bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teledermatology in the times of COVID‐19 – a systematic review
Authors: Elsner Peter 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe COVID‐19 pandemic restricts the care of dermatological patients in many ways. Teledermatology such as video consultation or “store‐and‐forward” teledermatology could at least partly compensate for this. This systematic review summarizes all published studies on teledermatology during the COVID‐19 pandemic. It is based on a MEDLINE search for articles from 2020 in English and German.Two surveys among dermatologists from the USA and India showed that more than 80 % offered teledermatology. Among German dermatologists 17.5 % of 480 respondents offered online video consultation, 11.3 % offline consultation (store and forward) and 10.0 % both. Five cohort studies on teledermatology during the pandemic were identified. Three of them investigated teledermatology in chronic dermatoses (acne, inflammatory skin diseases), one dealt with the care of oncological patients with dermatological complications, and one analyzed teleconsultation in suspected COVID‐19 cases. In all studies, teledermatology largely reduced the number of personal consultations.The results indicate that the limitations of personal dermatological care of patients with skin diseases during the COVID‐19 pandemic can be at least partially compensated by an extension of teledermatology. Findings from the use of teledermatology during the pandemic should be employed to improve the use and acceptance of teledermatology by patients and dermatologists.
Weight gain and metabolic screening in young people with early psychosis on long acting injectable antipsychotic medication (aripiprazole vs paliperidone)
Authors: Shymko Gordon , Grace Terina , Jolly Nicole , Dobson Louise , Hacking Daniel , Parmar Arti , Kapi Puanna , Waters Flavie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimLong‐acting injectable (LAI)antipsychotics are often used in psychosis to assist with medication compliance and relapse prevention, although the weight gain and metabolic effects in young people are yet to be examined. This study examined the long‐term effects of aripiprazole and paliperidone in LAI formulation on weight gain and metabolic parameters in young people with early episode psychosis.MethodsWeight gain and other metabolic effects of aripiprazole and paliperidone in LAI formulation were examined in 59 young people with early episode psychosis over a 12‐month period. Changes in outcome measurements were examined at baseline and 3 monthly intervals.ResultsThe results showed that both aripiprazole and paliperidone were associated with time‐dependent increases in weight. At 12 months, weight increased by an average of 7% (6 kg) with both aripiprazole and paliperidone relative to the baseline, and the percentage of overweight or obese people increased from 33% to 60%. There was no advantage of aripiprazole compared to paliperidone with regards to weight change, although aripiprazole was associated with lower triglycerides and prolactin levels.ConclusionsBoth LAI medications were associated with substantial weight increases over time. These results build on emerging evidence showing that aripiprazole is not weight neutral in young people. Our recommendation is that weight‐management programs should be offered from the start of medication initiation.
An insula‐driven network computes decision uncertainty and promotes abstinence in chronic cocaine users
Authors: Yu Ju‐Chi , Fiore Vincenzo G. , Briggs Richard W. , Braud Jacquelyn , Rubia Katya , Adinoff Bryon , Gu Xiaosi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe anterior insular cortex (AIC) and its interconnected brain regions have been associated with both addiction and decision‐making under uncertainty. However, the causal interactions in this uncertainty‐encoding neurocircuitry and how these neural dynamics impact relapse remain elusive. Here, we used model‐based fMRI to measure choice uncertainty in a motor decision task in 61 individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD) and 25 healthy controls. CUD participants were assessed before discharge from a residential treatment program and followed for up to 24 weeks. We found that choice uncertainty was tracked by the AIC, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and ventral striatum (VS), across participants. Stronger activations in these regions measured pre‐discharge predicted longer abstinence after discharge in individuals with CUD. Dynamic causal modeling revealed an AIC‐to‐dACC‐directed connectivity modulated by uncertainty in controls, but a dACC‐to‐AIC connectivity in CUD participants. This reversal was mostly driven by early relapsers (<30 days). Furthermore, CUD individuals who displayed a stronger AIC‐to‐dACC excitatory connection during uncertainty encoding remained abstinent for longer periods. These findings reveal a critical role of an AIC‐driven, uncertainty‐encoding neurocircuitry in protecting against relapse and promoting abstinence.
