bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune and Inflammatory Pathways Implicated by Whole Blood Transcriptomic Analysis in a Diverse Ancestry Alzheimer’s Disease Cohort
Authors: Griswold Anthony J. , Sivasankaran Sathesh K. , Van Booven Derek , Gardner Olivia K. , Rajabli Farid , Whitehead Patrice L. , Hamilton-Nelson Kara L. , Adams Larry D. , Scott Aja M. , Hofmann Natalia K. , Vance Jeffery M. , Cuccaro Michael L. , Bush William S. , Martin Eden R. , Byrd Goldie S. , Haines Jonathan L. , Pericak-Vance Margaret A. , Beecham Gary W. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Significant work has identified genetic variants conferring risk and protection for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but functional effects of these variants is lacking, particularly in under-represented ancestral populations. Expression studies performed in easily accessible tissue, such as whole blood, can recapitulate some transcriptional changes occurring in brain and help to identify mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative processes. Objective: We aimed to identify transcriptional differences between AD cases and controls in a cohort of diverse ancestry. Methods: We analyzed the protein coding transcriptome using RNA sequencing from peripheral blood collected from 234 African American (AA) (115 AD, 119 controls) and 240 non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) (121 AD, 119 controls). To identify case-control differentially expressed genes and pathways, we performed stratified, joint, and interaction analyses using linear regression models within and across ancestral groups followed by pathway and gene set enrichment analyses. Results: Overall, we identified 418 (291 upregulated, 127 downregulated) and 488 genes (352 upregulated, 136 downregulated) differentially expressed in the AA and NHW datasets, respectively, with only 16 genes commonly differentially expressed in both ancestral groups. Joint analyses provided greater power to detect case-control differences and identified 1,102 differentially expressed genes between cases and controls (812 upregulated, 290 downregulated). Interaction analysis identified only 27 genes with different effects in AA compared to NHW. Pathway and gene-set enrichment analyses revealed differences in immune response-related pathways that were enriched across the analyses despite different underlying gene sets. Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis of converging underlying pathophysiological processes in AD across ancestral groups.
Clinical and microbiological profile of urinary tract infection in children less than five years of age
Authors: N Madhu G , S Harish , Sharanappa Siva 
Published: June 2020

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial illness of pediatric age group. UTIs, especially in young children, have non-specific signs and symptoms that can be undetected or misdiagnosed. Delaying diagnosis and treatment of UTIs may result in long-term renal complications. Objectives: The objectives were to study the clinical presentation of UTI, common uropathogens, and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern among children <5 years of age. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital based prospective descriptive study which included 100 children <5 years of age who presented with UTI over a period of 1 year. Detailed history,clinical examination, and laboratory investigations including urine analysis and culture were documented. Results: Out of the 100 children below 5 years who presented with UTI, 32% were below 1 year age. Male to female ratio in our study was 2.8:1. The most common presenting symptom was fever followed by crying during micturition. 92% of the cases had significant pyuria. Escherichia coli is the most common pathogen isolated (68%), followed by Klebsiella and Enterococcus. 62% had abnormal ultrasonography findings, most common being hydronephrosis (36%). Conclusions: The presentation of pediatric UTIs varies widely with ageand sex. Knowledge of the varied presentation of UTI, its risk factors and local antimicrobial sensitivity patterns are of great significance in preventing future complications in children.
Effect of intravenous fluid supplementation in healthy term neonates with non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sarvi Meenakshi , Patil Shailesh S , Desai Arunkumar 
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous fluid supplementation in healthy term neonates with non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia receiving phototherapy. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial conducted in a tertiary level neonatal care unit of a teaching institute in North Karnataka. Methods: A total of 60 healthy term neonates with non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia (total serum bilirubin [TSB] >15 mg/dL [256 ?mol/L]–<25 mg/dL [428 ?mol/L]) were randomized to two groups. Group I (case group, n=30) received 1/3rd the maintenance intravenous fluid in addition to breastfeeding and phototherapy. Group II (control group, n=30) received only breastfeeding and phototherapy. The duration of phototherapy and rate of fall of bilirubin was compared. Results: Both the groups were comparable with respect to mean birth weight, gestational age, gender, mode of delivery, age at admission, admission weight, percentage of weight loss at admission, and TSB at inclusion. There was a significant difference in the duration of phototherapy between the two groups (mean [standard deviation (SD)] Group I, 39.6 [7.8] h and Group II, 45.2 [10.22] h, p<0.05). Percentage of fall in bilirubin was not significant at 4, 12, 48, and 60 h but was significant at 24 and 36 h. Conclusion: Intravenous fluid supplementation in healthy breastfed term neonates with non-hemolytichyperbilirubinemia significantly reduces the duration of phototherapy.
Comparison of feeding practices among rural and urban mothers and their effect on nutritional status of children
Authors: Gautam Shweta , Eske Gunvant Singh , Singh Poonam , Kashyap Archana 
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the nutritional status in infants based on infant feeding practices among rural and urban areas. Methods: An observational study was carried out in the Department of Paediatrics of a tertiary care hospital of New Delhi. The present study included a total of 1000 children, of which 500 were from rural and 500 from urban background over a period of 1 year. Information on breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices was recorded. Results: In this study, we found that early initiation of breastfeeding (within 1 h after birth) was significantly more common in urban area as compared to rural(71.8% vs. 54.2%; p=0.001). Significantly higher proportion of mothers in urban population (88.0%) was frequently breastfeeding their children than rural ones 76.0% (p=0.001). Practice of night feeding was same in both the groups. Practices of giving prelacteal feeding were significantly higher in rural than in urban area (50.2% vs. 18.4%; p=0.001). Children in whom complementary feeding was introduced beyond 6 months had significantly higher occurrence of malnutrition (68.6% vs. 55.4%; p=0.004). Type of complementary feed did not affect the occurrence of malnutrition. Conclusion: Exclusively, breastfed children below 6 months of age and children where complementary feeding is introduced timely at 6 months have lower incidence of malnutrition as compared to those given top feeding before 6 months and inappropriate complementary feeding beyond 6 months of age.
Kangaroo mother care and its physiological effects in low birth weight and preterm neonates
Authors: Jain Gunjita , Malpani Preeti , Biswas Manju 
Published: June 2020

