bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXCLUSIONS FROM THE CATECHUMENATE: CONTINUITY OR DISCONTINUITY WITH PAGAN CULT?
Authors: Dickie Matthew 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper looks at the categories of person that two Christian documents, the Traditio apostolorum and Book 8 of the Constitutiones apostolorum, that belong respectively to the 3rd and later 4th centuries AD, propose be excluded from the catechumenate, apparently on the ground that the callings they follow make them morally-unfit. It asks whether that was the only reason for their exclusion and suggests that the prejudice from which such callings as performing on the stage and charioteering suffered in Roman society was also a factor. The paper then goes on to ask whether these exclusions from the catechumenate in their concern with moral fitness represent a radical new departure from anything to be found in pagan cult and whether we should continue to subscribe to the widely-held belief that pagan cult is not concerned with the moral state of the worshipper, but only with the punctilious performance of the ritual by persons not defiled by recent sexual contact or by the death of a close relative. It concludes that there is no discontinuity and that moral unworthiness could well be a source of concern in pagan cult.
Epicurus On Pleasure
Authors: Nikolsky Boris 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe paper deals with the question of the attribution to Epicurus of the classification of pleasures into 'kinetic' and 'static'. This classification, usually regarded as authentic, confronts us with a number of problems and contradictions. Besides, it is only mentioned in a few sources that are not the most reliable. Following Gosling and Taylor, I believe that the authenticity of the classification may be called in question. The analysis of the ancient evidence concerning Epicurus' concept of pleasure is made according to the following principle: first, I consider the sources that do not mention the distinction between 'kinetic' and 'static' pleasures, and only then do I compare them with the other group of texts which comprises reports by Cicero, Diogenes Laertius and Athenaeus. From the former group of texts there emerges a concept of pleasure as a single and not twofold notion, while such terms as 'motion' and 'state' describe not two different phenomena but only two characteristics of the same phenomenon. On the other hand, the reports comprising the latter group appear to derive from one and the same doxographical tradition, and to be connected with the classification of ethical docrines put forward by the Middle Academy and known as the divisio Carneadea. In conclusion, I argue that the idea of Epicurus' classification of pleasures is based on a misinterpretation of Epicurus' concept in Academic doxography, which tended to contrapose it to doctrines of other schools, above all to the Cyrenaics' views.
THE RECONCEPTUALIZATION OF KINGSHIP IN DEUTERONOMY AND THE DEUTERONOMISTIC HISTORY'S TRANSFORMATION OF TORAH
Authors: Levinson Bernard 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBecause the royal ideology of ancient Israel was largely identical to that of the broader ancient Near East, the points of divergence are the more remarkable. In particular the legal corpus of Deuteronomy conceptualizes the king in a way that rejects all prevailing models of monarchic power, both Israelite and Near Eastern. Deuteronomy submits a utopian manifesto for a constitutional monarchy that sharply delimits the power of the king. This redefinition of royal authority takes place as part of a larger program (Deut. xvi 18-xviii 22) whereby the authors of Deuteronomy redefine the jurisdiction of each branch of public office (local and central judicial administration, kingship, priesthood, and prophecy). Each is subordinated, first, to the requirements of cultic centralization, and, second, to the textual authority of deuteronomic Torah. This utopian delimitation of royal power never passed from constitutional vision into historical implementation: it represented such a radical departure from precedent that the Deuteronomistic Historian, precisely while seeming to implement deuteronomic law, pointedly reversed the deuteronomic program and restored to the monarch all that Deuteronomy had withheld.
