bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 countermeasures, Major League Baseball, and the home field advantage: Simulating the 2020 season using logit regression and a neural network
Authors: Ehrlich Justin , Ghimire Shankar 
Published: May 2020

Background: In the wake of COVID-19, almost all major league sports have been either cancelled or postponed. The sports industry suffered a major blow with the uncertainty of sporting events being held in the near future. Various scenarios of how and when sports might recommence have been discussed. This paper examines various scenarios of how Major League Baseball team performance is going to be impacted by the presence of fans, or the lack thereof, in the context of physical distancing and other COVID-19 countermeasures Methods: The paper simulates, using a neural network and a logit regression model, the win-loss probabilities for various scenarios under consideration and also estimates the home effect for each team using data for the 2017-2019 seasons. Results: The model demonstrates that individual team home effect is symmetric between home and away and teams will not necessarily have a win or loss of any additional games in neutral stadiums, as teams with a high home field effect will lose more neutral games that would have been at home but will win more neutral games that would have been away. However, the result of individual games will be different since home effect is asymmetric between teams. Our simulation demonstrates that these individual game differences may lead to a slight difference in Play-Off Berths between a full season, a half season, or a full season without fans. Conclusions: Without fans, any advantage (or disadvantage) from home field advantage is removed. Our models and simulation demonstrate that this will reduce the variance. This stabilizes the outcome based upon true team talent, which we estimate will cause a larger divide between the best and worst teams. This estimation helps decision makers understand how individual team performance will be impacted as they prepare for the 2020 season under the new circumstances.
Stage 1 Registered Report: The experiences and perceptions of parent-child interaction therapy for parents of young children with communication difficulties: A qualitative evidence synthesis protocol
Authors: O'Toole Ciara , Lyons Rena , Ó’Doibhlín Donna , O’Farrell Fia , Houghton Catherine 
Published: May 2020

Background: Parent-child interaction therapy refers to a group of interventions mediated by trained parents to address areas of developmental difficulties in children. In the field of speech and language therapy it is used in early intervention for children with speech, language and communication difficulties. The intervention involves training parents and caregivers on the importance of responsivity and language input in daily interactions and coaches them on strategies to implement these with the children. As the success of the intervention is heavily influenced by caregiver engagement, understanding and acceptance, it is important to consider their views. However, to date there has been limited work on synthesising parental views of this intervention. Methods: This is a protocol for a qualitative evidence synthesis of peer-reviewed qualitative papers addressing the experiences and perceptions of parent-child interaction therapy for parents of children with communication difficulties. We will complete a systematic search of 11 databases, review the reference lists and complete a cited reference search of all included studies. Two authors will independently screen tests for inclusion, initially by title and abstract, with full-text screening as necessary. Thematic synthesis will be used for all included studies. We will appraise the quality of included studies using CASP and confidence in the review findings using GRADE CERQual. Discussion: As the views of parents are pivotal in the success of this intervention, the findings from this synthesis should help to guide best practice and policy for the future implementation of parent child interaction therapy for children with communication difficulties..
Relationships between parameters of plasma lipoproteines profile and heart rate variability
Authors: Tsymbryla Volodymyr , Barylyak Liliya , Zukow Walery , Popovych Igor 
Published: May 2020

Background. Relationships between parameters of plasma lipoproteines profile and heart rate variability (HRV) are one of the subjects of research at the Truskavetsian Scientific School of Balneology. The contradictions and ambiguities obtained results indicate that research in this area remains relevant. The purpose of this study is to analyze the canonical correlation between HRV parameters, on the one hand, and plasma lipoproteins profile parameters, on the other. Material and Methods. The object of observation were 20 volunteers: ten women and ten men aged 33-76 years without clinical diagnose but with dysfunction of neuro-endocrine-immune complex and metabolism, characteristic for premorbid state. We recorded twice electrocardiogram to assess the parameters of HRV (software and hardware complex "CardioLab+HRV"). Then we estimated plasma lipoproteines spectrum: High-, Law- and Very Law-Density Lipoproteines Cholesterol levels. Results. Found that plasma level of HD LP Cholesterol is upregulated by vagal influences, whereas sympathetic influences causes a downregulation. Constellation of HRV parameters determines its level by 17%. The VLD LP Cholesterol plasma level is upregulated by sympathetic influences and downregulated by vagal tone; determination rate is 22%. The maximum degree of sympathetic (directly) and vagus (inversely) determination was found in relation to LD LP Cholesterol plasma level (31%). In general, the state of autonomic nerve regulation determines the plasma lipid profile by 63%. Conclusion. The content of Cholesterol in the composition of lipoproteins of different density substantially subject to the regulatory influence of the autonomic nervous system.
A Dynamic Mean-Variance Analysis for Log Returns
Authors: Dai Min , Jin Hanqing , Kou Steven , Xu Yuhong 
Published: May 2020

