bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leih- und Zeitarbeit in der Intensivpflege
Authors: Hermes C. , Petersen-Ewert C. 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Leiharbeiter werden, meist im Sinne einer Arbeitnehmerüberlassung, zur pflegerischen Versorgung von Intensivpatienten eingesetzt. Ob bzw. wie sich Leiharbeit in der Pflege auf die Patientenversorgung auswirkt, wurde bislang kaum untersucht.

Ziel
Zweck dieser systematischen Übersichtsarbeit ist es, die verfügbaren Forschungsergebnisse über den Einsatz von Leiharbeitern in der pflegerischen Versorgung auf Intensiv- und Überwachungsstationen zu beschreiben und die potenziellen Auswirkungen auf das Patientenoutcome zusammenzufassen.

Methode
Es wurde in sieben Datenbanken mit booleschen Operatoren systematisch nach englisch- und deutschsprachigen Studien recherchiert und in Anlehnung an das PRISMA-Schema ausgewertet. Referenzen der Studien wurden ebenfalls in die Suche inkludiert und die Qualität aller eingeschlossenen Studien nach Hawker-Kriterien bewertet.

Ergebnis
Von insgesamt N = 630 gesichteten Datensätzen konnten jeweils eine qualitative und zwei quantitative Studien identifiziert und in die Auswertung einbezogen werden. Die Ergebnisse der qualitativen Studien gaben nicht signifikant an, dass Leiharbeiter zu einem schlechteren Patientenoutcome beitragen können. Die Ergebnisse der quantitativen Studien zeigten, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Auftreten von katheterassoziierten Infektionen mit dem Einsatz von Leiharbeitern steigen kann, aber eher von der Stationsgröße anhängig ist: Je zusätzlichem Bett steigt die Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine VAP um 14,8 % (95 %-CI = 1,032–1,277, p = 0,011). Allerdings konnten Tendenzen für einen Rückgang der Sepsisrate, sobald weniger Leiharbeiter (Stunden/Patient) auf der Intensivstation eingesetzt wurden, nicht bestätigt werden.

Schlussfolgerung
In den wenigen auswertbaren Studien wurden keine Hinweise dafür gefunden, dass der Einsatz von Leiharbeitern auf Intensiv- (ITS) und Überwachungsstationen (IMC) einen signifikanten Einfluss auf das Patientenoutcome hat. Es wurden allerdings Hinweise gefunden, dass individuelle Qualifikationen und die Arbeitsbedingungen einen Einfluss auf das Outcome haben. Weitere Studien sollten betrachten, welches Verhältnis von Festangestellten zu Leiharbeitern als unkritisch anzusehen ist, welche Qualifikationen temporäre Mitarbeiter vorweisen sollten und inwieweit diese überprüft werden können.
Examining the equivalence between imagery and execution within the spatial domain – Does motor imagery account for signal-dependent noise?
Authors: Roberts James W. , Wood Greg , Wakefield Caroline J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMotor imagery is suggested to be functionally equivalent to physical execution as they each utilise a common neural representation. The present study examined whether motor imagery correspondingly reflects the spatial characteristics of physically executed movements, including the signal-dependent noise that typically manifests in more variable end locations (as indicated by effective target width; We). Participants executed or imagined a single, upper-limb target-directed aim in the horizontal medio-lateral direction. The start and end of the imagined movements were indexed by the lifting and lowering of the limb over the home position, respectively. Following each imagined movement, participants had to additionally estimate their imagined end location relative to the target. All the movements had to be completed at a pre-specified criterion time (400 ms, 600 ms, 800 ms). The results indicated that the We increased following a decrease in movement time for execution, but not imagery. Moreover, the total error of imagined movements was greater than the actual error of executed movements. While motor imagery may comprise a neural representation that also contributes to the execution of movements, it is unable to closely reflect the random sources of variability. This limitation of motor imagery may be attributed to the comparatively limited efferent motor signals.
Overview of chest involvement at computed tomography in children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Peng Xuehua , Guo Yu , Xiao Han , Xia Wei , Zhai Aiguo , Zhu Baiqi , Zhang Wenhan , Shao Jianbo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Chest computed tomography (CT) findings in children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been rarely reported in a comprehensive and systematic manner.

