bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drought and presence of ants can influence hemiptera in tropical leaf litter
Authors: Goldman Anna E. , Bonebrake Timothy C. , Tsang Toby P. N. , Evans Theodore A. , Gibson Luke , Eggleton Paul , Griffiths Hannah M. , Parr Catherine L. , Ashton Louise A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractClimate change is predicted to impact tropical rain forests, with droughts becoming more frequent and more severe in some regions. We currently have a poor understanding of how increased drought will change the functioning of tropical rain forest. In particular, tropical rain forest invertebrates, which are numerous and biologically important, may respond to drought in different ways across trophic levels. Ants are a diverse group that carry out important ecosystem processes, shaping ecosystem structure and function through predation and competition, which can influence multiple trophic levels. Hemiptera are a mega‐diverse order, abundant in tropical rain forests and are ecologically important. To understand the roles of ants in exerting predation and competition pressure on invertebrates in tropical rain forests during drought and a post‐drought period, we established a large‐scale ecosystem manipulation experiment in Maliau Basin Conservation Area in Malaysian Borneo, suppressing the activity of ants on four 0.25 ha plots over a two‐year period. We sampled hemipterans found in the leaf litter during a drought (July 2015) and a post‐drought period (September 2016) period. We found significant shifts in the assemblage of hemipterans sampled from the leaf litter following ant suppression. Specifically, for ant‐suppression plots, the species richness and abundance of herbivorous hemipterans increased only during the post‐drought period. For predatory hemipterans, abundance increased with ant‐suppression regardless of drought conditions, and we found marginal evidence for a species richness increase during the post‐drought period with little or no change in the drought period. These results illustrate how ants in tropical forests structure invertebrate communities and how these effects may vary with climatic variation.Abstract in Malay is available with online material.
Gut microbiome transfer—Finding the perfect fit
Authors: Leong Karen S. W. , O'Sullivan Justin M. , Derraik José G. B. , Cutfield Wayne S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGut microbiome transfer (GMT; also referred to as faecal microbiota transplantation or FMT) has been propelled from fringe therapy to mainstream science as a highly effective treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. As a result, there has been great interest in the potential efficacy and safety of GMT in treating other medical conditions, for example inflammatory bowel disease, and more recently as a novel therapy for obesity and metabolic diseases. For these chronic conditions, the results from clinical trials have been mixed. Further, specifically in obesity and metabolic diseases, there are limited available data, with only a few published studies with a small number of participants and short duration of follow‐up. Therefore, this review aims to explore the human, microbial and formulation factors that may affect the success of GMT. This includes various aspects in the preparation and administration of GMT, such as stool processing, modes of delivery, pretreatment with antibiotics and/or bowel lavage, frequency of GMT and possible use of precision bacteriotherapy. In addition, we examine the potential use of GMT in obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic diseases based on current available literature, highlighting some recent advances in GMT research in this area, as well as potential adverse effects after GMT therapy.
Psychotherapy for child welfare cases: Clinicians' and parents' perspectives
Authors: Yoo Hana , Racorean Stefana , Barrows Victoria 
Published: March 2020

AbstractParents involved with child protective services (CPS) often face various challenges, including sociostructural marginalization, mental illness and difficulties in family relationships. Although their need for mental health services is generally acknowledged, the extant child welfare literature lacks studies on how CPS‐involved parents may benefit from such services. In an attempt to address this gap, the current study seeks to explore clinicians' and parents' perspectives regarding the role of psychotherapy services (e.g. individual or conjoint counselling/therapy) for child welfare cases. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with clinicians working with CPS‐involved families and parents accused of child maltreatment. Thematic analysis of the interview data generated three themes: (1) psychotherapy as a place for safety and empathy, (2) psychotherapy as a place for challenge and (3) psychotherapy as a place for problem resolution. The findings suggest that psychotherapy services may benefit CPS‐involved parents not only by offering much‐needed emotional support and resources within sessions but also by facilitating parents' collaboration with CPS through their partnership with caseworkers outside of sessions. For child welfare practice, it is recommended that psychotherapy services be included from the outset of parents' CPS involvement to promote their psychological and relational well‐being as well as their successful completion of CPS requirements.
