bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral health, caries risk profiles, and oral microbiome of pediatric patients with leukemia submitted to chemotherapy
Authors: Wang Yan , Zeng Xinyi , Yang Xue , Que Jiajia , Du Qin , Zhang Qiong , Zou Jing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Chemotherapy is the primary treatment modality used for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but inevitably causes microbiota-related oral complications. This study aims to investigate the effects of chemotherapy on oral health status, caries risk, and oral microbiome in pediatric patients with ALL. Methods: Thirty-nine children with ALL receiving chemotherapy were enrolled, and a gender-, age-, dentition stage and socioeconomic class matched healthy counterpart (HC) were recruited. Demographic information and overall health condition were obtained through questionnaire or medical records. Oral examination was performed to assess caries and salivary status, plaque index and other oral manifestations. Cariogram was used to assess the overall caries risk. Supragingival samples of thirteen ALL subjects and their counterparts were randomly selected to perform a 16S ribosomal RNA gene 454 pyrosequencing. Raw sequence data were screened, trimmed, and filtered using Seqcln and MOTHUR. Results: The prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis, oral mucositis, xerostomia and candidiasis in ALL group was higher than that of control group (p < 0.05). Children with ALL demonstrated higher caries risk compared with healthy controls based upon Cariogram (p < 0.05). The oral microbial structure of ALL patients receiving chemotherapy is different from that of healthy controls. Oral microbiota of ALL group showed less alpha diversity and significant differences in the composition of the oral microbiome compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: ALL patients receiving chemotherapy demonstrated compromised oral health, high caries risk, alteration of caries related factors and dysbiosis of oral microbiota. These findings may possibly be of clinical importance in developing better strategies for personalized preventive management of oral diseases for pediatric children with ALL.
Cranioplasty with three-dimensional customised mould for polymethylmethacrylate implant: a series of 11 consecutive patients with cost-effectiveness consideration
Authors: Silva Erasmo Barros da , de Aragão Afonso Henrique , Loureiro Marcelo de Paula , Lobo Caetano Silva , Oliveti Ana Flávia , de Oliveira Rafael Martinelli , Ramina Ricardo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Different methods of cranioplasty for the reconstruction of bony skull defects exist. In the absence of the autologous bone flap, a customised manufactured implant may be the optimal choice, but this implant has several limitations regarding its technical standardisation and better cost-effectiveness.
Methods
This study presents a series of 11 consecutive patients who had undergone cranioplasty with customised three-dimensional (3D) template moulds for polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) implants manufactured after 3D modelling on a specific workstation. The virtual images were transformed into a two-piece physical model using a 3D printer for the biomaterials. PMMA implant was produced intraoperatively with the custom mould. Cosmetic results were analysed by comparing pre- and postoperative 3D computed tomography (CT) images and asking if the patient was satisfied with the result.
Results
The average total time for planning and production of customised mould was 10 days. The 11 patients were satisfied with the result, and CT images presented harmonious symmetry when comparing pre- and postoperative scans. Cases of postoperative infection, bleeding, or reoperation in this series were not observed.
Conclusion
Cranioplasty with high-technology customised 3D moulds for PMMA implants can allow for an aesthetic reconstruction with a fast and cost-effective manufacturing process and possibly with low complication rates.
Effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Antimicrobial Prevalence and Prescribing in a Tertiary Hospital in Singapore
Authors: Ng Tat Ming , Tan Sock Hoon , Heng Shi Thong , Tay Hui Lin , Yap Min Yi , Chua Boon Hou , Teng Christine B , Lye David C , Lee Tau Hong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The deployment of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) teams to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic can lead to a loss of developed frameworks, best practices and leadership resulting in adverse impact on antimicrobial prescribing and resistance. We aim to investigate effects of reduction in AMS resources during the COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial prescribing and resistance.Methods: One of 5 full-time equivalent AMS pharmacists was deployed to support pandemic work and AMS rounds with infectious disease physicians were reduced from 5 to 2 times a week. A survey in acute inpatients was conducted using the Global Point Prevalence Survey methodology in July 2020 and compared with those in 2015 and 2017-2019.Results: The prevalence of antimicrobial prescribing (55% in 2015 to 49% in 2019 and 47% in 2020, p =0.02) and antibacterials (54% in 2015 to 45% in 2019 and 42% in 2020, p < 0.01) have been reducing despite the pandemic. Antimicrobial prescribing in infectious disease wards with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases was 29% in 2020. Overall, antimicrobial prescribing quality indicators continued to improve (e.g. reasons in notes, 91% in 2015 to 94% in 2019 and 97% in 2020, p <0.01) or remained stable (compliance to guideline, 71% in 2015 to 62% in 2019 and 73% in 2020, p =0.08). Conclusion: AMS efforts over the years paid dividends during the COVID-19 pandemic to sustain the control of antimicrobial prevalence and quality of AMU in non-COVID-19 wards and plausibly also in COVID-19 wards.
The Regulation of Macrophage Polarization by Hypoxia-PADI4 Coordination in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Cheng Yu , Si Yuying , Wang Lan , Ding Menglei , Yu Shanshan , Chen Cuncun , Lu Liu , Guo Yide , Zong Ming , Fan Lieying 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Hypoxia, a common feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), induces the overexpression of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and macrophages. However, the roles of PADI4 and its inducer hypoxia in the regulation of macrophage polarization remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of hypoxia-PADI4 for macrophage polarization in RA patients.Methods: synovial tissue(ST) and synovial fluid(SF) were collected from 3 OA patients and 6 RA patients. The distribution of M1 and M2 in ST and cytokines in SF were examined by immunohistochemical analysis and BioPlex immunoassays. THP-1 macrophages and BMDM polarization were determined under normoxic (21% oxygen) or hypoxic (3% oxygen) conditions. The effects of PADI4 on macrophages were determined by transfection of adenovirus vector-coated PADI4 (AdPADI4) and the use of PADI4 inhibitor. To mimic the environment of RA joints, THP-1 macrophages polarization was examined after coculturing with RA-FLSs. Finally, the roles of PADI4 in joint synovial lesions on macrophage polarization were investigated in collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) rats.Results: We found increased macrophage polarization of M1 and M2 in the RA ST, compared with OA ST. The ratio of M1/M2 for RA and OA was 1.633 ± 0.1443 and 2.544 ± 0.4429, respectively. The concentration of M1- and M2-type cytokines was higher in RA than that in OA patients. Hypoxia contributed to the increase of the gene and protein expression of M1 and M2 markers. M1- but not M2-type gene expression showed a positive relationship with PADI4 expression while the level of expression of M2-type genes showed no significant difference. RA-FLSs could promote the copolarization of M1 and M2, and PADI4 inhibitor reversed M1 activation. The degree of joint swelling and destruction was effectively alleviated, and the number of macrophages especially M1 decreased in CIA rats after downregulating PADI4 expression.Conclusion: Hypoxia is responsible for the copolarization of M1 and M2. Hypoxia-associated PADI4 is responsible for M1 macrophage activation, implying that inflammatory environment can be eased by decreasing PADI4 expression and improving the hypoxic environment.
