bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular risk factors in offspring exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus in utero: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pathirana Maleesa M. , Lassi Zohra S. , Roberts Claire T. , Andraweera Prabha H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy complication that affects one in seven pregnancies. Emerging evidence demonstrates that children born of pregnancies complicated by GDM may be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine cardiovascular risk factors in offspring exposed to GDM in utero. PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases were searched. Information was extracted on established CVD risk factors including blood pressure, lipids, blood glucose, fasting insulin, body mass index (BMI), and endothelial/microvascular function. The review protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018094983). Prospective and retrospective studies comparing offspring exposed to GDM compared to controls (non-GDM pregnancies) were considered. We included studies that defined GDM based on the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) definition, or prior definitions. The PRISMA guidelines were followed in conducting this systematic review. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were done by two independent reviewers. The data were pooled using a random-effects model. Of 59 eligible studies, 24 were included in the meta-analysis. Offspring exposed to GDM had higher systolic blood pressure (mean difference (MD): 1.75 mmHg, 95% CI 0.57–2.94; eight studies, 7264 participants), BMI z-score (MD 0.11, 95% CI 0.02–0.20; nine studies, 8759 participants), and glucose (standard MD 0.43, 95% CI 0.08–0.77; 11 studies, 6423 participants) than control participants. In conclusion, offspring exposed to GDM have elevated systolic blood pressure, BMI, and glucose. Those exposed to GDM in utero may benefit from early childhood blood pressure measurements.
Quantifying Europe's biodiversity footprints and the role of urbanization and income
Authors: Koslowski Maximilian , Moran Daniel D. , Tisserant Alexandre , Verones Francesca , Wood Richard 
Published: January 2020