Factors associated with the decision to investigate child protective services referrals: A systematic review
Authors: Damman Jeri L. , Johnson‐Motoyama Michelle , Wells Susan J. , Harrington Kelly 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLimited resources for child protection create challenging decision situations for child protective services (CPS) workers at the point of intake. A body of research has examined the factors associated with worker decisions and processes using a variety of methodological approaches to gain knowledge on decision‐making. However, few attempts have been made to systematically review this literature. As part of a larger project on decision‐making at intake, this systematic review addressed the question of the factors associated with worker decisions to investigate alleged maltreatment referrals. Quantitative studies that examined factors associated with screening decisions in CPS practice settings were included in the review. Database and other search methods were used to identify research published in English over a 35‐year period (1980–2015). Of 1,147 identified sources, 18 studies were selected for full data extraction. The studies were conducted in the United States, Canada, and Sweden and varied in methodological quality. Most studies examined case factors with few studies examining other domains. To inform CPS policy and practice, additional research is needed to examine the relationships between decision‐making factors and case outcomes. Greater attention needs to be given to the organizational and external factors that influence decision‐making.
Stability of screw‐retention in two‐piece zirconia implants: An in vitro study
Authors: Joos Marc , Sailer Irena , Filippi Andreas , Mukaddam Khaled , Rosentritt Martin , Kühl Sebastian 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the stability of a screw‐retained connection in a novel two‐piece zirconia implant to a conventional titanium‐based connection in an in vitro chewing simulation including artificial ageing.Material and methodsIncisor (I) and molar (M) shaped monolithic zirconia crowns were screw‐retained on either two‐piece zirconia (test) or two‐piece titanium (control) implants resulting in 4 groups of 8 samples (titanium implants with incisor‐shaped crowns (T‐I), titanium implants with molar‐shaped crowns (T‐M), zirconia implants with incisor‐shaped crowns (Z‐I) and zirconia implants with molar‐shaped crowns (Z‐M). These were subjected to artificial ageing by thermal cycling (TC: 2 × 3000 × 5°C/55°C cycles of 2 min) and mechanical loading (ML: 1.2 × 106 cycles of 50 N, f = 1 Hz). Surviving samples additionally underwent a fracture force test. Kaplan–Meier plots were drawn, and two‐way ANOVA was calculated taking anatomical localisation and material variables as factors.ResultsThe mean corresponding survival times were lower for T‐M (0.86 × 106 ± 0.31 × 106 cycles) and Z‐I (0.84 × 106 ± 0.21 × 106 cycles) compared to T‐I (1.14 × 106 ± 0.10 × 106 cycles) and Z‐M (1.20 × 106 ± 0.10 × 106 cycles). In one‐way ANOVAs for survival time dependent on either location or material, no statistically significant differences could be found (location: p = .31; material: p = .62) in one‐way ANOVAs. The interaction of location and material showed significant differences (F = 21.3, p < .001).ConclusionThe connection of the tested screw‐retained zirconia crowns in two‐piece zirconia implants is comparable to standard titanium implants in the specific in vitro testing.
