bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Interpersonal Context of Early Childhood Development
Authors: McHale James P. , Dickstein Susan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
With the 2016 release of Zero to Three’s Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood, the eyes of the field are newly trained on assessment of the full family caregiving contexts in which children are raised. This chapter presents a conceptual model for assessing coparenting alliances in families of infants and toddlers intended to provide information to both researchers and practitioners. The chapter defines coparenting in a manner that is relevant for various family systems, identifies important elements of effective coparenting alliances, and presents a schematic for assessing quality of coparenting in the young child’s family. Guidance based on lessons learned from extensive field experience with coparenting in diverse families is provided, and both reported and observed coparenting assessment methods are discussed. Growing points for this relatively new field of infant–family mental health assessment are enumerated.
Assessment in Early Care and Education Environments
Authors: Sosinsky Laura Stout , Gordon Rachel A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEarly care and education (ECE) settings are major developmental contexts for the majority of young children. This chapter presents research on the importance of these settings for child development, covering measures of setting quality and child outcomes in ECE research and empirical studies relating setting quality to child outcomes in depth. One important issue is the consistently significant but small developmental effects of ECE quality. Current research on possible factors contributing to these small associations is outlined, highlighting the potential for child characteristics to interact with setting quality in supporting or undermining child outcomes and the importance of acknowledging the nonrandom ways in which different families come to use different ECE settings (including barriers to obtaining ECE arrangements that are a good fit for the child and family). The chapter ends with a discussion of current practice and policy, featuring mental health consultation models.
Impact of discordance between patient’s and evaluator’s global assessment on treatment outcomes in 14 868 patients with spondyloarthritis
Authors: Michelsen Brigitte , Ørnbjerg Lykke Midtbøll , Kvien Tore K , Pavelka Karel , Nissen Michael J , Nordström Dan , Santos Maria José , Koca Suleyman Serdar , Askling Johan , Rotar Ziga , Gudbjornsson Bjorn , Codreanu Catalin , Loft Anne Gitte , Kristianslund Eirik Klami , Mann Herman F , Ciurea Adrian , Eklund Kari K , Vieira-Sousa Elsa , Yazici Ayten , Jacobsson Lennart , Tomšič Matija , Löve Thorvardur Jón , Ionescu Ruxandra , van der Horst-Bruinsma I E , Iannone Florenzo , Pombo-Suarez Manuel , Jones Gareth T , Hyldstrup Lise Hejl , Krogh Niels Steen , Hetland Merete Lund , Østergaard Mikkel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the impact of ‘patient’s minus evaluator’s global assessment of disease activity’ (ΔPEG) at treatment initiation on retention and remission rates of TNF inhibitors (TNFi) in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients across Europe.

Methods
Real-life data from PsA and axSpA patients starting their first TNFi from 11 countries in the European Spondyloarthritis Research Collaboration Network were pooled. Retention rates were compared by Kaplan–Meier analyses with log-rank test and by Cox regression, and remission rates by χ2 test and by logistic regression across quartiles of baseline ΔPEG, separately in female and male PsA and axSpA patients.

Results
We included 14 868 spondyloarthritis (5855 PsA, 9013 axSpA) patients. Baseline ΔPEG was negatively associated with 6/12/24-months’ TNFi retention rates in female and male PsA and axSpA patients (P &lt;0.001), with 6/12/24-months’ BASDAI &lt; 2 (P ≤0.002) and ASDAS &lt; 1.3 (P ≤0.005) in axSpA patients, and with DAS28CRP(4)&lt;2.6 (P ≤0.04) and DAPSA28 ≤ 4 (P ≤0.01), but not DAS28CRP(3)&lt;2.6 (P ≥0.13) in PsA patients, with few exceptions on remission rates. Retention and remission rates were overall lower in female than male patients.

