bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tilaa tunteille? Narratiivinen muotokuva luottamuksen palauttamisesta työyhteisössä
Authors: Pöllänen Veera , Ikonen Mirjami 
Published: December 2024

Työyhteisön toimijoiden väliseen luottamukseen sisältyy aina riski sen rikkoutumisesta, millä voi olla haitallisia seurauksia organisaatioille. Tämä tutkimus keskittyy esihenkilön ja työntekijöiden välisen luottamuksen uudelleenrakentamiseen luottamuksen rikkouduttua. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tunnistaa keinoja, joilla esihenkilö voi palauttaa työntekijöiden luottamuksen, sekä tarkastella luottamuksen palauttamisen prosessiin liittyviä tunnetiloja. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu 15 omakohtaisesta tarinasta, jotka kuvaavat luottamuksen palauttamisprosessia ja siihen liittyviä tunnetiloja. Narratiivisen muotokuvamenetelmän avulla luodaan kuva johtajasta, joka palauttaa luottamusta työyhteisössä. Muotokuvan avulla esitämme tulkintamme siitä, miten esihenkilö voi palauttaa luottamusta ja mikä on tunteiden rooli prosessissa. Tulosten perusteella ehdotamme, että tilan antaminen tunteista puhumiselle ja arvostava kuunteleminen ovat avaintekijöitä luottamuksen palauttamisessa. Tutkimus antaa viitteitä siitä, että luottamuksen palauttaminen on aktiivinen prosessi, joka vaatii aikaa ja molemminpuolista osallistumista, ja johon voi liittyä voimakkaita tunteita. Kunnioittava keskustelu luottamuksen rikkoutumisen ja palauttamisen herättämistä tunteista näyttää edistävän luottamuksen palauttamista.
Pharmaceutical development and practical approach to synthesis of tropantiol radiopharmaceutical ([99mTc]Tc-TRODAT-1) for diagnostic of neurodegenerative diseases (review)
Authors: Pavlenko E. P. , Malysheva A. O. , Larenkov A. A. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The symptoms of Parkinson's disease are mainly associated with the formation of intraneuronal protein inclusions with Lewy bodies, and the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons of the Substantia nigra and their axons. Existing diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease often take into account symptoms occurring in the later stages of the disease. Thus, for a more accurate diagnosis in the early stages, it is necessary to confirm pathologic changes in brain tissue by molecular imaging methods such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). At the same time SPECT is a more accessible method of diagnostics of neurodegenerative diseases in comparison with PET, because of the possibility to obtain medical radionuclides for SPECT imaging using mobile generator systems, in particular 99Mo/99mTc generator. Among the formulations based on 99mTc and tropane derivatives proposed for dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging, [99mTc]Tc-TRODAT-1 (technetium-99m-labeled tropantiol) is the most effective. Currently, various compositions of the freeze-dried kits for the synthesis of [99mTc]Tc-TRODAT-1 have been proposed, facilitating the process of its production in situ, which, together with the availability of technetium-99m generator in a healthcare facility, as well as favorable pharmacokinetics, makes [99mTc]Tc-TRODAT-1 a drug of choice for routine use in clinical practice.Text. In this review, various approaches to design and optimize the composition of the freeze-dried kits for the synthesis of [99mTc]Tc-TRODAT-1, including the amount and ratio of active ingredient and excipients, synthesis conditions, in particular the temperature regime, synthesis time and pH of the reaction mixture, have been considered.Conclusion. Development and optimization of the composition of the freeze-dried kits for the synthesis of [99mTc]Tc-TRODAT-1 is an urgent task in the context of improving its use in clinical practice. Based on the published data, clear dependencies can be traced, which may form the basis for further development and optimization of the composition of the freeze-dried kits for [99mTc]Tc-TRODAT-1 synthesis for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases by SPECT in the Russian Federation.
