bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case of Severe Puffer Fish Poisoning: The Best Time to Establish Artificial Airway
Authors: Zhu Siqi , Yang Ying , Fan Zhao , Zhou Qidi , Fan Xiaoran 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Puffer fish poisoning is one of the main causes of death from food poisoning in China. Currently, there is still no effective treatment method. The establishment of artificial airway and early implementation of mechanical ventilation are crucial to the prognosis of patients, but the optimal time is still not clear. Case Presentation A 62-year-old male patient complained of ‘numbness around the mouth for 3 hours after eating puffer fish’ was admitted to the emergency department, he was performed gastric lavage in time, but did not be performed protective endotracheal intubation.His condition worsen rapidly and respiratory and cardiac arrest was quickly occurred.He received aggressive treatment in the ICU, but still did not regain spontaneous breathing. Conclusion The establishment of artificial airway and early implementation of mechanical ventilation are crucial for the prognosis of patients,and we provide possible principles for performing endotracheal intubation.
Adherence to quarterly HIV prevention services and its impact on HIV incidence in men who have sex with men in West Africa (CohMSM ANRS 12324 – Expertise France)
Authors: DAH Ter Tiero Elias , Yaya Issifou , Sagaon-Teyssier Luis , Coulibaly Alou , Kouamé Malan Jean-Baptiste , Agboyibor Mawuényégan Kouamivi , Maiga Kader , Traoré Issa , Mora Marion , Palvadeau Paméla , Rojas-Castro Daniela , Diallo Fodié , Mensah Ephrem , Anoma Camille , Keita Bintou Dembélé , Spire Bruno , Laurent Christian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAccess to tailored HIV prevention services remains limited for West African MSM. We assessed adherence to quarterly HIV prevention services and its impact on HIV incidence in MSM followed up in four cities in Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, and Togo.MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort study between 2015 and 2018. HIV-negative MSM aged over 18 benefited from quarterly medical visits which included a clinical examination, HIV testing, screening and treatment for other sexually transmitted infections, peer-led counselling and support, and the provision of condoms and lubricants. Determinants of adherence to quarterly follow-up visits and incident HIV infections were identified using generalized estimating equation models and Cox proportional hazard models, respectively.Results618 MSM were followed up for a median time of 20.0 months (interquartile range 15.2–26.3). Overall adherence to quarterly follow-up visits was 76.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 75.1–77.8), ranging from 66.8% in Abidjan to 87.3% in Lomé (p < 0.001). 78 incident HIV infections occurred during a total follow-up time of 780.8 person-years, giving an overall incidence of 10.0 per 100 person-years (95% CI 8.0-12.5). Adherence to quarterly follow-up visits was not associated with the risk of incident HIV infection (adjusted hazard ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.51–1.67, p = 0.791).ConclusionsStrengthening HIV prevention services among MSM in West Africa, including the use of PrEP, will be critical for controlling the epidemic, not only in this key population but also in the general population. Quarterly follow-up of MSM, which is essential for PrEP delivery, appears feasible.ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02626286 (December 10, 2015)https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=NCT02626286
Personal Health Perceptions as Predictors to Medication Adherence in a Prospective Cohort Study Among Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Neter Efrat , Glass-Marmor Lea , Wolkowitz Anat , Lavi Idit , Miller Ariel 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Though adherence to disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) among persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) varies and is often below 80%, only few prospective studies on adherence examined predictors beyond demographic and clinical characteristics. Objectives: Identify antecedents to adherence and persistence in a prospective design among PwMS.Methods: PwMS (n=186) were prospectively assessed at three time points: baseline, 6 and 12 months later. Clinical, demographic information and patient-reported medication beliefs, illness perceptions, medication habits, perceived health and affect were assessed. Adherence and persistence were assessed by a combination of self-reports and retrospective review of medication claims. Findings: PwMS were 69.9% (Time 1) and 71% (Time 2) adherent to their DMTs and 64.5.9% were persistent. Beliefs about Medications were consistently predictive at both time points (baseline to Time 1 and Time 1 to Time 2) of medication adherence and persistence whereas other perceptions were predictive at some analyses; clinical and demographic characteristic were mostly not predictive of adherence nor persistence. The prospective association of beliefs about medication with adherence held also in multivariate analyses.Conclusions: Adherence and persistence are predicted by medication beliefs of PwMS. As medication beliefs are modifiable, they should be assessed periodically and targeted as a focus of tailored interventions aimed to improve adherence and consequently health outcomes in PwMS.
