bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of and attitudes toward clinical trials in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-Rawashdeh Nedal , Damsees Rana , Al-Jeraisy Majed , Al Qasim Eman , Deeb Ahmad M 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesClinical trials (CTs) are considered an important method for developing new treatments and providing access to potentially effective drugs that are still under investigation. Measuring the public’s knowledge of and attitudes toward CTs is important for assessing their readiness for and acceptance of human drug testing, which has previously not been assessed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The objective of this study is to explore the Saudi public’s knowledge of and attitudes toward CTs as well as participation in trials to test new or approved drugs.DesignCross-sectional.SettingThe 2016 Al Jenadriyah cultural/heritage festival in Riyadh, KSA.ParticipantsParticipating booths and exhibition halls, as well as festival visitors, were approached to participate in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresKnowledge of and attitudes toward CTs.ResultsThe final number of participants was 938. The responses were converted to a percentage mean score (out of 100) for each knowledge-related response and attitude. The total mean knowledge score was 56.8±24.8 and the attitude-related score was 61.5±28.0. Although most of the participants supported testing approved or off-label and new drugs on adult and paediatric patients, only a third (30.5%) agreed that new drugs could be tested on healthy volunteers. The results indicated that gender, educational level, income, medical background, age and health insurance were independently associated with the level of knowledge of CTs. In terms of attitudes toward CTs, the factors that were independently associated were gender, educational level and medical background.ConclusionsThe Saudi public has a low level of knowledge and a moderately positive attitude toward CTs. There is a moderate positive correlation between the two factors such that as knowledge of CTs increases, the Saudi public will hold more positive attitudes toward CTs.
Did an urban perinatal health programme in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, reduce adverse perinatal outcomes? Register-based retrospective cohort study
Authors: de Jonge Hendrik CC , Lagendijk Jacqueline , Saha Unnati , Been Jasper V , Burdorf Alex 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesTo study the effect of an urban perinatal health programme in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, on perinatal outcomes.DesignA retrospective cohort study with difference-in-differences analysis using individual-level perinatal outcome data from the Dutch Perinatal Registry 2003–2014 linked to Central Bureau of Statistics data of migration background and individual disposable household income.InterventionThe programme consisted of perinatal health promotion, risk selection and risk-guided pregnancy care, and a new primary care child birth centre. The programme was implemented during 2009–2012.Primary outcome measuresWe compared trends in perinatal mortality, preterm delivery and small-for-gestational-age births between targeted urban neighbourhoods in Rotterdam (n=61 415) and all other urban neighbourhoods in the Netherlands (n=881 202). The effect of the programme was modelled as a change in trend of each perinatal outcome in the treatment group post intervention compared with the control population from January 2010 onwards. All analyses were adjusted for maternal age, parity, ethnicity and individual-level low socioeconomic status (SES). We also conducted a stratified analysis by SES.ResultsDuring 2003–2014, downward trends in perinatal mortality (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.9439 per year, 95% CI 0.9362 to 0.9517), preterm birth (aOR 0.9970 per year, 95% CI 0.9944 to 0.9997) and small-for-gestational-age births (aOR 0.9809 per year, 95% CI 0.9787 to 0.9831) in the entire study population were observed. No demonstrable changes in these trends were found in the intervention group after the programme had started. The stratified analyses by SES showed no changes in trends post intervention in both strata either.ConclusionsThe programme had no demonstrable effects on perinatal outcomes. The intervention may not have reached a sufficient proportion of the population or has provided too little contrast to the widespread attention for inequalities in pregnancy outcomes occurring simultaneously in the Netherlands.
