bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A framework for evaluating the impact of the IUCN Red List of threatened species
Authors: Betts Jessica , Young Richard P. , Hilton‐Taylor Craig , Hoffmann Michael , Rodríguez Jon Paul , Stuart Simon N. , Milner‐Gulland E.J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, a species extinction risk assessment tool, has been guiding conservation efforts for over 5 decades. It is widely assumed to have been instrumental in preventing species from moving closer to extinction and driving recoveries. However, the impact of the IUCN Red List in guiding conservation has not been evaluated. We conducted, transcribed, and coded interviews with experts who use the IUCN Red List across a range of sectors to understand how the list is used in conservation. We developed a theory of change to illustrate how and why change is expected to occur along causal pathways contributing to the long‐term goal of the IUCN Red List and an evaluation framework with indicators for measuring the impact of the IUCN Red List in generating scientific knowledge, raising awareness among stakeholders, designating priority conservation sites, allocating funding and resources, influencing development of legislation and policy, and guiding targeted conservation action (key themes). Red‐list assessments were the primary input leading to outputs (scientific knowledge, raised awareness), outcomes (better informed priority setting, access to funding and resource availability, improved legislation and policy), and impact (implemented conservation action leading to positive change) that have resulted in achievement of IUCN Red List goals. To explore feasibility of attributing the difference made by the IUCN Red List across themes, we studied increased scientific knowledge, raised awareness, access to funding and resource allocation, and increased conservation activity. The feasibility exploration showed increased scientific knowledge over time identified through positive trends in publications referring to the IUCN Red List in the literature; raised awareness of the list following high IUCN activity identified by peaks in online search activity; an increased proportion of conservation funding bodies requesting IUCN Red List status in the application process; and, based on interviews with Amphibian Specialist Group members, red‐list assessments were essential in connecting relevant stakeholders and ensuring conservation action. Although we identified the IUCN Red List as a vital tool in global conservation efforts, it was challenging to measure specific impacts because of its ubiquitous nature. We are the first to identify the influence of the IUCN Red List on conservation.
Non‐negligible rate of needle tract seeding after endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration for patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yane Kei , Kuwatani Masaki , Yoshida Makoto , Goto Takuma , Matsumoto Ryusuke , Ihara Hideyuki , Okuda Toshinori , Taya Yoko , Ehira Nobuyuki , Kudo Taiki , Adachi Takeya , Eto Kazunori , Onodera Manabu , Sano Itsuki , Nojima Masanori , Katanuma Akio 
Published: December 2019

Background and aimsNeedle tract seeding after preoperative endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) for pancreatic body and tail cancer has been reported. This study aimed to investigate the long‐term outcomes, including the needle tract seeding ratio, of patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic body and tail cancer diagnosed preoperatively by EUS‐FNA.MethodsThis retrospective, observational cohort study assessed patients from three university hospitals and 11 tertiary referral centers. All patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy for invasive cancer of the pancreatic body and tail between January 2006 and December 2015 were identified and reviewed. Needle tract seeding rate, recurrence‐free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated.ResultsOf the 301 total patients analyzed, 176 underwent preoperative EUS‐FNA (EUS‐FNA group) and 125 did not (non‐EUS‐FNA group). The median follow‐up periods of the EUS‐FNA group and non‐EUS‐FNA group were 32.8 and 30.1 months. Six patients (3.4%) in the EUS‐FNA group were diagnosed as having needle tract seeding. The 5‐year cumulative needle tract seeding rate estimated using Fine and Gray's method was 3.8% (95% CI 1.6–7.8%). The median RFS or OS was not significantly different between the EUS‐FNA group and the non‐EUS‐FNA group (23.7 vs 16.9 months: P = 0.205; 48.0 vs 43.9 months: P = 0.392).ConclusionAlthough preoperative EUS‐FNA for pancreatic body and tail cancer has no negative effect on RFS or OS, needle tract seeding after EUS‐FNA was observed to have a non‐negligible rate. (UMIN000030719)
How point‐of‐care HbA1c testing changes the behaviour of people with diabetes and clinicians – a qualitative study
Authors: Hirst J. A. , Farmer A. J. , Williams V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo explore adults with diabetes and clinician views of point‐of‐care HbA1c testing.MethodsAdults with diabetes and HbA1c ≥ 58 mmol/mol (7.5%) receiving HbA1c point‐of‐care testing in primary care were invited to individual interviews. Participants were interviewed twice, once prior to point‐of‐care testing and once after 6 months follow‐up. Clinicians were interviewed once. A thematic framework based on an a priori framework was used to analyse the data.ResultsFifteen participants (eight women, age range 30–70 years, two Asians, 13 white Europeans) were interviewed. They liked point‐of‐care testing and found the single appointment more convenient than usual care. Receiving the test result at the appointment helped some people understand how some lifestyle behaviours affected their control of diabetes and motivated them to change behaviours. Receiving an immediate test result reduced the anxiety some people experience when waiting for a result. People thought there was little value in using point‐of‐care testing for their annual review. Clinicians liked the point‐of‐care testing but expressed concerns about costs.ConclusionsThis work suggests that several features of point‐of‐care testing may encourage behavioural change. It helped some people to link their HbA1c result to recent lifestyle behaviours, thereby motivating behavioural change and reinforcing healthy lifestyle choices.
