bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract A057: Biospecimen donation among breast cancer survivors: Opportunities for research among nondonors
Authors: Sutton Arnethea , Sheppard Vanessa , Edmonds Megan C. , Cummings Yvonne , Thomas Justin , Chavis Jessica 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Participation in genomic research may further advance effective therapies, yet samples are often not sociodemographically diverse. Information is lacking about strategies to improve biospecimen donation. This pilot study focused on identifying strategies to enhance biospecimen donation among nondonors.
Methods: Women diagnosed with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer who initiated hormonal therapy were recruited from three integrated health systems. Our sample was limited to women &gt;21 years of age and diagnosed within the past 12 months. The analytical sample (N=144) consisted of women who consented but did not return a saliva sample within one year of baseline; 67% were White, 27% were Black, and 2% represented other races. A brief informational intervention was developed via published literature and preliminary data. Respondents received intervention materials, which included a personalized information letter, a colorful low-literacy instruction sheet, a postage-paid envelope, and collection kits. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were employed to describe and compare factors associated with biospecimen donation.
Results: Overall, 29 surveys (20%) were returned, and 17% returned saliva kits. No significant differences were noted by demographic or clinical factors between those who provided biospecimen (vs. not). Women with higher levels of functional well-being and lower ratings of religiosity/spirituality were more likely to return specimens (p &lt;0.005) after receiving the enhanced materials. The most frequently cited factors related to returned specimens were found among participants with higher levels of knowledge and concern about provision of saliva and the usability of biospecimen samples in biomedical research.
Conclusion: A brief print intervention inclusive of personalized messages may enhance receipt of biospecimens among diverse survivors. The inclusion of messages with a focus on spirituality and functional wellness may increase biospecimen provision among nondonors; however, further work is needed to support this claim.
Citation Format: Arnethea Sutton, Vanessa Sheppard, Megan C. Edmonds, Yvonne Cummings, Justin Thomas, Jessica Chavis. Biospecimen donation among breast cancer survivors: Opportunities for research among nondonors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A057.
Abstract A067: [Advocate Abstract] Making strides against a rare disease: Renal medullary carcinoma
Authors: Lawing Michael B. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Making Strides Against a Rare Disease: Renal Medullary Carcinoma (RMC) seeks to provide an overview of an extremely rare cancer that was first described as a novel form of renal malignancy in a series published by Colonel Davis of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology in 1995. This study was based upon retrospective analysis of tumors coded as renal pelvic carcinoma from patients aged less than 40 years. Where race had been recorded, all patients were black and all had sickled erythrocytes on histologic examination. On this basis the tumor, which was termed medullary carcinoma on morphologic grounds, was designated the seventh sickle cell nephropathy.
Citation Format: Michael B. Lawing. [Advocate Abstract] Making strides against a rare disease: Renal medullary carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A067.
Abstract A070: Engaging under-represented researchers (UR) in cancer research: Engagement strategies utilized for recruitment and retention in the Geographic Management of Cancer Health Disparities Program (GMaP) Region 4
Authors: Fleisher Linda , Norbeck Carrie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose: The Geographic Management of Cancer Health Disparities Program (GMaP), initiated in 2009, is a national program funded by the National Cancer Institute's Center to Reduce Cancer Health Disparities (CRCHD). CRCHD is committed to funding training for those from backgrounds under-represented in cancer research via comprehensive research training programs, Continuing Umbrella of Research Experiences (CURE). GMaP Region 4, housed at Fox Chase Cancer Center, works to engage diverse investigators in our geographically expansive thirteen-state region utilizing a multipronged engagement approach to increase recruitment and retention of diverse investigators, expand the CURE Pipeline, and cultivate professional development. Based on nine years of experience as well as recent results from surveys provided to recipients of travel scholarships and/or CURE funding (i.e., NCI Diversity F, K or R series grant), we will share recommended strategies to incorporate best practices to recruit investigators into a sustainable network.
Methods: Two surveys were conducted. A survey with the goal to learn more about CURE program awareness at institutions was sent via our listserv with the request that any eligible (current or former CURE awardee) respond via an open link. A second survey with the goal of learning how our travel award scholarship program has benefited investigators was sent directly to our 37 previously funded travel award recipients. Questions were a mix of open ended and Likert scale.
Citation Format: Linda Fleisher, Carrie Norbeck. Engaging under-represented researchers (UR) in cancer research: Engagement strategies utilized for recruitment and retention in the Geographic Management of Cancer Health Disparities Program (GMaP) Region 4 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A070.
