bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between the histopathological and immunophenotypical features of hypopigmented and nonhypopigmented mycosis fungoides: A retrospective study
Authors: Jayasinghe Dinesha Ruwanthi , Dissanayake Karuna , de Silva Mannikawadumesthri Vipula Chandu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMycosis fungoides (MF), the commonest primary cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, has classic and variant types which include hypopigmented MF (HMF). Previous studies have identified distinct clinicopathological profiles in HMF. This study aims to objectively compare the clinicopathological features of HMF with non‐HMF lesions in order to characterize salient features of HMF.MethodsThis cross‐sectional, retrospective study analyzed biopsy specimens of 87 patients with MF. HMF and non‐HMF groups were compared using clinical data, immunophenotypic features and scores given for six histopathological features: dermal infiltrate, basilar and superficially extending epidermotropism, Pautrier microabscesses and dermal and epidermotropic lymphocytic atypia.ResultsSeventy‐six patients had HMF. Presentation in females (59.21%; p = .04) and patch stage (88.16%; p = .01) in HMF were significant, and HMF presented at a younger mean age when compared to non‐HMF. Both groups had equal intensity of epidermotropism, with HMF showing milder dermal infiltrates and significantly less dermal atypia. Pautrier microabscesses were significantly commoner in non‐HMF (LR 10.76; p < .01). 94.74% of HMF were CD4−/CD8+.ConclusionHMF presents at a lower age and earlier stage with female predominance compared to non‐HMF. Because of milder dermal infiltrates, less dermal atypia, and Pautrier microabscesses, the diagnosis of HMF requires correlation with clinical features and careful assessment of epidermotropic cells.
Irbesartan treatment does not influence plasma levels of the dicarbonyls methylglyoxal, glyoxal and 3‐deoxyglucosone in participants with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria: An IRMA2 sub‐study
Authors: Piazza M. , Hanssen N. M. J. , Persson F. , Scheijen J. L. , van de Waarenburg M. P. H. , van Greevenbroek M. M. J. , Rossing P. , Hovind P. , Stehouwer C. D. A. , Parving H‐H. , Schalkwijk C. G. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimAngiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) reduce vascular complications in diabetes independently of blood pressure. Experimental studies suggested that ARBs may restore the detoxifying enzyme glyoxalase 1, thereby lowering dicarbonyls such as methylglyoxal. Human data on the effects of ARBs on plasma dicarbonyl levels are lacking. We investigated, in individuals with type 2 diabetes, whether irbesartan lowered plasma levels of the dicarbonyls methylglyoxal, glyoxal, 3‐deoxyglucosone and their derived advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and increased d‐lactate, reflecting greater methylglyoxal flux.MethodsWe analysed a subset of the Irbesartan in Patients with T2D and Microalbuminuria (IRMA2) study. We measured plasma dicarbonyls methylglyoxal, glyoxal and 3‐deoxyglucosone, free AGEs and d‐lactate using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass‐spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) in the treatment arm receiving 300 mg irbesartan (n = 121) and a placebo group (n = 101) at baseline and after 1 and 2 years. Effect of treatment was analysed with repeated measurements ANOVA.ResultsThere was a slight, but significant difference in baseline median methylglyoxal levels [placebo 1119 (907–1509) nmol/l vs. irbesartan 300 mg 1053 (820–1427) nmol/l], but no significant changes were observed in any of the plasma dicarbonyls over time in either group and there was no effect of irbesartan treatment on plasma free AGEs or d‐lactate levels at either 1 or 2 years.ConclusionIrbesartan treatment does not change plasma levels of the dicarbonyls methylglyoxal, glyoxal and 3‐deoxyglucosone, free AGEs or d‐lactate in type 2 diabetes. This indicates that increased dicarbonyls in type 2 diabetes are not targetable by ARBs, and other approaches to lower systemic dicarbonyls are needed in type 2 diabetes. (Clinical Trial Registry No: #NCT00317915).
