bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life Satisfaction and Self-rated Health in Adolescents: The Relationships between them and the Role of Gender and Age
Authors: Atienza-González Francisco L. , Martínez Natalia , Silva Castora 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between self-reported life satisfaction, self-rated health, gender, and age in adolescents. 1,141 secondary school students aged between 12 and 17 participated in our study. The data were analyzed using bivariate and nonlinear canonical correlation analyses. The results of the bivariate correlation analysis support the results of previous studies. Life satisfaction was positively correlated with same-day perceived health (r = .37; p < .01) and negatively correlated with anxiety/depression (r = –.37; p < .01). Same-day perceived health was positively correlated with health in the past 12 months (r = .38; p < .01) and negatively correlated with pain/discomfort (r = –.32; p < .01) and with anxiety/depression (r = –.32; p < .01). The nonlinear canonical correlation analysis provided further evidence of the relationship between the variables, suggesting the complementarity of the indicators of self-rated health analyzed. Multiple fit values showed that demographic variables age (.61) and gender (.56) were the variables with the best discriminatory power. Graphically, two groups of related variables were displayed. A non-linear analysis better explains the relationships between the variables analyzed, showing that age and gender have a high level of discriminatory power for life satisfaction and self-rated health, suggesting a role as a moderator in the relationship between health and well-being variables.
Functioning of Cognitive Memory Inhibition Processes in People with Down Syndrome: An Empirical Study
Authors: Palomino Elena , Sotillo María , López-Frutos José María 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCognitive inhibition is part of executive functions. When it exercises control over memory processes, it has the function of regulating the accessibility of memories and allows interference to be resolved. The impairment of its functioning has been related to the presence of forgetfulness of relevant information. In this research, we study the functioning of cognitive memory inhibition processes in people with intellectual disabilities in tasks of delayed visual recognition and analyze the influence of age. For this purpose, 36 people with Down syndrome (mean age = 33.44, standard deviation = 7.54, 50% females) and 36 people with neurotypical development (mean age = 33.55, standard deviation = 7.52, 50% females) participated. The results reflected a lower effectiveness in the group of people with Down syndrome,F(1, 68) = 159.09,p< .001,$ {\upeta}_{\mathrm{p}}^2 $= .70. The people in the group with Down syndrome had difficulties in interference resolution, both in the subgroup of young people (p= .014,$ \hat{\updelta\ } $= 0.88) and in the subgroup of older people (p= .022,$ \hat{\updelta\ } $= 0.67). The impairment of cognitive inhibition in people with Down syndrome warrants the need to develop specific intervention programs for this process.
Mass Party Formation: Land, Civil Society, and Party in Postrevolutionary Mexico
Authors: Ackerman Edwin F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWhat explains mass party formation? Prevailing approaches explain party formation as a process of reflection of preexisting social constituencies, or as the consequence of the rise of the bureaucratic state and in particular the advent of universal suffrage. These approaches fail to explain why Mexico’s Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) emerged as a mass party in some regions but not others despite attempts to do so and similarity in conditions that have been posited as central to party formation. I put forth a novel approach that posits that parties emerge as mass organization through a process of constitution of the very social base they claim to represent, but their constitutive powers are conditioned by fundamental economic structures. Relying on agrarian censuses and archival data, I show that the PRI emerged as a mass party in areas where land privatization had been more intensive. In these areas the party during its process of formation was able to build new, and absorb existing, peasant unions and organizations and carry out strong electoral mobilization. These findings suggest that mass party formation is dependent on the destruction of “pre”-capitalist agrarian structures.
