bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AN IN-VITRO ANTIBIOFILM ACTIVITY OF CHLORELLA VULGARIS
Authors: SRIDEVI NS  , DHANUSHA V  , RAJESWARI M  , SANTHI N  
Published: December 2019

Objective: Most of the microbial infection in the body is through biofilm formation. Quorum sensing (QS) is the key regulator in the biofilm formation in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Therefore, interfering with QS is the current strategy to prevent bacterial infection.
Methods: In this study, the effect of various extracts of freshwater microalgae – Chlorella vulgaris on the growth of clinical pathogens – Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus which were studied using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), antibiofilm activity, and (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay using 96-well flat bottom microtiter plates. The phytochemical analysis of C. vulgaris was also carried using standard procedure.
Results: The petroleum ether, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanolic and acetone extract of C. vulgaris showed the presence of carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and phenolic compounds. The MIC value of methanolic extract of C. vulgaris was found to be 1 mg/ml. The highest inhibition of 82.5% and 88.0% was shown by methanolic extract at a concentration of 1 mg/ml for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, respectively. The antibiofilm activity by crystal violet and MTT assay confirmed the reduction of biofilm formation in both pathogenic organisms.
Conclusion: The present results suggested the possible use of C. vulgaris in attenuation of QS and biofilm formation to control pathogenic bacteria – P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.
THE METAL COMPLEXES OF NOVEL SCHIFF BASE CONTAINING ISATIN: CHARACTERIZATION, ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY STUDY
Authors: VAIRALAKSHMI M  , PRINCESS R  , JOHNSON RAJA S  
Published: December 2019

Objectives: The aim of our work was to synthesize novel mixed ligand-metal complexes and evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant assay, and analysis of catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane.
Methods: The complexes were characterized by means of various physicochemical techniques such as elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, infrared (IR), electronic absorption, 1H NMR (proton magnetic resonance), and mass spectral studies. The antimicrobial screening study was done by disc diffusion method. The catalytic activity of the complexes was observed in the oxidation of cyclohexane using eco-friendly hydrogen peroxide as oxidant.
Results: On comparing the 1H NMR and IR spectral data of free ligand and its complexes, it was found to be azomethine (CH=N) proton which is formed in the free ligand. During complexation, the azomethine proton is coordinated to the metal ion and the phenolic oxygen is coordinated to the metal ion by deprotonation. The analytical data and mass spectra of the ligand and the complexes confirm the stoichiometry of metal complexes as being of the (MLY)Cl type and the metal to ligand ratio is 1:1. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and catalytic potential were evaluated and the result shows the better activity of the complexes than the ligand.
Conclusion: It was found to be copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes which are effective against all the bacteria when compared to standard drug streptomycin. Copper(II) complex was found to be effective antibacterial agent against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus in comparison to the standard drug Nystatin. The zinc complex exhibited good catalytic activity.
PROTECTIVE OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SAUSSUREA LAPPA AGAINST PARACETAMOL-INDUCED HEPATIC AND RENAL DAMAGE IN MALE RABBITS
Authors: MARIAM A KADHEM  
Published: December 2019

