bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Distinct Brain‐Gut‐Microbiome Profile Exists for Females with Obesity and Food Addiction
Authors: Dong Tien S. , Mayer Emeran A. , Osadchiy Vadim , Chang Candace , Katzka William , Lagishetty Venu , Gonzalez Kimberly , Kalani Amir , Stains Jean , Jacobs Jonathan P. , Longo Valter D. , Gupta Arpana 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundAlterations in brain‐gut‐microbiome interactions have been implicated as an important factor in obesity. This study aimed to explore the relationship between food addiction (FA) and the brain‐gut‐microbiome axis, using a multi‐omics approach involving microbiome data, metabolomics, and brain imaging.MethodsBrain magnetic resonance imaging was obtained in 105 females. FA was defined by using the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Fecal samples were collected for sequencing and metabolomics. Statistical analysis was done by using multivariate analyses and machine learning algorithms.ResultsOf the females with obesity, 33.3% exhibited FA as compared with 5.3% and 0.0% of females with overweight and normal BMI, respectively (P = 0.0001). Based on a multilevel sparse partial least square discriminant analysis, there was a difference in the gut microbiome of females with FA versus those without. Differential abundance testing showed Bacteroides, Megamonas, Eubacterium, and Akkermansia were statistically associated with FA (q < 0.05). Metabolomics showed that indolepropionic acid was inversely correlated with FA. FA was also correlated with increased connectivity within the brain’s reward network, specifically between the intraparietal sulcus, brain stem, and putamen.ConclusionsThis is the first study to examine FA along the brain‐gut‐microbiome axis and it supports the idea of targeting the brain‐gut‐microbiome axis for the treatment of FA and obesity.
Change in Weight, BMI, and Body Composition in a Population‐Based Intervention Versus Genetic‐Based Intervention: The NOW Trial
Authors: Horne Justine R. , Gilliland Jason A. , O’Connor Colleen P. , Seabrook Jamie A. , Madill Janet 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare changes in body fat percentage (BFP), weight, and BMI between a standard intervention and a nutrigenomics intervention.MethodsThe Nutrigenomics, Overweight/Obesity and Weight Management (NOW) trial is a parallel‐group, pragmatic, randomized controlled clinical trial incorporated into the Group Lifestyle BalanceTM (GLB) Program. Statistical analyses included two‐way ANOVA and split‐plot ANOVA. Inclusion criteria consisted of: BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2, ≥18 years of age, English speaking, willing to undergo genetic testing, having internet access, and not seeing another health care provider for weight‐loss advice outside of the study. Pregnancy and lactation were exclusion criteria. GLB groups were randomly assigned 1 to 1 (N = 140) so that participants received either the standard 12‐month GLB program or a modified 12‐month program (GLB plus nutrigenomics), which included the provision of nutrigenomics information and advice for weight management. The primary outcome was percent change in BFP. Secondary outcomes were change in weight and BMI.ResultsThe GLB plus nutrigenomics group experienced significantly (P < 0.05) greater reductions in percent and absolute BFP at the 3‐month follow‐up and percent BFP at the 6‐month follow‐up compared with the standard GLB group.ConclusionsThe nutrigenomics intervention used in the NOW trial can optimize changes in body composition up to 6 months.
An exact l1 penalty function method for a multitime control optimization problem with data uncertainty
Authors: Jayswal Anurag , Preeti  , Arana‐Jiménez Manuel 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn this article, we study the robust solution set of a multitime first‐order PDE constrained control optimization problem with data uncertainty (MCOPU) and an unconstrained multitime control optimization problem (MCOPU)ρ. We establish the equivalence between a robust optimal solution of (MCOPU) and a robust minimizer of (MCOPU)ρ under the appropriate assumptions. Furthermore, we define the uncertain Lagrange functional for (MCOPU) and show the relationship between the robust solution set of (MCOPU) and (MCOPU)ρ under the convexity hypothesis of uncertain Lagrange functional. Moreover, we present some nontrivial examples to illustrate the established results.
Improving self‐management in adolescents with sickle cell disease
Authors: Crosby Lori E. , Hood Anna , Kidwell Katherine , Nwankwo Cara , Peugh James , Strong Heather , Quinn Charles , Britto Maria T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with significant medical challenges that often worsen in adolescence when caregivers are beginning to transfer responsibility for disease management. Behavioral activation (BA) is an important precedent to improvements in self‐management and ultimately health outcomes; however, few interventions targeting BA have been developed for the SCD population. The goal of the present study was to evaluate a technology‐enhanced self‐management intervention for adolescents and young adults (AYA) with SCD targeting BA domains (ie, disease knowledge, self‐efficacy, motivation, and self‐management skills).Design/methodsParticipants were randomized to one of two study arms. SCThrive participants (N = 26) completed six weekly group sessions, an in‐person booster session, and used a companion app (iManage) to record symptoms, progress on goals, and connect with other group members. Each SCHealthEd participant (N = 27) received six weekly phone calls on SCD‐related and general health education topics. All AYA completed questionnaires assessing BA at baseline and posttreatment.ResultsSeparate mixed ANOVA analyses to assess for the effects of group (SCThrive/SCHealthEd), time (baseline/posttreatment), and group × time interaction indicated that there was a clinically meaningful improvement (8‐point change) in self‐efficacy, with a medium effect size, P = .09, η2 = .06, and there was statistically significant improvement in one self‐management skill (tracking health), P = .001, d = .71, among SCThrive participants.ConclusionsThe results support the potential for a self‐management intervention to improve self‐efficacy in AYA with SCD. Health care providers are encouraged to target BA skills to support self‐management of AYA with SCD.
