bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LncRNA MBNL1‐AS1 represses cell proliferation and enhances cell apoptosis via targeting miR‐135a‐5p/PHLPP2/FOXO1 axis in bladder cancer
Authors: Wei Xiaosong , Yang Xiaoming , Wang Beibei , Yang Yang , Fang Zhiwei , Yi Chengzhi , Shi Lei , Song Dongkui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLncRNAs have been shown to play essential roles in bladder cancer (BC) progress. Our microarrays of clinical samples firstly screened that lncRNA muscleblind‐like 1 antisense RNA 1 (MBNL1‐AS1) was poorly expressed in BC tissues. However, its biological function in BC remains not well understood. Here we examined the clinical correlations with MBNL1‐AS1 in BC patients. Then, 5673 and T24 cell lines were employed to investigate the role of MBNL1‐AS1 in the proliferation and apoptosis of BC cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, miR‐135a‐5p (miR‐135a)/PHLPP2/FOXO1 axis was focused to explore its regulatory mechanism in BC. The results showed that MBNL1‐AS1 was significantly downregulated in bladder tumor tissues, and associated with BC progression. In vitro, MBNL1‐AS1 knockdown increased the number of viable cells and bromodeoxyuridine‐positive cells, accelerated cell cycle, and dysregulated proliferative regulators (Ki67, p21, p27, and Cyclin D1) in BC cells. The apoptotic cells and the cleavages of caspase‐3/9 were reduced in MBNL1‐AS1‐silenced BC cells. Overexpression of MBNL1‐AS1 had opposite effects on BC cell proliferation and apoptosis. Moreover miR‐135a was demonstrated to interact with MBNL1‐AS1, and inhibiting miR‐135a reversed the effects of shMBNL1‐AS1 on BC cells. The downstream effectors (PHLPP2 and FOXO1) were positively regulated by MBNL1‐AS1, but negatively regulated by miR‐135a. Similar results were also observed in xenograft tumors. In conclusion, this study firstly suggests that MBNL1‐AS1 acts as a tumor suppressor of BC by targeting miR‐135a/PHLPP2/FOXO1 axis, providing a novel insight for BC diagnosis and treatment.
Patterns of germline and somatic mutations in 16 genes associated with mismatch repair function or containing tandem repeat sequences
Authors: Chang Shih‐Ching , Lan Yuan‐Tzu , Lin Pei‐Ching , Yang Shung‐Haur , Lin Chien‐Hsing , Liang Wen‐Yi , Chen Wei‐Shone , Jiang Jeng‐Kai , Lin Jen‐Kou 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe assumed that targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of mismatch repair‐associated genes could improve the detection of driving mutations in colorectal cancers (CRC) with microsatellite instability (MSI) and microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats (EMAST) and clarify the somatic mutation patterns of CRC subtypes.Material and methodsDNAs from tumors and white blood cells were obtained from 81 patients with EMAST(+)/MSI‐high (MSI‐H), 78 patients with EMAST(+)/microsatellite stable (MSS), and 72 patients with EMAST(−)/MSI‐H. The germline and somatic mutations were analyzed with a 16‐genes NGS panel.ResultsIn total, 284 germline mutations were identified in 161 patients. The most common mutations were in EPCAM (24.8%), MSH6 (24.2%), MLH1 (21.7%), and AXIN2 (21.7%). Germline mutations of AXIN2, POLE, POLD1, and TGFBR2 also resulted in EMAST and MSI. EMAST(+)/MSI‐H tumors had a significant higher mutation number (205.9 ± 95.2 mut/MB) than tumors that were only EMAST(+) or MSI‐H (118.6 ± 64.2 and 106.2 ± 54.5 mut/MB, respectively; both P < .001). In patients with AXIN2 germline mutations, the number of pathological somatic mutations in the tumors was significantly higher than those without AXIN2 germline mutations (176.7 ± 94.2 mut/MB vs 139.6 ± 85.0 mut/MB, P = .002).ConclusionNext‐generation sequencing could enhance the detection of familial CRC. The somatic mutation burden might result from not only the affected genes in germline mutations but also through the dysfunction of downstream effectors. The AXIN2 gene might associate with hypermutation in tumors. Further in vitro experiments to confirm the causal relationship is deserved.
