bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intercomparison Between Surrogate, Explicit, and Full Treatments of VSL Bromine Chemistry Within the CAM‐Chem Chemistry‐Climate Model
Authors: Fernandez Rafael P. , Barrera Javier A. , López‐Noreña Ana Isabel , Kinnison Douglas E. , Nicely Julie , Salawitch Ross J. , Wales Pamela A. , Toselli Beatriz M. , Tilmes Simone , Lamarque Jean‐François , Cuevas Carlos A. , Saiz‐Lopez Alfonso 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMany Chemistry‐Climate Models (CCMs) include a simplified treatment of brominated very short‐lived (VSLBr) species by assuming CH3Br as a surrogate for VSLBr. However, neglecting a comprehensive treatment of VSLBr in CCMs may yield an unrealistic representation of the associated impacts. Here, we use the Community Atmospheric Model with Chemistry (CAM‐Chem) CCM to quantify the tropospheric and stratospheric changes between various VSLBr chemical approaches with increasing degrees of complexity (i.e., surrogate, explicit, and full). Our CAM‐Chem results highlight the improved accuracy achieved by considering a detailed treatment of VSLBr photochemistry, including sea‐salt aerosol dehalogenation and heterogeneous recycling on ice‐crystals. Differences between the full and surrogate schemes maximize in the lowermost stratosphere and midlatitude free troposphere, resulting in a latitudinally dependent reduction of ∼1–7 DU in total ozone column and a ∼5%–15% decrease of the OH/HO2 ratio. We encourage all CCMs to include a complete chemical treatment of VSLBr in the troposphere and stratosphere.
The Effect of Aerosols on Fog Lifetime: Observational Evidence and Model Simulations
Authors: Yan Shuqi , Zhu Bin , Zhu Tong , Shi Chune , Liu Duanyang , Kang Hanqing , Lu Wen , Lu Chunsong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aerosol–cloud interaction (ACI) and aerosol–radiation interaction (ARI) have notable influences on clouds, but their effects on fog are rarely analyzed before. Previous studies indicate that fog frequency in East China has been decreasing, and we further reveal that fog duration increases during 1960–2010. We hypothesize that this trend is related to the increase of aerosol pollution and perform WRF‐Chem simulations to study the ARI and ACI effects. Results show that ACI significantly advances fog formation, delays fog dissipation, and increases fog duration by about 1 h in a case study, while ARI has negligible effect. The more but smaller fog droplets produced in polluted conditions significantly inhibit droplet sedimentation and reduce solar radiation, therefore provide favorable conditions for the duration of fog. Under extremely polluted conditions, ACI effect also far overweighs ARI effect. To shorten the duration of dense fog, our findings suggest the necessity for mitigating emissions.
Antarctic Ice Sheet Elevation Impacts on Water Isotope Records During the Last Interglacial
Authors: Goursaud Sentia , Holloway Max , Sime Louise , Wolff Eric , Valdes Paul , Steig Eric J. , Pauling Andrew 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChanges of the topography of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) can complicate the interpretation of ice core water stable isotope measurements in terms of temperature. Here, we use a set of idealized AIS elevation change scenarios to investigate this for the warm Last Interglacial (LIG). We show that LIG δ18O against elevation relationships is not uniform across Antarctica and that the LIG response to elevation is lower than the preindustrial response. The effect of LIG elevation‐induced sea ice changes on δ18O is small, allowing us to isolate the effect of elevation change alone. Our results help to define the effect of AIS changes on the LIG δ18O signals and should be invaluable to those seeking to use AIS ice core measurements for these purposes. Especially, our simulations strengthen the conclusion that ice core measurements from the Talos Dome core exclude the loss of the Wilkes Basin at around 128 kyr.
