bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BRCA1 subcellular localization regulated by PI3K signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells
Authors: Ma Bin , Guo Wenjia , Shan Meihui , Zhang Nan , Ma Binlin , Sun Gang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study is to investigate the effect of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway on the regulation of BRCA1 subcellular localization in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells and hormone-sensitive T47D cells. We found that heregulin-activated T47D cells showed more nuclear localization of BRCA1, but BRCA1 nuclear localization decreased after the inhibition of the PI3K signaling pathway. In MDA-MB-231 cells, activation or inhibition of the PI3K signaling pathway did not significantly affect cell apoptosis and BRCA1 nuclear translocation (P > 0.05). However, in T47D cells, the activation of the PI3K pathway significantly increased cell apoptosis (P < 0.05). In the heregulin-activated MDA-MB-231 and T47D cells, the phosphorylation of Akt and BRCA1 was significantly increased (P < 0.05), while that was significantly reduced after PI3K pathway inhibition (P < 0.05). The changing trends of the mRNA levels of Akt and BRCA1 in MDA-MB-231 and T47D cells after PI3K pathway activation or inhibition were consistent with the trends of their proteins. In both MDA-MB-231 and T47D cells, BRCA1 phosphorylation is regulated by the PI3K signaling pathway, but the nuclear localization of BRCA1 is different in these two cell lines. Moreover, the apoptosis rates of these two cell lines are different.
Effects of calcium dobesilate (CaD) interference on serum creatinine measurements: a national External Quality Assessment (EQA)-based educational survey of drug-laboratory test interactions
Authors: Zhang Tianjiao , Guo Xiuzhi , Hou Li’an , Zhao Haijian , Ma Rong , Xia Liangyu , Li Honglei , You Tingting , Qiu Ling , Zhang Chuanbao 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Drug-laboratory test interactions (DLTIs) are one of the major sources of laboratory errors. Calcium dobesilate (CaD) interference on serum creatinine testing is a widespread problem that has long been ignored in China. A national EQA-based survey was launched to investigate the current status of CaD interference on creatinine routine methods used in China and enhance the education of CaD interference in clinical laboratories.

Methods
A descriptive survey was developed to characterize the status quo of Chinese laboratory professionals’ cognition to CaD interference. Four of survey samples which were spiked with/without interference additive were shipped to 175 participant laboratories. The target reference values from a reference measurement procedure were compared against the results from participating laboratories to evaluate the CaD interference on serum creatinine measurements using enzymatic method or Jaffé method.

Results
The lack of knowledge of DLTIs and the barriers to collect information from pharmacological and laboratory data systems had become the main problems on implementing DLTIs education in China. A significant negative influence of CaD on enzymatic method was observed regardless of measurement platforms. Jaffé method was generally free from interaction with CaD but showed poor precision and accuracy at low creatinine concentrations.

