bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses in animal health, performance, and on-farm food safety: a scoping review
Authors: Vriezen Rachael , Sargeant Jan M. , Vriezen Ellen , Reist Mark , Winder Charlotte B. , O'Connor Annette M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSystematic reviews and meta-analyses are used to summarize and interpret evidence for clinical decision-making in human health. The extent of the application of these methods in veterinary medicine and animal agriculture is unknown. The goal of this scoping study was to ascertain trends in the publication of systematic reviews and meta-analyses examining animal health, animal performance, and on-farm food safety. Online databases were searched for reviews published between 1993 and 2018 that focused on relevant outcomes in domestic livestock, companion animals, or wildlife species. In total 1787 titles and abstracts underwent data characterization. Dairy cattle, fish, and pigs were the most common target commodity groups. Few articles investigated both health and performance outcomes (only health:n= 418; only performance:n= 701; both health and performance:n= 103). Most of the reviews (67.6%,n= 1208/1787) described a meta-analysis but did not state in the title or abstract that a systematic review was also conducted, which is potentially problematic. Adherence to reporting guidelines is recommended for all systematic reviews and meta-analyses. For research areas with many reviews, an evidence repository is recommended. For less well-reviewed areas, additional investigation may be necessary to identify the reasons for the lack of synthesis research.
Editorial: Systematic reviews reveal a need for more, better data to inform antimicrobial stewardship practices in animal agriculture
Authors: Sargeant Jan M. , O'Connor Annette M. , Winder Charlotte B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis editorial summarizes the key observations from a special issue ofAnimal Health Research Reviewscomprising 14 articles related to the efficacy of antimicrobial and non-antimicrobial approaches to reduce disease in beef, dairy cattle, swine, and broiler chickens. The articles used evidence-based methods, including scoping reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and network meta-analyses. Despite finding evidence of efficacy for some of the interventions examined, across the body of research, there was a lack of replication and inconsistency in outcomes among the included trials, and concerns related to completeness of reporting and trial design and execution. There is an urgent need for more and better data to inform antimicrobial stewardship practices in animal agriculture.
The Policy on Children of the ICC Office of the Prosecutor: Toward greater accountability for crimes against and affecting children
Authors: Amann Diane Marie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Policy on Children published by the International Criminal Court (ICC) Office of the Prosecutor in 2016 represents a significant step toward accountability for harms to children in armed conflict and similar situations of extreme violence. This article describes the process that led to the Policy and outlines the Policy's contents. It then surveys relevant ICC practice and related developments, concluding that despite some salutary efforts, much remains to be done to recognize, prevent and punish the spectrum of conflicted-related crimes against or affecting children.
Localized Heating of the Martian Topside Ionosphere Through the Combined Effects of Magnetic Pumping by Large‐Scale Magnetosonic Waves and Pitch Angle Diffusion by Whistler Waves
Authors: Fowler C. M. , Agapitov O. V. , Xu S. , Mitchell D. L. , Andersson L. , Artemyev A. , Espley J. , Ergun R. E. , Mazelle C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe present Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations of periodic (
25 s) large‐scale (hundreds of km) magnetosonic waves propagating into the Martian dayside upper ionosphere. These waves adiabatically modulate the superthermal electron distribution function, and the induced electron temperature anisotropies drive the generation of observed electromagnetic whistler waves. The localized (in altitude) minimum in the ratio
pe/
ce provides conditions favorable for the local enhancement of efficient wave‐particle interactions, so that the induced whistlers act back on the superthermal electron population to isotropize the plasma through pitch angle scattering. These wave‐particle interactions break the adiabaticity of the large‐scale magnetosonic wave compressions, leading to local heating of the superthermal electrons during compressive wave “troughs.” Further evidence of this heating is observed as the subsequent phase shift between the observed perpendicular‐to‐parallel superthermal electron temperatures and compressive wave fronts. This heating mechanism may be important at other unmagnetized bodies.
