bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classical algebraic structures in string theory effective actions
Authors: Erbin Harold , Maccaferri Carlo , Schnabl Martin , Vošmera Jakub 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study generic properties of string theory effective actions obtained by classically integrating out massive excitations from string field theories based on cyclic homotopy algebras of A∞ or L∞ type. We construct observables in the UV theory and we discuss their fate after integration-out. Furthermore, we discuss how to compose two subsequent integrations of degrees of freedom (horizontal composition) and how to integrate out degrees of freedom after deforming the UV theory with a new consistent interaction (vertical decomposition). We then apply our general results to the open bosonic string using Witten’s open string field theory. There we show how the horizontal composition can be used to systematically integrate out the Nakanishi-Lautrup field from the set of massless excitations, ending with a non-abelian A∞-gauge theory for just the open string gluon. Moreover we show how the vertical decomposition can be used to construct effective open-closed couplings by deforming Witten OSFT with a tadpole given by the Ellwood invariant. Also, we discuss how the effective theory controls the possibility of removing the tadpole in the microscopic theory, giving a new framework for studying D-brane deformations induced by changes in the closed string background.
String defects, supersymmetry and the Swampland
Authors: Angelantonj Carlo , Bonnefoy Quentin , Condeescu Cezar , Dudas Emilian 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Recently, Kim, Shiu and Vafa proposed general consistency conditions for six dimensional supergravity theories with minimal supersymmetry coming from couplings to strings. We test them in explicit perturbative orientifold models in order to unravel the microscopic origin of these constraints. Based on the perturbative data, we conjecture the existence of null charges Q∙Q = 0 for any six-dimensional theory with at least one tensor multiplet, coupling to string defects of charge Q. We then include the new constraint to exclude some six-dimensional supersymmetric anomaly-free examples that have currently no string or F-theory realization. We also investigate the constraints from the couplings to string defects in case where supersymmetry is broken in tachyon free vacua, containing non-BPS configurations of brane supersymmetry breaking type, where the breaking is localized on antibranes. In this case, some conditions have naturally to be changed or relaxed whenever the string defects experience supersymmetry breaking, whereas the constraints are still valid if they are geometrically separated from the supersymmetry breaking source.
Doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays of antitriplet charmed baryons
Authors: Meng Guanbao , Wong Sam Ming-Yin , Xu Fanrong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Doubly Cabibbo-suppressed (DCS) nonleptonic weak decays of antitriplet charmed baryons are studied systematically in this work. The factorizable and nonfactorizable contributions can be classified explicitly in the topological-diagram approach and treated separately. In particular, the evaluation of nonfactorizable terms is based on the pole model in conjunction with current algebra. All three types of relevant non- perturbative parameters contributing factorizable and nonfactorizable terms are estimated in the MIT bag model. Branching fractions of all the DCS decays are predicted to be of order 10−4 ∼ 10−6. In particular, we find that the three modes $$ {\Xi}_c^{+}\to {\Sigma}^{+}{K}^0,{\Sigma}^0{K}^{+} $$

Ξ
c
+

→

Σ
+

K
0

,

Σ
0

K
+

and $$ {\Xi}_c^0\to {\Sigma}^{-}{K}^{+} $$

Ξ
c
0

→

Σ
−

K
+

are as large as (1 ∼ 2) × 10−4, which are the most promising DCS channels to be measured. We also point out that the two DCS modes $$ {\Xi}_c^{+}\to {\Sigma}^{+}{K}^0 $$

