bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Disclusion Time in Various Angle’s Malocclusions by T-Scan III System
Authors: Chutchalermpan Titirat , Pumklin Jittima , Piyapattamin Thosapol 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Objective The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the disclusion time (DT) in the lateral excursions and protrusion among subjects with Angle’s malocclusions using a T-Scan III system.
Materials and Methods One hundred subjects with malocclusions were divided into Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2, and Class III (n = 25 per group). All groups’ DT of each excursion was evaluated by a T-Scan III system.
Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance, followed by a post hoc test, was used to analyze the numerical data at p < 0.05.
Results In the respective malocclusions, means ± standard deviations in second(s) of the DT were 2.08 ± 0.65, 2.13 ± 0.74, 2.12 ± 0.72, and 3.19 ± 1.34 during left excursion; 2.15 ± 0.94, 2.58 ± 1.16, 2.37 ± 1.07, and 3.28 ± 1.25 during right excursion; and 1.88 ± 0.99, 2.08 ± 1.11, 2.07 ± 0.68, and 3.01 ± 1.53 during protrusion. When compared to Class I and Class II malocclusions, Class III showed a significantly higher mean DT of each excursion (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Class III had the significantly highest mean DT of each excursion and the significantly longest DT in all excursions.
Caroticocavernous Fistulae: Clinical Presentation, Imaging, and Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Khera Pushpinder S. , Garg Pawan K. , Tiwari Sarbesh , Sureka Binit , Yadav Taruna , Purkayastha Sukalyan , Bhaskar Suryanarayanan , Bhatia Pradeep , Morya Arvind 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCaroticocavernous fistulas (CCFs) occur due to an abnormal communication between the high-pressure carotid artery system and the relatively lower pressure cavernous sinus system. They present with dramatic clinical presentations comprising among other things a swollen red eye with associated loss of vision to a varying degree. Blunt trauma sustained to the head, especially by two-wheeler riders, is the most common cause of the direct CCF and hence a practicing interventional radiologist in a developing country is very likely to encounter this entity in clinical practice. The authors intend to present a pictorial essay of the clinical presentations, imaging findings, endovascular management, and clinical follow-up for CCFs.
Cryodehydration Technique Applied to Anatomical Segments
Authors: Teixeira Filho Althen , Schäfer Bárbara Tavares , Vives Patrícia Silva 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Introduction The present study describes a variation of the cryodehydration technique, applied to prepare biological tissues by repetitions of section freezing and thawing (SFT). First developed for muscles and then viscera, the aim of this process as presented here is to obtain anatomical segments to be used in anatomy classes, general exhibitions and museums.
Materials and Methods The animal, previously fixed in 10% formalin, must be frozen and then sectioned in longitudinal, transverse and horizontal slices of the body-axis. It has two steps: the “burning phase,” in which ice crystal formation and water dilatation cause micro ruptures in the tissue; and the “dehydration phase,” developed to dry out the slices segments slowly and, at the same time, to impregnate tissues with wood glue.
Results The obtained slices present several advantages, such as being dry segments, of light weight, and being rapidly used, easily stored and promptly studied. Also, it is possible to study the different organs of one segment and, by apposition, remount an entire animal, enabling a dynamic study.
Conclusion This very simple and inexpensive technique produces anatomical preparations with high durability and resistance, which are very helpful in practical and theoretical classes.
