bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variability following selection for scrapie resistance in six autochthonous sheep breeds in the province of Bolzano (northern Italy)
Authors: Bordin Fulvio , Dalvit Chiara , Caldon Mauro , Zulian Laura , Colamonico Rosa , Trincanato Simone , Mock Barbara , Reale Stefano , Mutinelli Franco , Granato Anna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractScrapie is an ovine transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, and its susceptibility is associated with polymorphisms in the prion protein gene (PRNP). Genetic selection is currently the most effective mean for eradication of the susceptible VRQ allele in favour of resistant ARR allele. Maintenance of genetic diversity should be one of the major objectives in breeding programmes, especially in endangered breeds, and genetic information are an excellent alternative to pedigree data where these information are missing. The aim of our study was to determine changes of genetic variability in six native sheep breeds from autonomous province of Bolzano, northern Italy, following simulation of scrapie selection scenarios. A total of 684 rams were investigated for PRNP polymorphisms and for 10 microsatellite loci to estimate genetic variability. Across all loci, a total of 163 alleles were detected with a mean of 10.4 alleles per locus. Average observed (Ho) and unbiased expected (uHe) heterozygosity overall loci were 0.74 and 0.78, respectively, showing a statistically significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in all breeds. This heterozygosity deficit was confirmed by a positive fixation index (Fis), determining a moderate inbreeding in each breed. Simulating a soft selection, where only rams having at least a VRQ allele should be excluded from reproduction, Ho, uHe and Fis values remained almost unchanged, indicating that genetic variability should not be affected by the removal of these individuals. With a mild selection scenario, considering only rams with at least one ARR allele, we observed a decrease in the mean alleles per breed (8.9) and the maintenance of heterozygosity deficiency, except for two breeds, where it was any longer significant. These results showed that selection strategies allowing use of heterozygous as well homozygous ARR rams might be the right compromise to improve resistance to scrapie and to do not dramatically affect genetic variability of these breeds.
Koi herpesvirus and carp edema virus threaten common carp aquaculture in Croatia
Authors: Zrnčić Snježana , Oraić Dražen , Zupičić Ivana Giovanna , Pavlinec Željko , Brnić Dragan , Rogić Žaklin Acinger , Sučec Ivica , Steinhagen Dieter , Adamek Mikolaj 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCommon carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a very important fish species for warm‐water aquaculture in Croatia. All Croatian carp farms are subjected to a surveillance programme for the presence of koi herpesvirus (KHV), causing a deadly disease called koi herpesvirus disease (KHVD). However, there is no surveillance for other viral pathogens of importance like carp edema virus (CEV), a causative agent of koi sleepy disease (KSD). During regular testing within the KHVD surveillance programme, we tested samples for CEV simultaneously. The screening indicated possible outbreaks of KHVD and KSD. During 2016, KHVD broke out in an isolated area and soon thereafter a KHV eradication programme was successfully performed. However, during 2018 and 2019, two additional mortality events occurred in lakes in the southern part of Croatia during the spring. Samples from both events tested positive for CEV. An epidemiological investigation confirmed the introduction of infected carps from an infected farm to one of the lakes. To prevent the spreading of CEV into open waters, it is of utmost importance to introduce CEV testing before fish movement or to perform regular testing of all carp farms in the country to determine CEV prevalence for the purpose of implementation of control measures.
Effect of antibacterial treatments and natural chemicals on the quality and safety of marinated raw crab paste during storage at −20°C
