bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytokine mRNA Expression in Lesions in Cats with Chronic Gingivostomatitis
Authors: Harley R. , Helps C. R. , Harbour D. A. , Gruffydd-Jones T. J. , Day M. J. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTSemiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR assays were developed to measure feline interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 (p35 & p40); gamma interferon (IFN-γ); and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA concentrations in biopsies of feline oral mucosa. Biopsies were collected from 30 cats with chronic gingivostomatitis (diseased) prior to each cat receiving one of four treatments. In 23 cases replicate biopsies were collected 3 months after treatment commenced. Biopsies were also analyzed from 11 cats without clinical disease (nondiseased). Expression of IL-2, IL-10, IL-12 (p35 and p40), and IFN-γ was detected in most nondiseased biopsies, while IL-6 was detected in a minority, and IL-4 and IL-5 were both undetectable. Compared to nondiseased cats, the diseased population showed a significant increase in the relative mRNA expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 (p35 and p40), and IFN-γ. In contrast, IL-5 mRNA expression was unchanged and was only detected in one case. No significant relationship was demonstrable between the change in relative expression of specific cytokine mRNA and the change in clinical severity of the local mucosal lesions over the treatment period. The results demonstrate that the normal feline oral mucosa is biased towards a predominantly (Th) type 1 profile of cytokine expression and that during the development of lesions seen in feline chronic gingivostomatitis there is a shift in the cytokine profile from a type 1 to a mixed type 1 and type 2 response.
Decreased Superoxide Production, Degranulation, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Secretion, and CD11b/CD18 Receptor Expression by Adherent Monocytes from Preterm Infants
Authors: Kaufman David , Kilpatrick Laurie , Hudson R. Guy , Campbell Donald E. , Kaufman Ann , Douglas Steven D. , Harris Mary C. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTPreterm infants have an increased incidence of infection, which is principally due to deficiencies in neonatal host defense mechanisms. Monocyte adherence is important in localizing cells at sites of infection and is associated with enhanced antimicrobial functions. We isolated cord blood monocytes from preterm and full-term infants to study their adhesion and immune functions, including superoxide (O2−) generation, degranulation, and cytokine secretion and their adhesion receptors. O2−production and degranulation were significantly diminished, by 28 and 37%, respectively, in adherent monocytes from preterm infants compared to full-term infants (P< 0.05); however, these differences were not seen in freshly isolated cells. We also observed a significant decrease of 35% in tumor necrosis factor alpha secretion by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated adherent monocytes from preterm infants compared to full-term infants (P< 0.05); however, this difference was not observed in interleukin-1β or interleukin-6 production by the monocytes. The cell surface expression of the CD11b/CD18 adhesion receptor subunits was significantly decreased (by 60 and 52%, respectively) in monocytes from preterm infants compared to full-term infants (P< 0.01). The cascade of the immune response to infection involves monocyte upregulation and adherence via CD11b/CD18 receptors followed by cell activation and the release of cytokines and bactericidal products. We speculate that monocyte adherence factors may be important in the modulation of immune responses in preterm infants.
Outcomes ofBordetellaInfections in Vaccinated Children: Effects of Bacterial Number in the Nasopharynx and Patient Age
Authors: He Qiushui , Arvilommi Heikki , Viljanen Matti K. , Mertsola Jussi 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTFive outbreaks of infection (three pertussis, one parapertussis, and one mixed) in schools were studied prospectively. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from a total of 697 children for culture ofBordetellaorganisms. Of 50 vaccinated children with culture-confirmedBordetellainfections (29 with pertussis and 21 parapertussis), 40 were symptomatic and 10 remained symptom-free. Smaller numbers of colonies were recovered from the nasopharyngeal swabs of the asymptomatic children than from those of the symptomatic children. Older children had longer durations of illness than younger ones. Our results indicate that during outbreaks children who do not develop disease may have small amounts ofBordetellaorganisms in their nasopharynges and/or better immune defenses against the disease.
