bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the effect of EPBM operational parameters on surface settlement in soft ground
Authors: Dehghan Ali Naghi , Bagheri Ehsan , Khodaei Meysam , Kalehsar Rouzbeh Imani 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The present study investigates the effects of some essential earth pressure balance machine (EPBM) operational parameters, including face, annulus and grout pressures, on ground surface settlement during tunnel excavation. A numerical soil-tunnel-fluid coupled model was developed using the finite difference method (FDM) in FLAC3D for the basis of this research. Hence, the effects of geostatic stress in the tunnel face and annulus and the grout pressure behind the segment on ground settlement were investigated by parametric analyses. The results indicated that a reduction in the boundary pressure (from 508 to 335 kPa) on the face and annulus space did not change the settlement significantly, altering the settlement from 1.18 to 1.48 mm. The results of parametric grout pressure analysis showed that applying a grout pressure equal to the vertical geostatic stress (i.e. 335 kPa) had a larger effect than applying horizontal geostatic stress (i.e. 357 kPa) to the tunnel face on controlling the ground settlement—i.e. 1.45 and 1.20 mm, respectively. A lateral earth pressure of below 1 (K0 &lt; 1) led to the estimation of horizontal geostatic stress value that was lower than the vertical geostatic stress value, thereby applying a lower effect to controlling the ground settlement. Grout pressure increment relative to the vertical geostatic stress considerably reduced the ground settlement. However, an excessive rise in the grout pressure could lead to deformation and upward displacements in the form of ground heaving at a transverse distance of above 20 m from the tunnel axis.
The five axes of the Turtle: symmetry and asymmetry in NGC 6210
Authors: Henney William J , López J A , García-Díaz Ma T , Richer M G 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We carry out a comprehensive kinematic and morphological study of the asymmetrical planetary nebula: NGC 6210, known as the Turtle. The nebula’s spectacularly chaotic appearance has led to proposals that it was shaped by mass transfer in a triple star system. We study the three-dimensional structure and kinematics of its shells, lobes, knots, and haloes by combining radial velocity mapping from multiple long-slit spectra with proper motion measurements from multi-epoch imaging. We find that the nebula has five distinct ejection axes. The first is the axis of the bipolar, wind-blown inner shell, while the second is the axis of the lop-sided, elliptical, fainter, but more massive intermediate shell. A further two axes are bipolar flows that form the point symmetric, high-ionization outer lobes, all with inclinations close to the plane of the sky. The final axis, which is inclined close to the line of sight, traces collimated outflows of low-ionization knots. We detect major changes in outflow directions during the planetary nebula phase, starting at or before the initial ionization of the nebula 3500 yr ago. Most notably, the majority of redshifted low-ionization knots have kinematic ages greater than 2000 yr, whereas the majority of blueshifted knots have ages younger than 2000 yr. Such a sudden and permanent 180° flip in the ejection axis at a relatively late stage in the nebular evolution is a challenge to models of planetary nebula formation and shaping.
Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) observation of the Galactic globular cluster NGC 7492
Authors: Kumar Ranjan , Pradhan Ananta C , Mohapatra Abhisek , Moharana Ayush , Ojha Devendra K , Parthasarathy M , Murthy Jayant 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We present detailed photometric observations of the Galactic globular cluster NGC 7492 using the data obtained with two far-ultraviolet (FUV; 1300–1800 Å) and three near-ultraviolet (NUV; 2000–3000 Å) filters of Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) onboard the AstroSat satellite. We confirmed the cluster membership of the extracted sources using Gaia data release 2 (Gaia DR2) proper motion data. We have used colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) using UVIT and GAIA filters to separate out different evolutionary stages of the stars present in the cluster. We have identified a new extreme horizontal branch (EHB) star at the core of the cluster using UV and UV-optical CMDs. The estimated distance modulus of the cluster is 16.95 ± 0.05 obtained by fitting BaSTI isochrones with cluster parameters, [Fe/H] = −1.8 dex and age =12.0 Gyr on the V − I versus V CMD. Interestingly, only