bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex-specific association between the gut microbiome and high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice
Authors: Peng Chao , Xu Xinbo , Li Yanshu , Li Xueyang , Yang Xiaoyu , Chen Hongyan , Zhu Yin , Lu Nonghua , He Cong 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Accumulating evidence indicates that high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic disorders are associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. However, the sex-specific characteristics of the gut microbiota and its association with a sexually dimorphic response to a HFD remain unclear.

Methods
Male and female mice were randomly assigned to receive a chow diet (CD) or HFD for 12 weeks. A group of HFD mice were pretreated with antibiotic cocktails for 4 weeks. Body weight, insulin sensitivity and the levels of serum metabolic parameters (blood glucose and insulin) were evaluated. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to analyze the composition of the gut microbiota.

Results
HFD-induced body weight gain (BWG) was higher in male mice than in female mice. While insulin resistance was increased in the HFD group compared to CD group in male mice, there was no difference in insulin resistance among female mice. Antibiotic-pretreatment alleviated HFD-induced insulin resistance in male mice and elevated fasting blood glucose in female mice. The composition of the gut microbiota in male mice was remarkably different from that in female mice independent of diet. A higher abundance of the genera Parabacteroides, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Bifidobacterium was observed in females than inmales. HFD feeding also influenced the structure of the gut microbiota, as it decreased the abundance of short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria including Roseburia and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. Alterations in the gut microbiota in response to antibiotics followed by HFD were different between males and females, indicating sex-dependent sensitivity to antibiotics.

Conclusions
We identified that sex had a greater impact on the composition of gut microbiota than environmental factors (HFD and antibiotics). The enrichment of beneficial microbes in female mice may be associated with the resistance of female mice to HFD-induced metabolic disorders, which was weakened by antibiotic pretreatment.
Biodistribution and imaging of an hsp90 ligand labelled with 111In and 67Ga for imaging of cell death
Authors: Ho Shon Ivan , Kumar Divesh , Sathiakumar Chithradevi , Berghofer Paula , Van Khang , Chicco Andrew , Hogg Philip J. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
4-(N-(S-glutathionylacetyl)amino) phenylarsonous acid (GSAO) when conjugated at the γ-glutamyl residue with fluorophores and radio-isotopes is able to image dead and dying cells in vitro and in vivo by binding to intracellular 90-kDa heat shock proteins (hsp90) when cell membrane integrity is compromised. The ability to image cell death has potential clinical impact especially for early treatment response assessment in oncology. This work aims to assess the biodistribution and tumour uptake of diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid GSAO labelled with 111In ([111In]In-DTPA-GSAO) and 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid GSAO labelled with 67Ga ([67Ga]Ga-DOTA-GSAO) in a murine subcutaneous tumour xenograft model and estimate dosimetry of [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-GSAO.

Results
There was good tumour uptake of both [111In]In-DTPA-GSAO and [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-GSAO (2.44 ± 0.26% injected activity per gramme of tissue (%IA/g) and 2.75 ± 0.34 %IA/g, respectively) in Balb c nu/nu mice bearing subcutaneous tumour xenografts of a human metastatic prostate cancer cell line (PC3M-luc-c6). Peak tumour uptake occurred at 2.7 h post injection. [111In]In-DTPA-GSAO and [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-GSAO demonstrated increased uptake in the liver (4.40 ± 0.86 %IA/g and 1.72 ± 0.27 %IA/g, respectively), kidneys (16.54 ± 3.86 %IA/g and 8.16 ± 1.33 %IA/g) and spleen (6.44 ± 1.24 %IA/g and 1.85 ± 0.44 %IA/g); however, uptake in these organs was significantly lower with [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-GSAO (p = 0.006, p = 0.017 and p = 0.003, respectively). Uptake of [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-GSAO into tumour was higher than all organs except the kidneys. There was negligible uptake in the other organs. Excretion of [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-GSAO was more rapid than [111In]In-DTPA-GSAO. Estimated effective dose of [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-GSAO for an adult male human was 1.54 × 10− 2 mSv/MBq.

