bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene expression network analysis provides potential targets against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Hernández Cordero Ana I. , Li Xuan , Yang Chen Xi , Milne Stephen , Bossé Yohan , Joubert Philippe , Timens Wim , van den Berge Maarten , Nickle David , Hao Ke , Sin Don D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCell entry of SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus causing COVID-19, is facilitated by host cell angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). We aimed to identify and characterize genes that are co-expressed with ACE2 and TMPRSS2, and to further explore their biological functions and potential as druggable targets. Using the gene expression profiles of 1,038 lung tissue samples, we performed a weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) to identify modules of co-expressed genes. We explored the biology of co-expressed genes using bioinformatics databases, and identified known drug-gene interactions. ACE2 was in a module of 681 co-expressed genes; 10 genes with moderate-high correlation with ACE2 (r > 0.3, FDR < 0.05) had known interactions with existing drug compounds. TMPRSS2 was in a module of 1,086 co-expressed genes; 31 of these genes were enriched in the gene ontology biologic process ‘receptor-mediated endocytosis’, and 52 TMPRSS2-correlated genes had known interactions with drug compounds. Dozens of genes are co-expressed with ACE2 and TMPRSS2, many of which have plausible links to COVID-19 pathophysiology. Many of the co-expressed genes are potentially targetable with existing drugs, which may accelerate the development of COVID-19 therapeutics.
Global trends in antimicrobial use in aquaculture
Authors: Schar Daniel , Klein Eili Y. , Laxminarayan Ramanan , Gilbert Marius , Van Boeckel Thomas P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlobally aquaculture contributes 8% of animal protein intake to the human diet, and per capita consumption is increasing faster than meat and dairy consumption. Reports have documented antimicrobial use in the rapidly expanding aquaculture industry, which may contribute to the rise of antimicrobial resistance, carrying potential consequences for animal-, human-, and ecosystem-health. However, quantitative antimicrobial use across a highly diversified aquaculture industry is not well characterized. Here, we estimate global trends in antimicrobial use in aquaculture in 2017 and 2030 to help target future surveillance efforts and antimicrobial stewardship policies. We estimate antimicrobial use intensity (mg kg−1) for six species groups though a systematic review of point prevalence surveys, which identified 146 species-specific antimicrobial use rates. We project antimicrobial use in each country by combining mean antimicrobial use coefficients per species group with OECD/FAO Agricultural Outlook and FAO FishStat production volumes. We estimate global antimicrobial consumption in 2017 at 10,259 tons (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3163–44,727 tons), increasing 33% to 13,600 tons in 2030 (UI 4193–59,295). The Asia–Pacific region represents the largest share (93.8%) of global consumption, with China alone contributing 57.9% of global consumption in 2017. Antimicrobial consumption intensity per species group was: catfish, 157 mg kg−1 (UI 9–2751); trout, 103 mg kg−1 (UI 5–1951); tilapia, 59 mg kg−1 (UI 21–169); shrimp, 46 mg kg−1 (UI 10–224); salmon, 27 mg kg−1 (UI 17–41) and a pooled species group, 208 mg kg−1, (UI 70–622). All antimicrobial classes identified in the review are classified as medically important. We estimate aggregate global human, terrestrial and aquatic food animal antimicrobial use in 2030 at 236,757 tons (95% UI 145,525–421,426), of which aquaculture constitutes 5.7% but carries the highest use intensity per kilogram of biomass (164.8 mg kg−1). This analysis calls for a substantial scale-up of surveillance capacities to monitor global trends in antimicrobial use. Current evidence, while subject to considerable uncertainties, suggests that for some species groups antimicrobial use intensity surpasses consumption levels in terrestrial animals and humans. Acknowledging the fast-growing nature of aquaculture as an important source of animal nutrition globally, our findings highlight the urgent need for enhanced antimicrobial stewardship in a high-growth industry with broad links to water and ecosystem health.
