bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PyWPS: overview, new features in version 4 and existing implementations
Authors: de Sousa Luís Moreira , de Jesus Jorge Mendes , Čepicky Jachym , Kralidis Athanasios Tom , Huard David , Ehbrecht Carsten , Barreto Suzana , Eberle Jonas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
PyWPS 4 is a re–make of the Python implementation of the WPS standard. It is the result of the work of over a dozen individual contributors, during a period of almost three years. One of the goals driving this re–implementation was to embrace modern Python technologies and the possibilities they open.This technical note reviews some of the more advanced possibilities this new PyWPS implementation opens. Request activity is now logged into a structured database, relying on a generic Object–Relational Mapping engine. The adoption of WSGI (Web Server Gateway Interface) opens new ways for load balancing request execution and application encapsulation, that are exemplified with modern Python technologies. Furthermore, PyWPS 4 is designed with containerisation in mind, expediting both development and deployment and improving security.
Engineering microbial chemical factories using metabolic models
Authors: Sarkar Debolina , Maranas Costas D. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Living organisms in analogy with chemical factories use simple molecules such as sugars to produce a variety of compounds which are necessary for sustaining life and some of which are also commercially valuable. The metabolisms of simple (such as bacteria) and higher organisms (such as plants) alike can be exploited to convert low value inputs into high value outputs. Unlike conventional chemical factories, microbial production chassis are not necessarily tuned for a single product overproduction. Despite the same end goal, metabolic and industrial engineers rely on different techniques for achieving productivity goals. Metabolic engineers cannot affect reaction rates by manipulating pressure and temperature, instead they have at their disposal a range of enzymes and transcriptional and translational processes to optimize accordingly. In this review, we first highlight how various analytical approaches used in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology are related to concepts developed in systems and control engineering. Specifically, how algorithmic concepts derived in operations research can help explain the structure and organization of metabolic networks. Finally, we consider the future directions and challenges faced by the field of metabolic network modeling and the possible contributions of concepts drawn from the classical fields of chemical and control engineering. The aim of the review is to offer a current perspective of metabolic engineering and all that it entails without requiring specialized knowledge of bioinformatics or systems biology.
Role of Anthocleista vogelii in serum antioxidant defence system in cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats
Authors: Apiamu Augustine , Asagba Samuel Ogheneovo , Tonukari Nyerhovwo J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundCadmium (Cd) toxicity, which runs across the food chain, is chiefly regulated by in vivo antioxidant defence system or through antioxidant supplementation of biological systems predisposed to this environmental stressor. The present study was designed to examine the role ofAnthocleista vogeliileaves in Cd-induced oxidative stress in the serum of Wistar rats through the application of response surface methodology (RSM) and biomonitoring of selective responses: malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD) activities, respectively. The cold macerated plant leaves were subjected to fractionation process using methanol-hexane-chloroform (3:2:1 v/v) solvent system such that n-hexane fraction with ample antioxidant levels in terms of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) among others atp <  0.05 was selected for the study. The study employed central composite design (CCD) with twenty experimental “runs” of male Wistar rats for twenty-eight days, following a week of acclimatization, where n-hexane fraction ofA. vogelii(NFAV), cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and body weights of rats were considered input factors in the study.ResultsThe study generated five quadratic models, which differed significantly atp <  0.05 for MDA levels as well as CAT, SOD, GST and POD activities in the sera of Wistar rats. The study revealed that exposure to Cd toxicity caused a marked increase (p <  0.05) in serum MDA levels, but a significant inhibition (p <  0.05) of serum SOD, CAT, GST and POD activities. However, Cd interaction with NFAV showed marked amelioration of Cd-induced oxidative stress, which was confirmed by significant decrease in serum MDA levels, but significant increase in serum SOD, CAT, GST and POD activities atp <  0.05 via the response surface plots. The study also confirmed the reliability and adequacy of the models for accurate prediction of the responses since R-squared (R2) values obtained were greater than 90%.ConclusionIt was inferred from the present study that the adequacy of the models validated the potency ofA. vogeliileaves graphically in the amelioration of Cd-induced oxidative stress in the serum of Wistar rats. Hence, the plant was considered a rich source of bioactive compounds with significant antioxidant properties.
The Voices of Keti Chukhrov: Radical Poetics after the Soviet Union
Authors: Bozovic Marijeta 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The newest Russian poetic avant-garde wields highly aware appropriations and remediations in stark opposition to mainstream cultural phenomena, including nostalgia for the imperial and militant aestheticized politics of the Soviet Union. Efforts to think leftward beyond the state socialist past to a global egalitarian future challenge both Russian and “Western” narratives in our increasingly interconnected world. The Georgian-born Russian-language poet Keti Chukhrov, in particular, theorizes powerlessness in deeply local yet globally familiar ways. Despite the many voices rumbling through her work, Chukhrov’s theses are consistent: art must be communist; all desire, even faked, is political eros; and the post-Soviet subject is not even dead. Chukhrov embeds her politics in institutional critique, lends her labor to collectives and collaborations, and refracts her poetic voice into multitudes.
Reading the Fine Print: State Considerations for Medicaid Buy-In Plans
Authors: Sandoe Emma , Golberstein Ezra 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
States that are pursuing Medicaid buy-in plans have considerable options in designing a plan to meet their goals. Buy-in plans will reflect key decisions on four major issues: 1) whether plans are sold on or off exchange, 2) whether plans are run by the state or a Medicaid Managed Care Organization, 3) who is eligible to purchase plans, and 4) which benefits and providers will be covered and at what payment rates. Our goal is to clarify the implications of these choices with respect to the goals and with respect to the tradeoffs each choice would involve.
Theoretical Studies of Structures and Conformational Analysis of Anthracene-2,7-diyl Cyclic Oligomers
Authors: Toyota Shinji , Wakamatsu Kan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The structures and conformation of anthracene-2,7-diyl cyclic oligomers were investigated by DFT calculations. The energy minimum and transition state structures of the oligomers ranging from pentamer to nonamer were optimized at the M05-2X/6-31G(d) level. The mechanisms of conformational interconversion were analyzed on the basis of the calculated structures and the thermodynamic energies. The number of structures and the conformational flexibility rapidly increased with increasing ring size. In the stable structures, the dihedral angles between the anthracene units were ca. ±40° or ±140°, and the obtuse angles appeared only in large oligomers. We estimated the cavity size of the cyclic oligomers from the calculated structures and their strain energies by thermochemical calculations of the homodesmotic reactions.
Cancer incidence after childhood irradiation for tinea capitis in a Portuguese cohort
Authors: Antunes Luís , Bento Maria José , Sobrinho-Simões Manuel , Soares Paula , Boaventura Paula 
Published: November 2019

