bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the classification ability of filtering hydrocyclone
Authors: Lamskova M I , Filimonov M I , Novikov A E , Borodychev C V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The construction of a hydrocyclone with the filtering side surface drain pipe has been developed, which allows increasing the water purification rates from mechanical impurities, including by capturing the smallest suspensions. As a result of experimental research of the effect of the flow characteristics and size of the sand pipe on the classification ability of the apparatus, the technological and construction parameters of the PH-100 hydrocyclone with various versions of the drain pipe, providing maximum efficiency of water purification from mechanical impurities, have been established. Graphoanalytic solution of the obtained regression equations has allowed us to establish that a hydrocyclone with a solid side surface drain pipe provides the maximum degree of water purification from mechanical impurities at the level of 85.4% at a flow rate of 6.5 m3 / h and a diameter of 12 mm sand pipe. Replacing the standard construction drain pipe with a filtering side surface drain pipe increases the integral degree of water purification from mechanical impurities to 96.4% with the same flow parameters and the diameter of the sand pipe.
Automation of the process of selecting hyperparameters for artificial neural networks for processing retrospective text information
Authors: Rogachev A F , Melikhova E V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Neural network technologies are successfully used in solving problems from various areas of the economy - industry, agriculture, medicine. The problems of substantiating the choice of architecture and hyperparameters of artificial neural networks (ins) aimed at solving various classes of applied problems are caused by the need to improve the quality and speed of deep ins training. Various methods of optimizing ins hyperparameters are known, for example, using genetic algorithms, but this requires writing additional software. To optimize the process of selecting hyperparameters, Google research has developed the KerasTuner Toolkit, which is a user-friendly platform for automated search for optimal hyperparameter combinations. In the described Kerastuner Toolkit, you can use random search, Bayesian optimization, or Hyperband methods. In numerical experiments, 14 hyperparameters varied: the number of blocks of convolutional layers and their forming filters, the type of activation functions, the parameters of the «dropout» regulatory layers, and others. The studied tools demonstrated high optimization efficiency while simultaneously varying more than a dozen parameters of the convolutional network, while the calculation time on the Colaboratory platform for the studied INM architectures was several hours, even with the use of GPU graphics accelerators. For ins focused on processing and recognizing text information in natural language (NLP), the recognition quality has been improved to 83-92%.
Design of high-bandwidth, low-voltage and low-loss hybrid lithium niobate electro-optic modulators
Authors: Weigel Peter O , Valdez Forrest , Zhao Jie , Li Huiyan , Mookherjea Shayan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe past decade has seen significant growth in the field of thin film lithium niobate electro-optic modulators, which promise reduced voltage requirements and higher modulation bandwidths on a potentially integrated platform. This article discusses the state-of-the-art in thin film modulator technology and presents a simplified simulation technique for quickly optimizing a hybrid silicon- or silicon nitride-lithium niobate modulator. Also discussed are the feasibility of creating a 1 V half-wave voltage, 100 GHz bandwidth modulator, and the design specifications for a single hybrid silicon-lithium niobate platform optimized to operate across all telecommunication bands (between 1260 and 1675 nm wavelengths).
Dyadic appraisal and coping with illness among older Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a qualitative study
Authors: Tu Jiong , Liu Yuyang , Wu Xueji , Xu Dong , Liao Jing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Diabetes management permeates patients’ daily routines and interacts with their living context. Less is known about how older Chinese couples view their supportive roles and the allocation of the management responsibility between them.

Objectives
To explore dyadic appraisal, coping and the barriers to diabetes management shared by older Chinese couples.

Methods
A qualitative study of older couples where at least one partner had type 2 diabetes mellitus was implemented in four communities of Guangzhou, China. Four focus groups containing 11 couples, and ten in-depth interviews with individual couples were conducted sequentially. All of the data were coded with Nvivo 11 using thematic analysis.

