bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOS: Self‐organized secure framework for VANET
Authors: Salem Fatty M. , Ali Ahmed S. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryWhile authentication is a necessary requirement to provide security in vehicular ad hoc networks, user's personal information such as identity and location must be kept private. The reliance on road side units or centralized trusted authority nodes to provide security services is critical because both are vulnerable, thus cannot be accessed by all users, which mean security absence. In this paper, we introduce a self‐organized secure framework, deployed in vehicular ad hoc networks. The proposed framework solution is designed not only to provide an effective, integrated security and privacy‐preserving mechanism but also to retain the availability of all security services even if there are no road side units at all and/or the trusted authority node is compromised. A decentralized tier‐based security framework that depends on both trusted authority and some fully trusted nodes cooperated to distribute security services is presented. Our approach combines the useful features of both Shamir secret sharing with a trust‐based technique to ensure continuity of achieving all security services. Mathematical analysis of security issues that the proposed framework achieves as well as the availability of offering security services is provided. Proposed framework examination was done to show the performance in terms of storage, computation complexity, and communication overhead as well as its resilience against various types of attacks. Comparisons with different types of security schemes showed that the protocol developed gave better results in most comparison parameters while being unique ensuring continuity of security services delivery.
The influence of governance rearrangements on flood risk management in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Chereni Simbarashe , Sliuzas Richard V. , Flacke Johannes , Maarseveen Martin V. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe importance of governance rearrangements (reassignment of positions, roles, and responsibility among actors in governance processes) and their implications on flood risk management has gained currency in evaluative environmental governance literature. However, much work has concentrated on building and applying frameworks to evaluate impacts of decentralisation, such that frameworks to evaluate impacts of recentralisation are still lacking. This paper uses the case of Bwaise III informal settlement in Kampala, Uganda, to assess the impacts of local government rearrangements on flood mitigation. We adapted a Water Governance Assessment Framework and conducted 22 in‐depth interviews with stakeholders, searched documentary sources, and carried out transect walks. We generated qualitative data on stakeholder experiences and perceptions regarding governance quality and flood mitigation prereform and postreform. The data were analysed using thematic content analysis to produce a scoreboard measuring changes in governance dimensions against progress in flood mitigation. In a follow‐up survey, 24 structured interviews were conducted to validate the data. Results show that the rearrangements led to time and cost savings, increased revenue, and sped up the implementation of flood management strategies and measures. The findings can be useful to policymakers at the interface of governance and flood management.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the future of treatment
Authors: Tuohy C. Vaughan , Kaul Sanjiv , Song Howard K. , Nazer Babak , Heitner Stephen B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heterogeneous genetic disorder most often caused by sarcomeric mutations resulting in left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, hypercontractility, and reduced compliance. It is the most common inherited monogenic cardiac condition, affecting 0.2% of the population. Whereas currently available therapies for HCM have been effective in reducing morbidity, there remain important unmet needs in the treatment of both the obstructive and non‐obstructive phenotypes. Novel pharmacotherapies directly target the molecular underpinnings of HCM, while innovative procedural techniques may soon offer minimally‐invasive alternatives to current septal reduction therapy. With the advent of embryonic gene editing, there now exists the potential to correct underlying genetic mutations that may result in disease. This article details the recent developments in the treatment of HCM including pharmacotherapy, septal reduction procedures, mitral valve manipulation, and gene‐based therapies.