The fallopian tube as origin of ovarian cancer: Change of diagnostic and preventive strategies
Authors: Kyo Satoru , Ishikawa Noriyoshi , Nakamura Kohei , Nakayama Kentaro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOvarian cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer death in the world, and its prevention and early diagnosis remain the key to its treatment, especially for high‐grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). Accumulating epidemiological and molecular evidence has shown that HGSC originates from fallopian tube secretory cells through serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma. Comprehensive molecular analyses and mouse studies have uncovered the key driver events for serous carcinogenesis, providing novel molecular targets. Risk‐reducing bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy (RRSO) has been proposed to reduce the subsequent occurrence of serous carcinoma in high‐risk patients with BRCA mutations. However, there is no management strategy for isolated precursors detected at RRSO, and the role of subsequent surgery or chemotherapy in preventing serous carcinoma remains unclear. Surgical menopause due to RRSO provides a variety of problems related to patients’ quality of life, and the risks and benefits of hormone replacement are under investigation, especially for women without a previous history of breast cancer. An additional surgical option, salpingectomy with delayed oophorectomy, has been proposed to prevent surgical menopause. The number of opportunistic salpingectomies at the time of surgery for benign disease to prevent the future occurrence of HGSC has increased worldwide. Thus, the changing concept of the origin of serous carcinoma has provided us a great opportunity to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
New Borrelidins from Onchidium sp. Associated Streptomyces olivaceus SCSIO LO13
Authors: Zhou Zhenbin , Wu Qiaoling , Xie Qing , Ling Chunyao , Zhang Hua , Sun Changli , Ju Jianhua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBorrelidins M−O (1–3), along with four previously known family members (4–7), were isolated from marine pulmonated mollusks Onchidium sp. associated Streptomyces olivaceus SCSIO LO13. The structures of 1–3 were elucidated by extensive spectral analyses of HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR data. In addition, the cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of 1–7 were evaluated enabling us to propose some tentative structure‐activity relationships (SARs), especially those involving modifications at C(22) and the moieties at C(7) and C(8) of the borrelidin scaffold.
In silico and in vitro effects of the I30T mutation on myelin protein zero instability in the cell membrane
Authors: Ghanavatinejad Fatemeh , Pourteymourfard‐Tabrizi Zahra , Mahnam Karim , Doosti Abbas , Mehri‐Ghahfarrokhi Ameneh , Pourhadi Masoumeh , Azimeh Hosseini Sayedeh , Hashemzadeh Chaleshtori Morteza , Soltanzadeh Payam , Jami Mohammad‐Saeid 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCharcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) diseases are a heterogeneous group of genetic peripheral neuropathies caused by mutations in a variety of genes, which are involved in the development and maintenance of peripheral nerves. Myelin protein zero (MPZ) is expressed by Schwann cells, and MPZ mutations can lead to primarily demyelinating polyneuropathies including CMT type 1B. Different mutations demonstrate various forms of disease pathomechanisms, which may be beneficial in understanding the disease cellular pathology. Our molecular dynamics simulation study on the possible impacts of I30T mutation on the MPZ protein structure suggested a higher hydrophobicity and thus lower stability in the membranous structures. A study was also conducted to predict native/mutant MPZ interactions. To validate the results of the simulation study, the native and mutant forms of the MPZ protein were separately expressed in a cellular model, and the protein trafficking was chased down in a time course pattern. In vitro studies provided more evidence on the instability of the MPZ protein due to the mutation. In this study, qualitative and quantitative approaches were adopted to confirm the instability of mutant MPZ in cellular membranes.
Nicotinamide‐induced silencing of SIRT1 by miR‐22‐3p increases periodontal ligament stem cell proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Zheng Minqian , Guo Jianbin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDental stem cell proliferation and osteoblast differentiation are key cellular processes involved in periodontitis diseases. Researchers have found that SIRT1 (sirtuin 1, silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1) and microRNAs play a pivotal role in the process, but a clear underlying mechanism has not been determined. In this study, the has‐miR‐22‐3p that target SIRT1 was predicted by TargetScan. Luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm that SIRT1 is the direct target of miR‐22‐3p. Importantly, miR‐22‐3p was revealed to control SIRT1 in periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC) and to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of PDLSC by SIRT1 silencing. Furthermore, we detected the induction of miR‐22‐3p expression by nicotinamide treatment on PDLSC. Induction of PDLSC proliferation and differentiation by nicotinamide treatment was blocked by miR‐22‐3p knockdown. These results suggested that the effect of nicotinamide on PDLSC is through miR‐22‐3p. In addition, miR‐22‐3p also upregulated the expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and IL‐8 in PDLSC through SIRT1 pathway and downregulated the expression of TLR‐2 and TLR‐4. miR‐22‐3p is a new target either for the treatment of periodontitis or the improvement of inflammation caused by orthodontics.
