bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental conditions dictate differential evolution of vancomycin resistance inStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Machado Henrique , Seif Yara , Sakoulas George , Olson Connor A. , Szubin Richard , Palsson Bernhard O. , Nizet Victor , Feist Adam M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile microbiological resistance to vancomycin inStaphylococcus aureusis rare, clinical vancomycin treatment failures are common, and methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) strains isolated from patients after prolonged vancomycin treatment failure remain susceptible. Adaptive laboratory evolution was utilized to uncover mutational mechanisms associated with MRSA vancomycin resistance in a bacteriological medium used in clinical susceptibility testing and a physiological medium. Sequencing of resistant clones revealed shared and media-specific mutational outcomes, with an overlap in cell wall regulons (walKRyycHI, vraSRT). Evolved strains displayed similar genetic and phenotypic traits to resistant clinical isolates. Importantly, resistant phenotypes that developed in physiological media did not translate into resistance in bacteriological media. Further, a bacteriological media-specific mechanism for vancomycin resistance enabled by a mutatedmprFwas confirmed. This study bridges the gap of understanding between clinical and microbiological vancomycin resistance inS. aureusand expands the number of allelic variants that result in vancomycin resistance phenotypes.
Convolutional Neural Network Model to Detect COVID-19 Patients Utilizing Chest X-ray Images
Authors: Satu Md. Shahriare , Ahammed Khair , Abedin Mohammad Zoynul , Rahman Md. Auhidur , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Azad AKM , Alyami Salem A. , Moni Mohammad Ali 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aims to propose a deep learning model to detect COVID-19 positive cases more precisely utilizing chest X-ray images. We have collected and merged all the publicly available chest X-ray datasets of COVID-19 infected patients from Kaggle and Github, and pre-processed it using random sampling approach. Then, we proposed and applied an enhanced convolutional neural network (CNN) model to this dataset and obtained a 94.03% accuracy, 95.52% AUC and 94.03% f-measure for detecting COVID-19 positive patients. We have also performed a comparative performance between our proposed CNN model with several state-of-the-art machine learning classifiers including support vector machine, random forest, k-nearest neighbor, logistic regression, gaussian naïve bayes, bernoulli naïve bayes, decision tree, Xgboost, multilayer perceptron, nearest centroid and perceptron as well as deep learning and pre-trained models such as deep neural network, residual neural network, visual geometry group network 16, and inception network V3 were employed, where our model yielded outperforming results compared to all other models. While evaluating the performance of our models, we have emphasized on specificity along with accuracy to identify non-COVID-19 individuals more accurately, which may potentially facilitate the early detection of COVID-19 patients for their preliminary screening, especially in under-resourced health infrastructure with insufficient PCR testing systems and testing facilities. Moreover, this model could also be applicable to the cases of other lung infections.
Characteristics and local structure of hafnia-silicate-zirconate ceramic nanomixtures
Authors: Pop L. , Rada S. , An P. , Zhang J. , Rada M. , Suciu R. C. , Culea E. 
Published: June 2020

Zirconate systems having the composition 3HfO2·15SiO2·xY2O3·(82 − x)ZrO2, where x = 2, 7 and 12 mol% Y2O3, were synthesized by a sol-gel method. The analysis of X-ray diffraction data showed the presence of the t-ZrO2, m-ZrO2, m-HfO2, Y2SiO5 and Y2Si2O7 crystalline phases in a ceramic nanomixture. Spectroscopic data show that the increase of the Y2O3 content of samples determines the increase of the t-ZrO2, m-HfO2 and silicate crystalline phases. Gap energy values decrease almost linearly with increasing Y2O3 content of samples. A detailed study of XANES data does not show a significant difference with increasing Y2O3 content of the samples suggesting an appreciable stability of the hafnium ions +4 oxidation state and their microvicinity. EXAFS results show that the local structure around the Hf cation is similar to that from the monoclinic crystalline HfO2 where the Hf–O coordination number tends to 7. The bond lengths of Hf–O shells show small deviations from ∼2.12 Å and the Hf–metal paths become more structured by increasing the Y2O3 content of the samples.
Predicting mobile network operators users m-payment intention
Authors: Leong Choi-Meng , Tan Kim-Lim , Puah Chin-Hong , Chong Shyh-Ming 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the intention of using mobile payment (m-payment) services in Sarawak, Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachA total of 194 online payment users were selected to respond to the structured questionnaire. The partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse the data by assessing the measurement and model.FindingsPerceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use mediated the relationship between perceived compatibility (PC) and the intention to use the mobile payment for mobile network operators’ services.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis provides insights that PC is considered as a significant determinant for mobile payment of mobile network operators’ services.Practical implicationsThe operators can consider factors such as PC in the design of their mobile applications and the potential to expand the m-payment services to others e-wallet such as Sarawak e-wallet. The model possesses medium prediction power, which suggests that other variables such as perceived security and personal innovativeness also can be used to predict the usage behaviour of mobile payment for the mobile network services.Originality/valueThe present study contributes to the m-payment users’ behaviour intention literature by investigating the mobile-based predictors of using m-payment technology in an emerging digital economy state in Sarawak, Malaysia. This study also extends the knowledge of technology acceptance model by introducing the mediation effect of PU and ease of use between the mobile-based predictors and m-payment intention.
Expansion to foreign markets: Usaflex
Authors: Sirimarco Paula Holanda Cavalcanti , da Fonseca Luiza Neves Marques 
Published: June 2020

