bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shadow banks and the risk-taking channel of monetary policy transmission in the euro area
Authors: Wischnewsky Arina , Neuenkirch Matthias 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We provide evidence for a risk-taking channel of monetary policy transmission in the euro area that works through an increase in shadow banks’ total asset growth and their risk assets ratio. Our dataset covers the period 2000Q1–2018Q3 and includes, in addition to the standard variables for real GDP growth, inflation, and the monetary policy stance, the aforementioned two indicators for the shadow banking sector. Based on vector autoregressive models for the euro area as a whole, we find a portfolio reallocation effect towards riskier assets and evidence for a general expansion of assets. Both effects last for roughly six quarters in the case of conventional monetary policy shocks, whereas for unconventional monetary policy shocks the responses are significant for two quarters only. Country-specific as well as sector-specific estimations confirm these findings for most of the euro area countries and all non-bank types, but also reveal some heterogeneity in the reaction of financial institutions.
Admissible Galois Structures on the categories dual to some varieties of universal algebras
Authors: Zangurashvili Dali 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The subject of the paper is suggested by G. Janelidze and motivated by his earlier result giving a positive answer to the question posed by S. MacLane whether the Galois theory of homogeneous linear ordinary differential equations over a differential field (which is Kolchin–Ritt theory and an algebraic version of Picard–Vessiot theory) can be obtained as a particular case of G. Janelidze’s Galois theory in categories.
One ground category in the Galois structure involved in this theory is dual to the category of commutative rings with unit, and another one is dual to the category of commutative differential rings with unit.
In the present paper, we apply the general categorical construction, the particular case of which gives this Galois structure, by replacing “commutative rings with unit” by algebras from any variety

V

\mathscr{V}

of universal algebras satisfying the amalgamation property and a certain condition (of the syntactical nature) for elements of amalgamated free products which was introduced earlier, and replacing “commutative differential rings with unit” by

V

\mathscr{V}

-algebras equipped with additional unary operations which satisfy some special identities to construct a new Galois structure.
It is proved that this Galois structure is admissible.
Moreover, normal extensions with respect to it are characterized in the case where