Effects of posture, side and dominant hand on calf circumference measurement in community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Jeong Eunjin , Kim Miji , Won Chang Won 
Published: July 2020

AimCalf circumference (CC) measurement has been used for assessing skeletal muscle mass and for screening sarcopenia. However, there is no gold standard method for CC assessment.MethodsWe analyzed 1439 participants (mean age 75.9 ± 3.8 years, 47.7% men) from the 2017 baseline survey of the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. CC was measured, using a tape, on both sides in standing and sitting positions. For sarcopenia, the diagnostic criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 was used.ResultsThe mean of CC on the left side (Lt.CC) was smaller than that on the right side (Rt.CC) in standing (Rt.CC 33.82 cm, Lt.CC 33.76 cm, P = 0.006) and sitting (Rt.CC 34.29 cm, Lt.CC 34.21 cm, P = 0.005) positions. The Lt.CC of right‐handers, regardless of posture, was smaller than Rt.CC (standing: Rt.CC 33.83 cm, Lt.CC 33.76 cm, P = 0.006; sitting: Rt.CC 34.28 cm, Lt.CC 34.21 cm, P = 0.006). The Lt.CC of left‐handers was non‐significantly smaller than Rt.CC (standing: Rt.CC 33.77 cm, Lt.CC 33.75 cm, P = 0.896; sitting: Rt.CC 34.35 cm, Lt.CC 34.28 cm, P = 0.527). In the results of receiver operating characteristic analysis of CC for diagnosing sarcopenia based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019, Rt.CC in the standing posture showed the largest area under the curve (standing: Rt.CC 0.716, Lt.CC 0.714; sitting: Rt.CC 0.707, Lt.CC 0.703).ConclusionsOur study shows that CC measurement on either side in the standing posture, regardless of the dominant hand, can be used as an optimal method for screening sarcopenia in community‐dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 822–827.
Inappropriate use of antiplatelet agents for primary prevention in nursing homes: An Italian multicenter observational study
Authors: Pasina Luca , Novella Alessio , Elli Chiara , Nobili Alessandro , Ianes Aladar 
Published: July 2020

AimThe benefits of antiplatelets to prevent cardio‐ and cerebrovascular disease are recognized and appropriate only for “secondary prevention.” This multicenter retrospective study was designed to (i) examine the prevalence of residents receiving antiplatelets for primary and secondary cardio‐ and cerebrovascular prevention, and (ii) evaluate the predictors of inappropriate antiplatelet prescription.MethodsThis study was conducted in a sample of Italian long‐term care nursing homes (NHs). Appropriate use of antiplatelets was defined in accordance with the strongest evidence‐based indications.ResultsAmong the 2579 patients recruited from 27 long‐term care NHs (age mean ± SD: 86.8 ± 7.3; women: 1995; 77.4%), 1092 were treated with antiplatelets (42.3%) and 619 (56.7%) were receiving antiplatelet agents for inappropriate primary prevention of cardio‐ or cerebrovascular atherothrombotic events. Age, dementia or cerebral atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes without chronic complication and hypertension were predictors of inappropriate prescription of antiplatelets. Patients inappropriately treated with antiplatelets also had a higher risk of receiving proton pump inhibitors than those appropriately not treated in univariate (OR 95% CI = 2.79 (2.25–3.46, p < 0.0001) and multivariate models (OR 95% CI 2.71 (2.16–3.40, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsMost patients receiving antiplatelet agents in NHs are being inappropriately treated for primary prevention of cardio‐ or cerebrovascular disease. NH residents with diagnosis of dementia or cerebral atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes without chronic complication and hypertension seemed more likely to receive antiplatelets inappropriately. Patients without an evidence‐based indication for antiplatelets also received proton‐pump inhibitors in an unnecessary “prescribing cascade,” which should be assessed for de‐prescribing. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 828–832.
