bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IoT Implementation on Artificial Lift System in the KS Brownfield in South Sumatra Indonesia
Authors: Hidayat Azis , Sujai Ahmad , Aryadi Yuzar , Fathurachman Ahmad 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The world industrial revolution has entered industry 4.0, where cyber-physical systems monitor physical processes over the internet of things (IoT) and cloud computing. SCADA is one of area where the industry 4.0 can be implemented, which could swift the way of work to monitor and control wells production from human dependent to real time data dependent. However, the implementation of SCADA technology is usually constrained by expensive cost.
In the KS brownfield, ESP is the major artificial lift. Most of the ESP are controlled with variable speed drive (VSD) without being connected to online monitoring system. To check the ESP status and healthy pump condition, it requires extensive manpower for daily site visit. By using supervisory control and data acquisition, the ESP status and parameters can be transferred directly to the users. The GSM-cellular network in the KS field covers most the wells location. This network can be an option to optimize the initial cost impact in SCADA implementation. A single platform of SCADA with automatic notification and well modeling capability in web-based application is also prepared to provide clear analysis based on real-time ESP parameters and widely accessible.
Simple GSM modem installed inside the VSD box to transfer critical parameters on real-time basis through the internet. During the implementation, some issues especially related to modem communication device aroused which significantly gave negative impact in this project. To handle these issues, more schematic communication and modem modification then implemented to withstand certain unexpected condition. Automatic machine notification and intelligent alarm are also create great benefit to increase operator response time.
This paper will describe why this type of SCADA system is a fit to purpose solution for this typical brownfield with simple installation, relatively low cost, good communication performance and decent security.
LNG Tank Automation at Floating Storage Unit to Maximize Regasification Product at Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: M Jaini Mimi Juazlin , Tn Harun Tn Arif , Rahmawati Silvya Dewi , Suryajaya Bobby , Muhammad Mahanum 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses the tank management optimization or automation of floating Storage Unit vessels in Peninsular Malaysia. The objective of automation is to determine which tanks need to be emptied for the incoming cargo (unloading process) and for the gas product from the regasification to be maximized. The FSU and jetty regasification unit (JRU) are in the same location, and both are offshore. Therefore, efficient production strategic planning is required.
Tank management of the FSU unit has two procedures that must be fulfilled during the unloading and send-out activities: (i) The calculation must be developed beginning with the unloading – send -out activity. The activity is conducted when new cargo comes and fill the tank in the FSU (unloading). Meanwhile, the send-out activity is also conducted to manage high boil off gas (BoG) generation (re-condensation of the BoG) resulting from the unloading activity. The send-out activity must be conducted from the tank to the regasification unit. (ii) The send-out activity occurs after the unloading-send-out activity (previous activity) to fulfill the requirement from the regasification unit (nomination). The liquified natural gas (LNG) storage does not allow for mixed cargo to be stored in the same tank.
Automation will provide an optimum send-out plan from each tank and each FSU. Currently, the range of cargo volumes that comes to the FSU is between 130 to 145 K M3. Using the proposed method, larger cargo could be scheduled and maximum gas from regasification at the JRU increases. Tank management automation will consider the first-in-first-out (FIFO) method regarding unloading time, boil off gas (BoG) temperature condition, and tank send-out sequence to ensure FSU balance. The FSU balance must be considered for the safety of the entire LNG regasification operation. Automation will provide an indication for the inter-tank transfer strategy when the volume of the incoming cargo requires more space compared to the available space.
This is the first concept developed to create the best strategy for utilizing FSU and JRU units. The same concept could be implemented around the world for different cases, such as FSUs located offshore and JRUs located onshore, different tank sizes, and different regasification units.
Improving Cycle Time to Deliver Perforation Charges for Unconventional Fracturing Operations
Authors: Alulait Mohammed , Kurdi Mohammed 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper overviews the application of Lean Six Sigma (L6S) framework and principles to reduce overall cycle time needed to deliver perforation charges for rig-less unconventional well sites. As the unconventional program at Saudi Aramco embarked on a number of shale plays around the Kingdom, the number of fracturing stages increased sharply year on year requiring tremendous efforts to improve operational efficiency. Perforating charges are delivered to rig-less completion sites to be used in multi-stage fracturing of unconventional horizontal wells. These charges are critical for use in several well completion operational applications that are essential for establishing productivity of wells. The perforating charges are inserted in perforation guns or isolation devices, which are lowered to predetermined depths in drilled wells. The tools are subsequently triggered with an electronic signal from the surface controlling cabin to activate the Bottom Hole Assembly (BHA) tools. In an effort to reduce operational Non-Productive Time (NPT), Lean Six Sigma (L6S) was utilized. L6S is a combination of two exclusive expert knowledge areas that were employed to remove excess waste in the business process of delivering perforating charges to well sites (Lean) as well as to improve success prospect in the repetitive operation of perforating charges delivery (Six Sigma). Lean Six Sigma is a proven recipe to substantially enhance business processes through the implementation of a multitude of various tools and methodologies that ultimately aim to achieve predetermined improvement criteria. The deployment of the study's recommendations has subsequently reduced NPT drastically in relation to perforating charges delivery to almost nonexistent levels as detailed in the paper. With the aforementioned increase in the number of stages yearly, the number of well intervention jobs requiring perforating charges is expected to rapidly increase annually due to the high demand for these types of rig-less operations. By reducing NPT, there will be significant cost savings year on year that will be realized as a result of L6S application.
