bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maxillofacial trauma following road accidents—An 11‐year multi‐center study in Israel
Authors: Einy Shmuel , Goldman Sharon , Radomislensky Irina ,   Israel Trauma Group (ITG), Bodas Moran , Peleg Kobi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground/AimRoad traffic collisions (RTC) are known to be one of the major causes of maxillofacial trauma (MFT). The road user factor is of crucial importance in the prevalence, severity, and treatment of maxillofacial injuries. The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of maxillofacial trauma among road users, to illustrate injury patterns and to identify road users at high risk.MethodsThis historical prospective multi‐center study was based on Israel's Trauma Registry between 2008‐2018, which included 4829 hospitalized patients following RTC with MFT. Data were analyzed according to six road user types (vehicle driver, passenger, bicyclist, motorcyclist, pedestrian, and e‐bike/scooter), maxillofacial injury location, and maxillofacial treatment.ResultsMFT, which accounted for 5% of the hospitalized RTC injuries, was not equally distributed among road users, as bicyclists and e‐bike/scooters were more prone to maxillofacial trauma (7.2% and 10.1%, respectively) than vehicle drivers (3.2%). Children (age 0‐14 years) comprised almost half of the cyclists, 25% of the pedestrians and 20% of the passengers. Some MFT patients experienced multiple injuries, with the majority involving jaw and facial bones and to a lesser extent the mouth, teeth, gingivae, and alveolar bone (mouth and dento‐alveolar (DA) trauma). Approximately 30% of hospitalized road casualties with MFT underwent MF surgery, with the need for surgery lowest among pedestrians.ConclusionHospitalized road casualties had different types of MFT in terms of prevalence, location, severity, and treatment, depending on the road user type.
Women report more severe sensations from 2 mA and 4 mA transcranial direct current stimulation than men
Authors: Workman Craig D. , Fietsam Alexandra C. , Kamholz John , Rudroff Thorsten 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInterest in transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to alter cortical excitability, facilitate neural plasticity, and improve performance is increasing. Subjects often report temporary stimulation‐related sensations, which might distract from the task being performed or compromise blinding. tDCS is also prone to high outcome irregularity and one potential variability source is the biological sex of the subject. The purpose of this study was to re‐analyze existing tolerability data to ascertain any sex differences in sensation severity and blinding guesses from tDCS at 2 mA and 4 mA. Each subject underwent tDCS at three randomly ordered intensities (sham, 2 mA, 4 mA), reported the severity sensations experienced, and guessed which tDCS condition they underwent (blinding). Women reported higher sensation severities than men from 2 mA and 4 mA tDCS and higher severities with increasing intensity (sham < 2 mA < 4 mA). Men reported similar severities in all stimulation conditions. Both sexes distinguished sham from 2 mA and 4 mA, and neither were able to discriminate between 2 mA from 4 mA. This study highlights differences in severity reports between women and men and adds to the growing body of literature, indicating that current sham methodologies might be inadequate to maintain blinding.
