bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobianos utilizados no tratamento da pneumonia aspirativa em cães: revisão de literatura
Authors: Camargo Jéssica Francielle , Farias Julia Birnie , Paim Mirela  Grünwalder , Lopes Bibiana , Teixeira Luciana Gonçalves , Rosa Matheus Pippi da , Contesini Emerson Antonio 
Published: December 2020

A pneumonia aspirativa possui grande importância clínica na medicina veterinária, devido à sua alta mortalidade e morbidade. Diante deste fato, se faz necessário um maior conhecimento acerca das possíveis causas, microrganismos envolvidos e tratamentos preconizados. O uso de antibióticos para a tratamento da pneumonia aspirativa é realizado empiricamente na maioria dos casos na medicina veterinária. Assim, objetiva-se identificar quais os microrganismos mais prevalentes, assim como os antibióticos mais indicados em cães com pneumonia aspirativa. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura com artigos indexados nas bases cientificas Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) e PubMed, no recorte temporal de 1998 a 2020, utilizando-se os seguintes descritores: “Pneumonia Aspirativa”, “Antimicrobianos”, “Cães”, “Doenças do sistema respiratório”. Nos estudos elencados os principais microrganismos comumente encontrados na pneumonia aspirativa foram: Mycoplasma, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Staphylococcus e Streptococcus. E os antimicrobianos mais indicados foram da classe das penicilinas. Conclui-se então, alta prevalência do envolvimento bacteriano na pneumonia aspirativa, principalmente na medicina veterinária, enfatizando a importância do conhecimento acerca dos microrganismos envolvidos e antimicrobianos mais indicados.
Cidadania de papelão: efetivação de direito a saúde para a população em situação de rua
Authors: Carvalho Ariane Luz , Costa Anabela Almeida , Oliveira Aryelle Brasil de , Sousa Iderlania Maria de Oliveira 
Published: December 2020

Conhecer as experiências e os desafios enfrentados por moradores de rua da cidade de Pedreiras - MA para alcançar o acesso ao direito civil da saúde conhecer suas vivências e buscas pelo acesso a saúde pública, investigar a trajetória pela busca de atendimento junto aos serviços de saúde contrastar o tipo de atendimento ofertado por profissionais da saúde no âmbito de pessoas sem moradia, onde a maioria dos entrevistados já estão na rua há bastante tempo, motivados pelo próprio desejo, pautados principalmente no uso de drogas e os mesmo não possuem o costume de frequentar unidades de saúde, e somente em estado de emergência vão a hospitais , quanto aos aspectos da saúde da população de rua está no fato de estes não receberem acesso a serviços de atenção básica, pois não revelaram ter recebido qualquer assistência em seu ambiente de vivência, e nem ao menos o estímulo para ida ao serviço então apesar de já existirem políticas públicas específicas para assistência à saúde à população de rua, é necessário que os poderes repensem a forma de acesso efetivo, pois acabam por não ter estrutura para ofertar uma serviço digno a está população, falta qualificação e acessibilidade.
Interfaces teórico-práticas entre Educação Permanente em Saúde e Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho
Authors: Sousa Rosa Gouvêa de , Monteforte Priscila Totarelli , Leite Priscila da Silva Azevedo , Barbosa Nathália Andrade , Dela-Sávia Juliana , Nogueira Blenda Carvalho 
Published: December 2020

O campo da saúde do trabalhador e a qualidade de vida que ele abarca promovem propostas para o fortalecimento do trabalhador enquanto sujeito de saber. Por outro lado, a educação permanente pretende a mobilização desses saberes. Entendendo que ambas podem ter imbricações importantes, o estudo objetivou identificar interfaces teórico-práticas entre Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS) e Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT) a partir de um programa executado no interior de Minas Gerais. O programa é uma parceria da universidade federal com a rede SUS local e abrange mais de 300 trabalhadoras e trabalhadores, de 8 municípios da região de saúde. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo por análise de conteúdo temática sob a referência da Política Nacional de Educação Permanente. E estudo quantitativo, transversal para avaliação da QVT por meio do instrumento QWLQ-bref. Como resultados, houve a identificação das categorias: sentidos sobre EPS, sujeitos envolvidos, modos de fazer EPS, desafios para o fazer educação permanente, desafios para melhoria da qualidade de vida das trabalhadoras e trabalhadores do SUS e entrelaçamentos da EPS com a qualidade de vida. Como resultado da aplicação do questionário encontrou-se a média de 63,77% para QVT, compreendida como satisfatória. Constatou-se que as condições de trabalho e a estrutura da rede são questões significativas para os trabalhadores e que permeiam tanto QVT quanto EPS para essa região de saúde. Além disso, observou-se a potência da QVT e da EPS como disparadores de reflexão, a fim de problematizar e fortalecer a consciência dos sujeitos históricos envolvidos no SUS.