Optimal bidding strategy for virtual power plants considering the feasible region of vehicle‐to‐grid
Authors: Wang Zihan , Gao Jie , Zhao Ruina , Wang Jianxiao , Li Gengyin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith the rapid development of vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) technology, the use of the internet of things and advanced information technology to achieve the optimal dispatch of large‐scale plug‐in electric vehicles (PEVs) has become an important focus of scientific research and engineering practice worldwide. In order to achieve a balance between mass distributed energy resources and the secure and economic operation of the power grid, the authors propose an optimal market bidding strategy for a virtual power plant considering the feasible region of V2G. A detailed battery model considering the V2G mode of PEVs is established. A two‐stage stochastic optimisation model for the virtual power plant considering massive volumes of PEVs is built, taking into account the day‐ahead market revenue and the costs brought about by real‐time market deviations. Three bidding strategies—PEVs charging immediately after arrival, without V2G, and considering V2G—are compared using case studies to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Through the complete interaction between PEVs and the virtual power plant, this V2G‐based strategy can coordinate distributed energy resources, promote the accommodation of renewable energy, and significantly improve the economy of the virtual power plant operation.
Electricity market regulation: Global status, development trend, and prospect in China
Authors: Xu Chengwei , Wen Fushuan , Palu Ivo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith ever‐growing electricity consumption, unwanted climate change, and evolving generation mix, some energy policies related to electricity markets are enforced in various countries to cope with emerging challenges in the energy sector. Electricity market regulation, which is required to keep pace with the continuous development of power industry restructuring and electricity market operation, is also evolving. To help researchers and policy makers have a better understanding of the state‐of‐the‐art electricity market regulation, the aim is to survey the latest progress, as well as the development trends in this field in the United States, Australia, United Kingdom, and France, which have mature and widely recognized electricity markets around the globe. Subsequently, the progress of the electricity market reform in China is described, and the status, drawbacks, and prospect of the electricity market regulation in China presented.
Segregation of meaningful strokes, a pre‐requisite for self co‐articulation removal in isolated dynamic gestures
Authors: K. Anish Monsley , Yadav Kuldeep Singh , Misra Songhita , Khan Taimoor , Bhuyan M. K. , Laskar Rabul Hussain 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGesture formation, a pre‐processing step, has its importance when variations in patterns, scale, and speed come into play. Self co‐articulations are intentional movements performed by an individual to complete a gesture, whose presence in the trajectory alters its original meaning. For recognition, most researchers have directly used the trajectory formed along with these self co‐articulated strokes, with a few removing it using visible trait‐like velocity. Usage of velocity has shortcomings as gesturing in air differs from gesturing over a solid surface; hence, we propose a gesture formation model, which incorporates global and local measures to remove these self co‐articulations. The global measure uses Euclidean distance, instantaneous velocity, and polarity calculated from the complete gesture, while the local measure segments the gesture into stroke‐level segments by using the minimum–maximum‐polarity algorithm and applies the selective bypass rules. The proposed model, when experimented on gestures patterns with premeditated speed variation, has a mean error rate of 0.0069 and 7.40% self co‐articulations;individuals’ natural gesticulation has a mean error rate of 0.0371 and 12.07% self co‐articulations. Experimentation on each gesture of NITS hand gesture databases showed a relative improvement of 40% (accuracy 97%) over the existing baseline models.
A scientometric review of research on traffic forecasting in transportation
Authors: Liu Jin , Wu Naiqi , Qiao Yan , Li Zhiwu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractResearch on traffic forecasting in transportation has received worldwide concern over the past three decades. While there are comprehensive review studies on traffic forecasting, few of them explore the research advancement in this field from a visual perspective. With the help of CiteSpace and VOSviewer, this study uses scientometric review to identify the evolution and emerging trends of the research in the field. Totally, 1536 bibliographic records with references are extracted from Web of Science and used as the datasets to form the author network, institutional network, keyword network, and co‐citation network. The visualization of the results characterizes the research progress in the field. It
can be found that Eleni I. Vlahogianni receives the highest citation frequency, China and the United States contribute most of the journal articles. Some influential institutions and articles are also identified. With the author keyword network, the words “recurrent neural network”, “convolutional neural network”, “spatio‐temporal correlation”, “traffic pattern”, and “feature selection” are identified as the emerging trends. Also, the document citation bursts reveal that the applications of combined models and the study of traffic flow forecasting in atypical situations are becoming the emerging trends. This study provides a valuable reference for the research community in this field.
