bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control and Elimination of Hepatitis C Virus Among People With HIV in Australia: Extended Follow-up of the CEASE Cohort (2014–2023)
Authors: Martinello Marianne , Carson Joanne M , Post Jeffrey J , Finlayson Robert , Baker David , Read Phillip , Shaw David , Bloch Mark , Doyle Joseph , Hellard Margaret , Filep Ecaterina , Hosseini-Hooshyar Samira , Dore Gregory J , Matthews Gail V 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Approximately 10% of people with HIV in Australia had active hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection prior to availability of government-subsidized direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy in 2016. This analysis evaluated progress toward HCV elimination among people with HIV in Australia between 2014 and 2023.

Methods
The CEASE cohort study enrolled adults with HIV with past or current HCV infection (anti-HCV antibody positive) from 14 primary and tertiary clinics. Biobehavioral, clinical, and virologic data were collected at enrollment (2014–2016), follow-up 1 (2017–2018), and follow-up 2 (2021–2023). HCV treatment uptake, outcome, and HCV RNA prevalence (current infection) were evaluated. Death and HCV reinfection incidence and risk were assessed.

Results
Of 402 participants, 341 (85%) had current HCV infection (RNA positive) at enrollment. Among the sample, 83% were gay and bisexual men, 13% had cirrhosis, and 80% had a history of injecting drug use (42%, past 6 months). DAA treatment was scaled up rapidly, with cumulative treatment uptake increasing from 12% in 2014 to 2015 to 92% in 2022 to 2023. HCV RNA prevalence declined from 85% (95% CI, 81%–88%) at enrollment (2014–2016) to 8% (95% CI, 6%–12%) at follow-up 1 (2017–2018) and 0.5% (95% CI, 0%–3%) at follow-up 2 (2020–2023). Sixteen reinfections occurred (incidence, 1.41 per 100 person-years; 95% CI, .81–2.29) as well as 30 deaths (incidence, 1.64 per 100 person-years; 95% CI, 1.11–2.34). HCV reinfection incidence declined over time while mortality remained stable.

Conclusions
Universal access and rapid DAA uptake were associated with a dramatic reduction in HCV prevalence and reinfection incidence among people with HIV to levels consistent with microelimination.
Registration: NCT02102451 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype Distribution Among US Adults Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia, 2019–2020
Authors: Ramirez Julio A , Hubler Robin A , Ali Mohammad , Gray Sharon L , Carrico Ruth , McNaughton Candace D , Wunderink Richard G , Dela Cruz Charles S , Chilson Erica L , Cané Alejandro D , Isturiz Raul E , Pride Michael W , Jodar Luis , Gessner Bradford D , Grant Lindsay R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Serotype-specific urinary antigen detection (UAD) assay results can be used to estimate the serotype contribution among adults with pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and to guide recommendations regarding higher-valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs).

Methods
Adults aged ≥18 years hospitalized with radiographic evidence of CAP were prospectively enrolled in 4 US cities from November 2019 to December 2020, overlapping the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Data were collected by patient interview and medical chart review. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from standard-of-care respiratory samples and blood; urine collected per-protocol was tested by S pneumoniae BinaxNOW and UAD assays. The proportions of adults with radiologically confirmed CAP (RAD+ CAP) testing positive for S pneumoniae and for serotypes contained in PCV13, PCV15, and PCV20 were calculated.

Results
Among 3098 adults enrolled, 2105 (67.9%) had RAD+ CAP. Of these, 44.3% were ≥65 years of age, and most had a chronic medical condition (46.0%) or were immunocompromised (38.5%). Streptococcus pneumoniae was detected by any method in 214 (10.2%) RAD+ CAP participants, including 63 (3.0%) with serotypes covered by PCV13, 81 (3.9%) by PCV15, and 119 (5.7%) by PCV20. Streptococcus pneumoniae and PCV serotype positivity were higher before the pandemic (November 2019–April 2020) compared to during the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2020–December 2020).

