bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uji sitotoksik metformin hidroklorida terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D
Authors: Rangkuti Irma Yanti , Hasibuan Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun , Widyawati Tri , Ichwan M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstrak. Latar Belakang. Kanker payudara merupakan penyakit berlebihnya pertumbuhan atau tidak terkendalinya perkembangan sel kanker payudara. Kanker merupakan suatu penyakit yang disebabkan kelainan genetik berupa mutasi DNA yang menyebakan hilangnya kontrol pertumbuhan. Gangguan genetik ini menyebabkan terganggunya siklus sel dan apoptosis. Metformin merupakan suatu antihiperglikemik yang digunakan pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penurunan risiko kanker terjadi pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 yang menggunakan metformin. Uji sitotoksik untuk agen anti kanker merupakan uji skrining awal untuk menilai potensi efek anti kanker. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek sitotoksik metformin hidroklorida terhadap pertumbuhan sel kanker payudara T47D. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental uji invitro terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D yang dipaparkan metformin HCl konsentrasi 5000; 2500; 1250; 312.5 dan 156,25 μM selama 24 jam. Sebagai pembanding digunakan paclitaxel konsentrasi 1000; 500; 250; 31,25 dan 15,625 nM. Uji sitotoksik menggunakan metode MTT untuk menentukan IC50.Data dianalaisis menggunakan analisa probit. Hasil : IC50 metformin HCl adalah 13457.3 ± 1096,5 μM. IC50 paclitaxel adalah 1577.2 ± 115.3 nM. Efek anti kanker metformin lebih kecil dibanding paclitaxel. Kata Kunci: Metformin HCl, T47D, uji sitotoksik, IC50 Abstract. Breast cancer is a disease in which there is excessive growth or uncontrolled development of breast tissue cells. Cancer is a disease caused by genetic disorders caused by DNA mutations that cause loss of growth control. This genetic disorder affects the cell cycle and cell apoptosis and causes the formation of cancer. Metformin is an antihyperglycemic in type 2 diabetes mellitus patient. The decrease in cancer risk occured in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who used metformin. Cytotoxic test for agent anti cancer is screening test to investigate the potency cancer effect of substance. The goal of this study was determining the cytotoxic effect of metformin hydrochloride to T47D breast cancer cell. The method : This sudy was experimental study, invitro test to T47D breast cancer cell using metformin HCl 5000; 2500; 1250; 312.5; and 156.25 μM for 24 hours. Paclitaxel used as postiive control with concentration were 1000; 500; 250; 31,25 and 15,625 nM. Cytotoxic test using MTT method to determine IC50. Data were analyzed using probit analysis using SPSS 22 version. The result of cytotoxic test showed that IC50 metformin HCl was 13457.3 ± 1096,5 μM. While IC50 paclitaxel as control was 1577.2 ± 115.3 nM. The effect of cancer metformin HCl was lower than paclitaxel.Keywords: Metformin HCl, T47D, cytotoxic test, IC50
Efektivitas ekstrak etanol biji kurma mesir (Phoenix dactylifera L.) sebagai antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus pyogenes secara in vitro
Authors: Pratama Lilia Putri , Purwanta Marijam , Qurnianingsih Ema 
Published: December 2020

