bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapie der systemischen Sklerose-assoziierten interstitiellen Lungenerkrankung
Authors: Prasse A. , Bonella F. , Müller-Ladner U. , Witte T. , Hunzelmann N. , Distler J. 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die systemische Sklerose (SSc) ist eine fibrosierende Autoimmunerkrankung aus der Gruppe der Kollagenosen. Neben der Hautfibrose zählt eine Beteiligung der Lunge, insbesondere in Form einer interstitiellen Lungenerkrankung (ILD), zu den häufigsten und schwersten Organmanifestationen der SSc. Die Krankheit geht insbesondere bei progressiver ILD mit einer erheblichen Morbidität und Mortalität einher. In den letzten 5 Jahren wurden in zahlreichen klinischen Studien neue Behandlungskonzepte für die SSc-ILD untersucht.

Material und Methoden
Im Rahmen dieses Reviews erfolgte eine Literaturrecherche mittels PubMed, die sich auf die relevantesten Beiträge der bis Ende 2018 veröffentlichten medizinischen Literatur mit den Schlagwörtern „SSc“ und „Treatment“ konzentrierte.

Ergebnisse
Die Therapie der SSc-ILD hat sich in den letzten Jahren aufgrund der Ergebnisse zahlreicher klinischer Studien gewandelt. Die aktualisierten Leitlinien der Europäischen Rheumatologengesellschaft (EULAR) empfehlen den Einsatz von Cyclophosphamid oder einer hämatopoetischen Stammzelltransplantation. Daten zur positiven Beeinflussung der SSc-ILD liegen auch für Mycophenolat, Tocilizumab und Anabasum vor. Aufgrund der pathophysiologischen Gemeinsamkeiten zur idiopathischen Lungenfibrose wird derzeit der Einsatz der antifibrotischen Wirkstoffe Nintedanib und Pirfenidon in randomisierten, multizentrischen klinischen Studien getestet und könnte eine zusätzliche, vielversprechende Therapiestrategie sein.

Schlussfolgerung
Innovative therapeutische Perspektiven für die SSc-ILD sind durch Erfolg versprechende Ansätze aktueller Arzneimittelstudien gegeben und könnten in Zukunft die Prognose von Betroffenen merklich verbessern.
Three-dimensional versus two-dimensional high-definition laparoscopy in transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair: a prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Koppatz Hanna E. , Harju Jukka I. , Sirén Jukka E. , Mentula Panu J. , Scheinin Tom M. , Sallinen Ville J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background
Three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopy improves technical efficacy in laboratory environment, but evidence for clinical benefit is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine whether the 3D laparoscopy is beneficial in transabdominal preperitoneal laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (TAPP).

Method
In this prospective, single-blinded, single-center, superior randomized trial, patients scheduled for TAPP were randomly allocated to either 3D or two-dimensional (2D) TAPP laparoscopic approaches. Patients were excluded if secondary operation was planned, the risk of conversion was high, or the surgeon had less than five previous 3D laparoscopic procedures. Patients were operated on by 13 residents and 3 attendings. The primary endpoint was operation time. The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02367573).

Results
Total 278 patients were randomized between 5th February 2015 and 23rd October 2017. Median operation time was shorter in the 3D group (56.0 min vs. 68.0 min, p < 0.001). 10 (8%) patients in 3D group and 6 (5%) patients in 2D group had clinically significant complications (Clavien–Dindo 2 or higher) (p = 0.440). Rate of hernia recurrence was similar between groups at 1-year follow-up. In the subgroup analyses, operation time was shorter in 3D laparoscopy among attendings, residents, female surgeons, surgeons with perfect stereovision, surgeons with > 50 3D laparoscopic procedures, surgeons with any experience in TAPP, patients with body mass indices < 30, and bilateral inguinal hernia repairs.

