bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional Profiles and Stromal Changes Reveal Bone Marrow Adaptation to Early Breast Cancer in Association with Deregulated Circulating microRNAs
Authors: Chiodoni Claudia , Cancila Valeria , Renzi Tiziana A. , Perrone Milena , Tomirotti Andrea M. , Sangaletti Sabina , Botti Laura , Dugo Matteo , Milani Matteo , Bongiovanni Lucia , Marrale Maurizio , Tripodo Claudio , Colombo Mario P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

The presence of a growing tumor establishes a chronic state of inflammation that acts locally and systemically. Bone marrow responds to stress signals by expanding myeloid cells endowed with immunosuppressive functions, further fostering tumor growth and dissemination. How early in transformation the cross-talk with the bone marrow begins and becomes detectable in blood is unknown. Here, gene expression profiling of the bone marrow along disease progression in a spontaneous model of mammary carcinogenesis demonstrates that transcriptional modifications in the hematopoietic compartment occurred as early as preinvasive disease stages. The transcriptional profile showed downregulation of adaptive immunity and induction of programs related to innate immunity and response to danger signals triggered by activating transcription factor 3. Transcriptional reprogramming was paralleled by the expansion of myeloid populations at the expense of erythroid and B lymphoid fractions. Hematopoietic changes were associated with modifications of the bone marrow stromal architecture through relocalization and increased density in the interstitial area of Nestin+ mesenchymal cells expressing CXCL12 and myeloid cells expressing CXCL12 receptor CXCR4. These early events were concomitant with deregulation of circulating miRNAs, which were predicted regulators of transcripts downregulated in the bone marrow and involved in lymphoid differentiation and activation. These data provide a link between sensing of peripheral cancer initiation by the bone marrow and hematopoietic adaptation to distant noxia through transcriptional rewiring toward innate/inflammatory response programs.

Significance:
The bone marrow senses distant tissue transformation at premalignant/preinvasive stages, suggesting that circulating messengers, intercepted in the blood, could serve as early diagnostic markers.
Gallstone Disease is an Independent Predictor for Poststroke Cognitive Impairment in Young Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Weng Xiongpeng , Fu Fangwang , Ling Yi , Sun Jing , Chen Weilai 
Published: November 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Poststroke cognitive impairment (PCI) is an important public health issue. Previous studies proved that gallstone disease (GD) was a predictor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. However, association between PCI and GD remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the predictive value of GD on cognitive impairment after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We recruited 373 AIS patients, and the information on patient demographics and risk factors was collected. Cognitive function would be assessed 3-month after AIS. They would undergo gallbladder ultrasonographic examination and structured assessment during hospitalization. Patients were divided into young group (age &#x3c;65 years) and elder group (age ≥65 years). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the predictors of PCI. <b><i>Results:</i></b> PCI was identified in 176 (47.18%) AIS patients. Independent predictors of PCI were GD (<i>p</i> = 0.014), the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and age. While carotid plaque (<i>p</i> = 0.058) seemed like a potential risk factor for PCI. In young group, GD (<i>p</i> = 0.027) was associated to PCI, in elder group, carotid plaque (<i>p</i> = 0.006), and age (<i>p</i> = 0.033) were significantly correlated to PCI. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> GD was an age-dependent predictor for PCI, particularly in the young AIS patients. Therefore, AIS patients with GD, especially the young, should be systematically evaluated for cognitive function.
Blood Pressure Variability and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Ma Yuan , Song Alex , Viswanathan Anand , Blacker Deborah , Vernooij Meike W. , Hofman Albert , Papatheodorou Stefania 
Published: November 2019

Background and Purpose—
Blood pressure (BP) variability may increase the risk of stroke and dementia. It remains inconclusive whether BP variability is associated with cerebral small vessel disease, a common and potentially devastating subclinical disease that contributes significantly to both stroke and dementia.

Methods—
A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies that examined the association between BP variability and the presence or progression of established markers of cerebral small vessel disease, including white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, and microbleeds on magnetic resonance imaging. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Ten studies met the criteria for qualitative synthesis and 7 could be included in the meta-analysis. Data were synthetized using random-effect models.

Results—
These studies included a total of 2796 individuals aged 74 (mean) ±4 (SD) years, with a median follow-up of 4.0 years. A one SD increase in systolic BP variability was associated with increased odds of the presence or progression of white matter hyperintensities (odds ratio, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.06–1.50]). The association of systolic BP variability with the presence of lacunes (odds ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.74–1.16]) and the presence of microbleeds (odds ratio, 1.13 [95% CI, 0.89–1.44]) were not statistically significant.

