bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary breast tumours but not lung metastases induce protective anti-tumour immune responses after Treg-depletion
Authors: Hughes Ellyn , Lauder Sarah N. , Smart Kathryn , Bloom Anja , Scott Jake , Jones Emma , Somerville Michelle , Browne Molly , Blainey Andrew , Godkin Andrew , Ager Ann , Gallimore Awen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough metastatic disease is responsible for the majority of cancer deaths, tests of novel immunotherapies in mouse tumour models often focus on primary tumours without determining whether these therapies also target metastatic disease. This study examined the impact of depleting Foxp3+regulatory T cells (Treg), on lung metastases, using a mouse model of breast cancer. After Treg-depletion, generation of an immune response to the primary tumour was a critical determinant for limiting development of metastasis. Indeed, resection of the primary tumour abrogated any effect of Treg-depletion on metastases. In addition, whilst the immune response, generated by the primary tumour, prevented metastases development, it had little impact on controlling established disease. Collectively, the data indicate that metastatic cells in the lung are not controlled by immune responses induced by the primary tumour. These findings indicate that targeting Tregs alone will not suffice for treating lung metastases.
Identifying New Frontiers for Social Media Engagement in Global Surgery: An Observational Study
Authors: Navarro Sergio M. , Mazingi Dennis , Keil Evan , Dube Andile , Dedeker Connor , Stewart Kelsey A. , Ncube Thando , Rickard Jennifer L. , Lavy Chris , Tuttle Todd M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this observational study is to characterize the use of social media content pertaining to global surgery.MethodsA search for public posts on social media related to global surgery was performed over a 3‐month window, from January 1st, 2019, to March 31st, 2019. Two public domains were included in the search: Instagram and Twitter. Posts were selected by filtering for one hashtag: #GlobalSurgery. A binary scoring system was used for media format, perspective of the poster, timing of the post, tone, and post content. Data were analyzed using Chi‐squared tests with significance set to p < 0.05.ResultsOverall, 2633 posts with the hashtag #GlobalSurgery were publicly shared on these two social media platforms over the 3‐month period. Of these, 2272 (86.3%) referenced content related to global surgery and were original posts. Physicians and other health professionals authored a majority (60.5%, 1083/1788) of posts on Twitter, whereas organizations comprised a majority of the posts on Instagram (59.9%, 290/484). Posts either had a positive (50.2%, 1140/2272) or neutral (49.6%, 1126/2272) tone, with only 0.3% or 6/2272 of posts being explicitly negative. The content of the posts varied, but most frequently (43.4%, 986/2272) focused on promoting communication and engagement within the community, followed by educational content (21.3%, 486/2272), advertisements (18.8%, 427/2272), and published research (13.2%, 299/2272). The majority of global surgery posts originated from the USA, UK, or Canada (67.6%, 1537/2272), followed by international organizations (11.5%, 261/2272). Chi‐squared analysis comparing Instagram with Twitter performed examining media content, tone, perspective, and content, finding statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) the two platforms for each of the categories.ConclusionThe online social media community with respect to global surgery engagement is predominantly composed of surgeons and health care professionals, focused primarily on promoting dialogue within the online community. Social media platforms may provide a scalable tool that can augment engagement between global surgeons, with remaining opportunity to foster global collaboration, community engagement, education and awareness.
Preoperative Potassium Iodide Treatment in Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy for Graves' Disease—Perspective of a European High‐Volume Center
