bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forecast Function Based Congestion Control in MANET Routing
Authors: Suresh G , Kumar Senthil , Kavitha V , Lekashri S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In a MANET, there is not necessitating arrange any structure to create nodes to transmit with every other. The recurrent updates of the topography as well as the mutual scenery of the wireless channel create important disputes. Hence, several congestion control methods have been introduced. MANETs have a numerous of approaches to encourage the routing function through inactive as well as active routing schemes. Though, there is not an enduring resolution which subsists to resolve the fundamental congestion trouble in the MANETs. This paper proposes a Forecast function based Congestion Control in MANET Routing (FFCC). In this scheme, the congestion rate is applied for measuring the highest congested node and isolates that node. Next we choose the less congested node thus the data reach the destination correctly. In addition, the Forecasts Congestion Rate is used to predict the congested node perfectly based on the five transactions. Thus transmits the data via less congested route efficiently. Network simulator is applied for examine the simulation experiments. The results demonstrate the minimized network delay as enhances the network throughput
Non-covalent binding and selective fluorescent sensing of dipyrone with a carbocyanine dye and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
Authors: Zakharenkova Sofia A , Kriveleva Anna S , Katkova Ekaterina A , Doroshenko Irina A , Polovkov Nikolai Yu , Podrugina Tatyana A , Beklemishev Mikhail K 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The work is aimed at the search of selective fluorescent sensors without using specific artificial receptors, antibodies, enzymes etc. With this end in view, methods based on non-covalent binding of target analytes are sought. We observed dramatic changes in the emission spectrum of a carbocyanine dye in a micellar surfactant solution (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) in the presence of dipyrone (metamizol, analgin): the 480 nm band intensity increases with a simultaneous decrease in intensity in near-IR region (720 nm). MALDI and NMR-1H data show the intact molecules of dipyrone and the dye. The detection can be performed in the presence of other organic species and inorganic salts. Dipyrone testing is feasible within 5 × 10–7–5 × 10–4 M with RSDs of 3.5% by using a visualizer instead of a spectrofluorimeter.
Simultaneous Measurement of Sex Steroid Hormones in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) Plasma by Application of Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Dang Viet D 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Sex steroid hormones are potential biomarkers of reproductive function in teleost fish, but their measurement continues to rely on antibody-based assays. The objective of this study was to optimize a robust and simultaneous liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for measurement of eight steroid hormones (cortisol, 11-ketotestosterone, estradiol, 17α-ethynyl estradiol, estrone, estriol, progesterone and testosterone) in fish plasma. The extraction was followed by liquid–liquid extraction with tert-butyl methyl ether and time scheduled multi-reaction monitoring (sMRM) was used for quantitation of steroids. Validation of method performance using charcoal-stripped human plasma showed extraction recoveries for eight steroids ranged from 85.5 to 108.2% with matrix effects &gt; 80%. The limits of quantitation were 0.01 pg/μL for testosterone, 0.05 pg/μL for cortisol and progesterone, 0.1 pg/μL for 11-ketotestosterone, estradiol and estrone, 0.125 pg/μL for estriol and 0.25 pg/μL for 17α-ethynyl estradiol. The proposed method was applied to plasma samples of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) collected from contaminated (Lake Apopka) and reference sites (Wildcate Lake) in Florida. Concentrations of testosterone, cortisol, estradiol and estrone were significantly different in female fish, but plasma concentration of cortisol was only statistically different in male fish between two sites (P &lt; 0.05). This study demonstrates the application of a robust LC–MS/MS analysis for a range of sex steroid hormones representative of endocrine function in a top predator, largemouth bass.
Perspectives on implementing a quality improvement collaborative to improve person-centered care for maternal and reproductive health in Kenya
Authors: Giessler Katie , Seefeld Avery , Montagu Dominic , Phillips Beth , Mwangi James , Munson Meghan , Green Cathy , Opot James , Golub Ginger 
Published: October 2020

Absrtact

Objective
To understand perspectives and experiences related to participation in a quality improvement collaborative (QIC) to improve person-centered care (PCC) for maternal health and family planning (FP) in Kenya.

Design and setting
Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with members of the QIC in four public health facilities in Kenya.

Participants
Clinical and nonclinical public health facility staff who had participated in the QIC were purposively sampled to participate in the semi-structured interviews.

Intervention
A QIC was implemented across four public health facilities in Nairobi and Kiambu Counties in Kenya to improve PCC experiences for women seeking maternity or FP services.

Main outcome measure
Semi-structured interviews with participants of the QIC to understand perspectives and experiences associated with sensitization to and implementation of PCC behaviors in maternity and FP services.

