bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Column Density, Kinematics, and Thermal State of Metal-bearing Gas within the Virial Radius of z ∼ 2 Star-forming Galaxies in the Keck Baryonic Structure Survey
Authors: Rudie Gwen C. , Steidel Charles C. , Pettini Max , Trainor Ryan F. , Strom Allison L. , Hummels Cameron B. , Reddy Naveen A. , Shapley Alice E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We present results from the Keck Baryonic Structure Survey (KBSS) including the first detailed measurements of the column densities, kinematics, and internal energy of metal-bearing gas within the virial radius (35–100 physical kpc) of eight ∼L* galaxies at z ∼ 2. From our full sample of 130 metal-bearing absorbers, we infer that halo gas is kinematically complex when viewed in singly, doubly, and triply ionized species. Broad O vi and C iv absorbers are detected at velocities similar to the lower-ionization gas but with a very different kinematic structure, indicating that the circumgalactic medium (CGM) is multiphase. There is a high covering fraction of metal-bearing gas within 100 kpc, including highly ionized gas such as O vi; however, observations of a single galaxy probed by a lensed background QSO suggest the size of metal-bearing clouds is small (<400 pc for all but the O vi-bearing gas). The mass in metals found within the halo is substantial, equivalent to ≳25% of the metal mass within the interstellar medium. The gas kinematics unambiguously show that 70% of galaxies with detected metal absorption have some unbound metal-enriched gas, suggesting galactic winds may commonly eject gas from halos at z ∼ 2. When modeled assuming that ions with different ionization potentials can originate within a single gaseous structure, significant thermal broadening is detected in CGM absorbers that dominates the internal energy of the gas. Some 40% of the detected gas has temperatures in the range 104.5–5.5 K where cooling times are short, suggesting the CGM is dynamic, with constant heating or cooling to produce this short-lived thermal phase.
Broadband X-Ray Constraints on the Accreting Black Hole in Quasar 4C 74.26
Authors: Tzanavaris P. , Yaqoob T. , LaMassa S. , Yukita M. , Ptak A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
X-ray data for quasar 4C 74.26 have previously been modeled with a broad Fe Kα emission line and reflection continuum originating in the inner part of the accretion disk around the central supermassive black hole (SMBH), i.e., the strong-gravity regime. We modeled broadband X-ray spectra from Suzaku and NuSTAR with mytorus, self-consistently accounting for Fe Kα line emission, as well as direct and reflected continuum emission, from matter with a finite column density. A narrow Fe Kα emission line originating in an X-ray reprocessor with solar Fe abundance far from the central SMBH is sufficient to produce excellent fits for all spectra. For the first time, we are able to measure the global column density, out of the line of sight, to be in the range ∼1.5 to ∼

