bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disaster risk reduction activities as learning
Authors: Kitagawa Kaori 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to relate disaster risk reduction activities to learning perspectives and theories. The paper refers to ‘disaster risk reduction activities’ encompassing various terms used in the existing disaster risk management literature, such as ‘disaster education’ and ‘capacity building’. One thing they have in common is the involvement of the general public in preparing for natural hazards. Disaster risk reduction activities involve learning, because they aim to change people’s behaviour, perception and emotion. An overview of the relationships between disaster risk reduction activities and learning theories has not been offered, and that is what this paper aims to achieve. ‘How people learn’ has been studied in the fields of psychology and education over the years. Evolving from the primary focus of acquisition of knowledge and skills, the understanding of ‘what learning is’ has broadened to envisage emotional and social dimensions. Referring to the historical development of five major learning perspectives, the paper links each perspective with specific disaster risk reduction activities. The foci of the studies of disaster risk reduction activities have beenwhatpeople should learn, rather thanhowpeople learn. Engagement with learning perspectives and theories will allow conceptualising how people learn to be prepared and resilient, which will benefit disaster risk management.
Origin of carbon in agricultural soil profiles deduced from depth gradients of C:N ratios, carbon fractions, δ13C and δ15N values
Authors: Schneider Florian , Amelung Wulf , Don Axel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsAgricultural soils in Germany store 2.54 Pg of organic carbon (C). However, information about how and when this C entered the soils is limited. This study illustrates how depth profiles of organic matter can shed light on different entry paths of organic C.MethodsMachine learning was used to explain total organic C (TOC), C:N, particulate organic C (POC), δ13C and δ15N values down to 100 cm depth based on pedology, geology, climate and management-related variables from the German Agricultural Soil Inventory. We estimated TOC turnover rates based on the relationship between the proportion of maize (only C4plant) in crop rotations and soil δ13C values.ResultsIn the upper 30 cm of cropland, fresh photosynthates added on average 0.2 to 0.8 Mg C ha− 1year− 1. Organic fertiliser was another source of topsoil C, especially in grassland. Sandy sites in north-west Germany contained historic C from past heathland and peatland. One third of German agricultural land was found to be on colluvial and alluvial deposits, in which allochthonous C from upstream and upslope areas evidently increased the TOC content of subsoils. In and below hardpans, TOC content and C:N and POC:TOC ratios were low, indicating restricted root-derived C input.ConclusionsOur data indicate that ongoing management in German agricultural soils mainly affects topsoil C, while C storage in subsoils reveals significant legacies from allochthonous, buried or translocated C inputs. Specific attention should be focused on the sustainable loosening of hardpans that could result in a slow, but significant increase in subsoil C stocks.
Feldspar-banana peel composite adsorbent for efficient crude oil removal from solution
Authors: Dawodu Folasegun A. , Abonyi Chika J. , Akpomie Kovo G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe problem of oil spill pollution associated with the transport of crude oil and its products across the globe is of serious concern. The sorption technique has proved to be promising for oil spill treatment but is limited by the hydrophilic nature of most natural organic sorbents. The combo of natural organic and inorganic sorbents have been found to enhance the hydrophobicity for oil sorption. Therefore this study was aimed at the preparation of a novel feldspar-banana peel biochar composite (FBPC) with enhanced hydrophobicity for the sorption of crude oil. The prepared