bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participace žáků očima učitelů: případová studie školy s mnohaletou zkušeností
Authors: Urbanová Eliška 
Published: April 2020

Abstrakt: České kurikulární dokumenty kladou na základní školy požadavek realizovat participaci žáků. Participace má dle výzkumů pozitivní přínos, avšak jen za předpokladu, že je realizována kvalitně. Pokud je zavedena pouze formálně a žáci nemají na dění ve škole skutečný vliv, může působit negativně. Klíčovou roli v tom, zda se participaci podaří realizovat kvalitně, hrají učitelé a jejich schopnost žáky k participaci vést. Rozvíjení participace však může být podle výzkumů spojeno s obavami učitelů o ztrátu autority. Cílem studie je proto odhalit, jak mohou učitelé participaci vnímat a co podle nich jejich postoj formovalo. Na základě pedagogy popsaných zkušeností článek nastiňuje, co může vedení školy udělat pro to, aby učitelé participaci nevnímali jako nepříjemnou povinnost, neboť právě to vede k formální realizaci participace. Metody: Výzkum byl realizován formou případové studie školy, která má s participací zkušenosti. Ve škole proběhly hloubkové rozhovory s deseti pedagogy a studium dokumentů. Výsledky: Ve škole převažuje pozitivní náhled pedagogů. Oceňují totiž, jaký vliv participace na děti má. Přesto si ale někdy na aktivity žáků stěžují, přičemž hlavní příčiny stížností jsou dvě. Jednak aktivity žáků někdy ruší pedagogy v jejich práci, jednak někteří pedagogové ve spojitosti s participací zažili i nepříjemné zkušenosti. Závěry: Řešení těchto neladů napomáhá vzájemný respekt mezi učiteli a ředitelem. Jako důležité se ukázalo také nalezení shody na cílech vzdělávání. Klíčové je však poskytnout pedagogům dostatek informací o tom, co mohou od žáků očekávat a jak mohou jejich aktivitu podpořit, aby se v situacích, kdy jsou žáci aktivní, cítili dobře a žáky od aktivity neodrazovali.
Klíčová slova: participace žáků, výchova k občanství, občanské vzdělávání, demokracie ve škole, postoj učitelů k participaci žáků, reforma školy, inovace ve vzdělávání.
Přírodovědné standardy další generace v USA – reálná změna k lepšímu, či jen vize tvůrců?
Authors: Holec Jakub , Dvořák Dominik 
Published: April 2020

Abstrakt: Případová studie založená na analýze dokumentů popisuje charakteristiky nového standardu pro přírodovědné vzdělávání v kontextu vzdělávacích reforem ve Spojených státech amerických.Hlavní téma: Přírodovědné standardy další generace (Next Generation Science Standards, NGSS) představují inovativní přístup k výuce přírodních věd. Zdůrazňují propojení očekávaných výstupů vzdělávání v přírodních vědách s procesy podporujícími jejich dosažení s důrazem na aktivní zkoumání přírodních jevů a na nadpředmětové kompetence. S odstupem pěti let od jejich zveřejnění jsou zajímavým případem pro studium kontextů vedoucích k vzniku kurikulárního dokumentu a hodnocení jeho vlivu na přírodovědnou výuku.Posloupnost výkladu: Uvádíme aktuální politicko-sociální kontexty a procesy vedoucí ke vzniku nových amerických standardů přírodovědného vzdělávání. Vysvětlujeme strukturu NGSS, na příkladech ukazujeme jejich obsah a porovnáváme jej s předešlými národními standardy pro přírodní vědy. Popisujeme i dosavadní poznatky o vlivu nových standardů na realizaci přírodovědného vzdělávání v USA a o překážkách pro jejich implementaci.Závěry: Americké NGSS představují ambiciózní dokument propojující požadované znalosti v oblasti přírodních věd s procesy vedoucími k jejich získávání. Při implementaci NGSS se výrazně projevuje rozdílná kvalita vzdělávání napříč jednotlivými státy federace i uvnitř nich. K většímu přijetí nových standardů bude nezbytná podpora učitelů v realizaci výuky zaměřené na aktivní zkoumání přírodních jevů a samotná vnitřní motivace učitelů takovým způsobem učit.
Klíčová slova: přírodovědné vzdělávání, kurikulum, kurikulární reforma, standardy, Next Generation Science Standards, USA
Konstruktivistické a kognitivně-komunikační paradigma jako východisko koncepce výuky českého jazyka
Authors: Štěpáník Stanislav 
Published: April 2020

