bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and in‐situ tensile strength of propodus of mantis shrimp
Authors: Zhao Qian , Chang Yanjiao , Lin Zhaohua , Zhang Zhihui , Han Zhiwu , Ren Luquan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEffects of microstructure and phase component on mechanical property of spearer propodus of mantis shrimp were investigated. The spearer propodus consisted of three layers including epicuticle (outer layer), exocuticle (middle layer), and endocuticle (inner layer). The outer layer was composed of fluorapatite, which was treated as permeability barrier to environment. The compact middle layer and inner layer were constituted of chitin‐protein fibers, which exhibited the layered spiral structure. Under the in‐situ tensile test environment, spearer propodus owned high mechanical strength, which bore maximum tensile fore of 320 N. In the in‐situ tensile process, cracks extended along with zigzag lines on spearer propodus surface. The middle layer and inner layer resisted the damage of force via the fracture and pulling of fibers. The crack deflection and delamination phenomena were the mechanical property mechanisms of spearer propodus of mantis shrimp. The investigations provided typical bionic models for the design and preparation of bionic structure materials, bionic anti‐impact materials, and bionic soft materials in engineering fields.
Correlation of the BI‐RADS assessment categories of Papua New Guinean women with mammographic parenchymal patterns, age and diagnosis
Authors: Pape Ruth , Spuur Kelly Maree , Wilkinson Jenny Maree , Umo Pius 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionWomen with increased breast density are at increased risk of breast cancer. The aim of this research is to evidence for the first time the mammographic breast findings of Papua New Guinean (PNG) women and the relationship between Breast Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) assessment, mammographic parenchymal patterns (MPPs) and age.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 1357 mammograms of women imaged at the Pacific International Hospital (PIH) from August 2006 to July 2010 was undertaken. Mammographic findings were categorised using the BI‐RADS Atlas® 5th Edition. MPPs were recorded for each woman using the Tabár Pattern I‐V classification system. Age was recorded in years. Statistical analysis was by descriptive analysis and Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s post‐test and Spearman’s rho correlation for inferential analysis.ResultsTrue pathological findings (benign and malignant); BI‐RADS 2–5 were noted in 111 women (8.2%); 1242 (91.5%) were negative. BI‐RADS categories for malignancy were reported in 16 (88.9%) of women aged 30 to 60 years. The lower risk Tabár Type I, II and III MPPs were associated with 94.4% (n = 17) of malignancies. Linear correlations between variables were weak and not statistically significant: age and Tabár pattern r = 0.031, P = 0.0261; age and BI‐RADS r = 0.018, P = 0.517; Tabár pattern and BI‐RADS r = 0.020, P = 0.459 (n = 1357).ConclusionThere was no correlation demonstrated between BI‐RADS category, age and MPP. Importantly, there was no correlation demonstrated between BI‐RADS categories 4 and 5 for breast malignancy and high‐risk Tabár Type IV and V MPPs. The results of this study again reflect that the incidence of breast cancer in PNG cannot be explained by breast density and suggest that any formalised screening program in PNG has a target age group aimed at women younger than that of Western screening programs.
Complete clinical response of a neglected cutaneous melanoma with combined radiotherapy and immunotherapy: A case report
Authors: Gorayski Peter , Dzienis Marcin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe treatment of patients with advanced melanoma has undergone a dramatic change over the past decade. Apart from refining the radiotherapy techniques, the repertoire of systemic treatments expanded from largely futile cytotoxic chemotherapy to substantially more effective MAP kinase and immune checkpoint inhibitors (Immunotargets Ther, 7, 2018)1. We report a case which exemplifies the improved efficacy as well as increased complexity of therapeutic decision‐making. A 71‐year‐old man presented with neglected fungating and bleeding malignant melanoma, which resulted in severe anaemia with consequent cardiac dysfunction. There was limited distant spread. Patient was treated with combined radiotherapy and immunotherapy: 55 Gray in 20 fractions over four weeks using 3D‐conformal technique followed by an anti‐PD1 antibody (pembrolizumab, Keytruda® Merck/MSD, Kenilworth N.J.; 2 mg/kg 3‐weekly). A surgical approach to provide haemostasis and cosmesis was considered, but would be associated with significant morbidity, prolonged recovery and functional impairment and would not have altered patient survival. The sequential radioimmunotherapy resulted in a complete response. Radiotherapy was completed with only mild skin toxicity. Immunotherapy was complicated by diarrhoea, which necessitated withdrawal of the medication but was controlled with steroids. The non‐operative treatment resulted in excellent oncological, functional and cosmetic outcome, with acceptable toxicity. Due to increasing complexity of melanoma therapy, a multidisciplinary approach is of paramount importance.
