bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oxidoreductases: Significance for Humans and Microorganism
Authors: Mahdi Kareem Hussein 
Published: October 2020

Oxidoreductases consist of a large class of enzymes catalyzing the transfer of electrons from an electron donor (reductant) to an electron acceptor (oxidant) molecule. Since so many chemical and biochemical transformations comprise oxidation/reduction processes, it has long been an important goal in biotechnology to develop practical biocatalytic applications of oxidoreductases. During the past few years, significant breakthrough has been made in the development of oxidoreductase-based diagnostic tests and improved biosensors, and the design of innovative systems for the regeneration of essential coenzymes. Research on the construction of bioreactors for pollutants biodegradation and biomass processing, and the development of oxidoreductase-based approaches for synthesis of polymers and functionalized organic substrates have made great progress. Proper names of oxidoreductases are in a form of “donor:acceptor oxidoreductase”; while in most cases “donor dehydrogenase” is much more common. Common names also sometimes appeared as “acceptor reductase”, such as NAD+ reductase. “Donor oxidase” is a special case when O2 serves as the acceptor. In biochemical reactions, the redox reactions are sometimes more difficult to observe, such as this reaction from glycolysis: Pi + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD+ → NADH + H+ + 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, where NAD+ is the oxidant (electron acceptor), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate functions as reductant (electron donor).
Kronik
Authors: Meile Jakob Kyril 
Published: October 2020

KRONIKKEN fortæller om det forgangne kvartal på Det Kongelige Bibliotek: Begivenheder, foredrag, udstillinger, koncerter, erhvervelser m.m. Indhold: Læsesal Vest renoveret; Nordisk teaterkonference i København; Fjernlån & ISO; Sig det med LEGO!; Kattegat-øerne set fra luften; Udstillinger; 1864; Årets Bedste Bogarbejde 2013; Bladtegnermuseet; International Forfatterscene; Salman Rushdie; Jazzfestival i Diamanten; Erhvervelser; BogForum 2014;
Carl Nielsens Sange
Authors: Krabbe Niels 
Published: October 2020

Til brug for Carl Nielsen Året 2015 – i anledning af 150-året for komponistens fødsel, som fejres både i Danmark og i udlandet ved en lang række begivenheder som koncerter, symposier, pressefremstød og udgivelser – har Det Kongelige Bibliotek i samarbejde med pladeselskabet Dacapo produceret og udgivet cd’en The Unknown Carl Nielsen. Danish Songs in English i et usædvanligt stort oplag til brug for promoveringen og markedsføringen af Carl Nielsen i udlandet ved bl.a. disse begivenheder.
Titlen hentyder til, at som sangkomponist er Carl Nielsen i sagens natur nok relativt ukendt uden for Danmarks grænser, idet hans melodier og korsatser til danske digteres sange og salmer over 400 år jo altovervejende er skrevet til danske tekster, der hidtil kun sporadisk er oversat til engelsk.
I Carl Nielsen Udgaven, Serie III, bind 7, der udkom i 2009, findes imidlertid en total oversættelse til engelsk af alle de sang- og salmetekster, 296 i alt, som Carl Nielsen skrev sine melodier til – altså den hidtil mest omfattende sangantologi af danske sange på engelsk – oversat og gendigtet af Holger Scheibel og Stuart Henney. Af disse har professor Niels Krabbe udvalgt 26 og skrevet en indføring, “Nielsen and the Danish Singing Tradition”, som bringes her i dansk oversættelse.
Kronik
Authors: Meile Jakob Kyril 
Published: October 2020

