bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A questão da mulher em Rousseau e as críticas de Mary Wollstonecraft
Authors: Paiva Wilson Alves de 
Published: March 2020

Rousseau foi um dos maiores expoentes da intelectualidade europeia do século XVIII e que, juntamente com os demais, não escapou de reproduzir em seus escritos a visão da família patriarcal, sobretudo no Emílio. Wollstonecraft foi uma escritora e filósofa inglesa, conhecida defensora dos direitos das mulheres, que criticou Rousseau. O presente texto procura discutir diferenças e aproximações entre os dois, buscando ressaltar que o filósofo genebrino contribuiu com o debate, mesmo sem ter discutido o tema diretamente. Também procura demonstrar que é um equívoco interpretá-lo como um anti-feminista ou alguém que tenha sido contrário à educação da mulher, tal como o fez Wollstonecraft em seu livro A vindication of the rights of woman.
Interventions Within the Scope of Occupational Therapy Practice to Improve Motor Performance for Children Ages 0–5 Years: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tanner Kelly , Schmidt Elizabeth , Martin Kristen , Bassi Margaret 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Importance: Occupational therapy practitioners need updated information about which interventions may improve motor skills for young children.
Objective: To identify the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions to promote motor development and prevent delay for children ages 0–5 yr.
Data Sources: Six databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ERIC, Cochrane, and OTseeker) were searched for articles published from January 2010 to March 2017.
Study Selection and Data Collection: The search yielded 4,488 articles that were reviewed for inclusion. Fifty-six studies were entered into both evidence and risk-of-bias tables. Included studies used Level I–III designs, were within occupational therapy’s scope of practice, included participants with a mean age younger than 6 yr, and addressed motor skills.
Findings: Three intervention themes emerged: early intervention for children younger than age 3 yr, interventions for preschool children ages 3–5 yr, and interventions for children with or at risk for cerebral palsy.
Conclusions and Relevance: Occupational therapy practitioners should consider use of interventions with moderate or strong evidence as described in this review. Limitations include high risk of bias and limited evidence for several interventions.
What This Article Adds: This article provides occupational therapy practitioners with updated information on evidence-based practices for children age 5 and younger who have motor delays.
Development of diffusive drying process using compressed dry air in pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Aryanti Regina , Kartawiria Irvan , Gunawan Paulus 
Published: March 2020

Most of drying processes applies excessive heat which damages heat sensitive material, including foods, pharmaceutical, neutraceutical substances, and herbal medicines. Drying approach is categorized into evaporative drying that utilize heat as driving force, and diffusive drying that uses vapor pressure difference to reduce moisture content. Diffusive drying requires media with very low vapor pressure, such as compressed dry air used in pharmaceutical industry. The objective of this research is to develop drying process based on diffusion principle pharmaceutical grade compressed dry air. Process development involves mathematical modeling based on diffusion principles, construction of equipment prototype, validation, and verification of the model using the prototype. Lactose granules (50 g and 70 g) were used as example. The drying process reduces lactose moisture content from 11.38% to 4.75% in 85 seconds at room temperature. Compressed dry air used at moisture content 0.0005% with flow rates of 1.47×10-2, 1.58×10-2, and 1.67×10-2 m3/s (operating pressure of 1.3, 1.6, and 1.8 bars). The diffusive drying model developed in this research has been successfully validated against physical behavior with accuracies of 84.24 - 99.61%. It can be concluded that the compressed dry air in pharmaceutical industry is potential for diffusive drying process at room temperature.Keywords: drying, diffusive, compressed air, model AbstrakKebanyakan proses pengeringan memberikan panas yang berlebihan, yang dapat merusak bahan-bahan peka panas seperti bahan-bahan pangan, farmasetika, nutrasetika, serta obat-obatan herbal. Pendekatan umum proses pengeringan dapat dibedakan menjadi pengeringan evaporatif yang memanfaatkan panas sebagai gaya pendorong, serta pengeringan difusional yang memanfaatkan perbedaan tekanan uap untuk mengurangi kadar air bahan umpan. Pengeringan difusional memerlukan media bertekanan uap sangat rendah untuk melepaskan air dari produk, seperti udara tekan kering, untuk penerapan di industri