Assessment of polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate effect on quercetin properties in binary solid dispersion prepared by hot melt extrussion
Authors: Danilova A. A. , Gusev K. A. , Arkhipova N. O. , Danilov L. G. , Vishnyakov E. V. , Maimistov D. N. , Flisyuk E. V. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Flavonoids, despite their pronounced therapeutic benefits, are limitedly used in medicine as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) owing to a complex of unsatisfactory physicochemical properties. In order to study the mentioned problem, we decided to use quercetin as model compound with extremely low water solubility and dissolution in gastrointestinal (GI) tract media. Therefore, the main idea appears to study the possibility and prospects of hot melt extrusion (HME) application for enhancement the solubility properties of quercetin in the composition of solid dispersion system (SDS) based on hydrophilic polymeric carrier (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate, PVP/VA). Consequently, there is a necessity to select effective drug-to-polymer ratio in solid dispersion for providing better solubility and dissolution properties.Aim. Assessment of PVP/VA effect on quercetin solubility properties in binary solid dispersion prepared by HME.Materials and methods. Quercetin substance with purity 98 % was purchased from Molekula Limited, United Kingdom. PVP/VA (copolymer of polyvinylpyrrolidone with vinyl acetate in the ratio of 60 : 40, VIVAPHARM® PVP/VA 64) as carrier was procured from JRS PHARMA (JRS PHARMA GmbH & Co. KG, Germany). Quercetin SDS were prepared using micro-conical twin screw compounder HAAKE™ MiniCTW (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Germany). The obtained samples were analyzed by phase-contrast microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Quercetin quantitative content in SDS were determined by UV-spectrophotometry.Results and discussion. The improvement of water solubility and dissolution rates of quercetin SDS in comparison with pure substance was observed for all solid dispersion compositions irrespective to drug-to-polymer ratio. Notably, with reduction of quercetin content in SDS compositions the PVP/VA contribution was increased. We found partial or even complete amorphization of API in formulations with 1 % and 5 % quercetin content, resulting in the improvement of water solubility properties, stability of solutions and increased dissolution rates in GI tract media. Water solubility of 1 % SDS relative to pure substance was enhanced by 353-fold. At the same time, the complete release of quercetin from 1 % SDS was achieved in 40 minutes in the hydrochloric acid and citrate buffer, and also quercetin dissolution of 90 % in 60 minute was observed in phosphate buffer.Conclusion. 1 % quercetin SDS based on PVP/VA appears to be the most promising for solid dosage forms development.
From fear to fortitude: academic adjustment during COVID-19 among South African undergraduates
Authors: Tau Matumelo Maria , Mapaling Curwyn , Tsabedze Wandile Fundo 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThe outbreak of COVID-19 introduced unprecedented uncertainty worldwide, with South Africa being no exception. There is a paucity of information on the impacts of academic adjustment and fear of COVID-19 among undergraduate students in a new university environment. This study aimed to examine the relationship between academic adjustment and fear of COVID-19 among undergraduate students enrolled at a South African University.MethodsA cross-sectional correlational research design was employed, utilizing web-based questionnaires that combined the Academic Adjustment Scale and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. The theoretical framework used was the self-transcendence theory, supported by theoretical perspectives on adjustment and differential susceptibility theories. A total of 501 participants were selected through simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including simple linear regression correlation analysis and multivariate analysis of variance.ResultsFear of COVID-19 showed a significant positive correlation with academic adjustment (r = 0.17, p &lt; 0.001). Additionally, fear of COVID-19 was positively correlated with dimensions of academic adjustments, specifically academic achievement (r = 0.19, p &lt; 0.001) and academic motivation (r = 0.20, p &lt; 0.001).DiscussionThe study concluded that there was a significant positive correlation between fear of COVID-19 and academic adjustment. Therefore, it is crucial to implement interventions aimed at continuously enhancing students' academic adjustment as a seamless process.
