bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myocardial Perfusion Simulation for Coronary Artery Disease: A Coupled Patient-Specific Multiscale Model
Authors: Papamanolis Lazaros , Kim Hyun Jin , Jaquet Clara , Sinclair Matthew , Schaap Michiel , Danad Ibrahim , van Diemen Pepijn , Knaapen Paul , Najman Laurent , Talbot Hugues , Taylor Charles A. , Vignon-Clementel Irene 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPatient-specific models of blood flow are being used clinically to diagnose and plan treatment for coronary artery disease. A remaining challenge is bridging scales from flow in arteries to the micro-circulation supplying the myocardium. Previously proposed models are descriptive rather than predictive and have not been applied to human data. The goal here is to develop a multiscale patient-specific model enabling blood flow simulation from large coronary arteries to myocardial tissue. Patient vasculatures are segmented from coronary computed tomography angiography data and extended from the image-based model down to the arteriole level using a space-filling forest of synthetic trees. Blood flow is modeled by coupling a 1D model of the coronary arteries to a single-compartment Darcy myocardium model. Simulated results on five patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease compare overall well to [$$^{15}$$

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O PET exam data for both resting and hyperemic conditions. Results on a patient with severe obstructive disease link coronary artery narrowing with impaired myocardial blood flow, demonstrating the model’s ability to predict myocardial regions with perfusion deficit. This is the first report of a computational model for simulating blood flow from the epicardial coronary arteries to the left ventricle myocardium applied to and validated on human data.
Prenatal Stress Impairs Spinal Cord Oligodendrocyte Maturation via BDNF Signaling in the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Paladini Maria Serena , Marangon Davide , Rossetti Andrea C. , Guidi Alice , Coppolino Giusy T. , Negri Camilla , Spero Vittoria , Abbracchio Maria Pia , Lecca Davide , Molteni Raffaella 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOne of the most substantial and established environmental risk factors for neurological and psychiatric disorders is stress exposure, whose detrimental consequences hinge on several variables including time. In this regard the gestational period is known to present an intrinsic vulnerability to environmental insults and thus stressful events during pregnancy can lead to severe consequences on the offspring’s brain development with long-term repercussions throughout adulthood. On this basis, we investigated the long-lasting impact of prenatal stress exposure on the susceptibility to the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a well-established murine model of multiple sclerosis. Although stress is considered a triggering factor for this chronic, progressive, autoimmune disease, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. To this end, EAE was induced by immunization with MOG35-55/CFA and pertussis toxin administration in adult female C57BL/6 mice born from control or stressed dams exposed to restraint stress during the last days of gestation. Our results demonstrate that gestational stress induces a marked increase in the severity of EAE symptoms in adulthood. Further, we highlight an altered maturation of oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord of prenatally stressed EAE mice, as indicated by the higher levels of GPR17, a marker of immature oligodendrocyte precursor cells. These behavioral and molecular alterations are paralleled by changes in the expression and signaling of the neurotrophin BDNF, an important mediator of neural plasticity that may contribute to stress-induced impaired remyelination. Since several already marketed drugs are able to modulate BDNF levels, these results pave the way to the possibility of repositioning these drugs in multiple sclerosis.
