bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Denosumab Safety and Efficacy Among Participants in the FREEDOM Extension Study With Mild to Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Broadwell Aaron , Chines Arkadi , Ebeling Peter R , Franek Edward , Huang Shuang , Smith Shawna , Kendler David , Messina Osvaldo , Miller Paul D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Context
The effects of long-term exposure to denosumab in individuals with renal insufficiency are unknown.

Objective
This post hoc analysis evaluates the long-term safety and efficacy of denosumab in individuals with mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD) (stages 2 and 3) using data from the pivotal phase 3, double-blind, 3-year FREEDOM (NCT00089791) and open-label, 7-year extension (NCT00523341) studies.

Participants and Methods
Women age 60 to 90 years with a bone mineral density (BMD) T-score of less than –2.5 to greater than –4.0 at the total hip or lumbar spine were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive denosumab 60 mg subcutaneously every 6 months (long-term arm) or placebo (cross-over arm) in FREEDOM; eligible participants could enroll in the extension to receive denosumab 60 mg subcutaneously every 6 months. Change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from study baseline and annualized rates of fracture and adverse events (AEs) were the main outcome measures.

Results
Most participants (1259/1969 [64%] long-term arm; 1173/1781 [66%] crossover arm) with baseline CKD stage 2 or 3 remained within the same CKD subgroup at study completion; less than 3% progressed to CKD stage 4. Participants in all eGFR subgroups showed similar, persistent BMD gains over time and a low incidence of fractures. The percentage of participants reporting serious AEs was similar among renal subgroups (normal, CKD stage 2, CKD stage 3a, CKD stage 3b) both for the long-term (54% vs 52% vs 57% vs 58%) and crossover (43% vs 42% vs 43% vs 68%) arms, except CKD stage 3b subgroup, crossover arm.

Conclusion
The safety and efficacy of denosumab did not differ among participants with mild to moderate CKD.
Prostate-Specific Deletion of Cdh1 Induces Murine Prostatic Inflammation and Bladder Overactivity
Authors: Pascal Laura E , Mizoguchi Shinsuke , Chen Wei , Rigatti Lora H , Igarashi Taro , Dhir Rajiv , Tyagi Pradeep , Wu Zeyu , Yang Zhenyu , de Groat William C , DeFranco Donald B , Yoshimura Naoki , Wang Zhou 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-related debilitating prostatic disease that is frequently associated with prostatic inflammation and bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Animal models have shown that formalin- and bacterial-induced prostatic inflammation can induce bladder dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanisms contributing to prostatic inflammation in BPH and bladder dysfunction are not clear. We previously reported that E-cadherin expression in BPH is downregulated in hyperplastic nodules compared with expression in adjacent normal tissues. Here, we explored the potential consequences of prostatic E-cadherin downregulation on the prostate and bladder in vivo using an inducible murine model of prostate luminal epithelial-specific deletion of Cdh1. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-CreERT2 transgenic mouse strain expressing tamoxifen-inducible CreERT2 recombinase driven by a 6-kb human PSA promoter/enhancer was crossed with the B6.129-Cdh1tm2Kem/J mouse to generate bigenic PSA-CreERT2/Cdh1-/- mice. Deletion of E-cadherin was induced by transient administration of tamoxifen when mice reached sexual maturity (7 weeks of age). At 21 to 23 weeks of age, the prostate, bladder, and prostatic urethra were examined histologically, and bladder function was assessed using void spot assays and cystometry. Mice with Cdh1 deletion had increased prostatic inflammation, prostatic epithelial hyperplasia, and stromal changes at 21 to 23 weeks of age, as well as changes in bladder voiding function compared with age-matched controls. Thus, loss of E-cadherin in the murine prostate could result in prostatic defects that are characteristic of BPH and LUTS, suggesting that E-cadherin downregulation could be a driving force in human BPH development and progression.
Completeness of reporting acupuncture interventions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Review of adherence to the STRICTA statement
Authors: Fernández-Jané Carles , Solà-Madurell Mireia , Yu Mingkun , Liang Changhao , Fei Yutong , Sitjà-Rabert Mercè , Úrrutia Gerard 
Published: November 2020

