bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slang Words in Transaction of Selling-Buying Drugs in Padang City Area
Authors: Astuti Amelia Yuli , Denafri Bram 
Published: September 2020

This research is able to develop linguistic aspects that are used by a group of drug dealers and users to be directly identified by people who are likely close to them. So that the public can be aware of the existence of drug sales transactions and submit it to the authorities to follow up.
This research seeks to understand and explain the phenomena of slang used by drug dealers in buying and selling transactions Padang City. This research produces descriptive data in the form of sentences, words, or slang language phrases Padang City. This research method is Simak Libat Cakap (SLC) where researchers are directly involved in obtaining data. Sources of data in this research were obtained from oral sources. The oral data source was obtained from an interview with one dealer who was willing to be interviewed who did the distribution and had connections with other dealers.
GAMBARAN KEBIASAAN MAKAN MAKANAN KARIOGENIK DAN KERUSAKAN GIGI GERAHAM TETAP PERTAMA
Authors: Kamelia Emma 
Published: September 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bambaran kebiasaan makan makanan kariogenik dan kerusakan gigi geraham tetap pertama pada anak kelas III SDN Cidadap Karangnunggal Tasikmalaya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional dengan rancangan penelitian descriptive research, populasi dari penelitian ini adalah selurus siswa di SDN Cidadap Kelas III Karangnunggal Tasikmalaya berjumlah 40 orang, semua siswa dijadikan sampel penelitian. Data primer merupakan data yang diambil secara langsung menggunakan food frequency questionnaire dan pemeriksaan kerusakan gigi geraham tetap pertama dengan menggunakan indeks DMF-T, analisis data menggunakan distribusi frekuensi. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan pada murid kelas III SDN Cidadap Kecamatan Karangnunggal Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, dapat ditarik kesimpulan sebagai berikut : 1) Hasil pemeriksaan frekuensi kebiasaan makan makanan keriogenik pada murid kelas III SDN Cidadap Karangnunggal Tasikmalaya dari jumlah 40 orang, didominasi oleh frekuensi 3-6 x sehari dan bukan pada jam makan utama; 2) Hasil pemeriksaan kerusakan gigi geraham tetap pertama dari jumlah murid 40 orang, belum terdapat kerusakan pada gigi geraham tetap pertama karena masih status kesehatan giginya didominasi karies superfisialis
Sharing and organizing research products as R packages
Authors: Vuorre Matti , Crump Matthew J. C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA consensus on the importance of open data and reproducible code is emerging. How should data and code be shared to maximize the key desiderata of reproducibility, permanence, and accessibility? Research assets should be stored persistently in formats that are not software restrictive, and documented so that others can reproduce and extend the required computations. The sharing method should be easy to adopt by already busy researchers. We suggest the R package standard as a solution for creating, curating, and communicating research assets. The R package standard, with extensions discussed herein, provides a format for assets and metadata that satisfies the above desiderata, facilitates reproducibility, open access, and sharing of materials through online platforms like GitHub and Open Science Framework. We discuss a stack of R resources that help users create reproducible collections of research assets, from experiments to manuscripts, in the RStudio interface. We created an R package, vertical, to help researchers incorporate these tools into their workflows, and discuss its functionality at length in an online supplement. Together, these tools may increase the reproducibility and openness of psychological science.
ALICE: An open-source tool for automatic measurement of phoneme, syllable, and word counts from child-centered daylong recordings
Authors: Räsänen Okko , Seshadri Shreyas , Lavechin Marvin , Cristia Alejandrina , Casillas Marisa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecordings captured by wearable microphones are a standard method for investigating young children’s language environments. A key measure to quantify from such data is the amount of speech present in children’s home environments. To this end, the LENA recorder and software—a popular system for measuring linguistic input—estimates the number of adult words that children may hear over the course of a recording. However, word count estimation is challenging to do in a language- independent manner; the relationship between observable acoustic patterns and language-specific lexical entities is far from uniform across human languages. In this paper, we ask whether some alternative linguistic units, namely phone(me)s or syllables, could be measured instead of, or in parallel with, words in order to achieve improved cross-linguistic applicability and comparability of an automated system for measuring child language input. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of measuring different units from theoretical and technical points of view. We also investigate the practical applicability of measuring such units using a novel system called Automatic LInguistic unit Count Estimator (ALICE) together with audio from seven child-centered daylong audio corpora from diverse cultural and linguistic environments. We show that language-independent measurement of phoneme counts is somewhat more accurate than syllables or words, but all three are highly correlated with human annotations on the same data. We share an open-source implementation of ALICE for use by the language research community, enabling automatic phoneme, syllable, and word count estimation from child-centered audio recordings.
