bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombogenicity of the p48 and anti-thrombogenic p48 hydrophilic polymer coating low-profile flow diverters in an in vitro human thrombin generation model
Authors: Bhogal Pervinder , Lenz-Habijan Tim , Bannewitz Catrin , Hannes Ralf , Monstadt Hermann , Brodde Martin , Kehrel Beate , Henkes Hans 
Published: May 2020

Objectives The implantation of flow diverters, or stents in general, necessitates the use of dual anti-platelet treatment with typical regimes including aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor. This carries an inherent risk of haemorrhage. We sought to compare the thrombogenicity of the anti-thrombogenic p48 hydrophilic polymer coating compared to the standard uncoated p48 flow diverter using an in vitro thrombogenicity assay. Methods To evaluate the thrombin generation influenced by the different stent types the stents were placed in wells of a 24-well plate with the addition of plasma from healthy volunteers the thrombin calibrator respectively the PPP-reagent was added. Subsequently, the thrombin substrate was added and the thrombin generation was analysed every 60 s using a thrombinoscope. The assay is calibrated using samples containing a known amount of active thrombin in PPP. Thrombin activity is proportional to the change in fluorescence. Results The p48 hydrophilic polymer coating shows a significantly lower peak thrombin concentration (1.13 ± 0.21 vs. 1.41 ± 0.22) and longer time to peak thrombin concentration (0.96 ± 0.04 vs. 0.74 ± 0.07) compared to the uncoated p48 device ( p < 0.01). The responses of the p48 hydrophilic polymer coating were similar to that of the negative control. Conclusion The hydrophilic polymer coating surface modification significantly reduces the thrombogenicity of the p48 flow diverter. These results corroborate the findings from previous in vitro studies.
Communication challenges between nurses and migrant paediatric patients
Authors: Kaufmann Beatrice , Helfer Tannys , Pedemonte Dana , Simon Marika , Colvin Sarah 
Published: May 2020

Background Many people receiving medical treatment in Switzerland speak none of the country’s four languages or English, which is a major communicative barrier for health staff. Appropriate treatment in hospitals depends on the successful communication between hospital staff and patients. Consequently, migrant patients can be particularly challenging for hospital staff. Aims The aim of this project was to examine the following topics: (a) which communicative challenges hospital nurses are confronted with in the care of migrant paediatric patients and how they cope with them, and (b) what requirements nurses (and other stakeholders) have regarding a digital communication aid to improve the care of migrant paediatric patients in the hospital setting. Methods This study used a qualitative approach. The following steps of data collection were undertaken: (a) two literature searches corresponding to the research questions, (b) a focus group interview with paediatric hospital nurses, (c) observation of communication between paediatric nurses/healthcare professionals and children/parents through shadowing, (d) short interviews with paediatric nurses who were being shadowed, and (e) a focus group interview with experts. Data analysis was based on thematic analysis and was supported by MAXQDA software. Results Evaluation of the data showed there are multiple communicative challenges that emerge in the care of migrant paediatric patients. These challenges influence each other and appear at different moments in the hospital stay. Additionally, the results revealed that digital communication aids must be user friendly and easily accessible. Conclusions This study highlights the areas of hospital care in which a digital communication aid could be feasible. However, many of the described communication challenges stem from issues that cannot be solved solely with a digital communication aid. Instead, strategies to tackle these issues must be embedded in the training of nursing staff, in the hospital management strategy and at the political level.
Advancing nursing participation in user-centred design
Authors: Risling Tracie L , Risling Derek E 
Published: May 2020

Background What is the role of nursing in the digital health transformation of the 21st century? The answer to this critical question may rely on how prepared nursing is to enter into design processes associated with this evolution. Aims The purpose of this paper is to introduce foundational terminology and tools to support increased nursing participation in user-centred design. Situated within a six-step design process, this includes a new analytic framework combining the disciplinary expertise of computer science with the nursing methodology Interpretive Description. Methods The analytic framework and recommended research process were developed over the course of two projects each employing a similar collaborative mixed-methods design. Primary methodological drivers were drawn from the software development life-cycle and Interpretive Description in these digital health intervention studies. Results Using aspects of software development practice, an analytic framework was conceived as part of an interdisciplinary research process allowing nurses to integrate their disciplinary expertise in user-centred digital design. The framework allows nurses to parse collected data into a robust set of functional and non-functional requirements for software developers while still engaging in a fulsome interpretive analysis. Conclusion There is a need for nursing to occupy a more significant role in the advancement of technology innovation in healthcare. However, a lack of familiarity with design-thinking and associated practical experience impedes nursing voices in this area. Tools and processes are introduced to enhance an existing nursing methodology as a means to extend our disciplinary design capacity.
The impact of digital communication on adolescent to adult mental health service transitions
Authors: Martin Rosie , Sturt Jackie , Griffiths Frances 
Published: May 2020

