bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endocannabinoid signalling in stem cells and cerebral organoids drives differentiation to deep layer projection neurons via CB1 receptors
Authors: Paraíso-Luna Juan , Aguareles José , Martín Ricardo , Ayo-Martín Ane C. , Simón-Sánchez Samuel , García-Rincón Daniel , Costas-Insua Carlos , García-Taboada Elena , de Salas-Quiroga Adán , Díaz-Alonso Javier , Liste Isabel , Sánchez-Prieto José , Cappello Silvia , Guzmán Manuel , Galve-Roperh Ismael 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system, via the cannabinoid CB1 receptor, regulates neurodevelopment by controlling neural progenitor proliferation and neurogenesis. CB1 receptor signalling in vivo drives corticofugal deep layer projection neuron development through the regulation of BCL11B and SATB2 transcription factors. Here, we investigated the role of eCB signalling in mouse pluripotent embryonic stem cell-derived neuronal differentiation. Characterization of the eCB system revealed increased expression of eCB-metabolizing enzymes, eCB ligands and CB1 receptors during neuronal differentiation. CB1 receptor knockdown inhibited neuronal differentiation of deep layer neurons and increased upper layer neuron generation, and this phenotype was rescued by CB1 re-expression. Pharmacological regulation with CB1 receptor agonists or elevation of eCB tone with a monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor promoted neuronal differentiation of deep layer neurons at the expense of upper layer neurons. Patch-clamp analyses revealed that enhancing cannabinoid signalling facilitated neuronal differentiation and functionality. Noteworthy, incubation with CB1 receptor agonists during human iPSC-derived cerebral organoid formation also promoted the expansion of BCL11B+ neurons. These findings unveil a cell-autonomous role of eCB signalling that, via the CB1 receptor, promotes mouse and human deep layer cortical neuron development.
Tunable zero-phase delay of one-dimensional photonic crystals containing InSb material
Authors: Zhou Ziwei , Wan Baofei , Xu Yi , Ma Yu , Zhang Haifeng , Zhang Dan 
Published: November 2020

In this paper, by introducing a variety of the new semiconductor material InSb, the broadband zero-phase delay has been realized, which is based on one-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs). It has been found that the tunable effects of the zero-phase delay can be obtained in the zero-effective-phase gap (denoted as zero-

φ

e
f
f

gap). Under these circumstances, the phases of the TE and TM waves switch smoothly across the stop band in the PCs and the difference between the phase shift of both polarized waves could remain constant inside the band. The results reveal that when satisfying the condition of zero-averaged (volume) refractive index (zero-

n
¯

), zero-

φ

e
f
f

delay within the gap 10.06–11.85 THz can be switched precisely by the magnetic influx density 2–4 T. Meanwhile, the temperature of 220–290 K and the incident angle of 0° to 90° can manipulate the bandwidth of zero-

φ

e
f
f

delay about 180° precisely in the 10.02–11.9 THz regime. In addition, we think the zero-

φ

e
f
f

gap can be applied in manufacturing tailored broadband phase retarders or wave plates.
Relationship between a pressure redistributing foam mattress and pressure injuries: An observational prospective cohort study
Authors: Bai Dorothy Li , Liu Tsai-Wen , Chou Hsiu-Ling , Hsu Yeh-Liang 
Published: November 2020

