bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The substitute effect of internal R&D and external knowledge acquisition in emerging markets
Authors: Wang Tao , Yu Xue , Cui Nan 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to provide a new perspective in investigating how internal research and development (R&D) and external knowledge acquisition interact regarding their influence on innovation performance in an emerging market context. Building on an attention-based view (ABV), it argues that internal R&D and external knowledge acquisition can be substitutes for each other in emerging markets. Its contingency factors are also discussed according to the principles of the ABV.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed hypotheses were empirically tested using a Tobit model approach. The data used was from the enterprise survey and the follow-up innovation survey conducted by the World Bank in 10 emerging market countries.FindingsThe results indicate that internal R&D and external knowledge acquisition entails a substitute effect among emerging market firms (EMFs). A higher level of manager’s open-mindedness to external knowledge and firm performance and a lower level of firm administrative control help mitigate the substitute effect of internal R&D and external knowledge acquisition. While adequate financial resources may not necessarily mitigate the substitute effect, it is an essential condition for the external knowledge acquisition to play a role in enhancing innovation performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe research uses a set of cross-sectional data. A dynamic study will provide a deeper understanding of the long-term effects of innovation investments.Practical implicationsTo better use innovation investments, EMFs need to assess their specific conditions and the possible substitute effect of internal R&D and external knowledge acquisition activities.Originality/valuePrevious research discussing the interactive effect of internal R&D and external knowledge acquisition has mostly focused on an absorptive capacity perspective, which represents a firm’s technical ability. This study argues that these investments not only involve in absorbing knowledge technically but also form a challenge for the limited firm resources and can cause cognitive problems in management, especially for EMFs.
An MCDM framework for assessment of social sustainability indicators of the freight transport industry under uncertainty. A multi-company perspective
Authors: Kumar Aalok , A Ramesh 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThe balancing of sustainability dimensions is the prime agenda of supply chain organisations. The supply chain sustainability greatly influenced by its freight transport activities. Most of the previous work discussed the economic and environmental sustainability of freight transport industry; although the social sustainability (SS) dimension paid less attention to researchers and practitioners of emerging economies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the importance of SS indicators in the freight transport industry. The SS assessment framework is validated with the Indian freight transport industry.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed framework considers four SS dimension and 25 indicators. The SS indicators’ importance varies with the individual company's prospect. Therefore the proposed framework is used in multi-company perspective as well as in industry perspective to present more realistic results. The importance weight of SS dimension and indicators are computed with a novel multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method, i.e. fuzzy best–worst method (FBWM).FindingsThe prioritisation of SS indicators in each company perspective is compared with an industry perspective. The contribution to community health and education program is most valuable indicator followed by the prevention of child and forced labour. The model robustness is tested through sensitivity analysis and reported that less variation in indicators’ ranking.Originality/valueTo authors best of knowledge, this is the first study to highlight the importance of SS indicators in the freight transport industry. This study contributes to the sustainability assessment literature by providing a nuanced perception of the SS indicators and put forward managerial implications for improving the SS of the freight transport industry. The proposed framework could be treated as a benchmark for other developing nation's freight transport industry.
The Six Sigma framework improves the awareness and management of supply-chain risk
Authors: Andersson Roy , Pardillo-Baez Yinef 
Published: April 2020

PurposeModern supply chains are at risk as a result of increasing disturbance. The use of Lean and Six Sigma’'s values, methods and tools can be one option to analyze, prevent and mitigate risks. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a combined Lean Six Sigma philosophy can support the awareness and management of supply-chain risk.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology followed in the study is based on a literature review and multiple case study, performed by means of qualitative methods of data collection, such as observations on-site, face-to-face interviews and document analysis. Case selection includes the results of research conducted in seven large Swedish companies.FindingsIt has been indicated that Lean and Six Sigma values, methods and tools can be very effective in companies’ efforts to control the supply-chain risks and that they improve the companies’ ability to handle variability and risk management. Lean Six Sigma supports a risk-management culture in the focal companies, but they must involve customers and companies in the supply chain if they wish to create a risk-management culture in the entire supply chain. In order to do this, they can use the Six Sigma training structure, but they need to include more risk tools and methods developed for the supply chain management. It has also been indicated in the literature that if more people involve in 6S projects, the financial results will be better, and the innovation of processes will increase.Research limitations/implicationsThese include suggestions for how the companies can use the Six sigma training structure to collaborate in the supply chain.Practical implicationsThis study gives practical suggestions for how the companies in supply chain can collaborate and use the Six Sigma training structure for creating a more holistic view of supply chain, which also decrease risks in supply chain.Originality/valueThis study indicates that Lean Six Sigma supports risk awareness and management in the focal companies of the supply chains, which improves companies’ ability to handle variability and risk management. It has also been demonstrated that the companies should use the Six Sigma framework, especially training, as a foundation, and they should create common projects for better collaboration in the supply chain, which will decrease the risks in the entire supply chain.
