bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic analysis of the growth rate of sporadic and hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma: comparing the postoperative calcitonin-doubling rate with the hypothetical preoperative tumor volume-doubling rate
Authors: Kihara Minoru , Miyauchi Akira , Masuoka Hiroo , Higashiyama Takuya , Ito Yasuhiro , Miya Akihiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Our previous kinetic analyses of changes in the tumor volume (TV) of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas during active surveillance revealed that the tumors’ growth varied over time from rather rapid growth to shrinkage and that the hypothetical TV-doubling rates (DRs) before the patients’ presentation were much larger than their observed TV-DRs, indicating that rapid growth phases preceded their presentation. Whether this phenomenon also occurs in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) was unknown.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 46 MTC patients (18 hereditary, 28 sporadic; 9–80 years old at surgery, median 53.5 years; 19 males and 27 females) with elevated postoperative calcitonin (Ct) measured with the electrochemiluminescence immunoassay suggesting persistent disease. We calculated each patient’s Ct-DR and his/her hypothetical TV-DR, using the tumor size and age at surgery.

Results
Ct-DRs (/year) after surgery were > 0.5, 0.1–0.5, − 0.1–0.1, and < − 0.1 in 9, 21, 12, and 4 patients, respectively (median 0.17). The hypothetical TV-DRs (/year) before surgery were > 1, 0.5–1.0, 0.1–0.5 and < 0.1 in 11, 21, 14, and 0 patients, respectively (median 0.60). The hypothetical TV-DR was higher than the observed Ct-DR in 41 of the 46 MTC patients and all 18 patients with hereditary MTC, suggesting that a rapid growth phase preceded surgery in these patients.

Conclusions
In this series of MTC patients, the pre-surgery calculated hypothetical TV-DRs were significantly higher than the Ct-DRs observed post-surgery, suggesting that there were rapid growth periods before surgery in the vast majority of these MTC patients.
Change in exhaled nitric oxide during peanut challenge is related to severity of reaction
Authors: Percival Elizabeth , Bhatia Rani , Preece Kahn , McEvoy Mark , Collison Adam , Mattes Joerg 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeanut allergy affects 3% of Australian children and has a higher risk of anaphylaxis than most food allergies. Predicting who is likely to develop anaphylaxis is still an inexact science. The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) shows promise as a biomarker involved in peanut allergy, as nitric oxide plays a role in inhibiting mast cell degranulation which is relevant in anaphylaxis, where mast cell degranulation plays a mediator role. The aim of this study was to assess the change in FeNO in children during peanut challenge.MethodsThirty-six children aged from 5 to 17 years were recruited for open-labelled peanut challenge. Participants had skin prick test to peanut performed, and serum collected for Ara h2 specific IgE and peanut specific IgE. FeNO was measured by portable device (NIOX VERO) prior to and throughout the peanut challenge.ResultsWhen grouped according to reaction type at peanut challenge (anaphylaxis, clinical allergy not anaphylaxis and tolerant), there were significant differences in the mean change in FeNO measurement between the anaphylaxis group and the clinical allergy, not anaphylaxis group (p = 0.005), and between the anaphylaxis group and tolerant group (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsFeNO decreased more significantly in those who subsequently developed anaphylaxis than in those with clinical allergy, not anaphylaxis or negative peanut challenge (tolerance). As a bedside test that can be used in children, it has potential for further research into mechanisms of anaphylaxis in food allergy and potentially assists in predicting an imminent anaphylactic reaction in some patients.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: PEAnut Anaphylaxis Predictors (PEAAP) NCT02424136.
Does decreased visual attention to faces underlie difficulties interpreting eye gaze cues in autism?
Authors: Griffin Jason W. , Scherf K. Suzanne 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Shifts in eye gaze communicate social information that allows people to respond to another’s behavior, interpret motivations driving behavior, and anticipate subsequent behavior. Understanding the social communicative nature of gaze shifts requires the ability to link eye movements and mental state information about objects in the world. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by atypical sensitivity to eye gaze cues, which impacts social communication and relationships. We evaluated whether reduced visual attention to faces explains this difficulty in ASD.

Methods
We employed eye-tracking technology to measure visual attention to faces and gazed-at objects in a 4-alternative forced choice paradigm in adolescents with ASD and typically developing (TD) adolescents. Participants determined the target object that an actor was looking at in ecologically rich scenes. We controlled for group differences in task engagement and data quality.

