bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interrogating Whiteness in Community Research and Action
Authors: Coleman Brett Russell , Collins Charles R. , Bonam Courtney M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCommunity psychology is expressly concerned with social justice. Such concern necessitates attention to race. Yet, nearly absent from the field’s literature is explicit and critical attention to whiteness. Thus, community psychology’s contribution to promoting social justice remains incomplete. In this article, we examine how a critical construction of whiteness can be useful for community research and action. After a brief history of the construction of whiteness in the United States, and a summary of key insights from critical whiteness studies, we present a scoping review of the nascent body of community psychology literature that addresses whiteness. That work implicates whiteness in the emergence of the field itself, frames whiteness as social location, problematizes whiteness, addresses White supremacy and institutional racism, interrogates White privilege, and employs whiteness as a theoretical standpoint. We conclude with three propositions for scholars to broker the relationship between community psychology and critical whiteness studies: (a) community psychology should become more critically conscious of whiteness, (b) community psychologists should promote critical awareness of the ways that whiteness operates as a complex system, and (c) greater critical awareness of whiteness should be applied to the development of multilevel interventions aimed at dismantling whiteness as a system of domination.
Interventions to promote hotel workers' health: A scoping review
Authors: Adams Mackenzie , Li Wei V. , Saylor Kate , Rosemberg Marie‐Anne S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe hospitality industry employs millions of workers and is a key contributor to the US economy. Despite being essential drivers in the industry's success, hotel workers, particularly hotel housekeepers, are exposed to occupational hazards and experience disproportionate rates of injuries and chronic health conditions. Thus there is a significant need for health promotion efforts directed toward these workers. However, little is known about existing interventions targeting their health.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review to identify and appraise workplace health promotion interventions targeting hotel employees. We performed a scoping review following the framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley (2005). Our literature search process was recorded using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. Basic study information was compiled into a matrix table. Study quality was assessed using the template for intervention description and replication.ResultsEight unique interventions were identified, occurring at over 30 hotels with participants ranging between 16 and 1207 employees. Though many of the reported health outcomes were not statistically significant, studies reported results with clinical implications, including decreased numbers of injury claims, reduced anxiety, improvements in cardiovascular disease risk indicators, such as body mass index, and increased knowledge among participants.ConclusionsThis is the first review to interrogate the literature on existing workplace interventions targeting the health of hotel workers. While some studies found significant improvements in health outcomes, few conducted rigorous program evaluation. The results highlight the need for more and effective interventions targeting these at‐risk workers.
Induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming‐associated methylation at the GABRA2 promoter and chr4p12 GABAA subunit gene expression in the context of alcohol use disorder
Authors: Goetjen Alexandra , Watson Maegan , Lieberman Richard , Clinton Kaitlin , Kranzler Henry R. , Covault Jonathan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTwin studies indicate that there is a significant genetic contribution to the risk of developing alcohol use disorder (AUD). With the exception of coding variants in ADH1B and ALDH2, little is known about the molecular effects of AUD‐associated loci. We previously reported that the AUD‐associated synonymous polymorphism rs279858 within the GABAA α2 receptor subunit gene, GABRA2, was associated with gene expression of the chr4p12 GABAA subunit gene cluster in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived neural cultures. Based on this and other studies that showed changes in GABRA2 DNA methylation associated with schizophrenia and aging, we examined methylation in GABRA2. Specifically, using 69 iPSC lines and neural cultures derived from 47 of them, we examined whether GABRA2 rs279858 genotype predicted methylation levels and whether methylation was related to GABAA receptor subunit gene expression. We found that the GABRA2 CpG island undergoes random stochastic methylation during reprogramming and that methylation is associated with decreased GABRA2 gene expression, an effect that extends to the GABRB1 gene over 600 kb distal to GABRA2. Further, we identified additive effects of GABRA2 CpG methylation and GABRA2 rs279858 genotype on expression of the GABRB1 subunit gene in iPSC‐derived neural cultures.
