bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penilaian Autentik dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Idris Mimi Musmiroh , Asyafah Abas 
Published: July 2020

Kajian ini merupakan studi literatur yang membahas tentang penilaian autentik dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama islam. Penilaian yang selama ini digunakan dalam proses penilaian di sekolah adalah penilaian tradisional, yang cenderung menilai aspek kognitif, dan mengabaikan aspek afektif dan psikomotor. Penilaian seharusnya dapat menilai seluruh aspek yaitu sikap, keterampilan, dan pengetahuan. Tujuan dari penulisan ini untuk mendeskripsikan penilaian autentik dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam. Hasil dari kajian ini merupakan deskripsi dari penilaian autentik sebagai suatu proses evaluasi terhadap hasil belajar dan kinerja peserta didik dalam mengaplikasikannya di kehidupan nyata. Hal ini dipandang penting karena peserta didik ditantang untuk menerapkan pengetahuan dan keterampilannya dalam situasi yang nyata. Hal ini dikarenakan melalui penilaian autentik guru juga dapat mengetahui sejauh mana pemahaman dan kemampuan peserta didik. Dengan penilaian autentik guru akan mengetahui perkembangan peserta didik dari data yang dikumpulkan. Dalam penggunaan penilaian autentik guru dianjurkan dapat mengoperasikan komputer, karena format penilaian yang menggunakan rubrik, dan guru juga harus siap dengan pembuatan format-format penilaian yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi peserta didik.
This study is a literature study that discusses authentic assessment in the learning of Islamic religious education. Assessment that has been used in the assessment process at school is a traditional assessment, which tends to assess cognitive aspects, and ignores the affective and psychomotor aspects. Assessment should be able to assess all aspects, namely attitudes, skills, and knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to describe authentic assessments in the learning of Islamic Religious Education. The results of this study are descriptions of authentic assessments as an evaluation process of learning outcomes and student performance in applying it in real life. This is considered important because students are challenged to apply their knowledge and skills in real situations. This is because through authentic assessment teachers can also find out the extent of students' understanding and ability. With authentic assessment, the teacher will know the development of students from the data collected. In the use of authentic assessment, teachers are recommended to be able to operate computers, because the assessment format uses rubrics, and the teacher must also be prepared by making assessment formats used to evaluate students.
Phytochemistry and antibacterial activity of plants extracts compared with two commercial antibiotics against <em>E coli</em> responsible for avian colibacillosis in Benin
Authors: Sessou Philippe , Yaovi Bruno Ayaovi , Yovo Mahudro , Gamedjo Judicaël , Dossa François , Aguidissou Oscar Nestor , Boko Kadoeito Cyrille , Alitonou Guy , Farougou Souaïbou , Sohounhloue Dominique 
Published: July 2020

<p>Despite its prominent place in development strategies, poultry breeding faces many constraints, including pathological ones. Among pathologies that affect poultry, colibacillosis is one of the most diseases that are communicable to humans and associated with heavy economic losses. To fight efficiently against avian colibacillosis, the work aimed to evaluate antimicrobial potential evaluation of non-volatile extracts of <em>Euphorbia hirta</em> and <em>Psidium guajava</em>, as well as the essential oils of <em>Clausena anisata</em> and <em>Aeollanthus pubescens</em> extracts and two commercial antibiotics namely tetracolivit and Oxytetracyclin against <em>Escherichia coli</em>. To achieve this goal, susceptibility tests were performed on a strain of <em>E. coli</em> using agar diffusion and microdilution methods. Results obtained showed that essential oils from <em>Clausena anisata</em> and non-volatile extracts tested were not active on <em>E coli</em>. However, the essential oils extracted from <em>Aeollanthus pubescens</em> were active on the <em>E. coli</em> with MIC of 0.44 ± 0.21 mg/ml and MBC of 0.87 ± 0.41mg / ml for the oil of the whole part, followed respectively by flower oil (MBC = 0.99 mg/ml) and leaf stem oil (MBC= 1.62 mg / ml). Comparing the activity of the essential oils of <em>Aeollanthus</em> with antibiotics tested, we noticed that tetracolivit was more active with MBC =0.15±0.07mg/ml on <em>E. coli</em> than these extracts which were more active than Oxytetracyclin (MBC=2.34±1.11mg/ml). In sum, the study showed that for a better management of avian collibacillosis in Benin, the tetracolivit is suitable as antibiotic which can be substituted by <em>Aeollanthus pubescens </em>essential oils.</p>
Application and Mechanisms of Plant Growth Promoting Fungi (PGPF) for Phytostimulation
Authors: Motaher Hossain Md. , Sultana Farjana 
Published: July 2020

Plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) constitute diverse genera of nonpathogenic fungi that provide a variety of benefits to their host plants. PGPF show an effective role in sustainable agriculture. Meeting increasing demand for crop production without damage to the environment is the biggest challenge nowadays. The use of PGPF has been recognized as an environmentally friendly way of increasing crop production. These fungi have proven to increase crop yields by improving germination, seedling vigor, plant growth, root morphogenesis, photosynthesis, and flowering through either a direct or indirect mechanism. The mechanisms of PGPF involve solubilizing and mineralizing nutrients for easy uptake by plants, regulating hormonal balance, producing volatile organic compounds and microbial enzyme, suppressing plant pathogens and ameliorating abiotic stresses. Successful colonization is an intrinsic factor for most PGPF to exert their beneficial effects on plants. A certain level of specificity exists in the interactions between plant species and PGPF for root colonization and growth promoting effects. There is a gap between the number of reported efficacious PGPF and the number of PGPF as biofertilizer. Efforts should be strengthened to improve the efficacy and commercialization of PGPF. Hence, this chapter summarizes valuable information regarding the application and mechanisms of PGPF in sustainable agriculture.
Évaluation qualitative de l’implantation de groupes psychoéducatifs pour le trouble bipolaire à Québec
Authors: Landry Stéphanie , Provencher Martin D. 
Published: July 2020

Le trouble bipolaire est une condition chronique ayant des conséquences tangibles sur le fonctionnement et la qualité de vie des personnes atteintes. Des interventions psychologiques reconnues efficaces, comme la psychoéducation, ont le potentiel de pallier certaines lacunes observées lorsque la pharmacothérapie est utilisée comme seule modalité de traitement. Toutefois, il semble que les personnes ayant un trouble bipolaire n’ont pas facilement accès à ce type de programme fondé sur les données probantes. En effet, le transfert des connaissances acquises dans la recherche vers le milieu clinique pose un défi. Ainsi, au-delà de l’évaluation de l’efficacité des traitements en recherche, il est nécessaire de considérer l’implantation de ces traitements dans la pratique clinique. L’objectif de la présente étude est donc de décrire l’implantation d’un programme psychoéducatif pour le traitement du trouble bipolaire, leLife Goals Program(LGP), à l’intérieur de milieux cliniques québécois. Dix-sept groupes de psychoéducation basés sur le LGP ont donc été offerts à l’intérieur de milieux cliniques publics québécois. Les animateurs de ces groupes ont rempli des journaux de bord et participé à une entrevue de groupe. Des analyses de contenu ont été réalisées pour documenter la mise en place du LGP. L’analyse des données qualitatives a permis d’identifier 4 principaux domaines de facteurs qui pourraient être tributaires de la variabilité dans l’implantation : les caractéristiques des intervenants, les caractéristiques des participants, le contexte organisationnel et la facilitation. En particulier, les facteurs déterminants dans les différences observées semblent être le soutien de l’équipe de recherche, le roulement de personnel et la formation des intervenants.
The Contamination of the Earth
Authors: Jarrige François , Le Roux Thomas 
Published: July 2020

