bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave ablation enhances tumor-specific immune response in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Leuchte Katharina , Staib Elena , Thelen Martin , Gödel Philipp , Lechner Axel , Zentis Peter , Garcia-Marquez Maria , Waldschmidt Dirk , Datta Rabi Raj , Wahba Roger , Wybranski Christian , Zander Thomas , Quaas Alexander , Drebber Uta , Stippel Dirk Ludger , Bruns Christiane , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael , Wennhold Kerstin , Schlößer Hans Anton 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThermal ablative therapies are standard treatments for localized hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In addition to local tumor destruction, ablation leads to abscopal effects in distant lesions most likely mediated by an anti-tumor immune response. Although microwave ablation (MWA) is increasingly substituting other ablative techniques, its systemic immunostimulatory effects are poorly studied. We analyzed tumor-specific immune responses in peripheral blood of HCC patients after thermal ablation with regard to T cell responses and disease outcome. While comprehensive flow cytometric analyses in sequential samples of a prospective patient cohort (n = 23) demonstrated only moderate effects of MWA on circulating immune cell subsets, fluorospot analyses of specific T cell responses against seven tumor-associated antigens (TTAs) revealed de-novo or enhanced tumor-specific immune responses in 30% of patients. This anti-tumor immune response was related to tumor control as Interferon-y and Interleukin-5 T cell responses against TAAs were more frequent in patients with a long-time remission (> 1 year) after MWA (7/16) compared to patients suffering from an early relapse (0/13 patients) and presence of tumor-specific T cell response (IFN-y and/or IL-5) was associated to longer progression-free survival (27.5 vs. 10.0 months). Digital image analysis of immunohistochemically stained archival HCC samples (n = 18) of patients receiving combined MWA and resection revealed a superior disease-free survival of patients with high T cell abundance at the time of thermal ablation (37.4 vs. 13.1 months). Our data demonstrates remarkable immune-related effects of MWA in HCC patients and provides additional evidence for a combination of local ablation and immunotherapy in this challenging disease.
Unusual DNA-binding properties of the Arabidopsis thaliana WRKY50 transcription factor at target gene promoters
Authors: Kanofsky Konstantin , Rusche Jendrik , Eilert Lea , Machens Fabian , Hehl Reinhard 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Key message
WRKY50 from A. thaliana requires WT-boxes at target gene promoters for activation and binding.

Abstract
Based on the genome-wide prediction of WRKY50 target genes and the similarity of a WRKY50 binding site to WT-boxes in microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-responsive cis-regulatory modules (CRM), four WT-box containing CRMs from the promoter region of three WRKY50 target genes were investigated for their interaction with WRKY50. These target genes are DJ1E, WRKY30 and ATBBE4. Two of the four CRMs, one from DJ1E and one from WRKY30, were able to activate reporter gene expression in the presence of WRKY50. Activation requires the WT-boxes GGACTTTT, GGACTTTG from DJ1E and GGACTTTC from WRKY30. WRKY50 does not activate a second CRM from WRKY30 and the CRM from ATBBE4, both containing the WT-box TGACTTTT. In vitro gel-shift assays demonstrate WT-box-specific binding of the WRKY50 DNA-binding domain to all four CRMs. This work shows a high flexibility of WRKY50 binding site recognition beyond the classic W-box TTGACC/T.
Impact of COVID-19 on patient–doctor interaction in a complex radiation therapy facility
Authors: Desideri Isacco , Francolini G. , Ciccone L. P. , Stocchi G. , Salvestrini V. , Aquilano M. , Greto D. , Bonomo P. , Meattini I. , Scotti V. , Scoccianti S. , Simontacchi G. , Livi L. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
In the last months, Italy faced a COVID-19 emergency and implemented preventive measures in order to protect patients and healthcare providers from a disease outbreak. The pandemic control strategies impacted patient experience directly. Questionnaires evaluating patients reported measures (PREMs) may assess critical issues and represent a helpful tool to measure the patient perception of healthcare service. Our aim was to prospectively assess patient satisfaction about doctor–patient interaction in a high-volume radiation therapy and oncology center during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Cancer patients receiving either systemic and/or radiation treatment underwent a survey. Two validated questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30, FACIT-TS-G version 1) and 14 specific questions evaluating patients’ perception of COVID-19 measures were administered.

Results
One hundred twenty-five patients admitted to our department from 1–30 April 2020 completed the questionnaires. The majority (66.4%) of patients were women and the most common disease was breast cancer (40%). The average Global Health Status (GHS) of EORTC QLQ-C30 was 61.67. Emotional functioning, social, and cognitive domains obtained scores of 75.48, 80.13, and 84.67, respectively. FACIT-TS-G results revealed 120 patients rated the treatments effective and 108 patients thought the side effects were the same as expected or better. Most (89.6%) rated their treatment good, very good, or excellent. Concerning COVID-19-related questions, patients reported overall very good level of information.

