bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the complexity of neurodevelopmental profiles of females in prison
Authors: Kirby Amanda , Williams W. Huw , Clasby Betony , Hughes Nathan , Cleaton Mary Ann Megan 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the relationship between patterns of functioning in four domains (attention and concentration; social and communication; coordination and organisation; and literacy and numeracy) in women in prison. Also, to consider potential associations between functioning and previous Neurodevelopmental Disorder (NDD) diagnoses, previous mental health diagnoses and history of head injury, self-harm and attempted suicide.Design/methodology/approachWomen in one Scottish prison were invited to participate; 87 consented. Women were screened for functional difficulties and asked about their relevant educational and medical history.FindingsHalf of participants reported difficulties in one or more domains. All possible combinations of functional difficulties were found. Only eight women reported previous NDD diagnoses. Functional difficulties were significantly associated with history of self-harm, history of attempted suicide and mental health diagnoses. In total, 32% of women reported at least one head injury, but this was not significantly associated with functional difficulties.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample was comparatively small and questions were self-report. Analyses were based on within-cohort comparisons due to a lack of appropriate general population data.Practical implicationsThere is a clear need for timely, practical and comprehensive profiling of females in the Justice System. Current systems do not appear to adequately identify women with functional difficulties or other adversity. Greater use of interdisciplinary working and shared training is indicated, as is a move from categorical diagnostic systems towards dimensional approaches.Originality/valueThis study is the first to investigate associations between difficulties associated with NDDs, mental health difficulties and head injury in women in prison.
Improving emotional well-being for hospital-based patients with dementia
Authors: Petty Stephanie , Griffiths Amanda , Coleston Donna Maria , Dening Tom 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Improving hospital care for people with dementia is a well-established priority. There is limited research evidence to guide nursing staff in delivering person-centred care, particularly under conditions where patients are emotionally distressed. Misunderstood distress has negative implications for patient well-being and hospital resources. The purpose of this study is to use the expertise of nurses to recommend ways to care for the emotional well-being of patients with dementia that are achievable within the current hospital setting.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative study was conducted in two long-stay wards providing dementia care in a UK hospital. Nursing staff (n = 12) were asked about facilitators and barriers to providing emotion-focused care. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Findings
Nursing staff said that resources existed within the ward team, including ways to gather and present personal information about patients, share multidisciplinary and personal approaches, work around routine hospital tasks and agree an ethos of being connected with patients in their experience. Staff said these did not incur financial cost and did not depend upon staffing numbers but did take an emotional toll. Examples are given within each of these broader themes.

Research limitations/implications
The outcome is a short-list of recommended staff actions that hospital staff say could improve the emotional well-being of people with dementia when in hospital. These support and develop previous research.

Originality/value
In this paper, frontline nurses describe ways to improve person-centred hospital care for people with dementia.
Adolescent oxycodone exposure inhibits withdrawal‐induced expression of genes associated with the dopamine transmission
Authors: Carpenter Marco D. , Manners Melissa T. , Heller Elizabeth A. , Blendy Julie A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrescription opioid misuse is a major public health concern among children and adolescents in the United States. Opioids are the most commonly abused drugs and are the fastest growing drug problem among adolescents. In humans and animals, adolescence is a particularly sensitive period associated with an increased response to drugs of abuse. Our previous studies indicate that oxycodone exposure during adolescence increases morphine reward in adulthood. How early drug exposure mediates long‐term changes in the brain and behavior is not known, but epigenetic regulation is a likely mechanism. To address this question, we exposed mice to oxycodone or saline during adolescence and examined epigenetic modifications at genes associated with dopamine activity during adulthood at early and late withdrawal, in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). We then compared these with alterations in the VTA of adult‐treated mice following an equivalent duration of exposure and withdrawal to determine if the effects of oxycodone are age dependent. We observed persistence of adolescent‐like gene expression following adolescent oxycodone exposure relative to age‐matched saline exposed controls, although dopamine‐related gene expression was transiently activated at 1 day of withdrawal. Following prolonged withdrawal enrichment of the repressive histone mark, H3K27me3, was maintained, consistent with inhibition of gene regulation following adolescent exposure. By contrast, mice exposed to oxycodone as adults showed loss of the repressive mark and increased gene expression following 28 days of withdrawal following oxycodone exposure. Together, our findings provide evidence that adolescent oxycodone exposure has long‐term epigenetic consequences in VTA of the developing brain.
Deglaciation dynamics of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet in the Salpausselkä zone, southern Finland
Authors: Lunkka Juha P. , Palmu Jukka‐Pekka , Seppänen Anu 
Published: December 2020

