bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of local food attributes and perceived benefits on post‐tasting responses through tourists' local food consumption
Authors: Seongseop (Sam) Kim , Munhyang (Moon) Oh , Young Choe J. , Youngjoon Choi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study aims to identify experience of international food tourists in Hong Kong. More specifically, it was to analyze the functions of local food attributes and benefits from local food consumption on satisfaction, behavioral intention, and destination familiarity. The adopted methods used to achieve the objectives were impact‐range performance analysis (IRPA) and impact asymmetry analysis (IAA). After undertaking a survey using a sample of international tourists in Hong Kong, a total of 1,184 questionnaires were employed for data analyzes. Results of exploratory factor analyzes generated three domains of local food attributes and two domains of benefits sought from tasting local foods. Unlike multiple regression analyzes, IRPA and IAA produced various results for marketing implications. For example, epistemic benefit was classified as a “satisfier,” whereas food novelty attribute, emotional benefit, and food quality attribute were labeled as “dissatisfiers.” In addition, restaurant quality attribute was considered a “frustrator.” Thus, the three dependent variables have different roles in explaining local food attributes and consumption benefits.
Cochlear Implantation Under Local Anesthesia With Conscious Sedation in the Elderly: First 100 Cases
Authors: Connors Joseph R. , Deep Nicholas L. , Huncke T. Kate , Roland J. Thomas 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo report the outcomes on a large series of elderly patients who underwent cochlear implantation (CI) surgery under local anesthesia with conscious sedation (LA‐CS).MethodsRetrospective chart review on 100 consecutive elderly patients (> 65 years) who underwent CI with LA‐CS at a tertiary care center between August 2013 and January 2020. An age‐matched control group of 50 patients who underwent CI with general anesthesia (GA) are used for comparison. Outcomes measured included time in the operating room, time in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), and rate of adverse events.ResultsCochlear implant surgery under LA‐CS was successfully performed in 99 (99%) patients. One patient requiring conversion to GA intraoperatively. No patients in the LA‐CS group experienced cardiopulmonary adverse events; however, three patients (6%) in the GA group experienced minor events including atrial fibrillation and/or demand ischemia. Overnight observation in the hospital due to postoperative medical concerns or prolonged wake‐up from anesthesia was required in one patient (1%) from the LA‐CS cohort and 12 patients (24%) from the GA cohort. Perioperative adverse events exclusive to the LA‐CS group included severe intraoperative vertigo (8%), temporary facial nerve paresis (3%), and wound infection (1%). The average amount of time spent in the operating room was 37 minutes less for procedures performed under LA‐CS compared to GA (P < .05). The average amount of time in recovery was similar for both groups (P > .05).ConclusionCochlear implant surgery under LA‐CS offers many benefits and is a safe, feasible, and cost‐effective alternative to GA when performed by experienced CI surgeons.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E946–E951, 2021
Certificates of confidentiality and unexpected complications for pragmatic clinical trials
Authors: Sugarman Jeremy , Carrithers Judith 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe need to protect the confidentiality of research data has long been recognized. One means to help protect research data from use in civil or criminal matters in the United States is a Certificate of Confidentiality (CoC). Until recently, investigators applied for a CoC when conducting research that was sensitive, stigmatizing or where the disclosure of private information could possibly result in civil or criminal liability. However, effective October 1, 2017, CoCs are automatically issued for much research supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). While automatic issuance reduces administrative burden, it also poses some surprising unanticipated challenges for research in general and pragmatic clinical trials (PCTs) in particular, which are key elements of learning health systems.MethodsWe reviewed the new policy on CoCs to identify and analyze issues related to it that are potentially problematic for PCTs.ResultsWe identified three relevant issues: (1) whether the EHR may be populated with research data that may be sensitive or stigmatizing without explicit consent from subjects; (2) incomplete protections for sensitive data in the EHR; and (3) requirements for notifying subjects about the CoC provisions.ConclusionFormal guidance from the NIH is needed to address the application of CoCs to the setting of PCTs. In the meantime, it is essential for researchers designing and conducting PCTs, as well as health care systems in which this research is conducted, to be aware of the nuances inherent in CoCs so they can best adhere to their legal obligations regarding them. In the absence of guidance, special attention should be paid to pragmatic research that populates the electronic health record with research data as well as research conducted without explicit consent. Given the large amount of pragmatic research precipitated by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, which has been accompanied by major efforts to share data, the need for such guidance is especially urgent.
