bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic kidney disease in adults aged 18 years and older in Chile: findings from the cross-sectional Chilean National Health Surveys 2009–2010 and 2016–2017
Authors: Walbaum Magdalena , Scholes Shaun , Pizzo Elena , Paccot Melanie , Mindell Jennifer S 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesThis study estimates the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among Chilean adults and examines its associations with sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviours and comorbidities.DesignAnalysis of cross-sectional data from the two most recent large nationally representative Chilean Health Surveys (Encuesta Nacional de Salud, ENS) 2009–2010 and 2016–2017.ParticipantsAdults aged 18+ years with serum creatine data (ENS 2009–2010: n=4583; ENS 2016–2017: n=5084).Primary and secondary outcome measuresReduced kidney function (CKD stages 3a–5) based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) was the primary outcome measure. Using the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR ≥30 mg/g), increased albuminuria was ascertained among adults aged 40+ years with diabetes and/or hypertension. Both outcomes were analysed using logistic regression with results summarised using OR. CKD prevalence (stages 1–5) among adults aged 40+ years was estimated including participants with an eGFR of >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 but with increased albuminuria (stages 1–2).ResultsOverall, 3.2% (95% CI: 2.4% to 3.8%) of adults aged 18+ in ENS 2016–2017 had reduced kidney function. After full adjustment, participants with hypertension (OR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.19 to 4.74) and those with diabetes (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.03 to 2.66) had significantly higher odds of reduced kidney function. In ENS 2016–2017, 15.5% (13.5% to 17.8%) of adults aged 40+ years with diabetes and/or hypertension had increased albuminuria. Being obese versus normal-weight (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.08 to 2.54) and having both diabetes and hypertension versus having diabetes alone (OR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.34 to 3.95) were significantly associated with higher odds of increased albuminuria in fully-adjusted analyses. At least 15.4% of adults aged 40+ years in ENS 2016–2017 had CKD (stages 1–5), including the 9.6% of adults at CKD stages 1–2.ConclusionsPrevention strategies and Chilean guidelines should consider the high percentage of adults aged 40 years and older at CKD stages 1–2.
Recipient and instructor perspectives of an adapted exercise-based fall prevention programme for adults aged 50+ years with vision impairment: a qualitative study nested within a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Dillon Lisa , Clemson Lindy , Nguyen Helen , Jakobsen Kirsten Bonrud , Martin Jodi , Tinsley Frances , Keay Lisa 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveOlder adults with vision impairment currently have no access to tailored fall prevention programmes. Therefore, the purpose of this study, nested within an ongoing randomised controlled trial (RCT), is to document the adaptation of an existing fall prevention programme and investigate the perspectives of instructors involved in delivery and the older adults with vision impairment receiving the programme (recipients).DesignWe documented programme adaptations and training requirements, and conducted semistructured, individual interviews with both the instructors and the recipients of the programme from 2017 to 2019. The content of each interview was analysed using behaviour change theory through deductive qualitative analysis.SettingNew South Wales and Australian Capital Territory, Australia.ParticipantsThe 11 trained instructors interviewed were employees of a vision rehabilitation organisation and had delivered at least one programme session as part of the RCT. The 154 recipients interviewed were community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years with vision impairment and no diagnosis of dementia, and had completed their participation in the programme as part of the intervention group of the RCT.ResultsSix key themes were identified relating to recipient (delivery aptitude, social norms, habit formation) and instructor (individualised adaptation, complimentary to scope of practice, challenges to delivery) perspectives. With initial training, instructors required minimal ongoing support to deliver the programme and made dynamic adaptations to suit the individual circumstances of each recipient, but cited challenges delivering the number of programme activities required. Recipient perspectives varied; however, most appreciated the delivery of the programme by instructors who understood the impact of vision impairment.Conclusions and implicationsThis novel qualitative study demonstrates that the adapted programme, delivered by instructors, who already have expertise delivering individualised programmes to older people with vision impairment, may fill the gap for a fall prevention programme in this population.Trial registration numberACTRN12616001186448.
Sarcoidosis and silica dust exposure among men in Sweden: a case–control study