Conclusions
Despite the introduction of strict COVID-19 control measures, there was a high level of cancer outpatient satisfaction. The satisfaction levels may influence compliance, continuity of treatments, and patient–doctor communication, impacting the quality of clinical care in the next phases of the pandemic.
Determining the protective characteristics and risk factors for the development of anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Suzuki Nobuaki , Yoshida Shin , Tomochika Shinobu , Nakagami Yuki , Shindo Yoshitaro , Tokumitsu Yukio , Iida Michihisa , Takeda Shigeru , Hazama Shoichi , Ueno Tomio , Nagano Hiroaki 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Anastomotic leakage is one of the most serious postoperative complications associated with surgery for rectal cancer. The present study aimed to identify the protective characteristics and risk factors associated with anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection for rectal cancer.

Methods
This was a retrospective, single-center study conducted between January 2009 and December 2017 at our institution. In total, 136 rectal cancer patients who underwent low anterior resection were included in the study. We analyzed preoperative and intraoperative factors. In addition, the pelvic dimensions were measured using computed tomography in all cases.

Results
Among the 136 patients, anastomotic leakage occurred in 21 (15.4%), including 18 males and 3 females. The median body mass index was 21.1 kg/m2. The construction of a covering stoma was found to be a protective factor. In addition, the operation time (≥ 373 min), intraoperative blood loss (≥ 105 ml), and size of the pelvic inlet (≥ 113 mm) were identified as risk factors for anastomotic leakage.

Conclusion
The construction of a covering stoma was a possible protective factor. However, a longer operation time, higher intraoperative blood loss, and larger pelvic inlet dimensions were possible risk factors for developing anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection in patients with rectal cancer.
Brazil’s emission trajectories in a well-below 2 °C world: the role of disruptive technologies versus land-based mitigation in an already low-emission energy system
Authors: Köberle Alexandre C. , Rochedo Pedro R. R. , Lucena André F. P. , Szklo Alexandre , Schaeffer Roberto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Agreement (PA) submitted so far do not put the world on track to meet the targets of the Agreement and by 2020 countries should ratchet up ambition in the new round of NDCs. Brazil’s NDC to the PA received mixed reviews and has been rated as “medium” ambition. We use the Brazil Land Use and Energy System (BLUES) model to explore low-emission scenarios for Brazil for the 2010–2050 period that cost-effectively raise ambition to levels consistent with PA targets. Our results reinforce the fundamental role of the agriculture, forest, and land use (AFOLU) sectors and explore inter-sectoral linkages to power generation and transportation. We identify transportation as a prime candidate for decarbonization, leveraging Brazil’s already low-carbon electricity production and its high bioenergy production. Results indicate the most important mitigation measures are electrification of the light-duty vehicle (LDV) fleet for passenger transportation, biodiesel and biokerosene production via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis from lignocellulosic feedstock, and intensification of agricultural production. The use of carbon capture and storage (CCS) as well as netzero deforestation make significant contributions. We identify opportunities for Brazil, but synergies and trade-offs across sectors should be minded when designing climate policies.
Data mining tools -a case study for network intrusion detection
Authors: Hosseini Soodeh , Sardo Saman Rafiee 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith the growth of data mining and machine learning approaches in recent years, many efforts have been made to generalize these sciences so that researchers from any field can easily utilize these sciences. One of the most important of these efforts is the development of data mining tools that try to hide the complexities from researchers so that they can achieve a professional output with any level of knowledge. This paper is focused on reviewing and comparing data mining and machine learning tools including WEKA, KNIME, Keel, Orange, Azure, IBM SPSS Modeler, R and Scikit-Learn to show what approach each of these methods has taken in the face of the complexities and problems of different scenarios of generalization of data mining and machine learning. In addition, for a more detailed review, this paper examines the challenge of network intrusion detection in two tools, Knime with graphical interface and Scikit-Learn with coding environment.
The ability to return to work: a patient-centered outcome parameter following glioma surgery
Authors: Senft Christian , Behrens Marion , Lortz Irina , Wenger Katharina , Filipski Katharina , Seifert Volker , Forster Marie-Thérèse 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
With refinements in diagnosis and therapy of gliomas, the importance of survival time as the sole outcome parameter has decreased, and patient-centered outcome parameters have gained interest. Pursuing a profession is an indispensable component of human happiness. The aim of this study was to analyze the professional outcomes besides their neuro-oncological and functional evaluation after surgery for gliomas in eloquent areas.

