bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic treatment of diffuse peritonitis for ileocolic anastomotic leak following totally laparoscopic right hemicolectomy
Authors: Mari Giulio , Achilli Pietro , Crippa Jacopo , Cordaro Giuseppe , Berardi Valter , Di Fratta Emanuele , Maggioni Dario 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnastomotic leakage with local or diffuse peritonitis represents one of the severe complications that may occur after right hemicolectomy. Abdominal exploration through laparotomy is associated with an increased risk of surgical site infection, pain, incisional hernias, and prolonged recovery. Laparoscopic surgery is feasible for many emergency surgical conditions, but when it comes to a diffuse peritonitis due to an ileocolic anastomotic failure, surgical re‐intervention with a minimally invasive approach is rarely adopted. We report a case series of diffuse peritonitis caused by ile‐ocolic anastomotic failure after totally laparoscopic right hemicolectomy that were successfully managed by laparoscopic re‐interventions. In all the cases the anastomosis was resected and extracted, then peritoneal lavage with saline solution was performed and terminal ileostomy was fashioned in the right iliac fossa. Peritoneal lavage was repeated every 24 hours until the peritonitis was completely resolved. All the patients were successfully discharged after a median hospital stay of 13 days. Laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of anastomotic leak after right hemicolectomy was feasible and effective in our series of patients.
Differences in Sociodemographic and Alcohol‐Related Clinical Characteristics Between Treatment Seekers and Nontreatment Seekers and Their Role in Predicting Outcomes in the COMBINE Study for Alcohol Use Disorder
Authors: Haass‐Koffler Carolina L. , Piacentino Daria , Li Xiaobai , Long Victoria M. , Lee Mary R. , Swift Robert M. , Kenna George A. , Leggio Lorenzo 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundOne of the challenges in early‐stage clinical research aimed at developing novel treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD) is that the enrolled participants are heavy drinkers, but do not seek treatment for AUD.AimsTo compare nontreatment seekers with alcohol dependence (AD) from 4 human laboratory studies conducted at Brown University (N = 240; 65.4% male) to treatment seekers with AD from the multisite COMBINE study (N = 1,383; 69.1% male) across sociodemographic and alcohol‐related clinical variables and to evaluate whether the variables that significantly differentiate the 2 samples predict the 3 main COMBINE clinical outcomes: time to relapse, percent days abstinent (PDA), and good clinical outcome.MethodsSample characteristics were assessed by parametric and nonparametric testing. Three regression models measured the association between the differing variables and the 3 main COMBINE clinical outcomes.ResultsThe nontreatment seekers, compared to the treatment seekers, were more ethnically diverse, less educated, single, and working part‐time or unemployed (p’s < 0.05); they met fewer DSM‐IV AD criteria and had significantly lower scores on alcohol‐related scales (p’s < 0.05); they were less likely to have a father with alcohol problems (p < 0.0001) and had a significantly earlier age of onset and longer duration of AD (p’s < 0.05); they also had significantly more total drinks, drinks per drinking day, heavy drinking days (HDD), and lower PDA in the 30 days prior to baseline (p’s < 0.0001 to <0.05). Having more HDD in the 30 days prior to baseline predicted all of the 3 COMBINE clinical outcomes. All the other characteristics mentioned above that differed significantly between the 2 groups predicted at least 1 of the 3 COMBINE clinical outcomes, except for level of education, age of onset, and duration of AD.ConclusionsThe observed differences between groups should be considered in efforts across participant recruitment at different stages of the development of new treatments for AUD.
Dreaming “the Unspeakable”?How the Auschwitz Concentration Camp Prisoners Experienced and Understood Their Dreams
Authors: Owczarski Wojciech 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article explores the dream descriptions submitted in 1973–1974 by former Polish prisoners of the Auschwitz concentration camp in response to a questionnaire sent out by Polish psychiatrists. These descriptions are being investigated as testimonies that represent the Auschwitz inmates’ experiences commonly regarded as “unspeakable.” Not only the dream experience itself, but also the respondents’ attitudes toward and beliefs about dreams are taken into consideration in an attempt to understand the impact of the Holocaust on the survivors. Their general inability of comprehending the Auschwitz and post‐Auschwitz dreams seems to be the most important and significant aspect of their testimonies. The experience of dreams as completely strange and astonishing phenomena is being explained in this article in connection with the respondents’ ability and inability to recover from their Holocaust trauma.
