bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boolean Analysis of Interobserver Agreement: Formal and Functional Evidence Sampling in Complex Coding Endeavors
Authors: Solano‐Flores Guillermo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article proposes a Boolean approach to representing and analyzing interobserver agreement in dichotomous coding. Building on the notion that observations are samples of a universe of observations, it submits that coding can be viewed as a process in which observers sample pieces of evidence on constructs. It distinguishes between formal and functional interobserver agreement based on whether events coded by observers are, respectively, the same or different but equivalent samples of the same classes of events. Formal and functional agreement are defined as Boolean functions. The article reports on an investigation in which a Boolean approach was used to examine agreement in the coding of teacher–student social interactions. Agreement maps (devices that represent the relative frequencies of coding cases—different combinations of 1s and 0s in the observers’ coding) allowed detail examination of how interobserver agreement was shaped by the nature of the events coded and the characteristics of the individuals whose behaviors were coded. Results provide empirical evidence of formal and functional agreement as distinguishable forms of interobserver agreement. Results also show that Boolean coding analysis allows detection of ways in which coding procedures confound absence of evidence with evidence of absence. Practical and methodological implications are discussed.
Contemporaneous evaluation of patient experience, surgical strategy, and seizure outcomes in patients undergoing stereoelectroencephalography or subdural electrode monitoring
Authors: Kim Lily H. , Parker Jonathon J. , Ho Allen L. , Feng Austin Y. , Kumar Kevin K. , Chen Kevin S. , Ojukwu Disep I. , Shuer Lawrence M. , Grant Gerald A. , Graber Kevin D. , Halpern Casey H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveIntracranial electrographic localization of the seizure onset zone (SOZ) can guide surgical approaches for medically refractory epilepsy patients, especially when the presurgical workup is discordant or functional cortical mapping is required. Minimally invasive stereotactic placement of depth electrodes, stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG), has garnered increasing use, but limited data exist to evaluate its postoperative outcomes in the context of the contemporaneous availability of both SEEG and subdural electrode (SDE) monitoring. We aimed to assess the patient experience, surgical intervention, and seizure outcomes associated with these two epileptic focus mapping techniques during a period of rapid adoption of neuromodulatory and ablative epilepsy treatments.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 66 consecutive adult intracranial electrode monitoring cases at our institution between 2014 and 2017. Monitoring was performed with either SEEG (n = 47) or SDEs (n = 19).ResultsBoth groups had high rates of SOZ identification (SEEG 91.5%, SDE 88.2%, P = .69). The majority of patients achieved Engel class I (SEEG 29.3%, SDE 35.3%) or II outcomes (SEEG 31.7%, SDE 29.4%) after epilepsy surgery, with no significant difference between groups (P = .79). SEEG patients reported lower median pain scores (P = .03) and required less narcotic pain medication (median = 94.5 vs 594.6 milligram morphine equivalents, P = .0003). Both groups had low rates of symptomatic hemorrhage (SEEG 0%, SDE 5.3%, P = .11). On multivariate logistic regression, undergoing resection or ablation (vs responsive neurostimulation/vagus nerve stimulation) was the only significant independent predictor of a favorable outcome (adjusted odds ratio = 25.4, 95% confidence interval = 3.48‐185.7, P = .001).SignificanceAlthough both SEEG and SDE monitoring result in favorable seizure control, SEEG has the advantage of superior pain control, decreased narcotic usage, and lack of routine need for intensive care unit stay. Despite a heterogenous collection of epileptic semiologies, seizure outcome was associated with the therapeutic surgical modality and not the intracranial monitoring technique. The potential for an improved postoperative experience makes SEEG a promising method for intracranial electrode monitoring.
