bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating Clinical Reasoning Skills in a Pre‐professional Undergraduate Human Anatomy Course
Authors: Anderson Margene , Hills‐Meyer Patrick R. , Stamm Julie M. , Brown Kirsten 
Published: January 2021

Clinically integrated curricula in health science education has been shown to promote the development of problem‐solving schema and positively impact knowledge acquisition. Despite its’ purported benefits, this type of curricula can impose a high cognitive load, which may negatively impact novice learners’ knowledge acquisition and problem‐solving schema development. Introducing explicit clinical reasoning instruction within pre‐professional undergraduate basic science courses may limit factors that increase cognitive load, enhance knowledge acquisition, and foster developing clinical problem‐solving skills. This study, conducted over the Fall and Spring semesters of the 2018–2019 school year, sought to evaluate whether the implementation of a clinical reasoning instructional intervention within a clinically integrated pre‐professional undergraduate general human anatomy course influenced students’ acquisition of anatomical knowledge and development of clinical problem‐solving skills. Results of the study were mixed regarding the acquisition of anatomical knowledge. Both the intervention and comparison groups performed similarly on multiple choice examinations of anatomical knowledge. However, the clinical reasoning intervention positively impacted students’ ability to apply clinical reasoning skills to anatomically based clinical case studies. Results from M\mixed between‐within subjects analysis of variance comparing scores on Written Clinical Reasoning Assessments revealed a significant interaction between time and group affiliation, with the groups receiving the interventions outperforming the comparison groups: Fall, P < 0.001; Spring, P < 0.001. The results of this study may imply that explicit clinical reasoning instruction within a clinically integrated undergraduate Human Anatomy course could hold potential for fostering students’ early clinical reasoning skills.
Recent Advances in the Development of Chiral Gold Complexes for Catalytic Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Jiang Jia‐Jun , Wong Man‐Kin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAsymmetric gold catalysis has been rapidly developed in the past ten years. Breakthroughs have been made by rational design and meticulous selection of chiral ligands. This review summarizes newly developed gold‐catalyzed enantioselective organic transformations and recent progress in ligand design (since 2016), organized according to different types of chiral ligands, including bisphosphine ligands, monophosphine ligands, phosphite‐derived ligands, and N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands for asymmetric gold(I) catalysis as well as heterocyclic carbene ligands and oxazoline ligands for asymmetric gold(III) catalysis.
Differences in Brain Structural Covariance Network Characteristics in Children and Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Cai Suping , Wang Xuwen , Yang Fan , Chen Dihui , Huang Liyu 
Published: January 2021

Systematically describing the structural topological configuration of human brain during development is an essential task. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a powerful challenge for psychiatry and neuroscience researchers. In this study, we investigated variations in the structural covariance network properties of 441 patients with ASD ranging in age from 7 to 45 years and in 426 age‐matched healthy controls (HCs) using structural magnetic resonance neuroimaging from the ABIDE database. We applied a sliding window approach to study topological variation during development using comprehensive graph theoretical analysis. The main findings are as follows: (1) Cross‐sectional trajectories of the network characteristics exhibited inverted U‐shapes in both HCs and participants with ASD, with the latter exhibiting a 7‐year delay in reaching the maximum value, (2) network resilience to targeted attacks peaked at 18′ and 19′ in the HCs and at 25′ in the participants with ASD, and the weakest resilience occurred at age 7′, (3) the HCs and participants with ASD exhibited normalized mean degree differences in the right amygdala, and (4) significant differences in the network characteristics were observed in the 18′ age group at most of the densities analyzed. We used cross‐sectional analysis to infer distinct neurodevelopmental trajectories in ASD in the brain structural connectome. Our findings are consistent with the notion that adolescence is a sensitive period of brain development with strong potential for brain plasticity, offering opportunities for environmental adaptation and social integration and for increasing vulnerability. ASD may be a product of susceptibility.Lay SummaryWe used cross‐sectional analysis to preliminarily infer distinct neurodevelopmental trajectories in ASD in the brain structural connectome. The main findings are as follows: (1) Cross‐sectional trajectories of the network characteristics exhibited inverted U‐shapes in both HCs and participants with ASD, with the latter exhibiting a 7‐year delay in reaching the maximum value, (2) Network resilience to targeted attacks peaked at 18′ and 19′ in the HCs and at 25′ in the participants with ASD, and the weakest resilience occurred at age 7′, (3) The HCs and participants with ASD exhibited normalized mean degree differences in the right amygdala, and (4) significant differences in the network characteristics were observed in the 18′ age group at most of the densities analyzed.