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that despite the COVID-19 pandemic, PCV serotype pneumococcus continued to cause an important proportion of adult CAP in the US. These data are useful for informing PCV recommendations and for establishing an epidemiologic baseline to assess the impact of such recommendations.
Microrna-342 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis through the FOXP1/MYCBP Signaling Axis
Authors: Zhang Yanling , Da Yang Guang , Chen Qian Ya , Zeng Jinlong , Cao Yang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
To investigate the role and mechanism of miR-342 and FOXP1 on hepatocellular carcinoma cells. QRT-PCR was applied to determine the expression of miR-342, FOXP1 and MYCBP in normal hepatocyte cell lines (NHC), hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HEK-293 T) and human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2, MHCC97-L, Huh7 and SMMC7721). After knockdown or over-expression of miR-342 and FOXP1 in HepG2 cells respectively, cell proliferation and cell viability were measured using MTT assay and colony formation assay. Flow cytometry was adopted to test for apoptosis. Dual luciferase gene reporter assays were performed to validate the target relationship between FOXP1and miR-342 or MYCBP. The level of apoptosis-related proteins cleaved-caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by western blot. Compared with NHC, miR-342 expression was decreased and FOXP1 expression was up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. MiR-342 could target and negatively regulate FOXP1. FOXP1 could promote the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, positively regulate the expression of c-Caspase-3, Bax, negatively regulate Bcl-2 and inhibit apoptosis. FOXP1 can also target and positively regulate MYCBP. The expression of MYCBP was up-regulated in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, while overexpression of miR-342 decreased MYCBP expression promoted by overexpression of FOXP1. MiR-342 can inhibit FOXP1/MYCBP signaling axis to regulate the members of Caspase-3 and Bcl-2 family to inhibit the proliferation and promote apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Fluorescent identification of axons, dendrites and soma of neuronal retinal ganglion cells with a genetic marker as a tool for facilitating the study of neurodegeneration
Authors: Sripinun Puttipong , Lu Wennan , Nikonov Sergei , Patel Suhani , Hennessy Sarah , Yao Tianyuan , Cui Qi N. , Bell Brent A. , Mitchell Claire H. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study characterizes a fluorescent Slc17a6‐tdTomato neuronal reporter mouse line with strong labeling of axons throughout the optic nerve, of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) soma in the ganglion cell layer (GCL), and of RGC dendrites in the inner plexiform layer (IPL). The model facilitated assessment of RGC loss in models of degeneration and of RGC detection in mixed neural/glial cultures. The tdTomato signal showed strong overlap with >98% cells immunolabeled with RGC markers RBPMS or BRN3A, consistent with the ubiquitous presence of the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGUT2, SLC17A6) in all RGC subtypes. There was no cross‐labeling of ChAT‐positive displaced amacrine cells in the GCL, although some signal emanated from the outer plexiform layer, consistent with horizontal cells. The fluorescence allowed rapid screening of RGC loss following optic nerve crush and intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. The bright fluorescence also enabled non‐invasive monitoring of extensive neurite networks and neuron/astrocyte interactions in culture. Robust Ca2+ responses to P2X7R agonist BzATP were detected from fluorescent RGCs using Ca2+‐indicator Fura‐2. Fluorescence from axons and soma was detected in vivo with a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO); automatic RGC soma counts enhanced through machine learning approached the numbers found in retinal wholemounts. Controls indicated no impact of Slc17a6‐tdTomato expression on light‐dependent neuronal function as measured with a microelectrode array (MEA), or on retinal structure as measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT). In summary, the bright fluorescence in axons, dendrites and soma of ~all RGCs in the Slc17a6‐tdTomato reporter mouse may facilitate the study of RGCs.
Premedical Course Requirements in U.S. Medical Schools
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed , Boku Yoseph , Korolik Emma , Shultz Blake 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study characterizes required or recommended premedical coursework, coursework fulfillment, and congruence among U.S. medical schools.

Method
This cross-sectional study examined course requirements and recommendations of U.S. allopathic medical schools, using data from the 2023 to 2024 Association of American Medical Colleges Medical School Admission Requirements database. Courses required and recommended, credit hours, medical schools accepting pass/fail credits, advanced placement credits, online courses, and community college credits were evaluated.