Evidence for Multiple Superposed Fluvial Deposits Within Reuyl Crater, Mars
Authors: Vijayan S. , Sinha Rishitosh K. , Harish  , Anilkumar Ritu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractReuyl is an 85‐km‐diameter crater located east of the Aeolis Dorsa region. We present results from geomorphic mapping and high‐resolution image analyses of Reuyl to understand the provenance of alluvial fans, superposed deposits, channels, and sinuous ridges. We distinguish 29 fans or other deposits associated with channels based on their characteristics. Two sinuous ridges are associated with the alluvial fans formed between the wall and peak region. On the southern floor, a sinuous ridge associated with an alluvial fan with channel inversion is orthogonally superposed by another wall‐originated fan deposit. On the western floor, a sinuous ridge associated with an alluvial fan is superposed by wall‐originated deposits. We also observe bajadas, stacked deposits, deposits with incised channels, and overlapping fan ridges, which suggest diverse and long‐lived depositional activity related to a fluvial environment. The central peak is surrounded by a mound deposit with several discontinuous channels. One large fan from the western wall appears more intact than the others, being less eroded and lacking ridges. Reuyl aged as ~3.63 Ga, whereas the first‐order analysis of the fan deposits implies ~3.5 Ga and the large intact deposit is estimated to belong to the Amazonian epoch. We suggest that Reuyl crater likely witnessed and recorded the transition from alluvial fan to large younger intact deposits, which possibly suggests a decrease in water/volatile‐related activity and/or change in sediment supply. Overall, the diverse superposed fan deposits within Reuyl reveal noncoeval activity and provide comprehensive evidence for long‐lived fluvial activity during the post‐Noachian epoch.
Subsurface Radiation Environment of Mars and Its Implication for Shielding Protection of Future Habitats
Authors: Röstel Lennart , Guo Jingnan , Banjac Saša , Wimmer‐Schweingruber Robert F. , Heber Bernd 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn order to quantify the optimal radiation shielding depth on Mars in preparation for future human habitats on the red planet, it is important to understand the Martian radiation environment and its dependence on the planetary atmospheric and geological properties. With this motivation we calculate the absorbed dose and equivalent dose rates induced by galactic cosmic ray particles at varying heights above and below the Martian surface considering various subsurface compositions (ranging from dry rock to water‐rich regolith). The state‐of‐the‐art Atmospheric Radiation Interaction Simulator based on GEometry And Tracking Monte Carlo method has been employed for simulating particle interaction with the Martian atmosphere as well as subsurface materials. We calculate the absorbed dose in two different phantoms: a thin silicon slab and a water sphere. The former is used to validate our model against the surface measurement by the Radiation Assessment Detector on the Curiosity rover, while the later is used to approximate a human torso, also for evaluation of the biologically weighted equivalent dose. We find that the amount of hydrogen contained in the water‐rich regolith plays an important role in reducing the equivalent dose through modulation of neutron flux (below 10 MeV). This effective shielding by underground water is also present above the surface, providing an indirect shielding for potential human explorations at this region. For long‐term habitats seeking the Martian natural surface material as protection, we also estimate the optimal shielding depth, for different given subsurface compositions, under maximum, average, and minimum heliospheric modulation conditions.
Chemically resistant and thermally stable quantum dots prepared by shell encapsulation with cross-linkable block copolymer ligands
Authors: Ko Jaewan , Jeong Byeong Guk , Chang Jun Hyuk , Joung Joonyoung F. , Yoon Suk-Young , Lee Doh C. , Park Sungnam , Huh June , Yang Heesun , Bae Wan Ki , Jang Se Gyu , Bang Joona 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEndowing quantum dots (QDs) with robustness and durability have been one of the most important issues in this field, since the major limitations of QDs in practical applications are their thermal and oxidative instabilities. In this work, we propose a facile and effective passivation method to enhance the photochemical stability of QDs using polymeric double shell structures from thiol-terminated poly(methyl methacrylate-b-glycidyl methacrylate) (P(MMA-b-GMA)-SH) block copolymer ligands. To generate a densely cross-linked network, the cross-linking reaction of GMA epoxides in the PGMA block was conducted using a Lewis acid catalyst under an ambient environment to avoid affecting the photophysical properties of the pristine QDs. This provides QDs encapsulated with robust double layers consisting of highly transparent PMMA outer-shell and oxidation-protective cross-linked inner shell. Consequently, the resulting QDs exhibited exceptional tolerance to heat and oxidants when dispersed in organic solvents or QD-nanocomposite films, as demonstrated under various harsh conditions with respect to temperature and oxidant species. The present approach not only provides simple yet effective chemical means to enhance the thermochemical stability of QDs, but also offers a promising platform for the hybridization of QDs with polymeric materials for developing robust light-emitting or light-harvesting devices.
