bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Readiness Of The Stakeholders In The Implementation Of Low Carbon Cities Framework (Lccf) In An Urban Area: Methodology Of Research
Authors: Juhari Siti Kartina , Omar Dasimah Binti , Hoon Leh Oliver Ling , Kamarudin Siti Mazwin , Marzukhi Marlyana Azzyati 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In the awareness of global climate challenges, Malaysian local authorities are inspired to apply Low Carbon City Framework (LCCF) to mitigate the carbon emission at city, project and regional scale. Effective implementation measure is believed will enable the private sector to emulate the LCCF implementation at a given scale. However, within the boundary of intense industrialization 4.0, it is observed that the LCCF implementation measures in local authorities are moving slowly. LCCF Checklist is readied, however, its effectiveness is unknown. The aim of this paper is to seek the readiness of local authorities and related stakeholders in implementing the LCCF. The methodology of this research is a mixed method namely qualitative and quantitative approaches. The survey methods are by interview, questionnaire and observation. Town planners, who will be interviewed, are the subject matter expert in managing the planning permission submission for the development control of their areas. Descriptive statistical analysis will be used to show the willingness of the stakeholders namely the developers and planning consultants in implementing the LCCF. Cross-tabulation and correlations tests will be used to improve the understanding of the willingness of the stakeholders. The contribution of this research will gauge the readiness of the major construction industry stakeholder in applying the LCCF at a major local authority in Malaysia. It is also may reflect a large portion perception of industry on the LCCF implementation and its readiness at local authorities’ level. This research is anticipated to be a very useful tool through the LCCF Checklist to assist local authority in achieves sustainable development and environment.
Prevalence and associations of orofacial pain and oral health factors in nursing home residents with and without dementia
Authors: van de Rijt Liza Jm , Feast Alexandra R , Vickerstaff Victoria , Lobbezoo Frank , Sampson Elizabeth L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
determine and compare the prevalence of orofacial pain in older nursing home residents with and without dementia and explore the association between orofacial pain and health factors.

Methods
cross-sectional study conducted in four UK nursing homes. We used the Orofacial-Pain Scale for Non-Verbal Individuals (OPS-NVI) to identify orofacial pain in residents with dementia. Residents who were able to communicate self-reported orofacial pain. A brief oral examination was conducted. Information on demographics, Clinical Dementia Rating, Charlson Comorbidity Index, Cohen Mansfield Agitation Inventory, Barthel Index, 5-level Euroqol 5 Dimension, Oral Health Impact Profile 14, Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form and medication was collected. Chi-squared tests, independent sample t-tests and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare outcomes between groups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of orofacial pain.

Results
orofacial pain, assessed with the OPS-NVI, was present in 48.8% (95% confidence interval [C.I.] 36.1–50.7) of residents with dementia. Self-reported orofacial pain was present in 37.8% (95% C.I. 20.4–53.7) of residents with dementia and in 14.8% (95% C.I. 0.5–30.4) residents without dementia. Orofacial pain was significantly more prevalent in residents with dementia than those without (OPS-NVI; P = 0.002, self-report; P = 0.04). Having a soft diet, xerostomia, being dentate, and poor oral hygiene in dentate residents were significant predictors of orofacial pain in residents with dementia.

Conclusion
orofacial pain was more prevalent in residents with dementia. Oral health care should be part of routine care for residents, especially for those with dementia, to improve oral health and decrease the risk of developing orofacial pain.
Perspectives on Public Sector Outsourcing: Quasi-markets and Prices
Authors: Jordahl Henrik 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPublic sector outsourcing, in the form of private production of tax-financed services, is on the increase with economic and social consequences for consumers, taxpayers, and employees. The development has given rise to so-called quasi-markets with choice and competition between public, for-profit, and non-profit providers. By introducing the main characteristics of quasi-markets with a focus on prices, this article provides background perspectives. It sets the stage for the other six articles on public sector outsourcing in this special issue of the journal. (JEL codes: D23, H11, H44, L33).
Incidence and Persistence of High-risk Anogenital Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Female Youth With and Without Perinatally Acquired Human Immunodefiency Virus Infection: A 3-year Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Phanuphak Nittaya , Teeraananchai Sirinya , Hansudewechakul Rawiwan , Gatechompol Sivaporn , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya , Dang Hanh Le Dung , Tran Dan Ngoc Hanh , Achalapong Jullapong , Teeratakulpisarn Nipat , Chalermchockcharoenkit Amphan , Thamkhantho Manopchai , Pankam Tippawan , Singtoroj Thida , Termrungruanglert Wichai , Chaithongwongwatthana Surasith , Kerr Stephen J , Sohn Annette H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Female youth with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (PHIV) may be at higher risk than uninfected youth for persistent anogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, due to prolonged immunodeficiency.