the EHB star and blue horizontal branch stars (BHBs) among the UV-bright hot sources are detected in FUV filters of UVIT. We have derived the effective temperature of BHBs using colour–temperature relation and spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of multiband filters, which are in the range from 8000 to 10 500 K. We find a variation of He abundance of BHBs by fitting the BaSTI ZAHB (zero-age horizontal branch). The range in the He abundance of the BHBs corresponding to the best-fitting isochrones is from 0.247 to 0.350. We have estimated various physical parameters of the newly identified EHB star in the cluster using SED fit and post-HB evolutionary tracks. We have studied the radial distribution of all the sources of the cluster detected in UVIT. The sources detected in FUV filters extend beyond the half-light radius (1.15 arcmin) of the cluster, whereas the sources detected in NUV filters extend beyond the tidal radius (9.2 arcmin) of the cluster.
Automatic identification of outliers in Hubble Space Telescope galaxy images
Authors: Shamir Lior 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Rare extragalactic objects can carry substantial information about the past, present, and future universe. Given the size of astronomical data bases in the information era, it can be assumed that very many outlier galaxies are included in existing and future astronomical data bases. However, manual search for these objects is impractical due to the required labour, and therefore the ability to detect such objects largely depends on computer algorithms. This paper describes an unsupervised machine learning algorithm for automatic detection of outlier galaxy images, and its application to several Hubble Space Telescope fields. The algorithm does not require training, and therefore is not dependent on the preparation of clean training sets. The application of the algorithm to a large collection of galaxies detected a variety of outlier galaxy images. The algorithm is not perfect in the sense that not all objects detected by the algorithm are indeed considered outliers, but it reduces the data set by two orders of magnitude to allow practical manual identification. The catalogue contains 147 objects that would be very difficult to identify without using automation.
ExoMol line lists – XLI. High-temperature molecular line lists for the alkali metal hydroxides KOH and NaOH
Authors: Owens A , Tennyson J , Yurchenko S N 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are expected to occur in the atmospheres of hot rocky super-Earth exoplanets but a lack of spectroscopic data is hampering their potential detection. Using robust first-principles methodologies, comprehensive molecular line lists for KOH and NaOH that are applicable for temperatures up to T = 3500 K are presented. The KOH OYT4 line list covers the 0–6000 cm−1 (wavelengths λ &gt; 1.67 µm) range and comprises 38 billion transitions between 7.3 million energy levels with rotational excitation up to J = 255. The NaOH OYT5 line list covers the 0–9000 cm−1 (wavelengths λ &gt; 1.11 µm) range and contains almost 50 billion lines involving 7.9 million molecular states with rotational excitation up to J = 206. The OYT4 and OYT5 line lists are available from the ExoMol database at www.exomol.com and should greatly aid the study of hot rocky exoplanets.
Decentralizing Money: Bitcoin Prices and Blockchain Security
Authors: Pagnotta Emiliano S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We address the determination of bitcoin prices and decentralized security. Users forecast the transactional and resale values of holdings, pricing the risk of systemic attacks. Miners contribute resources to protect against attackers and compete for block rewards. Bitcoin’s design leads to multiple equilibria: the same blockchain technology is consistent with sharply different price and security levels. Bitcoin’s monetary policy can lead to welfare losses and deviations from quantity theory. Price-security feedback amplifies fundamental shocks’ volatility impact and leads to boom and busts unconnected to fundamentals. We characterize how viability versus fiat currency depends on bitcoin’s relative acceptability and inflation protection.
FEATURES AND OUTCOMES OF EYES THAT UNDERWENT SURGICAL REPAIR OF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENTS AFTER BEING TREATED FOR ACUTE ENDOPHTHALMITIS
Authors: Dong Libing K. , Shields Ryan A. , Subramanian Sam , Lee Ramon , Wa Christianne A. , Ruby Alan J. , Hassan Tarek S. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate the etiology, clinical course, and outcomes of eyes that suffered postendophthalmitis rhegmatogenous retinal detachments.

