bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Determination and Binding Capacity of Serum Iron
Authors: Levy Arthur L , Vitacca Patricia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A modified direct procedure is described for measuring serum iron (SI) levels and serum unsaturated iron-binding capacities (UIBC). Protein digestion or precipitation, as well as extraction of the color of the iron complex are eliminated.
The protein-bound iron is dissociated at acid pH, reacted with terpyridine in the ferrous state, and the optical density is read at 552 mµ. The UIBC is measured by incubating the serum at alkaline pH with a known excess of iron. Only the unbound excess reacts with terpyridine, and the UIBC is obtained by difference. The mean normal SI level found was 98.0 µg./100 ml. with a range of 44-155; mean UIBC was 243, with a range of 150-336; mean total IBC was 344, with a range of 251-437. Seven other investigators report higher mean SI levels, varying from 110 to 173; UIBC values are in better agreement.
SI levels as low as 8 µg./100 ml. in anemia were measured.
The desirability of carrying out both determinations is indicated by the fact that 18 per cent of patients had normal SI levels, but abnormal UIBC.
The amount of iron bound to conalbumin, the iron-binding protein from egg white used as a control for the UIBC determination, agreed with that determined by other investigators.
Suggested ModiFications of the Micro Determination of Triglycerides
Authors: Van Handel E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the procedure of Van Handel and Zilversmit (1), triglycerides are measured by assay of glycerol, after removal of phospholipids. Some modifications of this method are given. Zeolite is ground to 80 mesh (2); the unsaponified values are replaced by a simple reagent blank; oils are purified before being used as standards. Eight separate extractions from a single serum specimen, assayed in quadruplicate, yielded a value of 1.01 mg./ml. with a standard deviation of 0.028 mg./ml. for the 32 determinations.
The Identification of Barbiturates by Paper Chromatography
Authors: Fischl J , Segal Sara 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method for the chromatographic identification of barbiturates in three different solvent systems is presented. The chromatograms are sprayed with a reagent containing salicylate, which provides an internal screen for the visualization of the barbiturates under ultra-violet light.
The assembly of a simple, inexpensive chromatographic set and detailed technical procedure are described.
Ultramicro- and Micro-Determination of Chloride by Argentimetric Titration with the Indicator Dichiorofluorescein
Authors: Baumann Mary L , Hatmaker Alberta L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A reliable ultramicro modification of the Franco and Klein (1) determination for chloride, using 20 µl. of plasma, is described. A second procedure, requiring 0.2 ml. of plasma and substituting a titrating syringe for a buret, is suggested as a fast and adequate substitute in the absence of either extensive laboratory facilities or trained personnel. Data on reproducibility and recovery, and a comparison with another chloride procedure are presented. The limitations of the procedures are discussed.
A Rapid Semimicromethod for the Determination of Phosphorus and Barium in Biologic Preparations
Authors: Borchardt Paul , Dindial Winston , Mettenleiter Michael 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The determination of phosphorus and barium is made on acid digests of tissues by a rapid gravimetric procedure. The precipitations of barium as the sulfate and phosphorus as ammonium phosphomolybdate are utilized. Complete precipitation of these compounds is achieved by use of a filter-aid.
Problems in the Chemical Diagnosis of Some Hereditary Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Tashian Richard E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Some hereditary or acquired, qualitative or quantitative differences in the urinary excretion patterns of certain phenolic acids, α-keto acids, and indolic acids have been reviewed and discussed. The ketoacidurias are summarized in Table 1. As can be seen, there is considerable overlap in the excretion of primary, and presumably secondary metabolites. From these comparisons together with the other disorders discussed throughout this presentation, the following conclusions might be drawn:
1. Phenylketonuria can be readily separated from the other ketoacidurias by the presence of increased amounts of o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid.
2. The increased excretion of α-ketoisocaproic acid and α-ketoisovaleric acid should be definitive for branched-chain ketonuria.
