bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOFIA-EXES Observations of Betelgeuse during the Great Dimming of 2019/2020
Authors: Harper Graham M. , DeWitt Curtis N. , Richter Matthew J. , Guinan Edward F. , Wasatonic Richard , Ryde Nils , Montiel Edward J. , Townsend Amanda J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In 2019 October Betelgeuse began a decline in V-band brightness that went beyond the minimum expected from its quasi-periodic ∼420 day cycle, becoming the faintest in recorded photometric history. Observations obtained in 2019 December with Very Large Telescope/SPHERE have shown that the southern half of the star has become markedly fainter than in 2019 January, indicating that a major change has occurred in, or near, the photosphere. We present Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) Echelon Cross Echelle Spectrograph (EXES) high spectral-resolution observations of [Fe ii]

and [S i]

emission lines from Betelgeuse obtained during the unprecedented 2020 February V-band brightness minimum to investigate potential changes in the circumstellar flow. These spectra are compared to observations obtained in 2015 and 2017 when the V magnitude was typical of brighter phases. We find only very small changes in the gas velocities reflected by either of the line profiles, no significant changes in the flux to continuum ratios, and hence no significant changes in the [Fe ii]/[S i] flux ratios. There is evidence that absorption features have appeared in the 2020 continuum. The Alfvén wave-crossing time from the upper photosphere is sufficiently long that one would not expect a change in the large-scale magnetic field to reach the circumstellar [Fe ii] and [S i] line-forming regions, 3 < R (R
*) < 20. However, the light-crossing time is of order a few hours and a reduction in luminosity may reduce the dust-gas heating rate and [O i]

emission, which has contributions from R > 20R
*, where significant circumstellar oxygen-rich dust is observed.
Thermally Driven Angular Momentum Transport in Hot Jupiters
Authors: Yu Cong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We study the angular momentum transport inside hot Jupiters under the influence of gravitational and thermal forcing. Due to the strong stellar irradiation, a radiative region develops on top of the convective region. Internal gravity waves are launched at the radiative–convective boundaries (RCBs). The thermal response is dynamical and plays an important role in the angular momentum transport. By separating the gravitational and thermal forcing terms, we identify the thermal effects of increasing the angular momentum transport. For the low-frequency (in the corotating frame with planets) prograde (retrograde) tidal frequency, the angular momentum flux is positive (negative). The tidal interactions tend to drive the planet to the synchronous state. We find that the angular momentum transport associated with the internal gravity wave is very sensitive to relative position between the RCB and the penetration depth of the thermal forcing. If the RCB is in the vicinity of the thermal forcing penetration depth, even with small amplitude thermal forcing, the thermally driven angular momentum flux could be much larger than the flux induced by gravitational forcing. The thermally enhanced torque could drive the planet to the synchronous state in as short as a few 104 yr.
Physio-Feedback and Exercise Program (PEER) Improves Balance, Muscle Strength, and Fall Risk in Older Adults
Authors: Thiamwong Ladda , Stout Jeffrey R. , Sole Mary Lou , Ng Boon Peng , Yan Xin , Talbert Steven 
Published: April 2020

A one-group pre/posttest study was conducted to examine the feasibility and effect size of an 8-week physio-feedback and exercise program (PEER) on improving balance, muscle strength, and fall risk. Nineteen participants (mean age = 76 years) received the intervention, which included visual physio-feedback by the BTrackS™ Assess Balance System, cognitive reframing, and a combined group- and home-based exercise program by a trained peer coach. Pre- and post-measurement outcomes were evaluated for balance, handgrip strength, and fall risk. Feasibility was assessed by dropout rate, safety, and adherence to exercise. Significant improvements were noted in dynamic balance (Sit-to-Stand, Timed Up & Go tests), handgrip strength, and fall risk. Participants' attendance was 87.5%, with no fall incidence. The physio-feedback, cognitive reframing, and peer coaching facilitate older adults to align their perceived fall risk with physiological fall risk and motivate them to stay active. PEER intervention is feasible; safe; improves balance, muscle strength, and fall risk; and may enhance activity engagement.

Targets:
Community-dwelling older adults.

Intervention Description:
Provide visual physio-feedback and cognitive reframing based on the fall risk appraisal matrix and participate in combined group- and home-based exercises by a trained peer coach.

Mechanism of Action:
Align perceived and physiological fall risk, peer coaching to exercise.

Outcomes:
Balance, handgrip strength, fall risk, and activity engagement.

