bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-Related Outcomes of Arthroscopic Resection of Ganglion Cysts of the Wrist
Authors: d'Ailly Philip N. , Koopman Jaimy E. , Selles Caroline A. , Rahimtoola Zulfiquar O. , Schep Niels W.L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background Ganglion cysts of the wrist can cause pain and loss of functionality. No consensus exist on optimal treatment. Arthroscopic resection shows promising results but is poorly studied. Furthermore, only few studies have used patient-related outcomes to evaluate arthroscopic treatment.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess patient-related outcomes following arthroscopic resection of wrist ganglion cysts.
Patients and Methods This was a retrospective study of all consecutive patients that underwent arthroscopic resection of a dorsal or volar wrist ganglion. Minimum follow-up was 6 months. The primary outcome was the patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE). Secondary outcomes were recurrence rate and complications.
Results A total of 53 patients were included with a mean follow-up of 13 months (interquartile range: 6–23 months). Twenty-six patients (49%) presented with a recurrence following prior treatment. Mean PRWE was 13 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.8), with no difference between patients with dorsal or volar ganglion cysts. There were five recurrences (9%), of which three occurred in the first five patients who were operated. There were three patients with complications (6%), consisting of neuropraxia, extensor carpi ulnaris tendinitis, and painful scar tissue.
Conclusion Arthroscopic resection results in good patient-related outcome and low complication and recurrence rates when performed by an experienced surgeon. Recurrence and complication rates are similar to arthroscopic resections described in literature and superior to open resection and needle aspiration. Well-designed randomized clinical trials will be necessary to confirm these findings.
Level of Evidence This is a level IV, retrospective study.
Infertility Treatment in COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Puri Suman , Kaur Gagandeep 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Coronavirus pandemic has had a great impact on various health sectors including pregnancy and infertility treatments like in vitro fertilization (IVF), in utero insemination (IUI), ovulation-induction, laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, and assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Due to the current situation in the COVID-19 pandemic and the relaxation permitted by the government, allowing nonessential services in a gradual manner, infertility services are being resumed according to the guidelines set by the ministry of health and family welfare. To meet the demands of current situation, the patient and the staff should be triaged. Only those patients should be undertaken who are tested or screened negative. Diagnostic evaluation is done using RT-PCR and the testing should be done at the commencement of treatment, that is, on day 2 of IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycle. Repeat test is done before the hCG trigger. The husband also needs testing at least once during the cycle, preferably at the start of the cycle. If the donor tests positive for COVID-19, the cycle should be cancelled. Universal good practices should be followed in laboratory also by each staff, which includes use of proper personal protective equipment (PPE) like eye protectors, FFP-2 or N-95 face masks, double gloves, shoe covers, disposable impermeable gowns, and face shields. The sanitization of the laboratory environment, equipment and devices should be done with appropriate nonembryotoxic disinfectants at the end of each procedure. COVID-19 has actually changed the way infertility treatment is being provided, keeping in view the safety of both the doctors and the patient.
Family Presence and Visitation Practices in Latin American PICUs: An International Survey
Authors: González-Dambrauskas Sebastián , Mislej Cecilia , Vásquez-Hoyos Pablo , Rotta Alexandre Tellechea 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOver the last two decades, there has been a worldwide cultural shift toward family-centered intensive care. In this article, we conducted a survey of 47 pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) across 11 Latin American countries to assess visitation practices and bedside family presence (with a 97.9% response rate). All PICUs had at least some form of parental visitation. The prevalence of unrestricted (24 hours/day) parental visitation was 63%. Sibling visitation was permitted in 23% of PICUs, while 35% allowed family presence during procedures, and 46% during resuscitation. Only 1 PICU allowed pet visitation. Family visitation and bedside presence are still restrictive in Latin American PICUs, with wide practice variation among the various intensive care units.
Verb classes in Horpa