Conclusion
3D laparoscopy is beneficial and shortens operation time but does not affect safety or long-term outcomes of TAPP.
On the quasi-sure superhedging duality with frictions
Authors: Bayraktar Erhan , Burzoni Matteo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe prove the superhedging duality for a discrete-time financial market with proportional transaction costs under model uncertainty. Frictions are modelled through solvency cones as in the original model of Kabanov (Finance Stoch. 3:237–248, 1999) adapted to the quasi-sure setup of Bouchard and Nutz (Ann. Appl. Probab. 25:823–859, 2015). Our approach allows removing the restrictive assumption of no arbitrage of the second kind considered in Bouchard et al. (Math. Finance 29:837–860, 2019) and showing the duality under the more natural condition of strict no arbitrage. In addition, we extend the results to models with portfolio constraints.
How many third molars remain unnoticed in a population survey without panoramic radiographs?
Authors: Ventä Irja , Huumonen Sisko , Suominen Anna Liisa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective
The aim of the study was to compare the findings of clinical examination and panoramic radiograph regarding the occurrence of third molars in a population survey to find out how many third molars remain clinically unnoticed.

Materials and methods
A two-staged stratified cluster-sampling method was used to select 8028 participants representing the adult population aged 30 years and older. Clinical oral examinations and panoramic radiographs were carried out for 5989 subjects (46% men, 54% women; mean age 52.5, SD 14.6; range 30–97 years). Clinical recordings of the presence of third molars were compared with the radiographs. Statistics included chi-squared, Fisher’s, Wilcoxon’s, and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results
In the 5989 subjects, 3742 third molars were recorded in the clinical examination, and 5912 were observed in the panoramic images, a difference of 2170 teeth. Furthermore, related to 3668 (61%) of the third molars, both clinical and radiographic recordings were attributed to the same third molar, while 2244 third molars were observed only in the panoramic image, and 74 only in the clinical examination. In every age group, the mean number of third molars per subject was larger radiographically compared with the clinical recordings (means for all 0.99 vs. 0.62; P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Numbers of third molars, recorded in clinical examination alone, are underreported by approximately one-third compared with radiographic findings.

Clinical relevance
The numbers of third molars in a population survey without a panoramic radiograph do not reflect the total number of third molars in a population.
Evaluation of augmented reality technology for the design of an evacuation training game
Authors: Catal Cagatay , Akbulut Akhan , Tunali Berkay , Ulug Erol , Ozturk Eren 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBuilding evacuation training systems and training employees in an organization have a vital role in emergency cases in which people need to know what to do exactly. In every building, procedures, rules, and actions are attractively shown on the walls, but most of the people living in that building are not aware of these procedures and do not have any experience what to do in these dangerous situations. In order to be able to apply these procedures properly in an emergency situation, community members should be trained with the state-of-the-art equipment and technologies, but to do so, up-front investment and development of such a system are necessary. In this study, augmented reality (AR) technology was applied to realize a game-based evacuation training system that implements gamification practices. The architectural plans of a university were used to model the floors and the relevant environment. Employees are trained to learn how to reach the nearest exit location in the event of a fire or earthquake, and also, the system provides the shortest path for the evacuation. In addition to these features, our training game has educational animations about the fire, chemical attack, and earthquake events. A mobile application was implemented to train employees working in the building and inform them to know how to escape in an emergency situation. The technology acceptance model and the related questionnaire form were applied, and the response of 36 participants was analyzed. It was demonstrated that AR and relevant tools provide a flexible environment to develop evacuation systems in a university, our mobile application enabled participants to be trained in a realistic environment, and trainees were highly satisfied with the system. Educational animations were also another benefit for the trainees.
Implementable tensor methods in unconstrained convex optimization
Authors: Nesterov Yurii 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper we develop new tensor methods for unconstrained convex optimization, which solve at each iteration an auxiliary problem of minimizing convex multivariate polynomial. We analyze the simplest scheme, based on minimization of a regularized local model of the objective function, and its accelerated version obtained in the framework of estimating sequences. Their rates of convergence are compared with the worst-case lower complexity bounds for corresponding problem classes. Finally, for the third-order methods, we suggest an efficient technique for solving the auxiliary problem, which is based on the recently developed relative smoothness condition (Bauschke et al. in Math Oper Res 42:330–348, 2017; Lu et al. in SIOPT 28(1):333–354, 2018). With this elaboration, the third-order methods become implementable and very fast. The rate of convergence in terms of the function value for the accelerated third-order scheme reaches the level $$O\left( {1 \over k^4}\right) $$

