bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel cannabidiol sunscreen protects keratinocytes and melanocytes against ultraviolet B radiation
Authors: Gohad Pranjal , McCoy John , Wambier Carlos , Kovacevic Maja , Situm Mirna , Stanimirovic Andrija , Goren Andy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCannabidiol (CBD), a natural occurring phytocannabinoid, is used extensively in consumer products ranging from foods to shampoos, topical oils and lotions. Several studies demonstrated the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative properties of cannabidiol. Nevertheless, the role of cannabidiol use in sunscreens is largely unknown as no studies on its effect on keratinocytes or melanocytes exist. As such, we aimed to explore the effect of CBD on keratinocyte and melanocyte viability following ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. CBD exhibited a dose‐dependent protective effect on both keratinocytes and melanocyte viability. Further, since CBD does not demonstrate absorption in the UVB spectra, we speculate that the protective effect is due to reduction in reactive oxygen species. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating the protective effect of CBD on keratinocytes and melanocytes irradiated with UVB.
Impact of Notch signalling molecules and bone resorption regulators on clinical parameters in periodontitis
Authors: Djinic Krasavcevic Ana , Nikolic Nadja , Mijailovic Iva , Carkic Jelena , Milinkovic Iva , Jankovic Sasha , Aleksic Zoran , Milasin Jelena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and objectiveNotch signalling cascade has recently been connected to alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis. Hence, the present cross‐sectional study aimed to analyze the expression of Notch signalling pathway (Notch 1, Notch 2, Jagged 1, Hes 1, Hey 1) and periodontitis‐related (tumor necrosis factor alpha‐ TNF‐α, interleukin 17‐IL‐17, receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand—RANKL, osteoprotegerin—OPG) molecules and correlate it with clinical parameters in aggressive (AP) and chronic (CP) periodontitis. Additionally, the aforementioned markers' expression was evaluated in periodontitis patients with different RANKL/OPG ratios.Material and methodsEighty patients were enrolled either in AP or CP group. Clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing depth (PPD) and plaque index (PI) were recorded for each patient. Total RNA was extracted from gingival crevicular fluid samples. Relative gene expression of investigated markers was determined by reverse transcriptase‐real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsSignificantly higher values of PPD were observed in AP compared to CP (P = .010). Negative correlations between OPG and CAL, and OPG and PI, were found in AP (P = .045, P = .006, respectively), while Hey 1 and PI had a positive correlation (P = .049). In multivariate linear regression analysis, OPG and Notch 2 were predictors of CAL in AP group. TNF‐α and IL‐17 were higher in RANKL predominant than in OPG predominant cases (P = .007, P = .001, respectively). In RANKL predominant lesions Notch 1 and Jagged 1 were down‐regulated in AP compared to CP patients (P = .010, P = .025, respectively).ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that changes in Notch 2 expression affected CAL in AP cases hence this molecule could be considered as a contributor to alveolar bone loss. In RANKL‐activated settings, the down‐regulation of Notch 1 might participate in more severe bone resorption in AP.
Binary funding impacts in derivative valuation
Authors: Lee Junbeom , Zhou Chao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe discuss the binary nature of funding impact in derivative valuation. Under some conditions, funding is either a cost or a benefit, that is, one of the lending/borrowing rates does not play a role in pricing derivatives. When derivatives are priced, considering different lending/borrowing rates leads to semilinear backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) and partial differential equation (PDEs), and thus it is necessary to solve the equations numerically. However, once it can be guaranteed that only one of the rates affects pricing, linear equations can be recovered, and analytical formulae can be derived. Moreover, as a by‐product, our results explain how debt value adjustment (DVA) and funding benefits are dissimilar. It is often believed that considering both DVA and funding benefits results in a double‐counting issue but it will be shown that the two components are affected by different mathematical structures of derivative transactions. We find that funding benefit is related to the decreasing property of the payoff function, but this relationship decreases as the funding choices of underlying assets are transferred to repo markets.
Appearance and reality
Authors: Hill Christopher S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is tension between the appealing idea that visual experience puts us in touch with objective reality and the doctrine of perceptual relativity, the claim that experience varies with such factors as distance, lighting, and angle of view. In this paper I present arguments for relativity, and then go on to propose that in view of relativity, we should believe that the properties presented to us in perception are relational and viewpoint‐dependent. I conclude by sketching a theory of how we nonetheless manage to achieve contact with objective properties. According to the theory, such contact is best explained in terms of perceptual representations acting in concert with cognitive and motoric representations, not in terms of perceptual representations alone.
Three decades of research on corporate governance and R&D investments: a systematic review and research agenda
Authors: Miroshnychenko Ivan , De Massis Alfredo 
Published: September 2020