Genetic risk and atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure
Authors: Kloosterman Mariëlle , Santema Bernadet T. , Roselli Carolina , Nelson Christopher P. , Koekemoer Andrea , Romaine Simon. P.R. , Van Gelder Isabelle C. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Artola Vicente A. , Lang Chim C. , Ng Leon L. , Metra Marco , Anker Stefan , Filippatos Gerasimos , Dickstein Kenneth , Ponikowski Piotr , van der Harst Pim , van der Meer Peter , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Voors Adriaan A. , Samani Nilesh J. , Rienstra Michiel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsTo study the association between an atrial fibrillation (AF) genetic risk score with prevalent AF and all‐cause mortality in patients with heart failure.Methods and resultsAn AF genetic risk score was calculated in 3759 European ancestry individuals (1783 with sinus rhythm, 1976 with AF) from the BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure (BIOSTAT‐CHF) by summing 97 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) alleles (ranging from 0–2) weighted by the natural logarithm of the relative SNP risk from the latest AF genome‐wide association study. Further, we assessed AF risk variance explained by additive SNP variation, and performance of clinical or genetic risk factors, and the combination in classifying AF prevalence. AF was classified as AF or atrial flutter (AFL) at baseline electrocardiogram and/or a history of AF or AFL. The genetic risk score was associated with AF after multivariable adjustment. Odds ratio for AF prevalence per 1‐unit increase genetic risk score was 2.12 (95% confidence interval 1.84–2.45, P = 2.15 × 10−24) in the total cohort, 2.08 (1.72–2.50, P = 1.30 × 10−14) in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and 2.02 (1.37–2.99, P = 4.37 × 10−4) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). AF‐associated loci explained 22.9% of overall AF SNP heritability. Addition of the genetic risk score to clinical risk factors increased the C‐index by 2.2% to 0.721.ConclusionsThe AF genetic risk score was associated with increased AF prevalence in HFrEF and HFpEF. Genetic variation accounted for 22.9% of overall AF SNP heritability. Addition of genetic risk to clinical risk improved model performance in classifying AF prevalence.
One‐Pot Conversion of Cyclohexane to Adipic Acid Using a µ4‐Oxido‐Copper Cluster as Catalyst Together with Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Gawlig Christopher , Schindler Siegfried , Becker Sabine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Sabine Becker, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, and Siegfried Schindler, Justus‐Liebig‐Universität Gießen, Germany. The cover image shows the one‐pot oxygenation of cyclohexane to yield adipic and glutaric acid under mild conditions with a µ4‐oxido copper cluster and H2O2 as catalyst and oxidant, respectively.
Sensor‐based activity recognition independent of device placement and orientation
Authors: Shi Junhao , Zuo Decheng , Zhang Zhan , Luo Danyan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHuman activity recognition (HAR) is a prominent subfield of pervasive computing and also provides context of many applications such as healthcare, education, and entertainment. Most wearable HAR studies assume that sensing device placement and orientation are fixed and never change. However, this condition is actually not always guaranteed in the real scenario and recognition result is influenced by the distortion as consequence. To handle this, our work proposes a new model based on convolutional neural network to extract robust features which are invariant of device placement and orientation, to train machine learning classifiers. We first carry out experiments to show negative effects of this problem. Then, we apply the convolutional neural network–based hybrid structure on the HAR. Results show that our method provides 15% to 40% accuracy promotion on public data set and 10% to 20% promotion on our own data set, both with distortion.
An improved depth‐averaged nonhydrostatic shallow water model with quadratic pressure approximation
Authors: Wang Weizhi , Martin Tobias , Kamath Arun , Bihs Hans 
Published: January 2020

SummaryPhase‐resolved information is necessary for many coastal wave problems, for example, for the wave conditions in the vicinity of harbor structures. Two‐dimensional (2D) depth‐averaging shallow water models are commonly used to obtain a phase‐resolved solution near the coast. These models are in general more computationally effective compared with computational fluid dynamics software and will be even more capable if equipped with a parallelized code. In the current article, a 2D wave model solving the depth‐averaged continuity equation and the Euler equations is implemented in the open‐source hydrodynamic code REEF3D. The model is based on a nonhydrostatic extension and a quadratic vertical pressure profile assumption, which provides a better approximation of the frequency dispersion. It is the first model of its kind to employ high‐order discretization schemes and to be fully parallelized following the domain decomposition strategy. Wave generation and absorption are achieved with a relaxation method. The simulations of nonlinear long wave propagations and transformations over nonconstant bathymetries are presented. The results are compared with benchmark wave propagation cases. A large‐scale wave propagation simulation over realistic irregular topography is shown to demonstrate the model's capability of solving operational large‐scale problems.