Ξ
c
+

→

Σ
+

K
0

and $$ {\Xi}_c^0\to {\Sigma}^0{K}^0 $$

Ξ
c
0

→

Σ
0

K
0

are possible to be distinguished from $$ {\Xi}_c^{+}\to {\Sigma}^{+}{K}_S $$

Ξ
c
+

→

Σ
+

K
S

and $$ {\Xi}_c^0\to {\Sigma}^0{K}_S $$

Ξ
c
0

→

Σ
0

K
S

. The decay asymmetries for all the channels with a kaon in their final states are found to be large in magnitude and negative in sign.
Two interacting scalars system in curved spacetime — vacuum stability from the curved spacetime Effective Field Theory (cEFT) perspective
Authors: Lalak Zygmunt , Nakonieczna Anna , Nakonieczny Łukasz 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this article we investigated the influence of the gravity mediated higher dimensional operators on the issue of vacuum stability in a model containing two interacting scalar fields. As a framework we used the curved spacetime Effective Field Theory (cEFT) applied to the aforementioned system in which one of the scalars is heavy. After integrating out the heavy scalar we used the standard Euclidean approach to the obtained cEFT. Apart from analyzing the influence of standard operators like the non-minimal coupling to gravity and the dimension six contribution to the scalar field potential, we also investigated the rarely discussed dimension six contribution to the kinetic term and the new gravity mediated contribution to the scalar quartic self-interaction.
Hidden sector monopole dark matter with matter domination
Authors: Graesser Michael L. , Osiński Jacek K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The thermal freeze-out mechanism for relic dark matter heavier than O(10 − 100 TeV) requires cross-sections that violate perturbative unitarity. Yet the existence of dark matter heavier than these scales is certainly plausible from a particle physics perspective, pointing to the need for a non-thermal cosmological history for such theories. Topological dark matter is a well-motivated scenario of this kind. Here the hidden-sector dark matter can be produced in abundance through the Kibble-Zurek mechanism describing the non-equilibrium dynamics of defects produced in a second order phase transition. We revisit the original topological dark matter scenario, focusing on hidden-sector magnetic monopoles, and consider more general cosmological histories. We find that a monopole mass of order (1–105) PeV is generic for the thermal histories considered here, if monopoles are to entirely reproduce the current abundance of dark matter. In particular, in a scenario involving an early era of matter domination, the monopole number density is always less than or equal to that in a pure radiation dominated equivalent provided a certain condition on critical exponents is satisfied. This results in a larger monopole mass needed to account for a fixed relic abundance in such cosmologies.
A generalized Nachtmann theorem in CFT
Authors: Kundu Sandipan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Correlators of unitary quantum field theories in Lorentzian signature obey certain analyticity and positivity properties. For interacting unitary CFTs in more than two dimensions, we show that these properties impose general constraints on families of minimal twist operators that appear in the OPEs of primary operators. In particular, we rederive and extend the convexity theorem which states that for the family of minimal twist operators with even spins appearing in the reflection-symmetric OPE of any scalar primary, twist must be a monotonically increasing convex function of the spin. Our argument is completely non-perturbative and it also applies to the OPE of nonidentical scalar primaries in unitary CFTs, constraining the twist of spinning operators appearing in the OPE. Finally, we argue that the same methods also impose constraints on the Regge behavior of certain CFT correlators.
Breakdown of Liesegang precipitation bands in a simplified fast reaction limit of the Keller–Rubinow model
Authors: Darbenas Zymantas , Oliver Marcel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study solutions to the integral equation $$\begin{aligned} \omega (x) = \Gamma - x^2 \int \nolimits _{0}^1 K(\theta ) \, H(\omega (x\theta )) \, \mathrm {d}\theta \end{aligned}$$

ω

(
x
)

=
Γ
-

x
2

∫

0

1

K

(
θ
)

H

(
ω

(
x
θ
)

)

d
θ

where $$\Gamma >0$$

Γ
>
0

, K is a weakly degenerate kernel satisfying, among other properties, $$K(\theta ) \sim k \, (1-\theta )^\sigma $$

K

(
θ
)

∼
k

(
1
-
θ
)

σ

as $$\theta \rightarrow 1$$

θ
→
1

for constants $$k>0$$

k
>
0

and $$\sigma \in (0, \log _2 3 -1)$$

σ
∈
(
0
,

log
2

3
-
1
)

, H denotes the Heaviside function, and $$x \in [0,\infty )$$

x
∈
[
0
,
∞
)

. This equation arises from a reaction-diffusion equation describing Liesegang precipitation band patterns under certain simplifying assumptions. We argue that the integral equation is an analytically tractable paradigm for the clustering of precipitation rings observed in the full model. This problem is nontrivial as the right hand side fails a Lipschitz condition so that classical contraction mapping arguments do not apply. Our results are the following. Solutions to the integral equation, which initially feature a sequence of relatively open intervals on which $$\omega $$
ω
is positive (“rings”) or negative (“gaps”) break down beyond a finite interval $$[0,x^*]$$

