bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LEADER as a mechanism of neo-endogenous development of rural areas: the case of Poland
Authors: Biczkowski Mirosław 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is a quantitative and structural comprehensive evaluation of LEADER projects presented in the context of local resources, which determine development opportunities. The issue has been discussed mainly from a geographical and spatial perspective. The impact of the LEADER approach on increasing the mobilisation of local communities and their use of rural resources was evaluated; as a result, this has enabled a bottom-up simulation of the development of local government units. The LEADER approach has substantially contributed to the mobilisation of local resources in rural areas (e.g. growth in the number Local Action Groups (LAGs) from 149 to 338). It was found that the involvement of LAGs had a positive impact on the activity of inhabitants (i.e. an increase in the number of initiatives undertaken, the absorption of European Union (EU) funds). The nature of the implemented projects demonstrates that LEADER combines investment actions with social projects. In general, it has been implemented more successfully in areas where investments are related to genuine needs and local resources.
Perception of the Modern Movement in Architecture as Cultural Heritage
Authors: Doğan Huriye Armağan 
Published: December 2020

Summary
When the definition of cultural heritage in architecture is questioned regarding the perception of society, the results demonstrate that people identify cultural heritage as both material and spiritual achievements in the past and as a reflection of identity associated with historical monuments. Furthermore, the distinction between monument and cultural heritage does not have a well-distinguished definition for society in most cases. Therefore, the perception of people in the appraisal of cultural heritage consistently obscures the protection process, especially regarding the heritage of the Modern Movement era in architecture which started to be seen in the 20th century. While the experts acknowledge Modern Movement artefacts as cultural heritage, in most cases the perception of non-experts differs. Therefore, its architectural merit is not appreciated by society in the way it deserves, neither as an artefact nor as cultural heritage. By both literature review and performed research, this paper aims to analyse the reasons which create deprecation regarding the evaluation of Modern Movement heritage. Furthermore, it tries to suggest a series of actions which can be taken for achieving the protection of Modern Movement heritage.
Peculiarity of the Origins of Chinese Historiography of the Fine Arts
Authors: Andrijauskas Antanas 
Published: December 2020

Summary
The article is dedicated to the research of the origins and peculiarity of classical Chinese historiography of fine arts from the broader civilisational perspective. Based on the principles of comparative analysis, the paper reveals the peculiarities of formation of Chinese historiography of fine arts, its attention to the analysis of various methods, styles, schools, directions and different internal and external factors of artistic creativity and development, highlighting its relationship with neo-Confucianist ideology that influenced the rise of “Chinese renaissance”. The article focuses on written work by three most prominent historiographers of the Tang and Song eras, Zhu Jingxuan, Zhang Yanyuan and Guo Ruoxu. The analysis of authentic treatises of historiography first exposes the theoretical peculiarity of the founder of this tradition, Zhu Jingxuan, the principal scope of issues that interested him, and the impact of his research strategies and methods on later scholars. The article follows with the research of Zhang Yanyuan’s and Guo Ruoxu’s theories, particularly their relationship with neo-Confucianist ideology. Based on the detailed comparative analysis of their treatises, the analysis shows the broadening of the field of historiographical issues of interest to them, as well as separation of historiography of fine arts into an individual influential direction of art criticism.
Authenticity/Genuineness/Truth (Zhen 真 ) in Chinese Traditional Art Theories and Aesthetics
Authors: Poškaitė Loreta 
Published: December 2020