The Effect of Socio-Cultural Norms on Female Labor Force Participation in Afghanistan
Authors: Parlaktuna İnci , Sediqi Sediqa 
Published: December 2020

This study based on the review of literature in Afghanistan, collected quantitative data through sequentially structured questionnaires to determine cultural effects on FLFP in Afghanistan. In this purpose, the study aims to use two types of data collection to determine the main research question on “whether socio-cultural norms affect the employability of women”. The results provide evidence based on the purpose of the study that, socio-cultural norms affect women’s employability regardless of their educational level, employment status and the region’s level of development. Though most of the respondents of the survey were educated, majority of single educated women were the ones who were busy working in service, the industry as well as the agriculture sector. While this case is not true, for married educated women due to social norms and conservatism as one of the major reasons behind their unemployment to enter the job market.
Increased Insulin Concentrations During Growth Hormone Treatment in Girls With Turner Syndrome Are Ameliorated by Hormone Replacement Therapy
Authors: Segerer Sabine Elisabeth , Segerer Stephan Georg , Partsch Carl-Joachim , Becker Wolfgang , Nawroth Frank 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTurner syndrome (TS) is characterized by complete or partial loss of one sex chromosome and is commonly associated with short stature, metabolic changes (such as central obesity, abnormal glucose tolerance and high triglycerides) and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Primary management of TS during childhood and adolescence comprises treatment with human growth hormone (hGH) and, in cases with early loss of ovarian function, hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Given that metabolic parameters are altered when HRT is applied during menopause, we analyzed whether metabolic changes might be positively or negatively affected within 10 years after HRT and/or hGH in girls with TS.DesignObservational study.MethodsData were collected from the medical records of 31 girls with TS attending two endocrinologic centers in Germany between 2000 and 2020. Descriptive statistics are reported as the mean ± SEM or percentages.ResultsThe mean age at first presentation was 99.06 ± 8.07 months, the mean height was 115.8 ± 3.94 cm, and the mean BMI 19.0 ± 0.99 was kg/m2. Treatment with hGH was given to 96.8% of the girls, starting at an average age of 99.06 ± 8.70 months, and was continued for 67.53 ± 6.28 months. HRT was administered to 80.6% of all patients and was started at a mean age of 164.4 ± 4.54 months. During the follow-up, we did not observe any significant absolute changes in lipid parameters, but we detected beneficial effects of childhood hGH: significantly lower cholesterol (-0.206/month; p = 0.006), lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.216/month; p = 0.004), and higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol (+0.095/month; p = 0.048). Insulin concentrations, showed a significant increase attributable to hGH treatment (+0.206/month; p = 0.003), which was ameliorated by concomitant or subsequent HRT (-0.143/month; p = 0.039).ConclusionTreatment with hGH and HRT is provided to most girls with TS. Metabolic effects are associated with both modalities. Monitoring of metabolic changes appears to be important to detect unfavorable effects, and could guide treatment adjustment and duration.
