bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ethnic interpretation of mental distress from the perspective of Tongan men and community leaders
Authors: Vaka Sione , Neville Stephen , Holroyd Eleanor 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTongan people living in New Zealand have a high prevalence of mental illness and low uptake of mental health services. Rates of mental illnesses also differ between those born in Tonga and those born in New Zealand. However, little is known about the personalized and culturally shaped meaning and experience of mental distress in this population. Therefore, this research explored the meaning of mental distress for Tongan men and community leaders living in Auckland, New Zealand. The Tongan cultural framework, talanoa (talking, to tell), enabled a culturally congruent and collective approach to examining mental health‐related ideologies and ensuing distress. Two talanoa groups were held (one with men and one with community leaders), with a total of 18 participants. The primary research questions focused on tufunga faka‐Tonga (Tongan constructions of mental distress). Four themes emerged: fa’unga (reality), hu‘unga (directionality), ta‘anga (temporality), and tu‘unga (positionality). The analytic lens used to define reality was fa‘unga, because this concept encompasses the creation/preservation of sino (body), me‘a (thing, something), and mo‘oni (truth, real). The findings suggested that it is necessary to incorporate tufunga faka‐Tonga into all aspects of service delivery to improve mental health services for the Tongan population. The Tongan community will benefit from increased awareness of tufunga faka‐paiōsaikosōsiolo (biopsychosocial constructions of mental distress) and tufunga fepaki mo e fetaulaki he vaha‘a ‘o e tufunga faka‐paiōsaikosōsiolo mo e tufunga faka‐Tonga (intersections between biopsychosocial and Tongan constructions of mental distress) to support identification of health risks and health service seeking behaviours.
Large‐scale DNA‐based survey of frogs in Amazonia suggests a vast underestimation of species richness and endemism
Authors: Vacher Jean‐Pierre , Chave Jérôme , Ficetola Francesco Gentile , Sommeria‐Klein Guilhem , Tao Shengli , Thébaud Christophe , Blanc Michel , Camacho Agustín , Cassimiro José , Colston Timothy J. , Dewynter Maël , Ernst Raffael , Gaucher Philippe , Gomes Jerriane Oliveira , Jairam Rawien , Kok Philippe J. R. , Lima Jucivaldo Dias , Martinez Quentin , Marty Christian , Noonan Brice P. , Nunes Pedro M. Sales , Ouboter Paul , Recoder Renato , Rodrigues Miguel Trefaut , Snyder Andrew , Marques-Souza Sérgio , Fouquet Antoine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimMapping Amazonian biodiversity accurately is a major challenge for integrated conservation strategies and to study its origins. However, species boundaries and their respective distribution are notoriously inaccurate in this region. Here, we generated a georeferenced database of short mtDNA sequences from Amazonian frogs, revised the species richness and the delimitation of bioregions of the Eastern Guiana Shield and estimated endemism within these bioregions.LocationAmazonia, with a focus on the Eastern Guiana Shield.Taxon studiedAmphibia: Anura.MethodsWe used an extensive DNA‐based sampling of anuran amphibians of Amazonia using next‐generation sequencing to delimit Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) and their distribution. We analysed this database to infer bioregions using Latent Dirichlet Allocation modelling. We then compared endemism within these bioregions based on our results and the current IUCN database, and inferred environmental variables that contributed the most to the biogeographic pattern.ResultsThe recognized anuran species richness within the focal area increased from 440 species currently listed by the IUCN Red List to as much as 876 OTUs with our dataset. We recovered eight bioregions, among which three lie within the Eastern Guiana Shield. We estimated that up to 82% of the OTUs found in this area are endemic, a figure three times higher than the previous estimate (28%). Environmental features related to seasonal precipitations are identified as playing an important role in shaping Amazonian amphibian bioregions.Main conclusionsOur results have major implications for defining future conservation priorities of this vast area given that endemism in most Amazonian bioregions is vastly underestimated, and might therefore hide a large portion of threatened species. Moreover, these findings raise concern about meta‐analyses based on public databases within Amazonia dealing with poorly known groups.
Does oxidative stress correlate with disease activity and severity in vitiligo? An analytical study
