bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of intensive nutrition training, education and support versus standard therapy in reducing the need for insulin therapy in gestational diabetes (INTENSE-GDM): a protocol for a randomised controlled single-centre trial in Denmark
Authors: Ewers Bettina , Blond Martin B , Kelstrup Louise , Foghsgaard Signe , Bergholt Thomas , Hansen Marianne J , Storgaard Heidi , Holmager Pernille , Mathiesen Elisabeth R 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses health risks due to hyperglycaemia, which can lead to clinical complications for mother and child. While dietary therapy serves as first-line treatment, approximately one-third of women with GDM require insulin to obtain glycaemic control. However, insulin therapy amplifies hospital care expenses and personal burdens. Intensive nutrition education, training and support may improve dietary intake leading to glycaemic control and reducing the need for insulin therapy. This study investigates the effectiveness of intensified dietary therapy versus standard dietary therapy in reducing the need for insulin and consequently lowering hospital care costs among women with GDM at high risk of requiring insulin therapy. Responses to the dietary interventions will also be examined within ethnic subgroups.Methods and analysisThis study is a randomised controlled parallel-group trial involving women with GDM randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive either intensive dietary therapy (intensive group) or standard dietary therapy with only one educational consultation (control group). The educational content of the first consultation is according to routine care and similar in both groups. The intensive group receives two additional dietitian consultations and two additional consultations on request to facilitate training and support in addition to education. Assessments are conducted at baseline and 2–3 weeks before planned delivery, with additional data gathered from medical records. The primary outcome is the difference in the proportion of women requiring insulin therapy. Maternal outcomes, neonatal outcomes, patient-reported outcomes, health behaviour and cost-saving aspects of hospital care will also be assessed. Recruitment began in January 2024 and ends in December 2025, with a target enrolment of 214 women.Ethics and disseminationThe study received approval from the Ethics Committee of the Capital Region of Denmark (H-23055674). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, and detailed presentations to key stakeholders.Trial registration numberNCT06127823.
Scoping review protocol of interventions for the mental health of women with and without HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Banda Lucas , Mokgatle Mathildah Mpata , Oladimeji Olanrewaju 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionMental health issues among women in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), especially those living with HIV, pose a major public health challenge. Despite the established connections between HIV status and mental health outcomes, there is a noticeable absence of targeted interventions for this group within the literature. Many studies tend to focus on broad mental health concerns without addressing the specific needs of women with HIV, or they neglect to incorporate mental health elements into current HIV-related programmes. This scoping review aims to gather and analyse the existing research on interventions designed to improve the mental health of women in SSA, both with and without HIV. It will identify barriers preventing this population from accessing mental healthcare, highlight important gaps in the current literature and suggest directions for future research.Methods and analysisTo conduct this scoping review, the researcher will adhere to the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. The literature search will span several databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and PsychInfo, to ensure a comprehensive collection of relevant studies. The selection process will involve two stages: two independent reviewers will initially screen titles for eligibility and a full-text review of the selected articles. A specially designed tool will be used for data extraction, focusing on minimising bias and accurately capturing study details. The final selection of studies will be analysed using a standardised tool to comprehensively assess all bibliographic information and study characteristics. The planned study dates for the review will be January to March 2025.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required as the review will draw on publicly available publications and materials. The study’s conclusions will be subject to peer review and published in a scientific journal, with the abstract shared at local and international conferences. Key findings will be disseminated to health ministries, community-based organisations focused on women’s mental health and HIV, and policymakers to inform policy decisions regarding mental health interventions for women in SSA.