Conclusions
[67Ga]Ga-DOTA-GSAO demonstrates higher specific uptake in dead and dying cells within tumours and lower uptake in normal organs than [111In]In-DTPA-GSAO. [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-GSAO may be potentially useful for imaging cell death in vivo. Dosimetry estimates for [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-GSAO are acceptable for future human studies. This work also prepares for development of 68Ga GSAO radiopharmaceuticals.
Routing protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks for heterogeneous traffic network
Authors: Musaddiq Arslan , Zikria Yousaf Bin , Zulqarnain  , Kim Sung Won 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn a real network deployment, the diverse sensor applications generate a heterogeneous traffic pattern which may include basic sensing measurements such as temperature readings or high-volume multimedia traffic. In a heterogeneous traffic network, the two standardized objective functions (OFs), i.e., objective function zero (OF0) and the Minimum Rank with Hysteresis Objective Function (MRHOF) for routing protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) perform poor routing decisions by selecting an already congested parent node and cause more re-transmissions across the network. Therefore, careful consideration is required in designing a new OF for heterogeneous traffic scenarios. In this study, we examine the RPL protocol under a heterogeneous traffic pattern and proposed a new protocol based on queue and workload-based condition (QWL-RPL). The aim of the proposed protocol is to achieve a reliable path with better overall performance. The proposed OF model considers the link workload in addition to mapping the congestion status of the node using the packet queue. We implement the proposed routing model in the Contiki operating system (OS) Cooja environment to compare with the existing technique. The simulation results show that QWL-RPL can improve the performance of a heterogeneous traffic network as compared with both OF0 and MRHOF, specifically in terms of the amount of overhead, packets reception ratio (PRR), average delay, and jitter. Final results indicate that on average, there is a 5%–30% improvement in PRR, 25%–45% reduction in overheads, 12%–30% reduction in average delay, and 20%–40% reduction in jitter.
Solution of fractional kinetic equations involving class of functions and Sumudu transform
Authors: Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Shaikh Amjad , Rahman Gauhar , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFractional kinetic equations (FKEs) including a wide variety of special functions have been widely and successfully applied in describing and solving many important problems of physics and astrophysics. In this paper, we derive the solutions for FKEs including the class of functions with the help of Sumudu transforms. Many important special cases are then revealed and analyzed. The use of the class of functions to obtain the solution of FKEs is fairly general and can be efficiently used to construct several well-known and novel FKEs.
Bipolar disorders in ICD-11: current status and strengths
Authors: Angst Jules , Ajdacic-Gross Vladeta , Rössler Wulf 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines for the ICD-11 Classification of mental and behavioural disorders should soon be finalized. To measure their potential impact, the new proposed definitions of bipolar disorders in ICD-11 were applied to data from the Zurich cohort study and compared with the definitions of ICD-10 and DSM-5.

Results
We found little difference between ICD-11 and ICD-10 in the identification of subjects with bipolar disorders, but compared to DSM-5 a considerable increase in the diagnosis of hypomanic episodes and therefore of bipolar-II disorders.

Conclusions
Compared to ICD-10 and DSM-5 the definition of hypomanic episodes according to ICD-11 represents important progress. A higher prevalence of BP-II disorder makes sense from a clinical point of view. Further transcultural research is needed into whether out-patient treatment should be included as a criterion for hypomania. Pure mania is unfortunately missing as an independent and codable disorder in the international diagnostic manuals, whether ICD-11 or DSM-5.
Contribution to crustal strain accumulation of minor faults: a case study across the Niigata–Kobe Tectonic Zone, Japan
Authors: Tamura Tomonori , Oohashi Kiyokazu , Otsubo Makoto , Miyakawa Ayumu , Niwa Masakazu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecent global navigation satellite system (GNSS) data for the Japanese Islands have revealed a high-strain-rate region suggesting the existence of a region of broad-scale crustal deformation. The Niigata–Kobe Tectonic Zone (NKTZ), which is the high-strain-rate zone in central Japan, shows a short-term dextral strain rate of ~ 12 mm/year. The total slip rate of the Quaternary fault zones in the NKTZ has been estimated as ~ 6.7 mm/year, accounting for just over half the short-term strain rate of the zone. However, this slip rate underestimates the total slip rate on faults within the NKTZ owing to possible distributed deformation on minor faults. This study quantifies the slip rate attributable to these other faults in the southeastern-central NKTZ and reveals the unique deformation structure across the high-strain-rate zone, which comprises a Quaternary fault core, a Quaternary fault damage zone, an incipient brittle shear zone (active background), and an inactive background. The spatial characteristics of the incipient brittle shear zone can be explained in terms of fault density, which increases toward the central NKTZ. Minor faults located > 500 m from major Quaternary faults but within the NKTZ have sense of shear consistent with that of the major faults. In contrast, minor faults outside of the NKTZ show sense of shear that differ from the dextral displacement of the high-strain-rate zone and do not contribute to the slip rate of the zone. The total slip rate of minor faults in the southeastern-central NKTZ is estimated to be 0.46–2.88 mm/year (roughly equal to a major Quaternary fault in the zone), which implies 4–24% of crustal strain is stored in the active background.
Social media, self-harm and suicide
Authors: House Allan 
Published: January 2020