Classification and Generation of Microscopy Images With Plasmodium Falciparum Via Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Ramarolahy Rija Tonny Christian , Gyasi Esther Opoku , Crimi Alessandro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Recent studies use machine-learning techniques to detect parasites in microscopy images automatically. However, these tools are trained and tested in specific datasets. Indeed, even if over-fitting is avoided during the improvements of computer vision applications, large differences are expected. Differences might be related to settings of camera (exposure, white balance settings, etc) and different blood film slides preparation. Moreover, generative adversial networks offer new opportunities in microscopy: data homogenization, and increase of images in case of imbalanced or small sample size. Methods: Taking into consideration all those aspects, in this paper, we describe a more complete view including both detection and generating synthetic images: i) an automated detection used to detect malaria parasites on stained blood smear images using machine learning techniques testing several datasets. ii) investigate transfer learning and further testing in different unseen datasets having different staining, microscope, resolution, etc. iii) a generative approach to create synthetic images which can deceive experts. Results: The tested architecture achieved 0.98 and 0.95 area under the ROC curve in classifying images with respectively thin and thick smear. Moreover, the generated images proved to be very similar to the original and difficult to be distinguished by an expert microscopist, which identified correcly the real data for one dataset but had 50\% misclassification for another dataset of images. Conclusion: The proposed deep-learning architecture performed well on a classification task for malaria parasites classification. The automated detection for malaria can help the technician to reduce their work and do not need any presence of experts. Moreover, generative networks can also be applied to blood smear images to generate useful images for microscopists. Opening new ways to data augmentation, translation and homogenization.
Socio-economic Variable of Parents as a Correlate Promoting Teenage Pregnancy Among Medical Students in Delta State University, Abraka
Authors: Nwogueze Bartholomew Chukwuebuka , Ovuakporaye Simon Irikefe , Daubry Tarela Elias M , Nnama Tochukwu Nnamdi , Ossai Richard Nduka , Nwogueze Jane-Francis Onyinye 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose: The incidence of teenage pregnancy has attracted global concern due to its impact on the teen’s maternal health, the overall wellbeing of the child and the society at large. This study examined socio-economic variable of parents as a correlate promoting teenage pregnancy among medical students in Delta State University, Abraka Delta State. Methods: The Ex-Post Facto method was chosen as the research design for the study. 294 female medical students were selected from a total of 982 students from the medical college using simple random sampling technique. The instruments used for data collection was a self-structured and well-designed questionnaire containing 25 multiple choice items based on the research questions developed in the study. 278 questionnaires were successful retrieved from the field and was used for data analysis. Frequency count, percentages, mean score and Pearson product moment correlation were employed as the statistical technique for data analysis. SPSS version 21.0 was utilized for data analysis. Results: Findings from this study revealed that parental income (p=0.003) and occupation (p=0.005) were the viable parents’ socio-economic variable promoting teenage pregnancy among medical students in Delta State University, Abraka when compared to educational background (p=0.343), religion (p=0.307) and marital status (p=0.053) variables that were not significantly related. Conclusions: It appears that significant number of adolescent female students who become pregnant has to leave school and this have a long-term implication for them as individual, their family and their community. Therefore, effective parent-daughter relationships and school-based reproductive health education programmes are strongly recommended.