A Cosmography Approach to Dark Energy Cosmologies: New Constraints Using the Hubble Diagrams of Supernovae, Quasars, and Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Rezaei Mehdi , Pour-Ojaghi Saeed , Malekjani Mohammad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In the context of a cosmography approach to using the data of the Hubble diagram for supernovae, quasars, and gamma-ray bursts, we study dark energy (DE) parameterizations and the concordance cold dark matter (ΛCDM) universe. Using different combinations of data samples including (i) supernovae (Pantheon), (ii) Pantheon + quasars. and (iii) Pantheon + quasars + gamma-ray bursts, and applying the minimization of χ
2 function of the distance modulus of data samples in the context of the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, we obtain constrained values of cosmographic parameters in a model-independent cosmography scenario. We then investigate our analysis, for different concordance ΛCDM cosmology, wCDM, Chevallier–Polarski–Linder, and Pade parameterizations. Comparing the numerical values of the cosmographic parameters obtained for DE scenarios with those of the model-independent method, we show that the concordance ΛCDM model has serious issues when we involve quasar and gamma-ray burst data in our analysis. While high-redshift quasars and gamma-ray bursts can falsify the concordance model, our results using a cosmography approach indicate that the other DE parameterizations are still consistent with these observations.
Prospective Annual Detection Rate of High-energy Gamma-Ray Bursts with LHAASO-WCDA
Authors: Kang Ming-Ming , Qiao Bing-Qiang , Yao Yu-Hua , Guo Yi-Qing , Hu Hong-Bo , Yao Zhi-Guo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are considered one of the most violent, explosive events in the universe and serve as high-redshift probes for cosmological study due to their high-energy observations. Such observations, particularly in the GeV regime, have already proven fruitful for deriving useful scientific results, such as the determination of extragalactic background light (EBL) and the stringent constraint on the Lorentz invariance violation effect. Owing to the advantages of a very large effective area, a low threshold energy, a wide field of view, and high duty cycle, the upcoming Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory–Water Cerenkov Detector Array (LHAASO-WCDA) will have potential sensitivity for discovering GRBs in the 100 GeV energy region. In this work, a sample of GRBs has been generated and examined based on existing observations reported by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi satellite. The Fermi spectra are extrapolated to high energy by taking into account the absorption due to the pair production processes occurring between γ rays and EBL. With an assumption that an ultrahigh-energy component accounts for 10% of the total luminosity, it is found that LHAASO-WCDA has a GRB detection rate of ∼one GRB per year.
Stabilization of Magnetic Reconnection in the Relativistic Current Sheet
Authors: Hoshino Masahiro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Recently, magnetic reconnection, where a relativistically hot plasma is confined by a strong magnetic field, has received great attention in relation to astrophysical objects (e.g., a pulsar magnetosphere and magnetar). However, reconnection with a relativistic high-speed drift current in the plasma sheet has not been investigated yet. Thus, from both theoretical and computational points of view, we studied the growth rate of relativistic reconnection for the high-speed drift current in a relativistically hot plasma sheet. Consequently, we argue that, contrary to the conventional understanding of the fast energy dissipation by the relativistic reconnection, the growth of magnetic reconnection is suppressed.
Magnetohydrodynamic Accretion–Ejection: Jets Launched by a Nonisotropic Accretion-disk Dynamo. II. A Dynamo Tensor Defined by the Disk Coriolis Number
Authors: Mattia Giancarlo , Fendt Christian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Astrophysical jets are launched from strongly magnetized systems that host an accretion disk surrounding a central object. Here we address the question of how accretion-disk magnetization and the field structure required for jet launching are generated. We continue our work from Mattia & Fendt (Paper I) by considering a nonscalar accretion-disk mean-field α
2Ω dynamo in the context of large-scale disk-jet simulations. We now investigate a disk dynamo that follows analytical solutions of the mean-field dynamo theory, essentially based only on a single parameter, the Coriolis number. We thereby confirm the anisotropy of the dynamo tensor acting in accretion disks, allowing both the resistivity and mean-field dynamo to be related to the disk turbulence. Our new model recovers previous simulations by applying a purely radial initial field while allowing for a more stable evolution for seed fields with a vertical component. We also present correlations between the strength of the disk dynamo coefficients and the dynamical parameters of the jet that is launched, and discuss their implications for observed jet quantities.
Magnetohydrodynamic Accretion–Ejection: Jets Launched by a Nonisotropic Accretion-disk Dynamo. I. Validation and Application of Selected Dynamo Tensorial Components
Authors: Mattia Giancarlo , Fendt Christian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Astrophysical jets are launched from strongly magnetized systems that host an accretion disk surrounding a central object. The origin of the jet-launching magnetic field is one of the open questions for modeling the accretion–ejection process. Here we address the question of how the accretion-disk magnetization and field structure required for jet launching are generated. Applying the PLUTO code, we present the first resistive magnetohydronamic simulations of jet launching including a nonscalar accretion-disk mean-field α
2Ω dynamo in the context of large-scale disk-jet simulations. Essentially, we find the α

