bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Performance of Different Freight Wagon Bogie Types on a Small Radius Curve – Comparison of Field Measurements and Simulations
Authors: Loponen Tiia-Riikka , Shaik Rizwanullah , Varis Riku , Luomala Heikki , Kolisoja Pauli 
Published: December 2024

The running performance of different freight wagons affects the damage they cause to the track, which in turn influences the maintenance costs of the track. The track access charges may be imposed based on the track friendliness of a wagon if the features of the wagons are known. In Finland, besides the structure of the bogies, the width of the bogies also varies since some of the bogies are designed for a track gauge of 1524 mm and some for a track gauge of 1520 mm. In this paper, the performance of different freight wagon bogies on a small radius curve is investigated by means of field measurements and simulations. Wheel-rail contact forces and angle of attack values of six different wagon types are measured. In addition, simulations are created to gain further knowledge on wheel-rail contact forces, angle of attack values, and wear values. Based on this research, it would be beneficial to use a wider track gauge in small radius curves to make the curve negotiation easier for some bogie types. It was also noticed that a small radius curve with only a short transition zone could be very risky regarding derailment potential, especially for empty wagons.
Assessment of Some Heavy Metals Concentration and pH in Some Seafoods Found in Borokiri, Trans-Amadi, Eagle Island and Iwofe Swamps, Rivers State Nigeria
Authors: U.A. Obisike, , G.N. Offor, 
Published: December 2024

Aim: To assess the levels of heavy metals (cadmium, lead, chromium, copper), and pH in periwinkles, whelks, oysters, sediment, and water found in some swamps in Rivers State.
Study Design: Analytical Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Borokiri, Trans-Amadi, Eagle Island and Iwofe swamps, Rivers State Nigeria, between June and December 2022.
Methodology: Samples were collected from four different swamps in Rivers State: Iwofe, Eagle-Island, Trans-Amadi, and Borokiri swamps. Eagle-Island and Iwofe swamps are in Obio/Apkor LGA, while Trans-Amadi and Borokiri swamps are in Port Harcourt LGA. The solid samples were ground to powdered form to attain homogenous particles. Each sample was weighed, recorded and the concentrations of metals in the samples were determined. Five hundred (500) milligrams each of the ground samples were weighed and put into a crucible, 20 ml aqua regia (comprising 15 ml HCI and 5 ml HNO3) was added to digest the sample. Heavy metals in the digested samples were analyzed using GBC XplorAA Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Where the concentrations were calculated using Beer-Lambert’s law. The statistical analysis was done using GraphPad Prism version 8.0.2 of Apple Macintosh HD Big Sur (version 11.0). Descriptive statistical tools such as mean & standard deviation (SD) were used. ANOVA was used to compare means of more than two groups for inferential evaluation, with Tukey’s multiple comparison test to check for mean difference between multiple groups. The probability (p) value less than 0.05 (P<0.05) was used and considered statistically significant.
Results: The results showed that the mean concentrations of cadmium, copper, and lead (0.001 ± 0.0001mg/l, 0.16 ± 0.07mg/l, and 0.01±0.003 mg/l respectively) were below the standard limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO), while chromium exceeded this limit, and the pH was also within acceptable range. From the results observed in the sediments and the tissue samples, the level of cadmium was below the standard limit set by WHO. However, chromium, copper, and lead had concentrations that were above the WHO recommended limit
Conclusion: Campaigns need to be launched to educate the public about the risks to health posed by improper disposing of household and municipal waste, industrial effluents, and pipelines, as well as the toxicity of heavy metals.