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to study and compare anthropometry and physiological parameters in preterm and low birth weight infants during conventional care and Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC). Methods: This prospective case–control study was conducted in the department of pediatrics of a tertiary care hospital in central India from June 2016 to September 2017. Study on KMC was conducted on 200 newborns weighing <2.0 kg meeting study criteria with similar baseline characteristics. With minimum duration of 6 hrs/day where as controls given incubator and cot care. Parameters were studied until discharge criteriawere meet. The primary outcome variable was “weight gain and anthropometry” and secondary measures included breastfeeding and duration of hospitalization and physiological parameters. Results: KMC group showed a significant decrease in the duration of hospital stay (11.69±5.14 vs. 18.5±1.8 days) (p=0.0001) and better rate of breastfeeding (66% vs. 21%) as compared to control group. KMC group also shows higher weight gain (19.7±6.3 g/day) in comparison to control (11.4±3.3 g/day), (p=0.001). There was a mean increase of 0.7 cm/week in head circumference in KMC group and 0.4 cm/week in the control group (p=0.000). The mean increase in length was 0.89 cm/week in KMC group and 0.45 cm/week in control group (p=0.0001). The mean heart rate and respiratory rate were similar in both the groups (p=0.498 and p=0.555, respectively). The mean temperature difference was significant and shows that KMC group has a higher temperature of 0.4°F (p=0.001). In other physiological parameters, no episodes of apnea and hypoglycemia were present in KMC group as compared to 4 episode of hypoglycemia and 3 episodes of apnea in the control group. Conclusion: Newborns receiving KMC showed better growth parameters as compared to the routine care along with a better breastfeeding rate. Better thermal control and decreased episodes of hypoglycaemia & apnea in KMC group.
ANALISIS KINERJA TRUK PENGANGKUT SAMPAH KOTA DI KECAMATAN BENOWO
Authors: Anggryawan Ferry , Mudjanarko Sri Wiwoho , Wahyuni Atik , Wasono Sapto Budi 
Published: June 2020

<p>Semakin jauh rute pelayanan dan semakin banyak jumlah ritasi truk maka semakin besar pula biaya operasional yang harus dikeluarkan. Lokasi penelitian ini di TPA Kecamatan Benowo dengan tujuan mengetahui sistem atau pola pengangkutan sampah serta biaya operasional kendaraan truk pengangkut sampah. Sistem pengangkutan sampah di Kecamatan Benowo menggunakan <em>Hauled Container System</em> (HCS) dan <em>Stationary Container System</em> (SCS).Dengan rata-rata jarak yang di tempuh per hari jenis kendaraan <em>arm roll</em> adalah 52 km/hari sedangkan jenis <em>compactor</em> 56 km/hari dan rata-rata kecepatan yang di tempuh per hari jenis kendaraan yang di tempuh perhari jenis kendaraan arm roll adalah 23 (km/jam)/hari sedangkan jenis compactor 20.5 (km/jam)/hari. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan biaya <em>Life Cycle Cost</em> pengangkutan sampah /m3 menggunakan <em>Arm roll</em> lebih murah dengan biaya Rp. 18.394,5259/m3 sedangkan menggunakan <em>comfactor</em> Rp. 32.872,497737.281,8. Dari hasil analisis dapat dilihat bahwa nilai efektifitas yang lebih besar adalah sistem HCS dan biaya angkut sampah menggunakan <em>armroll</em> lebih murah dibandingkan dengan <em>comfactor</em>..</p>
Ecological activity on a raiway transport: her essense, actual tasks, place and role in the national ecological policy of Ukraine
Authors: Пилипчук О.Я. 
Published: June 2020

