bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric Testing of the Chinese Version of Second Victim Experience and Support Tool
Authors: Zhang Xin , Chen Jingli , Lee Shih-Yu 
Published: March 2020

Objectives
The Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST) is a 29-item, nine-subscale questionnaire, which measures the second-victim experience and quality of support resources after the health professionals involved with medical errors. Second victim is common among the registered nurses (RNs) in China; however, no Chinese version of the SVEST is available. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the SVEST (C-SVEST) among RNs.

Methods
The SVEST was forward and backward translated. The reliability and validity of the final C-SVEST were tested by using 625 RNs in Beijing, China. Internal consistency and split-half analysis were used to examine reliability, content validity was evaluated by expert committee, and validity was assessed via exploratory factory analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.

Results
The Cronbach α coefficient (0.59–0.92) and split-half analysis (Spearman-Brown coefficient = 0.88) were acceptable. The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.85 to 0.97. The average of scale-level content validity index was 0.91. Eight factors were extracted by exploratory factory analysis, which explained 70.8% of the total variance of second-victim experience and support in the C-SVEST. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit for a nine-factor structure and the values were acceptable: root mean square error approximation = 0.07; comparative fit index = 0.90; goodness-of-fit index = 0.84; and χ2/df = 2.19.

Conclusions
The C-SVEST is a valid and reliable tool to assess the extent of second-victim distress and support resources in Chinese health care workers. In Asian culture, nurses are hesitant to express emotional distress and instead they express physical discomfort and turnover intentions.
Body of Evidence: Do Autopsy Findings Impact Medical Malpractice Claim Outcomes?
Authors: Gartland Rajshri M. , Myers Laura C. , Iorgulescu J. Bryan , Nguyen Anthony T. , Yu-Moe C. Winnie , Falcone Bianca , Mitchell Richard , Kachalia Allen , Mort Elizabeth 
Published: March 2020

Objective
Clinicians may hesitate to advocate for autopsies out of concern for increased malpractice risk if the pathological findings at time of death differ from the clinical findings. We aimed to understand the impact of autopsy findings on malpractice claim outcomes.

Methods
Closed malpractice claims with loss dates between 1995 and 2015 involving death related to inpatient care at 3 Harvard Medical School hospitals were extracted from a captive malpractice insurer’s database. These claims were linked to patients’ electronic health records and their autopsy reports. Using the Goldman classification system, 2 physician reviewers blinded to claim outcome determined whether there was major, minor, or no discordance between the final clinical diagnoses and pathologic diagnoses. Claims were compared depending on whether an autopsy was performed and whether there was major versus minor/no clinical-pathologic discordance. Primary outcomes included percentage of claims paid through settlement or plaintiff verdict and the amount of indemnity paid, inflation adjusted.

Results
Of 293 malpractice claims related to an inpatient death that could be linked to patients’ electronic health records, 89 claims (30%) had an autopsy performed by either the hospital or medical examiner. The most common claim allegation was an issue with clinician diagnosis, which was statistically less common in the autopsy group (18% versus 38%, P = 0.001). There was no difference in percentage of claims paid whether an autopsy was performed or not (42% versus 41%, P = 0.90) and no difference in median indemnity of paid claims after adjusting for number of defendants ($1,180,537 versus $906,518, P = 0.15). Thirty-one percent of claims with hospital autopsies performed demonstrated major discordance between autopsy and clinical findings. Claims with major clinical-pathologic discordance also did not have a statistically significant difference in percentage paid (44% versus 41%, P > 0.99) or amount paid ($895,954 versus $1,494,120, P = 0.10) compared with claims with minor or no discordance.

Conclusions
Although multiple factors determine malpractice claim outcome, in this cohort, claims in which an autopsy was performed did not result in more paid outcomes, even when there was major discordance between clinical and pathologic diagnoses.
Characteristics of Critical Incident Reporting Systems in Primary Care: An International Survey
Authors: Höcherl Andreas , Lüttel Dagmar , Schütze Dania , Blazejewski Tatjana , González-González Ana Isabel , Gerlach Ferdinand M. , Müller Beate S. 
Published: March 2020

Objective
The aim of the study was to support the development of future critical incident reporting systems (CIRS) in primary care by collecting information on existing systems. Our focus was on processes used to report and analyze incidents, as well as strategies used to overcome difficulties.

