bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impedance Spectroscopy Revisited
Authors: Miyano Kenjiro , Yanagida Masatoshi , Shirai Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2020

AbstractImpedance spectroscopy has been widely used in characterizing the electronic properties of semiconductors. Its application in the perovskite photovoltaic research is a natural extension of the well‐established methodology in the new semiconducting material. However, it turns out that the published results are sometimes very strange, difficult to interpret, or the interpretations contradict each other. It is now clear that most of these troubles stem from the dominating influence of ionic contributions. Herein, some of the published data are reviewed and the possible problems are identified, which can be reconciled by taking into account the explicit contribution of the ionic behavior.
Efficient Hybrid Tandem Solar Cells Based on Optical Reinforcement of Colloidal Quantum Dots with Organic Bulk Heterojunctions
Authors: Aqoma Havid , Imran Imil Fadli , Mubarok Muhibullah Al , Hadmojo Wisnu Tantyo , Do Young Rag , Jang Sung‐Yeon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhile colloidal quantum dot photovoltaic devices (CQDPVs) can achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ≈12%, their insufficient optical absorption in the near‐infrared (NIR) regime impairs efficient utilization of the full spectrum of visible light. Here, high‐efficiency, solution‐processed, hybrid series, tandem photovoltaic devices are developed featuring CQDs and organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photoactive materials for front‐ and back‐cells, respectively. The organic BHJ back‐cell efficiently harvests the transmitted NIR photons from the CQD front‐cell, which reinforces the photon‐to‐current conversion at 350–1000 nm wavelengths. Optimizing the short‐circuit current density balance of each sub‐cell and creating a near ideal series connection using an intermediate layer achieve a PCE (12.82%) that is superior to that of each single‐junction device (11.17% and 11.02% for the CQD and organic BHJ device, respectively). Notably, the PCE of the hybrid tandem device is the highest among the reported CQDPVs, including single‐junction devices and tandem devices. The hybrid tandem device also exhibits almost negligible degradation after air storage for 3 months. This study suggests a potential route to improve the performance of CQDPVs by proper hybridization with NIR‐absorbing photoactive materials.
Emergency Medicine Career Outcomes and Scholarly Pursuits: The Impact of Transitioning From a Three‐year to a Four‐year Niche‐based Residency Curriculum
Authors: Ehmann Michael R. , Klein Eili Y. , Kelen Gabor D. , Regan Linda 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesIn 2008, our emergency medicine (EM) residency program transitioned from a 3‐year to a 4‐year format. We analyzed the effect that this change had on the scholarly productivity and career choice of graduates, hypothesizing that it would lead residents to be more scholarly productive and graduates to more frequently obtain academic appointments and leadership roles in their first postresidency positions.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of graduates (N = 95) from a single residency program that underwent a curriculum change from a 3‐year to a 4‐year format. Three cohorts prior to (n = 36) and five cohorts after (n = 59) this transition were included. The primary outcome of interest was the setting of graduates’ first postresidency position. Secondary outcomes included completion of scholarly activity during training and attaining a leadership role in the first postresidency position.ResultsOf the 4‐year program graduates, 44% obtained an academic position compared to 28% of 3‐year program graduates. After confounders were controlled for, this difference was statistically discernible only if fellowships were excluded (including fellowship, odds ratio [OR] = 2.25, 95% CI = 0.87 to 5.78; excluding fellowship, OR = 3.53, 95% CI = 1.13 to 11.05). Four‐year graduates were more likely to obtain a leadership position immediately after graduation (OR = 13.72, 95% CI = 2.45 to 76.99). Compared to residents in the 3‐year program, residents in the 4‐year format had a similar likelihood of producing any scholarly work by graduation (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 0.49 to 5.80) but were more likely to publish peer‐reviewed manuscripts (OR = 3.92, 95% CI = 2.25 to 6.83).ConclusionsCompared to 3‐year residency graduates, graduates of our 4‐year curriculum were more likely to obtain nonfellowship academic appointments and leadership positions immediately after graduation and to publish their scholarly work during residency. This study suggests that residency applicants seeking to be academically productive during residency and leaders in the field of EM should consider training in a 4‐year program with similar goals.