Deglaciation patterns of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet in the Salpausselkä zone, southern Finland were studied. Digital elevation models (DEM/LiDAR‐imageries) were used to map and categorize glacifluvial formations of the study area, and evidence for ice re‐advance and retreat phases and their extent across the Younger Dryas Salpausselkä zone was collected. The results suggest that the Finnish Lake District Ice Lobe, located in SE Finland, retreated a minimum of 60 km north of the proximal side of the present First Salpausselkä ridge prior to the Younger Dryas, most probably during the Allerød interstadial (c. 13 900–12 700 years ago). This retreat phase was followed by a re‐advance after which the First Salpausselkä was formed (maximum age 13 300±900 years ago) in front of the Finnish Lake District Ice Lobe’s ice margin. Subsequently, ice retreated further north and the Second Salpausselkä in front of the Finnish Lake District Ice Lobe margin was formed, according to OSL‐age determinations between 11 500 and 12 000 years ago. Previous research indicates that a similar retreat and re‐advance event to that of the Finnish Lake District Ice Lobe did not take place in the area covered by the Baltic Sea Ice Lobe to the southwest. Overall, the results suggest that the ice retreat of the Finnish Lake District Ice Lobe was of the same magnitude as the contemporary Allerød interstadial ice retreat event along the western flank of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet in Norway and minor ice‐sheet oscillations in central Sweden.
Virtual reality rehabilitation in children with brain injury: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Choi Ja Young , Yi Sook‐Hee , Ao Lijuan , Tang Xin , Xu Xuan , Shim Dain , Yoo Beomki , Park Eun Sook , Rha Dong‐wook 
Published: December 2020

AimTo investigate the efficacy of a virtual reality rehabilitation system of wearable multi‐inertial sensors to improve upper‐limb function in children with brain injury.MethodEighty children (39 males, 41 females) with brain injury including cerebral palsy aged 3 to 16 years (mean age 5y 8mo, SD 2y 10mo) were assessed as part of a multicentre, single‐blind, randomized controlled trial. The intervention group received a 30‐minute virtual reality intervention and a 30‐minute session of conventional occupational therapy while the control group received 60 minutes of conventional occupational therapy per session, with 20 sessions over 4 weeks. The virtual reality rehabilitation system consisted of games promoting wrist and forearm articular movements using wearable inertial sensors. The Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function‐2 (MA‐2), Upper Limb Physician’s Rating Scale, Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory Computer Adaptive Test, and computerized three‐dimensional motion analysis were performed.ResultsBoth groups (virtual reality, n=40; control, n=38) significantly improved after treatment compared to baseline; however, the virtual reality group showed more significant improvements in upper‐limb dexterity functions (MA‐2, virtual reality group: Δ=10.09±10.50; control: Δ=3.65±6.92), performance of activities of daily living, and forearm supination by kinematic analysis (p<0.05). In the virtual reality group, children with more severe motor impairment showed significant improvements compared to those with less severe impairment.InterpretationThe virtual reality rehabilitation system used in this study, which consists of wearable inertial sensors and offers intensive, interactive, and repetitive motor training, is effective in children with brain injury.What this paper adds

Both virtual reality rehabilitation and conventional occupational therapy were effective for upper‐limb training.

