bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Damage Control Laparotomy: High‐Volume Centers Display Similar Mortality Rates Despite Differences in Country Income Level
Authors: Traynor Michael D. , Hernandez Matthew C. , Aho Johnathon M. , Wise Kevin , Kong Victor , Clarke Damian , Harvin John A. , Zielinski Martin D. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundComprehensive analysis of trauma care between high‐, middle‐, and low‐income countries (HIC/MIC/LIC) is needed to improve global health. Comparison of HIC and MIC outcomes after damage control laparotomy (DCL) for patients is unknown. We evaluated DCL utilization among patients treated at high‐volume trauma centers in the USA and South Africa, an MIC, hypothesizing similar mortality outcomes despite differences in resources and setting.MethodsPost hoc analysis of prospectively collected trauma databases from participating centers was performed. Injury severity, physiologic, operative data and post‐operative outcomes were abstracted. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to assess differences between HIC/MIC for the primary outcome of mortality.ResultsThere were 967 HIC and 602 MIC patients who underwent laparotomy. DCL occurred in 144 MIC patients (25%) and 241 HIC (24%) patients. Most sustained (58%) penetrating trauma with higher rates in the MIC compared to the HIC (71 vs. 32%, p = 0.001). Between groups, no differences were found for admission physiology, coagulopathy, or markers of shock except for increased presence of hypotension among patients in the HIC. Crystalloid infusion volumes were greater among MIC patients, and MIC patients received fewer blood products than those in the HIC. Overall mortality was 30% with similar rates between groups (29 in HIC vs. 33% in MIC, p = 0.4). On regression, base excess and penetrating injury were independent predictors of mortality but not patient residential status.ConclusionUse and survival of DCL for patients with severe abdominal trauma was similar between trauma centers in HIC and MIC settings despite increased penetrating trauma and less transfusion in the MIC center. While the results overall suggest no gap in care for patients requiring DCL in this MIC, it highlights improvements that can be made in damage control resuscitation.
Measuring the long-term success of small-scale marine protected areas in a Philippine reef fishery
Authors: Bayley Daniel T. I. , Purvis Andy , Nellas Angelie C. , Arias Myrtle , Koldewey Heather J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTropical coral reefs are subject to multiple pressures from both natural and anthropogenic sources. These pressures have caused widespread declines in reef health, resulting in the increased use of spatial management tools such as marine protected areas (MPAs). MPAs have proven generally effective if well designed and enforced, but there are limited long-term studies investigating how the presence of small-scale MPAs affects fish populations and reef communities. Using a 12-year time series, we found that small-scale (10–50 ha) community-managed MPAs along the Danajon Bank of the Philippines preserved average fish biomass within their boundaries over time relative to surrounding fished reefs. Unprotected areas are, however, showing significant long-term biomass decline. MPAs were also found to preserve more key trophic groups and larger-bodied commercially targeted reef fish families. Fish biomass of piscivore, scavenger and invertivore trophic groups inside individual MPAs is, however, still declining at a similar rate as outside. Surprisingly, long-term benthic cover and growth form composition were not significantly affected overall by MPA presence, despite the sporadic use of highly destructive dynamite fishing in this region. Coral cover has remained historically low (21–28%) throughout the study, following widespread bleaching mortality. While management tempered overall abundance declines, we found that irrespective of MPA presence, there was a generalised decline of both large- and small-bodied fish size groups across the study region, most steeply within the 20–30 cm length fish, and a shift towards proportionally higher abundances of small (5–10 cm) fish. This indicates a combination of over-exploitation, inadequate MPA size and coverage for larger fish, and the lingering effects of the 1998 bleaching event. Generalised shifts in body size and trophic structure reported here could lead to future reductions in fishery productivity and stability and will be further exacerbated unless broader fishery regulations and enforcement is instated.
Combining decision making and dynamical systems for monitoring and executing manipulation tasks
Authors: Saveriano Matteo , Piater Justus 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a unified framework for online task scheduling, monitoring, and execution that integrates reconfigurable behavior trees, a decision-making framework with integrated low-level control functionalities, and reactive motion generation with stable dynamical systems. In this way, we realize a flexible and reactive system capable of coping with unexpected variations in the executive context without penalizing modularity, expressiveness, and readability of humans. The framework is evaluated in a simulated sorting task showing promising results in terms of flexibility regarding task scheduling and robustness to external disturbances.
