bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Modeling of Preclinical Alpha-Emitter Radiopharmaceutical Therapy
Authors: Karimian Alireza , Ji Nathan T. , Song Hong , Sgouros George 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Preclinical studies, in vivo, and in vitro studies, in combination with mathematical modeling can help optimize and guide the design of clinical trials. The design and optimization of alpha-particle emitter radiopharmaceutical therapy (αRPT) is especially important as αRPT has the potential for high efficacy but also high toxicity. We have developed a mathematical model that may be used to identify trial design parameters that will have the greatest impact on outcome. The model combines Gompertzian tumor growth with antibody-mediated pharmacokinetics and radiation-induced cell killing. It was validated using preclinical experimental data of antibody-mediated 213Bi and 225Ac delivery in a metastatic transgenic breast cancer model. In modeling simulations, tumor cell doubling time, administered antibody, antibody specific-activity, and antigen-site density most impacted median survival. The model was also used to investigate treatment fractionation. Depending upon the time-interval between injections, increasing the number of injections increased survival time. For example, two administrations of 200 nCi, 225Ac-labeled antibody, separated by 30 days, resulted in a simulated 31% increase in median survival over a single 400 nCi administration. If the time interval was 7 days or less, however, there was no improvement in survival; a one-day interval between injections led to a 10% reduction in median survival. Further model development and validation including the incorporation of normal tissue toxicity is necessary to properly balance efficacy with toxicity. The current model is, however, useful in helping understand preclinical results and in guiding preclinical and clinical trial design towards approaches that have the greatest likelihood of success.

Significance:
Modeling is used to optimize αRPT.
Romidepsin Plus Liposomal Doxorubicin Is Safe and Effective in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory T-Cell Lymphoma: Results of a Phase I Dose-Escalation Study
Authors: Vu Khoan , Wu Chi-Heng , Yang Chen-Yen , Zhan Aaron , Cavallone Erika , Berry Wade , Heeter Pamela , Pincus Laura , Wieduwilt Matthew J. , William Basem M. , Andreadis Charalambos , Kaplan Lawrence K. , McCormick Frank , Porcu Pierluigi , Brammer Jonathan E. , Ai Weiyun Z. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor romidepsin and the anthracycline liposomal doxorubicin (LD) have modest single-agent activity in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). We investigated the safety and efficacy of the combination of these two agents in CTCL and PTCL.

Patients and Methods:
Using CTCL cell lines and primary CTCL tumor cells, we demonstrated synergistic antitumor activity with romidepsin plus doxorubicin. We then conducted a phase I dose-escalation study of the romidepsin/LD combination in relapsed/refractory CTCL and PTCL. The primary objective was to determine the MTD of romidepsin in combination with LD at 20 mg/m2 i.v., once every 28 days.

Results:
Eleven patients with CTCL and 12 patients with PTCL were treated. The MTD of romidepsin was determined to be 12 mg/m2. Grade 3/4 hematologic toxicities included thrombocytopenia (17%), anemia (13%), and neutropenia (9%). The most frequent treatment-related nonhematologic adverse events were fatigue (48%), nausea (48%), vomiting (35%), and anorexia (30%). Among 21 evaluable patients, the overall response rate was 70% [1 complete response (CR), 6 partial responses (PR)] in CTCL and 27% (3 CR, 0 PR) in PTCL. Of the patients with CTCL, 8 of 10 had skin response, including 6 patients (60%) achieving skin involvement less than 10% of their body surface area at time of best response.

