bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting problematic transactions in a consumer-to-consumer e-commerce network
Authors: Kodate Shun , Chiba Ryusuke , Kimura Shunya , Masuda Naoki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractProviders of online marketplaces are constantly combatting against problematic transactions, such as selling illegal items and posting fictive items, exercised by some of their users. A typical approach to detect fraud activity has been to analyze registered user profiles, user’s behavior, and texts attached to individual transactions and the user. However, this traditional approach may be limited because malicious users can easily conceal their information. Given this background, network indices have been exploited for detecting frauds in various online transaction platforms. In the present study, we analyzed networks of users of an online consumer-to-consumer marketplace in which a seller and the corresponding buyer of a transaction are connected by a directed edge. We constructed egocentric networks of each of several hundreds of fraudulent users and those of a similar number of normal users. We calculated eight local network indices based on up to connectivity between the neighbors of the focal node. Based on the present descriptive analysis of these network indices, we fed twelve features that we constructed from the eight network indices to random forest classifiers with the aim of distinguishing between normal users and fraudulent users engaged in each one of the four types of problematic transactions. We found that the classifier accurately distinguished the fraudulent users from normal users and that the classification performance did not depend on the type of problematic transaction.
Non-linear source term and scenario for an operational oil spill model
Authors: Chang Kuo-Hsien , Marcotte Guillaume , Pestieau Paul , Legault-Ouellet Éric , Pelletier Yves 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study presents time-varying oil spill discharge functions and scenarios for operational oil spill models. This study prescribes non-linear models based on experimental measurements (Tavakoli et al. in Ocean Eng 38(17–18):1894–1907, 2011) and then upscaled to the spill duration and discharge quantity for actual oil spill incidents. Scenarios consist in collision and grounding incidents for the instantaneous spill mode; light, medium, and severe incidents for the continuous spill mode; spilt, containment, and retention practices for the spill management mode. A performance analysis of deterministic simulations indicates that the non-linear source terms and scenarios present realistic and reasonable results, showing the detailed spill patterns on the surface ocean, tail-off oil sheens along the areas swept by the dispersion and significantly different results when oil spill management and mitigation practices are activated. For oil spill modelling in support of field operations, responders and decision makers should be made aware of the variability of oil sheen spatial patterns induced by the oil spill source term to better interpret simulation results and assess the impact of source uncertainty on the clean-up, mitigation, ecological and socio-economic risk.
Systematic review of outcomes for endoscopic sinus surgery and subsequent aspirin desensitization in aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Ryan Lindsey , Segarra Daniel , Tabor Mark , Parasher Arjun 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo review and evaluate outcomes of patients with aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) following endoscopic sinus surgery and subsequent aspirin desensitization.MethodsElectronic searches of OVID MEDLINE (1948 to September 10, 2019), EMBASE (1980 to September 10, 2019), and PubMed were performed on September 10, 2019. A systematic review of the literature was performed using the 2009 PRISMA guidelines. Studies with both preoperative and postoperative data for patients with AERD who underwent sinus surgery and aspirin desensitization were considered appropriate for inclusion. Publications were written in English and included patients aged 18 years or older.ResultsSix studies met inclusion criteria for this systematic review. The primary outcome measure was change in symptom profile measured by patient‐reported quality of life scores. The results demonstrate statistically significant improvement in symptoms following endoscopic sinus surgery, with sustained improvement following aspirin desensitization. Revision surgery rates were significantly lower in patients maintained on aspirin therapy.ConclusionThis review suggests that surgery followed by aspirin desensitization results in improvement in both subjective and objective outcome measures. The adjunctive use of aspirin desensitization allows for long‐term stability in symptom scores. Recurrence of polyps and worsening symptoms requiring revision surgery occurs when aspirin maintenance therapy is interrupted.
Non-existence of bi-infinite geodesics in the exponential corner growth model
Authors: Balázs Márton , Busani Ofer , Seppäläinen Timo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This
paper gives a self-contained proof of the non-existence of nontrivial bi-infinite geodesics in directed planar last-passage percolation with exponential weights. The techniques used are couplings, coarse graining, and control of geodesics through planarity and estimates derived from increment-stationary versions of the last-passage percolation process.
