bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Writers in the Secret Garden
Authors: Aragon Cecilia , Davis Katie 
Published: November 2019

An in-depth examination of the novel ways young people support and learn from each other though participation in online fanfiction communities.
Over the past twenty years, amateur fanfiction writers have published an astonishing amount of fiction in online repositories. More than 1.5 million enthusiastic fanfiction writers—primarily young people in their teens and twenties—have contributed nearly seven million stories and more than 176 million reviews to a single online site, Fanfiction.net. In this book, Cecilia Aragon and Katie Davis provide an in-depth examination of fanfiction writers and fanfiction repositories, finding that these sites are not shallow agglomerations and regurgitations of pop culture but rather online spaces for sophisticated and informal learning. Through their participation in online fanfiction communities, young people find ways to support and learn from one another.
Aragon and Davis term this novel system of interactive advice and instruction distributed mentoring, and describe its seven attributes, each of which is supported by an aspect of networked technologies: aggregation, accretion, acceleration, abundance, availability, asynchronicity, and affect. Employing an innovative combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses, they provide an in-depth ethnography, reporting on a nine-month study of three fanfiction sites, and offer a quantitative analysis of lexical diversity in the 61.5 billion words on the Fanfiction.net site. Going beyond fandom, Aragon and Davis consider how distributed mentoring could improve not only other online learning platforms but also formal writing instruction in schools.
The Feeling of Life Itself
Authors: Koch Christof 
Published: November 2019

A thought-provoking argument that consciousness—more widespread than previously assumed—is the feeling of being alive, not a type of computation or a clever hack.
In The Feeling of Life Itself, Christof Koch offers a straightforward definition of consciousness as any subjective experience, from the most mundane to the most exalted—the feeling of being alive. Psychologists study which cognitive operations underpin a given conscious perception. Neuroscientists track the neural correlates of consciousness in the brain, the organ of the mind. But why the brain and not, say, the liver? How can the brain—three pounds of highly excitable matter, a piece of furniture in the universe, subject to the same laws of physics as any other piece—give rise to subjective experience? Koch argues that what is needed to answer these questions is a quantitative theory that starts with experience and proceeds to the brain. In The Feeling of Life Itself, Koch outlines such a theory, based on integrated information.
Koch describes how the theory explains many facts about the neurology of consciousness and how it has been used to build a clinically useful consciousness meter. The theory predicts that many, and perhaps all, animals experience the sights and sounds of life; consciousness is much more widespread than conventionally assumed. Contrary to received wisdom, however, Koch argues that programmable computers will not have consciousness. Even a perfect software model of the brain is not conscious. Its simulation is fake consciousness. Consciousness is not a special type of computation—it is not a clever hack. Consciousness is about being.
Fake Photos
Authors: Farid Hany 
Published: November 2019

A concise and accessible guide to techniques for detecting doctored and fake images in photographs and digital media.
Stalin, Mao, Hitler, Mussolini, and other dictators routinely doctored photographs so that the images aligned with their messages. They erased people who were there, added people who were not, and manipulated backgrounds. They knew if they changed the visual record, they could change history. Once, altering images required hours in the darkroom; today, it can be done with a keyboard and mouse. Because photographs are so easily faked, fake photos are everywhere—supermarket tabloids, fashion magazines, political ads, and social media. How can we tell if an image is real or false? In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Hany Farid offers a concise and accessible guide to techniques for detecting doctored and fake images in photographs and digital media.
Farid, an expert in photo forensics, has spent two decades developing techniques for authenticating digital images. These techniques model the entire image-creation process in order to find the digital disruption introduced by manipulation of the image. Each section of the book describes a different technique for analyzing an image, beginning with those requiring minimal technical expertise and advancing to those at intermediate and higher levels. There are techniques for, among other things, reverse image searches, metadata analysis, finding image imperfections introduced by JPEG compression, image cloning, tracing pixel patterns, and detecting images that are computer generated. In each section, Farid describes the techniques, explains when they should be applied, and offers examples of image analysis.
The Lost Planets
Authors: Wenz John 
Published: November 2019