farmasi. Udara tekan di industri farmasi harus sesuai dengan standar ISO 8573.1 Class 1, yang mensyaratkan kelembaban sangat rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan proses pengeringan berdasarkan prinsip difusi, menggunakan udara tekan kering sesuai standar industri farmasi. Pengembangan melibatkan pemodelan matematik berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip difusi, pembangunan prototipe alat, validasi, dan verifikasi model menggunakan prototipe tersebut. Udara tekan kering memiliki kadar air 0,0005% dengan laju alir divariasikan pada 1.47×10-2 m3/s, 1.58×10-2 m3/s, 1.67×10-2 m3/s (pada tekanan operasi 1,3, 1,6, dan 1,8 bar). Model pengeringan difusional yang dikembangkan berhasil divalidasi terhadap kelakuan nyata dengan akurasi 84.24 - 99.61%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa udara kering tekan berstandar industri farmasi dapat digunakan untuk proses pengeringan difusional pada temperatur ambien. Kata kunci: pengeringan, difusional, udara tekan, model
Ekstraksi kulit petai sebagai sumber antioksidan alami dengan metode domestic microwave maceration
Authors: Agnes A , Widjaja Lois Olivia , Ayucitra Aning , Indraswati Nani 
Published: March 2020

Extraction of petai peels as natural antioxidants source by domestic microwave macerationPetai (Parkia speciosa) contains antioxidants that can prevent free radicals. Research also proves that petai is able to prevent and even overcome diseases because its seeds contain polyphenols and flavonoids which are known as antioxidant compounds. Flavonoids may serve as a catcher of superoxide anion and lipid superoxide radicals, and also may reduce the activity of superoxide free radicals. The objective of this research was to study the effects of solid to solvent ratio, ethanol concentration, and radiation time on the yield and Total Phenolic Compound (TPC) of extracts. Petai peels was firstly crushed without the addition of water. Petai peels was then used for extraction process in a domestic microwave. Solid to solvent ratio, ethanol concentration, and radiation time were varied. Following extraction, solvent was separated from the solid and then evaporated. The resulting extract powders were analyzed for yield and TPC. Antioxidant activity of extract was also studied as IC50. As result, petai peels extracted at solid to solvent ratio of 1:5, ethanol concentration of 96%, and extraction time of 150 second gave the highest TPC value of 41,43 g GAE /100 g petai peel extracts with IC50 of 364 µg/mL.Keywords: petai peels, domestic microwave, antioxidants, phenolics AbstrakPenelitian membuktikan bahwa petai (Parkia speciosa) mengandung antioksidan berupa polifenol dan flavonoid yang bisa menangkal radikal bebas dan mampu mencegah bahkan mengatasi beberapa macam penyakit serta dapat berfungsi sebagai penangkap anion superoksida dan lipid superoksida radikal, serta mengurangi aktivitas radikal bebas superoksida. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh perbandingan padatan dan pelarut, konsentrasi etanol, dan waktu radiasi terhadap perolehan dan kadar senyawa fenolik atau Total Phenolic Compound (TPC) ekstrak kulit petai yang diperoleh dengan metode ekstraksi domestic microwave maceration. Mula-mula kulit petai diblender tanpa penambahan air. Proses ekstraksi kulit petai dengan pelarut etanol dilakukan dengan bantuan microwave pada variasi perbandingan padatan dan pelarut, konsentrasi etanol dan waktu radiasi. Setelah itu, padatan dipisahkan dengan pelarutnya. Pelarut diuapkan untuk mendapatkan ekstrak serbuk kulit petai. Ekstrak serbuk kulit petai dianalisis untuk mengetahui perolehan dan TPC. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak juga dianalisis dan dinyatakan dalam nilai Inhibisi 50% (IC50). Proses ekstraksi kulit petai yang menghasilkan TPC tertinggi adalah pada perbandingan padatan dan pelarut 1:5, konsentrasi etanol 96%, dan waktu radiasi 150 detik dengan nilai TPC yang diperoleh sebesar 41,43 g GAE (ekivalen asam galat) /100 g ekstrak kulit petai dan IC50 sebesar 364 µg/mL.Kata kunci: kulit petai, domestic microwave, antioksidan, fenolik
Market Orientation of News Startups
Authors: Sommer Christoph 
Published: March 2020

The media industry is undergoing major disruptions, which foster innovation but make starting a new business particularly difficult. In this instable environment, theory suggests market orientation being important for success. Based on four case studies of early stage news startups, I investigate processes and practices of market orientation in the media. The results show that startups generate market intelligence in various ways and, in doing so, prioritize markets. Most attention is dedicated to learning about users, while they put less effort into examining businesses and competitors. Overall, market orientation seems to have a positive influence on a news startup's survival and support innovation.