Development of an Antigen Spot Test for Detection of Coronavirus in Bovine Fecal Samples
Authors: Gaber Fathy , Kapil Sanjay 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

We have developed a rapid and sensitive microimmunodot blot assay, the antigen spot test (AST), for the detection of bovine coronavirus (BCV) antigen from neonatal calf fecal samples. The AST procedure can be completed in 3.5 h, whereas the previously reported immunodot blot assays require 10 to 12 h. Ninety-six samples can be tested per membrane, and 10 membranes (960 samples) may be processed by a single technologist in 1 working day. The effects of detergents, oxidizing chemicals, chaotropic agents, and enzyme substrates in improving the sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio of the AST were studied. Finally, the sensitivity and specificity of AST for the detection of BCV antigen were compared to those of a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and a hemagglutination assay (HA). Of 347 field samples tested by all three methods, 94.2% were positive by AST, 91.4% were positive by ELISA, and 86.7% were positive by HA. The sensitivity of the AST was determined to be 100% compared to the results of the ELISA reference method. The specificity of the AST was 67%, which reflects a lower limit of detection of 10
4
viral particles per ml in a 10% fecal suspension.
A Flow Cytometric Opsonophagocytic Assay for Measurement of Functional Antibodies Elicited after Vaccination with the 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine
Authors: Martinez Joseph E. , Romero-Steiner Sandra , Pilishvili Tamara , Barnard Suzanne , Schinsky Joseph , Goldblatt David , Carlone George M. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTOpsonophagocytosis is the primary mechanism for clearance of pneumococci from the host, and the measurement of opsonophagocytic antibodies appears to correlate with vaccine-induced protection. We developed a semiautomated flow cytometric opsonophagocytosis assay using HL-60 granulocytes as effector cells and nonviable 5,6-carboxyfluorescein, succinimidyl ester-labeledStreptococcus pneumoniae(serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F) as bacterial targets. The flow cytometric opsonophagocytosis assay was highly reproducible (for 87% of repetitive assays the titers were within 1 dilution of the median titer) and serotype specific, with ≥97% inhibition of opsonophagocytic titer by addition of homologous serotype-specific polysaccharide. In general, opsonophagocytic titers were not significantly inhibited by the presence of either heterologous pneumococcal polysaccharide or penicillin in the serum. The flow cytometric assay could reproducibly measure functional antibody activity in prevaccination (n= 28) and postvaccination (n= 36) serum specimens from healthy adult volunteers vaccinated with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. When compared with a standardized manual viable opsonophagocytic assay, a high correlation (r= 0.89;P≤ 0.01) was found between the two assays for the seven serotypes tested. The flow cytometric assay is rapid (∼4 h) with high throughput (∼50 serum samples per day per technician) and provides a reproducible measurement of serotype-specific functional antibodies, making it a highly suitable assay for the evaluation of the immune responses elicited by pneumococcal vaccines.
Heterophile Antibodies to Bovine and Caprine Proteins Causing False-Positive Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Other Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Results
Authors: Willman Joseph H. , Martins Thomas B. , Jaskowski Troy D. , Hill Harry R. , Litwin Christine M. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Heterophile antibodies are a well-recognized cause of erroneous results in immunoassays. We describe here a 22-month-old child with heterophile antibodies reactive with bovine serum albumin and caprine proteins causing false-positive results to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and other infectious serology testing.
Total Immunoglobulin E Levels and Dengue Infection on San Andrés Island, Colombia
Authors: Míguez-Burbano María José , Jaramillo Carlos A. , Palmer Carol J. , Shor-Posner Gail , Velásquez Luz Stella , Lai Hong , Baum Marianna K. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

An evaluation of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and dengue serostatus in 168 subjects from San Andrés Island, Colombia, revealed altered levels of IgE in 89% of the population. IgE levels were higher in patients with a history of dengue or with a current secondary or current primary infection than in subjects with no exposure (
P
= 0.01). Dengue infection accounted for 23% of the variation in IgE levels.