Background: The completeness of reporting of acupuncture interventions is critical to ensure the applicability and reproducibility of acupuncture clinical trials. In the past, different publications have evaluated the completeness of reporting of acupuncture interventions for different clinical situations, such as knee osteoarthritis, neurological diseases or cancer. However, this has not been done for acupuncture trials for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objective: To assess the completeness of reporting of acupuncture interventions in trials for COPD. Methods: A total of 11 English and Chinese databases were screened up until May 2019 for randomised or quasi-randomised control trials of acupuncture for COPD. The STRICTA checklist was used to determine the quality of the reporting of acupuncture interventions. Results: A total of 28 trials were included in our review. Out of the 16 STRICTA checklist subitems analysed, only 4 were considered appropriately reported in more than 70% of the trials, while 7 were correctly reported in less than 30%. Conclusion: The adherence to STRICTA guidelines of acupuncture trials for COPD is suboptimal, and future efforts need to be addressed to improve the completeness of reporting.
Case Report: Unusual presentation of concomitant gastric outlet obstruction and jaundice complicating giant hepatic angioma
Authors: Elleuch Nour , Hammami Aya , Hassine Amira , Ben Ameur Wafa , Dahmani Wafa , Aida Ben Slama , Mehdi Ksiaa , Ahlem Braham , Salem Ajmi , Jaziri Hanen , Ali Jmaa 
Published: November 2020

Hemangioma is the most common benign tumor affecting the liver. The vast majority of liver hemangiomas (LH) are less than 30 mm in diameter, asymptomatic, and are most often identified incidentally during radiological investigations for other reasons. Giant LH greater than 50 mm can lead to the development of symptoms and complications that require prompt surgical intervention. Herein, we report the case of a 58-year-old man who presented with gastric outlet obstruction and obstructive jaundice as a result of a giant hepatic hemangioma that was complicated with fatal spontaneous rupture.
Comparison of two lipid emulsions on interleukin-1β, interleukin-8 and fatty acid composition in infants post gastrointestinal surgery: a randomized trial
Authors: Hanindita Meta Herdiana , Irawan Roedi , Ugrasena I Dewa Gede , Hariastawa I. G. B. Adria 
Published: November 2020

Background: Nutritional support plays an essential role for recovery in infants who undergo gastrointestinal surgery. The current standard type of intravenous lipid emulsion (IVLE) used as parenteral nutrition is the mixture of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) and long chain triglyceride (LCT) rich in ω-6. Studies showed that ω-6 is associated with higher level of proinflammatory cytokines, leading to increased mortality rate, morbidity rate, and postoperative recovery time. The latest generation of emulsion is a mixture of MCT, LCT, olive oil (OO), and fish oil (FO) which may optimize the ω6/ω3 ratio. This study aimed to compare the effect of MCT/LCT/OO/FO IVLE to standard IVLE on IL-1β, IL-8 and plasma fatty acids in infants who had undergone gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: A single-blind, randomised controlled, pretest-posttest design study was done in twelve subjects that were classified into two groups. Group 1 received standard IVLE, group 2 received MCT/LCT/OO/FO IVLE. The type of standard and MCT/LCT/OO/FO IVLE used in this study were Lipofundin 20% and SMOFlipid 20%, respectively, both administered for three consecutive days in 1-4 gram/kilogram/day. IL-1β and IL-8 were examined using ELISA while fatty acids was analyzed using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for Mac 23. Results: No statistical difference was found in age, gender, birth weight and diagnosis between both groups. Leukocyte was significantly lower in MCT/LCT/OO/FO group 3 days after surgery (p=0.025). CRP was lower in MCT/LCT/OO/FO group 3 days after surgery (p=0.01) and in changes within 3 days (p=0.016). There were no differences in IL-1β, IL-8 and ω-3 but ω-6 was higher in standard IVFE group on third day after surgery (p=0,048) Conclusion: MCT/LCT/OO/FO IVLE can significantly lower leukocyte, CRP and ω-6 levels and is comparable with standard IVLE on IL-1β, IL-8 and ω-3 levels in infants underwent gastrointestinal surgery.
The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children - A resource for COVID-19 research: Questionnaire data capture April-May 2020
Authors: Northstone Kate , Howarth Simown , Smith Daniel , Bowring Claire , Wells Nicholas , Timpson Nicholas John 
Published: November 2020

