bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximum temperature rise of fire plume ejected out of the compartment window with a horizontal eave
Authors: Li Linjie , Gao Zihe , Li Yilin , Xu Pai , Zhao Ningyu , Liu Jialiang 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThis study focuses on the maximum temperature rise of fire plume ejected out of the compartment window with a horizontal eave. Based on the symmetry of ejected plume and pictures recorded by the cameras in the study, the shape of ejected thermal plume out of the window under the eave is suggest as an isosceles trapezoid, and the ejected thermal plume rising at the edge of the eave is assumed to be a rectangular fire source. The dimensions of the rectangular fire source are theoretically deduced for compartment fire process of different window geometry, width of eave, and heat release rate, according to the conservation of plume mass. The previous predictive model for plume temperature proposed by Quintiere is popularized to the ejected flame above an eave by including the dimensions of the rectangular fire source as well as the width of eave. The results would provide theoretical guidance to the application of fireproof eave in high‐rise building for fire protection designs.
Ca/Cu Co‐doped SmFeO3 as a Fuel Electrode Material for Direct Electrolysis of CO2 in SOECs▴
Authors: Wang S. , Deng S. , Hao Z. , Hu X. , Zheng Y. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe electrochemical conversion of CO2 to CO by using solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) is an attractive technology for sustainable utilization of greenhouse gas to chemicals. In this work, Ca and/or Cu doped SmFeO3 perovskite materials in the form of Sm1–xCaxFe1–yCuyO3–δ (x = 0, y = 0; x = 0.1, y = 0; x = 0, y = 0.1; x = 0.1, y = 0.1) are evaluated as SOEC fuel electrode for direct electrolysis of CO2. The Ca and Cu co‐doped sample Sm0.9Ca0.1Fe0.9Cu0.1O3–δ (SCFCO) presents the highest electrical conductivity value of 15.18 S cm−1 among all of the samples under CO2 atmosphere at 700 °C. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis reveals that the CO2 dissociative adsorption and charge transfer of Ca and Cu co‐doped fuel electrode are significantly enhanced, resulting in the greatly decrease in polarization resistance compared with that of the undoped sample. The current density of an electrolyte‐supported single cell with the SCFCO fuel electrode reaches as high as 1.20 A cm−2 at the applied voltage of 1.5 V and 800 °C, which is 60% higher than that of the SmFeO3–δ fuel electrode. Furthermore, the cell shows an impressive stability for the durability test, indicating the excellent electrocatalysis performance and coking tolerance of SCFCO as a promising fuel electrode material for direct electrolysis of CO2.
A survey of subspace recycling iterative methods
Authors: Soodhalter Kirk M. , de Sturler Eric , Kilmer Misha E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis survey concerns subspace recycling methods, a popular class of iterative methods that enable effective reuse of subspace information in order to speed up convergence and find good initial vectors over a sequence of linear systems with slowly changing coefficient matrices, multiple right‐hand sides, or both. The subspace information that is recycled is usually generated during the run of an iterative method (usually a Krylov subspace method) on one or more of the systems. Following introduction of definitions and notation, we examine the history of early augmentation schemes along with deflation preconditioning schemes and their influence on the development of recycling methods. We then discuss a general residual constraint framework through which many augmented Krylov and recycling methods can both be viewed. We review several augmented and recycling methods within this framework. We then discuss some known effective strategies for choosing subspaces to recycle before taking the reader through more recent developments that have generalized recycling for (sequences of) shifted linear systems, some of them with multiple right‐hand sides in mind. We round out our survey with a brief review of application areas that have seen benefit from subspace recycling methods.