Objectives:
Our aim was to compare cancer incidence in a cohort exposed in childhood (1950–63) to a therapeutic dose of radiation in the North of Portugal and followed-up until the end of 2012, with the incidence rates for the same age and sex in the general population.

Methods:
A population-based North Region cancer registry (RORENO) was used to assess which members of the cohort developed cancer. The association between radiation exposure and overall and specific cancer sites was evaluated using standardised incidence ratios (SIR).

Results:
Over the full follow-up period, 3357 individuals of the 5356 original tinea capitis (TC) cohort (63%) were retrieved in the RORENO, and 399 new cancer cases were identified, representing an increased risk of 49% when compared with the general population (SIR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.35–1.64). The risk was slightly higher in males than in females (SIR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.43–1.89 vs SIR = 1.35; CI = 1.17–1.55). The risk was slightly higher in the individuals exposed to a higher radiation dose (SIR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.22–2.51 for ≥630 R vs SIR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.31–1.62 for 325–475 R). In females, there was an excess cancer risk in all cancers with the higher radiation dose (SIR = 2.00; 95% CI: 1.21–3.13 for ≥630 R vs SIR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.11–1.51 for 325–475 R) which was not observed in males, and for combined dose categories significantly raised SIRs for thyroid and head and neck cancer, suggesting a possible higher radiosensitivity of females. An increased risk was also observed for some cancers located far from the irradiated area.

Conclusions:
The results suggest an association between radiation exposure and later increased cancer risk for cancers located near the radiation exposed area, mainly thyroid, and head and neck cancers. Further studies are necessary to disentangle possible non-radiation causes for distant cancers increased risk.

Advances in knowledge:
This paper shows a possible association between childhood X-ray epilation and increased risk of cancer which was not previously investigated in the Portuguese TC cohort.
Non-contraceptive benefits of hormonal contraception
Authors: Cooper Michelle , Boog Katie 
Published: November 2019

Hormonal contraception can provide reliable protection against unintended pregnancy, as well as a broad range of non-contraceptive benefits. Dr Michelle Cooper and Dr Katie Boog give an overview of these benefits Beyond their primary role of preventing pregnancy, hormonal contraceptives provide a number of non-contraceptive benefits including a reduction in menstrual pain and bleeding, improvement in acne and a decrease in the lifetime risk of cancer of the ovaries and endometrium. They are also widely used in the management of a number of gynaecological conditions including endometriosis, premenstrual syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome. Although the risks may outweigh the benefits when a method is used solely for contraception, the risk-benefit profile may change when it is also used for a medical indication. Potential non-contraceptive benefits should be discussed with all women when considering the most appropriate form of contraception to suit their needs.
Midterm results of radiocapitellar arthroplasty of the elbow
Authors: Giannicola Giuseppe , Calella Piergiorgio , Bigazzi Prospero , Mantovani Alberto , Spinello Paolo , Cinotti Gianluca 
Published: November 2019

