bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of national intellectual capital in the digital transformation of EU countries. Another digital divide?
Authors: Švarc Jadranka , Lažnjak Jasminka , Dabić Marina 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis study, an exploratory one, aims to empirically investigate the association of national intellectual capital (NIC) with the national digital transformation readiness of the European Union's (EU’s) member states. Apart from building the conceptual model of NIC, this study explores the role of NIC dimensions in the digital divide between European countries.Design/methodology/approachBased on the literature review and the available EU statistical data and indexes, the theoretical framework and conceptual model for NIC were developed. The model explores the relation of NIC and its dimensions (human, social, structural, relational and renewable/development capital) on the readiness of European countries for digital transformation and the digital divide. Significant differences between EU countries in NIC and digital readiness were tested. Multiple linear regression was used to explore the association of each NIC dimension with digital transformation and digital divide within the EU.FindingsDespite a positive association between all dimensions of NIC and digital transformation readiness, the proposed model of NIC was not confirmed in full. Regression analysis proved social capital and working skills, a dimension of human capital, to be the predictors of digital transformation at a national level, able to detect certain elements of digital divide between EU member states. Structural capital, knowledge and education, as dimensions of human capital, were predictors of the digital divide in terms of the integration of digital media in companies.Research limitations/implicationsThis research has a limited propensity for generalisation due to the lack of common measurement models in the field of NIC exploration.Practical implicationsThis research offers policy makers an indication of the relationships between NIC and digital transformation, pointing out which dimensions of NIC should be strengthened to allow the EU to meet the challenges of digital economy and to overcome the digital divide between EU member states.Social implicationsThe use of digital technologies is key in creating active and informed citizens in the public sphere and productive companies and economic growth in the business sphere.Originality/valueThis study provides an original theoretical framework and conceptual model through which to analyse the relationship between NIC and digital transformation, which has thus far not been explored at the level of the EU. This research makes an original contribution to the empirical exploration of NIC and produces new insights in the fields of digital transformation and intellectual capital.
Exploiting multiclass classification algorithms for the prediction of ship routes: a study in the area of Malta
Authors: Lo Duca Angelica , Marchetti Andrea 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Ship route prediction (SRP) is a quite complicated task, which enables the determination of the next position of a ship after a given period of time, given its current position. This paper aims to describe a study, which compares five families of multiclass classification algorithms to perform SRP.

Design/methodology/approach
Tested algorithm families include: Naive Bayes (NB), nearest neighbors, decision trees, linear algorithms and extension from binary. A common structure for all the algorithm families was implemented and adapted to the specific case, according to the test to be done. The tests were done on one month of real data extracted from automatic identification system messages, collected around the island of Malta.

Findings
Experiments show that K-nearest neighbors and decision trees algorithms outperform all the other algorithms. Experiments also demonstrate that linear algorithms and NB have a very poor performance.

Research limitations/implications
This study is limited to the area surrounding Malta. Thus, findings cannot be generalized to every context. However, the methodology presented is general and can help other researchers in this area to choose appropriate methods for their problems.

Practical implications
The results of this study can be exploited by applications for maritime surveillance to build decision support systems to monitor and predict ship routes in a given area. For example, to protect the marine environment, the use of SRP techniques could be used to protect areas at risk such as marine protected areas, from illegal fishing.

Originality/value
The paper proposes a solid methodology to perform tests on SRP, based on a series of important machine learning algorithms for the prediction.
An empirical study of knowledge mapping implementation in Indonesian organizational context
Authors: Al Hakim Shidiq , Sensuse Dana Indra , Budi Indra , Mishbah Winarni, Muhammad , Khusni Uus 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
Knowledge growth is currently experiencing a very exponential increase, through a digital transformation of knowledge in the organization and the emergence of various platforms through management system content such as blogs and social media that have encouraged such growth. An employee no longer only interacts in knowledge management (KM) in his organization but can communicate and collaborate to share knowledge through these platforms widely. Much of the spread of knowledge is a challenge for organizations to manage and use their knowledge and spread knowledge and become part of the expertise possessed by employees in their organizations. For this reason, an intelligent knowledge mapping approach is needed to facilitate finding, managing and identifying knowledge owned by an organization. This paper aims to see the use of smart knowledge mapping in organizations empirically.

Design/methodology/approach
This research was conducted empirically by conducting a literature study method to compile a questionnaire and conduct a survey through purposive sampling, sampling taken from the KM and Society Indonesia community. This survey limits only to respondents who have experience in conducting knowledge mapping in an organization.

Findings
The use of data sources that have been owned by the organization and also the consideration of the use of digital footprint employees spread across the internet can be a potential to explore the knowledge resources possessed by the organization. Of course, with the support of technology through the use of artificial intelligence (AI), it is expected to be able to present a comprehensive, adaptive and objective knowledge mapping for the organization.

