bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concept analysis of loneliness in older adults: A hybrid model
Authors: Bandari Razieh , Shahboulaghi Farahnaz Mohammadi , Khankeh Hamid Reza , Ebadi Abbas , Montazeri Ali 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Loneliness is an ontological structure in human existence that can occur in all stages of life. The purpose of this qualitative study was to clarify the meaning and the nature of loneliness in Iranian older adults.Methods: Loneliness in older adults was examined in three phases: (1) the theoretical phase; (2) the fieldwork and (3) the analytical phase. The hybrid concept analysis method was performed to explore the data and synthesis the findings on three key issues including attributes, antecedents, and consequences. Finally, a working definition was synthesized.Results: The critical attributes of loneliness included a variety of topics including suffering, and feeling of worthlessness. Antecedents included distal and proximal factors. The consequences of loneliness in most instances were negative and disturbing. The final definition originated from the theoretical phase and fieldwork was as follows: ‘loneliness is an unpleasant, negative, annoying, hard, scary and painful personal experience that causes feeling of despair, uselessness, hopelessness, depression, anxiety and seeing the world in black’.Conclusion: The findings from this study introduce a new definition for loneliness that includes a combination of attributes, antecedents and consequences for the concept.
Fatal outcome in a COVID-19 patient despite IL 6 blockage in cytokine storm
Authors: Bovet Michael , Wadsack Daniel , Kosely Florentina , Zink Wolfgang , Zahn Ralf 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A 59 year old male patient was admitted to our hospital diagnosed with COVID-19 associated pneumonia. Upfront treatment with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was started. Because of clinical deterioration with ARDS, circulatory shock and increased hyperinflammatory markers six days later, a cytokine storm rose to the top of differential diagnosis and off-label treatment with IL 6 receptor antagonist Tocilizumab was initiated. Subsequently we observed a dramatic rise of D-dimers indicating coagulopathy. Perimyocarditis with severe cardiac arrhythmia occurred after a second dose was administered. Later the patient died due to multi organ failure. Exacerbation of cytokine storm following treatment with Tocilizumab could not be ruled out, despite a hitherto unreported relationship with COVID-19.
Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation to a Child with End Stage Heart Failure In The Novel Coronavirus Pandemic Period
Authors: Özer Tanıl , Günay Deniz , Aksüt Mehmet , Altaş Özge , Gürcü Emre , Kırali Kaan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
At the end of the 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) appeared in Wuhan, China and spread rapidly to all over the world. Then, the attentions of almost all health care providers have shifted to this health emergency situation which is identified as pandemic. The novel coronavirus pandemic has impacted the physicians at the all field of medicine not to perform their routine treatment practice. Since it is not clear when this situation will end, there is still debate about how to manage the treatment strategies for the patients who have end stage heart failure such another life threatening illness. The aim of this case presentation is to create a consideration about timing of left ventricular assist device implantations during novel coronavirus pandemic period.
Results of simulation of performance indicators for the oncological service when introducing innovative technologies for treatment of stage IV lung cancer
Authors: Sterlikov S. A. , Zelenova O. V. , Аbramov S. I. , Danilov V. M. , Mikhaylova Yu. V. , Golubev N. A. 
Published: May 2020

Malignant tumors of the trachea, bronchi, lungs represent a serious medical and social problem. Most cases of cancer of the trachea, bronchus, and lung are detected at stage IV, and therefore, to improve the survival of patients, a new treatment strategy is proposed based on modern data on mutagenesis and receptor status of tumor cells, which has a personalized approach for each specific case. To make managerial decisions about the introduction of innovative drugs, a forecast of expected results is required which should be improved indicators of the State Program On Healthcare Development. It has been found out that the transition to a new strategy for lung cancer chemotherapy will reduce mortality from malignant tumors by 1.2-0.7%, including lung cancer by 3.9%, as well as one-year case fatality by 3% for all malignant tumors, including 15% for lung cancer. At the same time, within 5 years after the introduction of the new strategy for lung cancer treatment, the indicator reflecting the proportion of patients with malignant tumors registered for 5 years or more is expected to decrease, which is related to specific parameters of the calculation method.The authors state that they have no conflict of interests.
Recombinant in vitro test T-SPOT.TB as a screening method for early diagnosis of tuberculosis infection
Authors: Eremenko E. P. , Borodulina E. A. , Sergeeva I. A. , Kudlay D. A. , Borodulin B. E. 
Published: May 2020

