bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraordinary Temperature Dependent Second Harmonic Generation in Atomically Thin Layers of Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Khan Ahmed Raza , Liu Boqing , Zhang Linglong , Zhu Yi , He Xin , Zhang Lijun , Lü Tieyu , Lu Yuerui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAtomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are important semiconducting materials because of their interesting layer dependent properties. Recently, optical second harmonic generation (SHG) is used to probe layer number, lattice orientation, phase variation, and strain vector in ultrathin TMDs. Here, it is demonstrated that SHG response of ultrathin TMDs is highly sensitive to temperature modulation. Furthermore, temperature dependent SHG is found to show opposite trends for single layer and few odd layers (3L, 5L, 7L, etc.) of TMDs. A remarkable temperature dependent SHG enhancement (25.8%) is found in single layer molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) using 900 nm laser excitation whereas few odd layers show significant temperature dependent SHG quenching which is found to be ‐55.2%, ‐31.02%, and ‐18.4% in case of 3L, 5L, and 7L of MoSe2. Temperature dependent SHG investigation with other TMDs, like MoS2, WS2, and WSe2, shows the similar trend which reveals an important structural characteristic for TMDs. Second order nonlinear susceptibility calculations considering weak van der Waal forces during thermal expansion in ultrathin TMDs show good agreement with the experimental findings. The results show SHG as a powerful and sensitive approach to investigate thermal variation in ultrathin TMDs.
Strategically Manipulated Polymer Solar Cells to Incorporate Plasmonically Enhanced Spectral Upconversion Backplane
Authors: Cho Ha‐Eun , Lee Na‐Kyung , Song Young Jin , Hong Jinwook , Kang Hyelim , Lim Soo Yeong , Lee Jaegab , Kim Hyung Min , Lee Nohyun , Cho Seok Ho , Lee Sung‐Min 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSpectral upconversion systems placed underneath solar cells have the considerable potential for enhancement of the photovoltaic performance as they allow additional absorption for the solar photons with energy below the bandgap of active materials. However, their application to a type of ultrathin solar cells for achieving the meaningful benefit of the efficiency improvement is challenging, because a pre‐existing rear‐side reflector that substantially increases the photon absorption needs to be eliminated for photonic interaction between photovoltaic active layer and upconversion medium, and hence a level of cell efficiency becomes limited. Herein a facile strategy is presented that can circumvent the issue of performance deterioration arising from the expelled reflector for integrating plasmonically enhanced upconversion systems with ultrathin nonfullerene‐based polymer solar cells. By employing a wavelength‐selectively reflective rear electrode of metal/dielectric multilayer that enables the photon penetration only at excitation and emission wavelengths of the upconversion process, the effect of photocurrent improvement with uncompromising efficiency levels can be expected from the plasmonic upconversion backplane comprising NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ core‐shell nanoparticles and metallic nanostructure. Systematic studies of optical process and resulting device performance in both experiments and numerical modeling provide the optimal design scheme for high‐performance polymer solar cells assisted with upconversion systems.
All‐Solution Processed Multicolor Patterning Technique of Perovskite Nanocrystal for Color Pixel Array and Flexible Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Jeon Sanghyun , Lee Sang Yeop , Kim Su‐Kyung , Kim Woosik , Park Taesung , Bang Junsung , Ahn Junhyuk , Woo Ho Kun , Chae Ji‐Yeon , Paik Taejong , Seong Tae‐Yeon , Oh Soong Ju 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the present study, a new patterning method is introduced through the surface modification and stabilization of perovskite nanocrystals, which is compatible with conventional photolithography process based on all‐solution processes. Chemically designed gel‐type silica‐coated CsPbX3 (X = Br, I, etc.) perovskite nanocrystals combined with dip coating method are introduced to form stable and uniform films. Analyses of the physical and chemical states of nanocrystals and investigation of the kinetics in silica formation are conducted. In an optimized condition, physically uniform and chemically stable perovskite thin films are deposited on various substrates such as flexible, stretchable substrates, or even nonflat objects. By adopting these advantages and developing stable photolithographic chemicals, the high resolution patterns are successfully patterned with green and red emitting CsPbBr3 and CsPbBr3I3−x perovskites with the size down to 5 µm of radius and even a multicolor pixel array which can be used for the color filter, light converting or detecting applications. Flexible white light emitting diode is also fabricated with a large color gamut coverage. This work provides a fundamental understanding of perovskite nanocrystals, and also offers a technological breakthrough enabling various optoelectronic applications.