3. Secondary disturbances in tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism, which are associated with many of these disorders, are often expressed in an increased production of the tyrosine metabolite p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid and its derivatives (which appear to be characteristic of liver dysfunction in both hereditary and acquired diseases) and in an increased excretion of the tryptophan metabolites of indoleacetic acid, indolelactic acid, and indican, and a decreased excretion of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid.
4. Because of the biochemical or symptomatic similarities between many metabolic disorders, it is sometimes difficult to make an accurate diagnosis unless variations in the excretion patterns for each disease entity are thoroughly understood, so that overlapping factors or variations in one factor will not confuse the diagnosis.
5. The dietary and drug intake of the patient under observation must be assiduously controlled before an abnormal, or abnormally increased, metabolite can be assigned an endogenous metabolic origin.
Keeping these facts and precautions in mind should reduce the likelihood of reporting a variant of a known hereditary metabolic disease as a new disorder. Nevertheless, since the study of metabolic diseases is so new, it is important at this stage to report all significant variations of even the well-established diseases.
Estimation of Cholesterol in Small Quantities of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Sheff M F , Gretz M Denise , McMarlin J B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method is described for the estimation of cholesterol in spinal fluid using the Tschugaeff reaction to produce a pink color proportional to the cholesterol concentration. The reproducibility and accuracy of the method are of a satisfactory order. The authors feel that, providing elementary safety precautions are observed, the method is suitable for the rapid routine estimation of cholesterol in small samples of spinal fluid.
A Simple, Stable Instrument for Determination of Bilirubin by Direct Spectrophotmetry
Authors: Jackson Sanford H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A description is given of a prototype instrument for the direct spectrophotometric determination of bilirubin in infant serum.
The instrument uses a mercury-arc emission lamp and interference filters to isolate monochromatic light.
Results given by this instrument are about 5 per cent higher than those by the Evelyn and Malloy chemical procedures but agree closely with those given by the Beckman DU spectrophotometer.
Quantitative Composition of Kidney Stones
Authors: Leonard Reid H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The kidney stone season for the Pensacola, Fla., area is shown to extend from May through November. No differences in composition of stones in and out of season could be found.
Classification of the calculi into five groups delineates the calcium oxalate and phosphate group as the typical stone. Calcium oxalate is more prominent than calcium phosphate, especially in sizes less than 10 mg.
Photometric Microdetermination of Total Serum Globulins by Means of a Tryptophan Reaction
Authors: Saifer Abraham , Gerstenfeld Shirley , Vecsler Francis 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Tauber perchloric acid method and the Fischl colorimetric procedure were combined into a quantitative method for tryptophan that is applicable directly to proteins without hydrolysis. The colorimetric tryptophan method was compared with both salt fractionation and electrophoretic methods for 26 normal sera and those from 51 patients with various chronic diseases. Analysis of the results for total serum globulins and A/G ratio in the three procedures indicated good agreement. Since serum globulins increase in diseases involving disturbed protein metabolism, accuracy of the determination increases as the disease progresses, whereas that for serum albumin falls. The tryptophan reaction is also directly applicable to low-protein fluids such as urine or cerebrospinal fluid, where salt fractionation technics are not suitable for determination of the A/G ratio. We confirmed Brackenridge's finding that increase in tryptophan content of malignant sera is due to increased total serum globulin level and not to increased tryptophan incorporation into a particular protein fraction.
X-Ray Spectroscopy in the Clinical Laboratory
Authors: Natelson Samuel , Sheid Bertrum 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A procedure is described for the determination of protein-bound iodine of human serum with the X-ray spectrometer. The protein-bound iodine is extracted from serum at acid pH with alcohol-ether (3:1) solution. Evaporation of this extract results in the loss of the inorganic iodine. The residue is extracted with ammoniacal methanol, evaporated on filter paper, and exposed to the X-ray field. The Lα radiation is evaluated using the flow proportional counter. An instrument is described for evaporating the ammoniacal methanol in a confined area on the paper. The residue from the alcohol-ether extract may also be digested, with the liberated iodine distilled onto a small circle of filter paper (in a simple apparatus described) and the filter paper exposed to the X-ray field. The procedure requires 2 ml. of serum.