Authors: Graff Pål , Larsson Johanna , Bryngelsson Ing-Liss , Wiebert Pernilla , Vihlborg Per 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo determine whether occupational exposure to silica dust is associated with an increased risk of developing sarcoidosis.DesignCase–control study of all individuals between 20 and 65 years of age diagnosed with sarcoidosis (D86) in Sweden between 2007 and 2016. Controls were matched to cases (2:1) based on age, sex and county at the time of diagnosis. A Job Exposure Matrix was used to estimate the occupational silica exposure of all cases and controls.SettingMedical and occupational data from the National Outpatient Register were used to implement a case–control analysis, while the two controls used for each case were selected from the National Register of the Total Population. Information about occupation and time of employment were collected from the Swedish Occupational Register.ParticipantsAll men and women aged 20–65 years old who were diagnosed sarcoidosis (D86) from 2007 to 2016 were included and assigned two controls.Main outcomesSilica dust exposure correlates with an increased risk of developing sarcoidosis in men.ResultsThe prevalence of silica exposure at work was statistically significantly higher among male cases than controls (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.43). For men of an age of 35 years or younger the correlation seems to be stronger (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.87) than in older men (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.39). For men older than 35 with exposure to silica the prevalence of sarcoidosis increased with the exposure time, with an OR of 1.44 (95% CI 1.04 to 2.00) for exposure of more than 10 years.ConclusionsOccupational exposure to silica dust seems to increase the risk of sarcoidosis among men between 20 and 65 years of age. The risk is higher among exposed men 35 years or younger and older men with longer exposure (>6 years).
Do sex differences in the prevalence of ECG abnormalities vary across ethnic groups living in the Netherlands? A cross-sectional analysis of the population-based HELIUS study
Authors: Bolijn Renee , ter Haar C Cato , Harskamp Ralf E , Tan Hanno L , Kors Jan A , Postema Pieter G , Snijder Marieke B , Peters Ron J G , Kunst Anton E , van Valkengoed Irene G M 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesMajor ECG abnormalities have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden in asymptomatic populations. However, sex differences in occurrence of major ECG abnormalities have been poorly studied, particularly across ethnic groups. The objectives were to investigate (1) sex differences in the prevalence of major and, as a secondary outcome, minor ECG abnormalities, (2) whether patterns of sex differences varied across ethnic groups, by age and (3) to what extent conventional cardiovascular risk factors contributed to observed sex differences.DesignCross-sectional analysis of population-based study.SettingMulti-ethnic, population-based Healthy Life in an Urban Setting cohort, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.Participants8089 men and 11 369 women of Dutch, South-Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, Ghanaian, Turkish and Moroccan origin aged 18–70 years without CVD.Outcome measuresAge-adjusted and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to study sex differences in prevalence of major and, as secondary outcome, minor ECG abnormalities in the overall population, across ethnic groups and by age-groups (18–35, 36–50 and >50 years).ResultsMajor and minor ECG abnormalities were less prevalent in women than men (4.6% vs 6.6% and 23.8% vs 39.8%, respectively). After adjustment for conventional risk factors, sex differences in major abnormalities were smaller in ethnic minority groups (OR ranged from 0.61 in Moroccans to 1.32 in South-Asian Surinamese) than in the Dutch (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.65). Only in South-Asian Surinamese, women did not have a lower odds than men (OR 1.32; 95% CI 0.96 to 1.84). The pattern of smaller sex differences in ethnic minority groups was more pronounced in older than in younger age-groups.ConclusionsThe prevalence of major ECG abnormalities was lower in women than men. However, sex differences were less apparent in ethnic minority groups. Conventional risk factors did not contribute substantially to observed sex differences.
Development and validation of a model to predict survival in colorectal cancer using a gradient-boosted machine
Authors: Bibault Jean-Emmanuel , Chang Daniel T , Xing Lei 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThe success of treatment planning relies critically on our ability to predict the potential benefit of a therapy. In colorectal cancer (CRC), several nomograms are available to predict different outcomes based on the use of tumour specific features. Our objective is to provide an accurate and explainable prediction of the risk to die within 10 years after CRC diagnosis, by incorporating the tumour features and the patient medical and demographic information.DesignIn the prostate, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer screening (PLCO) Trial, participants (n=154 900) were randomised to screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy, with a repeat screening at 3 or 5 years, or to usual care. We selected patients who were diagnosed with CRC during the follow-up to train a gradient-boosted model to predict the risk to die within 10 years after CRC diagnosis. Using Shapley values, we determined the 20 most relevant features and provided explanation to prediction.ResultsDuring the follow-up, 2359 patients were diagnosed with CRC. Median follow-up was 16.8 years (14.4–18.9) for mortality. In total, 686 patients (29%) died from CRC during the follow-up. The dataset was randomly split into a training (n=1887) and a testing (n=472) dataset. The area under the receiver operating characteristic was 0.84 (±0.04) and accuracy was 0.83 (±0.04) with a 0.5 classification threshold. The model is available online for research use.ConclusionsWe trained and validated a model with prospective data from a large multicentre cohort of patients. The model has high predictive performances at the individual scale. It could be used to discuss treatment strategies.
Review and recommendations for structural testing of buried gravity storm drain pipes and culverts
Authors: Darabnoush Tehrani Amin , Kohankar Kouchesfehani Zahra , Najafi Mohammad 
Published: September 2020