Background and purposePressure injuries remain a significant health care issue in various settings. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between a pressure redistributing foam mattress (PRFM) and the development of pressure injuries.MethodsThis study employed an observational prospective cohort study design. We enrolled 254 participants from the intensive care unit who were at risk of developing pressure injuries. Participants were exposed to either a nonpressure redistributing foam mattress (NPRFM), which was the standard mattress used at the study site, or a PRFM made of viscoelastic, temperature-sensitive, polyurethane memory foam. The patients’ assignment to either a PRFM or NPRFM was performed upon their admission, before the study eligibility screening. The relationship between the PRFM and the development of pressure injuries was studied using a logistic regression model.ResultsThe overall incidence of pressure injuries was 5.9% (15/254) in our study, with 1.6% (2/127) for participants who used a PRFM and 10.2% (13/127) for those using a NPRFM. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, use of a PRFM was associated with an 88% reduced risk of pressure injury development (OR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.56, P = 0.007). The use of a PRFM also contributed to a postponed occurrence of pressure injuries by 4.2 days on average in comparison with that of a NPRFM (P= 0.041).ConclusionsA PRFM is associated with a significantly reduced incidence and postponed occurrence of pressure injuries. It is recommended to use a PRFM for patients at risk of developing pressure injuries.
Diabetic polyneuropathy with/out neuropathic pain in Mali: A cross-sectional study in two reference diabetes treatment centers in Bamako (Mali), Western Africa
Authors: Maiga Youssoufa , Diallo Salimata , Konipo Fatoumata dite Nènè , Sangho Oumar , Sangaré Modibo , Diallo Seybou H. , Mahamadou Saliou , Péréon Yann , Giumelli Bernard , Coulibaly Awa , Daou Mariam , Traoré Zoumana , Sow Sylla Djeneba , Albakaye Mohamed , Guinto Cheick Oumar , Ouologem Madani , Sissoko Adama S. , Traoré Hamar A. , Coulibaly Souleymane Papa , Damier Philippe , Attal Nadine , Nizard Julien 
Published: November 2020

Introduction
Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) with or without neuropathic pain is a frequent complication of diabetes. This work aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetic polyneuropathy, to describe its epidemiological aspects, and to analyze the therapeutic itinerary of patients with DPN.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study performed synchronously over six months at two major follow-up sites for patients with diabetes in Mali. DPN was diagnosed based on the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). The neuropathic nature of the pain and the quality of life of patients were evaluated by the DN4 and the ED-5D scale, respectively. We used three (3) different questionnaires to collect data from patients (one at inclusion and another during the follow-up consultation) and from the caregivers of patients with DPN.

Results
We included 252 patients with diabetes, and DPN was found to have a healthcare facility-based prevalence of 69.8% (176/252). The sex ratio was approximately three females for every male patient. The patients were mostly 31 to 60 years of age, 83% had type 2 diabetes, and 86.9% had neuropathic pain Approximately half of the patients (48.3%) had autonomic neuropathy and they reported moderate to intense pain, which was mainly described as a burning sensation. The patients exhibited impaired exteroceptive and proprioceptive sensations in 51.7% of cases. The patients smoked tobacco in 3.4% of cases, while 36.6% of the patients were obese and had dyslipidemia. The caregivers clearly indicated that appropriate medications were not readily accessible or available for their patients with DPN.

Conclusion
The healthcare facility-based prevalence of DPN with or without neuropathic pain was high in our cohort. These inexpensive and easy-to-use tools (MNSI, DN4) can be used to adequately diagnose DPN in the African context. In Mali, screening and early treatment of patients at risk of DPN should allow for a reduction of the burden of the disease, while caregivers need to be adequately trained to manage DPN.
Mixed effects analysis of factors associated with barriers to accessing healthcare among women in sub-Saharan Africa: Insights from demographic and health surveys
Authors: Seidu Abdul-Aziz 
Published: November 2020

Background
Access to healthcare is one of the key global concerns as treasured in the Sustainable Development Goals. This study, therefore, sought to assess the individual and contextual factors associated with barriers to accessing healthcare among women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Materials and methods
Data for this study were obtained from the latest Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted between January 2010 and December 2018 across 24 countries in SSA. The sample comprised 307,611 women aged 15–49. Data were analysed with STATA version 14.2 using both descriptive and multilevel logistic regression modelling. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.