Intraoperative Conversion to Five-Strand Hamstring Autograft Configuration Significantly Increases Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Diameter Independent of Patient Characteristics
Authors: Walczak Brian E. , Hetzel Scott J. , Akoh Craig Chike , Baer Geoffrey S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntraoperative conversion of a four-strand hamstring autograft to a five-strand configuration during an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been reported. However, the expected change in graft size and the dependence on patient characteristics are currently not well described. The purpose of this study was to determine the effective change in hamstring graft diameter and reliance on patient characteristics when intraoperatively converting a four-strand hamstring autograft into a five-strand configuration during an ACL reconstruction. A prospective, paired cohort study design was used to measure individual hamstring autograft diameter intraoperatively using traditional four-strand configuration followed by a five-strand configuration. All hamstring tendons included were long enough to consider a five-strand configuration. Five-strand hamstring autograft increased graft diameter in all patients. Hamstring tendon graft diameter increased by an average of 0.99 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84–1.11) in the five-strand configuration compared with the traditional four-strand configuration (mean: 7.8 mm). There was no significant difference in the average increase in graft diameter between males (1.04 mm) and females (0.92 mm) (p = 0.323). Eighty-three percent (95% CI: 57.8–95.6) of average graft diameters ≤ 8 mm in the four-strand configuration achieved an average graft diameter of >8 mm in the five-strand configuration, and 70% (95% CI: 35.4– 91.9) of four-strand configuration average diameters < 8 mm achieved an average graft diameter > 8.0 mm in the five-strand configuration. Five-strand hamstring autograft reliably increased intraoperative hamstring tendon autograft diameter, with an average of 1 mm, compared with traditional four-strand configuration. This increase in diameter is independent of sex and remained significant when controlling for age, laterality, body mass index, and semitendinosus length.
Article Commentary: An Ethical Analysis of Medication Treatment for Opioid use Disorder (MOUD) for Persons who are Incarcerated
Authors: Brezel Emma R. , Powell Tia , Fox Aaron D. 
Published: December 2019

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is highly prevalent among persons who are incarcerated. Medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD), methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone, is widely used to treat OUD in the community. Despite MOUD's well-documented effectiveness in improving health and social outcomes, its use in American jails and prisons is limited. Several factors are used to justify limited access to MOUD in jails and prisons including: “uncertainty” of MOUD's effectiveness during incarceration, security concerns, risk of overdose from MOUD, lack of resources and institutional infrastructure, and the inability of people with OUD to provide informed consent. Stigma regarding MOUD also likely plays a role. While these factors are relevant to the creation and implementation of addiction treatment policies in incarcerated settings, their ethicality remains underexplored. Using ethical principles of beneficence/non-maleficence, justice, and autonomy, in addition to public health ethics, we evaluate the ethicality of the above list of factors. There is a two-fold ethical imperative to provide MOUD in jails and prisons. Firstly, persons who are incarcerated have the right to evidence-based medical care for OUD. Secondly, because jails and prisons are government institutions, they have an obligation to provide that evidence-based treatment. Additionally, jails and prisons must address the systematic barriers that prevent them from fulfilling that responsibility. According to widely accepted ethical principles, strong evidence supporting the health benefits of MOUD cannot be subordinated to stigma or inaccurate assessments of security, cost, and feasibility. We conclude that making MOUD inaccessible in jails and prisons is ethically impermissible.
Unfair Manipulations during Introduction of Project and Risk-Management System within Implementation of Investment Projects in Russian Industrial Companies, Big Data in Risk-Management
Authors: Krukhmaleva Yana S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The process of creating a risk management system as part of the largest oil and gas company's investment projects is described. Examples of unfair manipulation with the risk management are given. Justification of efficiency of the chosen model and automation of the risk analysis process at each workplace is given. The expediency of using big data in risk management is described.
