bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy use in the global food system
Authors: Usubiaga‐Liaño Arkaitz , Behrens Paul , Daioglou Vassilis 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe global food system is a major energy user and a relevant contributor to climate change. To date, the literature on the energy profile of food systems addresses individual countries and/or food products, and therefore a comparable assessment across regions is still missing. This paper uses a global multi‐regional environmentally extended input–output database in combination with newly constructed net energy‐use accounts to provide a production and consumption‐based stock‐take of energy use in the food system across different world regions for the period 2000–2015. Overall, the ratio between energy use in the food system and the economy is slowly decreasing. Likewise, the absolute values point toward a relative decoupling between energy use and food production, as well as to relevant differences in energy types, users, and consumption patterns across world regions. The use of (inefficient) traditional biomass for cooking substantially reduces the expected gap between per capita figures in high‐ and low‐income countries. The variety of energy profiles and the higher exposure to energy security issues compared to the total economy in some regions suggests that interventions in the system should consider the geographical context. Reducing energy use and decarbonizing the supply chains of food products will require a combination of technological measures and behavioral changes in consumption patterns. Interventions should consider the effects beyond the direct effects on energy use, because changing production and consumption patterns in the food system can lead to positive spillovers in the social and environmental dimensions outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals.
Banks' Funding Stress, Lending Supply, and Consumption Expenditure
Authors: DAMAR H. EVREN , GROPP REINT , MORDEL ADI 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe employ a unique identification strategy linking survey data on household consumption expenditure to bank‐level data to estimate the effects of bank funding stress on consumer credit and consumption expenditures. We show that households whose banks were more exposed to funding shocks report lower levels of nonmortgage liabilities. This, however, only translates into lower levels of consumption for low‐income households. Hence, adverse credit supply shocks are associated with significant heterogeneous effects.
Associations Between Domain Differentiated Sibling Conflict and Adolescent Problem Behavior
Authors: Odudu Christopher , Williams Maya , Campione‐Barr Nicole 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examines sibling conflict across two domains and their associations with externalizing behaviors (discussed as problem behavior in this article) 1 year later.BackgroundThe close‐natured relationship of siblings often leads to sibling conflict. Previous research has found that sibling conflict can be categorized into the following two content domains: invasion of personal (IP) and equality and fairness (EF). These domains of conflict are differential predictors of adolescent adjustment problems, particularly internalizing problems; however, less is known about the link between specific domains of conflict and problem behavior.MethodUsing Actor Partner Interdependence Modeling, purposive sampling was conducted to recruit a sample of 145 sibling dyads (N = 290) adolescents in 8th, 10th, or 12th grades with a sibling no more than 4 years younger. Adolescents were administered questionnaires assessing the frequency and intensity of sibling conflict and individual problem behavior.ResultsThe results suggest that more intense IP and EF sibling conflicts were more strongly associated with later adjustment problems than frequent IP and EF sibling conflicts. Furthermore, mixed‐sex sibling dyads and younger siblings were at greater risk for later problem behavior when engaged in intense IP and EF sibling conflicts.ConclusionThe findings of the present study underscore the importance of considering the content of sibling conflict and the contextual factors of siblings as they have differential impacts on adolescent problem behavior.
Nutrition Policies, Practices, and Environments in Low‐Income Georgia Elementary Schools, United States, 2015‐2017
Authors: Guglielmo Dana , Chantaprasopsuk Sicha , Kay Christi M. , Hyde Eric T. , Stewart Chris , Gazmararian Julie A. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDA nutritious diet can prevent obesity and chronic disease and improve academic performance, yet many children have energy‐dense, nutrient‐poor diets. The objective of this study was to assess nutrition policies, practices, and environments in Georgia Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP‐Ed) elementary schools and compare them across school‐level demographic characteristics.METHODSWe distributed a cross‐sectional online survey to administrators, grade level chairs, and nutrition managers from 113 Georgia SNAP‐Ed elementary schools during 2015–2017. Logistic regression, one‐way ANOVA, and Tukey's tests were performed to assess differences by free and reduced‐price lunch eligibility and percentage black. Fisher's exact and Rao‐Scott chi‐square tests were performed to assess differences by school size and geography.RESULTSThe majority of schools established wellness policies and committees, provided nutrition education, and offered fresh fruits and/or vegetables daily. Fewer schools had policies limiting sugar‐sweetened foods within classrooms or had established a school garden. There were minimal significant differences in survey responses across school‐level demographics.CONCLUSIONSGeorgia SNAP‐Ed elementary schools are providing healthy nutrition settings for their students in a number of areas, and can further improve by establishing more comprehensive wellness policies, a committee to enforce them, and engaging children in hands‐on nutrition education activities.
Acute and outpatient service utilisation prior to, during, and following enrolment in community‐based mental health treatment among children and youth in Central Ontario: A proof of concept for cross‐sectoral data linkage
Authors: Gatov Evgenia , Muir Lindsay , Mowat Vicki , Elkader Alex , Yang Julie , Kopp Alexander , Cairney John 
Published: January 2020

