bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐protein diet: A barrier to the nephroprotective effects of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors?
Authors: Mazzucato Marta , Fioretto Paola , Avogaro Angelo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGlomerular hyperfiltration is a common finding in patients with diabetes and poor glycaemic control; whole‐kidney hyperfiltration, with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) values above normal, should be differentiated from single nephron hyperfiltration, consequent to nephron loss and compensatory hyperfiltration of the remnant nephrons. This is the result of an imbalance between the vascular tone of the afferent and efferent arterioles. Hormonal influences and/or an impaired tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) system, because of excessive sodium (Na+) and glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule, contribute to determine hyperfiltration. Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), by decreasing Na+ reabsorption and increasing the delivery of Na+ to the macula densa, lead to normalization of TGF, and, consequently, decrease GFR (both whole and single nephron). High‐protein diets are popular among patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes; importantly, 80% of the amino acids are also reabsorbed in the proximal tubule of the nephron and are transported by symporters that use the electro‐chemical gradient of Na+. Indeed, an acute protein load is associated with increased Na+ reabsorption and an increase in GFR. Here, we hypothesize that high‐protein diets, by increasing Na+ reabsorption and GFR, may offset the positive renal effects of SGLT2is.
Childhood medical history and psychosis in adult life: Findings from the Bologna EU‐GEI incidence and case–control study
Authors: D'Andrea Giuseppe , Suprani Federico , Tolomelli Elena , Gennari Monia , Lanari Marcello , Faldella Giacomo , Muratori Roberto , Berardi Domenico , Tarricone Ilaria 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo estimate the association between the inpatient admissions and Emergency Department (ED) visits before age of 18 years and adulthood‐onset first‐episode psychosis (FEP).MethodsWe conducted a FEP incidence and case–control study and calculated the odds ratios (ORs) for incident FEP associated with inpatient admissions and ED visits prior to age of 18 years, adjusting our results for cannabis use, parental socio‐economic class and childhood trauma.ResultsIn multivariate logistic regression analysis, odds of FEP increased significantly if the participant had a history of at least one inpatient admission (OR = 3.52; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.07‐11.54; P = .04) or at least one ED visit (OR = 8.93; 95%CI 2.41‐33.14; P = .001) before age of 18. The associations remained significant adjusting for cannabis use, education, parental socio‐economic class and childhood trauma.ConclusionConsistently with the socio‐neurodevelopmental model, we found a significant association between a positive history of hospital care in childhood and adulthood‐onset psychosis.
Personnel time required for supported employment and education services for individuals in a recent‐onset psychosis treatment program
Authors: Humensky Jennifer L. , Turner Luana R. , Dixon Lisa B. , Drake Robert E. , Becker Deborah R. , Subotnik Kenneth L. , Ventura Joseph , Nuechterlein Keith H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimIndividual Placement and Support (IPS) improves vocational outcomes in first‐episode psychosis patients, but policy makers need information on costs (and personnel time required) to conduct effective IPS.MethodsUsing chart records of 42 clients in a first‐episode psychosis study, we examined service time for specific activities over 18 months.ResultsThe IPS specialist averaged 92 (SD = 62) minutes per client per week: 39% of time was spent in direct client contact, 9% in meetings without the client, 14% in meetings with the treatment team, 14% in supervision and 24% on travel time. Time required was significantly higher when participants were seeking work/school placements, decreased over duration of enrolment and was similar for those using work vs school support.ConclusionsIPS service time covers numerous activities, is reduced when not seeking work/school placements and required less time over enrolment duration. Financing structures should support the full range of IPS services.
Is identity illusory?
Authors: Mogensen Andreas L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCertain of our traits are thought more central to who we are: they comprise ourindividual identity. What makes these traits privileged in this way? What accounts for theiridentity centrality? Although considerations of identity play a key role in many different areas of moral philosophy, I argue that we currently have no satisfactory account of the basis of identity centrality. Nor should we expect one. Rather, we should adopt an error theory: we should concede that there is nothing in reality corresponding to the perceived distinction between the central and peripheral traits of a person.