Aims The aim of this study was to analyze the results of two radiocapitellar prostheses in a large case series followed prospectively, with medium-term follow-up. Patients and Methods A total of 31 patients with a mean age of 54 years (27 to 73) were analyzed; nine had primary osteoarthritis (OA) and 17 had post-traumatic OA, three had capitellar osteonecrosis, and two had a fracture. Overall, 17 Lateral Resurfacing Elbow (LRE) and 14 Uni-Elbow Radio-Capitellum Implant (UNI-E) arthroplasties were performed. Pre- and postoperative assessment involved the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Q-DASH) score, and the modified American Shoulder Elbow Surgeons (m-ASES) score. Results The mean follow-up was 6.8 years (3.8 to 11.5). The mean MEPS, m-ASES, and Q-DASH scores improved significantly by 50 (p < 0.001), 55 (p < 0.001), and 54 points (p < 0.001), respectively, with no differences being detected between the implants. Preoperative pronation and supination were worse in patients in whom the UNI-E was used. Two patients with the UNI-E implant had asymptomatic evidence of gross loosening. Conclusion Radiocapitellar arthroplasty yielded a significant improvement in elbow function at a mean follow-up of 6.8 years, with a high implant survival rate when the LRE was used in patients with primary or post-traumatic OA, without radial head deformity, and when the UNI-E was used in patients in whom radial head excision was indicated. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1362–1369
Prospective randomized comparison of quality of regenerate in distraction osteogenesis of ringversusmonolateral fixator in patients with infected nonunion of the tibia using digital radiographs and CT
Authors: Rohilla Rajesh , Sharma Pankaj K. , Wadhwani Jitendra , Rohilla Seema , Beniwal Rajeev , Singh Roop , Devgan Ashish 
Published: November 2019

AimsIn this randomized study, we aimed to compare quality of regenerate in monolateral versus circular frame fixation in 30 patients with infected nonunion of tibia.Patients and MethodsBoth groups were comparable in demographic and injury characteristics. A phantom (aluminium step wedge of increasing thickness) was designed to compare the density of regenerate on radiographs. A CT scan was performed at three and six months postoperatively to assess regenerate density. A total of 30 patients (29 male, one female; mean age 32.54 years (18 to 60)) with an infected nonunion of a tibial fracture presenting to our tertiary institute between June 2011 and April 2016 were included in the study.ResultsThe regenerate mineralization on radiographs was comparable in both groups at two, four, six, and ten months’ follow-up but the rail fixator group had statistically significant higher grades of mineralization when compared with the circular frame group at eight and 12 months’ follow-up. The regenerate mineralization was also higher in the rail fixator group than in the circular frame group on CT at three and six months, although this difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionOverall, the regenerate mineralization was higher in the monolateral than the circular frame group. A monolateral fixator may be preferred in patients with infected nonunion of the tibia with bone defects up to 7 cm. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1416–1422.
Changes in muscle strength of the hip after rotational acetabular osteotomy
Authors: Enishi Tetsuya , Yagi Hideaki , Higuchi Tadahiro , Takeuchi Makoto , Sato Ryosuke , Yoshioka Shinji , Nakamura Masaru , Nakano Shunji 
Published: November 2019

AimsRotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) is an effective joint-preserving surgical treatment for acetabular dysplasia. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in muscle strength, gait speed, and clinical outcome in the operated hip after RAO over a one-year period using a standard protocol for rehabilitation.Patients and MethodsA total of 57 patients underwent RAO for acetabular dysplasia. Changes in muscle strength of the operated hip, 10 m gait speed, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) hip score, and factors correlated with hip muscle strength after RAO were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThree months postoperatively, the strength of the operated hip in flexion and abduction and gait speed had decreased from their preoperative levels. After six months, the strength of flexion and abduction had recovered to their preoperative level, as had gait speed. At one-year follow-up, significant improvements were seen in the strength of hip abduction and gait speed, but muscle strength in hip flexion remained at the preoperative level. The mean JOA score for hip function was 91.4 (51 to 100)) at one-year follow-up. Body mass index (BMI) showed a negative correlation with both strength of hip flexion (r = -0.4203) and abduction (r = -0.4589) one year after RAO. Although weak negative correlations were detected between strength of hip flexion one year after surgery and age (r = -0.2755) and centre-edge (CE) angle (r = -0.2989), no correlation was found between the strength of abduction and age and radiological evaluations of CE angle and acetabular roof obliquity (ARO).ConclusionHip muscle strength and gait speed had recovered to their preoperative levels six months after RAO. The clinical outcome at one year was excellent, although the strength of hip flexion did not improve to the same degree as that of hip abduction and gait speed. A higher BMI may result in poorer recovery of hip muscle strength after RAO. Radiologically, acetabular coverage did not affect the recovery of hip muscle strength at one year’s follow-up. A more intensive rehabilitation programme may improve this. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1459–1463.
The use of 4D-CT in assessing wrist kinematics and pathology
Authors: White Jordy , Couzens Greg , Jeffery Chris 
Published: November 2019

