bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Magnetic Drug Delivery System with “OFF–ON” State via Specific Molecular Recognition and Conformational Changes for Precise Tumor Therapy
Authors: Liu Junjie , Liu Wei , Zhang Kaixiang , Shi Jinjin , Zhang Zhenzhong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo enhance the tumor‐targeting and tumor cell‐specific drug‐release capacity of nano drug delivery systems, a magnetic resonance imaging‐traceable, magnetic‐targeted nanoplatform is developed, and the nanoplatform is prepared by capping mesoporous silica (MSN)‐coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) with programmable DNA hairpin sensor “gates.” In normal cells (HL‐7702, human liver cells), the nanoplatform is able to entrap the loaded drugs, showing an “OFF” state; the nanoplatform is activated by endogenous miRNA‐21 overexpressed in tumor cells (HepG2, human liver tumor cells), which serve as an exclusive key to unlock the nanoplatform through hybridization with programmable DNA hairpin, leading to a rapid drug release, showing an “ON” state. The nanoplatform exhibits high antitumor efficacy and low toxicity in in vitro and in vivo studies owing to its magnetic targeting and tumor cell‐activated properties, paving the way for targeted and personalized tumor treatment and showing potential for clinical applications.
Self‐Assembly of Highly Stable Zirconium(IV) Coordination Cages with Aggregation Induced Emission Molecular Rotors for Live‐Cell Imaging
Authors: Dong Jinqiao , Pan Yutong , Wang Heng , Yang Kuiwei , Liu Lingmei , Qiao Zhiwei , Yuan Yi Di , Peh Shing Bo , Zhang Jian , Shi Leilei , Liang Hong , Han Yu , Li Xiaopeng , Jiang Jianwen , Liu Bin , Zhao Dan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe self‐assembly of highly stable zirconium(IV)‐based coordination cages with aggregation induced emission (AIE) molecular rotors for in vitro bio‐imaging is reported. The two coordination cages, NUS‐100 and NUS‐101, are assembled from the highly stable trinuclear zirconium vertices and two flexible carboxyl‐decorated tetraphenylethylene (TPE) spacers. Extensive experimental and theoretical results show that the emissive intensity of the coordination cages can be controlled by restricting the dynamics of AIE‐active molecular rotors though multiple external stimuli. Because the two coordination cages have excellent chemical stability in aqueous solutions (pH stability: 2–10) and impressive AIE characteristics contributed by the molecular rotors, they can be employed as novel biological fluorescent probes for in vitro live‐cell imaging.
Small‐Molecule Modulation of Soft‐Matter Frank–Kasper Phases: A Method for Adding Function to Form
Authors: Lachmayr Kätchen K. , Sita Lawrence R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIncorporation of small amounts of α‐tocopherol (vitamin E) in blends with the cellobiose–triazole‐linked atactic poly(4‐methyl‐1‐pentene) (CB‐aPMP) sugar–polyolefin conjugate can be used to exert external control over thermotropic phase behavior and provide access to non‐canonical soft matter Frank–Kasper A15 and σ phases. These results establish a paradigm that can be used for the further design and development of scalable quantities of soft matter FK phases of increased structural complexity and functional capability.
Hydroxyethyl starch with high surface activity via ethylene carbonate functionalization
Authors: Zhong Sheng , Zhang Shufen , Ma Wei , Zhu Jianmin 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTBiosurfactants‐hydroxyethyl starches (HES‐EC) with the total degree of substitution (DSt) of 26, 37, and 46% are prepared via ethylene carbonate functionalization. GC–MS semi‐quantitative analysis results show that monosubstituents, especially, C‐2 monosubstituents are predominant in all substituents. A small amount of disubstituents with O(CH2CH2O)2H group per polyethylene chain exist in HES‐EC. The structural characteristics of HES‐EC demonstrate that hydroxyethyl groups distribute more uniformly on starch main chains as compared with corresponding HES‐EO. The even distribution of hydroxyethyl groups further promotes the formation of the hydrophilic–hydrophobic structure inside HES‐EC. HES‐EC exhibits lower surface tension and more notable emulsion ability than HES‐EO and traditional petroleum‐based surfactant NP‐10. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48807.
