bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Patellar Clunk or Crepitation after Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Duan Guman , Cai Sijia , Lin Weiwei , Pan Yongwei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPatellar clunk and crepitation (PCC) have been reported as a consequence of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The incidence and contributing factors have not been fully defined. We performed this systematic review to evaluate factors associated with PCC following primary TKA. We identified studies on PCC following TKA from an electronic search of articles in Medline, Embase and the Cochrane databases (dated up to May 2018). Eighteen studies altogether, including 600 cases of PCC within 8,131 TKAs, were included in the meta-analysis. Several factors including demographic, intraoperative, clinical variables, and radiographic measurements were pooled for meta-analysis. Among intraoperative and clinical variables, patients involved with patellar retention (odds ratio [OR] = 9.420; confidence interval [CI]: 5.770–13.070), lateral reticular release (OR = 2.818; CI: 1.114–7.125), and previous surgery (OR = 2.724; CI: 1.549–4.790) were more likely to having PCCs. Among radiographic measurements, increased anterior tibial offset (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.387; CI: 0.139–0.634), increased joint line changes (WMD = 1.325; CI: 0.595–2.055), and increased knee flexion angle (WMD = 3.592; CI: 1.811–5.374) were considered risk factors associated with PCC. Demographic factors (age, gender, body mass index [BMI], and diagnosis) and other reported radiographic measurements were not associated with PCCs. This study identified intraoperative variables (patellar retention and lateral reticular release), clinical variables (previous surgery), and radiographic measurements (increased anterior tibial offset, increased joint line changes, and increased postoperative knee flexion angle) that contribute to an increased risk for PCC. Modifiable factors (patellar retention and lateral reticular release) should be considered and addressed to limit the risk for PCC following TKA. Patients with conditions that may not be modifiable may benefit from counseling about their increased risks for PCC to limit potential dissatisfaction with their procedure.
Trends in Periprosthetic Knee Infection and Associated Costs: A Population-Based Study Using National Data
Authors: Brochin Robert , Poeran Jashvant , Vig Khushdeep S. , Keswani Aakash , Zubizarreta Nicole , Galatz Leesa M. , Moucha Calin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGiven increasing demand for primary knee arthroplasties, revision surgery is also expected to increase, with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) a main driver of costs. Recent data on national trends is lacking. We aimed to assess trends in PJI in total knee arthroplasty revisions and hospitalization costs. From the National Inpatient Sample (2003–2016), we extracted data on total knee arthroplasty revisions (n = 782,449). We assessed trends in PJI prevalence and (inflation-adjusted) hospitalization costs (total as well as per-day costs) for all revisions and stratified by hospital teaching status (rural/urban by teaching status), hospital bed size (≤299, 300–499, and ≥500 beds), and hospital region (Northeast, Midwest, South, and West). The Cochran–Armitage trend test (PJI prevalence) and linear regression determined significance of trends. PJI prevalence overall was 25.5% (n = 199,818) with a minor increasing trend: 25.3% (n = 7,828) in 2003 to 28.9% (n = 19,275) in 2016; p < 0.0001. Median total hospitalization costs for PJI decreased slightly ($23,247 in 2003–$20,273 in 2016; p < 0.0001) while median per-day costs slightly increased ($3,452 in 2003–$3,727 in 2016; p < 0.0001), likely as a function of decreasing length of stay. With small differences between hospitals, the lowest and highest PJI prevalences were seen in small (≤299 beds; 22.9%) and urban teaching hospitals (27.3%), respectively. In stratification analyses, an increasing trend in PJI prevalence was particularly seen in larger (≥500 beds) hospitals (24.4% in 2003–30.7% in 2016; p < 0.0001), while a decreasing trend was seen in small-sized hospitals. Overall, PJI in knee arthroplasty revisions appears to be slightly increasing. Moreover, increasing trends in large hospitals and decreasing trends in small-sized hospitals suggest a shift in patients from small to large volume hospitals. Decreasing trends in total costs, alongside increasing trends in per-day costs, suggest a strong impact of length of stay trends and a more efficient approach to PJI over the years (in terms of shorter length of stay).
Flash Sterilization and Component Reimplantation Is a Viable Option for Articulating Antibiotic Spacers in Periprosthetic Knee Infections
Authors: Karas Vasili , Rutherford Richard W. , Herschmiller Thomas A. , Plate Johannes F. , Bolognesi Michael P. , Joyce Maria J. , Wellman Samuel S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe articulating antibiotic spacer is a treatment utilized for two-stage revision of an infected total knee arthroplasty. The original femoral component is retained and reused in one described variation of this technique. The purpose of this study is to determine the safety and efficacy of flash sterilization of the femoral component for reimplantation in an articulating antibiotic spacer for the treatment of chronic periprosthetic joint infection. A total of 10 patients were identified prospectively with a culture positive infected total knee arthroplasty. The patients underwent explantation, debridement, and placement of an articulating antibiotic spacer consisting of the explanted and sterilized femoral component and a new polyethylene tibial insert. The explanted tibial components were cleaned and flash-sterilized with the femoral components, but the components were then aseptically packaged and sent to our microbiology laboratory for sonication and culture of the sonicate for 14 days. Ten of 10 cleaned tibial components were negative for bacterial growth of the infecting organism after final testing and analysis. At 18-month follow-up, 9 of 10 of patients remained clear of infection. Among the 10 patients, 7 were pleased with their articulating spacer construct and had no intention of electively pursuing reimplantation. Also, 3 of 10 of patients were successfully reimplanted at a mean of 6.5 months after explantation. Autoclave sterilization and reimplantation of components may be a safe and potentially resource-sparing method of articulating spacer placement in two-stage treatment of PJI. Patient follow-up demonstrated clinical eradication of infection in 90% of cases with good patient tolerance of the antibiotic spacer.
