bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peripheral blood occludin level as a biomarker for preoperative cerebral edema in patients with brain tumors
Authors: Shi Shu-hai , Cheng Jing-li , Zhang Chun-yang , Liang Tao , Zhang Yun-xin , Sun Yong-xing , Zhao Ying , Li Wei-li , Wang Bao-guo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveCerebral edema is a common complication of brain tumors in the perioperative period. However, there is currently no reliable and convenient method to evaluate the extent of brain edema. The objective of this study is to explore the ability of serum occludin level to predict the extent of perioperative brain edema and outcome in patients with brain tumors.MethodsThis prospective study enrolled 55 patients with brain tumors and 24 healthy controls from Sanbo Brain Hospital from June 2019 through November 2019. Serum occludin level was measured preoperatively and on postoperative day 1. Peritumoral edema was assessed preoperatively using magnetic resonance imaging. Pericavity brain edema on postoperative day 1 was evaluated using computed tomography.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, serum occludin level was higher in patients with brain tumors both preoperatively and postoperatively (P < 0.001). Serum occludin level was significantly positively correlated with the extent of brain edema preoperatively (r = 0.78, P < 0.001) and postoperatively (r = 0.59, P < 0.001). At an optimal cutoff of 3.015 ng/mL, preoperative serum occludin level discriminated between mild and severe preoperative brain edema with a sensitivity of 90.48% and a specificity of 84.62%. At an optimal cutoff value of 3.033 ng/mL, postoperative serum occludin level distinguished between mild and severe postoperative brain edema with a sensitivity of 97.30% and a specificity of 55.56%. ConclusionsSerum occludin level is associated with cerebral edema and could potentially be used as a biomarker for perioperative cerebral edema.
Canadian Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Physician Perspectives on Pandemic Triage in COVID-19
Authors: Mulla Ali , Bigham Blair L. , Frolic Andrea , Christian Michael D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Local and regional policies to guide the allocation of scarce critical care resources have been developed, but the views of prospective users are not understood. We sought to investigate the perspectives of Canadian acute care physicians towards triaging scarce critical care resources in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We rapidly deployed a brief survey to Canadian emergency and critical care physicians in April 2020 to investigate current attitudes towards triaging scarce critical care resources and identify subsequent areas for improvement. Descriptive and between-group analyses along with thematic coding were used.Results: The survey was completed by 261 acute care physicians. Feelings of anxiety related to the pandemic were common (65%), as well as fears of psychological distress if required to triage scarce resources (77%). Only 49% of respondents felt confident in making resource allocation decisions. Both critical care and emergency physicians favored multidisciplinary teams over single physicians to allocate scarce critical care resources. Critical care physicians were supportive of decision making by teams not involved in patient care (3.4/5 vs 2.9/5 p=0.04), whereas emergency physicians preferred to maintain their involvement in such decisions (3.4/5 vs 4.0/5 p=0.007). Free text responses identified five themes for subsequent action including the need for further guidance on existing triage policies, ethical support in decision making, medico-legal protection, additional tools for therapeutic communications, and healthcare provider psychological support. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for collaboration between policymakers and frontline physicians to develop critical care resource triage policies that wholly consider the diversity of provider perspectives across practice environments.
Ammonium removal of biological roughing filter for rural drinking water pretreatment
Authors: Zeng Jie , Chabi Kassim , Hu Yue , Zhang Shenghua , Yu Xin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ammonium pollution of source water has become a challenge in rural water supply. Biological roughing filtration combining with low energy consumption and simple operation would be a potential solution to this issue. This study was conducted to investigate ammonium removal by biological up-flow roughing filter packed with ceramic media. Low flow rate did affect the ammonium removal and higher flow rate was suggested, while intense backwashing only showed a slight impact. At 4 m/h, an average reduction of about 51% was obtained, and NH4+-N effluent concentration could be below 0.5 mg/L within a NH4+-N loading rate of 0.1 kg/(m3·d). Biomass and biological activity assessment were performed as well as microbial community analysis. High abundance of nitrifying bacteria contributed to ammonium removal with Nitrospira and Nitrosomonas accounting for 6.59% and 1.12% of the bacteria community, respectively. In addition, the roughing filter showed high turbidity removal efficiency of about 70%. This study suggested that a biological roughing filter could be employed to help rural drinking water plants adapt to the seasonal change and moderate deterioration of source water quality in terms of ammonium pollution with low-cost and simple operation.
Antibody-Based Targeted Interventions for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Skin Cancers
Authors: Madheswaran Suresh , Mungra Neelakshi , Biteghe Fleury A.N. , De la Croix Ndong Jean , Arowolo Afolake T. , Adeola Henry A. , Ramamurthy Dharanidharan , Naran Krupa , Khumalo Nonhlanhla P. , Barth Stefan 
Published: July 2020