Characterization of Genome-Wide DNA Methylation and Hydroxymethylation in Mouse Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus During Puberty Process
Authors: Shen Yihang , Zhou Shasha , Zhao Xiaodong , Li Hua , Sun Jielin 
Published: December 2020

Background: Pulsatile pituitary gonadotropin secretion governed by hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is essential for the pubertal onset. The epigenetic mechanism underlying the activation of GnRH-dependent regulatory axis in hypothalamus remains elusive. This study aims to explore the potential correlation between the signature of DNA (hydroxyl)methylation and pubertal process.Methods: Hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) of mouse at early (4-weeks) and late pubertal (8-weeks) stages underwent RNA-, RRBS-, and RRHP-seq to investigate the genome-wide profiles of transcriptome, differential DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation.Results: A series of differential expressed genes (DEGs) involved in sexual development could be separated into three subgroups with the significant difference of DNA methylation or hydroxymethylation or both in promoter regions. Compared to DNA methylation, DNA hydroxymethylation partook in more signaling pathways including synapse morphology, channel activity and glial development, which could enhance transsynaptic change and glia-to-neuron communication to faciliate GnRH release. The correlation between transcription and these epigenetic modifications indicated that DNA hydroxymethylation impacted with gene transcription independently of DNA methylation spanning puberty.Conclusion: Our results characterized the hydroxymethylation pattern and provided an insight into the novel epigenetic regulation on gene expression during pubertal process.
Surface Microornamentation of Demosponge Sterraster Spicules, Phylogenetic and Paleontological Implications
Authors: Cárdenas Paco 
Published: December 2020

Siliceous spicules in demosponges exist in a variety of shapes, some of which look like minute spheres of glass. They are called “sterrasters” when they belong to the Geodiidae family (Tetractinellida order) and “selenasters” when they belong to the Placospongiidae family (Clionaida order). Today, the Geodiidae represent a highly diverse sponge family with more than 340 species, occurring in shallow to deep waters worldwide, except for the Antarctic. The molecular phylogeny of Geodiidae is currently difficult to interpret because we are lacking morphological characters to support most of its clades. To fill this knowledge gap, the surface microornamentations of sterrasters were compared in different genera. Observations with scanning electron microscopy revealed four types of surfaces, which remarkably matched some of the Geodiidae genera: type I characteristic of Geodia, type II characteristic of Pachymatisma, Caminus, and some Erylus; type III characteristic of other Erylus; type IV characteristic of Caminella. Two subtypes were identified in Geodia species: warty vs. smooth rosettes. These different microornamentations were mapped on new Geodiidae COI (Folmer fragment) and 28S (C1–D2) phylogenetic trees. The monophyly of the Geodiidae was once again challenged, thereby suggesting that sterrasters have evolved independently at least three times: in the Geodiinae, in the Erylinae and in Caminella. Surface microornamentations were used to review the fossil record of sterrasters and selenasters through the paleontology literature and examination of fossils. It was concluded that “rhaxes” in the literature may represent mixes of sterrasters and selenasters: while Rhaxella spicules may belong to the Placospongiidae, Rhaxelloides spicules belong to the Geodiidae. The putative Geodiidae fossil genera, Geoditesia, and Geodiopsis, are reallocated to Tetractinellida incertae sedis. Isolated Miocene-Pliocene fossil sterrasters Hataina (Huang, 1967), Silicosphaera (Hughes, 1985) and Conciliaspongia (Robinson and Haslett, 1995) become junior synonyms of Geodia (Lamarck, 1815). Overall, the fossil record suggested that Geodiidae was present at least since the Middle Jurassic (163–166 Mya), while Geodia sterrasters were present since the Santonian/Campanian boundary, Late Cretaceous (83.6 Mya).ZooBank Article Registrationurn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91B1B3AC-8862-4751-B272-8A3BDF4DEE77.
The Anti-Inflammatory Drug Aspirin Does Not Protect Against Chemotherapy-Induced Memory Impairment by Paclitaxel in Mice
Authors: Chang Aeson , Chung Ni-Chun , Lawther Adam J. , Ziegler Alexandra I. , Shackleford David M. , Sloan Erica K. , Walker Adam K. 
Published: December 2020

Inflammation has been proposed to play a causal role in chemobrain which—if true—would represent an opportunity to repurpose existing anti-inflammatory drugs for the prevention and treatment of chemobrain. Here, we show that the chemoagent paclitaxel induces memory impairment and anhedonia in mice within 24 h of treatment cessation, but inflammation is not present until 2 weeks after treatment. We find no evidence of brain inflammation as measured by cytokine analysis at any time point. Furthermore, treating with aspirin to block inflammation did not affect paclitaxel-induced memory impairment. These findings suggest that inflammation may not be responsible for memory impairment induced by paclitaxel. These results contrast with recent findings of a causal role for inflammation in cancer-induced memory deficits in mice that were prevented by treatment with oral aspirin, suggesting that cognitive impairment in cancer patients undergoing treatment may arise from multiple convergent mechanisms.
