bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Running Speed and Midsole Type on Foot Loading in Heel–Toe Running
Authors: Peng Piaolin , Ding Shaolan , Wang Zhikang , Zhang Yifan , Pan Jiahao 
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to explore the immediate effects of running speed and midsole type on foot loading during heel–toe running. Fifteen healthy male college students were required to complete 3 running trials on an indoor 45-m tartan runway at 4 different speeds (3, 4, 5, and 6 m/s) using 2 different running footwear types (engineering thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, polyurethane elastomer; and ethylene vinyl acetate, vinyl acetate). The ground reaction force and plantar pressure data were quantified. Significant speed effects were detected both in ground reaction force and plantar pressure-related data (P < .05). Vertical average loading rate was significantly less, and time to first peak occurred later for the polyurethane elastomer compared with vinyl acetate footwear (P < .05). The peak pressure of the heel, medial forefoot, central forefoot, lateral forefoot, and big toe was significantly less when subjects wore a polyurethane elastomer than vinyl acetate footwear (P < .05). Overall, our results suggested that, compared with the vinyl acetate footwear, the special polyurethane elastomer footwear that is adhered with thousands of polyurethane elastomer granules was effective at reducing the mechanical impact on the foot.
An analysis of the factors that control fault zone architecture and the importance of fault orientation relative to regional stress
Authors: Fletcher John M. , Teran Orlando J. , Rockwell Thomas K. , Oskin Michael E. , Hudnut Kenneth W. , Spelz Ronald M. , Lacan Pierre , Dorsey Matthew T. , Ostermeijer Giles , Mitchell Thomas M. , Akciz Sinan O. , Hernandez-Flores Ana Paula , Hinojosa-Corona Alejandro , Peña-Villa Ivan , Lynch David K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe moment magnitude 7.2 El Mayor–Cucapah (EMC) earthquake of 2010 in northern Baja California, Mexico produced a cascading rupture that propagated through a geometrically diverse network of intersecting faults. These faults have been exhumed from depths of 6–10 km since the late Miocene based on low-temperature thermochronology, synkinematic alteration, and deformational fabrics. Coseismic slip of 1–6 m of the EMC event was accommodated by fault zones that displayed the full spectrum of architectural styles, from simple narrow fault zones (&lt; 100 m in width) that have a single high-strain core, to complex wide fault zones (&gt; 100 m in width) that have multiple anastomosing high-strain cores. As fault zone complexity and width increase the full spectrum of observed widths (20–200 m), coseismic slip becomes more broadly distributed on a greater number of scarps that form wider arrays. Thus, the infinitesimal slip of the surface rupture of a single earthquake strongly replicates many of the fabric elements that were developed during the long-term history of slip on the faults at deeper levels of the seismogenic crust. We find that factors such as protolith, normal stress, and displacement, which control gouge production in laboratory experiments, also affect the architectural complexity of natural faults. Fault zones developed in phyllosilicate-rich metasedimentary gneiss are generally wider and more complex than those developed in quartzo-feldspathic granitoid rocks. We hypothesize that the overall weakness and low strength contrast of faults developed in phyllosilicate rich host rocks leads to strain hardening and formation of broad, multi-stranded fault zones. Fault orientation also strongly affects fault zone complexity, which we find to increase with decreasing fault dip. We attribute this to the higher resolved normal stresses on gently dipping faults assuming a uniform stress field compatible with this extensional tectonic setting. The conditions that permit slip on misoriented surfaces with high normal stress should also produce failure of more optimally oriented slip systems in the fault zone, promoting complex branching and development of multiple high-strain cores. Overall, we find that fault zone architecture need not be strongly affected by differences in the amount of cumulative slip and instead is more strongly controlled by protolith and relative normal stress.
