bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based Smart Electronics via Machine Learning
Authors: Ji Xianglin , Zhao Tingkai , Zhao Xin , Lu Xufei , Li Tiehu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWith the development of artificial intelligence, it is urgent to empower traditional electronics with the ability to “think,” to “analyze,” and to “advise.” Here, a new product concept namely triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based smart electronics via the automatic machine learning data analysis algorithm is proposed. In this work, a simple water processing technique is used to fabricate porous polydimethylsiloxane, together with the weaving copper mesh, forming a high sensitivity flexible TENG. The as‐prepared TENG presents high sensitivity for the voice signal and handwriting signal detection with ≈0.2 V amplitude in the common talking and writing condition. Three words' pronunciation are recorded and the ensemble method is used as the machine learning model for the voice signal recognition with a recognition accuracy of 93.3%. To further demonstrate the possibility of applying machine learning algorithm for automatic analysis and recognition, larger database is analyzed. Twenty‐six letters' handwriting signals with total 520 samples are collected and a letter fingerprint library is established for further analysis. Hierarchical clustering and similarity matrix are used to study the intrinsic relationship between letters. “Medium Gaussian support vector machine” is used as machine learning model for the 26‐letter fingerprint identification with recognition accuracy of 93.5%.
Study on the Energy Band Regulation of Bi2−xSbxTe3 and Its Application as Mode Locking Material in Low Gain Ultrafast Fiber Laser
Authors: Song Chunyu , Zhang He , Jin Liang , Ma Xiaohui , Zou Yonggang , Shi Linlin , Xu Yingtian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTopological insulators (TIs) are widely used as saturable absorbers in ultrafast pulsed fiber lasers, but the low modulation depth and high threshold power of self‐starting mode‐locking limit their application, especially in the field of communication. Five Bi2Te3‐based materials are prepared by designing different doping ratios. The modulation depth is tunable from 4.41% to 51.31%. It is noteworthy that the minimum pump power of self‐starting mode‐locking is only 27.66 mW. In the circumstance of low gain, Kelly sideband is still weak even if the pump power reaches 165 mW. This is significant for the application in the field of laser communication. Density functional theory calculations show that the doping effect leads to the rearrangement of electrons near the Fermi level, which further leads to an increase in the density of states. The average contribution trend of Te pz of the five materials in each energy band near the Fermi level is consistent with the trend of modulation depth. This study suggests that the nonlinearity of Bi2Te3‐based materials can be improved by doping Sb, and stable self‐starting mode‐locking can be achieved at low gain and low pump power, providing a new idea for improving the nonlinearity of materials.
Highly Efficient Flexible Organic Light Emitting Transistor Based on High‐k Polymer Gate Dielectric
Authors: Chen Hongming , Xing Xing , Miao Jingsheng , Zhao Changbin , Zhu Miao , Bai JunWu , He Yaowu , Meng Hong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this work, the multilayer organic light emitting transistors (OLETs) based on high‐k polymer crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (C‐PVA) as the dielectric layer are studied. The devices show an excellent brightness of 14 500 cd m−2 and a record breaking external quantum efficiency (EQE) of about 9.0% in inert atmosphere. The use of perfluoro(1‐butenyl vinyl ether) polymer (CYTOP) modified C‐PVA as a hydrophobic dielectric affords OLETs with good stability, displaying a maximum brightness of 13 400 cd m−2 and EQE of 7.31% in ambient conditions with high humidity (relative humidity RH = 70%). Furthermore, the flexible OLETs based on CYTOP/C‐PVA dielectric layer show a brightness of 8300 cd m−2 and a peak EQE at 9.01%, which is the first reported flexible OLET with >500 cd m−2 brightness. The excellent OLET device performance is ascribed to the excellent hole transport structure, high efficiency of guest–host system, and the better carrier balance in the emitting layer, which could be a practical strategy to develop high‐performance flexible OLETs. It is proven for the first time that OLETs could achieve such high EQE and brightness, even for flexible OLETs, paving the way for their future application in industry.