Learning outcomes
The case seeks to meet the following educational objectives: provide an understanding of the problems and opportunities faced by a company doing business in a rapidly expanding emerging market. Understand how the foreign environment and industry practices impinge on the company’s strategic conduct. Develop the ability to evaluate strategic internationalization decisions in light of considerations related to uncertainty, risk and commitment. Provide for the application of internationalization theories to a real case involving an emerging country company. Discuss new strategies for international market expansion.

Case overview/synopsis
This case study is about the strategic change of the Usaflex brand and how it impacted its national and international expansion. Usaflex is a Brazilian footwear company founded in 1998 and acquired in 2016 by a group of partners. The new managers started an accelerated process of national and international expansion. In the domestic market, the company adopted the franchise system and in the international market used licensed stores. In addition, the new management implemented a series of modifications, changing the positioning, design and product variety, as well as the communication strategy. This process took place in a highly negative context, with the domestic market suffering the impact of a strong recession and Brazilian footwear exports losing competitiveness in the international market.

Complexity academic level
The targeted audience of this case is undergraduate and MBA students of Business Management courses, specifically on International Business courses.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 5: International Business.
Emoticons and non-verbal communications across Arabic, English, and Korean Tweets
Authors: Park Jung Ran , El Mimouni Houda 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine how tweeters drawn from three different languages and cultural boundaries manage the lack of contextual cues through an analysis of Arabic, English and Korean tweets.

Design/methodology/approach
Data for this study is drawn from a corpus of tweets (n = 1,200) streamed using Python through Twitter API. Using the language information, the authors limited the number of tweets to 400 randomly selected tweets from each language, totaling 1,200 tweets. Final coding taxonomy was derived through interactive processes preceded by literature and a preliminary analysis based on a small subset (n = 150) by isolating nonverbal communication devices and emoticons.

Findings
The results of the study present that there is great commonality across these tweets in terms of strategies and creativity in compensating for the constraints imposed by the tweet platform. The language-specific characteristics are also shown in the form of different usage of devices.

Research limitations/implications
Emoticon usage indicates that the communication mode influences online social interaction; the restriction of 140 maximum characters seems to engender a frequent usage of emoticons across tweets regardless of language differences. The results of the study bring forth implications into the design of social media technologies that reflect affective aspects of communication and language-/culture-specific traits and characteristics.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are no qualitative studies examining paralinguistic nonverbal communication cues in the Twitter platform across language boundaries.
Information and cyber security maturity models: a systematic literature review
Authors: Rabii Anass , Assoul Saliha , Ouazzani Touhami Khadija , Roudies Ounsa 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to clarify the uncertainty reflected in the current state of information security maturity evaluation where it has not enough matured and converged so that a generic approach or many specfics approaches become the go-to choice. In fact, in the past decade, many secruity maturity models are still being produced and remain unproven regardless of the existence of ISO 21827.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors have used the systematic literature review to summarize existing research, help identify gaps in the existing literature and provide background for positioning new research studies.

Findings
The authors highlighted the prevalent influence of the ISO/IEC 27001/27002 standard but raised the necessity for an in-depth investigation of ISO 21827. The authors also made the implementation facet a central topic of our review. The authors found out that, compared to the number of proposed models, implementation experiments are lacking. This could be due to the arduous task of validation and it could also be the reason why specific models are dominant.