Conclusions—
A larger BP variability may be associated with a higher risk of having a higher burden of white matter hyperintensities. Targeting large BP variability has the potential to prevent cerebral small vessel disease and thereby reducing the risk of stroke and dementia. The potential issue of reverse causation and the heterogeneity in the assessment of cerebral small vessel disease markers should be better addressed in future studies.
The Frightful Hobgoblin against Empire
Authors: Drapeau Thierry 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Karl Marx and the Chartist leader, writer and poet Ernest Jones developed a close intellectual and political partnership from the late 1840s through the late 1850s. Their friendship invites attention because it places Marx in the company of one of Chartism’s leading anti-colonial advocates, precisely at a time when he was simultaneously moving in that direction. This article explores the ways in which Marx and Jones converged in their estimation of the 1857 Indian uprising. It is argued that the shift in Marx’s thought, whereby the dialectics of colonialism and anti-colonialism are integrated within his materialist conception of history, was not independent of Jones’s influence.
Ancient DNA Analysis of the Thulamela Remains: Deciphering the Migratory Patterns of a Southern African Population
Authors: Bodiba Molebogeng , Steyn Maryna , Bloomer Paulette , Mosothwane Morongwa N. , Rühli Frank , Bouwman Abigail 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis was employed to obtain information on the population relationships of the two Thulamela individuals (AD 1400-1700) and six other skeletons from various archaeological sites of the southern African Iron Age – Tuli (Botswana), Nwanetsi, Makgope, Happy Rest and Stayt. Although sequences were short, it seems that the Thulamela female aligns somewhat more with eastern populations as opposed to the male who aligns more with western groups. This result is not surprising given that the two individuals were buried at the same site but their burials were hundreds of years apart. It was also possible to identify genetic links between the Iron Age individuals and modern southern African populations (e.g. some of the skeletons assessed showed maternal genetic similarities to present-day Sotho/Tswana groups) and to separate the samples into at least two genetic groups. Poor quality and quantity of DNA meant that only haplogroups, not subhaplogroups, of the individuals could be traced.
Recipe for Successful Meteorology Majors: Are Incoming Test Scores Indicative?
Authors: Clark Craig A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMany high school students with a passion for meteorology visit college campuses each year, inquiring about program details and learning of the rigorous math requirements and somewhat daunting attrition risk. The natural question for many is, “Can I do it?” To address this question, the study herein has investigated the sensitivity of meteorology major outcomes at Valparaiso University to incoming test scores (based on 2008–14 first-year cohorts). These former students are classified as meteorology alumni (MET Degree), graduates of other programs (Other VU Degree), and those who left the University (Left VU). There is an additional performance classification, which indicates students who completed the program in good standing (On Track), students that completed the program with greater difficulty (Below Track), those who left the program in good academic standing (Left On Track), and those who left the program after not doing well (Left Below Track). Results indicate that incoming test scores are indeed indicative of student outcomes, with a substantially greater likelihood of being On Track and graduating with the MET Degree among students with higher incoming ACT scores. Among students who Left Below Track, signs of academic challenges typically appear within first semester calculus and/or the introductory meteorology course. Higher admission standards would increase retention and graduation rates, but at a cost of barring admission for some students who have been successful in the program.
Doklam Plateau and Three Warfares Strategy
Authors: Bisht Nagender S. P. , Jain Rajeev , Gambhir Victor 
Published: November 2019

India-China border has not been formally demarcated and there are areas where both sides have differing perception of Line of Actual Control (LAC), and its perception on ground have led to a number of skirmishes and standoffs, Doklam being the most recent. The differentiating factor in this standoff was that it took place in a third country, Bhutan. This crisis will remain an important indicator of Indian and Chinese strategic behaviour in any future crisis between the two emerging powers. This will also reflect on India’s relations with other countries in South Asia and vice versa. A major aspect of Indian strategic behaviour that emerged from this crisis was that India can play the game of military brinkmanship and win it. During this crisis, the Chinese strategy of Three Warfares was in full flow and all three components—public opinion/media, legal and psychological warfare—were unleashed on India. This article is based on Indian and Chinese government briefings and press releases, media both print and electronic of the two countries, social media, journals, government reports, and books of the two countries.
The Effects of Oil Price Shock on the Indian Economy—A Study
Authors: Sreenu Nenavath 
Published: November 2019