Are You In or Are You Out? Provider Note Sharing in Pediatrics
Authors: Bialostozky Mario , Huang Jeannie S. , Kuelbs Cynthia L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background The OpenNotes initiative launched an international movement aimed at making health care more transparent by improving communication with, and access to, information for patients through provider note sharing. Little has been written either on provider note sharing in pediatric and adolescent populations or on the impact of system default settings versus voluntary provider note sharing.
Objective We describe our journey as a pediatric integrated delivery network to default share notes in ambulatory specialty practices not only with parent proxies but also with teens and discuss the methods that led to a successful implementation.
Methods Retrospective analysis of every ambulatory shareable medical provider note written in pediatric subspecialty clinics within an integrated pediatric delivery network from April 2017 through March 2019.
Results From April 2017 to February 2018, a total of 221,655 notes were shareable based on organizational policies, yet only 224 (0.1%) were actually shared with patients and families. After implementing a system of default release of notes from March 2018 to January 2019, a total of 224,960 notes were shareable, of which 191,379 (85%) were shared.
Conclusion Requiring providers to take an action to share notes (opt-in) results in few notes being shared while requiring providers to take an action to not share notes (opt-out) results in high levels of note sharing. We demonstrate that default release of notes in pediatric organizations to both proxies and teens is not only achievable but also likely to lead to increased provider note sharing with patients without obvious negative impact on providers or the organization.
The Role of Laparoscopy in Anorectal Malformations
Authors: Rentea Rebecca M. , Halleran Devin R. , Wood Richard J. , Levitt Marc A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe use of laparoscopy in the minimally invasive management of anorectal malformations (ARMs) continues to evolve, although the principles guiding the anatomic surgical repair and clinical follow-up remain unchanged. In this review, we detail the advantages, indications, contraindications, complications, and issues unique to the minimally invasive approach to ARM. A comprehensive search of the PubMed and Embase databases was performed (2014–2018). Full-text screening, data abstraction, and quality appraisal were performed of articles describing the use of laparoscopy in ARM and cloaca. While new developments and approaches to ARM utilizing minimally invasive techniques and timing for surgical approach have been detailed, a unique complication profile involving greater risk of rectal prolapse and retention of a remnant of the original fistula are still consistently reported. Analysis of perioperative complications and long-term functional outcomes, including rates of fecal and urinary continence, are lacking. It is clear that patient selection for the choice of surgical approach based on precise preoperative delineation of the anatomy is the key. Adherence to the principles of ARM repair as well as application of operative/imaging adjuncts will yield the best technically safe minimally invasive approach to ARM. Continued efforts for standardized reporting and long-term follow-up are required.
Trends in Utilization of Total and Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty in the United States
Authors: Kahlenberg Cynthia A. , Richardson Shawn S. , Gruskay Jordan A. , Cross Michael B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTotal knee replacement (TKR) and unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) are successful procedures for patients with knee arthritis. While strict criteria were proposed early on for UKR, some surgeons have expanded these indications to include younger and heavier patients. The purpose of this study is to analyze trends in usage of TKR and UKR in the United States. This retrospective study analyzed an insurance administrative dataset. Patients who underwent primary TKR and UKR were identified via current procedural terminology codes. Information on incidence, obesity, use of computer navigation, and surgical setting were collected. We analyzed 7,194 UKRs and 128,849 TKRs performed from 2007 to 2016. Prevalence of obesity in both groups increased over the study period. Utilization of computer navigation increased for UKR but declined for TKR. The rate of outpatient procedures significantly increased for UKR but remained constant for TKR. Both TKR and UKR are being performed at increasing rates and on heavier patients. The use of computer navigation and outpatient surgical setting is increasing for UKR but not for TKR. Knowledge of these trends is important for surgeons and policy-makers to help inform surgical indications and resource allocation.
Metabolomic Pathways Predicting Labor Dystocia by Maternal Body Mass Index
Authors: Carlson Nicole S. , Frediani Jennifer K. , Corwin Elizabeth J. , Dunlop Anne , Jones Dean 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the metabolic pathways activated in the serum of African-American women during late pregnancy that predicted term labor dystocia.
Study Design Matched case–control study (n = 97; 48 cases of term labor dystocia and 49 normal labor progression controls) with selection based on body mass index (BMI) at hospital admission and maternal age. Late pregnancy serum samples were analyzed using ultra-high-resolution metabolomics. Differentially expressed metabolic features and pathways between cases experiencing term labor dystocia and normal labor controls were evaluated in the total sample, among women who were obese at the time of labor (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), and among women who were not obese.