Effects of Co-substrates’ Mixing Ratios and Loading Rate Variations on Food and Agricultural Wastes’ Anaerobic co-digestion Performance
Authors: Chaher Nour El houda , Engler Nils , Nassour Abdallah , Nelles Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Tunisia is one of the developing countries which faces crucial challenges, the most prominent of which are the production of organic waste, the need for an appropriate waste treatment, and the demand for water and energy conservation. To this end, the present research was designed to develop a technical concept on closed cycle ‘biowaste to bioenergy’ treating food waste (FW) through combined biological processes. In this approach, semi-continuous anaerobic co-digestion (ACoD) of FW, wheat straw (WS), and cattle manure (CM) was tested to investigate the relationship between the effect of the feedstock mixtures and C:N ratio on biogas and digestate generation at different organic loading rates (OLRs) ranging from 2 to 3.6 kg VS/m3.d. Results showed that the mono-digested FW was optimal and reached 565.5 LN/kg VSin at an OLR of 2.4 kg VS/m3.d, and then a drop of biogas production was recorded. However, for co-digested substrates, the optimum mixture ratio was FW:CM 75:25, where 62%, 39.89%, 91.26%, 130.9% and 119.97% of the biogas yield improved for OLRs ranging from 2 to 3.6 kg VS/m3. d, respectively. Admittedly, the target of this work was to enhance the ACoD process, but it also examined the exploitation of different AD-effluents. Therefore, special attention was paid to the generated digestates to decide how it can be efficiently upcycled later. Thus, the closed cycle ‘biowaste to bioenergy’ treatment met two of the major Tunisian concerns: efficient organic waste management as well as sustainable bioenergy production.
Potential aggregation hot spots in recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor; a computational study
Authors: Dastjerdeh Mansoureh Shahbazi , Shokrgozar Mohammad Ali , Rahimi Hamzeh , Golkar Majid 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor is a highly aggregation-prone therapeutic protein. The high aggregation liability of rhKGF is manifested by loss of the monomeric form of the protein and accumulation of the aggregated species even at moderate temperatures. Here, we analyzed rhKGF for its vulnerability towards aggregation by detection of aggregation-prone regions (APRs) using several sequence-based computational tools including TANGO, SolubiS, ZipperDB, AGGRESCAN, Zyggregator, Camsol, PASTA, SALSA, WALTZ, SODA, Amylpred, AMYPDB, and structure-based tools including Aggrescan3D and molecular dynamics-based spatial aggregation propensity (SAP) algorithm. Results: The sequence-based prediction of APRs in rhKGF indicated that they are mainly located at positions 10-30, 40-60, 61-66, 88-120, and 130-140 which are rich in β-branched aliphatic, hydrophobic, aromatic and Glutamine/Aspargine (Q/N) residues. Mapping on the rhKGF tertiary structure revealed that most of these residues including F16-R25, I43, E45, R47-I56, F61, Y62, N66, L88-E91, E108-F110, A112, N114, T131, and H133-T140 are surface-exposed in the natively folded protein which can promote aggregation without major unfolding event or the conformational change may occur in the oligomers composed of natively folded monomers. The other regions are buried in the native state and their contribution to non-native aggregation is mediated by a preceding unfolding event in the monomeric state of the protein. The structure-based prediction of APRs using SAP tool limited the number of identified APRs to the dynamically-exposed hydrophobic residues including V12, A50, V51, L88, I89, L90, I118, L135, and I139 mediating the native-state aggregation. Conclusion: Our analysis of APRs in rhKGF identified the regions determining the intrinsic aggregation propensity in both folded (native) and unfolded state of the protein. These regions are the candidate positions for engineering the rhKGF sequence to reduce its aggregation tendency.
A Negative Feedback Model to Explain Regulation of SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Transcription
Authors: Li Xin , Cheng Zhi , Wang Fang , Xuan Yibo , Zhao Qiang , Zhou Hao , Liu Chang , Ruan Jishou , Duan Guangyou , Gao Shan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although a preliminary understanding of the replication and transcription mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 has recently emerged, their regulation remains unclear.Results: Based on reanalysis of public data, we propose a negative feedback model to explain the regulation of replication and transcription in—but not limited to—CoVs. The key step leading to new discoveries was the identification of the cleavage sites of nsp15—an RNA uridylate-specific endoribonuclease, encoded by CoVs. According to this model, nsp15 regulates the synthesis of subgenomic RNAs (sgRNAs) and genomic RNAs (gRNAs) by cleaving transcription regulatory sequences in the body. The expression level of nsp15 determines the relative proportions of sgRNAs and gRNAs, which in turn change the expression level of nps15 to reach equilibrium between the replication and transcription of CoVs.Conclusions: The replication and transcription of CoVs are regulated by a negative feedback mechanism that influences the persistence of CoVs in hosts. Our findings enrich fundamental knowledge in the field of gene expression and its regulation, and provide new clues for future studies. One important clue is that nsp15 may be an important and ideal target for the development of drugs (e.g. uridine derivatives) against CoVs.