The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a prospective population-based cohort study which recruited pregnant women in 1990-1992. The resource provides an informative and efficient setting for collecting data on the current coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In early March 2020, a questionnaire was developed in collaboration with other longitudinal population studies to ensure cross-cohort comparability. It targeted retrospective and current COVID-19 infection information (exposure assessment, symptom tracking and reported clinical outcomes) and the impact of both disease and mitigating measures implemented to manage the COVID-19 crisis more broadly. Data were collected on symptoms of COVID-19 and seasonal flu, travel prior to the pandemic, mental health and social, behavioural and lifestyle factors. The online questionnaire was deployed across parent (G0) and offspring (G1) generations between 9th April and 15th May 2020. 6807 participants completed the questionnaire (2706 original mothers, 1014 original fathers/partners, 2973 offspring (mean age ~28 years) and 114 offspring partners). Eight (0.01%) participants (4 G0 and 4 G1) reported a positive test for COVID-19, 77 (1.13%; 28 G0 and 49 G1) reported that they had been told by a doctor they likely had COVID-19 and 865 (12.7%; 426 G0 and 439 G1) suspected that they have had COVID-19. Using algorithmically defined cases, we estimate that the predicted proportion of COVID-19 cases ranged from 1.03% - 4.19% depending on timing during the period of reporting (October 2019-March 2020). Data from this first questionnaire will be complemented with at least two more follow-up questionnaires, linkage to health records and results of biological testing as they become available. Data has been released as: 1) a standard dataset containing all participant responses with key sociodemographic factors and 2) as a composite release coordinating data from the existing resource, thus enabling bespoke research across all areas supported by the study.
Broadband microwave photonic frequency translator with a wide frequency shifting range
Authors: Wang Yuzhi , Chen Hao , Chan Erwin H. W. 
Published: November 2020

A microwave photonic topology for shifting the frequency of an input microwave signal is presented. It operates based on a single sideband frequency mixing approach. The amount of microwave signal frequency shift is determined by a local oscillator frequency. The proposed frequency translator (FT) has a large bandwidth and a wide frequency shifting range. It can be designed to obtain a large spurious signal suppression ratio and a low frequency translation loss. Results are presented for the novel structure, which demonstrates the realization of a 2–18 GHz FT with a 10 kHz to 100 MHz frequency shifting range. The results also show the spurious signals are more than 31 dB below the frequencyshifted signal, and a low loss of only around 4 dB for frequency shifting a 10 GHz microwave signal.
Watt-level visible laser in double-clad Pr3+-doped fluoride fiber pumped by a GaN diode
Authors: Kifle Esrom , Starecki Florent , Loiko Pavel , Cozic Solenn , Joulain Franck , Berthelot Thibaud , Georges Thierry , Stojcevski Dragan , Deubel Damien , Camy Patrice 
Published: November 2020

We report on a red praseodymium fiber laser delivering 1.07 W at 634.5 nm with a slope efficiency of 20.7% (versus the incident pump), a laser threshold of 0.55 W, and a single-mode output (

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in the quasi-continuous-wave regime. It is based on a 0.6 mol.%

