bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of urethral mobilization and advancement after anterior hypospadias surgery
Authors: Haider Naveed , Hashim Imran , Iqbal Muhammad Asif , Wasti Arsalan Raza , Chaudhary Soban Hameed , Ahmad Armaghan , Saleem Muhammad 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
In hypospadias surgery, despite continued refinement of various surgical procedures, there is no completely satisfactory technique in terms of complications and cosmesis. In recent literature, urethral mobilization and advancement (UMA) is gaining popularity in the management of distal penile hypospadias with no or very low complication rate as compared to all other techniques. The aim of this study is to share our results by using UMA in the management of anterior hypospadias with or without chordae.

Results
A total of 60 patients of anterior hypospadias having the mean age 57.15 ± 38.73 months were included. The mean length of hospital stay was 2.83 ± 1.33 days. The only peroperative complication was urethral injury during urethral mobilization seen in one patient. The most common postoperative complication was hematoma seen in five (8.3%) cases. Two patients (3.3%) had retraction of urethra. One patient had wound infection. Stenosis was labeled in four (6.6%). At 3 months follow-up, 93.3% patients had slit-like meatus and good urinary stream.

Conclusion
We found that UMA technique had good functional as well as excellent cosmetic outcome, so the technique can be adopted for anterior hypospadias correction.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Disease After Male Germ Cell Cancer
Authors: Lauritsen Jakob , Hansen Merete Kjaer , Bandak Mikkel , Kreiberg Michael Bay , Skøtt Julie Wang , Wagner Thomas , Gundgaard Kier Maria Gry , Holm Niels Vilstrup , Agerbæk Mads , Gupta Ramneek , Dehlendorff Christian , Andersen Klaus Kae , Daugaard Gedske 
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE To analyze the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) after treatment of male germ cell cancer (GCC). METHODS Clinical data were extracted from the Danish Testicular Cancer database. For each patient, 10 men matched on date of birth were identified in the Danish normal population by risk-set sampling. Cardiovascular risk factors, CVD, and associated deaths were identified in Danish registries. The association between treatment and outcomes was analyzed by separate Cox models for each outcome. Cancer treatment was included as a time-varying covariate. RESULTS We included 5,185 patients with GCC and 51,850 men in the normal population. Median follow-up was 15.8 years. Treatment with bleomycin-etoposide-cisplatin (BEP; n = 1,819) was associated with increased risks of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Hazard ratios (HRs) of CVD < 1 year after initiation of BEP treatment were as follows: myocardial infarction (HR, 6.3; 95% CI, 2.9 to 13.9), cerebrovascular accident (HR, 6.0; 95% CI, 2.6 to 14.1), and venous thromboembolism (HR, 24.7; 95% CI, 14.0 to 43.6). One year after BEP treatment, the risk of CVD decreased to normal levels, but after 10 years, increasing risks were found for myocardial infarction (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.0) and cardiovascular death (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.5). Radiotherapy (n = 780) increased the risk of diabetes at long-term follow-up (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.0) but not that of other outcomes. With surveillance (n = 3,332), cardiovascular risk factors, CVD, and cardiovascular death data were comparable to that of the normal population. CONCLUSION Treatment with BEP was associated with highly increased risks of CVD < 1 year after treatment start and mildly increased risks after 10 years of follow-up. Radiotherapy increased the risk of diabetes but not incident CVD. The risk of CVD in patients followed in a surveillance program was comparable to that of the normal population.
NSABP B-47/NRG Oncology Phase III Randomized Trial Comparing Adjuvant Chemotherapy With or Without Trastuzumab in High-Risk Invasive Breast Cancer Negative for HER2 by FISH and With IHC 1+ or 2+
Authors: Fehrenbacher Louis , Cecchini Reena S. , Geyer Jr Charles E. , Rastogi Priya , Costantino Joseph P. , Atkins James N. , Crown John P. , Polikoff Jonathan , Boileau Jean-Francois , Provencher Louise , Stokoe Christopher , Moore Timothy D. , Robidoux André , Flynn Patrick J. , Borges Virginia F. , Albain Kathy S. , Swain Sandra M. , Paik Soonmyung , Mamounas Eleftherios P. , Wolmark Norman 
Published: December 2019

