bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAD/CAM: Applications for transitional bonding to restore occlusal vertical dimension
Authors: LeSage Brian P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveExplore the best technique for achieving stable and comfortable occlusion. This is critical for long‐term oral health and the foundation of durable esthetic, restorative, periodontal, and prosthodontic treatments.Clinical considerationsVarious techniques and therapies have been proposed for establishing, determining, and restoring ideal centric relation (CR) and vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) in patients who require restorations and/or full‐mouth rehabilitation. An interim prosthesis phase can help establish and stabilize an enhanced esthetics and/or functional outcome for a limited period of time before the definitive dental restorations are placed. Transitional direct composite bonding and its additive nature have provided clinicians and patients with advantages when establishing a physiologic CR and VDO in interim restorations. However, it is time consuming, tedious, and challenging chairside. The author has been using additive CAD/CAM designed and milled restorations for over 10 years to make transitional bonding more efficient, manageable, and predictable.ConclusionTransitional bonded prostheses are significantly important to providing patients with an interim therapy to determine if the proposed esthetic outcome and occlusal scheme will function as expected, or if adjustments are needed prior to the delivery of the definitive long‐term restorations. CR and VDO are essential for establishing a functional and healthy occlusion, ideal restoration proportions and smile design, and treatment planning esthetic and prosthodontic restorations for long‐term durability.Clinical significanceThis article reviews CR, VDO, and the characteristics of a CAD/CAM transitional bonding technique in reversing the signs and symptoms of a compromised dentition and reestablishing an ideal esthetic and functional occlusal outcome. Transitional bonded prostheses are significantly important to providing patients with an interim therapy to determine if the proposed esthetic outcome and occlusal scheme will function as expected, or if adjustments are needed prior to the delivery of the definitive long term restorations.
Millet milk: A comparative study on the changes in nutritional quality of dairy and nondairy milks during processing and malting
Authors: Nair U. K. Aruna , Hema Vincent , Sinija V. R. , Hariharan S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe effect of different processing like pasteurization, chilling, freezing, cooling and hardening on the protein and fat content of millet milk in comparison to that of dairy milk and plant milk such as coconut milk was studied. When compared to dairy milk, the millet milk showed higher energy (383 kcal) and comparable level of carbohydrates (78%). While the millet milk has higher crude fiber (0.9%) than dairy milk (0.73), it has lesser fiber content than coconut milk (2.26%). Owing to its mineral content, millet milk also exhibited high ash content (0.35%). The low temperature processes resulted in a very slight reduction of protein (8.5–7.8%) and fat content (0.74–0.6%) when compared to that of unprocessed millet milk (9.1%) yet it still stood much higher than that of dairy milk (2.4–1.8% protein and 1.2–1.1% fat) even after being processed. There was also an increase in TSS and a decrease in viscosity with lower temperatures. Malted milk showed an increase in protein and fiber content whereas an increase in ash content. The malting process proves beneficial since it results in a product with increased protein and decreased fat levels.Practical applicationsWhen considering a millet milk as a replacement for dairy milk, the replacement capability of the millet milk should be studied in order to know in which kind of products it can be applied. Toward the same purpose, it is essential to study the changes in nutritional quality through processing at different temperatures. Since nutritional as well as pH, TSS and viscosity play the major role right from flavor to texture in case of milk products, they were studied upon mainly in this case.
Effect of soy protein isolate on the techno‐functional properties and protein conformation of low‐sodium pork meat batters treated by high pressure
Authors: Li Yan‐ping , Sukmanov Valerii , Kang Zhuang‐Li , Ma Hanjun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, the changes of color, emulsion stability, rheological property, and protein secondary structure attributes of pork meat batters (1% sodium chloride) treated by high pressure with different soy protein isolate were investigated. Three batters with 0, 2, and 4% soy protein isolate were prepared under 200 MPa for 10 min, respectively. The pH, emulsion stability, L* and b* values were significantly improved when added soy protein isolate, the a* value was significantly (p < .05) decreased. The pH and color were not significantly different (p > .05) with soy protein isolate increased, but emulsion stability was increased (p < .05). Added soy protein isolate and treated by high pressure delayed the thermal denaturation of meat protein and declined the pre‐gel effects generated by the denaturation of myosin tails from 53°C to 59°C, and induced the α‐helix structure changed into β‐sheet, β‐turn, and random coil structures. Especially, the content of the random coil structure was significantly increased (p < .05) from 11.42 ± 0.26% to 14.22% ± 0.29 with soy protein isolate increased. Overall, the 2% soy protein isolate addition could improve the techno‐functional properties and emulsion stability of pork meat batters treated by high pressure.Practical applicationsThe pork meat batters with soy protein isolate treated by high‐pressure processing should be adopted for lowering sodium content in meat processing industry.
