bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CURRENT ISSUES IN SUCCESSION LAW
Authors: Bray Judith 
Published: August 2020

As the editors observe at the start of this book, the law on succession is a “neglected field”in England whilst Continental and comparative lawyers have rediscovered it to be of immense practical importance which deserves greater academic attention. The rules of succession are of great significance to all; as pointed out by Penelope Reed in Chapter Seven there is no shortage of probate disputes that end up in the Chancery Division as a result of “… an ageing population, the increase in the incidence of dementia and the rise of house prices making estates worth fighting over…” Since death is inevitable and everyone will die either testate, having made a valid will or intestate, without a valid will the law of succession affects us all. In order to address this gap in the law a conference took place in July 2015 at All Souls College Oxford attended by Chancery Judges, a member of the Court of Appeal as well as a number of leading academics and practitioners. This book comprises eleven of the conference papers. The result is an excellent book both as a reference work for students and practitioners and also of interest to the wider public who may be drawn in by the subject matter and possibly the picture on the loose leaf cover showing David Wilkie’s well-known painting Reading of the Will. In many ways the most engaging feature of this collection is the breadth of subjects covered. They range from the more traditional succession issues such as the reform of the rules of intestacy in Chapter One and Mutual Wills in Chapter Five to the more challenging issues of Testamentary dispositions in favour of informal carers in Chapter Eight and Proprietary Estoppel in Chapter Four. Much credit should be given to the conference organisers and book editors for ensuring that the conference and later the book had sufficient breadth and did not dwell overly on the minutiae of the rules of drawing up a valid will although that said Chapter Four shows how this in itself embraces many wider legal issues.
“Escaping the Sunken Place: indefinite detention, asylum seekers, and resistance in Yarl’s Wood IRC”
Authors: SEYMOUR-BUTLER AIDAN 
Published: August 2020

The Law Society has recently raised concerns about the UK’s migration system, stating that ‘failures in UK immigration and asylum undermine the rule of law’. Nowhere are those problems more apparent than in the UK’s handling of migrants and asylum seekers in detention centres. A particular recurring issue that speaks to the Law Society’s concern is the absence of a defined time limit for immigration detention. The possibility of indefinite detention has been a source of tension both within British politics, and within UK immigration detention centres. An example of this can be understood with reference to the Yarl’s Wood Immigration Removal Centre (IRC) in Bedfordshire, known for its controversial and rebellious past. In 2015 Nick Hardwick, a former chief prisoner inspector, labelled the Centre a place of ‘national concern’, after examining the mistreatment of vulnerable detainees. Yarl’s Wood’s problematic history, seems to have continued into the present, following a detainee led hunger strike that resulted in ‘renewed concerns’ over health care in detention centres. In addition to protesting the standard of medical treatment received by detainees, the strikers’ underlying focus was on indefinite detention. The Home Office’s response to these strikes was unsympathetic, it sent a letter to detainees suggesting that their continued participation in the strike may in fact result in their removal being accelerated. Although, the hunger strike ended in March 2018 the Home Office’s response to the strike raised some interesting legal and philosophical questions about human rights and resistance in detention centres. In order to grapple with some of these issues, this paper has been separated into two parts. The first part will attempt to contextualise the existing immigration regime and explore how legal disputes might fit within the broader scheme of opposing indefinite detention. It will also briefly examine the legal challenges that may arise from the use of threats of accelerated deportations.
Forecasting 2016 US Presidential Elections Using Factor Analysis and Regression Model
Authors: Sinha Pankaj 
Published: August 2020

The paper categorizes factors responsible for forecasting the outcome of U.S. presidential election 2016 using factor analysis, which groups the various economic and non-economic parameters based on the correlation among them. The major economic factor significant in 2016 US presidential election is the growth of the economy, and the ‘anti-incumbency factor that signifies how long the incumbent party has been controlling the White House is found to be an important non-economic factor likely to play a dominant role in the election. The dependent variables considered are the vote shares of the nominees of the incumbent and the non-incumbent majority party candidates. The forecast is calculated by running a regression of the significant factors, obtained through factor analysis technique, on the incumbent party vote share as well as on the non-incumbent party vote share. The proposed models forecast the vote share of Democrat candidate Mrs. Hillary Clinton to be 45.59% with a standard error of ±2.32% and that of Republican candidate Mr. Donald Trump to be 39.51% with a standard error of ±3.87%. Hence, the models built in the paper signal a comfortable margin of victory for the Presidential nominee of the incumbent party, Hillary Clinton.The study re-establishes the notion that the non-economic factors have a greater influence on the outcomes of election as compared to the economic factors, as some of the important economic factors such as inflation and unemployment rate failed to establish their significance.
Market Efficiency and Fundamental Valuation. Evidence from the German Stock Exchange
Authors: Artikis Panagiotis 
Published: August 2020