Abstrak. Kurma (Phoenix dactylifera L.) telah dikonsumsi secara luas di seluruh duniadan diketahui memiliki banyak manfaat di bidan kesehatan. Salah satu mafaatnya yaitu sebagai obat terhadap faringitis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes. Terdapat ±517.000 kematian pertahun yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Streptococcus pyogenes dan komplikasinya. Sejauh ini telah banyak studi mengenai manfaat daging kurma, namun manfaat terhadap biji kurma belum banyak diteliti. Maka dari itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek antibakteri ekstrak etanol biji kurma Mesir (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pada Streptococus pyogenes secara in vitro dengan uji Konsentrasi Hambat Minimal (KHM) menggunakan metode dilusi serial dan uji Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimal (KBM) dengan inokulasi pada media agar darah. Konsentrasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 1428.57 mg/ml, 714,29 mg/ml, 357.14 mg/ml, 178.57 mg/ml, 89.29 mg/ml, 44,64 mg/ml, 22,32 mg/ml, dan 11,16 mg/ml. Dari penelitian tersebut didapatkan bahwa Konsentrasi Hambat Minimal (KHM) tidak dapat ditentukan dan nilai Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimal (KBM) sebesar 1428.57 mg/ml. Ekstrak etanol biji kurma Mesir (Phoenix dactylifera L.) efektif sebagai antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus pyogenes dengan nilai signifikan 0,002 (p0,05)Kata Kunci: Biji Kurma Mesir, Phoenix dactylifera L., Streptococcus pyogenes, faringitis Abstract. Dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are widely consumed in various parts of the world and are known to have many benefits in the health sector. One of them is pharyngitis medication caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. There are ±517.000 deaths per year which caused by Streptococcus pyogenes infection and its complication. So far there have been many studies on the benefits of date flesh, but the benefits of the seeds have not been widely studied. The aim of this study is to test the anti-bacterial effect of the ethanol extract of Egyptian Phoenix dactylifera L. seed on Streptococcus pyogenes in vitro by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test using serial dilution method and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) in blood agar plate inoculates. The concentration used in this study are 1428.57 mg/ml, 714,29 mg/ml, 357.14 mg/ml, 178.57 mg/ml, 89.29 mg/ml, 44,64 mg/ml, 22,32 mg/ml, and 11,16 mg/ml. From this study the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) can not be determined and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration is 1428.57 mg/ml. Ethanol extract of Egyptian Phoenix dactylifera L. seed effective as antibacteri against Streptococcus pyogenes with a significant value of 0,002 (p 0,05).Keywords: date palm seeds, Phoenix dactylifera L, Streptococcus pyogenes, pharyngitis.
SUMBER PENCEMAR KUALITAS DAN TINGKAT PENCEMARAN AIR DANAU BUYAN DI KECAMATAN SUKASADA KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI
Authors: Sumarya I Made , Ayu Juliasih Ni Ketut , Sudiartawan I Putu 
Published: December 2020

This research objective examined the source of pollutants, water quality and water pollution level of Buyan Lake. The research conducted field observation to identify the source of pollutants, measuring the water quality and water pollution level of Lake Buyan compared to the standard of environmental quality and damage criteria. This research employed the newest standard measurement and equipment in purpose of water and wastewater inspection. Furthermore, this research used STORET method to analys the pollution level. The results discovered that the pollutant’s source was the settlement and agricultural activities around Buyan Lake. The average value of physical parameters i.e temperature, dissolved residue (TDS), suspended residue (TSS), turbidity and brightness are 23.02 oC; 127 mg.L-1, 4.71 mg L-1, 12.52 JTU; and 133.6 cm respectively. The average values ??of the chemical parameters i.e. pH, DO, BOD5, COD, NO3, NO2, Ammonia and Phosphate are 7.48, 5.95 mg.L-1*, 25.46 mg.L-1*, 42.99 mg.L-1*, 1.25 mg.L-1, 0.054 mg.L-1, 0.158 mg.L-1, and 0.149 mg.L-1 respectively. The average values ??of bacteriological parameters i.e Fecal Coliform and Total Coliform are 32.8 MPN/100 ml and 392 MPN/100 ml. The comparation results showed that DO, BOD5, COD, NO2, ammonia, phosphate, fecal coliform and total coliform exceed the Class I Standard of Water Quality. STRORET analysis confirmed a high level of pollution i.e. -40. The overall results show that Buyan Lake water is in the heavily polluted category due to domestic and agricultural activities.
Keywords: Buyan Lake; Pollutant Sources; Pollution Level and Water Quality.
LAND SUBSIDENCE MONITORING ON THE UNDERGROUND MRT CONSTRUCTION AREA IN JAKARTA, INDONESIA
Authors: Bernike Chara , Nagai Masahiko , Osawa Takahiro 
Published: December 2020

Space utilization for measurement of the changes of Earth’s surface is an alternative monitoring technique. Covering a large area with better spatial resolution, comparable accuracy and costly low compared with conventional measurement have made SAR technology more popular in monitoring the subsidence. Land subsidence is the vertical movement of the land surface mainly triggered by fluid extraction, load of construction, geological condition, natural compaction or tectonic activity. Previous researchers have found that Jakarta has experienced land subsidence for decades. On the other hand, rapid urban growth and severe congestion problem in Jakarta are also crucial issues. By providing the first MRT subway, it is expected to be solved the congestion problem. Persistent Scatterer Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (PSInSAR) is one of method to identify the deformation with millimeter accuracy. It was perfectly useful for studied on the land subsidence in consequence of the first MRT subway project in Jakarta. The land displacement monitoring along MRT subway trajectory has been acquired by processing Sentinel 1 and ALOS PALSAR-2. This study was able to investigate the land subsidence by using SARPROZ. Finally, the results of this study indicated that land subsidence occurred in the construction area with the lowest land subsidence rate of -0.6 cm/year and the highest land subsidence rate was -7.3 cm/year.
Keywords: PSInSAR; subway; land subsidence; MRT.
Potensi Bacillus cereus dalam produksi biosurfaktan
Authors: Setiani Nur Asni , Agustina Nia , Mardiah Irma , Hamdani Syarif , Astriany Dewi 
Published: December 2020