Straightforward Route to γ-Sultams via Novel Tandem SN/Michael Addition
Authors: Bakulina Olga , Klochkova Anastasiia , Bubyrev Andrey , Dar’in Dmitry , Krasavin Mikhail , Sokolov Viktor 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA novel tandem approach to trisubstituted γ-sultams has been developed involving N-alkylation of methanesulfonanilides with EWG-substituted allyl bromides followed by intramolecular Michael addition. A series of various isothiazolidine 1,1-dioxides have been prepared under mild transition-metal-free conditions in high yields and trans-diastereoselectivity (confirmed by X-ray crystallography). The dependence of reactivity on electronic properties of substrates has been investigated.
Sleep Exacerbations and Facial Twitching: Diagnostic Clues for ADCY5-Related Dyskinesias
Authors: Nosadini Margherita , D'Onofrio Gianluca , Pelizza Maria Federica , Luisi Concetta , Padrin Davide , Baggio Laura , Zorzi Giovanna Simonetta , Toldo Irene , Sartori Stefano 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Mutations in the adenylate cyclase 5 (ADCY5) gene are associated with childhood-onset paroxysmal dyskinesia.
Methods We report a new video-documented case of pediatric ADCY5-related dyskinesia with de novo ADCY5 mutation.
Results A boy born to nonconsanguineous parents after an uneventful pregnancy had developmental delay and hypotonia. At the age of 7 months, he presented with paroxysmal jerky–choreic–dystonic involuntary movements in wakefulness involving limbs, trunk, and face, exacerbated by emotional stimuli. These episodes gradually worsened in duration and frequency: at the age of 2.5 years, they occurred up to six times per day, and appeared also during sleep in prolonged bouts; the boy also had basal choreoathetoid–dystonic movements, hyperactivity, paraparetic–ataxic gait, generalized hypotonia with brisk tendon reflexes, drooling, and language delay with intellectual disability. Brain magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalogram, electromyogram, eye review, metabolic investigations, oligoclonal bands, and autoantibodies were normal. Extensive genetic testing had not let to a diagnosis, until a heterozygous de novo mutation c.1252C > T (p.Arg418Trp) was identified in the ADCY5 gene. Clonazepam had partial effectiveness. The boy walked at the age of 3.5 years. At the age of 5 years, the paroxysmal movement disorder has slightly improved.
Conclusion ADCY5 mutations should be considered among the differential diagnoses of early-onset paroxysmal choreic–athetosic–myoclonic–dystonic movement disorder involving limbs, trunk, and face, in patients with global neurological impairment with hypotonia and developmental delay. Facial dyskinesias and exacerbation by drowsiness/sleep and emotional stimuli are important clues that may allow a timely recognition of the disorder and avoidance of unnecessary diagnostic investigations.
Tunisian Newborn's Cord Blood: Reference Values of Complete Blood Count and Hemoglobin Fractions
Authors: Zitouni Sana , Bouatrous Emna , Laabidi Ons , Boudrigua Imen , Chaouachi Dorra , Saidani Naima , Kraiem Imen , Ayachi Amira , Abbes Salem , Mourali Mechaal , Menif Samia , Ouragini Houyem 
Published: December 2020

Objective This study was aimed to establish local reference values for hematological indices and hemoglobin (Hb) fractions in umbilical cord blood (UCB) for the northern population of Tunisia.
Study Design Our study included full-term newborns by vaginal deliveries. Hematological parameters were collected using an automated blood cell counter. The amounts of Hb fractions were measured by capillary electrophoresis of Hb. Statistical analysis was performed using R software.