Results
It was found that 61.5% of women in SSA face barriers in accessing healthcare. The predominant barriers were getting money needed for treatment (50.1%) and distance to health facility (37.3%). Women aged 35–39 (AOR = 0.945, CI: 0.911–0.980), married women (AOR = 0.694, CI: 0.658–0.732), richest women (AOR = 0.457, CI:0.443–0.472), and those who read newspaper or magazine at least once a week (AOR = 0.893, CI:0.811–0.983) had lower odds of facing barriers in accessing healthcare. However, those with no formal education (AOR = 1.803, CI:1.718–1.891), those in manual occupations (AOR = 1.551, CI: 1.424–1.689), those with parity 4 or more (AOR = 1.211, CI: 1.169–1.255), those who were not covered by health insurance (AOR = 1.284, CI: 1.248–1.322), and those in rural areas (AOR = 1.235, CI:1.209–1.26) had higher odds of facing barriers to healthcare access.

Conclusion
Both individual and contextual factors are associated with barriers to healthcare accessibility in SSA. Particularly, age, marital status, employment, parity, health insurance coverage, exposure to mass media, wealth status and place of residence are associated with barriers to healthcare accessibility. These factors ought to be considered at the various countries in SSA to strengthen existing strategies and develop new interventions to help mitigate the barriers. Some of the SSA African countries can adopt successful programs in other parts of SSA to suit their context such as the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) and the Community-based Health Planning and Services concepts in Ghana.
Comparative effectiveness and safety of antiviral agents for patients with COVID-19: Protocol for a systematic review and individual-patient data network meta-analysis
Authors: Cao Yulong , Shan Jiao , Gong Zhizhong , Kuang Jiqiu , Gao Yan 
Published: November 2020

Background
A recent cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China, has been caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We propose the protocol described below to perform an individual-patient data (IPD) network meta-analysis (NMA) in order to evaluate the efficacies of different antiviral drugs to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Materials and methods
We will search the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, SinoMed, CNKI and VIP databases from their inceptions through July 2020. There will be no restrictions on language, publication year, or publication type. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and prospective cohort studies with antiviral treatments for COVID-19 will be considered. Two reviewers will independently select studies and collect data. Risk-of-bias assessments will be completed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias scale. Primary outcome will be the COVID-19 recovery rate. We will combine aggregated data from IPD with the NMA in a single model, compare the effects of different antiviral drugs on patient-relevant efficacy, and rank the results to decide which is the most effective.

Trial registration
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020167038.
Population-based trends in hospitalizations due to injection drug use-related serious bacterial infections, Oregon, 2008 to 2018
Authors: Capizzi Jeffrey , Leahy Judith , Wheelock Haven , Garcia Jonathan , Strnad Luke , Sikka Monica , Englander Honora , Thomas Ann , Korthuis P. Todd , Menza Timothy William 
Published: November 2020

Background
Injection drug use has far-reaching social, economic, and health consequences. Serious bacterial infections, including skin/soft tissue infections, osteomyelitis, bacteremia, and endocarditis, are particularly morbid and mortal consequences of injection drug use.

Methods
We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort analysis of hospitalizations among patients with a diagnosis code for substance use and a serious bacterial infection during the same hospital admission using Oregon Hospital Discharge Data. We examined trends in hospitalizations and costs of hospitalizations attributable to injection drug use-related serious bacterial infections from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2018.

Results
From 2008 to 2018, Oregon hospital discharge data included 4,084,743 hospitalizations among 2,090,359 patients. During the study period, hospitalizations for injection drug use-related serious bacterial infection increased from 980 to 6,265 per year, or from 0.26% to 1.68% of all hospitalizations (P<0.001). The number of unique patients with an injection drug use-related serious bacterial infection increased from 839 to 5,055, or from 2.52% to 8.46% of all patients (P<0.001). While hospitalizations for all injection drug use-related serious bacterial infections increased over the study period, bacteremia/sepsis hospitalizations rose most rapidly with an 18-fold increase. Opioid use diagnoses accounted for the largest percentage of hospitalizations for injection drug use-related serious bacterial infections, but hospitalizations for amphetamine-type stimulant-related serious bacterial infections rose most rapidly with a 15-fold increase. People living with HIV and HCV experienced increases in hospitalizations for injection drug use-related serious bacterial infection during the study period. Overall, the total cost of hospitalizations for injection drug use-related serious bacterial infections increased from $16,305,129 in 2008 to $150,879,237 in 2018 (P<0.001).

