bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of canagliflozin compared to sitagliptin on cardiorespiratory fitness in type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: The CANA‐HF study
Authors: Carbone Salvatore , Billingsley Hayley E. , Canada Justin M. , Bressi Edoardo , Rotelli Brando , Kadariya Dinesh , Dixon Dave L. , Markley Roshanak , Trankle Cory R. , Cooke Richard , Rao Krishnasree , B. Shah Keyur , Medina de Chazal Horacio , Chiabrando Juan Guido , Vecchié Alessandra , Dell Megan , L. Mihalick Virginia , Bogaev Roberta , Hart Linda , Van Tassell Benjamin W. , Arena Ross , Celi Francesco S. , Abbate Antonio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCanagliflozin reduces hospitalizations for heart failure (HF) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Its effect on cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiac function in patients with established HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is unknown.MethodsWe conducted a double‐blind randomized controlled trial of canagliflozin 100 mg or sitagliptin 100 mg daily for 12 weeks in 88 patients, and measured peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2) slope (co‐primary endpoints for repeated measure ANOVA time_x_group interaction), lean peak VO2, ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT), cardiac function and quality of life (ie, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire [MLHFQ]), at baseline and 12‐week follow‐up.ResultsThe study was terminated early due to the new guidelines recommending canagliflozin over sitagliptin in HF: 17 patients were assigned to canagliflozin and 19 to sitagliptin, total of 36 patients. There were no significant changes in peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope between the two groups (P = .083 and P = .98, respectively). Canagliflozin improved lean peak VO2 (+2.4 mL kgLM−1 min−1, P = .036), VAT (+1.5 mL kg−1 min−1, P = .012) and VO2 matched for respiratory exchange ratio (+2.4 mL Kg−1 min−1, P = .002) compared to sitagliptin. Canagliflozin also reduced MLHFQ score (−12.1, P = .018).ConclusionsIn this small and short‐term study of patients with T2DM and HFrEF, interrupted early after only 36 patients, canagliflozin did not improve the primary endpoints of peak VO2 or VE/VCO2 slope compared to sitagliptin, while showing favourable trends observed on several additional surrogate endpoints such as lean peak VO2, VAT and quality of life.
Pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of 1P‐LSD in humans after oral and intravenous administration
Authors: Grumann Christina , Henkel Kerstin , Brandt Simon D. , Stratford Alexander , Passie Torsten , Auwärter Volker 
Published: May 2020

Abstract1‐Propanoyl‐lysergic acid diethylamide (1P‐LSD) appeared as a non‐controlled alternative to LSD a few years ago. Although evidence is beginning to emerge from in vitro and animal studies that 1P‐LSD might serve as a prodrug for LSD, an equivalent evaluation in humans is unavailable. Controlled oral and intravenous self‐administrations of 100 μg 1P‐LSD hemitartrate are reported in two human volunteers followed by analyses of urine and serum samples using a fully validated LC–MS/MS method. Psychometric evaluations included assessment of selected subjective drug effects and administration of the Five‐Dimensions of Altered States of Consciousness rating scale (5D‐ASC). In serum and urine, oral administrations of 1P‐LSD only led to the detection of LSD reflecting biphasic elimination with a terminal elimination half‐life of approx. t1/2 = 6.4 h. 1P‐LSD could be detected for only up to 4.16 h in serum and 2.7 h in urine following intravenous administration, whereas LSD was detected in all serum samples (last sampling after approx. 24 h) and up to 80 h in urine. LSD showed first order elimination kinetics with an approx. t1/2 = 5.7 h, whereas 1P‐LSD showed a rapid decrease in concentration within the first hour followed by a slower decrease, most probably due to hydrolysis. The bioavailability of LSD after oral ingestion of 1P‐LSD was close to 100%. The psychosensory effects of 1P‐LSD and their time course were comparable to those seen after uptake of LSD in other studies which further supports the prodrug hypothesis. The 5D‐ASC scores were higher after oral compared with intravenous administration of 1P‐LSD.