Levels obtained by this method are somewhat lower than those obtained by an ashing procedure followed by the ceric-arsenite reaction. The X-ray method is more precise than the conventional procedures. In preliminary studies, the mean normal value found by this method was 4.7 µg./100 ml. of serum, with a range of ± 0.6 (2 σ).
An Equilibrating Device for Use in Conjunction with the Automatic Determination of Carbon Dioxide-Combining Power
Authors: Marsters Roger W 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The CO2 equilibrating device described has been found to yield results which are clinically satisfactory and, in addition, to render the automatic procedure for CO2-combining power simpler, more convenient, and less time-consuming. The method developed by Skeggs for the determination of carbon dioxide with the use of an automated system of analysis has been found to be practical, accurate, and reliable.
New Method for the Determination of Whole-Blood Iron and Hemoglobin
Authors: Connerty Harold V , Briggs Anglis R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A rapid, simple, highly accurate procedure for the determination of hemoglobin iron is described. The use of a sodium hypochlorite solution achieves a smoother, faster, cleaner digestion of hemoglobin and release of the iron than the use of concentrated sulfuric acid and persulfate.
The accuracy of the method is established by recovery experiments showing that a linear relation exists between the volume of a given hemoglobin solution analyzed and the total amount of iron released, as well as by the demonstration that a constant fixed ratio exists between hemoglobin iron and hemoglobin (as cyanmethemoglobin).
The new method is easier to perform than the time-honored procedure of Wong.
New Refractometric Methods for the Determination of Total Proteins in Serum and in Urine
Authors: Wolf A V , Fuller John B , Goldman E J , Mahony T D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
New, precise, physical methods for the determination of total protein in serum or plasma and in urine are described. They are based upon the refractometric determination of total solids in these fluids before and after protein has been removed by coagulation and, in ordinary use, they require no special standardization or calibration. The urine method is applicable primarily to protein concentrations above 100mg./100 ml. A by-product of the urine method is the direct and simple determination of the nonprotein specific gravity of proteinuric urine.
An o-Toluidine Method for Body-Fluid Glucose Determination
Authors: Dubowski Kurt M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
o-Toluidine, 6% (v/v) in glacial acetic acid, is used to determine glucose in biologic material after deproteinization with 3% (w/v) trichloracetic acid. A stable green color develops after heating at 100° for 10 min., and the absorbance is determined at 630 or 635 mµ. The reagent is stable for many months at room temperature, and the reaction follows Beer's Law over a very wide range of concentrations. The development of the procedure is discussed, as is the specificity of the method for glucose.
Photometric Determination of Cerebrospinal Fluid Total Globulin and A/G Ratio with a Tryptophan Reaction
Authors: Saifer Abraham , Gerstenfeld Shirley 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A previously described colorimetric tryptophan procedure for determination of serum total globulin and A/G ratio was modified so as to increase its sensitivity and suitability for determination of the small amount of globulins present in cerebrospinal fluid. Twenty-seven normal CSF specimens analyzed with the tryptophan method yielded a mean total globulin value of 14.0 ± 3.03 mg./100 ml., and a mean A/G ratio of 1.45 ± 0.25. These data are in good agreement with those reported for normal CSF specimens with the paper-electrophoretic method.
To demonstrate its clinical application in the diagnosis of neurologic disorders, the tryptophan method was used in the analysis of 51 CSF specimens from neurologic patients. Elevated total globulin values were obtained in 57 per cent. Six patients with normal total protein values showed decreased A/G ratios.
Microbiological Test for Leucine, Valine, and Isoleucine Using Urine Sample Dried on Filter Paper
Authors: Berry Helen K , Scheel Carolyn , Marks Joy 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Urine specimens dried on filter paper squares were obtained from 700 mentally retarded children. A microbiological assay was used to screen the specimens for the presence of valine, leucine, and isoleucine. Three specimens gave positive tests for all three amino acids. A generalized aminoaciduria was observed in two specimens, and in the third, elevation of valine and leucine/isoleucine was confirmed by paper chromatography. The use of these screening procedures for early detection of children with maple sugar urine disease is suggested.
