bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kant on Sex. Reconsidered
Authors: Varden Helga 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter argues that in order to overcome the problems haunting Kant’s own account, we simply need to do what he should have done. We need to correctly incorporate Kant’s complex account of human nature and freedom into our theory of sex, love, and gender. Kant’s writings can show us a way to rethink sexual or gender identity and sexual orientation as capturing the various ways in which we subjectively (first-personally) experience our own embodied, sexual, and affectionate forcefulness—a basic way of feeling directed toward ourselves and others as embodied, social beings—that any good development of our sexual, affectionately loving, gendered selves must be attuned to. Additionally, once we unhook Kant’s analysis of our teleological and aesthetic employment of the imagination regarding sexuality from his unjustifiable binary assumptions, we can engage the richness of human sex, love, and gender in the necessary nuanced, respectful ways.
Kant on Sexual Violence and Oppression
Authors: Varden Helga 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter links Kant’s account of human nature to unruly sexual activity and to the consequences of sexual or gendered violence and oppression. I use the account to explore the temptation of engaging in sexual violence and oppression, the damage sexual wrongdoing can do, why and how we can heal from sexual violence, why there are historical patterns to sexual violence and oppression, and why, despite the fact that our sexually loving selves are unruly and have as possible corollaries the strongest of human emotions (passions), we are morally (ethically and legally) responsible for them. This chapter also shows how sexualized wrongdoing can be used as part of violent oppression and atrocities. Additionally, Kant’s accounts of barbarism and of formal and material wrongdoing enable us to describe how human beings can face conditions or situations in which there is no morally good way out, without abandoning Kant’s idea of absolute moral prohibitions.
Without the Corporate Entity?
Authors: Lustig Doreen 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Chapter 5 analyses the possible influence of competing conceptions of the corporate structure of authority, its ethos, and popular perceptions as a possible explanation to the treatment of corporate officials in the industrialist trials. The chapter draws inspiration from Max Weber’s typology of legitimate authority and analyses how the bureaucratic features of the Farben enterprise, the association of the Krupp officials with the tradition of German militarism, and the persona of the charismatic Friedrich Flick all contributed to their ascriptions of legitimacy and scope of their recognized responsibility. Furthermore, it analyses how conceiving the structure of authority of the German companies primarily as monopolies or cartels served to delegitimize them and thus justify harsh legal measures against them. The chapter develops a critique on the decision not to engage with a rigorous analysis of corporate structures of authority in the Industrialist Trials as part of the legal reasoning required to establish the responsibility of corporate officials in international law.
Realism, Objectivity, and Evaluation
Authors: Clarke-Doane Justin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter discusses “realist pluralism” in mathematics and morality. It argues that, under the assumption of pluralism, factual questions get deflated while practical -- i.e., what-to-do -- questions do not. It then uses this contrast to formulate a radicalization of Moore’s Open Question Argument. Practical questions remain open even when the facts, including the evaluative facts, come cheaply. The chapter concludes that practical realism must be false, but practical questions are objective in a paradigmatic respect. Conversely, mathematical realism is true, but mathematical questions fail to be objective. An important upshot of the discussion is that the concepts of realism and objectivity, which are widely identified, are actually in tension.
Introduction
Authors: Pettitt Clare 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This introductory chapter suggests that the form of the serial is more pervasive in early nineteenth-century culture than has been recognized. Starting with the growing popularity of print serials, the introduction suggests the category of seriality can be applied beyond print and used more widely to think about an emergent political and social culture in London after the Napoleonic Wars. A survey of theoretical work on seriality from different subject areas is used to show that disciplinization has tended to obscure the extent and depth of the social and political effects of seriality. The introduction suggests that the idea of an ‘historical present’ is created by a growing daily news culture and an emergent popular interest in history which were vitally connected by their serial formats.
Psychological Blackout
Authors: Pong Beryl 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Chapter 2 examines the fear of ‘civilians with shell shock’ that pervaded the interwar and early wartime years, through the imagery and metaphor of the blackout. It considers the divided subjectivities and temporalities featured in three novels: Patrick Hamilton’s Hangover Square (1941), Graham Greene’s The Ministry of Fear (1943), and Henry Green’s Caught (1943). Through memory loss or amnesia, these novels create recursive, discontinuous, or abortive narrative temporalities where the past, contrary to how it is portrayed in propaganda, creates problematic legacies for the wartime present. With a particular self-reflexivity about the role of literature and narrative, these novels address and critique how the ideology of the People’s War came to be told and represented.