ϕ
-dynamo component determining the amplification of the poloidal magnetic field, which is strictly related to the disk magnetization (and, as a consequence, to the jet speed, mass, and collimation), while the α

R
- and α

θ
-dynamo components trigger the formation of multiple, antialigned magnetic loops in the disk, with strong consequences for the stability and dynamics of the disk–jet system. In particular, such loops trigger the formation of dynamo-inefficient zones, which are characterized by a weak magnetic field and therefore a lower value of the magnetic diffusivity. The jet mass, speed, and collimation are strongly affected by the formation of the dynamo-inefficient zones. Moreover, the θ component of the α dynamo plays a key role when the dynamo interacts with a nonradial component of the seed magnetic field. We also present correlations between the strength of the disk toy dynamo coefficients and the dynamical parameters of the jet that is launched.
Implications of Symmetry and Pressure in Friedmann Cosmology. III. Point Sources of Dark Energy that Tend toward Uniformity
Authors: Croker K. S. , Runburg J. , Farrah D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We show that point sources of dark energy can explain accelerated late-time expansion and, simultaneously, satisfy observational constraints on massive compact objects. Population III stellar collapse into GEneric Objects of Dark Energy (GEODEs) between 8 ≲ z ≲ 20 mimics the observed ΩΛ within the typical concordance cosmology. We determine the appropriate dynamical model of aggregate GEODE flow within covariant linear perturbation theory. We find that all continuum fluid properties, at large scales, are determined by the internal properties and spin of individual GEODEs. For large spin, the spatial distribution of GEODEs becomes uniform on scales ≲200 Mpc. The power spectrum of cold dark matter is essentially unaltered. A Population III GEODE scenario provides an observationally consistent physical origin for accelerated late-time expansion while imposing no new constraints on structure formation.
Solar Longitude Distribution of High-energy Proton Flares: Fluences and Spectra
Authors: Cliver E. W. , Mekhaldi F. , Muscheler R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The distribution of the longitudes of solar flares associated with the high-energy proton events called ground level events (GLEs) can be approximated by a Gaussian with a peak at ∼W60, with a full range from ∼E90 to ∼W150. The longitudes of flares associated with the top third (24 of 72) of GLEs in terms of their >430 MeV fluences (F
430) are primarily distributed over E20–W100 with a skew toward disk center. This 120° span in longitude is comparable to the latitudinal spans of powerful coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from limb flares. Only 5 of 24 strong GLEs are located within the W40–80 zone of good magnetic connection to Earth. GLEs with hard spectra, i.e., a spectral index SI30/200(= log(F
30/F
200)) < 1.5, also tend to avoid W40–80 source regions. Three-fourths of such events (16 of 21) arise in flares outside this range. The above tendencies favor a CME-driven shock source over a flare-resident acceleration process for high-energy solar protons. GLE spectra show a trend, with broad scatter, from hard spectra for events originating in eruptive flares beyond the west limb to soft spectra for GLEs with sources near central meridian. This behavior can be explained in terms of: (1) dominant near-Sun quasi-perpendicular shock acceleration of protons for far western (>W100) GLEs; (2) quasi-parallel shock acceleration for well-connected (W40–80) GLEs, and (3) proton acceleration/trapping at CME-driven bow shocks from central meridian (E20–W20) that strike the Earth.
Does the 1-year Decline in Walking Speed Predict Mortality Risk Beyond Current Walking Speed in Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis?
Authors: Master Hiral , Neogi Tuhina , LaValley Michael , Thoma Louise M. , Zhang Yuqing , Voinier Dana , Christiansen Meredith B. , White Daniel K. 
Published: September 2020