Learn, detect, and grasp objects in real-world settings
Authors: Vincze Markus , Patten Timothy , Park Kiru , Bauer Dominik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExperts predict that future robot applications will require safe and predictable operation: robots will need to be able to explain what they are doing to be trusted. To reach this goal, they will need to perceive their environment and its object to better understand the world and the tasks they have to perform. This article gives an overview of present advances with the focus on options to learn, detect, and grasp objects. With the approach of colour and depth (RGB-D) cameras and the advances in AI and deep learning methods, robot vision has been pushed considerably over the last years. We summarise recent results for pose estimation of objects and work on verifying object poses using a digital twin and physics simulation. The idea is that any hypothesis from an object detector and pose estimator is verified leveraging on the continuous advances in deep learning approaches to create object hypotheses. We then show that the object poses are robust enough such that a mobile manipulator can approach the object and grasp it. We intend to indicate that it is now feasible to model, recognise and grasp many objects with good performance, though further work is needed for applications in industrial settings.
Impact of smoking on course and outcome of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Slettebø H. , Karic T. , Sorteberg A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
While the smoking-related risk of experiencing an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is well established, it remains unclear whether smoking has an unexpected “protective effect” in aSAH, or if smokers are more at risk for complications and poor outcomes.

Methods
Prospective, observational study investigating the course and outcome of aSAH in patients admitted during the years 2011 and 2012. Smoking status at admittance, demographic, medical, and radiological variables were registered along with management, complications, and outcome at 1 year in terms of mortality, modified Rankin score, and Glasgow outcome score extended. We compared current smokers with nonsmokers on group level and by paired analysis matched by aSAH severity, age, and severity of vasospasm.

Results
We included 237 patients, thereof 138 current smokers (58.2%). Seventy-four smoker/nonsmoker pairs were matched. Smokers presented more often in poor clinical grade, had less subarachnoid blood, and were younger than nonsmokers. Ruptured aneurysms were larger, and multiple aneurysms more common in smokers. Severe multi-vessel vasospasm was less frequent in smokers, whereas all other complications occurred at similar rates. Mortality at 30 days was lower in smokers and functional outcome was similar in smokers and nonsmokers. Poor clinical grade, age, cerebral infarction, and vertebrobasilar aneurysms were independent predictors of 1-year mortality and of poor functional outcome. Serious comorbidity was a predictor of 1-year mortality. Smoking did not predict mortality or poor functional outcome.

Conclusions
Notwithstanding clinically more severe aSAH, smokers developed less frequently severe vasospasm and had better outcome than expected. The risk for complications after aSAH is not increased in smokers.
Automated reference tissue normalization of T2-weighted MR images of the prostate using object recognition
Authors: Sunoqrot Mohammed R. S. , Nketiah Gabriel A. , Selnæs Kirsten M. , Bathen Tone F. , Elschot Mattijs 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo develop and evaluate an automated method for prostate T2-weighted (T2W) image normalization using dual-reference (fat and muscle) tissue.Materials and methodsTransverse T2W images from the publicly available PROMISE12 (N = 80) and PROSTATEx (N = 202) challenge datasets, and an in-house collected dataset (N = 60) were used. Aggregate channel features object detectors were trained to detect reference fat and muscle tissue regions, which were processed and utilized to normalize the 3D images by linear scaling. Mean prostate pseudo T2 values after normalization were compared to literature values. Inter-patient histogram intersections of voxel intensities in the prostate were compared between our approach, the original images, and other commonly used normalization methods. Healthy vs. malignant tissue classification performance was compared before and after normalization.ResultsThe prostate pseudo T2 values of the three tested datasets (mean ± standard deviation = 78.49 ± 9.42, 79.69 ± 6.34 and 79.29 ± 6.30 ms) corresponded well to T2 values from literature (80 ± 34 ms). Our normalization approach resulted in significantly higher (p < 0.001) inter-patient histogram intersections (median = 0.746) than the original images (median = 0.417) and most other normalization methods. Healthy vs. malignant classification also improved significantly (p < 0.001) in peripheral (AUC 0.826 vs. 0.769) and transition (AUC 0.743 vs. 0.678) zones.ConclusionAn automated dual-reference tissue normalization of T2W images could help improve the quantitative assessment of prostate cancer.