Cohort profile: the Biology, Affect, Stress, Imaging and Cognition (BASIC) study on perinatal depression in a population-based Swedish cohort
Authors: Axfors Cathrine , Bränn Emma , Henriksson Hanna E , Hellgren Charlotte , Kunovac Kallak Theodora , Fransson Emma , Lager Susanne , Iliadis Stavros I , Sylvén Sara , Papadopoulos Fotios C , Ekselius Lisa , Sundström-Poromaa Inger , Skalkidou Alkistis 
Published: October 2019

PurposeWith the population-based, prospective Biology, Affect, Stress, Imaging and Cognition (BASIC) cohort, we aim to investigate the biopsychosocial aetiological processes involved in perinatal depression (PND) and to pinpoint its predictors in order to improve early detection.ParticipantsFrom September 2009 to November 2018, the BASIC study at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, has enrolled 5492 women, in 6478 pregnancies, of which 46.3% first-time pregnancies and with an average age of 31.5 years. After inclusion around gestational week 16–18, participants are followed-up with data collection points around gestational week 32, at childbirth, as well as three times postpartum: after 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year. At the last follow-up, 70.8% still remain in the cohort.Findings to dateIn addition to internet-based surveys with self-report instruments, participants contribute with biological samples, for example, blood samples (maternal and from umbilical cord), biopsies (umbilical cord and placenta) and microbiota samples. A nested case–control subsample also takes part in cognitive and emotional tests, heart rate variability tests and bioimpedance tests. Subprojects have identified various correlates of PND of psychological and obstetric origin in addition to factors of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and immune system.Future plansIn parallel with the completion of data collection (final follow-up November 2019), BASIC study data are currently analysed in multiple subprojects. Since 2012, we are conducting an ongoing follow-up study on the participants and their children up to 6 years of age (U-BIRTH). Researchers interested in collaboration may contact Professor Alkistis Skalkidou (corresponding author) with their request to be considered by the BASIC study steering committee.
Clinically meaningful visual improvements and predictors of early vision gains with ranibizumab for diabetic macular oedema
Authors: Morse Lawrence , Yau Linda , Tuomi Lisa 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo determine the time to first clinically meaningful improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in patients treated with ranibizumab for diabetic macular oedema (DME) and identify predictors of early visual improvement.Methods and analysisWe retrospectively analysed the phase III RIDE (NCT00473382) and RISE (NCT00473330) trials, in which 759 patients with DME were randomised to monthly intravitreal ranibizumab 0.3 mg (n=250), ranibizumab 0.5 mg (n=252) or sham treatment (n=257). After month 24, 191 sham-treated patients crossed over to monthly ranibizumab 0.5 mg through month 36, while ranibizumab-treated patients continued treatment. Kaplan-Meier analyses assessed time to achieve ≥15 or ≥10 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letter gains from baseline or ≥20/40 Snellen equivalent BCVA in each treatment arm. Baseline predictors of ≥15 ETDRS letter gains at month 6 were identified by logistic regression.ResultsMedian time to first ≥15 ETDRS letter gain was significantly shorter in patients who received ranibizumab (0.3 mg, 11.1 months; 0.5 mg, 10.9 months) than sham-treated patients who crossed over to ranibizumab 0.5 mg at month 24 (35.7 months; both p<0.0001). Half of ranibizumab-treated patients achieved ≥20/40 BCVA within 2.3 (0.3 mg) and 1.9 months (0.5 mg). Baseline predictors of early vision improvement among ranibizumab-treated patients were BCVA ≤55 ETDRS letters, younger age and presence of subretinal fluid.ConclusionPrompt ranibizumab therapy for DME was associated with rapid, clinically meaningful vision gains that were maintained over 36 months of treatment. Lower BCVA, younger age and presence of subretinal fluid were predictive of early vision improvement.
