bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jasmonates alleviate spikelet‐opening impairment caused by high temperature stress during anthesis of photo‐thermo‐sensitive genic male sterile rice lines
Authors: Yang Jianchang , Fei Keqi , Chen Jing , Wang Zhiqin , Zhang Weiyang , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHybrids produced by photo‐thermo‐sensitive genic male sterile (PTSGMS) rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines crossed with restorer lines have huge heterosis. However, PTSGMS rice lines show serious spikelet‐opening impairment as high temperature (HT) stress occurs during anthesis. Its physiological mechanism remains unclear. Jasmonates (JAs) are novel phytohormones and play important roles in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. This study investigated whether and how JAs mediate the effect of HT stress during anthesis on spikelet‐opening of PTSGMS rice lines. Three PTSGMS rice lines were pot‐grown and subjected to HT stress during anthesis. The concentrations of jasmonic acid (JA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ascorbic acid (AsA), and soluble sugars and activities of catalase and α‐amylase in the lodicules that locate at the base inside the lemma and function spikelet‐opening were determined. The results showed that increases or decreases in JA and MeJA concentrations in the lodicules under HT stress varied with PTSGMS lines. A PTSGMS line with higher JA and MeJA concentrations under HT stress exhibited a higher opened‐spikelet rate and also showed a higher fertilized‐spikelet rate and a higher seed yield when the line was crossed with a restorer line. Both JA and MeJA concentrations were very significantly (p = .01) and positively correlated with AsA concentrations and activities of catalase and α‐amylase, whereas were negatively correlated with H2O2 concentration. Increases in concentrations of JAs in lodicules by applying JA or MeJA under HT stress during anthesis significantly increased activities of catalase and α‐amylase and concentrations of AsA and soluble sugars, and significantly decreased H2O2 concentration in the lodicules, and, accordingly, increased opened‐spikelet rate. The results suggest that JAs play an important role in alleviating spikelet‐opening impairment caused by HT stress during anthesis through enhancing antioxidant ability and osmotic regulation in the lodicules of PTSGMS rice lines.
Earnings announcement timing, uncertainty, and volatility risk premiums
Authors: Adams Tom , Neururer Thaddeus 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe examine the relationship between firms’ quarterly earnings report timing and uncertainty before quarterly earnings announcements. Prior research provides conflicting predictions on how investor uncertainty and report timing are related. Using implied volatilities from equity options and the realized returns to straddle positions, we find evidence that uncertainty and volatility risk premiums are higher for firms that report later in the quarter. Further tests show that the increase in option premiums is unexplained by risk factors suggesting a mispricing by investors. These results are not associated with static firm‐level factors and our findings are concentrated in high growth firms.
A new look at the relationships between transformational leadership and employee attitudes—Does a high‐performance work system substitute and/or enhance these relationships?
Authors: Ehrnrooth Mats , Barner‐Rasmussen Wilhelm , Koveshnikov Alexei , Törnroos Maria 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEven while attempting to explain the same outcomes, research on leadership and on human resource management (HRM) have largely progressed on parallel trajectories. We extend recent efforts to bring these fields closer together by testing how employee perceptions of a high‐performance work system (HPWS) and transformational leadership (TL), independently and jointly, influence four important employee attitudes. Analyses of 308 subordinates of 76 managers in five multinational companies suggest that a HPWS substitutes for much of the independent influence of TL and constitutes an important boundary condition for some of this influence. Implications for future research on HRM and leadership are discussed.
Safety and delivery efficiency of a photodynamic treatment of the lungs using indocyanine green and extracorporeal near infrared illumination
Authors: Kassab Giulia , Cheburkanov Vsevolod , Willis Jace , Moule Madeleine G. , Kurachi Cristina , Yakovlev Vladislav , Cirillo Jeffrey D. , Bagnato Vanderlei S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPhotodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a promising alternative for combating infections caused by antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Pneumonias are among the most worrisome infections because of their high‐mortality rate. Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of using PDI with extracorporeal light to treat pneumonia. In this study, we analyzed key parameters for the viability of this treatment, including the selectivity of the photodynamic response for pathogens over host cells. Our results showed that PDI can induce killing of Staphylococcus aureus (of up to 4.18 log for the strain Xen29 and 3.62 log for Xen36) under conditions where little or no toxicity for host cells is observed. We validated pulmonary delivery of the photosensitizer and light in mice, using photobleaching as an indicator, and demonstrated preservation of healthy tissues as evidence of the safety of the protocol. Overall, PDI displays low toxicity on host tissues, making it a promising tool for treatment of pneumonias caused by S. aureus and other important pathogens.