Authors: Lindner Kirsten , Kußmann Jochen , Fendrich Volker 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPotassium iodide (KI) treatment affects the vascularity of the thyroid gland and therefore may improve intraoperative visualization of essential structures. However, clear evidence for its usage is lacking, and its implementation in patients suffering from Graves' disease is becoming rare. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the impact of KI treatment on the intraoperative course and the outcome of patients undergoing thyroidectomy for Graves' diseases.MethodsThe study included 442 patients: 125 patients (28.3%) who received a preoperative treatment with KI (“Group KI”) and 317 patients (71.7%) without a KI therapy (“Group No‐KI”). Indication for KI treatment was a thyroid bruit (82.5%), as well as hyperthyroidism refractive to medical treatment with antithyroid drugs (17.4%).ResultsAll patients underwent total thyroidectomy. Permanent vocal cord paresis and permanent hypoparathyroidism were similar in both groups. KI treatment was associated with a significantly longer operative time (142 vs. 128 min, p < 0.001) and a significant higher weight of the thyroid gland. KI treatment did not impact duration of hospital stay or occurrence of secondary hemorrhage.ConclusionsThe complication rate of this study population with clinically severe GD was very low—which may be caused by pre‐treatment of patients. The complementary option of a potassium iodide treatment before surgery remains a possibility and should be implemented individually.
Overview of the CMIP6 Historical Experiment Datasets with the Climate System Model CAS FGOALS-f3-L
Authors: Guo Yuyang , Yu Yongqiang , Lin Pengfei , Liu Hailong , He Bian , Bao Qing , Zhao Shuwen , Wang Xiaowei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe three-member historical simulations by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model, version f3-L (CAS FGOALS-f3-L), which is contributing to phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), are described in this study. The details of the CAS FGOALS-f3-L model, experiment settings and output datasets are briefly introduced. The datasets include monthly and daily outputs from the atmospheric, oceanic, land and sea-ice component models of CAS FGOALS-f3-L, and all these data have been published online in the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF, https://esgf-node.llnl.gov/projects/cmip6/). The three ensembles are initialized from the 600th, 650th and 700th model year of the preindustrial experiment (piControl) and forced by the same historical forcing provided by CMIP6 from 1850 to 2014. The performance of the coupled model is validated in comparison with some recent observed atmospheric and oceanic datasets. It is shown that CAS FGOALS-f3-L is able to reproduce the main features of the modern climate, including the climatology of air surface temperature and precipitation, the long-term changes in global mean surface air temperature, ocean heat content and sea surface steric height, and the horizontal and vertical distribution of temperature in the ocean and atmosphere. Meanwhile, like other state-of-the-art coupled GCMs, there are still some obvious biases in the historical simulations, which are also illustrated. This paper can help users to better understand the advantages and biases of the model and the datasets.
Cryo-Electron microscopy for the study of self-assembled poly(ionic liquid) nanoparticles and protein supramolecular structures
Authors: Kochovski Zdravko , Chen Guosong , Yuan Jiayin , Lu Yan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a powerful structure determination technique that is well-suited to the study of protein and polymer self-assembly in solution. In contrast to conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample preparation, which often times involves drying and staining, the frozen-hydrated sample preparation allows the specimens to be kept and imaged in a state closest to their native one. Here, we give a short overview of the basic principles of Cryo-EM and review our results on applying it to the study of different protein and polymer self-assembled nanostructures. More specifically, we show how we have applied cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) to visualize the internal morphology of self-assembled poly(ionic liquid) nanoparticles and cryo-EM single particle analysis (SPA) to determine the three-dimensional (3D) structures of artificial protein microtubules.
Decision making for concomitant high tibial osteotomy (HTO) in cartilage repair patients based on a nationwide cohort study of 4968 patients
Authors: Faber Svea , Zellner Johannes , Angele Peter , Spahn Gunter , Löer Ingo , Zinser Wolfgang , Niemeyer Philipp 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
High tibial osteotomy (HTO) for varus deformities is a common concomitant treatment in cartilage surgery. Aim of the present study was to analyze factors influencing the decision towards accompanying HTO in patients with cartilage defects of the medial femoral condyle, such as the amount of varus deformity.