[
Research in Gerontological Nursing, 13
(6), 289–296.]
An approach to acute pulmonary embolism in the primary emergency care environment
Authors: Naidoo M. 
Published: April 2020

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common emergency presenting among high risk patients. It is important to have a structured approach to clinical assessment, diagnosis and management of this potentially life-threatening emergency. Clinical and management pathways have improved over the last 10 years as clear guidelines have emerged. Newer diagnostic modalities have become available and will hopefully improve the pick-up rate of PE and reduce the morbidity and mortality. High level evidence presented by the American Society of Haematology and the European Society of Cardiology forms the basis for this review.
Effect of counselling on the family function of intimate partner violence victims attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary hospital in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Akor B. O. , Moses L. A. , Baamlong N. D. , Shedul L. L. , Haruna A. S. , Abu J. M. , Chira O. U. , Ripiye N. R. , Abdulkareem R. A. 
Published: April 2020

Background and aim: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global problem. Family dysfunction is an integral characteristic of IPV homes. However, not much has been done regarding restoration of these families. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of counselling on the family function of pregnant IPV victims, with a view to recommending an appropriate interventional strategy.Methods: The study was a single-blinded randomised controlled trial of pregnant IPV victims. The Abuse Assessment Scale (AAS) was used to recruit 72 IPV victims who were randomised into the control and intervention arms of 36 each. Their sociodemographic data were collected. The family function of the victims was assessed using the SCORE-15 index of family function at the beginning the study. The intervention arm had three sessions of counselling lasting one to two hours fortnightly using the SOS DoC protocol. The family function was repeated post intervention. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20 and a p-value of 0.05 was considered significant.Results: The majority (82%) of the IPV victims had dysfunctional families. Baseline mean family function score across the groups showed no statistically significant difference. Post intervention, the mean family function score improved from 2.92 ± 0.92 to 2.16 ± 0.63 and this change was statistically significant (p 0.0001). In the control arm, the change from 2.48 ± 0.73 to 2.29 ± 0.82 was not statistically significant (p = 0.116). Conclusion: Short-term counselling significantly improved the family function of IPV victims.
Integrating services for impact and sustainability: a proof-of-concept project in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Haskins J. Lyn , Phakathi Sifiso A. , Grant Merridy , Horwood Christiane M. 
Published: April 2020

Background: Integration of services in primary health care settings can provide mother/baby pairs with all required services at one visit. This study aimed to evaluate a proof of concept, quality improvement (QI) intervention to strengthen well-child service provision and integration with maternal health services in five rural clinics in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional surveys were conducted among mothers bringing their child for well-child services, before and after implementation of the intervention. Exit interviews and reviews of the child’s Road to Health Booklet (RTHB) were conducted to determine services provided at the visit, and the time spent in the clinic was observed and recorded.Results: A total of 413 exit interviews and record reviews were conducted (123 at baseline and 290 at follow-up). At follow-up, significantly more mothers were tested for HIV during the well-child visit (9.2% vs. 22.6%; p = 0.045) and significantly more mothers received ART (3.7% vs. 35.5%; p = 0.010). However, coverage of growth-monitoring services remained low and there was no difference in infant feeding advice provided to mothers at baseline and follow-up (49.5% vs. 49.7%; p = 0.996). More mothers interacted with a registered nurse at follow-up than at baseline (35.8% vs. 80.7%; p = 0.032).Conclusions: Over the implementation period of the QI intervention, improvement was shown in coverage and quality of some maternal health and HIV services, but there was no improvement in growth monitoring. This suggests that QI has the potentialto improve integration of service delivery, but this was a small study and further research is recommended.
Assessing knowledge, attitude and practice of nurses after a continuing professional development program: A qualitative study
Authors: Johnson Jessie , Masaba Arlene , Munir Sadia , O’Dwyer Robin , Smith Amber , Elawad Khalid , Abdulla Samya Ahmad Al 
Published: April 2020

Background: Nurses play a crucial role in the prevention of communicable diseases through the public health immunization programs. Knowledge, attitude and practices of health care providers have significant impact on the vaccine administration and education of adults and parents of children.Objective: The present qualitative study aims to explore the knowledge, attitude and practices of nurses in Qatar before and after the delivery of the immunization-related continuous professional development program.Methods: 10 out of 125 nurses who have completed the training program volunteered to participate in the face-to-face interviews. Data was then collected, transcribed and analysed by the researcher team members.Results: Themes identified from this study: Empowerment, advancing practice and continuing education. Participants felt more confident and had a sense of fulfilment on completion of the education program. Practicing evidenced based skills and methods achieved an outcome of better quality of care, which can directly affect practice. Participants also felt that continuing education allows them to become self-motivated to keep up with new and emerging knowledge. Taken together, our data revealed that continuing professional education immunization-training program was successful in improving the knowledge, attitude and practices of the participants.Conclusions: Continued education beyond traditional baccalaureate nursing programs in order to ensure nurses possess the knowledge to safely handle, teach and administer vaccines is needed.
Three-dimensional Volumetric Filling Ratio Predicts Stress Shielding in Short-stem Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Celik Haluk , Chauhan Aakash , Flores-Hernandez Cesar , D'Lima Darryl , Hoenecke Heinz 
Published: April 2020

Introduction:
Three-dimensional (3-D) CT volumetric filling ratio (VFR) is a better predictor of proximal humerus stress shielding after short-stem anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) than using plain radiographs.