Diversified crop rotation with no‐till changes microbial distribution with depth and enhances activity in a subtropical Oxisol
Authors: Bonini Pires Carlos A. , Amado Telmo J. C. , Reimche Geovane , Schwalbert Raí , Sarto Marcos V. M. , Nicoloso Rodrigo S. , Fiorin Jackson E. , Rice Charles W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSoil microbial community and enzyme activity regulate carbon and nutrient cycling in soils. No‐till has elevated levels of carbon at the soil surface compared to intensively tilled soils. The introduction of crop diversification in agricultural systems increases soil carbon protection and aggregate stability. Thus, the association of no‐till with crop diversification may change the soil microbial distribution and enhance activity in comparison with tilled soils with no crop diversification. We tested this hypothesis assessing the soil microbial community and enzyme activity in a long‐term (32 yr) experiment with contrasting soil management (no‐tillage, (NT) and conventional tillage (CT)) and cropping systems in southern Brazil. Long‐term NT increased microbial biomass at 0–5 cm. In contrast, soil microbial biomass was higher in deeper soil layers (10–30 cm) of CT. No‐tillage and crop diversification increased the activity of β‐glucosidase, acid phosphatase and N‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase. The benefits of an intensified/diversified crop rotation were offset by soil tillage. The higher abundance of PLFA groups at 0–5 cm and 10–30 cm of respective NT and CT soils were correlated with increased C and nutrient levels (N, Ca2+, Mg2+) and decreased Al3+.Highlights
Crop diversification increased the soil microbial biomass and individual PLFA groups.
No‐till without crop diversification did not change microbial biomass.
No‐till with crop diversification increased enzyme activity.
Subsoil fertility restricted microbial responses in a no‐till Oxisol.
Methylation patterns of cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Iżykowska Katarzyna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL), global hypomethylation of the genome and hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes were detected. Studies show that methylation dysregulation is often a starting point for processes that might lead to malignant transformation. In this review, all data regarding copy‐number variations (CNVs) and mutations in main methylation players DNA methyltransferases/TET in CTCL were summarized. An overview of studies on gene‐specific hypomethylation and hypermethylation in CTCL, including methylation of microRNA genes, was presented. The possibility of using the methylation pattern in diagnosis and methylation inhibitors in treatment of CTCL was discussed.
Bio‐energetic data show weak spatial but strong seasonal differences in wetland quality for waders in a Mediterranean migration bottleneck
Authors: Deboelpaep Evelien , Coenegracht Tina , De Wolf Lore , Libert Alexandre , Vanschoenwinkel Bram , Koedam Nico 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Assessing the quality of wetlands as refuelling areas for migrating waterbirds based on resource distribution patterns is challenging. Resources in wetlands can vary both horizontally and vertically and may be differentially available to different bird species at different times of the year. Therefore, the extent to which wetland quality can be generalised across seasons and for a diversity of birds remains unresolved.

Spatiotemporal variation in abundance and quality of macrobenthos as food for migrating waders was studied in a set of wetland areas near a Mediterranean migration bottleneck in the Balkan peninsula, during both spring and autumn migration. Samples were subdivided into different depth layers to differentiate between parts of the sediment that are accessible to different groups of wader species. To quantify food availability and the resulting refuelling capacity in different wetland habitat types, abundance, wet weight, and lipid and protein content of invertebrate taxa were determined for each sample.

Invertebrate food availability and quality were markedly higher in spring than in autumn. Given the higher abundance and protein and lipid content of prey in spring, the total energy that could be harvested in spring (3.81 ± 0.79 kJ/m2) was about 7 times higher than in autumn (0.56 ± 0.12 kJ/m2). Most prey were found in the top layer of the sediment (0–22 mm depth), but about a third of the total energy was present in the deepest soil layer that only longer‐billed species could reach (55–200 mm depth). Higher quality prey items such as larger‐bodied and heavier polychaetes and bivalves were found in the deeper sediment layers.