Effects of Rose Bengal‐ and Methylene Blue‐Mediated Potassium Iodide‐Potentiated Photodynamic Therapy on Enterococcus faecalis: A Comparative Study
Authors: Li Ruijie , Yuan Lintian , Jia Weiqian , Qin Man , Wang Yuguang 
Published: July 2020

Background and ObjectivesThis study was performed to compare the use of methylene blue (MB) and rose bengal (RB) in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) targeting Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) bacteria in planktonic and biofilm forms with potassium iodide (KI) potentiation.Study Design/Materials and MethodsE. faecalis bacteria in planktonic form were exposed to antimicrobial PDT protocols activating MB and RB, with or without KI potentiation, following laser irradiation with different exposure times, 60 mW/cm2 laser power, and different photosensitizer agent (PS)/potentiator concentrations to observe relationships among the variables. Two continuous‐wave diode lasers were used for irradiation (red light: λ = 660 nm and green light: λ = 565 nm). The pre‐irradiation time was 10 minutes. The vitality of E. faecalis biofilm was assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and the morphology was determined by scanning electron microscopy. The effects on the proliferation of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) were analyzed by cell counting kit‐8 assay. The staining effect of antimicrobial PDT on dentin slices was investigated. Statistical analysis using a one‐way analysis of variance was done.ResultsKI‐potentiated RB and MB antimicrobial PDT both effectively eradicated E. faecalis bacteria in planktonic and biofilm forms. The minimum bactericidal concentrations of PSs (±100 mM KI) were obtained through PDT on planktonic E. faecalis, and the optimal light parameters were 60 mW/cm2, 6 J/cm2 for 100 seconds. KI‐potentiated PDT effectively strengthened the ability to inhibit E. faecalis biofilm with 86.50 ± 5.78% for MB (P = 0.0015 < 0.01) and 91.50 ± 1.75% for RB (P = 0.0418 < 0.05) of bactericidal rate, with less toxicity for SCAPs (P < 0.001) and less staining. KI could reduce the staining induced by antimicrobial PDT on dentin slices.ConclusionA combination of KI and antimicrobial PDT may be a useful alternative to conventional disinfection methods in endodontic treatment. MB and RB antimicrobial PDT at much lower concentrations with KI could hopefully achieve disinfection effects comparable with those of 1.5% NaClO while causing few adverse effects on SCAPs. KI helps to avoid staining problems associated with high concentrations of photosensitizer agents. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, LLC
Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polyisoprene by Isoprene/Dimethyl‐di‐2,4‐Pentadieneyl‐(E,E)‐Silane Copolymerization Catalyzed with Half‐Sandwich Scandium Complex
Authors: Yu Jialin , Niu Hui , Yang Ke , Yu Hui , Wang Jing , Li Tingting , Li Yang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA series of hyperbranched polyisoprenes (HBPIps) are synthesized by copolymerization of isoprene and a novel dipentadiene‐containing branching agent dimethyl‐di‐2,4‐pentadieneyl‐(E,E)‐silane (DMDPS) catalyzed by the half‐sandwich scandium complex (C5Me4SiMe3)Sc(CH2C6H4NMe2‐o)2/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]. Due to the high activity of DMDPS in copolymerization, and the very similar reactivity of the two pentadieneyl groups in DMDPS, the gelation reaction is successfully avoided in the highly branched products. The structural parameter branching factor (g′) of the HBPIps is determined to evaluate the branching degree. It is proved that in the polymerization both the concentration of DMDPS and isoprene exhibits significant influence on branching degree of HBPIps. By using the DMDPS as branching agent and simply controlling the polymerization conditions, high branching degree of g′ = 0.35 is achieved.