Objective: The objective of our study is to investigate the effect of the ethanolic extract of Saussurea lappa against paracetamol-induced hepatorenal toxicity in male rabbits.
Methods: Eighteen male rabbits were used for this study and were divided into three groups of six rabbits each. Group 1: Rabbits were the normal (negative control), Group 2: (Positive control) Rabbits were administered paracetamol at dose 300 mg/kg body weight (B.W) for 14 day, and Group 3: Rabbits received paracetamol at dose 300 mg/kg B.W then treated with ethanolic extract of S. lappa at dose 300 mg/kg B.W for 14 day.
Results: The obtained results showed a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in B.W, red blood cells count, white blood cells count, neutrophil, total protein, and albumin with significant (p≤0.05) increase in lymphocyte, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, and malondialdehyde in rabbits of positive control group, histological studies showed many pathological changes in liver and kidney when compared with negative control group. The oral administration of the ethanolic extract of S. lappa significantly protected the hepatic and kidney cells from damage, the hematological and biochemical parameters were also almost normal in extract treated rabbits compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Our study indicates that the roots of S. lappa act as antioxidant substance and have hepato and renoprotective effect against toxicity induced by paracetamol.
EVALUATION OF NUCLEAR CHANGES IN THE BUCCAL EPITHELIAL CELLS OF TOBACCO USERS IN NNEWI, SOUTH EAST NIGERIA
Authors: SAMUEL IFEDIORANMA OGENYI1  , ANTHONY AJULUCHUKWUNGOKERE  , JONATHAN MADUKWE  
Published: December 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate nuclear changes in the buccal epithelial cells of commercial bus drivers using tobacco in Nnewi. Tobacco use constitutes a major risk factor of oral lesions, due to its genotoxic and mutagenic effects on the buccal cavity epithelial cells.
Methods: One hundred and twenty-three subjects, consisting of 83 tobacco users (test group) and 40 tobacco and alcohol non-users (control group) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Buccal smear was obtained from each participant, processed, and stained with the Papanicolaou staining method. Two hundred cells were counted for each stained slide and the percentage of various nuclear changes determined, and the repair index calculated. Comparisons of nuclear changes between and within groups were carried out using the Kruskal–Wallis H-test with p<0.05 considered significant.
Results: Micronuclei were the most prevalent nuclear changes (100%) while broken egg nuclei were the least (15.2%). Nuclear changes were most prevalent among snuffers (33.42%). A statistically significant difference (p˂0.05) was observed when the median values of nuclear changes were compared in different study groups and control subjects. Similarly, the prevalence of nuclear changes increased with the age of subjects and the duration of tobacco use, whereas the repair index decreased with increased prevalence.
Conclusion: Increased nuclear changes were observed in the buccal epithelial cells of tobacco users, with snuff inhalation slightly impacting more severe effects than cigarette smoking. Buccal smear cytology may constitute an effective screening method for precancerous lesions amongst tobacco users.
Herbal antimicrobial gel with leaf extract of Cassia alata L.
Authors: Iraqui Parbin , Chakraborty Tapash , Das Malay K. , Yadav R.N.S 
Published: December 2019

Topical application of antimicrobials at the site of infection offer greater advantages as compared to systemic therapy. The present study reports for the first time, the in vivo wound healing potential of an herbal antimicrobial gel containing pure bioactive leaf extract of Cassia alata L. The methanolic leaf extract exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against the tested bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 9542) and fungi (Candida albicans MTCC 4842) due to the presence of alcohol and ketone containing bioactive moieties. A 1% (w/w) bioactive leaf extract based-hydrogel was formulated and evaluated for its wound healing potential in rat model with surgical site infection in the dorsal area. This herbal gel significantly enhanced the wound healing as assessed by the contraction of wound length and bio burden characteristics compared to the marketed antimicrobial formulations. The formulated herbal gel could find use as very promising and innovative topical alternative for the treatment of skin infections caused by bacteria as well as fungal strains without hazard to human health based on the fact of its traditional use by the Assamese people with no toxic effects.
Keywords: Cassia alata L.; methanolic leaf extracts; antimicrobial gel; antibacterial; antifungal; wound healing
Extraction, Phytochemical Screening, Isolation and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Extract of the plant Euphorbia Thymifolia Linn
Authors: Shrivastava Rashmi , Mishra Jyotsana 
Published: December 2019

Medicinal plants play an important role in the development of potent therapeutic agents. Plant based drugs provide outstanding contribution to modern therapeutics as a source of many valuable secondary metabolites which serves as plant defense mechanisms against predator such as microorganism, insects and herbivores which have been proved to be potentially active compounds. Euphorbia Thymifolia Linn (E. Thymifolia) is commonly known as ‘duddi’ or in Sanskrit means Laghu didhika or Raktavindaka. It belongs to the family Euphorbiceae. This plant is bitter, acrid, sweet and used as thermogenic, laxative and diuretic. This plant is widely used in the ayurveda to cure many diseases like vitiated condition of constipation, helminthiasis and ringworm skin diseases and leprosy. The aim of the present study is to examine E.Thymifolia Linn whole plant for phytochemical profile, Isolation and Identification of bioactive compounds. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents was determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. Isolation and characterization of bioactive compound from methanolic extract of E. Thymifolia has been conducted. The bioactive compound from methanolic extracts was isolated by several processes, such as TLC, column chromatography and preparative TLC. The isolated bioactive compound is identified by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FT-IR, 1H, 13C-NMR and Mass. The obtained compound is continued to the preparative TLC using chloroform: methanol (50:50, v/v) as eluent. The UV-Vis spectrum showed one peaks of maximum absorbance at 312.8nm. Then, the FT-IR spectrum showed several peaks that confirmed the presence of functional group of derivative of compound, i.e. 669.05, 928.58, 1070.85, 1215.51 and 1710.07cm-1. 1H and 13C-NMR spectrum confirmed the bioactive compound present in plant. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, tannins. The findings of the present study will be helpful to phytochemists, pharmacologists and pharmaceutical industries.
Keywords: Euphorbia Thymifolia, Qualitative phytochemical, Isolation, Bioactive compounds
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of pyrazole derivatives containing ethanone skeleton as Anti-inflammatory agents
Authors: MISHRA KHUSHBOO , Jain S. K. , Singour P. K. 
Published: December 2019

