bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the balance skills, personality, and temperament traits between elite sports athletes and football players
Authors: Wojciechowska-Maszkowska Bożena , Borzucka Dorota , Rogowska Aleksandra 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Although research on balance skills and personality were explored in the field of sports science, little is known about the relationship between the two phenomena. This study aims to investigate the association of postural balance with traits of personality and temperament. The differences between elite athletes, football players, and the control sample will also be examined. Methods: Participants in the case-control study were 73 people, aged between 16 and 30 years old (M = 21.29, SD = 2.47), including 59% of men. Three samples of participants consisted of Elite Athletes (AE, n = 17, 23.29%) of the Polish National Team; Football Players (FP, n = 32, 43.84%); and Control Sample (CS, n = 24, 32.88%). Postural control was assessed on a force platform (Type 9286AA, Kistler Instrument AG, Winterthur, Switzerland) with a sampling frequency of 100 Hz. The center of pressure (COP) parameters was measured during 20 seconds in both conditions eye open, and eye closed, in both directions anterior-posterior (AP) and medial-lateral (ML). The COP parameters include standard deviation (SD), mean range (RA), mean velocity (MV), and entropy (SE). The NEO-FFI questionnaire was used to assess Big-Five personality traits, whereas the FCB-TI was used to measure temperament traits. Results: One-way ANOVA revealed that the EA and CS groups were more stable in ML direction than the FP group. In the AP direction, the athletes from the EA group were more stable than the CS group. Nor personality, neither temperament did not differentiate the three groups of participants, beside agreeableness, which was significantly lower in both EA and FP groups. Openness to experiences is positively associated with COP parameters, as it was shown in regression analysis. All COP parameters can explain for about 40% of openness variability. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that EA and CS have better stability than footballers in both ML and AP direction. Openness seems to be related to postural balance skills.
Stress Perception Mediates the Relationship between Stress and Quality of Life among Chinese Police Officers
Authors: Zhu Yueping , Jiang Wenchen , Wang Jiayu , Jiao Yongyong , Chen Shulin 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Police officers are known for working under high-stress environment, and it is widely reported that police officers suffer from stress-related ailments which could subsequently impact their life quality. However, there is little direct research that describes the relationship between police officers’ quality of life and stress. Current study aims to investigate police officers’ quality of life and explore the effect of stress on life quality of police officers. Our study also explores the effect of stress perception on the relationship between the stress and quality of life to see whether changing police officers’ stress perception can improve their quality of life.Methods We conduct literature search on police officers’ life quality in China, and compare the result against the general population. We also investigate 914 Chinese police officers, measured their life quality, stress level and stress perception, and analyze the stress’ influence on quality of life.Results The result shows that the life quality of police officers is generally lower than the general population, and many factors, such as age, education level and gender, will influence the quality of life. Police officer’s life quality is negatively correlated with their stress level, and stress perception appears to mediate the relationship between the stress and quality of life.Conclusion Police officers’ quality of life is low, and stress has negative effect on it. And stress would affect the stress perception and then influence mental and physical health of police officers.
A video protocol for rapid dissection of mouse dorsal root ganglia from defined spinal levels
Authors: Sleigh James Nicholas , West Steven J , Schiavo Giampietro 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective
Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) are heterogeneous assemblies of assorted sensory neuron cell bodies found in bilateral pairs at every level of the spinal column. Unipolar afferent neurons convert external stimuli from the environment into electrical signals that are retrogradely transmitted to the spinal cord dorsal horn. To do this, they extend single axons from their DRG-resident somas that then bifurcate and project both centrally and distally. DRG can be dissected from mice at embryonic stages and any age post-natally, and have been extensively used to study sensory neuron development and function, response to injury, and pathological processes in acquired and genetic diseases. We have previously published a step-by-step dissection method for the rapid isolation of post-natal mouse DRG. Here, the objective is to extend the protocol by providing training videos that showcase the dissection in fine detail and permit the extraction of ganglia from defined spinal levels.
Results
By following this method, the reader will be able to swiftly and accurately isolate specific lumbar, thoracic, and cervical DRG from mice. Dissected ganglia can then be used for RNA/protein analyses, subjected to immunohistochemical examination, and cultured as explants or dissociated primary neurons, for in-depth investigations of sensory neuron biology.