Stability of oil–water primary emulsions stabilised with varying levels of casein and whey proteins affected by high‐intensity ultrasound
Authors: Silva Mayumi , Zisu Bogdan , Chandrapala Jayani 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis study evaluates physical and chemical stability of ultrasound‐assisted grape seed oil primary emulsions stabilised by varying compositions of caseins to whey proteins (80:20, 60:40, 50:50 and 40:60) at different sono‐operating conditions (81.9 and 117.0 J mL−1). Physical and chemical stabilities were influenced by both sonication energy densities and milk protein compositions. Emulsions prepared at 81.9 J mL−1 energy density with ≥40% whey protein fraction (60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and WPI) showed greater physical stability than the emulsions sonicated at 117.0 J mL−1 which exhibited physical instability due to the depletion flocculation mechanism at the critical casein concentration (≥40%). The emulsion oxidative stability was found to be affected by sonication conditions as 117.0 J mL−1 induced the oxidation reactions once the whey concentration exceeds 40%. Therefore, ultrasound prepared emulsions with casein to whey ratios of 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and WPI at 81.9 J mL−1 energy density was found to be stable for 10 days at 4 °C.
Influence of the type of calcium salt on the cation absorption and firmness of black ripe olives
Authors: García‐Serrano Pedro , Romero Concepción , García‐García Pedro , Brenes Manuel 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe preservation of olives intended for processing as black ripe olives must be done in a salt‐free environment although it involves the use of calcium addition to retard olive softening. Calcium chloride and calcium lactate were added by up to 1600 mg Ca L−1 (i) in the preservation liquid of olives before darkening and (ii) in the cover packing brine. The highest texture and calcium absorption were found in the latter case. In addition, the sensory characteristics of the final product were not affected by the use of any of the calcium salts studied at concentrations of up to 1600 mg Ca L−1. Calcium chloride and calcium lactate can be employed to obtain higher texture and calcium content in black ripe olives, although it is advisable to add the cation to the cover packing brine of pitted olives rather than to the preservation liquid.
The microbiota diversity identified during the cocoa fermentation and the benefits of the starter cultures use: an overview
Authors: Chagas Junior Gilson Celso Albuquerque , Ferreira Nelson Rosa , Lopes Alessandra Santos 
Published: July 2020

SummaryCocoa fermentation is a process that is constantly in evidence in the scientific world, as it is the pillar for the production of one of the most consumed foods in the world: the chocolate. Along with well‐applied fermentation techniques, careful handling and variety of fruit, the microbiota (or cocobiota) is responsible for imparting characteristic and desirable aromas to chocolate. In addition to providing the start of essential physical and chemical reactions inside the seed to reduce the astringency and natural bitterness of the seeds, the production of starter crops is an alternative to obtain fermented beans with specific desirable characteristics. In this review, we discuss the latest studies on cocobiota identification and the benefits of using starter cultures and we conclude that advances have been made in recent years with regard to improving the fermentation process after using starter cultures, like reducing time, producing desirable volatile compounds and inhibiting putrefactive compounds.
Importance of not skipping breakfast: a review
Authors: Rani Rekha , Dharaiya Chetan N. , Singh Bhopal 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBreakfast is most important meal of the day and usually taken after night fast or after a long gap. Various health surveys and cross‐sectional studies reported morning meal positive effect on memory recall, children performance, mood, work performance, cognitive function, women health like irregular mensuration and reduction in obesity and effect on body mass index. Still people skip breakfast throughout the world due to several reasons like lack of time, family environment, single‐parent family, not feeling hunger in morning or having several misconceptions like thinking of being obese. Skipping morning meal has an adverse effect on health. This review focuses on awareness of breakfast and its positive impact on health as the breakfast skipping trend is increasing around the world and also drawing the attention of researchers to develop convenient, nutritious breakfast options and awareness programmes for significance of breakfast.