Feeling Stuck: Exploring the Development of Felt Constraint in Romantic Relationships
Authors: Jamison Tyler B. , Beckmeyer Jonathon J. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThis research investigates the processes leading to felt constraint in romantic relationships.BackgroundRomantic commitment can be driven by a genuine desire to remain romantically involved with a partner, or it can be motivated by real or perceived constraints (e.g., shared property, psychological control or coercion, perceived obligations to one's partner) that make leaving relationships challenging. When relationship commitment and stability are driven by constraints rather than personal desire, individuals may feel “stuck” in their romantic unions, leading to negative outcomes for both individuals and couples.MethodUsing data from in‐depth interviews with 35 individuals about their relationship histories, we employed grounded theory techniques to define and explain the process of entering and exiting relationships with high levels of felt constraint (i.e., stuck relationships). The final sample included 14 individuals discussing 21 stuck relationships.ResultsParticipants often entered stuck relationships in their teens and early 20s. Based on positive early experiences, couples quickly accrued barriers to breakup (e.g., cohabitation, marriage, children, family entanglement) that sustained the partnership despite declines in relationship satisfaction. The decision to leave stuck relationships was often motivated by maturing out of the relationship or becoming more aware of alternatives.ConclusionsOur study adds additional support for the notion that constraints are not universally problematic but must be understood within the context of the developing relationship in order to determine their likely consequences.ImplicationsOur findings support relationship education focused on building an individual's capacity to (a) assess the future viability of their partnerships and (b) overcome barriers to breakup if and when that becomes relevant.
Prevalence of HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) in Turkey and assessment of Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE‐R) test as a screening tool
Authors: Korten V , Ay U , Harı E , Tigen Tükenmez E , Gencer S , Akça Kalem S , Demirtaş Tatlıdede A , Gürvit İH 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE‐R) and three questions (3Qs, European Aids Clinical Society Guidelines) as potential screening tools for HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). In addition, we tried to determine the prevalence and associated factors for HAND among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Turkey.MethodsPersons living with HIV were enrolled from two teaching hospitals between March 2018 and September 2018. Participants underwent screening tools, a neuropsychological test battery (NTB) and an assessment of activities of daily living. HAND was diagnosed according to Frascati's criteria and applying the Global Deficit Score (GDS) approach. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to compare the predictive accuracy of ACE‐R to that of the NP test battery. Factors associated with HAND were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe study sample included 162 participants (94% male). The HAND prevalence was 45.7% [asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI), 37.7%; mild neurocognitive disorder (MND), 7.4%; HIV‐associated dementia (HAD), 0.6%] according to the Frascati criteria and 31.5% (ANI, 25.9%; MND, 4.9%; HAD, 0.6%) using the GDS. In the ROC analysis, the ACE‐R showed an area under the curve of 0.68 at a cut‐off score of 89. The sensitivity, specificity and correct classification rate of screening tests for HAND diagnosis were as follows: ACE‐R (62.2%, 67%, 64.8%) and 3Qs (10.8%, 88.6%, 53%). In multivariate analysis, only education level (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.76–0.92, P ≤ 0.001) was an independent risk factor for HAND.ConclusionsHAND is a common comorbidity in PLWH in Turkey. The sensitivities and specificities of 3Qs and the ACE‐R as screening tools are lower than desired.
Rikers Island Jail Complex: The Use of Social History to Inform Current Debates on Incarceration in New York City
Authors: MOONEY JAYNE , SHANAHAN JARROD 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRikers Island is the main jail complex for New York City. At its height in the 1990s, 22,000 people were incarcerated there. Having attracted national and international condemnation, it is regarded as one of the city's biggest failures: a magnet for scandal and controversy. In 2017, Mayor Bill de Blasio pledged that the complex would be closed within ten years with smaller ‘state of the art’ jails built to replace it. Our research explores the social history of Rikers from its origins to the present day, in a bid to provide a more nuanced understanding of the island and incarceration in New York City, and to engage with ongoing debate on the future of penal reform.
