bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Echocardiographic Biomarkers in the Management of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Gumprecht Jakub , Szulik Mariola , Domek Magdalena , Mazurek Michał , Shantsila Alena , Oxborough David , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in adults. The number of patients with AF is anticipated to increase annually, mainly due to the aging population alongside improved arrhythmia detection. AF is associated with a significantly elevated risk of hospitalization, stroke, thromboembolism, heart failure, and all-cause mortality. Echocardiography is one of the key components of routine assessment and management of AF. Therefore, the aim of this review is to briefly summarize current knowledge on “novel” echocardiographic parameters that may be of value in the management of AF patients.

Recent Findings
Novel echocardiographic biomarkers and their clinical application related to the management of AF have been taken into consideration. Both standard parameters such as atrial size and volume but also novels like atrial strain and tissue Doppler techniques have been analyzed.

Summary
A number of novel echocardiographic parameters have been proven to enable early detection of left atrial dysfunction along with increased diagnosis accuracy. This concerns particularly experienced echocardiographers. Hence, these techniques might improve the prediction of stroke and thromboembolic events among AF patients and need to be further developed and disseminated. Nonetheless, even the standard imaging parameters could be of significant value and should not be discontinued in everyday clinical practice.
Immunotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Present and Future
Authors: Kim Isaac , Sanchez Katherine , McArthur Heather L. , Page David 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Immunotherapy is emerging as an effective treatment option for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. In this review, we summarize clinical data of immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer and comment on future directions in the field.

Recent Findings
IMpassion130 was a phase III trial that demonstrated progression-free survival benefit, and potentially overall survival benefit, of first-line chemotherapy (nab-paclitaxel) plus anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) atezolizumab, among PD-L1-positive metastatic triple-negative breast cancers. Studies are ongoing to evaluate other combination therapies with immune checkpoint blockade in TNBC, and to evaluate efficacy in PD-L1-negative tumors and in later lines of therapy.

Summary
Immunotherapy is now a standard option in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Ongoing trials may expand the degree of clinical benefit. Further work is ongoing to identify novel predictive biomarkers, which in the future may enable a personalized approach of combination immunotherapy.
Integrative concepts and practices of health in transdisciplinary social ecology
Authors: Assmuth Timo , Chen Xianwen , Degeling Christopher , Haahtela Tari , Irvine Katherine N. , Keune Hans , Kock Richard , Rantala Salla , Rüegg Simon , Vikström Suvi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIncreasing recognition of interdependencies of the health of humans, other organisms and ecosystems, and of their importance to socio-ecological systems, necessitates application of integrative concepts such as One Health and EcoHealth. These concepts open new perspectives for research and practice but also generate confusion and divergent opinion, prompting new theories, and call for empirical clarification and evaluation. Through a semi-systematic evaluation of knowledge generation in scientific publications (comprised of literature reviews, conceptual models and analyses of communities of practice), we show how integrative concepts and approaches to health evolve and are adopted. Our findings indicate that while their contexts, goals and rationales vary, integrative concepts of health essentially arise from shared interests in living systems. Despite recent increased attention to ecological and societal aspects of health including broader sustainability issues, the focus remains anthropocentric and oriented towards biomedicine. Practices reflect and in turn transform these concepts, which together with practices also influence ways of integration. Overarching narratives vary between optimism and pessimism towards integrated health and knowledge. We conclude that there is an urgent need for better, coherent and more deeply integrative health concepts, approaches and practices to foster the well-being of humans, other animals and ecosystems. Consideration of these concepts and practices has methodological and political importance, as it will transform thinking and action on both society and nature and specifically can enrich science and practice, expanding their scope and linking them better. Transdisciplinary efforts are crucial to developing such concepts and practices to properly address the multiple facets of health and to achieve their appropriate integration for the socio-ecological systems at stake. We propose the term “transdisciplinary health” to denote the new approaches needed.