Background:Cutaneous malignancies most commonly arise from skin epidermal cells. These cancers may rapidly progress from benign to a metastatic phase. Surgical resection represents the gold standard therapeutic treatment of non-metastatic skin cancer while chemo- and/or radiotherapy are often used against metastatic tumors. However, these therapeutic treatments are limited by the development of resistance and toxic side effects, resulting from the passive accumulation of cytotoxic drugs within healthy cells.Objective:This review aims to elucidate how the use of monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs) targeting specific Tumor Associated Antigens (TAAs) is paving the way to improved treatment. These mAbs are used as therapeutic or diagnostic carriers that can specifically deliver cytotoxic molecules, fluorophores or radiolabels to cancer cells that overexpress specific target antigens.Results:mAbs raised against TAAs are widely in use for e.g. differential diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of skin cancers. Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) particularly show remarkable potential. The safest ADCs reported to date use non-toxic photo-activatable Photosensitizers (PSs), allowing targeted Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) resulting in targeted delivery of PS into cancer cells and selective killing after light activation without harming the normal cell population. The use of near-infrared-emitting PSs enables both diagnostic and therapeutic applications upon light activation at the specific wavelengths.Conclusion:Antibody-based approaches are presenting an array of opportunities to complement and improve current methods employed for skin cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Analysis of Diabetes Apps to Assess Privacy-Related Permissions: Systematic Search of Apps
Authors: Flors-Sidro José Javier , Househ Mowafa , Abd-Alrazaq Alaa , Vidal-Alaball Josep , Fernandez-Luque Luis , Sanchez-Bocanegra Carlos Luis 
Published: July 2020

Background
Mobile health has become a major vehicle of support for people living with diabetes. Accordingly, the availability of mobile apps for diabetes has been steadily increasing. Most of the previous reviews of diabetes apps have focused on the apps’ features and their alignment with clinical guidelines. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the actual compliance of diabetes apps with privacy and data security guidelines.

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the levels of privacy of mobile apps for diabetes to contribute to the raising of awareness of privacy issues for app users, developers, and governmental data protection regulators.

Methods
We developed a semiautomatic app search module capable of retrieving Android apps’ privacy-related information, particularly the dangerous permissions required by apps, with the aim of analyzing privacy aspects related to diabetes apps. Following the research selection criteria, the original 882 apps were narrowed down to 497 apps that were included in the analysis.

Results
Approximately 60% of the analyzed diabetes apps requested potentially dangerous permissions, which pose a significant risk to users’ data privacy. In addition, 28.4% (141/497) of the apps did not provide a website for their privacy policy. Moreover, it was found that 40.0% (199/497) of the apps contained advertising, and some apps that claimed not to contain advertisements actually did. Ninety-five percent of the apps were free, and those belonging to the “medical” and “health and fitness” categories were the most popular. However, app users do not always realize that the free apps’ business model is largely based on advertising and, consequently, on sharing or selling their private data, either directly or indirectly, to unknown third parties.

Conclusions
The aforementioned findings confirm the necessity of educating patients and health care providers and raising their awareness regarding the privacy aspects of diabetes apps. Therefore, this research recommends properly and comprehensively training users, ensuring that governments and regulatory bodies enforce strict data protection laws, devising much tougher security policies and protocols in Android and in the Google Play Store, and implicating and supervising all stakeholders in the apps’ development process.
Visual and Personalized Quality of Life Assessment App for People With Severe Mental Health Problems: Qualitative Evaluation
Authors: Buitenweg David , van de Mheen Dike , Grund Jean-Paul , van Oers Hans , van Nieuwenhuizen Chijs 
Published: July 2020

Background
QoL-ME is a digital visual personalized quality of life assessment app for people with severe mental health problems. Research reveals that e-mental health apps frequently suffer from low engagement and fall short of expectations regarding their impact on patients’ daily lives. Studies often indicate that e-mental health apps ought to respect the needs and preferences of end users to achieve optimal user engagement.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of users regarding the usability and functionality of QoL-ME and whether the app is actionable and beneficial for patients.