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-doped ZBLAN double-clad fiber with a 5.5 µm core, a double D-shaped (diameters, 115/125 µm) inner cladding, and a length of 5.0 m. The fiber is pumped by a multimode 443 nm GaN diode. The laser design is optimized using a numerical model. The proposed concept is suitable for the development of diode-pumped high brightness watt-level visible praseodymium fiber lasers.
Smart ring resonator–based sensor for multicomponent chemical analysis via machine learning
Authors: Li Zhenyu , Zhang Hui , Nguyen Binh Thi Thanh , Luo Shaobo , Liu Patricia Yang , Zou Jun , Shi Yuzhi , Cai Hong , Yang Zhenchuan , Jin Yufeng , Hao Yilong , Zhang Yi , Liu Ai-Qun 
Published: November 2020

We demonstrate a smart sensor for label-free multicomponent chemical analysis using a single label-free ring resonator to acquire the entire resonant spectrum of the mixture and a neural network model to predict the composition for multicomponent analysis. The smart sensor shows a high prediction accuracy with a low root-mean-squared error ranging only from 0.13 to 2.28 mg/mL. The predicted concentrations of each component in the testing dataset almost all fall within the 95% prediction bands. With its simple label-free detection strategy and high accuracy, the smart sensor promises great potential for multicomponent analysis applications in many fields.
Is health literacy of family carers associated with carer burden, quality of life, and time spent on informal care for older persons living with dementia?
Authors: Häikiö Kristin , Cloutier Denise , Rugkåsa Jorun 
Published: November 2020

Introduction
Family carers are cornerstones in the care of older people living with dementia. Family carers report extensive carer burden, reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and extensive time spent on informal care (Time). Health literacy (HL) is a concept associated with people’s ability to access health services, and navigate the healthcare system. This study’s aim was to investigate HL among family carers, and investigate the associations between HL and carer burden, HRQoL, and Time spent on informal care.

Method
We designed a self-administered survey comprising validated instruments, including the Health Literacy Scale (HLS-N-Q12) to measure HL, Relative Stress Scale (RSS) to measure carer burden, the EQ-5D-5L instrument to measure HRQoL, and some modified questions from the Resource Utilization in Dementia (RUD) questionnaire to measure time spent on informal care (Time). Descriptive analysis in addition to bivariate and multiple linear regressions were undertaken. In multiple linear regression analysis, we used HL as the independent variable to predict the outcomes (carer burden, HRQoL, Time). Analyses were adjusted for the effects of explanatory independent variables: age, gender, education levels, urban residency, having worked as health personnel, caring for someone with severe/mild dementia, and being born abroad.

Findings
In a non-probability sample of 188 family carers from across Norway, most of them female and over the age of 60, we found high levels of HL. In the bivariate analysis, carer burden and HRQoL (EQvalue) showed significant associations with HL. In the multiple regression analyses, HL was statistically significantly associated with carer burden (B = -0.18 CI:-0.33,-0.02 p = 0.02), HRQoL (EQvalue: B = 0.003 with 95% CI: 0.001, 0.006 p = 0.04), and Time (B = -0.03 with 95% CI: -0.06, 0.000, p = 0.046), after adjusting for the effect of independent variables.

Conclusion
This is one of the first studies to investigate the associations between HL and different outcomes for family carers of older people living with dementia. Additional research into the associations identified here is needed to further develop our understanding of how to support family carers in their roles. Targeted support that increases family carers’ HL may have potential to enhance their ability to provide sustainable care over time.
Risk-guided maternity care to enhance maternal empowerment postpartum: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lagendijk Jacqueline , Sijpkens Meertien K. , Ernst-Smelt Hiske E. , Verbiest Sarah B. , Been Jasper V. , Steegers Eric A. P. 
Published: November 2020

Objective
To investigate whether a structured inquiry during pregnancy of medical factors and social factors associated with low socioeconomic status, and subsequent patient-centred maternity care could increase maternal empowerment.

Design
Cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Setting
This study was conducted among pregnant women in selected urban areas in the Netherlands. This study was part of the nationwide Healthy Pregnancy 4 All-2 programme.

Population
Pregnant women listed at one of the sixteen participating maternity care organisations between July 1, 2015, and Dec 31, 2016.

Methods
All practices were instructed to provide a systematic risk assessment during pregnancy. Practices were randomly allocated to continue usual care (seven practices), or to provide a patient-centred, risk-guided approach to addressing any risks (nine practices) identified via the risk assessment during pregnancy.

