bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KONDISI SANITASI LANTAI RUANG DAPUR TERHADAP JUMLAH ANGKA KUMAN DI RSUD ANDI MAKKASAU KOTA PAREPARE
Authors: Dirman Sudarman  , H. Ramlan  , H. Abdul Madjid  
Published: January 2020

Pengepelan menggunakan desinfektan adalah usaha untuk membersihkan lantai dengan cara kimiawi untuk mengurangi dan menghilangkan mikroorganisme patogen penyebab penyakit. Dalam hal ini yang perlu diperhatikan adalah desinfektan dan metode yang efektif sehingga dapat tercapai daya bunuh yang optimal pada kuman. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi experimental dengan rancangan pretest dan postest. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah adalah unutuk mengetahui kondisi sanitasi lantai ruang dapur sebelum dan sesudah penambahan kadar desinfektan sebanyak 40 ml, 30 ml, dan 20 ml /3 liter air serta menghitung jumlah presentase penurunannya di lakukan 2 kali perhitungan pada setiap media dengan inkubasi selama 24-48 jam. Berdasarkan hasil yang di dapatkan dalam penelitian ini jumlah kuman sebelum penambahan desinfektan di ruang dapur tidak memenuhi syarat pada bagian input 1260-1284 CFU/ , bagian proses 1175-1201 CFU/ , dan bagian output 825-857 CFU/ , tapi setelah penambahan kadar desinfektan 40 ml pada ruang input jumlah 590-607 belum memenuhi syarat, 30 ml untuk ruang proses 554-583 CFU/ belum memnuhi syarat, dan 20 ml untuk ruang output 412-435 CFU/ sudah memenuhi syarat. Berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor1204/Menkes/SK/X/2004 tentang Persyaratan kesehatan Lingkungn Rumah Sakit, Persyaratan angka kuman untuk lantai dapur untuk batas maksimum yaitu 500 CFU/ . Dimana kreteria di katakan menemuhi syarat apabila jumlah kuman di <500 CFU/ dan tidak memenuhi syarat apabila jumlah kuman>500 CFU/cm2
UJI EFEKTIFITAS DAUN ALANG-ALANG (IMPERETA CYLINDRICAL) SEBAGAI ANTI NYAMUK ELEKTRIK TERHADAP KEMATIAN NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI
Authors: Muh. Yusran  , Nurhapsa  , Abdul Madjid  
Published: January 2020

Setiap tahun ratusan juta kasus penularan penyakit pada manusia melalui serangga yang dikenal dengan Rthropod Borne disease atau sering juga disebut sebagai Vector borne disease telah menimbulkan tantangan kesehatan masyarakat secara global, karena penyebarannya berlangsung secara luas dan cepat. Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue masih merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang utama di Indonesia. Jumlah penderita dan luas daerah penyebarannya semakin bertambah seiring dengan meningkatkan mobilitas dan kepadatan penduduk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan anti nyamuk elektrik daun alang-alang (Imperata Cylindrical) terhadap kematian nyamuk Aedes aegypti berdasarkan berat konsentrasi daun alang-alang terhadap kematian nyamuk Aedes aegypti dengan 3 kali percobaan pada setiap kelompok perlakuan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu (Quasi eksperiment) dengan desain penelitian Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan bahwa Kemampuan anti nyamuk elektrik yang paling efektif membunuh nyamuk Aedes aegypti adalah pada konsentrasi 400 gram, dimana persentasi rata-rata membunuh nyamuk dalam waktu 6 jam mampu membunuh 100% nyamuk Aedes aegypti.
HUBUNGAN POLA KONSUMSI KOPI TERHADAP KEJADIAN GASTRISTIS PADA MAHASISWA MUHAMMADIYAH PAREPARE
Authors: Muhammad Ishak Ilham  , Haniarti  , Usman  
Published: January 2020

