bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Easing as a Mechanism for Non-Traditional Monetary Policy and Implications of its Adoption in the Algerian Economy: Econometric Study using the ARDL Model
Authors: Ayadi Salah , Serarma Abdelaouahed 
Published: November 2020

This study aims to identify some concepts related to non-traditional monetary policy instruments, including the quantitative easing tool, and discuss the main reasons for Algeria's adoption of this instrument.
The study concluded that the adoption of the policy of quantitative easing in Algeria is not to affect economic variables but to finance the budget deficit. In order to estimate the impact of monetary issuance on economic growth for 2003Q1-2018Q4, the ARDL model was used, where the results resulted in a direct relationship between M2 and GDP.
Central Europe, 1531–1540 CE: The driest summer decade of the past five centuries?
Authors: Brázdil Rudolf , Dobrovolný Petr , Bauch Martin , Camenisch Chantal , Kiss Andrea , Kotyza Oldřich , Oliński Piotr , Řezníčková Ladislava 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Based on three drought indices (SPI, SPEI, Z-index)
reconstructed from documentary evidence and instrumental records, the
summers of 1531–1540 were identified as the driest summer decade
during the 1501–2015 period in the Czech Lands. Based on documentary data,
extended from the Czech scale to central Europe, dry patterns of various
intensities (represented, for example, by dry spells, low numbers of
precipitation days, very low rivers, and drying-out of water sources)
occurred in 1532, 1534–1536, 1538, and particularly 1540, broken by wetter
or normal patterns in 1531, 1533, 1537, and 1539. Information relevant to
summer droughts extracted from documentary data in central Europe was
confirmed in summer precipitation totals from a multi-proxy reconstruction
for Europe by Pauling et al. (2006) and further by self-calibrated summer
Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) reconstruction from tree ring widths in Old World Drought Atlas (OWDA) by Cook et al. (2015). The
summer patterns described are consistent with the distribution of sea level
pressure deviations from a modern reference period. Summer droughts were
responsible for numerous negative impacts, such as bad harvests of certain
crops, reduction and lack of water sources, and frequent forest fires, while
in the wetter summers central Europe was affected by floods. However, there
are no indications of severe impacts of a multi-country or multi-year effect.
Reconstructions based on documentary data indicate that the summers of
1531–1540 constitute the driest summer decade in central Europe for the
past five centuries between 1501 and 2010 CE.
Half-hourly changes in intertidal temperature at nine wave-exposed locations along the Atlantic Canadian coast: a 5.5-year study
Authors: Scrosati Ricardo A. , Ellrich Julius A. , Freeman Matthew J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Intertidal habitats are unique because they spend alternating
periods of submergence (at high tide) and emergence (at low tide) every day.
Thus, intertidal temperature is mainly driven by sea surface temperature
(SST) during high tides and by air temperature during low tides. Because of
that, the switch from high to low tides and vice versa can determine rapid
changes in intertidal thermal conditions. On cold-temperate shores, which
are characterized by cold winters and warm summers, intertidal thermal
conditions can also change considerably with seasons. Despite this
uniqueness, knowledge on intertidal temperature dynamics is more limited
than for open seas. This is especially true for wave-exposed intertidal
habitats, which, in addition to the unique properties described above, are
also characterized by wave splash being able to moderate intertidal thermal
extremes during low tides. To address this knowledge gap, we measured
temperature every half hour during a period of 5.5 years (2014–2019) at nine
wave-exposed rocky intertidal locations spanning 415 km of the Atlantic
coast of Nova Scotia, Canada. This data set is freely available from the
figshare online repository (Scrosati and Ellrich, 2020a;
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12462065.v1). We summarize the main
properties of this data set by focusing on location-wise values of daily
maximum and minimum temperature and daily SST, which we make freely
available as a separate data set in figshare (Scrosati et al., 2020;
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12453374.v1). Overall, this
cold-temperate coast exhibited a wide annual SST range, from a lowest
overall value of −1.8 ∘C in winter to a highest overall value of
22.8 ∘C in summer. In addition, the latitudinal SST trend along
this coast experienced a reversal from winter (when SST increased
southwards) to summer (when SST decreased southwards), seemingly driven by
alongshore differences in summer coastal upwelling. Daily temperature maxima
and minima were more extreme, as expected from their occurrence during low
tides, ranging from a lowest overall value of −16.3 ∘C in winter
to a highest overall value of 41.2 ∘C in summer. Daily maximum
temperature in summer varied little along the coast, while daily minimum
temperature in winter increased southwards. This data set is the first of
its kind for the Atlantic Canadian coast and exemplifies in detail how
intertidal temperature varies in wave-exposed environments on a
cold-temperate coast.
Identifying the optimal spatial distribution of tracers for optical sensing of stream surface flow
Authors: Pizarro Alonso , Dal Sasso Silvano F. , Perks Matthew T. , Manfreda Salvatore 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. River monitoring is of particular interest as a society that faces increasingly complex water management issues. Emerging technologies have contributed to opening new avenues for improving our monitoring capabilities but have also generated new challenges for the harmonised use of devices and algorithms. In this context, optical-sensing techniques for stream surface flow velocities are strongly influenced by tracer characteristics such as seeding density and their spatial distribution. Therefore, a principal research goal is the identification of how these properties affect the accuracy of such methods. To this aim, numerical simulations were performed to consider different levels of tracer clustering, particle colour (in terms of greyscale intensity), seeding
density, and background noise. Two widely used image-velocimetry algorithms
were adopted: (i) particle-tracking velocimetry (PTV) and (ii) particle image velocimetry (PIV). A descriptor of the seeding characteristics (based on seeding density and tracer clustering) was introduced based on a newly developed metric called the Seeding Distribution Index (SDI). This index can be approximated and used in practice as SDI=ν0.1/ρρcν1, where ν, ρ, and ρcν1 are the spatial-clustering level, the seeding density, and the reference seeding density at ν=1, respectively. A reduction in image-velocimetry errors was systematically observed for lower values of the SDI; therefore, the optimal
frame window (i.e. a subset of the video image sequence) was defined as the
one that minimises the SDI. In addition to numerical analyses, a field case
study on the Basento river (located in southern Italy) was considered as a
proof of concept of the proposed framework. Field results corroborated
numerical findings, and error reductions of about 15.9 % and 16.1 % were calculated – using PTV and PIV, respectively – by employing the optimal frame window.
Kansschade: een bewogen leerstuk
Authors: den Hoed J. 
Published: November 2020