Abstrakt: Předložená teoretická studie se zabývá problematikou utváření učebního prostředí determinující kvalitu výuky českého (mateřského) jazyka s ohledem na integraci sémanticko-logické struktury obsahu propojením jazykové a komunikační složky předmětu. Nejprve popisuje obecná východiska současného stavu se zvláštním důrazem na vztah oboru (lingvistiky) a školního předmětu, resp. výuky, analyzuje potíže, které dosavadní pojetí výuky češtiny přináší, a objasňuje jejich příčiny. Na problém se dívá z pohledu transdisciplinární didaktiky i oborové didaktiky českého jazyka. Jako řešení pak předkládá koncepci výuky českého jazyka nazvanou komunikační nauka o českém jazyku, vymezuje její zdroje a stanovuje její program.
Klíčová slova: transdisciplinární didaktika, didaktika českého jazyka, český jazyk, koncepce výuky, komunikační nauka o českém jazyku, konstruktivismus, tradice, inovace.
The Activity “At the Swallow’s Nest” and Its Use in Developing Environmental Ethics in Primary School Pupils
Authors: Jančaříková Kateřina 
Published: April 2020

Abstract: Th e theoretical part of the paper introduces environmental ethics and points out its most frequent issues. It shows that the objective of education is to support pupils in their autonomous decision making. Th e objectives of this research study were a) to implement the environmental activity “At the Swallow’s Nest” with primary school pupils and to verify its functionality, b) to find out what decisions were taken by pupils and how these decisions were justified, and c) to discover what influenced the pupils’ decision making. For these purposes, the method of action research was used, based on records of children’s statements, a description of their behaviour, and a questionnaire survey. Overall, the author conducted the activity with 380 primary school pupils. Th e questionnaire was collected from 158 pupils. Th e results show that: (a) primary pupils can already discuss environmental problems and learn how to solve them; b) the pupils’ decisions are influenced by a number of variables, c) there is no correlation between a decision and any of the controlled variables (age, family background, religion, etc.). A single dependency was detected, namely the dependency on the group (if it was a permanent group), which (given that the voting was anonymous) can be interpreted as the influence of the class teacher on their pupils’ decisions. Conclusions: Although solving similar types of activities is not common in the conception of environmental education in Czech schools (let alone on the primary school level), similar pedagogical interventions seem to be a suitable tool in environmental moral education.
Keywords: environmental ethics, environmental education, decision-making processes, primary education.
Assessment of a change of protocol of prenatal screening by inclusion of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis
Authors: Cabra-Rodríguez Rocío , Rodríguez Guadalupe Bueno , Rosa Cristina Santos , Castaño López Miguel Ángel , Muñoz Sonia Delgado , Justel Antonio León 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) is a test for the detection of major fetal chromosomal abnormalities in maternal blood during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of NIPS implemented within the framework of the Screening Program for Congenital Abnormalities of the Andalusian Health System.

Methods
A retrospective observational study was undertaken to determine the number of NIPS tests performed since its introduction. The number of invasive diagnostic tests done after the implementation of NIPS in the patients included in the program between March 2016 and August 2017 was also quantified.

Results
A total of 6,258 combined first- and second trimester screening tests were performed, covering 95% of the population. In total, 250 subjects were identified as high risk, of whom 200 underwent NIPS after loss to follow-up. NIPS showed a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 76.84–100%) and a specificity of 99.46% (95% CI: 97.04–99.99%).