Significant polyomic and functional upregulation of the PAPP‐A/IGFBP‐4/5/IGF‐1 axis in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Mueller Sarina K. , Nocera Angela L. , Workman Alan , Libermann Towia , Dillon Simon T. , Stegmann Achim , Wurm Jochen , Iro Heinrich , Wendler Olaf , Bleier Benjamin S. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is associated with epithelial expansion and polyp survival. However, the molecular mechanism of this aberrant proliferation is unclear. The purpose of this study was to interrogate derangements of the pappalysin‐A/insulin‐like growth factor binding protein/insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (PAPP‐A/IGFBP‐4/5/IGF‐1 axis) as a major contributing factor to polyp growth in CRSwNP.MethodsMatched tissue and exosomal proteomic arrays including PAPP‐A, IGFBP‐4, IGFBP‐5, and IGF‐1 were quantified using aptamer‐based methods/Western blots for proteomic analysis and whole‐transcriptome sequencing/quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for transcriptomic analysis in CRSwNP and control patients. Functional PAPP‐A assays were then performed in both tissue and exosomes (set 1: n = 20 per group; validation set 2: n = 26 per group).ResultsTissue and exosomal PAPP‐A was significantly overexpressed in CRSwNP compared to controls on both a transcriptomic and proteomic level (p < 0.0001). Known inhibitors of PAPP‐A (stanniocalcin‐1/‐2) were significantly downregulated (p < 0.0001) as were PAPP‐A cleavage products (IGFBP‐5 p < 0.0001). PAPP‐A function was shown to be increased 5‐fold to 6‐fold in tissue and exosomes.ConclusionUpregulated tissue and exosomal PAPP‐A signaling is significantly associated with CRSwNP and may be an important factor in the promotion of epithelial proliferation and polyp growth. These data lend further support to the emerging concept of exosomal functional and polyomic analyses as a method to study sinonasal pathology.
Neuroinflammatory markers associate with cognitive decline after major surgery: Findings of an explorative study
Authors: Danielson Mattias , Wiklund Andreas , Granath Fredrik , Blennow Kaj , Mkrtchian Souren , Nellgård Bengt , Oras Jonatan , Jonsson Fagerlund Malin , Granström Anna , Schening Anna , Rasmussen Lars S. , Erlandsson Harris Helena , Zetterberg Henrik , Ricksten Sven‐Erik , Eriksson Lars I. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveLong‐term cognitive decline is an adverse outcome after major surgery associated with increased risk for mortality and morbidity. We studied the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum biochemical inflammatory response to a standardized orthopedic surgical procedure and the possible association with long‐term changes in cognitive function. We hypothesized that the CSF inflammatory response pattern after surgery would differ in patients having long‐term cognitive decline defined as a composite cognitive z score of ≥1.0 compared to patients without long‐term cognitive decline at 3 months postsurgery.MethodsSerum and CSF biomarkers of inflammation and blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity were measured preoperatively and up to 48 hours postoperatively, and cognitive function was assessed preoperatively and at 2 to 5 days and 3 months postoperatively.ResultsSurgery was associated with a pronounced increase in inflammatory biomarkers in both CSF and blood throughout the 48‐hour study period. A principal component (PC) analysis was performed on 52 inflammatory biomarkers. The 2 first PC (PC1 and PC2) construct outcome variables on CSF biomarkers were significantly associated with long‐term cognitive decline at 3 months, but none of the PC construct serum variables showed a significant association with long‐term cognitive decline at 3 months. Patients both with and patients without long‐term cognitive decline showed early transient increases of the astroglial biomarkers S‐100B and glial fibrillary acidic protein in CSF, and in BBB permeability (CSF/serum albumin ratio).InterpretationSurgery rapidly triggers a temporal neuroinflammatory response closely associated with long‐term cognitive outcome postsurgery. The findings of this explorative study require validation in a larger surgical patient cohort. Ann Neurol 2020;87:370–382
The Role of Odd‐Frequency Pairing in Multiband Superconductors
Authors: Triola Christopher , Cayao Jorge , Black‐Schaffer Annica M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecent progress in the understanding of multiband superconductivity and its relationship to odd‐frequency pairing are reviewed herein. The discussion begins by reviewing the emergence of odd‐frequency pairing in a simple two‐band model, providing a brief pedagogical overview of the formalism. Several examples of multiband superconducting systems are examined, in each case describing both the origin of the band degree of freedom and the nature of the odd‐frequency pairing. Throughout, it is attempted to convey a unified picture of how odd‐frequency pairing emerges in these materials and propose that similar mechanisms are responsible for odd‐frequency pairing in several analogous systems: layered 2D heterostructures, double quantum dots, double nanowires, Josephson junctions, and systems described by isolated valleys in momentum space. In addition, experimental probes of odd‐frequency pairing in multiband systems are reviewed, focusing on hybridization gaps in the electronic density of states, paramagnetic Meissner effect, and Kerr effect.
