bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Provenance of Cenozoic Sediments in the Xining Basin Revealed by Nd and Pb Isotopic Evidence: Implications for Tectonic Uplift of the NE Tibetan Plateau
Authors: He Zhilin , Guo Zhengtang , Yang Fan , Sayem Abu Sadat Md , Wu Haibin , Zhang Chunxia , Hao Qingzhen , Xiao Guoqiao , Han Long , Fu Yang , Wu Zhipeng , Hu Bin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConstraining the uplift of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP) is critical for growth models of the plateau and tectonic‐climatic interactions during the Cenozoic. The sequence of early Eocene (53 Ma)‐early Miocene (16 Ma) clastic sediments deposited in the Xining Basin provides insights into the uplift of the NETP. We used Nd‐Pb isotopic composition of the Cenozoic sediments in the Xining Basin to trace sediment sources and hence to infer uplift of the NETP. Provenance analysis indicates that the Qilian Shan was possibly the source area before ~50 Ma; the West Qinling became the main source area during ~50–39 Ma; and the West Qinling, Qilian Shan, and Laji Shan probably became source areas during ~39–30 Ma. During ~30–16 Ma, the sediments comprised a two‐end‐member mixture of detrital materials from the Laji Shan and the Qilian Shan, whereas detrital inputs from the Qilian Shan increased after ~22 Ma. Combined with previous studies, our inferred provenance history suggests that (1) part of the Qilian Shan possibly existed before ~50 Ma; (2) the West Qinling was uplifted since ~50 Ma; (3) part of the Laji Shan was uplifted during ~39–30 Ma, and the entire Laji Shan was probably uplifted since ~30 Ma, separating the Xining from Xunhua‐Linxia basins; and (4) the Qilian Shan was uplifted during the early Miocene, which together with climate change caused erosion and provenance changes. These results suggest that the NETP was uplifted since the early Cenozoic and sizeable parts of the NETP were probably uplifted by the early Miocene.
Tracking Spread of the Agulhas Leakage Into the Western South Atlantic and Its Northward Transmission During the Last Interglacial
Authors: Ballalai João M. , Santos Thiago P. , Lessa Douglas O. , Venancio Igor M. , Chiessi Cristiano M. , Johnstone Heather J. H. , Kuhnert Henning , Claudio Marcela R. , Toledo Felipe , Costa Karen B. , Albuquerque Ana Luiza S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntensification of the Agulhas Leakage (AL) during glacial terminations has long been proposed as a necessary mechanism for reverting the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) to its interglacial mode. However, lack of records showing the downstream evolution of AL signal and substantial temporal differences between AL intensification and resumption of deep‐water convection have cast doubt on the importance of this mechanism to the AMOC. Here, we analyze a combination of new and previously published data relating to Mg/Ca‐derived temperatures and ice volume‐corrected seawater δ18O records (δ18OIVC‐SW, as a proxy for relative changes in ocean salinity), which demonstrate propagation of AL signal via surface and thermocline waters to the western South Atlantic (Santos Basin) during Termination II and the early Last Interglacial. The saline AL waters were temporally stored in the upper subtropical South Atlantic until they were abruptly released in two stages into the North Atlantic via surface and thermocline waters at ca. 129 and 123 ka BP, respectively. Accounting for age model uncertainties, these two stages are coeval with the resumption of convection in the Labrador and Nordic seas during the Last Interglacial. We propose a mechanism whereby both active AL and a favorable ocean‐atmosphere configuration in the tropical Atlantic were required to allow flux of AL waters into the North Atlantic, where they then contributed to enhancing the AMOC during the Last Interglacial period. Our results provide a framework that connects AL strengthening to the AMOC intensifications that followed glaciations.
The Role of Cognition in Common Measures of Peripheral Synaptopathy and Hidden Hearing Loss
Authors: Kamerer Aryn M. , AuBuchon Angela , Fultz Sara E. , Kopun Judy G. , Neely Stephen T. , Rasetshwane Daniel M. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
The aim of this study was to quantify the portion of variance in several measures suggested to be indicative of peripheral noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy and hidden hearing disorder that can be attributed to individual cognitive capacity.