Conclusions
This test has proven to have a very high sensitivity and specificity. The results obtained demonstrate that the incorporation of NIPS in clinical practice minimizes the rate of miscarriages and reduces the frequency of invasive procedures by 70%.
Differences in Human Motoneuron Excitability Between Functionally Diverse Muscles
Authors: Taylor Christopher , Kmiec Tyler , Thompson Christopher 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Spinal motoneurons (MN) transmit neural commands from the brain to the muscles they innervate and, as a result, produce functional movement. However, MNs are not simply passive conduits of these command and, instead, actively shape motor output through alterations in intrinsic excitability. We hypothesize that the excitability of MNs is not fixed across the body; instead, MNs are functionally tuned to the tasks they control. Here, we investigate this mapping of MN excitability across motor pools.
Methods: High-density surface electromyography of the tibialis anterior (TA) and first dorsal interosseous (FDI) was recorded from four neurologically intact participants while they performed low-level, isometric contractions. The data were decomposed into underlying motor unit action potentials and paired motor unit analyses were subsequently performed on these spike trains to quantify MN excitability (ΔF).
Results: 1,638 motor unit spike trains were extracted across all contractions. Mann-Whitney U test revealed that all subjects (4/4) had significantly higher maximal discharge rates in FDI, 19.13 [17.62 – 20.59] pps, when compared to the TA, 13.08 [11.51 – 15.46] pps. All subjects (4/4) had a higher ΔF in the TA (4.22 [2.89 – 5.61] pps) than the FDI (3.62 [1.23 – 5.94] pps), with 3/4 reaching statistical significance.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the discharge rate and intrinsic excitability of human MNs differs across TA and FDI motor pools during similar isometric tasks. These results support the notion that motor pools are functionally tuned to their environmental demands.
O TRABALHO E A FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE EM UM CURSO TÉCNICO INTEGRADO PERTENCENTE À REDE PÚBLICA ESTADUAL DO PARANÁ
Authors: Herreira Niélcia de Aguiar , Urbanetz Sandra Terezinha 
Published: April 2020

Esta pesquisa, com abordagem qualitativa, tem como objetivo refletir sobre o trabalho docente de professores que atuam em um curso técnico integrado ao ensino médio, em instituição de ensino pública estadual do Paraná. Visando o aprofundamento teórico e a reflexão em relação a temática foram consultados os autores e estudiosos da área, tais como Kuenzer e Caldas (2009), Bremer e Kuenzer (2012), Ciavatta (2010), Urbanetz (2012), Kuenzer e Garcia (2013), Machado (2008, 2013), Moura (2013). A partir do estudo pode-se aferir que poucos avanços foram alcançados em relação aos desafios identificados na implantação do ensino médio integrado no Estado do Paraná nos anos 2006, tais como integração, infraestrutura e formação docente.
Diagnostic significance of phlebotonometry for evaluation of indications for angioplasty and stenting of compressed iliac veins in patients with varicocele and pelvic congestion disease
Authors: Kapto A. A. 
Published: April 2020

