bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Groundwater from Semi-Arid Zones in the Context of Climate Change, Example of Essaouira Region, Morocco
Authors: Bahir Mohammed , Ouhamdouch Salah , Ouazar Driss , Moçayd Nabil El 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study aims to assess the effect of climate change on water resources in semi-arid environments, taking the Essaouira region as an example. Analysis of climate data shows a downward trend in precipitation of 12 to 16% and an increase in air temperature of 2.3 °C over the past three decades. The piezometric study shows a continuous drop in the piezometric level which exceeds 12 m for the Cenomanian-Turonian aquifer, 17 m for the Plio-Quaternary aquifer, around 8 m for the Barremian-Aptian aquifer and 5 m for the Hauterivian. Hydrogeochemical analysis shows that (i) the groundwater mineralization is controlled by the dissolution of evaporitic and carbonates minerals, by the reverse ions exchange phenomenon, and by the marine intrusion, especially at Plio-Quaternary aquifer; (ii) the groundwater quality in the study area deteriorates gradually over time and space. The isotopic technique shows that (i) the groundwater recharge in the study area is ensured by precipitation of oceanic origin without significant evaporation and that (ii) climate change has no remarkable effect on the isotopic content of the groundwater of the study area. However, the results of this article reflect that the Essaouira basin is very vulnerable to climate change.
Evaluating the Strategies for Orthopedic and Spine Surgeries during COVID-19 Pandemic in India- a Retrospective Analysis of 24 Patients in a Multispecialty Hospital- Are We Heading to a New Normal?
Authors: Modi Hitesh N. , Shrestha Utsab , Desai Yatin J. , Patel Rukesh , Kuvad Vipul , Agarwala Meeta S. , Mehta Chaitasy 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Study Design: Retrospective study.Purpose: To present precautionary measures for the orthopedic and spine surgery patients, operating them as per the protocol and analyze findings that can be implemented in non-urgent surgeries during Covid-19 pandemic. Other aim was to analyze the role of multidisciplinary approach, average hospital stay, additional cost behind investigations and hospital bill to guide the patients.Overview of Literature: The literature mentioned to postpone or delay all non-urgent surgeries related to orthopedic and spine conditions till Covid-19 pandemic continues. However, it is not predicted when will this end. No study focusing to conduct essential but non-urgent orthopedic and spine surgeries during this pandemic. Methods: Between March 11, 2020 and May 8, 2020, information on 24 operated orthopedic and spine surgeries were prospectively collected at our institution. Patients were examined in either designated Flu Clinic or out patient department (OPD) after completing screening protocol for Covid-19. Flu clinic team examined all patients and blood investigations, x-ray chest and additional high resolution CT scan were ordered before admission. Patients with symptoms were investigated with RT-PCR for Covid-19. Standardized protocols using multidisciplinary approach were followed for outpatient clinic, admission, surgery and hospital stay regarding Covid-19. Analysis of patients’ hospital stay, hospital bill, admission time and their results of surgeries were performed.Results: 24 patients were operated for orthopedic and spine surgeries with triage as urgent surgeries. 8 and 16 patients were admitted through flu clinic and OPD, respectively; which caused average admission time 179.4+/-138.5 minutes from presentation to admission. All patients managed orthopedic and spine surgeries with improved VAS from average 8.5+/-0.6 preoperatively to 2.7+/-1.0 postoperatively. There was average increase of 5.4+/-2.4% in the overall cost compared to final bill pertaining to Covid-19 precautionary measures. There was no patient or healthcare worker who developed symptoms related to Covid-19.Conclusions: Surgeries should be conducted during Covid-19 pandemics according to their need either to save lives or to provide improved quality of life. Multidisciplinary approach following strict precautionary measures can make it a new-normal norm for the healthcare providers.
