bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Management of Acute Diverticulitis
Authors: Weidner Tiffany K , Kidwell John T , Etzioni David A 
Published: January 2021

Diverticulitis is the cause of 300,000 inpatient admissions in the United States each year. Surgical evaluation and treatment are commonly required for the treatment of diverticulitis. This chapter discusses the diagnosis, triage, and treatment of acute diverticulitis. Medical treatment, as well as the indications for surgical treatment for diverticulitis, is discussed. Current controversies, including the need for antibiotics for a patient with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis, necessity of colonoscopy after resolution of an acute episode, and indications for urgent surgery, are reviewed.
This review contains 10 figures, 3 tables, and 67 references.
keywords: acute diverticulitis, colonic fistula, complicated diverticulitis, diverticular abscess, diverticular disease, diverticulitis, diverticulosis, perforated diverticulitis, uncomplicated diverticulitis
Rectal Prolapse: Perineal Procedures
Authors: Wexner Steven D. , Cera Susan M. , Valinluck Lao Victoria 
Published: January 2021

Rectal prolapse is a condition wherein a full thickness intussusception of the rectal wall protrudes out of the anus. The diagnosis is rare, ~ 0.5% of the population, and occurs most often in elderly females. The diagnosis is associated with constipation, fecal incontinence, or both. The repair of rectal prolapse can be divided into perineal and abdominal procedures. In this review, we will discuss preoperative evaluation, management and planning as well as describe key widely accepted perineal procedures, the Delorme and Altemeier, and report recent advances. Abdominal procedure and advances in that arena will be discussed in a separate review.
This review contains 9 figures, 7 tables, and 32 references.
Key words: Rectal prolapse, perineal procedure, resection, Altemeier, Delorme, Thiersch wire, perineal stapled resection, levatoroplasty
Thyroidectomy: Technique, Tips, and Troubleshooting
Authors: Kuo Lindsay EY , Nehs Matthew A. 
Published: January 2021

Historically, thyroidectomy was associated with a high mortality rate, now understood to likely be secondary to postoperative hypocalcemia. In the modern age, perioperative morbidity and mortality rates are extremely low, although some complications, such as recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, can have significant consequences. Understanding the safe approach to total thyroidectomy and thyroid lobectomy is key to minimizing operative morbidity. In particular, the capsular dissection technique facilitates identification and preservation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands. The postoperative care of the patient, including diagnosis and management of the more common complications such as hematoma or hypocalcemia, is crucial to optimize patient outcomes. Although novel thyroidectomy techniques have been developed to avoid or minimize the traditional neck incision, these approaches have not become widely used.

This review contains 9 figures, 1 table, and 29 references.
Key Words: capsular dissection, external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, intraoperative nerve monitoring, minimally invasive thyroidectomy, postoperative hematoma, postoperative hoarseness, postoperative hypocalcemia, recurrent laryngeal nerve, remote access thyroidectomy
PRAKTIK FIKIH KESEHARIAN MINORITAS MUSLIM DI BALI
Authors: Rahman Fathor 
Published: January 2021

This paper explored a daily fiqh practice or, more precisely, the practice of Islam among Muslim minorities in Bali, which is transformed into an adaptable form of religious diversity promoting harmony. In the midst of the strong domination of Hindu custom and the acts of violence by few Muslims in Indonesia, the Balinese Muslim community strived to manifest Islamic teachings (fiqh) in daily life having tolerant and moderate. Through two problems such as; how is the religious adaptation pattern of minority Muslim communities in Bali? How do Muslim communities establish inter-religious harmony as a manifestation of their daily fiqh? This study attempted to analyze it based on maqashid sharia theory. As for supporting data collection, this paper used field research using interviews and observations.The finding indicated that there were interesting patterns of religious social relations occurred in the daily practice of Muslim minorities in expressing their Islamic teachings in the public area. Muslims in Bali are able to appraise their religious teachings and adapt with the surrounding community, which was socio-anthropologically dominated by the Hindu belief system.
KURIKULUM 2013 YANG BERKARAKTER
Authors: Rumapea Murni Eva 
Published: January 2021

