bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural radioactivity around Rooppur nuclear power plant before commissioning
Authors: Sadhukhan Ramit Kumar , Synzynys B I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A detailed overview of the natural and anthropogenic activity concentrations in soil, surface and groundwater, agricultural products, food, river sediments, aquatic flora and fauna, air and radon hazards in the vicinity of the first ever under-construction Rooppur nuclear power plant (NPP) in the People’s Republic of Bangladesh has been portrayed in the current exhaustive review article. Most of the reported data have been obtained using gamma-ray spectrometry. A comparative study for the activity concentrations around Rooppur NPP site with other studies performed in different areas in Bangladesh has also been presented. All the reported values of activity concentrations are comparable to global averages and are within permissible limits, hence authenticating the radiological safety of the region. The content of 90Sr and 137Cs in water samples is relatively low averaging to 0.06 and 0.07 Bq l−1 respectively. Furthermore, activity of 137Cs in soil samples is below detection level, proving the absence of activity due to fallout in this region. The study provides a baseline of radioactivity in the proposed Rooppur NPP site hence allowing the observation of changes and the identification of impacts caused by the technogenic changes of background radiation after commissioning of the NPP on the environmental situation in the region.
Experimental model for study bacteriophage bioaccumulation by a bivalve Unio pictorium (L.1758)
Authors: Karmanova A N , Zimin A A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The filter-feeding bivalves capture particles of small living organisms, including bacteria and single-cell eukaryotes, from their water environment. In the previous studies bioaccumulation of viruses by bivalve molluscs had been shown. Being cultivated in the environment polluted with waste waters, these filter-feeding aquatic organisms can accumulate microorganisms, including human pathogenic bacteria and viruses, and become a health risk factor causing outbreaks of various diseases, mainly the intestine infections. Bacteriophages may serve as a safe model for investigation of virus capture from environmental waters by mollusks; besides the investigations of phage bioaccumulation give insight into the natural mechanisms of the process. We developed a simplest experimental unit, microcosm, observing bacteriophages bioaccumulation by a freshwater bivalve Unio pictorium. The bioaccumulation process was tested with two T4 bacteriophage concentrations. The phage titer in the mollusk water environment first decreased due to its bioaccumulation and then essentially increased after the long incubation of the system. The results allowed us to suppose that the bacteriophage propagates in the E.coli population inhabiting the intestine tract of a mollusk taken from natural environment.
Feasibility of nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor for the treatment of combined radiation injuries
Authors: Filimonova M V , Shitova A A , Soldatova O V , Shevchenko L I , Uzhakov V V , Yakovleva N D , Kosachenko A O , Filimonov A S 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe model of combined radiation-thermal injury (CRTI) in mice was experimentally and histologically verified: exposure to60Co-radiation at a dose of 7 Gy (0.39 Gy/min) on the Agat device and the subsequent thermal effect on the GL6 device on the back, leading to the development of a 3B degree burn on 10% of the body surface. This model was used to confirm the positive influence of the NOS inhibitor T1023 on the course of CRTI. It was found that a single i.p. administration of T1023 72 h after CRTI application caused a nearly statistically significant (p = 0.051) increase in the 30-day survival rate of animals. The data obtained indicate the need for further detailed study of NOS inhibitor effects on the course of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) and CRTI.
Estimation of antitumor activity of compound T1097 - NOS inhibitor and glycolysis inhibitor - on experimental Erlich carcinoma in vivo
Authors: Shitova A A , Soldatova O V , Filimonova M V , Shevchenko L I , Saburova A S , Podosinnikova T S , Filimonov A S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The antitumor potential of a new original compound T1097 to realize a complex antineoblastic effect - NOS-inhibiting anti-angiogenic and HK2-inhibiting hypoxia-oriented cytotoxic - was investigated on the model of transplantable Ehrlich carcinoma in vivo. During the entire observation period, T1097 showed pronounced dose-dependent antitumor properties: statistically significant inhibitory effect of T1097 on the growth of tumor nodes exceeded the effect of original compound - HK2-inhibitor 3-bromopyruvate in an equimolar dose. The maximum antineoblastic effect (61%) of T1097 was obtained with its subchronic parenteral administration at a dose of 17 mg/kg and was not accompanied by the development of tumor resistance. Our findings confirm the prospects of this direction in the search for new drugs.
