bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Over the Cuckoo’s Nest
Authors: Alexander Lauren , Kelly Louisa , Doody Eimear , Brady Shane , Roddy Darren , Counihan Eimear , Delaney Liam , McLoughlin Declan , Malone Kevin 
Published: March 2020

Objective
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for major depressive disorder, but some aspects remain controversial. Few studies have taken an in-depth mixed methods approach toward the study of attitudes, and there are no significant studies that explore the change of attitudes before and after treatment. The aim was to compare attitudes of patients and their relatives before and after ECT using quantitative and qualitative methods.

Methods
One hundred twenty-three participants were recruited. Forty-one patient/relative participants were recruited from 2 accredited ECT centers along with 82 age- and sex-matched general population controls. A validated 22-item survey about attitudes toward ECT was administered. Patient/relative participants completed the survey before treatment with ECT and engaged in a repeat survey and a semistructured interview 1 month after completion of ECT. Control participants completed the survey on a single occasion.

Results
Control versus pre-ECT surveys and pre-ECT versus post-ECT surveys both demonstrated statistically and clinically significant positive attitudinal differences (Cohen d = 1.37, P < 0.001; Cohen d = 1.2, P < 0.001). These differences were maintained for both the patient and relative pre/post subgroups (Cohen d = 1.15, P < 0.001; Cohen d = 1.33, P < 0.001). Qualitative analysis identified 13 attitudinal transitions in cognition, emotion, and imagery domains.

Conclusions
This is the first study to examine a change in attitudes toward ECT of patients, their relatives, and with controls using mixed methods. The findings suggest a 2-phase positive attitudinal change, in which accurate information (phase 1) and experiential learning (phase 2) are both key components. These findings address stigma through accurate knowledge and experiential learning, with a positive outcome through changed attitudes.
Channel modelling for indoor visible light communications
Authors: Miramirkhani Farshad , Uysal Murat 
Published: March 2020

Visible light communication (VLC) allows the dual use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for wireless communication purposes in addition to their primary purpose of illumination. As in any other communication system, realistic channel modelling is a key for VLC system design, analysis and testing. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of indoor VLC channel models. In order to set the background, we start with an overview of infrared (IR) channel modelling, which has received much attention in the past, and highlight the differences between visible and IR optical bands. In the light of these, we present a comparative discussion of existing VLC channel modelling studies and point out the relevant advantages and disadvantages. Then, we provide a detailed description of a site-specific channel modelling approach based on non-sequential ray tracing that precisely captures the optical propagation characteristics of a given indoor environment. We further present channel models for representative deployment scenarios developed through this approach that were adopted by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IEEE) as reference channel models. Finally, we consider mobile VLC scenarios and investigate the effect of receiver location and rotation for a mobile indoor user.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Optical wireless communication’.
Optimum resource allocation in optical wireless systems with energy-efficient fog and cloud architectures
Authors: Aletri Osama Zwaid , Alahmadi Amal A. , Saeed Sarah O. M. , Mohamed Sanaa Hamid , El-Gorashi T. E. H. , Alresheedi Mohammed T. , Elmirghani Jaafar M. H. 
Published: March 2020

Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a promising technology that can provide high data rates while supporting multiple users. The optical wireless (OW) physical layer has been researched extensively, however, less work was devoted to multiple access and how the OW front end is connected to the network. In this paper, an OWC system which employs a wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) scheme is studied, for the purpose of supporting multiple users. In addition, a cloud/fog architecture is proposed for the first time for OWC to provide processing capabilities. The cloud/fog-integrated architecture uses visible indoor light to create high data rate connections with potential mobile nodes. These OW nodes are further clustered and used as fog mini servers to provide processing services through the OW channel for other users. Additional fog-processing units are located in the room, the building, the campus and at the metro level. Further processing capabilities are provided by remote cloud sites. Two mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) models were proposed to numerically study networking and processing in OW systems. The first MILP model was developed and used to optimize resource allocation in the indoor OWC systems, in particular, the allocation of access points (APs) and wavelengths to users, while the second MILP model was developed to optimize the placement of processing tasks in the different fog and cloud nodes available. The optimization of tasks placement in the cloud/fog-integrated architecture was analysed using the MILP models. Multiple scenarios were considered where the mobile node locations were varied in the room and the amount of processing and data rate requested by each OW node was varied. The results help to identify the optimum colour and AP to use for communication for a given mobile node location and OWC system configuration, the optimum location to place processing and the impact of the network architecture.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Optical wireless communication’.
Physical layer security in light-fidelity systems
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Chaaban Anas , Lampe Lutz 
Published: March 2020

