bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid System Method of Industrialised Building System (IBS): A Review of Studies
Authors: Azmin Izzati , Kassim Umar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A new technology in construction has implemented Industrialised Building System (IBS) as an adoption of a new method. Till date, the reception of Industrialised Building System (IBS) has been effectively advancing by Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB). Several of exertions have been taken, for example tremendous of research financing, preparing, and building up standard and other showcasing plan. From previous writing and industry report, the appropriation of IBS was practiced gainful to improve the construction quality and profitability and spare expense and also the duration of completion projects. However, there are still a few issues and problems, such as supply chain and design drawing issues, which has always been one of the biggest problems that should be taken care of in the construction industry. Nowadays, Industrialised Building System (IBS) also has been modified in many ways to make it more practical to use in the construction field. The IBS usage becomes a trend and also a requirement for a government project especially in the northern region of Malaysia such as Kedah and Perlis. Hence, this paper focuses on latest review which is about the new method implements in Industrialised Building System (IBS) technology, which is known as a Hybrid System method. This system is not yet to be found since it is one of the pilot projects from the government. Thus, the survey for this paper will evaluate the outcome whether the new Hybrid System method leads to delay in Industrialised Building System (IBS) or it can help to improve the deferrals of construction.
Plasticity and compaction characteristics on soft clay stabilised with coal ash and cement
Authors: Jamaludin Nadiah , Mohd Yunus Nor Zurairahetty , Jusoh Siti Norafida , Pakir Faizal , Hezmi Muhammad Azril , Mat Said Khairun Nissa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper aims to determine the compaction and plasticity properties of marine clay stabilized with increasing percentages and different ratios of coal ash with cement. Coal ash with different ratio of bottom ash and fly ash (70:30, 50:50, and 30:70) were prepared at increasing percentages. Limited amount of ordinary Portland cement of 2% was added. The percentage of additives added to the marine clay were 5%, 8%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%, respectively. Standard Proctor test was done to determine the compaction characteristics while Atterberg limits was executed to acquire the plasticity characteristics of treated marine clay soil. In terms of plasticity, by increasing the additives percentages, the marine clay approaches CL group of plasticity which shows improvement in soil’s plasticity. For compaction, the values of MDD of treated marine clay is higher while the OMC is lower when compare to untreated. Hence, with the addition of coal ash waste there is improvement in terms of soil’s plasticity for all three ratios whilst for compaction values of treated marine clay does not change significantly between ratios.
Geotechnical Characteristics of Tanjung Bin Coal Bottom Ash
Authors: Abuelgasim R , Rashid A S A , Bouassida M , Shien N , Abdullah M H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Coal is considered one of the major sources of power-generation in Malaysia. The Coal-fired power plant is a kind of power plant that uses coal to generate electricity. The globally increasing demand for energy has led to an increase in the number of installation of coal-fired power plants. With the growth in coal-burning power plants, massive amounts of coal bottom ash have been produced as waste material. This article presents an experimental study on the geotechnical characteristics of Tanjung bin coal bottom ash and compares them with the properties of the natural granular soil focusing on the physical and mechanical characteristics namely; grain size distribution, specific gravity, compaction, permeability, shear strength, and relative density. Results revealed that the Tanjung bin bottom ash has geotechnical properties similar to the natural granular material, therefore it can be utilized as a substitute material to sand in several geotechnical application.
Gabor Filter and Moment Invariant via LDA Classifier for Skin Cancer Detection
Authors: Omar M F , Mansor M N , Saidi S A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Skin cancer may be a serious tumor. This can be clearly seen through the mature, uncommon appearance of fur pathology, which has abnormal properties in complex situations, wrinkled or uncertain perimeters, and dual colors. A small number of tulle melanomas of uncertain diameter can imitate benign moles and cannot be perceived by optical inspection. The only assumption for analyzing them is through dermoscopy as an option. Original identification and medical surgery can alternative for the patients. Within this research a detection method through image processing with various feature extraction such as Gabor filter and Hu Moment were employed and substantially improves the diagnosis performance with 97% via LDA Classifier.