Carboxylic acid responses by a conserved odorant receptor in culicine vector mosquitoes
Authors: Huff Robert M. , Pitts R. Jason 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany mosquito behaviours that are critical for survival and reproduction depend upon timely responses to chemical cues. Of interest are the effects of volatile organic compounds like carboxylic acids (CAs) that are released by potential blood meal hosts. Short chain CAs are among the primary attractants for host‐seeking females and influence host selection in vector species. Although the behavioural relevance of CA's has been established, less is known about the molecular receptive events that evoke responses to specific compounds, with the Ir family of chemoreceptors being broadly implicated in their detection. In this study, we demonstrate that Or orthologs from two vector species, Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse), are selectively activated by straight chain carboxylic acids and that these responses are attenuated by the commercial insect repellant N,N‐Diethyl‐meta‐toluamide. Our results suggest that multiple chemoreceptors, representing diverse families, are able to mediate molecular responses to CAs and may therefore underlie important behaviours that directly impact disease‐transmission cycles.
Germline mutagenesis of Nasonia vitripennis through ovarian delivery of CRISPR‐Cas9 ribonucleoprotein
Authors: Chaverra‐Rodriguez D. , Dalla Benetta E. , Heu C. C. , Rasgon J. L. , Ferree P. M. , Akbari O. S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is a powerful technology to study the genetics of rising model organisms, such as the jewel wasp Nasonia vitripennis. However, current methods involving embryonic microinjection of CRISPR reagents are challenging. Delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein into female ovaries is an alternative that has only been explored in a small handful of insects, such as mosquitoes, whiteflies and beetles. Here, we developed a simple protocol for germline gene editing by injecting Cas9 ribonucleoprotein in adult N. vitripennis females using either ReMOT control (Receptor‐Mediated Ovary Transduction of Cargo) or BAPC (Branched Amphiphilic Peptide Capsules) as ovary delivery methods. For ReMOT Control we used the Drosophila melanogaster‐derived peptide ‘P2C’ fused to EGFP to visualize the ovary delivery, and fused to Cas9 protein for gene editing of the cinnabar gene using saponin as an endosomal escape reagent. For BAPC we optimized the concentrations of protein, sgRNA and the transfection reagent. We demonstrate delivery of protein cargo such as EGFP and Cas9 into developing oocytes via P2C peptide and BAPC. Additionally, somatic and germline gene editing were demonstrated. This approach will greatly facilitate CRISPR‐applied genetic manipulation in this and other rising model organisms.
Effects of obesity on balance in people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Perez‐Cruzado David , Gonzalez‐Sanchez Manuel , Ignacio Cuesta‐Vargas Antonio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground/AimTo know the differences in balance of people with intellectual disability with and without obesity.Method549 people with intellectual disability were evaluated. Participants were categorized as obese or non‐obese according to their body mass index. All participants were evaluated with tests for static and semi‐static balance.ResultsThere were significant differences in the static balance between obese and non‐obese people with intellectual disability. For women, there were not significant differences for any tests; in contrast for men, there were only significant differences in the SLSCE in people aged 37–46 years.ConclusionsSignificant differences were found in static balance between non‐obese and obese people. In the analyses, in consideration of gender and age range, significant differences were only found in one static balance test, in the young adult men´s group. No significant differences were found in women, either in middle‐aged adults or in older adults.
