bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disgust Propensity and the Bitter Aftertaste Response
Authors: Schienle Anne , Osmani Florian , Schlintl Carina 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction
A high level of disgust propensity (the general tendency to respond with the emotion of disgust to any given situation) is associated with an increased sensitivity to bitter taste. The present study examined the relationship between disgust propensity and the sensitivity to bitter aftertaste.

Methods
A total of 200 women rinsed their mouth with concentrated wormwood tea (Artemisia absinthium). The resulting aftertaste was evaluated (intensity of bitterness and disgust) every 15 s for 10 min. A multiple linear regression analysis was calculated to capture the association between aftertaste ratings and affective variables (e.g., disgust propensity, depression symptoms).

Results
Higher disgust propensity was associated with higher initial disgust ratings and faster reduction of disgust over time. Higher depression scores were associated with a slower disgust reduction.

Conclusion
We demonstrated that affective variables predict the temporal course of the wormwood aftertaste response. Having a higher disgust propensity was associated with a shortened disgust recovery.

Implications
A shortened disgust recovery may be adaptive because it enables faster processing of new disgust stimuli.
The Ethics of Motivational Neuro-Doping in Sport: Praiseworthiness and Prizeworthiness
Authors: Bowman-Smart  , Hilary  , Savulescu  , Julian  
Published: July 2020

