bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
855 Reconstruction of Severe Burns to the Breast in Pediatric Patients: A Ten-year Experience
Authors: Sadeq Farzin , Cauley Ryan , Depamphilis Matthew A , Driscoll Daniel N , Ehrlichman Richard J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
The breast and anterior chest are the most commonly burned part of the trunk. Burn injuries to the breast can be associated with pain, asymmetries, and significant social stigma. Burns to the breast bud in the young female may inhibit normal breast development, and result in either significant asymmetries or amastia, making the treatment of breast burn injuries challenging.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was conducted on all female patients under the age of 21 years admitted to our institution for breast burn injuries from January 1st 2008 – December 30th 2018.This project was undertaken at our institution as an exempt project under 45 CFR 46.101 and, as such, it was not formally supervised by an Institutional Review Board. Patients were included if they had follow-up reconstructive procedures for breast burn injuries many days after their acute phase treatment.

Results
Ninety-six patients aged 1 to 20 years have been admitted to our institution with burned breast injuries. The mean age of this cohort (n=96) was 6.4 ±4.8 years with a mean percent TBSA of 36.3 ±21.4 and a mean time since injury from admission of 2279.1 ±2284.1 days. Flame burns (66.8%) were the most common etiology for breast burn injuries, followed by scald burns (22.8%), in this cohort. The mean body mass index was 22.7 ±6.3 kg/m2. Follow up for reconstructive procedures was 7.2 ±5.6 years after injury date.

Conclusions
Our institution’s ten-year experience of 96 female patients with severe burn injuries has enhanced our understanding of reconstructive techniques. The location, size, anatomic extent, type of deformity, and symmetry must all be assessed before any treatment plans, which may need to include a combination of modalities.

Applicability of Research to Practice
Most importantly, surgeons must preserve viable breast bud tissue during debridement. Scar contractures should be released once there are signs of breast development, and the scar contracture significantly impairs normal breast development. Treatment of these contractures with a combination of release and grafting, local flaps or tissue expansion can reduce breast asymmetry. Reduction mammoplasty may be used safely in burned female patients with minimal risks, if key principles are followed.
860 Impact of Orally Administered Tramadol Combined with Self-selected Music on Adult Outpatients with Burns Undergoing Dressing Change: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Xiu-Hang , Yu Jia-Ao , Chen Xin-Xin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Burn injuries have significant physiological and psychological consequences. Dressing changes have been considered the most painful among all non-surgical procedures. Anxiety, which is closely associated with pain, is a part of the burn and wound-healing process and can cause delays in wound healing and recovery procedures. In addition, anxiety may have a devastating mental and physical influence on patients.What’s more,patients whose symptoms were not adequately alleviated are likely to suffer more in their subsequent dressing changes. Pharmacological treatment is the primary approach for relieving pain and anxiety related to burns. In comparison with traditional analgesics, tramadol is a more manageable drug under clinical conditions. However, due to the variability of the intensity of pain and anxiety in patients, the two symptoms remain under-treated. Recently, much attention has been paid to pain management approaches that combine pharmacological treatments with non-pharmacological therapies. In this regard, this study was designed to analyze the effect of tramadol and its combination with self-selected music on burn patient.

Methods
To investigate the effects of music and/or tramadol on pain and anxiety in burn outpatients undergoing dressing changes. Patients (N = 180) with burns on up to 10%-30% of the total body surface area (TBSA). The patients were selected using a convenience sampling method and randomly allocated to 4 equal-sized groups as follows: 1) tramadol group (TG), patients received 100 mg of tramadol orally 20 min before the dressing change; 2) music group (MG), patients listened to self-selected music during the dressing change; 3) music-plus-tramadol group (MTG), patients received tramadol and listened to self-selected music; and 4) control group (CG), patients received a routine dressing change only. All patients underwent the interventions once per day for 2 days. McGill Pain Questionnaire Short Form (MPQ-SF) (primary outcome), McGill Pain Persian version of Burn Specific Pain Anxiety Scale (BSPAS) (primary outcome), and heart rate (HR) and overall patient satisfaction (secondary outcomes).