Results A total of 328 cord blood samples were analyzed. Among them, 154 (male: 44.8%, female: 55.2%) were used to establish reference values. The normal reference values of complete blood count (CBC) and Hb fractions were calculated. Mean neonatal Hb was 14.75 ± 2.26 g/dL. Gestational age affects the expression of CBC values as red blood cell (RBC), Hb, hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cell (WBC), and the Hb profile. Umbilical blood hemogram parameters and Hb profile are affected by the environment; higher in newborns from urban regions but not affected by gender ratio.
Conclusion Reference ranges of normal CBC indices and Hb fractions have been successfully established in Tunisian neonates' UCB. Our data suggest reference values that could be useful for neonatal patients' laboratory results and clinical interpretation.
Key Points
Calcineurin controls proximodistal blastema polarity in zebrafish fin regeneration
Authors: Cao Zigang , Meng Yunlong , Gong Fanghua , Xu Zhaopeng , Liu Fasheng , Fang Mengjie , Zou Lufang , Liao Xinjun , Wang Xinjuan , Luo Lingfei , Li Xiaokun , Lu Huiqiang 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Why some animals, but not others, respond to injury with extensive regeneration is an outstanding question and attracts considerable research interest. Planarian flatworms possess a polarity system throughout their anteroposterior axis that specifies the identity of missing tissues at wound sites. The regeneration of vertebrate appendages involves distal growth. However, whether vertebrate appendages can undergo bidirectional regeneration along the proximodistal axis remains unclear. Our study demonstrates that unidirectional blastema regeneration polarity occurs in zebrafish fins along the proximodistal axis. We identified calcineurin as a molecular switch that specifies the blastema of the PCE and controls regeneration polarity in zebrafish fins. Our results are of great importance for future regeneration polarity studies on vertebrates.
The retromer is co-opted to deliver lipid enzymes for the biogenesis of lipid-enriched tombusviral replication organelles
Authors: Feng Zhike , Inaba Jun-ichi , Nagy Peter D. 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Replication of RNA viruses depends on the biogenesis of viral replication organelles (VROs). However, formation of VROs is not well understood. Using tombusviruses and the model host yeast, we discovered that the highly conserved host retromer complex is critical for the formation of VROs. Tombusvirus replication protein interacts with the retromer complex, leading to the recruitment of the retromer and its cargoes into VROs. The co-opted retromer tubular transport carriers deliver important enzymes required for lipid biosynthesis and lipid modifications that are needed for membrane biogenesis for efficient VRO assembly. Compartmentalization of these co-opted lipid enzymes within VROs gives a key advantage for tombusviruses to replicate in an optimized microenvironment and delay the antiviral responses of the hosts.
Pixel-based open-space microfluidics for versatile surface processing
Authors: Goyette Pierre-Alexandre , Boulais Étienne , Tremblay Maude , Gervais Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Automated liquid handling is of utmost importance for life sciences, pharmaceutical research, and surface engineering. Despite its ubiquitous presence, the last decades’ advances in this domain have mainly consisted of the robotization of the human pipetting movement, with its intrinsic limitations. In this article, we lay the foundation for the pixelated chemical display (PCD), a liquid-handling system based on open-space microfluidics. This device uses the streaming of fluids through independent flow subunits to tessellate a surface with hundreds of reagents simultaneously. PCDs distinguish themselves from previous technology by offering a fast dilution-free reagent switching and a precise yet multiplexable spatiotemporal control of fluids on surfaces. PCDs will be of use in life sciences and for maskless surface processing.
Cooperative formation of porous silica and peptides on the prebiotic Earth
Authors: Navrotsky Alexandra , Hervig Richard , Lyons James , Seo Dong-Kyun , Shock Everett , Voskanyan Albert 
Published: December 2020

SignificanceAlthough catalysis by mineral surfaces has been considered to be important in prebiotic chemistry, the role of porous silica phases, with reactions taking place within specific confined environments, has not been explored. This paper proposes that structure direction through interaction of dissolved silica with organic species in aqueous solution produces porous silica catalysts for prebiotic organic reactions to form larger polymerized molecules, with possible control of chirality. This process may involve feedback and amplification if the organics produced by catalysis can also act as structure-directing agents for enhanced synthesis of the catalytic silica structures. To our knowledge, such structure direction and catalysis, though well known in materials science, have not been considered previously in the context of prebiotic chemistry.