Results
In the Gaze Following task, adolescents with ASD were relatively impaired (Cohen’s d = 0.63) in the ability to identify the target object. In contrast to predictions, both groups exhibited comparable fixation durations to faces and target objects. Among both groups, individuals who looked longer at the target objects, but not faces, performed better in the task. Finally, among the ASD group, parent SSIS-Social Skills ratings were positively associated with performance on the Gaze Following task. In the Gaze Perception task, there was a similar pattern of results, which provides internal replication of the findings that visual attention to faces is not related to difficulty interpreting eye gaze cues. Together, these findings indicate that adolescents with ASD are capable of following gaze, but have difficulty linking gaze shifts with mental state information.

Limitations
Additional work is necessary to determine whether these findings generalize to individuals across the full autism spectrum. New paradigms that manipulate component processes of eye gaze processing need to be tested to confirm these interpretations.

Conclusions
Reduced visual attention to faces does not appear to contribute to atypical processing of eye gaze cues among adolescents with ASD. Instead, the difficulty for individuals with ASD is related to understanding the social communicative aspects of eye gaze information, which may not be extracted from visual cues alone.
Prevalence of Diabetes and Hypertension and Their Associated Risks for Poor Outcomes in Covid-19 Patients
Authors: Barrera Francisco J , Shekhar Skand , Wurth Rachel , Moreno-Pena Pablo J , Ponce Oscar J , Hajdenberg Michelle , Alvarez-Villalobos Neri A , Hall Janet E , Schiffrin Ernesto L , Eisenhofer Graeme , Porter Forbes , Brito Juan P , Bornstein Stefan R , Stratakis Constantine A , González-González José Gerardo , Rodríguez-Gutiérrez René , Hannah-Shmouni Fady 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has affected millions of people and may disproportionately affect those with hypertension and diabetes. Because of inadequate methods in published systematic reviews, the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension and associated risks of poor outcomes in Covid-19 patients are unknown. We searched databases from December 1, 2019, to April 6, 2020, and selected observational peer-reviewed studies in English of patients with Covid-19. Independent reviewers extracted data on study participants, interventions, and outcomes and assessed risk of bias, and the certainty of evidence. We included 65 (15 794 participants) observational studies at moderate to high risk of bias. Overall prevalence of diabetes and hypertension was 12% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10-15; n = 12 870; I2: 89%), and 17% (95% CI, 13-22; n = 12 709; I2: 95%), respectively. In severe Covid-19, the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension were 18% (95% CI, 16-20; n = 1099; I2: 0%) and 32% (95% CI, 16-54; n = 1078; I2: 63%), respectively. Unadjusted relative risk for intensive care unit admission and mortality were 1.96 (95% CI, 1.19-3.22; n = 8890; I2: 80%; P = .008) and 2.78 (95% CI, 1.39-5.58; n = 2058; I2: 75%; P = .0004) for diabetics; and 2.95 (95% CI, 2.18-3.99; n = 1737; I2: 0%; P &lt; .001) and 2.39 (95% CI, 1.54-3.73; n = 3107; I2: 66%; P &lt; .001) for hypertensives. Neither diabetes (1.50; 95% CI, 0.90-2.50; n = 1991; I2: 74%; P = .119) nor hypertension (1.48; 95% CI, 0.99-2.23; n = 2023; I2: 69%; P = .058) was associated with severe Covid-19. In conclusion, the risk of intensive care unit admission and mortality for patients with diabetes or hypertension who developed Covid-19 is increased compared with those without these comorbidities.