Mandatory versus Discretionary Rule Dichotomy in the Harmonization of Corporate Governance Codes: Lessons for Nigeria
Authors: Ajibo Collins C , Ajibo Kenneth I 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHarmonizing corporate governance systems can potentially level the playing field for businesses, as it would increase financial and economic interconnections, including market integration, between countries. Although harmonization at the regional level such as the EU seems challenging because systems are so diverse, the reverse is the case at the national level. A critical issue in the harmonization effort is whether to adopt the “comply or explain” approach or the mandatory compliance approach. Although mandatory compliance is necessary in certain circumstances, particularly in cases of corporate pseudo-reporting that occasions corporate failures, the predominant approach involves “comply or explain”. Given competing interests in the business community, the inclination for flexibility and the regulatory authority's disposition for an oversight function, this article argues that a hybrid approach should be followed, which will internalize the merits of both the “comply or explain” and mandatory compliance approaches while eschewing their disadvantages.
Biomarkers of fitness and welfare in dairy animals: healthy living
Authors: de Almeida André M. , Zachut Maya , Hernández-Castellano Lorenzo E. , Šperanda Marcela , Gabai Gianfranco , Mobasheri Ali 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIncreased animal productivity has reduced animal fitness, resulting in increased susceptibility to infectious and metabolic diseases, locomotion problems and subfertility. Future animal breeding strategies should focus on balancing high production levels with health status monitoring and improved welfare. Additionally, understanding how animals interact with their internal and external environment is essential for improving health, fitness, and welfare. In this context, the continuous validation of existing biomarkers and the discovery and field implementation of new biomarkers will enable us to understand the specific physiological process and regulatory mechanisms used by the organism to adapt to different environmental conditions. Thus, biomarkers may be used to monitor welfare and improve management and breeding strategies. In this article, we describe major achievements in the establishment of biomarkers in dairy cows and small ruminants. This review mainly focuses on the physiological biomarkers used to monitor animal responses to, and recovery from, environmental perturbations. We highlight future avenues for research in this field and present a timely positioning document to the scientific community.
A needed amendment that explains too much and resolves little
Authors: Tasic Slavisa , Buturovic Zeljka 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBaumard's application of Life History Theory to explain the origins of economic growth is a needed amendment to incentive-based explanations of modern economics. However, even though it is grounded in evolution, the theory does not do enough to specify the relevant evolutionary mechanisms. As such, it accommodates too many alternative historic scenarios, yet remains unable to explain divergent regional patterns of economic growth.
Using big data to map the relationship between time perspectives and economic outputs
Authors: Olivola Christopher Y. , Moat Helen Susannah , Preis Tobias 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that population-level time perspectives can be approximated using “big data” on search engine queries, and that these indices, in turn, predict the per-capita Gross Domestic Product of countries. Although these findings seem to support Baumard's suggestion that affluence makes people more future-oriented, they also reveal a more complex relationship between time perspectives and economic outputs.
A claim for cognitive history
Authors: Cowles Henry M. , Kreiner Jamie 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHistory is a potential tool for cognitive scientists interested in metacognitive categories like “creativity” and “innovation.” As a way of thinking, history suggests alternative accounts of the development of innovation and growth, for example. Life History Theory is one such account, but its roots in the Industrial Revolution make it a problematic tool for telling the history of that period.
Cultural interconnectedness and in-group cooperation as sources of innovation
Authors: Dutra Natalia B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
I argue that the increased rate of innovation in eighteenth-century England cannot be understood without accounting for the unprecedented level of contact between England and other societies as a consequence of sixteenth-century colonialism. I propose cultural interconnectedness and in-group cooperation as two potential alternative explanations for the psychological changes and innovative behavior described by Baumard.
