bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of Eosin-5’-Maleimide (EMA) Dye for the Diagnosis of Hereditary Spherocytosis
Authors: Eldanasoury A S , Habashy D M M , Ragab I A , Hassaballah D M S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
the normal biconcave discoid shape of the red blood cell (RBC) is maintained by cytoskeletal proteins underneath the membrane. This protein network and its link with the lipid bilayer are essential for RBCs to remain flexible and carry out their physiological functions. A number of disorders including hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) are caused by decreased expression or mutation of cytoskeletal proteins.

Aim of the Work
to evaluate the usefulness eosin-5-maleamide (EMA) dye binding flow cytometric test in the diagnosis of HS and assess the sensitivity and specificity of this test to distinguish HS patients from patients having anemia due to other causes.

Subjects and Methods
this study was conducted on 52 patients with chronic anemia, 21 diagnosed as HS (group I) and 31 patients with anemia due to other causes (group II). The patients were 28 males and 23 females with a male to female ratio 1.2:1, their ages ranged between 3 to 12.5 years old attending at the Pediatric Hematology Clinics, Ain Shams University Hospitals. Normal control group (group III) was included in the study.

Results
median fluorescence intensity (MFI) had shown significantly lower values in HS patients (group I) (3.78±0.48) than (iron deficiency anemia) IDA patients (group IIa) (5.56±0.35), auto immune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) patients (group IIb) (5.7±0.27), beta thalassemia intermedia (BTI) patients (group IIc) (6.01±0.63) and control group (group III) (5.3±0.43). The % reduction in EMA fluorescence proved to be significantly higher in HS patient (group I) (29.88±8.27) than in IDA patients (group IIa) (1.13±6.18), AIHA patients (-6.14±10.44) and BTI patients (group IIc) (-5.1±10.07). Multi regression analysis had been used to check the most sensitive predictors for diagnosis of HS, both EMA MFI and the % reduction in EMA fluorescence proved to be the best sensitive predictive values for discriminating HS patients, however the higher F-ratio in EMA MFI (F = 25.222) than in % reduction in EMA fluorescence intensity (F = 19.866) showed that the MFI is even better than % reduction in fluorescence in diagnosis of HS.

Conclusion
the present study highlighted the role of flow cytometric EMA binding test in differentiating HS patients from patients having anemia due to other causes.
Procollagen III amino terminal propeptide (PIIINP): A non invasive marker of methotrexate induced liver fibrosis in Rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Amer H , Ghareeb H , Mohamed N L , El-Azizi N O , Mansour A M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease with a complex pathogenesis involving multiple genetic and environmental factors. The management of RA rests on several principles. Drug treatment, which comprises disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids (GCs), as well as non-pharmacological measures, such as physical, occupational and psychological therapeutic approaches, together may lead to therapeutic success. However, the mainstay of RA treatment is the application of DMARDs. Methotrexate is an antifolate and antimetabolite; it’s one of the DMARDs. Long term therapy with methotrexate has been associated with development of fatty liver and hepatic fibrosis. Liver biopsy is the standard method for diagnosing liver fibrosis, but it may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality of up to 0.33% thereby limiting its use. So the use of noninvasive markers of hepatic fibrosis such as serial platelet counts, FIB 4 score, ALT/AST ratio and recently serum PIIINP become mandatory.

Objectives
to evaluate the reliability of PIIINP in the screening for hepatic fibrosis induced by long term methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients compared with FIB 4 score and ALT/AST ratio.

Patients and Methods
This case study included 90 RA patients categorized into 60 RA patients on MTX therapy (group I), 30 RA patients on other medications (group II). All participants were subjected to full history taking, thorough rheumatological examination and lab investigations including complete blood count (CBC), ESR, CRP, AST, ALT, RF and measurement of serum PIINP levels, DAS and FIB-4 score were calculated.

