bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐Dimensional PdCuRu Alloy Porous Nanosheets as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Varied Electrolytes
Authors: Yuan Mengyu , Xu Hui , Wang Yuan , Jin Liujun , Wang Cheng , Chen Chunyan , Wang Yong , Shang Hongyuan , Du Yukou 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNoble metal materials with favorable electronic and geometric structure are considered as outstanding electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, it is still a grand challenge to increase the specific surface area of the catalyst to expose more active sites from structural advantages and optimize the adsorption/desorption energy of reaction intermediates. Here, we report the design and fabrication of a three‐dimensional (3D) PdCuRu nanostructure that is assembled by porous nanosheets through a facile wet‐chemical and subsequent chemical etching method. Interestingly, the prepared 3D porous nanostructures not only provide a wealth of surface active centers for reactants, but also provide a lot of ways for mass transport and charge transfer. More importantly, the alloy structure effectively optimizes the electronic structures of Ru and Cu, leading them to be favorable for the adsorption/desorption of Hads during HER. As a result, the 3D PdCuRu porous nanosheets (PdCuRu PNSs) display excellent electrocatalytic HER performance in both acidic and alkaline media. It is worth mentioning that the 3D PdCuRu PNSs could also show excellent kinetic stability with negligible activity loss representing a new class a class of promising electrocatalysts for HER.
Sustained perturbation in functional connectivity induced by cold pain
Authors: Makovac Elena , Dipasquale Ottavia , Jackson Jade B. , Medina Sonia , O'Daly Owen , O'Muircheartaigh Jonathan , de Lara Rubio Alfonso , Williams Steven C. R. , McMahon Stephen B. , Howard Matthew A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundFunctional connectivity (FC) perturbations have been reported in multiple chronic pain phenotypes, but the nature of reported changes varies between cohorts and may relate to the consequences of living with chronic‐pain related comorbidities, such as anxiety and depression. Healthy volunteer studies provide opportunities to study the effects of tonic noxious stimulation independently of these sequelae. Connectivity changes in task negative and positive networks, for example, the default mode and salience networks (DMN/SN), respectively, have been described, but how these and other connectivity networks, for example, those governing descending pain control are affected by the presence of tonic, noxious stimulation in healthy, pain‐free individuals, remains unknown.MethodIn 20 healthy volunteers, we assessed FC prior to, during, and following tonic cold painful stimulation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), rostral anterior insula (rAI), subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and periaqueductal grey (PAG). We also recorded subjectively reported pain using a computerised visual analogue scale.ResultsWe saw DMN FC changes during painful stimulation and that inter‐network connectivity between the rAI with the vmPFC increased during pain, whereas PAG‐precuneus FC decreased. Pain‐induced FC alterations persisted following noxious stimulation. FC changes related to the magnitude of individuals' subjectively reported pain.ConclusionsWe demonstrate FC changes during and following tonic cold‐pain in healthy participants. Similarities between our findings and reports of patients with chronic pain suggest that some FC changes observed in these patients may relate to the presence of an ongoing afferent nociceptive drive.SignificanceHow pain‐related resting state networks are affected by tonic cold‐pain remains unknown. We investigated functional connectivity alterations during and following tonic cold pain in healthy volunteers. Cold pain perturbed the functional connectivity of the ventro‐medial prefrontal cortex, anterior insula, and the periacquaductal grey area. These connectivity changes were associated with the magnitude of individuals’ reported pain. We suggest that some connectivity changes described in chronic pain patients may be due to an ongoing afferent peripheral drive.
