bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Electronic Skin Based on Perovskite Intermediate Gels
Authors: Ye Tengling , Wang Qiao , Tian Changhao , Singh Ranbir , Zhang Yaping , Liu Zhiwei , Fang Xikui , He Dongqing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElectronic skin (e‐skin) has attracted extensive attention owing to its potential application in biomedical sensors, intelligent robots, and bionic prostheses. To imitate better or even surmount the perceptive capabilities of human skin, multifunctional e‐skin is an important trend in the field. A novel stable perovskite intermediate gel (PIGel) is obtained during the MA2SnI6 perovskite crystallization process. This Sn‐based PIGel exhibits good conductivity and outstanding wettability on different polymer substrates. Based on these properties, it is successfully applied to the field of e‐skin. Flexible and stretchable multifunctional e‐skin sensors are developed based on it. Stretching, finger bending, voice recognition, pulse monitoring, temperature, and electricity response are achieved in one e‐skin device. In addition, the MA2SnI6 perovskite single crystal is prepared by solvent engineering. The formation mechanism of the PIGel and MA2SnI6 single crystal is studied in detail. This work broadens the selection range of sensing materials for e‐skin and paves the way to achieve multifunctional sensors with the facile fabrication process.
Structure Design and Composition Engineering of Carbon‐Based Nanomaterials for Lithium Energy Storage
Authors: Geng Hongya , Peng Yan , Qu Liangti , Zhang Haijiao , Wu Minghong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCarbon‐based nanomaterials have significantly pushed the boundary of electrochemical performance of lithium‐based batteries (LBs) thanks to their excellent conductivity, high specific surface area, controllable morphology, and intrinsic stability. Complementary to these inherent properties, various synthetic techniques have been adopted to prepare carbon‐based nanomaterials with diverse structures and different dimensionalities including 1D nanotubes and nanorods, 2D nanosheets and films, and 3D hierarchical architectures, which have been extensively applied as high‐performance electrode materials for energy storage and conversion. The present review aims to outline the structural design and composition engineering of carbon‐based nanomaterials as high‐performance electrodes of LBs including lithium‐ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, and lithium–oxygen batteries. This review mainly focuses on the boosting of electrochemical performance of LBs by rational dimensional design and porous tailoring of advanced carbon‐based nanomaterials. Particular attention is also paid to integrating active materials into the carbon‐based nanomaterials, and the structure–performance relationship is also systematically discussed. The developmental trends and critical challenges in related fields are summarized, which may inspire more ideas for the design of advanced carbon‐based nanostructures with superior properties.
Fundamental Insights from a Single‐Crystal Sodium Iridate Battery
Authors: Tepavcevic Sanja , Zheng Hong , Hinks David G. , Key Baris , Ward Logan , Lu Zhi , Stoumpos Costas , Ren Yang , Freeland John W. , Wolverton Christopher , Phillips Patrick , Klie Robert , Mitchell John F. , Markovic Nenad M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractElectrochemically driven chemical transformations play the key role in controlling storage of energy in chemical bonds and subsequent conversion to power electric vehicles and consumer electronics. The promise of coupling anionic oxygen redox with cationic redox to achieve a substantial increase in capacities has inspired research in a wide range of electrode materials. A key challenge is that these studies have focused on polycrystalline materials, where it is hard to perform precise structural determinations, especially related to the location of light atoms. Here a different approach is utilized and a highly ordered single crystal, Na2−xIrO3 is harnessed, to explore the role of defects and structural transformations in layered transition metal oxide materials on redox‐activity, capacity, reversibility, and stability. Within a combined experimental and theoretical framework, it is demonstrated that 1) it is possible to cycle Na2−xIrO3, offering proof of principle for single‐crystal based batteries 2) structural phase transitions coincide with Ir 4+/Ir 5+ redox couple with no evident contribution from anionic redox 3) strong irreversibility and capacity fade observed during cycling correlates with the Na + migration resulting in progressive growth of an electrochemically inert O3‐type NaIrO3 phase.
