bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous injection of the oncolytic virus M1 awakens antitumor T cells and overcomes resistance to checkpoint blockade
Authors: Liu Yang , Cai Jing , Liu Wenfeng , Lin Yuan , Guo Li , Liu Xincheng , Qin Zhen , Xu Cuiying , Zhang Yanming , Su Xingwen , Deng Kai , Yan Guangmei , Liang Jiankai 
Published: December 2020

AbstractReversing the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential to achieve long-term efficacy with cancer immunotherapy. Despite the impressive clinical response to checkpoint blockade in multiple types of cancer, only a minority of patients benefit from this approach. Here, we report that the oncolytic virus M1 induces immunogenic tumor cell death and subsequently restores the ability of dendritic cells to prime antitumor T cells. Intravenous injection of M1 disrupts immune tolerance in the privileged TME, reprogramming immune-silent (cold) tumors into immune-inflamed (hot) tumors. M1 elicits potent CD8+ T cell-dependent therapeutic effects and establishes long-term antitumor immune memory in poorly immunogenic tumor models. Pretreatment with M1 sensitizes refractory tumors to subsequent checkpoint blockade by boosting T-cell recruitment and upregulating the expression of PD-L1. These findings reveal the antitumor immunological mechanism of the M1 virus and indicated that oncolytic viruses are ideal cotreatments for checkpoint blockade immunotherapy.
Prognostic and immunological role of Fam20C in pan-cancer
Authors: Liu Xinpeng , Zhan Yuanbo , Xu Wenxia , Liu Xiaoyao , Geng Yawei , Liu Lixue , Da Junlong , Wang Jianqun , Zhang Xinjian , jin Han , Liu Zhongshuang , Guo Shouli , Zhang Bin , Li Ying 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The family with sequence similarity 20-member C (Fam20C) kinase plays important roles in physiopathological process and is responsible for majority of the secreted phosphoproteome, including substrates associated with tumor cell migration. However, it remains unclear whether Fam20C plays a role in cancers. Here, we aimed to analyze the expression and prognostic value of Fam20C in pan-cancer and to gain insights into the association between Fam20C and immune infiltration.
Methods: We analyzed Fam20C expression patterns and the associations between Fam20C expression levels and prognosis in pan-cancer via the ONCOMINE, TIMER (Tumor Immune Estimation Resource), PrognoScan, GEPIA (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis), and Kaplan–Meier Plotter databases. After that, GEPIA and TIMER databases were applied to investigate the relations between Fam20C expression and immune infiltration across different cancer types, especially BLCA (bladder urothelial carcinoma), LGG (brain lower grade glioma), and STAD (stomach adenocarcinoma).
Results: Compared with adjacent normal tissues, Fam20C was widely expressed across many cancers. In general, Fam20C showed a detrimental role in pan-cancer, it was positively associated with poor survival of BLCA, LGG, and STAD patients. Specifically, based on TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database, a high expression level of Fam20C was associated with worse prognostic value in stages T2–T4 and stages N0–N2 in the cohort of STAD patients. Moreover, Fam20C expression had positive associations with immune infiltration, including CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, and other diverse immune cells in BLCA, LGG, and STAD.
Conclusion: Fam20C may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker in pan-cancer and has positive associations with immune infiltrates.
H2 mass–velocity relationship from 3D numerical simulations of jet-driven molecular outflows
Authors: Cerqueira A. H. , Lefloch B. , Esquivel A. , Rivera-Ortiz P. R. , Codella C. , Ceccarelli C. , Podio L. 
Published: December 2020

Context. Previous numerical studies have shown that in protostellar outflows, the outflowing gas mass per unit velocity, or mass–velocity distribution m(v), can be well described by a broken power law ∝ v−γ. On the other hand, recent observations of a sample of outflows at various stages of evolution show that the CO intensity–velocity distribution, closely related to m(v), follows an exponential law ∝ exp(−v∕v0).
