bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The competing risk of death and selective survival cannot fully explain the inverse cancer‐dementia association
Authors: Hayes‐Larson Eleanor , Ackley Sarah F. , Zimmerman Scott C. , Ospina‐Romero Monica , Glymour M. Maria , Graff Rebecca E. , Witte John S. , Kobayashi Lindsay C. , Mayeda Elizabeth Rose 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe evaluated whether competing risk of death or selective survival could explain the reported inverse association between cancer history and dementia incidence (incidence rate ratio [IRR] ≈ 0.62‐0.85).MethodsA multistate simulation model of a cancer‐ and dementia‐free cohort of 65‐year‐olds was parameterized with real‐world data (cancer and dementia incidence, mortality), assuming no effect of cancer on dementia (true IRR = 1.00). To introduce competing risk of death, cancer history increased mortality. To introduce selective survival, we included a factor (prevalence ranging from 10% to 50%) that reduced cancer mortality and dementia incidence (IRRs ranged from 0.30 to 0.90). We calculated IRRs for cancer history on dementia incidence in the simulated cohorts.ResultsCompeting risk of death yielded unbiased cancer‐dementia IRRs. With selective survival, bias was small (IRRs = 0.89 to 0.99), even under extreme scenarios.DiscussionThe bias induced by selective survival in simulations was too small to explain the observed inverse cancer‐dementia link, suggesting other mechanisms drive this association.
Comparison of Canola and Soy Flour with Added Isocyanate as Wood Adhesives
Authors: Barzegar Mahsa , Behrooz Rabi , Mansouri Hamid Reza , Najafi Saeed Kazemi , Lorenz Linda F. , Frihart Charles R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCanola is widely grown in the northern latitudes for its vegetable oil, generating large quantities of residual, low value canola flour used as animal feed. The common wood adhesive poly(diphenylmethylene diisocyanate) (pMDI) should react with the wide variety of functional groups in proteins. Therefore, it would seem that canola flour with added pMDI could be an effective adhesive. Two main questions are addressed in this study: How do the wood adhesive properties of canola flour compare to the better‐studied soy flour? How well do proteins, which contain an abundance of functional groups, cure with the very reactive pMDI? These questions were addressed using the small‐scale adhesive strength test ASTM D‐7998, with various adhesive formulations and bonding conditions for canola flour plus pMDI compared to soy adhesives. The more challenging wet cohesive bond strength was emphasized because the dry strengths were usually very good. Generally, soy adhesives were better than canola ones, as was the polyamidoamine‐epichlorohydrin cross‐linker compared to pMDI, but these generalizations can be altered by the conditions selected. Three‐ply plywood tests supported the small‐scale test results.
Microbial lipase production: A deep insight into the recent advances of lipase production and purification techniques
Authors: Fatima Samar , Faryad Amna , Ataa Asia , Joyia Faiz Ahmad , Parvaiz Aqsa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractImportance of enzymes is ever‐rising particularly microbial lipases holding great industrial worth owing to their potential to catalyze a diverse array of chemical reactions in aqueous as well as nonaqueous settings. International lipase market is anticipated to cross USD 797.7 million till 2025, rising at a 6.2% compound annual growth rate from 2017 to 2025. The recent breakthrough in the field of lipase research is the generation of new and upgraded versions of lipases via molecular strategies. For example, integration of rational enzyme design and directed enzyme evolution to attain desired properties in lipases. Normally, purification of lipase with significant purity is achieved through a multistep procedure. Such multiple step approach of lipase purification entails both conventional and novel techniques. The present review attempts to provide an overview of different aspects of lipase production including fermentation techniques, factors affecting lipase production, and purification strategies, with the aim to assist researchers to pick a suitable technique for the production and purification of lipase.
