bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FGF21 impedes peripheral myelin development by stimulating p38 MAPK/c‐Jun axis
Authors: Zhang Yunzhong , Jiang Ketao , Xie Guoqing , Ding Jie , Peng Su , Liu Xiaoyu , Sun Cheng , Tang Xin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) as a metabolic stress hormone, is mainly secreted by the liver. In addition to its well‐defined roles in energy homeostasis, FGF21 has been shown to promote remyelination after injury in the central nervous system. In the current study, we sought to examine the potential roles of FGF21 in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelination. In the PNS myelin development, Fgf21 expression was reversely correlated with myelin gene expression. In cultured primary Schwann cells (SCs), the application of recombinant FGF21 greatly attenuates myelination‐associated gene expression, including Oct6, Krox20, Mbp, Mpz, and Pmp22. Accordingly, the injection of FGF21 into neonatal rats markedly mitigates the myelination in sciatic nerves. On the contrary, the infusion of the anti‐FGF21 antibody accelerates the myelination. Mechanistically, both extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) were stimulated by FGF21 in SCs and sciatic nerves. Following experiments including pharmaceutical intervention and gene manipulation revealed that the p38 MAPK/c‐Jun axis, rather than ERK, is targeted by FGF21 for mediating its repression on myelination in SCs. Taken together, our data provide a new aspect of FGF21 by acting as a negative regulator for the myelin development process in the PNS via activation of p38 MAPK/c‐Jun.
Practical approach to develop a multi‐group screening method for detection of mycotoxins, pesticides and veterinary drugs in food
Authors: Moretti Simone , Cavanna Daniele , Lambertini Francesca , Catellani Dante , Sammarco Giuseppe , Barola Carolina , Paoletti Fabiola , Saluti Giorgio , Galarini Roberta , Suman Michele 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA multi‐group screening method to detect residues of veterinary drugs in meat and environmental contaminants in wheat flour has been developed using liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole‐Orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS). The procedure was tested for over 300 representative compounds (173 veterinary drugs, 122 pesticides and 9 mycotoxins) analysing in parallel negative and positive (spiked) samples according to European validation rules. The Screening Target Concentrations (STCs) were chosen conservatively with respect to the method purposes. Interpretation of results was based on retention time, mass accuracy of precursor and MS2 spectral library. Evaluating the percentage of false negative results, 280 out of the 304 analytes were detectable at the STCs (false compliant rate ≤ 5%). In wheat flours, incurred levels of mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol and 3‐acetyldeoxynivalenol, higher than STCs, were frequently found, whereas in meat, the most detected veterinary drugs were antibiotics generally at negligible concentrations (<10 μg kg−1). Finally, seven test materials from proficiency test schemes were successfully tested.
Multicenter evaluation of Xpert HIV‐1 viral load assay for HIV quantification in China
Authors: Liu Lifeng , Deng Renni , Lan Yun , Li Li , Li Mei , Su Bin , Gnanashanmugam Devasena , Tang Yi‐Wei , Wu Hao , Wang Jing , Cai Xiaoli , Zhang Tong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNew approaches to increase HIV‐1 testing and HIV‐1 viral load (VL) monitoring are needed for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in China. The Xpert HIV‐1 VL assay was prequalified by the World Health Organization in 2017 but has not been evaluated in China. A multicenter evaluation was conducted to assess the accuracy of the Cepheid Xpert HIV‐1 VL assay compared to the Abbott RealTime HIV‐1 assay in China. Overall agreement was seen in 558 of 562 specimens (99.29%) with a κ value of 0.962. Pearson's coefficient between the two assays was 0.943. Analyzed by the Bland‐Altman method, the mean bias was −0.54 log10 copies/mL, and 94.05% results fell within the 95% confidence limit of agreement (−1.248 to 0.168 log10 copies/mL). The coefficient of variation of the Cepheid Xpert HIV‐1 VL assay ranged from 0.61% to 1.55%, as determined by testing eight positive plasma specimens with three different lots on different days. Due to its simplicity, random‐access, rapid turnaround time, and accuracy, the Xpert HIV‐1 VL assay can be used in local hospitals and clinics that bear the burden of identifying and treating HIV patients in China.