Buried pipes are important components of the underground infrastructure. Structural failure of these pipes is costly, socially and environmentally disruptive. To prevent such incidents, a deep understanding of the soil–pipe interaction system behavior is needed. Currently, two common standard methods are available for the structural testing of pipes: parallel-plate loading test and three-edge bearing test, in which the effects of surrounding soil and distributed load on the pipe sample are ignored. However, in the available design methodologies the effect of bedding and load distribution is considered though empirical factors. As of today, there is no standard test method available for structural testing of pipes considering the effect of soil–pipe interaction system. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to present a literature review of full-scale structural testing methods of relatively large diameter gravity pipes ranging from 36 in (90 cm) and larger, and suggest a general soil–pipe test procedure for structural evaluation of large diameter gravity pipes, such as culverts. Discussions are made for selection of a soil–pipe structural testing condition, loading method, loading rate, loading configurations, and required instrumentations for capturing and recording test results.
The non-minimal coupling constant and the primordial de Sitter state
Authors: Hrycyna Orest 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDynamical systems methods are used to investigate dynamics of a flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker cosmological model with the non-minimally coupled scalar field and a potential function. Performed analysis distinguishes the value of non-minimal coupling constant parameter $$\xi =\frac{3}{16}$$

ξ
=

3
16

, which is the conformal coupling in five dimensional theory of gravity. It is shown that for a monomial potential functions at infinite values of the scalar field there exist generic de Sitter and Einstein–de Sitter states. The de Sitter state is unstable with respect to expansion of the Universe for potential functions which do not change faster than linearly. This leads to a generic cosmological evolution without the initial singularity.
The order analysis for the two loop corrections to lepton MDM
Authors: Zhao Shu-Min , Dong Xing-Xing , Su Lu-Hao , Zhang Hai-Bin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe experimental data of the magnetic dipole moment(MDM) of lepton(e, $$\mu $$
μ
) is very exact. The deviation between the experimental data and the standard model prediction maybe come from new physics contribution. In the supersymmetric models, there are very many two loop diagrams contributing to the lepton MDM. In supersymmetric models, we suppose two mass scales $$M_{SH}$$

