bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant Community Establishment in a Coastal Marsh Restored Using Sediment Additions
Authors: Howard Rebecca J. , Rafferty Patricia S. , Johnson Darren J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA goal of wetland restoration is the establishment of resilient plant communities that persist under a variety of environmental conditions. We investigated the role of intraspecific and interspecific variation on plant community establishment in a brackish marsh that had been restored by sediment addition. Plant growth, sediment accretion, and surface elevation change in planted, not-planted, and nearby reference sites (treatments) were compared. Four perennial macrophytes were planted:Bolboschoenus robustus,Distichlis spicata,Phragmites australis, andSchoenoplectus californicus. There was 100% survival of the planted species, and all exhibited rapid vegetative spread. Intraspecific variation in stem height and cover was identified, and interspecific comparisons also indicated differences in species cover. Treatment comparisons revealed that final total cover at not-planted sites was equivalent to that at reference sites, and was highest at planted sites whereP. australisbecame dominant. Species richness was initially highest at the reference sites, but final richness was equivalent among treatments. Soil surface elevation was greater at planted compared to not-planted and reference sites. Because of the rapid cover and increased surface elevation generated by planted species, the resiliency of restored coastal marshes may be enhanced by plantings in areas where natural colonization is slow and subsidence is high.
Water source quality testing in Gezira State, Sudan, using the compartment bag test
Authors: Abdelgalili Eltigani Bashier , Ahmed Mohamadani , Adam Jaafar , Hamid Samira , Afsatou Traore , Elshiekh Ibtisam , Natasha Potgieter 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Although poor water quality is recognized as a public health threat, it has been little investigated in Sudan. In this paper, water sources in Gezira State, Greater Wad Medani locality, have been categorized as safe, intermediate safe and high-risk unsafe sources using the compartment bag test (CBT) to detect E. coli, which is an indicator of fecal contamination of water. The CBT is simple, portable and self-contained, and it can be done in the field environment. A total of 122 samples were collected from different water sources and included rivers, water treatment plant, boreholes/tube wells, hand pumps, public water taps, public water coolers, public elevated water tanks and household elevated water tanks. It was found that 69% (84/122) of investigated water sources were safe to drink. The sources most likely to be contaminated were those close to industrial points and factories or open sources exposed to pollution. The result showed that the highest level of contamination of water sources (high risk and unsafe) was observed in rural area (9.1%) followed by urban (5.7%) and peri-urban (1.6%). Frequent and routine qualitative analysis of water sources using CBT is recommended to improve human health and hence the country’s development.
In AI We Trust Incrementally: a Multi-layer Model of Trust to Analyze Human-Artificial Intelligence Interactions
Authors: Ferrario Andrea , Loi Michele , Viganò Eleonora 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Real engines of the artificial intelligence (AI) revolution, machine learning (ML) models, and algorithms are embedded nowadays in many services and products around us. As a society, we argue it is now necessary to transition into a phronetic paradigm focused on the ethical dilemmas stemming from the conception and application of AIs to define actionable recommendations as well as normative solutions. However, both academic research and society-driven initiatives are still quite far from clearly defining a solid program of study and intervention. In this contribution, we will focus on selected ethical investigations around AI by proposing an incremental model of trust that can be applied to both human-human and human-AI interactions. Starting with a quick overview of the existing accounts of trust, with special attention to Taddeo’s concept of “e-trust,” we will discuss all the components of the proposed model and the reasons to trust in human-AI interactions in an example of relevance for business organizations. We end this contribution with an analysis of the epistemic and pragmatic reasons of trust in human-AI interactions and with a discussion of kinds of normativity in trustworthiness of AIs.
Associations between small and middle molecules clearance and the change of cognitive function in peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Li Yi , Pi Hai-chen , Yang Zhi-Kai , Dong Jie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundUremic toxins have been suspected as potential contributors for cognitive impairment in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. However, associations between the clearance of serum small and middle molecules and the change of cognitive function were not fully explored and then we explored this issue in the present study.MethodA total of clinically-stable 222 patients on PD were enrolled and then followed up for 2 years in this single-center prospective cohort study. Small and middle molecules clearances were examined by urea clearance (Kt/V), creatinine clearance (Ccr) and beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) clearance via dialysate and urine at baseline and after 2 years. Global and specific cognitive impairment were measured at baseline and after 2 years. Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) was assessed for global cognitive function, trail-making tests A and B for executive function and subtests of the battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status for immediate and delayed memory, visuospatial skills and language ability.ResultsThe median of total Kt/V, Ccr and B2M clearance were 1.89, 53.2 l/w/1.73 m2and 17.5 l/w/1.73 m2, respectively at baseline. The prevalence of global cognitive impairment was 12.3% for 222 patients and 15.4% for the remained 130 patients after 2 years. At baseline, total Kt/V was independently positively associated with delayed memory function. Total and dialysate beta-2 microglobulin clearance was positively associated with 3MS scores and negatively with completion time on trail A after multivariate adjustment. At 2 years, we observed a significant difference in the changing trend of 3MS scores between groups divided by total B2M clearance (P = 0.033), which still maintained to be meaningful after multivariate adjustment (P = 0.024). Patients with total B2M clearance > 19.0 l/w/1.73 m2got significant improvement on their 3MS scores (P = 0.005). Patients divided by total Kt/V or Ccr were not significantly different in the trends of general and any specific cognitive function during the follow up.ConclusionThe higher middle molecules clearance independently correlated to better performance on general cognitive and executive function in PD patients, which also predict an improvement in general cognitive function during the follow up.
Collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm based on user correlation and evolutionary clustering
Authors: Chen Jianrui , Zhao Chunxia , Uliji  , Chen Lifang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In recent years, application of recommendation algorithm in real life such as Amazon, Taobao is getting universal, but it is not perfect yet. A few problems need to be solved such as sparse data and low recommended accuracy. Collaborative filtering is a mature algorithm in the recommended systems, but there are still some problems. In this paper, a novel collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm based on user correlation and evolutionary clustering is presented. Firstly, score matrix is pre-processed with normalization and dimension reduction, to obtain denser score data. Based on these processed data, clustering principle is generated and dynamic evolutionary clustering is implemented. Secondly, the search for the nearest neighbors with highest similar interest is considered. A measurement about the relationship between users is proposed, called user correlation, which applies the satisfaction of users and the potential information. In each user group, user correlation is applied to choose the nearest neighbors to predict ratings. The proposed method is evaluated using the Movielens dataset. Diversity experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has outstanding performance in predicted accuracy and recommended precision.
Constant state of change: engagement inequality in temporal dynamic networks
Authors: Miller Hadar , Mokryn Osnat 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe temporal changes in complex systems of interactions have excited the research community in recent years as they encompass understandings on their dynamics and evolution. From the collective dynamics of organizations and online communities to the spreading of information and fake news, to name a few, temporal dynamics are fundamental in the understanding of complex systems. In this work, we quantify the level of engagement in dynamic complex systems of interactions, modeled as networks. We focus on interaction networks for which the dynamics of the interactions are coupled with that of the topology, such as online messaging, forums, and emails. We define two indices to capture the temporal level of engagement: the Temporal Network (edge) Intensity index, and the Temporal Dominance Inequality index. Our surprising results are that these measures are stationary for most measured networks, regardless of vast fluctuations in the size of the networks in time. Moreover, more than 80% of weekly changes in the indices values are bounded by less than 10%. The indices are stable between the temporal evolution of a network but are different between networks, and a classifier can determine the network the temporal indices belong to with high success. We find an exception in the Enron management email exchange during the year before its disintegration, in which both indices show high volatility throughout the inspected period.
About complexity of complex networks
Authors: Goryashko Alexander , Samokhine Leonid , Bocharov Pavel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe derive complexity estimates for two classes of deterministic networks: the Boolean networksS(Bn,m), which compute the Boolean vector-functionsBn,m, and the classes of graphs$G(V_{P_{m,\,l}}, E)$G(VPm,l,E), with overlapping communities and high density. The latter objects are well suited for the synthesis of resilience networks. For the Boolean vector-functions, we propose a synthesis of networks on a NOT, AND, and OR logical basis and unreliable channels such that the computation of any Boolean vector-function is carried out with polynomial information cost.All vertexes of the graphs$G(V_{P_{m,\,l}}, E)$G(VPm,l,E)are labeled by the trinomial (m2±l,m)-partitions from the set of partitionsPm,l. It turns out that such labeling makes it possible to create networks of optimal algorithmic complexity with highly predictable parameters. Numerical simulations of simple graphs for trinomial (m2±l,m)-partition families (m=3,4,…,9) allow for the exact estimation of all commonly known topological parameters for the graphs. In addition, a new topological parameter—overlapping index—is proposed. The estimation of this index offers an explanation for the maximal density value for the clique graphs$G(V_{P_{m,\,l}}, E)$G(VPm,l,E).
Application of Computational Biology to Decode Brain Transcriptomes
Authors: Li Jie , Wang Guang-Zhong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technologies has generated massive valuable brain transcriptome atlases, providing great opportunities for systematically investigating gene expression characteristics across various brain regions throughout a series of developmental stages. Recent studies have revealed that the transcriptional architecture is the key to interpreting the molecular mechanisms of brain complexity. However, our knowledge of brain transcriptional characteristics remains very limited. With the immense efforts to generate high-quality brain transcriptome atlases, new computational approaches to analyze these high-dimensional multivariate data are greatly needed. In this review, we summarize some public resources for brain transcriptome atlases and discuss the general computational pipelines that are commonly used in this field, which would aid in making new discoveries in brain development and disorders.