sorbent was characterised by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, while the crude oil was characterised using standard methods. Batch sorption was used to determine the effect of contact time (30–150 min), temperature (25–100 °C), pH (2.0–10.0), oil concentration (4.0–12.0 g/L) and sorbent dosage (0.1–0.5 g) on sorption. SEM analysis of FBPC revealed a porous structure, while XRD confirmed the crystalline phases of feldspar. The crude oil samples had pH (6.40–6.60), density (0.960 0 0.962 g/cm3), kinematic viscosity (24.0–27.6 cSt) and API gravity (24.25–24.51°). The Langmuir model with R2 > 0.7781 presented the best fit than the Temkin and Freundlich model in the isotherm analysis, while the pseudo-second-order model with R2 > 0.9711 was applicable in the kinetics of sorption. The thermodynamic analysis revealed a decrease in randomness at the crude oil-FBPC interface. The prepared FBPC was found to be an efficient inorganic–organic composite sorbent with enhanced hydrophobicity for the sorption of crude oil.
Tödliche Arbeitsunfälle im Handel und in der Warenlogistik
Authors: Schäfer Klaus , Mahlberg Jörg , Klockmann Hans-Christoph 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Berufsgenossenschaft Handel und Warenlogistik (BGHW) hat die tödlichen Arbeitsunfälle im Zeitraum von 2012 bis Mitte 2019 systematisch ausgewertet. Die sich in diesem Zeitraum ereigneten 315 tödlichen Arbeitsunfälle können im Wesentlichen in sechs verschiedene Schwerpunkte unterteilt werden: Straßenverkehrsunfälle, Absturzunfälle, Unfälle bei Bau, Montage und Instandhaltungsarbeiten, Unfälle durch Erfassen, Überrollen oder Quetschen durch Fahrzeuge und Baumaschinen, Unfälle mit Flurförderzeugen und Unfälle beim Be- und Entladen von Fahrzeugen. Darüber hinaus konnten auf Basis der zusammengeführten Daten viele weitere Erkenntnisse über tödliche Arbeitsunfälle gewonnen werden. Der Artikel fasst die Ergebnisse dieser Auswertungen zusammen. Das Wissen über die tödlichen Unfälle im Handel und in der Warenlogistik kann somit für die (Weiter‑)Entwicklung betrieblicher Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung derartiger Arbeitsunfälle genutzt werden. Darüber hinaus fließt das Wissen in das Präventionshandeln der BGHW ein.
Digital Supply Chain Management in the Videogames Industry: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Kelly Stephen , Klézl Vojtech , Israilidis John , Malone Neil , Butler Stuart 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs industries mature, they rely more heavily on supply chain management (SCM) to ensure effective operations leading to greater levels of organisational performance. SCM has been widely covered in many industrial areas and, in line with other burgeoning sectors such as Tourism, an industry focus provides the opportunity to look in-depth at the context-based factors that affect SCM. Developments in digital distribution and rapid technological innovations have resulted in an increased focus on Digital Supply Chains (DSCs), which bring about significant changes to how consumers, customers, suppliers, and manufacturers interact, affecting supply chain design and processes. Through a systematic review of the Videogames Industry Supply Chain Management literature, which serves as a pertinent contextual example of a DSC, we look at how supply chains are affected by structural, market and technological change, such as increased platformisation, disintermediation and the proliferation of digital distribution. We distil these findings into a new research agenda, which identifies themes in line with extant DSC research, provides a series of relevant practice recommendations and identifies opportunities for future research.
Exploring the step function distribution of the threshold fraction of adopted neighbors versus minimum fraction of nodes as initial adopters to assess the cascade blocking intra-cluster density of complex real-world networks
Authors: Meghanathan Natarajan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe first propose a binary search algorithm to determine the minimum fraction of nodes in a network to be used as initial adopters ($$f_{IA}^{\min }$$

