bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailoring Cation Solvation in Electrode-Decoupled Redox Flow Batteries Significantly Enhances Capacity and Cycle Life
Authors: Sankarasubramanian Shrihari , Zhang Yunzhu , Ramani Vijay 
Published: May 2020

Electrode-decoupled redox flow batteries (ED-RFBs) employ disparate cationic actives in the anolyte and catholyte, significantly expanding the chemical design space for flow batteries. Crossover induced capacity fade in such systems can be mitigated or eliminated by the use of highly permselective anion exchange membranes (AEMs) as separators. Herein, we show that tailoring the solvation shell around the cationic actives aids in significantly reducing crossover and hence capacity fade. A model V-Ce ED-RFB was developed utilizing this paradigm and demonstrated a 30% enhancement in practical volumetric capacity1. By substituting sulfuric acid with methanesulfonic acid as the supporting electrolyte for V and Ce in conjunction with a highly permselective polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene (SEBS) triblock copolymer AEM2 enabled a >95% reduction in capacity fade compared to previous sulfuric acid systems. Employing the Marcus-Hush kinetic formulation to understand the solvation effects3
4, the presence of strongly solvated cations was shown to be the reason for the significantly improved performance. The ED-RFB maintained nearly 100% coulombic efficiency (CE) and ca. 70% energy efficiency (EE) (at a 50 mA.cm-2 galvanostatic charge/discharge current) over 100 cycles. Thus, we demonstrate that judicious selection of the electrolyte composition leads to ED-RFBs with long life, excellent rate capability and stability.

References

1. S. Sankarasubramanian, Y. Zhang, and V. Ramani, Sustain. Energy Fuels, 3, 2417–2425 (2019).
2. Z. Wang, S. Sankarasubramanian, and V. Ramani, Curr. Opin. Electrochem., 12, 240–245 (2018).
3. Y. Li, J. Parrondo, S. Sankarasubramanian, and V. Ramani, J. Phys. Chem. C, 123, 6370–6378 (2019).
4. S. Sankarasubramanian, J. Kahky, and V. Ramani, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 116, 14899–14904 (2019).
Carbon Nitride / Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite for Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Nath Anish Reghu , Ajith Mohan Arjun , N Sandhyarani 
Published: May 2020

A composite of carbon nitride (CN) and reduced graphene oxide1(RGO) were prepared and used as an electrode material for supercapacitor application. The limited electrical conductivity of carbon nitride is overcome by initially protonating the carbon nitride (p-CN) by refluxing, to increase its conductivity2. The p-CN was hydrothermally treated with graphene oxide to form a composite of p-CN/RGO. Morphology was analysed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM); it reveals an interlayered structure of carbon nitride and graphene. The electrochemical behaviour was studied using a three-electrode system using sulphuric acid and potassium hydroxide as an electrolyte. Electrochemical behaviour was studied using cyclic voltammetry within a potential window of -0.4 to 0.75V. The characteristics show a nearly rectangular shape showing the double layer capacitance behavior. The sulphuric acid medium was found to be better electrolyte for the composite as there were no signs of voltage drop in comparison with potassium hydroxide electrolyte. The composite electrode was found to be a better electrode for supercapacitor applications.

References

1 C. Lu, Y. Yang and X. Chen, Nano Lett., 2019, 19, 4103–4111.
2 Q. Li, D. Xu, J. Guo, X. Ou and F. Yan, Carbon N. Y., 2017, 124, 599–610.

Figure 1
Is Gliclazide Associated with a Lower Obesity-Related Cancer Risk Compared to Other Sulfonylureas? A Long-term Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Du Jing , Kleefstra Nanno , Schrijnders Dennis , Groenier Klaas H. , de Bock Geertruida H. , Landman Gijs W.D. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
Gliclazide has been suspected to be associated with a lower obesity-related cancer risk; however, current evidence is limited by important methodologic shortcomings. This study aimed to evaluate whether gliclazide is preferred over other sulfonylureas regarding obesity-related cancer risk.