Group cognitive behavioural courses may reduce fatigue from rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Cook Rob , Davidson Peter , Martin Rosie 
Published: March 2020

The studyHewlett S, Almeida C, Ambler N, et al. Reducing arthritis fatigue impact: two-year randomised controlled trial of cognitive behavioural approaches by rheumatology teams (RAFT). Ann Rheum Dis 2019;78:465-72.Hewlett S, Almeida C, Ambler N, et al. Group cognitive behavioural programme to reduce the impact of rheumatoid arthritis fatigue: the RAFT RCT with economic and qualitative evaluations. Health Technol Assess 2019;23:57.This project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme (project number 11/112/01).To read the full NIHR Signal, go to: https://discover.dc.nihr.ac.uk/content/signal-000860/group-cognitive-behavioural-courses-may-reduce-fatigue-from-rheumatoid-arthritis
Outcomes of pancreas transplantation in older diabetic patients
Authors: Montagud-Marrahi Enrique , Molina-Andújar Alicia , Pané Adriana , Ramírez-Bajo Maria José , Amor Antonio , Esmatjes Enric , Ferrer Joana , Musquera Mireia , Diekmann Fritz , Ventura-Aguiar Pedro 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveImprovement in insulin alternatives is leading to a delayed presentation of microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of older (≥50 years) diabetic patients who receive a pancreas transplantation (PT).Research design and methodsWe retrospectively evaluated all 338 PTs performed at our center between 2000 and 2016 (mean follow-up 9.4±4.9 years). Recipient and graft survivals were estimated for up to 10 years after PT. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) before and after PT were included in the analysis.ResultsThirty-nine patients (12%) were ≥50 years old (52.7±2.3 years) at the day of PT, of which 29 received a simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation (SPK) and 10 a pancreas after kidney transplantation (PAK). SPK recipients were first transplants, whereas in the PAK up to 50% were pancreas re-transplantations. Recipient and pancreas graft survivals at 10 years were similar between the group <50 years old and the older group for both SPK and PAK (log-rank p>0.05). The prevalence of MACE prior to PT was similar between both groups (31% vs 29%). Following PT, older recipients presented inferior post-transplant MACE-free survival. In a multivariate regression model, diabetes vintage (HR 1.054, p=0.03) and pre-transplantation MACE (HR 1.98, p=0.011), but not recipient age (HR 1.45, p=0.339), were associated with post-transplant MACE.ConclusionsLong-term survival of older pancreas transplant recipients are similar to younger counterparts. Diabetes vintage, but not age, increased the risk of post-transplantation MACE. These results suggest pancreas transplantation is a valuable treatment alternative to older diabetic patients.
Eligibility criteria for biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in axial spondyloarthritis: going beyond BASDAI
Authors: Marona Jose , Sepriano Alexandre , Rodrigues-Manica Santiago , Pimentel-Santos Fernando , Mourão Ana Filipa , Gouveia Nélia , Branco Jaime Cunha , Santos Helena , Vieira-Sousa Elsa , Vinagre Filipe , Tavares-Costa João , Rovisco João , Bernardes Miguel , Madeira Nathalie , Cruz-Machado Rita , Roque Raquel , Silva Joana Leite , Marques Mary Lucy , Ferreira Raquel Miriam , Ramiro Sofia 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo compare definitions of high disease activity of the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) in selecting patients for treatment with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs).MethodsPatients from Rheumatic Diseases Portuguese Register (Reuma.pt) with a clinical diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) were included. Four subgroups (cross-tabulation between ASDAS (≥2.1) and BASDAI (≥4) definitions of high disease activity) were compared regarding baseline characteristics and response to bDMARDs at 3 and 6 months estimated in multivariable regression models.ResultsOf the 594 patients included, the majority (82%) had both BASDAI≥4 and ASDAS ≥2.1. The frequency of ASDAS ≥2.1, if BASDAI<4 was much larger than the opposite (ie, ASDAS <2.1, if BASDAI≥4): 62% vs 0.8%. Compared to patients fulfilling both definitions, those with ASDAS ≥2.1 only were more likely to be male (77% vs 51%), human leucocyte antigen B27 positive (79% vs 65%) and have a higher C reactive protein (2.9 (SD 3.5) vs 2.1 (2.9)). Among bDMARD-treated patients (n=359), responses across subgroups were globally overlapping, except for the most ‘stringent’ outcomes. Patients captured only by ASDAS responded better compared to patients fulfilling both definitions (eg, ASDAS inactive disease at 3 months: 61% vs 25% and at 6 months: 42% vs 25%).ConclusionThe ASDAS definition of high disease activity is more inclusive than the BASDAI definition in selecting patients with axSpA for bDMARD treatment. The additionally ‘captured’ patients respond better and have higher likelihood of predictors thereof. These results support using ASDAS≥2.1 as a criterion for treatment decisions.