Brucella
Outer Membrane Lipoproteins Share Antigenic Determinants with Bacteria of the Family
Rhizobiaceae
Authors: Cloeckaert Axel , Tibor Anne , Zygmunt Michel S. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

Brucellae have been reported to be phylogenetically related to bacteria of the family
Rhizobiaceae
. In the present study, we used a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to
Brucella
outer membrane proteins (OMPs) to determine the presence of common OMP epitopes in some representative bacteria of this family, i.e.,
Ochrobactrum anthropi
,
Phyllobacterium rubiacearum
,
Rhizobium leguminosarum
, and
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
, and also in bacteria reported to serologically cross-react with brucella, i.e.,
Yersinia enterocolitica
O:9,
Escherichia coli
O:157, and
Salmonella urbana
. In particular, most MAbs to the
Brucella
outer membrane lipoproteins Omp10, Omp16, and Omp19 cross-reacted with
O. anthropi
and
P. rubiacearum
, which are actually the closest relatives of brucellae. Some of them also cross-reacted, but to a lower extent, with
R. leguminosarum
and
A. tumefaciens
. The putative Omp16 and Omp19 homologs in these bacteria showed the same apparent molecular masses as their
Brucella
counterparts. None of the antilipoprotein MAbs cross-reacted with
Y. enterocolitica
O:9,
E. coli
O:157, or
S. urbana
.
Mastitis and Immunological Factors in Breast Milk of Lactating Women in Malawi
Authors: Semba Richard D. , Kumwenda Newton , Taha Taha E. , Hoover Donald R. , Lan Yin , Eisinger Ward , Mtimavalye Laban , Broadhead Robin , Miotti Paolo G. , Van Der Hoeven Len , Chiphangwi John D. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTAlthough an elevated sodium concentration in human milk is suggested to be an indicator of mastitis, it is unclear whether elevated sodium concentrations are associated with immunological and inflammatory mediators in human milk. We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the relationships between elevated breast milk sodium concentrations and levels of lactoferrin, lysozyme, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) in human milk at 6 weeks postpartum in 96 lactating women in Blantyre, Malawi. Mastitis, as indicated by an elevated breast milk sodium concentration, was present in 15.6% of the women. Women with and without mastitis had respective median levels of other factors as follows: lactoferrin, 1,230 versus 565 mg/liter (P< 0.0007); lysozyme, 266 versus 274 mg/liter (P= 0.55); SLPI, 76 versus 15 μg/liter, (P< 0.0002); IL-8, 339 versus 25 ng/liter (P< 0.0001); and RANTES, 82 versus 3 ng/liter (P< 0.0001). Elevated sodium concentrations in breast milk are associated with an increase in levels of some immunological and inflammatory factors in breast milk.
Development of Diagnostic Reagents To Differentiate betweenMycobacterium bovisBCG Vaccination andM. bovisInfection in Cattle
Authors: Vordermeier H. M. , Cockle P. C. , Whelan A. , Rhodes S. , Palmer N. , Bakker D. , Hewinson R. G. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIn Great Britain a recent independent scientific review for the government has concluded that the development of a cattle vaccine againstMycobacterium bovisholds the best long-term prospect for tuberculosis control in British herds. A sine qua non for vaccination is the development of a complementary diagnostic test to differentiate between vaccinated animals and those infected withM. bovisso that test-and-slaughter-based control strategies can continue alongside vaccination. In order to assess the feasibility of developing a differential diagnostic test for a live vaccine, we choseM. bovisBCG Pasteur as a model system. Recombinant forms of antigens which are expressed inM. bovisbut not, or only at low levels, in BCG Pasteur (ESAT-6, MPB64, MPB70, and MPB83) were produced. These reagents were tested either alone or in combination by using peripheral blood mononuclear cells fromM. bovis-infected, BCG-vaccinated, andMycobacterium avium-sensitized calves. All four antigens induced in vitro proliferation and gamma interferon responses only inM. bovis-infected animals. A cocktail composed of ESAT-6, MPB64, and MPB83 identified infected animals but not those vaccinated with BCG. In addition, promiscuous T-cell epitopes of ESAT-6, MPB64, and MPB83 were formulated into a peptide cocktail. In T-cell assays with this peptide cocktail, infected animals were identified with frequencies similar to those obtained in assays with the protein cocktail, while BCG-vaccinated orM. avium-sensitized animals did not respond. In summary, our results suggest that peptide and protein cocktails can be designed to discriminate betweenM. bovisinfection and BCG vaccination.