Diallelic self‐incompatibility is the main determinant of fertilization patterns in olive orchards
Authors: Mariotti Roberto , Pandolfi Saverio , De Cauwer Isabelle , Saumitou‐Laprade Pierre , Vernet Philippe , Rossi Martina , Baglivo Federica , Baldoni Luciana , Mousavi Soraya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSelf‐incompatibility (SI) in flowering plants potentially represents a major obstacle for sexual reproduction, especially when the number of S‐alleles is low. The situation is extreme in the commercially important olive tree, where in vitro pollination assays suggested the existence of a diallelic SI (DSI) system involving only two groups (G1 and G2). Varieties belonging to the same SI group cannot fertilize each other, such that successful fruit production is predicted to require pollination between varieties of different groups. To test this prediction, we explored the extent to which the DSI system determines fertilization patterns under field conditions. One hundred and seventeen olive cultivars were first genotyped using 10 highly polymorphic dinucleotide Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers to ascertain varietal identity. Cultivars were then phenotyped through controlled pollination tests to assign each of them to one of the two SI groups. We then collected and genotyped 1440 open pollinated embryos from five different orchards constituted of seven local cultivars with known group of incompatibility groups. Embryos genotype information were used: (i) to assign embryos to the most likely pollen donor genotype in the neighbourhood using paternity analysis, and (ii) to compare the composition of the pollen cloud genetic among recipient trees in the five sites. The paternity analysis showed that the DSI system is the main determinant of fertilization success under field open pollination conditions: G1 cultivars sired seeds exclusively on G2 cultivars, and reciprocally. No self‐fertilization events were observed. Our results demonstrate that DSI is a potent force determining pollination success among varieties within olive orchards used for production. They have the potential to improve management practices by guiding the selection of compatible varieties to avoid planting orchards containing sets of varieties with strongly unbalanced SI groups, as these would lead to suboptimal olive production.
Cumulative Risk and Substance Use in Adoptees: Moderation by Adoptive Parent Stress
Authors: Blake Austin J. , Waterman Jill M. , Kiff Cara J. , Guzman Jose , Langley Audra K. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveTo test whether low adoptive parent stress buffers the effect of preadoptive risk on substance use among adoptees.BackgroundAdoptees are especially susceptible to substance use in adolescence, potentially because they often experience multiple early risk factors. Because caregiver stress and child behavior problems are linked, degree of parenting stress may serve as a buffer in reducing adoptee substance use.MethodIn a longitudinal study of 82 adoptees, we tested whether cumulative preadoptive risk, parenting stress, and their interaction predicted substance use in adolescence.ResultsParents' parenting stress, but not children's preadoptive risk, predicted later substance use. Higher risk children were more positively and negatively affected by variations in parent stress.ConclusionsParenting stress is a malleable risk and protective factor in the development of substance use among adoptees.ImplicationsPrevention and intervention programs for adoptive families should target parenting stress to reduce the risk of later youth substance use.
Secondary analysis of gut hormone data from children with and without in utero exposure to gestational diabetes: Differences in the associations among ghrelin, GLP‐1, and insulin secretion
Authors: Zengul Ayse G. , Hoover Sarah ET , Chandler‐Laney Paula C. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryBackgroundIntrauterine exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Ghrelin and GLP‐1 have opposite functions in nutritional homeostasis and are associated with insulin secretion, but it is not known if individuals exposed to GDM exhibit dysregulation in these associations.ObjectiveTest the hypothesis that children exposed to GDM in utero will exhibit dysregulation among ghrelin, GLP‐1, and C‐peptide (reflecting insulin secretion).MethodsData from N = 43 children aged 5 to 10 years were included in this secondary analysis of ghrelin, GLP‐1, and C‐peptide response to a liquid meal test. Repeated measures mixed model analyses were used to measure associations among hormones.ResultsThe association of ghrelin and GLP‐1 was moderated by GDM group (P < .01), such that ghrelin was inversely associated with GLP‐1 in children without GDM exposure, but not for those exposed to GDM. GLP‐1 was positively associated with C‐peptide in both groups, but the association was stronger in those exposed to GDM (estimate = 1.06 vs 1.01).ConclusionsDifferences in the associations among ghrelin, GLP‐1, and C‐peptide displayed here suggest novel lines of research about whether the regulation of gut hormones and insulin secretion contribute to obesity and risk for T2D in children exposed to GDM.
