bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safe, Stable Cycling of Lithium Metal Batteries with Low‐Viscosity, Fire‐Retardant Locally Concentrated Ionic Liquid Electrolytes
Authors: Lee Sukhyung , Park Kisung , Koo Bonhyeop , Park Changhun , Jang Minchul , Lee Hongkyung , Lee Hochun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIonic liquid (IL) electrolytes with concentrated Li salt can ensure safe, high‐performance Li metal batteries (LMBs) but suffer from high viscosity and poor ionic transport. A locally concentrated IL (LCIL) electrolyte with a non‐solvating, fire‐retardant hydrofluoroether (HFE) is presented. This rationally designed electrolyte employs lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), 1‐methyl‐1‐propyl pyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (P13FSI) and 1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethyl 2,2,3,3‐tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE) as the IL and HFE, respectively (1:2:2 by mol). Adding TTE enables a Li‐concentrated IL electrolyte with low viscosity and good separator wettability, facilitating Li‐ion transport to the Li metal anode. The non‐flammability of TTE contributes to excellent thermal stability. Furthermore, synergy between the dual (FSI/TFSI) anions in the LCIL electrolyte can help modify the solid electrolyte interphase, increasing Li Coulombic efficiency and decreasing dendritic Li deposition. LMBs (Li||LiCoO2) employing the LCIL electrolyte exhibit good rate capability (≈89 mAh g−1 at 1.8 mA cm−2, room temperature) and long‐term cycling (≈80% retention after 400 cycles).
High‐Tensile Strength, Composite Bijels through Microfluidic Twisting
Authors: Kharal Shankar P. , Hesketh Robert P. , Haase Martin F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRope making is a millennia old technique to collectively assemble numerous weak filaments into flexible and high tensile strength bundles. However, delicate soft matter fibers lack the robustness to be twisted into bundles by means of mechanical rope making tools. Here, weak microfibers with tensile strengths of a few kilopascals are combined into ropes via microfluidic twisting. This is demonstrated for recently introduced fibers made of bicontinuous interfacially jammed emulsion gels (bijels). Bijels show promising applications in use as membranes, microreactors, energy and healthcare materials, but their low tensile strength make reinforcement strategies imperative. Hydrodynamic twisting allows to produce continuous bijel fiber bundles of controllable architecture. Modelling the fluid flow field reveals the bundle geometry dependence on a subtle force balance composed of rotational and translational shear stresses. Moreover, combining multiple bijel fibers of different compositions enables the introduction of polymeric support fibers to raise the tensile strength to tens of megapascals, while simultaneously preserving the liquid like properties of the bijel fibers for transport applications. Hydrodynamic twisting shows potentials to enable the combination of a wide range of materials resulting in composites with features greater than the sum of their parts.
Etching‐Doping Sedimentation Equilibrium Strategy: Accelerating Kinetics on Hollow Rh‐Doped CoFe‐Layered Double Hydroxides for Water Splitting
Authors: Zhu Keyu , Chen Jiyi , Wang Wenjie , Liao Jiangwen , Dong Juncai , Chee Mason Oliver Lam , Wang Ning , Dong Pei , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Gao Shangpeng , Shen Jianfeng , Ye Mingxin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExploring highly active and inexpensive bifunctional electrocatalysts for water‐splitting is considered to be one of the prerequisites for developing hydrogen energy technology. Here, an efficient simultaneous etching‐doping sedimentation equilibrium (EDSE) strategy is proposed to design and prepare hollow Rh‐doped CoFe‐layered double hydroxides for overall water splitting. The elaborate electrocatalyst with optimized composition and typical hollow structure accelerates the electrochemical reactions, which can achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 28 mV (600 mA cm−2 at 188 mV) for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 100 mA cm−2 at 245 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The cell voltage for overall water splitting of the electrolyzer assembled by this electrocatalyst is only 1.46 V, a value far lower than that of commercial electrolyzer constructed by Pt/C and RuO2 and most reported bifunctional electrocatalysts. Furthermore, the existence of Fe vacancies introduced by Rh doping and the typical hollow structure are demonstrated to optimize the entire HER and OER processes. EDSE associates doping with template‐directed hollow structures and paves a new avenue for developing bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. It is also believed to be practical in other catalysis fields as well.
