bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser therapy for urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse: a systematic review
Authors: Mackova K , Van daele L , Page A‐S , Geraerts I , Krofta L , Deprest J 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundLaser therapy is now being proposed for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and urinary incontinence (UI).ObjectivesTo systematically review the available literature on laser therapy for POP and UI.Search strategyPubMed, Web Of Science and Embase were searched for relevant articles, using a three‐concept (POP, UI, laser therapy) search engine composed as (concept 1 OR concept 2) AND concept 3.Selection criteriaOnly full‐text clinical studies in English.Data collection and analysisData on patient characteristics, laser setting, treatment outcome and adverse events were independently collected by two researchers. There was a lack of methodological uniformity so meta‐analysis was not possible and the results are presented narratively.Main resultsThirty‐one studies recruiting 1530 adult women met the inclusion criteria. All studies showed significant improvement either on UI, POP or both; however the heterogeneity of laser settings, application and outcome measures was huge. Only one study was a randomised controlled trial, two studies were controlled cohort studies. All three were on UI and used standardised validated tools. The risk of bias in the randomised controlled trial was low on all seven domains; the controlled studies had a serious risk of bias. No major adverse events were reported, mild pain and burning sensation were the most commonly described adverse events.ConclusionsAll studies on vaginal and/or urethral laser application for POP and UI report improvement, but the quality of studies needs to be improved.Tweetable abstractThere is weak evidence that laser therapy is effective for urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse #LASER#UI#POP.
Connected markets through global real estate investments
Authors: Zhu Bing , Lizieri Colin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on the possibility of higher risk in commercial real estate markets due to the “linked ownership” network, which is measured by the common holdings of properties in different urban real estate markets by the same investor. Using data from 2007 to 2016, our results show that commonality in ownership can explain the significant comovement in international office market performance and add additional information to other matrices constructed by geographic distance, mergers and acquisitions capital flow, currency unit, and even overlapping occupiers located in those cities. The transmission mechanism is most pronounced and persistent during the global financial crisis period.
Estimating the Impact of Laminar Flow on the Pattern and Rate of Decomposition in Aquatic Environments—Is There a Better Way of Modeling Decomposition?
Authors: Palmer Christy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDetermining the Postmortem Submersion Interval (PMSI) is challenging for forensic anthropologists due to the variability of decomposition in aquatic environments. One possible cause of this variability that has received little attention in the literature is the impact of laminar flow. In order to determine whether flow affects the pattern or rate of decomposition, this study analyzed six rabbit carcasses submerged in two different sites: one with slow, laminar flow (“River Site”) and one without flow (“Canal Site”). A pulley system was designed in order to periodically bring the carcasses out of the water for sampling, with the pattern of decomposition monitored using visual descriptions of the decomposition process and the rate monitored using the Heaton et al. 2010 method of scoring aquatic decomposition in conjunction with accumulated degree days (ADD). The rate of decomposition was found to be significantly different between the two sites (F(1, 126) = 89.569, p < 0.01). In addition, decomposition was observed to occur in four distinct stages, which were modeled as a series of curves, and a Staged Decomposition Model was created as the possible basis for an improved predictor of PMSI versus the current loglinear approach. While the traditional loglinear approach appears to give a good approximation to the Staged Decomposition Models in environments with laminar flow, this research suggests that it may be less accurate for nonflowing sites.
