bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digitalisation, unions and participation: the German case of ‘industry 4.0’
Authors: Haipeter Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article tackles the question of how labour representatives cope with the implementation of ‘Industrie 4.0’ in German manufacturing plants. Digitalisation of manufacturing is going along with challenges for employment, work organisation and working conditions. The article analyses one of the main strategies German unions have developed, the project ‘Work 2020’, which was to raise works councils' awareness of the workplace impact of digitalisation, improve their knowledge of the changes, raise their capacity to respond and, finally, lead to the negotiation of workplace agreements on this issue with employers. The results of the analysis show that a strong interplay between unions and works councils and the activation of works councils by the unions have become indispensable preconditions for coping with the new challenges both of digitalisation and of the ongoing erosion of the German system of labour relations.
A quasi‐linear piezoelectric strain behavior of [001] textured rhombohedral PMN–24%PT ceramic
Authors: Hao Mengmeng , Fan Guifen , Cai Wei , Zhang Qianwei , Zeng Fangfang , Wen Yue , Wang Yanjiong , Chen Xin , Wang Fei , Lou Yihui , Lv Wenzhong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHighly textured (1–x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐xPbTiO3 (PMN–xPT) piezoelectric ceramics were fabricated. It was found that [001] textured rhombohedral PMN–24%PT ceramic exhibited a quasi‐linear piezoelectric strain behavior with low hysteresis. The strain hysteresis of PMN–24%PT ceramic was reduced from 22.5% to 9% at 30 kV/cm using the texture method. Accurate displacement was generated by DC field using textured PMN–24%PT ceramic. The domain configurations in textured PMN–xPT ceramics were figured out using the chemical etching method. It was demonstrated that the quasi‐linear and low‐hysteretic strain behavior was due to a fixed domain configuration. We predict that the textured PMN–24%PT ceramic will facilitate the development of low‐voltage driving piezoelectric actuators with high precision.
Factors that impact fragility index and their visualizations
Authors: Lin Lifeng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRationale aims and objectivesAs the recent literature has growing concerns about research replicability and the misuse and misconception of P‐values, the fragility index (FI) has been an attractive measure to assess the robustness (or fragility) of clinical study results with binary outcomes. It is defined as the minimum number of event status modifications that can alter a study result's statistical significance (or non‐significance). Owing to its intuitive concept, the FI has been applied to assess the fragility of clinical studies of various specialties. However, the FI may be limited in certain settings. As a relatively new measure, more work is needed to examine its properties.MethodsThis article explores several factors that may impact the derivation of the FI, including how event status is modified and the impact of significance levels. Moreover, we propose novel methods to visualize the fragility of a study's result. These factors and methods are illustrated using worked examples of artificial datasets. Randomized controlled trials on antidepressant drugs are also used to evaluate their real‐world performance.ResultsThe FI depends on the treatment arm(s) in which event status is modified, whether the original study result is significant, the statistical method used for calculating the P‐value, and the threshold for determining statistical significance. Also, the proposed visualization methods can clearly demonstrate a study result's fragility, which may be useful supplements to the single value of the FI.ConclusionsOur findings may help clinicians properly use the FI and appraise the reliability of a study's conclusion.