Combined individual and family therapy in comparison to treatment as usual for people at‐risk of psychosis: A feasibility study (IF CBT): Trial rationale, methodology and baseline characteristics
Authors: Law Heather , Izon Emma , Au‐Yeung Karmen , Morrison Anthony P. , Byrne Rory , Notley Caitlin , Yung Alison , Norrie John , French Paul 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimsCurrent National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines for psychosis recommend psychological therapy with or without family intervention for individuals at‐risk of developing psychosis. NICE guidelines have a specific research recommendation to investigate the clinical and cost effectiveness of combined individual and family intervention. We report the rationale, design and baseline characteristics of a feasibility study which aimed to investigate combined Individual and Family Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (IFCBT) for those at‐risk of developing psychosis.MethodsThe IFCBT study was a single blind, pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) to compare a combined individual and family Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) intervention to treatment as usual. Participants were assessed using the Comprehensive Assessment of the At‐risk Mental State (CAARMS) and randomly allocated to either therapy or enhanced treatment as usual (ETAU). All participants were followed up at 6 and 12 months. Primary feasibility outcomes were recruitment and retention of participants. Secondary outcomes included transition to psychosis and assessment of mood, anxiety and the relationship of the individual and nominated family member.ResultsWe report data showing entry into the study from initial enquiry to randomization. We report the characteristics of the recruited sample of individuals (n = 70) and family members (n = 70) at baseline.ConclusionsThe study recruited to 92% of target demonstrating it is feasible to identify and recruit participants. Our study aimed to add to the current evidence base regarding the utility of family interventions for people at‐risk of psychosis.
Impact of exposure to severe suicidal behaviours in patients during psychiatric training: An online French survey
Authors: Leaune Edouard , Durif‐Bruckert Christine , Noelle Hugo , Joubert Fabien , Ravella Noémie , Haesebaert Julie , Poulet Emmanuel , Chauliac Nicolas , Cuvillier Bruno 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimPatient suicide (PS) has been identified as a frequent and stressful “occupational hazard” for mental health professionals. Studies are needed to assess the impact on psychiatric trainees of the exposure to severe patient suicidal behaviours.MethodsOur cross‐sectional study aimed to measure the prevalence of exposure to PS and severe patient suicide attempts (SPSA) in French psychiatric trainees. We also assessed the emotional, traumatic and professional impacts and perceived support in the aftermath through a 62‐item online questionnaire that included the French version of the IES‐R, a composite emotional score and questions about professional practice and perceived support. All French psychiatric trainees were contacted regarding participation in the study through email and social networks between November 2017 and March 2018.ResultsA total of 409 trainees participated in the survey (response rate = 16.4%). 253 trainees fully completed the questionnaire. Of the 253 trainees, 43.2% were exposed to PS and 13.8% to SPSA. The exposure mostly occurred in the early stage of the training period. Ten to 15% of exposed trainees showed a high level of traumatic and emotional impact and 8.1% exhibited clinically relevant symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We found that 21.6% received no support in the aftermath, especially after PS.ConclusionA large proportion of psychiatric trainees encounter severe suicidal behaviours of patients, and a substantial part of them is highly impacted. Our results thus stress the need for programmes dedicated to the prevention of the deleterious effects of the exposure to PS or SPSA in psychiatric trainees.
What predicts quality of life after subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease? A systematic review
Authors: Geraedts V. J. , Feleus S. , Marinus J. , van Hilten J. J. , Contarino M. F. 