A dynamic microbial sulfur cycle in a serpentinizing continental ophiolite
Authors: Sabuda Mary C. , Brazelton William J. , Putman Lindsay I. , McCollom Tom M. , Hoehler Tori M. , Kubo Michael D. Y. , Cardace Dawn , Schrenk Matthew O. 
Published: April 2020

SummarySerpentinization is the hydration and oxidation of ultramafic rock, which occurs as oceanic lithosphere is emplaced onto continental margins (ophiolites), and along the seafloor as faulting exposes this mantle‐derived material to circulating hydrothermal fluids. This process leads to distinctive fluid chemistries as molecular hydrogen (H2) and hydroxyl ions (OH−) are produced and reduced carbon compounds are mobilized. Serpentinizing ophiolites also serve as a vector to transport sulfur compounds from the seafloor onto the continents. We investigated hyperalkaline, sulfur‐rich, brackish groundwater in a serpentinizing continental ophiolite to elucidate the role of sulfur compounds in fuelling in situ microbial activities. Here we illustrate that key sulfur‐cycling taxa, including Dethiobacter, Desulfitispora and ‘Desulforudis’, persist throughout this extreme environment. Biologically catalysed redox reactions involving sulfate, sulfide and intermediate sulfur compounds are thermodynamically favourable in the groundwater, which indicates they may be vital to sustaining life in these characteristically oxidant‐ and energy‐limited systems. Furthermore, metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses reveal a complex network involving sulfate reduction, sulfide oxidation and thiosulfate reactions. Our findings highlight the importance of the complete inorganic sulfur cycle in serpentinizing fluids and suggest sulfur biogeochemistry provides a key link between terrestrial serpentinizing ecosystems and their submarine heritage.
Sonographic and other nonglycemic factors can predict large‐for‐gestational‐age infants in diet‐managed gestational diabetes mellitus: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chee Chermaine , Hibbert Emily Jane , Lam Penny , Nanan Ralph , Liu Anthony 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. Left untreated or poorly controlled, GDM results in adverse infant outcomes such as large for gestational age (LGA). This study aims to identify nonglycemic maternal and fetal factors predictive of LGA outcomes in pregnancies complicated by diet‐managed GDM.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies complicated by diet‐managed GDM from 2004 to 2015. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed on maternal and perinatal factors to identify risk factors for LGA. In addition, a subset univariate analysis was conducted for pregnancies in which fetal ultrasound abdominal circumference measurements were available at gestational weeks 18 to 22, 24 to 28, and 29 to 33.ResultsA total of 1064 women were included, delivering 123 LGA infants. Women with higher parity (odds ratio [OR] 1.44; CI, 1.23‐1.68; P < .001) and higher prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.09; CI, 1.06‐1.12; P < .001) were more likely to have LGA infants. Maternal smoking (OR 0.30; CI, 0.14‐0.62; P = .001) and higher gestational age at birth (OR 0.91; CI, 0.84‐0.99; P = .018) were associated with reduced risk. Subset univariate analysis showed that fetal abdominal circumference measurements at weeks 24 to 28 and 29 to 33 beyond the 75th percentile (OR 5.92 and 13.74, respectively) and 90th percentile (OR 4.57 and 15.89, respectively) were highly predictive of LGA.ConclusionsParity, smoking status, maternal BMI, gestational age, and ultrasound fetal abdominal circumference measurements were identified as useful predictors of LGA. Presence of these predictors may prompt closer monitoring of pregnancy and early therapeutic intervention to improve management and reduce the risk of adverse fetal and maternal outcomes.
The use of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in patients with a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer in the US is infrequent and inconsistent
Authors: Forsmark Chris E. , Tang Gong , Xu Hongzhi , Tuft Marie , Hughes Steven J. , Yadav Dhiraj 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBackgroundPatients with chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer commonly develop exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and may not be adequately treated with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT).AimsTo estimate the frequency of diagnostic testing for exocrine insufficiency, and appropriate use of PERT, in a commercially insured population in the US.MethodsWe utilised a nationally representative administrative database representing 48.67 million individuals in over 80 US healthcare plans to assess testing for and treatment of exocrine insufficiency in patients who received a diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis (n = 37 061) or pancreatic cancer (n = 32 461) from 2001 to 2013. We identified the details of any testing for exocrine insufficiency and PERT use. We defined appropriate PERT use as a dosage of ≥120 000 USP units of lipase daily. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify predictors of appropriate use of PERT.ResultsIn patients with chronic pancreatitis, 6.5% had any testing for exocrine insufficiency, 30.4% filled a prescription for PERT, and 8.5% were prescribed an adequate dose. In those with pancreatic cancer, 1.9% had testing for exocrine insufficiency, 21.9% filled a prescription for PERT, and 5.5% were prescribed an adequate dose. Number of comorbidities, testing for exocrine insufficiency, pancreatic surgery and duration of enrolment were independent predictors for use and appropriate dosing.ConclusionsTesting for exocrine insufficiency, and appropriate dosing of PERT in patients with chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer, is infrequent and inconsistent in an insured US population. Efforts are needed to educate medical providers on the best practices for managing exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in these patients.