When the “People” Leave: On the Limits of Nationalist (Bio)Politics in Postwar Bosnia-Herzegovina
Authors: Kurtović Larisa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article examines the social and political effects produced by the most recent wave of emigration in postwar Bosnia, widely understood to be the result of continued political instability and economic decline that followed the 1992–95 war. Drawing on ethnographic research in a deindustrialized Bosnian town and analysis of popular discourses seeking to make sense of this new wave of departures, I show how the phenomenon of postwar exit impacts those staying behind and inspires new forms of reflection that link past histories of violence to more recent forms of dispossession. The emergence of such forms of historical consciousness reveals that postwar migration is haunted both by the memory of wartime expulsions and ethnic cleansing, as well as by the often-unacknowledged violence of postwar economic restructuring glossed as the postsocialist transition. In asking what happens to nationalist regimes, as well as scholarship on nationalist politics, when the “people” leave, I demonstrate the need to analyze the ongoing out-migration both in terms of Bosnia’s historical specificity and global political-economic dynamics. In so doing, I show how absences created by these departures create new vantage points that bring to light and expose unsettling political configurations left behind by the Bosnian war.
A simple differential geometry for complex networks
Authors: Saucan Emil , Samal Areejit , Jost Jürgen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe introduce new definitions of sectional, Ricci, and scalar curvatures for networks and their higher dimensional counterparts, derived from two classical notions of curvature for curves in general metric spaces, namely, the Menger curvature and the Haantjes curvature. These curvatures are applicable to unweighted or weighted and undirected or directed networks and are more intuitive and easier to compute than other network curvatures. In particular, the proposed curvatures based on the interpretation of Haantjes definition as geodesic curvature allow us to give a network analogue of the classical local Gauss–Bonnet theorem. Furthermore, we propose even simpler and more intuitive proxies for the Haantjes curvature that allow for even faster and easier computations in large-scale networks. In addition, we also investigate the embedding properties of the proposed Ricci curvatures. Lastly, we also investigate the behavior, both on model and real-world networks, of the curvatures introduced herein with more established notions of Ricci curvature and other widely used network measures.
Causes and implications of Mid- to Late Holocene relative sea-level change in the Gulf of Kachchh, western India
Authors: Sharma Shubhra , Chauhan Gaurav , Shukla Anil Dutt , Nambiar Romi , Bhushan Ravi , Desai Bhawanisingh G. , Pandey Shilpa , Dabhi Madhavi , Bhandari Subhash , Bhosale Suraj , Lakhote Abhishek , Juyal Navin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe relict intertidal deposits from the Kharod River Estuary, Gulf of Kachchh, and the distal end of Kori Creek are used to infer the Mid- to Late Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) change in western India. Employing sedimentology, geochemistry, palynology, ichnology, and optical and radiocarbon dating, the study suggests the dominance of fluvial activity between 16.5 ± 1.6 and 9.9 ± 0.7 ka. After ~7 ka (7.3 ± 0.4, 6.8 ± 0.5 ka), the sea level showed a positive tendency until 4.7 ± 0.2 ka. The tectonically corrected Mid-Holocene RSL change is estimated as 1.45 ± 0.33 m between ~7 and ~5 ka. The study suggests that the Mid-Holocene RSL high was due to the meltwater contribution from the Himalayan cryosphere, with subordinate contribution from glacio-isostatic adjustment and crustal subsidence. The Late Holocene tectonically corrected RSL change at ~1 ka (1.1 ± 0.1 ka and 1045 ± 175 cal yr BP) is estimated as 0.53 ± 0.43 m. This is ascribed to monsoon wind-driven tidal ingression that might have affected the tidal amplitude positively. The study suggests that the Mid-Holocene RSL change did not play a deterministic role in the abandonment of the Harappan coastal settlements.
To Be or Not To Be … a Global Citizen: Three doctors, three empires, and one subcontinent
Authors: FRENZ MARGRET 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article investigates the circular intra- and transimperial movements of medical experts from colonial India in three imperial settings. The analysis of the trajectories of José Camillo Lisboa, Paramananda Mariadassou, and Mary Poonen Lukose highlights, first, how crucial freedom of movement—not only between parts of the same empire, but also across empire borders and between their metropoles as well as their colonies—was for individuals; secondly, how questions of citizenship, the recognition of degrees and certificates, and notions of gender, race, class, and place of origin played a role in enabling or preventing Indians living in Portuguese, French, or British India from studying or working elsewhere; and thirdly, how this in turn had an effect on their potential social mobility, which depended on the historical contingency of time and place, and the opportunities and limitations in these contexts. The article argues that through their chosen careers and their sociopolitical activities they expanded conventional notions of citizenship and lived as global citizens.