Biosurfaktan dari mikroorganisme mempunyai sifat fisika kimia yang stabil, tidak mencemari lingkungan, mudah terurai, dapat diperbaharui, lebih murah dan memiliki toksisitas rendah sehingga dapat digunakan dalam industri farmasi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas emulsifikasi dan karakterisasi biosurfaktan dari Bacillus cereus. Uji hemolisis dan oli spreading dilakukan sebagai penapisan awal. Produksi biosurfaktan menggunakan sistem bacth yang dishaker selama 7 hari. Supernatan diuji aktivitas biosurfaktan melalui indeks emulsifikasi dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis serta pengujian kualitatif antibakteri. Bacillus cereus dapat menghidrolisis darah dan menyebarkan lapisan minyak Hasil indeks emulsifikasi pada hari ke 0, 1, 3, 5, dan 7 secara berurutan 44,83%, 48,28%, 51,72%, 46,43%, dan 51,50%. Hasil KLT yang ditandai noda merah dengan penampak ninhidrin menunjukkan golongan lipopeptida. Pengujian antibakteri menggunakan Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus menunjukkan terbentuknya zona bening di sekitar kertas cakram. Bacillus cereus dapat menghasilkan biosurfaktan golongan lipopeptida dengan indeks emulsifikasi terbesar 51.72% pada hari ketiga dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap gram positif maupun gram negatif.
FORMULASI DAN UJI PELEPASAN KRIM EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN JAMBU BIJI DENGAN POTENSI ANTIJERAWAT
Authors: Dewi N. P. Y. A. , Pebriani N. L. G. W. , Duarsa P. A. , Warnaya P. C. I. , Candraningrat I. D. A. A. D. , Arisanti C. I. S. 
Published: December 2020

Guava leaves contain quercetin which can inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acne. Thus, guava leaves have the potential to be anti-acne. Based on the benefits of guava leaves, it is necessary to formulate the ethanol extract of guava leaves in cream preparation and its characterization as well as to know the rate of releasing active substances. Preparation and standardization of guava leaf simplicia was carried out. After that, maceration, standardization and phytochemical screening of guava leaf ethanol extract were done. Positive extracts containing flavonoids were formulated into cream preparation. The concentration of stearic acid as emulgator of 14% and 18% was optimized. The formula was tested for physical and chemical properties such as organoleptic, spreadability, adhesion, viscosity and pH. The optimum formula was characterized using Franz diffusion test to determine the release of the active substance. The results showed that concentration of stearic acid as emulgator influenced the physical and chemical properties of the cream. Based on the results of this study it could be concluded that the optimum formula was stearic acid concentration of 14% with the release active substances for 3 hours of 2,5882 mg.
Keywords: Guava leaves, acne, cream, stearic acid, diffusion
PEMBUATAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL DENGAN PENAMBAHAN ENZIM PAPAIN DARI EKSRAK DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya)
Authors: Suirta I W. , Astitiasih I. A. R. 
Published: December 2020

