bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left Gastric Artery Embolization for Weight Loss
Authors: Shaker M , Elhemeily M , Gamal M , Elgogary A , Zidan H , Gobara Z , Abogamra S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Purpose
To conduct a prospective clinical trial to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of left gastric artery embolization as a minimally-invasive way for the treatment of obesity.

Materials & Methods
Patients were recruited with respect to detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria. A baseline clinical history taking and physical examination including anthropometric measurements was undertaken. A baseline EGD was performed to rule out any pre-existing pathology in the esophagus, stomach or duodenum. Baseline serum Ghrelin level was assessed. Embolization was performed using non-spherical polyvinyl alcohol particles sized 355–500 µm (Bearing nsPVA®, Merit Medical) until complete stasis of flow within the LGA and its branches. Patients were followed up weekly for 1 month then monthly for 6 months by anthropometric measurements by the clinical nutritionists from the Physical Medicine department. At 1 month, EGD was repeated to assess for any complications or adverse effects. Another blood sample was withdrawn to assess the change in serum Ghrelin level.

Results
Left gastric artery embolization was performed on six obese to morbidly obese patients (four women and two men; average age, 44 years; range, 24–62 years), with a mean weight of 113.67 kg (range 86–133 kg), a mean BMI of 44.45 kg/m2 (range 33.6–51.2 kg/m2) Technical success rate was 100%. There was one minor adverse event in the form of a small asymptomatic superficial gastritis in the fundus/lesser curvature. There were no major adverse events. Mean excess weight loss of 5.58% and 2.91% was noted at 1 month and at 6 months, respectively. Mean change in serum ghrelin was −35.57% at 1 month.

Conclusion
LGA embolization is technically feasible and safe. There is considerable drop in serum ghrelin level at 1 month. However, the weight loss appears to be transient. Future studies can opt for smaller-sized particles and probably embolization of the right gastro-epiploic artery together with the left gastric artery.

Abbreviations
BMI = Body Mass Index, EGD = Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, LGA = Left Gastric Artery, NSAID = Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, PPI = Proton pump inhibitors, WHO = World Health Organization.
Role of DWI in differentiation between cholestatoma and recurrent otitis media
Authors: Geneidi E A S , Hanaa S R R , Kamal A M M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Cholesteatoma and otitis media are common middle ear pathologies. They may cause serious complication such as hearing loss, facial nerve paralysis or intra-cranial complications in advanced cases. They are mainly diagnosed by otoscope yet CT examination is essential to confirm the diagnosis in some cases as well as assess its extensions for proper surgical excision. However, CT is poor in differentiation of cholesteatoma from other middle ear pathologies. Between the two diseases, there are a grey zone. Depending on CT images in differentiation between cholestatoma and otitis media, radiologist will be susptable for misdiagnosis.

Objective
To determine the diagnostic accuracy of DWI and the difference between the ADCs of middle ear cleft cholestatoma and those of non-cholesteatomatous tissue especially recurrent otitis media on single-shot echo planar DW images. In a case of cholestatoma, the results will be confirmed by intra-operative findings and histopathological data. In a case of otitis media, we will follow up the patients clinically if signs and symptoms resolve or not; or follow up by CT examination.

Methods
This study was conducted on patient with suspected cholesteatoma suspected clinically or by CT examination or known patients and patient also with suspected otitis media recurrence who underwent already surgery or preparing to that; at Ain Shams university hospitals. The patients referred from the otolaryngology department at Ain Shams university hospitals and from other private clinics. The patients was investigated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results
MRI examination was advocated to differentiate between cholesteatoma from other middle ear pathologies. Delayed post contrast T1 images were used but showed low sensitivity for smaller lesions as well as patient inconvenience due to delayed imaging after 30-45 minutes. In recent years, diffusion weighted sequences have been used in diagnosis of cholesteatoma due to its bright signal on DWIs. In our study we used thin cut multi-shot EPI diffusion weighted images in the assessment of cholesteatoma and otitis media suspected clinically or by CT examination or known patients. It showed very good sensitivity and excellent specificity in detection of diffusion restriction of cholestatoma compared to chronic otits media which appear as a facilitated diffusion. The use of multi-shot techniques improved its sensitivity compared to single shot images yet it is still relatively less than non-EPI techniques.