The wrist is a complex joint involving many small bones and complicated kinematics. It has, therefore, been traditionally difficult to image and ascertain information about kinematics when making a diagnosis. Although MRI and fluoroscopy have been used, they both have limitations. Recently, there has been interest in the use of 4D-CT in imaging the wrist. This review examines the literature regarding the use of 4D-CT in imaging the wrist to assess kinematics and its ability to diagnose pathology. Some questions remain about the description of normal ranges, the most appropriate method of measuring intercarpal stability, the accuracy compared with established standards, and the place of 4D-CT in postoperative assessment. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1325–1330.
Open reduction and internal fixation of clavicular fractures after a delay of three months is associated with an increased risk of complications and revision surgery
Authors: Nicholson Jamie A. , Gribbin Harriet , Clement Nick D. , Robinson Christopher M. 
Published: November 2019

Aims The primary aim of this study was to determine if delayed clavicular fixation results in a greater risk of operative complications and revision surgery. Patients and Methods A retrospective case series was undertaken of all displaced clavicular fractures that underwent plate fixation over a ten-year period (2007 to 2017). Patient demographics, time to surgery, complications, and mode of failure were collected. Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors contributing towards operative complications. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine if a potential ‘safe window’ exists from injury to delayed surgery. Propensity score matching was used to construct a case control study for comparison of risk. Results A total of 259 patients were included in the analysis. Postoperative infection occurred in 3.9% of all patients (n = 10); the only variable associated was a greater time interval from injury to fixation (p = 0.001). Failed primary surgery requiring revision fixation was required in 7.7% of the cohort (n = 20), with smoking (p < 0.001), presence of a postoperative infection (p < 0.001), increasing age (p = 0.018), and greater time delay from injury to surgery (p = 0.015) identified as significant independent predictors on regression analysis. ROC analysis revealed that surgery beyond 96 days from injury increased the rate of major complications and revision surgery. Using a matched case cohort of cases before (n = 67) and after (n = 77) the ‘safe window’, the risk of postoperative infection increased (odds ratio (OR) 7.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9 to 62.9; p = 0.028), fixation failure (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 12.1; p = 0.017) and revision surgery (OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.5 to 15.0; p = 0.004). Conclusion A delay to primary fixation of up to three months following injury may be acceptable, beyond which there is an increased risk of major operative complications and revision surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1385–1391.
Total hip arthroplasty planning
Authors: Colombi Alessandro , Schena Daniele , Castelli Claudio Carlo 
Published: November 2019

Preoperative planning is mandatory to achieve the restoration of a correct and personalized biomechanics of the hip. The radiographic review is the first and fundamental step in the planning. Limb or pelvis malpositioning during the review results in mislead planning. Correct templating is possible using three different methods: acetate templating on digital X-ray, digital 2D templating on digital X-ray and 3D digital templating on CT scan. Time efficiency, costs, reproducibility and accuracy must be considered when comparing different templating methods. Based on these parameters, acetate templating should not be abandoned; digital templating allows a permanent record of planning and can be electronically viewed by different members of surgical team; 3D templating is intrinsically more accurate. There is no evidence in the few recently published studies that 3D templating impacts positively on clinical outcomes except in difficult cases. The transverse acetabular ligament (TAL) is a reliable intraoperative soft tissue reference to set cup position. Spine–hip relations in osteoarthritic patients undergoing hip joint replacement must be considered. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:626-632. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180075
MULHERES NEGRAS CONTANDO SUAS PRÓPRIAS HISTÓRIAS: TRAJETÓRIAS DE ATIVISTAS NEGRA NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Da Silva Vanessa Rodrigues 
Published: November 2019

Este estudo é parte da pesquisa “Por Diferentes Caminhos chegamos ao Movimento de Mulheres Negras: Trajetórias de Ativistas negras da década 1980 no Rio Grande do Sul” que investigou a trajetória de três ativistas negras do RS. A História Oral foi o principal suporte deste trabalho, as entrevistas foram conduzidas a fim de perceber a relação entre história social e trajetórias individuais com a intenção de acompanhar, suas trajetórias de vida, até a inserção nos movimentos sociais (MS) e observar como se articularam as percepções de raça e gênero e como estas influenciaram suas identidades, bem como suas formações políticas Os ativismos dessas mulheres, têm demonstrado que os MS tem conseguido expandir a política de raça e de gênero para locais em que elas antes não eram consideradas ou eram invisibilizadas.