Objective
We investigated the chest CT findings in children with COVID-19, and explored the differences in these findings between symptomatic patients and asymptomatic patients.

Materials and methods
Demographic findings, clinical characteristics, duration of hospital stay and viral shedding, and chest CT findings in 201 children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) were retrospectively analyzed from January 15 to March 20, 2020, and divided into two groups: symptomatic group (n=136) and asymptomatic group (n=65). Chi-square test and Student’s t-test were used for statistical analysis.

Results
Symptomatic patients were mainly young children ≤3 years old (54/63, 86%),while asymptomatic patients were mainly children ≥ 6 years old (51/111, 46%). Fever (41%) and cough (41%) were the most common symptoms. Overall, 119/201 (59%) patients had chest CT findings, and symptomatic patients accounted for 82% (98/119). The CT findings presented as bilateral multiple lesions (60/119, 50.4%), ground-glass opacities (83/119, 70%) and/or consolidation (44/119, 37%) with a peripheral and subpleural distribution (62/83, 75%). Fifteen of 87 (7.2%) patients with lung lesions showed complete lesion absorption, and 42/87 (48%) improved within a mean of 9.1 (standard deviation [SD] 3.2) days. The mean duration of viral shedding was 8.7 (SD 4.9) days. Pleural effusion was very rare. No lymphadenopathy was found in either group.

Conclusion
Symptoms associated with pulmonary involvement were most common in infants and young children. The lung lesions of most patients were absorbed and improved in about 9 days.
Modular timer networks: abdominal interneurons controlling the chirp and pulse pattern in a cricket calling song
Authors: Jacob Pedro F. , Hedwig Berthold 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChirping male crickets combine a 30 Hz pulse pattern with a 3 Hz chirp pattern to drive the rhythmic opening-closing movements of the front wings for sound production. Lesion experiments suggest two coupled modular timer-networks located along the chain of abdominal ganglia, a network in A3 and A4 generating the pulse pattern, and a network organized along with ganglia A4–A6 controlling the generation of the chirp rhythm. We analyzed neurons of the timer-networks and their synaptic connections by intracellular recordings and staining. We identified neurons spiking in phase with the chirps and pulses, or that are inhibited during the chirps. Neurons share a similar “gestalt”, regarding the position of the cell body, the dendritic arborizations and the contralateral ascending axon. Activating neurons of the pulse-timer network elicits ongoing motor activity driving the generation of pulses; this activity is not structured in the chirp pattern. Activating neurons of the chirp-timer network excites pulse-timer neurons; it drives the generation of chirps and during the chirps the pulse pattern is produced. Our results support the hypothesis that two modular networks along the abdominal ganglion chain control the cricket calling song, a pattern generating network in the mesothoracic ganglion may not be required.
Associations between depressive complaints and indicators of labour participation among older Dutch employees: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Jennen Jacqueline G. M. , Jansen N. W. H. , van Amelsvoort L. G. P. M. , Slangen J. J. M. , Kant I. J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
European policy measures have led to an increased net labour participation of older employees. Yet, via different routes (for instance disability schemes) employees still often leave the labour market early. Mental health may be an important factor hindering labour participation. Aims of this study are twofold: first, to examine the relationship between mental health—particularly depressive complaints—and indicators of labour participation among older employees over a 2-year follow-up period and second, to explore the impact of different work contexts when studying this relation.

Methods
A subsample of older employees (aged > 45 years; n = 1253) from the Maastricht Cohort Study was studied. Depressive complaints were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale. Logistic and Cox regression analyses covered 2 years of follow-up and were also stratified for relevant work-related factors.

Results
Employees with mild depressive complaints showed statistically significantly higher risks for poor mental workability (HR 2.60, 95% CI 1.14–5.92) and high psychological disengagement levels (HR 2.35, 95% CI 1.21–4.57) over time compared to employees without depressive complaints. Within various work contexts, for instance in which employees perform physically demanding work or have high psychological job demands, significantly stronger associations were found between depressive complaints and poor mental workability over time.