Conclusions
More efforts should be made to enhance the education of DLTIs in clinical laboratories in China.
Conceptual blends in Polish anti-refugee rhetoric
Authors: Linde-Usiekniewicz Jadwiga 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPresent day anti-refugee and anti-immigrant rhetoric both in European countries and in the USA makes reference both to shared tropes and to culture-specific rhetoric devices. The paper analyzes four instances of Polish rabid anti-refugee rhetoric that is eminently country specific: they invoke Holocaust scenario as the means of dealing with the refugee question, should they appear on Polish soil, and specifically suggest exterminating them in former Nazi death camps. The analysis is carried out within the Conceptual Integration Theory, amended by the Author with the notion of parasitic blends: these are said to occur when audiences recruit into the blend some elements of the two input spaces that were not intended to be recruited and come up with an emergent meaning that differ from the intended one. It is claimed that such possibility is actually built into CIT and explains why some of the criticism of CIT claims blends’ non-predictability and generally ex-post character of most analyses found in relevant literature.
Learning formulaic creativity: Chunking in verbal art and speech – a response to Cristóbal Pagán Cánovas
Authors: Bergs Alexander 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis response to the paper by Cristóbal Pagán Cánovas argues that wide-learning networks might actually be useful in the description and analysis of phonology and morphology, but it is less than clear that the same applies to syntax or text. Phenomena such as proverbs and oral poetic formulae are probably better understood in a traditional Construction Grammar framework with mid-level abstract units based on compositionality.
Thinking like an electron: concepts pertinent to developing proficiency in organic reaction mechanisms
Authors: Nedungadi Sachin , Brown Corina E. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The difficulties students face with organic reaction mechanisms have been the subject of much research in chemical education however, no concept inventory has been reported in this area. The development of a concept inventory would be useful for the large-scale assessment of students’ understanding of concepts pertinent to developing proficiency in reaction mechanisms. The first step in the design of such an inventory is identifying the pertinent concepts. In phase 1 of this study, open-ended interviews were carried out with organic chemistry instructors (N = 11) in order to ascertain their opinions on pertinent concepts for developing proficiency in reaction mechanisms. Phase 2 of the study consisted of a national survey of organic chemistry instructors (N = 183) to explore the general consensus regarding the concepts identified in phase 1. The results yielded 10 concepts identified by experts to be pertinent to reaction mechanisms. The general consensus among organic chemistry instructors is that the topic of reaction mechanisms is important to the study of organic chemistry, but students have difficulty understanding the meaning of the curved-arrow notation. Future work will include the design and development of a concept inventory based on these pertinent concepts.
Designing a scaffold for mechanistic reasoning in organic chemistry
Authors: Graulich Nicole , Caspari Ira 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Designing problems and learning activities is a key factor to initiating students’ engagement with the course material and influencing their reasoning processes. Although tasks and problems are a central part of teaching and assessments in the chemistry classroom, they may not engage students in deep reasoning or in a way that is intended through a task. Some problems may cause an algorithmic or a surface approach. Even with designing clever problems, students may not use a larger variety of chemistry ideas and connect them in meaningful ways. Here the idea of scaffolding students’ answering process comes into play. Structuring students’ reasoning process through instructional prompts or structured worksheets supports students in activating and connecting knowledge pieces in a more meaningful way and positively slows down their fast decision-making process. This paper will discuss the importance of asking questions in chemistry teaching and highlights the idea of contrasting cases, drawn from cognitive psychology, as a task design principle. In addition to having contrasting cases as a good problem format, the idea of scaffolding students’ reasoning while solving contrasting cases through the use of instructional prompts that scaffold the reasoning process will be exemplarily showcased for mechanistic reasoning in organic chemistry.
Sociocultural learning in emergency medicine: a holistic examination of competence
Authors: Docherty Marcia A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
In the medical community of practice, the resident is situated in systems of professional and cultural activities. How diagnostic competence manifests in their sociocultural context is examined through situativity and systems theories. A holistic model is proposed that could examine diagnostic competence across micro (individual), meso (activity), and macro (cultural) systems.

Methods
Two short scenarios are presented resulting from observations of emergency medicine residents and their supervising physicians. These scenarios are analyzed using a trans-theoretical model of situativity and systems theories to understand how diagnostic competence manifests in practice (activity system).

Results
Assessment of diagnostic competence in a sociocultural context may require assessment of responses to contextual factors that seem immaterial to clinical reasoning. This information may signal that the resident also has the skills to identify appropriate information channels within an activity system and can accurately collect and prioritize clinical information within those channels. Therefore, the formal assessment of competent clinical reasoning performance, as a situated practice, may benefit from delineating how much of the context of an activity system is required to be competently managed and synthesized across the competency milestones.