SummaryUse of social media by people with mental health problems, and especially those who are prone to self-harm, has potential advantages and disadvantages. This poses a dilemma about how and by how much the form and content of social media sites should be regulated. Unfortunately, participation in the public debate about this dilemma has been restricted and high-profile discussion of necessary action has been focused almost entirely on how much suppression of content is justified. Professional bodies, including the Royal College of Psychiatrists, should be doing much more than they are to shape how the debate is conducted.
Ultrahigh-CO2 Adsorption Capacity and CO2/N2 Selectivity by Nitrogen-Doped Porous Activated Carbon Monolith
Authors: Alabadi Akram A , Abbood Haider A , Dawood Ammar S , Tan Bien 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Among microporous adsorbents, N-doped activated carbon monolith has been developed to achieve functionalized nanoporous carbon via cross-linked polymer precursors, which are used in Friedel-Craft alkylation and pyrolysis. Nitrogen-doping is establish an efficient method for boosting the CO2 adsorption capacity of carbon-based adsorbents, and research in this area is still full of challenges to reach a fit doping level of nitrogen (N) and intrinsic microporosity. Herein is an easy method that enables the preparation of microporous nitrogen-doped porous carbon monolith with proportion of 4.6 wt% N, which employs poly (H-BINAM) as primary material. By virtue of chemical activation, high microporosity is generated and gives a monolithic structured porous nitrogen-doped activated carbon (MPC-700). The resulting material showed a remarkable CO2 adsorption capacity (6.74 mmol g−1 at 273 K and 5.18 mmol g−1 at 298 K under 1 bar), and an excellent CO2 over N2 selectivity (153), which is measured from single-component adsorption isotherms according to Henry’s Law. This value exceeds the CO2 over N2 selectivity of reported carbon-based adsorbents including diverse nitrogen doped examples, the features of which are largely associated with remarkably high N-content and furthermore partial graphitic framework.
THE STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE EXTRACT AND ANTIMYCOTIC PROPERTIES ANTHEMIS ALTISSIMA L.
Authors: Mustafayeva Sitara Jalal , Serkerov Sirajeddin Veli , Bakhshaliyeva Konul Farrux 
Published: January 2020

The qualitative and quantitative composition of chemical components of ethanol extract of the above-ground part of Anthemis altissima L. (syn. Cota altissima (L.) J.Gay) species (family Asteraceae) collected during flowering phase from the flora of Azerbaijan has been studied. The chemical composition of ethanol extract was analyzed by chromatography-mass-spectrometry methods. 54 components were identified in the extract. As a result of the study, it was found that the A. altissima contained benzene aromatic compounds (77.21%). Among them Benzene, (1-butylheptyl) – 7.84%, Benzene, (1-propyloctyl) – 7.71%, Benzene, (1-pentyloctyl) – 7.03%, Benzene, (1-pentylheptyl) – 5.69%, Benzene, (1-butyloctyl) – 5.37%, Benzene, (1-propylnonyl) – 5.02% were the main components. In addition to the above components in the extract of the aerial part other biological active substances, such as alcohols (6.37% – of them prevail Hop-22(29)-en-3. β.-ol – 1.53%, γ-Sitosterol – 1.32%), esters of acids (5.3% – of them prevail Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester – 0.88%; Linoleic acid, ethyl ester – 0.63%) and alkanes (1.64% – of them prevail Eicosane – 0.53%; Pentacosane – 0.40%) were also identified. The share of unidentified components was 8.99%. The article also presents the results of the study of the antifungal properties of A. altissima and its aqueous extract against the culture of pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporium and Aspergillus niger. The aqueous extract of A. altissima, in contrast to the plant itself, shows a fungistatic effect on the fungi Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger.
OZONE PRETREATMENT OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS: THE EFFECT OF OZONE CONSUMPTION ON REACTIVITY IN ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS INTO SUGAR
Authors: Ben’ko Elena Mikhailovna , Lunin Valeriy Vasil'yevich 
Published: January 2020