Application of automated electron microscopy imaging and machine learning to characterise and quantify nanoparticle dispersion in aqueous media
Authors: ILETT M. , WILLS J. , REES P. , SHARMA S. , MICKLETHWAITE S. , BROWN A. , BRYDSON R. , HONDOW N. 
Published: December 2019

SummaryFor many nanoparticle applications it is important to understand dispersion in liquids. For nanomedicinal and nanotoxicological research this is complicated by the often complex nature of the biological dispersant and ultimately this leads to severe limitations in the analysis of the nanoparticle dispersion by light scattering techniques. Here we present an alternative analysis and associated workflow which utilises electron microscopy. The need to collect large, statistically relevant datasets by imaging vacuum dried, plunge frozen aliquots of suspension was accomplished by developing an automated STEM imaging protocol implemented in an SEM fitted with a transmission detector. Automated analysis of images of agglomerates was achieved by machine learning using two free open‐source software tools: CellProfiler and ilastik. The specific results and overall workflow described enable accurate nanoparticle agglomerate analysis of particles suspended in aqueous media containing other potential confounding components such as salts, vitamins and proteins.Lay DescriptionIn order to further advance studies in both nanomedicine and nanotoxicology, we need to continue to understand the dispersion of nanoparticles in biological fluids. These biological environments often contain a number of components such as salts, vitamins and proteins which can lead to difficulties when using traditional techniques to monitor dispersion. Here we present an alternative analysis which utilises electron microscopy. In order to use this approach statistically relevant large image datasets were collected from appropriately prepared samples of nanoparticle suspensions by implementing an automated imaging protocol. Automated analysis of these images was achieved through machine learning using two readily accessible freeware; CellProfiler and ilastik. The workflow presented enables accurate nanoparticle dispersion analysis of particles suspended in more complex biological media.
Aflatoxin exposure in utero and birth and growth outcomes in Tanzania
Authors: Passarelli Simone , Bromage Sabri , Darling Anne Marie , Wang Jia‐Sheng , Aboud Said , Mugusi Ferdinand , Griffiths Jeffrey K. , Fawzi Wafaie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSome evidence suggests that aflatoxin may contribute to the high prevalence of stunting observed in low‐income countries. Whereas several studies have been conducted in West Africa, fewer exist in East Africa and even fewer in nonagricultural contexts. We analyzed serum samples from 400 iron‐replete, nonanemic pregnant women from a cohort in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania to determine the extent and magnitude of exposure to aflatoxin and to study the relationship between levels of aflatoxin exposure in utero and infant birth and growth outcomes. Ninety‐nine percent of women had detectable concentrations of aflatoxin B1‐lysine (AFB1‐lysine), with a median level of 1.4‐pg/mg albumin, indicating a much lower level compared to studies of rural populations in sub‐Saharan Africa. Our results do not show a statistically significant relationship between AFB1‐lysine levels and birth weight, small for gestational age, or prematurity. We observe a small statistically significant reduction in gestational age at delivery (0.47 weeks; 95% CI: −0.86, −0.07) as the natural log of AFB1‐lysine levels increases by 1 unit of pg/mg of albumin, after controlling for potential confounders. Among a nonrandom set of infants who had measurements for placental weight, haemoglobin at delivery, and follow‐up z‐score measurements, we find no association between aflatoxin plasma concentrations and these variables. These findings suggest a high prevalence of chronic low‐level exposure to aflatoxin, though its effect on birth outcomes in this population remains unclear. Our research adds to a growing body of literature finding mixed associations between aflatoxins on pregnancy outcomes and child growth.