Impact of Cognitive Impairment and Dysarthria on Spoken Language in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Feenaughty Lynda , Guo Ling-Yu , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Ray Meredith , Benedict Ralph H.B. , Tjaden Kris 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:To investigate the impact of cognitive impairment on spoken language produced by speakers with multiple sclerosis (MS) with and without dysarthria.Method:Sixty speakers comprised operationally defined groups. Speakers produced a spontaneous speech sample to obtain speech timing measures of speech rate, articulation rate, and silent pause frequency and duration. Twenty listeners judged the overall perceptual severity of the samples using a visual analog scale that ranged from no impairment to severe impairment (speech severity). A 2 × 2 factorial design examined main and interaction effects of dysarthria and cognitive impairment on speech timing measures and speech severity in individuals with MS. Each speaker group with MS was further compared to a healthy control group. Exploratory regression analyses examined relationships between cognitive and biopsychosocial variables and speech timing measures and perceptual judgments of speech severity, for speakers with MS.Results:Speech timing was significantly slower for speakers with dysarthria compared to speakers with MS without dysarthria. Silent pause durations also significantly differed for speakers with both dysarthria and cognitive impairment compared to MS speakers without either impairment. Significant interactions between dysarthria and cognitive factors revealed comorbid dysarthria and cognitive impairment contributed to slowed speech rates in MS, whereas dysarthria alone impacted perceptual judgments of speech severity. Speech severity was strongly related to pause duration.Conclusions:The findings suggest the nature in which dysarthria and cognitive symptoms manifest in objective, acoustic measures of speech timing and perceptual judgments of severity is complex.
Who Controls the Purse Strings? A Longitudinal Study of Gender and Donations in Canadian Politics
Authors: Tolley Erin , Besco Randy , Sevi Semra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGender gaps in voter turnout and electoral representation have narrowed, but other forms of gender inequality remain. We examine gendered differences in donations: who donates and to whom? Donations furnish campaigns with necessary resources, provide voters with cues about candidate viability, and influence which issues politicians prioritize. We exploit an administrative data set to analyze donations to Canadian parties and candidates over a 25-year period. We use an automated classifier to estimate donor gender and then link these data to candidate and party characteristics. Importantly, and in contrast to null effects from research on gender affinity voting, we find women are more likely to donate to women candidates, but women donate less often and in smaller amounts than men. The lack of formal gendered donor networks and the reliance on more informal, male-dominated local connections may influence women donors’ behavior. Change over a quarter century has been modest, and large gender gaps persist.
Pupil Constrictions and Their Associations With Increased Negative	Affect During Responses to Recalled Memories of Interpersonal	Stress
Authors: Ozawa Sachiyo , Yoshimoto Hiromasa , Okanoya Kazuo , Hiraki Kazuo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Pupil diameter change is indicative of emotional processing. Most previous findings regarding pupillary response and emotion have reported that the pupil enlarges in response to the presentation of emotional perceptual stimuli (e.g., visual images) within several seconds. It is considered that such stimuli activate the sympathetic nervous system, leading to pupil dilation. In order to examine the effects of emotions similar to daily emotional experiences of mood, the present study examined pupil diameter changes and their relationships with subjective emotional changes while recalling a topic of stressful interpersonal events in daily life. The data of 20 university students (11 males, Mage = 20.36 ± 2.38 years; 9 females, Mage = 22.33 ± 3.57) were analyzed. In the experimental task, participants were instructed to recall their memories concerning the topic through instructions and questions presented on a monitor, which proceeded at their own pace, through a key press. Subsequently, after baseline and instruction periods, participants were instructed to freely recall their memories. They were then asked to respond silently to a series of questions concerning the freely recalled memories. In the analysis, we compared the pupil diameters between these different periods and observed that pupil diameters significantly decreased during the response period relative to the free recall or baseline periods. Furthermore, pupil constrictions during the response period were negatively correlated with increases in negative affect scale scores. Pupil constriction, which is indicative of decreased arousal level and parasympathetic activation, was presumably caused by multiple factors including less cognitive difficulty and a relatively long experimental task period. As the result of a less tonic mode in the response period, the attention of participants might be more successfully focused on ongoing tasks, which might lead to optimal performance in recalling memories, possibly leading to correlations between pupil diameter and negative emotional changes.
Increase in Lower Stratospheric Water Vapor in the Past 100 Years Related to Tropical Atlantic Warming
Authors: Xie Fei , Tian Wenshou , Zhou Xin , Zhang Jiankai , Xia Yan , Lu Jinping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLower Stratospheric water vapor (SWV) is one of important drivers of global climate change. Increases and decreases in lower SWV have been found to strengthen and offset global warming effects, respectively. Using several data sets, we find that sea surface temperature (SST) warming in the past 100 years has caused an increase in SWV. SST warming over the tropical Indian Ocean and the western Pacific has resulted in a drier stratosphere. However, tropical Atlantic Ocean warming has resulted in a significantly wetter stratosphere and is the main contributor to the increasing trend of SWV in the past 100 years. The responses of Rossby and Kelvin waves over the Indian Ocean and western Pacific to Atlantic warming have led to a warmer tropopause temperature, resulting in more water vapor entering the stratosphere. This study suggests that SWV trend may simply be the result of a game between warm pool SST and tropical Atlantic SST changes.
