bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bionomics ofScolytus schevyrewi(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Veilleux Jonathan , Ross Fiona , Holliday Neil J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe invasive alienScolytus schevyrewiSemenov (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) was detected in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada, in 2007. BecauseS. schevyrewiis a potential vector of the Dutch elm disease pathogen (Ophiostomanovo-ulmiBrasier; Fungi: Ophiostomataceae), the natural history of the beetle was studied from 2009 to 2012 in the two provinces, where the disease is managed to protectUlmus americanaLinnaeus (Ulmaceae). Typically, healthy trees become infected when their xylem is contacted during feeding by spore-bearing scolytine adults that have flown from a diseased tree; adults emerging from brood galleries in diseased trees frequently carry spores. We caught flyingS. schevyrewiadults from May to October; adults were weakly attracted to healthyUlmusLinnaeus but were strongly attracted toUlmus pumilaLinnaeus stressed by girdling.Scolytus schevrewicolonised and completed development in girdled trees and trap logs ofU. pumila. In contrast to other studies,U. americana– the major source of pathogen spores in the area – was never colonised as a brood host. Our results suggest thatS. schevyrewiwill primarily useU. pumila, which, in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, seldom exhibits symptoms of Dutch elm disease. Thus, arrival ofS. schevyrewidoes not appear to require changes to Dutch elm disease management programmes.
A self-designed liver circle for on-demand Pringle's manoeuver in laparoscopic liver resection
Authors: Gao Zhenzhen , Li Zhiwei , Zhou Bo , Chen Lifeng , Shen Zhenhua , Jiang Yuancong , Zheng Xiang , Xiang Jie , Zhang Qiyi , Wang Weilin , Yan Sheng 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) allows minimal incisions and relatively quicker post-operative recovery, while intraoperative massive haemorrhage led to conversion to laparotomy. This study aimed to introduce a new, safe and convenient device to serve as Pringle's manoeuver according to the demand in LLR.

Methods:
A liver circle consisting of a hole and a round stem with an obtuse small head was made by medical silica gel. It was applied in LLR to perform on-demand Pringle's manoeuver and developed its function in inferior vena cava (IVC) occlusion. The time of performing Pringle's manoeuver by liver circle, extracorporeal tourniquet and endo intestinal clip under laparoscopic simulator and LLR was compared.

Results:
The liver circle was successfully applied to perform Pringle's manoeuver, IVC exposure and occlusion. It took less time in the occluding step of Pringle's manoeuver than the extracorporeal tourniquet (4.15 ± 0.35 s vs. 9.90 ± 1.15 s, P < 0.05) and the endo intestinal clip (4.15 ± 0.35 s vs. 47.91 ± 3.98 s, P < 0.05) under LLR. The total manipulating time for Pringle's manoeuver with liver circle remained the shortest, and the advantages were more obvious with increased frequencies of intermittent Pringle's manoeuver.

Conclusion:
The new-designed liver circle is more convenient compared to other techniques in performing Pringle's manoeuver, especially the intermittent Pringle's manoeuver in LLR. It can be used to perform on-demand hepatic blood inflow occlusion in every LLR by pre-circling the hepatoduodenal ligament to control bleeding during surgery. It can also be applied to expose the surgical field of vision and perform IVC occlusion to reduce intraoperative blood loss.
A comparison of renal vascular control techniques during laparoscopic nephrectomy
Authors: Koc Gokhan , Ekin Gokhan Rahmi , Ergani Batuhan , Ilbey Yusuf Ozlem 
Published: March 2020

Background:
We compared outcomes of en bloc stapler ligation of the renal hilum with separate Hem-o-lok polymer clip ligation of the renal vessels during laparoscopic nephrectomy (LN).

Materials and Methods:
Clinical data of patients who underwent LN for renal surgery from January 2009 to December 2015 were collected. Operation time, estimated blood loss, device malfunction rate, open conversion rate, complications and arteriovenous fistula (AVF) formation were evaluated.

