bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong connection between single-particle and density excitations in Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Watabe Shohei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Strong connection between the single-particle excitation and the collective excitation stands out as one of the features of Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs). We discuss theoretically these single-particle and density excitations of BECs focusing on the exact properties of the one-body and two-body Green’s functions developed by Gavoret and Nozières. We also investigate these excitations by using the many-body approximation theory at nonzero temperatures. First, we revisited the earlier study presented by Gavoret and Nozières, involving the subsequent results given by Nepomnyashchii and Nepomnyashchii, in terms of the matrix formalism representation. This matrix formalism is an extension of the Nambu representation for the single-particle Green’s function of BECs to discuss the density and current response functions efficiently. We describe the exact low-energy properties of the correlation functions and the vertex functions, and discuss the correspondence of the spectra between the single-particle excitation and the density excitation in the low-energy and low-momentum limits at T = 0. After deriving the exact low-energy structures of the one-body and two-body Green’s functions, we develop a many-body approximation theory of BECs with making the use of the matrix formalism for describing the single-particle Green’s function and the density response function at nonzero temperatures. We show how the peaks of the single-particle spectral function and the density response function behave with an increasing temperature. Many-body effect on the single-particle spectral function and the density response function is included within a random phase approximation, where satellite structures emerge because of beyond-mean-field effects. Criticisms are also made on recent theories casting doubt upon the conventional wisdom of the BEC: the equivalence of the dispersion relations between the single-particle excitation and the collective excitation in the low-energy and low-momentum regime.
Modulation-induced long-range magnon bound states in one-dimensional optical lattices
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Ke Yongguan , Zhu Bo , Lee Chaohong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Magnon excitations play an important role in understanding quantum magnetism and magnon bound states observed with ultracold atoms in optical lattices. Here, we investigate how gradient magnetic field and periodically modulated spin-exchange strength affect the two-magnon excitations. In the Stark resonance where the driving frequency matches and smooths the potential bias, the system gains translational invariance in both space and time in the rotating frame, and thus we can develop a Floquet–Bloch band theory for two magnons. We find a new kind of bound states with relative distance no less than two sites, apart from the conventional bound states with relative distance at one site, which indicates the modulation-induced long-range interaction. We analytically derive an effective Hamiltonian via the many-body perturbation theory for a deeper understanding of such novel bound states and explore the interplay between these two types of bound states. Moreover, we propose to probe modulation-induced bound states via quantum walks. Our study not only provides a scheme to form long-range magnon bound states, but also lays a cornerstone for engineering exotic quantum states in multi-particle Floquet systems.
Control of surface plasmon-polaritons at interfaces between triple quantum dots and nanocomposites
Authors: Rahman Habibur , Ahmad Iftikhar , Ud Din Rafi , Ge Guo-Qin , Ali Hazrat 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Surface plasmon-polariton (SPPs) at the interface between a nanocomposite material and a medium, in which triple quantum dots (QDs) are uniformely embedded, are theoretically investigated. The absorption and dispersion spectra of SPPs are shown to have interesting behavior in the proposed system. The plasmonic spectra can be efficiently controlled via gate voltages applied in the triple QD as well as the filling ratio of nanoparticles in the composite. Moreover, the effect of incident frequencies on different features of the propagating plasmons is also manipulated. The propagation length and plasmonic depth are measured with different spectroscopic parameters. This study provides more degrees of freedom for generation and control of SPPs in plasmonic geometries containing QDs or nanocomposites or both. The results may find significant applications in atomic spectroscopy, nano-photonics, photovoltaic devices, biosensors and plasmonster technology.
The Relationship Between Urine Uromodulin and Blood Pressure Changes: The DASH-Sodium Trial
Authors: Bakhoum Christine Y , Anderson Cheryl A M , Juraschek Stephen P , Rebholz Casey M , Appel Lawrence J , Miller Edgar R , Parikh Chirag R , Obeid Wassim , Rifkin Dena E , Ix Joachim H , Garimella Pranav S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Uromodulin modulates the sodium-potassium-two-chloride transporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, and its overexpression in murine models leads to salt-induced hypertension. We hypothesized that individuals with higher baseline levels of urine uromodulin would have a greater increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) for the same increase in sodium compared with those with lower uromodulin levels.

METHODS
We used data from 157 subjects randomized to the control diet of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-Sodium trial who were assigned to 30 days of low (1,500 mg/d), medium (2,400 mg/d), and high salt (3,300 mg/d) diets in random order. Blood pressure was measured prerandomization and then weekly during each feeding period. We evaluated the association of prerandomization urine uromodulin with change in SBP between diets, as measured at the end of each feeding period, using multivariable linear regression.