The article examines the effects of crude oil price shocks on the Indian economy development and GDP growth for the period of 2010–2018. Currently, the Indian economy has been facing the identical issues of escalating trade disparity and continuing inflation. In this connection, the study focussed on the determination of the relationship between the speculation and crude oil price impact on the Indian economic development activity and GDP growth, and the paper investigated how oil price variations affect the Indian economy development through different networks like WPI, CP, IIP, GDP, monetary policy, trade and investment. The research paper adopted methods such as GARCH model and description to tool the volatility on both the oil and stock markets, and then an extension of the vector auto-regression (VAR) models is also applied to determine the oil price shocks’ effect on macroeconomic indicators. The outcomes of cointegration model propose that crude oil is pro-cyclical to output, and the article used VAR investigation to check the discrepancy in decomposition to capture the linear inter-dependencies among the variables. JEL Classification: G4, G11, G15
Against Interpretation as an Alternative to Invalidation
Authors: Stephenson Scott 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article evaluates the rise of interpretation as an alternative means of judicially enforcing legislative compliance with rights. Instead of the traditional method where courts are empowered to invalidate statutes that are found to be incompatible with rights, the alternative empowers courts to interpret statutes in a manner that renders them compatible with rights. It argues that interpretation emerged as an alternative to invalidation among both constitutional reformers and judges in Australia (and elsewhere) in the 1990s and 2000s because interpretation was seen as a way of addressing democratic concerns about rights-based judicial review and as a less confrontational method of resolving rights issues. The article puts forward an argument for invalidation over interpretation on the basis that interpretation’s comparative appeal is not particularly strong—there are alternative ways of addressing the democratic concerns, and the connection between invalidation and confrontation is weak—and that invalidation is a more transparent, and therefore accountable, exercise of public power than interpretation.
A persistent outbreak of varicella in a primary school in Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Zhong Jian-ming , Zhang Meng , Huang Zhen-yu , Qiu Gui-ping , Rao Feng , Lu Zhi-hui , Chen Tianmu , Zhang Qiao-li 
Published: November 2019

Objectives To describe the epidemiological features of a school varicella outbreak in Dongguan City, China, to identify the reasons underlying persistent spread, and to assess the effectiveness of the varicella vaccine. Methods We identified all cases during the outbreak. We described the outbreak epidemic course and examined the influence of the following variables on the outbreak: sleeping in the dormitory, eating in school, taking school transportation, hand-washing habits, morning examinations, and effectiveness of case isolation. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) of contracting varicella. Results A total of 92 varicella cases were reported, accounting for 5.53% (92/1663) of all students. Among cases, 64.13% (59/92) were vaccinated. The outbreak lasted for 93 days and occurred in six generations. Vaccination coverage was between 78.05% and 85.67%. The varicella vaccine was effective in 56.63% of recipients (95% CI: 35.49–70.84%). Vaccine effectiveness significantly decreased after 4–6 years. Conclusions The varicella vaccine was unable to prevent virus spread even with high vaccination coverage. Delayed and inefficient isolation of cases was the primary cause of the persistent outbreak.
Feasibility of mean platelet volume as a biomarker for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Yiming , Zong Dandan , Zhan Zijie , Li Herui , Dai Zhongshang , Cui Yanan , Luo Lijuan , Zeng Zihang , He Chenjie , Chen Yan 
Published: November 2019

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of mean platelet volume (MPV) as a biomarker for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods A systematic search for studies published up to March 2019 was performed in the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Three independent investigators screened the titles and abstracts of including studies according to eligibility criteria. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of eligible studies, and statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager version 5.3. Results A total of eight studies with 1230 COPD patients and 443 healthy controls were included in our meta-analysis. No significant differences in MPV level were identified in pairwise comparisons of the acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD), stable COPD, and control groups. Furthermore, no significant correlation was observed between MPV level and systemic inflammatory biomarkers. Conclusions MPV does not appear to represent a suitable biomarker of disease phase or inflammatory burden in COPD. However, future large-scale studies should be performed to further investigate the relationship between MPV and COPD.
Seizure duration may increase thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in children experiencing a seizure
Authors: Han Ji Yoon , Lee In Goo , Shin Soyoung , Park Joonhong 
Published: November 2019

Objective Variations in hormone levels are a direct effect of epileptic discharges in both animals and humans, and seizure can affect the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis. The purpose of this study was to determine which parameters could affect the alternation of thyroid hormones in children experiencing seizure. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 181 pediatric patients with seizure and compared three thyroid hormones (serum thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH], free thyroxine [fT4], and triiodothyronine [T3]) between initial (admission to hospital) and follow-up (2 weeks later) testing. Results Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine which six parameters (gender, age, seizure accompanying with fever, seizure type, seizure duration, and anti-epileptic drug medication) could help to explain the higher initial TSH levels in pediatric seizure. Only seizure duration in patients with an increase in TSH levels was significantly longer compared with patients with normal TSH at the time of initial testing. Conclusion Neuronal excitability by seizure can cause thyroid hormonal changes, which likely reflects changes in hypothalamic function.
Does telerehabilitation result in inferior clinical outcomes compared with in-person care for the management of chronic musculoskeletal spinal conditions in the tertiary hospital setting? A non-randomised pilot clinical trial
Authors: Cottrell Michelle A , O'Leary Shaun P , Raymer Maree , Hill Anne J , Comans Tracy , Russell Trevor G 
Published: November 2019