In addition to standard skin tests (Mantoux test with 2 TU PPD-L and diaskintest) for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, in vitro tests are used. One of these tests is T-SPOT.TB being more widely used in recent years.The objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of T-SPOT.TB test for early detection of tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents in Samara Region.Subjects and methods. From 2016 to 2019, results of T-SPOT.TB tests performed in 596 children aged 2 to 17 years inclusive were analyzed; those children had no immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis infection using skin tests since their parents refused to have it.Results. It was found out that the major reason for refusing skin tests was the “fear” of visiting a TB dispensary if the result had been positive — 38.43% (n = 229). The latent tuberculosis infection according to the results of T-SPOT.TB among children with concomitant pathology made 2.6%, among healthy children – 0.7%.Conclusion. T-SPOT.TB test may be used as an alternative method for diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, should the parent refuse to have skin tests. In children with concomitant pathology, T-SPOT.TB test can serve as a leading method for immunodiagnosis of tuberculosis.The authors state that they have no conflict of interests.
Q-wave myocardial infarction of lower left ventricular in a female patient in the early postoperative period after lung resection due to tuberculoma
Authors: Dobin V. L. , Nikolaev A. N. , Аrkhipochkina N. A. , Muravieva M. A. , Kryukova L. M. 
Published: May 2020

The article presents a clinical case of myocardial infarction in the early postoperative period after lung resection due to tuberculosis in a 51-year-old patient; clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management tactics and successful treatment are described. In 24 hours after the diagnosis was made, the patient underwent emergency stenting of the right coronary artery in the cardiologic dispensary.The authors state that they have no conflict of interests.
Detection and quantification of clinically relevant plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase genes in aquatic systems
Authors: Coertze R. D. , Bezuidenhout C. C. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The extent and impact of plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase genes (pAmpCs) prevalence in aquatic environments is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to detect and quantify pAmpCs from the aquatic environment. The following pAmpCs were analysed with clinical TaqMan assays from isolated plasmids: ACC, ACT/MIR, BIL/LAT/CMY, DHA, FOX and MOX/CMY. Quantification was conducted using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and 3D chip-based digital PCR. The results of qPCR yielded 4,875.27 copies/ng DNA and dPCR, 1,640.58 copies/ng (Mann–Whitney U Test, p= 0.868). Redundancy analysis indicated that land coverage explains 90.49% (ANOVA, p= 0.601) of pAmpC variance. There was a correlation between the frequency and quantities of pAmpCs detected in each river and this could be related to anthropogenic influence. Frequencies of detection for pAmpCs were 25/36 for the Crocodile West River and 13/36 for the Marico River. Quantification resulted in higher copy numbers for the Crocodile West River and high copies in only two sites of the Marico River, thus reflecting degrees of anthropogenic influences on both rivers. The presence of these clinically relevant pAmpCs in aquatic systems are cause for concern, considering their potential impact if these genes are harboured by pathogens and become dispersed to human populations.
Statistical analysis of sewer odour based on 10-year complaint data
Authors: Pan Gang , Wang Bao , Guo Shuai , Zhang Wenming , Edwini-Bonsu Stephen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The City of Edmonton has been suffering from sewer odour problem for many years. Ten years of odour complaints data from 2008 to 2017 were statistically analyzed to identify major factors that relate to the odour problem. Spatial and temporal distributions of odour complaints in the city were first presented. Then relationships between the complaints and physical attributes of the sewer systems were analyzed by introducing a parameter of risk index. It was found that the snowmelt and storm events could possibly reduce odour complaints. Old sewer pipes and large drop structures are statistically more linked and thus significantly contribute to the complaints. The risk index relationship for three pipe materials is clay pipe &gt; concrete pipe &gt; PVC pipe. Combined sewers are more problematic in terms of odour complaints than sanitary sewers. And no clear correlation has been found between the changes of sewer pipe slope or angle and the complaints.
Pharmacological Effects of Saffron and its Constituents in Ocular Disorders from in vitro Studies to Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sepahi Samaneh , Ghorani-Azam Adel , Hossieni Seyedeh M. , Mohajeri Seyed A. , Khodaverdi Elham 
Published: May 2020