Female representation on boards andCEOperformance‐induced turnover: Evidence from Russia
Authors: Kim Oksana , Kuang Yu Flora , Qin Bo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResearch Question/IssueThis study examines the influence of female board representation on CEO turnover and firm value. We focus on Russia, a patriarchal country with vast gender differences, where empathy, patience, and supportiveness are considered fundamental qualities of females.Research Findings/InsightsUsing a sample of public firms listed on the Moscow Exchange from 2006 to 2015, we find that female representation on boards is associated with lower CEO turnover–performance sensitivity. Further, female boards appear to add firm value, as we find that CEO retention decisions are associated with improved future firm value when the decision is made by a female board. Furthermore, we identify that female representation on boards is associated with greater diligence (i.e., hold more board meetings) after retaining their underperforming CEOs.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsOur findings suggest that female boards tend to develop a long‐term view of CEO performance and that such boards exercise greater diligence and supportiveness, thereby adding shareholder value. Our results also indicate that patience and collaboration of corporate boards afford opportunities to develop strategic thinking, which is particularly valuable for a firm in times of crisis. Our study contributes to the research on what qualities of a board affect its decision making and effectiveness. Our research also adds to the literature on female board representation. We study Russia, where gender differences are prominent, and female representation occurs by happenstance rather than regulatorily / intentionally. Overall, we are able to attribute our findings to female representation on boards.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur study contributes to the burgeoning research on corporate governance in Russia. Although the Russian economy has demonstrated unprecedented growth among emerging markets, research on corporate governance in Russia remains scarce. Our study is among the first efforts to understand how female boards perform in a patriarchal country. Our investigation, therefore, offers important insights for policymakers and practitioners.
Intermediate hyperglycaemia and 10‐year mortality in resource‐constrained settings: the PERU MIGRANT Study
Authors: Lazo‐Porras M. , Ruiz‐Alejos A. , Miranda J. J. , Carrillo‐Larco R. M. , Gilman R. H. , Smeeth L. , Bernabé‐Ortiz A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo determine whether intermediate hyperglycaemia, defined by fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c criteria, is associated with mortality in a 10‐year cohort of people in a Latin American country.MethodsAnalysis of the PERU MIGRANT Study was conducted in three different population groups (rural, rural‐to‐urban migrant, and urban). The baseline assessment was conducted in 2007/2008, with follow‐up assessment in 2018. The outcome was all‐cause mortality, and the exposure was intermediate hyperglycaemia, using three definitions: (1) impaired fasting glucose, defined according to American Diabetes Association criteria [fasting plasma glucose 5.6–6.9 mmol/l (100–125 mg/dl)]; (2) intermediate hyperglycaemia defined according to American Diabetes Association criteria [HbA1c levels 39–46 mmol/mol (5.7–6.4%)]; and (3) intermediate hyperglycaemia defined according to the International Expert Committee criteria [HbA1c levels 42–46 mmol/mol (6.0–6.4%)]. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsAt baseline, the mean (sd) age of the study population was 47.8 (11.9) years and 52.5% of the cohort were women. The study cohort was divided into population groups as follows: 207 people (20.0%) in the rural population group, 583 (59.7%) in the rural‐to‐urban migrant group and 198 (20.3%) in the urban population group. The prevalence of intermediate hyperglycaemia was: 6%, 12.9% and 38.5% according to the American Diabetes Association impaired fasting glucose definition, the International Expert Committee HbA1c‐based definition and the American Diabetes Association HbA1c‐based definition, respectively, and the mortality rate after 10 years was 63/976 (7%). Intermediate hyperglycaemia was associated with all‐cause mortality using the HbA1c‐based definitions in the crude models [hazard ratios 2.82 (95% CI 1.59–4.99) according to the American Diabetes Association and 2.92 (95% CI 1.62–5.28) according to the International Expert Committee], whereas American Diabetes Association‐defined impaired fasting glucose was not [hazard ratio 0.84 (95% CI 0.26–2.68)]. In the adjusted model, however, only the American Diabetes Association HbA1c‐based definition was associated with all‐cause mortality [hazard ratio 1.91 (95% CI 1.03–3.53)], whereas the International Expert Committee HbA1c‐based and American Diabetes Association impaired fasting glucose‐based definitions were not [hazard ratios 1.42 (95% CI 0.75–2.68) and 1.09 (95% CI 0.33–3.63), respectively].ConclusionsIntermediate hyperglycaemia defined using the American Diabetes Association HbA1c criteria was associated with an elevated mortality rate after 10 years in a cohort from Peru. HbA1c appears to be a factor associated with mortality in this Peruvian population.