Training a neural network for Gibbs and noise removal in diffusion MRI
Authors: Muckley Matthew J. , Ades‐Aron Benjamin , Papaioannou Antonios , Lemberskiy Gregory , Solomon Eddy , Lui Yvonne W. , Sodickson Daniel K. , Fieremans Els , Novikov Dmitry S. , Knoll Florian 
Published: July 2020

PurposeTo develop and evaluate a neural network–based method for Gibbs artifact and noise removal.MethodsA convolutional neural network (CNN) was designed for artifact removal in diffusion‐weighted imaging data. Two implementations were considered: one for magnitude images and one for complex images. Both models were based on the same encoder‐decoder structure and were trained by simulating MRI acquisitions on synthetic non‐MRI images.ResultsBoth machine learning methods were able to mitigate artifacts in diffusion‐weighted images and diffusion parameter maps. The CNN for complex images was also able to reduce artifacts in partial Fourier acquisitions.ConclusionsThe proposed CNNs extend the ability of artifact correction in diffusion MRI. The machine learning method described here can be applied on each imaging slice independently, allowing it to be used flexibly in clinical applications.
mNIS+7 and lower limb function in inotersen treatment of hereditary transthyretin‐mediated amyloidosis
Authors: Dyck P. James B. , Kincaid John C. , Wiesman Janice F. , Polydefkis Michael , Litchy William J. , Mauermann Michelle L. , Ackermann Elizabeth J. , Guthrie Spencer , Pollock Michael , Jung Shiangtung W. , Baker Brenda F. , Dyck Peter J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionInotersen, an antisense oligonucleotide inhibitor of transthyretin (TTR) protein production, demonstrated significant benefit versus placebo in the modified Neuropathy Impairment Score (NIS) +7 neurophysiologic tests (mNIS+7) in patients with hereditary TTR‐mediated amyloidosis (hATTR) with polyneuropathy. This analysis assessed the mNIS+7 components by anatomic location and the lower limb function (LLF) test.MethodsAdults with hATTR in the NEURO‐TTR trial (NCT01737398) were randomly assigned to receive weekly doses of subcutaneous inotersen 300 mg or placebo for 65 weeks. The mNIS+7 and LLF were assessed at 35 and 66 weeks.ResultsAll major mNIS+7 components (muscle weakness, muscle stretch reflexes, sensation) and the LLF showed significant efficacy in patients receiving inotersen versus placebo; however, NIS‐reflexes (upper limb), touch pressure (upper and lower limbs), and heart rate during deep breathing did not show significant effects.DiscussionThe results of this analysis reinforce the beneficial effect of inotersen on slowing neuropathy progression in patients with hATTR polyneuropathy.
Are there relevant animal models to set research priorities in LUTD? ICI‐RS 2019
Authors: Andersson Karl‐Erik , Birder Lori , Chermansky Christopher , Chess‐Williams Russell , Fry Christopher 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimTo discuss animal models of lower urinary tract disorders (LUTD) and their translational impact.MethodsReport of discussions based on presented literature‐search based reviews relevant for the purpose.ResultsAnimal models can be used to investigate fundamental biological mechanisms, but also as tools to elucidate aspects of the pathogenesis of disease and to provide early evidence of any safety risk. Several different models may be required to obtain information that can have a translational impact. The term “translational research” covers not only the process of directly transferring knowledge from basic sciences to human trials to produce new drugs, devices, and treatment options for patients (T1 type translation) but also the implementation of early clinical research findings (phases I‐III) into practice to improve care for patients (T2 type). Direct transfer of animal data to T2 is rarely possible, and the process often does not continue after the first trials in humans (phase I). It should be emphasized that many preclinical observations do not have (and do not need to have) immediate translational impact.ConclusionsNo single animal model can mimic the complexity of the human disease. Still, animal models can be useful for gaining information on LUT function in humans, for elucidating pathophysiological mechanisms, and for the definition of targets for future drugs to treat LUT disorders.