Conclusion
DWI is a beneficial tool in the evaluation of cholesteatoma and differentiate between it and otitis media with excellent specificity that reduces the need of second look surgeries in multiple cases. The use of multi-shot diffusion weighted techniques improved its sensitivity significantly compared to single shot techniques. It still could not detect lesions smaller than 4 mm.
Potential implications of six American Indian patients with myopathy, statin exposure and anti-HMGCR antibodies
Authors: Close Ryan M , Close Laura M , Galdun Patrick , Gerstberger Stefanie , Rydberg Matthew , Christopher-Stine Lisa 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Statin-associated autoimmune myopathy is a rare condition associated with the formation of autoantibodies to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. Underlying environmental and genetic risk factors remain poorly understood. American Indians have high rates of cardiovascular disease and associated co-morbidities that require lipid-lowering therapies. We observed this autoimmune myopathy in a series of American Indian statin users in rural Arizona.

Methods
We reviewed the charts of six American Indian patients with statin-associated autoimmune myopathy. We provide an illustrative case in addition to summaries of clinical presentations and treatment courses.

Results
This is the first report of statin-associated autoimmune myopathy in American Indians. These cases were all identified at the same geographically isolated hospital that exclusively serves an American Indian population with only 1800 statin users. There is relatively low migration. Each case was consistent with the previously described classical presentations for the disease. All six of our cases had diabetes and developed myopathy on high-dose atorvastatin, often with a recent change in statin type or dose.

Conclusion
Providers serving American Indians need to be aware of the possibility of statin-associated autoimmune myopathy and familiar with its presentation. Larger, inclusive, population-based investigations are needed to elucidate risk factors for this condition, in particular the potential interactions between predisposing HLA alleles, diabetes and specific statin exposures. This is necessary to identify effective and safe lipid-lowering medications.
In context: emotional intent and temporal immediacy of contextual descriptions modulate affective ERP components to facial expressions
Authors: Rischer Katharina M , Savallampi Mattias , Akwaththage Anushka , Salinas Thunell Nicole , Lindersson Carl , MacGregor Oskar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this study, we explored how contextual information about threat dynamics affected the electrophysiological correlates of face perception. Forty-six healthy native Swedish speakers read verbal descriptions signaling an immediate vs delayed intent to escalate or deescalate an interpersonal conflict. Each verbal description was followed by a face with an angry or neutral expression, for which participants rated valence and arousal. Affective ratings confirmed that the emotional intent expressed in the descriptions modulated emotional reactivity to the facial stimuli in the expected direction. The electrophysiological data showed that compared to neutral faces, angry faces resulted in enhanced early and late event-related potentials (VPP, P300 and LPP). Additionally, emotional intent and temporal immediacy modulated the VPP and P300 similarly across angry and neutral faces, suggesting that they influence early face perception independently of facial affect. By contrast, the LPP amplitude to faces revealed an interaction between facial expression and emotional intent. Deescalating descriptions eliminated the LPP differences between angry and neutral faces. Together, our results suggest that information about a person’s intentions modulates the processing of facial expressions.
T94. VIRTUAL REALITY STRESS REDUCTION FOR PATIENTS WITH PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS: CROSS-OVER RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Veling Wim , Lestestuiver Bart , Jongma Marieke , Hoenders Rogier , van Driel Catheleine 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Psychosocial stress is associated with onset and relapse of psychosis, and stress-reactivity is high in patients with psychotic disorder. Stress management is an important part of treatment, but stress-reducing interventions are challenging for people with psychotic or other psychiatric disorder. We developed a virtual reality self-management relaxation tool (VRelax; 360o nature videos with interactive elements) and investigated its immediate effects on stress level, mood states and symptoms in patients with a psychotic or other psychiatric disorder, compared to standard relaxation exercises.

Methods
A randomized cross-over trial was conducted in 50 patients receiving ambulatory treatment for psychotic, anxiety, depressive or bipolar disorder. Participants were randomly assigned to start with VRelax or standard relaxation, and used both interventions for 10 days at home. They completed Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) of stress level and mood states before and after each session. Global perceived stress and psychiatric symptoms were measured before and after both intervention periods. Treatment effects were analyzed with multilevel repeated-measures regression models and two-way ANOVA.

