bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mobile app to capture EPA assessment data: Utilizing the consolidated framework for implementation research to identify enablers and barriers to engagement
Authors: Young John Q. , Sugarman Rebekah , Schwartz Jessica , McClure Matthew , O’Sullivan Patricia S. 
Published: June 2020

Introduction Mobile apps that utilize the framework of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) to capture and deliver feedback are being implemented. If EPA apps are to be successfully incorporated into programmatic assessment, a better understanding of how they are experienced by the end-users will be necessary. The authors conducted a qualitative study using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to identify enablers and barriers to engagement with an EPA app.
Methods Structured interviews of faculty and residents were conducted with an interview guide based on the CFIR. Transcripts were independently coded by two study authors using directed content analysis. Differences were resolved via consensus. The study team then organized codes into themes relevant to the domains of the CFIR.
Results Eight faculty and 10 residents chose to participate in the study. Both faculty and residents found the app easy to use and effective in facilitating feedback immediately after the observed patient encounter. Faculty appreciated how the EPA app forced brief, distilled feedback. Both faculty and residents expressed positive attitudes and perceived the app as aligned with the department’s philosophy. Barriers to engagement included faculty not understanding the EPA framework and scale, competing clinical demands, residents preferring more detailed feedback and both faculty and residents noting that the app’s feedback should be complemented by a tool that generates more systematic, nuanced, and comprehensive feedback. Residents rarely if ever returned to the feedback after initial receipt.
Discussion This study identified key enablers and barriers to engagement with the EPA app.
Scholar in the SEPR spotlight: Ian Douglas
Authors: Douglas Ian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this reflective essay of intellectual autobiography, I respond to a series of questions the journal editor Wei-Ning Xiang asked about my 55-year journey from applied geography to socio-ecological practice research. These are (1) what and/or who had inspired your career most in geography and socio-ecological practice research? (2) Throughout your 55-year academic journey, did you ever reorient your ambitions in scholarly pursuit, or even reinvent yourself in your academic life? What motivated you in each of these instances? (3) How do you measure success in your work? Among many accomplishments, what are the top three that you are most proud of? (4) From your personal experience, what would be the most important attributes for a well-lived, fully realised, and meaningful life? Do you have any tips for maintaining work-life balance? (5) Do you have any specific advice for younger scholars in geography and socio-ecological practice research? (6) What are the three most interesting images reflecting turning points in your career? I hope that my experiences and insights showcased in this essay are helpful to the younger generations of geographers and socio-ecological practice researchers.
Assessment of the analgesic effectiveness of bilateral rectus sheath block as postoperative analgesia for midline laparotomy: Prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Allene Mengesha Dessie 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBackground:Abdominal operations are very painful procedures which had moderate, severe, or extreme pain. Rectus sheath block has been indicated after midline laparotomy; however, the analgesic effect of landmark technique on postoperative pain was not well investigated.Study objective:The objective of this study was to assess the analgesic effectiveness of bilateral rectus sheath block after midline laparotomy using landmark technique using numeric rating scale.Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted from August 03, 2019 to February 25, 2020. Collected data were entered into Epi Info™ version 7.0 and transported to the SPSS version 22. Homogeneity of categorical variables between the groups was analyzed using Chi Square. The Manny-Whitney test was used to compare median pain score and total analgesia consumption between the rectus sheath block group and control group. P-value less than 0.05 were considered statistical significance with a power of 80%.Result:There was a statistical significant difference between the groups depending on postoperative pain score measured by numeric rating scale in the first 8 h and total analgesia consumption within the 24 hr post-operatively. The 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th postoperative hour numeric rating scale score difference was statistically significant between the two groups. The median 24 hr postoperative tramadol consumption was 175 (165–245) mg and 256(217–411) mg with p-value of 0.002 for the rectus sheath group and control group, respectively.Conclusion and Recommendation:For midline laparotomy, doing bilateral rectus sheath block (BRSB) at the end of the operation with 0.25% bupivacaine is a useful postoperative analgesia. Based on these, we recommend the use of bilateral rectus sheath block for patients that undergo midline abdominal incision.Highlights:
Mothering – a mode of protecting rather than parenting in the aftermath of post separation family violence in Australia
Authors: Francia Leanne , Millear Prudence , Sharman Rachael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe focus of this qualitative study was on separated mother’s (N = 36) lived experiences of mothering in the context of post separation family violence and the Australian family law system. Thematic analysis of interviews was guided by a theoretical framework, this being the Three Planets Model. Analysis of the data resulted in two themes relating to mothering being identified. Firstly, that women demonstrated a mode of protecting rather than parenting indicating that mothering was often undertaken in isolation and fear, within an adversarial family law system, and in the presence of a perpetrator of family violence. The second theme related to the aftermath of separation and the long dark shadow cast by family violence. After having left a controlling and violent relationship, separated mothers reported that there was no opportunity to recover, nor to healthily extricate themselves from family violence, which resulted in cumulative harm not only for their wellbeing but also for their children.