Results
Patients in group I showed significant increase in serum PIIINP compared to patients in group II. There was significant negative correlation between disease duration, Platelets count and serum PIIINP levels in patients of both groups. There was significant negative correlation between folic acid intake and serum PIIINP levels of group I. There was significant positive correlation between Mean Corpuscular Volume, AST, ALT, AST/ALT ratio, FIB-4 score and serum PIIINP levels in patients of both groups. There was significant positive correlation between MTX dose and duration and levels of serum PIIINP in patients of group I.

Conclusion
Serum PIIINP levels could be used as non invasive marker for screening for hepatic fibrosis induced by long term MTX therapy in RA patients.
Assessment of Implementation of Occupational Infection Prevention of The Employee Wellness Program among a Group Of Healthcare Workers in Pediatrics Hospital of Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Authors: Hemida E A , Mo’men M A T , Boulos D N K , Aboalfotouh A M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are exposed every day to multiple occupational hazards, the most common being the risk of exposure to occupational infections. Occupational infection prevention of the healthcare workers is a substantial issue not only to protect them, but also to protect their patients. If the risk posed by infection in health care workers is not recognized and addressed, there is the potential for large outbreaks of infection among staff and patients.

Aim of Study
Assessment of implementation of occupational infection prevention of the employee wellness program among healthcare workers in pediatrics hospital of Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Subjects and Methods
A descriptive study was conducted and a structured self-administered aided questionnaire was used to collect data from 110 healthcare workers in the pediatrics hospital at Ain Shams University in Cairo to assess the pre-employment procedures, investigations, infection control training provided by the hospital and post exposure management procedure.

Results
Around half of the participants (48.2%) reported that they had undergone the pre-employment screening procedures. The majority of participants (85.4%) received infection control training at the hospital. Most of the participants didn’t receive the appropriate management after needle stick injury.

Conclusion and Recommendations
the current system followed in the Pediatrics hospital does not adequately implement all of the essential elements of the employee wellness program and needs to be improved. Co-ordination between the occupational health unit and infection control department should be done to improve the implementation of other elements of the employee wellness program to protect healthcare workers from occupational infections.
Environmental safety assessment of a printing plant in cairo, egypt
Authors: Ibrahim A A , Elgewely M S , Hakim S A , Wassif G O 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The workplace environment impacts workers health, morale, productivity and engagement - both positively and negatively. The workplace environment in most of industry is unsafe and unhealthy. During the past ten years, the printing services have met a large development. Technological changes and the introduction of new work processes in the matter of printing have had a deep impact on labor, security and health.

Objectives
to describe the environmental features of a printing press in Cairo.

Methods
A descriptive observational study was carried out in a big printing press in Cairo, Egypt. Assessment of the work environment (prepress department, printing department, bookbinding section & office) was done using checklist modified from that of occupational safety team, 2012.

Results
The majority of the study participants (79.5%) in the printing press were working in the printing and bookbinding department. which complains from poor ventilation, poor housekeeping, presence of spills & tripping hazards, lack of personal protective equipments, presence of noisy machines, significant manual handling & awkward body positions, lack of first aid kit & hazardous containers (ink containers in the printing department & adhesives in the bookbinding department) were left open. By comparing the departmental total score of the items in the environmental checklist; the prepress department were the highest in fulfilling the positive items with score (86.66%) and the printing & bookbinding department were the least with total score (40.09%).

Conclusion
The study concluded that some areas of the printing press (printing & bookbinding department) need urgent attention to the work environment and recommend periodic environmental examination, good housekeeping, training, health education & provision of protective measures. Further work to confirm these findings in other study settings & population is also needed.
Mild cognitive impairment among type 2 diabetic patients attending Zagazig University outpatient clinics
Authors: Elshamy N H , Salama I I , Gabal M S , Hassan A M , Abdellatif G A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective
The incidence of mild cognitive impairment increases with age, so this study is conducted to assess the relation between mild cognitive impairment and type 2 diabetes.

