bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory and chemical characteristics of tomato juice from fresh market cultivars with comparison to commercial tomato juice
Authors: Koltun Stephen J. , MacIntosh Andrew J. , Goodrich‐Schneider Renee M. , Klee Harry J. , Hutton Samuel F. , Sarnoski Paul J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFlorida tomatoes are primarily produced for the fresh market and have not been widely used in processed tomato products. This study tested six Florida fresh market tomato cultivars (FLA 8083, FLA 8297, FLA 8344, FLA 8570, FLA 8924 and Garden Gem) to determine suitability for juice production. Genetic and environmental‐induced variation was studied, and analyses identified metabolites that influenced the perceptual and hedonic responses of tomato juice. Each cultivar was processed into juice by hot breaking at 86 ˚C for 3.5 minutes and then pasteurization at 121 ˚C for 42 seconds for a shelf stable product. Among the six pilot products, FLA 8344 cultivar had significantly higher soluble solids content and titratable acidity in all three experiments. The pH of each of the tomato juices made from fresh market tomatoes was within or below the typical range for tomato juice. Garden Gem was consistently rated significantly (P ≤ .05) higher for aroma, overall liking, tomato flavour, texture and overall flavour. In all three experiments, tomato juice from a fresh market cultivar simultaneously had the greatest abundance of green‐note volatiles (hexanal, 1‐hexanol, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, etc) and the lowest abundance of cooked‐note volatiles (dimethyl sulphide, methional and furfural). Consumer acceptance increased as salt concentration increased and while season had minor effects on the chemical composition of the juice, consumers preferred the Spring processed tomato juice over Fall.
Aspirin use predicts prolonged survival in patients with oropharyngeal cancer: Nationwide Veterans Affairs database study
Authors: Clark Christine M. , Newark Annemarie C. , Fokar Ali , Maxwell Jessica H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSingle‐institution studies suggest that aspirin reduces the risk of death in head and neck cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aspirin use on overall survival (OS) in veterans with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC).MethodsA total of 23 083 veterans with OPC were identified between 2005 and 2018 from the Veterans Health Administration Corporate Data Warehouse. Records were queried for clinical‐demographic data, aspirin prescriptions, and outcomes. Three‐year OS was estimated. A Cox model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for aspirin use.ResultsAmong the 23 083 identified veterans, 17 206 veterans met inclusion criteria. 21.8% used aspirin. Three‐year OS was prolonged for aspirin users (66%) compared to nonaspirin users (54%; P < .001). Adjusted HR for death for nonaspirin users was 1.75 (95% confidence interval (CI) [1.60‐1.91]). The average treatment effect of aspirin on survival using inverse probability weighting was 10% (95% CI [0.08‐0.11]).ConclusionAspirin use following OPC diagnosis was independently associated with improved 3‐year OS among veterans nationwide.
Application of a monitoring and evaluation method in irrigation water efficiency*
Authors: Baoqing Feng , Jing Cui , Qianming Wu , Zhenzhong Han 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWater‐saving irrigation is of high priority in China for alleviation of the water resource supply–demand contradiction. Consequently, the objectives of irrigation water efficiency (IWE) are specified in policies at the macro scale such as national economic and social development programmes and national evaluation systems of water resources management. To scientifically evaluate IWE and water‐saving irrigation efficiency and to overcome the limitations of traditional IWE evaluation methods (e.g. numerous steps and not very practical), this study presents a normative and easy‐to‐use measurement and analysis method for IWE, specifically, head and end measurement. An IWE monitoring network, comprising more than 3700 irrigation districts on national and regional scales, was developed to dynamically monitor the variation in IWE of sample irrigation districts of different sizes and types from 2008 to 2018. The monitoring results provide technical support and scientific evidence for the formulation of water conservation policies and management at the macro scale of the water conservation sector. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental cadmium exposure and noncancer mortality in a general Japanese population in cadmium nonpolluted regions
Authors: Suwazono Yasushi , Nogawa Kazuhiro , Sakurai Masaru , Watanabe Yuuka , Nishijo Muneko , Ishizaki Masao , Morikawa Yuko , Kido Teruhiko , Nakagawa Hideaki 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the effect of environmental cadmium exposure according to urinary cadmium concentration (U‐Cd) on noncancer mortality in a general Japanese population. We conducted a longitudinal study for 19 years in 2804 inhabitants (1107 men and 1697 women) in some cadmium nonpolluted regions in Japan. The participants were classified into quartiles based on U‐Cd (μg/g cre) adjusted for urinary creatinine. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for continuous U‐Cd or the quartiles of U‐Cd were calculated for noncancer mortality. By applying a Fine and Gray competing risk model, continuous U‐Cd (+1 μg/g cre) showed significant HR for cardiocerebrovascular diseases (HR 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00–1.11), cerebrovascular diseases (HR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01–1.16), and cerebral infarction (HR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04–1.20) in men. However, notable significant HR for continuous and quartered U‐Cd were not observed in women. In this study, U‐Cd was associated with increased cardiocerebrovascular mortality in a general Japanese population, suggesting that environmental cadmium exposure is detrimental to the life prognosis in cadmium nonpolluted regions in Japan.