Desperately seeking stress: A pilot study of cortisol in archaeological tooth structures
Authors: Quade Leslie , Chazot Paul L. , Gowland Rebecca 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesCortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone produced through activation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis. It is known as the “stress hormone” for its primary role in the body's stress response and has been the focus of much modern clinical research. Within archaeology, only a few studies have analyzed cortisol in human remains and these have been restricted to hair (Webb et al., 2010; Webb, White, van Uum, & Longstaffe, 2015a; Webb, White, van Uum, & Longstaffe, 2015b). This study examines the utility of dentine and enamel, which survive well archaeologically, as possible reservoirs for detectable levels of cortisol.Materials and methodsThen, 69 teeth from 65 individuals from five Roman and Post‐Roman sites in France were tested via competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess and quantify the cortisol concentrations present within tooth dentine and enamel.ResultsIn both tooth dentine and enamel, detectable concentrations of cortisol were identified in multiple teeth. However, concentrations were low and not all teeth yielded results that were measurable through cortisol ELISA. Differences in cortisol values between dentine and enamel could suggest different uptake mechanisms or timing.DiscussionThese results suggest that cortisol is incorporated within tooth structures and merits further investigation in both modern and archaeological contexts. Analysis of the results through liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometry would verify current results and might yield values that could be better integrated with published cortisol studies. Future studies of cortisol in tooth structures would greatly expand the research potential of cortisol in the past and could have implications for studies of human stress across deep time.
Die ersten zwei Bismutborosulfate – eines davon enthält Oxonium und ein tektosilicatanaloges Anion
Authors: Hämmer Matthias , Bayarjargal Lkhamsuren , Höppe Henning A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDas erste Bismutborosulfat (H3O)Bi[B(SO4)2]4 ist erst das zweite mit einem dreidimensional kondensierten Anion, aber das erste tektosilicatanaloge Borosulfat, das ohne Vorläuferverbindung solvothermal aus Bi(NO3)3⋅5 H2O und B(OH)3 in Oleum synthetisiert wurde; ferner ist es das erste, das zwei unterschiedlich geladene Kationen enthält. Es kristallisiert in einem neuen Strukturtyp in der Raumgruppe I
(Nr. 82) (a=11.857(1), c=8.149(1) Å, 1947 Refl., 111 Param., wR2=0.037). Die nicht‐zentrosymmetrische Raumgruppe konnte durch die Messung der Frequenzverdopplung bestätigt werden. Die B(SO4)4‐Supertetraeder sind über alle vier Sulfattetraeder miteinander kondensiert, was zu einem dreidimensional vernetzten Anion führt, wobei H3O+ und Bi3+ in unterschiedlich großen Kanälen vorliegen. Außerdem konnte die Kristallstruktur eines weiteren Bismutborosulfats, Bi2[B2(SO4)6], aufgeklärt werden. Es kristallisiert isotyp zu den Seltenerdborosulfaten R2[B2(SO4)6] in der Raumgruppe C2/c (Nr. 15) (a=13.568(2), b=11.490(2), c=11.106(2) Å, 3127 Refl., 155 Param., wR2=0.035). Zudem werden die optischen und thermischen Eigenschaften der beiden Verbindungen diskutiert.
Photoinduced Hydroarylation and Cyclization of Alkenes with Luminescent Platinum(II) Complexes
Authors: Cheng Hanchao , Lam Tsz‐Lung , Liu Yungen , Tang Zhou , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhotoinduced hydroarylation of alkenes is an appealing synthetic strategy for arene functionalization. Herein, we demonstrated that aryl radicals generated from electron‐deficient aryl chlorides/bromides could be trapped by an array of terminal/internal aryl alkenes in the presence of [Pt(O^N^C^N)] under visible‐light (410 nm) irradiation, affording anti‐Markovnikov hydroarylated compounds in up to 95 % yield. Besides, a protocol for [Pt(O^N^C^N)]‐catalyzed intramolecular photocyclization of acrylanilides to give structurally diverse 3,4‐dihydroquinolinones has been developed.