Mechanisms and attitudes in responsive healthcare for forced migrant communities: a qualitative study of transnational practice
Authors: Robinson Amy Rebecca , Khan Ziaur Rahman A , Broadhurst Kofi Amy , Nellums Laura B , Renolds Gisela , Faiq Bayan , Smith Andrew 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesTo understand the opportunities and practices that can support responsive healthcare for forced migrant communities.DesignA qualitative study of five transnational case examples of services actively working to improve access and experiences of care for forced migrant communities, which is one strand of the MORRA Study.SettingFive services (Australia, Belgium, UK) providing a range of care (primary care, health advocacy, education and support, holistic health screening, care planning/coordination, transcultural mental healthcare). Delivered through state and not-for-profit structures in initial and contingency accommodation sites, health clinics and community spaces. Data collection took place between July and October 2022.Participants47 participants including forced migrants using or having used one of the five services, service leads, clinical and non-clinical workers (paid and volunteer), interpreters and service partners. Services supported recruitment of a crude representative sample of worker roles and service users/clients. Participants were required to speak one of nine languages for which we had translated study materials.Main outcome measuresExperiences, practices, knowledges, skills and attributes of workers; experiences of forced migrants engaging in services.ResultsServices showed a willingness to innovate and work outside existing practice and organisational structures, including a ‘microflexibility’ in their interactions with patients, and through the creation of safe spaces that encouraged trust in providers. Other positive behaviours included engaging in intercultural exchange; facilitating the connection of people with their cultural sphere (eg, nationality, language) and a reflexive attitude to the individual and their broader circumstances. Social and political structures can diminish these efforts.ConclusionsEnvironments that enable good health and support forced migrants to live lives of meaning are vital components of responsive care. This requires flexibility and reflexivity in practice, intercultural exchange, humility, and a commitment to communication. A broader range of caring practitioners can, and should, through intentional and interconnected communities of care, contribute to the healthcare of forced migrants. Opening up healthcare systems to include other state actors such as teachers and settlement workers and a range of non-state actors that should include community leaders and peers and private players is a key step in this process. Future work should focus on the health and health service implications of immigration practices; the inclusion of peers in a range of healthcare roles; alliance-building across unlikely collaborators and the embedding of intercultural exchange in practice.
Work motivation and job satisfaction among local government health workers in Chitwan, Nepal: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Poudel Sunita , Kaphle Hari Prasad , Parajuli Sagar , Poudel Arjun 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionThe health workforce is a crucial component of the WHO Health System Framework and is vital for sustainable, high-quality service delivery. Job satisfaction and motivation are key factors influencing the retention and performance of health workers. This study aimed to assess job satisfaction and its associated factors among health workers working under the local government in the Chitwan District, focusing on sociodemographics, job characteristics and work motivation.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 219 health workers from 46 health facilities in the Chitwan district using a multistage sampling technique to include workers from various facility types and municipalities. Data were collected using a pretested, self-administered structured questionnaire and analysed with Statistical Product for Service Solutions V.22. Univariate, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsThe study found that 76.3% of participants were satisfied with their jobs. Opportunities for advancement (adjusted OR (AOR): 3.61, 95% CI: 1.35 to 9.66), nature of work (AOR: 3.54, 95% CI: 1.16 to 10.84) and supportive supervision (AOR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.25 to 10.27) were significantly associated with higher job satisfaction.ConclusionOver three-quarters of health workers under local government were satisfied with their jobs. The study emphasises the significance of promoting supportive work environments, providing effective supervision and offering career development opportunities to enhance job satisfaction among health workers.