Conclusion
High baseline patient’s compared with evaluator’s global assessment was associated with lower 6/12/24-months’ remission as well as retention rates of first TNFi in both PsA and axSpA patients. These results highlight the importance of discordance between patient’s and evaluator’s perspective on disease outcomes.
Catastrophic costs due to tuberculosis in South India: comparison between active and passive case finding
Authors: Muniyandi Malaisamy , Thomas Beena Elizabeth , Karikalan Nagarajan , Kannan Thiruvengadam , Rajendran Krishnan , Dolla Chandra Kumar , Saravanan Balakrishnan , Tholkappian Ayyakannu Sivaprakasham , Tripathy Srikanth Prasad , Swaminathan Soumya 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
To measure and compare economic burden at the household level for tuberculosis (TB) patients who were detected through active case finding (ACF) and passive case finding (PCF) in rural areas.

Methods
This study was conducted in the Thiruvallur district from October 2016 to March 2018. TB patients diagnosed through ACF were included in this study. For the comparison, patients diagnosed through ACF were recruited in the ratio of 1:2 from the same study area during the same period. Costs between the groups were compared and a multiple regression model was used to identify factors associated with catastrophic costs due to TB.

Results
Of the 336 individuals, 110 were diagnosed through ACF and 226 through PCF. A total of 29% of patients diagnosed through PCF and 9% of patients diagnosed through ACF experienced catastrophic costs due to TB. The multiple logistic model shows that catastrophic costs due to TB had a significant association with higher income status (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.91 [confidence interval {CI} 2.39 to 10.08]; p&lt;0.001), alcohol use (aOR 2.78 [CI 1.33 to 5.81]; p=0.007), private as a first point of care (aOR 3.91 [CI 2.01 to 7.60]; p&lt;0.001) and PCF (aOR 3.68 [CI 1.62 to 8.33]; p=0.002).

Conclusions
Findings highlight that ACF significantly averted catastrophic costs due to TB among patients. ACF as a strategy could ensure financial protection of TB patients and limit their risk of poverty.
Effect of urbanization on the communities of Tardigrades in Argentina
Authors: González-Reyes Andrea , Rocha A Mariana , Corronca José , Rodriguez-Artigas Sandra , Doma Irene , Ostertag Belén , Grabosky Alfonsina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUrban tardigrades are studied little worldwide. In Salta (Argentina), two studies have evaluated their diversity in an urban–native gradient. Vehicular traffic in Salta city has increased over the last decade, increasing environmental pollution. Our aim is to determine whether biotic homogenization occurs in this city. Sampling sites were selected considering different vehicular traffic intensities (high, medium and low). Tardigrades were sampled from bryophytes growing on tree trunks. Specimens were treated according to the usual study methodology. Different biotic and environmental abiotic variables of the microhabitat were considered. A total of 3049 specimens of 16 species of heterotardigrades and eutardigrades were reported. The low vehicular transit habitat was more diverse than the others. Ordination analyses evidenced a nested pattern in the studied urban habitats. Milnesium sp. nov. 3 and Minibiotus sp. nov. 1 were reported as detector species for habitats with medium vehicular traffic. The partition of the β diversity showed that the species turnover was higher among low and high vehicular traffic communities than medium, whereas a loss of species was evidenced between high and medium habitats. The high diversity of tardigrades in Salta city and their assemblages are partly dependent on several factors, including vehicular traffic.
A Subantarctic rare gastropod reveals a new type of spawn among heterobranchs
Authors: Di Luca Javier , Penchaszadeh Pablo E , Pastorino Guido 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Spawn and specimens of Toledonia biplicata comb. nov. were collected from Burdwood Bank during March 2013. Species-level identification was derived from radular, shell and spawn characters. A low number of eggs laid per spawn (one to three), absence of an external gelatinous mass and a considerably thickened capsule wall (~50 µm) constitute a unique combination of spawn characters among heterobranchs. Egg capsules are ovoid in shape and measure 600–763 × 450–656 µm. They are filled with albuminous liquid, allowing complete intracapsular development of a single embryo. The developmental stages recognized are uncleaved eggs (153 µm in average diameter), veliger stages (279–378 µm in maximal length) and prehatchling juveniles (442–609 µm). Toledonia biplicata increases its volume 40-fold during its intracapsular development, whereas other comparable cephalaspids increase ≤ 4-fold. The role of the capsule wall as protection and an additional source of food is discussed. The adaptive value of these characters in relationship to the environmental conditions of the Magellanic region is discussed. A comparison with the spawn of other cephalaspids, nudibranchs and pleurobranchids is conducted, and the taxonomic implications are discussed. This is the first description of the spawn and developmental stages of a representative of the genus Toledonia.
Pharmacotherapy for Treatment of Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms After mTBI
Authors: Rabinowitz Amanda R. , Watanabe Thomas K. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives:
Cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms are extremely common following mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as concussion. Although most patients will recovery rapidly, a significant minority go on to experience persistent symptoms. There are currently no FDA-approved medications for treatment of cognitive and neuropsychiatric problems in the context of mild TBI, yet a number of agents are prescribed “off-label” for these complaints. Rigorous trials are lacking, but there are a number of open-label studies, and some small randomized controlled trials that support the safety and possible efficacy of pharmacotherapies in this population. Clinical trials conducted in samples with more severe brain injuries can also serve as a guide.