Method
Regression and relative importance analysis was used to model several behavioral and physiological measures of hearing in 32 adults ranging in age from 20 to 74 years. Predictors for the model were hearing sensitivity and performance on a number of cognitive tasks.

Results
There was a significant influence of cognitive capacity on several measures of cochlear synaptopathy and hidden hearing disorder. These measures include frequency modulation detection threshold, time-compressed word recognition in quiet and reverberation, and the strength of the frequency-following response of the speech-evoked auditory brainstem response.

Conclusions
Measures of hearing that involve temporal processing are significantly influenced by cognitive abilities, specifically, short-term and working memory capacity, executive function, and attention. Research using measures of temporal processing to diagnose peripheral disorders, such as noise-induced synaptopathy, need to consider cognitive influence even in a young, healthy population.
Hypnosis regulation in propofol anaesthesia employing super‐twisting sliding mode control to compensate variability dynamics
Authors: Ilyas Muhammad , Iqbal Jamshed , Ahmad Sayyar , Uppal Ali Arshad , Imtiaz Waqas Ahmad , Riaz Raja Ali 
Published: October 2019

Regulation of hypnosis level on bi‐spectral index monitor (BIS) during a surgical procedure in propofol anaesthesia administration is a challenging task for an anaesthesiologist in multi‐tasking environment of the operation theater. Automation in anaesthesia has the potential to solve issues arising from manual administration. Automation in anaesthesia is based on developing the three‐compartmental model including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic of the silico patients. This study focuses on regulation of the hypnosis level in the presence of surgical stimulus including skin incision, surgical diathermy and laryngoscopy as well as inter‐patient variability by designing super‐twisting sliding mode control (STSMC). The depth of the hypnosis level is maintained to 50 on the BIS level in the maintenance phase after improving the induction phase to 60 s using the conventional sliding mode control and 30 s with STSMC. The proposed scheme also compensates the inter‐patient variability dynamics including height, age and weight of the different silico patients. Moreover, the surgical stimuli direct the hypnosis level towards the state of consciousness and stimulate the controller to provide continuous drug infusion during the interval 80–90 s. Simulation results witness that the oscillatory behaviour is observed in drug infusion to ensure the moderate level of hypnosis (40–60) for general surgery.
Opto‐electrical properties of HAT‐CN based organic light emitting diode
Authors: Jain Neha , Sinha Om Prakash , Pandey Sujata , Singh Rajiv Kumar 
Published: October 2019

1,4,5,8,9,11‐hexaazatriphenylene‐hexacarbonitrile (HAT‐CN)‐based organic light emitting diode (OLED) have been simulated, fabricated, and characterised. HAT‐CN has been inserted as an organic interlayer at the indium tin oxide/organic interface. It has been observed that there is a significant increase in the current density of the device. Also, the electroluminescence (EL) intensity of the OLED device is in contrast with J–V characteristics, i.e. EL intensity and current density is maximum at 22 nm Alq3 layer thickness. There is an approximate increase of 0.13 A/cm2 in current density with respect to the applied voltage when the Alq3 thickness is varied from 20 to 22 nm. The maximum current density obtained is 0.4 A/cm2. EL intensity is approximately increased by 30% at the same Alq3 thickness. A comparison of fabricated and simulated optoelectronic devices has also been reported in this work. They have found proximity between the fabricated and simulated devices.
