bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a Commonly Shared Public Policy Perspective for Analyzing Risk Coping Strategies
Authors: Li Yanwei , Taeihagh Araz , de Jong Martin , Klinke Andreas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe concept of risk has received scholarly attention from a variety of angles in the social, technical, and natural sciences. However, public policy scholars have not yet generated a comprehensive overview, shared understanding and conceptual framework of the main problem‐solving approaches applied by governments in coping with risks. In this regard, our main aim is to examine existing perspectives on prevailing risk coping strategies, find a common denominator among them and contribute to current policy and risk science literature through providing a conceptual framework that systematically spans the spectrum of risk coping strategies and incorporates the essence of the most relevant insights. To this end, we first examine the concept of risk in‐depth by exploring various definitions and types of risk. We then review different approaches proposed by different strands of research for addressing risk. Finally, we assess current knowledge and develop an amalgamated perspective for examining how risks can be addressed by classifying them into six general types of response (no response; prevention; control; precaution; toleration; and adaptation) as well as indicators to identify these responses. We argue that these strategies can function as a heuristic tool for decisionmakers in designing appropriate policies to cope with risks in decision‐making processes.
Bone Mineral Density and Muscle Mass in Masters Olympic Weightlifters and Runners
Authors: Erickson Kayleigh R. , Grosicki Gregory J. , Mercado Mara , Riemann Bryan L. 
Published: May 2020

The authors examined the musculoskeletal implications of delayed exercise adoption in two distinct cohorts of masters athletes with ∼10 years of training experience: Olympic weightlifters (OWLs) and distance runners (RUNs). Total body and regional bone mineral density (BMD), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived lean mass were compared in 51 OWLs and 43 RUNs. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted on BMD and lean mass with the exercise group (i.e., OWLs vs. RUNs), age, sex, and years of experience as independent variables. Age was associated (p < .05) with less femoral (β = −0.25) and lumbar (β = −0.27) BMD. Total body (β = 0.23), lumbar (β = 0.25), and radial (β = 0.36) BMD were greater (p < .05) in OWLs versus RUNs. Lean mass was greater in OWLs versus RUNs (β = 0.29, p < .01), but did not relate to total body BMD (r = .15; p = .08). Greater total and regional BMD and lean mass in OWLs compared with RUNs may reduce risk for developing osteoporosis and/or sarcopenia and associated downstream health outcomes.
Late Ordovician mass extinction caused by volcanism, warming, and anoxia, not cooling and glaciation
Authors: Bond David P.G. , Grasby Stephen E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The Ordovician saw major diversification in marine life abruptly terminated by the Late Ordovician mass extinction (LOME). Around 85% of species were eliminated in two pulses 1 m.y. apart. The first pulse, in the basal Hirnantian, has been linked to cooling and Gondwanan glaciation. The second pulse, later in the Hirnantian, is attributed to warming and anoxia. Previously reported mercury (Hg) spikes in Nevada (USA), South China, and Poland implicate an unknown large igneous province (LIP) in the crisis, but the timing of Hg loading has led to different interpretations of the LIP-extinction scenario in which volcanism causes cooling, warming, or both. We report close correspondence between Hg, Mo, and U anomalies, declines in enrichment factors of productivity proxies, and the two LOME pulses at the Ordovician-Silurian boundary stratotype (Dob’s Linn, Scotland). These support an extinction scenario in which volcanogenic greenhouse gases caused warming around the Katian-Hirnantian boundary that led to expansion of a preexisting deepwater oxygen minimum zone, productivity collapse, and the first LOME pulse. Renewed volcanism in the Hirnantian stimulated further warming and anoxia and the second LOME pulse. Rather than being the odd-one-out of the “Big Five” extinctions with origins in cooling, the LOME is similar to the others in being caused by volcanism, warming, and anoxia.