AbstractMotivational enhancement in sport – a form of ‘neuro-doping’ – can help athletes attain greater achievements in sport. A key question is whether or not that athlete deserves that achievement. We distinguish three concepts – praiseworthiness (whether the athlete deserves praise), prizeworthiness (whether the athlete deserves the prize), and admiration (pure admiration at the performance) – which are closely related. However, in sport, they can come apart. The most praiseworthy athlete may not be the most prizeworthy, and so on. Using a model of praiseworthiness as costly commitment to a valuable end, and situating prizeworthiness within the boundaries of the sport, we argue that motivational enhancement in some cases can be compatible with desert.
Polyacrylamide-Grafted Actinidia deliciosa peels powder (PGADP) for the sequestration of crystal violet dye: isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Ahmad Rais , Ansari Khalid 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHerein, a novel and eco-friendly low-cost adsorbent polyacrylamide-grafted Actinidia deliciosa (Kiwi fruit) peels powder (PGADP) was synthesized and utilized as a potential adsorbent for the sequestration of crystal violet (CV) dye from aqueous solution. The material was characterized by various analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The adsorption process was carried out in a batch process with different concentrations, adsorbent doses, pH, contact time and temperatures. The maximum adsorption of CV dye from aqueous solution was observed at pH 7.3, contact time 180 min and initial dye concentration 20 mgL−1. The equilibrium data were tested by applying various isotherms models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R), and the results showed that Langmuir was found to be the best fitted model based on the highest correlation coefficient (R2). Kinetic data showed that pseudo-second order model was best obeyed over wide range of concentrations. In thermodynamic study, positive value of ∆Ho and negative value of ΔG° confirm endothermic and spontaneous nature of adsorption process with increased randomness at solid-solution interface. Desorption of CV dye was performed successfully using 1 M acetic acid with excellent regenerating capacity that lasts up to fourth cycle. Therefore, PGADP can be used effectively and economically for removal of CV dye from aqueous solution and industrial waste water.
Maximum allowable pressure during heavy slurry displacement
Authors: Leksir Abdeslem 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHeavy slurry pumping is facing enormous problems concerning pressure generation and casing limitations. Pumping high-density cement throughout narrow column, throttled at their extremity by the float equipment will generate more pressure, and could push casing to their limits of utilization. There are numbers of phenomena that could lead to casing length change as: piston, ballooning, temperature, tension and buckling. This work is oriented to study buckling effect on total casing length change. Generally, in conventional wells cementing, down hole conditions are referred to geological formation fracture pressure limit, which is lower than buckling limit. Heavy slurry displacement could make an exception, where buckling could appears at pressure inferior to geological fracture limit. While pumping heavy cement down, pressure inside casing increases progressively, pushing casing to extend, consequently risk of closing the narrow space out between casing and open hole total depth may appears. At this moment, buckling begins; pressure rise intensely to reach geological fracture limits and causes down hole loses. After passing the critical high pressure situation, casing will come back to their initial form. In order to overcome this situation, maximum allowable pressure during displacement together with problem indicators is proposed, to prevent and early detect the problem. Experimental and simulation results confirm the usability of assumption proposed.
A Framework for Explaining Black-White Inequality in Homeownership Sustainability
Authors: Ren Chunhui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo explain racially differential housing outcomes, previous studies have tended to concentrate on discriminatory processes within the mortgage market while ignoring homeowning families’ broad socioeconomic challenges. This study proposes a conceptual framework for understanding Black-White inequality in homeownership sustainability, which emphasizes Black homeowners’ socioeconomic challenges that are external to mortgage market evaluations, with a particular focus on the mediating role of liquid assets. Based on the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, the framework is put to an empirical test on the differential exit rates between Black and White homeowners in the United States during the recent housing crisis. The findings indicate that the racial gap in homeownership exit is eliminated after liquid wealth is controlled in the model alongside other covariates and that the inclusion of liquid wealth renders all mortgage-oriented variables nonsignificant with regard to their explanatory power for Black-White inequality in exit rates. Policy implications of the findings are also discussed.
Monitoring and mathematical modeling of mitochondrial ATP in myotubes at single‐cell level reveals two distinct population with different kinetics
Authors: Matsuda Naoki , Hironaka Ken‐ichi , Fujii Masashi , Wada Takumi , Kunida Katsuyuki , Inoue Haruki , Eto Miki , Hoshino Daisuke , Furuichi Yasuro , Manabe Yasuko , Fujii Nobuharu L. , Noji Hiroyuki , Imamura Hiromi , Kuroda Shinya 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundATP is the major energy source for myotube contraction, and is quickly produced to compensate ATP consumption and to maintain sufficient ATP level. ATP is consumed mainly in cytoplasm and produced in mitochondria during myotube contraction. To understand the mechanism of ATP homeostasis during myotube contraction, it is essential to monitor mitochondrial ATP at single‐cell level, and examine how ATP is produced and consumed in mitochondria.MethodsWe established C2C12 cell line stably expressing fluorescent probe of mitochondrial ATP, and induced differentiation into myotubes. We gave electric pulse stimulation to the differentiated myotubes, and measured mitochondrial ATP. We constructed mathematical model of mitochondrial ATP at single‐cell level, and analyzed kinetic parameters of ATP production and consumption.ResultsWe performed hierarchical clustering analysis of time course of mitochondrial ATP, which resulted in two clusters. Cluster 1 showed strong transient increase, whereas cluster 2 showed weak transient increase. Mathematical modeling at single‐cell level revealed that the ATP production rate of cluster 1 was larger than that of cluster 2, and that both regulatory pathways of ATP production and consumption of cluster 1 were faster than those of cluster 2. Cluster 1 showed larger mitochondrial mass than cluster 2, suggesting that cluster 1 shows the similar property of slow muscle fibers, and cluster 2 shows the similar property of fast muscle fibers.ConclusionCluster 1 showed the stronger mitochondrial ATP increase by larger ATP production rate, but not smaller consumption. Cluster 1 might reflect the larger oxidative capacity of slow muscle fiber.
Wear law in mixed lubrication based on stress-promoted thermal activation
Authors: Pei Xin , Pu Wei , Yang Jialong , Zhang Ying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAlthough several empirical wear formulas have been proposed, theoretical approaches for predicting surface topography evolution during sliding wear are limited. In this study, we propose a novel wear-prediction method, wherein the energy-based Arrhenius equation is combined with a mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) model to predict the point-contact wear process in mixed lubrication. The surface flash temperature and contact pressure are considered in the wear model. Simulation results are compared with the experimental results to verify the theory. The surface topography evolutions are observed during the wear process. The influences of load and speed on wear are investigated. The simulation results based on the Arrhenius equation relationship shows good agreement with the results of experiments as well as the Archard wear formula. However, the Arrhenius equation is more accurate than the Archard wear theory in some aspects, such as under high-temperature conditions. The results indicate that combining the wear formulas with the mixed EHL simulation models is an effective method to study the wear behavior over time.
Superlubricity achieved with two-dimensional nano-additives to liquid lubricants
Authors: Wang Hongdong , Liu Yuhong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe topic of superlubricity is attracting considerable interest around the world while humanity is facing an energy crisis. Since various liquid superlubricity systems can be commonly achieved on the macroscale in ambient conditions, it is considered an effective solution to reduce unnecessary energy and material losses. However, certain practical problems such as low load-bearing pressure, dependence on hydrogen ions, and relatively long running-in processes still limit its widespread application. Two-dimensional (2D) nano-additives with ultrathin longitudinal dimensions can lower the shear resistance between sliding solid surfaces, and thus further optimize the applied conditions. In this review, the latest studies on 2D nano-additives with a combination of various water-based lubricants in the state of superlubricity are reported, typically including black phosphorus (BP), graphene oxide (GO), and layered double hydroxide. During the sliding process, composite lubricants effectively improved the load capacity (up to 600 MPa), reduced wear, and accelerated the running-in period (within 1,000 s) of the liquid superlubricity system. Both macromechanical experiments and microscopic tests are conducted to precisely analyze various interactions at the interfaces of the nano-additives and solid surfaces. These interactions can be described as tribochemical reactions, physical protection, and adsorption enhancement, and improved wear resistance. This review provides better guidance for applying 2D nanomaterials in liquid superlubricity systems.
Der Sozialraum und seine Bedeutung für die Qualität im Elementarbereich
Authors: Schelle Regine 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungIn der Diskussion um Qualität im Elementarbereich ist empirisch noch nicht eindeutig geklärt, welche Faktoren letztlich für eine hohe Qualität entscheidend sind und wie diese miteinander interagieren. Der Artikel zielt daher darauf ab, einen Einblick in die Qualitätsdiskussion im Elementarbereich zu geben (Teil 2) und daran anschließend den Begriff des Sozialraums zu klären sowie dessen Bedeutung für die kindliche Entwicklung und Bildung – und damit für die pädagogische Arbeit – darzulegen (Teil 3). Im vierten Teil werden schließlich die Diskurse zusammengeführt und anhand empirischer Ergebnisse wird verdeutlicht, welche Bedeutung der Sozialraum im Qualitätsdiskurs im Elementarbereich einnimmt. Damit leistet der Artikel einen wichtigen Beitrag zum aktuellen Diskurs über die Qualitätsentwicklung im Elementarbereich.
Radical Cystectomy and Perioperative Sexual Function: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Westerman Mary E. , Kokorovic Andrea , Wang Xin Shelly , Lim Amy , Garcia-Gonzalez Araceli , Seif Mohamed , Wang Run , Kamat Ashish M. , Dinney Colin P.N. , Navai Neema 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Cancer-related changes in sexual function (SF) negatively impact quality of life and intimate partner relationships. There is a lack of data regarding SF among patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC).