Two‐year outcomes of minimally invasive XEN Gel Stent implantation in primary open‐angle and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma
Authors: Rauchegger Teresa , Angermann Reinhard , Willeit Peter , Schmid Eduard , Teuchner Barbara 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of XEN® Gel Stent implantation in the treatment of primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (XFG) regarding the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of IOP‐lowering medications over 2 years.MethodsIn this retrospective, observational, single‐centre study, patients with POAG or XFG underwent implantation of the XEN® Gel Stent with or without combined phacoemulsification. Changes in mean IOP, mean number of IOP‐lowering medications, number of postoperative interventions, complete or qualified surgical success rate (defined as IOP < 18 mmHg without or with IOP‐lowering medication, respectively) and complete surgical failure rate (defined as the necessity of a glaucoma‐related secondary surgical intervention or loss of light perception) were assessed 12 months (12M) and 24 months (24M) postoperatively.ResultsSeventy‐nine eyes of 63 patients with open‐angle glaucoma were included in the study (71% POAG, 29% XFG). Before surgery, mean IOP was 23.4 ± 7.9 mmHg. IOP was 14.6 ± 3.6 mmHg 12 months postoperatively (−31% from baseline, 95% CI −42% to −20%, n = 30, p < 0.001) and 14.8 ± 4.4 mmHg 24 months postoperatively (−29% from baseline, 95% CI −30% to −41%, n = 28, p < 0.001). Mean number of IOP‐lowering medications was significantly reduced from 2.7 ± 1.1 before surgery to 1.0 ± 1.2 (−69%, 95% CI −89% to 46%, p < 0.001) 12 months after surgery and 1.0 ± 1.2 (−64%, 95% CI −91% to −36%, p < 0.001) at 24 months after surgery. Complete surgical success was achieved in 39% (12M) and 34% (24M) of patients and qualified success in 29% (12M) and 27% (24M). 13 (16%) eyes were classified as complete surgical failure. In 62% of the patients needling procedures had to be performed.ConclusionThe XEN® Gel Stent is an efficacious minimal invasive glaucoma surgery for primary open‐angle and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma, resulting in significant reduction of IOP and a reduction in glaucoma medications from baseline in two‐third of treated patients with 2‐year follow‐up. Frequent follow‐up examinations were mandatory to identify early and late bleb failure and additional needling procedures were necessary to reestablish aqueous flow.
Effect of pineapple stem starch feeding on rumen microbial fermentation, blood lipid profile, and growth performance of fattening cattle
Authors: Khongpradit Anchalee , Boonsaen Phoompong , Homwong Nitipong , Suzuki Yutaka , Koike Satoshi , Sawanon Suriya , Kobayashi Yasuo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPineapple stem starch (PS) was evaluated for its suitability as a new starch source in concentrate for fattening cattle, based on the growth performance, blood profile, and rumen parameters of 36 steers in a 206‐day feeding study. PS was formulated as a 40% concentrate and fed with forage in comparison with ground corn (GC) and ground cassava (CA) formulated at the same level. PS feeding improved weight gain and feed conversion ratio without affecting feed intake. PS did not obviously influence blood lipid profiles throughout the experiment. Ruminal concentration of total short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) increased with PS without affecting SCFA composition throughout the feeding study. Rumen amylolytic group, especially Ruminococcus bromii, was dominant in the rumen microbial community, and showed increased abundance by PS feeding throughout the experiment. These results clearly indicate the potential of PS as a useful starch source for fattening cattle in terms of rumen fermentation and growth performance.