An agent‐based model of insect resistance management and mitigation for Bt maize: a social science perspective
Authors: Saikai Yuji , Hurley Terrance M , Mitchell Paul D 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDFarmers around the world have used Bt maize for more than two decades, delaying resistance using a high‐dose/refuge strategy. Nevertheless, field‐evolved resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins has been documented. This paper describes a spatially explicit population genetics model of resistance to Bt toxins by the insect Ostrinia nubilalis and an agent‐based model of farmer adoption of Bt maize incorporating social networks. The model was used to evaluate multiple resistance mitigation policies, including combinations of increased refuges for all farms, localized bans on Bt maize where resistance develops, area‐wide sprays of insecticides on fields with resistance and taxes on Bt maize seed for all farms. Evaluation metrics included resistance allele frequency, pest population density, farmer adoption of Bt maize and economic surplus.RESULTSThe most effective mitigation policies for maintaining a low resistance allele frequency were 50% refuge and localized bans. Area‐wide sprays were the most effective for maintaining low pest populations. Based on economic surplus, refuge requirements were the recommended policy for mitigating resistance to high‐dose Bt maize. Social networks further enhanced the benefits of refuges relative to other mitigation policies but accelerated the emergence of resistance.CONCLUSIONThese results support using refuges as the foundation of resistance mitigation for high‐dose Bt maize, just as for resistance management. Other mitigation policies examined were more effective but more costly. Social factors had substantial effects on the recommended management and mitigation of insect resistance, suggesting that agent‐based models can make useful contributions for policy analysis.
Self‐legitimation and sense‐making of Southern European parents' migration to Norway: The role of family aspirations
Authors: Herrero‐Arias Raquel , Hollekim Ragnhild , Haukanes Haldis 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article explores the migration narratives of Southern European parents living in Norway, where family projects emerged as a central theme. Migrant parents told stories not only of disillusionment and sacrifice but also of satisfaction, which they articulated around their aspiration to have a family life after migration. We analysed the informants' storytelling and explored the ways that family aspirations manifested. By articulating their migration experiences through their aspirations to grow their family, the migrant parents claimed a position as subjects in Norwegian discourses on parenting and citizenship and distanced themselves from discourses on labour immigration and immigrant parenting. The article aims to contribute to the scholarship on motivations for post‐2008 intra‐European migration and on narrative legitimation by drawing attention to the way migrants use their family projects as a vehicle for self‐legitimation, for claiming rightful membership to the host society and for justifying this position to themselves and others.
Algal biomass and macroinvertebrate dynamics in intermittent braided rivers: new perspectives from instream pools
Authors: Burgazzi Gemma , Bolpagni Rossano , Laini Alex , Racchetti Erica , Viaroli Pierluigi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPerennial streams and rivers are now largely subjected to fragmentation and lentification processes due to flow reduction, which creates a number of lateral habitats with different degrees of hydrological connectivity. These habitats have environmental conditions and biotic interactions that can be far divergent than those of main channel habitats. However, they remain largely unexplored, especially in temperate regions. We here focused on studying algal dynamics and their interactions with aquatic invertebrates across mesohabitats (i.e., main channel, secondary channel, pools) in streambeds under both normal and low flow conditions. We selected four watercourses in the Po Plain (northern Italy), where we detected the main dynamics and drivers of algal and invertebrate communities by applying mixed effect modelling. A clear algal growth trend was detected in summer, and was similar for all mesohabitats, but with temporal decoupling and doubled values in pools. Mesohabitat and time were central factors in driving benthic algae dynamics that, in turn, negatively affected aquatic invertebrates. Hydrology and algae seemed to have a mutually reinforcing effect on macroinvertebrates by reducing almost all the investigated metrics. By considering future projections on further regime shifts in lotic systems, loss of biodiversity driven by algal blooms could become a major concern, and also for potential cascade impacts on other biotic compartments of river networks.