Should we be revisiting LUT basic science and clinical measurement of LUT sensation to improve patient care? ICI‐RS 2019
Authors: McCloskey Karen D. , Wyndaele Jean‐Jacques , Speich John E. , Birder Lori , Nelson Pierre P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsThis article reviews current knowledge of the underpinning mechanisms of how the bladder senses fullness locally and also revisits clinical measurements of lower urinary tract sensation. The former represents cellular sensing during bladder filling whereas the latter describes the sensations leading to conscious perception of bladder fullness.MethodsThe topic was discussed in a “think tank” session at the 2019 International Consultation on Incontinence—Research Symposium in Bristol, UK; summarized in the present review.ResultsRecent advances in the basic science of bladder sensing relating to (a) the bladder wall—urothelial cells, sensory nerves, interstitial cells, and smooth muscle cells and (b) putative chemo/mechanosensors in the urethra—paraneurons or “brush cells” are discussed. Validated clinical measurement of lower urinary tract sensation is reviewed in the context of how this could be better harnessed for patient benefit. We discuss the potential of app/tablet/mobile technology based on triggers and distractors to override aberrant local sensing/higher sensation and how these technologies could be utilized in treatment.ConclusionsWe conclude that a better understanding of bladder sensation is essential to inform clinical management of lower urinary tract symptoms.
Towards distributed emergency flow prioritization in software‐defined networks
Authors: Moeyersons Jerico , Farkiani Behrooz , Wauters Tim , Volckaert Bruno , De Turck Filip 
Published: July 2020

SummaryEmergency services must be able to transfer data with high priority over different networks. With 5G, slicing concepts at mobile network connections are introduced, allowing operators to divide portions of their network for specific use cases. In addition, Software‐Defined Networking (SDN) principles allow to assign different Quality‐of‐Service (QoS) levels to different network slices.This paper proposes a microservices‐based framework, able to run both centralized and distributed, that guarantees the required bandwidth for the emergency flows and maximizes the best‐effort flows over the remaining bandwidth based on their priority. The proposed framework consists of an offline linear model, allowing to optimize the problem for a batch of flow requests. For dynamic situations, an online approach is also required in the framework to handle new incoming flows by calculating the path with a shortest path algorithm and utilizing a greedy approach in assigning bandwidth to the intermediate flows.In this article, the linear model is evaluated through simulation, the distributed architecture is evaluated through emulation while the online approach is validated through physical experiments with SDN switches. The results show that the linear model is able to guarantee the resource allocation for the emergency flows while optimizing the best‐effort flows with a sub‐second execution time. The distributed architecture is able to split up the managed network into different parts, allowing division of work between controllers. As a proof‐of‐concept, a prototype with Zodiac switches validates the feasibility of the centralized framework.
Reproducing kernel method to solve parabolic partial differential equations with nonlocal conditions
Authors: Allahviranloo Tofigh , Sahihi Hussein 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, the parabolic partial differential equations with nonlocal conditions are solved. To this end, we use the reproducing kernel method (RKM) that is obtained from the combining fundamental concepts of the Galerkin method, and the complete system of reproducing kernel Hilbert space that was first introduced by Wang et al. who implemented RKM without Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization process. In this method, first the reproducing kernel spaces and their kernels such that satisfy the nonlocal conditions are constructed, and then the RKM without Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization process on the considered problem is implemented. Moreover, convergence theorem, error analysis theorems, and stability theorem are provided in detail. To show the high accuracy of the present method several numerical examples are solved.