AimGiven the fragmentation of mental health and addictions (MHA) services for children and youth, comprehensive data on utilisation patterns are lacking. We sought to describe MHA‐related service use across the community, acute and outpatient sectors.MethodsWe used linked health‐administrative data sets to identify a cohort of individuals aged <18 who received MHA treatment in a large community organisation in Ontario, Canada between 1 April 2007 and 31 March 2012. We described their socio‐demographic characteristics, examined their MHA‐related concurrent service use in acute care and outpatient physician settings (primary care providers, paediatricians and psychiatrists), and compared service utilisation prior to, during and following enrolment using Poisson regressions.ResultsAmong 7285 children and youth receiving community MHA treatment, there were 481 concurrent MHA‐related emergency department visits, 173 hospitalisations and 12140 outpatient physician visits. The average age at enrolment was 10.5 years, and 64% of clients were enrolled for ≥3 months. MHA‐related emergency department use significantly declined from 1 year prior, compared to 1 year following receipt of community MHA treatment (112 vs. 82 visits per 1000 person‐years, P < 0.001), particularly in females, ages 10–14, those living in higher‐income neighbourhoods and urban areas, and those with anxiety disorders. MHA hospitalisations also declined (45 vs. 32, P < 0.001), while outpatient physician visits increased (1750 vs. 1874, P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur study suggests that community‐based MHA treatment may be effective in diverting children and youth away from acute care and highlights the importance of data linkage as a means to better understand the complexity of cross‐sectoral MHA service use.
How are depression and suicidal ideation associated with multiple health risk behaviours among adolescents? A secondary data analysis using the 2016 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web‐based Survey
Authors: Kim Eun‐Mi , Kim Heejung , Park Eunhee 
Published: January 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Adolescents who partake in one health risk behaviour (HRB) easily adopt other HRBs, simultaneously or subsequently.

Multiple HRBs might threaten adolescents’ future health in adulthood.

Adolescents with psychological problems have higher rates of smoking, alcohol use, early sexual initiation and activity, and illicit substance use compared with others.

What does this paper add to existing knowledge?

A considerable number of Korean adolescents with mental health problems were engaged in multiple HRBs. For those with mental health problems, more than half of the Korean adolescents with multiple HRBs tended to use alcohol and cigarettes concurrently.

Korean adolescents who felt depressed and had suicidal ideation were more likely to engage in a greater number of HRBs.

Substance abuse is the most prevalent problem that is combined with other HRBs among those with depression and suicidal ideation compared to those who exhibited other HRBs.

What are the implications for practice?

When mental health nurses working in schools and community centres for mental health identify Korean adolescents with significant depression and suicide ideation levels, they should also assess adolescents’ engagement in multiple HRBs.

Population‐based campaigns and policy changes that emphasize both psychological health and risky behaviour reduction among adolescents should be provided simultaneously to students and school nurses.