Dimension Confinement Effect Boosted Ultrasensitive Colorimetric Signal Concentrating
Authors: Wang Peixian , Cai Zhenzhen , Li Jiguang , Li Yushu , Zu Baiyi , Dou Xincun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo understand the underlying fundamental mechanism affecting the optical sensitivity of a paper‐based substrate, a layered polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) network paper is proposed considering the physical geometry and chemical composition required to enhance the sensitivity. It is verified both theoretically and experimentally that the dimension confinement effect introduced by the Steiner network, layered and pore structures, as well as massive hydroxyl groups, play an essential role in enhancing the concentration signal on the surface. Trace chlorate droplets and particles are considered representative examples to prove the excellent structural design‐induced performance of the PVA network paper. A practical mass detection from potassium chlorate solution and particles could be as low as 9.9 pg and 0.34 fg, respectively, and the corresponding naked‐eye observation limit could reach 0.69 ng and 1.6 pg, respectively, assuming the distinguishable size for human eyes is 100 µm. Further, the detection time could be far less than 2 s, which is remarkably superior than the detection performance of the parallel filter paper counterpart. The dimension confinement effect demonstrated here is expected to be of great importance for advancing the development of paper‐based trace detection.
Complementary Dark and Bright Plasmonic Nanocavities with Controllable Energy Exchange for SERS Sensing
Authors: Liu Feifei , Zhang Xinping , Mu Yunyun , Lin Jing , Wang Meng , Ma He 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA 3D nanocavity array with each unit composed of complementarily arranged downward and upward silver nanoshells is reported. Due to the underneath planar gold film, the two differently oriented nanoshells form alternatively closed and semi‐closed nanocavities, respectively, which support dark and bright resonance modes of localized surface plasmons (LSPs). For the symmetric design of such nanocavities, mutually independent multipolar LSPs are directly excited at normal incidence, so that the near‐field coupling between them is inhibited. However, when the geometrical symmetry is broken by introducing a breach on a common sidewall of the two adjacent nanocavities, strong interaction and consequently energy exchange between them become allowed. As a result, Fano coupling between the dark and bright LSPs is clearly observed as a sharp spectroscopic resonance. The most important feature of such a coupled dark‐ and bright‐plasmon system is that the resonance modes of two different LSPs can be tuned separately, enhancing largely the flexibility of the photophysical performance and controllability. In particular, these features enable promising applications of such structures in single‐molecular detection through fluorescence enhancement, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and surface plasmon lasers. SERS measurements verify excellent performance of such nanocavity arrays in high‐sensitivity detection of low‐concentration molecules.
Exploring Phase Stability and Properties of I‐II2‐III‐VI4 Quaternary Chalcogenides
Authors: Shi Wencong , Khabibullin Artem R. , Woods Lilia M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA recently discovered class of quaternary chalcogenides with the I‐II2‐III‐VI4 (I = Cu, Ag; II = Zn, Cd; III = Al, Ga, In; VI = S, Se, Te) chemical formula is considered using electronic structure calculations. Through cross‐cation substitution and maintaining the octet rule, these materials can be obtained from the simpler II‐VI zinc blende systems giving five possible structural phases; stannite, kesterite, primitive mixed CuAu, wurtzite‐stannite, and wurtzite‐kesterite. Here, 36 possible chemical compositions are calculated within these phases and the most stable structure is found for each material. By analyzing the lattice parameters, energy band structures, and other characteristics, different property trends of this new class of materials are presented. The electronic properties show that these materials can exhibit semiconductor to semimetal behavior depending on the phase and chemical compositions. Comparisons with other materials from the related I2‐II‐IV‐VI4 systems, which are widely explored, allow for further fundamental knowledge of chalcogenide systems to be built and for the exploration of their suitability for practical applications.