A One‐Pot Method to Synthesize a Co‐Based Graphene‐Like Structure Doped Carbon Material for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Peng Hongliang , Duan Diancheng , Tan Xiyou , Hu Fang , Ma Jiaojun , Zhang Kexiang , Xu Fen , Li Bin , Sun Lixian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe performance of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a core issue in of fuel cells. ORR is a slow kinetic process; platinum normally is used to accelerate the reaction. This is a bottleneck for further development of fuel cells. Transition metal and heteroatom co‐doped carbon materials have great potential in ORR catalysis. However, one‐step synthesis of high activity and stability transition metal and heteroatom co‐doped electrocatalysts is still a challenge. In this work, nitrogen, fluorine, and cobalt co‐doped carbon catalyst, MPCo‐950‐5, is prepared from melamine, polytetrafluoroethylene, and cobalt acetate by a one‐step method. MPCo‐950‐5 with a graphene‐like structure and its specific surface area is 642 m2 g−1. The ORR half‐wave potential of MPCo‐950‐5 is positively shifted by 35 mV compared to that of commercial Pt/C. In addition, MPCo‐950‐5 also shows excellent stability and methanol tolerance. This work serves as a simple and feasible method for preparing high ORR active transition metal and heteroatom co‐doped carbon materials.
Somatosensory corticospinal tract axons sprout within the cervical cord following a dorsal root/dorsal column spinal injury in the rat
Authors: McCann Margaret M. , Fisher Karen M. , Ahloy‐Dallaire Jamie , Darian‐Smith Corinna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe corticospinal tract (CST) is the major descending pathway controlling voluntary hand function in primates, and though less dominant, it mediates voluntary paw movements in rats. As with primates, the CST in rats originates from multiple (albeit fewer) cortical sites, and functionally different motor and somatosensory subcomponents terminate in different regions of the spinal gray matter. We recently reported in monkeys that following a combined cervical dorsal root/dorsal column lesion (DRL/DCL), both motor and S1 CSTs sprout well beyond their normal terminal range. The S1 CST sprouting response is particularly dramatic, indicating an important, if poorly understood, somatosensory role in the recovery process. As rats are used extensively to model spinal cord injury, we asked if the S1 CST response is conserved in rodents. Rats were divided into sham controls, and two groups surviving post‐lesion for ~6 and 10 weeks. A DRL/DCL was made to partially deafferent one paw. Behavioral testing showed a post‐lesion deficit and recovery over several weeks. Three weeks prior to ending the experiment, S1 cortex was mapped electrophysiologically, for tracer injection placement to determine S1 CST termination patterns within the cord. Synaptogenesis was also assessed for labeled S1 CST terminals within the dorsal horn. Our findings show that the affected S1 CST sprouts well beyond its normal range in response to a DRL/DCL, much as it does in macaque monkeys. This, along with evidence for increased synaptogenesis post‐lesion, indicates that CST terminal sprouting following a central sensory lesion, is a robust and conserved response.
AR CAPTCHA: Recognizing robot by augmented reality
Authors: Jin Xin , Han Rui , Duan Yuwei , Ning Ning , Li Xiaodong 
Published: November 2019

SummaryWe propose a novel AR CAPTCHA that first uses Augmented Reality to design CAPTCHA. Users should use their cameras on mobile devices to capture a marker in the 3D physical world or PC screens to find the appropriate angle to recognize each 3D character rendered on the marker in a 3D registration manner, which is very hard for machines or robots to do the same thing. Besides, we add many random 2D characters on the marker to make the state‐of‐the‐art scene text recognition methods fail to recognize the target 3D characters. To ensure availability, we design dual‐channel scenario setting (mobile phone and physical world) that enhances the security level of CAPTCHA and single‐channel scenario setting (mobile phone only) that the gyroscope could be used for our CAPTCHA. The experimental results reveal that the recognition accuracy of machines is nearly 0%, while a human could recognize AR CAPTCHA in only a few seconds.