Methods
Based on literature from throughout the world, we identified existing CIRS in primary care. We developed a questionnaire and sent it to operators of a purposeful sample of 17 CIRS in primary care. We used cross-case analysis to compare the answers and pinpoint important similarities and differences in the CIRS in our sample.

Results
Ten CIRS operators filled out the questionnaire, and 9 systems met our inclusion criteria. The sample of CIRS came from 8 different countries and was rather heterogeneous. The reporting systems invited a broad range of professions to report, with some also including reports by patients. In most cases, reporting was voluntary and conducted via an online reporting form. Reports were analyzed locally, centrally, or both. The various CIRS used interesting ideas to deal with barriers. Some, for example, used confidential reporting modes as a compromise between anonymity and the need for follow-up investigations, whereas others used smartphone applications and call centers to speed up the reporting process.

Conclusions
We found multiple CIRS that have operated in primary care for many years and have received a high number of reports. They were largely developed in accordance with recommendations found in literature. Developers of future systems may find this overview useful.
Roseibium aestuarii sp. nov., isolated from Pearl River Estuary
Authors: Duan Li , Li Jia-ling , Li Xin , Dong Lei , Fang Bao-Zhu , Xiao Min , Mou Xiaozhen , Li Wen-Jun 
Published: March 2020

A novel bacterium, designated strain SYSU M00256-3T, was isolated from a water sample collected from Pearl River Estuary at Guangzhou, PR China. Its taxonomic position was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Cells of the strain were Gram-staining-negative, motile, aerobic and rod-shaped with peritrichous flagella. It could grow at 15–45 °C, pH 4.0–10.0 and in the presence of 0–7.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The chemotaxonomic features of strain SYSU M00256-3T included ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the sole respiratory quinone; phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid as major polar lipids; summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
ω7c and C18 : 1
ω6c) as the predominant fatty acids (>70 %). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain SYSU M00256-3T was most closely related to the type strains of

Roseibium hamelinense

CGMCC 1.12584T (97.7 %) and

R. aquae

CGMCC 1.12426T (97.2 %),

R. sediminis

KCTC 52373T (96.7 %),

R. denhamense

CGMCC 1.12583T (96.4 %). The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between R. aestuarii SYSU M00256-3T and

R. hamelinense

CGMCC 1.12584T,

R. aquae

CGMCC 1.12426T,

R. denhamense

CGMCC 1.12583T and

R. sediminis

KCTC 52373T were 78.0, 78.2, 77.7 and 78.8, and the dDDH value is 20.0, 20.8, 20.1 and 20.6 correspondingly. Based on the analyses of the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain SYSU M00256-3T is characterized to represent a novel species of the genus