Conclusions:
Romidepsin plus LD demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and promising clinical efficacy with deep skin responses in relapsed/refractory CTCL. Thus, this combination could be considered as a bridge to skin-directed treatment or allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with aggressive CTCL.
A checklist of rust fungi from Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Gautam Ajay Kumar , Avasthi Shubhi 
Published: November 2019

An updated analysis of the diversity of rust fungi in Himachal Pradesh is provided herein as a product of field surveys, of mycological analysis, and of all forms of published documentation and literature. The results of all forms of analysis revealed that Himachal Pradesh has 167 species of rust fungi belonging to the class Pucciniomycetes. The class is represented by 11 families, 23 genera with 167 species. The Pucciniaceae (96 species) followed by Phragmidiaceae (14 species) are the largest families of rust fungi reported from the state. Rest of the families were found associated with 1–10 species of rust fungi. The rust fungi (19 species) with uncertain placement are placed in incertae sedis. The rust genera reported from Himachal Pradesh so far are Aecidium, Chrysomyxa, Coleosporium, Frommea, Gymnosporangium, Kuehneola, Kweilingia, Melampsora, Monosporidium, Ochrospora, Peridermium, Phakopsora, Phragmidium, Pileolaria, Puccinia, Pucciniastrum, Pucciniostele, Ravenelia, Skierka, Uredinopsis, Uredo, Urocystis, and Uromyces.
Notes on the extended distribution of Humboldtia bourdillonii (Fabales: Fabaceae), an Endangered tree legume in the Western Ghats, India
Authors: Balan Anoop P. , Robi A. J. , Predeep S. V. 
Published: November 2019

Humboldtia bourdillonii is an Endangered tree legume; considered endemic to its type locality in the Periyar Tiger Reserve in Idukki District of Kerala State. A new population of this highly threatened endemic species is located in the Vagamon Hills of Kottayam District which is about 70km away from its original locality. The newly located population is drastically affected by the severe floods and landslides that occurred in Kerala state during August 2018. Urgent conservation measures are needed to protect the population from further loss.
Association of Left Atrial Enlargement and Atrial Fibrillation With Cognitive Function and Decline: The ARIC‐NCS
Authors: Zhang Michael J. , Norby Faye L. , Lutsey Pamela L. , Mosley Thomas H. , Cogswell Rebecca J. , Konety Suma H. , Chao Tze‐Fan , Shah Amil M. , Solomon Scott D. , Alonso Alvaro , Chen Lin Y. 
Published: November 2019

Background

Atrial fibrillation (
AF
) is associated with cognitive decline. Whether left atrial enlargement (
LAE
), a critical substrate for
AF,
is also associated is less well established. Therefore, we assessed the association of
LAE
and
AF
with cognitive decline in the ARIC‐NCS (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study).

Methods and Results

Participants (n=3391; mean age, 75±5 years; 59% women) underwent cognitive tests and 2‐dimensional echocardiograms at visit 5 (2011–2013) and follow‐up cognitive tests at visit 6 (2016–2017).
LAE
was defined as left atrium volume index ≥34 mL/m
2
.
AF
was ascertained using study
ECG
s and hospitalization discharge codes. We assessed the association of
AF
and
LAE
with (a) cognitive domain scores at visit 5 and (b) cognitive domain score changes between visit 5 and visit 6. At visit 5, compared with the reference group (without
AF
, normal left atrium), participants with
LAE
and
AF
had significantly lower global cognition (
Z
score, −0.24; 95%
CI,
−0.38 to −0.10), whereas participants with
AF
and without
LAE
and participants with
LAE
and without
AF
did not have lower global cognition. In longitudinal analysis, compared with the reference group, participants with
AF
but without
LAE
had significantly greater decline in global cognition (
Z
score, −0.13; 95%
CI,
−0.21 to −0.06). However,
LAE,
with or without
AF,
was not associated with greater cognitive decline.

