bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Niat dan Keputusan Konsumen Membeli Sayuran dan Buah Secara Online
Authors: Listyowati Esi Asyani , Suryantini Any , Irham Irham 
Published: July 2020

Compared to other goods, online trading on fresh agricultural products such as vegetables and fruit is still relatively new for the Indonesian people. What drives this growing interest in purchasing agricultural products online? This study aims to examine the factors influence consumers' intentions in purchasing vegetables and fruit online and further analyzes the influence of purchase intentions on consumers’ decision to make the purchases online. The study was based on analysis of 146 users of online vetabales stores in various more than 10 online platfom accessible in Indonesia from July to August 2018. Users are aged from 15 to more than 54 years. Using seven exogenous latent variables predicted to influence purchase intentions, this study found four variables which proved to influence purchasing intentions, namely perceived usefulness, perceived price, income, and electronic word of mouth. Three variables were perceived ease of use, trust, and perceived risk prevention does not affect the purchase intention. The purchase intention as the first endogenous latent variable proved to influence consumer purchasing decisions as the second endogenous latent variable.
DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL EVALUATION OF TOPICAL HYDROQUINONE NIOSOMAL GEL FORMULATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF MELASMA
Authors: AMMAR AMAL A. , SALEM HODA A. , ELADAWY SHEREEN A. , ELSAMAD ZINAB I. ABD , KOHAF NEVEEN A. 
Published: July 2020

Objective: The goal of the present study was to develop niosomal gel as a nanocarrier for improved depigmentation effect of hydroquinone (HQ). As well as to evaluate the prepared niosomes for entrapment efficiency, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential, and in vitro release study. As an ultimate point of the objectives was to evaluate the best-prepared niosomal gel formula clinically in well-diagnosed patients of melasma and the results were compared with a commercial product.
Methods: The effect of incorporation of co-surfactant such as Tween 20, Tween 40, and Tween 60 with Span 80, was studied to determine the highest entrapment efficiency and the desired release rate. Niosomes showed the highest entrapment efficiency was incorporated in different gelling agents like Carbopol 934 and Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC Na) with different concentrations. Accelerated stability testing of HQ from niosomal gel formulations; the expiry date t90 was estimated. The best-prepared niosomal gel formula was studied clinically in patients of melasma and the results were compared with the commercial product (Clearique 2%)®Delta Pharma Company.
Results: There was a significant increase in the clinical efficacy of the niosomal therapy and a highly significant decrease regarding to modified melasma area and severity index (MASI), duration to achieve improvement, side effects, and the recurrence of melasma in patients treated with niosomal gel compared to the commercial product.
Conclusion: The incorporation of hydroquinone in niosomal gel improves its therapeutic effect regarding clinical effect, duration of treatment, side effects, recurrence and patient compliance.
METHOD DEVELOPMENT ON ANALYSIS CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE AND 4-HYDROXYCYCLOPHOPHAMIDE IN DRIED BLOOD SPOT AND ITS APPLICATION IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: HARAHAP YAHDIANA , GUSTIYANTI NURLITA , SUNANTO AYU EGAHMUSTIKA , HARMITA  , PURWANTO DENNIJOKO 
Published: July 2020

Objective: To develop the method for the simultaneous analysis of cyclophosphamide and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (4-OHCP) in Dried Blood Spot (DBS) using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and its application in breast cancer patients for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Methods: Sample preparation used protein precipitation with methanol and acetonitrile (2:1 v/v). The separation was conducted using 1.7μm (2.1 x 100 mm) Waters AcquityTM UPLC C18 column; mobile phase consists of 0.01% formic acid and methanol (50:50 v/v) with isocratic elution, column temperature 30 °C, flow rate 0.3 ml/min and hexamethylphosphoramide (HMP) used as an internal standard. Analysis was performed by a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with a positive ion mode of Electrospray Ionization. Cyclophosphamide was detected at m/z 260.968>139.978, 4-OHCP at m/z 338.011>224.979, and HMP at m/z 180.17>92.08. The method was applied to quantify cyclophosphamide and 4-OHCP in DBS of breast cancer patients. Blood samples were collected at 2 and 4 h after cyclophosphamide administration for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Results: The method was linear in the range of 50–30.000 ng/ml for cyclophosphamide and 10–1000 ng/ml for 4-OHCP. Lower Limit of Quantification (LLOQ) concentration of cyclophosphamide was 50 ng/ml and 4-OHCP was 10 ng/ml. Accuracy and precision within-run and between-run met the requirements with % diff and CV, not exceeding ±15% and not more than ±20% for LLOQ concentration. The results from DBS samples of cancer patients showed that the level of cyclophosphamide was in the range of 6045.980 ng/ml to 37024.403 ng/ml and 4-OHCP was in the range 33.155 ng/ml to 246.362 ng/ml.
Conclusion: The developed method met the requirements of all validation parameters under the Guideline on Bioanalytical Method Validation by the European Medicines Agency in 2011. Method can be applied on DBS of cancer patients and the results showed that cyclophosphamide and 4-OHCP was detected on 17 samples of breast cancer patients. This can be one of the parameters for therapeutic drug monitoring.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ETHAMBUTOL POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES
Authors: HUSSAIN MONOWAR , SARMA ANUPAM , RAHMAN SHEIKH SOFIUR , SIDDIQUE ABDUL MATIN , EESWARI TANUKU PAVANI 
Published: July 2020

Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which most commonly affects the lungs. TB has the highest mortality rate than any other infectious disease occurs worldwide. The main objective of the present investigation was to develop polymeric nanoparticles based drug delivery system to sustain the ethambutol (ETB) release by reducing the dose frequency.
Methods: The Preformulation studies of drug ETB were done by physical characterization, melting point determination, and UV spectrophotometric analysis. The ETB loaded nanoparticles were prepared by double-emulsion (W/O/W) solvent evaporation/diffusion technique. The prepared polymeric nanoparticles were evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, drug loading, drug-polymer compatibility study, surface morphology, in vitro drug release, and release kinetics.
Results: Based on the result obtained from the prepared formulations, F11 showed the best result and was selected as the optimized formulation. Optimized batch (F11) showed better entrapment efficiency (73.3%), good drug loading capacity (13.21%), optimum particle size (136.1 nm), and zeta potential (25.2 mV) with % cumulative drug release of 79.08% at the end of 24 h.
Conclusion: These results attributed that developed polymeric nanoparticles could be effective in sustaining the ETB release over 24 h. Moreover, the developed nanoparticles could be an alternate method for ETB delivery with a prolonged drug release profile and a better therapeutic effect can be achieved for the treatment of tuberculosis.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF LIQUID CRYSTAL EMULSION CONTAINING EXTRA VIRGIN OLIVE OIL AS SKIN ANTI-AGING
Authors: SEPTIANINGSIH ULVA DWI AYU , REVENY JULIA , ARIANTO ANAYANTI 
Published: July 2020

Objective: The purpose of this research was to formulate and evaluate the and anti-aging activity and the characteristic of liquid crystal emulsion of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO).
Methods: Preparation of liquid crystal emulsion was made using the variation of alkyl polyglycoside and caprylic triglyceride as surfactant with concentration ratio was 3:5 (F1), 4:4 (F2), 5:3 (F3) and 5% extra virgin olive oil as an anti-aging substance. The liquid crystal emulsions were evaluated for an organoleptic test, microscopic, pH value, viscosity, particle size, zeta potential during 12 w storage at room temperature and centrifugation test. The selected liquid crystal emulsion was examined with anti-aging activity (moisture, pore, spot, and wrinkle) using a skin analyzer to volunteer’s skin.
Results: The result showed that all formulas had stable storage for 12 w at room temperature (25±1 °C). Liquid crystal emulsion with a surfactant concentration of alkyl polyglycosides and caprylic triglycerides 4:4 (F2) showed the presence of liquid crystal, the stable value of pH (6.9) and viscosity (4995 mPa), smallest particle size 5.727 µm, and highest zeta potential-34.5 mV after 12 w storage at room temperature.
Conclusion: EVOO liquid crystal emulsion (F2) showed better skin anti-aging activity (condition of moisture content, pore, spot, and wrinkle) than conventional emulsion. It concluded that the formula was stable physically and showed better skin anti-aging activity than conventional emulsion.
The QUALITY BY DESIGN APPROACH FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE AND SALMETEROL XINAFOATE
Authors: KULKARNI PANKAJ N. , JADHAV C. K. , DODAKE-SUPEKAR ALAKNANDA M. , GILL CHARANSINGH H. 
Published: July 2020