Results Labor dystocia was predicted by different metabolic pathways in late pregnancy serum among obese (androgen/estrogen biosynthesis) versus nonobese African-American women (fatty acid activation, steroid hormone biosynthesis, bile acid biosynthesis, glycosphingolipid metabolism). After adjusting for maternal BMI and age in the total sample, labor dystocia was predicted by tryptophan metabolic pathways in addition to C21 steroid hormone, glycosphingolipid, and androgen/estrogen metabolism.
Conclusion Metabolic pathways consistent with lipotoxicity, steroid hormone production, and tryptophan metabolism in late pregnancy serum were significantly associated with term labor dystocia in African-American women.
Clinical Utility of Weekly Laboratory Testing in the Outpatient Management of Preeclampsia and Gestational Hypertension
Authors: Morgan John A. , McCalmont Lauren E. , Towers Craig V. , Davis Melissa , Hankins Miriam , Rangnekar Niyati , McNeal Mary Ellen , Lewis David F. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective To investigate the utility of obtaining weekly laboratory testing in patients managed as an outpatient for gestational hypertension and preeclampsia without severe features.
Study Design A multisite retrospective cohort study was performed evaluating preterm women diagnosed with gestational hypertension/preeclampsia managed in an outpatient setting between gestational ages of 230/7 and 366/7. Patients were divided into two groups: weekly laboratory evaluation (laboratories group) and a no laboratories group. The primary study outcome was composite maternal morbidity including more than one of the following: development of severe features, HELLP syndrome, eclampsia, placental abruption, maternal intensive care unit admission, or maternal death.
Results A total of 204 patients were included in this study, laboratories group (n = 120) and no laboratories group (n = 84). The laboratories group was older (28.8 vs. 26.6 years, p = 0.02), had a higher rate of chronic hypertension (44 [36.7%] vs. 17 [20.2%], p = 0.01), and more often experienced the primary composite outcome (53 [44.2%] vs. 24 [28.5%], p = 0.02). No patients in our cohort were delivered for abnormal laboratory values.
Conclusion This study found that weekly laboratory testing may have minimal clinical utility in the outpatient management protocol in monitoring patients with mild gestational hypertension or preeclampsia. Delivery was guided by other clinical factors.
Safety and Feasibility of Intravenous Paracetamol for Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Indomethacin-/Ibuprofen-Resistant or -Contraindicated Preterm Infants: A Case Series
Authors: Oshima Ayumi , Matsumura Shun , Iwatani Ayaka , Morita Machiko , Fujinuma Sumie , Motojima Yukiko , Tanaka Kosuke , Masutani Satoshi , Kabe Kazuhiko , Ueda Keiko , Namba Fumihiko 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Although indomethacin and ibuprofen are the standard treatments for hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA), they are associated with renal impairment and gastrointestinal complications. Paracetamol for hsPDA closure does not provoke a peripheral vasoconstrictive effect and seems to have effects similar to those of indomethacin and ibuprofen. We have previously reported the safety of low-dose (7.5 mg/kg) intravenous paracetamol for preterm infants with hsPDA, who were indomethacin-resistant or -contraindicated but did not affect the need for surgical PDA ligation. However, reports considering the use of higher-dose (15 mg/kg) paracetamol for hsPDA have not been published in Japan.
Cases In 16 premature infants in whom indomethacin or ibuprofen was contraindicated or ineffective, 15 mg/kg of paracetamol was intravenously administered every 6 hours for 3 days after obtaining parental consent. hsPDA closure or narrowing was observed in 14 infants (88%), with the need for surgical closure totally avoided in nine cases (56%). High plasma paracetamol levels were observed in three cases. No paracetamol-related side effects or adverse events were reported.
Conclusion The intravenous administration of higher dose paracetamol was safe and feasible in premature infants with hsPDA. Future clinical trials to explore the optimized dose and timing of administration are needed.
Thrombin Promotes Macrophage Polarization into M1-Like Phenotype to Induce Inflammatory Responses
Authors: López-Zambrano Mercedes , Rodriguez-Montesinos Julián , Crespo-Avilan Gustavo E. , Muñoz-Vega Mónica , Preissner Klaus T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDespite strong evidence supporting the cellular interplay between haemostasis and innate immunity, humoral connections between blood coagulation and the behavior of inflammatory macrophages are not well understood. In this study, we investigated changes in gene expression of selected cytokines and chemokines and their secretion profiles following thrombin stimulation of murine macrophages. Thrombin promoted differentiation of macrophages into an M1-like phenotype that was associated with the expression of classical pro-inflammatory markers. The cellular actions of thrombin on macrophages were mediated in part by protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) and were dependent on phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT and nuclear factor-κB. Moreover, heat-denatured thrombin stimulated the secretion of some pro-inflammatory mediators to the same magnitude indicating that different receptors transmit cellular signals of enzymatically active thrombin and nonactive thrombin, the latter remaining so far undefined. Finally, pretreatment of macrophages with thrombin resulted in tolerance against secondary stimulation by lipopolysaccharide with regard to expression of tumor necrosis factor-α. These results provide new insights into the molecular link between the key enzyme of haemostasis and innate immunity responses.
Visualizing the translation and packaging of HIV-1 full-length RNA
Authors: Chen Jianbo , Liu Yang , Wu Bin , Nikolaitchik Olga A. , Mohan Preeti R. , Chen Jiji , Pathak Vinay K. , Hu Wei-Shau 
Published: March 2020