f

IA

min

) for a particular threshold fraction (q) of adopted neighbors (related to the cascade capacity of the network) leading to a complete information cascade. We observe the q versus $$f_{IA}^{\min }$$

f

IA

min

distribution for several complex real-world networks to exhibit a step function pattern wherein there is an abrupt increase in $$f_{IA}^{\min }$$

f

IA

min

beyond a certain value of q (qstep); the $$f_{IA}^{\min }$$

f

IA

min

values at qstep and the next measurable value of q are represented as $$\underline{{f_{IA}^{\min } }}$$

f

IA

min

̲

and $$\overline{{f_{IA}^{\min } }}$$

f

IA

min

¯

respectively. The difference $$\overline{{f_{IA}^{\min } }} - \underline{{f_{IA}^{\min } }}$$

f

IA

min

¯

-

f

IA

min

̲

is observed to be significantly high (a median of 0.44 for a suite of 40 real-world networks studied in this paper) such that we claim the 1 − qstep value (we propose to refer 1 − qstep as the Cascade Blocking Index, CBI) for a network could be perceived as a measure of the intra-cluster density of the blocking cluster of the network that cannot be penetrated without including an appreciable number of nodes from the cluster to the set of initial adopters (justifying a relatively larger $$\overline{{f_{IA}^{\min } }}$$

f

IA

min

¯

value).
Evaluation of an enhanced recovery program for outcome improvement after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hufkens Ann-Sophie , van Cleven Stijn , de Carvalho Luis Abreu , Vanlander Aude , Berrevoet Frederik 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
The introduction of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) has led to a reduction in hospital stay (LOS) without compromising surgical outcome. The primary endpoint of this study is to evaluate the adherence to postoperative targets of the ERAS protocol, and to describe short-term surgical outcomes. The secondary endpoints are 30-day readmission rate, reoperation rate and mortality.

Materials and methods:
This single centre retrospective analysis reviews all data of patients who underwent a PD in our tertiary referral hospital between August 2016 and December 2019. A total of 170 patients were operated of whom 154 patients were enrolled in the ERAS protocol. As per ERAS protocol, epidural analgesia was stopped on postoperative day (POD) 2, nasogastric tube (NGT) removed on POD3, regular food tolerated by POD5. Drains were removed on POD2 and POD3, the soft drain along the pancreatic anastomosis between POD3-10.

Results:
Epidural analgesia was removed on POD2 in 26 patients (17.7%), NGT removed on POD3 in 74 patients (49.0%), regular food tolerated by POD5 in 52 patients (34.9%). The lateral drain was removed in 81 patients (52.9%) on POD2, the medial drain in 39 patients (26.2%) on POD3, the soft drain in 95 patients (61.7%) between POD3 and 10. Nine patients (5.8%) had post-pancreatectomy haemorrhage (PPH), 14 (9.1%) postoperative pancreatic fistula grade B or C (POPF), 5 (3.3%) bile leakage, and 44 (28.6%) delayed gastric emptying (DGE). The 30-day readmission rate was 8.4%, reoperation rate 10.4%, and the in-hospital mortality 1.3%.

Conclusions:
The adherence to targets of the ERAS protocol was found to be rather low. Biliary leakage, POPF, DGE, and PPH all led to an adapted ERAS protocol with prolonged LOS. Most complications were detected along the ERAS pathway, indicating that also patients at high risk for complications can be safely included in the ERAS protocol.

Highlights
On the use of coordination strategies in complex engineered system design projects
Authors: Collopy Arianne X. , Adar Eytan , Papalambros Panos Y. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCoordination of distributed design work is an important activity in large-scale and complex engineered systems (LSCES) design projects. Coordination strategies have been studied formally in system design optimization and organizational science. This article reports on a study to identify what strategies are used in coordination practice. While the literature primarily offers prescriptive coordination strategies, this study focussed on the contribution of individuals’ behaviours to system-level coordination. Thus, a coordination strategy is seen as a particular set of individual actions and behaviours. We interviewed professionals with expertise in systems engineering, project management and technical leadership at two large aerospace design organizations. Through qualitative thematic analysis, we identified two strategies used to facilitate coordination. The first we callauthority-basedand is enabled by technical know-how and the use of organizational authority; the second we callempathetic leadershipand includes interpersonal skills, leadership traits and empathy. These strategies emerged as complementary and, together, enabled individuals to coordinate complex design tasks. We found that skills identified in competency models enable these coordination strategies, which in turn support management of interdependent work in the organization. Studying the role of individuals contributes an expanded view on how coordination facilitates LSCES design practice.
Isomorphisms between determinantal point processes with translation-invariant kernels and Poisson point processes
Authors: OSADA SHOTA 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe prove the Bernoulli property for determinantal point processes on

$ \mathbb{R}^d $
with translation-invariant kernels. For the determinantal point processes on