The present paper tests whether the intrinsic value of firm, estimated with the residual income model (RIM), and the resulting value-to-price (V/P) ratio can explain the cross section of stocks returns. The study enhances the literature in the area of asset pricing by the introduction of a new intrinsic value risk factor in such a manner as to obtain a monotonic relation between risk and expected returns. Furthermore, we incorporate in the RIM, for the first time, a time series model that does not rely on analysts’ forecasts for the estimation of the key parameters of the model. A unique dataset from Germany is utilized, from 31/12/1989 to 30/6/2016, contributing by this way to the necessary accumulation of non-US research. The results show the existence for longer time periods of a V/P ratio effect that is persistent and cannot be explained by either the systematic risk, the size or the BE/ME ratio of the sample firms. The results of the regressions models indicated that the intrinsic value risk factor is positively related to stock returns and that it increases the explanatory power of the asset pricing models whenever it is explicitly included in them.
FOREGONE INTEREST AND CONTRACT MISPRICING IN PREDICTIVE MARKETS
Authors: De los Reyes Charles , Raifman Lawrence J. 
Published: August 2020

Over the past 20 years, predictive markets have risen from relative obscurity to prominence. Relevant across several fields of study, these markets have utilized collective wisdom in order to better ascertain outcomes of future events. This paper look at the mechanics of trading and finds enduring pricing anomalies based on errant behavior on behalf of both buyers and sellers. Specifically, trading behavior seems to ignore the time value of money associated with buying and selling contracts even when the interest foregone is non-trivial. As such, the possibility for arbitrage presents itself in some of these cases. Finally, we examine the associated consequences of this behavior in regards to the mechanics of these markets and possible strengthening reforms in hopes of developing deeper, more robust predictions markets.The authors would like to thank Andrew de los Reyes and David Gordon for their help with research. In addition, we would like to thank Professor Michael Abramowicz for helpful comments.
THE INNOVATION ENGINE AT RITE-SOLUTIONS: LESSONS FROM THE CEO
Authors: Lavoie Jim 
Published: August 2020

I spent over 30 years in a highly structured, hierarchical organization where good ideas could only flow top-down and where the firm’s intellectual capital was more defined by the level of organizational “box” that a person occupied than by the actual insight that person possessed. In January 2000, as a “second career”, I set out to build a company that would be liberated from such restrictions of thought and, instead, would capitalize on the intellectual bandwidth of the entire organization to “Innovate Every Day”. Such a company would be based upon two of my most fundamental beliefs: “No one is as smart as everyone”, that is to say that good ideas are not bounded by organizational structure, but can come from anyone, in any place, at any time; and second, that the Hierarchical Pyramid as an organizational business structure is an enigma in the 21st century knowledge economy. An enigma more suited to controlling information flow than fostering innovation.My challenge in building such a company was two-fold: to develop a mechanism that could “operationalize” innovation by tapping the collective genius in my organization in a non-intimidating, fun way to generate these good ideas continuously; and, second, to institute a new organizational model with enough control to operate as a responsible, profitable business, but with sufficient flexibility to leverage and disseminate brilliant, innovative ideas across the organization – that’s all!!
“THE EMERGENCE OF PREDICTION MARKETS WITHIN BUSINESS FIRMS: A SKEPTICAL PERSPECTIVE FROM AN INTRIGUED ACADEMIC.”
Authors: Rhode Paul W 
Published: August 2020

Learning about the recent emergence of prediction markets within business firms has been fascinating and a bit confusing. As an economist who works on historical political stock markets, I believe this intriguing endeavor will be a road worth traveling but one littered with potholes and rocks at unexpected places. Perhaps my sense that employing prediction markets within firms will be a jarring experience comes from the impression formed by my first exposure to the idea: where higher-ups at Microsoft created a small-stakes market for the programming team designing internal-company software about whether their project manager’s deadline would be met. I could readily see why the higher-ups wanted this insider information, but creating such a market seemed entirely at odds with employing hierarchal authority (bosses) or scheduling plans (artificial deadlines) in the first place. Perhaps this sense that prediction markets and business firms do not naturally coexist comes from my professional training.
Pari-mutuel Information Aggregation Mechanisms
Authors: McKenzie Jordi , Bullen Jared 
Published: August 2020