Electrochemical Chalcogenation of β,γ‐Unsaturated Amides and Oximes to Corresponding Oxazolines and Isoxazolines
Authors: Mallick Samrat , Baidya Mrinmay , Mahanty Kingshuk , Maiti Debabrata , De Sarkar Suman 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe current report represents a transition‐metal‐free synthesis of oxazoline and isoxazoline derivatives by a tandem electro‐oxidative chalcogenation‐cyclization process. Both C−Se and C−S bond‐forming protocols were developed without using any external oxidant and the reaction was performed at room temperature, open to the air. Using this methodology, 29 substituted oxazoline and 16 substituted isoxazoline derivatives were synthesized with up to 91% isolated yield.magnified image
Zinc Acetate Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive Aldol Reaction of Ketones
Authors: Węglarz Izabela , Szewczyk Marcin , Mlynarski Jacek 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA highly enantioselective method for the synthesis of β‐hydroxy esters via reductive aldol reaction of acrylates with aryl and heteroaromatic ketones is described. In situ generated catalyst composed of zinc acetate and chiral diamine afforded enantioenriched tertiary alcohols in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 91% ee). This is also the first successful application of the zinc hydride reagent in stereoselective reductive aldol reactions of ketones.magnified image
A Highly Cost‐Efficient Large‐Scale Uniform Laminar Plasma Jet Array Enhanced by V–I Characteristic Modulation in a Non‐Self‐Sustained Atmospheric Discharge
Authors: Li Jing , Wang Jing , Lei Bingying , Zhang Tongyi , Tang Jie , Wang Yishan , Zhao Wei , Duan Yixiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDeveloping cost‐efficient large‐scale uniform plasma jets represents a significant challenge for high performance in material processing and plasma medicine. Here, a V–I characteristic modulation approach is proposed to reduce the discharge power and increase the plasma scale and chemical activity in non‐self‐sustained atmospheric direct‐current discharges. The electric field in discharge space is optimized to fundamentally empower simultaneously initiating all discharge cells far below Townsend breakdown potential and stably sustaining each plasma jet at low voltage. These strategies create a crucial step to fabricating a flexible and compact low‐power large‐scale uniform laminar plasma jet array (LPJA) with high activity in cheap argon. The mechanisms behind the discharge enhancement are revealed by combining V–I characteristic examination and a modulation model. Compared with conventional arrays, this LPJA possesses the widest size (90 mm) and raises its uniformity from 30% to 97%. Comparing different discharge modes shows that the LPJA scale is surprisingly increased nearly by 4 times with the discharge power reduced from 7.4 to 4.8 W. The methodology provides a highly cost‐efficient roadmap to break through the bottleneck of restricting low‐power discharge, large‐gap discharge, large‐scale discharge, parallel‐multi‐electrode discharge, and uniform discharge together. This advance will meet the urgent need for various plasma applications.
Mg Doped Li–LiB Alloy with In Situ Formed Lithiophilic LiB Skeleton for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wu Chen , Huang Haifeng , Lu Weiyi , Wei Zengxi , Ni Xuyan , Sun Fu , Qing Piao , Liu Zhijian , Ma Jianmin , Wei Weifeng , Chen Libao , Yan Chenglin , Mai Liqiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHigh energy density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are promising next‐generation energy storage devices. However, the uncontrollable dendrite growth and huge volume change limit their practical applications. Here, a new Mg doped Li–LiB alloy with in situ formed lithiophilic 3D LiB skeleton (hereinafter called Li–B–Mg composite) is presented to suppress Li dendrite and mitigate volume change. The LiB skeleton exhibits superior lithiophilic and conductive characteristics, which contributes to the reduction of the local current density and homogenization of incoming Li+ flux. With the introduction of Mg, the composite achieves an ultralong lithium deposition/dissolution lifespan (500 h, at 0.5 mA cm−2) without short circuit in the symmetrical battery. In addition, the electrochemical performance is superior in full batteries assembled with LiCoO2 cathode and the manufactured composite. The currently proposed 3D Li–B–Mg composite anode may significantly propel the advancement of LMB technology from laboratory research to industrial commercialization.