Virgin coconut oil has been made by using papaya leaf extract as a source of the papain enzyme. Papaya leaf extraction with maceration used ethanol 95% as solvent. The crude ethanol extract was purified by means of gradient column chromatography using hexane, diethyl ether and ethanol as solvents. The results showed that using papaya leaf extract could significantly increase the quantity of VCO. Coconut milk cream without treatment (negative control) obtained 3.0042 ± 0.046g of VCO, while treatment with papaya leaf extract gained 6,039 ± 0.049 - 7,952 ± 0.031g of VCO, an increase of about 97.5% - 161%. Based on the medium chain saturated fatty acids (MCFA) and long chain saturated fatty acids (LCFA) in VCO, it indicated that the quality of VCO obtained was not good. VCO in diethyl ether fraction and crude extract etanol produced yellow VCO, indicating chlorophyll was still there. Etanol fraction of VCO provided the best quality with the most of lauric acid content and clear color. The VCO components identified using GCMS analysis obtained several fatty acids such as capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, and stearic epoxy.
Keywords: virgin coconut oil, papain enzyme, papaya leaf extract
Telah dilakukan pembuatan virgin coconut oil dengan ekstrak daun pepaya sebagai sumber enzim papain. Proses ekstraksi daun pepaya dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 95%. Ekstrak kasar etanol hasil maserasi dimurnikan dengan cara kromatografi kolom elusi gradient menggunakan pelarut heksana, dietil eter, dan etanol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun pepaya secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan kuantitas VCO. Krim santan tanpa perlakuan (kontrol negatip) didapatkan berat VCO 3.0042±0,046g, sedangkan dengan ekstrak daun pepaya diperoleh berat VCO 6.039±0,049g – 7.952±0,031g, terjadi kenaikan sekitar 97,5% - 161%. Berdasarkan kandungan asam lemak rantai medium dan asam lemak rantai panjang pada VCO, menunjukkan bahwa kualitas VCO yang diperoleh masih kurang baik. Krim santan dengan daun pepaya fraksi dietil eter dan ekstrak kasar etanol menghasilkan VCO berwarna kuning yang mengindikasikan masih terdapat klorofil. VCO fraksi etanol yang memberikan kualitas paling baik dengan kandungan asam laurat paling banyak dan berwarna bening. Komponen VCO yang teridentifikasi dari analisis GCMS diperoleh beberapa asam lemak seperti: asam kaprat, asam laurat, asam miristat, asam palmitat, asam oleat, asam stearat, dan epoksi stearat.
Kata kunci: virgin coconut oil, enzim papain, ekstrak daun pepaya
Identifikasi Peran UPT. Malioboro terhadap Penyandang difabel di Kawasan Malioboro, Yogyakarta (Analisis SOAR)
Authors: Pasaribu Asdalia Br , Suryasih Ida Ayu 
Published: December 2020

This research background is the presence of persons with diffability in the Malioboro area who have not benefited from tourism activities , so that make people with diffability only show their limitations, in addition the difficulties for persons with diffability have an impact on their welfare. The Yogyakarta Government has an ambition to make Yogyakarta as an accessible city, to realizing that, the Malioboro Technical Implementation Unit has the duty to empower the community in the Malioboro area according to its role.The objectives of this study are : 1) How the role of the involvement of Malioboro Technical Implementation Unit for People with diffability and 2) What is the strategy of empowering people with diffability by stakeholders in the Malioboro tourism area. The analysis in this study is a descriptive qualitative analysis in reviewing the role of a technical unit to manage the Malioboro area, called Unit Pengelola Teknis (UPT) Malioboro involved in existing conditions and SOAR analysis of identified strengths, opportunities, expectations and results to be achieved. This research located in the Malioboro area, there is a lot of people with diffability who have not paid enough attention to location.The results of the study show that the Malioboro Technical Implementation Unit has not carried out its duties in the field of empowerment and taking care of the of people with diffability. The involvement is considered low, in addition, the research indicates that many persons with diffability hope to be accommodated to receive the same tourism benefits, and are expected to be strongly involved in the future.
Keyword: Diffability, Empowerment, Technical Implementation Unit Malioboro
Analisis Sungai Ijo Gading Sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata di Kabupaten Jembrana, Bali
Authors: Candrawati Anak Agung Ketut Sri , Pramesti Dinar Sukma 
Published: December 2020

Ijo Gading River is located in a strategic area which cuts across Negara, the capital city of Jembrana Regency, Bali. This river has a great potency to be packed as a tourism destination that can attract tourists to come. To develop the Ijo Gading River as one of tourism destinations, then it is necessary to conduct a research to analyze the internal and external factors possessed by Ijo Ga?ing River as one of tourism destinations at Jembrana, Bali. The results of the research are expected to be considerations for the community, government, and other related parties to develop the potency of Ijo Gading River. This study is a descriptive qualitative research which used observation, interview, literature research, and document study to gain data. The data were analyzed using SWOT analysis which stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats coming from the external factor. The results reveals, from the internal factors, Ijo Gading River possesses some strengths and weaknesses. Its strengths are its historical value, the richness of its culture, and natural landscape which is the traditional fishing boats. Meanwhile its weaknesses are it is not organized well yet, the lack of proper facilities, and the condition of the river that becomes shallower. From the external perspective, Ijo Gading river has several threats and opportunities. The threats are the competitive atmosphere among the same kinds of tourism destinations, its function as a river is destroyed by the activities done around the river, as well as river pollution. But the opportunities are the large empty area, empowering the community, and the community's active participation to develop the tourism activities there.
Keyword: Potency, Ijo Gading River, tourism destination
Valuasi Ekonomi Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Pancar Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Sukwika Tatan , Kasih Hendrietta 
Published: December 2020

