bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mating precedes selective immune priming which is maintained throughout bumblebee queen diapause
Authors: Colgan Thomas J , Finlay Sive , Brown Mark JF , Carolan James C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Understanding the mechanisms by which organisms adapt to unfavourable conditions is a fundamental question in ecology and evolutionary biology. One such mechanism is diapause, a period of dormancy typically found in nematodes, fish, crustaceans and insects. This state is a key life-history event characterised by arrested development, suppressed metabolism and increased stress tolerance and allows an organism to avoid prolonged periods of harsh and inhospitable environmental conditions. For some species, diapause is preceded by mating which can have a profound effect on female behaviour, physiology and key biological processes, including immunity. However, our understanding of how mating impacts long-term immunity and whether these effects persist throughout diapause is currently limited. To address this, we explored molecular changes in the haemolymph of the ecologically important pollinator, the buff-tailed bumblebee Bombus terrestris . B. terrestris queens mate prior to entering diapause, a non-feeding period of arrested development that can last 6-9 months. Using mass-spectrometry-based proteomics, we quantified changes in the pre-diapause queen haemolymph after mating, as well as the subsequent protein expression of mated queens during and post-diapause. Results: Our analysis identified distinct proteome profiles associated with diapause preparation, maintenance and termination. More specifically, mating pre-diapause was followed by an increase in the abundance of antimicrobial peptides, key effectors of the immune system. Furthermore, we identified the elevated abundance of these proteins to be maintained throughout diapause. This finding was in contrast to a general reduction in immune proteins during diapause suggestive of selective immune priming and expression during diapause. Diapause also affected the expression of proteins involved in cuticular maintenance, olfaction, as well as proteins of unknown function, which may have roles in diapause regulation. Conclusions: Our results provide clear molecular evidence for the consequences and benefits of mating at the immune level as it precedes the selective increased abundance of antimicrobial peptides that are sustained throughout diapause. In addition, our results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms by which bumblebees prepare for, survive, and recover from diapause, insights that may have implications for our general understanding of these processes in other insect groups.
Coping styles in myalgic university students: A case control study.
Authors: Soto-Goñi Xabier , Viñals Ana Cristina , Pérez-González Fabian , Sánchez-Labrador Luis , Domínguez-Gordillo Adelaida , Sánchez-Sánchez Teresa , Ardizone-García Ignacio , Jiménez-Ortega Laura 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: Patients suffering pain related temporomandibular disorders (TMD) exhibit greater levels of psychological distress, environmental stress, somatic symptoms, anxiety, depression, somatic awareness, pain catastrophizing, and pain coping strategies compared to pain-free controls. However, little is known about psychological factors involved in the different TMD types fulfilling DC/TMD criteria. Furthermore, regardless of the severity, the role of general coping strategies and styles in TMD is not yet well understood. The main goal of this study was to investigate anxiety, personality traits, and coping behavior in a group of dentistry students suffering from temporomandibular disorder with myalgia.

Methods: A cohort of 102 university students was initially recruited for this study. Following clinical evaluation, a myalgia group (24 participants) and a control group (25 participants) were formed. Participants were later assessed in anxiety, stress coping strategies, and personality measures by using the State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), coping response inventory (CRI), and Neo Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) questionnaires respectively.

Results: The myalgia group presented greater levels of trait anxiety and neuroticism in comparison to the control group. In addition, participants with myalgia showed higher levels of avoidance coping.

Conclusions: Avoidance coping strategies are generally considered maladaptive, as they seem to increase perceived stress, a robust predictor of TMD. Interventions to reduce stress levels and prevent maladaptive coping styles, might improve temporomandibular health and prevent the myalgia and its chronification.
Comparison of videolaryngoscopy and direct laryngoscopy by less experienced paramedics during out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. An observational prospective study.
Authors: Risse Joachim , Volberg Christian , Kratz Thomas , Plöger Birgit , Jerrentrup Andreas , Pabst Dirk , Kill Clemens 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Videolaryngoscopy (VL) has become a popular method of intubation (ETI). Although VL may facilitate ETI in less-experienced rescuers there are limited data available concerning ETI performed by paramedics during CPR. The goal was to show the benefit of VL during CPR performed by non-physicians in a single emergency department in Germany. We investigated in an observational prospective study the superiority of VL for less-experienced paramedics during CPR compared with direct laryngoscopy (DL).Methods: We instructed and equipped paramedics from four ambulances in endotracheal intubation (ETI) with GlideScope® (GVL). The primary endpoint was good visibility of the glottis (Cormack-Lehane grading 1/2), and the secondary endpoint was successful intubation.Results: In total n = 97 patients were included, n = 69 using DL (with n = 85 intubation attempts) and n = 28 using VL (with n = 37 intubation attempts). Videolaryngoscopy resulted in a significantly improved visualization of the larynx compared with DL. In the group using GVL, 82% rated visualization of the glottis as CL 1&2 versus 55% in the DL group (p = 0.02). Despite better visualization of the larynx, there was no statistically significant difference in successful ETI between GVL and DL (GVL 75% vs. DL 68.1%, p = 0.63).Conclusions: When used by paramedics during CPR, GVL led to better visibility of the glottis but did not increase the number of successful initial intubation attempts. Therefore, we conclude that education in VL should also focus on insertion of the endotracheal tube, considering the different procedures of GVL.
