bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Granite-Related Tin Metallogenic Events and Key Controlling Factors in Peninsular Malaysia, Southeast Asia: New Insights from Cassiterite U-Pb Dating and Zircon Geochemistry
Authors: Yang Jie-Hua , Zhou Mei-Fu , Hu Rui-Zhong , Zhong Hong , Williams-Jones Anthony E. , Liu Liang , Zhang Xing-Chun , Fu Ya-Zhou , Mao Wei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Permian-Triassic granites and associated tin deposits are widespread in the Eastern and Western belts of Peninsular Malaysia. The ages and key controlling factors of tin mineralization, however, are poorly constrained. Cassiterite separates from the Sintok and Rahman tin deposits in the Western belt, and Bandi, Setahum, Lembing, and Cherul tin deposits in the Eastern belt have U-Pb ages of 218.9 ± 3.4 and 226.8 ± 7.6 Ma, and 213.1 ± 3.9, 270.6 ± 4.6, 282.7 ± 4.6, and 281.3 ± 3.5 Ma, respectively. These ages directly constrain the tin mineralization in Peninsular Malaysia to two separate periods: 290 to 270 Ma and 230 to 210 Ma. Zircon crystals from tin-bearing granites in the Cherul and Sintok deposits have U-Pb ages of 276.0 ± 1.9 and 221.9 ± 0.6 Ma, respectively, consistent with the cassiterite U-Pb ages within uncertainties. Zircon crystals from barren granites of the Kuantan pluton in the Eastern belt have a U-Pb age of 260.5 ± 0.7 Ma, which is between the two tin mineralization periods. Zircon from these barren granites have εHf(t) values from −5.4 to 3.6, two-stage Hf model ages (TDM2) from 1.4 to 1.0 Ga, and Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios from 40 to 120. By comparison, zircon crystals from the tin-bearing granites have low εHf(t) values (−9.7 to −3.2) and Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios (4–67) and high TDM2 (1.8–1.4 Ga). Zircon ages, Hf isotopes, and trace elements indicate that the tin-bearing granitic magmas in Peninsular Malaysia had relatively low oxygen fugacity and were derived from reworking of Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rock-dominated crust in response to the Paleo-Tethyan subduction and continental collision. This study confirms that the nature of magma sources and redox states of magmas were key in the formation of the tin-rich granites and associated tin deposits and that the granite-related tin mineralization in Peninsular Malaysia was closely related to the evolution of the eastern Paleo-Tethys.
Realisatie van maatschappelijke initiatieven
Authors: Mentink J.W.M. 
Published: May 2020

Realisatie van maatschappelijke initiatieven. Een overzicht van in te zetten instrumenten
Nederland staat voor grote maatschappelijke opgaven, zoals klimaatadaptatie, de energietransitie en de stikstofproblematiek. Maatschappelijke partijen laten zien dat zij samen willen werken aan die opgaven. Deze partijen zoeken naar manieren om hun initiatieven te realiseren. De overheid beschikt over een aantal instrumenten om maatschappelijke partijen hierin te ondersteunen. In een indeling van privaat naar publiek worden de volgende instrumenten besproken: zelfregulering, publiek-private afspraken, algemeenverbindendverklaring, verordeningen van de bedrijfslichamen, het wetsvoorstel ruimte voor duurzaamheidsinitiatieven en reguliere wetgeving.
Advisering over verwijzing naar niet-publiekrechtelijke normen
Authors: Nap M. 
Published: May 2020

Advisering over verwijzing naar niet-publiekrechtelijke normen
In de advisering over het algemeen verbindend verklaren van normen die niet door publiekrechtelijke instanties zijn opgesteld, hamert de Raad van State vooral op de kenbaarheid van de geldende normen. De lat van de adviseur lijkt hoger te liggen dan die van de rechter.
Walk this way
Authors: Neville Lucy , Sanders-McDonagh Erin 
Published: May 2020