Authors: Mathachan Sinu Rose , Khurana Ananta , Gautam Ram Kishan , Kulhari Anita , Sharma Lokesh , Sardana Kabir 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundOxidative damage to melanocytes, resulting from an imbalance between the damaging oxidative pathways and the protective anti‐oxidants likely plays a pathogenic role in vitiligo.AimTo evaluate three parameters related to the oxidative stress (OS) pathway namely malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative damage, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (rGSH) (both antioxidants) in patients with active and stable vitiligo with either localized or generalized disease.Patients/MethodsSixty clinically diagnosed vitiligo patients were categorized into generalized (n = 30) or localized vitiligo (n = 30) and were further sub‐grouped according to their disease activity into active and stable groups. Thirty healthy volunteers were included in the control group. ELISA was used for the evaluation of MDA, SOD, and r GSH.ResultsThe patient group demonstrated significantly raised levels of MDA and significantly decreased levels of SOD and rGSH compared with the control group. Further, the OS parameters were significantly more deranged in patients with generalized disease (all three—MDA, rGSH, and SOD) and an active disease (MDA) as compared to those with localized and stable disease, respectively.ConclusionOur findings suggest an important role of OS in relation to vitiligo activity and severity. Although the OS parameters were deranged in all subsets of patients, with respect to controls, the derangement of oxidative damage marker (MDA) in generalized and active disease groups was most marked. Disease remains active when the oxidative damage becomes higher but is unmatched with the anti‐oxidant reserve which does not proportionately increase.
Short‐term outcomes of robot‐assisted versus conventional laparoscopic surgery for early‐stage endometrial cancer: A retrospective, single‐center study
Authors: Aiko Kiyoshi , Kanno Kiyoshi , Yanai Shiori , Masuda Sayaka , Yasui Michiru , Ichikawa Fuyuki , Teishikata Yasuhiro , Shirane Terumi , Yoshino Yasunori , Sakate Shintaro , Sawada Mari , Shirane Akira , Ota Yoshiaki , Andou Masaaki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimWe compared the short‐term outcomes between conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS) and robot‐assisted surgery (RAS) to assess the technical feasibility of the latter for early‐stage endometrial cancer.MethodsWe retrospectively compared the perioperative outcomes between two groups of 223 patients (CLS group, n = 102; RAS group, n = 121) with early‐stage endometrial cancer. Surgical procedures included hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. We analyzed the data from intrapelvic surgery alone because para‐aortic lymphadenectomy was performed via conventional endoscopic extraperitoneal approach without robot for both groups.ResultsNo differences were identified in patients' age and body mass index. The mean operative time was 133 ± 28 versus 178 ± 41 min (P < 0.01), mean blood loss was 196 ± 153 versus 237 ± 146 mL (P = 0.047), mean length of postoperative hospital stay was 9 ± 4 versus 8 ± 3 days (P = 0.01) and mean rate of perioperative complications of Clavien‐Dindo grade III or higher was 2.0 versus 3.4% (P = 0.53) for the CLS versus RAS groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in the number of resected lymph nodes.ConclusionThe operative time was significantly longer and blood loss was significantly greater in the RAS group than in the CLS group, without a significant difference in the number of resected lymph nodes. These differences are within an acceptable clinical range, showing that RAS is feasible and safe for early‐stage endometrial cancer, providing short‐term outcomes comparable to those of conventional surgery. Future studies are warranted to compare the long‐term oncological outcomes by extending the observation period and including para‐aortic lymphadenectomy data.
Serum metabolomics reveals the intervention mechanism and compatible regularity of Chaihu Shu Gan San on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression rat model
Authors: Zhang Hongye , Huang Huimin , Song Hui , Chin Bonnie , Zheng Hua , Ruan Junxiang , Wu Fang , Cheng Bang , Wu Jinxia , Liu Xuwen , Liang Yonghong , Song Fangming , Chen Zhaoni , Tang Chaoling , Lu Shiyin , Guo Hongwei , Zou Zhongmei , Su Zhiheng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To provide a comprehensive study of the intervention mechanism and compatible regularity of Chaihu Shu Gan San (CSGS) in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression model.

