bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of some of experimental and numerical studies of self‐crack‐healing in ceramics
Authors: Hammood Israa , Barber Gary , Wang Bingxu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCeramics can be used in many applications including aeroengine turbine blades, gas turbine blades, high‐performance bearings, and many other applications that require high temperature service; however, these ceramics are subjected to thermal and mechanical stresses during/while being used in service. Residual stresses may eventually cause microcracks (internal and surface cracks) and the failure of the component in use, hence limiting their use as structural engineering materials; for this reason, applying or inducing self‐crack‐healing ability would be the solution to overcome such problems. Developing new materials with an inherent ability to heal the cracks and increasing resistance to fracture wear and corrosion has been the goal for many researchers in the field of science and engineering and manufacturers. Great benefits can be expected from the components in use while applying self‐healing ability, such as reducing maintenance, inspection, and the cost of machining and polishing, which enhance the reliability and the lifespan of the component in use hence meeting the needs of many industries like automotive, space, aerospace. Consequently, many attempts have been made to imitate the mechanisms of biological systems to design self‐healing materials and coatings which can result in complete recovery and functionality of the component. These research studies are reviewed and summarized in this review manuscript.
Catalytic Enantioselective Isocyanide‐Based Reactions: Beyond Passerini and Ugi Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Luo Jian , Chen Guo‐Shu , Chen Shu‐Jie , Li Zhao‐Dong , Liu Yun‐Lin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of catalytic enantioselective isocyanide‐based reactions is currently of great interest because the resulting products are valuable in organic synthesis, pharmacological chemistry, and materials science. This review assembles and comprehensively summarizes the recent achievements in this rapidly growing area according to the reaction types. Special attention is paid to the advantages, limitations, possible mechanisms, and synthetic applications of each reaction. In addition, a personal outlook on the opportunities for further exploration is given at the end.
Lanthanoid Complexes as Molecular Materials: The Redox Approach
Authors: Hay Moya A. , Boskovic Colette 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe development of molecular materials with novel functionality offers promise for technological innovation. Switchable molecules that incorporate redox‐active components are enticing candidate compounds due to their potential for electronic manipulation. Lanthanoid metals are most prevalent in their trivalent state and usually redox‐activity in lanthanoid complexes is restricted to the ligand. The unique electronic and physical properties of lanthanoid ions have been exploited for various applications, including in magnetic and luminescent materials as well as in catalysis. Lanthanoid complexes are also promising for applications reliant on switchability, where the physical properties can be modulated by varying the oxidation state of a coordinated ligand. Lanthanoid‐based redox activity is also possible, encompassing both divalent and tetravalent metal oxidation states. Thus, utilization of redox‐active lanthanoid metals offers an attractive opportunity to further expand the capabilities of molecular materials. This review surveys both ligand and lanthanoid centered redox‐activity in pre‐existing molecular systems, including tuning of lanthanoid magnetic and photophysical properties by modulating the redox states of coordinated ligands. Ultimately the combination of redox‐activity at both ligands and metal centers in the same molecule can afford novel electronic structures and physical properties, including multiconfigurational electronic states and valence tautomerism. Further targeted exploration of these features is clearly warranted, both to enhance understanding of the underlying fundamental chemistry, and for the generation of a potentially important new class of molecular material.
Enhanced Adsorption of Polysulfides on Carbon Nanotubes/Boron Nitride Fibers for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Mengyuan , Fu Kun , Wang Zhixuan , Cao Chaochao , Yang Jingwen , Zhai Qinghong , Zhou Zheng , Ji Jiawei , Xue Yanming , Tang Chengchun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are one of the most promising high‐energy‐density storage systems. However, serious capacity attenuation and poor cycling stability induced by the shuttle effect of polysulfide intermediates can impede the practical application of Li‐S batteries. Herein we report a novel sulfur cathode by intertwining multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and porous boron nitride fibers (BNFs) for the subsequent loading of sulfur. This structural design enables trapping of active sulfur and serves to localize the soluble polysulfide within the cathode region, leading to low active material loss. Compared with CNTs/S, CNTs/BNFs/S cathodes deliver a high initial capacity of 1222 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. Upon increasing the current density to 4 C, the cell retained a capacity of 482 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles with a capacity decay of only 0.044 % per cycle. The design of CNTs/BNFs/S gives new insight on how to optimize cathodes for Li‐S batteries.