RT‐LAMP for rapid diagnosis of coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Huang Wei E. , Lim Boon , Hsu Chia‐Chen , Xiong Dan , Wu Wei , Yu Yejiong , Jia Huidong , Wang Yun , Zeng Yida , Ji Mengmeng , Chang Hong , Zhang Xiuming , Wang Hui , Cui Zhanfeng 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThe pandemic coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 in the world has caused a large infected population suffering from COVID‐19. To curb the spreading of the virus, WHO urgently demanded an extension of screening and testing; thus, a rapid and simple diagnostic method is needed. We applied a reverse transcription‐loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (RT‐LAMP) to achieve the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in 30 min. We designed four sets of LAMP primers (6 primers in each set), targeting the viral RNA of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the regions of orf1ab, S gene and N gene. A colorimetric change was used to report the results, which enables the outcome of viral RNA amplification to be read by the naked eye without the need of expensive or dedicated instrument. The sensitivity can be 80 copies of viral RNA per ml in a sample. We validated the RT‐LAMP method in a hospital in China, employing 16 clinic samples with 8 positives and 8 negatives. The testing results are consistent with the conventional RT‐qPCR. In addition, we also show that one‐step process without RNA extraction is feasible to achieve RNA amplification directly from a sample. This rapid, simple and sensitive RT‐LAMP method paves a way for a large screening at public domain and hospitals, particularly regional hospitals and medical centres in rural areas.
Parental Family History of Alcohol Use Disorder and Neural Correlates of Response Inhibition in Children From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study
Authors: Lees Briana , Aguinaldo Laika , Squeglia Lindsay M. , Infante Maria Alejandra , Wade Natasha E. , Hernandez Mejia Margie , Jacobus Joanna 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundYouth whose parents have alcohol use disorder (AUD) are at higher risk for earlier initiation and greater magnitude of alcohol use, and have a higher likelihood of developing an AUD than their peers without parental history of AUD. This increased risk may be partly attributable to altered development of inhibitory control and related neural circuitry. This study examined neural activation during a motor response inhibition Stop Signal Task (SST) in substance‐naïve youth aged 9 to 10 years with and without parental family history of AUD.MethodsBaseline cross‐sectional survey and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were drawn from 6,898 youth in the US‐based Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Generalized additive mixed models were conducted to examine the association between maternal, paternal, and parental (both mother and father) family history of AUD with neural activation during successful and failed response inhibition. Family history interactions with sex and stratification by ethnicity were explored.ResultsOf 6,898 participants, 951 (14%) were family history positive for any parental AUD. Paternal history of AUD was associated with greater activation for successful inhibition in the right medial orbital frontal gyrus, compared to youth with no family history. Maternal history of AUD was associated with greater activation for failed response inhibition among females in the cerebellum, compared to females with no such history. Parental history (both mother and father) of AUD was associated with greater activation during successful inhibition in the left paracentral gyri and left superior parietal lobule. Maternal history and parental history of AUD findings were accounted for by a family history of substance use disorder in general. All effect sizes were relatively small.ConclusionsSubstance‐naïve children with a parental family history of AUD exhibit greater neural activation in some regions of the fronto‐basal ganglia and cerebellar networks when they successfully or unsuccessfully inhibit a response as compared to children with no such family history. This unique neural response pattern could reflect a compensatory response and may represent an inherent neurobiological vulnerability to risk‐related behaviors in these youth which will be examined in future longitudinal analyses of this cohort.
The Demographic and Neurocognitive Profile of Clients Diagnosed With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in PATCHES Paediatrics Clinics Across Western Australia and the Northern Territory
Authors: Connor Sophia , Tan Kuen Yee , Pestell Carmela F. , Fitzpatrick James P. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundFetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a diagnosis relating to neurocognitive impairments associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. A key aspect of improving FASD diagnostic processes and management is understanding the demographic and neurocognitive profile of those living with FASD. The aim of this study was to describe the demographic and neurocognitive profile of the first 199 individuals diagnosed with FASD in PATCHES Paediatrics clinics.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional descriptive study design was conducted with individuals diagnosed with FASD between 2013 and 2018 through a multidisciplinary team according to the Australian FASD Diagnostic Guidelines.ResultsParticipants were primarily male 133 (66.8%) and Aboriginal Australian 147 (73.9%), aged 2 to 31 (mean 10.5), with 94 (47.3%) from remote or very remote parts of Western Australia. Participants came from low 119 (59.8%), medium 48 (24.1%), and high 32 (16.1%) socioeconomic (SE) backgrounds. Low SE background was found to be a predictor of number of sentinel facial features (Wald χ2 (1) = 4.03, p < 0.05). Most received a diagnosis of FASD with <3 sentinel features 165 (82.9%). Participants either had 6 or more 46 (23.1%), 5 44 (22.1%), 4 55 (27.6%), or 3 (27.1%) neurodevelopmental domains impaired. Executive functioning was the most commonly impaired neurodevelopmental domain 158 (79.4%), and 31 (61%) reported sleep disturbance. ADHD was the most observed comorbid condition (41.7%).ConclusionsThis study improves our current understanding of neurocognitive and demographic profiles in individuals with FASD that have been clinically referred for diagnosis within Western Australia and the Northern Territory, and highlights the importance of prevention and early assessment/diagnosis as well as guidance regarding more targeted interventions. FASD affects individuals from all cultural and SE backgrounds. Individuals from middle to higher SE groups are at risk of FASD with prevention efforts needing to target these sectors of society. Suggestions for future research directions are also provided.