Effect of Cu–Sn–Se Liquid Phase on Grain Growth and Efficiency of CZTSSe Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Se‐Yun , Son Dae‐Ho , Kim Seung‐Hyun , Kim Young‐Ill , Kim Sammi , Ahn Kwangseok , Yang Kee‐Jeong , Kang Jin‐Kyu , Kim Dae‐Hwan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHerein, a liquid‐assisted grain growth (LGG) mechanism for a vacuum‐processed Cu2ZnSn(S1−xSex)4(CZTSSe) absorber that is enabled by the presence of a liquid phase containing predominantly Cu, Sn, and Se (L‐CTSe) is suggested to explain the large grain size of up to ≈6 µm obtained at low temperatures, such as 480 °C. In this system, LGG plays a key role in achieving a large grain CZTSSe absorber, but the residual L‐CTSe, a key factor in LGG, deteriorates the device performance. L‐CTSe residue can possibly remain when using metal precursors for reasons such as local composition nonuniformity due to the agglomeration of Cu–Sn alloys, uncontrolled Zn volatilization. It is expected that CZTSSe cells with L‐CTSe residues have lower efficiency and fill factor than CZTSSe cells without L‐CTSe due to the role of L‐CTSe as a shunt path and compositional misfit. These tendencies are observed in the statistical results. Thus, when synthesizing CZTSSe using a metal precursor in a two‐step process, it is considered important to design the precursors to remove unwanted L‐CTSe residues and optimization of composition.
Gadolinium‐Induced Valence Structure Engineering for Enhanced Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Li Meng , Wang Yu , Zheng Yang , Fu Gengtao , Sun Dongmei , Li Yafei , Tang Yawen , Ma Tianyi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRare earth doped materials with unique electronic ground state configurations are considered emerging alternatives to conventional Pt/C for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, gadolinium (Gd)‐induced valence structure engineering is, for the first, time investigated for enhanced oxygen electrocatalysis. The Gd2O3–Co heterostructure loaded on N‐doped graphene (Gd2O3–Co/NG) is constructed as the target catalyst via a facile sol–gel assisted strategy. This synthetic strategy allows Gd2O3–Co nanoparticles to distribute uniformly on an N‐graphene surface and form intimate Gd2O3/Co interface sites. Upon the introduction of Gd2O3, the ORR activity of Gd2O3–Co/NG is significantly increased compared with Co/NG, where the half‐wave potential (E1/2) of Gd2O3–Co/NG is 100 mV more positive than that of Co/NG and even close to commercial Pt/C. The density functional theory calculation and spectroscopic analysis demonstrate that, owing to intrinsic charge redistribution at the engineered interface of Gd2O3/Co, the coupled Gd2O3–Co can break the OOH*–OH* scaling relation and result in a good balance of OOH* and OH* binding on Gd2O3–Co surface. For practical application, a rechargeable Zn–air battery employing Gd2O3–Co/NG as an air–cathode achieves a large power density and excellent charge–discharge cycle stability.
The Roles of Adoption and Behavior Change in Agricultural Policy
Authors: Pannell David J. , Claassen Roger 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMuch of agricultural and agri‐environmental policy is concerned with influencing the behavior of farmers in adopting new practices. An ability to understand and predict adoption of practices is useful for agricultural policy in several ways, including assessing additionality, selecting policy mechanisms, targeting policy to practices, farmer types or regions, and assessing likely policy success. Clear thinking about adoption is sometimes clouded by ambiguous and inconsistent language. We suggest a number of terms that are more specific than “adoption.” Research needs include collection of long‐term data sets on adoption of a variety of practices, understanding what determines continuous, sustained adoption of conservation practices and a better understanding of why adoption varies between farms.
Human Capital and Adoption of Innovations: Policy Implications
Authors: Huffman Wallace E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNew technologies are made possible by public and private R&D. Investments in education increase skills for decision making—denoted as allocative efficiency. In an environment with dynamic technology, farmers with more education are better able to make technology adoption decisions in a dynamic economic and technical environment. Societies have developed institutions and policies for sharing the costs of education and obtaining the benefits.