Facies Analysis Using Biostratigraphy Data and Also Development and Controlling Factors of Miocene Carbonate Buildups, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Putu Putu Yoga , Dzaki Darojatun Fakhrul , Luqman Luqman , Rizaldy Rizaldy Rahadian , Ricky Ricky Helbet , Sartika Sartika Anastasia , Waris Waris Budi , Junaedi Junaedi , Rahmad Rahmad Wibowo , Sugeng Sugeng Haryanto 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Quantitative analysis of facies in a complex depositional environment is have some difficulty in terms of ability to constrain the data available into easily recognizable and reproducible facies types. One of the most challenging environments is the shallow water carbonate depositional system. Using subsurface data, a facies class of Tertiary carbonates of Banggai Basin was established to allow reproducible facies descriptions by multiple workers. The analysis based on core data from Research area (about 2,000 feet of core from five wells)
Tertiary subsurface carbonates of the Research area, range in age from Late Miocene to Early Pliocene and are comprised of diachronously deposited shallow water platform carbonate build-ups and associated with detrital carbonate sediments.
Time equivalent carbonates of the Mentawa member Limestone, showing the same range of environments. On the basis of faunal content, grain types, sedimentary texture, and sedimentary structure, Autochthonous facies types represent reef margin, platform interior, and slope environments ranging from shallow-water, reefal boundstone and rudstone to planktonic foraminifera wackestone and packstone. Allochthonous facies represent grain-dominated, detrital facies types, intercalated within mud-dominated to graindominated facies types; rich in planktonic foraminifera.
Age diagnostic, large benthic foraminifera (LBF), planktonic foraminifera, and calcareous nannoplankton enable the correlation of subsurface data and allow high-resolution sequence stratigraphic correlation throughout the research area. Integration of subsurface data leads to more insightful and realistic geological models of subsurface stratigraphy. The sequence stratigraphic development of the subsurface Paleogene in Research area, Central Sulawesi, was define using well cuttings, core data and wireline logs tied into largely published biostratigraphic and available seismic data.
Large benthic foraminifera assembladges used for detailing depositional environment also associated with reef connected environment. Diagenetic process indicating creation and destruction of carbonate porosity, due to presence of marine, fresh water, pressure and temperature that present in term of tectonic and subsidence. Some of the micritization, recrystallization, and neomorphism .
Preparing for Decommissioning: Development of Inspection, Maintenance, and Repair IMR Strategy for Inactive Offshore Platform
Authors: Suputra I Made , Junedi Karyadi , Putra Girindra Fajar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Referring to the Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) Decree No. 15 of 2018 concerning Post-Operation Activities in Upstream Oil and Gas Businesses and the SKK Migas Working Guideline No. 040 (PTK 040) Revision 01 on the Abandonment and Site Restoration (ASR), all Production Sharing Contract (PSC) contractors in Indonesia are required to carry out the ASR operations when production ceases, and to establish and contribute to an ASR fund. Prior to carry out the ASR operations, PSC contractors must submit an ASR program plan and cost estimate to SKK Migas for approval. As a mature oil and gas field of which its offshore platforms were mostly installed in the 1970’s and 1980’s, PT. Pertamina Hulu Energi Offshore North West Java (PHE ONWJ) must be ready to face challenges regarding ASR operations and platform decommissioning. It is anticipated that during the strategic planning phase, PHE ONWJ will deal with many uncertainties and unknowns, including the asset integrity of inactive platform during idle time prior to decommissioning execution, which may lead to high decommissioning cost. Inactive platforms tend to get low priority in annual Inspection, Maintenance and Repair (IMR) activities. Meanwhile, the availability and quality of asset integrity data is crucial to reduce the uncertainties and to identify the unknowns. This paper mainly discusses the efforts to initiate the IMR strategy for inactive platforms in PHE ONWJ. An optimum IMR strategy for inactive platform in ONWJ field has been developed to ensure the availability and quality of the data as feeds for decommissioning projects. With comprehensive data, it is expected that PHE ONWJ can suppress the uncertainties, identify the unknowns, and optimize the decommissioning project costs.