Large‐Scale Fabrication of Robust Artificial Skins from a Biodegradable Sealant‐Loaded Nanofiber Scaffold to Skin Tissue via Microfluidic Blow‐Spinning
Authors: Cui Tingting , Yu Jiafei , Li Qing , Wang Cai‐Feng , Chen Su , Li Weijie , Wang Gefei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGiven that many people suffer from large‐area skin damage, skin regeneration is a matter of high concern. Here, an available method is developed for the formation of large‐area robust skins through three stages: fabrication of a biodegradable sealant‐loaded nanofiber scaffold (SNS), skin tissue reconstruction, and skin regeneration. First, a microfluidic blow‐spinning strategy is proposed to fabricate a large‐scale nanofiber scaffold with an area of 140 cm × 40 cm, composed of fibrinogen‐loaded polycaprolactone/silk fibroin (PCL/SF) ultrafine core–shell nanofibers with mean diameter of 65 nm. Then, the SNS forms, where the gelling reaction of fibrin sealant occurs in situ between thrombin and fibrinogen on PCL/SF nanofiber surface, to promote the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, accelerating skin regeneration. Through an in vivo study, it is shown that the SNS can rapidly repair acute tissue damage such as vascular bleeding and hepatic hemorrhage, and also promote angiogenesis, large‐area abdominal wall defect repair, and wound tissue regeneration for medical problems in the world. Besides, it avoids the risk of immune rejection and secondary surgery in clinical applications. This strategy offers a facile route to regenerate large‐scale robust skin, which shows great potential in abdominal wall defect repair.
Rational Design of Conjugated Small Molecules for Superior Photothermal Theranostics in the NIR‐II Biowindow
Authors: Li Shengliang , Deng Qingyuan , Zhang Yachao , Li Xiaozhen , Wen Guohua , Cui Xiao , Wan Yingpeng , Huang Yongwei , Chen Jiaxiong , Liu Zhonghua , Wang Lidai , Lee Chun‐Sing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExtensive recent progress has been made on the design and applications of organic photothermal agents for biomedical applications because of their excellent biocompatibility comparing with inorganic materials. One major hurdle for the further development and applications of organic photothermal agents is the rarity of high‐performance materials in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window, which allows deep tissue penetration and causes minimized side effects. Up till now, there have been few reported NIR‐II‐active photothermal agents and their photothermal conversion efficiencies are relatively low. Herein, optical absorption of π‐conjugated small molecules from the first NIR window to the NIR‐II window is precisely regulated by molecular surgery of substituting an individual atom. With this technique, the first demonstration of a conjugated oligomer (IR‐SS) with an absorption peak beyond 1000 nm is presented, and its nanoparticle achieves a record‐high photothermal conversion efficiency of 77% under 1064 nm excitation. The nanoparticles show a good photoacoustic response, photothermal therapeutic efficacy, and biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. This work develops a strategy to boost the light‐harvesting efficiency in the NIR‐II window for cancer theranostics, offering an important step forward in advancing the design and application of NIR‐II photothermal agents.
Electronic‐Grade High‐Quality Perovskite Single Crystals by a Steady Self‐Supply Solution Growth for High‐Performance X‐ray Detectors
Authors: Wang Wenzhen , Meng Hua , Qi Huanzhen , Xu Haitao , Du Wenbin , Yang Yiheng , Yi Yongsheng , Jing Shengqi , Xu Shanhu , Hong Feng , Qin Juan , Huang Jian , Xu Zhan , Zhu Yanyan , Xu Run , Lai Jianming , Xu Fei , Wang Linjun , Zhu Jingtao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHigh‐quality perovskite single crystals with large size are highly desirable for the fundamental research and high energy detection application. Here, a simple and convenient solution method, featuring continuous‐mass transport process (CMTP) by a steady self‐supply way, is shown to keep the growth of semiconductor single crystals continuously stable at a constant growth rate until an expected crystal size is achieved. A significantly reduced full width at half‐maximum (36 arcsec) of the (400) plane from the X‐ray rocking curve indicates a low angular dislocation of 6.8 × 106 cm−2 and hence a higher crystalline quality for the CH3NH3PbI3(MAPbI3) single crystals grown by CMTP as compared to the conventional inverse temperature crystallization (ITC) method. Furthermore, the CMTP‐based single crystals have lower trap density, reduced by nearly 200% to 4.5 × 109 cm−3, higher mobility increased by 187% to 150.2 cm2 V−1 s−1, and higher mobility–lifetime product increased by around 450% to 1.6 × 10−3 cm2 V−1, as compared with the ITC‐grown reference sample. The high performance of the CMTP‐based MAPbI3 X‐ray detector is comparable to that of a traditional high‐quality CdZnTe device, indicating the CMTP method as being a cost‐efficient strategy for high‐quality electronic‐grade semiconductor single crystals.