ZNF281/Zfp281 is a target of miR‐1 and counteracts muscle differentiation
Authors: Nicolai Sara , Pieraccioli Marco , Smirnov Artem , Pitolli Consuelo , Anemona Lucia , Mauriello Alessandro , Candi Eleonora , Annicchiarico‐Petruzzelli Margherita , Shi Yufang , Wang Ying , Melino Gerry , Raschellà Giuseppe 
Published: November 2019

Defects in achieving a fully differentiated state and aberrant expression of genes and microRNAs (miRs) involved in differentiation are common to virtually all tumor types. Here, we demonstrate that the zinc finger transcription factor ZNF281/Zfp281 is down‐regulated during epithelial, muscle, and granulocytic differentiation in vitro. The expression of this gene is absent in terminally differentiated human tissues, in contrast to the elevated expression in proliferating/differentiating ones. Analysis of the 3’UTR of ZNF281/Zfp281 revealed the presence of numerous previously undescribed miR binding sites that were proved to be functional for miR‐mediated post‐transcriptional regulation. Many of these miRs are involved in differentiation pathways of distinct cell lineages. Of interest, ZNF281/Zfp281 is able to inhibit muscle differentiation promoted by miR‐1, of which ZNF281/Zfp281 is a direct target. These data suggest that down‐regulation of ZNF281/Zfp281 during differentiation in various cell types may occur through specific miRs whose expression is tissue‐restricted. In addition, we found that in rhabdomyosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma tumors, the expression of ZNF281/Zfp281 is significantly higher compared with normal counterparts. We extended our analysis to other human soft tissue sarcomas, in which the expression of ZNF281 is associated with a worse prognosis. In summary, we highlight here a new role of ZNF281/Zfp281 in counteracting muscle differentiation; its down‐regulation is at least in part mediated by miR‐1. The elevated expression of ZNF281/Zfp281 in soft tissue sarcomas warrants further analysis for its possible exploitation as a prognostic marker in this class of tumors.
GSTZ1‐1 downregulates Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Lei Chong , Wang Qiujie , Tang Ni , Wang Kai 
Published: November 2019

Glutathione S‐transferase Zeta 1‐1 (GSTZ1‐1), an enzyme involved in the catabolism of phenylalanine and the detoxification of xenobiotics, plays a tumour suppressor role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we further explored the function of GSTZ1‐1 in HCC through transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing. The analysis revealed that 223 genes were upregulated and 290 genes were downregulated in GSTZ1‐1‐overexpressing Huh7 cells. Gene Ontology analysis showed that these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were highly enriched for protein phosphorylation, cell cycle arrest and metabolic processes. Pathway analysis revealed that metabolic pathways were the predominant enriched pathways among the upregulated genes, while the TGF‐β and Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathways were prominent in the downregulated clusters. Pathway interaction networks also showed that the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway was located in the centre of the cluster. The expression levels of selected DEGs were validated by qRT‐PCR, and Wnt/β‐catenin involvement was validated by luciferase assays, western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis in vitro and in vivo. These results provide a comprehensive overview of the transcriptome in GSTZ1‐1‐overexpressing Huh7 cells and indicate that GSTZ1‐1 may play a tumour suppressor role by inactivating the Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance and Service Stability of Cu2Se Via Tailoring Chemical Compositions at Multiple Atomic Positions
Authors: Mao Tao , Qiu Pengfei , Du Xiaolong , Hu Ping , Zhao Kunpeng , Xiao Jie , Shi Xun , Chen Lidong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLiquid‐like thermoelectric (TE) materials have the advantages of ultrahigh performance, low cost, and environment friendly, but their stability is greatly limited by the possible Cu/Ag deposition under a large current and/or temperature gradient. The pratical application based on liquid‐like TE materials requires both a high TE figure of merit (zT) for high energy conversion efficiency and large critical voltage for good stability, but they are very difficult to be simultaneously achieved in one material. In this work, both the zT and critical voltage are simultaneously optimized in Cu2Se via tailoring chemical compositions at multiple atomic positions, i.e., introducing Cu deficiency at the Cu‐sites to lower Cu ion chemical potential and alloying sulfur at the Se‐sites to reduce carrier concentrations. A maximum zT of 2.0 at 1000 K has been successfully achieved for Cu1.96Se0.8S0.2, about a 30% improvement over that for Cu2Se. More importantly, Cu1.96Se0.8S0.2 demonstrates a much higher critical voltage than Cu2Se, yielding a greatly enhanced service stability under the conditions with/without a temperature gradient. An Ni/Mo/Cu1.96Se0.8S0.2 TE unileg is successfully fabricated with a stable power output even after 400 thermal cycles between 473 and 873 K. This study greatly accelerates the real application of Cu2Se‐based liquid‐like materials.