Methods
Ethological study and ELISA assay were applied to measure the phenotypes of depression after CUMS stimulate and assess the antidepressant activity of fluoxetine, CSGS and its compatibilities. The serum metabolic profile changes were revealed by untargeted Q/TOF MS-based metabolomics followed by multivariate statistical analysis.

Key findings
CSGS exhibits an significant intervention effect on CUMS-induced depression. After the multivariate statistical analysis, 17 potential serum biomarkers were identified and 16 of them could be regulated by CSGS. The intervention of CSGS on CUMS-induced depression involved five key pathways. Moreover, each functional unit (monarch, minister, assistant and guide medicine) in CSGS regulates different metabolites and metabolic pathways to achieve different effects on antidepressant; however, their intervention efficacies are inferior to the holistic formula, which may be due to the synergism of bioactive ingredients in the seven herbs of CSGS.

Conclusions
CSGS produced an obvious antidepressant activity. The comprehensive and holistic metabolomics approach could be a powerful tool to study the intervention mechanism and the compatibility rule of traditional Chinese medicine.
14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone inhibits HepG2 cell proliferation and migration through p38MAPK pathway
Authors: Pei Xiao-Dong , He Song-Qing , Shen Li-Qun , Wei Jing-Chen , Li Xue-Sheng , Wei Yan-Yan , Zhang Yu-Meng , Wang Xin-Yu , Lin Feng , He Zhi-Long , Jiang Li-He 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Simaroubaceae) is commonly distributed in the Southeast Asia and Indo China, which has been shown to possess antianxiety, antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial and antioxidant biological activities. 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone is a diterpene isolated from E. longifolia Jack, which is cytotoxic against human lung cancer and human breast cancer cell lines. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone on hepatocellular carcinoma remain unknown.

Methods
Cell viability assay and colony formation assay were used to measure HepG2 cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to analyse cell cycle and apoptosis. Wound-healing assay and transwell assay were used to observe cells migration. RNA sequencing and the enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were used to find and determine underlying pathways.

Key findings
We found that 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone inhibited the growth and migration of HepG2 cells but did not induce cell apoptosis. 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone induced S cell cycle arrest by downregulating the expression levels of cyclin A, p-CDK2, cyclin B1, p21, E2F-1 and PCNA. In addition, RNA sequencing showed that 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone regulated MAPK pathway by increasing the expression levels of phosphor-p38. Downregulating of p38 via both p38 inhibitor (SB203580) and p38-siRNA could antagonize the inhibition of cell proliferation and migration and reverse the changes in p-p38, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and PCNA expression induced by 14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone treatment.

Conclusions
14,15β-dihydroxyklaineanone inhibited cell proliferation and migration through regulating p38 MAPK pathway in HCC cells.
A deep dive into the ancestral chromosome number and genome size of flowering plants
Authors: Carta Angelino , Bedini Gianni , Peruzzi Lorenzo 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Chromosome number and genome variation in flowering plants have stimulated growing speculation about the ancestral chromosome number of angiosperms, but estimates so far remain equivocal.

We used a probabilistic approach to model haploid chromosome number (n) changes along a phylogeny embracing more than 10 000 taxa, to reconstruct the ancestral chromosome number of the common ancestor of extant angiosperms and the most recent common ancestor for single angiosperm families. Independently, we carried out an analysis of 1C genome size evolution, including over 5000 taxa.

Our analyses revealed an ancestral haploid chromosome number for angiosperms of n = 7, a diploid status, and an ancestral 1C of 1.73 pg. For 160 families, inferred ancestral n are provided for the first time.