Results
Respondents reported that sensitization to PCC principles resulted in multiple perceived benefits for staff and patients alike, including improved interactions with patients and clients, deeper awareness of patient and client preferences, and improved interpersonal skills and greater job satisfaction. Respondents also highlighted system-level challenges that impeded their ability to consistently provide high-quality PCC to women, namely staff shortages and frequent turnover, high patient volumes and lack of space in their respective health facilities.

Conclusion
Respondents were easily able to articulate perceived benefits derived from participation in this QIC, although they were equally able to identify challenges that hindered their ability to consistently provide high-quality PCC to women seeking maternity or FP services.
Trust and medical AI: the challenges we face and the expertise needed to overcome them
Authors: Quinn Thomas P , Senadeera Manisha , Jacobs Stephan , Coghlan Simon , Le Vuong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly of tremendous interest in the medical field. How-ever, failures of medical AI could have serious consequences for both clinical outcomes and the patient experience. These consequences could erode public trust in AI, which could in turn undermine trust in our healthcare institutions. This article makes 2 contributions. First, it describes the major conceptual, technical, and humanistic challenges in medical AI. Second, it proposes a solution that hinges on the education and accreditation of new expert groups who specialize in the development, verification, and operation of medical AI technologies. These groups will be required to maintain trust in our healthcare institutions.
Learning health systems, embedded research, and data standards—recommendations for healthcare system leaders
Authors: Richesson Rachel L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Learning health systems that conduct embedded research require infrastructure for the seamless adoption of clinical interventions; this infrastructure should integrate with electronic health record (EHR) systems and enable the use of existing data. As purchasers of EHR systems, and as critical partners, sponsors, and consumers of embedded research, healthcare organizations should advocate for EHR system functionality and data standards that will increase the capacity for embedded research in clinical settings. As stakeholders and proponents for EHR data standards, healthcare leaders should support standards development and promote local adoption to support quality healthcare, continuous improvement, innovative data-driven interventions, and the generation of new knowledge. “Standards-enabled” health systems will be positioned to address emergent and critical research questions, including those related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and future public health threats. The role of a data standards officer or champion could enable health systems to realize this goal.
Face Fly (Diptera: Muscidae)—Biology, Pest Status, Current Management Prospects, and Research Needs
Authors: Trout Fryxell R T , Moon R D , Boxler D J , Watson D W 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNative to Europe and Central Asia, face flies (Musca autumnalis De Geer, Diptera: Muscidae) were unintentionally introduced into North America and became pests of pastured beef cattle, dairy cattle, and horses. Female and male flies use their sponging proboscis with prestomal teeth to feed around moist, mucus membranes of an animal’s face and other body parts. While feeding, face flies agitate livestock and elicit defensive behaviors (e.g., ear flapping, head shaking and batting, hiding in deep shade, and adjustment of grazing), and they can transmit eye-inhabiting nematodes and pathogenic bacteria that cause pinkeye. Face flies can be partially controlled with feed-through insecticides that prevent development of face fly maggots in fresh cattle dung pats. Adults can be partially controlled with repellents and insecticides applied directly to animals. Trap-out tactics can be effective and may involve sticky traps placed around high animal traffic areas, such as waterers and feeders in pastures, dairy entryways, or wherever else livestock congregate in pastures. A review of the insect biology and life stages, physical and economic damages, surveillance strategies, and management options for the face fly is presented.
Do technological advances reduce the gender wage gap?
Authors: Cortes Guido Matias , Oliveira Ana , Salomons Anna 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Gender wage gaps in developed economies have narrowed substantially in past decades: these changes are driven by institutional, cultural, and economic factors. A key economic driver shaping modern labour markets is technological change, yet there is a paucity of evidence on its direct impact on gender wage disparities. We study this question by considering how men and women are differentially exposed to the structural employment and wage changes across occupations associated with advancing technology, and how this has impacted gender wage gaps since the mid-1980s for two countries, Portugal and the United States. Our findings suggest that while women have generally been less exposed to the automation of work, this has not always led to declining gender wage gaps: at times, women have transitioned to jobs where wage levels or wage growth were lower. Non-technological changes appear at least as important in understanding the evolution of the gender wage gap.
Demand Effects in the FX Forward Market: Micro Evidence from Banks’ Dollar Hedging
Authors: Puriya Abbassi , Bräuning Falk 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUsing contract-level supervisory data, we show that dollar forward sales by non-U.S. banks that are initiated at the end of a quarter and mature shortly after it concludes trade at higher prices and higher volumes. These effects are driven by banks with large net on-balance-sheet dollar assets that they can hedge around quarter ends by selling dollars forward (increasing off-balance-sheet short positions), which suggests regulatory arbitrage to reduce capital charges for open foreign exchange (FX) exposure. Our results indicate that demand effects related to banks’ management of FX exposure are an important driver of deviations from covered interest rate parity.
Contrasting functional strategies following severe drought in two Mediterranean oaks with different leaf habit:Quercus fagineaandQuercus ilexsubsp.rotundifolia
Authors: Alonso-Forn David , Peguero-Pina José Javier , Ferrio Juan Pedro , Mencuccini Maurizio , Mendoza-Herrer Óscar , Sancho-Knapik Domingo , Gil-Pelegrín Eustaquio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNowadays, evergreen sclerophyllous and winter-deciduous malacophyllous oaks with different paleogeographical origins coexist under Mediterranean-type climates, such as the mixed forests of the evergreen Quercus ilex subsp. rotundifolia Lam. and the winter-deciduous Quercus faginea Lam. Both Mediterranean oaks constitute two examples of contrasting leaf habit, so it could be expected that they would have different functional strategies to cope with summer drought. In this study, we analysed photosynthetic, photochemical and hydraulic traits of different organs for Q. faginea and Q. ilex subsp. rotundifolia under well-watered conditions and subjected to very severe drought. The coordinated response between photosynthetic and hydraulic traits explained the higher photosynthetic capacity of Q. faginea under well-watered conditions, which compensated its shorter leaf life span at the expense of higher water consumption. The progressive imposition of water stress evidenced that both types of Mediterranean oaks displayed different functional strategies to cope with water limitations. Specifically, the decrease in mesophyll conductance associated with edaphic drought seems to be the main factor explaining the differences found in the dynamics of net CO2 assimilation throughout the drought period. The sharp decline in photosynthetic traits of Q. faginea was coupled with a strong decrease in shoot hydraulic conductance in response to drought. This fact probably avoided extensive xylem embolism in the stems (i.e., ‘vulnerability segmentation’), which enabled new leaf development after drought period in Q. faginea. By contrast, leaves of Q. ilex subsp. rotundifolia showed effective photoprotective mechanisms and high resistance to drought-induced cavitation, which would be related with the longer leaf life span of the evergreen Mediterranean oaks. The co-occurrence of both types of Mediterranean oaks could be related to edaphic conditions that ensure the maintenance of soil water potential above critical values for Q. faginea, which can be severely affected by soil degradation and climate change.
Orbital Hemorrhagic Necrosis, Globe Rupture, and Death From Intraorbital Injection of 1% Sodium Deoxycholate in a Murine Model
Authors: Blessing Nathan W. , Chen Ying , Choi Catherine J. , Kanokkantapong Jugchawin , Tao Wensi , Pelaez Daniel , Lee Bradford W. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose:
Deoxycholic acid (DCA) 1% is an injectable detergent indicated for submental fat reduction, although clinically it is being injected off-label for orbital fat prolapse. It is known to cause severe inflammation, local nerve dysfunction, and tissue necrosis, all of which could be catastrophic in the orbit and periocular region. This study evaluated the effects of periocular DCA on orbital and ocular adnexal tissues in a murine model.