Methods:
Review of the literature.

Results & Conclusions:
There is the most support in the literature for the neurostimulant methylphenidate for treatment of mild TBI–related cognitive dysfunction, and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, sertraline, for the treatment of postinjury depression. There is clearly a need for more well-designed studies to guide clinicians in selecting the appropriate medication and dose. Without clear guidance from the literature, a cautious approach of starting low and titrating slowly is recommended.
Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Tranylcypromine and Tricyclic Antidepressants in the Treatment of Depression
Authors: Ulrich Sven , Ricken Roland , Buspavanich Pichit , Schlattmann Peter , Adli Mazda 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPurposeWe conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of the comparison of tranylcypromine (TCP) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in the treatment of depression because such work is lacking in medical scientific literature.MethodsLiterature was searched for studies of TCP controlled by TCAs in multiple databases and in reviews of TCP and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. The natural logarithm of the odds ratio (logOR) and the pooled logOR according to a fixed effect model were calculated for the numbers of responders and nonresponders.ResultsA total of 227 studies of TCP were found including 75 controlled studies of TCP-monotherapy. Twelve of 23 studies of TCP monotherapy and TCAs were excluded for several reasons (duplicates, safety studies, retrospective, cross-over), leaving 11 prospective and parallel controlled studies of TCP monotherapy versus TCAs (6 randomized double-blind). One study was excluded from the meta-analysis because of low quality of study design according to the Food and Drug Administration guidelines of studies of antidepressant drugs and high risk of bias according to the Cochrane's tool. Two studies with equal efficacy of TCP and TCAs in continuous endpoints did not provide dichotomous response data. A pooled logOR of 0.480 (95% confidence interval, 0.105–0.857,P= 0.01) resulted for the remaining eight studies in the primary meta-analysis, which favors TCP significantly over TCAs (test for heterogeneity:Х2= 8.1,df= 7,P> 0.3, not heterogenous;I2= 13.6%, heterogeneity not important). The result is robust with respect to inclusion of hypothetical response data of the 2 studies with continuous data only: pooled logOR, 0.350 (95% confidence interval, 0.028–0.672,P= 0.03). Visual inspection of forest plots and subgroup analysis suggest that superiority of TCP over TCAs is determined by 2 studies in psychomotor-retarded (anergic) depression.ConclusionsTranylcypromine and TCAs have an equal antidepressant effect in a mean sample of depressed patients with mixed psychomotor symptoms. Tranylcypromine might be superior to TCAs in depression with predominant psychomotor retardation.
Sound Measurement in Patient-Specific 3D Printed Bench Models of Venous Pulsatile Tinnitus
Authors: Valluru Keerthi , Parkhill James , Gautam Ayushi , Haraldsson Henrik , Kao Evan , Leach Joseph , Wright Alexandra , Ballweber Megan , Meisel Karl , Saloner David , Amans Matthew 
Published: December 2019

Hypothesis:
We hypothesize patient-specific flow models to be an adequate in vitro surrogate to allow for characterization of pulsatile tinnitus (PT) that affects three to five million Americans.

Background:
PT, rhythmic sounds without an extracorporeal source that patients appreciate, can be caused by aberrant blood flow in large cerebral veins near the cochlea. To investigate the sound production mechanism, we created 3D printed flow models based on patient-specific cerebral venous anatomies.