Analyzing corn and cotton producers optimal prevented planting decision on moral hazard
Authors: Adkins Kevin , Boyer Christopher N. , Smith S. Aaron , Griffith Andrew P. , Muhammad Andrew 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe prevented planting provision U.S. crop insurance programs protects producers from financial losses and risk associated with delayed planting. This provision has recently undergone some changes due to concerns about moral hazard in this provision. However, little is known about the likelihood of moral hazard in prevented planting and how these changes impact this possibility. We compared the net returns and variability of net returns for the four prevented planting options available for a corn (Zea mays L.) and upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) producer assuming soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] as a viable second crop. We determine the optimal prevented planting option using the current prevented planting coverage factor at three crop insurance coverage levels. We also show how reductions in the prevented planting coverage factor would change the optimal selection and moral hazard in prevented planting. Data were collected from non‐irrigated corn, upland cotton, and soybean planting date experiments located in Tennessee. Yield response functions to planting date for corn, cotton, and soybean were estimated and incorporated into simulation models to generate distributions of net returns. Risk neutral, profit maximizers would choose a late planting option over the full prevented planting payment, but as risk aversion increases, the full prevented planting payment was preferred. Reduction in prevented planting coverage factors will likely reduce the likelihood an insured producer chooses to not produce a crop and take the full prevented planting indemnity payment, despite planting during the late planting period or switching crops being more profitable options.
Toward rational design of hierarchical beta zeolites: An overview and beyond
Authors: Fernandez Sergio , Ostraat Michele L. , Zhang Ke 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe ever‐growing need to increase the efficiency of crude oil refining raises the prospects for utilizing advanced catalytic materials to supply increasing global demands for fine chemicals and petrochemicals. Zeolites have been used as indispensable catalysts in many commercial refining processes. Among them, zeolite beta is one of the most widely produced zeolite materials with industrial significance due to its large micropores and three‐dimensional pore structures. This article discusses recent progress on hierarchical beta zeolites from various synthetic strategies. Using zeolite beta as a representative case, we provide an overview on key aspects that are applicable to different zeolites via a variety of topics, such as selection of different template materials, tailoring of mesopore sizes by base leaching, organotemplate‐free synthesis of hierarchical zeolites, and selective desilication. This article concludes with a perspective on the design of scalable hierarchical zeolites that are more relevant as industrial catalysts in commercial processes.
B‐MWW Zeolite: The Case Against Single‐Site Catalysis
Authors: Altvater Natalie R. , Dorn Rick W. , Cendejas Melissa C. , McDermott William P. , Thomas Brijith , Rossini Aaron J. , Hermans Ive 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBoron‐containing materials have recently been identified as highly selective catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of alkanes to olefins. It has previously been demonstrated by several spectroscopic characterization techniques that the surface of these boron‐containing ODH catalysts oxidize and hydrolyze under reaction conditions, forming an amorphous B2(OH)xO(3−x/2) (x=0–6) layer. Yet, the precise nature of the active site(s) remains elusive. In this Communication, we provide a detailed characterization of zeolite MCM‐22 isomorphously substituted with boron (B‐MWW). Using 11B solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, we show that the majority of boron species in B‐MWW exist as isolated BO3 units, fully incorporated into the zeolite framework. However, this material shows no catalytic activity for ODH of propane to propene. The catalytic inactivity of B‐MWW for ODH of propane falsifies the hypothesis that site‐isolated BO3 units are the active site in boron‐based catalysts. This observation is at odds with other traditionally studied catalysts like vanadium‐based catalysts and provides an important piece of the mechanistic puzzle.
Disentangling Reaction Processes of Zeolites within Single‐Oriented Channels
Authors: Fu Donglong , van der Heijden Onno , Stanciakova Katarina , Schmidt Joel E. , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEstablishing structure–reactivity relationships for specific channel orientations of zeolites is vital to developing new, superior materials for various applications, including oil and gas conversion processes. Herein, a well‐defined model system was developed to build structure–reactivity relationships for specific zeolite‐channel orientations during various catalytic reaction processes, for example, the methanol‐ and ethanol‐to‐hydrocarbons (MTH and ETH) process as well as oligomerization reactions. The entrapped and effluent hydrocarbons from single‐oriented zeolite ZSM‐5 channels during the MTH process were monitored by using operando UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and on‐line mass spectrometry (MS), respectively. The results reveal that the straight channels favor the formation of internal coke, promoting the aromatic cycle. Furthermore, the sinusoidal channels produce aromatics, (e.g., toluene) that further grow into larger polyaromatics (e.g., graphitic coke) leading to deactivation of the zeolites. This underscores the importance of careful engineering of materials to suppress coke formation and tune product distribution by rational control of the location of zeolite acid sites and crystallographic orientations.