Appropriate and inappropriate vitamin supplementation in children
Authors: Martini Lucia , Pecoraro Luca , Salvottini Chiara , Piacentini Giorgio , Atkinson Richard , Pietrobelli Angelo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe vitamin status of a child depends on many factors and most of the clinical studies do not take into account the different access to adequate nutrition of children coming from different countries and the consequent major differences in micronutrients or vitamin deficits between low-income and high-income countries. Vitamin supplements are included in the general field of dietary supplements. There is a large amount of not always factual material concerning vitamin supplements, and this may sometimes create confusion in clinicians and patients. Inadequate information may lead to the risk of attributing beneficial properties leading to their over-use or misuse in the paediatric field. Vitamin supplementation is indicated in all those conditions in which a vitamin deficiency is found, either because of a reduced intake due to reduced availability of certain foods, restrictive diets or inadequate absorption. The lack of guidelines in these fields may lead paediatricians to an improper use of vitamins, both in terms of excessive use or inadequate use. This is due to the fact that vitamin supplementation is often intended as a therapy of support rather than an essential therapeutic tool able to modify disease prognosis. In fact, various vitamins and their derivatives have therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of many diseases, especially in emerging conditions of paediatric age such as type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. The aim of the present article is to analyse the state of the art and consider new perspectives on the role of vitamin supplements in children.
Nutritional Deprivation Index is negatively associated with socio-economic factors in Paraguayan households
Authors: Bubak Vit , Cellamare Matteo , Sanabria Marta 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to examine the nutritional deprivation of Paraguayan households (measured as households' access to diverse diets) and investigate the association between nutritional deprivation and socio-economic characteristics in a large sample. An extension of Alkire–Foster methodology, a technique widely employed in multidimensional poverty measurement, was used to calculate both the incidence and intensity of nutritional deprivation. The resulting Nutritional Deprivation Index allows us to consider minimum food group requirements that vary by food groups as well as by individual characteristics such as age, sex and activity level. Applying the methodology to a nationally representative sample of households from the 2011–2012 Income and Expenditures Household Survey, the study found that about two in every three Paraguayan households (67 %) were inadequately nourished in at least four (of the total of six) food groups. Although no significant differences were found between rural and urban households, the incidence of multi-dimensionally deprived households generally decreased as income increased. Logistic regression results showed that nutritional deprivation decreased as household income and mother's education increased and increased with household size. Our study concludes that the majority of Paraguayan households is significantly nutritionally deprived across most food groups and suggests that strategies are needed to improve their access to diverse diets, especially among its lower- and middle-income segments.