Northward shift in temperature sum isoclines may favour Ips typographus outbreaks in European Russia
Authors: Romashkin Ivan , Neuvonen Seppo , Tikkanen Olli‐Pekka 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
As the development of the eight‐toothed spruce bark beetle Ips typographus is temperature‐dependent, climate change may encourage development of its additional generations per year and facilitate mass outbreaks further north than previously known.
The aim of the study was to analyse historical changes in effective temperature sums (ETSs) and early season swarming weather for I. typographus in different forest zones of European Russia between 1960 and 2016. The difference in ETSs was analysed with linear regression using daily temperature data from the 30 meteorological stations. Historical data regarding the location of I. typographus outbreaks were examined and changes in their distribution during the entire study period were analysed.
There was a substantial increase in ETSs, especially in the latter half of the study period. Increased ETSs coincided with more favourable conditions for swarming of I. typographus. Areas with favourable ETSs for the complete development of bivoltine populations of I. typographus (>1500 DD) shifted northwards on average 450 km during the entire study period.
The northward shift of ETSs may enhance the transition from univoltine to bivoltine life cycles of I. typographus in the south and middle taiga and from bivoltine to trivoltine life cycles in conifer‐broadleaf forests.
Portal venous gas: different aetiologies and their respective outcomes
Authors: Daneshmand Ali , Parys Simon , Rao Sudako , Watanabe Yuki , Sieunarine Kishore 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundHistorically finding of portal venous gas (PVG) has been considered as an ominous sign and an indication for emergency surgery and reportedly has a high mortality rate. However, with the recent increasing use of imaging studies, cases of PVG associated with benign and non‐life‐threatening causes are increasing. The purpose of our study was to investigate the different aetiologies associated with PVG and their respective outcomes.MethodsA consecutive series of patients with PVG was identified in our group of tertiary hospitals in Western Australia over a 10‐year period. Collected data included patients' demographic data, comorbidities, blood tests results, underlying aetiology of the PVG, patients' management and their outcomes.ResultsDuring the study period of 2008 to 2018, 164 patients met the inclusion criteria. Male : Female 90 versus 74. Average age was 65.6. A diverse range of underlying causes identified broadly divided into thromboembolic events (n = 70), mechanical bowel obstruction (n = 29), inflammatory conditions (n = 37) and a wide range of other pathologies (n = 28). The overall mortality was 47.5%, however, varied depending on the underlying aetiology (14.3–72.8%).ConclusionOur study demonstrates that PVG is not always a fatal sign and that mortality varies significantly depending on the aetiology. Both the patient's presenting history and the clinical findings have to be considered to recognize benign aetiology of PVG on computed tomography imaging and the treatment should be directed to the underlying disease with consideration of the high mortality rate of PVG associated with ischaemic bowel.