Exploiting horizontal pleiotropy to search for causal pathways within a Mendelian randomization framework
Authors: Cho Yoonsu , Haycock Philip C. , Sanderson Eleanor , Gaunt Tom R. , Zheng Jie , Morris Andrew P. , Davey Smith George , Hemani Gibran 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, variants that exert horizontal pleiotropy are typically treated as a nuisance. However, they could be valuable in identifying alternative pathways to the traits under investigation. Here, we develop MR-TRYX, a framework that exploits horizontal pleiotropy to discover putative risk factors for disease. We begin by detecting outliers in a single exposure–outcome MR analysis, hypothesising they are due to horizontal pleiotropy. We search across hundreds of complete GWAS summary datasets to systematically identify other (candidate) traits that associate with the outliers. We develop a multi-trait pleiotropy model of the heterogeneity in the exposure–outcome analysis due to pathways through candidate traits. Through detailed investigation of several causal relationships, many pleiotropic pathways are uncovered with already established causal effects, validating the approach, but also alternative putative causal pathways. Adjustment for pleiotropic pathways reduces the heterogeneity across the analyses.
Klf5 acetylation regulates luminal differentiation of basal progenitors in prostate development and regeneration
Authors: Zhang Baotong , Ci Xinpei , Tao Ran , Ni Jianping Jenny , Xuan Xiaoyan , King Jamie L. , Xia Siyuan , Li Yixiang , Frierson Henry F. , Lee Dong-Kee , Xu Jianming , Osunkoya Adeboye O. , Dong Jin-Tang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractProstate development depends on balanced cell proliferation and differentiation, and acetylated KLF5 is known to alter epithelial proliferation. It remains elusive whether post-translational modifications of transcription factors can differentially determine adult stem/progenitor cell fate. Here we report that, in human and mouse prostates, Klf5 is expressed in both basal and luminal cells, with basal cells preferentially expressing acetylated Klf5. Functionally, Klf5 is indispensable for maintaining basal progenitors, their luminal differentiation, and the proliferation of their basal and luminal progenies. Acetylated Klf5 is also essential for basal progenitors’ maintenance and proper luminal differentiation, as deacetylation of Klf5 causes excess basal-to-luminal differentiation; attenuates androgen-mediated organoid organization; and retards postnatal prostate development. In basal progenitor-derived luminal cells, Klf5 deacetylation increases their proliferation and attenuates their survival and regeneration following castration and subsequent androgen restoration. Mechanistically, Klf5 deacetylation activates Notch signaling. Klf5 and its acetylation thus contribute to postnatal prostate development and regeneration by controlling basal progenitor cell fate.
Serial protein crystallography in an electron microscope
Authors: Bücker Robert , Hogan-Lamarre Pascal , Mehrabi Pedram , Schulz Eike C. , Bultema Lindsey A. , Gevorkov Yaroslav , Brehm Wolfgang , Yefanov Oleksandr , Oberthür Dominik , Kassier Günther H. , Dwayne Miller R. J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSerial X-ray crystallography at free-electron lasers allows to solve biomolecular structures from sub-micron-sized crystals. However, beam time at these facilities is scarce, and involved sample delivery techniques are required. On the other hand, rotation electron diffraction (MicroED) has shown great potential as an alternative means for protein nano-crystallography. Here, we present a method for serial electron diffraction of protein nanocrystals combining the benefits of both approaches. In a scanning transmission electron microscope, crystals randomly dispersed on a sample grid are automatically mapped, and a diffraction pattern at fixed orientation is recorded from each at a high acquisition rate. Dose fractionation ensures minimal radiation damage effects. We demonstrate the method by solving the structure of granulovirus occlusion bodies and lysozyme to resolutions of 1.55 Å and 1.80 Å, respectively. Our method promises to provide rapid structure determination for many classes of materials with minimal sample consumption, using readily available instrumentation.