O

1

k
4

, where k is the number of iterations. This is very close to the lower bound of the order $$O\left( {1 \over k^5}\right) $$

O

1

k
5

, which is also justified in this paper. At the same time, in many important cases the computational cost of one iteration of this method remains on the level typical for the second-order methods.
Epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria
Authors: Has Cristina , Fischer Judith 
Published: November 2019

Zusammenfassung
Epidermolysis bullosa hereditaria (EB) umfasst eine Gruppe von Erkrankungen, die mit Hautfragilität und mechanisch verursachter Blasenbildung einhergehen. Die klinischen Manifestationen zeigen unterschiedliche Schweregrade, von lebensbedrohlich bis leicht. Im Kindesalter und bei Erwachsenen kann das klinische Bild typisch sein; allerdings kann bei Neugeborenen der EB-Subtyp klinisch häufig nicht bestimmt werden. Pathogene Varianten in 20 Genen sind bereits als krankheitsursächlich für die verschiedenen Formen der EB beschrieben. Die allelische Heterogenität ist sehr groß. Die Diagnostik basiert auf der genauen klinischen Untersuchung, der Familienanamnese und der molekulargenetischen Analyse. Aufgrund der genetischen Heterogenität und der Größe der Gene eignet sich die „Next-generation-sequencing“-basierte Multi-Gen-Panel-Diagnostik am besten. Teilweise sind Genotyp-Phänotyp-Korrelationen bekannt, sodass die genetische Diagnostik auch prognostisch eine Rolle spielt.
Biomechanics of Osteoporotic Fracture Fixation
Authors: Hollensteiner Marianne , Sandriesser Sabrina , Bliven Emily , von Rüden Christian , Augat Peter 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Fractures of osteoporotic bone in elderly individuals need special attention. This manuscript reviews the current strategies to provide sufficient fracture fixation stability with a particular focus on fractures that frequently occur in elderly individuals with osteoporosis and require full load-bearing capacity, i.e., pelvis, hip, ankle, and peri-implant fractures.

Recent Findings
Elderly individuals benefit immensely from immediate mobilization after fracture and thus require stable fracture fixation that allows immediate post-operative weight-bearing. However, osteoporotic bone has decreased holding capacity for metallic implants and is thus associated with a considerable fracture fixation failure rate both short term and long term. Modern implant technologies with dedicated modifications provide sufficient mechanical stability to allow immediate weight-bearing for elderly individuals. Depending on fracture location and fracture severity, various options are available to reinforce or augment standard fracture fixation systems.

