bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasi‐static confined uniaxial compaction of granular alumina and boron carbide observing the particle size effects
Authors: Nicewicz Piotr , Peciar Peter , Macho Oliver , Sano Tomoko , Hogan James D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe quasi‐static confined uniaxial compaction of granular alumina and boron carbide was studied, and the effect of triaxial stress on the materials as a function of increasing particle size was observed. The average particle sizes studied for granular alumina were 170 ± 63, 230 ± 55, 330 ± 67, and 450 ± 83 µm. The average particle size studied for granular boron carbide were 170 ± 40, 190 ± 34, 320 ± 59, and 470 ± 90 µm. The material response at hydrostatic pressure as a function of porosity, the bulk modulus as a function of hydrostatic pressure, and the transmission ratio as a function of applied load was evaluated for increasing particle size. For alumina, the increase in particle size resulted in an increase in strength for a fixed porosity, the bulk modulus of this material did not show clear particle size‐dependent trends, and the transmission ratio increased with increase in particle size. Conversely, for granular boron carbide, the hydrostatic pressure‐porosity curve shifted to the right with increasing particle size, the change in bulk modulus increased with increasing particle size, and no clear particle size‐dependent trends were observed when looking at the transmission ratio during the experiment. Post‐experiment scanning electron microscopy revealed that alumina powder fragmented from elongated shapes to block‐like structures, while boron carbide powder appeared more circular before the experiments and fragmented into smaller comminuted pieces. This paper discusses the implication of the work in the context of the limited experimental data in the field and the modeling of granular advanced ceramics behavior.
An abnormal incorporation behavior of Th in Gd2Zr2O7: A first‐principles study
Authors: Zhao Fengai , Xiao Haiyan , Zhang Haibin , Li Pengcheng , Shen Huahai , Zu Xiaotao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA theoretical study of Th accommodation in Gd2Zr2O7 has been performed by density functional theory. Our calculations show that although thorium has only one charge state of Th4+, it can be incorporated into both Gd3+ and Zr4+ sites in Gd2Zr2O7, depending on the chemical environments. Th occupation at Gd3+ site results in charge redistribution and the excess electrons introduced by Th are transferred to the neighboring Zr ions. As compared with the pure state, Th‐containing Gd2Zr2O7 pyrochlores are probably more inclined to undergo order‐disorder transformation and are less susceptible to radiation‐induced amorphization.
Continuous amnioinfusion for treatment of mid‐trimester preterm premature rupture of membranes with oligoamnios
Authors: Ono Takeshi , Tsumura Keisuke , Kawasaki Izumi , Ikeda Masazumi , Hideshima Misako , Tsuda Satoko , So Kunio , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Nomiyama Makoto , Yokoyama Masatoshi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimGiven the scarcity of relevant reports, this study aimed to elucidate whether pregnancy can be prolonged by maintaining the amniotic fluid volume with continuous transabdominal amnioinfusion (TA) for patients with mid‐trimester preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and oligoamnios.MethodsWe retrospectively examined patients who were managed during hospitalization at our department after developing PPROM between week 22 day 0 and week 25 day 6 of gestation and subsequent oligoamnios (amniotic fluid index [AFI] <5 cm) within 7 days after PPROM onset. Cases between 2006 and 2011 comprised the conventional management group (n = 14); cases administered continuous TA between 2012 and 2017 comprised the continuous TA group (n = 14). The primary outcome was the number of days between PPROM and delivery. The secondary outcomes were the proportion of normal amniotic fluid volume (AFI ≥ 5 cm) maintained between PPROM and delivery and the perinatal prognosis for the mother and infant.ResultsThe continuous TA group had significantly more days between PPROM and delivery and a significantly higher proportion of days that a normal amniotic fluid volume was maintained during that period, regardless of antimicrobial agents administered. Although no significant differences in the perinatal prognosis of disease were found between groups, there was a decreasing trend of composite perinatal mortality and morbidity, and the incidence rates were reduced by half.ConclusionContinuous TA for PPROM with oligoamnios may allow significant prolongation of the gestation period while maintaining the amniotic fluid volume and may lead to improved perinatal prognosis.
Leaving Home, Entering Institutions: Implications for Home‐Leaving in the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Yi Youngmin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the impact of incorporating institutional transitions (e.g., military, higher education, incarceration) into the definition of home‐leaving for estimates of cumulative risks of first home‐leaving in the transition to adulthood and racial/ethnic differences therein.BackgroundThe departure from the parental home is considered an important milestone in the transition to adulthood. However, to date, studies of the timing, prevalence, and nature of this key milestone have not generally incorporated the broader range of experiences with residential components that young adults increasingly face—such as military service and incarceration.MethodLife table analysis of 6,501 individuals from the 1997 National Longitudinal Study of Youth is used to estimate overall and race/ethnicity‐specific cumulative risks of first home‐leaving using two measures of home‐leaving: one that relies exclusively on household rosters and a second that incorporates information about departures for institutions beyond the family and household. Multinomial regression is then used to estimate young adults' likelihoods of first home‐leaving for different types of arrangements and institutional settings.ResultsAn institution‐inclusive definition of home‐leaving yields higher estimates of the risk of leaving the parental home by age 31 than a roster‐based definition. The institution‐inclusive measure also estimates greater racial/ethnic variation in the timing of first departure and provides insights into the racial/ethnic differences in the types of transitions experienced.ConclusionVariations in the definition of “adult” transitions can impact conclusions about the prevalence, timing, and racial/ethnic variation in key life events.
