bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PIP3 depletion rescues myoblast fusion defects in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells
Authors: Lian Yen-Ling , Chen Kuan-Wei , Chou Yu-Ting , Ke Ting-Ling , Chen Bi-Chang , Lin Yu-Chun , Chen Linyi 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Myoblast fusion is required for myotube formation during myogenesis, and defects in myoblast differentiation and fusion have been implicated in a number of diseases, including human rhabdomyosarcoma. Although transcriptional regulation of the myogenic program has been studied extensively, the mechanisms controlling myoblast fusion remain largely unknown. This study identified and characterized the dynamics of a distinct class of blebs, termed bubbling blebs, which are smaller than those that participate in migration. The formation of these bubbling blebs occurred during differentiation and decreased alongside a decline in phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) at the plasma membrane before myoblast fusion. In a human rhabdomyosarcoma-derived (RD) cell line that exhibits strong blebbing dynamics and myoblast fusion defects, PIP3 was constitutively abundant on the membrane during myogenesis. Targeting phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) to the plasma membrane reduced PIP3 levels, inhibited bubbling blebs and rescued myoblast fusion defects in RD cells. These findings highlight the differential distribution and crucial role of PIP3 during myoblast fusion and reveal a novel mechanism underlying myogenesis defects in human rhabdomyosarcoma.
Experimental support towards a metabolic proxy in fish using otolith carbon isotopes
Authors: Martino Jasmin C. , Doubleday Zoë A. , Chung Ming-Tsung , Gillanders Bronwyn M. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Metabolic rate underpins our understanding of how species survive, reproduce and interact with their environment, but can be difficult to measure in wild fish. Stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) in ear stones (otoliths) of fish may reflect lifetime metabolic signatures but experimental validation is required to advance our understanding of the relationship. To this end, we reared juvenile Australasian snapper (Chrysophrys auratus), an iconic fishery species, at different temperatures and used intermittent-flow respirometry to calculate standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and absolute aerobic scope (AAS). Subsequently, we analysed δ13C and oxygen isotopes (δ18O) in otoliths using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. We found that under increasing temperatures, δ13C and δ18O significantly decreased, while SMR and MMR significantly increased. Negative logarithmic relationships were found between δ13C in otoliths and both SMR and MMR, while exponential decay curves were observed between proportions of metabolically sourced carbon in otoliths (Moto) and both measured and theoretical SMR. We show that basal energy for subsistence living and activity metabolism, both core components of field metabolic rates, contribute towards incorporation of δ13C into otoliths and support the use of δ13C as a metabolic proxy in field settings. The functional shapes of the logarithmic and exponential decay curves indicated that physiological thresholds regulate relationships between δ13C and metabolic rates due to upper thresholds of Moto. Here, we present quantitative experimental evidence to support the development of an otolith-based metabolic proxy, which could be a powerful tool in reconstructing lifetime biological trends in wild fish.
Where is the nation-state heading to?
Authors: Mladenovich Miroslav , Miloshevich M. 
Published: March 2020

Although the state still acts as the main unit of historical, political, cultural, and economic life, many powerful factors force it to gradually abandon some of its traditional features and give way to larger transnational institutions. This trend will certainly continue to develop in the future. However, it would be wrong to conclude that this process is a one-sided and unambiguous. In fact, sovereignty in many segments will decrease and disappear, but there are elements in which it will persist and even grow. It is therefore unjustifiable to rush to proclaim the national state's death. It will continue to be one of the leading actors, because, as some researchers point out, a sharp reduction in sovereignty and violation of the traditional functions of the state can easily lead to chaos.
This study aims to analyze and to describe the position and prospects of the nation state in the context of globalization. In a significantly changed socio-political situation, the question of the fate of the main political life subject within each society cannot be omitted.
Considering that the state is an extremely complex and changeable phenomenon, the methodological apparatus for its examination should be very broad.
In this study, which fits into the political philosophy field of the social sciences, the systemic method was used as the main one (inspection of various connections and relations within the state and its relationship with the external environment), as well as comparative method (socio-economic, political, social, historical, and other situations in various regions of the world). To a certain extent, political and legal analyses were carried out when considering the position of a citizen-individual in a changing world. This is of utmost significance, as the acceptance (voluntarily or compulsorily) of someone else's experience and institutions requires a change in both political and general culture.
Laser-induced damage thresholds and mechanism of silica glass induced by ultra-short soft x-ray laser pulse irradiation
Authors: Mikami Katsuhiro , Ishino Masahiko , Dinh Thanh-Hung , Motokoshi Shinji , Hasegawa Noboru , Kon Akira , Inubushi Yuichi , Owada Shigeki , Kinoshita Hiroo , Nishikino Masaharu 
Published: March 2020

Laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDTs) of silica glasses obtained by the femtosecond soft x-ray free-electron laser (SXFEL, 13.5 nm, 70 fs) and the picosecond soft x-ray laser (SXRL, 13.9 nm, 7 ps) are evaluated. The volume of the hydroxyl group in the silica glasses influenced its LIDTs. The LIDTs obtained in this research by the femtosecond SXFEL and the picosecond SXRL were nearly identical, but were different from that by the nanosecond soft x-ray pulse. The photoionization processes of silica glass in context of the laser-induced damage mechanism (LIDM) are also discussed. In the ultra-short soft x-ray pulse irradiation regime, the LIDM can be speculated to include the spallation process with a scission of bondings.
Fiber-optic photoacoustic gas sensor with temperature self-compensation
Authors: Chen Ke , Yang Beilei , Guo Min , Deng Hong , Zhang Bo , Liu Shuai , Li Chenyang , An Ran , Peng Wei , Yu Qingxu 
Published: March 2020

A high-precision fiber-optic photoacoustic (PA) gas sensor with temperature self-compensation is reported. The target gas diffuses into a micro-chamber and absorbs the laser energy to generate a PA signal, which is detected by a Fabry–Perot interferometric cantilever. The temperature affects not only the acoustic sensitivity of the cantilever, but also the PA conversion efficiency. The test result of the PA frequency response demonstrates that there is a temperature-insensitive operating frequency of 1208.4 Hz in the range of 0–80°C. The temperature self-compensated measurement was realized by setting the laser modulation frequency to 604.2 Hz and using the second-harmonic detection technique.
Optomechanical cooling and self-stabilization of a waveguide coupled to a whispering-gallery-mode resonator
Authors: Pennetta Riccardo , Xie Shangran , Zeltner Richard , Hammer Jonas , Russell Philip St. J. 
Published: March 2020

Laser cooling of mechanical degrees of freedom is one of the most significant achievements in the field of optomechanics. Here, we report, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, efficient passive optomechanical cooling of the motion of a freestanding waveguide coupled to a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) resonator. The waveguide is an 8 mm long glass-fiber nanospike, which has a fundamental flexural resonance at

Ω
/
2
π
=
2.5

kHz

and a

Q

-factor of

1.2
×

10
5

. Upon launching

∼
250

μW

laser power at an optical frequency close to the WGM resonant frequency, we observed cooling of the nanospike resonance from room temperature down to 1.8 K. Simultaneous cooling of the first higher-order mechanical mode is also observed. The strong suppression of the overall Brownian motion of the nanospike, observed as an 11.6 dB reduction in its mean square displacement, indicates strong optomechanical stabilization of linear coupling between the nanospike and the cavity mode. The cooling is caused predominantly by a combination of photothermal effects and optical forces between nanospike and WGM resonator. The results are of direct relevance in the many applications of WGM resonators, including atom physics, optomechanics, and sensing.
The portrayal of victims of intimate femicide in the South African media
Authors: Spies Amanda 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article reflects on the murders of Reeva Steenkamp (2013), Jayde Panayiotou (2015), Susan Rhode (2016) and Karabo Mokoena (2017) and questions how victims of intimate femicide are portrayed in the South African media. Media reporting on intimate femicide clearly illustrates how the murder of women by their intimate partners, are framed as isolated incidents rather than a systemic problem situated within a social context of male dominance. It is therefore increasingly important to understand how the media portrays victimhood and violence. This article explores how the murder of women by their partners are rarely classified as femicide, and how the media’s portrayal of these murders fails to convey the systemic nature of violence against women that also entrenches racial and class-based oppression by seemingly valuing some lives more than others. The focus is on the power of the media to obscure the nature of intimate partner violence, which entrenches a notion of ideal victimhood. In conclusion, the South African government’s response to this form of violence is explored, and the need for responsible reporting is called for in reporting on cases of intimate femicide.
VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA AS MULHERES – HERANÇA CRUEL DO PATRIARCADO
Authors: Colling Ana Maria 
Published: March 2020