In silico screening of JAK-STAT modulators from the antiviral plants of Indian traditional system of medicine with the potential to inhibit 2019 novel coronavirus
Authors: Khanal Pukar , Duyu Taaza , Patil BM , Dey Yadu Nandan , Pasha Ismail , Kavalapure Rohini S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Aim. The present study was aimed to identify the lead hits from reported anti-viral Indian medicinal plants to modulate the proteins through the JAK-STAT pathway and to identify the proteins that share the domain with coronavirus (COVID19) associated proteins i.e. 3CLpro, PLpro, and spike protein. Methods. The reported anti-viral plants were screened from the available databases and published literature; their phytoconstituents were retrieved, gene-expression was predicted and the modulated proteins in JAK-STAT pathway were predicted. The interaction between proteins was evaluated using STRING and the network between phytoconstituents and proteins was constructed using Cytoscape. The druglikeness score was predicted using MolSoft and the ADMET profile of phytoconstituents was evaluated using admetSAR2.0. The domain of three proteins i.e. 3CLpro, PLpro, and spike protein of coronavirus was compared using NCBI blastP against the RCSB database. Results. The majority of the phytoconstituents from the anti-viral plants were predicted to target TRAF5 protein in the JAK-STAT pathway; among them, vitexilactone was predicted to possess the highest druglikeness score. Proteins targeted in the JAK-STAT pathways were also predicted to modulate the immune system. Similarly, the docking study identified sesaminol 2-O-β-D-gentiobioside to possess the highest binding affinity with spike protein. Similarly, phylogeny comparison also identified the common protein domains with other stains of microbes like murine hepatitis virus strain A59, avian infectious bronchitis virus, and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus CV777. Conclusion. Although, the present study is based on computer simulations and database mining, it provides two important aspects in identifying the lead hits against coronavirus. First, targeting the JAK-STAT pathway in the corona-infected host by folk anti-viral agents can regulate the immune system which would inhibit spreading the virus inside the subject. Secondly, the well-known targets of coronavirus i.e. 3CLpro, PLpro, and spike protein share some common domains with other proteins of different microbial strains.
Research and Graduate Training as a Basis for Promoting Rapid Change in Traditional Agriculture
Authors: Rohweder D. A. , Kussow W. R. , Ludwick A. E. , Drolsom P. N. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTPrior to 1964, the Faculty of Agronomy (Agriculture) and Veterinary Medicine in the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil fulfilled its defined role and trained students only to the B. S. degree level. The faculty lacked staff and facilities for conduct of relevant research and was unable to respond to the needs of agriculture in the surrounding region. Today the faculty is effectively training students to the M. S. degree level, has an active problem‐oriented research program that attracts considerable outside research support, has upgraded its staff and those of regional agricultural agencies, and is in a position of leadership in the agricultural development of the region. Keys to these rapid changes have been the implementation of intensive, interdisciplinary research programs and on‐site graduate‐level education supplemented by the Ph. D. training abroad. As a result of the changes, the Faculty is now graduating young men knowledgeable in the agricultural problems of the region and in modern agricultural technology generated by adaptive research. These two elements‐skilled manpower and locally derived research information—have proven to be major prerequisites to rapid development of agriculture in southern Brazil.
The Learning Environment—A Graduate Student's View
Authors: Reetz Harold F. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe student is the most important element of the learning environment. His attitudes and personal goals condition his response to instruction. To be successful he must learn how to think, where to get information, and how to keep up with current literature. A good learning environment emphasizes the development of these skills.A survey of graduate students was conducted at Purdue University and the University of Illinois to supplement my personal opinions. Students listed poor organization and lack of preparation as the most common faults of their instructors. They encouraged the increased use of informal, organized discussions of current research. Good library facilities and a strong professional staff were considered essential for a good learning environment.The responsibilities of the student and the instructor and the role of the physical environment must be carried beyond the classroom for complete analysis. Independent, original thinking by the student can be encouraged by providing more opportunities for nonclassroom learning experiences. Informal contacts with staff members, knowledge of current research, and awareness of the unanswered questions in various fields can enhance the student's desire to learn by giving relevance to course work.