Evaluation of primary breast cancers using dedicated breast PET and whole-body PET
Authors: Hathi Deep K. , Li Wen , Seo Youngho , Flavell Robert R. , Kornak John , Franc Benjamin L. , Joe Bonnie N. , Esserman Laura J. , Hylton Nola M. , Jones Ella F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMetabolic imaging of the primary breast tumor with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) PET may assist in predicting treatment response in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) setting. Dedicated breast PET (dbPET) is a high-resolution imaging modality with demonstrated ability in highlighting intratumoral heterogeneity and identifying small lesions in the breast volume. In this study, we characterized similarities and differences in the uptake of [18F]FDG in dbPET compared to whole-body PET (wbPET) in a cohort of ten patients with biopsy-confirmed, locally advanced breast cancer at the pre-treatment timepoint. Patients received bilateral dbPET and wbPET following administration of 186 MBq and 307 MBq [18F]FDG on separate days, respectively. [18F]FDG uptake measurements and 20 radiomic features based on morphology, tumor intensity, and texture were calculated and compared. There was a fivefold increase in SULpeak for dbPET (median difference (95% CI): 4.0 mL−1 (1.8–6.4 mL−1), p = 0.006). Additionally, spatial heterogeneity features showed statistically significant differences between dbPET and wbPET. The higher [18F]FDG uptake in dbPET highlighted the dynamic range of this breast-specific imaging modality. Combining with the higher spatial resolution, dbPET may be able to detect treatment response in the primary tumor during NAC, and future studies with larger cohorts are warranted.
Population genetics of the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) in East Asia
Authors: Tan Yue , Fang Lei , Qiu Ming , Huo Zhongming , Yan Xiwu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum is the world’s second most important bivalve mollusk commercially farmed, whose indigenous populations are mainly distributed in the coastal areas of East Asia. However, with the development of commercialization, mixture of populations and loss of local germplasm have become prominent problems. Here, genetic differentiation of seven Manila clam populations from East Asia was investigated through analyzing the polymorphism of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene as well as 20 simple sequence repeat (SSR) molecular loci. In total, 40 haplotypes were identified, among which 31 were unique. Moreover, two main haplotypes were detected with several radiating derived haplotypes. Populations in Japan-North Korea shared haplotype Hap_31, and populations in China shared haplotype Hap_7, suggesting that the natural geographical isolation of the Yangtze River and the Yalu River might have divided the East Asian indigenous populations into three groups, which were located in South China, North China, and Japan-North Korea, respectively. The Aquaculture breeding activities from South to North in China might have promoted gene exchange among Manila clam populations. Population in Laizhou had the highest genetic diversity and therefore could be an excellent germplasm source.
Cu-chitosan nano-net improves keeping quality of tomato by modulating physio-biochemical responses
Authors: Meena Mahendra , Pilania Shalini , Pal Ajay , Mandhania Shiwani , Bhushan Bharat , Kumar Satish , Gohari Gholamreza , Saharan Vinod 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMinimizing the post-harvest losses in fruits and vegetables is one of the challenging tasks in agriculture. To address this issue, we report nano-net of Cu-chitosan nanoparticles (Cu-chitosan NPs) which has the ability to extend the shelf-life of stored tomato. The application of Cu-chitosan NPs (0.01–0.04%) significantly curtailed microbial decay (< 5 versus > 50% in control), physiological loss in weight (14.36 versus 28.13% in control), respiration rate (0.01173 versus 0.01879 g CO2 kg−1 h−1) and maintained fruit firmness (34.0 versus 17.33 N in control) during storage. Further, these NPs significantly retarded loss of titratable acidity, retained total soluble solids, total and reducing sugars, lycopene, ascorbic acid and inhibited polyphenol oxidase. Likewise, NPs effectively preserved L* (lightness), a* (red/green) and b* (blue/yellow) values and maintained organoleptic score. Scanning electron microscopy study confirmed that Cu-chitosan NPs orchestrate into an invisible-intangible nano-net over tomato surface which may plausibly act as a potential barrier at all possible openings (stem scar, cuticle wax, lenticels, and aquaporins) to control microbial infection, moisture loss, gas exchanges and respiration rate. Overall, nano-net extended keeping quality of tomatoes up to 21 days at room temperature (27 ± 2 °C, 55 ± 2% relative humidity).