Identification of Somatic Mutations in Papanicolaou Smear DNA and Plasma Circulating Cell-Free DNA for Detection of Endometrial and Epithelial Ovarian Cancers: A Pilot Study
Authors: Jiang Xuan , Li Weihua , Yang Jiaxin , Wang Shuzhen , Cao Dongyan , Yu Mei , Shen Keng , Bai Jian , Gao Yang 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify tumor-derived DNA from Papanicolaou (Pap) smear and plasma specimens collected from patients with endometrial cancer or atypical hyperplasia (EC/AH) or epithelial ovarian cancer (OC).MethodsTumor tissues, peripheral blood, and Pap smear samples were collected from patients with EC/AH and patients with epithelial OC. Somatic mutations of tumor specimens in EC/AH and OC were examined by whole-exome sequencing using a 127-driver gene panel from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A nine-gene EC/AH panel and an eight-gene OC panel were established based on the identified significantly mutated genes in the EC/AH and OC tumor specimens. Circulating single-molecule amplification and resequencing technology (cSMART) was applied to evaluate somatic mutations in Pap smear DNA and plasma circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) using the EC/AH and OC gene panels.ResultsIn EC/AH group, there existed 22 tumors and 14 of the 22 tumors contributed hot spot mutations for the EC/AH nine-gene panel. In the Pap smear subgroup, all 21 Pap smears tested positive. Nine out of 11 (81.8%) identified the same gene mutations with their matched tumors and the remaining 10 Pap smears all tested positive. In the plasma subgroup, 10 out of 26 (38.5%) plasmas tested positive. One out of 13 (7.7%) identified the same gene mutation with its matched tumor and 5 out of the remaining 13 plasmas (38.5%) tested positive. In OC group, there existed 17 tumors and 16 of the 17 tumors contributed hot spot mutations for the OC eight-gene panel. In the Pap smear subgroup, all 11 Pap smears tested positive. Five out of 10 (50.0%) identified the same gene mutations with their matched tumors and the remaining one Pap smear also tested positive. In the plasma subgroup, all 22 plasmas tested positive. Ten out of 14 (71.4%) identified the same gene mutation with their matched tumors and the remaining 4 plasmas all tested positive.ConclusionsTumor-derived DNA can be detected in Pap smears and plasmas from patients with EC/AH or epithelial OC. Using a small gene-panel, early detection of EC/AH and OC might be promising. However, the value of plasma ccfDNA for EC/AH requires further investigation.
Copy Number Analysis Reveal Genetic Risks of Penile Cancer
Authors: Yu Yongbo , Gao Chengwen , Chen Yuanbin , Wang Meilan , Zhang Jianfeng , Ma Xiaocheng , Liu Shuaihong , Yuan Hang , Li Zhiqiang , Niu Haitao 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate copy number alterations (CNAs) in genes associated with penile cancer (PeC) and determine their correlation and prognostic ability with PeC.MethodsWhole-exome sequencing was performed for tumor tissue and matched normal DNA of 35 patients diagnosed with penile squamous cell carcinoma from 2011 to 2016. Somatic CNAs were detected using the Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK). Retrospective clinical data were collected and analyzed. All the data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software. The cancer-specific survival rates were estimated by Kaplan-Meier curves and compared with the log-rank test.ResultsCNAs in the MYCN gene was detected in 19 (amplification: 54.29%) patients. Other CNAs gene targets were FAK (amplification: 45.72%, deletion: 8.57%), TP53 (amplification: 2.86%, deletion: 51.43%), TRKA (amplification: 34.29%, deletion: 2.86%), p75NTR (amplification: 5.71%, deletion: 42.86%), Miz-1 (amplification: 14.29%, deletion: 20.00%), Max (amplification: 17.14%, deletion: 2.86%), Bmi1 (amplification:14.29%, deletion: 48.57%), and MDM2 (amplification: 5.71%, deletion: 45.72%). The CNAs in MYCN and FAK correlated significantly with patient prognosis (P&lt;0.05). The 3-year Recurrence-free survival rate was 87.10% among patients followed up. The 5-year survival rate of patients with MYCN amplification was 69.2%, compared to 94.4% in the non-amplification group. The 5-year survival rate of patients with FAK amplification was 65.6%, compared to 94.7% in the non-amplification group. The PPI network showed that TP53 and MYCN might play meaningful functional roles in PeC.ConclusionMYCN and FAK amplification and TP53 deletion were apparent in PeC. MYCN and TP53 were hub genes in PeC. MYCN and FAK amplification was also detected and analyzed, and the findings indicated that these two genes are predictors of poor prognosis in PeC.
Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by Highly Potent Broad-Spectrum Anti-Coronaviral Tylophorine-Based Derivatives
Authors: Yang Cheng-Wei , Lee Yue-Zhi , Hsu Hsing-Yu , Jan Jia-Tsrong , Lin Yi-Ling , Chang Sui-Yuan , Peng Tzu-Ting , Yang Ruey-Bing , Liang Jian-Jong , Liao Chun-Che , Chao Tai-Ling , Pang Yu-Hau , Kao Han-Chieh , Huang Wen-Zheng , Lin Jiunn-Horng , Chang Chun-Ping , Niu Guang-Hao , Wu Szu-Huei , Sytwu Huey-Kang , Chen Chiung-Tong , Lee Shiow-Ju 
Published: December 2020

Tylophorine-based compounds and natural cardiotonic steroids (cardenolides and bufadienolides) are two classes of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus inhibitors, targeting viral RNA and host cell factors, respectively. We tested both types of compounds against two types of coronaviruses, to compare and contrast their antiviral properties, and with view to their further therapeutic development. Examples of both types of compounds potently inhibited the replication of both feline infectious peritonitis virus and human coronavirus OC43 with EC50 values of up to 8 and 16 nM, respectively. Strikingly, the tylophorine-based compounds tested inhibited viral yields of HCoV-OC43 to a much greater extent (7–8 log magnitudes of p.f.u./ml) than the cardiotonic steroids (about 2–3 log magnitudes of p.f.u./ml), as determined by end point assays. Based on these results, three tylophorine-based compounds were further examined for their anti-viral activities on two other human coronaviruses, HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2. These three tylophorine-based compounds inhibited HCoV-229E with EC50 values of up to 6.5 nM, inhibited viral yields of HCoV-229E by 6–7 log magnitudes of p.f.u./ml, and were also found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 with EC50 values of up to 2.5–14 nM. In conclusion, tylophorine-based compounds are potent, broad-spectrum inhibitors of coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, and could be used for the treatment of COVID-19.
Cinnamic Acid Increased the Incidence of Fusarium Wilt by Increasing the Pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum and Reducing the Physiological and Biochemical Resistance of Faba Bean, Which Was Alleviated by Intercropping With Wheat
Authors: Guo Yuting , Lv J. , Zhao Q. , Dong Yan , Dong K. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundContinuous cropping has resulted in the accumulation of self-toxic substances in faba beans which has restricted their global production. Intercropping is widely used to alleviate these problems.AimsTo explore the role of cinnamic acid stress in faba bean physiology and disease resistance, and the potential mitigating effects of intercropping the faba bean with wheat.MethodsFaba bean seedlings were grown with or without wheat in both field and hydroponic conditions in the presence of different cinnamic acid concentrations and Fusarium oxysporum (FOF), the occurrence of. Fusarium-mediated wilt and oxidative stress, as well as plant growth indices and the anti-pathogen defense system were analyzed.ResultsCinnamic acid significantly increased Fusarium pathogenicity, inhibited the activity of defense enzymes and reduced the ability of plants to resist pathogens, indicating the importance of cinnamic acid in the promotion of Fusarium wilt resulting in reduced seedling growth. Intercropping with wheat improved plant resistance by alleviating cinnamic acid-induced stress, which promoted crop growth and decreased the incidence and disease index of Fusarium wilt.ConclusionCinnamic acid promotes Fusarium wilt by stimulating pathogen enzyme production and destroying the defense capability of faba bean roots. Intercropping reduces Fusarium wilt by alleviating the damage caused by cinnamic acid to the defense system of the faba bean root system.