Linoleic acid inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation by activating diffusible signal factor‐mediated quorum sensing
Authors: Kim Han‐Shin , Cha Eunji , Ham So‐Young , Park Jeong‐Hoon , Nam SangJin , Kwon Hongmok , Byun Youngjoo , Park Hee‐Deung 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBacterial biofilm formation causes serious problems in various fields of medical, clinical, and industrial settings. Antibiotics and biocide treatments are typical methods used to remove bacterial biofilms, but biofilms are difficult to remove effectively from surfaces due to their increased resistance. An alternative approach to treatment with antimicrobial agents is using biofilm inhibitors that regulate biofilm development without inhibiting bacterial growth. In the present study, we found that linoleic acid (LA), a plant unsaturated fatty acid, inhibits biofilm formation under static and continuous conditions without inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. LA also influenced the bacterial motility, extracellular polymeric substance production, and biofilm dispersion by decreasing the intracellular cyclic diguanylate concentration through increased phosphodiesterase activity. Furthermore, quantitative gene expression analysis demonstrated that LA induced the expression of genes associated with diffusible signaling factor‐mediated quorum sensing that can inhibit or induce the dispersion of P. aeruginosa biofilms. These results suggest that LA is functionally and structurally similar to a P. aeruginosa diffusible signaling factor (cis‐2‐decenoic acid) and, in turn, act as an agonist molecule in biofilm dispersion.
A “Three‐in‐One” Multifunctional Probe for Bcl‐2/Mcl‐1 Profiling and Visualizing in Situ
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Wang Ziqian , Guo Zongwei , Song Ting , He Nianzhe , Zhu Junjie , Cao Keke , Zhang Zhichao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBcl‐2 and Mcl‐1, the two arms of the anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 family proteins, have been identified as key regulators of apoptosis and effective therapeutic targets of cancer. However, no small‐molecular probe is capable of profiling and visualizing both Bcl‐2 and Mcl‐1 simultaneously in situ. Herein, we report a multifunctional molecular probe (BnN3‐OPD‐Alk) by a “three‐in‐one” molecular designing strategy, which integrated the Bcl‐2/Mcl‐1 binding ligand, fluorescent reporter group and photoreactive group azido into the same scaffold. BnN3‐OPD‐Alk exhibited sub‐micromolar affinities to Bcl‐2/Mcl‐1 and bright green self‐fluorescence. It was then successfully applied for Bcl‐2/Mcl‐1 labeling, capturing, enriching, and bioimaging both in vitro and in cells. This strategy could facilitate the precise early diagnosis and effective therapy of dual Bcl‐2/Mcl‐1‐related diseases.
Supports materialization of Pd based catalysts for NOx removal by hydrogen assisted selective catalytic reduction in the presence of oxygen
Authors: Patel Vivek Kumar , Sharma Sweta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Pt and Pd based bimetallic catalyst are developed to address the NOx reduction activity. For this, a series of supports containing three different amounts of CeO2−MgO (9 : 1, 3 : 1, and 3 : 2) are prepared by the co‐precipitation method, followed by impregnation of Pd metal precursors. The physicochemical properties of the catalytic system are investigated using various techniques such as Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET), X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and H2‐TPR. Among all, Pd/CeO2−MgO (3 : 1) gave the best NOx reduction activity. Furthermore, the effects of hydrogen concentration (0.2–0.8 vol %) on NOx reduction were tested. It was found that 0.8 vol % of H2 shows the highest NOx conversion. Subsequently, the successive impregnation of Pt metal over Pd based catalyst enhanced the catalytic properties. The bimetallic Pt−Pd/CeO2−MgO (3 : 1) catalyst showed an 89 % NOx reduction with about 97 % N2 selectivity in broad temperature windows (100–300 °C).
Boronate Covalent and Hybrid Organic Frameworks Featuring PIII and P=O Lewis Base Sites
Authors: Pacholak Piotr , Gontarczyk Krzysztof , Kamiński Radosław , Durka Krzysztof , Luliński Sergiusz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Sergiusz Luliński and his co‐workers from Warsaw University of Technology and University of Warsaw. The image depicts a journey through the interior of the porous Covalent Organic Framework containing phosphorus and boron centres with carbon dioxygen trapped inside an imagined cave. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202001960.
Oligo‐Quinolylene–Vinylene Foldamers
Authors: Wang Jinhua , Wicher Barbara , Maurizot Victor , Huc Ivan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractQuinoline based aromatic amide foldamers are known to adopt stable folded conformations. We have developed a synthetic approach to produce similar oligomers where all amide bonds, or part of them, have been replaced by an isosteric vinylene group. The results of solution and solid state structural studies show that oligomers exclusively containing vinylene linkages are not well folded, and adopt predominantly flat conformations. In contrast, a vinylene segment flanked by helical oligoamides also folds in a helix, albeit with a slightly lower curvature. The presence of vinylene functions also result in an extension of π‐conjugation across the oligomer that may change charge transport properties. Altogether, these results pave the way to foldamers in which both structural control and specific electronic properties may be engineered.