Methods
A 3-year cohort study was conducted between 2013 and 2017 among Thai and Vietnamese PHIV and HIV-uninfected females 12–24 years, matched by age group and number of lifetime sexual partners. For HPV genotyping, cervical and anal samples were obtained at baseline and annually. Vaginal samples were collected at baseline and every 6 months. Factors associated with high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) persistence and incidence were assessed.

Results
We enrolled 93 PHIV and 99 HIV-uninfected females. Median age was 19 (interquartile range [IQR] 18–20) years. For the 7 HR-HPV types (16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58) in the nonavalent HPV vaccine, PHIV had significantly higher incidence (P = .03) and persistence (P = .01) than HIV-uninfected youth over a 3-year period. Having HIV (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–3.9) and ever using illegal substances (aHR 4.8, 95% CI 1.8–13.0) were associated with incident 7 HR-HPV infections. HIV-positive status (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 2.2, 95% CI 1.5–3.2), recent alcohol use (aPR 1.75, 95% CI 1.2–2.5), and higher number of lifetime partners (aPR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4–3.1, for 3–5 partners; aPR 1.93, 95% CI 1.2–3.2, for ≥6 partners) were significantly associated with persistent 7 HR-HPV infections.

Conclusions
Female PHIV were at higher risk of having anogenital HR-HPV acquisition and persistence. Primary and secondary prevention programs for HPV infection and HPV-related diseases should be prioritized for PHIV children and youth.
Clostridioides difficile Infection in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Chandrakumar Abin , Zohni Hussein , El-Matary Wael 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The study’s objective was to investigate the incidence and risk factors associated with Clostridioides difficile (previously known as Clostridium) infection (CDI) in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the province of Manitoba.

Methods
Our longitudinal population-based cohort was comprised of all children and young adults aged &lt;17 years diagnosed with IBD in the Canadian province of Manitoba between 2011 and 2019. The diagnosis of CDI was confirmed based on the Triage C. difficile immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction assay to detect the presence of toxigenic C. difficile. The Fisher exact test was used to examine the relationship between categorical variables. A Cox regression model was used to estimate the risk of CDI development in IBD patients.

Results
Among 261 children with IBD, 20 (7.7%) developed CDI with an incidence rate of 5.04 cases per 1000 person-years, and the median age at diagnosis (interquartile range) was 12.96 (9.33–15.81) years. The incidence rates of CDI among UC and CD patients were 4.16 cases per 1000 person-years and 5.88 cases per 1000 person-years, respectively (P = 0.46). Compared with children without CDI, those who had CDI were at increased risk of future exposure to systemic corticosteroids (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 4.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46–13.10) and anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) biologics (aHR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.11–9.90). The recurrence rate of CDI in our pediatric IBD population was 25%.