Baicalein Inhibits Heparin-induced Tau Aggregation by Initializing Tau Oligomer Formation&nbsp;
Authors: Sonawane Shweta K , Uversky Vladimir N , Chinnathambi Subashchandrabose 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAmyloid aggregate deposition is the key feature of Alzheimer’s disease. The proteinaceous aggregates found in the afflicted brain are the intra-neuronal neurofibrillary tangles formed by the microtubule-associated protein Tau and extracellular deposits, senile plaques, of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide proteolytically derived from the amyloid precursor protein. Accumulation of these aggregates has manifestations in the later stages of the disease, such as memory loss and cognitive inabilities originating from the neuronal dysfunction, neurodegeneration, and brain atrophy. Treatment of this disease at the late stages is difficult, and many clinical trials have failed. Hence, the goal is to find means capable of preventing the aggregation of these intrinsically disordered proteins by inhibiting the early stages of their pathological transformations. Polyphenols are known to be neuroprotective agents with the noticeable potential against many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Prion diseases. MethodsWe analyzed the capability of Baicalein to inhibit aggregation of human Tau protein by a multifactorial analysis that included several biophysical and biochemical techniques. ResultsThe potency of baicalein, a polyphenol from the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, against many neurodegenerative diseases has been screened and validated. ThS fluorescence assay revealed the potent inhibitory activity of Baicalein, whereas ANS revealed its mechanism of Tau inhibition viz. by oligomer capture and dissociation. In addition, Baicalein dissolved the preformed mature fibrils of Tau thereby possessing a dual target action. Tau oligomers formed by Baicalein were non-toxic to neuronal cells, highlighting its role as a potent molecule to be screened against AD. ConclusionIn conclusion, Baicalein inhibits aggregation of hTau40 by enhancing the formation of SDS-stable oligomers and preventing fibril formation. Baicalein-induced oligomers do not affect the viability of the neuroblastoma cells. Therefore, Baicalein can be considered as a lead molecule against Tau pathology in AD.
Numerical Study of Reasonable Cycle Step Length for Longwall Top-coal Drawing in Extra-thick Coal Seams Based on the Particle-block Element Coupling Approach
Authors: Wang Yaochuang , Li Dongyin , Wang Shen , Zhu Shiting , Wang Zuguang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The cycle step length (CSL) is a significant parameter for longwall top-coal drawing technology that remarkably affects the top-coal recovery rate and the rock-mixing rate, especially for extra-thick coal seams. In this study, a particle-block element coupling approach is performed to investigate a reasonable CSL for extra-thick coal seams. By comparing this approach to the Bergmark-Roos analytical result, the proposed numerical model is verified, showing good performance in modeling top-coal caving. A 2-D numerical model of hydraulic support considering the mechanical behavior of the legs is established, which can be used for modeling the interaction between the hydraulic support and the top coals during the top-coal drawing process. The top-coal recovery rate, the top-coal drawing body shape, and the evolution characteristics of the coal-rock interface under different CSL conditions are compared. In addition, the mechanism of the lost top coal affected by the CSL is revealed. The results show that the CSL of top-coal drawing has a significant effect on the morphology of the coal-rock interface and the mutual invasion of coal and rock, which is the primary reason for coal loss and further affects the top-coal recovery rate and the rock-mixing rate. It is suggested that the CSL should be 0.8 m when the top-coal thickness is 12 m.