Abstract A071: Use of finasteride in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Prevention (PLCO) Trial cohort: Effects of sociodemographic factors and a black box warning
Authors: Johnson Jarrett A. , Pinsky Paul F. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In 1992, finasteride, a 5α-reductase inhibitor, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Finasteride also showed early signs of lowering prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, indicating that it may be useful for the prevention of prostate cancer. The Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) was conducted from 1994 to 2003 and showed that finasteride reduced overall prostate cancer incidence; however, it also appeared to increase the incidence of high-grade disease. Consequently, in 2011 the FDA issued a black box warning based in part on the PCPT results. Little is known, however, about the effect this warning had on finasteride use among men after 2011. The purpose of this study was to assess the use of finasteride, for BPH or other reasons, among a sample of Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, Ovarian Cancer Prevention Trial (PLCO) participants. Specifically, we wanted to assess the effects of sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., age, race/ethnicity) and BPH on finasteride use and the effect of the FDA's black box warning on finasteride use after 2011.
Method: This was a retrospective longitudinal study. Men's age, race/ethnicity, and BPH status were ascertained from questionnaires. Medication use was ascertained from linkage to Medicare Part D claims data from 2010 to 2014.
Results: The sample contained 14,044 PLCO men with at least one year of part D claims data. The majority self-identified as non-Hispanic white (12,429; 88.5%); 236 (1.7%) were black, 753 (5.4%) were Asian, and 239 (1.7%) were Hispanic. Median (25th/75th) age in 2010 was 73 years (69/28). From 2010 to 2014, 11% (n=1,590) of these men used finasteride at any time. Overall, 63% (n=1,005) of the men who used finasteride reported a diagnosis of BPH. Finasteride use increased steadily over time from 5.5% in 2010 to 8.5% in 2014.
Conclusion: Overall use of finasteride from 2010 to 2014 was low, and mainly in men with BPH. Finasteride use increased after the FDA's 2011 black box warning; the effect of the warning is unclear.
Citation Format: Jarrett A. Johnson, Paul F. Pinsky. Use of finasteride in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Prevention (PLCO) Trial cohort: Effects of sociodemographic factors and a black box warning [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A071.
Abstract A076: Adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy: Do racial disparities persist among the insured?
Authors: Tolsma Dennis , Tadesse Mahlet G. , Sutton Arnethea , Cromwell Lee , Adunlin Georges , Salgado Teresa M. , He Jun , Trout Martha , Robinson Brandi E. , Edmonds Megan C. , Bosworth Hayden B. , Sheppard Vanessa B. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) improves survival in women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC). Yet medication adherence is suboptimal. The aim of this study was to assess adherence to AET among insured women using innovative statistical approaches.
Methods: Black and White women diagnosed with HR+ BC were identified from two health maintenance organizations. Automated pharmacy records captured oral AET prescriptions and refill dates. Logistic regression identified predictors of adherence defined in terms of proportion of days covered (PDC) (&gt;=80%) and medication gap of ≤10 days. A zero-inflated negative binominal (ZINB) regression model identified variables associated with the total number of days of medication gaps.
Results: A total of 1,925 women met inclusion criteria. Eighty percent of women were adherent per the PDC measure; 44% had a medication gap of ≤10 days; and 24% of women had zero days without any medication gaps. Race and age were significant predictors of adherence in all multivariable models. Black women were less likely to have PDC &gt;=80% than Whites (OR=0.72; 95%CI: 0.57-0.90; p&lt;0.01), and they were less likely to have a medication gap of ≤10 days (OR=0.65; 95%CI: 0.54-0.79; p&lt;0.001). Women 25-49 years old were less likely to have PDC &gt;=80% than women 65-93 years old (OR=0.65; 95%CI: 0.48-0.87; p&lt;0.001), and they also were less likely to have a medication gap of ≤10 days (OR=0.73; 95%CI: 0.57-0.93; p&lt;0.01). In the zero-inflated negative binominal model, Black women were less likely to having no medication gaps compared to Whites (OR=0.46; 95%CI: 0.54-0.79; p&lt;0.001), and women 25-49 years old were less likely to have no medication gaps compared to women 65-93 years old (OR=0.61; 95%CI: 0.42-0.88; p&lt;0.01).
Conclusions: Disparities in adherence to AET persist among insured women, particularly in Black and young women, highlighting a need for interventions among this population. Novel statistical approaches to study adherence, such as the ZINB approach, appear to constitute a useful alternative to the dichotomous PDC variable to tailor analysis to adherence patterns.
