bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Situating Projection
Authors: Menotti Gabriel , Crisp Virginia 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This introductory chapter situates the volume’s various investigations in projection practices within the broader context of visual culture and screen studies, striving to go beyond their moments of technological crisis. It seeks to present projection simultaneously as a process inherent to the territorialisation of film, a specialized effect of complex optical apparatus, and a mode of organising the world. In exploring these different definitions, the chapter argues for the importance of a materialist approach to moving-image technologies and a spatial understandings of time-based media. By providing an overview of the book chapters, it dwells on the significant role that projection has to play as a practice, technology, and expressive form across multiple cultural, temporal, and geographical contexts.
Imagistic Projection as Relational Becoming
Authors: Palazuelos Felix Rebolledo , Oliveira Andréia Machado 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The geometry of projected images onto screens is rather simple and can be quite readily understood through basic optics and Euclidian geometry. As a result of the imagistic immersion of the spectacle of cinema, one shares in the experience of spectatorship through the common subjectivity of the moving pictures and a common point of view. All spectators are served the same relational proposition that enfolds them within the encompassing reach of the projection before them. Still, the shared subjectivity of the content on the screen is different from the becoming-one with the projected screen image that we like to think as inhabiting us: the milieu of imagistic encounter associates what we refer to as the inside and the outside of experience to simultaneously emerge as a singular becoming. In the interest of undoing the dualistic spectator/screen relationship that perpetuates the divide of the subject/object relation, this chapter looks at the nature of the relation between the spectator and the screen and the formation of the projected image as a compositional assemblage where the moving images that ‘live within us as consciousness’ encompass the world we live in. This chapter seeks to answer the question of how we become one with the screen through an articulation of Deleuze’s concept of the fold by way of the optical perspective models of Alberti and Viator, Kepler’s explorations of continuity through the generalized understanding of conics and perspective, as well as the implications of Desargues’s projective geometry and a final resolution through topology.
Voice
Authors: Bohlman Andrea F. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The symbols and rituals of Polish Catholicism structured much of the opposition’s work and discourse. When one cherished leader, Father Jerzy Popiełuszko, was violently murdered by the Security Service in late 1984, he became a martyr for the opposition across religious differences. The chapter presents a media archaeology of his voice to suggest that the priest’s power lies at the nexus of sound technology, sound theology, and sound musicology. Historical recordings offer intimate access to his sermons and Polish-language chant and intimate recollections of his person. His murder was commemorated in compositions by Krzysztof Knittel, Andrzej Panufnik, and Muslimgauze. The analysis of his voice also unpacks his 1984 burial through ethnographic encounter at the 2009 reenactment of his funeral. The portrait sprawls and shows how the opposition, as a media assemblage, was concerned with bodily vulnerability.
Chorus
Authors: Bohlman Andrea F. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The chapter presents the history of one patriotic and Catholic hymn, “God Save Poland” (1816), to take a long historical view and gesture toward the real power of imagined musical solidarity. The hymn was ubiquitous in Poland in the 1980s and exemplifies the saturation of symbols at the heart of Solidarity’s nationalist enterprise, even showing this nationalism to be driven by song. A performance history of the song reveals its constant position as both a hymn of Polish Catholicism and a galvanizing refrain at the secularized scenes of popular uprisings. At times the song has challenged Catholicism as normative for Polish identity, at times confirmed it. Collective song’s communicative power is also articulated in Krzysztof Meyer’s Polish Symphony (1982). The symphony, like other art music examples across Musical Solidarities, suggests that, despite their abnegation of political entanglement, composers, too, joined in the core musical strategies of the opposition.
The Past, Present, and Future of Performance Management
Authors: Murphy Kevin R. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Performance management developed out of, and in part in reaction to, traditional performance appraisal systems. Despite frequent claims in the business press that performance appraisal is dying, fairly traditional appraisal systems are still common in work organizations. However, there is evidence of an ongoing shift toward performance management systems that differ from traditional performance appraisal systems in several important ways. The types of performance management systems exemplified in the case studies included in this volume place more emphasis on frequent, informal evaluation; real-time feedback; and alignment with organizational strategies and goals than is common in traditional appraisal systems. These types of performance management systems have a lot to offer, and the case studies illustrate the potential advantage of modern approaches to performance management. Unfortunately, these case studies also exemplify a deeply worrying trend in performance management: a frequent failure to even ask whether (much less to demonstrate that) performance management has any real effect on performance or effectiveness. Some recommendations are made regarding research strategies for evaluating performance management; several of the most pressing challenges in this endeavor are identified, notably the problematic status of feedback and the trade-offs involved when moving from formal appraisal systems to systems built around informal feedback.