A Direct S0→Tn Transition in the Photoreaction of Heavy‐Atom‐Containing Molecules
Authors: Nakajima Masaya , Nagasawa Sho , Matsumoto Koki , Kuribara Takahito , Muranaka Atsuya , Uchiyama Masanobu , Nemoto Tetsuhiro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAccording to the Grotthuss–Draper law, light must be absorbed by a substrate to initiate a photoreaction. There have been several reports, however, on the promotion of photoreactions using hypervalent iodine during irradiation with light from a non‐absorbing region. This contradiction gave rise to a mystery regarding photoreactions involving hypervalent iodine. We demonstrated that the photoactivation of hypervalent iodine with light from the apparently non‐absorbing region proceeds via a direct S0→Tn transition, which has been considered a forbidden process. Spectroscopic, computational, and synthetic experimental results support this conclusion. Moreover, the photoactivation mode could be extended to monovalent iodine and bromine, as well as bismuth(III)‐containing molecules, providing new possibilities for studying photoreactions that involve heavy‐atom‐containing molecules.
Inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mineral water by DP1 bacteriophage immobilized on ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer used as seal caps of plastic bottles
Authors: Novello Júnia , Sillankorva Sanna , Pires Priscila , Azeredo Joana , Wanke César Henrique , Tondo Eduardo César , Bianchi Otávio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa has been found in bottled natural mineral water, even though its presence is not allowed in this product by different food regulations. This study aimed to investigate the inactivation of P. aeruginosa present in mineral water by vB_PaeM_CEB_DP1 (short name DP1) bacteriophage immobilized on ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer used as seal caps of plastic bottles. EVA was chemically modified using microwave‐assisted alcoholysis, improving polymer‐phage binding. After that, DP1 phage was attached to EVA and EVA‐OH copolymers and both surfaces were tested for plaque formation using P. aeruginosa. Then, both materials containing immobilized phages were used as seal caps of plastic bottles and its antimicrobial capacity was tested against P. aeruginosa contaminating mineral water. The EVA‐OH resulted in higher hydrogen bond density that contributed significantly to the phage immobilization on the polymer surface. The polymers containing immobilized phages were able to reduce 0.53 log of P. aeruginosa population present inside mineral water bottles after 14 days.
Polydimethylsiloxane wrapped aluminum diethylphosphinate for enhancing the flame retardancy of polyamide 6
Authors: Pan Ying , Song Lei , Wang Weiming , Zhao Hongting 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) was wrapped with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by a facile method to improve its hydrophobic properties. The morphology and properties of PDMS‐modified ADP (PDMS‐ADP) were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and water contact angle tests. The water contact angle of PDMS‐ADP was increased from 126° to 151° as compared with that of ADP, which indicates that PDMS‐ADP showed good hydrophobic properties. Then, ADP and PDMS‐ADP were introduced into polyamide 6 (PA6) matrices to study the flame retardancy of the composites. The flammability of the PA6/ADP and PA6/PDMS‐ADP composites was much lower than that of pure PA6. The composites PA6‐1 (with the addition of 15 wt% ADP) and PA6‐4 (with the addition of 12 wt% PDMS‐ADP) could pass the UL‐94 V‐0 in the vertical burning test. Meanwhile, the peak heat release rates of PA6‐1 and PA6‐4 were 212 and 192 kW/m2, with reductions of 67.3 and 70.4%, respectively, compared with pure PA6. These results indicated that the coating of PDMS could enhance the flame‐retardant efficiency of ADP.
