bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A gravitropic stimulus alters the distribution of EHB1, a negative effector of root gravitropism in Arabidopsis
Authors: Rath Magnus , Dümmer Michaela , Galland Paul , Forreiter Christoph 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn Arabidopsis gravitropism is affected by two antagonistically interacting proteins, AGD12 (ADP‐RIBOSYLATION FACTOR GTPase‐ACTIVATING PROTEIN) and EHB1 (ENHANCED BENDING 1). While AGD12 enhances gravitropic bending, EHB1 functions as a negative element. To further characterize their cellular function, we analyzed the location of AGD12‐GFP and EHB1‐GFP fusion proteins in the root apex by confocal laser‐scanning microscopy after gravitropic stimulation. For this purpose, a novel method of microscopic visualization was developed with the objective and root axes aligned allowing an improved and comparable discernment of the fluorescence gradient across the columella. In vertical roots, both proteins were localized symmetrically and occurred preferentially in the outer layers of the columella. After reorienting roots horizontally, EHB1‐GFP accumulated in the upper cell layers of the columella, that is, opposite to the gravity vector. The gravity‐induced EHB1‐GFP asymmetry disappeared after reorienting the roots back into the vertical position. No such asymmetry occurred with AGD12‐GFP. Our findings reveal that after a gravitropic stimulus the cellular ratio between EHB1 and AGD12 is affected differently in the upper and lower part of the root. Its impact as a significant signaling event that ultimately affects the redirection of the lateral auxin flux toward the lower site of the root is discussed.
Synthesis of tri‐aryl ether epoxy resin isomers and their cure with diamino diphenyl sulphone
Authors: Reyes Larry Q. , Zhang Jane , Dao Buu , Varley Russell J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of bi‐ and tetra‐functional tri‐aryl ether epoxy resin isomers and their subsequent cure with 44 diamino diphenyl sulphone (DDS) is presented here. The effect of varying aromatic substitution and cross‐link density on the structure, property, and processing relationships is explored for 1,3 bis(3‐glycidyloxyphenoxy)benzene (133 BGOPB), 1,4 bis(4‐glycidyloxyphenoxy)benzene (144 BGOPB), N,N,N,N‐tetraglycidyl 1,3‐bis (3‐aminophenoxy) benzene (133 TGAPB), and N,N,N,N‐tetraglycidyl 1,4‐bis (4‐aminophenoxy) benzene (144 TGAPB). Meta substitution to the aromatic ring reduces the rate of reaction, glass transition temperature, yield strain and crosslink density, coefficient of thermal expansion, and side reactions, while increasing strain softening, compressive modulus and strength, and methyl ethyl ketone ingress. Increasing crosslink density increases the glass transition temperature, promotes side reactions during cure, and increases compressive modulus, strength, and yield strain, while reducing coefficients of thermal expansion, methyl ethyl ketone ingress, and density. The results are discussed in terms of packing efficiency of the meta‐substituted epoxy resins and the role of short range molecular mobility caused by the lack of an aromatic axis of rotation.
Pharmacokinetics, mass balance, tissue distribution, metabolism, and excretion of praliciguat, a clinical‐stage soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator in rats
Authors: Banijamali Ali R. , Carvalho Andrew E. , Wakefield James D. , Germano Peter , Barden Timothy C. , Tobin Jenny V. , Zimmer Daniel P. , Masferrer Jaime L. , Profy Albert T. , Currie Mark G. , Todd Milne G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics (PK), metabolism, excretion, mass balance, and tissue distribution of [14C]praliciguat were evaluated following oral administration of a 3‐mg/kg dose in Sprague‐Dawley rats and in a quantitative whole‐body autoradiography (QWBA) study conducted in male Long‐Evans rats. Plasma Tmax was 1 hour and the t1/2 of total plasma radioactivity was 23.7 hours. Unchanged praliciguat accounted for 87.4%, and a minor metabolite (N‐dealkylated‐praliciguat) accounted for 7.6% of the total radioactivity in plasma through 48 hours (AUC0‐48). Tissues with the highest exposure ratios relative to plasma were liver, intestines, adrenal gland, and adipose, and those with the lowest values were seminal vesicle, blood, CNS tissues, lens of the eye, and bone. Most of the [14C]praliciguat‐derived radioactivity was excreted within 48 hours after oral administration. Mean cumulative recovery of the administered radioactivity in urine and feces over 168 hours was 3.7% and 95.7%, respectively. Unchanged praliciguat was not quantifiable in urine or bile of cannulated rats; however, based on the total radioactivity in these fluids, a minimum of approximately 82% of the orally administered dose was absorbed. [14C]Praliciguat was metabolized via oxidative and glucuronidation pathways and the most abundant metabolites recovered in bile were praliciguat‐glucuronide and hydroxy‐praliciguat‐glucuronide. These results indicate that praliciguat had rapid absorption, high bioavailability, extensive tissue distribution, and elimination primarily via hepatic metabolism.
