bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a radiomics signature as a non‐invasive complementary predictor of gastroesophageal varices and high‐risk varices in compensated advanced chronic liver disease: A multicenter study
Authors: Huang Yifei , Huang Fangze , Yang Li , Hu Weiling , Liu Yanna , Lin Zihuai , Meng Xiangpan , Zeng Manling , He Chaohui , Xu Qing , Xie Guanghang , Liu Chuan , Liang Mingkai , Li Xiaoguo , Kang Ning , Xu Dan , Wang Jitao , Zhang Liting , Mao Xiaorong , Yang Changqing , Xu Ming , Qi Xiaolong , Mao Hua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimGastroesophageal varices (GEV) present in compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) and can develop into high‐risk varices (HRV). The gold standard for diagnosing GEV is esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). However, EGD is invasive and less tolerant. This study aimed to develop and validate radiomics signatures based on noncontrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) images for non‐invasive diagnosis of GEV and HRV in patients with cACLD.MethodsThe multicenter trial enrolled 161 patients with cACLD from six university hospitals in China between January 2015 and September 2019, who underwent both EGD and noncontrast‐enhanced CT examination within 14 days prior to the endoscopy. Two radiomics signatures, termed rGEV and rHRV, respectively, were built based on CT images in a training cohort of 129 patients and validated in a prospective validation cohort of 32 patients (ClinicalTrials. gov identifier: NCT03749954).ResultsIn the training cohort, both rGEV and rHRV exhibited high discriminative abilities on determining the existence of GEV and HRV with the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.941 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.904–0.978) and 0.836 (95% CI 0.766–0.905), respectively. In validation cohort, rGEV and rHRV showed high discriminative abilities with AUCs of 0.871 (95% CI 0.739–1.000) and 0.831 (95% CI 0.685–0.978), respectively.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that rGEV and rHRV could serve as the satisfying auxiliary parameters for detection of GEV and HRV with good diagnostic performance.
Relationships among gastrointestinal symptoms, sleep problems, challenging behaviour, comorbid psychopathology and autism spectrum disorder symptoms in children and adolescents with 15q duplication syndrome
Authors: Leader G. , Forde J. , Naughton K. , Maher L. , Arndt S. , Mannion A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundComorbidity is the presence of at least two disorders in one person at one time. This study examined the frequency of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, sleep problems, comorbid psychopathology, challenging behaviour and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in children and adolescents with duplication 15q syndrome (Dup15q), aged 3–17 years. This study also examined whether challenging behaviour in Dup15q is predicted by age, gender, presence of an intellectual disability, sleep problems, GI symptoms and comorbid psychopathology.MethodParental measures were completed by 101 parents of children and adolescents with Dup15q. Questionnaires were composed of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, Behavior Problems Inventory – Short Form, GI Symptom Inventory, Social Communication Questionnaire and the Child Behavior Checklist.ResultsSleep problems (94%), GI symptoms (87%) and challenging behaviour (100%) were common comorbidities represented in the sample in this study. Significant relationships were found between challenging behaviour and the presence of co‐occurring sleep problems, GI symptoms, comorbid psychopathology and ASD symptoms. Further analysis revealed that these comorbidities also predicted challenging behaviour.ConclusionThis research demonstrated the importance of studying the relationships between GI symptoms, sleep problems, comorbid psychopathology, ASD symptoms and challenging behaviour in Dup15q and how these conditions can shape the Dup15q phenotype.