MicroRNA‐223 negatively regulates LPS‐induced inflammatory responses by targeting NLRP3 in human dental pulp fibroblasts
Authors: Wang D. , Sun S. , Xue Y. , Qiu J. , Ye T. , Zhang R. , Song B. , He W. , Zhang Y. , Jiang W. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the effect of miR‐223 on NLRP3, subsequently regulating the production of the NLRP3/CASP1 inflammasome pathway‐mediated proinflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐18 in human dental pulp fibroblasts (HDPFs).MethodologyHuman dental pulp tissue (HDPT) and HDPFs were obtained from impacted third molars. The miR‐223 mimics and inhibitor or NLRP3 plasmid were used to upregulate or downregulate miR‐223 or NLRP3 in HDPFs, respectively. Computational prediction via TargetScan 5.1 and a luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm target association. The mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, caspase‐1, IL‐1β and IL‐18 was determined by qRT‐PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The release of IL‐1β and IL‐18 was analysed by ELISA. The significance of the differences between the experimental and the control groups was determined using one‐way analysis of variance; P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.ResultsA decrease in miR‐223 and an increase in NLRP3 in HDPT occurred during the transformation of reversible pulpitis into irreversible pulpitis compared to that in healthy pulp tissue (P < 0.05). The computational prediction and luciferase reporter assay confirmed that NLRP3 was a direct target of miR‐223 in HDPFs. The miR‐223 inhibitor further promoted ATP plus LPS‐induced NLRP3/CASP1 inflammasome pathway activation compared to the ATP plus LPS‐induced group (P < 0.05). In contrast, the miR‐223 mimic significantly inhibited the NLRP3/CASP1 inflammasome pathway activation induced by ATP plus LPS compared to the ATP plus LPS‐induced group (P < 0.05).ConclusionMiR‐223 served as a negative regulator involved in the control of the production and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines mediated by the NLRP3/CASP1 inflammasome pathway by targeting NLRP3. These data provide insight into the potential regulatory effects of miRNAs on the NLRP3 inflammasome, thus opening up novel potential therapeutic avenues for future endodontic treatment.
Improvement of flexural bond strength of zirconia‐resin cement by surface patterning using sub‐nanosecond UV laser
Authors: Akay Canan , Turan Neslihan , Karakış Duygu , Angurel Luis Alberto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractZirconia is a dental material that shows excellent biocompatibility and high strength in clinical applications. This study aims to evaluate the effects of ultrafast laser applications. The surface nanostructures were classified into three groups. Group 1 was generated using the burst mode, with three different distances between dots: 52 µm (Group 1a), 104 µm (Group 1b), and 156 µm (Group 1c). Group 2 was processed using the scanning mode configuration, with a set of parallel lines. Group 3 was also processed using this scanning configuration creating a set of square‐shaped patterning. Group 4 was the control group. After the surface treatments, a pair of zirconia specimens was bonded end to end with resin cement. Flexural bond strength (FBS) test was applied in a universal test machine. Multiple comparisons were performed using a one‐way analysis of variance and the Tukey's HSD test. All the samples that were treated with the laser showed higher FBS values than the untreated surface. Using the burst mode, preformed circular‐shaped surface on an angle of 900 at 52 µm distance (Group 1a) showed the highest FBS values among all groups (p < .05). Groups 2 and 3 had significantly higher values than 1b and 1c.