Corn nitrogen rate recommendation tools’ performance across eight US midwest corn belt states
Authors: Ransom Curtis J. , Kitchen Newell R. , Camberato James J. , Carter Paul R. , Ferguson Richard B. , Fernández Fabián G. , Franzen David W. , Laboski Carrie A. M. , Nafziger Emerson D. , Sawyer John E. , Scharf Peter C. , Shanahan John F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDetermining which corn (Zea mays L.) N fertilizer rate recommendation tools best predict crop N need would be valuable for maximizing profits and minimizing environmental consequences. Simultaneous comparisons of multiple tools across various environmental conditions have been limited. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the performance of publicly‐available N fertilizer recommendation tools across diverse soil and weather conditions for: (i) prescribing N rates for planting and split‐fertilizer applications, and (ii) economic and environmental effects. Corn N‐response trials using standardized methods were conducted at 49 sites, spanning eight US Midwest states and three growing seasons. Nitrogen applications included eight rates in 45 kg N ha−1 increments all at‐planting and matching rates with 45 kg N ha−1 at‐planting plus at the V9 development stage. Tool performances were compared to the economically optimal N rate (EONR). Over this large geographic region, only 10 of 31 recommendation tools (mainly soil nitrate tests) produced N rate recommendations that weakly correlated to EONR (P ≤ .10; r2 ≤ .20). With other metrics of performance, the Maximum Return to N (MRTN) soil nitrate tests, and canopy reflectance sensing came close to matching EONR. Economically, all tools but the Maize‐N crop growth model had similar returns compared to EONR. Environmentally, yield goal based tools resulted in the highest environmental costs. Results show that no tool was universally reliable over this study's diverse growing environments, suggesting that additional tool development is needed to better represent N inputs and crop utilization at a larger regional level.
Recent Developments of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Carboxylic Acids to their Corresponding Alcohols
Authors: Tamura Masazumi , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Tomishige Keiichi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHydrogenation of carboxylic acids is an important organic reaction for the synthesis of alcohols, aldehydes, alkanes, and so on. Selective hydrogenation of carboxylic acids to alcohols is particularly important because alcohols are useful and valuable chemicals. However, the hydrogenation of carboxylic acids is difficult due to the low reactivity of the carboxy group and the acidic property, which require rational design of catalysts. Up to now, various effective homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts have been intensively developed, and remarkable advances have been made in heterogeneous catalysts. In this minireview, recent progress (2010 and after) on the development of heterogeneous catalysts for hydrogenation of carboxylic acids to alcohols, particularly for monocarboxylic acids to mono primary alcohols, is reviewed. The reported literatures were categorized in terms of catalyst systems, such as monometallic catalysts and bimetallic catalysts. The characteristics, particularly the structure of active sites, reaction mechanism and stability, were introduced.
Behavioral predictors of pairing success in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: MacAllister Rhonda P. , Heagerty Allison , Coleman Kristine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPair housing is one of the most important components of behavioral management for caged macaques; however, it can result in aggression and injury if partners are incompatible. Knowing when to proceed and when to stop social introductions can be challenging, and can have consequences for the partners. We examined whether behavior early in social introductions predicted success (i.e., partners remained cohoused with full contact for at least 28 days) in 724 female–female and 477 male–male rhesus macaque pairs. We took cage side one–zero focal observations on pairs during the first 2 days of full contact, recording social and aggressive behaviors. The majority of pairs (79.6% of female and 83.0% of male) were successful. The most common behaviors exhibited by pairs during these observations were maintaining proximity, tandem threats, and anxiety. Mounting was also relatively common in male pairs. Grooming and close social contact (e.g., touching) were not common in our study. Several behaviors observed on Day 1 significantly predicted pairing success. For females, these included proximity, tandem threat, rump present, mount, and groom. Day 1 predictors of success for male pairs included proximity, tandem threat, rump present, mount, and social contact. Fewer behaviors predicted success on Day 2. Maintaining proximity on Day 2 predicted success for both sexes, but tandem threat predicted success only for females. Behaviors that predicted incompatibility for females on Day 1 included displace, grimace, threat, bite, and other aggressive contacts. Day 1 predictors of separation for male pairs were displaced, grimace, and abnormal behavior. The only Day 2 behavior that correlated with incompatibility was grimace, which was predictive for males. Interestingly, aggression did not predict incompatibility for male pairs. Identifying behaviors exhibited by monkeys early in the pair introduction that are predictive of long‐term compatibility can shape pairing decisions, reducing later stress and potential injury.