This paper reviews and systematizes the empirical research on the nexus between corporate governance (CG) and investments in research and development (R&D) published in leading business, management, economics and finance journals over the past 30 years. We find that CG is key in shaping R&D investments. Moreover, the effects of both firm‐ and country‐level CG are important for both internal and external R&D investments. Drawing on our review, we welcome future studies to examine the effect of the interplay between various CG mechanisms and different types of R&D investments, and possibly identify mediating variables besides the moderating ones. Moreover, we highlight the need for future interdisciplinary studies, as well as investigations of private companies and across developing countries. Whenever causal interpretations are attempted, both sample selection and endogeneity problems should be addressed, along with testing the CG‐R&D investment nexus for nonlinear dynamics. The implications of the study for both theory and practice are also discussed.
Prolonging the duration of cooling does not enhance recovery following a marathon
Authors: Kwiecien Susan Y. , McHugh Malachy P. , Hicks Kirsty M. , Keane Karen M. , Howatson Glyn 
Published: September 2020

Runners commonly utilize cryotherapy as part of their recovery strategy. Cryotherapy has been ineffective in mitigating signs and symptoms of muscle damage following marathon running and is limited by its duration of application. Phase change material (PCM) packs can prolong the duration of cooling. This study aimed to test the efficacy of prolonging the duration of cooling using PCM on perceptual recovery, neuromuscular function, and blood markers following a marathon run. Thirty participants completed a marathon run and were randomized to receive three hours of 15°C PCM treatment covering the quadriceps or recover without an intervention (control). Quadriceps soreness, strength, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, creatine kinase (CK), and high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) were recorded at baseline, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the marathon. Following the marathon, strength decreased in both groups (P < .0001), with no difference between groups. Compared to baseline, strength was reduced 24 (P = .004) and 48 hours after the marathon (P = .008) in the control group, but only 24 hours (P = .028) in the PCM group. Soreness increased (P < .0001) and CMJ height decreased (P < .0001) in both groups, with no difference between groups. Compared to baseline, CMJ height was not reduced on any days in the PCM group but was reduced in the control group 24 (P < .0001) and 48 hours (P = .003) after the marathon. CK and hsCRP increased in both groups (P < .0001). Although the marathon run induced significant muscle damage, prolonging the duration of cooling using PCM did not accelerate the resolution of any dependent variables.
<h2 align="center"><a name="_Hlk33213971"></a><span lang="EN-US">Antibiotic-induced changes in <em>Tetranychus</em> <em>truncatus</em> bacterial community alter fecundity, longevity and sex-ratio</span></h2>
Authors: Yang Kun , Chen Han , Bing Xiao-Li , Xia Xue , Zhu Yu-Xi , Hong Xiao-Yue 
Published: September 2020