Current research had focused on the synthesis of the novel pyrazole ethanone linked compounds with improved biological activity. In this synthetic process 1st step was to synthesize the intermediate chalcone and 2nd step was the synthesis of final compound pyrazole derivative containing ethanone moiety. This procedure is the type of cyclization reaction using proton transfer mechanism. By using this method 8 derivatives synthesized. After synthesis these were subjected to identification tests by using various methods like melting point study, thin layer chromatography, solubility study and characterization by using UV, IR and NMR Spectroscopy.
Keywords: Selective COX-2 inhibitor, anti-inflammatory, pyrazole ethanone linked compounds, pyrazole derivatives, inflammation
Study of Antibacterial activity of Phyllanthus emblica and its role in Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Shah Pratibha Jinesh , Malik Ruchi 
Published: December 2019

Objective: Phyllanthus emblica L. or amla is known for its therapeutic properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of aqueous Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract (APE) against eight pathogenic cultures and its application in green synthesis of silver nanoparticles.
Methods: APE was screened for the presence of phytochemicals and its antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was quantified by broth macrodilution technique, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined. Further, APE was used in the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which were characterized by an Ultraviolet–visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy and Field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) techniques. The antibacterial activity of the AgNPs was screened by agar well diffusion assay.
Results: The zone of inhibition (ZOI) for APE was found to be in the range of 10.7–21.3 mm, for varying concentrations. The MIC values were in the range of 12.5% - 50% (v/v) and the MBC values indicated that a concentration of 50% (v/v) APE could kill 75% (6/8) test cultures. The presence of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-VIS spectroscopy and the surface-plasmon resonance peak was observed at 420 nm. The FEG-SEM analysis revealed that the most of AgNPs were spherical in shape and had 30-40 nm size range. All the test cultures were inhibited by the AgNPs and the average ZOI measured 19.25±2.7 mm.
Conclusion: Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract might have therapeutic significance against pathogens and it can be used for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles.
Keywords: Phyllanthus emblica, MIC, MBC, silver nanoparticles, UV-VIS, FEG-SEM.
Política Pública, Universidad y envejecimiento; achicando la brecha. La cuestión de los Hogares para personas adultas mayores en Rio Gallegos, Santa Cruz
Authors: Stettler Loreli , Oyarzo Valeria del Carmen , Ojeda Sara , Ivanissevich María Laura 
Published: December 2019

La concepción de la universidad pública como actor social y la reflexión del envejecimiento como un presente continuo en la existencia humana y como una cuestión tan personal como socio-comunitaria, han conducido un trabajo con resultados concretos como la sanción de un Ordenanza municipal y la organización de un congreso académico. La incidencia en la política pública y la inmersión en el terreno de los Hogares que cobijan personas adultas mayores son mostradas como una unidad con la investigación científica-técnica.
Genetic Discrimination Between LADA and Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Within the MHC
Authors: Mishra Rajashree , Åkerlund Mikael , Cousminer Diana L. , Ahlqvist Emma , Bradfield Jonathan P. , Chesi Alessandra , Hodge Kenyaita M. , Guy Vanessa C. , Brillon David J. , Pratley Richard E. , Rickels Michael R. , Vella Adrian , Ovalle Fernando , Harris Ronald I. , Melander Olle , Varvel Stephen , Hakonarson Hakon , Froguel Phillippe , Lonsdale John T. , Mauricio Didac , Schloot Nanette C. , Khunti Kamlesh , Greenbaum Carla J. , Yderstræde Knud B. , Tuomi Tiinamaija , Voight Benjamin F. , Schwartz Stanley , Boehm Bernhard O. , Groop Leif , Leslie Richard David , Grant Struan F.A. 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVE
The MHC region harbors the strongest loci for latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA); however, the strength of association is likely attenuated compared with that for childhood-onset type 1 diabetes. In this study, we recapitulate independent effects in the MHC class I region in a population with type 1 diabetes and then determine whether such conditioning in LADA yields potential genetic discriminators between the two subtypes within this region.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Chromosome 6 was imputed using SNP2HLA, with conditional analysis performed in type 1 diabetes case subjects (n = 1,985) and control subjects (n = 2,219). The same approach was applied to a LADA cohort (n = 1,428) using population-based control subjects (n = 2,850) and in a separate replication cohort (656 type 1 diabetes case, 823 LADA case, and 3,218 control subjects).