Conclusions
In Oregon, hospitalizations for injection drug use-related serious bacterial infections increased dramatically and exacted a substantial cost on the health care system from 2008 to 2018. This increase in hospitalizations represents an opportunity to initiate substance use disorder treatment and harm reduction services to improve outcomes for people who inject drugs.
Complementary Inhibitory Weight Profiles Emerge from Plasticity and Allow Flexible Switching of Receptive Fields
Authors: Agnes Everton J. , Luppi Andrea I. , Vogels Tim P. 
Published: November 2020

Cortical areas comprise multiple types of inhibitory interneurons, with stereotypical connectivity motifs that may follow specific plasticity rules. Yet, their combined effect on postsynaptic dynamics has been largely unexplored. Here, we analyze the response of a single postsynaptic model neuron receiving tuned excitatory connections alongside inhibition from two plastic populations. Synapses from each inhibitory population change according to distinct plasticity rules. We tested different combinations of three rules: Hebbian, anti-Hebbian, and homeostatic scaling. Depending on the inhibitory plasticity rule, synapses become unspecific (flat), anticorrelated to, or correlated with excitatory synapses. Crucially, the neuron's receptive field (i.e., its response to presynaptic stimuli) depends on the modulatory state of inhibition. When both inhibitory populations are active, inhibition balances excitation, resulting in uncorrelated postsynaptic responses regardless of the inhibitory tuning profiles. Modulating the activity of a given inhibitory population produces strong correlations to either preferred or nonpreferred inputs, in line with recent experimental findings that show dramatic context-dependent changes of neurons' receptive fields. We thus confirm that a neuron's receptive field does not follow directly from the weight profiles of its presynaptic afferents. Our results show how plasticity rules in various cell types can interact to shape cortical circuit motifs and their dynamics.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurons in sensory areas of the cortex are known to respond to specific features of a given input (e.g., specific sound frequencies), but recent experimental studies show that such responses (i.e., their receptive fields) depend on context. Inspired by the cortical connectivity, we built models of excitatory and inhibitory inputs onto a single neuron, to study how receptive fields may change on short and long time scales. We show how various synaptic plasticity rules allow for the emergence of diverse connectivity profiles and, moreover, how their dynamic interaction creates a mechanism by which postsynaptic responses can quickly change. Our work emphasizes multiple roles of inhibition in cortical processing and provides a first mechanistic model for flexible receptive fields.
PROSPECTS OF USING BY-PRODUCTS OF POTATO STARCH PRODUCTION AS COMPONENTS OF GROWTH MEDIA FOR LACTIC ACID BACTERIA CULTIVATION
Authors: Bezusov A. , Afanasieva T. , Dotsenko N. , Palvashova G. 
Published: November 2020