Citation Format: Dennis Tolsma, Mahlet G. Tadesse, Arnethea Sutton, Lee Cromwell, Georges Adunlin, Teresa M. Salgado, Jun He, Martha Trout, Brandi E. Robinson, Megan C. Edmonds, Hayden B. Bosworth, Vanessa B. Sheppard. Adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy: Do racial disparities persist among the insured? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A076.
Abstract A078: Cause for concern: Understanding Black women's concerns with endocrine therapy
Authors: Sutton Arnethea L. , Sheppard Vanessa B. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Although endocrine therapy (ET) has been shown to improve breast cancer-related outcomes, Black women tend to initiate and adhere to ET at lower rates than White women. Black women also express more concerns about ET when compared to their White counterparts. Beliefs about medication, specifically in regard to concerns about ET, are related to women's decisions to adhere or not adhere to their medication. This study seeks to 1) understand Black women's concerns about ET and 2) identify factors related to black women's concerns about ET.
Methods: This study is part of the Women's Hormonal Initiation and Persistence Study (WHIP), which sought to observe women's patterns of endocrine therapy adherence over time and elucidate factors (e.g., clinical, sociocultural) that relate to medication adherence and discontinuation. Eligible women were at least 21 years of age, diagnosed with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer, and initiated endocrine therapy at least 12 months post-diagnosis. Participants completed one telephone or online survey; data also included medical records and pharmacy refill records. This secondary analysis will identify specific concerns about medication as measured by the concern subscale of the beliefs about medicines questionnaire (BMQ) and regression analyses will identify factors (e.g., age, religiosity) related to those concerns. The BMQ concerns scale scores range from 5-20.
Results: A total of 150 Black women were eligible and completed all study activities. A majority (71%) were over the age of 50 and were college educated (81%). All women were insured. Concerns about ET were moderate (m=11.8 SD 3.1). Most women worried about the long-term effects of ET (65.2%). Most women were not concerned that they would become too dependent on ET (83.9%). Bivariate analysis indicates significant relationships between concerns about medication and satisfaction with care (p=0.018), religiosity (p=0.003), provider communication (p=0.013), and education (p=0.035). In the multivariable regression model, Black women who were least satisfied with their care expressed more concerns about ET (p&lt;0.0002). No other factors were selected to the model.
Conclusion: Women's satisfaction with their care impact beliefs about their ET, which may contribute to nonadherence to this life-saving treatment. Further work is needed to fully understand women's ratings of satisfaction with care and how to intervene with women and providers to improve satisfaction and beliefs about ET.
Citation Format: Arnethea L. Sutton, Vanessa B. Sheppard. Cause for concern: Understanding Black women's concerns with endocrine therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A078.
Abstract A087: Community Research Navigators (CRN): The bridge to increasing Latino participation in clinical research
Authors: Serrano Mayra , Garcia Marisela , Kittles Rick , Ashing Kimlin Tam 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The participation of underserved ethnic minorities in biomedical research is critical to achieving progress in health equity. Increasing ethnic minority including Latino accrual in biomedical research, including clinical trials, is a formidable challenge that requires improving participant trust and commitment and overcoming of barriers to participation. Latinos make up about 18% of the US population. Yet Latinos are not adequately targeted in research studies, currently constituting only 7.6% of NIH clinical trial participants and only about 2%-5% of participants in cancer clinical trials. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has recommended patient navigation as a research strategy that may be adapted to overcome ethnic minority biomedical research and clinical trial participation barriers. City of Hope has participated in training community research navigators (CRN) to increase diversity participation. These CRNs are trained to address gaps in knowledge, medical mistrust, access to participation, and engagement of under-represented groups in biomedical research. The research navigator draws from the patient navigation and promotora model and the community-engaged research approach. CRNs' curriculum include the importance of biomedical to disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment; the value to group and family participation, Clinical Trials, HIPPA, human subject protection, ethics; patient-provider communication, cost and coverage, and family communication and decision making. In total, we trained and mentored a team of 30 CRNs from our community partner Pomona's Health Promoters for increased public education and Latino participation in research. CRNs were 25-74 years old, 97% female, 96% foreign-born, and 54% &lt; high school education. Their pre- and post-test results showed an increase in willingness to participate in research (p &lt; .005); increase in knowledge of the importance of biomedical including clinical research (p &lt; .000); and an increase in confidence in improving community's attitude and knowledge about clinical research (p &lt; .000). Our findings suggest that the CRN training is effective in improving appropriate knowledge and confidence to conduct community research navigation. This approach holds the promise of utility and applicability to address barriers to research enrollment and increase Latino biomedical research participation.