Results
The majority of the older couples interviewed appraised diabetes as a shared problem, taking part in monitoring and altering each other’s health status and behaviour. Limited knowledge and a lack of accurate information about diabetes negatively impacted the patients’ self-management and their spouse’s ability to support them. A female dominated-care pattern was evident that female spouses, regardless of their health status, were actively involved in or fully responsible for managing their husband’s health. Older couples’ management practices were also shaped by family responsibilities and their living environment.

Conclusions
Our study provides first-hand evidence of older Chinese couples’ daily interactions and the main barriers to diabetes management. It is vital to provide health education directly to older couples to empower them to access adequate mutual support when managing chronic diseases.
Design and Implementation of the Puerto Rico Observational Study of Psychosocial, Environmental, and Chronic Disease Trends (PROSPECT)
Authors: Mattei Josiemer , Tucker Katherine L , Falcón Luis M , Ríos-Bedoya Carlos F , Kaplan Robert M , O’Neill H June , Tamez Martha , Mendoza Sigrid , Díaz-Álvarez Claudia B , Orozco Jonathan E , Acosta Pérez Edna , Rodríguez-Orengo José F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Puerto Rico Observational Study of Psychosocial, Environmental, and Chronic Disease Trends (PROSPECT) is a prospective cohort study in Puerto Rico (PR) aiming to identify trends and longitudinal associations in risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). In 2019, PROSPECT investigators started recruiting a sample of 2,000 adults aged 30–75 years in PR using multistage probabilistic sampling of households and community approaches. Culturally sensitive trained research assistants assess participants, at baseline and at 2-year follow-up, in private rooms at a network of partner clinics. The study collects comprehensive data on demographic factors, socioeconomic and environmental factors, medical history, health conditions, lifestyle behaviors, psychosocial status, and biomarkers of CVD and stress. PROSPECT will estimate the prevalence and incidence of psychosocial, lifestyle, and biological CVD risk factors, describe variations in risk factors by urbanicity (urban areas vs. rural areas) and exposure (before and after) to natural disasters, and determine predictors of longitudinal changes in CVD risk factors. The study has 4 coordinated operational strategies: 1) research productivity (including synergy with existing epidemiologic cohorts of Hispanics/Latinos for comparison); 2) research infrastructure (biorepository, ancillary studies, and clinical research network); 3) capacity-building, education, and training; and 4) community outreach, dissemination, and policy. PROSPECT will inform public health priorities to help reduce CVD in PR.
Impact of Mineralocorticoid Receptor and Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Antagonism on Blood Pressure Regulation in Obese Zucker Rats: Role of Sex Differences
Authors: do Carmo Jussara M , da Silva Alexandre A , Hall John E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Previous studies suggest that obesity-induced hypertension in females, but not males, is due to leptin-mediated stimulation of aldosterone secretion and subsequent activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Although angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonism lowers blood pressure (BP) in male obese Zucker rats (OZR), which have defective leptin signaling, the potential role of sex differences in BP responses to renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockade, including MR antagonism, in obesity is still unclear. We tested the cardiovascular effects of MR antagonism, alone or in combination with AT1R blockade in male and female OZR (n = 5/sex) and lean Zucker rats (n = 7/sex).

Methods
BP and heart rate (HR) were measured by telemetry 24 hour/day. After a 6-day control period, spironolactone (40 mg/kg/day) was given for 10 days followed by a 7-day combined treatment with losartan (20 mg/kg/day), and followed by 6-day post-treatment recovery period.

Results
Compared with lean rats, OZR were hypertensive (mean arterial pressure: 115 ± 4 vs. 104 ± 2 and 111 ± 1 vs. 100 ± 3 mm Hg for males and females) and had lower HR (355 ± 9 vs. 393 ± 7 and 367 ± 10 vs. 412 ± 13 bpm). MR blockade alone did not alter BP or HR in lean or obese male and female Zucker rats, whereas combined treatment reduced BP in obese and lean rats by 31 ± 3 vs. 21 ± 1 and 8 ± 1 vs. 5 ± 1 mm Hg in males and females, respectively. No changes were observed in HR.