Published: December 2019

Background and purposeSubthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) is an effective therapy against medication‐refractory motor complications in patients with Parkinson’s disease. However, it remains difficult to predict which baseline patient characteristics are associated with quality of life (QoL) after surgery. The objective was to identify preoperative factors associated with QoL after STN DBS by systematically reviewing publications of sufficient methodological quality.MethodsMain databases were systematically searched up to March 2019 to identify studies that investigated factors associated with QoL after STN DBS in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease.ResultsIn all, 869 studies were identified, of which 18 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Higher QoL after DBS appears to be associated with a large preoperative difference between ON and OFF motor function in some studies, although there was no clear association of severity of motor function or motor complications with postoperative QoL. Lower severity of dyskinesias was associated with greater postoperative QoL improvement but has been insufficiently studied. Higher baseline QoL was suggestive of higher postoperative QoL. Four studies suggested that older age at surgery is associated with a lower improvement, although six other studies reported no association. No or limited evidence was found for cognitive impairment or psychiatric dysfunction.ConclusionVarious relative contraindications for STN DBS such as cognitive impairment and psychiatric dysfunction appear to be unrelated to postoperative QoL. However, the lack of clear correlations with disease‐related variables suggests that QoL may be individually influenced by other factors, indicating that an ideal preoperative patient profile with regard to QoL improvement cannot be readily provided.
Management of bladder rupture in mature horses
Authors: Peitzmeier M. D. , Slone D. E. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryRupture of the urinary bladder of adult horses is rare with both reports of surgical repair and conservative management in the literature. The case report by Goslinget al. in this issue describes the successful treatment of an iatrogenic bladder tear in an adult gelding. The aim of this commentary is to review the described treatment options.
Surgical treatment of a complicated distal tibia epiphyseal Salter–Harris type I fracture in a yearling
Authors: Noguera Cender A. C. , Lischer C. J. , Mählmann K. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryThis article describes the management of a complicated distal epiphyseal Salter–Harris type I fracture of the left tibia in a yearling horse. Closed reduction and internal fixation was attempted in the first surgery using tension band wires. Due to fracture instability 2 weeks after surgery, a full‐limb transfixation pin cast was applied to the tibia and maintained for 7 weeks to prevent further fracture displacement and to achieve axial alignment. The full‐limb cast was maintained for a total of 12 weeks, including the time with the transfixation pin cast. Cast sores and tendon laxity resolved without further complications. Ten months after the first surgery, the fracture had radiographically healed, and the horse was sound at the walk and trot in a straight line.
Pick and Roll: Expanded roles for a state auditor
Authors: Sher‐Hadar Neta 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a theoretical typology for categorizing the multiple roles played by public auditing today, containing four audit modes: classic administrative audit, policy analysis audit, values‐based audit, and public agenda audit. While some specific aspects of these functions have been studied in other contexts, to the best of my knowledge they have not yet been examined and articulated as a whole. Using examples from Israel, this paper seeks to bridge this gap in the literature by presenting this evolution, offering a theoretical framework for identifying and discussing its new scope, and their implications both for the future of the state audit and for democracy.
Deep imaging reveals new insights into mammary gland architecture and breast cancer susceptibility
Authors: Ingman Wendy V. 
Published: December 2019

The abundance of adipose tissue in the mammary gland obscures vision of the 3‐dimensional architecture. Hitchcock et al. employed a new technique of deep tissue imaging that has enabled visualisation of dynamic interactions between mammary gland epithelial and immune cells with unprecedented 3‐dimensional clarity. Deep imaging will help further our understanding of the complex biological interactions that underpin both normal mammary gland development and the susceptibility of this tissue to cancer. This knowledge will assist the development of much‐needed prevention strategies to reduce the incidence of breast cancer.Comment on: https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.15126
Invasion of freshwater ecosystems is promoted by network connectivity to hotspots of human activity
Authors: Chapman Daniel S. , Gunn Iain D. M. , Pringle Henrietta E. K. , Siriwardena Gavin M. , Taylor Philip , Thackeray Stephen J. , Willby Nigel J. , Carvalho Laurence 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimHotspots of human activity are focal points for ecosystem disturbance and non‐native introduction, from which invading populations disperse and spread. As such, connectivity to locations used by humans may influence the likelihood of invasion. Moreover, connectivity in freshwater ecosystems may follow the hydrological network. Here we tested whether multiple forms of connectivity to human recreational activities promotes biological invasion of freshwater ecosystems.LocationEngland, UK.Time period1990–2018.Major taxa studiedOne hundred and twenty‐six non‐native freshwater birds, crustaceans, fish, molluscs and plants.MethodsMachine learning was used to predict spatial gradients in human recreation and two high risk activities for invasion (fishing and water sports). Connectivity indices were developed for each activity, in which human influence decayed from activity hotspots according to Euclidean distance (spatial connectivity) or hydrological network distance (downstream, upstream and along‐channel connectivity). Generalized linear mixed models identified the connectivity type most associated to invasive species richness of each group, while controlling for other anthropogenic and environmental drivers.ResultsConnectivity to humans generally had stronger positive effects on invasion than all other drivers except recording effort. Recreation had stronger influence than urban land cover, and for most groups high risk activities had stronger effects than general recreation. Downstream human connectivity was most important for invasion by most of the groups, potentially reflecting predominantly hydrological dispersal. An exception was birds, for which spatial connectivity was most important, possibly because of overland dispersal capacity.Main conclusionsThese findings support the hypothesis that freshwater invasion is partly determined by an interaction between human activity and species dispersal in the hydrological network. By comparing alternative connectivity types for different human activities, our approach could enable robust inference of specific pathways and spread mechanisms associated with particular taxa. This would provide evidence to support better prioritization of surveillance and management for invasive non‐native species.