Methods:
Mice were treated via split-face intraorbital injections, subcutaneous injections, and topical cornea application with DCA versus phosphate-buffered saline. Whole heads were fixed, decalcified, and sectioned for orbital histology after 1–7 days. Matched pairs of human globes and mouse globes were immersed in either phosphate-buffered saline or 1% DCA for 72 hours.

Results:
Six of 11 mice receiving intraorbital DCA injections died within minutes. Surviving mice developed severe orbital inflammatory necrosis. All orbits injected with phosphate-buffered saline were clinically and histologically normal. Six mice were treated with lower concentrations of DCA and all developed variable amounts of orbital inflammation, hemorrhage, and globe necrosis. Mice receiving subcutaneous DCA injection to the lower eyelid showed inflammatory necrosis, edema, and lid malposition. Topical application of DCA to mouse corneas caused no external or histologic changes. Human and mouse globes immersed ex vivo in DCA developed corneal edema and cataract formation without observable scleral changes.

Conclusion:
Intraorbital and periocular injection of DCA can cause devastating complications in a murine model, and significant caution is advised for off-label use in the periocular region.
Impact of a Digital Diabetes Prevention Program on Risk Factors for Chronic Disease in a Workforce Cohort
Authors: Birse Charles E. , Shiffman Dov , Satish Anita , Fragala Maren S. , Arellano Andre R. , Sweet Cynthia M. Castro , Lagier Robert J. 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
Evaluate the effect of a digital Diabetes Prevention Program (dDPP) on chronic disease risk factors in a workplace population.

