bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring hardware accelerator offload for the Internet of Things
Authors: Cooke Ryan A. , Fahmy Suhaib A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Internet of Things is manifested through a large number of low-capability connected devices. This means that for many applications, computation must be offloaded to more capable platforms. While this has typically been cloud datacenters accessed over the Internet, this is not feasible for latency sensitive applications. In this paper we investigate the interplay between three factors that contribute to overall application latency when offloading computations in IoT applications. First, different platforms can reduce computation latency by differing amounts. Second, these platforms can be traditional server-based or emerging network-attached, which exhibit differing data ingestion latencies. Finally, where these platforms are deployed in the network has a significant impact on the network traversal latency. All these factors contributed to overall application latency, and hence the efficacy of computational offload. We show that network-attached acceleration scales better to further network locations and smaller base computation times that traditional server based approaches.
Code-switching Llibre dels Fets: Language ideology in the 13th century Crown of Aragon
Authors: Pujol i Campeny Afra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this article, I explore code-switching in Llibre dels Fets (a 13th century chronicle that narrates the life and deeds of king James I of Aragon) from a glottopolitical perspective in order to uncover the linguistic ideologies reflected in the text through this phenomenon. Code-switching in contemporary Romance languages, as well as in Latin and Arabic, is found throughout the text, mostly within reported speech. Through the analysis of these fragments and the analysis of the labels used to refer to each of these varieties, it is shown that: (i) different varieties are used to express either allegiance (Catalan and Occitan) or opposition (Western Ibero-Romance) to the figure of the King, and that that Aragonese was erased as a language of the Crown of Aragon; (ii) code-switching in Latin is used to confer authority to the discourse; (iii) code-switching in the Romance languages is a mechanism to express group membership; and finally (iv) that mutual intelligibility between Catalan and the attested contemporary Romance varieties is assumed at the time of composition of the text.
Effects of local oscillator on the performance of DP-QPSK WDM system with channel spacing of 37.5 GHz
Authors: Sharma Neeraj , Agrawal Sunil , Kapoor Vinod , Budhiraja Sumit 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK) modulation format is emerging as a main contender for 37.5 GHz frequency grid of WDM systems. However, the optical add drop multiplexers (OADMs) affect the performance of the system because of narrow channel spacing. The local oscillator (LO) is an important component of the digital coherent receiver. This paper analyzes the effects of LO parameter on the performance of the considered system. It is exhibited that optimum range of optical power and laser linewidth of the LO helps in improving the performance of the considered system.
Peninsular effect on species richness in Italian small mammals and bats
Authors: Battisti Corrado , Marta Silvio , Agnelli Paolo , Luiselli Luca , Stoch Fabio , Amori Giovanni 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Peninsular effect is an anomalous gradient in plant and animal species richness from base to tip of a given peninsula. This pattern has been studied intensely on various taxonomic groups, but with scarce attention for using standardized data. Here, using presence-absence data normalized by the field effort, the peninsular effect on the species richness of some mammalian groups (Eulipotyphla [i.e. Soricomorpha + Erinaceomorpha], Rodentia, and Chiroptera) was analyzed along the Italian peninsula. Specifically, species richness at each 30′-wide latitudinal band and the normalized species richness were compared, and generalized linear models (GLM) were used to assess whether habitat diversity, altitudinal range and area of each latitudinal band were the main predictors in explaining the peninsular effects in each of the three mammalian orders. In both Rodentia and Chiroptera, species richness was better predicted by habitat heterogeneity and by the interaction term habitat heterogeneity × field effort. For Eulipotyphla, GLM models gave no significant results. Our study highlighted the importance of taking into account the sampling effort in order to proper evaluate the peninsular effects on species richness in animals.
Interface-induced field-like optical spin torque in a ferromagnet/heavy metal heterostructure
Authors: Iihama Satoshi , Ishibashi Kazuaki , Mizukami Shigemi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The manipulation of magnetization in a metallic ferromagnet by using optical helicity has been much attracted attention for future opto-spintronic devices. The optical helicity–induced torques on the magnetization, optical spin torque, have been observed in ferromagnetic thin films recently. However, the interfacial effect of the optical spin torque in ferromagnet/nonmagnetic heavy metal heterostructures have not been addressed so far, which are widely utilized to efficiently control magnetization via electrical means. Here, we studied optical spin torque vectors in the ferromagnet/nonmagnetic heavy metal heterostructures and observed that in-plane field-like optical spin torque was significantly increased with decreasing ferromagnetic layer thicknesses. The interfacial field-like optical spin torque was explained by the optical Rashba–Edelstein effect caused by the structural inversion symmetry breaking. This work will aid in the efficient optical manipulation of thin film nanomagnets using optical helicity.