Virtual reality training was superior in improving dexterity, performance of activities of daily living, and active forearm supination motion.

The effect of virtual reality training was significant in children with more severe motor impairments.
Carbon subsidies shift a northern peatland biofilm community towards heterotrophy in low but not high nutrient conditions
Authors: Myers Jordan M. , Kuehn Kevin A. , Wyatt Kevin H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Producer–decomposer interactions within aquatic biofilms can range from mutualistic associations to competition depending on available resources. The outcomes of such interactions have implications for biogeochemical cycling and, as such, may be especially important in northern peatlands, which are a global carbon sink and are expected to experience changes in resource availability with climate change. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of nutrients and organic carbon on the relative proportion of primary producers (microalgae) and heterotrophic decomposers (bacteria and fungi) during aquatic biofilm development in a boreal peatland. Given that decomposers are often better competitors for nutrients than primary producers in aquatic ecosystems, we predicted that labile carbon subsidies would shift the biofilm composition towards heterotrophy owing to the ability of decomposers to outcompete primary producers for available nutrients in the absence of carbon limitation.

We manipulated nutrients (nitrate and phosphate) and organic carbon (glucose) in a full factorial design using nutrient‐diffusing substrates in an Alaskan fen.

Heterotrophic bacteria were limited by organic carbon and algae were limited by inorganic nutrients. However, the outcomes of competitive interactions depended on background nutrient levels. Heterotrophic bacteria were able to outcompete algae for available nutrients when organic carbon was elevated and nutrient levels remained low, but not when organic carbon and nutrients were both elevated through enrichment.

Fungal biomass was significantly lower in the presence of glucose alone, possibly owing to antagonistic interactions with heterotrophic bacteria. In contrast to bacteria, fungi were stimulated along with algae following nutrient enrichment.

The decoupling of algae and heterotrophic bacteria in the presence of glucose alone shifted the biofilm trophic status towards heterotrophy. This effect was overturned when nutrients were enriched along with glucose, owing to a subsequent increase in algal biomass in the absence of nutrient limitation.

By measuring individual components of the biofilm and obtaining data on the trophic status, we have begun to establish a link between resource availability and biofilm formation in northern peatlands. Our results show that labile carbon subsidies from outside sources have the potential to disrupt microbial coupling and shift the metabolic balance in favour of heterotrophy. The extent to which this occurs in the future will probably depend on the timing and composition of bioavailable nutrients delivered to surface waters with environmental change (e.g. permafrost thaw).
Lifestyle habits and the risk factors of dementia: Evidence from Japan
Authors: Chen Fengming , Yoshida Hiroshi 
Published: December 2020