Kansschade: een bewogen leerstuk. HR 19 juli 2019, ECLI:NL:HR:2019:1223 en Rb. Den Haag 8 januari 2020, ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2020:4
Zowel in het Srebrenica-arrest als in het Faro-vonnis, twee tamelijk verschillende zaken, is een veroordeling tot vergoeding van kansschade uitgesproken voor onzorgvuldig handelen. In zijn Srebrenica-uitspraak stelde de Hoge Raad de kleine, maar niet verwaarloosbare kans voor de bewuste groep mannelijke vluchtelingen om uit handen te blijven van Bosnische Serviërs (als Dutchbat naar behoren zou zijn opgetreden) vast op 10%, waar het hof nog was uitgekomen op 30%. De rechtbank kwam in de Faro-zaak tot een kleine, maar niet verwaarloosbare kans van 20% op een beter resultaat bij de destijds met Martinair gevoerde onderhandelingen als de Raad voor de Luchtvaart niet onzorgvuldig zou hebben gehandeld. Een algemeen, voor alle gevallen toepasbaar, minimumpercentage voor kansschade lijkt niet aanwijsbaar.
Burning for Treatment: Impact of Staff Education on Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Management in the Elderly
Authors: Hong Casara , Egan Gregory , Sherk Byron 
Published: November 2020