Repurposing the 3‐Isocyanobutanoic Acid Adenylation Enzyme SfaB for Versatile Amidation and Thioesterification
Authors: Zhu Mengyi , Wang Lijuan , He Jing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGenome mining of microbial natural products enables chemists not only to discover the bioactive molecules with novel skeletons, but also to identify the enzymes that catalyze diverse chemical reactions. Exploring the substrate promiscuity and catalytic mechanism of those biosynthetic enzymes facilitates the development of potential biocatalysts. SfaB is an acyl adenylate‐forming enzyme that adenylates a unique building block, 3‐isocyanobutanoic acid, in the biosynthetic pathway of the diisonitrile natural product SF2768 produced by Streptomyces thioluteus, and this AMP‐ligase was demonstrated to accept a broad range of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Herein, we repurpose SfaB to catalyze amidation or thioesterification between those SCFAs and various amine or thiol nucleophiles, thereby providing an alternative enzymatic approach to prepare the corresponding amides and thioesters in vitro.
An Extrinsic‐Pore‐Containing Molecular Sieve Film: A Robust, High‐Throughput Membrane Filter
Authors: Hong Sungwon , Jeong Yanghwan , Baik Hionsuck , Choi Nakwon , Yip Alex C. K. , Choi Jungkyu 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMFI type zeolites with 10‐membered‐ring pores (ca. 0.55 nm) have the ability to separate p‐xylene (ca. 0.58 nm) from its bulkier isomers. Here, we introduced non‐zeolitic micropores (ca. 0.6–1.5 nm) and mesopores (ca. 2–7 nm) to a conventional microporous MFI type zeolite membrane, yielding an unprecedented hierarchical membrane structure. The uniform, embedded non‐zeolitic pores decreased defect formation considerably and facilitated molecular transport, resulting in high p‐xylene perm‐selectivity and molar flux. Specifically, compared to a conventional, crack network‐containing MFI membranes of similar thickness (ca. 1 μm), the mesoporous MFI membranes showed almost double p‐xylene permeance (ca. 1.6±0.4×10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1) and a high p‐/o‐xylene separation factor (ca. 53.8±7.3 vs. 3.5±0.5 in the conventional MFI membrane) at 225 °C. The embedded non‐zeolitic pores allowed for decreasing the separation performance degradation, which was apparently related to coke formation.
Ligand Protonation Triggers H2 Release from a Dinickel Dihydride Complex to Give a Doubly “T”‐Shaped Dinickel(I) Metallodiradical
Authors: Duan Peng‐Cheng , Schulz Roland Alexander , Römer Anton , Van Kuiken Benjamin E. , Dechert Sebastian , Demeshko Serhiy , Cutsail George E. , DeBeer Serena , Mata Ricardo A. , Meyer Franc 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe dinickel(II) dihydride complex (1K) of a pyrazolate‐based compartmental ligand with β‐diketiminato (nacnac) chelate arms (L−), providing two pincer‐type {N3} binding pockets, has been reported to readily eliminate H2 and to serve as a masked dinickel(I) species. Discrete dinickel(I) complexes (2Na, 2K) of L− are now synthesized via a direct reduction route. They feature two adjacent T‐shaped metalloradicals that are antiferromagnetically coupled, giving an S=0 ground state. The two singly occupied local
type magnetic orbitals are oriented into the bimetallic cleft, enabling metal–metal cooperative 2 e− substrate reductions as shown by the rapid reaction with H2 or O2. X‐ray crystallography reveals distinctly different positions of the K+ in 1K and 2K, suggesting a stabilizing interaction of K+ with the dihydride unit in 1K. H2 release from 1K is triggered by peripheral γ‐C protonation at the nacnac subunits, which DFT calculations show lowers the barrier for reductive H2 elimination from the bimetallic cleft.