Persistent fossil fuel growth threatens the Paris Agreement and planetary health
Authors: Jackson R B , Friedlingstein P , Andrew R M , Canadell J G , Le Quéré C , Peters G P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Amidst declarations of planetary emergency and reports that the window for limiting climate change to 1.5 °C is rapidly closing, global average temperatures and fossil fuel emissions continue to rise. Global fossil CO2 emissions have grown three years consecutively: +1.5% in 2017, +2.1% in 2018, and our slower central projection of +0.6% in 2019 (range of –0.32% to 1.5%) to 37 ± 2 Gt CO2 (Friedlingstein et al 2019 Earth Syst. Sci. Data accepted), after a temporary growth hiatus from 2014 to 2016. Economic indicators and trends in global natural gas and oil use suggest a further rise in emissions in 2020 is likely. CO2 emissions are decreasing slowly in many industrialized regions, including the European Union (preliminary estimate of −1.7% [–3.4% to +0.1%] for 2019, −0.8%/yr for 2003–2018) and United States (−1.7% [–3.7% to +0.3%] in 2019, −0.8%/yr for 2003–2018), while emissions continue growing in India (+1.8% [+0.7% to 3.7%] in 2019, +5.1%/yr for 2003–2018), China (+2.6% [+0.7% to 4.4%] in 2019, +0.4%/yr for 2003–2018), and rest of the world ((+0.5% [−0.8% to 1.8%] in 2019, +1.4%/yr for 2003–2018). Two under-appreciated trends suggest continued long-term growth in both oil and natural gas use is likely. Because per capita oil consumption in the US and Europe remains 5- to 20-fold higher than in China and India, increasing vehicle ownership and air travel in Asia are poised to increase global CO2 emissions from oil over the next decade or more. Liquified natural gas exports from Australia and the United States are surging, lowering natural gas prices in Asia and increasing global access to this fossil resource. To counterbalance increasing emissions, we need accelerated energy efficiency improvements and reduced consumption, rapid deployment of electric vehicles, carbon capture and storage technologies, and a decarbonized electricity grid, with new renewable capacities replacing fossil fuels, not supplementing them. Stronger global commitments and carbon pricing would help implement such policies at scale and in time.
Greening through schooling: understanding the link between education and pro-environmental behavior in the Philippines
Authors: Hoffmann Roman , Muttarak Raya 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn recent years, changing lifestyle, consumption and mobility patterns have contributed to a global rise in greenhouse gases responsible for the warming of the planet. Despite its increasing relevance, there is a lack of understanding of factors influencing the environmental behavior of people from emerging economies. In this study, we focus on the role of formal education for pro-environmental behavior in the Philippines and study three potentially underlying mechanisms explaining the education effects: differential knowledge about climate change, risk perceptions, and awareness. Whilst there is some evidence showing that education is associated with pro-environmental behavior, little is known about the actual mechanisms through which it influences decision-making. Using propensity score methods, we find that an additional year of schooling significantly increases the probability of pro-environmental actions, e.g. planting trees, recycling, and proper waste management, by 3.3%. Further decomposing the education effects, it is found that education influences behavior mainly by increasing awareness about the anthropogenic causes of climate change, which may consequently affect the perception of self-efficacy in reducing human impacts on the environment. Knowledge and perceptions about climate risks also explain the education effect on pro-environmental behavior, but to a lesser extent.
How to boost the students’ interest to engineering graphics?
Authors: Dobelis M , Sroka-Bizon M , Branoff T 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Evident boost in Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry now is possible using BIM concept – Building Information Modelling. A similar workflow under a term Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is known for quite a time. Successful introduction of these technologies require extensive application of 3D geometric models. Development of spatial imagination and 3D models by means of CAD systems should be tackled in the engineering courses. Universities have to participate more actively in the process of faster implementation of these technologies into life. A common background knowledge required to handle this problem is a development of spatial visualization skills since in the backbone of the both these concepts there is a three-dimensional (3D) geometric model or database. The former classic university courses like descriptive geometry and engineering graphics used in the last century have undergone considerable reduction in credit points, sometimes caused by administrative orders or experienced decent content changes dictated by IT achievements. However, development of the spatial comprehension and visualization skills should not be under estimated in the future syllabuses, because they are crucial for 3D modelling in a wide range of engineering applications. The paper will share an experience about recent research about teaching spatial comprehension, 3D visualization and CAD communication skills in technical universities. Results of the experience gained from a 2011 Fulbright Scholarship teaching and research project about the measuring the engineering graphics literacy skills and further application in practice are represented as well. The paper will focus on a review of adopted and tested teaching methods and approaches rather than detailed analysis of the situation in general.