Mortality and cause of death in patients with tracheostomy: Longitudinal follow‐up study using a national sample cohort
Authors: Jin Young Ju , Han Seung Yoon , Park Bumjung , Park Il‐Seok , Kim Jin‐Hwan , Choi Hyo Geun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the long‐term mortality and cause of death in patients with tracheostomy.MethodsData from the Korean National Health Insurance Service‐Health Screening Cohort were collected from 2002 to 2013. A total of 2394 tracheostomy participants and 9536 control participants were included in this study. The crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for tracheostomy‐associated mortality were analyzed. Subgroup analysis according to age and cause of death was analyzed.ResultsThe tracheostomy group showed a significantly higher rate of death (69.1%) than the nontracheostomy group (13.3%). The adjusted HR for mortality was 13.5 in the tracheostomy group. The most common cause of death after tracheostomy was a circulatory disease, followed by neoplasm, respiratory disease, and trauma.ConclusionsPatients with tracheostomy had a significantly increased long‐term mortality rate compared with patients with nontracheostomy. The circulatory disease was the most common cause of death following tracheostomy.
miR‐141‐3p inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via regulating Keap1/Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway
Authors: Zhang Cuicui , Kong Xianghui , Ma Deliang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractmiR‐141‐3p is proven to play a prominent role in various inflammation‐related diseases. Nonetheless, little is known concerning the function of miR‐141‐3p in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) dysfunction and the underlying mechanism. ApoE knockdown (ApoE−/−) C57BL/6 mice and human VSMCs were employed to establish atherosclerosis (AS) animal model and cell model, respectively. The expressions of miR‐141‐3p and Keap1 mRNA were detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to determine inflammatory cytokines IL‐6, IL‐β and TNF‐α. Cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis were analyzed by BrdU assay, Transwell assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay was carried out to determine the regulatory relationship between miR‐141‐3p and Keap1. Additionally, Western blot was used to detect the function of miR‐141‐3p on the expression levels of Keap1, Nrf2 and HO‐1 in VSMCs. miR‐141‐3p was remarkably down‐regulated in both AS animal model and cell model while the expression of Keap1 was elevated. Proliferation and migration of VSMCs were suppressed after miR‐141‐3p mimics transfection and cell apoptosis was promoted. miR‐141‐3p also inhibited the expressions of IL‐6, IL‐β, TNF‐α and Keap1 but promoted the expressions of Nrf2 and HO‐1. Moreover, the binding site between miR‐141‐3p and the 3′UTR of Keap1 was confirmed. miR‐141‐3p is down‐regulated during AS, and it can alleviate VSMCs' dysfunction by targeting the Keap1/Nrf2/HO‐1 axis.
The effect of chloroquine on the TRPC1, TRPC6, and CaSR in the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in hypoxia‐induced experimental pulmonary artery hypertension
Authors: Kaymak Emin , Akin Ali Tuğrul , Tufan Esra , Başaran Kemal Erdem , Taheri Serpil , Özdamar Saim , Yakan Birkan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life‐threatening disease characterized by a constant high pulmonary artery pressure and the remodeling of the vessel. Chloroquine (CLQ) has been observed to inhibit calcium influx. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of CLQ on transient receptor cationic proteins (TRPC1 and TRPC6) and extracellular calcium‐sensitive receptor (CaSR) in a hypoxic PAH model. In this study, 8‐ to 12‐week‐old 32 male Wistar albino rats, weighing 200 to 300 g, were used. The rats were studied in four groups, including normoxy control, n = 8; normoxy CLQ (50 mg/kg/28 d), n = 8; hypoxia (HX; 10% oxygen/28 d) control, n = 8; and HX (10% oxygen/28 d) + CLQ (50 mg/kg), N = 8. Pulmonary arterial medial wall thickness, pulmonary arteriole wall, TRPC1, TRPC6, and CaSR expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay methods. At the end of the experiment, a statistically significant increase in the medial wall thickness was observed in the hypoxic group as compared with the control group. However, in the HX + CLQ group, there was a statistically significant decrease in the vessel medial wall as compared with the HX group. In the TRPC1‐, TRPC6‐, and CaSR‐immunopositive cell numbers, messenger RNA expressions and biochemical results showed an increase in the HX group, whereas they were decreased in the HX + CLQ group. The inhibitory effect of CLQ on calcium receptors in arterioles was observed in PAH.