Summary
The uniqueness of Chinese traditional art and aesthetics is often presented by the popular Chinese saying “art is manifestation of Dao”, which could mean manifestation of truth or authenticity, since Dao 道 in Classical Daoism was understood as authentic being and a source of authenticity. However, the meaning of authenticity/truth (zhen 真 ) in Chinese aesthetics and theories of art seems less discussed, and far more complicated, than the term Dao. This article argues that zhen is no less important for understanding the nature of artistic creativity and expression in Chinese arts and their theories in the historical perspective, and the issue of likeness in art in particular. It demonstrates how this term is related to the evaluation of the work of art, the artist’s expression and self-expression, and his/her relation to the “object” represented in art; in other words, with representation, imagination and morality, which is evident in such compounds as “drawing truthfulness” (xie zhen 写真), and “to create the truth” (chuang zhen 創真). The article deals with the conceptual and historical analysis of the term zhen, aiming to survey the differences and changes of its meaning in theories of painting, literature and “aesthetics of things” (antiquarianism), and to reveal the relations between its philosophical and aesthetic interpretations, especially evident in the Ming dynasty.
Exploring digital divides in older adults’ news consumption
Authors: Bergström Annika 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Media structure is rapidly steering towards digital formats and distribution. Meanwhile, many Western societies have ageing populations, where older adults are less digitally active than the population at large. This, combined with the fact that the news media are crucial in providing information and fostering engagement and cohesion, means that the news consumption of older adults deserves scholarly attention. Based on national representative surveys, this article analyses the use of traditional and digital news among people aged 66 to 85 between 2014 and 2018. The findings show that the overall reading of newspapers is decreasing among pensioners of all ages, whereas radio and television news both have rather stable audience shares. Despite the overall decline of newspaper reading, the reading of digital newspapers is becoming more common, and digital newspapers seem, to some extent, to have replaced printed newspapers. Concerning factors explaining digital news consumption among the 65+ group, general Internet habits, sex, and political interest are shown to be the most important.
The Relevance of Phenomenological Analysis Within Current Epistemology
Authors: Livadas Stathis 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article is primarily concerned with the articulation of a defensible position on the relevance of phenomenological analysis with the current epistemological edifice as this latter has evolved since the rupture with the classical scientific paradigm pointing to the Newtonian-Leibnizian tradition which took place around the beginning of 20th century. My approach is generally based on the reduction of the objects-contents of natural sciences, abstracted in the form of ideal objectivities in the corresponding logical-mathematical theories, to the content of meaning-acts ultimately referring to a specific being-within-the-world experience. This is a position that finds itself in line with Husserl’s gradual departure from the psychologistic interpretations of his earlier works on the philosophy of logic and mathematics and culminates in a properly meant phenomenological foundation of natural sciences in his last major published work, namely the Crisis of European Sciences and the Transcendental Phenomenology (Husserl, 1962). Further this article tries to set up a context of discourse in which to found both physical and formal objects in parallel terms as essentially temporal-noematic objects to the extent that they may be considered as invariants of the constitutional modes of a temporal consciousness.
Risk of malignancy and biologic therapy in rheumatic inflammatory diseases: A single-center experience
Authors: Cometi Laura , Bruni Cosimo , Passavanti Saverio , Tofani Lorenzo , Bartoli Francesca , Fiori Ginevra , Nacci Francesca , Lepri Gemma , Orlandi Martina , Melchiorre Daniela , Antonuzzo Lorenzo , Matucci-Cerinic Marco , Moggi-Pignone Alberto 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) have significantly improved the care of patients with rheumatic muscle-skeletal disorders (RMDs). Considering their immunosuppressive action, a theoretical increase of malignancy risk has been a major concern in the last few decades. The objective of this study is to analyze the incidence of malignancies in a cohort of patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriathic arthritis (PsA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) treated with bDMARDs.

Methods
The charts of bDMARD-treated RMD patients were reviewed, and data about bDMARD exposure and malignant cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) were collected.

Results
921 patients were included (median age: 50.59 years, 66.67% females); 1374 bDMARD treatments were administered, 87.12% were tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. A total of 21 malignant neoplasms were detected in 21 patients (61.90% females, median age at cancer diagnosis: 64.99 years), 66.67% in RA patients, 19.05% in PsA, and 14.28% in AS. Among them, 10 patients (47.62%) were treated with etanercept, 6 patients (28.57%) with adalimumab, and 1 case each with tocilizumab, certolizumab, golimumab, infliximab, and abatacept. The most common malignancies that we found were lung cancers, ductal mammary carcinomas, melanomas, and lymphomas. The incidence rate (IR) of malignancies in our cohort was 3.47 per 1000 person-years (p-y); the higher IRs were in RA patients (5.13 per 1000 p-y), in males (4.21 per 1000 p-y), and in patients aged >70 years (10.14 per 1000 p-y).