Development and validation of a rapid and precise online sentence reading efficiency assessment
Authors: Yeatman Jason D. , Tran Jasmine E. , Burkhardt Amy K. , Ma Wanjing Anya , Mitchell Jamie L. , Yablonski Maya , Gijbels Liesbeth , Townley-Flores Carrie , Richie-Halford Adam 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionThe speed at which students can accurately read and understand connected text is at the foundation of reading development. Timed reading measures go under a variety of names (e.g., reading fluency, reading efficiency, etc) and involve different levels of demands on comprehension, making it hard to interpret the extent to which scores reflect differences in reading efficiency versus comprehension.MethodsHere we define a new measure of silent sentence reading efficiency (SRE) and explore key aspects of item development for an unproctored, online SRE assessment (ROAR-SRE). In doing so, we set forth an argument for developing sentences that are simple assertions, with an unambiguous answer, requiring minimal background knowledge and vocabulary. We then run a large-scale validation study to document convergent validity between ROAR-SRE and other measures of reading. Finally we validate the reliability and accuracy of using artificial intelligence (AI) to generate matched test forms.ResultsWe find that a short, one-minute SRE assessment is highly correlated with other reading measures and has exceptional reliability. Moreover, AI can automatically generate test forms that are matched to manually-authored test forms.DiscussionTogether these results highlight the potential for regular screening and progress monitoring at scale with ROAR-SRE.
Association between the heart rate to temperature ratio and 28-day mortality in patients with heart failure in intensive care unit: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fu Cheng , Lin Weiguo , Chen Xinglin , Hong WeiLi , Yan Shaorong , Lin Yuzhan 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundHeart failure (HF) is a life-threatening condition with a high mortality rate. The precise relationship between the heart rate and temperature (HR/T) ratio and mortality in patients with HF remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the HR/T ratio and 28-day intensive care unit (ICU) mortality rates in patients with HF.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed the data of 3,790 patients with congestive heart failure in a large electronic database. Patients were divided into quartiles based on their HR/T ratio: Q1 (1.28–1.76), Q2 (2.44–2.72), Q3 (2.88–3.14), and Q4 (3.29–4.13). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between HR/T ratio and 28-day ICU mortality.ResultsPatients with higher HR/T ratios had greater disease severity and higher mortality rates. In the fully adjusted regression model, a significant association was observed between HR/T ratio and 28-day ICU mortality risk, with mortality increasing as HR/T ratio rose (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.17–2.04). An E-value analysis indicated that unmeasured confounders had a minimal impact on the results, confirming the robustness of the study.ConclusionAmong ICU-admitted patients with HF, we identified a significant association between HR/T ratio and 28-day ICU mortality. As the HR/T ratio increased, the 28-day ICU mortality showed an upward trend.
The impact of gradient variable temperature fermentation on the quality of cigar tobacco leaves
Authors: Zhang Qianying , Huang Yang , An Hongyue , Yang Shuanghong , Lei Jinshan , Wang Yue , Li Pinhe , Zhang Hongfei , Cai Wen , Jia Yun , Pang Yongqiang , Li Dongliang 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionIn order to enhance the quality of cigar tobacco leaves (CTLs), a gradient variable temperature fermentation approach was employed.MethodsThe temperature gradient demonstrated a gradual increase from low temperature (35 ± 2°C) to moderate temperature (45 ± 2°C), and then to high temperature (55 ± 2°C). Each temperature gradient underwent a 10-day fermentation process, resulting in a total duration of 30 days. Changes in sensory evaluation, chemical composition, and bacterial absolute quantitative structure and function were examined throughout the process of gradient variable temperature fermentation.ResultsCompared to constant temperature fermentation, gradient variable temperature fermentation improved the sensory quality of CTLs, reduced total sugar and cembrane degradation products, and increased the amino acid contents. It resulted in significant changes in bacterial quantity and function of CTLs, but had no significant effects on the richness and diversity of bacterial communities. The results of correlation analyses showed that sensory quality had significant correlation with chemical composition, which effected by predominant microbes. The gradient variable temperature fermentation process underwent a three-phase model to characterize the alterations of CTLs. Phase I (35°C) was the microbial stage, during which there was a significant decrease in both the total number and function of microorganisms. The dominant genera shifted from Acinetobacter to Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium, and with high reducing sugar, polyphenol compound and low sensory score. Phase II (45°C) marked a chemical stage, with an enhancement in sensory evaluation. A total of 17 chemicals significantly decreased and six increased, and the decline of microbial populations persisted. The enhanced relative abundances of four microecological hubs, namely Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Oceanobacillus, and Bacillus, had the potential to produce protease and lipase to the production of peptides, amino acids, and organic acid, catabolizing sugars and polyphenol compounds, through carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism, resulted an increase in sensory quality of CTLs. Phase III (55°C) indicated a relative mature stage with the highest score of sensory evaluation. Eight compositions from plamochromic pigments and polyphenol compounds exhibited gradual decreases, while relative contents of carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism increased.ConclusionThe gradient variable temperature fermentation had demonstrated a significant positive influence on the quality of CTL by providing optimal fermentation temperature for microbial growth, metabolism, and the generation of quality-related chemical compositions.
