bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the Effect of Low Temperature on Impact Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy
Authors: zhao wei , Su WenJia , Li Liang , Fang Ding , Chen Ni 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Cryogenic cutting is becoming an attractive machining method for difficult-to-cut materials. However, it’s very difficult to analyze directly their cutting mechanism at low temperature. In order to better understand the various physical phenomena in the cryogenic cutting of titanium alloy, the Charpy impact test of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy at low temperatures (as low as -196 °C) was undertaken in this work. The Charpy absorbed energy of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy at low temperatures was investigated firstly. Then, by observing the microscopic and macroscopic morphology of the fracture, the impact properties and fracture modes of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy at low temperatures were analyzed. It was found that the impact toughness of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy reduces when the temperature decreases from 20 °C to -196 °C, and the fracture appears a tendency to become brittle. Meanwhile, three kinds of areas, i.e. shear lip area, fiber area, and radiation area, were found on the fracture morphology at each temperature. Those areas correspond to the shear fracture zone, crack initiation zone, and crack extension zone, respectively. With the decrease in temperature, the proportion of fiber area decreases, and the radiation area appears and increases gradually. However, fiber areas were still observed on the macroscopic morphology of the fracture under − 196 °C, which suggests that Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy still has the ability to deform plastically at such low temperatures. The research result in this work provide a fundamental support for analyzing the cutting mechanism of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy at low temperatures.
Nutrition and Psychosocial Factors were Associated with Possible Sarcopenia According to AWGS 2019
Authors: Kim Bokyoung , Lee Gyeong-Ye , Seo Young-Mi , Seo Ae-Rim , Kim Mi-Ji , Seo Sung-Hyo , Park Ki Soo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background This study aimed to provide basic data for preventing and managing sarcopenia by identifying the relationship between sarcopenia, malnutrition, and psychosocial factors among the elderly in the community.Methods The study included 1,019 subjects aged 60 and over. “Possible sarcopenia (PS)” was defined by low handgrip strength with or without reduced physical performance. Nutrition was evaluated according to the mini nutritional assessment (MNA), and the psychosocial factors examined were self-efficacy, social isolation, fear of falling, and social capital (trust and participation). A logistic regression analysis was also performed on the relationship between risk of malnutrition, psychosocial factors, and PS.Results MNA was significantly associated with social participation (exp(B) = 1.747, p < 0.001), fear of falling (exp(B) = 2.905, p < 0.001), and self-efficacy (high/low, exp(B) = 0.654, p = 0.011). In model 3, which included both MNA and psychosocial factors, PS was significantly associated with MNA (exp(B) = 2.529, p < 0.001) and fear of falling (exp(B) = 1.544, p = 0.045). Compared with the low self-efficacy group, the high group (exp(B) = 0.589, p = 0.009) was significant.Conclusion The factors related to PS include risk of malnutrition, fear of falls, and self-efficacy, and social participation was associated with increased risk of malnutrition. In addition to the health program, it will be necessary to improve self-efficacy so that individuals feel they can do activities of daily living themselves and to reduce their fear of falling through muscle strength and balance exercises. Finally, it is also necessary to increase regular participation in community social activities.
T Cell Exhaustion and Senescence in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Lymphoma Patients
Authors: Liu Huihui , Xu Junhui , Wang Lihong , Mao Wenjun , Wang Bingjie , Liang Zeyin , Zhang Yang , Shi Yongjin , Tang Bo , Shen Ye , Dong Yujun , Ren Hanyun , Cen Xinan 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is tumorigenic, and can be detected in many kinds of lymphomas. Some studies have shown a worse prognosis for patients with EBV-associated lymphoma. However, the mechanism is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the T cell signatures in patients with EBV-associated lymphoma.
Methods

Peripheral blood was collected from 17 patients with EBV-associated lymphoma and 19 healthy donors. We first examined the proportions of the lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with both groups by flow cytometry. Then we employed the enzyme-linked immunospot assay to evaluate the EBV antigen-specific response of the cytotoxic T cells in the two groups. Finally, to explore the mechanism of T cells dysfunction in EBV-associated lymphoma, we examined the expression of multiple inhibitory receptors representing T cell exhaustion and biomarkers representing T cell senescence on the surfaces of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells.
Results

The ratio of peripheral CD4+ T cells and the absolute cell counts of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells were significantly decreased in patients with EBV-associated lymphoma compared with those of healthy donors. The IFN-γ production upon stimulation of EBV mixed peptides were remarkably reduced in the patients. Higher expression levels of T cell exhaustion markers, PD1, LAG3, TIM3 and CTLA4 on T cells were found in the patients. The two subsects of exhausted T cells (T-bethiPD1mid and EOMEShiPD1hi) were higher in the patients. More importantly, CXCR5+CD8+T cells controlling viral replication decreased significantly in the patients. The fractions of senescent T cells increased in the patients.
Conclusions