Linking Subsurface to Surface Using Gas Emission and Melt Inclusion Data at Mount Cleveland Volcano, Alaska
Authors: Werner C. , Rasmussen D. J. , Plank T. , Kelly P. J. , Kern C. , Lopez T. , Gliss J. , Power J. A. , Roman D. C. , Izbekov P. , Lyons J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMount Cleveland is one of Alaska's most active volcanoes, yet little is known about the magmatic system driving persistent and dynamic volcanic activity. Volcanic gas and melt inclusion (MI) data from 2016 were combined to investigate shallow magmatic processes. SO2 emission rates were between 166 and 324 t/day and the H2O/SO2 was 600 ± 53, whereas CO2 and H2S were below detection. Olivine‐, clinopyroxene‐, and plagioclase‐hosted MIs have up to 3.8 wt.% H2O, 514 ppm CO2, and 2,320 ppm S. Equilibration depths, based on MI H2O contents, suggest that a magmatic column extended from 0.5 to 3.0 km (~10–60 MPa). We used MI data to empirically model open‐system H‐C‐S degassing from 0 to 12 km and found that a column of magma between 0.5 and 3 km could produce the measured gas H2O/SO2 ratio. However, additional magma deeper than 3 km is required to sustain emissions over periods greater than days to weeks, if the observed vent dimension is a valid proxy for the conduit. Assuming an initial S content of 2,320 ppm, the total magma supply needed to sustain the annual SO2 flux was 5 to 9.8 Mm3/yr, suggesting a maximum intrusive‐to‐extrusive ratio of 13:1. The model predicts degassing of <50 t/day CO2 for July 2016, which corresponds to a maximum predicted CO2/SO2 of 0.2. Ultimately, frequent recharge from deeper, less degassed magma is required to drive the continuous activity observed over multiple years. During periods of recharge we would expect lower H2O/SO2 and measurable volcanic CO2.
Volatility Dependence of the Aerosol Size Distributions of Nonpolar Organic Compounds: A Case Study in Shanghai
Authors: Lyu Yan , Li Xiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aerosol size distribution of organic compounds is one of the fundamental characteristics that regulates their atmospheric deposition and environmental fate. In this study, we characterized the organic components (mostly nonpolar organic compounds) in size‐resolved particles, with a focus on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxygenated PAHs (O‐PAHs), n‐alkanes, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), in the urban Shanghai atmosphere during a 1‐year sampling period using gas chromatography (GC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC‐MS/MS) and two‐dimensional GC with a flame ionization detector (GC × GC‐FID). These compounds ranged from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to extremely low volatility organic compounds (ELVOCs). We related their aerosol size distributions with their volatilities. On average, high positive correlations (p < 0.01) were observed between the size distribution characteristics (e.g., geometric mean diameter [GMD] and mass fraction in coarse particles) and volatility (logarithmic value of the saturation mass concentration, log C*) for the compounds that we examined. A higher ambient temperature tends to increase the slope of the regression line between size distribution and volatility (log C*). Further dry deposition modeling of size‐resolved particles showed a positive correlation (p < 0.01) between the bulk dry deposition velocity and GMD and between the bulk dry deposition velocity and volatility of the target compounds, indicating that low‐volatility organic compounds have a lower dry deposition velocity and are more likely to be transported to remote areas if they do not have a short half‐life in the atmosphere.
Changes of Emission Sources to Nitrate Aerosols in Beijing After the Clean Air Actions: Evidence From Dual Isotope Compositions
Authors: Fan Mei‐Yi , Zhang Yan‐Lin , Lin Yu‐Chi , Cao Fang , Zhao Zhu‐Yu , Sun Yele , Qiu Yanmei , Fu Pingqing , Wang Yuxuan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNitrate (NO3−) is a major contributing species to haze formation in Northern China. So far, formation processes and source apportionments of nitrate aerosols during haze pollution have not yet been well understood. In this study, the PM2.5 samples were collected in Beijing from 13 November to 24 December 2018. In addition to water‐soluble ions, oxygen (δ18O‐NO3−) and nitrogen (δ15N‐NO3−) isotopes in particulate NO3− were also determined, in order to investigate the formation pathways and potential sources of NO3− aerosols. The results showed that NO3− was a dominant species (43%) of secondary inorganic aerosols during the sampling period. The δ18O‐NO3− and δ15N‐NO3− values averaged at 83.8 ± 13.4 and 11.5 ± 5.0‰, respectively. Combining isotope compositions and Bayesian isotope mixing model, we found that heterogeneous reaction and gas phase oxidation contributed equally to nitrate formation during the sampling period. However, the contribution of heterogeneous processes to nitrate increased from 39% during the clean period to 64% during the haze period. On average, coal combustion, biomass burning, vehicle emissions, and soil emission contributed 50%, 26%, 20%, and 4%, respectively, to nitrate aerosols during the sampling period. Compared to the result in 2013, the significant decrease (~21%) of relative contribution of coal combustion to nitrate was due to strict reduction of coal consumption in Beijing. Finally, the relative contribution of traffic emissions to nitrate increased from 18% during the clean period to 30% during the haze period, suggesting that control of traffic emissions would be an important way to decrease nitrate concentrations and improve the air quality in Beijing.
