bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intestinal microbiota regulates anti‐tumor effect of disulfiram combined with Cu2+ in a mice model
Authors: Hu Hong , Cui Lanyue , Lu Jiachen , Wei Kehong , Wei Jing , Li Shaobo , Zou Changwei , Chen Tingtao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundA growing number of studies show that intestinal microbiota affect the therapeutic effects of antineoplastic agents. Disulfiram (tetraethylthiuram disulfide, DSF) is an old alcohol‐aversion drug that has been shown to be effective against various types of cancers in preclinical studies, while few studies are carried out to explore its mechanism.MethodsA mice model of melanoma xenograft was generated and treated with antibiotics (Abx), disulfiram/copper (DSF/Cu2+), Abx + DSF/Cu2+, and the tumor volume and survival curve were observed. Hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining and western blotting (WB) were used to observe the protein changes related to cell morphology, inflammation, and apoptosis in tumor tissues. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in tumors. High‐throughput sequencing was used to detect the effects of Abx and DSF/Cu2+ on intestinal microbiota.ResultsThe DSF/Cu2+ and Abx + DSF/Cu2+ markedly delayed tumor progression and prolonged mice survival, of which the combination of Abx and DSF/Cu2+ possessed the best anti‐tumor effect. Abx + DSF/Cu2+ significantly reduced the pro‐inflammatory cytokines Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) in tumors, and significantly reduced the expression of phosphorylated‐protein kinase B (p‐AKT)/protein kinase B (AKT), toll‐like receptors 4 (TLR‐4), and phosphorylated‐ nuclear factor kappa‐B (p‐NFκB)/NFκB in tumors. Moreover our high‐throughput sequencing first indicated that the sound anti‐cancer effect of Abx + DSF/Cu2+ had a strong connection with the increased abundance of intestinal beneficial bacteria Akkermansia, as well as the reduced abundance of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria Campylobacterales, Helicobacteraceae, and Coriobacteriaceae.ConclusionsThe disturbed intestinal microbiota (increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens Campylobacterales, Helicobacteraceae, and Coriobacteriaceae) and the over‐activated TLR4/NF‐κB signaling pathway in tumor tissues deteriorated the cancer development, and the using of antibiotics is benefit to enhance the therapeutic effect of DSF on tumors via inhibiting the growth of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria.
Spontaneous regression of squamous cell carcinoma in the setting of dental infection and needle biopsy
Authors: Divakar Prashanthi , Khan Muhammad J. , Polacco Marc , Kerr Darcy A. , Paydarfar Joseph A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo our knowledge, this is the first reported case of spontaneous regression of squamous cell carcinoma within a lymph node. We speculate that prior dental infection, fever, and biopsy incited an antitumor immune reaction.
Fe3O4@C Nanotubes Grown on Carbon Fabric as a Free‐Standing Anode for High‐Performance Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Xijun , Shen Jiadong , Li Fangkun , Wang Zhuosen , Zhang Dechao , Zuo Shiyong , Liu Jun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecently, Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) have attracted extensive attention owing to their wide applications in portable and flexible electronic devices. Such a huge market for LIBs has caused an ever‐increasing demand for excellent mechanical flexibility, outstanding cycling life, and electrodes with superior rate capability. Herein, an anode of self‐supported Fe3O4@C nanotubes grown on carbon fabric cloth (CFC) is designed rationally and fabricated through an in situ etching and deposition route combined with an annealing process. These carbon‐coated nanotube structured Fe3O4 arrays with large surface area and enough void space can not only moderate the volume variation during repeated Li+ insertion/extraction, but also facilitate Li+/electrons transportation and electrolyte penetration. This novel structure endows the Fe3O4@C nanotube arrays stable cycle performance (a large reversible capacity of 900 mA h g−1 up to 100 cycles at 0.5 A g−1) and outstanding rate capability (reversible capacities of 1030, 985, 908, and 755 mA h g−1 at 0.15, 0.3, 0.75, and 1.5 A g−1, respectively). Fe3O4@C nanotube arrays still achieve a capacity of 665 mA h g−1 after 50 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 in Fe3O4@C//LiCoO2 full cells.