The generalized Klein–Gordon oscillator in the background of cosmic string space-time with a linear potential in the Kaluza–Klein theory
Authors: Ahmed Faizuddin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work, we study the generalized Klein–Gordon oscillator with interactions on a curved background within the Kaluza–Klein theory. We solve the generalized Klein–Gordon oscillator in the cosmic string space-time with a linear scalar potential and obtain the energy eigenvalue and corresponding eigenfunction. We show that the energy spectrum depends on the global parameters characterizing the space-time and the confining potential parameter. We also solve the generalized Klein–Gordon oscillator in a magnetic cosmic string background in the Kaluza–Klein theory with a linear scalar potential and analyze the analogue effect to the Aharonov–Bohm effect for bound states.
The deleterious role of the prostaglandin E2 EP3 receptor in angiotensin II hypertension
Authors: Bryson Timothy D. , Pandrangi Teja S. , Khan Safa Z. , Xu Jiang , Pavlov Tengis S. , Ortiz Pablo A. , Peterson Edward , Harding Pamela 
Published: March 2020

Angiotensin II (ANG II) plays a key role in regulating blood pressure and inflammation. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signals through four different G protein-coupled receptors, eliciting a variety of effects. We reported that activation of the EP3 receptor reduces cardiac contractility. More recently, we have shown that overexpression of the EP4 receptor is protective in a mouse myocardial infarction model. We hypothesize in this study that the relative abundance of EP3 and EP4 receptors is a major determinant of end-organ damage in the diseased heart. Thus EP3 is detrimental to cardiac function and promotes inflammation, whereas antagonism of the EP3 receptor is protective in an ANG II hypertension (HTN) model. To test our hypothesis, male 10- to 12-wk-old C57BL/6 mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and osmotic minipumps containing ANG II were implanted subcutaneously for 2 wk. We found that antagonism of the EP3 receptor using L798,106 significantly attenuated the increase in blood pressure with ANG II infusion. Moreover, antagonism of the EP3 receptor prevented a decline in cardiac function after ANG II treatment. We also found that 10- to 12-wk-old EP3-transgenic mice, which overexpress EP3 in the cardiomyocytes, have worsened cardiac function. In conclusion, activation or overexpression of EP3 exacerbates end-organ damage in ANG II HTN. In contrast, antagonism of the EP3 receptor is beneficial and reduces cardiac dysfunction, inflammation, and HTN. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to show that systemic treatment with an EP3 receptor antagonist (L798,106) attenuates the angiotensin II-induced increase in blood pressure in mice. The results from this project could complement existing hypertension therapies by combining blockade of the EP3 receptor with antihypertensive drugs.