Searching for Programme Theories for a realist evaluation: A case study comparing an academic database search and a simple Google search
Authors: Coleman Susanne , WRIGHT Judith M , NIXON Jane , SCHOONHOVEN Lisette , TWIDDY Maureen , GREENHALGH Joanne 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Realist methodologies are increasingly being used to evaluate complex interventions in health and social care. Programme theory development (ideas and assumptions of how a particular intervention works) is a key initial step in realist methodology, with literature reviews providing important evidence to support this. Deciding how to search for programme theories is challenging and there is limited guidance available. Using an example of identifying programme theories associated with the use of Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Instruments in clinical practice, the authors explore and compare several different approaches to literature searching and highlight important methodological considerations for those embarking on similar reviews.
Methods
We compared the performance of an academic database search with a simple Google search and developed an optimised search strategy for the identification primary references (i.e. documents providing the clearest examples of programme theories) associated with the use of Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Instruments (PU-RAIs). We identified the number of primary references and the total number of references retrieved per source. We then calculated the number needed to read (NNR) expressed as the total number of titles and abstracts screened to identify one relevant reference from each source.
Results
The academic database search (comprising CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, HMIC, Medline) identified 2 /10 primary references with a NNR of 1395.The Google search identified 7/10 primary references with a NNR of 10.1. The combined NNR was 286.3. The optimised search combining Google and CINAHL identified 10/10 primary references with a NNR of 40.2.
Conclusion
The striking difference between the efficiency of the review’s academic database and Google searches in finding relevant references prompted an in-depth comparison of the two types of search. The findings indicate the importance of including grey literature sources such as Google in this programme theory search, while acknowledging the need for transparency of methods. Further research is needed to facilitate improved guidance for programme theory searches to enhance practice in the realist field and to save researcher time and therefore resource.
Mind-body training – a single-arm feasibility study of community-delivered Baduanjin training for frail older adults
Authors: Liu Xiao , Seah Jean Wei Ting , Pang Benedict Wei Jun , Tsao Mary Ann , Gu Falong , Ng Wai Chong , Tay Junie Ying Ru , Ng Tze Pin , Wee Shiou Liang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome, characterized by reduced physiologic reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors, due to cumulative decline in multiple physiological systems. Our study examined the feasibility and effects of a community-delivered BDJ training program among pre-frail/frail community-dwelling older people in preparation for a randomised control implementation study.Methods Our study was a single arm feasibility study in community setting. Eleven participants (aged 77 ± 6 years; 2 frail, 9 prefrail at baseline) completed the program. Sixteen week group BDJ training co-designed and implemented by community-based providers in Singapore. Recruitment, attendance and adverse events were recorded throughout the training. A participants’ survey was also administered after the training program. Effects of the intervention on physical and functional outcomes (hand grip strength, knee extension strength, Time Up and Go (TUG), Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA), 30-second Sit-to-Stand test, 6-meter fast gait speed test), frailty outcomes (frailty score and status), and other outcomes (Maastricht Questionnaire (MQ), Fall Efficacy Scale (FES), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and EQ-5D-5L) were examined before and after the program.Results Of 31 older adults screened to be frail, 15 met inclusion criteria and 3 refused participation resulting in 12 older adults enrolled in the program. One participant was hospitalized (unrelated to BDJ training) and the other 11 completed the program with average overall attendance of 89%. Most (89%) of the 44 training sessions had attendance > 80%. The program received positive feedback with no training-related adverse events. Participants either reversed (n = 2) or maintained (n = 9) their frailty statuses. There were significant within-group post-training improvements in hand grip strength (p = 0.013), knee extension strength (p = 0.048), TUG (p = 0.018), MQ (p = 0.001), FES (p = 0.022), MoCA (p = 0.014), GDS (p = 0.028), EQ-5D-5L index score (p = 0.029). The reduction of frailty score and PPA fall risk score showed moderate-to-large effect size.Conclusions Community-delivered BDJ training program was safe and feasible for prefrail/frail older adults with the potential to improve physical and cognitive function, reduce fall risk, improve psychological well-being, and reverse frailty status.