$ \mathbb{Z}^d $
with translation-invariant kernels, the Bernoulli property was proved by Lyons and Steif [Stationary determinantal processes: phase multiplicity, bernoullicity, and domination. Duke Math. J.120 (2003), 515–575] and Shirai and Takahashi [Random point fields associated with certain Fredholm determinants II: fermion shifts and their ergodic properties. Ann. Probab.31 (2003), 1533–1564]. We prove its continuum version. For this purpose, we also prove the Bernoulli property for the tree representations of the determinantal point processes.
Sarnak’s conjecture for sequences of almost quadratic word growth
Authors: MCNAMARA REDMOND 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe prove the logarithmic Sarnak conjecture for sequences of subquadratic word growth. In particular, we show that the Liouville function has at least quadratically many sign patterns. We deduce the main theorem from a variant which bounds the correlations between multiplicative functions and sequences with subquadratically many words which occur with positive logarithmic density. This allows us to actually prove that our multiplicative functions do not locally correlate with sequences of subquadratic word growth. We also prove a conditional result which shows that if the (
$\kappa -1$
)-Fourier uniformity conjecture holds then the Liouville function does not correlate with sequences with

$O(n^{t-\varepsilon })$
many words of length n where

$t = \kappa (\kappa +1)/2$
. We prove a variant of the

$1$
-Fourier uniformity conjecture where the frequencies are restricted to any set of box dimension less than