Respirometric assessment of vegetable tanning process wastewater generated from tanneries
Authors: Balakrishnan Abirami , Kanchinadham Sri Bala Kameswari , Kalyanaraman Chitra 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRegistration, Evaluation, and Authorization of CHemicals (REACH) regulations insist on ready biodegradability information for organic chemicals that are used on a large scale in industries. Leather industry being one such, involves addition of organic chemicals that are obtained from plant extracts for vegetable tanning process. In view of the fact that biodegradability assessment is of paramount importance now for industrial wastewaters, a study was conducted on vegetable tanning process wastewater generated from tanneries. As per the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) methods for ready biodegradability (301 C), respirometer studies were conducted on wastewater containing different tannin concentrations of 540 mg/L (T1), 900 mg/L (T2), and 1350 mg/L (T3). The oxygen uptake rate had shown a sharp initial peak at 74, 102, and 164 mg O2/d for the three samples T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The primary degradation % of tannins was found to be 78%, 50%, and 14% for T1, T2, and T3 respectively. The Chemical Oxygen Demand and Biochemical Oxygen Demand removal efficiency also decreased with increase in tannin concentration. The t1/2 values of tannin, calculated using the first‐order kinetic equation, was 8.8, 10.9, and 12.4 days and the experimentally observed t1/2 values were 9.8, 11.5, and 12.6 days for T1, T2, and T3 respectively. This study establishes that presence of tannins in the aerobic treatment significantly affect the oxygen uptake when the tannin concentration is increased. This study emphasizes that ready biodegradability assessment is essential to establish biodegradability of all the organic chemicals used during leather making process.
If Not Us, Then Who? Evaluators of Color and Social Change
Authors: Reid Aileen M. , Boyce Ayesha S. , Adetogun Adeyemo , Moller J. R. , Avent Cherie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe fiercest advocates for change are often program managers, policymakers, community members, and evaluators who themselves come from the minoritized communities they serve. As evaluators of African descent, we ask, “If not us, then who?” and are compelled to understand how our identities impact our perceived role and evaluation praxis. A survey conducted among evaluators of color who are diverse in age, gender, sector of employment, nation of origin, and years of experience revealed that an evaluator's identity influences their role and evaluation praxis. We argue all evaluators, commissioners of evaluation, and evaluation stakeholders must critically understand how their backgrounds influence the work they do, given that this impacts their engagement and responsiveness to the varying contexts and cultures encountered. We encourage readers to be reflective about how our identity impacts our role, and more importantly, ways we can work to intentionally incite change when working with historically marginalized populations.
The Black Perspective: A Framework for Culturally Competent Health Related Evaluations for African Americans
Authors: Moss Tamarah , Crewe Sandra Edmonds 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter presents the Black Perspective Health Evaluation (BPHE) framework as a cultural lens for conducting evaluations with Federally Qualified Health Centers (FHQC). The consideration of the health encounter as a cultural encounter is central. The evaluator has a role in advocating for social justice and igniting change in health outcomes for marginalized and vulnerable populations served by FHQCs. The six principles of the Howard University School of Social Work's Black Perspective: (1) affirmation, (2) strengths, (3) vivification, (4) diversity, (5) internationalization, and (6) social justice are featured to inform the approach to address persistent health disparities faced by African Americans and peoples of the African Diaspora. The BPHE Checklist template, provides three steps in using the framework including the importance of dissemination of findings. The authors, both social workers, focus on dignity and respect to ensure successful interventions that promote positive health outcomes.
Genomic relationship and physiochemical properties among raw materials used for Thai black garlic processing
Authors: Sunanta Piyachat , Chung Hsiao‐Hang , Kunasakdakul Kaewalin , Ruksiriwanich Warintorn , Jantrawut Pensak , Hongsibsong Surat , Sommano Sarana Rose 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRaw materials used for black garlic (BG) processing were collected from the major garlic production areas in Northern Thailand. Five of those were identified as of Thai origin (accession G1–G5), and accession G6 was of the Chinese variety. They were initially analyzed for varietal differences using morphological characteristics and genetic variation. Fresh materials from each accession were dried to the same moisture content (55%–60%) and BG processed at 75°C, 90% relative humidity (RH) for 15 days. Thereafter, physiochemical and chemical profiles were analyzed and compared. The dendrogram from random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprints grouped G2, G3, G4, and G5 as closely related while G1 and G6 were out‐groups. Prior to BG processing, the pH of fresh garlic was approximately 6.3 and decreased to 3.7, thereafter. The contents of chemical properties were independent with genotypes. BG processing improved phenolic, flavonoid, and antioxidant but the content of thiosulfinate was minimized in all BG samples. Overall, result indicated that garlics grown in Northern Thailand were genotypically variable. BG processing altered physical and chemical appearance, and these changes were independent with the genotypes.