In the article ecological activity is examined on a railway transport. Enterprises of railway transport are the substantial sources of contamination of environment. The problem of decline of their noci-influence on an environment must decide by means of approach of the systems, including эколого-экономический. Researches of the эколого-экономических systems on a railway transport began to be conducted only lately. System researches of the informative providing of the эколого-экономического monitoring are practically absent on a railway transport. It is necessary to confess that nature protection work on the railways of Ukraine presently remains the the least automated type of activity. Most operations of treatment of эколого-экономической information come true by hand, and introduction of the specialized computer programs carries episodic character.
The aim of ecological activity on a railway transport is development of scientific and practical bases of analysis of the systems of эколого-экономического risk of enterprises of railway transport and creation of the informative providing of management nature protection activity for railways.
On the one hand, such a structure should bring together relevant environmentalists, and on the other hand, cover the main management of divisions and enterprises of the industry by adding to theirjob descriptions of additional functions, duties, rights and responsibilities for the practical implementation of environmental activities. This structure is called the "Department of Traffic Safety and Ecology".
Currently, quite effective methods of wastewater treatment have been developed, as well as exhaust gases from diesel engines and various types of boilers. After appropriate research and development, they can be used in transport. That is why the primary task of environmental protection is wide implementation on the networkrailways of special treatment facilities and structures that will minimize environmental pollution. For example, the development of structures for the purification of exhaust gases from locomotives and boilers should begin today.
The impact of historical realities of the 1920s of the 20th century on premarital personal relationships of the ukrainian youth
Authors: Сергієнко С.Ю. 
Published: June 2020

Political, economic and social experiments carried out in the 1920s of the 20th century were studied by many specialists. However, there has been a lack of publications devoted to the impact of historical realities of that period on premarital personal relationships of the Ukrainian youth.
On the basis of literature, mass media and archival sources, the influence of the Revolution and that time social realities on the premarital personal relationships of the Ukrainian youth is considered. Attention is paid to the influence of the theories of “free love” and “a glass of water” on personal relationships of boys and girls.
It is concluded that political, economic and social experiments of the Bolsheviks significantly influenced the premarital relationships of the Ukrainian youth. In the youth circles, the theories of “free love” and “a glass of water” became popular. Under their influence, the centuries-old traditions of premarital relationships between boys and girls were significantly distorted; a crackdown was had on the institution of the family, traditional understanding of the responsibility of parents for upbringing of their children. The new state simplified the registration of marriage and divorce procedure to a minimum. At the same time, in the village where the absolute majority of the Ukrainians lived, new visions of premarital relationships were not widely spread. There the premarital relationships of young people were preserved mainly in traditional forms, which presupposed creation of family couples within their social stratum. But in cities, a certain part of young people rushed to establishing “new” personal relationships between boys and girls. Primarily, they were the members of the Komsomol. On the basis of those “new” relationships extreme frivolity and banal immorality could not but grow. In the new vision of premarital personal relationships the authorities brought the thesis of an unconditional primacy of the interests of the political regime instead of the personal feelings of the beloved. That thesis was actually acknowledged to be fundamental and persistently promoted by the authorities.
An 80-year-old women presented with parotid gland swelling
Authors: Jahan Rawnak , Chakrabortty Rajashish , Ahmed Shamim , Rahman Mohammed Atiqur 
Published: June 2020

This article has no abstract. The first 100 words appear below:
An 80-year-old woman hailing from Savar Upazilla, Dhaka got admitted into the Department on 7th January 2020 with complains of swelling in the right side of cheek for the last 8 months (Figure 1A). Before that, the patient noticed a small nodular, painless swelling over anterior part of right ear, then it gradually increased in size and became hard but because of this swelling the patient did not feel any problem during eating or chewing foods. There was no history of fever, but the patient gave the history of occasional cough which was associated with scanty serous sputum.
MANAJEMEN KOMPETENSI GURU NEGERI OLEH DINAS PENDIDIKAN KABUPATEN HALMAHERA TIMUR
Authors: Hayun Subhan , Hasyim Rustam 
Published: June 2020