Role of phospholipase C in banana in response to anthracnose infection
Authors: Shuai Liang , Li Li , Sun Jian , Liao Lingyan , Duan Zhenhua , Li Changbao , He Xuemei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPhospholipase C (PLC) plays an important role in plant immunity, and anthracnose caused by the Colletotrichum species is a common postharvest disease of the banana fruit. This study aims to evaluate the role of PLC in anthrax resistance in banana. The experimental group of banana samples was treated with a banana anthracnose conidia suspension, and the control group was treated with distilled water. After inoculation, the groups were sprayed with ethephon, and indicators, such as hardness and conductivity changes; PLC activity, 1,2‐diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidic acid (PA)content; and MaPLC‐1and MaPLC‐2 expression levels, were assessed at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days. Moreover, the expression levels of MaPLC‐1 and MaPLC‐2 were detected in various tissues. The hardness of banana fruits in the experimental group decreased faster than that in the control group. Furthermore, the conductivity was higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Regarding PLC activity, DAG, and PA content, bananas in the experimental group showed higher activities than those in the control group. Moreover, relatively higher expression of PLC mRNA was detected in anthracnose‐inoculated tissues. The evaluation of MaPLC‐1 and MaPLC‐2 expression levels showed that the mature peel had the highest MaPLC‐1 expression level. However, the MaPLC‐2 gene was expressed at relatively low levels in the fruit and at relatively high levels in the flower organs. PLC might play a role in fruit ripening in response to anthracnose resistance.
The effect of physical education on children's body weight and human capital: New evidence from the ECLS‐K:2011
Authors: Bednar Steven , Rouse Kathryn 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study provides evidence on the impact of physical education on child body weight, cognitive, and noncognitive achievement using data from the Early Child Longitudinal Survey Kindergarten Class of 2010‐2011 (ECLS‐K: 2011). Students in the 2011 cohort were exposed to increased accountability pressures by No Child Left Behind, yet average weekly physical education time has not decreased from that reported in studies using the original ECLS‐K class of 1998‐1999. We instrument for teacher‐reported weekly PE time using state physical education laws and exploit the panel design of the data to estimate individual fixed effects models to address concerns of endogeneity. We find time spent in physical education has essentially no effect on child body weight or human capital outcomes of U.S. elementary school children.
A magnetic vortex generator for simultaneous heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop reduction in a mini channel
Authors: Bezaatpour Mojtaba , Goharkhah Mohammad 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn active vortex generator is proposed for heat transfer enhancement in heat sinks and heat exchangers and removal of highly concentrated heat fluxes. It is based on applying a uniform magnetic field of permanent magnets to a magnetic fluid (ferrofluid) flowing in a heated channel. Numerical simulations are carried out for a 2 Vol% ferrofluid at different Reynolds numbers (150‐210) and magnetic field intensities (0‐1400 G) to investigate the possibility of simultaneous heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop reduction by the proposed method. Comparisons are also made with the other conventional vortex generators. Results indicate that the external magnetic field acts as a vortex generator that changes the velocity distribution, improves the flow mixing, and thereby increases the convective heat transfer. Surprisingly, the heat transfer enhancement is accompanied by a decrease of the friction coefficient due to the flow separation and decrease of the flow contact with the surface. It is also concluded that increasing the magnetic field intensity, decreasing the flow rate, and adding a second identical magnetic vortex generator have favorable effects on both pressure drop and heat transfer. A maximum of 37.8% enhancement of heat transfer with a 29.18% reduction of pressure drop has been achieved at the optimum condition.