Methods:
Magnetic resonance angiography datasets from two patients with PT were used to generate patient-specific 3D printed flow models. A flow circuit connecting the patient-specific models to a pulsatile, continuous flow pump simulating cardiac cycle was created. Sound recordings were made along the surface of the models using an electronic stethoscope. Peak-to-rms amplitude, and area under the power spectral density (PSD) curve values were computed to evaluate the sound measurements. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to statistically determine the differences in measurements between the patient-specific models.

Results:
In patient-1, the recordings (peak-to-rms) from the internal jugular vein stenosis of baseline model (4.29 ± 1.26 for 146 samples) were significantly louder (p < 0.001) than that of the altered model (3.29 ± 0.96 for 143 samples). In patient-2, the sound measured at the transverse sinus stenosis in the pre-lumbar puncture model (4.84 ± 1.11 for 148 samples) was significantly louder (p < 0.0001) than that of the post-lumbar puncture model (3.14 ± 0.87 for 135 samples).

Conclusions:
The models are able to generate sounds very similar to those appreciated by patients and examiners in the cases of objective PT.
Alcohol, smoking and rectal cancer risk in a Mediterranean cohort of adults: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Italy cohort.
Authors: Bendinelli Benedetta , Palli Domenico , Assedi Melania , Facchini Luigi , Grioni Sara , Agnoli Claudia , Ricceri Fulvio , Macciotta Alessandra , Panico Salvatore , Mattiello Amalia , Tumino Rosario , Giurdanella Maria C. , Saieva Calogero , Masala Giovanna 
Published: December 2019

Objective
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most diagnosed malignant cancers worldwide. Rectal cancers (Rcs) represent one-third of all CRCs. Cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking are two underestimated risk factors for RC. We aimed to evaluate the role of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking in modulating RC risk and to estimate the attributable fraction in a Mediterranean population.

Methods
In the Italian section of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, 45,553 healthy adults (31,252 women) were recruited and provided information about lifestyle and dietary habits. During 14.0 years of median follow-up, 154 incident RC cases were identified.

Results
In multivariate models, a increase in RC risk emerged among subjects drinking more than 3 drinks/day, overall (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–2.80), and in females (HR= 2.80; 95% CI 1.23–6.35), compared with drinkers of less than 1 drink/day. A increase in risk also emerged for current- compared with never-smokers, overall (HR = 1.57; 95% CI 1.06–2.35; P for trend 0.03) and among males (HR = 2.04; 95% CI 1.02–4.07; P for trend 0.045). Overall, 9% (95% CI 4–14%) of RC cases were attributable to drinking more than 3 drinks/day and 12% (95% CI 3–19%) were attributable to current smoke and 20% (95% CI 11–27%) of RC cases were attributable to the independent effects of these two exposures.

Conclusion
Our study supports a strategy to avoid a relevant proportion of rectal cancer cases through a combined reduction of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking.
Portal vein thrombosis prevalence and mortality among alcoholic cirrhosis in a nationwide inpatient cohort
Authors: Fan Xiaowen , Huang Xiaoquan , Hershman Melissa , Zheng Xin , Jiang Changchuan , Yue Bing , Weisberg Ilan 
Published: December 2019

Objectives:
Portal vein thrombosis is commonly associated with cirrhosis. The effect of alcoholic cirrhosis on portal vein thrombosis prevalence and mortality has not been well studied.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing the 2000–2014 National Inpatient Sample Database. We included patients older than 18 years with decompensated cirrhosis without a history of liver transplantation or hepatocellular carcinoma. We further identified patients with alcoholic cirrhosis vs. non-alcoholic cirrhosis. Primary outcomes included the risk and mortality of portal vein thrombosis in alcoholic cirrhosis. Secondary outcomes included trends of portal vein thrombosis prevalence and mortality in alcoholic cirrhosis, implications of portal vein thrombosis on complications in alcoholic cirrhosis vs. non-alcoholic cirrhosis, and risk of venous thromboembolism in alcoholic cirrhosis.

Results:
Among 1 892 271 patients with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis, portal vein thrombosis prevalence was 1.3%. Alcoholic cirrhosis was associated with lower risk of portal vein thrombosis (odds ratio 0.76, P < 0.001) and venous thromboembolism (odds ratio 0.69, P < 0.001) compared to non-alcoholic cirrhosis. Portal vein thrombosis contributed to increased mortality (odds ratio 1.19, P < 0.001) in alcoholic cirrhosis. Portal vein thrombosis prevalence among alcoholic cirrhosis increased while mortality declined during the study period.