Methods
Data from 4986 patients treated for cartilage defects of the knee from the German Cartilage Registry (KnorpelRegister DGOU) were used for the current analysis. Seven hundred and thirty-six patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Their data were analyzed for factors influencing the decision towards performing a concomitant HTO using t test, univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression models.

Results
The break point at which the majority of patients receive a concomitant HTO is 3° of varus deformity. Several factors apart from the amount of varus deformity (5.61 ± 2.73° vs. 1.72 ± 2.38°, p < 0.00) differed significantly between the group of patients with HTO and those without. These included defect size (441.6 ± 225.3 mm2 vs. 386.5 ± 204.2 mm2, p = 0.001), symptom duration (29.53 ± 44.58 months vs. 21.85 ± 34.17 months, p = 0.021), defect grade (62.5% IVa/IVb vs. 57.3% IVa/IVb, p = 0.014), integrity of corresponding joint surface (10.8% grade III–IV vs. 0.2% grade III–IV, p < 0.001), meniscus status (15.5% > 1/3 resected vs. 4.4% > 1/3 resected, p < 0.001) and number of previous surgeries (1.01 ± 1.06 vs. 0.75 ± 1.00, p = 0.001). In the stepwise multivariate binary logistic regression test, only the amount of varus deformity, symptom duration and quality of the corresponding joint surface remained significant predictors associated with performing a concomitant HTO.

Conclusion
Based upon data from a nationwide cohort, additional HTO in context with cartilage repair procedures of the medial femoral condyle is frequently performed even in mild varus deformities less than 5°. Other factors also seem to influence decision for HTO.
Neonatal and young infant sepsis by Group B Streptococci and Escherichia coli: a single-center retrospective analysis in Germany—GBS screening implementation gaps and reduction in antibiotic resistance
Authors: Doenhardt Maren , Seipolt Barbara , Mense Lars , Winkler Jennifer Lucia , Thürmer Alexander , Rüdiger Mario , Berner Reinhard , Armann Jakob 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe last nationwide surveillance study on neonatal and young infant sepsis due to Group B Streptococci (GBS) and Escherichia coli in Germany was conducted between 2009 and 2010. The aim of this study is to provide longitudinal epidemiological data on neonatal and young infant sepsis caused by GBS and E. coli to reevaluate existing data and to inform clinical decision-making. Every positive blood culture for GBS and E. coli within the first 90 days of life that occurred at our center from 2008 until 2018 was identified. The epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and microbiological data of all affected patients were analyzed through retrospective chart review, along with the pathogen’s antimicrobial susceptibility results. In total, 106 episodes of neonatal sepsis were described; 31% (n = 33) being caused by GBS and 69% (n = 73) by E. coli; 87% of GBS early-onset disease (EOD) cases did not receive intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP). Contrary to general trends, the proportion of resistant E. coli isolates decreased for all tested antibiotics over time. Coincidentally, antenatal antibiotic use beyond IAP during that period decreased significantly in our center.Conclusions: (1) Data at our center suggests at least a regional implementation gap in GBS screening and IAP. (2) The decline in the resistance rate of E. coli for all antimicrobial substances might indicate that the reduction of prenatal antibiotics use is beneficial and that neonatal antibiotic stewardship programs should include pregnant women as well.

What is Known:• GBS screening and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis led to a 32%-reduction in GBS disease in Germany with a 0.75 (92:122) ratio of early-onset disease to late-onset disease in 2009–2010.• Prenatal antibiotic use might increase the risk of E. coli early-onset disease and antibiotic resistances.

What is New:• The GBS early-onset disease rates were twice as high as those of late-onset disease, the ratio was 1.75 (21:12) in 2008–2018 at our institution. This suggests that there are at least regional implementation gaps in the antenatal GBS screening in Germany.• We found a decline in E. coli resistance rates over time for all antimicrobial substances. Reduction in use of prenatal antibiotics might be an explanation.
Subsidence after total lumbar disc replacement is predictable and related to clinical outcome
Authors: Kitzen J. , Verbiest V. , Buil I. , Schotanus M. G. M. , van Rietbergen B. , van Kuijk S. M. J. , van Rhijn L. W. , Willems P. C. P. H. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
As yet, there are no studies describing a relationship between radiographic subsidence after lumbar total disc replacement (TDR) and patient symptoms. To investigate if subsidence, in terms of penetrated bone volume or angular rotation over time (ΔPBV and ΔAR), is related to clinical outcome. To assess if subsidence can be predicted by position implant asymmetry (IA) or relative size of the TDR, areal undersizing index (AUI) on direct post-operative radiographs.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study consists of 209 consecutive patients with lumbar TDR for degenerative disc disease. A three-dimensional graphical representation of the implant in relation to the bony endplates was created on conventional radiographs. Consequently, the PBV, AR, IA and AUI were calculated, direct post-operative (DPO) and at last follow-up (LFU). For clinical evaluation, patients with substantial pain (VAS ≥ 50) and malfunction (ODI ≥ 40) were considered failures.

