bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
7. Le partage de la valeur ajoutée n’a pas encore dévoilé tous ses mystères
Authors: Piton Sophie 
Published: January 2020

Cet article propose un état des lieux des débats académiques sur les grandes tendances et déterminants de long terme de la répartition de la valeur ajoutée. Afin d’étudier la part du travail et son évolution, il est primordial de bien comprendre sa mesure ; il n’existe d’ailleurs pas une mais plusieurs mesures plus ou moins pertinentes selon la question que l’on se pose. Alors que la part du travail dans le PIB semble avoir baissé dans de nombreux pays depuis le début des années 1980, la part des rémunérations du travail dans le revenu des sociétés, reflet de l’organisation de la production, n’a baissé qu’aux États-Unis. Plusieurs pistes d’explications sont avancées pour comprendre les évolutions américaines, comme le progrès technologique, la mondialisation, ou encore la cartellisation de l’économie. Néanmoins, aucun consensus n’émerge à ce jour pour expliquer l’exception américaine ; le partage de la valeur ajoutée n’a donc pas encore dévoilé tous ses mystères.
8. Répartition et marquage de l’argent au sein du couple
Authors: Roy Delphine 
Published: January 2020

Le ménage opère-t-il une redistribution par rapport aux inégalités qui perdurent entre les femmes et les hommes sur le marché du travail ? Les enquêtes statistiques comme ethnographiques montrent que les modalités de mise en commun, partielle ou totale, de l’argent dans les couples sont liées à la répartition du pouvoir et aux représentations genrées des rôles des conjoints. Même au sein de l’« unité économique » que constitue le ménage, l’argent n’est pas une simple unité de compte, fongible quels que soient sa provenance et son usage, mais il est porteur de significations symboliques.
17. L’avenir de l’impôt sur les sociétés
Authors: Sterdyniak Henri 
Published: January 2020

Dans les pays développés, l’impôt sur les sociétés connaît une baisse tendancielle, qui réduit sa capacité à remplir ses objectifs : assurer la cohérence de la fiscalité en complément de l’impôt sur le revenu, financer les infrastructures productives, orienter les investissements. Au niveau national, au niveau européen ou dans un cadre multilatéral, différentes réformes sont envisagées pour mettre fin à la concurrence fiscale des États et à l’optimisation fiscale des firmes multinationales.
Implementation of a Bowel Protocol to Improve Enteral Nutrition and Reduce Clostridium difficile Testing
Authors: Wanik Jillian , Teevan Colleen , Pepin Lynn , Andrews Laura , Dalessio Linda , Feda Jennifer , Kevorkian Noubar M. , Weintraub Sharon 
Published: January 2020

Background
Underfeeding is common among adult patients receiving enteral nutrition. Constipation and diarrhea have been associated with low enteral nutrition volume in critically ill patients. In patients with diarrhea, Clostridium difficile is often suspected and tested for, although medications, illness, or enteral formulas are usually the cause. The use of bowel protocols to proactively address constipation, diarrhea, and inappropriate testing for hospital-onset C difficile infection, thereby improving enteral nutrition, remains unclear.

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of implementing protocols to decrease constipation, diarrhea, and inappropriate testing for hospital-onset C difficile infection, and to deliver larger enteral nutrition volumes in a critical care unit.

Methods
A prospective convenience sample was used. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients receiving greater than or equal to 80% of their prescribed caloric volume 1 week (minimum 4 days) after initiating enteral nutrition. Rates of testing for hospital-onset C difficile infection were analyzed before and after the protocol was implemented.

Results
After the protocol was implemented, patients experienced significant increases in delivery of enteral nutrition volume—up to 78% of the goal volume (P = .048). The standardized infection ratio of hospital-onset C difficile infection decreased 43% (P = .04).