Impairment of the Glymphatic Pathway and Putative Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels in the Aging Human
Authors: Zhou Ying , Cai Jinsong , Zhang Wenhua , Gong Xiaoxian , Yan Shenqiang , Zhang Kemeng , Luo Zhongyu , Sun Jianzhong , Jiang Quan , Lou Min 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveAging is a major risk factor for numerous neurological disorders, and the mechanisms underlying brain aging remain elusive. Recent animal studies demonstrated a tight relationship between impairment of the glymphatic pathway, meningeal lymphatic vessels, and aging. However, the relationship in the human brain remains uncertain.MethodsIn this observational cohort study, patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging before and at multiple time points after intrathecal administration of a contrast agent. Head T1‐weighted imaging was performed to assess the function of the glymphatic pathway and head high‐resolution T2–fluid attenuated inversion recovery imaging to visualize putative meningeal lymphatic vessels (pMLVs). We measured the signal unit ratio (SUR) of 6 locations in the glymphatic pathway and pMLVs, defined the percentage change in SUR from baseline to 39 hours as the clearance of the glymphatic pathway and pMLVs, and then analyzed their relationships with aging.ResultsIn all patients (N = 35), the SUR of the glymphatic pathway and pMLVs changed significantly after intrathecal injection of the contrast agent. The clearance of both the glymphatic pathway and pMLVs was related to aging (all p < 0.05). The clearance of pMLVs was significantly related to the clearance of the glymphatic pathway (all p < 0.05), and the clearance of the glymphatic pathway was significantly faster in patients with early filling of pMLVs than those with late filling (all p < 0.05).InterpretationWe revealed that both the glymphatic pathway and pMLVs might be impaired in the aging human brain through the novel, clinically available method to simultaneously visualize their clearance. Our findings also support that in humans, pMLVs are the downstream of the glymphatic pathway. Ann Neurol 2020;87:357–369
Chain Transfer to Toluene in Styrene Coordination Polymerization
Authors: Lin Fei , Liu Zhaohe , Wang Meiyan , Liu Bo , Li Shihui , Cui Dongmei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe chain‐transfer reaction is rather important in coordination polymerization regarding catalytic efficiency, adjustment of molecular weight, and control of chain structure. To date, chain transfer to H2 and Al, Mg, and Zn alkyl compounds and β‐H elimination are the commonly encountered modes. Now a novel chain transfer to toluene is reported. By introducing fluorine atoms into the β‐diketimine ligands, an inert catalytic system for styrene (St) coordination polymerization was transferred into the highly active one. The activity increased with an increase in the number of fluorines in the ligands. Surprisingly, the molecular weights of resultant polystyrenes are very low (Mn=2000–6600 Da) despite of St loadings, corresponding up to 121 chains per active species. The mechanisms were investigated by DFT simulation, MALDI‐TOF MS, isotope tracing experiment and 2D NMR spectrum analyses, which revealed that the fluorine activated the polymerization and directed chain transfer to toluene.
Functional Disruption of the Cancer‐Relevant Interaction between Survivin and Histone H3 with a Guanidiniocarbonyl Pyrrole Ligand
Authors: Vallet Cecilia , Aschmann Dennis , Beuck Christine , Killa Matthias , Meiners Annika , Mertel Marcel , Ehlers Martin , Bayer Peter , Schmuck Carsten , Giese Michael , Knauer Shirley K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe protein Survivin is highly upregulated in most cancers and considered to be a key player in carcinogenesis. We explored a supramolecular approach to address Survivin as a drug target by inhibiting the protein–protein interaction of Survivin and its functionally relevant binding partner Histone H3. Ligand L1 is based on the guanidiniocarbonyl pyrrole cation and serves as a highly specific anion binder in order to target the interaction between Survivin and Histone H3. NMR titration confirmed binding of L1 to Survivin's Histone H3 binding site. The inhibition of the Survivin–Histone H3 interaction and consequently a reduction of cancer cell proliferation were demonstrated by microscopic and cellular assays.
Methods for broad‐scale plant phenology assessments using citizen scientists’ photographs
Authors: Barve Vijay V. , Brenskelle Laura , Li Daijiang , Stucky Brian J. , Barve Narayani V. , Hantak Maggie M. , McLean Bryan S. , Paluh Daniel J. , Oswald Jessica A. , Belitz Michael W. , Folk Ryan A. , Guralnick Robert P. 
