bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term effects of land‐use change on bird communities depend on spatial scale and land‐use type
Authors: Allen Daniel C. , Bateman Heather L. , Warren Paige S. , de Albuquerque Fabio Suzart , Arnett‐Romero Sky , Harding Bridget 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLand‐use transformation is one of the most important and pervasive ecological changes occurring across the Earth, but its long‐term effects are poorly understood. Here, we analyze the effects of urban and agriculture development on bird biodiversity and community structure over a 16‐yr study period. We found that long‐term effects of land‐use change are dependent on spatial scale and land‐use type. At the regional scale, we found that gamma diversity (total number of species observed) declined by ~10% over time. At the landscape spatial scale, we found that beta diversity (uniqueness of bird communities) increased by ~16% over time. Additionally, the average contributions of urban riparian bird communities to beta diversity were generally the highest but declined by ~26% over the study period. Contributions of urban communities to beta diversity were generally the lowest but increased by ~10% over time. At the local scale, we observed different responses for different measures of alpha diversity. For bird species richness, temporal changes varied by land use. Species richness declined 16% at sites in desert riparian areas but increased by 21% and 12% at sites in urban and agricultural areas, respectively. Species evenness declined across all land uses, with some land uses experiencing more rapid declines than others. Our analysis of species groups that shared certain traits suggests that these community‐level changes were driven by species that are small, breed onsite, and feed on insects, grains, and nectar. Collectively, our results suggest that biodiversity declines associated with land‐use change predominate at the regional and local spatial scale, and that these effects can strengthen or weaken over time. However, these changes counterintuitively led to increases in biodiversity at the landscape scale, as bird communities became more unique. This has implications for conservation and management as it shows that the effects of land‐use modification on biodiversity may be positive or negative depending on the spatial scale considered.
Ecological consequences of compound disturbances in forest ecosystems: a systematic review
Authors: Kleinman J. S. , Goode J. D. , Fries A. C. , Hart J. L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInvestigations of compound disturbances that alter forest resilience (i.e., recovery time or trajectory) have escalated over the past two decades. We used a systematic approach to identify and describe the ecological consequences of discrete forest disturbance events involved in compound interactions. Fire, wind disturbance, and salvage logging were the most common disturbance types investigated. Most compound interactions occurred in North America and involved five or fewer years between disturbances. Common and interrelated disturbance legacies that facilitated compound interactions included reduced seed source availability, deadwood deposition and extraction, and increased light and growing space availability. Forest recovery was assessed with a diversity of metrics including woody and herbaceous plants, soil properties, and carbon stocks, which sometimes determined whether and what kind of compound interaction was detected. Distinctions between recovery time and trajectory, forest succession and development, and species‐specific and community‐level responses also influenced the detection and direction of compound interactions. Moving forward, we advocate a more holistic approach to quantify ecosystem recovery that considers multiple response variables. Other opportunities to improve compound disturbance ecology include increased emphasis on understudied disturbance types, regions, and forest types. We also encourage more research on buffering interactions that increase forest resilience, which were underrepresented in this review.
Using terrestrial LiDAR to measure water erosion on stony plots under simulated rainfall
Authors: Li Li , Nearing Mark A. , Nichols Mary H. , Polyakov Viktor O. , Cavanaugh Michelle L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTerrestrial LiDAR scanning (TLS) technology is widely used to detect terrain elevation changes. This study examines the potential use of terrestrial LiDAR to measure erosion on small experimental plots at high resolution. Multitemporal TLS scans were conducted at six positions around plots (12 m2) with three slope treatments through 11 simulated rainfall applications. Surface elevation changes were quantified by comparing scans between rainfall simulations, and elevation changes greater than the level of detection were used to obtain volumetric change estimations. Erosion mass was estimated both by using soil bulk density and the density of sediment collected in runoff, and then compared to the erosion estimated from the runoff samples. Results showed: (1) with the aid of fixed reference controls in the form of concrete target surfaces of varying roughness, registration accuracy was better than 1 mm and mean level of change detection was less than 2.2 mm; (2) the average absolute relative errors of TLS‐estimated eroded mass ranged from 6.8% to 31.8%, with greater values on 5% slope; (3) the TLS‐estimated erosion accuracy was affected by erosion magnitude, the utilized material density and number of scan positions, and a grid size of 10 mm was found to be appropriate for this scale to estimate the volumetric changes; (4) the number of scan positions could be reduced to three while not significantly impacting volumetric change estimations; and (5) elevating the scanner resulted in much better accuracy for eroded mass estimations. This study suggests that using LiDAR to monitor soil erosion at the plot scale is feasible, and provides guidance about the level of accuracy one might expect in doing so. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heat transfer model of a particle energy storage‐based moving packed bed heat exchanger
Authors: Yin Jun‐Ming , Zheng Qiu‐Yun , Zhang Xin‐Rong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMoving packed bed particle/supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) heat exchanger (MPBE) is a critical equipment to integrate particle thermal energy storage technology with SCO2 power cycle block in the next‐generation concentrated solar power plants. A predictive heat transfer model for designing and evaluation of shell and plate particle/SCO2 moving packed bed heat exchanger is presented, with radiation, pressure drop and SCO2 property variation taking into account. It is found that increasing particle diameter and solids bulk voidage will lower the overall heat transfer coefficient. Change of channel width imposes little effects on the overall heat transfer coefficient, while influences the total heat exchange greatly. MPBE with longer channel length allows smaller overall heat transfer coefficient. Due to approximate linear variation of specific heat and low pressure drop in the nominal boundary operating condition range, ignoring SCO2 Cp variation is valid, and the relative error due to adopting a Cp invariable evaluated at the bulk temperature and constant pressure is less than 1%. Convection resistance generally ranks first in the contribution to thermal resistance, followed by solids‐wall resistance and conduction resistance. Nevertheless, solids‐wall resistance dominates at larger particle diameter (≥550 μm). Radiation is an important contributor to heat transfer behavior, especially at high particle diameter and solids bulk voidage. The relative error caused by neglecting radiation can be up to 23.76%.
