bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Polymer Architecture and Functionalization with Carboxylate Groups over the Release of Octenidine Hydrochloride from Poly(lactic acid)‐Based Nanoparticles
Authors: Maraldi Matteo , Guida Anna , Sponchioni Mattia , Moscatelli Davide 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHealthcare‐associated infections affect every year more than four million people due to the increasing resistance of bacteria to traditional antibiotics. In turn, the systematic use of quaternary ammonium salts as antiseptics is hampered by their inherent toxicity and high hydrophilicity that leads to their rapid elimination from the body. Therefore, a carefully controlled release of these antiseptics is pivotal to achieve prolonged therapeutic efficacy reducing the side effects. In this work, high encapsulation efficiencies and good control over the release of octenidine hydrochloride from poly(lactic acid) (PLA)‐based nanoparticles (NPs) is achieved by introducing functional carboxylate groups in the polymer. The influence of the polymer structure and functionalization over the drug release is systematically investigated. Star‐like and brush‐like polymers with tunable number of ionizable chain end‐groups are synthesized via combination of ring‐opening polymerization and reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. These polymers are formulated in NPs and loaded with octenidine through emulsion/solvent evaporation. Brush‐like polymers demonstrate to be a versatile tool for the modulation of the initial burst and long term release of the antiseptic through the tuning of the electrostatic interactions between the negative groups on the polymer, whose number can be precisely controlled, and the positively charged drug.
Dichotomy and μ‐pseudo almost automorphic solutions for delayed partial functional differential equations in admissible spaces
Authors: Jendoubi Chiraz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe prove the existence and uniqueness of μ‐pseudo almost automorphic solution for a delayed non‐autonomous partial functional differential equation in the exponential dichotomic case, where the nonlinear operator F satisfies the φ‐Lipschitz condition and φ belongs to some admissible spaces. We further prove the existence of an invariant stable manifold around the μ‐pseudo almost automorphic solution in that case. An application is given to illustrate our theory.
Holistic reconstruction of mandible defect, lower lip and chin sensation, and smile reanimation in an advanced gum cancer patient: A case report
Authors: Chen Lisa Wen‐Yu , Lakhiani Chrisovalantis , Huang Jung‐Ju , Abdelrahman Mohamed , Huang Shiang‐Fu , Chang Tommy Nai‐Jen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFacial deformity, facial paralysis, and sensory loss are inevitable after some head and neck tumor resection and reconstruction, especially in high stage cancer. To overcome these obstacles, we present a case of T4a gum cancer patient (41‐year‐old) who received holistic reconstruction of the mandible defect via an osteo‐peroneal‐artery‐perforator combined flap for defect coverage and cross‐mental nerve graft for lower lip and chin sensation at the primary stage, followed by ipsilateral facial nerve (lower trunk) innervated gracilis functioning free muscle transplantation for facial reanimation and correction of the sunken face 3 years later. After 4.5 years of follow‐up, the patient was satisfied with his appearance, and obtained a spontaneous and symmetrical smile without sensory deficit. This experience showed a possible solution to the reconstruction for complicated head and neck cancer patients.
An improved 220‐GHz RF CMOS compact equivalent circuit model considering magnetic coupling effect
Authors: Liu Xusheng , Liu Jun , Yu Yiming , Zhao Chenxi , Liu Huihua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, an improved RF CMOS transistor compact equivalent circuit model is presented. Due to the finite resistivity of the substrate, the magnetic coupling effect between the interconnection line and the substrate affects the signal propagation at mm‐wave frequency range. To characterize transistors in the terahertz band, a sophisticated network is introduced to represent the magnetic field of interconnection lines and substrate image current. In addition, the parameters of the proposed model are extracted by an analytical method. By comparison with the reported model, the proposed model can significantly improve the phase accuracy. The comparison of calculation results and experimental data shows that the proposed model can well characterize the transistor up to 220 GHz.
