bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Acute Lung Injury Caused by Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study from a Single Institution in China
Authors: Fang Liang-jie , Chen Lu-yan , Sun Jun-hui , Zhou Jian-ying 
Published: November 2019

Background. Acute lung injury (ALI) is a rare but life-threatening pulmonary complication of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to characterize the common risk factors, clinical features, imaging findings, treatments, and outcomes of acute lung injury caused by TACE. Methods. A retrospective study was performed on all TACE-associated ALI cases that were diagnosed at authors’ hospital from January 2015 to June 2018. Results. The study included 14 ALI cases where the mean age of patients was 60.9±11.7 years (range 41-82 years), with a mean onset time of 2.4±1.6 d after TACE. Of the 14 patients, 8 patients (57.1%) developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). 7 patients (50%) had underlying chronic respiratory disease and hepatic arteriovenous fistula was detected in 6 patients (42.6%), both of which were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). Dyspnea (92.9%) was the most common symptoms. Pleural effusion (64.3%), diffuse pulmonary infiltration (42.9%), and accumulation of Lipiodol in lung field (42.9%) were frequent radiologic abnormalities. 11 patients (78.6%) achieved remission after treatment, and the 30-day mortality rate was approximately 21.4%. Patient’s median survival time after the development of ALI was merely 4.3 months, which was obviously worse than control group (4.3 months vs. 13.5 months, P<0.05). Conclusion. This study illustrates that TACE-associated ALI is a rare pulmonary complication with a high mortality rate. We infer that pulmonary Lipiodol embolization might be one of the main causes of TACE-associated ALI. Thus, HCC patients who are at high risk should be closely evaluated and monitored during TACE to avoid such potentially fatal complication.
Metformin in Gynecologic Cancers: Opening a New Window for Prevention and Treatment?
Authors: Madariaga Ainhoa , Goodwin Pamela J. , Oza Amit M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Metformin is an affordable and well-tolerated drug used in type 2 diabetes. Potential anticancer effects of metformin in gynecologic malignancies include inhibition of the PI3K-mTOR pathway, hormone receptor regulation, and reduction of fibrosis and inflammation. Multiple studies are currently assessing its role in cancer prevention and as a treatment enhancer.
See related articles by Soliman et al., p. 581, and McCloskey et al., p. 632
Resistance Mechanisms to SYK Inhibition in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Cremer Anjali , Ellegast Jana M. , Alexe Gabriela , Frank Elizabeth S. , Ross Linda , Chu S. Haihua , Pikman Yana , Robichaud Amanda , Goodale Amy , Häupl Björn , Mohr Sebastian , Rao Arati V. , Walker Alison R. , Blachly James S. , Piccioni Federica , Armstrong Scott A. , Byrd John C. , Oellerich Thomas , Stegmaier Kimberly 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is a nonmutated therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Attempts to exploit SYK therapeutically in AML have shown promising results in combination with chemotherapy, likely reflecting induced mechanisms of resistance to single-agent treatment in vivo. We conducted a genome-scale open reading frame (ORF) resistance screen and identified activation of the RAS–MAPK–ERK pathway as one major mechanism of resistance to SYK inhibitors. This finding was validated in AML cell lines with innate and acquired resistance to SYK inhibitors. Furthermore, patients with AML with select mutations activating these pathways displayed early resistance to SYK inhibition. To circumvent SYK inhibitor therapy resistance in AML, we demonstrate that a MEK and SYK inhibitor combination is synergistic in vitro and in vivo. Our data provide justification for use of ORF screening to identify resistance mechanisms to kinase inhibitor therapy in AML lacking distinct mutations and to direct novel combination-based strategies to abrogate these.

