bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fucose Ameliorate Intestinal Inflammation Through Modulating the Crosstalk Between Bile Acids and Gut Microbiota in a Chronic Colitis Murine Model
Authors: Ke Jun , Li Ying , Han Chaoqun , He Ruohang , Lin Rong , Qian Wei , Hou Xiaohua 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Recurrent intestinal inflammation is frequently associated with aberrant bile acid profiles and microbial community. Fucose exerts a protective effect on commensal bacteria in the case of intestinal pathogen infection. We speculated that fucose might also have certain impact on the microbial ecosystem under the chronic colitis setting.

Methods
To validate our hypothesis, multi-omics examination was performed in combination with microbiomics and metabonomics in a chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) murine model in the presence or absence of fucose. The 16S RNA sequencing was carried out to determine the ileum and colon microbiota. Primary and secondary bile acids, together with the respective taurine and glycine conjugates, were quantified through ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Moreover, enzymes involved in regulating bile acid synthesis were also detected. Finally, an experiment was carried out on the antibiotic-treated mice to examine the role of gut microbiota.

Results
Administration of exogenous-free fucose markedly alleviated the inflammatory response in colitis mice. In addition, excessive intestinal bile acid accumulated in DSS mice was decreased in the presence of fucose, along with the restoration of the compromised regulation on hepatic bile acid synthesis. Moreover, the shifts in bile acid profiles were linked with the improved gut microbiome dysbiosis. However, the protective effects of fucose were abolished in mice treated with antibiotic cocktail, indicating that microbiota played a pivotal role.

Conclusions
Findings in this study suggest that fucose ameliorates colitis through restoring the crosstalk between bile acid and gut microbiota.
Ecological risks of demersal fishing on deepwater chondrichthyan populations in the Southern Indian and South Pacific Oceans
Authors: Georgeson L , Rigby C L , Emery T J , Fuller M , Hartog J , Williams A J , Hobday A J , Duffy C A J , Simpfendorfer C A , Okuda T , Stobutzki I C , Nicol S J 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRisks to deepwater chondrichthyans (sharks, rays, and chimaeras) from fishing are poorly understood, particularly in areas beyond national jurisdiction. We adapted productivity–susceptibility analysis (PSA) and sustainability assessment for fishing effects (SAFE) to assess the vulnerability of 173 deepwater chondrichthyans to various demersal fishing gears in the Southern Indian and South Pacific Oceans. Several species were categorized as being at high or extreme vulnerability, including some deepwater shark species in the Southern Indian Ocean that are reported to be commercially targeted. There was good concurrence between PSA and SAFE results for species categorized as being at high or extreme vulnerability by the SAFE, but as expected there was an overall greater number assessed to be as higher vulnerability using PSA due to its precautionary nature. Our results indicate probable misclassifications in the PSA relative vulnerability rankings, highlighting the value of applying more quantitative tools, such as SAFE, when adequate data are available. Our findings indicate that better catch, effort, and biological information are needed to inform the assessment and management of deepwater chondrichthyans. If targeted fishing of deepwater shark species continues in the Southern Indian Ocean, improved assessments and estimates of sustainable yields are urgently required to mitigate the risk of overexploitation.
Prevalence of the carbapenem-heteroresistant phenotype among ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates
Authors: Tan Karen , Nguyen James , Nguyen Kevin , Huse Holly K , Nieberg Paul H , Wong-Beringer Annie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Carbapenem-heteroresistant (cHR) Enterobacteriaceae strains have been reported worldwide; however, the prevalence among clinical ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates obtained from patients with repeated hospital admissions remains largely unknown.

Methods
Heteroresistance was screened by disc diffusion and confirmed by a modified population analysis profiling (PAP) method against ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem and ceftolozane/tazobactam. MIC testing was performed by broth microdilution against carbapenems and a panel of agents with potential activity against ESBL-producing strains.

Results
One hundred and seventy-three ESBL-producing meropenem-susceptible Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were selected for testing. A total of 519 bacteria/carbapenem combinations were screened by disc diffusion; 84 combinations were identified as cHR. Modified PAP confirmed 70 bacteria/carbapenem combinations as heteroresistant; most (63%, 44/70) confirmed cHR colonies grew within the ertapenem zone of inhibition, followed by imipenem (30%, 21/70), then meropenem (7%, 5/70). In total, one-third of the unique patient isolates (32%, 55/173) were identified as being heteroresistant to at least one carbapenem; of those patients, 16% (9/55) had a carbapenem-non-susceptible isolate on subsequent visits. Only two cHR isolates screened positive for ceftolozane/tazobactam heteroresistance (1%, 2/173), of which one was confirmed heteroresistant by modified PAP. cHR isolates were more likely to be collected from a non-urinary source (e.g. respiratory) compared with non-cHR isolates (31% versus 19%, P = 0.02). MIC distributions of all tested antibiotic agents did not differ between non-cHR and cHR isolates.

Conclusions
Our findings raise concerns for the continued use of carbapenems as first-line therapy for ESBL infections and for the potential selection for strains with full carbapenem resistance.
Carfentanil Use in a Patient Undergoing Treatment for Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Tuzel Tom , Bollini Stephanie Marina , Antara James P , Banks J Fred , Hobbs Gregory A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Carfentanil is a synthetic opioid approximately 10,000 times as powerful as morphine. It is not approved for human use. However, cases of death associated with carfentanil have become more frequent in recent years. In this report, the case of a patient with a positive urine test for norcarfentanil (a metabolite of carfentanil) is described. The analytical method leading to the detection is summarized. This is a rarely reported case of survival of carfentanil use. It is unique in the published literature of an account of a norcarfentanil-positive patient concurrently enrolled in a substance use disorder treatment program. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first documented case of a carfentanil exposure in the state of New York.
A novel dynein-type AAA+ protein with peroxisomal targeting signal type 2
Authors: Imanaka Tsuneo , Kawaguchi Kosuke 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPeroxisomal matrix proteins are imported into peroxisomes in a process mediated by peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS) type 1 and 2. The PTS2 proteins are imported into peroxisomes after binding with Pex7p. Niwa et al. (A newly isolated Pex7-binding, atypical PTS2 protein P7BP2 is a novel dynein-type AAA+ protein. J Biochem 2018;164:437–447) identified a novel Pex7p-binding protein in CHO cells and characterized the subcellular distribution and molecular properties of the human homologue, ‘P7BP2’. Interestingly, P7BP2 possesses PTS2 at the NH2 terminal and six putative AAA+ domains. Another group has suggested that the protein also possesses mitochondrial targeting signal at the NH2 terminal. In fact, the P7BP2 expressed in mammalian cells is targeted to both peroxisomes and mitochondria. The purified protein from Sf9 cells is a monomer and has a disc-like ring structure, suggesting that P7BP2 is a novel dynein-type AAA+ family protein. The protein expressed in insect cells exhibits ATPase activity. P7BP2 localizes to peroxisomes and mitochondria, and has a common function related to dynein-type ATPases in both organelles.
Challenges Associated with Managing a Multicenter Clinical Trial in Severe Burns
Authors: Coates Elsa C , Mann-Salinas Elizabeth A , Caldwell Nicole W , Chung Kevin K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Managing multicenter clinical trials (MCTs) is demanding and complex. The Randomized controlled Evaluation of high-volume hemofiltration in adult burn patients with Septic shoCk and acUte kidnEy injury (RESCUE) trial was a prospective, MCT involving the impact of high-volume hemofiltration continuous renal replacement therapy on patients experiencing acute kidney injury and septic shock. Ten clinical burn centers from across the United States were recruited to enroll a target sample size of 120 subjects. This manuscripts reviews some of the obstacles and knowledge gained while coordinating the RESCUE trial. The first subject was enrolled in February 2012, 22 months after initial IRB approval and 29 months from the time the grant was awarded. The RESCUE team consisted of personnel at each site, including the lead site, a data coordination center, data safety monitoring board, steering committees, and the sponsor. Seven clinical sites had enrolled 37 subjects when enrollment stopped in February 2016. Obstacles included changes in institutional review boards, multiple layers of review, staffing changes, creation and amendment of study documents and procedures, and finalization of contracts. Successful completion of a MCT requires a highly functional research team with sufficient patient population, expertise, and research infrastructure. Additionally, realistic timelines must be established with strategies to overcome challenges. Inevitable obstacles should be discussed in the pretrial phase and continuous correspondence must be maintained with all relevant research parties throughout all phases of study.
Last mile delivery drone selection and evaluation using the interval-valued inferential fuzzy TOPSIS
Authors: Nur Farjana , Alrahahleh Ayat , Burch Reuben , Babski-Reeves Kari , Marufuzzaman Mohammad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe last mile delivery option has become a focal point of academic research and industrial development in recent years. Multiple factors such as increased demands on delivery flexibility, customer requirements, delivery urgency, and many others are enforcing to adopt this option. For fulfilling this paradigm shift in delivery and providing additional flexibility, drones can be considered as a viable option to use for last mile delivery cases. Numerous drones are available in the market with varying capacities and functionalities, posing a significant challenge for decision-makers to select the most appropriate drone type for a specific application. In this purpose, this study proposes a comprehensive list of criterions that can be used to compare a set of available last mile delivery drones. Additionally, we introduced a systematic multi-criterion, multi-personnel decision making approach, referred to as interval-valued inferential fuzzy TOPSIS method. This method is robust and can handle the fuzziness in decision making, thereby providing quality drone selection decisions under different applications. We then apply this method to a real-life test setting. Results suggest that smaller drones or quadcopters are considered viable to use in urban environments while long-range drones are preferred for the last mile delivery needs in rural settings.
Electron tomography imaging methods with diffraction contrast for materials research
Authors: Hata Satoshi , Furukawa Hiromitsu , Gondo Takashi , Hirakami Daisuke , Horii Noritaka , Ikeda Ken-Ichi , Kawamoto Katsumi , Kimura Kosuke , Matsumura Syo , Mitsuhara Masatoshi , Miyazaki Hiroya , Miyazaki Shinsuke , Murayama Mitsu Mitsuhiro , Nakashima Hideharu , Saito Hikaru , Sakamoto Masashi , Yamasaki Shigeto 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) enable the visualization of three-dimensional (3D) microstructures ranging from atomic to micrometer scales using 3D reconstruction techniques based on computed tomography algorithms. This 3D microscopy method is called electron tomography (ET) and has been utilized in the fields of materials science and engineering for more than two decades. Although atomic resolution is one of the current topics in ET research, the development and deployment of intermediate-resolution (non-atomic-resolution) ET imaging methods have garnered considerable attention from researchers. This research trend is probably not irrelevant due to the fact that the spatial resolution and functionality of 3D imaging methods of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microscopy have come to overlap with those of ET. In other words, there may be multiple ways to carry out 3D visualization using different microscopy methods for nanometer-scale objects in materials. From the above standpoint, this review paper aims to (i) describe the current status and issues of intermediate-resolution ET with regard to enhancing the effectiveness of TEM/STEM imaging and (ii) discuss promising applications of state-of-the-art intermediate-resolution ET for materials research with a particular focus on diffraction contrast ET for crystalline microstructures (superlattice domains and dislocations) including a demonstration of in situ dislocation tomography.
Religion and Identity De/Construction among Forced Migrants: The Case of the Congolese Refugees in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Makanda Joseph , Naidu Maheshvari 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The current study unravels religious practices, politics and perceptions as forms of multiple identities within and amongst different types of migrant groups in South Africa. Using purpose sampling from members of the Christ Assembly Church of Africa, we explore how the appeal to religion is a form of identity construction that differentiates Congolese from other groups of migrants. We utilized social identity theory in showing how Congolese use religious practices at the mentioned church to assert and reaffirm their identity and use it as a form of resilience to any external threat to the existence of their ‘culture’. Our findings reveal that there exists a complex relationship between religion and Congolese refugees in Durban that is an identity maker that acts as a form of mobilization and resilience to any form of external threats to the identity of the Congolese community in Durban. Furthermore, our findings reveal that the negotiation and construction of Congolese identity through religious practices at Christ Assemblies Church of Africa can play an important role in determining how prejudices and behaviour that reject, exclude and often vilify persons based on the perception that they are outsiders or foreigners to the community are constructed.
Quantifying the redshift space distortion of the bispectrum I: primordial non-Gaussianity
Authors: Bharadwaj Somnath , Mazumdar Arindam , Sarkar Debanjan 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
