bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flood Mapping of Fadama Areas in Ile Ife, Nigeria Using Geospatial Techniques
Authors: Adewoyin J. E. , Ogunyemi S. A. , Samson S. A. , Adamu M. O. , Fasote O. 
Published: February 2020

Flooding is a serious, common, and costly hazard that many countries face regularly, therefore a global concern. Vulnerability to flood hazards is likely to increase unless effective flood mitigation and management activities are implemented. Flooding is one of the most common environmental issues in the southern and the eastern part of Nigeria alongside with deforestation and erosion.
There is need to have information on flood risk and basis for priority setting on political decision on risk mitigation and management of fadama farmers in the study area and since there is lack of information on these, hence the study.
The study mapped out fadama areas in the study area (Ife East and Ife Central), identified areas susceptible to flooding, studied the effect of flooding on fadama production in terms of economic and social implication and examined the mitigating efforts of farmers.
Eleven Fadama points were mapped out and almost all are in the low elevation (3.5–7.1% slope) which made them prone to/or at risk of flooding during high peak of rainy season. Majority of the fadama farmers have a means of militating against flood by dredging the water ways but no government intervention has been done to assist them. All Fadama farmers are literate, therefore any assistance by the government would be embraced and not misunderstood.
Effects of Air Pollution on the Vital Capacity of Commercial Motorcyclists in Nigeria Population
Authors: Ezeja G. U. , Onwudiwe C. U. , Nwodo O. D. , Umahi-Ottah G. , Nwobodo N. D. 
Published: February 2020

Background: Ambient air pollution is a serious challenge to human health in most West African countries including Nigeria.
Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the effects of dust inhalation on the vital capacity of commercial motorcyclists in Abakaliki metropolis.
Methods: 200 subjects participated in this study, 100 commercial motorcyclists (test group) and 100 non-motorcyclists (control group). The mean ± S.D of their age, height and weight were calculated. Vital capacity was measured using a spirometer. A questionnaire and consent form was filled by every participant before the commencement of the study. A handheld laser dust measuring device called air sampler PCE-PCO 1 was used to analyze the quantity, quality and sizes of particulate matters present in the research area.
Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics; Mean and standard deviations were calculated and the Z-test was used to test if the mean were significantly different. Level of significance was set at 95%.
Results: The age of participants were within the range of 25 – 30 years. Commercial motorcyclists were exposed to particulate matter 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5 µm. The vital capacity of commercial motorcyclists was significantly lower than that of non-motorcyclists (p =0.01). Furthermore, a significant decrease in the vital capacity of commercial motorcyclists was observed when correlated with the number of years spent in the job (p = 0.03). There was also a significant correlation between vital capacity and hours spent per week among commercial motorcyclists (r = 0.245).
Conclusion: Commercial motorcyclists need to be encouraged to adopt respiratory health safety strategies like use of full-face helmets, practice of active cycle of breathing techniques and also, be educated on air pollution hazards by public health workers.
Mild and Regioselective Three‐component Heteroarylation‐Nitration of Alkenes with Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and tert‐Butyl Nitrite
Authors: Zhang Jie , Xie Shentong , Liu Ping , Sun Peipei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAn efficient and regioselective three‐component heteroarylation‐nitration of alkenes with imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and tert‐butyl nitrite has been developed. The process tolerants a variety of functional groups under mild conditions in the absence of catalysts and additives to give nitro functionalized imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine derivatives in moderate to good yields. The reaction is also applicable for some other aza‐heterocycles.magnified image
From Unipolar, WORM‐Type to Ambipolar, Bistable Organic Electret Memory Device by Controlling Minority Lateral Transport
Authors: He Waner , Xu Wenchao , He Huixin , Jing Xiaosai , Liu Chuan , Feng Jiajun , Luo Chunlai , Fan Zhen , Wu Sujuan , Gao Jinwei , Zhou Guofu , Lu Xubing , Liu Junming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWrite‐once‐read‐many (WORM) memory behavior is often observed in polymer electret memory (PEM) devices, greatly limiting their overall performance. This paper systematically investigates the device physics of PEM devices with poly(α‐methylstyrene) as a charge trapping layer and pentacene as a semiconductor channel. The combined experiments on transistors, capacitances, and optical spectroscopy reveal that both the WORM memory behavior after negative and positive pulses and the gradual formation of memory after the continuous scanning are the results of the deficiency in minority (electrons) transport and trapping. Corresponding quantitative models are established and well explain the two‐stage, gradual trapping processes to form memory. By reducing the structural disorder and lateral channel length, ambipolar, bistable memory and much faster formation of memory window is obtained based on the same PEM device. The insights into device physics of PEM devices are expected to facilitate the design of organic, nonvolatile memory devices with high programming and erasing efficiencies.