Unified Soil Freezing Characteristic for Variably‐Saturated Saline Soils
Authors: Zhou Jiazuo , Meng Xiangchuan , Wei Changfu , Pei Wansheng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFreezing and thawing of soil have a significant impact on the thermal‐hydrological processes in cold regions. Freezing point and unfrozen water content are key variables characterizing the freezing and thawing of soil. The testing results show that unfrozen water content is independent of initial water content in nonsaline silt, based on which a unified model for a soil freezing characteristic curve (SFCC) is presented. The SFCC describes the relationship between unfrozen water content and temperature for variably‐saturated saline soils. It is also demonstrated that the SFCC can describe the variation of soil freezing point with respect to water content and salt concentration. The SFCC model is validated by comparing the experimental data to the calculated result for unfrozen water content and freezing point in a variety of conditions. When the initial water content varies in saline soil, the SFCC changes with constant initial salt concentration, but it remains unchanged with constant gravimetric salt content. The SFCC model can be adopted in the simulation of thermal‐hydrological processes in arid and saline lands and coastal regions. Finally, an example of thermal‐hydrological processes was simulated with the new SFCC model to show the application of the presented model.
Uncertainty Propagation in Hierarchical Paleomagnetic Reconstructions
Authors: Heslop D. , Roberts A. P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEstimation of paleomagnetic directions plays a crucial role in magnetostratigaphy, paleogeographic reconstruction, and constraining past geomagnetic field behavior. While analysis and aggregation of paleomagnetic directional data are performed in a hierarchical fashion, the standard statistical framework employed by paleomagnetists does not consider uncertainty propagation through each level of the hierarchy. With this limitation, inferences drawn from paleomagnetic data will be affected by underestimated uncertainties. We provide here an approximate directional uncertainty propagation scheme that applies to Fisher distributions and, thus, to a number of paleomagnetic data processing tasks. The scheme is a straightforward addition to the existing paleomagnetic statistical framework and is demonstrated using case studies to show how uncertainties can be propagated through different stages of the paleomagnetic data processing chain. Furthermore, we discuss situations, such as the transformation into virtual geomagnetic poles, where this simple form of uncertainty propagation cannot be employed because the data are not Fisher distributed.
Hypoxia-induced GBE1 expression promotes tumor progression through metabolic reprogramming in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Lifeng , Yang Li , Fan Zhirui , Xue Wenhua , Shen Zhibo , Yuan Yongliang , Sun Xiangdong , Wang Dan , Lian Jingyao , Wang Liping , Zhao Jie , Zhang Yi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHypoxia mediates a metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and increases glycogen synthesis. We previously found that glycogen branching enzyme (GBE1) is downstream of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1) signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells; however, the molecular mechanism underlying HIF1 regulation of GBE1 expression remains unknown. Herein, the effect of GBE1 on tumor progression via changes in metabolic signaling under hypoxia in vitro and in vivo was evaluated, and GBE1-related genes from human specimens and data sets were analyzed. Hypoxia induced GBE1 upregulation in LUAD cells. GBE1-knockdown A549 cells showed impaired cell proliferation, clone formation, cell migration and invasion, angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. GBE1 mediated the metabolic reprogramming of LUAD cells. The expression of gluconeogenesis pathway molecules, especially fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1), was markedly higher in shGBE1 A549 cells than it was in the control cells. FBP1 inhibited the tumor progression of LUAD. GBE1-mediated FBP1 suppression via promoter methylation enhanced HIF1αlevels through NF-κB signaling. GBE1 may be a negative prognostic biomarker for LUAD patients. Altogether, hypoxia-induced HIF1αmediated GBE1 upregulation, suppressing FBP1 expression by promoter methylation via NF-κB signaling in LUAD cells. FBP1 blockade upregulated HIF1α, triggered the switch to anaerobic glycolysis, and enhanced glucose uptake. Therefore, targeting HIF1α/GBE1/NF-κB/FBP1 signaling may be a potential therapeutic strategy for LUAD.