For other taxa, there was no evident vertical pattern of increasing individual body size. Prey abundance differed between certain habitat types but, overall, food availability could not be linked to distinct habitats. In spring, redox potential tended to be higher, while pH, vegetation cover, conductivity, and temperature were lower than in autumn.

Different wetland habitat classes used in a conservation framework may provide similar food resources for waders. As a result, linking food availability to habitat classifications is not straightforward. Furthermore, seasonal variation in wetland quality requires a re‐evaluation of the importance of wetland areas during spring and autumn migration. Finally, nutritional analyses are essential for determining the capacity of wetlands to support refuelling by migratory waterbirds.
Investigations of vegetable tannins as hair dyes and their interactions with pre‐bleached hair fibres
Authors: Sargsyan L. , Vill V. , Hippe T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this work was to investigate an alternative hair‐dyeing method with vegetable colourants as the tannins, as well as the impact of pre‐treatment as the bleaching process.MethodsUntreated, 1, 2 and 3 times bleached hair tresses that were dyed with tannins in combination with metal salts were characterized. The wash fastness and the colour strength of the vegetable‐dyed hair tresses were spectrophotometrically investigated.ResultsTo determine the colour strengthKSand the wash fastness of vegetable‐dyed and pre‐bleached hair tresses, a three‐dimensional colour coordinate system – CIELab – which describes the visual spectra is used. The distance between two colours in the CIELab colour space is expressed by ∆E‐values, which are used to identify the wash fastness of the vegetable dye. The hair tresses that had been 3 times pre‐bleached showed the highest colour strength and the best wash fastness. The fixation of the tannin–mordant complexes on the hair fibre proceeded effectively just when the hair tresses were bleached before the dying process. It is suggested that the sulphonic acid groups, which increase after bleaching hair, interact with the tannin–mordant hair dye and lead to stronger cross‐links between keratinous fibres and tannin–mordant complexes. It was observed that the colour strength of the vegetable‐dyed tresses correlates with the bleaching process.ConclusionThe presented results demonstrate that the fixation of the vegetable tannin–mordant dying solution on the hair fibres succeed effectively on pre‐bleached hair tresses.
Do plasma cells contribute to the determination of their lifespan?
Authors: Tarlinton David 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLongevity of plasma cells is dependent on their ability to access and reside in so‐called survival niches that are predominantly located in the bone marrow. It is proposed that by some process a small fraction of the plasma cells generated in response to new antigen challenges can enter into the long‐lived repertoire by displacing existing plasma cells. Several lines of research show that this process is not stochastic as not all resident, long‐lived plasma cells appear equally likely to be displaced. The basis of these differences might reside in the niches, the plasma cells or a combination of both factors that intersect to create a distribution of susceptibility to replacement and lifespans. In this review, I consider factors that might vary in plasma cells and thus influence their access to niches and the ability of newly generated plasma cells to survive over the long term.
In search of theory? The workplace case study tradition in the 21st century
Authors: McGovern Patrick 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWorkplace case studies have been valued by some for their ability to advance theory while others dismiss them as little more than descriptive stories. This paper presents a detailed content analysis of case study articles to assess the relative balance between theory, conceptual analysis and description. Drawing on a random sample of papers (n = 173) published in leading journals, I find that fewer than one in seven are descriptive papers while only one in ten are theory oriented. Using three criteria, I identify exemplars of theoretical and conceptual analysis and show how these may be used to advance the field.
