bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of handover delay and buffer capacity in mobile OpenFlow‐based networks
Authors: Panev Strahil , Latkoski Pero 
Published: August 2020

SummarySoftware‐defined networking (SDN) is a network concept that brings significant benefits for the mobile cellular operators. In an SDN‐based core network, the average service time of an OpenFlow switch is highly influenced by the total capacity and type of the output buffer, which is used for temporary storage of the incoming packets. In this work, the main goal is to model the handover delay due to the exchange of OpenFlow‐related messages in mobile SDN networks. The handover delay is defined as the overall delay experienced by the mobile node within the handover procedure, when reestablishing an ongoing session from the switch in the source eNodeB to the switch in the destination eNodeB. We propose a new analytical model, and we compare two systems with different SDN switch designs that model a continuous time Markov process by using quasi‐birth–death processes: (1) single shared buffer without priority (model SFB), used for all output ports for both control and user traffic, and (2) two isolated buffers with priority (model priority finite buffering [PFB]), one for control and the other for user plane traffic, where the control traffic is always prioritized. The two proposed systems are compared in terms of total handover delay and minimal buffer capacity needed to satisfy a certain packet error ratio imposed by the link. The mathematical modeling is verified via extensive simulations. In terms of handover delay, the results show that the model PFB outperforms the model SFB, especially for networks with high number of users and high probability of packet‐in messages. As for the buffer dimensioning analysis, for lower arrival rates, low number of users, and low probability of packet‐in messages, the model SFB has the advantage of requiring a smaller buffer size.
Genetic algorithm for biobjective optimization of indoor LTE femtocell deployment
Authors: Figueras‐Benítez George E. , Badra Renny E. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe optimization of indoor femtocell base stations (FBS) placement is a highly complex problem in which multiple performance figures can be considered. In this paper, we propose a biobjective optimization approach based on non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA‐II) to solve the indoor FBS deployment problem in residential scenarios where a single cell is deployed within the coverage of a single dominant interfering external macro base station (MBS). The optimization problem is formulated with the objective of jointly minimizing outage probability and maximizing normalized downlink average throughput. Several conditions are simultaneously considered under the framework of Monte Carlo simulations, such as the effect of co‐channel interference in uplink and downlink, buildings with arbitrary layouts, realistic transmission schemes and antenna radiation patterns, random user distributions, and a well‐established empirical path loss model. The proposed algorithm, which determines the location and orientation of the FBS's antenna that provides a suitable compromise between the two objective functions, is evaluated in this paper. First, two different experiments are proposed to investigate the algorithm convergence; then, statistical analyses are formulated to characterize the relation between the values achieved for both objective functions; finally, the computational load is evaluated. Results indicate the convergence of the proposed method towards the real Pareto front and a significant reduction of the computational time with respect to a reference method based on exhaustive search, while pointing at new criteria for the selection of the objective functions.
Two new genetically modified mouse alleles labeling distinct phases of retinal ganglion cell development by fluorescent proteins
Authors: Ge Yichen , Wu Fuguo , Cheng Mobin , Bard Jonathan , Mu Xiuqian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring development, all retinal cell types arise from retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) in a step‐wise fashion. Atoh7 and Pou4f2 mark, and function in, two phases of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) genesis; Atoh7 functions in a subpopulation of RPCs to render them competent for the RGC fate, whereas Pou4f2 participates in RGC fate specification and RGC differentiation. Despite extensive research on their roles, the properties of the two phases represented by these two factors have not been well studied, likely due to the retinal cellular heterogeneity.ResultsIn this report, we describe two novel knock‐in mouse alleles, Atoh7zsGreenCreERT2 and Pou4f2FlagtdTomato, which labeled retinal cells in the two phases of RGC development by fluorescent proteins. Also, the Atoh7zsGreenCreERT2 allele allowed for indirect labeling of RGCs and other cell types upon tamoxifen induction in a dose‐dependent manner. Further, these alleles could be used to purify retinal cells in the different phases by fluorescence assisted cell sorting (FACS). Single cell RNA‐seq analysis of purified cells from Atoh7zsGreenCreERT2 retinas further validated that this allele labeled both transitional/competent RPCs and their progenies including RGCs.ConclusionsThus, these two alleles are very useful tools for studying the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying RGC formation.