A Physiological Marker of Recognition Memory in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder? ‐ The Pupil Old/New Effect
Authors: Ring Melanie , Bowler Dermot M. , Gaigg Sebastian B. 
Published: December 2019

This study investigated the pupil Old/New effect in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and typical development (TD). Participants studied verbal and visual meaningful and meaningless materials in black and white on a computer screen. Pupil sizes were measured while participants performed a Remember (episodic memory with context)/Know (semantic memory, no context) recognition memory test. ASD compared to TD individuals showed significantly reduced recognition rates for all materials. Both groups showed better memory for visual compared to verbal (picture superiority effect) and meaningful compared to meaningless materials. A pupil size ratio (pupil size for test item divided by baseline) for old (studied) and new (unstudied) materials indicated larger pupils for old compared to new materials only for the TD but not the ASD group. Pupil size in response to old versus new items was positively related to recognition accuracy, confirming that the pupil Old/New effect reflects a memory phenomenon in the ASD group. In addition, this study suggests an involvement of the noradrenergic neurotransmitter system in the abnormal hippocampal functioning in ASD. Implications of these findings, as well as their underlying neurophysiology, will be discussed in relation to current theories of memory in ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 627–640. © 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLCLay SummaryMost measures of memory in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) depend on verbal answers. In addition to these verbal answers, this study measured the size of the participants' pupil in response to studied and unfamiliar materials revealing memory difficulties in ASD. Measuring pupil size works nonverbally, outside of conscious awareness and forms the basis of studies on less verbal persons with ASD. Mechanisms and brain regions underlying memory differences in ASD are discussed.
Absence of developmental and reproductive toxicity in animals exposed to dolutegravir
Authors: Stanislaus Dinesh J. , Posobiec Lorraine M. , Laffan Susan B. , Solomon Howard M. , Ziejewski Mary K. , Romach Elizabeth H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe success of new antiretroviral medicines for HIV resulted in a change to guidelines of standard therapy where continuation of antiretroviral therapy is recommended to maintain the low viral load during pregnancy, thereby preventing transmission of the virus to the fetus. As a result, pregnancy related exposure to HIV medicines has increased. Understanding the safety of these medicines during pregnancy is of paramount importance to ensure health of mothers and their offspring; well‐designed animal studies that evaluate the reproductive life cycle play a key role in this effort. As part of the medicine development program for dolutegravir (DTG), a series of reproductive and developmental toxicity studies were conducted using rats and rabbits. In a fertility study, where exposure to DTG occurred in female rats before mating through conception and up to implantation of the embryo, no effects on reproductive cycles, ovulation, fertility) or preimplantation embryonic growth were observed. In rat and rabbit embryo–fetal development studies, where exposure to DTG occurred during organogenesis, no malformations or other developmental abnormalities were observed. In a rat pre‐ and post‐natal development study, where DTG exposure to the pups occurred during pregnancy and postnatally via milk, no malformations or other developmental abnormalities were observed. In these studies, no DTG‐related effects occurred on fertility, embryonic (pre‐ and post‐implantation loss, resorptions, abortions, and malformations) or fetal development where the multiples of exposure at the maximum recommended human dose were up to 27 times higher in rats or below the human exposure in rabbits.
Osteogenesis and bone remodeling: A focus on growth factors and bioactive peptides
Authors: Toosi Shirin , Behravan Javad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBone is one of the most frequently transplanted tissues. The bone structure and its physiological function and stem cells biology were known to be closely related to each other for many years. Bone is considered a home to the well‐known systems of postnatal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These bone resident MSCs provide a range of growth factors (GF) and cytokines to support cell growth following injury. These GFs include a group of proteins and peptides produced by different cells which are regulators of important cell functions such as division, migration, and differentiation. GF signaling controls the formation and development of the MSCs condensation and plays a critical role in regulating osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and bone/mineral homeostasis. Thus, a combination of both MSCs and GFs receives high expectations in regenerative medicine, particularly in bone repair applications. It is known that the delivery of exogenous GFs to the non‐union bone fracture site remarkably improves healing results. Here we present updated information on bone tissue engineering with a specific focus on GF characteristics and their application in cellular functions and tissue healing. Moreover, the interrelation of GFs with the damaged bone microenvironment and their mechanistic functions are discussed.