Significance:
The integration of functional genomic screening with the study of mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired resistance in model systems and human patients identified resistance to SYK inhibitors through MAPK signaling in AML. The dual targeting of SYK and the MAPK pathway offers a combinatorial strategy to overcome this resistance.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 161
Barilius torsai (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), a new freshwater fish from the Brahmaputra drainage, India
Authors: Kumari Kavita , Munivenkatappa Manas Hoshalli , Sinha Archana , Borah Simanku , Das Basanta Kumar 
Published: November 2019

Barilius torsai is described from the Torsa, a tributary of Brahmaputra River system in West Bengal, India. The new species is distinguished from all its congeners by the presence of a complete lateral line with 52–53 scales, 29 pre-dorsal scales, pectoral fin notched, two well-developed pairs of barbels (rostral and maxillary), length of rostral barbel slightly larger than maxillary, which reaches the orbit. Tubercles on snout and lower jaw absent, 9–11 blue vertical bars along the body, dorsal fin hyaline with dark pigment concentrated along lower two-third of the dorsal-fin rays.
New recruitment of staghorn corals in the Gulf of Mannar – the emergence of a resilient coral reef
Authors: Sadhukhan Koushik , Chatragadda Ramesh , Shanmugaraj T. , Ramana Murthy M.V. 
Published: November 2019

Coral Reefs in Gulf of Mannar is degrading with fatser rate due to several environmental stress over the past few decades. Under this severe degredation phase, our work has observed significant coral recruitment at Hare Island and Manoli & Manoliputti Island of Gulf of Mannar. Occurrenc of new recruitment of corals increseas the live coral cover percentage upto 58.4% and 51.5% in both Islands respectively. The findings reported here that increased percentage of coral cover brings a new hope for the researcher to find out the possible driving forces to the successful post larval settlement and survival of the new recruits which results in better conservation and management plan for the coral reefs of GoM Marine National Park.
Fixation-related Brain Potentials during Semantic Integration of Object–Scene Information
Authors: Coco Moreno I. , Nuthmann Antje , Dimigen Olaf 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In vision science, a particularly controversial topic is whether and how quickly the semantic information about objects is available outside foveal vision. Here, we aimed at contributing to this debate by coregistering eye movements and EEG while participants viewed photographs of indoor scenes that contained a semantically consistent or inconsistent target object. Linear deconvolution modeling was used to analyze the ERPs evoked by scene onset as well as the fixation-related potentials (FRPs) elicited by the fixation on the target object (t) and by the preceding fixation (t − 1). Object–scene consistency did not influence the probability of immediate target fixation or the ERP evoked by scene onset, which suggests that object–scene semantics was not accessed immediately. However, during the subsequent scene exploration, inconsistent objects were prioritized over consistent objects in extrafoveal vision (i.e., looked at earlier) and were more effortful to process in foveal vision (i.e., looked at longer). In FRPs, we demonstrate a fixation-related N300/N400 effect, whereby inconsistent objects elicit a larger frontocentral negativity than consistent objects. In line with the behavioral findings, this effect was already seen in FRPs aligned to the pretarget fixation t − 1 and persisted throughout fixation t, indicating that the extraction of object semantics can already begin in extrafoveal vision. Taken together, the results emphasize the usefulness of combined EEG/eye movement recordings for understanding the mechanisms of object–scene integration during natural viewing.
Contextual Modulation of Emotional Distraction: Attentional Capture and Motivational Significance
Authors: Micucci Antonia , Ferrari Vera , De Cesarei Andrea , Codispoti Maurizio 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Emotional stimuli engage corticolimbic circuits and capture attention even when they are task-irrelevant distractors. Whether top–down or contextual factors can modulate the filtering of emotional distractors is a matter of debate. Recent studies have indicated that behavioral interference by emotional distractors habituates rapidly when the same stimuli are repeated across trials. However, little is known as to whether we can attenuate the impact of novel (never repeated) emotional distractors when they occur frequently. In two experiments, we investigated the effects of distractor frequency on the processing of task-irrelevant novel pictures, as reflected in both behavioral interference and neural activity, while participants were engaged in an orientation discrimination task. Experiment 1 showed that, compared with a rare distractor condition (20%), frequent distractors (80%) reduced the interference of emotional stimuli. Moreover, Experiment 2 provided evidence that emotional interference was reduced by distractor frequency even when rare, and unexpected, emotional distractors appeared among frequent neutral distractors. On the other hand, in both experiments, the late positive potential amplitude was enhanced for emotional, compared with neutral, pictures, and this emotional modulation was not reduced when distractors were frequently presented. Altogether, these findings suggest that the high occurrence of task-irrelevant stimuli does not proactively prevent the processing of emotional distractors. Even when attention allocation to novel emotional stimuli is reduced, evaluative processes and the engagement of motivational systems are needed to support the monitoring of the environment for significant events.
