bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prevalência Dos Direitos Humanos – A Via Para A Busca Da Paz Na Proteção Do Direito Ao Meio Ambiente
Authors: Balera Wagner , Silva Roberta Soares da 
Published: January 2020

A busca da paz é o tema da ordem do dia, pois significa o homem poder escolher, por si mesmo, o seu destino, o seu comportamento. É poder ter direitos a ter direito de ser em todos os lugares, reconhecido como pessoa humana – de poder viver com dignidade, em um ambiente saudável, harmonioso e desenvolvido.
A dignidade é o valor fundante da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos. E a Declaração Universal é o instrumento de concretização desse ideário. A proteção do meio ambiente como um dos objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável encontra amparo na agenda 2030 – guiada pelos princípios da Carta das Nações, cuja finalidade é buscar uma sociedade mais justa, solidária, humana e pacificadora.
A busca da paz pela via do desenvolvimento sustentável é o caminho para o futuro da humanidade.
El Jurado Español, El Jurado Anglosajón Y El Escabinato. Instrucciones Y Veredicto. Breve Análisis Comparado
Authors: Martín José María Lombardero 
Published: January 2020

En este artículo se hará uso de la comparación para avanzar en la comprensión de la lógica interna del modelo español de Tribunal de Jurado, iluminando nuestra institución a la luz del contraste con el Jurado Puro anglosajón y el Tribunal de Escabinos.
La actual LOTJ de 1995 no supuso una ruptura con el modelo de sus precedentes históricos y sigue nominalmente el modelo anglosajón de Jurado Puro. Por ello es pertinente confrontarla con el jurado británico y estadounidense que los medios audiovisuales mantienen muy presente en el imaginario colectivo de los ciudadanos españoles, quienes pueden ser llamados a ejercer la potestad jurisdiccional pero en las condiciones que establece la LOTJ.
Sobre El Procedimento Para El Reconocimiento Y La Ejecución De Las Resoluciones De Embargo: El Reglamento (UE) 2018/1805
Authors: Marín María Ángeles Pérez 
Published: January 2020

El Reglamento (UE) 2018/1805 adopta normas comunes para garantizar la efectividad de los procedimientos reconocimiento y ejecución de resoluciones de embargo y resoluciones de decomiso en el espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia. Para ello, el legislador se basa en el principio de reconocimiento mutuo.
Hasta hoy, la regulación estaba excesivamente fragmentada y dificultaba una interpretación uniforme de las normas, con la consiguiente dificultad para lograr los objetivos del decomiso. En este contexto, el embargo es una medida fundamental, pues, a través de ella, los bienes que posteriormente serán decomisados permanecen localizados durante todo el proceso, garantizando el cumplimiento de la sentencia. Durante el procedimiento pueden concurrir circunstancias que impidan el reconocimiento o la ejecución que presentan algunas dificultades ante la necesidad de coordinar la regulación europea con la regulación nacional, provocando diferencias ente ordenamientos que no permiten considerar que nos encontramos ante procedimientos que garanticen idénticos resultados en todos los Estados miembros.
Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Daun Tin (Ficus carica L.) Berbasis Nanoteknologi Liposom Sebagai Pengobatan Antihiperglikemia
Authors: Nugroho Bambang Hernawan , Ningrum Aldia Dwi Karina , Pertiwi Denox Asih , Salsabila Tasya , Syukri Yandi 
Published: January 2020