Authors: Honkasalo Sami 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Based on argument indexation properties, this paper offers a model of four verb classes for Geshiza and Stau, two closely related and endangered Horpa lects spoken in Sichuan. Despite increased awareness and interest in Horpa, no exhaustive classification of verbs from the viewpoint of argument indexation has been offered. Even though argument indexation itself has been discussed in previous scholarship, the striking diversity of argument indexation patterns has not been addressed. It is shown that both Geshiza and Stau, the two lects chosen as the sample for this study, share the same verb classes, even though the class assignment of individual cognate verbs occasionally varies. The paper also describes how semantic and animacy features inherent in verbs, most prominently compatibility with human S and P arguments resulting in compatibility with speech act participants, play a crucial role in verb class assignment. Establishing a framework for Horpa verb classes helps in the ongoing descriptive work of these languages. In addition, it offers new material for typological studies of argument indexation.
Nanoscale structural analysis of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3
Authors: Yoneda Yasuhiro , Taniguchi Hiroki , Noguchi Yuji 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The determination of local atomic structure at nanoscale for inhomogeneous systems is challenging. The local arrangement of atoms needs to be studied to understand the local or short-range order structures for disordered materials with a lack of long-range order periodicity. Pair distribution function (PDF) analysis is a technique, that is used to study the short-range order structure of materials: this technique is based on the evaluation of local atomic arrangement using synchrotron and neutron sources. An attempt was made to determine the local arrangement at 20 nm-scale for a typical relaxor ferroelectric material, Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN). The PDF technique was employed owing to the limited structural coherence in this disordered material. It was determined that there are three types of structures depending on the distance. A glass-like network structure was observed as a short-range order structure owing to the large off-center shift of lead atoms. With an increase in distance, the structure of PMN changed from rhombohedral to cubic. Using the above-mentioned approach, we elucidated the process of local structure averaging.
Promising room temperature thermoelectric conversion efficiency of zinc-blende AgI from first principles
Authors: Bulut Pınar , Beceren Berna , Yıldırım Serbülent , Sevik Cem , Gürel Tanju 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The theoretical investigation on structural, vibrational, and electronic properties of zinc-blende (ZB) AgI were carried out employing first principles density functional theory calculations. Thermoelectric properties then were predicted through semi-classical Boltzmann transport equations within the constant relaxation time approximation. Equilibrium lattice parameter, bulk modulus, elastic constants, and vibrational properties were calculated by using generalized gradient approximation. Calculated properties are in good agreement with available experimental values. Electronic and thermoelectric properties were investigated both with and without considering spin–orbit coupling (SOC) effect which is found to have a strong influence on p-type Seebeck coefficient as well as the power factor of the ZB–AgI. By inclusion of SOC, a reduction of the band-gap and p-type Seebeck coefficients as well as the power factor was found which is the indication of that spin–orbit interaction cannot be ignored for p-type thermoelectric properties of the ZB–AgI. By using deformation potential theory for electronic relaxation time and experimentally predicted lattice thermal conductivity, we obtained a ZT value 1.69 (0.89) at 400 K for n-type (p-type) carrier concentration of 1.5 × 1018 (4.6 ×1019) cm−3 that makes ZB–AgI as a promising room temperature thermoelectric material.
Remotely teaching Arduino by means of an online simulator
Authors: La Rocca P , Riggi F , Pinto C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The sudden shift to distance forms of teaching experienced during the COVID-19 lockdown has brought to light a large variety of digital educational tools. In this paper we present a real teaching experience on how it is possible to remotely teach the basics of the Arduino microcontroller by means of an online simulator.
Classical tests of general relativity II: looking to the past to understand the present
Authors: Pinochet Jorge 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The objective of this second part of the work is to present heuristic derivations of the three classical tests of general relativity. These derivations are based on the Einstein equivalence principle and use Newtonian physics as a theoretical framework. The results obtained are close to Einstein’s original predictions. Historical and anecdotal aspects of the subject are also discussed.
Analysis of the dark current distribution of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensors in the presence of metal contaminants
