bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of lidocaine versus fentanyl on attenuation of hemodynamic responses to extubation after ear, nose and throat surgery in a resource limited setting: A prospective observational study
Authors: Lemma Diriba Teshome , Alemnew Efrem Fenta , Gemeda Leulayehu Akalu , Goshu Eyayalem Melese 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Tracheal extubation, the purposeful removal of the endotracheal tube from the trachea, can be associated with detrimental hemodynamic and airway responses. Lidocaine and fentanyl are known to suppress hemodynamic responses to extubation during Ear, nose, and throat surgeries. Smooth tracheal extubation is important after Ear, nose, and throat surgeries.

Objective:
To compare the effects of lidocaine versus fentanyl on attenuation of hemodynamic responses to extubation after ear, nose and throat surgery in a resource limited setting from January 01, 2018 to March 30, 2018.

Methods:
This is a prospective cohort study recruits 74 American Society of Anesthesiologist class I and II, age between 18 and 60 patients who underwent Ear, Nose, and Throat surgeries. Unpaired T test was used to compare the mean heart rate and arterial blood pressure between lidocaine and fentanyl groups. Mann Whitney U Test was used for distribution free data. Association of categorical independent variables between two groups was analyzed using Chi Square or fisher exact test. P-values < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant with a power of 80%.

Results:
The demographic and clinical characteristics were comparable between groups. The pulse rate and mean arterial blood pressure were statistically significantly lower in fentanyl group at 1, 5, and 10 min after extubation with p values < 0.05. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups in decreasing the incidence of coughing in the Peri-extubation period with a p value of 0.857.

Conclusion:
The findings of our study demonstrate that fentanyl 1 μg/kg IV, administered 10 min before end of operation might be effective in attenuating hemodynamic response to tracheal extubation compared with lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg IV in patients underwent ENT surgeries.

Highlights:
Delayed Thrombectomy Center Arrival is Associated with Decreased Treatment Probability
Authors: Gao Meah M. , Wang Jeffrey Z. , Liao Jane , Reiter Stephanie D. , Vyas Manav V. , Linkewich Elizabeth , Swartz Richard H. , da Costa Leodante , Kassardjian Charles D. , Yu Amy Y. X. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT:Background:Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is effective in reducing disability in selected patients with stroke and large vessel occlusion (LVO), but access to this treatment is suboptimal.Aim:We examined the proportion of patients with LVO who did not receive EVT, the reasons for non-treatment, and the association between time from onset and probability of treatment.Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients with acute stroke and LVO presenting between January 2017 and June 2018. We used multivariable log-binomial models to determine the association between time and probability of treatment with and without adjustment for age, sex, dementia, active cancer, baseline disability, stroke severity, and evidence of ischemia on computerized tomography.Results:We identified 256 patients (51% female, median age 74 [interquartile range, IQR 63.5, 82.5]), of whom 59% did not receive EVT. The main reasons for not treating with EVT were related to occlusion characteristics or infarct size. The median time from onset to EVT center arrival was longer among non-treated patients (218 minutes [142, 302]) than those who were treated (180 minutes [104, 265], p = 0.03). Among patients presenting within 6 hours of onset, the relative risk (RR) of receiving EVT decreased by 3% with every 10-minute delay in arrival to EVT center (adjusted RR 0.97 CI95 [0.95, 0.99]). This association was not found in the overall cohort.Conclusions:The proportion of patients with acute stroke and confirmed LVO who do not undergo EVT is substantial. Minimizing delays in arrival to EVT center may optimize the delivery of this treatment.