Modeling gradient processes in Polabian vowel chain shifting and blocking
Authors: Burns Roslyn 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of two interacting sound changes in the extinct West Slavic language Polabian. Polabian is
known to have two types of vowel innovations: (i) the incorporation of acoustic properties from consonant secondary co-articulations (either
palatalization or velarization) and (ii) a systematic rotation of vowels (Timberlake 1995). This
paper argues that the innovation in (ii) is a vowel chain shift similar to those analyzed in Labov
(1994). Unlike the other languages surveyed in Labov (1994), Polabian has phonologically
predictable exceptions to the general direction of vowel movement through the acoustic space. Unlike previous work on Polabian, this paper
proposes that the vowel chain shift operated simultaneously with the innovation in (i) resulting in phonologically predictable exceptions.
This paper tests Timberlake’s (1995) proposal and the current proposal in a Harmonic Grammar
(Flemming 2001) which uses Purcell’s (1979) acoustic
data from Russian as a proxy. The model only captures the correct distribution of vowel reflexes under the assumption that co-articulatory
based innovations and vowel chain shifting were active at the same time.
Understanding the role of energetic particles during the growth of TiO2 thin films by reactive magnetron sputtering through multi-scale Monte Carlo simulations and experimental deposition
Authors: Tonneau R , Moskovkin P , Muller J , Melzig T , Haye E , Konstantinidis S , Pflug A , Lucas S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a previously established 3D multi-scale simulation chain of plasma deposition process, based on a combination of a direct simulation Monte Carlo (gas phase) algorithm and a kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) (film growth) code, is improved by the addition of a particle-in-cell Monte Carlo collision algorithm in order to take into account and clarify the role of charged particles. The kinetic Monte Carlo code is also extended with a binary collision approximation algorithm to handle charged particles. This modelling strategy is successfully applied to the growth of TiO2 thin films by means of reactive magnetron sputtering. In order to highlight the effects of negative oxygen ions, two substrate locations are selected: one in the median plane of the targets and another one off the median plane. The model efficiently predicts the densities and fluxes of both charged and neutral particles towards the substrate. Typical results such as particle densities, the discharge current density and ion flux onto the target, and the various substrate locations are calculated. The angular distribution and energy distribution of all involved particles are sampled at these very same substrate locations and the nanoscale modelling (NASCAM) code, implementing the kMC approach, uses these results to explain the morphology of the experimentally deposited coatings. The changes throughout the transition from metallic deposition to stoichiometric TiO2 of the columnar structure of the deposited films is explained by the suppression of the atom diffusion on the growing film due to Ti oxidation. Moreover, the high-energy negative atomic oxygen ions originating from the targets are identified as the origin of the abnormally low inclination of the columnar structure experimentally observed for the oxide mode coatings. Measurements of the normalized energy flux (energy per deposited atom) are experimentally investigated to support and highlight the important role of energetic particles during film growth.
Programmable terahertz vortex beam reflectarray antenna based on a graphene phoenix unit cell
Authors: Soleimani Hadi , Oraizi Homayoon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, for the first time, the concept, analysis and equivalent circuit of a phoenix graphene patch (PGP) unit cell is presented. It is shown that a full 360° phase range can be realized by this unit cell, unlike common graphene patch unit cells, by only separately changing the physical or electrical parameters. Then, a reflectarray antenna based on the PGP cell is designed. The required phases are easily realized by only changing the element dimensions in the cell. The gain and radiation efficiency of the designed antenna are 26 dBi and 75%, respectively. Finally, a programmable vortex beam reflectarray is proposed, whereby the required phases are realized only by the chemical potential of the graphene sheet. The structure is discretized to five sections in the radial direction and eight sections in the azimuth direction. In comparison to other structures, the proposed design can easily generate different vortex beams in real-time by changing the biasing voltages of these sections.