Aims. In the present work, we revisit the physical origin of the mass–velocity relationship m(v) in jet-driven protostellar outflows. We investigate the respective contributions of the different regions of the outflow, from the swept-up ambient gas to the jet.
Methods. We performed 3D numerical simulations of a protostellar jet propagating into a molecular cloud using the hydrodynamical code Yguazú-a. The code takes into account the most abundant atomic and ionic species and was modified to include the H2 gas heating and cooling.
Results. We find that by excluding the jet contribution, m(v) is satisfyingly fitted with a single exponential law, with v0 well in the range of observational values. The jet contribution results in additional components in the mass–velocity relationship. This empirical mass–velocity relationship is found to be valid locally in the outflow. The exponent v0 is almost constant in time and for a given level of mixing between the ambient medium and the jet material. In general, v0 displays only a weak spatial dependence. A simple modeling of the L1157 outflow successfully reproduces the various components of the observed CO intensity–velocity relationship. Our simulations indicate that these components trace the outflow cavity of swept-up gas and the material entrained along the jet, respectively.
Conclusions. The CO intensity–velocity exponential law is naturally explained by the jet-driven outflow model. The entrained material plays an important role in shaping the mass–velocity profile.
Inspiratory Muscle Training Improves Aerobic Capacity in Amateur Indoor Football Players
Authors: de Sousa Matheus Martins , Pimentel Matheus dos Santos , Sobreira Isabela de Andrade , Barros Rondineli de Jesus , Borghi-Silva Audrey , Mazzoli-Rocha Flavia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInspiratory muscle training represents a recommended clinical practice to improve physical performance of healthy individuals, athletes, and those with chronic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate whether high- and low-intensity inspiratory muscle training interferes with the aerobic capacity of indoor soccer players. Volunteers were equally and randomly divided into CON (control group, no inspiratory muscle training); HIG (high-intensity group, inspiratory muscle training at 80% of maximal inspiratory pressure, 3 sets of 12 repetitions); and LIG (low-intensity group, inspiratory muscle training at 50% of maximal inspiratory pressure, 2 sets of 20 repetitions). Before and after inspiratory muscle training, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, the incremental shuttle run test, and the 3-min step test were evaluated. Both inspiratory muscle training protocols improved maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and indirect maximal oxygen consumption and distance traveled in the shuttle test compared to CON. However, only HIG achieved significant increases of indirect oxygen consumption and frequency of step rise in the 3-min step test (p<0.05). Inspiratory muscle training is an important tool to enhance maximal inspiratory pressure and exercise tolerance with potential benefits on submaximal aerobic capacity. However, high-intensity inspiratory muscle training improved aerobic capacity in amateur indoor soccer players in both submaximal tests.
Role of the Mevalonate Pathway in Adrenocortical Tumorigenesis
Authors: Lima-Valassi Helena Panteliou , Lerario Antonio Marcondes , Montenegro Luciana Ribeiro , Fragoso Maria Candida Barisson Villares , Almeida Madson Queiroz , Mendonca Berenice Bilharinho , Lin Chin Jia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway, which generates cholesterol and non-sterol compounds such as isoprenoid, which are involved in key steps of tumorigenesis such as cell growth and proliferation. Our aim was to evaluate the role of the mevalonate pathway in adrenocortical tumors (ACTs). Expression pattern of HMGCR, FDFT1, LDLR, SCARB1, StAR, TSPO, CYP11A1, CYP11B1, CYP17A1, CYP21A1, and HSD3B1 genes, involved in the mevalonate pathway and steroidogenesis, was quantified by real-time RT-PCR in 46 ACT [14 adenomas (ACA) and 11 carcinomas (ACC) from adults and 13 ACA and 8 ACC from pediatric patients]. Effects of the mevalonate pathway inhibition on NCI-H295A cell viability was assessed by colorimetric assay. HMGCR was overexpressed in most adult ACT. The expression of TSPO, STAR, CYP11B1, CYP21A1, and HSD3B1 in adult ACC was significantly lower than in ACA (p<0.05). Regarding pediatric ACT, the expression of genes involved in steroidogenesis was not different between ACA and ACC. Inhibition of isoprenoid production significantly decreased the viability of NCI-H295A cells (p<0.05). However, cholesterol synthesis blockage did not show the same effect on cell viability. Low expression of TSPO
,
StAR, CYP11B1, CYP21A1, and HSD3B1 characterized a signature of adult ACCs. Our data suggest that HMGCR overexpression in adult ACC might lead to intracellular isoprenoid accumulation and cell proliferation. Therefore, the mevalonate pathway is a potential target for ACC treatment.