CFO characteristics and opportunistic accounting choice in public sector organizations
Authors: Donatella Pierre , Tagesson Torbjörn 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTwo different theoretical foundations in the literature relate to the quality of financial reporting in public sector organizations: one theoretical foundation is based on economic theory, and the other is based on institutional theory. In addition to examining the traditional factors derived from these theories, this paper focuses on the role of the chief financial officer (CFO), in order to broaden the theoretical perspective and add explanatory power with regards to the empirical testing of opportunistic accounting choice in public sector organizations. Similar to Anessi-Pessina and Sicilia (J Public Adm Res Theory, 30:465–484, 2019), this paper uses upper echelons theory (Hambrick and Mason in Acad Manage Rev, 9(2):193–206, 1984; Hambrick in Acad Manage Rev, 32(2):334–343, 2007) to conceptually link CFO characteristics with opportunistic accounting choice. The accounting issue addressed herein is related to a statement issued by the standard-setting body within the Swedish municipal sector. Our results suggest that opportunistic accounting choice decreases with CFO tenure and prior CFO experience in municipalities.
Linking actual self-congruence, ideal self-congruence, and functional congruence to donor loyalty: the moderating role of issue involvement
Authors: Zogaj Adnan , Tscheulin Dieter K. , Lindenmeier Jörg , Olk Stephan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNonprofit organizations need loyal donors to accomplish their mission and goals. However, organizations lose up to 60% of their first-time donors. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the determinants of donor loyalty is necessary. This study tests whether actual self-congruence, ideal self-congruence, and functional congruence strengthen the tie between nonprofit organizations and donors. In addition, and as an extension of the self-congruence theory, issue involvement is added as a moderator variable. The study results show that ideal self-congruence and functional congruence have a positive effect on donor loyalty, while actual self-congruence does not affect donor loyalty. Moreover, the study results show that issue involvement strengthens (mitigates) the effect of actual self-congruence (ideal self-congruence) on donor loyalty. Regarding the relationship between functional congruence and donor loyalty, issue involvement has no moderating effect. Based on the empirical findings, this study discusses academic implications and presents managerial implications for fundraisers and nonprofit organizations.
Adherence to Vitamin Supplementation Recommendations in Youth Who Have Undergone Bariatric Surgery as Teenagers: a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Brorsson Anna Lena , Nordin Karin , Ekbom Kerstin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Adherence to vitamin supplementation recommendations after bariatric surgery is generally poor, which is associated with nutritional deficiencies. Patients’ own perspectives and reasons for poor adherence to vitamin supplementation recommendations have not yet been studied in depth. The purpose of this study was first to measure the accuracy of self-reported adherence to supplementation recommendations by using objective measures of vitamin D levels in blood and thereafter to explore perceptions of barriers and facilitators to participants’ adherence to supplementation recommendations.

Material and Method
Participants were recruited from a prospective study investigating the outcome of bariatric surgery in adolescents with severe obesity. Mixed methods were used, including a quantitative part where vitamin D levels were analysed through 25(OH)D levels in blood and/or a questionnaire on adherence to supplementation programmes 5 years after surgery (n = 40) plus a qualitative part with semi-structured interviews (n = 20).

Results
We found a convergence between self-reported adherence to vitamin supplementation and vitamin D 25(OH)D levels in blood indicating honestly in self-reported responses. The qualitative evaluations resulted in the categories awareness and personal capability and external factors. In the analysis, an overall theme emerged; capacity is crucial for adherence in youth who have undergone bariatric surgery.

Conclusion
Bariatric surgery is a comprehensive procedure that requires lifelong treatment afterwards. There is coherence between what adolescents actually do and what they say they do. Capacity is crucial for adherence and social support has been shown to be important.
