bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A location‐aware network virtualization and reconfiguration for 5G core network based on SDN and NFV
Authors: Kim Yong‐hwan , Gil Joon‐Min , Kim Dongkyun 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIn 5G networks, mobile network and service functions run as software on general‐purpose servers that are distributed across remote sites. Dedicated networks, such as Internet of Things (IoT) network, disaster network, and immersive media network, are virtualized as software solutions on common hardware equipment. This means a new network can be easily provisioned by modifying the configurations of the network based on software‐defined networking (SDN) and network functions virtualization (NFV). Furthermore, the 5G core network architecture toward flat architecture with distributed cloud is a key solution for providing service flexibility and scalability in order to handle an explosive increase in mobile data traffic. To create heterogeneous networks and services on 5G networks, we propose a location‐aware network virtualization method that aims at minimizing the network load and resource cost by appropriately selecting the relevant cloud (including Virtual Machines (VMs), virtual network function [VNF] nodes, applications, and resources) and mobile core entities to provide the required virtual networking services that facilitate secure isolation of the virtual networks with automated resource convergence. In addition, we propose a selective mobility management scheme for service continuity in cases of user equipment (UE) handover. The numerical results show the trade‐off between the different cost factors, ie, network cost and service resources cost in terms of the number of deployed clouds on 5G core networks.
Zerstörungsarme Bestimmung der Steindruckfestigkeit von Bestandsmauerwerk aus Hochlochziegeln
Authors: Köpf Andreas , Schranz Christian , Pech Anton 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAufgrund baulicher Maßnahmen an Bestandsobjekten im Zuge der städtischen Wohnraumverdichtung und der Erhaltung von denkmalgeschützten Gebäuden ist es von Bedeutung, die Güte des Bestandsmauerwerks nachweisen zu können. Als maßgebender Parameter für den statischen Nachweis ist in erster Linie die Druckfestigkeit des Mauerwerks von Interesse, die sich aus der Steindruckfestigkeit und der Mörteldruckfestigkeit zusammensetzt. Für Bestandsmauerwerk aus Hochlochziegeln gibt es bisher keine Prüfmethoden, die ohne starke Eingriffe in die statische Tragwirkung anwendbar sind und die es ermöglichen, nur anhand von Teilen des Ziegels dessen Druckfestigkeit zu bestimmen.Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt ein zerstörungsarmes Prüfverfahren zur Ermittlung der Steindruckfestigkeit von Hochlochziegeln in Bestandsmauerwerk vor. Für dieses Prüfverfahren werden ausschließlich Kleinprüfkörper aus Teilen der verbauten Hochlochziegel verwendet. Dadurch wird das Bestandsmauerwerk kaum gestört und die statische Tragwirkung nur unwesentlich beeinträchtigt.Die Ergebnisse durchgeführter Versuche zeigen, dass sich ein plausibler Zusammenhang zwischen der Steindruckfestigkeit eines Mauersteins und der Stempeldruckfestigkeit eines daraus gewonnenen Kleinprüfkörpers herstellen lässt. Auf dieser Grundlage wird ein Konzept für eine zerstörungsarme Prüfmethode vorgestellt, welche die Bestimmung der Steindruckfestigkeit in Bestandsobjekten aus Hochlochziegeln ermöglicht.
Museumsstück oder Verkehrsbauwerk – Aspekte zur Instandsetzung der Steinernen Brücke in Regensburg
Authors: Egermann Ralph 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDie älteste noch nutzbare Steinbogenbrücke Deutschlands ist seit 2010 behutsam instand gesetzt und im Juni 2018 wieder komplett zur Nutzung freigegeben worden. Aufbauend auf Voruntersuchungen und Musterinstandsetzungen mussten bei der Planung zum einen die baurechtlichen und verkehrspolitischen Anforderungen an eine innerstädtische Verkehrsverbindung berücksichtigt werden. Zum anderen waren bei der Bauausführung die Bau‐ und Zierelemente von der Erbauungszeit zwischen 1135 und 1146 über erste Sanierungsphasen bis hin zu Kriegszerstörungen und verkehrstechnischen Ertüchtigungen angemessen zu bewahren. Der Bericht gibt einen Überblick über die Voruntersuchungen, die Planungen und ihre Randbedingungen sowie die daraus resultierenden Instandsetzungsarbeiten an einem nach wie vor genutzten Verkehrsbauwerk, das als Bestandteil des Denkmalensembles der historischen Altstadt von Regensburg zwischenzeitlich zu den Welterbestätten der UNESCO zählt.