Melatonin: Roles in influenza, Covid‐19, and other viral infections
Authors: Anderson George , Reiter Russel J. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryThere is a growing appreciation that the regulation of the melatonergic pathways, both pineal and systemic, may be an important aspect in how viruses drive the cellular changes that underpin their control of cellular function. We review the melatonergic pathway role in viral infections, emphasizing influenza and covid‐19 infections. Viral, or preexistent, suppression of pineal melatonin disinhibits neutrophil attraction, thereby contributing to an initial “cytokine storm”, as well as the regulation of other immune cells. Melatonin induces the circadian gene, Bmal1, which disinhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), countering viral inhibition of Bmal1/PDC. PDC drives mitochondrial conversion of pyruvate to acetyl‐coenzyme A (acetyl‐CoA), thereby increasing the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP production. Pineal melatonin suppression attenuates this, preventing the circadian “resetting” of mitochondrial metabolism. This is especially relevant in immune cells, where shifting metabolism from glycolytic to oxidative phosphorylation, switches cells from reactive to quiescent phenotypes. Acetyl‐CoA is a necessary cosubstrate for arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase, providing an acetyl group to serotonin, and thereby initiating the melatonergic pathway. Consequently, pineal melatonin regulates mitochondrial melatonin and immune cell phenotype. Virus‐ and cytokine‐storm‐driven control of the pineal and mitochondrial melatonergic pathway therefore regulates immune responses. Virus‐and cytokine storm‐driven changes also increase gut permeability and dysbiosis, thereby suppressing levels of the short‐chain fatty acid, butyrate, and increasing circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The alterations in butyrate and LPS can promote viral replication and host symptom severity via impacts on the melatonergic pathway. Focussing on immune regulators has treatment implications for covid‐19 and other viral infections.
Polypyrrole‐Based Nanohybrid Electrodes: Their Preparation and Potential Use for DNA Recognition and Paclitaxel Quantification
Authors: Kuralay Filiz , Dükar Nilgün 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFabrication of conducting polymer networks based on polypyrrole/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (PPy/MWCNTs) modified graphite electrodes that were achieved with a single‐step electropolymerization and potential use of these electrodes for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) recognition and anticancer drug (Paclitaxel, PTX) quantification were presented in the present work. PPy/MWCNTs nanohybrid PGEs were constructed in aqueous solution of pyrrole (Py) and MWCNTs using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and constant potential electrolysis. So‐formed electrodes were characterized with cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Surface morphologies of the surfaces were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. Bio‐application of the PPy/MWCNTs nanohybrid modified PGEs were accomplished by subjecting them to double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) modification for direct DNA recognition and PTX determination. For the drug determination, interaction of DNA‐based electrodes with PTX was investigated. Detection limit was found as 1.55 x 10−8 M based on the changes in the oxidation of guanine base which made the proposed electrode convenient for clinical trials.