Evaluation and possible mechanism of beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua Hubner) resistance to chlorpyrifos and their sensitivity to neem oil insecticides
Authors: Yuliani Yuliani , Ismayana Safri , Maharani Rani , Widiantini Fitri , Dono Danar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The uncontrolled and excessive use of insecticides on Spodoptera exigua can cause resistance. The aim of this study is to test resistance of S. exigua to chlorpyrifos and determine the possible mechanism of resistance to S. exigua. The resistance assay was carried out on chlorpyrifos by determining the level of resistance by the comparison of LC50 between the field samples and the standard samples. The resistivity of S. exigua was correlated with the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), esterase, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes. The samples of S. exigua were also tested for their sensitivity to neem oil insecticides. The results showed that S. exigua samples from Brebes and Cipanas had a resistance ratio (RR) of 5.50 and 3.26, respectively. The results of the present study indicate that the insensitivity of the AChE and the high activity of the GST play a significant role in the mechanism of S. exigua resistance to chlorpyrifos. However, the esterase has fewer roles in the S. exigua resistance mechanism for both samples. In addition, the results of neem oil insecticides test showed that S. exigua from Brebes and Cipanas samples is sensitive to the insecticide with the RR value less than 1; therefore, this biopesticide has the opportunity to manage resistant pests. A novel mechanism for insecticide resistance by insect was proposed.
Magnetic torque-driven deformation of Ni-nanorod/hydrogel nanocomposites
Authors: Birster Kerstin , Schweitzer Rouven , Schopphoven Christoph , Tschöpe Andreas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNickel (Ni) nanorods were prepared by the anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template method and dispersed in poly(acrylamide) (PAM) hydrogels. The deformation of the magnetoresponsive composites was studied with particular attention to the consequences of finite magnetic shape anisotropy as compared to rigid dipoles on the field-dependent torque. For comparison with experiments, the composite was described as an elastic continuum with a local magnetic torque density, applied by discrete particles and determined by the local orientation of their magnetic anisotropy axis with respect to the magnetic field. The mean magnetic moment of the single domain particlesmand their volume density in the compositeφvolwere derived from the static field-dependent optical transmission (SFOT) of linear polarized light. The mechanical coupling between the particles and their viscoelastic environment was retrieved from the rotational dynamics of the nanorods using oscillating field-dependent optical transmission (OFOT) measurements. Field- and orientation-dependent magnetization measurements were analyzed using the Stoner–Wohlfarth (SW) model and a valid parameter range was identified by introducing an effective anisotropy constantKAas a new empirical model parameter. This adapted SW-model for quantitative description of the field- and orientation dependence of the magnetic torque was validated by measuring the local rotation of nanorods in a soft elastic hydrogel. Finally, torsional and bending deformation of thin magnetically textured composite filaments were computed and compared with experiments.
The Effects of Power Outages on the Performance of Manufacturing Firms in the MENA Region
Authors: Fakih Ali , Ghazalian Pascal , Ghazzawi Nancy 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPower supply in developing countries is often characterized by unreliability and inefficiency, resulting in disruption costs for operating firms. The extents of power outages in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are more significant compared to other geo-economic regions. This paper examines the effects of power outages on the performance of manufacturing firms in the MENA region using a firm-level dataset derived from the World Bank’s Enterprise Surveys (WBES) database. Firm performance is represented by sales, employment, and productivity growth rates. The extents of power outages are depicted by objective measures characterizing durations and frequencies of power outages, and by perception-based measures reflecting firms’ perceived severity of power outages. The results emphasize the adverse consequences of power outages for the performance of manufacturing firms in the MENA region. They also suggest that different patterns of power outages have varying implications for firm performance, and that the effects of power outages exhibit variations with firm size.
