bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal safety of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine use during pregnancy: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Andersson Niklas Worm , Skov Lone , Andersen Jon Trærup 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
The antimalaria 4-aminoquinoline drugs chloroquine and HCQ are used in the treatment of a wide range of CTDs. Data to inform on the safety of their use in pregnancy are limited.

Methods
In a Danish nationwide cohort study from 1996 through 2016, we identified 4-aminoquinoline–exposed pregnancies from a cohort of 1 240 875 pregnancies to investigate the associated risks of major birth defects, preterm birth, and small size for gestational age (SGA). Distinct study cohorts of propensity-score–matched 4-aminoquinoline-exposed and unexposed pregnancies (in a 1:1 ratio) were established for each outcome analysis. The association with the outcomes was assessed by prevalence odds ratios (ORs) estimated through logistic regression. The associated risks for chloroquine and HCQ were individually assessed through additional analyses.

Results
A total of 1487 pregnancies exposed to 4-aminoquinolines (1184 chloroquine- and 303 HCQ-exposed) were identified. Among the 983 pregnancies exposed to 4-aminoquinolines in the first trimester, 34 infants (3.5%) were diagnosed with major birth defects as compared with 36 (3.7%) among the matched unexposed pregnancies (prevalence OR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.59, 1.52). Exposure to 4-aminoquinolines in pregnancy was neither associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (prevalence OR, 0.97; 95% CI: 0.73, 1.28) or SGA (prevalence OR, 1.18; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.50), compared with unexposed pregnancies. No significant associations between exposure to chloroquine or HCQ individually and risk of the outcomes were identified.

Conclusion
Among pregnancies exposed to 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine and HCQ), no increased risk of major birth defects, preterm birth, or SGA was identified.
Creeping Crimmigration in CEAS Reform: Detention of Asylum-Seekers and Restrictions on Their Movement under EU Law
Authors: Majcher Izabella 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article analyses freedom-restricting measures set forth in the Reception Conditions Directive and its proposed recast; it does so through the lens of the concept of crimmigration, understood as convergence between criminal and (administrative) immigration and asylum law. To tackle “secondary movements” within the European Union (EU), the proposed amendment of the Directive establishes a broad understanding of the risk of absconding, which can justify detention, and expands the restrictions on asylum-seekers’ freedom of movement. The article argues that asylum detention under EU law pursues penal law objectives, such as deterrence and retribution. Restriction on freedom of movement, on its part, may amount to systematic surveillance. This observed crimmigration phenomenon is detrimental to migrants and refugees because the incorporation of criminal law objectives into asylum law has an asymmetric form. Although states subject non-citizens to increasingly punitive measures, the administrative label of immigration detention and restrictions on movement allows them to evade due process guarantees, which typically accompany criminal law proceedings. As the article proposes, appropriate interpretation and application of the principles of lawfulness and proportionality with respect to detention and restrictions on freedom of movement will help circumscribe the scope of the phenomenon of crimmigration under the EU asylum legislation.
Rosa26 docking sites for investigating genetic circuit silencing in stem cells
Authors: Fitzgerald Michael , Livingston Mark , Gibbs Chelsea , Deans Tara L 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Approaches in mammalian synthetic biology have transformed how cells can be programmed to have reliable and predictable behavior, however, the majority of mammalian synthetic biology has been accomplished using immortalized cell lines that are easy to grow and easy to transfect. Genetic circuits that integrate into the genome of these immortalized cell lines remain functional for many generations, often for the lifetime of the cells, yet when genetic circuits are integrated into the genome of stem cells gene silencing is observed within a few generations. To investigate the reactivation of silenced genetic circuits in stem cells, the Rosa26 locus of mouse pluripotent stem cells was modified to contain docking sites for site-specific integration of genetic circuits. We show that the silencing of genetic circuits can be reversed with the addition of sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor. These findings demonstrate an approach to reactivate the function of genetic circuits in pluripotent stem cells to ensure robust function over many generations. Altogether, this work introduces an approach to overcome the silencing of genetic circuits in pluripotent stem cells that may enable the use of genetic circuits in pluripotent stem cells for long-term function.
Validamycin A Induces Broad-Spectrum Resistance Involving Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic Acid/Ethylene Signaling Pathways
Authors: Bian Chuanhong , Duan Yabing , Wang Jueyu , Xiu Qian , Wang Jianxin , Hou Yiping , Song Xiushi , Zhou Mingguo 
Published: August 2020