Kandungan flavonoid dalam ekstrak daun tin (Ficus carica L.) memiliki aktiftas anti diabetes. Namun, ekstrak daun tin memiliki kelarutan dan absorpsi yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas liposom ekstrak daun tin sebagai antihiperglikemia terhadap kadar glukosa darah puasa ikan zebra. Ekstrak daun tin distandarisasi berdasarkan parameter nonspesifik kemudian diformulasikan ke dalam liposom. Selanjutnya dilakukan karakterisasi melalui pengamatan terbentuknya liposom secara visual, pembacaan ukuran partikel dengan Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), uji stabilitas, dan Transmission Electron Myroscope (TEM). Uji antihiperglikemia terdiri dari tiga kelompok dan dipilih secara acak. Kelompok kontrol negatif, positif, dan perlakuan diberi Aloksan pada hari pertama dan glukosa 1%. Pada hari ke-7, kelompok kontrol positif diberi Metformin, sedangkan kelompok perlakuan diberi liposom. Ikan zebra diperiksa kadar gula darah puasa dengan glucometer. Formula ke-5 dengan waktu ultrasonikasi selama 8 menit telah memenuhi kriteria sediaan liposom yang baik dengan karakteristik warna putih susu, ukuran partikel 116,17 ± 4,40nm; PI 0,439 ± 0,01Ð; zeta potensial -18,53 ± 0,41mV; stabil selama 24 jam; dengan morfologi bentuk bulat, memanjang, dan tidak beraturan. Liposom ekstrak daun tin terbukti mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah puasa ikan zebra sebesar 62,09%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa liposom ekstrak daun tin berpotensi sebagai alternatif pengobatan antihiperglikemia.
Penerapan Model Think Pair Share (TPS) dengan Benda Nyata untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Pecahan pada Peserta Didik Kelas II SDN Jenar Lor Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019
Authors: Anspita Gesti Dias 
Published: January 2020

<p>Gesti Dias Anspita.<strong> PENERAPAN MODEL <em>THINK PAIR SHARE</em> (TPS) DENGAN BENDA NYATA<em> </em>UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP DASAR PECAHAN PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS II SDN JENAR LOR TAHUN AJARAN 2018/2019. </strong>Skripsi, Surakarta: Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, September 2019.</p><p>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep dasar pecahan peserta didik kelas II SDN Jenar Lor Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019 melalui penerapan model <em>Think Pair Share </em>(TPS) dengan benda nyata. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Masing-masing siklus terdiri dari dua pertemuan. Tiap siklus meliputi kegiatan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas II SDN Jenar Lor tahun ajaran 2018/2019 dengan banyaknya peserta didik 17 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, wawancara, tes, dan dokumentasi. Teknik uji validitas data yang digunakan adalah validitas isi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik milik Miles dan Huberman, meliputi, pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan simpulan.</p><p>Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa saat pratindakan, belum ada peserta didik yang tuntas KKM dengan nilai rerata pratindakan 40,94. Setelah dilaksanakan penelitian siklus I, nilai rerata akhir siklus I menjadi 78,59 dengan ketuntasan klasikal 64,71%. Ketuntasan klasikal tersebut mengalami peningkatan pada pada siklus II menjadi 88,23% dengan nilai rerata 86. Simpulannya, penerapan model <em>Think Pair Share</em> (TPS) dengan benda nyata<em> </em> dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep pecahan pada peserta didik kelas II SDN Jenar Lor tahun ajaran 2018/2019.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: pemahaman konsep, pecahan, model <em>think pair share </em>dengan benda nyata, sekolah dasar.</p>
Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar PKn melalui Metode Kooperatif Pada Siswa SD
Authors: Suhartini Christina 
Published: January 2020

<p>Abstract. The formulation of the problem in this study is whether the cooperative method can be used to improve PKn learning achievement for grade IV students of SD Negeri 2 Nanggulan, District of Cawas, Klaten Regency, second semester 2017/2018 academic year? The goal to be achieved is to prove that the cooperative method can be used to improve PKn learning achievement of grade IV students of SD Negeri 2 Nanggulan, District of Cawas, Klaten Regency, second semester of the school year 2017/2018. This research was conducted at Nanggulan Cawas Klaten Public Elementary School 2. While the time of the study was<br />conducted from February to March 2018. The subjects of this study were grade IV students of SD Negeri 2 Nanggulan Cawas Klaten in the second semester of the school year 2017/2018. This action research uses the classroom action research flow. The data analysis technique used uses several stages, namely data reduction, presentation and conclusion. From the results of the research carried out since planning, repairs to implementation and evaluation, it can be concluded that the cooperative method can be used to improve PKn learning achievement of fourth grade students of SDN 2 Nanggulan, District of Cawas, Klaten Regency, second semester 2017/2018 school year. This was proven before the improvement in the percentage of students' completeness in learning was only 27.78% or 5 students, in the improvement of the first cycle to 55.6% (of 18 students, which was not completed 8 students) and in the second cycle the percentage of student mastery reached 94, 44%. Of the 18 students, 17 of them have achieved mastery learning, while the one student is still incomplete.</p>
Upaya Meningkatkan Kompetensi Guru dalam Menyusun Silabus melalui Bimbingan dan Supervisi di SD Negeri 1 Kalinanas
Authors: Rusmiyati S 
Published: January 2020

