bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Something old, something new: Historical perspectives provide lessons for blue growth agendas
Authors: Caswell Bryony A. , Klein Emily S. , Alleway Heidi K. , Ball Johnathan E. , Botero Julián , Cardinale Massimiliano , Eero Margit , Engelhard Georg H. , Fortibuoni Tomaso , Giraldo Ana‐Judith , Hentati‐Sundberg Jonas , Jones Peter , Kittinger John N. , Krause Gesche , Lajus Dmitry L. , Lajus Julia , Lau Sally C.Y. , Lescrauwaet Ann‐Katrien , MacKenzie Brian R. , McKenzie Matthew , Ojaveer Henn , Pandolfi John M. , Raicevich Saša , Russell Bayden D. , Sundelöf Andreas , Thorpe Robert B. , zu Ermgassen Philine S.E. , Thurstan Ruth H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe concept of “blue growth,” which aims to promote the growth of ocean economies while holistically managing marine socioecological systems, is emerging within national and international marine policy. The concept is often promoted as being novel; however, we show that historical analogies exist that can provide insights for contemporary planning and implementation of blue growth. Using a case‐study approach based on expert knowledge, we identified 20 historical fisheries or aquaculture examples from 13 countries, spanning the last 40–800 years, that we contend embody blue growth concepts. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that blue growth has been investigated across such broad spatial and temporal scales. The past societies managed to balance exploitation with equitable access, ecological integrity and/or economic growth for varying periods of time. Four main trajectories existed that led to the success or failure of blue growth. Success was linked to equitable rather than open access, innovation and management that was responsive, holistic and based on scientific knowledge and monitoring. The inability to achieve or maintain blue growth resulted from failures to address limits to industry growth and/or anticipate the impacts of adverse extrinsic events and drivers (e.g. changes in international markets, war), the prioritization of short‐term gains over long‐term sustainability, and loss of supporting systems. Fourteen cross‐cutting lessons and 10 recommendations were derived that can improve understanding and implementation of blue growth. Despite the contemporary literature broadly supporting our findings, these recommendations are not adequately addressed by agendas seeking to realize blue growth.
Reverse protein engineering of a novel 4‐domain copper nitrite reductase reveals functional regulation by protein–protein interaction
Authors: Sasaki Daisuke , Watanabe Tatiana F. , Eady Robert R. , Garratt Richard C. , Antonyuk Svetlana V. , Hasnain S. Samar 
Published: April 2020

Cu‐containing nitrite reductases that convert NO2‐ to NO are critical enzymes in nitrogen‐based energy metabolism. Among organisms in the order Rhizobiales, we have identified two copies of nirK, one encoding a new class of 4‐domain CuNiR that has both cytochrome and cupredoxin domains fused at the N terminus and the other, a classical 2‐domain CuNiR (Br2DNiR). We report the first enzymatic studies of a novel 4‐domain CuNiR from Bradyrhizobium sp. ORS 375 (BrNiR), its genetically engineered 3‐ and 2‐domain variants, and Br2DNiR revealing up to ~ 500‐fold difference in catalytic efficiency in comparison with classical 2‐domain CuNiRs. Contrary to the expectation that tethering would enhance electron delivery by restricting the conformational search by having a self‐contained donor–acceptor system, we demonstrate that 4‐domain BrNiR utilizes N‐terminal tethering for downregulating enzymatic activity instead. Both Br2DNiR and an engineered 2‐domain variant of BrNiR (Δ(Cytc‐Cup) BrNiR) have 3 to 5% NiR activity compared to the well‐characterized 2‐domain CuNiRs from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans (AxNiR) and Achromobacter cycloclastes (AcNiR). Structural comparison of Δ(Cytc‐Cup) BrNiR and Br2DNiR with classical 2‐domain AxNiR and AcNiR reveals structural differences of the proton transfer pathway that could be responsible for the lowering of activity. Our study provides insights into unique structural and functional characteristics of naturally occurring 4‐domain CuNiR and its engineered 3‐ and 2‐domain variants. The reverse protein engineering approach utilized here has shed light onto the broader question of the evolution of transient encounter complexes and tethered electron transfer complexes.EnzymeCopper‐containing nitrite reductase (CuNiR) (EC 1.7.2.1).DatabaseThe atomic coordinate and structure factor of Δ(Cytc‐Cup) BrNiR and Br2DNiR have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (http://www.rcsb.org/) under the accession code 6THE and 6THF, respectively.