Active and latent tuberculosis among refugees and asylum seekers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Proenca Raquel , Souza Fernanda Mattos , Bastos Mayara Lisboa , Caetano Rosangela , Braga Jose Ueleres , Faerstein Eduardo , Trajman Anete 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: In 2017, there were 68.5 million refugees, asylum seekers and persons displaced by wars and conflicts worldwide. Tuberculosis prevalence in the country of origin and adverse conditions endured during their journey may increase their risk for tuberculosis. Objective: We summarized the prevalence of active and latent tuberculosis infection among refugees and asylum seekers through a literature systematic review and meta-analysis by country of origin. Methods: Articles published in Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and LILACS from 2000 to August 2017 were searched for, without language restriction. Two independent authors performed the study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Random effect models were used to estimate pooled measures of active and latent tuberculosis prevalence. Sub-group analysis was performed according to country of origin and host continent. Results: Sixty-seven out of 767 identified papers were included, of which 16 entered the meta-analysis. Pooled prevalence of active and latent tuberculosis was 1% [95% confidence interval (CI)=1-2%] and 37% (95% CI=23-52%), respectively, both with high level of heterogeneity (I 2 =98.2% and 99.8%). Prevalence varied more according to countries of origin than host continent. Ninety-one per cent of studies reported routine screening of recently arrived immigrants in the host country; two-thirds confirmed tuberculosis bacteriologically. Many studies failed to provide relevant information. Conclusion: Tuberculosis is a major health problem among refugees and asylum seekers and should be given special attention in any host continent. To protect this vulnerable population, ensuring access to healthcare for early detection for prevention and treatment of the disease is essential. Key words: Forced migration. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Latent tuberculosis infection. Prevalence. Global health.
Analysis of Causes of Death Among Brought-in-Dead Cases in a Third-Level Hospital in Lusaka, Republic of Zambia, Using the Tariff Method 2.0 for Verbal Autopsy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yokobori Yuta , Matsuura Jun , Sugiura Yasuo , Mutemba Charles , Nyahoda Martin , Mwango Chomba , Kazhumbula Lloyd , Yuasa Motoyuki , Chiluba Clarence 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Over one third of deaths in Zambian health facilities involve someone who has already died before arrival (i.e., brought in dead [BiD]), and in most BiD cases, the causes of death (CoD) have not been fully analyzed. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the CoD of BiD cases using the Tariff Method 2.0 for automated verbal autopsy (VA), which is called SmartVA.Methods The target site was one third-level hospital in the Republic of Zambia’s capital city. All BiD cases aged 13 years and older at this facility from January to August 2017 were included. The deceased’s closest relatives were interviewed using a structured VA questionnaire (Population Health Metrics Research Consortium Shortened Questionnaire) and the data were analyzed using the SmartVA to determine the CoD at the individual and population level. The CoDs were compared with description on the death notification forms by using t-test and Cohen’s kappa coefficient.Results Approximately 1500 cases were included (average age = 47.2 years, 61.8% males). The top CoD were infectious diseases, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, tuberculosis, and malaria, followed by non-communicable diseases, such as stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus (DM). The comparison with the CoD distribution among hospital deaths showed that the trends were similar except for DM, which was greater among hospital deaths, and malaria and accident, which were less frequent in the main CoD. The proportion of cases with a determined CoD was significantly higher when using the SmartVA (75%) than the death notification form (61%). A proportion (42.7%) of the CoD-determined cases matched in both sources, with a low concordance rate (kappa coefficient = 0.1385).Conclusions The CoD of the BiD cases were successfully analyzed using the SmartVA for the first time in Zambia. While there many erroneous descriptions on the death notification form, the SmartVA could determine the CoD among more BiD cases. Since the information on the death notification form is reflected in the national vital statistics, more accurate and complete CoD data are required. In order to strengthen the death registration system with accurate CoD, it will be useful to embed the SmartVA in Zambia’s health information system.
