bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kidney Function and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: Examining the Role of Neurodegeneration
Authors: Guerville Florent , De Souto Barreto Philipe , Coley Nicola , Andrieu Sandrine , Mangin Jean‐François , Chupin Marie , Payoux Pierre , Ousset Pierre‐Jean , Rolland Yves , Vellas Bruno ,   the MAPT/DSA group
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESCognitive decline associated with impaired kidney function might involve neurodegeneration. Our objectives were to evaluate the longitudinal association between kidney function and cognitive decline in older adults and to assess the involvement of cortical beta‐amyloid and hippocampal atrophy (features of Alzheimer's disease (AD)) in this association.DESIGNSecondary analysis of the randomized controlled Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT).SETTINGSThirteen memory centers (France and Monaco, 2008–2016).PARTICIPANTSA total of 1,334 community‐dwellers >70 years old without dementia at baseline.MEASUREMENTSWe estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from serum creatinine using CKD‐Epi equation. Cognition was assessed at baseline, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months using a composite Z‐score designed for MAPT. The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score was used to assess cognition and functional independence. We examined the association between eGFR and (1) evolution of the composite cognitive Z‐score using mixed‐effect models and (2) progression on CDR using Cox models and mixed‐effect models. Adjustments were made for age, sex, education, ApoE genotype, cardiovascular risk factors and disease, hippocampal volume (measured with magnetic resonance), and cortical beta‐amyloid (measured with positron emission tomography).RESULTSMedian (IQR) eGFR was 73(60–84) mL/min/1.73 m2. Two hundred sixty‐nine participants experienced progression on CDR score during follow‐up. eGFR<60 was significantly associated with progression on CDR score (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.35, 95% CI 1.01–1.80) and with both the cognitive and functional independence components of CDR, but not with the evolution of the composite cognitive Z‐score (adjusted β‐coefficient −0.004, 95% CI −0.014; 0.006). Associations were not modified after further adjustment for beta‐amyloid (subsample: n = 252) and hippocampal volume (subsample: n = 270).CONCLUSIONSWe did not find a mild to moderate renal insufficiency to be associated with brain imaging features of AD, and our results do not support the involvement of AD mechanisms in the incidence of cognitive impairment and functional decline associated with chronic kidney disease.
Enhanced patient retention after combination vs single modality treatment using hyaluronic acid filler and neuromodulator: A multicenter, retrospective review by The Flame Group
Authors: Humphrey Shannon , de Almeida Ada Trindade , Safa Marva , Heydenrych Izolda , Roberts Stefania , Chantrey Jonquille , Ogilvie Patricia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is believed that combination treatment with both neuromodulators (NM) and hyaluronic acid soft‐tissue fillers (HA) results in superior aesthetic results and increased patient satisfaction compared to either treatment alone.AimsTo determine whether combined treatment with NM and HA leads to greater patient retention than treatment with NM or HA alone.Patients/MethodsThis is a large, multi‐center, retrospective review of patient retention rates from 7 aesthetic practices across 5 continents, incorporating over 2600 patients. Patient retention is interpreted as a surrogate marker for overall patient satisfaction. Retention rates were compared at 1, 3, and 5 years for patients who received NM only, HA only, or combination treatment with both NM and HA.ResultsCombination therapy significantly increased the probability of retention for each time point (1, 3, and 5 years) compared with NM alone (P < .0001) and HA alone (P < .0001).ConclusionThis large multicenter, global retrospective review demonstrates that patients who received combined HA and NM were more likely to be retained in the same practice over many years than those who received either treatment alone.
Corporate Entrepreneurship and Family Business: Learning Across Domains
Authors: Minola Tommaso , Kammerlander Nadine , Kellermanns Franz W. , Hoy Frank 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearch at the interface of corporate entrepreneurship (CE) and family firms’ domains has grown steadily based on the premise that family firms’ specific elements uniquely affect CE antecedents, strategies, and outcomes. However, much remains to be uncovered. In this article, we offer a theoretical advancement of a corporate entrepreneurship process model for the case of family firms organized around the categories of ontology (i.e., domain redefinition), epiphany (i.e., new components and mechanisms), and heterogeneity (i.e., family firm variety and contingencies). This development paves the way for an agenda for future research and for possible generalizations to non‐family firms.