Non-technical abstract
Biodiversity footprinting links consumers to the biodiversity pressure their consumption induces, thereby informing choices and enabling participation in remediation measures. In order for countries, cities and households to reduce their impacts it is useful to know more precisely what the various drivers of their footprints are. Here we ask: do urban or rural areas in Europe exert higher biodiversity footprints? And how strongly coupled are income and biodiversity losses? Studying urban versus rural households at the country level in Europe, we found both have generally similar footprints, but that higher income households clearly drive higher footprints.
Bayesian Selection of Atmospheric Profiles from an Ensemble Data Assimilation System using Infrasonic Observations of May 2016 Mount Etna Eruptions
Authors: Vanderbecken P. J. , Mahfouf J.‐F. , Millet C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObserved infrasound arrivals are considered as a way to provide additional knowledge of the middle atmosphere for numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. To do so, a Bayesian approach, based on the discrepancies between predicted and observed infrasound arrival characteristics, is adopted for selecting the most likely atmospheric states, in terms of temperature and wind velocity profiles, among an ensemble of NWP model analyses. The predicted characteristics, in terms of trace velocity and the back azimuth angle, are computed using a three‐dimensional ray‐tracing model and atmospheric profiles extracted once a day from ensemble of analyses produced by the Météo‐France global NWP model. The performance of the method is demonstrated using a set of thousands of volcanic eruptions that correspond to an upsurge in volcanic activity of Mount Etna (Sicily) during May 2016. It is shown that the Bayesian approach allows the identification of the most likely members and hence provides additional knowledge on the atmosphere truly probed by the infrasound. When the atmospheric temperature and wind profiles are reasonably meeting the effective sound speed assumption requirements, the members retrieved are similar in terms of effective sound speed but not in terms of wind and temperature. For improving both temperature and wind velocity profile selection, additional infrasound arrival characteristics are then required (e.g., travel time, amplitude, etc.). The confidence on the retrieved profiles is also sensitive to the time of validity of the meteorological analyses and on the definition of the surface conditions involved in the estimation of the predicted trace velocities.
The genome sequence of celery (Apium graveolens L.), an important leaf vegetable crop rich in apigenin in the Apiaceae family
Authors: Li Meng-Yao , Feng Kai , Hou Xi-Lin , Jiang Qian , Xu Zhi-Sheng , Wang Guang-Long , Liu Jie-Xia , Wang Feng , Xiong Ai-Sheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCelery (Apium graveolens L.) is a vegetable crop in the Apiaceae family that is widely cultivated and consumed because it contains necessary nutrients and multiple biologically active ingredients, such as apigenin and terpenoids. Here, we report the genome sequence of celery based on the use of HiSeq 2000 sequencing technology to obtain 600.8 Gb of data, achieving ~189-fold genome coverage, from 68 sequencing libraries with different insert sizes ranging from 180 bp to 10 kb in length. The assembled genome has a total sequence length of 2.21 Gb and consists of 34,277 predicted genes. Repetitive DNA sequences represent 68.88% of the genome sequences, and LTR retrotransposons are the main components of the repetitive sequences. Evolutionary analysis showed that a recent whole-genome duplication event may have occurred in celery, which could have contributed to its large genome size. The genome sequence of celery allowed us to identify agronomically important genes involved in disease resistance, flavonoid biosynthesis, terpenoid metabolism, and other important cellular processes. The comparative analysis of apigenin biosynthesis genes among species might explain the high apigenin content of celery. The whole-genome sequences of celery have been deposited at CeleryDB (http://apiaceae.njau.edu.cn/celerydb). The availability of the celery genome data advances our knowledge of the genetic evolution of celery and will contribute to further biological research and breeding in celery as well as other Apiaceae plants.
Machine learning enabled autonomous microstructural characterization in 3D samples
Authors: Chan Henry , Cherukara Mathew , Loeffler Troy D. , Narayanan Badri , Sankaranarayanan Subramanian K. R. S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe introduce an unsupervised machine learning (ML) based technique for the identification and characterization of microstructures in three-dimensional (3D) samples obtained from molecular dynamics simulations, particle tracking data, or experiments. Our technique combines topology classification, image processing, and clustering algorithms, and can handle a wide range of microstructure types including grains in polycrystalline materials, voids in porous systems, and structures from self/directed assembly in soft-matter complex solutions. Our technique does not require a priori microstructure description of the target system and is insensitive to disorder such as extended defects in polycrystals arising from line and plane defects. We demonstrate quantitively that our technique provides unbiased microstructural information such as precise quantification of grains and their size distributions in 3D polycrystalline samples, characterizes features such as voids and porosity in 3D polymeric samples and micellar size distribution in 3D complex fluids. To demonstrate the efficacy of our ML approach, we benchmark it against a diverse set of synthetic data samples representing nanocrystalline metals, polymers and complex fluids as well as experimentally published characterization data. Our technique is computationally efficient and provides a way to quickly identify, track, and quantify complex microstructural features that impact the observed material behavior.
Dynamic characterization of intestinal metaplasia in the gastric corpus mucosa of Atp4a-deficient mice
Authors: Liu Wei , Yang Liang-jun , Liu Yuan-liang , Yuan Dong-sheng , Zhao Zi-ming , Wang Qi , Yan Yan , Pan Hua-feng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Parietal cells of the gastric mucosa contain a complex and extensive secretory membrane system that harbors gastric H+, K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), the enzyme primarily responsible for gastric lumen acidification. Here, we describe the characterization of mice deficient in the H+, K+-ATPase α subunit (Atp4a−/−) to determine the role of this protein in the biosynthesis of this membrane system and the biology of the gastric mucosa. Atp4a−/− mice were produced by gene targeting. Wild-type (WT) and Atp4a−/− mice, paired for age, were examined at 10, 12, 14 and 16 weeks for histopathology, and the expression of mucin 2 (MUC2), α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR), Ki-67 and p53 proteins was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. For further information, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated-protein kinase B (p-AKT), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) were detected by Western blotting. Compared with the WT mice, hypochlorhydric Atp4a−/− mice developed parietal cell atrophy and significant antral inflammation (lymphocyte infiltration) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) with elevated MUC2 expression. Areas of dysplasia in the Atp4a−/− mouse stomach showed increased AMACR and Ki-67 expression. Consistent with elevated antral proliferation, tissue isolated from Atp4a−/− mice showed elevated p53 expression. Next, we examined the mechanism by which the deficiency of the H+, K+-ATPase α subunit has an effect on the gastric mucosa. We found that the expression of phosphorylated-PI3K, p-AKT, phosphorylated-mTOR, HIF-1α, LDHA and SIRT6 was significantly higher in tissue from the Atp4a−/− mice compared with the WT mice (P&lt;0.05). The H+, K+-ATPase α subunit is required for acid-secretory activity of parietal cells in vivo, the normal development and cellular homeostasis of the gastric mucosa, and attainment of the normal structure of the secretory membranes. Chronic achlorhydria and hypergastrinemia in aged Atp4a−/− mice produced progressive hyperplasia and mucolytic and IM, and activated the Warburg effect via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.
The Aarhus red giants challenge
Authors: Silva Aguirre V. , Christensen-Dalsgaard J. , Cassisi S. , Miller Bertolami M. , Serenelli A. , Stello D. , Weiss A. , Angelou G. , Jiang C. , Lebreton Y. , Spada F. , Bellinger E. P. , Deheuvels S. , Ouazzani R. M. , Pietrinferni A. , Mosumgaard J. R. , Townsend R. H. D. , Battich T. , Bossini D. , Constantino T. , Eggenberger P. , Hekker S. , Mazumdar A. , Miglio A. , Nielsen K. B. , Salaris M. 
Published: January 2020