Authors: Luo Haibo , Li Cheng , Zhou Tao , Kong Xiaoxue , Chen Yuru , Jiang Li , Yu Lijuan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe effects of antibacterial treatments and several natural chemicals on the quality and safety of crab paste during storage at −20°C were investigated. All antibacterial treatments significantly reduced the bacterial total viable count (TVC) of swimming crabs, with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) combined with ultrasonic cleaning having the best effects. Four chemicals significantly inhibited the increase in TVC, pH, and the accumulation of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) compared to controls, and their combined treatment had synergistic effects. The L
9(3
4) orthogonal experiment showed that the optimum combination was A1B3C3D2 (i.e., 0.1 g kg−1 nisin, 0.4 g kg−1 ε‐polylysine hydrochloride, 0.3 g kg−1 tea polyphenol, and 0.5 g kg−1 citric acid). The TVC, TVB‐N concentration, and pH in A1B3C3D3‐treated samples remained far below the maximum acceptable limit for good‐quality marinated, raw, aquatic animal product after 12 months of frozen storage at −20°C. Furthermore, the combined treatment (A1B3C3D3) significantly inhibited the reproduction of foodborne pathogenic bacteria and spoilage bacteria. The antibacterial treatments and natural chemicals reduced foodborne pathogenic bacteria and inhibited microbial spoilage, and therefore maintained the quality and safety of crab paste during frozen storage. Antibacterial treatments and natural chemicals could be commercially utilized to maintain the quality and safety of crab paste.
Participant and Caregiver Perspectives on Clinical Research During Covid‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Padala Prasad R. , Jendro Ashlyn M. , Gauss C. Heath , Orr L. Casey , Dean Kim T. , Wilson Kerrie B. , Parkes Christopher M. , Padala Kalpana P. 
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESThe COVID‐19 pandemic has massively disrupted essential clinical research. Many regulatory organizations have rightfully advocated to temporarily halt enrollment and curtail all face‐to‐face interactions. Views and opinions of patients and their caregivers are seldom considered while making such decisions. The objective was to study older participantsʼ and their caregiversʼ perspectives to participate in ongoing clinical research during the COVID‐19 pandemic.DESIGNCross‐sectional.SETTINGVISN‐16/Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs.PARTICIPANTSOlder participants and their caregivers (N = 51) enrolled in ongoing clinical research studies.MEASUREMENTSQuestions about perceptions of safety to attend research visit, the level of panic among the general public, and medical centerʼs preparedness in handling the pandemic. Other questions identified the source of pandemic information and the preference of a phone or in‐person visit.RESULTSMean age was 69.3 (±9.4) years, 53% were male, 39% were caregivers, and 65% were Caucasian. Majority (78%) of the participants felt safe/very safe attending the scheduled research appointment; 63% felt that the extra screening made them feel safe/very safe; 82% felt that the medical center was prepared/very prepared for the pandemic. Participants split evenly on their preference for phone versus in‐person visits. Family members and television news media were the commonly used sources of pandemic information irrespective of their education. Perceptions were influenced by gender and source of information, not by age or education. Females perceived higher level of panic compared to males (P = .02). Those relying on news media felt safer compared to those that relied on family members (P = .008).CONCLUSIONEven though informants felt that the medical center was prepared to handle the pandemic, only half the participants preferred the in‐person visit. Pandemic information was obtained from family members or the television news media. Knowing patientsʼ perspectives may help researchers be better prepared for future pandemics. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:E14–E18, 2020.
Stuck in Motion: Inhabiting the Space of Transit in Central American Migration
Authors: Frank‐Vitale Amelia 
Published: April 2020