Effect of Cooling Rate and Austenite Deformation on Hardness and Microstructure of 960MPa High Strength Steel
Authors: Yang Xiong , Yu Wei , Tang Di , Shi Jiaxin , Li Yuqian , Fan Jia , Mei Donggui , Du Qiming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In order to develop 960MPa grade high strength steel, the effects of cooling rate and austenite deformation on the hardness and the microstructure of high strength steel has been studied by Scanning Electron microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Gleeble-3500 thermal simulation testing machine and T2500 Vickers hardness tester. The results show that only when the cooling rate was higher than 10∘C/s and the final cooling temperature was lower than 250∘C, the microstructure mainly consists of martensite, and the strength of high strength steel could be above 960MPa; and austenite deformation could effectively refine the width of martensite lath, thus improving the strength and toughness.
Ministererlaubnis für Kartellfälle: Kooperation im Sinne des Gemeinwohls?
Authors: Budzinski Oliver , Stöhr Annika 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Mit der Umsetzung der 7. Novelle des Gesetzes gegen Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen (GWB) wurde im Jahr 2005 die Ausnahmeregelung des sog. Ministerkartells nach § 8 GWB ersatzlos gestrichen. Ähnlich dem noch bestehenden Instrument der Ministererlaubnis für Fusionen nach § 42 GWB konnte bis dahin der amtierende Bundeswirtschaftsminister aus „überwiegenden Gründen der Gesamtwirtschaft und des Gemeinwohls“ (§ 8 Abs. 1 GWB) sowie bei unmittelbarer „Gefahr für den Bestand des überwiegenden Teils der Unternehmen eines Wirtschaftszweigs“ (§ 8 Abs. 2 Satz 1 GWB) eine Ausnahme vom Kartellverbot nach § 1 GWB aussprechen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden zunächst die Ausgestaltung und die ökonomische Sinnhaftigkeit des Instrumentes an sich beleuchtet. Dabei wird insbesondere auf potenzielle Gemeinwohlgründe eingegangen, welche in der aktuellen wissenschaftlichen und politischen Diskussion im Vordergrund stehen: Umwelt- und Tierschutz, sowie die Bildung und Unterstützung von sog. National Champion Unternehmen. Abschließend wird ein Vergleich der Instrumente Ministerkartell und Ministererlaubnis für Fusionen vorgenommen, welcher zeigt, dass ein ministererlaubtes Kartell häufig weniger starke negative Wettbewerbswirkungen hätte als eine irreversible Fusion. Aus ökonomischer Sicht wäre somit ein Ersatz des vieldiskutierten Instrumentes der Ministererlaubnis nach § 42 GWB durch eine Regelung zur Ausnahmeerlaubnis von Kartellen zu erwägen. Allerdings würde jedes derartige Instrument erheblicher Absicherungen gegen eine ungeeignete oder missbräuchliche Anwendung bedürfen, ohne welche ein Verzicht die bessere Lösung darstellt.
Staatskapitalismus und Chancengleichheit
Authors: Kühling Jürgen , Reinhold Philipp , Weck Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die Globalisierung hat dazu beigetragen, dass Unternehmen aus Drittstaaten wie z. B. China in der EU in wachsendem Maße tätig sind. Der chinesische Staat greift im System einer „sozialistischen Marktwirtschaft mit chinesischen Merkmalen“ allerdings in vielfältiger Weise in die Wirtschaft ein, unter anderem mit Subventionen. Die zunehmende Bedeutung Chinas für die Weltwirtschaft bringt es mit sich, dass sich derartige Eingriffe zunehmend spürbar zum Nachteil europäischer Unternehmen auswirken. Der Wettbewerbsschutz im EU-Binnenmarkt ist nach den bestehenden Regeln gerade im Fall drittstaatlicher Subventionen lückenhaft. Die Außenhandelsregeln stellen zwar Instrumente bereit, um auf „unfaire“ Handelspraktiken zu reagieren. Auch diese Instrumente gewährleisten aber keinen umfassenden Schutz des Wettbewerbs im EU-Binnenmarkt. Zu einem solchen Schutz könnte ein Drittlandsbeihilfeinstrument (DBI) beitragen, mit dem drittstaatliche Subventionen und mitgliedstaatliche Beihilfen im Grundsatz gleichgestellt würden.
Early Physical Abuse and Adult Outcomes
Authors: Lansford Jennifer E. , Godwin Jennifer , McMahon Robert J. , Crowley Max , Pettit Gregory S. , Bates John E. , Coie John D. , Dodge Kenneth A. 