Comparison between 2D and 3D MEDIC for human cervical spinal cord MRI at 3T
Authors: Asiri Abdullah , Dimpudus Franky , Atcheson Nicole , Al‐Najjar Aiman , McMahon Katie , Kurniawan Nyoman D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionHigh‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spinal cord is important to provide accurate diagnosis and pathological assessment of injuries. MEDIC (Multiple Echo Data Image Combination) sequences have been used in clinical MRI; however, a comparison of the performance of 2D and 3D MEDIC for cervical spinal cord imaging has not been reported. The aim of this study is to compare axial 2D and 3D MEDIC for the visualisation of the grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) of the human cervical spinal cord.MethodsEight healthy participants were scanned using Siemens Prismafit 3T MRI. T2*‐weighted gradient spoiled 2D and 3D MEDIC sequences were acquired at 0.4 × 0.4 × 3.0 and 0.3 × 0.3 × 3.0 mm resolutions, with the acquisition times of 6 and 7 min, respectively. Quantitative analyses of the images were made based on the image signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) and non‐uniformity (NU). Two independent radiologists (CS and FN), each provided Likert scoring assessments of anatomical visibility of the GM and WM structures and image clarity for all samples.ResultsQuantitative evaluation showed that 3D MEDIC provided higher SNR, higher CNR and lower NU than 2D MEDIC. However, 2D MEDIC provided better anatomical visibility for the GM, WM and CSF, and higher image clarity (lower artefacts) compared to 3D MEDIC.Conclusions2D MEDIC provides better information for depicting the internal structures of the cervical spinal cord compared to 3D MEDIC.
Lowering the transmission and spread of human coronavirus
Authors: Meyers Craig , Robison Richard , Milici Janice , Alam Samina , Quillen David , Goldenberg David , Kass Rena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has created an unprecedented healthcare, social, and economic disaster. Wearing of masks and social distancing can significantly decrease transmission and spread, however, due to circumstances such as medical or dental intervention and personal choice these practices have not been universally adopted. Additional strategies are required to lessen transmission. Nasal rinses and mouthwashes, which directly impact the major sites of reception and transmission of human coronaviruses (HCoV), may provide an additional level of protection against the virus. Common over‐the‐counter nasal rinses and mouthwashes/gargles were tested for their ability to inactivate high concentrations of HCoV using contact times of 30 s, 1 min, and 2 min. Reductions in titers were measured by using the tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID50) assay. A 1% baby shampoo nasal rinse solution inactivated HCoV greater than 99.9% with a 2‐min contact time. Several over‐the‐counter mouthwash/gargle products including Listerine and Listerine‐like products were highly effective at inactivating infectious virus with greater than 99.9% even with a 30‐s contact time. In the current manuscript we have demonstrated that several commonly available healthcare products have significant virucidal properties with respect to HCoV.
Neuroinvasion of SARS‐CoV‐2 may play a role in the breakdown of the respiratory center of the brain
Authors: Dey Jhilik , Alam Md T. , Chandra Sreyashi , Gupta Jalaj , Ray Upasana , Srivastava Amit K. , Tripathi Prem P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe recent outbreak of the novel coronavirus, SARS‐CoV‐2, has emerged to be highly pathogenic in nature. Although lungs are considered as the primary infected organs by SARS‐CoV‐2, some of the other organs, including the brain, have also been found to be affected. Here, we have discussed how SARS‐CoV‐2 might infect the brain. The infection of the respiratory center in the brainstem could be hypothesized to be responsible for the respiratory failure in many COVID‐19 patients. The virus might gain entry through the olfactory bulb and invade various parts of the brain, including the brainstem. Alternatively, the entry might also occur from peripheral circulation into the central nervous system by compromising the blood–brain barrier. Finally, yet another possible entry route could be its dispersal from the lungs into the vagus nerve via the pulmonary stretch receptors, eventually reaching the brainstem. Therefore, screening neurological symptoms in COVID‐19 patients, especially toward the breakdown of the respiratory center in the brainstem, might help us better understand this disease.