China, the UN, and Human Protection
Authors: Foot Rosemary 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOver a relatively short period of time, Beijing moved from passive involvement with the UN to active engagement. How are we to make sense of the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) embrace of the UN, and what does its engagement mean in larger terms? Is it a ‘supporter’ that takes its fair share of responsibilities, or a ‘spoiler’ that seeks to transform the UN’s contribution to world order? Certainly, it is difficult to label it a ‘shirker’ in the last decade or more, given Beijing’s apparent appreciation of the UN, its provision of public goods to the organization, and its stated desire to offer ‘Chinese wisdom and a Chinese approach to solving the problems facing mankind’. This study traces questions such as these, interrogating the value of such categorization through direct focus on Beijing’s involvement in one of the most contentious areas of UN activity—human protection—contentious because the norm of human protection tips the balance away from the UN’s Westphalian state-based profile, towards the provision of greater protection for the security of individuals and their individual liberties. The argument that follows shows that, as an ever-more crucial actor within the United Nations, Beijing’s rhetoric and some of its practices are playing an increasingly important role in determining how this norm is articulated and interpreted. In some cases, the PRC is also influencing how these ideas of human protection are implemented. At stake in the questions this book tackles is both how we understand the PRC as a participant in shaping global order, and the future of some of the core norms that constitute global order.
Conclusion
Authors: Foot Rosemary 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter begins with a summary of the main findings deriving from the issue areas covered in this study. It also assesses the extent to which China’s growing power has been used in service of the firmer articulation of its ideological beliefs, together with an effort to reconstitute what it means to be a responsible great power in the global system. The chapter concludes that China’s own triadic model linking together developmentalism, the strong state, and social stability has established a place in the UN’s understanding of how human protection can best be obtained, leading to a potential diminution in the UN’s attachment to and association with its three-pillar structure of development, peace and security, and human rights as the best guarantees of the wellbeing of humankind. China is found to be a conservative actor, working to restrict the human protection focus of the UN Security Council, and to weaken the emphasis on civil and political rights as major sources of protection. The Chinese leadership’s preference is for the UN to reinforce its position as an inter-state governance mechanism where national authorities decide on priorities, and international actors are enablers of the government in power. However, the UN’s resilience in liberal normative areas and resistance to change should also not be overlooked, and remain capable of constraining China’s ability to shape new understandings of human protection. This is especially so where the different constituencies working within the UN remain attentive to the opportunities that its design, membership, and embedded procedures have provided it.
Poetry, Publishing, and Visual Culture from Late Modernism to the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Pollard Natalie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This book examines why it is important to appreciate cultural artefacts such as poems, sculptures, and buildings not as static, perfected objects, but as meshworks of entangled, mutable, and trans-personal forces. Offering six such case studies across the long twentieth century, the book focuses on how poetic works activate closer appreciation of literature’s hybridity. The book analyses how such texts are collaborative, emergent, and between-categories, and shows why this matters. It focuses, first, on how printed poetry is often produced collaboratively, in dialogue with the visual and plastic arts; and second, how it comes about through entangled and emergent agencies. Both have been overlooked in contemporary scholarship. Although this proposal makes some trouble for established disciplinary modes of reception and literary classification, for this reason, it also paves the way for new critical responses. Chiefly, Fugitive Pieces encourages the development of modes of literary critical engagement which acknowledge their uncertainty, vulnerability, and provisionality. Such reading involves encountering poems as co-constituted through materials that have frequently been treated as extra-literary, and in some cases extra-human. Focusing on works by Djuna Barnes, David Jones, F.T. Prince, Ted Hughes, Denise Riley, and Paul Muldoon, Fugitive Pieces fosters closer attention to how literary works operate beyond the boundaries of artistic categorization and agency. It examines the politics of disciplinary criticism, and the tensions between anthropocentric understandings of value and intra-agential collaborative practices. Its purpose is to stimulate much-needed analysis of printed works as combinatorial and hybrid, passing between published versions and artforms, persons and practices.
Lunatic Forms
Authors: Pollard Natalie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Chapter 1 examines derivation and re-animation in Djuna Barnes’s early-twentieth-century lyric novel, Nightwood, focusing on redeployed aesthetic figures: the sleepwalker, the unstoppable narrator, the animate statue. It shows how Barnes’s resurrection of character types is informed by the genre-fusing innovations of the commedia dell’arte. It reads Barnes in dialogue with both Laforgue’s and Verlaine’s development of the Pierrot-figure, and the sad and ominous clowns in grotesque theatre, which inform Chaplin’s Tramp and Beckett’s clowns, as well as Barnes’s characterization of the ‘doctor’. Does Nightwood cast its characters in stone, locking them into old, ritualized narrative strategies? Or are these types themselves on the move; re-animating generations of performances and forms, from Shakespeare’s bawdy, to Rabelais’s carnivalesque, to Aphra Behn’s moon-philosopher, Doctor Balierdo?