Background Inaccessible services and poor communication are barriers to successful transitions between adolescent and adult mental health services, for which digital communications (DC) offer a possible solution. Aims To investigate the role of DC, including smartphone apps, email and text, given the known barriers and facilitators of mental health service transitions reported in the literature. Methods Use of Neale’s (2016) iterative categorisation technique to undertake a secondary analysis of qualitative data collected for the Long-term conditions Young people Networked Communication (LYNC) study. Results DC were used successfully by young people and staff in ways that ameliorated known barriers to service transitions. They engendered responsibility in young people, promoted service access and contributed to client safety, particularly in times of crisis. DC risks included over-familiarity between young people and staff, and the possibility that messages could go unread. Conclusions DC have the potential to facilitate trust and familiarity during and after transition to adult mental health services. They can strengthen young people’s perceptions of adult services as supportive, empowering and available. DC can be used for frequent ‘check-ins’ and remote digital support for social and personal problems. They provide an additional safety net for at-risk individuals, but require careful boundary setting.
Mortality risk scoring in emergency general surgery: Are we using the best tool?
Authors: Thahir Azeem , Pinto-Lopes Rui , Madenlidou Stavroula , Daby Laura , Halahakoon Chandima 
Published: May 2020

Background It is imperative that an accurate assessment of risk of death is undertaken preoperatively on all patients undergoing an emergency laparotomy. Portsmouth-Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity (P-POSSUM) is one of the most widely used scores. National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA) presents a novel, validated score, but no direct comparison with P-POSSUM exists. We aimed to determine which would be the best predictor of mortality. Methods We analysed all the entries on the online NELA database over a four-and-a-half-year period. The Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of fit test was performed to assess model calibration. For the outcome of death and for each scoring system, a non-parametric receiver operator characteristic analysis was done. The sensitivity, specificity, area under receiver operator characteristic curve and their standard errors were calculated. Results Data pertaining to 650 patients were included. There were 59 deaths, giving an overall observed mortality rate of 9.1%. Predicted mortality rate for the P-POSSUM score and NELA score were 15.2% and 7.8%, respectively. The discriminative power for mortality was highest for the NELA score (C-index = 0.818, CI: 0.769–0.867, p < 0.001), when compared to P-POSSUM (C-index = 0.769, CI: 0.712–0.827, p < 0.001). Conclusions The NELA score showed good discrimination in predicting mortality in the entire cohort. The P-POSSUM over-predicted observed mortality and the NELA score under-predicted observed mortality.
Developing a strategy to improve data sharing in health research: A mixed-methods study to identify barriers and facilitators
Authors: Krahe Michelle A , Wolski Malcolm , Mickan Sharon , Toohey Julie , Scuffham Paul , Reilly Sheena 
Published: May 2020

Background: Data sharing presents new opportunities across the spectrum of research and is vital for science that is open, where data are easily discoverable, accessible, intelligible, reproducible, replicable and verifiable. Despite this, it is yet to become common practice. Global efforts to develop practical guidance for data sharing and open access initiatives are underway, however evidence-based studies to inform the development and implementation of effective strategies are lacking. Objective: This study sought to determine the barriers and facilitators to data sharing among health researchers and to identify the target behaviours for designing a behaviour change intervention strategy. Method: Data were drawn from a cross-sectional survey of data management practices among health researchers from one Australian research institute. Determinants of behaviour were theoretically derived using well-established behavioural models. Results: Data sharing practices have been described for 77 researchers, and 6 barriers and 4 facilitators identified. The primary barriers to data sharing included perceived negative consequences and lack of competency to share data. The primary facilitators to data sharing included trust in others using the data and social influence related to public benefit. Intervention functions likely to be most effective at changing target behaviours were also identified. Conclusion: Results of this study provide a theoretical and evidence-based process to understand the behavioural barriers and facilitators of data sharing among health researchers. Implications: Designing interventions that specifically address target behaviours to promote data sharing are important for open researcher practices.
Activation of PERK-ATF4-CHOP pathway as a novel therapeutic approach for efficient elimination of HTLV-1–infected cells
Authors: Ikebe Emi , Matsuoka Sahoko , Tezuka Kenta , Kuramitsu Madoka , Okuma Kazu , Nakashima Makoto , Kobayashi Seiichiro , Makiyama Junya , Yamagishi Makoto , Oyadomari Seiichi , Uchimaru Kaoru , Hamaguchi Isao 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPatients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) exhibit a poor prognosis and overall survival rate when treated with standard chemotherapy, highlighting the continued requirement for the development of novel safe and effective therapies for human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-related diseases. In this study, we demonstrated that MK-2048, a second-generation HIV-1 integrase (IN) inhibitor, potently and selectively kills HTLV-1–infected cells. Differential transcriptome profiling revealed significantly elevated levels of gene expression of the unfolded protein response (UPR) PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) signaling pathway in ATL cell lines following MK-2048 treatment. We also identified a significant downregulation in glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a master regulator of the UPR in the CD4+CADM1+ HTLV-1–infected cell population of primary HTLV-1 carrier peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (n = 9), suggesting that HTLV-1–infected cells are hypersensitive to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis. MK-2048 efficiently reduced proviral loads in primary HTLV-1 carrier PBMCs (n = 4), but had no effect on the total numbers of these cells, indicating that MK-2048 does not affect the proliferation of HTLV-1–uninfected PBMCs. MK-2048 specifically activated the ER stress–related proapoptotic gene, DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (DDIT3), also known as C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), in HTLV-1–infected but not uninfected cells of HTLV-1–carrier PBMCs. Our findings demonstrated that MK-2048 selectively induces HTLV-1–infected cell apoptosis via the activation of the UPR. This novel regulatory mechanism of the HIV IN inhibitor MK-2048 in HTLV-1–infected cells provides a promising prophylactic and therapeutic target for HTLV-1–related diseases including ATL.
Persistent exercise intolerance after pulmonary endarterectomy for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Ruigrok Dieuwertje , Meijboom Lilian J. , Nossent Esther J. , Boonstra Anco , Braams Natalia J. , van Wezenbeek Jessie , de Man Frances S. , Marcus J. Tim , Vonk Noordegraaf Anton , Symersky Petr , Bogaard Harm-Jan 
Published: May 2020

