bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROCESSO DE TRABALHO DO FARMACÊUTICO NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA E SECUNDÁRIA: REVISÃO CRÍTICA
Authors: Renovato Rogério Dias 
Published: April 2020

Este estudo teve por objetivo conhecer, compreender e analisar o processo de trabalho do farmacêutico no âmbito da assistência farmacêutica na atenção primária à saúde (APS), por meio de revisão crítica de pesquisas realizadas no Brasil. A amostra consistiu em 3 artigos e 9 dissertações, cuja busca empregou o descritor “assistência farmacêutica”, considerando publicações até dezembro de 2016. O processo de trabalho do farmacêutico na APS se expandiu após a instituição da Política Nacional de Assistência Farmacêutica (PNAF), em 2004. Apesar desse avanço, foi ecidenciada a ausência do farmacêutico. E a dispensação, às vezes, foi delegada a profissionais não farmacêuticos. A sobrecarga do farmacêutico pode constituir uma das barreiras para que seu processo de trabalho envolva mais atividades técnico‑assistenciais. Esforços devem ser feitos para implantar sistematicamente a formação continuada desse profissional, inserindo‑o no campo da saúde coletiva e da farmácia clínica, possibilitando, assim, que o cuidado farmacêutico atenda às necessidades de saúde da população e preencha as lacunas nas atividades assistenciais.
Breeding population dynamics of Common Tern Sterna hirundo and associated gull species with overview of conservation management in continental Slovenia
Authors: Denac Damijan , Božič Luka 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
An overview of the long-term (1980–2019) population development of colonial Laridae species in continental part of Slovenia, their nest sites at anthropogenic water bodies, and various conservation measures with special focus on Common Tern Sterna hirundo along the Slovenian/border part of the Drava River is given. Breeding of these species occurs only on the westernmost fringes of the Pannonian plain, on lowland floodplains of the main rivers of the Danube Basin. Altogether, breeding of Common Tern and Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus was recorded at 11 and 10 sites, respectively. Lake Ptuj is the single site with mixed-species colony residing there in all years of the study period, while at Ormož (two sites) it was established during the early 1990s in the Slovenian territory but moved completely to the Croatian side by the second half of the 2010s. At all other sites, a suitable breeding habitat became available or was provided by management in just a few years, or created only recently. The percentage of Common Tern national population breeding in continental Slovenia was usually well above 50% throughout the 1980s and 1990s (52–136 pairs), while in the last 16 years (77–258 pairs) it ranged between 40.8% and 69.0%. Breeding of Black-headed Gull remains largely limited to continental Slovenia. Overall, continental populations of both species in the last few years have been substantially higher compared to the most of the study period. Long-term trends were estimated as a moderate increase for Common Tern and a strong increase for Black-headed Gull. Since 2006, the Mediterranean Gull L. melanocephalus has been a regular breeder at Lake Ptuj (up to 28 pairs), the only such site in Slovenia. Three general types of conservation measures implemented at different nesting locations are described in detail: (1) measures to create/increase the total surface of breeding habitat – the construction of new breeding structures, such as artificial islands and nesting rafts, (2) measures to maintain and enhance breeding habitat through recurring management activities, and (3) measures aimed to increase chick/nest survival and improve breeding success.
Area use and important areas for Common Tern Sterna hirundo inland populations breeding in Slovenia and Croatia
Authors: Tome Davorin , Martinović Miloš , Kralj Jelena , Božič Luka , Basle Tilen , Jurinović Luka 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
During the breeding periods of 2018 and 2019 we investigated the extent of areas Common Terns Sterna hirundo use while searching for food. We used GPS-UHF tags to follow the movements of 23 terns from Slovenia (7 individuals) and Croatia (16 individuals). We investigated the movements of birds from three breeding sites, i.e. Lakes Ptuj, Siromaja 2 and Rakitje. Conclusions are based on 43,105 locations which were collected with a frequency of one reading per 20 minutes during the day and one reading per 4 hours during the night.
In Slovenia, terns used a 60 km long and narrow area over Stara struga Drave (former river-bed of the Drava River) between Ormož and Maribor as well as eleven fishponds / lakes in its surroundings, most of them in the Pesnica valley. The most distant location was 30 km of straight line from breeding islands, but it was visited only once by a single tern. The areas with the most locations, hence important areas, were Lake Ptuj, Drava at Ptuj, Stara struga Drave between Ptuj and Rošnja and about 20 km distant Lakes Radehova and Gradiško. These were probably the most important feeding areas for Common Terns breeding on Lake Ptuj. In Croatia, terns were found along the Sava almost exclusively, with only a few visits more than 2 km from the river. The most distant locations were over 60 km away from the breeding grounds, but terns visited them only rarely. Most locations of terns nesting on Siromaja were within a 5 km radius, while terns from Rakitje were making regular flights to waters up to 23 km from their colony. The area with the most locations visited by terns from both colonies was the Sava at Hrušćica. Besides, birds from the Rakitje colony were frequently recorded on the Sava near Savica and waterbodies within 5 km of the colony. These were probably the most important feeding areas for Common Terns breeding around Zagreb.
First data on breeding success of Croatian inland colonies of Common TernSterna hirundo
Authors: Martinović Miloš , Kralj Jelena , Rubinić Tomica , Jurinović Luka , Petrović Ana , Svetličić Ida 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn 2018 and 2019, the breeding success of two Common Tern colonies on artificial lakes near the River Sava in Zagreb, Croatia, was studied. The colonies were visited weekly from May to July and we collected data on phenology, number of breeding pairs, clutch size as well as egg and chick survival. We also conducted a comparison between early and late breeders. Hatching and fledging success was within previously observed ranges, apart from a low hatching success on Siromaja in 2019. The smaller colony on Siromaja had a higher productivity in both years than the colony on Rakitje, although in 2018 an avian pox virus killed much of the late chicks on Rakitje. Early breeders seem to have had higher hatching success and average clutch size. Furthermore, a greater proportion of them managed to hatch all their eggs compared to late breeders, but the differences were not statistically significant. Our study provided baseline data for future monitoring of phenology and breeding success with regard to the management of breeding colonies.
Perception verbs and the conceptualization of the senses: The case of Avatime
Authors: van Putten Saskia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLanguages differ in their number of basic verbs that describe perceptual experience. Some languages have only two such verbs: one for visual perception and another for non-visual perception. How do speakers of these languages conceptualize sensory perception? To shed light on this question, this paper investigates the perception verbsmɔ̀‘see’ andnu‘hear/feel/taste/smell’ in Avatime (Kwa, Niger-Congo). These verbs are studied together with the constructions in which they occur, using both translated data and spontaneous discourse. Both perception meanings and meanings outside the domain of perception are taken into account. The detailed picture that emerges shows some previously undocumented patterns of perception encoding and enriches our understanding of the conceptualization of the senses more generally.
Neural Coding of Thermal Preferences in the NematodeCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Matsuyama Hironori J. , Mori Ikue 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnimals are capable to modify sensory preferences according to past experiences. Surrounded by ever-changing environments, they continue assigning a hedonic value to a sensory stimulus. It remains to be elucidated however how such alteration of sensory preference is encoded in the nervous system. Here we show that past experiences alter temporal interaction between the calcium responses of sensory neurons and their postsynaptic interneurons in the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans.C. elegansexhibits thermotaxis, in which its temperature preference is modified by the past feeding experience: well-fed animals are attracted toward their past cultivation temperature on a thermal gradient, whereas starved animals lose that attraction. By monitoring calcium responses simultaneously from both AFD thermosensory neurons and their postsynaptic AIY interneurons in well-fed and starved animals under time-varying thermal stimuli, we found that past feeding experiences alter phase shift between AFD and AIY calcium responses. Furthermore, the difference in neuronal activities between well-fed and starved animals observed here are able to explain the difference in the behavioral output on a thermal gradient between well-fed and starved animals. Although previous studies have shown thatC. elegansexecutes thermotaxis by regulating amplitude or frequency of the AIY response, our results proposed a new mechanism by which thermal preference is encoded by phase shift between AFD and AIY activities. Given these observations, thermal preference is likely to be computed on synapses between AFD and AIY neurons. Such a neural strategy may enable animals to enrich information processing within defined connectivity via dynamic alterations of synaptic communication.
Improving Virtual Reality Applications in CAD through Semantics
Authors: Toro Carlos , Posada Jorge , Wundrak Stefan , Stork André 
Published: April 2020