Muskuläre Belastung unterschiedlicher
Ganzkörper-Elektromyostimulations-(WB-EMS) Protokolle – eine
Crossover-Untersuchung mit Sportlern ohne WB-EMS Erfahrung
Authors: Kemmler Wolfgang 
Published: October 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGGanzkörper-Elektromyostimulation zeichnet sich durch das
Alleinstellungsmerkmal aus, große Muskelgruppen simultan aber regional
dezidiert und ggf. supramaximal stimulieren zu können. Diese
Konstellation kann zu gesundheitlichen Risiken führen, die unter dem
Begriff der „Rhabdomyolyse“ subsumiert werden. Ziel dieses
Beitrags war es, unterschiedliche WB-EMS-Protokolle hinsichtlich ihrer
muskulären Belastung im Crossover-Verfahren zu
überprüfen, um Empfehlungen für deren Applikation
abzuleiten. Neunzehn sportliche Männer (28±5 Jahre) ohne jede
WB-EMS Erfahrung wurden randomisiert und balanciert den WB-EMS-Protokollen
Ausdauertraining (a) ohne (b) mit niedrig-moderat intensivem WB-EMS
Dauerstrom-Protokoll mit 7 Hz bzw. (c) 85 Hz sowie
Körperübungen (d) ohne bzw. (e) mit hoher, intermittierender (4s
– 4s) Impulsintensität (85 Hz) zugeordnet. Es wurde
bipolarer Strom mit einer Impulsbreite von 350 µs und direktem
Impulsanstieg/-abfall appliziert. Die Dauer des
Körperübungsprotokolls lag bei 20 min, das
Ausdauerprogramm (75% VO2max, Crosstrainer) dauerte
30 min. Als Marker der muskulären Belastung wurde Kreatinkinase
unmittelbar vor/nach, sowie 24, 48 und 72 h nach dem Test
bestimmt. Alle Ausdauervarianten zeigten einen relativ moderaten Anstieg der
CK-Konzentration um das 2,5–3 fache des Vorbelastungswertes mit Peak
nach 48 h. Zwischen den Gruppen ohne und mit bzw. hoher und niedriger
Stimulationsfrequenz konnten kein signifikanter Unterschiede erfasst werden. Die
„kraftorientierte“ WB-EMS-Variante führte zu einer
48fachen Erhöhung des Vorbelastungswertes mit Peak nach 72 h. Faktisch
kein Einfluss auf die CK-Konzentration hatten die Körperübungen
ohne WB-EMS. Wie zu erwarten zeigen sich signifikante Unterschiede hinsichtlich
der CK-Kinetik zwischen einem ausdauer- und kraftorientierten WB-EMS-Protokoll,
die primär der unterschiedlichen Impulsintensität geschuldet
sind. Diese Ergebnisse sind bei Empfehlungen zu Regenerationsdauer und
Trainingshäufigkeit unterschiedlicher WB-EMS-Protokolle zu
berücksichtigen.
The representation of surprise in English and the retroactive construction of possible paths
Authors: Ranger Graham 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The current article considers the linguistic representation of surprise in English within the framework of the Theory of Enunciative and Predicative Operations. English appears not to have any markers specialised in the expression of surprise. Here I argue that English does nonetheless possess numerous formal configurations which may be shown to derive from a recurrent schema of surprise. I consider three such configurations: the concessive YET, OF ALL + plural noun and ONLY TO + verb in narrative context. Each configuration mobilises an abstract schema involving a discontinuity between an anticipated situation and an actual situation, i.e. an opposition between a – retroactively re-constructed – virtual class of expected possibilities and a validated occurrence.
‘Hakken en plakken’
Authors: Dols-Koot Ilona J. E. , van Rijt Jimmy H. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Orthography is considered to be a major problem in Dutch education, since many pupils don’t seem to be able to
master orthographic rules, even after years of education. In educational literature it is argued that the problems related to
spelling are caused by approaches that focus more on rules of thumb than on linguistic insights. This is somewhat remarkable,
since a good understanding of the Dutch orthographic system requires a fair amount of morphological knowledge. In order to
effectively implement this knowledge, the development of a morphological awareness (MA) seems to be required. Therefore, a short
intervention was designed for the upper levels of secondary schools (4 havo) which aimed to foster MA and, subsequently, improve
orthographic skills. Results of this quasi-experimental study indicate that a short intervention can significantly boost MA, but
that students don’t seem to be able to use MA effectively to enhance spelling performance.