Background
Studies indicate that elderly patients are often inappropriately treated with antimicrobials for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB). Interprofessional education may help improve the assessment and management of ASB.
Methods
Retrospective chart audits were conducted on two cohorts of positive urine cultures (n = 201) obtained from a geriatric acute care unit to determine the incidence of treated ASB. The first cohort (n = 101) was analyzed from January to July 2017. Education was provided to unit staff (e.g., nurses, physicians, pharmacists) in Fall 2017. The second cohort (n = 100) was analyzed from January to July 2018. Descrip­tive statistics were used to summarize and compare the results from the cohorts.
Results
152 patients (n = 201 positive urine cultures) were reviewed: 74% (159) of positive urine cultures were ASB and 21% (42) were urinary tract infections. The incidence of treated ASB was 15% (30) and untreated ASB was 65% (129). The incidence of UTI, treated ASB, and untreated ASB were not significantly different between the two cohorts examined.
Conclusion
The implementation of education did not result in lasting changes in ASB management. Our study suggests that future systemic solutions are necessary to reduce the incidence of treated ASB in the geriatric population.
Application of selection indices in the context of the winter wheat breeding program
Authors: Batashova M. Ye. , Tyshchenko V. M. , Dubenets M. V. , Shapochka O. M. 
Published: November 2020

Aim. The aim of this study is to analyze breeding progress using indices as ratios of quantitative traits, based on long-term data analysis of plant quantitative parameters that directly or indirectly affect the productivity of varieties and breeding lines. Methods. Long-term data of structural analysis of plants of wheat varieties and lines of winter Poltava breeding for 2000-2018 for a number of quantitative traits, harvest index and attraction index were taken as material for the study. Statistica 7 was used for statistical data processing. Results. A significant increase of the harvest index under the pressure of selection for the period 2000-2018 is shown. In the early breeding stages during the selection by attraction index, it is necessary to adhere to the limits of oscillation of this index, set by the breeder in accordance with their model of variety, eliminating genotypes with sharp fluctuations in the value of this index. Conclusions. In breeding programs, in order to improve the productivity of winter wheat, it is recommended to select by attraction index in early stages of breeding, to form groups of lines with attraction index of greater than one, to search for lines with the maximum value of the harvest index, to select breeding nurseries for high seed productivity, paying particular attention to the strength of the stem.
Keywords: winter wheat, selection indices, harvest index, attraction index, traits.
PCR-identification of bacteria belonging to the genus Pectobacterium – agents of cucumber soft rot and wilting in Ukraine
Authors: Dankevych L. A. 
Published: November 2020

Aim. Correct species identification of isolated Pectobacterium sp., collection «E. toxica» strains and typical representatives of some species of the genus Pectobacterium and Dickeya via PCR for individual species-specific regions of their genome. Methods. Microbiological and molecular genetic (PCR) methods Results. A specific PCR product of size 434 bp was amplified in the genome of isolated Pectobacterium sp., collection «E. toxica» and typical P. carotovorum susp. carotovorum UKM B1075T and P. atrosepticum UKM B-1084T strains. The 690 bp DNA fragment was detected solely in the genome of the typical P. atrosepticum UKM B-1084T strain and absent in strains which are agents of cucumber soft rot and wilting and a typical P. carotovorum susp. carotovorum UKM B1075T strain. Conclusions. PCR detection of specific DNA fragments allowed us to finally clarify the species status of the causative agent of cucumber soft rot and wilting and attribute it to P. carotovorum.
Keywords: identification, causative agent of cucumber soft rot and wilting.
Selection-genetic features of spring barley varieties in a system of diallel crosses
Authors: Kozachenko M. R. , Zuieva K. V. , Vasko N. I. , Solonechny P. M. , Sviatchenko S. I. 
Published: November 2020

Aim. Establishment of breeding-genetic features of spring barley varieties, their parentals components and hybrids generated via diallel crossing scheme and the efficiency of creating new source material for the crop breeding on their basis. Methods. Breeding and genetic. Statistical (variance, variational, correlation). Responsive. Path analysis. Genetic analyses. Results. Establishing the features of morphological and biological indicators, the level of adaptability, variability, correlation, path analysis, inheritance, combining ability on the basis of varieties and their parent components of spring barley. As a result of the research, the breeding value of varieties as sources of valuable traits was determined and a new source material and a variety of spring barley were created. Conclusions. Selection-genetic features of quantitative traits of spring barley varieties and their parental components have been established. Varieties as sources of valuable traits have been identified. Valuable lines have been created as source material for breeding, as well as barley variety.
Keywords: barley, morpho-biological and genetic features of characters, breeding value, line, variety.
Use of chinese hazel (Corylus chinese French.) in hazelnut breeding (Corylus domestica Kos. st Opal.)
Authors: Kosenko I. S. , Opalko A. I. , Balabak O. A. , Opalko O. A. 
Published: November 2020