Methods:
In this prospective cohort study, an annual benchmarking database in Dutch primary care (Zwolle Outpatient Diabetes project Integrating Available CareZODIAC, 1998–2014) was linked to the Netherlands Cancer Registry and the Dutch Personal Record Database. Of the 71,648 patients with type 2 diabetes, we included 26,207 who used sulfonylureas and had no history of cancer or insulin use at baseline. Obesity-related cancer was defined using the latest definition of the World Cancer Research Fund. Cox regression analyses were used to estimate HRs, with both baseline sulfonylurea and cumulative exposure modeled and corrected for baseline covariates.

Results:
During follow-up for 167,692 person-years, there were 1,111 obesity-related cancer events. For males, the adjusted HRs [95% confidence interval (CI)] for baseline sulfonylurea compared with gliclazide were as follows: glibenclamide, 1.10 (0.92–2.69); glimepiride, 1.13 (0.68–1.84); and tolbutamide, 0.93 (0.59–1.48). For females, these were as follows: glibenclamide, 1.49 (0.72–3.13); glimepiride, 0.96 (0.59–1.54); and tolbutamide, 0.84 (0.54–1.28). The adjusted HRs (95% CI) for one more year of cumulative exposure compared with gliclazide were as follows: glibenclamide, 0.90 (0.71–1.14); glimepiride, 0.96 (0.87–1.06); and tolbutamide, 1.00 (0.92–1.09). For females, these were as follows: glibenclamide, 0.93 (0.77–1.13); glimepiride, 0.99 (0.90–1.10); and tolbutamide, 1.04 (0.96–1.13).

Conclusions:
Obesity-related cancer risk was comparable between gliclazide and other sulfonylureas.

Impact:
Gliclazide is not preferred over other sulfonylureas regarding obesity-related cancer risk.
FADS1 (Fatty Acid Desaturase 1) Genotype Associates With Aortic Valve FADS mRNA Expression, Fatty Acid Content and Calcification
Authors: Plunde Oscar , Larsson Susanna C. , Artiach Gonzalo , Thanassoulis George , Carracedo Miguel , Franco-Cereceda Anders , Eriksson Per , Bäck Magnus 
Published: May 2020

Background:

Aortic stenosis (AS) contributes to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity but disease mechanisms remain largely unknown. Recent evidence associates a single nucleotide polymorphism rs174547 within the
FADS1
gene, encoding FADS1 (fatty acid desaturase 1), with risk of several cardiovascular outcomes, including AS.
FADS1
encodes a rate-limiting enzyme for ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acid metabolism. The aim of this study was to decipher the local transcriptomic and lipidomic consequences of rs174547 in tricuspid aortic valves from patients with AS.

Methods:

Expression quantitative trait loci study was performed using data from Illumina Human610-Quad BeadChip, Infinium Global Screening Arrays, and Affymetrix Human Transcriptome 2.0 arrays in calcified and noncalcified aortic valve tissue from 58 patients with AS (mean age, 74.2; SD, 5.9). Fatty acid content was assessed in aortic valves from 25 patients with AS using gas chromatography.
Δ
5 and
Δ
6 desaturase activity was assessed by the product-to-precursor ratio.

Results:

The minor C-allele of rs174547, corresponding to the protective genotype for AS, was associated with higher FADS2 mRNA levels in calcified valve tissue, whereas FADS1 mRNA and other transcripts in proximity of the single nucleotide polymorphism were unaltered. In contrast, the FADS1
Δ
5-desaturase activity and the FADS2
Δ
6-desaturase activity were decreased. Finally, docosahexaenoic acid was decreased in calcified tissue compared with non-calcified tissue and C-allele carriers exhibited increased docosahexaenoic acid levels. Overall desaturase activity measured with ω-3 fatty acids was higher in C-allele carriers.