Drivers of large‐scale geographical variation in sexual systems of woody plants
Authors: Wang Yunyun , Lyu Tong , Shrestha Nawal , Lyu Lisha , Li Yaoqi , Schmid Bernhard , Freckleton Robert P. , Dimitrov Dimitar , Liu Shuguang , Hao Zhanqing , Wang Zhiheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimSexual systems strongly influence angiosperm evolution and play important roles in community assembly and species responses to climate change. However, geographical variation in proportions of different sexual systems (dioecy, monoecy and hermaphroditism) in response to changes in climate, life‐history traits and evolutionary age remains poorly understood. Here, we map the geographical variation in proportions of different sexual systems and hypothesize that the prevalence of hermaphrodites increases with aridity owing to their advantages in colonizing harsh environments, whereas dioecy is most successful in humid regions with tall‐canopy vegetation and old floras.LocationChina.Time periodCurrent.Major taxa studiedWoody angiosperms.MethodsUsing data on sexual systems and distributions of 10,449 woody species in China, we estimated the proportions of different sexual systems in local floras (50 km × 50 km grid cells). Spatial linear models, phylogenetic general linear models and structural equation models were used to compare the relative influences of climate, plant height and evolutionary age on geographical variation in proportions of different sexual systems.ResultsWe found contrasting geographical patterns in the proportions of different sexual systems. The proportions of dioecy and monoecy increased with plant height and were highest in humid regions with older floras, whereas that of hermaphroditism decreased with plant height and was highest in arid regions with younger floras. Plant height was the strongest correlate of sexual system frequency. Climate influenced sexual system frequency both directly and indirectly via its effects on plant height.Main conclusionsOur study provides the first continuous map of sexual system composition in woody floras over a large spatial scale. Our findings suggest that mature plant height, reflecting plant longevity, dominates geographical variation in sexual systems and that the proportions of different sexual systems in local floras might reflect their correlated evolution with traits in response to climate changes.
Predictive factors for Enterococcus faecalis in complicated community‐acquired urinary tract infections in older patients
Authors: Madrazo Manuel , Esparcia Ana , Alberola Juan , Ferrer Anna , Eiros José M , Nogueira José M , Artero Arturo 
Published: December 2019

AimRisk factors for complicated community acquired Enterococcus faecalis urinary tract infection (UTI) in older patients are not well known.MethodsWe identified the predictive factors for E. faecalis on a cohort of 659 older patients admitted to hospital with complicated UTI. We also examined the adequacy of empirical antimicrobial therapy and outcomes in E. faecalis UTI. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of E. faecalis UTI.ResultsA total of 87 (13.2%) patients had E. faecalis UTI; of these 63.2% were men, their mean age was 82.3 years and they had a great number of comorbidities. Severe sepsis or septic shock was present in 50.5%, and bacteremia was present in 26%. Indwelling urinary catheter and previous urinary instrumentation were risk factors for E. faecalis UTI by multivariate analysis (OR 2.05; 95% CI 1.15–3.65 and OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.08–4.34, respectively). Inadequate empirical antimicrobial therapy was higher in E. faecalis UTI than in UTI caused by Gram‐negative microorganisms (66.6% vs 19%, P < 0.001). No significant differences in length of hospital stay or mortality were noted between E. faecalis and Gram‐negative UTI.ConclusionsIn older patients admitted to hospital with complicated community‐acquired UTI, E. faecalis should be considered for empirical treatment if the patient has a urinary catheter or previous urinary tract instrumentation in order to avoid inadequate empirical antibiotic therapy. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; ••: ••–••.
Unemployment with trade and firm heterogeneity
Authors: Hung Li‐Wen , Peng Shin‐Kun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBy specifying the setting of the footloose capital model with firm heterogeneity, this paper examines the effects of trade liberalization on unemployment through two different mechanisms: firstly, we embed search frictions into the labor market; and secondly, we consider fair wages as the source of unemployment. In the model with search frictions, we find that both the expected wage and employment rate could be higher for a small country with better search technology. In the fair wage setting, the results show that an increase in trade freeness increases the unemployment rate of the large (small) country when the trade freeness is sufficiently high (low). Finally, we try to compare the welfare levels under different scenarios and discover that unemployment may lead to a deterioration in the welfare gains from trade.