bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with withdrawal from insulin pump therapy: A large‐population‐based study
Authors: Merzon Eugene , Grossman Jeremy , Vinker Shlomo , Merhasin Ilia , Levit Shmuel , Golan‐Cohen Avivit 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough, number of diabetic patients received insulin pump (IP) therapy is increasing; there are limited data regarding factors associated with IP withdrawal.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study using data from an Israeli health maintenance organization. All patients, 21 or older, with type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 (T2DM) diabetes, who received IP therapy for a 7‐year period were identified. Patients who did not purchase IP maintenance supplies for at least six consecutive months were defined as withdrawn (N = 355). Patients who purchased supplies were defined as adherent (N = 352).ResultsIn both T1DM and T2DM patients, withdrawal from IP therapy was positively associated with duration of diabetes longer than 5 years (odds ratio [OR] = 13.26 [CI, 7.16‐23.34; P < .001] and OR = 10.92 [CI, 5.64‐21.14; P < .001], respectively), nonadherence to dietician follow‐up (OR = 5.78 [CI, 3.65‐9.14; P < .001] and OR = 3.41 [CI, 1.99‐5.85; P < .001], respectively), and poor glycaemic control prior to IP treatment (OR = 4.04 [CI, 2.18‐7.48; P < .001] and OR = 4.59 [CI, 2.71‐7.81; P < .001], respectively]. Co‐morbid neuro‐psychiatric disorders were also risk factors for IP withdrawal: diagnosis of depression (OR = 2.22 [CI, 1.16‐4.27; P = .017] and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) OR = 2.45 [CI, 1.003‐5.087; P = .043]) among T1DM patients; and diagnosis of depression (OR = 1.85 [CI, 1.05‐5.27; P = .046] and dementia OR = 4.03 [CI, 1.03‐19.77; P = .048]) among T2DM patients.ConclusionIn our large real‐world population‐based study, we found that smoking, obesity, poor glycaemic control, and co‐morbid neuro‐psychiatric disorders were associated with a high rate of withdrawal from IP therapy. Health care providers ought to familiarize themselves with patient characteristics predictive of nonadherence and should intensify patient follow‐up when incorporating this new, costly, and challenging technology.
Teammate influences, psychological well‐being, and athletes’ eating and exercise psychopathology: A moderated mediation analysis
Authors: Scott Charlotte L. , Plateau Carolyn R. , Haycraft Emma 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivePositive and negative influences from teammates (e.g., supportive teammate friendships, modelling of teammates’ disordered eating) have been associated with athletes’ eating/exercise psychopathology. However, research is yet to explore how an athlete's psychological well‐being and gender may impact upon these relationships. This study aimed to explore whether psychological well‐being mediates the relationship between teammate influences and eating/exercise psychopathology, and to determine whether gender moderates the significant mediation effects identified.MethodAthletes (N = 195, mean age 18.35 years, n = 110 female, n = 81 lean sport athletes) completed a survey three times over an 8‐month period exploring teammate influences, psychological well‐being (self‐esteem, anxiety, depression) and eating/exercise psychopathology. Mediation and moderated‐mediation analyses were conducted.ResultsHigher levels of anxiety significantly mediated the positive relationships between bulimia modelling and teammate pressure with eating and exercise psychopathology. Higher levels of depression significantly mediated the positive relationship between teammate pressure and body dissatisfaction, and the negative relationship between supportive friendships and body dissatisfaction. Higher levels of self‐esteem mediated both inverse relationships between supportive friendships and a lower drive for thinness (fully) and body dissatisfaction (partially). Gender did not significantly moderate any mediation relationships.DiscussionMale and female athletes with poor psychological well‐being (i.e., high levels of anxiety or depression) are more susceptible to negative teammate influences, while athletes with good psychological well‐being (i.e., high self‐esteem) reap the protective benefits of supportive teammate friendships. Understanding the circumstances under which teammates are influential is vital for the development of targeted intervention and prevention strategies to reduce athlete eating and exercise psychopathology.