Methods
We assessed neuro-oncological and functional outcomes of patients with gliomas WHO grades II and III undergoing surgery between 2012 and 2018. All patients underwent routine follow-up and adjuvant treatment. Treatment and survival parameters were collected prospectively. Repercussions of the disease on the patients’ professional status, socio-economic situation, and neurocognitive function were evaluated retrospectively with questionnaires.

Results
We analyzed data of 58 patients with gliomas (WHO II: 9; III: 49). Median patient age was 35.8 years (range 21–63 years). Awake surgery techniques were applied in 32 patients (55.2%). Gross total and subtotal tumor resections were achieved in 33 (56.9%) and 17 (29.3%) patients, respectively, whereas in 8 patients (13.8%) resection had to remain partial. Most patients (n = 46; 79.3%) received adjuvant treatment. Median follow up was 43.8 months (range 11–82 months). After treatment 41 patients (70.7%) were able to resume a working life. Median time until returning to work was 8.0 months (range 0.2–22.0 months). To be younger than 40 at the time of the surgery was associated with a higher probability to return to work (p < .001). Multivariable regression analysis showed that patient age < 40 years as well as occupational group and self-reported fatigue were factors independently associated with the ability to return to work.

Conclusion
The ability to resume professional activities following brain tumor surgery is an important patient-oriented outcome parameter. We found that the majority of patients with gliomas were able to return to work following surgical and adjuvant treatment. Preservation of neurological function is of utmost relevance for individual patients´ quality of life.
A computational model of the cultural co-evolution of language and mindreading
Authors: Woensdregt Marieke , Cummins Chris , Smith Kenny 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSeveral evolutionary accounts of human social cognition posit that language has co-evolved with the sophisticated mindreading abilities of modern humans. It has also been argued that these mindreading abilities are the product of cultural, rather than biological, evolution. Taken together, these claims suggest that the evolution of language has played an important role in the cultural evolution of human social cognition. Here we present a new computational model which formalises the assumptions that underlie this hypothesis, in order to explore how language and mindreading interact through cultural evolution. This model treats communicative behaviour as an interplay between the context in which communication occurs, an agent’s individual perspective on the world, and the agent’s lexicon. However, each agent’s perspective and lexicon are private mental representations, not directly observable to other agents. Learners are therefore confronted with the task of jointly inferring the lexicon and perspective of their cultural parent, based on their utterances in context. Simulation results show that given these assumptions, an informative lexicon evolves not just under a pressure to be successful at communicating, but also under a pressure for accurate perspective-inference. When such a lexicon evolves, agents become better at inferring others’ perspectives; not because their innate ability to learn about perspectives changes, but because sharing a language (of the right type) with others helps them to do so.
Small-medium enterprises and innovative startups in entrepreneurial ecosystems: exploring an under-remarked relation
Authors: Cavallo Angelo , Ghezzi Antonio , Rossi-Lamastra Cristina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo date, contributions in the field of entrepreneurial ecosystems have mainly focused on definitions, actors, key attributes, consequences on startups’ creation and growth, while conceding less space to key relations among actors. This study contributes to filling this gap by exploring the relation in entrepreneurial ecosystems between small-medium enterprises and a relevant class of startups: innovative startups. We take stock of extant knowledge to discuss the challenges and benefits of this relation. Then, we document that innovative startups tend to locate within Italian industrial districts, a peculiar case of entrepreneurial ecosystems where Italian small-medium enterprises tend to agglomerate, despite there is no evidence that they operate in the same industry of specialization of the Italian industrial districts. We interpret these results as a possible indication that innovative startups value the relation with small-medium enterprises. We provide an original review and illustrative evidence on small-medium enterprises and startups relations as few studies have done so far. Finally, the study presents a research agenda for stimulating novel directions for academic research and practice-oriented conversations on the role of small-medium enterprises and innovative startups in entrepreneurial ecosystems. We deem this is a relevant topic, given the importance of these relations, especially within entrepreneurial ecosystems located in countries where small-medium enterprises (often operating in traditional industries) are the main engine of local and regional development.
Liposomal Encapsulation of Oleuropein and an Olive Leaf Extract: Molecular Interactions, Antioxidant Effects and Applications in Model Food Systems
Authors: González-Ortega Rodrigo , Šturm Luka , Skrt Mihaela , Di Mattia Carla Daniela , Pittia Paola , Poklar Ulrih Nataša 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe influence of actively/passively encapsulated oleuropein on DPPC liposomes thermal and structural properties, and its antioxidant capacity against lipid peroxidation were investigated. Also, an oleuropein-rich olive leaf extract was encapsulated in soy phosphatidylcholine (PL-90 g) and incorporated in model and commercial drinks. Oleuropein induced a concentration-dependent broadening and splitting of the gel-to-liquid phase transition temperature. Fluorescence measurements revealed a fluidizing effect on liposomes below their gel-to-liquid phase transition temperature, and a higher lipid ordering above, especially to active encapsulation. Oleuropein also showed an antioxidant effect against lipid peroxidation in PL-90 g liposomes. PL-90 g Liposomes with olive leaf extract showed a mean diameter of 405 ± 4 nm and oleuropein encapsulation efficiency of 34% and delayed oleuropein degradation at pH 2.0 and 2.8 model drinks. In conclusion, greater effects were observed on the structure and fluidity of DPPC liposomes when oleuropein was actively encapsulated, while its incorporation into acidic foods in encapsulated form could enhance its stability.
Better than the best? Answers via model ensemble in density-based clustering
Authors: Casa Alessandro , Scrucca Luca , Menardi Giovanna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith the recent growth in data availability and complexity, and the associated outburst of elaborate modelling approaches, model selection tools have become a lifeline, providing objective criteria to deal with this increasingly challenging landscape. In fact, basing predictions and inference on a single model may be limiting if not harmful; ensemble approaches, which combine different models, have been proposed to overcome the selection step, and proven fruitful especially in the supervised learning framework. Conversely, these approaches have been scantily explored in the unsupervised setting. In this work we focus on the model-based clustering formulation, where a plethora of mixture models, with different number of components and parametrizations, is typically estimated. We propose an ensemble clustering approach that circumvents the single best model paradigm, while improving stability and robustness of the partitions. A new density estimator, being a convex linear combination of the density estimates in the ensemble, is introduced and exploited for group assignment. As opposed to the standard case, where clusters are typically associated to the components of the selected mixture model, we define partitions by borrowing the modal, or nonparametric, formulation of the clustering problem, where groups are linked with high-density regions. Staying in the density-based realm we thus show how blending together parametric and nonparametric approaches may be beneficial from a clustering perspective.
Medial epicondylopathy—microtrauma and pathologic overuse as a cause of degeneration of the flexor tendons
Authors: Ott Nadine , Van Riet Roger , Hackl Michael , Wegmann Kilian , Müller Lars Peter , Leschinger Tim 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Medial epicondylitis is a common orthopedic condition that typically results from overuse or previous microtrauma of the flexor-pronator mass. Repetitive eccentric loading of the muscles leads to subsequent degeneration of the flexor tendons.

