Abstract 6271: Hormone receptor inhibition as a strategy for radiosensitization of breast cancer
Authors: Michmerhuizen Anna R. , Zhang Amanda , Schwartz Rachel , Pesch Andrea M. , Chandler Benjamin C. , Ritter Cassandra L. , Liu Meilan , Wilder-Romans Kari , Spratt Daniel E. , Wahl Daniel R. , Nyati Shyam , Pierce Lori J. , Speers Corey 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose: Expression of the androgen receptor (AR) has been identified as a driver of tumor growth in triple negative breast cancers (TNBC), and previous work has nominated AR as a target for radiosensitization. In addition, 70-95% of all estrogen receptor (ER) positive (ER+) breast cancers also have coexpression of AR, suggesting extended utility of AR inhibition in the radiosensitization of these AR+, ER+ tumors. Here we assessed the efficacy of AR inhibition in ER+, AR+ breast cancers to better understand the role of AR signaling across breast cancer models. Further, we also investigated the effect of ER inhibition on radiosensitization of ER+ breast cancer models.
Methods: IC50 values were determined for MDV3100 (enzalutamide), ARN-509 (apalutamide), and ODM-201 (darolutamide) in TNBC cell lines (AR+ TNBC: MDA-MB-453, ACC-422, and SUM-185PE, and AR- TNBC: MDA-MB-231) and ER+ breast cancer cell lines (AR+, ER+: ZR-75-1, BT-474, CAMA-1, and AR-, ER+: MCF-7). IC50 values for tamoxifen were determined for ER+ breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, T47D, ZR-75-1), and ER- (SUM-159) cells. Clonogenic survival assays were performed to assess radiosensitization with ER or AR inhibition with tamoxifen or second generation anti-androgens, respectively, in TNBC and ER+ breast cancer models.
Results: AR inhibition with enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide showed limited single agent growth inhibition efficacy in AR+ TNBC and AR+, ER+ breast cancer cell lines (IC50 &gt; 10 μM). AR inhibition with enzalutamide did not induce radiosensitivity in vitro. In AR+, ER+ CAMA-1 cells, AR blockade with enzalutamide had a radioprotective effect with enhancement ratios (enhR) of 0.76-0.83. No radiosensitization was observed in BT-474 (enhR: 0.92-1.01) or ZR-75-1 cells (enhR: 0.94-1.00). Radiosensitization was also assessed with anti-androgens apalutamide and darolutamide in AR+ breast cancer models. Inhibition of ER with tamoxifen, however, induced radiosensitization in MCF-7 (enhR: 1.14-1.50) and T47D (enhR: 1.33-1.60) cells. No radiosensitization was observed with tamoxifen in ER- SUM-159 cells.
Conclusion: Although AR is a mediator of radioresistance in AR+ TNBC, AR inhibition does not provide comparable radiosensitization in AR+, ER+ models and may actually confer a radioprotective effect. In contrast, our results demonstrate ER inhibition is an effective radiosensitizing strategy in ER+ breast cancers, independent of AR status. This work highlights the complexities of androgen and estrogen receptor signaling in AR+, ER+ breast tumors and underscores the necessity for understanding context dependent effects when translating into patients with AR+ breast cancer.
Citation Format: Anna R. Michmerhuizen, Amanda Zhang, Rachel Schwartz, Andrea M. Pesch, Benjamin C. Chandler, Cassandra L. Ritter, Meilan Liu, Kari Wilder-Romans, Daniel E. Spratt, Daniel R. Wahl, Shyam Nyati, Lori J. Pierce, Corey Speers. Hormone receptor inhibition as a strategy for radiosensitization of breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6271.