Environmental impact of the Research Institute of Physical Chemistry in Obninsk on soils of the nearby territory
Authors: Fernandez S Q , Oudalova A A , Melinkova T V , Kiseleva L A , Montaño R , Ziouche M 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This work focuses on the study of radioactive and chemical contamination of the soil caused by non-power generation nuclear facilities. For this purpose, the environmental monitoring of terrestrial ecosystems around the Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry, located in the Obninsk region and exploiting research nuclear reactor, has been carried out. The annually published environmental safety reports of the Karpov Institute for the period of 2011-2018 served as sources of the initial information about the facility impact on the environment. In summer 2019, the sampling of soils around the facility was carried out in 19 locations. In laboratory studies, the following indexes of physical and chemical properties of the soil are studied: type of the soil, soil density, hygroscopic moisture, moisture capacity, acidity. Instrumental methods such as potentiometric analysis were performed to determine the content of chloride in the soil. Specific activities of radionuclides were measured in soils using gamma spectrometry. It was found that the physical and chemical properties vary from point to point. Specific activities of radionuclides in the soil also vary, and in some points the radionuclides content is particularly higher than in others. Finally, all the data were compared with a similar research done in the previous year, and we found that our physical and chemical properties are similar and the specific activities are little lower than the previous year. For everything mentioned before, it is strongly suggested that more studies about the consequences to the environment and humans should be done, in more nuclear non-power facilities.
Oceanic evolution of the enzyme repairing the UV-induced DNA lesions
Authors: Karmanova A N , Zimin A A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Solar ultraviolet has a greater impact on marine ecosystem. Bacteria and viruses on ocean surface waters are most exposed to UV radiation on the Earth. In this work, the distribution of the denV gene in samples of marine microbiota was investigated by metagenomic and bioinformatic methods. The bifunctional enzyme encoded by this gene performs excision repair of pyrimidine dimers, the main photoproduct of UVB radiation. 23 homologues of the amino acid sequence of Escherichia virus T4 endonuclease V were found in the Global Ocean Sampling (GOS) database, a metagenome of the microbiota of ocean surface water. Phylogenetic study of these sequences showed that most of them are similar to homologues from cyanobacteria. 3 GOS homologues were found to be more similar to the protein of the marine bacteria Alteromonas sp. Based on the performed phylogenetic analysis it was suggested a horizontal transfer of the denV gene between the Tequatrovirus phages, Enterobacteria, and Bacillus sp. Further research in this direction may shed light on the origin of the DenV protein and its ecological role in marine bacteria and viruses communities.
Damage to the digestive tract of monogastric animals by “hot” radioactive particles
Authors: Shapovalov S , Kozmin G , Budarkov V , Zenkin A , Denisova E , Kurachenko Yu , Fesenko S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
For the first time, the dosimetric characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract damaged of the monogastric animals (rats, guinea pigs, pigs) due to peroral ß-irradiation that cause ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract are presented. The main factors in the formation of such ulcerative lesions are the uneven distribution of particles in the contents of the digestive tract (DT), the concentration of particles in certain areas of the mucous membrane, followed by the formation of local radiation levels that exceed the average values of absorbed doses by more than 3 times. Clinical manifestations of irradiation with a pathoanatomic assessment of the process of ulcer formation made it possible to classify the disease as radiation ulcerative gastroenterocolitis and distinguish extremely severe, severe, medium and mild degrees depending on the amount of incoming activity of “hot” radioactive particles and absorbed doses of ionizing radiation formed in the DT.
Climate change in the Arctic: causes and mechanisms
Authors: Alekseev G V , Glok N I , Vyazilova A E , Kharlanenkova N E 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Atmospheric heat and moisture transfers from the North Atlantic make the main contribution to the Arctic warming in winter. The increase in transfer is associated with changes in atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere under the influence of the sea surface temperature (SST) in low latitudes, where the bulk of the heat influx from the Sun accumulated. The mechanism of influence includes the interaction between the circulation of the ocean and atmosphere, which enhances the oceanic heat influx into the Norwegian and Barents seas, and atmospheric transport to the Arctic. SST rises with participation of orbital-forced increase of the solar insolation. Changes in insolation are small, but their effect is enhanced by feedbacks between temperature, water vapour content and downward long-wave radiation in low latitudes. An increase in water inflow, heat and moisture transfers to the Atlantic Arctic lead to increase in air temperature, water vapour content, downward long-wave radiation, and a reduction of ice thickness growth and its extent in the Barents and Greenland Seas in winter.
CMIP6 simulations of GPP growth satisfy the constraint imposed by increasing CO2 seasonal-cycle amplitude
Authors: Alexandrov G A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The positive effect of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) on gross primary production (GPP) is one of the factors that determine the strength of the carbon sink provided by terrestrial ecosystems. CMIP5 models tended to underestimate this effect. The study of CMIP6 simulations of GPP shows that GPP sensitivity to [CO2] assumed by increasing CO2 seasonal-cycle amplitude falls within the range of the values assumed by model runs. This make it possible to find the weights that force the weighted mean of GPP simulations to satisfy the constraint imposed by increasing CO2 seasonal-cycle amplitude.