Quantum Pairing Time Orders
Authors: Balatsky Alexander V. , Sukhachov Pavel O. , Bandyopadhyay Sumanta 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe concept of the time‐independent correlators for the even‐ and odd‐frequency pairing states that can be defined for both bosonic and fermionic quasiparticles is proposed. These correlators explicitly capture the existence of two distinct classes of pairing states and provide a direct probe of the hidden Berezinskii order. This concept is illustrated in the cases of pairings for Majorana fermions and quasiparticles in Dirac semimetals. It is shown that the time‐independent correlator is able to effectively capture the energy scale relevant for pairing.
Influence of bioconversion on pore structure of bituminous coal
Authors: Lu Yiyu , Chai Chengjuan , Zhou Zhe , Ge Zhaolong , Yang Mengmeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMicrobial‐enhanced coalbed methane is a feasible technique to improve gas recovery and achieve antipenetration, and the coal pores determine the gas‐adsorption capacity and permeability. To study the pore structure of bituminous coal before and after microbial treatment mercury intrusion porosimetry, nitrogen‐gas adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy was used. The results showed that the microbial treatment increased the macropores volume of the high volatile bituminous coal and sub‐bituminous coal, and decreased the micropore and mesopore volume. The porosity increased by 33.80% and 22.89% for the high volatile bituminous coal and sub‐bituminous coal, respectively. The effect of bioconversion on the pore structure increases as the degree of coal evolution increases. Because of bioconversion, the oxygen‐containing functional groups and the degree of coal crystallization were reduced and the organic matter was degraded, which lead to an enhancement of the pore connectivity. The optimal pH of the nutrient solution for microbial changes to the pore structure was 7. Compared with pure water, the reference of mine water to configure the nutrient solution was more conducive to microbial activity and had a greater impact on the pore structure.
Thermoplastic elastomer blend based on EMA and NBR; optimization of process parameters
Authors: Murugan Narayanan , Amrishkumar Padmakumar , Nando Golok Behari , Singha Nikhil Kumar 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTEMA–NBR has been explored to be a potential thermoplastic elastomer blend having good thermal stability as well as oil resistance property. The present investigation reports the optimization of process parameters for the novel polymer blends based on poly(ethylene‐co‐methyl acrylate) (EMA) and poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐butadiene) rubber (NBR) with criteria based on the statistical design of experiment (Taguchi L9 orthogonal array). In this case, the polymer blends were prepared by changing the polymer blending conditions such as mixing temperature, mixing time and rotor speed as per Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array. Optimization of the process parameters was carried out based on the physicomechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, and tensile impact strength of the resulting EMA/NBR blend. Each processing parameter has been optimized from the experimental data, which are converted into signal‐to‐noise ratio. The standard statistical technique of analysis of variance result was used to evaluate the proportional role of the different control variables. It has been found that the mixing temperature play very significant role trailed by rotor speed and mixing time in controlling droplet matrix morphology of the EMA/NBR blends. Predominantly, these factors affect the size of the NBR domain and its distribution in the EMA matrix, which in turn have a notable contribution to the physicomechanical properties of the blends. By the optimization of processing conditions, the NBR matrix domain size greatly decreases, leading to significant improvement in physicomechanical properties of the EMA/NBR blends. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48900.