Rational Choosers
Authors: Weale Albert 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
From some points of view, Harsanyi stands apart from other theorists discussed in this book. He was a utilitarian, and he focuses on the hypothetical choices of a single individual. Nevertheless, his construction has been influential, and he has good claim to be the founder of the device of the veil of ignorance. He uses the orthodox utility theory of rationality to show that behind a veil of ignorance in which a hypothetical individual had an equal chance of being anyone in society, rationality would lead to that person adopting the principle of maximizing average utility. Utilitarianism can be represented as the maximizing choice of a rational individual behind the veil of ignorance. A central element in Harsanyi’s construction is the idea of ethical individualism, which he holds is captured in an axiom of independence defining the rationality of choice. He also revives the idea of the interpersonal comparability of utility. His reliance on interpersonal comparisons is a potential point of criticism, as is the argument that, strictly speaking, he has not shown that utilitarianism is required, as distinct from merely being consistent with, his principles of rational choice. A more fundamental criticism is that the phenomenon of preference reversals, well established in empirical literature, call into question the independence axiom. Preference reversals are intelligible. In relation to some cases, they suggest too an important distinction between rational choice and prudent choice.
Social Contract as Domination
Authors: Weale Albert 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Social contract theory aimed to provide the philosophical vindication of a democratic, just, and liberal society that utilitarianism had aspired to. However, one important strand of normative criticism is that, in effect, contract theory underwrites domination rather than emancipation, in respect of race and gender. A proper understanding of contract theory can admit that, in empirical terms, contracts can be partial rather than general, underwriting the domination of particular social groups. However, insofar as the argument relies upon a distinction between empirical and normative contracts, it relied upon assumptions that are auxiliary to the core of contract theory. The argument from the sexual contract is more radical, not least because it claims that the effect of contract theory is to distort a truthful understanding of human relations. However, it has to assume that the contract theorist is committed to libertarianism and it neglects the extent to which domination has to be sustained by force rather than the free assent that contract theory requires.
Washing Linens
Authors: North Susan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Laundry was the process by which the hygienic function of linen—as required by propriety and medicine—was regularly renewed. Chapter 9 surveys the process of washing linens (washing, bucking, drying, starching, ironing) and the tools and resources it required (water, boilers, soap, irons, clothes lines, etc). Inventories reveal which tools and materials for laundry early modern English people owned and in what spaces this work was done. Household accounts document the necessary consumables (soap and starch), how frequently and in what quantities these were purchased, and what these patterns tell us about laundry.
Sweet and Clean
Authors: North Susan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Chapter 12 draws together the evidence from the preceding ten chapters to reassess theories and practices of cleanliness in early modern England. Those with servants had both clean laundry and the necessary materials for washing or bathing regularly provided. But all of these cost money and not everyone could afford them, so one’s ability to be clean was defined by class. Cleanliness of bodies and clothes is examined through the perspective of disease, in particular typhus. Its aetiology demonstrates that it can be prevented by the regular changing and washing of underwear. Its occurrence in early modern England indicates the degree to which everyone kept their linens clean and how widely medical theories about linen and contagion might have been understood. What kept bodies and clothes clean were the habits established in infancy and propriety’s insistence on these standards.
Demobilization vs. Mobilization
Authors: Tasić Dmitar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Chapter II deals with immediate post-war situation in countries that are a focus of the study and the repercussions of their newly acquired status of either vanquished or victorious. It shows how in practical terms most of the Balkan paramilitaries didn’t step out from the war but remain ‘mobilized’ for future engagement. While Serbian chetniks were the first summoned to answer to numerous security challenges, komitajis of the IMRO and Albanian kachaks led by the Kosovo Committee didn’t want to accept new order and new realities so visible in creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and the fact that Macedonia and Kosovo and Metohija became integral part of new South Slav state. While old actors and organizations continued their struggle, new one appeared as well, such as Military or Officers League—secret organizations of Bulgarian officers who were discharged from active duty after Bulgaria as other defeated countries had to drastically reduce its armed forces and abolish conscription. As others they refused to accept new realities and were ready to work in favour of revision of existing order. Balkans also witnessed arrival of thousands of Russian emigrants as well as their former adversaries who fought on the side of the Bolsheviks. Both groups were ready to continue the struggle and immediately upon arrival they started either creating their own paramilitary structures—like communists—either wanted to preserve existing military organizations—like ‘White’ Russians.