Conclusion

Although
LAE
with
AF
was significantly associated with lower cognitive function in cross‐sectional analysis,
LAE,
with or without
AF,
was not associated with greater cognitive decline over 5 years, highlighting the importance of evaluating longitudinal cognitive function. Future studies should have longer follow‐up and evaluate left atrium function.
Dissecting Cognitive Operations in Difficult Visual Search Using Response-locked Posterior Contralateral Negativity Event-related Potentials
Authors: Drisdelle Brandi Lee , Jolicoeur Pierre 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We bisected the sequence of processing into operations taking place before or after the engagement of visual–spatial attention during a difficult search task using event-related potentials. We were able to assign variance in RTs associated with experimental factor effects to phases of processing by examining stimulus-locked (SLpcN) and response-locked (RLpcN) posterior contralateral negativity. Participants searched for a gray square with one gap among gray squares with two gaps. The number of displayed items (set size) and the number of response alternatives were varied. Both experimental manipulations affected the onset latency of the RLpcN, whereas the SLpcN showed small or no latency effects, suggesting they had effects after the initial deployment of attention. Moreover, amplitude effects in the RLpcN and SLpcN behaved similarly. Most importantly, different aspects of the RLpcN dissociated the experimental manipulations: Set size primarily affected processing between RLpcN onset and peak amplitude of the RLpcN, whereas the number of response alternatives affected the onset latency and the latency of peak amplitude of RLpcN. These results show how RLpcN activity can dissociate factor effects that are not separable with SLpcN activity during difficult search.
Carl Schmitt, Nomos of the Earth, and the Question of Historic Title in International Law
Authors: Carty Anthony 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Western international law of territory starts from a standpoint of the priority of the State over its population. The latter is merely an object of the ownership of the State. Title to territory rests on dominant evidence of State activity. The activity of so-called private individuals or economic activity of peoples do not count towards title to territory in the case law of international tribunals. This article contests the foundations of such a perspective. The so-called Western law of territory was devised by Western States to divide up among themselves the territory of non-Western ‘non-peoples’, culminating in the racist Island of Palmas Arbitration. Carl Schmitt provides the makings of an alternative history of the law of territory. It is, and should be, the law of the homelands of peoples, historically located on particular spaces. Peoples precede States, which are merely institutions used by Peoples to protect and administer their homelands. Whatever the difficulties of locating the homelands to which Peoples belong, escape into the so-called Western law of territory as a way to ‘Peace through the Rule of Law’ is an illusion – described contemptuously by the political theorist Raymond Aron as a Law of empty spaces. Without justice, there is no law.
The International Law of the Sea
Authors: Whomersley Christopher 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The concept of “historic rights” has been much discussed recently in the light of the arbitral award in the Philippines v. China case. The United Kingdom, as a major maritime power, has had long experience of dealing with claims about such rights and those which are similarly worded. This includes the seminal case of the Anglo-Norwegian Fisheries case in the International Court of Justice, as well as two other international decisions and a judgment of what is now the Court of Justice of the European Union (EU). In addition, the London Fisheries Convention and the European Union’s Common Fisheries Policy seem to employ terminology to similar effect. Finally, it is interesting to speculate about whether claims to historic rights will be made by other EU Member States after BREXIT.
Near-Global Atmospheric Responses to Observed Springtime Tibetan Plateau Snow Anomalies
Authors: Liu Shizuo , Wu Qigang , Schroeder Steven R. , Yao Yonghong , Zhang Yang , Wu Tongwen , Wang Lei , Hu Haibo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPrevious studies show that there are substantial influences of winter–spring Tibetan Plateau (TP) snow anomalies on the Asian summer monsoon and that autumn–winter TP heavy snow can lead to persisting hemispheric Pacific–North America-like responses. This study further investigates global atmospheric responses to realistic extensive spring TP snow anomalies using observations and ensemble transient model integrations. Model ensemble simulations are forced by satellite-derived observed March–May TP snow cover extent and snow water equivalent in years with heavy or light TP snow. Heavy spring TP snow causes simultaneous significant local surface cooling and precipitation decreases over and near the TP snow anomaly. Distant responses include weaker surface cooling over most Asian areas surrounding the TP, a weaker drying band extending east and northeast into the North Pacific Ocean, and increased precipitation in a region surrounding this drying band. Also, there is tropospheric cooling from the TP into the North Pacific and over most of North America and the North Atlantic Ocean. The TP snow anomaly induces a negative North Pacific Oscillation/western Pacific–like teleconnection response throughout the troposphere and stratosphere. Atmospheric responses also include significantly increased Pacific trade winds, a strengthened intertropical convergence zone over the equatorial Pacific Ocean, and an enhanced local Hadley circulation. This result suggests a near-global impact of the TP snow anomaly in nearly all seasons.