Summary
Correct application of the basic principles of fracture fixation and the use of modern implant technologies enables mechanically stable fracture fixation that allows early weight-bearing and results in timely fracture healing even in patients with osteoporosis.
The Manufacture and Characterisation of Rosid Angiosperm-Derived Biochars Applied to Water Treatment
Authors: Idowu Gideon A. , Fletcher Ashleigh J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMarabu (Dichrostachys cinerea) from Cuba and aspen (Populus tremula) from Britain are two rosid angiosperms that grow easily, as a weed and as a phytoremediator, respectively. As part of scientific efforts to valorise these species, their barks and woods were pyrolysed at 350, 450, 550 and 650 °C, and the resulting biochars were characterised to determine the potential of the products for particular applications. Percentage carbon composition of the biochars generally increased with pyrolysis temperature, giving biochars with highest carbon contents at 650 °C. Biochars produced from the core marabu and aspen wood sections had higher carbon contents (up to 85%) and BET surface areas (up to 381 m2g−1) than those produced from the barks. The biochar porous structures were predominantly mesoporous, while micropores were developed in marabu biochars produced at 650 °C and aspen biochars produced above 550 °C. Chemical and thermal activation of marabu carbon greatly enhanced its adsorption capacity for metaldehyde, a molluscicide that has been detected frequently in UK natural waters above the recommended EU limit.
Repdigits as sums of three Padovan numbers
Authors: Ddamulira Mahadi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLet $$ \{P_{n}\}_{n\ge 0} $${Pn}n≥0 be the sequence of Padovan numbers defined by $$ P_0=0 $$P0=0, $$ P_1 =1=P_2$$P1=1=P2, and $$ P_{n+3}= P_{n+1} +P_n$$Pn+3=Pn+1+Pn for all $$ n\ge 0 $$n≥0. In this paper, we find all repdigits in base 10 which can be written as a sum of three Padovan numbers.
A Systematic Review of Automatic Question Generation for Educational Purposes
Authors: Kurdi Ghader , Leo Jared , Parsia Bijan , Sattler Uli , Al-Emari Salam 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhile exam-style questions are a fundamental educational tool serving a variety of purposes, manual construction of questions is a complex process that requires training, experience, and resources. This, in turn, hinders and slows down the use of educational activities (e.g. providing practice questions) and new advances (e.g. adaptive testing) that require a large pool of questions. To reduce the expenses associated with manual construction of questions and to satisfy the need for a continuous supply of new questions, automatic question generation (AQG) techniques were introduced. This review extends a previous review on AQG literature that has been published up to late 2014. It includes 93 papers that were between 2015 and early 2019 and tackle the automatic generation of questions for educational purposes. The aims of this review are to: provide an overview of the AQG community and its activities, summarise the current trends and advances in AQG, highlight the changes that the area has undergone in the recent years, and suggest areas for improvement and future opportunities for AQG. Similar to what was found previously, there is little focus in the current literature on generating questions of controlled difficulty, enriching question forms and structures, automating template construction, improving presentation, and generating feedback. Our findings also suggest the need to further improve experimental reporting, harmonise evaluation metrics, and investigate other evaluation methods that are more feasible.
Networks of need: a geospatial analysis of secondary cities
Authors: Shores Amanda , Johnson Hanna , Fugate Debbie , Laituri Melinda 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Introduction
Urbanization and the continued growth of cities, both demographically and spatially, are topics of research studied across a range of disciplines in the urban millennium — a time in history when the majority of people live in cities. However, scholarly research has focused little attention on secondary cities, despite being the most rapidly growing cities in many low-and middle-income countries. Secondary cities, defined by their function rather than population size, are vital nodes for regional commerce and services. As these cities have historically been understudied, they lack geospatial data and the associated analyses important for local planners to understand how to meet current needs and plan for future growth. With this research, openly available geospatial data are evaluated, including both global (i.e., population distribution), local (i.e., municipal data), and data for four service categories (i.e., education, social, health, and food services). This research presents techniques to provide baseline understanding of data needs and accessibility of services in secondary cities with limited geospatial data and expertise.

Case description
We examine two secondary cities, Pokhara, Nepal, and Douala, Cameroon. These cities are experiencing unplanned growth, development, and exposure to conditions that contribute to intra-urban inequalities. This research takes a spatial approach—coupling locally-created data sources (i.e., municipality data, field-collected, and non-governmental organizations’ data) with global databases (i.e., world population and satellite images) to demonstrate how spatial data can be integrated and analyzed to enrich our limited understanding of secondary cities and the needs of resident populations. Four categories of services are evaluated and the distance to services from populated areas is calculated.

Discussion and evaluation
This research suggests that the distribution of services in both cities does not align with high-need, densely populated areas for certain services, a result of unplanned urban growth. Conversely, populations in areas far from the city center must travel relatively far distances to reach services, indicating lower levels of accessibility.