Ethical Concepts and Problems
Authors: Løgstrup K. E. , Fink Hans 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This book concerns the nature of ethics and the relation between ethics and politics in the philosophy of Danish philosopher and theologian K. E. Løgstrup. In the book, Løgstrup argues that apart from deontology and teleology, there is a third main tradition within philosophical ethics, which he calls ontological ethics. According to Løgstrup, ontological ethics is rooted in the fundamental conditions of human life and is closely related to Martin Luther’s natural law ethics. Løgstrup sees the fundamental ethical relationship between humans as one of interdependence based on mutual vulnerability. In this respect, Løgstrup is reprising ideas from his earlier work The Ethical Demand (1956), where he introduced his ethical position. In the present book, Løgstrup connects his understanding of the ethical demand with his new key ethical conception of sovereign expressions of life, a concept he introduced a few years earlier in his 1968 Controverting Kierkegaard, but did not then discuss in relation to the ethical demand. Finally, Løgstrup also ventures into the area of political philosophy, discussing how it is possible to connect his own ontological ethics to politics.
Choice, Decision, and Resolution
Authors: Løgstrup K. E. , van Kooten Niekerk Kees , Lykke Cobos Kristian-Alberto , Fink Hans , Rabjerg Bjørn , Stern Robert 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This very short chapter distinguishes between the three closely related concepts choice, decision, and resolution. In choices, we are the masters of the situation and are able to choose as we prefer. In the decision situation there is no possibility for indifference; whatever we do or refrain from doing alters our life. Finally, resolution differs from choice in that it requires deliberation, where a choice can be made in an instant.
The Annals of Æthelred and the Early Years of Cnut
Authors: Stafford Pauline 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter considers the group of annals now found in Chronicles C, D, and E covering the reign of Æthelred II and the early years of the Danish conqueror Cnut. It discusses the identity of this group and their transmission, arguing for D and E’s close connections. The focus is on Danish invasions, but there is unusual attention to archbishops. On the basis of some annals in D, it argues, again, that D’s predecessor was in the hands of Archbishop Wulfstan II, and that these annals were thus already attached to his copy of the Northern Recension by the early 1020s. This group of annals is, it is argued, a passionate, partisan, and powerful retrospective story. It was self-consciously within the tradition begun at Alfred’s court; but in those chronicles where it is found it altered the story of the chronicle produced there.
Chronicle F and Canterbury Post-1066
Authors: Stafford Pauline 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter considers the range of work on Anglo-Saxon vernacular chronicles at Canterbury after the Norman Conquest, including additions to Chronicles A and B, and the making of the bilingual Latin and Old English Chronicle F. The scribe of Chronicle F and his monastic house, Christ Church, connected to Canterbury’s archbishops, emerge as major players. The range, which included contact with Chronicle D, the use of Chronicle /E, and the making of a brief Chronicle I, suggests a conscious engagement with the tradition of vernacular chronicle writing and an awareness of what united it. The voice of F is more overtly monastic, with Christ Church history incorporated into the story. The bilingual F, including new Latin annals, some on Norman history, in both F and /E, addressed a new mixed audience and the new situation the Conquest had created. Additions on popes and their relations with archbishops address wider European changes.
Hugo Grotius and the God of International Society
Authors: Bain William 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter presents Hugo Grotius as a theorist of immanent order. Uncovering the theological presuppositions of Grotius’s thought suggests that the claims of the ‘Grotian tradition’ of international society are substantially incorrect. Grotius is neither the far-sighted jurist nor the pioneer of modernity that he is typically made out to be. Investigating his conception of God as both rational and free informs a hierarchical and interconnected pattern of order that is luminous to reason, consistent with the theory of immanent order. The chapter argues that, despite being credited with secularizing natural law, Grotius’s thinking about law and rights is accommodated within God’s rational plan of the universe. This leads to two further claims. First, Grotius’s thought is less modern and less secular than it is typically portrayed by theorists of international order. Second, his thought exemplifies one of two poles (the other is represented by Hobbes) between which modern theories of international order oscillate. However, the theory of immanent of order survives mainly as a rhetoric that is set against what is done in the name of will and artifice.