The aim of the studywas to assess the information content of the phlebotonometry method when determining indications for endovascular x-ray angioplasty and stenting of the iliac veins during their arterial compression.Materials and methods.Thirty-six patients with bilateral varicocele and varicose veins of the pelvic organs were examined. The examination included assessment of the condition using the international index of erectile function, ultrasound examination of the scrotum organs with color Doppler mapping, transrectal ultrasound of the prostate and veins of the prostatic plexus, magnetic resonance imaging of the inferior vena cava and pelvic vessels, venography of the renal caval and ileocaval segments, phlebotonometry of these segments in a calm state and during the Valsalva test.Results.Pressure gradient between left and right external iliac veins >2 mm Hg in a calm state was detected in 4 (11.1 %) patients, >3 mm Hg with Valsalva test – in 9 (25.0 %) patients, between the left and right common iliac veins >2 mm Hg in a calm state – in 3 (8.3 %) patients, >3 mm Hg with a Valsalva test, in 15 (41.7 %) patients. At the same time, in 20 (55.6 %) of 36 cases, phlebotonometry data were of a contradictory logic nature, which we attribute to the insufficient sensitivity of this research method. Our data suggest that collateral circulation leads not only to varicose veins of the pelvic organs, but also to equalization of pressure in the ipsilateral segments of the iliac veins due to the law of communicating vessels.Conclusion.Phlebotonometry in the diagnosis of iliac venous compression can only be used as an additional research method. Indications for angioplasty and stenting of the iliac veins during compression should be determined on the basis of clinical data, the severity of varicose veins of the pelvic organs according to the results of transrectal ultrasound examination, the results of magnetic resonance imaging of the inferior vena cava and pelvic vessels (or computed tomography of the abdominal organs with contrast or multispiral computed tomography of the abdominal cavity organs), radiopaque phlebography and intravascular ultrasound.The author declares no conflict of interest.All patients gave written informed consent to participate in the study.
A Dangerous Crutch or Reliable Option: The Context of Cesarean Births on Isla Mujeres
Authors: Finnessy Liz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cesarean births are serious and costly surgical procedures that can be lifesaving in emergencies, but are becoming more preferable to vaginal births globally due to their comparative predictability and relative quickness. For example, a mother I spoke with had a two and a half day delivery, while a cesarean birth only takes around two hours. Cesarean births are predictable in that a doctor is in control of what is happening, instead of complimenting the natural process and rhythm of the laboring mother. This makes cesarean births preferable for many doctors and for some mothers as well. Ideally, the rate of cesarean sections would be 10-15 percent of all births, according to the World Health Organization, but in Mexico, nearly half of all births are cesarean births (Freyermuth, Munos, and del Pilar Ochoa 2017; WHO 2015). This paper shows how macro-level structures impact the type of birth a mother on Isla Mujeres wishes to have, assuming she is aware of such resources. Data comes from formal interviews with doctors and immigrants on Isla Mujeres, informal interviews with Mexican women living on Isla Mujeres, surveys, and participation observation at the Community Hospital.
Studying the Icarus Project Through Digital Bricolage: How Digital Platforms Reflect Shifting Strategies in a Social Movement Organization's Development
Authors: Fletcher Erica , Bossewitch Jonah 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article describes digital bricolage as a way to study the digital history of a social movement organization. Drawing from our separate research projects on The Icarus Project (TIP), we describe our respective strategies as a health humanities scholar and a journalist to trace the organization's evolution; and our research findings describe TIP's gradual shift from grassroots leadership to professional staff. In tracing TIP's digital evolution, we argue that digital bricolage can contribute to our understanding of digital organizing tactics used in modern health social movements.
Assessment of Environmental Radiation Hazard on Public Health around BSMMU Campus, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Hassan Faria , Rahman M. S. , Tareq Shafi M , Yeasmin S. 
Published: April 2020

Objective: Medical institution uses ionizing radiation for diagnosis or treatment by using ionizing radiation generating equipment such as X-ray machines, CT, PET scan, etc. and radioactive materials especially in nuclear medicine centers. The purpose of the study is to monitor the real-time radiation around the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) campus of Bangladesh for minimizing the ionizing radiation hazard on public health and the environment.
Method: The radiation monitoring was performed using a real-time portable digital radiation monitoring device. This real-time digital portable radiation monitoring device meets all European CE standards as well as the American “FCC 15 standard”. The portable radiation monitoring device was placed at 1 meter above the ground on the tripod and data acquisition time for each monitoring point (MP) was 1 hour. 32 MPs were selected for the collection of radiation dose rates around the BSMMU campus from March-May 2019.
Results: The measured dose rate around the BSMMU campus ranged from 0.02-3.15 µSv/hr with an average of 1.452 ± 0.883 µSv/hr. The annual effective dose was ranged from 0.117 ± 0.058 mSv to 5.445 ± 0.045 mSv with an average of 2.54 ± 1.566 mSv. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was estimated which ranged from 4×10ˆ-4 to 2×10ˆ-2 with an average value of 1×10ˆ-2 for 32 selected locations around BSMMU campus.
Conclusion: Dose monitoring helps to ensure the best possible protection of the radiation workers, patients, and the general public and provides an immediate indication of incorrect use of technical parameters or equipment malfunction. Not only that, but it is also essential to use an adequate amount of protective shielding for minimizing radiation hazard on public health and the environment from the scattering radiation of the hospital.
El trabajo en el siglo XXI
Authors: Humphries Jane , Schneider Benjamin 
Published: April 2020

Reseña bibliográfica de Richard Baldwin (2019). The Globotics Upheaval: Globalization, Robotics, and the Future of Work. Nueva York: Oxford University Press; David G. Blanchflower (2019). Not Working: Where Have All the Good Jobs Gone? Princeton: Princeton University Press, y Carl Benedikt Frey (2019). The Technology Trap: Capital, Labor, And Power in the Age of Automation. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
ANALISIS VARIASI BIAYA KONSTRUKSI ATAS DASAR PERBEDAAN KONSTRUKSI PONDASI DAN LANTAI
Authors: Muhammad Muhammad 
Published: April 2020