Roots of two‐terminal reliability polynomials
Authors: Brown Jason , DeGagné Corey D. C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAssume that the vertices of a graph G are always operational, but the edges of G are operational independently with probability p ∈ [0, 1]. For fixed vertices s and t, the two‐terminal reliability of G is the probability that the operational subgraph contains an (s, t)‐path, while the all‐terminal reliability of G is the probability that the operational subgraph contains a spanning tree. Both reliabilities are polynomials in p, and have very similar behavior in many respects. However, unlike all‐terminal reliability polynomials, little is known about the roots of two‐terminal reliability polynomials. In a variety of ways, we shall show that the nature and location of the roots of two‐terminal reliability polynomials have significantly different properties than those held by roots of the all‐terminal reliability polynomials.
Antiobesity Effects of Adipose‐Derived Stromal/Stem Cells in a Naturally Aged Mouse Model
Authors: Wu Qiong , He Shuangli , Zhu Yu , Pu Shiming , Zhou Zuping 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveAdipose‐derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) have multilineage differentiation potential and functional properties, as well as applications for cell‐based therapies in tissue repair and regeneration. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the efficacy of ASCs as an antiobesity agent in aged organisms. This study aimed to clarify the effectiveness of ASCs at treating obesity using a naturally aged mouse model.MethodsOld (22 months) C57BL/6J mice with transplanted young‐mice (2 months) donor ASCs were measured for weight change, biochemistry, cytokines, hormone secretion, cell senescence, lipid metabolism, and functional changes of ASCs.ResultsThe results indicated that old mice treated with ASCs showed antiaging and antiobesity effects such as significant loss of body and organ weight, improved stem cell plasticity, increased antioxidant capacity (superoxide dismutase and catalase), improved liver and kidney function, improved lipid metabolism, and increased hormone secretion (sex hormone‐binding globulin, thyrotropin, and leptin). Treatment with ASCs decreased cell senescence and suppressed secretion of inflammatory agents (interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha).ConclusionsTraditional drugs used in the treatment of obesity have limitations and are unsuitable for the elderly. Based on the results, the future use of ASCs as primary antiaging and antiobesity agents is suggested because of their positive effects on aged animals.
Toughening of poly(lactide acid) with low crystallinity through biaxial poststretching
Authors: Zhou Hongwei , Song Zhaoqiang , Cai Shengqiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPoly(lactide acid) (PLA) is an eco‐friendly, biocompatible and biodegradable polymer that has been extensively explored in diverse applications ranging from biomedical devices to food packages. One well‐known limitation of PLA in the applications is its low mechanical toughness and small stretchability. In this work, we have conducted systematic studies of the effects of the thermo‐mechanical processing on the mechanical behaviors of PLA with extremely low crystallinity (less than 3%). It is found that a freshly quenched PLA after hot pressing can be quite stretchable and tough. However, after only 2 days of aging at room temperature, the PLA becomes very brittle. We attribute such aging‐induced ductile‐to‐brittle transition of the PLA to its plastic deformation mode changing from shearing to crazing. To increase the toughness and stability of the PLA, we apply poststretching onto the PLA. Our results have shown that after poststretching, both the toughness and stretchability of aged PLA can be greatly increased. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the PLA after poststretching become more aging resistant.
Two full capacity generators—Why is the calculated emergency power system probability of failure on demand so high?
Authors: Dowell Arthur M. (Art) 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe probability of failure on demand (PFD) for an emergency generator system is important when electrical power is needed to protect humans from harm or to prevent equipment damage. To evaluate the PFD for an emergency power system (EPS), we must consider:
All the components for the fuel, the controls, the transfer switches, and the circuit breakers in the emergency load feeders.
The capability of the weekly, monthly, semiannual, annual, and four‐year inspections and proof tests to detect all the failure modes that can prevent correct operation of the generator system.
Many common cause events may prevent both generators from starting or running:
The fuel storage system.
The generator control system including over‐voltage and overload protection.
The downstream electrical system including the transfer switches and circuit breakers.
Human action during maintenance and testing, such as leaving the transfer switches in test mode instead of automatic.
While the EPS may be designed and operated according to NFPA 110, it is critical to evaluate and eliminate single points of failure. The paper will suggest opportunities to provide redundancy, to manage human error, and to improve inspections and proof testing to detect more failure modes.