Hydrogen‐Bond‐Donor Solvents Enable Catalyst‐Free (Radio)‐Halogenation and Deuteration of Organoborons
Authors: Yang Yi , Gao Xinyan , Zeng Xiaojun , Han Junbin , Xu Bo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA hydrogen bond donor solvent assisted (radio)halogenation and deuteration of organoborons has been developed. The reactions exhibited high functional group tolerance and needed only an ambient atmosphere. Most importantly, compared to literature methods, our conditions are more consistent with the principals of green chemistry (e.g., metal‐free, strong oxidant‐free, more straightforward conditions).
What Determines the Selectivity of Arginine Dihydroxylation by the Nonheme Iron Enzyme OrfP?
Authors: Ali Hafiz Saqib , Henchman Richard H. , de Visser Sam P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe nonheme iron enzyme OrfP reacts with l‐Arg selectively to form the 3R,4R‐dihydroxyarginine product, which in mammals can inhibit the nitric oxide synthase enzymes involved in blood pressure control. To understand the mechanisms of dioxygen activation of l‐Arg by OrfP and how it enables two sequential oxidation cycles on the same substrate, we performed a density functional theory study on a large active site cluster model. We show that substrate binding and positioning in the active site guides a highly selective reaction through C3−H hydrogen atom abstraction. This happens despite the fact that the C3−H and C4−H bond strengths of l‐Arg are very similar. Electronic differences in the two hydrogen atom abstraction pathways drive the reaction with an initial C3−H activation to a low‐energy 5σ‐pathway, while substrate positioning destabilizes the C4−H abstraction and sends it over the higher‐lying 5π‐pathway. We show that substrate and monohydroxylated products are strongly bound in the substrate binding pocket and hence product release is difficult and consequently its lifetime will be long enough to trigger a second oxygenation cycle.
Benzylaminoethylureido‐Tailed Benzenesulfonamides Show Potent Inhibitory Activity against Bacterial Carbonic Anhydrases
Authors: Ali Majid , Angeli Andrea , Bozdag Murat , Carta Fabrizio , Capasso Clemente , Farooq Umar , Supuran Claudiu T. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA series of benzylaminoethylureido‐tailed benzenesulfonamides was analyzed for their inhibition potential against bacterial carbonic anhydrases (CAs) such as VhCA α, β, and γ from Vibrio cholerae, and BpsCA β and γ‐CAs from Burkholderia pseudomallei. Growing drug resistance against antibiotics demands alternative targets and mechanisms of action. As CA is essential for the survival of bacteria, such enzymes have the potential for developing new antibiotics. Most of the compounds presented excellent inhibition potential against VhCA γ compared to α and β, with Ki values in the range of 82.5–191.4 nM. Several sulfonamides exhibited excellent inhibition against BpsCA β with Ki values in the range of 394–742.8 nM. Recently it has been demonstrated that sufonamide CA inhibitors are effective against vancomycin‐resistant enterococci. These data show that CA inhibition of pathogenic bacteria may lead to a new class of antibiotics.
Anti‐Lingo‐1 antibody ameliorates spatial memory and synapse loss induced by chronic stress
Authors: Xie Yu‐han , Zhou Chun‐ni , Liang Xin , Tang Jing , Yang Chun‐mao , Luo Yan‐min , Chao Feng‐lei , Jiang Lin , Wang Jin , Qi Ying‐qiang , Zhu Pei‐lin , Li Yue , Xiao Kai , Tang Yong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChronic stress can induce cognitive impairment, and synapse number was significantly decreased in the hippocampus of rats suffering from chronic stress. Lingo‐1 is a potent negative regulator of axonal outgrowth and synaptic plasticity. In the current study, the effects of anti‐Lingo‐1 antibody on the spatial learning and memory abilities and hippocampal synapses of stressed rats were investigated. After 4 weeks of stress exposure, the model group was randomly divided into a chronic stress group and an anti‐Lingo‐1 group. Then, the anti‐Lingo‐1 group rats were treated with anti‐Lingo‐1 antibody (8 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. The effects of anti‐Lingo‐1 antibody on the spatial learning and memory abilities were investigated with the Morris water maze test. Immunohistological staining and an unbiased stereological method were used to estimate the total number of dendritic spine synapses in the hippocampus. At the behavioral level, after 3 weeks of treatment, the anti‐Lingo‐1 group rats displayed significantly more platform location crossings in the Morris water maze test than the chronic stress group rats. Anti‐Lingo‐1 significantly prevented the declines in dendritic spine synapses and postsynaptic density protein‐95 (PSD‐95) expression in the dentate gyrus and the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. The present results indicated that anti‐Lingo‐1 antibody may be a safe and effective drug for alleviating memory impairment in rats after chronic stress and protecting synapses in the hippocampus of stressed rats.