[
0
,

x
∗

]

in one of two possible ways. Either the sequence of rings accumulates at $$x^*$$

x
∗

(“non-degenerate breakdown”) or the solution cannot be continued past one of its zeroes at all (“degenerate breakdown”). Moreover, we show that degenerate breakdown is possible within the class of kernels considered. Finally, we prove existence of generalized solutions which extend the integral equation past the point of breakdown.
Influence of image analysis strategy, cooling rate, and sample volume on apparent protein cloud-point temperature determination
Authors: Klijn Marieke E. , Hubbuch Jürgen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe protein cloud-point temperature (TCloud) is a known representative of protein–protein interaction strength and provides valuable information during the development and characterization of protein-based products, such as biopharmaceutics. A high-throughput low volume TCloud detection method was introduced in preceding work, where it was concluded that the extracted value is an apparent TCloud (TCloud,app). As an understanding of the apparent nature is imperative to facilitate inter-study data comparability, the current work was performed to systematically evaluate the influence of 3 image analysis strategies and 2 experimental parameters (sample volume and cooling rate) on TCloud,app detection of lysozyme. Different image analysis strategies showed that TCloud,app is detectable by means of total pixel intensity difference and the total number of white pixels, but the latter is also able to extract the ice nucleation temperature. Experimental parameter variation showed a TCloud,app depression for increasing cooling rates (0.1–0.5 °C/min), and larger sample volumes (5–24 μL). Exploratory thermographic data indicated this resulted from a temperature discrepancy between the measured temperature by the cryogenic device and the actual sample temperature. Literature validation confirmed that the discrepancy does not affect the relative inter-study comparability of the samples, regardless of the image analysis strategy or experimental parameters. Additionally, high measurement precision was demonstrated, as TCloud,app changes were detectable down to a sample volume of only 5 μL and for 0.1 °C/min cooling rate increments. This work explains the apparent nature of the TCloud detection method, showcases its detection precision, and broadens the applicability of the experimental setup.
Movements of Cyprus Wheatear Oenanthe cypriaca fledglings: evidence of a post-fledging home range away from the natal site prior to first migration
Authors: Styles P. , Patchett R. , King J. Robins , Cresswell W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDispersal to efficiently locate future breeding areas in young animals has important consequences for survival, life history and future breeding success, and therefore population dynamics and evolution. Long-distance migrant birds that have little time immediately pre-breeding may use the post-fledging period to locate their future breeding territory. We radio-tracked 37 juvenile Cyprus Wheatears,Oenanthe cypriaca, a long-distance migrant passerine, to investigate movements for 10 weeks post-fledging. We measured how distance from the nest and distance of consecutive movements changed with age. We tested whether distance from the nest stopped increasing and consecutive movement distance became similar to pre-dispersal distances, consistent with a fledgling adopting a post-fledgling home range that could reflect scoping out a future local breeding territory. Fledglings had a very high survival rate. Directed movements away from the natal territory started at about 18 days until about 45 days when individuals adopted a more fixed location on average about 600 m (range 0–1500) from their natal site, and further movements were at a scale equivalent to movements within an adult-sized breeding territory. Our results suggest dispersal followed by settlement in a fixed home range prior to first migration that could function to identify the breeding site location for the following year.
A practical approach for extracting mechanical properties of microcapsules using a hybrid numerical model
Authors: Rahmat A. , Meng J. , Emerson D. R. , Wu Chuan-Yu , Barigou M. , Alexiadis A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the deformation of compliant microcapsules is studied in narrow constrictions using a hybrid particle-based model. The model combines the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) method for modelling fluid flow and the Mass Spring Model (MSM) for simulating deformable membranes. The model is initially validated for the dynamics of microcapsules in shear flow. Then, several quantitative parameters such as the deformation index, frontal tip and rear tail curvatures and the passage time are introduced and their variations are studied with respect to capillary number and constriction size. Subsequently, a dependency analysis is performed on these quantitative parameters and some recommendations are made on fabrication of microfluidic devices and analysis of microcapsules for extracting their mechanical properties. It is revealed that the deformation index and frontal tip and rear tail curvatures are the most suitable parameters for correlating the elastic properties to the dynamics of microcapsules.