Effects of slow- v. fast-digested protein supplementation combined with mixed power training on muscle function and functional capacities in older men
Authors: Dulac M. C. , Pion C. H. , Lemieux F. C. , Pinheiro Carvalho L. , El Hajj Boutros G. , Bélanger M. , Gaudreau P. , Chevalier S. , Morais J. A. , Noirez P. , Gouspillou G. , Aubertin-Leheudre M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAgeing leads to a progressive loss of muscle function (MF) and quality (MQ: muscle strength (MS)/lean muscle mass (LM)). Power training and protein (PROT) supplementation have been proposed as efficient interventions to improve MF and MQ. Discrepancies between results appear to be mainly related to the type and/or dose of proteins used. The present study aimed at determining whether or not mixed power training (MPT) combined with fast-digested PROT (F-PROT) leads to greater improvements in MF and MQ in elderly men than MPT combined with slow-digested PROT (S-PROT) or MPT alone. Sixty elderly men (age 69 (sd 7) years; BMI 18–30 kg/m2) were randomised into three groups: (1) placebo + MPT (PLA; n 19); (2) F-PROT + MPT (n 21) and (3) S-PROT + MPT (n 20) completed the intervention. LM, handgrip and knee extensor MS and MQ, functional capacity, serum metabolic markers, skeletal muscle characteristics, dietary intake and total energy expenditure were measured. The interventions consisted in 12 weeks of MPT (3 times/week; 1 h/session) combined with a supplement (30 g:10 g per meal) of F-PROT (whey) or S-PROT (casein) or a placebo. No difference was observed among groups for age, BMI, number of steps and dietary intake pre- and post-intervention. All groups improved significantly their LM, lower limb MS/MQ, functional capacity, muscle characteristics and serum parameters following the MPT. Importantly, no difference between groups was observed following the MPT. Altogether, adding 30 g PROT/d to MPT, regardless of the type, does not provide additional benefits to MPT alone in older men ingesting an adequate (i.e. above RDA) amount of protein per d.
Prediction of skull base osteomyelitis in necrotising otitis externa with diffusion-weighted imaging
Authors: Abdel Razek A A K , Mahmoud W 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo predict skull base osteomyelitis in patients with necrotising otitis externa using diffusion-weighted imaging.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of 25 necrotising otitis externa patients with skull base osteomyelitis (n = 10) or without skull base involvement (n = 14) who underwent a single-shot diffusion-weighted imaging of the skull base.ResultsThe respective mean apparent diffusion coefficient values of the skull base, as determined by two reviewers, were 0.851 ± 0.15 and 0.841 ± 0.14 ×10-3mm2/s for the skull base osteomyelitis patients, and 1.065 ± 0.19 and 1.045 ± 0.20 ×10-3mm2/s for the necrotising otitis externa patients without skull base involvement. The difference in apparent diffusion coefficients between the groups was significant, for both reviewers (p = 0.008 and 0.012). The optimal threshold apparent diffusion coefficient for predicting skull base osteomyelitis in necrotising otitis externa patients was 0.945 ×10-3mm2/s and 0.915 ×10-3mm2/s, with an area under the curve of 0.825 and 0.800, accuracy of 87.5 and 83.3 per cent, sensitivity of 85.7 and 90.0 per cent, and specificity of 90.0 and 78.6 per cent, for each reviewer respectively.ConclusionApparent diffusion coefficient is a non-invasive imaging parameter useful for predicting skull base osteomyelitis in necrotising otitis externa patients.
An intervention to increase conversational turns between parents and young children
Authors: LEECH Kathryn A. , ROWE Meredith L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBehavioral and neural evidence indicates that young children who engage in more conversations with their parents have better later language skills such as vocabulary and academic language abilities. Previous studies find that the extent to which parents engage in conversational turn-taking with children varies considerably. How, then, can we promote extended conversations between parents and their children? Instead of asking parents to engage in longer turn-taking episodes, we provided parents with information on conversational content that we hypothesized would lead to increased episodes of longer, more sustained conversational turn-taking. Specifically, we found that boosting the frequency of parent-child talk about abstract, non-present concepts – decontextualized language – led to an increase in dyadic conversational turn-taking during home mealtimes several weeks later.