Unsupervised clustering for phenotypic stratification of clinical, demographic, and stress attributes of cardiac risk in patients with nonischemic exercise stress echocardiography
Authors: Omar Alaa Mabrouk Salem , Ramirez Roberto , Haddadin Faris , Sabharwal Basera , Khandaker Mariam , Patel Yash , Argulian Edgar 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroduction and aimPatients undergoing exercise echocardiography with no evidence of myocardial ischemia are considered a low‐risk group; however, this group is likely heterogeneous in terms of short‐term adverse events and subsequent cardiac testing. We hypothesized that unsupervised cluster modeling using clinical and stress characteristics can detect heterogeneity in cardiovascular risk and need for subsequent cardiac testing among these patients.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 445 patients who had exercise echocardiography results negative for myocardial ischemia. All patients were followed for adverse cardiovascular events, subsequent cardiac testing, and nonacute coronary syndrome (ACS) revascularization. The heterogeneity of the study subjects was tested using computational clustering, an exploratory statistical method designed to uncover invisible natural groups within data. Clinical and stress predictors of adverse events were extracted and used to construct 3 unsupervised cluster models: clinical, stress, and combined. The study population was split into training (357 patients) and testing sets (88 patients).ResultsIn the training set, the clinical, stress, and combined cluster models yielded 5, 4, and 3 clusters, respectively. Each model had 1 high‐risk and 1 low‐risk cluster while other clusters were intermediate. The combined model showed a better predictive ability compared to the clinical or stress models alone. The need for future testing mirrored the pattern of adverse cardiovascular events. A risk score derived from the combined cluster model predicted end points with acceptable accuracy. The patterns of risk and the calculated risk scores were preserved in the testing set.ConclusionsPatients with no evidence of ischemia on exercise stress echocardiography represent a heterogeneous group. Cluster‐based modeling using combined clinical and stress characteristics can expose this heterogeneity. The findings can help better risk‐stratify this group of patients and aid cost‐effective healthcare utilization toward better diagnostics and therapeutics.
The modified DYMUS questionnaire is a reliable, valid and easy‐to‐use tool in the assessment of dysphagia in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Printza A. , Boziki M. , Bakirtzis C. , Nikolaidis I. , Kalaitzi M. , Triaridis S. , Grigoriadis N. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and purposeMany patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) present swallowing difficulties. Dysphagia is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, has a profound impact on the quality of life but is under‐reported by patients. The objective was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Dysphagia in Multiple Sclerosis (DYMUS) questionnaire and examine whether item reduction improves them.MethodsThe participants, 153 patients with MS and 104 healthy controls, completed the DYMUS and the Eating Assessment Tool 10 (EAT‐10). The study consisted of factor, reliability and validity analysis of DYMUS, and item reduction, reliability, validity analysis and normative data generation for the modified DYMUS (mod‐DYMUS).ResultsThe internal consistency of DYMUS was excellent (Cronbach’s alpha 0.886). Test–retest reliability was good for all the items. Factor and reliability analysis, along with other psychometric features, supported item reduction. The mod‐DYMUS (consisting of items 1 and 3–7) showed improved internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha 0.903) and inter‐item correlation coefficients (0.558–0.657), good test–retest reliability, excellent criterion validity and improved convergent validity. Patients had significantly higher mean mod‐DYMUS score than controls (P < 0.001), and dysphagic patients (EAT‐10 ≥ 3) had significantly higher mod‐DYMUS than non‐dysphagic patients (P < 0.001). A strong positive and significant correlation was noted between the mod‐DYMUS and the EAT‐10 (P < 0.001). A mod‐DYMUS score of 1 or higher indicates dysphagia.ConclusionsItem reduction improves the psychometric properties of DYMUS. The mod‐DYMUS is a valid, reliable, low‐burden, screening tool for the detection of dysphagia in MS, which can enhance personalized assessment and guide management decisions that better respond to individual patients’ needs.