The trajectories of pollution in global capitalism, from the toxic waste of early tanneries to the poisonous effects of pesticides in the twentieth century.
Through the centuries, the march of economic progress has been accompanied by the spread of industrial pollution. As our capacities for production and our aptitude for consumption have increased, so have their byproducts—chemical contamination from fertilizers and pesticides, diesel emissions, oil spills, a vast “plastic continent” found floating in the ocean. The Contamination of the Earth offers a social and political history of industrial pollution, mapping its trajectories over three centuries, from the toxic wastes of early tanneries to the fossil fuel energy regime of the twentieth century.
The authors describe how, from 1750 onward, in contrast to the early modern period, polluted water and air came to be seen as inevitable side effects of industrialization, which was universally regarded as beneficial. By the nineteenth century, pollutants became constituent elements of modernity. The authors trace the evolution of these various pollutions, and describe the ways in which they were simultaneously denounced and permitted. The twentieth century saw new and massive scales of pollution: chemicals that resisted biodegradation, including napalm and other defoliants used as weapons of war; the ascendancy of oil; and a lifestyle defined by consumption. In the 1970s, pollution became a political issue, but efforts—local, national, and global—to regulate it often fell short. Viewing the history of pollution though a political lens, the authors also offer lessons for the future of the industrial world.
Innovation Matters
Authors: Gilbert Richard J. 
Published: July 2020

A proposal for moving from price-centric to innovation-centric competition policy, reviewing theory and evidence on economic incentives for innovation.
Competition policy and antitrust enforcement have traditionally focused on prices rather than innovation. Economic theory shows the ways that price competition benefits consumers, and courts, antitrust agencies, and economists have developed tools for the quantitative evaluation of price impacts. Antitrust law does not preclude interventions to encourage innovation, but over time the interpretation of the laws has raised obstacles to enforcement policies for innovation. In this book, economist Richard Gilbert proposes a shift from price-centric to innovation-centric competition policy. Antitrust enforcement should be concerned with protecting incentives for innovation and preserving opportunities for dynamic, rather than static, competition. In a high-technology economy, Gilbert argues, innovation matters.
Gilbert considers both theory and available empirical evidence on the relationships among market structure, firm behavior, and the production of new products and services. He reviews the distinctive features of the high-tech economy and why current analytical tools used by antitrust enforcers aren't up to the task of assessing innovation concerns. He considers, from the perspective of innovation competition, Kenneth Arrow's “replacement effect” and the Schumpeterian theory of market power and appropriation; discusses the effect of mergers on innovation and future price competition; and reviews the empirical literature on competition, mergers, and innovation. He describes examples of merger enforcement by US and European antitrust agencies; examines cases brought against Microsoft and Google; and discusses the risks and benefits of interoperability standards. Finally, he offers recommendations for competition policy.
The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
Vigor
Authors: Shadmehr Reza , Ahmed Alaa A. 
Published: July 2020