Cardiac and renal biomarkers in recreational runners following a 21 km treadmill run
Authors: Yeo Tee Joo , Ling Lieng H. , Lam Carolyn Su Ping , Chong Jenny Pek Ching , Liew Oi Wah , Teo Zhen Long , Gong Lingli , Richards Arthur Mark , Chan Mark Y. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundHighly trained athletes running 42 km or more demonstrate elevated cardiac biomarkers, ventricular dysfunction, and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Whether similar changes occur in the much larger population of recreational runners following half‐marathon distance running is unclear.HypothesisRecreational runners exhibit changes in myocardial and renal biomarkers, including ventricular strain, after a half‐marathon treadmill run.Methods10 recreational subjects (mean age 36.5 ± 6.5 years) ran 21 km on a treadmill (mean completion time 121.6 ± 16.1 minutes). Serum high‐sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT), amino‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), creatinine, and neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) were measured prior to, 1 hour post‐, and 24 hours post‐exercise. Pre‐ and post‐exercise echocardiograms were performed.ResultsAll biomarkers increased 1 hour post‐exercise: hsTnT by 8.5 ± 8.5 pg/ml (P < .05), NT‐ProBNP by 26.2 ± 22.8 pg/ml (P < .05) and NGAL by 29.5 ± 37.7 ng/ml (P=NS). By 24 hours post‐run, these biomarkers declined toward baseline levels. Right ventricle (RV) free wall and left ventricle global longitudinal strain decreased by 5.5% and 1.8%, respectively (P < .001). Changes in NGAL correlated well with changes in serum creatinine (R = 0.79, P < .01) and GFR (R = −0.73, P < .05). Faster 21 km completion times, and a larger reduction in post‐exercise RV strain, were associated with higher NGAL levels: (R = −0.75, P = .01) and (R = 0.66, P < .05), respectively.ConclusionA 21 km run in recreational runners is associated with transient ventricular stunning and reversible changes in myocardial and renal biomarkers. Whether repeated bouts of similar activity contributes to chronic cardiac or kidney dysfunction deserves further evaluation.
Reasons for missed chemotherapy appointments in retinoblastoma patients undergoing chemotherapy: A report from a Tertiary Care Hospital from India
Authors: Gupta Aditya Kumar , Meena Jagdish Prasad , Seth Rachna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundDelays in chemotherapy due to missed‐appointments can lead to sub‐optimal outcomes in any cancer. Missed appointments or delayed follow up are an important concern in the treatment of pediatric cancers as it compromises the patient's health and overall outcomes.AimThis study was conducted to understand the reasons responsible for missed‐appointments in Retinoblastoma (RB) patients scheduled for daycare based chemotherapy.MethodsWe prospectively recorded the causes for missed‐appointments in RB patients from February 2018 to September 2018. A delay of more than 48‐hours from the pre‐scheduled date of chemotherapy was categorized as a “missed‐appointment.”ResultsOut of 870 scheduled visits of patients with RB for chemotherapy to our center, there were 122 (14%) instances of missed‐appointments during the study period. There were 40 instances (4.6%) where the patient had missed‐appointments (possibly avoidable reasons). These 40 instances occurred in 33 patients who had a median age of 29 months (IQR 22.5‐51.5 m) with 22 males. Six patients lived within 100 km of the treating center, 12 lived between 100 and 500 km, and 15 patients lived beyond 500 km. The median length of delay was 13.75 days (IQR‐7‐20.75 days). Twenty‐seven patients used a train as a means of transport, and 10 used the state‐bus. The main cause of delay was the illness of other family members (52.5%) followed by financial issues (27.5%), transport‐related problems (10%), and absence of an adult to accompany (10%).ConclusionCauses for missed‐appointments for chemotherapy in RB patients were multifactorial and included the illness of other family members, financial issues, distance/transport‐related problems, and no caregiver to accompany. The future study with a large sample size with a multicenter design is needed to confirm the results of the current study and to know the deficiency in the improvement of the follow‐up RB patients.