Conclusions:
The association between the FADS1 genotype and AS may implicate effects on valvular fatty acids.
Intraventricular Hemorrhage Clearance in Human Neonatal Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Mahaney Kelly B. , Buddhala Chandana , Paturu Mounica , Morales Diego , Limbrick David D. , Strahle Jennifer M. 
Published: May 2020

Background and Purpose—
Preterm neonates with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) are at risk for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and poor neurological outcomes. Iron has been implicated in ventriculomegaly, hippocampal injury, and poor outcomes following IVH. We hypothesized that levels of cerebrospinal fluid blood breakdown products and endogenous iron clearance proteins in neonates with IVH differ from those of neonates with IVH who subsequently develop posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

Methods—
Premature neonates with an estimated gestational age at birth <30 weeks who underwent lumbar puncture for clinical evaluation an average of 2 weeks after birth were evaluated. Groups consisted of controls (n=16), low-grade IVH (grades I–II; n=4), high-grade IVH (grades III–IV; n=6), and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (n=9). Control subjects were preterm neonates born at <30 weeks’ gestation without brain abnormality or hemorrhage on cranial ultrasound, who underwent lumbar puncture for clinical purposes. Cerebrospinal fluid hemoglobin, total bilirubin, total iron, ferritin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, haptoglobin, and hemopexin were quantified.

Results—

Cerebrospinal fluid hemoglobin levels were increased in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus compared with high-grade IVH (9.45 versus 6.06 µg/mL,
P
<0.05) and cerebrospinal fluid ferritin levels were increased in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus compared with controls (511.33 versus 67.08,
P
<0.01). No significant group differences existed for the other cerebrospinal fluid blood breakdown and iron-handling proteins tested. We observed positive correlations between ventricular enlargement (frontal occipital horn ratio) and ferritin (Pearson
r
=0.67), hemoglobin (Pearson
r
=0.68), and total bilirubin (Pearson
r
=0.69).