Exchanges of histone methylation and variants during mouse zygotic genome activation
Authors: Deng Mingtian , Chen Baobao , Liu Zifei , Cai Yu , Wan Yongjie , Zhou Jianguo , Wang Feng 
Published: November 2019

SummaryMinor and major zygotic genome activation (ZGA) are crucial for preimplantation development. During this process, histone variants and methylation influence chromatin accessibility and consequently regulated the expression of zygotic genes. However, the detailed exchanges of these modifications during ZGA remain to be determined. In the present study, the epigenetic modifications of histone 3 on lysine 9 (H3K9), 27 (H3K27) and 36 (H3K36), as well as four histone variants were determined during minor and major ZGA and in post-ZGA stages of mouse embryos. Firstly, microH2A1, H3K27me3 and H3K36me3 were asymmetrically stained in the female pronucleus during minor ZGA but lost staining in major ZGA. Secondly, H3K9me2 and H3K9me3 were strongly stained in the female pronucleus, but weakly stained in the male pronucleus and disappeared after ZGA. Thirdly, H2A.Z and H3.3 were symmetrically stained in male and female pronuclei during minor ZGA. Moreover, H3K27me2 was not statistically changed during mouse early development, while H3K36me2 was only detected in 2- and 4-cell embryos. In conclusion, our data revealed dynamics of histone methylation and variants during mice ZGA and provided details of their exchange in mice embryogenesis. Moreover, we further inferred that macroH2A1, H2A.Z, H3K9me2/3 and H3K27me2/3 may play crucial roles during mouse ZGA.
Factors affecting the outcome of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation following paediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Dohain Ahmed M. , Abdelmohsen Gaser , Elassal Ahmed A. , ElMahrouk Ahmed F. , Al-Radi Osman O. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground:Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has been widely used after paediatric cardiac surgery due to increasing complex surgical repairs in neonates and infants having complex CHDs.Materials and methods:We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of all patients with CHD requiring corrective or palliative cardiac surgery at King Abdulaziz University Hospital that needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support between November 2015 and November 2018.Results:The extracorporeal membrane oxygenation population was 30 patients, which represented 4% of 746 children who had cardiac surgery during this period. The patients’ age range was from 1 day to 20.33 years, with a median age of 6.5 months. Median weight was 5 kg (range from 2 to 53 kg). Twenty patients were successfully decannulated (66.67%), and 12 patients (40%) were survived to hospital discharge. Patients with biventricular repair tended to have better survival rate compared with those with single ventricle palliation (55.55 versus 16.66%, p-value 0.058). During the first 24 hours of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, the flow rate was significantly reduced after 4 hours of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation connection in successfully decannulated patients.Conclusion:Survival to hospital discharge in patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support after paediatric cardiac surgery was better in those who underwent biventricular repair than in those who had univentricular palliation. Capillary leak on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation could be a risk of mortality in patients after paediatric cardiac surgery.
A Kinematic Model for Understanding Rain Formation Efficiency of a Convective Cell
Authors: Fu Hao , Lin Yihua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA pure theoretical investigation of convective rain formation processes and formation efficiency (FE) is performed using a kinematic one‐dimensional time‐dependent model with warm rain microphysics. FE is defined as the ratio of total cloud‐to‐rainwater conversion to total condensation. FE is a component of precipitation efficiency, which is an important but poorly understood parameter in idealized climate models. This model represents a cloud by a cylindrical thermal bubble rising at constant velocity. The model focuses on the interaction between auto‐conversion, collection, and lateral mixing about which no theory has been proposed. Taking the auto‐conversion threshold into account, a criterion for rain formation and a semianalytical approximate solution of FE are found. The auto‐conversion threshold limits the temporal and spatial extent of the “vigorous rain formation region” where most of the rain is produced. The collection and auto‐conversion compete with lateral mixing to determine the strength of rain formation within this region. The FE is predicted to be most sensitive to auto‐conversion threshold, fractional entrainment rate, and initial bubble water vapor density.