Obesity and load‐induced posttraumatic osteoarthritis in the absence of fracture or surgical trauma
Authors: Luna Marysol , Guss Jason D. , Vasquez‐Bolanos Laura S. , Alepuz Adrian J. , Dornevil Sophie , Strong Jasmin , Alabi Denise , Shi Qiaojuan , Pannellini Tania , Otero Miguel , Brito Ilana L. , van der Meulen Marjolein C. H. , Goldring Steven R. , Hernandez Christopher J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOsteoarthritis is increasingly viewed as a heterogeneous disease with multiple phenotypic subgroups. Obesity enhances joint degeneration in mouse models of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Most models of PTOA involve damage to surrounding tissues caused by surgery/fracture; it is unclear if obesity enhances cartilage degeneration in the absence of surgery/fracture. We used a nonsurgical animal model of load‐induced PTOA to determine the effect of obesity on cartilage degeneration 2 weeks after loading. Cartilage degeneration was caused by a single bout of cyclic tibial loading at either a high or moderate load magnitude in adult male mice with severe obesity (C57Bl6/J + high‐fat diet), mild obesity (toll‐like receptor 5 deficient mouse [TLR5KO]), or normal adiposity (C57Bl6/J mice + normal diet and TLR5KO mice in which obesity was prevented by manipulation of the gut microbiome). Two weeks after loading, cartilage degeneration occurred in limbs loaded at a high magnitude, as determined by OARSI scores (P < .001). However, the severity of cartilage damage did not differ among groups. Osteophyte width and synovitis of loaded limbs did not differ among groups. Furthermore, obesity did not enhance cartilage damage in limbs evaluated 6 weeks after loading. Constituents of the gut microbiota differed among groups. Our findings suggest that, in the absence of surgery/fracture, obesity may not influence cartilage loss after a single mechanical insult, suggesting that either damage to surrounding tissues or repeated mechanical insult is necessary for obesity to influence cartilage degeneration. These findings further illustrate heterogeneity in PTOA phenotypes and complex interactions between mechanical/metabolic factors in cartilage loss.
Anesthesia Management and Postanesthetic Recovery Following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Laporta Mariana L. , O'Brien Erin K. , Stokken Janalee K. , Choby Garret , Sprung Juraj , Weingarten Toby N. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesDelayed anesthesia recovery following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) can be an indicator of immediate complications and negatively impact healthcare efficiency. This study aims to examine clinical factors with a focus on improving clinical practice.MethodsMedical records of patients undergoing ESS under general anesthesia from 2014 to 2018 were reviewed. Based on the interquartile range of anesthesia recovery for the cohort, patients in the upper quartile were categorized as “prolonged” and the lowest three quartiles as “goal” recovery. Patient and surgical characteristics were investigated.ResultsAnalyzing 416 patients who underwent ESS, the median anesthesia recovery time was 48 [35–66] minutes. Prolonged recovery was associated with higher body mass index (odds ratio 1.50 [95% confidence interval 1.03–2.18] per 10 kg/m2, P = .03) and surgical duration (1.37 [1.10–1.72] per hour, P < .01). Inversely, goal recovery was associated with preoperative acetaminophen (0.61 [0.38–0.98], P = .04) and intraoperative remifentanil (0.55 [0.32–0.93], P = .03). Patients with prolonged recovery had higher rates of severe pain (33 (31.7%) vs. 25 (8.0%), P < .01), respiratory depression (7 [6.7] vs. 2 [0.6], P < .01), oversedation (39 [37.5] vs. 39 [12.5], P < .01), and the need for rescue opioids (52 [50] vs. 71 [22.8], P < .01). In addition to reduced postanesthesia recovery time, patients who were administered preemptive acetaminophen had lower rates of severe pain (OR 0.55 [0.31–0.98], P = .04) and nausea and vomiting (0.39 [0.17–0.87], P = .02).ConclusionOur findings substantiate the use of acetaminophen and remifentanil in ESS, facilitating anesthesia recovery. Broadly consideration of preemptive acetaminophen could further increase postoperative comfort in ESS.Level of Evidence4 – Retrospective. Laryngoscope, 131:E815–E820, 2021
Bilioenteric Reconstruction Techniques in Pediatric Living Donor Liver Transplantation
Authors: Kilic Murat , Karaca Can A. , Yilmaz Cahit , Farajov Rasim , Iakobadze Zaza , Kilic Kamil , Aydogdu Sema 
Published: July 2020

Biliary complications (BCs) are still a major cause of morbidity following liver transplantation despite the advancements in the surgical technique. Although Roux‐en‐Y (RY) hepaticojejunostomy has been the standard technique for years in pediatric patients, there is a limited number of reports on the feasibility of duct‐to‐duct (DD) anastomosis, and those reports have controversial outcomes. With the largest number of patients ever reported on the topic, this study aims to discuss the feasibility of the DD biliary reconstruction technique in pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). After the exclusion of the patients with biliary atresia, patients who received either deceased donor or right lobe grafts, and retransplantation patients, data from 154 pediatric LDLTs were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were grouped according to the applied biliary reconstruction technique, and the groups were compared using BCs as the outcome. The overall BC rate was 13% (n = 20), and the groups showed no significant difference (P = 0.6). Stricture was more frequent in the DD reconstruction group; however, this was not statistically significant (P = 0.6). The rate of bile leak was also similar in both groups (P = 0.6). The results show that the DD reconstruction technique can achieve similar outcomes when compared with RY anastomosis. Because DD reconstruction is a more physiological way of establishing bilioenteric integrity, it can safely be applied.