Functional initiators for the ring‐opening polymerization of polyesters and polycarbonates: An overview
Authors: Phan Hien , Kortsen Kristoffer , Englezou Georgia , Couturaud Benoit , Nedoma Alisyn J. , Pearce Amanda K. , Taresco Vincenzo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFunctional ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) initiators can instill a wide array of chemical, physical, and biological effects into a polymeric chain. Highlighting the versatility of this “active” initiator approach, a broad range of characteristics can be achieved through the use of initiators with chemistries spanning from drugs and dyes (key in the case of drug delivery or nanoparticle applications) through to radically active monomers, polymerization transfer agents, and catalysts. The selection of a suitable “active” initiator (monomers for tandem reactions, dyes, drugs, stereo‐catalysts, etc.) can not only provide the final polymers with interesting application potential but also facilitate the implementation of ROP reactions in tandem with other polymerization techniques. Overall, this review will highlight that functionalities and properties can be effectively tuned by exploiting simple chemistry approaches, allowing readers to identify how these approaches could be of benefit to their own work in a range of applications including drug/gene delivery, amphiphilic bio/degradable carriers, drug/scent controlled release, and stereo‐controlled polymers.
Phenotypic features of ciliary dyskinesia among patients with congenital cardiovascular malformations
Authors: Sherman Forrest , Wodrich Mitchel , Zampi Jeffrey D. , Lee Julie , McCaffery Harlan , Saba Thomas G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCilia are cell membrane‐bound organelles responsible for airway mucus clearance, establishment of left‐right organ asymmetry, cardiogenesis, and many other functions in utero. Phenotypic features suggestive of respiratory ciliary dyskinesia among patients with heterotaxy syndrome, defined as complex cardiovascular malformations (CVM) and situs ambiguus (SA), has not been adequately explored.ObjectivesWe hypothesized that there is a greater incidence of phenotypic features consistent with ciliary dyskinesia among patients with heterotaxy syndrome compared to patients with other CVM and laterality defects without heterotaxy syndrome.MethodsThirty six subjects were identified by medical record search and divided into four groups based on situs status and type of CVM as follows: SA and complex CVM (group 1); SA and simple CVM (group 2); situs solitus and complex CVM (group 3); and situs solitus and simple CVM (group 4). Phenotype was assessed with a clinical questionnaire, nasal nitric oxide (NO) level, and pulmonary function testing. Those with complex CVM underwent additional testing for variants in genes involved in ciliary structure and function.ResultsThe mean nasal NO level was significantly lower among all subjects with complex CVM regardless of situs anomalies (groups 1 and 3). There was no significant difference in respiratory symptoms or lung function among the four groups. No bi‐allelic genetic mutations were detected among patients with complex CVM.ConclusionsThis study identified a relatively lower mean nasal NO level, suggestive of relative ciliary dyskinesia, among subjects with complex CVM. Pulmonary function and clinical symptoms did not reflect significant pulmonary disease among those with complex CVM.
Influence of electrostatic forces on the association kinetics and conformational ensemble of an intrinsically disordered protein
Authors: Cook Erik C. , Creamer Trevor P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent work has revealed that the association of a disordered region of a protein with a folded binding partner can occur as rapidly as association between two folded proteins. This is the case for the phosphatase calcineurin (CaN) and its association with its activator calmodulin. Calmodulin binds to the intrinsically disordered regulatory domain of CaN. Previous studies have shown that electrostatic steering can accelerate the binding of folded proteins with disordered ligands. Given that electrostatic forces are strong determinants of disordered protein ensembles, the relationship between electrostatics, conformational ensembles, and quaternary interactions is unclear. Here, we employ experimental approaches to explore the impact of electrostatic interactions on the association of calmodulin with the disordered regulatory region of CaN. We find that estimated association rate constants of calmodulin with our chosen calmodulin‐substrates are within the diffusion‐limited regime. The association rates are dependent on the ionic strength, indicating that favorable electrostatic forces increase the rate of association. Further, we show that charged amino acids outside the calmodulin‐binding site modulate the binding rate. Conformational ensembles obtained from computer simulations suggest that electrostatic interactions within the regulatory domain might bias the conformational ensemble such that the calmodulin binding region is readily accessible. Given the prevalence of charged residues in disordered protein chains, our findings are likely relevant to many protein‐protein interactions.