Nanofabrication for all-soft and high-density electronic devices based on liquid metal
Authors: Kim Min-gu , Brown Devin K. , Brand Oliver 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInnovations in soft material synthesis and fabrication technologies have led to the development of integrated soft electronic devices. Such soft devices offer opportunities to interact with biological cells, mimicking their soft environment. However, existing fabrication technologies cannot create the submicron-scale, soft transducers needed for healthcare and medical applications involving single cells. This work presents a nanofabrication strategy to create submicron-scale, all-soft electronic devices based on eutectic gallium-indium alloy (EGaIn) using a hybrid method utilizing electron-beam lithography and soft lithography. The hybrid lithography process is applied to a biphasic structure, comprising a metallic adhesion layer coated with EGaIn, to create soft nano/microstructures embedded in elastomeric materials. Submicron-scale EGaIn thin-film patterning with feature sizes as small as 180 nm and 1 μm line spacing was achieved, resulting in the highest resolution EGaIn patterning technique to date. The resulting soft and stretchable EGaIn patterns offer a currently unrivaled combination of resolution, electrical conductivity, and electronic/wiring density.
Optogenetic modulation of TDP-43 oligomerization accelerates ALS-related pathologies in the spinal motor neurons
Authors: Asakawa Kazuhide , Handa Hiroshi , Kawakami Koichi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 characterizes degenerating neurons in most cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we develop an optogenetic TDP-43 variant (opTDP-43), whose multimerization status can be modulated in vivo through external light illumination. Using the translucent zebrafish neuromuscular system, we demonstrate that short-term light stimulation reversibly induces cytoplasmic opTDP-43 mislocalization, but not aggregation, in the spinal motor neuron, leading to an axon outgrowth defect associated with myofiber denervation. In contrast, opTDP-43 forms pathological aggregates in the cytoplasm after longer-term illumination and seeds non-optogenetic TDP-43 aggregation. Furthermore, we find that an ALS-linked mutation in the intrinsically disordered region (IDR) exacerbates the light-dependent opTDP-43 toxicity on locomotor behavior. Together, our results propose that IDR-mediated TDP-43 oligomerization triggers both acute and long-term pathologies of motor neurons, which may be relevant to the pathogenesis and progression of ALS.
Universal slow plasmons and giant field enhancement in atomically thin quasi-two-dimensional metals
Authors: da Jornada Felipe H. , Xian Lede , Rubio Angel , Louie Steven G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlasmons depend strongly on dimensionality: while plasmons in three-dimensional systems start with finite energy at wavevector q = 0, plasmons in traditional two-dimensional (2D) electron gas disperse as $$\omega _p \sim \sqrt q$$

ω

p

~

q

. However, besides graphene, plasmons in real, atomically thin quasi-2D materials were heretofore not well understood. Here we show that the plasmons in real quasi-2D metals are qualitatively different, being virtually dispersionless for wavevectors of typical experimental interest. This stems from a broken continuous translational symmetry which leads to interband screening; so, dispersionless plasmons are a universal intrinsic phenomenon in quasi-2D metals. Moreover, our ab initio calculations reveal that plasmons of monolayer metallic transition metal dichalcogenides are tunable, long lived, able to sustain field intensity enhancement exceeding 107, and localizable in real space (within ~20 nm) with little spreading over practical measurement time. This opens the possibility of tracking plasmon wave packets in real time for novel imaging techniques in atomically thin materials.