Identification of Glycochenodeoxycholate 3‐O‐Glucuronide and Glycodeoxycholate 3‐O‐Glucuronide as Highly Sensitive and Specific OATP1B1 Biomarkers
Authors: Neuvonen Mikko , Hirvensalo Päivi , Tornio Aleksi , Rago Brian , West Mark , Lazzaro Sarah , Mathialagan Sumathy , Varma Manthena , Cerny Matthew A. , Costales Chester , Ramanathan Ragu , Rodrigues A. David , Niemi Mikko 
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of endogenous glycochenodeoxycholate and glycodeoxycholate 3‐O‐glucuronides (GCDCA‐3G and GDCA‐3G) as substrates for organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) in humans. We measured fasting levels of plasma GCDCA‐3G and GDCA‐3G using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry in 356 healthy volunteers. The mean plasma levels of both compounds were ~ 50% lower in women than in men (P = 2.25 × 10−18 and P = 4.73 × 10−9). In a microarray‐based genome‐wide association study, the SLCO1B1 rs4149056 (c.521T>C, p.Val174Ala) variation showed the strongest association with the plasma GCDCA‐3G (P = 3.09 × 10−30) and GDCA‐3G (P = 1.60 × 10−17) concentrations. The mean plasma concentration of GCDCA‐3G was 9.2‐fold (P = 8.77 × 10−31) and that of GDCA‐3G was 6.4‐fold (P = 2.45x10−13) higher in individuals with the SLCO1B1 c.521C/C genotype than in those with the c.521T/T genotype. No other variants showed independent genome‐wide significant associations with GCDCA‐3G or GDCA‐3G. GCDCA‐3G was highly efficacious in detecting the SLCO1B1 c.521C/C genotype with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.996 (P < 0.0001). The sensitivity (98–99%) and specificity (100%) peaked at a cutoff value of 180 ng/mL for men and 90 ng/mL for women. In a haplotype‐based analysis, SLCO1B1*5 and *15 were associated with reduced, and SLCO1B1*1B, *14, and *35 with increased OATP1B1 function. In vitro, both GCDCA‐3G and GDCA‐3G showed at least 6 times higher uptake by OATP1B1 than OATP1B3 or OATP2B1. These data indicate that the hepatic uptake of GCDCA‐3G and GDCA‐3G is predominantly mediated by OATP1B1. GCDCA‐3G, in particular, is a highly sensitive and specific OATP1B1 biomarker in humans.
Synthesis of anti‐Markovnikov Alcohols via Epoxidation and Hydrogenation of Styrenes using Photocatalytically Generated Redox Equivalents
Authors: Graml Andreas , König Burkhard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe report an efficient method for a formal anti‐Markovnikov addition of water to styrenes through photocatalytic generation of redox equivalents, using a gold‐doped titanium dioxide (Au/TiO2) semiconductor as photocatalyst. Under irradiation with UV−A light, the photocatalytic activity of Au/TiO2 generates in situ under aerobic conditions hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and under anaerobic conditions dihydrogen (H2). In the presence of oxygen and a Ru catalyst, the epoxidation of different styrene derivatives is achieved. Subsequently, regioselective reductive Pd‐catalyzed epoxide opening in the absence of oxygen gives the corresponding 2‐phenylethanol derivatives.