Significance
The major viral components of HIV-1 virions are full-length RNA (HIV-1 RNA) and its translation products. Packaged HIV-1 RNA carries viral genetic information, and its translation products Gag and Gag-Pol constitute the virus structure and all the viral enzymes. Using live-cell imaging and biochemical approaches, we found that half of the HIV-1 RNA population is actively translated; cytoplasmic translating and nontranslating RNAs are well mixed, indicating Gag is not synthesized in specialized compartments. Both translating and nontranslating RNAs move dynamically and can reach the major virus assembly site. However, Gag packages nontranslating RNA; thus, although HIV-1 RNA serves two functions, each molecule performs only one function at a time. These studies provide insight into HIV-1 gene expression and virus assembly.
Engagement and reviewers’ reports on submissions to academic
journals
Authors: Paltridge Brian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper examines the use of engagement strategies in
reviewers’ reports on submissions to academic journals. The data examined are
reviewers’ reports on submissions to the journal English for Specific
Purposes. The study found that the reviewers used directives as
their main engagement strategy. These directives, however, were often indirect
or hedged, making it difficult for writers who are new to the peer review
process to know how to respond to them. A further engagement strategy that
reviewers employed was the use of reader pronouns through which they established
an interpersonal relationship with authors at the same time as they delivered
‘bad news’ to them. These matters are important to highlight in the teaching of
writing for research publication purposes so that beginning authors can better
understand reviewers’ reports, learn how to respond to them and, as a result,
increase their chances of getting published.
Towards the meV limit of the effective neutrino mass in neutrinoless double-beta decays *
Authors: Cao Jun , Huang Guo-yuan , Li Yu-Feng , Wang Yifang , Wen Liang-Jian , Xing Zhi-zhong , Zhao Zhen-hua , Zhou Shun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We emphasize that it is extremely important for future neutrinoless double-beta (