Assessment and Grading in Music Courses
Authors: Conway Colleen M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 2 provides a detailed overview of approaches to assessing music teaching and learning in a higher education setting. The chapter begins with a discussion of music aptitude versus music achievement and clarifies the differences between these constructs as well as between assessment and grading. Types of measures such as multiple choice, essay tests, and performance assessments are provided with discussion of advantages and disadvantages of each. A focus on reliability and validity if assessments is included and sample student-generated rubrics for various music courses are provided. Performance rubrics are provided as well. The chapter concludes with discussion of departmental level assessment.
Understanding the Learners
Authors: Conway Colleen M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 3 focuses on the cognitive and intellectual growth of college students and includes vignettes written by undergraduate students. The role of the professor in assisting the undergraduate in developing from dualism to relativism is discussed. A review of various learning styles and a discussion of multiple intelligences is provided. Various strategies for motivating students are discussed. Specific techniques for self-regulation are also examined. The chapter concludes with suggestions for differentiating instruction. Suggestions for underclassmen include autobiographical assignments, modeling and thinking aloud; while suggestions for upperclassmen include choice in assignments and recognition of the challenges of planning a future in the arts.
Teaching Applied Music
Authors: Conway Colleen M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter 10 is based on responses from applied music faculty around the country as well as responses from undergraduate students regarding applied lesson study. Quotes from both applied faculty and undergraduate students are included throughout the chapter. I have tried to represent the voice of the applied teacher in this chapter as a way of honoring the very specific culture that is created in each unique applied studio. Issues presented include scheduling logistics, pianists, choosing repertoire and materials, juries and auditions, practicing and motivation. Stories written by applied faculty as well as students from around the country are used to illustrate the characteristics of successful applied teachers.
Geographical Change and the Law of the Sea
Authors: Purcell Kate 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This book examines the implications of geographical change for maritime jurisdiction under the law of the sea. In a multistranded intervention, it analyses and critiques both the explicit and implicit reasoning underpinning the familiar claim that maritime limits are, as a general rule, ambulatory—shifting with changes to the coast. The book examines and challenges related and analogous arguments regarding the implications of geographical change for maritime boundaries. It attempts to clarify the principles and presumptions bearing upon an assessment of the fluidity of boundaries generally. Finally, it considers and contests claims that entitlement to maritime space will be lost if the features generating such entitlement are submerged by rising seas. This analysis is extended in a comment on the implications of a loss of habitable land and large-scale population displacement for continuing territorial sovereignty and statehood. The in-depth analysis of the existing law in this book offers new answers to the question of the implications of geographical change for entitlement to maritime space, maritime limits, and international maritime boundaries. It also helps to clarify the circumstances in which either or both territorial sovereignty and statehood may be lost, explaining why the impacts of climate change upon land and population will not automatically have this result—even if the affected State is no longer ‘effective’ as a State or territorial sovereign. The book includes an analysis of the principle of intertemporal law that suggests a useful framework for considering questions of stability and change in international law more broadly.
Conclusion
Authors: Purcell Kate 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This Conclusion brings together the results of the preceding analyses in an account of the limited legal significance of geographical change for maritime jurisdiction. It considers some final instances of State practice that may appear to support the ambulatory thesis. It is demonstrated that while the relevant practice is not unlawful, it does not show that maritime limits must be adjusted in response to geographical change under international law. More broadly, geographical change, including climate-related change, does not threaten the ‘legal order of the seas and oceans’ in the manner that some recent commentary on the implications of climate change for maritime jurisdiction suggests. The existing law does not provide for ambulatory maritime limits or condition continuing entitlement to maritime space on geographical circumstances remaining unchanged. States wishing to retain established entitlement to maritime space and unilaterally established maritime limits in the event of coastal change are permitted to so, unless they no longer possess territorial sovereignty over coastal land (which also depends on whether they intend to give it up). International boundaries, including maritime boundaries, may be fixed or ambulatory, but unless there is clear evidence that an ambulatory boundary was intended, there will be a presumption that established boundaries will not shift with subsequent changes to either the coast or territorial sea baselines. The law was not developed in ignorance of the changeability of coastal geography but makes use of geography in ways that do not leave sovereignty, sovereign rights, or legal limits and boundaries vulnerable to the vicissitudes of nature. The role of geography in the law of the sea contributes to rather than undermines the stability of a spatial and functional division of State rights in the sea. In this regard, it is not necessary to amend the existing law in response to the impacts of climate-related change on the oceans and coasts; instead, it is important to better understand it.