Aim. The need to improve the domestic assortment of hazelnuts and encouraging results obtained due to the involvement of Chinese hazel Corylus chinensis Franch. in hybridization with the best of its cultivars, prompted the research. Methods. The hybridization program included the most adapted to the conditions of Ukraine domestic and foreign cultivars of hazelnuts, as well as pollinators from natural populations of Corylus avellana L. and Corylus chinensis. Isolation of maternal and collection of pollen from paternal components of crossing was made using standard methods. Pollination was made by blowing pollen into bags with a medical insufflator MO-03 with a special needle (without removing the bag) and after 2–3 days, the pollination was repeated. Hybrid nuts were sown in autumn with wrappers without stratification. Other operations for growing seedlings and further maintenance were performed according to the standard methods. Results. Sufficiently high levels of fruit binding in variants with C. avellana pollen confirm the genetic proximity of the studied cultivars to this species, and the indicators from pollination by C. chinensis were 3–5 times lower. They confirm the remoteness of Chinese hazel from the modern cultivar assortment, but they make it possible to use this species in the hazelnut breeding. Thanks to this, a valuable material was created from which a new cultivar Sofiyvsky 15 was selected. It entered fruiting in the third year after crossing and combines high potential productivity with adaptability, a spherical shape of the fruit and a high content of raw protein and oil in them. Conclusions. The ‘Sofiyivsky 15’ has significantly exceeded the ‘Halle’ and the conditional standard due to its adaptability, quickness, processability and quality of nuts. It can be recommended for wide introduction in farms of all agro-climatic zones of Ukraine.
Keywords: Corylus chinensis Franch., Corylus spp., cultivar Sofiyivsky 15, hazelnut hybrids, hybrid orchard, interspecific crossing.
The influence of foliar nutrition with urea in different phases of wheat development on grain protein content
Authors: Sheheda I. M. , Sandetska N. V. 
Published: November 2020

Aim. The effect of foliar urea nutrition on grain yield, protein, total protein harvest, and nitrogen content in the grain per spike in winter wheat plants of different varieties was studied. Methods. In the field experiment plants of six different bread winter wheat varieties were fertilized with urea in different ways: 1) control; 2) foliar nutrition with urea at the end of anthesis with a dose of 7 kg N / ha; 3) foliar nutrition with urea in the phase of late milk development. Results. It was found that after nutrition in the first period the yield increased by 7-11%, while after nutrition in the second period it remained practically unchanged in comparison with the control. The applied dose of nitrogen did not have a significant effect on the protein content. Grain productivity increased without reducing protein content in this case, and there was no negative correlation between these indicators. As a result, grain protein content was significantly increased in all varieties. Natalka had the highest indicator, due to the best combination of protein content and yield. The calculations of the increase in nitrogen content in the grain per spike at the end of anthesis showed that it was significantly higher than the out-of-root dose. Conclusions. Thus, it has been shown that foliar nutrition of wheat with urea at the end of anthesis is advisable for increase of protein harvest with the crop. This measure stimulates the functional activity of plants, promotes efficiency of nitrogen utilization.
Keywords: nitrogen, grain protein, yield, winter wheat, foliar nutrition.
Genetic aspects of lactase persistence in different ethnic groups
Authors: Borozenets V. V. , Babalian V. O. , Fedota O. M. 
Published: November 2020