Occurrences in Czech Railway Infrastructure and their Relation to the Economic Efficiency of Investments
Authors: Hromádka V , Korytárová J , Vítková E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper focuses on the evaluation of impacts of occurrences in the Czech railway transport system on social and economic benefits and financial efficiency of investment projects in railway infrastructure. The evaluation of financial and economic efficiency of investment projects financed from the funds of the European Union is based on the Guide to Cost-Benefit Analysis of Investment Projects by European Commission from 2014. In the Czech Republic, this Guide has been complemented, for the purposes of economic and financial evaluation of projects in transport infrastructure, by the Departmental Guideline for the Evaluation of Economic Effectiveness of Transport Construction Projects by the Ministry of Transport of the Czech Republic which specifies economic evaluation of projects of roads and highways, railways and waterways important for traffic. The Departmental Guideline defines benefits which can be included into the economic evaluation, e.g. savings in the operation costs, the decrease in costs connected with accidents, the decrease in costs connected with the travel time or negative externalities usually related to impacts on the environment. However, in the case of the railway infrastructure, benefits connected to the increase in safety and fluency of the transport due to introducing security and information systems are not taken into account, even if these investments form a standard part of most railway infrastructure investment projects. The objective of the paper is to identify both the number and the structure of railways occurrences, which can influence effective functioning of railway transport for the purpose of their subsequent research in order to take into account decrease in their use in economic analysis. The methodology of the research is based on detailed analysis of individual occurrences which happened on Czech railways during past three years. The output of this paper provides a detailed statistic of occurrences including damage caused and propose recommendations for the next steps which should lead to the quantification of relevant benefits.
Application of multi-criteria method to assess the usefulness of a hydrotechnical object for floating housing
Authors: Miszewska E , Niedostatkiewicz M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This publication presents the analysis of three hydrotechnical objects located in the Municipality of Gdańsk with a view of mooring Floating Houses. The assessment of the adaptation of a hydrotechnical object has been carried out by a multi-criteria method AHP and using the main criteria such as: mooring system, communication with the mainland, availability of the utility networks, waste disposal and location of the parking spaces. The analysis allowed to conclude that there are no hydrotechnical objects in Gdańsk, which would be fully adapted to mooring of Floating Houses without additional infrastructure investments. The most adapted site out of the three ones considered in the Municipality of Gdańsk is location no. 1 – the Rybackie Pobrzeże.
Measurement of thermal, hygric and physical properties of bricks and mortar common for the Polish market
Authors: Pietrak K , Kubiś M , Cieślikiewicz Ł , Furmański P , Seredyński M , Wasik M , Wiśniewski T , Łapka P 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Hygric, thermal and physical properties were determined for building materials typical for the Polish market. One type of mortar and two types of masonry bricks were studied. Thermal diffusivity and specific heat of dry materials were found using the flash and differential scanning calorimetry methods, respectively. Water vapour permeability was tested using the cup method for a single temperature of 23°C and for two ranges of the air relative humidity (from 0 to 50% and from 50 to 94%). The permeability tests were performed according to ISO 12572:2016. Measurements of the sorption isotherms were carried out using the environmental chamber method, according to ISO 12571:2013. The results of measurements of the apparent and true density of the considered materials were used to determine their porosity. The presented measurements concerned materials involved in physical and numerical experiments aimed at quantitative and qualitative analyses of heat and moisture transfer during drying of building materials and walls.