, i.e., in the Compton-thick regime, while the line-of-sight column density is Compton-thin in all observations. The Fe Kα emission line is unresolved in all observations but one. The Compton-scattered continuum from distant matter removes the need for relativistic broadening of the Fe Kα emission line, which is required for SMBH spin measurements. The resolved line observation can alternatively be modeled with a relativistic model but we do not find evidence for a truncated accretion disk model. We conclude that the X-ray emission in these 4C 74.26 data is unlikely to originate in the inner accretion disk region and thus cannot be used to measure SMBH spin.
Anatomy of a Cooling Flow: The Feedback Response to Pure Cooling in the Core of the Phoenix Cluster
Authors: McDonald M. , McNamara B. R. , Voit G. M. , Bayliss M. , Benson B. A. , Brodwin M. , Canning R. E. A. , Florian M. K. , Garmire G. P. , Gaspari M. , Gladders M. D. , Hlavacek-Larrondo J. , Kara E. , Reichardt C. L. , Russell H. R. , Saro A. , Sharon K. , Somboonpanyakul T. , Tremblay G. R. , Weeren R. J. van 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We present new, deep observations of the Phoenix cluster from Chandra, the Hubble Space Telescope, and the Karl Jansky Very Large Array. These data provide an order-of-magnitude improvement in depth and/or angular resolution over previous observations at X-ray, optical, and radio wavelengths. We find that the one-dimensional temperature and entropy profiles are consistent with expectations for pure-cooling models. In particular, the entropy profile is well fit by a single power law at all radii, with no evidence for excess entropy in the core. In the inner ∼10 kpc, the cooling time is shorter than any other known cluster by an order of magnitude, while the ratio of the cooling time to freefall time (t
cool/t
ff) approaches unity, signaling that the intracluster medium is unable to resist multiphase condensation on kpc scales. The bulk of the cooling in the inner ∼20 kpc is confined to a low-entropy filament extending northward from the central galaxy, with t
cool/t
ff ∼ 1 over the length of the filament. In this filament, we find evidence for ∼1010
M
⊙ in cool (∼104 K) gas (as traced by the [O ii]λλ3726,3729 doublet), which is coincident with the low-entropy filament and absorbing soft X-rays. The bulk of this cool gas is draped around and behind a pair of X-ray cavities, presumably bubbles that have been inflated by radio jets. These data support a picture in which active galactic nucleus feedback is promoting the formation of a multiphase medium via uplift of low-entropy gas, either via ordered or chaotic (turbulent) motions.
Particle Acceleration at the Pileup Collision of the Twin Shock
Authors: Wang Xin , Giacalone Joe , Yan Yihua , Ding Mingde , Li Chuan , Lu Hong , Shan Hao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ground-level enhancement (GLE) events are often associated with large gradual solar events such as fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs), but not all fast CMEs lead to GLE events. Is there a type of coordinated CME that could produce GLEs with larger intensity and higher energies than those in the normal fast isolated CMEs? Here we propose a twin-shock scenario driven by the twin CME coordinately, in which the posterior shock catches up with the preceding shock and has a pileup collision. In the present study, we chose the first GLE event of the solar cycle 24 occurring on 2012 May 17 as an example to investigate the probable association with the twin-shock scenario. We use a dynamic Monte Carlo method to examine the energy spectrum with relevance to the GLE event. In the twin-shock scenario, the seed energetic particles produced by the normal preceding shock can be injected into the posterior shock for reacceleration efficiently. As a result, we obtain the detailed energy spectrum of the solar energetic particles (SEPs) with different behaviors at the related episodes of the twin-shock evolution. Therefore, we predict that the pileup collision of the twin shock would dominate a concave energy spectral slope in the 2012 May 17 SEP event.
The Cosmic Distance Duality Relation with Strong Lensing and Gravitational Waves: An Opacity-free Test
Authors: Liao Kai 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) is a fundamental rule in cosmological studies. Given the redshift z, it relates luminosity distance D

L
with angular diameter distance D

A
through

. Many efforts have been made to test CDDR with various observational approaches. However, to the best of our knowledge, those methods are always affected by cosmic opacity, which could violate CDDR owing to the non-conservation of photon number. Such a mechanism is more related to astroparticle physics. In this work, in order to directly study the nature of spacetime, i.e., to disentangle it from astroparticle physics, we propose a new strategy to test CDDR, with strong lensing providing D

