bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Demand and Supply for an Insurance‐linked Credit Product in Kenya: A Stated Choice Experiment Approach
Authors: Shee Apurba , Turvey Calum G. , Marr Ana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe employ a discrete choice experiment to elicit demand and supply side preferences for insurance‐linked credit, a promising market‐based tool for managing agricultural weather risks and providing access to credit for farmers. We estimate preference heterogeneity using primary data from smallholder farmers and managers of lenders/insurers combined with household socio‐economic survey data in Kenya. We analyse the choice data using maximum simulated likelihood and Hierarchical Bayes estimation of a mixed logit model. Although there are some similarities, we find that there is conflicting demand and supply side preferences for credit terms, collateral requirements, and loan use flexibility. We also analyse willingness to buy and willingness to offer for farmers and suppliers, respectively, for the risk premium for different attributes and their levels. Identifying the preferred attributes and levels for both farmers and financial institutions can guide optimal packaging of insurance and credit providing market participation and adoption motivation for insurance‐bundled credit product.
Effect of storage time on physical properties of sonocrystallized all‐purpose shortening
Authors: Lee Juhee , Marsh Melissa , Martini Silvana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of high‐intensity ultrasound (HIU) on the physical properties of an all‐purpose shortening and to evaluate how these properties changed during storage (48 hr; 4, 12, and 24 weeks) at 5 °C and 25 °C. Samples were crystallized at 30 °C for 60 min with and without the application of HIU (20 kHz; 3.2 mm‐diameter tip, 168 µm amplitude, 10 s). After crystallization, physical properties, such as hardness, elasticity, melting behavior, and solid fat content (SFC), were measured. These properties were also measured during storage. The effect of HIU was significant in changing the SFC, hardness, G′ and G′′, melting enthalpy, and microstructure of the samples. After 60 min of crystallization, the sonicated samples had higher values of SFC, hardness, elasticity, and melting enthalpy than the ones obtained without sonication (P < 0.05). Changes in these physical properties were associated with the microstructure of the samples since sonication generated smaller, more uniformly sized crystals as well as increased the number of crystals. No differences were observed in the G′ of the sonicated samples stored at 25 °C as a function of storage period. The G′ of the nonsonicated samples increased until 12 weeks of storage and was maintained up to 24 weeks, suggesting that sonication speed up the formation of a stable crystalline network. Samples stored at 5 °C showed higher value in hardness, G′ and G′′, and SFC than the ones stored at 25 °C.Practical ApplicationHigh‐intensity ultrasound (HIU) has been widely used as an additional tool to change the crystallization behavior in various lipids; however, the long‐term storage effect of HIU has not been studied before. This research evaluates the effect of HIU on the physical properties of a palm‐based shortening stored up to 24 weeks at two different temperatures (25 and 5 °C). The application of HIU may help increase the stability of lipid during storage.
Contribution of gestational diabetes mellitus heterogeneity and prepregnancy body mass index to large‐for‐gestational‐age infants—A retrospective case‐control study
Authors: Wang Ning , Song Lin , Sun Bo , Peng Yanqi , Fei Sijia , Cui Jiaqi , Mi Yang , Cui Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo study the associations between heterogeneity of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) subtype/prepregnancy body mass index (pre‐BMI) and large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) infants of Chinese women.MethodsWe performed a retrospective case‐control study of 299 women with GDM and 204 women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), using oral glucose tolerance test‐based indices performed at 24‐25 weeks of gestation. Women with GDM were classified into the following three physiologic subtypes: GDM with a predominant insulin‐secretion defect (GDM‐dysfunction), GDM with a predominant insulin‐sensitivity defect (GDM‐resistance), or GDM with both defects (GDM‐mixed). We then used a binary logistic regression model to evaluate the potential associations of GDM subtypes and pre‐BMI with newborn macrosomia or LGA.ResultsWomen with GDM‐resistance had a higher pre‐BMI (P < 0.001), whereas women in the GDM‐dysfunction and GDM‐mixed groups had pre‐BMIs comparable to the NGT group. In the logistic regression model, women in the GDM‐mixed group exhibited an increased risk of bearing newborns with macrosomia and LGA, and women in the GDM‐dysfunction group tended to have newborns with LGA after adjusting for pre‐BMI and other potential confounders. Women who were overweight or obese prepregnancy manifested an increased risk of having newborns with macrosomia and LGA relative to normal‐weight women, regardless of whether values were unadjusted or adjusted for all potential confounders. There was no significant interaction between GDM subtype and pre‐BMI for any of the studied outcomes.ConclusionsHeterogeneity of GDM (GDM‐dysfunction and GDM‐mixed) and prepregnancy overweight/obesity were independently associated with LGA in Chinese women. There was no significant interaction between GDM subtypes and pre‐BMI for LGA.