Use of an anti‐CD200‐blocking antibody improves immune responses to AML in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Rastogi Namrata , Baker Sarah , Man Stephen , Uger Robert A. , Wong Mark , Coles Steven J. , Hodges Marie , Gilkes Amanda F. , Knapper Steven , Darley Richard L. , Tonks Alex 
Published: September 2020

SummaryTreatment of relapsed/resistant acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) remains a significant area of unmet patient need, the outlook for most patients remaining extremely poor. A promising approach is to augment the anti‐tumour immune response in these patients; most cancers do not activate immune effector cells because they express immunosuppressive ligands. We have previously shown that CD200 (an immunosuppressive ligand) is overexpressed in AML and confers an inferior overall survival compared to CD200low/neg patients. Here we show that a fully human anti‐CD200 antibody (TTI‐CD200) can block the interaction of CD200 with its receptor and restore AML immune responses in vitro and in vivo.
Surgeon heterogeneity significantly affects functional and oncological outcomes after radical prostatectomy in the Swedish LAPPRO trial
Authors: Nyberg Martin , Sjoberg Daniel D. , Carlsson Sigrid V. , Wilderäng Ulrica , Carlsson Stefan , Stranne Johan , Wiklund Peter , Steineck Gunnar , Haglind Eva , Hugosson Jonas , Bjartell Anders 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate how surgeon heterogeneity – the variation in outcomes between individual surgeons – influences functional and oncological outcomes after robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) and retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP), and to assess whether surgeon heterogeneity affects the comparison between RALP and RRP.Patients and MethodsLaparoscopic Prostatectomy Robot Open (LAPPRO) is a prospective, controlled, non‐randomized trial performed at 14 Swedish centres with 68 operating surgeons. A total of 4003 men with localized prostate cancer were enrolled between 2008 and 2011. The endpoints were urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction (ED) and recurrence at 24 months after surgery. Logistic regression models were built to evaluate surgeon heterogeneity and, secondarily, surgeon‐specific factors were added to the models to investigate their influence on heterogeneity and the comparison between RALP and RRP.ResultsAmong surgeons who performed at least 20 surgeries during the study period (n=25), we observed statistically significant heterogeneity for incontinence (P = 0.001), ED (P < 0.001) and rate of recurrent disease (P < 0.001). The significant heterogeneity remained when analysing only experienced surgeons with a stated experience of at least 250 radical prostatectomies (n=12). Among all participating surgeons (n=68), differences in surgeon volume explained 42% of the observed heterogeneity for incontinence (P = 0.003), 11% for ED (P = 0.03) and 19% for recurrence (P = 0.01). Taking surgeon volume into account when comparing RALP and RRP had a significant impact on the results. The effect was greatest for functional outcomes, and the additional adjustments for the surgeons' previous experience changed whether the difference between techniques was statistically significant or not. The surgeons’ annual volume had the greatest effect on the recurrence rate.ConclusionsThere was a large degree of heterogeneity among surgeons regarding both functional and oncological outcomes and this had a significant impact on the results when comparing RALP and RRP. Some of the observed heterogeneity was explained by differences in surgeon volume. Efforts to decrease heterogeneity are warranted and variation among surgeons must be accounted for when conducting comparative analyses between surgical techniques.
Association between childhood asthma and attention deficit hyperactivity or autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Kaas Trine H. , Vinding Rebecca K. , Stokholm Jakob , Bønnelykke Klaus , Bisgaard Hans , Chawes Bo L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren with asthma are at risk of depression and anxiety and growing evidence suggest they may also be at risk of attention deficit hyperreactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we conducted a systematic review with meta‐analysis of studies investigating association between asthma and ADHD or ASD in children.MethodsA comprehensive search using PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases was completed in March 2019. Observational human studies published in English, clinic‐based or population‐based with a healthy comparator group, evaluating asthma‐ADHD or asthma‐ASD overlap in children 18 years or younger using categorical diagnoses (yes/no) were considered for inclusion. Random effects meta‐analysis models were used to analyse data. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate risk of bias.ResultsA total of 25 asthma‐ADHD studies were included of which 17 showed significant positive associations and one a negative association: 17/25 studies were population‐based, 19/25 were cross‐sectional or cohort studies and 7/25 had a low risk of bias. We performed a meta‐analysis of 23 of the studies, which showed a significant association between asthma and ADHD: odds ratio (OR) 1.52 (1.42‐1.63), P < .001, I2 = 60%. All studies were adjusted for age and sex and a large proportion; that is, 19/23 were further adjusted for relevant confounders. Seventeen asthma‐ASD studies were included, whereof 7 showed a positive association and 3 a negative association; 8/17 were population‐based with a cross‐sectional study design and 4/17 had a low risk of bias. We performed a meta‐analysis of 14 of the studies, which did not show a significant association between asthma and ASD: OR 1.12 (0.93‐1.34), P = .24, I2 = 89%. All studies were adjusted for age and sex and 10/14 were further adjusted for relevant confounders.ConclusionsThis systematic review with meta‐analyses shows a significant overlap between asthma and ADHD, but not between asthma and ASD in children. Clinicians taking care of children with asthma or ADHD should be aware of such association to aid an early diagnosis and treatment of such comorbidity.