Triangular representations of functions of operators with Schatten–von Neumann Hermitian components
Authors: Gil' Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLet be a separable Hilbert space with the unit operator I, let A be a bounded linear operator in with a Schatten–von Neumann Hermitian component ( means the operator adjoint to A) and let be a function analytic on the spectra of A and . For we obtain the representation in the form of the sum of a normal operator and a quasi‐nilpotent Schatten–von Neumann operator , and estimate the norm of . That estimate gives us an inequality for the norm of the resolvent of . Applications of the obtained estimate for to operator equations, whose coefficients are operator functions, and to perturbations of spectra are also discussed.
Synaptic Loss in Primary Tauopathies Revealed by [11C]UCB‐J Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Holland Negin , Jones P. Simon , Savulich George , Wiggins Julie K. , Hong Young T. , Fryer Tim D. , Manavaki Roido , Sephton Selena Milicevic , Boros Istvan , Malpetti Maura , Hezemans Frank H. , Aigbirhio Franklin I. , Coles Jonathan P. , O’Brien John , Rowe James B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSynaptic loss is a prominent and early feature of many neurodegenerative diseases.ObjectivesWe tested the hypothesis that synaptic density is reduced in the primary tauopathies of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) (Richardson’s syndrome) and amyloid‐negative corticobasal syndrome (CBS).MethodsForty‐four participants (15 CBS, 14 PSP, and 15 age‐/sex‐/education‐matched controls) underwent PET with the radioligand [11C]UCB‐J, which binds to synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A, a marker of synaptic density; participants also had 3 Tesla MRI and clinical and neuropsychological assessment.ResultsNine CBS patients had negative amyloid biomarkers determined by [11C]PiB PET and hence were deemed likely to have corticobasal degeneration (CBD). Patients with PSP‐Richardson’s syndrome and amyloid‐negative CBS were impaired in executive, memory, and visuospatial tasks. [11C]UCB‐J binding was reduced across frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, cingulate, hippocampus, insula, amygdala, and subcortical structures in both PSP and CBD patients compared to controls (P < 0.01), with median reductions up to 50%, consistent with postmortem data. Reductions of 20% to 30% were widespread even in areas of the brain with minimal atrophy. There was a negative correlation between global [11C]UCB‐J binding and the PSP and CBD rating scales (R = –0.61, P < 0.002; R = –0.72, P < 0.001, respectively) and a positive correlation with the revised Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (R = 0.52; P = 0.01).ConclusionsWe confirm severe synaptic loss in PSP and CBD in proportion to disease severity, providing critical insight into the pathophysiology of primary degenerative tauopathies. [11C]UCB‐J may facilitate treatment strategies for disease‐modification, synaptic maintenance, or restoration. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Solid‐state ion sensor for on‐chip determination of potassium ion in body fluid
Authors: Pandey Prem C. , Pandey Govind , Narayan Roger J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article describes a synthetic route for the fabrication of all‐solid‐state potentiometric ion‐sensing device for on‐chip determination of potassium ion in body fluid. The sensing electrodes comprised of (a) a solid‐state reference electrode made from a Ag/AgCl‐printed electrode covered with a solid‐electrolyte‐embedded membrane made from siloxane polymer and (b) solid‐state ion‐selective electrode as working electrode made by assembling ionophore‐impregnated PVC membrane casting solution over a ion exchanger‐impregnated membrane. The ion exchanger‐impregnated membrane is cast by assembling siloxane–polyindole nanodispersion over working electrode of screen‐printed electrode to yield constant dipolar potential. The screen‐printed electrodes comprising of all‐solid‐state reference and working electrode can be operated under zero current flow to monitor potassium ion in given sample. The configuration of the printed electrodes is designed to fix a microneedle assembly over the working portion of both reference and working electrodes for transdermal ion sensing. The functional alkoxysilanes derived from nanodispersion allow to make solid‐state reference electrode avoiding the use of internal filling solution providing innovation in designing potentiometric sensor. In one aspect, a potentiometric device for detecting analyte in biological fluid that can include a array of hollowed microneedle in which each needle acts as protruded needle structure including an exterior wall forming a hollow interior covering both solid‐state working and reference electrode with an opening at terminal end in such that one microneedle is converted into a potassium ion‐selective electrode.