Introduction Clinical guidelines recommend multidisciplinary non-surgical management for most musculoskeletal spinal conditions. Access to such services continues to be a barrier for many individuals residing outside metropolitan regions. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether clinical outcomes achieved via telerehabilitation are as good as those achieved via in-person care. Methods A non-randomised pilot clinical trial was undertaken where eligible patients chose to access treatment either via telerehabilitation or in-person (control group). Outcome measures for pain-related disability, pain severity and health-related quality of life were recorded at baseline, 3-, 6- and 9-months. Secondary outcomes included patient satisfaction and technical disruptions. Results Seventy-one patients were recruited (telerehabilitation, n = 51; control group, n = 20). Patient characteristics did not differ at baseline and clinically meaningful improvements for pain-related disability and health-related quality of life were observed in both groups. Non-inferiority of telerehabilitation could not be claimed for any clinical outcome measure. There were no significant group-by-time interactions observed for either pain-related disability ( p = 0.706), pain severity ( p = 0.187) or health-related quality of life ( p = 0.425) measures. The telerehabilitation group reported significantly higher levels of treatment satisfaction (median: 97 vs. 76.5; p = 0.021); 7.9% of telerehabilitation appointments were not completed due to technical disruptions. Discussion Findings indicate patients with chronic musculoskeletal spinal conditions can achieve clinically meaningful improvements in their condition when accessing care via telerehabilitation. Telerehabilitation should be considered for individuals unable to access relevant in-person services; however non-inferiority remains inconclusive and requires further exploration.
State Coalitions, Informational Signals, and Success as Amicus Curiae at the U.S. Supreme Court
Authors: Canelo Kayla S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStates are uniquely situated as both individual governments in the federal system and entities that represent the interests of their citizens. So, what makes groups of states successful when they lobby the Supreme Court as amicus curiae filers? I argue that it is not just the number of states included in a coalition that matters, but ratherwhichstates are included. In this article, I offer a theory that implies certain types of coalitions will be more influential than others, as these coalitions can vary in how representative they are of public preferences. I use a dataset on state amicus curiae filings from 1960 to 2013 to test the implications of my theory. I find that the regional diversity of coalitions increases the odds of state amicus curiae filers obtaining their preferred outcome, but the ideological heterogeneity of the group of states does not. This latter result is interesting given that it is contrary to the theoretical expectations of the existing scholarship on state amicus filings.
CircHECTD1 mediates pulmonary fibroblast activation via HECTD1
Authors: Chu Han , Wang Wei , Luo Wei , Zhang Wei , Cheng Yusi , Huang Jie , Wang Jing , Dai Xiaoniu , Fang Shencun , Chao Jie 
Published: November 2019

Background: Circular RNA (circRNA), a new class of noncoding RNA, has been shown to be important in silicosis due to its unique role as a transcription regulator or as a sponge of small RNA regulators. Here, the mechanisms underlying circHECTD1/HECTD1 in fibroblast activation and subsequent fibrosis induced by SiO2 were investigated. Methods: Primary human pulmonary fibroblasts (HPF-a) were utilized, combined with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays. LC3B-LV-RFP lentivirus was used to evaluate the role of autophagy. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was applied to specifically knock down HECTD1, combined with MTT, BrdU, and migration assays, to explore the functional changes induced by SiO2. Results: After exposure to SiO2, the circHECTD1 level was decreased, which was associated with an increase in HECTD1 in HPF-a cells. SiO2-induced autophagy was reversed by either circHECTD1 overexpression or HECTD1 knockdown in HPF-a cells, with restored SiO2-induced fibroblast activation, proliferation, and migration via downstream autophagy. The lungs of mice exposed to SiO2 confirmed the upregulation of HECTD1 in pulmonary fibroblasts. Conclusions: Our data suggested a link between circHECTD1/HECTD1 and fibroblast activation with subsequent fibrosis induced by SiO2, providing novel insight into the potential of circHECTD1/HECTD1 to be a therapeutic target for silicosis.
Interrelations between pain, stress and executive functioning
Authors: Feller Liviu , Feller Gal , Ballyram Theona , Chandran Rakesh , Lemmer Johan , Khammissa Razia Abdool Gafaar 
Published: November 2019

Aim: The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the interrelations between pain, stress and executive functions. Implications for practice: Self-regulation, through executive functioning, exerts control over cognition, emotion and behaviour. The reciprocal neural functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system allows for the integration of cognitive and emotional neural pathways and then for higher-order psychological processes (reasoning, judgement etc.) to generate goal-directed adaptive behaviours and to regulate responses to psychosocial stressors and pain signals. Impairment in cognitive executive functioning may result in poor regulation of stress-, pain- and emotion-related processing of information. Conversely, adverse emotion, pain and stress impair executive functioning. The characteristic of the feedback and feedforward neural connections (quantity and quality) between the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system determine adaptive behaviour, stress response and pain experience.