Probing Coulomb Interactions on Charge Transport in Few‐Layer Organic Crystalline Semiconductors by the Gated van der Pauw Method
Authors: Jiang Sai , Qian Jun , Wang Qijing , Duan Yiwei , Guo Jianhang , Zhang Bowen , Sun Huabin , Wang Xinran , Liu Chuan , Shi Yi , Li Yun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA general understanding of the nature of the charge motions at the organic/dielectric interface requires an accurate examination on the influence from the Coulomb interactions among carriers. However, difficulties on this substantial issue are due to complicated interpretation and extraction of the intrinsic electrical parameters for the organic films. Here, the carrier transport in highly ordered, few‐layer organic crystalline semiconductors is studied by a geometry‐independent gated van der Pauw method, confining the charge carrier distribution at the precision of molecular layers and minimizing the effects of extrinsic factors. The characteristics of carrier transport are varied in different film layers and show nonideal features. The Fröhlich polaron model well explains the features and suggests that the Coulomb interactions among carriers should be considered at a high carrier density, which is manifested by the characteristic parameter 〈ξ 〉/2 measuring the extra potential for polaron transport. This understanding of the physical process between Coulomb interactions and polaron transport in organic crystalline semiconductors can enable promising strategies for achieving more ideal transistor performance and new device physics.
Visualization of Light Elements using 4D STEM: The Layered‐to‐Rock Salt Phase Transition in LiNiO2 Cathode Material
Authors: Ahmed Shamail , Bianchini Matteo , Pokle Anuj , Munde Manveer Singh , Hartmann Pascal , Brezesinski Torsten , Beyer Andreas , Janek Jürgen , Volz Kerstin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe layered oxide LiNiO2 (LNO) has been extensively investigated as a cathode active material for lithium‐ion batteries. Despite LNO's high gravimetric capacity, instability issues hinder its commercialization. It suffers from capacity loss during electrochemical cycling and is difficult to synthesize without defects. This is related to poor structural stability, leading to decomposition into the parent rock‐salt‐type oxide. In order to understand such phase transformations and to develop measures to inhibit them, the development of techniques able to image all atoms is crucial. In this study, the use of a fast, pixelated detector and 4D imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy are explored to tackle this challenge. Selecting specific angular regions in the diffraction patterns and calculating virtual annular bright‐field images significantly enhances the contrast of the lithium atoms, such that all atoms are visible even in realistic samples. The developed technique is applied to image the layered‐to‐rock salt phase transition region. The data show that in this region, nickel atoms are in tetrahedral positions and the oxygen atoms are asymmetrically distributed. Taken together, the results shed light on the phase transformation mechanism at the atomic scale and can guide future research toward stabilizing LNO.
Surgical management of achalasia
Authors: Nurczyk Kamil , Patti Marco G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEsophageal achalasia is a primary esophageal motility disorder characterized by lack of peristalsis and by incomplete or absent relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter in response to swallowing. The cause of the disease is unknown. The goal of treatment is to eliminate the functional outflow obstruction at the level of the gastroesophageal junction, therefore allowing emptying of the esophagus into the stomach. They include the laparoscopic Heller myotomy with partial fundoplication, pneumatic dilatation, and peroral endoscopic myotomy. Esophagectomy is considered as a last resort for patients who have failed prior therapeutic attempts. In this evidence and experience‐based review, we will illustrate the technique and results of the surgical treatment of esophageal achalasia and compare it to the other available treatment modalities.
The dependence of evaporation and crystallization kinetics on dynamic and thermal background
Authors: Misyura Sergey 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn technical problems there is often the need to simultaneously describe both non‐stationary evaporation and non‐stationary crystallization of droplets and films. Poor wettability of the wall and high heat fluxes lead to the film rupture and the formation of pools, dry spots, droplets. To date, there are no well‐developed methods for calculating crystallization and evaporation in the presence of the factors. Evaporation and crystallization of a drop are shown to fundamentally differ from those of a thin layer. The rate of evaporation prior to crystallization controls the crystallization kinetics. The evaporation and crystallization rates for the film (under identical conditions) are significantly higher than for the drop. The difference in the thickness of the diffusion and dynamic boundary layers affects the evaporation rate of an aquatic salt solution. For correct simulation of evaporation, it is necessary to take into account the thicknesses of the thermal, diffusion and concentration boundary layers.