The osteology and relationships of Pipa aspera (Amphibia: Anura: Pipidae), with notes on its natural history in French Guiana
Authors: Trueb Linda , Massemin David 
Published: July 2002

AbstractRecent field and laboratory observations on Pipa aspera from central French Guiana have yielded new information on the morphology, ecology, reproductive habits, and relationships of this poorly known pipid frog from northeastern South America. Morphologically, P.aspera is most similar to P.arrabali, from which it differs in details of its cranial and postcranial osteology. The snout of P.aspera is less depressed than that of P.arrabali and the eye is proportionally larger in P. aspera than in P. arrabali; in addition, P. aspera has wide nostrils that are more narrowly separated from one another than are those of P. arrabali. A phylogenetic analysis reveals P. carvalhoi to be the sister taxon to [P. aspera + [P. arrabali + [P. snethlageae + P. pipa]]]. Like P. arrabali, P. aspera produces relatively few, large young that undergo their complete development on the back of the female. Pipa aspera differs from its congeners in its preferred habitat of freshwater pools in flowing streams on the slopes of massifs of the Guyana Shield. De récents travaux menés en Guyane française sur l'amphibien anoure Pipa aspera (Pipidae) ont apporté des informations inédites sur la morphologie, l'écologie, le mode de reproduction et le comportement de cette espèce peu connue du Nord Est de l'Amérique du Sud. D'un point de vue morphologique, Pipa aspera est proche de P. arrabali duquel il se distingue toutefois par quelques détails de l'ostéologie crânienne et post-crânienne. De plus, chez P.aspera, le museau est moins déprimé et les yeux sont proportionnellement plus grands que chez P. arrabali. Les narines de Pipa aspera sont également plus larges et plus nettement séparées l'une de l'autre qu'elles ne le sont chez P.arrabali. Une analyse phylogénétique a révélé P.carvalhoi comme étant le taxon soeur de [P. aspera + [P. arrabali + [P. snethlageae + P. pipa]]]. Tout comme chez P. arrabali, les oeufs, pondus en petite quantité, se développent dans le dos de la femelle jusqu'à la métamorphose complète des têtards en jeunes grenouilles. Pipa aspera diffère également des autres Pipidés par son habitat particulier: des flaques alimentées par de l'eau vive et fraîche dans le lit de petites rivières dévalant le long de quelques reliefs marqués du plateau des Guyanes.
Burrowing ecology of the rare and elusive Louisiana pine snake, Pituophis ruthveni (Serpentes: Colubridae)
Authors: Himes John 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe burrowing ecology of 12 adult and nine juvenile Louisiana pine snakes, Pituophis ruthveni, was studied during 1995-1997 in north-central Louisiana, U.S.A. Significantly more adult burrows connected to pocket gopher (Geomys breviceps) tunnels than did juvenile burrows, although a relatively high number of adult and juvenile snake burrows were blind-ended. Significantly more adult snake burrows were located in pine plantations and grasslands and significantly less were located in clearcuts than expected. Significantly more juvenile snake burrows were located in pine plantations than expected. Adult and juvenile snake burrows were located in areas that had relatively less leaf litter and canopy closure than expected. Excavation behavior by P. ruthveni was stereotyped and similar to excavation behavior by the bullsnake, Pituophis catenifer sayi and the northern pine snake, Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus.
SCENT MARKING IN MEADOW VOLES AND PRAIRIE VOLES: A TEST OF THREE HYPOTHESES
Authors: Ferkin M.H. , Mech S.G. , Paz-Y-Miño C.  
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Most terrestrial mammals deposit scent marks to communicate with conspecifics. We examined the scent marking behaviour of meadow voles and prairie voles, species with different mating systems and social organizations, to determine whether voles scent mark according to the 'targeting' response, the 'avoidance' response, or the 'shotgun' response. The targeting response occurs when the second scent donor deposits more of its scent marks in an area marked by the first scent donor than in an unscented area. The avoidance response occurs when the second scent donor deposits more of its scent marks in an unscented area than in an area marked by the first scent donor. The shotgun response occurs when the second scent donor deposits a similar number of its scent marks in an area containing scent marks of a conspecific and in an area containing no conspecific scent marks. We allowed voles simultaneous access to an arena containing two arms: one of the arms was scented by a conspecific and the other arm was unscented. We recorded the number of marks deposited by the voles in each arm and the amount of time they spent investigating marks deposited previously in the scented arm. Our data provide no support for the avoidance response, but provide support for the shotgun response and the target response. Species and sex differences in the scent marking behaviours of voles when they encounter the scent marks of conspecifics are discussed within the framework that scent marking responses depend on the voles' social organization and mating system, and that these responses may reflect the tactics males and females use to attract mates and compete with same-sex conspecifics.