Economic aspirations connected to innovations in carbon capture and utilization value chains
Authors: Naims Henriette 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInternational authorities are increasingly recognizing that utilizing the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from various industries can assist strategies for mitigating climate change. In developing novel carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies they aspire to contribute to circular economy targets and reduce consumption of fossil‐based raw materials. However, the potential economic effects of CCU on industrial value chains remain unclear. Hence, this study investigates the economic expectations placed on those actors currently conducting research and development (R&D) in CCU. The aspired levels of economic performance are identified through a systematic literature review of 19 policy advice reports and 15 scientific papers. Qualitative directed content analysis is conducted, based on an R&D input–output–outcome system. First, we identify three relevant groups of value chain actors by clustering industrial sectors: (a) equipment manufacturers, (b) high‐emitting producers, and (c) producers of materials and fuels. Then, we derive a criteria list from the review. Finally, the analysis reveals how CCU innovations are anticipated to impact different industries: Equipment manufacturers could contribute to economic growth. For high‐emitting producers, CCU provides one option for “surviving” sustainability transitions. Meanwhile, material and fuel producers need to act as “problem solvers” by offering competitive ways of utilizing CO2. We conclude by identifying research gaps that should be addressed to better understand the economic and social dimensions of CCU and to increase the chances of such innovations contributing to broader sustainability transformations of industrial and energy systems.
Do we have enough natural sand for low‐carbon infrastructure?
Authors: Ioannidou Dimitra , Sonnemann Guido , Suh Sangwon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlobal low‐carbon transition demands the development of large‐scale infrastructure, which is sand intensive. Natural sand is widely considered abundant, whereas recent research has pointed out the increasing risk of supply shortage in a number of world regions. In the current research, we examine the implication of future sand demand in the context of low‐carbon infrastructure development. We mapped the projected investments on buildings and low‐carbon infrastructure up to 2030 and estimated the sand intensity of the two types of construction. We translated these investments and sand intensity to country‐specific sand‐demand projections under three economic development scenarios. Our results indicate that China is expected to face the highest sand demand, followed by India, and that should the current sand extraction rates and construction practices be maintained, developing countries will be exposed to a significant supply risk of construction sand. Under the scenario of sustainable growth, developed economies are expected to have a relatively stable sand demand whereas South‐East Asia and Africa will see a rapid increase in their sand demand over the next 15 years. Our results call regional sand supply security into attention in low‐carbon transition planning.
Fetal bone development in the lowland paca (Cuniculus paca, Rodentia, Cuniculidae) determined using ultrasonography
Authors: da Silva Gessiane Pereira , Monteiro Frederico Ozanan Barros , Pereira Thyago Habner de Souza , de Matos Sandy Estefany Rodrigues , dos Santos de Andrade Rafael , El Bizri Hani Rocha , Coutinho Leandro Nassar , Valsecchi João , López-Plana Carlos , Mayor Pedro 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStudying the timing of the main events of embryonic and fetal development may clarify the strategies adopted by species to maximize neonatal survival and the consequences of these events for their life history. This study describes bone development during the fetal phase of the lowland paca (Cuniculus paca), comparing it with other precocial or altricial species, and its relationship with the species’ adaptive strategies. A total of 102 embryos/fetuses obtained over the course of 17 years through collaboration with local subsistence hunters in the Amazon were analyzed. Measurements of mineralization of the axial and appendicular skeletons were performed by ultrasonography using a 10–18‐MHz linear transducer. The chronological order of occurrence of mineralization in relation to the total dorsal length (TDL) was: skull (TDL = 4.1 cm); vertebral bodies (TDL = 4.6 cm); scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, ilium, ischium, femur, tibia, and fibula (TDL = 6.7 cm); ribs (TDL = 7.8 cm); clavicle (TDL = 8.5 cm); metacarpi/metatarsi (TDL = 11 cm); phalanges (TDL = 15 cm); tarsus (TDL = 18 cm); patella (TDL = 23 cm); and carpus (TDL = 27.2 cm). Secondary ossification centers first appeared in the femoral distal epiphysis (TDL = 16.6 cm) and tibial proximal epiphysis (TDL = 18.4 cm). Advanced fetuses (TDL > 30 cm, 97% gestational period) presented mineralization in all primary and most secondary centers. Compared to other species, paca neonates have a well‐developed skeletal system at birth, which is important for their independent postnatal locomotion. Our results may contribute to the monitoring of bone development in other wild species, helping us to understand their life history, and serving as parameters for comparisons between precocial and altricial mammals.