Valid or voodoo? A qualitative study of attorney perceptions of risk assessment in sentencing and plea bargaining
Authors: Metz Anne , Monahan John , Siebert Luke , Garrett Brandon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrior research largely has explored judicial perceptions of risk assessment in sentencing. Little is known about how other court actors, specifically, prosecutors and defense attorneys, perceive risk assessments in the sentencing process. Here, we report a qualitative study on the use of risk assessment by prosecutors and defense attorneys in Virginia. A prior survey (n = 70) pointed to a statistically significant difference in how prosecutors and defense attorneys view the role of recidivism risk in sentencing. On the basis of the results of this quantitative study, we collected follow‐up qualitative data via interview (n = 30) to explain this unexpected difference. Analysis confirmed the survey findings that prosecutors and defense attorneys differ in their perceptions of risk assessment in sentencing. Results suggest that court actor perceptions vary as a function of professional role in the service of the identified client (the community or the defendant) and their interests. Although perceptions diverged on utility risk assessment in sentencing, both prosecutors and defense attorneys were outspoken in their skepticism of the Nonviolent Risk Assessment instrument that is used to predict recidivism risk in Virginia. This latter finding identifies obstacles that may emerge as jurisdictions adopt a risk‐based approach to sentencing. We conclude with recommendations for addressing these barriers that may provide useful guidance on the implementation process.
A South African perspective on community psychology practice competencies
Authors: Akhurst Jacqueline 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe appropriateness of the paradigm underlying competency frameworks and their specific application in the list of definitions developed by a Task Group of Society for Community Research and Action (SCRA) for US community psychologists need further consideration. This paper considers the technicist and behavioural roots of some of these concepts, illustrating tensions when applying them to community psychology. It then proposes a competency perspective from the global South. Drawing from focus group discussions with, and written reflections from, postgraduate Master's students in training as clinical and counselling psychologists, this paper builds inductively from the recorded data. Following a template analysis of the material, four integrating themes were evident. The distinctive nature of community psychology is highlighted through the themes: relational foundations, activity evolution, self‐management and the awareness and influences of processes. Proposals for an alternative framework (“RASP”) are based on its emergence from the applications of learning to practice, emphasising community‐based principles. The importance of reflection as the basis for the learning is highlighted. The imperatives to foreground social justice and to enable reflexive thinking on action are discussed, along with concepts based on Humanist and Social Constructivist paradigms, to lead to more interactive and inclusive processes in work on competencies.
Mentors' experiences of mentoring justice‐involved adolescents: A narrative of developing cultural consciousness through connection
Authors: Duron Jacquelynn F. , Williams‐Butler Abigail , Schmidt Adam T. , Colon Leslie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMentoring provides a relational intervention that can promote positive youth development among adolescents who are involved in the juvenile justice system. The perspectives of mentors engaging these youth, particularly insights considered through a cultural humility lens, have been largely absent from the literature to date. This study examined predominately White, middle‐ to upper‐class adult mentors' experiences mentoring racially diverse, working‐class youth. Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were completed with 23 mentors participating in a community‐based mentoring program. Themes were derived from inductive content analysis. Emergent themes illustrative of the mentoring process included (a) establishing a connection despite differences, (b) identifying mentees' personal and environmental challenges, and (c) raising consciousness around structural issues. Despite coming from different backgrounds and experiences, mentors who worked with justice‐involved adolescents were motivated to connect with their mentees. Mentors developed a greater awareness of structural challenges influencing adolescents by learning about the multifaceted experiences and needs of their mentees.
Hysteresis and eddy‐current losses in electrical steel utilising edge degradation due to cutting effects
Authors: Elfgen Silas , Rasilo Paavo , Hameyer Kay 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCutting of electrical steel sheets typically deteriorates the permeability and increases the iron loss close to the cutting edges. We estimated iron losses in the cross‐section of electrical steel sheets by numerically solving the 1‐D and 2‐D eddy‐current distributions while accounting for static magnetic behaviour with a hysteresis model. The magnetization curves in the cross‐section are defined using a continuous local material model, making them dependent on the distance from the cut edge by a degradation profile. Damaged and undamaged hysteresis loops were identified by measurements of different wide strips of M400‐50A steel sheets. The eddy‐current distributions were solved when the strips of different widths were excited with sinusoidal average flux densities at different frequencies. It was found that the cutting degradation also affects the eddy‐current loss particularly around 1.0 T. The exact shape of the degradation profile was found to be less significant while the increase of excess losses is significant for the overall loss estimation.