Context.With the advent of space-based asteroseismology, determining accurate properties of red-giant stars using their observed oscillations has become the focus of many investigations due to their implications in a variety of fields in astrophysics. Stellar models are fundamental in predicting quantities such as stellar age, and their reliability critically depends on the numerical implementation of the physics at play in this evolutionary phase.Aims.We introduce the Aarhus red giants challenge, a series of detailed comparisons between widely used stellar evolution and oscillation codes that aim to establish the minimum level of uncertainties in properties of red giants arising solely from numerical implementations. We present the first set of results focusing on stellar evolution tracks and structures in the red-giant-branch (RGB) phase.Methods.Using nine state-of-the-art stellar evolution codes, we defined a set of input physics and physical constants for our calculations and calibrated the convective efficiency to a specific point on the main sequence. We produced evolutionary tracks and stellar structure models at a fixed radius along the red-giant branch for masses of 1.0 M⊙, 1.5 M⊙, 2.0 M⊙, and 2.5 M⊙, and compared the predicted stellar properties.Results.Once models have been calibrated on the main sequence, we find a residual spread in the predicted effective temperatures across all codes of ∼20 K at solar radius and ∼30–40 K in the RGB regardless of the considered stellar mass. The predicted ages show variations of 2–5% (increasing with stellar mass), which we attribute to differences in the numerical implementation of energy generation. The luminosity of the RGB-bump shows a spread of about 10% for the considered codes, which translates into magnitude differences of ∼0.1 mag in the opticalV-band. We also compare the predicted [C/N] abundance ratio and find a spread of 0.1 dex or more for all considered masses.Conclusions.Our comparisons show that differences at the level of a few percent still remain in evolutionary calculations of red giants branch stars despite the use of the same input physics. These are mostly due to differences in the energy generation routines and interpolation across opacities, and they call for further investigation on these matters in the context of using properties of red giants as benchmarks for astrophysical studies.
A new possibility for light-quark dark matter
Authors: Bashkanov M , Watts D P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Despite many decades of study the physical origin of ‘dark matter’ (DM) in the Universe remains elusive. In this letter we calculate the properties of a completely new DM candidate—Bose–Einstein condensates formed from a recently discovered bosonic particle in the light-quark sector, the

d

*

(

2380

)

hexaquark. In this first study, we show stable

d

∗

(

2380

)