Conclusions
The examination of diagnostic competence as a sociocultural practice can provide a unique and holistic examination of clinical reasoning performance and assessment.
Surface Hardening of Aluminium Alloy with Addition of Zinc Particles by Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Muhayat Nurul , Utama Alvian Restu Putra , Triyono  
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Mechanical alloying can be carried out by a method known as friction stir processing, whereby solid Zn particles in a solution are distributed onto an aluminium alloy plate. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a volume of Zn particles on the mechanical and physical properties of aluminium 1xxx alloy that had been subjected to friction stir processing. The specimens were plates composed of 1xxx series aluminium. A groove, measuring 12 mm in diameter, was pierced to various depths, and the Zn particles in these containers were then subjected to friction stir processing using a pin-less tool with a diameter of 15 mm. The results showed that the highest hardness was found in the uppermost layer of the workpiece, and this gradually decreased with thickness. An increase in the amount of Zn particles caused an increase in material hardness. The highest hardness of 87.1 HV in the friction stir-processed AA1100 was obtained at the highest volume of Zn compared to the hardness of 44.5 HV, which was obtained for the specimen without the addition of Zn.
Is the Interest Rate Channel still working? Post-Crisis Evidence from German SMEs
Authors: Gerstenberger Juliane 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Using a unique dataset from German small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), we test whether pessimistic business expectations have impeded the functioning of the interest rate channel during the post-crisis period. We estimate firms’ user cost elasticity of capital for the period 2008–2015, and test whether this elasticity differs for firms that hold pessimistic business expectations compared with those that hold positive expectations. Our results show that SMEs have significantly responded to changes in the user cost of capital during the post-crisis period. However, the results are mainly driven by SMEs that hold positive business expectations. Firms having neutral or negative expectations depict a much smaller user cost elasticity, which is not statistically different from zero. Our results reveal the limitations of an expansionary monetary policy and confirm the important role that expectations play for firms’ investment decisions.
Application of a novel Polydopamine@EDTA@Fe3O4 material for efficient simultaneous nitrogen and nickel removal in an immobilized biofilm reactor
Authors: Su Junfeng , Liu Jian , Guo Dongxin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
High NO3
− and Ni(II) concentrations in mining wastewater pose a risk to public health. In this study, the NO3
− and Ni(II) removal process was performed using a novel PDA@EDTA@Fe3O4 immobilization carrier. The effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT; 6, 8, and 10 h), along with Fe(II) (10, 15, and 20 mg/L) and Ni(II) (10, 20, and 30 mg/L) influent concentrations on the simultaneous removal of NO3
− and Ni(II) were investigated in immobilized biofilm reactors. Results showed that the highest NO3
− removal efficiency (97.78%) and Ni(II) removal efficiency (91.21%) were obtained in the immobilized biofilm reactor with PDA@EDTA@Fe3O4 under the conditions of 10 h HRT, influent Fe(II) concentrations of 20 mg/L and Ni(II) concentrations of 10 mg/L. High-throughput sequencing results confirmed that Cupriavidus sp.CC1 plays a major role in the functioning of the immobilized reactor. This process provides the potential for effective treatment of NO3
− and Ni(II) polluted water.
Modulatory properties of cardiac and quercetin glycosides from Dacryodes edulis seeds during L-NAME-induced vascular perturbation
Authors: Amadi Peter Uchenna , Agomuo Emmanuel Nnabugwu , Adumekwe Chiamaka Winifred 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Numerous food wastes have been identified to possess potent bioactive compounds used for the treatment of several diseases. Therefore this study evaluated the potentials of cardiac and quercetin glycosides extracted from Dacryodes edulis seeds to reverse vascular and endothelial damage (VAED).

Methods
The glycoside composition of the seeds was extracted using standard methods and characterized by gas chromatography. We then recruited rats with L-NAME-induced VAED based on confirmatory biomarkers cardiac troponin (CnT), cellular adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), RAAS, VWF, endothelin, eNOx, and homocysteine. Only rats that showed total alterations of all biomarkers were recruited into the respective experimental groups and treated with either metaprolol succinate (met.su) + losartan or glycoside extracts of D. edulis seeds (NPSG).