Role of alkylated residues in the tetrapeptide self‐assembly—A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Muthusivarajan Rajarajeswari , Allen William J. , Pehere Ashok D. , Sokolov Konstantin V. , Fuentes David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDesigning peptide sequences that self‐assemble into well‐defined nanostructures can open a new venue for the development of novel drug carriers and molecular contrast agents. Current approaches are often based on a linear block‐design of amphiphilic peptides where a hydrophilic peptide chain is terminated by a hydrophobic tail. Here, a new template for a self‐assembling tetrapeptide (YXKX, Y = tyrosine, X = alkylated tyrosine, K = lysine) is proposed with two distinct sides relative to the peptide's backbone: alkylated hydrophobic residues on one side and hydrophilic residues on the other side. Using all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations, the self‐assembly pathway of the tetrapeptide is analyzed for two different concentrations. At both concentrations, tetrapeptides self‐assembled into a nanosphere structure. The alkylated tyrosines initialize the self‐assembly process via a strong hydrophobic effect and to reduce exposure to the aqueous solvent, they formed a hydrophobic core. The hydrophilic residues occupied the surface of the self‐assembled nanosphere. Ordered arrangement of tetrapeptides within the nanosphere with the backbone hydrogen bonding led to a beta sheet formation. Alkyl chain length constrained the size and shape of the nanosphere. This study provides foundation for further exploration of self‐assembling structures that are based on peptides with hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties located on the opposite sides of a peptide backbone.
An effective process for the synthesis of dihydropyridines via SO4−2/SnO2‐catalyzed Hantzsch reaction
Authors: Koduri Ramesh Goud , Pagadala Ramakanth , Varala Ravi , Boodida Satyanarayana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSulfated tin oxide (STO) was established as an admirable heterogeneous catalyst for the single‐step synthesis of dihydropyridine derivatives via Hantzsch reaction. The synthetic method was mainly used in the presence of STO as a heterogeneous solid catalyst. STO‐catalyzed Hantzsch reaction afforded good yields (90–94%) in acetonitrile at 80°C. The synthesized titled compounds were characterized and confirmed by High Resolution Mass Spectroscopy (HRMS), Fourier Tranform‐Infrared (FTIR), 1H and 13C‐NMR, and spectral data.
lncMGPF is a novel positive regulator of muscle growth and regeneration
Authors: Lv Wei , Jin Jianjun , Xu Zaiyan , Luo Hongmei , Guo Yubo , Wang Xiaojing , Wang Shanshan , Zhang Jiali , Zuo Hao , Bai Wei , Peng Yaxing , Tang Junming , Zhao Shuhong , Zuo Bo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical regulatory roles in diverse biological processes and diseases. While a large number of lncRNAs have been identified in skeletal muscles until now, their function and underlying mechanisms in skeletal myogenesis remain largely unclear.MethodsWe characterized a novel functional lncRNA designated lncMGPF (lncRNA muscle growth promoting factor) using RACE, Northern blot, fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantitative real‐time PCR. Its function was determined by gene overexpression, interference, and knockout experiments in C2C12 myoblasts, myogenic progenitor cells, and an animal model. The molecular mechanism by which lncMGPF regulates muscle differentiation was mainly examined by cotransfection experiments, luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pull‐down, and RNA stability analyses.ResultsWe report that lncMGPF, which is highly expressed in muscles and positively regulated by myoblast determination factor (MyoD), promotes myogenic differentiation of muscle cells in vivo and in vitro. lncMGPF knockout in mice substantially decreases growth rate, reduces muscle mass, and impairs muscle regeneration. Overexpression of lncMGPF in muscles can rescue the muscle phenotype of knockout mice and promote muscle growth of wild‐type mice. Mechanistically, lncMGPF promotes muscle differentiation by acting as a molecular sponge of miR‐135a‐5p and thus increasing the expression of myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C), as well as by enhancing human antigen R‐mediated messenger RNA stabilization of myogenic regulatory genes such as MyoD and myogenin (MyoG). We confirm that pig lncRNA AK394747 and human lncRNA MT510647 are homologous to mouse lncMGPF, with conserved function and mechanism during myogenesis.ConclusionsOur data reveal that lncMGPF is a novel positive regulator of myogenic differentiation, muscle growth and regeneration in mice, pigs, and humans.
