bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of low-dose applications of 2,4-D and dicamba on cucumber and cantaloupe
Authors: Hand Lavesta C. , Vance Jenna C. , Randell Taylor M. , Shugart John , Gray Thomas , Luo Xuelin , Culpepper A. Stanley 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAgronomic crops engineered with resistance to 2,4-D or dicamba have been commercialized and widely adopted throughout the United States. Because of this, increased use of these herbicides in time and space has increased damage to sensitive crops. From 2014 to 2016, cucumber and cantaloupe studies were conducted in Tifton, GA, to demonstrate how auxinic herbicides (namely, 2,4-D or dicamba), herbicide rate (1/75 or 1/250 field use), and application timing (26, 16, and 7 d before harvest [DBH] of cucumber; 54, 31, and 18 DBH of cantaloupe) influenced crop injury, growth, yield, and herbicide residue accumulation in marketable fruit. Greater visual injury, reductions in vine growth, and yield loss were observed at higher rates when herbicides were applied during early-season vegetative growth compared with late-season with fruit development. Dicamba was more injurious in cucumber, whereas cantaloupe responded similarly to both herbicides. For cucumber, total fruit number and relative weights were reduced (16% to 19%) when either herbicide was applied at the 1/75 rate 26 DBH. Cantaloupe fruit weight was also reduced 21% and 10% when either herbicide was applied at the 1/75 rate 54 or 31 DBH, respectively. Residue analysis noted applications made closer to harvest were more likely to be detectable in fruit than earlier applications. In cucumber, dicamba was detected at both rates when applied 7 DBH, whereas in cantaloupe, it was detected at both rates when applied 18 or 31 DBH in 2016 and at the 1/75 rate applied 18 or 31 DBH in 2014. Detectable amounts of 2,4-D were not observed in cucumber but were detected in cantaloupe when applied at either rate 18 or 31 DBH. Although early-season injury will more likely reduce cucumber or cantaloupe yields, the quantity of herbicide residue detected will be most influenced by the time interval between the off-target incident and sampling.
Imaging findings of pulmonary manifestations of chronic granulomatous disease in a large single center from Shanghai, China (1999–2018)
Authors: Yao Qiong , Zhou Qin-hua , Shen Quan-li , Qiao Zhong-wei , Wang Xiao-chuan , Hu Xi-hong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is characterized by recurrent infections and granuloma formation in multiple organs, especially the lung. We aimed to investigate pulmonary manifestations by computed tomography (CT). In total, 100 patients with 117 episodes of pulmonary infection were included. Chest CT scans of every episode were analyzed. Random nodules were the most common findings (79.49%), followed by ground-grass opacities (74.36%), focal consolidations (62.39%), and masses (59.83%). Cavities (12.82%) and multiple small abscesses (17.09%) could be found in the consolidations and masses. CT revealed interstitial pneumonia with tree-in-bud opacities (17.09%), interlobular septal thickening (23.08%) and emphysema (35.04%), which were more severe in the bilateral upper lobes. Mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy (78.63%) and axillary lymphadenopathy (65.81%) were common. Fungal infection (n = 27) was the most common and presented with multiple nodules and masses. Approximately 1/4 of fungal infections had interstitial pneumonia. In Staphylococcus aureus (n = 6) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 3) infections, large areas of consolidation were common. In tuberculosis infection, the pulmonary infections were more severe and complex. For Bacillus Calmette-Guérin disease, left-sided axillary lymphadenopathy was a characteristic manifestation. CT images of CGD demonstrated variable pulmonary abnormalities. The main infectious organisms have unique imaging features.
Pelvic bone morphometric analysis in the dugong (Dugong dugon)
Authors: Nganvongpanit Korakot , Cherdsukjai Phaothep , Boonsri Burin , Buddhachat Kittisak , Kaewmong Patcharaporn , Kittiwattanawong Kongkiat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe dugong (Dugong dugon Müller) is recognized as an endangered marine mammal. There is limited available anatomical data on the dugong’s skeletal system, while what is available has not been well established due to the limited number of archived samples and limited access to them. Importantly, there are certain key questions that should be answered when examining the bones and/or remains of animals such as; what kind of bone is it?; what species does it belong to?; what sex was the animal?; how old was the animal? or how big was it?, etc. In this study, we have focused on the pelvic bone of the dugong by asserting the hypothesis that pelvic bone morphology is related to age, sex, and body size. Here, we have established certain morphometric data encompassing 8 parameters and 5 indexes to analyze the morphology of the pelvic bones obtained from 88 specimens (45 dugongs). We will present three main findings: (1) the pelvic bone in mature male subjects is larger than it is in female subjects, (2) a high rate of accuracy can be established for sex identification using morphometric data obtained from the pelvic bone, and (3) the pelvic bone has the highest degree of correlation with body length, followed by body weight and age. Notably, the important data on the pelvic bone of the dugong acquired in this study can be reliable and extremely useful in sex identification and body size estimation.
Mitochondrial translation inhibition triggers ATF4 activation, leading to integrated stress response but not to mitochondrial unfolded protein response
Authors: Sasaki Katsuhiko , Uchiumi Takeshi , Toshima Takahiro , Yagi Mikako , Do Yura , Hirai Haruka , Igami Ko , Gotoh Kazuhito , Kang Dongchon 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Mitochondrial–nuclear communication, known as retrograde signaling, is important for regulating nuclear gene expression in response to mitochondrial dysfunction. Previously, we have found that p32/C1qbp-deficient mice, which have a mitochondrial translation defect, show endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and integrated stress response (ISR) gene expression in the heart and brain. However, the mechanism by which mitochondrial translation inhibition elicits these responses is not clear. Among the transcription factors that respond to mitochondrial stress, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a key transcription factor in the ISR. Herein, chloramphenicol (CAP), which inhibits mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded protein expression, induced eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α subunit (eIF2α) phosphorylation and ATF4 induction, leading to ISR gene expression. However, the expression of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR) genes, which has been shown in Caenorhabditis elegans, was not induced. Short hairpin RNA-based knockdown of ATF4 markedly inhibited the CAP-induced ISR gene expression. We also observed by ChIP analysis that induced ATF4 bound to the promoter region of several ISR genes, suggesting that mitochondrial translation inhibition induces ISR gene expression through ATF4 activation. In the present study, we showed that mitochondrial translation inhibition induced the ISR through ATF4 activation rather than the mtUPR.
Increasing Pluralistic Education Through Cross-Cultural Interprogram Collaboration
Authors: Franca Maria Claudia , Boyer Valerie , Pegoraro-Krook Maria Inês 
Published: November 2020