A COMMENT ON A RECENT PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF CERTAIN ORDERS OF THE BRANCHIOPOD CRUSTACEA
Authors: Fryer Geoffrey 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA recent phylogenetic analysis of certain branchiopod crustaceans has many defects. It uses many characters of no phylogenetic significance, others whose state is wrongly assessed, and others that are inapplicable to the organisms concerned. Based as it is on such imperfect information, some of its conclusions are unacceptable, though, ironically, some correct associations are made on the basis of incorrect facts. Une analyse phylogenetique recente de certains crustaces branchiopodes presente beaucoup de defauts. Elle utilise beaucoup de caracteres sans signification phylogenetique, d'autres dont l'etat est mal evalue, et d'autres encore qui ne sont pas applicables aux organismes concernes. Fondees sur une telle information imparfaite, certaines de ses conclusions sont inacceptables, encore que, ironiquement, plusieurs associations soient correctes, bien que fondees sur des faits incorrects.
Evaluation of risk factors associated with acute kidney injury in a level IV regional NICU
Authors: Hartman KL , Geraci E , Spencer J , Kukla M , Acquisto NM , Hutchinson DJ 
Published: February 2025

Background Intervening on neonates at risk for developing acute kidney injury (AKI) improves safety and clinical outcomes. This study sought to evaluate risk factors associated with AKI in a level IV neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods Single-center, case-control study of patients with corrected gestational age (GA) ≤44 weeks from 2018 to 2022. Cases were those that developed AKI after day 4 of life. Controls were the next neonate admitted to the same NICU team that met inclusion criteria but did not develop AKI. Neonatal and maternal factors, nephrotoxic medication administration, and procedures were analyzed to identify risk factors associated with AKI using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results A total of 94 patients were included: 47 cases and 47 controls. GA <27 weeks, birth weight <1500 grams, low APGAR score, intubation at birth, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and sepsis were associated with AKI on univariate analysis. Most cases (89.4%) had >4 risk factors, and this was associated with a 13.1-fold increase in the odds of developing AKI. Multivariate analysis identified GA <27 weeks (OR 7.7, 95% CI 1.7–34.4), vasopressor and/or inotrope administration (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.2–23.8), and diagnosis of PDA (OR 6.9, 95% CI 1.5–31.3) as independent predictors of AKI. Conclusions Risk factors associated with AKI were identified, and a 13.1-fold increase in AKI was found when >4 risk factors were present. This information may be used to expand renal acuity surveillance programs focusing on high-risk medication evaluation, demographic, and clinical factors.
An empirical Scherrer equation for weakly swelling mixed-layer minerals, especially illite-smectite
Authors: Jaboyedoff M. , Kübler B. , Thélin Ph. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe Scherrer equation links the measured width of an X-ray diffraction peak (Scherrer width, SW) to the number of stacked cells (N) in the direction normal to the diffracting planes. The formula is only valid for one d-value occurring in the coherently diffracting domain. This equation can be modified for weakly swelling mixed-layer minerals. This assumes that the peak broadening caused by the mixed-layering is proportional to the amount of swelling component (S) and that the effects of size and mixed-layering are additive.If two SW can be measured on XRD patterns from samples treated in two different ways (such as air dried or glycolated), N and S can be determined. This equation is applicable to illite-smectite mixed-layer minerals with high illitic content. The results are most accurate for N>30. The use of Scherrer's equation is discussed.