A fascinating account of the pioneering astronomer who claimed (erroneously) to have discovered a planet outside the solar system.
There are innumerable planets revolving around innumerable stars across our galaxy. Between 2009 and 2018, NASA's Kepler space telescope discovered thousands of them. But exoplanets—planets outside the solar system—appeared in science fiction before they appeared in telescopes. Astronomers in the early decades of the twentieth century spent entire careers searching for planets in other stellar systems. In The Lost Planets, John Wenz offers an account of the pioneering astronomer Peter van de Kamp, who was one of the first to claim discovery of exoplanets.
Van de Kamp, working at Swarthmore College's observatory, announced in 1963 that he had identified a planet around Barnard's Star, the second-closest star system to the Sun. He cited the deviations in Barnard's star's path—“wobbles” that suggested a large object was lurching around the star. Van de Kamp became something of a celebrity (appearing on a television show with “Mr. Wizard,” Don Henry), but subsequent research did not support his claims. Wenz describes van de Kamp's stubborn refusal to accept that he was wrong, discusses the evidence found by other researchers, and explains recent advances in exoplanet detection, including transit, radial velocity, direct imaging, and microlensing.
Van de Kamp retired from Swarthmore in 1972, and died in 1995 at 93. In 2009, Swarthmore named its new observatory the Peter van de Kamp Observatory. In the 1990s, astronomers discovered and confirmed the first planet outside our solar system. In 2018, an exoplanet was detected around Barnard's Star—not, however, the one van de Kamp thought he had discovered in 1963.
Handprints on Hubble
Authors: Sullivan Kathryn D. 
Published: November 2019

The first American woman to walk in space recounts her experience as part of the team that launched, rescued, repaired, and maintained the Hubble Space Telescope.
The Hubble Space Telescope has revolutionized our understanding of the universe. It has, among many other achievements, revealed thousands of galaxies in what seemed to be empty patches of sky; transformed our knowledge of black holes; found dwarf planets with moons orbiting other stars; and measured precisely how fast the universe is expanding. In Handprints on Hubble, retired astronaut Kathryn Sullivan describes her work on the NASA team that made all of this possible. Sullivan, the first American woman to walk in space, recounts how she and other astronauts, engineers, and scientists launched, rescued, repaired, and maintained Hubble, the most productive observatory ever built.
Along the way, Sullivan chronicles her early life as a “Sputnik Baby,” her path to NASA through oceanography, and her initiation into the space program as one of “thirty-five new guys.” (She was also one of the first six women to join NASA's storied astronaut corps.) She describes in vivid detail what liftoff feels like inside a spacecraft (it's like “being in an earthquake and a fighter jet at the same time”), shows us the view from a spacewalk, and recounts the temporary grounding of the shuttle program after the Challenger disaster.
Sullivan explains that “maintainability” was designed into Hubble, and she describes the work of inventing the tools and processes that made on-orbit maintenance possible. Because in-flight repair and upgrade was part of the plan, NASA was able to fix a serious defect in Hubble's mirrors—leaving literal and metaphorical “handprints on Hubble.”
Handprints on Hubble was published with the support of the MIT Press Fund for Diverse Voices.
Virtual Reality
Authors: Greengard Samuel 
Published: November 2019

A comprehensive overview of developments in augmented reality, virtual reality, and mixed reality—and how they could affect every part of our lives.
After years of hype, extended reality—augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR)—has entered the mainstream. Commercially available, relatively inexpensive VR headsets transport wearers to other realities—fantasy worlds, faraway countries, sporting events—in ways that even the most ultra-high-definition screen cannot. AR glasses receive data in visual and auditory forms that are more useful than any laptop or smartphone can deliver. Immersive MR environments blend physical and virtual reality to create a new reality. In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, technology writer Samuel Greengard offers an accessible overview of developments in extended reality, explaining the technology, considering the social and psychological ramifications, and discussing possible future directions.