Conclusions
The results of our study showed IR of malignancies in RMD patients treated with bDMARDs that is in agreement with literature data.
Interleukin-17 inhibitors for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Huang Jin-Xian , Zhang Li-Jun , Wei James Cheng-Chung 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) has been applied in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) for many years but still with an unmed need due to inefficacy or intolerance. Current treatment guideline recommended the use of IL-17 inhibitors over a second TNFi in patients with primary nonresponse to the first TNFi. We herein review the present available IL-17 inhibitors including secukinumab (SEC), ixekizumab (IXE), brodalumab and bimekizumab (BKZ) in clinical trials of AS. Therapeutic response and safe profile have been discussed in detail for each drug. Overall, IL-17 inhibitors were proved to be alternatives for biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in AS, which might be safer for tuberculosis while candida infection should be monitored in long term treatment.
SEDENTARY BEHAVIOUR PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DI KECAMATAN DENPASAR TIMUR
Authors: Puspita Luh Mira , Utami Kadek Cahya 
Published: December 2020

Obesitas pada anak berisiko tinggi menjadi obesitas dewasa dan berpotensi mengalami penyakit seperti penyakit kardiovaskular. Obesitas akan menyebabkan masalah kesehatan pada anak usia sekolah yaitu sekitar 20-30% anak menderita hipertensi, diabetes meillitus tipe 2 dan sleep apnea. Anak juga akan mengalami gangguan psikososial seperti depresi dan rasa percaya diri yang rendah. Salah satu faktor penyebab obesitas pada anak usia sekolah yaitu sedentary behaviour terdiri dari membaca, duduk, dan screen based activity (menonton televisi, bermain video game, bermain komputer dan bermain smartphone). Hasil riset di Bali khususnya di Kota Denpasar, anak usia lebih dari sepuluh tahun yang melakukan sedentary behaviour terbanyak yaitu selama 6 jam per harinya dan hasilnya sebesar 44,0%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sedentary behaviour pada anak usia sekolah di Kecamatan Denpasar Timur. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan desain penelitian menggunakan studi kohort. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah anak sekolah dasar usia 10-12 tahun yang berjumlah 122 anak. Hasil yang diperoleh bahwa sedentary behavior yang paling banyak dilakukan oleh anak usia sekolah adalah screen based activity khususnya menonton televisi. Orangtua disarankan untuk membatasi aktivitas menonton televisi pada anak dan meningkatkan aktivitas fisik.
ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННАЯ СТРУКТУРА КАК ОСНОВА ЭФФЕКТИВНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЕМ
Authors: Корнева Екатерина Владимировна , Еремина Ирина Юрьевна , Чупрова Ирина Юрьевна 
Published: December 2020