Mount Pancar Nature Park (TWAGP) was located in Karang Tengah Village, Babakan Madang District, Bogor Regency. As a unity of sustainability, the TWAGP ecosystem must be able to provide benefits with various values. In the context of the valuation approach, of course, there are practical and normative dimensions for selecting ecosystem services. This study aimed to determine the factors that affect the number of visits to TWAGP and calculate the economic valuation of TWAGP based on the travel cost method (TCM). The method used was TCM. This method was calculated based on total consumer surplus, the coefficient of travel expenses, and total visits respondents. The analysis showed that four factors influence visit frequency, to TWAGP including, cost of travel, level of education, length of knowledge and distance travelled. The consumer surplus of individuals per visit was Rp209.000, and the total economic value was Rp8.535.978.000. The recommendation is a response to the willingness of visitors to pay an additional entry fee than what enforced needs to followed by improving the quality of tourist attractions so that visitors are satisfied and increasingly want to return to visit.

Keyword: Consumer surplus, Economic valuation, Mount pancar nature park, Sustainability, Travel cost method
Strategi Pengembangan Pariwisata di Wisata BALKONDES Ngadiharjo di Kawasan Borobudur Kabupaten Magelang
Authors: Destiningsih Rian , Achsa Andhatu , Verawati Dian Marlina 
Published: December 2020

Magelang has so many tours, nice and very interesting to visit. Balai Ekonomi Desa which is often abbreviated as Balkondes, is a tour that is only found in Magelang. Several tours feature Balkondes, but the destinations carried are different from Balkondes. Balkondes is the embodiment of the village community in developing the economic potential of the village, while the number of Balkondes in Magelang Regency is around 20 Balkondes. One of them, Balkondes Ngadiharjo is one of Balkondes that is unique and still frequently visited by tourists often as tourists. The purpose of this research is provide an overview to identify tourism development strategy in Balkondes Ngadiharjo. The method of the study used descriptive qualitative, Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) and the survey was undertaken on 57 respondents. The results showed that alternative development strategies for Balkondes Ngadiharjo include optimization of promotions, internet access, suitable facilities gave the wide location, environment-based tourism, outdoor events and the tendency to travel in eco-based niche tourism, Borobudur Temple tourists to visit Balkondes Ngadiharjo, increasing creativity Balkondes Ngadiharjo's innovation and uniqueness to maintain competition for the number of visitors between Balkondes and other tours, increase management professionalism, playgrounds, public facilities and innovation and creativity to maintain competition between Balkondes and other tourist objects so that the level of tourist visits is high and can give a positive impression that is memorable for visitors and have an impact on the high profitability of tourist objects.

Keyword: balkondes, tourism, strategy, swot
Karakteristik dan Makna Rekreasi Pengunjung dalam Leisure dan Recreation di Tukad Bindu Kota Denpasar
Authors: Ramadhan Shofyan Hadi , Arida I Nyoman Sukma 
Published: December 2020

Tukad Bindu at first was well-known as the dirty river and contained tons of household waste thrown away by society. Nevertheless, since 2018 it became one of recreation center in Denpasar City. Many activities carried out currently and the more crowded Tukad Bindu becomes, it is necessary to conduct a research which is expected to be able to perceive the characteristic and the meaning of recreation in Tukad Bindu to be a consideration for further development. The research method used is qualitative method with qualitative descriptive data analysis technique. The data resource of this research is from primary and secondary data. Data collection technique is conducted by observation, interview, questionnaire, and documentation. Sample determination is committed by accidental sampling using nonprobability sampling technique. Informant determination is committed by purposive sampling procedure.The result of this research indicates that progress level of Tukad Bindu is start on the development stage. The characteristics of Tukad Bindu visitors are perceived from socio-demographic characteristic, demographic characteristic, and psychographic characteristic turns out to be very diverse. The meaning of visitors’ recreation after having recreation in Tukad Bindy mostly are social meaning. Community should keep supporting activities committed by Tukad Bindu Foundation, particularly the youths there. It is expected that Tukad Bindu Foundation continues to hold regular annual events, such as Pekan Nusantara. Academics should synergize with each other in order to create an integrated recreation area among the fields of fishery, agriculture, and tourism.
Keyword: Characteristics, The Meaning of Recreation, Leisure and Recreation