AbstractIntroductionThere is limited understanding about whether poor mental health is associated with certain combinations of multiple health risk behaviours (HRBs) such as smoking, drinking, early sexual activity and substance abuse.AimTo determine the prevalence of multiple HRBs and to identify associations between poor mental health and multiple HRBs as the number of HRBs increases.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted using the 2016 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web‐based Survey (N = 65,528). Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted using the complex sample data.ResultsOverall, 28.6% and 13.9% of Korean adolescents were involved in one or multiple HRBs, respectively. Adolescents who were depressed (OR = 1.43–4.47, 95% CI = 1.37–1.49 to 3.23–6.20) and/or who had suicidal ideation (OR = 1.33–3.19, 95% CI = 1.25–1.42 to 2.25–4.51) were more likely to engage in multiple HRBs.DiscussionA considerable numbers of Korean adolescents are engaged in multiple HRBs. When adolescents self‐reported depression and suicidal ideation, they were more likely to engage in a greater number of HRBs than single HRB.Implications for practiceTailored interventions to decrease multiple HRBs should be designed and provided by considering adolescents’ mental health status and needs.
A same day ‘test and treat’ model for chronic HCV and HBV infection: Results from two community‐based pilot studies in Egypt
Authors: Shiha Gamal , Soliman Reham , Serwah Abdalhamed , Mikhail Nabiel N. H. , Asselah Tarik , Easterbrook Philippa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrompt access to confirmatory viral load testing and staging of liver disease are key barriers in uptake of treatment for chronic hepatitis B and C infection. Our objective was to establish the feasibility of a same day ‘test and treat’ model in two distinct community‐based settings in Egypt through use of key point‐of‐care (POC) portable tools for HCV and HBV viral load assessment and staging of liver disease followed by treatment initiation. Community sites were a village in northern Egypt (site 1) and a government office in Cairo (site 2). The following model was adopted: community awareness raising in the week before project initiation; site assessment to ensure optimal placement and calibration of equipment and clinical care set‐up; transfer of key portable laboratory instruments to the sites (four cartridge GeneXpert, FibroScan and abdominal ultrasound); screening using rapid diagnostic tests for HCV‐Ab and HBsAg, with immediate venous or finger‐stick blood sampling for HCV‐RNA and HBV‐DNA assay, FibroScan staging of liver disease and ultrasound screening for liver cancer. At site 1, 475 individuals were screened over a single day, 125 were positive for HCV‐Ab and 4 for HBsAg, 43 of 56 new HCV diagnoses were HCV RNA positive, and 3 of 4 HBsAg positive were HBV DNA positive, 40 initiated HCV treatment, and one HBV treatment . At site 2, 3188 individuals were screened over 3 days, 157 were positive for HCV‐Ab, and 27 for HBsAg; 38 of 76 new HCV diagnoses were HCV RNA positive, and 15 of 18 HBsAg positive were HBV‐DNA positive. Across both sites, 78 patients were counselled and initiated on treatment for HCV and 12 for HBV within 3 and 4 hours, respectively, of initial positive rapid diagnostic test result. We have shown the feasibility of a same day ‘test and treat’ model for chronic HCV and HBV infection in two community‐based settings in Egypt that achieved high levels of linkage to care and initial treatment.
Acute kidney injury due toLeptospira interrogansin 4 foals and use of renal replacement therapy with intermittent hemodiafiltration in 1 foal
Authors: Fouché Nathalie , Graubner Claudia , Lanz Simone , Schweighauser Ariane , Francey Thierry , Gerber Vinzenz 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFour 2‐month‐old foals were presented to an equine hospital with acute kidney injury caused byLeptospira interrogansinfection. Clinical signs were nonspecific and included lethargy, fever, and unwillingness to nurse. The most important hematologic and clinicopathologic findings were azotemia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia, and hypochloremia. The diagnosis was based on urinary real‐time PCR, serology using a microscopic agglutination test, or both. The most important serovars involved wereL. interrogansserogroup australis serovar BratislavaandAustralis. Treatment consisted of IV fluid therapy and antimicrobial treatment. Renal replacement therapy with hemodiafiltration was performed in 1 of the foals. All foals survived to discharge. This report highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment in foals with acute kidney injury caused byL. interrogansinfection.
Between trust and control: Teachers' assessment conceptualisations within programmatic assessment
Authors: Schut Suzanne , Heeneman Sylvia , Bierer Beth , Driessen Erik , van Tartwijk Jan , van der Vleuten Cees 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesProgrammatic assessment attempts to facilitate learning through individual assessments designed to be of low‐stakes and used only for high‐stake decisions when aggregated. In practice, low‐stake assessments have yet to reach their potential as catalysts for learning. We explored how teachers conceptualise assessments within programmatic assessment and how they engage with learners in assessment relationships.MethodsWe used a constructivist grounded theory approach to explore teachers' assessment conceptualisations and assessment relationships in the context of programmatic assessment. We conducted 23 semi‐structured interviews at two different graduate‐entry medical training programmes following a purposeful sampling approach. Data collection and analysis were conducted iteratively until we reached theoretical sufficiency. We identified themes using a process of constant comparison.ResultsResults showed that teachers conceptualise low‐stake assessments in three different ways: to stimulate and facilitate learning; to prepare learners for the next step, and to use as feedback to gauge the teacher's own effectiveness. Teachers intended to engage in and preserve safe, yet professional and productive working relationships with learners to enable assessment for learning when securing high‐quality performance and achievement of standards. When teachers' assessment conceptualisations were more focused on accounting conceptions, this risked creating tension in the teacher‐learner assessment relationship. Teachers struggled between taking control and allowing learners' independence.ConclusionsTeachers believe programmatic assessment can have a positive impact on both teaching and student learning. However, teachers' conceptualisations of low‐stake assessments are not focused solely on learning and also involve stakes for teachers. Sampling across different assessments and the introduction of progress committees were identified as important design features to support teachers and preserve the benefits of prolonged engagement in assessment relationships. These insights contribute to the design of effective implementations of programmatic assessment within the medical education context.
Deciphering the role of the capsule of Klebsiella pneumoniae during pathogenesis: A cautionary tale
Authors: Rendueles Olaya 
Published: January 2020