Synthesis and determination of analytical characteristics and differentiation of positional isomers in the series of N‐(2‐methoxybenzyl)‐2‐(dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine using chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Kupriyanova Olga V. , Shevyrin Vadim A. , Shafran Yuri M. , Lebedev Albert T. , Milyukov Vasili A. , Rusinov Vladimir L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractN‐(2‐Methoxybenzyl)‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenethylamines (NBOMes) are synthetic phenethylamine derivatives emerging on the global drug market and reported to be associated with untoward effects in people who use drugs. Its action involves agonism at serotonin 5‐HT2A receptors, affecting cognitive and behavioral processes. However, certain isomers of NBOMes may not show any psychoactive effects. They are not controlled by legislation and can be tested as pharmaceutical drugs. This study deals with the differentiation among positional isomers of 25H‐NBOMe differing in the position of the two methoxy groups in the phenylethyl moiety of the molecule, using chromatography–mass spectrometry methods. The gas chromatography analysis showed that the isothermal mode was more efficient than the usually applied temperature‐programming mode for the separation of the mentioned isomers. Electron ionization mass spectra of 25H‐NBOMe isomers were highly similar, often resulting in a high probability of erroneous identification. However, mass spectra of their trifluoroacetyl or pentafluoropropanoyl derivatives were easily identified as they contained fragments with many significant differences. The proposed analysis using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry could distinguish the isomers of 25H‐NBOMe without the need for any derivatization.
Changes in disordered eating behaviors over 10 or more years: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Romano Kelly A. , Heron Kristin E. , Amerson Rachel , Howard Lindsay M. , MacIntyre Rachel I. , Mason Tyler B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe present meta‐analysis evaluated changes in individuals' risk of engaging in distinct disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) in the long‐term.MethodLongitudinal studies assessing changes in DEBs via ≥2 assessments with a time lag of ≥10 years were included. Risk ratios were calculated for baseline to 10–14.9‐year (M = 11.04) follow‐up and baseline to ≥15‐year (M = 18.62) follow‐up changes in the use of binge eating, multiple purging, self‐induced vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, diet pills, compensatory exercising, fasting/dieting, and multiple DEBs; Cohen's d was used for continuous binge‐eating plus purging variable changes. Subgroup and meta‐regression analyses tested whether eating disorder (ED) clinical sample versus nonclinical sample status, female versus male sex/gender, higher versus lower study bias, and baseline mean age and body mass index influenced overall effect magnitude for analyses with sufficient data.ResultsSeventeen studies (26 [sub]samples) were included. Overall, individuals' risk of engaging in various restrictive eating and other compensatory behaviors decreased over time and the magnitudes of risk reductions for the use of certain compensatory DEBs were larger over longer follow‐up durations. Specifically, for significant DEB change models, risk reductions spanned from 20.0–39.8% for 10‐year follow‐up and 24.7–74.8% for ≥15‐year follow‐up. However, nuances were found in the nature of these DEB changes as a function of DEB type, follow‐up length, ED versus nonclinical sample composition, and baseline mean age.ConclusionsThese findings provide important information that can help identify treatment priorities and suggest that targeted and tailored preventative ED treatments warrant consistent implementation at the community‐level, particularly for youth.
Retracted: The associations among emotional factors, personality traits, and addiction‐like eating: A study on university students in six Asian countries/regions
Authors: Tang Catherine So‐kum , Gan Yiqun , Ko Jenny , Kwon Jung‐hyde , Wu Anise , Yan Elsie , Yogo Masao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveAddiction‐like eating (AE) is characterized by food cravings and loss of control over excessive food consumption. This study investigated the associations among emotional factors, personality traits, and AE symptoms in Asian young adults.MethodThis study included 6,823 Asian university students in South Korea, China, Singapore, Hong Kong/Macao, Japan, and Taiwan. Participants completed the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale (mYFAS) and scales on the Big‐Five personality traits, impulsivity, anxiety, and depression.Results6.2% of the participants met the mYFAS (DSM‐IV‐TR) food addiction diagnostic threshold. Participants from South Korea (7.9%) had the highest rate of food addiction, while participants from Japan (5.1%) and Taiwan (4.1%) reported the lowest rates. Emotional factors of anxiety and depression were the most robust correlates of AE symptoms, followed by country/region and personality factors of higher impulsivity, higher extraversion, and lower agreeableness. Personality correlates were region‐specific. Higher impulsivity was a significant correlate for participants from South Korea and Taiwan, higher extraversion for participants from Singapore and Japan, and lower agreeableness for participants from China and Taiwan. Gender was also a significant correlate for participants from South Korea, Hong Kong/Macao, and Taiwan.DiscussionEmotional and personality factors are important correlates of AE symptoms among Asian young adults.