Light-fidelity (LiFi) is a light-based wireless communication technology which can complement radio-frequency (RF) communication technologies for indoor applications. Although LiFi signals are spatially more contained than RF signals, the broadcasting nature of LiFi also makes it susceptible to eavesdropping. Therefore, it is important to secure the transmitted data against potential eavesdroppers. In this paper, an overview of the recent developments pertaining to LiFi physical layer security (PLS) is provided, and the main differences between LiFi PLS and RF PLS are explained. LiFi achievable secrecy rates and upper bounds are then investigated under practical channel models and transmission schemes. Beamforming and jamming, which received significant research attention recently as a means to achieve PLS in LiFi, are also investigated under indoor illumination constraints. Finally, future research directions of interest in LiFi PLS are identified and discussed.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Optical wireless communication’.
Optical spatial modulation design
Authors: Cogalan T. , Haas H. , Panayirci E. 
Published: March 2020

Visible light communication (VLC) systems are inherently signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) limited due to link budget constraints. One favourable method to overcome this limitation is to focus on the pre-log factors of the channel capacity. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques are therefore a promising avenue of research. However, inter-channel interference in MIMO limits the achievable capacity. Spatial modulation (SM) avoids this limitation. Furthermore, the performance of MIMO systems in VLC is limited by the similarities among spatial channels. This limitation becomes particularly severe in intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) systems because of the lack of phase information. The motivation of this paper is to propose a system that results in a multi-channel transmission system that enables reliable multi-user optical MIMO SM transmission without the need for a precoder, power allocation algorithm or additional optics at the receiver. A general bit error performance model for the SM system is developed for an arbitrary number of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in conjunction with pulse amplitude modulation. Based on this model, an LED array structure is designed to result in spatially separated multiple channels by manipulating the transmitter geometry.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Optical wireless communication’.
CRISPR-based surveillance for COVID-19 using genomically-comprehensive machine learning design
Authors: Metsky Hayden C. , Freije Catherine A. , Kosoko-Thoroddsen Tinna-Solveig F. , Sabeti Pardis C. , Myhrvold Cameron 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe emergence and outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, has rapidly become a global concern and has highlighted the need for fast, sensitive, and specific tools to surveil circulating viruses. Here we provide assay designs and experimental resources, for use with CRISPR-based nucleic acid detection, that could be valuable for ongoing surveillance. We provide assay designs for detection of 67 viral species and subspecies, including: SARS-CoV-2, phylogenetically-related viruses, and viruses with similar clinical presentation. The designs are outputs of algorithms that we are developing for rapidly designing nucleic acid detection assays that are comprehensive across genomic diversity and predicted to be highly sensitive and specific. Of our design set, we experimentally screened 4 SARS-CoV-2 designs with a CRISPR-Cas13 detection system and then extensively tested the highest-performing SARS-CoV-2 assay. We demonstrate the sensitivity and speed of this assay using synthetic targets with fluorescent and lateral flow detection. Moreover, our provided protocol can be extended for testing the other 66 provided designs. Assay designs are available athttps://adapt.sabetilab.org/.
Cold Atmospheric Plasma induces silver nanoparticle uptake, oxidative dissolution and enhanced cytotoxicity in Glioblastoma multiforme cells
Authors: Manaloto Eline , Gowen Aoife , Lesniak Anna , He Zhonglei , Casey Alan , Cullen Patrick J , Curtin James F 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSilver nanoparticles (AgNP) emerged as a promising reagent for cancer therapy with oxidative stress implicated in the toxicity. Meanwhile, studies reported cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species has selectivity towards cancer cells. Gold nanoparticles display synergistic cytotoxicity when combined with CAP against cancer cells but there is a paucity of information using AgNP, prompting to investigate the combined effects of CAP using dielectric barrier discharge system (voltage of 75 kV, current is 62.5mA, duty cycle of 7.5kVA and input frequency of 50-60Hz) and 10nm PVA-coated AgNP using U373MG Glioblastoma Multiforme cells. Cytotoxicity in U373MG cells was >100-fold greater when treated with both CAP and PVA-AgNP compared with either therapy alone (IC50of 4.30 μg/mL with PVA-AgNP alone compared with 0.07 μg/mL after 25s CAP and 0.01 μg/mL 40s CAP). Combined cytotoxicity was ROS-dependent and was prevented using N-Acetyl Cysteine. A novel darkfield spectral imaging method investigated and quantified AgNP uptake in cells determining significantly enhanced uptake, aggregation and subcellular accumulation following CAP treatment, which was confirmed and quantified using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results indicate that CAP decreases nanoparticle size, decreases surface charge distribution of AgNP and induces uptake, aggregation and enhanced cytotoxicityin vitro.
