bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and impact of hospital-acquired sepsis in Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Kamnon K , Supmontri S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Sepsis is considered a major health burden, with high mortality and associated costs. Health indicators are essential to define strategies to improve the treatment of diseases and the epidemiology information of sepsis.

Methods
This study was a retrospective descriptive study. The purposes to determine distribution and impacts of hospital-acquired sepsis among patients, who were admitted in Rajavithi hospital. The Data was obtained from medical records of 6,673 sepsis from 2015 to 2019 (1st January 2015 - 31st December 2019), using hospital-acquired sepsis and impacts of hospital-acquired sepsis form developed by researcher. Data analysis was performed by using descriptive statistics.

Results
The major results of this study revealed that 51.1% of sepsis patients were women. The age range of sepsis patient was between 14-100 years old (mean 45.3±6.7 years). There were altogether 6,663 sepsis occurring among these patients. Forty-four point six percent of sepsis was urinary tract infections followed by pneumonia and bloodstream infections (31.2% and 13.7%). The causation of sepsis were related to gram negative bacteria (56.5%), gram positive bacteria (27.2%) and fungus (16.3%). Based on patient department, 57.3% of sepsis occurred in medical department. The length of hospital stay for patients with hospital-acquired sepsis ranged from 6 to 104 days. The average length of stay was 37.6 days. Overall mortality rate of hospital-acquired sepsis was 54.2%. The cost of treatment for hospital-associated sepsis was 9,376.94 USD per case. Sixty-five percent point eight percent of the cost was for antibiotic treatment, 19.6% for equipment, 9.4% for laboratory tests and 5.2% for other procedures.

Conclusions
Hospital-acquired sepsis among patients can have serious impacts on the patients and increase the economic burden of hospital. Hospital have to determine effective and sustainable hospital-acquired sepsis preventions.

Key messages
Sepsis is a serious condition that affects the patient. Sepsis are global public health problems. The factors related to mortality are delayed diagnosis, non-intensive care setting admission, delayed antibiotic and multi-organ failure.
Trend of healthcare-associated infections in a teaching hospital in Tunisia, 2014-2019
Authors: Ghali H , Ben Cheikh A , Bhiri S , Khefacha Aissa S , Dhidah L , Ben Rejeb M , Said Latiri H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
National surveys on the prevalence of HAIs on a given day have regularly taken place in health facilities. During this period, actions to improve HAI prevention were implemented, including strengthened isolation measures; hand hygiene promotion using the World Health Organization multimodal strategy; and promotion of appropriate antimicrobial use. We aimed to examine trends in HAI in Sahloul Hospital over six years.

Methods
Annual prevalence surveys of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) between 2014 and 2019 were conducted in the university hospital in Tunisia. It is a cross-sectional study of one-day prevalence with a single pathway. All departments were included in the survey, except emergency and hemodialysis services due to their very short length of stay. Data collection was carried out using NosoTun plug (national HAI prevalence survey).

Results
Over six years, prevalence of HAI ranged from 11.4% in 2014 to 9.5% in 2019. The prevalence of HAIs did not show a significant change across the six surveys. However, there were significant (P = 0.008) reductions in the prevalence of total HAIs in intensive care units, which had the highest frequencies of HAIs over those six years. In 2014, bacteriological analysis was performed in 55.8% of HAI cases. In 66.6% of cases (n = 16), isolated bacteria were gram negative bacilli, the most frequent were Pseudomonas aeroginosa. In 2019, 27 germs were identified, the most frequent were Gram Negative Bacilli (74%), mostly Escherichia coli.

Conclusions
This HAI prevention strategy was influential in decreasing infections among hospitalized patients in intensive care units. Challenges for the future are to minimize infection with gram-negative bacilli while limiting the emergence of antibiotic resistant organisms.