We propose a dynamic portfolio choice model with the mean-variance criterion for log returns. The model yields time-consistent portfolio policies and is analytically tractable even under some incomplete market settings. The portfolio policies conform with conventional investment wisdom (e.g., richer people should invest more absolute amounts of money in risky assets; the longer the investment time horizon, the more proportional amount of money should be invested in risky assets; and for long-term investment, people should not short-sell major stock indices whose returns are higher than the risk-free rate), and the model provides a direct link with the constant relative risk aversion utility maximization in a complete market. This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance.
Personal History of Diabetes as Important as Family History of Colorectal Cancer for Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Ali Khan Uzair , Fallah Mahdi , Tian Yu , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Brenner Hermann , Kharazmi Elham 
Published: May 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and colorectal cancer (CRC) share some risk factors, including lifestyle and metabolic disturbances. We aimed to provide in-depth information on the association of CRC risk, especially early-onset CRC, with DM, family history of CRC, and age at DM diagnosis.

METHODS:
A nationwide cohort study was conducted using Swedish family cancer data sets, inpatient, and outpatient registers (follow-up: 1964–2015), including all individuals born after 1931 and their parents (12,614,256 individuals; 559,375 diabetic patients; 162,226 CRC patients).

RESULTS:
DM diagnosis before the age of 50 years was associated with a 1.9-fold increased risk of CRC before the age of 50 years (95% CI for standardized incidence ratio: 1.6–2.3) vs 1.3-fold risk of CRC at/after the age of 50 years (1.2–1.4). DM diagnosis before the age of 50 years in those with a family history of CRC was associated with 6.9-fold risk of CRC before the age of 50 years (4.1–12) and 1.9-fold risk of CRC at/after the age of 50 years (1.4–2.5). Diabetic patients had a similar lifetime risk of CRC before the age of 50 years (0.4%, 95% CI: 0.3%–0.4%) to those with only a family history of CRC (0.5%, 0.5%–0.5%), double that of the population (0.2%, 0.2%–0.2%).

DISCUSSION:
Our large cohort with valid information on DM and family history of cancer showed that DM is associated with increased risk of CRC in a magnitude close to having family history of CRC. Associations of DM and CRC family history with increased CRC risk were most prominent in young adults. These findings warrant further studies on harms, benefits, and cost-effectiveness of CRC screening in patients with diabetes, especially type 2, at earlier ages than in the general population.
“In the Nature of a Crusade”: Wartime Extraction and the Seeds of Industrialization in the Gold Coast
Authors: Lambert Keri 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
During the Second World War, Britain consolidated control over imperial resources, especially after the fall of Southeast Asia to Japan in early 1942. In the Gold Coast, the colonial state sought to maximize rubber output by using market incentives and implementing methods that overturned longstanding property policy and decimated rubber sources. This article looks beyond the rubber campaign’s statist objectives and straightforward consequences to explore how people in the Gold Coast engaged with and imagined new economic possibilities through the export drive. During the campaign, farmers, traders, and investors involved in producing the commodity cultivated interest in the long-term possibilities of rubber. By 1946, the wartime drive had sparked another campaign, led by people in the Gold Coast, to ensure rubber would become not a lost relic of an imperial past, but part of a diversified economy that could eventually bolster citizens’ livelihoods and strengthen national sovereignty.
A School-Based Intervention for Mental Illness Stigma: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Link Bruce G. , DuPont-Reyes Melissa J. , Barkin Kay , Villatoro Alice P. , Phelan Jo C. , Painter Kris 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the effectiveness of a school-based curriculum, Eliminating the Stigma of Differences (ESD), in improving attitudinal and/or behavioral contexts regarding mental illness in schools and increasing the likelihood that youth seek treatment for mental health problems when needed.