<p>Abstract. The purpose of this study is to improve the competence of teachers in SD<br />Negeri 1 Kalinanas in compiling learning syllabus documents. The study was conducted at SD Negeri 1 Kalinanas for ± 5 months starting July 2015 to December 2015. The number of teachers in SD Negeri 1 Kalinanas who attended Guidance and Supervision amounted to 9 teachers. Data collection is done through interviews, observation and documentation. From the interview, the results showed that overall the teachers at SD Negeri 1 Kalinanas stated that it was important to prepare the learning syllabus documents very well. The study was conducted in 2 cycles. In the pre cycle, the average value of 77 was obtained with a percentage of 52% achievement of all teachers in the syllabus preparation research indicator. In cycle 1 the average value was 84 with 67% achievement of all teachers in the syllabus preparation research indicators, and the second cycle on average 98 with a 95% percentage of achievement of all teachers in the syllabus preparation research indicators. There was an increase in teacher competency in the preparation of syllabus after Guidance and Supervision were carried out by the principal of SD 1 Kalinanas.</p>
Peningkatan Kemampuan Membaca Puisi Anak dengan Pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) pada Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Sutarti Sutarti 
Published: January 2020

<p>Abstract. This study aims to determine the improvement of children's poetry reading skills with the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach in Class V Students of SDN 2 Nanggulan, District of Cawas, Klaten Regency, Semester I, Academic Year 2018/2019. This Classroom Action Research was conducted in the fifth grade of Nanggulan Elementary School 2 in Cawas District, Klaten Regency with a total of 17 students, consisting of 3 male students and 14 female students. This classroom action research is carried out three cycles in a continuous manner. Each cycle is carried out by planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting to determine the effectiveness of the action. Based on the analysis, it can be<br />concluded as follows: First, based on observations of teacher performance the results of the average score of teacher performance have increased from learning Cycle I for 1.3 Cycle II learning to 2.3, and at Cycle III 2.7. With the criteria of a sufficient limit score is a score of 2 and a score of 3 is good; Second, based on student activity data for three cycles, the average score about student activity experienced an increase from Cycle I learning at 1.2 learning Cycle II to 2.0 and in Cycle III learning to 2.8; Third, based on the results of the assessment of<br />reading children's poetry with the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach, the average score of the test results and assignments has increased from Cycle I learning to 70.89 Cycle II learning to 75.59 and Cycle III learning to 79.71 . Increasing the percentage of classical learning completeness by learning cycle I was 41.18%, learning Cycle II became 58.82%, and learning in Cycle III reached 82.35%. Thus through the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach the ability to read children's poetry in Class V students of SD Negeri 2 Nanggulan, District of Cawas, Klaten Regency, in the first semester of school year 2018/2019 can increase.</p>
Upaya Peningkatan Motivasi Belajar Lari Jarak Pendek melalui Metode Bermain pada Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Suwarti Titi 
Published: January 2020

<p>Abstract. Short distance learning in Mlese Gantiwarno Public Elementary School 2 in Klaten, which is monotonous, makes students feel bored so that the process and achievement of learning outcomes are less than optimal. This study aims to determine the increase in motivation to learn short distance running in fifth grade students of SD Negeri 2 Mlese Gantiwarno Klaten Semester II 2017/2018 Academic Year through the method of playing. This research is a Classroom Action Research. The subjects in this study were fifth grade students of SDN 2 Mlese, Gantiwarno District, Klaten Regency, which amounted to 20 students. The<br />data collection technique uses observation sheets to determine student interest, motivation questionnaires, and student perform nce sheets. The results showed that the average score of the aspects of interest was 76.35 so that the average interest of students had exceeded 70, thus the interest of students had increased. The performance aspects of students showed an average value of 72.95, this indicates that the value of students has achieved a minimum of completeness, namely 70, so that the target of 70% of students completed has been fulfilled.<br />Based on the motivation questionnaire shows that 64.1% of children have good motivation. The fifth grade students of SD Negeri 2 Mlese in each cycle experienced an increase and by giving the method of playing students felt happy or felt interested in taking short distance learning. So that learning through the method of playing approach in short distance running material in class V students of SD Negeri 2 Mlese has succeeded in increasing students' motivation and learning achievement in following the learning.</p>
Barriers to Health Care for Latino Youths During Community Reentry After Incarceration: Los Angeles County, California, 2016–2018
Authors: Barnert Elizabeth S. , Lopez Nathalie , Chung Paul J. 
Published: January 2020