Behavioral factors associated with utilization of outpatient services among elderly in Pakistan: evidence from a nationally representative survey
Authors: Naz Lubna , Ghimire Umesh , Zainab Abida 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIn Pakistan, health system is facing unprecedented challenges to deal with the healthcare demand of the growing ageing population. Using conceptual framework, this study analyzes the factors associated with outpatient services utilization by the elderly population Methods This study used a sample of 5,319 individuals aged 60 and above extracted from the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey 2014-15. We modified the Anderson’s Behavioral model to accommodate available information on the elderly healthcare utilization. The behavioral factors, including predisposing, enabling and need factors, associated with the use of outpatient service were analyzed using exploratory data analysis and binary logistic regressions. The utilization of outpatient service in the study refers to the visits to private and government hospitals.ResultsOut of total 5,319 participants, 72.4% of participants visited outpatient services in private hospitals for their healthcare needs. Multivariate analysis showed that older age-group (80 years and above) and participants from urban were 35% and 53% times more likely to visit outpatient services in private hospitals, respectively. The elderly persons from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were three times (AOR: 3.29, CI 2.5-4.8) more likely to visit government hospitals than their peers in Punjab. Participants who attended school (AOR: 1.21, CI 0.82-1.31) were more likely to utilize outpatient service in private hospitals. Elders from rich (AOR: 1.04, CI 0.84-1.13) and richest (AOR: 1.29, CI 0.89-1.87) wealth quintiles were more likely to visit private hospitals. The likelihood of the utilization of outpatient service in private hospitals increased by 17% with the increase in the frequency of consultation by three times and more.ConclusionsOur findings underscore a dire need for expanding the outreach of healthcare services, particularly government hospital facilities, for the elderly population. Moreover, the knowledge generated through this research may be employed to make particular behavioral interventions in areas, such as, age, caregiving for elderly living without spouse, poor, and elderly without social security or pension, and education.
Geriatric scores as single-handed tools in the risk of 30-day mortality after hip fracture
Authors: Casa Carmen da , Pablos-Hernández Carmen , González-Ramírez Alfonso , Blanco Juan F 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

The 30-day mortality rate after hip fracture surgery has been considered as an indirect indicator of the quality of care. This work aims to validate the Barthel Index, Katz Index, Lawton-Brody Index, and Physical Red Cross Scale analyzed in the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment at admission as predictors of 30-day mortality after hip fracture surgery.
Methods

Prospective study including 899 hip fracture patients over 65. Bed-ridden, non- surgically treated patients, and high energy trauma or tumoral etiology fractures were excluded. Variables distribution were assessed by χ2, and we performed binary logistic regression for risk assessment. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results

We noted a 30-day mortality rate of 5.9%. We related Barthel Index (OR = 0.986 [0.975–0.996], p = 0.010), Katz Index (OR per point = 1.254 [1.089–1.444], p = 0.002), Lawton-Brody Index (OR = 0.885 [0.788–0.992], p = 0.037), and Physical Red Cross Scale (OR = 1.483 [1.094–2.011], p = 0.011) with the 30-day mortality of patients after hip fracture surgery. We also validate the Barthel Index inflection point (0–55) (ORBI(0−55) = 2.428 [1.379–4.275], p = 0.002) and Katz Index inflection point (A-B) (ORKI(A−B) = 0.493 [0.273–0.891], p = 0.019) for the assessment of the highest risked patients.
Conclusions

The geriatric scores would be useful multifunctional tools in the assessment of hip fracture patients as singly predictors of 30-day mortality.
Optimization of Orbital Retraction During Endoscopic Transorbital Approach: Quantitative Measurement of Intraocular Pressure - SevEN 006
Authors: Kim Woo Hyun , Moon Ju Hyung , Kim Eui Hyun , Han Ji Sang , Hong Chang Ki , Hong Je Beom 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Increased utilization of transorbital approach (TOA) necessitates study of the risk of increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and intraorbital pressure (IORP) due to orbital compression. We aimed to investigate the changes in IOP and IORP in response to orbital retraction in TOA and establish a method for continuous measurement of intraoperative IORP.Methods: We investigated nine patients who underwent TOA surgery from January 2017 to December 2019, and five cadavers. IORP and IOP were measured using a cannula needle monitor, tonometer, cuff manometer, and micro strain gauge monitor.Results: In all nine clinical cases and five cadavers, increased physical compression of the orbit increased the IOP and IORP in curvilinear pattern. In clinical cases, when the orbit was compressed 1.5 cm from the lateral margin in the sagittal plane, mean IOP and IORP levels were measured at 25.4±5.2 mmHg and 14±9.2 mmH2O, respectively. The IORP reflected the IOP satisfactorily (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.824, p<0.001).Conclusion: We measured IOP and IORP simultaneously during orbital compression offering the basic information of the pressure change. In clinical cases, we found that the change in IOP can be monitored conveniently and noninvasively using continuous IORP measurement.
