bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Science diplomacy as a tool for reducing conflict in the Arctic
Authors: Gutenev M I , Boyko E V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article considers the phenomenon of science diplomacy as a new form of cooperation between States to solve global problems in the Arctic region. Nowadays, the Arctic space is one of the potential geopolitical platforms where the world’s leading powers focus their special attention and create national strategies for developing the region. Despite the fact that there are currently no open interstate conflicts in the Arctic, there are certain tensions in the region that can provoke a global conflict. Science diplomacy is considered as a tool for reducing the level of conflict in the Arctic. A special place in this research is given to the definition of conflict and its dynamics in the region. The article is based on a quantitative study of the relationship between the use of scientific and diplomatic practices and the level of conflict in the Arctic. The methods of this study are event analysis and content analysis, which made it possible to conduct covariance and correlation analysis of variables. The result of the work was the construction of models of the relationship between science diplomacy and conflict in the Arctic region. The study concluded that the use of scientific and diplomatic practices in the Arctic contributes to reducing the level of conflict in the region.
On the prospects for China’ cooperation with the Arctic countries
Authors: Ryzhova A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Based on the analysis of official documents, materials of analytical centers, scientific publications, the authors conclude that in the medium term Russia and the Nordic countries will remain the priority partners of China in the Arctic. The development of China-U.S. cooperation in the Arctic is unlikely. Washington deliberately limits its partnership with Beijing. Canada is interested in Chinese investment in its polar regions, so economic cooperation in energy and mining sectors has a chance of development. Closer cooperation between China and Canada will be hindered by close allied relations between Canada and the United States. In order to develop Russian-Chinese cooperation in the Arctic, it seems important to pay attention to improving the competitiveness of Russian projects. China is considering various options for realizing its interests and choosing the optimal ones. The increase in activity of Chinese companies in the Arctic is accompanied by growing mistrust among the political circles of Arctic states regarding the motives for their operations in the region. The creation of an Arctic Infrastructure Investment Bank under the auspices of the Arctic Council would reduce political risks for both the Arctic states and China, and promote economic cooperation in the region.
Latvia’s role in the Arctic. Cooperation prospects
Authors: Dolzhenkova E , Mokhorov D 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Annotation. The aim of the current research is to scrutinize the role of the small states in Arctic regarding Latvia. The goal of the research is to reveal the small states promising cooperation routes in arctic region. By using regional research method to study the international cooperation situation there were revealed such budding routes as ecological safety, human resources, science, education, culture, investments, digitalization, cyber security, defense industry, rescue missions, telecommunications, IT technologies, mass media. At the same time the local method of the regional touch application allows to determine that Latvia as the other Baltic states should be a part of an integrated interaction with all the engaged countries basing on equal and parity mutual relations.
The Arctic policy of India
Authors: Pronina V , Yu Eidemiller K , Khazov V K , Rubtsova A V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article is devoted to the Indian Arctic policy. The author examines the history of Delhi’s presence in the region from the time of colonial dependence until the moment the country received the status of the permanent observer of the Arctic Council in 2013. Much attention is paid to the analysis of two opposed opinions on the role of India in the region. One group of scientists, referring to the lack of domestic energy resources, need to diversify energy flows and prevent China’s undivided dominance on the Arctic shelf, insists on India’s comprehensive (scientific, economic, and strategic) participation in the Arctic agenda. Another group, based on alarmist environmental rhetoric, advocates limiting interference into the region’s affairs. Analysis of external and internal conditions leads to the conclusion that none of the lines can be implemented completely. An uncertainty of India’s Arctic strategy, however, makes it possible to identify some trends and make a forecast on the future actions of the Asian giant in the region.