The paper is concerned with the search for inexpensive alternative components of substrates of culture media for lactic acid bacteria. To be used in the food industry more extensively, lactobacilli should be produced in larger volumes. Bacteria-growing enterprises and those manufacturing probiotic preparations are interested in non-traditional components of growth media. However, it is quite a problem to create a cheap growth medium, because lactobacilli are very demanding of the content of certain components. Traditional culture media can include up to 40 components (peptones, yeast and vegetable extracts, vitamins, etc.). The research has proved that waste and by-products of potato starch production (potato juice and juice-containing water) can be used as components of a substrate to culture lactobacilli on. The strain used in the research was Lactobacillus plantarum 8R-A3. The growth kinetics of lactic acid bacteria has been analysed on different vegetable extracts. Tomato and cabbage extracts were used as traditional components of synthetic media to compare with. The findings have shown that on a substrate from by-products of potato starch production, after 96 hours of culturing at 37°C, the accumulation of Lactobacillus plantarum biomass is 20 g/l (on juice-containing water) and 25 g/l (on potato juice). Accumulation of bacteria wet weight has also been confirmed by determining the kinematic viscosity of the culture fluid. This parameter for potato juice after thermostatting was 6.77 mm2/s, which was somewhat higher than the viscosity of the tomato and cabbage extracts. It has been proved that by-products of potato processing ensure sufficient growth of lactic acid bacteria biomass. On the fourth day, the number of bacteria was 3·108 CFU/cm3. It has been shown how practical it is to use potato processing by-products as growth media substrates in culturing lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum.
Geochemical Evidence for Thickening and Thinning of Lower Crust beneath the Jiaodong Peninsula: Implications for Late Mesozoic Destruction of the Eastern North China Craton
Authors: Liang YaYun , Guo Wenhui , Ma Yao , Zhao Enquan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The eastern North China Craton (NCC) has been recognised as undergoing cratonic destruction during the Mesozoic; however, the mechanism of its destruction is still unclear. The main difference between the proposed models is whether the lower continental crust (LCC) underwent thinning. In this study, we conducted comprehensive analyses of Late Mesozoic felsic intrusive rocks, including Late Jurassic granites (166–146 Ma), Early Cretaceous granodiorites (136–123 Ma), and latest Early Cretaceous granites (123–108 Ma) from the Jiaodong Peninsula, located on the southeastern margin of the NCC. These rocks allowed us to investigate variations in the LCC thickness in this region and to further discuss the destruction mechanism of the eastern NCC. Here, temporal variations in crustal thickness can be tracked using whole-rock La/Yb ratios of the felsic intrusive rocks. Our study shows that the continental crust in the eastern NCC thickened during the Late Jurassic (&gt;40 km) due to compression and the westward subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific Ocean lithosphere beneath the NCC since the Early Jurassic. The continental crust further thickened during the Early Cretaceous, caused by the steepening of the subducting slab after ~144 Ma that produced crustal underplating of mantle-derived melts in an extensional setting. However, the continental crust thinned (20–40 km) during the latest Early Cretaceous, caused by the rollback of the subducting slab after ~123 Ma. The geochemical compositions of three stages of felsic intrusions also suggest that the regional tectonic stress that affects the eastern NCC altered from a compressional to an intraplate extensional environment after ~144 Ma. Thus, the Late Mesozoic destruction of the eastern NCC and its accompanying magmatism were controlled by prolonged thermomechanical-chemical erosion due to low-angle subduction, steepening, and rollback of the Palaeo-Pacific Oceanic lithosphere.
Características y percepción de hogares con obesidad infantil en Cuenca, Ecuador
Authors: Ríos-Ponce Marco Antonio , Guevara-Crespo Nicole Doménica , Álvarez-Valencia Juan Francisco 
Published: November 2020

Rev.esc.adm.neg
En Ecuador los índices de obesidad infantil presentan un aumento con respecto a 20 años atrás. Ante este panorama, el presente artículo tiene como objeto identificar las características de hogares con obesidad infantil en Cuenca, Ecuador, así como su percepción o comportamiento con respecto a herramientas de marketing tales como publicidad, promociones y merchandising en la obesidad infantil. Mediante una investigación de carácter exploratorio-descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo, se identificó una correlación estadística entre las diferentes estrategias de marketing y la obesidad infantil, pues el 75 % de los padres encuestados respondieron que las tácticas de promoción influyen en sus decisiones de compra. Fue posible determinar también que las anomalías en el peso de los niños —obesidad y sobrepeso— se ven condicionadas igualmente por factores externos, entre los cuales se encuentran elementos del marketing mix, como, por ejemplo, la publicidad en medios, así como en los puntos de venta, que influyen en el comportamiento de compra de los hogares y promueven así hábitos poco saludables para la población infantil. Se evidenció, por otra parte, que la obesidad incrementa en los niveles socioeconómicos más bajos. La actividad física se reemplaza por actividades de entretenimiento en medios; el 84 % de los niños le dedica entre 1h/día a 5h/día. Finalmente, se destaca que el ejemplo de los padres o cuidadores es determinante en la problemática.