Synthesis of Chiral Amines via Asymmetric Hydrogen Borrowing
Authors: Wang Chao , Wang Kun , Xiao Miao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractChiral amines have been widely used in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and fine-chemical industries. With water as the only byproduct and requiring no extra reducing reagent, the reaction of alcohols with amines via a ‘hydrogen borrowing’ pathway is a green route to prepare chiral amines. This paper gives a brief summary of progress on asymmetric amination of alcohols to produce chiral amines via the ‘hydrogen borrowing’ strategy.
The Use of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural towards Fine Chemicals: Synthesis and Direct Arylation of 5-HMF-Based Oxazoles
Authors: Jacolot Maïwenn , Popowycz Florence , da Rosa Rafael , Grand Lucie , Schenkel Eloir P. , Sibelle Campos Bernardes Lílian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is a renewable platform chemical used as a source for obtaining diverse fine chemicals. In this letter, we report the synthesis of 5-HMF-based oxazole compounds. While 5-HMF could be easily converted into the oxazole derivative through the Van Leusen reaction, the direct arylation step needed to access the final compounds was problematic at first. After optimization, a palladium-catalyzed procedure has been developed and used for the synthesis of a series of 33 derivatives. This article reports an extension of the late-stage CH arylation reaction as an application to the oxazole platform derived from biosourced 5-HMF. The challenges in the preparation of the derivatives containing some electron-withdrawing substituents were overcome by the use of a palladium-free method.
Polyanions in Coagulation and Thrombosis: Focus on Polyphosphate and Neutrophils Extracellular Traps
Authors: Rangaswamy Chandini , Englert Hanna , Deppermann Carsten , Renné Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and polyphosphates (polyP) have been recognized as procoagulant polyanions. This review summarizes the activities and regulation of the two procoagulant mediators and compares their functions. NETs are composed of DNA which like polyP is built of phosphate units linked by high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds. Both NETs and polyP form insoluble particulate surfaces composed of a DNA/histone meshwork or Ca2+-rich nanoparticles, respectively. These polyanionic molecules modulate coagulation involving an array of mechanisms and trigger thrombosis via activation of the factor XII-driven procoagulant and proinflammatory contact pathway. Here, we outline the current knowledge on NETs and polyP with respect to their procoagulant and prothrombotic nature, strategies for interference of their activities in circulation, as well as the crosstalk between these two molecules. A better understanding of the underlying, cellular mechanisms will shed light on the therapeutic potential of targeting NETs and polyP in coagulation and thrombosis.
Non-neoplastic Soft Tissue Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions
Authors: Shah Amit , Paramesparan Kethesparan , Robinson Philip , Rennie Winston J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractClinicians are commonly faced with patients presenting with a solitary palpable soft tissue mass. Most soft tissue lesions are benign, and not every mass is due to a neoplastic process. Many pathologies can mimic a malignant tumor. Despite appropriate clinicoradiologic assessment, these lesions can be mistaken for a soft tissue sarcoma and can lead to multiple investigations or an intervention, inconveniencing patients and leading to an increased health care cost. With the relevant clinical history, clinical examination, and specific imaging characteristics, the diagnosis can be narrowed. We present a pictorial review of soft tissue sarcoma mimics with guidance on appropriate differential diagnoses.