On chip synthesis of Au nanoparticles by microwave heating
Authors: Takeuchi Masaya , Kishihara Mitsuyoshi , Fukuoka Takao , Yamaguchi Akinobu , Utsumi Yuichi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe demonstrated the on‐chip synthesis of Au nanoparticles achieved by a microwave‐induced reaction in a microfluidic channel. The chip structure consists of a waveguide and a microchannel through the inside of the waveguide. A postwall waveguide, in which metallic posts are continuously arranged on the side wall, is utilized to confine microwave fields. This configuration allows a solution to be inserted inside the waveguide by the microchannel passing between the metallic posts. In order to realize the miniaturization of the chip, the 24.125 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band is utilized instead of the commonly used 2.45 GHz ISM band. When pure water is heated in the microchannel under microwave input power of 3.0 W, temperature increases to 70°C were confirmed. In this paper, this chip is adapted to synthesize Au nanoparticles via a microwave‐induced reaction. After irradiating at a microwave power of 3.0 W and an irradiation time of 5 min, we observed absorbance and dynamic light scattering of the reactant, and the results indicated the generation of Au nanoparticles. This microwave synthesis system allows us to achieve automatic and rapid selective synthesis of nanoparticles in a solution.
Diverging responses to threats across generations in zooplankton
Authors: Sha Yongcui , Tesson Sylvie V. M. , Hansson Lars‐Anders 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOur understanding on how organisms evolutionarily cope with simultaneously occurring, multiple threats over generations is still elusive. In a long‐term experimental study, we therefore exposed clones of a freshwater cladoceran, Daphnia magna, to threats from predation and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) during three consecutive parthenogenetic generations. We show that Daphnia can adapt to different sets of threats within three generations through modifying morphology, swimming behavior, or life‐history traits. When faced with predator cues, D. magna responded with reduced body size, whereas exposure to UVR induced behavioral tolerance when again exposed to this threat. Such UVR‐tolerant behavior was initially associated with a reduced clutch size, but Daphnia restored the reproductive output gradually through generations. The findings advance our understanding on how those common invertebrates, with a global distribution, are able to persist and rapidly become successful in a changing environment.
Predicted alteration of surface activity as a consequence of climate change
Authors: Gade Meaghan R. , Connette Grant M. , Crawford John A. , Hocking Daniel J. , Maerz John C. , Milanovich Joseph R. , Peterman William E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWildlife are faced with numerous threats to survival, none more pressing than that of climate change. Understanding how species will respond behaviorally, physiologically, and demographically to a changing climate is a cornerstone of many contemporary ecological studies, especially for organisms, such as amphibians, whose persistence is closely tied to abiotic conditions. Activity is a useful parameter for understanding the effects of climate change because activity is directly linked to fitness as it dictates foraging times, energy budgets, and mating opportunities. However, activity can be challenging to measure directly, especially for secretive organisms like plethodontid salamanders, which only become surface active when conditions are cool and moist because of their anatomical and physiological restrictions. We estimated abiotic predictors of surface activity for the seven species of the Plethodon jordani complex. Five independent data sets collected from 2004 to 2017 were used to determine the parameters driving salamander surface activity in the present day, which were then used to predict potential activity changes over the next 80 yrs. Average active seasonal temperature and vapor pressure deficit were the strongest predictors of salamander surface activity and, without physiological or behavioral modifications, salamanders were predicted to exhibit a higher probability of surface activity during peak active season under future climate conditions. Temperatures during the active season likely do not exceed salamander thermal maxima to cause activity suppression and, until physiological limits are reached, future conditions may continue to increase activity. Our model is the first comprehensive field‐based study to assess current and future surface activity probability. Our study provides insights into how a key behavior driving fitness may be affected by climate change.