Introduction:
Some medicinal plants have shown promising therapeutic potential for the
management of the diseases. We aimed to systematically review the literature wherein the therapeutic
effects of saffron have been studied on eye disorders.

Methods:
A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google
scholar and other databases using eye disorders and saffron as key terms. No strict inclusion
criteria were defined, and almost all clinical studies, as well as in vivo and in vitro studies were
included. The reported data in each study were extracted and then qualitatively described.

Results:
Finally, 78 articles were found but only 29 relevant articles were included. Nine articles
were clinical trials and 20 articles were studies conducted on cellular and molecular aspects of saffron
on eye disorders. According to the included studies, crocin prevented the pro-inflammatory
response in retinal cells and decreased glucose levels in diabetic mice. Also, crocetin prevented
retinal degeneration and saffron protected photoreceptors from light-induced damage in retinal
cells. Saffron also improved visual function in age-related macular edema and decreased intraocular
pressure in patients with glaucoma. In addition, it was shown that crocin can improve best corrected
visual acuity and decrease central macular thickness in patients with diabetic maculopathy.

Conclusion:
The results of this review indicated that saffron and its main ingredients such as crocin
could be a potential candidate for the treatment of ocular disease especially eye inflammation; however,
further clinical studies are needed to confirm such efficiency.
Synthesis and Antimycobacterial Activity of 3-(Arylaminomethyl)-5- (Pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-Oxadiazole-(3H)-thi-2-One Derivatives Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37rv Strain
Authors: Asif Mohammad , Imran Mohd 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Oxadiazole derivatives are the biologically active hetrocyclic
compounds. So we synthesized a series of Mannich bases, 3-(arylaminomethyl)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-
1,3,4-oxadiazole-(3H)-thi-2-one derivatives (3a-3g) were synthesized from Isoniazid [INH (1)],
a first line antimycobacterial drug and these compounds were evaluated as antimycobacterial
agents.

Methods:
The INH was reacted with potassium hydroxide and carbon disulfide to give 5-(pyridin-
4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione (2), followed by reacting compound 2 with appropriate aromatic
amines in the presence of formaldehyde to obtain desired compounds (3a-3g). The structures
of these compounds have been established by IR, 1H-NMR, Mass spectral and elemental analysis.
These synthesized compounds (3a-3g) were evaluated for their antimycobacterial activity against
M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain.

Results:
All the synthesized compounds (3a-3g) were exhibited antimycobacterial activity and
compared to reference drugs Streptomycin (MIC value of 6.25μg/mL), INH (MIC value of
3.125μg/mL) and pyrizinamide (MIC value of 3.125μg/mL). Compounds 3c and 3e were
exhibited most promising antimycobacterial activity.

Conclusion:
All the title compounds were synthesized, characterized and exhibited promising
antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain.
Synthesis and Stability of Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs) Photocatalysts for the Removal of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) from Wastewater
Authors: Mukhtar Ahmad , Ullah Sami , Al‐Sehemi Abdullah G. , Assiri Mohammed A. , Saqib Sidra , Amen Rabia , Babar Muhammad , Bustam Mohamad A. , Ahmad Tausif 
Published: May 2020

Background:
The removal of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from the contaminated
water by employing photocatalytic adsorption is considered as one of the most emerging technologies
due to its’ cost- and energy-effectiveness. It has attracted significant attention of global researchers
to process the world’s wastewater.