Bariatric Surgery for Monogenic Non-syndromic and Syndromic Obesity Disorders
Authors: Vos Niels , Oussaada Sabrina M. , Cooiman Mellody I. , Kleinendorst Lotte , ter Horst Kasper W. , Hazebroek Eric J. , Romijn Johannes A. , Serlie Mireille J. , Mannens Marcel M. A. M. , van Haelst Mieke M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The global prevalence of obesity has increased rapidly over the last decades, posing a severe threat to human health. Currently, bariatric surgery is the most effective therapy for patients with morbid obesity. It is unknown whether this treatment is also suitable for patients with obesity due to a confirmed genetic defect (genetic obesity disorders). Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the role of bariatric surgery in the treatment of genetic obesity.

Recent Findings
In monogenic non-syndromic obesity, an underlying genetic defect seems to be the most important factor determining the efficacy of bariatric surgery. In syndromic obesity, bariatric surgery result data are scarce, and even though some promising follow-up results have been reported, caution is required as patients with more severe behavioral and developmental disorders might have poorer outcomes.

Summary
There is limited evidence in support of bariatric surgery as a treatment option for genetic obesity disorders; hence, no strong statements can be made regarding the efficacy and safety of these procedures for these patients. However, considering that patients with genetic obesity often present with life-threatening obesity-related comorbidities, we believe that bariatric surgery could be considered a last-resort treatment option in selected patients.
Death scene investigation and autopsy proceedings in identifying the victims of the terror attack on the Breitscheidplatz in Berlin 19th December 2016
Authors: Buschmann Claas , Hartwig Sven , Tsokos Michael , Oesterhelweg Lars 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe describe and discuss the forensic mission after the terrorist attack on the Breitscheidplatz in Berlin on 19th December 2016, focusing on co-operation with police authorities, and the injury patterns of the deceased. Even after massive blunt trauma, severe injury patterns are often unrecognizable by visual inspection of the body (“Casper’s sign”), which could instill false security among rescuers or, as happened on the Breitscheidplatz, may lead to distress or even trauma in rescue personnel when obviously primarily uninjured patients die suddenly.
Biodiversity of Trichoderma from grassland and forest ecosystems in Northern Xinjiang, China
Authors: Ma Jing , Tsegaye Estifanos , Li Mei , Wu Beilei , Jiang Xiliang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTrichoderma spp., a cosmopolitan fungal genus, has remarkable economic value in industry and agriculture. The resources of Trichoderma spp. in the grassland and forest ecosystems of northern Xinjiang were explored in this study. A total of 634 soil samples was collected, and 312 strains assigned to 23 species of Trichoderma spp. were identified. T. harzianum was the dominant species with 28.2% from all isolates. The principal components analysis indicated that ecosystem was the most dominant impact factor among longitude, latitude, altitude and ecosystems for the species diversities of Trichoderma spp. with the decreasing trend from the north to the south of northern Xinjiang (e.g., from Altay, followed by Yili, Changji, Bayingolin and finally Urumqi). Overall, Trichoderma spp. were more frequently encountered in forest ecosystems (coniferous forest and coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest) than in grassland ecosystems (desert steppe and temperate steppe). Frequency of Trichoderma spp. was significantly decreased along with increased altitude and only a few strains were isolated from altitudes above 3000 m. The results provided essential information on Trichoderma occurrence and distribution, which should benefit the application of Trichoderma in agriculture.