V

\mathscr{V}

is any of the following varieties: abelian groups, loops and quasigroups.
Individual and combined effects of GIP and xenin on differentiation, glucose uptake and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Authors: English Andrew , Craig Sarah L. , Flatt Peter R. , Irwin Nigel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe incretin hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), released postprandially from K-cells, has established actions on adipocytes and lipid metabolism. In addition, xenin, a related peptide hormone also secreted from K-cells after a meal, has postulated effects on energy regulation and lipid turnover. The current study has probed direct individual and combined effects of GIP and xenin on adipocyte function in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, using enzyme-resistant peptide analogues, (d-Ala2)GIP and xenin-25-Gln, and knockdown (KD) of receptors for both peptides. (d-Ala2)GIP stimulated adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes over 96 h, with xenin-25-Gln evoking similar effects. Combined treatment significantly countered these individual adipogenic effects. Individual receptor KD impaired lipid accumulation and adipocyte differentiation, with combined receptor KD preventing differentiation. (d-Ala2)GIP and xenin-25-Gln increased glycerol release from 3T3-L1 adipocytes, but this lipolytic effect was significantly less apparent with combined treatment. Key adipogenic and lipolytic genes were upregulated by (d-Ala2)GIP or xenin-25-Gln, but not by dual peptide culture. Similarly, both (d-Ala2)GIP and xenin-25-Gln stimulated insulin-induced glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, but this effect was annulled by dual treatment. In conclusion, GIP and xenin possess direct, comparable, lipogenic and lipolytic actions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. However, effects on lipid metabolism are significantly diminished by combined administration.
Biosynthesis and function of cell-surface polysaccharides in the social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus
Authors: Pérez-Burgos María , Søgaard-Andersen Lotte 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn bacteria, cell-surface polysaccharides fulfill important physiological functions, including interactions with the environment and other cells as well as protection from diverse stresses. The Gram-negative delta-proteobacteriumMyxococcus xanthusis a model to study social behaviors in bacteria.M. xanthussynthesizes four cell-surface polysaccharides, i.e., exopolysaccharide (EPS), biosurfactant polysaccharide (BPS), spore coat polysaccharide, and O-antigen. Here, we describe recent progress in elucidating the three Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathways for EPS, BPS and spore coat polysaccharide biosynthesis and the ABC transporter-dependent pathway for O-antigen biosynthesis. Moreover, we describe the functions of these four cell-surface polysaccharides in the social life cycle ofM. xanthus.
Dynamic continuous cooling transformation, microstructure and mechanical properties of medium-carbon carbide-free bainitic steel
Authors: Chen Xi , Wang Fuming , Li Changrong , Zhang Jing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe effects of the cooling rate after hot deformation on phase transformation, the microstructure of the designed nonquenched and tempered medium-carbon carbide-free bainitic steel have been investigated during the dynamic continuous cooling process. The results show that with the increase of the cooling rate, the morphology of the carbide-free bainite of the experimental steel evolves from granular bainite to lath bainite. Meanwhile, the hardness increases, and the amount of the retained austenite decreases with the increase of the cooling rate. Besides, the morphology evolution of the retained austenite from block to film is revealed by EBSD. Moreover, 0.5°C/s is considered to be the favorable cooling rate to obtain the best strength–toughness matching. Furthermore, the semi-industrial experimental results proved that the tensile strength, yield strength and Charpy impact energy were 1,298 MPa, 847 MPa and 38 J, respectively.
Approaches to subjective poverty in economic and sociological research
Authors: Lačný Martin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Poverty is a complex phenomenon which has been the subject of research across the social sciences. There have been varying approaches to defining and measuring poverty, especially with regard to research focus. In economic and sociological research, the concept of subjective poverty, which is particularly interesting in terms of psychological research into poverty, represents an alternative to the predominant objective measures of poverty. This article reviews the approaches to poverty used in economic and sociological research, paying special regard to representative approaches to subjective poverty, including subjective poverty lines and outlines the aspects relevant to psychological research into poverty.
Ex Machina. Die Gestaltung der Utopie in der Arbeitswelt des britischen Frühsozialisten Robert Owen