Authors: Polignano M L , Russo F , Moccia G , Nardone G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We have analysed the effects of intentional metal contamination on the dark current of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensors. A few contaminants (molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, titanium, copper) have been selected for this study, because they previously showed the most relevant impact on the dark current. The dependence of the dark current on temperature has been analysed in contaminated diodes from different regions of the dark current distribution. The generation current is always dominant in the diodes contaminated with the metals in this study, whether diodes in the peak of the distribution or in high current tails are considered. Diodes contaminated with slow diffusers never deviate from a diffusion-generation model of the current vs temperature. Copper contaminated diodes are the only example showing a limited but significant contribution approximately independent of temperature, which can be ascribed to a local tunnel current due to copper precipitates.
From the point of view of dark current spectroscopy, this analysis shows that a correct identification of the dominant impurity is more easily obtained if diodes in the peak region of the dark current distribution are analysed. Indeed, in these diodes the generation current is characterized by an energy level which is a fingerprint of the dominant impurity. Vice versa, in high current diodes the dominant energy level can be different from this level, though the generation current is even more important in these diodes.
Phonon properties and photo-thermal oxidation of micromechanically exfoliated antimonene nanosheets
Authors: Fickert Michael , Assebban Mhamed , Canet-Ferrer Josep , Abellán Gonzalo 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) sheets of antimonene have attracted increasing attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties prompting potential for diverse applications. We present a facile method to prepare high-quality antimonene nanosheets (ANSs) by micromechanical exfoliation on SiO2/Si substrate. The temperature- and laser power-dependent Raman studies of exfoliated ANSs are reported and analyzed. It was found that both the out-of-plane A1g and the in-plane Eg modes red-shift linearly with increase in temperature, pointing towards anharmonic vibrations of the lattice. The thermal response of the ANSs on a SiO2/Si surface is also described using numerical simulation of the heat transfer to study their laser-induced oxidation mechanisms. These results offer a deeper understanding of the phonon properties and oxidation susceptibility of 2D antimonene paving the way for the development of antimonene-based technologies, such as electronic devices or photothermal cancer therapy.
Grain refinement and the microstructure evolution of Mg–9Al–5Ca alloy solidified under permanent magnetic stirring
Authors: Ji Huanming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To achieve the grain refinement of the as-cast Mg–9Al–5Ca alloy and understand the microstructure evolution during the grain refinement process, the permanent magnetic stirring(PMS) was applied to the solidification process of the alloy and the water-quenched experiment was carried out. The experimental results show that, the as-cast microstructure of Mg–9Al–5Ca alloy can be refined by PMS, and the better effect of grain refinement could be obtained with the increase of stirring rate. After applied PMS, the cooling of the melt is improved and the whole solidification time of the alloy is reduced. During the solidification process with PMS, there are more dendrite fragments produced in the melt and more initial dendrite grains at mold wall detached due to the forced convection, and then the grains would gradually grow into the fine and rose-like grains, which lead to the grain refinement of the as-cast alloy.
Enhancement of photosensitivity of thermally evaporated crystalline PbS thin films by low energy oxygen ions implantation
Authors: Gaur Jyotshana , Sharma Hitesh Kumar , Tyagi Shrestha , Tyagi Chetna , Vashishtha Pargam , Sharma Sanjeev K , Singh Beer Pal 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study presents the effect of low energy (120 KeV) O-ions implantation on the photosensitivity of PbS thin films by vacuum thermal evaporator (VTE). The crystallite size (D) of PbS films decreased from 32.8 nm to 17.4 nm and the bandgap (E
g) increased from 1.61 eV to 1.76 eV as the fluence increased from 0.5 × 1016 ions cm−2 to 1.5 × 1016 ions cm−2. The PL spectra of O-ions implanted PbS thin films showed a dominant peak at 381 nm regardless the fluence of implantation. The photocurrent sharply increased by the implantation of O-ions (0.5 × 1016 ions cm−2) due to the creation of ‘shallow traps’ in the forbidden gap of PbS thin films under illumination of visible light (100 mW cm−2). The highest photosensitivity of O-ions implanted PbS thin films was observed due to the creation of proper traps for the photoconduction for the particular dose of 0.5 × 1016 ions cm−2.
Exploratory Study of the Effectiveness of Granulocyte and Monocyte Adsorptive Apheresis Before Initiation of Steroids in Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis (EXPECT Study): A Multicenter Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Kakimoto Kazuki , Matsuura Minoru , Fukuchi Takumi , Hongo Hitoshi , Kimura Tsuguhiro , Aoyama Nobuo , Okuda Yorihide , Aomatsu Kazuki , Kamata Noriko , Yokoyama Yoko , Mizuno Chiemi , Inoue Takuya , Miyazaki Takako , Nakamura Shiro , Higuchi Kazuhide , Nakase Hiroshi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis (GMA) has been used for therapy of steroid-dependent/refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of GMA in UC patients not receiving steroids.