Methods:
A retrospective, consecutive case series was conducted of patients managed at Associated Retinal Consultants P.C. from January 2013 to December 2019. Patients were identified as having had endophthalmitis by ICD-9/10 codes. Those with endophthalmitis and/or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment not managed at Associated Retinal Consultants from January were excluded.

Results:
Charts of 413 patients were reviewed and 19 met inclusion criteria. Incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment following infectious endophthalmitis was 4.6%. The most common inciting events for endophthalmitis was intravitreal injection (9 of 19) and cataract surgery (7 of 19). Fifteen of 19 patients were treated with an injection of intravitreal antibiotics and 4 underwent immediate vitrectomy with antibiotic injection. Biopsy cultures were obtained in 18 of 19 patients and yielded positive growth in 12 (66.7%). Seventeen of the 19 eyes were operable. Final retinal reattachment rate was 88.2% (15 of 17). Mean final logMAR visual acuity was 1.58 (Snellen 20/765). Factors associated with worse final visual acuity after surgical repair included preceding intravitreal injection (P = 0.001), streptococcus species (P = 0.024), presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (P = 0.015), and use of silicone oil during primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair (P = 0.010).

Conclusion:
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments following endophthalmitis occur infrequently. Although most eyes can be repaired surgically, visual outcomes are often poor, particularly in eyes that were infected with streptococcal species and had associated proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
Contemporary Practice as a Board-Certified Pediatric Clinical Specialist: A Practice Analysis
Authors: Kenyon Lisa K. , Dole Robin L. , Gibbs Kiley C. , Lundeen Heather , Barnhart Robert C. , Farroni Laurie , Moore James G. , Garcia Maria , Wild Dana 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
The purpose of the 2019 practice analysis was to identify the elements of contemporary practice as a board-certified pediatric clinical specialist.

Methods:
Consistent with the processes of the American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties (ABPTS), a subject matter expert panel used consensus-based processes to develop a survey to gather information concerning the knowledge areas, professional roles and responsibilities, practice expectations, and practice demographics of board-certified pediatric clinical specialists. The web-based survey was divided into 3 parts and administered to 3 separate groups of board-certified pediatric clinical specialists.

Results:
Survey responses from 323 clinical specialists provided data to support confirmation and revision of the Description of Specialty Practice (DSP) for pediatrics.

Conclusions:
The revised DSP will provide contemporary practice information to inform the ABPTS specialist examination blueprint and the curricula of credentialed residency programs in pediatric physical therapy.
Intraobserver Reliability and Construct Validity of the Squat Test in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Eken Maaike M. , Dallmeijer Annet J. , Buizer Annemieke I. , Hogervorst Saskia , van Hutten Kim , Piening Marjolein , van der Krogt Marjolein , Houdijk Han 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
This study evaluated intraobserver reliability and construct validity of the squat test to assess lower extremity strength in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and spastic diplegia.

Methods:
Children with CP performed 2 trials of the squat test and calculated the intraclass correlation coefficient to evaluate intraobserver reliability. Correlations between outcomes of hand-held dynamometry (HHD) of knee extensor strength and an 8-repetition maximum (8RM) leg press test and the squat test were calculated to evaluate construct validity.

Results:
Excellent intraobserver reliability was observed for the squat test. Correlations between squat test performance and HHD knee extension and 8RM leg press test demonstrated good construct validity.

Conclusions:
The squat test is a reliable and valid tool to assess lower extremity strength in children with CP and spastic diplegia. The squat test is inexpensive and less time-consuming, and therefore particularly suitable for clinicians.
Sedentary Behavior in Children With Cerebral Palsy Between 1.5 and 12 Years: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Reedman Sarah E. , Johnson Emily , Sakzewski Leanne , Gomersall Sjaan , Trost Stewart G. , Boyd Roslyn N. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
To determine longitudinal change in sedentary behavior in children with cerebral palsy (CP) from 1.5 to 12 years.

Methods:
Ninety-one children, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to III, who participated in a large longitudinal cohort study were participants. Longitudinal change was analyzed in objectively measured sedentary behavior and associations with sex, body mass index Z score, and socioeconomic status. Moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) was estimated at 8 to 12 years.