National interests of Japan and its emerging Arctic policy
Authors: Almazova-Ilyina A B , Vinogradov A D , Krasnozhenova E. E. , Yu Eidemiller K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper we discuss main challenges, both global and regional, that define Japan’s current policy for the Arctic. Global challenges like rising sea levels and threats to marine biodiversity primarily stem from rapid climate change in the Arctic. However, these developments also bring new opportunities that attract attention of governments and businesses. Shrinking covered in ice areas open up prospects for Arctic Ocean shipping and development of natural resources. Regional challenges mostly concern rivalry between China, Japan and South Korea, as well as Japan’s ‘mediator’ role between other states in East Asia and the Arctic. We then analyze policy initiatives in Arctic affairs declared by the government of Japan in the official documents as well as some practical outcomes of these policies. There are three main policy areas prioritized by Japan: research and development, international cooperation, and sustainability of further exploration of the Arctic. Ultimately, we attempt to identify national interests that are confronted by existing challenges and pursued by Japan in its emerging Arctic endeavors. Japan’s current interests in the Arctic include energy and food security, economic interests in new shipping opportunities and extraction of natural resources, urgent environmental action, and a search for a stronger position in contemporary global and regional order.
Problems of socio-economic development of the Karelian Arctic and ways to overcome them, taking into account spatial and economic features and the legal status of the region
Authors: Volkov A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The economic and legal regime of the Russian Arctic is currently in its nascent stage of development. The Arctic has acquired the status of a special object of government control. However, not only new management tools are being formed to enhance the socio-economic development of the region, the borders of the management object themselves are changing - new territories are being included in the Arctic zone. Thus, the formation of the economic and legal regime of the Arctic zone and the incorporation of new territories into its spatial and economic structure not only go hand in hand, but are also of an interdependent nature. In addition, the historically established system of resettlement and distribution of productive forces and the resource potential of the territory should be considered and analyzed based on the new circumstances, strategic development goals and tasks of the spatial organization of the economy of the Arctic zone region. The purpose of this article is to identify urgent problems of the socio-economic development of the municipalities of the Republic of Karelia included in the Arctic zone of Russia, and to develop directions for overcoming them within the strategic priorities for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. To achieve this goal, we analyzed the current stage in the formation of the economic and legal regime of the Russian Arctic, examined the features of the socio-economic development of the Karelian Arctic and the spatial organization of the economy, identified areas for improving the spatial organization of the economy of the region in the context of integration into existing projects for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and its legal regime. The conclusion was made about the need to expand the Karelian Arctic in order to form an economic space that determines the complex development of the territory. An alternative is the integration of the Karelian Arctic into the emerging support zones of neighboring regions.
Legal-economic regime of the Russian Arctic region in the international legal environment: evolution and development pathways
Authors: Volkov A , Tishkov S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Arctic vector in world policies is escalating, no doubt largely because of the predicted increase in the region’s involvement in global economic processes. One of the components of this process – definition of the legal status of the Arctic Ocean, is now in an active phase. The discord now seen in the establishment of international legal arrangements in the Arctic is due to: the international legal custom in the region, special conditions for economic activity in the Arctic region, emergence of new economic stakeholders in the region, global environmental challenges. For Arctic coastal states, like Russia, interests in the Arctic are of vital importance. Some countries, such as Russia, Canada and Norway, are interested in maintaining continuity in the international customary law, whereas some others, like China, Germany, or South Korea, are eager to introduce new means of legal regulation. This article suggests recommendations on further improving the national legislation and the instruments for managing the Arctic regional economic policy. Important considerations here are Russia’s strategic interests in the region, along with harmonization of relationships with other stakeholders, and mitigation of environmental risks. To this end, we have analysed the background for the formation of the international legal custom in the Arctic region, current trends in international law, valid economic grounds for countries to realize their interests in the Arctic. Special focus is on Russian economic policy in view of the challenging situation in the country’s national economy and its international affairs.