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccine Development and Production: An Ethical Way Forward
Authors: ISERSON KENNETH V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe world awaits a SARS-CoV-2 virus (i.e., COVID-19 disease) vaccine to keep the populace healthy, fully reopen their economies, and return their social and healthcare systems to “normal.” Vaccine safety and efficacy requires meticulous testing and oversight; this paper describes how despite grandiose public statements, the current vaccine development, testing, and production methods may prove to be ethically dubious, medically dangerous, and socially volatile. The basic moral concern is the potential danger to the health of human test subjects and, eventually, many vaccine recipients. This is further complicated by economic and political pressures to reduce government oversight on rushed vaccine testing and production, nationalistic distribution goals, and failure to plan for the widespread immunization needed to produce global herd immunity. As this paper asserts, the public must be better informed to assess promises about the novel vaccines being produced and to tolerate delays and uncertainty.
Electrically focus-tuneable ultrathin lens for high-resolution square subpixels
Authors: Park Sehong , Lee Gilho , Park Byeongho , Seo Youngho , bin Park Chae , Chun Young Tea , Joo Chulmin , Rho Junsuk , Kim Jong Min , Hone James , Jun Seong Chan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOwing to the tremendous demands for high-resolution pixel-scale thin lenses in displays, we developed a graphene-based ultrathin square subpixel lens (USSL) capable of electrically tuneable focusing (ETF) with a performance competitive with that of a typical mechanical refractive lens. The fringe field due to a voltage bias in the graphene proves that our ETF-USSL can focus light onto a single point regardless of the wavelength of the visible light—by controlling the carriers at the Dirac point using radially patterned graphene layers, the focal length of the planar structure can be adjusted without changing the curvature or position of the lens. A high focusing efficiency of over 60% at a visible wavelength of 405 nm was achieved with a lens thickness of <13 nm, and a change of 19.42% in the focal length with a 9% increase in transmission was exhibited under a driving voltage. This design is first presented as an ETF-USSL that can be controlled in pixel units of flat panel displays for visible light. It can be easily applied as an add-on to high resolution, slim displays and provides a new direction for the application of multifunctional autostereoscopic displays.
Charge transport in semiconductors assembled from nanocrystal quantum dots
Authors: Yazdani Nuri , Andermatt Samuel , Yarema Maksym , Farto Vasco , Bani-Hashemian Mohammad Hossein , Volk Sebastian , Lin Weyde M. M. , Yarema Olesya , Luisier Mathieu , Wood Vanessa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe potential of semiconductors assembled from nanocrystals has been demonstrated for a broad array of electronic and optoelectronic devices, including transistors, light emitting diodes, solar cells, photodetectors, thermoelectrics, and phase change memory cells. Despite the commercial success of nanocrystal quantum dots as optical absorbers and emitters, applications involving charge transport through nanocrystal semiconductors have eluded exploitation due to the inability to predictively control their electronic properties. Here, we perform large-scale, ab initio simulations to understand carrier transport, generation, and trapping in strongly confined nanocrystal quantum dot-based semiconductors from first principles. We use these findings to build a predictive model for charge transport in these materials, which we validate experimentally. Our insights provide a path for systematic engineering of these semiconductors, which in fact offer previously unexplored opportunities for tunability not achievable in other semiconductor systems.
Optimized active layer morphology toward efficient and polymer batch insensitive organic solar cells
Authors: Weng Kangkang , Ye Linglong , Zhu Lei , Xu Jinqiu , Zhou Jiajia , Feng Xiang , Lu Guanghao , Tan Songting , Liu Feng , Sun Yanming 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMorphology control in laboratory and industry setting remains as a major challenge for organic solar cells (OSCs) due to the difference in film-drying kinetics between spin coating and the printing process. A two-step sequential deposition method is developed to control the active layer morphology. A conjugated polymer that self-assembles into a well-defined fibril structure is used as the first layer, and then a non-fullerene acceptor is introduced into the fibril mesh as the second layer to form an optimal morphology. A benefit of the combined fibril network morphology and non-fullerene acceptor properties was that a high efficiency of 16.5% (certified as 16.1%) was achieved. The preformed fibril network layer and the sequentially deposited non-fullerene acceptor form a robust morphology that is insensitive to the polymer batches, solving a notorious issue in OSCs. Such progress demonstrates that the utilization of polymer fibril networks in a sequential deposition process is a promising approach towards the fabrication of high-efficiency OSCs.