M

SH

and M with $$M_{SH}\gg M$$

M

SH

≫
M

for supersymmetric particles. Squarks belong to $$M_{SH}$$

M

SH

and the other supersymmetric particles belong to M. We analyze the order of the contributions from the two loop diagrams. The two loop triangle diagrams corresponding to the two loop self-energy diagram satisfy Ward-identity, and their contributions possess particular factors. This work can help to distinguish the important two loop diagrams giving corrections to lepton MDM.
Abstract 1002: Immune microenvironment features of lung adenomatous premalignancy in a Chinese cohort
Authors: Guo Liting , Shao Weiwei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction: The widespread of implementation of computed tomography (CT) has resulted in a drastic increase in the detection of small pulmonary nodules presenting as ground glass opacities (GGOs). Many of these GGOs are atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and sometimes invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC). The concept of a continuum between the precursor lesions AAH and AIS to MIA and frankly invasive IAC is backed by a wealth of recent data showing a gradual decrease in overall survival from 100% for AAH, AIS and MIA to moderately lower rates for IAC. A growing body of evidence suggests that the immune response is a significant determinant of cancer progression. However, little is known about the immune microenvironment features in the early stages of lung carcinogenesis. Methods: A total of 40 tumor tissue samples including 10 AAH, 10 AIS, 10 MIA and 10 early IAC from 40 patients who underwent surgical resection of pulmonary nodules at Yancheng No.1 People's Hospital, China were included. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for the expression of CD3, CD4, CD8 and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) to assess the role of T-cell immune surveillance in these pre- and early lung cancers were performed. Results: We observed CD3, CD4, CD8 and PD-L1 positivity in AAH, AIS, MIA and IAC, suggesting that immunoediting has started before the invasion. Higher expressions of CD3, CD4, CD8 and PD-L1 in IAC implying tumor invasion. Conclusions: Our preliminary results of the immune subgroups provide evidence for immune recognition in pulmonary premalignancy and are critical for understanding tumorigenesis and the development of effective preventive and interception strategies. Associations with genomic landscape is underway.
Citation Format: Liting Guo, Weiwei Shao. Immune microenvironment features of lung adenomatous premalignancy in a Chinese cohort [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1002.
Abstract 1036: Discovery of a highly potent, efficacious and orally active small-molecule inhibitor of embryonic ectoderm development (EED)
Authors: Wang Changwei , Rej Rohan Kalyan , Lu Jianfeng , Wang Mi , Harvey Kaitlin P. , Yang Chao-Yie , Fernandez-Salas Ester , Stuckey Jeanne , Petrunak Elyse , Foster Caroline , Zhou Yunlong , Zhou Rubin , Tang Guozhi , Chen Jianyong , Wang Shaomeng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Embryonic ectoderm development (EED) is a key component of the polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2 and targeting EED by an allosteric mechanism represents a potentially attractive strategy for the treatment of human cancers. We report herein the discovery of a new class of highly potent and efficacious small-molecule EED inhibitors, as exemplified by UM-EEDi-5285. UM-EEDi-5285 binds to EED protein with a low nanomolar affinity and achieves IC50 values of &lt; 1 nM in inhibition of cell growth in Pfeiffer and Karpas-422 lymphoma cell lines carrying an EZH2 mutation. UM-EEDi-5285 is capable of achieving complete and durable tumor regression in the KARPAS-422 xenograft model in mice at well-tolerated dose-schedules. The co-crystal structure of UM-EEDi-5285 in a complex with EED provides the structural basis for their high-affinity interaction. UM-EEDi-5285 is arguably the most potent and efficacious EED inhibitor reported to date. UM-EEDi-5285 is a promising lead compound for advanced preclinical development studies.
Citation Format: Changwei Wang, Rohan Kalyan Rej, Jianfeng Lu, Mi Wang, Kaitlin P. Harvey, Chao-Yie Yang, Ester Fernandez-Salas, Jeanne Stuckey, Elyse Petrunak, Caroline Foster, Yunlong Zhou, Rubin Zhou, Guozhi Tang, Jianyong Chen, Shaomeng Wang. Discovery of a highly potent, efficacious and orally active small-molecule inhibitor of embryonic ectoderm development (EED) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1036.