Biomass as a sustainable resource for value‐added modern materials: a review
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Kaur Manmeet , Punj Shivani , Singh Kulvir 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOver the past century, the world's population has increased greatly. The growth in the population has increased the global food demand, so the food sector has increased its production. As a result of the increased production and consumption, a huge amount of agro‐food waste is being generated yearly. Rice husk, wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, corn husk, peanut shell, eggshell, are just a few examples of agro‐food wastes. As these agro‐food wastes and their by‐products are left unused and unattended, their amount is increasing globally. It is imperative to find ways to put these wastes to environmentally viable use. These wastes find direct uses in biofertilizers, mud houses, animal feed, biofuel, and heat generation in small‐scale industries, etc. After heat generation, ashes are considered as a secondary by‐product, which can be used as a sustainable and renewable resource for synthesizing value‐added products for various applications. This article presents a review of the traditional and advanced methods of utilizing these wastes in household applications, animal feed, fertilizers, fuel generation, pyrolysis, and for the removal of toxic metals from polluted water. These secondary resources can also be used in construction materials and for the synthesis of glasses and glass–ceramics, which can be used in bioengineering, optical, and dielectric materials. Agro‐food wastes can be used as resource materials to develop modern materials with better properties instead of using minerals. This not only reduces the environment‐ and management‐related problem of the wastes but also provides a sustainable alternative way to produce cost‐effective value‐added materials for the benefit of society. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Anxiety‐induced miscalculations, more than differential inhibition of intuition, explain the gender gap in cognitive reflection
Authors: Juanchich Marie , Sirota Miroslav , Bonnefon Jean‐François 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) is among the most common and well‐known instruments for measuring the propensity to engage reflective processing, in the context of the dual‐process theory of high‐level cognition. There is robust evidence that men perform better than women on this test—but we should be wary to conclude that men are more likely to engage in reflective processing than women. We consider several possible loci for the gender difference in CRT performance, and use mathematical modeling to show, across two studies, that the gender difference in CRT performance is more likely due to women making more mathematical mistakes (partially explained by their greater mathematics anxiety) than due to women being less likely to engage reflective processing. As a result, we argue that we need to use gender‐equivalent variants of the CRT, both to improve the quality of our instruments and to fulfill our social responsibility as scientists.
Functional connectivity predicts the dispositional use of expressive suppression but not cognitive reappraisal
Authors: Burr Daisy A. , d'Arbeloff Tracy , Elliott Maxwell L. , Knodt Annchen R. , Brigidi Bartholomew D. , Hariri Ahmad R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionPrevious research has identified specific brain regions associated with regulating emotion using common strategies such as expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal. However, most research focuses on a priori regions and directs participants how to regulate, which may not reflect how people naturally regulate outside the laboratory.MethodHere, we used a data‐driven approach to investigate how individual differences in distributed intrinsic functional brain connectivity predict emotion regulation tendency outside the laboratory. Specifically, we used connectome‐based predictive modeling to extract functional connections in the brain significantly related to the dispositional use of suppression and reappraisal. These edges were then used in a predictive model and cross‐validated in novel participants to identify a neural signature that reflects individual differences in the tendency to suppress and reappraise emotion.ResultsWe found a significant neural signature for the dispositional use of suppression, but not reappraisal. Within this whole‐brain signature, the intrinsic connectivity of the default mode network was most informative of suppression tendency. In addition, the predictive performance of this model was significant in males, but not females.ConclusionThese findings help inform how whole‐brain networks of functional connectivity characterize how people tend to regulate emotion outside the laboratory.