Objective: To develop and validate a novel and simple reverse phase Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) method for simultaneous determination of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol Xinafoate from pharmaceutical finished product, applying Quality by design (QbD) approach.
Methods: The proposed analytical method developed and validated in a linear gradient condition at a flow rate of 0.40 ml/min over Waters ACQUITY BEH Shield RP 18, 2.1*100 mm, 1.7 µm column by maintaining column oven temperature at 30 °C and Sample cooler temperature at 15 °C. Chromatograms monitored and recorded at 215 nm.
Results: The proposed method has been validated as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines with respect to system suitability, specificity, precision, linearity, accuracy, range, solution stability and robustness. This method is qualified in all parameters in case of system suitability and specificity; precision observed within the limit of 2.0%, the excellent linear response observed with correlation coefficient (R2) for Salmeterol 0.99999 and Fluticasone Propionate 0.99999, for Accuracy within the limit of 98% to 102%.
Conclusion: A selective, suitable and accurate reverse phase UPLC method for simultaneous Determination of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol Xinafoate in the pharmaceutical finished product has been developed and validated successfully.
MICROENCAPSULATION OPTIMIZATION OF PROPOLIS ETHANOLIC EXTRACT FROM TETRAGONULA SPP USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: PRATAMI DIAH KARTIKA , MUN’IM ABDUL , HERMANSYAH HERI , GOZAN MISRI , SAHLAN MUHAMAD 
Published: July 2020

Objective: This research aimed to encapsulate the propolis through spray drying to overcome problematic handling properties of propolis and to optimize the microencapsulation by using response surface methodology (RSM).
Methods: The propolis ethanolic extract (PEE) was microencapsulated by spray drying with maltodextrin and gum arabic. RSM was applied for the optimization of microencapsulation efficiency, yield, moisture content, solubility in water, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity of spray-dried propolis (SDP) microcapsules.
Results: The highest process efficiency reached a microencapsulation yield of 75.35%. The highest solubility of SDP in water was 91.47%, with a moisture content of 0.96%. SDP exhibiting the highest TPC of 307.325 mg GAE/g, with a microencapsulation efficiency of 81.48%. Ferric reducing antioxidant power analysis showed its highest antioxidant activity with a low EC50 19.12 ug/ml with DPPH analysis, and a high reducing power capacity of 314.64 mg GAE/g.
Conclusion: Microencapsulation optimization of propolis ethanolic extract from Tetragonula spp. using RSM indicated that SDP with 1:2 ratios of the microwall to core (propolis), inlet temperature at 115 °C, and flow rate 20% represented the optimum conditions. Microencapsulation has successes improved physical appearance and the solubility index and protected and enhanced bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of propolis in optimum condition by using spray drying.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL TABLETS OF CARVEDILOL
Authors: CHANDARANA DHAVAL A. , PATEL KEYUR S. , PATEL SAMIR C. , PATEL DEEPA R. , PRAJAPATI SHAILESH T. 
Published: July 2020

Objective: The aim of the study was to formulate and evaluate mucoadhesive buccal tablets of carvedilol to avoid the first-pass metabolism.
Methods: Mucoadhesive Buccal tablets of carvedilol were prepared by direct compression techniques using a combination of bioadhesive polymers such as hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and polyethlyelne oxide WSR-1105 (PEO WSR-1105). In order to improve solubility of carvedilol, solid dispersion was prepared using poloxamer 188. A 32 Full factorial design was applied to investigate the combined effect of the two independent variables i.e. concentration of HPC (X1) and concentration of PEO WSR-1105(X2) on the dependent variables, % in vitro drug release at 1 h (Y1), % in vitro drug release at 4 h (Y2), mucoadhesive strength (Y3) and mucoadhesion time (Y4).
Results: Optimized mucoadhesive buccal tablets shows in vitro drug release of 96.23±2.45 in 8 h, mucoadhesive strength of 18.20±1.44 g, mucoadhesion time 420±2.6 min and surface pH 6.75±0.015. Drug excipients compatibility study by FTIR showed no interaction between drug and excipients.
Conclusion: From all parameters and experimental design evaluation, it was concluded that the drug release rate decreased with an increase the concentration of HPC and PEO WSR-1105 and mucoadhesion property increased with increase the concentration of PEO WSR-1105. The in vitro release kinetics revealed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model is followed and drug release is by anomalous diffusion.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF METOLAZONE SOLID DISPERSIONS AND FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS USING STERCULIA FOETIDA SEED STARCH AND PLASDONE K-29/32 AS SUPERDISINTEGRANTS
Authors: DOPPALAPUDI SANDEEP , SURYADEVARA VIDYADHARA 
Published: July 2020

