bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Venous Thromboembolism Risk and Venous Congestion in Microvascular Reconstruction of the Lower Extremity
Authors: Parham Christopher S. , Shen Chan , Pennock Michael M. , Henderson Stacy R. , Kulaylat Audrey S. , Johnson Timothy S. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Risk for venous thromboembolism formation and the relationship to postoperative free flap venous congestion and flap failure have not been adequately evaluated in a trauma population. The authors aim to use the Caprini Risk Assessment Model to evaluate the association between venous thromboembolism risk and postoperative flap venous congestion following lower extremity free tissue transfer.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted of all patients who underwent lower extremity free flap reconstruction of traumatic defects at a single institution between 2007 and 2016. A Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for nonparametric analysis of aggregate Caprini Risk Assessment Model scores and flap outcomes. Flap venous congestion and failure rates as associated with the categorical variables underlying the Caprini Risk Assessment Model were further studied. Logistic regression was used to evaluate each of these outcomes and other flap-related covariates relative to the Caprini Risk Assessment Model categorical variables that had the greatest effect on our patient sample.

Results:
One hundred twelve patients underwent lower extremity free flap reconstruction. One hundred eight free flaps were analyzed. Eight patients were excluded. The majority of patients were male (75.9 percent) and required reconstruction because of acute trauma (68.1 percent versus 31.9 percent for chronic wounds). There was no statistically significant association found between age, body mass index, or timing of trauma versus venous congestion, flap failure, or other flap-related covariates.

Conclusion:
In patients with significantly elevated Caprini Risk Assessment Model scores, there was no significant association between venous thromboembolism risk and flap failure following free tissue reconstruction of lower extremities.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, III.
Clinical Significance of Papillary Muscles on Left Ventricular Mass Quantification Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Al-Arnawoot Amna , O’Brien Ciara , Karur Gauri R. , Nguyen Elsie T. , Wasim Syed , Iwanochko Robert M. , Morel Chantal F. , Hanneman Kate 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:
Accurate and reproducible assessment of left ventricular mass (LVM) is important in Fabry disease. However, it is unclear whether papillary muscles should be included in LVM assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility and predictive value of LVM in patients with Fabry disease using different analysis approaches.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 92 patients (44±15 y, 61 women) with confirmed Fabry disease who had undergone cardiac MRI at a single tertiary referral hospital were included in this retrospective study. LVM was assessed at end-diastole using 2 analysis approaches, including and excluding papillary muscles. Adverse cardiac events were assessed as a composite end point, defined as ventricular tachycardia, bradycardia requiring device implantation, severe heart failure, and cardiac death. Statistical analysis included Cox proportional hazard models, Akaike information criterion, intraclass correlation coefficients, and Bland-Altman analysis.

Results:
Left ventricular end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, ejection fraction, and LVM all differed significantly between analysis approaches. LVM was significantly higher when papillary muscles were included versus excluded (157±71 vs. 141±62 g, P<0.001). Mean papillary mass was 16±11 g, accounting for 10%±3% of total LVM. LVM with pap illary muscles excluded had slightly better predictive value for the composite end point compared with LVM with papillary muscles included based on the model goodness-of-fit (Akaike information criterion 140 vs. 142). Interobserver agreement was slightly better for LVM with papillary muscles excluded compared with included (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.993 [95% confidence interval: 0.985, 0.996] vs. 0.989 [95% confidence interval: 0.975, 0.995]) with less bias and narrower limits of agreement.

Conclusions:
Inclusion or exclusion of papillary muscles has a significant effect on LVM quantified by cardiac MRI, and therefore, a standardized analysis approach should be used for follow-up. Exclusion of papillary muscles from LVM is a reasonable approach in patients with Fabry disease given slightly better predictive value and reproducibility.
microRNA-145 Inhibition Upregulates SIRT1 and Attenuates Autophagy in a Mouse Model of Lung Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via NF-κB-dependent Beclin 1
Authors: Dai Shao-Hua , Chen Lu-Jie , Qi Wang-Hong , Ye Chun-Lin , Zou Guo-Wen , Liu Wei-Cheng , Yu Ben-Tong , Tang Jian 
Published: August 2020

Background.