Therapeutic Effect of Dual CAR-T Therapy Targeting PDL1 and Anti-MUC16 Antigens on Ovarian Cancer cells
Authors: Li Tong , Wang Jiandong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: More favorable treatment against epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC) is urgently needed because of its insidious nature at an early stage and a low rate of five-year survival. The primary treatment, extensive surgery combined with chemotherapy, exhibit few benefits for improving prognosis. Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell technology as novel immunotherapy has made breakthrough progress in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, and there were also benefits in a partial solid tumor in previous research. Therefore, CAR-T cell technology may be a promising candidate as an immunotherapeutic tool against EOC. However, there are some weaknesses in targeting one antigen from the previous preclinical assay, such as on-target off-tumor cytotoxicity. Thus, the more specific dual-target CAR-T cell may be a better choice.Methods: We Constructed tandem PD1-antiMUC16 dual-CAR, PD1 single-CAR, and anti-MUC16 single-CAR fragments by PCR and genetic engineering, followed by preparing CAR-T cells via lentiviral infection. The expression of CAR molecules on single and dual CAR-T cells detected by flow cytometry. The killing ability and activation of CAR-T cells were measured by cytotoxic assays and cytokines release assays in vitro. The therapeutic capacity of CAR-T cells was assessed by tumor-bearing mice model assay in vivo.Results: We successfully constructed CARs lentiviral expression vectors and obtained single and dual CAR-T cells. CAR-T cells demonstrated robust killing ability against OVCAR-3 cells in vitro. Meanwhile, CAR-T cells released plenty of cytokines such as interleukin-2(IL-2), interferon-γ(IFN-γ)，and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). Besides, CAR-T cells indicated a therapeutic benefit against OVCAR-3 tumor-bearing mice models and significantly prolonged survival time of mice. Dual CAR-T cells were proved to be two to four times more efficacious single CAR-T cells on survival time. Conclusion: Dual CAR-T cells exhibited a similar ability as single CAR-T cells against OVCAR-3 cells in vitro. However, dual CAR-T cells verified more outstanding capacity against OVCAR-3 cells than single CAR-T cells in vivo. Furthermore, it significantly prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice models. Thus, PD1-antiMUC16 CAR-T cells have more potent antitumor activity than single CAR-T cells in vitro and in vivo, and it could be applied in the treatment of EOC.
Recognition of arthropod species names using bigram-based classification
Authors: Raffington Jennien , Steinke Dirk , Tulpan Dan 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe task of recognizing species names in scientific articles is a quintessential step for a large number of applications in high-throughput text mining and data analytics, such as species-specific information collection, construction of species food networks and trophic relationship extraction. These tasks become even more important in fast-paced species-discovery areas such as entomology, where an impressive number of new arthropod species are discovered each year. This article explores the use of twocharacter n-grams (bigrams) in machine learning models for arthropod species name recognition. This particular method has been previously applied successfully to the task of language identification [1] but the application to species name identification had yet to be explored.ResultsArthropod species names, regular English words used in scientific publications and person names were collected from the public domain and bigrams were extracted and used as classifier features. A number of learning classifiers spanning 7 algorithmic categories (tree-based, rule-based, artificial neural network, Bayesian, boosting, lazy and kernel-based) were tested and the highest accuracies were consistently obtained with LIBLINEAR [2], Bayesian Logistic Regression [3], the Multilayer Perceptron [4], Random Forest [5], and the LIBSVM [6] classifiers. When compared with dictionary-based external software tools such as GNRD [7] and TaxonFinder [8], our top-3 classifiers were insensitive to words capitalization and were able to correctly classify novel species names that are absent in dictionary-based approaches with accuracies between 88.6% and 91.6%.ConclusionsOur results suggest that character bigram-based classification is a suitable method for distinguishing arthropod species names from regular English words and person names commonly found in scientific literature. Moreover, our method can also be used to reduce the number of false positives produced by dictionary-based methods.
Changes In Self-Reported Sleep Duration With Age - A 36-Year Longitudinal Study of Finnish Adults
Authors: Hublin Christer , Haasio Lassi , Kaprio Jaakko 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Sleep deprivation is often claimed to be increasingly common, but most studies show small changes in sleep duration over the last decades. Our aim was to analyze long-term patterns in self-reported sleep durationin a population-based cohort.Methods: Members ofthe Older Finnish Twin Cohort have responded to questionnaires in 1975 (N = 30,915 individuals,response rate 89%, mean age 36 years), 1981 (24,506, 84%, 41 years), 1990 (12,502,77%, 44 years), and 2011 (8510, 72%, 60 years).Weibull regression models were used to model the effects of follow-up time and age simultaneously.Results: Sleep duration has decreased in all adult age groups and in both genders.The mean duration was in men 7.57 hours in 1975 and 7.39 in 2011, and in women 7.69 and 7.37, respectively. The decrease was about 0.5minutes in men and 0.9in women per year of follow-up. In the age-group 18-34 years, mean sleep length was 7.69 hours in 1975 and 7.53 in 1990. Among 35-54-year-old it was 7.57 hours in 1975 and 7.34 in 2011, and in the age group of 55+ year olds7.52 and 7.38, correspondingly. The change was largest in middle-aged group: about 23 minutes or about 0.6 minutes per year of follow-up.Conclusions: There has been a slight decrease in mean sleep duration during the 36-year follow-up.Although the sleep duration was longer in 1970s and 1980s, the probablemain cause for the change in this study populationis the effect of aging.