A number of experimental studies have found that pari-mutuel markets possess the ability to aggregate information privately held by individuals and therefore act as prediction markets. However, all previous studies have assumed that information is privately and independently distributed. In real world environments the distribution of information is unlikely to take this form. This paper investigates, experimentally, an information structure in which there is both private and public information. It is found that this structure induces a ‘public knowledge bias’ which limits the market’s ability to aggregate information to the extent that the public information reduces the market’s predictive performance.The authors wish to thank Murali Agastya, Andrew Coleman, Pablo Guillen, Stefan Palan, Charles Plott, Kunal Sengupta, and Robert Slonim for useful comments and technical assistance. We are also extremely grateful to Katarina Kálovcová and Andreas Ortmann for supplying their Ztree program for use in developing our own.
BUSINESS CYCLE AND OPTIMAL TIMING FOR INVESTMENT
Authors: Cheng Joseph , Lippitt Jeffery 
Published: August 2020

The objective of this paper is to determine which point of the business cycle offers investors the best reward to risk ratio in the stock market. Expected reward is defined as expected return in excess of the risk free rate, whereas risk is defined as the standard deviation of return. Thus, the expected reward to risk ratio is measured by expected return in excess of risk free rate relative to the standard deviation of return. Expected return in excess of the risk free rate and standard deviation of return are generated on a continuum of time periods and the GDP growth rate. The point where the expected reward to risk ratio peaks, would signify the best time for investment. Being able to identify this point could help investors in deciding the best time to invest as well as help firms in choosing a favorable time for raising equity capital. While most people think that the best time to invest is near the bottom, it is not clear whether the best time for investing is before, at, or after the economic trough. The interesting finding in our model is that the best time is after the point of the economic trough.
THE IMPLICATIONS OF A REVERSE FAVOURITE-LONGSHOT BIAS IN A PREDICTION MARKET
Authors: Borghesi Richard 
Published: August 2020

We examine 330,857 trades of prediction market contracts, the values of which are based on against-the-spread outcomes of NFL games, and find the presence of a significant reverse favourite-longshot bias. Surprisingly, the timing of this bias is identical to that observed in traditional casino-style NFL betting markets. That is, late-season away favourites so profoundly underperform expectations that the set of all favourites underperforms on average. Prior research shows that in prediction markets having asset prices ranging from $0 to $100, win rates are below (above) expectations when prices are low (high). However, we show that observed win rates for contracts on late-season away favourites are below expectations across all prices. The presence of a strong RFL bias in a prediction market provides evidence against the theories that this bias is caused by line shading or due to the effects of unpredicted weather variables on team performance.
CAN PREDICTION MARKETS MITIGATE PRICE BIASES?
Authors: Borghesi Richard 
Published: August 2020

This study examines the pre-game and within-game price movements of contracts listed on Tradesports to determine whether relevant information is quickly and accurately embedded into asset prices. Each contract represents a totals (over/under) bet on an NFL game. In traditional casino-style totals betting markets, it has been demonstrated that the effects of adverse weather conditions are not fully incorporated into totals bet prices. If prediction markets are more efficient that are traditional NFL betting markets, then this price bias should be mitigated. We find that while price biases disappear quickly after kickoff, prior to this point they remain largely intact suggesting that casino-style markets and prediction markets may have similar informational limitations.
INFORMATION AND PREDICTABILITY: BOOKMAKERS, PREDICTION MARKETS AND TIPSTERS AS FORECASTERS
Authors: Reade James 
Published: August 2020

The more information is available, and the more predictable are events, the better forecasts ought to be. In this paper forecasts by bookmakers, prediction markets and tipsters are evaluated for a range of events with varying degrees of predictability and information availability. All three types of forecast represent different structures of information processing and as such would be expected to perform differently. By and large, events that are more predictable, and for which more information is available, do tend to be forecast better.
Exploiting Week 2 Bias in the NFL Betting Markets
Authors: Davis Justin , Fodor Andy , McElfresh Luke , Krieger Kevin 
Published: August 2020

Past research has provided evidence of hindsight bias in the NFL wagering market. Too much emphasis is placed on a team’s performance in the previous season when placing bets on NFL games during the first week (Week 1) of the season. Building on this contribution, our study extends the examination of hindsight bias in NFL gaming markets by focusing on how bettors consider the information provided by Week 1 performance when betting in Week 2. Our findings suggest multiple market inefficiencies in the NFL gambling market in Week 2, providing the opportunity for profitable betting strategies.
Informed Traders and Balanced Books
Authors: Borghesi Richard 
Published: August 2020