Impact of detectable measurable residual disease on umbilical cord blood transplantation
Authors: Baron Frédéric , Labopin Myriam , Ruggeri Annalisa , Sierra Jorge , Robinson Stephen , Labussière‐Wallet Hélène , Potter Michael , Ribera Josep‐Maria , Deconinck Eric , Rambaldi Alessandro , Rohrlich Pierre‐Simon , de Revel Thierry , Gluckman Eliane , Nagler Arnon , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe impact of measurable residual disease (MRD) on cord blood transplantation (CBT) outcomes has remained debated. To address this issue, we assessed the impact of measurable MRD at CBT on outcomes in large cohort of patients with acute leukemia. Inclusion criteria included adult patients with acute myeloid (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), CBT as first allo‐HCT in first or second complete remission (CR) at transplantation, and known MRD status at the time of CBT. Data from 506 patients were included in the analysis. Among them, 317 patients had AML and 189 had ALL. Positive MRD was reported in 169 (33%) patients while the remaining 337 patients were MRD negative at CBT. At 2 years, relapse incidence was 18% in patients with MRD negativity vs 33% in those with MRD positivity at transplantation (P < .001). Two‐year leukemia‐free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) were 57% and 60%, respectively, in MRD negative patients, vs 38% (P < .001) and 48% (P = .004), respectively, in those with MRD positivity. There was no interaction between the impact of MRD on OS and LFS and diagnosis (ie, ALL vs AML), single or double CBT, and reduced‐intensity or myeloablative conditioning. On multivariate analysis, MRD positivity was associated with a higher risk of relapse (HR = 1.8, P = .003), comparable non‐relapse mortality (P = .44), worse LFS (HR = 1.4, P = .008) and a trend towards worse OS (HR = 1.3, P = .065). In conclusion, these data suggest that novel strategies that are aiming to achieve MRD negativity at CBT are needed for leukemic patients with positive MRD pre‐CBT.
Fulminant myocarditis following recurrent generalized erythrokeratoderma in a child with a heterozygous GJA1 variant
Authors: Kobayashi Hironobu , Shiohama Tadashi , Nakashima Mitsuko , Saitsu Hirotomo , Suga Yasushi , Ebata Ryota , Shimojo Naoki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPathogenic germline variants in the gap junction protein alpha 1 (GJA1) gene have been identified in several congenital disorders affecting cutaneous, skeletal, and cardiac tissues. Here, we describe a 12‐year‐old patient with a GJA1 c.113G>A, p.(Gly38Glu) variant, who presented with fulminant myocarditis following recurrent generalized erythrokeratoderma. His mother and younger sister had the same clinical manifestations with the same GJA1 variant, but did not have cardiac dysfunction. GJA1 variants have been reported in patients with congenital cardiac malformations, while acute myocarditis in GJA1‐related disorders has not been reported so far.
Parent perceptions, beliefs, and fears around genetic treatments and cures for children with Angelman syndrome
Authors: Adams Dawn , Roche Laura , Heussler Helen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGenetic therapies have shown recent promise in alleviating some of the cognitive issues associated with some genetic disorders; however, these therapies may come with significant health and socio‐ethical concerns, particularly when they involve child participants. Little is known about what parents of children with genetic disorders think about genetic therapies, or about their knowledge of how genetic‐based therapy might treat their child's symptoms. Forty‐two parents of children with Angelman syndrome (AS) and 27 parents of a mixed etiology comparison group completed an online survey reporting on their perceptions of, and priorities for, genetic therapy. Almost all parents of children with AS (95%) and the comparison group (89%) agreed that treatments aiming to reduce symptoms associated with their child's syndrome were positive. However, significantly more parents of children with AS (95%) than the comparison group (56%) felt that genetic treatment trials aiming to “cure” their child should be a research priority. AS parent priorities for the focus of clinical trials were neurology/seizures, communication skills, and motor skills/mobility. For the comparison group, the priorities were IQ, immune response, and expressive speech. Parents of both groups did not want treatments to change their child's personality or their happiness. Global assumptions cannot be made about targets for therapy between syndromes, about parental understanding of genetics, or about research evidence across syndromes. This study highlights the need for true family and patient engagement in all stages of the research design and treatment evaluation.