Prognostic value of transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 polymorphisms in patients with oral cancer
Authors: Chen Lin , Chen Fa , Wang Xiaoxia , Chen Qing , Lin Jing , Bao Xiaodan , Wang Rui , Wang Jing , Yan Lingjun , Lin Lisong , Qiu Yu , Pan Lizhen , Shi Bin , Zheng Xiaoyan , Liu Fengqiong , He Baochang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate possible associations between disease‐specific survival (DSS) of oral cancer and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGFBR1).MethodsUsing iPLEX Sequenom MassARRAY platform, three SNPs in TGFBR1 gene were genotyped in 356 newly diagnosed patients with histologically confirmed primary oral cancer. Demographic and clinical information of all cases were obtained from face‐to‐face interviews and electronic medical records, and telephone interviews were carried out every 6 months to timely gain follow‐up data. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model were used to assess the association between the polymorphisms of tagging loci and DSS of oral cancer.ResultsTGFBR1 rs33438 polymorphism was protective against death of oral cancer in codominant (AG vs AA: HR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.35‐0.88) and dominant (GG + AG vs AA: HR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.38‐0.87) models. Moreover, better DSS was particularly significant in radiotherapy patients who carrying GG + AG genotype. There also existed a positive multiplicative interaction on DSS between the polymorphism of TGFBR1 rs334348 and radiotherapy (P = .001). Not any associations between TGFBR1 rs334354 or rs3739798 polymorphism and DSS were observed.ConclusionsThis preliminary prospective study suggests that polymorphism of TGFBR1 rs334348 may act as a potentially independent factor and novel genetic biomarker to predict oral cancer DSS especially for patients with radiotherapy. A much more extensive investigation will need to confirm our findings.
Effect of Protective Coating on Surface Properties and Candida albicans Adhesion to Denture Base Materials
Authors: AlBin‐Ameer Mohammed Ali , Alsrheed Mahdi Y , Aldukhi Ibrahim A , Matin Asif , Khan Soban Q , Abualsaud Reem , Gad Mohammed M 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of protective coatings on the surface roughness, contact angle, and Candida albicans (C. albicans) adhesion to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base materials.Material and MethodsA total of 560 rectangular heat‐ and autopolymerized acrylic resin specimens were fabricated and divided into 5 groups (n = 14/group) according to coating agent. Uncoated specimens were used as control. Coating materials were: nano‐coat, Optiglaze, nano‐silica, or cyanoacrylate. Surface roughness (Ra) was evaluated using a profilometer. Contact angle measurements were performed using the sessile drop method. C. albicans adhesion was evaluated using direct culture and slide count methods. ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests were used for data analysis (α = 0.05).ResultsNano‐coat and Optiglaze coating of heat‐polymerized acrylic significantly decreased Ra (p < 0.001). No significant effect was seen with nano‐silica coating while Ra significantly increased with cyanoacrylate (p < 0.001). For autopolymerized acrylic, nano‐coat, Optiglaze, and nano‐silica coatings significantly decreased Ra in comparison to control group (p < 0.001) while no significant difference was seen between control and cyanoacrylate coating (p = 0.45). In comparison to control group, nano‐coat, Optiglaze, and nano‐silica coating for both denture base materials significantly decreased contact angle, and C. albicans adhesion (p < 0.001) while cyanoacrylate significantly increased C. albicans adhesion (p = 0.002) with no effect on contact angle for heat‐ (p = 1.00) and autopolymerized resins (p = 0.83).ConclusionCoating of removable prosthesis with nano‐coat, Optiglaze, or nano‐silica is an effective method to reduce C. albicans adhesion.
Using item‐level analyses to better understand the consequences of partialing procedures: An example using the Dark Triad
Authors: Vize Colin E. , Collison Katherine L. , Miller Joshua D. , Lynam Donald R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivePartialing procedures are frequently used in psychological research. The present study sought to further explore the consequences of partialing, focusing on the replicability of partialing‐based results.MethodWe used popular measures of the Dark Triad (DT; Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) to explore the replicability of partialing procedures. We examined whether the residual content of popular DT scales is similar to the residual content of DT scales derived from separate samples based on relations with individual items from the IPIP‐NEO‐120, allowing for a finer‐grained analysis of residual variable content.ResultsProfiles were compared using three sample sizes (Small N = 156–157, Moderate N = 313–314, Large N = 627–628) randomly drawn from a large MTurk sample (N = 1,255). There was low convergence between original and residual DT scales within samples. Additionally, results showed that the content of residual Dirty Dozen scales was not similar across samples. Comparable results were found for short Dark Triad‐Machiavellianism, but only in the moderate and small samples.ConclusionThe results indicate that there are important issues that arise when using partialing procedures, including replicability issues surrounding residual variables. Reasons for the observed results are discussed and further research examining the replicability of residual‐based results is recommended.
Diversity (Psychological) Science Training: Challenges, Tensions, and a Call to Action