Hybridorubrins A–D: Azaphilone Heterodimers from Stromata of Hypoxylon fragiforme and Insights into the Biosynthetic Machinery for Azaphilone Diversification
Authors: Becker Kevin , Pfütze Sebastian , Kuhnert Eric , Cox Russell J. , Stadler Marc , Surup Frank 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe diversity of azaphilones in stromatal extracts of the fungus Hypoxylon fragiforme was investigated and linked to their biosynthetic machineries by using bioinformatics. Nineteen azaphilone‐type compounds were isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and their absolute stereoconfigurations were assigned by using Mosher ester analysis and electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy. Four unprecedented bis‐azaphilones, named hybridorubrins A–D, were elucidated, in addition to new fragirubrins F and G and various known mitorubrin derivatives. Only the hybridorubrins, which are composed of mitorubrin and fragirubrin moieties, exhibited strong inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. Analysis of the genome of H. fragiforme revealed the presence of two separate biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) hfaza1 and hfaza2 responsible for azaphilone formation. While the hfaza1 BGC likely encodes the assembly of the backbone and addition of fatty acid moieties to yield the (R)‐configured series of fragirubrins, the hfaza2 BGC contains the necessary genes to synthesise the widely distributed (S)‐mitorubrins. This study is the first example of two distant cross‐acting fungal BGCs collaborating to produce two families of azaphilones and bis‐azaphilones derived therefrom.
Hydrophilic Microporous Polymer Membranes: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Zuo Peipei , Zhou Jiahui , Yang Zhengjin , Xu Tongwen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIon and water transfer in subnanometer‐sized confined channels of hydrophilic microporous polymer membranes show enormous potential in tackling the ubiquitous trade‐off between permeability and selectivity for energy and environment‐related membrane technologies. To this end, a variety of hydrophilic polymers of intrinsic microporosity (HPIMs) have been developed. Herein, the synthetic strategies toward HPIMs are summarized, including post‐synthetic modification of polymers to introduce polar groups (e. g., amines, hydroxy groups, carboxylic acids, tetrazoles) or charged moieties (e. g., quaternary ammonium salts, sulfonic acids), and the polymerization of hydrophilic monomers. The advantages of HPIM membranes over others when employed in energy conversion and storage, acid gas capture and separation, ionic diodes, and ultrafiltration, are highlighted.
Corporate social responsibility and employee performance: The mediating role of employee engagement in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan
Authors: Ali Hafiz Yasir , Asrar‐ul‐Haq Muhammad , Amin Shaheera , Noor Sadaf , Haris‐ul‐Mahasbi Muhammad , Aslam Muhammad Kashif 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPast research proposes that corporate social responsibility (CSR) affects employees' behaviors and attitude. However, the empirical evidence of this claim is limited particularly in the context of eastern developing economies like Pakistan. So, the study in hand is an effort to extend the existing CSR literature by investigating the impact of CSR on employee performance using the lens of social identity theory. Additionally, the study also investigates the intervening role of employee engagement (EE) in the above‐mentioned association. To test the proposed model, data were collected from employees of the manufacturing sector in two waves with an interval of 4 weeks. The findings suggest that CSR has a significant impact on employees' performance and engagement. Findings also confirm that EE partially mediates the association of CSR and employee performance. The study concludes with its theoretical and practical implications and directions for future researchers.
Downstream Processing Strategies for Lignin‐First Biorefinery
Authors: Sun Zhuohua , Cheng Jinling , Wang Dingsheng , Yuan Tong‐Qi , Song Guoyong , Barta Katalin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe lignin‐first strategy has emerged as one of the most powerful approaches for generating novel platform chemicals from lignin by efficient depolymerization of native lignin. Because of the emergence of this novel depolymerization method and the definition of viable platform chemicals, future focus will soon shift towards innovative downstream processing strategies. Very recently, many interesting approaches have emerged that describe the production of valuable products across the whole value chain, including bulk and fine chemical building blocks, and several concrete examples have been developed for the production of polymers, pharmaceutically relevant compounds, or fuels. This Minireview provides an overview of these recent advances. After a short summary of catalytic systems for obtaining aromatic monomers, a comprehensive discussion on their separation and applications is given. This Minireview will fill the gap in biorefinery between deriving high yields of lignin monomers and tapping into their potential for making valuable consumer products.