Practical implications
The paper provides practical implications for knowledge mapping implementation in an organization by adopting AI with considerable digital footprint employees spread across the internet.

Originality/value
This paper provides empirical information about knowledge mapping implementation in Indonesian organization.
Measuring the complex syntax of school‐aged children in language sample analysis: A known‐groups validation study
Authors: Cahill Peter , Cleave Patricia , Asp Elissa , Squires Bonita , Kay‐Raining Bird Elizabeth 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundComplex syntax is affected by developmental language disorder (DLD) during the school years. Targeting areas of syntactic difficulty for children with DLD may yield useful assessment techniques.AimsTo determine whether wh‐movement can be measured in language samples from typically developing mono‐ and bilingual school‐aged children, and, if so, to provide preliminary evidence of validity by comparison with traditional measures of syntax in a cross‐sectional, known‐groups design.Methods & ProceduresParticipants were 48 typically developing children recruited from the Canadian province of Nova Scotia in four groups: monolingual English and bilingual French–English children in early (7–8 years of age) and late (11–12 years of age) elementary school. Language samples were collected and analysed with mean use of wh‐movement, mean length of utterance and clausal density. These measures were compared for effects of age, bilingual development and elicitation task.Outcomes & ResultsThe results from all measures closely paralleled each other, providing preliminary evidence of validity. Wh‐movement‐based and traditional measures demonstrated similar age‐related and discourse genre effects. Neither demonstrated an effect of mono‐ versus bilingual development.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe results confirm research interest in syntactic movement as an area of language assessment. Further research is required to understand its application to clinical populations.What this paper addsWhat is already known on the subjectComplex syntax is known to be an area of difficulty for children with DLD. Certain syntactic constructions appear to be particularly difficult for these children. Assessments targeting these areas of difficulty are emerging.What this paper adds to existing knowledgeThe paper compares traditional measures of syntax with measures based on wh‐movement. It shows similar results for both types of measures, suggesting construct and convergent validity. Results suggest that syntactic movement is an age‐appropriate area of assessment for elementary school‐aged children's language.What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?Language sample assessment measures based on wh‐movement appear promising. The impact of task effects of the discourse genre on assessing syntax must be carefully considered in research and clinical practice.
Silage making of maize stover and banana pseudostem under South Ethiopian conditions: evolution of pH, dry matter and microbiological profile
Authors: Mitiku Ashenafi Azage , Andeta Addisu Fekadu , Borremans An , Lievens Bart , Bossaert Sofie , Crauwels Sam , Aernouts Ben , Kechero Yisehak , Van Campenhout Leen 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe study was conducted to evaluate the microbial dynamics during silage of maize stover and banana pseudostem in the environmental conditions of southern Ethiopia. To meet this objective, microsilos containing either maize stover or banana pseudostem, both with and without molasses, were prepared. Subsequently, samples were analysed on day 0, 7, 14, 30, 60 and 90 of the fermentation process. As a result, on day 7, all treatments except banana pseudostem without molasses showed a significant reduction in pH. It was also this silage type that supported the growth of Enterobacteriaceae longer than three other silage types, i.e. until 30 days. The yeasts and moulds and the Clostridum endospore counts also showed a reducing trend in early fermentation and afterwards remained constant until day 90. Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed that Leuconostoc, Buttiauxella species and Enterobacteriaceae were the most abundant bacteria in the initial phases of the fermentation. Later on, Buttiauxella, Lactobacillus, Weissella and Bifidobacterium species were found to be dominant. In conclusion, silage of the two crop by‐products is possible under South Ethiopian conditions. For banana pseudostem, the addition of molasses is crucial for a fast fermentation, in contrast to maize. Upscaling needs to be investigated for the two by‐products.
‘Almost Normal’, or, Everything You Always Wanted To Know About Swift But Were Afraid To Ask
Authors: Horowitz James 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article seeks to situate Jonathan Swift and his reception in the modern history of sexual norms. Through close attention to several moments across Swift's canon that touch on non‐normative sexuality, and to early intertexts that interpret those moments, including an unsolicited illustration by William Hogarth, I contend that Swift should be recognised – and was recognised by his initial readers – not only for testing the limits of sexual propriety but also for exposing, with characteristically devious subtlety, the contradictory and unpredictably destructive means by which sexual conduct began to be classified and regulated in post‐1688 Britain.
Development of an electroactive aerobic biocathode for microbial fuel cell applications
Authors: Mani Priyadharshini , V T Fidal , Bowman Kyle , T S Chandra , Keshavarz Taj , Kyazze Godfrey 
Published: July 2020

