bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translating clinical and patient-reported data to tailored shared decision reports with predictive analytics for knee and hip arthritis
Authors: Franklin Patricia D. , Zheng Hua , Bond Christina , Lavallee Danielle C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Introduction
New informatics tools can transform evidence-based information to individualized predictive reports to serve shared decisions in clinic. We developed a web-based system to collect patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and medical risk factors and to compare responses to national registry data. The system generates predicted outcomes for individual patients and a report for use in clinic to support decisions. We present the report development, presentation, and early experience implementing this PRO-based, shared decision report for knee and hip arthritis patients seeking orthopedic evaluation.

Methods
Iterative patient and clinician interviews defined report content and visual display. The web-system supports: (a) collection of PROs and risk data at home or in office, (b) automated statistical processing of responses compared to national data, (c) individualized estimates of likely pain relief and functional gain if surgery is elected, and (d) graphical reports to support shared decisions. The system was implemented at 12 sites with 26 surgeons in an ongoing cluster randomized trial.

Results
Clinicians and patients recommended that pain and function as well as clinical risk factors (e.g., BMI, smoking) be presented to frame the discussion. Color and graphics support patient understanding. To date, 7891 patients completed the assessment before the visit and 56% consented to study participation. Reports were generated for 98% of patients and 68% of patients recalled reviewing the report with their surgeon.

Conclusions
Informatics solutions can generate timely, tailored office reports including PROs and predictive analytics. Patients successfully complete the pre-visit PRO assessments and clinicians and patients value the report to support shared surgical decisions.
The variety of evidence thesis and its independence of degrees of independence
Authors: Landes Jürgen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe intuitive Variety of Evidence Thesis states that, ceteris paribus, more varied evidence for a hypothesis confirms it more strongly than less varied evidence. Recent Bayesian analyses have raised serious doubts in its validity. Claveau suggests the existence of a novel type of counter-example to this thesis: a gradual increase in source independence can lead to a decrease in hypothesis confirmation. I show that Claveau’s measure of gradual source independence suffers from two unsuspected types of inconsistencies. I hence put forward a more natural measure of gradual source independence which is not plagued by inconsistencies. Claveau’s counter-examples to the variety of evidence thesis disappear with the measure I suggest. I hence argue that my measure is preferable and that this thesis does at least not seem to be troubled by Claveau’s arguments.
Modelling the Impact of Anisotropy on Hydrocarbon Production in Heterogeneous Reservoirs
Authors: Sinan Saddam , Glover Paul W. J. , Lorinczi Piroska 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEffective and optimal hydrocarbon production from heterogeneous and anisotropic reservoirs is a developing challenge in the hydrocarbon industry. While experience leads us to intuitive decisions for the production of these heterogeneous and anisotropic reservoirs, there is a lack of information concerning how hydrocarbon and water production rate and cumulative production as well as water cut and water breakthrough time depend on quantitative measures of heterogeneity and anisotropy. In this work, we have used Generic Advanced Fractal Reservoir Models (GAFRMs) to model reservoirs with controlled heterogeneity and vertical and/or horizontal anisotropy, following the approach of Al-Zainaldin et al. (Transp Porous Media 116(1):181–212, 2017). This Generic approach uses fractal mathematics which captures the spatial variability of real reservoirs at all scales. The results clearly show that some anisotropy in hydrocarbon production and water cut can occur in an isotropic heterogeneous reservoir and is caused by the chance placing of wells in high-quality reservoir rock or vice versa. However, when horizontal anisotropy is introduced into the porosity, cementation exponent and grain size (and hence also into the permeability, capillary pressure, water saturation) in the reservoir model, all measures of early stage and middle stage hydrocarbon and water production become anisotropic, with isotropic flow returning towards the end of the reservoir’s lifetime. Specifically, hydrocarbon production rate and cumulative production are increased in the direction of anisotropy, as is water cut, while the time to water breakthrough is reduced. We found no such relationship when varying vertical anisotropy because we were using vertical wells but expect there to be an effect if horizontal wells were used.
Low-delay single holoscopic 3D computer-generated image to multiview images
Authors: Alfaqheri Taha , Aondoakaa Akuha Solomon , Swash Mohammad Rafiq , Sadka Abdul Hamid 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDue to the nature of holoscopic 3D (H3D) imaging technology, H3D cameras can capture more angular information than their conventional 2D counterparts. This is mainly attributed to the macrolens array which captures the 3D scene with slightly different viewing angles and generates holoscopic elemental images based on fly’s eyes imaging concept. However, this advantage comes at the cost of decreasing the spatial resolution in the reconstructed images. On the other hand, the consumer market is looking to find an efficient multiview capturing solution for the commercially available autostereoscopic displays. The autostereoscopic display provides multiple viewers with the ability to simultaneously enjoy a 3D viewing experience without the need for wearing 3D display glasses. This paper proposes a low-delay content adaptation framework for converting a single holoscopic 3D computer-generated image into multiple viewpoint images. Furthermore, it investigates the effects of varying interpolation step sizes on the converted multiview images using the nearest neighbour and bicubic sampling interpolation techniques. In addition, it evaluates the effects of changing the macrolens array size, using the proposed framework, on the perceived visual quality both objectively and subjectively. The experimental work is conducted on computer-generated H3D images with different macrolens sizes. The experimental results show that the proposed content adaptation framework can be used to capture multiple viewpoint images to be visualised on autostereoscopic displays.
Update on House Dust Mite Allergen Avoidance Measures for Asthma
Authors: Zuiani Chiara , Custovic Adnan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To critically review the evidence in favor or against the use of house dust mite (HDM) allergen avoidance measures in patients with asthma.