Bradyrhizobium sp. strain ORS278 promotes rice growth and its quorum sensing system is required for optimal root colonization
Authors: Cai Wenjie , Ou Fuwen , Staehelin Christian , Dai Weijun 
Published: September 2020

SummaryMany Gram‐negative bacteria communicate by using homoserine lactones (HSLs) as quorum sensing (QS) signals in a cell density‐dependent manner. In addition to fatty acyl‐HSL (acyl‐HSL) signals, certain strains, most of them associated with plants, produce non‐canonical aryl‐HSLs such as cinnamoyl‐HSL. However, the role of aryl‐HSL in endophytic associations remained elusive. Bradyrhizobium sp. strain ORS278 possesses a LuxI–LuxR type QS system and produces cinnamoyl‐HSL as a QS signal. Here, we report that strain ORS278 promotes growth of domesticated rice (Oryza sativa). QS mutants unable to produce cinnamoyl‐HSL exhibited reduced plant‐growth promoting activity in comparison to the parent strain ORS278. Likewise, the QS mutants were impaired in their ability to colonize rice roots. These findings suggest that genes controlled by cinnamoyl‐HSL play an important role in the association between rice and ORS278. However, biofilm production was not visibly altered in these mutants. In conclusion, our study highlights the importance of aryl‐HSLs in endophytic plant–bacteria interactions.
Patients with both Langerhans cell histiocytosis and Crohn’s disease highlight a common role of interleukin‐23
Authors: Kvedaraite Egle , Lourda Magda , Han HongYa , Tesi Bianca , Mitchell Jenée , Ideström Maja , Mouratidou Natalia , Rassidakis George , von Bahr Greenwood Tatiana , Cohen‐Aubart Fleur , Jädersten Martin , Åkefeldt Selma Olsson , Svensson Mattias , Kannourakis George , Bryceson Yenan T. , Haroche Julien , Henter Jan‐Inge 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo present the first case series of patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) also affected by Crohn's disease (CD), both of which are granulomatous diseases, and in LCH investigate the role of interleukin (IL)‐23, which is a well‐described disease mediator in CD.MethodsA case series of three patients with LCH and CD were described; a cohort of LCH patients (n = 55) as well as controls (n = 55) were analysed for circulating IL‐23 levels; and the relation between the percentage of LCH cells in lesions and circulating IL‐23 levels was analysed in seven LCH patients.ResultsDifferential diagnostic challenges for these two granulomatous diseases were highlighted in the case series, and it took up to 3 years to diagnose CD. Elevated IL‐23 levels were found in LCH patients. The amount of lesional LCH cells correlated with the levels of circulating IL‐23.ConclusionBoth CD and LCH should be considered in patients with inflammatory gastrointestinal involvement. The IL‐23 pathway is a common immunological trait between these two granulomatous diseases.