Room‐Temperature Self‐Healing and Reprocessable Waterborne Polyurethane with Dynamically Exchangeable Disulfide Bonds
Authors: Zhang Mengyun , Zhao Fengqi , Xin Wei , Luo Yunjun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecently, covalent adaptable networks (CANs) based on dynamic exchange reactions have been synthesized, and the research on these materials has been mainly focused on the self‐healing behavior and reprocessing properties of CANs. Disulfide bonds can be considered to be a type of dynamic reversible covalent bonds, and exchange reactions of disulfide bonds proceed easily at mild temperatures, which endow materials containing disulfide bonds with self‐healing properties and the reprocessability under suitable conditions. Herein, we synthesized a type of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) CAN incorporated with disulfide bonds. A reasonable structural design was used in conjunction with a self‐healing kinetic analysis to predict that the highest performing CWPU‐8 sample could repair a microcrack at room temperature, which was verified by optical microscopy observations combined with self‐healing mechanics. The most important feature of this material is its reprocessing property, which was investigated by rheology tests. These assessments demonstrate that the self‐healing behavior and the reprocessability are closely related to exchange reactions of disulfide bonds, and the structure‐property relationship provides deep insights into the CANs chemistry.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New 1,2,3‐Triazolyl‐Pyrazolyl‐Quinoline Derivatives as Potential Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Thakare Prashant P. , Shinde Abhijit D. , Chavan Abhijit P. , Nyayanit Narendra V. , Bobade Vivek D. , Mhaske Pravin C. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA new series of 4‐{1‐phenyl‐4‐[(4‐phenyl‐1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)methyl]pyrazol‐3‐yl}quinoline (7a‐l) have been synthesized by a click reaction of 4‐(4‐(azidomethyl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)quinoline (5a‐d) with a substituted ethynylbenzene. The newly synthesized 1,2,3‐triazolyl‐pyrazolyl‐quinoline derivatives were evaluated for biological activity against Escherichia coli (NCIM 2574), Proteus mirabilis (NCIM 2388), (Gram negative strains), Bacillus subtilis (NCIM 2063), Staphylococcus albus (NCIM 2178) (Gram positive strains) and in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans (NCIM 3100) and Aspergillus niger (ATCC 504). Five 1,2,3‐triazolyl‐pyrazolyl‐quinoline derivatives, 7d, 7 g, 7 h, 7k and 7 l exhibited good antifungal activity against A. niger with MIC 62.5 μg/mL. The compounds 7 h, 7k and 7 l were further evaluated for ergosterol inhibition assay against A. niger cell sample at 62.5 μg/mL concentration. Upon analysis of the sterol inhibition assay, it was revealed that, the ergosterol biosynthesis has decreased in the fungal samples treated with the 1,2,3‐triazolyl‐pyrazolyl‐quinoline derivatives. Thus antimicrobial activity suggested that, these compounds could aid and assist in the development of lead compounds to treat microbial infections.
2‐Chloroimidazolium Chloride as a Coupling Reagent for Amide Bond Formation
Authors: Han Jie , Sun Yingjie , Wang Zhifan , Huang Qingfei , Zhu Jin , Wang Yuanhua , Zhong Liu , Wang Qiwei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA highly efficient synthesis strategy, focusing on amide bond formation and peptide synthesis, has been developed under mild condition by employing a 2‐chloroimidazolium chloride IMesCl−Cl as a coupling reagent. This strategy exhibited wide substrate scope and good chemo‐selectivity. Notably, no significant loss of enantiopurity was observed when employing this strategy to dipeptide synthesis. This method was also successfully applied in glycine‐conjugate bile acids synthesis. A plausible formation mechanism via an active ester intermediate was proposed.
Surface Plasmon Resonance Nanosensors for Detecting Amoxicillin in Milk Samples with Amoxicillin Imprinted Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐N‐methacryloyl‐(L)‐ glutamic acid)
Authors: Faalnouri Sona , Çimen Duygu , Bereli Nilay , Denizli Adil 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this study, SPR based nanosensors were prepared for the detection of amoxicillin (AMOX) in milk samples with using molecular imprinting technique. This study developed to determine the amoxicillin (AMOX) from the commercial and local milk samples. For determination of amoxicillin, polymeric film and nanoparticles consisting of poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐N‐methacryloyl‐(L)‐ glutamic acid) were synthesized onto the surface of the SPR chip by ultra violet polymerization. The characterization of the polymeric film and nanoparticles were determined by zeta sizer, ellipsometry, contact angle and atomic force microscopy measurements. The range of linearity was measured as 0.1‐200 ng/mL for amoxicillin (AMOX) imprinted polymeric film and nanoparticles based SPR nanosensors. The limit of detection for AMOX imprinted polymeric film and nanoparticles based SPR nanosensors were found as 0.0012 ng/mL and 0.0009 ng/mL, respectively. To show the selectivity of surface plasmon resonance nanosensors competitive adsorption of amoxicillin (AMOX), ampicillin (AMP), cephalexin (CEP) and cholesterol (KOL) were investigated. According to the results, AMOX imprinted SPR nanosensors have exhibited low‐detection limit, high sensitivity and selectivity for detection of antibiotic in milk samples.