In this article we propose an architecture for the inclusion and exploitation of semantic aspects in a CAD environment. Our schema focuses on the enhancement and improvement of a commercial (general purpose) CAD system on its Virtual Reality (VR) capabilities. There is a need in combining CAD and semantics in the new generation of computer assisted engineering systems. Usually semantic aspects in traditional CAD applications relay on the user’s tacit knowledge, a fact that slows the learning curve while the user is getting trained with a new tool, no matter if he is an expert in others. Moreover, current CAD programs offer a myriad of options to the designer, but their limited integration of the non geometric information (e.g. PDM systems), and in general the semantics of the design process, can still be improved for the current needs of the industry. We argue that the use of semantics could improve the workflow and capabilities of the software and would benefit a new user (non experienced one) in order to produce better results in shorter times. In this paper our main focus is the enhancement of the visualization and VR capabilities in generic CAD applications. Our semantic CAD framework uses ontology modeling as well as engineering standards in order to conceptualize and exploit the information contained in a CAD model. To show some benefits of our proposed schema, we present two cases in different engineering domains (plant design and Steel detailing design), where the inclusion of semantics empowers a VR experience.
Follow-up Study on the Effects of Tendon Transfers and Open Reduction on Moderate Glenohumeral Joint Deformity in Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
Authors: Vuillermin Carley , Bauer Andrea S. , Kalish Leslie A. , Lewine Eliza B. , Bae Donald S. , Waters Peter M. 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Soft-tissue contractures about the shoulder in patients with brachial plexus birth injury are common and can lead to progressive shoulder displacement and glenohumeral dysplasia. Open or arthroscopic reduction with musculotendinous lengthening and tendon transfers have become the standard of care. The clinical function and radiographic joint remodeling beyond the first 2 years after surgery are not well understood.