Methods:
Among different adsorbents, the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have demonstrated
remarkable potential and a bright future perspective in the photocatalytic-based adsorptive removal
of POPs from wastewater. This review deals with the introduction of MOFs and contaminations in
wastewater, followed by the synthesis method for MOFs and their properties. The review is extended
to the review of mechanisms for the photocatalytic adsorption along with the recent progress in removal
of persistent toxic substances, pesticides, herbicides, phenols, and antibiotics. Furthermore,
the future challenges in this promising area are also discussed.

Results:
Much research work has been done in the area of photocatalytic adsorptive removal of the
POPs using the MOFs due to their significant structural and texture properties. Substantial research
efforts have been carried out to functionalize the MOFs in order to improve their adsorption potential.
Overall, this review demonstrated that the MOFs could be applied successfully for the photocatalytic
adsorptive removal of the POPs from contaminated water.

Conclusion:
Despite the bright future perspective of the MOFs, there are some issues that need to be
accounted for: The development of MOFs with redox-active metals and/or organic functionalized
ligands, MOFs application for the photocatalytic adsorptive removal of the gaseous contaminants, indepth
understanding of the mechanism of the photocatalytic adsorptive removal of the POPs, and the
application of the MOFs for photocatalytic adsorptive removal of the POPs in real environmental
conditions. The fast development of the MOFs in the recent era indicates a bright future perspective
in spite of the challenges in this area.
In Silico Model for Predicting CYP2D6-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions
Authors: Lozano Roberto , Frutos Alberto , Martinez Alejandro 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Successful integration of in vitro into in vivo data on Drug-Drug Interaction
(DDI) is dependent on the inhibitory concentration used. Obtaining plasma concentration of a
drug is only readily available for a small number of drugs in clinical practice. We propose the use of
a therapeutic range as a substitute for inhibitory concentration.

Objective:
Because of this, we aimed to construct a linear-regression model based on the areaunder-
curve of the victim drugs and the therapeutic range for a set of known inhibitors of the
CYP2D6 of interest.

Methods:
Correlation analysis of linear log-log regression of two main variables: The Area-Under-
Curve ratio (AUCr) of the victim drugs and the therapeutic range-to-inhibition constant ratio, with
data obtained from literature.

Results:
Data were fitted to linear log-log regression, between the average of AUCr values and
mean value of therapeutic range-to-inhibition constant ratio (TRm-to-Ki), of the inhibitory drugs.

Conclusions:
According to our results, knowledge of the inhibition constant and therapeutic range
(or its plasma levels if disponible) of the inhibitor would be sufficient to determine the intensity and
clinical relevance of a CYP2D6-mediated DDI.
USE OF SIMPLEX LATTICE DESIGN IN DEVELOPMENT OF ORAL SELF-NANOEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM CONTAINING ROSUVASTATIN CALCIUM
Authors: OZA NISHANT , SAGAR SWATI , KHODAKIYA AKRUTI 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The aim of the present work was to enhance the solubility of rosuvastatin calcium by self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) using mixtures of oil, cosolvent, surfactant and cosurfactant.
Methods: Based on solubility study and emulsification efficiency, Preliminary investigations of various oils, surfactants and cosurfactants were carried out for the selection of the proper SNEDDS ingredients. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the efficient self-emulsification region. A series of SNEDDS formulations were prepared using labrasol: cremophor EL with a combination of peceol: ethyl oleate by using the simplex lattice design. Prepared formulation evaluated for refractive index, turbidimetric, droplet size, zeta potential and polydispersity index, self-emulsification, stability tests, viscosity and in vitro diffusion studies.
Results: The best formula for SNEDDS in the current study were: 15% oil (peceol: ethyloleatein 1:1 ratio), 50% Labrasol and 35% Cremophor EL. All the SNEDDS batches globule size was found to be varied from 22.90±1.50 nm to 43.90±1.40 nm. and no significant variations in globule size were observed after 3 mo stability studies. All the batches % transparency was found to be varied from 95.40±1.40% to 99.50±1.10% and drug diffused in 10 min varied from 63.65±1.51% to 93.72±1.46 %.
Conclusion: The data suggest the use of rosuvastatin calcium SNEDDS to offer the potential for delivery and it increases the aqueous solubility and bioavailability of the drug.
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SUSTAINED RELEASE METHOTREXATE LOADED CUBOSOMES FOR TOPICAL DELIVERY IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: KAPOOR KARISHMA , PANDIT VINAY , NAGAICH UPENDRA 
Published: May 2020