Objectives. To examine barriers to health care for Latino youths during reentry after incarceration. Methods. For this in-depth qualitative study, we conducted 69 semistructured interviews with 22 Latino youths and their parents at 1, 3, and 6 months after incarceration. We performed thematic analysis of interview transcripts, from which a preliminary conceptual model emerged describing barriers to care for Latino youths. We then conducted trajectory analyses of dyadic youth–caregiver pairs to test the conceptual model. We collected longitudinal interviews in Los Angeles County, California, from November 2016 to March 2018. Results. Beyond recognized stressors experienced by youths during reentry, most of which families related to poverty and neighborhood environment, Latino youths also experienced cultural barriers to care (i.e., self-reliance and pride, religiosity and reproductive care as taboo, preference for home remedies, language) as well as barriers to care because of undocumented status (i.e., fear of deportation, job insecurity). Conclusions. Reentry is challenging, and Latino youths face additional barriers to care during reentry related to culture and legal status, but have cultural strengths. Increased access to culturally sensitive, safety-net health care, regardless of immigration status, may reduce health inequalities for Latino youths undergoing reentry.
Psychological Distress in Solitary Confinement: Symptoms, Severity, and Prevalence in the United States, 2017–2018
Authors: Reiter Keramet , Ventura Joseph , Lovell David , Augustine Dallas , Barragan Melissa , Blair Thomas , Chesnut Kelsie , Dashtgard Pasha , Gonzalez Gabriela , Pifer Natalie , Strong Justin 
Published: January 2020

Objectives. To specify symptoms and measure prevalence of psychological distress among incarcerated people in long-term solitary confinement. Methods. We gathered data via semistructured, in-depth interviews; Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) assessments; and systematic reviews of medical and disciplinary files for 106 randomly selected people in solitary confinement in the Washington State Department of Corrections in 2017. We performed 1-year follow-up interviews and BPRS assessments with 80 of these incarcerated people, and we present the results of our qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics. Results. BPRS results showed clinically significant symptoms of depression, anxiety, or guilt among half of our research sample. Administrative data showed disproportionately high rates of serious mental illness and self-harming behavior compared with general prison populations. Interview content analysis revealed additional symptoms, including social isolation, loss of identity, and sensory hypersensitivity. Conclusions. Our coordinated study of rating scale, interview, and administrative data illustrates the public health crisis of solitary confinement. Because 95% or more of all incarcerated people, including those who experienced solitary confinement, are eventually released, understanding disproportionate psychopathology matters for developing prevention policies and addressing the unique needs of people who have experienced solitary confinement, an extreme element of mass incarceration.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Drug- and Alcohol-Related Arrest Outcomes in a Southwest County From 2009 to 2018
Authors: Camplain Ricky , Camplain Carolyn , Trotter Robert T. , Pro George , Sabo Samantha , Eaves Emery , Peoples Marie , Baldwin Julie A. 
Published: January 2020

Objectives. To estimate the association between race/ethnicity and drug- and alcohol-related arrest outcomes. Methods. We used multinomial logistic regression and general estimating equations to estimate the association between race/ethnicity and arrest outcomes in 36 073 drug- and alcohol-related arrests obtained from administrative records in a Southwest US county from 2009 to 2018. Results were stratified by charge type. Results. Among misdemeanor drug- and alcohol-related arrests, American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.32, 3.90), Latino (AOR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.35, 1.73), and Black persons (AOR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.55) were more likely than White persons to be booked into jail as opposed to cited and released. AI/AN (AOR = 10.77; 95% CI = 9.40, 12.35), Latino (AOR = 2.63; 95% CI = 2.12, 3.28), and Black persons (AOR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.19, 2.84) also were more likely than White persons to be convicted and serve time for their misdemeanor charges. Results were similar for felony drug- and alcohol-related arrests aggregated and stratified. Conclusions. Our results suggest that race/ethnicity is associated with outcomes in drug-related arrests and that overrepresentation of racial/ethnic minorities in the criminal justice system cannot be attributed to greater use of drugs and alcohol in general.
Incarceration and Number of Sexual Partners After Incarceration Among Vulnerable US Women, 2007–2017
Authors: Knittel Andrea K. , Shook-Sa Bonnie E. , Rudolph Jacqueline , Edmonds Andrew , Ramirez Catalina , Cohen Mardge , Adedimeji Adebola , Taylor Tonya , Michel Katherine G. , Milam Joel , Cohen Jennifer , Donohue Jessica , Foster Antonina , Fischl Margaret , Konkle-Parker Deborah , Adimora Adaora A. 
Published: January 2020