Identification of low-dose multidrug combinations for sunitinib-naive and pre-treated renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Rausch Magdalena , Weiss Andrea , Achkhanian Joanna , Rotari Andrei , Nowak-Sliwinska Patrycja 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Combinations of drugs can improve the efficacy of cancer treatment, enable the reduction of side effects and the occurrence of acquired drug resistance.

Methods
We approached this challenge mathematically by using the validated technology called the Therapeutically Guided Multidrug Optimization (TGMO) method. In a set of genetically distinct human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines, either treated chronically with sunitinib (−ST) or sunitinib-naive, we identified cell line-specific low-dose-optimised drug combinations (ODC).

Results
Six cell-type-specific low-dose drug combinations for three sunitinib-naive as well as three sunitinib pre-treated cells were established. These ODCs effectively inhibited the RCC cell metabolic activity while being ineffective in non-cancerous cells. Based on a single screening test and three searches, starting with ten drugs, we identified highly efficacious drug mixtures containing four drugs. All ODCs contained AZD4547 (FGFR signalling pathway inhibitor) and pictilisib (pan-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor), but varied in the third and fourth drug. ODC treatment significantly decreased cell metabolic activity (up to 70%) and induced apoptosis, independent of the pretreatment with sunitinib. The ODCs outperformed sunitinib, the standard care for RCC. Moreover, short-term starvation potentiated the ODC activity. The translation of the 2D-based results to 3D heterotypic co-culture models revealed significant inhibition of the spheroid growth (up to 95%).

Conclusion
We demonstrate a promising low-dose drug combination development to obtain drug combinations effective in naive as well as resistant tumours. Nevertheless, we emphasise the need for further mechanistic investigation and preclinical development.
Holliday junction recognition protein promotes pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis via modulation of the MDM2/p53 signaling
Authors: Wang Chen-jing , Li Xin , Shi Ping , Ding Hai-yan , Liu Yan-ping , Li Ting , Lin Ping-ping , Wang Yun-shan , Zhang Guo-qing , Cao Yu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHolliday junction recognition protein (HJURP) refers to a histone H3 chaperone that has been implicated in different kinds of malignancies. Yet, its character in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. The expression of HJURP was assessed in PDAC tissues by RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. HJURP-deficient or overexpressed PDAC cell lines were constructed, using shRNA or plasmids with HJURP insert. MTT, sphere formation assay, migration, and invasion assays were performed to evaluate the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of PDAC cells. We used xenograft mice models to assess the tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. RNA-seq was applicated in search of the potential downstream target of HJURP in PDAC and subsequent verification were fulfilled via multiple assays, including immunofluorescence. Additionally, chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay were conducted to explore the potential regulation of MDM2 expression by HJURP through H3K4me2. In this current research, we found that the expression of HJURP in PDAC cells and tissue was significantly higher than those of adjacent normal tissue, and high HJURP expression predicted poor survival. HJURP significantly promoted the viability, sphere formation, migration, and invasion of PDAC cells in vitro, HJURP also facilitated tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanically, MDM2/p53 axis is critical for HJURP-mediated malignant behaviors in PDAC, and HJURP regulates MDM2 expression through H3K4me2. HJURP could serve as a promising biomarker, and target for PDAC prognosis and treatment.
Integrated near-field thermo-photovoltaics for heat recycling
Authors: Bhatt Gaurang R. , Zhao Bo , Roberts Samantha , Datta Ipshita , Mohanty Aseema , Lin Tong , Hartmann Jean-Michel , St-Gelais Raphael , Fan Shanhui , Lipson Michal 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEnergy transferred via thermal radiation between two surfaces separated by nanometer distances can be much larger than the blackbody limit. However, realizing a scalable platform that utilizes this near-field energy exchange mechanism to generate electricity remains a challenge. Here, we present a fully integrated, reconfigurable and scalable platform operating in the near-field regime that performs controlled heat extraction and energy recycling. Our platform relies on an integrated nano-electromechanical system that enables precise positioning of a thermal emitter within nanometer distances from a room-temperature germanium photodetector to form a thermo-photovoltaic cell. We demonstrate over an order of magnitude enhancement of power generation (Pgen ~ 1.25 μWcm−2) in our thermo-photovoltaic cell by actively tuning the gap between a hot-emitter (TE ~ 880 K) and the cold photodetector (TD ~ 300 K) from ~ 500 nm down to ~ 100 nm. Our nano-electromechanical system consumes negligible tuning power (Pgen/PNEMS ~ 104) and relies on scalable silicon-based process technologies.