AimIn this study, we seek to empirically understand the relationship between lifestyle habits and dementia risk.MethodsThrough an original online survey, we first confirm the significant difference in the dementia risk indicators between good and bad lifestyle habits. Then, using regression analysis to hold other factors equal, we examine the relationships between lifestyle habits and an aggregate dementia risk indicator.ResultsThrough the t‐test results, we find that the average scores of dementia risk for respondents avoiding good habits and preferring bad habits are significantly higher than those of the respondents favoring good habits and avoiding bad habits. Our empirical findings showed that Japanese‐style dietary habits significantly correlate with a decreased dementia risk. An additional 1‐point increase in eating habits will reduce dementia risk scores by 0.148 points, on average. Furthermore, we also confirm that walking (more than three times per week) and watching TV (almost every day) help prevent dementia.ConclusionsWe conclude that maintaining a good lifestyle helps prevent dementia. In particular, good eating habits, both in terms of types of food and eating routines, are essential to avoid the development of dementia. Most of these lifestyle habits belong to the targets of the “Health Japan 21” project. Therefore, our findings might provide some convincing evidence for promoting the project, which will not only extend healthy life expectancy, but also reduce the increasing number of older adults with dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 203–208.
Surface layer of Pt‐O‐Ce bonds on CeOx nanowire with high ORR activity converted by proton beam irradiation
Authors: Chauhan Shipra , Mori Toshiyuki , Kobayashi Tomohiro , Yamamoto Shunya , Ito Shigeharu , Auchterlonie Graeme , Wepf Roger , Ueda Shigenori , Ye Fei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo develop the state‐of‐the‐art polymer membrane fuel cells. Both maximization of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity on Pt cathode and minimization of Pt content in the cathode are required. For this challenge, the defect interface on oxide support was modified by proton beam irradiation method. Pt‐CeOx nanowire/C (Pt/C = 0.02) was fabricated using the proton beam irradiation method. Since the radical density generated by proton beam irradiation is two orders of magnitude greater than that of electron beam irradiation, the CeOx nanowire surface was fully converted to a thin layer of Pt‐O‐Ce bonds under proton beam irradiation. The ORR activity observed for fabricated sample with above active surface layer was higher than that of conventional Pt/C (Pt/C = 0.2) and comparable to that of Pt‐CeOx nanowire/C (Pt/C = 0.2) fabricated by conventional methods. From the combination of microanalysis characterization and surface atomistic simulation, we concluded that the Pt‐O‐Ce bond was formed on defect‐rich regions of the CeOx nanowire and this leads to a maximized ORR activity on the fabricated sample. Based on all experimental data, it is concluded that the surface modification of CeOx nanowire support using proton beam irradiation is useful for a lowering the Pt content of the cathode with high ORR activity.
HDAC2 promotes the EMT of colorectal cancer cells and via the modular scaffold function of ENSG00000274093.1
Authors: Qi Zhi‐Peng , Yalikong Ayimukedisi , Zhang Jia‐Wei , Cai Shi‐Lun , Li Bing , Di Sun , Lv Zhen‑Tao , Xu En‐Pan , Zhong Yun‐Shi , Zhou Ping‐Hong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHistone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), a member of the Histone deacetylase family, plays a vital role in various carcinomas. In this study, we identified that HDAC2 expression levels are associated with liver metastasis, higher T stages and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. HDAC2 down‐regulation via lentivirus‐mediated expression of HDAC2‐targeting shRNA reduced the in vitro migration and invasion ability of HCT116 cell as well as their liver metastasis in nude mouse xenografts. Mechanistically, HDAC2 promotes epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer cells by combining HDAC1 with EZH2 (a key histone methyltransferase), possibly through the modular scaffold function of a new lncRNA, ENSG00000274093.1. HDAC2 thus appears to promote CRC cell migration and invasion through binding HDAC1 and EZH2 via ENSG00000274093.1.
Do sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors lead to fracture risk? A pharmacovigilance real‐world study
Authors: Zhao Bin , Shen Juan , Zhao Jun , Pan Hui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionGiven the mechanism of action of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), these drugs can also reduce bone density and increase fracture risk. We aimed to identify and characterize fracture‐related adverse events that are associated with SGLT2is.Materials and MethodsIn this observational, retrospective, pharmacovigilance, real‐world study, we used disproportionality and Bayesian analyses to compare fracture‐related adverse event reporting in patients who received SGLT2is from the first quarter in 2004 to the fourth quarter in 2019 in the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System. We also compared the effect on combined therapy with SGLT2is and other glucose‐lowering medications (GLMs), and compared their onset times and outcomes.ResultsA total of 317 SGLT2is‐associated