Nano-scale microstructure of Fe3+-, OH−-bearing crystalline inclusions in experimentally oxidized olivine from a mantle nodule
Authors: Khisina N. R. , Langer K. , Andrut M. , Ukhanov A. V. , Wirth R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAn olivine grain from peridotite nodule 9206 (Udachnaya kimberlite) was heated in air at 700°C for 9 h. It was investigated by EMPA, by IR and UV spectroscopy and by TEM. The TEM examination reveals hexagon-like inclusions up to several hundred nm in size with a core and rim structure. The AEM data show that the inclusions contain only Mg, Fe and Si as cations. The rims have almost the same composition as the olivine matrix whereas the cores are enriched in iron and depleted in Mg. Electron diffraction data, SAED and CBED, indicate that the rims are composed of a ‘secondary’ olivine while the cores are composed of coexisting feroxyhite FeOOH, bernalite Fe(OH)3 and β-cristobalite SiO2. The presence of nm-sized inclusions in minerals is expected to influence the interpretation of spectroscopic results if spectroscopy is carried out without knowledge of the microstructure.It is speculated that the complex microstructure of the inclusions is a result of a solid state transformation of a precursor phase, probably a hydrous magnesian silicate, during the experimental heating and oxidation.
Leucite-pollucite structure-type variability and the structure of a synthetic end-member calcium wairakite (CaAl2Si4O12·2H2O)
Authors: Henderson C. M. B. , Bell A. M. T. , Kohn S. C. , Page C. S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe structure of a synthetic end-member wairakite (CaAl2Si4O12·2H2O) has been determined using Rietveld analysis of high-resolution, synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, and 29Si and 27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The framework in the synthetic sample is more disordered than that in natural wairakite. Ca is distributed over the cavity cation sites M2, M12A, M12B in the approximate proportions 0.8:0.1:0.1, respectively, with M11 being vacant. 29Si MAS NMR data are consistent with about 80% of the Si occupying tetrahedral T11 and T12 sites linked to two Al atoms [Q4(2Al) silicons]. Tetrahedral and cavity cation site disorder are coupled so that Al mainly occupies T2 sites, with Ca in M12A and M12B being balanced by Al in T12A and T12B; T11A and T11B sites appear to only contain Si, in agreement with the M11 site being vacant. The crystal chemistries of the wide range of stoichiometries which crystallize with the leucite/pollucite structure-type are also reviewed, with particular attention being paid to the tetrahedral ordering configurations present in these phases, and the implications to crystallographic phase transitions.
The composition and structure of jeanbandyite and natanite
Authors: Betterton J. , Green D. I. , Jewson C. , Spratt J. , Tandy P. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe rare iron-tin hydroxide minerals natanite and jeanbandyite occur as small pseudo-octahedral crystals in high-temperature Sn-Cu-As veins at Penberthy Croft Mine and Hingston Downs Quarry, Cornwall. The lattice parameters for jeanbandyite and natanite are reported and compared to previously calculated values. The chemical composition of jeanbandyite is discussed and a significant proportion of divalent Fe and Mn is shown to be present.
Model for a factor IX activation complex on blood platelets: dimeric conformation of factor XIa is essential
Authors: Gailani David , Ho David , Sun Mao-Fu , Cheng Qiufang , Walsh Peter N. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractHuman coagulation factor XI (FXI) is a plasma serine protease composed of 2 identical 80-kd polypeptides connected by a disulfide bond. This dimeric structure is unique among blood coagulation enzymes. The hypothesis was tested that dimeric conformation is required for normal FXI function by generating a monomeric version of FXI (FXI/PKA4) and comparing it to wild-type FXI in assays requiring factor IX activation by activated FXI (FXIa). FXI/PKA4 was made by replacing the FXI A4 domain with the A4 domain from prekallikrein (PK). A dimeric version of FXI/PKA4 (FXI/PKA4-Gly326) was prepared as a control. Activated FXI/PKA4 and FXI/PKA4-Gly326 activate factor IX with kinetic parameters similar to those of FXIa. In kaolin-triggered plasma clotting assays containing purified phospholipid, FXI/PKA4 and FXI/PKA4-Gly326 have coagulant activity similar to FXI. The surface of activated platelets is likely to be a physiologic site for reactions involving FXI/FXIa. In competition binding assays FXI/PKA4, FXI/PKA4-Gly326, and FXI have similar affinities for activated platelets (Ki = 12-16 nM). In clotting assays in which phospholipid is replaced by activated platelets, the dimeric proteins FXI and FXI/PKA4-Gly326 promote coagulation similarly; however, monomeric FXI/PKA4 has greatly reduced activity. Western immunoblot analysis confirmed that activated monomeric FXI/PKA4 activates factor IX poorly in the presence of activated platelets. These findings demonstrate the importance of the dimeric state to FXI activity and suggest a novel model for factor IX activation in which FXIa binds to activated platelets by one chain of the dimer, while binding to factor IX through the other.