The bacterial communities of arthropods play important roles in the growth and development of their hosts, such as by providing nutrition or protecting against parasites and pathogens. However, for Tetranychus truncatus, a major crop pest, very little is known about its bacterial community. To understand the effects of the bacterial community on T. truncatus, mites were fed bean leaves that had been soaked in different concentrations of tetracycline hydrochloride (5 mg to 5 g per L). Antibiotic treatment had a negative impact on the fitness of T. truncatus, decreasing their fecundity and longevity. However, we could not exclude the possibility that the decrease in fecundity was due to a toxic effect of the antibiotic. 16S rRNA analyses showed that the antibiotic treatment did not significantly affect the diversity of bacterial species, but it did significantly change their relative abundances. Furthermore, predicted functions of microbiota were also changed with antibiotic treatment. Our research revealed that the antibiotic induced change of bacterial communities mostly decreased the fecundity of T. truncatus, although we couldn’t totally exclude the direct toxin of antibiotics on spider mites.
Discrepancy in the physical dimensions of nose and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) interface: a possible reason for high rates of nasal injury in Indian neonates
Authors: Dalal Jagjit Singh , Ajmera Sanketh Kumar , Prajapat Kanika , Sahoo Tanushree , Yadav Chander Prakash , Rao P V Madhusudhan , Thakar Alok , Thukral Anu , Sankar Mari Jeeva , Deorari Ashok Kumar , Agarwal Ramesh 
Published: September 2020

Background
Properly fitting continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) interface is critical to the efficacy and safety of nasal CPAP therapy in preterm. Unfortunately, there is a perception that CPAP interfaces being used in Indian neonatal intensive care units do not fit well and cause a high rate of nasal injury.

Objectives
To determine the nasal anthropometric dimensions in preterm (<35 weeks) Indian neonates and compare them with those of commercially available CPAP interfaces.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, relevant anterior nasal parameters were measured by three dimensional imaging in 32 preterm newborn (26
+0
–34
+6
weeks) and compared with commercially available 17 short binasal CPAP prongs of multiple sizes made by five manufacturers. Dimensions for best-suited interfaces were generated for Indian neonates.

Results
The mean (SD) gestation and birth weight of enrolled neonates were 30.6 (3.0) weeks and 1338 (575) g, respectively. The inter prong distance was narrower than the upper bound of the 95% CI of the columellar width in Hudson type CPAP interfaces in <1250 g weight category with discrepancy in measurement varying from 0.2 to 0.5 mm and 0.9–1.4 mm at midpoint and base of columella, respectively. Similarly, the lower bound of 95% CI of the distance between the lateral walls of the nostrils was narrower than the width of the prongs by 1–3 mm.

Conclusions
There is mismatch between nasal prongs and nose dimension of Indian neonates resulting in possible erosion of columella and distension of nostrils.
Premature permanent discontinuation of apixaban or warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Carnicelli Anthony P , Al-Khatib Sana M , Xavier Denis , Dalgaard Frederik , Merrill Peter D , Wojdyla Daniel M , Lewis Basil S , Hanna Michael , Alexander John H , Lopes Renato D , Wallentin Lars , Granger Christopher B 
Published: September 2020