Proinsulin to insulin ratio is associated with incident type 2 diabetes but not with vascular complications in the KORA F4/FF4 study
Authors: Then Cornelia , Gar Christina , Thorand Barbara , Huth Cornelia , Then Holger , Meisinger Christa , Heier Margit , Peters Annette , Koenig Wolfgang , Rathmann Wolfgang , Lechner Andreas , Seissler Jochen 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionWe investigated the association of the proinsulin to insulin ratio (PIR) with prevalent and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), components of the metabolic syndrome, and renal and cardiovascular outcomes in the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 study (2006–2008)/FF4 study (2013–2014).Research design and methodsThe analyses included 1514 participants of the KORA F4 study at baseline and 1132 participants of the KORA FF4 study after a median follow-up time of 6.6 years. All-cause and cardiovascular mortality as well as cardiovascular events were analyzed after a median time of 9.1 and 8.6 years, respectively. The association of PIR with T2D, renal and cardiovascular characteristics and mortality were assessed using logistic regression models. Linear regression analyses were used to assess the association of PIR with components of the metabolic syndrome.ResultsAfter adjustment for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity, PIR was associated with prevalent (OR: 2.24; 95% CI 1.81 to 2.77; p<0.001) and incident T2D (OR: 1.66; 95% CI 1.26 to 2.17; p<0.001). PIR was associated with fasting glucose (β per SD: 0.11±0.02; p<0.001) and HbA1c (β: 0.21±0.02; p<0.001). However, PIR was not positively associated with other components of the metabolic syndrome and was even inversely associated with waist circumference (β: −0.22±0.03; p<0.001), BMI (β: −0.11±0.03; p<0.001) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (β: −0.22±0.02; p<0.001). PIR was not significantly associated with the intima-media thickness (IMT), decline of kidney function, incident albuminuria, myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular or all-cause mortality.ConclusionsIn the KORA F4/FF4 cohort, PIR was positively associated with prevalent and incident T2D, but inversely associated with waist circumference, BMI and insulin resistance, suggesting that PIR might serve as a biomarker for T2D risk independently of the metabolic syndrome, but not for microvascular or macrovascular complications.
Patient-reported outcomes in paediatric cancer survivorship: a qualitative study to elicit the content from cancer survivors and caregivers
Authors: Pierzynski Jeanne A , Clegg Jennifer L , Sim Jin-ah , Forrest Christopher B , Robison Leslie L , Hudson Melissa M , Baker Justin N , Huang I-Chan 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesContent elucidation for patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in paediatric cancer survivorship is understudied. We aimed to compare differences in the contents of five PRO domains that are important to paediatric cancer survivorship through semistructured interviews with paediatric cancer survivors and caregivers, and identified new concepts that were not covered in the item banks of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS).DesignSemistructured interviews to collect qualitative PRO data from survivors and caregivers.SettingA survivorship care clinic of a comprehensive cancer centre in the USA.ParticipantsThe study included 51 survivors (<18 years old) and 35 caregivers who completed interviews between August and December 2016. Content experts coded the transcribed interviews into ‘meaningful concepts’ per PROMIS item concepts and identified new concepts per a consensus. Frequencies of meaningful concepts used by survivors and caregivers were compared by Wilcoxon rank-sum test.ResultsFor pain and meaning and purpose, ‘Hurt a lot’ and ‘Purpose in life’ were top concepts for survivors and caregivers, respectively. For fatigue and psychological stress, ‘Needed to sleep during the day’/‘Trouble doing schoolwork’ and ‘Felt worried’ were top concepts for survivors, and ‘Felt tired’ and ‘Felt distress’/‘Felt stressed’ for caregivers. Survivors reported more physically relevant contents (eg, ‘Hard to do sport/exercise’; 0.78 vs 0.23, p=0.007) for pain, fatigue and stress, whereas caregivers used more emotionally relevant concepts (eg, ‘Too tired to enjoy things I like to do’; 0.31 vs 0.05, p=0.025). Both groups reported positive thoughts for meaning and purpose (eg, ‘Have goals for myself’). One (psychological stress, meaning and purpose) to eleven (fatigue) new concepts were generated.ConclusionsImportant PRO contents in the form of meaningful concepts raised by survivors and caregivers were different and new concepts emerged. PRO measures are warranted to include survivorship-specific items by accounting for the child’s and the caregiver’s viewpoints.