Cochlear Implantation From the Perspective of Genetic Background
Authors: Usami Shin‐ichi , Nishio Shin‐ya , Moteki Hideaki , Miyagawa Maiko , Yoshimura Hidekane 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTWhile cochlear implantation (CI) technology has greatly improved over the past 40 years, one aspect of CI that continues to pose difficulties is the variability of outcomes due to numerous factors involved in postimplantation performance. The electric acoustic stimulation (EAS) system has expanded indications for CI to include patients with residual hearing, and is currently becoming a standard therapy for these patients. Genetic disorders are known to be the most common cause of congenital/early‐onset sensorineural hearing loss, and are also involved in a considerable proportion of cases of late‐onset hearing loss. There has been a great deal of progress in the identification of deafness genes over the last two decades. Currently, more than 100 genes have been reported to be associated with non‐syndromic hearing loss. Patients possessing a variety of deafness gene mutations have achieved satisfactory auditory performance after CI/EAS, suggesting that identification of the genetic background facilitates prediction of post‐CI/EAS performance. When the intra‐cochlear etiology is associated with a specific genetic background, there is a potential for good CI performance. Thus, it is essential to determine which region of the cochlea is affected by identifying the responsible genes. This review summarizes the genetic background of the patients receiving CI/EAS, and introduces detailed clinical data and CI/EAS outcomes in representative examples. Anat Rec, 303:563–593, 2020. © 2020 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
Further Study of CO2 Electrochemical Reduction on Palladium Modified BDD Electrode: Influence of Electrolyte
Authors: Jiwanti Prastika Krisma , Einaga Yasuaki 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe study of CO2 electrochemical reduction to useful compounds using bare or modified BDD electrode attracts numerous attentions. Meanwhile, the efficiency of products obtained from CO2 electrochemical reduction is known to be determined by the electrode material and the electrolyte. Formic acid as main product and CO as a minor product, have also been known on the CO2 reduction using BDD electrode. Recently, we reported the successful improvement of CO production from the reduction of CO2 by decorating the surface of BDD electrode with palladium particles. Following this, herein, we present further investigation on electrolyte dependence, including cation and anion dependence and also concentration effect in order to understand deeply the CO2 reduction on surface of palladium modified BDD electrode. The results suggest the use of NaCl and KCl as a catholyte for optimum performance, in addition to the improvement of CO2 reduction product in higher electrolyte concentration.
2D/2D h‐BN/N‐doped MoS2 Heterostructure Catalyst with Enhanced Peroxidase‐like Performance for Visual Colorimetric Determination of H2O2
Authors: Zhang Xin , Gao Yanfang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRecently, nanozymes have attracted extensive attention because of their advantages of combining nanomaterials with enzymes. Herein, hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) and nitride‐doped molybdenum disulfide (N−MoS2) nano‐composites (h‐BN/N−MoS2) were synthesized by facile and cost‐effective liquid exfoliation with a solvothermal method in nontoxic ethanol solution. The results show that h‐BN, as a co‐catalyst, can not only dope into the lattice of MoS2 but also form a heterogeneous structure with MoS2NSs. It expanded the layer spacing and specific surface area of MoS2NSs, which was beneficial to the contact between the catalyst and the substrate, and resulted in a synergistic enhancement of the catalytic activity of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with MoS2. A colorimetric determination platform of h‐BN/N−MoS2‐TMB‐H2O2 was constructed. It exhibited a wide linear range of 1–1000 μM with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.4 μM under optimal conditions, high sensitivity and stability, as well as good reliability (99.4–110.0%) in practice, making the measurement system more widely applicable.1. Introduction
Enantioselective Sequential‐Flow Synthesis of Baclofen Precursor via Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition and Chemoselective Hydrogenation on Platinum/Carbon/Calcium Phosphate Composites
Authors: Ishitani Haruro , Furiya Yuichi , Kobayashi Shu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractContinuous‐flow synthesis of baclofen precursor (2) was achieved using achiral and chiral heterogeneous catalysts in high yield with high enantioselectivity. The key steps are chiral calcium‐catalyzed asymmetric 1,4‐addition of a malonate to a nitroalkene and chemoselective reduction of a nitro compound to the corresponding amino compound by using molecular hydrogen. A dimethylpolysilane (DMPS)‐modified platinum catalyst supported on activated carbon (AC) and calcium phosphate (CP) has been developed that has remarkable activity for the selective hydrogenation of nitro compounds.