Methods
100 type 2 diabetic patients attending Zagazig University outpatient clinics with age range from 40-60 years old was included in the study. These patients were matched with 100 non-diabetic controls regarding age, sex and educational class. Patients with important risk factors for cognitive disorders (cerebro-vascular stroke, organ failure, mental disorders, etc.) were not included in the study. Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) was done for all participants by an expert examiner using MoCA tool.

Results
Mild cognitive impairment was confirmed in 22% of diabetic patients and in 9% of control group (p &lt; 0.05) with total MoCA score lower in diabetic group than control one (p &lt; 0.01).

Conclusion
Type 2 diabetes may be associated with lower levels of cognitive function.
Evaluation of Subclinical Nail changes in Patients with Chronic Plaque Psoriasis using Dermoscopy
Authors: Sallam M A , Elzawahry K M A , Attia R O M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Dermoscopy is a non-invasive technique that allows the visualization of subtle clinical features of the skin surface and appendages details not visible to the naked eye, allowing magnifications of up to 200x. It is widely used for evaluating and diagnosing all nail diseases, as it provides important information. As any other examination, nail dermoscopy (onychoscopy) requires a good knowledge of nail anatomy & physiology and the pathogenesis of the nail diseases, and it is helpful for the diagnosis of numerous nail diseases and tumors. Nail disorders are defined according to their appearance and the part of the nail affected (from distal to proximal): hyponychium, onychodermal band (ODB), nail bed, nail plate, lateral nail folds (perionychium), lunula (distal part of the matrix), cuticle, nail matrix and proximal nail fold.

Objective
To study the dermoscopic findings of subtle nail changes in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis and compare it with that nail changes in healthy controls by both polarized and non polarized mode of dermoscope, aiming to assist clinicians in correctly evaluating and diagnosing nail changes with the help of dermoscopy.

Methods
We conducted a comparative descriptive study on 50 patients having chronic plaque psoriasis, 26 were males (52.0%) and 24 were females (48.0%), as well as 50 normal healthy control subjects, 31 were males (62.0%) and 19 were females (38.0%). Patients and controls were randomly recruited from the outpatient clinic of dermatology department at Ain Shams University Hospitals, during the period from February 2018 till September 2018. And the age of both groups ranged from 14 to 70 years.

Results
Our study revealed that the most common fingernail changes found in psoriatic patients were nail plate thickening and crumbling followed by Dilated nailbed capillaries at the onychodermal band, Oncholysis, Subungual hyperkeratosis, Pitting, Longitudinal ridges, Scales, Salmon patch, Leukonychia, Splinter hemorrhage, Lunula red spot and Trachyonychia. And the most common toenail changes found in psoriatic patients were Subungual hyperkeratosis followed by Nail Plate Thickening &Crumbling, Oncholysis, Pitting, Longitudinal ridges, Scales, Salmon patch, Trachyonychia, Dilated nailbed capillaries at the onychodermal band, Splinter hemorrhage, Leukonychia and Lunula red spot. We found there was no difference between polarized and non polarized mode of dermoscope in examination of fingernails and toenails except that the non polarized mode showed the changes of the Dilated capillaries at the onychodermal band more obviously. And also, there was no difference between wet and dry method of polarized mode of dermoscope.

Conclusion
This study confirms that a handheld dermoscope is a very efficient and simple tool for detection of any nail abnormality.
Prevelance and Causes of Facial Hyperpigmentation in Egypt: Dermoscopic and Histopathological Study
Authors: Abdallah M A , Sultan M Y , Abdallah A H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
One of the most common dermatological complaints from patients with skin of color is dyspigmentation, particularly hyperpigmentation. The challenge for clinicians is to establish correct diagnoses along with successful treatments to meet the needs of the increasingly diverse population.

Aim of the Work
To identify the prevalence and the causes of facial hyperpigmented lesions in Egyptian people by using dermoscope and histopathological examination.

Patients and Methods
This study is a prospective cross-sectional non-controlled study that included 125 patients with facial hyperpigmentary lesions on the face. The patients were randomly recruited from the outpatient clinic of Dermatology at Ain Shams University Hospitals, during the period from July 2017 till December 2018.