MicroRNA-145 (miR-145) has been shown to play a critical role in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, the expression and function of miR-145 in lung I/R injury have not been reported yet. This study aimed to elucidate the potential effects of miR-145 in lung I/R injury.

Methods.
Lung I/R mice models and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell models were established. The expression of miR-145 and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was measured with reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis in mouse lung tissue and cells. Artificial modulation of miR-145 and SIRT1 (downregulation) was done in I/R mice and H/R cells. Additionally, Pao
2/FiO2 ratio, wet weight-to-dry weight ratio, and cell apoptosis in mouse lung tissues were determined by blood gas analyzer, electronic balance, and deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling assay, respectively. Autophagy marker Beclin 1 and LC3 expression, NF-κB acetylation levels, and autophagy bodies were detected in cell H/R and mouse I/R models by Western blot analysis. pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis was detected with flow cytometry.

Results.
miR-145 was abundantly expressed in the lung tissue of mice and PMVECs following I/R injury. In addition, miR-145 directly targeted SIRT1, which led to significantly decreased Pao
2/FiO2 ratio and increased wet weight-to-dry weight ratio, elevated acetylation levels and transcriptional activity of NF-κB, upregulated expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins-6, and Beclin 1, autophagy bodies, cell apoptosis, as well as LC3-II/LC3I ratio.

Conclusions.
In summary, miR-145 enhances autophagy and aggravates lung I/R injury by promoting NF-κB transcriptional activity via SIRT1 expression.
Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 on Therapeutic Anticoagulants
Authors: Patel Niti G. , Bhasin Ajay , Feinglass Joseph M. , Belknap Steven M. , Angarone Michael P. , Cohen Elaine R. , Barsuk Jeffrey H. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundCOVID-19 is associated with hypercoagulability and an increased incidence of thrombosis. We evaluated the clinical outcomes of adults hospitalized with COVID-19 who either continued therapeutic anticoagulants previously prescribed or who were newly started on anticoagulants during hospitalization.MethodsWe performed an observational study of adult inpatients’ with COVID-19 at 10 hospitals affiliated with Northwestern Medicine in the Chicagoland area from March 9 to June 26, 2020. We evaluated clinical outcomes of subjects with COVID-19 who were continued on their outpatient therapeutic anticoagulation during hospitalization and those who were newly started on these medications compared to those who were on prophylactic doses of these medications based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement. The primary outcome was overall death while secondary outcomes were critical illness (WHO score ≥5), need for mechanical ventilation, and death among those subjects who first had critical illness adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), Charlson score, glucose on admission, and use of antiplatelet agents.Results1,716 subjects with COVID-19 were included in the analysis. 171 subjects (10.0%) were continued on their outpatient therapeutic anticoagulation and 201(11.7%) were started on new therapeutic anticoagulation during hospitalization. In subjects continued on home therapeutic anticoagulation, there were no differences in overall death, critical illness, mechanical ventilation, or death among subjects with critical illness compared to subjects on prophylactic anticoagulation. Subjects receiving new therapeutic anticoagulation for COVID-19 were more likely to die (OR 5.93; 95% CI 3.71-9.47), have critical illness (OR 14.51; 95% CI 7.43-28.31), need mechanical ventilation (OR 11.22; 95% CI 6.67-18.86), and die after first having critical illness. (OR 5.51; 95% CI 2.80 −10.87).ConclusionsContinuation of outpatient prescribed anticoagulant was not associated with improved clinical outcomes. Therapeutic anticoagulation for COVID-19 in absence of other indications was associated with worse clinical outcomes.