AimsThe ARISTOTLE (Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation) trial randomised patients with atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke to apixaban or warfarin. We sought to describe patients from ARISTOTLE who prematurely permanently discontinued study drug.Methods/ResultsWe performed a posthoc analysis of patients from ARISTOTLE who prematurely permanently discontinued study drug during the study or follow-up period. Discontinuation rates and reasons for discontinuation were described. Death, thromboembolism (stroke, transient ischaemic attack, systemic embolism), myocardial infarction and major bleeding rates were stratified by ≤30 days or >30 days after discontinuation. A total of 4063/18 140 (22.4%) patients discontinued study drug at a median of 7.3 (2.2, 15.2) months after randomisation. Patients with discontinuation were more likely to be female and had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, renal impairment and anaemia. Premature permanent discontinuation was more common in those randomised to warfarin than apixaban (23.4% vs 21.4%; p=0.002). The most common reasons for discontinuation were patient request (46.1%) and adverse event (34.9%), with no significant difference between treatment groups. The cumulative incidence of clinical events ≤30 days after premature permanent discontinuation for all-cause death, thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, and major bleeding was 5.8%, 2.6%, 0.9%, and 3.0%, respectively. No significant difference was seen between treatment groups with respect to clinical outcomes after discontinuation.ConclusionPremature permanent discontinuation of study drug in ARISTOTLE was common, less frequent in patients receiving apixaban than warfarin and was followed by high 30-day rates of death, thromboembolism and major bleeding. Initiatives are needed to reduce discontinuation of oral anticoagulation.
Leukemia escape in immune desert: intraocular relapse of pediatric pro-B-ALL during systemic control by CD19-CAR T cells
Authors: Willier Semjon , Raedler Johannes , Blaeschke Franziska , Stenger Dana , Pazos Escudero Montserrat , Jurgeleit Florian , Grünewald Thomas G P , Binder Vera , Schmid Irene , Albert Michael H , Wolf Armin , Feuchtinger Tobias 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundRelapsed/refractory B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) remains a major therapeutic challenge in pediatric hematology. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting CD19 have shown remarkable initial response rates in BCP-ALL patients, while long-term leukemia control rate is only about 50%. So far, main mechanisms of BCP-ALL relapse after CD19-CAR T-cell therapy have been either insufficient CAR T-cell persistence in vivo or loss of surface CD19.Case ReportHere, we report an exceptional presentation of BCP-ALL relapse in the eye during the systemic control through CAR T-cell therapy. We report a case of fatal intraocular relapse in a pediatric patient with pro-B-ALL after initial response to CD19-CAR T-cell therapy. One month after CD19-CAR T-cell therapy, remission was documented by bone marrow aspirate analysis with absence of CD19+ cells and CD19-CAR T cells could be detected in both peripheral blood and bone marrow. At the same time, however, the patient presented with progressive visual disturbance and CD19+ cells were found within the anterior chamber of the eye. Despite local and systemic therapy, ocular relapse led to BCP-ALL dissemination and systemic relapse within weeks. The eye represents a rare site for local manifestation of BCP-ALL, but isolated intraocular relapse is a clinically unreckoned presentation of BCP-ALL in the era of CD19-CAR T cells.ConclusionDuring systemic control of BCP-ALL through CD19-CAR T cells, relapse can emerge in the eye as an immune-privileged organ. Ocular symptoms after CD19-CAR T-cell therapy should guide the clinician to elucidate the etiology in a timely fashion in order to adjust leukemia treatment strategy. Both, local immune escape as well as insufficient CAR T-cell persistence may have contributed to relapse in the reported patient. Mechanisms of relapse in an immune desert under CAR T-cell therapy require future clinical and experimental attention. In particular, ocular symptoms after CAR T-cell therapy should be considered a potentially early sign of leukemia relapse.
What do patients prefer? A multinational, longitudinal, qualitative study on patient-preferred treatment outcomes in early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Van der Elst Kristien , Mathijssen Elke G E , Landgren Ellen , Bremander Ann , De Groef An , Lindqvist Elisabet , Nylander Maria , Peters Alma , Van den Hoogen Frank , van Eijk-Hustings Yvonne , Verhoeven Gerard , Vriezekolk Johanna E , Westhovens Rene , Larsson Ingrid 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo explore treatment outcomes preferred by patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and how these change throughout the early disease stage across three European countries.MethodsA longitudinal, qualitative, multicentre study was conducted in Belgium, the Netherlands and Sweden. 80 patients with early RA were individually interviewed 3–9 months after treatment initiation and 51 of them participated again in either a focus group or an individual interview 12–21 months after treatment initiation. Data were first analysed by country, following the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven (QUAGOL). Thereafter, a meta-synthesis, inspired by the principles of meta-ethnography and the QUAGOL, was performed, involving the local research teams.ResultsThe meta-synthesis revealed 11 subthemes from which four main themes were identified: disease control, physical performance, self-accomplishment and well-being. ‘A normal life despite RA’ was an overarching patient-preferred outcome across countries. Belgian, Dutch and Swedish patients showed many similarities in terms of which outcomes they preferred throughout the early stage of RA. Some outcome preferences (eg, relief of fatigue and no side effects) developed differently over time across countries.ConclusionsThis study on patient-preferred outcomes in early RA revealed that patients essentially want to live a normal life despite RA. Our findings help to understand what really matters to patients and provide specific insights into the early stage of RA, which should be addressed by clinicians of different disciplines from the start of treatment onwards.
OPM magnetorelaxometry in the presence of a DC bias field
Authors: Jaufenthaler Aaron , Schultze Volkmar , Scholtes Theo , Schmidt Christian B. , Handler Michael , Stolz Ronny , Baumgarten Daniel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSpatial quantitative information about magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) distributions is a prerequisite for biomedical applications like magnetic hyperthermia and magnetic drug targeting. This information can be gathered by means of magnetorelaxometry (MRX) imaging, where the relaxation of previously aligned MNP’s magnetic moments is measured by sensitive magnetometers and an inverse problem is solved. To remove or minimize the magnetic shielding in which MRX imaging is carried out today, the knowledge of the influence of background magnetic fields on the MNP’s relaxation is a prerequisite. We show MRX measurements using an intensity-modulated optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) in background magnetic fields of up to $100~\upmu \mbox{T}$
100