PURPOSE Adjuvant trastuzumab reduces invasive breast cancer (IBC) recurrence and risk for death in patients with HER2-amplified or overexpressing IBC. A subset of patients in the landmark trastuzumab adjuvant trials who originally tested HER2-positive but were HER2-negative by central HER2 testing appeared to possibly benefit from trastuzumab. The objective for the NSABP B-47 trial was to determine whether the addition of trastuzumab to adjuvant chemotherapy (CRx) would improve invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) in patients with HER2-negative breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 3,270 women with high-risk primary IBC were randomly assigned to CRx with or without 1 year of trastuzumab. Eligibility criteria included immunohistochemistry (IHC) score 1+ or 2+ with fluorescence in situ hybridization ratio (FISH) < 2.0 or, if ratio was not performed, HER2 gene copy number < 4.0. CRx was either docetaxel plus cyclophosphamide or doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by weekly paclitaxel for 12 weeks. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 46 months, the addition of trastuzumab to CRx did not improve IDFS (5-year IDFS: 89.8% with CRx plus trastuzumab [CRxT] v 89.2% with CRx alone; hazard ratio [HR], 0.98; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.25; P = .85). These findings did not differ by level of HER2 IHC expression, lymph node involvement, or hormone-receptor status. For distant recurrence-free interval, 5-year estimates were 92.7% with CRxT compared with 93.6% for CRx alone (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.50; P = .55) and for overall survival (OS) were 94.8% with CRxT and 96.3% in CRx alone (HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.95; P = .15). There were no unexpected toxicities from the addition of trastuzumab to CRx. CONCLUSION The addition of trastuzumab to CRx did not improve IDFS, distant recurrence-free interval, or OS in women with non-HER2–overexpressing IBC. Trastuzumab does not benefit women without IHC 3+ or FISH ratio-amplified breast cancer.
Integrated lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses identify altered nerve triglycerides in mouse models of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes
Authors: O'Brien Phillipe D. , Guo Kai , Eid Stephanie A. , Rumora Amy E. , Hinder Lucy M. , Hayes John M. , Mendelson Faye E. , Hur Junguk , Feldman Eva L. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a complication of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Increasing evidence suggests that factors besides hyperglycaemia contribute to PN development, including dyslipidaemia. The objective of this study was to determine differential lipid classes and altered gene expression profiles in prediabetes and T2D mouse models in order to identify the dysregulated pathways in PN. Here, we used high-fat diet (HFD)-induced prediabetes and HFD/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2D mouse models that develop PN. These models were compared to HFD and HFD-STZ mice that were subjected to dietary reversal. Both untargeted and targeted lipidomic profiling, and gene expression profiling were performed on sciatic nerves. Lipidomic and transcriptomic profiles were then integrated using complex correlation analyses, and biological meaning was inferred from known lipid-gene interactions in the literature. We found an increase in triglycerides (TGs) containing saturated fatty acids. In parallel, transcriptomic analysis confirmed the dysregulation of lipid pathways. Integration of lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses identified an increase in diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), the enzyme required for the last and committed step in TG synthesis. Increased DGAT2 expression was present not only in the murine models but also in sural nerve biopsies from hyperlipidaemic diabetic patients with PN. Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that abnormal nerve-lipid signalling is an important factor in peripheral nerve dysfunction in both prediabetes and T2D.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of safety and efficacy of safinamide for motor fluctuations in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Abdelalem Aziz Ahmed Mohamed 
Published: December 2019