All‐Hydrocarbon MEA for PEM Water Electrolysis Combining Low Hydrogen Crossover and High Efficiency
Authors: Klose Carolin , Saatkamp Torben , Münchinger Andreas , Bohn Luca , Titvinidze Giorgi , Breitwieser Matthias , Kreuer Klaus‐Dieter , Vierrath Severin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHydrocarbon ionomers bear the potential to significantly lower the material cost and increase the efficiency of proton‐exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE). However, no fully hydrocarbon membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with a performance comparable to Nafion‐MEAs has been reported. PEMWE‐MEAs are presented comprising sPPS as membrane and electrode binder reaching 3.5 A cm−2 at 1.8 V and thus clearly outperforming state‐of‐the‐art Nafion‐MEAs (N115 as membrane, 1.5 A cm−2 at 1.8 V) due to a significantly lower high frequency resistance (57 ± 4 mΩ cm² vs 161 ± 7 mΩ cm²). Additionally, pure sPPS‐membranes show a three times lower gas crossover (<0.3 mA cm−2) than Nafion N115‐membranes (>1.1 mA cm−2) in a fully humidified surrogate test. Furthermore, more than 80 h of continuous operation is shown for sPPS‐MEAs in a preliminary durability test (constant current hold at 1 A cm−2 at 80 °C). These results rely on the unique transport properties of sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfone) (sPPS) that combines high proton conductivity with low gas crossover.
Improved plant yield efficiency alleviates the erratic optimum density in maize
Authors: Mylonas Ioannis , Sinapidou Evaggelia , Remountakis Emmanouel , Sistanis Iosif , Pankou Chrysanthi , Ninou Elissavet , Papadopoulos Ioannis , Papathanasiou Fokion , Lithourgidis Anastasios , Gekas Fotakis , Dordas Christos , Tzantarmas Constantinos , Kargiotidou Anastasia , Tokamani Maria , Sandaltzopoulos Raphael , Tokatlidis Ioannis S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlant yield efficiency (PYE) reflects the ability of the single‐plant to respond to additional inputs and is fully expressed at the nil‐competition regime (an ultra‐low density to preclude inter‐plant interference for inputs). The purpose of this study was to determine if PYE could prevent the erratic optimum plant density–yield interaction effect in maize (Zea mays L.). Seven hybrids were evaluated across five environments at four densities, under both the normal‐input regime (NIR) and low‐input regime (LIR). Plant yield efficiency was measured at the lowest density approaching the nil‐competition regime (0.74 plants m–2), while crop (per area) yield potential was estimated at the highest density corresponding to the typical farming density in the NIR (8.89 plants m–2). In terms of optimum density, the hybrids varied extensively in the NIR (6.64–8.81 plants m–2) but performed similarly in the LIR (5.11–5.61 plants m–2). The hybrid displaying the highest PYE also had high harvest index (HI) and low anthesis to silking interval (ASI) and was proved the most stable according to various stability statistics including the genotype and genotype by environment (GGE) biplot model. In conclusion, crop yield by density interaction is a matter of hybrid. Hybrids with low PYE have inconsistent optimum density, which is a causal factor of yield loss in rainfed maize. High PYE improves hybrid flexibility and performance at low densities ultimately enhancing crop resilience to extremely fluctuating environments.