An invasive grass species has both local and broad‐scale impacts on diversity: Potential mechanisms and implications
Authors: Lebbink Gabrielle , Dwyer John M. , Fensham Roderick J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractQuestionsThe impact of invasive plant species on native diversity varies with spatial scale, with some invaders leading to broad‐scale diversity declines and others to only local declines. These discrepancies may reflect the invaders” capacity to reduce niche opportunities across spatial scales which can be associated with their functional traits. We investigated impact‐scale relationships and trait‐based mechanisms, in areas invaded by the exotic perennial grass species, Bothriochloa pertusa. We examine root traits specifically, as below‐ground competition was considered particularly important to the success of this species.LocationGrassy “ironbark” woodlands of eastern Queensland, Australia.MethodsWe examined plots with varying degrees of invasion by B. pertusa, at multiple spatial scales (up to 1,000 m2) and analysed changes to the species–area relationships (SARs) with increasing invader cover. Changes to SARs were assessed in relation to the invaders” effect on rare (low patch occupancy) and common species in the community. In a separate analysis within the same habitat, we collected root cores across a gradient of invader cover and analysed changes to community root traits that were considered important correlates of competition for space and nutrients.ResultsInvasion‐induced reductions in diversity were pervasive at all scales investigated, and this was associated with a proportionally greater effect on rare species in the community. In the separate root analysis, changes in community root traits with increasing invader cover were potentially indicative of more intense competition for resources rather than space.ConclusionsThe observed regional‐scale dominance of B. pertusa and associated declines in diversity warrant serious concern for the conservation of native plant communities and species in a region already at risk from other anthropogenic threats. Intense competition for below‐ground resources is likely a contributing mechanism to the success of B. pertusa in this study system. Experimental examination of this and other mechanisms would help to validate these findings.
The changing scenario of hepatocellular carcinoma in Italy: an update
Authors: Garuti Francesca , Neri Andrea , Avanzato Francesca , Gramenzi Annagiulia , Rampoldi Davide , Rucci Paola , Farinati Fabio , Giannini Edoardo G. , Piscaglia Fabio , Rapaccini Gian Ludovico , Di Marco Maria , Caturelli Eugenio , Zoli Marco , Sacco Rodolfo , Cabibbo Giuseppe , Marra Fabio , Mega Andrea , Morisco Filomena , Gasbarrini Antonio , Svegliati‐Baroni Gianluca , Foschi Francesco G. , Missale Gabriele , Masotto Alberto , Nardone Gerardo , Raimondo Giovanni , Azzaroli Francesco , Vidili Gianpaolo , Brunetto Maurizia R. , Trevisani Franco ,   the ITA.LI.CA study group
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsEpidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is changing in most areas of the world. This study aimed at updating the changing scenario of aetiology, clinical presentation, management and prognosis of HCC in Italy during the last 15 years.MethodsRetrospective analysis of the Italian Liver Cancer (ITA.LI.CA) database included 6034 HCC patients managed in 23 centres from 2004 to 2018. Patients were divided into three groups according to the date of cancer diagnosis (2004‐2008, 2009‐2013 and 2014‐2018).ResultsThe main results were: (i) a progressive patient ageing; (ii) a progressive increase of non‐viral cases and, particularly, of ‘metabolic’ and ‘metabolic + alcohol’ HCCs; (iii) a slightly decline of cases diagnosed under surveillance, but with an incremental use of the semiannual schedule; (iv) a favourable cancer stage migration; (v) an increased use of radiofrequency ablation to the detriment of percutaneous ethanol injection; (vi) improved outcomes of ablative and transarterial treatments; (vii) an improved overall survival (adjusted for the lead time in surveyed patients) in the last calendar period, particularly in viral patients; (viii) a large gap between the number of potential candidates (according to oncologic criteria and age) to liver transplant and that of transplanted patients.ConclusionsDuring the last 15 years several aspects of HCC scenario have changed, as well as its management. The improvement in patient survival observed in the last period was likely because of a larger use of thermal ablation with respect to the less effective alcohol injection and to an improved management of intermediate stage patients.