CT changes of severe coronavirus disease 2019 based on prognosis
Authors: Liang Bin , Xie Lingli , Yang Fan , Makamure Joyman , Zhang Lijie , Pang Ran , Du Peng , Fan Wenhui , Zheng Chuansheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the characteristics of CT changes in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on prognosis. Serial CT scans in 47 patients with severe COVID-19 were reviewed. The patterns, distribution and CT score of lung abnormalities were assessed. Scans were classified according to duration in weeks after onset of symptoms. These CT abnormalities were compared between discharged and dead patients. Twenty-six patients were discharged, whereas 21 passed away. Discharged patients were characterized by a rapid rise in CT score in the first 2 weeks followed by a slow decline, presence of reticular and mixed patterns from the second week, and prevalence of subpleural distribution of opacities in all weeks. In contrast, dead patients were characterized by a progressive rise in CT score, persistence of ground-glass opacity and consolidation patterns in all weeks, and prevalence of diffuse distribution from the second week. CT scores of death group were significantly higher than those of discharge group (P < 0.05). The CT changes differed between the discharged and dead patients. An understanding of these differences can be of clinical significance in the assessment of the prognosis of severe COVID-19 patients.
Choose your meals carefully if you need to coexist with a toxic invader
Authors: Pettit Lachlan , Ward-Fear Georgia , Shine Richard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractVulnerable native species may survive the impact of a lethally toxic invader by changes in behaviour, physiology and/or morphology. The roles of such mechanisms can be clarified by standardised testing. We recorded behavioural responses of monitor lizards (Varanus panoptes and V. varius) to legs of poisonous cane toads (Rhinella marina) and non-toxic control meals (chicken necks or chicken eggs and sardines) along 1300 and 2500 km transects, encompassing the toad’s 85-year invasion trajectory across Australia as well as yet-to-be-invaded sites to the west and south of the currently colonised area. Patterns were identical in the two varanid species. Of monitors that consumed at least one prey type, 96% took control baits whereas toad legs were eaten by 60% of lizards in toad-free sites but 0% from toad-invaded sites. Our survey confirms that the ability to recognise and reject toads as prey enables monitor lizards to coexist with cane toads. As toxic invaders continue to impact ecosystems globally, it is vital to understand the mechanisms that allow some taxa to persist over long time-scales.
Obesity in spontaneous spondylodiscitis: a relevant risk factor for severe disease courses
Authors: Schoof Benjamin , Stangenberg Martin , Mende Klaus Christian , Thiesen Darius Maximilian , Ntalos Dimitris , Dreimann Marc 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSpondylodiscitis is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease. Obesity is a risk factor for many infections, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe characteristics of obese patients with spondylodiscitis and identify risk factors for a severe disease course in obese patients. Between December 2012 and June 2018, clinical records were screened for patients admitted for spondylodiscitis. The final analysis included 191 adult patients (mean age 64.6 ± 14.8 years). Patient data concerning demographics, comorbidities, surgical treatment, laboratory testing, and microbiological workup were analysed using an electronic database. Patients were grouped according to body mass index (BMI) as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 or < 30 kg/m2. Seventy-seven patients were classified as normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), 65 as preobese (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2), and 49 as obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Obese patients were younger, had a higher revision surgery rate, and showed higher rates of abscesses, neurological failure, and postoperative complications. A different bacterial spectrum dominated by staphylococci species was revealed (p = 0.019). Obese patients with diabetes mellitus had a significantly higher risk for spondylodiscitis (p = 0.002). The mortality rate was similar in both cohorts, as was the spondylodiscitis localisation. Obesity, especially when combined with diabetes mellitus, is associated with a higher proportion of Staphylococcus aureus infections and is a risk factor for a severe course of spondylodiscitis, including higher revision rates and sepsis, especially in younger patients.