Dewasa ini perubahan kurikulum sangat mengutamakan pembentukan karakter, mengingat pada kenyataan menurunnya kwalitas hidup masyarakat baik dari segi moral, mental, terutama generasi muda. Untuk itu saat ini kurikulum pendidikam yang berkarakter diorientasikan untuk pembentukan karakter peserta didik. Perubahan kurikulum merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari kurikulum itu sendiri (inherent), bahwa kurikulum yang berlaku harus dilakukan peningkatan dengan mengutamakan kebutuhan peserta didik. Guru sebagai ujung tombak dalam implementasi kurikulum dituntut menjadi guru yang mampu meramu kurikulum 2013 secara tepat yaitu proses penilaian dan kompetensi mampu meningkatkan kompetensi siswa untuk menghasilkan lulusan mampu menghadapi tantangan global. Guru harus menyadari bahwa pendidikan sangat penting untuk menjawab tantangan global, dan siswa harus bertanggungjawab dalam menuntut ilmu untuk membentuk pendidikan karakter yang menjadi tujuan kurikulum 2013. Kurikulum 2013 membentuk siswa melakukan pengamatan/observasi, bertanya dan bernalar terhadap ilmu yang diajarkan. Siswa diberi mata pelajaran berdasarkan tema yang terintegrasi agar memiliki pengetahuan untuk tentang lingkungan, kehidupan, dan memiliki pondasi pribadi tangguh dalam kehidupan sosial serta kreativitas yang lebih baik. Pendidikan karakter mengatur tata kelakuan manusia pada aturan khusus, hukum, norma, adat kebiasaan dalam bidang kehidupan sosial manusia yang memiliki pengaruh sangat kuat pada sikap mental (mental attitude) manusia secara individu dalam aktivitas hidup. Sikap mental sebagai unsur penggerak untuk kelakuan manusia, memberikan reaksi terhadap lingkungan alam, dan sosial. Perilaku manusia dapat dipengaruhi langsung oleh alam pikiran/jiwa manusia dalam menghadapi lingkungan. Mentalitas manusia merupakan suatu nilai karakter yang berkembangkan dalam diri manusia secara perorangan dan dipedomani oleh struktur nilai yang mengakar dan melembaga dalam masyarakat. Misalnya satuan pendidikan, dalam satuan pendidikan terbentuk sistem nilai sebagai pedoman perilaku seluruh komunitas satuan pendidikan yang merupakan orientasi nilai (value orientation) komunitas satuan pendidikan dalam kehidupan satuan pendidikan dan diluar satuan pendidikan
KUALITAS MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN USAHA MIKRO KECIL MENENGAH (UMKM) (STUDI KASUS PADA DISTRIBUTION STORE (DISTRO) DI KOTA MEDAN)
Authors: Hasyim Diana 
Published: January 2021

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menunjukkan dan menjelaskan keadaan manajemen Dkeuangan Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) Distribution Store (Distro) berdasarkan teori manajemen keuangan khususnya dalam hal pengaturan keuangan dan fungsi manajemen keuangan. Penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan metode area sampling. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari kuisioner terstruktur dan kuisioner terbuka yang dibagikan kepada pelaku usaha distro. Pada kuisioner terstruktur jumlah responden adalah 55 distro dan pada kuisioner terbuka jumlah responden sebanyak 25 distro. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengolahan data adalah metode statistik deskriptif untuk menjelaskan mean, range, minimum, maximum dan sebagainya. Dari hasil statistik diperoleh sebesar 52% distro memiliki pemasukan lain selain usaha distro. Kemudian 51% pengusaha distro telah memaksimalkan menggunakan dana untuk keperluan perusahaan. Dari segi pembiayaan, sebesar 64% distro menggunakan hutang. Dari segi tabungan, sebesar 78% distro memiliki tabungan di bank. Akan tetapi, sebesar 55% distro yang memisahkan tabungan pribadi dengan tabungan perusahaan. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebesar 92,73% distro telah memiliki predikat pengaturan keuangan yang baik. Dari segi keuntungan, distro memiliki keuntungan atau laba bersih rata-rata 5% dari total investasinya setiap bulan. Dari segi DER (Debt Equty Ratio), rata-rata distro memiliki rasio DER 0,8:1. WCTA (working capital to total asset) atau aktiva lancar yang dimiliki distro rata-rata sebesar 33,98% dari total asset yang dimiliki.
Upaya Meningkatkan Pemahaman Dan Minat Belajar Siswa Melalui Penggunaan Metode Quantum Teaching Dan Tutor Sebaya
Authors: Widodo Rahayu Sehat 
Published: January 2021