Diagnosis, Staging, and Patient Selection for Locoregional Therapy to Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Berman Zachary T. , Newton Isabel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality and the only cancer for which the incidence and mortality are on the rise. Sensitive and specific screening and diagnostic approaches, robust staging regimens, multidisciplinary tumor boards, and patient/family education and engagement in the shared decision-making process help to identify a patient's optimal treatment options. Locoregional therapies have been the mainstay for treating intermediate-stage disease, but they are finding special applications for early and advanced disease. This review discusses the diagnosis of HCC, current accepted staging models, and treatment of HCC, with a focus on locoregional therapies.
Interventional Oncology Approach to Hepatic Metastases
Authors: O'Leary Cathal , Soulen Michael C. , Shamimi-Noori Susan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMetastatic liver disease is one of the major causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Locoregional therapies offered by interventional oncologists alleviate cancer-related morbidity and in some cases improve survival. Locoregional therapies are often palliative in nature but occasionally can be used with curative intent. This review will discuss important factors to consider prior to palliative and curative intent treatment of metastatic liver disease with locoregional therapy. These factors include those specific to the tumor, liver function, liver reserve, differences between treatment modalities, and patient-specific considerations.
Hepatic Metastasis from Breast Cancer
Authors: Liberchuk Ariel N. , Deipolyi Amy R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common cancer in women and breast cancer liver metastasis may be associated with poor outcomes. Emerging locoregional therapies can be given in outpatient settings or with short hospital stays, to provide local control, support quality of life, preserve liver function, and potentially prolong survival. This review discusses retrospective studies suggesting potential benefits of locoregional treatment of breast cancer liver metastasis. Future prospective studies are needed to demonstrate efficacy and optimize patient selection.
Treatment Options for Early-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Tabori Nora E. , Sivananthan Gajan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPatients with early stage hepatocellular carcinoma have good prognosis and are treated with curative intent. Although this cohort of patients is generally defined by limited tumor burden, good liver function, and preserved functional status, there remains utility in further stratification to optimize overall survival and limit post-operative morbidity and mortality. Transplant, resection, ablation, transarterial radioembolization, and transarterial chemoembolization, either as monotherapy or in combination, may play a crucial role in treating this cohort of patients depending on a multitude of factors. In this section, we review each treatment modality and provide general guidelines for patient selection.
Weight Cycling in Women: Adaptation or Risk?
Authors: Carey Katelyn J. , Vitek Wendy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObesity, dieting, and weight cycling are common among reproductive-age women. Weight cycling refers to intentional weight loss followed by unintentional weight regain. Weight loss is accompanied by changes in gut peptides, adipose hormones, and energy expenditure that promote weight regain to a tightly regulated set point. While weight loss can improve body composition and surrogate markers of cardiometabolic health, it is hypothesized that the weight regain can result in an overshoot effect, resulting in excess weight gain, altered body composition, and negative effects on surrogate markers of cardiometabolic health. Numerous observational studies have examined the association of weight cycling and health outcomes. There appears to be modest association between weight cycling with type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia in women, but no association with hypertension, cardiovascular events, and overall cancer risk. Interestingly, mild weight cycling may be associated with a decreased risk of overall and cardiovascular mortality. Little is known about the effects of weight cycling in the preconception period. Although obesity and weight gain are associated with pregnancy complications, preconception weight loss does not appear to mitigate the risk of most pregnancy complications related to obesity. Research on preconception weight cycling may provide insight into this paradox.
Evaluation of Treatment Changes in the Maxillary Intercanine and Intermolar Width in Patients with Various Malocclusions: A Study Model Analysis
Authors: Aggarwal Isha , Kharel Adarsh Deep , Mittal Sanjay , Bhullar Mandeep K. , Palkit Tanzin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Introduction Since extraction and nonextraction is a debatable topic to date, its effects on the changes in the dimension of arch width are unclear. Many investigators suggested that extraction would lead to arch collapse, whereas few others suggested that such changes in dimension would not occur.