Results
Of 157 medical schools, 154 had at least 1 premedical course requirement or recommendation. No schools had the same requirements or recommendations; 113 (72.0%) required or recommended 10 or more courses. The most commonly required courses were biology (107 [68.2%]), physics (106 [67.5%]), organic chemistry (105 [66.9%]), and inorganic chemistry (90 [57.3%]). The most commonly recommended courses were social sciences (96 [61.1%]), genetics (96 [61.1%]), and psychology (86 [54.8%]). Humanities had the highest range of credit hours expected (median, 6; range, 3-24) and cell and molecular biology, computer science, physiology, microbiology, and ethics the smallest (median, 3; range, 3-3). College mathematics had the highest proportion of schools accepting pass/fail (n = 15/26 [57.7%]) and AP (n = 51/65 [78.5%]) credits and biochemistry the lowest (n = 18/54 [33.3%] and n = 57/116 [49.1%], respectively). Statistics had the highest proportion of schools accepting online courses (n = 41/54 [75.9%]) and inorganic chemistry the lowest (n = 60/127 [47.2%]). College English had the highest proportion of schools accepting community college credits (n = 102/109 [93.6%]) and cell and molecular biology the lowest (n = 11/15 [73.3%]).

Conclusions
These results show substantial variability in premedical course requirements or recommendations among U.S. medical schools, which could be challenging for premedical students planning their undergraduate studies. Additional research is needed on the effect of this variability on students interested in attending medical school.
Single-Position Prone Lateral Interbody Fusion is Associated with Improved Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes at One Year compared to Single-Position Lateral Interbody Fusion
Authors: Yung Anthony , Onafowokan Oluwatobi O. , Tretiakov Peter S. , Fisher Max R. , Das Ankita , Cottrill Ethan J. , Prado Isabel P. , Ivasyk Iryna , Blaber Olivia K. , Wu Caroline M. , Williamson Tyler K. , Thomas Zach , Crutcher Clifford L. , Park Paul , Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Abd-El-Barr Muhammad M. , Passias Peter G. 
Published: December 2024

Background.
Recent studies highlight the increasing adoption of single-position prone lateral(SP-PL) and single-position lateral decubitus(SP-LD) in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery(MISS) to reduce operative time, enhance patient safety, and improve surgical accessibility.

Objective.
To assess the differences between SP-PL and SP-LD achievement of optimal postoperative outcomes and post-operative complication rates.

Study Design.
Retrospective review of prospectively collected MIS database

Methods.
Consecutive series of 152 Patients with baseline(BL) and 1-year(1Y) postoperative radiographic/HRQL data were included. Patients placed in the SP-PL or SP-LD were isolated. Optimal Outcome(OO) was defined as patients who experienced no complication requiring reoperation and achieved Substantial Clinical Benefit(SCB) for NRS-leg or NRS-back. Means comparison analysis assessed differences in radiographic and clinical outcomes. ANCOVA and multivariable backward stepwise logistic regression were used to adjust for confounders.

Results.
59 SP-PL and 93 SP-LD patients were included. At baseline, cohorts were comparable in terms of age, gender, BMI, and CCI. Peri-operatively, SP-PL patients had a significantly lower operative time(207.22 vs. 317.5 min;P<0.001), LOS(3.1 vs. 3.6 days;P=0.033), EBL(244.5 vs. 376.3 mL;P=0.023), and demonstrated lower perioperative complication rate(25.4% vs. 41.9%;P=0.038). Multivariable analysis indicated that SP-PL patients had a lower likelihood of cardiac perioperative complications(OR 0.012;CI95%: 0.0-0.6;P=0.026). Immediate postoperatively, SP-PL has a greater degree of segmental lordosis improvement from L1-L2 to L5-S1(all;P<0.05). SP-PL patients have a higher likelihood of achieving SCB NRS-Back at 1Y(OR: 8.0;CI95%: 1.5-42.0;P=0.014) and MCID NRS-leg at 1Y(OR:4.6;CI95%:1.002-21.2;P=0.49). The SP-PL cohort had a significantly greater percentage of OO(96.6% vs. 78.5%;P=0.002) and a higher likelihood of achieving OO in adjusted analysis (OR:10.6;CI95%: 2.1-53.3;P=0.004).

Conclusions.
Patients placed in the SP-PL during minimally invasive spine surgery exhibit a reduced rate of perioperative complications, higher incidence of SCB, and a superior rate of achieving optimal outcome at the one-year follow-up. These findings underscore the SP-PL position as a potentially advantageous approach for minimally invasive lumbar fusion.
Prevalence and Patterns of Antibiotic Administration in Neonates With Critical Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Davis Jessica A. , Seiler Em , Ghassemzadeh Rod , Baust Tracy , Firek Brian , Lorenzi Quigley Lauren , Kreutzer Jacqueline , Ren Dianxu , Morowitz Michael J. , Martin Judith M. 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Although data exists demonstrating widespread antibiotic use across other critically ill neonatal populations, there are limited data regarding the frequency of empiric antibiotic use among neonates with critical congenital heart defects (CCHD). The purpose of this study is to describe prevalence of antibiotic treatment in the first 28 days of life in a cohort of neonates with CCHDs.