A
and gravitational waves (GWs) providing D

L
. It is known that the propagation of GWs is unaffected by cosmic opacity. We demonstrate that distances from observations of optical lensing are also opacity-free. These two kinds of distance measurements make it possible to test spacetime. Our results show that the constraints on the deviations of CDDR will be very competitive with current techniques.
CHIME/FRB Discovery of Eight New Repeating Fast Radio Burst Sources
Authors:   The CHIME/FRB Collaboration, Andersen B. C. , Bandura K. , Bhardwaj M. , Boubel P. , Boyce M. M. , Boyle P. J. , Brar C. , Cassanelli T. , Chawla P. , Cubranic D. , Deng M. , Dobbs M. , Fandino M. , Fonseca E. , Gaensler B. M. , Gilbert A. J. , Giri U. , Good D. C. , Halpern M. , Hill A. S. , Hinshaw G. , Höfer C. , Josephy A. , Kaspi V. M. , Kothes R. , Landecker T. L. , Lang D. A. , Li D. Z. , Lin H.-H. , Masui K. W. , Mena-Parra J. , Merryfield M. , Mckinven R. , Michilli D. , Milutinovic N. , Naidu A. , Newburgh L. B. , Ng C. , Patel C. , Pen U. , Pinsonneault-Marotte T. , Pleunis Z. , Rafiei-Ravandi M. , Rahman M. , Ransom S. M. , Renard A. , Scholz P. , Siegel S. R. , Singh S. , Smith K. M. , Stairs I. H. , Tendulkar S. P. , Tretyakov I. , Vanderlinde K. , Yadav P. , Zwaniga A. V. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We report on the discovery of eight repeating fast radio burst (FRB) sources found using the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) telescope. These sources span a dispersion measure (DM) range of 103.5–1281 pc cm−3. They display varying degrees of activity: six sources were detected twice, another three times, and one 10 times. These eight repeating FRBs likely represent the bright and/or high-rate end of a distribution of infrequently repeating sources. For all sources, we determine sky coordinates with uncertainties of ∼10′. FRB 180916.J0158+65 has a burst-averaged DM = 349.2 ± 0.3 pc cm−3 and a low DM excess over the modeled Galactic maximum (as low as ∼20 pc cm−3); this source also has a Faraday rotation measure (RM) of −114.6 ± 0.6 rad m−2, which is much lower than the RM measured for FRB 121102. FRB 181030.J1054+73 has the lowest DM for a repeater, 103.5 ± 0.3 pc cm−3, with a DM excess of ∼70 pc cm−3. Both sources are interesting targets for multi-wavelength follow-up due to their apparent proximity. The DM distribution of our repeater sample is statistically indistinguishable from that of the first 12 CHIME/FRB sources that have not yet repeated. We find, with 4σ significance, that repeater bursts are generally wider than those of CHIME/FRB bursts that have not repeated, suggesting different emission mechanisms. Many of our repeater events show complex morphologies that are reminiscent of the first two discovered repeating FRBs. The repetitive behavior of these sources will enable interferometric localizations and subsequent host galaxy identifications.
Malaise dans le quartier. De quoi le sentiment d’insécurité est-il le symptôme ?
Authors: Vallet Pascal 
Published: October 2019

L’article traite de l’interprétation de situations quotidiennes du point de vue peu étudié d’habitants qui éprouvent un sentiment d’insécurité. En s’appuyant sur les résultats d’une enquête réalisée à Montreynaud, un quartier de Saint-Étienne classé en zone de sécurité prioritaire, il présente trois profils d’habitants anxieux (c’est-à-dire éprouvant une anxiété sécuritaire) : celui des propriétaires qui se sentent « piégés », celui des locataires exaspérés par les incivilités, et celui des femmes inquiètes pour leurs enfants. Ces inquiétudes correspondent à trois expressions d’un malaise plus général, et l’article montre aussi que ce malaise, qui s’objective dans des ressentiments, dans l’ethnicisation des rapports entre groupes sociaux ou dans des inquiétudes quant à l’avenir familial, est aussi traversé par le sentiment d’abandon.
Erosive Retinopathy and Retinal Detachment From Depot Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection at the End of Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: Sisk Robert A. , Patel Yogin P. , Foster Robert E. , Petersen Michael R. 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) used as a surgical adjuvant for pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) can stain cortical vitreous, control postoperative inflammation, and reduce retinal edema. Sterile endophthalmitis uncommonly complicates office-based IVTA injection. The authors report a new complication of IVTA depot injection at the end of PPV.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective records review of all patients treated at the Cincinnati Eye Institute with PPV between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2017, who developed a triad of sterile endophthalmitis, atrophic retinal breaks under the depot IVTA in the inferior retina, and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Eyes with flap tears, solely superior breaks, or stretch holes from proliferative vitreoretinopathy causing RRD were excluded.

RESULTS:
Eight eyes of eight patients (four males and four females; mean age: 73.7 years) who received 4 mg or 8 mg IVTA depot at the end of PPV surgery presented at a mean of 23.5 days following PPV with RRD (one macula-involving, seven macula-sparing), requiring treatment with PPV in six eyes and laser retinopexy alone in two eyes. Seven eyes that underwent membrane peeling (MP) received IVT to prevent cystoid macular edema (CME) and one eye with prior MP was treated for CME. Mean vitreous inflammation was 2+ cell at 1 week postoperatively. Two patients had documented sterile endophthalmitis within the first week requiring vitreous cultures and antibiotics injections. Visual acuity (VA) for eyes requiring PPV for RD repair declined from 20/90 preoperatively to 20/212 at 6 months postoperatively. VA for eyes amenable to laser alone improved from 20/53 to 20/35. All eyes remained attached, with the exception of one patient who refused further treatment after developing recurrent detachment from PVR.

