bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a Bayesian Multistate Occupancy Model to Assess Seabird and Shorebird Status in Glacier Bay, Alaska
Authors: Whitlock Steven L. , Lewis Tania M. , Peterson James T. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThe U.S. Department of Interior National Park Service is charged with both monitoring avian communities and evaluating the influence of visitors to National Parks on sensitive species; however, this task is challenging considering that sampling programs often involve multiple species, each with differing behavior, habitat requirements, and detectability. Our objectives were to build a model to describe the status of waterbirds in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska, USA, and assess effects of area closures on these species. We used a Bayesian multistate occupancy model to describe the status of multiple species and make the best possible use of existing survey data. We modeled up to 5 states per species and evaluated predictors of occupancy, nesting, and abundance, as well as survey‐related predictors of state‐dependent detection probability. We found that occupancy probability varied across species and habitats (islands vs. glacial outwashes). For most species, occupancy probability was substantially greater at sites occupied in the year previous (site persistence). We found weak evidence that area closures affected the occurrence of species in the study, but this was largely because most sites were closed for the entirety of the study period. The probability of detecting occurrence, nesting, and abundance varied across species and survey methods (ground vs. vessel). Detection parameters provided valuable information for enhancing the efficiency of future surveys, by identifying preferred survey methods and sampling periods for specific waterbird species. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Schweres nichtkardiales Lungenödem durch Permeabilitätsstörung nach i.v.-CT-Kontrastmittel-Gabe mit konsekutiver venovenöser extrakorporaler Membranoxygenierung
Authors: Poros B. , Katchanov J. , Curta A. , Weig T. 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungHypersensitivitätsreaktionen gehören zu den am meisten gefürchteten Nebenwirkungen von CT-Kontrastmitteln. Bronchospasmus und Lungenödem sind bekannte Erscheinungsformen, wobei Letzteres deutlich seltener auftritt. Bei Anaphylaxie können zahlreiche Mechanismen zum kardialen Versagen mit konsekutivem Lungenödem führen. Im Gegensatz dazu ist beim nichtkardialen Lungenödem (NCPE) die kardiale Funktion nicht beeinträchtigt. Das nichtkardiale Lungenödem ist ein seltenes Phänomen, allerdings mit möglicherweise tödlichem Outcome. Es wird über den Fall eines NCPE bei einem 48-jährigen Mann berichtet, der eine elektive Koronar-CT erhalten hat. Nach Gabe von jodiertem CT-Kontrastmittel entwickelte der Patient ein fulminantes Lungenödem, welches trotz rascher Intervention zu einer schweren Hypoxämie mit kurzem Kreislaufstillstand führte. Eine frühe echokardiographische Untersuchung nach Rückkehr des spontanen Kreislaufs zeigte eine intakte Herzfunktion. Neben dem globalen Atemversagen bot der Patient eine ausgeprägte Acidose mit erhöhten Lactat- und Hämoglobinspiegeln. Nach Intubation kam es zu einer weiteren Verschlechterung des pulmonalen Gasaustausches, wobei die kardiale Pumpfunktion stets ausreichend war. Sechs Stunden nach dem ersten Ereignis wurde eine venovenöse extrakorporale Membranoxygenierungstherapie (ECMO) initiiert. Mithilfe der ECMO-Unterstützung konnten wir die Invasivität der mechanischen Beatmung reduzieren und die Volumensubstitution intensivieren. Im weiteren Verlauf verbesserten sich die Mikrozirkulationsstörung und die Lungenfunktion, und die ECMO-Unterstützung konnte nach 70 Stunden beendet werden. Der Patient konnte am 9. Tag extubiert und nach weiteren 4 Tagen ohne neurologische Residuen auf die Normalstation verlegt werden.
Noise characterization of automotive auxiliary fan drives
Authors: Hofmann Stefan , Leitner Stefan , Mosshammer Markus , Muetze Annette 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe demand for low-noise auxiliary drives has been increasing in the automotive industry, as the entire noise level within the vehicle interior has been continuously decreasing over the recent years. In contrast to “larger” drives, the fractional horsepower (FHP) auxiliary drives used here are not subject to any standards. They are customized solutions and hardly anything is reported on their noise and vibration characteristics. Furthermore, their design is very much cost-driven, and noise performance is mostly treated in a retrofit approach within the final system. This article determines the noise and vibration characteristics of FHP auxiliary fan drive systems as typical for use within LED headlights for thermal management. It provides tools for further systematic analysis and eventual mitigation of potentially disturbing noise of such drives already at the development stage.
Wirtschaftliche und ökologische Aspekte der Elektromobilität
Authors: Ajanovic Amela , Glatt Anne 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Individualverkehr ist derzeit der problematischste Sektor in Bezug auf die Treibhausgasemissionen. Elektroautos gelten als alternative Antriebe, die zur Dekarbonisierung im Verkehr beitragen können. Das Ziel dieses Beitrags ist, die Marktchancen verschiedener Arten von Elektrofahrzeugen zu analysieren. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es vor allem wichtig, die Wirtschaftlichkeit und Umweltfreundlichkeit von Elektrofahrzeugen im Vergleich zu konventionellen Fahrzeugen zu untersuchen. Schließlich wurden auch die derzeitigen Politiken und unterstützenden Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung der Marktanteile von Elektrofahrzeugen in verschiedenen Ländern diskutiert.
Public priorities for osteoporosis and fracture research: results from a focus group study
Authors: Hawarden Ashley , Jinks Clare , Mahmood Waheed , Bullock Laurna , Blackburn Steven , Gwilym Stephen , Paskins Zoe 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Summary
Four focus groups were conducted with members of the public to identify important areas for future osteoporosis research. Participants identified priorities to increase public awareness of osteoporosis, reduce delays in diagnosis, improve communication between healthcare providers and to improve follow-up and information provision about causes of osteoporosis, medication harms and prognosis.