Kafein di dalam kopi dapat mempercepat proses terbentuknya asam lambung. Hal ini membuat produksi gas dalam lambung berlebih sehingga sering mengeluhkan sensasi kembung di perut. Responden yang sering meminum kopi beresiko 3,57 kali menderita gastritis dibandingkan dengan yang tidak sering meminum kopi.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan pola konsumsi kopi terhadap kejadian gastritis pada Mahasiswa Univesitas Muhammadiyah Parepare.Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi yaitu mahasiswa yang aktif secara keseluruhan mahasiswa di Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare sebanyak 8.891 orang. Sampelnya sebanyak 99 orang yang dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus slovin. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan Purposive Sampling Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan pola konsumsi kopi terhadap kejadian gastritis pada Mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare. Untuk penderita gastristris maupun bukan penderita gastristis sebaiknya membatasi konsumsi kopi
Is BAI better than BMI in estimating the increment of lumbar lordosis for the Caucasian population?
Authors: Zwierzchowska Anna , Tuz Jacek , Grabara Małgorzata 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND: One of the complications of obesity is low back pain, frequently associated with postural disorders. Body adiposity index (BAI) can be calculated without weighing, which may be rendered useful in settings where measuring accurate body weight is problematic. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare two indices of somatic structure, i.e., BAI and BMI regarding their accuracy (specific and sensitive) in predicting postural aberrations. METHODS: The study group comprised of 1281 participants aged 20–22 years, who were students from universities in southern Poland. Anteroposterior spinal curvatures were measured using the Rippstein plurimeter. All subjects were measured for body height (BH) and mass, waist and hip circumference (WC and HC, respectively). RESULTS: In both male and female groups classified according to BAI cut-off points, a significant linear relationship was noted for the lumbar lordosis angle, i.e., the latter increased along with the BAI increase. The analysis of variance confirmed statistically significant differences in lordosis angles in both groups (women f= 19.6, p< 0.001; men f= 21.18, p< 0.001). These data evidenced a weak relationship between LL and the BAI. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between LL and BAI was 0.2 and 0.21 for men and women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that, contrary to BAI, BMI value did not indicate a significant difference in lumbar lordosis angle between normal weight and obese participants (women and men).
Long-term effect of high-intensity laser therapy for persistent shoulder pain: A case report
Authors: Aceituno-Gómez Javier , García-Madero Venancio Miguel , Criado-Álvarez Juan José , González-González Jaime , Gómez-Soriano Julio , Avendaño-Coy Juan 
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This case report describes the long-term effect of the high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) in a patient with chronic shoulder pain refractory in comparison to other treatments. CASE DESCRIPTION: Ten sessions of HILT were applied in a thirty-one-year-old woman diagnosed with subacromial syndrome. Assessment was carried out through different tests: Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and pressure pain threshold (PPT). All measurements were taken at four different points: at the end of the 10 sessions, after one month, three months after the intervention and nine months after the initial intervention. RESULTS: There was a clinically significant improvement in NPRS (decrease of 5 points), PPT (increase of 1.5 kg/cm2) and SPADI (decrease of 24 points) one month after the intervention. After three months, the increase of NPRS and SPADI required a 5-session intervention to support the clinical improvement. Six months after these booster sessions an increase in PPT and a decrease in NPRS and SPADI were observed. CONCLUSION: Results indicate the suitability of developing new research lines which will optimize the use of HILT.
Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as a Comorbidity and Association with the Choice of Antidementia Medication Among Persons with Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lampela Pasi , Tolppanen Anna-Maija , Koponen Marjaana , Tanskanen Antti , Tiihonen Jari , Hartikainen Sirpa , Taipale Heidi 
Published: January 2020

Background: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common comorbidities in persons with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, pharmacotherapy of these diseases may have opposite mechanisms of action; anticholinergics in asthma/COPD and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) in AD. Objective: To investigate whether existing asthma/COPD affects the choice of AD medication, and the survival of the patients with AD. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, data from the MEDALZ-study, which includes all community-dwelling persons with AD during 2005–2011 in Finland ( n = 70718) was utilized. Persons with asthma/COPD (N = 7211) were defined as having a special reimbursement for asthma/COPD, or long-term use (≥250 days) of inhaled anticholinergics, inhaled corticosteroids, or leukotriene antagonists during the year before AD diagnosis. We compared persons with and without asthma/COPD regarding the choice of the initial antidementia medication (AChEI versus memantine) with logistic regression and mortality with Cox regression model during the follow-up (up to end of 2015). Results: Memantine was favored over AChEIs as first-line treatment to AD in persons with asthma/COPD compared to those without asthma/COPD (odds ratio 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–1.31). Memantine was also more commonly used among those who used multiple asthma/COPD medications (7.9% of memantine initiators used ≥3 asthma/COPD medications compared with 5.5% of those who initiated with AChEI). Mortality was higher in persons with asthma/COPD compared to those without asthma/COPD (adjusted hazard ratio 1.10, 95% CI 1.07–1.13). Conclusion: More frequent use of memantine instead of AChEI may result from an attempt to prevent possible worsening of asthma/COPD by AChEIs. Vulnerable persons with both AD and asthma/COPD need individually assessed pharmacotherapy for their medical conditions.
Comparing the Effect of Interference on an Emotional Stroop Task in Older Adults with and without Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Meléndez Juan C. , Satorres Encarnación , Oliva Itxasne 
Published: January 2020