Objective: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are essential part of the administration of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Methotrexate (MTX) is effective for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) biologic agents, indicated only in minority of patients suffering from severe RA. MTX remains the "anchor drug" in the treatment of RA. For delivery improvement, novel pharmaceutical drug delivery system i.e. MTX-Cubosomes were developed.
Methods: Poloxamer 407 and Glycerol monooleate (Monoelin, MO) used and the formulation were characterized as a sustained release drug delivery system for Methotrexate. Different ratios of Monolein, Poloxamer 407 and water were used to develop the different cubosomes using homogenization and emulsification method. Characterization of formulations for morphology was performed and also particle size distribution by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).
Results: Formulation showed the internal cubic structures of the vesicles. The particle size of the formulations was found to be ranging from 53.21 to 185.32 nm, zeta potential of the formulations varied from-18.20-36.10 mV. The cubosomal formulation exhibited good entrapment efficiency along with high drug loading. Compatibility with the excipients was also established. An in vitro release study was done using Franz Diffusion cell indicated sustained release of the formulation at a rate of 1.25 %/h. Cubosomes proved to be reliable system for sustained transdermal drug delivery system.
Conclusion: Methotrexate cubosomes is a novel medication delivery framework and in this examination it has been developed and characterized. The formulations were found to be promising in terms of its characterization parameters like particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, loading capacity, release kinetics, and stability, suitable for topical delivery.
DISSOLUTION PROFILE OF AMBROXOL HCl TABLET WITH ADDITIONAL VARIATIONS OF LUDIPRESS® AND LACTOSE USING THE DIRECT PRESS METHOD
Authors: MUSTARICHIE RESMI , GOZALI DOLIH , PRIAMBODO DRADJAD 
Published: May 2020

Objective: The drug will provide a therapeutic effect when dissolved so that it is easily absorbed. The process of dissolving drugs is called dissolution. Additional substances contained in pharmaceutical preparations, one of which serves to accelerate the solubility of active substances. The aim of this study was to obtain a comparative composition of Ludipress® and lactose additives suitable for producing ambroxol HCl tablets that met the ambroxol acceleration ambroxol in the body.
Methods: Ambroxol HCl tablets were made by direct pressing method. For research purposes, 4 formulas with variations of Ludipress® and Lactose were designed. The tablet was then evaluated, which includes uniformity in weight, diameter, thickness, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution. Data obtained in the analysis using the perfect random block design method (DBAS) with α = 0.05 where blocks and groups were used.
Results: From the results of the Mass Printing Evaluation of Tablets, it was found that the four formulas that were designed met the resting angle, flow rate, real density, compressed density, and compressibility met existing requirements. The results of evaluation tablets, which included uniformity of weight, uniformity of size, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution test, were found that only F1 formula did not meet uniformity requirements. All four formulas meet the Indonesian pharmacopeia requirements for time of violence, fragility and disintegration. The dissolution test results showed that in the 45-minute test each percent dissolved concentration of the active substance for F1, F2, F3, and F4 was 58.77974, 66.91104, 80.09946, and 64.02293 suggesting only the F3 formula fulfilled the dissolution requirements according to European Pharmacopoeia which stated that the concentration of dissolved active tablets should not be less than 75% during the 45-minute test.
Conclusion: The formula that met the solubility requirements consisted of an additional 69% Ludipress® and 10% lactose with a solubility value of 80.09%.