Probing the strange content of the proton with charm production in charged current at LHeC
Authors:   XFITTER Developers’ team:, Abdolmaleki Hamed , Bertone Valerio , Britzger Daniel , Camarda Stefano , Cooper-Sarkar Amanda , Geiser Achim , Giuli Francesco , Glazov Alexander , Luszczak Agnieszka , Novikov Ivan , Olness Fred , Sapronov Andrey , Zenaiev Oleksandr 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We study charm production in charged-current deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) using the xFitter framework. Recent results from the LHC have focused renewed attention on the determination of the strange-quark parton distribution function (PDF), and the DIS charm process provides important complementary constraints on this quantity. We examine the current PDF uncertainty and use LHeC pseudodata to estimate the potential improvement from this proposed facility. As xFitter implements both fixed-flavor- and variable-flavor-number schemes, we can compare the impact of these different theoretical choices; this highlights some interesting aspects of multi-scale calculations. We find that the high-statistics LHeC data covering a wide kinematic range could substantially reduce the strange PDF uncertainty.
THE DECENTRALIZING INTERNATIONAL TRADE ARCHITECTURE: PERSPECTIVES FROM AND ROLE OF ASIA
Authors: RANA PRADUMNA B. , CHIA WAI-MUN , JI XIANBAI 
Published: October 2019

Global economic governance is in flux. The centralized international trade architecture of the post-Bretton Woods era is decentralizing as new regional institutions are being established for various reasons. Decentralization per se is neither good nor bad. It depends on whether there is “healthy” competition and functional complementarity or “unhealthy” competition between global and new regional institutions. This paper has three objectives, to: (i) review the decentralization of the international trade architecture; (ii) identify the benefits and the risks of the decentralization process and its implications for the centrality of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and (iii) recommend policies for the WTO to manage the process. The paper argues that, so far, the benefits of new regional institutions and trade decentralization appear to have outweighed the risks, and as a result global economic governance may have improved. Looking ahead, the paper recommends a number of policy actions that the WTO should take to manage trade decentralization. The paper argues that Asian countries, especially those that are members of the G20, should play a greater role in lobbying and driving the needed reforms of the WTO. They should also seek to expedite the conclusion and ratification of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and eventually institutionalize the complementarity between RCEP, the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
Long-range dispersion-corrected density functional for noncovalent interactions
Authors: Tang Hong , Tao Jianmin 
Published: October 2019

Noncovalent interactions are important in determining structures and properties of molecular complexes and biological molecules, and for understanding adsorption processes in chemistry and biological science, and are still challenging to conventional density functional theories. In this work, the recently developed Tao-Mo (TM) meta-GGA (generalized gradient approximation) functional is combined with the D3 scheme of long-range van der Waals (vdW) interaction correction and the parameters of damping function are optimized with the S66[Formula: see text]×[Formula: see text]8 set. The resulting TM-D3 method is applied to the medium-sized molecular set S22 and large size molecular complexes set L7 to calculate intramolecular interaction energies. The TM-D3 method produces the best accuracy for the S22 set with a MAE of 0.2 kcal/mol, improving upon the PBE-D3 (MAE[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]0.5 kcal/mol), PBE0-D3 (MAE[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]0.5 kcal/mol), TPSS-D3 (MAE[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]0.4 kcal/mol), M06L (MAE[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]0.8 kcal/mol), and SCAN-D3 (MAE[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]0.4 kcal/mol) methods. For the large size set L7, the TM-D3 (MAE[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]2.1 kcal/mol) also performs better than the PBE-D3 (MAE[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]2.6 kcal/mol), SCAN-D3 (2.5 kcal/mol) and M06L (3.0 kcal/mol), but not accurate than the PBE0-D3 (MAE[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]0.8 kcal/mol) and TPSS-D3 (MAE[Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]1.1 kcal/mol). However, overall, the TM-D3 method performs very well with an error of 2.7% of mean binding of the S22 set and an error of 12.6% of the mean binding of the L7 set for the two typical and important medium and large size molecular complex sets. The success of the dispersion-corrected TM functional benefits from the ability of the plain TM functional to capture the short-range vdW interaction or extend the short-range interaction to the middle range, and the right coupling between the TM and the long-range vdW correction D3 scheme, leading to the improved description of noncovalent interactions.