Glyburide Attenuates B(a)p and LPS-Induced Inflammation-Related Lung Tumorigenesis in Mice
Authors: Li Mengyuan , Liu Hong , Shao Hua , Zhang Peng , Gao Min , Huang Li , Shang Pingping , Zhang Qiao , Wang Wei , Wang Jing , Feng Feifei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Glyburide (Gly) serves as inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome, which is also one of the most common medication used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Although accumulating evidences suggest that Gly could affect cancer risk and tumor growth, the role of chronic Gly treatment in lung tumorigenesis remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated whether Gly inhibited the occurrence of lung cancer and explored the possible mechanisms in the non-diabetes mice model of inflammation-related lung cancer induced by benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)p] plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods: The C57BL/6J mice exposed to B(a)p (1mg/mouse, once a week for 4 times) and 3 weeks later instilled intratracheally with LPS (2.5μg/mouse, once every three weeks for 5 times), and the Gly was administered by gavage (at a dose of 10μl/g body weight) one week before the mice exposed to B(a)p until the animal model finished (the week of the first time of Gly treatment named Week 0). At week 34, we analyzed the incidence, number and histopathology of lung tumors, and detected the expression of NLRP3, IL-1β and Cleaved-IL-1β protein.Results: Vehicles and tricaprylin+Gly could not induce lung tumorigenesis in the whole process. The incidence and the mean tumor count of mice in B(a)P/LPS+Gly group was decreased compared to those in B(a)p plus LPS group respectively. Histopathological examination found that Gly-treatment alleviated inflammatory changes compared with mice exposed to B(a)p plus LPS and revealed a reduction of the number of pathological tumor nest in the B(a)P/LPS+Gly group compared to the B(a)p plus LPS group. The expression of NLRP3, IL-1β and Cleaved-IL-1β protein was significantly increased in B(a)p plus LPS group compared to Vehicle control group, but decreased in B(a)P/LPS+Gly(0.96mg/kg) group compared to B(a)p plus LPS group.Conclusions: Glyburide might inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome to attenuate B(a)p plus LPS-induced inflammation-related lung tumorigenesis in non-diabetes mice.
Heteronormativity in Schools is Associated with Unhealthy Weight-Control Behaviors in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth: A Multilevel Analysis.
Authors: Santos Carolina da Franca Bandeira Ferreira , Godoy Fabiana , Menezes Valdenice , Colares Viviane , Zarzar Patrícia , Ferreira Raquel , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous studies found that a school climate of more heteronormativity is associated with adverse effects on the mental health of LGB students. Accordingly, our aim was to assess the association between low LGB visibility in schools and unhealthy weight-control behaviors among LGB youth. Methods: Cross-sectional, multilevel study based in public high schools in the city of Olinda, Northeast Brazil. A multilevel logistic regression was performed, including 2,500 adolescents enrolled in 27 schools. The contextual variable was the prevalence of LGB youth in each school (as a proxy for heteronormativity in schools) while the outcome was unhealthy weight-control behaviors (fasting, purging, and taking diet pills). We controlled for socioeconomic characteristics (age, gender, receiving a family allowance), obesity, and self-reported happiness. Results: Low LGB visibility in schools was associated with higher odds of engaging in unhealthy weight-control behaviors (OR: 1.5, 95%CI: 1.0, 2.2) among all youth, regardless of sexual orientation. Among LGB youth, there was some suggestion that the association between LGB visibility and unhealthy weight control behaviors was mediated by experiences of victimization and self-perceptions of unhappiness.Conclusion: A school environment of low LGB visibility was associated with unhealthy weight-control behaviors in youth.