Citation Format: Mayra Serrano, Marisela Garcia, Rick Kittles, Kimlin Tam Ashing. Community Research Navigators (CRN): The bridge to increasing Latino participation in clinical research [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A087.
Abstract A088: Perceived barriers for participating in areca (betel) nut cessation
Authors: Sotto Patrick Francis P. , Mendez Ana Joy , Herzog Thaddeus A. , Cruz Casierra , Chennaux Jade S.N. , Legdesog Chandra , Paulino Yvette C. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Areca (betel) nut is a known carcinogenic substance consumed by 11% of the population in Guam. To address this rising public health concern, a cessation program was piloted for chewers. Results of the pilot were used to inform the delivery of the Betel Nut Intervention Trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02942745). Despite the intent of the program to help individuals overcome a potentially harmful behavior, recruiting betel nut chewers is difficult. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the perception of betel nut among chewers and nonchewers in Guam, and to identify the factors preventing a chewer from wanting to quit and from wanting to join the cessation program.
Design: Individual and group discussions were facilitated, utilizing questions designed to elicit responses relevant to perception of betel nut. Questions were adjusted to accommodate both chewer and nonchewer participants. Recurrent themes were extracted from the interviews and categorized into reasons associated with quitting and with joining a cessation program.
Results: Nine interviews were facilitated with 17 chewer and nonchewer residents in Guam, with mean age = 36.4 years (standard deviation = 12.4). Results yielded 5 general categories, aggregated by chewer and nonchewer responses. Subcategories were further extracted to determine barriers for quitting (e.g., addiction, sociocultural importance, betel nut is harmless), and barriers to joining a cessation program (e.g., time, transportation, hypocrisy).
Conclusions: Factors associated with reasons not to quit chewing and not to participate in a cessation program are variable. Current findings highlight a lack of available information regarding the harmful effects of betel nut consumption (i.e., carcinogenicity). The social and cultural construct within Guam's community may be a highly contributing factor to the overall acceptability of betel nut consumption practices, and for the lack of expressed need to quit. In addition, the findings also suggest that a cessation program designed for betel nut chewers should be mobilized to accommodate a chewer's time and transportation restraints. Future considerations include the implementation of betel nut health outcomes into a youth curriculum, and the development of a cessation program both convenient to chewers and specific to young betel nut chewers.
Citation Format: Patrick Francis P. Sotto, Ana Joy Mendez, Thaddeus A. Herzog, Casierra Cruz, Jade S.N. Chennaux, Chandra Legdesog, Yvette C. Paulino. Perceived barriers for participating in areca (betel) nut cessation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A088.
Abstract A093: Employment and work experiences after breast cancer treatment
Authors: Ekenga Christine C. , McElwain Cora , Perez Maria , Jeffe Donna B. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Employment is a social determinant of health. However, few longitudinal studies have examined employment outcomes in African-American women with breast cancer. We examined factors associated with return to work over 2-year follow-up in a sample of African-American breast cancer patients participating in a randomized controlled trial of a cancer-information intervention's impact (vs. standard of care) on quality-of-life and treatment adherence outcomes.
Methods: Interview and medical-record data from 227 newly diagnosed African-American breast cancer patients (stage 0-III), who enrolled a mean 6 days from surgical post-op visit or start of neoadjuvant therapy, were analyzed in association with return to work; four more interviews were conducted over two years. Potential predictors included sociodemographic variables (age, marital status, income, education, insurance status), treatment(s) received (surgery type, chemotherapy, radiation), comorbidity, and elevated depressed mood (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D] score &gt; 15). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors independently associated with return to work.
Results: At enrollment, 100 patients (44%) were employed part- or full-time; 71 of employed patients returned to work during 2-year follow-up. Study arm and other treatment and sociodemographic variables were not significantly associated with return to work and was not included in the final model. Patients with elevated depressed mood at baseline were less likely to return to work than nondepressed patients (adjusted odds ratio = 5.8, 95% CI = 1.7-9.3).
Conclusions: Patients with elevated depressed mood were less likely to return to work over 2-year follow-up. Screening for depressed mood at diagnosis and providing treatment might be an effective strategy to improve continued workforce participation in African-American breast cancer patients.
Citation Format: Christine C. Ekenga, Cora McElwain, Maria Perez, Donna B. Jeffe. Employment and work experiences after breast cancer treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr A093.