Non‐motor symptom burden is strongly correlated to motor complications in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Santos‐García D. , de Deus Fonticoba T. , Suárez Castro E. , Aneiros Díaz A. , McAfee D. , Catalán M. J. , Alonso‐Frech F. , Villanueva C. , Jesús S. , Mir P. , Aguilar M. , Pastor P. , García Caldentey J. , Esltelrich Peyret E. , Planellas L. L. , Martí M. J. , Caballol N. , Hernández Vara J. , Martí Andrés G. , Cabo I. , Ávila Rivera M. A. , López Manzanares L. , Redondo N. , Martinez‐Martin P. ,   COPPADIS Study Group, McAfee D. 
Published: March 2020

Background and purposeThe objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between motor complications and non‐motor symptom (NMS) burden in a population of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and also in a subgroup of patients with early PD.MethodsPatients with PD from the COPPADIS cohort were included in this cross‐sectional study. NMS burden was defined according to the Non‐Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) total score. Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part IV was used to establish motor complication types and their severity. Patients with ≤5 years of symptoms from onset were included as patients with early PD.ResultsOf 690 patients with PD (62.6 ± 8.9 years old, 60.1% males), 33.9% and 18.1% presented motor fluctuations and dyskinesia, respectively. The NMS total score was higher in patients with motor fluctuations (59.2 ± 43.1 vs. 38.3 ± 33.1; P < 0.0001) and dyskinesia (63.5 ± 40.7 vs. 41.4 ± 36.3; P < 0.0001). In a multiple linear regression model and after adjustment for age, sex, disease duration, Hoehn & Yahr stage, UPDRS‐III score and levodopa equivalent daily dose, UPDRS‐IV score was significantly related to a higher NMSS total score (β = 0.27; 95% confidence intervals, 2.81–5.61; P < 0.0001), as it was in a logistic regression model on dichotomous NMSS total score (≤40, mild or moderate vs. >40, severe or very severe) (odds ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence intervals, 1.17–1.47; P < 0.0001). In the subgroup of patients with early PD (n = 396; mean disease duration 2.7 ± 1.5 years), motor fluctuations were frequent (18.1%) and similar results were obtained.ConclusionsMotor complications were frequent and were associated with a greater NMS burden in patients with PD even during the first 5 years of disease duration.
Long‐term behavioral repeatability in wild adult and captive juvenile turtles (Terrapene carolina): Implications for personality development
Authors: Carlson Bradley E. , Tetzlaff Sasha J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAnimal personality can be defined as conspecific individuals consistently differing in behavioral tendencies. Personality is typically identified by behavioral repeatability, which occurs when within‐individual variance is low relative to among‐individual variance in the population. Intraspecific comparisons of behavioral repeatability in juveniles and adults within and across years are rare, but would be useful for testing hypotheses related to origins of animal personality and whether individuals exhibit stable or diverging behavior with ontogeny. To examine within‐ and across‐year behavioral repeatability for eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina), we assessed boldness (movement latency after brief confinement) of captive‐born juveniles twice within three days when eight months old. We then repeated these tests for the same individuals one year later. Juveniles exhibited repeatable boldness within and across years. Although increasing body temperature was slightly associated with decreased movement latency, test year (1 or 2), or housing experience (being raised in an enriched or unenriched condition) had no effects on boldness. We also assessed across‐year repeatability of boldness (head emergence from the shell after brief confinement) for wild adults at 1–3 year intervals. Adults also exhibited repeatable across‐year boldness that was of similar magnitude to juveniles. We found no indication that sex class or whether adults had been radio‐tracked influenced boldness. Our results suggest eastern box turtles demonstrate consistent individuality in boldness from an early age that is largely unaffected by temporal or environmental variation, and these behavioral differences can be maintained for multiple years in captivity and the wild, contrasting with theoretical expectations for personality development. These findings add to recent accumulating evidence demonstrating juvenile and adult box turtles exhibit multiple repeatable behaviors over the short‐ and long‐term. We suggest this species is quickly gaining traction as a model organism for studying the proximate and ultimate causes of personality development within long‐lived animals.