Different expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in Shandong black cattle and Luxi cattle based on transcriptome analysis
Authors: Liu Ruili , Liu Xianxun , Bai Xuejin , Xiao Chaozhu , Dong Yajuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo provide new ideas for improving meat quality and generating new breeds of cattle, the important candidate genes affecting fat deposition in two kinds of cattle were identified. Eighteen months Shandong black cattle (n = 3) and Luxi cattle (n = 3) were randomly assigned into two environmental. The longissimus dorsi muscles of Shandong Black Cattle and Luxi Cattle were collected and analyzed by fatty acid determination, high-throughput sequencing transcriptomics, qRT-PCR expression profile and western blot. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids was 1.37:1 and 1.24:1 in the muscle tissues of Shandong black cattle and Luxi cattle, respectively. The results of RNA-Seq analysis revealed 1320 DEGs between the longissimus dorsi of Shandong black cattle and Luxi cattle. A total of 867 genes were upregulated, and the other 453 genes were downregulated. With GO enrichment analysis, it was found that the identified DEGs were significantly enriched in regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway, negative regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway, cAMP metabolic process, fat cell differentiation and among other functions. We found that regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes was the significant enrichment pathway of upregulated genes and downregulated genes, PPAR signaling pathway and AMPK signaling pathway are highly representative pathways of lipid metabolism in Shandong black cattle. Network analysis showed that PPARGC1A, ADCY4, ANKRD6, COL1A1, FABP4, ADIPOQ, PLIN1, PLIN2, and LIPE genes were correlated with key loci genes in multiple metabolic pathways. Meanwhile we found that FABP4 and ADIPOQ had 7 common regulatory factors in different genes, which were PLIN1, PLIN2, PPARGC1A, RXRA, PCK1, LEPR, LEP. These genes were involved in regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, adipocytokine signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway. FABP4 and ADIPOQ were selected as important candidate marker genes for fat deposition based on the results.
Probing the molecular frame of uracil and thymine with high-harmonic generation spectroscopy
Authors: Luppi Eleonora , Coccia Emanuele 
Published: December 2020

We present here HHG spectra of uracil and thymine, computed by a real-time formulation of configuration interaction with single excitations. Spectra are obtained as three-dimensional and molecular-plane averages, and as single-polarisation responses.
Automatic Estimation of Laryngeal Vestibule Closure Duration Using High-Resolution Cervical Auscultation Signals
Authors: Sabry Aliaa , Mahoney Amanda S. , Mao Shitong , Khalifa Yassin , Sejdić Ervin , Coyle James L. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Safe swallowing requires adequate protection of the airway to prevent swallowed materials from entering the trachea or lungs (i.e., aspiration). Laryngeal vestibule closure (LVC) is the first line of defense against swallowed materials entering the airway. Absent LVC or mistimed/shortened closure duration can lead to aspiration, adverse medical consequences, and even death. LVC mechanisms can be judged commonly through the videofluoroscopic swallowing study; however, this type of instrumentation exposes patients to radiation and is not available or acceptable to all patients. There is growing interest in noninvasive methods to assess/monitor swallow physiology. In this study, we hypothesized that our noninvasive sensor-based system, which has been shown to accurately track hyoid displacement and upper esophageal sphincter opening duration during swallowing, could predict laryngeal vestibule status, including the onset of LVC and the onset of laryngeal vestibule reopening, in real time and estimate the closure duration with a comparable degree of accuracy as trained human raters.

Method
The sensor-based system used in this study is high-resolution cervical auscultation (HRCA). Advanced machine learning techniques enable HRCA signal analysis through feature extraction and complex algorithms. A deep learning model was developed with a data set of 588 swallows from 120 patients with suspected dysphagia and further tested on 45 swallows from 16 healthy participants.