Deficiency in insulin‐like growth factors signalling in mouse Leydig cells increase conversion of testosterone to estradiol because of feminization
Authors: Radovic Pletikosic Sava M. , Starovlah Isidora M. , Miljkovic Dejan , Bajic Dragana M. , Capo Ivan , Nef Serge , Kostic Tatjana S. , Andric Silvana A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimA growing body of evidence pointed correlation between insulin‐resistance, testosterone level and infertility, but there is scarce information about mechanisms. The aim of this study was to identify the possible mechanism linking the insulin‐resistance with testosterone‐producing‐Leydig‐cells functionality.MethodsWe applied in vivo and in vitro approaches. The in vivo model of functional genomics is represented by INSR/IGF1R‐deficient‐testosterone‐producing Leydig cells obtained from the prepubertal (P21) and adult (P80) male mice with insulin + IGF1‐receptors deletion in steroidogenic cells (Insr/Igf1r‐DKO). The in vitro model of INSR/IGF1R‐deficient‐cell was mimicked by blockade of insulin/IGF1‐receptors on the primary culture of P21 and P80 Leydig cells.ResultsLeydig‐cell‐specific‐insulin‐resistance induce the development of estrogenic characteristics of progenitor Leydig cells in prepubertal mice and mature Leydig cells in adult mice, followed with a dramatic reduction of androgen phenotype. Level of androgens in serum, testes and Leydig cells decrease as a consequence of the dramatic reduction of steroidogenic capacity and activity as well as all functional markers of Leydig cell. Oppositely, the markers for female‐steroidogenic‐cell differentiation and function increase. The physiological significances are the higher level of testosterone‐to‐estradiol‐conversion in double‐knock‐out‐mice of both ages and few spermatozoa in adults. Intriguingly, the transcription of pro‐male sexual differentiation markers Sry/Sox9 increased in P21‐Leydig‐cells, questioning the current view about the antagonistic genetic programs underlying gonadal sex determination.ConclusionThe results provide new molecular mechanisms leading to the development of the female phenotype in Leydig cells from Insr/Igf1r‐DKO mice and could help to better understand the correlation between insulin resistance, testosterone and male (in)fertility.
Validation of the Korean version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 self‐rating Scale
Authors: Lee Seung‐Hoon , Shin Cheolmin , Kim Hyounwook , Jeon Sang Won , Yoon Ho‐Kyoung , Ko Young‐Hoon , Pae Chi‐Un , Han Changsu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study examined the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7) scale. The GAD‐7 was standardized with data from 112 patients at a psychiatric outpatient clinic. The GAD‐7 revealed high internal consistency, good test‐retest reliability, and convergent validity. The ROC analysis resulted in poor sensitivity and specificity for detecting anxiety disorders in a psychiatric setting. The GAD‐7 may not be useful in diagnosing anxiety disorders in a psychiatric setting, even though it appears to be a reliable, efficient, and valid measurement tool for evaluating anxiety symptoms.
Cardiovascular adverse events associated with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: A comprehensive pharmacovigilance analysis of pre‐COVID‐19 reports
Authors: Goldman Adam , Bomze David , Dankner Rachel , Hod Hanoch , Meirson Tomer , Boursi Ben , Maor Elad 
Published: September 2020

AimThere is a clinical need for safety data regarding hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) during the coronavirus (COVID‐19) pandemic. We analysed real‐world data using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) database to assess HCQ/CQ‐associated cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs) in pre‐COVID‐19 reports.MethodsWe conducted disproportionality analysis of HCQ/CQ in the FAERS database (07/2014‐9/2019), using reporting odds ratio (ROR) and the lower bound of the information component 95% credibility interval (IC025).ResultsThe full database contained 6 677 225 reports with a mean (±SD) age of 53 (±17) years and 74% females. We identified 4895 reports of HCQ/CQ related adverse events, of which 696 (14.2%) were CVAEs. Compared with the full database, HCQ/CQ use was associated with a higher reporting rate of major CVAEs, including cardiomyopathy (n = 86 [1.8%], ROR = 29.0 [23.3‐35.9]), QT prolongation (n = 43 [0.9%], ROR = 4.5 [3.3‐6.1]), cardiac arrhythmias (n = 117 [2.4%], ROR = 2.2 [1.8‐2.7]) and heart failure (n = 136 [2.8%], ROR = 2.2 [1.9‐2.7], all IC₀₂₅ > 0). No statistically significant differences were observed between sex and age groups. CVAEs were reported more often in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's syndrome. HCQ/CQ‐associated CVAEs demonstrated subsequent hospitalization and mortality rates of 39% and 8%, respectively. Overdose reports demonstrated an increased frequency of QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias (35% and 25%, respectively).ConclusionIn a real‐world setting, HCQ/CQ treatment is associated with higher reporting rates of various CVAEs, particularly cardiomyopathy, QT prolongation, cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure. HCQ/CQ‐associated CVAEs result in high rates of severe outcomes and should be carefully considered as an off‐label indication, especially for patients with cardiac disorders.