The research was motivated by the implementation of face-to-face tutorial in UPBJJ-UT Medan that is still considered to have several problems, such as the declining of student attendance rates in several study groups (pokjar). This study aimed to: (1) describe the implementation of face-to-face tutorial (TTM) and the criteria of the tutorial systems in UPBJJ-UT Medan, (2) analyze the factors that determine the quality of tutorial, and (3)identified factors that impede the quality of tutorial. The researchis descriptive with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews and distributing questionnaires to 75 respondens who were randomly assigned; and analyzed by qualitative descriptive. The results showed that : (1) TTM held in UPBJJ-UT Medan through the stages of the recruitment of tutors, tutor training, delivery of instructional materials timely, and tutorial monitoring. While the geographical factors used as criteria for the establishment of tutorial areas with the system model block, semi-block and regular. (2) supporting factors of tutorial quality: (a) tutors, (b) instructional materials, (c)students, (d) tutorial location, and (e) the examination system; and (3) inhibiting factors include: (a) distance, (b) age, (c) time, (d) economic and (e) cultural-religion.
Upaya Mengatasi Kesulitan Belajar Siswa dalam Sistem Hukum Peradilan Internasional
Authors: Ariani Herlina 
Published: January 2021

The subject of this research is 42 persons of students at class of Social Science-3 grade XI of SMA 12 of Medan in the 2012/2013 school year. This research purposes to elevate learning result by using method of inquiry on the subject of Civic Education in the class of Social Science-3 grade XI of SMA 12 of Medan in the 2012/2013 school year. Learning method which used is inquiry method. The collecting data instrument are observation, interview, essay test, and multiple choice test at the last cylcle of every treatment to the class have done. This research consists of two cycles which are the first and second cycle consists of problems, phase of planning, implementing, observing, data analysing, and reflecting phase. The result of research represents that using the inquiry method on the subject of Civic Education can be increase students’ learning results. It obvious by seeing average of first test score of 52.02 with 11.09 percent completing of learning. However after implementing the first treatment by inquiry method, achievement of average score elevated on 63.80 with 45.24 percent completing of learning. Then at the second cylce, achievement of average score elevated on 75.12 with 92.85 percent completing of learning. Therefore can be concluded that by using inquiry method on the subject of Civic Education could be increase learning result of students at SMA 12 of Medan.
Studi Usaha-Usaha Petani dalam Peningkatan Produksi Kelapa Sawit di Desa Alur Manis
Authors: Pinem Kamarlin , Rachmat Budi 
Published: January 2021

This research aims at understanding efforts conducted by farmers to increase palm oil production in their plant, on all of the stages such as selecting the seed, planting, nursing, and capital in production of planting palm oil in Alur Manis Village. The population of the research is all of palm oil farmers amount 50 households in which all of them became sample in collecting data. The research uses questionaire and document analyzing as technique in collecting data, while technique of descriptive used in analyzing data. The research shows that selecting for getting prime seed could elevate production of palm oil, and the best time in planting palm oil is in the beginning of rainy season. Whereas nursing should be conducted intensively since during planting to non productive period for earlier production of palm oil. The fertilizing should be conducted in three steps, such following; first step during in period of early age of plant, second step during in grower age of plant, third step during in productive age of plant., with considering maintaining the balance of organic substance of soil. The last that capital in farming positively impact to number of production.
Peran Serta Pengawas Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pendidikan, Menyongsong Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean di Kota Lhokseumawe
Authors: Fauziah Fauziah 
Published: January 2021