In vivo γ‐aminobutyric acid increase as a biomarker of the epileptogenic zone: An unbiased metabolomics approach
Authors: Hamelin Sophie , Stupar Vasile , Mazière Lucile , Guo Jia , Labriji Wafae , Liu Chen , Bretagnolle Ludiwine , Parrot Sandrine , Barbier Emmanuel L. , Depaulis Antoine , Fauvelle Florence 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveFollowing surgery, focal seizures relapse in 20% to 50% of cases due to the difficulty of delimiting the epileptogenic zone (EZ) by current imaging or electrophysiological techniques. Here, we evaluate an unbiased metabolomics approach based on ex vivo and in vivo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) methods to discriminate the EZ in a mouse model of mesiotemporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).MethodsFour weeks after unilateral injection of kainic acid (KA) into the dorsal hippocampus of mice (KA‐MTLE model), we analyzed hippocampal and cortical samples with high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Using advanced multivariate statistics, we identified the metabolites that best discriminate the injected dorsal hippocampus (EZ) and developed an in vivo MEGAPRESS MRS method to focus on the detection of these metabolites in the same mouse model.ResultsMultivariate analysis of HRMAS data provided evidence that γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) is largely increased in the EZ of KA‐MTLE mice and is the metabolite that best discriminates the EZ when compared to sham and, more importantly, when compared to adjacent brain regions. These results were confirmed by capillary electrophoresis analysis and were not reversed by a chronic exposition to an antiepileptic drug (carbamazepine). Then, using in vivo noninvasive GABA‐edited MRS, we confirmed that a high GABA increase is specific to the injected hippocampus of KA‐MTLE mice.SignificanceOur strategy using ex vivo MRS‐based untargeted metabolomics to select the most discriminant metabolite(s), followed by in vivo MRS‐based targeted metabolomics, is an unbiased approach to accurately define the EZ in a mouse model of focal epilepsy. Results suggest that GABA is a specific biomarker of the EZ in MTLE.
Design and analysis of CRISPR‐based underdominance toxin‐antidote gene drives
Authors: Champer Jackson , Champer Samuel E. , Kim Isabel K. , Clark Andrew G. , Messer Philipp W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCRISPR gene drive systems offer a mechanism for transmitting a desirable transgene throughout a population for purposes ranging from vector‐borne disease control to invasive species suppression. In this simulation study, we assess the performance of several CRISPR‐based underdominance gene drive constructs employing toxin‐antidote (TA) principles. These drives disrupt the wild‐type version of an essential gene using a CRISPR nuclease (the toxin) while simultaneously carrying a recoded version of the gene (the antidote). Drives of this nature allow for releases that could be potentially confined to a desired geographic location. This is because such drives have a nonzero‐invasion threshold frequency required for the drive to spread through the population. We model drives which target essential genes that are either haplosufficient or haplolethal, using nuclease promoters with expression restricted to the germline, promoters that additionally result in cleavage activity in the early embryo from maternal deposition, and promoters that have ubiquitous somatic expression. We also study several possible drive architectures, considering both “same‐site” and “distant‐site” systems, as well as several reciprocally targeting drives. Together, these drive variants provide a wide range of invasion threshold frequencies and options for both population modification and suppression. Our results suggest that CRISPR TA underdominance drive systems could allow for the design of flexible and potentially confinable gene drive strategies.
Evaluating and modulating TFEB in the control of autophagy: toward new treatments in CNS disorders
Authors: da Costa Anaelle , Metais Thibaud , Mouthon Franck , Kerkovich Danielle , Charvériat Mathieu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTFEB is a mammalian transcription factor that binds directly to the CLEAR consensus sequence (5′‐GTCACGTGAC‐3′) present in the regulatory regions of genes inducing autophagosome formation, autophagosome‐lysosome fusion, hydrolase enzyme expression, and lysosomal exocytosis. By modulating these activities, TFEB coordinates on‐demand control over each cell’s degradation pathway. Thus, a nuclear signaling pathway regulates cellular energy metabolism through TFEB. Our growing understanding of the role of TFEB and CLEAR in the promotion of healthy clearance together with in vitro and in vivo preclinical findings in various animal models of disease supports the conclusion that the pharmacological activation of TFEB could clear toxic proteins to treat both rare and common forms of neurodegenerative disease.