Polyethylene glycol–coated red blood cells fail to bind glycophorin A–specific antibodies and are impervious to invasion by the Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite
Authors: Blackall Douglas P. , Armstrong Jonathan K. , Meiselman Herbert J. , Fisher Timothy C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis study was designed to assess the binding of glycophorin A–specific antibodies to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified red blood cells (RBCs) and evaluate their resistance to invasion byPlasmodium falciparum malaria parasites. RBCs were conjugated with a range of concentrations (0.05 to 7.5 mM) of activated PEG derivatives of either 3.35 or 18.5 kd molecular mass. The binding of glycophorin A–specific antibodies was assessed by hemagglutination and flow cytometry. PEG-modified RBCs were assessed for their ability to form rosettes around Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transiently expressing the glycophorin A binding domain of EBA-175, a P falciparum ligand crucial to RBC invasion. PEG-RBCs were also tested for their ability to be invaded by the malaria parasite. RBCs coated with 3.35 and 18.5 kd PEG demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of glycophorin A–specific antibody binding, CHO cell rosetting, and P falciparum invasion. These results indicate that glycophorin A epitopes responsible for antibody and parasite binding are concealed by PEG coating, rendering these cells resistant to P falciparum invasion. These studies confirm the effectiveness of PEG modification for masking RBC-surface glycoproteins. This may provide a means to prevent alloimmunization in the setting of RBC transfusion and suggests a novel method to enhance the effectiveness of exchange transfusion for the treatment of cerebral malaria.
Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte and antibody responses to enhanced green fluorescent protein following transplantation of transduced CD34+ hematopoietic cells
Authors: Rosenzweig Michael , Connole Michelle , Glickman Rhona , Yue Soon-Pak Shinji , Noren Bradley , DeMaria MaryAnn , Johnson R. Paul 
Published: July 2002

AbstractGenetic modification of hematopoietic stem cells often results in the expression of foreign proteins in pluripotent progenitor cells and their progeny. However, the potential for products of foreign genes introduced into hematopoietic stem cells to induce host immune responses is not well understood. Gene marking and induction of immune responses to enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) were examined in rhesus macaques that underwent nonmyeloablative irradiation followed by infusions of CD34+ bone marrow cells transduced with a retroviral vector expressing eGFP. CD34+ cells were obtained from untreated animals or from animals treated with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) alone or G-CSF and recombinant human stem cell factor. Levels of eGFP-expressing cells detected by flow cytometry peaked at 0.1% to 0.5% of all leukocytes 1 to 4 weeks after transplantation. Proviral DNA was detected in 0% to 17% of bone marrow–derived colony-forming units at periods of 5 to 18 weeks after transplantation. However, 5 of 6 animals studied demonstrated a vigorous eGFP-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response that was associated with a loss of genetically modified cells in peripheral blood, as demonstrated by both flow cytometry and polymerase chain reaction. The eGFP-specific CTL responses were MHC-restricted, mediated by CD8+lymphocytes, and directed against multiple epitopes. eGFP-specific CTLs were able to efficiently lyse autologous CD34+ cells expressing eGFP. Antibody responses to eGFP were detected in 3 of 6 animals. These data document the potential for foreign proteins expressed in CD34+ hematopoietic cells and their progeny to induce antibody and CTL responses in the setting of a clinically applicable transplantation protocol.