Relating Soil Science Teaching to Land Use Planning
Authors: Beatty M. T. , Lee G. B. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTIntroducing soil science into the diversified disciplines concerned with land use and land management planning requires both modification of traditional introductory soil science courses and development of new courses, workshops, and seminars. A shift from a disciplinary to a problem‐oriented focus appears desirable in some cases. Because of the limited opportunities for planners to become familiar with soil science during their degree programs, a strong program of continuing education in soil science is essential for optimum long‐term interaction between soil scientists and planners.
The Agronomy Seminar—Boring or Stimulating
Authors: Teare I. D. , Powers W. L. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTThe seminar goal of training students to organize, illustrate, and present papers in a manner acceptable for professional meetings is presented. Suggestions are made on how to prepare slide copy, how much equipment is needed, the importance of knowing how to introduce a speaker, the value of an abstract and reference sheet, and obligations of a major professor to a student.
Locating water distribution reservoirs in rural Andean areas: a methodological approach
Authors: Abarca Nadya Lizeth Serrano , da Silva Welitom Ttatom Pereira 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study aimed to present a methodology for locating water distribution reservoirs in rural Andean areas (isolated areas, low-income population, mountainous region). The research methodology consisted of the following steps: (1) description of the problem; (2) development of the DR location protocol; (3) obtaining an algorithm; (4) calibration and adjustment; and (5) application. The obtained algorithm was based on the classification and overlapping operations of five-parameter maps (pressure limits – pressure in the water supply system from 5 to 40 mH2O; supply by gravity – guarantee of gravity as energy for water movement; accessibility – use of unprotected areas or with restricted occupation; stability, greater distance from geological fault; and, proximity to population concentration, shorter distance between population centres). The overlapping of these parameters enabled us to identify a region of candidate points and select the best location point for the reservoir. The algorithm was applied to a real case indicating satisfactory results. A methodology for locating water distribution reservoirs in rural areas that have important economic constraints, difficult access (mountainous region) and high geospatial dispersion was found. Improvements in methodological steps can still be considered, for example, forecasting the use of pressure control devices in the water supply system.
Disseminated TB in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Nezhad Malihe Hassan , Ganadan Alireza , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Abadi Fatemeh Nili Ahmad , Manshadi Seyed Ali Dehghan , Salehi Mohammad Reza , Ghiasvand Fereshte , Khatami Seyedeh Rana 
Published: May 2020

Background::
Tuberculosis considered as a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium
tuberculosis, may invade all organs but mainly affects the lungs. Overall, disseminated
TB is rare in immunocompetent patients and its association with seborrheic keratosis has never
been reported.

Case Presentation:
We reported a 54-year-old man with a complaint prolonged fever, abdominal
pain, weight loss and lymphadenopathy without any immunosuppression who was eventually treated
based on the diagnosis of diffuse tuberculosis.
Evaluation of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) Therapeutic Results in Patients With Unilateral cryptorchidism (Undescended Testis)
Authors: Sharifiaghdas Farzaneh , Sharifiaghdas Sepideh , Maleki Esmaeil R. , Narouie Behzad , Shikhzadeh Abdolsamad , Mehrabi Sarvenaz 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Cryptorchidism or undescended testis is an evolutionary defect where one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum. HCG causes the testes to fail, possibly due to weight gain, an increase in testicular vasculature, and stimulating the testosterone and di-hydro-testosterone. The present study has been conducted to evaluate the therapeutic effects of HCG on patients with unilateral cryptorchidism.

Methods:
In a prospective descriptive study, 211 patients of 8 months to 7 years old with unilateral cryptorchidism whose parents refused surgery received HCG therapy. The patients were followed up 1 month, 3months, and 12 months after the first injection. They were examined in terms of the location of testes, possible relapses, sides of undescended testes, treatment complications, and HCG therapeutic results.