Greengard describes the history and technological development of augmented and virtual realities, including the latest research in the field, and surveys the various shapes and forms of VR, AR, and MR, including head-mounted displays, mobile systems, and goggles. He examines the way these technologies are shaping and reshaping some professions and industries, and explores how extended reality affects psychology, morality, law, and social constructs. It's not a question of whether extended reality will become a standard part of our world, he argues, but how, when, and where these technologies will take hold. Will extended reality help create a better world? Will it benefit society as a whole? Or will it merely provide financial windfalls for a select few? Greengard's account equips us to ask the right questions about a transformative technology.
See Sooner, Act Faster
Authors: Day George S. , Schoemaker Paul J. H. 
Published: November 2019

How organizations can anticipate threats, spot opportunities, and act faster when the time is right; with rich examples including Adobe, MasterCard, and Amazon.
When turbulence is the new normal, an organization's survival depends on vigilant leadership that can anticipate threats, spot opportunities, and act quickly when the time is right. In See Sooner, Act Faster, strategy experts George Day and Paul Schoemaker offer tools for thriving when digital advances intensify turbulence.
Vigilant firms have greater foresight than their rivals, while vulnerable firms often miss early signals of external threats and organizational challenges. Charles Schwab, for example, was early to see and act on the promise of “robo-advisors”; Honeywell, on the other hand, stumbled when Nest Labs came out first with a “smart” thermostat. Day and Schoemaker show leaders how to assess their vigilance capabilities and cultivate insight and foresight throughout their organizations. They draw on a range of cases, including Adobe and Intuit's move to the cloud, Shell's investment in clean energy, and MasterCard's early recognition of digital challenges.
Day and Schoemaker describe how to allocate the scarce resource of attention, how to detect weak signals and separate them from background noise, and how to respond strategically before competitors do. The challenge is not just to act faster but to act wisely, and the authors suggest ways to create dynamic portfolios of options. Finally, they offer an action agenda, with tips for fostering vigilance and agility throughout an organization. The rewards are stronger market positions, higher profits and growth, more motivated employees, and organization longevity.
Why Humans Matter More Than Ever
Authors: MIT Sloan Management Review  
Published: November 2019

Experts offer strategies for managing people in technocentric times.
In these technocentric times, it is more important than ever to manage people well. Companies—employees and managers—may feel overwhelmed by the never-ending disruptions caused by new technologies. This volume in the Digital Future of Management series shows why we should step back, take stock, and seize just a bit more control over how our world is evolving. In Why Humans Matter More Than Ever, management experts from both industry and academia offer strategies for managing people in our brave new digital world.
The contributors explain how new technologies, even the most sophisticated artificial intelligence agents, depend on human collaboration. Companies need to develop rules, principles, and clear ethical guidelines that structure smart object–human interactions. Moreover, in a world filled with technology distractions, we must learn to how to manage our most valuable personal resource: our attention. Leaders need to step up to prepare their organizations for the evolution of work, showing them how to adapt, be more collaborative, and learn new skills. As virtual collaborations take place across professions, locations, and industries, we must adopt the best practices in virtual communication. Finally, going beyond empathy and curiosity, leaders should be self-aware enough to remind themselves of what they may be missing—even the best managers don't know everything.