Efficacy of novel albendazole salt formulations against secondary cystic echinococcosis in experimentally infected mice
Authors: Vural G. , Yardimci M. , Kocak M. , Yasar T. Ö. , Kurt A. , Harem I. S. , Carradori S. , Sciamanna I. , Siles-Lucas M. , Fabiani M. , Hemphill A. , Lundström-Stadelmann B. , Cirilli R. , Casulli A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the efficacy, expressed as a mean weight decrease of the whole echinococcal cyst mass, of novel benzimidazole salt formulations in a murineEchinococcus granulosusinfection model. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally infected with protoscoleces ofE. granulosus(genotype G1). At 9 months post-infection, treatment with albendazole (ABZ), ricobendazole (RBZ) salt formulations, and RBZ enantiomer salts (R)-(+)-RBZ-Na and (S)-(−)-RBZ-Na formulations were initiated. Drugs were orally applied by gavage at 10 mg kg−1body weight per day during 30 days. Experimental treatments with benzimidazole sodium salts resulted in a significant reduction of the weight of cysts compared to conventional ABZ treatment, except for the (S)-(−)-RBZ-Na enantiomer formulation. Scanning electron microscopy and histological inspection revealed that treatments impacted not only the structural integrity of the parasite tissue in the germinal layer, but also induced alterations in the laminated layer. Overall, these results demonstrate the improved efficacy of benzimidazole salt formulations compared to conventional ABZ treatment in experimental murine cystic echinococcosis.
Morphological Alterations of CAD Cells Overexpressing AKT1
Authors: Wachira James 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCAD cells are neuronal cells used in studies of cell differentiation and in cellular models of neuropathology. When cultured in differentiation medium, CAD cells exhibit characteristics of mature neurons including the generation of action potential. In addition to being a central signaling kinase in cell survival, AKT1 plays important roles in the nervous system including neuroplasticity and this study examined the localization of exogenous AKT1 in CAD cells. Neuropeptides modulate many signal transduction pathways and melacortins are implicated in regulating growth factor signal transduction pathways, including the PI3K/AKT pathway. AKT1-DsReD was transfected into CAD cells that were stably expressing melanocortin 3-receptor-GFP (MC3R-GFP), a G-protein coupled receptor. The cells were imaged with confocal microscopy to determine the fluorescent protein localization patterns. AKT1-DsRed was predominantly localized in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Further, expression of exogenous AKT1 in these cell lines led to morphological changes reminiscent of apoptosis. As expected, MC3R-GFP localized to the plasma membrane but it internalized upon cell stimulation with the cognate ligand. In limited areas of the plasma membrane, AKT1-DsRed and MC3R-GFP were colocalized. In conclusion, quantitative studies to understand the role of relative levels of AKT1 in determining cell survival are needed.
The development of a nomogram to determine the frequency of elevated risk for non-medical opioid use in cancer patients
Authors: Yennurajalingam Sriram , Edwards Tonya , Arthur Joseph , Lu Zhanni , Erdogan Elif , Malik Jimi S. , Naqvi Syed Mujtaba Ali , Wu Jimin , Liu Diane D. , Williams Janet L. , Hui David , Reddy Suresh K. , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveNon-medical opioid use (NMOU) is a growing crisis. Cancer patients at elevated risk of NMOU (+risk) are frequently underdiagnosed. The aim of this paper was to develop a nomogram to predict the probability of +risk among cancer patients receiving outpatient supportive care consultation at a comprehensive cancer center.Method3,588 consecutive patients referred to a supportive care clinic were reviewed. All patients had a diagnosis of cancer and were on opioids for pain. All patients were assessed using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS), Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain (SOAPP-14), and CAGE-AID (Cut Down-Annoyed-Guilty-Eye Opener) questionnaires. “+risk” was defined as an SOAPP-14 score of ≥7. A nomogram was devised based on the risk factors determined by the multivariate logistic regression model to estimate the probability of +risk.Results731/3,588 consults were +risk. +risk was significantly associated with gender, race, marital status, smoking status, depression, anxiety, financial distress, MEDD (morphine equivalent daily dose), and CAGE-AID score. TheC-index was 0.8. A nomogram was developed and can be accessed athttps://is.gd/soappnomogram. For example, for a male Hispanic patient, married, never smoked, with ESAS scores for depression = 3, anxiety = 3, financial distress = 7, a CAGE score of 0, and an MEDD score of 20, the total score is 9 + 9+0 + 0+6 + 10 + 23 + 0+1 = 58. A nomogram score of 58 indicates the probability of +risk of 0.1.Significance of resultsWe established a practical nomogram to assess the +risk. The application of a nomogram based on routinely collected clinical data can help clinicians establish patients with +risk and positively impact care planning.