The phenotype of adverse drug effects: Do emergency visits due to adverse drug reactions look different in older people? Results from the ADRED study
Authors: Just Katja S. , Dormann Harald , Schurig Marlen , Böhme Miriam , Steffens Michael , Plank‐Kiegele Bettina , Ettrich Kristin , Seufferlein Thomas , Gräff Ingo , Igel Svitlana , Schricker Severin , Jaeger Simon U. , Schwab Matthias , Stingl Julia C. 
Published: April 2020

AimsOlder patients in particular suffer from adverse drug reactions (ADR) when presenting in the emergency department. We aimed to characterise the phenotype of those ADRs, to be able to recognise an ADR in older patients.MethodsCases of ADRs in emergency departments collected within the multicentre prospective observational study (ADRED) were analysed (n = 2215). We analysed ADR‐associated diagnoses, symptoms and their risk profiles. We present frequencies and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals for adults (18–64 years) compared to older adults (≥65 years; young–old 65–79, old–old ≥80 years) and regression coefficients (B) for each year of age.ResultsMost prominent differences were seen for drug‐associated confusion, dehydration, and bradycardia (OR 6.70 [1.59–28.27], B .054; OR 6.02 [2.41–15.03], B .081, and 4.82 [2.21–10.54], B .040), more likely seen in older adults. Bleedings were reported in all age groups, but gastrointestinal bleedings occurred with more than doubled chance in older adults (OR 2.46 [1.77–3.41], B .030), likewise did other bleedings such as haemorrhage from respiratory passages (OR 2.89 [1.37–6.11], B.036). Falls were more likely in older adults (OR 2.84 [1.77–4.53], B .030), while dizziness was frequent in both age groups.ConclusionOur data point to differences in symptoms of ADRs between adults and older individuals, with dangerous drug‐associated phenomena in the older adult such as bleedings or falls. Physicians should consider drug‐associated origins of symptoms in older adults with an increased risk for serious health problems.
Clinoforms and clinothems: Fundamental elements of basin infill
Authors: Pellegrini Claudio , Patruno Stefano , Helland‐Hansen William , Steel Ronald J. , Trincardi Fabio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis special issue dealing with the recent advances on modern and ancient clinoform‐stratified sedimentary successions arises from a European Geoscience Union (EGU) session “Clinoform drivers and stratigraphic products in siliciclastic and carbonate successions”, Vienna, April 2018. Clinoforms and clinothems represent a dominant architectural style of strata in many sedimentary environments, including deltaic and nondeltaic shorelines in both marine and lacustrine settings, and are one of the key building blocks of the sedimentary record. This Special Issue in Basin Research aspires to represent a step forward in understanding formation and preservation of these fundamental stratigraphic elements. As this Special Issue documents, a comprehensive understanding of clinoformal strata requires a multidisciplinary and multi‐scale approach. Sixteen papers present case studies from a variety of tectonic settings worldwide, investigated with an array of methods, including seismo‐stratigraphy, well logs, cores, high‐resolution biostratigraphy, outcrop studies and modern bathymetric data. While observations document sedimentary processes and products in sedimentary basins, numerical models are necessary to provide a quantitative basis for the extrapolation of these processes and strata at different temporal and spatial scales. The papers highlight at least five main research avenues that we briefly introduce and discuss below: (a) clinoforms and clinothems as sedimentary archives; (b) the nested nature of clinoformal strata and implications for the trajectory of the rollover point(s); (c) quantitative clinoform parameters and dynamic indices; (d) architecture, growth and sequence stratigraphy of marine versus lacustrine clinoformal strata; and (e) clinoforms and geological time. This introduction also contains brief descriptions of each paper of the Special Issue.