Correlations between severity of anterior vaginal wall prolapse and parameters of urethral pressure profile
Authors: Chang Heng‐Wei , Ng Soo‐Cheen , Chen Gin‐Den 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies have shown that anterior vaginal wall prolapse (AVWP) results in reduction of pressure in the proximal urethra. However, the effect of severity of AVWP on urethral pressure is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate parameters of the urethral pressure profile in different stages of AVWP.Materials and methodsFrom 2016 to 2017, 286 consecutive patients with urogynecologic complaints who were referred to our urodynamic unit were enrolled in this study to analyze their urethral pressure profiles. Stages of AVWP were regrouped into three groups ranging from mild to severe stages (groups 1‐3). Maximal urethral pressure, urethral closure pressure, functional urethral length, length of continence zone, as well as area of continence zone were compared among these three groups.ResultsDistribution of age, parity, and menopausal women were significantly different among these three groups. Maximal urethral pressure (pressures for groups 1, 2, and 3 were 74.6∼75.9cmH2O, 69.7∼73.4cmH2O, and 58.3∼60.5cmH2O, respectively; all P<.05) and stress urethral closure pressure (pressures for groups 1, 2, and 3 were 69.3cmH2O, 62.3cmH2O, and 52.2cmH2O, respectively; all P<.05) gradually and significantly decreased, consistent with the severity of AVWP. However, the attenuated maximal urethral pressure and stress urethral closure pressure in accordance with severity did not show any significant difference after controlling for age, body mass index, parity, menopause, and stress urinary incontinence symptoms.ConclusionOur results showed that AVWP significantly attenuated urethral pressure. However, patient age, menopausal status, and number of parities seem to be more influential in compromising urethral function than just AVWP alone.
Phylogenetic and geographical analysis of a retrovirus during the early stages of endogenous adaptation and exogenous spread in a new host
Authors: Quigley Bonnie L. , Wedrowicz Faye , Hogan Fiona , Timms Peter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMost retroviral endogenization and host adaptation happened in the distant past, with the opportunity to study these processes as they occurred lost to time. An exception exists with the discovery that koala retrovirus (KoRV) has recently begun its endogenization into the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) genome. What makes this opportunity remarkable is the fact that Northern Australian koalas appear to be undergoing endogenization with one KoRV subtype (KoRV‐A), while all subtypes (KoRV‐A‐I) coexist exogenously, and Southern Australian koalas appear to carry all KoRV subtypes as an exogenous virus. To understand the distribution and relationship of all KoRV variants in koalas, the proviral KoRV envelope gene receptor binding domain was assessed across the koala's natural range. Examination of KoRV subtype‐specific proviral copy numbers per cell found that KoRV‐A proviral integration levels were consistent with endogenous incorporation in Northern Australia (southeast Queensland and northeast New South Wales) while revealing lower levels of KoRV‐A proviral integration (suggestive of exogenous incorporation) in southern regions (southeast New South Wales and Victoria). Phylogeographical analysis indicated that several major KoRV‐A variants were distributed uniformly across the country, while non‐KoRV‐A variants appeared to have undergone lineage diversification in geographically distinct regions. Further analysis of the major KoRV‐A variants revealed a distinct shift in variant proportions in southeast New South Wales, suggesting this as the geographical region where KoRV‐A transitions from being predominantly endogenous to exogenous in Australian koalas. Collectively, these findings advance both our understanding of KoRV in koalas and of retroviral endogenization and diversification in general.