Die drei Arenen der neuen Ungleichheitskonflikte. Eine sozialstrukturelle Positionsbestimmung der Einstellungen zu Umverteilung, Migration und sexueller Diversität
Authors: Mau Steffen , Lux Thomas , Gülzau Fabian 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIn vielen westlichen Gesellschaften wird die Verteilungsfrage wieder stärker diskutiert. Mit den Debatten um Identitätspolitik und Migration sind aber weitere Konflikte in den Vordergrund getreten, sodass nicht mehr nur materielle Ungleichheitsfragen im Fokus stehen. In den wissenschaftlichen und publizistischen Debatten ist häufig von einer neuen Lagerbildung die Rede, bei der sich die bessergestellten Gruppen für Migration und die Anerkennung von Diversität aussprächen, während die schlechtergestellten Schichten dem ablehnend gegenüberstünden. Damit läge diese Konfliktkonstellation anders als der klassische Verteilungskonflikt, bei dem die oberen Statuslagen eine größere Ungleichheitstoleranz aufweisen als die unteren, eher ungleichheitskritischen Lagen. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird ein konzeptioneller Rahmen entwickelt, der über diese Zwei-Lager-Theorie hinausgeht und systematisch zwischen drei Dimensionen der Ungleichheitskonflikte und -einstellungen unterscheidet: (1) die klassischen Oben-Unten-Ungleichheiten, die sich auf die ökonomische Ressourcenverteilung beziehen, (2) die Wir-Sie-Ungleichheiten, die die gesellschaftliche Anerkennung von Diversität umfassen, und (3) die Innen-Außen-Ungleichheiten, die um den Grad an Offenheit gegenüber Zuwanderergruppen kreisen. Auf der Basis der SOEP-Innovations-Stichprobe aus dem Jahr 2017 lässt sich zeigen, dass es sich bei diesen Einstellungen um relativ eigenständige Dimensionen handelt. Beim Thema der ökonomischen Ressourcenverteilung sind dabei die unteren Statuslagen ungleichheitskritischer positioniert als die oberen Lagen; bei den beiden neueren Konfliktthemen ist das Bild jedoch genau umgekehrt. Allerdings sind nur beim Migrationsthema die Einstellungen wirklich polarisiert, ansonsten gibt es wenige Hinweise auf eine klare Lagerbildung, wie sie in der Literatur und der öffentlichen Diskussion oft unterstellt wird.
Evaluation of alkaline-based activated carbon from Leucaena Leucocephala produced at different activation temperatures for cadmium adsorption
Authors: Wan Ibrahim Wan Muhammad Hilmi , Mohamad Amini Mohd Hazim , Sulaiman Nurul Syuhada , Wan Abdul Kadir Wan Rasidah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHeavy metal contamination in water is happening worldwide. Adsorption using activated carbon is a common choice for cleaning the wastewater. The drawback of activated carbon is the higher cost of production due to the need for high heat in the process. This work investigated on activated carbon produced from the abundantly available Leucaena leucocephala biomass in order to reduce the cost of raw material. The biomass was chemically activated at different activation temperatures. The produced activated carbon was characterized using SEM, FT-IR, surface analyzer, and TGA. Isothermic and thermodynamic studies were done to evaluate the adsorption properties of the activated carbon. It was found out that higher surface area can be obtained using the higher activation temperature. Higher NaOH to carbonized sample ratios also resulted in higher surface area for all activation temperatures, which are 662 m2g-1 for 700 °C activation temperature, 735 m2g-1 for 750 °C, and 776 m2g−1 for 800 °C. Isothermic studies showed that all of the activated carbon that is produced from Leucaena leucocephala biomass are fit to the Langmuir isotherm, regardless of any activation temperature. Lastly, the thermodynamic study found out the adsorption process is endothermic, reflected by the positive value of ΔHo. It can be concluded that Leucaena leucocephala is a promising alternative material for producing activated carbon.
Fishers’ responses to the Danish seiner ban and the history of fisheries governance on the Java north coast
Authors: Semedi Pujo , Schneider Katharina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn 2015, the Indonesian government announced that it would prohibit the operation of the so-calledcantrang(Danish Seine). The stated purpose of the cantrang ban was to make marine fisheries more environmentally sustainable. In response, cantrang fishers along the north coast of Java staged mass protests, and after 3 years of negotiations and uncertainty, the government exempted the cantrang fleets on the Java north coast from the policy. This paper analyses fishers’ responses to the ban from a historical and ethnographic perspective. Specifically, it compares the cantrang ban to two earlier government interventions in the fisheries on the Java north coast, one in 1905, the second 1980/81. With each intervention, a new governance principle was introduced to small-scale fisheries, established elites transferred their capital elsewhere, and new elites emerged who supported the new principle locally. Since 2015, however, only very few members of the established elites have exited the cantrang fishery, and no members of a new local elite have emerged yet who would support sustainability as a governance principle for fisheries. The paper aims to clarify why this was the case. More generally, it suggests that understanding the history of fisheries governance on the Java north coast requires attention to the role of local elites, and therefore to social differentiations among fishers.