Conclusions
These results suggest that there are important sex differences in BP responses to chronic AT1R blockade but no major involvement of MR activation in BP regulation in OZR.
Multidimensional Structure of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Factorial Validity and Reliability in Patients With Anxiety and Mood Disorders in Lithuania
Authors: Gecaite-Stonciene Julija , Steibliene Vesta , Fineberg Naomi Anne , Podlipskyte Aurelija , Bunevicius Adomas , Liaugaudaite Vilma , Juskiene Alicja , Mickuviene Narseta , Burkauskas Julius 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aims
The current study aimed to evaluate the factorial structure of the Lithuanian version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in patients with anxiety and mood disorders (AMD).

Methods
The AUDIT was completed by 199 consecutive outpatients with AMD (21% men, mean age 39 ± 12 years), as defined by AMD criteria in DSM-5. The MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used for current diagnosis of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Sociodemographic and clinical data were also collected.

Results
In patients with AMD, the AUDIT showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.88) and good psychometric characteristics for identifying current AUD at a cut-off value of ≥9 (positive predictive value = 83.7%, sensitivity = 94.7%, specificity = 95.7%). The confirmatory factor analysis suggested a three-factor (‘consumption’, ‘dependence’ and ‘related consequences’) structure and indicated adequate fit to the model (comparative fit index = 0.966, normed fit index = 0.936, root mean square error of approximation = 0.072).

Conclusions
The findings are in line with increasing evidence suggesting that the AUDIT measures three separate factors related to alcohol misuse level of consumption, dependence and alcohol-related consequences and support the utility of AUDIT as a screening instrument for AUD in AMD patients in Lithuania.
Psychological Stressors Predicting Increased Drinking During the COVID-19 Crisis: A Longitudinal National Survey Study of Workers in Finland
Authors: Oksanen Atte , Savolainen Iina , Savela Nina , Oksa Reetta 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Aims
The global crisis caused by the outbreak of a novel coronavirus rapidly increased working remotely in many countries. The aim of this study was to analyze psychological stressors predicting increased drinking during the COVID-19 crisis. Also, individual and socio-demographic differences were analyzed.

Methods
A nationally representative sample of Finnish workers (N = 1308) was collected before the crisis in September–October 2019 and 82.02% of them responded to a follow-up survey conducted in March–April 2020. Increased drinking was the outcome variable and it was measured with the AUDIT-C before and during the COVID-19 crisis. Predictors measured before the crisis included cyberbullying victimization at work, psychological distress, burnout and work climate. Additional measures included personality factors, socio-demographic factors and occupational information.

Results
One-fourth of Finnish workers (25.37%) reported increased drinking during the COVID-19 crisis. Cyberbullying victimization at work and psychological distress before the crisis predicted increased drinking during the crisis. Conscientious workers and those working in educational and health and welfare sectors were less likely to increase drinking, while increased drinking was most common among workers under 30 years of age.

Conclusions
Psychological stressors are risk factors for increased drinking in unusual times such as the COVID-19 crisis. Cyberbullying victimization at work and psychological distress were found as major risk factors. The results suggest that preventive work should be done at workplaces. This is particularly important if alcohol consumption is used as a means of coping during a stressful time.
The costs of being a good dad: egg-carrying and clutch size impair locomotor performance in male midwife toads (Alytes obstetricans)
Authors: Lange Léa , Bégué Lauriane , Brischoux François , Lourdais Olivier 
Published: October 2020