Methods
End users (n=8) of QoL-ME contributed to semistructured interviews. An interview guide was used to direct the interviews. All interviews were audiorecorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcriptions were analyzed and coded thematically.

Results
Analysis revealed 3 main themes: (1) benefit, (2) actionability, and (3) characteristics of the QoL-ME. The first theme reveals that the QoL-ME app was beneficial for the majority of respondents, primarily by prompting them to reflect on their quality of life. The current version is not yet actionable; the actionability of the QoL-ME app may be improved by enabling users to view their scores over time and by supplying practical advice for quality of life improvements. Overall, participants had positive experiences with the usability, design, and content of the app.

Conclusions
The QoL-ME app can be beneficial to users as it provides them with insight into their quality of life and elicits reflection. Incorporating more functionalities that facilitate self-management, such as advice and strategies for improving areas that are lacking, will likely make the app actionable. Patients positively regarded the usability, design, and contents of the QoL-ME app.
Artificial Intelligence in the Fight Against COVID-19: Scoping Review
Authors: Abd-Alrazaq Alaa , Alajlani Mohannad , Alhuwail Dari , Schneider Jens , Al-Kuwari Saif , Shah Zubair , Hamdi Mounir , Househ Mowafa 
Published: July 2020

Background
In December 2019, COVID-19 broke out in Wuhan, China, leading to national and international disruptions in health care, business, education, transportation, and nearly every aspect of our daily lives. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been leveraged amid the COVID-19 pandemic; however, little is known about its use for supporting public health efforts.

Objective
This scoping review aims to explore how AI technology is being used during the COVID-19 pandemic, as reported in the literature. Thus, it is the first review that describes and summarizes features of the identified AI techniques and data sets used for their development and validation.

Methods
A scoping review was conducted following the guidelines of PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews). We searched the most commonly used electronic databases (eg, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycInfo) between April 10 and 12, 2020. These terms were selected based on the target intervention (ie, AI) and the target disease (ie, COVID-19). Two reviewers independently conducted study selection and data extraction. A narrative approach was used to synthesize the extracted data.

Results
We considered 82 studies out of the 435 retrieved studies. The most common use of AI was diagnosing COVID-19 cases based on various indicators. AI was also employed in drug and vaccine discovery or repurposing and for assessing their safety. Further, the included studies used AI for forecasting the epidemic development of COVID-19 and predicting its potential hosts and reservoirs. Researchers used AI for patient outcome–related tasks such as assessing the severity of COVID-19, predicting mortality risk, its associated factors, and the length of hospital stay. AI was used for infodemiology to raise awareness to use water, sanitation, and hygiene. The most prominent AI technique used was convolutional neural network, followed by support vector machine.

Conclusions
The included studies showed that AI has the potential to fight against COVID-19. However, many of the proposed methods are not yet clinically accepted. Thus, the most rewarding research will be on methods promising value beyond COVID-19. More efforts are needed for developing standardized reporting protocols or guidelines for studies on AI.
Estrés académico en estudiantes de odontología: asociación con apoyo social, pensamiento positivo y bienestar psicológico
Authors: Luna David , García-Reyes Sandra , Soria-González Erika Araceli , Avila-Rojas Milton , Ramírez-Molina Víctor , García-Hernández Biceida , Meneses-González Fernando 
Published: July 2020