The worldwide burden of smoking‐related oral cancer deaths
Authors: Nocini Riccardo , Lippi Giuseppe , Mattiuzzi Camilla 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesAlthough it is now established that cigarette smoking enhances the risk of oral malignancies, less is known on this epidemiologic interplay. Therefore, this brief report aims to provide an update on the worldwide burden of smoking‐related deaths for lip and oral cavity cancers.Material and methodsWe performed an electronic search in Global Health Data Exchange registry using the keywords “lip and oral cavity cancer” and “smoking,” combined with “deaths,” “year,” and “location.”ResultsGlobal mortality for lip and oral cavity cancers has considerably grown during the past three decades, exhibiting a 1.40‐fold increase. Although up to one third (i.e.,30.5%) of worldwide deaths for these malignancies are still attributable to cigarette smoking, smoking‐related mortality for oral malignancies has decreased during the past three decades. The impact of cigarette smoking on these deaths is lower (i.e.,18.7%, gradually decreasing) in Africa, whereby the burden is higher in Europe (i.e.,43.7%) and Western Pacific (40.9%, gradually escalating).ConclusionsDespite recent policies of smoking dissuasion may have contributed to mitigating the negative impact of smoking on oral cancers, additional healthcare interventions shall be planned to reduce the still high mortality, especially in Western Pacific.
Flight responses of eastern gray kangaroos to benign or harmful human behavior
Authors: Austin Caitlin M. , Ramp Daniel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGlobally, wilderness is being converted for rural and agricultural land use. In countryside landscapes, many habitat structures remain intact, providing suitable habitat for wildlife species that can accurately assess novel risks and develop tolerance to benign disturbances. Associative learning that promotes avoidance and also facilitates desensitization to benign disturbance is key to persisting in these landscapes. Conversely, learning to distinguish and avoid negative interactions with humans, like hunting, is vital. To determine if eastern gray kangaroos are capable of learning from previous interactions with humans, we tested the flight responses of wild kangaroos which have previously experienced either low or high frequencies of harmful and benign encounters with humans. We found that eastern gray kangaroos rapidly habituated to benign disturbance as there was no significant difference in assessment distance between groups that previously experienced low or high frequencies of disturbance. The threat of harmful disturbances was not as quickly learnt, as groups that experienced low frequencies of harmful disturbance delayed flight longer than those experiencing frequent harm. We found that the influence of environmental and group parameters on a kangaroo's decision to flee depended on the intent and frequency of previous interactions with humans. Our study indicates that kangaroos are learning from previous encounters with humans, correctly assessing novel risks which may be contributing to their persistence in countryside landscapes.
Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Tocored through Chemical Assays, Evaluation in Stripped Corn Oil, and CAA Assay
Authors: Zheng Liyou , Jin Jun , Karrar Emad , Xie Liangliang , Huang Jianhua , Chang Ming , Wang Xingguo , Zhang Hui , Jin Qingzhe 
Published: November 2019

Abstractγ‐Tocopherol‐5,6‐quinone (tocored) is a crucial oxidized product of γ‐tocopherol (γ‐T) found in edible oil. Previously published studies on antioxidant activity (AOA) of tocored are not consistent. This study aims to monitor its AOA comprehensively through chemical assays (1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] and ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP]), antioxidant evaluation in a food model system (stripped corn oil), and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay, which would reasonably widen the knowledge of the AOA of γ‐T and tocored. In both DPPH and FRAP assays, tocored shows less AOA than γ‐T. Results of chemical properties in the Schaal oven test show that tocored possesses better AOA than γ‐T. Correlation coefficients of γ‐T and tocored between peroxide and K234 or p‐AnV are 0.8784–0.9875 and 0.8716–0.9879, respectively. The CAA assay also shows that tocored possesses better cellar AOA than γ‐T, with an EC50 at 21.55 µg mL−1. Drawing conclusions from the results from chemical assays, evaluation in stripped corn oil, and CAA assay, tocored is verified as a potent antioxidant in edible vegetable oils compared to γ‐T.Practical Applications: The present work widens the knowledge of antioxidant activity of tocored and gamma‐tocopherol, and contributes to the understanding of existing antioxidant activity when gamma tocopherol is depleted when edible oils are in storage and processing processes.
