bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Three Instruments for Activity Disability in Acute Ischemic Stroke Survivors
Authors: Wu Qian , Tang Aijie , Niu Shuzhen , Jin Aiping , Liu Xiaoqing , Zeng Li , Jiang Jinxia , Kue Jennifer , Shi Yan , Zhu Xiaoping 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT:Background:Disabilities in physical activity and functional independence affect the early rehabilitation of stroke survivors. Moreover, a good instrument for assessing activity disability allows accurate assessment of physical disability and assists in prognosis determination.Objective:To compare three assessment tools for physical activity in acute-phase stroke survivors.Methods:We conducted this prospective observational study at an affiliated hospital of a Medical University in Shanghai, China, from June 2018 to November 2019. We administered three instruments to all patients during post-stroke days 5–7, including the Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), and modified Rankin scale (mRs). We analyzed correlations among the aforementioned scales and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) using Spearman’s rank-order correlations test. Univariate analyses were performed using the Mann–Whitney U test. We used a binary logistic regression model to assess the association between the NIHSS (30 days) and patient-related variables. Finally, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to assess the predictive value of the multivariate regression models.Results:There was a high correlation among the three instruments; furthermore, the MBI had a higher correlation with the NIHSS (days 5–7). The NIHSS (day 30) was correlated with thrombolysis. ROC analysis revealed that the mRs-measured disability level had the highest predictive value of short-term stroke severity (30 days).Conclusion:The MBI was the best scale for measuring disability in physical activity, whereas the mRs showed better accuracy in short-term prediction of stroke severity.
Who trusts in the smart city? Transparency, governance, and the Internet of Things
Authors: Jacobs Naomi , Edwards Peter , Markovic Milan , Cottrill Caitlin D , Salt Karen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) devices such as connected sensors are increasingly being used in the public sector, often deployed and collecting data in public spaces. A theme commonly seen in the rhetoric surrounding public space IoT initiatives is empowerment, and these deployments are broadly perceived as beneficial by policy makers. However, such technology presents new governance challenges. It is important to ask who is empowered and who benefits, and we must ensure that such technological interventions follow democratic principles and are trusted by citizens. In this paper, we investigate how risk, transparency, and data governance require careful consideration in this domain, describing work which investigates how these combine to form components of trusted IoT ecosystems. This includes an overview of the landscape of public space IoT deployments, consideration of how they may often be subsumed in idealized smart city focused rhetoric, and discussion of how methodologies such as design fiction in community settings can uncover potential risks and concerns. Our findings suggest that agency, value and intent associated with IoT systems are key components that must be made transparent, particularly when multiple actors and stakeholders are involved. We suggest that good governance requires consideration of these systems in their entirety, throughout the full planning, implementation, and evaluation process, and in consultation with multiple stakeholders who are impacted, including the public. To achieve this effectively, we argue for transparency at the device and system level, which may require legislative change.
Protocols for Personal Protective Equipment in a COVID-19 Medical Shelter
Authors: Hockaday Sarah , Krause Kate , Sobieski Catherine , Li Jeffrey N. , Hurst Rachel , Ryan Benjamin , Leader Michael , Smith Dustin , Fowler Ray , Tran Andrew , McMullan Stephen , Hogan Andrew , Volk Paula , Miller Ronna , Ward B. , Flax Lindsay , Swienton Ray 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has greatly impacted health-care systems worldwide, leading to an unprecedented rise in demand for health-care resources. In anticipation of an acute strain on established medical facilities in Dallas, Texas, federal officials worked in conjunction with local medical personnel to convert a convention center into a Federal Medical Station capable of caring for patients affected by COVID-19. A 200,000 square foot event space was designated as a direct patient care area, with surrounding spaces repurposed to house ancillary services. Given the highly transmissible nature of the novel coronavirus, the donning and doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE) was of particular importance for personnel staffing the facility. Furthermore, nationwide shortages in the availability of PPE necessitated the reuse of certain protective materials. This article seeks to delineate the procedures implemented regarding PPE in the setting of a COVID-19 disaster response shelter, including workspace flow, donning and doffing procedures, PPE conservation, and exposure event protocols.
Toward a Decolonial Feminist Anticapitalism: María Lugones, Sylvia Wynter, and Sayak Valencia
Authors: Bohrer Ashley J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article traces the centrality of capitalism in the work of three decolonial feminists: María Lugones, Sylvia Wynter, and Sayek Valencia. Elaborating on the role of capitalism in each of their work separately, I argue that each of these thinkers conceptualizes capitalism in a novel and urgent way, charting new directions for both theory and social movement practice. I thus argue that the decolonial feminist tradition holds crucial philosophical and historical resources for understanding the emergence of capitalism and its endurance.