Results:
Average sedentary minutes/day peaked at 4 years in children at GMFCS I and 5 years in children at GMFCS II to III, then plateaued. Male sex was associated with increased sedentary behavior. At 8 to 12 years, children at GMFCS I, II, and III accumulated on average 54, 47, and 14 minutes/day, respectively, of MVPA.

Conclusions:
When measured to 12 years, sedentary behavior peaks by 5 years for children with CP who are walking with differences in trajectory according to GMFCS.
Improving Patient Outcomes by Addressing Provider Variation in Emergency Department Asthma Care
Authors: Hartford Emily Altick , Klein Eileen J. , Migita Russell , Richling Stephanie , Chen Jingyang , Rutman Lori E. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
Asthma exacerbations are frequent in the pediatric emergency department (ED) and result in significant morbidity and costs; standardized treatment improves outcomes. In this study, we aimed to use provider adherence data and the associated patient outcomes as an intervention to change behavior and improve care.

Methods:
We used a retrospective cohort design to analyze 2 years of baseline data for asthma patient encounters. Providers were classified based on guideline adherence. We compared patient outcomes by provider adherence using Mann–Whitney U and Fisher’s exact test. Our intervention included education with data feedback and peer comparison. We then analyzed changes in guideline adherence, the proportion of patients admitted, length of stay (LOS), and costs for this population over time using statistical process control charts.

Results:
In our baseline data analysis, patients seen by less adherent physicians had a higher likelihood of admission (65.1% versus 50.8%, P < 0.001), a longer ED LOS (4.7 versus 4.2 h, P = 0.007), and higher costs ($1,896.20 versus $1,728.50, P < 0.001). Using SPC analysis, there was an improvement in guideline adherence by providers (64%–77%) with a mirrored improvement in patient adherence (76%–84%) associated with our interventions. Admissions decreased 1 year after the intervention; ED LOS and returns remained unchanged.

Conclusion:
In this study, we evaluated patient outcomes according to provider adherence to a clinical guideline and used the results to change provider behavior and improve patient outcomes. Active provision of feedback with peer comparison for providers was associated with improved adherence over time.
CPR during COVID-19: Use of Expert-driven Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice to Implement PALS Guidelines
Authors: Nichols Blake E. , McMichael Ali B.V. , Volk A. Paige Davis , Bhaskar Priya , Bowens Cindy Darnell 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
The American Heart Association (AHA) and other national institutions have endorsed modifications to resuscitation guidelines given the risk of healthcare workers’ (HCWs) exposure to COVID-19. Institutional implementation of the COVID-19-focused guidelines requires both proof of feasibility and education of HCW. Pediatric critical care medical directors at The University of Texas Southwestern/Children’s Health System of Texas (UTSW/CHST) created a guideline for the resuscitation of COVID-19 patients. The simulation team used in situ simulation to demonstrate guideline feasibility and to create educational materials.

Methods:
A UTSW/CHST guideline incorporated COVID-19-focused AHA and other national organizational recommendations to fit the institutional needs. A high-fidelity in situ simulation helped test the feasibility and optimize the UTSW/CHST guideline. We developed a novel form of rapid cycle deliberate practice (RCDP), expert-driven RCDP, in which all simulation participants are experts, to debrief the simulation.

Results:
In situ simulation with expert-driven RCDP demonstrated guideline feasibility in the resuscitation of a COVID-19 patient while balancing the protection of HCW. Expert-driven RCDP allowed for real-time alterations to the guideline during the simulation event. Video recording and dissemination of the simulation allowed for the education of over 300 staff on the new recommendations.

Conclusions:
High-fidelity in situ simulation with expert-driven RCDP created a rapid consensus among expert critical care providers to develop the UTSW/CHST guideline and quickly adopt the new AHA recommendations. This debriefing method helped minimize the risk of HCW exposure by minimizing the number of required participants and time for simulation. We recommend using this distinctive, expert-driven RCDP debriefing method for expeditious testing of COVID-19-focused processes at other institutions.