Between placebo and nocebo: Response to control treatment is mediated by amygdala activity and connectivity
Authors: Egorova Natalia , Benedetti Fabrizio , Gollub Randy L. , Kong Jian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn experimental placebo and nocebo studies, neutral control treatments are often administered for comparison with active treatments, but are of little interest, as, on average, they result in little change. Yet, when considered at an individual level, they fluctuate between baseline and subsequent measurements and may reveal important information about participants' placebo/nocebo responding tendencies.MethodsIn a paradigm involving application of creams paired with positive, negative and neutral expectations, some subjects rated identical stimuli in the neutral condition as more painful while others as less painful after treatment with inert cream. We divided subjects into two groups based on the median split in these pre‐post responses in the neutral control condition, and investigated (a) fMRI signal differences (post minus pre) between the two groups in neutral condition, and (b) seed‐based resting state connectivity of the bilateral amygdala, known to be involved in emotional self‐regulation, as well as ambiguous stimulus processing and aversive learning.ResultsThe results suggested that subjects who rated the same pain stimuli after treatment with explicitly neutral cream as more painful showed stronger fMRI activation of the amygdala during the experiment and had higher connectivity between the left amygdala and the striatum at rest. Neutral pre‐post changes predicted behavioural placebo/nocebo response in this and two independent datasets.ConclusionThese findings suggest that measuring pre‐post change in the neutral control condition might provide important information about subjects' individual differences in placebo/nocebo response.SignificancePre‐post changes in pain ratings in neutral conditions are modulated by amygdala activity and connectivity and can be used to predict placebo/nocebo responses.
Viruses More Friends than Foes
Authors: Moelling Karin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractViruses are normally defined as pathogens and have a bad reputation because of pandemics such as Influenza, HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and SARS. Most viruses are, however, not enemies or killers but play important roles in the origin, development and maintenance of life of all species on our planet. This is new information we learnt by new technologies such as sequencing. Viruses are the most successful species on Earth, they are ubiquitous, in the oceans, in our environment, in animals, plants, bacteria, up in the air, perhaps even in the universe, within our body and even as part of our genomes. They influence our health, our well‐being, mental properties, our gut microbiota including obesity, and may help to cope with multi‐drug‐resistant bacteria. There the phages, viruses of bacteria, raise hopes. Viruses built our immunity: viruses protect against viruses. We do not have to lay eggs – thanks to viruses! They are the drivers of evolution and adaptation to environmental changes, also e. g. in plankton. The success story of viruses started about 3.5 billion years ago when life began. Newly discovered giant viruses are almost bacteria in their composition, suggesting that the borderline between dead matter and life is continuous. There are many open questions – how did life begin, is there life on exoplanets, how to find it? Are virus‐like elements, viroids, important for the origin of life? Will viruses eliminate mankind [1]?
Iron encased organic networks with enhanced lithium storage properties
Authors: Huang Chunmao , Mahmood Javeed , Zhang Jiakui , Zhu Zihe , Chen Dongdong , Chen Peirong , Noh Hyuk‐Jun , Ahmad Ishfaq , Xu Jiantie , Baek Jong‐Beom 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDeveloping promising electrode materials for next‐generation high‐performance lithium ion batteries (LIBs) becomes critically important. So far, a great number of transition metal (M)‐based composites (e.g., oxides, sulfides, selenides, and M‐carbon) as promising anodes have been intensively reported. Despite the huge progress achieved on the development of M‐nitrogen‐doped carbon (M‐N‐C) as catalysts in the field of electrocatalysis, the study of M‐N coordination sites, and how they might affect the anode properties of M‐N‐C for LIBs, is still rare. Here, we designed and fabricated a series of Fe‐N‐C hybrids as anodes for LIBs, including iron (Fe) nanoparticles cores encapsulated in well‐defined nitrogenated holey graphitic structures (Fe@C2N) and Fe encapsulated in a three‐dimensional (3D) cage‐like organic network (Fe@CON). Such hybrids display promising lithium ion storage properties. In particular, benefitting from its 3D‐interconnected microporous structure and rich Fe‐N‐C species, one Fe@CON (e.g., HCF@3DP) exhibits a superb reversible capacity of 747.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, excellent rate capability (e.g., 320.8 mAh g−1 at 10 C) and long cycling stability (over 400 cycles).