bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of VAIN, CIN, and related HPV genotypes in Japanese women with abnormal cytology
Authors: Zhang Shitai , Saito Mayumi , Yamada Sumire , Sakamoto Jinichi , Takakura Masahiro , Takagi Hiroaki , Sasagawa Toshiyuki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractVaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) is often found by chance. We investigated the prevalence of VAIN and related human papillomavirus (HPV) types in comparison with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). This study enrolled 648 women who were referred to the outpatient clinic of Kanazawa Medical University Hospital for abnormal cytology from January 2009 to January 2019. HPV genotypes were determined using Genosearch‐31 + 4, which can detect 35 different HPV types. Colposcopy was performed at the first visit by an experienced gynecological oncologist. Among 611 subjects with squamous cell lesions, 107 (17.5%) VAIN cases were identified, and 67 (11.0%) women had both VAIN and CIN. Ultimately, 72 VAIN1, 15 VAIN2/3, 203 CIN1, 249 CIN2/3, 32 cervical squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), and one vaginal SCC (Vag‐SCC) were identified. The prevalences of VAIN1, VAIN2/3, and Vag‐SCC were 35.5%, 6.0%, and 3.1% of equivalent cervical lesions, respectively. The VAIN patients were older than the CIN patients (P = .002). About half of the VAIN cases were diagnosed during the follow‐up. Multiple HPV infections were found in 42.9% of the VAIN and CIN patients. HPV52, 16, 51, 53, and 56 were the most common types in VAIN, whereas HPV16, 52, 58, 51, and 31 predominated in CIN. HPV18 was rare in VAIN, HPV58 was more common in CIN than in VAIN, and HPV53 and HPV73 were more common in VAIN. In conclusion, VAIN1 was identified more frequently than we expected. Various HPV types were identified in the vagina, which is likely a reservoir for HPV.
Dual‐mode hydrophilic interaction normal phase and reversed phase liquid chromatography of polar compounds on a single column
Authors: Jandera Pavel , Hájek Tomáš 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAdopting a stationary phase convention circumvents problematic definition of the boundary between the stationary and the mobile phase in the liquid chromatography, resulting in thermodynamically consistent and reproducible chromatographic data. Three stationary phase definition conventions provide different retention data, but equal selectivity: (i) the complete solid phase moiety; (ii) the solid porous part carrying the active interaction centers; (iii) the volume of the inner column pores. The selective uptake of water from the bulk aqueous‐organic mobile phase significantly affects the volume and the properties of polar stationary phases. Some polar stationary phases provide dual‐mode retention mechanism in aqueous‐organic mobile phases, reversed‐phase in the water‐rich range, and normal‐phase at high concentrations of the organic solvent in water. The linear solvation energy relationship model characterizes the structural contributions of the non‐selective and selective polar interactions both in the water‐rich and organic solvent‐rich mobile phases. The inner‐pore convention provides a single hold‐up volume value for the retention prediction on the dual‐mode columns over the full mobile phase range. Using the dual‐mode monolithic polymethacrylate zwitterionic micro‐columns alternatively in each mode in the first dimension of two‐dimensional liquid chromatography, in combination with a short reversed‐phase column in the second dimension, provides enhanced sample information.
Nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal ratio as an index of animal growth rate
Authors: Kong Wye‐Lup , Miki Takeshi , Lin Ya‐Ying , Makino Wataru , Urabe Jotaro , Gu Shi‐Hong , Machida Ryuji J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractQuantification of growth is an important step to understand the flow of elements and energy in food webs, although in situ estimation of the growth rate is generally very difficult. The present study proposes the nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal ratio as a novel index of animal growth rate. Mitochondrial ribosomes are responsible for biosynthesis of energy (adenosine triphosphate) producing proteins, while nuclear‐encoded cytosolic ribosomes are responsible for other proteins, including cell growth and division. Synthesis of ribosomes requires large amounts of environmentally limiting nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the allocation of those elements between the two ribosome types changes with nutrient availability and hence, affects growth rate. The present study conducted laboratory growth experiments of Daphnia magna using various food concentration and temperature treatments. A positive correlation was found between nuclear‐encoded cytosolic to mitochondrial ribosomal ratio and somatic growth rate. A significant positive correlation was found between food concentration treatments and the ratio, but not between temperature treatments and the ratio. Our results demonstrate that the ratio between nuclear‐encoded cytosolic and mitochondrial ribosomes has the potential to be an effective growth rate estimator, but requires further modification and improvement. As total RNA of community samples is mostly composed of ribosomal RNA, analysis of sequence frequencies using high‐throughput sequencers allow application of our findings. Ratios of the obtained ribosomal RNA sequences from the community sample give us not only the taxonomic composition of the community but also a growth index of each group.
Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate (PHB) Improves Nursery-Phase Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Defense against Vibriosis
Authors: Situmorang Magdalena Lenny , Suantika Gede , Santoso Marchelia , Khakim Abdul , Wibowo Indra , Aditiawati Pingkan , Haniswita  
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study assessed the effect of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) on the growth, survival, and disease resistance of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. A 20-d feeding test using 30-d-postlarval Pacific white shrimp (100 shrimp/tank) tested three different diets: 0.3 g PHB/kg diet, 0.5 g PHB/kg diet, and commercial feed containing no PHB as the control. The feeding test was followed by a 10-d bacterial challenge test using Vibrio harveyi. After the feeding test, the highest average final body weight, specific growth rate, and total biomass (mean ± SD = 0.44 ± 0.28 g, 28.82 ± 2.08%/d, and 25.91 ± 7.19 g, respectively) were found in the 0.5 g PHB/kg diet group, while the 0.3 g PHB/kg diet showed the highest survival rate (67.00 ± 8.83%). After the Vibrio harveyi challenge test, both PHB diet treatments resulted in the same significantly higher survival rate (96.66 ± 4.71%) compared with the control treatment (70.00 ± 4.71%). The highest body weight gain during the challenge test was seen in the 0.5 g PHB/kg diet group. Total abundance of heterotrophic bacteria and Vibrio spp. was relatively similar for all treatments. Histopathological analysis showed that hepatopancreas samples from PHB-supplemented Pacific white shrimp showed decreasing tubular epithelial cell lesions as a result of Vibrio harveyi infection, suggesting that PHB protected the hepatopancreas of Pacific white shrimp from the destructive effect of Vibrio harveyi infection. Supplementation at 0.5 g PHB/kg significantly increased Pacific white shrimp survival and growth with or without Vibrio harveyi infection and, thus, has high potential for further use in Pacific white shrimp aquaculture.
The combined plastic and discrete fracture deformation framework for finite‐discrete element methods
Authors: Rougier Esteban , Munjiza Antonio , Lei Zhou , Chau Viet Tuan , Knight Earl Eugene , Hunter Abigail , Srinivasan Gowri 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe combined finite‐discrete element method (FDEM) was originally developed for fracture and fragmentation of brittle materials, more specifically for cementitious and rock‐like materials. In this work, a combination of a discrete crack and plastic deformation has been combined and applied to FDEM simulation of fracture. The deformation is described using a FDEM‐specific mechanistic approach with plastic deformation being formulated in material embedded coordinate systems leading to multiplicative decomposition and plastic flow, that is, resolved in stretch space; this is combined with the FDEM fracture and fragmentation criteria. The result and main novelty of the present work is a robust framework for simulation of large strain solid deformation combined with a multiplicative decomposition‐based model that simultaneously involves elasticity, plasticity, and fracture.
22%‐efficient Cd‐free Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 solar cell by all‐dry process using Zn0.8Mg0.2O and Zn0.9Mg0.1O:B as buffer and transparent conductive oxide layers
Authors: Chantana Jakapan , Kawano Yu , Nishimura Takahito , Kimoto Yoshinori , Kato Takuya , Sugimoto Hiroki , Minemoto Takashi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCd‐free Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGSSe)‐based solar cell fabricated by all‐dry process is developed to eliminate optical loss in CdS buffer and be readily applied into in‐line process. (Zn,Mg)O:B (BZMO) films can be deposited with the increased band‐gap energy (Eg) by metal organic chemical vapor deposition, and their optical and electrical properties are compared with those of (Zn,Mg)O:Al (AZMO) films prepared by sputtering method. It is shown that the AZMO and BZMO are suitable as transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer to avoid the optical loss at short wavelength of the solar cell. The free‐carrier absorption of the BZMO films is additionally lower than that of the AZMO, attributable to the lower carrier concentration. The low resistivity of the BZMO films with Mg content up to 0.1 in a range of 3 × 10−2 to 6 × 10−2 Ω.cm is observed. The CIGSSe solar cells are then fabricated with the Cs‐treated CIGSSe layers as the absorbers. Consequently, the CIGSSe solar cell with the conventional CdS buffer layer possesses the conversion efficiency (η) of 21.7%. In addition, Cd‐free CIGSSe solar with a structure of glass/Mo/CIGSSe/Zn0.8Mg0.2O/Zn0.9Mg0.1O:B has the increased short‐circuit current density to 39.8 mA/cm2, thereby enhancing the η to 22.0%. This is because there is the reduced free‐carrier absorption and increased Eg (3.57 eV) of Zn0.9Mg0.1O:B layer, which is proved for the high‐level technology. The recombination rates of the solar cells are moreover discussed.
Focused Ultrasound Preconditioning for Augmented Nanoparticle Penetration and Efficacy in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Mead Brian P. , Curley Colleen T. , Kim Namho , Negron Karina , Garrison William J. , Song Ji , Rao Divya , Miller G. Wilson , Mandell James W. , Purow Benjamin W. , Suk Jung Soo , Hanes Justin , Price Richard J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMicrobubble activation with focused ultrasound (FUS) facilitates the noninvasive and spatially‐targeted delivery of systemically administered therapeutics across the blood–brain barrier (BBB). FUS also augments the penetration of nanoscale therapeutics through brain tissue; however, this secondary effect has not been leveraged. Here, 1 MHz FUS sequences that increase the volume of transfected brain tissue after convection‐enhanced delivery of gene‐vector “brain‐penetrating” nanoparticles were first identified. Next, FUS preconditioning is applied prior to trans‐BBB nanoparticle delivery, yielding up to a fivefold increase in subsequent transgene expression. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analyses of tissue temperature and Ktrans confirm that augmented transfection occurs through modulation of parenchymal tissue with FUS. FUS preconditioning represents a simple and effective strategy for markedly improving the efficacy of gene vector nanoparticles in the central nervous system.
Enhanced Li‐Storage of Ni3S2 Nanowire Arrays with N‐Doped Carbon Coating Synthesized by One‐Step CVD Process and Investigated Via Ex Situ TEM
Authors: Yao Zhujun , Zhou Linming , Yin Haoyu , Wang Xiuli , Xie Dong , Xia Xinhui , Gu Changdong , Tu Jiangping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this work, a facile strategy for the construction of single crystalline Ni3S2 nanowires coated with N‐doped carbon shell (NC) forming Ni3S2@NC core/shell arrays by one‐step chemical vapor deposition process is reported. In addition to the good electronic conductivity from the NC shell, the nanowire structure also ensures the accommodation of large volume expansion during cycling, leading to pre‐eminent high‐rate capacities (470 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 and 385 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1) and outstanding cycling stability with a capacity retention of 91% after 100 cycles at 1 A g−1. Furthermore, ex situ transmission electron microscopy combined with X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectra are used to investigate the reaction mechanism of Ni3S2@NC during the charge/discharge process. The product after delithiation consists of Ni3S2 and sulfur, suggesting that the capacity of the electrode comes from the conversion reaction of both Ni3S2 and sulfur with Li2S.