Overweight, obesity and hyperandrogenemia are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus: A follow‐up cohort study
Authors: West Sammeli , Ollila Meri‐Maija , Franks Stephen , Piltonen Terhi , Jokelainen Jari , Nevalainen Jaana , Puukka Katri , Ruokonen Aimo , Järvelin Marjo‐Riitta , Auvinen Juha , Tapanainen Juha S. , Morin‐Papunen Laure 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the study was to determine the association of body mass index (BMI), self‐reported symptoms or diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and hyperandrogenemia with the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) through reproductive life.Material and methodsA cohort of women born in 1966 were investigated at ages 14, 31 and 46. Women with self‐reported PCOS symptoms (presence of both oligo‐amenorrhea and hirsutism) at age 31 or with formally diagnosed polycystic ovaries (PCO)/PCOS by age 46 formed the group of self‐reported PCOS (srPCOS, n = 222) and were compared with women without self‐reported PCOS symptoms or diagnosis (n = 1357). We investigated also the association of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism or biochemical hyperandrogenism) at age 31 with the occurrence of GDM throughout reproductive life.ResultsSelf‐reported PCOS alone was not a risk factor for GDM, but combined with overweight at age 31 (odds ratio [OR] 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22‐4.86) or 46 (OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.58‐5.83) srPCOS was associated with GDM when compared with normal weight controls. The association disappeared when comparing overweight srPCOS women with overweight controls. However, hyperandrogenemia at age 31, but not hirsutism, was associated with GDM even after adjustment for BMI.ConclusionsThe increased risk of GDM in women with srPCOS was mostly attributed to overweight or obesity. Importantly, normal weight women with srPCOS did not seem to be at increased risk for developing GDM. However, hyperandrogenemia was associated with GDM even after adjustment for BMI. These findings strengthen the importance of weight management in reproductive‐age women and suggest a noteworthy role of hyperandrogenemia in the pathophysiology of GDM.
Exploration of suitable pharmacodynamic parameters for acarbose bioequivalence evaluation: A series of clinical trials with branded acarbose
Authors: Huang Jie , Liu Wen‐yu , Yu Jing‐jing , Yang Jin‐bo , Li Min , Zou Chan , Guo Cheng‐xian , Yang Xiao‐yan , Yang Shuang , Xie Jin‐lian , Huang Zhi‐jun , Chen Hui , Pei Qi , Yang Guo‐ping 
Published: April 2020

AimsTo determine deficiencies in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s guidance for assessing acarbose bioequivalence (BE) and to explore optimal pharmacodynamic (PD) metrics for better evaluation of acarbose BE.MethodsThree clinical trials with branded acarbose were conducted in healthy subjects, including a pilot study (Study I, n = 11, 50 and 100 mg), a 2×2 crossover BE study (Study II, n = 36, 100 mg) and a 4×4 Williams study (Study III, n = 16, 50/100/150 mg). Serum glucose concentrations were measured by the glucose oxidase method.ResultsIn Study I, compared with 50 mg acarbose, only 100 mg acarbose had a significantly lower Cmax0–4h than that of sucrose administration alone (7.96 ± 0.83 mmol/L vs 6.78 ± 1.02 mmol/L, P < .05). In Study II, the geometric mean ratios of the test formulation to the reference formulation (both formulations were the branded drug) for FDA PD metrics, ΔCmax0–4h and ΔAUC0–4h, were 0.903 and 0.776, respectively, and the 90% confidence intervals were 67.44–120.90 and 53.65–112.13, respectively. The geometric mean ratios (confidence interval) for possible optimal evaluation PD metrics (Cmax0–2h and AUC0–2h) were 1.035 (94.23–112.68) and 0.982 (89.28–107.17), respectively. Further, Cmax0–2h and AUC0–2h also met the sensitivity requirements for BE evaluation in Study III.ConclusionConsidering the mechanisms of action of acarbose, the PD effect was shown to be dose independent during the 2–4 hours postadministration of acarbose. Hence PD metrics based on the serum glucose concentration from 0 to 2 hours (Cmax0–2h and AUC0–2h) are more sensitive than the FDA‐recommended PD metrics for acarbose BE evaluation from 0–4 hours (ΔCmax0–4h and ΔAUC0–4h).The trial has been registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR1800015795, ChiCTR‐IIR‐17013918, ChiCTR‐IIR‐17011903). All subjects provided written informed consent before screening.