Methods
We conducted a single-arm, open-label, and multicenter prospective clinical trial. UC patients who had insufficient responses to 5-aminosalicylic acid received GMA twice a week for 5 weeks.

Results
The response rate of all patients was 58.2% (39/67). Of the 39 patients who achieved a response, 74.4% achieved endoscopically confirmed mucosal healing.

Conclusions
GMA shows effectiveness in inducing remission in UC patients not receiving steroid.
Challenging software developers: dialectic as a foundation for security assurance techniques
Authors: Weir Charles , Rashid Awais , Noble James 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Development teams are increasingly expected to deliver secure code, but how can they best achieve this? Traditional security practice, which emphasizes ‘telling developers what to do’ using checklists, processes and errors to avoid, has proved difficult to introduce. From analysis of industry interviews with a dozen experts in app development security, we find that secure development requires ‘dialectic’: a challenging dialog between the developers and a range of counterparties, continued throughout the development cycle. Analysing a further survey of 16 industry developer security advocates, we identify the six assurance techniques that are most effective at achieving this dialectic in existing development teams, and conclude that the introduction of these techniques is best driven by the developers themselves. Concentrating on these six assurance techniques, and the dialectical interactions they involve, has the potential to increase the security of development activities and thus improve software security for everyone.
26 PREDICTION OF PREOPERATIVE CHEMOTHERAPY FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Tanaka T , Ogawa R , Hayakawa S , Fujihata S , Nakaya S , Okubo T , Sagawa H , Matsuo Y , Takiguchi S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Currently, preoperative chemotherapy is usually done for advanced esophageal cancer according to guidelines. It is still difficult to predict the effect of chemotherapy before the chemotherapy. If the effect would be poor, the patient may miss the possibility of treatment. We have been examining the possibility of predicting the chemotherapy effect based on test results before and during chemotherapy. In this study we used artificial intelligence to predict the effect of chemotherapy.

Methods
80 patients who underwent preoperative chemotherapy for esophageal cancer in our department from 2012 to 2019. We predict the chemotherapy effect according to age, sex, type of chemotherapy (FP/DCF), number of chemotherapy, T, M, N, blood examination results before chemotherapy as WBC, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, hemoglobin, platelets, total protein, Albumin, CRP, IgG, IgA, IgM, IL6, creatinine, lowest WBC, neutrophil and lymphocyte count, during chemotherapy. The effect of chemotherapy was classified: CR, PR, and PD. Prediction were performed using MatLab R2019b classification learner and Neural Net Pattern Recognition.

Results
The actual effect was CR/PR/SD/PD = 0/33/42/5 cases. The correct answer rate was 66.3% for the optimized tree model, 66.3% for the optimized Naïve Bayesian model, 67.5% for the optimized SVM model, and 56.3% for the optimized ensemble model. With optimized SVM, the sensitivity to predict PD was 20%, specificity was 94.5%, and AUC was 0.83. Moreover, the sensitivity to predict PR was 75.8%, and the specificity was 76.6%. With Neural Net Pattern Recognition, the correct answer rate was 90%, and the sensitivity to predict PD was 20%, specificity was 94.7%.