Objective.To investigate whether walking speed at 1 timepoint, decline over the past 12 months, or both predict mortality risk over 11 years in adults with, or at risk of, knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods.Using the data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative, we defined slow versus adequate walking speed as walking < 1.22 versus ≥ 1.22 m/s on a 20m walk test during the 12-month follow-up visit. We defined meaningful decline (yes/no) as slowing ≥ 0.08 m/s over the past year. At the 12-month visit, we classified adequate sustainers as those with adequate walking speed and no meaningful decline, slow sustainers as slow walking speed and no meaningful decline, adequate decliners as adequate walking speed and meaningful decline, and slow decliners as slow walking speed and meaningful decline. Mortality was recorded over 11 years. To examine the association of walking speed with mortality, HR and 95% CI were calculated using Cox regression, adjusted for potential confounders.Results.Of 4229 participants in the analytic sample (58% female, age 62 ± 9 yrs, BMI 29 ± 5 kg/m2), 6% (n = 270) died over 11 years. Slow sustainers and slow decliners had 2-times increased mortality risk compared to adequate sustainers (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.44–2.66 for slow sustainers, and HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.46–2.96 for slow decliners). Adequate decliners had 0.43 times the mortality risk compared with adequate sustainers (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.32–1.01).Conclusion.In adults with, or at risk of, knee OA, walking slower than 1.22 m/s in the present increased mortality risk, regardless of decline over the previous year.
Proudhon et Michel Onfray, deux philosophes plébéiens
Authors: Gaillard Chantal 
Published: September 2020

Peu de philosophes sont issus des classes sociales défavorisées. Proudhon et Michel Onfray sont donc une exception. Cette situation les rapproche d’autant plus qu’ils sont tous deux fiers de cette origine et qu’ils estiment que ce parcours exceptionnel leur donne des devoirs envers ce peuple dont ils sont issus. Ainsi, devenus des intellectuels célèbres, ils conservent une grande proximité avec leur milieu d’origine, tout en se gardant de toute démagogie. Leur préoccupation principale est donc la mise en pratique de la « démopédie », néologisme créé par Proudhon : il s’agit de donner la parole au peuple, c’est-à-dire l’outil intellectuel nécessaire pour exprimer sa pensée et ses besoins. Le rôle d’un philosophe plébéien consiste donc à aider le peuple à réfléchir sur le fonctionnement de la société et de la démocratie, afin qu’il cesse d’être dominé par l’élite politique et économique. Dans ce but, le philosophe plébéien propose des pistes pour instaurer une véritable démocratie grâce au mutualisme, et au fédéralisme appliqué aussi bien dans la vie économique que dans la vie politique.
En finir avec ce corps qui sent la mort ? Éthique et esthétique du corps chez Michel Onfray
Authors: Gleyse Jacques 
Published: September 2020

La philosophie de Michel Onfray fait une place très importante au corps. Mais de quel corps s’agit-il ? Avec certitude il ne s’agit pas d’un corps souffrant et torturé : christique ou du corps péjoré de la religion chrétienne, encore moins d’un corps éthéré et privé de ses sens, corps céleste et abstrait. Bien au contraire, il s’agit davantage du corps des cyniques, des cyrénaïques ou des épicuriens, d’un corps nietzschéen ou « la mettrien » qui fait une large place à au moins quatre des cinq sens, à l’érotisme à la sensualité. C’est un corps qui rejette la hiérarchie habituelle des sens allant de l’odorat (sens mineur) à la vue (sens majeur) et la renverse faisant la part belle au goût et à l’odorat et mettant à distance ou du moins à la place que selon l’auteur elles méritent : l’ouïe et la vue. Un sens pourtant est peu présent chez Onfray : le toucher où plutôt le toucher lorsqu’il s’agit pour le philosophe d’être lui-même touché. Là se développe la tactique du porc épic ou du hérisson. Pour autant, il reste, en s’appuyant sur la méthodologie de Le Ventre des philosophes , à comprendre la genèse de ce corps hédoniste solaire, de ce corps qui rejette la mort et les limbes et le crucifié.
Lire Ainsi parlait Zarathoustra avec Michel Onfray
Authors: Héber-Suffrin Pierre 
Published: September 2020

