bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retaining Generation Y Nurses
Authors: Anselmo-Witzel Sonia , Heitner Keri L. , Dimitroff Lynda J. 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to describe generation Y nurses’ perceptions of their nurse managers' servant leadership characteristics as well as the relationship between these characteristics and intent to stay on the job.

BACKGROUND
To attract and retain generation Y nurses, organizational leaders need to develop an understanding of this generation's perspectives around workplace loyalty and commitment.

METHOD
This study had a quantitative correlational research design. The Servant Leadership Survey (SLS) measured 116 generation Y nurses' perception of their manager's use of servant leadership.

RESULTS
Generation Y nurses' most positively rated servant leadership characteristic of their managers was accountability; the lowest was forgiveness. Significant positive relationships were found between the overall SLS score and intent to stay and between the SLS dimensions of standing back, empowerment, authenticity, humility, and stewardship, and intent to stay on the job.

CONCLUSIONS
Generation Y nurses are seeking characteristics in their nurse managers that will attract them to stay on the job; if these characteristics are lacking, they may leave.
Inpatient Nurses' Perception of Workplace Violence Based on Specialty
Authors: Perkins Morgan , Wood Leslie , Soler Thaisha , Walker Kimberly , Morata Lauren , Novotny April , Estep Han 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of inpatient nursing specialties on the perceptions of workplace violence.BACKGROUNDThe association between nursing specialty and the perception of workplace violence has not been identified.METHODSAn evaluation of inpatient nurses’ perceptions of workplace violence at a single health system was conducted using a modified Survey of Violence Experienced by Staff instrument.RESULTSOf the respondents, 87.2% experienced workplace violence, of which 96.3% was patient related. Patient-initiated verbal abuse, threats, and physical assault frequency differed significantly based on specialty. Post hoc comparisons further elucidate the differences in specialty populations.CONCLUSIONWorkplace violence is a nursing concern; however, the frequency in which workplace violence occurs differs based on specialty. The frequency of threats and injuries to nursing staff was significantly higher in medical and trauma units.
Measuring Unlicensed Assistive Personnel Perceptions of a Healthy Work Environment in Acute Care Settings, Part 4
Authors: Huddleston Penny 
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND
Survey items on the Healthy Work Environment Scale (HWES) for Unlicensed Assistive Personnel (UAP) were developed using statements from a qualitative research study conducted in a large urban healthcare system.

PURPOSE
The purposes of this research study were to develop items on the HWES for UAP, to assess the validity and reliability of this tool, and to describe the UAP perceptions of a healthy work environment (HWE) using a nonexperimental descriptive design.

METHODS
This research study has 2 separate phases. In phase 1, the UAP assigned each item to 1 of the 8 characteristics of an HWE to assess face validity. The 2nd step in this phase was to have the 10 content experts rate each survey item based on its relevancy to measuring an HWE using a 4-point Likert scale ranging from “not relevant” to “very relevant” to determine content validity by calculating a scale content validity and item content validity indices. Based on the results, there were no items deleted from the survey. In phase 2, principal component analysis assessed the validity of the tool, a Cronbach’s α served as the test for reliability, and the UAP perceptions of an HWE were measured.

RESULTS
Samples included 45 content experts for phase 1 and 406 for phase 2. Principal component analysis revealed 49 items comprising 6 components. Internal consistency was 0.976 for all items. Based on the findings, the HWES for UAP demonstrated strong psychometric properties to measure an HWE in acute care settings.
Unnamed Partners From Syphilis Partner Services Interviews, 7 Jurisdictions
Authors: Cope Anna Barry , Bernstein Kyle , Matthias James , Rahman Mohammad , Diesel Jill , Pugsley River A. , Schillinger Julia A. , Ng Rilene A. Chew , Sachdev Darpun , Shaw Rebecca , Nguyen Trang Quyen , Klingler Ellen J. , Mobley Victoria L. , Samoff Erika , Peterman Thomas A. 
Published: September 2020

Background
Reducing transmission depends on the percentage of infected partners treated; if many are missed, impact on transmission will be low. Traditional partner services metrics evaluate the number of partners found and treated. We estimated the proportion of partners of syphilis patients not locatable for intervention.