Uptake, Deposition, and Metabolism of Triphenyl Phosphate in Embryonated Eggs and Chicks of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica)
Authors: Marteinson Sarah , Guigueno Mélanie F. , Fernie Kim J. , Head Jessica A. , Chu Shaogang , Letcher Robert J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The toxicokinetics of triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) in vivo including the uptake, deposition, and biotransformation into the metabolite diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) is presently reported in embryonated eggs and chicks of Japanese quail. Quail were dosed with TPHP at 3 concentrations by air cell egg injection on embryonic day 0, followed by daily oral dosing after chicks hatched (5 d). Vehicle-only exposed controls were also used. In dosed eggs, only 33% of the TPHP remained 2 d after injection (no hepatic development); after 10 d (post-hepatogenesis), only 2% remained. The estimated TPHP half-lives in the eggs ranged from 1.1 to 1.8 d for the 3 dosed groups. In all exposed eggs and chicks, DPHP significantly increased with dose (0.001 &lt; p &lt; 0.044). It appears that DPHP is an important metabolite in quail, making up 41 to 74% of all metabolites formed in embryonated eggs. In chicks, at medium and high doses, DPHP concentrations significantly exceeded those of TPHP (p ≤ 0.007), making up 67 and 76% of the total burden, respectively. Our findings suggest that rapid TPHP metabolism occurred in chicks and embryonated quail eggs but that this may vary with the age of the embryonated egg and the stage of embryo development, which should be considered when evaluating concentrations of TPHP and DPHP measured in eggs of wild birds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:565–573. © 2019 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry © 2019 SETAC
Abstract
The present study examined the in vivo uptake, deposition, and biotransformation of the flame retardant and plasticizer triphenyl phosphate in injected eggs and the developing embryonated eggs and chicks of Japanese quail. Triphenyl phosphate was rapidly metabolized, including to its diphenyl phosphate metabolite, but varied greatly with the stage of embryo development. DPHP = diphenyl phosphate; ED = embryonic day; TPHP = triphenyl phosphate.
Incorporating time‐varying jump intensities in the mean‐variance portfolio decisions
Authors: Zhou Chunyang , Wu Chongfeng , Xu Weidong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the role of time‐varying jump intensities in forming mean‐variance portfolios. We find that compared with the no‐jump or constant‐jump models, the model which incorporates time‐varying jump intensities better fits the dynamics of the assets returns, and yields mean‐variance portfolios with higher Sharpe ratios. Our research suggests that using a better econometric model that captures non‐normal features in the data has benefits for portfolio allocation even for a mean‐variance investor.
The impact of soft intervention on the Chinese financial futures market
Authors: Hilliard Jimmy E. , Zhang Haoran 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDuring the 2015 financial crisis in China, participants faced the criticism that manipulators and shorts had destabilized the market. As a result, the Chinese Securities Regulatory Commission intervened sequentially in the spot market and then in the futures market. Trading volume dropped precipitously. Using the cost‐of‐carry model, we find that these actions significantly impacted equilibrium pricing. Following intervention in the spot market, mispricing was attenuated but remained significant after further intervention in the futures market. We use the Hong Kong market and a difference‐in‐differences statistic to address the role of the China Securities Regulatory Commission soft intervention versus intervention by hard rules.