Frontline treatment with the combination obinutuzumab ± chlorambucil for chronic lymphocytic leukemia outside clinical trials: Results of a multinational, multicenter study by ERIC and the Israeli CLL study group
Authors: Herishanu Yair , Shaulov Adir , Fineman Riva , Bašić‐Kinda Sandra , Aviv Ariel , Wasik‐Szczepanek Ewa , Jaksic Ozren , Zdrenghea Mihnea , Greenbaum Uri , Mandac Inga , Simkovic Martin , Morawska Marta , Benjamini Ohad , Spacek Martin , Nemets Anatoly , Bairey Osnat , Trentin Livio , Ruchlemer Rosa , Laurenti Luca , Stanca Ciocan Oana , Doubek Michael , Shvidel Lev , Dali Nagib , Mirás Fátima , De Meûter Anne , Dimou Maria , Mauro Francesca R. , Coscia Marta , Bumbea Horia , Szász Róbert , Tadmor Tamar , Gutwein Odit , Gentile Massimo , Scarfò Lydia , Tedeschi Alessandra , Sportoletti Paolo , Gimeno Vázquez Eva , Marquet Juan , Assouline Sarit , Papaioannou Maria , Braester Andrei , Levato Luciano , Gregor Michael , Rigolin Gian M. , Loscertales Javier , Medina Perez Angeles , Nijziel Marten R. , Popov Viola M. , Collado Rosa , Slavutsky Irma , Itchaki Gilad , Ringelstein Shimrit , Goldschmidt Neta , Perry Chava , Levi Shai , Polliack Aaron , Ghia Paolo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn recent years, considerable progress has been made in frontline therapy for elderly/physically unfit patients with CLL. The combination of obinutuzumab and chlorambucil (O‐Clb) has been shown to prolong progression free survival (PFS, median PFS‐31.5 months) and overall survival (OS) compared to chlorambucil alone. More recently, obinutuzumab given in combination with either ibrutinib or venetoclax improved PFS but not OS when compared to O‐Clb. In this retrospective multinational, multicenter co‐operative study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of frontline treatment with O ± Clb in unfit patients with CLL, in a “real‐world” setting. Patients with documented del (17p13.1)/TP53 mutation were excluded. A total of 437 patients (median age, 75.9 years; median CIRS score, 8; median creatinine clearance, 61.1 mL/min) were included. The clinical overall response rate was 80.3% (clinical complete and partial responses in 38.7% and 41.6% of patients, respectively). Median observation time was 14.1 months and estimated median PFS was 27.6 months (95% CI, 24.2‐31.0). In a multivariate analysis, high‐risk disease [del (11q22.3) and/or IGHV‐unmutated], lymph nodes of diameter > 5 cm, obinutuzumab monotherapy and reduced cumulative dose of obinutuzumab, were all independently associated with shorter PFS. The median OS has not yet been reached and estimated 2‐year OS is 88%. In conclusion, in a “real‐world” setting, frontline treatment with O‐Clb achieves PFS comparable to that reported in clinical trials. Inferior outcomes were noted in patients with del (11q22.3) and/or unmutated IGHV and those treated with obinutuzumab‐monotherapy. Thus, O‐Clb can be still considered as legitimate frontline therapy for unfit CLL patients with low‐risk disease.
Seasonal variations in physical activity and sedentary behavior among preschool children in a Central China city
Authors: Chang Zhenya , Wang Shuming , Zhang Xiaohui 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeSeasonality is an important factor in children's physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB); thus, the aim of this study was to explore the seasonal characteristics of Chinese preschool children's PA and SB.MethodPreschool children (n = 65) from a kindergarten middle class in Changsha, the capital city of Hunan Province in Central China, were recruited, and a three‐axis accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X‐BT) was used to longitudinally track their PA and SB status. One‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and Friedman tests were employed for analysis, with significance set at P < .05.ResultsThe levels of both total of physical activity and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity were the highest in spring and the lowest in winter. The level of SB was the opposite, being the lowest in spring and the highest in winter, whereas there were no significant differences in light physical activity across different seasons. The seasonality of PA in preschool children may be influenced by several factors, such as gender, time period, preschool education curriculum, and weather conditions.ConclusionsSeasonal variation in PA and SB are considered important for child educators, who should combine related factors to construct potentially ideal interventions to promote the PA of children during different seasons.