Methods
We reviewed records of early syphilis cases (primary, secondary, early latent) reported in 2015 to 2017 in 7 jurisdictions (Florida, Louisiana, Michigan, North Carolina, Virginia, New York City, and San Francisco). Among interviewed syphilis patients, we determined the proportion who reported named partners (with locating information), reported unnamed partners (no locating information), and did not report partners. For patients with no reported partners, we estimated their range of unreported partners to be between one and the average number of partners for patients who reported partners.

Results
Among 29,719 syphilis patients, 23,613 (80%) were interviewed and 18,581 (63%) reported 84,224 sex partners (average, 4.5; 20,853 [25%] named and 63,371 [75%] unnamed). An estimated 11,138 to 54,521 partners were unreported. Thus, 74,509 to 117,892 (of 95,362–138,745) partners were not reached by partner services (78%–85%). Among interviewed patients, 71% reported ≥1 unnamed partner or reported no partners; this proportion was higher for men who reported sex with men (75%) compared with men who reported sex with women only (65%) and women (44%).

Conclusions
Approximately 80% of sex partners were either unnamed or unreported. Partner services may be less successful at interrupting transmission in networks for men who reported sex with men where a higher proportion of partners are unnamed or unreported.
Substantial Need for Preexposure Prophylaxis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Bhatia Ramona , Le Minh Giang , An Ly Thanh , Thai Truc Thanh , Bui Hao , Ngoc Lung Bich , Vu Diep , Abdul-Quader Abu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We used data from the Health in Men—Hanoi cohort to determine the proportion of HIV-negative men who have sex with men with PrEP indications in Hanoi. Among 717 men who have sex with men, 537 (72.2% [66.6%–77.3%]) had ≥1 PrEP indication, signaling a substantial need for PrEP scale-up. Condomless anal intercourse was the most frequent indication (68.7% [60.3%–76.1%]), followed by previous/current sexually transmitted infection (59.4% [51.0%–67.2%]).
Interpartner Concordance on Relationship Quality and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Young Pregnant and Parenting Couples
Authors: Lanier Yzette , Amutah-Onukagha Ndidiamaka , Cornelius Talea , Lavarin Claudine , Kershaw Trace 
Published: September 2020

Background
This study examined agreement between partners on perceptions of relationship quality and its impact on later (sexually transmitted infection [STI]) diagnosis in a sample of pregnant (adolescents and young adults [AYAs]) couples.

Methods
Two hundred ninety-six AYA couples completed structured surveys on relationship quality (satisfaction, cohesion, consensus, affectional expression) and STI diagnosis. An actor-partner interdependence model was used to assess actor effects (whether an individual’s perceived relationship quality influenced their getting STI), partner effects (whether a partner’s perceived relationship quality influenced the individual getting an STI), and interactive effects (whether an individual’s perceived relationship quality interacted with a partner’s perceived relationship quality and influenced in the individual getting an STI).

Results
No significant actor or partner effects were observed for positive STI screen. However, there was a significant interaction between actor and partner satisfaction (B = −0.47, exp(B) = 0.63 [95% confidence interval, 0.43–0.93], P = 0.020). When actor satisfaction was high, greater partner satisfaction was associated with lower odds of a positive STI screen at 12 months. A significant interaction between actor and partner affectional expression was also found (B = −4.40, exp(B) = 0.01 [95% confidence interval, 0.00–0.87], P = 0.043). When partner affectional expression was high, greater actor affectional expression was associated with lower odds of a positive STI screen at 12 months.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that concordant reports of relationship satisfaction and affectional expression are protective against future STI risk. Strengthening romantic relationships may be a promising strategy for preventing STIs in pregnant/parenting AYA couples.
HIV, Sexually Transmitted Infections and Sexual Practices Among Male Sex Workers Attending a Sexual Health Clinic in Melbourne, Australia: 2010 to 2018
Authors: Turek Evelyn M. , Fairley Christopher K. , Tabesh Marjan , Phillips Tiffany R. , Bradshaw Catriona S. , Rodriguez Elena , Chow Eric P.F. 
Published: September 2020