Caveolin-1 Mediated Endocytic Pathway is Involved in Encephalomyocarditis Virus Replication in BHK-21 Cells
Authors: Li Qiongyi , Liu Yang , Xu Shujuan , Zhao Kexue , Ling Ying , Liu Rongxiu , Ali Amjad , Bai Jialin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Encephalomyocarditis virus, member of Cardiovirus genus within Picornaviridae family, is an important pathogen that infects different domestic and wild animals. However, the molecular mechanism of its entry remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of EMCV infectivity in relation to endocytic pathway using BHK-21 cells. Methods: The function of numerous cellular key factors implicated in the various endocytic mechanisms were systematically explored using chemical inhibitors. Furthermore, RNA interference (RNAi) as well as the overexpression of dominant protein combined to virus infectivity assays, and confocal microscopy was used to examine EMCV infection in details. Results: The results indicated that the EMCV entry into BHK-21 cells depends on caveolin, dynamin, and actin but not clathrin nor macropinocytosis pathways. The effects of overexpression and knockdown of caveolin-1, one components of the caveolae, was examined on EMCV infection. The results showed that EMCV infection was positive correlation with caveolin-1 expression. Confocal microscopy analysis and internalization assay showed that caveolin-1 is required at the early stage of EMCV infection. Conclusions: Caveolin-1, dynamin, and actin-dependent endocytosis pathways are necessary for EMCV infection in vitro.
A Case of Right Shoulder Penetrating Injury Inflicted by a Hollow Metal Fence
Authors: Guo Peng-chao , Zhao Guang-feng , Zhang Mao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Right shoulder penetrating injury are rare and challenging diagnoses that should not be missed.Case presentation: The patient, a 30-year-old male, had a clear mind, stable vital signs, a gcs score of 15 points, unbearable pain in his right shoulder and chest wall, and no abnormal breathing. His right radial artery was unclear, and the right ulnar artery was thin and unclear, suggesting comminuted fractures of the right humeral shaft and scapula. After the multi-disciplinary discussion in the emergency department, we planned to perform an emergency operation to take out the foreign body from his right shoulder.Conclusions: Penetrating injury is very important to systematically and comprehensively assess the peripheral vascular nerve and muscle tissue at the site of injury. The foreign body should be carefully removed during the operation to avoid further damage to the patient, and it is necessary to perform fluoroscopy again after the removal of the foreign body. The placement of drainage, secondary debridement and sutures, and fixation can effectively reduce postoperative infection.
Comparison the Efficacy of Intranasal Ketamine Versus Intravenous Ketorolac on Acute Non-Traumatic Headaches: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Sarvari Houman Rafiee , Baigrezaii Hamidreza , Nazarianpirdosti Mohammad , Meysami Amirhossein , Safari-Faramani Roya 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Non - traumatic headaches are one of the most common causes of referral to hospital emergency. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of intranasal ketamine and intravenous ketorolac on acute non-traumatic headaches.Methods: This randomized and double-blind clinical trial in 2019 years. 140 people were randomly divided into intranasal ketamine (A) and intravenous ketorolac (B). Group (A) received ketamine intranasal (0.75 mg/kg, max 75mg), and group B received intravenous ketorolac (30 mg). Headache severity was measured on arrival, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after intervention with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The side effects were recorded an hour after the intervention.Result: The mean difference of pain intensity 30, 60, and 120 minutes after the intervention between the two groups were statistically significant (p<0.001). In the first 30 minutes, significant changes were observed in the VAS levels of the two groups. These changes were more and significant in the intranasal ketamine group (p <0.001). Side effects such as fatigue, dizziness, public discomfort, nausea, increased heart rate, and hypertension were significantly higher in the ketamine group (p <0.05).Conclusion: Intranasal ketamine and intravenous ketorolac both effectively reduced headaches. However, more analgesic effects of intranasal ketamine in a short time can be considered as a selective approach to reducing headaches.