KRONIKKEN fortæller om det forgangne kvartal på Det Kongelige Bibliotek: Begivenheder, foredrag, udstillinger, koncerter, erhvervelser m.m.
Indhold: Årets historiske bog: Morten Møller (f. 1978) modtog prisen Årets historiske Bog for sin bog Ellen & Adam; EU-projektet ”Collaboration to Clarify the Costs of Curation”; “Danmark set fra Luften – før Google”; Seminarer; Seminarer; De unge og de tunge; International Forfatterscene; Fernisering; Koncerter; Udstillinger.
Martin and Luther: The Reformer and his Name-Saint
Authors: WALSH MARTIN W. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Although born on the Vigil of the Feast of Saint Martin of Tours and given that saint's name at baptism, Luther had very little truck with his name-saint, whether during his early career as monk and theologian or in his years as the vanguard of the Reformation. Indeed, it would seem he honored Saint George more than Saint Martin. The power of Martin's name and of the iconic image of his sharing his mantle with a beggar, however, would not be ignored by Luther's followers or by his opponents. This paper examines the intersection of the image of Saint Martin with the career of the great Reformer focusing on such events as the Leipzig Debate of 1519 and examples from the polemical literature, such as Thomas Murner's The Great Lutheran Fool. Moreover, in the development of anecdotal “Luther lore” after his death we find a general rapprochement of Luther commemorations with the traditional German celebration of a carnivalesque Martinmas. If Luther largely ignored his name-saint, present day Lutheranism embraces the Bishop of Tours, as evidenced by its numerous church dedications and images of Saint Martin's Charity.
Interfacing TTL and CMOS Logic Levels in the Laboratory
Authors: DOBBS HOWARD A. , POLIK WILLIAM F. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Interconnectivity of electrical components, such as triggers and detectors, is intrinsic to operating time-sensitive experiments. As labs become more digitized, equipment integration and compatibility become larger factors in experimental setups. Complications can arise when instruments with different signal levels, or logic levels, are integrated because each instrument requires its own particular input signal, with a specific threshold voltage, to function. When incorrect logic levels are used or the delays in conversion are too long, these instruments are not properly triggered and the experiment becomes inoperable. To perform multi-component, time-sensitive experiments, a logic-level converter with minimal time delays is necessary. Commercial solutions, however, are not viable when the nature of the experiment is highly time-sensitive, such as in laser spectroscopy, because the delay on the signal conversion is several hundred nanoseconds and would result in missed events. In this paper, three different logic-level converter circuits are presented for conversion between the TTL and CMOS logic levels, the most commonly used logic levels in experimental applications, based on the concept of an emitter follower design that only produces a delay in the tens of nanoseconds. Circuits were developed for conversion from CMOS to TTL, from TTL to CMOS, and a TTL buffer circuit. These circuits allow for inter-conversion between the two most common logic families, TTL and CMOS, as well as buffering weak signals, to offer a simple, low-cost solution to synchronization in time-sensitive experimental setups.
Ever Smaller
Authors: Ereditato Antonio 
Published: October 2020

Ideas, theories, experiments, and unanswered questions in particle physics, explained (with anecdotes) for the general reader.
The elementary particles of matter hold the secrets of Nature together with the fundamental forces. In Ever Smaller, neutrino physicist Antonio Ereditato describes the amazing discoveries of the “particle revolution,” explaining ideas, theories, experiments, and unanswered questions in particle physics in a way that is accessible (and enjoyable) for the general reader. Ereditato shows us that physics is not the exclusive territory of scientists in white lab coats exclaiming “Eureka” but that its revelations can be appreciated by any reader curious about the mysteries of the universe.
Ereditato's overview takes us through a century of particle physics, from the discovery of the components of the atom through an endless procession of subatomic particles—the pion, the muon, the quarks, the bosons, and the mysterious, ubiquitous neutrino (Ereditato's chosen specialty)—interweaving the history of these discoveries with basic explanations of the physics itself as well as the technology behind the discoveries. He considers the particle physicist's impulse to pursue the “ever smaller”—to divide matter into ever more minuscule parts, until reaching the elementary constituents of the universe; explains how Nature likes symmetries; describes the workings of particle accelerators and detectors; demonstrates how to distinguish between three identical quarks; and warns that the ugliest experimental data are more important than the most beautiful theory. With Ever Smaller, Ereditato invites readers to join him in appreciating the beauty of the microcosm.
Insect pollination is important in a smallholder bean farming system
Authors: Elisante Filemon , Ndakidemi Patrick , Arnold Sarah E.J. , Belmain Steven R. , Gurr Geoff M. , Darbyshire Iain , Xie Gang , Stevenson Philip C. 
Published: October 2020

Background
Many crops are dependent on pollination by insects. Habitat management in agricultural landscapes can support pollinator services and even augment crop production. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important legume for the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in many low-income countries, particularly so in East Africa. While this crop is autogamous, it is frequently visited by pollinating insects that could improve yields. However, the value of pollination services to common beans (Kariasii) yield is not known.