PROSPERO registration number
CRD42020176582.
Mechanical and energetic determinants of impaired gait following stroke: segmental work and pendular energy transduction during treadmill walking
Authors: Balbinot Gustavo , Schuch Clarissa Pedrini , Bianchi Oliveira Henrique , Peyré-Tartaruga Leonardo A. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Systems biology postulates the balance between energy production and conservation in optimizing locomotion. Here, we analyzed how mechanical energy production and conservation influenced metabolic energy expenditure in stroke survivors during treadmill walking at different speeds. We used the body center of mass (BCoM) and segmental center of mass to calculate mechanical energy production: external and each segment's mechanical work (Wseg). We also estimated energy conservation by applying the pendular transduction framework (i.e. energy transduction within the step; Rint). Energy conservation was likely optimized by the paretic lower-limb acting as a rigid shaft while the non-paretic limb pushed the BCoM forward at the slower walking speed. Wseg production was characterized by greater movements between the limbs and body, a compensatory strategy used mainly by the non-paretic limbs. Overall, Wseg production following a stroke was characterized by non-paretic upper-limb compensation, but also by an exaggerated lift of the paretic leg. This study also highlights how post-stroke subjects may perform a more economic gait while walking on a treadmill at preferred walking speeds. Complex neural adaptations optimize energy production and conservation at the systems level, and may fundament new insights onto post-stroke neurorehabilitation.
This article has and associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Investigating and evaluating evidence of the behavioural determinants of adherence to social distancing measures – A protocol for a scoping review of COVID-19 research
Authors: Noone Chris , Warner Nikolett , Byrne Molly , Durand Hannah , Lavoie Kim L. , McGuire Brian E. , McSharry Jenny , Meade Oonagh , Morrissey Eimear , Molloy Gerry , O'Connor Laura , Toomey Elaine 
Published: July 2020

Background: The WHO has declared the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic. With no vaccine currently available, using behavioural measures to reduce the spread of the virus within the population is an important tool in mitigating the effects of this pandemic. As such, social distancing measures are being implemented globally and have proven an effective tool in slowing the large-scale spread of the virus. Aim: This scoping review will focus on answering key questions about the state of the evidence on the behavioural determinants of adherence to social distancing measures in research on COVID-19. Methods: A scoping review will be conducted in accordance with guidelines for best practice. Literature searches will be conducted using online databases and grey literature sources. Databases will include Medline, Web of Science, Embase and PsycInfo, alongside relevant pre-print servers. Grey literature will be searched on Google Scholar. Screening, data extraction and quality appraisal will be conducted independently by two members of the research team, with any discrepancies resolved by consensus discussion and an additional team member if needed. Quality appraisal will be conducted using the Cochrane’s ROBINS-I tool, the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist where appropriate. Results will be analysed by mapping findings onto the Theoretical Domains Framework and visualising characteristics of the included studies using EviAtlas. This scoping review is pre-registered with Open Science Framework. Conclusions The results of this study may facilitate the systematic development of behavioural interventions to increase adherence to social distancing measures.
Effects of Exercise on Body Posture, Functional Movement, and Physical Fitness in Children With Overweight/Obesity
Authors: Molina-Garcia Pablo , Mora-Gonzalez Jose , Migueles Jairo H. , Rodriguez-Ayllon Maria , Esteban-Cornejo Irene , Cadenas-Sanchez Cristina , Plaza-Florido Abel , Gil-Cosano Jose J. , Pelaez-Perez Manuel A. , Garcia-Delgado Gabriel , Vanrenterghem Jos , Ortega Francisco B. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Molina-Garcia, P, Mora-Gonzalez, J, Migueles, JH, Rodriguez-Ayllon, M, Esteban-Cornejo, I, Cadenas-Sanchez, C, Plaza-Florido, A, Gil-Cosano, JJ, Pelaez-Perez, MA, Garcia-Delgado, G, Vanrenterghem, J, and Ortega, FB. Effects of exercise on body posture, functional movement, and physical fitness in children with overweight/obesity. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2146–2155, 2020—This study aims to analyze whether a 13-week exercise program based on “movement quality” and “multi-games” can lead to simultaneous benefits to body posture, fundamental movements, and physical fitness of children with overweight/obesity. A total of 64 children (10.9 ± 1.3 years, 25.9 ± 3.8 kg·m−2, 38 girls and 26 boys) with overweight/obesity were assigned either to a 13-week exercise-based intervention group (IG) (n = 33) or to a control group (CG) (n = 31). Subjects underwent assessments of basic anthropometry (body mass and height), body posture (2-dimensional photogrammetry), fundamental movements (Functional Movement Screen), and physical fitness (1 repetition maximum [1RM] arm and leg press, and ALPHA test battery). After the exercise program, the IG reduced lower limb angle (high effect size: −0.82 SDs; p = 0.001) and plumb-tragus distance (low effect: −0.43 SDs; p = 0.002) in the sagittal plane and increased lower limb angle in the frontal plane (high effect: 0.82 SDs; p = 0.003) compared with the CG. The IG improved their performance in deep squat (p = 0.004), active straight leg raise (p < 0.001), 1RM arm (low effect: 0.46 SDs; p = 0.002), handgrip strength (medium effect: 0.53 SDs; p < 0.001), and standing long jump (medium effect: 0.59 SDs; p = 0.003), all compared with the CG. In conclusion, children with overweight/obesity who participated in our 13-week exercise program developed a better alignment of the head and lower limb, improved their performance in fundamental movements, and experienced global muscular strength gains compared with the peers who continued with their usual lives. Among other potential implications, these improvements could contribute to the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders associated with childhood obesity and could increase adherence by positioning these children in a better physical status to keep practicing exercise.
De cómo migré desde Venezuela hacia Costa Rica: certezas e incertidumbres. El testimonio como una herramienta necesaria para problematizar la institucionalidad costarricense en términos de procesos migratorios
Authors: Palma Chacón Jimena , Segura Rodríguez Roxana , Rodríguez-Muñoz Dylanna , Fernández Vásquez Daniel 
Published: July 2020