Methods:
Forty-four patients with short-stem aTSAs, preoperative CT scans, and a minimum 3-year radiographic follow-up were included. Patients were divided into group A (stress shielding) and group B (no stress shielding) based on the radiographic analysis. Standard implant filling ratios were measured on plain radiographs. The 3-D VFR of the metaphyseal and diaphyseal segments of the aTSA stem was measured using MIMICS (Materialise). The area under a receiver operator characteristic curve was used to determine the predictive strength of the 3-D VFR method.

Results:
The average age and radiographic follow-up was 69 years and 44 months. Group A had 19 patients and statistically higher filling ratios using 3-D VFR method than group B, whereas no notable differences were found between the groups using standard techniques. The 3-D VFR had an area under a receiver operator characteristic curve of 92%, which supports it as a good predictor of stress shielding.

Conclusions:
These methods enable early identification of patients at risk for stress shielding and can also be valuable in improving humeral stem designs.

Level of Evidence:
Level III. Case-control study
Departmental Experience and Lessons Learned With Accelerated Introduction of Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Loeb Alexander E. , Rao Sandesh S. , Ficke James R. , Morris Carol D. , Riley Lee H. , Levin Adam S. 
Published: April 2020

Despite the use of digital technology in healthcare, telemedicine has not been readily adopted. During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare systems have begun crisis management planning. To appropriately allocate resources and prevent virus exposure while maintaining effective patient care, our orthopaedic surgery department rapidly introduced a robust telemedicine program during a 5-day period. Implementation requires attention to patient triage, technological resources, credentialing, education of providers and patients, scheduling, and regulatory considerations. This article provides practical instruction based on our experience for physicians who wish to implement telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Between telemedicine encounters and necessary in-person visits, providers may be able to achieve 50% of their typical clinic volume within 2 weeks. When handling the massive disruption to the routine patient care workflow, it is critical to understand the key factors associated with an accelerated introduction of telemedicine for the safe and effective continuation of orthopaedic care during this pandemic.

Level of Evidence:
V
Beleidsonderzoek in de periode 1970-1995
Authors: van Hoesel Peter 
Published: April 2020

Beleidsonderzoek in de periode 1970-1995
Beleidsonderzoek is een vak dat in de afgelopen vijftig jaar geleidelijk is ontwikkeld tot een echte professie. In dit essay wordt de eerste helft van deze periode beschreven en op diverse punten vergeleken met de huidige situatie. De terugblik bestaat uit drie onderdelen: professionalisering; relatie met opdrachtgevers; ambachtelijke aspecten.
From Darwin to Derrida
Authors: Haig David 
Published: April 2020

How the meaningless process of natural selection produces purposeful beings who find meaning in the world.
In From Darwin to Derrida, evolutionary biologist David Haig explains how a physical world of matter in motion gave rise to a living world of purpose and meaning. Natural selection, a process without purpose, gives rise to purposeful beings who find meaning in the world. The key to this, Haig proposes, is the origin of mutable “texts”—genes—that preserve a record of what has worked in the world. These texts become the specifications for the intricate mechanisms of living beings.
Haig draws on a wide range of sources—from Laurence Sterne's Tristram Shandy to Immanuel Kant's Critique of the Power of Judgment to the work of Jacques Derrida to the latest findings on gene transmission, duplication, and expression—to make his argument. Genes and their effects, he explains, are like eggs and chickens. Eggs exist for the sake of becoming chickens and chickens for the sake of laying eggs. A gene's effects have a causal role in determining which genes are copied. A gene (considered as a lineage of material copies) persists if its lineage has been consistently associated with survival and reproduction. Organisms can be understood as interpreters that link information from the environment to meaningful action in the environment. Meaning, Haig argues, is the output of a process of interpretation; there is a continuum from the very simplest forms of interpretation, instantiated in single RNA molecules near the origins of life, to the most sophisticated. Life is interpretation—the use of information in choice.
Rare ground data confirm significant warming and drying in western equatorial Africa
Authors: Bush Emma R. , Jeffery Kathryn , Bunnefeld Nils , Tutin Caroline , Musgrave Ruth , Moussavou Ghislain , Mihindou Vianet , Malhi Yadvinder , Lehmann David , Edzang Ndong Josué , Makaga Loïc , Abernethy Katharine 
Published: April 2020