Authors: Neblett Enrique W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDiversity science training is a requisite element of preparing future generations of psychological scientists. This article describes challenges and tensions in diversity science training—with a particular focus on race, ethnicity, and racism—and draws on a project conducted with faculty and students to propose policy‐relevant recommendations that might serve as a starting point in advancing training practices in diversity and psychological science. These include: (1) communicating a top‐down commitment to diversity science; (2) developing strategic planning around diversity science training; (3) establishing diversity science training task forces; (4) maximizing ongoing efforts to increase representation of diverse faculty and students; (5) evaluating and interrogating existing pedagogical approaches and teaching methods; and (6) building coalitions and advocating for trainees. Through ongoing, proactive, and critical inquiry, assessment, evaluation, and instruction, current diversity science training focusing on race and racism in psychological science can transform the field.
Population genetics of fruit bat reservoir informs the dynamics, distribution and diversity of Nipah virus
Authors: Olival Kevin J. , Latinne Alice , Islam Ariful , Epstein Jonathan H. , Hersch Rebecca , Engstrand Rachel C. , Gurley Emily S. , Amato George , Luby Stephen P. , Daszak Peter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe structure and connectivity of wildlife host populations may influence zoonotic disease dynamics, evolution and therefore spillover risk to people. Fruit bats in the genus Pteropus, or flying foxes, are the primary natural reservoir for henipaviruses—a group of emerging paramyxoviruses that threaten livestock and public health. In Bangladesh, Pteropus medius is the reservoir for Nipah virus—and viral spillover has led to human fatalities nearly every year since 2001. Here, we use mitochondrial DNA and nuclear microsatellite markers to measure the population structure, demographic history and phylogeography of P. medius in Bangladesh. We combine this with a phylogeographic analysis of all known Nipah virus sequences and strains currently available to better inform the dynamics, distribution and evolutionary history of Nipah virus. We show that P. medius is primarily panmictic, but combined analysis of microsatellite and morphological data shows evidence for differentiation of two populations in eastern Bangladesh, corresponding to a divergent strain of Nipah virus also found in bats from eastern Bangladesh. Our demographic analyses indicate that a large, expanding population of flying foxes has existed in Bangladesh since the Late Pleistocene, coinciding with human population expansion in South Asia, suggesting repeated historical spillover of Nipah virus likely occurred. We present the first evidence of mitochondrial introgression, or hybridization, between P. medius and flying fox species found in South‐East Asia (P. vampyrus and P. hypomelanus), which may help to explain the distribution of Nipah virus strains across the region.
The effects of diadromy and its loss on genomic divergence: The case of amphidromous Galaxias maculatus populations
Authors: Delgado M. Lisette , Górski Konrad , Habit Evelyn , Ruzzante Daniel E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the evolutionary mechanisms that affect the genetic divergence between diadromous and resident populations across heterogeneous environments is a challenging task. While diadromy may promote gene flow leading to a lack of genetic differentiation among populations, resident populations tend to be affected by local adaptation and/or plasticity. Studies on these effects on genomic divergence in nonmodel amphidromous species are scarce. Galaxias maculatus, one of the most widespread fish species in the Southern Hemisphere, exhibits two life histories, an ancestral diadromous, specifically, amphidromous form, and a derived freshwater resident form. We examined the genetic diversity and divergence among 20 estuarine and resident populations across the Chilean distribution of G. maculatus and assessed the extent to which selection is involved in the differentiation among resident populations. We obtained nearly 4,400 SNP markers using a RADcap approach for 224 individuals. As expected, collections from estuarine locations typically consist of diadromous individuals. Diadromous populations are highly differentiated from their resident counterparts by both neutral and putative adaptive markers. While diadromous populations exhibit high gene flow and lack site fidelity, resident populations appear to be the product of different colonization events with relatively low genetic diversity and varying levels of gene flow. In particular, the northernmost resident populations were clearly genetically distinct and reproductively isolated from each other suggesting local adaptation. Our study provides insights into the role of life history differences in the maintenance of genetic diversity and the importance of genetic divergence in species evolution.
Casting Light Upon The Great Endarkenment
Authors: Lumsden David , Ulatowski Joseph 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhile the Enlightenment promoted thinking for oneself independent of religious authority, the “Endarkenment” (Millgram 2015) concerns deference to a new authority: the specialist, a hyperspecializer. Nonspecialists need to defer to such authorities, as they are unable to understand their reasoning. Millgram describes how humans are capable of being serial hyperspecializers, able to move from one specialism to another. We support the basic thrust of Millgram’s position and seek to articulate how the core idea is deployed in very different ways in relation to extremely different philosophical areas. We attend to the issue of the degree of isolation of different specialists and urge greater emphasis on parallel hyperspecialization, which describes how different specialisms can be embodied in one person at one time.
Identification of phytic acid mutants in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) by large‐scale screening of mutant populations through amplicon sequencing
Authors: Sashidhar Niharika , Harloff Hans‐Joachim , Jung Christian 
Published: October 2019