The economic burden ofClostridioides difficileinfection in patients with hematological malignancies in the United States: A case-control study
Authors: Duhalde Lola , Lurienne Lise , Wingen-Heimann Sebastian M. , Guillou Lucien , Buffet Renaud , Bandinelli Pierre-Alain 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:The primary study aim was to describe all direct healthcare costs associated withClostridioides difficileinfection (CDI), both in and out of the hospital, in patients with hematologic malignancies in the United States.Design:A retrospective analysis was conducted utilizing data from US databases of Truven Health Analytics.Patients:We analyzed health insurance claims between January 2014 and December 2017 of patients diagnosed with hematological cancer: acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL).Methods:Patients with CDI after cancer diagnosis (CDI+, cases) were matched with patients without CDI reported (CDI−, controls). Matched cases and controls were compared to identify the CDI-associated costs in the 90 days following the onset of CDI.Results:We matched 622 CDI+ patients with 11,111 CDI− patients. NHL (41.7%) and AML (30.9%) were the predominant underlying diseases in the CDI+ groups. During study period, the average time in-hospital of CDI+ patients was 23.1 days longer than for CDI− patients (P< 2×10−16). Overall, CDI onset increased costs of care by an average of US$57,159 per patient (P= 6×10−12), mainly driven by hospital costs.Conclusions:This study confirms the significant economic burden associated with CDI in the United States, especially in patients with hematological malignancies. These findings highlight the need for prevention of CDI in this specific patient population.
Effect of the monoaminergic stabiliser (−)-OSU6162 on mental fatigue following stroke or traumatic brain injury
Authors: Nilsson Marie K.L. , Johansson Birgitta , Carlsson Maria L. , Schuit Robert C. , Rönnbäck Lars 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of (−)-OSU6162 in doses up to 30 mg b.i.d. in patients suffering from mental fatigue following stroke or traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods:This 4 + 4 weeks double-blind randomised cross-over study included 30 patients afflicted with mental fatigue following a stroke or head trauma occurring at least 12 months earlier. Efficacy was assessed using the Mental Fatigue Scale (MFS), the Self-rating Scale for Affective Syndromes [Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS)], the Frenchay Activity Index (FAI), and a battery of neuropsychological tests. Safety was evaluated by recording spontaneously reported adverse events (AEs).Results:There were significant differences on the patients’ total FAI scores (p = 0.0097), the subscale FAI outdoor scores (p = 0.0243), and on the trail making test (TMT-B) (p = 0.0325) in favour of (−)-OSU6162 treatment. Principal component analysis showed a clear overall positive treatment effect in 10 of 28 patients; those who responded best to treatment had their greatest improvements on the MFS. Reported AEs were mild or moderate in severity and did not differ between the (−)-OSU6162 and the placebo period.Conclusion:The most obvious beneficial effects of (−)-OSU6162 were on the patients’ activity level, illustrated by the improvement on the FAI scale. Moreover, a subgroup of patients showed substantial improvements on the MFS. Based on these observed therapeutic effects, in conjunction with the good tolerability of (−)-OSU6162, this compound may offer promise for treating at least part of the symptomatology in patients suffering from stroke- or TBI-induced mental fatigue.
Irradiation of early immature Anastrepha ludens stages for the rearing of Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a fruit fly parasitoid
Authors: López-Arriaga Florida , Gordillo Victor Hugo , Cancino Jorge , Montoya Pablo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDoryctobracon areolatus is a native parasitoid of the Neotropical region that presents the highest percentages of natural parasitism of fruit flies of the genus Anastrepha. In the Moscafrut Program SADER-SENASICA, located in Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, Mexico, a laboratory colony of this species is maintained on Anastrepha ludens, the Mexican fruit fly, with the aim to scale the production of the parasitoid up to massive levels. In order to eliminate unwanted emergence of adult flies during the rearing process, this study evaluated the effect of irradiation (at doses of 20, 30, 40, and 50 Gy) applied to eggs, and first and second instar larvae of A. ludens; all irradiated stages were subsequently exposed as second instar larvae to adult females of D. areolatus. Irradiation did not affect the eclosion of A. ludens eggs but, at doses of 40 and 50 Gy, it did cause delayed larval development and pupation, as well as lower larval weight. Adult fly emergence was suppressed at all doses, except in eggs irradiated at 20 Gy. Doses of 20 and 30 Gy applied to the eggs and larvae did not affect the emergence, survival, fecundity or flight ability of the emerged parasitoids, but the second instar larvae were easily handled during the rearing process. Our results suggest that D. areolatus can be successfully produced in second instar larvae of A. ludens irradiated at 30 Gy.