Metabolic characteristics of CD8+ T cell subsets in young and aged individuals are not predictive of functionality
Authors: Quinn Kylie M. , Hussain Tabinda , Kraus Felix , Formosa Luke E. , Lam Wai K. , Dagley Michael J. , Saunders Eleanor C. , Assmus Lisa M. , Wynne-Jones Erica , Loh Liyen , van de Sandt Carolien E. , Cooper Lucy , Good-Jacobson Kim L. , Kedzierska Katherine , Mackay Laura K. , McConville Malcolm J. , Ramm Georg , Ryan Michael T. , La Gruta Nicole L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVirtual memory T (TVM) cells are antigen-naïve CD8+ T cells that exist in a semi-differentiated state and exhibit marked proliferative dysfunction in advanced age. High spare respiratory capacity (SRC) has been proposed as a defining metabolic characteristic of antigen-experienced memory T (TMEM) cells, facilitating rapid functionality and survival. Given the semi-differentiated state of TVM cells and their altered functionality with age, here we investigate TVM cell metabolism and its association with longevity and functionality. Elevated SRC is a feature of TVM, but not TMEM, cells and it increases with age in both subsets. The elevated SRC observed in aged mouse TVM cells and human CD8+ T cells from older individuals is associated with a heightened sensitivity to IL-15. We conclude that elevated SRC is a feature of TVM, but not TMEM, cells, is driven by physiological levels of IL-15, and is not indicative of enhanced functionality in CD8+ T cells.
Activation of GCN2/ATF4 signals in amygdalar PKC-δ neurons promotes WAT browning under leucine deprivation
Authors: Yuan Feixiang , Jiang Haizhou , Yin Hanrui , Jiang Xiaoxue , Jiao Fuxin , Chen Shanghai , Ying Hao , Chen Yan , Zhai Qiwei , Guo Feifan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) has got much attention for its potential beneficial effects on metabolic disorders, however, the nutritional factors and neuronal signals involved remain largely unknown. We sought to investigate whether WAT browning is stimulated by leucine deprivation, and whether the amino acid sensor, general control non-derepressible 2 (GCN2), in amygdalar protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ) neurons contributes to this regulation. Our results show that leucine deficiency can induce WAT browning, which is unlikely to be caused by food intake, but is largely blocked by PKC-δ neuronal inhibition and amygdalar GCN2 deletion. Furthermore, GCN2 knockdown in amygdalar PKC-δ neurons blocks WAT browning, which is reversed by over-expression of amino acid responsive gene activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and is mediated by the activities of amygdalar PKC-δ neurons and the sympathetic nervous system. Our data demonstrate that GCN2/ATF4 can regulate WAT browning in amygdalar PKC-δ neurons under leucine deprivation.
Ubiquitin transfer by a RING E3 ligase occurs from a closed E2~ubiquitin conformation
Authors: Branigan Emma , Carlos Penedo J. , Hay Ronald T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBased on extensive structural analysis it was proposed that RING E3 ligases prime the E2~ubiquitin conjugate (E2~Ub) for catalysis by locking it into a closed conformation, where ubiquitin is folded back onto the E2 exposing the restrained thioester bond to attack by substrate nucleophile. However the proposal that the RING dependent closed conformation of E2~Ub represents the active form that mediates ubiquitin transfer has yet to be experimentally tested. To test this hypothesis we use single molecule Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET) to measure the conformation of a FRET labelled E2~Ub conjugate, which distinguishes between closed and alternative conformations. We describe a real-time FRET assay with a thioester linked E2~Ub conjugate to monitor single ubiquitination events and demonstrate that ubiquitin is transferred to substrate from the closed conformation. These findings are likely to be relevant to all RING E3 catalysed reactions ligating ubiquitin and other ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls) to substrates.