Predictive Validity of Body Mass Index Cutoff Values Used in the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition Criteria for Discriminating Severe and Moderate Malnutrition Based on In‐Patients With Pneumonia in Asians
Authors: Shimizu Akio , Maeda Keisuke , Wakabayashi Hidetaka , Nishioka Shinta , Nagano Ayano , Kayashita Jun , Fujishima Ichiro , Momosaki Ryo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the predictive validity of the previously reported body mass index (BMI) cutoff values of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria for patients with pneumonia in Asians, using a nationwide registry database.MethodsThe study included 26,098 (2282 patients aged <70 years and 23,784 patients aged ≥70 years) patients with pneumonia aged ≥65 years who were enrolled in the Japan Medical Data Center database between April 2014 and December 2018. Malnutrition was diagnosed using the GLIM criteria, and the severity of malnutrition was diagnosed by using a BMI cutoff value of <17.0 and <17.8 for patients aged <70 and ≥70 years, respectively. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine whether the severity of malnutrition based on BMI was associated with poor clinical outcomes, such as 30‐day in‐hospital mortality, length of hospital stay (LOS), and 30‐day readmission.ResultsA total of 14.7% and 24.1% of patients aged <70 and ≥70 years, respectively, experienced severe malnutrition. Severe malnutrition was independently associated with 30‐day in‐hospital mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05–1.34), prolonged LOS (coefficient, 5.13; 95% CI, 4.31–5.94), and 30‐day readmission (HR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.89–2.75) in patients aged ≥70 years; however, only prolonged LOS was independently associated with patients aged <70 years (coefficient, 3.27; 95% CI, −0.24–6.78).ConclusionThe BMI cutoff values might be valid for patients with pneumonia aged ≥70 years in Asians. Further investigation is required to validate the cutoff value for older adults aged <70 years.
Associations Between Sexual Trauma and Sexual Relationship Power Among Latina Immigrant Farmworkers: The Moderating Role of Gender Norms
Authors: Fava Nicole M. , Sanchez Mariana , Wuyke Gabriella , Diez‐Morel Stephanie , Vazquez Vicky , Ravelo Gira J. , Villalba Karina , Rojas Patria 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSexual trauma is a national public health concern due to the alarming rates at which it occurs and decades of research supporting its long‐term deleterious effects on health outcomes. We assessed the impact of gender norms and sexual trauma on power within sexual relationships among Latina immigrant farmworkers. At baseline, participants (N = 175) completed a survey examining demographic information, sexual trauma history, and gender norms; a follow‐up was administered 6 months later. Past sexual trauma was associated with less power in sexual relationships, r = −.25, p < .001, as was endorsement of traditional Latina gender norms (i.e., marianismo): sexual relationship control, r = −.38, p < .001; sexual decision‐making dominance, r = −.21, p = .005. In contrast, egalitarian gender norm endorsement was associated with higher levels of sexual relationship control, r = .37, p < .001, and sexual decision‐making dominance, r = .17, p = .023. Gender norms moderated the association between sexual trauma and sexual relationship power. Specifically, women who subscribed more to marianismo and reported sexual trauma had less decision‐making dominance in sexual relationships, whereas those with lower ratings of marianismo reported higher levels of decision‐making dominance despite sexual trauma, R2 = .03, p = .022. Sexual trauma history coupled with higher ratings of egalitarian gender norms was associated with higher levels of sexual relationship control, DR2 = .02, p = .023. These results highlight the importance of culturally informed research to increase the sexual and overall health of vulnerable populations (e.g., Latina immigrant farmworkers).