Population‐wide shifts in herbivore resistance strategies over succession
Authors: Kalske A. , Kessler A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs a strategic cost‐saving alternative to constitutive resistance, induction of resistance against herbivores in plants can be especially beneficial when enemies are scarce or variable in abundance. Although probably describing the two ends of a continuum, constitutive and induced resistance strategies have long been observed to trade off within species. Examining these traits among populations along a successional gradient can help explain how temporally variable environments can maintain genetic variation and how ecosystem processes are affected by shifting plant resistance trait expression over time. Here we leverage large experimental plots that represent a chronosequence of succession up to 15 yr in combination with common garden experiments to examine changes in the selective environment and genetic differences in tall goldenrod’s (Solidago altissima) constitutive and induced resistance. We show that resistance against a specialist herbivore Trirhabda virgata was inducible in the plants originating from midsuccession, which coincides with the largest loads of herbivores. The flavonoid compound content of the leaves varied with successional stage of the population of origin, which is indicative of constitutive differences in secondary metabolite production. Finally, there was a clear trade‐off between constitutive and induced resistance. Our study indicates that selection for resistance traits within a population can be highly variable over time and likely result in genetically determined shifts of resistance strategies over relatively short time periods via genotype sorting.
Prediction of haemodynamics after interatrial shunt for heart failure using the generalized circulatory equilibrium
Authors: Nishikawa Takuya , Saku Keita , Uike Kiyoshi , Uemura Kazunori , Sunagawa Genya , Tohyama Takeshi , Yoshida Keimei , Kishi Takuya , Sunagawa Kenji , Tsutsui Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsInteratrial shunting (IAS) reduces left atrial pressure in patients with heart failure. Several clinical trials reported that IAS improved the New York Heart Association score and exercise capacity. However, its effects on haemodynamics vary depending on shunt size, cardiovascular properties, and stressed blood volume. To maximize the benefit of IAS, quantitative prediction of haemodynamics under IAS in individual patients is essential. The generalized circulatory equilibrium framework determines circulatory equilibrium as the intersection of the cardiac output curve and the venous return surface. By incorporating IAS into the framework, we predict the impact of IAS on haemodynamics.Methods and resultsIn seven mongrel dogs, we ligated the left anterior descending artery and created impaired cardiac function with elevated left atrial pressure (baseline: 7.8 ± 1.0 vs. impaired: 11.9 ± 3.2 mmHg). We established extracorporeal left‐to‐right atrial shunting with a centrifugal pump. After recording pre‐IAS haemodynamics, we changed IAS flow stepwise to various levels and measured haemodynamics under IAS. To predict the impact of IAS on haemodynamics, we modelled the fluid mechanics of IAS by Newton's second law and incorporated IAS into the generalized circulatory equilibrium framework. Using pre‐IAS haemodynamic data obtained from the dogs, we predicted the impact of IAS flow on haemodynamics under IAS condition using a set of equations. We compared the predicted haemodynamic data with those measured. The predicted pulmonary flow [r2 = 0.88, root mean squared error (RMSE) 11.4 mL/min/kg, P < 0.001), systemic flow (r2 = 0.92, RMSE 11.2 mL/min/kg, P < 0.001), right atrial pressure (r2 = 0.92, RMSE 0.71 mmHg, P < 0.001), and left atrial pressure (r2 = 0.83, RMSE 0.95 mmHg, P < 0.001) matched well with those measured under normal and impaired cardiac function. Using this framework, we further performed a simulation study to examine the haemodynamic benefit of IAS in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. We simulated the IAS haemodynamics under volume loading and exercise conditions. Volume loading and exercise markedly increased left atrial pressure. IAS size‐dependently attenuated the increase in left atrial pressure in both volume loading and exercise. These results indicate that IAS improves volume and exercise intolerance.ConclusionsThe framework developed in this study quantitatively predicts the haemodynamic impact of IAS. Simulation study elucidates how IAS improve haemodynamics under volume loading and exercise conditions. Quantitative prediction of IAS haemodynamics would contribute to maximizing the benefit of IAS in patients with heart failure.