Warm temperatures increase population growth of a nonnative defoliator and inhibit demographic responses by parasitoids
Authors: Ward Samuel F. , Aukema Brian H. , Fei Songlin , Liebhold Andrew M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractChanges in thermal regimes that disparately affect hosts and parasitoids could release hosts from biological control. When multiple natural enemy species share a host, shifts in host–parasitoid dynamics could depend on whether natural enemies interact antagonistically vs. synergistically. We investigated how biotic and abiotic factors influence the population ecology of larch casebearer (Coleophora laricella), a nonnative pest, and two imported parasitoids,Agathis pumilaandChrysocharis laricinellae, by analyzing (1) temporal dynamics in defoliation from 1962 to 2018, and (2) historical, branch‐level data on densities of larch casebearer and parasitism rates by the two imported natural enemies from 1972 to 1995. Analyses of defoliation indicated that, prior to the widespread establishment of parasitoids (1962 to ~1980), larch casebearer outbreaks occurred in 2–6 yr cycles. This pattern was followed by a >15‐yr period during which populations were at low, apparently stable densities undetectable via aerial surveys, presumably under control from parasitoids. However, since the late 1990s and despite the persistence of both parasitoids, outbreaks exhibiting unstable dynamics have occurred. Analyses of branch‐level data indicated that growth of casebearer populations,A. pumilapopulations, and within‐casebearer densities ofC. laricinellae—a generalist whose population dynamics are likely also influenced by use of alternative hosts—were inhibited by density dependence, with high intraspecific densities in one year slowing growth into the next. Casebearer population growth was also inhibited by parasitism fromA. pumila, but notC. laricinellae, and increased with warmer autumnal temperatures. Growth ofA. pumilapopulations and within‐casebearer densities ofC. laricinellaeincreased with casebearer densities but decreased with warmer annual maximum temperatures. Moreover, parasitism byA. pumilawas associated with increased growth of within‐casebearer densities ofC. laricinellaewithout adverse effects on its own demographics, indicating a synergistic interaction between these parasitoids. Our results indicate that warming can be associated with opposing effects between trophic levels, with deleterious effects of warming on one natural enemy species potentially being exacerbated by similar impacts on another. Coupling of such parasitoid responses with positive responses of hosts to warming might have contributed to the return of casebearer outbreaks to North America.
Transcatheter tricuspid valve repair in the setting of heart failure with preserved or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Kresoja Karl‐Patrik , Lauten Alexander , Orban Mathias , Rommel Karl‐Philipp , Alushi Brunilda , Besler Christian , Braun Daniel , Unterhuber Matthias , Stangl Karl , Landmesser Ulf , Massberg Steffen , Thiele Holger , Hausleiter Jörg , Lurz Philipp 
Published: August 2020

AimsSevere tricuspid regurgitation (TR) impairs prognosis in patients with left‐sided heart failure (HF) with preserved (≥50%, HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (<50%, HFrEF). Transcatheter tricuspid valve edge‐to‐edge repair (TTVR) potentially improves prognosis among patients with severe TR. We sought to assess the impact of left‐sided HF types on outcomes of TTVR.Methods and resultsIn this retrospective study, 71 HFpEF and 40 HFrEF patients, defined according to the European Society of Cardiology criteria, with isolated TR treated by TTVR in two tertiary care centres between 2016 and 2019 were analysed. The primary outcome was a composite outcome of all‐cause mortality and HF hospitalization at 12 months [median follow‐up 238 (interquartile range 175–365) days]. Additionally, a propensity score matching with a conservatively treated cohort of 914 patients with severe TR was performed. Procedural success did not differ between HFpEF (mean age 75.9 ± 9.3 years) or HFrEF (mean age 74.7 ± 9.1 years) patients (86% vs. 78%, P = 0.299). The primary endpoint occurred more frequently in patients with HFrEF as compared to HFpEF (50% vs. 30%, P = 0.016). Procedural success was associated with a reduced occurrence of the primary endpoint among patients with HFpEF (P < 0.001) but not HFrEF (P = 0.813), while both groups showed improvement in New York Heart Association functional class (both P < 0.001). After matching for age, EuroSCORE II, presence of a right ventricular lead and systolic pulmonary artery pressure, successful TTVR was associated with lower mortality as compared to conservative therapy in HFpEF patients (P = 0.020), but not in HFrEF patients (P = 0.274).ConclusionTranscatheter tricuspid valve edge‐to‐edge repair might be a treatment option in patients with severe TR and HFpEF compared to conservative therapy.