Urinary Excretion of Thiol Compounds in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Rojkovich Bernadette , Nagy Eszter , Pröhle Tamás , Poór Gyula , Gergely Péter 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The objective of the present study was to assess the excretion of urinary thiol compounds in patients with active and inactive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Urinary thiol compounds were measured by the method of Kokonov (M. T. Kokonov, Lab. Delo 5:273–276, 1965) in 51 outpatients with active and inactive RA. Those with active disease had significantly higher levels of urinary thioamine excretion.
Detection of Borna Disease Virus-Reactive Antibodies from Patients with Psychiatric Disorders and from Horses by Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay
Authors: Yamaguchi Kazunari , Sawada Takashi , Naraki Tohru , Igata-Yi Ruriko , Shiraki Hiroshi , Horii Yoichiro , Ishii Toshinori , Ikeda Kazuhiko , Asou Norio , Okabe Hiroaki , Mochizuki Manabu , Takahashi Kazuo , Yamada Shogo , Kubo Kaori , Yashiki Shinji , Waltrip Royce W. , Carbone Kathryn M. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The prevalence of Borna disease virus (BDV)-specific antibodies among patients with psychiatric disorders and healthy individuals has varied in several reports using several different serological assay methods. A reliable and specific method for anti-BDV antibodies needs to be developed to clarify the pathological significance of BDV infections in humans. We developed a new electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) for the antibody to BDV that uses two recombinant proteins of BDV, p40 and p24 (full length). Using this ECLIA, we examined 3,476 serum samples from humans with various diseases and 917 sera from blood donors in Japan for the presence of anti-BDV antibodies. By ECLIA, 26 (3.08%) of 845 schizophrenia patients and 9 (3.59%) of 251 patients with mood disorders were seropositive for BDV. Among 323 patients with other psychiatric diseases, 114 with neurological diseases, 75 with chronic fatigue syndrome, 85 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, 50 with autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosis and 17 with leprosy, there was no positive case except one case each with alcohol addiction, AIDS, and dementia. Although 19 (1.36%) of 1,393 patients with various ocular diseases, 10 (1.09%) of 917 blood donors, and 3 (4.55%) of 66 multitransfused patients were seropositive for BDV-specific antigen, high levels of seroprevalence in schizophrenia patients and young patients (16 to 59 years old) with mood disorders were statistically significant. The immunoreactivity of seropositive sera could be verified for specificity by blocking with soluble p40 and/or p24 recombinant protein. Anti-p24 antibody was more frequent than p40 antibody in most cases, and in some psychotic patients antibody profiles showed only p40 antibody. Although serum positive for both p40 and p24 antibodies was not found in this study, the p40 ECLIA count in schizophrenia patients was higher than that of blood donors. Furthermore, we examined 90 sera from Japanese feral horses. Antibody profiles of control human samples are similar to that of naturally BDV-infected feral horses. We concluded that BDV infection was associated in some way with psychiatric disorders.
Cell Culture of Sporadic Hepatitis E Virus in China
Authors: Huang Rutong , Li Derong , Wei Shaojing , Li Qinghong , Yuan Xitong , Geng Liqing , Li Xiaoyu , Liu Minxia 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
The isolation and identification of the 87A strain of epidemic hepatitis E virus (HEV) by means of cell culturing have been described previously. This paper reports the successful isolation of a sporadic HEV strain (G93-2) in human lung carcinoma cell (A549) cultures. The etiology, molecular and biological properties, and serological relationship of this new strain to other, epidemic HEV strains are described. The propagation of both sporadic and epidemic HEV strains in a cell culture system will facilitate vaccine research.