RESULTS
Baseline urine uromodulin stratified by tertiles was ≤17.64, 17.65–31.97, and ≥31.98 µg/ml. Across the tertiles, there were no significant differences in SBP at baseline, nor was there a differential effect of sodium diet on SBP across tertiles (low to high, P = 0.81). After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and race, uromodulin levels were not significantly associated with SBP change from low to high sodium diet (P = 0.42).

CONCLUSIONS
In a randomized trial of different levels of salt intake, higher urine uromodulin levels were not associated with a greater increase in blood pressure in response to high salt intake.
Estimating time-varying causal excursion effects in mobile health with binary outcomes
Authors: Qian Tianchen , Yoo Hyesun , Klasnja Predrag , Almirall Daniel , Murphy Susan A 
Published: August 2020

SummaryAdvances in digital technology and wearables have made it possible to deliver behavioural mobile health interventions to individuals in their everyday lives. Micro-randomized trials are increasingly used to provide data to inform the construction of these interventions. In a micro-randomized trial, each individual is repeatedly randomized among multiple intervention options, often hundreds or even thousands of times over the course of the trial. The work reported in this article is motivated by multiple micro-randomized trials that have been conducted or are currently in the field, in which the primary outcome is a longitudinal binary outcome. The primary aim of such micro-randomized trials is to examine whether a particular time-varying intervention has an effect on the longitudinal binary outcome, often marginally over all, but a small subset of the individual’s data. We propose the concept of causal excursion effect, which can be used in such a primary-aim analysis for micro-randomized trials with binary outcomes. Under rather restrictive assumptions one can derive, based on existing literature, a semiparametric, locally efficient estimator of the causal effect. Starting from this estimator, we develop an estimator that can be used as the basis of a primary-aim analysis under more plausible assumptions. Simulation studies are conducted to compare the estimators. We illustrate the proposed methods using data from the micro-randomized trial BariFit, the goal of which is to support weight maintenance for individuals who have undergone bariatric surgery.
Real-time Screening of Specimen Pools for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection at Sanya Airport, Hainan Island, China
Authors: Li Huiling , Sun Kai , Persing David H , Tang Yi-Wei , Shen Dingxia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A 10:1 pooled test strategy on-site at an airport of China was pursued, resulting in increased test throughput, limited use of reagents, and increased testing efficiency without loss of sensitivity. This testing approach has the potential to reduce the need for contact tracing when the results are delivered first time.
Hybrid Simulation for Modeling Healthcare-associated Infections: Promising But Challenging
Authors: Nguyen Le Khanh Ngan , Megiddo Itamar , Howick Susan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a major public health problem as they pose a serious risk for patients and providers, increasing morbidity, mortality, and length of stay, as well as costs to patients and the health system. Prevention and control of HAIs has, therefore, become a priority for most healthcare systems. Systems simulation models have provided insights into the dynamics of HAIs and help to evaluate the effect of infection control interventions. However, as each systems simulation modeling method has strengths and limitations, combining these methods in hybrid models can offer a better tool to gain complementary views on, and deeper insights into HAIs. Hybrid models can, therefore, assist decision-making at different levels of management, and provide a balance between simulation performance and result accuracy. This report discusses these benefits in more depth but also highlights some challenges associated with the use of hybrid simulation models for modeling HAIs.
Human Adenovirus 7-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis-like Illness: Clinical and Virological Characteristics in a Cluster of Five Pediatric Cases
Authors: Otto William R , Behrens Edward M , Teachey David T , Lamson Daryl M , Barrett David M , Bassiri Hamid , Lambert Michelle P , Mount Suzanne , Petrosa Whitney L , Romberg Neil , Sullivan Kathleen E , Topjian Alexis A , Fisher Brian T , Kajon Adriana E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening condition of immune dysregulation. Children often suffer from primary genetic forms of HLH, which can be triggered by infection. Others suffer from secondary HLH as a complication of infection, malignancy, or rheumatologic disease. Identifying the exact cause of HLH is crucial, as definitive treatment for primary disease is hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Adenoviruses have been associated with HLH but molecular epidemiology data are lacking.

Methods
We describe the clinical and virologic characteristics of 5 children admitted with adenovirus infection during 2018–2019 who developed HLH or HLH-like illness. Detailed virologic studies, including virus isolation and comprehensive molecular typing were performed.

Results
All patients recovered; clinical management varied but included immunomodulating and antiviral therapies. A genetic predisposition for HLH was not identified in any patient. Adenovirus isolates were recovered from 4/5 cases; all were identified as genomic variant 7d. Adenovirus type 7 DNA was detected in the fifth case. Phylogenetic analysis of genome sequences identified 2 clusters—1 related to strains implicated in 2016–2017 outbreaks in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, the other related to a 2009 Chinese strain.