METHODS:
We conducted a cluster randomized trial in sixth-grade classes from 14 schools in 2011 and 2012 with follow-up at 6-month intervals through 24 months (2012–2015). Using a fully crossed 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, we compared ESD to a no-intervention control and to 2 comparator interventions: (1) contact with 2 young adults with a history of mental illness and (2) exposure to antistigma printed materials. We implemented interventions in classrooms in an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse school district. There were 416 youth who participated in the follow-up, and 312 (75%) of these participated for the full 2 years. Outcome measures were knowledge and positive attitudes, social distance from peers with mental illness, and mental health treatment seeking.

RESULTS:
Youth assigned to ESD reported greater knowledge and positive attitudes and reduced social distance (Cohen’s d = 0.35 and 0.16, respectively) than youth in the comparator interventions and no-intervention groups across the 2-year follow-up. Youth with high levels of mental health symptoms were more likely (odds ratio = 3.51; confidence interval = 1.08–11.31) to seek treatment during follow-up if assigned to ESD than if they were assigned to comparator interventions or no intervention.

CONCLUSIONS:
ESD shows potential for improving the social climate related to mental illnesses in schools and increasing treatment seeking when needed. ESD and interventions like it show promise as part of a public mental health response to youth with mental health needs in schools.
ESTILOS DE APEGO DE MUJERES QUE PERMANECIERON EXPUESTAS A SITUACIONES DE VIOLENCIA EN SUS RELACIONES DE NOVIAZGO DURANTE LA ADOLESCENCIA TARDÍA
Authors: Artavia-Fallas Cindy , Carranza-Morales Marco 
Published: May 2020

El presente estudio aborda el tema de la violencia experimentada por mujeres dentro de relaciones de noviazgo, durante la adolescencia tardía, desde la teoría del apego. Se trabajó con cuatro participantes, para analizar características de los vínculos a lo largo del desarrollo, con el fin de caracterizar el estilo de apego presente en mujeres que permanecieron expuestas a situaciones de violencia dentro de sus relaciones de pareja.
Para lograr lo descrito anteriormente, se utilizaron tres instrumentos. Se recurrió, primero que todo, a una entrevista de historia de vida, para conocer factores de la historia personal que han influido en la construcción del estilo de apego. Posteriormente se aplicó la Entrevista de Apego hacia los Pares (Campos, 2005) y el Autoinforme de Estilos de Apego (Bartolomew y Horowitz, 1991), con el fin de evaluar propiamente el estilo de apego predominante en la persona.
Los resultados muestran estilos de apego inseguro; en dos casos de tipo temeroso y en dos, ansioso. Esto se relaciona con la historia personal de cada participante, con factores de género y el entorno sociocultural. Analizar la dinámica de estos elementos permite comprender su influencia en la permanencia en relaciones de violencia, y así lograr un análisis integral del tema.
PERCEPCIÓN E INTERESES DEL ADOLESCENTE ANTE DISTINTAS INTERROGANTES Y TOMA DE DECISIONES COMO ESTUDIANTE DE SECUNDARIA
Authors: Pérez López Esteban 
Published: May 2020

Los estudiantes de secundaria enfrentan un cúmulo de experiencias y decisiones determinantes a una edad temprana en medio de un entorno exigente y contemporáneo. Se indagó con respecto a su afinidad y dificultad por las principales materias, la modalidad preferida para generar su conocimiento, su afinidad por el uso de dispositivos electrónicos, redes sociales e internet, su proyección para la decisión de cursar estudios superiores, y otros. El estudio se realizó en tres diferentes colegios de la provincia de Alajuela (Grecia, Atenas, Pacto del Jocote) en Costa Rica.
Para la captura de la información se diseñó un instrumento de consulta (cuestionario), el cual se aplicó de manera física (en papel) a estudiantes de todos los niveles de secundaria.
Los resultados obtenidos destacan que el 64% de los adolescentes incluidos en el estudio consideran la Matemática como la materia más difícil. Un 47% de los adolescentes eligieron el área de las Ciencias como la materia que más les gusta. El 58% de los adolescentes prefieren la asignación de trabajos en grupo y exposición de los estudiantes como la opción más adecuada para el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje en el aula. También destaca que todos los encuestados tienen teléfono celular, el 95% tienen internet en su celular, un 94% de ellos usan Facebook y 54% usan Whatsapp. El 81% de los estudiantes ya tiene claro que les gustaría estudiar en educación superior. El principal motivo de elección de carrera sería por la afinidad con la profesión con un 30%, seguido del buen salario que ostenta el profesional con un 26%.
RIESGOS Y MEDIDAS PREVENTIVAS SOBRE USO DE REDES SOCIALES POR PARTE DEL ESTUDIANTADO QUE CURSA EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA EN EL DISTRITO DE HORQUETAS, SARAPIQUÍ, HEREDIA, COSTA RICA
Authors: Schmidt-Fonseca Ileana , León-Anchía Rodolfo , Astorga-Aguilar Cristel , Luna-Angulo Jorge Manuel 
Published: May 2020