HDAC6 Inhibitor WT161 Performs Antitumor Effect on Ostersarcoma and Synergistically Interacts with 5-FU
Authors: Sun Jun , Tang Xiaofeng , Zhang Feifei , Ju Cheng , Liu Renfeng , Liang Yiping , Yu Bo , Lv Bin , Guo Yuhong , Zeng Duo , Wang Min , Zhang Zhiping , Zhang Changhua , Lv Xiao-Bin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: WT161 as a new selective HDAC6 inhibitor has been shown to play anti-tumor effects on multiple myeloma and breast cancer. However, the role of WT161 in osteosarcoma remains unclear. The aim of this study is to explore the role of WT161 in osteosarcoma and its underlying mechanisms.Methods: The anti-proliferative effect of WT161 on osteosarcoma cells was examined using MTT assay and colony formation assay. Cell apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometer. The synergistic effect was evaluated by isobologram analysis using CompuSyn software. The osteosarcoma xenograft models were esatablished to evaluate the anti-proliferative effect of WT161 in vivo.Results: WT161 suppressed the cell growth and induced apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we found that WT161 treatment obviously increased the protein expression level of PTEN and decreased the phosphorylation level of AKT. Notably, WT161 shows synergistically inhibitory effects on osteosarcoma cell combined with 5-FU. Animal experiment results show WT161 inhibits the growth of osteosarcoma tumor and further illustrates that WT161 and 5-FU have a synergistic efficiency in osteosarcoma.Conclusions: These results indicate that WT161 inhibiting the growth of osteosarcoma through PTEN and has a synergistic efficiency with 5-FU.
Algorithm for Program of the Vertical Thermo-siphon Re-boiler
Authors: Ketin Sonja , JOVICIC Aleksandar , ANDREJIC Marko 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Paper will present algorithm for program and estimation of the vertical thermo-siphon re-boiler, using the FORTRAN77 programming language that is based on the method of Sarm and al. Unlike previously proposed approaches and the literature this method in the estimation of the pressure drop in pipes apparatus, takes into account the mechanism of the two-phase flow. The results of the program are analyzed in detail and discussed in the exploitation of real examples.
Role of Open Cerclage Wires Used in Patients with Comminuted Fractures of Femoral Shaft Treated with Intramedullary Nails
Authors: Wang Tzu-Hao , Chuang Hao-Chun , Kuan Fa-Chuan , Hong Chih-Kai , Yeh Ming-Long , Su Wei-Ren , Hsu Kai-Lan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
IntroductionThe role of open cerclage wiring in comminuted femoral shaft fracture treatment with intramedullary nails remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the effect of open cerclage wiring and the risk factors for nonunion after interlocking nailing in comminuted femoral shaft fracture treatment. We hypothesize that open cerclage wiring is applicable to patients with severe comminuted femoral shaft fractures without affecting bone healing.Patients and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used data of consecutive patients who underwent interlocking nail fixation of a comminuted femoral shaft fracture between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2016. First, eligible patients were divided into wire and no wire groups according to the surgical technique used and their union rate was recorded. The patients were then divided into union and nonunion groups and their perioperative data were analyzed.ResultsIn total, 71 comminuted femoral shaft fractures treated with interlocking nail fixation were included: 38 fractures (53.5%) augmented with the open wiring technique and 33 reduced with closed or mini–open wound without wiring. The wire group demonstrated significant improvements in fracture reduction compared with the no wire group, whereas no significant difference was observed in the union rate between the wire and no wire groups (p = 0.180). Moreover, 46 (65%) of 71 fractures united smoothly, and no significant difference was observed in any perioperative data between union and nonunion groups.DiscussionAugmented open cerclage wiring is indicated for comminuted femoral shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nails, even when the fragments are large or far displaced. Thus, open cerclage wiring can be used for fracture treatment, without decreasing the union rate.