Trade‐offs between morphology and thermal niches mediate adaptation in response to competing selective pressures
Authors: Uiterwaal Stella F. , Lagerstrom Ian T. , Luhring Thomas M. , Salsbery Miranda E. , DeLong John P. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe effects of climate change—such as increased temperature variability and novel predators—rarely happen in isolation, but it is unclear how organisms cope with multiple stressors simultaneously. To explore this, we grew replicate Paramecium caudatum populations in either constant or variable temperatures and exposed half to predation. We then fit thermal performance curves (TPCs) of intrinsic growth rate (rmax) for each replicate population (N = 12) across seven temperatures (10°C–38°C). TPCs of P. caudatum exposed to both temperature variability and predation responded only to one or the other (but not both), resulting in unpredictable outcomes. These changes in TPCs were accompanied by changes in cell morphology. Although cell volume was conserved across treatments, cells became narrower in response to temperature variability and rounder in response to predation. Our findings suggest that predation and temperature variability produce conflicting pressures on both thermal performance and cell morphology. Lastly, we found a strong correlation between changes in cell morphology and TPC parameters in response to predation, suggesting that responses to opposing selective pressures could be constrained by trade‐offs. Our results shed new light on how environmental and ecological pressures interact to elicit changes in characteristics at both the individual and population levels. We further suggest that morphological responses to interactive environmental forces may modulate population‐level responses, making prediction of long‐term responses to environmental change challenging.
Circulating levels and prognostic value of soluble ST2 in heart failure are less influenced by age than N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide and high‐sensitivity troponin T
Authors: Aimo Alberto , Januzzi James L. , Vergaro Giuseppe , Richards A. Mark , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Latini Roberto , Anand Inder S. , Cohn Jay N. , Ueland Thor , Gullestad Lars , Aukrust Pål , Brunner‐La Rocca Hans‐Peter , Bayes‐Genis Antoni , Lupón Josep , de Boer Rudolf A. , Takeishi Yasuchika , Egstrup Michael , Gustafsson Ida , Gaggin Hanna K. , Eggers Kai M. , Huber Kurt , Gamble Greg D. , Ling Lieng H. , Leong Kui Tong Gerard , Yeo Poh Shuah Daniel , Ong Hean Yee , Jaufeerally Fazlur , Ng Tze P. , Troughton Richard , Doughty Robert N. , Passino Claudio , Emdin Michele 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAimsN‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), high‐sensitivity troponin T (hs‐TnT) and soluble suppression of tumorigenesis‐2 (sST2) predict outcome in chronic heart failure (HF). We assessed the influence of age on circulating levels and prognostic significance of these biomarkers.Methods and resultsIndividual data from 5301 patients with chronic HF and NT‐proBNP, hs‐TnT, and sST2 data were evaluated. Patients were stratified according to age: <60 years (n = 1332, 25%), 60–69 years (n = 1628, 31%), 70–79 years (n = 1662, 31%), and ≥ 80 years (n = 679, 13%). Patients (median age 66 years, 75% men, median left ventricular ejection fraction 28%, 64% with ischaemic HF) had median NT‐proBNP 1564 ng/L, hs‐TnT 21 ng/L, and sST2 29 ng/mL. Age independently predicted NT‐proBNP and hs‐TnT, but not sST2. The best NT‐proBNP and hs‐TnT cut‐offs for 1‐year and 5‐year all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality and 1‐ to 12‐month HF hospitalization increased with age, while the best sST2 cut‐offs did not. When stratifying patients according to age‐ and outcome‐specific cut‐offs, this stratification yielded independent prognostic significance over NT‐proBNP levels only, or the composite of NT‐proBNP and hs‐TnT, and improved risk prediction for most endpoints. Finally, absolute NT‐proBNP, hs‐TnT, and sST2 levels predicted outcomes independent of age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction category, ethnic group, and other variables.ConclusionsSoluble ST2 is less influenced by age than NT‐proBNP or hs‐TnT; all these biomarkers predict outcome regardless of age. The use of age‐ and outcome‐specific cut‐offs of NT‐proBNP, hs‐TnT and sST2 allows more accurate risk stratification than NT‐proBNP alone or the combination of NT‐proBNP and hs‐TnT.