Mothers’ appraisals of injustice in the context of their child’s chronic pain: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Baert Fleur , McParland Joanna , Miller Megan Marie , Hirsh Adam Todd , Wallace Ewan , Dickson Adele , Trost Zina , Vervoort Tine 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn line with research highlighting the role of observer appraisals in understanding individuals’ pain experience, recent work has demonstrated the effects of parental child‐ and self‐oriented injustice appraisals on child pain‐related outcomes. However, research on parental injustice appraisals is in its infancy and lacks a valid and context‐specific operationalization of what parental injustice appraisals of child pain precisely entail. The current study presents an in‐depth qualitative analysis of parental child‐ and self‐oriented appraisals of injustice in the context of their child's chronic pain.MethodsTwenty‐one mothers of children living with chronic pain participated in one of five focus group interviews conducted in Ghent (Belgium), Glasgow (Scotland) and Indianapolis (USA).ResultsThe interviews were subjected to interpretative phenomenological analysis, which revealed three key justice‐related themes, labelled ‘You shouldn't be in this much pain’, ‘The problem's probably with the mother’ and ‘At least it's not cancer’. Maternal injustice appraisals focused mainly on the child rather than the self and reflected various perceived barriers to their efforts to provide quality of life for their child. A fourth theme labelled ‘Not everybody gets a healthy child’ reflected maternal strategies to effectively cope with the child's condition and the associated appraisals of injustice.ConclusionsThe current findings attest to the relevance of (child‐ and self‐oriented) injustice in the parental experience of caring for a child with chronic pain and provides insight into the specific content and scope of these appraisals. As such, this study provides valuable insights to further research in this area.SignificanceThe current study presents an in‐depth qualitative analysis of parental appraisals of injustice in the context of their child's chronic pain condition. The findings provide valuable insights into the phenomenology of this construct and may inform future research and assessment methods. Furthermore, the themes reported in this study may contribute to clinical practice, as they may raise awareness of parental concerns regarding their child's pain management.
An insight into charge/discharge behaviors of lithium/sodium‐sulfur conversion batteries and their similarity to the lithium/sodium‐ion intercalation batteries: Relation of delivered capacity vs current rate
Authors: Kalantarian Mohammad Mahdi , TaherTalari Maryam , Yousefi‐Mashhour Hatef 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a mathematic relationship between obtained capacity and the corresponding current rate for the Li‐S and Na‐S conversion batteries. Using experimental data on different conditions of the Li/Na‐S batteries, taken from literature, it is established that the inverse value of obtained capacity is changing linearly with respect to square root of the corresponding applied current rate. The theoretical‐based relationship has been established for the Li‐ion and Na‐ion batteries. Therefore, this paper proposes similar behavior for the conversion and intercalation batteries. The proposed relationship and its beyond approach proffer estimations of: alteration of capacity by rate, optimal cathode mass, corresponding reaction components, and fraction of (in)active particles. Also, they offer a quantitative criterion for performance and rate‐capability, the capability to justify observed phenomena, and also qualification of the powder, preparation, and assembling of the cell.