Conclusion
In this study, Neural Net Pattern Recognition as a deep learning model could predict the effect of preoperative chemotherapy more accurately than that of classification learner. The poor prediction of PD was due to the small number of teacher models, and the prediction of PR with many teacher models was more accurate. We will add more teacher models, and establish a prediction model that can be used clinically for both sensitivity and specificity.
416 A NARRATIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF POSTOPERATIVE REHABILITATION FOLLOWING SURGERY FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
Authors: Prasad P , Hardy K , Chmelo J , Navidi M , Phillips A 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Esophagectomy is a complex procedure with associated high levels of morbidity. Rehabilitation programmes are being developed and increasingly utilised in the perioperative period and comprise a variety of physical, nutritional and psychological interventions. Such strategies may help reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, mitigate sarcopenia, prevent progressive frailty and restore quality of life. This systematic review aimed to identify and analyse studies reporting outcomes of post-esophagectomy rehabilitative interventions.

Methods
Major reference databases (PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Google scholar) were interrogated and a systematic search with a pre-defined search strategy was performed up until January 2020. All eligible articles were screened in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Study quality was assessed using the MINORS (Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies) criteria for cohort studies and the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised studies.

Results
Three studies (n = 1 pilot study; n = 1 feasibility study and n = 1 randomised controlled trial) including some 108 patients were included in this narrative review, of whom 64 patients had undergone esophagectomy. Rehabilitative strategies utilised included a combination of physical activities such as walking and low- to moderate-intensity exercises, dietary counselling, psychological support and occupational therapy input. There was wide variation in the outcomes assessed between studies. Postoperative physical activity with exercises consistently demonstrated maximum positive impact upon cardiopulmonary fitness. The median MINORS score for included studies was 9 (8-10) and the risk of bias in the included randomised trial was low.

Conclusion
There is a paucity of data currently to help determine the impact that rehabilitation may have on clinical outcomes and quality of life following esophagectomy. While improved physical function has been demonstrated, there is a need to determine which interventions patients deem most important and acceptable to help them return to as close to baseline as possible. Additionally, there is a need to further understand the impact rehabilitation may have upon long-term outcomes.
438 THE IMPACT OF ROUTE OF RECONSTRUCTION FOLLOWING THREE PHASE ESOPHAGECTOMY: AN UPDATED PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Wong C , Luk Y , Chan D , Wong I , Chan F , Law B , Law S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

The retrosternal space (RS) and posterior mediastinum (PM) are the two common routes for reconstruction after three-phase esophagectomy. It remains controversial if the choice of route impacts on post-operative outcome. This study aims to compare the two routes in the era of increased application of multimodal therapy.

Methods
In a single tertiary center, patients who had squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and underwent three-phase esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction via either the RS or PM routes between 2002 and 2017 were studied. Patient demographics, surgical outcomes and survival were analyzed from a prospectively managed database.

Results
345 patients were included (271 men); RS 73 and PM group 272. Demographics were not different. Between RS and PM, proportion of neoadjuvant therapy (59%vs.63%, p = 0.536) and thoracoscopic resection (61.6% vs.72%, p = 0.116) were comparable. More advanced disease was found in RS, with fewer R0 resections (36.9% vs.90%, p &lt; 0.001) and more advanced pT&pN stages (p = 0.000&0.008).
Operative results were presented in Table 1. In the RS group, there was more blood loss (p = 0.015) and anastomotic leaks (p = 0.03). Cardiopulmonary complications, 30-and 90-day mortality were comparable. On multivariate analysis for 90-day mortality R-category was the only independent factor (p = 0.014). Overall survival was worse for RS (p = 0.000), but not different when only R0 resections were selected.

Conclusion
The RS route was more often the choice for reconstruction in loco-regionally advanced disease. Compared with PM route, more anastomotic leaks were found. Survival was not different between RS and PM routes when resection was curative.