Transitional discharge model for community mental health integration: A focused ethnographic study of clients’ perspectives
Authors: Forchuk Cheryl , Gyamfi Sebastian , Martin Mary‐Lou , Corring Deborah , Srivastava Rani , Harerimana Boniface 
Published: November 2020

AbstractClients' perceptions of continuous support during the transition from hospital to the community have been understudied. The present study evaluated clients' perceptions of the benefits and potential adjustments to the implementation of a transitional discharge model (TDM), an intervention for community integration of clients with mental health issues. A focused ethnography methodology was used to investigate the effectiveness of the TDM. Data were collected using two sets of focus groups which involved 87 clients with mental illness seeking care from nine hospitals across the Province of Ontario, Canada. One focus group was conducted at six months and another at the one‐year time point of the study. Data analysis followed a four‐step ethnographic approach proposed by Leininger (1985) for thematic analysis in qualitative research. Four main themes emerged: (i) clients' perceived benefits of the TDM. These came in the form of reassurance about transitioning from hospitalization to community, reduced feelings of isolation, and enhanced continuity of care and recovery, (ii) TDM for community integration; clients believed that the intervention offered suitable friendships, was a tool for social connectedness, and helped to reduce stigma, (iii) encountered challenges, which included issues with trust, perceiving peer supporters as intruders, issues with communication, and initial fears about discharge and (4) suggestions for improving the TDM, such as, more in‐person interactions, formalizing the TDM and raising awareness about community resources. The TDM implementation may facilitate the transition from hospital to the community by offering social support that enhances recovery.
Management of incontinence‐associated dermatitis: A systematic review of monetary data
Authors: Raepsaet Charlotte , Fourie Anika , Van Hecke Ann , Verhaeghe Sofie , Beeckman Dimitri 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe objective was to systematically review monetary data related to management of incontinence‐associated dermatitis (IAD) in an adult population. Six electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and EconLit. The search string combined index terms and text words related to IAD and monetary data. The quality of the articles was assessed using the consensus on Health Economic Criteria. Results were synthesised narratively because of methodological heterogeneity. Nine studies were included. Only direct medical costs were reported. The product cost per application for prevention ranged between $0.05 and $0.52, and for treatment between $0.20 and $0.35. The product cost per patient/day for prevention ranged between $0.23 and $20.17. The product cost of IAD prevention and treatment per patient/day ranged between $0.57 and $1.08. The cost to treat IAD did not consider the treatment of secondary infection. The calculation of labour cost and total cost differed considerably between studies. Summarising monetary data is a challenge because of heterogeneity in currencies, settings, samples, time horizons, health‐ and cost outcome valuation, IAD definition and measurements, and included costs. Procedures for health economic evaluations are to be clarified to guarantee valid interpretation and comparison with other studies.
Negative pressure wound therapy for burn patients: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Lin Dai‐Zhu , Kao Yu‐Chien , Chen Chiehfeng , Wang Hsian‐Jenn , Chiu Wen‐Kuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNegative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), which has been applied in various medical specialties to accelerate wound healing, has been the object of a few investigations. We explored the effectiveness of NPWT and the possibility of its inclusion in burn management guidelines. Randomised controlled trials comparing NPWT with non‐NPWT treatments for burn wounds were extracted from PubMed. For the risk of bias analysis, all included studies were evaluated according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the approaches outlined in the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) Handbook. Outcomes such as graft take rate in the first week, infection rate, and overall complication rate were analysed. Six studies that included a total of 701 patients met our inclusion criteria. Qualitative analysis revealed that the NPWT group had a significantly better overall graft rate in the first week (P = 0.001) and a significantly lower infection rate (P = 0.04). No significant difference in the overall complication rate was found. Our results indicate that NPWT is a safe method for stimulating healing and lowering the infection rate of burn wounds. NPWT can be part of general burn management, and its incorporation into burn treatment guidelines is recommended.