Early development in children with moderate acute malnutrition: A cross‐sectional study in Burkina Faso
Authors: Olsen Mette F. , Iuel‐Brockdorff Ann‐Sophie , Yaméogo Charles W. , Cichon Bernardette , Fabiansen Christian , Filteau Suzanne , Phelan Kevin , Ouédraogo Albertine , Wells Jonathan C. , Briend André , Michaelsen Kim F. , Lauritzen Lotte , Ritz Christian , Ashorn Per , Christensen Vibeke B. , Gladstone Melissa , Friis Henrik 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMalnutrition impairs cognitive, communication, and motor development, but it is not known how nutrition and health are associated with development in children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). We aimed to describe motor and language development of children with MAM and explore its nutrition and health‐related correlates. This cross‐sectional study used baseline data from a nutritional trial in children with MAM aged 6–23 months in Burkina Faso. Motor and language skills were assessed using the Malawi Development Assessment Tool (MDAT). Linear mixed models were used to explore potential correlates of MDAT including socio‐economic status, anthropometry, body composition, whole‐blood polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), haemoglobin (Hb), iron status, and morbidity. We also assessed child and caregiver participation during MDAT procedures and their associations with correlates and development. MDAT data were available for 1.608 children. Mean (95% CI) MDAT z‐scores were −0.39 (−0.45, −0.34) for gross motor, 0.54 (0.48, 0.59) for fine motor, and −0.91 (−0.96, −0.86) for language skills. Children with higher mid‐upper arm circumference, weight‐for‐height, height‐for‐age, fat‐free mass, n‐3 PUFAs, Hb, and iron status had better MDAT z‐scores, whereas children with more fat mass index, anaemia, illness, and inflammation had poorer z‐scores. In addition, children living in larger households or with an unmarried mother had poorer MDAT z‐scores. Associations between morbidity and z‐scores were largely explained by children's poorer participation during MDAT assessment. The identified factors associated with child development may inform interventions needed to stimulate development during or after management of MAM.
Bayesian modeling of flood control networks for failure cascade characterization and vulnerability assessment
Authors: Dong Shangjia , Yu Tianbo , Farahmand Hamed , Mostafavi Ali 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a Bayesian network model to assess the vulnerability of the flood control infrastructure and to simulate failure cascade based on the topological structure of flood control networks along with hydrological information gathered from sensors. Two measures are proposed to characterize the flood control network vulnerability and failure cascade: (a) node failure probability (NFP), which determines the failure likelihood of each network component under each scenario of rainfall event, and (b) failure cascade susceptibility, which captures the susceptibility of a network component to failure due to failure of other links. The proposed model was tested in both single watershed and multiple watershed scenarios in Harris County, Texas using historical data from three different flooding events, including Hurricane Harvey in 2017. The proposed model was able to identify the most vulnerable flood control network segments prone to flooding in the face of extreme rainfall. The framework and results furnish a new tool and insights to help decision‐makers to prioritize infrastructure enhancement investments and actions. The proposed Bayesian network modeling framework also enables simulation of failure cascades in flood control infrastructures, and thus could be used for scenario planning as well as near‐real‐time inundation forecasting to inform emergency response planning and operation, and hence improve the flood resilience of urban areas.