Electrochemical Utilization of Iron IV in the Li1.3Fe0.4Nb0.3O2 Disordered Rocksalt Cathode
Authors: Lebens‐Higgins Zachary , Chung Hyeseung , Temprano Israel , Zuba Mateusz , Wu Jinpeng , Rana Jatinkumar , Mejia Carlos , Jones Michael A. , Wang Le , Grey Clare P. , Du Yingge , Yang Wanli , Meng Ying Shirley , Piper Louis. F. J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInterest in alkali‐rich oxide cathodes has grown in an effort to identify systems that provide high energy densities through reversible oxygen redox. However, some of the most promising compositions such as those based solely on earth abundant elements, e. g., iron and manganese, suffer from poor capacity retention and large hysteresis. Here, we use the disordered rocksalt cathode, Li1.3Fe0.4Nb0.3O2, as a model system to identify the underlying origin for the poor performance of Li‐rich iron‐based cathodes. Using elementally specific spectroscopic probes, we find the first charge is primarily accounted for by iron oxidation to 4+ below 4.25 V and O2 gas release beyond 4.25 V with no evidence of bulk oxygen redox. Although the Li1.3Fe0.4Nb0.3O2 is not a viable oxygen redox cathode, the iron 3+/4+ redox couple can be used reversibly during cycling.
Selective inhibitory effects of HYIpro‐3‐1 on CYP1A2 in human liver microsomes
Authors: Kim Younah , Kim Ju‐Hyun , Lee Taeho , Bae Jong‐Sup , Jeong Tae Cheon , Lee Eung Seok , Lee Sangkyu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCYP1A2 is one of the main Cytochrome P450 enzymes in the human liver associated with the metabolism of several xenobiotics. CYP1A2 is especially involved in the metabolic activation of different procarcinogens. Therefore, the development of cancer may be inhibited by inhibiting CYP1A2 activity. Here, the inhibitory effect of HYIpro‐3‐1 and its derivatives on CYP1A2 activity in human liver microsomes (HLM) was studied through LC‐MS/MS using a cocktail assay. Among the four compounds, HYIpro‐3‐1 showed the most selective and strongest inhibitory effect on CYP1A2 at IC50 values of 0.1 µM in HLMs and inhibition was confirmed using purified human CYP1A2. It was determined that inhibition is reversible because the inhibitory effect of HYIpro‐3‐1 is not dependent on preincubation time. HYIpro‐3‐1 showed a typical pattern of competitive inhibition for CYP1A2‐catalyzed phenacetin O‐deethylation, based on the Lineweaver‐Burk plot, with a Ki value of 0.05 μM in HLMs; the secondary plot also showed a linear pattern. In our study, HYIpro‐3‐1 was proposed as a novel inhibitor with the capacity to selectively inhibit CYP1A activity in HLMs.
Behavior analysts' perceptions of the population specificity or comprehensiveness of autism treatments
Authors: Campbell Elizabeth A. , Schreck Kimberly A. , Zane Thomas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe basic philosophy of radical behaviorism provides foundations for behavioral intervention applications in applied behavior analysis (ABA) across a variety of populations and human behaviors. However, as ABA increases in popularity for people with autism, many people perceive that ABA resembles other non‐research‐supported interventions which market themselves almost exclusively for autism. This study evaluated the extent to which behavior analysts perceived scientifically supported treatments (e.g., ABA) and non‐scientifically supported treatments as population‐specific or as comprehensively applicable across populations. Behavior analysts (N = 876) completed an online survey which indicated that approximately 3/4 of behavior analysts reported ABA as comprehensively effective for all people. Treatments without scientific support also were ranked more often or as effective as ABA for specific populations (i.e., intellectual and developmental disabilities, autism, severe behavior problems, adults, and children). Results indicated a continuing need to emphasize the education and requirements of radical behaviorism as the scientific foundations of ABA.