Video Abstract available at: [link forthcoming]
Optimizing Professional Practice Evaluation to Enable a Nonpunitive Learning Health System Approach to Peer Review
Authors: Sandborg Christy I. , Hartman Gary E. , Su Felice , Williams Glyn , Teufe Beate , Wixson Nina , Larson David B. , Donnelly Lane F. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
Healthcare organizations are focused on 2 different and sometimes conflicting tasks; (1) accelerate the improvement of clinical care delivery and (2) collect provider-specific data to determine the competency of providers. We describe creating a process to meet both of these aims while maintaining a culture that fosters improvement and teamwork.

Methods:
We created a new process to sequester activities related to learning and improvement from those focused on individual provider performance. We describe this process, including data on the number and type of cases reviewed and survey results of the participant’s perception of the new process.

Results:
In the new model, professional practice evaluation committees evaluate events purely to identify system issues and human factors related to medical decision-making, resulting in actional improvements. There are separate and sequestered processes that evaluate concerns around an individual provider’s clinical competence or behavior. During the first 5 years of this process, 207 of 217 activities (99.5%) related to system issues rather than issues concerning individual provider competence or behavior. Participants perceived the new process as focused on identifying system errors (4.3/5), nonpunitive (4.2/5), an improvement (4.0/5), and helped with engagement in our system and contributed to wellness (4.0/5).

Conclusion:
We believe this sequestered approach has enabled us to achieve both the oversight mandates to ensure provider competence while enabling a learning health systems approach to build the cultural aspects of trust and teamwork that are essential to driving continuous improvement in our system of care.
A Quality Improvement Learning Collaborative for Human Papillomavirus Vaccination
Authors: Oliver Kristin , Beskin Kera , Noonan Laura , Shah Amy , Perkins Rebecca , Humiston Sharon 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
Many published accounts have shown that quality improvement (QI) initiatives within medical practice settings can increase vaccination rates. Project ECHO is a telementoring platform that uses video conferencing technology to educate and support healthcare professionals through case-based learning and brief lectures. This manuscript explores the results of a learning collaborative focused on combining QI and Project ECHO to increase human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates within pediatric practices.

Methods:
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recruited 3 AAP chapters that then recruited individual pediatricians and their practices for participation. Participants responded to surveys regarding chapter and pediatrician experience and satisfaction. Impact on HPV immunization rates (HPV initiation, series completion, and missed opportunities to vaccinate during visits) was measured using practice reports of chart reviews to AAP’s data aggregator, which produced run charts.

Results:
Thirty-four pediatricians within 8 practices completed the project; 1 practice withdrew. Physicians self-reported increased confidence in communicating with vaccine-hesitant families and implementing QI activities. We analyzed practice run charts utilizing QI run chart rules and found nonrandom change towards improvement for aggregate missed opportunities to vaccinate but not for HPV vaccine initiation or series completion.

Conclusions:
An HPV QI learning collaborative improved participant confidence in HPV vaccine communication and QI skills and decreased missed opportunities to vaccinate. Future projects should consider a more extended project period or more frequent data collection to reduce data variability to make it easier to spot nonrandom changes.
Improving chromatin-interaction prediction using single-cell open-chromatin profile and making insight about the cis-regulatory landscape of the human brain
Authors: Pandey Neetesh , Chandra Omkar , Mishra Shreya , Kumar Vibhor 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSingle-cell open-chromatin profiles have the potential to reveal the pattern of chromatin-interaction in a cell-type. However, currently available cis-regulatory network prediction methods using single-cell open-chromatin profiles focus more on local chromatin-interactions despite the fact that long-range interaction among genomic sites plays a significant role in gene regulation. Here, we propose a method that predicts both local and long-range interactions among genomic sites using single-cell open chromatin profiles. Using our method’s better sensitivity, we could predict almost 0.7 million interactions among genomic sites across 7 cell-types in the human brain. The chromatin-interactions estimated in the human brain revealed surprising but useful insight about target genes of human-accelerated-elements and disease-associated mutations.