Unique hole-accepting carbon-dots promoting selective carbon dioxide reduction nearly 100% to methanol by pure water
Authors: Wang Yiou , Liu Xu , Han Xiaoyu , Godin Robert , Chen Jialu , Zhou Wuzong , Jiang Chaoran , Thompson Jamie F. , Mustafa K. Bayazit , Shevlin Stephen A. , Durrant James R. , Guo Zhengxiao , Tang Junwang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSolar-driven CO2 reduction by abundant water to alcohols can supply sustainable liquid fuels and alleviate global warming. However, the sluggish water oxidation reaction has been hardly reported to be efficient and selective in CO2 conversion due to fast charge recombination. Here, using transient absorption spectroscopy, we demonstrate that microwave-synthesised carbon-dots (mCD) possess unique hole-accepting nature, prolonging the electron lifetime (t50%) of carbon nitride (CN) by six folds, favouring a six-electron product. mCD-decorated CN stably produces stoichiometric oxygen and methanol from water and CO2 with nearly 100% selectivity to methanol and internal quantum efficiency of 2.1% in the visible region, further confirmed by isotopic labelling. Such mCD rapidly extracts holes from CN and prevents the surface adsorption of methanol, favourably oxidising water over methanol and enhancing the selective CO2 reduction to alcohols. This work provides a unique strategy for efficient and highly selective CO2 reduction by water to high-value chemicals.
Ultrafast magnetic dynamics in insulating YBa2Cu3O6.1 revealed by time resolved two-magnon Raman scattering
Authors: Yang Jhih-An , Pellatz Nicholas , Wolf Thomas , Nandkishore Rahul , Reznik Dmitry 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMeasurement and control of magnetic order and correlations in real time is a rapidly developing scientific area relevant for magnetic memory and spintronics. In these experiments an ultrashort laser pulse (pump) is first absorbed by excitations carrying electric dipole moment. These then give their energy to the magnetic subsystem monitored by a time-resolved probe. A lot of progress has been made in investigations of ferromagnets but antiferromagnets are more challenging. Here, we introduce time-resolved two-magnon Raman scattering as a real time probe of magnetic correlations especially well-suited for antiferromagnets. Its application to the antiferromagnetic charge transfer insulator YBa2Cu3O6.1 revealed rapid demagnetization within 90 fs of photoexcitation. The relaxation back to thermal equilibrium is characterized by much slower timescales. We interpret these results in terms of slow relaxation of the charge sector and rapid equilibration of the magnetic sector to a prethermal state characterized by parameters that change slowly as the charge sector relaxes.
Strain-induced resonances in the dynamical quadratic magnetoelectric response of multiferroics
Authors: Sayedaghaee S. Omid , Paillard Charles , Prosandeev Sergey , Xu Bin , Bellaiche Laurent 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFor the last few years, the research interest in magnetoelectric (ME) effect, which is the cross-coupling between ferroelectric and magnetic ordering in multiferroic materials, has experienced a significant revival. The extensive recent studies are not only conducted towards the design of sensors, actuators, transducers, and memory devices by taking advantage of the cross-control of polarization (or magnetization) by magnetic (or electric) fields, but also aim to create a clearer picture in understanding the sources of ME responses and the novel effects associated with them. Here we derive analytical models allowing to understand the striking and novel dynamics of ME effects in multiferroics and further confirm it with atomistic simulations. Specifically, the role of strain is revealed to lead to the existence of electroacoustic magnons, a new quasiparticle that mixes acoustic and optical phonons with magnons, which results in resonances and thus a dramatic enhancement of magnetoelectric responses. Moreover, a unique aspect of the dynamical quadratic ME response under a magnetic field with varying frequencies, which is the second harmonic generation (SHG), has not been discussed prior to the present work. These SHGs put emphasis on the fact that nonlinearities should be considered while dealing with such systems.