Die Baugesellschaft Gebrüder Rank und ihre spanischen Ziegelgewölbe in München
Authors: Bühler Dirk 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDer gerüstfreie Bau von Gewölben mit dünnen gebrannten Ziegeln hat vor allem in Spanien und Italien eine jahrhundertealte Tradition. Seit Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts wurde diese Form ganz besonders auf dem amerikanischen Doppelkontinent erfolgreich verbreitet.Die Baugesellschaft Gebrüder Rank in München ist bisher als eines derjenigen Bauunternehmen bekannt, das schon sehr früh mit dem Betonbau in seiner Heimatstadt begonnen hat. Neue Untersuchungen, die vor allem durch die Bereitstellung von Archivmaterial durch Paul Basiner möglich wurden, deuten nun auf einen zusätzlichen Arbeitsschwerpunkt dieser Firma hin. Über die ab 1911 bestehende Zweigstelle in Spanien konnten sich die Architekten und Ingenieure der Firma auch mit dieser traditionellen spanischen Gewölbebauweise vertraut machen. Diese Kenntnisse waren vor allem in den Jahren nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg gefragt, als die zerstörten Gewölbe mit einfachen Mitteln und geringem Materialverbrauch wiedererrichtet werden mussten.Zusammen mit Carl Sattler, der ähnliche Bauverfahren in Italien kennengelernt hatte, wurden Ziegelgewölbe zunächst bei der Fertigstellung der Landeszentralbank in München angewandt. In den Folgejahren konnte die Firma Rank viele Gebäude in und um München mit Ziegelgewölben ausstatten. Erst in den 1960er Jahren geriet diese Bautechnik aus der Mode und damit etwas in Vergessenheit.
Haemodynamic effects and potential clinical implications of inhaled nitric oxide during right heart catheterization in heart transplant candidates
Authors: Strong Christopher , Raposo Luís , Castro Mariana , Madeira Sérgio , Tralhão António , Ventosa António , Rebocho Maria José , Almeida Manuel , Aguiar Carlos , Neves José Pedro , Mendes Miguel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsRight heart catheterization (RHC) is indicated in all candidates for heart transplantation (HT). An acute vasodilator challenge is recommended for those with pulmonary hypertension (PH) to assess its reversibility. The effects of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) on pulmonary and systemic haemodynamics have been reported only in small series. Our purpose was to describe the response to iNO in a larger population and its potential clinical implications.Methods and resultsFrom 210 RHC procedures performed between 2010 and 2019, vasodilator challenge with iNO was used in 108 patients, of which 66 had advanced heart failure undergoing assessment for HT (55±11 years old; 74.2% male gender; 43.9% ischaemic cardiomyopathy; left ventricular ejection fraction 28.4 ± 11,4%; and peak VO2 12.1 ± 3.0 mL/kg/min). iNO was administered through a tight‐fitting facial mask regardless of baseline pulmonary pressures. Clinical endpoints (all‐cause mortality and acute right heart failure) were assessed according to baseline haemodynamic findings over the available follow‐up period. There were no side effects from iNO administration. Typical response consisted of a reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance, consequent to an increase in left ventricular filling pressures, no significant change in mean pulmonary artery pressure (resulting in a lower mean transpulmonary gradient) and a mild increase in cardiac ouput. Pulmonary arterial compliance increased significantly, whereas systemic vascular resistance was only mildly affected. In five cases (7.6%), pulmonary vascular resistance increased paradoxically. All‐cause mortality and post‐HT right heart failure events were overall low and similar in patients without PH or reversible PH.ConclusionsVasodilator challenge with iNO is safe in advanced heart failure patients undergoing RHC prior to HT listing. It produces a reasonably predictable haemodynamic response, which occurs predominantly at the pulmonary circulation level. Clinical implications of iNO‐induced reversibility may be relevant, but further systematic validation is warranted in larger cohorts.