Results
The results showed that MTG had better outcomes with respect to pain and anxiety management during dressing changes.

Conclusions
In comparison with music or tramadol alone, the integration of music and tramadol offers a secure and favorable treatment choice to relieve pain and anxiety, ultimately improving the satisfaction levels of burn outpatients during dressing changes.

Applicability of Research to Practice
The findings showed that the combined approach was more effective in reducing pain and anxiety among the outpatients, as the findings outline the potential use of this technique in the management of dressing changes in burn outpatients.
865 Assessing Opioid Administration in Pediatric Burn Patients with Nonsurgical Management
Authors: Richards Holden , Shi Junxin , Thakkar Rajan , Giles Sheila , Wheeler Krista K , Fabia Renata 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Despite the vast literature studying the opioid crisis, there is sparse data in the pediatric burn population. This study sought to assess patient-level characteristics and their potential effects on opioid administration in nonsurgical pediatric burn inpatients.

Methods
Admitted burn patients from 2013–2018 with nonsurgical management at an American Burn Association (ABA) verified pediatric burn center were retrospectively identified. Morphine milligram equivalents by weight (MME/kg) per admission were evaluated through a multiple loglinear regression with race, sex, age, total body surface area burned (TBSA), and burn depth as predictors. Simple linear regression was used to evaluate the temporal trend of median opioid utilization.

Results
A total of 806 patients (55% White, 35% Black, 5% Hispanic, 5% Other) were included. In an adjusted analysis, no differences in opioid administration were seen by sex, burn degree, or for Blacks and Hispanics when compared with Whites. Increased MME/kg was associated with older age (10–18 years; p&lt; 0.0001) and larger burns (&gt;5% TBSA burned; p&lt; 0.0001). From 2013 to 2018, median MME/kg per admission declined significantly (2013:0.21, 2018:0.09; p=0.0103).

Conclusions
Nonsurgical burn patients who were older and presented with larger TBSA experienced marked increases in opioid utilization. Overall, opioid administration decreased over time.

Applicability of Research to Practice
Future pediatric burn research should evaluate disparities in opioid administration based on injury location and surgical management. Further, the accuracy of pain scores for non-verbal pediatric burn patients should be studied as discrepancies in opioid utilization exist.
Inverse mass hierarchy of light scalar mesons driven by anomaly-induced flavor breaking
Authors: Kuroda Yoshiki , Harada Masayasu , Matsuzaki Shinya , Jido Daisuke 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We propose a novel mechanism to reproduce the observed mass hierarchy for scalar mesons lighter than 1 GeV (called the inverse hierarchy), regarding them as mesons made of a quark and an anti-quark ($q\bar{q}$ mesons). The source is provided by the SU(3) flavor-symmetry breaking induced by the U(1) axial anomaly. In particular, the anomaly term including the explicit chiral symmetry breaking plays a significant role in the light scalar meson spectrum. To be concrete, we construct a linear sigma model for scalar mesons of $q\bar{q}$ type together with their pseudoscalar chiral partners, including an anomaly-induced explicit chiral symmetry-breaking term. We find that, due to the proposed mechanism, the inverse hierarchy, i.e., $m\left[ a_0 (980) \right] \simeq m\left[ f_0 (980) \right] &gt; m \left[ K_0^\ast (700) \right] &gt; m \left[ f_0(500) \right]$, is indeed realized. Consequently, the quark content of $f_0 (500)$ is dominated by the isoscalar $\bar uu+ \bar dd$ component, and $f_0 (980)$ by the strange quark bilinear one, $s\bar{s}$.
Latent Profiles of Parenting among Women Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Grogan-Kaylor Andrew , Galano Maria M , Stein Sara F , Clark Hannah M , Graham-Bermann Sandra A 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) continues to be a widely prevalent problem and has strong negative consequences for women and children. Parenting effectively (for example, practicing warm and supportive parenting and refraining from the use of physical discipline) may be very difficult for women who have experienced IPV and who have children. At the same time, parenting behaviors such as the use of warm and supportive parenting or the use of physical discipline, have consequences for children’s mental and emotional well-being and also for their development. Latent profile analysis was used to examine parenting behavior using data from 184 participants in a study of women and children exposed to IPV. The results of this analysis suggested two closely similar underlying latent profiles of parenting behavior. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications, including possible new directions for reducing stigma and decreasing rates of child maltreatment.
Lactobacillus enshiensis sp. nov., a novel arsenic-resistant bacterium
Authors: Zhang Zhendong , Wang Yurong , Hou Qiangchuan , Zhao Huijun , Li Weicheng , Sun Zhihong , Guo Zhuang 
Published: March 2020