RESULTS
The strongest associations in the MHC class II region (rs3957146, β [SE] = 1.44 [0.05]), as well as the independent effect of MHC class I genes, on type 1 diabetes risk, particularly HLA-B*39 (β [SE] = 1.36 [0.17]), were confirmed. The conditional analysis in LADA versus control subjects showed significant association in the MHC class II region (rs3957146, β [SE] = 1.14 [0.06]); however, we did not observe significant independent effects of MHC class I alleles in LADA.

CONCLUSIONS
In LADA, the independent effects of MHC class I observed in type 1 diabetes were not observed after conditioning on the leading MHC class II associations, suggesting that the MHC class I association may be a genetic discriminator between LADA and childhood-onset type 1 diabetes.
Performance of the ESC 0/1-h and 0/3-h Algorithm for the Rapid Identification of Myocardial Infarction Without ST-Elevation in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Haller Paul M. , Boeddinghaus Jasper , Neumann Johannes T. , Sörensen Nils A. , Hartikainen Tau S. , Goßling Alina , Nestelberger Thomas , Twerenbold Raphael , Lehmacher Jonas , Keller Till , Zeller Tanja , Blankenberg Stefan , Mueller Christian , Westermann Dirk 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVE
Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have elevated levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn). We investigated the diagnostic performance of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) algorithms to rule out or rule in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) without ST-elevation in patients with DM.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We prospectively enrolled 3,681 patients with suspected AMI and stratified those by the presence of DM. The ESC 0/1-h and 0/3-h algorithms were used to calculate negative and positive predictive values (NPV, PPV). In addition, alternative cutoffs were calculated and externally validated in 2,895 patients.

RESULTS
In total, 563 patients (15.3%) had DM, and 137 (24.3%) of these had AMI. When the ESC 0/1-h algorithm was used, the NPV was comparable in patients with and without DM (absolute difference [AD] −1.50 [95% CI −5.95, 2.96]). In contrast, the ESC 0/3-h algorithm resulted in a significantly lower NPV in patients with DM (AD −2.27 [95% CI −4.47, −0.07]). The diagnostic performance for rule-in of AMI (PPV) was comparable in both groups: 0/1-h (AD 6.59 [95% CI −19.53, 6.35]) and 0/3-h (AD 8.82 [95% CI −1.08, 18.73]). Alternative cutoffs increased the PPV in both algorithms significantly, while improvements in NPV were only subtle.