Development of core-collections for Guizhou tea genetic resources and GWAS of leaf size using SNP developed by genotyping-by-sequencing
Authors: Niu Suzhen , Koiwa Hisashi , Song Qinfei , Qiao Dahe , Chen Juan , Zhao Degang , Chen Zhengwu , Wang Ying , Zhang Tianyuan 
Published: March 2020

An accurate depiction of the genetic relationship, the development of core collection, and genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) are key for the effective exploitation and utilization of genetic resources. Here, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) was used to characterize 415 tea accessions mostly collected from the Guizhou region in China. A total of 30,282 high-quality SNPs was used to estimate the genetic relationships, develop core collections, and perform GWAS. We suggest 198 and 148 accessions to represent the core set and mini-core set, which consist of 47% and 37% of the whole collection, respectively, and contain 93–95% of the total SNPs. Furthermore, the frequencies of all alleles and genotypes in the whole set were very well retained in the core set and mini-core set. The 415 accessions were clustered into 14 groups and the core and the mini-core collections contain accessions from each group, species, cultivation status and growth habit. By analyzing the significant SNP markers associated with multiple traits, nine SNPs were found to be significantly associated with four leaf size traits, namely MLL, MLW, MLA and MLSI (P < 1.655E−06). This study characterized the genetic distance and relationship of tea collections, suggested the core collections, and established an efficient GWAS analysis of GBS result.
The chloride intracellular channel protein CLIC4 inhibits filopodium formation induced by constitutively active mutants of formin mDia2
Authors: Argenzio Elisabetta , Innocenti Metello 
Published: March 2020

Chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4) functions in diverse actin‐dependent processes. Upon Rho activation, CLIC4 reversibly translocates from the cytosol to the plasma membrane to regulate cell adhesion and migration. At the plasma membrane, CLIC4 counters the formation of filopodia, which requires actin assembly by the formin mammalian Diaphanous (mDia)2. To this end, mDia2 must be activated through conversion from the closed to the open conformation. Thus, CLIC4 could harness the activation or the open conformation of mDia2 to inhibit filopodium formation. Here, we find that CLIC4 silencing enhances the filopodia induced by two constitutively active mDia2 mutants. Furthermore, we report that CLIC4 binds the actin‐regulatory region of mDia2 in vitro. These results suggest that CLIC4 modulates the activity of the open conformation of mDia2, shedding new light into how cells may control filopodia.
Self‐Sustaining 3D Thin Liquid Films in Ambient Environments
Authors: Camacho Ryan M. , Fish Davin , Simmons Matthew , Awerkamp Parker , Anderson Rebecca , Carlson Stephanie , Laney Joshua , Viglione Matthew , Nordin Gregory P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThin liquid films (TLF) have fundamental and technological importance ranging from the thermodynamics of cell membranes to the safety of light‐water cooled nuclear reactors. The creation of stable water TLFs, however, is very difficult. In this paper, the realization of thin liquid films of water with custom 3D geometries that persist indefinitely in ambient environments is reported. The wetting films are generated using microscale “mounts” fed by microfluidic channels with small feature sizes and large aspect ratios. These devices are fabricated with a custom 3D printer and resin, which are developed to print high resolution microfluidic geometries. By modifying the 3D‐printed polymer to be hydrophilic and taking advantage of well‐known wetting principles and capillary effects, self‐sustaining microscale “water fountains” are constructed that continuously replenish water lost to evaporation while relying on surface tension to stabilize their shape. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first demonstration of stable sub‐micron thin liquid films (TLFs) of pure water on curved 3D geometries.