The Coupling of NSSL Warn-on-Forecast and FLASH Systems for Probabilistic Flash Flood Prediction
Authors: Yussouf Nusrat , Wilson Katie A. , Martinaitis Steven M. , Vergara Humberto , Heinselman Pamela L. , Gourley Jonathan J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe goal of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Warn-on-Forecast (WoF) program is to provide frequently updating, probabilistic model guidance that will enable National Weather Service (NWS) forecasters to produce more continuous communication of hazardous weather threats (e.g., heavy rainfall, flash floods, damaging wind, large hail, and tornadoes) between the watch and warning temporal and spatial scales. To evaluate the application of this WoF concept for probabilistic short-term flash flood prediction, the 0–3-h rainfall forecasts from NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory’s (NSSL) experimental WoF System (WoFS) were integrated as the forcing to the NWS operational hydrologic modeling core within the Flooded Locations and Simulated Hydrographs (FLASH) system. Initial assessment of the potential impacts of probabilistic short-term flash flood forecasts from this coupled atmosphere–hydrology (WoFS-FLASH) modeling system were evaluated in the 2018 Hydrometeorology Testbed Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor Hydrology experiment held in Norman, Oklahoma. During the 3-week experiment period, a total of nine NWS forecasters analyzed three retrospective flash flood events in archive mode. This study will describe specifically what information participants extracted from the WoFS-FLASH products during these three archived events, and how this type of information is expected to impact operational decision-making processes. Overall feedback from the testbed participants’ evaluations show promise for the coupled NSSL WoFS-FLASH system probabilistic flash flood model guidance to enable earlier assessment and detection of flash flood threats and to advance the current warning lead time for these events.
Directional Surface Wave Spectra from Point Measurements of Height and Slope
Authors: Plant William J. , Donelan Mark A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe describe here a method for recovering directional ocean surface wave spectra obtained from height and slope measurements made over a small area, the iterative deconvolution method (IDM). We show that IDM is a more reliable method for estimating directional wave spectra than more common spectral estimation techniques by comparing it with the widely used maximum entropy method (MEM). IDM is based on the observation that pitch–roll buoys produce directional spectra that are the true spectra convolved with an angular windowing function and are therefore much broader than the true spectra. We test IDM against simulated data and find that it does a better job of retrieving the known input spectra than does MEM, which often produces false double peaks or incorrect angular widths. We compare IDM recoveries to spectra obtained using a nonstandard processing technique, the wavelet directional method (WDM) on data from a compact array of wave staffs on Lake Ontario. We find that IDM produces directional wave spectra very nearly identical to those obtained using WDM, verifying both techniques. Finally, we processed standard NDBC buoy directional spectra and showed that IDM recovers ocean wave spectra that narrow in the Strait of Juan de Fuca and that follow a changing wind in the expected manner. Neither of these phenomena are reliably obtained using MEM due to its tendency to produce false bimodal peaks and peaks that are too narrow.
Disparities in Breastfeeding Among Military Veterans
Authors: Keddem Shimrit , Solomon Phyllis , Marcus Steve C. , Schapira Marilyn M. , Mattocks Kristin M. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Although breastfeeding is a major public health priority and provides numerous benefits, women veterans encounter many barriers to initiating and sustaining breastfeeding. Women veterans are a growing population with unique health care needs related to exposures and injuries experienced during military service. These military experiences are linked to health diagnoses known to impact postpartum health behaviors, such as breastfeeding. Research aim: The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with breastfeeding at 4 weeks postpartum among women veterans. Methods: We used 2016-to-2018 survey data from women veterans ( N = 420), interviewed before and after delivery, who were enrolled in maternity care coordination at a national sample of Veterans Health Administration facilities. Using the social ecological model, logistic regression was employed to explore the relationship between breastfeeding at least 4 weeks and postpartum and maternal/infant characteristics, interpersonal dynamics, community influences, and system factors. Results: The rate of breastfeeding at 4 weeks postpartum was 78.6% among this sample of veterans. Self-employed participants were 2.8 times more likely to breastfeed than those who were employed outside the home. Participants who had been deployed at any point in their military career were twice as likely to breastfeed compared with those who never deployed. In this study sample, race independently predicted lower rates of breastfeeding, with African American participants being 48% less likely to breastfeed as compared with white participants. Conclusion: Our analysis suggests significant racial disparities in breastfeeding within veteran populations utilizing Veterans Health Administration, despite access to multiple sources of support from both the Veterans Health Administration and the community.
A Comparison of 10% Dextrose and 50% Dextrose for the Treatment of Hypoglycemia in the Prehospital Setting
Authors: Weant Kyle A. , Deloney Lindsay , Elsey Grace , Combs Daniel , French David 
Published: November 2019