Цель работы. Целью работы является исследование подходов и параметров построения организационной структуры как основы эффективной системы управления. Метод или методология проведения работы. Исследование основывается на общенаучной методологии, которая предусматривает применение системного подхода к решению проблем. Основой данной работы являются труды отечественных ученых в области организационного проектирования. Результаты. В условиях экономического кризиса 2020 г., когда оптимальная система управления является задачей на пути к выживанию и повышению операционной эффективности компаний, вопросы типа и параметров организационной структуры становятся особенно актуальными. Значительное влияние на эффективность управления оказывают такие параметры, как количество уровней управления, нормы управляемости, степень централизации функций. На данные параметры влияют такие факторы, как численность персонала, объемы работ, территориальная удаленность объектов управления, уровень стандартизации и автоматизации, а также квалификация работников и управленческие навыки руководителей. В рамках исследования также рассмотрены концепции и методы совершенствования организационной структуры, в т. ч. модель Roland Berger, концепция McKinsey, модель корпоративного центра, программа аудита функций. Область применения результатов. Результаты проведенного исследования могут применяться компаниями различных отраслей при формировании и совершенствовании организационной структуры. Выводы. Построение рациональной организационной структуры с параметрами, оптимальными для конкретной компании с учетом ее специфики, является основой эффективной системы управления.
Pengembangan Instrumen Evaluasi Kompetensi Pemodelan Matematis bagi Siswa Menengah Atas
Authors: Nugraha Adhi Surya 
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun, merancang, dan mengujicobakan instrumen evaluasi kompetensi pemodelan matematis yang valid dan praktis bagi siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas. Prosedur pengembangan produk instrumen adalah penelitian berbasis Research & Development (R&D) menurut langkah-langkah pengembangan Borg and Gall.. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah berhasil dirancang perangkat instrumen evaluasi kompetensi pemodelan matematis dengan tipe soal PISA dan berdasarkan 8 kompetensi pemodelan matematis sejumlah 24 butir soal pilihan ganda yang valid dan praktis. Instrumen valid secara konten, konstruk, dan bahasa ditunjukkan dari hasil validator yang menyatakan bahwa konten sesuai dengan kompetensi, konstruk sesuai indikator, dan bahasa sesuai dengan kaidah penulisan yang baik. Instrumen praktis ditunjukan dari hasil validator yang menyatakan bahwa instrumen soal ringkas, jelas, dan mudah dipahami.
Efektivitas Model Probing Prompting dan Model LAPS-Heuristik Berbantu Adobe Flash CS3 Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa SMA
Authors: Alifianti Ingga , Sudargo Sudargo , Zuhri Muhammad Saifuddin 
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keefektifan model pembelajaran Probing Prompting dan LAPS-Heuristik berbantu Adobe Flash CS3 terhadap hasil belajar siswa, terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar siswa antara penerapan model Probing Prompting dan LAPS-Heuristik berbantu Adobe Flash CS3 dan pembelajaran Konvensional dengan metode ceramah. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI SMA Unggulan Pondok Modern Selamat Kendal Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021. Dengan menggunakan cluster random sampling diperoleh kelas XI MIPA C sebagai kelas eksperimen 1 atau model pembelajaran Probing Prompting berbantu Adobe Flash CS3, XI MIPA A sebagai kelas eksperimen 2 atau model pembelajaran LAPS-Heuristik berbantu Adobe Flash CS3 dan XI MIPA B sebagai kelas kontrol atau model konvensional dengan metode ceramah. Hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa ketiga kelas berdistribusi normal, homogen dan uji hipotesis 1 untuk anava diperoleh Fhitung= 25,1663 > Ftabel= 3,154 artinya terdapat perbedaan rata-rata hasil belajar antara ketiga kelas. Pada uji hipotesis 2, diperoleh thitung>ttabel yaitu 6,1395>2,6295 maka H0 ditolak, berarti rata-rata hasil belajar kelas eksperimen 1 lebih efektif daripada kelas kontrol, Untuk uji hipotesis 3, diperoleh thitung>ttabel yaitu 5,2684>2,484 maka H0 ditolak, berarti rata-rata hasil belajar kelas eksperimen 2 lebih baik daripada kelas kontrol serta untuk uji hipotesis 4,diperoleh yaitu -2,022<1,0919<2 ,022 maka H0 diterima yang berarti tidak ada perbedaan rata-rata hasil belajar antara eksperimen 1 dan eksperimen 2. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Probing Prompting dan LAPS-Heuristik berbantu Adobe Flash CS3 lebih efektif dari pada pembelajaran konvensional dengan metode ceramah.
Explanatory Factors of the Capital Structure
Authors: Silva Marta , Gomes Luís Pereira , Lopes Isabel Cristina 
Published: December 2020