In summary, our study demonstrated that the reduced EBV-specific T cells, the exhaustion and senescence of T cells together contributed to the T cell dysfunction in the patients with EBV-associated lymphoma.
Clinical features in mild type and severe type of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Xu Wenxiong , Luo Qiumin , Chen Dabiao , Lei Ziying , Chen Yuanli , Wang Juan , Li Xuejun , Huang Zhanlian , Lin Bingliang , Gao Zhiliang , Liu Jing , Peng Liang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbroke in Wuhan and spread to the world quickly. We aim to describe the clinical features and compare them between mild type and severe type of COVID-19 patients.
Methods

Laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients were included in this study. Patients’ demographic data and clinical data were recorded and compared between mild type and severe type.
Results

Fifteen patients were confirmed COVID-19 and enrolled in this study. Six patients were of mild type, while 9 patients were of severe type. Statistical differences were found between mild type and severe type patients in retirement, epidemiological history, baseline blood level of lactate dehydrogenase and Oxygenation Index (All p < 0.05). All patients had ground-glass opacities without consolidation in initial chest computed tomography images, 2 (16.7%) patients had pulmonary nodules. There were no statistical differences between mild type and severe type patients in initial chest CT findings (All p > 0.05).
Conclusions

Differences can be found in baseline clinical features between mild type and severe type of COVID-19 patients to help health care providers making early judgement to the severity and proper treatment.
Trial registration:

The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04279782. Registered 20 February 2020 - Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04279782?term=NCT04279782&draw=2&rank=1
A Cross-Sectional Study on Oyo State Health Care Workers Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)
Authors: Ayinde Olubunmi , Usman Aishat Bukola , Aduroja Posi , Gbolahan Abass 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Health workers are at the front line of the COVID-19 outbreak response and as such are exposed to hazards that put them at risk of infection. Poor knowledge among HCWs and inadequate infection control practices may lead to the increased risk of COVID-19 nosocomial transmission. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude and practice of Oyo state health care workers on COVID-19 as part of emergency preparedness.
Methods

A hospital based cross-sectional survey was conducted in selected health facilities in Oyo State, Nigeria. A total of 350 HCWs were assessed for the knowledge, attitudes and practices on COVID-19 using a semi-structured questionnaire. Multivariate analysis was conducted to identify predictors of good knowledge at 95% confidence interval. with Epi-info software.
Results

The level of good knowledge on COVID-19 was 78.6% and positive attitude was 64% among the respondents. Majority of respondents practice safe measures in the prevention of COVID-19 including washing of hands (95.3%), routine cleaning (82.7%) and high-level disinfection (83.9%). However, use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was low (56.8%). Predictors of good knowledge on COVID-19 were being a female HCW [Adjusted Odd’s Ratio(AOR) = 6.5 95% CI 1.0-17.2], ≥ 10 years length in service[AOR = 5.2 95%CI 2.7–18.9] and being a secondary or tertiary facility[ AOR = 3.6 95%CI 1.7–32.2].
Conclusions

Overall knowledge and attitude were satisfactory however the practices of HCWs on the use of personal protective equipment was not satisfactory. Effective infection control measures including regular skill-based training and/or orientation for all categories of HCWs can improve infection control practices in health facilities.
The epistemology of the SARS-CoV-2 test
Authors: Klement Rainer J. , Bandyopadhyay Prasanta S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We investigate the epistemological consequences of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test for two relevant hypotheses: (i) V is the hypothesis that an individual has been infected with SARS-CoV-2; (ii) C is the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 is the sole cause of flu-like symptoms in a given patient. We ask two fundamental epistemological questions regarding each hypothesis: First, given a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, what should we believe about the hypothesis and to what degree? Second, how much evidence does a positive test provide for a hypothesis against its negation? We respond to each question within a formal Bayesian framework. We construe degree of confirmation as the difference between the posterior probability of the hypothesis and its prior, and the strength of evidence for a hypothesis against its alternative in terms of their likelihood ratio. We find that for realistic assumptions about the base rate of infected individuals, P(V)≲20%, positive tests having low specificity (75%) would not raise the posterior probability for V to more than 50%. Furthermore, if the test specificity is less than 88.1%, even a positive test having 95% sensitivity would only yield weak to moderate evidence for V against ¬V. We also find that in plausible scenarios, positive tests would only provide weak to moderate evidence for C unless the tests have a high specificity. One has thus to be careful in ascribing the symptoms or death of a positively tested patient to SARS-CoV-2, if the possibility exists that the disease has been caused by another pathogen.
Clinical heterogeneity and novel pathogenic variants of Chinese patients with neuroacanthocytosis
Authors: Yu Hao , Zhang Liang , Li Xiao-Yan , Wu Zhi-Ying 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Neuroacanthocytosis (NA) syndromes are a group of exceedingly rare diseases, including McLeod syndrome (MLS) and chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc). The characteristic phenotypes comprise a variety of movement disorders, including chorea, dystonia, and parkinsonism. We aimed to investigate the clinical heterogeneity and novel pathogenic variants of Chinese patients with neuroacanthocytosis.
Results