Environmental drivers of habitat use by common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA
Authors: Greller Rachael , Mazzoli Marilyn , Titcomb Elizabeth , Nelson Brandy , Paperno Richard , Markwith Scott H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic impacts in estuarine systems can influence marine mammal habitat use, population dynamics, fitness, and mortality events. The objective was to examine habitat use among the resident common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) population inhabiting the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, and the influences of variation in environmental factors and prey availability in 2003–2015. We utilized photo‐identification surveys, stratified random samples of prey, and environmental variables collected monthly. Kernel density estimation was used to determine the magnitude‐per‐unit area of dolphins across the IRL by wet and dry seasons each year, the values were used as a response variable in classification and regression tree analyses with fish community and environmental variables as predictors. Spatial patterns in dolphin density in the IRL were associated with salinity and dissolved oxygen levels, which are in part associated with freshwater discharges of nutrient and algae laden waters from the region's storm water management system. These findings isolate locations of concern for management of dolphin habitat, and anthropogenic drivers of dolphin distributions requiring further research.
Invasive dermatophyte infection: A systematic review
Authors: Wang Ruojun , Huang Chen , Zhang Yi , Li Ruoyu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDermatophyte infections usually present as various types of superficial cutaneous mycoses; on very rare occasions, dermatophytes enter deep into the dermis and cause invasive infections. In this study, we aimed to perform a systematic review of all reported invasive dermatophytosis cases over the past 20 years. We performed systematic searches in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE and Web of Science and identified 123 papers reporting 160 individual cases of invasive dermatophytosis between 2000 and 2020. Our study included 103 (64.4%) males, and the mean age at diagnosis was 43.0 years (range: 3–87 years). The most common predisposing factor was superficial dermatophytosis (56.9%), followed by solid organ transplantation (26.9%), the use of topical immunosuppressants (15.6%), gene mutations (14.4%), diabetes (14.4%) and trauma (6.9%). Trichophyton (T.) rubrum was the most prevalent pathogen (53.1%) responsible for invasive dermatophytosis, followed by T. mentagrophytes (7.5%), Microsporum canis (6.9%), T. tonsurans (5.6%), T. interdigitale (5.0%) and T. violaceum (3.8%). Patients with CARD9 or STAT3 mutations were prone to have mixed infection of two or more dermatophytes, present with eosinophilia and high IgE, and develop disseminated infections. Overall mortality was 7.9%, and the mortality in patients with and without gene mutations was 17.4% and 5.5%, respectively. Most of the normal host patients responded well to oral antifungal agents, while gene‐deficient patients usually required lifelong treatment to stabilise their infection status. Our review indicated the importance of preventive treatment of superficial tinea in patients with immunosuppression and gene deficiencies to avoid the development of invasive dermatophytosis.
Diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with persistent allergic asthma using three different diagnostic algorithms
Authors: Mortezaee Vida , Mahdaviani Seyed Alireza , Pourabdollah Mihan , Hassanzad Maryam , Mirenayat Maryam Sadat , Mehrian Payam , Behnampour Naser , Yazdani Charati Jamshid , Peirovi Zahra , Sharifynia Somayeh , Seyedmousavi Seyedmojtaba , Hedayati Mohammad T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAllergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) has been reported in various degrees among patients with persistent allergic asthma (PAA). Currently, there is no gold standard approach for diagnosis of ABPA.ObjectivesIn the current study, we aimed the evaluation of three different mainly used algorithms as Rosenberg & Patterson (A), ISHAM Working Group (B) and Greenberger (C) for diagnosis of ABPA in 200 patients with underlying PAA.MethodsAll patients were evaluated using Aspergillus skin prick test (SPTAf), Aspergillus‐specific IgE (sIgEAf) and IgG (sIgGAf), total IgE (tIgE), pulmonary function tests, radiological findings and peripheral blood eosinophil count. The prevalence rate of ABPA in PAA patients was estimated by three diagnostic criteria. We used Latent Class Analysis for the evaluation of different diagnostic parameters in different applied ABPA diagnostic algorithms.ResultsAspergillus sensitisation was observed in 30 (15.0%) patients. According to algorithms A, B and C, nine (4.5%), six (3.0%) and 11 (5.5%) of patients were diagnosed with ABPA, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of criteria B and C were (55.6% and 99.5%) and (100.0% and 98.9%) respectively. sIgEAf and sIgGAf showed the high significant sensitivity. The performance of algorithm A, in terms of sensitivity and specificity, was somewhat better than algorithm B.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that the sensitivity of different diagnostic algorithms could change the prevalence rate of ABPA. We also found that all of three criteria resulted an adequate specificity for ABPA diagnosis. A consensus patterns combining elements of all three criteria may warrant a better diagnostic algorithm.