This paper presents an empirical study of the capital structure of Portuguese companies where the main objective is to find key explanatory factors for indebtedness decisions. The relations between indebtedness and its determinants are tested in the light of the Trade-Off Theory and the Pecking-Order Theory. The motivation of this work was to contribute to the scientific research on the influential determinants of the capital structure and to deepen the knowledge of the Portuguese market. The quantitative methodology is used, through an econometric model for panel data using accounting information of 55 Portuguese companies between 2014 and 2016. Statistical tests such as the F test, the Lagrange Multiplier Breusch-Pagan test and the Hausman test were used to identify the most appropriate method of estimation, which resulted in a panel data model with random effects for individuals. The findings of this study suggest that indebtedness have a positive relation with tangibility and the size of the company, which supports the Trade-Off Theory. However, the positive relationship with the non-debt tax benefits suggests the importance of taxes, contrary to Trade-Off Theory. The negative relationship with cash flows, coupled with the positive relationships between size and growth opportunities, suggest the use of funding only when internal funds become insufficient, supporting the Pecking-Order Theory. The general results support that both theories partially explain the financing decisions of Portuguese companies. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2020-01249 Full Text: PDF
ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK KARBON RESIDU DAN KANDUNGAN SULFUR PRODUK MINYAK BIOSOLAR DENGAN PENDEKATAN SIX SIGMA
Authors: Pattiruhu Arthur , Tupan Johan M , Tutuhatunewa Alfredo 
Published: December 2020

Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh PT Pertamina (Persero) Terminal BBM Wayame adalah biosolar yang diproduksi tidak memenuhi standar kualitas yang ditetapkan. Rata-rata defect untuk karakteristik karbon residu dan kandungan sulfur selama Januari-Juni 2019 adalah 1,11% dan 0,56%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh level kualitas karakteristik karbon residu dan kandungan sulfur produk biosolar. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel biosolar. Nilai level kualitas dilakukan dengan six sigma untuk mengetahui level kualitas biosolar yang dimulai dengan tahapan identifikasi critical to quality, measure, analyze dan improvement. Hasil penelitian ini memperoleh level kualitas dari karakteristik spesifikasi biosolar untuk residu carbon yaitu 3,57 % m/m dan kandungan sulfur yaitu 3,263. Perolehan level kualitas ini mennujukkan bahwa kualitas karakteristik spesifikasi biosolar belum memenuhi tujuan utama perusahaan yaitu memiliki level kualitas kelas dunia, namun perolehan ini menujukkan kualitas spesifikasi biosolar berada di atas rata-rata kualitas industri di Indonesia.
Kata Kunci : Kualitas, Biosolar, Six Sigma
Monetary Value and the Cost Analysis of a Youth Voluntary Program of Road Safety in Iran
Authors:   Student Research Committee, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Seddighi Hamed , Salmani Ibrahim ,   Department of Health in Emergency and Disaster, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran., Seddighi Saeideh ,   Department of Social Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2020

Background: Volunteering has great economic and social benefits, but it is neglected due to the nature of the work. This study aimed to assess the monetary aspect of the voluntary activities in the National Plan of Safety and Health of Nowruz Passengers and analyze the cost of the implementation of this plan, regarding youth volunteers. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 1574 volunteers outlined in the plan were analyzed with the wage replacement and replacement cost approach for the monetary evaluation of voluntary activities. Also, the cost-benefit analysis of the Red Crescent voluntary plan was calculated by the volunteer investment and value audit technique. Results: In the mentioned road safety plan, the sum of the economic values of volunteering work was multiplied by the number of working hours of youth volunteers per day. Thus, the number of young people was determined, considering the average wage per hour for these people, the monetary value of $69 885.6 was obtained for the voluntary activities. Also, the volunteer investment and value audit rate was $10.6; it means that every dollar spent by Red Crescent would cost more than $10 if it were not voluntary. Conclusion: According to the present findings, it seems that the National Plan of Safety and Health of Nowruz Passengers had been economically profitable for the Red Crescent population and the government because of its high revenue, compared with its cost.