Shape Shifting of Cup Shaped Particles on Growing poly (2‐hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) Brushes by “Grafting From” Approach and Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Ifra  , Singh Awaneesh , Saha Sampa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractControlled bending leading to shape shifted microparticles is indispensable for the targeted biomedical applications including advanced drug/cell delivery and has been one of the major research components in biomedical area for decades. Here, we report the shape‐shifting of cup‐shaped particles created by electrojetting from a blend of biodegradable polylactide (PLA) and biocompatible co‐polymer (poly[methylmethacrylate‐co‐2‐(2‐bromopropionyloxy)ethyl methacrylate] (poly(MMA‐co‐BEMA))) containing ATRP (Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization) initiating moiety, at a ratio of 75:25. Surface initiated ATRP of HEMA (2‐hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) was carried out for 1 hour to immobilize self‐crosslinkable poly(HEMA) brushes onto the cup shaped particles which underwent controlled bending post polymer brush growth leading to the formation of spherical ball with one small opening (hole). However, no change of shape was observed while growing non‐crosslinkable hydrophilic poly(DMAEMA) (poly(2‐(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)) brush from the surface of cup shaped particles. To understand the underlying phenomena of shape shifting, simulation studies were also performed. Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation of the ATRP process at the cup surface further confirmed that the use of HEMA monomer indeed led to the desired compact modified structure of the cup particle due to the crosslinking connectivity across the interface. We have also calculated the radial distribution function (RDF) and radius of gyration to study the structure of modified particles.
Selective Docking of Pyranooxazoles Against nsP2 of CHIKV Eluted Through Isothermally and Non‐Isothermally MD simulations
Authors: Kumar Durgesh , Singh Prashant , Jayaraj Abhilash , Kumar Vinod , Kumari Kamlesh , Chandra Ramesh , Ramappa Venkatesh Kumar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSelective docking is a novel concept for drug designing and currently used to find potential inhibitors against a non‐structural polyprotein (nsP2) of the chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Herein, authors designed a library of 200 molecules based on pyranooxazoles and used virtual screening, docking, isothermally and non‐isothermally MD simulations and free energy calculations to get potential candidates. The computational strategy is significant to find the promising inhibitor against this infection. Molecular docking approach is employed to find conformation of inhibitors in the active site of nsP2 of CHIKV. This approach is used to calculate the binding free energy for the drug‐target complex formation by involving various intermolecular interactions i. e. van der Waals, conventional hydrogen bonds, carbon hydrogen bonds etc. Based on binding energy, authors have taken top four candidates for further screening through SWISSADME and Molinspiration. All the four screened molecules obey “Lipinski's Rule of Five” and also gave satisfactory drug likeness values. Later, the top one molecule was taken and studied via isothermally and non‐isothermally MD simulations. MD simulations method was employed to determine change in free energy for the formation of complex between the CMPD167 and nsP2 of CHIKV. Results obtained suggest that CMPD167 is a potential inhibitor against nsP2 of CHIKV.
MgFe2O4‐Supported Ru Catalyst for Ammonia Synthesis: Promotive Effect of Chlorine
Authors: Javaid Rahat , Nanba Tetsuya 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe effect of Ru precursor on the activity of Ru/MgFe2O4 catalyst was studied using different Ru compounds. It was found that the activities of the catalysts prepared from Cl containing precursors were much higher than those prepared from non‐Cl precursors. Mg thin film was formed on the surfaces of the catalysts synthesized from RuCl3 and Ru(NO3)3 precursors. This Mg thin film, along with residual Cl, was found essential to attain the highest activity for ammonia synthesis using Ru/MgFe2O4 catalyst.
Mobile phone use in young adults who self‐identify as being “Very stressed out” or “Zen”: An exploratory study
Authors: Majeur Danie , Leclaire Sarah , Raymond Catherine , Léger Pierre‐Majorique , Juster Robert Paul , Lupien Sonia J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have reported a positive association between mobile phone use and psychological stress. However, the reasons why stressed out individuals use their cell phones more are not clear. To gain further insight on this relationship, we performed secondary analyses on a database of 87 healthy young adults aged 18–35 years who self‐categorized themselves as being “Very stressed out” (N = 46) or “Zen” (N = 41). All participants were assessed for psychological stress, duration and nature (hedonistic vs. utilitarian) of mobile phone use, involvement with the mobile phone and levels of nomophobia. Results controlled for the exploratory nature of this study showed that although “Very stressed out” and “Zen” individuals used their mobile phone for the same amount of time and were equally involved with it, “Very stressed out” individuals reported a greater use of their mobile phone for hedonistic purposes and were more nomophobic than “Zen” individuals. The results of this exploratory study suggest that highly stressed out individuals might use hedonistic functions of their mobile phone as a tool to deal with stress, thus explaining why they present greater levels of nomophobia.