Validamycin A (VMA) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to control rice sheath blight. Although it has been reported that VMA can induce the plant defense responses, the mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) bursts and callose deposition in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice (Oryza sativa L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were induced by VMA and were most intense with 10 μg of VMA per milliliter at 24 h. Moreover, we showed that VMA induced resistance against Pseudomonas syringae, Botrytis cinerea, and Fusarium graminearum in Arabidopsis leaves, indicating that VMA induces broad-spectrum disease resistance in both dicots and monocots. In addition, VMA-mediated resistance against P. syringae was not induced in NahG transgenic plants, was partially decreased in npr1 mutants, and VMA-mediated resistance to B. cinerea was not induced in npr1, jar1, and ein2 mutants. These results strongly indicated that VMA triggers plant defense responses to both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens involved in salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid/ethylene (JA/ET) signaling pathways and is dependent on NPR1. In addition, transcriptome analysis further revealed that VMA regulated the expression of genes involved in SA, JA/ET, abscisic acid (ABA), and auxin signal pathways. Taken together, VMA induces systemic resistance involving in SA and JA/ET signaling pathways and also exerts a positive influence on ABA and auxin signaling pathways. Our study highlights the creative application of VMA in triggering plant defense responses against plant pathogens, providing a valuable insight into applying VMA to enhance plant resistance and reduce the use of chemical pesticides.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Position Paper on Critical Care Pharmacy Services: 2020 Update
Authors: Lat Ishaq , Paciullo Christopher , Daley Mitchell J. , MacLaren Robert , Bolesta Scott , McCann Jennifer , Stollings Joanna L. , Gross Kendall , Foos Sarah A. , Roberts Russel J. , Acquisto Nicole M. , Taylor Scott , Bentley Michael , Jacobi Judith , Meyer Tricia A. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:To provide a multiorganizational statement to update recommendations for critical care pharmacy practice and make recommendations for future practice. A position paper outlining critical care pharmacist activities was last published in 2000. Since that time, significant changes in healthcare and critical care have occurred.Design:The Society of Critical Care Medicine, American College of Clinical Pharmacy Critical Care Practice and Research Network, and the American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists convened a joint task force of 15 pharmacists representing a broad cross-section of critical care pharmacy practice and pharmacy administration, inclusive of geography, critical care practice setting, and roles. The Task Force chairs reviewed and organized primary literature, outlined topic domains, and prepared the methodology for group review and consensus. A modified Delphi method was used until consensus (> 66% agreement) was reached for each practice recommendation. Previous position statement recommendations were reviewed and voted to either retain, revise, or retire. Recommendations were categorized by level of ICU service to be applicable by setting and grouped into five domains: patient care, quality improvement, research and scholarship, training and education, and professional development.Main Results:There are 82 recommendation statements: 44 original recommendations and 38 new recommendation statements. Thirty-four recommendations represent the domain of patient care, primarily relating to critical care pharmacist duties and pharmacy services. In the quality improvement domain, 21 recommendations address the role of the critical care pharmacist in patient and medication safety, clinical quality programs, and analytics. Nine recommendations were made in the domain of research and scholarship. Ten recommendations were made in the domain of training and education and eight recommendations regarding professional development.Conclusions:Critical care pharmacists are essential members of the multiprofessional critical care team. The statements recommended by this taskforce delineate the activities of a critical care pharmacist and the scope of pharmacy services within the ICU. Effort should be made from all stakeholders to implement the recommendations provided, with continuous effort toward improving the delivery of care for critically ill patients.
Long-term uveal and capsular biocompatibility of a new fluid-filled, modular accommodating intraocular lens
Authors: Bontu Sneha , Werner Liliana , Kennedy Sean , Kamae Kai , Jiang Bill , Ellis Nathan , Brady Daniel G. , Mamalis Nick 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate long-term uveal and capsular biocompatibility of a new fluid-filled modular accommodating intraocular lens (IOL) consisting of base and fluid lenses.