Impact of left ventricular ejection fraction on clinical outcomes after left main coronary artery revascularization: results from the randomized EXCEL trial
Authors: Thuijs Daniel J.F.M. , Milojevic Milan , Stone Gregg W. , Puskas John D. , Serruys Patrick W. , Sabik Joseph F. , Dressler Ovidiu , Crowley Aaron , Head Stuart J. , Kappetein A. Pieter 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the impact of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) on 3‐year outcomes in patients with left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the EXCEL trial.Methods and resultsThe EXCEL trial randomized patients with LMCAD to PCI with everolimus‐eluting stents (n = 948) or CABG (n = 957). Among 1804 patients with known baseline LVEF, 74 (4.1%) had LVEF <40% [heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)], 152 (8.4%) LVEF 40–49% [heart failure with mid‐range ejection fraction (HFmrEF)] and 1578 (87.5%) LVEF ≥50% (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction). Patients with HFrEF vs. HFmrEF vs. preserved LVEF experienced a longer postoperative hospital stay (9.0 vs. 7.0 vs. 6.0 days, P = 0.02) with greater peri‐procedural complications after CABG, while hospital stay after PCI was unaffected by LVEF (1.5 vs. 2.0 vs. 1.0 days, P = 0.20). The composite primary endpoint of death, stroke, or myocardial infarction at 3 years was 29.3% (PCI) vs. 27.6% (CABG) in patients with HFrEF, 16.2% vs. 15.0% in patients with HFmrEF, and 14.5% vs. 14.6% in those with preserved LVEF, respectively (Pinteraction = 0.90). Smoothing spline analysis demonstrated that the 3‐year risk of all‐cause death increased when LVEF decreased, both in patients undergoing CABG and PCI.ConclusionIn the EXCEL trial, the composite rate of death, stroke or myocardial infarction at 3 years was significantly higher in patients with HFrEF compared with HFmrEF or preserved LVEF, driven by an increased rate of all‐cause death. No significant differences after PCI vs. CABG were observed among patients with HFrEF, HFmrEF and preserved LVEF. Longer‐term follow‐up could provide important insights on differences in clinical outcomes that might emerge over time.Clinical Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01205776.
Investigation of Electrical Conductivity Properties and Electro Transport of a Novel Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube Electro Membrane under Constant Current
Authors: Onac Canan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study used multi‐walled carbon nanotube in electro‐membrane extraction studies under direct constant current for the first time for the electro transport of cypermethrin (CYP) from aqueous to acceptor phase. A novel and developed membrane exhibits visible and remarkable recovery values (82.76 %) for the removal of CYP under 0.3 A constant current at 60 V in 30 minutes. It is demonstrated that regenerating electro membrane by multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) increased the electrical conductivity, thermal Ea values of a novel membrane (750 meV) and stability, and it resulted in better and higher kinetic results on the transport process. This study presents a potential solution for the limited use of electro‐membrane extraction at higher current values. Regenerating of the electro membrane by MWCNTs not only allows us to work even at high current values, it prevents the formation of electrolysis up to a certain current value in donor and acceptor phases. Thermogravimetric analysis of the novel membrane also confirms successful regeneration of the electro membrane by MWCNTs. Electro‐membrane extraction studies have gained a new perspective and innovation by the use of MWCNTs in electro‐membrane process.
Characterizing the impact of thermal gels on isotachophoresis in microfluidic devices
Authors: Ward Cassandra L. , Linz Thomas H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThermally reversible Pluronic gels have been employed as separation matrices in microfluidic devices in the analysis of biological macromolecules. The phase of these gels can be tuned between liquid and solid states using temperature to vary fluidic resistance and alter peak resolution. Although separations in thermal gels have been characterized, their effect on isotachophoresis has not. This study used fluorescein as a model analyte to evaluate isotachophoretic preconcentration as a function of thermal polymer concentration and temperature. Results demonstrated that increasing polymer concentration in microfluidic channels increased the apparent analyte concentration. A critical minimum of 10% (w/v) Pluronic was required to achieve efficient preconcentration with maximum focusing occurring in 20 and 25% polymer gels. Temperature of the thermal gel also impacted analyte focusing. Most efficient focusing was achieved at 25°C with diminishing analyte accumulation at higher and lower temperatures. Under optimal conditions, isotachophoretic preconcentration increased an additional threefold simply by including thermal gels in the system. This approach can be readily implemented in other applications to increase detection sensitivity and measure low‐concentration analytes within simple microfluidic devices.