The effect of Arctic warming on Moscow climate continentality
Authors: Alexandrov G A , Bokuchava D D , Ginzburg A S , Golitsyn G S , Semenov V A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The annual cycle of incoming solar radiation is the major factor that determines the amplitude of the annual cycle of the surface air temperature over the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. There are, however, other important factors that contribute to the seasonal temperature difference. The combined effect of these factors is characterized by the Gorczinski’s continentality index (GCI). The gradual decrease of Moscow GCI during the second half of the 20th century could be attributed to the combined effect of the warming due to increasing atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide and intensification of the zonal atmospheric circulation. However, these factors cannot explain the increase of Moscow GCI during the 1920-1950 period. Taking into account the Arctic temperature variations with pronounced multi-decadal variability helped us to fill this gap in the explanation of the historical changes in Moscow climate continentality.
Influence of global warming and climate continentality on the Moscow urban heat island
Authors: Ginzburg A S , Alexandrov G A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The intensity of an urban heat island depends on the location, layout and development of the city, the number and density of its population, and the energy consumption of the urban economy. These dependencies can vary greatly from city to city. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the dependence of the city’s climate characteristics on global and regional climate processes, their trends and variations. At present, there is no clear answer to the question of how climate changes affect the evolution of an urban specific city, since modern climate changes in different cases can both increase and decrease the intensity of the urban heat island. This work discusses the reasons some stabilization of the intensity of the Moscow heat island, observed in the second half of the XX century and early XXI century, and the relationship of this phenomenon with the weakening of continentality climate in the Moscow region.
Estimation of C-CO2balance of natural steppe ecosystems: Khakassia and Tuva (Eastern Siberia, Russia) case studies
Authors: Golubyatnikov L L , Kurganova I N , Lopes de Gerenyu V O 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe study of carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems is considerable important for the forecasts of climate and environmental changes. Using a geoinformation-analytical method and a climate-driven regression model, we have calculated the C-CO2balance of natural steppe ecosystems of Khakassia and Tuva. Our research has shown that natural steppes of the region under study are a significant sink of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The intensity of this carbon flux in the region can be estimate as 184±41 gCm−2yr−1. The annual absorption of carbon dioxide in the natural steppe ecosystems of Tuva and Khakassia is evaluated as 6.9±2.2 Mt C-CO2.
An Investigation of circulation regime variability and dangerous weather phenomena in Russia in the 21stcentury
Authors: Kononova N K , Lupo A R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The variability of Northern Hemisphere circulation types from 1899-2018 are analyzed and the classification of atmospheric circulation types in the early 21st century are shown. These are associated with the frequency of dangerous weather phenomena, natural processes, and disasters within Russia during this time. Against this background, the synoptic conditions for the formation of extreme precipitation and floods, as well as natural fires in 2019 are considered. It is shown that an increase in the frequency of occurrence of stationary anticyclones and blocking flow regimes as well as an extension of the Mediterranean storm track was associated with an increase in the frequency of extreme precipitation and dangerous natural processes. Additionally, the occurrence of thunderstorms, often dry, led to the development of natural fires.
Machine learning methods for the detection of polar lows in satellite mosaics: major issues and their solutions
Authors: Krinitskiy M , Verezemskaya P , Elizarov S , Gulev S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Polar mesocyclones (PMCs) and their intense subclass polar lows (PLs) are relatively small atmospheric vortices that form mostly over the ocean in high latitudes. PLs can strongly influence deep ocean water formation since they are associated with strong surface winds and heat fluxes. Detection and tracking of PLs are crucial for understanding the climatological dynamics of PLs and for the analysis of their impacts on other components of the climatic system. At the same time, visual tracking of PLs is a highly time-consuming procedure that requires expert knowledge and extensive examination of source data.
There are known procedures involving deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) for the detection of large-scale atmospheric phenomena in reanalysis data that demonstrate a high quality of detection. However, one cannot apply these procedures to satellite data directly since, unlike reanalyses, satellite products register all the scales of atmospheric vortices. It is also known that DCNNs were originally designed to be scale-invariant. This leads to the problem of filtering of the scale of detected phenomena. There are other problems to be solved, such as low signal-to-noise ratio of satellite data, and an unbalanced number of negative (without PLs) and positive (where a PL is presented) classes in a satellite dataset.
In our study, we propose a deep learning approach for the detection of PLs and PMCs in remote sensing data, which addresses class imbalance and scale filtering problems. We also outline potential solutions for other problems, along with promising improvements to the presented approach.