Setting:
John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

Design:
Experimental study.

Methods:
Bilateral phacoemulsification was performed on 8 rabbits; 1 eye received the test IOL (Juvene) and the other a hydrophobic acrylic control IOL (SA60AT). Slitlamp examinations were performed at postoperative weeks 1 and 4, and at months 2, 3, and 6. The rabbits were killed humanely at 6 months. After gross examination from the Miyake-Apple view, IOLs were removed for implant cytology. All globes were then processed for histopathologic examination.

Results:
Uveal biocompatibility was similar between test and control IOLs up to 6 months postoperatively. Anterior capsule opacification appeared absent in the test group, and posterior capsule opacification (PCO) was significantly less in comparison with the control group throughout the study. At 6 months, central PCO was scored as 0.12 ± 0.23 with test IOLs and as 4.0 ± 0 with control IOLs (P < .0001, 2-tailed t test: paired 2-sample for means). Histopathologic examination confirmed the relative lack of capsular opacification in test eyes in comparison to controls and the absence of toxicity in any eye.

Conclusions:
Six weeks in the rabbit model corresponds to approximately 2 years in the human eye for PCO. In this model, the Juvene IOL maintained an open and expanded capsular bag, preventing overall capsular bag opacification while retaining excellent uveal and capsular biocompatibility.
Timing of cataract surgery in patients with giant cell arteritis
Authors: Fong Joseph W. , Chacko Joseph G. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:
To determine a safe timeframe and parameters for performing cataract surgery after diagnosis and treatment of giant cell arteritis (GCA).

Setting:
Single institution in the United States.

Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Methods:
This retrospective study used ICD-9/10 and Current Procedural Terminology codes to identify all patients with biopsy-proven GCA who underwent cataract surgery from 2005 to 2019 at a single institution. Excluded from the study were patients whose date of biopsy diagnosis or dose of corticosteroids at the time of cataract surgery was unknown.

Results:
Chart review identified 15 eyes of 10 patients that met inclusion criteria; 80% of patients were women, and mean age was 74.4 years. Two patients had a history of arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy. There were no perioperative or postoperative complications in the 15 eyes that underwent cataract surgery with varying doses of prednisone at the time of surgery (1 to 25 mg daily prednisone ± 10 to 25 mg weekly methotrexate; median prednisone dose of 10.75 mg) and varying time from biopsy diagnosis of GCA to surgery of at least 7 months (median 13.75 months).

Conclusions:
Cataract surgery seemed safe for patients with GCA on varying doses of prednisone at the time of surgery at least 7 months from time of biopsy diagnosis. There is a need for a larger cohort of data from neuro-ophthalmologists and cataract surgeons nationally to establish guidelines for safe cataract surgery in patients with GCA.
Outcomes of cataract surgery in pseudoexfoliation syndrome in England: 10-year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ong Ariel Y. , Shalchi Zaid 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:
To investigate the outcomes of cataract surgery in eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome in a real-world National Health Service setting.

Setting:
Prince Charles Eye Unit, Windsor, United Kingdom.

Design:
Single-center retrospective cohort study.

Methods:
All eyes that underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery from January 2010 to December 2019 were included. Eyes with combined intraocular surgery or with a history of ocular trauma were excluded. Eyes were classified as pseudoexfoliation (n = 280 [1.2%]) or no pseudoexfoliation (n = 23 049). The primary outcome was mean change in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity (VA). Secondary outcomes included intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Results:
The study comprised 23 329 eyes of 15 257 patients. Eyes in the pseudoexfoliation group were older and more likely to have multiple co-pathologies. Intraoperatively, they were more likely to experience zonular dialysis and dropped nucleus. Postoperatively, they had significantly higher rates of corneal edema, elevated intraocular pressure, postoperative uveitis, and intraocular lens subluxation and were more likely to require a second operation within 90 days. Although the pseudoexfoliation group had worse preoperative and postoperative logMAR VA, logistic regression analysis confirmed that mean VA improvement was comparable to reference group (mean ± standard deviation −0.49 ± 0.52 vs −0.55 ± 0.66, adjusted mean difference 0.02 [95% CI, −0.01 to 0.06]).