Association between non‐attendance to outpatient clinics and emergency department consultations, hospitalizations and mortality in a Health Maintenance Organization
Authors: Giunta Diego Hernán , Alonso Serena Marina , Luna Daniel , Peroni Maria Leticia , Sanchez Thomas Diego , Binder Fernando , Blugerman Gabriela Alejandra , Fuentes Nora , Elizondo Cristina Maria , Gonzalez Bernaldo de Quirós Fernan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundNon‐attendance to scheduled medical appointments in outpatient clinics is a problem that affects patient health and health‐care systems.ObjectiveEvaluate association of non‐attendance to scheduled appointments in outpatient clinics and Emergency Department (ED) visits, hospitalizations and mortality.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of outpatients enrolled in 2015 to 2016 in the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires HMO with over five scheduled appointments. Individual non‐attendance proportion was obtained by dividing missed over scheduled appointment numbers in the 365 days prior to index date. Outcomes were evaluated with a Cox proportional‐hazards or Fine and Gray model for competing risks. We adjusted by several variables.ResultsSixty‐five thousand two hundred sixty‐five adults were included. Mean age was 63.6 years (SD 18.16), 29.9% male. Outpatients had average 10.18 (SD 5.59) appointments. Non‐attendance the year before the index appointment had a median of 20%. A 10% increase in non‐attendance was significantly associated with ED visits (asHR 1.19; 95%CI 1.08‐1.32, P < .001) and all‐cause mortality (aHR 7.57; 95%CI 4.88‐11.73, P < .001). In the matched subcohort analysis we observed a crude significant association of non‐attendance with ED visits (P < .001) and all‐cause mortality (P < .001).DiscussionOur findings show non‐attendance could be a marker of health events that lead to emergency department evaluations and/or death.
Frida: Portrait of a self
Authors: Fried William 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper is an analysis of the film Frida, based on accounts of the life of the Mexican artist, Frida Kahlo. Frida may be seen as a tragic hero in the mold of Antigone and Elektra. The paper explores the process by which a self may be created, with special emphasis on the uses of portraiture; it delves into the integration of contraries in the life of the protagonist and offers a psychoanalytic view of the way the self evolves under a variety of conditions. Frida's body has been injured and broken by physical trauma; her mind and spirit have also been influenced by this and other painful events. She fantasizes that she will be cured and made whole by her mentor, lover, husband, and betrayer, Diego Rivera. But Diego's adversary is Death, a personified force to whom Frida has given at least an equal measure of her love. It is inevitable that Death will win in this struggle: Frida, the phoenix, is consumed by fire that is her destruction but also a symbol of her unconquerable passion.
The role of the CD39–CD73–adenosine pathway in liver disease
Authors: Wang Sheng , Gao Songsen , Zhou Dexi , Qian Xueyi , Luan Jiajie , Lv Xiongwen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractExtracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a danger signal released by dying and damaged cells, and it functions as an immunostimulatory signal that promotes inflammation. The ectonucleotidases CD39/ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase‐1 and CD73/ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase are cell‐surface enzymes that breakdown extracellular ATP into adenosine. This drives a shift from an ATP‐driven proinflammatory environment to an anti‐inflammatory milieu induced by adenosine. The CD39–CD73–adenosine pathway changes dynamically with the pathophysiological context in which it is embedded. Accumulating evidence suggests that CD39 and CD73 play important roles in liver disease as critical components of the extracellular adenosinergic pathway. Recent studies have shown that the modification of the CD39–CD73–adenosine pathway alters the liver's response to injury. Moreover, adenosine exerts different effects on the pathophysiology of the liver through different receptors. In this review, we aim to describe the role of the CD39–CD73–adenosine pathway and adenosine receptors in liver disease, highlighting potential therapeutic targets in this pathway, which will facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of liver disease.