Hysteretic performance of reinforced concrete cavity shear walls
Authors: Xu Gang , Li Aiqun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCavity shear wall, as a kind of precast wall with internal cavity, is divided into strong and weak areas. It is hoped that the structure stiffness, lateral load capacity, and ductility could be better matched in the cavity shear wall. Therefore, the quasi‐static tests were carried out to study the hysteretic performance of reinforced concrete cavity shear walls. Test results indicated that the regular squat shear wall's failure mode is dominated by shear and the setting of the cavity can effectively reduce the stiffness and lateral load capacity. The cavity makes the development and distribution of cracks in the sidewalls more uniform and finer, which is more conducive to energy dissipation. The rational match of the stiffness, lateral load capacity, and ductility can be achieved by arranging reasonable cavity in the shear wall. The purpose of improving the ductility and optimizing the failure mode of shear wall can also be achieved by relaxing the constraints of the bottom of the shear wall or setting several cavities. In addition, the multilayer shell model was adopted to simulate the specimens and parametric analysis was also carried out. The verification shows that the numerical model can predict the lateral responses of the cavity shear wall with reasonable accuracy. The parametric analysis shows that the initial stiffness and peak load of the shear wall would be reduced if there is cavity or horizontal seam at the bottom. However, the ductility could be improved if the cavity or horizontal seam is arranged in a reasonable combination. The influence of cavity and horizontal seam on the strain arch leads to the change of lateral capacity and response.
Quantifying Within‐Season Repeat Spawning by Rainbow Smelt with Implications for Comparing Sex Ratios and Survey Catches among Runs
Authors: Enterline Claire L. , Elzey Scott P. , Chase Bradford C. , Ayer Matthew H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAnadromous Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax provide an important nearshore prey base, but they have experienced severe population declines during the last century. Population estimates from spawning run surveys have not been calculated because within‐season repeat spawning, a behavior qualitatively described for this species based on previous studies, has not been quantified. Our objective was to determine repeat spawning behavior at two spawning sites by using passive integrated transponder technology. A preliminary laboratory tag retention and mortality study was performed to determine the effect of tagging on study results, and it showed that tagging did not cause significant mortality and tags were well retained. In our field studies, continuous monitoring of tagged fish showed that Rainbow Smelt made movements to the spawning grounds against the tide and at low tide, allowing the fish to be at the spawning grounds during the darkest nighttime hours. This is in contrast to past assumptions that Rainbow Smelt only spawn during nighttime high tide. We found that repeat spawning behavior was a predominantly male behavior, consistent with past studies. The behavior of males did vary between the two sites, although at each site the behavior was consistent among study years. In contrast, the behavior of females was consistent both among study years and between the sites. This finding indicates that future assessments of spawning populations of Rainbow Smelt could be improved by using female catch numbers, similar to other species that display skewed sex ratios.
High‐dimensional covariance matrix estimation
Authors: Lam Clifford 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCovariance matrix estimation plays an important role in statistical analysis in many fields, including (but not limited to) portfolio allocation and risk management in finance, graphical modeling, and clustering for genes discovery in bioinformatics, Kalman filtering and factor analysis in economics. In this paper, we give a selective review of covariance and precision matrix estimation when the matrix dimension can be diverging with, or even larger than the sample size. Two broad categories of regularization methods are presented. The first category exploits an assumed structure of the covariance or precision matrix for consistent estimation. The second category shrinks the eigenvalues of a sample covariance matrix, knowing from random matrix theory that such eigenvalues are biased from the population counterparts when the matrix dimension grows at the same rate as the sample size.This article is categorized under:
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Analysis of High Dimensional Data
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate Analysis
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Nonparametric Methods
Thin‐layer inertial effects in plasticity and dynamics in the Prandtl problem
Authors: Georgievskii D. V. , Müller W. H. , Abali B. E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEspecially in metal forming, large plastic deformation occurs in thin plates. The problem of compressing dies is analyzed to evaluate the spreading of a thin layer in between. The velocity of dies is a given function in time so that the kinematics of the process is known. This problem can be considered as a generalization of the classical Prandtl problem by taking inertial effects into account and introducing dimensionless parameters as internal variables depending on time. The first parameter is purely geometric corresponding to the thin‐layer approximation; the second and the third parameters are dimensionless velocity and acceleration during the dies getting pressed. We use singular asymptotic expansions of unknown functions and study how these parameters vary preceding the dies of moment. Depending on this relation, the dynamic corrections to the quasistatic solution is a part of various terms of the asymptotic series. The corresponding analytical investigation both for general case and for particular typical regimes of plates motion is carried out.