Methods
We carried out pollinator-exclusion experiments to determine the contribution of insect pollinators to bean yields. We also carried out a fluorescent-dye experiment to evaluate the role of field margins as refuge for flower-visitors.

Results
Significantly higher yields, based on pods per plant and seeds per pod, were recorded from open-pollinated and hand-pollinated flowers compared to plants from which pollinators had been excluded indicating that flower visitors contribute significantly to bean yields. Similarly, open and hand-pollinated plants recorded the highest mean seed weight. Extrapolation of yield data to field scale indicated a potential increase per hectare from 681 kg in self-pollinated beans to 1,478 kg in open-pollinated beans indicating that flower visitors contributed significantly to crop yield of beans. Our marking study indicated that flower-visiting insects including bees, flies and lepidopterans moved from the field margin flowers into the bean crop. Overall, these results show that insect pollinators are important for optimising bean yields and an important food security consideration on smallholder farms. Field margin vegetation also provides habitat for flower-visiting insects that pollinate beans. Hence, non-crop habitats merit further research focusing on establishing which field margin species are most important and their capacity to support other ecosystem services such as natural pest regulation or even pests.
Construction and analysis of macrophage infiltration related circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chen Yuhan , Li Yalin , Zheng Guanglei , Zhou Peitao 
Published: October 2020

Background
Macrophage play a crucial role in regulating tumor progression. This study intended to investigate the circular RNA (circRNA) regulatory network associated with macrophage infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods
The immune cell fractions of HCC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium were calculated by Estimation of the Proportion of Immune and Cancer cells algorithm. The differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), microRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) were identified from HCC and adjacent non-tumor cases of TCGA or Gene Expression Omnibus database. The DEmRNAs related to macrophage were selected by weighted gene co-expression network analysis and then utilized to generate the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. A hub circRNA regulatory network was established based on the co-expressed DEmiRNAs and DEmRNAs owning contrary correlation with the clinical characteristics, survival and macrophage infiltration level. A gene signature based on the DEmRNAs in hub network was also generated for further evaluation. The circRNA binding bite for miRNA was detected by luciferase assay.

Results
High macrophage fraction predicted good survival for HCC. A circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed by 27 macrophage related DEmRNAs, 21 DEmiRNAs, and 15 DEcircRNAs. Among this network, the expression of hsa-miR-139-5p was negatively correlated with CDCA8, KPNA2, PRC1 or TOP2A. Hsa-miR-139-5p low or targeted DEmRNA high expression was associated with low macrophage infiltration, high grade, advanced stage and poor prognosis of HCC. Additionally, the risk score generated by 4-DEmRNA signature could reflect the macrophage infiltration status and function as an independent prognostic factor for HCC. Finally, hsa_circ_0007456 acting on hsa-miR-139-5p related network was viewed as the hub circRNA regulatory network. Taken together, some circRNA regulatory networks may be associated with macrophage infiltration, which provides clues for mechanism study and therapeutic strategies of HCC.
Nutritional and Physico-Chemical Evaluation of Four Different Packed Mango Juice Samples
Authors: N. Patil Pandurang , Quititi Noora K. Al- , Jabri Siham M. Al- , Siyabi Bothaina A. Al- 
Published: October 2020