My life among the apes
Authors: Mitani John C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractI have spent over 40 years studying the behavior of our closest living relatives, the apes. In this paper, I review my research on the spacing, mating, and vocal behavior of gibbons and orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) and the vocal and social behavior of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). I devote special attention to results derived from a 25‐year‐long study of a remarkable and extraordinarily large group of chimpanzees that has recently fissioned at Ngogo in Kibale National Park, Uganda. I conclude with some advice for the next generation of field primatologists.
Divergent Biomimetic Total Syntheses of Ganocins A–C, Ganocochlearins C and D, and Cochlearol T
Authors: Shao Hui , Gao Xiaonan , Wang Zhong‐Tian , Gao Ziwei , Zhao Yu‐Ming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA divergent synthetic approach to six Ganoderma meroterpenoids, namely ganocins A–C, ganocochlearins C and D, and cochlearol T, has been developed for the first time. This synthetic route features a two‐phase strategy which includes early‐stage rapid construction of a common planar tricyclic intermediate followed by highly selective late‐stage transformations into various Ganoderma meroterpenoids. Key to the strategy are a bioinspired intramolecular hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction and Stahl‐type oxidative aromatization, allowing efficient formation of the common tricyclic phenol intermediate. A nucleophilic dearomatization of the phenol unit, combined with a regioselective 1,4‐reduction of the resulting dienone, enabled rapid access to ganocins B and C. Additionally, site‐selective Mukaiyama hydration, followed by an intramolecular oxa‐Michael addition/triflation cascade, served as a key strategic element in the chemical synthesis of ganocin A.
Improvement of adhesion properties of enzyme‐loaded coating on random packing in transesterification
Authors: Wang Honghai , Lu Yifan , Liang Jun , Duan Baoxuan , Li Chunli , Yin Yi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe stability of immobilized enzyme on packing is an important factor to limit the development of enzyme‐catalyzed reaction distillation. The modified sol loaded with Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) was fixed on random packing (316 L stainless steel wire mesh) by spraying method to form an enzyme‐loaded coating, which was applied to catalyze the esterification of ethyl acetate and n‐butanol. The addition of 1‐[3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ureido (UPS) enhanced the stability of the CALB, and the mechanism of its combination was explored from a microscopic perspective. And then, it was confirmed by scratch resistance test that adhesion of enzyme‐loaded coating in packing was improved 19%. The esterification reaction showed that the addition of UPS had little effect on the conversion rate while improving the stability of the coating. These results suggest that the effect of UPS treatment on the enzyme‐loaded coating performance significantly enhanced the long‐term effect of enzyme‐loaded packing.
Highly stretchable hydrogels for sensitive pressure sensor and programmable surface patterning by thermal bubble inkjet technology
Authors: Huang Zheguan , Feng Xiaoyuan , Zhang Tingting , Liu Zhibin , Zhu Bojie , Xie Yonglin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHydrogels with tough strength, programmable deformation are crucial for their practical applications. In this work, we reported the preparation and the programmable shape deformations of highly stretchable hydrogel. The graphene oxide/polyacrylamide/sodium alginate composite hydrogel was prepared, its microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. An aqueous calcium solution was selectively printed onto the hydrogel surfaces using an inkjet printer, resulting in programmable deformation of the composite hydrogel by creating regions of swelling/deswelling when subjected to external stimulations. Next, we fabricated a pressure‐capacitance hydrogel sensor to demonstrate its application. Furthermore, the deformation rate and extent of the hydrogels can be controlled by adjusting the printing pattern position, number, length, and calcium solution concentration. Finally, several complex 2D and 3D shapes were fabricated by printing appropriate patterns on one or both surfaces of the hydrogel sheets.
Development and characterization of 17 microsatellite markers for Sonchus oleraceus
Authors: Kim Seon‐Hee , Kim Hye‐Been , Cho Min‐Seong , Kim Chang‐Seok , Kim Seung‐Chul 
Published: February 2020

PremiseThe common sowthistle, Sonchus oleraceus (Asteraceae), is a globally invasive weedy species. In order to investigate its genetic diversity, population genetic structure, and evolutionary history, we developed and characterized nuclear simple sequence repeat markers (SSRs or microsatellites).Methods and ResultsSeventeen microsatellite primer pairs were developed based on the Illumina sequence data. Ten developed SSR loci were polymorphic in four populations sampled from broad geographical regions. The number of alleles per locus ranged from one to 11, and the levels of observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.000 to 1.000 and from 0.000 to 0.801, respectively. Up to 82% of the newly developed primer pairs were successfully amplified in the congeneric taxa S. asper, S. asper subsp. glaucescens, S. canariensis, and S. palmensis.ConclusionsThe SSR markers developed in this study will be useful for future population genetic studies on S. oleraceus and other congeneric species.