An Improved Irreversible Fractal Scheme for Medical Image Compression
Authors: Rahman N A Z , Ismail R C , Shapri A H M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, an improved fractal image compression (FIC) based on peer adjacent scheme and domain classification was proposed. The proposed method has low computation cost since it contains no search operations, thus becoming fast irreversible fractal scheme. Comprehensive experiments on a standard test image and several types of digital radiology images revealed that the proposed method is competitive when compared to established quadtree-based FIC techniques. The novelty of the proposed method lies in the use of this improved domain classification and mapping strategy for accurate and more precise FIC encoding. The empirical result of standard test image suggests that the proposed method is more competitive compared to the established schemes and achieves better performance in terms the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and compression time averaging at 27.27 dB and 6.88 s, respectively. Also, the proposed method obtains an efficient compression ratio with 16.13 compared to others. Additionally, experiments involving various medical image modalities confirmed the superiority of the proposed method for practical applications of medical image compression.
Real-Time Flood Monitoring System Using Raspberry PI
Authors: Fairuz MFM , Rejab MRA , Farook Rohani , Hanah Aznor , Rashid N , Rifaat MNM 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Flood has been a major concern for a very long time and the inability to monitor it in real-time has been a major disadvantage in maintaining a healthy hydrologic process. The main problem in monitoring flood is the amount of time taken for data to reach users and how long the data is relevant for as in monitoring flood, timing is the crucial key. This research proposes a Real-Time Flood Monitoring System that can aid in monitoring flood more efficiently. The system utilizes a set of sensors connected to a single-board computer that determines values in which is vital in monitoring flood. To ensure a fast transmission of data, the values are transferred over Wide Area Network (WAN) to host these values on a remote server. The remote server hosts these data on a website and application which is made accessible for the public with an ease of access. As a result, it can be viewed by users who wish to know the necessary values in determining danger level and further actions can be taken in ensuring their safety. Data which is transferred on real-time allow less time to be taken in order for the news to spread around as time is very crucial in saving people from natural disasters. These data also have a great importance for safety enforcement to be used in determining safety precautions that can be taken in order to ensure the safety of people around a particular area.
Solar Powered Multiple Output Buck Converter
Authors: Aihsan M. Z. , Kimpol N. , Fang Liew Hui , Fahmi M. I. , Mustafa W. A. , Jobran J. A. M. , Kader M. M. A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Times have certainly changed over the past few decades, now it seems that technology is getting more compact and efficient. The modern outdoor enthusiast such as hikers, climbers has a problem regarding the lack of power supply to power up electronics when they go for adventure activities. In order to solve this problem, this paper design and develop DC/DC buck converter system to drop down the voltage from the solar photovoltaic (PV) system from 12VDC into 5VDC. This paper is first to start up with design and simulation circuit using simulation to test outcome of this paper in the range of 5VDC & 1.0A and 5VDC & 0.5A. A battery storage is needed to feed electricity independent and battery management of the battery is needed to improve the performance of battery life. This can be done by adding a charge controller unit. The outcome of this paper allows the battery to be charged using the solar panel and at the same time can produce multiple outputs for low voltages used. The software simulation has been done to shows this system produces two different output and the hardware will be developed based on the software results. Software and hardware result, both will be compared and analysed.
Lower Order Approximation of Bounded-Parameter Uncertain Systems using Amplitude Matching and Whale Optimization Algorithm with Constriction Factor
Authors: Malathi N , Devarajan N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Lower order modelling of uncertain bounded systems is presented in this paper using amplitude matching and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) with Constriction Factor (CF). The amplitude matching technique ensures to retain the stability and dynamics of the original higher-order systems. The proposed optimization algorithm for minimum Integral Square Error (ISE) approximates the model so that the responses match closely. The results are validated by comparing the ISE values of existing models. The presented technique is applicable for both Linear Time Invariant Continuous Systems (LTICS) and Linear Time Invariant Discrete Systems (LTIDS) without any need for tedious calculation of domain transformation.
A Switchless Pentagon-shaped Reconfigurable Antenna for Radar Applications
Authors: Bahari N , Yob R C , Zahid L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a switchless pentagon-shaped microstrip patch antenna for radar and radionavigation applications. The antenna is built on Rogers RT5880 substrate with five rectangular radiating elements on top. Five ports have been set up to operate at 13.5 GHz resonant frequency. Besides having reflection coefficient below -10 dB, the antenna also offers high gain when about 8.29 dB is achieved. The proposed antenna also has a bi-directional radiation pattern with 360° of beam steering.