Post-Transcriptional Circadian Regulation in Macrophages Organizes Temporally Distinct Immunometabolic States
Authors: Collins Emily J , Cervantes-Silva Mariana P , Timmons George A , O’Siorain James R , Curtis Annie M , Hurley Jennifer M 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYOur core timekeeping mechanism, the circadian clock, regulates an astonishing amount of cellular physiology and behavior, playing a vital role in organismal fitness. While the mechanics of circadian control over cellular regulation can in part be explained by the transcriptional activation stemming from the positive arm of the clock’s transcription-translation negative feedback loop, research has shown that extensive circadian regulation occurs beyond transcriptional activation in fungal species and data suggest that this post-transcriptional regulation may also be preserved in mammals. To determine the extent to which circadian output is regulated post-transcriptionally in mammalian cells, we comprehensively profiled the transcriptome and proteome of murine bone marrow-derived macrophages in a high resolution, sample rich time course. We found that only 15% of the circadian proteome had corresponding oscillating mRNA and this regulation was cell intrinsic. Ontological analysis of oscillating proteins revealed robust temporal enrichment for protein degradation and translation, providing potential insights into the source of this extensive post-transcriptional regulation. We noted post-transcriptional temporal-gating across a number of connected metabolic pathways. This temporal metabolic regulation further corresponded with rhythms we observed in ATP production, mitochondrial morphology, and phagocytosis. With the strong interconnection between cellular metabolic states and macrophage phenotypes/responses, our work demonstrates that post-transcriptional circadian regulation in macrophages is broadly utilized as a tool to confer time-dependent immune function and responses. As macrophages coordinate many immunological and inflammatory functions, an understanding of this regulation provides a framework to determine the impact of circadian regulation on a wide array of disease pathologies.
Mutations, Recombination and Insertion in the Evolution of 2019-nCoV
Authors: Wu Aiping , Niu Peihua , Wang Lulan , Zhou Hangyu , Zhao Xiang , Wang Wenling , Wang Jingfeng , Ji Chengyang , Ding Xiao , Wang Xianyue , Lu Roujian , Gold Sarah , Aliyari Saba , Zhang Shilei , Vikram Ellee , Zou Angela , Lenh Emily , Chen Janet , Ye Fei , Han Na , Peng Yousong , Guo Haitao , Wu Guizhen , Jiang Taijiao , Tan Wenjie , Cheng Genhong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2) has spread more rapidly than any other betacoronavirus including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. However, the mechanisms responsible for infection and molecular evolution of this virus remained unclear.MethodsWe collected and analyzed 120 genomic sequences of 2019-nCoV including 11 novel genomes from patients in China. Through comprehensive analysis of the available genome sequences of 2019-nCoV strains, we have tracked multiple inheritable SNPs and determined the evolution of 2019-nCoV relative to other coronaviruses.ResultsSystematic analysis of 120 genomic sequences of 2019-nCoV revealed co-circulation of two genetic subgroups with distinct SNPs markers, which can be used to trace the 2019-nCoV spreading pathways to different regions and countries. Although 2019-nCoV, human and bat SARS-CoV share high homologous in overall genome structures, they evolved into two distinct groups with different receptor entry specificities through potential recombination in the receptor binding regions. In addition, 2019-nCoV has a unique four amino acid insertion between S1 and S2 domains of the spike protein, which created a potential furin or TMPRSS2 cleavage site.ConclusionsOur studies provided comprehensive insights into the evolution and spread of the 2019-nCoV. Our results provided evidence suggesting that 2019-nCoV may increase its infectivity through the receptor binding domain recombination and a cleavage site insertion.One Sentence SummaryNovel 2019-nCoV sequences revealed the evolution and specificity of betacoronavirus with possible mechanisms of enhanced infectivity.
[…] you feel there’s nowhere left to go: the barriers to support among women who experience substance use and domestic abuse in the UK
Authors: Fox Sarah 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
Domestic abuse victimisation is a common experience among women with problematic substance use, but support provision for both issues is siloed within the UK. Research on the topic focuses on practitioner responses, dominating women’s voices within research, policy and practice. As such, knowledge about women’s experiences of help-seeking is missing. This study therefore aims to fill a gap in knowledge by exploring the lived experiences of supporting seeking among women impacted by domestic abuse and substance use.

Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 women who had a history of co-occurring problematic substance use and domestic abuse. Influenced by interpretive phenomenological analysis and feminist research praxis, the study explored how women with dual needs navigated support and help seeking and the barriers they faced.

Findings
The women reported the biggest barrier was the disconnect between substance use and domestic abuse support, including a gap in the communication of information. This resulted in them having to choose which of their needs to seek support for. None of the women received support for their combined experiences, and most of the women never received support for their domestic abuse experiences alone.

Originality/value
This is the first piece of research from the UK to explore, in-depth, women’s journey through support for their co-occurring substance use and domestic abuse victimisation. Previous research has not consulted with women to understand how they navigate the complex support systems available. This paper is, therefore, important, because it demonstrates the journeys to services these women take and the barriers they have to overcome.
Performance of TV programs: a robust MCDM approach
Authors: Andrade Liz Hassad de , Antunes Jorge Junio Moreira , Wanke Peter 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to provide an approach to analyze the performance of TV programs and to identify what can be done to improve them.Design/methodology/approachThe Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), the Ng-model, Grey relational analysis (GRA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to evaluate the programs, using audience, share, and duration as the performance criteria.FindingsBy comparing TOPSIS to the Ng-model, PCA, and GRA, we verified that SVD and bootstrap SVD TOPSIS provide a good balance between equal-weights TOPSIS and the other models. This is because SVD and bootstrap SVD TOPSIS break down the data to a higher degree, but are less impacted by outliers compared to the long tail models.Practical implicationsTo determine which TV programs should be replaced or modified is a complex decision that has not been addressed in the literature. The advantage of using a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach is that analysts can choose as many criteria as they want to rank TV programs, rather than relying on a single criterion (e.g., audience, share, target rating point).Originality/valueThis work represents the first time that robust MCDM methodology is applied to an audience data set to analyze the performance of TV programs and to identify what can be done to improve them. This study shows the application of a detailed methodology that is useful for the improvement of TV programs and other entertainment industry content.
Benchmarking enablers to achieve growth performance: a conceptual framework
Authors: Bhattacharya Sanjay , Momaya Kirankumar S. , Iyer K. Chandrasekhar 
Published: March 2020

PurposeTo suggest a conceptual framework to benchmark enablers of growth and link them to performance metrics, duly supported theoretically with definitions and literature review. The sub-objectives of the study are the following:To identify enablers based on theories and antecedents of growthTo establish key leads on how the identified enablers have been deployed by leading construction companies, basis their stages of growth and economic contextTo identify which enablers have higher potential to contribute to competitiveness and growth in an effort to benchmark performanceTo establish if the enablers deployed is dependent on the market maturity and economic contextDesign/methodology/approachThe enabler-mix-based approach is evolved through literature review, inputs from industry practitioners, and subsequent empirical analysis. To explore relationships, the primary methodology suggested is building theory from practice, justified in specific industry and regional economic context. Content analysis has been used for validation of the framework.FindingsTraditional strategy literature suffers from the limitations in terms of applicability and specific contextual settings. In a rapidly changing and varied environment coupled with the context of emerging countries, there is a need for a benchmarked framework for strategy and growth. The evidence toward utility of the framework has been established through a quick analysis of leading construction companies. Capabilities for “operational and process excellence,” “unique products and services,” and “visionary leadership” emerged to be the higher ranked core growth enablers. However, the deployment of these enablers is dependent on the maturity of the company and its economic context.Research limitations/implicationsThis simpler and generic framework analyzes the relative impact on performance, as well as the inter-enabler interaction and substitution effects, in the context of construction companies.Practical implicationsIn the context of industries that are volatile in nature (like the construction industry), strategy tools need to be simple and generic towards practical and uncomplicated application for the managers, to achieve positive outcomes.Originality/valueThis paper offers fresh perspectives to benchmarking literature in terms of enablers to deliver growth performance, in the context of construction companies. It attempts to fill the gap in evolving simple strategy tools to ensure sustainable growth performance in industries having nascent research support and less availability of data so far. In the context of industries that are volatile in nature (like the construction industry), strategy tools need to be simple and generic toward practical and uncomplicated application for the managers to achieve positive outcomes.