Statistical analysis of manufacturer difference for miniature triode tube characteristics based on physical model parameters
Authors: Inui Masaki , Sasaki Reo , Hamasaki Toshihiko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe sound of the tube amp due to the harmonic distortion has been thought to depend not only on the vacuum tube type but also on the vacuum tube manufacturer and individual differences. However, quantitative differences in tube characteristics of the manufacturer have yet to be revealed. In this study, the characteristics of the triode 12 AX 7 of the five major manufacturers were analyzed based on statistical analysis of advanced physical model parameter sets. Tube characteristics were divided into three groups by cosine similarity and group clustering method. As a result, we succeeded for the first time quantitatively combining tube distortion characteristics and tube characteristics.
Input bias current reduction technique for operational amplifier in a standard CMOS technology
Authors: Chin Koken , Ohsawa Mamoru , Kitajima Atsushi , Arai Yoshiaki , Yamashita Jun , Ito Hisashi , San Hao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper presents input bias current (Ibias) reduction technique for high impedance CMOS op‐amps with the proposed current compensation circuit to deal with the leakage current caused by Electro‐Static Discharge (ESD) protection circuit of the IC. High input impedance CMOS op‐amps are widely used for the application of high precision sensors with quite small input current. However, the leakage current of ESD protection circuit for op‐amp causes a nonideality error of the Ibias. Especially, the ESD leakage current increases drastically at the high temperature environment, and hence the Ibias of CMOS op‐amp also increased significantly. An ESD leakage current compensation circuit is introduced to reduce the Ibias of CMOS op‐amp. The prototype amplifier with the proposed current compensation circuit is designed and fabricated in standard 0.7 µm CMOS technology. Measurement results show that the Ibias is reduced to a 100 pA or less from a typical 2.3 nA at 150°C.
Prevalence of admission plasma glucose in 'diabetes' or 'at risk' ranges in hospital emergencies with no prior diagnosis of diabetes by gender, age and ethnicity
Authors: Ghosh Sandip , Manley Susan E. , Nightingale Peter G. , Williams John A. , Susarla Radhika , Alonso‐Perez Irene , Stratton Irene M. , Gkoutos Georgios V. , Webber Jonathan , Luzio Stephen D. , Hanif Wasim , Roberts Graham A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsTo establish the prevalence of admission plasma glucose in 'diabetes' and 'at risk' ranges in emergency hospital admissions with no prior diagnosis of diabetes; characteristics of people with hyperglycaemia; and factors influencing glucose measurement.MethodsElectronic patient records for 113 097 hospital admissions over 1 year from 2014 to 2015 included 43 201 emergencies with glucose available for 31 927 (74%) admissions, comprising 22 045 people. Data are presented for 18 965 people with no prior diagnosis of diabetes and glucose available on first attendance.ResultsThree quarters (14 214) were White Europeans aged 62 (43‐78) years, median (IQ range); 12% (2241) South Asians 46 (32‐64) years; 9% (1726) Unknown/Other ethnicities 43 (29‐61) years; and 4% (784) Afro‐Caribbeans 49 (33‐63) years, P < .001. Overall, 5% (1003) had glucose in the 'diabetes' range (≥11.1 mmol/L) higher at 8% (175) for South Asians; 16% (3042) were ‘at risk’ (7.8‐11.0 mmol/L), that is 17% (2379) White Europeans, 15% (338) South Asians, 14% (236) Unknown/Others and 11% (89) Afro‐Caribbeans, P < .001. The prevalence for South Asians aged <30 years was 2.1% and 5.2%, respectively, 2.6% and 8.6% for Afro‐Caribbeans <30 years, and 2.0% and 8.4% for White Europeans <40 years. Glucose increased with age and was more often in the 'diabetes' range for South Asians than White Europeans with South Asian men particularly affected. One third of all emergency admissions were for <24 hours with 58% of these having glucose measured compared to 82% with duration >24 hours.ConclusionsHyperglycaemia was evident in 21% of adults admitted as an emergency; various aspects related to follow‐up and initial testing, age and ethnicity need to be considered by professional bodies addressing undiagnosed diabetes in hospital admissions.