Rethinking the Concept of Historic Rights in International Law
Authors: Wang Ying 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Historic rights have been acknowledged by international legislation including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, although many issues concerning the concept still remain uncertain. This article will mainly discuss the legal connotation and juridical functions of the concept of ‘historic rights’ for maritime entitlements and maritime boundary delimitation, and attempt to clarify some legal ambiguity and explain the function of the legal regime through analysis of legal documents and identification of typical difficulties in the application of the concept of ‘historic rights’.
Historic Rights in African State Practice
Authors: Egede Edwin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Historic rights in the law of the sea has been given prominence since the publication by China of the so-called nine-dash line map. Certain States have challenged this claim as inconsistent with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) to which China is a State Party. On the other hand, it has been argued that although historic rights claims are not comprehensively regulated by the UNCLOS they are actually governed by the principles of general international law. Consequently, this would require establishing if there is a general and consistent practice of States followed by them from a sense of legal obligation which establish historic rights claims are consistent with Customary International Law. This article explores the State Practice of African States in order to determine whether these States acknowledge and recognize historic rights claims as consistent with contemporary law of the sea.
Definition of the Moist-Air Exergy Norm: A Comparison with Existing “Moist Energy Norms”
Authors: Marquet Pascal , Mahfouf Jean-François , Holdaway Daniel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study presents a new formulation for the norms and scalar products used in tangent linear or adjoint models to determine forecast errors and sensitivity to observations and to calculate singular vectors. The new norm is derived from the concept of moist-air available enthalpy, which is one of the availability functions referred to as exergy in general thermodynamics. It is shown that the sum of the kinetic energy and the moist-air available enthalpy can be used to define a new moist-air squared norm that is quadratic in 1) wind components, 2) temperature, 3) surface pressure, and 4) water vapor content. Preliminary numerical applications are performed to show that the new weighting factors for temperature and water vapor are significantly different from those used in observation impact studies, and are in better agreement with observed analysis increments. These numerical applications confirm that the weighting factors for water vapor and temperature exhibit a large increase with height (by several orders of magnitude) and a minimum in the midtroposphere, respectively.
Cognitive rehabilitation for attention and memory in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial (CRAMMS)
Authors: Lincoln Nadina B , Bradshaw Lucy E , Constantinescu Cris S , Day Florence , Drummond Avril ER , Fitzsimmons Deborah , Harris Shaun , Montgomery Alan A , das Nair Roshan , Morgan Miriam , Scott Julia , Evans Susan , McKeown Shirlee , Bharadia Trishna , Moore Perry , Young Carolyn , Sharrack Basil , Isaac Claire , Griffths David , Fixter Vera , Hanley Laura , Evans Stephen , Palmer Lena , Tyrell Tracy , Gaughan Shannon , Elliot Gemma , Keogh Sophie , Oldknow Helen , Edwards Catherine , Schofield Nigel , Clarke Sara , Crossley Kara , Griffiths Holly , Knight Cara , Martin Kristy , Cunliffe Alexandra , Pollard Catherine , Wilson John , Trigg Emma , Vanzan Serena , Dalton Joanna , Pegnall Stephanie , Carpenter Hannah , Cogger Heather , Harnell Rachel , Klein Olga , Mhizha-Murira Jacqueline , Powers Katie , Squires Luke , Sprange Kirsty , Evans Amy , Hobbs Jo , Wakefield Natalie , Barnes Brian , Crone Monica , Foster Matthew , Rumsey Chris , Erven Alexandra , Moss-Morris Rona , Bowen Audrey , O’Connor Rory , Freeman Jenny , Taylor Rod , Rose Anita 
Published: November 2019

Objective: To assess the clinical and cost-effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation for attention and memory problems in people with multiple sclerosis. Design: Multicentre, pragmatic, randomized controlled trial. Setting: Community Participants: People with multiple sclerosis aged 18–69 years, who reported cognitive problems in daily life and had cognitive problems on standardized assessment. Interventions: A group cognitive rehabilitation programme delivered in 10 weekly sessions in comparison with usual care. Main measures: The primary outcome was the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale Psychological subscale at 12 months after randomization. Secondary outcomes included measures of everyday memory problems, mood, fatigue, cognitive abilities and