Both descending dysploidy and polyploidy played crucial roles in chromosome number evolution. While descending dysploidy is equally distributed early and late across the phylogeny, polyploidy is detected mainly towards the tips. Similarly, 1C genome size also increases (or decreases) significantly in late‐branching lineages. Therefore, no evidence exists of a clear link between ancestral chromosome numbers and ancient polyploidization events, suggesting that further insights are needed to elucidate the organization of genome packaging into chromosomes.
Ultrasound‐guided serratus anterior plane block combined with parasternal block in subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation: Results of a pilot study
Authors: Uran Carlo , Giojelli Angela , Borgogna Donato Antonio , Morello Gerardo , Marullo Flavio , Iodice Pietro , Greco Angelo , Accogli Michele , Guido Alessandro , Palmisano Pietro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe standard approach to subcutaneous defibrillator (S‐ICD) implantation often requires general anesthesia or anesthesiologist‐delivered deep sedation. Ultrasound‐guided serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) combined with parasternal block (PSB) has been proposed in order to provide anesthesia/analgesia and to reduce the need for sedation during S‐ICD implantation. In this pilot study, we compared the double‐block approach (SAPB + PSB) with the single‐block approach (SAPB only) and with the standard approach involving local anesthesia and sedation.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 22 patients undergoing S‐ICD implantation: in 10, the single‐block approach was adopted; in 12, the double‐block approach. As a control group, we retrospectively enrolled 14 consecutive patients who had undergone S‐ICD implantation under standard local anesthesia and sedation in the previous 6 months. Intra‐ and postprocedural data, including patient‐reported pain intensity, were collected and compared in the three study groups.ResultsThe double‐block approach was associated with a shorter procedure duration than the single‐block and standard approaches (63.3 ± 7.9 vs 70.1 ± 6.8 vs 76.9 ± 7.8 min; P < .05) and with a lower dose of local an aesthetic for infiltration (18.9 ± 1.7 vs 27.5 ± 4.6 vs 44.6 ± 4.0 cc; P < .001). Both the double‐ and single‐block approaches were associated with lower pain intensity at the device pocket and the lateral tunneling site (P < .05). The double‐block approach proved superior to the other two approaches in controlling intraoperative pain at the parasternal tunneling site (P < .05).ConclusionsIn our study, SAPB combined with PSB was superior to SAPB alone and to the standard approach in controlling intraoperative pain during S‐ICD implantation. In addition, this approach resulted in shorter procedure durations.
A comparison of network model creation algorithms based on the quality of wayfinding results
Authors: Park Jinwoo , Goldberg Daniel W. , Hammond Tracy 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVarious network model creation algorithms have been introduced to demonstrate a better approximation of the actual walking pattern and to provide a better wayfinding guide. However, it is under‐investigated which algorithm creates the most appropriate indoor navigation network model in the context of wayfinding applications. Due to the lack of discussion, some studies unconsciously extended an algorithm designed for creating an outdoor navigation network model to indoor space applications. This is problematic because indoor space has different spatial contexts from outdoor space, such as non‐linear space and no‐designated walking space. Our solution is to select five well‐known algorithms that have been introduced, to reproduce the algorithm for the automated construction of the indoor navigation network model, and to evaluate the applicability of algorithms for indoor wayfinding applications. This article compares the quality of wayfinding results from the output of the indoor navigation network model against two criteria: route efficiency (i.e., length) and route simplicity (i.e., number of directions). Our statistical analysis illustrates that the visibility graph algorithm is the most appropriate for indoor wayfinding applications.
Identification of potential canine mammary tumour cell biomarkers using proteomic approach: Differences in protein profiles among tumour and normal mammary epithelial cells by two‐dimensional electrophoresis‐based mass spectrometry
Authors: Fhaikrue Itsarapan , Srisawat Wanwisa , Nambooppha Boondarika , Pringproa Kidsadagon , Thongtharb Atigan , Prachasilchai Worapat , Sthitmatee Nattawooti 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCanine mammary tumours (CMTs) are regarded as invasive with a high rate of recurrent and metastasis in intact female dogs. Tumour diagnosis, therefore, is an important step in predicting and monitoring tumour progression. This study was designed to identify protein expression on CMTs by employing a proteomic approach. The primary cell culture from benign mixed tumour, simple carcinoma, complex carcinoma and normal mammary gland were established, and two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) was subsequently performed. The different spots on each sample type were collected for identification using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). The results indicated that cytokeratin 5 (CK5) and transketolase (TKT) were identified in benign mixed tumour cells and complex carcinoma cells. In contrast, cytokeratin 18 (CK18) and pyruvate kinase PKM were identified in simple carcinoma cells. Moreover, alpha‐2‐HS‐glycoprotein tumour antigen was identified specifically in complex carcinoma cells. In addition, ATP‐dependent 6‐phosphofructokinase platelet type and elongation factor 2 proteins were observed in benign cells. In conclusion, all expressed proteins in this study have been recognized for acting as their expression that differs from healthy mammary epithelial cells. Expectantly, this study identified the expressed proteins that might be useful in further diagnostic biomarker studies on CMTs.
Translanguaging and ‘Culigion’ features of Saudi English
Authors: Elyas Tariq , Alzahrani Muhannad , Widodo Handoyo Puji 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn Saudi Arabia and other Middle Eastern contexts, English has played an increasingly important role in such different areas as business, politics, popular culture, tourism, economics, education, and religion. Mahboob and Elyas (2014) argue that the social status of English is ideologically replete with economic, social, political, and religious overtones intertwined within the fabric of Saudi society. This has encouraged Mahboob and Elyas (2014) to propose an emerging Expanding Circle variety called ‘Saudi English’. The present study sheds some light on four main issues: (1) English post 9/11 in Saudi Arabia; (2) English in the light of Saudi Vision 2030; (3) the impact of religion, culture, and language on Saudi English; and (4) translanguaging features of Saudi English in contemporary Saudi Arabia. It also examines our findings against the Saudi English's literature in an effort to link this phenomenon of English as a lingua franca and find Englishes that are exclusively related to the Saudi context.
Splenic responses to a series of repeated maximal static and dynamic apnoeas with whole‐body immersion in water
Authors: Elia Antonis , Barlow Matthew. J. , Wilson Oliver J. , O'Hara John P. 
Published: May 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Splenic contractions occur in response to apnoea‐induced hypoxia with and without face immersion in water. However, the splenic responses to a series of static or dynamic apnoeas with whole‐body water immersion in non‐divers and elite breath‐hold divers are unknown.
What is the main finding and its importance?
Static and dynamic apnoeas were equally effective in stimulating splenic contractions across non‐divers and elite breath‐hold divers. These findings demonstrate that the magnitude of the splenic response is largely dictated by the degree of the hypoxemic stress encountered during voluntary apnoeic epochs.