Aim
To comparatively evaluate perioperative SF among patients who underwent RC.

Methods
A prospective cohort of 150 patients undergoing RC for bladder cancer and participating in an internal validation study at a single institution from 2016 to 2019 were eligible for analysis. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire–Bladder Cancer Muscle Invasive (EORTC QLQ–BLM 30) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Bladder were administered; those completing the SF subscale of the EORTC QLQ–BLM 30 were included in final analysis. Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and generalized linear modeling.

Outcomes
The primary outcome was interest or engagement in sexual activity within 4 weeks of survey completion, whereas the secondary outcome was a mean score on the EORTC QLQ–BLM 30 SF subscale.

Results
Overall, 132 of 150 (88%) of patients were eligible, of whom 82% were male, and the median age was 68.5 years. 53% reported at least a little interest in sexual activity, and 40% endorsed sexual activity within the last 4 weeks. The mean SF subscale score was 61.5 ± 25.2. Women had significantly worse mean scores of 72.9 ± 27.1 versus 59.1 ± 24.2 for men (P = .02). On multivariate analysis, both age and female gender were independently associated with higher SF domain scores.

Clinical Implications
A substantial portion of patients who underwent RC endorse being sexually active or express interest in sexually activity in the perioperative period. Given the recent increase in attention given to SF outcomes and quality of life, this work supports further efforts to explore this area and develop novel interventions to improve outcomes.

Strengths and Limitations
Strengths include rigorously collected, cross-sectional data using standardized methodology. Limitations include a relatively small sample size of female patients and unknown meaningful clinical difference.