Conclusions
The implementation of bowel protocols improved delivery of total enteral volumes and reduced inappropriate testing for hospital-onset infections with C difficile, and they may improve patient safety and facilitate positive patient outcomes.
Osteoclasts Derive Predominantly from Bone Marrow–Resident CX3CR1+ Precursor Cells in Homeostasis, whereas Circulating CX3CR1+ Cells Contribute to Osteoclast Development during Fracture Repair
Authors: Novak Sanja , Roeder Emilie , Kalinowski Judith , Jastrzebski Sandra , Aguila Hector L. , Lee Sun-Kyeong , Kalajzic Ivo , Lorenzo Joseph A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Osteoclasts (OC) originate from either bone marrow (BM)–resident or circulating myeloid OC progenitors (OCP) expressing the receptor CX3CR1. Multiple lines of evidence argue that OCP in homeostasis and inflammation differ. We investigated the relative contributions of BM-resident and circulating OCP to osteoclastogenesis during homeostasis and fracture repair. Using CX3CR1-EGFP/TRAP tdTomato mice, we found CX3CR1 expression in mononuclear cells, but not in multinucleated TRAP+ OC. However, CX3CR1-expressing cells generated TRAP+ OC on bone within 5 d in CX3CR1CreERT2/Ai14 tdTomato reporter mice. To define the role that circulating cells play in osteoclastogenesis during homeostasis, we parabiosed TRAP tdTomato mice (CD45.2) on a C57BL/6 background with wild-type (WT) mice (CD45.1). Flow cytometry (CD45.1/45.2) demonstrated abundant blood cell mixing between parabionts after 2 wk. At 4 wk, there were numerous tdTomato+ OC in the femurs of TRAP tdTomato mice but almost none in WT mice. Similarly, cultured BM stimulated to form OC demonstrated multiple fluorescent OC in cell cultures from TRAP tdTomato mice, but not from WT mice. Finally, flow cytometry confirmed low-level engraftment of BM cells between parabionts but significant engraftment in the spleens. In contrast, during fracture repair, we found that circulating CX3CR1+ cells migrated to bone, lost expression of CX3CR1, and became OC. These data demonstrate that OCP, but not mature OC, express CX3CR1 during both homeostasis and fracture repair. We conclude that, in homeostasis mature OC derive predominantly from BM-resident OCP, whereas during fracture repair, circulating CX3CR1+ cells can become OC.
The Orphan Immune Receptor LILRB3 Modulates Fc Receptor–Mediated Functions of Neutrophils
Authors: Zhao Yuxi , van Woudenbergh Esther , Zhu Jing , Heck Albert J. R. , van Kessel Kok P. M. , de Haas Carla J. C. , Aerts Piet C. , van Strijp Jos A. G. , McCarthy Alex J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Neutrophils are critical to the generation of effective immune responses and for killing invading microbes. Paired immune receptors provide important mechanisms to modulate neutrophil activation thresholds and effector functions. Expression of the leukocyte Ig-like receptor (LILR)A6 (ILT8/CD85b) and LILRB3 (ILT5/CD85a) paired-receptor system on human neutrophils has remained unclear because of the lack of specific molecular tools. Additionally, there is little known of their possible functions in neutrophil biology. The objective of this study was to characterize expression of LILRA6/LILRB3 receptors during human neutrophil differentiation and activation, and to assess their roles in modulating Fc receptor–mediated effector functions. LILRB3, but not LILRA6, was detected in human neutrophil lysates following immunoprecipitation by mass spectrometry. We demonstrate high LILRB3 expression on the surface of resting neutrophils and release from the surface following neutrophil activation. Surface expression was recapitulated in a human PLB-985 cell model of neutrophil-like differentiation. Continuous ligation of LILRB3 inhibited key IgA-mediated effector functions, including production of reactive oxygen species, phagocytic uptake, and microbial killing. This suggests that LILRB3 provides an important checkpoint to control human neutrophil activation and their antimicrobial effector functions during resting and early-activation stages of the neutrophil life cycle.
Subject and non-subject <i>ex-situ</i> focus in Dagbani
Authors: Issah Samuel A. , Smith Peter W. 
Published: January 2020

This paper offers a description and account of the patterns of ex-situ focus in Dagbani. We show that there are two syntactic strategies for creating ex-situ focus in the language, one involving A’-movement to the left periphery, and the second involving base generation in the left periphery combined with coreference to a resumptive pronoun. Furthermore, we argue that subjects are difficult to move from Spec,TP to Spec,CP in the left-periphery because of anti-locality, which creates a tension when trying to focus subjects, which are required to derivationally fill the specifier of both positions. We further show that what looks to be a two-way distinction between the behaviour of subjects and non-subjects in the language is in fact a three-way distinction between subjects that are focussed to a local left-periphery, subjects that are focussed to a non-local left-periphery, and non-subjects. These distinctions arise due to there being two methods for Dagbani to resolve the antilocality problem of subject movement, and so local subjects solve the problem differently to non-local subjects.
Woorden maken werelden (en cijfers ook): hoe hoog is nu het percentage veroordeelde outlawbikers?
Authors: Blokland Arjan 
Published: January 2020