Characterizing hydrological processes within kettle holes using stable water isotopes in the Uckermark of northern Brandenburg, Germany
Authors: Vyse Stuart Andrew , Taie Semiromi Majid , Lischeid Gunnar , Merz Christoph 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the hydrologic connectivity between kettle holes and shallow groundwater, particularly in reaction to the highly variable local meteorological conditions, is of paramount importance for tracing water in a hydro(geo)logically complex landscape and thus for integrated water resource management. This article is aimed at identifying the dominant hydrological processes affecting the kettle holes' water balance and their interactions with the shallow groundwater domain in the Uckermark region, located in the north‐east of Germany. For this reason, based on the stable isotopes of oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δ2H), an isotopic mass balance model was employed to compute the evaporative loss of water from the kettle holes from February to August 2017. Results demonstrated that shallow groundwater inflow may play the pivotal role in the processes taking part in the hydrology of the kettle holes in the Uckermark region. Based on the calculated evaporation/inflow (E/I) ratios, most of the kettle holes (86.7%) were ascertained to have a partially open, flow‐through‐dominated system. Moreover, we identified an inverse correlation between E/I ratios and the altitudes of the kettle holes. The same holds for electrical conductivity (EC) and the altitudes of the kettle holes. In accordance with the findings obtained from this study, a conceptual model explaining the interaction between the shallow groundwater and the kettle holes of Uckermark was developed. The model exhibited that across the highest altitudes, the recharge kettle holes are dominant, where a lower ratio of E/I and a lower EC was detected. By contrast, the lowest topographical depressions represent the discharge kettle holes, where a higher ratio of E/I and EC could be identified. The kettle holes existing in between were categorized as flow‐through kettle holes through which the recharge takes place from one side and discharge from the other side.
Streamside mobile mesocosms (MOBICOS): A new modular research infrastructure for hydro‐ecological process studies across catchment‐scale gradients
Authors: Fink Patrick , Norf Helge , Anlanger Christine , Brauns Mario , Kamjunke Norbert , Risse‐Buhl Ute , Schmitt‐Jansen Mechthild , Weitere Markus , Borchardt Dietrich 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA key research aim for lotic ecosystems is the identification of natural and anthropogenic pressures that impact ecosystem status and functions. As a consequence of these perturbations, many lotic ecosystems are exposed to complex combinations of nonchemical and chemical stressors. These stressors comprise temperature fluctuations, flow alterations, elevated solute loads or xenobiotics, and all these factors can pose stress upon aquatic ecosystems on different temporal, spatial and biological scales. Factorial experiments are essential to reveal causal relationships especially between combined stressors and their effects in the environment. However, experimental tools that account for the complexity of running waters across different ecosystem compartments, levels of biological organisation, natural or anthropogenic environmental gradients, and replicability are rare. Here we present a new research infrastructure consisting of streamside mobile mesocosms (MOBICOS) that allows analysing the effects of stressors and stressor combinations through multifactorial experiments in near‐natural settings and across anthropogenic pressure gradients. Consisting of eight container‐based running water laboratories operated as bypasses to running surface waters, MOBICOS combines in situ real‐time monitoring of physicochemical and biological parameters with manipulative experiments across ranges of environmental conditions. Different flume types can be set up within MOBICOS to separate and combine different ecosystem compartments (pelagic, epibenthic and hyporheic zones) in a flexible and modular way. Due to its compact design, the MOBICOS units can be shifted easily to particular sites of interest. Furthermore, simultaneous operation of multiple MOBICOS units at different sites allows the integration of natural gradients in multifactorial experiments. We highlight the versatility of the MOBICOS experimental infrastructure with two case studies addressing (a) hydraulic control of lotic biofilms and (b) pollution‐induced community tolerance of biofilms along an environmental gradient. The modular and mobile MOBICOS units have the potential to significantly advance our understanding of causal relationships between natural environmental oscillations, anthropogenic stressors and their combined ecological impacts on lotic aquatic ecosystems beyond existing stream mesocosm approaches.