Conclusions
Our findings confirm that children with IBD are at high risk of developing CDI, which may predict future escalation of IBD therapy.
Potential Use of Trichogramma pintoi as a Biocontrol Agent Against Heortia vitessoides (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Yan Zhen , Yue Jian-Jun , Yang Chun-Yong 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Heortia vitessoides Moore is the most serious insect defoliator of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg, an endangered and economically important plant that produces highly prized agarwood. Samples from recently identified indigenous natural populations of Trichogramma pintoi Voegele were collected from H. vitessoides eggs in A. sinensis forests in Yunnan Province, China. To assess the potential capacity of this parasitoid for use as a biological control agent, its functional response, female reproductive potential, and male insemination capacity were investigated in this study. Females successfully parasitized 1- to 4-d-old eggs of H. vitessoides but failed to parasitize 5- to 8-d-old eggs. The parasitoid exhibited a Holling type II functional response, and the estimated maximum numbers of 1- to 4-d-old H. vitessoides eggs parasitized by a single T. pintoi female were 38.1, 29.8, 26.0, and 22.2 eggs over a 24-h period, respectively. Additionally, the parasitoid’s average lifetime fecundity was 89.8 ± 2.5 eggs, of which 66.26% were laid within the first 2 d. The average number of total females that mated with a male in his lifetime (4.70 ± 0.13 d) was 10.4, and the average number of total daughters of a male was 292.1. On day 1 of male adult life, the greatest number of females were inseminated by males, and the most daughters were produced; however, the number of copulations and insemination ability decreased rapidly with male age. These results suggest that T. pintoi is a promising candidate for inundative release against H. vitessoides in China, and these findings will guide efforts in achieving mass production of this parasitoid.
Epitranscriptomic profiling in human placenta: N6‐methyladenosine modification at the 5′‐untranslated region is related to fetal growth and preeclampsia
Authors: Taniguchi Kosuke , Kawai Tomoko , Kitawaki Jo , Tomikawa Junko , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Okamura Kohji , Sago Haruhiko , Hata Kenichiro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntracellular mRNA levels are not always proportional to their respective protein levels, especially in the placenta. This discrepancy may be attributed to various factors including post‐transcriptional regulation, such as mRNA methylation (N6‐methyladenosine: m6A). Here, we conducted a comprehensive m6A analysis of human placental tissue from neonates with various birth weights to clarify the involvement of m6A in placental biology. The augmented m6A levels at the 5′‐untranslated region (UTR) in mRNAs of small‐for‐date placenta samples were dominant compared to reduction of m6A levels, whereas a decrease in m6A in the vicinity of stop codons was common in heavy‐for‐date placenta samples. Notably, most of these genes showed similar expression levels between the different birth weight categories. In particular, preeclampsia placenta samples showed consistently upregulated SMPD1 protein levels and increased m6A at 5′‐UTR but did not show increased mRNA levels. Mutagenesis of adenosines at 5′‐UTR of SMPD1 mRNAs actually decreased protein levels in luciferase assay. Collectively, our findings suggest that m6A both at the 5′‐UTR and in the vicinity of stop codon in placental mRNA may play important roles in fetal growth and disease.
ROCK2 inhibition enhances the thermogenic program in white and brown fat tissue in mice
Authors: Wei Lei , Surma Michelle , Yang Yang , Tersey Sarah , Shi Jianjian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe RhoA/ROCK‐mediated actin cytoskeleton dynamics have been implicated in adipogenesis. The two ROCK isoforms, ROCK1 and ROCK2, are highly homologous. The contribution of ROCK2 to adipogenesis in vivo has not been elucidated. The present study aimed at the in vivo and in vitro roles of ROCK2 in the regulation of adipogenesis and the development of obesity. We performed molecular, histological, and metabolic analyses in ROCK2+/− and ROCK2+/KD mouse models, the latter harboring an allele with a kinase‐dead (KD) mutation. Both ROCK2+/− and ROCK2+/KD mouse models showed a lean body mass phenotype during aging, associated with increased amounts of beige cells in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) and increased thermogenic gene expression in all fat depots. ROCK2+/− mice on a high‐fat diet showed increased energy expenditure accompanying by reduced obesity, and improved insulin sensitivity. In vitro differentiated ROCK2+/− stromal‐vascular (SV) cells revealed increased beige adipogenesis associated with increased thermogenic gene expressions. Treatment with a selective ROCK2 inhibitor, KD025, to inhibit ROCK2 activity in differentiated SV cells reproduced the pro‐beige phenotype of ROCK2+/− SV cells. In conclusion, ROCK2 activity‐mediated actin cytoskeleton dynamics contribute to the inhibition of beige adipogenesis in WAT, and also promotes age‐related and diet‐induced fat mass gain and insulin resistance.
Species‐specific consequences of an E40K missense mutation in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)
Authors: Draper Alexandra C. E. , Wilson Zoe , Maile Charlotte , Faccenda Danilo , Campanella Michelangelo , Piercy Richard J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA glutamic acid to lysine (E40K) residue substitution in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is associated with canine degenerative myelopathy: the only naturally occurring large animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The E40 residue is highly conserved across mammals, except the horse, which naturally carries the (dog mutant) K40 residue. Here we hypothesized that in vitro expression of mutant dog SOD1 would recapitulate features of human ALS (ie, SOD1 protein aggregation, reduced cell viability, perturbations in mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential, reduced ATP production, and increased superoxide ion levels); further, we hypothesized that an equivalent equine SOD1 variant would share similar perturbations in vitro, thereby explain horses’ susceptibility to certain neurodegenerative diseases. As in human ALS, expression of mutant dog SOD1 was associated with statistically significant increased aggregate formation, raised superoxide levels (ROS), and altered mitochondrial morphology (increased branching (form factor)), when compared to wild‐type dog SOD1‐expressing cells. Similar deficits were not detected in cells expressing the equivalent horse SOD1 variant. Our data helps explain the ALS‐associated cellular phenotype of dogs expressing the mutant SOD1 protein and reveals that species‐specific sequence conservation does not necessarily predict pathogenicity. The work improves understanding of the etiopathogenesis of canine degenerative myelopathy.
Management of Postpartum Haemorrhage: From Research into Practice, a Narrative Review of the Literature and the Cardiff Experience
Authors: Collins P.W. , Bell S.F. , de Lloyd L. , Collis R.E. 
Published: November 2019