Novel starfish‐like Mo2C framework as efficient sulfur host for high electrochemical performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhao Song , Wei Zhongbin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are one of the most suitable energy storage devices for electronic requirements due to their high energy density and specific capacity. In the past decades, many researchers have devoted themselves to developing high performance Li–S batteries. However, the application of LiS batteries continues to be hindered because of the severe polysulfide migration upon electrochemical cycles. In this work, novel starfish‐like Molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) framework was prepared and used as cathode host materials for sulfur. Due to the presence of the Mo2C framework, the polysulfide migration can be efficiently inhibited.RESULTSThe as‐prepared Mo2C/S composites exhibited a high initial specific capacity of 1396 mAh g−1 at the current density of 0.1 C. Moreover, the Mo2C/S composites displayed a high capacity of 936 mAh g−1 at 1 C after 300 cycles.CONCLUSIONThe LiS batteries demonstrate superior cycling stability and high specific capacity via using Mo2C/S composites cathode. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Genetic counseling following direct‐to consumer genetic testing: Consumer perspectives
Authors: Marzulla Tessa , Roberts J. Scott , DeVries Raymond , Koeller Diane R. , Green Robert C. , Uhlmann Wendy R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs the use and scope of direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing (DTC GT), also becoming known as consumer‐driven genetic testing, increases, consumers may seek genetic counseling to understand their results and determine healthcare implications. In this study, we interviewed individuals who sought genetic counseling after receiving DTC GT results to explore their motivations, expectations, and experiences. Participants were recruited from the Impact of Personal Genomics (PGen) Study, a longitudinal cohort study of DTC GT customers. We interviewed 15 participants (9 females, mean age = 38 years) by telephone and analyzed the double‐coded transcripts using qualitative methods. Motivations for genetic counseling included family and personal health histories, concern and confusion about results, and information‐seeking; of note, one‐third of our interview participants had Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome Type III (hypermobility type). Expectations of genetic counseling sessions were high. Participants generally saw DTC GT results as valid and potentially impactful for their healthcare, wanted more thorough explanations in “layman’s terms,” a pooling of their results with their family and personal health history and a “game plan.” Several participants had already accessed online resources, including resources typically used by genetics clinicians. Our results point to several elements of a successful DTC GT genetic counseling session: 1) effective contracting when starting the clinic visit, especially determining motivations for genetic counseling, results that are concerning/confusing and resources already accessed; 2) ascertainment and management of expectations and clearly communicating if and why all results may not be reviewed; 3) explaining how DTC GT differs from clinical genetic testing and why additional testing may not be indicated and 4) listening to (not dismissing) patient concerns about their results. For those patients who seek genetic counseling about DTC GT results, the findings from our study can help inform case preparation and provision of genetic counseling.
Learning from others: A low‐cost–high‐impact risk/opportunity identification technique
Authors: Williams Brendan E. , Williams Anne S. , Williams Katherine M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNews for risk/opportunity identification (NfROI) is a tool for practitioners to leverage the journey from a risk management mindset to an enterprise risk management approach. NfROI unleashes the power of storytelling and provides a standardized format to enhance the existing practice of gleaning information from sources such asJHRM, news outlets, social media, and the ASHRM Exchange. A series of 3 examples highlight the advantages of learning from others as a complement to retrospective internal data. The stories have implications across the ASHRM's ERM Framework domains and thereby provide bridges across the pillars in the organizational chart. Learning from others can reduce costs and reveal emerging risks before the direct impact on the organization.
