bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-guided peripheral vascular catheterization in pediatric patients: a narrative review
Authors: Nakayama Yoshinobu , Takeshita Jun , Nakajima Yasufumi , Shime Nobuaki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPeripheral vascular catheterization (PVC) in pediatric patients is technically challenging. Ultrasound guidance has gained the most interest in perioperative and intensive care fields because it visualizes the exact location of small target vessels and is less invasive than other techniques. There have been a growing number of studies related to ultrasound guidance for PVC with or without difficult access in pediatric patients, and most findings have demonstrated its superiority to other techniques. There are various ultrasound guidance approaches, and a comprehensive understanding of the basics, operator experience, and selection of appropriate techniques is required for the successful utilization of this technique. This narrative review summarizes the literature regarding ultrasound-guided PVC principles, approaches, and pitfalls to improve its clinical performance in pediatric settings.
Evaluation of the effect of Cooled HaEmodialysis on Cognitive function in patients suffering with end-stage KidnEy Disease (E-CHECKED): feasibility randomised control trial protocol
Authors: Dasgupta Indranil , Odudu Aghogho , Baharani Jyoti , Fergusson Niall , Griffiths Helen , Harrison John , Maruff Paul , Thomas G Neil , Woodhall Gavin , Youseff Samir , Tadros George 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Cognitive impairment is common in haemodialysis (HD) patients and is associated independently with depression and mortality. This association is poorly understood, and no intervention is proven to slow cognitive decline. There is evidence that cooler dialysis fluid (dialysate) may slow white matter changes in the brain, but no study has investigated the effect of cooler dialysate on cognition. This study addresses whether cooler dialysate can prevent the decline in cognition and improve quality of life (QOL) in HD patients.

Methods
This is a multi-site prospective randomised, double-blinded feasibility trial. Setting: Four HD units in the UK. Participants and interventions: Ninety HD patients randomised (1:1) to standard care (dialysate temperature 36.5 °C) or intervention (dialysate temperature 35 °C) for 12 months. Primary outcome measure: Change in cognition using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Secondary outcome measures: Recruitment and attrition rates, reasons for non-recruitment, frequency of intradialytic hypotension, depressive symptom scores, patient and carers burden, a detailed computerised cognitive test and QOL assessments. Analysis: mixed method approach, utilising measurement of cognition, questionnaires, physiological measurements and semi-structured interviews.

Discussion
The results of this feasibility trial will inform the design of a future adequately powered substantive trial investigating the effect of dialysate cooling on prevention and/or slowing in cognitive decline in patients undergoing haemodialysis using a computerised battery of neuro-cognitive tests. The main hypothesis that would be tested in this future trial is that patients treated with regular conventional haemodialysis will have a lesser decline in cognitive function and a better quality of life over 1 year by using cooler dialysis fluid at 35 °C, versus a standard dialysis fluid temperature of 36.5 °C. This also should reflect in improvements in their abilities for activities of daily living and therefore reduce carers’ burden. If successful, the treatment could be universally applied at no extra cost.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03645733. Registered retrospectively on 24 August 2018.
Diagnostic accuracy of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score for the prediction of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and metabolic syndrome in the Lebanese University
Authors: Abdallah Maher , Sharbaji Safa , Sharbaji Marwa , Daher Zeina , Faour Tarek , Mansour Zeinab , Hneino Mohammad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Risk scores were mainly proved to predict undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (UT2DM) in a non-invasive manner and to guide earlier clinical treatment. The objective of the present study was to assess the performance of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) for detecting three outcomes: UT2DM, prediabetes, and the metabolic syndrome (MS).

Methods
This was a prospective, cross-sectional study during which employees aged between 30 and 64, with no known diabetes and working within the faculties of the Lebanese University (LU) were conveniently recruited. Participants completed the FINDRISC questionnaire and their glucose levels were examined using both fasting blood glucose (FBG) and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). Furthermore, they underwent lipid profile tests with anthropometry.

Results
Of 713 subjects, 397 subjects (55.2% female; 44.8% male) completed the blood tests and thus were considered as the sample population. 7.6% had UT2DM, 22.9% prediabetes and 35.8% had MS, where men had higher prevalence than women for these 3 outcomes (P = 0.001, P = 0.003 and P = 0.001) respectively. The AUROC value with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) for detecting UT2DM was 0.795 (0.822 in men and 0.725 in women), 0.621(0.648 in men and 0.59 in women) for prediabetes and 0.710 (0.734 in men and 0.705 in women) for MS. The correspondent optimal cut-off point for UT2DM was 11.5 (sensitivity = 83.3% and specificity = 61.3%), 9.5 for prediabetes (sensitivity = 73.6% and specificity = 43.1%) and 10.5 (sensitivity = 69.7%; specificity = 56.5%) for MS.