El sostenido aumento de movilizaciones desde Venezuela hacia Costa Rica se presenta como un fenómeno altamente complejo cuya revisión ha agotado rápidamente las categorías tradicionales de análisis. Es por esto que, desde una perspectiva de Derechos Humanos, el presente artículo se articula desde el relato y la experiencia de la persona migrante como una herramienta necesaria para evidenciar las falencias y las limitaciones del entramado institucional que acoge, en Costa Rica, quienes se movilizan desde Venezuela.
El acceso al debido proceso, a la información, e inclusive, al derecho a migrar (o a no verse obligado a hacerlo) se pone en tela de juicio desde la experiencia narrada por Andreina, quien migró a Costa Rica en búsqueda de mejorar su calidad de vida. Esta experiencia resulta vital para deconstruir el discurso que, desde las instituciones que regulan el acceso de migrantes y desde el Estado como garante de Derechos Humanos, se ha perpetuado. Tanto una revisión breve del contexto geopolítico venezolano, como el análisis del relato, logran corporalizar violencias estructurales y culturales que son reproducidas por la institucionalidad y por las políticas públicas diseñadas para contener la creciente movilización humana en toda Latinoamérica.
Exilio, discurso y abordaje de fuentes orales: Chilenos en Costa Rica
Authors: Obando Brenes Ronald 
Published: July 2020

La investigación del exilio chileno en Costa Rica ha deparado una abundante compilación de fuentes orales: relatos, experiencias y testimonios que se corresponden con el hecho histórico que marcó el devenir de Chile desde el golpe de Estado en 1973. Mucha de la población exiliar permaneció en Costa Rica desde entonces. De las conversaciones y entrevistas se intercalan potenciales aspectos de análisis discursivo y semiótico que se entretejen a la memoria entre recuerdos, olvidos y silencios; nudos que la muestra intenta presentar.
The “auf die Hand” practice: Releasing captives on parole between the Teutonic Order and Lithuania in the end of XIVth and the first half of XVth centuries
Authors: Petrilionis Antanas 
Published: July 2020

This article presents an analysis of an occurring phrase and practice “auf die Hand” (to one’s hand) and its meaning in the end of the fourteenth and the fifteenth centuries. The main sources for such a study were correspondence between the Teutonic Order’s officers and Lithuania’s rulers, issued documents, and other contemporary written evidence. The “auf die Hand” custom was not just a practice to release captives on parole solely on their own oath, but also on the guarantee of a ruler, officer or another trustworthy person. The captive released on parole or the guarantee promises to return whenever the captor summons him. Also, the guarantor vows that the captive will safely return on a given time. This research shows that the captives with questionable honour may not have been interceded merely for the risk of escaping, because the guarantor, who had also sworn in his honour, would have to compensate for the escaped captive. No doubt such practice was adopted through contact with the Teutonic Order and knights from Western Europe, since we can observe specific features of chivalry: surrender, honour, oaths. Also, it is evident that the meaning behind “auf die Hand” had a semantic connotation – raising a hand to give an oath and giving the captive “to guarantor’s hands.”
Pengaruh Penerapan Teknologi Informasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di Koperasi Pondok Pesantren Mambaul Khoiriyatil Islamiyah (MHI) Jember
Authors: Atho'illah Akh. Yunan 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh penerapan teknologi informasi terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan kemampuan pengguna sebagai variabel moderasi pada Koperasi Pondok Pesantren Mambaul Khoiriyatil Islamiyah (MHI) Jember.
Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan penyebaran kuisoner kepada populasiyang secara menyeluruh dijadikan sampel yakni seluruh karyawan yang bekerja di kantor pusat. Analisis data dengan menggunakan uji regresi linier sederhana untuk hipotesis pertama dan hipotesis kedua dengan metode MRA (Moderated Regression Analysis).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan teknologi informasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, sedangkan untuk variabel moderasi dari hasil uji hipotesis kedua menunjukkan hasil bahwa variabel kemampuan pengguna berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap hubungan antara penerapan teknologi informasi dengan kinerja karyawan, tetapi variabel kemampuan pengguna memperlemah interaksi antara variabel penerapan teknologi informasi terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jadi dapat dikatakan kemampuan pengguna sebagai variabel moderasi potensial (Homologiser).
Peran Desa Wisata Kampung Susu Dinasty dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Pemerintah Desa Dan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Desa Sidem Kecamatan Gondang Kabupaten Tulungagung
Authors: Hikmania Nihla 
Published: July 2020