Amorphous Fe‐Based Nanoagents for Self‐Enhanced Chemodynamic Therapy by Re‐Establishing Tumor Acidosis
Authors: Chen Xiaoyan , Zhang Huilin , Zhang Meng , Zhao Peiran , Song Ruixue , Gong Teng , Liu Yanyan , He Xinhong , Zhao Kuaile , Bu Wenbo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChemodynamic therapy (CDT) by introducing the Fenton‐/Fenton‐like reaction in an acidic and H2O2 environment for toxic hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation, is a newly developed tumor‐selective therapeutic. However, tumor acidosis, characterized by extracellular acidity (pHe ≈ 6.5) and intracellular alkalinity (pHi ≈ 7.2), undoubtedly confers a large chemical barrier for effective implementation of intracellular CDT and thus limits its functional activity and therapeutic efficacy. Here, the unique amorphous iron nanoparticles (AFeNPs) loaded with carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitor (CAI) are constructed to re‐establish tumor acidosis with decreased pHi and increased pHe via inhibiting the over‐expressed CA IX in cancer cells by CAI for self‐enhanced CDT. The suppression of CA IX leads to H+ accumulation in cells that could accelerate the AFeNPs‐based Fenton reaction to drastically exacerbate oxidative stress in cells and subsequently induce cell death; meanwhile, the inhibition of H+ formation outside cells efficiently represses the potential of tumor invasion and metastasis owing to the insufficient acidic ions for degradation of tumor extracellular matrix. Re‐established tumor acidosis not only assists in the optimization of CDT, but also presents an opportunity for the development of new antitumor methods that are more tumor‐acidity specific.
Enantiomeric Control of Intrinsically Chiral Nanocrystals
Authors: Hananel Uri , Ben‐Moshe Assaf , Tal Daniel , Markovich Gil 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe chiral aspect of inorganic crystals that crystallize in chiral space groups has been largely ignored until recently, partly due to difficulties in characterizing the chiroptical properties of bulk crystals, and also due to the difficulty in separating (sub)micrometer‐scale chiral crystal enantiomers. In recent years, the colloidal synthesis of intrinsically chiral nanocrystals (NCs) of several chiral inorganic compounds with significant enantiomeric excess has been demonstrated. This is achieved through the use of chiral molecular ligands, which bind to the atomic/ionic components of the crystals, preferentially forming one crystal enantiomorph. Here, recent progress on several aspects of these NCs is described, including the connection between ligand structure and its ability to direct NC handedness, chiral amplification in the synthesis leading to enantiopure NC samples, spontaneous symmetry breaking, the formation of NCs with chiral shapes, the connection between lattice and shape chirality and mixed contributions of atomic‐scale and shape chirality to the chiroptical properties.
Tape‐Casting Li0.34La0.56TiO3 Ceramic Electrolyte Films Permit High Energy Density of Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Jiang Zhouyang , Wang Suqing , Chen Xinzhi , Yang Wenlong , Yao Xiang , Hu Xinchao , Han Qingyue , Wang Haihui 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCeramic oxide electrolytes are outstanding due to their excellent thermostability, wide electrochemical stable windows, superior Li‐ion conductivity, and high elastic modulus compared to other electrolytes. To achieve high energy density, all‐solid‐state batteries require thin solid‐state electrolytes that are dozens of micrometers thick due to the high density of ceramic electrolytes. Perovskite‐type Li0.34La0.56TiO3 (LLTO) freestanding ceramic electrolyte film with a thickness of 25 µm is prepared by tape‐casting. Compared to a thick electrolyte (>200 µm) obtained by cold‐pressing, the total Li ionic conductivity of this LLTO film improves from 9.6 × 10−6 to 2.0 × 10−5 S cm−1. In addition, the LLTO film with a thickness of 25 µm exhibits a flexural strength of 264 MPa. An all‐solid‐state Li‐metal battery assembled with a 41 µm thick LLTO exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 145 mAh g−1 and a high capacity retention ratio of 86.2% after 50 cycles. Reducing the thickness of oxide ceramic electrolytes is crucial to reduce the resistance of electrolytes and improve the energy density of Li‐metal batteries.
Ultrathin, High Capacitance Capping Layers for Silicon Electronics with Conductive Interconnects in Flexible, Long‐Lived Bioimplants
Authors: Li Jinghua , Li Rui , Chiang Chia‐Han , Zhong Yishan , Shen Haixu , Song Enming , Hill Mackenna , Won Sang Min , Yu Ki Jun , Baek Janice Mihyun , Lee Yujin , Viventi Jonathan , Huang Yonggang , Rogers John A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBioimplants that incorporate active electronic components at the tissue interface rely critically on materials that are biocompatible, impermeable to biofluids, and capable of intimate electrical coupling for high‐quality, chronically stable operation in vivo. This study reports a materials strategy that combines silicon nanomembranes, thermally grown layers of SiO2 and ultrathin capping structures in materials with high dielectric constants as the basis for flexible and implantable electronics with high performance capabilities in electrophysiological mapping. Accelerated soak tests at elevated temperatures and results of theoretical modeling indicate that appropriately designed capping layers can effectively limit biofluid penetration and dramatically extend the lifetimes of the underlying electronic materials when immersed in simulated biofluids. Demonstration of these approaches with actively multiplexed, amplified systems that incorporate more than 100 transistors in thin, flexible platforms highlights the key capabilities and the favorable scaling properties. These results offer an effective encapsulation approach for long‐lived bioelectronic systems with broad potential for applications in biomedical research and clinical practice.