Este texto tem como proposta uma análise histórica da violência contra a mulher, como conseqüência do patriarcado, corporificado nos aparatos jurídicos que lhe deram legitimidade, longevidade e naturalização no corpo social. Além das Constituições brasileiras de 1824 e 1891 onde a mulher era desconsiderada como sujeito, o Código Civil de 1916 que instaurou o crime em defesa da honra, são aqui analisados. A violência contra a mulher é um problema de toda a sociedade. Se de um lado, o Brasil é um dos países mais avançados em relação às leis que tentam coibir e punir a violência, por outro lado, paradoxalmente, é o quinto país que mais mata mulheres no mundo.
COEDUCACIÓN EN EL ÁMBITO FAMILIAR: UN ESTUDIO DESCRIPTIVO DE LAS ACTITUDES HACIA LA IGUALDAD DE GÉNERO EN FAMILIAS ESPAÑOLAS
Authors: Valverde Montesino Susana , Miguel Parra Jesús , Calatayud Estrada María Luisa , Kozak Cino Griselda Sofía 
Published: March 2020

RESUMENEl presente artículo analiza el posicionamiento de las familias hacia la igualdad de género en función de tres tipos de actitudes (bloqueadoras, adaptativas y coeducativas). Para ello, se examinaron las respuestas obtenidas por 83 padres y 92 madres en el cuestionario de actitudes hacia la coeducación de GONZÁLEZ-PIÑAL, RODRÍGUEZ y GARCÍA (2013); teniendo en cuenta variables como la edad y el sexo de los progenitores, núcleo familiar, nivel de estudios y nacionalidad. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la mayoría de las familias mostraron actitudes coeducativas, aunque las madres manifestaron actitudes más igualitarias que los padres. Un número importante de padres no respondieron de forma coeducativa a las cuestiones. Es necesario, por tanto, que los padres participen en programas educativos encaminados a despatriarcalizar la educación y a fomentar un trato igualitario en el ámbito familiar, que permita a los niños y niñas construir identidades libres de estereotipos de género.PALABRAS-CLAVE: Actitudes coeducativas. Familias. Despatriarcalización. Estereotipos de género.
PADRÕES DE BELEZA, FEMINILIDADE E CONJUGALIDADE EM PRINCESAS DA DISNEY: UMA ANÁLISE DE CONTINGÊNCIAS
Authors: Maia Ana  Claudia Bortolozzi , Venturin Ana Beatriz , Longhitano Bianca , Ribeiro Leite Márcia Gabriela , Macedo Gravalos Nathalia 
Published: March 2020

Os contos de fadas, ao longo dos tempos, influenciam sobre os padrões sociais na infância. Esta pesquisa qualitativa documental, analisou a figura da mulher em princesas de três filmes infantis da Disney: “Branca de Neve e os Sete Anões” (1937), “Mulan” (1998) e “Moana” (2017). A partir de uma análise de contingências de três termos, foram identificados três conjuntos de padrões: (1) beleza/estética, (2) feminilidade e (3) conjugalidade nas personagens femininas principais dos filmes. Os resultados mostram a mudança dos modelos, com a temporalidade: na década de 40, uma mulher submissa, cuja felicidade depende de um casamento com um príncipe; nos anos 90, uma mulher que questiona e luta para ser diferente e, atualmente, uma princesa sem um parceiro romântico. Conclui-se que as mudanças observadas nos filmes quanto aos padrões estéticos, femininos e conjugais indicam uma tendência importante no caminho da equidade de gênero.
Symposium on Recent Developments in the Evaluation of Natural Rubber
Authors: Collier Simon 
Published: March 2020