Marine Reservoir Age Variability Over the Last Deglaciation: Implications for Marine CarbonCycling and Prospects for Regional Radiocarbon Calibrations
Authors: Skinner L. C. , Muschitiello F. , Scrivner A. E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMarine radiocarbon dates, corrected for ocean‐atmosphere reservoir age offsets (R‐ages), are widely used to constrain marine chronologies. R‐ages also represent the surface boundary condition that links the ocean interior radiocarbon distribution (i.e., “radiocarbon ventilation ages”) to the ocean's large‐scale overturning circulation. Understanding how R‐ages have varied over time is therefore essential both for accurate dating and for investigations into past ocean circulation/carbon cycle interactions. A number or recent studies have shed light on surface reservoir age changes over the last deglaciation; however, a clear picture of global/regional spatiotemporal patterns of variability has yet to emerge. Here we combine new and existing reservoir age estimates to show coherent but distinct regional reservoir age trends in the subpolar North Atlantic and Southern Ocean. It can be further shown that similar but lower amplitude changes occurred at midlatitudes in each hemisphere. An apparent link between regional patterns of reservoir age variability and the “thermal bipolar seesaw” suggests a causal link with changes in ocean circulation, mixed‐layer depth, and/or sea ice dynamics. A further link to atmospheric CO2 is also apparent and underlines a potentially dominant role for changes in the ocean's “disequilibrium carbon” pool, rather than changes in ocean transport, in deglacial CO2 change. The existence of significant R‐age variability over the last deglaciation poses a problem for marine radiocarbon age calibrations. However, its apparent regional consistency also raises the prospect of developing region‐specific marine calibration curves for radiocarbon‐dating purposes.
Geodynamic Evolution of Flat‐Slab Subduction of Paleo‐Pacific Plate: Constraints From Jurassic Adakitic Lavas in the Hailar Basin, NE China
Authors: Ji Zheng , Meng Qi‐An , Wan Chuan‐Biao , Zhu De‐Feng , Ge Wen‐Chun , Zhang Yan‐Long , Yang Hao , Dong Yu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSubduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate caused widespread Mesozoic magmatism, lithospheric deformation and thinning, and mineralization along the continental margin of East Asia. However, the details of this subduction process remain unclear. To investigate the regional geodynamic evolution and subduction processes of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate, we carried out a geochronological, geochemical, and Sr‐Nd‐Hf isotopic study of Middle‐Late Jurassic adakitic lavas in the Hailar Basin, northeast (NE) China. These rocks have relatively high Sr contents (434–877 ppm), low heavy rare earth element and Y (6.81–14.37 ppm) contents, and high Sr/Y ratios (56–83), which are characteristic of adakites. The rocks are classified into Middle Jurassic high‐K and Late Jurassic low‐K adakitic lavas. The high‐K adakitic lavas were derived by dehydration melting of thickened garnet‐bearing amphibolite‐facies lower crust. In contrast, the low‐K adakitic lavas could be considered as pristine slab‐melts that were likely generated by hydrous melting of subducted eclogitic oceanic crust, followed by limited interaction between the slab melt and peridotite as a consequence of flat‐slab subduction. Combined with previous data, our results demonstrate that the late Mesozoic magmatism in NE China records the entire temporal‐spatial evolution of subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific slab from initial shallowing of the subduction angle to flat‐slab subduction, followed by basalt‐eclogite phase transformation and finally slab rollback.