Clinical and histopathological changes in different KIR gene profiles in chronic HCV Romanian patients
Authors: Ursu Larisa Denisa , Calenic Bogdan , Diculescu Mircea , Dima Alina , Stoian Iulia Teodora , Constantinescu Ileana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected individuals may have a faster progression of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development when influenced by host, viral and environmental factors. Hepatitis C virus disease progression is also associated with genetic variants of specific killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptors (KIRs) and genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The aim of the present study was to correlate clinical, virologic and biochemical parameters and to evaluate the possible influence of KIR genes and their HLA class I ligands in patients infected with hepatitis C virus. The present study analysed a total of 127 chronic HCV‐infected patients for various biochemical and genetics factors that can influence disease progression and prognosis. Liver function parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), direct bilirubin (DB), alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), HCV RNA levels and fibrosis indices were analysed using well‐established biochemical methods. At the same time, KIR and HLA genotyping was performed using a polymerase chain reaction sequence‐specific primer technique. Analysis of HLA class I and HLA ligands revealed that HLA‐C*12:02 and HLA‐A3 and HLA‐A11 were positively associated with the F3‐F4 fibrosis group (p = .026; OR = 8.717, CI = 1.040–73.077; respectively, p = .047; OR = 2.187; 95% CI = 1.066–4.486). KIR2DL2‐positive patients had high median levels of AST after treatment and direct bilirubin levels when compared to KIR2DL2‐negative patients (p = .013, respectively, p = .028). KIR2DL2/KIR2DL2‐C1C1 genotype was associated with increased AST, ALT and GGT levels. A higher GGT level was also observed in KIR2DS2‐C1‐positive patients when compared to KIR2DS2‐C1‐negative patients. The present research demonstrates several links between specific clinical, virologic and biochemical parameters and the expression of KIR genes and their HLA ligands in HCV‐infected patients. These connections should be taken into account when considering disease development and treatment.
On social regionalism in transnational labour law
Authors: BLACKETT Adelle 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article historicizes social regionalism as a principled and pragmatic response to the breakdown of the embedded liberal bargain and the encasing of an international economic order that was designed to prevent, transnationally, the governance of the social in the economic. Seen in historical context, the first labour chapter Arbitral Panel report under the Dominican Republic–Central America–United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA–DR) illustrates the need to shift focus to social regionalism. The latter enables trade treaty interpretation to focus on shared objectives. It moves beyond treaty interpretation, to promote redistributive mechanisms and also international solidarity within trade agreements.
Les relations entre droit international et droit européen du travail et leur incidence sur le développement du droit social international et européen
Authors: ROBIN‐OLIVIER Sophie 
Published: September 2020

RésuméDes observations sur la manière dont le droit de l'Union européenne fait place aux instruments destinés à assurer la protection des travailleurs élaborés à l'échelle internationale ou à l'action des organisations internationales pour la protection des droits sociaux, cette contribution tire une typologie destinée à mettre au jour les liens, souvent tenus mais d'une grande diversité, qui rattachent le droit européen au «droit international du travail», au sens large.
De Genève à San José: les normes de l'OIT et le système interaméricain de protection des droits humains
Authors: Duhaime Bernard , Décoste Éloïse 
Published: September 2020

RésuméLes auteurs démontrent comment les instances interaméricaines de protection des droits humains ont utilisé les normes de l'OIT. Après avoir posé les limites de cet usage, ils l'illustrent par des exemples relatifs au droit à la liberté d'association et aux droits des peuples autochtones. Ils analysent aussi comment ces normes ont influencé la jurisprudence interaméricaine récente relativement à certains droits économiques, sociaux et culturels. Ils affirment que cette méthode de référencement croisé est souhaitable et utile: elle permet aux instances interaméricaines de fonder leur argumentaire sur l'interprétation d'autorités spécialisées, tout en renforçant la crédibilité et la légitimité normative de leurs décisions, qui gagnent en universalité.