Availability analysis of design configurations to compose virtual performance‐optimized data center systems in next‐generation cloud data centers
Authors: Rosendo Daniel , Gomes Demis , Leoni Santos Guto , Silva Leylane , Moreira Andre , Kelner Judith , Sadok Djamel , Gonçalves Glauco , Mehta Amardeep , Wildeman Mattias , Takako Endo Patricia 
Published: April 2020

SummaryNext‐generation cloud data centers are based on software‐defined data center infrastructures that promote flexibility, automation, optimization, and scalability. The Redfish standard and the Intel Rack Scale Design technology enable software‐defined infrastructure and disaggregate bare‐metal compute, storage, and networking resources into virtual pools to dynamically compose resources and create virtual performance‐optimized data centers (vPODs) tailored to workload‐specific demands. This article proposes four chassis design configurations based on Distributed Management Task Force's Redfish industry standard applied to compose vPOD systems, namely, a fully shared design, partially shared homogeneous design, partially shared heterogeneous design, and not shared design; their main difference is based on the used hardware disaggregation level. Furthermore, we propose models that combine reliability block diagram and stochastic Petri net modeling approaches to represent the complexity of the relationship between the pool of disaggregated hardware resources and their power and cooling sources in a vPOD. These four proposed design configurations were analyzed and compared in terms of availability and component's sensitivity indexes by scaling their configurations considering different data center infrastructure. From the obtained results, we can state that, in general, when one increases the hardware disaggregation, availability is improved. However, after a given point, the availability level of the fully shared, partially shared homogeneous, and partially shared heterogeneous configurations remain almost equal, while the not shared configuration is still able to improve its availability.
Ungenutztes Potenzial – Gesundheits-Apps für Kinder und Jugendliche
Authors: Lampert Claudia 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungGesundheits-Apps erfahren zunehmend Aufmerksamkeit und verstärkt Rückenwind aus der Politik. Der Markt ist aktuell durch eine sehr hohe Dynamik und Unübersichtlichkeit gekennzeichnet, die es einerseits unmöglich macht, das Angebot an Gesundheits-Apps quantitativ oder auch qualitativ zu fassen. Andererseits erschwert bzw. verunmöglicht die derzeitige Situation den Nutzerinnen und Nutzern, „gute“, d. h. seriöse und verlässliche Angebote zu identifizieren.Aufgrund fehlender einheitlicher Definitionen und verbindlicher Qualitätsstandards finden sich zahlreiche Gesundheits-Apps, die kurzfristige gesundheitsbezogene Erfolge versprechen, wissenschaftlich nicht (hinreichend) fundiert oder hinsichtlich des Datenschutzes bedenklich sind. Gleichzeitig fehlt es an aktuellen Untersuchungen mit zielgruppenspezifischen Befunden zum Stellenwert und zur Nutzung von Gesundheits-Apps, die über reine Anwendungsstudien hinausweisen. Vorliegende Studien zeigen, dass eine Smartphoneaffinität und das Interesse an (Gesundheits‑)Apps nicht automatisch bedeuten, dass die digitalen Angebote nach dem Download auch genutzt werden.Angesichts der dünnen Forschungslage kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass die Potenziale von Gesundheits-Apps sowohl von den Anbietern als auch von den Nutzerinnen und Nutzern noch nicht voll ausgeschöpft werden. In der Herstellung von Transparenz (u. a. in Bezug auf Datenerfassung, -verarbeitung, -schutz und die wissenschaftliche Fundierung), der (Weiter‑)Entwicklung von Qualitätsstandards sowie in der Förderung einer digitalen Gesundheitskompetenz, einschließlich der Bereitstellung zielgruppenadäquater Tools für eine Einschätzung und Auswahl von Gesundheits-Apps, werden zentrale Ansatzpunkte gesehen, um die Potenziale von Gesundheits-Apps insbesondere mit Blick auf Kinder und Jugendliche besser nutzbar zu machen.