Conclusions
A substantial portion of patients report sexual interest and activity in the perioperative period; however, female gender is associated with worse SF domain scores. These findings support further inquiry into this topic.
The effect of postcard reminders on vaccinations among the elderly: a block-randomized experiment
Authors: CHEN NUOLE , TRUMP KRIS-STELLA , HALL STACY , LE QUAN 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrior research in the behavioral sciences has demonstrated that reminders can be an effective tool for encouraging health-related behavior changes. This article extends that literature by reporting the outcome of a randomized controlled trial of mailed vaccination reminders. In addition to making a substantive contribution regarding the efficacy of mailed reminders, this article also makes a methodological contribution: it illustrates how researchers can study the causal impact of an intervention even when a pure parallel trial is not possible. In this study, the Louisiana Department of Health sent postcard reminders regarding four recommended vaccinations (influenza, tetanus, shingles and pneumonia) to 208,867 senior residents of Louisiana. We used block randomization and a stepped wedge design to assess the efficacy of the intervention. Individuals were blocked by their prior vaccine record and randomized to receive the postcard in one of four consecutive months (October–January). The reminder postcard had an overall positive effect on vaccination rates. The statistically significant and substantively small increase in overall vaccination rates was driven by participants who received the postcard reminder early in the intervention period.
Fine lexical tuning in infant directed speech to typically developing children
Authors: ODIJK Lotte , GILLIS Steven 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDo parents fine-tune the MLU of utterances with a particular word as the word is on the verge of appearing in the child's production? We analyzed a corpus of spontaneous interactions of 30 dyads. The children were in the initial stages of their lexical development, and the parents’ utterances containing the words the children eventually acquired were selected. The main finding is that the MLU of the parental utterances containing the target words gradually decreased up to the point of the children's first production of those words. This suggests that parents fine-tune their utterances to support the children's linguistic development.
Cognitive flexibility in critical CHD: a target for intervention
Authors: Cassidy Adam R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMost children born with even the most critical forms of CHD are now surviving well into adulthood. However, with increased survival has come increased recognition of the diverse neurobehavioural and psychosocial challenges these children experience. Among these challenges are deficits in executive function skills, including inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Over the past several years, whereas inhibitory control and working memory deficits have garnered particular attention among clinicians and interventionists, relatively less attention has been paid to cognitive flexibility. This is unfortunate given both the high prevalence of cognitive flexibility deficits observed in children and adolescents with critical CHD, and also the far-reaching relevance of cognitive flexibility in helping individuals achieve optimal quality of life across the lifespan. This paper reviews the construct of cognitive flexibility, including its definition, development, measurement, and neuroanatomical basis, provides a summary of how cognitive flexibility is affected by CHD, and offers evidence-based recommendations to systematically support the development of cognitive flexibility within the context of CHD.
It Must have been Burnout: Prevalence and Related Factors among Spanish PhD Students
Authors: Sorrel Miguel A. , Martínez-Huertas José Ángel , Arconada María 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Recent studies in different countries indicate that PhD students are more vulnerable to psychological disorders compared to the general population. No such data are available for the Spanish population. This study addresses this issue by studying prevalence rates and factors related to a common response to prolonged stress such as burnout syndrome. Burnout, emotional abilities, resilience, satisfaction with the dissertation advisor, and sociodemographic data were collected from 305 PhD students. The results indicated that the burnout rates are high in this group, especially for the emotional exhaustion dimension. Different linear regression models explained between 14% and 41% of the overall burnout scores variance and its dimensions. The psychological variables and the satisfaction with the dissertation advisor were the most relevant predictors. Consistent with what has been found in other countries, the evidence found indicates that the mental state of PhD students in Spain is alarming. The results of this study have important implications for the design and implementation of interventions to alleviate this problem.
A K‐Means Clustering Analysis of the Jovian and Terrestrial Magnetopauses: A Technique to Classify Global Magnetospheric Behavior
Authors: Collier Michael R. , Gruesbeck Jacob R. , Connerney John E. P. , Joy Steven P. , Hospodarsky George B. , Roberts Aaron , Sibeck David G. , Roelof Edmond C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrevious studies suggested that the Jovian magnetopause position is best characterized as a bimodal distribution indicative of a two‐state system. We applied a modified k‐means clustering analysis to observations of the Jovian and terrestrial magnetopause crossings. Clustering analysis using pre‐Juno data shows that the Jovian magnetopause is best described as a two‐state system, whereas the terrestrial magnetopause is best described by a single state, indicating that the behavior of the Jovian magnetopause is fundamentally different from that of the terrestrial magnetopause. We also analyzed magnetopause locations detected by the Juno spacecraft and conclude that their distribution is consistent with a two‐state system. The origin of the different number of Jovian and terrestrial magnetopause states may be due to the disparate source strengths supplying the two magnetospheres. The Jovian magnetosphere is supplied with about a metric ton of Iogenic heavy ions per second, whereas the terrestrial source, Earth's ionosphere, is two orders of magnitude weaker. A suggestive correlation between Io phase and magnetopause state may be consistent with this proposed link between an internal source and a two‐state magnetopause. The possible role of energetic magnetospheric events and Jovian current systems is discussed.
Shock Melting Curve of Iron: A Consensus on the Temperature at the Earth's Inner Core Boundary
Authors: Li Jun , Wu Qiang , Li Jiabo , Xue Tao , Tan Ye , Zhou Xianming , Zhang Youjun , Xiong Zhengwei , Gao Zhipeng , Sekine Toshimori 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Earth's core consists of iron as the major component. The melting point of iron at the inner core boundary constrains the thermal structure and solidification of the Earth's core. However, the current estimation of the melting temperature of iron under the core conditions has significant variations. Here, we measured the temperatures of iron shocked up to ~256 GPa using precise pyrometer and velocimeter diagnostics via a two‐stage light‐gas gun. Our results indicated that the melting temperatures of iron at the core‐mantle and inner core boundaries are 4300(250) and 5950(400) K, respectively. These temperatures are significantly lower than some previous shock experiments but are overall consistent with the recent results determined by fast X‐ray diffraction techniques, X‐ray absorption experiments in laser‐heated diamond anvil cells, and by ab initio computations. Our iron melting curve indicates a relatively small Clapeyron slope and supports thermal models for a young inner core.