Results
In our study, 67 patients (44%) had melasma; 25patient (16%) PIH and 23 (15%) patients showed freckles. In addition, SK was diagnosed in 10 patients (6%), phototoxicity in 4 patients (2.5%), 11(7.5%) patient was diagnosed with LPP, riehls melanosis was also diagnosed in 3 patients (2%), 2 patient presented with epidermal naevi (1.8%) and one patient presented with naevus of ota (0.5%) and one with solar lentigo (0.5%).

Conclusion
Dermoscopic examination can be dignostec in some diseases like SK and it can be helpful the determine the level of pigmentation and to expect the treatment results. And correlation between histopathology and dermoscopy can be helpful to reach the final diagnosis ant to determine the best treatment choice.
Whole Area versus Focal Acne Scar Treatment (FAST) of Post Acne-Scars by Fractional CO2 Laser: A Comparative Study
Authors: Abdallah M A , Gobrial C K T , Gomah S G H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Acne scarring is often the primary concern of a patient with acne. Acne scarring can cause depression and is a risk factor for suicide. Patients feel their appearance interferes with their relationships and chances of future employment. Acne scars can be classified into 3 different types: atrophic, hypertrophic, or keloidal. Atrophic acne scars are the most common type. Atrophic acne scars are divided into three main types: ice pick, rolling and boxcar scars.

Aim of the Work
To compare the results of whole facial area versus Focal Acne Scar Treatment (FAST) by factional CO2 laser in a split face study.

Patients and Methods
The present study is a split face comparative study which included 20 adult patients with atrophic acne scars ranged from 18 to 44 years old of both sex. The study was approved by the Research Ethical Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University and fulfilled all the ethical aspects required in human research. All patients received full information about description of the procedure of treatment, possible side effects, photo documentation and they all provided written consent.

Results
Patients were asked to compare the pain, peeling and complications between the right and left sides post CO2 fractional treatment: pain was more at right side in 35% of cases and more at left side in 30% of cases and equal in the rest of cases, peeling was faster at the right side in 60% of cases, faster at the left side in 20% of cases and equal at the rest of cases, 4 of the patients had post inflammatory hyperpigmentation (1 patient at right side, 2 patients at left side and 1 patient at both sides), no other complications were recorded as secondary infection, scaring keloid and prolonged erythema.

Conclusion
We compared the results of whole facial area treatment in the right side of the face versus Focal Acne Scar Treatment (FAST) in the left side by factional CO2 laser. We discovered that there is a statistically highly significant relationship between the improvement of acne scars and treatment with fractional CO2 laser by the either techniques. Both techniques are preferable in treating acne scars in equal degree.
Effect of Local versus Systemic Steroids in Treatment of Children with Otitis Media with Effusion
Authors: Shafik A G , Hassabalah M S , Maarouf A M , Elghobashy M K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
otitis media with effusion (OME) or glue ear is the collection of fluid behind the tympanic membrane without inflammatory signs present for 6 weeks.

Aim of the Work
comparing the effect of intra nasal versus systemic steroids in treatment of children with Otitis media with effusion as regard: Improvement of clinical symptoms and Audiological findings.

Subjects and Methods
this study is a prospective, case control study on the effects of intranasal versus systemic steroids on children with otitis media with effusion. This thesis study was conducted on 30 patients diagnosed according to clinical and audiological assessment recruited from otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic Ain Shams university hospital from October 2017 to July 2018. An informed consent was obtained from each patient or control or their legal guardians before enrolment in the study.

Results
however, statistically there is no significant relation between the occurrence of complete resolution of OME and the route of administration of steroid (either intranasal or systemic), whatever the cause either allergic rhinitis or adenoid hypertrophy. So we can use either intranasal or systemic steroids in management of otitis media with effusion in children with either allergic rhinitis or adenoid hypertrophy or both.