Walk this way - The impact of mobile interviews on sensitive research with street-based sex workers
This article draws on a piece of ethnographic research carried out with outreach workers in London working with street-based sex workers (SBSWs). The aim of the research was to determine the efficacy of the services offered to this hard-to-reach client group. The charitable organization has a long history (20+ years) working with SBSWs in the Kings Cross area; we evaluated their drop-in and outreach services for this client group, many of whom have high-level needs due to substance misuse and mental health issues. We initially conducted semi-structured interviews with women at the drop-in services, but encountered a number of ethical and logistical issues that prompted us to consider alternative methodological approaches. This article explores our use of mobile interviews with SBSWs and the outreach team who encounter them, which we argue gives us unique insights into the realities and lived experiences of both women who work (and sometimes live) on the street and the outreach team members who engage with this hard-to-reach group. We argue that mobile interviews offer a highly effective way of conducting research with a vulnerable population, and enabled us to gain a unique perspective into best practice around effectively and ethically researching hard-to-reach groups. Critically, we maintain that these walking interviews gave detailed insights into the lives of SBSWs that would not have been possible using more traditional methods. We provide empirical data in this article from these walking interviews, including fieldnote excerpts, and consider the value of using mobile and innovative methods for criminological research with hard-to-reach populations.
Slovenia’s experience with mediation incentives
Authors: Kresal Katarina 
Published: May 2020

Slovenia’s experience with mediation incentives
Slovenia realized very early that mediation as a form of a more flexible, consumer-friendly and interest-driven procedure can also be utilised as an effective means of court backlog reduction. The court-annexed mediation model was launched in 2001 without any regulatory framework as a pilot project at the District Court of Ljubljana. As a consequence of the successful pilot project court-annexed mediation was introduced into every first-instance and second-instance court. The main incentives for the mediation model were that it was free of charge, i.e. the costs of mediation were included into the court budgets, that it was performed by judges trained as mediators and that attorneys were included into the process at a very early stage. Mediation has become widely accepted, as the voluntary uptake by the parties is quite high and referral to mediation by judges against the will of litigants is rather an exception.
In het belang van het slachtoffer
Authors: Cleven Irma , Fischer Tamar , Struijk Sanne 
Published: May 2020

For the sake of the victim: The contribution of penal protection orders to perceptions of safety of victims of violent offences and stalking.
This study describes how penal protection orders contribute to victim perceptions of safety, drawing upon data collected via a victim survey (n=101). Perceived victim safety is explored based on the factors of personal vulnerability, procedural justice, and experiences with compliance and enforcement. Results show that more than half of the victims in this study does not feel safer because of the protection order. The effects of the orders are even weaker for feelings of relaxation and feelings of anger about the situation. An increase in perceptions of control over the situation appears to be the most important predictor of an increase in feelings of safety and a decrease in feelings of anger, but is unrelated to an increase in feelings of relaxation. The effect of procedural justice differs per outcome measure. It is associated positively with increased feelings of safety, but negatively with decreased feelings of anger because of the protection order. The positive association with feelings of safety is partly indirect via personal vulnerability. Findings result in various suggestions for future research.
De rol van slachtoffercompensatie in de publieke waardering van strafoplegging
Authors: van Doorn Janne , Kunst Maarten , Brands Jelle , de Keijser Jan 
Published: May 2020

The role of victim compensation in public judgments about punishment.
In the current study it was investigated to what extent the presence or absence of victim compensation influences public judgments about punishment by the general public. Results show that whether or not the victim is awarded compensation, both in the case of physical assault and burglary, did not influence the extent to which the general public agrees with the punishment imposed by the judge. Participants do consider it important that a victim has the opportunity to apply for compensation for non-material damage suffered.
Het Wetsvoorstel burgerschapsopdracht
Authors: van den Brink Jaco 
Published: May 2020

The draft bill ‘Assignment for Citizenship’
The proposed Act on Citizenship Education requires fundamental reflection from several angles. The article provides a perspective from remarks describing the current age and a possible list of values for a democratic state. Important is also the perspective from educational freedom, on which topic several publications from the Onderwijsraad were issued in December 2019. The proposed Act (with the different versions of its explanation by the Minister) are critically evaluated and confronted with an alternative proposal.
Grotere vrijheid in geval van godsdienstige motieven?
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Aernout 
Published: May 2020