Diagnosis
Patients present with a painful elbow. In the case of concomitant elbow pathologies, including ulnar neuritis and ulnar collateral ligament injury, there should be a detailed examination. Generally, the diagnosis is based on the clinical examination. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging can be useful for chronic courses, over 6 months.

Treatment
Nonsurgical management is the mainstay of treatment. Hence, surgical treatment may be indicated for patients with persistent symptoms after conservative treatment. In the case of a surgical treatment, arthroscopy can be useful to capture concomitant elbow pathologies.
Copernicus Sentinel imagery for more risk-resilient historic cities in coastal zones: contribution to the monitoring of Albenga archaeological site and delta of river Centa
Authors: Cuca Branka 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEarth observation (EO) technologies and products are traditionally providing an extremely important contribution to a more efficient management of built areas and people during emergencies. Their employment could be extremely useful in monitoring and risk assessment of protected monument and sites situated in potentially vulnerable areas such as costal zones. Change detection has a crucial role in such activities, especially in case of hazardous events—on one side, this method can provide inputs in the phases of risk assessment and rapid mapping for immediate response; on the other side, over prolonged periods of time after the event, change detection can be used for purposes of option analysis of technical solutions and for overall recovery planning of the site. Workflow proposed is based on the use of Copernicus Sentinel-2 data to provide the comparison of changes occurring during extreme flooding events of river Centa, Liguria. Firstly, an investigation of NDVI and NDWI of the extreme flooding event occurring in November 2019 was conducted. The event was then put in correlation with another previously studied flooding hazard occurring in 2016 in the same area that has caused severe damages to the archaeological remains of the medieval church of San Clemente, situated within the Centa riverbed. In conclusion, the results from both years have been compared with ground truth data of topographic database in order to observe the extension of the flooded area and to provide contribution to the monitoring activities. The aim of the research was to offer some novel insight for a more informed decision-making during the risk assessment, risk management and resilience phases regarding the vulnerable built heritage sites found in coastal areas.