Continuous Flow Sodiation of Substituted Acrylonitriles, Alkenyl Sulfides and Acrylates
Authors: Harenberg Johannes H. , Weidmann Niels , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Knochel Paul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe sodiation of substituted acrylonitriles and alkenyl sulfides in a continuous flow set‐up using NaDA (sodium diisopropylamide) in EtNMe2 or NaTMP (sodium 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidide)⋅TMEDA in n‐hexane provides sodiated acrylonitriles and alkenyl sulfides, which are subsequently trapped in batch with various electrophiles such as aldehydes, ketones, disulfides and allylic bromides affording functionalized acrylonitriles and alkenyl sulfides. This flow‐procedure was successfully extended to other acrylates by using Barbier‐type conditions.
Effects of fungal decay on properties of mechanical, chemical, and water absorption of wood plastic composites
Authors: Feng Jing , Li Sujuan , Peng Ruqun , Sun Tingli , Xie Xiaobao , Shi Qingshan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the associations between wood species and fungal resistance, as well as the effects of fungal decay on the properties of mechanical, chemical, and water absorption of wood polypropylene composites (WPCs) filled with white poplar, moso‐bamboo, Chinese fir, Ramin, white pine, and rubber wood. Experimental results on weight losses and surface morphology both showed that fungal resistance of WPCs varied significantly with wood fiber species. Chinese fir and rubber wood filled composites separately presented the most and least durability against Coriolus versicolor (white rot) and Poria placenta (brown rot). In addition, fungal decay produced great differences in the properties of mechanical, chemical, and water absorptions between non‐decayed and decayed composites. The decayed composites showed lower MOR, tensile strength, and impact strength, as well as higher MOE and water absorptions compared with non‐decayed samples. These findings suggest that fungal decay could bring out dramatic influences on various properties of WPCs.
Ecosystem responses to the eradication of common carp Cyprinus carpio using rotenone from a reservoir in South Africa
Authors: Dalu Tatenda , Bellingan Terence A. , Gouws Jeanne , Impson N. Dean , Jordaan Martine S. , Khosa Dumisani , Marr Sean M. , Mofu Lubabalo , Schumann Mandy , Slabbert Etienne , van der Walt Johannes A. , Wasserman Ryan J. , Weyl Olaf L. F. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

The control of invasive alien fish populations using piscicides to alleviate impacts on native biota is a controversial conservation strategy because the collateral impacts on non‐target taxa are not well documented. This article documents the responses of water quality, plankton and macroinvertebrate communities to an eradication of the globally invasive common carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758, using the piscicide rotenone in a small South African reservoir.
Treated and untreated reservoirs were sampled before and at intervals following rotenone treatment. Sampling endpoints included water quality parameters, plankton, macroinvertebrates and fish. These endpoints were selected to gain an understanding of the ecological impacts of the treatment at various biological levels and to document possible recovery following treatment.
The study showed that: (i) the common carp were successfully removed; (ii) water clarity improved following the removal of fish; (iii) invertebrate communities, including macroinvertebrates and large zooplankton, recovered within 6 months of treatment; and (iv) that small zooplankton (i.e. Rotifera) dynamics were complex but rotifer abundances had returned to pre‐treatment levels within 6 months of treatment.
There was a 56% similarity between the macroinvertebrate assemblages before and 6 months after treatment, showing a substantial turnover in taxa following treatment. The phytoplankton community of the treated reservoir was dominated by blue‐green and green algae prior to the treatment. The blue‐green algal communities were not present 6 months after the treatment, possibly indicating a change in the nutrient status of the reservoir resulting from lower nutrient concentrations in the water column.
The phytoplankton community of the reservoir changed from a community typical of eutrophic waters to a community typical of a lower nutrient state. Within each group, there were species changes, but we suggest these are likely to be part of the altered biological interaction dynamics resulting from fish removals, rather than a direct effect of rotenone.
Molecular Origins of Heteroatom Engineering on the Emission Wavelength Tuning, Quantum Yield Variations and Fluorogenicity of NBD‐like SCOTfluors
Authors: Gao Ying , Wang Chao , Chi Weijie , Liu Xiaogang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMolecular engineering of fluorophore scaffolds, especially heteroatom replacement, is a promising method to yield novel fluorophores with tailored properties for various applications. Yet, molecular origins of the distinct fluorescent properties in newly developed SCOTfluors, i. e., varied emission wavelengths, distinct quantum yields, and fluorogenicity, remain elusive. Such understanding, however, is critical for the rational molecular engineering of high‐performance fluorophores. Herein, we employed quantum chemical calculations to understand the structure‐property relationships of nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD)‐like SCOTfluors. Our findings are important not only for the rational deployment of SCOTfluors, but also for the effective modifications of other fluorophore scaffolds, for satisfying the increasingly diversified requirements of bioimaging and biosensing applications.