Influence of microwave heating as accelerated aging on physicochemical, texture, pasting properties, and microstructure in brown rice of selected Indian rice varieties
Authors: Devraj Lavanya , Natarajan Venkatachalapathy , Vadakkeppulpara Ramachandran Sinija , Manicakam Loganathan , Sarvanan Shanmugasundaram 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMost of the population does not prefer to consume brown rice because of its strong nutty and chewy texture imparted by bran and germ. The present study has been undertaken to investigate the influence of accelerated aging through microwave (MW) heating at a lower and higher MW power levels of 950 and 1,400 W for 72 and 91 s to observe the changes in physicochemical, texture, pasting properties, sensory attributes, and microstructure of selected rice varieties (Sona masuri and RNR‐15048) stored as brown rice for 6 months. The results revealed a significant decrease in moisture, amylose, free fatty acids (FFAs) with changes in color (L*,a*, andb* values) in both the varieties treated at 1,400 W for 91 s. An increase in kernel elongation ratio, water uptake, and a decrease in cooking time and solid loss was noted in both the varieties. After cooking, the texture of both the varieties showed an increase in hardness with reduced stickiness at both lower and higher MW power levels of 950 W for 72 s and 1,400 W for 91 s compared to untreated brown rice with an improved porous structure when observed under SEM analyzer followed by better water absorption and organoleptic properties after cooking. The reduction in final viscosity has been noted in both the varieties at 1,400 W for 91 s due to the binding of FFA with starch. Thus, the MW power level of 950 W for 72 s and 1,400 W for 91 s showed the better results for short‐grain varieties like Sona masuri and RNR‐15048 stored as brown rice.
Coexisting violence and self‐harm: Dual harm in an early‐stage male prison population
Authors: Slade Karen , Forrester Andrew , Baguley Thom 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis study examined the characteristics of men in prison who have a history of both self‐harm and violence (known as dual harm) and the extent to which demographic and criminogenic factors, in‐prison incidents, and self‐harm method could differentiate men who dual harm.MethodsOfficial prison sample data were examined for the period April 2010 to November 2017 (n = 965). Regression analysis of all custodial incidents, demographic and offending information, and imprisonment experience, was undertaken.ResultsSelf‐harm was associated with violence in prison, representing a 3.5‐fold risk of violence compared with men who did not self‐harm, after controlling for time in prison, age, and index offence. 60% of men who harmed themselves also engaged in custodial violence, while 32% who were violent also had a self‐harm event. After controlling for age at first incident, 11% of the sample had custodial history of dual harm and they accounted for 56% of all recorded custodial incidents. They had a high probability of property damage and fire setting in prison and spent 40% longer in custody. Men who dual harmed used a greater variety of self‐harm methods, with increased use of lethal methods.ConclusionDual harm is prevalent, particularly among those who harm themselves in prison. Men who dual harm contribute excessively to the overall incident burden in prison and demonstrate behavioural variability and risk regarding both violence and self‐harm. The findings challenge the usual distinctive management responses or that self‐harm or violence is solely the responsibility of health or justice, with greater integration required.