Inhibition of Class IIa HDACs improves endothelial barrier function in endotoxin‐induced acute lung injury
Authors: Kovacs‐Kasa Anita , Kovacs Laszlo , Cherian‐Shaw Mary , Patel Vijay , Meadows Mary L. , Fulton David J. , Su Yunchao , Verin Alexander D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) is an acute inflammatory process arises from a wide range of lung insults. A major cause of ALI is dysfunction of the pulmonary vascular endothelial barrier but the mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. The therapeutic potential of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors for the treatment of cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases is increasingly apparent, but the mechanisms by which HDACs regulate pulmonary vascular barrier function remain to be resolved. We found that specific Class IIa HDACs inhibitor, TMP269, significantly attenuated the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC) barrier compromise in vitro and improved vascular barrier integrity and lung function in murine model of ALI in vivo. TMP269 decreased LPS‐induced myosin light chain phosphorylation suggesting the role for Class IIa HDACs in LPS‐induced cytoskeleton reorganization. TMP269 did not affect microtubule structure and tubulin acetylation in contrast to the HDAC6‐specific inhibitor, Tubastatin A suggesting that Class IIa HDACs and HDAC6 (Class IIb) regulate endothelial cytoskeleton and permeability via different mechanisms. Furthermore, LPS increased the expression of ArgBP2 which has recently been attributed to HDAC‐mediated activation of Rho. Depletion of ArgBP2 abolished the ability of LPS to disrupt barrier function in HLMVEC and both TMP269 and Tubastatin A decreased the level of ArgBP2 expression after LPS stimulation suggesting that both Class IIa and IIb HDACs regulate endothelial permeability via ArgBP2‐dependent mechanism. Collectively, our data strongly suggest that Class IIa HDACs are involved in LPS‐induced ALI in vitro and in vivo via specific mechanism which involved contractile responses, but not microtubule reorganization.
Analyzing the shear‐induced sensitization of mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo‐1 in human aortic endothelial cells
Authors: Lai Austin , Chen Yung C. , Cox Charles D. , Jaworowski Anthony , Peter Karlheinz , Baratchi Sara 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMechanosensitive ion channels mediate endothelial responses to blood flow and orchestrate their physiological function in response to hemodynamic forces. In this study, we utilized microfluidic technologies to study the shear‐induced sensitization of endothelial Piezo‐1 to its selective agonist, Yoda‐1. We demonstrated that shear stress‐induced sensitization is brief and can be impaired when exposing aortic endothelial cells to low and proatherogenic levels of shear stress. Our results suggest that shear stress‐induced sensitization of Piezo‐1 to Yoda‐1 is independent of cell–cell adhesion and is mediated by the PI3K‐AKT signaling pathway. We also found that shear stress increases the membrane density of Piezo‐1 channels in endothelial cells. To further confirm our findings, we performed experiments using a carotid artery ligation mouse model and demonstrated that transient changes in blood‐flow pattern, resulting from a high‐degree ligation of the mouse carotid artery alters the distribution of Piezo‐1 channels across the endothelial layer. These results suggest that shear stress influences the function of Piezo‐1 channels via changes in membrane density, providing a new model of shear‐stress sensitivity for Piezo‐1 ion channel.