Results
Both VRelax and standard relaxation exercises reduced subjective stress and improved momentary mood states. Compared to standard relaxation, VRelax resulted in a significantly greater immediate improvement of anxiety (B=-4.30, 95%CI=-5.86;-2.73), sadness (B=-3.65, 95%CI =-5.39;-1.91), cheerfulness (B=3.67, 95%CI=2.15;5.18), overall positive mood (B=7.59, 95%CI=2.28;12.89), and overall negative mood (B=10.88, 95%CI=5.89;15.87). There were no significant differences between short-term effects of the two treatments on symptoms and global perceived stress.

Discussion
If the results of this trial are replicated and extended, VRelax may provide a much needed effective self-management stress intervention to enhance treatment of patients with psychotic and other psychiatric disorders.
T115. PERSONALITY ACROSS THE PSYCHOSIS CONTINUUM: A FINE-GRAINED PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Begemann Marieke , Boyette Lindy-Lou , Kwast Aimo , Sommer Iris 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Personality is associated with the etiology, course and outcome of psychosis. Previous research has mainly focused on the global domains within the Five-Factor Model of personality. Moreover, little is known on the personality profile of individuals who report frequent psychosis-like experiences (PE) including auditory hallucinations, but do not fulfill criteria for a Cluster A personality disorder or psychotic disorder.

Methods
We included 134 individuals with non-clinical PE, 40 patients with a psychotic disorder and 126 healthy controls. Participants completed the Dutch NEO-PI-R. ANOVAs were performed to compare personality profiles across the three groups.

Results
The domains of Neuroticism, Openness and Conscientiousness showed significant group differences. Together with intermediate levels of Neuroticism, individuals with non-clinical PE on average showed high Openness compared to healthy controls and patients (trend-level). The patient group scored high on Neuroticism and low on Conscientiousness compared to both individuals with non-clinical PE and controls. Furthermore, facet-level analyses showed intermediate levels of Depression and Anxiety (N) in individuals with non-clinical PE, as well as high Fantasy, Aesthetics and Ideas (O) relative to controls. The group with non-clinical PE also displayed similar high Angry Hostility (N) and Feelings (O), along with low Trust (A) and Gregariousness (E), as seen in the patient group. Patients showed high Vulnerability and Self-Conscientiousness (N), and also low Competence and Self-discipline (C) compared to both other groups.

Discussion
This is the first study to provide an analysis of both domain and facet-level data across the psychosis continuum. Our findings underline the added value of a more fine-grained evaluation of personality. We address how certain facets may be related to general PE proneness, both in non-clinical and clinical individuals alike, while other traits may differentiate individuals with non-clinical PE from patients. Current results encourage intervention strategies targeting coping and social skills for youth at risk for psychosis.
T127. GENDER DIFFERENCES IN CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND ILLICIT SUBSTANCE USE DURING FIRST EPISODE PSYCHOSIS: AN ELECTRONIC CASE REGISTER NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING ANALYSIS
Authors: Irving Jessica , Colling Craig , Shetty Hitesh , Pritchard Megan , Stewart Robert , Fusar-Poli Paolo , McGuire Philip , Patel Rashmi 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Gender differences in the clinical presentation of first episode psychosis (FEP) and its relationship to illicit substance use are inconclusive and underexplored. We conducted an electronic health record (EHR) study applying natural language processing (NLP) techniques to investigate gender differences in psychiatric symptoms when controlling for age, ethnicity, and illicit substance use.

Methods
Data were extracted from EHRs of 3,340 people presenting to the South London and Maudsley (SLaM) NHS Trust between April 2007 and March 2017 with FEP. Logistic regression was used to examine gender differences in presentation of 42 psychiatric symptoms, grouped into positive, negative, depressive, mania and disorganisation symptoms. We controlled for age of onset, ethnicity and illicit substance use (cocaine, amphetamine, MDMA or cannabis) and adjusted p-values for multiple comparisons.