CONCLUSIONS
Application of the ESC 0/1-h algorithm revealed comparable safety to rule out AMI comparing patients with and without DM, while this was not observed with the ESC 0/3-h algorithm. Although alternative cutoffs might be helpful, patients with DM remain a high-risk population in whom identification of AMI is challenging and who require careful clinical evaluation.
Risk of Psychiatric Disorders and Suicide Attempts in Emerging Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Robinson Marie-Eve , Simard Marc , Larocque Isabelle , Shah Jai , Nakhla Meranda , Rahme Elham 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVETo determine the longitudinal risks of psychiatric disorders in adolescents and emerging adults with versus without diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe conducted a retrospective cohort study in Quebec, Canada, using linked health administrative databases of adolescents (age 15 years) with and without diabetes and without prior psychiatric disorders between 1997 and 2015, followed to age 25 years.RESULTSOur cohort included 3,544 individuals with diabetes and 1,388,397 without diabetes. Individuals with diabetes were more likely to suffer from a mood disorder (diagnosed in the emergency department or hospital) (adjusted hazard ratio 1.33 [95% CI 1.19–1.50]), attempt suicide (3.25 [1.79–5.88]), visit a psychiatrist (1.82 [1.67–1.98]), and experience any type of psychiatric disorder (1.29 [1.21–1.37]) compared with their peers without diabetes.CONCLUSIONSBetween the ages of 15 and 25 years, the risks of psychiatric disorders and suicide attempts were substantially higher in adolescents and emerging adults with versus without diabetes.
Quality of Life and Glucose Control After 1 Year of Nationwide Reimbursement of Intermittently Scanned Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adults Living With Type 1 Diabetes (FUTURE): A Prospective Observational Real-World Cohort Study
Authors: Charleer Sara , De Block Christophe , Van Huffel Liesbeth , Broos Ben , Fieuws Steffen , Nobels Frank , Mathieu Chantal , Gillard Pieter 
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVE
In 2016, nationwide reimbursement of intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) for people living with type 1 diabetes treated in specialist diabetes centers was introduced in Belgium. We undertook a 12-month prospective observational multicenter real-world study to investigate impact of isCGM on quality of life and glycemic control.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Between July 2016 and July 2018, 1,913 adults with type 1 diabetes were consecutively recruited in three specialist diabetes centers. Demographic, metabolic, and quality of life data were collected at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months of standardized clinical follow-up. The primary end point was evolution of quality of life from baseline to 12 months. Secondary outcome measures were, among others, change in HbA1c, time spent in different glycemic ranges, occurrence of acute diabetes complications, and work absenteeism.

RESULTS
General and diabetes-specific quality of life was high at baseline and remained stable, whereas treatment satisfaction improved (P &lt; 0.0001). Admissions for severe hypoglycemia and/or ketoacidosis were rare in the year before study (n = 63 out of 1,913; 3.3%), but decreased further to 2.2% (n = 37 out of 1,711; P = 0.031). During the study, fewer people reported severe hypoglycemic events (n = 280 out of 1,913 [14.6%] vs. n = 134 out of 1,711 [7.8%]; P &lt; 0.0001) or hypoglycemic comas (n = 52 out of 1,913 [2.7%] vs. n = 18 out of 1,711 [1.1%]; P = 0.001) while maintaining HbA1c levels. Fewer people were absent from work (n = 111 out of 1,913 [5.8%] vs. n = 49 out of 1,711 [2.9%]; P &lt; 0.0001). Time spent in hypoglycemia significantly decreased in parallel with less time in range and more time in hyperglycemia. Eleven percent (n = 210) of participants experienced skin reactions, leading to stopping of isCGM in 22 participants (1%).

CONCLUSIONS
Nationwide unrestricted reimbursement of isCGM in people with type 1 diabetes treated in specialist diabetes centers results in higher treatment satisfaction, less severe hypoglycemia, and less work absenteeism, while maintaining quality of life and HbA1c.
TEOLOGIA PARA A PAZ: A RESPONSABILIDADE DAS RELIGIÕES NOS CONFLITOS À LUZ DA OBRA “GUERRA E PAZ”, LIEV TOLSTÓI.
Authors: Gonçalves José Diógenes Dias 
Published: December 2019

O presente trabalho é uma reflexão do potencial de paz da teologia na obra Guerra e Paz. A convergência dos discursos das religiões a favor da paz contrasta com a sua presença no centro dos grandes conflitos mundiais. Cabe perguntar se as declarações pacifistas das autoridades e dos fiéis se limitam ao discurso. Porém, se realmente a intenção existe, como se efetiva a redução de conflitos com a intervenção das religiões? O clássico russo Guerra e Paz é o eixo do argumento. À primeira vista a obra é uma odisseia de guerra, porém, trata-se da celebração de paz, fruto do empenho pela verdade e pela bondade na humanidade. Qual seria a responsabilidade dos teólogos, religiosos e seus líderes neste esforço? Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que objetiva apresentar a contribuição efetiva que as comunidades religiosas possuem em evitar ou diminuir as crises. A combinação dos conceitos Religião e Conflito possui mais espaço midiático que Religião e Paz; pouco destaque é dado ao aspecto positivo. Possivelmente, o incremento de parcerias da sociedade civil com as comunidades religiosas possa mudar este quadro; inobstante a crescente pluralização e o aumento da secularização, o resultado é a paz em destaque ao invés da guerra.