Genetic and clinical characteristics of treatment-resistant depression using primary care records in two UK cohorts
Authors: Fabbri Chiara , Hagenaars Saskia P. , John Catherine , Williams Alexander T. , Shrine Nick , Moles Louise , Hanscombe Ken B. , Serretti Alessandro , Shepherd David J. , Free Robert S. , Wain Louise V. , Tobin Martin D. , Lewis Cathryn M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTreatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a major contributor to the disability caused by major depressive disorder (MDD). Using primary care electronic health records from UK Biobank and EXCEED studies, we defined MDD and TRD, providing an easily accessible approach to investigate their clinical and genetic characteristics.MDD defined from primary care records was compared with other measures of depression and validated using the MDD polygenic risk score (PRS). Using prescribing records, TRD was defined from at least two switches between antidepressant drugs, each prescribed for at least six weeks. Clinical-demographic characteristics, SNP-heritability and genetic overlap with psychiatric and non-psychiatric traits were compared in TRD and non-TRD MDD cases.In 230,096 and 8,926 UKB and EXCEED participants with primary care data, respectively, the prevalence of MDD was 8.7% and 14.2%, of which 13.2% and 13.5% was TRD (2,430 and 159 cases), respectively. In both cohorts, MDD defined from primary care records was strongly associated with MDD PRS, and in UKB it showed overlap of 72%-88% with other MDD definitions. In UKB, TRD and non-TRD heritability was comparable (h2SNP = 0.25 [SE=0.04] and 0.19 [SE=0.02], respectively). TRD was positively associated with the polygenic risk score (PRS) of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and negatively associated with the PRS of intelligence compared to non-TRD. It was more strongly associated with unfavourable clinical-demographic variables than non-TRD.This study demonstrated that MDD and TRD can be reliably defined using primary care records and provides the first large scale population assessment of the genetic, clinical and demographic characteristics of TRD.
Asynchronous influenza vaccination and adverse maternal-child health outcomes in the Brazilian semiarid, 2013 to 2018: the INFLUEN-SA Study
Authors: Q Filho José , Junior Francisco S , Lima Thaisy BR , AF Viana Vânia , Burgoa Jaqueline SV , Soares Alberto M , M Leite Álvaro , Herron Simone A , Newland Hunter L , Sarnaik Kunaal S , Hanson Gabriel F , Papin Jason A , Moore Sean R , Lima Aldo AM 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent models indicate seasonal influenza transmission in Brazil begins annually in the semiarid state of Ceará (pop. 8.8M)—before vaccine campaigns begin. To assess the extent and maternal-child health consequences of this misalignment, we tracked severe acute respiratory infections (SARI), influenza, and influenza immunizations from 2013-2018. Of 3,297 SARI cases, 145 (4%) occurred in pregnancy. Vaccine coverage was >80%; however, campaigns often occurred during or after peak influenza. Birth weights nadired and prematurity increased 30-40 weeks following peak influenza, by a magnitude of 40g and 10.7% to 15.5%, respectively. We identified 61 babies of mothers with gestational SARI; they weighed 10% less at birth (P = 0·019) and were more often premature (OR: 2.944; 95% CI: 1.100 – 7.879) relative to controls (n=122). Mistiming of influenza vaccination adversely impacts pregnancy and birth outcomes in Ceará, with critical implications for influenza transmission dynamics nationally.
Anxiety and media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak in Kuwait
Authors: Alasousi Lulua , al Hammouri Sara , Al-abdulhadi Sara al 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundRising fear and panic among public during COVID19 pandemic increase concern regarding anxiety cases in Kuwait. Media capture our attention during this period looking for daily virus update lead to more fear. Our purpose of this study to examine the relationship between anxiety and media exposure among Kuwaiti during COVID19 outbreakMethodcross sectional study among Kuwaiti citizen between age23-55yrs old was conducted from April,21,2020 to May,15,2020 using online survey. Total of 1230 participants involve in the current study after exclusion criteria removed. Beside demographic data and media exposure anxiety was assessed using generalized anxiety disorder scale GAD-7, multivariable regression was used to identify the correlation between anxiety and media exposureResultthe result show that there is positive correlation between media exposure and anxiety during COVID19 outbreak in Kuwait (p<.001), furthermore it revealed that there is significant relationship between the frequency of exposure and anxiety(<.001)Conclusionfrom this study we can understand that during COVID19 pandemic exposure to media can cause anxiety therefore measures should be taken by the governments to fight misinformation and physician should pay more attention to mental health disease during this period.