Transition‐Metal‐Free, Visible‐Light‐Mediated N‐acylation: An Efficient Route to Amides in Water
Authors: Xu Yiwen , Xu Xiuzhi , Wu Bin , Gan Chenling , Lin Xiaoyan , Wang Jin , Ke Fang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA visible‐light‐catalyzed radical N‐acylation of amines with carboxylic acids was achieved by means of eosin Y as the photocatalyst under aqueous medium without any transition‐metal‐based catalytic systems. The new method takes advantages of visible‐light photocatalysis to generate the amides under mild conditions. A variety of amides have been synthesized in good to excellent yields. Moreover, the strategy was successfully applied in the preparation of paracetamol.
Long noncoding RNA MAGI2‐AS3/miR‐218‐5p/GDPD5/SEC61A1 axis drives cellular proliferation and migration and confers cisplatin resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Cao Cheng , Zhou Shao , Hu Jiandao 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a subclass of neck and head cancers, is the predominant cause of cancer‐associated death globally. LncRNA MAGI2‐AS3 has been previously reported to be associated with multiple cancers, but its molecular mechanism in NPC has not been fully explained. Hence, the purpose of this study is to identify the role and regulatory mechanism of MAGI2‐AS3 in NPC.MethodsReverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and Western blot (WB) were employed to examine gene levels. The biologic function of MAGI2‐AS3 in NPC was estimated by cell counting, EdU, Transwell, and WB assays. Luciferase reporter and radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were carried out to determine the combination between miR‐218‐5p and MAGI2‐AS3, GDPD5, and SEC61A1.ResultsMAGI2‐AS3 is expressed at a high level in NPC cell lines. Moreover, MAGI2‐AS3 knockdown‐suppressed NPC progression in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, MAGI2‐AS3 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR‐218‐5p to increase the expression of GDPD5 in NPC. Importantly, it was found that MAGI2‐AS3 regulated NPC progression and cisplatin resistance via modulating GDPD5. In addition, MAGI2‐AS3 could also promote the proliferation and migration in NPC cells by regulating SEC61A1.ConclusionMAGI2‐AS3/miR‐218‐5p/GDPD5/SEC61A1 axis drove cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and conferred cisplatin resistance in NPC, which may provide a novel insight into the development of NPC.
Beyond Frameworks: Structuring Reticular Materials across Nano‐, Meso‐, and Bulk Regimes
Authors: Haase Frederik , Hirschle Patrick , Freund Ralph , Furukawa Shuhei , Ji Zhe , Wuttke Stefan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractReticular materials are of high interest for diverse applications, ranging from catalysis and separation to gas storage and drug delivery. These open, extended frameworks can be tailored to the intended application through crystal‐structure design. Implementing these materials in application settings, however, requires structuring beyond their lattices, to interface the functionality at the molecular level effectively with the macroscopic world. To overcome this barrier, efforts in expressing structural control across molecular, nano‐, meso‐, and bulk regimes is the essential next step. In this Review, we give an overview of recent advances in using self‐assembly as well as externally controlled tools to manufacture reticular materials over all the length scales. We predict that major research advances in deploying these two approaches will facilitate the use of reticular materials in addressing major needs of society.
Faceted Branched Nickel Nanoparticles with Tunable Branch Length for High‐Activity Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Biomass
Authors: Poerwoprajitno Agus R. , Gloag Lucy , Watt John , Cychy Steffen , Cheong Soshan , Kumar Priyank V. , Benedetti Tania M. , Deng Chen , Wu Kuang‐Hsu , Marjo Christopher E. , Huber Dale L. , Muhler Martin , Gooding J. Justin , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Wang Da‐Wei , Tilley Richard D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractControlling the formation of nanosized branched nanoparticles with high uniformity is one of the major challenges in synthesizing nanocatalysts with improved activity and stability. Using a cubic‐core hexagonal‐branch mechanism to form highly monodisperse branched nanoparticles, we vary the length of the nickel branches. Lengthening the nickel branches, with their high coverage of active facets, is shown to improve activity for electrocatalytic oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), as an example for biomass conversion.