bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training the anxious brain: using fMRI‐based neurofeedback to change brain activity in adolescence
Authors: Lipp Annalisa , Cohen Kadosh Kathrin 
Published: July 2020

Anxiety disorders are a leading cause of morbidity and entail a lot of costs. Adolescence is characterized by social fears and poor emotion regulation abilities which together increase the likelihood of the emergence of anxiety disorders. This emotion dysregulation is potentially caused by the emotion regulating brain areas, such as the prefrontal cortex and temporal cortex, that are still undergoing developmental changes throughout late adolescence. Recently, new approaches have used functional magnetic resonance imaging‐based neurofeedback to help participants gain control over emotion regulation brain networks by receiving real‐time feedback on their brain activity and to use effective emotion regulation abilities. In this review, we provide an overview of the developmental changes in the brain and the corresponding behavioural changes, and explore how these can be influenced during adolescence using neurofeedback. We conclude that recent studies show promising results that children and adolescents can self‐regulate emotion regulation brain networks thereby supporting the development of effective emotion regulation abilities.What this paper adds

Functional magnetic resonance imaging‐based neurofeedback can be used for brain self‐regulation in development.
The emotion regulation networks play a key role in treating social anxiety with neurofeedback.
Contraindications to intravenous thrombolysis in prehospital triage of thrombectomy candidates
Authors: Rodríguez‐Pardo J. , Secades‐García S. , Riera‐López N. , Alonso de Leciñana M. , Real‐Martínez V. , Carneado‐Ruiz J. , Díaz‐Guzmán J. , Díez‐Tejedor E. , Egido‐Herrero J. , Gil‐Núñez A. , Matute‐Lozano M. C. , Trillo S. , Vera‐Lechuga R. , Vivancos‐Mora J. , Ximénez‐Carrillo Á. , Fuentes B. 
Published: July 2020

Background and purposeThe existence of contraindications to intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is considered a criterion for direct transfer of patients with suspected acute stroke to thrombectomy‐capable centers in the prehospital setting. Our aim was to assess the utility of this criterion in a setting where routing protocols are defined by the Madrid – Direct Referral to Endovascular Center (M‐DIRECT) prehospital scale.MethodsThis was a post hoc analysis of the M‐DIRECT study. Reported contraindications to IVT were retrospectively collected from emergency medical services reports and categorized into late window, anticoagulant treatment and other contraindications. Final diagnosis and treatment rates were compared between patients with and without reported IVT contraindications and according to anticoagulant treatment or late window categories.ResultsThe M‐DIRECT study included 541 patients. Reported IVT contraindications were present in 227 (42.0%) patients. Regarding final diagnosis no significant differences were found between patients with or without reported IVT contraindications: ischaemic stroke (any) 65.6% vs. 62.1%, ischaemic stroke with large vessel occlusion (LVO) 32.2% vs. 28.3%, hemorrhagic stroke 15.4% vs. 15.6%, stroke mimic 18.9% vs. 22.3% respectively. Amongst patients with LVO, endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) was performed less often in the presence of IVT contraindications (56.2% vs. 74.2%). M‐DIRECT‐positive patients had higher rates of LVO and EVT compared with M‐DIRECT‐negative patients independent of reported IVT contraindications.ConclusionsReported IVT contraindications alone do not increase EVT likelihood and should not be considered to determine routing in urban stroke networks.
NADPH oxidase inhibition rescues keratinocytes from elevated oxidative stress in a 2D atopic dermatitis and psoriasis model
Authors: Emmert Hila , Fonfara Melina , Rodriguez Elke , Weidinger Stephan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests oxidative stress plays a role in the pathophysiology of both atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (PSO). We established in vitro models of AD and PSO skin, and characterized these models in regard to their oxidative stress state. Both AD and PSO model keratinocytes exhibited elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and accumulated more DNA damage than control cells after oxidative stress induced by 250 µmol/L H2O2. Elevated ROS levels and DNA damage accumulation could be inhibited by the NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI). Further, immunofluorescence analysis revealed the presence of both NOX1 and NOX4 in keratinocytes. By inhibiting NOX1, stress‐related signalling cascades and elevated ROS levels could be abrogated, and survival of AD and PSO cells improved. Taken together, this study reveals that inhibition of NOX inhibition could abrogate elevated oxidative stress in a 2D model of AD and PSO.
Conforming to the status flow: The influence of altered habitat on fish body‐shape characteristics
Authors: Akin Daniel R. , Geheber Aaron D. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Anthropogenic stream impoundments often result in altered flow regimes and reservoir formations. Functional fish characteristics may change in response to altered flow conditions, and understanding the underlying mechanisms at work (e.g. natural selection and phenotypic plasticity) is of great importance in both evolutionary and conservation contexts. Cyprinella lutrensis is a widely distributed minnow native to stream systems in Missouri, U.S.A. Following impoundment of the Osage River, C. lutrensis currently occurs in the resultant Truman Reservoir and surrounding tributaries. To examine the impacts of this habitat alteration on functional fish characteristics, we hypothesised that C. lutrensis populations in altered systems with no‐flow would show an overall less streamlined body shape as compared to those in flowing systems, assuming body streamlining is beneficial for locomotion in flowing environments.