A lactic acid bacterial strain, HBUAS57009T, isolated from traditionally fermented food (Zha-Chili) in China, was characterized to clarify its taxonomic status using a polyphasic approach. Strain HBUAS57009T was phylogenetically closely related to

Lactobacillus koreensis

DCY50T,

Lactobacillus fujinensis

218-6T,

Lactobacillus mulengensis

112-3T,

Lactobacillus cerevisiae

TUM BP 140423000-2250T,

Lactobacillus tongjiangensis

218-10T and

Lactobacillus yonginensis

THK-V8T with sequence similarities of 98.6–99.3 %. The genome-to-genome distance and average nucleotide identity values between the genomes of strain HBUAS57009T and type strains of closely related

Lactobacillus

species were less than 32.0 and 86.0 %, respectively; this is below the threshold for species boundaries. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0, C18 : 1
ω9c and iso-C19 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain HBUAS57009T was 47.8 mol%. Examination of the functional categories of the genome revealed that strain HBUAS57009T could perform both homolactic and heterolactic fermentation processes to produce lactic acid via complete glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. The putative biosynthesis pathway of butane-2,3-diol and acetoin, two important flavour compounds in the food industry, were identified using kegg mapper analysis. Based on its genotypic and phenotypic features, strain HBUAS57009T (=GDMCC 1.1664T=KACC 21424T) is designated as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Lactobacillus enshiensis sp. nov. is proposed.
Dynamics of within-hostMycobacterium tuberculosisdiversity and heteroresistance during treatment
Authors: Nimmo Camus , Brien Kayleen , Millard James , Grant Alison D. , Padayatchi Nesri , Pym Alexander S. , O’Donnell Max , Goldstein Richard , Breuer Judith , Balloux François 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudying within-host genetic diversity ofMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) in patients during treatment may identify adaptations to antibiotic and immune pressure. Understanding the significance of genetic heteroresistance, and more specifically heterozygous resistance-associated variants (RAVs), is clinically important given increasing use of rapid molecular tests and whole genome sequencing (WGS).MethodsWe analyse data from six studies in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Most patients (>75%) had baseline rifampicin-resistance. Sputum was collected for culture at baseline and at between two and nine intervals until month six. Positive cultures underwent WGS. Mixed infections and reinfections were excluded from analysis.FindingsBaselineMtboverall genetic diversity (at treatment initiation or major change to regimen) was associated with cavitary disease, not taking antiretroviral therapy if HIV infected, infection with lineage 2 strains and absence of second-line drug resistance on univariate analyses. Baseline genetic diversity was not associated with six-month outcome. Genetic diversity increased from baseline to weeks one and two before returning to previous levels. Baseline genetic heteroresistance was most common for bedaquiline (6/10 [60%] of isolates with RAVs) and fluoroquinolones (9/62 [13%]). Most patients with heterozygous RAVs on WGS with sequential isolates available demonstrated persistence or fixation (17/20, 85%). New RAVs emerged in 9/286 (3%) patients during treatment. We could detect low-frequency RAVs preceding emergent resistance in only one case, although validation of deep sequencing to detect rare variants is required.InterpretationIn this study of single-strainMtbinfections, baseline within-host bacterial genetic diversity did not predict outcome but may reveal adaptations to host and drug pressures. Predicting emergent resistance from low-frequency RAVs requires further work to separate transient from consequential mutations.FundingWellcome Trust, NIH/NIAID
Honey bee suppresses the parasitic mite Vitellogenin by antimicrobial peptide
Authors: Wu Yunfei , Liu Qiushi , Weiss Benjamin , Kaltenpoth Martin , Kadowaki Tatsuhiko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe negative effects of honey bee parasitic mites and deformed wing virus (DWV) on honey bee and colony health have been well characterized. However, the relationship between DWV and mites, particularly viral replication inside the mites, remains unclear. Furthermore, the physiological outcomes of honey bee immune responses stimulated by DWV and the mite to the host (honey bee) and perhaps the pathogen/parasite (DWV/mite) are not yet understood. To answer these questions, we studied the tripartite interactions between the honey bee,Tropilaelaps mercedesae, and DWV as the model.T. mercedesaefunctioned as a vector for DWV without supporting active viral replication. Thus, DWV negligibly affected mite fitness. Mite infestation induced mRNA expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), Defensin-1 and Hymenoptaecin, which correlated with DWV copy number in honey bee pupae and mite feeding, respectively. FeedingT. mercedesaewith fruit fly S2 cells heterologously expressing honey bee Hymenoptaecin significantly downregulated miteVitellogeninexpression, indicating that the honey bee AMP manipulates mite reproduction upon feeding on bee. Our results provide insights into the mechanism of DWV transmission by the honey bee parasitic mite to the host, and the novel role of AMP in defending against mite infestation.
Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study
Authors: Tan Li , Wang Qi , Zhang Duanyang , Ding Jinya , Huang Qianchuan , Tang Yi-Quan , Wang Qiongshu , Miao Hongming 
Published: March 2020

SummaryBackgroundCoronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly escalating epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Identification of a simple and effective indicator to assess disease severity and prognosis is urgently needed.MethodsDynamic changes of blood lymphocyte percentage (LYM%) in 15 death cases, 15 severe cases as well as 40 moderate cases of COVID-19 patients were retrospectively analyzed. A Time-LYM% model (TLM) was established according to the descriptive studies and was validated in 92 hospitalized cases.ResultsResults from death and severe cases showed that LYM% in blood tests were inversely associated with the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. LYM% in moderate type of patients with COVID-19 remained higher than 20% 10-12 days after symptom onset. In contrast, LYM% was lower than 20% in severe cases. However, LYM% in severe cases was higher than 5% 17-19 days after the onset of the disease, while it fell below 5% in death cases. Accordingly, we established a Time-LYM% model (TLM), which was validated as an independent criterion of disease classification in another 92 hospitalized patients with COVID-19.ConclusionLymphopenia can be used as an indicator of disease severity and prognosis of COVID-19 patients. TLM is worth of application in the clinical practice.
Transcriptional down-regulation of metabolic genes by Gdown1 ablation induces quiescent cell re-entry into the cell cycle
Authors: Jishage Miki , Ito Keiichi , Chu Chi-Shuen , Wang Xiaoling , Yamaji Masashi , Roeder Robert G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLiver regeneration and metabolism are highly interconnected. Here, we show that hepatocyte-specific ablation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-associated Gdown1 leads to down-regulation of highly expressed genes involved in plasma protein synthesis and metabolism, a concomitant cell cycle re-entry associated with induction of cell cycle-related genes (includingcyclin D1). and up-regulation ofp21through activation of p53 signaling. In the absence of p53, Gdown1-deficient hepatocytes show a severe dysregulation of cell cycle progression, with incomplete mitoses, and a pre-malignant-like transformation. Mechanistically, Gdown1 is associated with elongating Pol II on the highly expressed genes and its ablation leads to reduced Pol II recruitment to these genes, suggesting that Pol II redistribution may facilitate hepatocyte re-entry into the cell cycle. These results establish an important physiological function for a Pol II regulatory factor (Gdown1) in the maintenance of normal liver cell transcription through constraints on cell cycle re-entry of quiescent hepatocytes.
Essential PBP1-associated proteins ofTrypanosoma brucei
Authors: Nascimento L. , Terrao M. , Marucha KK. , Liu B. , Egler F. , Clayton C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractControl of gene expression in kinetoplastids depends heavily on RNA-binding proteins that influence mRNA decay and translation. We previously showed that MKT1 interacts with PBP1, which in turn recruits LSM12 and poly(A) binding protein. MKT1 is recruited to mRNA by sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins, resulting in stabilisation of mRNA. We here show that PBP1, LSM12 and an additional 117-residue protein, XAC1 (Tb927.7.2780), are present in complexes that contain either MKT1 or MKT1L (Tb927.10.1490). All five proteins are present predominantly in the complexes, and there was evidence for a minor subset of complexes that contained both MKT1 and MKT1L. MKT1 appeared to be associated with many mRNAs, with the exception of those encoding ribosomal proteins. XAC1-containing complexes reproducibly contained RNA-binding proteins that were previously found associated with MKT1. In addition, however, XAC1- or