Supersaturation in the Wake of a Precipitating Hydrometeor and Its Impact on Aerosol Activation
Authors: Bhowmick Taraprasad , Wang Yong , Iovieno Michele , Bagheri Gholamhossein , Bodenschatz Eberhard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe activation of aerosols impacts the life cycle of a cloud. A detailed understanding is necessary for reliable climate prediction. Recent laboratory experiments demonstrate that aerosols can be activated in the wake of precipitating hydrometeors. However, many quantitative aspects of this wake‐induced activation of aerosols remain unclear. Here, we report a detailed numerical investigation of the activation potential of wake‐induced supersaturation. By Lagrangian tracking of aerosols, we show that a significant fraction of aerosols are activated in the supersaturated wake. These “lucky aerosols” are entrained in the wake's vortices and reside in the supersaturated environment sufficiently long to be activated. Our analyses show that this wake‐induced activation of aerosols can contribute to the life cycle of the clouds.
A New Fractal Approach to Account for Capillary and Adsorption Phenomena in the Water Retention and Transfer Properties of Unsaturated Soils
Authors: Stanić Filip , Delage Pierre , Tchiguirinskaia Ioulia , Versini Pierre‐Antoine , Cui Yu‐Jun , Schertzer Daniel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo describe the water retention and transfer properties of an unsaturated soil over the whole range of matric suction, it is necessary to account for both capillary and adsorption phenomena. Existing models combine well‐known empirical functions for capillary water at lower suctions and more physically based ones for adsorptive water at higher suctions. To determine their full set of parameters, they however require different optimization procedures, among which those coming from capillary models are empirical. In this context, the main objective of this work is to develop a simple and robust physically based model of the water retention and transfer properties of unsaturated soils valid from saturation to oven dryness. To do so, new capillary‐based water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions founded on the fractal approach have been derived from the pore size distribution, by means of the Young‐Laplace law and Mualem's model. To describe adsorption phenomena, these functions are combined with those used in the Peters‐Iden‐Durner (PID) model, providing a model along the full range of suctions, with less parameters than the existing models. Our work also shows that some parameters are directly determined from the experimental grain size distribution data (the fractal dimension), or from the water retention data (air entry suction and residual water content), leaving only two parameters to be optimized. The model was successfully validated with respect to published experimental data from 10 different coarse, sandy, and clayey soils.
Epigenetic modification and a role for the E3 ligase RNF40 in cancer development and metastasis
Authors: Fu Junjiang , Liao Li , Balaji Kyathegowdanadoddi Srinivasa , Wei Chunli , Kim Jaehoon , Peng Jiangzhou 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRNF40 (OMIM: 607700) is a really interesting new gene (RING) finger E3 ubiquitin ligase containing multiple coiled-coil domains and a C-terminal RING finger motif, which engage in protein–DNA and protein–protein interactions. RNF40 encodes a polypeptide of 1001 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 113,678 Da. RNF40 and its paralog RNF20 form a stable heterodimer complex that can monoubiquitylate histone H2B at lysine 120 as well as other nonhistone proteins. Cancer is a major public health problem and the second leading cause of death. Through its protein ubiquitylation activity, RNF40 acts as a tumor suppressor or oncogene to play major epigenetic roles in cancer development, progression, and metastasis, highlighting the essential function of RNF40 and the importance of studying it. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about RNF40 gene structure and the role of RNF40 in histone H2B monoubiquitylation, DNA damage repair, apoptosis, cancer development, and metastasis. We also underscore challenges in applying this information to cancer prognosis and prevention and highlight the urgent need for additional investigations of RNF40 as a potential target for cancer therapeutics.
The influence of circadian rhythms and aerobic glycolysis in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Vallée Alexandre , Lecarpentier Yves , Guillevin Rémy , Vallée Jean-Noël 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntellectual abilities and their clinical presentations are extremely heterogeneous in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The main causes of ASD remain unclear. ASD is frequently associated with sleep disorders. Biologic rhythms are complex systems interacting with the environment and controlling several physiological pathways, including brain development and behavioral processes. Recent findings have shown that the deregulation of the core clock neurodevelopmental signaling is correlated with ASD clinical presentation. One of the main pathways involved in developmental cognitive disorders is the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. Circadian clocks have a main role in some tissues by driving circadian expression of genes involved in physiologic and metabolic functions. In ASD, the increase of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway is enhancing by the dysregulation of circadian rhythms. ASD progression is associated with a major metabolic reprogramming, initiated by aberrant WNT/β-catenin pathway, the aerobic glycolysis. This review focuses on the interest of circadian rhythms dysregulation in metabolic reprogramming in ASD through the aberrant upregulation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway.