bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DRIMC: an improved drug repositioning approach using Bayesian inductive matrix completion
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Xu Hunan , Li Xiaozhong , Gao Qiang , Wang Lin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMotivationOne of the most important problems in drug discovery research is to precisely predict a new indication for an existing drug, i.e. drug repositioning. Recent recommendation system-based methods have tackled this problem using matrix completion models. The models identify latent factors contributing to known drug-disease associations, and then infer novel drug-disease associations by the correlations between latent factors. However, these models have not fully considered the various drug data sources and the sparsity of the drug-disease association matrix. In addition, using the global structure of the drug-disease association data may introduce noise, and consequently limit the prediction power.ResultsIn this work, we propose a novel drug repositioning approach by using Bayesian inductive matrix completion (DRIMC). First, we embed four drug data sources into a drug similarity matrix and two disease data sources in a disease similarity matrix. Then, for each drug or disease, its feature is described by similarity values between it and its nearest neighbors, and these features for drugs and diseases are mapped onto a shared latent space. We model the association probability for each drug-disease pair by inductive matrix completion, where the properties of drugs and diseases are represented by projections of drugs and diseases, respectively. As the known drug-disease associations have been manually verified, they are more trustworthy and important than the unknown pairs. We assign higher confidence levels to known association pairs compared with unknown pairs. We perform comprehensive experiments on three benchmark datasets, and DRIMC improves prediction accuracy compared with six stat-of-the-art approaches.Availability and implementationSource code and datasets are available at https://github.com/linwang1982/DRIMC.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Bovine sperm samples induce different NET phenotypes in a NADPH oxidase-, PAD4-, and Ca++-dependent process†
Authors: Fichtner Theresa , Kotarski Franziska , Gärtner Ulrich , Conejeros Iván , Hermosilla Carlos , Wrenzycki Christine , Taubert Anja 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Deposition of sperm during artificial insemination in the bovine female reproductive tract results in early host innate immune reactions of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Furthermore, sperm-mediated neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation (NETosis) was recently reported to occur in different mammalian species, including humans. We, here, investigated the interactions of bovine PMN with different semen-derived samples and analyzed in more depth molecular aspects of this effector mechanism. Overall, confrontation of PMN with sperm/cell preparation (SCP) resulted in a rapid and dose-dependent NET formation leading to effective spermatozoa entrapment. Thereby, spermatozoa induced different phenotypes of NETs. Immunostaining analyses revealed the presence of histones (H3), neutrophil elastase (NE), and pentraxin (PTX) in sperm-triggered NET structures. Fresh SCP strongly induced NETosis than frozen-thawed ones. The level of NETosis was not related to spermatozoa viability. SCP as well as purified sperm cells (SCs) and supernatant (SN) induce NETosis, although the reaction in SC was lower. Enhanced levels of oxygen consumption and proton leak in PMN revealed sperm SNs but not purified SCs as PMN activators. Functional inhibition experiments revealed sperm-triggered NETosis as an NADPH oxidase- and peptidylarginine deiminase 4-dependent process and proved to be dependent on intra- and extracellular Ca++ influxes while myeloperoxidase activity and as ERK1/2- and PI3K-related signaling pathways did not seem to play a pivotal role in this effector mechanism. From these findings, we speculate that sperm-derived NETosis might also occur in vivo during artificial insemination and might therefore play a role related to reduced fertility.
Abrupt, Asynchronous Changes in Action Representations by Anterior Cingulate Cortex Neurons during Trial and Error Learning
Authors: Emberly Eldon , Seamans Jeremy K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The ability to act on knowledge about the value of stimuli or actions factors into simple foraging behaviors as well as complex forms of decision-making. In striatal regions, action representations are thought to acquire value through a gradual (reinforcement-learning based) process. It is unclear whether this is also true for anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) where neuronal representations tend to change abruptly. We recorded from ensembles of ACC neurons as rats deduced which of 3 levers was rewarded each day. The rat’s lever preferences changed gradually throughout the sessions as they eventually came to focus on the rewarded lever. Most individual neurons changed their responses to both rewarded and nonrewarded lever presses abruptly (&lt;2 trials). These transitions occurred asynchronously across the population but peaked near the point where the rats began to focus on the rewarded lever. Because the individual transitions were asynchronous, the overall change at the population level appeared gradual. Abrupt transitions in action representations of ACC neurons may be part of a mechanism that alters choice strategies as new information is acquired.
Improved Methods of Analysis for Oxygen, Carbon Monoxide, and Iron on Fingertip Blood
Authors: Natelson Samuel , Menning Carol M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Improved gasometric methods of analyses for oxygen and carbon monoxide in fingertip blood are described. The accuracy of the method for oxygen is evaluated by comparison with the iron concentration of the blood. The accuracy of the method for carbon monoxide is evaluated by analyzing samples of blood saturated with carbon monoxide serially diluted with the same blood saturated with oxygen.
Technics are described for obtaining the blood for analysis from fingertip puncture.
Effect of Shaking on the Accuracy of Salt Fractionation Methods For Serum Albumin
Authors: Saifer Abraham , Zymaris Michael C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
1. The important factors causing albumin denaturation in the presence of sodium sulfite when shaking with ether or ether-Span, are the method and time of shaking, and the free air space available for shaking.
2. Gentle inversion with ether-Span for 30 seconds or less, and a free air space of about 1.3 cm.3 gave results with the Wolfson-Cohn procedure (10) which were in close agreement with the electrophoretic method in 42 normal and pathologic sera.
3. There is little or no albumin denaturation from shaking with ether in the presence of 21.2% sodium sulfate as used in the procedure of Wolfson-Cohn (10)for albumin plus α-globulins.
Seromucoid in Hepatobiliary Disease
Authors: Mandel Emanuel E , Gorsuch Thomas L , Cooper Gerald E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Seromucoid was determined in 165 patients with jaundice or hepato. megaly, or both. Subnormal seromucoid concentrations were found in 39 per cent of 44 cases of viral hepatitis and in 15 per cent of 41 cases of alcoholic cirrhosis. This incidence increased to 50 and 43 per cent, respectively, when patients with complicating extrahepatic disease processes were excluded. No subnormal values were encountered in 55 cases of benign and malignant biliary obstruction which, however, yielded about 80 per cent of elevated values.
The empirical data point to the lower limit of the normal seromucoid range as providing a useful dividing line between obstructive and parenchymal jaundice: the finding of a subnormal level is strongly indicative of the latter. Normal or elevated levels may only occasionally be expected to make a decisive diagnostic contribution.
A more definitive evaluation of the clinical utility of this type of test must await improvements in analytic standardization, based on a more detailed knowledge of the chemical and physiologic identity of the compound than is available at present.
Simultaneous Determination of pH, CO2 Content, and Cell Volume in 0.1 ml. Aliquots of Cutaneous Blood
Authors: Singer Richard B , Shohl Jane , Bluemle Dolores B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
1. A modificationhas been described for the Shock and Hastings technic of determining simultaneously, in 0.1 ml. aliquots of blood, the pH,CO2. content, and packed cell volume. Advantages of the modification are collection and handling of the blood in a way that avoids the use of oil, and a modified design of the micropipets so that pH readings can be obtained in a filter photometer.
2. The standard error of measurement of a single reading was ±0.009 for the pH, and ±0.22mM/L. for the whole blood CO2. concentration. The reproducibility of the photocolorimetric pH measurement was slightly better than that obtainable with the most accurate commercially available glass electrode.
3. Results have been presented to show that blood can be handled in the presence of brief, limited, exposure to air with no detectable change in pH and only negligible change in CO2 content (decrease of less than 0.2 mM/L.). Errors attributable to collection and handling of cutaneous blood by this "virtual anaerobic" technic are not of significant magnitude.