Frustules of Amphora sp. as a photonic crystal with photoluminescent CdS nanoparticles
Authors: González‐Fortuna Georgina , Arteaga‐Larios Nubia , Nahmad Yuri , Navarro‐Contreras Hugo R. , García‐Meza J. Viridiana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDiatom frustules have species‐specific patterns of pores, striae, pores, and nanopores, periodically arranged on its silica surface, as sets of cavities that modify the vacuum electromagnetic density of states. Therefore, frustules may be considered photonic crystals; the interaction with light‐emitting sources inside the pores may potentially result in enhancement or inhibition of their spontaneous radiative emission rate and frequencies. In this work, we studied the photoluminescence of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS‐NP) deposited inside frustule cavities that conveyed evidence of cavity–NP interaction. We synthesized CdS‐NP, a semiconductor compound achieving quantum dots small enough to impose confinement effects to the electronic states. CdS‐NP and their clusters were physiosorbed onto the surface, striae, and predominantly inside the pores of the cleansed frustules of Amphora sp. A broad peak with a maximum intensity at 437 nm (2.84 eV) was recorded after excitation with a 375 nm light source, showing a large blue shift and signal amplification of the CdS‐NP photoluminescence when these were embedded inside the pores of the silica frustule. Using the Brus equation, we estimated a NP size of 4.1 ± 0.2 nm for the CdS‐NP snuggly packed inside the smaller pores of the frustule, of 10 ± 0.7 nm in average diameter, The emission Purcell enhancement factor for an emitting atom in a cavity was calculated. The obtained Q factor (c. 5) was smaller than typical Q factors for designed semiconductor cavities of similar dimensions, an expected situation if it is assumed that the pores are open‐ended cavities.
The glenohumeral ligaments: Superior, middle, and inferior: Anatomy, biomechanics, injury, and diagnosis
Authors: Fox Alice J. S. , Fox Olivia J. K. , Schär Michael O. , Chaudhury Salma , Warren Russell F. , Rodeo Scott A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe three glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle, and inferior) are discrete thickenings of the glenohumeral joint capsule and are critical to shoulder stability and function. Injuries to this area are a cause of significant musculoskeletal morbidity. A literature search was performed by a review of PubMed, Google Scholar, and OVID for all relevant articles published up until 2020. This study highlights the anatomy, biomechanical function, and injury patterns of the glenohumeral ligaments, which may be relevant to clinical presentation and diagnosis. A detailed understanding of the normal anatomy and biomechanics is a necessary prerequisite to understanding the injury patterns and clinical presentations of disorders involving the glenohumeral ligaments of the shoulder.
Activity and bioavailability of tepotinib for leptomeningeal metastasis of NSCLC with MET exon 14 skipping mutation
Authors: Tanaka Hisashi , Taima Kageaki , Makiguchi Tomonori , Nakagawa Junichi , Niioka Takenori , Tasaka Sadatomo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTepotinib is a key drug for cancer patients with mesenchymal‐epithelial transition receptor tyrosine kinase proto‐oncogene (MET) exon 14 skipping mutation. However, its bioavailability in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in humans has not been fully elucidated. Moreover, information about the efficacy of tepotinib in patients with leptomeningeal metastasis is limited. Here, we present the case of a 56‐year‐old man who was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma with MET exon 14 skipping mutation. He was urgently hospitalized due to leptomeningeal metastasis. We administered tepotinib 500 mg/day as the second‐line therapy and observed improvement in leptomeningeal metastasis and performance status. The tepotinib concentrations reached 1,648 ng/mL in the plasma and 30.6 ng/mL in the CSF, with a penetration rate (CSF/plasma) of 1.83%. These demonstrate tepotinib could achieve a high rate of central nervous system transition and could be effective against leptomeningeal metastasis.
A Novel Solution to Treat Unesthetic Implant Restorations in the Esthetic Zone: A Case Report
Authors: Mathews David P. 