Key messages
Using prevalence surveys, we were able to have an insight into the most common isolates identified throughout the last six years. Repeated prevalence surveys are an effective tool for monitoring HAI frequency and contributing to the establishment of effective infection control.
Prevalence of bacterial urinary tract infections in elderly living in retirement homes in Brazil
Authors: Tietz Marques S , Pitz da Silva B , Silva Mota A , Marinho de Quadros R , de Lima M R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Urinary tract infections are common in humans. Urinalysis is the most widely used test for the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in Brazil. This study aimed to identify bacteria that cause urinary tract infection (UTI) in elderly patients permanently living in three retirement homes in the city of Lages, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Methods
The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of University (protocol number 2.922.891). The participants were 93 elderly people, aged between 51 and 94 years. Urine samples were subjected to physical-chemical tests and to direct analysis of cell and bacterial micromorphology. Gram staining was performed on urine sediment. Positive samples were submitted to urine culture using cystine-lactose-electrolyte-deficient agar and MacConkey culture media. Bacterial colonies were identified by Gram-positive bacteria, biochemical tests and for Gram-negative bacteria, biochemical tests of oxidase and Rugai with Lysine (NewProv®). The χ2 test with the FREQ procedure of the SAS 9.2 statistical package was used, adopting p ≤ 0.05 as the level of significance, with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
The prevalence of bacterial infection was 36.55% with rates of 46.93% in women and 25% in men. There was no positive correlation between urinary tract infections in relation to sex, age group, pH and diaper use (p &gt; 0.05). E. coli appeared in the urine of 20.43% of the elderly, S. aureus in 8,16%; S. saprophyticus in 9,09%, 5,37% with Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Conclusions
Collaborative and integrated actions are needed to facilitate the recognition and clinical management of UTI in elderly patients, which are responsibility of Federal Government social programs in partnership with states and municipalities.

Key messages
Elderly patients need regular monitoring. Elderly people in nursing homes need to be served by government programs.
Migrant studies using the community-based participatory research partnership approach
Authors: Zlotnick C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
This integrative review examined the academic-community partnerships in quantitative health care studies using the community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach and targeting migrants.

Methods
The keywords were 'community based participatory or CBPR' AND 'immigrants or migrants.' All studies were written in English and published between January 2010 and December 2018.

Results
In the final sample (n = 26), studies used a variety of community partners including consumers and staff recruited from a variety of sites. The ethnicity between community partners and the target population was concordant in all studies reviewed. Yet, only a single study reported concordance between community partners and the migrant group (a group in which some hold a more privileged status than others) of the target population.

Conclusions
Official status such as citizenship is among the social parameters of intersectionality; yet the majority of CBPR studies examining migrant populations combined disparate migrant groups and used terms such as migrants, refugees and immigrants interchangeably. The CBPR approach is a valuable approach for health care studies as it strives to be culturally-informed so that study results on vulnerable populations are internally and externally validity. When concordance is not possible, researchers must describe the efforts that the partnership undertook to obtain and apply culturally-informed efforts.

Key messages
Optimally CBPR studies seek community partners who are concordant with the target population. When impossible, descriptions of culturally-informed efforts are needed. Migrants are a heterogeneous population. Migrants with less vulnerability may be ineffective representatives of the most vulnerable migrant groups.
Perceptions of Indigenous Australians towards cardiovascular primary prevention programs
Authors: Lord H , Fernandez R , MacPhail C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Indigenous Australians have disproportionately poorer health outcomes than their non-Indigenous counterparts. Preventable chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, are primary factors that contribute to their lower life expectancy. Health risk behaviors such as smoking, physical inactivity, poor nutrition and obesity largely contribute to the enduring health divide. Therefore, the aim of this qualitative review was to synthesize the best available evidence on the perceptions of Indigenous Australians towards cardiovascular primary prevention programs.

Methods
A search using MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, MedNar, ProQuest and Index to Theses for published and unpublished studies was conducted in January 2020. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed by two reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool. Meta-aggregation was conducted in accordance with JBI methodology.

Results
Eleven studies involving 249 participants were included. Three synthesized findings were developed 1) External factors can affect participants' experiences of prevention programs. Support from family motivates participation and behavioral change. Support from health professionals that is free from judgment facilitates participation; 2) The complexities of an individual's life influence Indigenous Australian's experiences and participation in prevention programs and health risk behavioral change; 3) A personal desire to change behaviors and participate in prevention programs requires development of knowledge on healthy lifestyles, creation of new social norms and overcoming internal struggles.

Conclusions
Indigenous Australians participation in primary prevention for cardiovascular risk factors and adoption of a healthy lifestyle are influenced by social support, social determinants and personal desire. Future programs need to tackle structural drivers and create a supportive environment to assist in behavior change.