Multicenter survey on mesalamine intolerance in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Hiraoka Sakiko , Fujiwara Akiko , Toyokawa Tatsuya , Higashi Reiji , Moritou Yuki , Takagi Shinjiro , Matsueda Kazuhiro , Suzuki Seiyuu , Miyaike Jiro , Inokuchi Toshihiro , Takahara Masahiro , Kato Jun , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough oral mesalamine is the first‐choice drug for treating mild‐to‐moderate ulcerative colitis (UC), some patients show symptoms of intolerance, including exacerbation of diarrhea and abdominal pain. The present study clarified the current state and clinical courses of patients with mesalamine intolerance.MethodsPatients who were diagnosed with UC and administered oral mesalamine at eight hospitals in Japan with a follow‐up period exceeding 1 year were analyzed.ResultsSixty‐seven (11%) of 633 patients showed intolerance to at least one formulation of oral mesalamine. The frequency of mesalamine intolerance has increased in recent years, rising from 5.3% in 2007–2010 to 9.1% in 2011–2013 and 16.2% in 2014–2016. The most common complications were the exacerbation of diarrhea (n = 29), a fever (n = 25), and abdominal pain (n = 22). Readministration of mesalamine/sulfasalazine was attempted in 43 patients, mostly with other types of formulation of mesalamine, and more than half of these patients proved to be tolerant. The risk factors for mesalamine intolerance were female gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–3.12), age < 60 years old (OR = 2.82; CI, 1.19–8.33), and pancolitis (OR = 2.09; 95% CI, 1.23–3.60). There were no significant differences in the use of anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐α agents, colectomy, or steroid‐free remission at the last visit between patients with and without mesalamine intolerance.ConclusionsMesalamine intolerance is not rare, and its frequency has been increasing recently. The prognosis of patients with mesalamine intolerance did not differ significantly from that of those without intolerance.
Dietary pattern and its association with right‐colonic diverticulosis
Authors: Lim Joo Hyun , Kim Young Sun , Lee Jung Eun , Youn Jiyoung , Chung Goh Eun , Song Ji Hyun , Yang Sun Young , Kim Joo Sung 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimIn East Asia, colonic diverticulosis develops most commonly in the right colon and is known to have different characteristics compared with left‐sided one. This study was designed to investigate whether right‐colonic diverticulosis is associated with posteriori dietary patterns.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical records of prospectively collected cohort that received health check‐up in Korea between May 2011 and January 2012. Their anthropometric data, biochemical results, medication history, underlying diseases, colonoscopic findings, and dietary data obtained from semi‐quantitative food‐frequency questionnaire were analyzed. Three dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis: healthy dietary pattern (vegetables, fish, seaweed, fruits, and beans), meat dietary pattern (red meat, processed meat/fish, fried noodle, poultry, and cephalopods), and snack dietary pattern (bread, sweets, dairy products, nuts, and rice cake).ResultsOut of the total 1911 patients, 203 (10.6%) had right‐colonic diverticulosis, 21 (1.1%) had pan‐colonic diverticulosis, and 12 (0.6%) had left‐colonic diverticulosis. Among the total, none of the three patterns were associated with right‐colonic diverticulosis, under adjustment with age, gender, body mass index, metabolic syndrome, and total energy intake. However, among women, meat dietary pattern was positively associated with right‐colonic diverticulosis (odds ratio 1.866, 95% confidence interval: 1.0983–3.173, P = 0.021).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that meat dietary pattern is positively associated with right‐colonic diverticulosis among women.
Circulating tumour cells in head and neck cancers: Biological insights
Authors: Rao Vishal , Arakeri Gururaj , Subash Anand , Bagadia Ritvi K. , Thakur Shalini , Kudpaje Akshay S. , Nayar Ravi , Patil Shekar , Paiva Fonseca Felipe , Gomez Ricardo S. , Brennan Peter A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTumour metastasis is one of the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) have been implicated in loco‐regional and distant metastasis and its role is being extensively studied in various malignancies, including those from the head and neck region. The main challenge in understanding their significance lies in the rarity of these cells in the blood. However, newer technologies have attempted to overcome these pitfalls. This review explores the evolution of CTC research and other related areas, including its biological significance, sustainability within the circulating vascular environment and possible clinical implications.
Contingent wage subsidy
Authors: Zubrickas Robertas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a policy aimed at tackling unemployment that arises from macroeconomic coordination failure. The policy offers firms wage subsidies payable only if the total number of new hires made across the economy is below a prespecified threshold. Subsidies provide incentives for firms to create jobs but the policy's goal is to generate a sufficiently large amount of employment spillovers to set off hiring complementarities taking employment beyond the threshold. Thus, subsidies are not distributed but the policy achieves a Pareto improvement. The market structure is important for policy design. Aggregative game techniques prove useful for the oligopsonistic case.