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND:Because most physical abuse goes unreported and researchers largely rely on retrospective reports of childhood abuse or prospective samples with substantiated maltreatment, long-term outcomes of physical abuse in US community samples are unknown. We hypothesized that early childhood physical abuse would prospectively predict adult outcomes in education and economic stability, physical health, mental health, substance use, and criminal behavior.METHODS:Researchers in two multisite studies recruited children at kindergarten entry and followed them into adulthood. Parents completed interviews about responses to the child’s problem behaviors during the kindergarten interview. Interviewers rated the probability that the child was physically abused in the first 5 years of life. Adult outcomes were measured by using 23 indicators of education and economic stability, physical health, mental health, substance use, and criminal convictions reported by participants and their peers and in school and court records.RESULTS:Controlling for potential confounds, relative to participants who were not physically abused, adults who had been abused were more likely to have received special education services, repeated a grade, be receiving government assistance, score in the clinical range on externalizing or internalizing disorders, and have been convicted of a crime in the past year (3.20, 2.14, 2.00, 2.42, 2.10, and 2.61 times more likely, respectively) and reported levels of physical health that were 0.10 SDs lower. No differences were found in substance use.CONCLUSIONS:Unreported physical abuse in community samples has long-term detrimental effects into adulthood. Pediatricians should talk with parents about using only nonviolent discipline and support early interventions to prevent child abuse.
Effect of video information on anxiety level in women undergoing endometrial biopsy
Authors: SOYKAN SERT Zekiye 
Published: December 2020

Aim: We evaluated the impact of video information in addition to routinely applied verbal and written information on satisfaction and anxiety levels in women who are planned to undergo endometrial biopsy.
Materials and Methods: A total of 84 patients who underwent endometrial biopsy were included in this prospective study. Patients were divided into “video group” and “no video group” based on written and/or visual information provided. State anxiety scale (STAI-S) and the anxiety (HADS-A) subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used to measure the anxiety levels of patients. Both groups were given standard verbal and written information about the biopsy. In addition, patients in the video group watched video information. Both groups were reevaluated with STAI-S and HADS-A afterward. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a Likert-type scale and the pain score during biopsy was evaluated using visual analog scale (VAS).
Results: Pre-information STAI-S and HADS-A scores were high in both groups (STAI-S ≥ 42 and HADS-A ≥ 11). No significant difference was observed between the post-information and pre-information STAI-S and HADS-A scores of the no video group (p > 0.05). However, a significant decrease was observed in post-information STAI-S and HADS-A scores in the video group (p ≤ 0.001). Further, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of VAS scores (p = 0.20). Satisfaction was higher in the group receiving video information (p = 0.001).
Conclusions: Endometrial biopsy can cause stress and increase patient anxiety. Video information reduces patient anxiety and increases satisfaction.
Nikolay Fedoroviç Katanov’un Kütüphanesinin Türkiye’ye Getirilmesine Dair Bir İnceleme
Authors: İNALCIK Gülcan 
Published: December 2020

Nikolay Fedoroviç Katanov (1862-1922) Orta Asya ve Sibirya’daki Türk halkları üzerine farklı alanlarda çok sayıda araştırmalar yapmış bir ilim adamıdır. İdealist ve gayretli bir kişiliğe sahip olan N. F. Katanov erken yaşlardan itibaren birçok Avrupa ve Asya dilini öğrenmiş, daha Krasnoyarsk Klasik Gimnazyumu’nda öğrenci iken eserlerini kaleme almaya başlamıştır. Kişiliğinin ve ilmî hayatının şekillenmesinde N. İ. İlminskiy’in ve V. V. Radlov’un büyük etkisi olmuştur. 1894-1922 yılları arasında Kazan Üniversitesi’nde çalışmıştır. Katanov, Avrupa ve Rusya’daki birçok ilmî topluluğun aktif üyeliğini yapmış ve toplumsal faaliyetlerle de yakından ilgilenmiştir. Katanov’un Sibirya’daki Türk halkları ile ilgili ilmî çalışmaları ve inceleme metotları ilim dünyasında hala geçerliliğini korumaktadır. Katanov ilmî gezileri sırasında topladığı din, dil, edebiyat, folklor, tarih, etnografya gibi farklı alanları içeren ve farklı dillerde yazılmış kaynaklardan muazzam bir kütüphane oluşturmuştur. Fakat maddi
yetersizliklerden dolayı kütüphanesini satmak zorunda kalmıştır. Değerli devlet ve ilim adamlarının çabalarıyla bu kütüphane İstanbul’a getirilmiştir. Rusya’da ve Türkiye’de Katanov’un hayatını, ilmî çalışmalarını ve kütüphanesini konu alan çalışmalarda Katanov kütüphanesinin Türkiye’ye getirilme tarihi ve süreci ile ilgili bilgiler tam olarak aydınlatılamamıştır. Çalışmamızda Katanov’un kütüphanesinin Türkiye’ye getirilme süreci ve bu sürece dâhil olan kişiler incelenmektedir.