SummaryMicrobial biocathodes are gaining interest due to their low cost, environmental friendliness and sustainable nature. In this study, a microbial consortium was enriched from activated sludge obtained from a common textile effluent treatment plant in the absence of organic carbon source to produce an electroactive biofilm. Chronoamperometry method of enrichment was carried out for over 70 days to select for electroactive bacteria that could be used as a cathode catalyst in microbial fuel cells (MFC). The resultant biofilm produced an average peak current of −0.7 mA during the enrichment and produced a maximum power density of 64.6 ± 3.5 mW m−2 compared to platinum (72.7 ± 1.2 mW m−2) in a Shewanella‐based MFC. Microbial community analysis of the initial sludge sample and enriched samples, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, revealed the selection of chemolithotrophs with the most dominant phylum being Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria in the enriched samples. A variety of CO2 fixing and nitrate‐reducing bacteria was present in the resultant biofilm on the cathode. This study suggests that microbial consortia are capable of replacing expensive platinum as a cathode catalyst in MFCs.
Atezolizumab in combination with carboplatin and etoposide for heavily treated small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kataoka Nobutaka , Kunimatsu Yusuke , Tachibana Yusuke , Sugimoto Takumi , Sato Izumi , Tani Nozomi , Ogura Yuri , Hirose Kazuki , Takeda Takayuki 
Published: July 2020