employment at 6 and 12 months after randomization. Results: In all, 245 participants were allocated to cognitive rehabilitation and 204 to usual care. Mean Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale Psychological at 12 months was 22.2 (SD = 6.1) for cognitive rehabilitation and 23.4 (SD = 6.0) for usual care group; adjusted difference −0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −1.5 to 0.3, P = 0.20. No differences were observed in cognitive abilities, fatigue or employment. There were small differences in favour of cognitive rehabilitation for the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale Psychological at 6 months and everyday memory and mood at 6 and 12 months. There was no evidence of an effect on costs (−£808; 95% CI = −£2248 to £632) or on quality-adjusted life year gain (0.00; 95% CI = −0.01 to 0.02). Conclusion: This rehabilitation programme had no long-term benefits on the impact of multiple sclerosis on quality of life, but there was some evidence of an effect on everyday memory problems and mood.
Disparities in Donor Human Milk Supplementation Among Well Newborns
Authors: Kair Laura R. , Nidey Nichole L. , Marks Jessie E. , Hanrahan Kirsten , Femino Lorraine , Fernandez y Garcia Erik , Ryckman Kelli , Wood Kelly E. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Donor human milk supplementation for healthy newborns has increased. Racial-ethnic disparities in supplementation have been described in the neonatal intensive care unit but not in the well newborn setting. Research aim: The aim of this study was to identify maternal characteristics associated with donor human milk versus formula supplementation in the well newborn unit. Methods: This retrospective cohort study includes dyads of well newborns and their mothers ( N = 678) who breastfed and supplemented with formula ( n = 372) or donor human milk ( n = 306) during the birth hospitalization at a single hospital in the midwestern United States. Maternal characteristics and infant feeding type were extracted from medical records. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to examine associations between maternal characteristics and feeding type. Results: Nonwhite women were less likely to use donor human milk. Compared to non-Hispanic white women, the largest disparity was with Hispanic (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.28, 95% CI [0.12, 0.65]), then non-Hispanic black (adjusted OR = 0.32, 95% CI [0.13, 0.76]) and Asian women (adjusted OR = 0.34, 95% CI [0.16, 0.74]). Lower donor human milk use was associated with primary language other than English and public versus private insurance. Conclusion: The goal of improving public health through breastfeeding promotion may be inhibited without targeting donor human milk programs to these groups. Identifying the drivers of these disparities is necessary to inform person-centered interventions that address the needs of women with diverse backgrounds.
One and done? The effect of number of Pipeline embolization devices on aneurysm treatment outcomes
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Vakharia Kunal , Gong Andrew D , Rai Hamid H , Wack Audrey , Fayyaz Najya , Snyder Kenneth V , Davies Jason M , Siddiqui Adnan H , Levy Elad I 
Published: November 2019

Background Controversy exists regarding the optimum number of flow diverters for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. We explored the effect of the number of Pipeline embolization devices (PEDs; Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) deployed on rates of aneurysm occlusion and complications. Methods Consecutive patients who underwent saccular intracranial aneurysm treatment solely with the PED were included in this retrospective study. Computed tomographic, magnetic resonance, or digital subtraction angiographic images at 6 and 12 months and last follow-up (>12 months) were reviewed for aneurysm occlusion. Complication and retreatment rates were recorded and analyzed statistically. Results The study included 141 aneurysm treatments in 119 patients. A single PED was deployed in 105 cases, two PEDs in 31 cases, and three PEDs in 5 cases (total = 182 devices). Six-month angiographic data were available for 103 patients. Occlusion rates were 67.1% for single-PED cases and 90.0% for cases with > 1 PED (p = 0.028). The 12-month occlusion rate (follow-up available for 132) for single-PED cases was 74.7% compared to 91.7% for multiple-PED cases (p = 0.04). On multivariate analysis, number of PEDs was an independent predictor of aneurysm occlusion at 12 months (odds ratio 6.3, 95% confidence interval 1.8–22.8, p = 0.005). Thromboembolic complication rates were the same in the single- and multiple-PED treatment groups (2.8%). The retreatment rate was higher in patients treated with a single PED (16.2% vs. 0%, p = 0.01). Conclusions Deployment of > 1 Pipeline embolization device was associated with higher intracranial aneurysm occlusion and lower retreatment rates. No significant difference was found in complication rates.