Do religious motives result in greater freedom of action?
Do religious motives result in greater freedom of action? This question cannot be answered with a simple yes or no. First of all, a distinction must be made between conduct that falls within the scope of the right to freedom of religion as opposed to other conduct. This distinction in turn needs some qualification. The aforementioned right can, after all, be restricted. The conduct in question could moreover fall within the purview of another fundamental right, as a result of which persons without religious motives are entitled to invoke another fundamental right. All these distinctions will be reviewed in this article. Special attention will be given to religiously motivated statements condemning homosexuality and the religiously motivated refusal to have children vaccinated.
Sharia in het Westen (II)
Authors: Berger Maurits 
Published: May 2020

Sharia in the West (Part II)
This is the second part of the revised translation of ‘Understanding sharia in the West’ that was published in the Journal of Law, Religion and State 2018, 6, p. 236-273. The first part of the translation appeared in Tijdschrift voor Religie, Recht en Beleid 2019, 3, p. 17-31.
‘Gutmenschen’, een bedreigde diersoort?
Authors: Vanheeswijck Guido 
Published: May 2020

‘Gutmenschen’, a species threatened with extinction – Christianity and populism
When does an appeal to the heritage of Christianity intensify our ethical sensitivity? When does an appeal to the Christian heritage diminish our ethical sensitivity? How to distinguish authentic Christianity from its cultural shape? All these questions highlight an ethical theme intimately interwoven with the many references to Christianity in contemporary politics. In that perspective, even a neologism was coined, the ‘Gutmensch’. When neologisms pop up and daily appear in newspapers, alertness is indispensable and an accurate approach is required.
Köpenhamns uppkomst
Authors: Dahlström Hanna 
Published: May 2020

Artiklen baseres på det oplæg, som forfatteren gav ved den metropolhistoriske konference på Frederiksberg Rådhus, august 2019. Heri belyses de seneste arkæologiske udgravninger omkring nutidens Rådhusplads i det centrale København, der har afsløret banebrydende oplysninger om den ældste fase i byens historie. Fundet af en kirkegård fra det 11. århundrede, ukendt fra skriftlige kilder og placeret uden for den senere, befæstede middelalderby, er et nyt spor til vores forståelse af hvad, og hvem der stod bag dannelsen og den tidlige udvikling af byen. På Rådhuspladsen blev der også fundet betydelige rester af værksteder, der var involveret i smedevirksomhed, dateret til slutningen af ​​det 11. til det tidlige 14. århundrede. Fundene bidrager med værdifuld information om livsforhold, men også om geografiske og aktørbaserede netværk af betydning for den videre udvikling af byen. Artiklen er fagfællebedømt.
Københavns nære og fjerne opland før industrialiseringen
Authors: Mikkelsen Jørgen 
Published: May 2020

Artiklen baseres på det oplæg, som forfatteren gav ved den metropolhistoriske konference på Frederiksberg Rådhus, august 2019, og tager udgangspunkt i, at en by kan have mange slags oplande, afhængig af hvilke aktiviteter man taler om. Med inspiration i tre oplandsbegreber, udviklet af tyske forskere, og af von Thünens klassiske teori om, at en by ideelt set er omgivet af koncentriske produktionszoner sættes der i artiklen fokus på handelsrelationerne mellem København og hovedstadens opland i tiden fra ca. 1700 til omkring 1850, men med linjer op til midten af 1900-tallet.
Changes in the gut microbiota during Asian particolored bat (Vespertilio sinensis) development
Authors: Yin Zhongwei , Sun Keping , Li Aoqiang , Sun Deyi , Li Zhongle , Xiao Guohong , Feng Jiang 
Published: May 2020

Background
The gut microbiota is closely linked to host development, diet and health and is influenced by both the host and the environment. Although many studies have focused on the dynamics of the gut microbiota during development in captive animals, few studies have focused on the dynamics of the gut microbiota during development in wild animals, especially for the order Chiroptera.

Methods
In this study, we characterized the gut microbiota of the wild Asian particolored bat (Vespertilio sinensis) from 1 day to 6 weeks after birth. We explored the changes in their gut microbial community compositions, examined possible influencing factors, and predicted the feeding transition period.

Results
The gut microbiota changed during the development of V. sinensis. The alpha diversity of the bats’ gut microbiota gradually increased but did not change significantly from the 1st day to the 4th week after birth; however, the alpha diversity decreased significantly in week 5, then stabilized. The beta diversity differed slightly in weeks 4–6. In week 4, the fecal samples showed the highest diversity in bacterial community composition. Thus, we predicted that the potential feeding transition period for V. sinensis may occur during week 4. Redundancy analysis showed that age and body mass index significantly affected the compositional changes of the gut microbiota in Asian particolored bats.