PurposeAchieving professional competence requires a wide-ranging approach of preparation through education. Instructional approaches to advance proper training of future clinicians should contain an array of academic and field experiences that translate into clinical competency; this includes immersion in varied sceneries and exposure to different contexts. For that end, it is crucial to embrace the most current societal paradigms.ConclusionsThis tutorial describes activities devised to promote higher education pursuits through intercontinental partnership, using recent and ongoing cooperation between two universities in different countries as a backdrop for reflections. The ultimate goal of this tutorial is to summarize collaborative efforts in order to promote similar pursuits. Activities devised to foster international scholastic partnerships aimed at increased professional competence are described.
Value-Based Health Care: Adjusting Speech-Language Pathology Practice to Fit the Model
Authors: Swigert Nancy B. , Wright Ashley 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
The climate of health care is changing, and reimbursement is evolving into a value-based system. Facilities are pressed to be more fiscally responsible with their resources. The notion of “doing more with less” is becoming a predominant theme across settings, and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) must adjust practice models to prove their value to both payers and customers. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services is moving away from a fee-for-service model, and reimbursement is being based on the quality and safety of services, not the quantity. This article will examine key components of value-based care, including how SLPs can provide their services effectively and efficiently and analyze the value-based reimbursement model in their setting to identify ways to demonstrate their value beyond direct service provision.

Conclusions
Effectiveness and efficiency are the key components of a value-based system. SLPs must stay abreast of evidence-based practice and use appropriate measures to determine the effectiveness of their interventions. They must provide the right service to the right patient with the right frequency and intensity. They must also ensure they are practicing at the top of the license to reduce/eliminate any activities that are not a skilled service, which decrease efficiency. A pivotal component is patient self-management, which places responsibility on patients and caregivers to work toward goals between sessions. SLPs can help promote the value of their services by working collaboratively with other disciplines to improve patient outcomes as well as the fiscal well-being of the facilities in which they serve.
Interprofessional Collaboration to Promote Culturally Engaged and Strengths-Based Practice
Authors: Ellis Erica , Kubalanza Mary , Simon-Cereijido Gabriela , Munger Ashley , Fuligni Allison Sidle 
Published: November 2020

Purpose
To effectively prepare students to engage in interprofessional practice, a number of Communication Disorders (COMD) programs are designing new courses and creating additional opportunities to develop the interprofessional competencies that will support future student success in health and education-related fields. The ECHO (Educational Community Health Outreach) program is one example of how the Rongxiang Xu College of Health and Human Services at California State University, Los Angeles, has begun to create these opportunities. The ultimate goal of the ECHO project is to increase both access to and continuity of oral health care across communities in the greater Los Angeles area.

Method
We describe this innovative interdisciplinary training program within the context of current interprofessional education models. First, we describe the program and its development. Second, we describe how COMD students benefit from the training program. Third, we examine how students from other disciplines experience benefits related to interprofessional education and COMD. Fourth, we provide reflections and insights from COMD faculty who participated in the project.