Bose–Einstein condensates could form in the primordial early universe, with a production rate sufficiently large that they are a plausible new candidate for DM. Some possible astronomical signatures of such DM are also presented.
Nuclear spectrometry of 9.6 h 196Aum2 and the reaction of 197Au with fast neutrons
Authors: Moody K J , Gharibyan N , Shaughnessy D A , Grant P M , Gostic J M , Cerjan C J , Yeamans C B , Despotopulos J D , Faye S A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The neutron activation of gold is the basis of an implosion performance diagnostic at the National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. In support of this diagnostic, a series of γ-ray spectrometric measurements of the decay of 196Au
m2 (J

π
= 12−) was performed to improve the currently accepted literature values of the nuclear data associated with its half-life, γ-ray energies, and γ-ray intensities. It was determined that 196Au
m2 decays with a half-life of 9.603 h ± 0.23%. The relative intensities of the γ rays emitted during its decay were also measured, and an absolute decay branch of 0.3352 ± 2.9% was determined for the emission of the 188.2 keV photon, which arises from a nuclear transition whose multipolarity is predominantly M1. Properties of other products arising in the reaction of 197Au with fast neutrons were measured, as were selected production cross sections. The 196Au
m2/196Au
g
isomer ratio measured in the 197Au(n, 2n) reaction at 14.1 MeV was found to be 0.0731 ± 2.6%.
An empirical, Bayesian approach to modelling crop yield: Maize in USA
Authors: Shirley Raphael , Pope Edward , Bartlett Myles , Oliver Seb , Quadrianto Novi , Hurley Peter , Duivenvoorden Steven , Rooney Phil , Barrett Adam B , Kent Chris , Bacon James 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We apply an empirical, data-driven approach for describing crop yield as a function of monthly temperature and precipitation by employing generative probabilistic models with parameters determined through Bayesian inference. Our approach is applied to state-scale maize yield and meteorological data for the US Corn Belt from 1981 to 2014 as an exemplar, but would be readily transferable to other crops, locations and spatial scales. Experimentation with a number of models shows that maize growth rates can be characterised by a two-dimensional Gaussian function of temperature and precipitation with monthly contributions accumulated over the growing period. This approach accounts for non-linear growth responses to the individual meteorological variables, and allows for interactions between them. Our models correctly identify that temperature and precipitation have the largest impact on yield in the six months prior to the harvest, in agreement with the typical growing season for US maize (April to September). Maximal growth rates occur for monthly mean temperature 18 °C–19 °C, corresponding to a daily maximum temperature of 24 °C–25 °C (in broad agreement with previous work) and monthly total precipitation 115 mm. Our approach also provides a self-consistent way of investigating climate change impacts on current US maize varieties in the absence of adaptation measures. Keeping precipitation and growing area fixed, a temperature increase of 2 °C, relative to 1981–2014, results in the mean yield decreasing by 8%, while the yield variance increases by a factor of around 3. We thus provide a flexible, data-driven framework for exploring the impacts of natural climate variability and climate change on globally significant crops based on their observed behaviour. In concert with other approaches, this can help inform the development of adaptation strategies that will ensure food security under a changing climate.
Clinical frailty independently predicts early mortality after ischaemic stroke
Authors: Evans Nicholas R , Wall Jasmine , To Benjaman , Wallis Stephen J , Romero-Ortuno Roman , Warburton Elizabeth A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Clinical frailty is an important syndrome for clinical care and research, independently predicting mortality and rates of institutionalisation in a range of medical conditions. However, there has been little research into the role of frailty in stroke.

Objective
This study investigates the effect of frailty on 28-day mortality following ischaemic stroke and outcomes following stroke thrombolysis.

Methods
Frailty was measured using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) for all ischaemic stroke admissions aged ≥75 years. Stroke severity was measured using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). 28-day mortality and clinical outcomes were collected retrospectively. Analysis included both dichotomised measures of frailty (non-frail: CFS 1–4, frail: 5–8) and CFS as a continuous ordinal scale.