Electrochemical Investigation of Heterogeneous Affinity Behaviour of Methylene Blue and G‐quadruplex
Authors: Zhao Ling‐Li , Zhang Xin‐Xiang , Zhou Ying‐Lin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe heterogeneous binding behaviour between methylene blue (MB) and G‐quadruplex, one kind of single‐stranded (ss) DNA with specific guanine tetrads, has been thoroughly studied via electrochemical techniques. Positively charged MB interacted electrostatically with both G‐quadruplex and normal ssDNA but the binding and dissociation kinetics between them were significantly different. Compared with ssDNA, G‐quadruplex had a slower binding rate constant and dissociation rate constant with MB since there existed other different binding mechanisms between G‐quadruplex and MB besides electrostatic interaction. This work might provide valuable information in the design and development of DNA sensors.
Lifetime patterns of comorbidity in eating disorders: An approach using sequence analysis
Authors: Van Alsten Sarah C. , Duncan Alexis E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveEating disorders (EDs) have high rates of psychiatric comorbidity. This study aimed to characterize longitudinal patterns of comorbidities in adults with EDs.MethodsSequence analysis and hierarchical clustering were applied to ages of onset and recency for select eating, substance, mood, and anxiety disorders from the 479 participants in the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys with lifetime DSM‐IV bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, or anorexia nervosa. External validators were compared across clusters using chi‐square tests.ResultsFive clusters were identified among individuals with any lifetime ED based on longitudinal sequence of psychiatric disorder onset and remission, characterized as: (1) multi‐comorbid with early onset of comorbid disorder (46%); (2) moderate preeminent anxiety with moderate comorbidity and low ED persistence (20%); (3) late ED onset with low comorbidity (15%); (4) early onset, persistent ED with low comorbidity (14%); and (5) chronic, early onset depression (5%). Clusters were well differentiated by significant differences in age, body mass index, race, and psychiatric indicators.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a new method to assess clustering of comorbidity among individuals with lifetime EDs. Having a psychiatric diagnosis prior to an ED was associated with greater psychopathology and illness duration. Information on timing of diagnoses may allow for more refined comorbidity classification.
On inquiry in futures and foresight science
Authors: Rowland Nicholas J. , Spaniol Matthew J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTwo patterns of inquiry in futures and foresight science have been called into question, namely, the conflict of interest inherent in the practice of self‐observation among facilitators and the inadequacy of retrospective scientific accounts by proponents of their own methods. This is especially concerning as the broader management literature, in addition to numerous disciplinary areas, make the “practice turn,” which implies greater emphasis on enactment in practice, and therefore, greater scrutiny of the methods used to evaluate, examine, and explore those practices. In this piece, we reflect on the practice of inquiry in futures and foresight science. We fully and unambiguously acknowledge that there are many barriers to the empirical study, direct observation, and scholarly communication of futures and foresight practices. We propose a collaborative “facilitator‐observer” model of inquiry to obviate predictable critiques of futures research. One author facilitates; the other author observes. The upshot of this examination is insight associated with observing the enactment of ontology “in action” and a novel framework for the collaborative display of results that usefully differentiates the facilitator from the observer as authors. In the end, after sharing our inquiry practices, we recommend more analytical energy be devoted to reflecting on the conduct of science in futures and foresight in the widest sense. After all, our collective credibility is on the line in scientific circles beyond the close‐knit futures community.