Mutational landscape and dominant lineages in the SARS-CoV-2 infections in the state of Telangana, India
Authors: Gupta Asmita , Sabarinathan Radhakrishnan , Bala Pratyusha , Donipadi Vinay , Vashisht Divya , Katika Madhumohan Rao , Kandakatla Manohar , Mitra Debashis , Dalal Ashwin , Bashyam Murali Dharan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19 has rapidly turned into a pandemic, infecting millions and causing ~7 million deaths across the globe. In addition to studying the mode of transmission and evasion of host immune system, analysing the viral mutational landscape constitutes an area under active research. The latter is expected to impart knowledge on the emergence of different clades, subclades, viral protein functions and protein-protein and protein–RNA interactions during replication/transcription cycle of virus and response to host immune checkpoints. In this study we have attempted to bring forth the viral genomic variants defining the major clade(s) as identified from samples collected from the state of Telangana, India.
Age-specific mortality and immunity patterns of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 45 countries
Authors: O’Driscoll Megan , Santos Gabriel Ribeiro Dos , Wang Lin , Cummings Derek A.T. , Azman Andrew S. , Paireau Juliette , Fontanet Arnaud , Cauchemez Simon , Salje Henrik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe number of COVID-19 deaths is often used as a key indicator of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic size. However, heterogeneous burdens in nursing homes and variable reporting of deaths in elderly individuals can hamper comparisons of deaths and the number of infections associated with them across countries. Using age-specific death data from 45 countries, we find that relative differences in the number of deaths by age amongst individuals aged <65 years old are highly consistent across locations. Combining these data with data from 15 seroprevalence surveys we demonstrate how age-specific infection fatality ratios (IFRs) can be used to reconstruct infected population proportions. We find notable heterogeneity in overall IFR estimates as suggested by individual serological studies and observe that for most European countries the reported number of deaths amongst ≥65s are significantly greater than expected, consistent with high infection attack rates experienced by nursing home populations in Europe. Age-specific COVID-19 death data in younger individuals can provide a robust indicator of population immunity.
The Effect of Area Deprivation on COVID-19 Risk in Louisiana
Authors: Madhav KC , Oral Evrim , Straif-Bourgeois Susanne , Rung Ariane L. , Peters Edward S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeLouisiana currently has the highest per capita case count for COVID-19 in the United States and disproportionately affects the Black or African American population. Neighborhood deprivation has been observed to be associated with poorer health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between neighborhood deprivation and COVID-19 in Louisiana.MethodsThe Area Deprivation Index (ADI) was calculated and used to classify neighborhood deprivation at the census tract level. A total of 17 US census variables were used to calculate the ADI for each of the 1148 census tracts in Louisiana. The data were extracted from the American Community Survey (ACS) 2018. The neighborhoods were categorized into quintiles as well as low and high deprivation. The publicly available COVID-19 cumulative case counts by census tract was obtained from the Louisiana Department of Health website on July 31, 2020. Descriptive and Poisson regression analyses were performed.ResultsNeighborhoods in Louisiana were substantially different with respect to deprivation. The ADI ranged from 136.00 for the most deprived neighborhood and -33.87 in the least deprived neighborhood. We observed that individuals residing in the most deprived neighborhoods had a 45% higher risk of COVID-19 disease compared to those residing in the least deprived neighborhoods.ConclusionWhile the majority of previous studies were focused on very limited socio-environmental factors such as crowding and income, this study used a composite area-based deprivation index to examine the role of neighborhood environment on COVID-19. We observed a positive relationship between neighborhood deprivation and COVID-19 risk in Louisiana. The study findings can be utilized to promote public health preventions measures besides social distancing, wearing a mask while in public and frequent handwashing in vulnerable neighborhoods with greater deprivation.