Conclusion
The FINDRISC can be considered a simple, quick, inexpensive, and non-invasive instrument to use in a Lebanese community of working people who are unaware of their health status and who usually report being extremely busy because of their daily hectic work for the screening of UT2DM and MS. However, it poorly screens for prediabetes in this context.
Designing refugees’ camps: temporary emergency solutions, or contemporary paradigms of incomplete urban citizenship? Insights from Al Za’atari
Authors: Aburamadan Rania , Trillo Claudia , Makore Busisiwe Chikomborero Ncube 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMillions of people have been forcibly displaced around the world at an alarming rate. In 2018, approximately 70.8 million people (UNHCR 2018) were living in refugee camps. These camps are the most immediate response to the emergency. However, they have become more than a simple temporary solution, with refugees spending significantly longer than they should. Motivated largely by an economic rationale, the camps are often produced rapidly, cheaply and effectively to accommodate the largest possible number of shelters in the shortest time. The aim of this paper is to explore whether the concept of permanence should be embedded in the spatial configuration of a refugees’ camp, or whether the concept of transient and temporary community would better reflect the aspirations of the users. The Al Za’atari camp has been selected as a case study to explore the nexus between spatial configuration and social aspirations of the refugees’ community. Indeed, the findings revealed that the spatial configuration of the Al Za’atari camp reflects social fabric, habits and organization of the refugees’ community. This has occurred to the point that the camp has taken on the appearance of a sort of informal city. This study therefore suggests recommendations to support the design of spatial and architectural solutions that better meet the actual needs of the final users largely disregarded in the current emergency approach.
Benign mesenteric lipomatous tumor in a child: a case report and literature review
Authors: Hashizume Naoki , Aiko Takato , Fukahori Suguru , Ishii Shinji , Saikusa Nobuyuki , Koga Yoshinori , Higashidate Naruki , Sakamoto Saki , Tsuruhisa Shiori , Nakahara Hirotomo , Muta Hiroko , Miyoshi Hiroaki , Naito Yoshiki , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Oda Yoshinao , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Yagi Minoru 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Lipomatous tumors are the most common type of soft-tissue tumors. Benign lipomatous tumors are lipomas and lipoblastoma. We herein report a case of benign mesenteric lipomatous tumor and the largest collection of known benign mesenteric lipomatous tumors in children in the literature.

Case presentation
A 3-year-old girl presented with repeated dull abdominal pain and left abdominal mass swelling. On a physical examination, the child had a soft, moderately distended left abdomen that was not tender when palpated. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a large fatty mass within the mesentery, measuring approximately 8 × 6 cm. The mass extended from the right upper quadrant to the lower pole of the kidneys. Laparotomy with resection of the mesenteric tumor was performed under general anesthesia. A well-capsuled tumor was a soft, yellow mass and found loosely attached to the mesenterium of the ileum. A histopathological examination demonstrated the lobular proliferation of mature adipocytes. Atypical lipoblasts were not seen. These features are compatible with benign lipomatous tumor, such as lipoma or lipoblastoma with maturation.

Conclusion
In conclusion, benign mesenteric lipomatous tumors tend to be large in size over 10 cm in longitudinal length. However, resection is well tolerated in the vast majority of cases with benign post-operative courses.
Malnutrition and poverty in India: does the use of public distribution system matter?
Authors: Panda Basant Kumar , Mohanty Sanjay K. , Nayak Itishree , Shastri Vishal Dev , Subramanian S. V. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundLarge scale public investment in Public Distribution System (PDS) have aimed to reduce poverty and malnutrition in India. The PDS is the largest ever welfare programme which provides subsidised food grain to the poor households. This study attempt to examine the extent of stunting and underweight among the children from poor and non-poor households by use of public distribution system (PDS) in India.MethodsData from the National Family and Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4), was used for the analysis. A composite variable based on asset deprivation and possession of welfare card provided under PDS (BPL card), was computed for all households and categorised into four mutually exclusive groups, namely real poor, excluded poor, privileged non-poor and non-poor. Real poor are those economically poor and have a welfare card, excluded poor are those economically poor and do not have welfare card, privileged poor are those economically non-poor but have welfare card, and non-poor are those who are not economically poor and do not have welfare card. Estimates of stunting and underweight were provided by these four categories. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for the analysis.ResultsAbout half of the children from each real poor and excluded poor, two-fifths among privileged non-poor and less than one-third among non-poor households were stunted in India. Controlling for socio-economic and demographic covariates, the adjusted odds ratio of being stunted among real poor was 1.42 [95% CI: 1.38, 1.46], 1.43 [95% CI: 1.39, 1.47], among excluded poor and 1.15 [95% CI: 1.12, 1.18], among privileged non-poor. The pattern was similar for underweight and held true in most of the states of India.ConclusionsUndernutrition among children from poor households those excluded from PDS is highest, and it warrants inclusion in PDS. Improving the quality of food grains and widening food basket in PDS is recommended for reduction in level of malnutrition in India.
Predictive equations for evaluation for resting energy expenditure in Brazilian patients with type 2 diabetes: what can we use?
Authors: Grassi Thaiciane , Boeno Francesco Pinto , de Freitas Mauren Minuzzo , de Paula Tatiana Pedroso , Viana Luciana Vercoza , de Oliveira Alvaro Reischak , Steemburgo Thais 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Evaluation of the resting energy expenditure (REE) is essential to ensure an appropriate dietary prescription for patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this record was to evaluate the accuracy of predictive equations for REE estimation in patients with type 2 diabetes, considering indirect calorimetry (IC) as the reference method.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed in outpatients with type 2 diabetes. Clinical, body composition by electrical bioimpedance and laboratory variables were evaluated. The REE was measured by IC (QUARK RMR, Cosmed, Rome, Italy) and estimated by eleven predictive equations. Data were analyzed using Bland–Altman plots, paired t-tests, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients.