Abstract 1047: Combinatorial benefit without synergy in recent clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Palmer Adam C. , Sorger Peter K. , Izar Benjamin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
IMPORTANCE Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs), frequently combined with other therapies, have become the standard of care for the treatment of several cancers, and hundreds of clinical trials evaluate the efficacy of novel combinations with ICI. However, it is unclear whether combination therapies truly enhance ICI activity or simply provide multiple “shots on target” for a response to occur.
OBJECTIVE To assess whether ICIs in combination with other therapies result in ‘additive' or ‘synergistic' anti-tumor activity. The null hypothesis is independent drug action, where each patient's response to a combination of therapies is equal to that patient's best single-agent response.
DATA SOURCES We analyzed twelve randomized-controlled clinical trials testing combinations of ICIs with other drug classes in patients with advanced cancers, including melanoma and lung, breast, gastric, kidney, and head and neck cancers. For each analysis, the clinical activity of each constituent therapy of the combination was available in the respective study population.
METHODS We digitized Progression Free Survival curves for combination therapies and their constituents, and computed PFS expected for the null hypothesis of independent action by randomly sampling single-agent PFS durations (with correlation ρ=0.3±0.2 to account for cross-resistance), and assigning each simulated patient the longer of the two sampled PFS values. For each combination therapy, simulated and clinically observed PFS distributions were compared.
RESULTS None of the analyzed clinical trials of ICIs in combination therapies exhibited PFS surpassing the null hypothesis of independent drug action. This suggest that there is no additive or synergistic effect in patients receiving combination therapies with ICIs. Rather, these combinations provided benefits that are largely predictable from the response probabilities of each constituent therapy.
CONCLUSIONS Combining ICIs with other cancer therapies provides predictable and clinically meaningful benefit by bet-hedging: providing patients with more chances of a response to any one therapy. This implies that similar benefits may in principle result from sequential treatments or biomarker-stratified choice of treatment. This insight may be most valuable in cases where toxicity prevents full-dose combinations.
Citation Format: Adam C. Palmer, Peter K. Sorger, Benjamin Izar. Combinatorial benefit without synergy in recent clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1047.
Abstract 105: Clobetasol-induced quiescence in the vulvar carcinoma cell line UMSCV-4 can be overcome by repeated removal and re-exposure to this ultrapotent corticosteroid
Authors: Jaramillo Nolberto , Mustico Nina M. , Lewis Jani E. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Vulvar cancer is rare, mostly afflicting women aged 60 and older. The cancer is often preceded by a common vulvar rash, Lichen sclerosis, that is usually treated with the ultra-potent corticosteroid, clobetasol propionate. This treatment may, in turn, be associated with vulvar carcinogenesis. We found that clobetasol slows metabolism and proliferation in the vulvar carcinoma cell line, UMSCV-4 as revealed through MTT and BrdU/Ki67 assays. Upon removal from clobetasol, a subpopulation of UMSCV-4 cells had proliferation rates restabilize to baseline levels. The rate of cell death slightly increased in the presence of clobetasol as shown using trypan blue exclusion, but the majority of cells remained viable. RT-qPCR showed that the cell cycle inhibitors, p16 and p21 were upregulated while cyclin D1 was downregulated after 10 days of clobetasol treatment. The subpopulation removed from clobetasol proliferated at normal levels when re-exposed. These studies suggest that UMSCV-4 cells are a good model for studying quiescence. In addition, these studies highlight the potential for vulvar cancer cells to evade cancer treatments in the presence of clobetasol and lead to selection for more aggressive subpopulations.
Citation Format: Nolberto Jaramillo, Nina M. Mustico, Jani E. Lewis. Clobetasol-induced quiescence in the vulvar carcinoma cell line UMSCV-4 can be overcome by repeated removal and re-exposure to this ultrapotent corticosteroid [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 105.