Improving GMRES(m) using an adaptive switching controller
Authors: Cabral Juan C. , Schaerer Christian E. , Bhaya Amit 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe restarted generalized minimal residual (denoted as GMRES(m)) normally used for solving a linear system of equations of the form Ax=b has the drawback of eventually presenting a stagnation or a slowdown in its rate of convergence at certain restarting cycles. In this article, a switching controller is introduced to modify the structure of the GMRES(m) when a stagnation is detected, enlarging and enriching the subspace. In addition, an adaptive control law is introduced to update the restarting parameter to modify the dimension of the Krylov subspace. This combination of strategies is competitive from the point of view of helping to avoid the stagnation and accelerating the convergence with respect to the number of iterations and the computational time. Computational experiments corroborate the theoretical results.
Autoimmune cytopenias following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant in pediatric patients: Response to therapy and late effects
Authors: Koo Jane , Giller Roger H. , Quinones Ralph , McKinney Christopher M. , Verneris Michael R. , Knight‐Perry Jessica 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAutoimmune cytopenias (AICs) are rare, but serious complications of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT).ProcedureWe performed a case‐control study using 20 pediatric AIC cases and 40 controls, matched by stem cell source and primary indication comparing clinical and transplant characteristics, treatment, outcomes, and late effects.ResultsCases were more likely to be human leukocyte antigen mismatched (P = 0.04). There was no difference in conditioning regimen, serotherapy use, graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, incidence of acute or chronic GVHD, ABO compatibility, infections, and donor engraftment. The median time to AIC onset was 219 days (range, 97‐1205 days) and AIC resolution was 365 days (range, 10 days to 2737.5 days). First‐line therapies for AIC patients most commonly included corticosteroids (75%) and rituximab (55%). Only 25% of patients responded to first‐line treatment. At a median of 611.5 days from last rituximab dose, 82.5% patients were still receiving intravenous immune globulin for hypogammaglobulinemia compared with 2.5% of controls (P < 0.0001). Iron overload was higher in AIC patients (P = 0.0004), as was avascular necrosis (P = 0.04). There was no difference in overall survival at one year after HSCT (85% vs 82.5%). Two patients with refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia responded to daratumumab and had resolution of B‐cell aplasia.ConclusionsIn this study, we find poor initial responses to AIC‐directed therapies and significant late effects.