Revisitting Cisubuh Formation in Onshore North West Java Basin; New Analysis from Seismic Stratigraphy, Geochemistry, and Subsurface Perspective; Implication for Petroleum System and Shallow Target Hydrocarbon Exploration in Northwest Java Basin;Case Study Randegan Field and Mt. Kromong Area
Authors: Ginanjar Aji Rahmat , Anggraeni Esti , Subhan Muhammad , Aditya Adzuhri , Suhartanto Ibnu , Wibowo Wisnu , Hasani Nurul 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Onshore Northwest Java Basin (NWJB) is one of the proven hydrocarbon basin in Indonesia. Conventional Play for this basin are limited to deep reservoir target such as Parigi, Cibulakan, BRF, TAF and Jatibarang Formation. This lead to high cost for drilling. This Paper present new insight on Shallow target with less than 1000 m and proven as good reservoir.
Previous study show that Cisubuh Formation is not a reservoir in many regional stratigraphy chart; it is a regional seal in onshore NWJB. This Formation contain only shale with intercalated sandstone in previous study. The method in this study is detail subsurface mapping of Cisubuh Formation in onshore NWJB including Seismic inversion analysis from seismic data to detect hydrocarbon anomaly, combine with lithological description from cutting and integrated with outcrop data and geochemistry data.
Sequence stratigraphy and lithological description is use to make more accurate stratigraphic colomn of Cisubuh Formation. The result show there are Carbonat buildup in Cisubuh Formation, transgressive sand that have good reservoir property and conglomerate. Moreover, from outcrop study it show that Total Organic Carbon from 17 sample have a value 0,27 - 4,43%, it means Cisubuh Formation have a low-very good candidate as a source rock. From Pirolysis Rock Eval Analysis show that this formation have Tmax 331-557° C with Hydrogen Index 3-338 H/g. That means that the sample from this Formation is mature-over mature and from Hydrocarbon index this formation categorized as gas prone and oil prone.
Drilling of KYM-01 well proving that Cisubuh formation is a good reservoir, it produce two MMSCF gas from Cisubuh interval. Optimizing this sudy will help for future development on many oil fields on onshore NWJB, shifting the paradigm from depth reservoir target
Wettability Study of Mixed-Wet Carbonate with Multiple Pore Systems Using Advanced In-Situ MRI Technologies
Authors: Gao Jun , Kwak Hyung T. , AlSinan Marwah 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A clear description of the wettability of carbonate rocks poses numerous challenges due to its non-uniformity and uncertainty caused by complex pore systems and weak fluid/rock interactions. Aging in the crude oil and spontaneous brine imbibition of core samples in the laboratory constitute essential steps of wettability restoration, wettability measurement, and oil mobilization. Various aging durations are used to restore the carbonate wettability by researchers. The imbibed oil/water quantities in the Amott test are sometimes in the range of several percentages, and it is not clear if the fluids contact the whole core. This study investigates how the wettability evolves during again and how the imbibition develops in reservoir carbonate rocks using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging techniques.
The carbonate core samples with typical multiple pore systems were first saturated with crude oil at different irreducible saturation by centrifuge and aged for different durations. Then they were immersed in deuterium oxide (D2O) with two ends open (TEO) at an elevated temperature for spontaneous imbibition. The aging and spontaneous imbibition processes were monitored by a 1D magnetic resonance imager either by a standard probe or a high temperature and high pressure core holder. A set of nuclear magnetic resonance measurements were conducted for any wettability alteration and oil/brine imbibition front propagations.
NMR measurements during oil saturation and aging of three carbonate reservoir core samples indicate that the significant wettability change occurs after the oil flood while further aging continues to alter the wettability on a smaller scale. Low oil saturation has less of an effect on the wettability than high oil saturation. The brine imbibition fronts were found to develop from both ends or one end only, or there could be no apparent fronts. After the fronts propagate across the samples, a significant amount of brine continues to imbibe globally. The high permeability macro pore dominated samples appear to have significantly higher total brine imbibition than the low permeability micro pore dominated samples from current experimental results. Lower initial brine saturation impedes the imbibition with negligible effects on the final amount. Aging does not have appreciable effects on the brine imbibition for the samples studied.
The direct observations of wettability evolution during aging and brine spatial propagation during brine imbibition by NMR under reservoir conditions provide novel information about carbonate wettability, which assists in better wettability characterization and enhanced oil mobilization by wettability alteration.