4. Results have also been presented in confirmation of the fact that arterial and cutaneous blood are virtually identical in acid-base properties. A sample of as little as 0.5 ml. of cutaneous blood, analyzed by the microtechnic, provides the necessary and sufficient data for a description of the state of acid-base balance. This includes calculation of the physiologically important variables, arterial CO2 pressure, and whole-blood buffer base concentration, thus furnishing a measure of the respiratory factor and the metabolic factor in any acid-base disturbance. With a sample size of 1.5 ml. it is also possible to determine other individual constituents of plasma, such as sodium, chioride, and total protein.
5. The technic is useful in the study of clinical disturbances of acid-base balance, especially in infants and children.
A New Method for Scanning Electrophoretograms
Authors: Kabara Jon J , Zyskowski Diana , Pokornicki Helena 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A new instrument is described for evaluating electrophoretograms on various media. The same densitometer can be used to evaluate spots on chromatographic strips and for colorimetric analysis of solutions. The versatility of this instrument makes it a useful adjunct to any analytical laboratory.
Simplified Ultramicro Determination of Carbon Dioxide Content Using the Natelson Microgasometer
Authors: Martinek Robert G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A rapid and greatly simplified method for the determination of serum carbon dioxide content, using the Natelson microgasometer, has been described.
Elimination of the absorption of carbon dioxide with alkali and the use of a single, unified reagent promote greater ease and facility of analysis, and insure greater precision.
An Improved Method for the Measurement of Urinary 17-Ketosteroids of Small Laboratory Animals
Authors: Ryan W T , Ferro W F , Beyler A L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A modified procedure for the estimation of urinary 17-ketosteroids includes the addition of formalin to urine before hot-acid hydrolysis and a separation of Zimmerman chromogen from nonspecific chromogen. Values of 17-ketosteroids are reported for the castrate rat and the intact guinea-pig following ACTH administration.
A Punched-Card Reference System for Biochemists
Authors: Weissman Norman 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A simple binomial-code punched-card system for biochemists is described. Employing major and minor classifications, the system can handle a total of 812 subjects in two rows of 29 holes each. Enough theoretical and practical technics are illustrated to enable the novice to devise a system suited to his own needs.
Enzyme Activities during Hepatic Injury Caused by Carbon Tetrachloride
Authors: Friedman Max M , Lapan Bernard 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Rats injected with carbon tetrachloride show markedly elevated plasma glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and plasma fumarase but, at the same time, these enzyme activities do not decrease in the liver.
Three mechanisms are proposed which may account for the increase in plasma enzymes: first, a transfer of the enzyme systems from the necrotized liver cell to the plasma; second, the synthesis of plasma enzymes as the response to hepatic injury; third, disruption of the mitochondrion.
A Simple Method of Preparative Electrophoresis
Authors: Ressler Newton , Joseph Ramon R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method of preparative electrophoresis is described. A volume of approximately 1 ml. of protein solution can be applied with the cell used. A "marker" solution, applied adjacent to the sample to be separated, indicates the positions of the protein bands during the migration. The procedure has the advantages of a high degree of recovery, simplicity of operation, and utilization of an electrophoretic cell which can also be applied to other electrophoretic procedures.
Quantitation of Some Abnormal Hemoglobins
Authors: Kelsey Jarel R , Kloss Robert A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method is presented for identification and quantitation of abnormal hemoglobins. Electrophoretic fractionation with cellulose acetate is followed by elution of each fraction into Drabkin's solution. In the presence of Drabkin's solution hemoglobin is converted to cyanmethemoglobin and measured in any standard photometer at 540 mµ.
Gas Chromatographic Determination of Lower Alcohols in Biologic Samples
Authors: Lyons Harold , Bard Jacquelyn 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A procedure is described for the simultaneous determination of methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol in biologic samples, using a low-cost gas chromatograph. A combination of the use of anhydrous calcium sulfate (Drierite) absorption of most of the water in the sample followed by an n-butanol extraction of the alcohols from the solid absorbent is employed. This extraction technic is efficient and affords good sensitivity while eliminating the need for hydrogen flame detection and sample-port clean-out.