Originality/value
While the research literature contains many experience reports and a few case studies on information security maturity evaluation, a systematic review and synthesis of this growing field of research is unavailable as far as the authors know. In fact, the authors only picked-up one bodywork [Maturity models in cyber security A systematic review (2017)] carrying out a literature review on security maturity models between 2012 and 2017, written in Spanish.
Contextualising work–life balance: a case of women of African origin in the UK
Authors: Akobo Loliya Agbani , Stewart Jim 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe existing gender gap in the workplace, that affects job satisfaction and career advancement of women, creates a need to understand further the causes and effects of the gender gap phenomenon. Although, there are many challenges that affect women’s job satisfaction and advancement in the workplace, this paper aims to investigate work–life balance using multiple theoretical lenses.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with women from Nigeria and Ghana residing in the UK, they were selected using a purposive sampling method.FindingsThe findings show four main factors that explain the choices these women make in relation to work–family. These are cultural sensitivities, current phase in family and work–life, personality types and other influences such as policies and financial commitment. Results also show how these women make these work–family choices using networks and services.Practical implicationsThe paper postulates the need for organisation’s to pay attention to the acculturation and enculturation of these women, which would indicate observing their cultural behaviour’s, values, knowledge and identities to understand how they integrate, assimilate and to also prevent separation and marginalisation. In addition, the use of (internal and external) networks as support systems for these women can create the opportunity for informal learning. Finally, organisation’s should create structure that support workplace learning and should include activities such as decision-making, communication, career advancement planning and flexible work patterns.Originality/valueThis study contributes to theory using multiple theories (work-family, gender inequality and Theories X and Y in explaining the work–family construct of women of African origin in the UK.
The challenges of providing primary health care to Afghan immigrants in Tehran: a key global human right issue
Authors: Takbiri Afsaneh , Takian AmirHossein , Rahimi Foroushani Abbas , Jaafaripooyan Ebrahim 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This study aims to explore the challenges of providing primary health care (PHC) to Afghan immigrants in Tehran as an important global human right issue.

Design/methodology/approach
In this exploratory study, a total of 25 purposively selected PHC providers, including physicians, psychologists and midwives, were approached for face-to-face, semi-structured interviews, lasting 30 min on average. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.

Findings
The most common challenges of providing PHC to Afghan immigrants were categorized at individual, organizational and societal levels. Communication barriers and socioeconomic features emerged at the individual level. The organizational challenges included mainly the lack of insurance coverage for all immigrants and the lack of a screening system upon the immigrants’ arrival from the borders. At the societal level, the negative attitudes toward Afghan immigrants were causing a problematic challenge.

Research limitations/implications
The main limitation was the possibility that only health-care professionals with particular positive or negative perspectives about immigrants enter into the study, because of the voluntary nature of participation.

Practical implications
Findings can help policymakers adopt evidence-informed strategies for facilitating PHC provision and improving the access to health care in immigrants as a global human right concern.

Social implications
This study alerts about undesirable consequences of certain attitudes and behaviors of the society toward immigrant health.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies conducted in PHC centers in Tehran Province that explores the challenges of providing PHC to Afghan immigrants.
Observance of patients’ rights in emergency department of educational hospitals in south-east Iran
Authors: Sheikhbardsiri Hojjat , Esamaeili Abdar Zahra , Sheikhasadi Hakimeh , Ayoubi Mahani Shahla , Sarani Arezoo 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
Patient right is the most important ethical right in the hospital, which equally, belongs to every human kind. Observance of patient right is responsibility of all treatment staff when they offer treatment and care for patient. This study aims to investigate observance of patients’ rights in emergency department of educational hospitals in south-east Iran.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted in four educational hospitals affiliated with the Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Using a two-section standard questionnaire of Patients’ Rights Charter, this study assessed patients’ rights observance using a census method, N = 382. The data from the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviations and analytic statistics such as Kolmogorov – Smirnov, ANOVA, t-test and Pearson test using SPSS 21.

Findings
Means of total score for observing all essentials of patients’ rights in emergency department of educational hospitals were at a moderate level (43.10 ±15.05) from the viewpoint of patients. The area of “providing health services based on respecting patient’s privacy and observing the essentials of secrecy and confidentiality” enjoying the highest mean score (86.89 ± 24.39), was at a good level compared to other areas. The area of “having access to effective complaint management system” showed the lowest mean score (23/85 ± 23/07) from the participants’ perspective proving a poor level. Between the patient rights observance and gender, education level, resident status and duration of hospitalization, a significant relationship was observed.