Ten‐m/Odz3 regulates migration and differentiation of chondrogenic ATDC5 cells via RhoA‐mediated actin reorganization
Authors: Takano Ikuko , Takeshita Nobuo , Yoshida Michiko , Seki Daisuke , Oyanagi Toshihito , Kimura Seiji , Jiang Wei , Sasaki Kiyo , Sogi Chisumi , Kawatsu Masayoshi , Takano‐Yamamoto Teruko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTenascin‐like molecule major (Ten‐m)/odd Oz (Odz), a type II transmembrane molecule, is well known to modulate neural development. We have reported that Ten‐m/Odz3 is expressed in cartilaginous tissues and cells. Actin cytoskeleton and its regulator ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) are closely associated with chondrogenesis. The present study aimed to evaluate the function and molecular mechanism of Ten‐m/Odz3 during chondrogenesis, focusing on RhoA and the actin cytoskeleton. Ten‐m/Odz3 was expressed in precartilaginous condensing mesenchyme in mouse limb buds. Ten‐m/Odz3 knockdown in ATDC5 induced actin cytoskeleton reorganization and change of cell shape through modulation of RhoA activity and FGF2 expression. Ten‐m/Odz3 knockdown suppressed ATDC5 migration and expression of genes associated with chondrogenesis, such as Sox9 and type II collagen, via RhoA. On the other hand, Ten‐m/Odz3 knockdown inhibited proliferation of ATDC5 in a RhoA‐independent manner. These findings suggest that Ten‐m/Odz3 plays an important role in early chondrogenesis regulating RhoA‐mediated actin reorganization.
The oncogenic potential of NANOG: An important cancer induction mediator
Authors: Najafzadeh Basira , Asadzadeh Zahra , Motafakker Azad Rohollah , Mokhtarzadeh Ahad , Baghbanzadeh Amir , Alemohammad Hajar , Abdoli Shadbad Mahdi , Vasefifar Parisa , Najafi Souzan , Baradaran Behzad 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) are a unique population in the tumor, but they only comprise 2%–5% of the tumor bulk. Although CSCs share several features with embryonic stem cells, CSCs can give rise to the tumor cells. CSCs overexpress embryonic transcription factor NANOG, which is downregulated in differentiated tissues. This transcription factor confers CSC's stemness, unlimited self‐renewal, metastasis, invasiveness, angiogenesis, and drug‐resistance with the assistance of WNT, OCT4, SOX2, Hedgehog, BMI‐1, and other complexes. NANOG facilitates CSCs development via multiple pathways, like angiogenesis and lessening E‐cadherin expression levels, which paves the road for metastasis. Moreover, NANOG represses apoptosis and leads to drug‐resistance. This review aims to highlight the pivotal role of NANOG and the pertained pathways in CSCs. Also, this current study intends to demonstrate that targeting NANOG can dimmish the CSCs, sensitize the tumor to chemotherapy, and eradicate the cancer cells.
Glucagon‐like peptide 2 attenuates intestinal mucosal barrier injury through the MLCK/pMLC signaling pathway in a piglet model
Authors: Chang Yaqi , Deng Qiuhong , Zhang Zhenyu , Zhao Hua , Tang Jiayong , Chen Xiaoling , Liu Guangmang , Tian Gang , Cai Jingyi , Jia Gang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGlucagon‐like peptide‐2 (GLP‐2), an intestinotrophic hormone, has drawn considerable attention worldwide due to its potential to promote intestinal development. We investigated the effects and mechanisms of GLP‐2 against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced intestinal inflammation and injury both in vitro and in vivo. Forty healthy piglets weaned at the age of 28 days with similar body weight (BW) were assigned to four in vivo treatments with ten piglets each: (i) nonchallenged control; (ii) LPS‐challenged control; (iii) LPS + low dose GLP‐2; and (iv) LPS + high dose GLP‐2. Piglets were subcutaneously injected with phosphate‐buffered saline supplemented with GLP‐2 at doses of 0, 0, 2, and 10 nmol/kg BW per day for seven consecutive days. The piglets were challenged with an intraperitoneal injection with 100 μg/kg LPS on day 14 to induce intestinal damage. After that, the gene and protein expression levels of representative tight junction proteins and myosin light‐chain kinase (MLCK)/phosphorylated myosin light chain (pMLC), as well as proinflammatory cytokine levels were determined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay methods. A high dose of GLP‐2 pretreatment increased intestinal permeability by downregulating and redistributing tight junction proteins (p < .05), for example, zona occluden‐1 (ZO‐1) and occludin. GLP‐2 decreased the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines genes including interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, IL‐8, and tumor necrosis factor‐α in small intestines (p < .05). GLP‐2 prevented the LPS‐induced increase in the expression of MLCK dose‐dependently and the increase in pMLC levels in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. To assess further the protective effect of GLP‐2 on