Results:

En bloc stapler ligation and separate clip ligation were performed in 64 and 66 patients, respectively. The mean operative time was 106.8 ± 20.8 min (range: 70–165) in the en bloc stapler ligation group compared with 112.5 ± 24.1 min (range: 70–180) in the separate clip ligation group (P = 0.147). The mean estimated blood loss was 141.4 ± 124.1 ml (range: 25–600) in the en bloc stapler ligation group compared with 147.6 ± 112.4 ml (range: 25–450) in the separate clip ligation group (P = 0.767). The open conversion was required in 7/64 (10.9%) and 2/66 (3.0%) patients in the en bloc stapler ligation and separate clip ligation groups, respectively (P = 0.093). Stapler device malfunction occurred in 6 patients (9.3%). There were no statistically significant differences in overall complications (P = 0.726), minor (Grade 1–2) complications (P = 0.698) and major (Grade 3–5) complications (P = 0.716). No patient was diagnosed with AVF formation during overall median 33-month (interquartile range: 30, range: 24–96) follow-up.

Conclusions:

En bloc stapler ligation of the renal hilum during nephrectomy is an effective and safe technique. Although there is no reported AVF formation with en bloc stapler ligation of the renal hilum, longer follow-up is necessary.
El trazado de la elipse en la pintura hasta Caravaggio
Authors: Fraga Fernando , Amado Lorenzo Antonio , Amado Lorenzo Antonio , Colón Alonso Marta , Colón Alonso Marta 
Published: March 2020

<p>El círculo está presente en infinidad de elementos de nuestro entorno. Debido a que, visto en perspectiva, es percibido por el ojo como una elipse perfecta, no es descabellado afirmar que esta última es la curva más frecuente en la arquitectura, el arte o la ingeniería. Además, a diferencia de otras formas geométricas simples, su trazado, aún con la ayuda de herramientas como compases o plantillas, conlleva una complejidad importante. Repasar la innumerable cantidad de elipses dibujadas y pintadas desde la antigüedad, confirma que hacerlo con exactitud, a mano alzada, es prácticamente imposible. El artículo estudia la problemática del trazado de la elipse en el arte occidental hasta el siglo xvii. Se parte de la experiencia de Giotto y de los estudios acerca de las cónicas de Durero, para analizar posteriormente cómo una selección representativa de pintores (Campin, Leonardo o Rafael) se enfrentaron a la cuestión sin conseguir resolverla, a diferencia de Caravaggio quien, de alguna manera, lo soluciona (Figs. 1 y 2).</p>
La geometría esférica en la composición arquitectónica. Retos suscitados en la identificación de su forma y función
Authors: Salmerón Nuñez Juan M. , García Sánchez Rafael 
Published: March 2020

<span>El espacio arquitectónico al que da lugar el uso de la geometría esférica, posee una destacada carga simbólica. Prueba de ello es que a lo largo de la historia ha sido utilizada en las más notables composiciones arquitectónicas. Sin embargo, en su materialización plantea dificultades geométricas, programáticas<span> </span>y de ejecución. En particular se abordan los retos suscitados por esta apuesta compositiva, indagando el alcance que provoca la identificación entre forma y función. Destacamos su fuerte vinculación a programas monofuncionales. Se muestra, singularmente eficaz desde tiempos antiguos, para lugares de culto, espectáculos en recintos cubiertos, y más recientemente, la divulgación científica de la astronomía. Asimismo, se constatan las ventajas que ha supuesto el uso de nuevos materiales para una mejor identificación formal.</span>
Evolución técnica y de traza de las escaleras de patio tardomedievales
Authors: Navarro Camallonga Pablo 
Published: March 2020

<p>Dentro del ideario de la cantería española, las escaleras representan uno de los tipos más codificados. En el ámbito del gótico meridional, aparecen hacia los siglos xii y xiii los primeros ejemplos de tramos, localizados en patios de casas nobles. Estas se sustentan en arcos, y entre los siglos xiv - xvi, se produce un complejo proceso evolutivo que desemboca, ya en el siglo xvi, en la escalera de caja (Fig. 1).</p><p>El artículo plantea una reflexión sobre esta evolución, no tanto por cronología, sino por características arquitectónicas, constructivas, y especialmente por rasgos que definen una terminología singular en la documentación: Escaleras “capialzadas”, “engauchidas”, “encuentros en redondo”, etc. Términos que nos remiten a procesos de diseño y que van cambiando con el tiempo. En el artículo estos conceptos se sistematizan con tal de clarificar la confusión que suele producirse en este ámbito.</p>
conversando con... Patxi Mangado
Authors: Carazo Lefort Eduardo , Moral García Álvaro 
Published: March 2020