fractures were identified. Affected patients tended to be aged >45 years (68.76%) and were more often male than female (58.04% vs 34.07%). SGLT2is‐associated fracture is most commonly reported with canagliflozin (51.10%), dapagliflozin (24.60%) and empagliflozin (23.66%). SGLT2is or SGLT2is combined with GLMs do not show an association with fracture risk under disproportionality and Bayesian analyses. SGLT2i‐associated fractures result in hospitalization in 66.64% of patients and death in 9.38% of patients. GLMs show an increased hospitalization rate compared with SGLT2is (69.72% vs 55.14%, P < 0.0001) and GLMs plus SGLT2is (69.72% vs 61.20%, P = 0.0197).ConclusionsBased on the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database, no association is noted between fracture risk and SGLT2is, or SGLT2is combined with GLMs. Long‐term follow up and high‐quality studies need to further verify and explore the relationship between SGLT2is and fractures.
Digital Immediate Complete Denture for a Patient with Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Clinical Report
Authors: Mendonça Gustavo , Edwards Sean P. , Mayers Colin A. , Meneghetti Priscila Ceolin , Liu Fei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFabricating an immediate complete denture can be very challenging in some clinical situations. This clinical report describes a digital workflow to fabricate a printed maxillary immediate complete denture for a patient with a severely compromised maxilla. Digital data obtained by using an intraoral scanner was utilized to reconstruct the three‐dimensional (3D) image of the jaws at the desirable vertical dimension of occlusion. After performing the virtual teeth extraction and alveoloplasty, the denture base and teeth were designed. The resulting data were exported to a 3D printer for denture fabrication and the 3D printed (additively manufactured) denture was successfully inserted immediately after the surgery. After initial healing and confirmation of good retention and function, a new printed denture was fabricated by digitally duplicating the relined denture maintaining the same teeth positions but adjusting the base to a new intraoral scan of the healed ridge.
What about the supervisor? Clinical supervisors’ role in student nurses’ peer learning: A phenomenographic study
Authors: Dyar Anna , Stenfors Terese , Lachmann Hanna , Kiessling Anna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionPeer learning is increasingly used for healthcare students in the clinical setting. However, as peer learning between students involves students taking a teaching role, it is unclear what the supervisor's role then becomes. It is vital to determine the role of the supervisor in student peer learning to ensure high quality learning and patient safety.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were performed with 15 student nurse supervisors (nurses and assistant nurses) from two hospital wards that practice peer learning to investigate the different ways clinical supervisors view their role in students' peer learning. Transcribed data were coded and analysed using a phenomenographic approach.ResultsFour hierarchical levels of the supervisor's understanding of their role in students’ peer learning were identified: the teacher; the facilitator; the stimulator; and the team player. These categories represent an increasingly inclusive view of which people present on the ward play a role in enabling effective peer learning.ConclusionsThe various understandings of supervisor roles have implications for how supervision of peer learning could be implemented in the future.
A phase‐field lattice Boltzmann method for the solution of water‐entry and water‐exit problems
Authors: De Rosis Alessandro , Tafuni Angelantonio 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, an original phase‐field lattice Boltzmann scheme for a system composed of two immiscible and incompressible fluids interacting with moving solids is developed, presented, and tested for the first time. The proposed approach is benchmarked against experimental data and smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of four well‐established two‐dimensional problems where a rigid body interacts with the interface between the two fluids. The outlined methodology represents a very good candidate to perform fluid‐structure interaction simulations of hydrodynamic stability problems as well as water‐entry and water‐exit problems.
Patient‐reported outcome measures ( PROMs): making sense of individual PROM scores and changes in PROM scores over time
Authors: van der Willik Esmee M. , Terwee Caroline B. , Bos Willem Jan W. , Hemmelder Marc H. , Jager Kitty J. , Zoccali Carmine , Dekker Friedo W. , Meuleman Yvette 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPatient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly being used in nephrology care. However, in contrast to well‐known clinical measures such as blood pressure, health‐care professionals are less familiar with PROMs and the interpretation of PROM scores is therefore perceived as challenging. In this paper, we provide insight into the interpretation of PROM scores by introducing the different types and characteristics of PROMs, and the most relevant concepts for the interpretation of PROM scores. Concepts such as minimal detectable change, minimal important change and response shift are explained and illustrated with examples from nephrology care.