Psychometric properties of self-reported financial toxicity measures in cancer survivors: a systematic review protocol using COSMIN methodology
Authors: Zhu Zheng , Xing Weijie , Lizarondo Lucylynn , Peng Jian , Hu Yan , So Winnie KW 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionDue to the higher costs associated with advancements in cancer treatment and longer duration of cancer survivorship, increasing financial toxicity has become a great threat to survivors, caregivers and public healthcare systems. Since accurate and reproducible measures are prerequisites for robust results, choosing an acceptable measure with strong psychometric properties to assess financial toxicity is essential. However, a description of the psychometric properties of existing measures is still lacking. The aim of this study is to apply COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology to systematically review the content and structural validity of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of financial toxicity for cancer survivors.Methods and analysisPubMed/Medline, Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and Cochrane Library (Wiley) will be comprehensively searched from database inception to 15 November 2019. Studies that report the measurement properties of PROMs assessing financial toxicity for cancer survivors will be included. The evaluation of measurement properties, data extraction and data synthesis will be conducted according to the COSMIN methodology.Ethics and disseminationNo individual data are involved in this systematic review. The results will be disseminated to a clinical audience and policy-makers though peer-reviewed journals and conferences and will support researchers in choosing the best measure to evaluate the financial toxicity of cancer survivors.
Internet-based cognitive–behavioural therapy for prevention of depression during pregnancy and in the post partum (iPDP): a protocol for a large-scale randomised controlled trial
Authors: Nishi Daisuke , Imamura Kotaro , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Obikane Erika , Sasaki Natsu , Yasuma Naonori , Sekiya Yuki , Matsuyama Yutaka , Kawakami Norito 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionThe objective of this randomised controlled trial (RCT) is to examine the effects of smartphone-based cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) in preventing the onset of major depressive episodes (MDE) among pregnant women.Methods and analysisThe target study population will be pregnant women of 16–20 weeks gestation who are currently users of ‘Luna Luna Baby’, the most widely used app for pregnant women in Japan. Those who meet the eligibility criteria will be randomly allocated to the 6-module internet CBT programme that was newly developed for pregnant women (n=2500), or to a treatment-as-usual control group (n=2500). Participants in the intervention groups will be required to complete the programme by 32 weeks gestation. The primary outcomes are the number of new onsets of MDE, measured by using WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0 at 32 weeks gestation and 3 months post partum. Survival analysis will be conducted to test for the effectiveness of the intervention on the time to the onset of MDE.Ethics and disseminationThe study plan has been approved by the Research Ethics Review Board of the Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, the University of Tokyo (2019150NI). If the intervention programmes are found to produce a significant positive effect in this RCT, these programmes can be made available for all users of the app in the future.Trial registration numberUMIN000038190; Pre-results.
Guidance on the introduction and use of video consultations during COVID-19: important lessons from qualitative research
Authors: Wherton Joseph , Shaw Sara , Papoutsi Chrysanthi , Seuren Lucas , Greenhalgh Trisha 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundFollowing several years of qualitative research, we have developed evidence-based guidance on setting up and conducting remote video consultations. Drawing on emerging evidence, we have also adapted the guidance to ensure accessibility and relevance for those using video calling during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.FindingsThis article describes the research underpinning this guidance material, with a focus on three key areas: (1) IT infrastructure, (2) organisational routines and workflows, and (3) interactional work of a video consultation. Our research highlights that such change is not merely about installing and using new technology. It involves introducing and sustaining major changes to a complex system with multiple interacting components.ConclusionIf remote video consultations are to be adopted at scale, implementation will need to follow a socio-technical approach, continually adjusting the technology and work processes to become better aligned.