Skin surface temperature of the mammary gland, measured by infrared thermography, in primiparous Girolando cows fed diets containing different lipid sources
Authors: Wanderley Alysson M. , Ítavo Luís C. V. , dos Santos Geraldo T. , Ítavo Camila C. B. F. , Dias Alexandre M. , Mateus Rodrigo G. , Pereira Luiz C. , Gonçalves Ariadne B. , Kohl Endyara S. , Lima Celso R. C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis research communication describes the influence of diet, mammary quarter position and milking process on the temperature of teats and udder of cows fed diets containing different lipid sources. Five primiparous cows were fed diets containing cottonseed, sunflower seed, soybeans or soybean oil as a source of lipids and a reference diet without the inclusion of lipid sources in a 5 × 5 Latin Square design. Milk yield was determined in the last five days of each period. Milk samples were collected for SCC analysis on the last two days of each experimental period. The images of the mammary gland were obtained using an infrared camera and were analyzed with appropriate computer software. Milk yield was 14.8% higher for cows fed soybeans as a source of lipids. Diets and somatic cell counts did not influence the temperature of teats and udder. The milking process reduced the temperature of teats and udder by 0.79°C. Rear teats and rear quarters had higher surface temperatures than front teats and fore quarters. Changes in temperature of teats and mammary quarters occurred as a function of the milking process and quarter position. However, the diet and the SCC did not influence the temperature of teats and mammary quarters in this experiment.
The impact of childhood deprivation on adult neuropsychological functioning is associated with ADHD symptom persistence
Authors: Golm Dennis , Sarkar Sagari , Mackes Nuria K. , Fairchild Graeme , Mehta Mitul A. , Rutter Michael ,   ERA Young Adult Follow Up study team, Sonuga-Barke Edmund J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundInstitutional deprivation in early childhood is associated with neuropsychological deficits in adolescence. Using 20-year follow-up data from a unique natural experiment – the large-scale adoption of children exposed to extreme deprivation in Romanian institutions in the 1980s –we examined, for the first time, whether such deficits are still present in adulthood and whether they are associated with deprivation-related symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).MethodsAdult neuropsychological functioning was assessed across five domains (inhibitory control, emotion recognition, decision-making, prospective memory and IQ) in 70 previously institutionalized adoptees (mean age = 25.3, 50% female) and 22 non-deprived UK adoptees (comparison group, mean age = 24.6, 41% female). ADHD and ASD symptoms were assessed using parent-completed questionnaires.ResultsEarly institutionalization was associated with impaired performance on all tasks in adulthood. Prospective memory deficits persisted after controlling for IQ. ADHD and ASD symptoms were positively correlated. After controlling for ASD symptoms, ADHD symptoms remained associated with deficits in IQ, prospective memory, proactive inhibition, decision-making quality and emotion recognition. ASD symptoms were not independently associated with neuropsychological deficits when accounting for their overlap with ADHD symptoms. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the link between childhood deprivation and adult ADHD symptoms was statistically explained by deprivation-related differences in adult IQ and prospective memory.ConclusionsThese results represent some of the most compelling evidence to date of the enduring power of early, time-limited childhood adversity to impair long-term neuropsychological functioning across the lifespan – effects that are linked specifically to deprivation-related adult ADHD symptoms.