Parent-Adolescent Communication about Sexual and Reproductive Health and Its Association with Gender and Pre-Marital Sex Among Secondary and Preparatory School Students in Woldia Town, North East Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Masresha Seteamlak Adane , Alen Gedefaw Diress , Aberra Israel Abraham , Dender Dawit Koru , Mamo Zekarias Abuhay , Girma Asfaw Derib , Misgie Ebrahim Mussa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background : Adolescent today faced different health threats which are predominantly behavioral. Parent-adolescent communication about sexual matters is one of the means that encourages adolescents to adopt responsible sexual behavior. Many children in Africa is uncomfortable to have a Communication about sexual and reproductive health issues with their parents because the subject is a taboo topic in most homes. So, this study aimed to assess magnitude of communication between adolescents and parents on SRH issues and its association with gender and premarital sexual practice among school adolescents of Woldia Town. Methods : School based cross-sectional study was conducted on 368 unmarried Secondary and preparatory school adolescents (15-19 years) in Woldia Town. Simple random sampling were employed to select study participants. Self-administered questionnaire were used. Data were entered by EPI-Data version 3.0.2 and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Result : In this study 56.3% of school adolescents had parental communication on sexual and reproductive health issues. The result of this study showed that there was a significant negative association between pre-marital sexual practice and adolescent-parent communication on SRH issues where by adolescents who had history of sexual intercourse where 64% less likely to communicate with parents (AOR: 0.36 95% CI: 0.20, 0.65). Conclusion and recommendation : This study showed that adolescent-parent communication about sexual and reproductive health issues was low in Woldia Town. Therefore, programs focusing on meeting young people sexual and reproductive health needs in the area should focus on changing the social and cultural views of communicating sexual issues in addition to working on changing individual behaviors on contraceptive use.
Association between Dietary Selenium Intake and the Prevalence of Osteoporosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wang Yuqing , Xie Dongxing , Li Jiatian , Long Huizhong , Wu Jing , Wu Ziying , He Hongyi , Wang Haochen , Wang Yilun , Yang Tuo 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective To examine the correlation between dietary selenium (Se) intake and the prevalence of osteoporosis (OP) in the general middle-aged and older population in China. Methods Data for analyses were collected from a population based cross-sectional study performed at the Xiangya Hospital Health Management Centre. Dietary Se intake was evaluated using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. OP was diagnosed on the basis of bone mineral density scans using a compact radiographic absorptiometry system. The correlation between dietary Se intake and the prevalence of OP was primarily examined by multivariable logistic regression. Results This cross-sectional study included a total of 6267 subjects (mean age: 52.2 ± 7.4 years; 42% women), and the prevalence of OP among the included subjects was 9.6% (2.3% in men and 19.7% in women). Compared with the lowest quartile, the energy intake, age, gender and body mass index (BMI)-adjusted odds ratios of OP were 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55-0.94), 0.72 (95% CI 0.51-1.01) and 0.47 (95% CI 0.31-0.73) for the second, third and fourth quartiles of dietary Se intake, respectively (P for trend = 0.001). The results remained consistent in male and female subjects. Adjustment for additional potential confounders (i.e., smoking status, drinking status, physical activity level, nutritional supplements, diabetes, hypertension, fibre intake, and calcium intake) did not cause substantial changes to the results. Conclusions In the middle-aged and older humans, participants with lower levels of dietary Se intake have a higher prevalence of OP in a dose-response manner.
Why is tobacco control progress in Indonesia stalled? - A qualitative analysis of interviews with tobacco control experts
Authors: Astuti Putu Ayu Swandewi , Assunta Mary , Freeman Becky 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Introduction Indonesia shoulders a significant tobacco burden, with almost two million cases of tobacco-related illnesses and more than two hundred thousand tobacco-related deaths annually. Indonesian tobacco control is progressing but lags behind other countries. Our study evaluates factors that contribute to the slow progress of tobacco policy change in Indonesia from the perspective of tobacco control experts (TCEs).Method We conducted qualitative interviews with four international and ten national TCEs, who have been active in tobacco control for at least 5 years. Our interview guideline included questions on the current tobacco control situation in Indonesia and explored reasons why tobacco control is progressing so slowly. The interviews were conducted either in English or Bahasa Indonesia, recorded and then transcribed verbatim. We conducted a thematic analysis based on five core causal factors for policy adoption: institutions, networks, socio-economic factors, agendas and ideas.Results and Discussion The multistage delay of tobacco policy adoption is principally due to political structures and policy hierarchy, complex bureaucracy, unclear roles and responsibilities, and a high degree of corruption. The low bargaining position and lack of respect for the Ministry of Health also contributes. There are contrasting frames of tobacco as a strategic economic asset and tobacco control as a sovereignty threat. There is an imbalance of power and influence between well entrenched and resourced tobacco industry networks compared to relatively young and less established tobacco control networks. The policy agenda is likely influenced by the privileged position of tobacco in Indonesia as a socially acceptable product with high consumption. There are constraints on transferring ideas and evidence to successful policy adoption.Conclusion Tobacco companies have substantially influenced both policy decisions and public perceptions, signifying a power imbalance within the government system and broader networks. Acceding to and enforcing the WHO-FCTC would enable the Indonesian government to shift the power imbalance towards public health stakeholders. Tobacco control advocates must enhance their network cohesion and embrace other community groups to improve engagement and communication with policymakers.