Results
The new technique achieved an overall mean accuracy of 74.90% and 75.48% for the two data sets, respectively, in distinguishing LVC status. Closure duration ratios between automated and gold-standard human judgment of LVC duration were 1.13 for the patient data set and 0.93 for the healthy participant data set.

Conclusions
This study found that HRCA signal analysis using advanced machine learning techniques can effectively predict laryngeal vestibule status (closure or opening) and further estimate LVC duration. HRCA is potentially a noninvasive tool to estimate LVC duration for diagnostic and biofeedback purposes without X-ray imaging.
A universal data transfer technique over voice channels of cellular mobile communication networks
Authors: Zhang Tikui , Li Sensen , Yu Bin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA universal technique for transmitting data over voice (DoV) links that can be applied to various cellular networks is proposed. In the scheme, a generic modulation model is established based on waveform symbol mapping, where the data to be transmitted are mapped into finite waveform symbols of a codebook generated offline and demodulated with soft decision results at the receiving end. To make the proposed scheme applicable to various kinds of cellular networks, first sinusoidal signals are selected to synthesise waveform symbols due to their stable transmission characteristics over various voice channels. Then, an analytical method based on Surface Packing is proposed to optimise modulation codebooks. Finally, the target demodulation codebook is obtained through learning from the modulation codebook online. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme performs well over voice channels with different vocoders and has low symbol error rate on various vocoders. Compared with previous schemes designed for some specific vocoders in global system for mobile communication (GSM), the proposed scheme can extend the application scope of DoV to cross‐network scenarios consisting of GSM, universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) and long‐term evolution (LTE).
Energy self‐sufficiency and network support through photovoltaic and energy storage systems owned by private investors in a residential complex
Authors: Hayat Muhammad Adnan , Shahnia Farhad , Shafiullah GM , Wen Fushuan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe concept of community solar projects (CSPs) implies immense technical and economic incentives, but has not been widely adopted because of the investment risks. In this context, solar leasing can be very attractive and can lead to significant uptakes of residential rooftop photovoltaic (RPV) systems. This paper proposes solar leasing as an option to realize a CSP for a multi‐housing residential complex. Under the proposed approach, a company will lease the roof of some residential premises for installing and operating RPV systems, and selling the generated electricity to the community and the utility. The key considered design parameters are the rating and penetration level of RPV systems, as well as the capacity and the charge/discharge rate of the employed battery energy storage systems, in addition to the number of the houses that have leased their roofs and the energy trading tariffs. The impacts of these parameters on supporting the utility feeder such as network peak demand shaving and flattening the duck curve profile, while achieving the required level of self‐sufficiency for the multi‐housing complex are studied. These performance indicators have been also analyzed with respect to the economic parameters of the investing company.
Assessing the impacts of large‐scale offshore wind power in Southern China
Authors: Lin Chenyun , Song Yi , Zhao Junhua , Liang Gaoqi , Qiu Jing 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAs an important renewable energy resource, wind power has been greatly developed in Southern China to meet the increasing demands. In the context of power industry deregulation and hence electricity market development, wind power introduces new uncertainties for market participants and affects the long‐term planning of the power system concerned. In this paper, we use a simplified Guangdong power system model to simulate the electricity market in Southern China from 2019 to 2028. To study the economic and reliability impacts of installing large‐scale offshore wind farms, case studies are conducted to simulate two targeted scenarios, that is, with and without offshore wind power penetration. Based on the presented model, the well‐established Monte Carol simulation method is applied to assess the reliability of the Guangdong power grid by calculating the expected unsupplied energy (EUE). The experimental results show that the integration of offshore wind power farms will reduce the locational marginal prices (LMPs) as well as the weighted average spot price. The power flow on transmission lines with nodes connected to offshore wind farms will increase and the increase rate is higher in cases with higher demand. In addition, the increased EUE indicates that the integration of large‐scale offshore wind power farms will impair the reliable operation of the power grid. The proposed system model delivers practical references to renewable energy evaluation and regional electricity market operations.