Characterization of flowing liquid films as a regenerating plasma mirror for high repetition-rate laser contrast enhancement
Authors: Underwood C. I. D. , Gan G. , He Z.-H. , Murphy C. D. , Thomas A. G. R. , Krushelnick K. , Nees J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we characterize a high repetition-rate regenerating plasma mirror produced by the thin film of liquid formed when two laminar streams collide. The use of a flowing liquid film is inexpensive and the interaction surface refreshes automatically, avoiding buildup of on-target debris. The composition of the liquid material and the relative angle of the film-generating nozzles was optimized for this application. Spectra measured in reflection from a water-based plasma mirror showed a blue shift but an optical reflectivity of up to 30%. The thickness of the film was found to be of the order of 2 ${\rm \mu}$m, and the stability of the reflected spot was ${\approx }1$ mrad. The reflected beam profile was highly distorted but stable. Further optimization of the nozzles to affect the fluid flow should enable significant improvements in control of the fluid films and increase in the reflectivity of these mirrors.
Development of a health technology assessment module for evaluating mobile medical applications
Authors: Moshi Magdalena Ruth , Tooher Rebecca , Merlin Tracy 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop a module which could be used to facilitate the assessment of mobile medical applications (MMA) for regulatory and reimbursement purposes.MethodsIn-depth interviews were conducted with policymakers, healthcare practitioners, and application developers to determine possible pathways and impediments to MMA reimbursement. These findings were integrated with our previous research on MMA reimbursement and regulation to create a module that could be used with existing health technology assessment (HTA) methodological frameworks to guide the evaluation of MMAs.ResultsStakeholders indicated that they trust how traditional medical devices are currently appraised for reimbursement. They were concerned that there was a lack of clarity regarding which entity in the health system was responsible for determining app quality. They were also concerned about the digital health literacy of medical practitioners and patients. Concepts emerging from our previous research were reinforced by the interview findings, including that the connectivity and cybersecurity of apps need to be considered, along with an assessment of software reliability. It is also critical that the credibility of the information presented in apps is assessed as it could potentially mislead patients and clinicians.ConclusionAn MMA evaluation module was created that would enable an existing HTA process to be adapted for the assessment of MMA technology. These adaptations include making provisions for an assessment of app cybersecurity, the impact on MMA clinical utility of software updates, and compatibility issues. Items to address concerns around practitioner responsibility and app misinformation were also incorporated into the module.
Impact of vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease in Italy 2007–2017: surveillance challenges and epidemiological changes
Authors: Monali R. , De Vita E. , Mariottini F. , Privitera G. , Lopalco P. L. , Tavoschi L. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Surveillance of new cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Italy was started in 2007 by the Ministry of Health (MoH). In 2012, pneumococcal childhood vaccination was introduced at the national level and, in 2017, for citizens aged 65 years and over. We describe here IPD epidemiology in Italy over the past 10 years investigating the impact of the vaccine programme on disease burden. Reports of IPD cases, data on serotype and vaccination coverage (VC) data were obtained from MoH annual reports, for the period 2007–2017. IPD notification rate and proportion by year, region, age and serotype were calculated. In 2007, 525 cases were reported (rate 0.88/100 000), rising to 1703 cases (rate 2.82/100 000) in 2017. The distribution of IPD cases by age group over time registered the largest share among individuals aged 65 years and over. A decreasing trend in notification rate was observed among those aged 0–4 years. During the same period, the 24-month VC increased, ranging from 80.9% to 96.7% in 2017. Molecular data indicated re-emergence of PPSV23-specific serotypes and non-vaccine serotypes. We observed an increase in IPD notifications during 2007–2017, likely due to an improved surveillance system, at least in some regions, with the relative quota of IPD notifications decreasing among vaccinated children cohorts. Further strengthening of IPD surveillance system, including molecular and vaccine coverage data, would be needed to assess and inform pneumococcal vaccination strategies in Italy.
Pointer chasing via triangular discrimination
Authors: Yehudayoff Amir 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe prove an essentially sharp
$\tilde \Omega (n/k)$
lower bound on the k-round distributional complexity of the k-step pointer chasing problem under the uniform distribution, when Bob speaks first. This is an improvement over Nisan and Wigderson’s
$\tilde \Omega (n/{k^2})$
lower bound, and essentially matches the randomized lower bound proved by Klauck. The proof is information-theoretic, and a key part of it is using asymmetric triangular discrimination instead of total variation distance; this idea may be useful elsewhere.