$1$
.
Dedicated time for antimicrobial stewardship—How much and why? Lessons learned from South Korea
Authors: Patel Payal K. , Srinivasan Arjun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance is a global and pressing problem that requires large-scale, federal coordination of efforts and tailored local interventions and surveillance. Given the urgency of the threat, many countries now have national policies to reduce inappropriate antimicrobial use. However, few countries have followed this with resources at the institutional level to support the implementation of practices to achieve this goal. In the United States, accreditation bodies such as Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and The Joint Commission have added antimicrobial stewardship standards to encourage uptake of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs).
THE LAST HUNTER-GATHERERS AND EARLY FARMERS OF THE MIDDLE SOUTHERN BUH RIVER VALLEY (CENTRAL UKRAINE) IN VIII–V MILL. BC
Authors: Kiosak Dmytro , Kotova Nadiia , Tinner Willy , Szidat Soenke , Nielsen Ebbe H , Brugger Sandra O , de Capitani Annick , Gobet Erika , Makhortykh Serhii 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTA new series of 19 radiocarbon dates provides new insights on the human settlement activity in central Ukraine. The paper presents data from the Early Holocene until the establishment of Trypillian mega-sites in the late Vth mill. BC. Our new dates from a long sequence of the site of Melnychna Krucha refine the chronology of the Middle and Late Mesolithic and local ceramic-bearing “Buh-Dniester” culture. Additional dates were obtained on bones from Linear Pottery culture sites and Trypillian sites of stages A3 and B1.
CHANGES IN SOLAR ACTIVITY DURING THE WOLF MINIMUM—NEW INSIGHTS FROM A HIGH-RESOLUTION14C RECORD BASED ON DANISH OAK
Authors: Fogtmann-Schulz Alexandra , Baittinger Claudia , Karoff Christoffer , Olsen Jesper , Knudsen Mads F 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTWe present a new biennial record of radiocarbon (14C) measured in Danish oak. The new record covers the years 1251–1378 CE, thereby spanning the Grand Solar Minimum known as the Wolf Minimum. Two oak samples from every other year were measured at the AMS facility at Aarhus University (Denmark), resulting in an average precision of 1.4‰ for the record. Spectral analysis of the new record revealed two peaks at 27 and 9.1 years, which could indicate the Hale cycle was lengthened and the Schwabe cycle shortened during the Wolf Minimum, but it is also possible that the amplitude of the Schwabe cycle was too small to be accurately identified with the acquired precision of this record. The record was bandpass filtered to investigate the variability of the amplitude in different bands, which showed a dampening of the amplitude during the second half of the Wolf Minimum in bands centered on the Schwabe and the Hale cycle, respectively. A reconstruction of the solar modulation function, Φ, also showed a periodicity of ca. 9 years, and indicated that the Wolf Minimum was preceeded by one cycle of decreased solar activity.
Maternal depressive symptoms and children's academic performance: sex differences in the mediating role of school experiences
Authors: Ahun Marilyn N. , Psychogiou Lamprini , Guay Frédéric , Boivin Michel , Tremblay Richard E. , Côté Sylvana M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMaternal depressive symptoms (MDSs) are negatively associated with children's academic performance, with stronger effects sometimes reported in boys. However, few studies have tested the mechanisms of this association. We examined the mediating role of school engagement and peer victimization in this association and tested for sex differences.MethodsParticipants were 1173 families from a population-based longitudinal Canadian study. MDSs were self-reported annually using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (child's age: 5 months to 5 years). Data on mediators (peer victimization, cognitive, behavioral, and emotional school engagement) were reported annually from ages 6–10 by multiple informants including children, parents, and teachers using items from validated scales. Mathematics, reading, and writing exam scores at age 12 were obtained from standardized exams administered by Québec's Ministry of Education and Teaching. Structural equation modeling was used to test mediation by school experiences in boys and girls.ResultsExposure to MDSs was negatively associated with mathematics, reading, and writing scores in girls and with mathematics only in boys. Cognitive and behavioral engagement significantly mediated the association between MDSs and mathematics, reading, and writing scores in girls. There were no significant mediators for boys.ConclusionsPrevention and intervention strategies aiming to improve school engagement might be beneficial for daughters of mothers experiencing depressive symptoms. Further research is needed to replicate these findings and to identify the mechanisms explaining this association in boys.
Examining individual variation in learner production data: A few programmatic pointers for corpus-based analyses using the example of adverbial clause ordering
Authors: Gries Stefan Th. , Wulff Stefanie 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTThis study examines the variable positioning of a finite adverbial subordinate clause and its main clause with the subordinate clause either preceding or following the main clause in native versus nonnative English. Specifically, we contrast causal, concessive, conditional, and temporal adverbial clauses produced by German and Chinese learners of English with those produced by native speakers. We examined 2,362 attestations from the Chinese and German subsections of the International Corpus of Learner English (Granger, Dagneaux, Meunier, & Paquot, 2009) and from the Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays (Granger, 1998). All instances were annotated for the ordering, the subordinate clause type, the lengths of the main and subordinate clauses, the first language of the speakers, the conjunction used, and the file it originated from (as a proxy for the speaker producing the sentence so as to be able to study individual and lexical variation). The results of a two-step regression modeling protocol suggest that learners behave most nativelike with causal clauses and struggle most with conditional and concessive clauses; in addition, learners make more non-nativelike choices when the main and subordinate clause are of about equal length.
Pulmonary hypertension and mitral regurgitation in an infant with an anatomically normal mitral valve
Authors: Hoang Ryan , Cohen William , Mukadam Shireen , Combs Pamela , Husayni Tarek , El-Zein Chawki , Vricella Luca , Hibino Narutoshi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA full-term, female presented on her date of birth with severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) and mitral regurgitation (MR), requiring veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. After the treatment, her PH and MR were resolved with no anatomic abnormality present. We propose a positive feedback loop of PH causing right ventricular dilation and interventricular septal shifts, worsening MR, and elevated left atrial, and potentially pulmonary, pressures.
Freedom from Autonomy: An Essay on Accountability
Authors: O’connor Brian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNeo-Kantian philosophers see accountability as a key property of autonomy, or of social freedom more broadly. Autonomy, among those theorists, is, I contend, implicitly co-conceived with responsibility, producing a quasi-juridical conception of autonomy and a limiting notion of freedom. This article criticizes the connecting of freedom with accountability on a number of grounds. First, various conceptions of autonomy not only operate without a notion of accountability, but, in fact, would be impaired by an accountability requirement. Second, the neo-Kantians are unable to defend the freedom enhancing properties that are supposedly brought about by the giving of reasons for one’s beliefs and actions. Third, the project of accountability is indifferent to personal outlooks, not because it takes a holistic perspective, but because of its interest in social convergence.