Description
The papers in this book were presented at a symposium held at the 50th anniversary meeting of ASTM International Committee D11 on Rubber.
There may be a number of people who will read the papers of this collection whose experience has been chiefly with synthetic rubber and who therefore are not familiar with the methods used for evaluating or grading crude natural rubber. The introduction paper presents a brief historical sketch of the earlier attempts to introduce a new system for evaluating crude natural rubber on the basis of scientific tests performed in the laboratory. Other papers were prepared on specific topics.
Differential Effects of Nasal Inflammation and Odor Deprivation on Layer-Specific Degeneration of the Mouse Olfactory Bulb
Authors: Hasegawa-Ishii Sanae , Imamura Fumiaki , Nagayama Shin , Murata Makiko , Shimada Atsuyoshi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHarmful environmental agents cause nasal inflammation, and chronic nasal inflammation induces a loss of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and reversible atrophy of the olfactory bulb (OB). Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying this inflammation-induced OB atrophy by histologically and biochemically comparing the OB changes in mouse models of nasal inflammation and odor deprivation. In addition, we examined whether odor stimulation is necessary for OB recovery from atrophy. One group of adult male C57BL/6 mice was administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) unilaterally for 10 weeks to induce nasal inflammation (control animals received saline), and a second group received unilateral naris closures (NCs) for 10 weeks of odor deprivation. The OBs atrophied in both models, but odor deprivation shrank the glomerular, external plexiform, mitral, and granule cell layers (GCLs), whereas the olfactory nerve, glomerular, and external plexiform layers (EPLs) atrophied as a result of nasal inflammation. Additionally, nasal inflammation, but not odor deprivation, caused neuroinflammation in the OB, inducing glial activation and elevated expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and TNFα. After 10 weeks of nasal inflammation, mice were housed for another 10 weeks with no additional treatment or with unilateral NC. Nasal inflammation and glial activation subsided in both groups, but glomerular and EPLs recovered only in those with no additional treatment. Our findings demonstrate that nasal inflammation and odor deprivation differentially induce layer-specific degeneration in the OB, that loss of OSN activity rather than neuroinflammation is a major cause of inflammation-induced OB atrophy, and that odor stimulation is required for OB recovery from atrophy.
Cellular Basis of Bitter-Driven Aversive Behaviors inDrosophilaLarva
Authors: Choi Jaekyun , Yu Seungyun , Choi Min Sung , Jang Sooin , Han I Joon , Maier G. Larisa , Sprecher Simon G. , Kwon Jae Young 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFeeding, a critical behavior for survival, consists of a complex series of behavioral steps. InDrosophilalarvae, the initial steps of feeding are food choice, during which the quality of a potential food source is judged, and ingestion, during which the selected food source is ingested into the digestive tract. It remains unclear whether these steps employ different mechanisms of neural perception. Here, we provide insight into the two initial steps of feeding inDrosophilalarva. We find that substrate choice and ingestion are determined by independent circuits at the cellular level. First, we took 22 candidate bitter compounds and examined their influence on choice preference and ingestion behavior. Interestingly, certain bitter tastants caused different responses in choice and ingestion, suggesting distinct mechanisms of perception. We further provide evidence that certain gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) in the external terminal organ (TO) are involved in determining choice preference, and a pair of larval pharyngeal GRNs is involved in mediating both avoidance and suppression of ingestion. Our results show that feeding behavior is coordinated by a multistep regulatory process employing relatively independent neural elements. These findings are consistent with a model in which distinct sensory pathways act as modulatory circuits controlling distinct subprograms during feeding.
Effect of ball burnishing medium on the surface characteristics of free machining brass
Authors: Kumara Pavana , Vijendra Bhat V. , Purohit G. K. 
Published: March 2020