Sequential hydrothermal process for production of flavanones and sugars from orange peel: an economic assessment
Authors: Lachos‐Perez Daniel , Buller Luz S. , Sganzerla William G. , Ody Lissara P. , Zabot Giovani L. , Forster‐Carneiro Tânia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAn economic evaluation was conducted of flavanone and sugar production from orange peel (OP) using a sequential hydrothermal process. The process was conducted at laboratory (2 × 5 L), pilot (3 × 10 L), and industrial (3 × 500 L) scales. The results demonstrate that the scale‐up process decreased the cost of manufacturing (COM) with a significant increase in flavanone and sugar production. The lowest COM was of US$ 25.72/kg flavanones and US$ 1.43/kg sugars, both on an industrial scale. The predominant costs at the industrial scale (>90%) were the cost of utilities and the cost of raw materials. A low capital payback time was obtained, which decreased as return on investment and gross margin increased. A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats matrix demonstrates the relevant business topics related to the scale‐up of OP processing. Thus, the current scale‐up project can be considered as a promising approach to the production of flavanones and sugar from OP on an industrial scale. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Probing the Secondary Structure of Individual Aβ40 Amorphous Aggregates and Fibrils by AFM‐IR Spectroscopy
Authors: Herzberg Mikkel , Szunyogh Daniel , Thulstrup Peter W. , Hassenkam Tue , Hemmingsen Lars 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStructural characterization of aggregates and fibrils of the Aβ protein is pivotal to the molecular‐level elucidation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AFM‐IR spectroscopy provides nanoscale resolution, and thus allows the interrogation of individual aggregates and fibrils. During aggregation of Aβ, we observed mainly disordered Aβ at t=15 min, but substantial structural diversity including the co‐existence of parallel and antiparallel β‐sheets within a large amorphous aggregate at t=2 hours, while fibrils exhibited the expected signature of parallel β‐sheets at t=1 week. The resonance observed for parallel β‐sheets at t=2 hours coincides with that observed for fibrils (at 1634 cm−1), thus indicating that fibril‐like species exist within the large aggregates. Therefore, nucleation might occur within such species, in analogy to current theories of protein crystallization in which nucleation occurs within large protein clusters. Cu2+ perturbs Aβ aggregation, catalysing rapid formation of amorphous aggregates with diverse secondary structure, but inhibiting fibril growth.
Assessment of Tractable Cysteines for Covalent Targeting by Screening Covalent Fragments
Authors: Petri László , Ábrányi‐Balogh Péter , Tímea Imre , Pálfy Gyula , Perczel András , Knez Damijan , Hrast Martina , Gobec Martina , Sosič Izidor , Nyíri Kinga , Vértessy Beáta G. , Jänsch Niklas , Desczyk Charlotte , Meyer‐Almes Franz‐Josef , Ogris Iza , Golič Grdadolnik Simona , Iacovino Luca Giacinto , Binda Claudia , Gobec Stanislav , Keserű György M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTargeted covalent inhibition and the use of irreversible chemical probes are important strategies in chemical biology and drug discovery. To date, the availability and reactivity of cysteine residues amenable for covalent targeting have been evaluated by proteomic and computational tools. Herein, we present a toolbox of fragments containing a 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl core that was equipped with chemically diverse electrophilic warheads showing a range of reactivities. We characterized the library members for their reactivity, aqueous stability and specificity for nucleophilic amino acids. By screening this library against a set of enzymes amenable for covalent inhibition, we showed that this approach experimentally characterized the accessibility and reactivity of targeted cysteines. Interesting covalent fragment hits were obtained for all investigated cysteine‐containing enzymes.