Think-aloud Technique in Assessing Practical Experience: A Pilot Study
Authors: Razali Z B , Kader M M A , Affendi N S S R , Daud M H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The learning domains such as cognitive, affective and psychomotor for Engineering Technology programs should be identified and valued. The acquisition of hands-on experience in workplace settings and laboratory classes is just as important as explicit technical knowledge, and should be measured in psychomotor domain. However, the explicit knowledge is valued in engineering technology education. Furthermore, practically all assessments measure cognitive value. This implicit devaluation of hands-on experience could significantly impair engineering technology students’ ability to acquire and value practical skills. Therefore, developing a new model to include effective assessment in psychomotor domain could be one way to overcome this problem. Thus, the aim of this project is to find ways to measure changes in hands-on experience in engineering laboratory classes. The second aim is to test the relationship between hands-on experiences acquired in laboratory classes with the ability to diagnose simple experiment faults in laboratory arrangements. The method of think-aloud is used in the research where the finding of students’ attainment is compared to experts’ acquisition. The results show that the value of psychomotor domain in laboratory classes via hands-on experience can be assessed and valued between two groups of students which is experiment and control group. Methodologies and detail results for this research are described in this project.
Scale adaptive region covariance descriptor for visual tracking
Authors: Abu Hassan Mohd Fauzi , Pri Azurahisham Sah , Ahmad Zakiah , Tuan Dir Tengku Mohd Azahar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an adaptive approach for scale estimation in a tracking-by-detection framework. The proposed method works by learning covariance descriptor based on multi-layer instance search region. Our results show that the proposed approach significantly improves the performance in term of detection rate compared to region covariance descriptor with using a fixed bounding box (single scale). From this work, it is believed that we have constructed a greater solution in choosing best layer for this descriptor, permitting to move forward to the next issues such as fast motion or motion blur for achieving a robust tracking system.
BER ANALYSIS OF CHANNEL CODING TECHNIQUES FOR 5G NETWORKS
Authors: Benson Mansingh P M , Titus T Joby , Yuvaraju M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
All Achieving error free communication is the major challenge in wireless technology because it provides the basement for reliable communication. But, practically error free communication is not possible due to impairments caused in wireless channel. The practical option that is available for reliable communication with minimized error rate is a channel coding technique. The various channel encoding techniques used are RS, convolutional codes, turbo codes etc., in various generations of wireless communication. The advanced version of 5G technologies needs a new type of channel coding technique that focuses on low complexity and minimized bit error rate. In this system candidate error correction coding schemes that can be used for 5G technology is reviewed in terms of bit error rate and complexity. This proposed system mainly focuses on two channel coding techniques namely convolutional codes and LDPC codes. The LDPC codes are currently used in 4G technologies and its feasibility with 5G wireless communication is evaluated in terms of BER performance and complexity and it is compared with the coded and uncoded convolutional codes. The results show that LDPC codes outperform the other coded system in terms of BER and complexity, also channel capacity of the MIMO-OFDM system is achieved nearer to the Shannon limit by using LDPC codes. According to the conducted studies, it is evident that the LDPC codes are excellent in having improved BER performance such that it could be used for next generation wireless communication.
Effects of Arm Width On The Performance Of Two Arm Archimedean Spiral Antenna
Authors: Jahun K.I. , Shire A.M , Baba M.A. , Bature U.I. , Nasir A.Y. , Abubakar K.S. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the parametric study effects on the performance of two arm Archimedean spiral antenna. The effects of arm width were investigated in order to obtain an improved return loss, high gain, good axial ratio, high radiation efficiency and good radiation pattern throughout the frequency band of 3.1-10.6 GHz. The investigation of the parametric effects was done through simulation in CST software. Unidirectional radiation pattern is achieved when the spiral antenna is placed over a conducting ground plane. The results revealed that antenna’s performance is directly proportional with the increment of the arm width. Also the study finds out that arm width mainly affects the gain and axial ratio compared to the other antenna characteristics while arm spacing affects the return loss and gain of the antenna, as the arm spacing is increased the return loss and the gain of the antenna improved.