Results
Sixty-two patients were evaluated [50% female; mean age 63.1 ± 5.2 years; diabetes duration of 11 (1–36) years, and mean A1C of 7.6 ± 1.2%]. There was a wide variation in the accuracy of REE values predicted by equations when compared to IC REE measurement. In all patients, Ikeda and Mifflin St-Jeor equations were that most underestimated REE. And, the equations that overestimated the REE were proposed by Dietary Reference Intakes and Huang. The most accurate equations were FAO/WHO/UNO in women (− 1.8% difference) and Oxford in men (− 1.3% difference).

Conclusion
In patients with type 2 diabetes, in the absence of IC, FAO/WHO/UNO and Oxford equations provide the best REE prediction in comparison to measured REE for women and men, respectively.
Spatial weight matrix in dimensionality reduction reconstruction for micro-electromechanical system-based photoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Ma Yuanzheng , Lu Chang , Xiong Kedi , Zhang Wuyu , Yang Sihua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) scanning mirror accelerates the raster scanning of optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM). However, the nonlinear tilt angular-voltage characteristic of a MEMS mirror introduces distortion into the maximum back-projection image. Moreover, the size of the airy disk, ultrasonic sensor properties, and thermal effects decrease the resolution. Thus, in this study, we proposed a spatial weight matrix (SWM) with a dimensionality reduction for image reconstruction. The three-layer SWM contains the invariable information of the system, which includes a spatial dependent distortion correction and 3D deconvolution. We employed an ordinal-valued Markov random field and the Harris Stephen algorithm, as well as a modified delay-and-sum method during a time reversal. The results from the experiments and a quantitative analysis demonstrate that images can be effectively reconstructed using an SWM; this is also true for severely distorted images. The index of the mutual information between the reference images and registered images was 70.33 times higher than the initial index, on average. Moreover, the peak signal-to-noise ratio was increased by 17.08% after 3D deconvolution. This accomplishment offers a practical approach to image reconstruction and a promising method to achieve a real-time distortion correction for MEMS-based OR-PAM.
The use of MRI in quantification of the atrial fibrosis in patients with rheumatic mitral disease
Authors: Ismail Ahmed Shehata , Baghdady Yasser , Salem Mohammad Ali , Wahab Amir Abdel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common type of arrhythmia with higher incidence in countries with increased prevalence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD), where AF contributes to significant morbidity and mortality in young population. Atrial fibrosis is a common feature of AF. Delayed enhancement MRI (DE-MRI) is a well-established method for characterizing fibrosis in ventricles. The use of DE-MRI to detect left atrial fibrosis helps to evaluate the extent of atrial structural remodeling non-invasively. The aim of this study is to evaluate the atrial fibrosis in patients with mitral valve disease, using the DE MRI, regarding its amount, distribution, and relation to AF.

Results
Patients with AF were older and have longer duration of symptoms, smaller valve area, larger LA size, and more fibrosis at the left atrium (with the posterior wall most frequently involved) in comparison to those with sinus rhythm. Patients with atrial fibrosis were older and have longer duration of symptoms, smaller valve area, and larger LA, and most of them had AF compared to those without fibrosis. The comparison between types of AF showed a significant difference in the amount of atrial fibrosis that increases across the spectrum of AF.