Published: January 2020

PremiseCitizen science platforms for sharing photographed digital vouchers, such as iNaturalist, are a promising source of phenology data, but methods and best practices for use have not been developed. Here we introduce methods using Yucca flowering phenology as a case study, because drivers of Yucca phenology are not well understood despite the need to synchronize flowering with obligate pollinators. There is also evidence of recent anomalous winter flowering events, but with unknown spatiotemporal extents.MethodsWe collaboratively developed a rigorous, consensus‐based approach for annotating and sharing whole plant and flower presence data from iNaturalist and applied it to Yucca records. We compared spatiotemporal flowering coverage from our annotations with other broad‐scale monitoring networks (e.g., the National Phenology Network) in order to determine the unique value of photograph‐based citizen science resources.ResultsAnnotations from iNaturalist were uniquely able to delineate extents of unusual flowering events in Yucca. These events, which occurred in two different regions of the Desert Southwest, did not appear to disrupt the typical‐period flowering.DiscussionOur work demonstrates that best practice approaches to scoring iNaturalist records provide fine‐scale delimitation of phenological events. This approach can be applied to other plant groups to better understand how phenology responds to changing climate.
Variation in the pH of experimental diets affects the performance ofLymantria dispar asiaticalarvae and its gut microbiota
Authors: Zeng Jian‐Yong , Shi Jiang‐Hong , Guo Jia‐Xing , Shi Zhong‐Bin , Zhang Guo‐Cai , Zhang Jie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo study dietary pH effects onLymantria dispar asiaticalarvae and provide a theoretical basis for its control in different forests, phosphate buffers (PBs) of pH 6, 7, and 8 were used to prepare experimental diets. The diet prepared with pH 6 PB was named as DPB6, with pH 8 PB as DPB8, and with pH 7 PB as DPB7 (control). The dietary pH was 5.00 in DPB6, 6.05 in control, and 6.50 in DPB8. After feeding on the diets with different pH values for 84 hr, fourth‐instar caterpillars were randomly collected. Growth and various physiological traits were determined and 16S recombinant DNA sequencing was performed using the intestinal microflora of surviving larvae. Results showed that the mortality was 30% in DPB6, and 10% in DPB8, while no mortality was observed in control. The partial least squares discriminant analyses suggested that diets prepared with PB of different pH resulted in different food intake, amount of produced feces, weight gain, digestive enzyme activities, and antioxidant enzyme activities in larvae. Interestingly, both the highest weight gain and the lowest total antioxidant capacities were seen in control larvae. Results also showed that the larval gut microbiota community structure was significantly affected by dietary pH. Moreover, linear discriminant analysis effect size suggested that the family Acetobacteraceae in control, genusPrevotellain DPB8, and genusLactococcus, family Flavobacteriaceae, family Mitochondria, and family Burkholderiaceae in DPB6 contributed to the diversity of the larval gut microbial community.
Propafenone analogue with additional H‐bond acceptor group shows increased inhibitory activity on P‐glycoprotein
Authors: Cseke Anna , Schwarz Theresa , Jain Sankalp , Decker Simon , Vogl Kerstin , Urban Ernst , Ecker Gerhard F. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractP‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) is an ATP‐dependent efflux pump that has a marked impact on the absorption, distribution, and excretion of therapeutic drugs. As P‐gp inhibition can result in drug–drug interactions and altered drug bioavailability, identifying molecular properties that are linked to inhibition is of great interest in drug development. In this study, we combined chemical synthesis, in vitro testing, quantitative structure–activity relationship analysis, and docking studies to investigate the role of hydrogen bond (H‐bond) donor/acceptor properties in transporter–ligand interaction. In a previous work, it has been shown that propafenone analogs with a 4‐hydroxy‐4‐piperidine moiety exhibit a generally 10‐fold higher P‐gp inhibitory activity than expected based on their lipophilicity. Here, we specifically expanded the data set by introducing substituents at position 4 of the 4‐phenylpiperidine moiety to assess the importance of H‐bond donor/acceptor features in this region. The results suggest that indeed an H‐bond acceptor, such as hydroxy and methoxy, increases the affinity by forming a H‐bond with Tyr310.