Background: Safinamide, a recently developed drug with several mechanisms of action has been investigated as an add-on therapy for Parkinson's disease patients suffering from motor complications due to the usage of anti-Parkinson's medications such as levodopa and dopaminergic drugs. The aim of the study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of Safinamide as add-on therapy for Parkinson's disease patients. Methods: A computerized literature search was conducted of PubMed, EMBASE, ClinicalTrial.gov and Cochrane Library until August 2019. We selected relevant randomized controlled trials comparing safinamide groups to placebo groups. Relevant outcomes were pooled as mean difference (MD) and risk ratio (RR) using Review Manager 5.3. Results: We found that the overall MD of changes in “off-time” and “on time without troublesome dyskinesia” favored the safinamide group over the placebo group (MD -0.72 h, 95% CI -0.89 to -0.56 and MD 0.71 h, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.90, respectively). Additionally, the overall MD of change in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part three (UPDRS III) favored the safinamide group (MD -1.83, 95% CI -2.43 to -1.23). In case of adverse events, the pooled meta-analysis did not favor the safinamide group over the placebo group. Conclusions: In this study, we provide class I evidence about the potential role of safinamide as an add-on therapy for Parkinson's disease patients suffering from motor fluctuations. However, a few included studies did not mention the data of important outcomes. Also, we report high risk of bias in individual studies. Future randomized controlled trials with different doses are recommended to provide more evidence for the efficacy and safety of safinamide as a treatment for motor complications of anti-Parkinson's medications.
Cancer Publication Portal: an online tool for summarizing and searching human cancer-genomic publications
Authors: Dancik Garrett M. , Williams Kevin , Zhang Myron , Romanenko Nataliia 
Published: December 2019

A search of PubMed lists >582,000 citations with the keywords “cancer” and “gene”. The large volume of cancer genomic publications necessitates the development of text-mining tools to help cancer researchers navigate and summarize articles efficiently. We developed a Cancer Publication Portal (CPP) to help researchers efficiently search and summarize cancer genomic publications, based on one or more genes of interest. CPP integrates data from several sources, including PubTator, the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) database; the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee human gene name database; PubMed, a database of biomedical literature citations; and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Thesaurus. Following each query, results are summarized and include the publication frequency for each cancer type, as well as publication frequencies for cancer terms, pharmacological agents, genomic mutations, and additional genes stratified by cancer type. Cancer terms were identified by comparing titles and abstracts from cancer-related (N=851,868) and non-cancer related articles (N=2,607,020). CPP allows a user to quickly obtain publication statistics, such as the frequency of articles mentioning EGFR across cancer types, and to explore associations, such as the association between pharmacological agent and cancer type. Result summaries are interactive, so additional filters can be easily added as the literature is explored. After a search is completed, a PubTator collection can be quickly created, in order to view article titles and abstracts in PubTator. CPP currently includes information for ~1.1 million cancer-related publications associated with >23,000 human genes. Database URL: https://gdancik.github.io/bioinformatics/CPP/.
Setting the stage for strengthened annual monitoring of family planning program performance at the state/national level in Myanmar
Authors: Nwe Tin Khaing , Williamson Jessica , Sonneveldt Emily 
Published: December 2019

Background: Although Myanmar has made good progress in family planning by increased contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) from 41% in 2007 to 52.2% in 2016, it remains lower than the target of 60% by 2020. There are also huge disparities sub-nationally, ranging from 25% to 60%. While there is a strong need to monitor the progress of family planning program regularly at the national and sub-national level, Myanmar has limited surveys, data quality and methodological issues in its Health Management Information System (HMIS), and a scattered rollout of the Logistic Management Information System (LMIS). Methods: To identify viable options for annual monitoring, four data sources: modelled contraceptive prevalence rate for modern methods (mCPR) estimates from Track20’s Family Planning Estimation Tool (FPET); method-specific prevalence from the 2015-16 Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (DHS); mCPR estimates and method prevalence from HMIS and estimates of modern method use (EMU) based on commodity consumption data from LMIS, were used to compare for the years 2015-2017. Estimates of mCPR from HMIS were tested for accuracy based on whether they fell within the 95% confidence interval of mCPR estimates from the FPET for the corresponding years. EMU from LMIS was also tested for those years and states/regions where available. Results: For annual tracking of mCPR, direct estimates of HMIS were considered; they were much higher than those of the DHS survey and were not matched by FPET results, except in Chin and Kayin. To monitor the method mix, HMIS data can be used as these are similar pattern with DHS in both national and State/Regional level except Chin and Kayin. LMIS could be used in annual tracking when there are high reporting rates and valid information of consumption. Conclusions: Track20’s FPET is the method of choice to get valid information for annual monitoring of family planning program.
Tissue-specific transcriptomic changes associated with AmBisome® treatment of BALB/c mice with experimental visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Forrester Sarah , Siefert Karin , Ashwin Helen , Brown Najmeeyah , Zelmar Andrea , James Sally , Lagos Dimitris , Timmis Jon , Chatterjee Mitali , Mottram Jeremy C. , Croft Simon L. , Kaye Paul M. 
Published: December 2019