Recent Findings
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses suggested no positive effect of mite allergen avoidance strategies on asthma outcomes, resulting in a lack of consensus regarding the utility of these measures. However, such analyses have a number limitations and might not be the most adequate tool to evaluate current evidence and to derive clinical recommendations regarding mite allergen avoidance in asthmatic patients. We should not disproportionately rely on the results of meta-analyses and systematic reviews to inform clinical practice and asthma guidelines in this area. Recent high-quality evidence from randomized controlled trial in children confirmed that mite allergen–impermeable bed encasings reduce emergency hospital attendance with acute severe asthma exacerbations.

Summary
Until better evidence is available, we suggest that physicians should adopt a pragmatic approach to mite allergen avoidance and advise sensitized patients to implement a multifaceted set of measures to achieve as great a reduction in exposure as possible. Potential predictors of positive response (e.g., patient’s sensitization and exposure status) can pragmatically be evaluated using the size of skin test wheal or the titer of allergen-specific IgE. Finally, the intervention should be started as early as possible.
Dissecting Fibroblast Heterogeneity in Health and Fibrotic Disease
Authors: Shaw Tanya J , Rognoni Emanuel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Fibroblasts, the major cell population in all connective tissues, are best known for their role in depositing and maintaining the extracellular matrix. Recently, numerous specialised functions have been discovered revealing unpredicted fibroblast heterogeneity. We will discuss this heterogeneity, from its origins in development to alterations in fibrotic disease conditions.

Recent Findings
Advances in lineage tracing and single-cell transcriptional profiling techniques have revealed impressive diversity amongst fibroblasts in a range of organ systems including the skin, lung, kidney and heart. However, there are major challenges in assimilating the findings and understanding their functional significance. Certain fibroblast subsets can make specific contributions to healthy tissue functioning and to fibrotic disease processes; thus, therapeutic manipulation of particular subsets could be clinically beneficial.

Summary
Here we propose that four key variables determine a fibroblast’s phenotype underpinning their enormous heterogeneity: tissue status, regional features, microenvironment and cell state. We review these in different organ systems, highlighting the importance of understanding the divergent fibroblast properties and underlying mechanisms in tissue fibrosis.
The Role of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in the Rheumatoid Arthritis Continuum
Authors: Di Matteo Andrea , Mankia Kulveer , Azukizawa Masayuki , Wakefield Richard J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is no longer considered a fixed phenotype but rather a disease continuum. This review outlines the current and potential value of applying ultrasound (US) along this continuum: from the prediction of progression to RA in at-risk individuals, to confirmation of the early diagnosis of RA, as well as the consideration of differential diagnoses, and the use in disease monitoring and defining remission.

Recent Findings
In individuals at-risk of RA (i.e., positive autoantibodies with symptoms but without synovitis), US has shown a promising predictive value for the development of clinical arthritis, providing the opportunity to improve risk stratification (and disease prevention) of these individuals. The detection of inflammation on US in patients with early undifferentiated arthritis, in which a definite diagnosis cannot be reached, could predict evolution to persistent arthritis, mostly RA. This, in addition to the US potential ability to identify disease specific patterns for different rheumatic conditions, might facilitate early diagnosis and, therefore, improve the management of patients with RA, or other types of inflammatory arthritides. US has also demonstrated the capability to predict radiographic progression, and relapse risk after treatment discontinuation, in RA patients in remission according to the clinical instruments, raising implications in the management, including therapy discontinuation, of these patients.

