bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
USE OF DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS TO OPTIMISE THE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF CONSUMER PRODUCTS: A CASE STUDY OF SHOWERS AND TAPWARE IN NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Horrell M. , Shekar A. , McLaren S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEco-tools and techniques often lack guidance and a robust methodology for improving the environmental performance of products with an active use phase. A case study was undertaken to investigate the role of Design of Experiments (DoE) in providing insights to improve the environmental performance of two product categories with active use phases: showers and tapware. The results show how varying the components can reduce energy use and demonstrated how DoE can be used as an objective method for optimising a products environmental performance when user behaviour can influence the results.
ARE ECO-DESIGN STRATEGIES IMPLEMENTED IN PRODUCTS? A STUDY ON THE AGREEMENT LEVEL OF INDEPENDENT OBSERVERS
Authors: Maccioni L. , Borgianni Y. , Pigosso D. C. A. , McAloone T. C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEco-Design Strategies lead to both enhanced environmental sustainability and product differentiation, which, however, takes place only if observers recognize and value these advantages. To study this aspect, a sample of 40 product pictures has been administered to 12 subjects with experience in eco-design. They were asked to evaluate whether one or more Eco-Design Strategies (in Vezzoli and Manzini's version) were implemented in each depicted product. The outcome of the evaluation was an overall fair agreement. Useful information for eco-design is inferred from nuances of the results.
THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSIDERING FLEET SIZE IN THE LIFECYCLE COST ANALYSIS OF PRODUCT SERVICE SYSTEMS
Authors: Schneider J. A. , Gatzen M. M. , Lachmayer R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe use of product-service systems business models is increasing in today's economy. Because the products that provide the service to the customers incur cost during their lifetime, the method of lifecycle costing finds wide-spread use. However, this paper shows the current methods have some inaccuracies when determining lifecycle costs. The methods do not consider the required number of products necessary to provide the offered service to the customers. This paper describes a new framework for lifecycle costing that includes these cost components.
MODEL-BASED PRODUCT CONFIGURATION OF HIGH VARIETY PRODUCT PORTFOLIOS
Authors: Wyrwich C. , Jacobs G. , Siebrecht J. , Konrad C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFacing a rising competitive pressure, manufactures create advantages when they are able to offer customer-specific products to the conditions of a mass production article. Traditional configurators support the creation of personalized products from the elements of a modular product system, but are based on a pre-defined set of rules. The model based approach changes the environment of configuration from static configuration rules to the dependencies defined within the product's system model. So, by regarding target quantities of the user, the configurator identifies the optimal variant.
THREE WAYS OF INTEGRATING COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN AND KNOWLEDGE-BASED ENGINEERING
Authors: Gembarski P. C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractKnowledge-based engineering (KBE) systems allow an easy adaption of designed artefacts to new functional or design requirements and automating routine design tasks. In the following article the author wants to focus on the three main concepts of linking CAD and KBE and answer the research questions (1) in which way is integration, embedding and coupling of KBE to a standard CAD system like Autodesk Inventor available and (2) how can the single approaches be compared in terms of modelling effort, user competences and system performance.
PACKAGING RADAR: A PRELIMINARY REFERENCE FOR PACKAGING DESIGN IN A SYSTEMIC AND COMPLEX CONTEXT
Authors: Sastre R. M. , de Paula I. C. , Zeni C. F. , Echeveste M. E. S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aims to generate a referential basis on which the designer can reflect about and explore scenarios during the structural and graphic packaging projects. “Packing Radar (RE)” has been compiled over years of research as it is spread across different sources and areas of expertise. This qualitative research uses content analysis and expert's opinions. The (RE) proposition shows its potential for improvement and diagnosis of sustainable packaging projects, of teaching activities and packaging professionals graduation.
ROBUST DESIGN FOR IOT – ON THE RELEVANCE OF MECHANICAL DESIGN FOR ROBUST SENSOR INTEGRATION IN CONNECTED DEVICESH.