Mismatch Repair–Deficient Rectal Cancer and Resistance to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Cercek Andrea , Dos Santos Fernandes Gustavo , Roxburgh Campbell S. , Ganesh Karuna , Ng Shu , Sanchez-Vega Francisco , Yaeger Rona , Segal Neil H. , Reidy-Lagunes Diane L. , Varghese Anna M. , Markowitz Arnold , Wu Chao , Szeglin Bryan , Sauvé Charles-Etienne Gabriel , Salo-Mullen Erin , Tran Christina , Patel Zalak , Krishnan Asha , Tkachuk Kaitlyn , Nash Garrett M. , Guillem Jose , Paty Philip B. , Shia Jinru , Schultz Nikolaus , Garcia-Aguilar Julio , Diaz Luis A. , Goodman Karyn , Saltz Leonard B. , Weiser Martin R. , Smith J. Joshua , Stadler Zsofia K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurpose:Evaluate response of mismatch repair–deficient (dMMR) rectal cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Experimental Design:dMMR rectal tumors at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (New York, NY) were retrospectively reviewed for characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. Fifty patients with dMMR rectal cancer were identified by IHC and/or microsatellite instability analysis, with initial treatment response compared with a matched MMR-proficient (pMMR) rectal cancer cohort. Germline and somatic mutation analyses were evaluated. Patient-derived dMMR rectal tumoroids were assessed for chemotherapy sensitivity.Results:Of 21 patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (fluorouracil/oxaliplatin), six (29%) had progression of disease. In comparison, no progression was noted in 63 pMMR rectal tumors (P = 0.0001). Rectal cancer dMMR tumoroids reflected this resistance to chemotherapy. No genomic predictors of chemotherapy response were identified. Of 16 patients receiving chemoradiation, 13 (93%) experienced tumor downstaging; one patient had stable disease, comparable with 48 pMMR rectal cancers. Of 13 patients undergoing surgery, 12 (92%) had early-stage disease. Forty-two (84%) of the 50 patients tested positive for Lynch syndrome with enrichment of germline MSH2 and MSH6 mutations when compared with 193 patients with Lynch syndrome–associated colon cancer (MSH2, 57% vs 36%; MSH6, 17% vs 9%; P &lt; 0.003).Conclusions:Over one-fourth of dMMR rectal tumors treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy exhibited disease progression. Conversely, dMMR rectal tumors were sensitive to chemoradiation. MMR status should be performed upfront in all locally advanced rectal tumors with careful monitoring for response on neoadjuvant chemotherapy and genetic testing for Lynch syndrome in patients with dMMR rectal cancer.
Supervised evolutionary programming based technique for multi-DG installation in distribution system
Authors: Firdaus Shaari Muhammad , Musirin Ismail , Mohamad Nazer Muhamad Faliq , Jelani Shahrizal , Jamaludin Farah Adilah , Mansor Mohd Helmi , Kumar A.V.Senthil 
Published: March 2020

<span lang="EN-US">Installing DG in network system, has supported the distribution system to provide the increasing number of consumer demand and load, in order to achieve that this paper presents an efficient and fast converging optimization technique based on a modification of traditional evolutionary programming method for obtain the finest optimal location and power loss in distribution systems. The proposed algorithm that is supervised evolutionary programming is implemented in MATLAB and apply on the 69-bus feeder system in order to minimize the system power loss and obtaining the best optimal location of the distributed generators. </span>
ANN based method for improving gold price forecasting accuracy through modified gradient descent methods
Authors: Verma Shilpa , Thampi G. T. , Rao Madhuri 
Published: March 2020

Forecast of prices of financial assets including gold is of considerable importance for planning the economy. For centuries, people have been holding gold for many important reasons such as smoothening inflation fluctuations, protection from an economic crisis, sound investment etc.. Forecasting of gold prices is therefore an ever important exercise undertaken both by individuals and groups. Various local, global, political, psychological and economic factors make such a forecast a complex problem. Data analysts have been increasingly applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to make such forecasts. In the present work an inter comparison of gold price forecasting in Indian market is first done by employing a few classical Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques, namely Gradient Descent Method (GDM), Resilient Backpropagation method (RP), Scaled Conjugate Gradient method (SCG), Levenberg-Marquardt method (LM), Bayesian Regularization method (BR), One Step Secant method (OSS) and BFGS Quasi Newton method (BFG). Improvement in forecasting accuracy is achieved by proposing and developing a few modified GDM algorithms that incorporate different optimization functions by replacing the standard quadratic error function of classical GDM. Various optimization functions investigated in the present work are Mean median error function (MMD), Cauchy error function (CCY), Minkowski error function (MKW), Log cosh error function (LCH) and Negative logarithmic likelihood function (NLG). Modified algorithms incorporating these optimization functions are referred to here by GDM_MMD, GDM_CCY, GDM_KWK, GDM_LCH and GDM_NLG respectively. Gold price forecasting is then done by employing these algorithms and the results are analysed. The results of our study suggest that the forecasting efficiency improves considerably on applying the modified methods proposed by us.
Ripe for Renegotiation?