ResumenEn este artículo examino lo que significa habitar el espacio de tránsito. Propongo un análisis enfocado en el “medio”, abordándolo como tal y no en relación con los lugares y momentos que quedan a ambos extremos. Este trabajo responde a estos cuestionamientos para centrarse en la travesía migratoria, agregando una lente antropológica a la condición humana de encontrase en el medio. Analizo la migración de los centroamericanos indocumentados en México y detallo cómo la criminalización de los migrantes y el enfoque en torno a sus cuidados durante el tránsito, empujan a las personas a un mayor movimiento. Utilizando reportes de los traficantes de migrantes y de migrantes victimizados, muestro cómo el régimen de migración regional produce y perpetúa el movimiento clandestino, lo que mantiene a muchos migrantes atascados en movimiento. A medida que más personas son obligadas a habitar en el espacio de tránsito, es fundamental comprender los roles que allí se producen, cómo se reacciona a ellos y cómo son percibidos e implementados por los estados, los actores humanitarios y los mismos migrantes. [etnografía de la movilidad, tráfico de personas, migración de tránsito]
Protective effects of ischemic preconditioning against neuronal apoptosis and dendritic injury in the hippocampus are age‐dependent
Authors: Lee Tsong‐Hai , Yang Jen‐Tsung , Lin Jr‐Rung , Hu Chaur‐Jong , Chou Wen‐Hai , Lin Ching‐Po , Chi Nai‐Fang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIschemic preconditioning with non‐lethal ischemia can be protective against lethal forebrain ischemia. We hypothesized that aging may aggravate ischemic susceptibility and reduce brain plasticity against preconditioning. Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a sensitive tool to detect brain integrity and white matter architecture. This study used DTI and histopathology to investigate the effect of aging on ischemic preconditioning. In this study, adult and middle‐aged male Mongolian gerbils were subjected to non‐lethal 5‐min forebrain ischemia (ischemic preconditioning) or sham‐operation, followed by 3 days of reperfusion, and then lethal 15‐min forebrain ischemia. A 9.4‐Tesla MR imaging system was used to study DTI indices, namely fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and intervoxel coherence (IC) in the hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) areas. In situ expressions of microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP2, dendritic marker protein) and apoptosis were also examined. The 5‐min ischemia did not cause dendritic and neuronal injury and any significant change in DTI indices and MAP2 in adult and middle‐aged gerbils. The 15‐min ischemia‐induced significant delayed neuronal apoptosis and early dendritic injury evidenced by DTI and MAP2 studies in both CA1 and DG areas with more severe injury in middle‐aged gerbils than adult gerbils. Ischemic preconditioning could improve neuronal apoptosis in CA1 area and dendritic integrity in both CA1 and DG areas with better improvement in adult gerbils than middle‐aged gerbils. This study thus suggests an age‐dependent protective effect of ischemic preconditioning against both neuronal apoptosis and dendritic injury in hippocampus after forebrain ischemia.
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Creating High‐Impact Literature Reviews: An Argument for ‘Integrative Reviews’
Authors: Elsbach Kimberly D. , van Knippenberg Daan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this article, we argue that integrative literature reviews are among the most useful vehicles for advancing knowledge and furthering research in a topic domain. Integrative literature reviews are strongly anchored in a representative description of a field, but add new insights via a critical analysis and synthesis of the field’s literature. Based on this definition, we explicate the ways that scholars can (1) define the ‘space’ for an integrative review (i.e., how they can justify and bound an integrative review), and (2) synthesize insights gained from the review to develop a new perspective or point of view on the literature. We illustrate these points with several of the most highly‐cited manuscripts published in the Academy of Management Annals. Finally, we close by arguing why these points make integrative reviews most useful for advancing knowledge and furthering research in the area of management.
Tectorigenin inhibits inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis in allergic asthma model of ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs
Authors: Wang Youpeng , Jing Weichao , Qu Wanying , Liu Zhiwei , Zhang Di , Qi Xiaoyu , Liu Lujia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tectorigenin on treating allergic asthma model of guinea pigs and investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods
Allergic asthma model of guinea pigs was established by sensitizing with ovalbumin (OVA). Then OVA-sensitized guinea pigs were injected with 10 mg/kg tectorigenin, 25 mg/kg tectorigenin or dexamethasone to investigate the effect of tectorigenin.