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2019;37:106–117)
The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) continues to rise in many countries. Worldwide, PPH remains the most common cause of maternal death. Although most postpartum bleeding results from obstetric complications, the presence of hemostatic impairment can result in more excessive blood loss. The goal of this review was to summarize the evidence regarding coagulation profiles in women with PPH, describe how algorithms used in conjunction with point-of-care (POC) testing can provide timely information to assist clinicians with appropriate transfusion strategies during PPH, and describe how protocols developed for research studies could also have a positive impact on all patients with PPH.
Obstetric Anesthesia Management of the Patient With Cardiac Disease
Authors: Arendt K.W. , Lindley K.J. 
Published: November 2019

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2019;37:73–85)
Cardiovascular disease is now the leading cause of maternal mortality in much of the developed world. This has occurred for a variety of reasons, including the increasing frequency of cardiovascular risk factors among women of childbearing age and the improved treatment for congenital heart disease that allows most of these patients to reach adulthood. The level of care required to address the needs of parturients with cardiovascular conditions requires a coordinated effort among experts in cardiology, obstetrics, perinatology, neonatology, and anesthesiology.
Safety of Spinal Anesthesia in Thrombocytopenic Patients: Are There Lessons to be Learnt From Oncology?
Authors: Ho A.M. , Mizubuti G.B. , Ho A.K. 
Published: November 2019

(Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2019;44(1):29–31)
Lumbar puncture (LP) is commonly performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in patients with leukemia and lymphoma, who often develop thrombocytopenia. Oncologists are typically cautious to expose patients to unnecessary blood products for fear of alloimmunization, and therefore will perform LP at thrombocytopenic levels beyond that which anesthesiologists would deem acceptable for neuraxial procedures. There may be lessons anesthesiologists can learn from oncologists regarding spinal anesthesia in thrombocytopenic patients and the lowest platelet count at which regional blocks can be “safely” performed.
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy: Pathophysiology, Anesthetic Implications, and Obstetrical Management
Authors: Naoum E.E. , Leffert L.R. , Chitilian H.V. , Gray K.J. , Bateman B.T. 
Published: November 2019

(Anesthesiology. 2019;130:446–461)
As health care providers become more aware of acute fatty liver of pregnancy, more mild cases have been diagnosed and diagnosis is occurring earlier. Anesthesiologists must understand the pathophysiology and the obstetric impact to properly manage this condition.
Interventions to Prevent Perinatal Depression Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: O’Connor E. , Senger C.A. , Henninger M.L. , Coppola E. , Gaynes B.N. 
Published: November 2019