Authors: Spector Bertram 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
An international negotiated agreement is typically viewed as a major achievement, but it may not last forever. Sometimes agreements need to be adjusted – still based on the existing formulas – as a result of changed circumstances or because particular provisions prove not as effective as originally hoped. But other times, agreements need to be overhauled from scratch and renegotiated using new formulas and possibly involving new actors. Such renegotiations are an under-examined process in the negotiation literature. When and why are renegotiations called for, and what are the best tactics and strategies to ensure that they succeed for the mutual benefit of all stakeholders? This article presents basic research questions that need to be addressed.
Diplomatic Negotiation at the Crossroads?
Authors: Meerts Paul W. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
While interstate negotiation is becoming more important than ever in guiding the course of world affairs, it is in danger of being weakened as a consequence of the erosion of multilateral diplomacy. Multilateral organizations and cooperation between states has opened new pathways for negotiation, stabilized the world, and served to equalize power distribution. Growing multilateralism has protected negotiation processes and offered smaller powers more of a say in world affairs. However, with the current trend for powerful countries to undermine multilateral negotiation processes in favor of bilateral and minilateral power-based negotiations, global political gaps are widening. This will undermine small countries and middle powers that want to use diplomatic negotiation as their main tool to influence others. The consequence could be a process of diplomatic negotiation used by hegemonic powers to further their interests to the detriment of the less powerful.
Refugees and Religion in Hong Kong: 1945–1960
Authors: Shive Glenn 
Published: March 2020

This article points to the importance of religion for refugees and the migration process. After World War II and civil war in China, many refugees flocked to Hong Kong (HK) for safe haven in the British colony, and possible subsequent migration abroad. Christian congregations in HK, and missionaries who themselves were refugees from China, offered hospitality and support services across refugee groups. They advocated for the colonial government to help settle refugees by building low-cost urban housing, schools, medical clinics and new infrastructure. This new workforce was crucial to HK’s industrialization which took-off in the 1950s. With the decline of HK’s trade economy due to the Cold War embargo of China, many refugees became entrepreneurs-of-necessity by starting family businesses that absorbed migrant labour.
Religiously-inspired assistance to refugees, from within one’s group and beyond, made a big difference in assimilating newcomers and helping them to rebuild their lives in adverse conditions. Beyond Christian responses, the article also explores the role of the Wong Tai Sin Taoist temple in Kowloon, itself uprooted from Guangzhou and replanted in HK. It reassured displaced people with cultural continuity to their ancestor halls and offered psycho-social assistance through spirit-writing divination, herbal medicine and Taoist worship adapted from rural Chinese villages to urban workers struggling to improve their lives and adapt to Hong Kong.
Coastal Sea Salt Chlorine Deposition Linked to Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) Oscillation in French Guiana
Authors: Gobinddass M. L. , Molinie J. , Richard S. , Panechou K. , Jeannot A. , Jean-Louis S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSea salt chloride is a major component of atmospheric aerosol and its behavior is an essential element in determining the climate. Two atmospheric chlorine deposition measurement procedures were performed between 2004 and 2008 by the French Guiana Regional Air Observatory (ORA), in the coastal plain of Sinnamary. The main goal was to determine the background spatial distribution of marine chlorine in order to evaluate the impact of Ariane rocket hydrogen chloride emission. To determine the chlorine concentration level, weekly samples from 10 sites were analyzed. A seasonal pattern was identified. For every site, a high sea salt chlorine deposition level was observed from December to April and a low level from July to October. The ratio of high to low mean chloride concentration RHC/LC shows that just under half of the variation in chlorine deposition can be linked to the variation of sea salt production with low-level wind speed. Equations relating mean sea salt chlorine concentration and the distance to shore were studied, taking into account parameters found in other tropical regions, with a focus on neighboring Brazil. The wind rotation between the two seasons, and the sea salt chlorine loss per kilometer equation found for dry deposition, were used to calculate RHC/LC. It appears that the observed rotation (60°) explains 88% of RHC/LC. Finally, inland sea salt chlorine deposition behavior in this region was linked to intertropical convergence zone oscillation through variations in wind speed and direction.