Assessment of the global climate change impact on Fuel and Energy Complex infrastructure and adaptation opportunities in the Russian Arctic
Authors: Nefedova L V , Solovyev D A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper considers the problems and features of the functioning of the energy complex in the regions of the Russian Arctic under the influence of global climate change. Particular attention is paid to new ideas and developments intended for practical use in developing measures to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change. The issues of optimising the composition and structure of the energy economy of the Arctic territories in the areas of permanent residence, reducing the burden on natural ecosystems, and risks in the field of sustainable economic and social development of the Arctic region are discussed. The ways are proposed for developing new approaches to the formation of a strategy for the development of the region’s energy infrastructure under the influence of climatic and environmental factors on the natural environment. The mechanisms of the impact of changes in the climatic characteristics of the region on the operating conditions and the efficiency of energy facilities of the fuel and energy complex are determined. The degree of this dependence was studied for different types of infrastructure facilities of the fuel and energy complex. The data on the assessment of the impact of global climate change on the infrastructure of the fuel and energy complex and the possibilities for its adaptation, which include: the implications for power generation facilities; impact on energy transportation; problems of thawing permafrost and solifluction; climate impact on energy consumption and socio-economic effects; the role of distributed energy and renewable energy in adaptation to climate change. It is shown that for the territories of the Russian Arctic with isolated energy supply, the development of energy-efficient systems and renewable energy will reduce climate risks for sustainable growth. Not only of this power sector but the whole economic complex of the region due to both their better adaptation to the effects of climate change and the reduction of technogenic greenhouse gas emissions, which are one of the main factors of these changes.
Regionalization of the INM RAS global climate model data by the Polar WRF model in the Arctic
Authors: Rubinstein K G , Zarochentsev GA , Yu Ignatov R , Volodin E M , Iakovlev N G , Gritsun A S , Emelina S V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper we present first results on the use of Polar WRF model for regionalization of the atmospheric circulation in the Arctic region produced by the global climate model INM-CM48 developed in INM RAS. We demonstrate that Polar WRF does not show run off effects in the first year of integration, gives reasonable results with respect to the global model with more details in the regions of complex topography and coast line.
Application of integral parametrization “SAIL” for climatology incoming shortwave radiation fluxes
Authors: Sinitsyn A , Gulev S 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Along with field and satellite data, the calculation of fluxes using integral parameterizations can become a source of information about incoming shortwave radiation fluxes on the sea surface. In this work, we used the results of applying the SAIL parametrization created at the IO RAS, based on measurements of incoming shortwave radiation fluxes to the surface of the Atlantic Ocean and the corresponding meteorological parameters. The main task of such parameterizations is to construct climatology of shortwave radiation fluxes according to VOS data. In the course of the work, the new cloud climatology CLAAS ed.2 was used as input to calculate the average daily fields of the incoming shortwave radiation fluxes to the surface of the Atlantic Ocean. As reference data, we used a satellite database of shortwave radiation fluxes for the Atlantic Ocean - SARAH ed. 2. In conclusion, it can be noted that the SAIL parameterization works very well for a total cloud score of up to 4 octa. Further development of the SAIL parameterization is possible by separately taking into account the direct and diffuse flux of incoming shortwave radiation, since as part of the growth of possible cloud regimes, it is very important to know when the flux prevails over the diffuse and when vice versa.
Investigation and forecast of Sudden Stratospheric Warming events with chemistry climate model SOCOL
Authors: Tsvetkova N D , Vyzankin A S , Vargin P N , Lukyanov A N , Yushkov VA 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
To achieve better agreement of simulated Arctic winter stratospheric dynamic with observations assimilation procedure nudging was incorporated in CCM SOCOL. Trajectories based on SOCOL output winds demonstrate the reasonable agreement with trajectories based on reanalysis data inside the polar vortex and can be used for analysis and forecast of ozone related processes in winter-spring seasons. Obtained results of several recent major Arctic SSW events analysis show that CCM SOCOL could be used for SSW forecast over the period up to 8 days.
On integral characteristics of Polar Lows
Authors: Vazaeva N V , Chkhetiani O G , Kurgansky M V 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPolar mesocyclones, also known as polar lows (PLs), are important maritime mesoscale (horizontal diameter up to 1000 km) weather systems at high latitudes, forming to the pole from the polar front. We consider the possible prognostic criteria of the PLs, in particular, the kinematic helicity as a squared characteristic related to the integral vortex formations and kinematic vorticity number. To calculate such characteristics we use reanalysis data and the results of numerical modeling with the WRF-ARW model for the PLs over the Nordic (Norwegian and Barents)seas. For comparison, experimental data are used. Our estimation of the helicity is based on its remarkable property – the connection of integral helicity content in the Ekman layer with the geostrophic wind velocity. Criteria associated with vorticity and helicity manifested through the PL genesis and development quite clearly. This criteria can be used to increase the efficiency and accuracy of complex forecasting techniques.