Background
There are limited data on HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) positivity and sexual practices among male sex workers (MSWs) both globally and particularly in Australia. This study aimed to explore demographic characteristics, sexual practices, and HIV/STI positivity among MSWs attending a sexual health clinic in Melbourne.

Methods
We analyzed computerized medical records of all first-visit consultations with men 18 years or older who self-identified as current sex workers and attended the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre (MSHC) between 2010 and 2018. Demographic data, sexual behavior data, and laboratory results for HIV, syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea were collected as part of routine clinical care at Melbourne Sexual Health Centre.

Results
Of the 190 MSWs included in the analysis, the median age was 28 years (interquartile range, 23–30 years), 30.4% (52/171) reported having condomless penile-anal sex with their clients, and 59.6% (102/171) reported having condomless penile-oral sex with their clients since their last STI screening. Most (85.6%) MSWs had noncommercial sex partners, including 56.5% with male partners only, 30.6% with female partners only, and 12.9% with both. Approximately half of MSWs used condoms consistently with noncommercial sex partners (regardless of partner gender). The positivity for incident HIV was 1.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0%–5.0%), that for syphilis was 6.1% (95% CI, 2.6%–10.5%), that for chlamydia was 9.6% (95% CI, 5.6%–14.9%), and that for gonorrhea was 10.8% (95% CI, 4.4%–20.9%). Male sex workers who exclusively had sex with women had a lower any HIV/STI positivity (0%) compared with MSW who had sex with men (15.7%; P = 0.013).

Conclusions
Male sex workers fall into 2 groups: those who had male clients and/or noncommercial partners who have a relatively high HIV/STI positivity and those who only had female partners or clients whose HIV/STI positivity is low. Both have a high proportion of condomless sex with clients and noncommercial sex partners. Strategies to increase condom use during sex work are needed.
Clostridium difficile Infection Reservoirs Within an Acute Rehabilitation Environment
Authors: Weppner Justin , Gabet Joelle , Linsenmeyer Mark , Yassin Mohamed , Galang Gary 
Published: September 2020

Objective

Clostridium difficile infection is a common hospital-associated infection spread via patient contact or contaminated environments. The risk for spread of C difficile may be greater in inpatient rehabilitation units than in some hospital units as patients are not confined to their rooms and often share equipment. Environmental disinfection is challenging in shared medical equipment, especially in equipment with complex designs. The study aimed to examine the presence of C difficile spores within an acute rehabilitation environment and to evaluate disinfection effectiveness.

Design
Cultures were performed on 28 rehabilitation rooms, 28 rehabilitation floor surfaces, and 80 shared devices and equipment. Two disinfection interventions were implemented, and environmental cultures then were repeated postintervention.

Results
Environmental cultures positive for CD spores were rehabilitation rooms (1/28), rehabilitation floors (13/28), and wheelchairs (3/20). After the implementation of new disinfection methods, repeat cultures were obtained and produced negative results.

Conclusions
Nonsporicidal disinfectant was not effective on hospital floors. Sporicidal disinfection of the floor is important when rates of C difficile infection are increased. Wheelchairs are complex devices and difficult to properly clean. The hospital purchased an ultraviolent device for wheelchair cleaning with a subsequent reduction in spores on repeat cultures.

To Claim CME Credits
Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry.org/JournalCME

CME Objectives
Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to: (1) Recognize the impact of Clostridium difficile infections on the healthcare system; (2) Describe potential reservoirs of Clostridium difficile in the inpatient rehabilitation environment; and (3) Discuss interventions that may be implemented to reduce the reservoirs of Clostridium difficile on the rehabilitation unit.