AbstractSplenic contractions occur in response to apnoea‐induced hypoxia with and without facial water immersion. However, the splenic responses to a series of static (STA) or dynamic (DYN) apnoeas with whole‐body water immersion in non‐divers (NDs) and elite breath‐hold divers (EBHDs) are unknown. EBHD (n = 8), ND (n = 10) and control participants (n = 8) were recruited. EBHD and ND performed a series of five maximal DYN or STA on separate occasions. Control performed a static eupnoeic (STE) protocol to control against any effects of water immersion and diurnal variation on splenic volume and haematology. Heart rate (HR) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) were monitored for 30 s after each apnoea. Pre‐ and post‐apnoeic splenic volumes were quantified ultrasonically, and blood samples were drawn for haematology. For EBHD and ND end‐apnoeic HR was higher (P < 0.001) and SpO2 was lower in DYN (P = 0.024) versus STA. EBHD attained lower end‐apnoeic SpO2 during DYN and STA than NDs (P < 0.001). Splenic contractions occurred following DYN (EBHD, −47 ± 6%; ND, −37 ± 4%; P < 0.001) and STA (EBHD, −26 ± 4%; ND, −26 ± 8%; P < 0.01). DYN‐associated splenic contractions were greater than STA in EBHD only (P = 0.042). Haemoglobin concentrations were higher following DYN only (EBHD, +5 ± 8g/L , +4 ± 2%; ND, +8 ± 3 g/L , +4.9 ± 3%; P = 0.019). Haematocrit remained unchanged after each protocol. There were no between group differences in post‐apnoeic splenic volume or haematology. In both groups, splenic contractions occurred in response to STA and DYN when combined with whole‐body immersion. DYN apnoeas, were effective at increasing haemoglobin concentrations but not STA apnoeas. Thus, the magnitude of the splenic response relates to the hypoxemic stress encountered during apnoeic epochs.