Flowing Material Balance Analysis and Production Optimization in HPHT Sour Gas Field
Authors: Hidayat Azis , Febrianto Dwi Hudya , Wijayanti Elisa , Nurhajj Diniko , Sujai Ahmad , Nurak Jufenilamora 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
As one of gas field producers located in South Sumatra Indonesia, the S field produced 70 MMSCFD as its peak production. It is a high pressure and high temperature gas impurities of 30% CO2 and 100-ppm H2S. The field has been producing since April 2010, with current recovery more than 50% of initial gas in place. Utilizing initial estimated OGIP (Original Gas In Place), the gas deliverability was predicted to last only until 2022. There are high uncertainties in estimating accurate reserves value due to lack of reservoir data such as reservoir pressure and SCAL (Special Core Analysis). Therefore, additional information such as SBHP (Static Bottom Hole Pressure) survey data and well optimization are essential to be conducted to narrow the uncertainties in reserves estimation and gas deliverability.
Apparently, in 2018 and 2019 during CPP (Central Processing Plant) shut down for preventive maintenance activity, SBHP survey could be performed. Additional pressure data was utilized to update the OGIP analysis by combining several methods such as p/z analysis, flowing material balance, rate transient analysis and history matching of dynamic model analysis. The analysis shows conclusive result that there is significant increase in the OGIP and reserves, estimated 16% of additional gas reserves.
To support enhance gas deliverability, the production network model was then created to evaluate existing production method. This updated system analysis showed significant bottleneck at the existing production system that limiting the production rate from the wells. As part of debottlenecking endeavor, temperature survey on the production system was employed to overcome the limited availability of pressure survey points in the system. Furthermore, the successful debottlenecking activity combined with temperature drop analysis resulted in 20% additional gas deliverability.
This integrated evaluation and optimization also prolong the field lifetime until 2025. This paper describes some of the challenges and lessons learned during the evaluation and optimization in the high pressure and high temperature sour gas field.
Successful Integration of Sampling While Drilling and Geomechanical Analysis in Unconsolidated Reservoirs: A Case Study from Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Ng Alex Kwai , Ong Isaac , Khalid Aizuddin , Samsudin Basir , Kamaruddin Aizat , Hardikar Nikhil , Pragt Jos , Khaksar Abbas 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sampling While Drilling has been successful in recent times covering numerous applications including difficult boreholes, horizontal wells, influencing drill stem test plans, cost savings in marginal fields, high sample volume collection, aid in quantifying non-hydrocarbon content for facilities design and deployment in carbonate under total losses with pressurized mud cap drilling conditions.
This case study discusses one more application, which is in weak unconsolidated sands of a field located in Tatau, Sarawak, Malaysia. The principal objective of the sampling-while-drilling run discussed in this paper was to collect representative water samples from an aquifer, the laboratory analysis of which would yield invaluable information about compatibility for future water injection. The secondary objective was to collect low contamination single-phase oil samples if the well penetrated hydrocarbon reservoir layers at virgin pressure. Determining fluid gradient was an inherent requirement as well.
This paper describes the challenges, best practices and learnings following the deployment of this technology in a deviated infill well in a mature oil field with sanding history and multiple layers of poorly consolidated sandstones with uncertainties on the pore pressure, due to production from the field and adjacent fault blocks that might have a certain level of connectivity.
Upstream Corporate Database Management Collaboration Using GIS
Authors: Wiyadi Raditia Muhammad , Syahnur Yudi , Supriyadi Yuly 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Today's exploration, production and operation in the oil and gas industry dealing with data in various types of format. Integrating these diverse types of data are difficult and some of the data might be scattered in the employee's personal computer. The initial concept of collaboration database management is to create comprehensive upstream database system in an integrated portal to handle upstream data information in a relevance format based on historical and up-to-date representation data in the company. The core of data visualization is mainly supported by map and web services that is connected to multi-database including Professional Petroleum Data Management (PPDM), geospatial, and lynx application. To distribute web and map services, a comprehensive script was created to transfer information within the web portal and optimize its functionality. There are some challenges of building an integrating platform of lynx and geographic information system. From the phase of development, dealing with data duplication, consolidate between data and application, and integrating web and map services are the main challenges of our methodology. To handle these issues, a primary key between technical data and database is defined to correlate a relation between database and application reading and deploying metadata from the source to the web portal. As the result, the collaboration data mangement was successfully developed and deployed into company system. Map, table, and report section are well established and optimized with functions that we built during the development. Both map and upstream data web services were linked to the web portal to open seismic and well section. Users now have a portal to find their data information and visualize it in the same window.