Aim and Objectives  To evaluate the changes in the intercanine and intermolar width in premolar extraction cases in class I and class II div 1 malocclusion cases.
Materials and Methods The study included pretreatment and posttreatment study models of 25 patients (14 with class I malocclusion, 11 with class II division 1 malocclusion). Intercanine and intermolar widths were measured and evaluated for both the malocclusions. The difference posttreatment intercanine width and intermolar width between class I and class II division 1 malocclusion were also assessed. The values obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.
Results There was no statistically significant difference in the intercanine and intermolar width pre- and posttreatment for class I patients, but there was a statistically significant difference in the intercanine and intermolar widths in class II patients. When class I and class II patients were compared for the parameters (intercanine/intermolar widths), it showed that there was no statistically significant difference.
Soil biota and non-native plant invasions.
Authors: Callaway Ragan M. , Lucero Jacob E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

The trajectory of plant invasions - for better or for worse - can be tied to interactions between plants and the soil community. Here, we highlight five broad ways in which belowground interactions can influence the trajectory of biological invasions by non-native plant species. First, many non-native plant species in their non-native ranges can interact very differently with the resident soil community than do native species. Second, non-native plant species often interact very differently with the soil community in their non-native ranges than in their native ranges, which can result in enemy release from antagonistic interactions. Third, non-native plant species can cultivate a soil community that disproportionately harms native competitors in invaded communities. Fourth, antagonistic soil biota in invaded communities can reduce the performance of non-native plant species, resulting in meaningful biotic resistance against invasion. Fifth, besides or in addition to antagonistic interactions with soil biota, soil mutualisms can promote the success of invasive plant species (i) when mutualists co-invade with non-native plant species that require obligate specialist mutualists, (ii) when mutualists enhance the performance of non-native plant species in their non-native ranges, and (iii) when biotic interactions in the invaded community suppress the soil mutualists of native plant species. We conclude that management practices aimed at manipulating plant - soil interactions have considerable potential to help control plant invasions, but further work is needed to understand the spatial, temporal, taxonomic and biogeographic drivers of context dependence in interactions among plants and soil biota.
The effect of non-native plant invasions on the dispersal of native seeds.
Authors: Heleno Ruben H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Non-native plants change the communities they integrate in multiple ways, including direct and indirect effects on co-occurring native vegetation. While direct effects are more obvious, indirect effects, i.e. those mediated by biotic interactions with other trophic levels, can also have pervasive consequences for long-term community persistence. Seed dispersal is a critical stage during the life cycle of most plants, as it lays the foundations for plant recruitment patterns and long-term vegetation dynamics. By interacting with seed-dispersing animals, primarily frugivorous birds and mammals, plants can positively or negatively affect the dispersal of co-occurring native seeds. In an increasingly invaded world, it is thus critically important to identify general trends on the direction and magnitude of these effects. This chapter reviews the empirical evidence supporting such changes and the potential underlying mechanisms driving them. While the direct impacts of plant invasions are relatively easy to document, indirect effects are much harder to detect. Nevertheless, the most important consequence of the incorporation of new fruiting plants into native communities seems to be a direct competition for the services provided by the local dispersers, negatively affecting native seed dispersal rates. However, another key message emerging from the literature is that responses are highly idiosyncratic, and usually habitat- and species-specific, and therefore resistant to broad generalizations. Fruiting phenology, and in particular the synchrony/asynchrony between the availability of native and non-native fruits, seems to be a particularly important driver of the direction of the responses (i.e. towards facilitation or competition). However, most evidence is still derived from anecdotal observations and formal community level assessments are largely missing. Similarly, how invasive plants change the emergent structure of seed dispersal networks remains uncertain, with early evidence suggesting that novel seed dispersal networks might be structurally very similar to native ones. Bringing together classic experimental designs and new technical and analytical tools to provide broad synthesis will be vital in the near future to clarify the direction, magnitude and generality of these effects.