Efficiency management of technological renewal of production enterprises in the Arctic under conditions of economy digitalization
Authors: Zharov V 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Three main problems have been formulated and their solution will make it possible to ensure the maximum efficiency in the use of production resources - material, labor and fixed capital due to the digitalization of managing technological renewal of production enterprises in the Arctic. It is shown that these problems can be solved by using a new direction of economic analysis of production systems—the investment- and- innovation analysis. It is proposed to use the coefficient of technological effectiveness level, defined by the ratio of capital intensity of production to its material intensity of product or by the ratio of material productivity to capital productivity, as well as the level of material productivity as targets of technological renewal. It is established that the simultaneous increase in the values of the coefficient of technological effectiveness level, material and capital productivity is possible only at one of six possible stages of the life cycle of technological development of enterprises. An algorithm of enterprises’ actions in making management decisions on technological renewal of production has been developed. It is proposed to supplement the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of investment projects in their implementation at existing enterprises by calculating the damage from the reduction of material productivity, capital productivity and labor productivity in case of delay in the technological renewal of production.
Potential for transition to circular economy in regions of the Russian Arctic
Authors: Gutman S , Teslya A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The paper considers the issues related to maintaining the environmental safety of regions in the context of sustainable development. We have established that the goals of circular economy, aimed at saving resources and using regenerative environmentally friendly production technologies are correlated with the goals of achieving sustainable development. We have analyzed Russia’s existing legislation concerning the principles of circular economy and sustainable development. We have found there is currently no unified integrated strategy aimed making the transition to circular economy. We have analyzed the indicators from the standpoint of their correlation with the goals of sustainable development, approaches of other countries and statistical data available. We have developed a system of indicators for assessing the level of circular economy in the context of sustainable development, adapted for regional specifics in view of the the current level of environmental monitoring. The results of analysis were used to make recommendations for establishing the conditions favoring the transition to circular economy, including at the regional level.
Problematic aspects and potentialities of applying the principles of a circular economy in the mining industry
Authors: Knysh V A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The concept of a circular economy (CE) gradually penetrates into various spheres of production and consumption as part of the “Green Course” ideology, ensuring sustainable development in the long term. The mining sector cannot be called interested in transforming the linear economy into a more resource-efficient circular economy using regeneration systems. The idea of cyclical recovery of values from waste and used products in closed supply chains is aimed at minimizing the use of scarce primary resources. The mining sector actors perceive this idea as a threat rather than an opportunity to improve their market position. Along with the drivers there are barriers and bottlenecks that impede the implementation of CE principles in the mining industry. There are very few studies related to development or adaptation of circular business models for mining companies. The aim of the work is to analyze the possibilities of applying the principles of CE in the Russian mining industry, taking into account European experience. Mineral extraction waste considerably affects the environment and can be a potential source of raw materials. Environmental problems associated with mining are acute in Arctic mining regions such as the Kola Peninsula. For struggling against wastes and harmful emissions the state began applying environmental regulations based on the best available technologies. In the metal ores mining segment, there are certain prerequisites for forming circular business models based on revealing the relationship between separate elements of the CE concept and introduction of BAT. The presence of such opportunities allows a consistent review of production waste within the CE framework, as well as linking the principles of circularity with the strategies for innovative development of mining enterprises to adapt them to new external challenges.
Prospects for implementing support for small and medium businesses in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation on the example of the republic and Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Larionov A A , Rat G I 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article analyzes the current policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic on the example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The perspective of the development of the Arctic zone of Russia of the Russian Federation in the context of 2025 and the implementation of existing investment projects aimed at the development of the Arctic zone of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are considered. The characteristic of the republic as a northern region is given, the Arctic territorial clusters of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are distinguished. A solution to the problem of lack of human resources and increasing the investment attractiveness of the Arctic zone of Russia is proposed, using the experience of China in innovative small and medium-sized businesses. A study of the actions and impact of the territories of advanced development and special economic zones on the development of the region.