Graphene-based tunable bandpass guided-mode resonance mid-infrared filter
Authors: Feng Sujuan , Liao Yan-Lin , Zhao Yan 
Published: October 2019

We report a tunable bandpass mid-infrared filter with microstructure and graphene, and the transmission peaks can be tuned from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] when the graphene’s Fermi level increases from 0.2 eV to 1.0 eV. This bandpass mid-infrared filter is originated from the guided-mode resonance (GMR) effect, and the tunable mechanism is mainly attributed to the change of the refractive index of the graphene. This tunable mid-infrared filter can be applied in non-dispersive infrared analyzer.
Space for Calaspargase? A New Asparaginase for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Lew Glen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In December 2018, the FDA approved calaspargase pegol-mknl (Asperlas, Servier Pharmaceuticals) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children and young adults up to age 21. Asparaginase is a critical component in the treatment of ALL, but the niche for calaspargase within current treatment protocols is unclear.
See related article by Li et al., p. 328
Moses or Meddler? CMS Missionary J.R. Wolfe in Post-Tianjin Treaty Fujian
Authors: Ward Martin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
By 1920 Fujian became one of the most missiologically prominent regions in China. This article examines the development of the veteran missionary of the Church Missionary Society, J.R. Wolfe’s missiological ideology in relation to the implementation of the Treaty of Tianjin in Fujian from 1862–1878. Amidst considerable frustration at perceived scant manpower and finances commensurate to his evangelistic zeal, he discovered the expedience of consular intervention in cases of persecution and came to seek it as a matter of course. His subsequent experiential epiphany of the British Government’s slighting of the articles in the Treaty relating to the safeguarding of the missionary enterprise exacerbated his sense of frustration. This article argues that the disparity between his hagiographical title of “Moses of Fujian” and the controversy surrounding his politicalness is irreconcilable, and that the example of Wolfe demonstrates the complexities of the evolution of missionary ideology and the importance of a thorough archival reappraisal.
Surgical Instrument Optimization to Reduce Instrument Processing and Operating Room Setup Time
Authors: Crosby Lauren , Lortie Eric , Rotenberg Brian , Sowerby Leigh 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveAs health care expenditures rise, novel ways to increase efficiency are sought. The operating room (OR) represents an area where there is opportunity to optimize work flow and supply use. Evidence suggests that instrument redundancy in the OR tends to be high and that direct cost savings can be achieved by “optimizing” surgical trays. The purpose of this study was to quantify the potential time savings associated with surgical tray optimization.MethodsInstrument utilization was reviewed for 4 procedures: tonsillectomy, sinus surgery, septoplasty, and septorhinoplasty. Instruments used in <20% of cases were excluded. Data on tray assembly time in the central processing department and instrument setup time in the OR were prospectively collected over a 3‐month period before and after tray optimization. Student’s t test (α = 0.05) was used to determine whether times were significantly different following optimization.ResultsTray assembly times were found to be significantly shorter following optimization, with percentage reduction in time ranging from 58% to 66% (P <. 05). In the OR, percentage reduction in setup time ranged from 26% to 37% (P <. 05). Variability in assembly and setup times was also found to be narrower postoptimization.DiscussionTray optimization may reduce stress and adverse events and allow managers to better estimate staffing requirements. Cost‐benefits could not be determined given a limited understanding of how departments choose to redistribute time savings.Implications for PracticeMeasurable and significant time savings can be achieved by assessing instrument utilization rates and reducing tray redundancy, leading to lower performance variability and improved efficiency.