We explore sports gambler and bookmaker behavior by examining the pregame price movements of sports contracts listed on the Tradesports betting exchange. The vast majority of prior gambling studies that examine the price efficiency of bookmaker-style betting markets and the associated informational processing ability of bettors rely on the balanced book assumption. But, on Tradesports, bet prices are directly observable and therefore we are not required to assume that the point spreads set by bookmakers are a reliable proxy for the market’s dollar-weighted vote on contest outcome. We find that pregame NBA and NFL contract price movements are reliable predictors of future contract values. The magnitude of these movements is sufficient to remove the possibility of profit-taking by tipoff/kickoff. Results are consistent with the notion that in bookmaker-style NBA betting markets there exist informed traders and that lines are set at levels that balance wagers on either side of the bet. However, NFL bookmakers may allow (or perhaps encourage) imbalanced wagering in order to exploit relatively unskilled NFL bettors.
SOCIAL MOBILITY
Authors: Lenon Barnaby 
Published: August 2020

The article places the issue of Social Mobility at the heart of the debate about education. The suggestion is made that most people want is a decent income and good health and that people do not necessarily aspire to be better than their parents.

There is the declaration that half the population will always have below-average academic ability and school exam results. In order to overcome the divisions in society revealed by recent political events, all need to feel valued. The argument is advanced that there is need to get back to a more balanced appreciation of those who perform essential jobs, albeit jobs of the hand or heart rather than academic intellect. There is a need, so Lenon suggests, to stop talking about social mobility as simply a way of ‘rescuing’ people from working-class backgrounds and place more emphasis on valuing the full range of worthwhile occupations. Arguments about social mobility are too often based on exam results or incomes, not the value to society of different occupations.

It is argued that there is a distortion in the way that social mobility is presented and that by many measures social mobility in the UK is better than most commentators have suggested. The upward mobility of women and almost all ethnic groups since 1970 has been remarkable. Improving education is not enough rather education helps individuals become socially mobile but does not overall create more mobility. The latter is dependent upon a creation of more middle-class jobs.

The issues around social mobility are presented as being less about education and as being more related to the expansion of the economy. Increasing infrastructure projects and financial incentives to spread growth outside the south-east of England, allied to a massive expansion of high-quality technical and vocational training for the 50% who do not go to university should be seen as the drivers of social mobility.
DOES ABSENCE MAKE THE HEART GROW FONDER? – STUDENTS PERSPECTIVES OF CURRICULUM, ABSENTEEISM AND THEIR PURSUIT OF THE GOOD LIFE
Authors: Edwards Simon , Parmar Evie 
Published: August 2020

In 2015, major revisions were made to the breadth and content of the English national curriculum to ensure the country’s economic success in an emerging technological marketplace. Increasingly punitive sanctions were introduced to safeguard student attendance and subsequent attainment. Yet student GCSE attainment has remained static since that time and attendance has decreased. The article considers these coinciding trends by presenting a study that explored 40 secondary-school students’ perspectives of their low attendance. Findings evidence their motivation to learn but also their growing disillusionment with curriculum content that is not easily accessible or seen to support a good life, which in turn has impacted their motivation to attend school. Conclusions call for collaborations to be developed between school leaders and students to help make explicit the pathways to a good life that the curriculum claims to support. Collaborations that may also address student absenteeism.
Mobiliser les méthodes mixtes pour mieux comprendre les parcours de vie des femmes sans enfant
Authors: Turcotte Emmanuelle 
Published: August 2020

L’absence d’enfant dans la vie des femmes résulte de l’interaction de multiples facteurs sur les plans familial, scolaire, conjugal et professionnel, entre autres. Cette étude démontre l’apport des méthodes mixtes pour explorer la multidimensionnalité des parcours de vie des femmes sans enfant. Elle mobilise l’analyse séquentielle de données d’enquête (sequence analysis) ainsi que l’analyse qualitative thématique d’entretiens semi-directifs auprès de non-mères québécoises nées entre 1947 et 1956. Cette stratégie méthodologique débouche sur une typologie compréhensive de quatre parcours de vie différents présentant chacun une imbrication particulière des trajectoires scolaire, conjugale et professionnelle.
The First and Second Zagreb Index of Complement Graph and Its Applications of Molecular Graph
Authors: Alsharafi Mohammed S. , Shubatah Mahioub M. , Alameri Abdu Q. 
Published: August 2020

In this paper, some basic mathematical operation for the second Zagreb indices of graph containing the join and strong product of graph operation, and the rst and second Zagreb indices of complement graph operations such as cartesian product G1 G2, composition G1 G2, disjunction G1 _ G2, symmetric dierence G1 G2, join G1 + G2, tensor product G1 G2, and strong product G1 G2 will be explained. The results are applied to molecular graph of nanotorus and titania nanotubes.