Authors: Ahlheim Hannah 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der Artikel führt die oft als utopisch beschriebenen Gesellschaftsentwürfe und -projekte des Frühsozialisten Robert Owen zusammen mit seinen Erfahrungen als Fabrikherr und Baumwollfabrikant. Der Text geht der Frage nach, ob und an welchen Punkten Alltagspraktiken der frühen Industrialisierung Spuren hinterließen in der Art und Weise, wie Owen seine Welt wahrnahm, verstand und verändern wollte. Grundüberlegung ist, dass der „radikale Verwirklichungswille“, der Owens Gesellschaftsprojekte auszeichnete, besser verständlich wird vor dem Hintergrund seiner Begegnung mit der ganz konkreten Veränderungskraft der neuen Arbeitsmaschinen, die die Fabrikhallen füllten. Die ständige Wartung und Justierung dieser Maschinen und die erfolgreiche Verbesserung von Verarbeitungstechniken „in practice“ waren zentrale Bestandteile seiner Arbeit. Im Einklang mit dieser Erfahrung beschrieb Owen die von ihm erträumte neue „rationale“ Gesellschaft als „new machine“, die Menschen als form- und verbesserbares Material. So wie die einzelnen Teile der realen Maschinen nur durch Ausprobieren und Nachjustieren aufeinander eingestellt werden konnten, wollte Owen auch seine neue Gesellschaft „in practice“ nachbessern und vollenden. Der Blick auf die alltäglichen Erfahrungen mit der „Arbeitsmaschine“ ermöglicht damit ein besseres Verständnis von der Überzeugungskraft utopischer Vorstellungen und Projekte in der konkreten historischen Situation.
New Digital Realities – Blending our Reality with Virtuality
Authors: Steinicke Frank , Wolf Katrin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
New digital reality as a spectrum of technologies and experiences that digitally simulate and extend reality in one way or another across different human senses has received considerable attention in recent years. In particular, we have witnessed great advances in mixed reality (MR) technologies, such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) technology, which provide enormous potential for application domains like training, simulation, education, entertainment, health, and sports. However, also other forms of digitally enhanced reality (XR) supports novel forms of immersion and experiences while generating, visualizing and interacting with digital content either displayed in fully-immersive virtual environments or superimposed into our view of the real world, and will significantly change the way we work, travel, play, and communicate. Consequently, we face dramatic changes in interactive media creation, access, and perception. In this special issue, we solicit work that addresses novel interaction design, interfaces, and implementation of new digital reality in which our reality is blended with the virtuality with a focus on users’ needs, joy, and visions.
Electrochemical recovery of Ni metallic in molten salts from spent lithium-ion battery
Authors: Liang Jinglong , Wang Jing , Li Hui , Li Chenxiao , Yan Hongyan , Cao Weigang , Wang Hongli , Wang Le , Reddy Ramana G. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Massive deployment of lithium-ion battery inevitably causes a large amount of solid waste. To be sustainably implemented, technologies capable of reducing environmental impacts and recovering resources from spent lithium-ion battery have been an urgent task. The electrochemical reduction of LiNiO2 to metallic nickel has been reported, which is a typical cathode material of lithium-ion battery. In this paper, the electrochemical reduction behavior of LiNiO2 is studied at 750 °C in the eutectic NaCl-CaCl2 molten salt, and the constant cell voltage electrolysis of LiNiO2 is carried out. The results show that Ni(III) is reduced to metallic nickel by a two-step process, Ni(III) → Ni(II) → Ni, which is quasi-reversible controlled by diffusion and electron transfer. After electrolysis for 6 h at 1.4 V, the surface of LiNiO2 cathode is reduced to metallic nickel, with NiO and a small amount of Li0.4Ni1.6O2 detected inside the partially reduced cathode. After prolonging the electrolysis time to 12 h, LiNiO2 is fully electroreduced to metallic nickel, achieving a high current efficiency of 98.60%. The present work highlights that molten salt electrolysis could be an effective protocol for reclamation of spent lithium-ion battery.
Frozen kinetics models for sensory, chemical, and microbial spoilage of preserved razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta) at different temperatures
Authors: Li Ziyin , Li Luqian , Zhang Yangcong , He Qi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Refrigerated treatment offers an effective avenue to delay spoilage process of aquatic products during storage, while none or less study has been reported for bivalve species. This work aims to investigate the variations in different storage freshness of frozen razor clam samples, by which an effective evaluation system based on frozen kinetics models was established. In this study, fresh razor clam samples were preserved at the temperature of 268, 258, and 248 K for 40 days, respectively. The spoilage process was determined by a series of freshness assays, including sensory score (SS), electric conduction (EC), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), K-value, and total colonies counts (TCC). On this basis, the variations in these indexes were fitted by zero-, first- and second- order kinetic models. Results showed that zero -order kinetic model was more suitable to fit each freshness trend. Accordingly, the shelf life of razor clam was predicted as 47∼54, 79∼84, and 121∼154 days when the samples were preserved at 268, 258, and 248 K, respectively. This study revealed the general trends of the frozen decay process of bivalve species, which is instructive to establish applicative models for the real distribution chain.