The anisotropy of the redshift space bispectrum contains a wealth of cosmological information. This anisotropy depends on the orientation of three vectors $\boldsymbol {k_1},\boldsymbol {k_2},\boldsymbol {k_3}$ with respect to the line of sight. Here, we have decomposed the redshift space bispectrum in spherical harmonics which completely quantify this anisotropy. To illustrate this, we consider linear redshift space distortion of the bispectrum arising from primordial non-Gaussianity. In the plane-parallel approximation, only the first four even ℓ multipoles have non-zero values, and we present explicit analytical expressions for all the non-zero multipoles, that is, upto ℓ = 6 and m = 4. The ratio of the different multipole moments to the real-space bispectrum depends only on β1 the linear redshift distortion parameter and the shape of the triangle. Considering triangles of all possible shapes, we have studied how this ratio depends on the shape of the triangle for β1 = 1. We have also studied the β1 dependence for some of the extreme triangle shapes. If measured in future, these multipole moments hold the potential of constraining β1. The results presented here are also important if one wishes to constrain fNL using redshift surveys.
Asteroseismology of luminous red giants with Kepler I: long-period variables with radial and non-radial modes
Authors: Yu Jie , Bedding Timothy R , Stello Dennis , Huber Daniel , Compton Douglas L , Gizon Laurent , Hekker Saskia 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
While long-period variables (LPVs) have been extensively investigated, especially with MACHO and OGLE data for the Magellanic Clouds, there still exist open questions in their pulsations regarding the excitation mechanisms, radial order, and angular degree assignment. Here, we perform asteroseismic analyses on LPVs observed by the 4-year Kepler mission. Using a cross-correlation method, we detect unambiguous pulsation ridges associated with radial fundamental modes (n = 1) and overtones (n ≥ 2), where the radial order assignment is made using theoretical frequencies and observed frequencies. Our results confirm that the amplitude variability seen in semiregulars is consistent with oscillations being solar-like. We identify that the dipole modes, l = 1, are dominant in the radial orders of 3 ≤ n ≤ 6, and that quadrupole modes, l = 2, are dominant in the first overtone n = 2. A test of seismic scaling relations using Gaia DR2 parallaxes reveals the possibility that the relations break down when νmax ≲ 3 $\mu {\rm Hz}$ (R ≳ 40 R⊙, or log $\rm L/L_{\odot }$ ≳ 2.6). Our homogeneous measurements of pulsation amplitude and period for 3213 LPVs will be valuable for probing effects of pulsation on mass-loss, in particular in those stars with periods around 60 d, which has been argued as a threshold of substantial pulsation-triggered mass-loss.
Structural and stellar-population properties versus bulge types in Sloan Digital Sky Survey central galaxies
Authors: Luo Yifei , Faber S M , Rodríguez-Puebla Aldo , Woo Joanna , Guo Yicheng , Koo David C , Primack Joel R , Chen Zhu , Yesuf Hassen M , Lin Lin , Barro Guillermo , Fang Jerome J , Pandya Viraj , Huertas-Company M , Mao Shude 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
This paper studies pseudo-bulges (P-bulges) and classical bulges (C-bulges) in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) central galaxies using the new bulge indicator ΔΣ1, which measures relative central stellar-mass surface density within 1 kpc. We compare ΔΣ1 to the established bulge-type indicator Δ〈μe〉 from Gadotti (2009) and show that classifying by ΔΣ1 agrees well with Δ〈μe〉. ΔΣ1 requires no bulge–disc decomposition and can be measured on SDSS images out to z = 0.07. Bulge types using it are mapped on to 20 different structural and stellar-population properties for 12 000 SDSS central galaxies with masses 10.0 &lt; log M*/M⊙ &lt; 10.4. New trends emerge from this large sample. Structural parameters show fairly linear log–log relations versus ΔΣ1 and Δ〈μe〉 with only moderate scatter, while stellar-population parameters show a highly non-linear ‘elbow’ in which specific star formation rate remains roughly flat with increasing central density and then falls rapidly at the elbow, where galaxies begin to quench. P-bulges occupy the low-density end of the horizontal arm of the elbow and are universally star forming, while C-bulges occupy the elbow and the vertical branch and exhibit a wide range of star formation rates at a fixed density. The non-linear relation between central density and star formation rate has been seen before, but this mapping on to bulge class is new. The wide range of star formation rates in C-bulges helps to explain why bulge classifications using different parameters have sometimes disagreed in the past. The elbow-shaped relation between density and stellar indices suggests that central structure and stellar populations evolve at different rates as galaxies begin to quench.
Exploratory Evaluation of Bezlotoxumab on Outcomes Associated With Clostridioides difficile Infection in MODIFY I/II Participants With Cancer
Authors: Cornely Oliver A , Mullane Kathleen M , Birch Thomas , Hazan-Steinberg Sabine , Nathan Richard , Bouza Emilio , Calfee David P , Ellison Misoo Chung , Wong Michael T , Dorr Mary Beth 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is reportedly higher and the cure rate lower in individuals with cancer vs those without cancer. An exploratory post hoc analysis of the MODIFY I/II trials (NCT01241552/NCT01513239) investigated how bezlotoxumab affected the rate of CDI-related outcomes in participants with cancer.