Results
At a mean follow-up of 16.7 years, 152 patients (73%) were available for analysis. In 32 patients, revision by spinal fusion had been performed. Both ΔAR (4.33° vs. 1.83°, p = 0.019) and ΔPBV (1448.4 mm3 vs. 747.3 mm3, p = 0.003) were significantly higher in the failure-compared to the success-group. Using ROC curves, thresholds for symptomatic subsidence were defined as ΔPBV ≥ 829 mm3 or PBV-LFU ≥ 1223 mm3 [area under the curve (AUC) 0.723, p = 0.003 and 0.724, p = 0.005, respectively]. Associations between symptomatic subsidence and AUI-DPO ≥ 0.50 (AUC 0.750, p = 0.002) and AR-DPO ≥ 3.95° (AUC 0.690, p = 0.022) were found.

Conclusion
Subsidence of a TDR is associated with a worse clinical outcome. The occurrence of subsidence is higher in case of incorrect placement or shape mismatch.
Long non-coding RNA VIM Antisense RNA 1 (VIM-AS1) sponges microRNA-29 to participate in diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Zeng Feng , Luo Gang , Lu Yamei , Zhang Zhaotian , Zhou Yuanqing , Chen Yonging , Zhou Zhiyan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Aims
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) VIM Antisense RNA 1 (VIM-AS1) has been reported to be correlated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) susceptibility, while the roles of this lncRNA in T2D and its complications remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the role of VIM-AS1 in diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods
Gene expression levels in both human specimens and in vitro cultivated cells were determined by qPCR and western blot. Overexpression experiments were performed to analyze gene interactions. Cell apoptosis after transfections was detected by cell apoptosis assay.

Results
We found that VIM-AS1 was significantly downregulated in T2D patients in comparison with that in healthy controls. Specifically, the expression levels of VIM-AS1 were lowest among T2D patients complicated with DR. Bioinformatics analysis showed that VIM-AS1 can interact with microRNA 29 (miR-29), which is a critical player in high glucose-induced apoptosis of human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs). Dual-luciferase assay also revealed the direct interaction between them. High glucose treatment led to upregulated miR-29 and downregulated VIM-AS1. However, overexpression of VIM-AS1 and miR-29 did not affect the expression of each other. Cell apoptosis analysis showed that overexpression of VIM-AS1 reduced the enhancing effects of miR-29 overexpression on RPEs cell proliferation.