Finding a novel tetramethylated hydroxydiethylene of resveratrol analogue for potential anticancer agent
Authors: Xin Zhen-Hui , Meng Ya-Li , Jiang Wen-Jing , Li Ya-Peng , Ge Li-Ping , Zhang Cun-Hui , Liu Lian-Na , Kang Yan-Fei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
With the improvement and advance in cancer diagnosis and treatment, the cancer is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Obviously, new breakthroughs in therapies remain be urgent needed. In this work, we designed and synthesized the compound 1-4, namely resveratrol analogues with methylation of hydroxy distyrene, to further explore its new anti-cancer potential. Encouragingly, compound 1 (( E )-4,4'-(ethene-1,2-diyl)bis(3,5-dimethylphenol)) exhibited cytotoxicity superior to resveratrol in MCF 7 cells. More importantly, the compound 1 showed greater toxicity to tumor cells than that to normal cells, which proved that it could selectively kill tumor cells. The favorable results encouraged us to explore the inhibitory mechanism of compound 1 on MCF 7 cells. The research finding indicated the compound 1 inhibited tumor cell proliferation by both arresting cell cycle in S phase and apoptosis via a prooxidant manner. In addition, the results further verified compound 1 caused cell cycle arrest in S phase and apoptosis by down-regulation of the cycling A1/cycling A2 expression and the rise of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in a p21-dependant pathway in MCF 7 cells. Therefore, these results are helpful for the effective design of anticanceranticancer reagents and the better understanding of their mechanism of action.
Discrimination by parity is a prerequisite for assessing induction of labour outcome – observational study
Authors: Denona Branko , Foley Michael , Mahony Rhona , Robson Michael 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective: To demonstrate that studies on induction of labour should be analyzed by parity as there is a significant difference in the labour outcome among induced nulliparous and multiparous women Methods: Obstetric outcome, specifically caesarean section rates, among induced term nulliparous and multiparous women without a previous caesarean section were analyzed using the Robson 10 group classification 2 for the year 2016. Results: The caesarean rates among nulliparous women in spontaneous and induced labour, Robson groups 1 and 2A, were 7.8% (151/1925) and 32.6% (437/1339) respectively and among multiparous (excluding those women with a previous caesarean section), Robson group 3 and 4A were 1%(24/2389) and 4.4% (44/1005), respectively. Pre labour caesarean rates for nulliparous and multiparous women, Robson groups 2B and 4B 2 were 3.9% (133/3397) and 2.8% (100/3494), of the respective single cephalic cohort at term. Conclusion: The data strongly suggests that studies on induction of labour should be analyzed by parity and should probably be confined to nulliparous women.
Intestinal microbes affect bile acid metabolism involved in gallstone formation
Authors: Wang Qiang , Hao Chenjun , Yao Wenchao , Zhu Defu , Lu Haifeng , Li Long , Ma Biao , Xue Dongbo , Zhang Weihui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: The gut microbiota participates in the metabolism of substances and energy, promotes the development and maturation of the immune system, forms the mucosal barrier, and protects the host from pathogen attacks. Although the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones is still not clear, studies have suggested that gut microbiota dysbiosis plays an important role in their formation. Methods: Microbial DNA from faeces of normal control patients and those of patients with calculi was subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing to detect gene expression changes in intestinal microbes. ELISA kits were used to measure free bile acids, secondary bile acids and coprostanol according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The relationship between flora and their metabolites was then analysed. Results: In the gallstone group, the diversity of intestinal bacteria and the abundances of certain phylogroups were significantly decreased (p<0.05), especially Firmicutes (p<0.05), the largest phylum represented by the gut microbiota. This study found an increase in free bile acids (p<0.001) and secondary bile acids (p<0.01) in the enterohepatic circulation. Bile salt hydrolase activity was not related to the abundances of BSH-active bacteria. 7a-dehydroxylating gut bacteria were significantly increased (p<0.01), whereas cholesterol-lowering bacteria were significantly reduced (p<0.05). The Ruminococcus gnavus group could be used as a biomarker to distinguish the gallstone group from the control group. Conclusion: Substantial changes in the intestinal flora of patients with gallstones were observed, which affect cholesterol and bile acid metabolism and can lead to gallstones. Keywords: Gut microbiota, Gallstone, Bile acid, BSH, 16S rRNA gene sequencing