Is gene panel sequencing more efficient than clinical-based gene sequencing to diagnose autoinflammatory diseases? A randomized study
Authors: Rama M , Mura T , Kone-Paut I , Boursier G , Aouinti S , Touitou I , Sarrabay G 
Published: September 2020

Summary
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the gene-panel next-generation sequencing (NGS) strategy versus the clinical-based gene Sanger sequencing for the genetic diagnosis of autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs). Secondary goals were to describe the gene and mutation distribution in AID patients and to evaluate the impact of the genetic report on the patient's medical care and treatment. Patients with AID symptoms were enrolled prospectively and randomized to two arms, NGS (n = 99) (32–55 genes) and Sanger sequencing (n = 197) (one to four genes). Genotypes were classified as ‘consistent/confirmatory’, ‘uncertain significance’ or ‘non-contributory’. The proportion of patients with pathogenic genotypes concordant with the AID phenotype (consistent/confirmatory) was significantly higher with NGS than Sanger sequencing [10 of 99 (10·1%) versus eight of 197 (4·1%)]. MEFV, ADA2 and MVK were the most represented genes with a consistent/confirmed genotype, whereas MEFV, NLRP3, NOD2 and TNFRSF1A were found in the ‘uncertain significance’ genotypes. Six months after the genetic report was sent, 54 of 128 (42·2%) patients had received effective treatment for their symptoms; 13 of 128 (10·2%) had started treatment after the genetic study. For 59 of 128 (46%) patients, the results had an impact on their overall care, independent of sequencing group and diagnostic conclusion. Targeted NGS improved the diagnosis and global care of patients with AIDs.
Defective Bcl-2 expression in memory B cells from common variable immunodeficiency patients
Authors: del Pino Molina L , Torres Canizales J M , Pernía O , Rodríguez Pena R , Ibanez de Caceres I , López Granados E 
Published: September 2020

Summary
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and different degrees of B cell compartment alteration. Memory B cell differentiation requires the orchestrated activation of several intracellular signaling pathways that lead to the activation of a number of factors, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) which, in turn, promote transcriptional programs required for long-term survival. The aim of this study was to determine if disrupted B cell differentiation, survival and activation in B cells in CVID patients could be related to defects in intracellular signaling pathways. For this purpose, we selected intracellular readouts that reflected the strength of homeostatic signaling pathways in resting cells, as the protein expression levels of the Bcl-2 family which transcription is promoted by NF-κB. We found reduced Bcl-2 protein levels in memory B cells from CVID patients. We further explored the possible alteration of this crucial prosurvival signaling pathway in CVID patients by analysing the expression levels of mRNAs from anti-apoptotic proteins in naive B cells, mimicking T cell-dependent activation in vitro with CD40L and interleukin (IL)-21. BCL-XL mRNA levels were decreased, together with reduced levels of AICDA, after naive B-cell activation in CVID patients. The data suggested a molecular mechanism for this tendency towards apoptosis in B cells from CVID patients. Lower Bcl-2 protein levels in memory B cells could compromise their long-term survival, and a possible less activity of NF-κB in naive B cells, may condition an inabilityto increase BCL-XL mRNA levels, thus not promoting survival in the germinal centers.