Roseibium

, for which the name Roseibium aestuarii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYSU M00256-3T (=NBRC 112946T=CGMCC 1.16156T).
A glucose-stimulated BOLD fMRI study of hypothalamic dysfunction in mice fed a high-fat and high-sucrose diet
Authors: Mohr Adélaïde A. , Garcia-Serrano Alba M. , Vieira João P.P. , Skoug Cecilia , Davidsson Henrik , Duarte João M.N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe hypothalamus is the central regulator of energy homeostasis. Hypothalamic neuronal circuits are disrupted upon overfeeding, and play a role in the development of metabolic disorders. While mouse models have been extensively employed for understanding mechanisms of hypothalamic dysfunction, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on hypothalamic nuclei has been challenging. We implemented a robust glucose-induced fMRI paradigm that allows to repeatedly investigate hypothalamic responses to glucose. This approach was used to test the hypothesis that hypothalamic nuclei functioning is impaired in mice exposed to a high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) for 7 days. The blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI signal was measured from brains of mice under light isoflurane anaesthesia, during which a 2.6 g/kg glucose load was administered. The mouse hypothalamus responded to glucose but not saline administration with a biphasic BOLD fMRI signal reduction. Relative to controls, HFHSD-fed mice showed attenuated or blunted responses in arcuate nucleus, lateral hypothalamus, ventromedial nucleus and dorsomedial nucleus, but not in paraventricular nucleus. In sum, we have developed an fMRI paradigm that is able to determine dysfunction of glucose-sensing neuronal circuits within the mouse hypothalamus in a non-invasive manner.
Chronic antidepressant treatments rescue reduced REM sleep theta power in a rat social defeat stress model of depression
Authors: Matsuda Yoshiki , Ozawa Nobuyuki , Shinozaki Takiko , Aoki Kazuhisa , Nihonmatsu-Kikuchi Naomi , Shinba Toshikazu , Tatebayashi Yoshitaka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough It is widely recognized that virtually all antidepressants (ADs) suppress rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, the effects of chronic AD treatments on sleep abnormalities, especially those of REM sleep, have rarely been investigated comprehensively in animal models of major depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we show that chronic social defeat stress (SDS) in rats induces prolonged social avoidance and MDD-like alterations in sleep architecture (increased REM sleep durations, bouts, and shortened REM latency) even a month after the last SDS. These abnormalities were associated with changes in electroencephalography (EEG) spectra powers, such as reduced REM sleep theta powers during the light phase. Chronic AD treatments significantly ameliorated these behavioral, sleep, and EEG abnormalities, although in some cases not to control levels. Interestingly, the social interaction ratios a month after the last SDS most strongly correlated with the REM sleep theta powers. These results suggest that chronic AD treatments suppress REM sleep durations and bouts as observed in human MDD patients, but, at the same time, increase REM sleep theta power. The latter is an EEG parameter that has never been directly investigated in humans, and which may be responsible for the therapeutic effects of ADs.Significance StatementDisturbed sleep is one of nine diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD), which usually resolves with adequate treatment. However, little is known about how antidepressants (AD) work in MDD animal models. Here, we developed a novel rat social defeat stress model demonstrating long-lasting MDD-like sleep disturbances. We found that chronic AD treatments suppressed REM durations and bouts as reported previously, but, at the same time, increased REM sleep theta power. Interestingly, among several sleep parameters, only REM sleep theta power strongly correlated with depressive symptoms at 1M. Thus, REM sleep theta power, an EEG parameter that has never been investigated directly in humans, could be a novel indicator for MDD and/or AD effects.
The Effect of Self-Loading on the Mechano-Stability and Stalk Lodging Resistance of Plant Stems
Authors: Stubbs Christopher J , Oduntan Yusuf , Keep Tyrone , Noble Scott D , Robertson Daniel J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundStalk lodging (breaking of agricultural plant stalks prior to harvest) is a multi-billion dollar a year problem. Stalk lodging occurs when bending moments induced by a combination of external loading (e.g. wind) and self-loading (e.g. the plant’s own weight) exceed the bending strength of plant stems. Previous biomechanical plant stem models have investigated both external loading and self-loading of plants, but have evaluated them as separate and independent phenomena. However, these two types of loading are highly interconnected and mutually dependent. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to investigate the combined effect of external loads and plant weight on the displacement and stress state of plant stems / stalks, and (2) to provide a generalized framework for accounting for self-weight during mechanical phenotyping experiments used to predict stalk lodging resistance.ResultsA method of properly accounting for the interconnected relationship between self-loading and external loading of plants stems is presented. The interconnected set of equations are used to produce user-friendly applications by presenting (1) simplified self-loading correction factors for a number of common external loading configurations of plants, and (2) a generalized Microsoft Excel framework that calculates the influence of self-loading on crop stems. The effect of self-loading on the structural integrity of wheat is examined in detail. A survey of several other plants is conducted and the influence of self-loading on their structural integrity is also presented.ConclusionsThe self-loading of plants plays a potentially critical role on the structural integrity of plant stems. Equations and tools provided herein enable researchers to account for the plant’s weight when investigating the flexural rigidity and bending strength of plant stems.
Hippocampus plays a role in speech feedback processing
Authors: van de Ven Vincent , Waldorp Lourens , Christoffels Ingrid 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that the hippocampus is involved in language production and verbal communication, although little is known about its possible role. According to one view, hippocampus contributes semantic memory to spoken language. Alternatively, hippocampus is involved in the processing the (mis)match between expected sensory consequences of speaking and the perceived speech feedback. In the current study, we re-analysed functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) data of two overt picture-naming studies to test whether hippocampus is involved in speech production and, if so, whether the results can distinguish between a “pure memory” versus an “expectation” account of hippocampal involvement. In both studies, participants overtly named pictures during scanning while hearing their own speech feedback unimpededly or impaired by a superimposed noise mask. Results showed decreased hippocampal activity when speech feedback was impaired, compared to when feedback was unimpeded. Further, we found increased functional coupling between auditory cortex and hippocampus during unimpeded speech feedback, compared to impaired feedback. Finally, we found significant functional coupling between a hippocampal/supplementary motor area (SMA) interaction term and auditory cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and cerebellum during overt picture naming, but not during listening to one’s own pre-recorded voice. These findings indicate that hippocampus plays a role in speech production that is in accordance with an “expectation” view of hippocampal functioning.
Iatrogenic Iron Promotes Neurodegeneration and Activates Self-protection of Neural Cells against Exogenous Iron Attacks
Authors: Xia Maosheng , Liang Shanshan , Li Shuai , Li Zexiong , Zhang Manman , Chen Beina , Dong Chengyi , Chen Binjie , Ji Ming , Gong Wenliang , Guan Dawei , Verkhratsky Alexei , Li Baoman 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTMetal implants are used worldwide, with millions of metal nails, plates and fixtures grafted during orthopaedic surgeries. Iron is the most common element of these metal implants. As time passes metal elements can be corroded and iron can be released from the implants in the form of ferric (Fe3+) or ferrous (Fe2+). These iron ions can permeate the surrounding tissues and enter circulation; importantly both Fe3+and Fe2+freely pass blood brain barrier (BBB). Can iron from implants represent a risk factor for neurological diseases? This remains an unanswered question. In this study, we discovered that the probability of metal implants delivered through orthopaedic surgeries was higher in patients of Parkinson’s diseases (PD) or ischemic stroke than in healthy subjects. This finding instigated subsequent study of iron effects on neuronal cells. In experimentsin vivo, we found that iron selectively decreased presence of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) in neurones through increasing the expression of Ndfip1, which degrades DMT1 and rarely exists in glial cells. At the same time iron accumulation increased expression of DMT1 in astrocytes and microglial cells and triggered reactive astrogliosis and microglial activation. Facing the attack of excess iron, glial cells act as neuroprotectors to uptake more extracellular iron by up-regulating DMT1, whereas neurones limit iron uptake through decreasing DMT1 operation. Cerebral accumulation of iron was associated with impaired cognition, locomotion and mood. Excess iron thus affects neural cells and could increase the risk of neurodegeneration.
Flexible Representations of Odour Categories in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb
Authors: Kudryavitskaya Elena , Marom Eran , Pash David , Mizrahi Adi 
Published: March 2020