How users find their way in hospitals
Authors: Silva Smythe Kelli C. A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a study about the information behaviour of users during spatial orientation in a hospital in Brazil. The theoretical basis of the study draws on wayfinding processes, spatial cognition and aspects of human information behaviour. Moreover, the case study reported employed thewib-methodology. The results point out the main behavioural strategies employed by users when finding their way in a hospital, and the information barriers related to the signage and the elements of the built environment. The results ratify the need for a human centred design approach so as to develop effective wayfinding design solutions.
La complexité dans les relations de langues collatérales
Authors: Eloy Jean-Michel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the matter of language, without talking about multiplicity of languages – let’s leave it for a moment –, there is a tension between unity and multiplicity which still deserves to be analised.
The multiple approaches or facets of that we talk have given rise to the multiple fields of linguistics, the multiple ‘sciences of language’. This term, in plural, has been adopted in France by scientific policies, by a kind of renunciation of the singular language. Of course, the necessary specializations determine institutional territories that are keen to distinguish themselves, but does it imply the impossibility of a one science of language?
These multiple approaches are opposed to the intuition we have of the unity of the phenomenon: what we singularly call the language, both in the academic world and in the profane. Considering all these facets as legitimate, embracing this multiplicity is a permanent challenge for those who try to com-prehend, in the meaning of ‘grasping together’
The persistence of ‘old language’ and the structuring of language communities
Authors: Feliu Francesc 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Beyond the foreseen norms of each language, in the legitimization of the facts of language, we intuit that the historical factor is fundamental, not necessarily ratified by the academy or by the culture elites. The perception that an “incorrect” or “not much correct” thing can be said (with the necessary nuances of place and opportunity) because it has an historical base that the legitimates it is very widespread among the speakers. In fact, of a certain persistence of the ancient language largely depends the idea of language as a timeless fact, the awareness of the linguistic territory extension and, in short, the cohesion of linguistic communities – especially those who do not have other political or administrative mechanisms to “remember” the common dimension.
The lowest common denominator as a factor in the formation of Modern Hebrew phonology
Authors: Schwarzwald Ora R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Spoken Hebrew was revived in speech some 140 years ago. Basic classical Hebrew vocabulary and grammatical structures were retained in their language because Jews had always used Hebrew for liturgical purposes and as a means of communicating between disparate communities. However, the mother tongues used by Jews from different communities and their societal status affected their pronunciation. The phonological structure of Modern Hebrew reflects the lowest common denominator of the language traditions of these early speakers. Some biblical phonemes disappeared from use, allophones turned into phonemes, consonant clusters deviated from the classical language, and loan consonants and unexpected stress patterns entered the phonological system.
Contribuciones de Joan Coromines y Jakob Jud a la dialectología de las lenguas románicas
Authors: Araya Méndez Johan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
At the start of the 20th century, the theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of dialectology were innovated, among other things, by the principles of linguistic geography whose founder is Jules Gilliéron. This article will discuss some aspects which demonstrate how Jakob Jud assimilated and improved the principles of this new way of studying the linguistic diversity of a determined territory. At the same time, this work intends to analyse some items of importance about the epistolary correspondence between Jud and Joan Coromines, who was his student and one of the most well-known linguists of that century. The study approaches used by the two linguists for questioning the dialect speakers will also be analysed in this article along with the works of Jud and Coromines as an example model. That will allow us a better comprehension of the diversity of the linguistic of roman languages.
Lingue e culture locali nei processi contemporanei di patrimonializzazione e di costruzione identitaria
Authors: Mirizzi Ferdinando 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In a solid tradition of studies, linguistics joins forces with the anthropological study of local cultures so as to identify and reflect on the cultural contexts that lead to the conservation or to the transformation of both linguistic and cultural facts. Such reflections especially focus on the way that local languages and cultures are turned into cultural heritage that support identity.