Conclusions—
Neonates with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus had significantly higher levels of hemoglobin than those with high-grade IVH. Levels of blood breakdown products, hemoglobin, ferritin, and bilirubin correlated with ventricular size. There was no elevation of several iron-scavenging proteins in cerebrospinal fluid in neonates with posthemorrhagic hydrocpehalus, indicative of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus as a disease state occurring when endogenous iron clearance mechanisms are overwhelmed.
Sovereignty: Indigenous Counter-Examples
Authors: Brett Mark G. , Wolfe Naomi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Through assertions of ‘sovereignty’, modern nation states lay claim to an undivided authority. It is commonly suggested that this kind of political assertion superseded the overlapping authorities of medieval theological imagination. But in settler colonial states, Indigenous sovereignties endure to the present, not washed away by the ‘tide of history’, and in many cases Indigenous peoples embrace Christian identities along with traditional law and custom. The peculiar complexities of Australian history reveal many counter-examples to the conventional modernist tale, and in particular, the article seeks to show how Indigenous Christians snatched the King James Bible from Protestant doctrines of discovery. This discussion comes at an historically significant time as Australian state governments contemplate treaty making with the First Nations, each of whom exercise their own alternative model of sovereignty within local jurisdictions. This article argues that biblical theologies can support the making of modern treaties.
“Tengo Feuza en la Piyadad de Allāh”: Piety and Polemic in an Aljamiado-Morisco “Companion in Paradise” Narrative
Authors: Wood Donald Walter 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The subject of this study is the Aljamiado-Morisco narrative, the Alḥadix đe Musā kon Yako el-karniçero, found in Madrid, BNE, MS 5305; an adaptation of the popular “Companion in Paradise” folktale type. Through a comparative reading of this and similar renderings of this tale, I will demonstrate that the Aljamiado narrative develops a detailed exemplification of ritual-like domestic practices that, within a Morisco context of use, served as a model for the proper care of one’s parents. For his fulfillment of these practices, the protagonist Jacob, condemned by the members of his community identified collectively as Banī Isrāʾīl, is promised a privileged place in Paradise alongside the prophet Moses. Contextualized within an Aljamiado-Morisco manuscript, Jacob’s reward is reframed as a polemical victory for Islam over other monotheistic traditions; a recurrent theme linking several of the texts contained in this manuscript.
Empirical Methodologies and the Value of Subjectivity in the Analysis of the Experience of Contemporary Experiential Art
Authors: Sadia Sadia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Current neuroscientific methods for the investigation of art experience are circumscribed by the researcher’s own cultural constructions of gender, art and beauty, and these present difficulties in the production of unassailable empirical data. Gathering biometric data of viewers or participants’ responses to artworks remains equally problematic as a consequence of the anticipation or arousal brought about by the act of preparing the subject for the collection of data. Much of the methodology that has been designed to study aesthetic psychological and affective states is based in classicism, a convention which contemporary experiential art defies. There is a group of contemporary experiential artworks, defined herein as ATRIA (Affective Transcendental Revelatory Immersive Artworks), which report a significantly higher rate for profound, life-changing, epiphanic, transcendent experiences, and the study of the experience of these artworks defies current methodologies. An understanding of these works and states requires a re-evaluation of the value of subjective reportage and the personal truths that are central to these experiences of art. Research artists understand that objective reality does not lie at the core of the experience of art, and that practice-based artist-led research (PBR) must as a consequence critically inform any neuroaesthetic or neuroscientific endeavour or study. The article is an opinion paper by a practising artist, academic and researcher.
A New k-Distribution Scheme for Clear-Sky Radiative Transfer Calculations in Earth’s Atmosphere. Part I: Thermal Infrared (Longwave) Radiation
Authors: Chou Ming-Dah , Chung-Chieh Yu Jack , Lee Wei-Liang , Shiu Chein-Jung , Lee Kyu-Tae , Zo Il-Sung , Jee Joon-Bum , Kim Bu-Yo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA new k-distribution scheme of longwave radiation without the correlated-k-distribution assumption is developed. Grouping of spectral points is based on the line-by-line (LBL)-calculated absorption coefficient k at a few sets of reference pressure pr and temperature θr, where the cooling rate is substantial in a spectral band. In this new scheme, the range of k(pr, θr) of a band is divided into a number of equal intervals, or g groups, in log10(kr). A spectral point at the wavenumber ν is identified with one of the g groups according to its kν(pr, θr). For each g group, a Planck-weighted k-distribution function Hg and a nonlinearly averaged absorption coefficient are derived. The function Hg and the absorption coefficient constitute the new k-distribution scheme. In this k-distribution scheme, a spectral point can only be identified with a g group regardless of pressure and temperature, which is different from the correlated-k distribution scheme. The k-distribution scheme is applied to the H2O, CO2, O3, N2O, and CH4 absorption bands, and results are compared with LBL calculations. To balance between the accuracy and the computational economy, the number of g groups in a band of a given gas is chosen such that 1) the difference in cooling rate is <0.1 K day−1 in the troposphere and <1.0 K day−1 in the stratosphere and 2) the difference in fluxes is <0.5 W m−2 at both the top of the atmosphere and the surface. These differences are attained with 130 g groups, which is the sum of the g groups of all five gases.
Moisture Attribution and Sensitivity Analysis of a Winter Tornado Outbreak
Authors: Molina Maria J. , Allen John T. , Prein Andreas F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe tornado outbreak of 21–23 January 2017 caused 20 fatalities, more than 200 injuries, and over a billion dollars in damage in the Southeast United States. The event occurred concurrently with a record-breaking warm Gulf of Mexico (GoM) basin. This article explores the influence that warm GoM sea surface temperatures (SSTs) had on the tornado outbreak. Backward trajectory analysis, combined with a Lagrangian-based moisture-attribution algorithm, reveals that the tornado outbreak’s moisture predominantly originated from the southeast GoM and the northwest Caribbean Sea. We used the WRF Model to generate a control simulation of the event and explore the response to perturbed SSTs. With the aid of a tornadic storm proxy derived from updraft helicity, we show that the 21–23 January 2017 tornado outbreak exhibits sensitivity to upstream SSTs during the first day of the event. Warmer SSTs across remote moisture sources and adjacent waters increase tornado frequency, in contrast to cooler SSTs, which reduce tornado activity. Upstream SST sensitivity is reduced once convection is ongoing and modifying local moisture and instability availability. Our results highlight the importance of air–sea interactions before airmass advection toward the continental United States. The complex and nonlinear nature of the relationship between upstream SSTs and local precursor environments is also discussed.
The First Descriptions of Dorsal Preservation Rhinoplasty in the 19th and Early- to Mid-20th Centuries and Relevance Today
Authors: Lee Joel , Abdul-Hamed Senan , Kazei Darya , Toriumi Dean , Lin Samuel J. 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The basis of dorsal preservation rhinoplasty goes back to the late 19th and the early 20th centuries. In that era, pioneers such as Drs. Goodale, Lothrop, and Cottle were prominent surgeons who reported on this technique. Currently, there has been a renewed interest of this technique that stems from the nasal anatomy and an interest in less destructive techniques. In this review, we discuss examples of the contributions of those surgeons, which represent some of the earliest experiences in this field. Methods: We reviewed several journals from the late 19th and early 20th centuries as detailed in the references section. We collected the related publications on closed reduction techniques performed by Drs. Goodale, Lothrop, and Cottle. Results: The publications on closed reduction techniques by Drs. Goodale, Lothrop, and Cottle described similar thought processes and techniques comparable to current dorsal preservation rhinoplasty techniques. The thought processes of these 3 renowned rhinoplasty surgeons appear to be very much relevant today. Conclusions: Although there has been recent resurgence in dorsal preservation rhinoplasty techniques due to anatomical and functional aspects of the nose, the basis of dorsal preservation rhinoplasty goes far back to more than 100 years ago.
Diagnosis of the Patulous Eustachian Tube
Authors: Ikeda Ryoukichi , Kikuchi Toshiaki , Oshima Hidetoshi , Kobayashi Toshimitsu 
Published: May 2020