SUMMARYThe ability to group sensory stimuli into categories is crucial for efficient interaction with a rich and ever-changing environment. In olfaction, basic features of categorical representation of odours were observed as early as in the olfactory bulb (OB). Categorical representation was described in mitral cells (MCs) as sudden transitions in responses to odours that were morphed along a continuum. However, it remains unclear to what extent such response dynamics actually reflects perceptual categories and decisions therein. Here, we tested the role of learning on category formation in the mouse OB, usingin vivotwo-photon calcium imaging and behaviour. We imaged MCs responses in naïve mice and in awake behaving mice as they learned two tasks with different classification logic. In one task, a 1-decision boundary task, animals learned to classify odour mixtures based on the dominant compound in the mixtures. As expected, categorical representation of close by odours, which was evident already in naïve animals, further increased following learning. In a second task, a multi-decision boundary task, animals learned to classify odours independent of their chemical similarity. Rather, odour discrimination was based on the meaning ascribed to them (either rewarding or not). Following the second task, odour representations by MCs reorganized according to the odour value in the new category. This functional reorganization was also reflected as a shift from predominantly excitatory odour responses to predominantly inhibitory odour responses. Our data shows that odour representations by MCs is flexible, shaped by task demands, and carry category-related information.
Monodisperse drops templated by 3D-structured microparticles
Authors: Wu Chueh-Yu , Wang Bao , de Rutte Joseph , Ouyang Mengxing , Joo Alexis , Jacobs Matthew , Ha Kyung , Bertozzi Andrea L. , Di Carlo Dino 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe ability to create uniform sub-nanoliter compartments using microfluidic control has enabled new approaches for analysis of single cells and molecules. However, specialized instruments or expertise have been required, slowing the adoption of these cutting-edge applications. Here, we show that 3D-structured microparticles with sculpted surface chemistries template uniformly-sized aqueous drops when simply mixed with two immiscible fluid phases. In contrast to traditional emulsions, particle-templated drops of a controlled volume occupy a minimum in the interfacial energy of the system, such that a stable monodisperse state results with simple and reproducible formation conditions. We describe techniques to manufacture microscale drop-carrier particles and show that emulsions created with these particles prevent molecular exchange, concentrating reactions within the drops, laying a foundation for sensitive compartmentalized assays with minimal instrumentation.
TheCoxiella burnetiiQpH1 plasmid is a virulence factor for colonizing bone marrow-derived murine macrophages
Authors: Luo Shengdong , Sun Zhihui , Fan Huahao , Lu Shanshan , Hu Yan , Li Ruisheng , An Xiaoping , Tong Yigang , Song Lihua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCoxiella burnetiicarries a large conserved plasmid or plasmid-like chromosomally integrated sequence of unknown function. Here we report the curing of QpH1 plasmid fromC. burnetiiNine Mile phase II, the characterization of QpH1-deficientC. burnetiiin in vitro and in vivo infection models, and the characterization of plasmid biology. A shuttle vector pQGK, which is composed of the CBUA0036-0039a region (predicted for QpH1 maintenance), anE. coliplasmid ori, eGFP and kanamycin resistance genes was constructed. The pQGK vector can be stably transformed into Nine Mile II and maintained at a similar low copy like QpH1. Importantly, transformation with pQGK cured the endogenous QpH1 due to plasmid incompatibility. Compared to a Nine Mile II transformant of a RSF1010-based vector, the pQGK transformant shows an identical one-step growth curve in axenic media, a similar growth curve in Buffalo green monkey kidney cells, an evident growth defect in macrophage-like THP-1 cells, and dramatically reduced ability of colonizing bone marrow-derived murine macrophages. In the SCID mouse infection model, the pQGK transformants caused a lesser extent of splenomegaly. Moreover, the plasmid biology was investigated by mutagenesis. We found CBUA0037-0039 are essential for plasmid maintenance, and CBUA0037-0038 account for plasmid compatibility. Taken together, our data suggest that QpH1 encodes factor(s) essential for colonizing murine macrophages, and to a lesser extent for colonizing human macrophages. This study highlights a critical role of QpH1 forC. burnetiipersistence in rodents, and expands the toolkit for genetic studies inC. burnetii.Author summaryIt is postulated thatC. burnetiirecently evolved from an inherited symbiont of ticks by the acquisition of novel virulence factors. AllC. burnetiiisolates carry a large plasmid or have a chromosomally integrated plasmid-like sequence. The plasmid is a candidate virulence factor that contributes toC. burnetiievolution. Here we describe the construction of novel shuttle vectors that allow to make plasmid-deficientC. burnetiimutants. With this plasmid-curing approach, we characterized the role of the QpH1 plasmid inin vitroandin vivo C. burnetiiinfection models. We found that the plasmid plays a critical role forC. burnetiigrowth in macrophages, especially in murine macrophages, but not in axenic media and BGMK cells. Our work highlights an essential role of the plasmid for the acquisition of colonizing capability in rodents byC. burnetii. This study represents a major step toward unravelling the mystery of theC. burnetiicryptic plasmids.