How to count structure
Authors: Barrett Thomas William 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere is sometimes a sense in which one theory posits ‘less structure’ than another. Philosophers of science have recently appealed to this idea both in the debate about equivalence of theories and in discussions about structural parsimony. But there are a number of different proposals currently on the table for how to compare the ‘amount of structure’ that different theories posit. The aim of this paper is to compare these proposals against one another and evaluate them on their own merits.
Whole‐tree mesophyll conductance reconciles isotopic and gas‐exchange estimates of water‐use efficiency
Authors: Gimeno Teresa E. , Campany Courtney E. , Drake John E. , Barton Craig V.M. , Tjoelker Mark G. , Ubierna Nerea , Marshall John D. 
Published: November 2020

Summary

Photosynthetic water‐use efficiency (WUE) describes the link between terrestrial carbon (C) and water cycles. Estimates of intrinsic WUE (iWUE) from gas exchange and C isotopic composition (δ13C) differ due to an internal conductance in the leaf mesophyll (gm) that is variable and seldom computed.

We present the first direct estimates of whole‐tree gm, together with iWUE from whole‐tree gas exchange and δ13C of the phloem (δ13Cph). We measured gas exchange, online 13C‐discrimination, and δ13Cph monthly throughout spring, summer, and autumn in Eucalyptus tereticornis grown in large whole‐tree chambers. Six trees were grown at ambient temperatures and six at a 3°C warmer air temperature; a late‐summer drought was also imposed.

Drought reduced whole‐tree gm. Warming had few direct effects, but amplified drought‐induced reductions in whole‐tree gm. Whole‐tree gm was similar to leaf gm for these same trees. iWUE estimates from δ13Cph agreed with iWUE from gas exchange, but only after incorporating gm. δ13Cph was also correlated with whole‐tree 13C‐discrimination, but offset by −2.5 ± 0.7‰, presumably due to post‐photosynthetic fractionations.

We conclude that δ13Cph is a good proxy for whole‐tree iWUE, with the caveats that post‐photosynthetic fractionations and intrinsic variability of gm should be incorporated to provide reliable estimates of this trait in response to abiotic stress.
Bitter and sweet make tomato hard to (b)eat
Authors: You Yaohua , van Kan Jan A.L. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThe glycoalkaloid saponin α‐tomatine is a tomato‐specific secondary metabolite that accumulates to millimolar levels in vegetative tissues and has antimicrobial and antinutritional activity that kills microbial pathogens and deters herbivorous insects. We describe recent insights into the biosynthetic pathway of α‐tomatine synthesis and its regulation. We discuss the mode of action of α‐tomatine by physically interacting with sterols, thereby disrupting membranes, and how tomato protects itself from its toxic action. Tomato pathogenic microbes can enzymatically hydrolyze, and thereby inactivate, α‐tomatine using either of three distinct types of glycosyl hydrolases. We also describe findings that extend well beyond the simple concept of plants producing toxins and pathogens inactivating them. There are reports that toxicity of α‐tomatine is modulated by external pH, that α‐tomatine can trigger programmed cell death in fungi, that cellular localization matters for the impact of α‐tomatine on invading microbes, and that α‐tomatine breakdown products generated by microbial hydrolytic enzymes can modulate plant immune responses. Finally, we address a number of outstanding questions that deserve attention in the future.