Cardiovascular risk associated with serum potassium in the context of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist use in patients with heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Rossignol Patrick , Duarte Kevin , Girerd Nicolas , Karoui Moez , McMurray John J.V. , Swedberg Karl , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Pocock Stuart , Dickstein Kenneth , Zannad Faiez , Pitt Bertram 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the prognostic value of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) initiation and change in serum potassium (K+) during follow‐up in patients post‐acute myocardial infarction with left ventricular dysfunction or chronic heart failure (HF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Methods and resultsRisk scores for predicting cardiovascular death (primary outcome), hospitalization for HF and all‐cause death were developed. K+ and other relevant time‐updated clinical and biological variables were added to conventional prognostic factors when constructing these new models. EPHESUS (n = 6632) was the derivation cohort, while EMPHASIS‐HF (chronic HF, n = 2737) was used as external validation cohort. The final cardiovascular death risk score included medical history, clinical and biological parameters (e.g. K+, below or above the normal range of 4–5 mmol/L, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and anaemia), as well as aspects of treatment (any diuretic usage, MRA use or discontinuation, and beta‐blocker use). The risk score performed well in both the derivation and validation cohorts and outperformed the MAGGIC score. A web‐based calculator was created to allow easy determination of the risk score (http://cic-p-nancy.fr/CardiovascularriskscoreCalculator/).ConclusionAdding time‐updated variables, including K+ and MRA treatment, improved risk prediction of cardiovascular death (on top of the MAGGIC score) in patients with HF eligible for renin–angiotensin system inhibitors and MRA therapy. This new risk score including MRA usage and K+ may be of value in helping physicians to better use MRAs, avoid unnecessary and potentially detrimental permanent discontinuations, and therefore improving cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic HFrEF or HF after acute myocardial infarction with left ventricular dysfunction.
Photocatalytic treatment of mixed selenocyanate and phenol streams: Process modeling, optimization, and kinetics
Authors: Vohra Muhammad Shariq , Labaran Bashir Alhaji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractElevated selenium presence in the aquatic bodies because of increased industrial practices and the resulting toxicity concerns have prompted selenium treatment. Although most studies have focused on selenite (SeO32−) and selenate (SeO42−) removal, however selenocyanate (SeCN−) is another Se‐species whose treatment is challenging often because of a complex wastewater matrix and presence of co‐pollutants such as phenol. The present study therefore investigated the efficiency of TiO2 photocatalysis (with EDTA as a hole/h+ scavenger) for the treatment of mixed selenocyanate/phenol wastewater along with response surface methodology (RSM) based process optimization, determination of reaction intermediates, and kinetic modeling. The application of face‐centered central composite design (CCD) RSM modeling yielded Natural Log Transformed Linear model for selenium removal, and non‐transformed two‐factor interaction model for phenol removal. These models were duly validated using statistical tools, and then tested employing additional experiments. The optimal process conditions for maximum selenium and phenol removal were found to be pH 4, 10 ppm selenocyanate, 5 ppm phenol, and 450 ppm EDTA. Findings from the reaction byproducts analysis indicated selenite, selenate, benzenediols, and benzeneseleninic acid as most noted intermediates. A kinetic model that predicts the changes in parent compounds selenocyanate/phenol and dominant reaction intermediates during photocatalysis is also presented.
Multichannel allocation for full‐duplex underlay device‐to‐device communication
Authors: Jose Justin , Agarwal Anirudh , Singh Sengar Aditya , Gangopadhyay Ranjan , Debnath Soumitra 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDevice‐to‐device (D2D) communication is a promising future wireless network technology that establishes a direct link between the devices in close vicinity. Along with the improved end‐to‐end latency and network rate, it also enhances the spectral and power efficiency. Most of the previous works on interference management and resource allocation have considered half‐duplex (HD) D2D systems and have assumed that D2D pairs cannot access more than a single channel at a time and a cellular channel is assigned to at most one D2D pair. In this article, we investigate multiple‐pair‐multiple‐channel (MPMC) allocation scenario over multiple‐input‐multiple‐output‐based full‐duplex D2D networks. The idea is to maximize the aggregate sum data rate of the D2D network by optimal allocation of the resources and maintaining a desired threshold rate for the cellular users. The cross‐tier interferences are intelligently handled by appropriate channel allocation and the co‐tier interferences by proper power allocation. The efficacy of the proposed MPMC algorithm has been evaluated through rigorous simulations, and an appreciably better network rate has been found as compared with the single‐pair‐single‐channel‐based allocation. Moreover, by allowing more users to communicate in tandem, with enhanced average rate, the results also ensure a better opportunity of higher utilization of the scarce licensed cellular spectrum. The presented algorithm has also been compared with random and uniform based allocations and further analyzed in HD‐MPMC communications.