Conclusion
both topical intranasal and oral steroids are effective adjunctive treatment for OME in children in the short term, without significant difference between the two methods, and thus oral steroid complications could be avoided using local steroid spray.
The Impact Of Chronic Rhinosinusitis On Olfaction: Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Elbeltagy Y F , Elhalabi H S , Ahmed N S , Maarouf A M , Saleeb M F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the leading causes of olfactory. Olfactory impairments in CRS can be classified into two broad mechanisms of impairment: conductive losses from obstruction of the nasal passages, or sensorineural causes from damage to the olfactory neuroepithelium. Nestin is one type of intermediate filament protein, was a specific marker for OE stem cells. It was found that nestin is actually expressed in the axonal ends and inferior processes of OE sustentacular cells in the basal compartment of the epithelium. Nestin immunoreactivity, which is clearly present in the sustentacular cell layer of normosmic patients, was slightly reduced in the OE of subjects suffering from hyposmia. In contrast, in the OE of anosmics, nestin expression was found to be noticeably reduced. This indicates that expression of nestin protein is related to olfactory function and is down regulated with loss of olfactory function.

Methods
This study included 60 patients (20 chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps patients (CRSwp), 20 chronic rhinosinusitis without polyps patients (CRSsp), and 20 controls). Biopsies taken from olfactory mucosa during surgery. Immunohistochemical examination was done using nestin protein marker, a marker directly related to function in olfactory mucosa, to examine the etiology of olfactory dysfunction in CRS.

Results
There was a significant difference between the three study groups was found regarding olfaction. While there was a highly statistically significant difference between the three groups regarding nestin staining pattern, however, when comparing the two cases groups, the difference was not significant. Nestin staining decreased in both cases groups and patients with CRSwp have more olfactory dysfunction than patients with CRSsp. This means that while the inflammatory process is strongly present in both groups, the presence of polyps increases olfactory function loss.

Conclusion
Olfactory dysfunction in patients with CRS is multifactorial where both obstructive and inflammatory causes contribute in the pathogenesis.
A comparative study between the effect of radio-chemotherapy versus surgery with or without postoperative radiotherapy on advanced stage hypopharyngeal carcinoma (stage III and IV)
Authors: Hamid O , Ahmed S , Elrashedy M F 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The improvement of clinical outcomes for patients with hypopharyngeal SCC has been particularly challenging for head and neck surgeons and oncologists. CRT has been used for patients with advanced hypopharyngeal cancer with the aim of preserving the larynx. The reasons for the un-favorable prognosis of hypopharyngeal cancers are the strong tendency for extensive sub-mucosal spread, the early occurrence of regional lymphatic involvement, and the relatively high rate of distant spread.

Aim
This study was conducted to collect the recent data about the different modalities of management of advanced stage hypopharyngeal carcinoma (stage III and IV), and systematically review the outcomes of each modality either alone or in combination and compare the efficacy of them.

Method
I- Target determination II- Identification and location of articles III- Screening and evaluation of articles IV- Data collection V- Reporting and interpretation VI- Discussion and consultation

Results
We found 650 record; of them 160 unique records identified (duplicate removed) by the database searches; 490 were excluded based on title and abstract review; 160 article are searched for eligibility by full text review; 119 articles cannot be accessed or obtain full text; 10 studies were reviews and case reports; 3 were not describing functional outcome, overall survival, regarding surgery group was reported in 8 studies with total 1657 patients achieved overall survival (46.23%); While in CRT group, it was reported in 18 studies with total 2995patients achieved overall survival (43%).Comparative study between the 2 groups revealed decrease in overall survival rate; in CRT group; compared to surgery group; with significant statistical difference (p = 0.019).

Conclusion
The treatment approach had a significant impact on OS and RR, as described in other series. Given the equivalence between these two strategies suggested in several series, definitive CRT seems to be an advantageous option as it improves organ preservation and, consequently, the functional outcome.
Recent developments in chemo-radiation treatment techniques could hopefully increase tumor management and survival rates.