Conclusions
It can be challenging to determine whether HLH is the result of an infectious pathogen alone or genetic predisposition triggered by an infection. We describe 5 children from the same center presenting with an HLH-like illness after onset of adenovirus type 7 infection. None of the patients were found to have a genetic predisposition to HLH. These findings suggest that adenovirus 7 infection alone can result in HLH.
Evaluating Differences in Opioid and Stimulant Use-associated Infectious Disease Hospitalizations in Florida, 2016–2017
Authors: Serota David P , Bartholomew Tyler S , Tookes Hansel E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
The opioid epidemic has led to increases in injection drug use (IDU)-associated infectious diseases; however, little is known about how more recent increases in stimulant use have affected the incidence and outcomes of hospitalizations for infections among people who inject drugs (PWID).

Methods
All hospitalizations of PWID for IDU-associated infections in Florida were identified using administrative diagnostic codes and were grouped by substance used (opioids, stimulants, or both) and site of infection. We evaluated the association between substance used and the outcomes: patient-directed discharge (PDD, or “against medical advice”) and in-hospital mortality.

Results
There were 22 856 hospitalizations for infections among PWID. Opioid use was present in 73%, any stimulants in 43%, and stimulants-only in 27%. Skin and soft tissue infection was present in 50%, sepsis/bacteremia in 52%, osteomyelitis in 10%, and endocarditis in 10%. PWID using opioids/stimulants were youngest, most uninsured, and had the highest rates of endocarditis (16%) and hepatitis C (44%). Additionally, 25% of patients with opioid/stimulant use had PDD versus 12% for those using opioids-only. In adjusted models, opioid/stimulant use was associated with PDD compared to opioid-only use (aRR 1.28, 95% CI 1.17–1.40). Younger age and endocarditis were also associated with PDD. Compared to opioid-only use, stimulant-only use had higher risk of in-hospital mortality (aRR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03–1.46).

Conclusions
While opioid use contributed to most IDU-associated infections, many hospitalizations also involved stimulants. Increasing access to harm reduction interventions could help prevent these infections, while further research on the acute management of stimulant use disorder-associated infections is needed.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNA in Serum as Predictor of Severe Outcome in Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hagman Karl , Hedenstierna Magnus , Gille-Johnson Patrik , Hammas Berit , Grabbe Malin , Dillner Joakim , Ursing Johan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to determine if SARS-CoV-2 RNA in serum at admission correlated with clinical outcome in COVID-19.

Methods
COVID-19 patients admitted to the infectious diseases department of a tertiary level Swedish hospital and sampled for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in serum at admission during 10 April to 30 June 2020 were included. Primary outcomes were day 28 all-cause mortality and progress to critical disease.

Results
The cohort (N = 167) consisted of 106 SARS-CoV-2 RNA serum-negative and 61 serum-positive patients. Median sampling time for initial SARS-CoV-2 in serum was 1 day (interquartile range [IQR], 1–2 days) after admission, corresponding to day 10 (IQR, 8–12) after symptom onset. Median age was 53 years (IQR, 44–67 years) and 63 years (IQR, 52–74 years) for the serum–negative and -positive patients, respectively. In the serum-negative and -positive groups, 3 of 106 and 15 of 61 patients died, respectively.
The hazard ratios for critical disease and all-cause mortality were 7.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0–17) and 8.6 (95% CI, 2.4–30), respectively, for patients with serum–positive compared to serum–negative results.