Measuring Piezoelectric Output—Fact or Friction?
Authors: Šutka Andris , Sherrell Peter C. , Shepelin Nick A. , Lapčinskis Linards , Mālnieks Kaspars , Ellis Amanda V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPiezoelectric polymers are emerging as exceptionally promising materials for energy harvesting. While the theoretical figures of merit for piezoelectric polymers are comparable to ceramics, the measurement techniques need to be retrofitted to account for the different mechanical properties of the softer polymeric materials. Here, how contact electrification, including friction and contact separation, is often mistaken for piezoelectric charge is examined, and a perspective for how to separate these effects is provided. The state of the literature is assessed, and recommendations are made for clear and simple guidelines in reporting, for both sample geometry and testing methods, to enable accurate determination of piezoelectric figures of merit in polymers. Such improvements will allow an understanding of what types of material manipulation are required in order to enhance the piezoelectric output from polymers and enable the next generation of polymer energy harvester design.
Immunomodulation‐Enhanced Nanozyme‐Based Tumor Catalytic Therapy
Authors: Xu Bolong , Cui Yan , Wang Weiwei , Li Shanshan , Lyu Chengliang , Wang Shuang , Bao Weier , Wang Hongyu , Qin Meng , Liu Zhen , Wei Wei , Liu Huiyu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNanozyme‐based tumor catalytic therapy has attracted widespread attention in recent years. However, its therapeutic outcomes are diminished by many factors in the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as insufficient endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration, hypoxia, and immunosuppressive microenvironment. Herein, an immunomodulation‐enhanced nanozyme‐based tumor catalytic therapy strategy is first proposed to achieve the synergism between nanozymes and TME regulation. TGF‐β inhibitor (TI)‐loaded PEGylated iron manganese silicate nanoparticles (IMSN) (named as IMSN‐PEG‐TI) are constructed to trigger the therapeutic modality. The results show that IMSN nanozyme exhibits both intrinsic peroxidase‐like and catalase‐like activities under acidic TME, which can decompose H2O2 into hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and oxygen (O2), respectively. Besides, it is demonstrated that both IMSN and TI can regulate the tumor immune microenvironment, resulting in macrophage polarization from M2 to M1, and thus inducing the regeneration of H2O2, which can promote catalytic activities of IMSN nanozyme. The potent antitumor effect of IMSN‐PEG‐TI is proved by in vitro multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) and in vivo CT26‐tumor‐bearing mice models. It is believed that the immunomodulation‐enhanced nanozyme‐based tumor treatment strategy is a promising tool to kill cancer cells.
Microtransfer Printing High‐Efficiency GaAs Photovoltaic Cells onto Silicon for Wireless Power Applications
Authors: Mathews Ian , Quinn David , Justice John , Gocalinska Agnieszka , Pelucchi Emanuele , Loi Ruggero , O'Callaghan James , Corbett Brian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHere, the development of high‐efficiency microscale gallium arsenide (GaAs) laser power converters, and their successful transfer printing onto silicon substrates is reported, presenting a unique, high power, low‐cost, and integrated power supply solution for implantable electronics, autonomous systems, and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. 300 µm diameter single‐junction GaAs laser power converters are presented and the transfer printing of these devices to silicon is successfully demonstrated using a polydimethylsiloxane stamp, achieving optical power conversion efficiencies of 49% and 48% under 35 and 71 W cm−2 808 nm laser illumination respectively. The transferred devices are coated with indium tin oxide (ITO) to increase current spreading and are shown to be capable of handling very high short‐circuit current densities up to 70 A cm−2 under 141 W cm−2 illumination intensity (≈1400 Suns), while their open circuit voltage reaches 1235 mV, exceeding the values of pretransfer devices indicating the presence of photon recycling. These optical power sources could deliver Watts of power to sensors and systems in locations where wired power is not an option, while using a massively parallel, scalable, and low‐cost fabrication method for the integration of dissimilar materials and devices.