In 2015 we have entered in a free trade system in the Southeast Asian region which is called frequently as ASEAN Economic Society (MEA). We have known that MEA aims to increase the economic stability in the ASEAN region and forming a strong economic area inter-ASEAN countries. By implementing MEA in the late of 2015, the member country of ASEAN will sell goods and services easily to the other countries throughout Southeast Asia so that this can effect to the very intensive competition. In this matter, the significant thing which should be done by the Indonesian government especially city government of Lhokseumawe in facing the MEA is by preparing the quality human resources to be compete in the regional and international level. For increasing the quality of human resources is through the educational instituion at least by increasing the role of school supervisor to oversee and control toward the educational process. Without supports of supervising of school, education will not work optimally because the school supervisors responsible in controlling and giving advices for educational achievements.
Motion verb constructions, frames, and profiling
Authors: Herweg Michael 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper offers a frame-semantic account of some of the manifold phenomena that can be observed in motion expressions in typologically diverse languages. The core of the proposed approach is a basic locomotion frame complemented with a mechanism of profiling that operates on this frame. The locomotion frame provides a rich structure which features the pivotal elements beneficial for the semantic representation of different types of motion descriptions. The profiling mechanism allows one to select, deselect and augment elements of this frame structure, as well as to specify significant relations between distinct parts of the frame. With these means, the profiling mechanism facilitates fine-grained differentiations among motion verbs that considerably exceed the classic dichotomy of path and manner-of-motion verbs. The proposed theory is applied to different kinds of path and manner-of-motion verbs, including those typically found in path-dominant and manner-dominant languages, as well as in languages which exhibit a pronounced diversity of motion verbs lined up in serial verb constructions. The suggested frame-semantic analyses thus reveal intricate differentiations in a multifaceted linguistic domain.
KAJIAN STANDAR PELAYANAN MINIMAL (SPM) BIDANG JALAN DI KABUPATEN NAGAN RAYA
Authors: Elfriadi Hendra , Sugiarto Sugiarto , Caisarina Irin 
Published: January 2021

As one of the district that engage on the agriculture and plantation sector, Nagan Raya needs to be supported the facilities and infrastructure correspondingly, quality of transportation, and appropiate in MSS that mobility of goods and services can run smoothly. Anonymous (2015) had been defining of the planned local activity center ( LAC), regional activity center (RAC), Environment service center ( ESC), and classification of system network road. The purpose of this research are to evaluate the practice MSS of road field in Nagan Raya, to specify MSS of road field based on connectivity indicator between region that accordance with SP in Nagan Raya, and also to evaluate fulfillment Minimum Service Standard of road field based on presentation indicator of road condition level in Nagan Raya. This reasearch conducted with collecting the datas that are Hamlet Neighbour book in Nagan Raya, condition data, and DFAA. The use of connectivity MSS on 2015 in Padang Rubek - Lueng Baro is 91,29 percent, Babussalam – Lueng Baro is 91, 78 percent, and Alue Bilie – Lueng Baro is 90,4 percent. The value of roadcondition by made the survey of road condition with visual method categorized at good (B), and medium (S) with each amount are 90,78 percent, and 9,22 percent. The value of road condition by made the survey of specific road condition categorized at good in the amount is 96, 51 percent, medium in the amount is 1,94 percent, and lightly damaged in the amount is 1,55 percent. The compliance of road field in Nagan Raya by made survey of specific road condition in the amount is 164,10 percent, meanwhile on the survey of road condition in visual method in the amount is 166,67 percent
The Correlation Between Student’s Reading Habit in English and Students’ Reading Comprehension Ability
Authors: Andriani Merry , Ariyanti Ariyanti , Arbain Arbain 
Published: January 2021