Background: Liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome®) as a treatment modality for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has had significant impact on patient care in some but not all regions where VL is endemic. As the mode of action of AmBisome® in vivo is poorly understood, we compared the tissue-specific transcriptome in drug-treated vs untreated mice with experimental VL. Methods: BALB/c mice infected with L. donovani were treated with 8mg/kg AmBisome®, resulting in parasite elimination from liver and spleen over a 7-day period. At day 1 and day 7 post treatment (Rx+1 and Rx+7), transcriptomic profiling was performed on spleen and liver tissue from treated and untreated mice and uninfected mice. BALB/c mice infected with M. bovis BCG (an organism resistant to amphotericin B) were analysed to distinguish between direct effects of AmBisome® and those secondary to parasite death. Results: AmBisome® treatment lead to rapid parasitological clearance. At Rx+1, spleen and liver displayed only 46 and 88 differentially expressed (DE) genes (P<0.05; 2-fold change) respectively. In liver, significant enrichment was seen for pathways associated with TNF, fatty acids and sterol biosynthesis. At Rx+7, the number of DE genes was increased (spleen, 113; liver 400). In spleen, these included many immune related genes known to be involved in anti-leishmanial immunity. In liver, changes in transcriptome were largely accounted for by loss of granulomas. PCA analysis indicated that treatment only partially restored homeostasis. Analysis of BCG-infected mice treated with AmBisome® revealed a pattern of immune modulation mainly targeting macrophage function. Conclusions: Our data indicate that the tissue response to AmBisome® treatment varies between target organs and that full restoration of homeostasis is not achieved at parasitological cure. The pathways required to restore homeostasis deserve fuller attention, to understand mechanisms associated with treatment failure and relapse and to promote more rapid restoration of immune competence.
Improving causality in microbiome research: can human genetic epidemiology help?
Authors: Wade Kaitlin H. , Hall Lindsay J. 
Published: December 2019

Evidence supports associations between human gut microbiome variation and multiple health outcomes and diseases. Despite compelling results from in vivo and in vitro models, few findings have been translated into an understanding of modifiable causal relationships. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have been unconvincing in their ability to offer causal evidence due to their observational nature, where confounding by lifestyle and behavioural factors, reverse causation and bias are important limitations. Whilst randomized controlled trials have made steps towards understanding the causal role played by the gut microbiome in disease, they are expensive and time-consuming. This evidence that has not been translated between model systems impedes opportunities for harnessing the gut microbiome for improving population health. Therefore, there is a need for alternative approaches to interrogate causality in the context of gut microbiome research. The integration of human genetics within population health sciences have proved successful in facilitating improved causal inference (e.g., with Mendelian randomization [MR] studies) and characterising inherited disease susceptibility. MR is an established method that employs human genetic variation as natural “proxies” for clinically relevant (and ideally modifiable) traits to improve causality in observational associations between those traits and health outcomes. Here, we focus and discuss the utility of MR within the context of human gut microbiome research, review studies that have used this method and consider the strengths, limitations and challenges facing this research. Specifically, we highlight the requirements for careful examination and interpretation of derived causal estimates and host (i.e., human) genetic effects themselves, triangulation across multiple study designs and inter-disciplinary collaborations. Meeting these requirements will help support or challenge causality of the role played by the gut microbiome on human health to develop new, targeted therapies to alleviate disease symptoms to ultimately improve lives and promote good health.
Five-channel fiber-based laser Doppler vibrometer for underwater acoustic field measurement
Authors: Shang Jianhua , Liu Yang , Sun Jiatong , Kim Dae Wook , Chen Weibiao , He Yan 
Published: December 2019