CONCLUSIONS:
Particle-induced sterile endophthalmitis from IVTA depot at the end of PPV surgery resulted in atrophic inferior retinal breaks and RRD as a newly described entity coined “erosive retinopathy.” All retinal detachment surgeries required silicone oil tamponade. Poor visual outcome at 6 months was common for eyes requiring PPV for RD repair. The authors recommend avoiding IVTA depot injection at the end of PPV.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2019;50:613–619.]
Macular Choroidal Thickness Changes in Development, Progression, and Spontaneous Resolution of Epiretinal Membrane
Authors: Choi Eun Young , Han Jongwook , Lee Sung Chul , Lee Christopher Seungkyu 
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the association between macular choroidal thickness and the development, progression, and resolution of epiretinal membrane (ERM).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The patients (n = 38) with unilateral ERM eyes with definitive changes on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and healthy fellow eyes were observed retrospectively. ERM eyes were divided into three groups: Development/new-onset group (n = 14), progression group (n = 13), and resolution group (n = 11). In each group, the average changes of macular choroidal thickness over time in ERM eyes were compared with those in the fellow eyes

RESULTS:

Choroidal thickness significantly decreased from 174.0 μm at baseline to 132.3 μm at event time (
P
= .001) in the development group, and from 140.0 μm ± 30.0 μm to 120.5 μm (
P
= .002) in the progression group. Conversely, a significant increase in choroidal thickness was observed in the resolution group (from 205.2 μm to 222.6 μm;
P
= .004). The fellow eyes showed no significant changes in choroidal thickness in all three groups.

CONCLUSION:
Choroidal thinning in newly developed or significantly progressed ERM eyes and choroidal thickening in spontaneously resolved ERM eyes suggest a clinical implication of choroidal changes in ERM.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2019;50:627–634.]
Musique et cinématurgie chez Marcel Pagnol
Authors: Rossi Jérôme , Pfeffer Sylvain 
Published: October 2019

L’étude se propose d’étudier l’utilisation de la musique dans les films réalisés par Marcel Pagnol, afin de préciser le rapport du metteur en scène à cette dernière. Obsédé par le rendu sonore de ses films, Pagnol va accorder une place de plus en plus importante à la musique et finir par l’intégrer pleinement au sein de sa « cinématurgie ». Ce faisant, il s’émancipe peu à peu des deux modèles de fonctionnement dont il dispose à ses débuts : la musique de scène et l’accompagnement musical de films muets. Cette évolution se fait progressivement, et grâce aux personnalités des différents compositeurs que le réalisateur engage sur ses longs-métrages. De l’ami Scotto au symphoniste Arthur Honegger, en passant par Henri Tomasi et Raymond Legrand, Pagnol prend conscience du pouvoir de la musique et contribue à l’émergence d’un art spécifiquement cinématographique.
Review of Immunogenomics and the Role of Tumor Mutational Burden as a Biomarker for Immunotherapy Response
Authors: Ros Javier , Baraibar Iosune , Vivancos Ana , Rodon Jordi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors benefit a proportion of patients with cancer, but not all patients nor all histologies will respond to immunotherapy. Therefore, predictive biomarkers are needed. In this review, we outline the ways that lead to hypermutated tumors as well as the potential predictive role of tumor mutational burden (TMB). Findings in selected cancer types suggest that TMB may predict clinical response to immunotherapy, and recently even a prognostic role has been suggested for TMB. An association between high mutational load and clinical benefit was observed in various tumor types; however, it is unclear whether TMB is a strong predictive marker of clinical benefit across all cancers. For that reason, there are still several questions regarding the role of TMB as an immunotherapy biomarker, such as the best measurement technique, the most adequate cutoff, or even whether TMB will be useful for any kind of cancer. We have performed an extensive bibliography research using PubMed with keys words: immunotherapy, tumor mutational load, TMB, immunotherapy biomarkers, and immunotherapy response. In conclusion, TMB has been demonstrated to be a useful biomarker for immunotherapy selection across some cancer types; however, further validation studies are required.
Of Victorians and Vegetarians
Authors: Gregory James 
Published: October 2019