Burnishing is becoming a promising surface finishing process to enhance materials surface properties. The control of the various process parameters yields the desired surface characteristics in brass materials. In the current work, free machining brass specimens were burnished by Abrasive Assisted Burnishing(AAB) process and Plain Burnishing (PB) process using ball burnishing tool. Response Surface Methodology was used to design the experiments in which Burnishing Force, Speed, Feed and Number of Passes were chosen as the process parameters. The minimum surface roughness achieved by PB and AAB was 0.1451 µm and 0.1041 µm respectively. The maximum surface hardness achieved using PB and AAB on the brass specimen was 207 HV and 248 HV respectively. The ball burnishing of free machining brass by AAB resulted in better surface characteristics as compared to the PB process.
Dissecting Adaptive Traits with Nested Association Mapping: Genetic Architecture of Inflorescence Morphology in Sorghum
Authors: Olatoye Marcus O , Marla Sandeep R , Hu Zhenbin , Bouchet Sophie , Perumal Ramasamy , Morris Geoffrey P 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the cereal crop sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) inflorescence morphology variation underlies yield variation and confers adaptation across precipitation gradients, but its genetic basis is poorly understood. We characterized the genetic architecture of sorghum inflorescence morphology using a global nested association mapping (NAM) population (2200 recombinant inbred lines) and 198,000 phenotypic observations from multi-environment trials for four inflorescence morphology traits (upper branch length, lower branch length, rachis length, and rachis diameter). Trait correlations suggest that lower and upper branch length are under somewhat independent control, while lower branch length and rachis diameter are highly pleiotropic. Joint linkage and genome-wide association mapping revealed an oligogenic architecture with 1–22 QTL per trait, each explaining 0.1–5.0% of variation across the entire NAM population. There is a significant enrichment (2.twofold) of QTL colocalizing with grass inflorescence gene homologs, notably with orthologs of maize Ramosa2 and rice Aberrant Panicle Organization1 and TAWAWA1. Still, many QTL do not colocalize with inflorescence gene homologs. In global georeferenced germplasm, allelic variation at the major inflorescence QTL is geographically patterned but only weakly associated with the gradient of annual precipitation. Comparison of NAM with diversity panel association suggests that naive association models may capture some true associations not identified by mixed linear models. Overall, the findings suggest that global inflorescence diversity in sorghum is largely controlled by oligogenic, epistatic, and pleiotropic variation in ancestral regulatory networks. The findings also provide a basis for genomics-enabled breeding of locally-adapted inflorescence morphology.
Comparative Cytology of Female Meiosis I AmongDrosophilaSpecies
Authors: Majekodunmi Ahmed , Bowen Amelia O , Gilliland William D 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe physical connections established by recombination are normally sufficient to ensure proper chromosome segregation during female Meiosis I. However, nonexchange chromosomes (such as the Muller F element or “dot” chromosome in D. melanogaster) can still segregate accurately because they remain connected by heterochromatic tethers. A recent study examined female meiosis in the closely related species D. melanogaster and D. simulans, and found a nearly twofold difference in the mean distance the obligately nonexchange dot chromosomes were separated during Prometaphase. That study proposed two speculative hypotheses for this difference, the first being the amount of heterochromatin in each species, and the second being the species’ differing tolerance for common inversions in natural populations. We tested these hypotheses by examining female meiosis in 12 additional Drosophila species. While neither hypothesis had significant support, we did see 10-fold variation in dot chromosome sizes, and fivefold variation in the frequency of chromosomes out on the spindle, which were both significantly correlated with chromosome separation distances. In addition to demonstrating that heterochromatin abundance changes chromosome behavior, this implies that the duration of Prometaphase chromosome movements must be proportional to the size of the F element in these species. Additionally, we examined D. willistoni, a species that lacks a free dot chromosome. We observed that chromosomes still moved out on the meiotic spindle, and the F element was always positioned closest to the spindle poles. This result is consistent with models where one role of the dot chromosomes is to help organize the meiotic spindle.