We conducted field and laboratory studies to test effects of flow and no‐flow on C. lutrensis body shape. Geometric morphometric techniques were used to quantify body shape in field and laboratory individuals, and non‐structural lipid extractions were conducted to assess whether fat storage contributes to body shape under flow and no‐flow treatments.

Morphological comparisons between C. lutrensis from Truman Reservoir and surrounding streams yielded significant differences in body shape, with greater body streamlining in stream populations. A laboratory experiment using artificial stream units revealed similar significant differences in body streamlining between flow and no‐flow treatments within a single generation. In addition, individuals under no‐flow treatment had significantly higher levels of non‐structural lipids compared to flow treatment individuals.

Our results indicate that changes in flow regime can alter the evolutionary trajectories (i.e. related to morphology) of fish populations. We suggest that body shape alterations are likely to occur within and across generations in a cumulative manner, therefore, it is plausible that both natural selection and plastic response mechanisms play roles in defining minnow body shape following flow alteration.
The strengths and weaknesses of species distribution models in biome delimitation
Authors: Moonlight Peter W. , Silva de Miranda Pedro Luiz , Cardoso Domingos , Dexter Kyle G. , Oliveira‐Filho Ary T. , Pennington R. Toby , Ramos Gustavo , Särkinen Tiina E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThe aim was to test whether species distribution models (SDMs) can reproduce major macroecological patterns in a species‐rich, tropical region and provide recommendations for using SDMs in areas with sparse biotic inventory data.LocationNorth‐east Brazil, including Minas Gerais.Time periodPresent.Major taxa studiedFlowering plants.MethodsSpecies composition estimates derived from stacked SDMs (s‐SDMs) were compared with data from 1,506 inventories of 933 woody plant species from north‐east Brazil. Both datasets were used in hierarchical clustering analyses to delimit floristic units that correspond to biomes. The ability of s‐SDMs to predict the identity, functional composition and floristic composition of biomes was compared across geographical and environmental space.ResultsThe s‐SDMs and inventory data both resolved four major biomes that largely corresponded in terms of their distribution, floristics and function. The s‐SDMs proved excellent at identifying broad‐scale biomes and their function, but misassigned many individual sites in complex savanna–forest mosaics.Main conclusionsOur results show that s‐SDMs have a unique role to play in describing macroecological patterns in areas lacking inventory data and for poorly known taxa. s‐SDMs accurately predict floristic and functional macroecological patterns but struggle in areas where non‐climatic factors, such as fire or soil, play key roles in governing distributions.
Grazing management strategies for Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. Webster in a silvopastoral system under rotational stocking
Authors: Machado Vitor D. , da Fonseca Dilermando M. , Lima Marina A. , Martuscello Janaina A. , Paciullo Domingos S. C. , Chizzotti Fernanda H. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOur objective was to compare herbage accumulation and nutritive value of Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. Webster managed under pre‐grazing canopy light interception (LI) targets of 90%, 95% and 100% in silvopastoral system (SPS) and 95% in open pasture (OP; U. decumbens under full sunlight) to establish a pre‐grazing target for SPS of ~43% shade. The evaluations were made during two rainy seasons and one dry season. The total herbage accumulation in SPS was lower than in OP at all LI targets and seasons. However, the difference in total herbage accumulation between SPS and OP was reduced when SPS was harvested at 95% LI, with reductions of 20% and 28% in both rainy seasons (12,191 × 15,324 kg DM/ha and 11,158 × 15,424 kg DM/ha respectively). Moreover, under 95% LI in SPS, crude protein concentration was 18% and 19% greater than that in OP in both rainy seasons (155 × 131 g/kg DM and 144 × 121 g/kg DM respectively), thus representing the optimal pre‐grazing LI target for U. decumbens in SPS. In addition, a canopy height of 20 cm was necessary for 95% LI in OP and a height of 40 cm in SPS. Therefore, U. decumbens should be grazed at 40 cm canopy height, in SPS with ~43% shade to keep 95% LI as the target. However, this target will only be effective if the shade level is maintained, which will reduce height variation over time.
The Arabic Urticaria Activity Score and Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Questionnaire: validation and correlations