Increased contrast enhancement of the parent vessel of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in 7T MR imaging
Authors: Samaniego Edgar A , Roa Jorge A , Zhang Honghai , Koscik Timothy R , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago , Bathla Girish , Sonka Milan , Derdeyn Colin , Magnotta Vincent A , Hasan David 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundInflammation of the arterial wall may lead to aneurysm formation. The presence of aneurysm enhancement on high-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI) is a marker of wall inflammation and instability. We aim to determine if there is any association between increased contrast enhancement in the aneurysmal wall and its parent artery.MethodsPatients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) prospectively underwent 7T HR-VWI. Regions of interest were selected manually and with a semi-automated protocol based on gradient algorithms of intensity patterns. Mean signal intensities in pre- and post-contrast T1-weighted sequences were adjusted to the enhancement of the pituitary stalk and then subtracted to objectively determine: circumferential aneurysmal wall enhancement (CAWE); parent vessel enhancement (PVE); and reference vessel enhancement (RVE). PVE was assessed over regions located 3- and 5 mm from the aneurysm’s neck. RVE was assessed in arteries located in a different vascular territory.ResultsTwenty-five UIAs were analyzed. There was a significant moderate correlation between CAWE and 5 mm PVE (Pearson R=0.52, P=0.008), whereas no correlation was found between CAWE and RVE (Pearson R=0.20, P=0.33). A stronger correlation was found between CAWE and 3 mm PVE (Pearson R=0.78, P<0.001). Intra-class correlation analysis demonstrated good reliability between measurements obtained using semi-automated and manual segmentation (ICC coefficient=0.790, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.90).ConclusionParent arteries exhibit higher contrast enhancement in regions closer to the aneurysm’s neck, especially in aneurysms≥7 mm. A localized inflammatory/vasculopathic process in the wall of the parent artery may lead to aneurysm formation and growth.
Energy dependence of the inelasticity in $$pp/p{\overline{p}}$$ collisions from experimental information on charged particle multiplicity distributions
Authors: Beggio P. C. , Coriolano F. R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe dependence of the inelasticity in terms of the center of mass energy is studied in the eikonal formalism, which provides connection between elastic and inelastic channels. Due to the absence of inelasticity experimental datasets, the present analysis is based on experimental information available on the full phase space multiplicity distribution covering a large range of energy, namely 30 < $$\sqrt{s}$$s$$\le $$≤ 1800 GeV. Our results indicate that the decrease of inelasticity is consequence of minijets production from semihard interactions arising from the scattering of gluons carrying only a very small fractions of the momenta from their parent protons. Alternative methods of estimating the inelasticity are discussed and predictions to the LHC energies are presented.
Pole analysis on the hadron spectroscopy of $$\Lambda _b\rightarrow J/\Psi p K^-$$
Authors: Kuang Shi-Qing , Dai Ling-Yun , Kang Xian-Wei , Yao De-Liang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper we study the $$J/\Psi p$$J/Ψp spectroscopy in the process of $$\Lambda _b\rightarrow J/\Psi p K^-$$Λb→J/ΨpK-. The final state interactions of coupled channel $$J/\Psi p$$J/Ψp–$$\bar{D} \Sigma _c$$D¯Σc–$$\bar{D}^{*} \Sigma _c$$D¯∗Σc are constructed based on K-matrix with the Chew–Mandelstam function. We build the $$\Lambda _b\rightarrow J/\Psi p K^-$$Λb→J/ΨpK- amplitude according to the Au–Morgan–Pennington method. The event shape is fitted and the decay width of $$\Lambda _b\rightarrow J/\Psi p K^-$$Λb→J/ΨpK- is used to constrain the parameters, too. With the amplitudes we extract out the poles and their residues. Our amplitude and pole analysis suggest that the $$P_c(4312)$$Pc(4312) should be $$\bar{D}\Sigma _c$$D¯Σc molecule, the $$P_c(4440)$$Pc(4440) could be an S-wave compact pentaquark state, and the structure around $$P_c(4457)$$Pc(4457) is caused by the cusp effect. The future experimental measurement of the decays of $$\Lambda _b\rightarrow \bar{D}\Sigma _c K^-$$Λb→D¯ΣcK- and $$\Lambda _b\rightarrow \bar{D}^*\Sigma _c K^-$$Λb→D¯∗ΣcK- would further help to study the nature of these resonances.