Outcome of nucleos(t)ide analog intervention in patients with preventive or on‐demand therapy for hepatitis B virus reactivation
Authors: Tamori Akihiro , Kimura Kiminori , Kioka Kiyohide , Enomoto Hirayuki , Odagiri Naoshi , Kozuka Ritsuzo , Uchida‐Kobayashi Sawako , Enomoto Masaru , Kawada Norifumi , Mizokami Masashi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPreventive or on‐demand nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) therapy can prevent severe hepatitis related to hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBV‐R). However, it is unclear if NA can be safely stopped in such patients after cytotoxic therapies or during immunosuppressive therapies. We retrospectively evaluated 133 patients who initiated NA therapy between 2007 and 2018. A total of 103 patients were positive for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) at baseline, and NA therapy was started before cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy (preventive group). Thirty patients with resolved HBV infection were treated with NA therapy after HBV reactivation (on‐demand group). Virological relapse was defined as a serum HBV DNA level >20 IU/ml. NA therapy was stopped in 12 (12%) patients (preventive group), and in 16 (53%) patients (on‐demand group). After the cessation of NA therapy, the cumulative rates of relapse were 36% and 39% at 12 and 24 months, respectively. High levels of HBsAg both at baseline and at the cessation of NA therapy were related to the occurrence of relapse. Relapse did not occur in patients with HBsAg levels <20 IU/ml (preventive group). HBV relapse occurred in five (33%) patients in the on‐demand group. Relapse occurred only in anti‐HBs‐negative patients at the cessation of NA therapy. There were no cases of hepatitis flare after the cessation of NA therapy. HBsAg predicted HBV relapse after the cessation of NA therapy in HBsAg‐positive patients. Anti‐HBs could be a predictive marker for NA therapy cessation in patients with resolved HBV.
Modulation of vascular response after injury in the rat Achilles tendon alters healing capacity
Authors: Riggin Corinne N. , Rodriguez Ashley B. , Weiss Stephanie N. , Raja Harina A. , Chen Mengcun , Schultz Susan M. , Sehgal Chandra M. , Soslowsky Louis J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTendons are relatively hypovascular but become hypervascular during both injury and degeneration. This is due to the angiogenic response, or the formation of new blood vessels, to tissue injury. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vascular modulation in the rat Achilles tendons during healing. Fischer rats received a bilateral Achilles incisional injury followed by local injections of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), anti‐VEGF antibody (B20.4‐1‐1), or saline either early or late during the healing process. Vascular modulation and healing were evaluated using multiple in vivo ultrasound imaging modalities, in vivo functional assessment, and ex vivo measures of tendon compositional and mechanical properties. The late delivery of anti‐VEGF antibody, B20, caused a temporary reduction in healing capacity during a time point where vascularity was also decreased, and then an improvement during a later time point where vascularity was increased relative to control. However, VEGF delivery had a minimal impact on healing and vascular changes in both early and late delivery times. This study was the first to evaluate vascular changes using both in vivo imaging methods and ex vivo histological methods, as well as functional and mechanical outcomes associated with these vascular changes. Clinical significance: this study demonstrates that the alteration of vascular response through the delivery of angiogenic growth factors has the ability to alter tendon healing properties.
Is nonanatomic rectal resection a valid therapeutic option for rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors? A proposed decision algorithm
Authors: Romain Benoit , Delhorme Jean‐Baptiste , Manceau Gilles , Lefevre Jérémie H , Tresallet Christophe , Mariani Pascale , Iannelli Antonio , Rouanet Philippe , Piessen Guillaume , Brigand Cécile ,   the AFC working group
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe best surgical approach to rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) is still debated, and both nonanatomic rectal resection (NARR) and anatomic rectal resection (ARR) are applied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and oncological outcomes of NARR and ARR for rectal GISTs (R‐GISTs).MethodsThrough a large French multicentre retrospective study, 35 patients were treated for R‐GIST between 2001 and 2013. Patients who underwent NARR and ARR were compared.ResultsThere were 23 (65.7%) patients in group ARR and 12 (34.3%) in group NARR. Significantly more patients in the group with ARR had a neoadjuvant treatment (86%) with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) (imatinib) compared to those with NARR (25%) (p < .01). The median preoperative tumor size was significantly different between the groups without and with neoadjuvant TKI: 30 ± 23 mm versus 64 ± 44.4 mm, respectively (p < .001). Overall postoperative morbidity was 20% (n = 7) (26% for ARR vs. 8% for NARR; p = .4). After a median follow‐up of 60.2 (3.2–164.3) months, the 5‐year disease‐free survival rates were 79.5% (confidence interval [CI] 95%: 54–100) for the NARR group and 68% (CI 95%: 46.4–89.7) for the ARR group (p = .697), respectively.ConclusionThe use of NARR for small R‐GIST's does not seem to impair the oncological prognosis.