Investigating underrepresented and first‐generation college students' science and math motivational beliefs: A nationally representative study using latent profile analysis
Authors: Snodgrass Rangel Virginia , Vaval Luronne , Bowers Alex 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the math and science beliefs of underrepresented students, with a focus on first‐generation college (FGC) students. We do so by estimating a typology of high school students based on their mathematics and science beliefs and examining which group(s) students were more likely to be in. We used latent profile analysis and a nationally representative sample of high school students from the High School Longitudinal Study of 2009. We identified four groups, low‐all, medium‐low science/medium‐high math, medium‐high science/medium‐low math, and high‐all. Among these four groups, FGC students were overrepresented among students in the low‐all group, which had negative math and science beliefs and the worst math, science, and STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) outcomes. Our findings have for research on FGC students as well as for practitioners who work with them.
The rationale of using mesenchymal stem cells in patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome: What to expect
Authors: Can Alp , Coskun Hakan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global health crisis with an extremely rapid progress resulting in thousands of patients who may develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. So far, no specific antiviral therapeutic agent has been demonstrated to be effective for COVID-19; therefore, the clinical management is largely supportive and depends on the patients’ immune response leading to a cytokine storm followed by lung edema, dysfunction of air exchange, and ARDS, which could lead to multiorgan failure and death. Given that human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from various tissue sources have revealed successful clinical outcomes in many immunocompromised disorders by inhibiting the overactivation of the immune system and promoting endogenous repair by improving the microenvironment, there is a growing demand for MSC infusions in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS in the ICU. In this review, we have documented the rationale and possible outcomes of compassionate use of MSCs, particularly in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections, toward proving or disproving the efficacy of this approach in the near future. Many centers have registered and approved, and some already started, single-case or phase I/II trials primarily aiming to rescue their critical patients when no other therapeutic approach responds. On the other hand, it is also very important to mention that there is a good deal of concern about clinics offering unproven stem cell treatments for COVID-19. The reviewers and oversight bodies will be looking for a balanced but critical appraisal of current trials.
Ownership competence
Authors: Foss Nicolai J. , Klein Peter G. , Lien Lasse B. , Zellweger Thomas , Zenger Todd 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryOwnership is fundamental to firm strategy, organization, and governance. Standard ownership concepts—mainly derived from agency and incomplete contracting theories—focus on its incentive effects. However, these concepts and theories neglect ownership's role as an instrument to match judgment about resource use and governance with the firm's evolving environment under uncertainty. We develop the concept of ownership competence—the skill with which ownership is used as an instrument to create value—and decompose it into matching competence (whatto own), governance competence (howto own), and timing competence (whento own). We describe how property rights of use, appropriation, and transfer relate to the three ownership competences and show how our theory offers a fresh perspective into the role of ownership for value generation.Managerial SummaryBusiness owners own with different levels of competence, and differences in ownership competence matter for value creation. We argue that ownership competence consists of competence aboutwhatto own (matching competence), competence abouthowto own (governance competence), and competence aboutwhento own (timing competence). We clarify the role played by each of the three competences for value creation. We also show how the importance of ownership competence for value creation alters depending on ownership concentration, life cycle effects, uncertainty of the environment, and the efficiency of resource markets. With our paper, we prepare the ground for a fuller understanding of the strategic role of owners for value creation.
Nanotoxicology: The Need for a Human Touch?
Authors: Miller Mark R. , Poland Craig A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith the ever‐expanding number of manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) under development there is a vital need for nanotoxicology studies that test the potential for MNMs to cause harm to health. An extensive body of work in cell cultures and animal models is vital to understanding the physicochemical characteristics of MNMs and the biological mechanisms that underlie any detrimental actions to cells and organs. In human subjects, exposure monitoring is combined with measurement of selected health parameters in small panel studies, especially in occupational settings. However, the availability of further in vivo human data would greatly assist the risk assessment of MNMs. Here, the potential for controlled inhalation exposures of MNMs in human subjects is discussed. Controlled exposures to carbon, gold, aluminum, and zinc nanoparticles in humans have already set a precedence to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. These studies have provided considerable insight into the potential (or not) of nanoparticles to induce inflammation, alter lung function, affect the vasculature, reach the systemic circulation, and accumulate in other organs. The need for further controlled exposures of MNMs in human volunteers ‐ to establish no‐effect limits, biological mechanisms, and provide vital data for the risk assessment of MNMs ‐ is advocated.