Electrosynthesis of 3,3′,5,5’-Tetramethyl-2,2′-biphenol in Flow
Authors: Selt Maximilian , Gleede Barbara , Franke Robert , Stenglein Andreas , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract3,3′,5,5’-Tetramethyl-2,2′-biphenol is well known as an outstanding building block for ligands in transition-metal catalysis and is therefore of particular industrial interest. The electro-organic method is a powerful, sustainable, and efficient alternative to conventional synthetic approaches to obtain symmetric and non-symmetric biphenols. Here, we report the successive scale-up of the dehydrogenative anodic homocoupling of 2,4-dimethylphenol (4) from laboratory scale to the technically relevant scale in highly modular narrow gap flow electrolysis cells. The electrosynthesis was optimized in a manner that allows it to be easily adopted to different scales such as laboratory, semitechnical and technical scale. This includes not only the synthesis itself and its optimization but also a work-up strategy of the desired biphenols for larger scale. Furthermore, the challenges such as side reactions, heat development and gas evolution that arose during optimization are also discussed in detail. We have succeeded in obtaining yields of up to 62% of the desired biphenol.
Intention to Return and Perception of the Health Risk Due to Radiation Exposure Among Residents in Tomioka Town, Fukushima Prefecture, Stratified by Gender and Generation
Authors: Matsunaga Hitomi , Orita Makiko , Taira Yasuyuki , Kudo Takashi , Kondo Hisayoshi , Yamashita Shunichi , Takamura Noboru 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of this study was to clarify residents’ intentions to return (ITR) to Tomioka town, Fukushima Prefecture; and their risk perception of the health effects of radiation exposure as stratified by gender and generation.Methods:Of almost 8000 residents who were 20 years of age or older and who had lived, prior to the accident, in the zones of Tomioka town where residents were permitted to return, 1860 were included in the analysis. For the analysis, the residents were divided into 4 groups which were stratified by gender and age: older males (over 50 years), young males (20−49 years), older females (over 50 years), and young females (20−49 years).Results:ITR was found to be significantly lower in young males, young females, and older females than in older males. Conversely, young and older females had significantly higher levels of anxiety about drinking tap water and consuming food collected in Tomioka town. Young and older females also had greater concerns about adverse health effects on themselves and their offspring due to living in Tomioka town.Conclusion:Our results showed that special attention should be paid to younger residents, particularly to young females, with regard to recovery from a nuclear disaster.
Systematic review and meta-analysis on the role of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Morais Flavio M. , Ribeiro Angela M. , Moreira Fabricio A. , Silva Pollyanna V. G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that there is a reduction in the activity of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (Cox) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Methods:Systematic review of literature and meta-analysis were used with data obtained from the PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Lilacs, Eric and Cochrane. The keywords were Alzheimer’s AND Cox AND mitochondria; Alzheimer’s AND Cox AND mitochondria; Alzheimer’s AND complex IV AND mitochondria. A total of 1372 articles were found, 23 of them fitting the inclusion criteria. The data were assembled in an Excel spreadsheet and analysed using the RevMan software. A random effects model was adopted to the estimative of the effect.Results:The data shows a significant decrease in the activity of the Cox AD patients and animal models.Conclusion:Cox enzyme may be an important molecular component involved in the mechanisms underlying AD. Therefore, this enzyme may represent a possible new biomarker for the disease as a complementary diagnosis and a new treatment target for AD.