Plant silicon as a factor in medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae) invasion
Authors: Spackman Casey N. , Monaco Thomas A. , Stonecipher Clinton A. , Villalba Juan J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMedusahead [Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski] is one of the most detrimental invasive annual grasses impacting the sustainability and function of rangeland in the western United States. This annual grass possesses high concentrations of tissue silicon (Si) that may facilitate invasion through key plant characteristics such as increased plant fitness, structure, and antinutritive qualities. These characteristics may affect known invasive processes such as increased plant productivity, slow litter decomposition, and decreased herbivory, facilitating a positive feedback cycle of invasion. However, Si is not considered an essential element and is often overlooked as a factor of T. caput-medusae invasion. Thus, this article provides a synthesis of plant Si, T. caput-medusae, and the self-reinforcing feedback cycle of invasion. We also discuss how current control strategies address plant characteristics determined by Si and suggest research avenues that may aid in novel or improved control strategies that target the T. caput-medusae–silica relationship.
DHA supplementation in infants born preterm and the effect on attention at 18 months’ corrected age: follow-up of a subset of the N3RO randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hewawasam Erandi , Collins Carmel T. , Muhlhausler Beverly S. , Yelland Lisa N. , Smithers Lisa G. , Colombo John , Makrides Maria , McPhee Andrew J. , Gould Jacqueline F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInfants born preterm miss out on the peak period of in utero DHA accretion to the brain during the last trimester of pregnancy which is hypothesised to contribute to the increased prevalence of neurodevelopmental deficits in this population. This study aimed to determine whether DHA supplementation in infants born preterm improves attention at 18 months’ corrected age. This is a follow-up of a subset of infants who participated in the N3RO randomised controlled trial. Infants were randomised to receive an enteral emulsion of high-dose DHA (60 mg/kg per d) or no DHA (soya oil – control) from within the first days of birth until 36 weeks’ post-menstrual age. The assessment of attention involved three tasks requiring the child to maintain attention on toy/s in either the presence or absence of competition or a distractor. The primary outcome was the child’s latency of distractibility when attention was focused on a toy. The primary outcome was available for seventy-three of the 120 infants that were eligible to participate. There was no evidence of a difference between groups in the latency of distractibility (adjusted mean difference: 0·08 s, 95 % CI –0·81, 0·97; P = 0·86). Enteral DHA supplementation did not result in improved attention in infants born preterm at 18 months’ corrected age.
Carbon isotope (δ13Ccarb) stratigraphy of the Early–Middle Ordovician (Tremadocian–Darriwilian) carbonate platform in the Tarim Basin, NW China: implications for global correlations
Authors: Yang Xiaoqun , Li Zhong , Fan Tailiang , Gao Zhiqian , Tang Shuai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGuided by conodont biostratigraphy and unconformities observed in the field, stable carbon isotopic analysis (δ13Ccarb) was performed on 210 samples from Lower–Middle Ordovician (Tremadocian to Darriwilian) sections and wells in the Tarim Basin, NW China. The δ13C trend in the Tarim Basin sections has three distinct characteristics: (1) from the Tremadocian to the Floian, a positive shift from −1.9 ‰ to −0.2 ‰ is observed near the boundary between the Penglaiba Formation and the Yingshan Formation; (2) from the Floian to the Dapingian, a positive shift in δ13C from −3 ‰ to −0.7 ‰ occurred under large-scale sea-level rise and a change in the sedimentary environment from a restricted platform to an open platform. Changes in the conodont type are also observed in the Tabei region; and (3) from the Dapingian to the Darriwilian, δ13C first decreased and then increased, showing a negative shift at the Dapingian–Darriwilian boundary. During the Floian, δ13C decreased in the study area, while it first decreased and then increased in other regions, which may reflect local sea-level movements in response to isostatic crustal movements. Two types of positive shift were identified at the Floian–Dapingian boundary, which likely show the effects of local factors, including a disconformity, dolomitization, and platform restriction, superimposed on the global signal of the carbon isotope. Some conodont zonations and recurrent negative excursions in Tremadocian, Floian and Dapingian stages appear to be truncated by unconformities, which are accompanied by short-term subaerial exposure due to sea-level fall and local tectonic uplift.