Introducción: Estudiantes de odontología presentan altos niveles de estrés académico. El estudio de su relación con variables salutogénicas como el apoyo social, pensamiento positivo y bienestar psicológico podría ser de utilidad para su intervención, potenciar la función benéfica del estrés y evitar sus efectos adversos.Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de estrés académico y sus fuentes en estudiantes de odontología e identificar su asociación con el apoyo social, pensamiento positivo y bienestar psicológico. Establecer si el apoyo social, pensamiento positivo y bienestar psicológico son predictores del estrés académico en esta población.Método: Estudiantes de odontología completaron una batería con una ficha de identificación y los instrumentos Cuestionario de Estrés Académico en la Universidad (CEAU), Escala reducida de Apoyo Social Percibido, Familiar y de Amigos (AFA-R), Escala de Positividad (EP) y la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico para Adultos (BIEPS-A).Resultados: Participaron 146 estudiantes, 104 mujeres y 42 hombres. El nivel de estrés académico, el apoyo social y el pensamiento positivo fue moderado; mientras que el nivel del bienestar psicológico fue alto. Comparadas con hombres, las mujeres mostraron mayor estrés académico (p < 0.01) y menor bienestar psicológico (p < 0.05). El estrés académico correlacionó negativamente con el bienestar psicológico (r = –0.41) y el apoyo social (r = –0.29), pero solo en mujeres. Una regresión lineal múltiple indicó que el bienestar psicológico (ß = –0.27) y el sexo femenino (ß = –0.26) fueron predictores del nivel de estrés académico (p = 0.01). Las situaciones que generaron mayor estrés fueron el desempeño académico y la perspectiva a futuro respecto a su profesión.Conclusiones: Identificar variables salutogénicas predictores del estrés académico, favorece el diseño de estrategias de intervención y el desarrollo positivo de estudiantes de odontología.
KOMPOSISI PROKSIMAT DAN INDEKS GLIKEMIK NIRA AREN
Authors: Solang Margaretha , Ningsih N. Ismail Yurnia , D. Uno Wirnangsih 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi komposisi proksimat dan nilai indeks glikemik nira aren. Analisis kadar air menggunakan metode oven, protein menggunakan metode semimikro kjeldhal, kadar abu menggunakan metode thermografimetri, dan lemak menggunakan metode ekstruksi langsung dengan alat soxhlet, karbohidrat menggunakan metode by difference, dan gula mengunakan metode Luff schoorl . Analisis indeks glikemik menggunakan perhitungan luas area dibawah kurva menggunakan metode finger-prick capillary blood. Pengukuran kadar glukosa darah pada 10 orang responden yang diberi glukosa murni dan nira aren. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nira aren mengandung 91,1% air, 0,28% kadar abu, 0,41% protein, 0% lemak, 8,21% karbohidrat dan 0,67% jumlah gula. Rata-rata glukosa darah responden setelah mengkonsumsi glukosa murni dan nira aren pada menit ke-0, 30, 60, 90, 120 yaitu sebagai berikut 93,2 mg/dL, 155,4 mg/dL, 124,2 mg/dL, 93,8 mg/dL, 79,1 mg/dL, dan 81,8 mg/dL, 118,6 mg/dL, 92,6 mg/dL, 74,1 mg/dL, dan 63,7 mg/dL. Nilai indeks glikemik nira aren adalah 35,56 berada pada kategori rendah, sehingga nira aren merupakan minuman alternatif untuk menjaga kadar gula darah.
MEMÓRIA DA IMAGINAÇÃO - REFLEXOS DA PQ 2019
Authors: Fantová Marketa , Muniz Rosane 
Published: July 2020

O rosto da Quadrienal de Praga (PQ) tem mudado lentamente de um estilo de apresentação tradicional, com competições nacionais expostas em uma galeria, para um evento experimental imersivo, um festival. Mas a questão-chave e a principal missão da PQ ainda é a mesma: encontrar maneiras interessantes de apresentar e exibir performance design / cenografia. Como curadora da PQ 2019 e também do próximo evento que acontecerá em 2023, apresento neste breve ensaio as mudanças que vêm ocorrendo ao longo dos anos, e não apenas por uma curadoria, mas por uma equipe de curadores que trabalha para discutir a visão artística, em que desenvolvemos colaborativamente um conceito geral para todos os projetos do festival - um exemplo do trabalho em equipe que buscávamos em nossas exposições e performances. Palavras-ChavesPQ 2019. Quadrienal de Praga. Curadoria. Curador.
Los jóvenes portadores del aprendizaje y habilidades digitales
Authors: Godínes Juan Carlos Valdés , Coelho Patricia Margarida Farias 
Published: July 2020