Summary
US has an undeniable value in the management of patients at different stages along the RA continuum. Further research is needed to identify which groups of patients benefit the most from US imaging.
Imaging in Vasculitis
Authors: Guggenberger Konstanze Viktoria , Bley Thorsten Alexander 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Vasculitides are characterized by mostly autoimmunologically induced inflammatory processes of vascular structures. They have various clinical and radiologic appearances. Early diagnosis and reliable monitoring are indispensable for adequate therapy to prevent potentially serious complications. Imaging, in addition to laboratory tests and physical examination, constitutes a key component in assessing disease extent and activity. This review presents current standards and some typical findings in the context of imaging in vasculitis with particular attention to large vessel vasculitides.

Recent Findings
Recently, imaging has gained importance in the management of vasculitis, especially regarding large vessel vasculitides (LVV). Recently, EULAR (European League Against Rheumatism) has launched its recommendations concerning the diagnosis of LVVs. Imaging is recommended as the preferred complement to clinical examination. Color-coded duplex sonography is considered the first choice imaging test in suspected giant cell arteritis, and magnetic resonance imaging is considered the first choice in suspected Takayasu’s arteritis.

Summary
Due to diversity of clinical and radiologic presentations, diagnosis and therapy monitoring of vasculitides may constitute a challenge. As a result of ongoing technological progress, a variety of non-invasive imaging modalities now play an elemental role in the interdisciplinary management of vasculitic diseases.
Rationally designed synthesis of bright AgInS2/ZnS quantum dots with emission control
Authors: Soares José X. , Wegner K. David , Ribeiro David S. M. , Melo Armindo , Häusler Ines , Santos João L. M. , Resch-Genger Ute 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the blossoming field of Cd-free semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), ternary I-III-VI QDs have received increasing attention due to the ease of the environmentally friendly synthesis of high-quality materials in water, their high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields (QYs) in the red and near infrared (NIR) region, and their inherently low toxicity. Moreover, their oxygen-insensitive long PL lifetimes of up to several hundreds of nanoseconds close a gap for applications exploiting the compound-specific parameter PL lifetime. To overcome the lack of reproducible synthetic methodologies and to enable a design-based control of their PL properties, we assessed and modelled the synthesis of high-quality MPA-capped AgInS2/ZnS (AIS/ZnS) QDs. Systematically refined parameters included reaction time, temperature, Ag:In ratio, S:In ratio, Zn:In ratio, MPA:In ratio, and pH using a design-of-experiment approach. Guidance for the optimization was provided by mathematical models developed for the application-relevant PL parameters, maximum PL wavelength, QY, and PL lifetime as well as the elemental composition in terms of Ag:In:Zn ratio. With these experimental data-based models, MPA:In and Ag:In ratios and pH values were identified as the most important synthesis parameters for PL control and an insight into the connection of these parameters could be gained. Subsequently, the experimental conditions to synthetize QDs with tunable emission and high QY were predicted. The excellent agreement between the predicted and experimentally found PL features confirmed the reliability of our methodology for the rational design of high quality AIS/ZnS QDs with defined PL features. This approach can be straightforwardly extended to other ternary and quaternary QDs and to doped QDs.
Conductive MOFs with Photophysical Properties: Applications and Thin-Film Fabrication
Authors: Zhuang Zeyu , Liu Dingxin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of hybrid materials with many promising applications. In recent years, lots of investigations have been oriented toward applications of MOFs in electronic and photoelectronic devices. While many high-quality reviews have focused on synthesis and mechanisms of electrically conductive MOFs, few of them focus on their photophysical properties. Herein, we provide an in-depth review on photoconductive and photoluminescent properties of conductive MOFs together with their corresponding applications in solar cells, luminescent sensing, light emitting, and so forth. For integration of MOFs with practical devices, recent advances in fabrication of photoactive MOF thin films are also summarized.
A network perspective on intermedia agenda-setting
Authors: Stern Samuel , Livan Giacomo , Smith Robert E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn Communication Theory, intermedia agenda-setting refers to the influence that different news sources may have on each other, and how this subsequently affects the breadth of information that is presented to the public. Several studies have attempted to quantify the impact of intermedia agenda-setting in specific countries or contexts, but a large-scale, data-driven investigation is still lacking. Here, we operationalise intermedia agenda-setting by putting forward a methodology to infer networks of influence between different news sources on a given topic, and apply it on a large dataset of news articles published by globally and locally prominent news organisations in 2016. We find influence to be significantly topic-dependent, with the same news sources acting as agenda-setters (i.e., central nodes) with respect to certain topics and as followers (i.e., peripheral nodes) with respect to others. At the same time, we find that the influence networks associated to most topics exhibit small world properties, which we find to play a significant role towards the overall diversity of sentiment expressed about the topic by the news sources in the network. In particular, we find clustering and density of influence networks to act as competing forces in this respect, with the former increasing and the latter reducing diversity.
Comparing Risk Factors for Adverse Outcomes in Virgin Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Implantations and Revisions: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Miller Jake A. , Bennett Nelson E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Recent studies place the risk of infection following inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) implantation at 1–2%. This risk may be underestimated due to the exclusion of high-risk patients, such as patients undergoing multiple revisions or revision following IPP infection, from data.