Sleep quantity and quality and cardiometabolic risk factors in Indigenous Australians
Authors: Yiallourou Stephanie R. , Maguire Graeme P. , Carrington Melinda J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPoor sleep is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Indigenous Australians have 1.3 times higher risk of CVD compared to non‐indigenous Australians. However, there are limited data describing sleep problems and cardiometabolic risk in this population. This study aimed to investigate sleep quantity and quality in indigenous Australians and assess its association with cardiometabolic risk. Two hundred and forty‐five indigenous Australians aged > 18 years were recruited via convenience sampling from communities in the Northern Territory and Queensland. Sleep quantity and quality was assessed subjectively with questionnaires including the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. In a sub‐population (n = 46), objective sleep assessment was performed over three nights of actigraphy. Cardiometabolic risk measures included glycated haemoglobin, lipids, anthropometric measurements and sitting blood pressure. Sleep duration measured subjectively and objectively averaged 7.5 ± 2.0 hr/night; however, over one‐third of participants (self‐report 35%; actigraphy 39%) obtained < 7 hr/night. Overall, more than a third of participants experienced poor‐quality sleep, with 27% reporting severe daytime sleepiness (ESS score > 10) and a high number of objectively measured awakenings/night (6 ± 4). Short sleep duration (<6 hr/night) measured both subjectively and objectively was an independent predictor of diastolic (β = 5.37, p = .038) and systolic blood pressure (β = 14.30, p = .048). More objectively measured night‐time awakenings were associated with increased glycated haemoglobin levels (β = 0.07, p = .020) and greater sleep fragmentation was associated with lower high‐density lipoprotein levels (β = −0.01, p = .025). A large proportion of indigenous Australians experienced short sleep durations and had significant sleep disruption. Poor sleep quantity and quality may contribute to heightened cardiometabolic risk in this population.
Variability of post‐void residual urine volume and bladder voiding efficiency in patients with underactive bladder
Authors: Yono Makoto , Ito Kazuya , Oyama Megumi , Tanaka Takanori , Irie Shin , Matsukawa Yoshihisa , Sekido Noritoshi , Yoshida Masaki , van Till Olivier , Yamaguchi Osamu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesPost‐void residual urine volume (PVR) and bladder voiding efficiency (BVE) are widely used as clinical parameters to evaluate patients with voiding dysfunction. The present study was conducted to assess the variability of PVR and BVE determinations in patients with underactive bladder (UAB). In addition, we focused on the bladder volume prior to voiding (BVvoid) that may influence PVR and BVE, and investigated a correlation between PVR and BVvoid, and between BVE and BVvoid.MethodsTen patients with a symptom complex of UAB, who had PVR of 50 mL or greater, were admitted to hospital during a 24‐hour period for the measurement of voided volume (VV) and PVR. PVR was measured by transabdominal ultrasonography. BVE was expressed by a fraction (%) of bladder volume evacuated ([VV/BVvoid] × 100).ResultsTen patients, five men (mean age of 65.0 years) and five women (mean age of 70.2 years), participated in this study. Regardless of gender, there was a large variation in repeated measurements of PVR in an individual patient. PVR increased with an increase in BVvoid, and there was a significant linear relationship between PVR and BVvoid. BVE was approximately constant after every voiding in each patient, and there was no significant linear relationship between BVE and BVvoid.ConclusionsMeasurement of PVR was unreliable because of wide variation in the same individual. The variation of BVE was much smaller than PVR. BVE would be a reliable parameter with good reproducibility for the assessment of emptying function.