Conclusions
The ECHO program has great potential for continuing to build innovative clinical training opportunities for students with the inclusion of Child and Family Studies, Public Health, Nursing, and Nutrition departments. These partnerships push beyond the norm of disciplines often used in collaborative efforts in Communication Sciences and Disorders. Additionally, the training students received with ECHO incorporates not only interprofessional education but also relevant and important aspects of diversity and inclusion, as well as strengths-based practices.
Enhancement of microstructure uniformity and grain refining efficiency of Al-5Ti-1B alloy via powder extrusion
Authors: Wang Shuncheng , Huang Huilan , Zhang Zhibo , Zheng Kaihong 
Published: November 2020

Microstructure uniformity and grain refining efficiency of Al-5Ti-1B alloy rod prepared by powder extruded process and continuous casting and rolling process are investigated in detail by X ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and electron probe. It is found that TiB2 and TiAl3 particles are uniformly distributed in the powder extruded Al-5Ti-1B alloy via gas atomization and hot extrusion process. The samples with 0.2% powder extruded Al-5Ti-1B alloy rod holding for 2 min consist of equiaxed grains with an average diameter of 183 µm. Even the holding time extended to 180 min, the average diameter is still stable (229 µm). Al-5Ti-1B alloy rod prepared by the powder extruded process presents better grain refinement and stronger resistance to grain coarsening.
Recent Advances in One-Pot Enyne Metathesis Processes for the Preparation of Biologically and Medicinally Relevant Compounds
Authors: Serra Massimo , Bernardi Eric , Colombo Lino 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEnyne metathesis reactions are powerful tools for the preparation of a wide range of synthetic and natural chemical substances with increasing efficiency and environmental sustainability. The driving force of the reaction is the formation of a stable conjugated system, i.e., a diene, which through further functionalization steps can be used for the construction of skeletally complex molecular architectures. These concepts are exploited to design cascade reaction sequences, where multiple rings can be formed in a one-pot fashion by combining metathetic protocols with various chemical transformations. The strong correlation between synthetic organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry prompted us to review the most notable approaches for the synthesis of biologically relevant compounds via enyne metathesis-based one-pot processes. With the aim to provide a modern and practical overview, by taking into consideration the scientific literature on this topic, we have focused the majority of our attention on the research performed in the last decade. This review covers the literature from 2003 to 2020.1 Introduction2 Ethylene-Mediated Processes3 RCEYM/CM and CEYM/RCM Processes4 Enyne Metathesis/Diels–Alder-Based Processes5 RCM of Dienynes6 RCM of Tethered Dienynes7 Relay Metathesis8 Ring-Rearrangement Metathesis9 RCEYM/Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–C Bond-Forming Processes10 Conclusions11 List of Acronyms
On existence and uniqueness of a carrying simplex in Kolmogorov differential systems
Authors: Hou Zhanyuan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper deals with global asymptotic behaviour of the dynamics for N-dimensional competitive Kolmogorov differential systems of equations

d

x

i

d
t

=

x

i

f

i

(

x

)