World Trade Center-Cardiorespiratory and Vascular Dysfunction: Assessing the Phenotype and Metabolome of a Murine Particulate Matter Exposure Model
Authors: Veerappan Arul , Oskuei Assad , Crowley George , Mikhail Mena , Ostrofsky Dean , Gironda Zakia , Vaidyanathan Sandhya , Wadghiri Youssef Zaim , Liu Mengling , Kwon Sophia , Nolan Anna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVascular changes occur early in the development of obstructive airways disease. However, the vascular remodeling and dysfunction due to World Trade Center-Particulate Matter (WTC-PM) exposure are not well described and are therefore the focus of this investigation. C57Bl/6 female mice oropharyngeally aspirated 200 µg of WTC-PM53 or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (controls). 24-hours (24-hrs) and 1-Month (1-M) after exposure, echocardiography, micro-positron emission tomography(µ-PET), collagen quantification, lung metabolomics, assessment of antioxidant potential and soluble-receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) and plasma were performed. 24-hrs post-exposure, there was a significant reduction in (1) Pulmonary artery(PA) flow-velocity and pulmonary ejection time(PET) (2) Pulmonary acceleration time(PAT) and PAT/PET, while (3) Aortic ejection time(AET) and velocity time integral(VTI) were increased, and (4) Aortic acceleration time (AAT)/AET, cardiac output and stroke volume were decreased compared to controls. 1-M post-exposure, there was also significant reduction of right ventricular diameter as right ventricle free wall thickness was increased and an increase in tricuspid E, A peaks and an elevated E/A. The pulmonary and cardiac standard uptake value and volume 1-M post-exposure was significantly elevated after PM-exposure. Similarly, α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) expression, aortic collagen deposition was elevated 1-M after PM exposure. In assessment of the metabolome, prominent subpathways included advanced glycation end products (AGEs), phosphatidylcholines, sphingolipids, saturated/unsaturated fatty acids, eicosanoids, and phospholipids. BAL superoxide dismutase(SOD), plasma total-antioxidant capacity activity, and sRAGE (BAL and plasma) were elevated after 24-hrs. PM exposure and associated vascular disease are a global health burden. Our study shows persistent WTC-Cardiorespiratory and Vascular Dysfunction (WTC-CaRVD), inflammatory changes and attenuation of antioxidant potential after PM exposure. Early detection of vascular disease is crucial to preventing cardiovascular deaths and future work will focus on further identification of bioactive therapeutic targets.
New insights into cheddar cheese microbiota-metabolome relationships revealed by integrative analysis of multi-omics data
Authors: Afshari Roya , Pillidge Christopher J. , Read Elizabeth , Rochfort Simone , Dias Daniel A. , Osborn A. Mark , Gill Harsharn 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCheese microbiota and metabolites and their inter-relationships that underpin specific cheese quality attributes remain poorly understood. Here we report that multi-omics and integrative data analysis (multiple co-inertia analysis, MCIA) can be used to gain deeper insights into these relationships and identify microbiota and metabolite fingerprints that could be used to monitor product quality and authenticity. Our study into different brands of artisanal and industrial cheddar cheeses showed that Streptococcus, Lactococcus and Lactobacillus were the dominant taxa with overall microbial community structures differing not only between industrial and artisanal cheeses but also among different cheese brands. Metabolome analysis also revealed qualitative and semi-quantitative differences in metabolites between different cheeses. This also included the presence of two compounds (3-hydroxy propanoic acid and O-methoxycatechol-O-sulphate) in artisanal cheese that have not been previously reported in any type of cheese. Integrative analysis of multi-omics datasets revealed that highly similar cheeses, identical in age and appearance, could be distinctively clustered according to cheese type and brand. Furthermore, the analysis detected strong relationships, some previously unknown, which existed between the cheese microbiota and metabolome, and uncovered specific taxa and metabolites that contributed to these relationships. These results highlight the potential of this approach for identifying product specific microbe/metabolite signatures that could be used to monitor and control cheese quality and product authenticity.