Key findings
High dose of tectorigenin effectively decreased the number of coughs, the number of inflammatory cells and the levels of pro-inflammatory factors. Moreover, tectorigenin could inhibit pulmonary fibrosis in guinea pigs sensitized with OVA. In addition, the functions of tectorigenin were realized through downregulating profibrotic factors of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, phosphorylated (p)-Smad2/3 and Smad4, upregulating fibrosis-inhibitor of Smad7 and decreasing pro-inflammatory factors of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), p-inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) kinase β (p-IKKβ) and NF-κB.

Conclusions
Tectorigenin could inhibit pulmonary fibrosis and airway inflammation through TGF-β1/Smad signalling pathway and TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway. Therefore, tectorigenin might be a promising medicine to treat allergic asthma.
YouTube as a source of information for narcolepsy: A content‐quality and optimization analysis
Authors: Szmuda Tomasz , Özdemir Cathrine , Fedorow Karolina , Ali Shan , Słoniewski Paweł 
Published: April 2020

AbstractYouTube is the world's most popular video‐sharing site that in recent years has become an important platform for patients in finding educational information about their disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality and reliability of narcolepsy‐related YouTube videos. We searched the key terms “Narcolepsy”, “Narcolepsy‐cataplexy,” “Narcolepsy excessive daytime sleepiness” and “Narcolepsy excessive drowsiness” on YouTube. 80 videos were analyzed as they meet the inclusion criteria. Quantitative and qualitative metrics were recorded and the videos were scored using the DISCERN instrument by two independent raters. Our findings show that the majority of videos contained clear information (84%), symptoms (78%) and patient experience (69%). Most videos were published by an educational channel not representing a hospital or clinic (41%) or by a patient suffering from the disease (25%). Videos containing animations had a statistically significant correlation between average daily views (p = .0004) and the video power index (p = .0048), suggesting that this feature increased the popularity among viewers. The mean DISCERN score was 27 ± 8, indicating that the quality of narcolepsy related‐videos is poor. Therefore, patients that use YouTube as an educational tool are currently not attaining a comprehensive understanding of the disease. For this reason, we have indicated the top 5 videos that physicians can recommend to their patients. Our paper highlights the gaps of knowledge concerning narcolepsy information on YouTube. Therefore, this information can be used to create better educational content in the future.
Randomized clinical trial: Effects of Aloe barbadensis Mill. extract on symptoms, fecal microbiota and fecal metabolite profiles in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Ahluwalia Bani , Magnusson Maria K. , Böhn Lena , Störsrud Stine , Larsson Fredrik , Savolainen Otto , Ross Alastair , Simrén Magnus , Öhman Lena 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAloe barbadensis Mill. (Aloe) with potential prebiotic effects has been suggested to reduce symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We therefore aimed to determine the effects of an Aloe extract on symptoms of IBS, and evaluate whether effects may be mediated by fecal microbiota and metabolites in a randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial.MethodsPatient with IBS diagnosed according to the ROME III criteria (all subtypes), received Aloe or control treatment (inulin) for 4 weeks. IBS Symptom Severity Score (IBS‐SSS) was assessed, and fecal samples collected before and at end of treatment. Fecal microbiota composition and metabolomic profile were determined.Key resultsIn total, 160 IBS patients completed the study. The overall severity of IBS symptoms was reduced in both Aloe and control treatment groups (P < .001, both groups, comparing baseline vs end of treatment), without difference between groups (P = .62). The frequency of responders (IBS‐SSS reduction ≥ 50) did not differ between Aloe treatment (n = 33, 39%) and control (n = 34, 45%) (P = .49). However, fecal microbiota and metabolite profiles differed between Aloe, but not control treatment responders and non‐responders both before and after treatment.ConclusionIn a mixed group of IBS patients, Aloe was not superior to control treatment, although it showed potential to reduce IBS symptom severity in subsets of IBS patients which could be predicted by fecal microbiota and metabolite profiles. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT01400048.
Redox‐active cysteines in TGACG‐BINDING FACTOR 1 (TGA1) do not play a role in salicylic acid or pathogen‐induced expression of TGA1‐regulated target genes inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Budimir Jelena , Treffon Katrin , Nair Aswin , Thurow Corinnna , Gatz Christiane 
Published: April 2020

SummarySalicylic acid (SA) is an important signaling molecule of the plant immune system.In Arabidopsis thaliana, SA biosynthesis is indirectly modulated by the closely related transcription factors TGACG‐BINDING FACTOR 1 and 4 (TGA1 and TGA4, respectively). They activate expression ofSYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT1, the gene product of which regulates the key SA biosynthesis geneISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1.Since TGA1 interacts with the SA receptor NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS‐RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) in a redox‐dependent manner and since the redox state of TGA1 is altered in SA‐treated plants, TGA1 was assumed to play a role in the NPR1‐dependent signaling cascade. Here, we identified 193 out of 2090 SA‐induced genes that require TGA1/TGA4 for maximal expression after SA treatment. One robustly TGA1/TGA4‐dependent gene encodes for the SA hydroxylase DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANT 6‐LIKE OXYGENASE 1, suggesting an additional regulatory role of TGA1/TGA4 in SA catabolism.Expression of TGA1/TGA4‐dependent genes in mock/SA‐treated orPseudomonas‐infected plants was rescued in thetga1 tga4double mutant after introduction of a mutant genomicTGA1fragment encoding a TGA1 protein without any cysteines. Thus, the functional significance of the observed redox modification of TGA1 in SA‐treated tissues remains enigmatic.
Biogeography and phylogeny of masting: do global patterns fit functional hypotheses?
Authors: Pearse Ian S. , LaMontagne Jalene M. , Lordon Michael , Hipp Andrew L. , Koenig Walter D. 
Published: April 2020