Background: Impairments in the ability to recognize facial affective expressions may lead to social dysfunction and difficulties with interpersonal communication. Objective: The objective was to compare the attentional responses on a Stroop emotional task using words and faces by testing whether the two stimuli differ in the degree of interference they produce in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: There were 75 participants: 25 healthy older adults, 25 with mild AD, and 25 with moderate AD. A variation of the classic emotional Stroop test was administered. This task combined emotional words (happy or sad) superimposed on facial expressions (happy or sad), where the words were either incongruent or congruent with the emotion expressed by the face stimuli. Results: Facilitation was shown on negative words in healthy older adults, and significant effects were obtained for condition, valence, group, and the condition x group interaction. Although less interference was observed on negative stimuli, the fastest reaction times were found for congruent positive stimuli. The effect of interference in healthy older adults is similar in both conditions. However, in the AD groups, there is less interference on the words task than on the faces task. Conclusion: The more complex nature of faces, as opposed to the over-learning and automaticity of words, may explain the higher interference in AD patients in the faces condition. In patients with AD, words can be a better method for recognizing emotions than affective facial expressions.
Association of Hypercholesterolemia with Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
Authors: Xu Chenjia , Apostolova Liana G. , Oblak Adrian L. , Gao Sujuan 
Published: January 2020

Background: Animal studies have shown that diet-induced hypercholesterolemia (HC) increases amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and accelerates Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. However, the association of HC with AD in human studies has not been consistently established. Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between HC and risk of AD neuropathology in a large national sample with autopsies. Methods: This study used neuropathological and clinical data from 3,508 subjects from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC) who underwent autopsies from 2005 to 2017. Demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as neuropathological outcomes were compared between subjects with and without HC. Associations between HC and AD neuropathology were examined by multivariate ordinal logistic regressions adjusting for potential confounders. Results: HC was not associated with any AD neuropathology in a model only adjusting for demographic variables. However, HC was significantly associated with higher CERAD neuritic and diffuse plaque burden, higher Braak stage, and more severe cerebral amyloid angiopathy when analyzed in a multivariate model controlling for comorbidities. Additional adjusting for cerebrovascular conditions did not diminish these associations. The association between HC and increased risk of neuritic plaques weakened but remained significant even after controlling for ApoE genotype. Conclusion: This study suggested that HC was associated with increased severity of AD pathology, which could only be partially accounted for by ApoE genotype. The associations were not mediated by cerebrovascular conditions.
Functional Connectivity of Default Mode Network Subsystems in the Presymptomatic Stage of Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Zhao Tan , Quan Meina , Jia Jianping 
Published: January 2020

Background: The default mode network (DMN) could be divided into subsystems, the functional connectivity of which are different across the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) spectrum. However, the functional connectivity patterns within the subsystems are unknown in presymptomatic autosomal dominant AD (ADAD). Objective: To investigate functional connectivity patterns within the subsystems of the DMN in presymptomatic subjects carrying PSEN1, PSEN2, or APP gene mutations. Methods: Twenty-six presymptomatic mutation carriers (PMC) and twenty-nine cognitively normal non-carriers as normal controls (NC) from the same families underwent resting state functional MRI and structural MRI. Seed-based analyses were done to obtain functional connectivity of posterior and anterior DMN. For the regions that showed significant connectivity difference between PMC and NC, volumes were extracted and compared between the two groups. Connectivity measures were then correlated with cognitive tests scores. Results: The posterior DMN showed connectivity decrease in the PMC group as compared with the NC group, which was primarily the connectivity of left precuneus with right precuneus and superior frontal gyrus; the anterior DMN showed significant connectivity decrease in the PMC group, which was the connectivity of medial frontal gyrus with middle frontal gyrus. In the brain regions showing connectivity changes in the PMC group, there was no group difference in volume. A positive correlation was observed between the precuneus connectivity value and Mini-Mental State Examination total score. Conclusion: Functional connectivity within both posterior and anterior DMN were disrupted in the presymptomatic stage of ADAD. Connectivity disruption within the posterior DMN may be useful for early identification of general cognitive decline and a potential imaging biomarker for early diagnosis.
MEMBANGUN KARAKTER BANGSA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Wahyudin Wahyudin 
Published: January 2020