Conclusions:
Although patients with pseudoexfoliation had a significantly higher risk of some complications, they achieved similar VA improvements with cataract surgery compared to the nonpseudoexfoliation group. These findings will help inform the consent process and management of patient expectations.
Benchmarking Site of Death and Hospice Use
Authors: Intrator Orna , Li Jiejin , Gillespie Suzanne M. , Levy Cari , Davis Darlene , Edes Thomas , Kinosian Bruce , Karuza Jurgis 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
The objective of this study was to examine site of death and hospice use, identifying potential disparities among veterans dying in Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Home Based Primary Care (VA-HBPC).

Methods:
Administrative data (2008, 2012, and 2016) were compiled using the VA Residential-History-File which tracks health care service location, daily. Outcomes were site of death [home, nursing home (NH), hospital, inpatient hospice]; and hospice use on the day of death. We compared VA-HBPC rates to rates of 2 decedent benchmarks: VA patients and 5% Traditional Medicare non-veteran males. Potential age, race, urban/rural residence and living alone status disparities in rates among veterans dying in VA-HBPC in 2016 were examined by multinomial logistic regression.

Results:
In 2016, 7796 veterans died in VA-HBPC of whom 62.1% died at home, 11.8% in NHs, 14.7% in hospitals and 11.4% in inpatient hospice. Hospice was provided to 60.9% of veterans dying at home and 63.9% of veterans dying in NH. Over the 2008–2012–2016 period, rates of VA-HBPC veterans who died at home and rates of home death with hospice increased and were higher than both benchmarks. Among VA-HBPC decedents, younger/older veterans were more/less likely to die at home and less/more likely to die with hospice. Race/ethnicity and urban/rural residence were unrelated to death at home but veterans living alone were less likely to die at home.

Conclusions:
Results reflect VA-HBPC’s primary goal of supporting its veterans at home, including at the end-of-life, surpassing other population benchmarks with some potential disparities remaining.
Measurement Properties of the CAPACITY Instrument to Assess Perceived Communication With the Health Care Team Among Care Partners of Patients With Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Van Houtven Courtney H. , Lippmann Steven J. , Bélanger Emmanuelle , Smith Valerie A. , James Hailey J. , Shepherd-Banigan Megan , Jutkowitz Eric , O’Brien Emily , Wolff Jennifer L. , Burke James R. , Plassman Brenda L. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The CAregiver Perceptions About CommunIcaTion with Clinical Team members (CAPACITY) instrument measures how care partners perceive themselves to be supported by the patient’s health care team and their experiences communicating with the team.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to assess the measurement properties (ie, structural validity of the construct and internal consistency) of the CAPACITY instrument in care partners of patients with cognitive impairment, and to examine whether care partner health literacy and patient cognitive impairment are associated with a higher or lower CAPACITY score.

Research Design:
This was a retrospective cohort study.

Subjects:
A total of 1746 dyads of community-dwelling care partners and older adults in the United States with cognitive impairment who obtained an amyloid positron emission tomography scan.

Measures:
The CAPACITY instrument comprises 12 items that can be combined as a total score or examined as subdomain scores about communication with the team and care partner capacity-assessment by the team. The 2 covariates of primary interest in the regression model are health literacy and level of cognitive impairment of the patient (Modified Telephone Interview Cognitive Status).

Results:
Confirmatory factor analysis showed the CAPACITY items fit the expected 2-factor structure (communication and capacity). Higher cognitive functioning of patients and higher health literacy among care partners was associated with lower communication domain scores, lower capacity domain scores, and lower overall CAPACITY scores.