Fluctuation–dissipation relation from anomalous stress tensor and Hawking effect
Authors: Banerjee Rabin , Majhi Bibhas Ranjan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe show a direct connection between Kubo’s fluctuation–dissipation relation and Hawking effect that is valid in any dimensions for any stationary or static black hole. The relevant correlators corresponding to the fluctuating part of the force, computed from the known expressions for the anomalous stress tensor related to gravitational anomalies, are shown to satisfy the Kubo relation, from which the temperature of a black hole as seen by an observer at an arbitrary distance is abstracted. This reproduces the Tolman temperature and hence the Hawking temperature as that measured by an observer at infinity.
ДИНАМІКА ІНТЕРЛЕЙКІНІВ У ХВОРИХ НА ЛАЙМ-БОРЕЛІОЗ
Authors: Shkilna M. I. , Andreychyn M. A. , Ivakhiv O. L. , Iosyk I. I. , Zavidniuk N. H. , Tvorko M. S. , Korda M. M. , Klishch I. M. 
Published: May 2020

Вступ. Лайм-бореліоз (ЛБ) – трансмісивний природно-осередковий бактеріоз, спричинений патогенними бореліями, передається кліщами роду Ixodes, характеризується поліморфізмом клінічної симптоматики. Фактори вірулентності В. burgdorferi – поверхневі Osp-білки активують макрофаги, дендритні клітини, Т- і В-лімфоцити, що виділяють такі особливі речовини білкової природи, як цитокіни. Останні виконують медіаторну функцію, передаючи сигнали між клітинами, що взаємодіють. Вивчення динаміки активності прозапальних і протизапальних цитокінів дозволяє з’ясувати нові ланки імунопатогенезу борелійної інфекції.
Мета дослідження – з’ясувати динаміку прозапальних цитокінів ІЛ-1β, ФНП-α, ІЛ-6 і протизапального ІЛ-10 у сироватці крові пацієнтів з еритемною формою Лайм-бореліозу залежно від перебігу хвороби.
Методи дослідження. Спостерігали 83 особи віком від 18 до 70 років з еритемною формою Лайм-бореліозу. Чоловіків було 35 (42,2 %), жінок – 48 (57,8 %). Середній вік обстежених становив (42,65±13,91) року. Пацієнтів поділили на три групи: 1-шу становили 38 (45,7 %) осіб з гострим перебігом ЛБ (до 3-х місяців); 2-гу – 32 (38,6 %) пацієнти з підгострим перебігом (від 3-х до 6-ти місяців); 3-тю – 13 (15,7 %) хворих із хронічним перебігом недуги (понад 6 місяців). Антитіла до B. burgdorferi s. l. Ig M та/або Ig G визначали методом ІФА, рівень цитокінів (ФНП-α, ІЛ-1β, ІЛ-6 та ІЛ-10) у сироватці крові пацієнтів – методом ІФА із застосуванням тест-систем виробництва ЗАТ “Вектор-Бест”.