AimHaemodynamic normalisation is the ultimate goal of pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). However, whether normalisation of haemodynamics translates into normalisation of exercise capacity is unknown. The incidence, determinants and clinical implications of exercise intolerance after PEA are unknown. We performed a prospective analysis to determine the incidence of exercise intolerance after PEA, assess the relationship between exercise capacity and (resting) haemodynamics and search for preoperative predictors of exercise intolerance after PEA.MethodsAccording to clinical protocol all patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), right heart catheterisation and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging before and 6 months after PEA. Exercise intolerance was defined as a peak oxygen consumption (V′O2) <80% predicted. CPET parameters were judged to determine the cause of exercise limitation. Relationships were analysed between exercise intolerance and resting haemodynamics and CMR-derived right ventricular function. Potential preoperative predictors of exercise intolerance were analysed using logistic regression analysis.Results68 patients were included in the final analysis. 45 (66%) patients had exercise intolerance 6 months after PEA; in 20 patients this was primarily caused by a cardiovascular limitation. The incidence of residual pulmonary hypertension was significantly higher in patients with persistent exercise intolerance (p=0.001). However, 27 out of 45 patients with persistent exercise intolerance had no residual pulmonary hypertension. In the multivariate analysis, preoperative transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide (TLCO) was the only predictor of exercise intolerance after PEA.ConclusionsThe majority of CTEPH patients have exercise intolerance after PEA, often despite normalisation of resting haemodynamics. Not all exercise intolerance after PEA is explained by the presence of residual pulmonary hypertension, and lower preoperativeTLCOwas a strong predictor of exercise intolerance 6 months after PEA.
Withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids in COPD: a European Respiratory Society guideline
Authors: Chalmers James D. , Laska Irena F. , Franssen Frits M.E. , Janssens Wim , Pavord Ian , Rigau David , McDonnell Melissa J. , Roche Nicolas , Sin Don D. , Stolz Daiana , Suissa Samy , Wedzicha Jadwiga , Miravitlles Marc 
Published: May 2020

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) combined with bronchodilators can reduce the frequency of exacerbations in some patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is evidence, however, that ICS are frequently used in patients where their benefit has not been established. Therefore, there is a need for a personalised approach to the use of ICS in COPD and to consider withdrawal of ICS in patients without a clear indication. This document reports European Respiratory Society recommendations regarding ICS withdrawal in patients with COPD.Comprehensive evidence synthesis was performed to summarise all available evidence relevant to the question: should ICS be withdrawn in patients with COPD? The evidence was appraised using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach and the results were summarised in evidence profiles. The evidence synthesis was discussed and recommendations formulated by a committee with expertise in COPD and guideline methodology.After considering the balance of desirable and undesirable consequences, quality of evidence, and feasibility and acceptability of interventions, the guideline panel made: 1) conditional recommendation for the withdrawal of ICS in patients with COPD without a history of frequent exacerbations, 2) strong recommendation not to withdraw ICS in patients with blood eosinophil counts ≥300 eosinophils·µL−1and 3) strong recommendation to treat with one or two long-acting bronchodilators if ICS are withdrawn.A conditional recommendation indicates that there was uncertainty about the balance of desirable and undesirable consequences of the intervention, and that well-informed patients may make different choices regarding whether to have or not have the specific intervention.
Effect of flaxseed oil supplementation on the erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition and endocannabinoid system modulation in patients with coronary artery disease: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Saleh-Ghadimi Sevda , Alizadeh Mohammad , Jafari-Vayghan Hamed , Darabi Masoud , Golmohammadi Ali , Kheirouri Sorayya 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) overactivation, associated with increased inflammatory process, may act as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Dietary fat may influence the ECS tone. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of flaxseed oil on the erythrocyte membrane fatty acid profile and ECS activity by the measurement of serum N-arachydonoil ethanolamine (AEA) and cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1), cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2), and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) mRNA expression.