Authors: Juul-Nyholm H. B. , Eifler T. , Ebro M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe terms IoT and Industry 4.0 are promising increasingly sophisticated solutions, but the realisation will depend on the inclusion of robust and reliable sensors. If the gathered data is flawed or inaccurate the performance of the whole system will be compromised. By reviewing research on robustness indicators, mechatronics and sensor properties as well as listing mechanical noise factors and providing an electromechanical trade-off example, the paper highlights the importance of considering both mechanical and electrical noise factors and robustness in early development of connected devices.
ARCHITECTING COMPLEX ENGINEERED SYSTEMS
Authors: Sellgren U. , Williamsson D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNovel products are commonly realized by integrating heterogeneous technologies. Product architecting focus on defining the scheme by which the product functions are allocated to physical components. A DSM-based clustering method that integrates technical complexity and strategic concerns has previously been proposed. It has been shown that interaction weights in the DSM may affect the clustering result. A complexity-based interaction strength model to be used in DSM clustering is proposed here. The case study gives promising results from both interaction performance and safety points of view.
COMPUTATIONAL CONCEPTUAL DISTANCES IN COMBINATIONAL CREATIVITY
Authors: Han J. , Hua M. , Park D. , Wang P. , Childs P. R. N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCombinational creativity can play a significant role in supporting designers to produce creative ideas during the early stages of new product development. This paper explores conceptual distances in combinational creativity from computational perspectives. A study conducted indicates that different computational measurements show different conceptual distance results. However, the study suggests far-related ideas could lead to outcomes that are more creative than closely-related ones. This paper provides useful insights into exploring future computational design support tools.
METHOD FOR 3D-ENVIRONMENT DRIVEN DOMAIN KNOWLEDGE ELICITATION AND SYSTEM MODEL GENERATION
Authors: Japs S. , Kaiser L. , Kharatyan A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe development of cyber-physical systems requires close cooperation between stakeholders from different disciplines. Model-based systems engineering support this by the design of a system model. Non-identified domain knowledge by the stakeholders is a challenge when creating the system model. The CONSENS 3D-Modeling Method supports the domain-independent elicitation of domain knowledge using a 3D environment and enables the derivation of a SysML system model. We applyed the method by implementing a prototype, called 3D Engineer, to an application example from the automotive industry.
A DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH FOR CREATIVE CONCEPT GENERATION AND EVALUATION
Authors: Han J. , Forbes H. , Shi F. , Hao J. , Schaefer D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConceptual design, as an early phase of the design process, is known to have the highest impact on determining the innovation level of design results. Although many tools exist to support designers in conceptual design, additional knowledge, especially knowledge related to emerging technologies, is still often needed. In this paper the authors aim to propose a data-driven creative concept generation and evaluation approach to support designers in incorporating emerging technologies in the new product early development stage. The approach is demonstrated by means of an illustrated example.
DESIGNING FOR SCIENCE CENTER EXHIBITIONS – A CLASSIFICATION FRAMEWORK FOR THE INTERACTION
Authors: Wideström J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile designing and discussing exhibitions in science centers, common conceptual framework is needed. This paper provides a framework based on participation, virtuality, and collaboration, and two models - a Rubik's cube model and a Scatter plot space. They are suitable tools for analysis and overview of existing and planned exhibitions, as well as for conceptual analysis during the design process. The classification and the models for the interaction have been developed in a research by design process, where 45 prototypes have been designed, exhibited and tested.
SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICE ROBOTS
Authors: Kohl J. L. , van der Schoor M. J. , Syré A. M. , Göhlich D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe introduce the concept of social sustainability, intertwined with ecological and economic aspects, to the field of service robots and comparable automation technology. It takes a first step towards a comprehensive guideline that operationalizes and applies social sustainability. By applying this guideline to the project MURMEL we offer a concept that collects and rates social key issues to visualize their individual importance. Social sustainability is an important and often overlooked aspect of sustainable technology development which should be considered in the early development phase.