Methods:
A secondary analysis of retrospective electronic health record data of neonates admitted to a Pennsylvania pediatric hospital for cardiac surgery (2016-2020). Descriptive statistics were generated to show antibiotic treatment days and indications for use. Pearson Chi-Square and multivariable regression models were used to analyze predictors.

Results:
Seventy-four neonates were included. Fifty neonates (68%) received antibiotics for reasons other than postoperative prophylaxis. Two (3%) had confirmed bacteremia.

Conclusions:
Antibiotic administration was prevalent in this cohort. Future work should elucidate population prevalence of empirical antibiotic use, identify potential consequences, and design interventions to prevent overuse.
Study Protocol Evaluating Breastfeeding for Mother–Infant Dyads Experiencing Infant Ankyloglossia
Authors: Hill Rebecca R. , Carnino Jonathan M. , Levi Jessica R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Tongue-tie is associated with nipple pain and early breastfeeding cessation. To date, research has been limited by small sample sizes and a dearth of evidence on the effects of tongue-tie on infant feeding symptoms and physiologic breastfeeding mechanics.

Objectives
In this article, we describe the protocol for our study exploring infant feeding, negative breastfeeding symptoms, maternal anatomy, and physiologic sucking data between infants with and without tongue-tie.

Methods
A prospective cohort study design is being employed. Over 8 weeks, three visits will be conducted with a sample of mothers and their infants without tongue-tie and a sample of mothers and their infants diagnosed with tongue-tie undergoing treatment via frenotomy. The aims of the study are to compare breastfeeding symptoms, breast anatomy, infant feeding symptoms, feeding efficiency, and nutritive sucking parameters between infants with and without tongue-tie, further comparing these metrics pre- and post-treatment via frenotomy with the non-tongue-tied age-matched counterparts.

Results
This study is currently ongoing.

Discussion
Tongue-tie is an everyday problem; clear guidelines are needed to decide whether to treat it. This novel, innovative, and multidisciplinary research study aims to fill critical gaps in understanding the physiological and functional effects of tongue-tie on breastfeeding, offering evidence to inform better clinical decisions and support effective interventions.
Skin Graftless Dorsal Metacarpal Island VY Advancement Flap vs. Dorsal Rectangular Flap with Skin Grafting in 213 Simple Syndactyly Releases
Authors: Mendenhall Shaun D. , Graham Emily M. , Belardo Zoe E. , Buttrick Eliza , Card Elizabeth B. , Shah Apurva S. , Chang Benjamin 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Simple syndactyly is a common congenital upper extremity difference. Traditional reconstructive approaches utilize skin grafts; however, recent studies suggest skin graftless techniques may improve outcomes. We hypothesized that patients who underwent reconstruction with a skin graftless dorsal metacarpal island VY advancement flap would have fewer postoperative complications compared to those released with a dorsal rectangular flap with skin grafts.

Methods:
Patients 0-17 years of age presenting for primary reconstruction of simple syndactyly were retrospectively analyzed at a large pediatric hospital. Medical records were identified using ICD-9/10 codes, CPT codes, and case logs from six hand surgeons. Outcomes of interest included early postoperative complications (within 30 days) such as infection, hematoma, seroma, wound healing issues, unplanned returns to the operating room, and digit loss. Late complications (greater than 30 days) included web creep and development of pathologic scar formation.

Results:
In total, 213 syndactyly repairs from 153 patients were analyzed (rectangular=94 webspaces, 58 patients; VY=119 webspaces, 95 patients). The rectangular group had significantly more early complications (p=0.04). The rectangular group had significantly higher incidences of web creep and hypertrophic scarring (19.3% vs 1.8%, p<0.001; 19.1% vs 5.9%, p=0.003, respectively). The rectangular flap with skin grafts was the only variable predictive of web creep and hypertrophic scar formation on regression analysis (p<0.001 and p=0.004, respectively). Subgroup analyses of syndromic and nonsyndromic cases and incomplete and complete cases mirrored overall cohort results.