Results
In 433 individuals with ischaemic stroke, 28-day mortality was higher in frail versus non-frail individuals (39 (16.7%) versus 10 (5%), P &lt; 0.01). On multivariable analysis, a one-point increase in CFS was independently associated with 28-day mortality (OR 1.03 (1.01–1.05)). In 63 thrombolysed individuals, median NIHSS reduced significantly in non-frail individuals (12.5 (interquartile range (IQR) 9.25) to 5 (IQR 10.5), P &lt; 0.01) but not in frail individuals (15 (IQR 11.5) to 16 (IQR 16.5), P = 0.23). On multivariable analysis, a one-point increase in CFS was independently associated with a one-point reduction in post-thrombolysis NIHSS improvement (coefficient 1.07, P = 0.03).

Conclusion
Clinical frailty is independently associated with 28-day mortality after ischaemic stroke and appears independently associated with attenuated improvement in NIHSS following stroke thrombolysis. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and how frailty may be utilised in clinical decision-making.
DNA sequencing reveals bacterial communities in midgut and other parts of the larvae of Spodoptera exigua Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Gao Xueke , Li Wendan , Luo Junyu , Zhang Lijuan , Ji Jichao , Zhu Xiangzhen , Wang Li , Zhang Kaixin , Zhang Shuai , Cui Jinjie 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Gut microbiota has been suggested as an important component of host defense. However, microbiota in other parts of the body have rarely been characterized. In our present work, we give a detailed view of the body of Spodoptera exigua larvae, the midgut with intestinal contents (MG), midgut excluding intestinal contents (PM), intestinal contents (IC) and remaining parts excluding the MG (RM), with the objective of revealing the complexity of microorganisms and comparing the biodiversity of the S. exigua larvae-associated microbiota. Our results provide the first evidence that third and fifth larvae samples of S. exigua were dominated by members of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. In addition, there were no obvious differences in relative abundances of microbiota among MG, PM and RM at the phylum level. MG3 and MG5 (nearly RM5) harbored the richest microbial community, with much higher abundance of Halomonas, Pseudomonas and Methylobacterium, respectively. Intestinal contents contained the lowest diversity and highest abundance of Enterococcus. Knowledge of the bacteria in a major herbivorous insect, such as S. exigua, can facilitate the acquisition of special biological resources for agricultural pest control.
A hybrid approach to record linkage using a combination of deterministic and probabilistic methodology
Authors: Ong Toan C , Duca Lindsey M , Kahn Michael G , Crume Tessa L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective
The disjointed healthcare system and the nonexistence of a universal patient identifier across systems necessitates accurate record linkage (RL). We aim to describe the implementation and evaluation of a hybrid record linkage method in a statewide surveillance system for congenital heart disease.

Materials and Methods
Clear-text personally identifiable information on individuals in the Colorado Congenital Heart Disease surveillance system was obtained from 5 electronic health record and medical claims data sources. Two deterministic methods and 1 probabilistic RL method using first name, last name, social security number, date of birth, and house number were initially implemented independently and then sequentially in a hybrid approach to assess RL performance.

Results
16 480 nonunique individuals with congenital heart disease were ascertained. Deterministic linkage methods, when performed independently, yielded 4505 linked pairs (consisting of 2 records linked together within or across data sources). Probabilistic RL, using 3 initial characters of last name and gender for blocking, yielded 6294 linked pairs when executed independently. Using a hybrid linkage routine resulted in 6451 linkages and an additional 18%–24% correct linked pairs as compared to the independent methods. A hybrid linkage routine resulted in higher recall and F-measure scores compared to probabilistic and deterministic methods performed independently.

Discussion
The hybrid approach resulted in increased linkage accuracy and identified pairs of linked record that would have otherwise been missed when using any independent linkage technique.

Conclusion
When performing RL within and across disparate data sources, the hybrid RL routine outperformed independent deterministic and probabilistic methods.