Conclusions
This study shows strong longitudinal associations between depressive complaints and indicators of labour participation, also within different work contexts over time. Results provide valuable input for developing preventive measure aiming to enhance sustainable labour participation of older employees.
Structural evolution of granular systems: theory
Authors: Wanjura Clara C. , Gago Paula , Matsushima Takashi , Blumenfeld Raphael 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A general theory is developed for the evolution of the cell order (CO) distribution in planar granular systems. Dynamic equations are constructed and solved in closed form for several examples: systems under compression; dilation of very dense systems; and the general approach to steady state. We find that all the steady states are stable and that they satisfy a detailed balance-like condition when the CO$$\,\le 6$$

≤
6

. Illustrative numerical solutions of the evolution are shown. Our theoretical results are validated against an extensive simulation of a sheared system. The formalism can be readily extended to other structural characteristics, paving the way to a general theory of structural organisation of granular systems.

Graphic abstract
Managing a gastrointestinal oncology practice in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic: single institutional experience in The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research
Authors: Takahari Daisuke , Shinozaki Eiji , Wakatsuki Takeru , Ooki Akira , Ozaka Masato , Suzuki Takeshi , Nakayama Izuma , Osumi Hiroki , Kamiimabeppu Daisaku , Sato Taro , Ogura Mariko , Suenaga Mitsukuni , Chin Keisho , Yamaguchi Kensei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared to be a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. On April 7, 2020, a state of emergency was declared in Japan, as had been by other nations worldwide. This unprecedented crisis has profound implications for patients undergoing chemotherapy and for practicing healthcare professionals. Various reports have shown data indicating that cancer patients with COVID-19 have high morbidity and mortality rates. In order to reduce the use of medical resources to avoid the risk of COVID-19 infections in both cancer patients and health care providers, oncologists now have to draw the line for cancer treatments by maintaining their efficacy while avoiding severe adverse events. In this article, we outlined the decisions made regarding the practice of gastrointestinal oncology in our institution during the COVID pandemic.
A systematic literature review of cross-domain model consistency checking by model management tools
Authors: Torres Weslley , van den Brand Mark G. J. , Serebrenik Alexander 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjective The goal of this study is to identify gaps and challenges related to cross-domain model management focusing on consistency checking. Method We conducted a systematic literature review. We used the keyword-based search on Google Scholar, and we identified 618 potentially relevant studies; after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 96 papers were selected for further analysis. Results The main findings/contributions are: (i) a list of available tools used to support model management; (ii) 40% of the tools can provide consistency checking on models of different domains and 25% on models of the same domain, and 35% do not provide any consistency checking; (iii) available strategies to keep the consistency between models of different domains are not mature enough; (iv) most of the tools that provide consistency checking on models of different domains can only capture up to two inconsistency types; (v) the main challenges associated with tools that manage models on different domains are related to interoperability between tools and the consistency maintenance. Conclusion The results presented in this study can be used to guide new research on maintaining the consistency between models of different domains. Example of further research is to investigate how to capture the Behavioral and Refinement inconsistency types. This study also indicates that the tools should be improved in order to address, for example, more kinds of consistency check.
The Use of Angiotensin II for the Treatment of Post-cardiopulmonary Bypass Vasoplegia
Authors: Papazisi Olga , Palmen Meindert , Danser A. H. Jan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeVasoplegia is a common complication after cardiac surgery and is related to the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Despite its association with increased morbidity and mortality, no consensus exists in terms of its treatment. In December 2017, angiotensin II (AII) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in vasodilatory shock; however, except for the ATHOS-3 trial, its use in vasoplegic patients that underwent cardiac surgery on CPB has mainly been reported in case reports. Thus, the aim of this review is to collect all the clinically relevant data and describe the pharmacologic mechanism, efficacy, and safety of this novel pharmacologic agent for the treatment of refractory vasoplegia in this population.MethodsTwo independent reviewers performed a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library using relevant MeSH terms (Angiotensin II, Vasoplegia, Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Cardiac Surgical Procedures).ResultsThe literature search yielded 820 unique articles. In total, 9 studies were included. Of those, 2 were randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and 6 were case reports and 1 was a retrospective cohort study.ConclusionsAII appears to be a promising means of treatment for patients with post-operative vasoplegia. It is demonstrated to be effective in raising blood pressure, while no major adverse events have been reported. It remains uncertain whether this agent will be broadly available and whether it will be more advantageous in the clinical management of vasoplegia compared to other available vasopressors. For that reason, we should contain our eagerness and enthusiasm regarding its use until supplementary knowledge becomes available.
Evolution equations for a wide range of Einstein-matter systems
Authors: Normann M. , Valiente Kroon J. A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe use an orthonormal frame approach to provide a general framework for the first order hyperbolic reduction of the Einstein equations coupled to a fairly generic class of matter models. Our analysis covers the special cases of dust and perfect fluid. We also provide a discussion of self-gravitating elastic matter. The frame is Fermi–Walker propagated and coordinates are chosen such as to satisfy the Lagrange condition. We show the propagation of the constraints of the Einstein-matter system.
Electrospun cotton–wool-like silica/gelatin hybrids with covalent coupling
Authors: Nelson Maria , Tallia Francesca , Page Samuel J. , Hanna John V. , Fujita Yuki , Obata Akiko , Kasuga Toshihiro , Jones Julian R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInorganic/organic sol–gel hybrids consist of co-networks of inorganic and organic components that can lead to unique properties, compared to conventional composites, especially when there is covalent bonding between the networks. The aim here was to develop new electrospun silica/gelatin sol–gel hybrids, with covalent coupling and unique 3D cotton–wool-like morphology for application as regenerative medicine scaffolds. Covalent coupling is critical for obtaining sustained dissolution of the fibres and we identified the sol–gel synthesis conditions needed for coupling within the electrospun fibres. Under carefully controlled conditions, such as constant humidity, we investigated the effect of the electrospinning process variables of sol viscosity (and aging time) and amount of coupling agent on the 3D morphology of the fibres, their structure (bonding) and dissolution, identifying a detailed optimised protocol for fibre scaffold production.
From facilitation to competition: the effect of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) on the growth performance of four poplar-hybrids (Populus spp.) in mixed short rotation coppice
Authors: Rebola-Lichtenberg Jessica , Streit Juliane , Schall Peter , Ammer Christian , Seidel Dominik 
Published: October 2020