Gene flow in the anemone Anthopleura elegantissima limits signatures of local adaptation across an extensive geographic range
Authors: Cornwell Brendan H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSpecies inhabiting marine environments face a wide range of environmental conditions that vary spatially across several orders of magnitude. The selective pressures that these conditions impose on marine organisms, in combination with potentially high rates of gene flow between distant populations, make it difficult to predict the extent to which these populations can locally adapt. Here, I identify how selection and gene flow influence the population genetic structure of the anemone Anthopleura elegantissima along the Pacific coast of North America. Isolation by distance is the dominant pattern across the range of this species, with a genetic break near Pt. Conception, CA. Furthermore, demographic modelling suggests that this species was historically confined to southerly latitudes before expanding northward. Outlier analyses identify 24 loci under selection (out of ~1,100), but the same analysis on simulated genetic data generated using the most likely demographic model erroneously identified the same number of loci under selection, if not more. Taken together, these results suggest that demographic processes are the dominant force shaping population genetic patterns in A. elegantissima along the Pacific coast of North America. I discuss these patterns in terms of the evolutionary history of A. elegantissima, the potential for local adaptation, and their consequences with respect to interactions with the endosymbiont Breviolum muscatinei across their geographic range.
Adultery Redefined: Changing Decisions of Equity in Customary Law as “Living Law” in Botswana
Authors: Werbner Pnina , Werbner Richard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdultery judgments in customary courts in Botswana reflect changing everyday practices and normative understandings both with regard to marriage and broader ideas of gender equality. These changed perceptions parallel a worldwide shift in the legal understanding of adultery from being a crime to a civil offense and then, more recently, a non offense. Social change movements and judicial reforms responsive to both regional and international gender and judicial activism have arguably influenced recent judgments in the Botswana High Court regarding adultery. Although the country's customary courts continue to recognize adultery as an offense (known as “breaking the yard”), they too follow customary law as “living law”; that is, they are responsive to considerations of equity and quotidian practices that parallel wider ideologically critical movements, and historical processes of judicial innovation and legal reform elsewhere.
Status of genetic and genomic approaches for delineating biological information and improving aquaculture production of farmed rohu, Labeo rohita (Ham, 1822)
Authors: Rasal Kiran D. , Sundaray Jitendra Kumar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFarmed rohu, Labeo rohita, is an economically important freshwater aquaculture species in south Asia. Consumer preference for this species has driven researchers to develop genetically improved rohu (Jayanti) for important traits such as growth and disease resistance. The feeding and breeding biology of rohu is well‐studied, but the physiological responses to stress or climate change at the molecular level are less understood. We summarized the genetic and advanced molecular tools used for biological insights into farmed rohu. Recently, next‐generation sequencing technology (NGS) and genome informatics have helped to identify biological questions in fish using genome, transcriptome, metagenome, proteome and epigenome sequencing. We briefly reviewed past rohu research using traditional selective breeding methods for genetic improvement, as well as the other molecular tools that have been utilized to understand the fish’s physiology, health, nutrition, stress and reproduction. We discuss the molecular techniques used in rohu, such as gene cloning and expression profiling, DNA markers, NGS, metagenomics, epigenomics, proteomics, cell culture/cell line development and transgenics. Finally, we address the future perspectives of rohu research, which may be driven by NGS and other advanced techniques like genome editing to improve rohu aquaculture production. The comprehensive information presented here will provide insights for the carp aquaculture research community.
‘Participants of the Divine Nature’: The Modern Retrieval of Participation“In Christ” in Paul: Explorations in Paul's Theology of Union and Participation, Michael J.Thate, Kevin J.Vanhoozer and Constantine R.Campbell (eds), Eerdmans, 2018 (ISBN 978‐0‐8028‐7394‐1), x +582 pp., pb $55Participating in Christ: Explorations in Paul's Theology and Spirituality, Michael J.Gorman, Baker Academic, 2019 (ISBN 978‐1‐5409‐6036‐8), xxvi + 296 pp., pb $30Participation in God: A Study in Christian Doctrine and Metaphysics, AndrewDavison, Cambridge University Press, 2019 (ISBN 978‐1‐1084‐8328‐5), xii + 423 pp., hb £75
Authors: Dominiak Paul A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent decades have seen a retrieval of the idea of participation in God as a central locus for the Christian faith across all of its ecclesial traditions. ‘Participation in God’ has two aspects and two registers. It describes the relationship between God and creation and also describes the salvific return of creatures to God as a kind of (re)union with the Creator. These two participatory aspects each have a scriptural register and a philosophical‐theological register. This review article examines what the key claims of participation in God are, why participation aroused suspicion and fell from view, how it has been retrieved in its scriptural and philosophical‐theological registers, and why three recent studies of the idea should be warmly welcomed but cautiously received.