Gulf Coast Riceland Seed Biomass Estimates for Waterfowl Habitat Conservation
Authors: Marty Joseph R. , Davis J. Brian , Kaminski Richard M. , Brasher Michael G. , Rush Scott A. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBiomass estimates of potential waterfowl foods are fundamental to estimating foraging carrying capacity of waterfowl habitat by conservation planners and managers of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan‐Gulf Coast Joint Venture (GCJV). Rice and moist‐soil seeds in Gulf Coast rice fields provide principal sources of energy for waterfowl during migration and winter. We investigated spatio‐temporal biomass dynamics of these seeds and modeled their variation in production and idled rice fields in southwestern Louisiana, southeastern Texas, and the Texas Mid‐Coast, USA, in August and November 2010–2013. We hypothesized that previous estimates of November rice and moist‐soil seed biomass from the Mississippi Alluvial Valley were not applicable to the GCJV region because climate and agricultural production practices (e.g., ratooning, crayfish [Procambrus spp.] aquaculture) are primary inter‐regional contrasts. Waste‐rice biomass was greatest in November in fields with an unharvested second crop of rice from tillers of original plants (i.e., ratoon crop; 837.7 kg[dry]/ha; CV = 16.7%) and least in fields without a ratoon crop (119.3 kg/ha; CV = 18.5%). Moist‐soil seed biomass was greatest in idled rice fields in October (477.3 kg/ha; CV = 24.8%), where substrate and rice stubble were disked at the time of sampling, and in idled fields with standing native vegetation in November (304.8 kg/ha; CV = 17.1%). Field‐level variation in waste rice in production fields in November was best explained by an interaction between field management (e.g., harvested ratoon) and rice variety. We were unable identify a reliable predictor of field‐level variation in moist‐soil seed biomass in idled fields for July–August or November (i.e., null model was best or competitive). Substituting existing seasonal moist‐soil and rice seed biomass estimates in GCJV planning models with those from our study would result in a seasonally flooded habitat objective 76% (101,974 ha) greater than the current GCJV estimate for 3 rice‐growing planning areas. We encourage conservation planners in the GCJV region to use biomass estimates from our study because they are reasonably precise for planning and implementation (i.e., CV ~ 20%) and represent most contemporary patterns of farming practices and food abundance in this region. Further, programs and incentives that promote production of ratoon rice crops and allow growth of naturally occurring vegetation in idled rice fields, followed by shallow flooding during November–February, would significantly enhance food resources for waterfowl and other waterbirds in this important landscape for North American avifauna. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Soil organic matter turnover depending on land use change: Coupling C/N ratios, δ13C, and lignin biomarkers
Authors: Xia Shaopan , Song Zhaoliang , Wang Yidong , Wang Weiqi , Fu Xiaoli , Singh Bhupinder Pal , Kuzyakov Yakov , Wang Hailong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) stocks have been greatly depleted across the globe by conversion of wetlands to croplands, agroforestry, and urban areas. Here, we investigated SOC distribution and turnover in four land use types: a wetland, cropland, forestland, and construction land in the Baiyangdian Wetland, Northern China. The C : N ratios were up to 1.70‐times larger in cropland, forestland, and construction land than in the original wetland because of faster N losses compared to C following wetland conversion. The δ13C values of SOC increased with depth in wetland, and showed an overall depletion compared with the other three land use types. Acid‐to‐Aldehyde ratios of syringyl in wetland were 0.72–1.14‐, 0.72–1.72‐, and 1.18–1.43‐times, and cinnamyl/vanillyl ratios were 0.56–1.05‐, 0.22–0.48‐, and 0.40–0.76‐times those of cropland, forestland, and construction land, which reflects faster lignin decomposition rate in wetlands. The β value was defined by the slope of the linear regression between the logarithm of SOC and δ13SOC values, and decreased from cropland over construction land and forestland to wetland, reflecting the faster SOC turnover with the lower β values. However, SOC content and storage were up to 2.29‐ and 2.07‐times higher in wetlands than in soils of other land use types. The combination of C : N ratios, δ13C, and lignin monomer composition can explain the decrease of β value (corresponding to faster SOC turnover), and can be used as effective proxies to evaluate the sources and turnover of SOC in response to land use changes.
Diagnosis ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection in the elderly using an immunochromatographic assay‐based stool antigen test
Authors: Han Yingjie , Dai Wei , Meng Fansen , Gan Xueyang , Liu Miao , Deng Xinli , Li Yuan , Wang Gangshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe diagnostic value ofHelicobacter pyloristool antigen (HpSA) tests in elderly subjects remains unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the immunochromatographic assay‐based HpSA test in a male elderly cohort and identify factors affecting the accuracy. Data for asymptomatic elderly male citizens (≥65 years old) who received health checkups at the Chinese PLA General Hospital between July 2007 and November 2018 were collected. The diagnostic accuracy of the HpSA test was determined using the13C‐urea breath test as a reference standard. Associations between baseline comorbidities and the accuracy of the HpSA test were analyzed. In total, 316 participants were enrolled, including 193 in the pre‐treatment group (77.2 ± 7.8 years old) and 123 in the post‐treatment group (78.7 ± 8.3 years old). The accuracy (91.5%, 91.2%, and 91.9%) and specificity (97.6%, 98.7%, and 96.0%) were high in all participants, pre‐ and post‐treatment groups, respectively. However, sensitivities were only 68.7%, 65.1%, and 75.0%, respectively. In the pre‐treatment group, constipation was associated with decreased sensitivity (p = 0.039), while colorectal polyps were associated with increased sensitivity (p = 0.010). Multivariate analysis indicated that constipation and colorectal polyps are independent factors for the sensitivity of HpSA in the pre‐treatment group. The immunochromatographic assay‐based HpSA test achieved high accuracy with high specificity but suboptimal sensitivity in the elderly male cohort. Constipation and colorectal polyps were negatively and positively associated with HpSA sensitivity, respectively, in the pre‐treatment group.