Investigating the Impact of Racial Diversity in Decision‐making Groups: The Moderating Role of Relationship Conflict
Authors: Manata Brian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo date, numerous research endeavors have documented both the positive and negative effects of racial diversity on numerous group‐level performance outcomes. Indeed, a reading of the racial diversity literature would lead one to make one of two contradictory predictions regarding the effects of racial diversity in groups. In the interest of solving this theoretical issue, both perspectives were synthesized, such that racially diverse groups were expected to outperform homogeneous groups when performing a decision‐making task, but only when relationship conflict between members was minimized. In addition, the association between racial diversity and decision‐making quality was expected to be negative when relationship conflict between members was high. A study is reported which investigates the validity of and finds general support for this proposition (i.e., racial diversity in groups increased the group’s ability to make accurate decisions, but only under conditions in which relationship conflict between group members was kept to a minimum). A discussion is offered in which the implications of these results are entertained.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics and outcome of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance‐related lesions in Latin America
Authors: Peña Camila , Schutz Natalia P. , Riva Eloísa , Valjalo Ricardo , Majlis Alejandro , López‐Vidal Hernán , Lois Vivianne , Zamora Daniela , Ochoa Paola , Shanley Claudia , Gonzalez José Tomás , Fantl Dorotea , Correa Gonzalo , Ramirez Jhoanna , Mur Paola , Silva Guillermo , Verri Verónica , Rojas Christine , Escobar Karen , Glavic Gustavo , Méndez Gonzalo P. ,   the Grupo de estudio latinoamericano de mieloma múltiple (GELAMM)
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMonoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS)‐related lesions are infrequent entities. There are no publications on these disorders in Latin America (LA). The aim of this study was to describe epidemiological and clinical characteristics of these patients in LA.MethodsWe performed a multicentre retrospective study. Patients with diagnosis of MGRS between 2012 and 2018 were included. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected from clinical records.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients from Chile, Argentina, Ecuador and Uruguay were included. Half debuted with a nephrotic syndrome, and 32% required dialysis. Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits was found in 33%, amyloidosis in 26% and monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease also in 26%. The immunoglobulin most frequently found in renal biopsies was IgG kappa. In 67% a paraprotein was found. Twenty patients received an anti‐plasma cell regimen, and 3 a rituximab‐based regimen (IgM‐MGRS). Renal response (RR) was achieved in 56%. Early treatment (≤3 months) was associated with higher RR (75% vs 43%). Three patients relapsed within 21.5 months, and 3 progressed: 1 to multiple myeloma, 1 to systemic amyloidosis and another to systemic light‐chain deposition disease. Two patients died, both due to infection during induction treatment.ConclusionThere was a higher than expected frequency of patients requiring dialysis. The most common MGRS‐related lesion was PGNMD. Early treatment was associated with better response. As a rare disease, increasing awareness and promoting early diagnosis are necessary in LA to improve outcomes.SUMMARY AT A GLANCEA collection of 27 cases of MGRS from Latin America with information on epidemiology, clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of patients diagnosed of MGRS‐related renal lesions.
Efficacy and Safety Analysis of Ultrasonic Bone Curette in the Treatment of Thoracic Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Lu Xiang‐dong , Zhao Yi‐bo , Zhao Xiao‐feng , Qi De‐tai , Yang Xu , Wang Xiao‐nan , Zhou Run‐tian , Jin Yuan‐zhang , Zhao Bin 
Published: December 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of ultrasonic bone curette in treating thoracic spinal stenosis.MethodsA total of 30 patients of thoracic spinal stenosis who underwent posterior thoracic decompression in the hospital from December 2015 to 2017 were enrolled. Of these, 18 patients (group A) underwent posterior thoracic decompression using ultrasonic bone curette; and 12 patients underwent the treatment using a high‐speed drill (group B). The time of laminectomy, amount of intraoperative blood loss, presence or absence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and nerve root injury were recorded. All patients underwent X‐ray, computed tomography with three‐dimensional reconstruction, and magnetic resonance imaging before and after surgery. The Frankel classification and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores were used to assess the neurological function and neurological recovery in patients. The measured data were statistically processed and analyzed using SPSS21.0 software, and the measurement data were expressed as mean ± SD.ResultsIn groups A and B, the average time for single‐segment laminectomy was 3.3 ± 1.2 min and 6.0 ± 1.8 min and the mean bleeding volume was 105.5 ± 43.3 mL and 177.4 ± 54.7 mL, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the groups. The difference in JOA scores before and after surgery in groups A and B was statistically significant. No significant difference was found between the groups, in group A, the improvement rate of nerve function at the last follow‐up was 71% and in group B, the improvement rate at the last follow‐up was 70%. In group A, at last follow‐up, two patients had Frankel grade B injury, one had grade C injury, seven had grade D injury, and eight had grade E injury. In group B, at last follow‐up, one patient had Frankel grade B injury, one had grade C injury, five had grade D injury, and five had grade E injury. The Frankel classification of both groups A and B significantly improved. Four patients experienced cerebrospinal fluid leakage in group A and five in group B, with no significant difference between the groups. There was no nerve root injury in both groups, and no complications, such as pulmonary infection and urinary tract infection, occurred after operation.ConclusionsWith the use of ultrasonic bone curette in posterior thoracic decompression, the decompression surgery could be completed relatively safely and quickly. It effectively reduced the amount of intraoperative blood loss.