An inverse model‐based multiobjective estimation of distribution algorithm using Random‐Forest variable importance methods
Authors: Gholamnezhad Pezhman , Broumandnia Ali , Seydi Vahid 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMost existing methods of multiobjective estimation of distributed algorithms apply the estimation of distribution of the Pareto‐solution on the decision space during the search and little work has proposed on making a regression‐model for representing the final solution set. Some inverse‐model‐based approaches were reported, such as inversed‐model of multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (IM‐MOEA), where an inverse functional mapping from Pareto‐Front to Pareto‐solution is constructed on nondominated solutions based on Gaussian process and random grouping technique. But some of the effective inverse models, during this process, may be removed. This paper proposes an inversed‐model based on random forest framework. The main idea is to apply the process of random forest variable importance that determines some of the best assignment of decision variables (xn) to objective functions (fm) for constructing Gaussian process in inversed‐models that map all nondominated solutions from the objective space to the decision space. In this work, three approaches have been used: classical permutation, Naïve testing approach, and novel permutation variable importance. The proposed algorithm has been tested on the benchmark test suite for evolutionary algorithms [modified Deb K, Thiele L, Laumanns M, Zitzler E (DTLZ) and Walking Fish Group (WFG)] and indicates that the proposed method is a competitive and promising approach.
Trends in opioid initiation among people who use opioids in three US cities
Authors: Rouhani Saba , Park Ju Nyeong , Morales Kenneth B. , Green Traci C. , Sherman Susan G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe increased availability of prescription opioids (PO) and non‐medical prescription opioids (NMPO) has fundamentally altered drug markets and typical trajectories from initiation to high‐risk use among people who use opioids (PWUO). This multi‐site study explores trends in opioid initiation in three US cities and associations with sociodemographic factors, current drug use and overdose risk.Design and MethodsWe analysed survey data from a cross‐sectional study of PWUO in Baltimore, Maryland (n = 173), Boston, Massachusetts (n = 80) and Providence, Rhode Island (n = 75). Age of first exposure to PO, NMPO and heroin was used to calculate opioid of initiation, and multinomial regression was employed to explore correlates of initiating with each.ResultsThirty‐three percent of PWUO initiated with heroin, 24% with PO, 18% with NMPO and 24% with multiple opioids in their first year of use. We observed a reduction in heroin initiation and gradual replacement with PO/NMPO over time. Women were more likely to initiate with NMPO [relative risk ratio (RRR) 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1, 5.0], PO (RRR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1, 4.4) or multiple opioids (RRR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1, 4.2), than heroin. PWUO initiating with NMPO had significantly higher current benzodiazepine use, relative to those initiating with heroin (RRR 3.2, 95% CI 1.4, 7.4), and a high prevalence of current fentanyl use (30%).Discussion and ConclusionsOur study highlights women and PWUO initiating with NMPO as key risk groups amid the changing landscape of opioid use and overdose, and discusses implications for targeted prevention and treatment.
Importance of intensive blood pressure control in type 2 diabetes: Mechanisms, treatments and current guidelines
Authors: Marre Michel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObservational and interventional studies have shown that intensified blood pressure (BP) reduction can benefit people with diabetes. Because of their special haemodynamic properties, renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers are recommended. The results of the BP arm of the ADVANCE study strongly support the recently updated European Society of Cardiology/European Association of Diabetes recommendations for the treatment of BP in people with diabetes, which recommend a target systolic/diastolic BP of 130/80 mmHg with few exceptions, and a fixed combination of an RAAS blocker with a diuretic or a calcium channel blocker as first‐line treatment.
Elevated serum pentraxin 3 levels might predict the diagnosis of branch atheromatous disease at a very early stage
Authors: Ninomiya I. , Kanazawa M. , Uemura M. , Onodera O. 
Published: April 2020

Background and purposeBranch atheromatous disease (BAD) is one of the stroke subtypes caused by occlusion at the origin of a deep penetrating artery of the brain and is associated with a microatheroma or a junctional plaque. Patients with BAD often develop progressive worsening of neurologic deficits, although these patients often present minor stroke with clinical characteristics of lacunar syndrome at the onset. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is known to be a key molecule involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Although a high level of serum PTX3 is observed in patients with acute coronary syndrome, there are no reports on PTX3 levels in patients with BAD. This study aimed to investigate whether serum PTX3 levels can distinguish BAD from other stroke subtypes.MethodsWe investigated 93 patients with ischaemic stroke. Serum PTX3 levels on admission were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in patients with BAD and those with other stroke subtypes (each n ≥ 20).ResultsThe median PTX3 levels in patients with BAD (4840 pg/mL) were higher than those with other subtypes of stroke (3397 pg/mL in lacunar stroke, 1298 pg/mL in large‐artery atherosclerosis, 1470 pg/mL in cardioaortic embolism and 1006 pg/mL in control) (all P < 0.01).ConclusionOur results suggest that elevated serum PTX3 levels might predict the diagnosis of BAD at a very early stage.