Paper Chromatographic Estimation of Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Using Finger-tip Blood
Authors: Culley W J , Mertz E T , Luce M W , Calandro J M , Jolly D H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A paper chromatographic method for the determination of serum phenylalanine and tyrosine has been developed that requires only 0.12 ml. of serum, no deproteinization, and no expensive equipment. This method has been applied to the detection of phenylketonuria and to check serum levels of phenylketonurics on low-phenylalanine diets.
Laboratory Tests in the Differential Diagnosis of Liver Disease Report on Two Procedures
Authors: Keyser J W , Payne R B , Stephens B T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The seromucoid estimation and the Jirgl test were investigated as aids in the differential diagnosis of jaundice or hepatomegaly. Subnormal concentrations of seromucoid strongly suggest hepatocellular disease, while in this series most patients with hepatitis or cirrhosis had normal or raised concentrations. In obstructive jaundice normal or high values may be found. Very high values suggest obstruction due to carcinoma, or the presence of secondary deposits of carcinoma in the liver. However, so many other conditions are associated with a raised seromucoid concentration that this finding must be interpreted with caution. The Jirgl test is not specific for posthepatic obstruction, being, in the authors' experience, usually positive in infective hepatitis and in carcinoma with secondary deposits in the liver, and occasionally in cirrhosis. It is suggested that the test responds to intra- as well as to extrahepatic obstruction.
Determination of Urine Dopamine
Authors: Bischoff Fritz , Torres Adolfo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Duliere and Raper conversion of dopamine to 5,6-hydroxyindole is applied to urinary dopamine, which is concentrated and recovered by adsorption (pH 8.5-9.0) on and elution with dilute acetic acid from alumina. The spectrofluorometric readings are made at pH 5.3, with activation and fluorescence at 320 and 375 mµ, respectively. Proportionality between high and low internal standards is achieved when the 5,6-hydroxyindole reaction proceeds for 20 hours at room temperature. The increase of fluorescence with time adds specificity to the test. The recovery of standards added before adsorption on alumina compared with standards added after elution was 98 per cent.
Urinary dopamine was determined in normal individuals asleep and awake and in those with a number of pathologic conditions. The mean values were decreased in groups with Parkinsonism, diabetes, and cirrhosis of the liver. The study included 2 patients with pheochromocytoma.
Interferences in the Colorimetric Determination of Glucuronic Acid in Blood Serum
Authors: Mosher Robert E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The naphthoresorcinol reaction for the colorimetric determination of glucuronic acid has been investigated. The interference of glucose has been minimized by incorporating glucose, to approximate serum levels, in the glucuronolactone standards and adhering to exact analytic conditions. The colored product is extracted into β,β dichloroethyl ether and the absorbance is measured at 580 mµ.
A Routine Method for the Estimation of Serum Protein-bound Iodine
Authors: Bird R , Jackson Dorothy J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method for the determination of serum protein-bound iodine (PBI) is presented. Chloric acid digestion is carried out in a single tube as described by other authors.
In order to shorten the period when close supervision is necessary, the digestion process has been reduced to 1 hour and the estimation completed within 4 hours. The method has been modified to make it a more manageable routine procedure for either single or multiple estimations of PBI. To overcome complications involved in temperature control, the final estimation of inorganic iodide by the catalytic reduction of Ce+4 to Ce+3 is carried out at room temperature. The value of this method as a thyroid function test is assessed in 125 cases.
The Ultramicro Determination of Salicylates in Biologic Fluids
Authors: Hanok Albert 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method for determining salicylates in ultramicro volumes of blood, spinal fluid, and urine has been investigated. This method combines the simplicity of one reagent for color development and deproteinization with a high degree of accuracy and precision. Apparent salicylate values in blood and spinal fluid of normal individuals are of the order of 0.7 mg./100 ml.
The application of this method to analysis of capillary samples of blood would be of value in the treatment of salicylate poisoning in children and in the maintenance of therapeutic salicylate levels in pediatric practice.