Meaning‐making as a mediator of anxiety and depression reduction during cognitive behavioral therapy intervention in participants with adjustment disorders
Authors: Marco José H. , Alonso Sandra , Baños Rosa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere is a consensus among researchers about the link between low meaning in life and anxiety and depressive symptoms. One unanswered question is whether meaning‐making is a mediator of the change in anxiety and depression symptoms in participants with adjustment disorders during cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) treatment. The aims of this study were (a) to analyse whether there was meaning‐making during the application of the CBT, (b) to analyse whether meaning‐making was a mediator of anxiety psychopathology and (c) to analyse whether meaning‐making was a mediator of depressive symptoms. The sample was composed of 115 patients who satisfied the full Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)‐5 criteria for adjustment disorder as their primary diagnosis and completed CBT treatment in a primary care mental health service: 74.78% women, n = 86, and 25.22% men, n = 29, with a mean age of 41.89 (standard deviation [SD] = 10.39) years. The diagnosis was established using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐5 (SCID‐5), and participants filled out the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory and Purpose in Life questionnaires. The therapists were clinical psychologists with experience in clinical assessment. A repeated‐measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two mediation analyses using the bootstrap method were performed. The results indicated that (a) There was meaning‐making during the CBT because the treated sample showed a statistically significant improvement in meaning in life, and (b) meaning‐making during the CBT was a partial mediator between anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms before and after the treatment. The present study suggests that meaning in life could be an important variable in the psychopathology of adjustment disorders.
Tri‐Functional Double Perovskite Oxide Catalysts for Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers
Authors: Kumar Baral Ashok , Vijaya Sankar Kalimuthu , Matatyaho Asia , Kushnir Gil , Tsur Yoed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPerovskite oxides are at the forefront of the race to develop catalysts/electrodes for fuel cells and electrolyzers. This work presents trifunctional properties of the double‐perovskite oxide PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O5+δ and the PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O5+δ−Ag composite prepared by the glycine nitrate process. The electrocatalytic studies reveal that the Ag‐based composite is an excellent catalyst for both oxygen evolution (OER) and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) in alkaline solution. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis through distribution function of relaxation times (DFRT) suggests that the improved activity originates from the suppression of resistance contributed by various relaxation processes. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics in these oxide‐based cathodes has been studied by performing symmetric‐cell measurements at high temperatures using both oxygen‐ion and proton‐conducting cells. DC bias dependence of charge‐transfer processes, oxygen‐surface kinetics, polarization resistances, and activation energies are revealed by DFRT studies. Ag addition in PrBa0.5Sr0.5Co1.5Fe0.5O5+δ leads to enhanced kinetics of OER, HER, and ORR.
Sustainable Shape‐Memory Polyurethane from Abietic Acid: Superior Mechanical Properties and Shape Recovery with Tunable Transition Temperatures
Authors: Gnanasekar Pitchaimari , Chen Jing , Goswami Shrestha Roy , Chen Heyu , Yan Ning 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA new chemical architecture from abietic acid, consisting of a cycloaliphatic unsaturated terminal diisocyanate (AADI) structure, is synthesized and fully characterized. The AADI is then used to construct an amorphous and biocompatible shape‐memory polyurethane (SMPU) network system with adjustable cross‐linking densities over a wide range. The SMPU network exhibits good shape‐memory properties with a shape fixing rate of greater than 98 % and a shape recovery rate of 95 %. In vitro hydrolytic biodegradation weight loss ratio of SMPUs reaches 71 % within eight weeks. The physical properties of these SMPUs are comparable to those reported for SMPUs obtained from commercially available petroleum‐derived diisocyanates. This is the first time that multiple SMPU networks based on abietic acid have been reported. These environmentally‐friendly SMPUs display a wide range of physicomechanical properties with promising hydrolytic degradability, showing good potential for practical application.