Effects of Supplemental Vitamin D on Bone Health Outcomes in Women and Men in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL)
Authors: LeBoff Meryl S , Chou Sharon H , Murata Elle M , Donlon Catherine M , Cook Nancy R , Mora Samia , Lee I-Min , Kotler Gregory , Bubes Vadim , Buring Julie E , Manson JoAnn E 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Although supplemental vitamin D is used to promote bone health in the general population, data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been inconsistent. We determined whether daily, vitamin D3 supplementation improves bone mineral density (BMD) and/or structure. VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) is a double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT of supplemental vitamin D3 (2000 IU/d) and/or omega-3 fatty acids (1 g/d) in 25,871 adults nationwide. This ancillary study included a subcohort of 771 participants (men ≥50 and women ≥55 years; not taking bone active medications) evaluated at baseline and at 2-year follow-up (89% retention). Total 25(OH)D levels were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (Quest Diagnostics, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA). Free 25(OH)D (FVD) levels were measured using the ELISA assay by Future Diagnostics Solutions BV (Wijchen, Netherlands). Primary endpoints were 2-year changes in areal (a) BMD at the spine, hip, and whole body determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Secondary endpoints were 2-year changes in volumetric (v) BMD and cortical thickness at the radius and tibia assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Supplemental vitamin D3 versus placebo had no effect on 2-year changes in aBMD at the spine (0.33% versus 0.17%; p = 0.55), femoral neck (−0.27% versus −0.68%; p = 0.16), total hip (−0.76% versus −0.95%; p = 0.23), or whole body (−0.22% versus −0.15%; p = 0.60), or on measures of bone structure. Effects did not vary by sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, or 25(OH)D levels. Among participants with baseline FVD levels below the median (&lt;14.2 pmol/L), there was a slight increase in spine aBMD (0.75% versus 0%; p = 0.043) and attenuation in loss of total hip aBMD (−0.42% versus −0.98%; p = 0.044) with vitamin D3. Whether baseline FVD levels help to identify those more likely to benefit from supplementation warrants further study. Supplemental vitamin D3 versus placebo for 2 years in general healthy adults not selected for vitamin D insufficiency did not improve BMD or structure. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
ZEB1 induced‐upregulation of long noncoding RNA ZEB1‐AS1 facilitates the progression of triple negative breast cancer by binding with ELAVL1 to maintain the stability of ZEB1 mRNA
Authors: Luo Na , Zhang Kejing , Li Xin , Hu Yu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the malignant type of breast cancer. Previous study indicated that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) ZEB1‐AS1 was associated with the progression of several cancers. However, its underlying molecular mechanism in TNBC remains to be elucidated. In this study, ZEB1‐AS1 expression was boosted in TNBC tissues and cell lines according to reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Inhibition of ZEB1‐AS1 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis in TNBC. Moreover, ZEB1‐AS1 positively regulated ZEB1 expression. RT‐qPCR disclosed ZEB1 expression was elevated in TNBC tissues and ZEB1 silence blocked TNBC progression. RNA pull‐down and RNA immunoprecipitation assays revealed ZEB1‐AS1 and ZEB1 both could bind with ELAVL1. ZEB1‐AS1 maintained ZEB1 messenger RNA (mRNA) stability by binding with ELAVL1. In addition chromatin, immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays confirmed that ZEB1 could bind with ZEB1‐AS1 promoter and promoted ZEB1‐AS1 expression. Rescue assays manifested ZEB1 overexpression could abolish the inhibitory effect caused by ZEB1‐AS1 inhibition on TNBC progression. To sum up, ZEB1 induced‐upregulation of ZEB1‐AS1 maintained the stability of ZEB1 mRNA by binding with ELAVL1, which formed a feedback loop to facilitate TNBC progression. These findings might provide a new target for TNBC treatment.