Flexible Photothermal Assemblies with Tunable Gold Patterns for Improved Imaging‐Guided Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Zheng Di , Zhang Kai , Chen Beibei , Zhao Nana , Xu Fu‐Jian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSelf‐assembly of gold nanoparticles demonstrates a promising approach to realize enhanced photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and photothermal therapy (PTT) for accurate diagnosis and efficient cancer therapy. Herein, unique photothermal assemblies with tunable patterns of gold nanoparticles (including arcs, rings, ribbons, and vesicles) on poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) spheres are constructed taking advantage of emulsion‐confined and polymer‐directed self‐assembly strategies. The influencing factors and formation mechanism to produce the assemblies are investigated in details. Both the emulsion structure and migration behaviors of amphiphilic block copolymer tethered gold nanoparticles are found to contribute to the formation of versatile photothermal assemblies. Hyaluronic acid‐modified R‐PLGA‐Au (RPA) exhibits outstanding photothermal performances under NIR laser irradiation, which is induced by strong plasmonic coupling between adjacent gold nanoparticles. It is interesting that secondary assembly of RPA can be triggered by NIR laser irradiation. Prolonged residence time in tumors is achieved after RPA assemblies are fused into superstructures with larger sizes, realizing real‐time monitoring of the therapeutic processes via PAI with enhanced photoacoustic signals. Notably, synergistic effect resulting from PTT‐enhanced chemotherapy is realized to demonstrate high antitumor performance. This work provides a facile strategy to construct flexible photothermal assemblies with favorable properties for imaging‐guided synergistic therapy.
Quasi‐Heteroface Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ren Ningyu , Chen Bingbing , Shi Biao , Wang Pengyang , Xu Qiaojing , Li Yucheng , Li Renjie , Cui Xinghua , Hou Fuhua , Li Tiantian , Huang Qian , Li Yuelong , Ding Yi , Hou Guofu , Chen Xinliang , Zhu Chengjun , Zhao Ying , Hagfeldt Anders , Zhang Xiaodan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted unprecedented attention due to their rapidly rising photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE). In order to further improve the PCE of PSCs, new possible optimization path needs to be found. Here, quasi‐heteroface PSCs (QHF‐PSCs) is designed by a double‐layer perovskite film. Such brand new PSCs have good carrier separation capabilities, effectively suppress the nonradiative recombination of the PSCs, and thus greatly improve the open‐circuit voltage and PCE. The root cause of the performance improvement is the benefit from the additional built‐in electric field, which is confirmed by measuring the external quantum efficiency under applied electric field and Kelvin probe force microscope. Meanwhile, an intermediate band gap perovskite layer can be obtained simply by combining a wide band gap perovskite layer with a narrow band gap perovskite layer. Tunability of the band gap is obtained by varying the film thicknesses of the narrow and wide band gap layers. This phenomenon is quite different from traditional inorganic solar cells, whose band gap is determined only by the narrowest band gap layer. It is believed that these QHF‐PSCs will be an effective strategy to further enhance PCE in PSCs and provide basis to further understand and develop the perovskite materials platform.
Inulooligosaccharides in Atractylodis lanceae rhizoma and Atractylodis rhizoma of hochuekkito formula are essential for regulation of the pulmonary immune system of immuno‐compromised mice
Authors: Idehara Mayu , Tanaka Yosuke , Hosaka Haruna , Saso Kayako , Ideno Satoshi , Nakamura Yuki , Sekiya Michiko , Nagai Takayuki , Kiyohara Hiroaki 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTAimHochuekkito formula includes four kinds of prescriptions in Japan. It is not known whether all the formulas express the same stimulating effect on the mucosal immune systems of the upper and lower respiratory tracts.MethodsBy using influenza virus‐sensitized BALB/c mice, which are immuno‐compromised with cyclophosphamide, effects of administration of decocted extracts of four kinds of hochuekkito formulas were compared on anti‐influenza antibody titers in nasal cavity and bronchoalveolar fluids. The contribution of inulooligosaccharides to immuno‐modualting effects on T lymphocyes in Peyer's patches and pulmonary immune responses in poly(I:C)‐induced pneumonia mice was also analyzed.ResultsHochuekkito formulas with either Atractylodis lanceae rhizoma (ALR‐hochuekkito) or Atractylodis rhizoma (AtR‐hochuekkito) stimulated anti‐influenza virus‐specific antibody titers in the nasal cavity; however, ALR‐hochuekkito stimulated the production of the antibody titer in lung but AtR‐hochuekkito did not. Longer‐size inulooligosaccharides in ALR‐hochuekkito induced more IFN‐γ‐producing T lymphocytes in Peyer's patches whereas the intermediate‐size inulooligosaccharides in AtR‐hochuekkito induced more IL‐10‐producing T lymphocytes. Oral administration of the intermediate‐size inulooligosaccharides reduced pulmonary inflammation in poly(I:C)‐inoculated mice but not the longer‐size inulooligosaccharides.ConclusionsAll the hochuekkito formulas stimulate the mucosal immune system in upper respiratory tracts whereas the formula with Atractylodis lanceae rhizoma up‐regulates the pulmonary immune system, and inulooligosaccharides from Atractylodis lanceae rhizoma and Atractylodis rhizoma play a crucial role in regulating the pulmonary immune system with the hochuekkito formula.