Dispersal limitation and fire feedbacks maintain mesic savannas in Madagascar
Authors: Goel Nikunj , Van Vleck Erik S. , Aleman Julie C. , Staver A. Carla 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMadagascar is regarded by some as one of the most degraded landscapes on Earth, with estimates suggesting that 90% of forests have been lost to indigenous Tavy farming. However, the extent of this degradation has been challenged: paleoecological data, phylogeographic analysis, and species richness indicate that pyrogenic savannas in central Madagascar predate human arrival, even though rainfall is sufficient to allow forest expansion into central Madagascar. These observations raise a question—if savannas in Madagascar are not anthropogenic, how then are they maintained in regions where the climate can support forest? Observation reveals that the savanna–forest boundary coincides with a dispersal barrier—the escarpment of the Central Plateau. Using a stepping‐stone model, we show that in a limited dispersal landscape, a stable savanna–forest boundary can form because of fire–vegetation feedbacks. This phenomenon, referred to as range pinning, could explain why eastern lowland forests have not expanded into the mesic savannas of the Central Highlands. This work challenges the view that highland savannas in Madagascar are derived by human‐lit fires and, more importantly, suggests that partial dispersal barriers and strong nonlinear feedbacks can pin biogeographical boundaries over a wide range of environmental conditions, providing a temporary buffer against climate change.
Implementation of sacubitril/valsartan in Sweden: clinical characteristics, titration patterns, and determinants
Authors: Fu Michael , Vedin Ola , Svennblad Bodil , Lampa Erik , Johansson Daniel , Dahlström Ulf , Lindmark Krister , Vasko Peter , Lundberg Anna , Costa‐Scharplatz Madlaina , Lund Lars H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study is to study the introduction of sacubitril/valsartan (sac/val) in Sweden with regards to regional differences, clinical characteristics, titration patterns, and determinants of use and discontinuation.Methods and resultsA national cohort of heart failure was defined from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and National Patient Register. A subcohort with additional data from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry (SwedeHF) was also studied. Cohorts were subdivided as per sac/val prescription and registration in SwedeHF. Median sac/val prescription rate was 20 per 100 000 inhabitants. Between April 2016 and December 2017, we identified 2037 patients with ≥1 sac/val prescription, of which 1144 (56%) were registered in SwedeHF. Overall, patients prescribed with sac/val were younger, more frequently male, and had less prior cardiovascular disease than non‐sac/val patients. In SwedeHF subcohort, patients prescribed with sac/val had lower ejection fraction. Overall, younger age [hazard ratio 2.81 (95% confidence interval 2.45–3.22)], registration in SwedeHF [1.97 (1.83–2.12)], male gender [1.50 (1.37–1.64)], ischaemic heart disease [1.50 (1.39–1.62)], lower left ventricular ejection fraction [3.06 (2.18–4.31)], and New York Heart Association IV [1.50 (1.22–1.84)] were predictors for sac/val use. As initiation dose in the sac/val cohort, 38% received 24/26 mg, 54% 49/51 mg, and 9% 97/103 mg. Up‐titration to the target dose was achieved in 57% of the overall cohort over a median follow‐up of 6 months. The estimated treatment persistence for any dose at 360 days was 82%.ConclusionsImplementation of sac/val in Sweden was slow and varied five‐fold across different regions; younger age, male, SwedeHF registration, and ischaemic heart disease were among the independent predictors of receiving sac/val. Overall, treatment persistence and tolerability was high.
A bright side of sadness: The depolarizing role of sadness in intergroup conflicts
Authors: Gur Tamar , Ayal Shahar , Halperin Eran 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntractable conflicts constitute violent and threatening environments that lead to intense emotions and polarized attitudes. Sadness is one emotion frequently elicited by the price of such conflicts. This investigation characterized the effects of sadness on conflict‐related information processing and attitudes in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Findings from four experimental studies suggest that both incidental and integral sadness can induce a depolarization of political attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 163), sadness reduced the effect of political ideology on conflict‐related decisions. Sadness reduced the effect of political ideology on in‐group bias in resource allocation in Studies 2 (N = 213) and 4 (N = 274), willingness to negotiate in Studies 1 and 3 (N = 174), and openness to information supporting the out‐group's perspective (Study 4). Overall, in addition to its more negative implications, these results suggest that sadness (compared to both the non‐emotional and anger conditions) may have a bright side, since it may induce depolarization of political attitudes in intractable conflicts.