Level
Advanced

Accreditation
The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Reduced Brainstem Volume After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Kim Eunkyung , Seo Han Gil , Lee Hyun Haeng , Lee Seung Hak , Choi Seung Hong , Yoo Roh-Eul , Cho Won-Sang , Yun Seo Jung , Kang Min-Gu , Oh Byung-Mo 
Published: September 2020

Objective
The aims of this study were to investigate changes in regional brain volume after concussion (mild traumatic brain injury) and to examine the relationship between change in brain volume and cognitive deficits.

Design
Twenty-eight patients with mild traumatic brain injury and 27 age-matched controls were included in this study. Magnetic resonance imaging (3 T) data were obtained from the participants. Structural brain volume changes were examined using tensor-based morphometry, which identifies regional structural differences in the whole brain, including cerebrospinal fluid, gray matter, and white matter. Volume contraction and expansion were compared between groups using a two-sample t test. The association between time post-injury or neurocognitive function and volumetric changes was examined using regression analysis.

Results
Individuals with mild traumatic brain injury exhibited volume reduction in the brainstem, including the pontine reticular formation. Regional cerebral volume changes were not associated with time post-injury but were significantly associated with neurocognitive function, especially with executive card sorting test, forward digit span test, and performance on verbal learning test. The greater regional cerebral volume was associated with better cognitive performance after mild traumatic brain injury.

Conclusion
Decreased brainstem volume may indicate its vulnerability to traumatic injury, and cerebral volume in specific regions was positively associated with patients’ cognitive function after injury.
Recommendations for Reporting on Rehabilitation Interventions
Authors: Whyte John , Dijkers Marcel P. , Fasoli Susan E. , Ferraro Mary , Katz Leanna W. , Norton Sarah , Parent Eric , Pinto Shanti M. , Sisto Sue Ann , Van Stan Jarrad H. , Wengerd Lauren 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Clear reporting on rehabilitation treatments is critical for interpreting and replicating study results and for translating treatment research into clinical practice. This article reports the recommendations of a working group on improved reporting on rehabilitation treatments. These recommendations are intended to be combined with the efforts of other working groups, through a consensus process, to arrive at a reporting guideline for randomized controlled trials in physical medicine and rehabilitation (Randomized Controlled Trials Rehabilitation Checklist). The work group conducted a scoping review of 156 diverse guidelines for randomized controlled trial reporting, to identify themes that might be usefully applied to the field of rehabilitation. Themes were developed by identifying content that might improve or enhance existing items from the Template for Intervention Description and Replication. Guidelines addressing broad research domains tended to define reporting items generally, from the investigator’s perspective of relevance, whereas those addressing more circumscribed domains provided more specific and operationalized items. Rehabilitation is a diverse field, but a clear description of the treatment’s separable components, along with distinct treatment theories for each, can improve reporting of relevant information. Over time, expert consensus groups should develop more specific guideline extensions for circumscribed research domains, around coalescing bodies of treatment theory.
Radicular Pain After Hip Disarticulation
Authors: Philip Kemly , Sambasivan Ajai 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A 36-yr-old man with a history of industrial accident causing traumatic left hip disarticulation, pubic symphysis, and right sacroiliac joint fractures presented with a 3-yr history of left-sided lower back pain radiating down the amputated limb. Computed tomography lumbar spine showed osteophytes surrounding the sacroiliac joint bilaterally with reduced left L4–L5 foraminal space. A fluoroscopically guided left sacroiliac steroid injection led to mild improvement in low back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine without contrast showed transitional type L5 vertebral body with left-sided flowing osteophytes abutting the extraforaminal L4 and L5 nerves. Ultimately, multilevel left fluoroscopically guided transforaminal epidural steroid injection at L4–L5 and L5–S1 significantly improved symptoms. Although phantom radiculopathy is a rare entity, clinical suspicion of degenerative spine disease or other pathology contributing to nerve impingement in patients with amputations should remain; this unique case discusses bony osteophyte complex as the cause for phantom radiculopathy instead of previously described disc herniation. Magnetic resonance imaging remains a key tool in delineating causes of low back pain among patients with lower limb amputations.
Postconcussion Syndrome
Authors: McIntyre McKyla , Amiri Mohammadreza , Kumbhare Dinesh 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
After concussion, a subset of patients have persistent symptoms that are functionally limiting and may be difficult to treat. These symptoms were previously captured in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) under the diagnosis of “Post-Concussion Syndrome.” However, in the recently published fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, postconcussion syndrome has been eliminated. The elimination of “Post-Concussion Syndrome” moves the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders further away from congruence with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) with respect to the classification of postconcussion symptomology. Although this change likely had the positive effect of reducing misdiagnoses of symptoms due to other causes, the authors highlight the potential issues surrounding the elimination of postconcussion syndrome in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. This opinion piece also emphasizes the multiple diagnostic and therapeutic challenges that may result for those involved in the treatment of, or research regarding, concussion patients with persistent symptoms. Future revisions that provide clear clinical diagnostic criteria may be beneficial.
Predictive Computed Tomography and Clinical Features for Diagnosis of COVID-19 Pneumonia: Compared With Common Viral Pneumonia
Authors: Zhou Cuiping , Luo Lin , Luo Zhendong , Shen Xinping 
Published: September 2020