An efficient numerical model for the simulation of coupled heat, air, and moisture transfer in porous media
Authors: Berger Julien , Dutykh Denys , Mendes Nathan , Gosse Laurent 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article proposes an efficient explicit numerical model with a relaxed stability condition for the simulation of heat, air, and moisture transfer in porous material. Three innovative approaches are combined to solve the system of two differential advection‐diffusion equations coupled with a purely diffusive equation. First, the DU FORT‐FRANKEL scheme is used to solve the diffusion equation, providing an explicit scheme with an extended stability region. Then, the two advection‐diffusion equations are solved using both the SCHARFETTER‐GUMMEL numerical scheme for the space discretisation and the two‐step RUNGE‐KUTTA method for the time variable. This combination enables to relax the stability condition by one order. The proposed numerical model is evaluated on three case studies. The first one considers quasi‐linear coefficients. The theoretical results of the numerical schemes are confirmed by our computations. Indeed, the stability condition is relaxed by a factor of 40 compared to the standard EULER explicit approach. The second case provides an analytical solution for a weakly nonlinear problem. A very satisfactory accuracy is observed between the reference solution and the one provided by the numerical model. The last case study assumes a more realistic application with nonlinear coefficients and ROBIN‐type boundary conditions. The computational time is reduced 10 times by using the proposed model in comparison with the explicit EULER method.
A vector‐valued intensity measure for near‐fault ground motions
Authors: Zengin Esra , Abrahamson Norman A. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryNear‐fault ground motions containing high energy and large amplitude velocity pulses may cause severe damage to structures. The most widely used intensity measure (IM) is the elastic spectral acceleration at the fundamental period of the structure (Sa(T1)); however, Sa(T1) is not a sufficient IM with respect to the effects of the pulse‐like ground motions on structural response. For near‐fault ground motions, including pulse‐like and non–pulse‐like time histories, we propose a vector‐valued IM consisting of a new IM called instantaneous power (IP(T1)) and the Sa(T1). The IP(T1) is defined as the maximum power of the bandpass‐filtered velocity time series over a time interval of 0.5T1. The IP(T1) is period‐dependent because the velocity time series is filtered over a period range (0.2T1‐3T1). This allows the IP(T1) to represent the power of the near‐fault ground motions relevant to the response of the structure. Using two‐dimensional models of the 2‐ and 9‐story steel‐frame buildings, we show that the proposed [Sa(T1), IP(T1)] vector IM gives more accurate estimates of the maximum inter‐story drift and collapse capacity responses from near‐fault ground motions than using the vector IM consisting of the Sa(T1), the presence of the velocity pulse, and the period of the velocity pulse. Moreover, for the structures considered, for a given Sa(T1), the IP(T1) is more strongly correlated with structural damage from near‐fault ground motions than the combination of the velocity pulse and pulse period.
Inhibitors of the methane fermentation process with particular emphasis on the microbiological aspect: A review
Authors: Czatzkowska Małgorzata , Harnisz Monika , Korzeniewska Ewa , Koniuszewska Izabela 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMethane fermentation is an attractive practice in waste processing, which enables one to both control pollution and recover energy. This kind of anaerobic digestion is exposed to inhibitors, which can retard the process and cause failure. The mechanism causing toxicity of these substances and their impact on the efficiency of the process are already known, but there is still not much information about their influence on methane fermentation microorganisms' activity and the composition of microbiota. In this review, based on 168 articles, we present a summary of the up‐to‐date research on the inhibition of anaerobic processes by some specific toxicants: ammonia, sulfides, ions of light metals, heavy metals, antibiotics, ethylene and acetylene, chlorophenols, halogen aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic nitro compounds, and long‐chain fatty acids. This review principally focuses on the impact of these inhibitors on the microorganisms involved in the process. More accurate recognition of methane fermentation inhibition mechanisms, with particular emphasis on the microbiological aspect, can help to improve the efficiency of the process.