Habitat destruction and overexploitation drive widespread declines in all facets of mammalian diversity in the Gran Chaco
Authors: Romero‐Muñoz Alfredo , Fandos Guillermo , Benítez‐López Ana , Kuemmerle Tobias 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlobal biodiversity is under high and rising anthropogenic pressure. Yet, how the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional facets of biodiversity are affected by different threats over time is unclear. This is particularly true for the two main drivers of the current biodiversity crisis: habitat destruction and overexploitation. We provide the first long‐term assessment of multifaceted biodiversity changes caused by these threats for any tropical region. Focussing on larger mammals in South America's 1.1 million km2 Gran Chaco region, we assessed changes in multiple biodiversity facets between 1985 and 2015, determined which threats drive those changes, and identified remaining key areas for all biodiversity facets. Using habitat and threat maps, we found, first, that between 1985 and 2015 taxonomic (TD), phylogenetic (PD) and functional (FD) diversity all declined drastically across over half of the area assessed. FD declined about 50% faster than TD and PD, and these declines were mainly driven by species loss, rather than species turnover. Second, habitat destruction, hunting, and both threats together contributed ~57%, ~37%, and ~6% to overall facet declines, respectively. However, hunting pressure increased where TD and PD declined most strongly, whereas habitat destruction disproportionally contributed to FD declines. Third, just 23% of the Chaco would have to be protected to safeguard the top 17% of all three facets. Our findings uncover a widespread impoverishment of mammal species richness, evolutionary history, and ecological functions across broad areas of the Chaco due to increasing habitat destruction and hunting. Moreover, our results pinpoint key areas that should be preserved and managed to maintain all facets of mammalian diversity across the Chaco. More generally, our work highlights how long‐term changes in biodiversity facets can be assessed and attributed to specific threats, to better understand human impacts on biodiversity and to guide conservation planning to mitigate them.
THE RATIONALITY WARS: THE ANCIENT GREEKS AND THE COUNTER‐ENLIGHTENMENT IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA
Authors: BARTSCH SHADI 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTAmid contemporary discussions about the relationship of logic to knowing, an entirely different conversation about the moral status of rationality is taking place between Chinese and Western thinkers. Although most would agree that deductive thought has been a highly privileged feature of the Western philosophical tradition since Plato (for good or bad), the question of its role in Confucian thought is less clear—and considerations of this topic tend to be highly charged. In turn, the question of whether the West has been tarred by a Weberian descent into a merely instrumental form of rationality has emerged as a hot topic in Chinese scholarship. However, the question merely supplies a way of engaging in cross‐cultural comparisons that are political rather than genuinely philosophical in nature. This article explores the sparring over terminology and concepts that characterizes this recent trend in scholarship. Ultimately, it suggests that instead of Chinese scholars appropriating the ideas of Western authors in order to raise anti‐Western specters of spiritual derangement, both traditions would be better off discarding this outdated and essentializing terminology in the first place.
Endoscopic lithotripsy with a SuperPulsed thulium‐fiber laser for ureteral stones: A single‐center experience
Authors: Enikeev Dmitry , Grigoryan Vagarshak , Fokin Igor , Morozov Andrey , Taratkin Mark , Klimov Roman , Kozlov Vasiliy , Gabdullina Svetlana , Glybochko Petr 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo estimate the efficacy and safety of SuperPulsed thulium‐fiber laser ureteral lithotripsy and to identify optimal laser settings.MethodsPatients with solitary stones were prospectively included. Lithotripsy was performed with a SuperPulsed thulium‐fiber laser (NTO IRE‐Polus, Fryazino, Russia) using a rigid ureteroscope 7.5 Ch (Richard Wolf, Knittlingen, Germany). We analyzed the efficacy of lithotripsy by measuring total energy required for stone disintegration, "laser‐on" time, ablation speed, ablation efficacy, and energy consumption. Stone retropulsion and visibility were assessed using a three‐point Likert scale. Complications were assessed using the Clavien–Dindo classification system.ResultsA total of 149 patients were included. The mean stone density was 985 ± 360 Hounsfield units, the median (interquartile range) stone volume was 179 (94–357) mm3. The median (interquartile range) total energy was 1 (0.4–2) kJ, and laser‐on time 1.2 (0.5–2.7) min. The median (interquartile range) stone ablation speed was 140 (80–279) mm3/min, energy for ablation of 1 mm3 was 5.6 (3–9.9) J/mm3 and energy consumption was 0.9 (0.6–1) J/min. A correlation was found between retropulsion and the energy used (r = 0.5, P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed energy to be a predictor of increased retropulsion (odds ratio 65.7, 95% confidence interval 1.6–2774.1; P = 0.028). No predictors for worse visibility were identified.ConclusionThe SuperPulsed thulium‐fiber laser provides effective and safe lithotripsy during ureteroscopy regardless of stone density. Fiber diameter and laser frequency do not influence visibility or safety. Optimal laser settings are 0.5 J × 30 Hz for fragmentation and 0.15 J × 100 Hz for dusting.