Результати й обговорення. При гострому перебігу ЛБ у сироватці крові хворих зростав вміст прозапальних ІЛ-1β, ФНП-α та ІЛ-6 порівняно з контрольною групою (р˂0,005), збільшувався вміст протизапального ІЛ-10 щодо рівня у здорових осіб (р˂0,005). При підгострому перебігу ЛБ вміст прозапального ІЛ-1β не змінювався, а концентрація ФНП-α була вищою, ніж при гострому перебігу недуги (р<0,05), і в контрольній групі (р<0,005). Рівень протизапального ІЛ-10 у цих осіб був нижчим, ніж у пацієнтів з гострим перебігом ЛБ (р>0,05), проте значно вищим за показник у здорових людей (р<0,005). В осіб, в яких кільцеподібна мігруюча еритема визначалася через 6 місяців і більше, вміст ІЛ-1β не зростав, рівень ФНП-α був дещо вищим, ніж у пацієнтів з гострим перебігом недуги (р>0,05), а концентрація ІЛ-6 виявилась значно вищою щодо осіб з підгострим перебігом недуги, суттєво не відрізняючись від показника у хворих з гострим ЛБ.
Висновки. Кожний п’ятий пацієнт з кільцеподібною мігруючою еритемою не зміг вказати на укус кліща. Збільшений рівень ІЛ-10 у сироватці крові пацієнтів з ЛБ на тлі високого вмісту прозапальних цитокінів може свідчити про відсутність передумов для переходу інфекційного процесу в стадію обмеження запалення даної інфекції і бути, ймовірно, показанням до негайного призначення етіотропного лікування або заміни одного антибіотика іншим.
АКТИВНІСТЬ КАТЕПСИНІВ В, L, Н У ПЛАЗМІ КРОВІ ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ХРОНІЧНИМИ ДИФУЗНИМИ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯМИ ПЕЧІНКИ
Authors: Dolgikh H. V. , Maslak H. S. , Didenko V. I. , Klenina I. A. , Abraimova O. E. 
Published: May 2020

Вступ. Для діагностики гістологічних стадій хронічних дифузних захворювань печінки поряд із трепанобіопсією широко використовують плазмові маркери.
Мета дослідження – визначити активність цистеїнових катепсинів В, L, H і вміст інгібіторів протеолізу α1-антитрипсину та α2-макроглобуліну в плазмі крові пацієнтів із хронічними дифузними захворюваннями печінки невірусної етіології.
Методи дослідження. Об’єкт дослідження – плазма крові пацієнтів із хронічними дифузними захворюваннями печінки (n=51) віком 28–60 років, які перебували на стаціонарному лікуванні у відділенні захворювань печінки та підшлункової залози Інституту гастроентерології НАМН України. Контрольну групу становили здорові волонтери (n=15) віком від 25 до 52 років. Активність катепсинів В, L, Н визначали відносно N-α-бензоїл-DL-аргінін-4-нітроанілід гідрохлориду, азоказеїну, окситоцину відповідно. Для визначення вмісту інгібіторів у плазмі крові як субстрат використовували розчин N-α-бензоїл-DL-аргінін-4-нітроанілід гідрохлориду.
Результати й обговорення. Порівняно з групою практично здорових донорів статистично значущі відмінності зафіксовано в таких групах: у пацієнтів із стеатогепатитом активність катепсину В зростала на 26,7 %, а рівень α2-макроглобуліну знижувався на 30,7 %; у хворих на хронічний вірусний гепатит з переходом у цироз активність катепсину В підвищувалась на 43,8 %, активність катепсину H зменшувалась на 35,0 %, а вміст α2-макроглобуліну, навпаки, збільшувався на 71,5 %; у пацієнтів із стеатогепатозом активність катепсинів L та H знижувалась на 22,1 і 25,0 % відповідно, а концентрація α1-антитрипсину зростала на 19,30 %.
Висновок. Визначення рівня інгібіторів разом з активністю цистеїнових катепсинів у плазмі крові можна запропонувати як неінвазивні маркери при хронічних дифузних захворюваннях печінки невірусної етіології.