Objective: The objective of the current study is to improve the solubility of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class-II drug, Metolazone, using various superdisintegrants.
Methods: Starches were extracted from Sterculia foetida seed powder by water and alkali techniques i.e., sodium hydroxide at 0.1%, 0.25% and 0.5% concentrations. Several phytochemical and physicochemical parameters were evaluated on the extracted starches. Solid dispersions of Metolazone were prepared by the solvent evaporation technique using plasdone K-29/32 alone and by mixing plasdone K-29/32 with Sterculia foetida seed starch. Various physical parameters were evaluated for the prepared solid dispersions. Tablets were prepared using Metolazone solid dispersions and varying concentrations of Sterculia foetida seed starch by direct compression technique. Pre and post-compression parameters were evaluated along with in vitro drug release studies, characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and stability studies.
Results: Phytochemical tests showed the presence of starch in all extracts. Starch prepared from 0.1% sodium hydroxide (SFS2) showed best physicochemical properties. In vitro dissolution studies revealed that solid dispersion MS4 containing Metolazone and plasdone K-29/32 in 1:3 ratios showed better drug release. Formulation MPT6 containing MS5 solid dispersion with 15% w/w of SFS2 showed enhanced drug release. SEM studies revealed no major interactions between drugs and excipients. Accelerated stability studies showed that all tablets were stable.
Conclusion: Sterculia foetida seed starch and plasdone K-29/32 have enhanced the solubility of Metolazone.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF SURFACE MODIFIED NANOPARTICLES OF CALCIUM PHOSPHATE AS EXTRACT CARRIER
Authors: BANERJEE SRITOMA , SEN KALYAN K. 
Published: July 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop, optimize and characterize carbohydrate coated calcium phosphate nanoparticles of Chelidonium majus L. extract along with carried out in vivo study to observe activity in the liver.
Methods: Surface modified calcium phosphate nanoparticles of Chelidonium majus L. extract were developed and optimized. Extract loading and particle size were the two responses, effects on which were analyzed. Characterization studies, in vitro extract release and in vivo distribution studies were carried out. Also in vivo histopathological analysis was carried out to observe effects of extract loaded nanoparticles in liver of wistar albino rats in paracetamol, rifampicin-isoniazid, cisplatin and carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity.
Results: Pareto chart and surface response curve indicated that sonication time, the concentration of lactose and concentration of extract were important factors affecting particle size and extract loading. ANOVA was performed and obtained data pointed out that model was significant for both responses. Particle size and zeta potential results indicated the stability of prepared nanoparticles along with extract was loaded (37.22 %) satisfactorily on coated cores. Characterization studies indicated no interaction between the components and also extract release demonstrated diffusion-controlled mechanism. These extract loaded nanoparticles were largely found in the liver than heart, lungs. Hepatoprotective activity of nanoparticles of the extract was confirmed by correlating histopathology results of normal, toxic, silymarin treated, extract-treated and formulation treated groups.
Conclusion: Lactose coated nanoparticles of calcium phosphate proved to be excellent carriers of plant extract. These nanoparticles efficiently targeted liver and generated cellular protective action in hepatic damage.
Friedrich Carl von Savigny tentang Hukum: Hukum sebagai Manifestasi Jiwa Bangsa
Authors: Aulia M. Zulfa 
Published: July 2020