Objectives. To examine whether women’s incarceration increases numbers of total and new sexual partners. Methods. US women with or at risk for HIV in a multicenter cohort study answered incarceration and sexual partner questions semiannually between 2007 and 2017. We used marginal structural models to compare total and new partners at visits not following incarceration with all visits following incarceration and visits immediately following incarceration. Covariates included demographics, HIV status, sex exchange, drug or alcohol use, and housing instability. Results. Of the 3180 participants, 155 were incarcerated. Women reported 2 partners, 3 or more partners, and new partners at 5.2%, 5.2%, and 9.3% of visits, respectively. Relative to visits not occurring after incarceration, odds ratios were 2.41 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20, 4.85) for 2 partners, 2.03 (95% CI = 0.97, 4.26) for 3 or more partners, and 3.24 (95% CI = 1.69, 6.22) for new partners at visits immediately after incarceration. Odds ratios were similar for all visits following incarceration. Conclusions. Women had more total partners and new partners immediately and at all visits following incarceration after confounders and loss to follow-up had been taken into account.
Quantifying the Restrictiveness of Local Housing Authority Policies Toward People With Criminal Justice Histories: United States, 2009–2018
Authors: Purtle Jonathan , Gebrekristos Luwam T. , Keene Danya , Schlesinger Penelope , Niccolai Linda , Blankenship Kim M. 
Published: January 2020

Objectives. To quantify variation in the restrictiveness of local public housing authority policies related to the admission and eviction of people with criminal justice histories. Methods. We conducted content analysis of housing authority policy documents for US cities with a population of 100 000 or more (n = 152). Factor analysis identified policy provisions to create a restrictiveness score (range = 0–8). We explored associations between restrictiveness scores and city-level measures of racial/ethnic diversity, racial/ethnic neighborhood segregation, ideology, and public housing scarcity. Results. Eight policy provisions, 6 relating to consideration of mitigating circumstances, explained 71.0% of the variance in housing authority policy provisions related to criminal justice histories. We observed small but significant positive associations between restrictiveness scores and racial/ethnic diversity (r = 0.22) and neighborhood segregation (r = 0.18). There was no correlation between restrictiveness scores of housing authorities within the same state (intraclass correlation = 0.0002). Conclusions. Housing authority policies vary substantially regarding the circumstances under which people with criminal justice histories can obtain and retain public housing. Exposure to constellations of policy provisions that might institutionalize health inequities and increase health risk among people with criminal justice histories can be quantified through a systematic process.
Policy Determinants of Inequitable Exposure to the Criminal Legal System and Their Health Consequences Among Young People
Authors: Duarte Catherine d. P. , Salas-Hernández Leslie , Griffin Joseph S. 
Published: January 2020

Criminalizing young people, particularly Black- and Brown-identified young people, has increasingly been a feature of US rhetoric, policies, and practices. Thus, the domains in which young people are exposed to the legal system have continued to expand, encompassing their communities, schools, and homes. Importantly, public health researchers have begun exploring links between legal system exposure and health, although this literature is primarily focused at the interpersonal level and assesses associations within a single domain or in adulthood.Using critical race theory and ecosocial theory of disease distribution, we identified potential policy-level determinants of criminalization and briefly summarized the literature on downstream health outcomes among young people. Our analysis suggests that policy decisions may facilitate the targeting of structurally marginalized young people across domains.Future research should (1) position these legislative decisions as primary exposures of interest to understand their association with health among young people and inform institutional-level intervention, (2) measure the totality of exposure to the criminal legal system across domains, and (3) use theory to examine the complex ways racism operates institutionally to shape inequitable distributions of associated health outcomes.