Nineteenth-century Britain was one of the birthplaces of modern vegetarianism in the west, and was to become a reform movement attracting thousands of people. From the Vegetarian Society's foundation in 1847, men, women and their families abandoned conventional diet for reasons as varied as self-advancement, personal thrift, dissatisfaction with medical orthodoxy and repugnance for animal cruelty. They joined in the pursuit of a perfect society in which food reform combined with causes such as socialism and land reform, stimulated by the concern that carnivorism was in league with alcoholism and bellicosity. James Gregory provides a rich exploration of the movement, with its often colourful and sometimes eccentric leaders and grass-roots supporters. He explores the rich culture of branch associations, competing national societies, proliferating restaurants and food stores and experiments in vegetarian farms and colonies. “Of Victorians and Vegetarians” examines the wider significance of Victorian vegetarians, embracing concerns about gender and class, national identity, race and empire and religious authority.
Vegetarianism embodied the Victorians' complicated response to modernity in its hostility to aspects of the industrial world's exploitation of technology, rejecting entrepreneurial attempts to create the foods and substitute artefacts of the future. Hostile, like the associated anti-vivisectionists and anti-vaccinationists, to a new ‘priesthood’ of scientists, vegetarians defended themselves through the new sciences of nutrition and chemistry. “Of Victorians and Vegetarians” uncovers who the vegetarians were, how they attempted to convert their fellow Britons (and the world beyond) to their ‘bloodless diet’ and the response of contemporaries in a variety of media and genres. Through a close study of the vegetarian periodicals and organisational archives, extensive biographical research and a broader examination of texts relating to food, dietary reform and allied reform movements, James Gregory provides us with the first fascinating foray into the impact of vegetarianism on the Victorians, the history of animal welfare, reform movements and food history.
Reconstructing Clitic Doubling
Authors: Angelopoulos Nikos 
Published: October 2019

This paper systematically investigates reconstruction properties of Greek clitic doubled objects, motivates an analysis, and shows how this new evidence distinguishes between the numerous existing analyses of Clitic Doubling (CD). It is shown that CD-ed objects are externally merged in argument positions, not adjunct (pace Philippaki-Warburton et al. 2004) and that they must undergo XP/Xmax movement, by contrast to non CD-ed objects, into the middle field between vP and TP, like A-scrambling (Sportiche 1996). Alternative analyses where the doubled object undergoes X0/Xmin movement (Alexiadou &amp; Anagnostopoulou 1997; Preminger 2019 i.a.) or feature movement (Anagnostopoulou 2003; Marchis &amp; Alexiadou 2013) are shown to be unable to capture this data. Furthermore, the paper argues that CD-ed XPs undergo movement into the middle field in order to license a syntactic feature that relates to their interpretive properties. It also considers the interpretive properties of clitics, and shows that they are expletive determiners lacking semantic import. Lastly, it suggests that clitics can only be present if certain locality conditions are satisfied.
Fatigue as a primary and secondary factor in relation to shift-rotating and patient safety in nurses
Authors: Abdulah Deldar Morad , Perot Karwan Ali , Holroyd Eleanor 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The role of nurses’ shift-rotations in predicting adverse patient events has received little attention. The effect of fatigue on patient safety as a primary factor and the impact of shift-working on fatigue as a secondary factor in hospital-based nurses was investigated in the present study.Methods: In this cross-sectional study set in Iraqi Kurdistan in 2018, 71 nurses (Range: 20-44 years) were recruited purposively who worked in rotating shifts, in four multi-specialty hospitals.Results: The mean age of the nurses was 30.24 years (SD: 4.81; range: 20-44 years). The majority of nurses worked in the public sector (63.4%). The nurses worked in morning shift (26.8%) and shift-rotations (39.4%) for between 7.75 and 9.13 hours. In addition, 59.4% and 18.3% of nurses reported that they injured “sometimes” and “frequently” (respectively) patients in their care either directly or indirectly. Similarly, 19.7% of them reported that these were medication errors “sometimes” and “frequently.” Patient information was recorded incompletely or incorrectly sometimes by 18.3% and frequently by 35.2%. Also, 36.6% and 31.0% of them reported that they delayed care to patients frequently and sometimes, respectively. The mean values of physical and psychological fatigue were 8.77 of 21 and 3.42 of 12, respectively. The physical and psychological fatigue were escalated in case of lower total psychological well-being (p = .009 and p = .018, respectively). The study showed that single-shift working is a predictor of delayed patients care; 95.3% vs. 60.7%; p < .001).Conclusions: Hospital administrators must be aware that nurses are not able to work effectively on short roosters or extended shifts. Protocols for better nurse health surveillance and social support in respect to 24 hours shift work must be prioritized in order to avoid mental and physical significant impairment on nurses and adverse outcomes for their clients.