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar el uso de redes sociales en línea entre el estudiantado que cursa educación secundaria y diversificada, mediante el establecimiento de riesgos y medidas preventivas para una correcta comunicación. La investigación corresponde a un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo y de carácter explicativo, la población estuvo compuesta por 1895 estudiantes distribuidos en el III nivel de Educación básica y Diversificada, correspondiente a colegios diurnos del Circuito Educativo 02 del Cantón de Sarapiquí, por lo que se optó por una muestra estadística estratificada de 320 estudiantes. Como resultados, se determina que el 99% de los encuestados utiliza dispositivos electrónicos para comunicarse por internet, con un 96% el teléfono celular. Se identifica que el 75% aprendió solo a utilizar internet y un 95% emplea redes sociales, un 96% WhatsApp, un 86% Facebook, el 67% Instagram y un 31% Snapchat. Asimismo, se evidencia que el 83% de los estudiantes se encuentra solo cuando accede a redes sociales y sólo el 33% de las instituciones educativas los forma en este tema, aunado a que un 80% de los padres de familia no establece controles en su uso. Se concluye que el estudiantado de secundaria utiliza principalmente el teléfono celular para comunicarse y acceder a redes sociales en línea como WhatsApp, Facebook e Instagram, asimismo, se establecen diferencias en relación con conocer y aplicar políticas de seguridad y privacidad en su uso, se demuestra falta de conocimiento por parte de los participantes en la acción educativa: el docente, el estudiante y los padres de familia, en cuanto a riesgos y medidas preventivas al momento de comunicarse por medio de redes sociales.
LA GUERRA COMERCIAL ENTRE ESTADOS UNIDOS Y CHINA: UN ENFRENTAMIENTO MÁS ALLÁ DE LOS ARANCELES
Authors: López-Peña Kendall Ariana , Mora-Vega Roy 
Published: May 2020

El artículo realiza una reflexión sobre la coyuntura en la que Estados Unidos inició una guerra comercial contra China, posicionando al comercio internacional como un instrumento de la política internacional, para obtener objetivos que van más allá de la cuestión económica. Se considera que esta situación de crisis comercial responde a un interés de posicionamiento geopolítico por parte de Estados Unidos.
Además, se afirma que esta situación representa una afrenta al orden liberal internacional, que históricamente ha sido liderado por los Estados Unidos, pero que en esta ocasión está erosionando deliberadamente sus posturas tradicionales de libre comercio; con el objetivo de afectar a su más cercano competidor internacional por la hegemonía global, representado por China.
OBSERVACIONES FENOLÓGICAS DE BLAKEA SCARLATINA (MELASTOMATACEAE) RESERVA BIOLÓGICA ALBERTO MANUEL BRENES, SAN RAMÓN, ALAJUELA, COSTA RICA
Authors: Brenes Cambronero Liz , Sánchez Porras Ronald 
Published: May 2020