Thoracic vertebral morphology in normal and scoliosis deformity in skeletally immature rabbits: A Longitudinal study
Authors: Alfraihat Ausilah , Olson John Casey , Snyder Brian D. , Cahill Patrick J. , Balasubramanian Sriram 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo measure age‐related changes in thoracic vertebral body heights (VBH) in skeletally immature normative and scoliotic rabbits to assess how VBH change during growth. To examine the potential link between the moment‐arm of the rib tether and vertebral wedging as well as the sum of the curvature angles at the apical level (T7). To assess the correlation between the magnitude of initial spine curve and final spine curve in the scoliotic group.MethodsEight healthy, skeletally immature normative New Zealand rabbits and ten skeletally immature scoliotic rabbits which underwent unilateral rib tethering were included retrospectively. Each rabbit was scanned at two to four time points (at 7, 11, 14 and 28 weeks). Three dimensional bone models of thoracic vertebrae (T1‐T12) were digitally segmented and reconstructed. VBH were calculated using surface landmark points from each thoracic vertebra. Apical level (T7) ± 2 levels in scoliotic rabbits were compared to their corresponding levels and time points in the normative group. The moment‐arms between the centroids of 2D projections of T3‐T9 vertebral bodies and the line which connects the centroids of the end levels were calculated.ResultsBilateral left‐right (L‐R) symmetry and anterior‐posterior (A‐P) asymmetry were observed in normative VBH. Bilateral concave‐convex (CC‐CX) asymmetry and (A‐P) asymmetry were observed in scoliotic VBH. No significant differences in growth rates were found between the normative and scoliotic groups. Vertebral wedging as well as curvature magnitude were positively correlated with the moment‐arms.ConclusionUnilateral rib tether applies compressive forces on both concave and convex sides, whereas compressive forces are lower on the latter. Knowing the amount of vertebral wedging or curve magnitude would enable us to predict the applied force (moment‐arms), which is important for planning a corrective surgery.
Crypto access: Is it possible to use cryptocurrencies in scholarly periodicals?
Authors: Tarkhanov I. A. , Fomin‐Nilov D. V. , Fomin M. V. 
Published: September 2020

Key points
The integration of crypto assets into the traditional journal model offers potential for both user incentives and financial security, especially for new or small journals.
The case study reveals low uptake by users, which may be attributed to a resistance to new technology and underestimation of the incentives required.
Implementation of cryptocurrencies is likely to be more successful if it is implemented by many journals and in an open environment for publishers.
Comment on COVID‐19 in patients with myasthenia gravis: Author response
Authors: Anand Pria , Slama Michaël C. C. , Kaku Michelle , Ong Charlene , Cervantes‐Arslanian Anna M. , Zhou Lan , David William S. , Guidon Amanda C. 
Published: September 2020

See article on pages E85–E86 in this issue.
Does COVID‐19 outbreak cause spot electricity price discovery in India?
Authors: Rath Badri Narayan , Akram Vaseem 
Published: September 2020

This paper aims to investigate whether COVID‐19 pandemic causes the spot electricity price discovery of the Indian electricity market. To do so, we use the average daily spot electricity price data for five regions of the Indian electricity market (North, East, West, South, and North‐East). The data is considered from March 15, 2020 to May 02, 2020. The results obtained from cross‐sectional augmented Im, Pesaran and Shin (CIPS) unit root test show the stationary of spot electricity price and COVID‐19 at the level. Additionally, we use the Dumitrescu–Hurlin (DH) panel causality test to examine the causality between spot electricity price and COVID‐19. The results reveal the unidirectional causality which is running from COVID‐19 to the spot electricity price discovery but no other way around. Our findings suggests to the policymakers that across different regions of India (North, East, West, South, and North‐East), the ongoing coronavirus outbreak will further disrupt the electricity market.