Inequality in Nineteenth-Century Manhattan: Evidence from the Housing Market
Authors: Gray Rowena 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTHistorical inequality is difficult to measure, especially at the subcountry level and beyond the top income shares. This article presents new evidence on the level of inequality in Manhattan from 1880 to 1910 using housing rents. Rental prices and characteristics, including geocodable locations, were collected from newspapers and provide extensive geographic coverage of the island, relevant for the overwhelming majority of its population where renting predominated. This provides a measure of consumption inequality at the household level, which helps to develop the picture of urban inequality for this period, when income and wealth measures are scarce. For large American cities, but particularly for New York, housing made up a large share of consumption expenditure and its consumption cannot be substituted, so this is a reliable and feasible way to identify the true trends in urban inequality across space and time.
CD36 gene polymorphism -31118 G > A	(rs1761667) is associated with overweight and obesity but not with fat	preferences in Mexican children
Authors: Enciso-Ramírez Mayra , Reyes-Castillo Zyanya , Llamas-Covarrubias Mara Anaís , Guerrero Luis , López-Espinoza Antonio , Valdés-Miramontes Elia Herminia 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. CD36 glycoprotein is a candidate receptor involved in the gustatory detection of lipids and emerging evidence has suggested that genetic variations in CD36 may modulate the oral perception threshold to fatty acids. Here, we analyzed the association of -31118 G > A polymorphism in CD36 gene with nutritional status and preferences for fatty foods in Mexican children. Genotyping of SNP rs1761667 was performed in school-age children (n = 63) in addition to sensory tests evaluating the preference and satisfaction score assigned to oil-based sauces of different fatty acid composition. The G allele was associated with high BMI z-score in children (OR = 2.43, 95% (CI 1.02–5.99); p = 0.02) but CD36 genotypes (AA, GA, and GG) did not show significant association with the preference and satisfaction scores assigned to oil-based sauces. The BMI z-score showed no association with the preference to oil-based sauces; however, children with normal weight gave higher satisfaction scores to sauces with a high content of unsaturated fatty acids than to sauces rich in saturated fatty acids (0.56 ± 1.26 vs. 0.06 ± 1.22; p = 0.02). Therefore, the G allele of -31118 G > A SNP in CD36 gene is associated with overweight and obesity in Mexican children but do not appear to modulate the preferences and satisfaction scores to fat.
Multidisciplinary Study of Subsidence and Sinkhole Occurrences in the Acque Albule Basin (Roma, Italy)
Authors: De Ritis R. , Nardi A. , Materni V. , Venuti A. , Stefanelli P. , Rotella G. , Sapia V. , Carpentieri E. , Tolomei C. , Civico R. , Coltorti M. , Nanni T. , Argentieri A. , Del Gaudio P. , Chiappini M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe present the results of a combined analysis of remote sensing and geophysical‐geotechnical data carried out in the Acque Albule Basin, a sinkhole prone area located close to the city of Roma, where a wide travertine wedge is present. We carried out geophysical measurements and borehole drillings over two test areas to image the subsoil where paroxysmal surficial dynamics occur. One site is marked by subsidence occurring at least since the early 2000s, whereas the other site hosts the “La Regina” and “Colonnelle” sinkhole lakes, which discharge sulfur‐carbonated waters. The stability of these two sites threatens highway, railway, and airport facilities, and this study helps to assess the geological hazard. For example, InSAR and LiDAR data helped define wide scale subsidence over the last 20 years and previously undetected small‐scale morphologies. Geophysical measurements of the latter revealed shallow and deep dissolution affecting the travertine and driving surficial paroxysmal events. Both study sites were found to lie inside a large depression located at the junction between Jurassic carbonate and Plio‐Pleistocene units in association with paleo karst morphologies in the travertine deposits and affected by the present‐past spillage of sulfurous waters. Given these elements, multidisciplinary geophysical observations are crucial for assessing and mitigating the geological risk and guiding land use planning and management.