Peran Desa Wisata Kampung Susu Dinasty Dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Pemerintah Desa dan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Desa Sidem Kecamatan Gondang Kabupaten Tulungagung ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang menjawab pertanyaan tentang bagaimana peran desa wisata kampung susu dinasty dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan pendapatan Desa Sidem Kecamatan Gondang Kabupaten Tulungagung. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian pada studi kasus objek. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan cara wawancara kepada informan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pengelola desa wisata, perangkat desa, pekerja/karyawan desa wisata, konsumen/wisatawan desa wisata dan masyarakat desa. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa Desa Wisata Kampung Susu Dinasty mampu meningkatkan pendapatan Desa Sidem. Dalam proses dimulai dengan pengembangan desa ini akan menjadikan masyarakat Desa Sidem sebagai seumber daya manusia berupa tenaga kerja, dengan demikian akan membantu kesejahteraan masyarakat Desa Sidem. Berkembangnya desa wisata di Desa Sidem akan membantu Pemerintah Desa dalam meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Desa (PAD). Namun ada satu hal yang menjadi hambatan dalam pengembangan desa wisata tersebut diantaranya keterampilan yang dimiliki masyarakat untuk menjadi pekerja/karyawan di kampung susu dinasty. Untuk kontribusi peningkatan pendapatan desa Pemerintah Desa Sidem sendiri sudah fokus terhadap peningkatan pembangunan fisik dan non fisik hingga saat ini.
Influencia del sexismo, el rol sexual y el sexo sobre percepción del acoso callejero
Authors: Angelucci B Luisa T , Romero Arturo , Marcano Thaimí , Aquino Sofía , Carrera Ana Paula , De Jesús Rossmary , Tapia Vanessa 
Published: July 2020

El acoso callejero es una forma frecuente de violencia que ha sido poco estudiada, encontrándose escasa claridad en los factores psicosociales que pudieran ser determinantes de la percepción de este tipo de acoso. El objetivo de la investigación consistió en analizar la influencia del sexismo, el rol sexual y el sexo del observador, sobre la percepción del acoso callejero, mediante un análisis de ruta. Se usó una muestra no probabilística de 262 estudiantes (193 mujeres y 69 hombres) de universidades venezolanas, con edades comprendidas entre los 16 y los 27 años. La percepción de acoso se dividió en dos dimensiones: atribución de responsabilidad a la víctima por el acoso y la percepción de gravedad del acto. Se encontró que la atribución de responsabilidad a la víctima por el acoso y la percepción de gravedad del acoso callejero son influenciadas directamente por el sexismo hostil y el benevolente, así como por el rol sexual masculino. Un mayor sexismo conlleva a mayor atribución de culpa al acosado y menor percepción de gravedad de este tipo de acoso. El rol masculino se asocia, por el contrario, con menor atribución de culpa y mayor percepción de gravedad. Resaltan los efectos indirectos del sexo y el rol sexual masculino sobre las dimensiones de percepción del acoso callejero. Los resultados muestran que el mayor peso predictivo y explicativo de la atribución de causa a la víctima y percepción de gravedad del acoso callejero se deben a las actitudes sexistas de los individuos que realizan dicha atribución.