Mutualistic interaction withTrichoderma longibrachiatumUENF-F476 boosted plant growth-promotion ofSerratia marcescensUENF-22GI
Authors: de Andrade Reis Régis Josué , Alves Alice Ferreira , dos Santos Pedro Henrique Dias , Aguiar Kamilla Pereira , da Silveira Silvaldo Felipe , Canellas Luciano Pasqualoto , Olivares Fábio Lopes 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDA plethora of bacteria-fungal interactions occurs on the extended fungal hyphae network in soil. The mycosphere of saprophytic fungi can serve as a bacterial niche boosting their survival, dispersion, and activity. Such ecological concepts can be converted to bioproducts for sustainable agriculture. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that the well-characterized beneficial bacteriumSerratia marcescensUENF-22GI can enhance their plant growth-promoting properties by combination withTrichoderma longibrachiatumUENF-F476.RESULTSThe colony and cell interactions demonstratedS. marcescens and T. longibrachiatumcompatibility. Bacteria cells were able to attach, forming aggregates-biofilms and migrates through fungal hyphae network. Bacterial migration through growing hyphae was confirmed using two-compartment Petri dishes assay. Fungal inoculation increased the bacteria survival rates into the vermicompost substrate over the experimental time. Also,in vitroindolic compound, phosphorus, and zinc solubilization bacteria activities increased in the presence of the fungus. In line with the ecophysiological bacteria fitness, tomato and papaya plantlet growth was boosted by bacteria-fungi combination applied under plant nursery conditions.CONCLUSIONMutualistic interaction between mycosphere-colonizing bacteriumS. marcescensUENF-22GI and the saprotrophic fungiT. longibrachiatumUENF-F467 increased the ecological fitness of the bacteria alongside with beneficial potential for plant growth. A proper combination and delivery of compatible beneficial bacteria-fungus represent an open avenue for biological enrichment of plant substrates technologies in agricultural systems.
Unique mutational changes in SARS-CoV-2 genome: A case study for the largest state of India
Authors: Prasad Priti , Prakash Shantanu , Sahu Kishan , Singh Babita , Shukla Suruchi , Mishra Hricha , Khan Danish Nasar , Prakash Om , Bhatt MLB , Barik SK , Asif Mehar H. , Sawant Samir V. , Jain Amita , Bag Sumit Kr. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 is a global pandemic causing more than 8 million deaths till mid-August, 2020. In India, more than 3 million confirmed cases have been reported although with relatively low death rate of 1.8%. In this study, we sequenced 47 genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from the patients of 13 districts of Uttar Pradesh (UP), the largest state of India using third-generation sequencing technique. The phylogenetic clustering revealed that no UP sample was aligned with the previously defined USA clade, where the mortality was high. We identified 56 distinct SNP variations in the genomes of UP resulting in a unique mutation rate of 1.19% per sequence, which is greater than the value 0.88% obtained for the rest of India. The relatively less death rate in UP indicates that the mutation in the virus is deleterious. Further investigation is required with larger sample size to determine the degree of virulence vis-a-vis SNP variation.
Human skeletal muscle CD90+fibro-adipogenic progenitors are associated with muscle degeneration in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Farup Jean , Just Jesper , de Paoli Frank , Lin Lin , Jensen Jonas Brorson , Billeskov Tine , Sanchez Roman Ines , Cömert Cagla , Møller Andreas Buch , Madaro Luca , Groppa Elena , Fred Rikard Göran , Kampmann Ulla , Pedersen Steen B. , Bross Peter , Stevnsner Tinna , Eldrup Nikolaj , Pers Tune H. , Rossi Fabio M. V. , Puri Pier Lorenzo , Jessen Niels 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTAging and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with impaired skeletal muscle function and degeneration of the skeletal muscle microenvironment. However, the origin and mechanisms underlying the degeneration are not well described in human skeletal muscle. Here we show that skeletal muscles of T2DM patients exhibit pathological degenerative remodeling of the extracellular matrix that was associated with a selective increase of a subpopulation of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) marked by expression ofTHY1(CD90) - the FAPCD90+. We identified Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling as key regulator of human FAP biology, as it promotes proliferation and collagen production at the expense of adipogenesis, an effect accompanied with a metabolic shift towards glycolytic lactate fermentation. FAPsCD90+showed a PDGF-mimetic phenotype, with high proliferative activity and clonogenicity, increased production of extracellular matrix production and enhanced glycolysis. Importantly, the pathogenic phenotype of T2DM FAPCD90+was reduced by treatment with the anti-diabetic drug Metformin. These data identify PDGF-driven conversion of a sub-population of FAPs as a key event in the pathogenic accumulation of extracellular matrix in T2DM muscles.