The role of mab‐3 in spermatogenesis and ontogenesis of pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Zhou Lifeng , Ma Xinxin , Zhu Najie , Zou Qingchi , Guo Kai , Bai Liqun , Yu Hongshi , Hu Jiafu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundBursaphelenchus xylophilus is one of the most destructive invasive species, causing extensive economic losses worldwide. The sex ratio of female to male of B. xylophilus plays an important role in the nematode infestation. However, little is known about the processes of its sex determination. The double sex/mab‐3‐related family of transcription factors are highly conserved in animals, playing crucial roles in sex determination, spermatogenesis and ontogenesis. We therefore investigated its orthologue, Bxy‐mab‐3, in B. xylophilus.ResultsBxy‐mab‐3 has two typical conserved DNA‐binding domains. It was observed in J2 (the second‐stage of juveniles), J3, J4 and male adults (specifically on the spicules), but not in eggs or female adults via mRNA in situ hybridization. RNA‐Seq indicated significantly higher expression in males. RNAi showed that the body size and sperm size of male adults were markedly smaller than those of the controls. Meanwhile, almost all the RNAi‐treated males failed to mate with the normal females, even 26.34% of interfered males did not produce sperm. However, RNAi of Bxy‐mab‐3 had no effect on the sex ratio of B. xylophilus.ConclusionBxy‐mab‐3 is indispensable for spermatogenesis, ontogenesis and mating behavior. It is a typical sex‐determination gene with differential expression in males and females. However, knocking down Bxy‐mab‐3 expression could not alter the sex ratio as seen in other species. Our findings contribute towards a better understanding of the molecular events of Bxy‐mab‐3 in B. xylophilus, which provides promising hints for control of pine wilt disease by blocking ontogenesis and decreasing nematode fecundity.
Theoretical studies on the influence of metallic cations on ring opening of propylene oxide catalyzed by metal‐salen complexes
Authors: Chen Lei , Yang Hui‐Qing , Jin Cheng‐Yu , Chen Zhao‐Xu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe studied the ring opening of propylene oxide (PO) by salen‐M coordinated OH− group [M = Al(III), Sc(III), Cr(III), Mn(III), Fe(III), Co(II), Co(III), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Ru(III) and Rh(III)]. The results show that the ring‐opening energy barriers for M(II) complexes are much lower than those with M(III) complexes in the gas phase, and the barriers correlate linearly with the negative charges on the OH− group and the Fukui function condensed on the OH− group. The nucleophilicity ordering in the gas phase can be rationalized by the ratio of formal positive charges/radius of M cations. Solvent effect greatly increases the barriers of M(II) complexes but slightly changes the results of M(III) ones, making the barriers similar. Analysis indicates that the reaction heats are linearly proportional to the reverse reaction barriers. The relationships established here can be used to estimate the ring‐opening barriers and to screen epoxide ring‐opening catalysts.
DNMT3B deficiency alters mitochondrial biogenesis and α-ketoglutarate levels in human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Cieslar-Pobuda Artur , Ahrens Theresa D. , Caglayan Safak , Behringer Sidney , Hannibal Luciana , Staerk Judith 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Embryonic stem cell renewal and differentiation is regulated by metabolites that serve as cofactors for epigenetic enzymes. An increase of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), a cofactor for histone and DNA demethylases, triggers multilineage differentiation in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). To gain further insight into how the metabolic fluxes in pluripotent stem cells can be influenced by inactivating mutations in epigenetic enzymes, we generated hESCs deficient for de novo DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) 3A and 3B. Our data reveal a bidirectional dependence between DNMT3B and α-KG levels: a-KG is significantly upregulated in cells deficient for DNMT3B, while DNMT3B expression is downregulated in hESCs treated with α-KG. In addition, DNMT3B null hESCs exhibit a disturbed mitochondrial fission and fusion balance and a switch from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. Taken together, our data reveal a novel link between DNMT3B and the metabolic flux of hESCs.
Multiverse optimizer for structural damage detection: Numerical study and experimental validation
Authors: Ghannadi Parsa , Kourehli Seyed Sina 
Published: July 2020

SummaryNew optimization algorithms have been increasingly developed in the course of the recent years. The accuracy of identified results in optimization‐based damage detection methods depends on the objective function and optimization algorithm. This paper employs multiverse Optimizer (MVO) to solve the optimization‐based damage identification problem. Statistical results obtained by MVO are compared with those of sine cosine algorithm (SCA) and Harris hawks optimization (HHO) in order to perform a comparative study. Two objective functions are used in this optimization problem. The first one is based on the modal assurance criterion (MAC) and the second one on modified total modal assurance criterion (MTMAC). Numerical and experimental examples indicate that the combination of objective function based on MTMAC and MVO algorithm can provide accurate and reliable results in structural damage detection process. MAC is also rejected in competition with MTMAC. While using SCA‐MTMAC, the accuracy of the results is acceptable in some cases. However, HHO‐MTMAC gives weak results in most cases. MVO and SSA are the lowest, and HHO spends significantly more time in terms of computational cost.