<p>Verano en España. Transitamos por los bosques exuberantes del norte de Navarra, y tras un sendero sinuoso, casi extraviados, aparecemos súbitamente en un valle amplio y luminoso, en el que se halla el Campus de Ultzama, sede de los encuentros de Verano de la Fundación Arquitectura y Sociedad, instaurada por el arquitecto Francisco Mangado, Patxi. Físicamente, la fundación está encarnada por un magnífico edificio diseñado por Patxi Mangado, que incluye un programa híbrido de deporte, cultura y vivienda. En plenos Sanfermines, el arquitecto lidera en ese remanso de paz, un workshop con estudiantes de arquitectura y algunos profesores insignes, entre los que destaca el Prizker Eduardo Souto de Moura. A pesar de sus numerosos premios y reconocimientos en el ámbito nacional e internacional, Patxi es un personaje directo y auténtico, podríamos decir que “normal” y con normalidad nos recibe en una mesa de barbacoa diseñada con tubos de acero galvanizado, en el espacioso jardín del Campus.</p>
Interpreting the Claim to Legitimate Authority: an Analysis of Joseph Raz's Objection Against Incorporating Moral Norms into Law
Authors: Peres Ramiro Ávila 
Published: March 2020

From a critical review of the literature, we analyze the incompatibility between the possibility of incorporating moral principles to the law and its authoritative nature, as argued by exclusive positivists, such as J. Raz. After presenting his argument in second section, we argue in the third section that it is incompatible with commonly accepted (even by Raz) premises of the theory of legal interpretation, or else it would lead to contradiction - unless one presupposes, within the premises, a strong version of the sources thesis (which is what Raz intends to prove). In conclusion, we return to the arguments presented, concluding with a possible difficulty for the adoption of exclusive positivism by people inside a legal practice.
Not Just Mortality and Morbidity but Also Function: Opportunities and Challenges for Occupational Therapy in the World Health Organization’s Rehabilitation 2030 Initiative
Authors: Richards Lorie Gage , Vallée Catherine 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) new focus on rehabilitation offers great opportunities for occupational therapy. Recognizing that the problems in daily function created by the aging of the world’s population and the increasing prevalence of chronic health conditions require rehabilitation to be a vital part of health systems, the World Health Organization brought a variety of stakeholders together in 2017 and 2019 to help them develop the Rehabilitation 2030 initiative. Occupational therapy was represented by the World Federation of Occupational Therapists, the American Journal of Occupational Therapy, the Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, editorial board members of several occupational therapy journals, and other occupational therapy researchers. A major challenge to meeting the goal of sufficient rehabilitation services to meet global need is the worldwide shortage of occupational therapists. This shortage can be attributed to a paucity of knowledge about occupational therapy as a health care profession, lack of understanding of the occupational therapy scope of practice, the cost of education required to become an occupational therapist, and the need for occupational therapy salaries to offset educational costs. Nonetheless, ongoing success in research and clinical outcomes will increase knowledge of the value of occupational therapy and increase the size of the profession. WHO’s focus on function is to be lauded. Yet, occupational therapists must not be content with an emphasis on function. They also need to advocate for contextual changes that eliminate barriers to participation and engagement experienced by people with disability.
Unsupervised classification of vertical profiles of dual polarization radar variables
Authors: Tiira Jussi , Moisseev Dmitri 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Vertical profiles of polarimetric radar variables can be used to identify fingerprints of snow growth processes. In order to systematically study such manifestations of precipitation processes, we have developed an unsupervised classification method. The method is based on k-means clustering of vertical profiles of polarimetric radar variables, namely reflectivity, differential reflectivity and specific differential phase. For rain events, the classification is applied to radar profiles truncated at the melting layer top. For the snowfall cases, the surface air temperature is used as an additional input parameter.
The proposed unsupervised classification was applied to 3.5 years of data collected by the Finnish Meteorological Institute Ikaalinen radar. The vertical profiles of radar variables were computed above the University of Helsinki Hyytiälä station, located 64 km east of the radar. Using these data, we show that the profiles of radar variables can be grouped into 10 and 16 classes for rainfall and snowfall events, respectively. These classes seem to capture most important snow growth and ice cloud processes. Using this classification, the main features of the precipitation formation processes, as observed in Finland, are presented.
Relation between the interannual variability in the stratospheric Rossby wave forcing and zonal mean fields suggesting an interhemispheric link in the stratosphere
Authors: Matsushita Yuki , Kado Daiki , Kohma Masashi , Sato Kaoru 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Focusing on the interannual variabilities in the zonal
mean fields and Rossby wave forcing in austral winter, an interhemispheric
coupling in the stratosphere is examined using reanalysis data: the
Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2
(MERRA-2). In the present study, the Eliassen–Palm (EP) flux divergence
averaged over the latitude and height regions of 50–30∘ S and 0.3–1 hPa, respectively, are used as a proxy of the
Rossby wave forcing, where the absolute value of the EP flux divergence is
maximized in the winter in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). The interannual
variabilities in the zonal mean temperature and zonal wind are significantly
correlated with the SH Rossby wave forcing in the stratosphere in both the
SH and Northern Hemisphere (NH). The interannual variability in the strength
of the poleward residual mean flow in the SH stratosphere is also correlated
with the strength of the wave forcing. This correlation is significant even
around the Equator at an altitude of 40 km and at NH low latitudes of 20–40 km. The temperature anomaly is consistent with this residual mean flow
anomaly. The relation between the cross-equatorial flow and the zonal mean
absolute angular momentum gradient (M‾y) is examined in the
meridional cross section. The M‾y around the Equator at the
altitude of 40 km is small when the wave forcing is strong, which provides a
pathway for the cross-equatorial residual mean flow. These results indicate
that an interhemispheric coupling is present in the stratosphere through the
meridional circulation modulated by the Rossby wave forcing.
Kinetika reaksi hidroksilasi epoksi minyak jarak pagar menggunakan katalis bentonit
Authors: Nugrahani Ratni Ariatmi , Firdaus Flora Elvistia , Widyawati Yeti , Firginia Hana , Purnama Riris 
Published: March 2020