Results:
Four weeks after the first injection, 160 patients (75.12%) out of 211 cases had the descent of testes into the inguinal canal and the scrotum. 69.5% of non-palpable abdominal testes descended into the inguinal canal, 69.7% of patients with inguinal testes, 78% of patients with supra inguinal testes and 100% of patients with retractile testis experienced the descent of testes into the scrotum.

Conclusion:
The therapeutic response to HCG was successful in more than 50% of the cases in all the groups. Therefore, the need for performing surgical procedures on children with unilateral cryptorchidism would be decreased and they can be treated by a cost-effective and less invasive method. Moreover, at least one-year follow-up of the patients is required to ensure outcomes of the treatment.
Pediatric Dentists’ Educational Experiences, Attitudes, and Professional Behavior Concerning Resin Infiltration: Implications for Dental Education
Authors: Halcomb Michael Jordan , Inglehart Marita R. , Karl Elisabeta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMinimally invasive dentistry (MID) is receiving increased attention. Resin infiltration (RI) is one micro‐invasive technique for treating initial caries by sealing white spot lesions on tooth surfaces. The aims of this study were to assess pediatric dentists’ RI‐related educational experiences, attitudes, and professional behavior and to determine if their educational experiences were significantly related to their professional attitudes and behavior regarding RI. This cross‐sectional study used an online survey to collect data from members of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) in March‐April 2017. Of the 2,367 AAPD members invited to participate, 43 emails could not be delivered, and 273 surveys were completed, for a response rate of 11.8%. While only 9% of the 273 respondents reported that their classroom‐based dental education had informed them about RI and only 1% that it had prepared them well to use RI with pediatric patients, higher percentages said they had been informed/prepared well by their classroom‐based (24%) and clinical residency education (12%). The majority wanted to learn more about RI (71%) and would like to take a related CE course (59%). The respondents’ average RI‐related attitudes were positive (on five‐point scale with 1=worst attitude: Mean=3.84). Regarding use of RI, 28% of respondents said they used RI sometimes and 4% often/very often, with 64% considering implementing RI in their clinics. Graduation year did not correlate with RI attitudes and use. However, the more education about RI the respondents had received during their residency (r=0.20; p<0.01) and in professional development after graduation (r=0.34; p<0.001), the more they used RI in their own work. This study found that the pediatric dentists’ RI‐related education was positively correlated with their professional behavior. Increasing predoctoral, resident, and continuing professional education about RI should therefore be considered.
CBCT in Advanced Dental Education: A Survey of U.S. Postdoctoral Periodontics Programs
Authors: Beals Douglas W. , Parashar Vijay , Francis John R. , Agostini Gina M. , Gill Amanda 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHistorically, predoctoral and advanced dental education programs used two‐dimensional panoramic and periapical radiographs for implant planning. Three‐dimensional (3D) Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging has improved visualization of anatomic structures that can positively influence implant planning and surgical implant placement. The aim of this study was to assess how U.S. postdoctoral periodontics programs have incorporated CBCT technology into their curricula. A ten‐question survey was sent to all 57 U.S. postdoctoral periodontics programs in November‐December 2018. Thirty‐seven responses were received, for a 65% response rate. All participating programs reported providing residents access to CBCT machines, and most of their residents received some training in the acquisition and interpretation of CBCT images. Nearly all (95%) participating programs provided training to apply implant planning software. Among the participating programs, 14% reported using a surgical guide fabricated with a CBCT scan 76‐100% of the time, and 60% reported obtaining a CBCT scan for implant cases 76‐100% of the time. These results suggest that, while residents are receiving training in CBCT and implant planning, it is not used often. There may be merit in adopting the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology's recommendation to use 3D imaging for all implant planning, with CBCT as the imaging modality of choice.