Hatching and survival of the salmon ‘gill maggot’ Salmincola californiensis (Copepoda: Lernaeopodidae) reveals thermal dependence and undocumented naupliar stage
Authors: Murphy Christina A. , Gerth William , Arismendi Ivan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSalmincola californiensis is a Lernaeopodid copepod parasitizing Pacific salmon and trout of the genus Oncorhynchus. Salmincola californiensis is of increasing concern in both native and introduced ranges because of its potential fish health impacts and high infection prevalence and intensity in some systems. Discrepancies in the documented life history phenology of S. californiensis with the sister species Salmincola edwardsii, as well as our laboratory observations, led us to question the existing literature. We documented a naupliar stage, thought lost for S. californiensis. In addition, we found a high degree of thermal sensitivity in egg development, with eggs developing faster under warmer conditions. Survival of copepodids was also highly dependent on temperature, with warmer conditions reducing lifespan. The longest lived copepodid survived 18 days at 4°C in stark contrast to the generally accepted <48 h survival for that life stage. We also note a consistent relationship between egg sac size and the number of eggs contained. However, egg sac sizes were highly variable. Our findings demonstrate that revisiting old assumptions for S. californiensis and related taxa will be a necessary step to improving our knowledge of the parasite life history and development that will be critical to disease management.
Experimental comparison of Baylisascaris procyonis definitive host competence between domestic dogs and raccoons (Procyon lotor)
Authors: Sapp Sarah G. H. , Elsemore David A. , Hanna Rita , Yabsley Michael J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDomestic dogs can function as either paratenic or definitive hosts for the zoonotic raccoon roundworm Baylisascaris procyonis. However, factors leading to development of patent infections in dogs are under-studied. Here we compared infection dynamics of B. procyonis in dogs vs the natural raccoon host. Dogs and raccoons were inoculated 5000 or 500 B. procyonis eggs (n = 3 per dose) or were fed B. procyonis-infected laboratory mice (n = 3 per dose; mice inoculated with 1000 or 250 eggs). Fecal samples were analysed via flotation and a commercial coproantigen ELISA designed for detection of Toxocara spp. Two of 12 dogs (both received low dose larvae) developed patent infections; all 12 raccoons became infected with 10 developing patent infections. Compared with dogs, prepatent periods were shorter in raccoons and maximum egg outputs were much greater. Baylisascaris procyonis coproantigens were detectable via ELISA in all raccoons and the patently infected dogs. Finally, dogs spontaneously lost infections while all patently infected raccoons shed eggs until conclusion of the study. Our results demonstrate that dogs are clearly suboptimal hosts showing limited parasite establishment and fecundity vs raccoons. Despite the low competence, patently infected dogs still pose a risk for human exposure, emphasizing the importance of control measures.
Ectoparasites of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) with a particular focus on ticks in subcutaneous tissues
Authors: Dwużnik Dorota , Mierzejewska Ewa Julia , Kowalec Maciej , Alsarraf Mohammed , Stańczak Łukasz , Opalińska Patrycja , Krokowska-Paluszak Małgorzata , Górecki Grzegorz , Bajer Anna 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the present study, we identified the ectoparasite communities of red foxes in three regions of Poland that encompassed two endemic regions for the occurrence ofDermacentor reticulatus, as well as a region that is free of this tick species (‘gap’ area). Our study sites were selected to enable the role of foxes as hosts for juvenile (nest dwelling) and adult (exophilic)D. reticulatusticks to be determined, and to assess their contribution to the spread of this important vector ofBabesia canis. We compared also ectoparasite communities between adult foxes with those of fox cubs. Finally, we carried out a systematic search for subcutaneous ticks determining their prevalence and abundance. In 2016–2018, 366 adult foxes and 25 live-trapped cubs were examined for ectoparasites. Ectoparasites were identified based on morphological features, PCR amplification and sequencing. The total prevalence of ectoparasites was higher in cubs (68%) than in adults (62.8%). In adults, 15 parasite species were recorded, including four tick species, seven flea species, scabies, and one Anopluran species each in the generaFelicolaandLipoptena.In cubs, six ectoparasite species were found, includingIxodes kaiseri, a species not found in adults. AlthoughIxodes ricinusandD. reticulatuswere the dominant tick species on adult foxes, noD. reticulatusticks were found on cubs. Subcutaneous ticks were common (38%) and abundant in all areas. Molecular analysis of subcutaneous nodules allowed the identification of 17I. ricinusand fiveD. reticulatus. In conclusion, red foxes play a minor role as hosts ofD. reticulatus.