Chemical and physical damage affect the perceptions of hair attributes: A quantitative sensory assessment by a trained panel
Authors: Bloch Leila David , Valente Neusa Y. S. , Escudeiro Cassiano Carlos , Sarruf Fernanda Daud , Velasco Maria Valéria Robles 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHair damage is caused by several chemical and physical factors. Each kind of damage affects different parts of the hair structure (cuticle and cortex) and may be noticed differently by consumers. This work aimed to assess how trained panelists perceived several types of damage to different hair types. Therefore, we prepared wavy and tight curly tresses and submitted them to standardized chemical and physical damages. A trained panel performed sensory analyses of the damaged tresses compared to virgin hair. In the analysis, the panelists assessed eight different sensory attributes: glow, silkiness, smoothness, dryness, combability, volume, frizz, and balance. The results showed that damage from UV exposure most affected the sensory attributes of hair tresses. Hair treatments that promote fiber alignment (straightening and thermal damage) had “hidden” harmful effects and attributes were noticed as if hair had improved.Practical ApplicationConsumer's hair suffers damage daily from many sources. Most previous studies have reported the results of instrumental assessments of these damages, without considering how they are perceived by people. The current study assessed how panelists noticed hair damage from different sources to better understand damage from the consumer's point of view.
Assessment of the ideal ratios of digestible essential amino acids for pacu,Piaractus mesopotamicus, juveniles by the amino acid deletion method
Authors: Boaratti André Z. , Nascimento Thiago M. T. , Khan Kifayat U. , Mansano Cleber F. M. , Oliveira Thaís S. , Queiroz Daniel M. A. , Romaneli Rafael S. , Rodrigues Andressa T. , Sakomura Nilva K. , Fernandes João B. K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine the ideal ratios of digestible essential amino acids (EAAs) for pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) juveniles by the amino acid (AA) deletion method. A completely randomized design which consisted of 11 treatments and three replicates each was used. The treatments included a control diet (CD) containing 55% of nonpurified natural ingredients and 45% of purified synthetic amino acids and ingredients, and other ten isonitrogenous and isoenergetic EAA limiting diets (LDs), each being deficient in 44.4 ± 0.02% of the respective EAA. Pacu juveniles with initial average body weight of 6.22 ± 0.09 g were distributed among 33 fiber glass tanks. Fish were fed with semipurified and extruded diets for 113 days two times a day until apparent satiation. The ideal ratio of each dietary EAA was calculated on the basis of the relationship between body N retention and amount of EAA deleted from the respective EAA LD. Based on the AA deletion method, the ideal ratios of digestible EAAs for pacu juveniles, relative to lysine requirement of 100% were estimated as: methionine 14.6%, threonine 35.0%, tryptophan 6.6%, arginine 62.8%, histidine 13.6%, isoleucine 26.3%, leucine 43.7%, phenylalanine 27.2%, and valine 35.8%.
Automatic counting methods in aquaculture: A review
Authors: Li Daoliang , Miao Zheng , Peng Fang , Wang Liang , Hao Yinfeng , Wang Zhenhu , Chen Tao , Li Hui , Zheng Yingying 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObject counting in aquaculture is an important task, and has been widely applied in fish population estimation, estimation of lobster abundance and scallop stocks, and so forth. However, underwater object counting is challenging for biologists and marine scientists because of the diversity of backgrounds of the lake or ocean, the uncertainty of the object motion, and the occlusion between objects. With the rapid development of sensor, computer vision, and acoustic technologies, advanced and efficient counting methods are available in aquaculture. We reviewed underwater object counting methods in aquaculture, provided a survey including more than 50 articles in the recent 10 years, and analyzed the pros and cons of the counting methods and the applicable scenarios of those methods. Finally, the major challenges and future trends of underwater object counting in aquaculture are discussed.
Identifying safe intersection design through unsupervised feature extraction from satellite imagery
Authors: Wijnands Jasper S. , Zhao Haifeng , Nice Kerry A. , Thompson Jason , Scully Katherine , Guo Jingqiu , Stevenson Mark 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe World Health Organization has listed the design of safer intersections as a key intervention to reduce global road trauma. This article presents the first study to systematically analyze the design of all intersections in a large country, based on aerial imagery and deep learning. Approximately 900,000 satellite images were downloaded for all intersections in Australia and customized computer vision techniques emphasized the road infrastructure. A deep autoencoder extracted high‐level features, including the intersection's type, size, shape, lane markings, and complexity, which were used to cluster similar designs. An Australian telematics data set linked infrastructure design to driving behaviors captured during 66 million kilometers of driving. This showed more frequent hard acceleration events (per vehicle) at four‐ than three‐way intersections, relatively low hard deceleration frequencies at T‐intersections, and consistently low average speeds on roundabouts. Overall, domain‐specific feature extraction enabled the identification of infrastructure improvements that could result in safer driving behaviors, potentially reducing road trauma.