Conclusion:
Simple syndactyly releases with the skin graftless technique produces fewer complications compared to the traditional approach with skin grafts.
Risk prediction of implant loss following implant-based breast reconstruction: a population-based study
Authors: Blok Yara L. , Plat Victor D. , van der Hage Jos A. , Putter Hein , Krekel Nicole M.A. , Mureau Marc A.M. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Implant loss following implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) is a serious complication, resulting in re-operations, patient suffering, and a significant decrease in quality of life. This study aimed to create a validated risk prediction model for implant loss after IBBR using perioperative risk factors.

Methods:
Patients who had undergone either a two-stage or a direct-to-implant postmastectomy IBBR were identified from the Dutch Breast Implant Registry (DBIR). The cohort was divided in a training cohort (80%) and a validation cohort (20%). A multivariate logistic regression model was used to create a risk prediction model for implant loss in the training cohort, which was subsequently internally validated in the validation cohort. Implant loss was defined as explantation or replacement of the implant due to postoperative wound healing-related complications within 6 months after placement.

Results:
A total of 5260 IBBRs were divided into a training cohort and validation cohort. Implant loss occurred after 354 reconstructions (6.7%). The risk prediction model included four significant risk factors: BMI, active smoking status, previous radiotherapy and prepectoral placement. The model was able to predict an increasing probability of implant loss from 4.5% without any risk factors to 38.0% if four risk factors were present. The calibration plot showed good agreement.

Conclusion:
Nationwide population-based data were extracted from the DBIR and used to create a risk assessment model for implant loss after IBBR. The model was accurately internally validated, making it applicable to general practice and a valuable aid in preoperative counseling of women who consider IBBR.
Perceived task complexity in strategic decision situations: the role of cognitive integration and cognitive load
Authors: Mundlos Philip , Wulf Torsten , Mueller Fabian Alexander 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
Strategic decisions in organizations are often characterized by high uncertainty and ambiguity, which increases their perceived complexity. While research has shown that perceived task complexity impacts strategic decisions, its drivers have not received much attention. Based on managerial cognition research, this paper aims to introduce cognitive abilities, especially cognitive integration and cognitive load, as important individual characteristics that impact perceived task complexity through their effects on information acquisition and processing.

Design/methodology/approach
Building on managerial cognition research, the authors argue that strategic decision-makers with high levels of cognitive integration perceive a task as less complex, whereas high levels of cognitive load have the opposite effect. Perceived task complexity, in turn, negatively affects strategic decision outcomes. The authors test the hypotheses based on a field study with 50 graduate-level management students who participated in a computer-based strategic decision simulation.

Findings
Based on OLS regression analyses, the authors find a positive effect of cognitive integration and a negative impact of cognitive load on perceived task complexity, which negatively impacts strategic decision outcomes.

Originality/value
The authors contribute to strategic decision-making research by highlighting the role of cognitive processes and abilities for strategic decision-making processes and outcomes.
Artificial intelligence and ChatGPT are fostering knowledge sharing, ethics, academia and libraries
Authors: Zeb Ali , Rehman Fazal Ur , Bin Othayman Majed , Rabnawaz Muhammad 
Published: December 2024

PurposeGiven the increasing attention on ChatGPT in academia due to its advanced features and capabilities, this study aims to examine the links among Artificial intelligence (AI), knowledge sharing, ethics, academia and libraries in educational institutions. Moreover, this study also aims to provide a literature base while discussing recent trends in AI and ChatGPT technologies, highlighting their specific uses in institutions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper involves a structured interview format where a human interviewer poses questions “Qs” in ChatGPT, related to knowledge sharing, ethics, academia and libraries. Moreover a literature base is also provide to discussed recent trends in AI and ChatGPT technologies, highlighting their specific uses in institutions.FindingsThe study find out that AI and ChatGPT technologies in educational institutions affect knowledge sharing, ethical consideration, academia and libraries. This study also highlights literature directions for the trends and proper use of the AI and ChatGPT among institutions, such as improving student-learning engagement.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the prior literature by offering an in-depth review of current uses and applications of AI and ChatGPT in educational institutions. It not only highlights key trends and innovations but also provides insights and guidelines for future research. This study also provides insights and guidelines for future research. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the potential impact of AI and ChatGPT on the future of education and technology.