Detecting Non‐Markovianity via Linear Entropy of Choi State
Authors: Zheng Xiao , Ma Shao‐Qiang , Zhang Guo‐Feng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNon‐Markovian dynamics detection is one of the most popular subjects in quantum information science. In this paper, a linear‐entropy‐based non‐Markovianity witness scheme is constructed. The positive definiteness of the Choi state will be broken in non‐Markovian evolution, which can be witnessed by its linear entropy. Thus, the linear entropy of the Choi state can be used to witness non‐Markovian dynamics. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using the pure dephasing channel as an example. Finally, it is shown that this method can be extended to the one based on Rényi entropy.
Verschiebungsverhalten von Hinterschnittdübeln unter Zuglast bei Rissöffnen und ‐schließen
Authors: Hofmann Jan , Dwenger Fabian , Sharma Akanshu , Kerkhof Klaus 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHinterschnittdübel werden in kerntechnischen Anlagen zur nachträglichen Befestigung von maschinentechnischen Komponenten an Stahlbetontragwerken eingesetzt. Um die Integrität der Komponenten auch bei außergewöhnlichen Einwirkungen wie Erdbeben zu garantieren, müssen die Dübel eine ausreichende Tragfähigkeit aufweisen. Für die Annahme einer ausreichend starren Befestigung müssen darüber hinaus bleibende Dübelverschiebungen in engen Grenzen gehalten werden, da Dübelverschiebungen unmittelbaren Einfluss auf die Lastverteilung und ‐übertragung der Rohrhalterungen haben. Zum Nachweis von Tragfähigkeit und Verschiebungsverhalten von sicherheitstechnisch wichtigen Dübelbefestigungen werden Zulassungsversuche nach europäischen und deutschen Richtlinien bei unterschiedlichen Belastungen und bei unterschiedlichen Rissbreiten bzw. Risskollektiven durchgeführt. Um die Übertragbarkeit des Verschiebungsverhaltens bei Zulassungsversuchen auf realitätsnahe Belastungsbedingungen zu überprüfen, werden Ergebnisse von Zulassungsversuchen und Ergebnisse von großmaßstäblichen Erdbebenversuchen miteinander verglichen.
Leckageverhalten von gerissenem Beton – eine mehrskalige Betrachtung
Authors: Zemann Moritz , Herrmann Nico , Dehn Frank 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBei der Betrachtung von Sicherheitsaspekten in Kernkraftwerken über ihre gesamte Betriebs‐ und Stilllegungsdauer spielt der Aspekt der Dichtheit des Containments eine bedeutende Rolle. Selbstheilende Effekte im Beton können hierbei entscheidend dazu beitragen, die Kontamination der Umwelt zu vermeiden. An der Materialprüfungs‐ und Forschungsanstalt (MPA Karlsruhe) des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT) wurden in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten Durchströmungsexperimente mit Luft und Dampf an Betonprobekörpern sowohl im Labormaßstab als auch im Realmaßstab durchgeführt. Die Versuchsbedingungen entsprachen realistischen Temperaturen und Drücken, die in anzunehmenden Unfallszenarien auftreten können.Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über Versuchsergebnisse, die im Rahmen mehrerer Forschungsvorhaben gewonnen wurden, und soll darüber hinaus Erklärungsansätze für bisher inkonsistente Ergebnisse der Großversuche liefern, die unter Berücksichtigung der Ergebnisse der kleinskaligen Versuche neu diskutiert werden.