Correlation of Arterial blood gas value in outcome of patient admitted with acute exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Gautam Santosh , C Shiva Raj K , Sijapati Milesh Jung , Gyawali Purnima , KC Geetika , Gurung Sukh Bahadur 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction: The outcome of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease depends upon the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide This study was aimed to find the role of arterial blood gas parameters during the length of hospital stay among patients admitted for COPD with acute exacerbation. Materials and Methods: This was an observational study conducted in KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital from February 2017 to August 2019. Patients admitted with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were evaluated. Demographic data as well as SPO2, pulmonary function test, and arterial blood gas analysis were recorded and analyzed. Results: Among 112 patients, the female to male ratio was 1.38: 1 with 84.8% over 60 years of age. One-third of patients (n = 38) had exposure to both tobacco smoking and biomass and of them, 86.8% were females. Mean SpO2 was 75.9% and mean FEV1 was 0.92 L (SD = 0.295) and significant association was found (p < 0.001) between them. Furthermore, 70 (62.5%) patients had type I respiratory failure and 42 patients (37.5%) had type II respiratory failure. Patients with type II respiratory failure and hypercapnic patients had prolonged hospital stay with significant p-value (p < 0.001). Similarly, significance was observed in the p-value for blood pH, which was < 0.05. Conclusions: Increased length of hospital stay is seen in patients with AECOPD with type II respiratory failure. Hence, aggressive early management to correct hypercapnia may lead to decreased hospital stay along with a better outcome. Thus hypercapnia should be considered as one of the important criteria to flag the patient and manage accordingly.
Time-dependent Tsunami Source Following the 2018 Anak Krakatau Volcano Eruption Inferred from Nearby Tsunami Recordings
Authors: Zhu Yifan , An Chao , Wang Teng , Liu Hua 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The eruption of the Anak Krakatau volcano, Indonesia, on 22 December 2018 induced a destructive tsunami (the Sunda Strait tsunami), which was recorded by four nearby tidal gauges. In this study we invert the tsunami records and recover the tsunami generation process. Two tsunami sources are obtained, a static one of instant initial water elevation and a time-dependent one accounting for the continuous evolution of water height. The time-dependent results are found to reproduce the tsunami recordings more satisfactorily. The complete tsunami generation process lasts approximately 9 min and features a two-stage evolution with similar intensity. Each stage lasts about 3.5 min and elevates a water volume of about 0.15 km 3 . The time, duration and volume of the volcano eruption in general agree with seismic records and geomorphological interpretations. We also test different sizes of the potential source region, which lead to different maximum wave height in the source area, but all the results of time-dependent tsunami sources show the robust feature of two stages of wave generation. Our results imply a time-dependent and complex process of tsunami generation during the volcano eruption.
In vitro resynthesis of lichenization reveals the genetic background of symbiosis-specific fungal-algal interaction in Usnea hakonensis.
Authors: Kono Mieko , Kon Yoshiaki , Ohmura Yoshihito , Satta Yoko , Terai Yohey 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Symbiosis often gives organisms the ability to expand ecological niches which are inaccessible as individuals. In lichen symbiosis, mutualistic relationships between lichen-forming fungi and algae and/or cyanobacteria produce unique features that make lichens adaptive to wide range of environments. This study revealed the fungal-algal interaction specific to the symbiosis in lichen using Usnea hakonensis as a model system. Results The whole genome of U. hakonensis, the fungal partner, was sequenced by using the culture isolated from a natural lichen thallus. Isolated cultures of the fungal and the algal partners were co-cultured in vitro for three months, and the thalli were successfully resynthesized into visible protrusions. Transcriptomes of resynthesized and natural thalli (symbiotic states) were compared to that of isolated cultures (non-symbiotic state). Sets of fungal and algal genes up-regulated in both symbiotic states were identified as symbiosis-related genes. Conclusion From the predicted functions of these genes, we identified the genetic background of two main features fundamental to the symbiotic lifestyle in lichen. First is an establishment of fungal symbiotic interface: (a) production of a hydrophobic layer that ensheaths fungal and algal cells; and (b) remodeling of cell walls at fungal-algal contact sites. Second is a symbiosis-specific nutrient flow: (a) the algal supply of photosynthetic product to the fungus; and (b) the fungal supply of phosphorous and nitrogen compounds to the alga. Since both features are widespread among lichens, our result may indicate the genetic basis of lichen symbiosis.