μ

T
. We show that the relaxation parameters alter or may be intentionally altered significantly by applying static fields parallel or antiparallel to the MNP’s alignment direction. Further, not only the relaxation process of the MNP’s magnetic moments could be measured with OPM, but also their alignment due to the MRX excitation field.
Reflections on reflections of Dieter Bothe on the ‘litmus test’ for mathematical models of dynamic wetting
Authors: Shikhmurzaev Yulii D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe comments of Dieter Bothe on the ‘litmus test’ proposed in [Y.D. Shikhmurzaev, Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 229, 1945 (2020)] as a simple way of assessing adequacy of mathematical models of dynamic wetting are examined and shown to be erroneous with regards to two of the flow configurations described in the ‘litmus test’ and missing for the remaining two. Therefore, the conclusions of Bothe’s paper [D. Bothe, Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 229, 1979 (2020)] should be regarded as completely unfounded.
Mechanism of Paleoarchean continental crust formation as archived in granitoids from the northern part of Singhbhum Craton, eastern India
Authors: Dey Sukanta , Nayak Sibani Kumari , Mitra Aniruddha , Zong Keqing , Liu Yongsheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Many Paleoarchean cratons display a gradual change from early sodic tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite magmatism to late K-rich granitoid magmatism; the geodynamic significance of this change is debatable though. This contribution presents field, geochemical and zircon U–Pb age and Hf isotope results of four different 3.32–3.25 Ga granitoid bodies from the northern part of Singhbhum Craton to investigate their petrogenesis and role in crustal evolution. The granitoids range in composition from tonalites to trondhjemites, derived from intracrustal melting at low- to medium-pressure conditions. The source was mainly low-K mafic rock. The granitoids show intrasuite fractional crystallization. These sodic granitoids represent the last stage of granitoid magmatism in the Singhbhum Craton which formed contemporaneously with K-rich granitoids occurring in other parts of the craton. This fact suggests that, contrary to the popular notion (of only potassic granitoids), both sodic and potassic granitoids could form at the terminal phase of cratonization, implying reworking of heterogeneous (mafic to tonalite) crust. A combination of evidence from geochemical data, secular change in granitoid composition, structural pattern and rock association of the Singhbhum Craton reflects that recurring mantle plume-related mafic–ultramafic magma emplacement in an oceanic plateau setting and attendant crustal melting can explain the Paleoarchean crustal evolution pattern.
“It’s TikTok with no c!”: the Need for Critical Literacy Curricula in the Elementary Classroom
Authors: Nam Yoonjin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Students walk into the classroom with numerous hours of exposure to social media. Through different social media platforms, they engage in digital literacy and experience entertainment but also, questions, frustrations and different negotiations of their identities. This qualitative, ethnographic case study was done in an elementary classroom in the Midwest. Participants revealed their keen awareness to the viral debates that happened on TikTok (a mobile video- sharing app) regarding race and the frustrations they experienced through it personally. These findings suggest the urgent need for critical literacy curricula (specifically critical Hip Hop pedagogy) to be implemented within schools for dialogue to even begin which could eventually become an avenue for students to express their agency.