EXAMINING THE TENSION CHORDING PRINCIPLE FOR A BEAM UNDER TORSION LOAD
Authors: Uttich E. S. , Bartz M. , Bender B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTension chording is a lightweight design principle in the human motion system. More muscles than necessary are available in this system to generate motion. By using these redundant muscles the principle contributes to the lightweight design of the motion segments. The lightweight design benefits of the principle for technical structures loaded with bending torques were shown in prior studies. This paper presents a pilot study on lightweight design benefits of using tension chording for torsion loaded structures.
AN EXPLORATIVE STUDY TOWARDS USING VR SKETCHING AS A TOOL FOR IDEATION AND PROTOTYPING IN PRODUCT DESIGN
Authors: Joundi J. , Christiaens Y. , Saldien J. , Conradie P. , De Marez L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe advancements in the field of VR allow designers to use VR as a technology for sketching ideas in a virtual space. In this paper, Gravity Sketch (a VR sketching software) is used as an ideation sketching tool in the process of product styling. The goal of this research is to examine the advantages and points-of-pain when using virtual reality tools in the process of product styling. 29 Master students used the VR sketching tool in their design process and all of them had feedback and insights on the tool.
DEVELOPMENT OF A POTENTIAL MODEL TO SUPPORT THE ASSESSMENT AND INTRODUCTION OF INDUSTRY 4.0 TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Schneider D. , Huth T. , Vietor T. , Schumacher P. , Weckenborg C. , Spengler T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs digitalisation progresses, the demands placed on companies are increasing at all stages of the product generation process. In order to address these requirements and maintain economic strength, companies must implement innovative and intelligent technologies. Small and medium-sized enterprises in particular are confronted with various obstacles, the overcoming of which is addressed by the “Potential Model” presented in this publication.
INITIAL INTEGRAL PRODUCT AND ASSEMBLY STRUCTURING: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Küchenhof J. , Krause D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractModular product structuring has been proven an effective way to satisfy a high sales variety with low internal product and process complexity but is usually carried out on existing structures. To support the modular new product development, this contribution shows the initial structuring of integrated product and assembly structures based on a variance-oriented product structure. With help of a perspective-based modularization approach, consolidating the product life phases of procurement, assembly and sales, modular product and process structures are developed within an industry case study.
A MODEL OF THE INNOVATIVE PURPOSE FOR RESPONSIBLE INNOVATION: TOWARDS DESIGN-BASED CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Authors: Lévêque J. , Levillain K. , Segrestin B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEvolutions in corporate law recently introduced an optional commitment mechanism in the corporate contract: a purpose. Its writing is a pivotal but is yet puzzling from a design perspective. Especially it raises questions about how that could help shaping a responsible governance model for innovation. Our paper builds on an extended-decision framework to propose a formal model of how a stated-purpose shapes the decision situation. Our results highlight several purpose formulation strategies and finally a typology regarding how robustness to changes is embedded in the process is proposed.
USING A CROSS-DOMAIN PRODUCT MODEL TO SUPPORT ENGINEERING CHANGE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Wilms R. , Kronsbein P. , Inkermann D. , Huth T. , Reik M. , Vietor T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEngineering changes (ECs) and engineering change management (ECM) are crucial for successful product design processes (PDP). Due to the increasing complexity of today's products (like vehicles) and the interaction of different engineering domains (mechanics, electric/electronics, software) involved in the PDP, cross-domain EC impact assessments as well as processes are required. To better support engineers in assessing change propagation across domains and products, existing approaches for ECM product models are analyzed in this paper and an enhanced product model is derived using MBSE.