Summary

Interannual variability of seed crops (CVp) has profound consequences for plant populations and food webs, where high CVp is termed ‘masting’. Here we ask: is global variation in CVp better predicted by plant or habitat differences consistent with adaptive economies of scale, in which flower and seed benefits increase disproportionately during mast years; or by passive mechanisms, in which seed production responds to variation in resource availability associated with climate variability?

To address this question, we compiled a dataset for phylogenetic comparative analysis of long‐term fruit/seed production for plants comprising 920 time series spanning 311 plant species.

Factors associated with both adaptive benefits of CVp (wind pollination and seed dispersal) and climatic variability (variability of summer precipitation) were among the best predictors of global variation in CVp. We observed a hump‐shaped relationship between CVp and latitude and intermediate phylogenetic and geographic signals in CVp.

CVp is patterned nonrandomly across the globe and over the plant tree of life, where high CVp is associated with species benefiting from economies of scale of seed or flower production and with species that experience variable rainfall over summer months when seeds usually mature.
About the interplay between internal and external spatial codes in the mind: implications for serial order
Authors: Guida Alessandro , Abrahamse Elger , van Dijck Jean‐Philippe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that serial order in verbal working memory is spontaneously coded along the horizontal axis (i.e., the spatial positional association response codes (SPoARC) effect), with the initial items being associated with left and the last items being associated with right. These studies have led to the idea that when the cognitive system is confronted with a sequence of items processed verbally and semantically, it internally generates a spatial coordinate frame onto which memoranda can be bound to maintain their serial information. In this study, the interplay between internal and external spatial codes in the mind was investigated by testing the flexibility of the SPoARC effect. A verbal Sternberg probe detection task was used in which the displayed direction of the items during encoding (centrally, from left‐to‐right and from right‐to‐left) and the presentation rate (1‐ and 5‐s/item) were manipulated. SPoARC effects were found in all conditions but were reversed in the right‐to‐left presentation condition. Follow‐up analyses revealed no evidence of any spatial cost for the reversal; moreover, it was not influenced by the presentation rates. These findings suggest that space can be flexibly recruited for the spontaneous coding of serial order. The theoretical implications of these observations are discussed.
At Least 5‐Year Follow‐up After Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection Due to Lumbar Radicular Pain Caused by Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Jang Seung Hwa , Chang Min Cheol 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesTransforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) can be used to control radicular pain following lumber spinal stenosis (LSS). However, limited information is available on the long‐term prognosis of TFESI in patients with LSS.MethodsOf the 90 patients who underwent TFESI for controlling LSS‐induced radicular pain at least 5 years previously, 54 patients completed a phone interview. We inquired about their degree of pain during walking or standing, current oral medication used for radicular pain, current TFESI injections, progression to surgery, and unemployment due to pain at least 5 years after the TFESI for LSS‐induced radicular pain.ResultsFive to seven years after the initial TFESI, the numeric rating scale (NRS) score had decreased from 6.7 to 3.7. Of the included patients, approximately 65% of the patients had an NRS score of ≥3, although roughly 15% of patients reported complete resolution of the initial pain. Approximately half of the included patients were currently receiving repetitive TFESIs every 2 to 6 months or were taking oral pain medications. Further, approximately 25% of the patients had undergone a surgical intervention; however, its outcome was poor.ConclusionThe prognosis after TFESI for controlling LSS‐induced radicular pain is thought to be relatively poor. However, considering poor long‐term outcome and complications after surgery, we believe that TFESI is worth considering as a safe modality for controlling radicular pain following LSS.