Detection of rare reciprocal RUNX1 rearrangements by next‐generation sequencing in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Flach Johanna , Shumilov Evgenii , Joncourt Raphael , Porret Naomi , Tchinda Joëlle , Legros Myriam , Scarpelli Ilaria , Hewer Ekkehard , Novak Urban , Schoumans Jacqueline , Bacher Ulrike , Pabst Thomas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractReciprocal RUNX1 fusions are traditionally found in up to 10% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, usually associated with a translocation (8;21)(q22;q22) corresponding to the RUNX1‐RUNX1T1 fusion gene. So far, alternative RUNX1 rearrangements have been reported only rarely in AML, and the few reports so far have focused on results based on cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction. Acknowledging the inherent limitations of these diagnostic techniques, the true incidence of rare RUNX1 rearrangements may be underestimated. In this report, we present two cases of adult AML, in which we detected rare RUNX1 rearrangements not by conventional cytogenetics but rather by next‐generation panel sequencing. These include t(16;21)(q24;q22)/RUNX1‐CBFA2T3 and t(7;21)(p22;q22)/RUNX1‐USP42, respectively. In both patients the AML was therapy‐related and associated with additional structural and numerical alterations thereby conferring bad prognosis. This is in line with previous reports on rare RUNX1 fusions in AML and emphasizes the clinical importance of their detection. In summary, our report not only confirms the clinical utility of NGS for diagnostics of rare reciprocal rearrangements in AML in a real‐life scenario but also sheds light on the variety and complexity within AML. It further emphasizes the need for collection of additional cases for deepening insights on their clinical meaning as well as their frequency.
Neighborhood‐based social capital and cognitive function among older adults in five low‐ and middle‐income countries: Evidence from the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health
Authors: Jiang Nan , Wu Bei , Lu Nan , Dong Tingyue 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate which neighborhood‐based social capital components are associated with a higher level of cognitive function in LMICs.MethodsThis international population‐based study used cross‐sectional survey data from the World Health Organization's Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE), a study of adults aged 50 years or older in China, Ghana, India, the Russian Federation, and South Africa from 2007 through 2010 (N = 29 528). Associations between neighborhood‐based social capital indicators (trust in neighbors, perceived neighborhood safety, and community participation) and cognitive function were examined using ordinary least squares regressions and random‐effects meta‐analyses.ResultsResults of the meta‐analyses of within‐country effects indicated that trust in neighbors were positively associated with cognitive function across India, Russia, and Ghana, but negatively associated in South Africa (β = −0.041, SE = .013, P < .01) and no effect in China (P > .05). The significant effect of perceived neighborhood safety was only found in South Africa (β = 0.051, SE = .007, P < .001) and China (β = 0.030, SE = .005, P < .001). Community participation approached a null effect in South Africa (P > .05).DiscussionDifferent indicators of neighborhood‐based social capital, which are well‐established protective resources for cognitive function, may have varied relationships with cognitive function cross‐nationally. This finding provides a better understanding of the mechanisms by which neighborhood social capital may contribute to better cognitive function in LMICs than high‐income countries, potentially due to differences in neighborhood environments, health systems, and availability of public resources.
What is happening with not recommended drugs for dementia in Argentina? Prescription patterns and direct costs analysis
Authors: Bustin Julian , Rojas Galeno , O'Neill Santiago , Sarasola Diego , Triskier Fabian , Urtasun Martín , Cañás Martín , Mastai Ricardo , Demey Ignacio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe only recommended pharmacological treatments for specific dementias are donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine (recommended drugs, RD). However, other drugs without recommendations (not recommended drugs, NRD) are often used to treat patients with cognitive impairment (CI) in Argentina. The INSSJyP is the largest health insurance in Argentina. The objective of this study is to analyze the prescription pattern, cost, and implications of NRD used for the treatment of CI in the INSSJyP.MaterialsThis is a retrospective, population‐based study of the INSSJyP outpatients' prescriptions database for drugs usually prescribed for CI during 2015. These data were compared with the same database in 2009. The number of “prescriptions” always refers to dispensed packages.ResultsA total of 3 255 438 packages of drugs usually indicated for CI were prescribed during 2015: 1 912 476 packages of RD (59%) and 1 342 962 packages of NRD (41%).Comparing the results with those obtained in 2009, there is a 148% gross increase in the prescription of both RD and NRD for CI, although the rates/1000 affiliates/year show a lesser rise for NRD (70.1%) compared to RD (103.9 %).The expenditure on CI drugs prescribed during 2015 was 77 million USD. NRD cost represented approximately 20 million USD.ConclusionInappropriate drug use increases health costs in developing countries. We found a high number of patients with a probable diagnosis of CI treated with NRD. It is extremely relevant that all the healthcare professionals can update their knowledge and modify behavioral insights about appropriate prescription for specific dementias.