Aim
To calculate the rate of postoperative complications for all patients undergoing IPP implantation and revision, and to determine the risk factors predictive of complications following virgin implantation and revision independently.

Methods
The charts of 280 patients undergoing 331 IPP implantations performed over the last 20 years at a large academic medical center were reviewed for postoperative complications and suspected preoperative and operative risk factors.

Main Outcome Measure
This included the prevalence of adverse operative outcomes including postoperative infection and device malfunction.

Results
63 (20.7%) surgeries resulted in postoperative complications: 38 (12.5%) resulting in device malfunction and 25 (8.20%) resulting in infection. Smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 4.14, P = .00) was associated with overall postoperative complications. Within subgroups, concomitant procedures (OR = 4.77, P = .03) were associated with infection for those undergoing virgin implantation, but not those undergoing revision procedures. Alternatively, diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR = 28.3, P = .02) was associated with postoperative infection for those undergoing revision procedures, but not those undergoing virgin implantation.

Conclusion
The rate of postoperative infection for all patients undergoing IPP was found to be 8.20%, a higher estimate than historically recorded. To varying degrees, smoking, concomitant procedures, and DM were associated with adverse operative outcomes. Subset analyses revealed significant associations between postoperative infections and either concomitant procedures or DM in those undergoing virgin implantations or revision surgeries, respectively.
General recommendations to the colorectal surgeon during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Campos Fábio Guilherme , Fillmann Henrique Sarubbi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has shown our country in an unfavorable light, as Brazil has reported the second highest number of deaths to date. When the social isolation phase is finished, professional activities (including the medical ones) will resume their routines and the specialist must be updated in order to provide effective and safe care. Although many published recommendations are based on low levels of evidence, disclosing them has become necessary, since the coronavirus infection may affect operative outcomes. Overall, it is suggested that physicians adopt preventive measures, starting with the medical appointment, and extending them to the surgical procedure. Furthermore, it is also necessary to provisionally change criteria for operative indications and conducts. Currently, postponing elective surgeries seems to be a universally agreed decision. Moreover, we need to establish the early diagnosis of the viral infection, before or after the surgery. Several safety measures related to minimally-invasive procedures have been reported, disclosing the risks of aerosol dissemination by the pneumoperitoneum and smoke from energy-powered devices. The present article aimed to bring to the colorectal surgeon the current recommendations and general safety measures in order to prevent infection dissemination, to improve surgical planning in terms of timing and specific technical aspects.
Potential impact of COVID-19 on colorectal disease management
Authors: Campos Fábio Guilherme , Fillmann Henrique Sarubbi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe current recommendations for management of colorectal diseases are still evolving, due to the limited experience on this issue. As the new coronavirus can be transmitted through breath droplets, by contact and orofecally, there is no consensus of how this fact may affect the investigation and treatment of anorectal diseases. Thus, high-quality multicenter studies are urgently needed to provide better information to both patients and the multiprofessional team, in order to build an effective pandemic response plan in our specialty. As a greater operative risk for infected patients has already been demonstrated, the next step lies on the identification of new therapeutic strategies that could minimize this effect on an individual basis. There is a present understanding that the COVID-19 pandemic should change some traditional practices. Therefore, the surgical treatment of suspected or known COVID-19 case demands specific insights. This article analyses potential influences regarding the treatment of patients with Colorectal Cancer (CRC) and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). At present, elective surgery must be avoided, and the colorectal surgeon must carefully evaluate the risks and benefits of such decision. Within this context, a change toward nonsurgical and less aggressive modalities of CRC treatment may help to postpone definitive treatment. We also discuss the concerns regarding the viral infection among the population, the influence on clinical symptoms and the proposed modifications on therapeutic schemes.