Association between plasma retinol levels and the risk of all‐cause mortality in general hypertensive patients: A nested case‐control study
Authors: Li Huan , He Panpan , Lin Tengfei , Guo Huiyuan , Li Youbao , Song Yun , Wang Binyan , Liu Chengzhang , Liu Lishun , Li Jianping , Zhang Yan , Huo Yong , Zhou Houqing , Yang Yan , Ling Wenhua , Wang Xiaobin , Zhang Hao , Xu Xiping , Qin Xianhui 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo evaluate the association between plasma retinol levels with all‐cause mortality and investigate the possible effect modifiers in general hypertensive patients with no previous cardiovascular disease (CVD). This case‐control study was nested in the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT), a randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial conducted in 32 communities in Anhui and Jiangsu provinces in China. The current study included 617 cases of all‐cause mortality and 617 controls matched on age (≤1 year), sex, treatment group, and study site. All‐cause mortality was the main outcome in this analysis, which included death due to any reason. The median follow‐up duration was 4.5 years. Overall, there was a U‐shaped relation of plasma retinol with all‐cause mortality. In the threshold effect analysis, the risk of all‐cause mortality significantly decreased with the increase in plasma retinol (per 10 μg/dL increments: OR, 0.73; 95% CI: 0.61‐0.87) in participants with plasma retinol <58.3 μg/dL and increased with the increase in plasma retinol (per 10 μg/dL increments: OR, 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.16) in those with plasma retinol ≥58.3 μg/L. In participants with plasma retinol <58.3 μg/dL, a stronger inverse association was observed in those with higher time‐averaged SBP (≥140 vs <140 mm Hg; P‐interaction = .034), or higher vitamin E levels (≥11.5 [quartile 4]; vs <11.5 μg/mL; P‐interaction = .013). The present study demonstrated that there was a U‐shaped relationship of plasma retinol levels with the risk of all‐cause mortality in general hypertensive patients, with a turning point around 58.3 μg/dL.
Retrospective assessment of cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 mRNA and protein expression and its association with patient survival in breast cancer
Authors: Saidy Behnaz , Rakha Emad A. , Green Andrew R. , Ellis Ian O. , Martin Stewart G. , Storr Sarah J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is an atypical member of the cyclin‐dependent kinase family and functions as a serine/threonine kinase that can be activated by non‐cyclin binding activators p35 or p39. Cdk5 expression and activity has been linked with the development and progression of cancer; however, its expression in breast cancer has not been fully described. Protein expression of Cdk5 was determined in a large cohort of early‐stage invasive breast cancer tumours (n = 1110) with long‐term follow‐up data using immunohistochemistry. Expression of CDK5 mRNA was assessed in the METABRIC cohort (n = 1980). Low nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of Cdk5 expression was significantly associated with shorter breast cancer‐specific survival (P = .004 and P = .001, respectively). Importantly, low nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of Cdk5 remained associated with survival in multivariate analysis, including potentially confounding factors (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.612, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.418‐0.896, P = .011 and HR = 0.507, 95% CI = 0.318‐0.809, P = .004, respectively). In addition, low nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of Cdk5 was significantly associated with clinicopathological criteria associated with adverse patient prognosis. Low CDK5 mRNA expression was associated with shorter patient survival (P = .005) in the METABRIC cohort; no associations between copy gain or loss and survival were observed. These data suggest that low Cdk5 expression is associated with poor clinical outcome of breast cancer patients and may be of clinical relevance.
High central venous oxygen saturation is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in septic shock: A prospective observational study
Authors: Wittayachamnankul Borwon , Apaijai Nattayaporn , Sutham Krongkarn , Chenthanakij Boriboon , Liwsrisakun Chalerm , Jaiwongkam Thidarat , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo test the hypothesis that an impaired mitochondrial function is associated with altered central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2), venous‐to‐arterial carbon dioxide tension difference (delta PCO2) or serum lactate in sepsis patients. This prospective cohort study was conducted in a single tertiary emergency department between April 2017 and March 2019. Patients with suspected sepsis were included in the study. Serum lactate was obtained in sepsis, ScvO2 and delta PCO2 were evaluated in septic shock patients. Mitochondrial function was determined from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Forty‐six patients with suspected sepsis were included. Of these, twenty patients were septic shock. Mitochondrial oxidative stress levels were increased in the high ScvO2 group (ScvO2 > 80%, n = 6), compared with the normal (70%‐80%, n = 9) and low ScvO2 (<70%, n = 5) groups. A strong linear relationship was observed between the mitochondrial oxidative stress and ScvO2 (r = .75; P = .01). However, mitochondrial respiration was increased in the low ScvO2 group. In addition, mitochondrial complex II protein levels were significantly decreased in the high ScvO2 group (P < .05). Additionally, there was no correlation between serum lactate, delta PCO2, and mitochondria oxidative stress or mitochondria function. ScvO2 can be potentially useful for developing new therapeutics to reduce mitochondrial dysfunction in septic shock patient.