Exploring the carbohydrate‐binding ability of Canavalia bonariensis lectin in inflammation models
Authors: Cavada Benildo S. , Silva Mayara T. L. , Osterne Vinicius J. S. , Pinto‐Junior Vanir R. , Lossio Claudia F. , Madeira Juliana C. , Pereira Maria G. , Leal Rodrigo B. , Ferreira Wandemberg P. , Nascimento Kyria S. , Assreuy Ana M. S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLectins are a group of proteins of non‐immune origin recognized for their ability to bind reversibly to carbohydrates. Researchers have been intrigued by oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates for their involvement as mediators of complex cellular events and then many biotechnological applications of lectins are based on glycocode decoding and their activities. Here, we report a structural and biological study of a ConA‐like mannose/glucose‐specific lectin from Canavalia bonariensis seeds, CaBo. More specifically, we evaluate the binding of CaBo with α‐methyl‐D‐mannoside (MMA) and mannose‐1,3‐α‐D‐mannose (M13) and the resultant in vivo effects on a rat model of acute inflammation. A virtual screening was also carried out to cover a larger number of possible bindings of CaBo. In silico analysis demonstrated the stability of CaBo interaction with mannose‐type ligands, and the lectin was able to induce acute inflammation in rats with the participation of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and histamine release. These results confirm the ability of CaBo to interact with hybrid and high‐mannose N‐glycans, supporting the hypothesis that CaBo's biological activity occurs primarily through its interaction with cell surface glycosylated receptors.
Is it possible to fit extreme climate change indices together seamlessly in the era of accelerated warming?
Authors: Yosef Yizhak , Aguilar Enric , Alpert Pinhas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study examines the problematic impact of selecting a different base period (colder 1961–1990 vs. warmer 1988–2017), on the trend magnitude of widely used percentile‐based extreme temperature indices (e.g., warm/cold spells, warm/cold days and nights). The percentile‐based indices are part of a core set of indices (27 in total) that have become a common standard for monitoring climate change, as recommended by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). The indices were designed to be comparable across regions provided that similar analyses are employed. Unfortunately, the use of different base periods and periods of interest to explore local and global climate change undermines the comparability of findings across regions. When utilizing “day‐count” indices with fixed thresholds, the use of different base/reference periods changes the intercept without influencing the slope (for a given period length). However, this assertion does not hold with percentile‐based indices. Our analyses show that percentile‐based temperature indices (e.g., days with temperature below the 10th or above the 90th percentiles) are particularly susceptible to the problematic use of different base periods. Hence, using percentile‐based indices may have adverse effects on researchers' conclusions. The current paper reports the results of a comparative study that used different base periods for the most commonly used percentile‐based extreme temperature indices. It was found that the (negative) trend magnitude of the cold percentile‐based indices (frequency of cold days and nights and cold spells) is strongly amplified while the (positive) trend magnitude of the warm indices (frequency of warm days and nights and warm spells) is dramatically diminished when percentiles were derived from a base period that included records from the last two decades (e.g., 1981–2010, 1988–2017). These features are even more pronounced when the study period covers only the last 30–40 years.
The role of luxury gastronomy in culinary tourism: An ethnographic study of Michelin‐Starred restaurants in France
Authors: Batat Wided 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of Michelin‐starred chefs as change‐makers and advocates of tourism activities in both rural and urban areas. We conducted a longitudinal ethnographic study in 35 French Michelin‐starred restaurants (1, 2, and 3 Michelin stars) in France from 2014 to 2018. Our results show that there are four significant forms of activities implemented by luxury restaurants to enhance destination attractiveness: (a) designing unique luxury gastronomic experience offerings, (b) promoting terroir products and rural food tourism, (c) gastronomization of rural destinations, and (d) augmenting the media capital of the destination.