Authors: Tawil Samah , Irani Carla , Kfoury Riwa , Salameh Pascale , Baiardini Ilaria , Weller Karsten , Maurer Marcus , Ezzedine Khaled 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe international guideline for urticaria recommends the use of the Urticaria Activity Score 7 (UAS7) and the Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Questionnaire (CU‐Q2oL) to assess patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) for their disease activity and impact on quality of life, respectively. Over the last decade, both tools have been validated in many different languages but not in Arabic.ObjectiveTo validate the Arabic UAS7 and CU‐Q2oL in patients with CSU in Lebanon.MethodsAfter a structured translation process of both instruments into Arabic, their construct and known‐groups validity as well as internal consistency reliability were tested in a longitudinal prospective study using a cluster sample of 152 Lebanese CSU patients. The study also included a repetitive administration of both instruments in 2‐week intervals in 44 patients in order to assess their test‐retest reliability.ResultsBoth the Arabic UAS7 and CU‐Q2oL demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha of 0.95 and 0.82, respectively) and moderate‐to‐high test‐retest reliability (intraclass coefficient of 0.61 and 0.91, respectively). Exploratory factor analysis of the Arabic CU‐Q2oL revealed five components that explained 81.8% of the total variance. Significant correlations were found between the Arabic CU‐Q2oL and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) (r = 0.86) and mild‐to‐moderate correlations between the Arabic UAS7 and CU‐Q2oL (r = 0.52) as well as the DLQI (r = 0.51).ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that the Arabic versions of the UAS7 and the CU‐Q2oL are valid and reliable patient‐reported outcome measures in patients with CSU in Lebanon.
Association of plasma exosomes with severity of organ failure and mortality in patients with sepsis
Authors: Im Yunjoo , Yoo Hongseok , Lee Jin Young , Park Junseon , Suh Gee Young , Jeon Kyeongman 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCurrent sepsis biomarkers may be helpful in determining organ failure and evaluating patient clinical course; however, direct molecular biomarkers to predict subsequent organ failure have not yet been discovered. Exosomes, a small population of extracellular vesicles, play an important role in the inflammatory response, coagulation process and cardiac dysfunction in sepsis. Nonetheless, the association of plasma exosome with severity and mortality of sepsis is not well known. Therefore, the overall levels of plasma exosome in sepsis patients were assessed and whether exosome levels were associated with organ failure and mortality was evaluated in the present study. Plasma level of exosomes was measured by ELISA. Among 220 patients with sepsis, 145 (66%) patients were diagnosed with septic shock. A trend of increased exosome levels in control, sepsis and septic shock groups was observed (204 µg/mL vs 525 µg/mL vs 802 µg/mL, P < 0.001). A positive linear relationship was observed between overall exosome levels and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in the study cohorts (r value = 0.47). When patients were divided into two groups according to best cut‐off level, a statistical difference in 28‐ and 90‐day mortality between patients with high and low plasma exosomes was observed. Elevated levels of plasma exosomes were associated with severity of organ failure and predictive of mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis.
A novel HSPB1 mutation associated with a late onset CMT2 phenotype: Case presentation and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Taga Arens , Cornblath David R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMutations in the HSPB1 gene are associated with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) disease type 2F (CMT2F) and distal hereditary motor neuropathy type 2 (dHMN2). More than 18 pathogenic mutations spanning across the whole HSPB1 gene have been reported. Three family members with a novel p.P57S (c.169C>T) HSPB1 mutation resulting in a late onset axonal neuropathy with heterogeneous clinical and electrophysiological features are detailed. We systematically reviewed published case reports and case series on HSPB1 mutations. While a genotype‐phenotype correlation was not obvious, we identified a common phenotype, which included adult onset, male predominance, motor more frequently than sensory involvement, distal and symmetric distribution with preferential involvement of plantar flexors, and a motor and axonal electrophysiological picture.
Incidence of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Melbourne, Australia from 1937 to 2013
Authors: Oliver Jane , Osowicki Joshua , Cordell Billie , Hardy Myra , Engelman Daniel , Steer Andrew C 
Published: July 2020