Studies on the Determination of Bile Pigments
Authors: Jacobs S L , Henry R J , Segalove M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Tests for total bilirubin on 10 icteric sera by 5 diazo procedures and a spectrophotometric method showed fair agreement with most samples but an occasional grossly discrepant result. Results for free and conjugated bilirubin by diazo methods, acetone precipitation, and extraction of serum with ethyl acetate and chloroform were widely discrepant. Problems in documentation of accuracy of such procedures are discussed. It is concluded that unavailability of reference standards of bilirubin conjugates poses a serious obstacle to solution of the analytical problems.
Studies on the Determination of Bile Pigments
Authors: Henry Richard J , Fernandez Alberto A , Berkman S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In an attempt to complete the standardization of the "quantitative" method for the determination of urobilinogen in urine, recoveries of added urobilin varied erratically between 50 and 80%. Experiments to demonstrate the cause of the low recoveries suggest that urobilin is altered in the reduction procedure by the presence of urine.
A Rapid Semiautomatic System of Chemical Analysis using True Microspecimens
Authors: Walter A Richard , Gerarde Horace W 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper describes some biochemical applications of a self-filling, self-measuring, disposable, dilution micropipet. The device consists of a precision capillary in a plastic adapter and an attachable plastic bottle containing a premeasured volume of diluent or reagent. The human error in measuring microvolumes of liquid is elimimated by the self-filling, self-measuring action of the capillary. A quantitative transfer of sample to reagent is made by introducing the capillary into the bottle and rinsing the capillary by applying and releasing pressure on the walls of the container. The volume and composition of the reagent in the bottle can be varied depending on the test to be performed. An interesting application is its use as a disposable centrifuge tube containing a premeasured volume of stable deproteinizing agent. Other examples are determination of protein, bilirubin, serum sodium, and potassium, and predilution of serum or plasma for the microglucose determination using automatic chemical analysis.
Distribution of Ammonia in Cells and Plasma
Authors: Humoller F L , Barak A J , Holthaus J M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method for the determination of plasma and whole blood ammonia is outlined which incorporates the desirable features of several older methods. By means of this method it has been demonstrated that the distribution of ammonia in erythrocytes and plasma of normal individuals is nearly equal to that of hydrogen ions. The ratio remains constant in cirrhosis, alkalemia, and ammonemia. It was observed in 82 consecutive admissions of cirrhotic patients that alkalemia was present in only a small percentage of the cases.
Macroglobulinemia: The Usefulness of DL-Penicillamine and Paper Electrophoresis in Diagnosis
Authors: Campbell Donald J , Boenisch Thomas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The change in mobility of an abnormal globulin peak during paper electrophoresis in the presence of DL-penicillamine is the most useful of simple procedures suggested for differentiation between macroglobulin and myeloma protein. However, not all cases indicating macroglobulin by this procedure will correlate with criteria based on ultracentrifuge analysis or antigenic reaction.
Tris (hydroxymethyl) Aminomethane as a Standard for Kjeldahl Nitrogen Analysis
Authors: Rodkey F Lee 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Solutions of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Tris) have been shown to be a convenient primary standard for the Kjeldahl analysis. This compound is readily available in analytical reagent grade and has all the desirable properties of a primary standard. It is unnecessary to protect the Tris solution from C02, as any reaction between Tris and this gas cannot be detected by the titrimetric procedures involved.
Cholesterol Measurement in Serum and in Plasma
Authors: Grande Francisco , Amatuzio Donald S , Wada Shohachi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The effect on the plasma cholesterol concentration of various anticoagulants added to the blood in dry form, as compared with that of serum, has been studied.
The amounts of anticoagulants used, per 5 ml. of blood, were: heparin, 2.5 mg.; oxalate mixture, 12 mg.; tetrasodium EDTA, 5 mg.; sodium oxalate, 12mg.; and ACD mixture, 5.3 mg. citric acid, 15.8 mg. Na citrate, and 17.6 mg. dextrose.
All these anticoagulants caused a decrease in the plasma cholesterol concentration. The mean cholesterol decrease (serum minus plasma) produced by heparin was only 4 mg./100 ml. (S.E., ± 1.24), but this difference was statistically significant. When the heparin was prepared by drying a solution of heparin in 0.9% NaCl a greater difference between serum and plasma was observed.