Incorporation of Sulfur Amino Acids by Leucocytes during Wound Healing
Authors: Williamson Martin B , Whalen Mary V , Haley Harold B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The effect of wounding on the uptake of S35-labeled amino acids by leucocytes of the blood was studied. Although a significant increase in the rate of uptake of cystine was observed after wounding, there appeared to be no effect on the incorporation of methionine. The effect was most pronounced on the third day after wounding; by the seventh day, the uptake of cystine had returned almost to the normal control rate. Experiments with substances which inhibit metabolism indicated that different mechanisms are involved in the uptake of methionine and of cystine by leucocytes.
Use of Tris (Hydroxymethyl) Aminomethane Buffer in Moving-boundary Electrophoresis of Serum
Authors: Sendroy Julius , Rodkey F Lee , MacKenzie Maxime 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A tris-borate buffer solution of µ = 0.1 and pH 8.9 is shown to be satisfactory for use in the electrophoresis of human and bovine sera by the moving-boundary technic. Comparison of the patterns obtained by the use of tris-borate and barbital buffer is presented. Similar numbers of electrophoretically distinct components are found by the use of either buffer. Although the calculated mobility of albumin is slightly lower in tris-borate than in barbital, mobilities of the other serum components are similar in the two buffers. Several practical advantages of the tris-borate over the barbital mixture make the former buffer more than satisfactory as a replacement of the latter.
Stationary Phase as Color Reagent in Glass Paper Chromatography of Estrogens
Authors: Epstein Emanuel , Zak Bennie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A new technic has been described for the chromatographic separation of estrogens. It includes the use of a dual-purpose system where the impregnating material of the stationary phase (p-toluene sulfonic acid) is used as a color reagent after the separation is complete. This novel approach precludes the need for a spraying or dipping step to achieve the desired color reaction. Quantitation by densitometry and fluorescence is also detailed.
Errors Associated with the Direct Measurement of Human Serum Cholesterol Using the FeCI3 Color Reagent
Authors: Moore Robert V , Boyle Edwin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Evidence is presented concerning errors in the direct determination of human serum cholesterol with a ferric-chloride color reagent. It is shown that in physiologic concentrations the vitamins A, D, E, K, and niotinic acid cause no error, but that hemoglobin, anticoagulants, and impurities in acetic acid can cause errors. The control of these errors is discussed. Errors caused by steroids, added salts, and high bilirubin content of serum are discussed.
A Rapid and Sensitive Turbidimetric Method for Serum Lipase Based Upon Differences Between the Lipases of Normal and Pancreatitis Serum
Authors: Vogel William C , Zieve Leslie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A rapid turbidimetric method for the determination of serum lipase is described. The substrate is a nearly pure triglyceride in Tris buffer, with sodium deoxycholate as the emulsifying agent. The method is equal in sensitivity to the titrimetric measure of serum lipase using a modified Cherry-Crandall substrate.
The serum of patients with acute pancreatitis contains a lipase with optimal action at pH 9.1 and sodium deoxycholate concentration of 0.35%. These are different from the optimal pH and bile salt requirement for lipase activity in normal serum or duodenal contents.
Serum Glycoprotein Levels During Wound Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Williamson Martin B , DiLallo Lilita , Haley Harold B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The level of protein-bound hexoses was compared in several fractions of electrophoretically separated globulins in the sera of normal and wounded rats. Changes in the concentration of protein components which were not apparent from the amount of total protein of different fractions could be identified. Although wounding resulted in no change from the normal protein level of one α-globulin fraction, the protein-bound hexoses decreased significantly below the normal. In another α-globulin fraction from wounded animals, a parallel increase in both protein and hexose above the normal was observed. The total proteins in the β-globulin fraction were not affected by wounding, even though there was an appreciable increase in hexose in the wounded over the normal level. In spite of the marked decrease in the amount of protein in the γ-globulins of wounded rats, no significant difference in the hexoses associated with this fraction was observed. Other globulin fractions were unchanged during wound tissue regeneration.