Distinct early symptoms in neuropathologically proven frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: Kawakami Ito , Arai Tetsuaki , Shinagawa Shunichiro , Niizato Kazuhiro , Oshima Kenichi , Ikeda Manabu 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesFrontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is associated with accumulation of neurodegeneration‐related protein, such as tau, TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43), or fused in sarcoma protein (FUS). There have been very few systematic studies of the early symptoms of clinical phenotypes: behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA). Clinical subtypes and the patterns of atrophy reflect protein‐accumulation patterns, but the relationship between early symptoms and pathological findings remains unclear.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated the clinical records and examined the neuropathology of 39 bvFTD and 6 svPPA patients to identify symptoms appearing within 2 years of the first clinically apparent changes.ResultsThe bvFTD group consisted of 13 FTLD‐tau, 18 FTLD‐TDP, and 8 FTLD‐FUS, and the svPPA group consisted of 6 FTLD‐TDP. Age at death is significantly younger in FTLD‐FUS (52.8 ± 12.6; P = 0.0104 < 0.05). Over 50% of bvFTD patients show apathy or inertia, and distinct language features appear early in svPPA. Interestingly, bvFTD and svPPA frequently present additional symptoms, not included in the diagnostic criteria, such as physical signs, reticence, dazed condition, and delusions. Stereotyped behaviors, hyperorality and dietary changes are prominent in FTLD‐FUS, while linguistic deficits are greater in FTLD‐TDP.ConclusionsSpecific symptoms tend to appear in the early stage of FTLD in each pathological background. They might reflect the morphological features and pathological progression, and should be helpful in the stratification of patients for future therapeutic trials based on the proteinopathies.
Reaching at‐risk rural men: An evaluation of a health promotion activity targeting men at a large agricultural event
Authors: Seaman Claire Ellen , Green Elyce , Smith Brent 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIssue addressedThis paper evaluates the effectiveness of an Australian Men's Shed Association's ‘Spanner in the Works?’ health promotion tent in reaching at‐risk rural men during a large agricultural event in rural Australia.MethodsMen who self‐presented to the health promotion tent had basic health measurements and risk scores recorded. These were linked to a short survey asking about their primary health care engagement. To determine the ‘reach’ afforded to health professionals through their presence at the agricultural event, the mean systolic blood pressure and waist circumference measures of participants were compared to those of rural men nationally using the ABS' National Health Survey 2017‐2018 Basic Confidentialised Unit Record File (CURF).ResultsOf the 401 men who visited the health promotion tent, 346 (86.3%) consented to participate in the study. The median age of participating men was 56 years. The majority (94.0%) were from rural areas. Of participating men, 58.9% had high blood pressure, and their mean systolic blood pressure was significantly higher than that of rural men nationally: both overall (Mean difference = 15.37 mm Hg), and at all age groups. Participants also had significantly higher waist circumference overall (Mean difference = 2.06 cm), but this was only significantly different for the 45‐54 age group.ConclusionsThe ‘Spanner in the Works?’ initiative was effective in reaching both healthy and at‐risk rural men from a range of ages.So what?Aligned with the National Men's Heath Strategy 2020‐2030, this evidences that agricultural events are an effective social setting for the provision of health promotion to ‘at risk’ rural men.
A value‐at‐risk computation based on heavy‐tailed distribution for dynamic conditional score models
Authors: El Ghourabi Mohamed , Nani Asma , Gammoudi Imed 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the estimating ability of GAS models in the computation of the value‐at‐risk by applying the extreme‐value theory. Our approach is the limiting result of an infinity shift of location. In this work, we use the generalized pareto distribution since it plays a central role in modelling heavy tail phenomena in many applications. A simulation study is performed to assess the estimated value‐at‐risk. Moreover, we examine the performance of the proposed method with daily returns of three stock market indices. The results prove that the presented approach gives good predictions for all indices.
National culture, corporate governance and corruption: A cross‐country analysis
Authors: Boateng Agyenim , Wang Yan , Ntim Collins , Glaister Keith W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDrawing on institutional theory, we examine the impact of corporate governance (CG) on corruption. The interaction effects of national culture and CG on corruption are also examined. By employing a dataset of 149 countries, our baseline findings indicate that the quality of CG practices reduces the level of corruption. Findings also show that three cultural dimensions, namely, power distance, individualism and indulgence moderate the CG‐corruption nexus. Our findings indicate that CG and national culture explain the level of corruption among societies, with national culture appearing to matter more than the quality of CG. Our findings remain unchanged after controlling for endogeneities, country‐level factors, CG and corruption proxies.