LPS‐induced intestinal barrier injury after weaning and its possible mechanism, an in vitro intestinal epithelial barrier model was established with IPEC‐J2 monolayers and treated with 100 μg/ml LPS with or without 1 × 10−8 mol/L GLP‐2 pretreatment. The in vitro analysis included control, LPS, and GLP‐2 + LPS treatments. GLP‐2 treatment alleviated the destructive effect of LPS on barrier permeability by restoring the expression and ultrastructure of ZO‐1 and occludin (p < .05). In addition, GLP‐2 reversed the LPS‐induced MLCK hyperexpression and pMLC hyperphosphorylation (p < .05). Taken together, our findings revealed a mechanism by which GLP‐2 alleviated LPS‐challenged intestinal barrier injury and inflammation in weaned piglets and IPEC‐J2 cells via the MLCK/pMLC signaling pathway.
Nigerian undergraduate dental students’ knowledge, perception, and attitude to COVID‐19 and infection control practices
Authors: Umeizudike Kehinde Adesola , Isiekwe Ikenna Gerald , Fadeju Adeyemi Dada , Akinboboye Bolanle Oyeyemi , Aladenika Emmanuel Temitope 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurpose/objectivesThe current coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) pandemic has affected most countries. Infection, Prevention, and Control training is important in mitigating the spread of COVID‐19. The closure of universities by the Nigerian government has hampered academic activities of dental students. Our objectives were to assess the knowledge, perception, and attitude of undergraduate dental students in Nigeria to the COVID‐19 pandemic and infection control practices.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of undergraduate clinical dental students from the dental schools in Nigeria. Self‐administered questionnaires were distributed to participants using an online data collection platform. Correct responses to the 45‐item questionnaire on COVID‐19 knowledge were scored to determine their knowledge level. A Likert scale of 1‐5 was used to assess the 13‐item perception and attitude questions. The level of significance was set at P values ≤ 0.05.ResultsA total of 102 undergraduate clinical dental students participated in the study. Males represented 54.9%, and mean age was 25.3 ± 2.4 years. Fifty percent of the students had adequate knowledge of COVID‐19. Final‐year students (58.1%) demonstrated more adequate knowledge of COVID‐19 than penultimate‐year students (28.6%, P = 0.008). Most (95.1%) respondents had positive attitudes towards infection control practices against COVID‐19.ConclusionAlthough the clinical dental students had a positive attitude to infection control practices against COVID‐19, the overall knowledge of COVID‐19 was barely adequate. Guidelines on COVID‐19 from reputable health authorities should be reviewed by dental school authorities and disseminated to the students to suit their clinical practice.
Intrinsic physicochemical interactions of calcium hydroxide‐based medications
Authors: Uslu Okan , Dikmen Gokhan , Orhan Ekim Onur 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo investigate intrinsic physicochemical properties and interactions of three different calcium hydroxide‐based medications via means of different analytical methods. Two‐commercial premixed medications: TempCanal(TCmx) and ProCalR(PCmx) and powder‐form ProCal(PCpw) with glycerin were used. Vibrational modes were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. Spectral mapping of samples was carried out using characteristic vibrational modes of calcium hydroxide and barium sulfate. Crystalline and amorphous phases were studied with X‐rays powder diffraction analysis. Topographic features were examined by scanning electron microscope examination and quantitative analysis was determined using energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis. Strong OH stretch of in Raman spectra were observed at 3,697 and 3,615 cm−1 for TCmx and reference, respectively. However, OH mode was not observed for PCmx and PCpw. Moreover, some peaks in the fingerprint areas of TCmx and PCpw overlapped with each other. The characteristic vibration bands of barium sulfate and calcium hydroxide were observed in all samples, and no new peak was observed in the Raman spectra of samples. Calcium hydroxide‐based medications were seen as differed in their chemical composition. No new crystalline or amorphous phase peak was observed. Only calcium hydroxide and barium sulfate were matched in X‐rays powder‐diffraction analysis. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis showed that amount of Ba and S elements in the PCpw were lower than TCmx and PCmx whereas, for Ca in the PCpw was higher than TCmx and PCmx. The present study revealed the structural difference among different forms of calcium hydroxide‐based medications. The vehicle and substrates of the tested medications altered the physicochemical properties of the compound via electrostatic interactions.