Characterization and bioefficacy of grapevine bacterial endophytes against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose disease
Authors: Holkar Somnath K. , Bhanbhane Vrushali C. , Ghotgalkar Prabhavati S. , Markad Harshavardhan N. , Lodha Tushar D. , Saha Sujoy , Banerjee Kaushik 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionGrapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), one of the economically important fruit crops cultivated worldwide, harbours diverse endophytic bacteria (EBs) responsible for managing various fungal diseases. Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) (Penz.) is one of the major constraints in quality grape production and therefore its management is a major concern among the grape growers.Materials and methodsAmong the 50 EBs isolated from healthy leaf segments from the eight grapevine genotypes, biologically potential 20 EBs were purified and identified based on morphological, and biological characteristics and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA region. The antagonistic activities of EBs against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were studied in vitro conditions.ResultsThe colony morphologies of EBs are white and yellow-coloured colonies, circular to irregular in shape, and entire, and flat margins. Among the 20 purified EBs, 19 isolates were found to be Gram-positive except one i.e., MS2 isolate. The 12 isolates reduced nitrate and 14 isolates produced urease enzyme. The in vitro assay revealed that two isolates, SB4 and RF1, inhibited 56.1% and 55.6% mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides, respectively. Further, the identity of EBs was confirmed through PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA region resulting in ~1400 bp size amplicons. The sequence analysis of representative 15 isolates revealed that 5 EB isolates viz., SB5, CS2, RG1, RF1, C1 were identified as Bacillus subtilis with &gt;99% sequence identity, two EBs viz., SB3, and CS1 were identified as B. subtilis subsp. subtilis, two EBs viz., SB1, and CS4 were identified as B. licheniformis. The SB2 isolate was identified as Bacillus sp., whereas SB4 as Brevibacillus borstelensis, TH1 as B. velezensis, TH2 as B. tequilensis, CS3 as B. pumilus and MS1 as Micrococcus luteus were identified.ConclusionThe phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequence revealed eight distinct clades and showed the close clustering of identified species with the reference species retrieved from NCBI GenBank. The current investigation provides the scope for further field evaluations of these endophytic microbes for managing anthracnose disease.
Copeptin as biomarker for acute ischemic stroke prognosis and revascularization treatment efficacy
Authors: Vasile Antonia Ioana , Tiu Cristina , Badiu Corin 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionPro-arginine vasopressin consists of three peptides: arginine-vasopressin, neurophysin II, and copeptin. AVP is released by the neurohypophysis in response to increased plasma osmolality, decreased blood volume and stress. Copeptin has the advantage of being stable ex vivo and easy to measure. New data show the importance of copeptin in ischemic stroke and its complications.MethodsWe present a literature review that highlights the importance of copeptin as a biological marker for stroke. We searched the Pubmed and Scopus databases for papers with the following keywords: “stroke AND copeptin.” PRISMA criteria were used.ResultsWe identified 332 papers that met the criteria. We excluded analyzed reviews, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. 31 articles resulted. The number of patients included in the analyzed studies varied between 18 and 4,302. Copeptin is a marker that associated with clinical stroke severity, infarct volume, short-term and long-term functionality and mortality and adds prognostic value to the previously used scales. It may reflect the effectiveness of revascularization therapy. Copeptin is a biomarker that can help predict post-stroke complications such as: cerebral edema and hemorrhagic transformation.DiscussionCopeptin is a novel and promising biomarker for evaluating cerebrovascular diseases. Because it is considered a non-specific biomarker, it is not yet used routinely and it cannot replace the clinical examination. However, combined with other clinical or paraclinical parameters, it can increase the accuracy of the diagnosis.