Conclusion
The gut microbiota changed during the development of V. sinensis. We suggest that changes in the alpha and beta diversity during week 4 after birth indicate a potential feeding transition, highlighting the importance of diet in the gut microbiota during the development of V. sinensis.
Direct aortic route versus transaxillary route for transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Hsiu-An , Su I-Li , Chen Shao-Wei , Wu Victor Chien-Chia , Chen Dong-Yi , Chu Pao-Hsien , Chou An-Hsun , Cheng Yu-Ting , Lin Pyng-Jing , Tsai Feng-Chun 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe transfemoral route is contraindicated in nearly 10% of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) candidates because of unsuitable iliofemoral vessels. Transaxillary (TAx) and direct aortic (DAo) routes are the principal nonfemoral TAVR routes; however, few studies have compared their outcomes.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the rates of mortality, stroke, and other adverse events of TAx and DAo TAVR. The study was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42017069788). We searched Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for studies reporting the outcomes of DAo or TAx TAVR in at least 10 patients. Studies that did not use the Valve Academic Research Consortium definitions were excluded. We included studies that did not directly compare the two approaches and then pooled rates of events from the included studies for comparison.ResultsIn total, 31 studies were included in the quantitative meta-analysis, with 2,883 and 2,172 patients in the DAo and TAx TAVR groups, respectively. Compared with TAx TAVR, DAo TAVR had a lower Society of Thoracic Surgery (STS) score, shorter fluoroscopic time, and less contrast volume use. The 30-day mortality rates were significantly higher in the DAo TAVR group (9.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [8.4–10.9]) than in the TAx TAVR group (5.7%, 95% CI = [4.8–6.8];Pfor heterogeneity <0.001). DAo TAVR was associated with a significantly lower risk of stroke in the overall study population (2.6% vs. 5.8%,Pfor heterogeneity <0.001) and in the subgroup of studies with a mean STS score of ≥8 (1.6% vs. 6.2%,Pfor heterogeneity = 0.005). DAo TAVR was also associated with lower risks of permanent pacemaker implantation (12.3% vs. 20.1%,Pfor heterogeneity = 0.009) and valve malposition (2.0% vs. 10.2%,Pfor heterogeneity = 0.023) than was TAx TAVR.ConclusionsDAo TAVR increased 30-day mortality rate compared with TAx TAVR; by contrast, TAx TAVR increased postoperative stroke, permanent pacemaker implantation, and valve malposition risks compared with DAo TAVR.
Correlation of Quick SOFA Score and Procalcitonin with Mortality in the Emergency Department
Authors: Bhatia Mandip Singh , Attri Ritu , Kant Kumar Rajni , Sharda Saurabh C. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the dysregulated host response to infection with high mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment can decrease mortality.
Methods: We studied 2031 patients presenting to an emergency department with fever or suspected infection to find the correlation between q SOFA SCORE and procalcitonin levels with mortality.
Results: It is seen that mortality is directly proportionate to qSofa score and we also found that the value of procalcitonin is directly proportionate to qSofa score.
Conclusion: Combination of qSofa score with procalcitonin is a sensitive marker of death in sepsis. qSofa score of 2 or more is associated with increased mortality but its, not death sentence if all such patients treated aggressively & timely then the majority of them would survive.
RecJ from Bacillus halodurans possesses endonuclease activity at moderate temperature
Authors: Wang Wen , Ma Liya , Wang Ling , Zheng Li , Zheng Minggang 
Published: May 2020