AbstractExtracellular capsule polysaccharides increase the cellular fitness under abiotic stresses and during competition with other bacteria. They are best‐known for their role in virulence, particularly in human hosts. Specifically, capsules facilitate tissue invasion by enhancing bacterial evasion from phagocytosis and protect cells from biocidal molecules. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a worrisome nosocomial pathogen with few known virulence factors, but the most important one is its capsule. In this issue, Tan et al. assess the fitness advantage of the capsule by competing a wild‐type strain against four different mutants where capsule production is interrupted at different stages of the biosynthetic pathway. Strikingly, not all mutants provide a fitness advantage. They suggest that some mutants have secondary defects altering virulence‐associated phenotypes and blurring the role of the capsule in pathogenesis. This study indicates that the K1 capsule in K. pneumoniae is not required for gut colonization but that it is critical for bloodstream dissemination to other organs. These results contribute to clarify the contradictory literature on the role of the Klebsiella capsule during infection. Finally, the varying fitness effects of different capsule mutations observed for K. pneumoniae K1 might apply also to other capsulated diderm bacteria that are facultative or emerging pathogens.
The quality of systematic reviews/meta‐analyses published in the field of bariatrics: A cross‐sectional systematic survey using AMSTAR 2 and ROBIS
Authors: Storman Monika , Storman Dawid , Jasinska Katarzyna W. , Swierz Mateusz J. , Bala Malgorzata M. 
Published: January 2020

SummaryHigh‐quality systematic reviews (SR) and meta‐analyses (MA) are considered to be reliable sources of information. This study aims to assess the quality of studies published as SR or MA in the field of bariatrics in 2016 and 2017. We identified SR and MA in the field of bariatrics by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews). Eligible studies were those identified as SR/MA in the title/abstract, which aimed to assess any outcome in patients with morbid obesity undergoing or scheduled to undergo bariatric surgery. Two authors independently reviewed all titles and abstracts, assessed full texts of potentially eligible studies, and assessed the quality of included studies. Any discrepancies were resolved by the third reviewer. We evaluated the quality and risk of bias of each SR/MA using AMSTAR 2 checklist and ROBIS tool, respectively. Seventy‐eight of 4236 references met inclusion criteria and were assessed for their quality/risk of bias. The methodological quality of 99% of all papers was classified as “critically low.” A total of 6% of the studies were at low risk of bias, and 78% were assessed as being at high risk of bias. The methodological quality of studies published in 2016 and 2017 as SR/MA is highly unsatisfactory.
Catechins reduce inflammation in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated dental pulp cells by inhibiting activation of the NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Wang Fang , Han Ying , Xi Shuang , Lu Yi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimTo ascertain the anti‐inflammation mechanism of catechins in lipopolysaccharide‐treated human dental pulp cells (HDPCs).MethodsExpression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and IL‐6 was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. The anti‐inflammatory mechanism was explored by examining activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signaling using qPCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining.ResultsHuman dental pulp cells proliferation was not affected by treatment with epigallocatechin (ECG) or epigallocatechin 3‐gallate (EGCG). mRNA expression of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 was decreased significantly in ECG‐ and EGCG‐treated HDPCs. Subsequently, the effects of ECG and EGCG upon activation of NF‐κB signaling were evaluated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Expression of p‐p65 protein in HDPCs treated with ECG, EGCG, or an NF‐κB inhibitor (Bay 11‐7082) was lower than that in HDPCs treated with lipopolysaccharide, data that were consistent with the location of p65 protein according to immunofluorescence staining.ConclusionsCatechin could reduce lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated inflammation in HDPCs by inhibiting activation of the NF‐κB pathway.
Improving public services by mining citizen feedback: An application of natural language processing
Authors: Kowalski Radoslaw , Esteve Marc , Jankin Mikhaylov Slava 
Published: January 2020

AbstractResearch on user satisfaction has increased substantially in recent years. To date, most studies have tested the significance of predefined factors thought to influence user satisfaction, with no scalable means of verifying the validity of their assumptions. Digital technology has created new methods of collecting user feedback where service users post comments. As topic models can analyse large volumes of feedback, they have been proposed as a feasible approach to aggregating user opinions. This novel approach has been applied to process reviews of primary care practices in England. Findings from an analysis of more than 200,000 reviews show that the quality of interactions with staff and bureaucratic exigencies are the key drivers of user satisfaction. In addition, patient satisfaction is strongly influenced by factors that are not measured by state‐of‐the‐art patient surveys. These results highlight the potential benefits of text mining and machine learning for public administration.