AbstractShort rotation coppices play an important role in providing biomass for energetic use. Mixing fast-growing tree species in short rotation coppices may show complementarity effects and increased yield. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of species interaction in mixed short rotation coppices with fast-growingPopulusspp.-hybrids and the N-fixingRobinia pseudoacacia. Four differentPopulus-hybrids (AF2, Fritzi Pauley, Hybride 275 and Max 1), planted alternately in pure and mixed stands withR. pseudoacaciawere used for the analysis. Height and root collar diameter were measured once a year, over a period of four years (2014–2017). Additionally, in the third year, aboveground competition was surveyed with a terrestrial laser scanner and root biomass was analyzed to assess belowground competition. Soil nitrogen was also determined in order to verify enrichment properties of mixtures compared to pure stands.Populus-hybrids’ stem volume showed no significant differences between stand types in the first year after planting. In the second and third year, however, twoPopulus-hybrids (AF2 and Max 1) had a higher stem volume increment of up to 3.8 times than stem volume increment in pure stands. This may be related to the fact that soil nitrogen was 39% higher in the mixtures than in pure stands. However, in the 4th year after stand establishment,R. pseudoacacia’scrowns were so massive and broad, that this species was far more competitive than thePopulus-hybrids. With the exception ofP.‘Fritzi Pauley’, which showed no significant differences between stand types, growth rates reversed for the other threePopulus-hybrids. AF2, Max 1 and Hybride 275 showed up to 75% lower stem volume increment in mixtures compared to pure stands. We assume that, in spite of the initially observed facilitation between the species, the competition exerted byR. pseudoacaciastarted dominating after 4 years and began to surpass the benefits of facilitation.
The utility of the implementation science framework “Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services” (i-PARIHS) and the facilitator role for introducing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in a medical oncology outpatient department
Authors: Roberts Natasha A. , Janda Monika , Stover Angela M. , Alexander Kimberly E. , Wyld David , Mudge Alison ,   the ISOQOL PROMs/PREMs in Clinical Practice Implementation Science Work Group
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeWe evaluated the utility of the implementation science framework “Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services” (i-PARIHS) for introducing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) into a medical oncology outpatient department. The i-PARIHS framework identifies four core constructs for implementation, including Facilitation, Innovation, Context and Recipients.MethodsA pilot study used the i-PARIHS framework to identify PROM implementation barriers and enablers to inform facilitation support strategies, such as training clinicians and staff, workflow support, technical support and audit and feedback. Pre- and post-implementation surveys were completed by 83 and 72 staff, respectively, (nurses, doctors and allied health), to assess perceived knowledge, enablers, barriers and utility of PROMs; and acceptability of the PROM intervention was also assessed post-implementation.ResultsImportant barriers included time constraints and previous experiences with technology. Enablers included good leadership support and a culture of learning. Facilitation strategies were used to overcome barriers identified in the i-PARIHS core domains. Compared to before the intervention, staff surveys showed improvement in perceived usefulness, perceived understanding and interpretation skills for PROMs. Staff perceptions about lack of time to use PROMs during visits remained a major perceived barrier post-implementation.ConclusionThe i-PARIHS framework was useful for guiding the implementation of PROMs in routine oncology care. The four core i-PARIHS constructs (Facilitation, Innovation, Context and Recipients) identified factors that directly impacted implementation, with Facilitation having a particularly important role to overcome these barriers. Oncology clinics and health systems considering implementing PROMs should consider having a dedicated Facilitator available during PROM implementation.
Die Inanspruchnahme von präventiven Angeboten durch Migrantinnen und Migranten mit glücksspielspezifischen Problemen
Authors: Lischer Suzanne 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ausgangslage
Personen mit Migrationshintergrund nehmen keineswegs öfter an Glücksspielen teil als die einheimische Bevölkerung, es ist aber wahrscheinlich, dass eine gleich häufige Teilnahme an Glücksspielen eher zu glücksspielbedingten Problemen führt.