Originality/value
As regarded in this study, the degree of patients’ rights observance was moderate so, culture, paying attention to the rights of all stakeholders, identifying barriers and various factors, including the professional and environmental differences in the assessment of the need, should be considered by policymakers to design promotional and regulatory programs for improving the rights of the patient.
A benefit segmentation framework for a nature-based tourism destination: the case of Kruger, Panorama and Lowveld areas in Mpumalanga Province
Authors: Nduna Lesedi Tomana , van Zyl Cine 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate benefits tourist seek when visiting a nature-based tourism destination to develop a benefit segmentation framework.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used quantitative research methods, with 400 self-administered survey administered to a sample of 400 tourists visiting the Kruger, Panorama, and Lowveld areas in Mpumalanga.

Findings
Cluster analysis produced two benefit segments. Binary logistic regression benefits that emerged from the cluster analysis were statistically significant predictors of the attractions tourists visited and the activities in which they participated during their stays in Mpumalanga. Factor-cluster analysis and binary logistic regression results were used to develop a benefit segmentation framework as a marketing planning tool.

Research limitations/implications
The study was only based on Mpumalanga Province and therefore, the results cannot be generalised. The study was conducted over one season, the Easter period

Practical implications
The proposed benefit segmentation framework provides a tool that destination management organisations can use to plan effectively for marketing.

Social implications
Effective marketing may lead to increased tourism growth which can have a multiplier effect on the destination.

Originality/value
This article is based on a master’s study conducted in Mpumalanga and results are presented on this paper.
The red packet interaction and brand attitude in the brand communities on WeChat
Authors: Zhu Guowei , Liu Yaru , Zhou Li 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
Monetary incentives have been widely adopted by brands to promote consumer engagement in their brand communities on social networking sites. This paper aims to explore how the interactions triggered by an emerging monetary incentive, red packets, affect consumers’ brand attitude in the context of WeChat brand groups (WCBGs).

Design/methodology/approach
According to whether brands ask for commercial returns from consumers, two types of interactions were identified, namely, exchange red packet interaction (ERPI) and communal red packet interaction (CRPI). The corresponding influences on brand attitude were examined in three experiments.

Findings
Compared to CRPIs, ERPIs elicit greater normative community pressure, inducing a less favorable brand attitude. Moreover, this impact is moderated by the time frame of brand communities. In the long-term WCBGs, a significant difference exists between ERPIs and CRPIs, while such difference attenuates or even disappears in short-term WCBGs.

Practical implications
When using red packets as an engagement strategy, brand managers should be alert to their potential negative influence. Specifically, in short-term brand communities, ERPIs enable managers to acquire commercial returns without hurting brand attitude. In long-term brand communities, managers are advised to implement CRPIs to foster a positive brand attitude.

Originality/value
This study investigates red packet interactions in brand communities, which have been widespread but unexplored. The results expand the literature by addressing the undermining effect of ERPI and the moderating effect of the time frame.
A value creation perspective on international business in Latin America: directions for differentiation between emerging market multinationals
Authors: Hermans Michel , Borda Reyes Armando 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This study aims to draw researchers’ attention to the need to differentiate within the emerging market multinational companies (EMNCs) category. This study focuses on international business in Latin America to argue that the region’s specific institutional characteristics have consequences for within-firm decision-making regarding internationalization strategies. Additionally, the study suggests that to develop a more specific understanding of international business in emerging markets, it is important to consider how decision-makers define value and how they can capture such value.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach used in this study draws on the bathtub analogy used in micro-foundations research in international business. It proposes a multilevel analysis in which micro-level variation in within-firm decision-making is considered, while accounting for the conditioning effects of macro-level contextual factors.

Findings
The study identifies characteristics of the Latin American institutional context that are relevant to international business strategies and that potentially differ from other emerging market contexts. These include the pendular shifts to and from pro-market economic reform, fragmented government intervention in business, underdeveloped capital markets, low competition among firms and polarized labor markets. The study explains how these characteristics shape the definition of value and firm strategies to capture value in international markets, and provides examples from firms in different industries.

Originality/value
This study applies a value creation and capture perspective to international business in Latin America, allowing for the simultaneous consideration of macrolevel institutional characteristics and microlevel variation in decision-making regarding internationalization strategies. This perspective not only helps to distinguish Latin American EMNCs from companies from other emerging market contexts, but also explains the considerable variation in the internationalization strategies of firms within the region.