Conclusion
In patients with rheumatic mitral valve diseases, AF is associated with more atrial fibrosis as assessed by DE-MRI. Atrial fibrosis is the best independent predictor of AF.
Development and validation of stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of ertugliflozin pidolate and metformin hydrochloride in bulk and tablets
Authors: Kumari K. Sravana , Bandhakavi Sailaja 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
In the present study, an improved simple, specific, rapid, sensitive, precise, accurate and stability-indicating RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of ertugliflozin pidolate and metformin hydrochloride in bulk and tablets was developed and validated. The separation of ertugliflozin pidolate and metformin HCl was achieved isocratically on Kromasil C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) using 0.1% ortho-phosphoric acid buffer (pH 2.7):acetonitrile (65:35% v/v) as mobile phase, pumped at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and column temperature of 30 ± 2 °C. HPLC grade water:ACN (1:1) was used as diluent. About 10 μl of standard solution of the drugs was injected, and the eluted analytes were detected at 224 nm.

Results
Metformin HCl was eluted at 2.170 min and ertugliflozin pidolate at 2.929 min with a run time of 5.0 min. Linearity of the developed method was observed in the concentration range of 0.9375–5.625 μg/ml for ertugliflozin pidolate and 62.5–375 μg/ml for metformin HCl with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 for both the drugs. LOD for ertugliflozin pidolate and metformin HCl were 0.025 μg/ml and 0.87 μg/ml respectively. LOQ for ertugliflozin pidolate and metformin HCl were 0.076 μg/ml and 2.63 μg/ml.

Conclusion
The developed RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of ertugliflozin pidolate and metformin HCl in bulk and tablets was simple, rapid, sensitive, accurate, precise, linear, and stability indicating. Hence, the developed method could be used for the routine quality control of the drugs in bulk and tablets.
Giant solid mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver in a neonate: case report
Authors: Hassan Moaied A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Mesenchymal hamartoma is the second most common benign liver tumor in children, with 20% of the cases diagnosed during the neonatal period. The exact etiology in still unclear, and most investigators believe that it is a developmental anomaly rather than a true neoplasm. The presentation of these tumors is highly variable depending on the lesion’s size, ranging from small asymptomatic lesions to very large tumors with life threatening complications. Radical surgical excision, whenever possible, is the gold standard for treating these lesions to avoid the problems of local recurrence and possible malignant transformation. We present the rare occurrence of an entirely solid, giant hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma in a 3-week-old male newborn and discuss the mode of presentation, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

Case presentation
A 3-week-old male newborn was referred to our institution with huge abdominal distension and respiratory distress. Imaging studies confirmed the presence of a very large solid intraabdominal mass occupying the majority of the abdominal cavity and abutting the inferior aspect of the right lobe of the liver, but did not reveal the diagnosis. At laparotomy, a huge solid mass was found attached to the right lobe of the liver. Complete excision was done, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of mesenchymal hamartoma.

Conclusion
Although rare, mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver can present as a neonatal surgical emergency. Emergency intervention is required in symptomatic patients. Radical surgical intervention is possible and is the treatment of choice to relieve the patient’s symptoms and avoid future complications.
Delivering Cancer Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations and Lessons Learned From ASCO Global Webinars
Authors: Jazieh Abdul Rahman , Chan Stephen L. , Curigliano Giuseppe , Dickson Natalie , Eaton Vanessa , Garcia-Foncillas Jesus , Gilmore Terry , Horn Leora , Kerr David J. , Lee Jeeyun , Mathias Clarissa , Nogueira-Rodrigues Angélica , Pierce Lori , Rogado Alvaro , Schilsky Richard L. , Soria Jean-Charles , Vandenberg Olivier , Warner Jeremy L. , Yoshida Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the ASCO launched a Global Webinar Series to address various aspects of cancer care during the pandemic. Here we present the lessons learned and recommendations that have emerged from these webinars. METHODS Fifteen international health care experts from different global regions and oncology disciplines participated in one of the six 1-hour webinars to discuss the latest data, share their experiences, and provide recommendations to manage cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic. These sessions include didactic presentations followed by a moderated discussion and questions from the audience. All recommendations have been transcribed, categorized, and reviewed by the experts, who have also approved the consensus recommendations. RESULTS The summary recommendations are divided into different categories, including risk minimization; care prioritization of patients; health care team management; virtual care; management of patients with cancer undergoing surgical, radiation, and systemic therapy; clinical research; and recovery plans. The recommendations emphasize the protection of patients and health care teams from infections, delivery of timely and appropriate care, reduction of harm from the interruption of care, and preparation to handle a surge of new COVID-19 cases, complications, or comorbidities thereof. CONCLUSION The recommendations from the ASCO Global Webinar Series may guide practicing oncologists to manage their patients during the ongoing pandemic and help organizations recover from the crisis. Implementation of these recommendations may improve understanding of how COVID-19 has affected cancer care and increase readiness to manage the current and any future outbreaks effectively.