Cement solidification/stabilization of the toxicants from spent commercial SCR catalyst
Authors: He Chuan , Kong Fanhai , Bao Qiang , Zhang Fajie , Wang Lele , Ma Yunlong , Yao Yan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present work focuses on a harmless treatment of hazardous substances in spent commercial selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst by using cement as a binder. The spent V2O5‐WO3/TiO2 SCR catalysts were ground and mixed with the cement to prepare the solidified products, according to a simple method in this study. The solidified products were subsequently submitted to a characterization process based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption–desorption analysis. The leaching characteristics of hazardous substances, such as V, As, Cr and Pb, in solidified products were studied and the effects of mixed ratio between deactivated SCR catalyst and cement on leaching characteristics of hazardous substances were investigated.RESULTSThe experimental results showed that the cement was effective in immobilizing hazardous substances (V, As, Cr and Pb) present in the spent catalyst. When the cement hardened with 50% spent catalyst addition, the solidified products exhibited extremely low leaching concentrations of V, As, Cr and Pb, which are 0.6, 1.3, 2.3 mg L−1 and 16.5 μg L−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe leaching toxicity of hazardous substances is far lower than that of the National Standard of China and European regulations. The characterization analysis revealed that the active silicate sand hydroxyl compounds play an important role in immobilizing hazardous substances in spent SCR catalyst. The cement solidification method was expected to achieve the harmless treatment on spent SCR catalyst for the first time. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Ethanol exposure during the brain growth spurt period increases ethanol‐induced aggressive behavior in adolescent male mice
Authors: Demarque Kelly C. , Krahe Thomas E. , de Oliveira Gabriel Melo , Abreu‐Villaça Yael , Manhães Alex C. , Filgueiras Cláudio C. , Ribeiro‐Carvalho Anderson 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEthanol exposure during development is associated with deficient social behavior, such as aggressive behavior, and ethanol consumption is associated with violent crimes, thus raising the possibility that individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder may exhibit exacerbated social deficits in response to ethanol exposure. The present study evaluated the effects of ethanol exposure during the brain growth spurt period (i.e., a critical time period during which ethanol's effects are augmented) on aggressive behavior and ethanol‐induced aggression during adolescence. From postnatal Day 2 (PD2) to PD8, Swiss mice received either ethanol (5 g/kg, i.p.) or saline on alternate days. On PD39, aggressive behavior was assessed using the resident‐intruder paradigm in male mice, and social dominance was investigated using the tube dominance test in both males and females. Testis structure and testosterone levels were evaluated in male mice. Early ethanol exposure increased the gonadosomatic index and the number of Leydig cells. The thickness of the seminiferous tube decreased. No difference in testosterone levels was found. The ethanol‐exposed resident mice exhibited increased number and duration of aggressive episodes only when challenged with a low ethanol dose (1 g/kg) before confrontation. Female mice early‐exposed to ethanol won more confrontations in the tube dominance test. The present findings suggest a critical brain growth spurt period that is susceptible to ethanol‐induced alterations of social dominance behavior in females. Although basal levels of aggression were unaffected, early ethanol exposure resulted in greater susceptibility to ethanol‐induced aggression in adolescent male mice.