Cellulose Hydrogels by Reversible Ion‐Exchange as Flexible Pressure Sensors
Authors: Zhou Shuai , Guo Kechun , Bukhvalov Danil , Zhang Xiong‐Fei , Zhu Wenzhuo , Yao Jianfeng , He Ming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInspired by biological camouflage strategy according to the surrounding environment, a facile method to fabricate state‐switchable cellulose hydrogels (fluid, brittle, and rigid hydrogel) driven by Ca2+/Zn2+ ion exchange is reported. The high content of Ca2+ ions leads to the formation of a rigid hydrogel (Gel‐H‐Ca2+) with a great compressive strength (≈2.2 MPa) through coordination cross‐linking network, while Zn2+ ions give the cellulose (Sol‐L‐Zn2+) a fluid state by eliminating the cellulose intermolecular connections, making it possible to obtain injectable and healable hydrogels. Gel‐H‐Ca2+ is highly oriented and anisotropic, and such flexible hydrogel can effectively monitor slight bending and pressure changes of fingers. This cellulose hydrogel will be a promising candidate for bionic and multifunctional sensors.
Asymmetric Carbon Nanohorn Enabled Soft Capacitors with High Power Density and Ultra‐Low Cutoff Frequency
Authors: Li Benxuan , Zhan Shijie , Wang Haolan , Hou Bo , Amaratunga Gehan A. J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFlexible capacitors are a promising power source for foldable and biological electronic devices. Although various materials and device structures have been explored, they are still limited by low energy densities and slow rate capabilities compared to their rigid counterparts. Here, asymmetric carbon nanohorns are proposed as an active material to fabricate flexible solid‐state carbon wire (CW)‐based electrochemical supercapacitors (ss‐CWECs) which exhibit high power density and ultra‐low cutoff frequency. By controlling the electric arc reaction at low temperature (77 K), asymmetric single‐wall carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) are synthesized with high yield. Based on microscopy and electrochemical characterization, the fundamental reaction mechanism in polyvinyl‐based electrolyte system is elucidated, as being associated with deprotonation reaction at acid, base, and elevated temperature conditions. Additionally, by using activated carbon, multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, and SWCNHs as hybrid electrode materials (5:1:1), remarkable specific length capacitance of 48.76 mF cm−1 and charge–discharge stability (over 2000 times cycles) of ss‐CWECs are demonstrated, which are the highest reported to date. Furthermore, a high‐pass filter for eliminating ultra‐low electronic noise is demonstrated, which enables an optical Morse Code communication system to be operated. Current results confirm the SWCNHs as promising materials for high‐performance soft electronics and energy storage applications.
High EQE and High Brightness Solution‐Processed TADF Light‐Emitting Transistors and OLEDs
Authors: Ahmad Viqar , Sobus Jan , Bencheikh Fatima , Mamada Masashi , Adachi Chihaya , Lo Shih‐Chun , Namdas Ebinazar B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters can exhibit high quantum efficiencies by harvesting triplet excitons through efficient reverse intersystem crossing. Reports on efficient TADF based light‐emitting field‐effect transistors (LEFETs) are rare. Moreover, despite efficient TADF organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), most devices have thermally evaporated multilayer device designs. In this work, highly efficient solution processed LEFETs using ACRXTN [3‐(9,9‐dimethylacridin‐10(9H)‐yl)‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one] are demonstrated to show high external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of ≈1% and on/off ratios (≈105) at low operating voltages (≈22 V) with negligible EQE roll‐off even at ≈1,500 cd m–2. The same emitter is further studied in solution‐processedOLEDs with a simple architecture to achieve high peak EQEs (≈16%) and brightness (>1000 cd m–2). The OLEDs retain a high EQE (≈10%) at 20 000 cd m–2, indicating excellent charge balance even with such simple device architecture. Our optical simulations identify EQE discrepancy in the two devices, mainly arisen from a poorer light out‐coupling efficiency in the LEFETs (0.8%) than that (≈24%) in the OLEDs. This work shows state‐of‐the‐art of solution‐processed TADF LEFETs and OLEDs with simple device architectures and negligible EQE roll‐off.