Objective
To determine the predictive computed tomography (CT) and clinical features for diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods
The CT and clinical data including were analyzed using univariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression, followed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results
The factors including size of ground grass opacity (GGO), GGO with reticular and/or interlobular septal thickening, vascular enlargement, “tree-in-bud” opacity, centrilobular nodules, and stuffy or runny nose were associated with the 2 groups of viral pneumonia, as determined by univariate analysis (P < 0.05). Only GGO with reticular and/or interlobular septal thickening, centrilobular nodules, and stuffy or runny nose remained independent risk factors in multinomial logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under curve of the obtained logistic regression model was 0.893.

Conclusion
Computed tomography and clinical features including GGO with reticular and/or interlobular septal thickening, absence of centrilobular nodules, and absence of stuffy or runny nose are potential patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Coronary Artery Calcification on Thoracic Computed Tomography Is an Independent Predictor of Mortality in Patients With Bronchiectasis
Authors: Williams Michelle C. , van Beek Edwin J.R. , Hill Adam T. , Murchison John T. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
Coronary artery calcification (CAC) on thoracic computed tomography (CT) can identify patients at risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) mortality. However, the overlap between bronchiectasis and CAC severity for predicting subsequent outcomes is unknown.

Materials and Methods:
CT images from 362 patients (mean age 66±14 y, 38% male) with known bronchiectasis were assessed. Bronchiectasis severity was assessed using the Bronchiectasis Severity Index (0 to 4, mild; 5 to 8, moderate; and ≥9, severe). CAC was assessed with a visual ordinal score (0, none; 1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, severe) in each of the left main stem, left anterior descending, left circumflex, and right coronary arteries. Vessel CAC scores were summed and categorized as none (0), mild (1 to 3), moderate (4 to 8), and severe (9 to 12).

Results:
Patients with severe bronchiectasis were older (P<0.001), but were not more likely to have a history of CAD, hypertension, or smoking. CAC was present in 196 (54%). Over a mean of 6±2 years, 59 (16%) patients died. Patients with moderate or severe CAC were 5 times more likely to die than patients without CAC (hazard ratio: 5.49, 95% confidence interval: 2.82-10.70, P<0.001). Patients with severe bronchiectasis were 10 times more likely to die than patients with mild bronchiectasis (hazard ratio: 10.11, 95% confidence interval: 4.22-24.27, P<0.001). CAC and bronchiectasis severity were independent predictors of mortality, but age, sex, smoking, and history of CAD or cerebrovascular disease were not.

Conclusions:
CAC is common in patients with bronchiectasis, and both CAC and bronchiectasis severity are independent predictors of mortality.