Estimated sodium intake and premature ventricular complexes: data from the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study
Authors: Economou Lundeberg Johan , Wuopio Jonas , Mente Andrew , Måneheim Alexandra , Okrajni Magdalena , Healey Jeffrey S , Sundström Johan , Ärnlöv Johan , Engström Gunnar , Johnson Linda S B 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundPremature ventricular complexes (PVCs) predict coronary heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation and death, all of which are also related to sodium intake. We studied estimated sodium intake and PVC frequency in the randomly selected population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study cohort.MethodsIn our cross-sectional study, we included 5636 individuals with 24-hour ECG registration and fasting morning urine sampling. Sodium intake was estimated using the Kawasaki formula, and the association between sodium intake and PVC frequency was modelled using multivariable negative binomial regression, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, level of education, height, physical activity and smoking status, across prespecified strata of sodium intake: <2 g/day, 2–2.99 g/day, 3–3.99 g/day (reference category), 4–4.99 g/day and ≥5 g/day.ResultsThe median age was 57.6 years, and 51.9% were female. The median daily PVC count was 8 (IQR 3–41); 5.9% had ≥500 PVCs/24 hours. The mean estimated sodium intake was 3.3 g/day. There was a U-shaped association between sodium intake and PVCs. Compared with the reference of 3–3.99 g/day (28% of participants), sodium intakes <2 g/day (15% of participants) and ≥5 g/day (10% of participants) were associated with 26% (95% CI 6% to 49%) and 52% (95% CI 26% to 84%, p<0.01) increases in PVC frequency, respectively, but intakes of 2–2.99 g/day and 4–4.99 g/day were not (5% (95% CI −8% to 20%) and 4% (95% CI −11% to 22%) increase, respectively).ConclusionThere was a U-shaped association between sodium intake and PVC frequency, with both low and high sodium intake associated with higher PVC frequency.
Tumor Cell Plasticity and Stromal Microenvironment Distinguish Papillary and Follicular Growth Patterns in a Mouse Model of BRAFV600E-induced Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Schoultz Elin , Moccia Carmen , Liang Shawn , Johansson Ellen , Nilsson Mikael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Differentiated thyroid cancer primarily classified by tumor histology comprises follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), which represent distinct malignancies regarding pattern of tumor spreading, responsiveness to radioiodine treatment and clinical outcome. As FTC and PTC also differ genetically i.e. RAS mutations predominate in FTC whereas mutant BRAF is much more frequent in PTC, it is assumed although yet unproven that the archetypical tumor growth pattern – follicular versus papillary – depends on mutation identity and potentially the graded signaling output of the MAPK pathway that differs in response to constitutive activation by RAS or BRAF. Here we show by clonal tracing in mice carrying a Braf mutant allele with targeted expression of BRAFV600E exclusively in the thyroid gland that sporadically developed tumors either adopt a follicular or a papillary phenotype depending on follicle origin. Moreover, a single tumor clone may transit from papillary to follicular growth associated with asymmetric distribution of stromal tissue in the immediate vicinity of the tumor. Key to these observations is monitoring progeny of cells undergoing spontaneous recombination of both BrafCA and the reporter gene due to Cre leakage which, in contrast to after induced oncogene activation comprising all target cells, implies that tumors develop stochastically and asynchronously originating from a limited number of BRAF mutant cells and taking place within a preserved thyroid tissue microenvironment. The results suggests that the natural heterogeneity of follicles and tumor cell plasticity modify BRAFV600E-induced neoplastic growth leading to divergent tumor histogenesis.
A simple model of the tropical cyclone boundary layer at landfall
Authors: Kepert Jeffrey D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As a tropical cyclone approaches landfall, it progressively experiences asymmetric friction that directly modifies the boundary-layer flow, since the land surface is rougher than the sea. An idealised model of the boundary layer flow within a stationary cyclone, located exactly on the coast, is presented. This model is linearised and utilises simple representations of the turbulent fluxes. These simplifications enable analytical solutions, which represent the flow as the sum of three components: a symmetric component and two asymmetric components of azimuthal wave-number one, which rotate with height. The stronger asymmetric component rotates anticyclonically with height, and the weaker one cyclonically. The solution is thereby similar to that for a moving cyclone over sea, except that (i) the symmetric component has larger amplitude, because the azimuthal-mean surface roughness is greater, and (ii) the amplitudes and phases of the asymmetric components are different because of the different surface boundary condition. The linear solutions are compared to simulations using a nonlinear model with more sophisticated representations of the turbulent fluxes, and it is shown how to extract the two asymmetric components from the flow in this latter model. This study complements the analysis of the observed wind asymmetry in Tropical Cyclone Veronica in a companion paper.