Falling Leaves Return to Their Roots: A Review on the Preparation of γ‐Valerolactone from Lignocellulose and Its Application in the Conversion of Lignocellulose
Authors: Xu Rui , Liu Kun , Du Haishun , Liu Huayu , Cao Xuefei , Zhao Xiyang , Qu Guanzheng , Li Xiaoyun , Li Bin , Si Chuanling 
Published: September 2020

Abstractγ‐Valerolactone (GVL), derived from renewable lignocellulosic biomass, has been considered as a cost‐competitive and green platform chemical. With the increasingly prominent environmental problems, a deep understanding of the preparation and transformation of GVL is highly needed. Based on the latest progress made with GVL, preparation and applications of GVL are summarized and discussed in this Review. In particular, the state‐of‐the‐art in catalytic production of GVL is described based on the use of noble‐metal and non‐noble‐metal catalysts. The application of GVL for the valorization of lignocellulose would improve the yield of target products such as sugar monomers and furfural. Thus, GVL can be produced from lignocellulose and simultaneously it can also be used for the valorization of lignocellulose, just as in the sustainable and renewable cycle, “the falling leaves returns to their roots”. This Review is expected to provide valuable reference and new proposal for the further development and better utilization of GVL.
SIRT5 deficiency enhances the proliferative and therapeutic capacities of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells via metabolic switching
Authors: Ou Tiantong , Yang Wenlong , Li Wenjia , Lu Yijing , Dong Zheng , Zhu Hongming , Sun Xiaolei , Dong Zhen , Weng Xinyu , Chang Suchi , Li Hua , Li Yufan , Qiu Zhiwei , Hu Kai , Sun Aijun , Ge Junbo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have therapeutic potential for multiple ischemic diseases. However, in vitro expansion of MSCs before clinical application leads to metabolic reprogramming from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, drastically impairing their proliferative and therapeutic capacities. This study aimed to define the regulatory effects of Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) on the proliferative and therapeutic functions of adipose‐derived MSCs (ADMSCs) during in vitro expansion.MethodsADMSCs were isolated from wild‐type (WT) and Sirt5‐knockout (Sirt5−/−) mice. Cell counting assay was used to investigate the proliferative capacities of the ADMSCs. Dihydroethidium and senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase stainings were used to measure intracellular ROS and senescence levels. Mass spectrometry was used to analyze protein succinylation. Oxygen consumption rates and extra cellular acidification rates were measured as indicators of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. Metabolic‐related genes expression were verified by quantitative PCR and western blot. Hind limb ischemia mouse model was used to evaluate the therapeutic potentials of WT and Sirt5−/− ADSMCs.ResultsSIRT5 protein levels were upregulated in ADMCs during in vitro expansion. Sirt5−/− ADMSCs exhibited a higher proliferation rate, delayed senescence, and reduced ROS accumulation. Furthermore, elevated protein succinylation levels were observed in Sirt5−/− ADMSCs, leading to the reduced activity of tricarboxylic acid cycle‐related enzymes and attenuated mitochondrial respiration. Glucose uptake, glycolysis, and pentose phosphate pathway were elevated in Sirt5−/− ADMSCs. Inhibition of succinylation by glycine or re‐expression of Sirt5 reversed the metabolic alterations in Sirt5−/‐ ADMSCs, thus abolishing their enhanced proliferative capacities. In the hind limb ischemia mouse model, SIRT5−/− ADMSCs transplantation enhanced blood flow recovery and angiogenesis compared with WT ADMSCs.ConclusionsOur results indicate that SIRT5 deficiency during ADMSC culture expansion leads to reversed metabolic pattern, enhanced proliferative capacities, and improved therapeutic outcomes. These data suggest SIRT5 as a potential target to enhance the functional properties of MSCs for clinical application.