Groin wound infection after vascular exposure (GIVE) multicentre cohort study
Authors:   Groin wound Infection after Vascular Exposure (GIVE) Study Group
Published: November 2020

AbstractSurgical site infections (SSIs) of groin wounds are a common and potentially preventable cause of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs in vascular surgery. Our aim was to define the contemporaneous rate of groin SSIs, determine clinical sequelae, and identify risk factors for SSI.An international multicentre prospective observational cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing groin incision for femoral vessel access in vascular surgery was undertaken over 3 months, follow‐up was 90 days. The primary outcome was the incidence of groin wound SSI.1337 groin incisions (1039 patients) from 37 centres were included. 115 groin incisions (8.6%) developed SSI, of which 62 (4.6%) were superficial. Patients who developed an SSI had a significantly longer length of hospital stay (6 versus 5 days, P = .005), a significantly higher rate of post‐operative acute kidney injury (19.6% versus 11.7%, P = .018), with no significant difference in 90‐day mortality. Female sex, Body mass index≥30 kg/m2, ischaemic heart disease, aqueous betadine skin preparation, bypass/patch use (vein, xenograft, or prosthetic), and increased operative time were independent predictors of SSI.Groin infections, which are clinically apparent to the treating vascular unit, are frequent and their development carries significant clinical sequelae. Risk factors include modifiable and non‐modifiable variables.
A perspective on the safety of parabens as preservatives in wound care products
Authors: Torfs Eveline , Brackman Gilles 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAntimicrobial and/or preservative ingredients incorporated in wound care products are subjected to certain safety restrictions. However, several of those agents, and paraben preservatives in particular, have been criticised. Conflicting reports on the potential of parabens to induce allergic contact dermatitis, and their assumed oestrogen‐like activity, raised public health concerns about their overall safety. Here, we seek to provide a balanced perspective on the most significant purported adverse health effects, and thereby allay the many misconceptions regarding the safety of parabens. Extensive and long‐term monitoring of paraben allergy frequencies illustrate that allergic reactions are quite uncommon, especially when compared with other antimicrobial and preservative agents. The estrogenic potential of parabens was illustrated to be far less potent than that of natural oestrogen receptor ligands, and the etiological significance of their presence in human tissue has not been established. The general consensus based on investigations by both the scientific community and regulatory agencies indicates that, with current safety regulations regarding their use in place, this effective and well‐documented group of preservatives should not warrant drastic measures to replace them. As such, despite the ongoing concern, it is indicated that, when used at typical concentrations, parabens are unlikely to affect human health.
Lymphoedema, a significant health problem in Israel: A descriptive community‐based study
Authors: Tidhar Dorit , Deutscher Daniel , Armer Jane M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLymphoedema (LE) is recognised as a chronic disabling disease. Knowledge on patient characteristics, treatments, and outcomes in Israel is lacking. The aim of the study was to (a) describe demographic and health characteristics, treatments, utilisation, and functional outcomes of patients receiving physical therapy due to LE in a large nationwide healthcare provider in Israel; and (b) assess the feasibility of conducting a future practice‐based evidence (PBE) study. This is a retrospective observational cohort study. Descriptive analyses of an electronic medical record database were performed. Data from 6013 patient episodes were analysed. A high proportion of patients had two or more comorbidities (80%) and chronic medication use (85%) with increasing rates over the 8‐year period. The most frequent LE classification was stage 2 (45%). A majority of LE was in the lower limbs (51%) with increasing rates over the years. The most frequent treatment‐related activity was measuring limb circumference and the most frequent intervention was educating for self‐management. This study provides a first comprehensive description of patient characteristics receiving physical therapy for LE in Israel. The available database offers an opportunity for PBE studies. Recommendations for improvements in specific data collection processes were identified.