Contributors Lynne Andersson, Robert D. Austin, Catherine Bailey, Kathryn M. Bartol, Daniel Han Ming Chng, Chris DeBrusk, Arati Deo, Kishore Durg, Lauren Eskreis-Winkler, Mallika Fernandes, Ayelet Fishbach, Fritz Fleischmann, Kristen Getchell, Bhaskar Ghosh, Brad Gilbreath, Rob Gleasure, Sergey Gorbatov, Lynda Gratton, N. Sharon Hill, Beth Humberd, Bala Iyer, Tae-Yeol Kim, Frieda Klotz, Angela Lane, Scott Latham, Thomas W. Malone, Daniel McDuff, Alain Pinsonneault, Yasser Rahrovani, Fabrizio Salvador, Amanda Shantz, Antti Tenhiälä, Jan vom Brocke, Eoin Whelan
Evaluation of performance of leading algorithms for variant pathogenicity predictions and designing a combinatory predictor method: application to Rett syndrome variants
Authors: Ganakammal Satishkumar Ranganathan , Alexov Emil 
Published: November 2019

Background
Genomics diagnostic tests are done for a wide spectrum of complex genetics conditions such as autism and cancer. The growth of technology has not only aided in successfully decoding the genetic variants that causes or trigger these disorders. However, interpretation of these variants is not a trivial task even at a level of distinguish pathogenic vs benign variants.

Methods
We used the clinically significant variants from ClinVar database to evaluate the performance of 14 most popular in-silico predictors using supervised learning methods. We implemented a feature selection and random forest classification algorithm to identify the best combination of predictors to evaluate the pathogenicity of a variant. Finally, we have also utilized this combination of predictors to reclassify the variants of unknown significance in MeCP2 gene that are associated with the Rett syndrome.

Results
The results from analysis shows an optimized selection of prediction algorithm and developed a combinatory predictor method. Our combinatory approach of using both best performing independent and ensemble predictors reduces any algorithm biases in variant characterization. The reclassification of variants (such as VUS) in MECP2 gene associated with RETT syndrome suggest that the combinatory in-silico predictor approach had a higher success rate in categorizing their pathogenicity.
Effects of Hyperthermia on Erythrocyte Parameters of Carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758) from Bardaca Swamp, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Dzafic Subha , Bakrac Azra , Suljevic Damir , Dekic Radoslav 
Published: November 2019

Thermal changes in water cause many metabolic changes that manifest themselves in physiological fish adaptations. The analysis of hematologic and biochemical blood parameters provides important information on environmental influences on the health status of fish. The hematocrit (HCT) (l/l), hemoglobin concentration (Hb) (g/l), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (fl), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) (pg), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (g/l) and red blood cells (RBC) (x1012/L) were analyzed. Animals were grouped into two groups: control (n=10) and experimental (n=16).
The experimental fish were exposed to 28°C for 30 min. Puncture of the heart was done and the blood without anticoagulant was analyzed. During hyperthermia, an increase in hematological parameters was observed, except for MCV values that were low. Significant differences were established only for the number of erythrocytes and the hematocrit values (p<0.05).
The results showed a decrease in MCV and an increase in the value of other erythrocyte parameters. Significant changes in the number of erythrocyte and hematocrit values were found. Some hematological parameters such as erythrocyte and MCV values are significant stress indicators and can serve us as important factors for physiological adaptations of fish.
The carp shows excellent ability to adjust to temperature variations that can be seen through the analysis of hematological status.
Climate Change: Vulnerability of the Niger Delta Region, in Nigeria
Authors: Udinmade Ighedosa Stephena 
Published: November 2019

Climate change is not just a global threat, but an unprecedented public health emergency. Climate change has been characterized by global warming, increased frequency and intensity of precipitation, catastrophic wind events, and extreme weather events, associated with heat waves, flooding disasters, and prolonged droughts. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) attributes climate change to anthropogenic or human activities. Globally, the most vulnerable regions, to hazardous impacts of climate change, are the mega-deltas of Africa and Asia, due to high exposure to sea level rise, storm surges, coastal erosion, and river flooding, compounded by increasing human-induced pressures on coastal areas. The vulnerability of the Niger Delta region, is exacerbated by oil spillages, gas flaring. and environmental degradation.
This review article highlights, the urgent implementation of mitigation and adaptation as opportunities for full transformation of economies, of the Niger delta region, in line with sustainable developmental goals (SDGs).
2D Perovskite Sr2Nb3O10 for High‐Performance UV Photodetectors
Authors: Li Siyuan , Zhang Yong , Yang Wei , Liu Hui , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: November 2019