Biosensing in Smart Engineered Probiotics
Authors: Rottinghaus Austin G. , Amrofell Matthew B. , Moon Tae Seok 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEngineered microbes are exciting alternatives to current diagnostics and therapeutics. Researchers have developed a wide range of genetic tools and parts to engineer probiotic and commensal microbes. Among these tools and parts, biosensors allow the microbes to sense and record or to sense and respond to chemical and environmental signals in the body, enabling them to report on health conditions of the animal host and/or deliver therapeutics in a controlled manner. This review focuses on how biosensing is applied to engineer “smart” microbes for in vivo diagnostic, therapeutic, and biocontainment goals. Hurdles that need to be overcome when transitioning from high‐throughput in vitro systems to low‐throughput in vivo animal models, new technologies that can be implemented to alleviate this experimental gap, and areas where future advancements can be made to maximize the utility of biosensing for medical applications are also discussed. As technologies for engineering microbes continue to be developed, these engineered organisms will be used to address many medical challenges.
Long noncoding RNA cytoskeleton regulator RNA promotes cell invasion and metastasis by titrating miR‐613 to regulate ANXA2 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Chen Wei , Du Mingyu , Hu Xinyu , Ma Hongxia , Zhang Erbao , Wang Tingting , Yin Li , He Xia , Hu Zhibin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most frequent head and neck malignant tumors. Long noncoding RNAs play critical roles in tumorigenesis.MethodsReal‐time quantitative PCR arrays were used to evaluate the expression levels of cytoskeleton regulator RNA (CYTOR) in NPC tissues and cells. Cell counting kit‐8 and colony formation analyses were used to test the NPC cell viability, while wound healing and transwell assays were employed to detect cell invasion and migration ability. Luciferase reporter assay and Western blot analyses were employed to explore the relationships among CYTOR, miR‐613, and ANXA2.ResultsWe found that CYTOR expression was elevated both in NPC tissues and cells. Functional assays revealed that CYTOR promoted the invasion and migration of NPC cells. The established spontaneous lymph node metastasis model also confirmed that CYTOR promoted NPC cell metastasis in vivo. Mechanically, we found that the subcellular localization of CYTOR mostly occurred in the cell cytoplasm. Luciferase reporter and RIP assays confirmed that CYTOR functioned as the molecular sponge of miR‐613. Subsequent experiments confirmed that ANXA2 was directly targeted by miR‐613. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies further confirmed that CYTOR induced the upregulation of ANXA2 by competitively binding to miR‐613, thus leading to NPC metastasis.ConclusionOur results highlight the importance of CYTOR in NPC development and provide new insights into potential therapeutic targets for NPC.
Deep learning pathological microscopic features in endemic nasopharyngeal cancer: Prognostic value and protentional role for individual induction chemotherapy
Authors: Liu Kuiyuan , Xia Weixiong , Qiang Mengyun , Chen Xi , Liu Jia , Guo Xiang , Lv Xing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the prognostic value and the role for treatment decision of pathological microscopic features in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) using the method of deep learning.MethodsThe pathological microscopic features were extracted using the software QuPath (version 0.1.3. Queen's University) in the training cohort (Guangzhou training cohort, n = 843). We used the neural network DeepSurv to analyze the pathological microscopic features (DSPMF) and then classified patients into high‐risk and low‐risk groups through the time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC). The prognosis accuracy of the pathological feature was validated in a validation cohort (n = 212). The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS).ResultsWe found 429 pathological microscopic features in the H&E image. Patients with high‐risk scores in the training cohort had shorter 5‐year PFS (HR 10.03, 6.06‐16.61; P < .0001). The DSPMF (C‐index: 0.723) had the higher C‐index than the EBV DNA (C‐index: 0.612) copies and the N stage (C‐index: 0.593). Furthermore, induction chemotherapy (ICT) plus concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) had better 5‐year PFS to those received CCRT (P < .0001) in the high‐risk group.ConclusionThe DSPMF is a reliable prognostic tool for survival risk in patients with NPC and might be able to guide the treatment decision.