Regular perturbation solution of Couette flow (non-Newtonian) between two parallel porous plates: a numerical analysis with irreversibility
Authors: Nazeer M. , Khan M. I. , Kadry S. , Chu Yuming , Ahmad F. , Ali W. , Irfan M. , Shaheen M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe unavailability of wasted energy due to the irreversibility in the process is called the entropy generation. An irreversible process is a process in which the entropy of the system is increased. The second law of thermodynamics is used to define whether the given system is reversible or irreversible. Here, our focus is how to reduce the entropy of the system and maximize the capability of the system. There are many methods for maximizing the capacity of heat transport. The constant pressure gradient or motion of the wall can be used to increase the heat transfer rate and minimize the entropy. The objective of this study is to analyze the heat and mass transfer of an Eyring-Powell fluid in a porous channel. For this, we choose two different fluid models, namely, the plane and generalized Couette flows. The flow is generated in the channel due to a pressure gradient or with the moving of the upper lid. The present analysis shows the effects of the fluid parameters on the velocity, the temperature, the entropy generation, and the Bejan number. The nonlinear boundary value problem of the flow problem is solved with the help of the regular perturbation method. To validate the perturbation solution, a numerical solution is also obtained with the help of the built-in command NDSolve of MATHEMATICA 11.0. The velocity profile shows the shear thickening behavior via first-order Eyring-Powell parameters. It is also observed that the profile of the Bejan number has a decreasing trend against the Brinkman number. When ηi → 0 (i = 1, 2, 3), the Eyring-Powell fluid is transformed into a Newtonian fluid.
Senescent cell accumulation mechanisms inferred from parabiosis
Authors: Karin Omer , Alon Uri 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSenescent cells are growth-arrested cells that cause inflammation and play a causal role in aging. They accumulate with age, and preventing this accumulation delays age-related diseases. However, the mechanism for senescent cell accumulation is not fully understood. Accumulation can result from increasing production or decreasing removal of senescent cells with age, or both. To distinguish between these possibilities, we analyze data from parabiosis, the surgical conjoining of two mice so that they share circulation. Parabiosis between a young and old mouse, called heterochronic parabiosis, reduces senescent cell levels in the old mouse, while raising senescent cell levels in the young mouse. We show that parabiosis data can reject mechanisms for senescent cell accumulation in which only production rises with age or only removal decreases with age; both must vary with age. Since removal drops with age, senescent cell half-life rises with age. This matches a recent model for senescent cell accumulation developed from independent data on senescent cell dynamics, called the SR model, in which production rises linearly with age and senescent cells inhibit their own removal. The SR model further explains the timescales and mechanism of rejuvenation in parabiosis, based on transfer of spare removal capacity from the young mouse to the old. The present quantitative understanding can help design optimal treatments that remove senescent cells, by matching the time between treatments to the time it takes senescent cells to re-accumulate.
Globaler flexibilisierter Kapitalismus und prozessuale Intersektionalität: Die Veränderungen nach Geschlecht und Migration in den Berufsrängen in Deutschland
Authors: Lenz Ilse 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Kapitalismus macht gegenwärtig weltweit eine Transformation durch und zugleich verschieben und differenzieren sich die intersektionalen Ungleichheiten nach Geschlecht, Klasse und Migration. Der Beitrag fasst zunächst wesentliche Veränderungen des Kapitalismus aus intersektionaler Sicht zusammen. Dann diskutiert er verschiedene Ansätze von Intersektionalität und bringt das Konzept prozessualer Intersektionalität ein, um die Veränderungen zu erfassen.Darauf werden in der ersten empirischen Langzeituntersuchung für Deutschland die Veränderungen der beruflichen Ungleichheit nach Geschlecht und Migration von 1996–2011 untersucht. Während um 1996 EinwanderInnen und einheimische Frauen aus Führungspositionen weitgehend ausgeschlossen waren, waren 2011 männliche Einwanderer mit deutschem Pass dort inkorporiert. Akademische Berufe und das berufliche Mittelfeld haben sich für EinwanderInnen vor allem mit deutschem Pass geöffnet. Jedoch wird ein Drittel der Frauen mit ausländischem Pass aus Osteuropa und der Türkei in Einfacharbeit segmentiert. Geschlecht und Migration haben sich intern differenziert und wirken nun komplex in der Zuweisung von Ungleichheiten zusammen. Diese Veränderungen sollten in der Intersektionalitätsdebatte reflektiert werden.
Liability for environmental damage and insurance coverage under German law
Authors: Wandt Manfred 
Published: November 2020