Hydroxylation kinetics of jatropha oil epoxy using bentonite catalyst. Based on chemical properties such as fatty acid compositions and iodium value, jatropha curcas oil can potentially be applied as lubricant. Unsaturation of this oil decreases its oxidative stability. Improvement of this property may be done by chemical modification involving epoxidation and oxirane ring opening with bentonite catalyst, forming polyol by hydroxylation. The purpose of this research is to characterize the products and kinetics of the oxirane ring opening reaction. The results of chemical analysis by titration for residual oxiranes and hydroxyl formed in the reaction system, was showed using ir spectroscopy. Their effects were to reduce epoxy groups at 824-842 cm−1 and appearance of hydroxyl groups at the oh characteristic absorption peak from 3450-3800 cm−1. The oxirane number of epoxidized jatropha oil was reduced from 4.7% to 0.05% by ring opening. The kinetics of the oxirane ring opening of epoxidized jatropha curcas oil by methanol with bentonite was studied at 50, 60, and 65 oc. The oxirane ring opening analyzed by the pseudo-homogeneous approach followed a pseudo-first order kinetics. From the temperature dependence of the rate, reaction enthalpy (δh) and activation energy (δea) were found to be 8,27 kcal mol−1 and 7,63 kcal mol−1, respectively.Keywords: epoxidized jatropha curcas, hydroxyl, oxirane, bentonite, kinetic AbstrakBerdasarkan sifat-sifat komposisi asam lemak dan bilangan iodium, minyak jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas) berpotensi menjadi bahan dasar pelumas. Meskipun demikian, kandungan ikatan tidak jenuh minyak ini menurunkan kestabilan oksidasinya. Kestabilan oksidasi ini dapat diperbaiki melalui modifikasi kimiawi dengan reaksi epoksidasi yang menghilangkan ikatan rangkap. Ini dilakukan melalui reaksi hidroksilasi dengan membuka ikatan gugus oksirana epoksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkarakterisasi produk, serta mempelajari kinetika reaksi pembukaan cincin oksirana oleh metanol dengan katalis bentonit untuk membentuk poliol. Hasil analisis FTIR produk reaksi menunjukkan penurunan intensitas gugus epoksi pada bilangan gelombang 824-842 cm−1 dan munculnya gugus hidroksil pada bilangan gelombang 3450-3800 cm−1. Bilangan oksirana epoksi jarak pagar berkurang dari 4,7% menjadi 0,05% setelah pembukaan cincin. Bilangan hidroksil poliol adalah sebesar 165,77. Pengukuran kinetika pembukaan cincin pada gugus oksirana dari epoksi jarak pagar dilakukan pada 50, 60, dan 65oC. Analisis data laju reaksi yang dianalisis dengan pendekatan sistem pseudohomogen menunjukkan bahwa reaksi mengikut kinetika orde-1 semu. Dari perubahan laju reaksi terhadap temperatur diperoleh nilai entalpi reaksi dan energi aktivasi sebesar masing-masing 8,27 kkal mol-1 dan 7,63 kkal mol-1.Kata kunci: epoksi jarak pagar, hidroksil, oksirana, bentonit, kinetika
Den digitale hverdagen i et finsk klasserom etter læreplanreformen i 2014
Authors: Grüters Ruth 
Published: March 2020