Nano chitosan–zinc complex improves the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of the small intestine in weaned piglets
Authors: Zhang Minyang , Hou Guojun , Hu Ping , Feng Dan , Wang Jing , Zhu Weiyun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with a nano chitosan–zinc complex (CP–Zn, 100 mg/kg Zn) could alleviate weaning stress in piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 by improving growth performance and intestinal antioxidant capacity. The in vivo effects of CP–Zn on growth performance variables (including gastrointestinal digestion and absorption functions and the levels of key proteins related to muscle growth) and the antioxidant capacity of the small intestine (SI) were evaluated in seventy-two weaned piglets. The porcine jejunal epithelial cell line IPEC-J2 was used to further investigate the antioxidant mechanism of CP–Zn in vitro. The results showed that CP–Zn supplementation increased the jejunal villus height and decreased the diarrhoea rate in weaned piglets. CP–Zn supplementation also improved growth performance (average daily gain and average daily feed intake), increased the activity of carbohydrate digestion-related enzymes (amylase, maltase, sucrase and lactase) and the mRNA expression levels of nutrient transporters (Na+-dependent glucose transporter 1, glucose transporter type 2, peptide transporter 1 and excitatory amino acid carrier 1) in the jejunum and up-regulated the expression levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway-related proteins (insulin receptor substrate 1, phospho-mTOR and phospho-p70S6K) in muscle. In addition, CP–Zn supplementation increased glutathione content, enhanced total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) activity, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the jejunum. Furthermore, CP–Zn decreased the content of MDA and reactive oxygen species, enhanced the activity of T-SOD and GSH-px and up-regulated the expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway-related proteins (Nrf2, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 and haeme oxygenase 1) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated IPEC-J2 cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that CP–Zn supplementation can improve growth performance and the antioxidant capacity of the SI in piglets, thus alleviating weaning stress.
Marine plastic pollution in the polar south: Responses from Antarctic Treaty System
Authors: Zhang Mengzhu , Haward Marcus , McGee Jeffrey 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMarine plastic pollution is increasing prominence in current discussions on the governance of the world’s oceans. The Southern Ocean is geographically remote but is still significantly impacted by plastic pollution. Plastic pollution in the Southern Ocean can derive from a variety of sources, including waste from research stations and fishing operations within the Treaty Area and, through transport by ocean currents and wind-generated water movements, from outside the Treaty Area. While there is a growing academic literature on marine plastic pollution in Antarctic, there is less attention to date on the response of the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) to this issue. This paper analyses how the ATS has engaged with the issue of plastic waste in general, and marine plastic pollution more particularly, from the entry into force of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty in 1998–2019. Our results indicate that from 2017 the ATS has shown increased attention towards addressing locally sourced marine plastic pollution. A significant problem, however, remains with the respect to marine plastic pollution originating from outside Antarctic Treaty Area that requires a governance response from outside the ATS.
Risk factors for delayed negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mo Pingzheng , Deng Liping , Liu Xiaoping , Gao Shicheng , Liang Ke , Luo Mingqi , Chen Tielong , Song Shihui , Ma Zhiyong , Chen Xiaoping , Fan Junli , Wang Fan , Xiong Yong , Zhang Yongxi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began in China and had spread rapidly to many other countries. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with delayed negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients. In this retrospective single-centre study, we included 169 consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from 15th January to 2nd March. The cases were divided into two groups according to the median time of SARS-CoV-2 negative conversion. The differences between groups were compared. In total, 169 patients had a median virus negative conversion time of 18 days (interquartile range: 11–25) from symptom onset. Compared with the patients with short-term negative conversion, those with long-term conversion had an older age, higher incidence of comorbidities, chief complaints of cough and chest distress/breath shortness and severer illness on admission, higher level of leucocytes, neutrophils, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lower level of CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes and albumin and more likely to receive mechanical ventilation. In multivariate analysis, cough, leucocytes, neutrophils and ESR were positively correlated with delayed virus negative conversion, and CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes were negatively correlated. The integrated indicator of leucocytes, neutrophils and CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes showed a good performance in predicting the negative conversion within 2 weeks (area under ROC curve (AUC) = 0.815), 3 weeks (AUC = 0.804), 4 weeks (AUC = 0.812) and 5 weeks (AUC = 0.786). In conclusion, longer quarantine periods might be more justified for COVID-19 patients with cough, higher levels of leucocytes, neutrophils and ESR and lower levels of CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes.