Addressing severe alcohol withdrawal with bromocriptine: A case series
Authors: Chattopadhyay Sayantan , Basak Ayan , Mukherjee Sukriti 
Published: February 2025

Objective Alcohol withdrawal syndrome poses a significant health burden worldwide, with its prevalence steadily rising in countries like India due to high rates of alcohol use disorders. The treatment landscape for alcohol withdrawal syndrome is evolving with the introduction of bromocriptine offering a promising adjunctive treatment for patients resistant to standard benzodiazepine therapy. Methods We report two cases from India of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome successfully treated with bromocriptine. Results There were clinically significant improvements in both patients with regard to Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms in a relatively short time span. Conclusions Bromocriptine represents an addition to the therapeutic options for alcohol withdrawal syndrome management, offering symptom relief, improving clinical outcomes, and addressing the neuropsychiatric burden associated with the condition.
ESCO1 as a novel predictive biomarker and potential therapeutic target in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Teng Yang , Li Sixiu , Zhang Zhifang , Wang Weinan , Yuan Xueli , Li Jianye , Zhang Shiying , Cui Yanhong 
Published: February 2025

Background: Establishment of sister chromatid cohesion N-acetyltransferase 1 (ESCO1) plays an important role in mitosis and is involved in tumor progression of human bladder and prostate cancer. However, its pathological effects on renal cell cancer (RCC) remain unknown. Here, we aimed to assess the impact of ESCO1 down-regulation in RCC cells and explore its role as potential prognosis biomarker for RCC. Methods: This is a retrospective study. Tumor samples from 263 RCC patients were collected, and survival data were analyzed to detect the relationship between ESCO1 expression and patient survival. For mechanistic exploration, the impact of silence ESCO1 on proliferation, migration and apoptosis were studied in ESCO1-knockdown RCC cells. Results: Significantly over-expression of ESCO1 was observed in renal tumor tissues. ESCO1 expression was related to the malignant degree and a high expression was associated with unfavorable prognosis in RCC patients. Moreover, down-regulation of ESCO1 attenuated cell proliferation and migration. The flow cytometry assay revealed that the knockdown of ESCO1 inhibited RCC cells from entering the G1 phase. Conclusions: The increased ESCO1 expression in renal tumor tissues might be a useful biomarker for prognosis of RCC patients. Knockdown of ESCO1 undermined proliferation, migration of renal cancer cells, and induced the apoptosis of renal cancer cells.
Depressive Symptoms and Epistemological Approaches: A Qualitative Study Among Psychiatrists: Symptômes dépressifs et approches épistémologiques : une étude qualitative auprès de psychiatres
Authors: Piaux Clémence , Bourquin Céline , Stiefel Friedrich 
Published: February 2025

Background The study aimed to investigate how psychiatrists handle the diagnosis and treatment of depression in the adult. Participants Psychiatrists ( N = 17) of the French-speaking Canton of Vaud (Switzerland), working in public institutions or in private sector (cabinets), having different theoretical backgrounds depending on their training (systemic, cognitive-behavioural or psychodynamic) and different duration of clinical experiences were included in the study. Methods A clinical vignette presenting a young man with depressive symptoms of moderate intensity having experienced multiples losses during the development and recent past was presented to the participants. Participants were invited to read the vignette and react (“thinking aloud”), followed by an invitation to elaborate on the diagnosis and treatment. Results A heterogeneous approach towards the diagnosis and treatment of depression was observed. Without a consensus regarding the diagnosis of depressions, two distinct ways to understand the clinical vignette emerged: one pathogenic, identifying the underlying causes of the depressive symptoms, and the other nosological, based on diagnostic criteria. Consequently, proposition for treatment also diverged ranging from psychotherapy, psychotropic medication, complementary and alternative treatments, and paramedical approaches such as ergo- and socio-therapy, at times leaving the choice up to the patient. Possible explanations for this diversity are a more or less strict adherence to diagnostic criteria used by the psychiatrists, be they ICD or DSM, the double training as psychiatrist and psychotherapist which is mandatory in Switzerland, a certain prudence regarding psychiatric diagnoses by fear of stigmatisation, attention to the therapeutic alliance or divergent views on the theoretical and conceptual understanding of depression. Conclusion The results of this study underline the importance to include the epistemology of psychiatric disorders in training to raise awareness and conscientization regarding the influence of epistemological aspects on attitudes and approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of depression and other psychiatric disorders.