An examination of the link between the vigor with which we move and the value that the brain assigns to the goal of the movement.
Why do we reflexively run toward people we love, but only walk toward others? In Vigor, Reza Shadmehr and Alaa Ahmed examine the link between how the brain assigns value to things and how it controls our movements. They find that brain regions thought to be principally involved in decision making also affect movement vigor—and that brain regions thought to be principally responsible for movement also bias patterns of decision making.
Shadmehr and Ahmed first consider the relationship of value and vigor from a behavioral and mathematical perspective, considering a series of fascinating observations—including, for example, data showing that people in certain cities tend to walk faster than those living elsewhere—through the lens of optimal foraging theory. They then go on to explore the neural basis of vigor and valuation, synthesizing results from experiments that have measured activity in various brain structures and neuromodulators, including dopamine and serotonin. They speculate that in the future, technologies may be able to predict our personal preferences by measuring our movements; through the vigor with which we move, we unwittingly reveal one of our well-guarded secrets: how much we value the object of our attention.
Vozes Femininas do Sarau Noturno: refletindo a arte cemiterial sob a perspectiva das representações e olhares femininos
Authors: Ismério Clarisse 
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo visa narrar como foi a construção das personagens femininos presentes no Sarau Noturno, sua importância para a história local e formação das acadêmicas que participaram do projeto. No Rio Grande do Sul a educação feminina foi marcada por uma mentalidade conservadora influenciada pelo discurso positivista, que nomeou a mulher a guardiã da moral e tinha como objetivo tirar a mulher do campo profissional e científico. E essa máxima é bastante difundida nas manifestações na arte cemiterial, cuja finalidade maior era consolidar junto ao imaginário social o símbolo da perfeição feminina, inspirado em Clotilde de Vaux, personificação da Religião da Humanidade. Porém, existiram mulheres que se posicionaram contra o conservadorismo patriarcal e foram protagonistas dos seus destinos. Esses múltiplos perfis femininos foram determinantes para a construção do Projeto Cultural Sarau Noturno, criado em 2008 para sensibilizar a sociedade de Bagé sobre as riquezas patrimoniais existentes no Cemitério da Santa Casa de Caridade. Em seu acervo observa-se vários tipos de representações femininas, tais como anjas, carpideiras, deusas e alegorias simbolizando a saudade, morte, dor, heroísmo, entre outras. Constata-se que durante os onze anos de atuação, de 2008 a 2019, o Sarau Noturno presenteou o público com apresentações que destacavam a importância histórica e artística do local. E contribuiu de maneira significativa para a formação cultural das acadêmicas que participaram ou participam do projeto.
High altitude and spontaneous preterm birth
Authors: Ali K.Z.M , Ali M.E. , Khalid M.E.M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To study the association between high altitude and spontaneous preterm birth. Methods: Eleven placentas from cases of high altitude (3000 m) spontaneous preterm deliveries with no clinical predisposing cause were collected in Abha, a city of southern Saudi Arabia. The placentas were examined histologically using sections stained by periodic acid‐Schiff and hematoxylin‐eosin. The mean percentages of villi with syncytial knots and cytotrophoblastic cells were determined. Results: Histology of the placenta samples showed an excessive formation of syncytial knots (45.4 ±13.3%) and cytotrophoblastic cells (52.7 ±15.2%) at terminal villi. Conclusion: The enhanced formation of syncytial knots and cytotrophoblastic cells is a histological feature of placental hypoxia, which may be secondary to maternal hypoxia resulting from high altitude hypoxia. Since placental hypoxia is associated with an increased incidence of spontaneous preterm birth, we suggest that high altitude may be involved in the etiology of spontaneous preterm birth.
Prolongation of pregnancy in multiple pregnancy
Authors: Al‐Najashi S.S. , Al‐Mulhim A.A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: The purpose of the study was to determine whether the use of prophylactic oral ritodrine or hospitalization for bed rest can prolong pregnancy in multiple pregnancy. Methods: The study was conducted over a period of 8 years and included 189 cases of multiple pregnancy, all of which were delivered at the King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al‐Khobar, Saudi Arabia, between July 1986 and August 1994. The patients were divided into three groups: the first group included 64 patients who received oral ritodrine from the 25th to the end of the 37th week of gestation; the second group included 57 patients who were hospitalized from the 28th to the 32nd week of gestation; and the third group, considered the control group, included 68 patients who were managed on an outpatient basis only. Forty‐six cases of multiple pregnancy were excluded from the study for a variety of reasons. Results: The study showed an increase in gestational age at delivery, an increase in mean birth weight and a reduction in preterm delivery in the group treated with prophylactic ritodrine (P = 0.03). In the hospitalized group there was no effect on duration of gestation or reduction in preterm delivery, but there was an increase in mean birth weight (P = 0.04). Several patients experienced troublesome side effects with ritodrine. Conclusion: Our study indicates that the prophylactic use of β‐sympathomimetics is more effective, beneficial and less expensive than hospitalization for bed rest in prevention of preterm labor and delivery in multiple pregnancy.
Ultrasound appearance of a developing mole
Authors: Zaki Z.M.S. , Bahar A.M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA 40‐year‐old primigravida at her 9th week of pregnancy presented with uterine bleeding and an ultrasound picture of a non‐embryonic pregnancy with an empty gestational sac but a thickened base of high echogenicity. A week later this thickened area showed a placenta‐like disc with a picture of early molar change. At ultrasound follow‐up, this progressed to a full hydatidiform mole filling the whole of the uterine cavity; the empty gestational sac had disappeared. The molar pregnancy was confirmed histologically following suction evacuation of the uterus. Early ultrasound diagnosis of a non‐embryonic pregnancy or a blighted ovum may not rule out the presence of abnormal trophoblast associated with hydatidiform mole. Failed early pregnancies should be evacuated immediately once diagnosed.
Efficacy of 7‐day treatment with metronidazole+miconazole (Neo‐Penotran®) — a triple‐active pessary for the treatment of single and mixed vaginal infections
Authors: Ozyurt E. , Toykuliyeva M.B. , Danilyans I.L. , Morton O. , Baktir G. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the efficacy of Neo‐Penotran® pessaries (metronidazole 500 mg+miconazole nitrate 100 mg) in candidal, bacterial and trichomonal vaginitis and in mixed vaginal infections. Method: Ninety‐seven patients with clinical diagnosis of vaginitis entered this open, non‐comparative study. Each patient inserted one pessary twice daily for 7 days. Gynecological and microbiological assessments were carried out before, and 8–10/21–23 days after the start of treatment. Results: Vaginitis symptoms were resolved in 91% of the 74 patients evaluated, and improved in a further 7%. Microbiological cure rates were 97.3% for trichomonal, 86.6% for bacterial and 81% for candidal vaginitis. Recurrence rates were 2.7, 3.8 and 16.1%, respectively. Overall microbiological cure rate for mixed infections was 86%, with 93% for trichomonal+bacterial, and 73% for bacterial+candidal vaginitis. In two out of three cases with trichomonal+bacterial+candidal infection, the microorganisms were eradicated completely. Conclusion: Neo‐Penotran® provides immediate and effective treatment for vaginitis, irrespective of single or multiple infection, even when the diagnosis may be uncertain.
A priori estimates for solutions of fully nonlinear special Lagrangian equations
Authors: Yuan Yu 
Published: July 2002