Key messages
Social determinants affect Indigenous Australians experiences and participation in prevention programs for behaviour change. Prevention programs must create a supportive environment with the inclusion of family.
Implementation and maintenance of a community intervention for refugee youth with symptoms of PTSD
Authors: Lampa E , Sarkadi A , Gupta Löfving S , Perez Aronsson A , Torp L , Warner G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Transferring effective health and wellbeing interventions into community-based settings is challenging, with many only ever implemented in the academic settings in which they were developed. Over the last few years, Teaching Recovery Techniques (TRT), a community-based intervention for refugee youth reporting symptoms of post-traumatic stress, has been scaled up across Sweden using the model of a distribution network pathway. This means the lead organisation works with a distribution organisation using the latter's existing network of implementing organisations. Often the distribution partner is a national organisation with many local member agencies. The model offers possibility for quick spread, but only allows for a low level of control at the local site level. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors and agents that have facilitated the implementation and maintenance of TRT from successful sites, in order to inform ongoing efforts to scale up the intervention.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with personnel from 'successful' TRT sites, defined as having conducted at least two TRT groups and maintaining full delivery of the programme. Interview data were analysed using content analysis.

Results
Our results indicated that active networking and collaboration were key to successful maintenance of TRT delivery. Active recruitment strategies, resource availability and management, and careful integration of the interpreter were also raised as important factors.

Conclusions
Although the interviewed professionals represented successful sites, they remained dependent on informal networks and collaboration for programme delivery. The possibility of integrating TRT into a local stepped-care model for post-traumatic stress in refugee children and adolescents will be presented.

Key messages
Transferring effective health and wellbeing interventions into community-based settings is challenging, with many only ever implemented in the academic settings in which they were developed. Active networking and collaboration are key to successful maintenance of community interventions.
Validity of UK electronic health records to study migrant health: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Pathak N , Patel P , Mathur R , Burns R , Gonzalez-Izquierdo A , Denaxas S , Sonnenberg P , Hayward A , Aldridge R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
An estimated 14.3% (9.4 million people) of people living in the UK in 2019 were international migrants. Despite this, little is known about how migrants access and use healthcare services. To use electronic healthcare records (EHRs) to study migration health, a valid migration phenotype is necessary: a transparent reproducible algorithm using clinical terminology codes to determine migration status. We have previously described the validity of a migration phenotype in CALIBER data using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), the largest UK primary care EHR. This study further evaluates the phenotype by examining certainty of migration status.

Methods
This is a population-based cohort study of individuals in CPRD Gold (1997-2018) with a Read term indicating migration to the UK. We describe completeness of recording of migration over time: percentage of individuals recorded as migrants. We also describe cohort size based on certainty of migration status: “definite” (country of birth or visa status terms), “probable” (non-English first/main language terms), and “possible” (non-UK origin terms).

Results
Overall, 2.5% (403,768/16,071,111) of CPRD had ≥1 of 434 terms indicating migration to the UK. The percentage of recorded migrants per year increased from 0.2% (4,417/2,210,551) in 1997 to 3.64% (100,626/2,761,397) in 2018, following a similar trend to national migration data. 44.27% (178,749/403,768) were “definite” migrants and 53.68% (216,731/403,768) were “probable” migrants. Only 2.05%(8,288/16,071,111) were “possible” migrants.

Conclusions
We have created a large cohort of international migrants in the UK and certainty of migration status is high. This cohort can be used to study migration health in UK primary care EHR. The large contribution of language terms make this phenotype particularly suitable for understanding healthcare access and use by non-English speaking migrants who may face additional barriers to care.

Key messages
We have developed a way to study migration health in UK primary care electronic health records. Our method is particularly useful to study healthcare for non-English speaking migrants who may face additional barriers to care.
Risky alcohol consumption, dependency symptoms and minority stress in sexual minority young people
Authors: Demant D , Saliba B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Sexual Minority Young People (SMYP) use alcohol, tobacco and other drugs at disproportionate levels when compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Limited research has been conducted on dependency symptoms in this population as well as correlations between risky use of alcohol and minority stress including potential differences between identity subgroups.

Methods
A cross-sectional online survey was completed by 1,556 SMYPs (mean age: 22.6 years) from Australia. Variables include demographics, alcohol use, dependency symptoms and different dimensions of minority stress. Descriptive and correlational analyses, and binary logistic regressions were conducted.

Results
Most participants surveyed identified as gay or lesbian (59%) and as men (55%). Regular binge drinking (43%), as well as general high-risk alcohol use (52%), was prevalent in the sample. Dependency symptoms were also common in the sample including health, social, legal or financial problems as a result of alcohol consumption (17%). Meaningful differences in consumption and symptoms between subgroups were identified. Minority stress, including negative family reactions and homophobic harassment were significantly correlated with higher alcohol use and dependency symptoms.

Conclusions
High-risk alcohol consumption including binge drinking as well as dependency symptoms are highly prevalent in Australian SMYP but are not distributed equally across subgroups. Public health initiatives should consider targeting SMYP subgroups and concentrate on the role of alcohol as a potential maladaptive coping mechanism for minority stress.

Key messages
Risky alcohol consumption and dependency symptoms common in sexual minority young people but not equally distributed in subgroups. Minority stress likely to be linked to risky alcohol consumption and dependency symptoms.
Care for women in a situation of violence: an institutionalist look
Authors: Barbosa J , Ferreira B , Santos D , Magalhães F , Martins G , Riquieri M , Cordeiro M , Silva M , Lima R , Andrade M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
To know the dynamic processes that involve the production of care for women in situations of violence.

Methods
Study of qualitative approach and cartographic inspiration based on the theoretical reference of Institutionalism that had as scenario a reference center for women in domestic violence located in Espírito Santo, Brazil. Six professionals who worked directly in the care of women participated in the research. Interventions were carried out, through seven workshops, using storytelling. The material production tools were narratives, the researcher's field diary and the collective field diary, which was built from the record and observation of all the participants in the study. The workshops were held at the center according to the availability of participants and lasted an average of 60 minutes. The meetings were recorded and later transcribed together with the notes of the field diaries, seeking, through a cartography, to give meaning to the experiences lived by the participants. Through the analysis of implication, it was possible to give visibility to the various relationships that constitute a certain reality, in which the researcher is involved.

Results
The study pointed out that violence crosses all women influencing the production of care offered by professionals at the reference center. The narratives multiplied senses contributing to the problematization of the care offered, providing the qualification of other ways of thinking/acting in health.

Conclusions
From an ethical-aesthetic-political paradigm it is possible to produce reflections that broaden the view of care for women in violent situations beyond biological issues, contributing with desirable productive processes in the prevention of violence and the promotion of health.

Key messages
It gives visibility to micropolitical processes and contributes to the construction of policies for women's health capable of welcoming differences and singularities. It shows innovation for the field of qualitative health research, broadening the view on the care of women in situations of violence beyond biological issues.
E-health and health literacy of young adult Ukrainian female immigrants and Polish counterparts
Authors: Krasko Y , Marianowska J , Duplaga M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
According to recent projections, even 10% of Polish gross domestic product is contributed by Ukrainian immigrants. There is also a considerable number of Ukrainians continuing university education in Poland. The level of health literacy in Ukrainian society has not been studied so far. The aim of the study was the comparison of health literacy (HL) and e-health literacy (eHL) of young adult Ukrainian (UA) women with their Polish (PL) counterparts

Methods
A snowball technique was used to recruit a sample of UA women working or studying in Poland to the Internet-based survey. The questionnaire used in the study consisted of the 16-item European HL Survey questionnaire (HLS-EU-16), eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS), the set of the questions asking about health behaviours (HB), self-assessment of health status (HS) and items exploring sociodemographic variables. For comparison, the data of an age-matched sample of 100 respondents was extracted from the online survey performed in a representative sample of PL women.

Results
The mean age (standard deviation, SD) of 57 UA respondents was 20.23 (1.78) years and in Polish sample 20.25 (1.79). HL did not differ between both groups (11.06 (4.22) vs 11.44 (4.34), respectively, p = 0.53), but eHL was significantly lower in UA group (25.91 (5.36) vs 28.17 (5.37), U Mann-Whitney test, p = 0.01). Only 58.5% of UA respondents vs 80.5% of PL ones assessed their HS as at least good (Fisher exact test, p &lt; 0.001). The rates of active smoking (34.6% vs. 35.0%, p = 0.55), using e-cigarettes (35.3% vs 34.0%, p = 0.99), frequent alcohol consumption (26.9% vs. 20%, p = 0.41), and intensive physical activity (49.0% vs. 38.0%, p = 0.22) did not differ between study groups.

Conclusions
Young UA women show lower eHL than PL counterparts. Although HL and HB in both groups did not differ significantly, UA respondents have assessed their HS much lower than PL participants.

Key messages
E-health literacy and self-assessed health status were significantly lower among young Ukrainian than among Polish women. Both groups did not differ for health literacy and health behaviours.