TD‐PSO: Task distribution approach based on particle swarm optimization for vehicular ad hoc network
Authors: Bany Taha Mohammad , Talhi Chamseddine , Ould‐Slimane Hakima , Alrabaee Saed 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe rapid advancement of the artificial intelligence revolution during the past decade has significantly affected vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Several applications have been introduced that must meet the requirements of a VANET, including automatic driving and preaccident alerts and broadcasting of video. The customization of vehicles for implementation of these applications is costly and might not be possible due to many constraints, particularly resource limitations. In order to achieve compliance with the VANET framework within the resource limitations, this article proposes limiting the time frame related with the individual parts of the process. To this end, this article recommends that the resource‐intensive ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption (CP‐ABE) task be simplified by virtue of partitioning it into subtasks. This can be achieved by a machine‐learning technique (decision tree) in a manner that significantly influences the completion times of all subtasks. An approach based on particle swarm optimization (PSO), called task‐distribution PSO (TD‐PSO) , is proposed to perform the CP‐ABE task distribution on a VANET. The performance of this approach is evaluated by comparison with a genetic algorithm (GA), followed by comparison of these two solutions with the optimal solution proposed by the linear programming (LP) method. Results show that the TD‐PSO approach consumes less overhead than the GA. Moreover, comparison with the optimal solution proposed by LP shows that the near‐optimal solution obtained using TD‐PSO is more accurate than that obtained using the GA in most scenarios.
Polygenic risk scores outperform machine learning methods in predicting coronary artery disease status
Authors: Gola Damian , Erdmann Jeannette , Müller‐Myhsok Bertram , Schunkert Heribert , König Inke R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCoronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading global cause of mortality and has substantial heritability with a polygenic architecture. Recent approaches of risk prediction were based on polygenic risk scores (PRS) not taking possible nonlinear effects into account and restricted in that they focused on genetic loci associated with CAD, only. We benchmarked PRS, (penalized) logistic regression, naïve Bayes (NB), random forests (RF), support vector machines (SVM), and gradient boosting (GB) on a data set of 7,736 CAD cases and 6,774 controls from Germany to identify the algorithms for most accurate classification of CAD status. The final models were tested on an independent data set from Germany (527 CAD cases and 473 controls). We found PRS to be the best algorithm, yielding an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.92 (95% CI [0.90, 0.95], 50,633 loci) in the German test data. NB and SVM (AUC ~ 0.81) performed better than RF and GB (AUC ~ 0.75). We conclude that using PRS to predict CAD is superior to machine learning methods.
Dystrophic microglia in late‐onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Streit Wolfgang J. , Khoshbouei Habibeh , Bechmann Ingo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHere, we summarize current understanding of functional involvement of microglial cells in the most common neurodegenerative disease to affect humans, which is sporadic or late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Our review narrowly focuses on insights obtained from post‐mortem neuropathological examinations of human brains paying particular attention to microglia as these cells have long been implicated as pivotal players in the cellular processes that lead to AD‐type neurodegeneration. Although complete understanding of the roles played by microglia in AD neurodegeneration remains elusive, our studies thus far have illuminated microglial involvement in LOAD, showing that microglial dystrophy, the morphological manifestation of senescence, can be integrated with other hallmark pathological features of AD, such as intraneuronal neurofibrillary degeneration (NFD) and extracellular deposits of amyloid‐beta (Aβ) protein. We have demonstrated an in situ correlation between microglial dystrophy and presence of NFD suggesting that neurodegeneration is secondary to aging‐related microglial deterioration, a concept founded on the notion that proper neuronal function is dependent on presence of healthy microglia. Diseased or weakened glia are detrimental for neuronal well‐being because their ability to provide neuronal support may be impaired. Our most recent work also links microglial dystrophy with Aβ deposits by showing that there is a chronic, yet futile microglial reaction to insoluble amyloid deposits. This inability of microglia to remove aggregated amyloid (a foreign body) causes microglial exhaustion and thereby exacerbates already ongoing aging‐dependent microglial deterioration. An eventual total loss of functional microglia in advanced LOAD promotes widespread NFD, dementia, and brain failure.