) decay experiments to reach the sensitivity to the effective neutrino mass

. With such a sensitivity, it is highly possible to discover the signals of

decays. If no signal is observed at this sensitivity level, then either neutrinos are Dirac particles or stringent constraints can be placed on their Majorana masses. In this paper, assuming the sensitivity of

for future

decay experiments and the precisions on neutrino oscillation parameters after the JUNO experiment, we fully explore the constrained regions of the lightest neutrino mass

and two Majorana-type CP-violating phases

. Several important conclusions in the case of normal neutrino mass ordering can be made. First, the lightest neutrino mass is severely constrained to a narrow range

, which together with the precision measurements of neutrino mass-squared differences from oscillation experiments completely determines the neutrino mass spectrum

and

. Second, one of the two Majorana CP-violating phases is limited to

, which cannot be obtained from any other realistic experiments. Third, the sum of three neutrino masses is found to be

, while the effective neutrino mass for beta decays turns out to be

. These observations clearly set up the roadmap for future non-oscillation neutrino experiments aiming to solve the fundamental problems in neutrino physics.
Analysis of the excited bottom and bottom-strange states B1(5721), B2⃰(5747), Bs1(5830), Bs2⃰(5840), BJ(5840) and BJ(5970) of the B meson family *
Authors: Yu Guo-Liang , Wang Zhi-Gang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In order to make a further confirmation of the assignments of the excited bottom and bottom-strange mesons

,

,

and

and identify possible assignments of

and

, we study the strong decay of these states with the

decay model. Our analysis supports the assignments of

and

as the

and

states, and

and

as the strange partners of

and

. Besides, we tentatively identify the recently observed

and

as the

and

states. It is noted that these conclusions need further confirmation by measurements of the decay channels

and

.
Charged pion condensation in anti-parallel electromagnetic fields and nonzero isospin density *
Authors: Chao Jingyi , Huang Mei , Radzhabov Andrey 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The formation of charged pion condensate in anti-parallel electromagnetic fields and in the presence of the isospin chemical potential is studied in the two-flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model. The method of Schwinger proper time is extended to explore the quantities in the off-diagonal flavor space, i.e. the charged pion. In this framework,

are treated as bound states of quarks and not as point-like charged particles. The isospin chemical potential plays the role of a trigger for charged pion condensation. We obtain the associated effective potential as a function of the strength of the electromagnetic fields and find that it contains a sextic term which possibly induces a weak first order phase transition. The dependence of pion condensation on model parameters is investigated.