Goals or semantic constructs? Different choice setting and choice goal activation
Authors: Xiao Na 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe researcher of this paper contributes to the literature by identifying nuances among three types of choice settings that are likely to activate choice‐related goals and their implications for product evaluation. First, the research verifies that choice settings can activate choice‐related goals, for example, simplifying a choice. Second, it is proposed and shown that choice settings activate goals, not semantic constructs. Third, this research attempts to shed light on some nuances among different choice settings, which vary in the degree of cognitive effort used to compare alternatives. The results aid in understanding how three different choice settings can activate choice‐related goals. Fourth, the research proposes that goal activation has an implication for product evaluation, offering a new perspective to preference and choice reversal literature. Five experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses.
Removal of Cu2+ from Water Using Liquid‐Liquid Microchannel Extraction
Authors: Liu Hui , Dai Shuang , Li Jun , Ma Rui , Cao Yan , Wang Gang , Komarneni Sridhar , Luo Jianhong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe very good extraction selectivity of Cu2+ from water was demonstrated with a new microchannel equipment, by employing di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as an extractant and kerosene as a solvent. The effects of different experimental parameters on the extraction efficiency E, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient KLa, and the entrainment were experimentally investigated. The results showed that the extraction efficiency increased with increasing temperature, extractant concentration, phase ratio (organic/aqueous), and pH. The total flow rate, phase ratio, and pH were found to have a great effect on the mass transfer, whereas the temperature and the extractant concentration showed little effect.
The role of PDLIM1, a PDZ‐LIM domain protein, at the ribbon synapses in the chicken retina
Authors: Ríos Hugo , Paganelli Alejandra R. , Fosser Nicolás S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPDLIM's protein family is involved in the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. In the present study, we describe the localization of PDLIM1 in chicken photoreceptors. This study provides evidence that this protein is present at the cone pedicles, as well as in other synapses of the chicken retina. Here, we demonstrate the expression pattern of PDLIM1 through immunofluorescence staining, immunoblots, subcellular fractionation, and immunoprecipitation experiments. Also, we consider the possibility that PDLIM1 may be involved in the synaptic vesicle endocytosis and/or the presynaptic trafficking of synaptic vesicles back to the nonready releasable pool. This endocytotic/exocytotic coupling requires a tight link between exocytic vesicle fusion at defined release sites and endocytic retrieval of synaptic vesicle membranes. In turn, photoreceptor ribbon synaptic structure depends on the cytoskeleton arrangement, both at the active zone‐related with exocytosis—as well as at the endocytic zone—periactive zone. To our knowledge, the PDLIM1 protein has not been observed in the pre synapses of the retina. Thus, the present study describes the expression and subcellular localization of PDLIM1 for the first time, as well as its modulation by visual environment in the chicken retina.
Early postnatal gene expression in the developing neocortex of prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) is related to parental rearing style
Authors: Bottom Riley T. , Krubitzer Leah A. , Huffman Kelly J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe earliest and most prevalent sensory experience includes tactile, thermal, and olfactory stimulation delivered to the young via contact with the mother, and in some mammals, the father. Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), like humans, are biparental and serve as a model for understanding the impact of parent/offspring interactions on the developing brain. Prairie voles also exhibit natural variation in the level of tactile stimulation delivered by the parents to the offspring, and this has been well documented and quantified. Previous studies revealed that adult prairie vole offspring who received either high (HC) or low (LC) tactile contact from their parents have differences in the size of cortical fields and the connections of somatosensory cortex. In the current investigation, we examined gene expression, intraneocortical connectivity, and cortical thickness in newborn voles to appreciate when differences in HC and LC offspring begin to emerge. We observed differences in developmentally regulated genes, as well as variation in prelimbic and anterior cingulate cortical thickness at postnatal Day 1 (P1) in HC and LC voles. Results from this study suggest that parenting styles, such as those involving high or low physical contact, impact the developing neocortex via very early sensory experience as well as differences in epigenetic modifications that may emerge in HC and LC voles.