Association between 25(OH) vitamin D and schizophrenia: shared genetic correlation, pleiotropy, and causality
Authors: Rong Guo-Wei , Li Xiao-Min , Lu Hui-Min , Su Ming-Zhu , Jin Yi 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundThis study delves into the complex interplay between genetics, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and schizophrenia (SCZ). It leverages extensive sample data derived from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) to uncover genetic correlations.MethodsEmploying Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression (LDSC) and S-LDSC, this study investigates genetic connections between 25OHD and SCZ. It examines Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) heritability in specific tissues and incorporates diverse immune cell datasets for genetic enrichment analysis. Local genetic correlations were analyzed using HESS software, and pleiotropy analysis identified shared genetic loci in brain tissues. Hyprcoloc analysis was used to explore shared genetic factors between 25OHD, immune cells, and SCZ, complemented by a bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) to probe potential causal links.ResultsWe identified a significant negative genetic correlation between 25OHD levels and SCZ. PLACO analysis revealed 35 pleiotropic loci with strong enrichment in brain regions, particularly the cerebellum, frontal cortex, and hippocampus. Eight loci (1p34.2, 2p23.3, 3p21.1, 5q31.2, 12q23.2, 14q32.33, 16p13.3, and 16q24.3) exhibited strong colocalization, highlighting potential drug targets. Gene and tissue enrichment analyses emphasized neurological and immune-related mechanisms, including hyaluronan metabolism. Bidirectional MR analysis supported a causal effect of SCZ on 25OHD levels.ConclusionOur study identifies NEK4 as a potential therapeutic target and highlights the involvement of hyaluronan metabolism in the genetic association between 25OHD and SCZ. These findings provide valuable insights into shared genetic pathways, immune-related connections, and causal interactions in the context of SCZ.
Liuweizhiji Gegen-Sangshen beverage protects against alcoholic liver disease in mice through the gut microbiota mediated SCFAs/GPR43/GLP-1 pathway
Authors: Tang Mingyun , Zhao Long , Huang Fuchun , Wang Tiangang , Wu Xu , Chen Shanshan , Fu Juan , Jiang Chaoli , Wei Shulin , Zeng Xuseng , Zhang Xiaoling , Zhou Xin , Wei Mei , Li Zhi , Xiao Guohui 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionAlcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a pathological state of the liver caused by longterm alcohol consumption. Recent studies have shown that the modulation of the gut microbiota and its metabolic products, specifically the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), exert a critical role in the evolution and progression of ALD. The Liuweizhiji Gegen-Sangshen beverage (LGS), as a functional beverage in China, is derived from a traditional Chinese herbal formula and has been clinically applied for ALD treatment, demonstrating significant efficacy. However, the underlying mechanisms of LGS for alleviating ALD involving gut microbiota regulation remain unknown.MethodsIn this study, an ALD murine model based on the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) method was established.ResultsThe results showed that oral LGS treatment dose-dependently alleviated alcoholinduced liver injury and inflammation in mice through decreasing levels of ALT, AST and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β). LGS significantly improved liver steatosis, enhanced activities of alcohol metabolizing enzymes (ALDH and ADH), and reduced the CYP2E1 activity. Notably, regarding most detected indices, the effect of LGS (particularly at medium and high dose) was comparable to the positive drug MTDX. Moreover, LGS had a favorable effect on maintaining intestinal barrier function through reducing epithelial injury and increasing expression of occludin. 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that LGS remarkably modulated gut microbiota structure in ALD mice via recovering alcohol-induced microbial changes and specifically mediating enrichment of several bacterial genera (Alloprevotella, Monoglobus, Erysipelatoclostridium Parasutterella, Harryflintia and unclassified_c_Clostridia). Further study revealed that LGS increased production of SCFAs of hexanoic acid in cecum, promoted alcohol-mediated reduction of GRP43 expression in ileum, and increased serum GLP-1 level.DiscussionOverall, LGS exerts a remarkable protective effect on ALD mice through the gut microbiota mediated specific hexanoic acid production and GPR43/GLP-1 pathway.