Alcohol myopia and the distracting effects of hair in face recognition
Authors: Harvey Alistair J , Tomlinson Danny A 
Published: October 2019

Background: According to alcohol myopia theory, alcohol reduces cognitive resources and restricts the drinker’s attention to only the more prominent aspects of a visual scene. As human hairstyles are often salient and serve as important facial recognition cues, we consider whether alcohol restricts attention to this region of faces upon initial viewing. Aims: Participants with higher breath alcohol concentrations just prior to encoding a series of unfamiliar faces were expected to be poorer than more sober counterparts at recognising the internal but not external features of those faces at test. Methods: Drinkers in a nearby bar ( n=76) were breathalysed and then shown a sequence of 21 full face photos. After a filled five-minute retention interval they completed a facial recognition task requiring them to identify the full, internal or external region of each of these among a sequence of 21 previously unseen (part or whole) faces. Results: As predicted, higher breath concentrations were associated with poorer discrimination of internal but not external face regions. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that alcohol restricts unfamiliar face encoding by narrowing the scope of attention to the exterior region of unfamiliar faces. This has important implications for drunk eyewitness accuracy, though further investigation is needed to see if the effect is mediated by gender, hair length and face feature distinctiveness.
Minimally invasive versus open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shi Hongbin , Li Jiangsong , Li Kui , Yang Xiaobo , Zhu Zaisheng , Tian Daxue 
Published: October 2019

Background We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive radical cystectomy (MIRC) versus open radical cystectomy (ORC) for bladder cancer. Methods We searched the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of MIRC versus ORC in the treatment of bladder cancer. Results Eight articles describing nine RCTs (803 patients) were analyzed. No significant differences were found between MIRC and ORC in two oncologic outcomes: the recurrence rate and mortality. Additionally, no significant differences were found in three pathologic outcomes: lymph node yield, positive lymph nodes, and positive surgical margins. With respect to perioperative outcomes, however, MIRC showed a significantly longer operating time, less estimated blood loss, lower blood transfusion rate, shorter time to regular diet, and shorter length of hospital stay than ORC. The incidence of complications was similar between the two techniques. We found no statistically significant differences in the above outcomes between robot-assisted radical cystectomy and ORC or between laparoscopic radical cystectomy and ORC with the exception of the complication rate. Conclusions MIRC is an effective and safe surgical approach in the treatment of bladder cancer. However, a large-scale multicenter RCT is needed to confirm these findings.
Predictors of episodic migraine transformation to chronic migraine: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohort studies
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Kong Fanyi , Buse Dawn C 
Published: October 2019

Background and purposeAn estimated 2.5–3.1% of people with episodic migraine develop chronic migraine in a year. Several risk factors are associated with an increased risk for this transformation. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide quantitative and qualitative data on predictors of this transformation.MethodsAn electronic search was conducted for published, prospective, cohort studies that reported risk factors for chronic migraine among people with episodic migraine. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Quality of evidence was determined according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. Effect estimates were retrieved and summarized using risk ratios.ResultsOf 5695 identified publications, 11 were eligible for inclusion. The pooled analysis (GRADE system) found “high” evidence for monthly headache day frequency ≥ 10 (risk ratio = 5.95), “moderate” evidence for depression (risk ratio = 1.58), monthly headache day frequency ≥ 5 (risk ratio = 3.18), and annual household income ≥ $50,000 (risk ratio = 0.65) and “very low” evidence for allodynia (risk ratio = 1.40) and medication overuse (risk ratio = 8.82) in predicting progression to chronic migraine.ConclusionsHigh frequency episodic migraine and depression have high quality evidence as predictors of the transformation from episodic migraine to chronic migraine, while annual household income over $50,000 may be protective.
Positions and figurations in group analytic psychotherapy: an account of therapeutic processes in the individual as part of the group
Authors: Liveras Matthew 
Published: October 2019

In this article I develop an account of therapeutic change in terms of the dynamics of positioning within figurations. I argue that the concepts of ‘positioning’ and ‘figurations’ can be integrated to describe processes of change occurring both at the level of the group and of the individual. I propose that figurations in the group are mutative, provoking change in the individuals within them. I go on to suggest that the psyche is structured by relational positions and that as the individual is able to develop the capacity for increased positional flexibility within the matrix of the group, parallel changes occur in the patient’s internal world. This idea is considered in relation to Foulkes’ concept of ego training in action.