Zielsetzung
Es wird untersucht, welche Zugangsbarrieren für Migrantinnen und Migranten mit glücksspielbedingten Problemen in Bezug auf die Inanspruchnahme von präventiven Angeboten bestehen und mit welchen Strategien die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Inanspruchnahme ebendieser Angebote erhöht werden kann.

Methode
Die narrative Literaturrecherche umfasst Studien und Übersichtsartikel, die zwischen 2014 und 2019 publiziert wurden.

Ergebnisse
Faktoren, welche Zugangsbarrieren darstellen können, sind Scham, die Angst vor Stigmatisierung und der Wunsch, das Problem selber oder im Kreis der Familie zu lösen. Hinzu kommt, dass glücksspielbedingte Probleme nicht mit Sucht assoziiert werden. Neben sprachlichen Problemen stellen die mangelnde Vertrautheit mit dem Gesundheitssystem sowie das fehlende Verständnis für die angewendeten Konzepte Hürden dar. Vielerorts lässt sich zudem eine mangelhafte Abstimmung des Gesundheitssystems auf die Bedürfnisse der Migrantinnen und Migranten feststellen. Um die Hürden gegenüber präventiven Angeboten zur Reduktion glücksspielbedingter Probleme zu senken, bedarf es eines stärkeren Einbezugs der anvisierten Zielgruppe.

Schlussfolgerungen
In Anlehnung an die Ottawa-Charta müssen partizipative Ansätze weiterentwickelt werden. Je frühzeitiger die Zielgruppen an der Problemdefinition und an der Gestaltung der präventiven Angebote partizipieren, desto niedriger sind die Barrieren, die der Inanspruchnahme dieser Angebote und einer Veränderung von gesundheitsbezogenen Verhaltensweisen entgegenstehen.