Main outcome measures
Low postpartum maternal empowerment score.

Results
We recruited 1579 participants; 879 participants in the intervention arm, and 700 participants in the control arm. The prevalence of one or more risk factors during pregnancy was similar between the two arms: 40% and 39%, respectively. In our intention-to-treat analysis, the intervention resulted in a significant reduction in the odds of having a low empowerment score [i.e. the primary outcome; adjusted OR 0.69 ((95% CI 0.47; 0.99), P 0.046)].

Conclusions
Implementation of additional risk assessment addressing both medical and social factors and subsequent tailored preventive strategies into maternity care reduced the incidence of low maternal empowerment during the postpartum period. Introducing this approach in routine maternity care may help reduce early adversity during the postpartum period.
Association between alanine aminotransferase within the normal range and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Visaria Aayush , Pai Suraj , Fayngersh Alla , Kothari Neil 
Published: November 2020

Background and aim
We sought to determine the association between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the normal range and mortality in the absence of liver dysfunction to better understand ALT’s clinical significance beyond liver injury and inflammation.

Methods
A cohort of 2,708 male and 3,461 female adults aged 20–75 years without liver dysfunction (ALT<30 in males & <19 in females, negative viral serologies, negative ultrasound-based steatosis, no excess alcohol consumption) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)-III (1988–1994) were linked to the National Death Index through December 31, 2015. Serum ALT levels were categorized into sex-specific quartiles (Females: <9, 9–11, 11–14, ≥14 IU/L, Male: <12, 12–15, 15–20, ≥20 U/L). The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated, adjusting for covariates and accounting for the complex survey design.

Results
Relative to males in the lowest quartile (Q1), males in the highest quartile (Q4) had 44% decreased risk of all-cause mortality (aHR [95% CI]: 0.56 [0.42, 0.74]). Females in Q4 had 45% decreased risk of all-cause mortality (aHR [95% CI]: 0.55 [0.40, 0.77]). Males with BMI <25 kg/m2 in Q4 had significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality than Q1; however, this association did not exist in males with BMI ≥25 (BMI<25: 0.36 [0.20, 0.64], BMI≥25: 0.77 [0.49, 1.22]). Risk of all-cause mortality was lower in males ≥50 years than in males<50 (age≥50: 0.55 [0.39, 0.77], age<50: 0.81 [0.39, 1.69]). These age- and BMI-related differences were not seen in females.

Conclusion
ALT within the normal range was inversely associated with all-cause mortality in U.S. adults.
Compression, expansion, or maybe both? Growing inequalities in lung cancer in Germany
Authors: Tetzlaff Fabian , Epping Jelena , Golpon Heiko , Tetzlaff Juliane 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundLung Cancer (LC) is one of the most common malign diseases worldwide. So far, it is unclear if the development of LC incidence and mortality leads to morbidity compression or expansion and whether these developments differ by socioeconomic characteristics. This study analyses time trends in social and gender inequalities in life years with and without LC in Germany.MethodsThe study is based on data of a large German statutory health insurance provider (N = 2,511,790). Incidence and mortality risks were estimated from multistate survival models. Trends in life years with and without LC were analysed using multistate life table analyses. All analyses were performed separately for gender, time period (2006–2009 and 2014–2017), and income group (<60% and ≥60% of the German average income).ResultsAmong men, declining LC incidence rates resulted in gains of life years free of LC and declining LC- affected life years and led to a relative compression, which was strongest in men with higher incomes. Among women, a clear increase in life years with LC led to an expansion of the lifespan affected by LC. This expansion was mainly driven by increasing incidence rates in women with low incomes. Overall, income inequalities in LC increased in both genders.ConclusionsOur analyses reveal that developments in the length of life affected by LC differed substantially by gender and income and led to widening health inequalities over time. Public health efforts should mainly focus on vulnerable groups to reduce the persisting social inequalities in LC.