Three novel XK variants (c.942G > A, c.970A > T, c.422_423del) were identified in three index MLS patients and three novel VPS13A variants (c.3817C > T, c.9219C > A, c.3467T > A) in two index ChAc patients. In addition, we summarized the genotypes and phenotypes of reported MLA patients and ChAc patients in the Chinese population.
Conclusion

Our study expands the genetic spectrum of XK and VPS13A and helps the clinical diagnosis of neuroacanthocytosis.
Integrated analyses of rice dark response and leaf color regulation reveal links with porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism
Authors: Wang Tianxingzi , Chen Yue , Zhu Zheng , Liu Yuqing , Yan Gaowei , Xu Shan , Xu Haiqing , Yang Ming , Dou Shijuan , Li Liyun , Liu Guozhen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Light is a key regulatory signal for rice growth and development. Under dark stress, rice shows leaf yellowing. Whole genome transcriptomic analysis will identify differentially expressed genes (DEG) in dark-treated rice seedlings and DEG-enriched metabolic pathways. Rice leaf color is an essential agronomic trait. Traditional genetic experiments have reported over a hundred of leaf color-related (LCR) genes and some of them were also regulated by light signal. Thus, an integrated analysis for the two set of data will be helpful for illustration of the mechanism for both dark-response and leaf color regulation.
Results

Transcriptome changes in response to dark treatment were surveyed by RNA-Seq analysis. About 13,115 DEGs were identified. One hundred and fifty rice LCR genes were collected. It was found that 102 LCR genes (68.0%) were also dark-response DEGs, which suggests an overlap between dark response and LCR networks. Fifty DEG overlapped LCR genes was associated with chloroplast development. KEGG analysis revealed enrichment of LCR genes in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism (PCM) (18/44, 40.9%). Of the 18 LCR genes in the PCM pathway, 15 were dark-response DEGs (83.3%). More interestingly, most of them are involved in a central PCM sub-pathway, chlorophyll biosynthesis.
Conclusions