RecJ homologs, which occur in virtually all prokaryotes and eukaryotes, play key roles in DNA damage repair and recombination. Current evidence shows that RecJ family proteins exhibit exonuclease activity, degrading single‐stranded nucleic acids. Here, we report a novel RecJ isolated from Bacillus halodurans, which utilizes double‐stranded DNA as a substrate and functions as an endonuclease. Bacillus halodurans RecJ (BhRecJ) cleaves supercoiled plasmids into open circular and linear forms. Besides the typical domains of DHH, DHHA1, and oligonucleotide‐binding‐fold, BhRecJ possesses a C‐terminal domain with unknown function, which might form the core of the endonuclease activity. Using mutational analysis, we mapped several essential residues for BhRecJ endonuclease activity. Our findings suggest that BhRecJ may be involved in biological processes not typically associated with RecJ proteins.
Rational Design of Polyglutamic Acid Delivering an Optimized Combination of Drugs Targeting Mutated BRAF and MEK in Melanoma
Authors: Pisarevsky Evgeni , Blau Rachel , Epshtein Yana , Ben‐Shushan Dikla , Eldar‐Boock Anat , Tiram Galia , Koshrovski‐Michael Shani , Scomparin Anna , Pozzi Sabina , Krivitsky Adva , Shenbach‐Koltin Gal , Yeini Eilam , Fridrich Lidar , White Richard , Satchi‐Fainaro Ronit 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTargeted therapies against cancer can relieve symptoms and induce remission; however, they often present limited duration of disease control, cause side effects, and may induce acquired resistance. Therefore, there is great motivation to develop a unique delivery system, targeted to the tumor, in which several active entities can be combined, the therapeutic index can be increased by reducing systemic exposure, and their synergistic activity can be enhanced. To meet these goals, the biocompatible and biodegradable poly(α,l‐glutamic acid) (PGA) is chosen as a nanocarrier that facilitates extravasation‐dependent tumor targeting delivery. The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway when aberrantly activated in melanoma, can lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation, induced invasion, and reduced apoptosis. Here, two drugs targeting this pathway are selected: a MEK1/2 inhibitor (selumetinib, SLM) and a modified BRAF inhibitor (modified dabrafenib, mDBF) that exhibit synergism in vitro. The combination of PGA conjugated to SLM and mDBF (PGA–SLM–mDBF) is synthesized and characterized. PGA–SLM–mDBF inhibits the proliferation of melanoma cells and decreases their migratory and sprouting abilities without inducing a hemolytic effect. Moreover, it exhibits superior antitumor activity in a mouse model of primary melanoma and prolonged survival at a lower dose than the free drugs.
Highly Fluorescent Emitters Based on Triphenylamine‐π‐Triazine (D‐π‐A) System: Effect of Extended Conjugation on Singlet‐Triplet Energy Gap
Authors: Kumar Shiv , Rajamalli Pachaiyappan , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Zysman‐Colman Eli 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThree D‐π‐A type linearly‐extended emitters, based on diphenylamine (DPA) as the donor and 2,4,6‐triphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine (TRZ) as the acceptor, were synthesized and their optoelectronic properties characterized. The introduction of an additional phenyl or phenylethynyl π‐spacer results in an enhancement of the molar extinction coefficient and a systematic bathochromic shift of the charge‐transfer transition in the absorption spectra. A mirrored bathochromic shift in the photoluminescence spectra is also observed with increasing conjugation of the bridge moiety. All three compounds show high photoluminescence quantum yields and moderate singlet‐triplet excited state energy gaps, ΔEST, of 0.26‐0.37 eV were observed in 10 wt% doped films in PMMA as the host matrix.
Anwendungsgerechte Bestimmung des αcc‐Beiwerts
Authors: Empelmann Martin , Javidmehr Sara 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStahlbeton‐ und Spannbetonbauteile müssen für alle während ihrer Lebensdauer auftretenden Beanspruchungsszenarien ausreichend tragfähig sein. Dies gilt unabhängig von der jeweiligen Beanspruchungsart und ‐kombination sowie vom Beanspruchungszeitpunkt und von der Beanspruchungsdauer. Daher werden die zeitlichen Effekte der Beanspruchung beim Bemessungswert der Betondruckfestigkeit in dem Beiwert αcc berücksichtigt, der in den Normen üblicherweise konstant angenommen wird. Bei den Bewertungen im Grenzzustand der Tragfähigkeit wird aber oft die Größe dieses Beiwerts diskutiert. Aufbauend auf der differenzierten Bestimmung des Beiwerts αcc in [1] werden in diesem Beitrag mithilfe typischer Anwendungsbeispiele die Möglichkeiten des neuen Ansatzes für die Anwendung weitergehend erläutert und diskutiert.