Priming for enhanced ARGONAUTE2 activation accompanies induced resistance to cucumber mosaic virus in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Ando Sugihiro , Jaskiewicz Michal , Mochizuki Sei , Koseki Saeko , Miyashita Shuhei , Takahashi Hideki , Conrath Uwe 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSystemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a broad‐spectrum disease resistance response that can be induced upon infection from pathogens or by chemical treatment, such as with benzo‐(1,2,3)‐thiadiazole‐7‐carbothioic acid S‐methyl ester (BTH). SAR involves priming for more robust activation of defence genes upon pathogen attack. Whether priming for SAR would involve components of RNA silencing remained unknown. Here, we show that upon leaf infiltration of water, BTH‐primed Arabidopsis thaliana plants accumulate higher amounts of mRNA of ARGONAUTE (AGO)2 and AGO3, key components of RNA silencing. The enhanced AGO2 expression is associated with prior‐to‐activation trimethylation of lysine 4 in histone H3 and acetylation of histone H3 in the AGO2 promoter and with induced resistance to the yellow strain of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV[Y]). The results suggest that priming A. thaliana for enhanced defence involves modification of histones in the AGO2 promoter that condition AGO2 for enhanced activation, associated with resistance to CMV(Y). Consistently, the fold‐reduction in CMV(Y) coat protein accumulation by BTH pretreatment was lower in ago2 than in wild type, pointing to reduced capacity of ago2 to activate BTH‐induced CMV(Y) resistance. A role of AGO2 in pathogen‐induced SAR is suggested by the enhanced activation of AGO2 after infiltrating systemic leaves of plants expressing a localized hypersensitive response upon CMV(Y) infection. In addition, local inoculation of SAR‐inducing Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola causes systemic priming for enhanced AGO2 expression. Together our results indicate that defence priming targets the AGO2 component of RNA silencing whose enhanced expression is likely to contribute to SAR.
Candida spp. infective endocarditis: Characteristics and outcomes of twenty patients with a focus on injection drug use as a predisposing risk factor
Authors: Morelli Morgan K. , Veve Michael P. , Lorson William , Shorman Mahmoud A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCandida spp. infective endocarditis (CIE) although rare is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Risk factors include prosthetic heart valves and injection drug use (IDU). We reviewed all cases of CIE at our institution to describe the microbiology, treatment and outcomes of patients focusing on IDU as a predisposing factor.MethodsRetrospective cohort of patients with definite CIE between 2013 and 2019 at a university hospital was analysed. Demographic data collected included IDU, microbiologic, treatment and mortality. The primary outcome of interest was 12‐month, all‐cause mortality.ResultsTwenty patients were included (one had two separate episodes of CIE); CIE accounted for 4% of total infective endocarditis (IE) cases during the study period. The median (IQR) age was 38 (30‐58) years, 10 (50%) had a previous history of IE, and 4 (20%) patients had prosthetic heart valves or an implanted cardiac device. Thirteen (65%) patients were IDU. The tricuspid valve was the primary valve involved (8/18, 44%), and C albicans was the most frequently isolated organism (8, 36%). Echinocandin was the most common treatment strategy (8, 40%). Only three (15%) patients underwent valve replacement during hospitalisation. There were no in‐hospital fatalities, and 5 (25%) patients died at one year; all were IDU (39% to 0%, p = .11).ConclusionCIE is a rare infectious disease seen more commonly in the IDU population. Cardiac surgery was rarely performed, and long‐term mortality was 25%. Additional data are needed to identify ideal management strategies in this population.