Streamlined reverse wire technique for the treatment of complex bifurcated lesions
Authors: Hasegawa Katsuyuki , Yamamoto Wataru , Nakabayashi Sho , Otsuji Satoru 
Published: December 2019

AbstractInserting a guidewire into an extremely angulated side branch (SB) is difficult. Reverse wire technique (RWT) method was developed to specifically overcome this challenging situation, and it has become common among operators performing percutaneous coronary intervention. The first step of RWT involves the delivery of a reverse wire (RW) beyond the bifurcation, together with dual lumen catheter (DLC). This step is sometimes difficult, due to the stenosis proximal to bifurcation. Balloon dilatation of the stenosis is sometimes required to make space for the RW passage, but this lesion modification involves a potential risk of vessel damage, plaque shift, or carina shift, which results in the occlusion of the target SB. Streamlined RWT is a novel method we developed to facilitate RW delivery. It consists of the following three steps: (a) Advancing a DLC alone beyond the occlusion and inserting a preshaped RW into a non‐target SB distal to the bifurcation. (b) Adjusting the position of the bending part of RW and the exit port of DLC together at the ostium of the non‐target SB. (c) Advancing the RW and DLC simultaneously, while holding them both together. All procedures subsequent to the delivery of RW are the same as those required in conventional RWT. This technique enables us to deliver a RW through severe stenosis without the risk of either vessel injury or the occlusion of target SB. It also helps us to save time and effort in accomplishing SB access, even during the treatment of complex bifurcated lesions.
Impact of structural features of very thin stents implanted in unprotected left main or coronary bifurcations on clinical outcomes
Authors: Iannaccone Mario , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Gallone Guglielmo , Mitomo Satoru , Parma Radosław , Trabattoni Daniela , Ryan Nicola , Muscoli Saverio , Venuti Giuseppe , Montabone Andrea , De Lio Francesca , Zaccaro Lorenzo , Quadri Giorgio , De Filippo Ovidio , Wojakowski Wojciech , Rognoni Andrea , Helft Gerard , Gallo Diego , De Luca Leonardo , Figini Filippo , Imori Yoichi , Conrotto Federico , Boccuzzi Giacomo , Mattesini Alessio , Wańha Wojciech , Smolka Grzegorz , Huczek Zenon , Rolfo Cristina , Pennone Mauro , Cortese Bernardo , Capodanno Davide , Chieffo Alaide , Nuñez‐Gil Ivan , Morbiducci Umberto , D'Amico Maurizio , Varbella Ferdinando , Romeo Francesco , Sheiban Imad , Escaned Javier , Garbo Roberto , Moretti Claudio , di Mario Carlo , De Ferrari Gaetano M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the independent clinical impact of stent structural features in a large cohort of patients undergoing unprotected left main (ULM) or coronary bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a range of very thin strut stents.BackgroundClinical impact of structural features of contemporary stents remains to be defined.MethodsAll consecutive patients enrolled in the veRy thin stents for patients with left mAIn or bifurcatioN in real life (RAIN) registry were included. The following stent structural features were studied: antiproliferative drugs (everolimus vs. sirolimus vs. zotarolimus), strut material (platinum‐chromium vs. cobalt‐chromium), polymer (bioresorbable vs. durable), number of crowns (<8 vs. ≥8) and number of connectors (<3 vs. ≥3). For small diameter stents (≤2.5 mm), struct thickness (74 vs. 80/81 μm) was also tested. Target lesion failure (TLF), a composite of target lesion revascularization and stent thrombosis, was the primary endpoint. Multivariate analysis was performed with Cox regression models.ResultsOut of 2,707 patients, 110 (4.1%) experienced a TLF event after 16 months (12–18). After adjustment for confounders, an increased number of connectors (adjusted hazard ratio [adj‐HR] 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39–0.99, p = .04) reduced risk of TLF, driven by stents with ≥2.5 mm diameter (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.32–0.93, p = .02). This independent relationship was lost for stents with diameter <2.5 mm, where only strut thickness appeared to impact. Conversely, no independent relationship of polymer type, number of crowns, and the specific limus‐family eluted drug with outcomes was observed.ConclusionsAmong a range of contemporary very thin stent models, an increased number of connectors improved device‐related outcomes in this investigated high‐risk procedural setting.