Prevalence and clinical outcomes of patients with apparent treatment‐resistant hypertension enrolled in Phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Laffin Luke J. , Khan Asad , Lang Katherine , Van Iterson Erik H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhase 2 cardiac rehabilitation (CR) employs evidenced‐based interventions to modify the risk of cardiac morbidity in its participants. The prevalence of apparent treatment‐resistant hypertension (aTRH) among CR participants is unknown. A retrospective analysis of a longitudinal cohort of patients who completed CR between 2012 and 2017 was undertaken. The prevalence of hypertension was 62% (n = 311). 11% of participants with hypertension had aTRH (n = 35). Participants with aTRH exhibited lower exercise capacity (EC) before starting CR and after its completion compared to normotensive counterparts (P < .001). aTRH participants were more likely to experience a decrease in EC, even after participating in cardiac rehabilitation, compared to normotensive participants (P = .02). aTRH participants were more likely to be hospitalized or seen in the emergency department after cardiac rehabilitation completion compared to normotensive counterparts (OR: 2.85, P < .01). CR presents an opportunity to identify and appropriately care for patients with aTRH.
Mesenchymal stem cell–secreted extracellular vesicles carrying TGF‐β1 up‐regulate miR‐132 and promote mouse M2 macrophage polarization
Authors: Wang Yongqi , Han Biao , Wang Yingbin , Wang Chunai , Zhang Hong , Xue Jianjun , Wang Xiaoqing , Niu Tingting , Niu Zhen , Chen Yuhe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on different types of diseases are controversial, and the inner mechanisms remain unknown, which retards the utilization of MSCs in disease therapy. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of MSCs‐extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) in M2 polarization in mouse macrophages via the microRNA‐132 (miR‐132)/E3 ubiquitin ligase myc binding protein 2 (Mycbp2)/tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) axis. Mouse MSCs were isolated for adipogenic and osteogenic induction, followed by co‐culture with mouse macrophages RAW264.7. Besides, mouse macrophages RAW264.7 were co‐cultured with MSCs‐EVs in vitro, where the proportion of macrophages and inflammation were detected by flow cytometry and ELISA. The experimental data revealed that MSCs‐EVs promoted M2 polarization of macrophages, and elevated interleukin (IL)‐10 expression and inhibited levels of IL‐1β, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and IL‐6. MSC‐EV‐treated macrophages RAW264.7 increased TGF‐β1 expression, thus elevating miR‐132 expression. MiR‐132 directly bound to Mycbp2, as confirmed by luciferase activity assay. Meanwhile, E3 ubiquitin ligase Mycbp2 could ubiquitinate TSC2 protein. Furthermore, silencing TGF‐β1 inhibited M2 polarization of MSC‐EV‐treated macrophages. Taken conjointly, this study provides evidence reporting that MSC‐secreted EVs carry TGF‐β1 to promote M2 polarization of macrophages via modulation of the miR‐132/Mycbp2/TSC2 axis.
Eco‐efficiency of a marine biorefinery for valorization of cartilaginous fish biomass
Authors: García‐Santiago Xela , Franco‐Uría Amaya , Antelo Luis T. , Vázquez José A. , Pérez‐Martín Ricardo , Moreira M. Teresa , Feijoo Gumersindo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFishing activities produce discards that need to be reduced. Apart from the production of fishmeal and fish oil, other alternatives to manage this discard fraction are possible. High‐added value bio‐compounds (such as gelatin, collagen or fish protein hydrolysates, among others) can be extracted from the previously discarded fish biomass and its by‐products. While it is clear that these valorization strategies will produce economic benefits, they also will cause an impact on the environment of variable magnitude. Therefore, an eco‐efficiency assessment is necessary to discern which processes are most suitable for planning a valorization strategy. Within this type of wasted organic material, biomass from cartilaginous fish offered additional valorization potential, since other compounds such as cartilage or chondroitin sulfate can be obtained. The environmental impacts of the different valorization schemes implemented and tested on a fully operative real marine biorefinery located in an important Spanish fishing port (Marín—NW Spain) were quantified using the life cycle assessment methodology, while the benefit of the proposed systems was estimated as the gross benefit. The results obtained indicate that the extraction of high value‐added bio‐compounds is generally more eco‐efficient than the established process of fishmeal production, although its environmental performance is worse. Nevertheless, these environmental impacts could be reduced by optimizing and scaling‐up the production processes and the associated equipment, especially focusing on the energy and water consumption of the plant.