Abstract“Protection of the environment“ and “sustainability“ are more significant than ever. The legal system contributes an important share to the protection of the environment. However, an overview of the German private environmental liability law shows that conventional tort law is not a suitable basis for civil liability for the environmental consequences of officially approved emissions of greenhouse gases. In general, one of the main problems of private environmental liability law lies in proving the individual causality of the conduct of an emitter, as the lawsuit of a Peruvian homeowner against a German energy company pending before the Higher Regional Court of Hamm illustratively demonstrates. The outcome of this lawsuit, which may have an outstanding significance for the status and development of private environmental liability law in Germany, is awaited with great anticipation. The article also briefly examines recent developments in private environmental liability law outside Germany and the question to what extent insurance can be an instrument to protect the environment.
Graphite-based solid lubricant for high-temperature lubrication
Authors: Huai Wenjuan , Zhang Chenhui , Wen Shizhu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh-temperature solid lubricants play a significant role in the hot metal forming process. However, preparing high-temperature solid lubricant is formidably challenging due to the stern working conditions. Here we successfully develop a new type of eco-friendly high-temperature graphite-based solid lubricant by using amorphous silica dioxide, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, and solid lubricant graphite. The solid lubricating coating exhibits excellent tribological properties with a very low friction coefficient and good wear protection for workpiece at high temperature under the air atmosphere. An array of analytical techniques reveals the existence of solid lubricant graphite in the lubricating coating after the high-temperature friction test. A synergistic effect between the protective surface film and the solid lubricant graphite is proposed to account for such superior lubricating performance. This work highlights the synergistic effect between the protection layer and the lubricant graphite and further provides the insight in designing the high-temperature solid lubricant.
Evaluation of Connecticut medical providers’ concordance with 2017 IDSA/SHEA Clostridioides difficile treatment guidelines in New Haven County, 2018–2019
Authors: Luc Casey Morgan , Olson Danyel , Banach David B. , Clogher Paula , Hadler James 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectives:To assess Connecticut medical providers’ concordance (2018–2019) with the 2017 Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) treatment update by the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA). The effect of guideline concordance on CDI recurrence risk was also assessed.Design:Prospective, population-based study.Setting:New Haven County, Connecticut, from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019.Patients:CDI incident case (no positive tests in the prior 8 weeks), not limited by care setting.Methods:Using data from the Emerging Infections Program’s CDI surveillance, severity and concordance were defined. Presence of megacolon and/or ileus defined fulminant disease; absence defined nonsevere/severe disease. Using 2017 treatment as baseline, 2018–2019 concordance was defined as receiving the recommended first-line antibiotic (ie, vancomycin or fidaxomicin for adult patients, vancomycin or metronidazole for pediatric patients) for exactly 10 days. For all analyses, significance was P < .05.Results:Among 990 cases, concordance increased from 24.8% in 2018 to 37.0% in 2019. First-line antibiotic concordance increased from 61.2% in 2018 to 79.9% in 2019. Recurrence risk was significantly associated with patients aged ≥65 years and was highest for those aged 75–84 years, but this factor was not significantly associated with concordance.Conclusions:From 2018 through 2019, CDI treatment in New Haven County increasingly was concordant with the 2017 treatment update but remained low in 2019. Although concordance with treatment guidelines did not affect recurrence risk, close attention should be paid by medical providers to patients aged ≥65 years, specifically those aged 75–84 years because they are at an increased risk for recurrence.