Conceptualisations of writing in the curricula and the teachers’ guides of Greek preschool education: a critical discourse analysis
Authors: Tentolouris Filippos 
Published: September 2020

The goal of this article is to explore the conceptualisations of writing in the curricula and the teachers’ guides of Greek preschool education (4–6 years of age). Ivanič’s framework of the six discourses of writing (the skills discourse, the creativity discourse, the process discourse, the genre discourse, the social practices discourse and the sociopolitical discourse), which shows how writing is framed in literacy education, was used for the exploration of these conceptualisations. A document‐based investigation was conducted in order to collect all the relevant texts concerning early writing and critical discourse analysis was employed in the interest of identifying and relating discourses in two key policy documents focusing on features of vocabulary and propositional assumptions. A discourse of social practices was found in the first document while the same discourse with features of other discourses co‐occur in the second document. Since the relationship among the discourses in the latter text is implicit, specific assumptions should be made to maximise their coherence. Finally, I suggest that although the social practices discourse makes a step forward which has not been conducted decisively at an international level, its implicit relationship with the other discourses and especially with the sociopolitical discourse obstructs the constitution of a comprehensive writing pedagogy.
Macronutrient intake and simulated infection threat independently affect life history traits of male decorated crickets
Authors: Duffield Kristin R. , Hampton Kylie J. , Houslay Thomas M. , Rapkin James , Hunt John , Sadd Ben M. , Sakaluk Scott K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNutritional geometry has advanced our understanding of how macronutrients (e.g., proteins and carbohydrates) influence the expression of life history traits and their corresponding trade‐offs. For example, recent work has revealed that reproduction and immune function in male decorated crickets are optimized at very different protein:carbohydrate (P:C) dietary ratios. However, it is unclear how an individual's macronutrient intake interacts with its perceived infection status to determine investment in reproduction or other key life history traits. Here, we employed a fully factorial design in which calling effort and immune function were quantified for male crickets fed either diets previously demonstrated to maximize calling effort (P:C = 1:8) or immune function (P:C = 5:1), and then administered a treatment from a spectrum of increasing infection cue intensity using heat‐killed bacteria. Both diet and a simulated infection threat independently influenced the survival, immunity, and reproductive effort of males. If they called, males increased calling effort at the low infection cue dose, consistent with the terminal investment hypothesis, but interpretation of responses at the higher threat levels was hampered by the differential mortality of males across infection cue and diet treatments. A high protein, low carbohydrate diet severely reduced the health, survival, and overall fitness of male crickets. There was, however, no evidence of an interaction between diet and infection cue dose on calling effort, suggesting that the threshold for terminal investment was not contingent on diet as investigated here.
Renal function dynamics following co‐administration of sacubitril/valsartan and empagliflozin in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes
Authors: de la Espriella Rafael , Bayés‐Genís Antoni , Morillas Herminio , Bravo Rafael , Vidal Verónica , Núñez Eduardo , Santas Enrique , Miñana Gema , Sanchis Juan , Fácila Lorenzo , Torres Francisco , Górriz Jose Luis , Valle Alfonso , Núñez Julio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the safety profile in terms of changes in renal function after co‐treatment with sacubitril/valsartan and empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Methods and resultsThis multicentre observational analysis included 108 patients with T2D and HFrEF treated with both agents: baseline sacubitril/valsartan (Group A; n = 43), baseline empagliflozin (Group B; n = 42), or both agents initiated simultaneously (Group C; n = 23). The primary endpoint was estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) dynamics across treatment groups. A binary characterization of worsening renal function (WRF)/improved renal function (IRF) was included in the primary endpoint. WRF and IRF were defined as an increase/decrease in serum creatinine ≥ 0.3 mg/dL or GFR ≥ 20%. Changes in quantitative variables were evaluated using joint modelling of survival and longitudinal data (JM). Rates and their treatment differences were determined by Poisson regression. The mean left ventricle ejection fraction and eGFR were 32 ± 6% and 70 ± 28 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. At a median follow‐up of 1.01 years (inter‐quartile range 0.71–1.50), 377 outpatient visits were recorded. Although there were differences in GFR trajectories over time within each treatment, they did not achieve statistical significance (omnibus P = 0.154). However, when these differences were contrasted among groups, there was a significant decrease in GFR in Group A as compared with Group B (P = 0.002). The contrast between Groups C and B was not significant (P = 0.430). These differences were also reflected when the rates for WRF and IRF were contrasted among treatments.ConclusionsThe co‐administration of sacubitril/valsartan and empagliflozin in patients with HFrEF and concomitant T2D appears to be safe in terms of renal function.