Results
Chromatographic isolation of glycosides in the seed showed predominance of artemetin (1.59 mg/100 g), amygdalin (3.68 mg/100 g), digitoxin (19.21 mg/100 g), digoxin (27.23 mg/100 g), avicularin (133.59 mg/100 g), and hyperoside (481.76 mg/100 g). We observed decreased water intake and higher heart beats under vascular damage as the experiment progressed up to the fourth week. The met.su + losartan and H.D NPSG proved effective in restoring troponin, but both doses of NPSG normalized the VCAM-1 and RAAS activities excluding aldosterone and Lp-PLA2. Among the endothelial dysfunction biomarkers, H.D NPSG produced equivalent effects to met.su + losartan towards restoring the eNOx and VWF activities, but showed higher potency in normalizing the endothelin and Hcy levels.

Conclusions
We thus propose that the synergistic effect of the isolated glycosides from D. edulis shown in our study proved potent enough at high doses in treatment of vascular and endothelial dysfunction.
On characteristic behavior and flattened chromatic dispersion properties of bent photonic crystal fibers
Authors: Seraji Faramarz E. , Anzabi Leila Chehreghani 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper by using modified scalar effective index method, first effective refractive index of straight and bent photonic crystal fibers are determined and then propagation parameters, such as chromatic dispersions for different structural designs of PCF, are obtained. By changing the values of affecting parameters in the bent PCF, such as different bent radius, distance between air holes