AbstractParental care is widespread across the animal kingdom. Parental behaviours are beneficial by increasing offspring survival but induce significant costs to the parents. Because parental care is far more common in females, the associated reproductive costs have been largely studied in this sex. Although male parental care is likely to involve significant costs, it has been markedly less well investigated. We studied the costs of egg-carrying on locomotor performance in an amphibian species (Alytes obstetricans) with male parental care. We examined complementary parameters including hopping performance, righting response, hindleg muscle response to egg burden, and homing time in males carrying or not carrying eggs. We found that carrying males showed altered locomotor performance for most traits. In addition, alteration of performance was closely related to relative clutch size. Clutch desertion occurred in smaller individuals carrying larger relative clutch mass, and performance after desertion was similar to that of non-reproductive individuals. Overall, our study demonstrates that carrying eggs significantly alters male mobility and that performance–clutch size trade-offs are relevant in understanding the evolution of paternal care.
A method of constructing maximin distance designs
Authors: Li Wenlong , Liu Min-Qian , Tang Boxin 
Published: October 2020

Summary
An attractive type of space-filling design for computer experiments is the class of maximin distance designs. Algorithmic search is commonly used for finding such designs, but this approach becomes ineffective for large problems. Theoretical construction of maximin distance designs is challenging; some results have been obtained recently, often using highly specialized techniques. This article presents an easy-to-use method for constructing maximin distance designs. The method is versatile as it works with any distance measure. The basic idea is to construct large designs from small designs, and the method is effective because the quality of large designs is guaranteed by that of small designs, as evaluated by the maximin distance criterion.
Bagging cross-validated bandwidths with application to big data
Authors: Barreiro-Ures D , Cao R , Francisco-Fernández M , Hart J D 
Published: October 2020