Using long‐term data for a reintroduced population to empirically estimate future consequences of inbreeding
Authors: Armstrong Doug P. , Parlato Elizabeth H. , Egli Barbara , Dimond Wendy J. , Kwikkel Renske , Berggren Åsa , McCready Mhairi , Parker Kevin A. , Ewen John G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInbreeding depression is an important long‐term threat to reintroduced populations. However, the strength of inbreeding depression is difficult to estimate in wild populations because pedigree data are inevitably incomplete and because good data are needed on survival and reproduction. Predicting future population consequences is especially difficult because this also requires projecting future inbreeding levels and their impacts on long‐term population dynamics, which are subject to many uncertainties. We illustrate how such projections can be derived through Bayesian state‐space modeling methods based on a 26‐year data set for North Island Robins (Petroica longipes) reintroduced to Tiritiri Matangi Island in 1992. We used pedigree data to model increases in the average inbreeding level (F) over time based on kinship of possible breeding pairs and to estimate empirically Ne/N (effective/census population size). We used multiple imputation to model the unknown components of inbreeding coefficients, which allowed us to estimate effects of inbreeding on survival for all 1458 birds in the data set while modeling density dependence and environmental stochasticity. This modeling indicated that inbreeding reduced juvenile survival (1.83 lethal equivalents [SE 0.81]) and may have reduced subsequent adult survival (0.44 lethal equivalents [0.81]) but had no apparent effect on numbers of fledglings produced. Average inbreeding level increased to 0.10 (SE 0.001) as the population grew from 33 (0.3) to 160 (6) individuals over the 25 years, giving a ratio of 0.56 (0.01). Based on a model that also incorporated habitat regeneration, the population was projected to reach a maximum of 331–1144 birds (median 726) in 2130, then to begin a slow decline. Without inbreeding, the population would be expected stabilize at 887–1465 birds (median 1131). Such analysis, therefore, makes it possible to empirically derive the information needed for rational decisions about inbreeding management while accounting for multiple sources of uncertainty.
Testing Huston's dynamic equilibrium model along fire and forest productivity gradients using avian monitoring data
Authors: Janousek William M. , Dreitz Victoria J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimMany studies investigating the response of wildlife to disturbance focus predominantly on the effects of the disturbance alone but fail to account for the influence of ecosystem productivity in moderating the response of species and thus the resulting biodiversity patterns. We use Huston's dynamic equilibrium model (DEM) to explore the relationship between avian diversity and fire across the greater Rocky Mountain region of the western United States. This model provides the theoretical foundation to understand the distinct and interactive effects disturbance and productivity have on regulating species richness.LocationWe used avian monitoring data collected at 120 sites across Colorado, Idaho, Montana and Wyoming in the western United States from 2008 to 2016.MethodsWe used a Bayesian hierarchical multispecies occupancy model to predict species richness across fire and productivity gradients. Hierarchical models enable inference at the community and species level, accounting for imperfect detection, and providing a more accurate assessment of the ecological relationships.ResultsWe found support of the hypotheses described by the DEM Avian species richness changed little across the fire severity gradient alone, though this relationship varies considerably when including the interaction of fire and ecosystem productivity. At lower latitudes, richness is greatest at intermediate levels of fire severity and productivity following the DEM. However, as latitude increases, the productivity at which richness is greatest also increases. Mean productivity increases with latitude across the study area, and we argue the changing regional levels of ecosystem productivity alters the relationships predicted by the DEM.Main conclusionsOur results provide an important example of how relationships between richness and disturbance may be missed if viewed outside the context of other environmental factors, mainly ecosystem productivity. This highlights the importance of accounting for changing ecological context across broad spatial scales to ensure accurate assessments of disturbance–diversity relationships.