AimAcute rheumatic fever (ARF) most commonly presents in children aged 5–14 years old. Lifelong rheumatic heart disease (RHD) can result. This study investigated time trends in ARF and RHD using inpatient data from the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne (RCH).MethodsA retrospective cohort study covering the period 1937–2013 was conducted using records from RCH, a quaternary paediatric hospital in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Patient data were identified using RCH classification of diseases coding for ARF or RHD for years <1952. For the period 1952–1987, this system was used in addition to identifying International Classification of Disease (ICD) discharge codes that corresponded to ARF or RHD. From 1988–2013, only ICD codes were used to identify patient data. Descriptive epidemiological analyses were performed, including incidence rate calculations using historical census population denominator data. Analyses focussed on children in the peak age group.ResultsAmong children aged five to 14 years, a total of 4337 RCH admissions with ARF/RHD occurred for 3015 patients. A sharp decline in first ARF/RHD hospitalisations at RCH occurred from 1959, following a peak mean annual incidence rate during 1944–1947 of 40.1/100 000 children (95% confidence interval (CI): 36.6–43.9; P < 0.05). Over 1996–2013, the mean annual incidence rate was 1.6/100 000 (95% CI: 1.3–1.8) and reached 2.3/100 000 (95% CI: 1.3–3.7) in 2005.ConclusionThe burden of ARF and RHD treated at RCH declined following the 1940s, mirroring changes seen in North America and Europe. Despite this, inpatient treatment for these conditions continued to be provided right up until the end of the study period.
The contribution of dispositional optimism to understanding insomnia symptomatology: Findings from a cross‐sectional population study in Austria
Authors: Weitzer Jakob , Papantoniou Kyriaki , Lázaro‐Sebastià Clara , Seidel Stefan , Klösch Gerhard , Schernhammer Eva 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAttitudes and expectations of people towards their lives are essential to future health outcomes. Growing evidence has linked dispositional optimism to beneficial health outcomes, such as exceptional longevity, healthy aging and better sleep quality. We describe the association between dispositional optimism and chronic insomnia, considering potential mediators, in the Austrian Sleep Survey (N = 1,004), a population‐based cross‐sectional study conducted in 2017. Optimism was measured using the validated Life Orientation Test‐Revised, and four different definitions were used to assess chronic insomnia. Three definitions were based on the criteria of chronic insomnia according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (3rd edn). Age‐ and multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Among Austrians who were more optimistic, chronic insomnia risk was lower compared with those less optimistic (middle versus bottom tertile of optimism score: OR = 0.39, 95% CI, 0.22–0.70; and top versus bottom tertile: OR = 0.28, 95% CI, 0.14–0.54; p‐trend < .001). Results were similar for all four definitions of insomnia, and differed slightly between men and women. Happiness, depression and health status confounded the association, whereas lifestyle did not. Promoting dispositional optimism could represent a simple and accessible strategy to improve sleep quality and lower insomnia risk, with downstream beneficial health effects. Further research is needed to clarify the prevention potential of interventions targeting this mental trait.