The Development of European Human Rights and Freedom of Expression Law
Authors: Erdos David 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the legal protection of freedom of expression across Europe and situates this within the broader development of protections for civil and political rights. It argues that such protections have deep philosophical and jurisprudential roots within the European tradition and were further formalized including through the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) after the Second World War. Nevertheless, it was not until the 1970s that legal enforcement of these protections became widespread. The chapter considers the extensive ECHR jurisprudence that has since developed, including its special protection of ʻpublic interestʼ and, to a lesser extent, artistic expression. It considers the claim that this case law privileges the Press, arguing instead that it accords respect for the vocational task of a range of professional actors including both academics and audio-visual media. It also elucidates the much more limited but deepening jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU). Finally, the chapter considers the extent to which European States have felt it necessary to codify the rights and limits of core instances of freedom of expression such as journalism. Great divergence on this issue are apparent. Such codification is common (but increasingly contested) in the audio-visual media sector throughout Europe and in a much wider area in several civil law jurisdictions. On the other hand, extensive legal codification has been seen as inappropriate in many other contexts, with preference being given instead to the elucidation of detailed norms through ʻsoftʼ guidance and self-regulation.
The Development of European Data Protection Law and Regulation
Authors: Erdos David 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the development of European data protection, both as a codified form of regulation and as a human right, from its inception to the present day. In contrast to more ʻclassicalʼ rights, such as freedom of expression and even privacy, data protection only emerged as a discrete concept with the rise of computer power in the 1970s. The focus in Europe from this time has been on elaborating a progressively more detailed and harmonized regulatory code to govern the processing of personal data across the EU and wider European Economic Area (EEA). Advisory Council of Europe Resolutions in the 1970s led to a binding but optional Data Protection Convention in the 1980s, to a mandatory Data Protection Directive in the 1990s, and finally to a General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the 2010s which is directly applicable across the EU. In addition, data protection has increasingly been recognized as a fundamental right and, in particular, was included within the EU Charter that was drafted in 2000 and acquired pan-EU legal status in 2009. These developments have dovetailed with the emergence of a significant body of relevant Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) jurisprudence. However, the regulatory Data Protection Authorities (DPAs) also remain critical interpretative actors and have issued a number of important opinions including through the Article 29 Working Party that under the GDPR has become the European Data Protection Board.
Second-Generation European Data Protection and Professional Journalism
Authors: Erdos David 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the legislative interface between data protection and the professional journalistic media under the Data Protection Directive (DPD) and then examines the formal regulatory guidance produced by European Data Protection Authorities (DPAs) during the same period. Despite the DPD’s emphasis on ensuring a careful balancing between equally fundamental rights, statutory provisions at State level were profoundly divergent. In broad terms, Northern European States tended to grant journalism sweeping exemptions from data protection, whilst Southern and Eastern European States set down tough standards even in this sensitive area. These media system differences mapped on to broader cultural fissures concerning individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and attitudes towards power inequalities. In the great majority of cases the national DPA retained a supervisory role in this area and over 60 per cent of these bodies, as well as the Article 29 Working Party, had published some statutory guidance. However, this guidance was often confined to a brief elucidation of the importance of contextual rights balancing coupled, in a number of cases, with an emphasis on promoting a co-regulatory connection between statutory supervision and self-regulation. A minority of DPAs did produce much more extensive guidance focusing especially on children’s rights over data, image rights and visual/audio-visual content, and the right to be forgotten and digital news/media archives.
The Meaning of Attribution
Authors: de Stefano Carlo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Chapter I offers a reconstruction of the definition of attribution for the purposes of State responsibility for internationally wrongful acts, drawing from the history and travaux of the process of codification of the international law of State responsibility that resulted in the adoption by the International Law Commission in 2001 of the text of the ARSIWA (Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts). This part emphasizes the preliminary operation and role of rules of attributability in comparison to the other ‘secondary’ rules of international law. In addition, it discusses the threshold principle of the supremacy of international law in order to convey the autonomous dimension of attributability issues in international law vis-à-vis municipal law. Last, it illustrates the distinction between issues of attribution, on the one hand, and issues of jurisdiction and of State immunity, on the other.