In this light, and that of a specific case study, this essay analyses how local communities recall dialects and traditions as a way to create cultural heritage and maintain a relationship that is coherent, not corresponding with the past while attempting to construct a specific identity that can give them psychological stability and security within the global arena in which they also act.
La linguistica dello sviluppo sociale
Authors: Agresti Giovanni 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The present paper aims at setting up the features that are necessary to reach a social development based on linguistics or how to turn language into an instrument for social development. There are studies in this regard; however a coherent transdisciplinary overview supported by a proper discourse is missing, as is a proper terminology. This paper envisages to fill this gap. The stakes are high, as is the potential development of many European areas characterized by multilingualism. Social Development Linguistics (SDL) is a transdisciplinary approach to social sciences: from linguistics (sociolinguistics) to anthropology (linguistic anthropology), law (language rights), economy (economics of languages) and history.
The lexicon of the Lithuanian language in the 17–19th centuries
Authors: Judžentytė Gintarė , Zubaitienė Vilma 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article deals with lexical systemic relationships between Eastern and Western regions of Lithuania. The analysis is based on the lexicon of the most important bilingual and multilingual dictionaries and religious scripts of 17–19th century. The research examines the impact of Lithuanian dialects and other languages (Latin, Polish, German) on development of lexicon. Attention is paid on neologisms (derivation models), loanwords (lexical and semantic) and dialecticisms usage and distribution of that time. Furthermore, problems of adaptation of loanwords and their integration, synonymy of lexemes and equivalence are revealed by giving certain examples of thematic lexical groups development and the formation of terminology. This paper also deals with question why some of specific words became commonly used in the standard Lithuanian but others have disappeared or remained only in Lithuanian dialects.
La construcción del estándar vasco vizcaíno del s. xix
Authors: Ulibarri Orueta Koldo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this work, we aim to understand the construction of the standard variety of the Biscayan dialect developed in the 19th century. After a sort overview of Basque literature and of the peninsular Holy Oratory, we will defend the hypothesis that in this literary variety the aptitude of the 17th century preachers was one of the main conditions that yielded the grammatization of the language. In order to prove this hypothesis, we provide historical data as well as the linguistic features of the sermon collection known as Dotrinazko Sermoitegia, the work of a modest preacher immerse in a period that was crucial in the grammatization of the Biscayan dialect.
The standardization of Chinese
Authors: Julià-Muné Joan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Modern Standard Chinese, known as Putonghua (or Common Speech), as well as Mandarin in the West, is the official language used by the People’s Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the island city-state of Singapore. As a result of the May Fourth Movement of 1919, the bases for a modern Chinese literary language reform were put forward in order to get an up-to-date national language, by substituting the colloquial speech (báihuà) for the classical language (wényán). However, it was under Mao Zedong’s rule when a threefold sociolinguistic reform was implemented in his first decade in power: oral standardization based on Pekingese, character simplification and the adoption of Pinyin. Alongside Chinese, Catalan experienced a language reform under the Institut d’Estudis Catalans’ and Pompeu Fabra’s leadership during the first third of the 20th century.
Strategies for conservation of a minority language
Authors: Matranga Vito , Milano Emma 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Arbëresh linguistic varieties constitute a rich field of investigation for interesting phenomena of language attrition and contact. Because of the ancient and prolonged situation of bilingualism between Albanian and Italo-Romance varieties an interesting set of phenomena of code-switching, loan, convergence and hybridization has presented itself.
This research concerns the Arbëresh linguistic minority of Greci, a small town in the Campanian region of southern Italy. Within Arbëria, the widespread archipelago of Albanian-speaking communities which occupies a vast territory in southern Italy, the preservation of Arbëresh presents very different sociolinguistic situations. Inside Arbëria Greci occupies a geographically isolated position and up to the 1960’s arbëresh was flourishing in the community.
Today Greci is transitioning through a difficult period from socio-economic, cultural, and linguistic points of view. Nevertheless Arbëresh has still a good hold with adults and elderly speakers, although decline was detected among some younger speakers.