CLOSING THE HUMAN-MACHINE DISCONNECT: DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR TWO EXTREME COMPANIONS FOR FUTURE AUTONOMOUS MOBILITY
Authors: Kong P. , Cornet H. , Frenkler F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn an era of increased automation in commuters’ everyday life, addressing the disconnect caused by taking the human out of the loop is critical. This paper describes the development of two extreme Companions for a public autonomous bus interface in Singapore. Attributes were identified in a benchmarking study and tested in a survey to investigate local users’ key preferences for must-have and ideal-to-have traits and Companion qualities. Finally, two contrasting Companion concepts are proposed and design strategies considering user expectations of Companions versus humans are discussed.
Addressing sustainable development goals for confronting climate change: Insights and summary solutions in the stress stupidity system
Authors: Sheppard Jerry Paul , Young Jesse 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe employ the concept of stupidity to address why more has not been done to address climate change and sustainable development. While the ‘new’ science of stupid has long existed in organizational studies, academicians have been too polite to call it that and organizational researchers historically labeled it the ‘threat-rigidity effect.’ With Alvesson and Spicer’s ‘stupidity-based theory of organizations’ management researchers overcame this reluctance. In this work we explore what we will call the ‘stress-stupidity system.’ Building on the threat-rigidity effect, we outline the elements of the stress-stupidity system and look at how we may be able to ‘fix stupid’ to address issues of sustainability.
Ice-marginal lake hydrology and the seasonal dynamical evolution of Kennicott Glacier, Alaska
Authors: Armstrong William H. , Anderson Robert S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGlacier basal motion is responsible for the majority of ice flux on fast-flowing glaciers, enables rapid changes in glacier motion and provides the means by which glaciers shape alpine landscapes. In an effort to enhance our understanding of basal motion, we investigate the evolution of glacier velocity and ice-marginal lake stage on Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, during the spring–summer transition, a time when subglacial drainage is undergoing rapid change. A complicated record of > 50 m fill-and-drain sequences on a hydraulically-connected ice-marginal lake likely reflects the punctuated establishment of efficient subglacial drainage as the melt season begins. The rate of change of lake stage generally correlates with diurnal velocity maxima, both in timing and magnitude. At the seasonal scale, the up-glacier progression of enhanced summer basal motion promotes uniformity of daily glacier velocity fluctuations throughout the 10 km study reach, and results in diurnal velocity patterns suggesting increasingly efficient meltwater delivery to and drainage from the subglacial channel system. Our findings suggest the potential of using an ice-marginal lake as a proxy for subglacial water pressure, and show how widespread basal motion affects bulk glacier behavior.
Unilateral permission and prescriptive acquisition: a Scottish perspective
Authors: Anderson Craig 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is common for a legal system to allow a person, in certain circumstances, to gain ownership of land by possessing it for a period of time. This is certainly true of both Scotland and England, although what is precisely required for possession to be established may differ on particular points between the two. One point on which the two may differ is the effect of a unilateral permission to occupy that is given to someone currently occupying the land without any right to be there. This point has most recently been considered from the point of view of English law in Smith v Molyneaux [2016] UKPC 35, [2017] 1 P & CR 7. In this paper, that case and the issues it raises are considered from the point of view of Scots law. It is found that this point raises more general questions about the nature of the mental element of possession, the state of mind with which one must occupy the property in order to be considered a possessor.