The Ordering of Movement
Authors: Scholz Luca 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Early modern authorities attempted to promote, restrict, and channel the movement of goods and people for reasons that ranged from economic considerations to political motives and public health. In practice, however, these interferences only had mixed success. In the Holy Roman Empire’s dense landscape of ill-defined, overlapping political entities, the control over moving goods and people was a permanent point of contention. While the Empire’s history has often been written in distinctly diachronic terms, this study approaches the Empire in a spatial perspective and stresses its interest beyond the bounds of German history. Conflicts around the ordering of movement were often framed as matters of safe conduct, a quasi-sovereign right to authorize and protect the movement of various goods and people. While safe conduct always maintained a protective function, at the hands of the Empire’s territorial authorities it became a powerful instrument of political, fiscal, and symbolic power as well as a vehicle for gaining control over important thoroughfares.
Analysing Modality
Authors: Wilson Alastair 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents and defends the basic tenets of quantum modal realism. The first of these principles, Individualism, states that Everett worlds are metaphysically possible worlds. The converse of this principle, Generality, states that metaphysically possible worlds are Everett worlds. Combining Individualism and Generality yields Alignment, a conjecture about the nature of possible worlds that is closely analogous to Lewisian modal realism. Like Lewisian modal realism, Alignment entails that each possible world is a real concrete individual of the same basic kind as the actual world. These similarities render EQM suitable for grounding a novel theory of the nature of metaphysical modality with some unique properties. Also like Lewisian modal realism, quantum modal realism is a reductive theory: it accounts for modality in fundamentally non-modal terms. But quantum modal realism also has unique epistemological advantages over Lewisian modal realism and other extant realist approaches to modality.
Diverging Everettian Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Wilson Alastair 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter sets out the version of quantum mechanics—diverging EQM—that constitutes the physics component of quantum modal realism. After a potted history of Everettian quantum mechanics, and an introduction to recent decoherence-based versions of the approach, I sketch a distinctive metaphysical understanding of Everettian quantum mechanics that involves diverging ‘parallel worlds’ instead of overlapping ‘splitting worlds’. I argue that the choice between divergence and overlap is underdetermined by the physics itself; I then adapt an argument of David Lewis’s that supports divergence over overlap, emphasizing the need to make room for objective probabilities in the Everettian picture. The chapter concludes by rejecting some unpersuasive motivations for overlap.
Paideia, or Platonic Education, in Marius the Epicurean
Authors: Lee Adam 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines Platonic education in Marius the Epicurean (1885)—that is, music and gymnastics, also known as paideia. As an apology for the ‘Conclusion’ to The Renaissance, Marius explains aesthetic education Platonically as an overcoming of scepticism brought about by the Heraclitean flux, which led to the establishment of Forms in Plato’s Cratylus as a way to save meaning in language. Much of Pater’s aesthetic education, therefore, is the recognition of form within matter, as beauty indicates reality. Marius has philosophical encounters with the historical Marcus Aurelius, Apuleius, and Lucian, engaging with, among other philosophies, Platonism and outgrowing Epicureanism. But it is more personal encounters that shape Marius, both literary and ultimately religious, as he is increasingly guided by his daimon or guardian spirit. When Marius sacrifices himself for the sake of friends his conversion to Christianity is obscured because the highest knowledge, Platonically, is first-person.
Platonic Communion and ‘An Unfinished Romance’ in Gaston de Latour
Authors: Lee Adam 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the Platonism in Pater’s Gaston de Latour, which began publication in monthly instalments in 1888. Like Marius, Gaston is set in a time of religious turmoil—the religious wars of sixteenth-century France—and follows a single character in search of spiritual transcendence. Along the way Gaston has critical encounters with historical authors, such as Michel de Montaigne and Giordano Bruno, who enrich his understanding of Platonism. The love that seeks wholeness in Plato’s Symposium is proposed as a model for Pater’s critical engendering with historical authors. Beyond Platonic love narratives, Pater incorporates the Odyssean homecoming, employed by Neoplatonists, and the Christian narrative of desire in Song of Solomon. Gaston’s later chapters seem to engage with Oscar Wilde’s ‘The Portrait of Mr. W. H.’ concerning what Pater means by the phrase ‘lover and philosopher at once’, inspired by Plato’s Phaedrus.