High‐yield characteristics and root support of rain‐fed maize under film mulching
Authors: Zhang Liang , Meng Yuan , Li Shiqing , Yue Shanchao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFull ridge‐furrow plastic film‐mulching (FM) is an important drought‐resistant and high‐yield agricultural method employed in the Loess Plateau. The characteristics of FM, which are closely related to high‐efficiency resource utilization and root–shoot coordination of crops, may serve as references for yield increases in a broad range of farmland types. However, few studies have investigated this topic. A 2‐yr field study was conducted in the rain‐fed arid farmland of the Loess Plateau experimental station to investigate the canopy development and root support of FM maize (Zea mays L.). Our results showed that FM not only accelerated canopy growth in the vegetative phase and prolonged the reproductive phase but also promoted N and biomass accumulation in leaves after flowering. The leaf N concentration and biomass in FM maize increased by 6.2–24.7% and 16.9–29.3%, respectively, during R1 (silking)–R3 (milk) stage compared with the control. However, although the total root biomass decreased, and less RL (root length) and root surface area were distributed in deep soil, FM reduced the decline rate of RL and surface area during the R1–R3 period by 20.5 and 15.2% in topsoil, respectively, compared to the control. Moreover, FM significantly increased the root efficiency of leaf nitrogen (REN) absorption by 66.7–84.6% at the R1 stage and increased the water use efficiency (WUE) of grain yield by 20.3–69.4%. In conclusion, maize plants under FM had strengthened photosynthetic organs with high efficiency and long‐lasting root support in a prolonged reproductive phase.
Quantification of Mixtures of C2 and C3 Hydroxy Acids and Products of Glycerol Oxidation by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography and Quantitative 13C NMR
Authors: Nguyen Rémi , Amouroux Mathilde , Duda Alexis , Mouloungui Zéphirin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop an improved general method for detecting and quantifying mixtures of hydroxy acids and other products of glycerol oxidation in aqueous media, to prevent the confusions that can occur due to similarities and interactions between these compounds depending on media conditions. Standard potential products of glycerol oxidation—glycerol, glyceraldehyde, dihydroxyacetone, glyceric acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, glyoxylic acid, oxalic acid, tartronic acid, and mesoxalic acid—were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and quantitative 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), in mixtures of known composition. The results obtained were concordant with the known compositions tested. HPLC was more accurate than quantitative 13C NMR for simple mixtures, but 13C NMR was required for complex mixtures containing dihydroxyacetone and glycerol, oxalic acid and mesoxalic acid, or glyoxylic acid and tartronic acid, pairs of compounds not well separated or detected by HPLC. As proof‐of‐concept, an unknown mixture generated by glycerol oxidation was analyzed by HPLC and quantitative 13C NMR. The results obtained were concordant and allowed accurate determination of the composition of the sample, which contained mesoxalic acid as the major product, with oxalic acid, tartronic acid, and glyceric acid as by‐products.
Fabrication of polycaprolactone nanofibrous membrane‐embedded microfluidic device for water filtration
Authors: Qasim Muhammad , Duong Duong Duy , Lee Ji Yi , Lee Nae Yoon 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this study, we fabricated a plastic microfluidic device embedded with polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibrous membrane for use as a filter for the removal of bacteria from contaminated water. A microfluidic device was fabricated by sandwiching an electrospun PCL nanofibrous membrane between two layers of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates. On the top PMMA layer, a serpentine microchannel was engraved, and 165 through holes were drilled along the microchannel. The bottom PMMA layer contained four rectangular pillars in the center to prevent the collapse of the PCL membrane. To reduce the hydrophobic nature of the PCL membrane and to allow it attain antimicrobial functionality, the surfaces of the nanofibers were coated with dopamine. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements confirmed the successful fabrication of the hydrophilic PCL membrane. Contaminated water was introduced at a flow rate of 2 mL/hr, screening 10 mL of fluid within 5 hr. Ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry and colony forming unit counting confirmed the removal of bacteria from contaminated water as compared with control (up to 80%), while dopamine‐coated nanofibrous membranes also exhibited antimicrobial activities. This justified the potential of utilization of the microfluidic device in water treatment systems.