Rethinking patient involvement in healthcare priority setting
Authors: Sandman Lars , Hofmann Bjorn , Bognar Greg 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWith healthcare systems under pressure from scarcity of resources and ever‐increasing demand for services, difficult priority setting choices need to be made. At the same time, increased attention to patient involvement in a wide range of settings has given rise to the idea that those who are eventually affected by priority setting decisions should have a say in those decisions. In this paper, we investigate arguments for the inclusion of patient representatives in priority setting bodies at the policy level. We find that the standard justifications for patient representation, such as to achieve patient‐relevant decisions, empowerment of patients, securing legitimacy of decisions, and the analogy with democracy, all fall short of supporting patient representation in this context. We conclude by briefly outlining an alternative proposal for patient participation that involves patient consultants.
Long‐term follow‐up after radiotherapy for prostate cancer with and without rectal hydrogel spacer: a pooled prospective evaluation of bowel‐associated quality of life
Authors: Seymour Zachary A. , Hamstra Daniel A. , Daignault‐Newton Stephanie , Bosch Walter , Michalski Jeffery , Gay Hiram A. , Pinkawa Michael 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the long‐term bowel‐associated quality of life (QOL) in men after radiotherapy (RT) for prostate cancer with and without the use of rectal hydrogel spacer.Patients and MethodsThe patients’ QOL was examined using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) and mean changes from baseline in EPIC domains were evaluated. A total of 215 patients from a randomised multi‐institutional trial of RT, with or without hydrogel spacer, with a QOL endpoint were pooled with 165 non‐randomised patients from a single institution with prospective QOL collection in patients with or without hydrogel spacer. The proportions of men with minimally important differences (MIDs) relative to pre‐treatment baseline in the bowel domain were tested using repeated measure logistic models with a pre‐specified threshold for clinically significant declines (≥5 equivalent to MIDx1 and ≥10 equivalent to MIDx2).ResultsA total of 380 men were evaluated (64% with spacer and 36% without) with QOL data being available for 199 men with >24 months of follow‐up [median (range) 39.5 (31–71.4) months]. Treatment with spacer was associated with less decline in average long‐term bowel QOL (89.4 for control and 94.7 for spacer) with differences at >24 months meeting the threshold of a MID difference between cohorts (bowel score difference from baseline: control = −5.1, spacer = 0.3, difference = −5.4; P < 0.001). When evaluated over time men without spacer were more likely to have MIDx1 (5 points) declines in bowel QOL (P = 0.01). At long‐term follow‐up MIDx1 was 36% without spacer vs 14% with spacer (P <0.001; odds ratio [OR] 3.5, 95% CI 1.7–6.9) while MIDx2 was seen in 19% vs 6% (P = 0.008; OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.4–9.1). The use of spacer was associated with less urgency with bowel movements (P = 0.002) and fewer loose stools (P = 0.009), as well as less bother with urgency (P = 0.007) and frequency of bowel movements (P = 0.009).ConclusionsIn this pooled analysis of QOL after prostate RT with up to 5 years of follow‐up, use of a rectal spacer was associated with preservation of bowel QOL. This QOL benefit was preserved with long‐term follow‐up.
Bayesian assessment of Lorenz and stochastic dominance
Authors: Lander David , Gunawan David , Griffiths William , Chotikapanich Duangkamon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe introduce a Bayesian approach for assessing Lorenz and stochastic dominance. For two income distributions, say X and Y, estimated via Markov chain Monte Carlo, we describe how to compute posterior probabilities for: (i) X dominates Y, (ii) Y dominates X and (iii) neither Y nor X dominates. The proposed approach is applied to Indonesian income distributions using mixtures of gamma densities that ensure flexible modelling. Probability curves depicting the probability of dominance at each population proportion are used to explain changes in dominance probabilities over restricted ranges relevant for poverty orderings. They also explain some seemingly contradictory outcomes from the p‐values of some sampling theory tests.