Atezolizumab was the first immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) to be introduced as a first‐line treatment option for extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC), in combination with carboplatin and etoposide (CE) chemotherapy. However, SCLC treatment options after progression to first‐line chemotherapy are limited, warranting the readministration of previously used drugs. In combination with atezolizumab, CE readministration may theoretically be effective, based on two tentative mechanisms: its additive and synergistic effects on cytotoxic chemotherapy. The additive effect is based on the IFCT‐1603 trial in which the Kaplan‐Meier estimates of both progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the atezolizumab group exhibited a tail plateau in the selected population. Conversely, an anti‐PD‐L1 antibody synergistic effect on platinum compounds was assessed in a preclinical study, which was reinforced by clinical data. Thus, atezolizumab in combination with CE may be a treatment option in heavily treated patients. Here, we describe the first case of a heavily treated ES‐SCLC patient treated with chemoimmunotherapy, resulting in a partial response and a durable PFS.Key pointsSignificant findings of the study and what this study addsCE readministration with atezolizumab may be effective based on two tentative mechanisms. Additive and synergistic effects of atezolizumab on CE have been previously suggested via a clinical trial and preclinical study, respectively. This is reflected in the current case in clinical settings.
Changes in the incidence of assault after restrictions on late‐night alcohol sales in New Zealand: evaluation of a natural experiment using hospitalization and police data
Authors: Connor Jennie , Maclennan Brett , Huckle Taisia , Romeo Jose , Davie Gabrielle , Kypri Kypros 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimsTo estimate the effect of national restrictions on late‐night availability of alcohol on alcohol‐related assault at a population level as indicated by (1) change in hospitalizations for weekend assaults and (2) change in the proportion of assaults documented by police that occur at night.DesignEvaluation of a natural experiment, involving: (1) pre–post comparisons of age‐specific incidence rates, adjusted for seasonality and background trend using Poisson regression; and (2) interrupted time–series analyses, using seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) models of national data with no control site.SettingNew Zealand.Participants(1) Inpatients discharged from NZ hospitals following assault during the weekend (Friday–Sunday) from 2004 to 2016 (n = 14 996) and (2) cases of assault recorded by NZ Police from 2012 to 2018. Intervention: introduction of national maximum trading hours for all on‐licence (8 a.m.–4 a.m.) and off‐licence premises (7 a.m.–11 p.m.), abolishing existing 24‐hour licences, on 18 December 2013.Measurements(1) Age‐specific incidence of hospitalization for assault on Friday, Saturday or Sunday from the national hospital discharge data set, excluding short‐stay emergency department admissions and (2) proportion of weekly police‐documented assaults occurring between 9 p.m. and 5.59 a.m., from NZ Police Demand and Activity data set.FindingsFollowing the restrictions, weekend hospitalized assaults declined by 11% [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.84, 0.94], with the greatest reduction among 15–29‐year‐olds (IRR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.76, 0.89). There was an absolute reduction (step change) of 1.8% (95% CI = 0.2, 3.5%) in the proportion of police‐documented assaults occurring at night, equivalent to 9.70 (95% CI = 0.10, 19.30) fewer night‐time assaults per week, out of 207.4.ConclusionsThe 2013 implementation of national maximum trading hours for alcohol in NZ was followed by reductions in two complementary indicators of alcohol‐related assault, consistent with beneficial effects of modest nation‐wide restrictions on the late‐night availability of alcohol.
Chronic odontogenic nasal discharge: report of two cases
Authors: Hoang MD , Saha A , McMillan B 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSupernumerary teeth are those that form in excess to the normal dental formula and while there is no clear pathogenesis for their formation, they are known to vary in size, morphology, location and presentation. We present two cases of otherwise healthy patients who presented with pain, discomfort and discharge from the nasal passages. CT imaging identified a tooth‐like density present in the bone of the nasal floor in both patients. In both cases, the tooth was extracted surgically under anaesthetic. A symptomatic supernumerary in the nasal floor might cause a plethora of symptoms and complications, decreasing the overall quality of life for a patient. Patients who present with a supernumerary tooth in the nasal floor should be further investigated with a simple nasal speculum examination and a CT scan. Their surgical management is simple and brings near immediate relief of symptoms.
Profiling neovascular age‐related macular degeneration choroidal neovascularization lesion response to anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy using SSOCTA
Authors: Told Reinhard , Reiter Gregor S. , Mittermüller Tamara J. , Schranz Markus , Reumueller Adrian , Schlanitz Ferdinand G. , Weigert Günther , Pollreisz Andreas , Sacu Stefan , Schmidt‐Erfurth Ursula 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeTo identify the changes in distinct vascular parameters of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in eyes with treatment‐naïve neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) during the primary response to anti‐VEGF therapy using aflibercept.MethodsPatients were prospectively followed during the first 3 months according to a standardized protocol with mandatory visits at days 7 and 14 after each anti‐VEGF treatment up to day 90. Fourteen eyes were seen in addition at days 1 and 3 post‐initial injection. Aflibercept was administered at baseline (BL), day 30 and 60. 6 × 6mm SSOCTA (PlexElite, Zeiss) images were acquired. Using the semi‐automated AngioTool, CNV area, vessel area, vessel density (VD), the number of junctions, junctions density, total vessel length, average vessel length, total number of endpoints and lacunarity were assessed.ResultsThirty‐two consecutive patients presenting with treatment‐naïve, SSOCTA‐positive CNV lesions were included. Close follow‐up showed a characteristic neovascular response curve with a dynamic decrease in lesion size within days and a reactive increase following 2 weeks after initial treatment. An undulating pattern was seen for all neovascular parameters except for vascular density, with variable statistical significance. Due to a flattening of the therapeutic response as early as after the second treatment, CNV lesion size and most of the related parameters had an increase in activity above baseline values at the end of the loading phase. Lesion size was the leading feature of reactivation by a mean increase of 19.3% after three monthly aflibercept injections. Subgroup analysis based on lesion size revealed a significant correlation between best‐corrected visual acuity and quantitative change in lesion size over time, but not baseline size.ConclusionsUsing SSOCTA, a morphologic neovascular response pattern can be identified in anti‐VEGF treatment of CNV. A synchronized early decrease and consecutive reactivation in a large spectrum of neovascular biomarkers including size and internal structure are visualized in a qualitative and quantitative manner. SSOCTA analyses allow new insights in CNV morphology changes and therapeutic response.
The Kg‐antigen, RhAG with a Lys164Gln mutation, gives rise to haemolytic disease of the newborn
Authors: Tanaka Mitsunobu , Abe Takaaki , Minamitani Takeharu , Akiba Hiroki , Horikawa Toshihiro , Tobita Ryutaro , Isa Kazumi , Ogasawara Kenichi , Takahashi Hideo , Tateyama Hidemi , Tone Satomi , Tsumoto Kouhei , Yasui Teruhito , Kimura Takafumi , Fujimura Yoshihiro , Hirayama Fumiya , Tani Yoshihiko , Takihara Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe Kg‐antigen was first discovered in an investigation of a mother whose infant had haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). The antibody against the Kg‐antigen is believed to be responsible for HDN. The Kg‐antigen is provisionally registered under the number 700045, according to the Red Cell Immunogenetics and Blood Group Terminology. However, the molecular nature of the Kg‐antigen has remained a mystery for over 30 years. In this study, a monoclonal antibody against the Kg‐antigen and the recombinant protein were developed that allowed for the immunoprecipitation analysis. Immunoprecipitants from the propositus' red blood cell ghosts were subjected to mass spectrometry analysis, and DNA sequence analysis of the genes was also performed. A candidate for the Kg‐antigen was molecularly isolated and confirmed to be a determinant of the Kg‐antigen by cell transfection and flow cytometry analyses. The Kg‐antigen and the genetic mutation were then screened for in a Japanese population. The molecular nature of the Kg‐antigen was shown to be RhAG with a Lys164Gln mutation. Kg phenotyping further clarified that 0.22% of the Japanese population studied was positive for the Kg‐antigen. These findings provide important information on the Kg‐antigen, which has been clinically presumed to give rise to HDN.