Methods
Participants received a single infusion of bezlotoxumab (10 mg/kg) or placebo during anti-CDI antibacterial treatment. A post hoc analysis of CDI-related outcomes was conducted in subgroups of MODIFY I/II participants with and without cancer.

Results
Of 1554 participants in the modified intent-to-treat (mITT) population, 382 (24.6%) were diagnosed with cancer (bezlotoxumab 190, placebo 192). Of participants without cancer, 591 and 581 received bezlotoxumab and placebo, respectively. In the placebo group, initial clinical cure (ICC) was achieved by fewer cancer participants vs participants without cancer (71.9% vs 83.1%; absolute difference, –11.3%; 95% CI, –18.6% to –4.5%); however, CDI recurrence (rCDI) rates were similar in cancer (30.4%) and noncancer (34.0%) participants. In participants with cancer, bezlotoxumab treatment had no effect on ICC rate compared with placebo (76.8% vs 71.9%), but resulted in a statistically significant reduction in rCDI vs placebo (17.8% vs 30.4%; absolute difference, –12.6%; 95% CI, –22.5% to –2.7%).

Conclusions
In this post hoc analysis of participants with cancer enrolled in MODIFY I/II, the rate of rCDI in bezlotoxumab-treated participants was lower than in placebo-treated participants. Additional studies are needed to confirm these results.

Clinical Trial Registration
MODIFY I (NCT01241552), MODIFY II (NCT01513239).
The Fall of the Labor Share and the Rise of Superstar Firms*
Authors: Autor David , Dorn David , Katz Lawrence F , Patterson Christina , Van Reenen John 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe fall of labor’s share of GDP in the United States and many other countries in recent decades is well documented but its causes remain uncertain. Existing empirical assessments typically rely on industry or macro data, obscuring heterogeneity among firms. In this article, we analyze micro panel data from the U.S. Economic Census since 1982 and document empirical patterns to assess a new interpretation of the fall in the labor share based on the rise of “superstar firms.” If globalization or technological changes push sales toward the most productive firms in each industry, product market concentration will rise as industries become increasingly dominated by superstar firms, which have high markups and a low labor share of value added. We empirically assess seven predictions of this hypothesis: (i) industry sales will increasingly concentrate in a small number of firms; (ii) industries where concentration rises most will have the largest declines in the labor share; (iii) the fall in the labor share will be driven largely by reallocation rather than a fall in the unweighted mean labor share across all firms; (iv) the between-firm reallocation component of the fall in the labor share will be greatest in the sectors with the largest increases in market concentration; (v) the industries that are becoming more concentrated will exhibit faster growth of productivity; (vi) the aggregate markup will rise more than the typical firm’s markup; and (vii) these patterns should be observed not only in U.S. firms but also internationally. We find support for all of these predictions.