Conclusion
The results of this research serve to identify mapping needs and service accessibility. Projects focusing on geospatial data creation provide information needed for local populations to assess their community and the network of services offered. Additionally, local-decision makers can seek policy options to address unmet needs for community improvements and inequality reduction.
Quantitative measurements of inorganic analytes on a digital microfluidics platform
Authors: Huang Shuquan , Fair Richard B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTwo methods were studied for selectively measuring the on-chip absorbance of trace sulfate analytes in droplets on a digital microfluidics (DMF) platform. In one method, the direction of measurement was perpendicular to the flat upper and lower surfaces of the DMF platform (vertical), and in the second method, the measurement direction was parallel to the DMF platform surfaces (horizontal). The channel height or the vertical light path length was 0.24 mm, and the droplet diameter was 1 mm. The DMF system employed a silicone oil transport medium whereby a thin, non-uniform oil layer formed between the droplet and the upper/lower plates which was unstable, resulting in randomly formed local oil lenses. The mobile oil lenses caused vertical absorbance measurement errors and uncertainties. The effects of the oil lenses were verified by simulation. Horizontal absorbance measurements were taken with embedded optical fibers (0.2 mm in diameter) aligned over the bottom chip surface in contact with the sides of the droplet, resulting in a horizontal light path length approximately three times that of the vertical light path. Because no oil lenses could form on the droplet’s sides, the stability of repeated horizontal measurements outperformed repeated vertical measurements made on the same droplet and on multiple droplets actuated into the measurement positions. Comparisons were based on measurement standard deviations and limits of detection (LOD). The following LODs and measurement standard deviations were achieved for horizontal measurements of multiple sulfate concentrations in 1.5 µl droplets: 7 ppm for sulfate (0.3–2.7%) and an R2 value of 0.957 from a least square data fit. Measurements on a commercial plate reader gave comparable results (200 µl liquid in each well, LOD equals 11 ppm, CV equals to 0.2–4%), even though the absorbance path was larger (0.7 mm). This LOD value means that the chip could detect 10.5 ng of sulfate. LOD values on vertical measurements were also similar, but large measurement errors from numerous outlier points yielded an R2 value of 0.735 and large average measurement standard deviations (36%).
Dissolved inorganic Radiocarbon content of the Western Coral sea: Implications for Intermediate and Deep Water Circulation
Authors: Servettaz Aymeric PM , Yokoyama Yusuke , Hirabayashi Shoko , Kienast Markus , Miyairi Yosuke , Mohtadi Mahyar 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThe South Pacific Ocean contributes to the global carbon cycle by exchanging CO2 between the atmosphere and intermediate to deep water masses. The path of the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) in the South Pacific gyre has been inferred from salinity, oxygen, and nutrient measurements, but radiocarbon (14C) measurements—a direct tracer of the carbon cycle—remain sparse. Here, we present the first radiocarbon profiles in the western Coral Sea and compare our measurements with South Pacific stations from GLODAPv2, a database of ocean hydrochemistry. Surface and subsurface waters in the Coral Sea cannot be attributed to a single source based on their Δ14C signatures, and we observe a penetration of bomb-produced 14C. AAIW in the western Coral Sea shows Δ14C values comparable to those in the South Pacific gyre, consistent with circulation of AAIW in the lower part of the southern equatorial current. The deep waters of the western Coral Sea have significantly higher 14C than the South Pacific at the same isopycnal, consistent with a northward intrusion of Circumpolar Deep Water from the Tasman Sea, along with a westward influx of deep waters from the Central Pacific. In accordance with silicate concentrations published previously, this shows the dual origin of deep waters in the Coral Sea.
DAUGAVET PROPERTY IN TENSOR PRODUCT SPACES
Authors: Rueda Zoca Abraham , Tradacete Pedro , Villanueva Ignacio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe study the Daugavet property in tensor products of Banach spaces. We show that$L_{1}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D707})\widehat{\otimes }_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}}L_{1}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D708})$has the Daugavet property when$\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$and$\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$are purely non-atomic measures. Also, we show that$X\widehat{\otimes }_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}}Y$has the Daugavet property provided$X$and$Y$are$L_{1}$-preduals with the Daugavet property, in particular, spaces of continuous functions with this property. With the same techniques, we also obtain consequences about roughness in projective tensor products as well as the Daugavet property of projective symmetric tensor products.