Dietary antioxidants and fibre intake and depressive symptoms in Iranian adolescent girls
Authors: Khayyatzadeh Sayyed Saeid , Omranzadeh Alireza , Miri-Moghaddam Mohammad Mobin , Arekhi Soheil , Naseri Amirhosein , Ziaee Amirhosein , Khajavi Leila , Nejati Salehkhani Fatemeh , Ferns Gordon A , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:To investigate the cross-sectional association between dietary intakes of antioxidants and fibre and depressive symptoms among Iranian adolescent girls.Design:A cross-sectional population-based study.Setting:Primary schools in two different cities located in northeastern Iran (Mashhad and Sabzevar).Participants:A total of 988 adolescent girls aged 12–18 years were included in the study.Results:Subjects with no or minimal depression symptoms had significantly higher dietary intakes of α-carotene (P = 0·01), β-carotene (P = 0·006), lutein (P = 0·03) and vitamin C (P = 0·04) when compared with subjects with mild-to-severe depression symptoms. Soluble dietary fibre and insoluble dietary fibre intakes were also significantly higher in healthy adolescents compared with those with depression symptoms (P < 0·001). In multivariate-adjusted model 2, the OR (95 % CI) of depressive symptoms were 0·61 (95 % CI 0·37, 1·01), 0·42 (95 % CI 0·26, 0·69), 0·50 (95 % CI 0·31, 0·79), 0·71 (95 % CI 0·44, 1·15), 0·51 (95 % CI 0·32, 0·82) and 0·42 (95 % CI 0·25, 0·68) for the highest v. lowest quartile of vitamin C, β-carotene, α-carotene, lutein, soluble dietary fibre and insoluble dietary fibre cereal intakes, respectively.Conclusions:Dietary intake of some antioxidants and dietary fibre intake was inversely associated with depression symptoms among Iranian adolescent girls.
Factors influencing engagement and dietary behaviour change of mothers and their children in a blog-delivered healthy eating intervention: a process evaluation of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Dumas Audrée-Anne , Lemieux Simone , Lapointe Annie , Provencher Véronique , Robitaille Julie , Desroches Sophie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjective:A randomised controlled trial found no evidence of an impact of a blog written by a registered dietitian (RD) on vegetables and fruit and milk and alternatives (e.g. soya-based beverages, yogurt and cheese) consumption – two food groups included in the 2007 version of the Canadian Food Guide – in mothers and their children compared with a control condition. To investigate these null findings, the current study explored participants’ perceptions of engagement with the blog and its influence on their dietary behaviours.Design:Mixed methods process evaluation using a post-intervention satisfaction questionnaire and a content analysis of mothers’ comments on the blog (n 213 comments).Setting:French-speaking adult mothers living in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada (n 26; response rate = 61·9 % of the total sample randomised to exposure to the blog).Results:Most mothers (n 20/26; 76·9 %) perceived the blog useful to improve their dietary habits – with the most appreciated blog features being nutritional information and healthy recipes and interactions with fellow participants and the RD. Mothers reported several facilitators (e.g. meal planning and involving children in household food activities) and few barriers (e.g. lack of time and children’s food preferences) to maternal and child consumption of vegetables and fruit and milk and alternatives. Lack of time was the principal reported barrier affecting blog engagement.Conclusions:The findings from the current study suggest that blogs written by an RD may be an acceptable format of intervention delivery among mothers, but may not alleviate all the barriers to healthy eating and engagement in a dietary intervention.