Ozonolysis, as a lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment for sugars and bioethanol production is becoming widespread in recent years owing to its efficiency and environmental safety. Ozone reacts preferably with lignin than carbohydrates, leading to biomass delignification, and so the sugar release by enzymatic hydrolysis. Sugars yield depends on ozone pretreatment parameters and additional studies are necessary to optimize the process to achieve high yields with economic feasibility.
In this work some general patterns of ozone pretreatment are established, using the samples of plant biomass of various types (straw, soft and hardwood). It is shown that the reactivity of vegetable substrates pretreated with ozone is determined by the amount of ozone consumed and practically does not depend on the conditions under which this value of ozone consumption was achieved. The optimal value of ozone consumption, which allows to obtain the maximum yield of sugars in the enzymatic reaction, is 2–3 eq. O3/C9PPU (in terms of phenyl-propane structural unit of lignin, contained in the raw material) or 10–15 wt.%. Intermediate ozonation products do not exhibit inhibitory properties at such ozone consumption.
TRITERPENE COMPOUNDS OF THE ABOVE GROUND ORGANS OF THE BUPLEURUM SCORZONERIFOLIUM WILLD. OF THE BAIKAL REGION FLORA
Authors: Petukhova Svetlana Andreyevna , Olennikov Daniil Nikolayevich , Mirovich Vera Mikhaylovna 
Published: January 2020

Representatives of the genus Bupleurum L. in the composition of biologically active substances accumulate triterpene compounds (derivatives of α-amyrin and β-amyrin). Triterpene glycosides isolated from plants of the genus Bupleurum are called saikosaponinov, buplevrozidy, skorzonerozidy. Plants of the genus Bupleurum in the underground organs accumulate triterpene compounds in an amount of from 1 to 7%. Triterpene compounds of plants of the genus Bupleurum possess a hepatoprotective, antiviral, cytostatic effect. We have studied the triterpene compounds of the aerial organs of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. The material for the study was collected on the territory of the Irkutsk region (Russia). Isolation of triterpene compounds was performed with 70% ethyl alcohol. The compounds were identified by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and diode-matrix detection (UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS). According to the results of the analysis, the content of 5 triterpene compounds was established: saikosaponinov A, B2, C, D, F. The isolated compounds are structurally derived from oleanan, in which glycosidation is observed at the C-3 position with α-L-rhinose, β-D-glucose and β-D-fucose. The spectrophotometric method determined the quantitative content of the amount of triterpene compounds in the above-ground organs of B. scorzonerifolium at different phases of the vegetation of the plant, by organs (in flowers, leaves, stalks), and also depending on the place of growth. It has been established that the maximum amount of the amount of triterpene compounds accumulates in the aboveground organs of B. scorzonerifolium during the flowering phase – 1.54±0.05%; the highest content of this group of compounds is noted in flowers – 1.70±0.06%; most of all, this group of compounds is collected by samples collected in the Ust-Horde Buryat District (1.96±0.06%). The aboveground organs of B. scorzonerifolium can be used as a source of triterpene compounds, the highest content of which is noted in the flowering phase. The study of triterpene compounds in the aboveground organs of B. scorzonerifolium was carried out for the first time.
THE SIBERIAN LARCH GROUP COMPOSITION AND ACID NEEDLES AT DIFFERENT VEGETATION PERIODS
Authors: Mikson Dar'ya Sergeyevna , Roshchin Viktor Ivanovich 
Published: January 2020