Memory matters in dementia: Efficacy of a mobile reminiscing therapy app
Authors: Yu Fang , Mathiason Michelle A. , Johnson Kari , Gaugler Joseph E. , Klassen Dan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionReminiscence therapy has been shown to improve mental health and quality of life in dementia; however, reminiscence therapy is often delivered by therapists instead of being technology‐enabled. This study evaluated the preliminary efficacy of Memory Matters (MM), an iPad reminiscence game on mood, social interaction, quality of life, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.MethodsThis pilot study used an experimental design where participants were randomized on a 2:2:1 ratio to three arms: individual MM (one‐on‐one with an interventionist), group MM (2–3 participants per session), or waitlist control. MM was delivered for 30 minutes a session, twice a week for six weeks, followed by six‐week self‐play. Outcomes were assessed at the baseline, six weeks, and 12 weeks by data collectors blinded to group allocation. Data were analyzed using intention‐to‐treat analysis and analysis of covariance.ResultsThe sample (n = 80) was 82.1 ± 7.8 years in age with 58% female, 15.3 ± 3.3 years of education. Mood did not differ, except for apathetic mood between group MM and control arm at 12 weeks (P = .051). Social interaction improved for individual MM compared with group MM (t = 2.38, P = .017) and control (t = 2.84, P = .005) at six weeks, but not 12 weeks. Other outcomes did not differ.DiscussionMM improved social interaction and possibly mood. Future studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of MM with a sufficient sample size.
Catharine Trotter Cockburn’s Democratization of Moral Virtue
Authors: Lustila Getty L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper examines Catharine Trotter Cockburn’s moral philosophy, focusing on her accounts of virtuous conduct, conscience, obligation, and moral character. I argue that Cockburn’s account of virtue has two interlocking parts: a view of what virtue requires of us, and a view of how we come to see this requirement as authoritative. I then argue that while the two parts are ultimately in tension with one another, the tension is instructive. I use Cockburn’s encounter with Shaftesbury’s writings to help bring out this tension in her thought. I conclude that Cockburn’s work marks a bridge in modern moral philosophy from seventeenth-century natural law theory to the naturalism of the eighteenth century— that of Gay, Hume, and Bentham.
Hierarchy effects in copula constructions
Authors: Keine Stefan , Wagner Michael , Coon Jessica 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper develops a generalization about agreement in German copula constructions described in Coon et al. (2017), and proposes an analysis that ties it to other well-established hierarchy phenomena. Specifically, we show that “assumed-identity” copula constructions in German exibit both person and number hierarchy effects, and that these extend beyond the “non-canonical” or “inverse” agreement patterns described in previous work on copula constructions (e.g., Béjar and Kahnemuyipour 2017 and works cited there). We present experimental evidence to support this generalization, and then develop an account that unifies it with hierarchy phenomena in other languages, with a focus on PCC effects. Specifically, we propose that what German copula constructions have in common with PCC environments is that there are multiple accessible DPs in the domain of a single agreement probe, the lower of which is more featurally specified than the higher (see, e.g., Béjar and Rezac 2003, 2009; Anagnostopoulou 2005; Nevins 2007). We also offer an explanation as to why number effects are present in German copula constructions but notably absent in PCC effects. We then place our account within the broader context of constraints on predication structures.
Aggressive Behavior in School-aged Children: Clusters based on Anger, Empathy and Testosterone and Cortisol Measures
Authors: Pascual-Sagastizabal Eider , Sánchez-Martín José Ramón , Vegas Oscar , Muñoz José Manuel , Braza Paloma , Carreras María Rosario , del Puerto-Golzarri Nora , Azurmendi Aitziber 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of this piece of research was to study the existence of clusters based on anger, empathy and cortisol and testosterone measures associated with aggressive behavior in school-aged children. The sample group comprised 139 eight-year-old children (80 boys and 59 girls). Aggressive behavior was measured using the Direct and Indirect Aggression Scale. Both psychological and biological variables were used to determine psychobiological profiles. The psychological variables considered were trait anger, measured using the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory for Children and Adolescents, and empathy, measured using the Empathy Quotient-Child Version. Testosterone and cortisol concentrations were measured through saliva samples and analyzed using an ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). A Cluster Analysis revealed three clusters which were clearly different as regards their psychological and biological characteristics. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the cluster characterized by having higher anger levels, lower empathy levels and higher testosterone and cortisol levels was more aggressive than the other two (p &lt; .0001, η2 = .19). The results indicate that studying psychological and biological variables together may help establish differentiated aggression patterns among children.