The phenotype associated with variants in TANGO2 may be explained by a dual role of the protein in ER‐to‐Golgi transport and at the mitochondria
Authors: Milev Miroslav P. , Saint‐Dic Djenann , Zardoui Khashayar , Klopstock Thomas , Law Christopher , Distelmaier Felix , Sacher Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTANGO2 variants result in a complex disease phenotype consisting of recurrent crisis‐induced rhabdomyolysis, encephalopathy, seizures, lactic acidosis, hypoglycemia, and cardiac arrhythmias. Although first described in a fruit fly model as a protein necessary for some aspect of Golgi function and organization, its role in the cell at a fundamental level has not been addressed. Such studies are necessary to better counsel families regarding treatment options and nutrition management to mitigate the metabolic aspects of the disease. The few studies performed to address the pathway(s) in which TANGO2 functions have led to enigmatic results, with some suggesting defects in membrane traffic while others suggest unknown mitochondrial defects. Here, we have performed a robust membrane trafficking assay on fibroblasts derived from three different individuals harboring TANGO2 variants and show that there is a significant delay in the movement of cargo between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi. Importantly, this delay was attributed to a defect in TANGO2 function. We further show that a portion of TANGO2 protein localizes to the mitochondria through a necessary but not sufficient stretch of amino acids at the amino terminus of the protein. Fibroblasts from affected individuals also displayed changes in mitochondrial morphology. We conclude that TANGO2 functions in both membrane trafficking and in some as yet undetermined role in mitochondria physiology. The phenotype of affected individuals can be partially explained by this dual involvement of the protein.
Morphology of ctenostome bryozoans: 2. Haywardozoon pacificum, with implications of the phylogenetic position of the genus
Authors: Schwaha Thomas , Grischenko Andrei V. , Melnik Viacheslav P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe genus Haywardozoon represent a little known genus of ctenostome bryozoans that has only been found in the deep‐sea. It forms small, mostly uniserial colonies lacking polymorphs. Zooids have a conspicuous apertural closure mechanism consisting of a cuticular lower lip that closes the aperture. The systematic placement of the genus remains uncertain, detailed morphological studies that include soft‐body morphological traits are missing. Consequently, this is the first study analyzing H. pacificum by means of histological serial sections and 3d‐reconstruction. Zooids are ovoid and in some cases solitary, that is, showing no interconnected zooids. Most prominent is the large vestibular wall that can be more than half of the total length of the zooid. Its vestibular wall is particularly lined by a complex, multilayered and branched cuticle. A single pair of lateral parieto‐diaphragmatic muscles is present. The polypide is small and comprises about 17 tentacles. The digestive tract is short, has an elongated cardia, a vestigial caecum and a vestibular anus. An ovipositor/intertentacular organ and several oligolecithal oocytes were detected. Several aspects of zooidal morphology, including the structure of the bilateral aperture, parieto‐diaphragmatic muscles, general structure of the gut and the thick cuticle, clearly indicate an association to the ctenostome superfamily Alcyonidioidea. Therefore, we reject the previous placement into Hislopioidea and suggest a possible association to pherusellid ctenostomes. New reproductive characters show that H. pacificum is a broadcaster contrary to some other deep‐sea forms that are brooding.Research HighlightMorphology of ctenostome bryozoans remain little investigated. This contribution is the second of a series of detailed morphological analyses of this understudied clade of bryozoans. The morphological investigation of Haywardozoon pacificum revealed numerous characters that show a closer relationship to Flustrellididrae rather than Hislopiidae as previously assumed.
Role of eosinophils in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of COVID‐19
Authors: Tan Yingzheng , Zhou Juan , Zhou Qing , Hu Lingli , Long Yunzhu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) epidemic, which has severely affected global public health security. However, the diagnosis and treatment of the disease need further exploration. Therefore, this retrospective analysis was conducted on multiple indicators of peripheral blood in patients with COVID‐19 to determine the role of leukocytes, lymphocytes, and eosinophils in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of COVID‐19. Baseline information and clinical records of 40 patients were collected, including demographic data, disease status, medication, and laboratory routine. The correlation between the inspection indicators and disease classification, as well as prognostic factors, was analyzed. Decreased eosinophils were detected in 33 out of 40 patients with COVID‐19 on admission, while lymphocytes and eosinophils were inversely related to the severity of the disease, according to the Spearman's correlation coefficient. Thus, it could be deduced that eosinophils have better sensitivity for the diagnosis of COVID‐19 and play a major role similar to lymphocytes in assessing the prognosis of patients.