Integrated bioinformatics analysis of the crucial candidate genes and pathways associated with glucocorticoid resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Chen Yanxin , Jiang Peifang , Wen Jingjing , Wu Zhengjun , Li Jiazheng , Chen Yuwen , Wang Lingyan , Gan Donghui , Chen Yingyu , Yang Ting , Lin Minhui , Hu Jianda 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GC) are the foundation of the chemotherapy regimen in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, resistance to GC is observed more frequently than resistance to other chemotherapy agents in patients with ALL relapse. Moreover, the mechanism underlying the development of GC resistance in ALL has not yet been fully uncovered. In this study, we used bioinformatic analysis methods to integrate the candidate genes and pathways participating in GC resistance in ALL and subsequently verified the bioinformatics findings with in vitro cell experiments. Ninety‐nine significant common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with GC resistance were determined by integrating two gene profile datasets, including GC‐sensitive and ‐resistant samples. Using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and REACTOME pathways analysis, the signaling pathways in which DEGs were significantly enriched were clustered. The GC resistance‐related biologically functional interactions were visualized as DEG‐associated Protein–Protein Interaction (PPI) network complexes, with 98 nodes and 127 edges. MYC, a node which displayed the highest connectivity in all edges, was highlighted as the core gene in the PPI network. Increased C‐MYC expression was observed in adriamycin‐resistant BALL‐1/ADR cells, which we demonstrated was also resistant to dexamethasone. These results outlined a panorama in which the solitary and scattered experimental results were integrated and expanded. The potential promising target of the candidate pathways and genes involved in GC resistance of ALL was concomitantly revealed.
Local delivery of dinutuximab from lyophilized silk fibroin foams for treatment of an orthotopic neuroblastoma model
Authors: Ornell Kimberly J. , Taylor Jordan S. , Zeki Jasmine , Ikegaki Naohiko , Shimada Hiroyuki , Coburn Jeannine M. , Chiu Bill 
Published: February 2020

AbstractImmunotherapy targeting GD2 is a primary treatment for patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma. Dinutuximab is a monoclonal antibody with great clinical promise but is limited by side effects such as severe pain. Local delivery has emerged as a potential mechanism to deliver higher doses of therapeutics into the tumor bed, while limiting systemic toxicity. We aim to deliver dinutuximab locally in a lyophilized silk fibroin foam for the treatment of an orthotopic neuroblastoma mouse model. Dinutuximab‐loaded silk fibroin foams were fabricated through lyophilization. In vitro release profile and bioactivity of the release through complement‐dependent cytotoxicity were characterized. MYCN‐amplified neuroblastoma cells (KELLY) were injected into the left gland of mice to generate an orthotopic neuroblastoma model. Once the tumor volume reached 100 mm3, dinutuximab‐, human IgG‐, or buffer‐loaded foams were implanted into the tumor and growth was monitored using high‐resolution ultrasound. Post‐resection histology was performed on tumors. Dinutuximab‐loaded silk fibroin foams exhibited a burst release, with slow release thereafter in vitro with maintenance of bioactivity. The dinutuximab‐loaded foam significantly inhibited xenograft tumor growth compared to IgG‐ and buffer‐loaded foams. Histological analysis revealed the presence of dinutuximab within the tumor and neutrophils and macrophages infiltrating into dinutuximab‐loaded silk foam. Tumors treated with local dinutuximab had decreased MYCN expression on histology compared to control or IgG‐treated tumors. Silk fibroin foams offer a mechanism for local release of dinutuximab within the neuroblastoma tumor. This local delivery achieved a significant decrease in tumor growth rate in a mouse orthotopic tumor model.