Detecting British Columbia coastal rainfall patterns by clustering Gaussian processes
Authors: Paton F. , McNicholas P.D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFunctional data analysis is a statistical framework where data are assumed to follow some functional form. This method of analysis is commonly applied to time series data, where time, measured continuously or in discrete intervals, serves as the location for a function's value. Gaussian processes are a generalization of the multivariate normal distribution to function space and, in this article, they are used to shed light on coastal rainfall patterns in British Columbia (BC). Specifically, this work addressed the question over how one should carry out an exploratory cluster analysis for the BC, or any similar, coastal rainfall data. An approach is developed for clustering multiple processes observed on a comparable interval, based on how similar their underlying covariance kernel is. This approach provides interesting insights into the BC data, and these insights can be framed in terms of Pacific Ocean temperatures. From one perspective, the results show that clustering annual rainfall can potentially be used to identify extreme weather patterns.
Improvement of oxidative stability and textural properties of fermented sausage via addition of pistachio hull extract
Authors: Lashgari Seyede Saba , Noorolahi Zohre , Sahari Mohamad Ali , Ahmadi Gavlighi Hassan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pistachio hull extract (PHE) as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent for preservation of dry fermented sausages during fermentation and storage period. Sausages were prepared using starter culture (Biobak K) and treated with three levels of PHE (500, 750 and 1,000 ppm). The results showed that PHE at concentrations of 500 ppm and 750 ppm decreased significantly (p < .05) the TBARS content of the sausage samples compared to control (without PHE). Moreover, PHE increased L* and a* value of samples during fermentation period but did not affect the color of samples during storage period. The PHE was also able to improve the chewiness and gumminess of the fermented sausage. Evaluation of microbial properties (total viable count, yeast and molds, lactic acid bacteria, staphylococci and Enterobacteriaceae) also showed that antimicrobial activity of PHE in fermented sausage.
An automated machine learning approach to predict brain age from cortical anatomical measures
Authors: Dafflon Jessica , Pinaya Walter H. L. , Turkheimer Federico , Cole James H. , Leech Robert , Harris Mathew A. , Cox Simon R. , Whalley Heather C. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Hellyer Peter J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe use of machine learning (ML) algorithms has significantly increased in neuroscience. However, from the vast extent of possible ML algorithms, which one is the optimal model to predict the target variable? What are the hyperparameters for such a model? Given the plethora of possible answers to these questions, in the last years, automated ML (autoML) has been gaining attention. Here, we apply an autoML library called Tree‐based Pipeline Optimisation Tool (TPOT) which uses a tree‐based representation of ML pipelines and conducts a genetic programming‐based approach to find the model and its hyperparameters that more closely predicts the subject's true age. To explore autoML and evaluate its efficacy within neuroimaging data sets, we chose a problem that has been the focus of previous extensive study: brain age prediction. Without any prior knowledge, TPOT was able to scan through the model space and create pipelines that outperformed the state‐of‐the‐art accuracy for Freesurfer‐based models using only thickness and volume information for anatomical structure. In particular, we compared the performance of TPOT (mean absolute error [MAE]: 4.612 ± .124 years) and a relevance vector regression (MAE 5.474 ± .140 years). TPOT also suggested interesting combinations of models that do not match the current most used models for brain prediction but generalise well to unseen data. AutoML showed promising results as a data‐driven approach to find optimal models for neuroimaging applications.