Gastrointestinal bleeding risk with rivaroxaban vs aspirin in atrial fibrillation: A multinational study
Authors: Fanning Laura , Wong Ian C. K. , Li Xue , Chan Esther W. , Mongkhon Pajaree , Man Kenneth K. C. , Wei Li , Leung Wai K. , Darzins Peteris , Bell J. Simon , Ilomaki Jenni , Lau Wallis C. Y. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeComparative gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) risk between rivaroxaban and low‐dose aspirin is unknown in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This study investigated GIB risk with rivaroxaban vs aspirin among two separate AF cohorts in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom, using a common protocol approach.MethodsThis was a population‐based cohort study using separate data from the Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System (CDARS) of the Hong Kong Hospital Authority (2010‐2018) and The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database in the United Kingdom (2011‐2017). Patients with AF newly prescribed aspirin or rivaroxaban were included. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compare GIB risks for rivaroxaban vs aspirin, accounting for confounders using propensity score fine stratification approach.ResultsIn CDARS, 29 213 patients were included; n = 1052 (rivaroxaban), n = 28 161 (aspirin). Crude GIB event rates per 100 patient‐years in CDARS were 3.0 (aspirin) and 2.6 (rivaroxaban). No difference in GIB risk was observed between rivaroxaban and aspirin overall (HR = 1.04, 95%CI = 0.76‐1.42), and in dose‐stratified analyses (HR = 1.21, 95%CI = 0.84‐1.74 [20 mg/day]; HR = 0.80, 95%CI = 0.44‐1.45 [≤15 mg/day]). In THIN, 11 549 patients were included, n = 3496 (rivaroxaban) and n = 8053 (aspirin). Crude GIB event rates were 1.3 (aspirin) and 2.4 (rivaroxaban) per 100 patient‐years. No difference in GIB risk was observed between rivaroxaban and aspirin overall (HR = 1.40, 95%CI = 1.00‐1.98) and low‐dose rivaroxaban (≤15 mg/day) (HR = 1.00, 95%CI = 0.56‐1.30), but increased GIB risk was observed for rivaroxaban 20 mg/day vs aspirin (HR = 1.57, 95%CI = 1.08‐2.29).ConclusionIn patients with AF, GIB risk was comparable between aspirin and rivaroxaban ≤15 mg/day. GIB risk for rivaroxaban 20 mg/day vs aspirin remains uncertain and warrants further investigation.
Relationships among resilience, depressive symptoms, self‐esteem, and quality of life in children with cancer
Authors: Chung Joyce Oi Kwan , Li William Ho Cheung , Cheung Ankie Tan , Ho Laurie Long Kwan , Xia Wei , Chan Godfrey Chi Fung , Lopez Violeta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the interrelationships among resilience, self‐esteem, and depressive symptoms and determine whether resilience was a factor associated with quality of life for Hong Kong Chinese children with cancer.MethodsWe used a cross‐sectional study design. Participants were 138 Hong Kong Chinese children (aged 7–14 years) who were admitted to the pediatric oncology units of an acute public hospital. The resilience, depressive symptoms, self‐esteem, and quality of life of participating children were assessed. The primary outcome was the association between resilience and quality of life in children with cancer.ResultsIn total, 72 boys and 66 girls were recruited for this study (mean age 10.6 years). The mean levels of resilience, depressive symptoms, self‐esteem, and quality of life were 23.4, 30.0, 23.0, and 63.6, respectively. There was a statistically significant strong positive correlation between resilience and quality of life (r = 0.60, p < 0.01), indicating that greater resilience was associated with better quality of life. Children with cancer from single‐parent families, those diagnosed with a brain tumor, and those who received multiple treatments reported significantly lower levels of resilience, self‐esteem, and quality of life, and greater depressive symptoms than other children (all p's < 0.001). Results of a multiple regression analysis revealed that resilience (p < 0.001) was a strong factor associated with quality of life among children with cancer.ConclusionsIt is essential that healthcare professionals implement interventions to boost the resilience of children with cancer, thereby enhancing their quality of life.