Control of spoilage fungi in yogurt using MicroGARD 200™, Lyofast-FPR2™ and HOLDBAC-YMC™ as bioprotectants
Authors: Serna-Jiménez Johanna Andrea , Uribe-Bohórquez María Angélica , Rodríguez-Bernal Jenny Marcela , Klotz-Ceberio Bernadette , Quintanilla-Carvajal María Ximena 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the inhibitory effect of three commercial bioprotectant agents on the growth of yogurt-spoiling fungi. Mucor circinelloides, Mucor racemosus, Penicillium spp., Saccharomyces exiguus, and Candida intermedia, commonly involved in the spoilage of dairy products, were isolated from spoiled yogurt and were fully characterized using molecular and phenotypic methods. HOLDBAC-YMC™, Lyofast-FPR2™ and MicroGARD 200™ were used as antifungal products. An optimized experimental mixture design was applied to determine the proportion of each bioprotectant in terms of growth-inhibition response against the fungal strains in standard laboratory media. The results of the challenge tests showed that the application of bioprotectants inhibited the growth of the moulds in the range of 85–100% and the growth of yeast between 1.23 and 5.40 log cycles. The optimal combination of the bioprotectants was determined, tested in standard laboratory media and found to inhibit fungal growth. The antifungal effect of the optimal combination of the bioprotectants was validated in yogurt against the most resistant fungal species of the study, M. circinelloides and C. intermedia. The bioprotectants elicited antifungal effect in yogurt by completely inhibiting all of the tested fungi compared to controls. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a mixture of commercial bioprotectants has been tested on yogurt as a potential alternative for the biopreservation of yogurt in order to reduce spoilage of fermented dairy products and economic losses.
Utilization of novel and rapid techniques for characterization of neem Azadirachta indica seed oil and palm oil blends
Authors: Mulla Mehrajfatema , Ahmed Jasim , Alagarsamy Surendraraj , K Habeebullah Sabeena Farvin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The authentication of neem oil and its blending with inexpensive vegetable oil, such as, palm oil is a common practice in the neem oil industry. This study was conducted to investigate the neem kernel (Azadirachta indica) oil (NKO) by blending with palm oil and characterize it by studying its effect on the physicochemical properties, dielectric properties and fatty acid profiles of the blend. Blending significantly influenced the color, dielectric, structural and antimicrobial properties of the virgin oil. The NKO was rich in oleic (44.97%), stearic (21.27%), palmitic (16.88%) and linoleic acids (14.08%). The addition of palm oil into NKO significantly influenced the fatty acids profile , which was further confirmed by the FTIR spectra and the dielectric data. Overall, determination of moisture content, palmitic and stearic acid content, color parameter "a" and dielectric measurements were found to be fastest and precise way to detect the NKO and PO blends.
A multivariate spectral quasi-linearization method for the solution of (2+1) dimensional Burgers’ equations
Authors: Dlamini Phumlani G. , Magagula Vusi M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the multi-variate spectral quasi-linearization method which is an extension of the previously reported bivariate spectral quasi-linearization method. The method is a combination of quasi-linearization techniques and the spectral collocation method to solve three-dimensional partial differential equations. We test its applicability on the (2 + 1) dimensional Burgers’ equations. We apply the spectral collocation method to discretize both space variables as well as the time variable. This results in high accuracy in both space and time. Numerical results are compared with known exact solutions as well as results from other papers to confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the method. The results show that the method produces highly accurate solutions and is very efficient for (2 + 1) dimensional PDEs. The efficiency is due to the fact that only few grid points are required to archive high accuracy. The results are portrayed in tables and graphs.
Periodic solutions for stochastic Cohen–Grossberg neural networks with time-varying delays
Authors: Wu Wanqin , Yang Li , Ren Yaping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the periodic solutions for a class of stochastic Cohen–Grossberg neural networks with time-varying delays. Since there is a non-linearity in the leakage terms of stochastic Cohen–Grossberg neural networks, some techniques are needed to overcome the difficulty in dealing with the nonlinearity. By applying fixed points principle and Gronwall–Bellman inequality, some sufficient conditions on the existence and exponential stability of periodic solution for the stochastic neural networks are established. Moreover, a numerical example is presented to validate the theoretical results. Our results are also applicable to the existence and exponential stability of periodic solution for the corresponding deterministic systems.