We derive an a priori

C^{2,α}

estimate in dimension three for the equation

F(D^2u)=\arctan\, λ_1+\arctan\, λ_2+\arctan\, λ_3=c

, where

λ_1,λ_2,λ_3

are the eigenvalues of the Hessian

D^2u

. For

−π/2<c<π/2

, the c-level set of

F(D^2u)

fails the convexity condition. Note that for any solution

u

of the above equation,

(x,\nabla u(x))

is a minimizing graph in

ℝ^6

. For

c=0,±π

, the equation is equivalent to

▵u=\operatorname{det}D^2u

.

Résumé

On déduit une estimation a priori

C^{2,α}

en dimension trois pour l’équation

F(D^2u)=\arctan\, λ_1+\arctan\, λ_2+\arctan\, λ_3=c

, où

λ_1,λ_2,λ_3

sont les valuers propres du hessien

D^2u

. Pour

−π/2<c<π/2

, l’ensemble de niveau c du

F(D^2u)

ne satisfait pas la condition de convexité. Remarquez que pour n’importe qu’elle solution

u

de l’équation,

(x,\nabla u(x))

est un graphe qui minimise l’aire dans

ℝ^6

. Pour

c=0,±π

, l’équation est équivalent à

▵u=\operatorname{det} D^2u

.
Global higher integrability of Jacobians on bounded domains
Authors: Li Chun , McIntosh Alan , Zhang Kewei , Hogan Jeff 
Published: July 2002

We give conditions for a vector-valued function

u \in W^{1,n}(Ω, ℝ^n)

, satisfying

\operatorname{det} Du(x) ≥ 0

on a bounded domain

Ω

, which imply that

\operatorname{det} Du(x)

is globally higher integrable on

Ω

. We also give conditions for

u \in W^{1,n}(Ω, ℝ^n)

such that

\operatorname{det} Du

belongs to the Hardy space

h^1_z(Ω)

and exhibit some examples which show that our conditions are in some sense optimal. Applications to the weak convergence of Jacobians follow. Div-curl type extensions of these results to forms are also considered.

Résumé

Pour une fonction à valeurs vectorielles

u \in W^{1,n}(Ω, ℝ^n)

telle que

\operatorname{det} Du(x) ≥ 0

dans un ouvert borné

Ω

, nous donnons des conditions conduisant à une amélioration de l'intégrabilité globale de

\operatorname{det} Du(x)

dans un ouvert borné

Ω

. Nous donnons aussi des conditions sur

u \in W^{1,n}(Ω, ℝ^n)

pour que

\operatorname{det} Du(x)

appartienne à l'espace de Hardy

h^1_z(Ω)

. Quelques exemples démontrent que ces conditions sont dans un certain sens optimales. Ces résultats sont appliqués à la convergence faible des jacobiens. Nous examinons aussi l'extension de ces résultats du type div-curl aux formes différentielles.