Reading comprehension can be influenced by reading habit. This research is intended to identify the students’ ability in reading English. The main objective of this research is to recognize whether there is significant correlation between student’s reading habit in English and students’ reading comprehension ability identified through the use of students’ habit questionnaire and reading test with the text was took from passage in TOEFL test. These subjects who are involved at this research are second semester of English Department in Widya Gama Mahakam Samarinda University. This research used quantitative research method. The research design of this study is correlational study. Reading test and questionnaire were used as the instruments; it was used to find out students reading comprehension (variable Y) and students reading habit (variable X) in order to get the data. Moreover, this research used simple random sampling technique. Population of this research was the second semester of English Department in Widya Gama Mahakam Samarinda. The researcher took 38 students as the sample. In this study the researcher computed the normality test to measure the data have a normal distribution and linearity test to measure the data is linear. The data was analyzed using product moment correlation coefficient by SPSS version 22. The result of this research is 0.657. From the result of this research is 0.657 was higher than the significant degree 0.05 at Sig. (2-tailed). It can be concluded the Null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and the Alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted.
An Analysis of Speech Acts Used in English Teaching
Authors: Indah Sari Nur 
Published: January 2021

This study focused on analyzing speech acts and their forces performed by the English teacher in EF (English First) Samarinda. This study is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach. There are two teachers as the subjects of the data. The data of the study are the utterances performed by the English teachers. The main instrument of the study is the researcher herself with the help of an audio-video recorder during the data collection.
In this study, the researcher uses Searle’s theory about types of speech acts. The findings show that 1) there are four kinds of speech acts performed by the teacher during the teaching and learning process, those were representative, commissive, directive, and expressive, 2) the most frequently speech act performed by the teachers is directive speech act while the least speech act performed is commissive. The directive speech act occurs as the most speech act performed by the teacher because they want the students to be more active and can contribute more during the teaching and learning process.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MEMBACA AWAL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KARTU SUKU KATA KELAS I SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Bahrun Masitah 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan berupa media pembelajaran membaca awal untuk siswa Kelas 1 SD dengan fokus pada model media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan. Pengembangan produk media pembelajaran berupa kartu suku kata.Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran membaca awal dengan menggunakan kartu suku kata di Kelas 1 Sekolah Dasar, (2) untuk mengetahui kelayakan pengembangan media pembelajaran membaca awal dengan menggunakan kartu suku kata di Kelas 1 Sekolah Dasar, dan (3) untuk mengetahui efektifitas pengembangan media pembelajaran membaca awal dengan menggunakan kartu suku kata di Kelas 1 Sekolah Dasar. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, angket validasi, tes kelas dan dokumentasi. Teknik Analisa data yang digunakan adalah analisis data kualitatif dan data kuantitatif. Analisa data kualitatif untuk mendeskripsikan pendapat, saran, dan tanggapan validator, sedangkan data kuantitatif digunakan untuk mengolah data hasil observasi penilaian produk dan tes kelas. Hasil pengembangan produk menunjukkan (1) pengembangan media pembelajaran kartu suku kata dilakukan melalui 3 tahap, sehingga hasil pengembangannya terlihat pada penggabungan huruf menjadi suku kata, mengeja suku kata menjadi kata, menggabungkan kata menjadi kalimat, membaca suku kata pada kartu suku kata, memasang kata dengan gambar, da melengkapi kata dalam kalimat; (2) hasil pengembangan media pembelajaran kartu suku kata dikategorikan sangat layak dengan skor rata rata yang diberikan oleh ahli materi yaitu 91% kategori sangat layak, ahli media & desain yaitu 76,11 kategori layak; dan (3) efektivitas pengembangan media pembelajaran ditandai oleh hasil belajar ketika belajar uji coba media terhadap siswa dan keberhasilan pelaksanaan pembelajaran berdasarkan perencanaan pembelajaran yang telah dilakukan berdasarkan data yg diperoleh dari uji coba awal kelompok kecil dengan nilai rata rata 73,37% dan nilai akhir uji kelompok kecil meningkat menjadi 87,14%, sedangkan hasil yg dicapai pada uji awal kelompok besar atau uji lapangan nilai rata rata 88,54% sedangkan uji akhir kelompok besar atau uji lapangan terdapat peningkatan dengan nilai rata rata 89,69 %. Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengembangan media pembelajaran kartu suku kata dapat meningkatkan siswa dalam membaca awal.