Background: Hypoglycemia is a frequent cause of emergency medical services (EMS) activation; however, limited evidence exists to support optimal prehospital treatment. Objective: This study sought to compare the safety and efficacy of the administration of 10% dextrose (D10) intravenously (IV) versus 50% dextrose (D50) IV for the treatment of hypoglycemia in the prehospital setting. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who received IV dextrose by EMS and were transported to an academic teaching hospital emergency department between 2014 and 2017. Results: Four hundred seventy-eight eligible patients were reviewed, with 161 patients receiving D10 and 150 patients receiving D50. There was no significant difference found regarding the need for dextrose retreatment prior to hospital arrival between the D10 and D50 groups (0.6% vs 2.0%; P = .565). The prehospital reassessment glucose in the D50 group was a significantly higher than the D10 group (151.9 vs 124.6 mg/dL, P = .001) and this difference was maintained on hospital arrival (129.5 vs 108.0 mg/dL, P = .011). No significant difference was found between groups with regard to hospital admission, length of stay, or in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: When comparing D10 with D50 for the treatment of hypoglycemia by EMS, there were no significant differences in the need for dextrose retreatment prior to hospital arrival. The use of D50 resulted in a significantly higher blood glucose concentrations both in the prehospital setting and upon hospital arrival. Further study is needed in larger patient populations to evaluate the use of D10, the need for dextrose readministration, and its impact on clinical outcomes.
Psychosocial Adjustments Among Adolescents With Craniofacial Conditions and the Influence of Social Factors: A Multi-Informant Study
Authors: Bous Rany M. , Hazen Rebecca A. , Baus Irene , Palomo J. Martin , Kumar Anand , Valiathan Manish 
Published: November 2019

Background: Previous studies have investigated psychosocial adjustments among adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), but our understanding of other craniofacial conditions remains limited. The objective of this study is to compare psychosocial adjustments among 3 groups of adolescents: craniofacial conditions other than cleft lip and/or palate (craniofacial anomaly [CFA]), CL/P, and controls (CON). Our secondary objective is to examine how social factors may predict the adjustments levels. Design: Cross-sectional, multi-informant, controlled survey study. Participants: Aged 11- to 17-year olds. Craniofacial anomaly (n = 49), isolated CL/P (n = 42), and 55 CON. Total = 146. Outcome Measures: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (self-report, parent report, and teacher report). Results: All 3 informant groups displayed similar patterns, where CFA reported the highest difficulties, followed by CL/P, while CON scored the lowest. Parent reports demonstrated significant differences among the 3 groups for most subscales and were emphasized for peer problems. Self-reports showed significant differences between CFA and CON for total scores and peer problems, while teacher reports showed significant differences for peer problems only. Craniofacial anomaly displayed the highest frequency of abnormal psychosocial adjustments, followed by CL/P. Experiencing bullying or teasing predicted increased difficulties, while having a good friend predicted decreased difficulties. Conclusions: Adolescents with CFA, and to a lesser extent CL/P, may be at a higher risk of having psychosocial problems. Peer problems may constitute the biggest challenge that CFA and CL/P confront. Social factors, especially being bullied or having a good friend, may predict the psychosocial well-being of adolescents with craniofacial conditions.