Randomized, double‐blind, 6‐week non‐inferiority study of lurasidone and risperidone for the treatment of schizophrenia
Authors: Feng Yuan , Shi Jianguo , Wang Lili , Zhang Xia , Tan Yunlong , Zhao Jingyuan , Ning Yuping , Xie Shiping , Liu Xuejun , Liu Qi , Li Keqing , Wang Xiaoliang , Li Lehua , Xu Xiufeng , Deng Wei , Luo Xiaoyan , Wang Gang 
Published: December 2019

AimThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lurasidone for the treatment of Chinese schizophrenic patients.MethodsHospitalized schizophrenia patients aged 18–65 were randomized to 6 weeks of double‐blind, double‐dummy, flexible‐dose treatment with lurasidone (40 or 80 mg/day) or risperidone (2, 4 or 6 mg/day). Efficacy was evaluated using a non‐inferiority comparison of lurasidone relative to risperidone based on week 6 change in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score. Safety assessments included adverse events, clinical laboratory measures, and electrocardiograms.ResultsFour hundred and forty‐four patients were screened to obtain an intent‐to‐treat sample of 384 patients, of whom 54 patients discontinued treatment prior to 6 weeks. Lurasidone met the criteria for non‐inferiority versus risperidone on the PANSS total score. Adjusted mean (SE) change at week 6 on the PANSS total score was −31.2 (1.0) and −34.9 (1.0) in the lurasidone and risperidone group, respectively. The mean difference score was 3.7, and the upper boundary of the 95%‐confidence interval (1.0–6.3) was less than the prespecified margin of 7.0. No clinically meaningful between‐treatment group differences were evident on secondary efficacy measures, including PANSS positive, PANSS negative, Clinical Global Impression scale – Severity, and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia scales. The incidence of adverse events was lower for lurasidone vs risperidone for extrapyramidal symptoms (17.0% vs 38.2%), akathisia (7.2% vs 13.6%), prolactin increase (3.1% vs 14.1%), and weight increase (0.5% vs 5.2%).ConclusionLurasidone was found to be non‐inferior to risperidone on the primary endpoint with minimal effects on weight, metabolic parameters, or prolactin levels.
Breastfeeding and offspring’s compassion and empathy in adulthood: A study with an over 30‐year follow‐up
Authors: Saarinen Aino I. L. , Keltikangas‐Järvinen Liisa , Honda Yukiko , Oksman Elli , Raitakari Olli , Pulkki‐Råback Laura , Hintsanen Mirka 
Published: December 2019

This study investigated whether breastfeeding predicts offspring’s dispositional compassion and empathy from early adulthood to middle age. The parents of the participants (N = 1,394) of the Young Finns study answered questions about breastfeeding in 1983, and the participants’ compassion and empathy were evaluated in 1997‒2012 (participants were aged 20‒50 years). Breastfeeding did not predict the course of compassion or empathy in adulthood at the age of 20‒50 years. The associations remained non‐significant, when adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic factors, and a wide range of characteristics of the family environment (including mother’s gestational age; premature birth; birth weight; number of other children at home; parental mental disorder; parental relationship status; parental postnatal smoking; parental postnatal alcohol use; parenting behavior; and child’s externalizing behavior). In conclusion, breastfeeding seems not to predict offspring’s compassion or empathy in adulthood. The findings may present a hopeful perspective for children growing up with non‐breastfeeding caregivers.