Dust provenance and its role as a potential fertilizing agent for the Okavango Delta, Botswana
Authors: Humphries Marc S. , Benitez‐Nelson Claudia R. , Bizimis Michael , Ralph Timothy J. , Larkin Zacchary T. , McCarthy Terence S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDust plays a globally important role in supplying biologically essential elements to landscapes underlain by nutrient‐poor substrates. Here we show that dust may play a significant role in sustaining productivity in the vast wetlands of the Okavango Delta in southern Africa, one of the world's richest biodiversity hotspots. Dust accumulates preferentially on tree‐covered islands in the seasonal swamps of the Delta, creating pockets of fine‐grained, nutrient‐rich material within the semi‐arid landscape of the Kalahari Desert. Strontium and neodymium isotopes reveal that this dust likely originates predominantly from the Makgadikgadi salt pans, located 300 km away, and contributes 10–80% of the fine‐grained material present in Okavango island soils. Surface material sourced from the Makgadikgadi Pans contains relatively high amounts of bioavailable phosphorus and iron, potentially influencing Okavango Delta biological productivity. We propose that long‐term ecosystem productivity and nutrient availability in the Okavango may be strongly mediated by regional dust inputs. Understanding the influence of dust deposition on nutrient loads and biogeochemical cycling is thus critical for predicting the response of the Okavango Delta to future changes in climate. We suggest that dust inputs may play a significant role in the supply of nutrients to other large, global wetland systems located in dryland environments. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Stakeholder Involvement in Natural Resource Decisions: The Missouri River
Authors: Mac Michael J , Palmer Sarah 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The Water Resources Development Act of 2007 authorized creation of the Missouri River Recovery Implementation Committee (MRRIC) to provide recommendations to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) on a recovery and mitigation plan to avoid jeopardy of three endangered species (Pallid Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus, interior least tern Sterna antillarum athalassos, and piping plover Charadrius melodus). Formation of the MRRIC in 2007 ushered in a new era of federal, state, tribal, and nongovernmental stakeholder collaboration in the river basin following nearly 20 years of litigation and legislative actions in Congress related to management of and operations on the river. Over a decade, through its deliberations, MRRIC has been instrumental in influencing the USACE endangered species recovery and mitigation efforts. The diversity of MRRIC membership proved beneficial when examining the socioeconomic impacts of river operations. However, this diversity also presented challenges to the communication of technical issues facing recovery of imperiled species, especially the Pallid Sturgeon. By instituting an independent science panel trusted by MRRIC members, the committee advanced key recommendations to the USACE in the development of an adaptive management plan. Unfortunately, at two key points in the past decade, members of MRRIC opted to work outside of the committee construct, engaging in legislative strategies to limit potential recovery actions. This paper describes actions by MRRIC that have benefited the USACE recovery effort and limitations within the committee that in turn have constrained the recovery effort.
Soft tissue deposit in neck dissection specimen carries a poor prognosis in oral cancer: A matched pair analysis
Authors: Malik Akshat , Nair Sudhir , Singh Arjun , Lamba Komal , Rane Swapnil , Bal Munita , Bhattacharjee Atanu , Mehanna Hisham , Chaturvedi Pankaj 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSoft tissue deposit (STD) is the presence of tumor foci in the neck at sites other than lymphoid tissue. We evaluated the factors associated with STD and their impact on outcomes.MethodsThe records of 4812 treatment naïve oral cancers operated between December 2010 and September 2015 were screened for the presence of STD. A matched‐pair analysis was performed to obtain 450 patients without STD. Chi‐square was used to test association with clinicopathological factors and hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were calculated.ResultsSTD was present in 0.6% and associated with gingiva‐buccal cancers, advanced stage, poor differentiation, presence of extranodal extension (ENE) and higher locoregional/distant metastasis. They had a significantly poorer OS (HR‐2.08; P‐value .0073) and DFS (HR‐2.5; P‐value .0002) with and without ENE [HR‐1.96 and 3.7, respectively].ConclusionDespite aggressive adjuvant therapy STD has a significant negative impact on outcomes.