Dental Faculty, Student, and Alumni Perceptions of Happiness and Life Satisfaction in Dental School: Foundations for Resilience and Well‐Being
Authors: Fountain Anita Chu , Roberts Eugenia P. , Schuster Gregory , Breitmeyer Angela M. , Stein Amy Buros 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study examined happiness and satisfaction as possible foundations for long‐term well‐being and resilience in dental education. Psychological research has found that respect, camaraderie, and trust help define well‐being and that resilience is built with these supportive influences. The aims of this study were to assess if happiness and life satisfaction reported by one U.S. dental school's faculty, students, and alumni also enhanced their perceived well‐being and resilience and to determine the factor that most affected the participants’ happiness. Email and hard copy surveys were distributed in 2018 and 2019 to all 71 full‐time preclinical and clinical faculty members, 572 students in all four years, and 143 alumni who graduated in 2018 (total N = 786). Overall, 471 responded; response rates by group were as follows: faculty 87.3% (N = 62), students 65.9% (N = 377), and graduates 22.4% (N = 32). Of the three groups, responding faculty members reported having the highest levels of happiness in life (92.0%) and job satisfaction (90.3%). In the highest percentage reported, 90.2% of D4 students reported that the level of trust and respect they received from clinical faculty members contributed most to their happiness. The lowest level of happiness among the groups (71.0%) was reported by the D2 students. These results suggested that perceived well‐being translated to happiness among the participants in our study. More research is needed to understand the relationship among positive environments, well‐being, and provider resilience in dental education.
Examining the Preferred Learning Styles of U.S. Dental Students with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Salter Reginald O. , Akagi Cynthia G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAs the number of students with recognized learning disabilities who are pursuing higher education increases, strategies for success become important. The aim of this mixed‐methods study was to gather from U.S. dental students with learning disabilities information about their preferred learning styles and strategies to achieve the objectives of their academic programs. Data were collected in 2018 from a sample of 11 dental students who were members of the National Dental Association. Data collection was done with the Kolb's Learning Style Index (LSI) version 3.1 and a six‐item, open‐ended questionnaire. The results showed that assimilated learning was the most common learning style of these students in the preclinical and clinical phases, as measured by the LSI v. 3.1. The majority of the students believed their style of learning had not changed from the preclinical to the clinical phase of their education. Participants perceived that learning was best accomplished by adapting to the professor's teaching style, but they reported positive benefits of having accommodations in the classroom including extended testing time, recorded lectures, and transcribed notes. This study demonstrated that students with learning disabilities were pursuing dental careers and they preferred certain types of educational methodologies. These findings suggest that dental schools would do well to continue to welcome students with learning disabilities and accommodate their learning needs.
Attributes of Effective Clinical Teachers in Dental Hygiene Education
Authors: Artim Dayna E. , Smallidge Dianne , Boyd Linda D. , August Jessica N. , Vineyard Jared 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMany health professions have identified characteristics of an effective clinical instructor and used this information to create tools to measure clinical teaching effectiveness (CTE) in their disciplines. However, minimal research has been conducted to explore the attributes of an effective clinical instructor in dental hygiene education. The aim of this study was to identify the attributes of dental hygiene clinical instructors associated with effective teaching. This study used a Delphi research design to iteratively survey an expert panel of 14 dental hygiene instructors in dental hygiene programs from 13 U.S. states in 2019. A cumulative overall response rate of 89.3% was achieved after conducting three survey rounds. The results showed statistically significant consensus on 91 CTE characteristics. Participants agreed that effective clinical instructors should possess the ability to clearly communicate, foster interpersonal relationships, encourage a climate of mutual respect, and act as good role models who are emotionally intelligent, caring, trustworthy, fair, honest, and supportive. There was also agreement that effective clinical instructors were those who created a safe learning environment centered on collaboration, motivation, guidance, and positive corrective feedback. These results were similar to those identified in other health professions. However, there is a need for dental hygiene education to develop its own CTE assessment tool for use in professional development.