Se estudió las fenoetapas de Blakea scarlatina y su asociación con factores biofísicos, de marzo 2014 a octubre 2015. La muestra se seleccionó por orden de aparición. Las fenoetapas se evaluaron cada mes, con escala de 0 a cuatro. Brotes foliares y caída de follaje se presentaron durante el estudio, este último excepto en junio 2014. La floración se presentó en el 64% de la investigación, esto hace a B. scarlatina una especie atractiva como ornamental. Se registraron diferencias intraespecíficas en las fenoetapas. La caída de follaje y brotes fueron inversamente proporcional con la temperatura. La floración se asoció con temperatura, caso inverso con humedad relativa. La fructificación se asoció con precipitación.
TAMAÑO ÓPTIMO DE UNIDAD EXPERIMENTAL PARA ENSAYOS EN ARROZ BAJO EL IMPACTO DE BIO-AGENTES QUE PUEDEN TENER INFLUENCIA SIGNIFICATIVA SOBRE LA VARIABILIDAD DEL SUELO EN BAGACES, GUANACASTE
Authors: Navarro-Flores Juan Ramón , Vargas-Rojas Jorge Claudio 
Published: May 2020

Se realizó un estudio con el objetivo de determinar si la adición de productos a base de microorganismos podrían aumentar, por medio de su dinámica natural y sus interaccione con las poblaciones de microflora y microfauna nativas, la variabilidad del suelo y por ende el tamaño óptimo de la unidad experimental para ensayos en arroz en el cantón de Bagaces, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Este ensayo se realizó en la misma finca donde se realizó el trabajo original en que se definió el tamaño óptimo de parcela para ensayos de arroz en la zona (Vargas y Navarro 2014). Se sembró cuatro ensayos de uniformidad, uno por cada producto utilizado; Trichoderma, Bioactivado, Nitrobacter y Micro Plus. Los datos obtenidos por este medio fueron empleados para aplicar el método de curvatura máxima. El punto de curvatura máxima -determinado por medio de la derivada parcial de la ecuación de regresión que relaciona el tamaño de la unidad experimental (X) con su correspondiente coeficiente de variación (Y)- para ningún producto superó el ámbito definido por Vargas y Navarro (2014) de 15 m2 a 20 m2. Los índices de heterogeneidad obtenidos en ningún caso superaron el valor de 0,83 (el ámbito de la escala para esta medida va de 0 a 1, donde 0 indica total homogeneidad y 1 total heterogeneidad) (Vargas y Navarro 2014) lo que demuestra que en una misma finca se pueden encontrar suelos muy diversos. Por último, el análisis de variancia mostró diferencia entre la producción obtenida con cada uno de los productos; con el producto Bioactivado se obtuvo una producción de 17 tm/ha que triplica la producción normal de la finca.
Características sociodemográficas e avaliação da dor através do questionário de McGill em mulheres com dismenorreia primária submetidas à auriculoterapia
Authors: De Sousa Fernanda Ferreira , Junior José Francisco Miranda de Sousa , Ventura Patrícia Lima 
Published: May 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A dismenorreia caracteriza-se como uma dor intensa durante a menstruação ou algumas horas antes, localizada na região de baixo ventre ou região inferior do abdômen, é uma patologia de origem primária ou secundária, em que 40 a 45% dos casos de dor pélvica crônica, se manifestam como dismenorreia. Objetivo: Investigar as características sociodemográficas de mulheres que possuem dismenorreia primaria, e avaliar as influências da auriculoterapia para a dor menstrual, mensurada antes e após o método por meio do questionário de McGill. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo clínico, randomizado, controlado e duplo cego, de delineamento longitudinal, com abordagem quali-quantitativa, realizado por meio de uma população de 118 estudantes. O tamanho da amostra foi calculado usando uma única fórmula média onde n é o tamanho da amostra necessário; d é erro marginal de 5% ( d = 0,05); z é o grau de precisão requerido a 95% de nível de confiança. Inicialmente, as voluntárias foram submetidas a responderem o questionário sociodemografico, e após, ao questionário de McGill, que avalia vários aspectos da dor, e receberam aplicações durante 2 meses e 3 semanas, 2 vezes por semanas, por 20 minutos. RESULTADOS: A média de idade das participantes desta pesquisa é de 19,8 anos, com predominância na etnia parda e com ciclo menstrual regular, e 55% apresenta dor dois dias antes da menstruação. Depois das aplicações de auriculoterapia os dados dos questionários de McGill após intervenção apresentaram valores estatísticos significantes nos domínio de aspectos sensitivos, afetivos, domínios avaliativos e aspectos miscelâneos. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo obteve o delineamento nos aspectos sociodemograficos da população que possui dismenorreia primária. E em relação às influências da auriculoterapia sobre as características da dor, o método apresentou se estatisticamente significativo.