Jenis konstruksi pembangunan ruko di kota Banjarmasin ada bermacam-macam. Ada yang menggunakan pondasi terpusat pada kolom dan ada pula pondasi menerus pada sloof. Konstruksi lantai ada yang menggunakan sistem panggung dan ada pula yang menggunakan sistem urug, sehingga biaya per meter persegi biaya pembuatan ruko juga bervariasi. Adapun tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui/menemukan variasi biaya konstruksi per-m2 berdasarkan jenis konstruksi pondasi dan lantai dan bagaimanakah biaya konstruksi per-m2 yang paling minimum dalam pembangunan ruko di kota Banjarmasin jika dikaitkan dengan jenis-jenis konstruksi pondasi dan lantai. Penelitian ini berusaha menggali dan memanfaatkan data yang diperoleh dari pembangunan ruko yang dibangun di sekitar wilayah kota Banjarmasin, baik yang sudah selesai maupun dalam yang masih dalam tahap pelaksanaan konstruksi. Studi ini meliputi perhitungan analisa biaya pembangunan ruko pada 4 jenis konstruksi yang dikombinasikan, yaitu 2 jenis konstruksi pondasi dan 2 jenis kontruksi lantai, sehingga dapat diketahui biaya minimum dari kombinasi kedua jenis konstruksi pembangunan ruko di kota Banjarmasin.
Hegemonia e ensino de história: algumas considerações sobre o Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Silva Junior Renato Jales 
Published: April 2020

O artigo objetiva discutir alguns aspectos da história de Mato Grosso do Sul e sua relação com o ensino de História. Mais especificamente abordaremos a produção de sentidos hegemônicos sobre o território a partir da divisão política do antigo Mato Grosso e a disputa por memórias que se inicia nesse processo. A produção historiográfica sobre a criação do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul é marcada majoritariamente pela discussão do conceito de identidade. Na proposta deste texto deslocamos a discussão para o conceito de hegemonia para pensarmos as ações dos grupos política e economicamente dominantes como tentativas de se criar memórias hegemônicas para conseguir um consenso sobre quais seriam os modos de viver legítimos no estado.
Effect of Probiotic Supplementation along with Calorie Restriction on Metabolic Endotoxemia, Trimethylamine-N-Oxide, Inflammation, Metabolic Factors, and Gut Microbiota Profile in Coronary Artery Disease Patients: A Double Blind Placebo Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Moludi Jalal , Kafil Hossein Samadi , Gholizadeh Pouria , Alizadeh Mohammad 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Dysbiosis has been associated to increased microbial translocation, leading to chronic inflammation in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It has been proposed that modulation of gut microbiota by probiotic might modify metabolic endotoxemia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on metabolic endotoxemia, Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) and gut microbiota profiles in CVD subjects.Methods A 12-week randomized, double-blind, intervention on 44 patients with CVD. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either one LGG capsules 1.6 ×10 9 colony-forming unit (CFU) or the placebo capsules for 12 weeks. Gut microbiota profile and serum levels of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), Toll‐like receptor 4(TLR4), interleukin‐10(IL‐10), lipopolysaccharide(LPS), and TMAO were assessed before and after the intervention.Results A significant decrease in IL1-Beta concentration(-1.88 ± 2.25, vs. 0.56 ± 1.58 mmol/L, P=0.027), LPS levels(-5.20 ±2.70 vs. 2.96+ 5.27 mg/L, P=0.016), and TMAO levels (-19.34±20.40 vs. -6.45±7.7 mmol/L, P=0.043) was observed after the probiotic supplementation compared with the placebo. L. rhamnosus statically increased in intervention group while Bacteroidetes non - significantly increased in both groups. Subjects who had ≥2.5 kg weight loss showed signiﬁcantly improved in some variables, compared to patients with <2.5 kg weight reduction, regardless of the supplement they receive. Regression analysis revealed that baseline TMAO, changes of protein intakes and IL1-Beta predicted 58% of the final TMAO levels.Conclusion : These data provide preliminary evidence that probiotic supplementation has beneficial effects on depressive symptoms, metabolic endotoxemia, TMAO, and gut microbiota profile in subjects with CVD.