The development of the character education still becomes the controversy among the educators, either from the theoretical or philosophical points of view. Actually, the core of the character education is not only viewed from philosophical difference, pedagogical ideology, or politics, but focused on the child development. Curriculum 2013 seeks to provide a problem-solving on the cultural matters and the national characters by integrating the characters / values /attitudes into the lessons, self-development, and the culture of the school. It is expected that a new generation of nation is developed in attitudes, knowledge, and skills. It has been clear that teachers thought, beliefs, and choices will influence their teaching practice. Therefore, it is necessary to build the views, beliefs, and positive selection within the teachers mind for the successful implementation of Curriculum 2013.

Perkembangan pendidikan karakter sampai sejauh ini masih penuh dengan kontroversi yang terutama berakar dalam berbagai perbedaan teoretis dan filosofis, meski sebenarnya inti dari pendidikan karakter tidak pada perbedaan filosofis, ideologi pedagogis, politik, dan sebagainya, melainkan tentang perkembangan anak. Kurikulum 2013 berupaya memberikan pemecahan persoalan budaya dan karakter bangsa dengan cara mengintegrasikan karakter/nilai/sikap ke dalam mata pelajaran, pengembangan diri, dan budaya sekolah, dengan harapan terbentuknya generasi baru bangsa yang utuh dalam sikap, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan. Dengan menyadari bahwa pandangan, keyakinan, dan pilihan para guru akan berpengaruh pada praktek pembelajaran, maka perlu dibangun pandangan, keyakinan, dan pilihan yang positif dalam diri para guru demi keberhasilan implementasi Kurikulum 2013.
Sentezlenen Yeni Ni (II) Komplekslerinin Spektroskopik ve antifungal özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KARAKURT Tuncay , AĞAR Ayşen Alaman , MERAL Seher , ONARAN Abdurrahman 
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmada, 6,6'-((1E,1'E)-(propan-1,3-diilbis(azanyiliden))bis(fenilmetaniliden))bis(3
(oktiloksi)fenol) (HL1) ve 6,6’-((1E,1’E)-(etan-1,2 diilbis(azanyiliden))bis(fenilmetanyiliden))bis(3-oktiloksi)fenol)
(HL2) ligandları ile Ni metal atomunun
iki farklı kompleksi hazırlanarak FT-IR ve Uv-Vis spektroskopik yöntemleri ile karakterize edilmiştir. İki
komplex yapının (HL1Ni ve HL2Ni ) deneysel olarak antifungal
aktivite çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Rhizoctonia solani ve Fusarim
oxysporum f.sp radicis-lycopersici (FORL) bitki patojenlerine karşı, HL1Ni ve HL2Ni
komplekslerinin in vitro koşullar altında etkinlik çalışmaları yürütülmüştür. Etkinliği
belirlenen bileşiklerin doz miktarına göre test edilen patojenlere karşı orta
ve yüksek düzeyde aktivite sergilediği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Komplex yapıların
moleküller arası etkileşimlerin
daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi amacıyla da bileşiklerin, HOMO-LUMO orbitalleri teoriksel
olarak elde edilmiştir. Son olarak da moleküler doking çalışması ile
reseptör-ligant etkileşimleri simüle edilmiştir. Bu hesaplama sonucunda bileşiklere ait affinite değerleri (Doking
skoru) sırasıyla -6.9 ve -6.4 kcal/mol olarak hesaplanmıştır. Doking skoru ile kompleks yapıların HOMO
orbital enerjilerinin birbirleri ile ilişkili olduğu gözlenmiştir.
Amartya Sen: Utilitarianism, Ethics and Public Policy
Authors: Ortega Landa Ramiro 
Published: January 2020