Serious mental illness and incidents between adult children and parents responded to by police
Authors: Labrum Travis , Solomon Phyllis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDespite a sizable minority of persons with serious mental illness (SMI) acting aggressively toward family members, little is known about this topic. The objectives of the present analyses are to examine the association of offenders' SMI status with offender behaviors and victim outcomes and to compare the immediate contextual characteristics of incidents involving offenders with and without SMI.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional design, all incidents of domestic violence to which police were called between adult children and their parents in Philadelphia, PA, in 2013 (N= 6191) were analyzed. Additionally, incidents in which the offender was indicated to have SMI (n= 327) were matched with a sample of incidents in which the offender was not indicated to have SMI (n= 327).ResultsOffenders having SMI was not associated with using a bodily weapon or gun, threatening victims, or damaging property. Offenders having SMI was associated with a decreased risk of offenders using a non-gun external weapon and victims being observed to have a complaint of pain or visible injuries. When offenders had SMI, conflict was less likely to focus on family issues and more likely to focus on offenders' behaviors and to involve contextual characteristics related to mental illness.ConclusionsEfforts to prevent gun and other violence between non-intimate partner family members should target factors more strongly associated with violence than SMI (e.g. history of domestic violence, substance abuse). Intervening in family aggression by persons with SMI likely requires addressing unique circumstances these parties experience.
Longitudinal associations between inhibitory control and externalizing and internalizing symptoms in school-aged children
Authors: Maasalo Katri , Lindblom Jallu , Kiviruusu Olli , Santalahti Päivi , Aronen Eeva T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInhibitory control (IC) deficits have been associated with psychiatric symptoms in all ages. However, longitudinal studies testing the direction of the associations in childhood are scarce. We used a sample of 2,874 children (7 to 9 years old) to test the following three hypotheses: (a) IC deficits are an underlying risk factor with a potentially causal role for psychopathology, (b) IC deficits are a complication of psychopathology, and (c) IC deficits and psychopathology are associated at the trait level but not necessarily causally related. We used the go/no-go task to assess IC, the parent-rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to evaluate externalizing/internalizing symptoms, and the random intercepts cross-lagged panel model to test the hypotheses. The results showed no support for the underlying risk factor hypothesis, suggesting that IC unlikely has a causal role in this age group's psychopathology. The complication hypothesis received support for externalizing symptoms, suggesting that externalizing symptoms may hamper the normal development of IC. IC deficits and both externalizing and internalizing symptoms were correlated at the trait level, indicating a possible common origin. We suggest that it may be useful to support children with externalizing symptoms to promote and protect their IC development.
OCD and COVID-19: a new frontier
Authors: Jassi Amita , Shahriyarmolki Khodayar , Taylor Tracey , Peile Lauren , Challacombe Fiona , Clark Bruce , Veale David 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
People with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) are likely to be more susceptible to the mental health impact of COVID-19. This paper shares the perspectives of expert clinicians working with OCD considering how to identify OCD in the context of COVID-19, changes in the presentation, and importantly what to consider when undertaking cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for OCD in the current climate. The expert consensus is that although the presentation of OCD and treatment may have become more difficult, CBT should still continue remotely unless there are specific reasons for it not to, e.g. increase in risk, no access to computer, or exposure tasks or behavioural experiments cannot be undertaken. The authors highlight some of the considerations to take in CBT in light of our current understanding of COVID-19, including therapists and clients taking calculated risks when developing behavioural experiments and exposure tasks, considering viral loading and vulnerability factors. Special considerations for young people and perinatal women are discussed, as well as foreseeing what life may be like for those with OCD after the pandemic is over.

Key learning aims

(1)
To learn how to identify OCD in the context of COVID-19 and consider the differences between following government guidelines and OCD.

(2)
To consider the presentation of OCD in context of COVID-19, with regard to cognitive and behavioural processes.

(3)
Review factors to be considered when embarking on CBT for OCD during the pandemic.

(4)
Considerations in CBT for OCD, including weighing up costs and benefits of behavioural experiments or exposure tasks in light of our current understanding of the risks associated with COVID-19.
Backfiring Frames: Abortion Politics, Religion, and Attitude Resistance
Authors: Liebertz Scott , Bunch Jaclyn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFollowing recent insight into how citizens respond to attempts to correct political and salient misperceptions (Nyhan and Riefler, 2010, Political Behavior 32 (2): 303–330), we also expect that certain characteristics will predispose citizens to react strongly to messaging on highly contentious issues. Specifically, we expect that respondents will express an opinion that is even stronger in line with their predispositions when exposed to frames that challenge their position. Using an experiment on abortion opinion embedded in the 2010 Cooperative Congressional Election Study (CCES), we find little indication that Pro-Abortion Access and Anti-Abortion Access frames move opinion on abortion in the aggregate, but there is evidence that specific characteristics correlate with a “backfire” effect identified by Nyhan and Riefler (2010, Political Behavior 32 (2): 303–330). In particular, gender, religiosity, and “Born-Again” Christian affiliation are all predictive of responding to either the Anti-Abortion Access or Pro-Abortion Access frame by moving the opposite direction as intended on the feeling thermometer.