Words make worlds (and number do too): how high is the percentage of convicted Dutch outlaw bikers?
In our 2017 report “Profielen van outlaw bikers and outlawbiker clubs” we concluded, “Dutch members of outlaw motorcycle gangs disproportionally frequently have a history criminal justice contacts”. The attorney representing the Hells Angels in the civil law suit filed by the Dutch public prosecutor requesting a civil ban of the Hells Angels, after consulting an expert methodologist, challenged this conclusion due to the possibility of type 2 and type 1 errors in constructing our sample from a police gang database. Here we calculate the proportion of convicted Hells Angels members under different levels of potential bias resulting from these errors. We find that a realistic estimate of the proportion of convicted individuals among the Dutch Hells Angels membership is between 58-96%, which, at a minimum, is roughly twice that in an age-matched population of male motorcyclists who are not members of an outlaw motorcycle club.
Detentie specifieke normering van de d2 aandacht- en concentratietest
Authors: Jansen Jochem 
Published: January 2020

Norm scores for use of the D2 attention and concentration test in Dutch penitentiaries
Recent studies show that neurocognitive functioning of people within the criminal justice system might be relevant for judicial intervention and reintegration programs, but the use of this information is hindered by – among other things – a lack of appropriate norm scores for neuropsychological tests. A total of 272 detainees completed the d2 attention and concentration test. This article shows that for the d2 attention and concentration test, the already available norm scores are not appropriate for the use within the criminal justice system. New norm scores for Dutch detainees are provided, based on outcomes of a regression based norm procedure. These norm scores are made freely available.
Jongeren, leeftijdsgenoten en criminaliteit
Authors: Dijkstra Jan Kornelis , Veenstra René 
Published: January 2020

Youth, peers and delinquency
This article relates criminological research on youth delinquency to the social development of adolescents. Starting point is a goal-framing approach which assumes that young people aim for the achievement of two goals: status (‘getting ahead’) and belonging (‘getting along’). Peers form an important context for achieving these goals. Therefore, the role of delinquency in peer networks is examined: on the one hand, the extent to which delinquency contributes to peer status, and on the other hand, how delinquency contributes to the formation of network relationships and, vice versa, how network relationships influence adolescents’ delinquency. Finally, several directions for further research are discussed.
Characteristics and Health Risks of Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitro-polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons at Urban and Suburban Elementary Schools in Shanghai, China
Authors: Zhang Lulu , Tokuda Takahiro , Yang Lu , Zhou Quanyu , Zhang Xuan , Xing Wanli , Wu Qing , Zhou Zhijun , Chen Renjie , Kameda Takayuki , Toriba Akira , Hayakawa Kazuichi , Tang Ning 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
PM2.1 was collected at urban and suburban elementary schools in Shanghai during two sampling periods in cold and warm seasons in 2007. Nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and ten nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) in PM2.1 were determined. During both seasons, the concentrations of PAHs and NPAHs at urban and suburban schools were not significantly different(p >0.05) and were higher in the cold period than in the warm period. According to the diagnostic ratios, PAHs and NPAHs at both schools were subject to the mixed effects of vehicle emission and coal combustion during both periods. Moreover, the results of the backward trajectory showed that PAHs and NPAHs were more susceptible to external polluted air masses in the cold period. At both urban and suburban schools, the inhalation cancer risk of PAHs and NPAHs in PM2.1 for children during elementary period was dozens of times of the acceptable risk level regulated by the U.S.EPA, highlighting the adverse impact of exposure to PAHs and NPAHs on the healthy development of children.
Bioremediation of Binary System of Reactive Red 120 Dye and Cr(III) Using Aspergillus tamari and Statistical Validation of Response
Authors: Ghosh Arpita , Dastidar Manisha Ghosh , Sreekrishnan T. R. , Patra Pradipta 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The efficiency of Aspergillus tamarii (isolated from sludge of a textile industry) was investigated to remediate the synthetic solutions of reactive red 120 (RR120) dye and chromium(III) separately. Also, parallel studies were conducted on the bioremediation of binary system of chromium(III) and RR120 dye in different ratios. The study was conducted to find the potential of the A. tamarii for removing chromium(III) and color from solutions containing only chromium or only RR120 dye or both and the effect of RR120 and chromium on the growth of the strain were observed. Maximum dye removal 81 mg/L was observed from 100 mg/L RR120 dye solution at pH 5 up to 50 hours. Maximum chromium removal 88.3 mg/L was observed from 100 mg/L chromium (III) solution at pH 5 up to 50 hours. In previous studies, A. tamarii was used as a bioreme-diator for removing different chromium complex dyes. The removal of chromium(III) and color were compared from solutions of synthetic mixtures and chromium complex dyes. The response of bioremediation study was validated using multiple regression analysis.
Obsahy přirozených radioaktivních prvků (K, U, Th) v půdách na mapovém listu 24-22 Olomouc – vztah mezi radioaktivitou půdy a matečné horniny
Authors: Zimák Jiří 
Published: January 2020