In this paper, a 1550 nm five-channel all-fiber homodyne laser Doppler vibrometer with high sensitivity and good signal probing probability is presented. Under the anechoic tank, standing on an airborne platform above the water surface 3 m away, the calibration experiments of the designed system are conducted. The minimum detectable sound pressure level is up to 101.73 dB re 1 µPa at 10 kHz under the hydrostatic water surface condition, and the time distribution of the final outputs are consistent with that of the underwater sound transducer. For the hydrodynamic detection capability, with the help of a 1064 nm high-pulse-energy laser whose pulse energy is 6J, pulse duration is about 8 ns, and repetition rate is 1 Hz, the system performance is tested in Qiandao Lake. And the signal probing probability of the whole sensing system is up to 59.77%.
Design and analysis of a grating assisted hybrid mode and polarization division (de)multiplexer
Authors: Minz Manoranjan , Sonkar Ramesh Kumar 
Published: December 2019

In this paper, a hybrid mode and polarization division (MDM-PDM) (de)multiplexer based on a buried strip waveguide, operating at 1550 nm, is proposed on the silicon-on-insulator platform. The proposed device can (de)multiplex three quasi-transverse electric and two quasi-transverse magnetic modes of a multimode waveguide concurrently. The multiplexing and demultiplexing operations are achieved by coupling the multimode waveguide modes with the fundamental modes of the single-mode waveguides. The couplings between the modes are realized by employing grating structures in between the multimode and single-mode waveguides. A 2.5D finite-difference time-domain simulation technique is used to examine the performance of the device. An insertion loss of

>

−

0.76

d
B

, return loss of

<

−

11.23

d
B

, and crosstalk of

<

−

12.42

d
B

are obtained for the proposed hybrid MDM-PDM (de)multiplexer. Moreover, the fabrication tolerance of the proposed device structure is studied by keeping the center-to-center distance between the waveguides constant and by varying the waveguide width.
Giant dispersive and absorptive optical nonlinearities in TiO2 thin films
Authors: Chouhan Romita , Gupta Mukul , Sen P. K. , Sen Pratima 
Published: December 2019

We report the experimental observation of giant dispersive and absorptive optical nonlinearities in direct current magnetron sputtered as-grown and annealed

T
i
O

2

thin films. The

T
i
O

2

film was deposited in a mixture of argon and oxygen. The as-grown film and the film annealed below 250°C demonstrated amorphous behavior having particle size variation in the range of 15–20 nm, while the films annealed above temperature

≥

300
∘

C

exhibited crystalline structure with larger particle size (50–80 nm). The enhancement in optical nonlinearity in amorphous films can be attributed to small particle sizes, while in crystalline thin films, the enhancement in optical nonlinearity is attributed to phonon-assisted resonant transitions. The films are characterized by the x-ray diffraction technique, atomic force microscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy for their structural properties, morphology, bandgap, and presence of phonon modes, respectively. The intensity-dependent nonlinear optical properties of the films are analyzed by using the Z-scan technique.
Ethanedithiol treatment on zinc oxide films for highly efficient quantum dot light-emitting diodes by reducing exciton quenching
Authors: Lee Cheyoon , Moon Hyungsuk , Kim Jungwoo , Kim Hyeongeun , Chae Heeyeop 
Published: December 2019

Surface modification of ZnO nanoparticles with ethanedithiol (EDT) has been studied to minimize exciton loss at the ZnO/quantum dots (QDs) interface and to improve the efficiency of QD light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). The EDT treatment has been demonstrated to fill oxygen vacancies and reduce carboxylate and hydroxyl ligands on the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles from the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The reduction of oxygen vacancies makes the ZnO films more hydrophobic and maintains the optical bandgap under ambient conditions. EDT treatment shifts the energy level up by 0.47 eV by modifying the surface of ZnO. Non-radiative recombination processes at the ZnO/QDs interface such as interfacial charge transfer and energy transfer are reduced through the upshifted energy level and reduced surface defects. The brightness of the QLED with EDT treatment on ZnO was improved by more than 330% having a maximum luminance of

59

,

500

c
d

/

m

2

compared to the QLED with pristine ZnO. The maximum current efficiency of the QLEDs has been improved from 54.3 cd/A to 73.4 cd/A, which is 35% higher than ZnO-based QLEDs.