Glucocorticoids, energy metabolites, and immunity vary across allostatic states for plateau side‐blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana uniformis) residing in a heterogeneous thermal environment
Authors: Hudson Spencer B. , Lidgard Audrey D. , French Susannah S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReptiles rely on thermal heat exchange to achieve body temperatures (Tbody) conducive to maintaining homeostasis. Diurnal changes in the thermal environment are therefore liable to influence allostatic mediation of survival processes (e.g., immunity) during environmental challenges or stressors. However, the extent to which Tbody prompts individual variation in physiology remains largely unexplored in reptiles. Our study tested how circulating energy‐mobilizing hormone, energy metabolites, and immunity can vary across basal and stress‐induced allostatic states for plateau side‐blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana uniformis) residing in a heterogeneous thermal environment. We collected baseline and acute stress blood samples from male lizards to compare changes in plasma corticosterone (CORT), glucose, and bacterial killing ability (BKA) in relation to each other and Tbody. We hypothesized each physiological parameter differs between allostatic states, whereby stress‐induced activity increases from baseline. At basal and stress‐induced states, we also hypothesized circulating CORT, glucose, and BKA directly correspond with each other and Tbody. We found both CORT and BKA increased while glucose instead decreased from acute stress. At basal and stress‐induced allostatic states, we found CORT to be directly related to Tbody while BKA was inversely related to CORT. We also found BKA and glucose were directly related at baseline, but inversely related following acute stress. Overall, these results demonstrate allostatic outcomes from acute stress in a free‐living reptile and the role of temperature in mediating energetic state and immunity. Future research on reptilian allostasis should consider multiple environmental conditions and their implications for physiological performance and survival.
An impact of dietary intervention on blood pressures among diabetic and/or hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular disorders risk in northern Thailand by cluster randomized trial
Authors: Yokokawa Hirohide , Yuasa Motoyuki , Nedsuwan Supalert , Moolphate Saiyud , Fukuda Hiroshi , Kitajima Tsutomu , Minematsu Kazuo , Tanimura Susumu , Marui Eiji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundGlobal sodium intake remains above the recommended levels to control blood pressure (BP). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a dietary intervention on BP through salt reduction among community‐dwelling participants with high risk of cardiovascular disorders (CVD).MethodsThis cluster randomized trial (February 2012 to January 2013) included cooking instruction using the pocket salt meter among patients with diabetes and/or hypertension who were treated at health center in Thailand. Based on health centers, 8 clusters of eligible participants were randomly allocated to the 4 intervention and 4 control groups. Dietary intervention was performed at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months in intervention group. In both groups, systolic and diastolic BPs, and estimated 24 hours salt intake based on overnight urine samples were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months.ResultsA total of 753 participants were enrolled (374 in the intervention group and 379 in the control group). In the mixed‐effects model, there were significant difference in SBP and estimated salt intake after adjusting covariates at 6 months (adjusted differences between groups [95% CI]; −7.55 [−5.61 to −9.49] mm Hg P < .01; −0.66 [−0.40 to −0.92] g/day P = .03). However, these differences were not observed at 12 months (adjusted differences between groups [95% CI]; −1.83 [0.34 to −4.00] mm Hg P = .48; −0.42 [−0.17 to −0.67] g/day P = .16). There were no differences in DBP in both follow‐ups.ConclusionsThese results may suggest the effectiveness of a visually based dietary intervention targeting salt intake reduction in short term, but the effectiveness discontinued in long term.Clinical trial number: The International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Register (ISRCTN39416277) on January 3, 2012.