Ynt is the primary nickel import system used by Proteus mirabilis and specifically contributes to fitness by supplying nickel for urease activity
Authors: Brauer Aimee L. , Learman Brian S. , Armbruster Chelsie E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractProteus mirabilis is a Gram‐negative uropathogen and frequent cause of catheter‐associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). One important virulence factor is its urease enzyme, which requires nickel to be catalytically active. It is, therefore, hypothesized that nickel import is critical for P. mirabilis urease activity and pathogenesis during infection. P. mirabilis strain HI4320 encodes two putative nickel import systems, designated Nik and Ynt. By disrupting the substrate‐binding proteins from each import system (nikA and yntA), we show that Ynt is the primary nickel importer, while Nik only compensates for loss of Ynt at high nickel concentrations. We further demonstrate that these are the only binding proteins capable of importing nickel for incorporation into the urease enzyme. Loss of either nickel‐binding protein results in a significant fitness defect in a murine model of CAUTI, but YntA is more crucial as the yntA mutant was significantly outcompeted by the nikA mutant. Furthermore, despite the importance of nickel transport for hydrogenase activity, the sole contribution of yntA and nikA to virulence is due to their role in urease activity, as neither mutant exhibited a fitness defect when disrupted in a urease‐negative background.
Live‐cell fluorescence imaging reveals dynamic production and loss of bacterial flagella
Authors: Zhuang Xiang‐Yu , Guo Shihao , Li Zhuoran , Zhao Ziyi , Kojima Seiji , Homma Michio , Wang Pengyuan , Lo Chien‐Jung , Bai Fan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBacterial flagella are nanomachines that drive bacteria motility and taxis in response to environmental changes. Whether flagella are permanent cell structures and, if not, the circumstances and timing of their production and loss during the bacterial life cycle remain poorly understood. Here we used the single polar flagellum of Vibrio alginolyticus as our model and implementing in vivo fluorescence imaging revealed that the percentage of flagellated bacteria (PFB) in a population varies substantially across different growth phases. In the early‐exponential phase, the PFB increases rapidly through the widespread production of flagella. In the mid‐exponential phase, the PFB peaks at around 76% and the partitioning of flagella between the daughter cells are 1:1 and strictly at the old poles. After entering the stationary phase, the PFB starts to decline, mainly because daughter cells stop making new flagella after cell division. Interestingly, we observed that bacteria can actively abandon flagella after prolonged stationary culturing, though cell division has long been suspended. Further experimental investigations confirmed that flagella were ejected in V. alginolyticus, starting from breakage in the rod. Our results highlight the dynamic production and loss of flagella during the bacterial life cycle.ImportanceFlagella motility is critical for many bacterial species. The bacterial flagellum is made up of about 20 different types of proteins in its final structure and can be self‐assembled. The current understanding of the lifetime and durability of bacterial flagella is very limited. In the present study, we monitored Vibrio alginolyticus flagellar assembly and loss by in vivo fluorescence labeling, and found that the percentage of flagellated bacteria varies substantially across different growth phases. The production of flagella was synchronized with cell growth but stopped when cells entered the stationary phase. Surprisingly, we observed that bacteria can actively abandon flagella after prolonged stationary culturing, as well as in the low glucose buffering medium. We then confirmed the ejection of flagella in V. alginolyticus started with breakage of the rod. Our results highlight the dynamic production and loss of flagella during the bacterial life cycle.
The Association of Psychosocial Factors and Exercise‐Induced Hypoalgesia in Healthy People and People With Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Munneke Wouter , Ickmans Kelly , Voogt Lennard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundExercise, a cornerstone in current treatments for people with musculoskeletal pain, elicits a phenomenon called exercise‐induced hypoalgesia (EIH), which may result in reduced pain intensity and/or increased pain thresholds. However, EIH can be impaired in patients with musculoskeletal pain, and psychosocial factors may play a mediating role in EIH.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to systematically review the scientific literature regarding the association between psychosocial factors and EIH in healthy people and people with musculoskeletal pain.MethodsAn extensive search in databases including Medline Ovid, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO Ovid, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) EBSCOhost was carried out. Two reviewers independently carried out study selection, data extraction, and critical appraisal. Included studies analyzed the association or effect of psychosocial factors on EIH in adults with or without musculoskeletal pain.ResultsNine cross‐sectional studies were included, 6 involving healthy people and 4 involving people with musculoskeletal pain; 1 study included both. Overall risk of bias was high. Different types of exercise bouts, psychosocial factors, and/or outcome measures were used across studies. In healthy people and people with musculoskeletal pain, most studies did not find an association between psychosocial factors and EIH. However, 1 study involving musculoskeletal pain and 2 studies with healthy people did find a significant association.ConclusionDue to poor quality and heterogeneity between studies, no conclusions can be drawn regarding whether psychosocial factors are associated with EIH or not. This review includes recommendations and directions for further research to investigate the role of psychosocial factors on EIH.