Simultaneous mode, input and state estimation for switched linear stochastic systems
Authors: Yong Sze Zheng , Zhu Minghui , Frazzoli Emilio 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a filtering algorithm for simultaneously estimating the mode, input and state of hidden mode switched linear stochastic systems with unknown inputs. Using a multiple‐model approach with a bank of linear input and state filters for each mode, our algorithm relies on the ability to find the most probable model as a mode estimate, which we show is possible with input and state filters by identifying a key property, that a particular residual signal we call generalized innovation is a Gaussian white noise. We also provide an asymptotic analysis for the proposed algorithm and provide sufficient conditions for asymptotically achieving convergence to the true model (consistency), or to the “closest” model according to an information‐theoretic measure (convergence). A simulation example of intention‐aware vehicles at an intersection is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Expectation maximization based sparse identification of cyberphysical system
Authors: Tang Xiuchuan , Dong Yunlong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA hybrid dynamics modeling method based on expectation‐maximization (EM) is proposed in this article. The dynamics include continuous dynamic equations that depend on the combination of continuous and discrete states, so it is often used to describe the dynamic behavior of cyberphysical system. Modeling such a system is a nonconvex problem, and if symbolic regression or mixed integer programs are used to solve it, the computational complexity will be tricky in many practical applications. This article proposes a two‐step‐based approach. In the first step, we use the method of EM and repeatedly solve the convex optimizer problem generated by the null space until all subsystems are identified. The second step is to identify the switching logic between the subsystems by sparse logistic regression with sample weights. Experiments show that the method is robust to noise and achieves satisfactory identification results on piecewise autoregressive models with exogenous input, ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, and other nonlinear examples.
1‐Vinyl‐3‐allyl Imidazolium Bromide as a New Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in 1 M HCl Solution
Authors: Li Meng , Chen Yun , Yang Wenzhong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe performance of 1‐vinyl‐3‐allyl imidazolium bromide ([VAIM][Br]) for inhibiting the corrosion of carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution from 298 K to 338 K was assessed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements proved that the inhibition efficiency (η) of [VAIM][Br] was as high as 95 %, and after immersion of 144 h, η still kept more than 90 %. Polarization curve verified that [VAIM][Br] acted as a mixed‐type inhibitor and adsorption of [VAIM][Br] was found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Molecular dynamic simulations suggested that the addition of vinyl group increased interaction energy between [VAIM]+ and (0 0 1) plane of Fe from 43.92 kcal mol−1 to 71.98 kcal mol−1. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) and UV‐vis spectrum demonstrated that [VAIM][Br] and Fe atom can form stable complex (Fe2(VAIM)2Br4), which hindered the corrosion of carbon steel.
Optimization of Flavonoids Extraction from Vietnamese Male Papaya (Carica papaya, L.) Flowers by Ultrasound‐Asissted Method and Testing Bioactivities of the Extract
Authors: Le Thao My Phan , Van Luc Tran , Do Dat Tran , Hoai Thanh Vuong , Khanh Duy Huynh , Thanh Phong Mai , Minh Nam Hoang , Huu Hieu Nguyen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPapaya (Carica papaya Linn.) is popularly cultivated in most tropical countries such as Malaysia, Vietnam, the West Indies, and throughout Africa. In the present work, an ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) method has been developed for flavonoid extraction from Vietnamese male Carica papaya (C. papaya) flowers. Various influential operating parameters such as extraction time, ultrasonic power, solvent–to–material ratio, and extraction temperature on the flavonoid content were examined to optimize the extraction process. The result showed that under optimum extraction conditions including extraction time of 33 min, ultrasonic power of 240 W, solvent–to–material ratio of 27 : 1 mL/g, and extraction temperature of 46
, the flavonoid content obtained was of 10.648±0.228 mg QE/g, which was found to be higher than that obtained by hot water extraction, enzyme‐assisted extraction, and ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic extraction methods. Therefore, UAE could be considered as the most efficient extraction method for flavonoids from Vietnamese male C. papaya flowers. In addition, the extract obtained under optimum conditions was tested bioactivities to prove the medicinal uses of flavonoids extracted from Vietnamese male C. papaya flowers with the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration values for antioxidant effect and anticancer effect against Hep‐G2 cell lines at 179.69
0.03 and 56.63
1.25 μg/mL, respectively.