Integrated analysis for dark stress-response and leaf color regulation identified the correlation between the two processes and mutually supported evidences were obtained. It was found that PCM pathway, particularly chlorophyll biosynthesis process, is a core component of the overlap and plays important roles in rice LCR and dark stress-response. This study provides important clues for identifying additional LCR genes, understanding the mechanisms of dark response and leaf color regulation.
Level and Predicators of quality of Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response for Infectious Disease in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ajemu Kiros Fenta , Desta Abraham Aregay , Bezabih Nega Mamo , Araya Alemnesh Abraha , Hilawi Essayas Haregot 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The health impacts of recent global infectious disease outbreaks have demonstrated the importance of strengthening public health systems. The aim of the study was to assess the level of quality of integrated disease surveillance and response for infectious disease in public health facilities of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Methods: the study was facility based cross-sectional. It was conducted from June- July 2018 in 46 health facilities. It has involved mixed method approach both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Donabedian input-process-output quality assessment model was used to evaluate the service. The magnitude of the association was considered at p-value of ≤0.05 in multivariable logistic regression analysis using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at 95% confidence interval (CI). Concurrently, facility surveillance officers were subjected to an in-depth interview autonomously to explore factors for good and bad service quality. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Use of manual thematic approach was used for qualitative data analysis. Result: The level of the overall quality of IDSR service provision has rendered as good in 6 out of 46(13%) studied health facilities. Two third of studied health facilities were rated as good for input service quality but 34.7% for process service quality. The output service quality was two times better than the overall service quality. Being enrollment of HIT to rapid response team (AOR=7, 95% CI: 1.092- 37.857) and accessing technical guideline to the health facility (AOR=3, 95% CI: 0.399-22.567) were predictor factors for facilitating overall service quality.
Explorative analysis of a predictive score for patients with metastatic, castration resistant prostate cancer undergoing radioligand therapy with [177Lu]Lu-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen
Authors: Huang Kai , Schatka Imke , Rogasch Julian M.M. , Lindquist Randall L. , Santis Maria De , Erber Barbara , Radojewski Piotr , Brenner Winfried , Amthauer Holger 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Up to 60% of patients with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with [177Lu]Lu-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligand therapy (RLT) achieve partial biochemical response with a decrease of >50% in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. The remaining fraction of patients, however, do not respond to RLT. The aim of this explorative analysis was to identify pretherapeutic factors for the prediction of response. Methods: 46 patients (age = 68 years [53-87]) with mCRPC who consecutively underwent RLT with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA (median applied activity = 6 GBq [2.9-6.2]) were included and analysed retrospectively. Association of different clinical and laboratory factors and parameters from pretherapeutic 68Gallium-PSMA positron emission tomography (PET) with the outcome of RLT was tested (Fisher’s test). Outcome was defined as PSA changes 8 weeks after the second RLT (partial response [PR], PSA decrease >50%; progressive disease [PD], PSA increase ≥25%; stable disease [SD], others). Significant risk factors were combined in a predictive score.Results: Median pretherapeutic PSA was 79 ng/ml. Thirty percent of the patients showed a post-treatment PR (median: 73% PSA decrease), 35% SD (median: 17% PSA decrease) and 35% PD (median: 42% PSA increase). Significant predictors for PD were alkaline phosphatase (ALP) >135 U/l (p=0.030), PSA >200 ng/ml (p=0.036), and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the “hottest lesion” in pretherapeutic PET <45 (p=0.005). The predictive score including PSA, ALP, and SUVmax could separate 2 distinct groups of patients: ≤2 risk factors (81% PR or SD, 19% PD) and 3 risk factors (10% PR or SD, 90% PD). Conclusion: The presented predictive score allowed a pretherapeutic estimate of the expected response to RLT. This is hypothesis generating. Prospective trials are needed to test these predictive risk factors
Preclinical Assessment of a Novel Cardiovascular Telemedicine System
Authors: Kulin Dániel , Antali Flóra , Kulin Sándor , Wafa Dina , Lucz Konrád István , Veres Dániel Sándor , Miklós Zsuzsanna 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Introduction of telemonitoring systems to patient care which provide extensive information about the cardiovascular status of the patient is a promising direction to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Our team has developed a telemedical system which is based on the photoplethysmographic detection of the digital arterial pulse wave. The system incorporates a cloud-based automated algorithm which analyses the pulse contour to provide 15 scientifically established parameters for versatile characterization of cardiovascular function. The aim of the current study was to assess the variability of the measurements to test the applicability of the tool before clinical use. We assessed the repeatability of the measurements by detecting stable artificial signals, and also test-retest variability by repeatedly examining the pulse contours of healthy individuals under standardized conditions.
Results
Most contour parameters (stiffness index, reflection index, left ventricular ejection time index and mean interbeat intervals) are measured with high repeatability (coefficients of variation (CV) < 1% for each parameter), and exhibit acceptable intrapersonal fluctuations (CVs < 10%). However, some parameters derived from the second derivative of the pulse wave seem to be more variable (aging index, d/a ratio). This is explained by the typical alterations of the pulse wave under specific circumstances, which cause the flattening or complete disappearance of c and d inflections on the second derivative.
Conclusion
Our measurements proved that our telemonitoring system detects and analyses digital pulse contours with high accuracy and highlighted that second derivative parameters should be interpreted cautiously. We recommend the evaluation of these parameters only in those measurements where c and d points are detected reliably. Pulse contour parameters are stable in healthy individuals under standardized conditions, which allows detection of subtle abnormal alterations by the remote surveillance system.
The centrality of the trinity. Exploring the significance for christians, catechists and deacons
Authors: Goodey Daniel 
Published: April 2020

‘The mystery of the Most Holy Trinity is the central mystery of Christian faith and life ... the source of all the other mysteries of faith, the light that enlightens them.’ This passage from the teaching of the Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC) (234) on the profession of faith identifies the core principles and underlying recognition of Catholics regarding belief in a triune God – one God existent in three Persons: Father, Son and Holy Spirit. In addressing the people of Ephesus, St. Ignatius of Antioch (also known as Theophorus) said, faithful Christians were ‘being stones of the temple of the Father, prepared for the building of God the Father, and drawn up on high by the instrument of Jesus Christ, which is the cross, making use of the Holy Spirit as a rope, while your faith was the means by which you ascended, and your love the way which led up to God.’ (Ignatius of Antioch, 2014, loc. 4027.) St. Ignatius goes on to say, ‘the Holy Spirit does not speak His own things, but those of Christ, and that not from himself, but from the Lord’. The point St. Ignatius was making is that the three Persons of the triune God are integrally connected, and it is through the grace of the three-in-One that salvation is gained. Hence, the Trinity is the core of the Christian faith, but from the very beginning the faithful relied on metaphor to explain and help others understand how Three could be One