Methods:
We performed a follow-up study of 20 patients with preexisting mild to moderate glenohumeral joint deformity who had undergone open glenohumeral joint reduction with latissimus dorsi and teres major tendon transfers and concomitant musculotendinous lengthening of the pectoralis major and/or subscapularis. Prospective collection of Modified Mallet and Active Movement Scale (AMS) scores and radiographic analysis of cross-sectional imaging for glenoid version, humeral head subluxation, and glenohumeral joint deformity classification were analyzed for changes over time.

Results:
The average duration of radiographic follow-up was 4.2 years (range, 2 to 6 years). The mean glenoid version improved from −31.8° to −15.4° (p < 0.0001). The mean percentage of the humeral head anterior to the middle of the glenoid (PHHA) improved from 9.6% to 30.4% (p < 0.0001). The mean glenohumeral joint deformity score improved from 3.7 to 2.1 (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
All parameters showed the greatest magnitude of improvement between preoperative measurements and 1 year of follow-up. There were no significant changes beyond the 1-year time point in the Mallet scores, AMS scores, or radiographic outcome measures, possibly because of insufficient power, although trends of improvement were noted for some outcomes. No decline in outcome measures was found during the study period.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Prognostic Value of a Novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Classification for Septic Arthritis of the Shoulder
Authors: Rhee Sung-Min , Lee Dong Ki , Park Ji Seon , Rhee Yong Girl 
Published: April 2020

Background:
The purposes of the present study were (1) to create a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based classification system for septic shoulder arthritis and to show the results of arthroscopic debridement based on the classification in eradicating the infection, and (2) to determine the distribution of the Gächter stages, which are determined on the basis of arthroscopic findings only, in each grade of the novel classification system.

Methods:
The present study included 31 patients who underwent arthroscopic debridement for the treatment of acute septic arthritis of the shoulder between January 2001 and December 2015. The mean duration of follow-up was 2.3 years. The included patients were assessed with use of a novel classification system based on preoperative radiographic and MRI findings. MRI findings were classified as Grade I (only synovitis or joint effusion), Grade II (marrow edema in the bare area of the humeral head), Grade III (cartilaginous erosion), Grade IV (osseous erosion), and Grade V (osseous erosion on MRI also observed on radiographs). No changes on radiographs were observed in Grades I to IV. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for interobserver and intraobserver reliability were calculated.

Results:
The overall reinfection rate was 54.8% (17 of 31). Among patients with Grade-I, II, III, IV, and V involvement, the reinfection rates were 0 of 4, 1 of 6, 2 of 4, 9 of 12, and 5 of 5, respectively. A diverse distribution of Gächter stages were found in each grade of the novel classification system, with the exception of Grade V. The ICCs for interobserver and intraobserver reliability were 0.81 and 0.80 for the novel classification system. The ICCs for interobserver and intraobserver reliability were 0.75 and 0.78 for Gächter stages.