Time changes in the geographical distribution of physicians and factors associated with starting rural practice in Japan
Authors: Ishikawa Masatoshi 
Published: November 2019

SummaryPurposeThe geographical maldistribution of physicians is an important issue for health policy. This study aimed to evaluate recent trends in Japan and identify the factors associated with starting a rural practice.MethodsA longitudinal study was conducted using secondary analysis of national census data. The number of physicians in each region was described in 1996, 2006, and 2016 and, for two cohorts, 1996 to 2006 and 2006 to 2016; a logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors related to starting a rural practice after 10 years.FindingsBetween 1996 and 2016, the number of physicians in rural areas increased by 4%. Results of the logistic regression analysis showed that, in both cohorts, the factor with the highest odds ratio for starting a rural practice after 10 years was initial academic hospital experience. Other factors showing positive correlations were additional hospital practice and being qualified and over 30 years old, whereas female sex and aged at least 40 years had negative correlations.ConclusionsFrom 1996 to 2016, despite the increase in the total number of physicians, geographical maldistribution increased. Some findings support the policy that some physicians should work in rural areas in return for scholarships.
Hydrogeology of desert springs in the Panamint Range, California, USA: Identifying the sources and amount of recharge that support spring flow
Authors: Gleason Carolyn L. , Frisbee Marty D. , Rademacher Laura K. , Sada Donald W. , Meyers Zachary P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite its location in the rain shadow of the southern Sierra Nevada, the Panamint Range hosts a complex mountain groundwater system supporting numerous springs which have cultural, historical, and ecological importance. The sources of recharge that support these quintessential desert springs remain poorly quantified since very little hydrogeological research has been completed in the Panamint Range. Here we address the following questions: (i) what is the primary source of recharge that supports springs in the Panamint Range (snowmelt or rainfall), (ii) where is the recharge occurring (mountain‐block, mountain‐front, or mountain‐system) and (iii) how much recharge occurs in the Panamint Range? We answer questions (i) and (ii) using stable isotopes measured in spring waters and precipitation, and question (iii) using a chloride mass‐balance approach which is compared to a derivation of the Maxey–Eakin equation. Our dataset of the stable isotopic composition (δ18O and δ2H) of precipitation is short (1.5 years), but analyses on spring water samples indicate that high‐elevation snowmelt is the dominant source of recharge for these springs, accounting for 57 (±9) to 79 (±12) percent of recharge. Recharge from rainfall is small but not insignificant. Mountain‐block recharge is the dominant recharge mechanism. However, two basin springs emerging along the western mountain‐front of the Panamint Range in Panamint Valley appear to be supported by mountain‐front and mountain‐system recharge, while Tule Spring (a basin spring emerging at the terminus of the bajada on the eastern side of the Panamint Range) appears to be supported by mountain‐front recharge. Calculated recharge rates range from 19 mm year−1 (elevations < 1000 mrsl) to 388 mm year−1 (elevations > 1000 mrsl). The average annual recharge is approximately 91 mm year−1 (equivalent to 19.4 percent of total annual precipitation). We infer that the springs in the Panamint Range (and their associated ecosystems) are extremely vulnerable to changes in snow cover associated with climate change. They are heavily dependent on snowmelt recharge from a relatively thin annual snowpack. These findings have important implications for the vulnerability of desert springs worldwide.
Geomorphic controls of perched groundwater interaction with natural ridge‐top depressional wetlands
Authors: Malzone Jonathan M. , Sweet Ethan G. , Bell Addison C. , Minzenberger Gilbert L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGeographically isolated wetlands (GIWs) are commonly reported as having hardpan or low hydraulic conductivity units underneath that produce perched groundwater, which can sustain surface water levels independently of regional aquifer fluctuations. Despite the potential of GIW‐perched aquifer systems to provide important hydrological and ecological functions such as groundwater storage and native amphibian habitat, little research has studied the hydrologic controls and dynamics of these systems. We compared several ridge‐top depressional GIW‐perched groundwater systems to investigate the role of watershed morphology on hydroregime and groundwater‐surface water interaction. Ridge‐top depressional wetlands in the Daniel Boone National Forest, Kentucky were chosen because they offer natural controls such as lack of apparent connection to surface water bodies, similar climate, and similar soils. Three wetlands with different topographic slopes and hillslope structures were mapped to distinguish key geomorphic parameters and monitored to characterize groundwater‐surface water interaction. Wetlands with soil hummocks and low upland slopes transitioned from infiltration to groundwater discharge conditions in the spring and during storm events. The magnitude and duration of this transition fell along a continuum, where higher topographic slopes and steeper uplands produced comparably smaller and shorter head reversals. This demonstrates that ridge‐top GIW‐perched groundwater systems are largely sensitive to the runoff‐recharge relationship in the upland area which can produce significant groundwater storage on a small‐scale.