Health insurance and self‐assessed health: New evidence from Affordable Care Act repeal fear
Authors: Li Xiaoxue , Stith Sarah S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSelf‐assessed health is one of the most commonly used health measures by economists. However, changes in self‐assessed health are not always accompanied by changes in physical health as measured by clinical outcomes. This study provides suggestive evidence that this discrepancy arises because self‐assessed health is significantly influenced by psychological factors. Specifically, when the perceived risk of Affordable Care Act (ACA) repeal increased, as documented by Google Trends data, self‐assessed health declined among low‐income childless adults living in states that expanded Medicaid under the ACA.
Managing care for patients with sinonasal and anterior skull base cancers during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Turri‐Zanoni Mario , Battaglia Paolo , Karligkiotis Apostolos , Locatelli Davide , Castelnuovo Paolo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic has rapidly transformed health care delivery around the globe. Because of the heavy impact of COVID‐19 spread, cancer treatments have necessarily been de‐prioritized, thus exposing patients to increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to delayed care. In this scenario, cancer specialists need to assess critical oncology patients case by case to carefully balance risk vs benefit in treating tumors and preventing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Here, we report early insights into how the management of patients with sinonasal and anterior skull base cancer might be affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic. We provide recommendations for preoperative tests, indications for immediate care vs possible delayed treatment, and warnings relating to dural resection and intracranial dissection, given the potential neurotropism of SARS‐CoV2 and practical suggestions for managing cancer care in a period of limited resources. We also postulate some thoughts on the promising role of telemedicine in multidisciplinary case discussions and posttreatment surveillance.
Considerations in the evaluation and management of oral potentially malignant disorders during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Shanti Rabie M. , Stoopler Eric T. , Weinstein Gregory S. , Newman Jason G. , Cannady Steven B. , Rajasekaran Karthik , Tanaka Takako I. , O'Malley Bert W. , Le Anh D. , Sollecito Thomas P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThe COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in society experiencing unprecedented challenges for health care practitioners and facilities serving at the frontlines of this pandemic. With regard to oral cancer, there is a complete absence of literature regarding the long‐term impact of pandemics on patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). The objective of this article is to put forth an institutional multidisciplinary approach for the evaluation and management of OPMDs.MethodsA multidisciplinary approach was put formalized within our institution to risk stratify patients based on need for in‐person assessment vs telehealth assessment during the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsWith judicious risk stratification of patients based on clinical features of their OPMD and with consideration of ongoing mitigation efforts and regional pandemic impact, providers are able to safely care for their patients.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic has required health care practitioners to make novel decisions that are new to us with development of creative pathways of care that focused on patient safety, mitigation efforts, and clinical management of disease processes. The care of patients with OPMDs requires special considerations especially as patients at high risk for severe COVID‐19 illness are also higher risk for the development of OPMDs.
Coronavirus (COVID‐19): Patient experience—Administrative services on the frontline during crisis
Authors: Overton Judy , Denton Kathy , Frumovitz Michael , Lewis Carol , Christensen Sarah , Bezerra Jaymesson , Hernandez Chris , Walker Michele S. , Finder Janice P. , Proske Ashlyn A. , Jain Sanchita , Whipple Julai , Martinez Wendi L. , Eska Jarrod S. , Sutherland Elizabeth W. , Triche Lisa L. , Garcia Elizabeth A. , Weber Randal S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on care delivery among health care institutions and providers in the United States. As a categorical cancer center, MD Anderson has prioritized care for our patients based on acuity of their disease. We continue to implement measures to protect patients and employees from acquiring the infection within our facilities, and to provide acute management of cancer patients with concomitant COVID‐19 infections who are considered at high risk of death. The Division of Patient Experience, formerly established in October 2016, has played an integral role in the institution's pandemic response from its inception. The team actively supported programs and processes in anticipation of the pandemic's effect on our patients and employees. We will describe how the team continues to serve in the ever‐dynamic environment as we approach the expected surge in COVID‐19 cases among our patient population, our employees, and in our community.