Abstract. This research was conducted to describe teachers’ competence,the teachers’ competence is one of the influence factor in education success, teacher’s competence to cover: (1) pedagogic competence, (2) personal competence, (3) professional competence and (4) social competence.This research also studied the concepts of the teachers’ competence, the factors influence in teacher’s competence, the strategy of teachers’ competence, and good management in teachers’ competence. These researches were used qualitative approach. The data sources were consist of the head master, teacher and parents. The data were collected by observation, in-depth interview, and documentation. The obtained data were verified and analyzed through data verified, data reduction continued to take conclusion.The findings of the research are: (1) the distribution of teacher inthe environment of Provincial Office of Education, Youth and Sport of East Halmahera Regency is not good and, (2) The competences of teachers in the elementary schools must be upgraded to fulfill the standard of competence and (3) The development programs of teacher’ competence in the elementaryschools were also not good. Key Word: teachers’ distribution, the developing teacher’s competence, the systematization of management teacher’s competence
UPAYA GURU PPKN DALAM MENGIMPLEMENTASIKAN NILAI-NILAI DEMOKRASI PANCASILA PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VII -11 DI SMP NEGERI 2 KOTA TERNATE
Authors: Abdullah Oktosiyanti MT. , Umawaitina Natalia 
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji lebih dalam tentang faktor-faktor apa yang menghambat guru PPKn dalam mengimplementasikan nilai-nilai demokrasi Pancasila. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian kualitatif adalah prosedur penelitian yang meneliti terkait dengan upaya guru PPKn dalam mengimplementasikan nilai-nilai demokrasi Pancasila pada peserta didik kelas VII-11 SMP Negeri 2 Kota Ternate.. Subyek penelitian adalah guru dan peserta didik. Sumber data yang diguankan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Tekhnik pengumpulan data adalah teknik observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitia menujukan bahwa upaya guru PPKn dalam mengimplementasikan nilai-nilai demokrasi Pancasila pada peserta didik kelas VII-11 SMP Negeri 2 Kota Ternate telah terlaksana dengan baik. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan sikap respon peserta didik terhadap praktek nilai- nilai demokrasi Pancasila. Faktor-faktor penghambat guru PPKn dalam mengimplementasikan nilai-nilai demokrasi Pancasila pada peserta didik kelas VII-11 SMP negeri 2 Kota Ternate bisa diatasi dan pengimplementasian terlaksana dengan baik.Kata Kunci : Upaya Guru PPKn, Implementasi Nilai, Demokrasi Pancasila, SMP Negeri 2 Kota Ternate
Value of Immediate Post-Kidney Biopsy Ultrasound in Excluding Late Hemorrhagic Complications
Authors: Al-Balas Alian , Almehmi Ammar , Allon Michael 
Published: June 2020

Background
Hemorrhage is the most serious potential complication of percutaneous kidney biopsy. Patients are typically observed for at least 6–8 hours after a kidney biopsy, with serial measurements of vital signs and hemoglobin to monitor for major hemorrhage. This study assessed whether an immediate postbiopsy ultrasound can reliably exclude delayed major hemorrhage.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcomes in 147 patients undergoing an outpatient native kidney biopsy with an 18-gauge needle at a large medical center during a 2.5-year period (January 2017 to June 2019). All patients underwent a standardized postbiopsy ultrasound to assess for active extravasation of blood. We extracted from the medical records vital signs and hemoglobin values obtained before the biopsy and at 2, 4, and 6 hours after the procedure. We ascertained whether any patients with a negative postbiopsy ultrasound developed a delayed major hemorrhage.

Results
Each patient underwent two or three biopsy passes. The mean patient age was 48±17 years, 49% were female, 37% were black, 53% had hypertension, and 16% had diabetes. Of the 142 patients without evidence of active extravasation on ultrasound, the BP, heart rate, and hemoglobin remained stable during 6 hours of observation. All were discharged after 6 hours, and none had a late bleeding complication.

Conclusions
If the immediate postkidney biopsy ultrasound does not show active bleeding, the patient is extremely unlikely to develop a late major hemorrhagic complication (negative predictive value, 100%). Such patients can be discharged home safely after a 2-hour observation, thereby simplifying their management.
PENGGUNAAN RESAMPLING DALAM PENGGAMBARAN QUICK COUNT
Authors: SETIAWAN ADI 
Published: June 2020

In this paper a descriptive statistical analysis of the results of the 2019 presidential election was presented related to the quick count result. Descriptive statistical analysis was also conducted on the results of the 2019 presidential election in Salatiga City (Central Java province), Solok City (West Sumatra province) and Rejang Lebong Regency (Bengkulu province). The resampling method is used to illustrate how the quick count method can be explained for finite populations in Salatiga City, Solok City and Rejang Lebong Regency. By using resampling, the percentage obtained by the Jokowi-Amin pair in Salatiga, Solok and Rejang Lebong are 78.05%, 87.86% and 56.85%, whereas the reality for the three cities in a row is 78.03%; 87,79% and 56.36%.