Background
The humid tropical forests of Central Africa influence weather worldwide and play a major role in the global carbon cycle. However, they are also an ecological anomaly, with evergreen forests dominating the western equatorial region despite less than 2,000 mm total annual rainfall. Meteorological data for Central Africa are notoriously sparse and incomplete and there are substantial issues with satellite-derived data because of persistent cloudiness and inability to ground-truth estimates. Long-term climate observations are urgently needed to verify regional climate and vegetation models, shed light on the mechanisms that drive climatic variability and assess the viability of evergreen forests under future climate scenarios.

Methods
We have the rare opportunity to analyse a 34 year dataset of rainfall and temperature (and shorter periods of absolute humidity, wind speed, solar radiation and aerosol optical depth) from Lopé National Park, a long-term ecological research site in Gabon, western equatorial Africa. We used (generalized) linear mixed models and spectral analyses to assess seasonal and inter-annual variation, long-term trends and oceanic influences on local weather patterns.

Results
Lopé’s weather is characterised by a cool, light-deficient, long dry season. Long-term climatic means have changed significantly over the last 34 years, with warming occurring at a rate of +0.25 °C per decade (minimum daily temperature) and drying at a rate of −75 mm per decade (total annual rainfall). Inter-annual climatic variability at Lopé is highly influenced by global weather patterns. Sea surface temperatures of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans have strong coherence with Lopé temperature and rainfall on multi-annual scales.

Conclusions
The Lopé long-term weather record has not previously been made public and is of high value in such a data poor region. Our results support regional analyses of climatic seasonality, long-term warming and the influences of the oceans on temperature and rainfall variability. However, warming has occurred more rapidly than the regional products suggest and while there remains much uncertainty in the wider region, rainfall has declined over the last three decades at Lopé. The association between rainfall and the Atlantic cold tongue at Lopé lends some support for the ‘dry’ models of climate change for the region. In the context of a rapidly warming and drying climate, urgent research is needed into the sensitivity of dry season clouds to ocean temperatures and the viability of humid evergreen forests in this dry region should the clouds disappear.
Heavy metal accumulation potential in pomegranate fruits and leaves grown in roadside orchards
Authors: Demirhan Aydın Şeyma , Pakyürek Mine 
Published: April 2020

This study was carried out to determine the possible heavy metal accumulation in fruits and leaves of Zivzik pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) grown in two different roadside orchards located in Pirinçli and Kapılı villages of Siirt province, Turkey. Leaf and fruit samples were collected from trees located at 0, 50, 100 m distances from the main roads. Plant samples were analyzed for cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) concentrations. The Co, Ni, Cd, Pb and Cr concentrations of fruit samples collected from Pirinçli village were ranged from 0.082 to 0.238 mg kg−1, from 1.160 to 1.559 mg kg−1, from 0.087 to 0.179 mg kg−1, 0.326 to 0.449 mg kg−1 and 0.606 to 1.054 mg kg−1, respectively. The Co, Ni, Cd, Pb and Cr concentrations of fruit samples from Kapılı village were between 0.085 and 0.137 mg kg−1, 1.042 and 1.123 mg kg−1, 0.037 and 0.076 mg kg−1, 0.277 and 0.520 mg kg−1 and 0.762 and 0.932 mg kg−1, respectively. Heavy metal concentrations of leaf samples from Pirinçli village varied from 0.191 to 0.227 mg Co kg−1, 2.201 to 3.547 mg Ni kg−1, 0.051 to 0.098 mg Cd kg−1, 0.535 to 0.749 mg Pb kg−1 and from 1.444 to 2.017 mg Cr kg−1. Similarly, the heavy metal concentration of leaf samples from Kapılı villages were between 0.213 and 0.217 mg Co kg−1, 2.160 and 2.511 mg Ni kg−1, 0.058 and 0.114 mg Cd kg−1, 0.579 and 0.676 mg Pb kg−1 and 1.688 and 1.518 mg Cr kg−1. The Co, Ni and Cr concentrations in fruit samples collected from 0, 50 and 100 meters to the main road in Pirinçli village were at statistically significant level, while only Ni concentration in leaf samples collected from 0, 50 and 100 meters to the main road was at significant level. In contrast, heavy metal concentrations in fruit and leaf samples collected from 0, 50 and 100 m to the main road in Kapılı village were not statistically significant level.