Methods
This clinical trial was performed on 44 patients with CAD. The intervention group received 1.5% fat milk supplemented with flaxseed oil (containing 2.5 g α-linolenic acid or ALA), while the placebo group received 1.5% fat milk for 10 weeks. The fatty acid profile of erythrocyte membrane phospholipids was measured by gas chromatography. The AEA level was determined using an ELISA kit, and real-time PCR was performed to measure CB1, CB2, and FAAH mRNA expression pre- and post-intervention.

Results
Flaxseed oil supplementation resulted in a significant increase in the ALA content and a significant reduction in linoleic acid (LA) content of membrane phospholipids, compared to the placebo group (MD = − 0.35 and 2.89, respectively; P < 0.05). The within group analysis showed that flaxseed oil supplementation caused a significant reduction in both LA and arachidonic acid (MD = − 4.84 and − 4.03, respectively; P < 0.05) and an elevation in the ALA (MD = 0.37, P < 0.001) content of membrane phospholipids compared with the baseline. In the intervention group, a marked reduction was observed in the serum AEA level after 10 weeks of intervention, compared with the placebo group (MD = 0.64, P = 0.016). Changes in CB2 mRNA expression in the flaxseed oil group were significant (fold change = 1.30, P = 0.003), compared with the placebo group.

Conclusion
Flaxseed oil supplementation could attenuate the ECS tone by decreasing the AEA level and increasing CB2 mRNA expression. Therefore, flaxseed oil may be considered a promising agent with cardioprotective properties.
Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal ultrasound-guided prostatic biopsies: a comparison of two regimens
Authors: Faty Mostafa , Saleh Saleh M. , El-Nahas Ahmed R. , Al-Shaiji Tariq F. , Al-Terki Abdullatif 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
There were controversies about the appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis regimen in order to decrease the incidence of post-transrectal ultrasound-guided prostatic biopsies (TRUS-PB) infectious complications. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of two antibiotics prophylaxis regimens for TRUS-PB. In group 1, patients received single IV dose of 1 g amikacin 30 min before the procedure followed by oral ciprofloxacin 500 mg immediately after TRUS-PB. Group 2 patients received the same antibiotics, but ciprofloxacin started 1 day prior to TRUS-PB. Then ciprofloxacin was given twice daily for a total of 5 days in both groups.

Results
The study included 146 patients (54 in group 1 and 92 in group 2). The baseline characters (age, comorbidities, ASA score, PSA, prostate size and presence of urethral catheter) were comparable for both groups. Post-biopsy sepsis was observed in three patients (5.6%) in group 1 and one patient in group 2 (1.1%, P = 0.143). Sepsis was successfully managed in three, while one patient (1.9%) from group 1 required ICU admission for management of septic shock.

Conclusions
The incidence of sepsis after TRUS-PB is low when dual antibiotic prophylaxis (ciprofloxacin and amikacin) was used. Starting ciprofloxacin 1 day before TRUS-PB decreased the incidence of sepsis as well as its severity.
Differential time-course tear film quantitative changes following limbal relaxing incisions
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed Attia Ali , Abdelhalim Ahmed Shawkat 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The study aims at evaluating the time-course changes of pre-corneal tear film after simultaneous phacoemulsification and limbal relaxing incisions (LRIs) performed in 2 groups of patients; group-A had vertical and group-B had horizontal LRIs.

Methods
Fourty-two eyes of 28 patients with co-existing cataract and corneal astigmatism were studied before and after simultaneous cataract surgery and LRIs (at weeks 1, 4 and 12), patients were classified into 2 groups according to the orientation of LRIs; vertical (A) and horizontal (B) groups. Pre-corneal tear film stability was assessed by measuring the tear break-up time (TBUT) and the tear volume was determined using Schirmer’s I test (Basic Schirmer’s test; BST), both preoperatively and postoperatively.

Results
TBUT was significantly reduced in both the study groups (P = 0.001) without significant reduction regarding basic Schirmer’s test values except for the first postoperative week in the horizontal LRI group-B (P = 0.04).

Conclusions
Precorneal tear film stability is altered in the early postoperative period after simultaneous cataract and LRI incisions shown by TBUT measurement values. These changes do not appear to differ significantly depending on the orientation of LRI incisions.