Conclusions
SARS-CoV-2 RNA in serum at hospital admission indicates a high risk of progression to critical disease and death.
Profiling Cases With Nonrespiratory Symptoms and Asymptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections in Mexico City
Authors: Bello-Chavolla Omar Yaxmehen , Antonio-Villa Neftali Eduardo , Vargas-Vázquez Arsenio , Fermín-Martínez Carlos A , Márquez-Salinas Alejandro , Bahena-López Jessica Paola 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We profiled cases with nonrespiratory symptoms (NRS) and asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections assessed within Mexico City’s Epidemiological Surveillance System. Initially asymptomatic or NRS cases have decreased risk of adverse outcomes compared with cases with respiratory symptoms. Comorbidity and age influence symptom development in initially asymptomatic cases.
Collateral Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Tuberculosis Control in Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Liu Qiao , Lu Peng , Shen Ye , Li Changwei , Wang Jianming , Zhu Limei , Lu Wei , Martinez Leonardo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may impede global tuberculosis elimination goals. In Jiangsu Province, China, tuberculosis notifications dropped 52% in 2020 compared to 2015–2019. Treatment completion and screening for drug resistance decreased continuously in 2020. Urgent attention must be paid to tuberculosis control efforts during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Reconstruction of the esophagus of patients with middle thoracic esophageal carcinoma using the remnant stomach following Billroth II gastrectomy
Authors: Mao Zhangfan , Wang Bo , Dong Ping , Liu Gaoli , Hu Haifeng , Zhang Shaowen , Pan Shize , Huang Jie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
It seems impossible to reconstruct the esophagus of patients with middle thoracic esophageal carcinoma with a history of distal gastrectomy using the remnant stomach. Although surgeons have made multiple efforts to reconstruct the esophagus using the remnant stomach, it can only be successfully used in cases of lower thoracic esophageal cancer. Additionally, the surgery is more complex than traditional esophagogastrostomy due to challenges including mobilization of the remnant stomach with the spleen and transposition of the pancreatic tail into the left hemithorax. Our operation proved that the remnant stomach, which we named as the completely mobilized remnant stomach after dissection of the feeding vessels, remained viable. We successfully integrated the completely mobilized remnant stomach in the reconstruction of the lower thoracic esophageal tract and then integrated it in Ivor Lewis esophagogastrostomy. We describe this new alternative surgical technique for the treatment of middle thoracic esophageal carcinoma in patients with a history of distal gastrectomy in this study. Clinical data of 23 patients from 2008 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent the Ivor Lewis procedure. All remaining vessels of the remnant stomach were dissected at their origins, and Roux-en-Y reconstruction or Braun anastomosis was performed. After esophagectomy during right thoracotomy, anastomosis of the remnant stomach and esophagus was performed. Two-field lymph node dissections were performed. There was no case of necrosis of the remnant stomach or of perioperative death. Serious complications included anastomotic leak in three cases, afferent-efferent loop syndrome in one, and anastomotic stricture in two. Application of the completely mobilized remnant stomach in Ivor Lewis esophagogastrostomy is feasible, and the surgical procedure is similar to that of normal esophagogastrostomy.
The past, present and future of RNA respiratory viruses: influenza and coronaviruses
Authors: Makarov Vadim , Riabova Olga , Ekins Sean , Pluzhnikov Nikolay , Chepur Sergei 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTInfluenza virus and coronaviruses continue to cause pandemics across the globe. We now have a greater understanding of their functions. Unfortunately, the number of drugs in our armory to defend us against them is inadequate. This may require us to think about what mechanisms to address. Here, we review the biological properties of these viruses, their genetic evolution and antiviral therapies that can be used or have been attempted. We will describe several classes of drugs such as serine protease inhibitors, heparin, heparan sulfate receptor inhibitors, chelating agents, immunomodulators and many others. We also briefly describe some of the drug repurposing efforts that have taken place in an effort to rapidly identify molecules to treat patients with COVID-19. While we put a heavy emphasis on the past and present efforts, we also provide some thoughts about what we need to do to prepare for respiratory viral threats in the future.
Activity of airway antimicrobial peptides against cystic fibrosis pathogens
Authors: Cabak Andrea , Hovold Gisela , Petersson Ann-Cathrine , Ramstedt Madeleine , Påhlman Lisa I 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial peptides are important players of the innate host defence against invading microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of airway antimicrobial peptides against the common cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and to compare it to the emerging multi-drug resistant CF pathogens Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Clinical bacterial isolates from CF patients were used, and the antimicrobial activity of human beta-defensin 2 and 3, LL37 and lysozyme was evaluated using radial diffusion assay and viable counts. The cell surface zeta potential was analysed to estimate the net charge at the bacterial surface. Of the bacterial species included in the study, A. xylosoxidans was the most resistant to antimicrobial peptides, whereas P. aeruginosa was the most susceptible. The net charge of the bacterial surface was significantly more negative for P. aeruginosa compared to A. xylosoxidans, which may in part explain the differences in susceptibility.
Bacteriocins as a new generation of antimicrobials: toxicity aspects and regulations
Authors: Soltani Samira , Hammami Riadh , Cotter Paul D , Rebuffat Sylvie , Said Laila Ben , Gaudreau Hélène , Bédard François , Biron Eric , Drider Djamel , Fliss Ismail 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTIn recent decades, bacteriocins have received substantial attention as antimicrobial compounds. Although bacteriocins have been predominantly exploited as food preservatives, they are now receiving increased attention as potential clinical antimicrobials and as possible immune-modulating agents. Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been declared as a global threat to public health. Bacteriocins represent a potential solution to this worldwide threat due to their broad- or narrow-spectrum activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Notably, despite their role in food safety as natural alternatives to chemical preservatives, nisin remains the only bacteriocin legally approved by regulatory agencies as a food preservative. Moreover, insufficient data on the safety and toxicity of bacteriocins represent a barrier against the more widespread use of bacteriocins by the food and medical industry. Here, we focus on the most recent trends relating to the application of bacteriocins, their toxicity and impacts.