Sonochemical Synthesis of Differently‐Sized Nanoparticles of a Silver(I) Compound: An Optical, Anticancer, and Thermal Activity Evaluation Study
Authors: Ramezani Bahman , Hossein Shahverdizadeh Gholam , Edjlali Ladan , Ramezani Fatemeh , Babazadeh Mirzaagha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNano silver‐based inorganic structure with the chemical formulation of [Ag(dafo)2(NO3)] (1), dafo=4,5‐diazafluoren‐9‐one, was synthesized using sonochemical method. Three different ultrasonic generator output powers of 30 W, 60 W, 90 W, each in two different reaction temperature ranges of 0–10 °C and 25–35 °C, were our sonochemical reaction conditions. After preparing compound 1 with differently‐sized nanoparticles under the sonochemical reaction conditions, we conducted an evaluation study into the optical, anti‐cancer, and thermal activities of the compound. High ultrasonic generator output power and low reaction temperature were the two prevailing conditions that affected the size and purity of the nanoparticles of compound 1. Based on our identifying methods, nanoparticles of 90 W at 0–10 °C showed the lowest particles size among other nanoparticles. The best optical, anticancer, and thermal activities appertained to the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were heated to 500 °C in an electric furnace to synthesize phase‐pure silver nanoparticles.
Lewis‐Acid‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Amadori and Heyns Dipeptides
Authors: Chanda Debasree , Venkataswamy Gangothri M. , Harohally Nanishankar V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAmadori and Heyns reactions are milestone reactions of carbohydrate chemistry. There have been little efforts in transforming these rearrangement reactions to useful catalytic tools. We demonstrate herein, synthesis of Amadori and Heyns dipeptides via Lewis acid‐catalysis. The accomplished catalytic Amadori and Heyns synthesis is devoid of protection and deprotection steps either for dipeptides or for reducing sugar. By the developed catalytic method we achieved, tagatose Amadori dipeptides via reaction of D‐galactose with dipeptides including L‐alanyl glycine, L‐alanyl‐L‐alanine, L‐alanyl‐L‐glutamine, glycyl‐L‐phenylalanine, L‐leucyl glycine, L‐pheynylalanyl‐L‐valine in excellent yield. In addition, Heyns dipeptides were also achieved by employing D‐fructose and dipeptides consisting of L‐alanyl glycine, L‐alanyl‐L‐alanine, L‐alanyl‐L‐glutamine, glycyl‐L‐phenylalanine, L‐leucyl glycine. The realized Lewis acid mediated catalytic method is practical, quantitative, and avoids chromatographic separation techniques.
Hollow Carbon Nanocubes as Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalyst
Authors: Hu Le , Shang Chaoqun , Wang Xin , Zhou Guofu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe sluggish oxygen reduction reaction kinetics hinders the development fuel cells, which needs effective electrocatalyst with low cost and high efficiency to realize 4 e− reduction processes. To alternate commercial Pt/C, herein, hollow carbon nanocubes were successfully prepared and evaluated as oxygen reduction electrocatalyst. Benefit from the effective abundant nitrogen species and unique hollow architecture, the hollow carbon nanocubes exhibit favorable oxygen reduction electrochemical performance with onset potential of 0.94 V, half‐wave potential of 0.82 V, and limited current density of 6.11 mA cm−2, which are comparable to those of Pt/C. Additionally, compared to Pt/C, the HC‐800 shows expressively stability and methanol tolerance.