Results
Patients were predominantly male (62%). Eight symptoms were more prevalent in males (poverty of thought, negative symptoms, social withdrawal, poverty of speech, aggression, grandiosity, paranoia and agitation), and thirteen in females (tearfulness, low energy, reduced appetite, low mood, pressured speech, mood instability, flight of ideas, guilt, mutism, insomnia, poor concentration, tangentiality and elation), before adjustment for age, ethnicity and substance use. Male patients were significantly more likely to experience negative symptoms than females (e.g. poverty of thought, OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.62); female patients showed increased likelihood of depressive and manic symptoms (e.g. tearfulness, 0.30, 0.26 to 0.35). Male patients were significantly more likely to misuse amphetamines, cannabis and cocaine (e.g. cannabis, OR 3.18, 2.75 to 3.70). All significant differences survived controls for age and ethnicity. After adjustment for illicit substance use gender differences in aggression, agitation, paranoia and grandiosity became insignificant (p &gt; 0.05). However, adjustment for illicit substance use resulted in increased strength of gender associations with negative, manic and depression symptoms.

Discussion
There are clear gender differences in the clinical presentation of FEP which are modified by exposure to illicit substances. These findings highlight a need to better understand the impact of gender on clinical presentation and treatment outcomes in psychosis, and to ensure that clinicians are aware of how gender differences in presentation could be modified by illicit substance use.
T132. RETINAL GANGLION CELLS DYSFUNCTIONS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS
Authors: Bernadin Florent , Schwitzer Thomas , Laprevote Vincent , Schwan Raymund 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Structural and functional retinal anomalies are documented in neurologic, substance use and psychiatric disorders. In schizophrenia, flash electroretinogram (fERG) measures have revealed photoreceptors, bipolar cells and retinal ganglion cells (RGC) dysfunctions. To date, no study has explored RGC using a pattern electroretinogram (pERG) protocol as recommended by the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standards for RGC measurements. We aim to study retinal functional responses of the photoreceptors and RGC in schizophrenia patients in comparison with healthy controls.

Methods
fERG conducted in scotopic (dark-adapted 0.01 and dark-adapted 3.0 ERG) and photopic conditions (light-adapted 3.0 ERG) and pERG were recorded in schizophrenia patients (n=29) and healthy controls (n=29). PERG provides the measurements of 2 waves: the P50 wave which arises in RGC with a contribution of bipolar cells and relates to the spatial distribution and density of the RGC bodies and the N95 wave which represents ganglion cell activity.

Results
fERG results showed a decrease in the b-wave amplitude (t(51)=-3.4, p&lt;.05, d=0.63) (dark-adapted 0.01 ERG), a-wave amplitude (t(48)=4.7, p&lt;.001, d =1.33) (dark-adapted 3.0 ERG), b-wave amplitude (t(48)=-2.8, p&lt;.005, d=0.78) (dark-adapted 3.0 ERG), a-wave amplitude (t(52)=2.8, p&lt;.001, d=0.29) (light-adapted 3.0 ERG) in schizophrenia patients compared to controls. We found as well a significant decrease of the a-wave implicit time (t(52)=-2.5, p&lt;.05, d =1.19) (light-adapted 3.0 ERG) in schizophrenia patients compared to controls. pERG results showed a significant increase of the P50 (t(55)=2.1, p&lt;.05, d=0.55) and a significant increase of the N95 implicit time in schizophrenia patients compared with controls (t(55)=4.2; p&lt;.001, d=0.66).

Discussion
Our results replicate previous findings regarding photoreceptors and bipolar cells dysfunction in schizophrenia patients. pERG results demonstrate a delay in transmission of action potentials by the ganglion cells along the visual pathway via the optic nerve and the lateral geniculate nucleus to the visual cortex in schizophrenia patients which could support alterations in cerebral visual processing in schizophrenia.
T152. AZERI RECENT ONSET ACUTE PHASE PSYCHOSIS SURVEY (ARAS COHORT): PRELIMINARY REPORTS FROM AN OBSERVATIONAL COHORT OF FIRST EPISODE PSYCHOSIS IN IRAN
Authors: Farhang Sara , Ghaemmaghami Mehrdad , Noorazar Gholamreza , Veling Wim , Malek Ayyoub , Shafiee-Kandjani Ali Reza , Alizadeh Behrooz Z , Bruggeman Richard 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Azeri Acute phase/Recent onset psychosis Survey (ARAS) is the first from central Asia to study the course of patients with recent onset psychosis. The aim is to reveal indicators for understanding the risk and resilience factors, and for choosing the best personalized treatment strategy.