Objectives:To review the diagnosis of patulous Eustachian tube (PET) based on the diagnostic criteria for the PET proposed by Japan Otological Society (JOS).Methods:We reviewed typical aural symptoms of PET, Eustachian tube (ET) obstruction procedure to confirm diagnosis of PET, objective findings of a patent ET obtainable from observation of the movement of the tympanic membrane, and by ET function tests (tubo-tympano-aerodynamic graphy, sonotubometry). In addition, usefulness of other tests such as patulous Eustachian tube handicap inventory-10 (PHI-10), sonotubometry with postural change (Ohta method), and sitting computed tomography (CT) to diagnose PET is described.Results and Conclusions:We have described the diagnosis of PET based on the diagnostic criteria for PET proposed by JOS; PHI-10, Ohta method, and sitting CT are also useful for the diagnosis of PET. Further investigation is needed for an accurate diagnosis and precise evaluation of the pathophysiology of this challenging disease.
New noninvasive methodology to measure cardiac output in veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients
Authors: Krivitski Nikolai , Galyanov Gregory , Gehron Johannes M , Bandorski Dirk , Boning Andreas 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Cardiac output (CO) measurement is vital in veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patient population to evaluate oxygen delivery and to early identify right heart failure. Standard clinical methods like pulmonary artery thermodilution and transpulmonary thermodilution are known to be inaccurate in the veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation setting, especially at high levels of recirculation. Objective: The aim of the study was to develop a simple noninvasive method to measure CO in patients during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Methods: A mathematical model was developed where CO was analyzed as a combination of two flows: oxygenated blood from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and less oxygenated mixed venous blood. The system of two mass balance equations for oxygen saturations was introduced to calculate CO. The procedure included measurement of recirculation (ELSA Monitor Transonic Systems Inc. Ithaca, USA) and arterial saturation at two extracorporeal membrane oxygenation flows after temporary pump flow decrease. Mathematic modeling that utilized a crude Monte Carlo method was used to analyze theoretical errors in CO calculations from unknown behavior of venous saturation. The developed concept was retrospectively applied to clinical data archive of 17 adult patients on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation that included 52 measurement sessions. Results: Mathematical modeling suggests that proportion of results with error ⩽10% was between 86% and 100% if pre-oxygenated saturation was available and it was between 78% and 86% if pre-oxygenated saturation was not available. Application of two mass balance equation concept to clinical data suggests that as the decrease of the arterial saturation reaches 6% due to flow decrease, then CO calculations becomes highly reliable as 96% (2 standard deviations) of the results has a reproducibility within 6.4%. Conclusion: The mathematical model and clinical retrospective analysis demonstrates that the new methodology has the potential to accurately measure CO in veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients. The next step is validation in animal and clinical settings.