Consequences of ignoring dispersal variation in network models for landscape connectivity
Authors: Sullivan Lauren L. , Michalska‐Smith Matthew J. , Sperry Katie P. , Moeller David A. , Shaw Allison K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHabitat loss and fragmentation can negatively influence population persistence and biodiversity, but the effects can be mitigated if species successfully disperse between isolated habitat patches. Network models are the primary tool for quantifying landscape connectivity, yet in practice, an overly simplistic view of species dispersal is applied. These models often ignore individual variation in dispersal ability under the assumption that all individuals move the same fixed distance with equal probability. We developed a modeling approach to address this problem. We incorporated dispersal kernels into network models to determine how individual variation in dispersal alters understanding of landscape‐level connectivity and implemented our approach on a fragmented grassland landscape in Minnesota. Ignoring dispersal variation consistently overestimated a population's robustness to local extinctions and underestimated its robustness to local habitat loss. Furthermore, a simplified view of dispersal underestimated the amount of habitat substructure for small populations but overestimated habitat substructure for large populations. Our results demonstrate that considering biologically realistic dispersal alters understanding of landscape connectivity in ecological theory and conservation practice.
Validation of the Danish Colorectal Cancer Group (DCCG.dk) database – on behalf of the Danish Colorectal Cancer Group
Authors: Klein M. F. , Gögenur I. , Ingeholm P. , Njor S. H. , Iversen L. H. , Emmertsen K. J. ,   the DCCG Validation Group
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to validate the clinical quality database of the Danish Colorectal Cancer Group. The validation is meant to focus on core data regarding staging of the disease, treatment provided, patient‐related factors and key complications.MethodThis was a database validation study assessing the completeness of the database and the accuracy of the data by re‐entering core variables into an online module in a blinded fashion and comparing re‐entered data with the original database data. A sample of 5% of patients from the years 2014–2017 was randomly selected.ResultsThe sample of 936 patients was identified and data were re‐entered. The completeness of the data retrieved was a median of 96%, 100% and 99% for preoperative, intra‐operative and postoperative variables, respectively. The overall accuracy was a median of 95%. The least accurate variable was date of diagnosis (50% perfect agreement), with agreement rising to 96% when near matches defined as correct date ± 30 days were included. Intra‐operative variables were of high quality, as were data on surgical complications including anastomotic leakage, where agreement was 97%.ConclusionThis was the first major validation of the Danish Colorectal Cancer Group's database. Overall, the completeness and quality of data were high, but the validation process also identified weaknesses, which can be crucial for future users to acknowledge and consider.
Investigating the spectrum of dermatologic manifestations in COVID‐19 infection in severely ill patients: A series of four cases
Authors: Occidental Michael , Flaifel Abdallah , Lin Lawrence H. , Guzzetta Melissa , Thomas Kristen , Jour George 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCOVID‐19, an infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus, was initially identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. By March 2020, it was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Although most findings have been reported in the lungs, primarily due to catastrophic respiratory decline, other organs, including the skin, are affected. Recent reports have been published describing the clinical spectrum of COVID‐19‐related lesions. In addition, recent case series have described a subset of these lesions having underlying thrombotic microangiopathy with increased complement activation characterized by increased C4d deposition within the blood vessel walls. Herein, we describe a series of COVID‐19‐related cutaneous manifestations found at autopsy examination and their underlying histopathologic findings. Although the clinical manifestations seen in these lesions vary widely, the underlying etiology of thrombotic microangiopathy remains consistent and reproducible.
Spontaneous left atrial multiseptated intramural dissecting hematoma
Authors: Vadgaonkar Vinayak , Yousif Nooraldaem , Sabde Shriram , Slais Salman , Darwish Abdulla , Tarief Habib , Sulaibikh Leena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOur case was initially admitted with chest discomfort and congestive heart failure with a presumptive diagnosis of non‐ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and was later found to have a large left atrial (LA) mass. In addition to a complete echocardiography study, multimodality imaging was utilized to better characterize the LA mass. Despite this, the diagnosis could not be confirmed. It was decided to proceed to cardiac surgery, and surprisingly, this revealed a large LA mass with pockets of fresh blood within the LA. Pathological specimen examination confirmed a diagnosis of thrombus, effectively outruling other atrial neoplasms. Although contrast echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging suggested this diagnosis, in the absence of any predisposing factors, the final diagnosis was made at surgery and histopathological examination.