Characteristics of the isocitrate dehydrogenase gene and telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations in gliomas in Chinese patients
Authors: Qu Chong‐Xiao , Ji Hong‐Ming , Shi Xiang‐Cheng , Bi Hong , Zhai Li‐Qin , Han De‐Wu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the characteristics of IDH and TERT promoter mutations in gliomas in Chinese patients.MethodsA total of 124 Chinese patients with gliomas were enrolled to study the frequencies of mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter (TERTp). Among the 124 patients, 59 patients were enrolled to study the classification of gliomas based on mutations in IDH and TERTp.ResultsIsocitrate dehydrogenase mutations are positively correlated with a good prognosis but mutations in TERTp cannot predict prognoses independently. The combined analysis of the mutations of IDH and TERTp can predict the prognosis more accurately. Patients with IDH and TERTp glioma mutations have the best prognosis, followed by only IDH mutation patients and only TERTp mutation patients, which have the worst prognosis. IDH and TERTp mutations occur frequently in males, younger patients or lower‐grade patients. In contrast, only TERTp mutations occur frequently in females, older patients or higher‐grade patients.ConclusionsPatients with IDH and TERTp glioma mutations have the best prognosis, and only IDH mutation patients and only TERTp mutation patients have the worst prognosis. Moreover, the molecular classification of gliomas by mutations of IDH and TERTp is not suitable for pediatric patients.
Numerical estimation on the threshold of nerve excitation phenomena by the application of current with multiple frequencies based on Frankenhaeuser‐Huxley model
Authors: Makino Kei , Suzuki Yukihisa , Taki Masao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInternational Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines describes addition equation for electrical stimulation, relevant for frequencies up to 10 MHz, with respect to simultaneous exposure to magnetic fields with multiple frequencies. However, there is no literature which estimated the threshold of electromagnetic field exposure of multiple frequencies. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to estimate the threshold of nerve excitation caused by the application of current with multiple frequencies. In this article, combinations of two kinds of frequencies f1 and f2 were investigated for the applying current. The Frankenhaeuser‐Huxley model was employed to analyze nerve excitation effects. The ratios of the applied current value to the threshold current value were kept at the same value for each frequency f1 and f2, respectively. Consequently, the threshold did not exceed if the philosophy of the addition equation of International Commission on Non‐Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) was satisfied, with any combination of f1 and f2 analyzed in this article. Especially when f1 = 2 f2 and f2 = 2 f1, the threshold became a high value. By analyzing the amount of the accumulated electric charge, which is a factor causing the action potential, it was demonstrated that it is difficult to accumulate the electric charge when f1 = 2 f2 and f2 = 2 f1.
Formation of Alkylbenzenes and Tocochromanols Degradation in Sunflower Oil and in Fried Potatoes during Deep‐Frying and Pan‐Frying
Authors: Padovan Andrea , Moret Sabrina , Bortolomeazzi Renzo , Moret Erica , Conchione Chiara , Conte Lanfranco S. , Brühl Ludger 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFormation of toxic alkylbenzenes, total polar compounds (%TPC) and degradation of tocochromanol are monitored. Analyses of the oil extracted from fried potatoes confirm the trend observed in the frying oil. The fresh oil has a TPC content of 3%, which increases with the frying time, exceeding the acceptable value (25%) after about 25 h for deep‐frying and 1.5 h for pan‐frying. During deep‐frying, total tocochromanol decreases to about half (25 mg per 100 g) of the initial value, pan‐frying shows faster, degradation (complete after 1.5 h). Toluene concentration increases with the frying time reaching a maximum, and afterwards gradually decreases. Except for butylbenzene during pan‐frying, pentylbenzene and butylbenzene concentration, increase with the frying time, but remain much lower than toluene.Practical Applications: This is the first systematic work comparing alkylbenzenes evolution under different frying conditions. Different from previous works, frying experiments are carried out following the indication of many European countries that recommend using temperature lower than 180 °C. The amount of alkylbenzenes assumed through a standard portion of fried potatoes (200 g) is assessed, which is relevant for evaluating dietary exposure to these contaminants.
Appellate decision in bankruptcy case creates financial risks for higher ed institutions
Authors: Gelpi Aileen 
Published: March 2020

In November 2019, the U.S. First Circuit Court of Appeals decided in In re Palladino, No. 17‐1334 (11/12/19, U.S. 1st Circuit Court of Appeals), that a bankruptcy trustee may claw back from a college or university tuition payments by the parents of an adult child if the payments were made within two years of the filing of a bankruptcy petition and the parents were insolvent at that time. The court specifically refused to address whether it would reach the same outcome if the child was a minor at the time the payments were made.