Neue Carbonfaserbewehrung für digitalen automatisierten Betonbau
Authors: Mechtcherine Viktor , Michel Albert , Liebscher Marco , Schneider Kai , Großmann Christoph 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMineralisch gebundene Carbonfaserbewehrung ist eine neue Art der Armierung für den Betonbau, die im Vergleich zu bestehenden, kunststoffgebundenen Carbonbewehrungen beträchtliche Vorteile aufweist. Die mineralische Imprägnierung erhöht die Leistungsfähigkeit der Bewehrung bei erhöhten Temperaturen, verbessert ihren Verbund mit der Betonmatrix und steigert deutlich die technologische Flexibilität, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Digitalisierung und Automatisierung der Bauteilherstellung. Nach der Erläuterung der Technologie zur kontinuierlichen Imprägnierung von Carbongarnen mit speziell entwickelten, feinen mineralischen Bindemittelsuspensionen werden einige Beispiele für die automatisierte Herstellung von Bewehrungssystemen aus diesem neuen Verbundwerkstoff vorgestellt. Diese Fälle umfassen eindimensionale Elemente wie Stäbe und Lamellen, zweidimensionale Bewehrungen in Form von Matten und dreidimensionale Systeme wie Bewehrungskörbe für einen Balkon oder Schalenstrukturen. Schließlich wird kurz auf die Verwendung des neuartigen Komposits für die Bewehrung in hochautomatisierter additiver Fertigung wie Beton‐3D‐Druck eingegangen.
High pretreatment plasma Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA level is a poor prognostic marker in HIV‐associated, EBV‐negative diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in Malawi
Authors: Montgomery Nathan D. , Randall Cara , Painschab Matthew , Seguin Ryan , Kaimila Bongani , Kasonkanji Edwards , Zuze Takondwa , Krysiak Robert , Sanders Marcia K. , Elliott Avian , Miller Melissa B. , Kampani Coxcilly , Chimzimu Fred , Mulenga Maurice , Damania Blossom , Tomoka Tamiwe , Fedoriw Yuri , Dittmer Dirk P. , Gopal Satish 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPlasma Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA measurement has established prognostic utility in EBV‐driven lymphomas, where it serves as a circulating tumor DNA marker. The value of plasma EBV measurement may be amplified in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), where advanced imaging and molecular technologies for risk stratification are not typically available. However, its utility in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is less certain, given that only a subset of DLBCLs are EBV‐positive. To explore this possibility, we measured plasma EBV DNA at diagnosis in a cohort of patients with DLBCL in Malawi. High plasma EBV DNA at diagnosis (≥3.0 log10 copies/mL) was associated with decreased overall survival (OS) (P = .048). When stratified by HIV status, the prognostic utility of baseline plasma EBV DNA level was restricted to HIV‐positive patients. Unexpectedly, most HIV‐positive patients with high plasma EBV DNA at diagnosis had EBV‐negative lymphomas, as confirmed by multiple methods. Even in these HIV‐positive patients with EBV‐negative DLBCL, high plasma EBV DNA remained associated with shorter OS (P = .014). These results suggest that EBV reactivation in nontumor cells is a poor prognostic finding even in HIV‐positive patients with convincingly EBV‐negative DLBCL, extending the potential utility of EBV measurement as a valuable and implementable prognostic marker in SSA.
Astrocytic AEG‐1 regulates expression of TREK‐1 under acute hypoxia
Authors: Kim Ajung , Jung Hyun‐Gug , Kim Seung‐Chan , Choi Minji , Park Jae‐Yong , Lee Seok‐Geun , Hwang Eun Mi 
Published: November 2019

TREK‐1 (TWIK‐related K+ channel), a member of the two‐pore domain K+ (K2P) channel family, is highly expressed in astrocytes, where it plays a key role in glutamate release and passive conductance. In addition, TREK‐1 is induced to protect neurons under pathological conditions such as hypoxia. However, the upstream regulation of TREK‐1 remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that AEG‐1 (astrocyte elevated gene‐1) regulates the expression of astrocytic TREK‐1 under hypoxic conditions. Upregulation of AEG‐1 increased expression of TREK‐1 in astrocytes, and knockdown of AEG‐1 dramatically decreased the mRNA and protein levels of TREK‐1, which were restored by expression of shRNA‐insensitive AEG‐1. In addition, expression of TREK‐1 was not regulated in the absence of AEG‐1, even when HIF1α was present. Together, these results suggest that AEG‐1 acts as a major upstream regulator of TREK‐1 channels in astrocytes under hypoxia.Significance of the studyPrevious studies have reported that hypoxia increases the expression of astrocytic TREK‐1 and that increased TREK‐1 expression protects neuronal cells from apoptosis. However, its cellular mechanism is not clear. In this study we first showed that AEG‐1 is a major mediator of hypoxic‐regulated TREK‐1 expression in normal astrocytes independently of HIF‐1α.