The cholesterol difference (serum minus plasma) producd by Na oxalate increases with increasing amounts of anticoagulant.
The decrease in plasma cholesterol concentration produced by the anticoagulants can be explained by changes of water distribution between cells and plasma, reflected by changes of hematocrit produced by the anticoagulant.
An Automated Procedure for the Simultaneous Determination of Calcium and Phosphorus
Authors: Kessler Gerald , Wolfman Morris 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A completely automated method for the simultaneous or individual determination of calcium and phosphorus in serum and urine without preliminary sample treatment is reported. Separation of calcium and phosphorus from interfering materials is achieved by dialysis under acid conditions. The dialyzed calcium is determined colorimetrically using a metal complexing dye (cresolphthalein complexone) in an alkaline medium. Magnesium, phosphate, citrate, sulfate, etc., did not introduce significant errors under the test conditions. Inorganic phosphorus is determined by a modified Fiske-SubbaRow procedure. Reproducibility and recovery data as well as comparisons with manual methods are presented.
A Stable Murexide Reagent for the Estimation of Calcium in Micro Quantities of Serum
Authors: Spare Peter D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The effects of various solvents on the fading rate of alkaline murexide were studied. Glycerol, methanol, and propylene glycol were found to retard the fading rate of murexide at pH 12.0 to a considerable extent. Propylene glycol was the most satis-factory of these solvents. It was further noted that the fading rate of alkaline murexide in propylene glycol-water solution was directly proportional to the amount of water contained in the reagent, and that a reagent stable for at least 1 week at room temperature could be prepared.
Improved Quantitation of Cephalin-Cholesterol Flocculation Test
Authors: Martinek Robert G , Vimba Elvira , Mann Joseph D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A rapid turbidimetric method for the determination of cephalin-cholesterol flocculation is described. Greater specificity and photometric sensitivity have been achieved along with adequate precision.
The test is standardized with the conventional barium sulfate turbidity standards used for other laboratory procedures. Definition of results in turbidity units is proposed, and photometric standardization of the cephalin-cholesterol emulsion described. The stability of the emulsion is elucidated.
Comparison is made with a previously described quantitative method.
The Determination of Iodine in Biologic Material
Authors: Hoch H , Sinnett S L , McGavack T H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The chloric acid digestion of serum, followed by the ceric sulfate reduction test for iodine has been shown to give results reproducible to within ± 0.00035 µg. iodine per test sample (1) if the entire digestion tubes are kept hot during the combustion step so that products of incomplete oxidation are vaporized, (2) if the perchloric acid and sulfuric acid concentrations in the final digest are adjusted to 1.64 normal (16.5%) and 0.37 normal, respectively, (3) if attention is paid to the order of addition of the reagents, and (4) if the arsenite reagent is added within a fraction of a second. The method gave values for total serum iodine in 20 healthy subjects between 5 and 10.5 µg./100 ml.
Minor Hemoglobins in Erythrocytes
Authors: Hoch H , Barr G H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Two minor hemoglobins present in normal human erythrocytes have been separated by paper electrophoresis.
The concentration of the component which was more positively charged than the bulk hemoglobin ranged between 1.5 and 6 per cent of the total hemoglobin. The concentration of the other, more negatively charged, component could not be measured on account of incomplete separation, but was estimated to range from very low values to 5 per cent.
Globin added to the buffer was found to suppress the irreversible adsorption of hemoglobin on the filter paper and thus to eliminate "tailing."
Serum Lipase Determination
Authors: Bunch Leitha D , Emerson Richard L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method for determining serum lipase activity requiring only 4 hours incubation at 37° is given. Olive oil in a phosphate buffer is the substrate. The values found in 57 healthy controls ranged between 0.06 and 0.87 units, with a mean of 0.31 ± 0.17 (S.D.). Some results are given for patients with pancreatitis, miscellaneous pathologic conditions, and healthy controls.