The paper deals with natural radioactivity of soils on the map sheet 24-22 Olomouc and compares contents of natural radioactive elements in soils and in their parent rocks (soilforming substrates). Three main types of parent rocks can be distinguished in the studied area: i) siliciclastic flysch sediments of the Moravo-Silesian Palaeozoic, ii) Quaternary sediments of the river Morava floodplain, iii) Quaternary loesses. Contents of potassium, uranium and thorium were measured using a laboratory gamma–ray spectrometer in 1 077 soil samples. It is evident from calculated values of mass activity of 226Ra equivalent (am) that natural radioactivity of the studied soils is low. The average am of soils developed on siliciclastic flysch sediments is 142 Bq.kg-1, 133 Bq.kg-1 on fluvial sediments of the river Morava and 148 Bq.kg-1 on loesses. The average am values calculated for soils developed on siliciclastic flysch sediments and for soils on loesses are almost the same as average am values calculated for their parent rocks. The soils of the river Morava floodplain show higher am values compared to their parent material (sands and pebbles dominate) due to higher uranium and thorium contents.
Exiliadas chilenas:una aproximación de género en las memorias del exilio
Authors: Espinoza Cartes Carolina Andrea 
Published: January 2020

El exilio chileno provocado tras el golpe de estado que significó el fin de la Unidad Popular, empujó al exterior a cerca de 200.000 personas entre 1973 y 1977 y en total a 400.000 personas, si se considera el final de la sanción en 1988. Un tercio de esa diáspora lo constituyeron mujeres, quienes salieron de Chile rumbo a los países más emblemáticos como Argentina, Canadá, México, Suecia, Noruega, Francia o España después de un periodo de persecución, represión, tortura y en muchos casos, prisión. En el siguiente artículo se analiza cómo esas mujeres vivieron el exilio solas o junto a sus familias, bajo seis ejes temáticos: la salida de Chile, la llegada al país de acogida, la familia y las relaciones afectivas, trabajo y estudio, militancias y activismo politico y la posibilidad del retorno.
L'appropriation de terres agricoles à des fins de villégiatures : le cas de la municipalité régionale de comté de Memphrémagog
Authors: Loyer Fabien , Doyon Mélanie 
Published: January 2020

Bien que les Trente Glorieuses marquent le début d’une importante diminution de la population rurale et en particulier du nombre d’agriculteurs au Québec, cette période est également le témoin d’un phénomène de « retour à la campagne » ou, autrement dit, d’exode urbain. La nouvelle attractivité des campagnes va favoriser l’apparition d’une nouvelle catégorie de villégiateurs qui acquièrent de plus en plus de terres agricoles à des fins non agricoles. Cet article vise à mettre en lumière les conséquences que pareille appropriation des terres agricoles peut avoir sur la pérennité et la viabilité de l’agriculture de la Municipalité régionale de comté (MRC) de Memphrémagog, un territoire qui connaît depuis les dernières années une diminution de son dynamisme agricole et une présence grandissante de villégiateurs.
Más allá de la contienda: representaciones del soldado anónimo en la obra de Romain Rolland
Authors: Molines Galarza Nuria 
Published: January 2020