Does the presence of parents in the dental operatory room influence children’s behaviour, anxiety and fear during their dental treatment? A systematic review
Authors: Passos De Luca Mariana , Massignan Carla , Bolan Michele , Butini Oliveira Luciana , Aydinoz Secil , Dick Bruce , De Luca Canto Graziela 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of parents during the dental appointment can affect the child's behaviour and, consequently, the success of the treatment.AimThis systematic review aimed to evaluate whether parents’ presence in the operatory room influences children’s behaviour, anxiety and fear during dental treatment.DesignEMBASE, Cochrane Library, LILACS, PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, OpenGrey and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Databases were searched. Randomized and non‐randomized clinical trials in which some measure assessing children’s behaviour and/or anxiety and fear during dental treatment with the presence and absence of parents were included. Two reviewers assessed studies for selection, extracted data, evaluated bias (Joanna Briggs Institute) and graded the certainty of evidence (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Random‐effects meta‐analyses using mean difference (MD) and narrative synthesis were performed.ResultsA total of 2846 papers were identified, and after a 2‐phase selection, sixteen studies were included (five in meta‐analyses). There was no difference in children’s behaviour in the presence or absence of parents (P = .23, P = .40, P = .60 and P = .89, respectively). The presence or absence of parents did not influence children's anxiety (P = .94 and P = .97) or fear (DM: −0.08; CI:‐0.34–0.19, P = .24). All included studies presented a high risk of bias, and the certainty of evidence was considered to be very low.ConclusionIt is concluded that parents’ presence in the operation room does not influence children’s (up to 12 years old) behaviour, anxiety and fear during dental treatment with very low certainty of evidence. Methodological limitations of included studies, however, suggest that better designed trials are needed to adequately understand this issue.
Benefits and cultural adaptations of psychosocial interventions for parents and their children with intellectual disabilities in low‐and middle‐income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Susanty Dessy , Noel Pia , Sabeh Meta Saraswati , Jahoda Andrew 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundEvidence and awareness of the importance of culturally adapting psychosocial interventions is growing. The aim of this paper is to systematically review studies on cultural adaptations of psychosocial interventions for parents and their children with intellectual disabilities, in low‐ and middle‐income countries.MethodsStudies were identified through electronic databases and searching bibliographies. The quality and cultural adaptations of thirteen studies focusing on parental trainings were analysed using standardised tools and frameworks.ResultsFindings suggest interventions reduce the risk of depression and stress and increase coping strategies and positive perceptions of family functioning. Parenting skills training may improve parent–child interactions and child development. However, these benefits should be interpreted cautiously due to methodological shortcomings. Most studies described efforts to make appropriate cultural adaptations to the interventions, but these adaptations were not comprehensive.ConclusionHigh‐quality cultural adaptations are crucial to providing meaningful interventions in different parts of the world.