Ambivalence and the Illusion of Hegemony
Authors: Christophe Barbara 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChristophe’s chapter explores how cultural memory interacts with the teaching of the Cold War and the place of the political in history teaching. Christophe draws on her own research, interviews with teachers from Germany (divided into East and West) and Switzerland, who were presented with a quotation from a textbook on the Cold War, to examine the variations between the teacher’s responses and the role of ambivalence in teaching. The chapter questions whether ambivalence in modern textbooks actually conceals competing accounts of the Cold War given that each teacher, and indeed writer, brings to textbooks the hegemonic narrative they themselves have been taught, a narrative predominantly dependent upon the shared, accepted cultural memory of a nation.
Americans and Russians as Representatives of ‘Us’ and ‘Them’: Contemporary Swedish School History Textbooks and their Portrayals of the Central Characters of the Cold War
Authors: Persson Anders 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPersson analyses five contemporary Swedish school textbooks in order to understand how they present the USA and the USSR’s roles in the Cold War, examining how the superpowers’ origins and motives are presented, judgements about their actions offered, and the extent to which they are ‘othered’, stereotyped or homogenised, criticised or made into objects of identification. Persson draws on Arendt’s theory of ‘mak(ing) visits’ to explore how students might recognise themselves in the American or Russian people, arguing that to promote personal growth (and not just produce nationalists), textbooks should encourage recognition with both oppressors and victims. Persson aims to prompt further study on how the most recent shifts in political opinion and Swedish selfconception have affected textbook narratives.
The Cold War and the Polish Question
Authors: Wojdon Joanna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWojdon’s chapter approaches the topic of teaching the Cold War to secondary school students in Poland. She analyses and compares four different, widely used Polish textbooks and also observes a ‘typical’ secondary school lesson in order to understand how much scope there is within both mediums for opening up space for alternative interpretations of the Cold War and for the deliberate acknowledgement of different historians’ voices on the subject. She explores how international and non-political as well as national events are covered in the curriculum and why a Western interpretation of the Cold War, an idealised version of the West and a tendency towards classical, positivist reconstructions of the past continue to prevail in Polish classrooms and textbooks.
Rényi entanglement entropies for the compactified massless boson with open boundary conditions
Authors: Bastianello Alvise 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe investigate the Rényi entanglement entropies for the one-dimensional massless free boson compactified on a circle, which describes the low energy sector of several interacting many-body 1d systems (Luttinger Liquid). We focus on systems on a finite segment with open boundary conditions and possible inhomogeneities in the couplings. We provide expressions for the Rényi entropies of integer indices in terms of Fredholm determinant-like expressions. Within the homogeneous case, we reduce the problem to the solution of linear integral equations and the computation of Riemann Theta functions. We mainly focus on a single interval in the middle of the system, but results for generic bipartitions are given as well.
On conformal blocks, crossing kernels and multi-variable hypergeometric functions
Authors: Chen Heng-Yu , Kyono Hideki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this note, we present an alternative representation of the conformal block with external scalars in general spacetime dimensions in terms of afinitesummation over Appell fourth hypergeometric functionF4. We also construct its generalization to the non-local primary exchange operator with continuous spin and its corresponding Mellin representation which are relevant for Lorentzian spacetime. Using these results we apply the Lorentzian inversion formula to compute the so-called crossing kernel in general spacetime dimensions, the resultant expression can be written as a double infinite summation over certain Kampé de Fériet hypergeometric functions with the correct double trace operator singularity structures. We also include some complementary computations in AdS space, demonstrating the orthogonality of conformal blocks and performing the decompositions.