S’appuyant sur un aphorisme d’ Humain, trop humain Onfray veut voir en Nietzsche un nouvel Epicure dont toute la philosophie peut se ramener au quadruple remède – « Tetra Pharmakon » – épicurien. Et il trouve là un « fil d’Ariane » permettant de « comprendre ce qui […] tient ensemble l’œuvre complète », de saisir la sagesse que propose cet authentique « philo-sophe » si souvent mal compris quand il n’est pas calomnié. A relire Ainsi parlait Zarathoustra en suivant ce fil d’Ariane, il se vérifie qu’il permet effectivement de dégager et l’essentiel et la cohérence de ce livre bien sibyllin sans rien négliger de sa profonde originalité ; chaque grand thème nietzschéen apparaissant comme un approfondissement et un enrichissement d’un des quatre grands thèmes épicuriens antiques : l’indifférence vis-à-vis du divin se changeant en « mort de Dieu », la mort sereine en « libre mort », la souffrance acceptée en occasion de « dépassement de soi-même » et le plaisir en immense « oui et amen ».
Easy love and hard marriage. Love and marriage of Chinese youth in the digital era
Authors: Jingting Zhang 
Published: September 2020

L’amour et le mariage sont importants dans les stades de développement de la vie de l’être humain, en lien direct avec son bonheur personnel et la stabilité de sa famille. Depuis la « Politique de réforme et d’ouverture » en 1978, la société chinoise connaît une transformation rapide. Non seulement les opinions des gens sur le mariage et l’amour sont de plus en plus diversifiées, mais leur autonomie dans le mariage et l’amour a également été considérablement renforcée. Cette transformation s’est encore intensifiée avec l’influence de la numérisation, en particulier chez les jeunes, car ils sont plus exposés à Internet et ont désormais plus d’occasions d’approcher les gens pour comprendre leurs amoureux potentiels et/ou partenaires conjugaux, ce qui était impossible auparavant en raison des limitations physiques. Malgré l’existence de certains éléments avancés par les jeunes générations dans leur réflexion sur le mariage, la persistance de l’obéissance à l’opinion de leurs parents, qui est largement conservatrice, ne peut être ignorée, et plus vraisemblablement cette dernière reste la règle. En outre, il existe également un dilemme entre la « condition matérielle » et « l’amour » auquel sont confrontés les jeunes Chinois pas moins que les générations plus âgées. Par conséquent, dans l’article, nous analyserons la situation de l’amour et du mariage des jeunes Chinois, plus précisément, quelles sont les difficultés auxquelles ils sont confrontés, quels groupes de jeunes ont plus de mal à se marier et leur influence sociale dans l’ère du numérique ?
Esthétique de l’amour filial : un regard de sociologie du corps et des émotions
Authors: Scribano Adrián 
Published: September 2020

Dans la vie quotidienne en Amérique latine et dans les pays du Sud, il est possible de vérifier l’existence de milliers d’actions collectives : interdictions, pratiques interstitielles, mouvements et protestations sociales. Loin de tout romantisme, misérabilisme et populisme, la compréhension de l’esthétique de l’amour filial nous permet de rompre avec l’humanisme diminué, la résignation et la consommation mimétique comme piliers fondamentaux d’une société normalisée dans la jouissance immédiate par la consommation. Cet article cherche à faire une exposition partielle d’une ethnographie numérique/virtuel que nous avons faite dans six pays d’Amérique latine sur l’amour filial comme énergie de base qui déplace l’ensemble des pratiques interstitielles évoquées du point de vue de l’« esthétique » impliquée en elles.