(JAMA. 2019;321(6):588–601)
Perinatal depression is defined as a major or minor depressive episode during pregnancy or up to 1 year after childbirth, and is estimated to affect >180,000 new mothers annually in the United States. There are numerous risk factors that indicate a higher likelihood of developing perinatal depression after childbirth, but there is no standard practice in place for care providers for perinatal depression prevention. This systematic review study aimed to examine various perinatal depression interventions to develop a new US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation.
Role of Maternal Age and Pregnancy History in Risk of Miscarriage: Prospective Register-based Study
Authors: Magnus M.C. , Wilcox A.J. , Morken N.H. , Weinberg C.R. , Håberg S.E. 
Published: November 2019

(BMJ. 2019;364:I869)
Miscarriage is unfortunately a relatively common pregnancy outcome. Various studies have reported that 12% to 15% of pregnancies end in miscarriage. However, these rates may not be accurate as some women experience miscarriage without ever realizing they were pregnant and differences exist among studies regarding the definition of miscarriage versus stillbirth. Several risk factors for miscarriage have been reported, but maternal age seems to have the strongest association. The youngest mothers have a slightly increased risk while older women have a much greater risk than younger women. There might also be an association between previous pregnancy complications and miscarriage risk. This population-based study aimed to evaluate the rate of miscarriage and its association with maternal age and pregnancy history among Norwegian women.
An Overview of Advances in Global Maternal Health: From Broad to Specific Improvements
Authors: Khorrami N. , Stone J. , Small M.J. , Stringer E.M. , Ahmadzia H.K. 
Published: November 2019

(Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019;146(1):126–131)
Over the past 3 decades, many advances have been made in the field of maternal health. This work intends to highlight 10 of the landmark health system, clinical, and technology-based advancements that have occurred over this time frame.
Cost-effectiveness of Opportunistic Salpingectomy vs Tubal Ligation at the Time of Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Venkatesh K.K. , Clark L.H. , Stamilio D.M. 
Published: November 2019

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;220:106.e1–106.e10)
More than 100,000 women in the United States undergo bilateral tubal ligation during cesarean delivery surgery each year. Because of its association with decreased ovarian cancer risk, opportunistic salpingectomy is becoming a more common procedure. There is a lack of evidence, however, regarding the risk-benefit tradeoff for salpingectomy with cesarean delivery. Salpingectomy has been reported to have lower completion rates compared with tubal ligations (67% vs. 95%) but the sample size in this trial was small. This study aimed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of salpingectomy compared with tubal ligation for sterilization and ovarian cancer prevention in women undergoing cesarean delivery and seeking permanent sterilization.
Progesterone for Threatened Abortion (a Commentary on a Randomized Trial of Progesterone in Women With Bleeding in Early Pregnancy
Authors: Greene M.F. 
Published: November 2019

(N Engl J Med. 2019;380(19):1867–1868)
Threatened abortion is a condition in which a pregnant woman experiences bleeding through the vagina and closed cervix before a fetus has reached a viable gestational age. Although most women who experience bleeding early in their pregnancies do not experience miscarriage, there remains a justifiable interest in determining treatments to improve the chances of a healthy live-born baby from such a high-risk pregnancy. The original study was to determine whether the widely accepted hormonal treatment method of progesterone effectively produces the desired live births.
Effect of Maternal Oxygen Inhalation on Fetal Free Radical Activity: A Prospective, Randomized Trial
Authors: Ahuja V. , Gombar S. , Jaswal S. , Kaur J. , Gupta P. , Chawla D. , Huria A. , Singh S. 
Published: November 2019

(Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2018;62(1):26–37)
There is no clear uniformity in the practice of oxygen supplementation during a cesarean section (CS). It is recommended that oxygen be administered during these operations, but the percentage of oxygen supplied can cause harmful effects. Although 35% to 40% oxygen concentration has no measurable effect, 60% to 100% oxygen concentration results in an elevated level of free radical activity. In this study, the investigators aimed to examine the effects and benefits of 50% maternal oxygen concentration on fetal oxygenation, oxidant stress, and total antioxidant status (TAS).