Blood transfusions in mass casualty events: recent trends
Authors: Ramsey Glenn 
Published: April 2020

Background and objectivesThe US AABB disaster task force recommends estimating 3 RBC units per admission (UPA) for mass casualty events (MCEs). In a previous analysis, median MCE UPA were 2·7 RBCs, 1·2 plasmas and 0·27 platelet doses (Vox Sang 2017; 112:648). Additional recent data were sought from the current era of balanced massive transfusion protocols (bMTPs).Materials and methodsPublications in English from 1980 to 2020 were reviewed for MCEs using ≥50 RBCs/event and with numbers of admissions available. MCE reports were stratified by era and event‐wide or trauma‐centre source. The bMTP era included all MCEs since 2010 plus a 2008 bMTP military report. Statistics: Mann–Whitney test.ResultsThirty‐two MCEs met analysis criteria. Event‐wide reports used medians [interquartile ranges] of 1·8 [1·2–3·9] RBC, 0·6 [0·3–0·9] plasma and 0·14 [0·06–0·26] platelet‐dose UPA. Trauma centres transfused 3·4 [2·7–6·3] RBC, 2·4 [1·3–4·1] plasma and 0·41 [0·34–0·50] platelet‐dose UPA, all P < 0·05 vs event‐wide. Same‐event median post‐day‐1 transfusions were 50% of day‐1 use for RBC, 28% for plasma and 16% for platelets. Compared to prior years, the median plasma/RBC transfusion ratio rose from 0·28 to 0·67 in the bMTP era (P < 0·01). In recent mass shootings, trauma centres transfused up to 42 platelets (range 0·45–0·57 UPA) on day 1.ConclusionBased on available mass casualty data, we recommend planning for 3 RBC, 1 plasma and one‐fourth platelet‐dose units per admission for blood centres (event‐wide), and 6, 4 and one‐half UPA, respectively, for trauma centres, which have seen rising plasma usage and large mass‐shooting platelet needs.
Analysis of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Canadian SCWR Fuel Assembly Concept
Authors: Nava Domínguez A. , Rao Y. F. , Beuthe T. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Canada is participating in the Generation IV (Gen IV) International Forum with a main focus on the pressure-tube-type supercritical water-cooled reactor (SCWR) concept. The subchannel code ASSERT-PV modified for SCWR applications was used to design the SCWR fuel assembly, specifically the fuel bundle. Several assumptions were required to model the fuel assembly, including the perfect insulation of (i) the central flow tube (i.e., no heat transfer through the central tube) and (ii) the pressure tube (i.e., no heat loss to the moderator). These two assumptions were considered as conservative, but they were not analyzed or assessed for their validity or accuracy. ASSERT-PV was upgraded to model the heat loss to the moderator, and an external CATHENA system code model was coupled to ASSERT-PV to model the heat transfer to the central flow tube. This paper describes these additional heat transfer components, and presents an assessment of these two assumptions for their impact on the prediction of maximum fuel cladding temperature.
Explaining spreadsheets with spreadsheets (short paper)
Authors: Cunha Jácome , Dan Mihai , Erwig Martin , Fedorin Danila , Grejuc Alex 
Published: April 2020

Based on the concept of explanation sheets, we present an approach to make spreadsheets easier to understand and thus easier to use and maintain. We identify the notion of explanation soundness and show that explanation sheets which conform to simple rules of formula coverage provide sound explanations. We also present a practical evaluation of explanation sheets based on samples drawn from widely used spreadsheet corpora and based on a small user study.
In addition to supporting spreadsheet understanding and maintenance, our work on explanation sheets has also uncovered several general principles of explanation languages that can help guide the design of explanations for other programming and domain-specific languages.