SummaryHall & Robinson (2009) proposed and analysed the use of bagged cross-validation to choose the bandwidth of a kernel density estimator. They established that bagging greatly reduces the noise inherent in ordinary cross-validation, and hence leads to a more efficient bandwidth selector. The asymptotic theory of Hall & Robinson (2009) assumes that $N$, the number of bagged subsamples, is $\infty$. We expand upon their theoretical results by allowing $N$ to be finite, as it is in practice. Our results indicate an important difference in the rate of convergence of the bagged cross-validation bandwidth for the cases $N=\infty$ and $N&lt;\infty$. Simulations quantify the improvement in statistical efficiency and computational speed that can result from using bagged cross-validation as opposed to a binned implementation of ordinary cross-validation. The performance of the bagged bandwidth is also illustrated on a real, very large, dataset. Finally, a byproduct of our study is the correction of errors appearing in the Hall & Robinson (2009) expression for the asymptotic mean squared error of the bagging selector.
A Longitudinal Examination of Building Demolitions on Neighbourhood Crime Rates
Authors: Wo James C , Kim Young-An 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCriminological research shows that vacant and dilapidated buildings contribute to higher neighbourhood crime rates. Therefore, the implication is that by physically removing these buildings from a neighbourhood, there will subsequently be a reduction in crime within that neighbourhood. In this study, we focus on the potential crime-reducing benefits of building demolitions—a change in the physical landscape, which may initiate or sustain neighbourhood revitalization. Accordingly, we examine the influence of building demolitions on crime within Philadelphia block groups from 2008 to 2018, controlling for a range of social-ecological factors known to be associated with crime rates. We also differentiate between city and private demolitions to examine the possibility that not all demolitions are created equal in relation to crime.
Exploring and Explaining Non-Compliance with Community Supervision
Authors: Weaver Beth , Piacentini Laura , Moodie Kristina , Barry Monica 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Despite a developed theoretical and empirical body of research into the dynamics of compliance with community supervision, the phenomenon of non-compliance has received surprisingly less attention. This article explores the perspectives and experiences of 93 people in Scotland who were breached or recalled for non-compliance with the community sentences or post-release licences they were subject to. Drawing on this analysis, we advance an integrated, theoretically explanatory and empirically informed model demonstrating the contributions of, and interplay between, three key elements we identified as shaping non-compliance: motivational postures and attitudinal stances and their underlying mechanisms; various systemic, structural and social influences that bind the exercise of agency and shape situations of actions; and the impacts and effects of people’s interactions with authorities.
Using public priorities to disentangle the dimensions of procedural justice and trustworthiness in police–citizen interactions
Authors: Hamm Joseph A , Wolfe Scott E 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Multidimensional constructs like procedural justice and trustworthiness are important drivers of public trust in the police. Less attention has been paid, however, to the differential import of the dimensions of procedural justice (voice, respect and impartiality) or trustworthiness (ability, benevolence and integrity). A national convenience sample of US residents was asked to prioritize among the dimensions of procedural justice (Study 1) or trustworthiness (Study 2) in designing the officer with whom they would want to interact in each of the four scenarios. These scenarios were then varied as a function of the ostensible severity and concreteness of the salient, police-controlled harm. Our results suggest that, when forced to allocate limited resources among them, participants systematically prioritized some dimensions over others. The findings also shed preliminary light on the elements of the situation that may impact that prioritization.
3D Synaptic Organization of the Rat CA1 and Alterations Induced by Cocaine Self-Administration
Authors: Blazquez-Llorca L , Miguéns M , Montero-Crespo M , Selvas A , Gonzalez-Soriano J , Ambrosio E , DeFelipe J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The hippocampus plays a key role in contextual conditioning and has been proposed as an important component of the cocaine addiction brain circuit. To gain knowledge about cocaine-induced alterations in this circuit, we used focused ion beam milling/scanning electron microscopy to reveal and quantify the three-dimensional synaptic organization of the neuropil of the stratum radiatum of the rat CA1, under normal circumstances and after cocaine-self administration (SA). Most synapses are asymmetric (excitatory), macular-shaped, and in contact with dendritic spine heads. After cocaine-SA, the size and the complexity of the shape of both asymmetric and symmetric (inhibitory) synapses increased but no changes were observed in the synaptic density. This work constitutes the first detailed report on the 3D synaptic organization in the stratum radiatum of the CA1 field of cocaine-SA rats. Our data contribute to the elucidation of the normal and altered synaptic organization of the hippocampus, which is crucial for better understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying cocaine addiction.
Identification of Predictive Markers and Outcomes of Late-onsetPneumocystis jiroveciiPneumonia in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Kaminski Hannah , Belliere Julie , Burguet Laure , Del Bello Arnaud , Taton Benjamin , Poirot-Mazères Stéphane , Accoceberry Isabelle , Delhaes Laurence , Visentin Jonathan , Gregori Marco , Iriart Xavier , Charpentier Elena , Couzi Lionel , Kamar Nassim , Merville Pierre 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the era of prophylaxis, Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) has become a late-onset opportunistic infection requiring indications for prolonged prophylaxis to be defined. The primary objective of our study was therefore to evaluate risk factors associated with late-onset PCP. The secondary objective was to assess the impact of this infection on graft and patient survival.MethodsWe conducted a French case-control study in Bordeaux and Toulouse center by matching 1 case to 1–2 controls from the same center based on the transplant date and the type of induction treatment.ResultsSeventy cases and 134 controls were included. PCP occurred at a median of 3 years after transplantation. The total lymphocyte count and CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte values were lower in the cases than in their matched controls on the day of infection and annually up to 4 years earlier. The covariables independently associated with PCP were the total lymphocyte count 1 year before Pneumocystis, mTOR inhibitors used as maintenance immunosuppressive drugs, and the administration of corticosteroid boluses used in acute rejection. A total lymphocyte count threshold &lt;1000/µL offered the best predictive value for infection occurrence. PCP was associated with high incidence of graft loss and patient death (30% and 17% respectively, 3 years after PCP).ConclusionsPneumocystis pneumonia has dramatic consequences in kidney transplant recipients; a targeted prophylaxis based on simple criteria, such as chronic lymphopenia and/or history of corticosteroid boluses, could be useful to avoid life-threatening complications.