Hepatitis B Virus DNA in Blood Samples Positive for Antibodies to Core Antigen and Negative for Surface Antigen
Authors: Gutiérrez C. , León G. , Loureiro C. L. , Uzcátegui N. , Liprandi F. , Pujol F. H. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Anti-hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg)-positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative plasma samples from blood donors were tested by nested PCR. DNA positivity was more significantly associated with high levels of anti-HBcAg than with low levels of anti-HBsAg antibodies. Analysis of a dilution of anti-HBcAg antibodies might result in a more rational exclusion of anti-HBcAg-positive HBsAg-negative samples, reducing the number of donations discarded and enabling more countries to incorporate anti-HBcAg testing.
Antibody to Human Endogenous Retrovirus Peptide in Urine of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Positive Patients
Authors: Stevens Roy W. , Baltch Aldona L. , Smith Raymond P. , McCreedy Bruce J. , Michelsen Phyllis B. , Bopp Lawrence H. , Urnovitz Howard B. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT
Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV)-like sequences are normal inherited elements that constitute several hundredths of the human genome. The expression of genes located within these elements can occur as a consequence of several different events, including persistent inflammation or genotoxic events. Antibodies to endogenous retroviral gene products have been found in a number of infectious, chronic, and malignant diseases, suggesting a role in disease initiation and progression. We studied human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients for evidence of urine antibody to a HERV peptide and investigated correlates with clinical and laboratory parameters. Forty-three HIV-1-infected patients in documented asymptomatic, symptomatic, or AIDS stages of disease and 21 age- and gender-matched, uninfected controls were tested for antibody to HERV-related peptide 4.1. Urine specimens were examined in a blinded fashion with the Calypte Biomedical Corp. experimental enzyme immunoassay for antibody to peptide 4.1. Results were compared with demographic data, medical history, clinical state of disease, and results of other laboratory tests. Thirty-six percent of the asymptomatic (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] category A) and 81.3% of both the symptomatic (CDC category B) and AIDS (CDC category C) patients were positive for antibody to HERV-related peptide 4.1. None of the controls were positive. In this study, antibodies to HERV-related peptide 4.1 were found more frequently in patients with advanced stages (categories B and C) of HIV-1 disease than in those patients with an earlier stage (category A) of HIV disease. In HIV patients, severe immunosuppression, defined as having had at least one opportunistic infection, correlated with the expression of antibody to a HERV-related peptide.
Cloning and Expression of a DNA Sequence Encoding a 41-Kilodalton
Cryptosporidium parvum
Oocyst Wall Protein
Authors: Jenkins Mark C. , Trout Jim , Murphy Charles , Harp James A. , Higgins Jim , Wergin William , Fayer Ron 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to produce a recombinant species-specific oocyst wall protein of
Cryptosporidium parvum
. Antigens unique to
C. parvum
were identified by gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of oocyst proteins from several different
Cryptosporidium
species. Antiserum was then prepared against a 41-kDa antigen unique to
C. parvum
and used to identify a recombinant DNA clone, designated rCP41. Expression of CP41 mRNA in
C. parvum
oocysts was confirmed by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Although the CP41 sequence was shown by PCR to be present in the genome of
C. baileyi
, CP41 mRNA was not detected in this species by RT-PCR. Immunofluorescence staining with antiserum against recombinant CP41 detected native CP41 antigen on the surface of
C. parvum
oocysts but failed to detect CP41 on
C. baileyi
oocysts. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated that native CP41 was distributed unevenly on the
C. parvum
oocyst surface and was associated with amorphous oocyst wall material. In an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, purified rCP41 performed as well as native
C. parvum
oocyst protein in measuring the serological responses of young calves and adult cows to experimental and natural
C. parvum
infections. These results indicate that recombinant CP41 antigen may have potential in the immunodiagnosis of cryptosporidiosis.