,

1
⩽
i
⩽
N
,

x
∈

R

+

N

. A theory based on monotone dynamical systems was well established by Hirsch (1988 Nonlinearity
1 51–71). One of his theorems is outstanding and states the existence of a co-dimension 1 compact invariant submanifold Σ that attracts all the nontrivial orbits under certain assumptions and, in practice, under the condition that the system is totally competitive (all N
2 entries of the Jacobian matrix Df are negative). The submanifold Σ has been called carrying simplex since then and the theorem has been well accepted with many hundreds of citations. In this paper, we point out that the requirement of total competition is too restrictive and too strong; we prove the existence and uniqueness of a carry simplex under the assumption of strong internal competition only (i.e. N diagonal entries of Df are negative), a much weaker condition than total competition. Thus, we improve the theorem significantly by dramatic cost reduction from requiring N
2 to N negative entries of Df. As an example of applications of the main result, the existence and global attraction (repulsion) of a heteroclinic limit cycle for three-dimensional systems is discussed and two concrete examples are given to demonstrate the existence of such heteroclinic cycles.
On the crystallization kinetics of multicomponent nano-chalcogenide Se79-xTe15In6Pbx(x = 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) alloys
Authors: Anjali  , Patial Balbir Singh , Bhardwaj Suresh , Awasthi A M , Thakur Nagesh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNanotechnology continuously rises due to its potential applications. To control nano-materials design and microstructure, it is very essential to understand nucleation and crystalline growth in these materials. In this research contribution, crystallization kinetics and thermal behaviour of nano-crystalline Se79-xTe15In6Pbx(x = 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 at. wt%) chalcogenide alloys is analyzed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) process under non-isothermal conditions at four different heating rates; 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C min−1. The examined Se-Te-In-Pb nano-chalcogenide system is prepared through melt-quenching process. Characteristic temperatures namely glass transition temperature (Tg), onset crystallization temperature (To), peak temperature of crystallization (Tp) and melting temperature (Tm) show dependence on heating rate and composition. The various kinetic parameters such as activation energy of glass transition (Eg), activation energy of crystallization (Ec), reduced glass transition temperature (Trg), Hruby number (Kgl), thermal stability parameters (SandH’) and fragility index (Fi) are analyzed for investigated Se-Te-In-Pb nano-crystalline system. Different empirical approaches are applied to determine the apparent glass transition activation energy (Eg) and crystallization activation energy (Ec).
Number of Concussions Does Not Affect Treatment Response to Cognitive Rehabilitation Interventions Following Mild TBI in Military Service Members
Authors: Ord Anna S , Shura Robert D , Curtiss Glenn , Armistead-Jehle Patrick , Vanderploeg Rodney D , Bowles Amy O , Kennedy Jan E , Tate David F , Cooper Douglas B 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe study objective was to determine whether number of concussions would affect symptom improvement following cognitive rehabilitation (CR) interventions.MethodService members (N = 126) with concussion history completed a 6-week randomized control trial of CR interventions. Participants were stratified based on self-reported lifetime concussion frequency. Outcome measures included the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), the Global Severity Index (GSI) from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, and the Key Behaviors Change Inventory (KBCI).ResultsMixed-model analyses of variance revealed a significant main effect for time on cognitive, psychological, and neurobehavioral functioning. A significant main effect for the number of concussions was observed for GSI and KBCI, but not PASAT. Interactions between the number of concussions and time were not significant for any of the outcome variables.ConclusionsOver the 6-week interval, improvements were found for all participants across all outcome measures. Number of concussions did not affect improvements over time.
Democratic Culture and the Development of Artificial Intelligence in the USA and China
Authors: Abungu Cecil Yongo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Advancement in artificial intelligence has gradually become a pressing concern for the world’s leading nations, especially the USA and China. In this article, the author confronts an argument made and alluded to in certain quarters: that when considered next to China’s, the US democratic culture leaves it disadvantaged in the development of artificial intelligence insofar as it stands in the way of decisive and coordinated action. The author deploys a variety of case study situations to analyse the claim and eventually finds that the apparent disadvantage is, at worst, inexistent and, at best, negligible. Instead, it is argued that the differences in democratic culture between the two countries may, in fact, be responsible for the still-leading innovation within artificial intelligence development in the USA. Through demonstrating the faults of this disadvantage thesis, the final aim of this article is to call on US law- and policy-makers to retain faith in their democratic culture.
Sodium intake, life expectancy, and all-cause mortality
Authors: Messerli Franz H , Hofstetter Louis , Syrogiannouli Lamprini , Rexhaj Emrush , Siontis George C M , Seiler Christian , Bangalore Sripal 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Aims
Since dietary sodium intake has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death, a high sodium intake can be expected to curtail life span. We tested this hypothesis by analysing the relationship between sodium intake and life expectancy as well as survival in 181 countries worldwide.

Methods and results
We correlated age-standardized estimates of country-specific average sodium consumption with healthy life expectancy at birth and at age of 60 years, death due to non-communicable diseases and all-cause mortality for the year of 2010, after adjusting for potential confounders such as gross domestic product per capita and body mass index. We considered global health estimates as provided by World Health Organization. Among the 181 countries included in this analysis, we found a positive correlation between sodium intake and healthy life expectancy at birth (β = 2.6 years/g of daily sodium intake, R 2 = 0.66, P &lt; 0.001), as well as healthy life expectancy at age 60 (β = 0.3 years/g of daily sodium intake, R 2 = 0.60, P = 0.048) but not for death due to non-communicable diseases (β = 17 events/g of daily sodium intake, R 2 = 0.43, P = 0.100). Conversely, all-cause mortality correlated inversely with sodium intake (β = −131 events/g of daily sodium intake, R 2 = 0.60, P &lt; 0.001). In a sensitivity analysis restricted to 46 countries in the highest income class, sodium intake continued to correlate positively with healthy life expectancy at birth (β = 3.4 years/g of daily sodium intake, R 2 = 0.53, P &lt; 0.001) and inversely with all-cause mortality (β = −168 events/g of daily sodium intake, R 2 = 0.50, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
Our observation of sodium intake correlating positively with life expectancy and inversely with all-cause mortality worldwide and in high-income countries argues against dietary sodium intake being a culprit of curtailing life span or a risk factor for premature death. These data are observational and should not be used as a base for nutritional interventions.