Aim: To analyze mango fruit juice samples for their nutritional value. Mango fruit is perishable in nature and cannot be stored for long time. It can be made available during off season, by processing in to juices, jams, squashes, nectars, chutney, pickles, toffees and canned mango slices etc.
Study Design: Different physico chemical and elemental parameters were studied for four different made tetra packed mango juice samples available in local market.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Applied Sciences, Chemistry section, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Muscat, Oman. The study was performed during the January 2016 – July 2016.
Methodology: Different parameters were studied such as pH, conductivity, acidity, ash content, vitamin C, moisture and some mineral contents. Some chemical and instrumental methods were used for analysis.
Results: pH was found to be in the range of 3.17 – 3.97, conductivity 0.941 – 1.053 MS/cm, sugar found in the range of 13 – 15 0brix, density was found 0.939 – 1.015 g/cm3, water 65.25 – 67%, ash was found to be in the range of 0.059 – 0.099%, total acidity found 0.173 – 0.275 %. Vitamin C was found in the range of 24.8 – 67.3 mg/100 ml, potassium 6.6 – 94, sodium 6 – 69 mg/100 ml, calcium 0 – 105 mg/100 ml and iron was found to be in the range of 1.375 – 2.145 mg/100 ml.
Conclusion: Based upon result obtained found that content of all selected samples were contains labelled nutrients. Sample STMJ was having remarkable good amount of Vitamin C while sample ARMJ found good amount of potassium and iron content. In acidic perspective sample PMJ was higher acidic and ARMJ sample less acidic in nature.
Determinants of Banks’ Financial Stability in Kenya Commercial Banks
Authors: Koskei Loice 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The collapse of several banks in Kenya followed by a possibility of acquisition of struggling banks led to bank runs in Kenya causing customers to withdraw their deposits from stressed banks and taking them to financially stable banks.
Aim of the Research: The paper investigated the determinants of Bank’s stability as proxied by asset quality in the Kenyan banking sector.
Data Collection: Monthly secondary data spanning from the period January 2015 to December 2019 was collected from central Bank of Kenya and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics.
Methodology: A multiple regression model with the help of SPSS statistical software was employed to address the objective of this study.
Main Results: The multiple regression model results indicated that liquidity ratio; inflation rate and lending rate results presented a negative but statistically significant relationship with banking stability indicating that a decrease in liquidity ratio, inflation rate and lending rates affect banking stability respectively. The results for loan growth and return on equity exhibited a positive but statistically significant relationship with banking stability indicating that an increase in growth of loans and returns on equity diminishes and enhances banking stability in Kenya respectively. Exchange rate results had a positive and statistically insignificant relationship with banking stability implying that exchange rate does not affect banking stability. Return on assets and public debt results indicated a negative and statistically insignificant relationship with banking stability implying that return on assets and a country’s public debt has no effect on banking stability respectively.
Recommendation: Banking financial stability is fundamental in reducing the far-reaching social and economic effect that could occur due to challenges facing the banking industry. The study recommends adoption of policies that minimize the negative effect of microeconomic and macroeconomic factors in the banking industry in Kenya.
Effect of Experimental Variables on the Malting Performance of Nigerian Maize Oba Super 2 Variety
Authors: Agbo A. O. , Odibo F. J. C. , Mbachu A. E. 
Published: October 2020

Background: The Nigerian cultivar, Oba Super 2 (OS2) maize is inexpensive but under- utilized owing to poor development of malting technology for brewing.
Aim: To study the effects of experimental variables on the malting performance of Nigerian maize Oba Super 2 variety.
Study Design: Exploratory.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria, between March, 2018 to September, 2019.
Methodology: Certified Oba Super 2 maize variety was obtained from Premier Seed Limited, Zaria. The grain sample was malted at varying steeping (S) period (S30, S36 and S42 hours), different germination (G) period (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days) and varying kilning (K) temperatures (45, 50 and 55°C) to determine the malting performance. The properties of the un-malted and malted maize were determined using standard methods. Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P < 0.05.
Results: The malting loss (ML) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) at different steeping period, on the fifth day of germination (G5). The cold water extract (CWE) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) on the fourth day of germination (G4) kilned at K50. The values for hot water extract (HWE) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) on the G4 at K45, K55 and K50, respectively, while free alpha amino nitrogen (FAN) values were significantly higher (P < 0.05) on the G4, all kilned at K50. The values for diastatic power (DP) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) on the G5, kilned at K50, while the cold water soluble protein (CWS-P) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) on the G3 kilned at K50.
Conclusion: The results indicated that longer steeping and germination periods as well as moderate kilning temperature contributed maximally in improving the malting properties and high extract yields.
Mechanisms of Phorbol Ester Toxicity, Determined by Molecular Modelling
Authors: Wakandigara A. , Nhamo L. R. M. , Kugara J. , Mushonga P. 
Published: October 2020