Abstract2D perovskites, due to their unique properties and reduced dimension, are promising candidates for future optoelectronic devices. However, the development of stable and nontoxic 2D wide‐bandgap perovskites remains a challenge. 2D all‐inorganic perovskite Sr2Nb3O10 (SNO) nanosheets with thicknesses down to 1.8 nm are synthesized by liquid exfoliation, and for the first time, UV photodetectors (PDs) based on individual few‐layer SNO sheets are investigated. The SNO sheet‐based PDs exhibit excellent UV detecting performance (narrowband responsivity = 1214 A W−1, external quantum efficiency = 5.6 × 105%, detectivity = 1.4 × 1014 Jones @270 nm, 1 V bias), and fast response speed (trise ≈ 0.4 ms, tdecay ≈ 40 ms), outperforming most reported individual 2D sheet‐based UV PDs. Furthermore, the carrier transport properties of SNO and the performance of SNO‐based phototransistors are successfully controlled by gate voltage. More intriguingly, the photodetecting performance and carrier transport properties of SNO sheets are dependent on their thickness. In addition, flexible and transparent PDs with high mechanical stability are easily fabricated based on SNO nanosheet film. This work sheds light on the development of high‐performance optoelectronics based on low‐dimensional wide‐bandgap perovskites in the future.
First‐Principles Simulation of Carrier Recombination Mechanisms in Halide Perovskites
Authors: Zhang Xie , Shen Jimmy‐Xuan , Van de Walle Chris G. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn recent years, there have been remarkable developments in halide perovskites, which are used in highly efficient optoelectronic devices and exhibit intriguing materials physics. Detailed knowledge of carrier recombination mechanisms is essential for understanding their excellent performance and to further increase their efficiency. Obtaining such knowledge is challenging however, and different studies have reached divergent conclusions in some cases. This progress report outlines the critical developments in understanding the carrier recombination mechanisms in halide perovskites from a computational perspective. The primary focus is radiative and Auger recombination, since they have not been systematically assessed and discussed before, and a number of important issues have been actively debated. This comprehensive discussion of the carrier recombination mechanisms is aimed at establishing physically justified insights that can form the basis for better materials and devices design.
Effects of Tween 20 and Transglutaminase Modifications on the Functional Properties of Peanut Proteins
Authors: Zhang Shao Bing , Wang Xiao Hua , Li Xia , Yan Dong Qiong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe effects of Tween 20 on the emulsification and gelation properties of peanut protein isolates (PPI) were investigated. The functional properties of different peanut protein products, including PPI, Tween 20‐assisted aqueous extraction peanut proteins (TPP), and their transglutaminase‐modified products (TG‐TPP), were then compared. The results indicate that the addition of Tween 20 to the PPI resulted in higher emulsifying activity index (EAI) and emulsion stability index (ESI) values than PPI without Tween 20; however, the emulsions produced by the PPI–Tween 20 mixtures were easier to destabilize during storage. As the amount of Tween 20 was increased, both the surface hydrophobicity and gel strength of the PPI–Tween mixtures significantly decreased. TPP (containing approximately 11% Tween 20) exhibited significantly different functional properties from PPI. Compared with PPI, TPP had higher EAI and ESI values but a weaker heat‐induced gelation ability. The protein solubility of TPP was markedly higher than that of PPI. Modification of TPP with transglutaminase (TGase) significantly enhanced their gelation and oil‐binding properties but reduced the protein solubility and ESI value. The remarkable improvement in the gelation ability of TG‐TPP was mainly attributed to the formation of high‐molecular‐weight protein aggregates and their conformational changes.