Development of practice guidelines for daily oral care in care‐dependent older adults to complement the InterRAI suite of instruments using a modified Delphi approach
Authors: Krausch‐Hofmann Stefanie , Palmers Ellen , Declerck Dominique , Duyck Joke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo develop practice guidelines for nursing assistants who provide daily oral care to older adults.BackgroundThe interRAI suite of instruments is internationally used in professional health care to assess the needs of care‐dependent older persons. An optimised oral health section was developed recently to identify care clients with poor oral health and hygiene. Internationally shared guidelines for daily oral care are needed to complement the optimised oral health section of the interRAI suite of instruments.Material and methodsThe modified Delphi approach started with the preparation of an initial draft. Subsequently, an online survey and a face‐to‐face discussion were conducted with international experts. Their feedback was used to revise the draft. Two additional online surveys were conducted with the experts to reach consensus agreement for each item of the revised version. The same group of experts was invited to the different study phases.ResultsThe three surveys were completed by 26, 27 and 23 international experts, respectively. A group of 18 experts completed each survey, whereof a subgroup of 11 experts also took part in the face‐to‐face discussion. Experts were dental hygienists, dentists, nursing scientists, physicians and psychologists from 14 different countries. After the final survey, consensus agreement was reached for 54 of the 57 (94.7%) items, representing the final version of the guidelines.ConclusionAvailable evidence was combined with practical feedback from international experts to develop clear and concise practice guidelines for daily oral care in older adults.Implications for practiceThe guidelines will help to improve knowledge and reduce barriers of nursing assistants to provide daily oral care.
A chromosome‐scale assembly of allotetraploid Brassica juncea (AABB) elucidates comparative architecture of the A and B genomes
Authors: Paritosh Kumar , Yadava Satish Kumar , Singh Priyansha , Bhayana Latika , Mukhopadhyay Arundhati , Gupta Vibha , Bisht Naveen Chandra , Zhang Jianwei , Kudrna David A. , Copetti Dario , Wing Rod A. , Reddy Lachagari Vijaya Bhasker , Pradhan Akshay Kumar , Pental Deepak 
Published: October 2020

SummaryBrassica juncea (AABB), commonly referred to as mustard, is a natural allopolyploid of two diploid species—B. rapa (AA) and B. nigra (BB). We report a highly contiguous genome assembly of an oleiferous type of B. juncea variety Varuna, an archetypical Indian gene pool line of mustard, with ~100× PacBio single‐molecule real‐time (SMRT) long reads providing contigs with an N50 value of >5 Mb. Contigs were corrected for the misassemblies and scaffolded with BioNano optical mapping. We also assembled a draft genome of B. nigra (BB) variety Sangam using Illumina short‐read sequencing and Oxford Nanopore long reads and used it to validate the assembly of the B genome of B. juncea. Two different linkage maps of B. juncea, containing a large number of genotyping‐by‐sequencing markers, were developed and used to anchor scaffolds/contigs to the 18 linkage groups of the species. The resulting chromosome‐scale assembly of B. juncea Varuna is a significant improvement over the previous draft assembly of B. juncea Tumida, a vegetable type of mustard. The assembled genome was characterized for transposons, centromeric repeats, gene content and gene block associations. In comparison to the A genome, the B genome contains a significantly higher content of LTR/Gypsy retrotransposons, distinct centromeric repeats and a large number of B. nigra specific gene clusters that break the gene collinearity between the A and the B genomes. The B. juncea Varuna assembly will be of major value to the breeding work on oleiferous types of mustard that are grown extensively in south Asia and elsewhere.