Targeting both BET and CBP/EP300 proteins with the novel dual inhibitors NEO2734 and NEO1132 leads to anti‐tumor activity in multiple myeloma
Authors: Ryan Katie R. , Giles Francis , Morgan Gareth J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTwo promising epigenetic therapeutic targets have emerged for the treatment of hematologic malignancies, BET and CBP/EP300 proteins. Several studies have shown that targeting these individual classes of proteins has anti‐tumor activity in multiple myeloma (MM), as well as other cancers. Here, we present the first data exploring the anti‐tumor activity of two novel dual inhibitors, NEO2734 and NEO1132, of both BET and CBP/EP300 proteins in MM.MethodsSixteen MM cell lines (MMCLs) were treated with the dual inhibitors NEO2734 and NEO1132, the single BET inhibitors JQ1, OTX015, IBET‐762, and IBET‐151, and a single CBP/EP300 inhibitor CPI‐637.ResultsThe dual inhibitor NEO2734 showed strong anti‐tumor activity and was consistently highly active against all MMCLs, being as potent as JQ1 and more so than other single inhibitors. NEO2734 and NEO11132 induced a significant G1 cell cycle arrest and decreased c‐MYC and IRF4 protein levels in MMCLs compared to the other single inhibitors. Sensitivity to the dual inhibitors was not dependent on a specific MM molecular subgroup but correlated with c‐MYC protein expression levels.ConclusionsThe dual inhibition of BET and CBP/EP300 has potential therapeutic benefits for patients with MM.
Authigenic anatase within 1 billion‐year‐old cells
Authors: Sirantoine Eva , Wacey David , Bischoff Karl , Saunders Martin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe siliciclastic ~1 Ga‐old strata of the Torridon Group, Scotland, contain some of the most exquisitely preserved three‐dimensional organic‐walled microfossils (OWMs) of the Precambrian. A very diverse microfossil assemblage is hosted in a dominantly phosphatic and clay mineral matrix, within the Diabaig and the Cailleach Head (CH) Formations. In this study, we report on several microfossil taxa within the CH Formation (Leiosphaeridia minutissima, Leiosphaeridia crassa, Synsphaeridium spp. and Myxococcoides spp.) that include populations of cells containing an optically transparent and highly refringent mineral, here identified using electron microscopy as anatase (TiO2). Most anatase crystals occur entirely within individual cells, surrounded by unbroken carbonaceous walls. Rarely, an anatase crystal may protrude outside a cell, interpreted to correspond to zones where the cell wall had broken down prior to anatase precipitation. Where an anatase crystal entombs an organic intracellular inclusion (ICI), the ICI is large and well preserved. These combined observations indicate that the intracellular anatase is an authigenic sedimentary phase, making this the first report of in situ precipitated anatase intimately associated with microfossils. The ability of anatase to preserve relatively large volumes of intracellular and cell wall organic material in these cells suggests that the crystallisation of anatase entombed cellular contents particularly quickly, soon after the death of the cell. This is consistent with the strong affinity of Ti for organic material, the low solubility of TiO2, and reports of Ti occurring in living organisms. With the data currently available, we propose a mineralisation pathway for anatase involving Ti complexation with organic ligands within specific cells, leading to localised post‐mortem anatase nucleation inside these cells as the complexes broke down. Further overgrowth of the anatase crystals was likely fuelled by very early diagenetic mobilisation of Ti that had been bound to more labile organic material nearby in the sediments.