Conclusion:
Thrombotic events including portal vein thrombosis and venous thromboembolism were found in less frequent association with alcoholic cirrhosis compared with non-alcoholic cirrhosis. Despite this, the higher in-hospital mortality found among portal vein thrombosis with alcoholic cirrhosis should prompt careful consideration of management.
Upper Limb Robotic Rehabilitation After Stroke: A Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Aprile Irene , Germanotta Marco , Cruciani Arianna , Loreti Simona , Pecchioli Cristiano , Cecchi Francesca , Montesano Angelo , Galeri Silvia , Diverio Manuela , Falsini Catuscia , Speranza Gabriele , Langone Emanuele , Papadopoulou Dionysia , Padua Luca , Carrozza Maria Chiara 
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose:
After stroke, only 12% of survivors obtain complete upper limb (UL) functional recovery, while in 30% to 60% UL deficits persist. Despite the complexity of the UL, prior robot-mediated therapy research has used only one robot in comparisons to conventional therapy. We evaluated the efficacy of robotic UL treatment using a set of 4 devices, compared with conventional therapy.

Methods:
In a multicenter, randomized controlled trial, 247 subjects with subacute stroke were assigned either to robotic (using a set of 4 devices) or to conventional treatment, each consisting of 30 sessions. Subjects were evaluated before and after treatment, with follow-up assessment after 3 months. The primary outcome measure was change from baseline in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) score. Secondary outcome measures were selected to assess motor function, activities, and participation.

Results:
One hundred ninety subjects completed the posttreatment assessment, with a subset (n = 122) returning for follow-up evaluation. Mean FMA score improvement in the robotic group was 8.50 (confidence interval: 6.82 to 10.17), versus 8.57 (confidence interval: 6.97 to 10.18) in the conventional group, with no significant between-groups difference (adjusted mean difference −0.08, P = 0.948). Both groups also had similar change in secondary measures, except for the Motricity Index, with better results for the robotic group (adjusted mean difference 4.42, P = 0.037). At follow-up, subjects continued to improve with no between-groups differences.

Discussion and Conclusions:
Robotic treatment using a set of 4 devices significantly improved UL motor function, activities, and participation in subjects with subacute stroke to the same extent as a similar amount of conventional therapy. Video Abstract is available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A291).
Outcome Evaluation of Highly Challenging Balance Training for People With Parkinson Disease: A Multicenter Effectiveness-Implementation Study
Authors: Leavy Breiffni , Joseph Conran , Löfgren Niklas , Johansson Hanna , Hagströmer Maria , Franzén Erika 
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose:
In order for people with Parkinson disease (PwPD) to benefit from neurorehabilitation research, interventions tested in research settings require assessment in real-world clinical practice. There is little evidence for whether efficacious exercise interventions for PwPD remain effective when transferred to standard clinical settings. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical effectiveness of the adapted HiBalance program on balance control and gait among PwPD.

Methods:
Participants (n = 117) with mild-moderate Parkinson disease were consecutively included into either the 10-week HiBalance group training (n = 61) or the control (n = 56) group. The main outcome was balance performance (Mini-BESTest). Secondary outcomes were comfortable gait speed (10-m Walk Test); functional mobility (Timed Up and Go [TUG] test) and dual-task interference (cognitive TUG test); physical activity level (steps per day); perceived balance confidence (Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale) and perceived walking difficulty (Walk-12G) and self-rated health (EQ-5D visual analog scale).

Results:
In total, 98 people completed the trial. Compared with controls, the training group showed significant improvement in balance performance (P < 0.001), gait speed (P = 0.001), and dual-task interference (P = 0.04) following the intervention. No group differences were observed for physical activity level or any patient-reported measures.

Discussion and Conclusions:
Highly challenging balance training is effective at improving balance, gait, and dual-task performance when delivered at a clinically feasible dose, in a range of rehabilitation settings, without direct involvement of the research group.

Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see the Video, Supplementary Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A299).