A high‐quality Brassica napus genome reveals expansion of transposable elements, subgenome evolution and disease resistance
Authors: Chen Xuequn , Tong Chaobo , Zhang Xingtan , Song Aixia , Hu Ming , Dong Wei , Chen Fei , Wang Youping , Tu Jinxing , Liu Shengyi , Tang Haibao , Zhang Liangsheng 
Published: October 2020

SummaryRapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is a recent allotetraploid crop, which is well known for its high oil production. Here, we report a high‐quality genome assembly of a typical semi‐winter rapeseed cultivar, 'Zhongshuang11' (hereafter 'ZS11'), using a combination of single‐molecule sequencing and chromosome conformation capture (Hi‐C) techniques. Most of the high‐confidence sequences (93.1%) were anchored to the individual chromosomes with a total of 19 centromeres identified, matching the exact chromosome count of B. napus. The repeat sequences in the A and C subgenomes in B. napus expanded significantly from 500 000 years ago, especially over the last 100 000 years. These young and recently amplified LTR‐RTs showed dispersed chromosomal distribution but significantly preferentially clustered into centromeric regions. We exhaustively annotated the nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) gene repertoire, yielding a total of 597 NLR genes in B. napus genome and 17.4% of which are paired (head‐to‐head arrangement). Based on the resequencing data of 991 B. napus accessions, we have identified 18 759 245 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and detected a large number of genomic regions under selective sweep among the three major ecotype groups (winter, semi‐winter and spring) in B. napus. We found 49 NLR genes and five NLR gene pairs colocated in selective sweep regions with different ecotypes, suggesting a rapid diversification of NLR genes during the domestication of B. napus. The high quality of our B. napus 'ZS11' genome assembly could serve as an important resource for the study of rapeseed genomics and reveal the genetic variations associated with important agronomic traits.
Renal function in short‐statured children born small for gestational age and treated with growth hormone
Authors: Koizumi Mikiko , Ida Shinobu , Shoji Yasuko , Etani Yuri , Kawai Masanobu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundChildren born small for gestational age (SGA), particularly when associated with an extremely low birthweight (ELBW), have a higher risk of renal dysfunction. Growth hormone (GH) treatment is used to treat short‐statured children born SGA; however, its effects on renal function remain elusive, especially in those born SGA with ELBW.MethodsShort‐statured children born SGA (N = 42) were included. Subjects were subdivided into two groups based on their birthweight: the ELBW group (N = 15) with a birthweight of <1,000 g, and the non‐ELBW group (N = 27) with birthweights ranging between 1,000 and 2,500 g. The creatinine‐based estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) before (pre‐eGFR) and 5 years after GH treatment (post‐eGFR) were compared. Correlations between eGFR, anthropometric, or birth parameters, and cumulative GH dose were evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.ResultsThe ELBW group had a lower pre‐ and post‐eGFR than the non‐ELBW group. Five‐year GH treatment did not significantly reduce eGFR in either group. Post‐eGFR was positively associated with gestational week and birthweight. However, the cumulative GH dose was not correlated with pre‐eGFR, post‐eGFR, or percentage change in eGFR (%ΔeGFR). The change in bodyweight standard deviation score during GH treatment was positively correlated with %ΔeGFR in the ELBW group.ConclusionsThe current results indicated that GH treatment was unlikely a risk for the reduction in eGFR in short‐statured children born SGA. However, eGFR should be carefully monitored, especially in those born SGA with ELBW because these subjects had lower eGFR than non‐ELBW subjects.
Empowering patients to adhere to their treatment regimens: A multifaceted approach
Authors: Pruette Cozumel S. , Amaral Sandra 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIt is well‐recognized that adolescence and early adulthood are a high‐risk period for non‐adherence with treatment regimens in solid organ transplant recipients, leading to high rates of rejection and graft loss (Transplantation, 92, 2011, 1237; Pediatr Transplant, 9, 2005, 381; Transplantation, 77, 2004, 769). Preventing medication non‐adherence is the holy grail of transplant adolescent care. If we can determine how best to support our patients in taking their daily medications as prescribed, we can improve long‐term health, reduce need for re‐transplantation, and reduce healthcare costs. In the last few years, several studies have provided us with additional insights into potentially effective interventions and have highlighted existing gaps in knowledge. This article reviews recent literature published over the last 5 years on the topic of adherence in transplant recipients, highlighting insights and opportunities to promote adherence at the individual patient level, family level, healthcare system level, and community level. Above all, the recent work that is highlighted suggests that adherence interventions for prevention and treatment must be multifaceted, individualized, and longitudinal to be effective.