Conclusions:
The strong psychometric validity of the CAPACITY measure indicates it could have utility in other family caregivers or care partner studies assessing the quality of interactions with clinical teams. Knowing that CAPACITY differs by care partner health literacy and patient impairment level may help health care teams employ tailored strategies to achieve high-quality care partner interactions.
Does Offering Battlefield Acupuncture Lead to Subsequent Use of Traditional Acupuncture?
Authors: Thomas Eva R. , Zeliadt Steven B. , Coggeshall Scott , Gelman Hannah , Resnick Adam , Giannitrapani Karleen , Olson Juli , Kligler Benjamin , Taylor Stephanie L. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
Veterans Health Administration encourages auricular acupuncture (Battlefield Acupuncture/BFA) as a nonpharmacologic approach to pain management. Qualitative reports highlighted a “gateway hypothesis”: providing BFA can lead to additional nonpharmacologic treatments. This analysis examines subsequent use of traditional acupuncture.

Research Design:
Cohort study of Veterans treated with BFA and a propensity score matched comparison group with a 3-month follow-up period to identify subsequent use of traditional acupuncture. Matching variables included pain, comorbidity, and demographics, with further adjustment in multivariate regression analysis.

Subjects:
We identified 41,234 patients who used BFA across 130 Veterans Health Administration medical facilities between October 1, 2016 and March 31, 2019. These patients were matched 2:1 on Veterans who used VA care but not BFA during the same period resulting in a population of 24,037 BFA users and a comparison cohort of 40,358 non-BFA users. Patients with prior use of traditional acupuncture were excluded.

Results:
Among Veterans receiving BFA, 9.5% subsequently used traditional acupuncture compared with 0.9% of non-BFA users (P<0.001). In adjusted analysis, accounting for patient characteristics and regional availability of traditional acupuncture, patients who used BFA had 10.9 times greater odds (95% confidence interval, 8.67–12.24) of subsequent traditional acupuncture use.

Conclusions:
Providing BFA, which is easy to administer during a patient visit and does not require providers be formally certified, led to a substantial increase in use of traditional acupuncture. These findings suggest that the value of offering BFA may not only be its immediate potential for pain relief but also subsequent engagement in additional therapies.
T-Cell Immunity in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Ajina Reham , Weiner Louis M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWorldwide, approximately half a million people are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer every year, with mortality rates of more than 90%. T cells within pancreatic tumors are generally infrequent and incapable of eliciting antitumor immunity. Thus, pancreatic cancer is considered an “immunologically cold” tumor. However, recent studies clearly show that when T-cell immunity in pancreatic cancer is sufficiently induced, T cells become effective weapons. This fact suggests that to improve pancreatic cancer patients' clinical outcomes, we need to unveil the complex immune biology of this disease. In this review, we discuss the elements of tumor immunogenicity in the specific context of pancreatic malignancy.
Currarino Syndrome
Authors: Liu Alex J. , Halfdanarson Thorvardur R. , Sonbol Mohamad B. 
Published: August 2020

Objectives
Currarino syndrome (CS) is a congenital disorder that consists of a triad of anomalies: presacral mass, sacral dysgenesis, and anorectal malformations. Few cases of CS with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have been reported. In this study, we sought to determine the prevalence and characteristics of NET in patients with CS.

Methods
Mayo Clinic electronic medical records were searched for patients with CS. Data on demographics, CS diagnosis, family history, genetic testing, and NET diagnosis were extracted.

Results
A total of 26 patients with CS were identified with 3 (11.5%) of them having an additional diagnosis of NET. Three patients had a family history of NET (11.53%), and 7 patients had a family history of CS (26.9%). Of the 3 NET/CS patients, 2 had a confirmed primary NET from the presacral mass, with the third patient demonstrating focal uptake on the somatostatin receptor imaging within the presacral. Two patients received octreotide, followed by peptide receptor radionuclide therapy. The other patient was not treated because of complete resection of presacral mass and is currently undergoing surveillance scans.

Conclusions
In our patients with CS, the prevalence of NET is 11.53%. The coexistence of 2 rare conditions, CS and presacral NET, suggests that there may be an etiological connection.