Artikkelen presenterer funn fra en kasusstudie som ser på hvordan lærerne på en finsk barneskole praktisk realiserte den nye IKT-strategien i den finske læreplanen fra 2014. De sentralt gitte målene for strategien er felles for hele landet, men lokale handlingsplaner kan variere mellom kommunene. Utført i et finsktalende klasserom i Helsinki i løpet av et 3-måneders forskningsopphold høsten 2017, viser studien at den sentralt gitte IKT-strategien ble iverksatt i et pedagogisk og teknologisk miljø som var mangelfullt forberedt på de sentralt gitte kravene. Studien indikerer videre at læringen i den gitte situasjonen til syvende og sist ikke skjedde gjennom tilgangen på datamaskiner, men at den snarere var en funksjon av lærerens erfaring, ferdigheter og evne til å velge en didaktikk som er uavhengig av mulige begrensninger satt av teknologien
Nøkkelord: digital didaktikk, Finsk læreplan 2014, IKT-strategi, grunnskole
English title: The digital everyday life in a Finnish classroom after the new core curriculum reform in 2014
AbstractThis study focuses on how teachers at a Finnish primary school handled the implementation of the new ICT-strategy in Finland’s core curriculum for basic education (2014). The core curriculum provides the common ground for the municipalities varying local curricula. Undertaken in a Finnish-language primary school class in Helsinki during a three-month internship in the fall 2017, the study indicates that the central ICT-strategy is realized and completed in a technological and pedagogical environment that was not sufficiently prepared for the reform. Moreover, the study shows, learning outcome is in the final account often less a function of available computers than of the teacher’s experience, improvational skills and ability to select a didactic approach independently of possible limitations imposed by new digital learning tools.
Keywords: pedagogical practices with ICT, Finnish core curriculum 2014, ICT-strategy, primary school
Determining hypertensive patients’ beliefs towards medication and associations with medication adherence using machine learning methods
Authors: Aziz Firdaus , Malek Sorayya , Mhd Ali Adliah , Wong Mee Sieng , Mosleh Mogeeb , Milow Pozi 
Published: March 2020

Background
This study assesses the feasibility of using machine learning methods such as Random Forests (RF), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Self-Organizing Feature Maps (SOM) to identify and determine factors associated with hypertensive patients’ adherence levels. Hypertension is the medical term for systolic and diastolic blood pressure higher than 140/90 mmHg. A conventional medication adherence scale was used to identify patients’ adherence to their prescribed medication. Using machine learning applications to predict precise numeric adherence scores in hypertensive patients has not yet been reported in the literature.

Methods
Data from 160 hypertensive patients from a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, were used in this study. Variables were ranked based on their significance to adherence levels using the RF variable importance method. The backward elimination method was then performed using RF to obtain the variables significantly associated with the patients’ adherence levels. RF, SVR and ANN models were developed to predict adherence using the identified significant variables. Visualizations of the relationships between hypertensive patients’ adherence levels and variables were generated using SOM.

Result
Machine learning models constructed using the selected variables reported RMSE values of 1.42 for ANN, 1.53 for RF, and 1.55 for SVR. The accuracy of the dichotomised scores, calculated based on a percentage of correctly identified adherence values, was used as an additional model performance measure, resulting in accuracies of 65% (ANN), 78% (RF) and 79% (SVR), respectively. The Wilcoxon signed ranked test reported that there was no significant difference between the predictions of the machine learning models and the actual scores. The significant variables identified from the RF variable importance method were educational level, marital status, General Overuse, monthly income, and Specific Concern.

Conclusion
This study suggests an effective alternative to conventional methods in identifying the key variables to understand hypertensive patients’ adherence levels. This can be used as a tool to educate patients on the importance of medication in managing hypertension.