The impact of nano SiO2 and superplasticizers on hydration and physical mechanical properties of cement
Authors: Malaiskiene J , Baneviciene V , Vaiciene M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The aim of work is to determine the lowest and effective amount of nano SiO2 (NS) for cementitious paste and identify the complex impact of NS and chemical admixtures on cement hydration and physical-mechanical properties. In order to achieve the aim, cementitious specimens with different types and amounts of NS were formed. Further, after the selection of NS and its amount, specimens were formed with various superplasticizers. The work analysis the following properties of cementitious mixtures and hardened cement stone: flow diameter, exothermal temperature, density, ultrasound pulse velocity, compressive strength, microstructure and mineralogical composition. It was determined that the greatest strength of cementitious specimens was obtained when 0.02 wt.% of NS was used, and, compared to control specimens, it increased by ∼15%. Additionally, the greatest increment in strength was observed for specimens with melamine-based superplasticizer. Compared to control specimens, the strength increased up to 23% and the obtained density and ultrasound pulse velocity were the greatest. XRD analysis showed that all specimens had analogue crystal hydrates formed but their amounts are different. SEM analysis showed that structure of the specimens with NS is denser.
Effect of MWCNT and PCE plasticizer on the properties of cement pastes
Authors: Skripkiunas G , Karpova E , Bendoraitiene J , Barauskas I 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Polycarboxylate ether (PCE) plasticizer possesses by high water-reduction capability of about 30-40%. Despite the superior water reduction capability, the high dosages of PCE may cause the bleeding in cement systems, which is not suitable for high workability and self-compacting concrete. The current research is devoted to the studying of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) suspension prepared in combination with PCE plasticizer on the rheological properties of cement pastes. The bleeding of cement pastes modified by different dosages of MWCNT was estimated as well. The increase of yield stress in 3.7 and 3.5 times was obtained for cement paste modified by MWCNT suspension in dosage of 0.12% by weight of cement (bwoc) in 5 and 120 min after cement paste mixing, respectively. The increase of plastic viscosity in 2.95 and 1.55 times was obtained for cement paste modified by MWCNT suspension in dosage of 0.12% bwoc in 5 and 120 min after cement paste mixing, respectively. Modification of cement pastes by MWCNT suspension in the dosage of 0.24 % bwoc led to the decrease of bleeding water volume by 21.7% in comparison with cement pastes modified only by PCE plasticizer.
Preliminary research for long lasting self-healing effect of bacteria-based concrete with lightweight aggregates
Authors: Dembovska L , Bajare D , Korjakins A , Toma D , Jakubovica E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A typical phenomenon in concrete structures is crack formation. Shrinkage cracks may appear in early stage of concrete. In late age cracks may appear due to process of serviceability and external weather conditions. Larger cracks interfere structural integrity, micro-cracks may result in durability problems as increase of water absorption, which results in concrete degradation and reinforcement corrosion. Manual maintenance of the concrete structure is costly and labour consuming; therefore, functionality of self-healing phenomenon of concrete structures has been inspected.
In this study self-healing phenomenon of bacteria-based concrete has been investigated. Calcium lactate and yeast medium with spore-forming alkaliphilic bacteria Bacillus Lentus have been chosen. Bacillus Lentus spores with medium were integrated (by using vacuum technique) into expanded clay granules (LECA) with a size of 2-4 mm. Direct addition of bacteria (without immobilization) in concrete limits the survival of bacteria from 1 to 2 months. In this study, to increase viability of bacteria at high pH media in concrete and thus the time-related functionality of self-healing agents, bacteria were immobilized in LECA.
The mechanism of crack healing in bacteria-based concrete presumably occurs through metabolic conversion of calcium lactate to calcium carbonate. The influence of bacteria on the mechanical and physical properties of samples was estimated after 28 days and after 6 years. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that concrete samples with Bacillus Lentus showed an increase of 22% in compressive strength compared to the reference sample.
The main task of this scientific research is to identify, if self-healing phenomenon happens for the samples, which are 28 days old and for samples which are 6 years old.
Results from the optical investigation showed that self-healing phenomenon (after 14 days of healing) has occurred for all samples and cracks in concrete were partly closed with calcium carbonate.