Λ

$\Lambda $

and air-filling factor

d
/
Λ
,

$d/\Lambda ,$

the chromatic dispersion is determined in terms of propagating wavelengths. The obtained results of bent PCF are compared with the results of straight PCF. The results of the present paper might be useful in designing optical devices and sensing systems.
Collective Violence and Politics in Argentina
Authors: Gamallo Leandro 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe transition and consolidation of the democratic regime in Argentina banished violence as a means of gaining access to state power. However, the frequent appearance of violent protests (“outbursts,” riots, looting or “puebladas,” among others) interrogates the persistence of violent collective actions and their relations with the dynamics of institutional policy in the current democratic framework. To what extent do these facts form part of the new repertoires of action, as several authors maintain? Are they actions that are an instrument of politics, or are they the expression of a radical opposition to the system? On the other hand, the emergence of a multiple and a fragmented form of violence go hand in hand with the emergence of illegalities of various kinds: the expansion of informal and illegal economies (the trade in drugs, weapons and people, among the main ones). The proven complicity of the state institutions in these processes also questions the relationship between politics and violence, although in a different register. Is it an institutional “flaw” or a new form of government? To what extent does such violence represent strategies of political accumulation?
Introduction: The Global Riot
Authors: Brighenti Maura , Cavallero Lucía , Cuppini Niccolò , Stark Alejo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The past few years have seen a number of “riots” – in Mexico City, Hong Kong, Chile, Ecuador, the United States, Argentina, France, the United Kingdom, and elsewhere. What do they have in common with one another and with other popular upheavals in history? How do they differ? What do they represent as sites of protest, resistance and rebellion? This forum explores the meaning of such riots through the meaning of the term itself, focusing mainly but not exclusively on the Global South, in theory and in the words and actions of rioters and the authorities who act to suppress them. If it is true the world has entered a “new age of riots,” citizens and scholars must begin to reach some conceptual clarity of what a global riot is, and seeks to become.
Micronutrients status of mango (Mangifera indica) orchards in Multan region, Punjab, Pakistan, and relationship with soil properties
Authors: Ahmed Niaz , Umer Ayta , Ali Muhammad Arif , Iqbal Javed , Mubashir Muhammad , Grewal Abdul Ghaffar , Butt Beenish , Rasheed Muhammad Khalid , Chaudhry Usman Khalid 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Mango orchards in Pakistan are deficient in soil micronutrients. Multan is one of the prime regions for mango production in Pakistan; therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the micronutrient status of mango orchards in the Multan region. Soil samples from four different depths (0–30, 30–60, 60–90, and 90–120 cm) and leaf samples were collected from thirteen different locations of Multan. Depth-wise variations in the micronutrient status and the levels of pH, EC, CEC, SOM, and CaCO3 were determined. All data collected from the field and laboratory work of mango orchards under study were analyzed statistically by applying the RCBD design. It was observed that pH and ECe of soil under study were significantly higher in upper depths when compared with lower depths whereas CaCO3 content was contrary to pH and EC as it was observed to be higher from the lower depth of the soil. Moreover, mango leaves from the majority of locations were deficient in total micronutrients due to poorly available micronutrients status of the soil. Thus, there is a serious need to improve the chemical properties of the soil, and the proper dose of micronutrients should be applied every season for sufficient supply throughout the growing cycle of mango in and around the Multan region.
Macrokinetic investigation of the interaction mechanism of the pyrophoric iron nanopowder compacts with air
Authors: Alymov Michail I. , Seplyarskii Boris S. , Rubtsov Nickolai M. , Vadchenko Sergey G. , Kochetkov Roman А. , Abzalov Nayil I. , Kovalyov Ivan D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
It is shown that self-heating of a compacted sample made of nonpassivated iron nanopowder is not uniform, although it begins simultaneously within the entire surface of the sample. It is found that the maximum temperature of self-heating decreases with an increase in relative density of samples, which indicates that the oxidation process is limited by the diffusion supply of oxidant. It is shown that the process of interaction of samples with the air occurs in a superficial mode. A qualitative agreement of the results of the theoretical analysis with experimental data is obtained. The possibility of passivation of compacted samples made of iron nanopowder is experimentally established.
Synthetic models of hydrogenases based on framework structures containing coordinating P, N-atoms as hydrogen energy electrocatalysts – from molecules to materials
Authors: Budnikova Yulia H. , Khrizanforova Vera V. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, hydrogen has become not only an extremely important chemical product but also a promising clean energy carrier for replacing fossil fuels. Production of molecular H2 through electrochemical hydrogen evolution reactions is crucial for the development of clean-energy technologies. The development of economically viable and efficient H2 production/oxidation catalysts is a key step in the creation of H2-based renewable energy infrastructure. Intrinsic limitations of both natural enzymes and synthetic materials have led researchers to explore enzyme-induced catalysts to realize a high current density at a low overpotential. In recent times, highly active widespread numerous electrocatalysts, both homogeneous or heterogeneous (immobilized on the electrode), such as transition metal complexes, heteroatom- or metal-doped nanocarbons, metal-organic frameworks, and other metal derivatives (calix [4] resorcinols, pectates, etc.), which are, to one extent or another, structural or functional analogs of hydrogenases, have been extensively studied as alternatives for Pt-based catalysts, demonstrating prospects for the development of a “hydrogen economy”. This mini-review generalizes some achievements in the field of development of new electrocatalysts for H2 production/oxidation and their application for fuel cells, mainly focuses on the consideration of the catalytic activity of M[P2N2]2
2+ (M = Ni, Fe) complexes and other nickel structures which have been recently obtained.
Competitive ways for three-component cyclization of polyfluoroalkyl-3-oxo esters, methyl ketones and amino alcohols
Authors: Saloutin Victor I. , Goryaeva Marina V. , Kushch Svetlana O. , Khudina Olga G. , Ezhikova Marina A. , Kodess Mikhail I. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Burgart Yanina V. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The competitive routes were found for three-component cyclization of polyfluoroalkyl-3-oxo esters, methyl ketones with 3-amino alcohols. It was shown that the reactions with 3-aminopropanol in 1,4-dioxane predominantly lead to hexahydropyrido[2,1-b][1,3]oxazin-6-ones, and in ethanol to 3-hydroxypropylaminocyclohexenones. In contrast, cyclizations with 2-aminoethanol and its analogues, regardless of the reaction conditions, yield hexahydrooxazolo[3,2-a]pyridin-5-ones as the main products. The trans- and cis-diastereomeric structure of heterocycles was established using X-ray and 1H, 19F, 13C NMR spectroscopy, 2D 1H-13C HSQC and HMBC experiments. The mechanism is proposed for competitive transformations of polyfluoroalkyl-3-oxo esters, methyl ketones with 3-amino alcohols.