Cervical internal carotid artery tortuosity: A morphologic analysis of patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Benson John C , Brinjikji Waleed , Messina Steven A , Lanzino Giuseppe , Kallmes David F 
Published: November 2019

Background and purpose Cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) tortuosity is thought to impede distal catheterization during attempted mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. This study sought to assess the morphologic characteristics of ICAs and the effects of tortuosity on thrombectomy attempts. Methods A retrospective review was completed of neck CTAs of patients with acute ischemic stroke due to a large vessel occlusion that underwent attempted endovascular recanalization. Significant tortuosity of ICAs was defined as the presence of kink(s) (acute (<90°) angulation), loop(s) (C- or S-shaped curvature with 2+ areas of acute (<90°) angulation), or coil(s) (full 360° turn arterial bend). Findings were statistically compared to procedure time, successful recanalization rate, patient demographics, and co-morbidities. Results Of 120 included patients, 47 (39.2%) had some form of tortuosity of one or both ICAs. Twenty-eight patients (23.3%) had a kink of one or both ICAs; this was followed in frequency by loops (n = 20; 16.7%) and coils (n = 8; 6.7%). Kinks were associated with lower rates of successful recanalization (p = 0.02). The presence of any tortuosity (kinks, loops, or coils) was not associated with number of passes during thrombectomy (p = 0.88), successful recanalization (p = 0.11), or total procedure time (p = 0.22). No association was noted between the presence of tortuosity and age (p = 0.96) or prior or current tobacco use (p = 0.75 and p = 0.69, respectively). Conclusion Among patients referred for urgent revascularization for large vessel occlusion, approximately 40% exhibit some tortuosity. Kinks may portend lower likelihood of recanalization success, although tortuosity as a whole seems to have little effect on endovascular thrombectomy.
Impact of High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C for Treatment of Sepsis on Point-of-Care Blood Glucose Readings
Authors: Howell Anna Peyton , Parrett Jenna L. , Malcom Daniel R. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Intravenous vitamin C therapy has been associated with reduced mortality in patients with sepsis. Of potential concern with this therapy are falsely elevated point-of-care (POC) blood glucose values vs laboratory analyzed (LA) readings. The purpose of this study was to compare POC and LA blood glucose measurements in patients receiving intravenous vitamin C therapy. Methods: All adults (≥18 years old) admitted from January 2017 to December 2018 who received at least two doses of intravenous vitamin C and had at least one paired blood glucose collection were eligible for inclusion. The primary endpoint was the accuracy in paired blood glucose values determined using the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15197:2013 criteria. Paired values were assessed for clinical impact using the Parkes consensus error grid analysis. A subgroup analysis was conducted to determine the impact of impaired renal function on outcomes. Results: Fourteen patients were included for analysis with 46 paired blood glucose levels. Compliance with ISO15197:2013 criteria was met in 34 (73.9%) paired values, which did not meet the minimum criteria for accuracy. Subgroup analysis showed that the paired values from patients with impaired renal function did not meet the minimum requirements for compliance, while those from patients without impaired renal function did. The Parkes error grid showed that the variation in POC measurements likely had minimal clinical impact. Conclusions: Our study suggests that most patients receiving vitamin C for sepsis may still be monitored at POC with the glucose meter used in our study with minimal clinical impact.