MKT1-containing complexes specifically recruit one of the six translation initiation complexes, EIF4E6-EIF4G5; and yeast 2-hybrid assay results indicated that MKT1 interacts with EIF4G5. The C-terminus of MKT1L resembles MKT1: it contains MKT1 domains and a PIN domain that is probably not active as an endonuclease. MKT1L, however, also has an N-terminal extension with regions of low-complexity. Although MKT1L depletion inhibited cell proliferation, we found no evidence for specific interactions with RNA-binding proteins or mRNA. Deletion of the N-terminal extension, however, enabled MKT1L to interact with EIF4E6. We speculate that MKT1L may either enhance or inhibit the functions of MKT1-containing complexes.
Making Good Choices: Social Interaction in Mice Mitigates Chronic Stress-Induced Adaptive Changes in Decision Making
Authors: Rakshasa Arish Mudra , Tong Michelle T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractChronic stress can impact decision-making and lead to a preference for immediate rewards rather than long-term payoffs. Factors that may mitigate these effects of chronic stress on decision-making are under-explored. Here we used a mouse model to investigate the changes in decision-making caused by the experience of chronic stress and the role of social interaction in attenuating these changes. To test decision-making, mice were trained to perform a Cost-Benefit Conflict (CBC) task on a T-maze, in which they could choose between a high-reward, high-risk alternative and a low-reward, low-risk alternative. Mice were either housed in groups or alone throughout the experiment. Both groups of mice underwent a seven-day period of repeated immobilisation to induce chronic stress. Stress levels were confirmed using behavioural (open field test) and physiological (urine corticosterone ELISA) measures. We found a significant increase in frequency of high-risk decisions after exposure to chronic stress among both socially- and individually-housed mice. Crucially, socially-housed mice showed a significantly smaller increase in high-risk decision-making compared to singly-housed mice. These findings suggest that although chronic stress leads to an increase in high-risk decision-making in mice, access to social interaction may mitigate this stress effect.
Personality traits change after an opportunity to mate
Authors: Monestier Chloé , Bell Alison M. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTThere is growing evidence that personality traits can change throughout the life course in humans and nonhuman animals. However, the proximate and ultimate causes of personality trait change are largely unknown, especially in adults. In a controlled, longitudinal experiment, we tested whether a key life event for adults – mating – can cause personality traits to change in female threespine sticklebacks. We confirmed that there are consistent individual differences in activity, sociability and risk taking, and then compared these personality traits among three groups of females: 1) control females; 2) females that physically mated; 3) females that socially experienced courtship but did not mate. Both the physical experience of mating and the social experience of courtship caused females to become less willing to take risks and less social. To understand the proximate mechanisms underlying these changes, we measured levels of excreted steroids. Both the physical experience of mating and the social experience of courtship caused levels of dihydroxyprogesterone (17α,20β-P) to increase, and females with higher 17α,20β-P were less willing to take risks and less social. These results provide experimental evidence that personality traits and their underlying neuroendocrine correlates are influenced by formative social and life-history experiences well into adulthood.