Toward a Theological Reading of Saint John Henry NewmanThe Oxford Handbook of John Henry Newman, Frederick D.Aquino and Benjamin J.King (eds), Oxford University Press, 2018 (ISBN 978‐0‐19‐871828‐4), xvi + 608 pp., hb £110John Henry Newman: A Portrait in Letters, RoderickStrange (ed.), Oxford University Press, 2015 (ISBN 978‐01996‐0414‐2), 608 pp., hb £32.99Essays Critical and Historical: Volume I, John HenryNewman, Gracewing, 2019 (ISBN 978‐0‐85244‐457‐3), lxii + 574 pp., hb £35
Authors: O'Leary Joseph S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractJohn Henry Newman has reached a new pinnacle of his career with his canonization by Pope Francis on October 13, 2019. These books allow us to see how Newman cultivated “the beauty of holiness” from his early youth in steady, intense theological reflection, putting his own personality and biography at the center of his evangelical effort, and eventually becoming a radiant icon for the Church of England and for the Roman Catholic world. A key moment was the publication of the Apologia in 1864, which established him as a beloved, serene Eminent Victorian, dispelling the mockery of the failing “muscular Christians” and the hostility of many former coreligionists he had bruised on his path to Rome. The Oxford Handbook shows how deeply his holiness was indebted to the Evangelical sources his mature church identity covered over: the letters show that sanctity is compatible with thorniness in family and collegial relationships, and Gracewing's annotated reeditions of his works show how sedulously he retrieved and rewrote his earlier literary output. Together they offer a repristinated image of Newman, illuminating in depth his place in intellectual and ecumenical history. Above all, they may herald a new emergence of Newman as theologian, released from the excessive focus on his biography.
Cascading social-ecological costs and benefits triggered by a recovering keystone predator
Authors: Gregr Edward J. , Christensen Villy , Nichol Linda , Martone Rebecca G. , Markel Russell W. , Watson Jane C. , Harley Christopher D. G. , Pakhomov Evgeny A. , Shurin Jonathan B. , Chan Kai M. A. 
Published: June 2020

The benefits of ecosystem restorationHuman activities have fundamentally altered many ecosystems. Recent successful restoration efforts have led to healthier ecosystems, but this has led to a disruption in economies dependent on the altered state of the system. One of the best-known trophic cascades is the sea otter–kelp forest system, wherein recovery of once extirpated sea otters is bringing back biodiverse and healthy kelp forests but reducing the abundance of harvested shellfish. Gregret al.looked at the costs and benefits of this shift and found that for key trade-offs, the value of kelp forest–associated features such as tourism, fin fish fisheries, and carbon capture outweighed the losses to economies (see the Perspective by Estes and Carswell). Thus, ecosystem recovery can benefit both ecosystems and economies.Science, this issue p.1243; see also p.1178
Disordered proteins follow diverse transition paths as they fold and bind to a partner
Authors: Kim Jae-Yeol , Chung Hoi Sung 
Published: June 2020

Shedding light on disordered proteins
Disordered proteins often fold as they bind to a partner protein. There could be many different molecular trajectories between the unbound proteins and the bound complex. Most methods to measure transition paths rely on monitoring a single distance, making it difficult to resolve complex pathways. Kim and Chung used fast three-color single-molecule Foster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to simultaneously probe distance changes between the two ends of an unfolded protein and between each end and a probe on the partner protein. They show that binding can be initiated by diverse conformations and that the molecules are held together by non-native interactions as the disordered protein folds. This allows the association to be diffusion limited because most collisions lead to binding.

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