El artículo tiene como base un proyecto de investigación diagnóstico realizado por el Grupo de Investigación “Estudios en Cultura Digital, Sus implicaciones en la Educación y Difusión de la Ciencia”en colaboración com el grupo de investigación "Formación de Profesores y Tecnologías Digitales: medios, modelos de enseñanza y teorías de aprendizaje" de Brasil. El problema de investigación consistió en hacer una aproximación a las denominadas Habilidades Digitales (HaDi) y al Aprendizaje Digital (ApDi), desde una perspectiva del “ser digital”, lo cual implica un planteamiento diferente a la tradicional idea utilitaria de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC); para esto se investigó a los jóvenes universitarios en tanto portadores del objeto de estudio y sus características, ubicándolos principalmente en su entorno sociocultural cotidiano, más allá del ámbito escolar.Al final del trabajo se pretende que los resultados encontrados puedan incorporarse a enfoques y prácticas educativos escolares relacionados con la implementación de las TIC, que propicien una mejor correspondencia entre los entornos socioculturales no escolarizados y la escuela para alcanzar prácticas docentes más significativas.
Inteligência artificial em processos de extração de conhecimento KDD e KDT
Authors: Da Silva Luis Roberto Albano Bueno 
Published: July 2020

Este artigo visa apresentar, os processos relativos à extração de conhecimento em banco de dados e textos, bem como a técnica de sua aplicação que utiliza inteligência artificial e redes neurais. Busca também, apresentar os possíveis impactos dos paradigmas da inteligência artificial fraca e forte nos processos de extração de conhecimento e promover reflexões à cerca dos mesmos e do impacto científico e social de pesquisas de transição de um modelo para o outro. Além disso, busca contextualizar a tecnologia dentro de um campo permeado em senso comum e visão falaciosa, oriunda do entretenimento e desconhecimento. Para tal, uma revisão de literatura foi desenvolvida sobre extração de conhecimento, para posterior apresentação de reflexões e considerações sobre modelos e visão da tecnologia dentro dos âmbitos das humanidades digitais. Percebeu-se após revisão e análise que as tecnologias de inteligência artificial forte precisam ser protagonizadas para uma melhor utilização das ferramentas de extração de conhecimento, bem como a educação sobre inteligência artificial deve ser promovida entre pesquisadores a fim de mitigar problemas atualmente percebidos.
O umbral inferior da semiótica
Authors: Morales Campos Arturo 
Published: July 2020

Abordar o fenómeno semiósico da iconicidade requer não apenas de suportes teóricos de ordem semiótico. Nas últimas seis décadas, tem surgido diálogos altamente construtivos entre as humanidades e as ciencias cognitivas. Isso tem permitido entender ao ser humano desde uma perspectiva mais ampla: como uma entidade biológica e a sua vez cultural.
A presente pesquisa analisa algumas propostas de Umberto Eco, relativas à iconicidade, que verificaremos através de determinados aportes provenientes das ciencias cognitivas. A partir de nossos resultados, proponemos uma ferramenta conceptual, o signo icônico germinal, com a qual, pensamos que a semiótica poderia contribuir à referida aproximação inter ou transdisciplinar.
Tratabilidad de los lixiviados del relleno sanitario los corazones de la ciudad de Valledupar mediante el uso de carbón activado
Authors: Trujillo Romero Omar Enrique , Quintero Tovar Andres Luciano , Vega Suarez Julio Cesar 
Published: July 2020

La investigación realizada evaluó la tratabilidad en términos de remoción de materia orgánica (DQO) presente en los lixiviados del relleno sanitario Los Corazones de la ciudad Valledupar, a través del proceso de adsorción con carbón activado, desarrollado bajo dos modelos de flujo hidráulico (reactores continuos y discontinuos) analizando variables como dosis, tiempo de contacto y PH, con la finalidad de comparar y obtener el mayor rendimiento en la remoción de carga orgánica de los lixiviados en estudio.
Para reactores discontinuos con lixiviado crudo se obtuvieron resultados de un 67% de remoción de materia orgánica, modificando el PH a 3 se obtuvieron resultados de un 80 % de remoción de materia orgánica, obteniendo a su vez las mejores condiciones de remoción de DQO en el modelo de flujo discontinuo empleando dosis de 100g/l con tiempos de contacto de 90 minutos.
El reactor continuo se utilizó con caudal de 6 ml/min, tiempo de retención hidráulico de 90 min, dosis utilizada de 640g de carbón activado, donde se ensayó con lixiviado crudo obteniéndose remociones de carga orgánica del 83%, ajustando el pH a 3 se obtuvo remociones del 97%.