Friedrich Carl von Savigny was a legal figure with high reputation. He was recognized as a figure and the founder of the school of historical jurisprudence. This article attempts to discuss what he meant by law, how his thoughts about law began, and how these thought might have urgency and relevant to the present context. This article shows, Savigny’s thought about law stems from his reflection on the development of law in civilized nations, that law grows naturally in society and is not deliberately made by certain (political) forces. Law is a part of social life that can be observed in the form of people’s behavior and consciousness, as well as language and manners. It and other social aspects are united which arises from and reflects the spirit of the people (volksgeist) as well. Savigny’s thoughts are urgent in a holistically placing law in society and building laws that have a continuity in the past, present, and future. Such thoughts become relevant in the current legal development of a country which tends to have a global-universal character, so that national law is reflected, harmonized, and colored by the spirit of the people.
Abstrak
Friedrich Carl von Savigny merupakan tokoh hukum dengan reputasi yang tinggi. Ia dikenali sebagai tokoh sekaligus pendiri aliran hukum sejarah (historical jurisprudence). Dalam artikel ini dibahas apa yang dimaksud olehnya sebagai hukum, bagaimanakah pemikirannya tentang hukum bermula, dan, dalam konteks sekarang, bagaimana urgensi dan relevansinya. Artikel ini menunjukkan, pemikiran Savigny tentang hukum bermula dari refleksinya tentang perkembangan hukum pada bangsa-bangsa yang beradab, bahwa hukum itu tumbuh secara alamiah di masyarakat dan tidak dibuat secara sengaja oleh kekuatan (politik) tertentu. Hukum merupakan bagian dari kehidupan sosial yang dapat dilihat dalam wujud perilaku dan kesadaran masyarakat, seperti halnya bahasa dan tata krama. Hukum beserta aspek sosial lainnya itu merupakan satu kesatuan, yang muncul dan sekaligus mencerminkan jiwa rakyat atau bangsa (volksgeist). Pemikiran Savigny ini penting dalam mendudukkan hukum secara holistik di masyarakat dan membangun hukum yang memiliki kesinambungan masa lalu, kini, dan mendatang. Pemikiran demikian menjadi relevan dalam pembangunan hukum suatu negara saat ini yang cenderung berkarakter global-universal, agar dalam hukum nasional tetap tercermin, selaras, dan punya warna jiwa bangsa.
MEMÓRIA E NARRATIVAS (AUTO)BIOGRÁFICAS: A CONSTRUÇÃO DA IDENTIDADE DOCENTE DE PROFESSORES FORMADORES EM GEOGRAFIA
Authors: Menezes Victória Sabbado , Costella Roselane Zordan 
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho origina-se de uma tese de doutorado em andamento relacionada à linha de pesquisa em Ensino de Geografia. O intuito da pesquisa consiste em analisar como as memórias de professores formadores de Geografia atuam sobre sua identidade docente e influenciam a formação dos licenciandos. Para tanto, será adotada a abordagem (auto)biográfica enquanto método. A metodologia assenta-se nas histórias de vida, de modo que a fonte de pesquisa serão as narrativas dos professores formadores de Geografia de uma universidade federal do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A escolha pelas narrativas (auto)biográficas se justifica pelo entendimento de que o ato de narrar engendra um processo reflexivo, autoformativo e heteroformativo durante sua execução. As reflexões apresentadas neste trabalho dizem respeito somente à pesquisa teórica construída a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica concernente ao ensino de Geografia, formação docente e pesquisa (auto)biográfica, uma vez que a pesquisa de campo ainda está inacabada. A partir disso, considera-se a presença significativa do saber da tradição pedagógica nas memórias dos professores, o que exige sua problematização na formação inicial, de modo que pode ser desenvolvido por meio das narrativas (auto)biográficas, visto que são concebidas não somente como dispositivo metodológico, mas também como dispositivo formativo.
Spatial Logistic Regression Modeling With Inverse Weighting Distance For Open Unemployment In Districts/Cities On The Island Of Sulawesi
Authors: Baebae Broklyn Pippo Marchegiani , Nur’eni Nur’eni , Setiawan Iman 
Published: July 2020

Unemployment is a condition where a person does not have a job, but is looking for a job. To see the unemployment situation in an area, logistic regression analysis can be used. Logistic regression is an analysis used to see the relationship between the response variable (Y) which is binary and the explanatory variable (X) which is categorical or continuous. The application of logistic regression often has a spatial influence on the model. In this study to model the open unemployment rate the spatial logistic regression method is used. Spatial logistic regression is logistic regression analysis by incorporating spatial influences into the model. Spatial dependency testing is used by Moran’s I Test. The weighting matrix used is the distance inverse weighting matrix. The results obtained, the value of Moran's I Test with a p-value of 2.14 x 10-12 <α (0.05), meaning that there is a spatial influence on the level of open unemployment on the island of Sulawesi. So the spatial logistic regression model is obtained as follows :
g(x) = 4,848 0,000002885(X1) 0,0473(X2) 0,006669(X3) 0,04263(X4) 0,269(X5) 0,1642(X6) 1,531(X7) 0,1581(X8) 0,2208(X9) 0,009732(X10) 0,01871(Z)
Spatial factors affect the level of open unemployment based on the significance value <α (0.05)