Aim. The aim of this study was evaluation of the genetic aspects of lactase persistence (LP) in persons from different ethnic groups. Methods. Genealogical and medical information was collected about Ukrainian, Indian, Nigerian, Israel, Egypt, Palestine, Turkey, Jordan students (n=361) and their first degree relatives (n=413). Statistical analysis was carried out by Shapiro-Wilk test, χ2, Spearman correlation. Results. The phenotype of LP was found in 69.9 % of Ukrainians, lactose intolerance - in 7.2 %. The highest LP is observed in 95.2 % of Nigerians, the lowest - Palestinians, 51.9 %. Analysis in all ethnic groups showed that the number of LP people is less among parents than among students (r = - 0.529, p <0.05). The LP score is 72.7 - 95.2 % among Nigerian, Israeli, Egyptian, Turkish, Indian students, and 60 - 76.5 % among their parents. The LP phenotype is 50 – 68.8 % and 53.9 – 70.9 % among Ukrainian, Palestinian Jordanian students and their parents. It is likely that adult-type hypolactasia may appear after 20 years and older, indicating a high degree of heterozygosity. The highest number of persons with first exogamy degree is 82.6-85.5 % among Turks, Palestinians, Egyptians and the lowest value of LP phenotype is observed in these groups - 51.9 - 72.3 %, (r = – 0.786, p<0.05). A positive correlation is determined between the traits of hypolactasia and first degree of parents exogamy (r = 0.905, p<0.05). The changes in metabolic status with age could be a predictor for multifactorial pathology. Conclusions. Adult hypolactasia is an age-dependent trait. Relations between the parameters of LP and the origin were established.
Keywords: lactase persistence, lactose intolerance, exogamy, genotypes.
Screening cultivars of soybean, contrasting for rapidity maturity, of the degree for heat- and drought resistance, in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Avksentieva O. O. 
Published: November 2020

Aim. Screening for complex heat and drought resistance in varieties of soybeans that differ for maturity in growing experiences and in vitro culture. Methods. To create the conditions of "artificial drought" experimental seedlings and calluses with the addition of 10% mannitol solution were cultured, heat resistance analysis out under the influence of temperature shock (60 ° C) of different duration (10-30 minutes) was carried. Drought and heat resistance by rapid analysis of seed germination and growth inhibition were determined, and in vitro by growth index (RI) and protein coagulation temperature (PCT). Results. During drought and hyperthermia tested varieties with different ripening differ in the degree of resistance to these stressors. Increased drought and heat resistance in conditions, both in vivo and in vitro middle-matured Yatran and middle-early Ustya, lowered – ultra-ripe Anushka were showed. The ripening Hajibey variety the lowest level of complex drought and heat resistance was characterized. Conclusions. It is assumed that the level of drought and heat resistance is determined by the genotypic characteristics of the varieties and may be related to the sign of the duration of the growing season – rapidity of maturity.
Keywords: Glycine max (L.) Merr., duration of growing season, drought resistance, heat resistance, callus culture.
Canopy assimilation surface and yield of winter wheat varieties under atypical weather conditions
Authors: Morgun V. V. , Pryadkina G. O. , Stasik O. O. , Zborivska O. V. 
Published: November 2020

Aim. Comparative analysis of the traits of the assimilation surface of winter wheat varieties under unfavorable environmental conditions to evaluate its adaptive capacity. Methods. Morphometric, spectrophotometric, statistical. Results. In the field experiments under natural conditions (close to optimal in spring, arid - during the grain filling period and prolonged rainfall during a harvest), the variability of leaves chlorophyll content, the green leaves fresh matter per 1 m2 of ground and chlorophyll index in 10 modern middle-early varieties at anthesis and milky-wax ripeness were studied. Under such conditions, the difference in grain productivity between the highest and the lowest yielding varieties was about 1.6 t/ha. Positive correlation of grain productivity of winter wheat varieties with chlorophyll area index of leaves at milky-wax ripeness (r = 0.61) was established. Conclusions. It was found that the varieties with better adaptation to drought conditions during the period of grain filling had a higher area of assimilation surface at anthesis and milky-wax ripeness. Therefore, their higher yield was related to the higher photosynthetic capacity and the ability to storage and remobilization of carbohydrates deposited in the stem as well as to the efficiency of converting total biomass into grain yield (HI).
Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., grain productivity, chlorophyll area index of leaves.