A randomized controlled trial of the effects of non‐surgical periodontal therapy on cardiac function assessed by echocardiography in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Wang Yi , Liu Hin Nam , Zhen Zhe , Pelekos George , Wu Mei Zhen , Chen Yan , Tonetti Maurizio , Tse Hung Fat , Yiu Kai Hang , Jin Lijian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontitis significantly increases the risk of diabetic complications. This clinical trial investigated the effects of periodontal therapy on cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis.Materials and methodsFifty‐eight subjects with T2DM and periodontitis were randomly allocated to Treatment Group (n = 29) receiving non‐surgical periodontal therapy, and Control Group (n = 29) having only oral hygiene instructions with delayed periodontal treatment until completion of this 6‐month study. The left ventricle (LV) diastolic function was assessed by echocardiography with the tissue Doppler imaging index (E/e' ratio); and LV hypertrophy was evaluated by LV mass index (LVMI). Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis.ResultsThe intention‐to‐treat analysis showed that periodontal treatment significantly reduced the E/e' ratio by 1.66 (95% CI: −2.64 to −0.68, p < .01), along with marked improvement of periodontal conditions (p < .05). LVMI was not altered at the 6‐month follow‐up. The serum levels of N‐terminal pro‐B type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) as a cardiac stress biomarker, C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐6 decreased numerically without reaching statistical significance.ConclusionThe present study provides the first evidence that non‐surgical periodontal therapy may improve cardiac diastolic function in type 2 diabetic patients with periodontitis.
Research Review: Conflicts of Interest (COIs) in autism early intervention research – a meta‐analysis of COI influences on intervention effects
Authors: Bottema‐Beutel Kristen , Crowley Shannon , Sandbank Micheal , Woynaroski Tiffany G. 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe presence, types, disclosure rates, and effects of conflicts of interest (COIs) on autism early intervention research have not previously been studied. The purpose of this study was to examine these issues.MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis of a comprehensive meta‐analysis of all group‐design, nonpharmacological early intervention autism research conducted between 1970 and 2018. We coded reports for the presence/absence of COI statements, the types of COIs that were disclosed, and for 8 types of COIs, including (a) the author developed the intervention, (b) the author is affiliated with a clinical provider, (c) the author is employed by a clinical provider, (d) the author is affiliated with an institution that trains others to use the intervention, (e) the author receives payment or royalties related to the intervention, (f) the study was funded by an intervention provider, (g) the study used a commercially available measure developed by the author, and (h) proceeds of the intervention fund the author’s research. Frequencies and proportions were calculated to determine prevalence of COIs and COI disclosures. Meta‐analysis was used to estimate summary effects by COI type and to determine if they were larger than for reports with no coded COIs.ResultsSeventy percent of reports were coded for ≥ 1 COI, but only ~ 6% of reports contained COI statements fully accounting for all coded COIs. Metaregressions did not detect significant influences of any COI type on summary effects; however, point estimates for each COI type were larger than for reports with no coded COIs.ConclusionsConflicts of interest are prevalent but under‐reported in autism early intervention research. Improved reporting practices are necessary for researcher transparency and would enable more robust examination of the effects of COIs on research outcomes.