Calibration database for the Murchison Widefield Array All-Sky Virtual Observatory
Authors: Sokolowski Marcin , Jordan Christopher H. , Sleap Gregory , Williams Andrew , Wayth Randall Bruce , Walker Mia , Pallot David , Offringa Andre , Hurley-Walker Natasha , Franzen Thomas M. O. , Johnston-Hollitt Melanie , Kaplan David L. , Kenney David , Tingay Steven J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present a calibration component for the Murchison Widefield Array All-Sky Virtual Observatory (MWA ASVO) utilising a newly developedPostgreSQLdatabase of calibration solutions. Since its inauguration in 2013, the MWA has recorded over 34 petabytes of data archived at the Pawsey Supercomputing Centre. According to the MWA Data Access policy, data become publicly available 18 months after collection. Therefore, most of the archival data are now available to the public. Access to public data was provided in 2017 via the MWA ASVO interface, which allowed researchers worldwide to download MWA uncalibrated data in standard radio astronomy data formats (CASA measurement sets or UV FITS files). The addition of the MWA ASVO calibration feature opens a new, powerful avenue for researchers without a detailed knowledge of the MWA telescope and data processing to download calibrated visibility data and create images using standard radio astronomy software packages. In order to populate the database with calibration solutions from the last 6 yr we developed fully automated pipelines. A near-real-time pipeline has been used to process new calibration observations as soon as they are collected and upload calibration solutions to the database, which enables monitoring of the interferometric performance of the telescope. Based on this database, we present an analysis of the stability of the MWA calibration solutions over long time intervals.
Predicting the naturalistic course in anxiety disorders using clinical and biological markers: a machine learning approach
Authors: Bokma Wicher A. , Zhutovsky Paul , Giltay Erik J. , Schoevers Robert A. , Penninx Brenda W.J.H. , van Balkom Anton L.J.M. , Batelaan Neeltje M. , van Wingen Guido A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDisease trajectories of patients with anxiety disorders are highly diverse and approximately 60% remain chronically ill. The ability to predict disease course in individual patients would enable personalized management of these patients. This study aimed to predict recovery from anxiety disorders within 2 years applying a machine learning approach.MethodsIn total, 887 patients with anxiety disorders (panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, or social phobia) were selected from a naturalistic cohort study. A wide array of baseline predictors (N = 569) from five domains (clinical, psychological, sociodemographic, biological, lifestyle) were used to predict recovery from anxiety disorders and recovery from all common mental disorders (CMDs: anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, dysthymia, or alcohol dependency) at 2-year follow-up using random forest classifiers (RFCs).ResultsAt follow-up, 484 patients (54.6%) had recovered from anxiety disorders. RFCs achieved a cross-validated area-under-the-receiving-operator-characteristic-curve (AUC) of 0.67 when using the combination of all predictor domains (sensitivity: 62.0%, specificity 62.8%) for predicting recovery from anxiety disorders. Classification of recovery from CMDs yielded an AUC of 0.70 (sensitivity: 64.6%, specificity: 62.3%) when using all domains. In both cases, the clinical domain alone provided comparable performances. Feature analysis showed that prediction of recovery from anxiety disorders was primarily driven by anxiety features, whereas recovery from CMDs was primarily driven by depression features.ConclusionsThe current study showed moderate performance in predicting recovery from anxiety disorders over a 2-year follow-up for individual patients and indicates that anxiety features are most indicative for anxiety improvement and depression features for improvement in general.
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation and current restricted food expenditures: implications for policy
Authors: Leschewski Andrea , Kuhns Annemarie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjective:National concerns over food insecurity and obesity have prompted legislation seeking to further restrict Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) purchases. The objective of this study is to provide insight on the potential impact of proposed purchase restrictions by comparing SNAP participant and income-eligible non-participants’ expenditures on current SNAP-restricted foods, that is, hot foods, prepared foods, alcohol, vitamins and meal supplements.Design:Cross-sectional study. Bivariate analysis and multivariable regression analysis with an instrumental variables approach were employed to compare the probability of purchasing and expenditures on current SNAP-restricted foods among SNAP participants and income-eligible non-participants.Setting:National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey, 2012–2013.Participants:2513 households, of which 1316 were SNAP participants and 1197 were income-eligible non-participants.Results:Both the share of households purchasing and household expenditures on current SNAP-restricted foods were similar among SNAP participants and income-eligible non-participants.Conclusions:Results provide further empirical evidence that proposed SNAP purchase restrictions on sugar-sweetened beverages, snack foods and luxury foods are unlikely to have a meaningful effect on SNAP household food purchases.