Impact of doping vanadium pentoxide in poly (O-toluidine) on improving electrical conductivity and dielectric characteristics
Authors: Praveen H , Girish Chandran V 
Published: February 2025

Poly ( O-toluidine) (POT) doped with vanadium pentoxide (POT- nV2O5) nanocomposites have been synthesized by In – Situ chemical polymerization method for dielectric property and electrical conductivity. The POT has been added with V2O5 with various weight percentages, like 25, 50, and 75 wt%, respectively. These samples undergo structural, morphological, thermal, dielectric, and DC electrical conductivity analyses. From XRD data, the addition of V2O5 results in changes and crystallinity. FTIR spectrum conforms the presence of C = C stretching band of quinoid ring for poly ( O - toluidine) doped with 75 wt% (PV75) at 1651 cm−1, bands observed at 1105 cm−1, 1110 cm−1, 1194 cm−1, is attributes due to benzoid ring of POT. PV75 reveals hybridization of vanadium pentoxide in POT at 540 cm−1 due to improved crystallinity and more saturated bonds, POT doped with 50 wt% of vanadium pentoxide (PV50) and PV75 exhibit good thermal stability and residual mass. Particles in PV75 SEM images exhibit globular shape in cluster groups around the POT by homogenous nucleation. The dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity (σDC) increase with temperature and dopant weight percentage. Dielectric permittivity ranges from 1.85 F/m to 24.5 F/m and σDC starts from 0.58 × (10−5) S/cm to 2.21× (102) S/cm.
Relationships of PedsQL 4.0 generic core scales with other validated HRQoL instruments in braced idiopathic scoliosis patients: An age and curve severity-specific analysis
Authors: Chan Kai Chun Augustine , Chan Kai Him Ambrose , Wong See Laam , Cheung Jason Pui Yin , Cheung Prudence Wing Hang 
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study aims to investigate if the addition of PedsQL 4.0 generic core scales (PedsQL) with other validated instruments in day-to-day clinical context is feasible. Methods: Patients with idiopathic scoliosis who were undergoing brace treatment and aged 8–18 were asked to fill in the PedsQL 4.0 generic core scales, SRS-22r and EQ5D questionnaires at the spine specialist outpatient clinic and were followed up at 6 months by phone consultation. Questionnaire scores at baseline and follow-up were compared. Correlation of score changes of different questionnaires were tested. Results: A total of 232 patients (58 males, 174 females) were included. PedsQL school functioning scores and total scores at follow-up were lower than at baseline ( p < 0.001), with greatest reductions in school functioning domain (range: −2.8 ± 7.0 to −5.1 ± 3.6). For those aged 13–18 years, changes of PedsQL school functioning correlated with changes of SRS total score ( r = 0.20; p = 0.042). For patients with baseline major Cobb angle >30°, changes in PedsQL physical functioning correlated with SRS domain score changes in function ( r = 0.25; p = 0.017), pain ( r = 0.24; p = 0.021) and SRS total score ( r = 0.26; p = 0.016). Both changes in PedsQL school functioning ( r = 0.23; p = 0.032) and total score ( r = 0.22; p = 0.043) correlated with SRS total score changes. Conclusion: PedsQL was sensitive to changes of HRQoL together with SRS-22r and EQ-5D-Y-5L questionnaires. Changes in PedsQL scores were related to changes in SRS-22r scores in patients of 13–18 years with more severe curves (>30°). PedsQL is recommended to be used in conjunction with validated instruments like SRS-22r with its ability to assess changes of patient’s school functioning and overall HRQoL. The short-term nature of our study highlighted the need for future research with a larger cohort and longer duration to investigate long-term HRQoL outcomes assessed by individual questionnaires.