I.DÜNYA SAVAŞI YILLARINDA OSMANLI DEVLETİ’NDE MODERN SANATLAR
Authors: Ersay Yüksel Ayşe 
Published: December 2020

I.Dünya
Savaşı, tüm dünya tarihi gibi Osmanlı Devleti tarihini de tamamıyla değiştiren
önemli bir dönüm noktasıdır. Şimdiye kadar siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyal sonuçları
açısından incelenmiş bu savaş yıllarında Osmanlı Devleti topraklarında kültürel
ve sanatsal faaliyetler, savaş gölgesinde dahi olsa devam etmiştir. Osmanlının
ayakta kalmak için maddi ve manevi büyük bedeller ödediği bu dönemde sanat
dallarındaki etkinliklerle farklı bir mücadele yolunu tutmuştur. Osmanlı’da I.
Dünya Savaşı sonrasında önemli sanat akımları ve yeni yönelişler ortaya
çıkmıştır. Öyle ki bu dönemde resim,
heykel, müzik, opera, fotoğraf ve sinema gibi modern sanatlarda yapılan
etkinlikler ve verilen eserlerin savaş konuları ile ilgisi ve yeniliklerini
Osmanlı arşiv belgelerinden ve kaynaklardan izlemek mümkündür. Bu makalede
savaş yıllarında Osmanlı sanatındaki değişim ve dönüşüm üzerinden devletin hem
sanatla olan ilişkisini çözümlemek hem de sanat tarihi açısından savaş
döneminin belgeler ışığında analizini yapmak hedeflenmiştir.
Risk assessment the potential occurrence of anthrax outbreaks in the Republic of Tatarstan
Authors: Makaev Kh N , Ivanova S V , Melnikova L A , Murtazina G Kh , Garaev A N , Rodionov A P 
Published: December 2020

Aim. To assess the risks of potential anthrax outbreaks based on a retrospective analysis of the epizootic situation for this infection and inventory data on the number of stationary anthrax-unfavorable sites in the Russian Federation using the case of the Republic of Tatarstan.
Methods. A retrospective analysis of data on animals with anthrax in the Republic of Tatarstan and the inventory of permanently unfavorable sites for this infection in the Russian Federation was carried out by using veterinary reporting documents for the period between 1914 and 2018. The epizooticity index of anthrax-unfavorable sites was determined by the formula: EI=(nt)/(NT), and the effectiveness of specific prevention of the infection was determined according to the guidelines. Analyzes were carried out using statistical methods.
Results. The analysis of the results of the conducted studies showed that between 1914 and 2018, 2037 group and single animals infected with anthrax on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, 1208 stationary unfavorable sites for this infection were registered. When assessing the risks of the potential occurrence of anthrax among animals of the Republic of Tatarstan, it was found that 69.8% of the territory of the republic (every third settlement) is permanently unfavorable for anthrax and has serious risks of a possible re-infection of animals with this infection, therefore all livestock of animals once a year vaccinated against anthrax. A study of more than 11,000 blood serum samples of animals vaccinated against anthrax according to this scheme revealed that the titer of anti-anthrax antibodies decreases 1:2 and 1:4 below the level that protecting the animal from infection with the causative agent of this infection in 20% of animals after 6 months, and in 60% after 12 months after vaccination. This creates high risks of anthrax in animals and people in disadvantaged areas since the anthrax pathogen is transmitted from an infected animal to a person by mistaken autopsy of dead animals or the processing of carcasses of animals, hidden carriers of the anthrax pathogen. With this in mind, in regions with high risks of anthrax, it was confirmed the need for introducing two vaccinations per year into the prevention scheme of this infection in animals and monitor the post-vaccination immunological status, which will allow them to maintain high immunity throughout the year and promptly eliminate the focus of infection.
Conclusion. It was found that 69.8% of the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan (every third settlement) is permanently unfavorable for anthrax and has high risks of anthrax outbreaks in animals; it was shown the need for complex anti-anthrax measures, including two-time vaccination of animals during the year, to reduce the risks of infection of animals and the population with the causative agent of this infection.