Single‐molecule tracking reveals that the nucleoid‐associated protein HU plays a dual role in maintaining proper nucleoid volume through differential interactions with chromosomal DNA
Authors: Bettridge Kelsey , Verma Subhash , Weng Xiaoli , Adhya Sankar , Xiao Jie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHU (Histone‐like protein from Escherichia coli strain U93) is the most conserved nucleoid‐associated protein in eubacteria, but how it impacts global chromosome organization is poorly understood. Using single‐molecule tracking, we demonstrate that HU exhibits nonspecific, weak, and transitory interactions with the chromosomal DNA. These interactions are largely mediated by three conserved, surface‐exposed lysine residues (triK), which were previously shown to be responsible for nonspecific binding to DNA. The loss of these weak, transitory interactions in a HUα(triKA) mutant results in an over‐condensed and mis‐segregated nucleoid. Mutating a conserved proline residue (P63A) in the HUα subunit, deleting the HUβ subunit, or deleting nucleoid‐associated naRNAs, each previously implicated in HU’s high‐affinity binding to kinked or cruciform DNA, leads to less dramatically altered interacting dynamics of HU compared to the HUα(triKA) mutant, but highly expanded nucleoids. Our results suggest HU plays a dual role in maintaining proper nucleoid volume through its differential interactions with chromosomal DNA. On the one hand, HU compacts the nucleoid through specific DNA structure‐binding interactions. On the other hand, it decondenses the nucleoid through many nonspecific, weak, and transitory interactions with the bulk chromosome. Such dynamic interactions may contribute to the viscoelastic properties and fluidity of the bacterial nucleoid to facilitate proper chromosome functions.
Aridity drives coordinated trait shifts but not decreased trait variance across the geographic range of eight Australian trees
Authors: Anderegg Leander D. L. , Loy Xingwen , Markham Ian P. , Elmer Christina M. , Hovenden Mark J. , HilleRisLambers Janneke , Mayfield Margaret M. 
Published: July 2020

Summary

Large intraspecific functional trait variation strongly impacts many aspects of communities and ecosystems, and is the medium upon which evolution works. Yet intraspecific trait variation is inconsistent and hard to predict across traits, species and locations.

We measured within‐species variation in leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), branch wood density (WD), and allocation to stem area vs leaf area in branches (branch Huber value (HV)) across the aridity range of seven Australian eucalypts and a co‐occurring Acacia species to explore how traits and their variances change with aridity.

Within species, we found consistent increases in LMA, LDMC and WD and HV with increasing aridity, resulting in consistent trait coordination across leaves and branches. However, this coordination only emerged across sites with large climate differences. Unlike trait means, patterns of trait variance with aridity were mixed across populations and species. Only LDMC showed constrained trait variation in more xeric species and drier populations that could indicate limits to plasticity or heritable trait variation.

Our results highlight that climate can drive consistent within‐species trait patterns, but that patterns might often be obscured by the complex nature of morphological traits, sampling incomplete species ranges or sampling confounded stress gradients.