Published: January 2021

IntroductionSoft tissue dehiscences and deficiencies can occur around implants especially when they are malpositioned. There is a dearth of information on burying these fixtures and bridging over them to improve the prosthetic result. The patient presented with a very functional fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) from #7 to #10 which had been in place for 20 years. The patient requested replacement of the restoration for a better esthetic outcome.Case PresentationThe FDP was intact and did not need replacement other than for esthetic improvement. Implants were placed in the #8,9 sites and complications developed. After multiple hard and soft tissue surgeries, the case worsened. It was referred to a periodontist who reconstructed the site to ideal tissue levels. The patient had a very high smile line showing all of the soft tissue framework around the missing teeth. The prosthodontist and periodontist decided to leave the implants buried and bridged over them which resulted in an excellent esthetic outcome.ConclusionThis case points out the importance of considering all possible treatment plans and involving the patient in the final decision. The seemingly apparent obvious plan would have been to restore the implants and try to achieve an esthetic result. However, after the implants were placed and developed complications, the decision to bury them improved the probability of a better esthetic outcome. The gingival levels and height of papillae were esthetically more acceptable with an FDP than what would have resulted if the fixtures were re‐uncovered and restored.
Basic human values and sense of community as resource and responsibility
Authors: Mannarini Terri , Procentese Fortuna , Gatti Flora , Rochira Alessia , Fedi Angela , Tartaglia Stefano 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe study aimed at exploring the relationship between basic human values and sense of community (SOC). Specifically, it aimed at identifying which types of values exert an impact, whether these values are consistent with SOC as a resource and responsibility (SOC‐R), and whether the values‐SOC/SOC‐R relations change according to some community characteristics (i.e., stability and cohesion). The 1,334 participants in the survey were based in different local communities and completed a self‐report questionnaire containing measures of values, SOC, SOC‐R, perceived community cohesion, and stability. Results revealed a consistent pattern of values‐SOC/SOC‐R relations that support each of the respective theories and confirmed that SOC and SOC‐R are two separate constructs. Values sustaining SOC/SOC‐R (i.e., self‐transcendence and conservation) were also shown to increase SOC/SOC‐R when communities were perceived as low in stability and cohesion. Finally, the implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
The effect of inflammatory factors and their inhibitors on the hematopoietic stem cells fate
Authors: Najafi Sahar , Ghanavat Majid , Shahrabi Saied , Gatavizadeh Zahra , Saki Najmaldin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInflammatory cytokines exert different effects on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), lead to the development of various cell lineages in bone marrow (BM) and are thus a differentiation axis for HSCs. The content used in this article has been obtained by searching PubMed database and Google Scholar search engine of English‐language articles (1995–2020) using “Hematopoietic stem cell,” “Inflammatory cytokine,” “Homeostasis,” and “Myelopoiesis.” Inflammatory cytokines are involved in the differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors to compensate for cellular death due to inflammation. Since each of these cytokines differentiates HSCs into a specific cell line, the difference in the effect of these cytokines on the fate of HSC progenitors can be predicted. Inhibitors of these cytokines can also control the inflammatory process as well as the cells involved in leukemic conditions. In general, inflammatory signaling can specify the dominant cell line in BM to counteract inflammation and leukemic condition via stimulating or inhibiting hematopoietic progenitors. Therefore, detection of the effects of inflammatory cytokines on the differentiation of HSCs can be an appropriate approach to check inflammatory and leukemic conditions and the suppression of these cytokines by their inhibitors allows for control of homeostasis in stressful conditions.