Revealing the Origin of Π‐facial and Regioselectivity in the Diels‐Alder Reaction of Unsymmetrical, Cage‐annulated 1,3‐Cyclohexadiene with Ethyl Propiolate Dienophile: a DFT Study
Authors: Patel Tulsi R. , Ganguly Bishwajit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDFT [M06‐2X/6‐31+G(d,p) and MPWB1 K/6‐311G(d)] calculations have elucidated the origins of π‐facial and regioselectivity in the Diels‐Alder reactions of hexacyclo [7.5.1.01,6.06,13.08,12.010,14] pentadeca‐2,4‐diene‐7,15‐dione (HPDD) and hexacyclo [7.5.2.01,6.06,13.08,12.010,14] hexadeca‐2,4‐diene‐7,16‐dione (HHDD) dienes with ethyl propiolate (EP) as the dienophile. The origin of π‐facial stereoselectivity of these Diels‐Alder reactions has been rationalized with molecular electrostatic potential (MESP), potential energy surface (PES), and Non‐Covalent Interaction (NCI). The role of the steric effect on the π‐facial stereoselectivity of these Diels‐Alder reactions has also been observed. The origin of distal/proximal regioselectivity of HHDD with EP was explained by attractive Non‐Covalent Interaction (NCI) and electrostatic repulsion. This is one of the rare examples in Diels‐Alder reaction with both the π‐facial stereoselectivity and the regioselectivity with single diene and dienophile.
Superior Water Oxidation Performance over CoMoO4 with High Stability: Synergistic Effect of Oxygen Vacancies and Morphology
Authors: Fu Qiong , Du Xiaoqiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is utmost significant to exploit environmentally friendly, low‐cost and robust electrocatalysts because of the slow kinetics involved in production of hydrogen through water electrolysis on a large scale. The bimetallic CoMoO4 materials were in situ grown on Ni foam by simple hydrothermal synthesis method. The as‐prepared CoMoO4 materials with oxygen vacancy display superior electrocatalytic performance compared to the pristine CoMoO4 electrodes, demanding a small OER overpotential of 340 mV to obtain 40 mA cm−2. The superior electrocatalytic performance of the CoMoO4 material was ascribed to the presence of more oxygen deficiency, optimal water adsorption energy and more exposure to active sites. The work provides a novel thought and method for the exploitation of environmentally friendly, robust and low‐cost water splitting electrocatalysts.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Cycloaddition of o‐Quinone Methides with Oxazolones: Asymmetric Synthesis of Dihydrocoumarins
Authors: Kim Kyeong Seop , Jang Jihoon , Kim Dae Young 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe organocatalytic enantioselective cycloaddition of ortho‐quinone methides with oxazolones promoted by a chiral binaphthyl‐modified squaramide bifunctional organocatalyst was developed, allowing an efficient synthesis of chiral dihydrocoumarins with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 97 % ee). This approach represents a practical method for the preparation of chiral 3,4‐dihydrocoumarin derivatives.
Ultrasound Modification of White Garland‐Lily Starch: Functional, Thermal, and Pasting Properties
Authors: Bento Juliana Aparecida Correia , Ferreira Karen Carvalho , Fidelis Marília Cândido , Souza Neto Menandes Alves de , Paixão e Silva Gisele de Lima , Bataus Luiz Artur Mendes , Caliari Márcio , Soares Júnior Manoel Soares 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUltrasound has been investigated to improve the processes of physical and chemical modifications of starches through cavitation effects. Hedychium coronarium J. König, popularly known as white garland‐lily, has medicinal properties and its rhizomes are a potential source for starch extraction. Since there are still no data available using ultrasound without cooling to obtain modified white garland‐lily starch (WGLS), this study aims to verify how the starch solution concentration, intensity, and time of application of ultrasound affect the thermal, function, and pasting properties of WGLS. WGLS modified by ultrasound without cooling shows significant variations in its characteristics, for example, water absorption at 55 °C ranges from 2.98 to 7.39 g 100 g−1, peak viscosity from 394 to 2773 cP, pasting temperature from 65.9 to 75.13 °C, setback from 1295 to 2079 cP, and gelatinization enthalpy from zero to 17.62 J g−1. Cracks are visualized on the surface of some starch granules depending on the experimental conditions employed. The studied variables affect the functional, thermal, and pasting properties, it is found that ultrasound (20 kHz, 500 W) applied without cooling is efficient in the modification of WGLS, providing modified starches with differentiated characteristics that can expand their industrial applications.