Screening of polymer precursors for preparation of nitrate imprinted polymer
Authors: Ishak Noorhidayah , Ahmad Mohd Noor , Shafiqul Islam A K M , Nasir Azalina Mohamed , Ahmad Muhammad Syafie , Kamaruddin Siti Fatimah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The molecular imprinting technique (MIT) has received considerable attention in the development of anion recognition materials which can be used in different applications. Major difficulty in molecular imprinting polymer is the selection of suitable polymer precursor such as template, type of monomer, amount of monomer and crosslinker that may influence the nitrate imprinted polymer (IIP) preparation. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the optimum parameters (type of template, type of monomer, amount monomer and crosslinker) during polymerization process. The optimum polymer particles were prepared by bulk polymerization using sodium nitrate as a template, allylthiourea as functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross linker and acetonitrile and dimethylsulfoxide as solvent by heating in an oil bath at 60 °C for 20 hour. The non imprinted polymer (NIP) was synthesized using the same method but without template molecule. The optimal condition of nitrate imprinted polymer synthesis was 3 mmol of monomer, 20 mmol of cross linker and 6 ml of solvent used with adsorption capacity of 14.06 mg/g and 1.27 imprinting factor. The IIP and NIP were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The FTIR analysis were showed that IIP and NIP were successfully synthesized. As conclusion from this research shows that the IIP produced has potential in to be used as nitrate adsorption in aqueous water.
Grid sensitivity studies for validation of human upper airways
Authors: Faizal W M , Khor C Y , Ghazali N N N , Zainon M Z 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The studies of simulation in biomechanical engineering using computational fluid dynamics is the crucial approach nowadays for advance human surgery. The accuracy of result of simulation will help the surgery more efficient and less damage to the patient. The propose this research to investigate the most efficient number of elements could be used in validation the result of simulation of human upper airway. This research finds the 129k number of elements would give the accurate result in analysing human upper airway.
Parametric design optimization of an ankle rehabilitation robot using SolidWorks
Authors: Bin Shahrol Aman Muhammad Nazrin Shah , Bin Basah Shafriza Nisha , Bin Basaruddin Khairul Salleh , Wan Ahmad Wan Khairunizam Bin , Bin Ahmad Shahrol Aman , Mustafa Wan Azani 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the approach to determine most suitable dimensions and volume of the proposed ankle rehabilitation robot design. This design aim is the robot needs to be portable without compromising the workspace of the proposed robot and it must fulfill all required basic ankle motions. To do this, optimisation was used to generate possible initial dimensions in order to achieve suitable length for the outer frame through minimization of the dimensions. Based on the selected variables and constraints, the result of the optimization shows minimization of the proposed design has been achieved through reduction of the dimension of the outer frame of the robot in which translate the reduction of the weight of the robot.
Optimization of multiple quality characteristics for injection moulded polyamide helical gear via integration of Taguchi method and Grey relational analysis
Authors: Mehat N M , Md Noor H , Kamaruddin S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Considering the great importance of injection moulding in plastic gear manufacturing, it is momentous to effectively control all the influential factors in the plastic injection moulding industry to improve the quality characteristics of the final gear part. As plastic materials exhibit extremely convoluted properties, the complexity of the injection moulding process makes it very challenging to attain the desired gear part properties. Since the intricate injection moulding process produces a wide range of parts with complex shapes within very narrow limits of tolerances, requires a great effort in order to keep the quality characteristics of moulded gears under control. In fact, the optimum properties of the plastic material cannot be achieved even with the most innovative part and mould design, and become meaningless without optimized processing parameters during the gear manufacturing. Therefore, the aim of this study is to propose the integration of Taguchi method/Grey relational analysis optimization approach in designing the gear part, setting up processing parameters, and selecting a suitable material for a helical gear via numerical simulation. The findings implied that an experimental design based on the integration of numerical simulation and Taguchi/Grey relational analysis is capable to enhance the multi-quality characteristic of the helical gear.
Analysis of different welding speeds and the micro structure on the welded joints of silicon steel pipe
Authors: Itas Y S , Baballe A , Danmadami A M , Yahaya S A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This research “the analysis of different welding speeds, the micro structure on the welded joints of silicon steel pipe” has been carried out on precise and accurate measurements of parameters. The effects of different laser powers on the weld material have critically been studied and analyzed. Welding speeds have great effect on the micro-structure and morphology of the weld material. The determination of the basic components of the active agent is the key of the preparation. The active materials selected in this experiment are the commonly used oxides (SiO2, TiO2, and Cr2O3) and fluoride (NaF) reagents. However, the comprehensive experiment contains a large number of the level of combination; the workload is huge, due to the experimental site, experimental materials, funding, and time constraints lead to low efficiency. In the laser welding of silicon steel sheet, coating active agent can increase the penetration depth and affect the weld formation, and the influence of active agent NaF and SiO2 on weld penetration of silicon steel sheet is significant. The formula G is the most effective in increasing the penetration depth, including 25% SiO2, 25% TiO2, 12.5%Cr2O3 and 37.5% NaF.