Digitoxin Studies
Authors: Gjerdrum Kjell 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSerum digitoxin has been determined in 144 patients by a modified Rb‐ATPase method. Mean digitoxin concentration during maintenance therapy increased with the daily dose: 0.036 mg/day – 10.8 ng/ml, 0.05 mg/day – 11.2 ng/ml, 0.071 mg/day – 16.1 ng/ml, 0.1 mg/day – 18.1 ng/ml. The increase in serum after different loading doses is presented. After withdrawal of maintenance therapy in patients the mean serum half life was 6.9 days (S.D. = 2.7 days). The correlation serum half life—serum creatinine was significant. After determination of serum concentration and serum half life in a particular patient it is possible to calculate the “proper maintenance dose” which should keep his total body store of digitoxin at an optimal value.
THE DETERIORATIVE EFFECT OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION UPON PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICES OF WORK CAPACITY
Authors: Benestad Arne M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present study has been performed in order to investigate the deteriorative effect of myocardial infarction upon physiological indices of work capacity. Sixteen male patients, averaging 52 years of age, have been tested 12 weeks after the acute episode by means of bicycle ergometry in the upright position. Each patient exercised at several loads, starting at low levels and increasing the loading until the criteria of maximality were reached. All patients tolerated well the strain of heavy muscular exercise. Their maximal oxygen uptake averaged 2.05 1/min or 26.8 ml/min/kg b.wt., which is about 25% lower than average for healthy men of corresponding age. The highest recorded heart rate averaged 163 beats/min, which is lower than for healthy people. A low maximal oxygen pulse indicates reduced stroke volume. These findings suggest a reduction of the pumping capacity of the heart. The arterial systolic B.P. showed a tendency to levelling‐off at high levels of work rate, which suggests a reduced contractile power of the cardiac muscle. In 13 patients ECG changes indicating impaired oxygenation of the myocardium occurred when the work level exceeded two‐thirds of their maximal aerobic power. At lower levels of submaximal exercise the physiological response pattern of the cardiacs was similar to that of normals, except for a tendency to higher pulmonary ventilation. The cause of this hyperventilation, which was related to an increased tidal volume, is suggested to be a change of the ventilation/perfusion rate brought about by the heart infarction.
BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF STANDARD TREATMENT WITH STREPTOKINASE IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Gormsen Johs. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe biochemical effect of standard dosage of streptokinase (SK) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) suggested to be less than 24 hours old has been evaluated. The trial was carried out in a medical department of a city hospital having no coronary unit. The SK dose was: a loading dose of 0.25 times 106 units, followed by 0.1 × 106/hour for 20 hours. Phenindione was given from the very beginning in the SK group (67 pats.) and in the control group (68 pats.). Special protocols were used. All therapy of any complication was standardized. The biochemical effect was evaluated by measuring the euglobulin clot lysis time (ELT), plasma thrombin time, fibrinogen, plasminogen, fibrinogen‐fibrin breakdown products, α‐2 macroglobulin, and α‐1 antitrypsin, and the clinical effect by close ECG. recordings and estimations of SGOT, LDH and CPK. A persistent significant fibrinolytic effect was obtained in at least 85% of the patients for 20–24 hours. Plasminogen depletion was seen in around 15%, generally lasting 1–2 days. Fibrinogen‐fibrin breakdown products developed during the SK treatment. Increased amounts were seen in a few other patients with thromboembolic complications or malignancy. Normal values were found in incomplicated cases. The lethality was identical in the two groups, which were clinically comparable but not randomized. The frequency of bleeding complications was identical, but fewer thromboembolic cases were seen in the SK group, as illustrated by autopsy. The study showed that a standard treatment can be performed without difficulties or serious complications, producing significant fibrinolytic activity in around 80–90% of the patients. The final evaluation of the possible effect of fibrinolytic therapy in AMI should be carried out in coronary units. Many well randomized patients are necessary.