Summary

Brassica napus (oilseed rape) is an important oil crop in temperate regions, which originated from hybridization of Brassica oleracea and Brassica rapa. Owing to its polyploidy, the functional study of single genes is cumbersome. Phytic acid is considered as an antinutritive compound, and we aimed to knock out the underlying synthesis and transporter genes to identify low phytic acid mutants.

We implemented a high‐throughput next‐generation sequencing screening protocol for an ethylmethane sulfonate population of 7680 plants in six gene families (BnMIPS, BnMIK, Bn2‐PGK, BnIPK1, BnIPK2, and BnMRP5) with two paralogues for each gene.

A total of 1487 mutations were revealed, and the vast majority (96%) were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, the characterization of double mutants of Bn.2‐PGK2 showed a significant reduction of phytic acid contents.

We propose to use three‐dimensional pooling combined with amplicon stacking and next‐generation sequencing to identify mutations in polyploid oilseed rape in a fast and cost‐effective manner for complex metabolic pathways. Furthermore, the mutants identified in Bn2‐PGK2 might be a very valuable resource for industrial production of oilseed rape protein for human consumption.
The remarkable morphological diversity of leaf shape in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas): the influence of genetics, environment, and G×E
Authors: Gupta Sonal , Rosenthal David M. , Stinchcombe John R. , Baucom Regina S. 
Published: October 2019

Summary

Leaf shape, a spectacularly diverse plant trait, varies across taxonomic levels, geography and in response to environmental differences. However, comprehensive intraspecific analyses of leaf shape variation across variable environments is surprisingly absent. Here, we performed a multilevel analysis of leaf shape using diverse accessions of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), and uncovered the role of genetics, environment, and G×E on this important trait.

We examined leaf shape using a variety of morphometric analyses, and complement this with a transcriptomic survey to identify gene expression changes associated with shape variation. Additionally, we examined the role of genetics and environment on leaf shape by performing field studies in two geographically separate common gardens.

We showed that extensive leaf shape variation exists within I. batatas, and identified promising candidate genes associated with this variation. Interestingly, when considering traditional measures, we found that genetic factors are largely responsible for most of leaf shape variation, but that the environment is highly influential when using more quantitative measures via leaf outlines.

This extensive and multilevel examination of leaf shape shows an important role of genetics underlying a potentially important agronomic trait, and highlights that the environment can be a strong influence when using more quantitative measures of leaf shape.
Validation of the HADS and PSS‐10 and psychological status in patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: Wiriyakijja Paswach , Porter Stephen , Fedele Stefano , Hodgson Tim , McMillan Roddy , Shephard Martina , Ni Riordain Richeal 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo validate the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the 10‐item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS‐10) for use in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and to provide cross‐sectional analysis of anxiety, depressive and distress symptoms in patients with OLP.MethodsValidity and reliability of both instruments were assessed in 260 participants with OLP in one tertiary oral medicine centre through confirmatory factor analysis and calculation of reliability coefficients. Prevalence, clinical and demographic predictors of the presence of psychological symptoms in OLP were calculated and identified using multivariated logistic regression.ResultsFactor analysis results demonstrated that a bifactor model described the underlying structure of both scales better than other models. Values of omega indicated adequate reliability of total HADS and PSS‐10 score while low coefficient omega hierarchical values limit clinical applicability of their subscale scores. The prevalence of anxiety, depressive and distress symptoms in OLP was 39.23%, 20.77% and 27.69%, respectively. Pain intensity, disease comorbidities, age, smoking and alcohol consumption were found to be independent predictors of the presence of psychological symptoms in OLP.ConclusionThe HADS and PSS‐10 are appropriate to use as general measures of psychological distress and perceived stress in patients with OLP.