How aging affects the premotor control of lower limb movements in simulated gait
Authors: Sacheli Lucia Maria , Zapparoli Laura , Bonandrini Rolando , Preti Matteo , Pelosi Catia , Sconfienza Luca Maria , Banfi Giuseppe , Paulesu Eraldo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGait control becomes more demanding in healthy older adults, yet what cognitive or motor process leads to this age‐related change is unknown. The present study aimed to investigate whether it might depend on specific decay in the quality of gait motor representation and/or a more general reduction in the efficiency of lower limb motor control. Younger and older healthy participants performed in fMRI a virtual walking paradigm that combines motor imagery (MI) of walking and standing on the spot with the presence (Dynamic Motor Imagery condition, DMI) or absence (pure MI condition) of overtly executed ankle dorsiflexion. Gait imagery was aided by the concomitant observation of moving videos simulating a stroll in the park from a first‐person perspective. Behaviorally, older participants showed no sign of evident depletion in the quality of gait motor representations, and absence of between‐group differences in the neural correlates of MI. However, while younger participants showed increased frontoparietal activity during DMI, older participants displayed stronger activation of premotor areas when controlling the pure execution of ankle dorsiflexion, regardless of the imagery task. These data suggest that reduced automaticity of lower limb motor control in healthy older subjects leads to the recruitment of additional premotor resources even in the absence of basic gait functional disabilities.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor overexpression predicts reduced survival but its targeting is not effective in unselected HNSCC patients
Authors: Khan Martin , Khaznadar Sami S. , Routila Johannes , Ventelä Sami , Schmid Elke , Gebhart Bastian , Becker Eva T. , Roider Helge G. , Perala Merja , Schmitz Arndt A. , Krahn Thomas , von Ahsen Oliver 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundMET has emerged as target in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, clinical data on MET inhibition in HNSCC are limited.MethodsHNSCC biopsies and cell lines were tested for MET activity. The response of cell lines to BAY‐853474 was tested in proliferation assays. The prognostic value of MET expression was also analyzed.ResultsHNSCC cell lines do not respond to MET inhibition. MET‐dependent gastric cancer cell lines have much higher levels of MET expression and phosphorylation than HNSCC cell lines. Clinical samples of HNSCC contain much less MET than responsive models.ConclusionsNo clinical response to MET inhibitors in monotherapy may be expected in unselected cases of HNSCC. Only selected patients with MET amplifications should be treated with MET inhibitors. Patients with increased MET immunoreactivity have shorter overall survival. MET might be useful as marker for the detection of patients with more aggressive types of HNSCC.
Elective neck treatment in sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Faisal Muhammad , Seemann Rudolf , Lill Claudia , Hamzavi Sasan , Wutzl Arno , Erovic Boban M. , Janik Stefan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas (SNUCs), being an aggressive malignancy with dismal survival outcome, have given limited consideration regarding management of regional failures. A total of 12 studies, published between 1999 and 2019, met inclusion criteria. We performed a meta‐analysis assessing regional (neck) relapse after elective neck treatment compared to observation in clinically node negative (N0) necks. Clinical data of 255 patients were used for meta‐analysis. Among them, 83.4% of patients presented with T4 tumors and 14.1% had positive neck nodes. Elective neck treatment was applied in 49.5% of analyzed patients. Regional relapses occurred in 3.7% of patients who have undergone elective neck treatment compared to 26.4% in patients who had not. Elective neck treatment significantly reduced the risk of regional recurrence (odds ratio 0.20; 95% confidence interval 0.08‐0.49; P = .0004). The meta‐analysis indicates that elective neck treatment could significantly reduce the risk of regional failures in patients with SNUCs.