Chances and challenges of machine learning‐based disease classification in genetic association studies illustrated on age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Guenther Felix , Brandl Caroline , Winkler Thomas W. , Wanner Veronika , Stark Klaus , Kuechenhoff Helmut , Heid Iris M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractImaging technology and machine learning algorithms for disease classification set the stage for high‐throughput phenotyping and promising new avenues for genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). Despite emerging algorithms, there has been no successful application in GWAS so far. We establish machine learning‐based phenotyping in genetic association analysis as misclassification problem. To evaluate chances and challenges, we performed a GWAS based on automatically classified age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) in UK Biobank (images from 135,500 eyes; 68,400 persons). We quantified misclassification of automatically derived AMD in internal validation data (4,001 eyes; 2,013 persons) and developed a maximum likelihood approach (MLA) to account for it when estimating genetic association. We demonstrate that our MLA guards against bias and artifacts in simulation studies. By combining a GWAS on automatically derived AMD and our MLA in UK Biobank data, we were able to dissect true association (ARMS2/HTRA1, CFH) from artifacts (near HERC2) and identified eye color as associated with the misclassification. On this example, we provide a proof‐of‐concept that a GWAS using machine learning‐derived disease classification yields relevant results and that misclassification needs to be considered in analysis. These findings generalize to other phenotypes and emphasize the utility of genetic data for understanding misclassification structure of machine learning algorithms.
Ten‐Eleven Translocation 1 Promotes Malignant Progression of Cholangiocarcinoma With Wild‐Type Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1
Authors: Bai Xuewei , Zhang Hongyu , Zhou Yamei , Nagaoka Katsuya , Meng Jialin , Ji Chengcheng , Liu Dan , Dong Xianghui , Cao Kevin , Mulla Joud , Cheng Zhixiang , Mueller William , Bay Amalia , Hildebrand Grace , Lu Shaolei , Wallace Joselynn , Wands Jack R. , Sun Bei , Huang Chiung‐Kuei 
Published: August 2020

Background and Aims
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly lethal disease without effective therapeutic approaches. The whole‐genome sequencing data indicate that about 20% of patients with CCA have isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations, which have been suggested to target 2‐oxoglutarate (OG)–dependent dioxygenases in promoting CCA carcinogenesis. However, the clinical study indicates that patients with CCA and mutant IDH1 have better prognosis than those with wild‐type IDH1, further complicating the roles of 2‐OG‐dependent enzymes.

Approach and Results
This study aimed to clarify if ten‐eleven translocation 1 (TET1), which is one of the 2‐OG‐dependent enzymes functioning in regulating 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) formation, is involved in CCA progression. By analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set, TET1 mRNA was found to be substantially up‐regulated in patients with CCA when compared with noncancerous bile ducts. Additionally, TET1 protein expression was significantly elevated in human CCA tumors. CCA cells were challenged with α‐ketoglutarate (α‐KG) and dimethyl‐α‐KG (DM‐α‐KG), which are cosubstrates for TET1 dioxygenase. The treatments with α‐KG and DM‐α‐KG promoted 5hmC formation and malignancy of CCA cells. Molecular and pharmacological approaches were used to inhibit TET1 activity, and these treatments substantially suppressed 5hmC and CCA carcinogenesis. Mechanistically, it was found that knockdown of TET1 may suppress CCA progression by targeting cell growth and apoptosis through epigenetic regulation. Consistently, targeting TET1 significantly inhibited CCA malignant progression in a liver orthotopic xenograft model by targeting cell growth and apoptosis.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that expression of TET1 is highly associated with CCA carcinogenesis. It will be important to evaluate TET1 expression in CCA tumors before application of the IDH1 mutation inhibitor because the inhibitor suppresses 2‐hydroxyglutarate expression, which may result in activation of TET, potentially leading to CCA malignancy.