The research results of the Siberian larch needle extractives are presented in paper. The content of extractive substances from green and yellow needles extracted by organic solvents with different polarities is determined. It is found out that the double increase of the yellow needle extractive substances content soluble in hydrocarbon extractant is observed, whereas it is decreased by 30 per cent when extracted with propan-2-ol. The group composition of needle extracts derived from isopropanol extract by petroleum ether is determined. The neutral substances content in both needle collections is practically the same, although the yellow needles contain less acid “bound” in the form of esters. There is a high content of waxes in the needles, which mainly consist of secondary nonacosanol-10 alcohol.
The composition of free and “bound” acids in Siberian larch needles of different vegetation periods is established. The needles are dominated by groups of higher unsaturated C-18 fatty acids. Resin acids are represented by isopimaric acid (isopimaric and sandaracopimaric) and abietic acids: abietic, dehydroabietic and levopiric acids. In yellow needles, the content of dehydroabietic acid is increased quadrupled and the hydroxy acids are identified: 15-hydroxyabietic acid and 15-hydroxyhydroabietic acid. The tri- and tetraenic C-20 acids are identified among higher fatty acids.
Rheological properties and small-angle X-ray scattering studies of phosphate dust obtained from baghouse collectors
Authors: Labtaini Ikram , El-Hami Khalil 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Baghouse dust collectors are using in the drying unit of Beni Idir situated in Beni-Idir Khouribga city, Morocco, to retrieve phosphates particles from dust air-drying before its expulsion through the smokestacks. The phosphate dust samples used in this study were taken from the filtration chamber of the baghouse dust collectors. The first sample (S1) is untreated calcium phosphate dust, the second (S2) is the calcium phosphate dust from the outside of filter media while the third one (S3) is the calcium phosphate dust from the inside of filter media which causes clogging depth. In this paper, the rheology and the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) of the three samples were investigated to elucidate the changes in terms of local structure, the viscosity, and the shear stress parameters. The rheological behavior of the dust samples was investigated for a solid mass concentration ranging from 50 to 60%, the three samples (S1) (S2) and (S3) had a solid mass concentration of C1=60%, C2=55% and C3=50% and a shear rate in the range from 1 to 1000 s−1. The results indicated that during the filtration process, the pseudo-plastic behavior of the dust phosphate changed to that of Bingham. Comparing the results of the sample’s viscosity, we found that the viscosity decreased during the process filtration. The SAXS results suggested that the dust phosphate samples possess a fractal surface structure of enormous dust particles with a rough surface interface. This new study highlights the rheological behavior of grain phosphates that could be extrapolated to other mining powder as grains material or in solution. It is important to understand the rheological characteristics of materials, their flow, and the subsequent deformation of matter as a result of the flow.
Age-Dependent Remarkable Regenerative Potential of the Dentate Gyrus Provided by Intrinsic Stem Cells
Authors: Licht Tamar , Kreisel Tirzah , Biala Yoav , Mohan Sandesh , Yaari Yoel , Anisimov Andrey , Alitalo Kari , Keshet Eli 
Published: January 2020

Multiple insults to the brain lead to neuronal cell death, thus raising the question to what extent can lost neurons be replenished by adult neurogenesis. Here we focused on the hippocampus and especially the dentate gyrus (DG), a vulnerable brain region and one of the two sites where adult neuronal stem cells (NSCs) reside. While adult hippocampal neurogenesis was extensively studied with regard to its contribution to cognitive enhancement, we focused on their underestimated capability to repair a massively injured, nonfunctional DG. To address this issue, we inflicted substantial DG-specific damage in mice of either sex either by diphtheria toxin-based ablation of >50% of mature DG granule cells (GCs) or by prolonged brain-specific VEGF overexpression culminating in extensive, highly selective loss of DG GCs (thereby also reinforcing the notion of selective DG vulnerability). The neurogenic system promoted effective regeneration by increasing NSCs proliferation/survival rates, restoring a nearly original DG mass, promoting proper rewiring of regenerated neurons to their afferent and efferent partners, and regaining of lost spatial memory. Notably, concomitantly with the natural age-related decline in the levels of neurogenesis, the regenerative capacity of the hippocampus also subsided with age. The study thus revealed an unappreciated regenerative potential of the young DG and suggests hippocampal NSCs as a critical reservoir enabling recovery from catastrophic DG damage.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAdult hippocampal neurogenesis has been extensively studied in the context of its role in cognitive enhancement, but whether, and to what extent can dentate gyrus (DG)-resident neural stem cells drive regeneration of an injured DG has remained unclear. Here we show that DG neurogenesis acts to replace lost neurons and restore lost functions even following massive (>50%) neuronal loss. Age-related decline of neurogenesis is paralleled by a progressive decline of regenerative capacity. Considering also the exceptional vulnerability of the DG to insults, these findings provide a further rationale for maintaining DG neurogenesis in adult life.