Hormonal Alterations in Victimized Women Explained by Their Hostile Reactions in Coping with Couple Violence
Authors: Romero-Martínez Ángel , Blasco-Ros Concepción , Martínez Manuela , Moya-Albiol Luis 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent studies have highlighted the dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and its end products, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), in women with a history of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. These studies analyzed several coping styles, but they neglected to examine the use of violent strategies to confront IPV and the way these strategies affect HPA functioning. This latter proposal would be based on the gender symmetry model of IPV, which sustains that IPV is generally symmetrical, but that women’s violence tends to be a reaction to male violence. Hence, the main objective of the present study was to examine whether women’s violent reactions to IPV would significantly predict salivary cortisol and DHEA levels, as well as the cortisol/DHEA ratio (assessed through two saliva samples per day on four consecutive work days), controlling for the women’s prior IPV abuse, psychopathology, and demographic variables. Our data demonstrated that, specifically, psychological confrontation strategies predicted vespertine cortisol levels (adj R2 = .18, β = .447, p &lt; .01) and the cortisol/DHEA ratio (adj R2 = .08, β = .322, p &lt; .05), even after controlling several confounding variables, whereas physical and total confrontation in response to IPV did not predict these hormonal parameters.
Seasonal Variations in the Small Phytoplankton Contribution to the Total Primary Production in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Lim Yu Jeong , Kim Tae‐Wan , Lee SangHoon , Lee Dabin , Park Jisoo , Kim Bo Kyung , Kim Kwanwoo , Jang Hyo Keun , Bhavya P.S. , Lee Sang H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe importance of small phytoplankton in warming and stratified water conditions has been emphasized, but little information on the small phytoplankton contribution is currently available in the Southern Ocean. In this study, we analyzed temporal variations in the carbon uptake rates of large and small phytoplankton and the small phytoplankton contributions to the total primary production. The data were collected in the Amundsen Sea polynya region using three different field observations (early January, January–February, and February–March) from 2012 to 2016. The total primary production in the polynya region decreased from 0.84 ± 0.18 g C·m−2·day−1 in early January to 0.19 ± 0.04 g C·m−2·day−1 in February–March, which is typical of the seasonal variation in the primary production of phytoplankton in the Amundsen Sea. In contrast, the small phytoplankton contributions to the total carbon uptake rates increased considerably from early January (14.9 ± 8.4%) to February–March (50.8 ± 18.4%) in the polynya region. This substantial increase of small phytoplankton contribution was not caused by increasing biomass and the specific uptake rates of small phytoplankton, but rather by seasonally declining biomass and the specific uptake rates of large phytoplankton during the study period. The overall contribution (25.5 ± 15.7%) of small phytoplankton to the primary production in the polynya region based on the three different time observations is significantly higher than the previous result (14.9 ± 8.4%) based on one time observation. Therefore, a seasonal variation in the small phytoplankton contribution in the Amundsen Sea should be considered in further studies.
Kuroshio Shape Composition and Distribution of Filamentous Diazotrophs in the East China Sea and Southern Yellow Sea
Authors: Jiang Zhibing , Chen Jianfang , Zhai Hongchang , Zhou Feng , Yan Xiaojun , Zhu Yuanli , Xuan Jiliang , Shou Lu , Chen Quanzhen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe filamentous Trichodesmium and Richelia/Calothrix appear to be crucial N2‐fixing cyanobacteria throughout the warm oligotrophic ocean, particularly in western boundary currents. The Kuroshio, the hotspot of N2 fixation in the Pacific Ocean, intrudes into the East China Sea (ECS) and southern Yellow Sea (SYS), which may profoundly influence composition and distribution of filamentous diazotrophs. We provide high spatial resolution dataset of filamentous diazotrophs in the ECS and SYS in July and August 2013. Results showed that Trichodesmium colonies and Richelia/Calothrix were strictly restricted to warm, saline, nitrogen‐limited waters of the ECS influenced by Kuroshio and were not detected in the SYS. The density of Trichodesmium in the ECS and SYS was 8.48 × 106 trichomes/m2, and colonial trichomes accounted for 40%. In addition to free filaments, Richelia/Calothrix were found to be symbiotic with diatoms Hemiaulus, Rhizosolenia/Guinardia, Chaetoceros, and Bacteriastrum with a total density at 2.13 × 106 heterocysts/m2 in the ECS. The densities of filamentous diazotrophs were significantly higher in high‐salinity region of the ECS (mainly controlled by Kuroshio) than in low‐salinity region of the ECS and in the SYS. The densities of Trichodesmium and Richelia/Calothrix were significantly and positively correlated with temperature, salinity, and mixed‐layer depth but were negatively correlated with NO3, turbidity, and chlorophyll‐a. These results suggested that composition and distribution of filamentous diazotrophs in the ECS and SYS were largely shaped by Kuroshio and associated physicochemical properties. We hypothesize that active N2 fixation in Kuroshio may be substantially supported by Richelia/Calothrix in addition to Trichodesmium.