Phorbol esters are toxic phytochemicals, whose main biological target is protein kinase C. They bind irreversibly to the protein, causing cell damage. Using computer modelling, we have determined, for the first time, features and mechanisms that lead to the toxicity of phorbol esters.
Protein kinase C – delta (PKC-δ) was used as a target protein in computational docking studies with phorbol esters that differ in molecular structure. Binding conformations and stability of ester linkages were analyzed to evaluate their relationship with experimental observations. Results show that an active phorbol ester must exhibit two features: interaction with specific amino acid residues at the binding site and covering the area with a hydrophobic surface. Toxicity of an active phorbol ester is inversely proportional to the intrinsic reactivity of the ester linkage. Phorbol esters bearing free acid chains can directly activate PKC-δ but jatropha phorbol esters are restricted by their acid-moiety ring formations, suggesting similar mechanism of interaction with other phorbol-ester protein targets.
Effect of Hair Straightening Treatment on Porosity and Cysteic Acid Content of Hair
Authors: Sedik Hadeer M. , Gheida Shereen F. , Ibrahim Wafaa M. , Doghaim Noha N. 
Published: October 2020

Background: Chemical straightening has increased in popularity because of its durability over thermal straightening and because it gives the hair a natural smooth, shiny look, more styling options for a longer time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of damage that occur to the hair after chemical straightener treatment by assessing the change in hair porosity and hair cysteic acid content before and after straightener treatment.
Methods: Forty hair samples were collected from female volunteers; each sample was divided into 2 groups; group A (before straightening) and group B (after straightening). Hair samples were washed then blow dried after that hair straightener was applied for 30 min then flat iron was done, hair samples were washed and blow dried. Each group was subjected to test their porosity and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy examination to assess cysteic acid content.
Results: Hair porosity showed significant increase after straitening. Cysteic acid and disulfide content showed insignificant difference between both groups.
Conclusion: Hair straighteners may cause great damage to hair internal structures. So, proper choice of the material used and assessing the hair characters before straightening is necessary.
Enhancing Long‐Term Thermal Stability of Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells Using Self‐Assembly Amphiphilic Dendritic Block Copolymer Interlayers
Authors: Su Li‐Yun , Huang Hsin‐Hsiang , Lin Yan‐Cheng , Chen Guan‐Lin , Chen Wen‐Chang , Chen Wei , Wang Leeyih , Chueh Chu‐Chen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHerein, interfacial engineering is demonstrated to improve the thermal stability of non‐fullerene bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) OPVs to a practical level. An amphiphilic dendritic block copolymer (DBC) is developed through a facile coupling method and employed as the surface modifier of ZnO electron‐transporting layer in inverted OPVs. Besides showing distinct self‐assembly behavior, the synthesized DBC possesses high compatibility with plasmonic gold nanoparticles (NPs) due to the constituent malonamide and ethylene oxide units. The hybrid DBC@AuNPs interlayer is shown to improve device's performance from 14.0% to 15.4% because it enables better energy‐level alignment and improves interfacial compatibility at the ZnO/BHJ interface. Moreover, the DBC@AuNPs interlayer not only improves the interfacial thermal stability at the ZnO/BHJ interface but also endows a more ideal BHJ morphology with an enhanced thermal robustness. The derived device reserves 77% of initial PCE after thermal aging at 65 °C for 3000 h and yields an extended T80 lifetime of >1100 h when stored at a constant thermal condition at 65 °C, outperforming the control device. Finally, the device is evaluated to possess a T80 lifetime of over 1.79 years at room temperature (298 K) when stored in an inert condition, showing great potential for commercialization.