The genomic landscape of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers reveals multiple distinct genotypes with potential clinical impact
Authors: van Dessel Lisanne F. , van Riet Job , Smits Minke , Zhu Yanyun , Hamberg Paul , van der Heijden Michiel S. , Bergman Andries M. , van Oort Inge M. , de Wit Ronald , Voest Emile E. , Steeghs Neeltje , Yamaguchi Takafumi N. , Livingstone Julie , Boutros Paul C. , Martens John W. M. , Sleijfer Stefan , Cuppen Edwin , Zwart Wilbert , van de Werken Harmen J. G. , Mehra Niven , Lolkema Martijn P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has a highly complex genomic landscape. With the recent development of novel treatments, accurate stratification strategies are needed. Here we present the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analysis of fresh-frozen metastatic biopsies from 197 mCRPC patients. Using unsupervised clustering based on genomic features, we define eight distinct genomic clusters. We observe potentially clinically relevant genotypes, including microsatellite instability (MSI), homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) enriched with genomic deletions and BRCA2 aberrations, a tandem duplication genotype associated with CDK12−/− and a chromothripsis-enriched subgroup. Our data suggests that stratification on WGS characteristics may improve identification of MSI, CDK12−/− and HRD patients. From WGS and ChIP-seq data, we show the potential relevance of recurrent alterations in non-coding regions identified with WGS and highlight the central role of AR signaling in tumor progression. These data underline the potential value of using WGS to accurately stratify mCRPC patients into clinically actionable subgroups.
Pathways to cellular supremacy in biocomputing
Authors: Grozinger Lewis , Amos Martyn , Gorochowski Thomas E. , Carbonell Pablo , Oyarzún Diego A. , Stoof Ruud , Fellermann Harold , Zuliani Paolo , Tas Huseyin , Goñi-Moreno Angel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSynthetic biology uses living cells as the substrate for performing human-defined computations. Many current implementations of cellular computing are based on the “genetic circuit” metaphor, an approximation of the operation of silicon-based computers. Although this conceptual mapping has been relatively successful, we argue that it fundamentally limits the types of computation that may be engineered inside the cell, and fails to exploit the rich and diverse functionality available in natural living systems. We propose the notion of “cellular supremacy” to focus attention on domains in which biocomputing might offer superior performance over traditional computers. We consider potential pathways toward cellular supremacy, and suggest application areas in which it may be found.
Chaperone-mediated ordered assembly of the SAGA and NuA4 transcription co-activator complexes in yeast
Authors: Elías-Villalobos Alberto , Toullec Damien , Faux Céline , Séveno Martial , Helmlinger Dominique 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTranscription initiation involves the coordinated activities of large multimeric complexes, but little is known about their biogenesis. Here we report several principles underlying the assembly and topological organization of the highly conserved SAGA and NuA4 co-activator complexes, which share the Tra1 subunit. We show that Tra1 contributes to the overall integrity of NuA4, whereas, within SAGA, it specifically controls the incorporation of the de-ubiquitination module (DUB), as part of an ordered assembly pathway. Biochemical and functional analyses reveal the mechanism by which Tra1 specifically interacts with either SAGA or NuA4. Finally, we demonstrate that Hsp90 and its cochaperone TTT promote Tra1 de novo incorporation into both complexes, indicating that Tra1, the sole pseudokinase of the PIKK family, shares a dedicated chaperone machinery with its cognate kinases. Overall, our work brings mechanistic insights into the assembly of transcriptional complexes and reveals the contribution of dedicated chaperones to this process.
Collective dynamics of strain-coupled nanomechanical pillar resonators
Authors: Doster J. , Hoenl S. , Lorenz H. , Paulitschke P. , Weig E. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSemiconductur nano- and micropillars represent a promising platform for hybrid nanodevices. Their ability to couple to a broad variety of nanomechanical, acoustic, charge, spin, excitonic, polaritonic, or electromagnetic excitations is utilized in fields as diverse as force sensing or optoelectronics. In order to fully exploit the potential of these versatile systems e.g. for metamaterials, synchronization or topologically protected devices an intrinsic coupling mechanism between individual pillars needs to be established. This can be accomplished by taking advantage of the strain field induced by the flexural modes of the pillars. Here, we demonstrate strain-induced, strong coupling between two adjacent nanomechanical pillar resonators. Both mode hybridization and the formation of an avoided level crossing in the response of the nanopillar pair are experimentally observed. The described coupling mechanism is readily scalable, enabling hybrid nanomechanical resonator networks for the investigation of a broad range of collective dynamical phenomena.