Lie symmetries and singularity analysis for generalized shallow-water equations
Authors: Paliathanasis Andronikos 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We perform a complete study by using the theory of invariant point transformations and the singularity analysis for the generalized Camassa-Holm (CH) equation and the generalized Benjamin-Bono-Mahoney (BBM) equation. From the Lie theory we find that the two equations are invariant under the same three-dimensional Lie algebra which is the same Lie algebra admitted by the CH equation. We determine the one-dimensional optimal system for the admitted Lie symmetries and we perform a complete classification of the similarity solutions for the two equations of our study. The reduced equations are studied by using the point symmetries or the singularity analysis. Finally, the singularity analysis is directly applied on the partial differential equations from where we infer that the generalized equations of our study pass the singularity test and are integrable.
Update of hypothyroidism and its management in Unani medicine
Authors: Alam Md. Anzar , Quamri Mohd Aleemuddin , Sofi Ghulamuddin , Ansari Shabnam 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome caused by thyroid hormone deficiency due to reduced production, deranged distribution, or lack of effects of thyroid hormone. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in developed countries is around 4–5%, whereas it is about 11% in India, only 2% in the UK, and 4·6% in the USA. It is more common in women than in men. Hypothyroidism has multiple etiologies and manifestations. The most common clinical manifestations are weight gain, loss of hair, cold intolerance, lethargy, constipation, dry skin, and change in voice. The signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism differ with age, gender, severity of condition, and some other factors. The diagnosis is based on clinical history, physical examination and serum level of FT3, FT4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone, imaging studies, procedures, and histological findings. The treatment of choice for hypothyroidism is levothyroxine, however; in this review article, we have discussed the epidemiology, etiology, clinical sign and symptoms, diagnosis, complications, and management of hypothyroidism in modern medicine and a comparative treatment by the Unani system of medicine (USM). In the USM, the main emphasis of the principle of treatment (Usool-e-Ilaj) is to correct the abnormal constitution (Su-e-Mizaj) and alter the six prerequisites for existence (Asbab-e-Sitta Zarooriya) to restore normal health. It is a packaged treatment, that is, different components of treatment are given as a package form which includes different drugs, dosages form, and regimens.
The Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey
Authors: Watson Nicole , Wooden Mark 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper provides a brief summary of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, a nationally representative household panel survey. It describes the survey’s key design features, provides an overview of its content, and reports on response rates and sample sizes. It also highlights a few examples of research utilising the data, discusses two challenges currently facing the study, and provides details on how to access the data.
Screening chemical inhibitors for alpha-amylase from leaves extracts of Murraya koenigii (Linn.) and Aegle marmelos L.
Authors: Sangilimuthu Alagar Yadav , Sivaraman Thirunavukkarasu , Chandrasekaran Rajkuberan , Sundaram Karpagavalli Meenatchi , Ekambaram Gayathiri 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Aqueous leaves extracts of Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii) and Aegle marmelos (A. marmelos) were prepared and effect of the extracts on inhibiting alpha-amylase playing essential roles on converting starch into glucose have been examined using in vitro assays.

Methods
Alpha amylase inhibitory assay was used to asses the in vitro antidiabetic activity of the extracts. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed to identify the volatile molecules of the extracts. Identified molecule were converted as ligand and docked against human pancreatic α-amylase (0.95 Å; PDB ID: 5U3A) using Autodock tool.

Results
The data analyzes suggested that the alpha-amylase inhibition potential of the extract obtained from M. koenigii was stronger than that of the A. marmelos at low concentrations (<1 mg/mL), whereas both the extracts depicted similar inhibition effects on the enzyme at high concentration (>1 mg/mL). The phytochemicals present in both the plant extracts were identified by using their respective GC-MS data and the data analyzes revealed that the extracts of M. koenigii and A. Marmelos seemed to consist of about 20 and 24 diverse chemical molecules, respectively. Through the molecular docking studies, azulene of M. koenigii and hydroxycyclodecadiene of A. marmelos showed higher binding affinity on alpha-amylase.

Conclusions
Concentration-dependent alpha-amylase inhibition effects of the extracts were observed and M. koenigii contains more alpha-amylase inhibitory effects due to the presence of azulene. This is primary lead to find out the better anti diabetic natural based drug to the society after clinical trial.