As the reader would agree, economics as a science, in teaching, research and policy, has a very poor record at ethics.
According to Ben Fine, Professor of Economics at the University of London, there are five inter-related reasons for this. First, the rigid distinction between positive-theoretical and normative-factual economics. Second, the very methodology of economics is unable to interrogate its own ethical foundations. Third, economics has neglected its own history as a discipline and in the process, its own changing ethical approaches and contents. Fourth, economics has isolated itself from other social sciences, so their contributions to ethical questions have been ignored, and fifth, mainstream economics has always been and is now intolerant with heterodox approaches.
El efecto Evo
Authors: Villegas Horacio , J. Aguilar Tirza , Vargas Jaime , Montaño Cecilia 
Published: January 2020

Utilizando un modelo de equilibrio general computable y aplicando una microsimulación sobre la Encuesta MECOVI del año 2007, el documento muestra que la inversión pública tiene un efecto positivo sobre la reducción de la pobreza en escenarios de inversión moderada, inversión actual e inversión alta.
No obstante, la reducción de la pobreza no es muy significativa. Los resultados más importantes se evidencian en el índice de recuento, que se reduce alrededor de 3 puntos en un escenario de alta intervención, y 2 puntos en un escenario de inversión como el actual. Sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos para los indicadores de brecha y severidad de pobreza son más modestos.
El impacto del Bono Juancito Pinto. Un análisis a partir de microsimulaciones
Authors: Yáñez Aguilar Ernesto 
Published: January 2020

El trabajo presenta una evaluación ex ante del Bono Juancito Pinto a partir del uso de técnicas de microsimulación. Específicamente, evalúa el impacto sobre la asistencia escolar, la pobreza y la desigualdad en la distribución del ingreso. Los resultados sugieren que el BJP ha tenido un impacto positivo en la reducción de la inasistencia escolar en el ciclo primario, ha colaborado en la reducción de los niveles de indigencia además de haber mejorado la distribución del ingreso -sobre todo en el sector rural del país. Posibles mejoras del BJP estarían vinculadas a diferenciar el monto transferido en función de la zona de residencia, lo que traería beneficios adicionales sin modificar significativamente los costos administrativos del programa.
Escenarios de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero CO2 en el sector energético en Bolivia
Authors: Lizarazu Ramiro , Aliaga Lordemann Javier 
Published: January 2020

En Bolivia existe retraso en el diseño de políticas y medidas puntuales de mitigación climática, sobre todo en el sector energético. En este entendido, el documento realiza una aproximación del perfil de GEI (Gases de Efecto Invernadero) en Bolivia, asociado al sector energético para el periodo 2007-2025. La metodología utilizada corresponde a un modelo Bottom-up, que se caracteriza por ser un enfoque más detallado del sistema energético. Este modelo analiza las características técnicas del funcionamiento de los diferentes tipos de plantas generadoras de electricidad vigentes en el país. A partir de este modelo se obtuvieron las proyecciones de consumo de los principales sectores, así como la generación de electricidad de las principales fuentes de energía. Posteriormente, con la aplicación de factores de carga ambiental, se pudo obtener las emisiones de GEI de las fuentes de energía. En consecuencia, los resultados son una aproximación tanto de la evolución de la Matriz Energética como de su perfil de emisión de GEI.
Demostración de equilibrio competitivo con short-sale hipotecario
Authors: Daga Sergio 
Published: January 2020

Analizamos una economía con mercados financieros incompletos donde existen activos reales sujetos a riesgo de crédito y activos nominales libres de default. Permitimos la inclusión de penalidades extra-económicas en la función de utilidad modelando "short-sales" de garantías hipotecarias. Mostramos, bajo hipótesis usuales en preferencias y asignaciones iniciales, que siempre existe un equilibrio competitivo en nuestra economía.
Cadenas Globales de Valor: el caso de Bolivia
Authors: Hernández Beatriz Muriel , Herrera Jiménez Alejandro 
Published: January 2020

El presente documento analiza las Cadenas Globales de Valor (CGV) en Bolivia para 2002, 2005 y 2011, utilizando el Índice de Especialización Vertical (EV) de Hummels et al. (2001) y la medida Upstreamness de Antràs y Chor (2011) (citado en Antràs et al., 2012b) y Fally (2011). Los indicadores muestran que los patrones comerciales están representados por una concentración de las materias primas, las que también han aprovechado las ventajas derivadas de las CGV; mientras que los sectores de manufacturas han sido menos importantes en esta dinámica, e incluso han perdido su relevancia en el tiempo.