High‐Responsivity Graphene/4H‐SiC Ultraviolet Photodetector Based on a Planar Junction Formed by the Dual Modulation of Electric and Light Fields
Authors: Li Yimeng , Chen Peng , Chen Xiufang , Xu Ru , Liu Menghan , Zhou Jing , Ge Cheng , Peng Haocheng , Mao Xiaokang , Feng Jianbo , Hu Xiaobo , Peng Yan , Xu Xiangang , Xie Zili , Xiu Xiangqian , Chen Dunjun , Liu Bin , Han Ping , Shi Yi , Zhang Rong , Zheng Youdou 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) photodetectors have been fabricated on a graphene/4H‐SiC wafer. In this device, the electrical doping in the graphene layer, under the gate, is realized by changing the gate voltage while the optical doping in the graphene layer outside the gate region is realized through the photogenerated carrier injection from SiC, by laser excitation at 325 nm. This kind of dual modulation of optical and electric fields ultimately results in the formation of a planar n–p–n or n–n–n junction in the graphene layer. The photoresponse results demonstrate that the planar n–p–n junction is formed at the negative gate voltage, and facilitates negative photoconductivity. The n–n–n junction is formed at the positive gate voltage and facilitates normal photoconductivity. The maximum responsivity, which is attributable to the high photoconductive gain in the planar n–n–n junction, is 254.1A W−1, at drain‐source voltage of −3 V and gate‐source voltage of 3 V. Based on these results, the estimated lifetime of the electrons in the graphene channel extends greatly to more than four orders of magnitude longer than that in the isolated graphene. The above results prove that this graphene/4H‐SiC combined structure possesses great potential in practical UV‐detection applications.
Plasmonic Material Engineering for Targeted Therapeutics
Authors: Florentsen Christoffer D. , Moreno‐Pescador Guillermo S. , Kjær Andreas , Oddershede Lene B. , Bendix Poul Martin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNanomedicine approaches based on targeted delivery of nanoparticles have enormous therapeutic potential. For this to succeed, the nanoparticles, possibly functionalized or activatable by lasers, need to reach their target in the organism and preferably accumulate at this target. However, administration of nanoparticles in vivo results in rapid clearance of the particles by the immune system, thus preventing the nanomedicine in reaching its target. Passivation by polymer coatings has provided some success, but has not been sufficient to transform nanomedicine into an effective therapy. Recently, a new approach has been adopted which utilizes native cellular membranes for coating of nanoparticles. Motivated by the signaling and recognition capabilities of natural cell membranes, it is now feasible to produce nanoparticles with both immune evasive and tumor targeting abilities. Circulation times are dramatically enhanced by natural membrane coatings allowing significant increase in the passive accumulation by the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Membrane coating of nanoparticles provides a promising new development for advanced nanoparticle photothermal therapy (PTT). Here, the recent advances and challenges facing this new type of nanoparticle technology, bridging advanced optical properties with bio‐compatibility, are reviewed with a focus on membrane coating of plasmonic nanoparticles which has shown great promise in PTT.
Designing Circular Waste Management Strategies: The Case of Organic Waste in Amsterdam
Authors: Viva Ludovica , Ciulli Francesca , Kolk Ans , Rothenberg Gadi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUrban waste management is one of the most complex and urgent challenges that the society faces. In this paper, an innovative research methodology is proposed, introducing a systemic approach to circular waste management strategy‐making. Urban waste management is a complex system that needs to be tackled in a holistic, yet context‐specific manner. To produce truly integrative outcomes, this paper provides insight into the system as a whole, its components and the relationships between them, using specific tools, to form the basis for a circular strategy. A toolbox is presented for transforming the current linear and fragmented waste management processes into integrative and circular strategies. The proposed integrative methodology encompassing outline, multipillar mapping, and synthesis can be applied to different locations and waste streams. The concept is subsequently demonstrated through a case study focusing on the municipality of Amsterdam (the Netherlands) and the management of organic waste streams.