Pleistocene glacial cycles as drivers of allopatric differentiation in Arctic shorebirds
Authors: Arcones Angel , Ponti Raquel , Ferrer Xavier , Vieites David R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimSpatio‐temporal changes have likely caused range fragmentation and population isolation, which could have given rise to the observed current intraspecific differentiation in some species. Here, we test several hypotheses on the potential effect of Pleistocene glacial cycles in the diversification of Arctic shorebird species, comparing between different scenarios of fragmentation of the breeding distribution during glacial and interglacial periods.LocationGlobal.TaxonArctic migratory shorebirds.MethodsWe performed species distribution models (SDMs) to explore the changes in the breeding and non‐breeding ranges of 69 species between the last glacial maximum (c. 21,000 years ago) and the present. We also included independent evidence from the fossil record and estimations on the potential extension of the tundra during glacial periods to validate the results from the SDMs. We assigned each species to one of four potential scenarios based on fragmentation and potential recolonization patterns of their breeding ranges during glaciations.ResultsOur findings show that most of the species with subspecies experienced fragmentation of their ranges during the glacial, the interglacial or both periods. Meanwhile, the majority of the monotypic species maintained their ranges as a continuum. Moreover, the impacts of glacial cycles in the distribution were not homogeneous across the Arctic, and some regions were more prone to the fragmentation of breeding ranges than others.Main conclusionsOur work suggests that Pleistocene climatic cycles drove the diversification of Arctic shorebirds by creating allopatric breeding distributions. While the fragmentation of the breeding ranges occurred mainly during glacial periods, interglacials also played a part in maintaining or establishing newly isolated breeding populations for many species. Furthermore, species' distribution changes varied between different regions and habitats, which determined current shorebird diversity patterns.
Genetic variation and phylogeographic structure of Laodelphax striatellus in China based on microsatellite markers
Authors: Jiang Shan , Zhu Kexin , Han Lei , Chen Chen , Wang Mingming , Wang Xingya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is an important agricultural pest that has caused serious economic losses in the major rice‐producing areas of China. To effectively manage this insect pest, we analysed its genetic variation, genetic structure and population demographic history. We used nine nuclear microsatellite loci to investigate the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of SBPH at 43 sampling sites in China. High levels of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation among most populations were detected. Overall, neighbour‐joining dendrograms, STRUCTURE and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed no genetically distinct groups and exhibited an admixed phylogeographic structure in China. Isolation by distance (IBD) and spatial autocorrelation analyses demonstrated no correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance. On the other hand, bottleneck analysis indicated that SBPH populations had not undergone severe bottleneck effects in these regions. This study provides useful data for resolving the genetic relationships and migration patterns of SBPH and thus contributes to developing effective management strategies for this pest.
Biopolymeric films based on whey protein isolate/lignin microparticles for waste recovery
Authors: Gomide Raissa Alvarenga Carvalho , de Oliveira Ana Carolina Salgado , Luvizaro Lucas Baldo , Yoshida Maria Irene , de Oliveira Cassiano Rodrigues , Borges Soraia Vilela 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLignin is a source of phenolic compounds. It can be an excellent raw material for the production of films with whey protein isolate (WPI). The present study investigates WPI films with lignin microparticles (LMP). The structural, morphological, physical (thermal and mechanical analysis, water vapor barrier, color parameters, and transparency) properties, and the antioxidant properties were determined. The concentration of LMP were 0, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75% (w/w). Structural analysis showed the addition of LMP to WPI‐based films did not change the film structure. A good dispersion of the microparticles is observed for the treatments containing 0.25 and 0.50% (w/w) LMP. In the concentrations of WPI and LMP used, an improvement in the thermal (increase of 13.46°C inTg) and mechanical properties (35% more resistant) were observed, as well as higher temperatures of degradation and lower water vapor barrier (12 and 16% for 0.25 and 0.50%, w/w, LMP). The films containing LMP showed antioxidant potential, with higher values for 0.75% (w/w) of LMP.Practical ApplicationsThe Whey Protein Isolate is by‐product of the cheese industry and Lignin is a by‐product of the cellulose, paper, and ethanol biorefineries. The lignin improved the resistance of packaging to handling, providing longer use time for the packaging. These two polymers combined interesting characteristics for the development of new active packaging, with antioxidant action, capable of reducing food degradation and expanding the shelf life of foods.