Utilization of moderate pressure and elevated temperatures in the optimization of Ti2AlC‐cBN composites using SPS technique
Authors: Rampai Tokoloho , Sigalas Iakovos , Whitefield David 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe formation reaction mechanism of Ti2AlC cubic boron nitride (cBN) composite materials was investigated using different particle sizes at different volume percentages of cBN (20 and 40 vol%), at a constant moderate pressure while varying time and temperature. The results show that, under the investigated conditions, Ti2AlC decomposed at 1300°C with a simultaneous hexagonalization of the cBN, resulting in the creation of secondary phases including TiB2, TiC, TiN and AlN. It was observed that the optimum time and temperature for fabricating Ti2AlC‐cBN composites, where both phases were abundantly present, was 1250°C for 5 minutes for all composites. Under these conditions, there was no hBN in the resulting composites. Increasing the average particle size of cBN powder enhanced the stability of the Ti2AlC and cBN in the samples. Also, the increase in volume fraction of cBN was observed to further promote the stability of Ti2AlC and cBN in the samples. This was due to the decrease in surface area of cBN, which hampered hexagonalization of cBN. Whatever excess hBN present reacted completely with the MAX phase in the final composites. The secondary phases formed in the samples were TiAl2, Ti3Al, TiCb, TiB2, TiCxNy (in samples containing 100 µm cBN) and TiN (in samples containing 20 vol.% cBN). The reaction area between Ti2AlC and cBN was strongly bonded to the cBN and Ti2AlC phases. A controlled method of simultaneous hexagonalization of cBN and reaction of the resultant hBN with Ti2AlC has proved superior in forming composites of Ti2AlC with cBN.
Single‐Atom Alloys for the Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Darby Matthew T. , Stamatakis Michail 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSingle‐atom alloys (SAAs) consisting of isolated transition‐metal atoms doped in the surface of coinage metal hosts exhibit unique catalytic properties, harnessing the high activity of the dopant metals with the selectivity of the coinage metal hosts. Here we use density functional theory (DFT) to study SAAs comprised of Ni, Pd, Pt, Co and Rh doped into Ag and Au hosts, as candidate electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton‐exchange membrane (PEM) fuel‐cells. Our calculations reveal that the PdAu SAA exhibits a slightly lower theoretical overpotential, enhanced selectivity for 4‐e− ORR, and tolerance to CO‐poisoning compared to Pt(111). While the number of active sites of PdAu SAA is lower than that of Pt(111), the aforementioned desirable properties could bring the overall catalytic performance thereof close to that of Pt/C, indicating that the PdAu SAA could be a viable material for electrocatalytic ORR in PEM fuel‐cells.
External correlates of the SPECTRA: Indices of psychopathology (SPECTRA) in a clinical sample
Authors: Blais Mark A. , Sinclair Samuel Justin , Richardson Laura A. , Massey Christina , Stein Michelle B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe SPECTRA: Indices of Psychopathology is a broadband assessment inventory compatible with contemporary hierarchical models of psychopathology (internalizing, externalizing, reality impairing dimensions and global psychopathology factor). This study explored the SPECTRA's construct validity using a wide range of life event (extra‐test) variables in a clinical sample. The life event variables included the following: education level, school failure, childhood adversity, suicide attempts, psychiatric hospitalizations, depression, psychotic symptoms, self‐injury, substance abuse, arrests, physical violence, marital status, employment status and current medications. Results showed that all SPECTRA clinical scales had significant life event correlations. For the higher‐order Spectra scales, the global index of psychopathology had the greatest number and range of life event correlations. Correlations for the externalizing and reality impairing Spectra scales provided solid validity evidence, while correlations for the internalizing Spectra scale were more diffuse. These findings provide the first non‐test‐based evidence of construct validity for the SPECTRA.
Redox Potential Heterogeneity in Fixed‐Bed Electrodes Leads to Microbial Stratification and Inhomogeneous Performance
Authors: Quejigo Jose Rodrigo , Korth Benjamin , Kuchenbuch Anne , Harnisch Falk 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBed electrodes provide high electrode area‐to‐volume ratios represent a promising configuration for transferring bioelectrochemical systems close to industrial applications. Nevertheless, the intrinsic electrical resistance leads to poor polarization behavior. Therefore, the distribution of Geobacter spp. and their electrochemical performance within exemplary fixed‐bed electrodes are investigated. A minimally invasive sampling system allows characterization of granules from different spatial locations of bed electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry of single granules (n=63) demonstrates that the major share of electroactivity (134.3 mA L−1) is achieved by approximately 10 % of the bed volume, specifically that being close to the current collector. Nevertheless, analysis of the microbial community reveals that Geobacter spp. dominated all sampled granules. These findings clearly demonstrate the need for engineered bed electrodes to improve electron exchange between microorganisms and granules.