Conclusions:
This novel classification system for the grading of acute shoulder infections on the basis of radiographs and MRI allows preoperative grading of septic arthritis to be performed objectively. Patients who were classified as Grade III or higher in the novel classification system had higher reinfection rates than those who were classified as Grade I or II and required more aggressive treatment to eradicate the infection.
Spiral artery blood flow during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Schiffer Veronique , Evers Laura , de Haas Sander , Ghossein Chahinda , Al-Nasiry Salwan , Spaanderman Marc 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Downstream remodeling of the spiral arteries (SpA) decreases utero-placental resistance drastically, allowing sustained and increased blood flow to the placenta at all circumstances. We systematically evaluated available reports to visualize adaptation of spiral arteries throughout pregnancy by ultra-sonographic measurements and evaluated when this process is completed. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of spiral artery flow (pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI) and peak systolic velocity (PSV)) was performed. English articles were obtained from Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library and included articles were assessed on quality and risk of bias. Weighted means of Doppler indices were calculated using a random-effects model. Results: In healthy pregnancies, PI and RI decreased from 0.80 (95% CI: 0.70-0.89) and 0.50 (95% CI: 0.47-0.54) in the first trimester to 0.50 (95% CI: 0.45-0.55, p<0.001) and 0.39 (95% CI: 0.37-0.42, p<0.001) in the second trimester and to 0.49 (95% CI: 0.44-0.53, p=0.752) and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.35-0.38, p=0.037) in the third trimester, respectively. In parallel, PSV altered from 0.22 m/s (95% CI: 0.13-0.30 m/s) to 0.28 m/s (95% CI: 0.17-0.40 m/s, p=0.377) and to 0.25 m/s (95% CI: 0.20-0.30 m/s, p=0.560) in the three trimesters. In absence of second and third trimester Doppler data in complicated gestation, only a difference in PI was observed between complicated and healthy pregnancies during the first trimester (1.49 vs 0.80, p<0.001). Although individual studies have identified differences in PI between SpA located in the central part of the placental bed versus those located at its periphery, this meta-analysis could not confirm this (p=0.349). Conclusions: This review and meta-analysis concludes that an observed decrease of SpA PI and RI from the first towards the second trimester parallels the physiological trophoblast invasion converting SpA during early gestation, a process completed in the midst of the second trimester. Higher PI was found in SpA of complicated pregnancies compared to healthy pregnancies, possibly reflecting suboptimal utero-placental circulation. Longitudinal studies examining comprehensively the predictive value of spiral artery Doppler for complicated pregnancies are yet to be carried out.
Constructing Stability – A Classic Grounded Theory Of Next-Of-Kin In Palliative Cancer Care
Authors: Harstade Carina Werkander , Sandgren Anna 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Being next-of-kin to someone with cancer requiring palliative care involves a complex life situation. Changes in roles and relationships might occur and the next-of-kin thereby try to adapt by being involved in the ill person’s experiences and care even though they can feel unprepared for the care they are expected to provide. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a classic grounded theory of next-of-kin in palliative cancer care. Method: Forty-two next-of-kin to persons with cancer in palliative phase or persons who had died from cancer were interviewed. Theoretical sampling was used during data collection. The data was analysed using classic Grounded Theory methodology to conceptualize patterns of human behaviour. Results: Constructing stability emerged as the pattern of behaviour through which next-of-kin deal with their main concern; struggling with helplessness . This helplessness includes an involuntary waiting for the inevitable. The waiting causes sadness and frustration, which in turn increases the helplessness. The theory involves; Shielding, Acknowledging the reality, Going all in, Putting up boundaries, Asking for help, and Planning for the inescapable . These strategies can be used separately or simultaneously and they can also overlap each other. There are several conditions that may impact the theory Constructing stability , which strategies are used, and what the outcomes might be. Some conditions that emerged in this theory are time, personal finances, attitudes from extended family and friends and availability of healthcare resources. Conclusions: The theory shows the complexities of being next-of-kin to someone receiving palliative care, while striving to construct stability. This theory can increase healthcare professionals’ awareness of how next-of-kin struggle with helplessness and thus generates insight into how to support them in this struggle. Keywords cancer, constructing stability, grounded theory, next-of-kin, palliative care
Individual and community-level factors associated with unmet need for contraception among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. A multi-level analysis of 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Yalew Melaku , Adane Bezawit , Kefale Bereket , Damtie Yitayish 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: There is limited evidence on the unmet need for contraceptives among married reproductive-age women especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess individual and community-level factors associated with unmet need for contraception among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia.
Method: A secondary analysis was done on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset which were collected cross-sectional. A total of 9,056 women who were fecund, married and/or sexually active were included in the analysis. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression analysis was done by STATA version 14.0 to identify individual and community-level factors. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of the association and statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05.
Result: Factors significantly associated with unmet need were; ages of women between 45-49 years [AOR=2.25, 95% CI: (1.34, 3.79)], greater than or equal to three living children [AOR=1.87, 95 % CI: (1.40, 2.49)], belong to richer household [AOR=0.73, 95% CI: (0.54, 0.97)], Muslim followers [AOR=1.37, 95% CI: (1.02, 1.83)], married more than once [AOR=1.31, 95 % CI: (1.06, 1.62)]. From community level variables, belong to Somali region [AOR=0.34, 95% CI: (0.19, 0.61)] were significantly associated with unmet need.
Conclusion: Both individual and community-level factors were significant determinants of unmet need. From individual-level factors: advanced ages of women, many total numbers of living children, live in the richer wealth quintile, being Muslim follower and married more than once and from community-level variables: belong to the Somali region were significantly associated with unmet need for contraception. The findings suggested that health care providers should mainly focus on women nearly on menopauses, who live in the poorest household and who had many numbers of living children and married more than once to decrease the unmet need for contraceptives.