Conclusions
Therefore, VIM-AS1 may sponge miR-29 to participate in DR.
Quantifizierung lokaler Grundwassereintritte in die Spree und deren Bedeutung für die Verockerungsproblematik in der Laustiz
Authors: Frei Sven , Wismeth Fabian , Gilfedder Benjamin Silas 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungEine unbekannte, schwer zu bestimmende aber zentrale Komponente in der Verockerungs-Problematik der Spree ist der lokale Grundwasserzufluss. Als Teil dieser Studie wurden mithilfe des natürlichen Tracers Radon (222Rn) die lokalen Grundwasserzuflüsse in die Spree und Kleine Spree im Lausitzer Braunkohlerevier bestimmt. Der gesamte Grundwasserzufluss, für das 20 km lange Teilstück der Kleinen Spree und den 34 km langen Abschnitt der Spree, variierte je nach Messkampagne zwischen ~3.000 und ~7.000 m3 d−1 (Kleine Spree) sowie ~20.000 und ~38.000 m3 d−1 (Spree). Entlang der Spreewitzer Rinne, einem vom Tagebauabraum geprägten Aquifer, wurden Flussabschnitte mit besonders hohem, präferenziellem Grundwassereintritt identifiziert (bis zu 70 % des gesamten Zustromes). Für diese Bereiche gelangen große Mengen an gelöstem Eisen aus dem Grundwasser in die Fließgewässer. Basierend auf gemessenen lokalen Eisen- und Sulfatfrachten in beiden Fließgewässern, wurde für das Einzugsgebiet die Menge an zurückgehaltenem Eisen quantifiziert. Für das gesamte untersuchte Einzugsgebiet der Spree liegt die Menge an zurückgehaltenem Eisen durch die Eisenhydroxid-Bildung bei bis zu 120 Tonnen/Tag.
The Inverted Philosopher’s Stone: how to turn silver to a base metal
Authors: Radtke Valentin , Pütz Katharina , Himmel Daniel , Krossing Ingo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMetals often are classified as “noble” or “base”—characterizing their reduction potential as one of the most important chemical properties. We show that metals are only as noble as allowed by their environment, i.e. this is a relative term, and the “frame of reference” simply is the solvent in which the redox system is present. We prove that silver is a prime example for a noble metal that forfeits its noble character in the simple ionic liquid HMIM Br (1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide) as an example for such a solvent.
Risk screening of the potential invasiveness of non-native freshwater fishes in the River Ob basin (West Siberian Plain, Russia)
Authors: Interesova Elena , Vilizzi Lorenzo , Copp Gordon H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo inform regional managers of potentially invasive non-native (NN) freshwater fishes in the principal hydrosystem that drains the West Siberian Plain, the River Ob basin, 31 extant and potential future NN fish species were screened using the Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit (AS-ISK) with respect to current and projected future climate conditions. Calibration of the AS-ISK scores, using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, identified ‘basic risk assessment’ and ‘climate change assessment’ threshold scores of 27.5 and 34.75, respectively, with which to distinguish species that pose a high risk of being invasive in the Ob basin and those that pose a low-to-medium risk. Of the species screened, 12 ranked as high risk (black bullhead Ameiurus melas, brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus, grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, common carp Cyprinus carpio, eastern mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki, silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, oriental weatherfish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Chinese (Amur) sleeper Perccottus glenii, topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva, brown trout Salmo trutta, pikeperch Sander lucioperca and rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus). The remaining species ranked as medium or low risk. Although the risk scores increased in 68% of species under climate change conditions, this affected the risk rankings of only two species: Salmo trutta decreased in rank from high to medium and Sander lucioperca increased in rank from medium to high. The outcomes of the present study, which identified 12 species for which full risk assessments are recommended, serves to inform the development of NN species policy and management in Russia.
Macroeconomic and health care aspects of the coronavirus epidemic: EU, US and global perspectives
Authors: Welfens Paul J. J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic represents a major challenge for the world economy. While a detailed longer-term diffusion path of the new virus cannot be anticipated for individual countries, one may anticipate international supply shocks and declining GDP growth in many OECD countries and China in 2020; and one should expect falling asset prices in Asia, the United States and the European Union plus the United Kingdom – except for the price of risk-free government bonds. In the course of 2020/21 the US, the EU and the UK, as well as other countries, will face both an increasing number of infected patients as well as a higher case fatality ratio. Health care expenditures in the US could increase more than in the Eurozone and the EU in the medium term, a development that undermines the international competitiveness of the United States. The analysis suggests that per capita income is a positive function of the effective trade openness and of the new Global Health Security Index indicator from the NTI/Johns Hopkins University. A rising health care-GDP ratio in the US is equivalent to a rising US export tariff. As regards the coronavirus challenge, the ratio of acute care beds to the elderly in OECD countries shows considerable variation. Due to international tourism contraction alone, output growth in the Eurozone, the US and China can be expected to fall by about 1.6% in 2020. The COVID-19 challenge for the US Trump Administration is a serious one, since the lack of experts in the Administration will become more apparent in such a systemic stress situation – and this might well affect the November 2020 US presidential election which, in turn, would itself have considerable impacts on the UK and the EU27 as well as EU-UK trade negotiations. Integrating the health care sector into macroeconomics, which should include growth analysis, is an important task. The role of health quality - and health insurance coverage - for endogenous time horizons and economic welfare, respectively, is emphasized.