Methods
The catchment area is north-west of Iran, with the majority having an Azeri ethnic background. All participants are evaluated for clinical signs and symptoms as well as risk and resilient factors and followed up for outcome in several domains. Here we give report of first 100 registered patients (male/female: 1.6).

Results
Patients are diagnosed with schizophrenia (23), brief psychotic disorder (4), schizophrenifom (9), amphetamine induced psychotic disorder (12), psychotic disorder NOS and schizoaffective (27). The mean score of PANSS was 26.79±20.62.
Their mean age is 29.8±11.5. High school diploma or higher was achieved by 45. While 60 were single, 21 were married at the moment and 35 had children. All of patients were Muslims, 30 scored moderate on religiosity and the remaining scored high. Level of multidimensional perceived social support was moderate and high in 80 patients. Only 4 were living alone. Level of internalized stigma was moderate and high in 16 patients. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 11.
Almost one third of patients had ever used substance including cigarette (20), alcohol (12), opioids (5), amphetamine (15) and cannabis (5). The most prevalent prescribed medication is risperidone (78). Metabolic syndrome criteria were fulfilled in 16 patients.

Discussion
Preliminary reports from ARAS cohort shows few differences between Iranian and European patients. Lower rate of metabolic syndrome, substance use (especially cannabis) and higher rate of religiosity, having social support, married situation and having children are noticed.
T156. FUNCTIONAL CONNECTIVITY AND RISK OF PSYCHOSIS: AN ACTIVATION LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION (ALE) META-ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING STUDIES
Authors: Del Fabro Lorenzo , Schmidt André , Delvecchio Giuseppe , D’Agostino Armando , Borgwardt Stefan , Brambilla Paolo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Disrupted communication involving large-scale neural networks is hypothesized to underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, as demonstrated by impaired resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). Seed-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in subjects at increased risk of developing psychosis have begun to identify abnormalities in rsFC, although reported findings remain mixed. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of seed-based resting-state fMRI studies to test whether high-risk subjects show rsFC alterations relative to healthy controls within and between the default mode network (DMN), control executive network (CEN), and salience network (SN).

Methods
A literature search was performed to identify seed-based resting-state fMRI studies comparing subjects with genetic risk factors, psychotic-like experiences, and clinical high-risk for psychosis to healthy controls. Then, coordinates of seed regions were extracted and categorized into networks by their location within a priori templates. Activation likelihood estimate (ALE) analysis examined the reported coordinates for hypo-connectivity and hyper-connectivity with each a priori network.

Results
The meta-analysis included 15 studies (774 subjects at risk, 628 healthy controls) on clinical high-risk for psychosis, 6 studies (123 subjects at risk, 147 healthy controls) on psychotic-like experiences, and 5 studies (173 subjects at risk, 256 healthy controls) on genetic risk factors of developing psychosis. We found specific patterns of hypo- and hyper-connectivity within and between large-scale networks. Our results showed that subjects with high-risk for psychosis were characterized by hypo-connectivity within the SN and CEN and hyper-connectivity within the DMN and CEN. Network seeds in the DMN, CEN, and SN displayed hyper-connectivity with regions in other networks. The DMN seeds displayed hypo-connectivity with regions in the CEN, while CEN and SN seeds displayed hypo-connectivity with regions in the DMN.

Discussion
This meta-analysis provides evidence that subjects at risk for psychosis present distinctive abnormalities of hyper- and hypo-connectivity within and between the DMN, CEN and SN, particularly implicating network dys-connectivity as a core deficit underlying the psychopathology of psychosis in the preclinical phase. More studies are needed to investigate whether subjects at risk to develop psychosis present patterns of dysfunction between the rsFC of healthy subjects and that of patients with established psychosis.