Improving snow removal efficiency in Arctic cities
Authors: Mitroshina M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is quite urbanized. However, due to climatic conditions, the population of Arctic cities has recently declined. The task of the State is to change this trend. One of measures is creation of the comfortable urban environment which consists in modernization and improvement of quality of living conditions. It would seem that this task should be solved at the level of the city municipality [1], but if there are identical climatic restrictions for all cities, it is necessary to develop a single effective regional mechanism to overcome them. It is about snow removal in Arctic cities, where winter lasts more than six months, and the amount of precipitation sometimes exceeds the average values several times. And it is impossible to be prepared for this, because in such cases the issue of road safety and comfort of the urban environment for local residents and guests of the city is acute. The winter of this year in the Murmansk region showed that the existing snow removal system needs to be modernized. To this end, the author studied the Russian and foreign experience of snow removal in northern cities and developed recommendations to increase its efficiency.
Quantitative Assessment of Arctic Geoeconomic Space Development
Authors: Kikkas K N , Didenko N I , Krasnozhenova E E , Smolskaia N B 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The article presents a method for quantifying the development of the Arctic geoeconomic space by different countries. The Arctic reserves are estimated at 10-15% of the world’s reserves as two main studies – USGS (2008) and Wood Mackenzie and Fug Robertson (2006) – show. The resources are mainly concentrated on the shelf (about 85%), with 80% of the resources being gas resources. Of the five states bordering the Arctic, Russia has more than half of all undiscovered reserves. The observed melting of ice due to warming makes real plans for their development, which turns the Arctic zone into a leading strategic resource base. In the conducted research, the Arctic space is divided into the following areas: demographic; innovation and technology; environmental; production and markets; social; manufacturing. The indicators that evaluate these areas are presented. For each of the eight Arctic countries, baseline data on indicators for the period of 2006-2018 were collected. The indices for each country for each year indicator in every area were calculated on the basis of the initial statistical data. The indices are calculated as the arithmetic average of the partial indicators for each year indicator that characterizes each of the listed areas. The areas under consideration are ranked by significance and each sphere is assigned weight coefficients. The proposed formula for the integral index has the form: II = 0,125* I1 + 0,25* I2 + 0,25* I3 + 0,125* I4 + 0,125* I5 + 0,125*
I6. The results of the analysis by all areas are presented.
The Role of Green Economy in Strategic Socio-Economic Development of the Arctic Zone
Authors: Degtyaryova E V , Leyman G E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This article reflects the basic principles of the “green” economy. It is noted that the environmental factor has a huge impact on the development of the Arctic region. It is shown that the search for new ways and resources is necessary for the economic development of the Arctic. The influence of politics, socio-economic development of the Northern region and the “green” economy on the rational development of the Arctic is estimated. Environmental risks are considered. It shows the need for state funding and the possibility of obtaining additional “green” funding for the development of the Arctic territory. It will not only make a profit by investing in the real sector of the economy, but also solve important environmental, social and climate problems. Financing the “green” economy will not only reduce the risks to the environment and its degradation, but also preserve ecosystems, provide support for new development strategies, programs and projects in the energy sector of the Arctic region.
Territorial and administrative regulation of the Arctic social and economic development through creating an autonomous
Authors: Lugovskoy A M , Mezhova L A , Lopatnikov D L , Sushkova O Y 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Having analyzed the current administrative division and administrative and financial management, the authors suggest creating a Federal district with a single system of economic, social and environmental administration aimed to achieve the goals of sustainable development in the region within the Russian Federation on the basis of consistency and territorial and ethnic integrity. The forwarded structural change will improve the effectiveness of the Federal government by establishing the Arctic Northern Sea Route infrastructure assuming such issues as transnational traffic, global base for hydrocarbon exploration and production, as well as targeted investments. Shorter time intervals ease monitoring and contribute to management efficiency and execution of decisions along with delayering. Funding and raising taxes through centralizing and integrating certain marginal regions into one comprehensive structure will become more efficient and will result in less spending. Creating a Federal structure based on new principles will become a driver for a handful of initiatives, such as arranging inter-ethnic economic relations between the subjects of the Russian Federation, implementing a consistent and systemic approach to monitoring and administration for natural resources. Technology management and operational safety control will help avoid such accidents as man-made disasters in the region.