Comprometido con el pacifismo y el ideal humanista, para Romain Rolland, la Primera Guerra Mundial supuso una debacle personal y autoral al verse prácticamente solo en una Europa donde los “regimientos de la pluma” se dedicaron a orquestar el odio de los pueblos. Rolland, en cambio, colaboró con la Agencia Internacional de Prisioneros de Guerra en Suiza, país donde permaneció en una suerte de exilio hasta el final del conflicto. Así accede a los testimonios de soldados de ambos bandos, que luego reflejará en sus artículos, publicados en el volumen Au-dessus de la mêlée (1915), en sus diarios, correspondencia con autores como Stefan Zweig, y en la obra con la que culmina este aciago periodo: Clerambault (1920).
Interfacial Assembly of Mesoporous Silica‐Based Optical Heterostructures for Sensing Applications
Authors: Gao Meng , Zeng Jie , Liang Kang , Zhao Dongyuan , Kong Biao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFunctionalized mesoporous silica materials (MSMs) are extensively investigated in sensing science due to their diverse structural and optical properties including tunable pore size, modifiable surface properties, and excellent accessibility to active sites. In the last few years, great efforts have been devoted to developing modification methods for MSMs for sensing applications with augmented sensitivity, super selectivity, as well as targeting capability, and multimodal capabilities. The functional group, structure, morphology, and component levels in the assembly of heterostructures of MSMs are a key for high sensing performance. As the development of mesoporous silica‐based sensing materials progresses, diverse functional units and materials are rationally implemented into the mesoporous structures. These heterostructures can maintain the excellent structural features of mesoporous silica and the optical properties of the functional units simultaneously, which shows the advantages of photostability, design flexibility, and multifunctionality. Here, an up‐to‐date overview of the fabrication strategies, the properties, and the sensing mechanisms of optical heterostructures based on MSMs is provided. A number of crucial sensing domains, including ionic, molecules, temperature, and biological species are highlighted. Finally, the prospects and potential sensing applications of mesoporous silica‐based optical heterostructures are discussed.
Enhanced Fluorescence for Bioassembly by Environment‐Switching Doping of Metal Ions
Authors: Tao Kai , Chen Yu , Orr Asuka A. , Tian Zhen , Makam Pandeeswar , Gilead Sharon , Si Mingsu , Rencus‐Lazar Sigal , Qu Songnan , Zhang Mingjun , Tamamis Phanourios , Gazit Ehud 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe self‐assembly of cyclodipeptides composed of natural aromatic amino acids into supramolecular structures of diverse morphologies with intrinsic emissions in the visible light region is demonstrated. The assembly process can be halted at the initial oligomerization by coordination with zinc ions, with the most prominent effect observed for cyclo‐dihistidine (cyclo‐HH). This process is mediated by attracting and pulling of the metal ions from the solvent into the peptide environment, rather than by direct interaction in the solvent as commonly accepted, thus forming an “environment‐switching” doping mechanism. The doping induces a change of cyclo‐HH molecular configurations and leads to the formation of pseudo “core/shell” clusters, comprising peptides and zinc ions organized in ordered conformations partially surrounded by relatively amorphous layers, thus significantly enhancing the emissions and allowing the application of the assemblies for ecofriendly color‐converted light emitting diodes. These findings shed light into the very initial coordination procedure and elucidate an alternative mechanism of metal ions doping on biomolecules, thus presenting a promising avenue for integration of the bioorganic world and the optoelectronic field.
Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Synthesis and Functionalization of Indole Derivatives
Authors: Yu Yi , Zhong Jun‐Song , Xu Kai , Yuan Yaofeng , Ye Ke‐Yin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe chemists’ pursuit of the ideal synthesis and functionalization of indole derivatives has lasted over 150 years as their scaffolds have been widely found in natural products, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and organic materials. In this regard, the recent resurgence of adopting green and sustainable electrochemistry in organic synthesis suggests that electrosynthesis is a promising strategy. Indeed, many new intriguing applications of synthesis and functionalization of indole derivatives by direct and redox‐mediated electrochemical means have been disclosed. In this review, we highlight the fundamental aspects, reaction scopes, synthetic applications and reaction mechanisms of the electrochemical synthesis and functionalization of indole derivatives.magnified image