Methods:
dDPP participants were employees and spouses with BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 and prediabetes or diabetes (n = 84). Annual change in risk factors before and after dDPP were assessed in the dDPP group and in a retrospectively identified matched control group drawn from those who participated in a dDPP after the conclusion of this study (n = 252).

Results:
In the dDPP group, body weight, BMI, fasting glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol decreased in the post-dDPP period compared with the pre-dDPP period (P < 0.05). In the control group, no difference between the annual change before and after dDPP was observed (P > 0.37).

Conclusion:
The dDPP was effective in reducing risk factors for chronic disease in a workplace setting.
Adolescent Spinal Pain-Related Absenteeism as an Antecedent for Early Adulthood Work Presenteeism
Authors: Beales Darren , Coenen Pieter , Smith Anne , Harris Mark , Pransky Glenn , O'Sullivan Peter , Straker Leon 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
This study investigated spinal pain-related absenteeism at age 17 as a potential precursor to work presenteeism at age 23.

Methods:
A longitudinal study was performed with Raine Study Gen2 participants (n = 451). Spinal pain-related absenteeism from school/work was collected at the 17 year follow-up. Presenteeism (due to ill-health or any other reason) was collected quarterly during one year around the age of 23. Zero-inflated binominal regression analysis was conducted.

Results:
Participants with adolescent spinal pain-related absenteeism reported higher work presenteeism in early adulthood than those without pain (155.7 h/y compared to 77.7 h/y), with an incident rate ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.41 (1.04 to 1.92) after adjusting for sex, occupational class and multimorbidity count.

Conclusions:
Targeting factors associated with absenteeism behaviours during early life may have significant benefits for future work productivity.
Do Milestone Ratings Predict Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Board Certification Examination Scores?
Authors: Francisco Gerard E. , Yamazaki Kenji , Raddatz Mikaela , Sabharwal Sunil , Robinson Lawrence , Kinney Carolyn , Holmboe Eric 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education developed the Milestones to assist training programs in assessing resident physicians in the context of their participation in Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education–accredited training programs. Biannual assessments are done over a resident’s entire training period to define the trajectory in achieving specialty-specific competencies. As part of its process of initial certification, the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation requires successful completion of two examinations administered approximately 9 mos apart. The Part I Examination measures a single dimensional construct, physical medicine and rehabilitation medical knowledge, whereas Part II assesses the application of medical and physiatric knowledge to multiple domains, including data acquisition, problem solving, patient management, systems-based practice, and interpersonal and communication skills through specific patient case scenarios. This study aimed to investigate the validity of the Milestones by demonstrating its association with performance in the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation certifying examinations. A cohort of 233 physical medicine and rehabilitation trainees in 3-yr residency programs (postgraduate year 2 entry) in the United States from academic years 2014–2016, who also took the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Parts I and II certifying examinations between 2016 and 2018, were included in the study. Milestones ratings in four distinct observation periods were correlated with scores in the American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Parts I and II Examinations. Milestones ratings of medical knowledge (but not patient care, professionalism, problem-based learning, interpersonal and communication skills, and systems-based practice) predicted performance in subsequent Part I American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Examination, but none of the Milestone ratings correlated with Part II Examination scaled scores.
Outcome in young adults who were diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Wong Becky J. , Yoon Isabel A. , Krane Elliot J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a neuropathic pain condition of unknown etiology. Little is known of long-term outcomes of young adults who were diagnosed with CRPS as children.

Methods:
In this study, surveys were mailed to adults who were treated for childhood CRPS at the Lucile Packard Children's Hospital between 1994 and 2018. Completed surveys were analyzed for pain symptoms. Health-related quality-of-life surveys, the Optum SF-8, were analyzed based on norm-based scoring.

Results:
This study had a 50% response rate. Patients were treated with physical and occupational therapy, peripheral or sympathetic nerve blocks, medication for neuropathic pain, and psychotherapy. Sixty-eight percent of the subjects reported pain. Each 1-year increase in the patient's age at the time of CRPS diagnosis increased the odds of having at least mild pain as an adult by 61% (P = 0.005). Most patients had slightly lower quality-of-life scores than the US population average in both the mental component score (43.4, 95%, confidence interval 3.4) and the physical component score (44.4, 95%, confidence interval 3.3).

Conclusions:
Young adults in our sample had long-lasting pain symptoms. More than two-thirds of adult patients reported some degree of pain, and these patients had a lower quality of life. Encouraging was that the majority did not have CRPS spreading to other areas, and their pain did not warrant further treatment. Understanding long-term outcomes may lead to risk stratification earlier in the disease to improve future quality of life.