Aryl–Aryl Interactions in (Aryl‐Perhalogenated) 1,2‐Diaryldisilanes
Authors: Linnemannstöns Marvin , Schwabedissen Jan , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Berger Raphael J. F. , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThree 1,2‐diaryltetramethyldisilanes X5C6‐(SiMe2)2‐C6X5 with two C6H5, C6F5, or C6Cl5 groups were studied concerning the importance of London dispersion driven interactions between their aryl groups. They were prepared from 1,2‐dichlorotetramethyldisilane by salt elimination. Their structures were determined in the solid state by X‐ray diffraction and for free molecules by gas electron‐diffraction. The solid‐state structures of the fluorinated and chlorinated derivatives are dominated by aryl–aryl interactions. Unexpectedly, Cl5C6‐(SiMe2)2‐C6Cl5 exists exclusively as an eclipsed syn‐conformer in the gas phase with strongly distorted Si‐C6Cl5 units due to strong intramolecular interactions. In contrast, F5C6‐(SiMe2)2‐C6F5 reveals weaker interactions. The contributions to the total interaction energy were analyzed by SAPT calculations.
A middleware approach for reliable resource selection on Internet‐of‐Things
Authors: Bharti Monika , Saxena Sharad , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: December 2019

SummaryDecision making plays a vital role in the selection of resources so that they actively participate for communication and computation on the Internet‐of‐Things platform. For the same, they require the elimination of the challenges related to knowledge representation, discovery, trust, and security due to continuously changing mobility patterns, heterogeneity, interoperability, and scalability on the network. To address the challenges, a novel three‐layered approach, namely, middleware approach for reliable resource selection on Internet‐of‐Things (MARRS‐IoT), is proposed. It performs a search through neighbor discovery algorithm and evaluates trust score of the discovered resources, both locally and globally using fuzzy‐decision algorithm and performs efficient communication among resources via hybrid M‐gear protocol. The approach is simulated and compared against algorithms, namely, particle swarm optimization, ants colony optimization, and binary genetic to evaluate its performance. The obtained results support the efficacy of the MARRS‐IoT with respect to throughput and execution time.
Cytological diagnosis in a clinically unsuspected case of disseminated BCGosis: A case report
Authors: Mittal Medha , Mahajan Nidhi , Khatri Arti , Rai Anuradha , Saigal Karnika 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBacille Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) vaccine is administered worldwide to neonates and considered safe. Serious complications like disseminated BCGosis are extremely rare occurrences (<1 per million vaccinations). A 6 months male was brought to paediatric outpatient department with fever and swelling over the dorsum of the left hand for 5 days. On examination, he was febrile and had hepatosplenomegaly. X‐ray of the hand showed lytic lesions in the first and second metacarpals. Provisional clinical diagnosis included Langerhans cell histiocytosis, congenital syphilis, and haematological malignancy. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) was done from the swelling and showed diffuse sheets of histiocytes with both intracellular and extracellular rod‐shaped unstained structures along with inflammatory cells. These ghost images stained positive with ZN stain. A cytological diagnosis of atypical mycobacteria vs leprosy was made. Child was revisited and found to have an active BCG scar. Further investigations showed low serum IgM and positive AFB culture. These bacilli were confirmed by GenoType MTBDR plus test as Mycobacterium bovis. Despite Antitubercular therapy, the patient succumbed to death. This case highlights the variable clinical presentation of BCGosis. Its occurrence may unmask any underlying immunodeficiency. If unfamiliar with the above cytological features and in absence of routinely performed special stains, the cytopathologist may miss these notorious organisms and treat such cases like suppurative lesions. To conclude, an early and definitive diagnosis of BCGosis can be established on FNAC which would ensure timely management and better outcome in this highly lethal entity.