CaMKII‐dependent ryanodine receptor phosphorylation mediates sepsis‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis
Authors: Sepúlveda Marisa , Burgos Juan Ignacio , Ciocci Pardo Alejandro , González Arbelaez Luisa , Mosca Susana , Vila Petroff Martin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSepsis is associated with cardiac dysfunction, which is at least in part due to cardiomyocyte apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanisms are far from being understood. Using the colon ascendens stent peritonitis mouse model of sepsis (CASP), we examined the subcellular mechanisms that mediate sepsis‐induced apoptosis. Wild‐type (WT) CASP mice hearts showed an increase in apoptosis respect to WT‐Sham. CASP transgenic mice expressing a CaMKII inhibitory peptide (AC3‐I) were protected against sepsis‐induced apoptosis. Dantrolene, used to reduce ryanodine receptor (RyR) diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release, prevented apoptosis in WT‐CASP. To examine whether CaMKII‐dependent RyR2 phosphorylation mediates diastolic Ca2+ release and apoptosis in sepsis, we evaluated apoptosis in mutant mice hearts that have the CaMKII phosphorylation site of RyR2 (Serine 2814) mutated to Alanine (S2814A). S2814A CASP mice did not show increased apoptosis. Consistent with RyR2 phosphorylation‐dependent enhancement in diastolic SR Ca2+ release leading to mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, mitochondrial Ca2+ retention capacity was reduced in mitochondria isolated from WT‐CASP compared to Sham and this reduction was absent in mitochondria from CASP S2814A or dantrolene‐treated mice. We conclude that in sepsis, CaMKII‐dependent RyR2 phosphorylation results in diastolic Ca2+ release from SR which leads to mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and apoptosis.
LncRNA‐mRNA expression profiles and functional networks in osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Li Zhaofeng , Cai Zhaopeng , Xie Zhongyu , Li Jinteng , Li Ming , Cen Shuizhong , Tang Su'an , Zheng Guan , Ye Guiwen , Su Hongjun , Wang Shan , Wang Peng , Shen Huiyong , Wu Yanfeng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHuman osteoclasts are differentiated from CD14+ monocytes and are responsible for bone resorption. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proved to be significantly involved in multiple biologic processes, especially in cell differentiation. However, the effect of lncRNAs in osteoclast differentiation is less appreciated. In our study, RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) was used to identify the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in osteoclast differentiation. The results demonstrated that expressions of 1117 lncRNAs and 296 mRNAs were significantly altered after osteoclast differentiation. qRT‐PCR assays were performed to confirm the expression profiles, and the results were almost consistent with the RNA‐seq data. GO and KEGG analyses were used to predict the functions of these differentially expressed mRNA and lncRNAs. The Path‐net analysis demonstrated that MAPK pathway, PI3K‐AKT pathway and NF‐kappa B pathway played important roles in osteoclast differentiation. Co‐expression networks and competing endogenous RNA networks indicated that ENSG00000257764.2‐miR‐106a‐5p‐TIMP2 may play a central role in osteoclast differentiation. Our study provides a foundation to further understand the role and underlying mechanism of lncRNAs in osteoclast differentiation, in which many of them could be potential targets for bone metabolic disease.
Effect of temperature on the development time and life‐time fecundity ofTrichopria anastrephaeparasitizingDrosophila suzukii
Authors: Vieira Julia G. A. , Krüger Alexandra P. , Scheuneumann Tiago , Garcez Amanda M. , Morais Maira C. , Garcia Flávio R. M. , Nava Dori E. , Bernardi Daniel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C), on the development time and life‐time fecundity ofTrichopria anastrephaeLima, 1940 (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) parasitizingDrosophila suzukii(Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae).D. suzukiipupae that were up to 24‐hr old were submitted toT. anastrephaeparasitism for 24 hr. They were placed in plastic containers (50 ml) (ten pupae per container) in climatic chambers at temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C ± 1°C with a relative humidity of 70% ± 10% and a 12 hr photoperiod. For the adult phase,T. anastrephaecouples that were up to 24 hr old were each placed in plastic cages (300 ml) and kept at the same temperatures cited above until their deaths. The higher numbers of parasitism and offspring production were obtained at temperatures between 15 and 25ºC. At the temperatures of 10 and 35ºC, there was no emergence of individuals. The lower thermal threshold (Tt) for the egg to adult period was ≈ 14.6°C for males and females with thermal constants (K) of 384.61 and 432.90, respectively. In terms of the fertility life table,T. anastrephaeat 20 and 25°C presented shorter generation time (T) and higher net reproductive rates (Ro) in relation to other temperatures. The data show the ability ofT. anastrephaeto adapt to different thermal conditions, which is important for biological control programmes ofD. suzukii.