Purpose
Patients and the public must be involved in setting research agendas to ensure relevant and impactful questions are prioritised. This study aimed to understand what people living with osteoporosis and fragility fractures felt was important to research, to inform the content of a national survey on research priorities in this area.

Methods
Focus groups were conducted with members of the public with experience of osteoporosis or fragility fractures. The topic guide was co-developed with a patient and public involvement research user group, and explored participants’ experiences of osteoporosis including diagnosis, management and effect upon their lives, what aspects of their ongoing care was most important to them and what about their care or condition could be improved. Focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically.

Results
A total of twenty-three participants were recruited to four focus groups. Analysis identified two main themes: challenges in living with osteoporosis and healthcare services for osteoporosis. Information needs was a further cross-cutting theme. Participants called for increased public awareness of osteoporosis and wanted healthcare services to address conflicting messages about diet, exercise and medication. Participants described long delays in diagnosis, poor communication between primary and secondary care and the need for structured follow-up as important areas for future research to address.

Conclusion
The findings from this study provide an understanding of research priorities from the perspective of patients and the public, have informed the content of a national survey and have implications for patient education, health services research and policy.
The Role of Immunomodulation in Vein Graft Remodeling and Failure
Authors: Baganha Fabiana , de Jong Alwin , Jukema J. Wouter , Quax Paul H. A. , de Vries Margreet R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObstructive arterial disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Venous bypass graft surgery is one of the most frequently used revascularization strategies despite its considerable short and long time failure rate. Due to vessel wall remodeling, inflammation, intimal hyperplasia, and accelerated atherosclerosis, vein grafts may (ultimately) fail to revascularize tissues downstream to occlusive atherosclerotic lesions. In the past decades, little has changed in the prevention of vein graft failure (VGF) although new insights in the role of innate and adaptive immunity in VGF have emerged. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of VGF, emphasizing the role of immune response and associated factors related to VG remodeling and failure. Moreover, we discuss potential therapeutic options that can improve patency based on data from both preclinical studies and the latest clinical trials. This review contributes to the insights in the role of immunomodulation in vein graft failure in humans. We describe the effects of immune cells and related factors in early (thrombosis), intermediate (inward remodeling and intimal hyperplasia), and late (intimal hyperplasia and accelerated atherosclerosis) failure based on both preclinical (mouse) models and clinical data.
Scientific perspectivism in the phenomenological tradition
Authors: Berghofer Philipp 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn current debates, many philosophers of science have sympathies for the project of introducing a new approach to the scientific realism debate that forges a middle way between traditional forms of scientific realism and anti-realism. One promising approach is perspectivism. Although different proponents of perspectivism differ in their respective characterizations of perspectivism, the common idea is that scientific knowledge is necessarily partial and incomplete. Perspectivism is a new position in current debates but it does have its forerunners. Figures that are typically mentioned in this context include Dewey, Feyerabend, Leibniz, Kant, Kuhn, and Putnam. Interestingly, to my knowledge, there exists no work that discusses similarities to the phenomenological tradition. This is surprising because here one can find systematically similar ideas and even a very similar terminology. It is startling because early modern physics was noticeably influenced by phenomenological ideas. And it is unfortunate because the analysis of perspectival approaches in the phenomenological tradition can help us to achieve a more nuanced understanding of different forms of perspectivism. The main objective of this paper is to show that in the phenomenological tradition one finds a well-elaborated philosophy of science that shares important similarities with current versions of perspectivism. Engaging with the phenomenological tradition is also of systematic value since it helps us to gain a better understanding of the distinctive claims of perspectivism and to distinguish various grades of perspectivism.
MXene-Derived Defect-Rich TiO2@rGO as High-Rate Anodes for Full Na Ion Batteries and Capacitors
Authors: Fang Yongzheng , Zhang Yingying , Miao Chenxu , Zhu Kai , Chen Yong , Du Fei , Yin Jinling , Ye Ke , Cheng Kui , Yan Jun , Wang Guiling , Cao Dianxue 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSodium ion batteries and capacitors have demonstrated their potential applications for next-generation low-cost energy storage devices. These devices's rate ability is determined by the fast sodium ion storage behavior in electrode materials. Herein, a defective TiO2@reduced graphene oxide (M-TiO2@rGO) self-supporting foam electrode is constructed via a facile MXene decomposition and graphene oxide self-assembling process. The employment of the MXene parent phase exhibits distinctive advantages, enabling defect engineering, nanoengineering, and fluorine-doped metal oxides. As a result, the M-TiO2@rGO electrode shows a pseudocapacitance-dominated hybrid sodium storage mechanism. The pseudocapacitance-dominated process leads to high capacity, remarkable rate ability, and superior cycling performance. Significantly, an M-TiO2@rGO//Na3V2(PO4)3 sodium full cell and an M-TiO2@rGO//HPAC sodium ion capacitor are fabricated to demonstrate the promising application of M-TiO2@rGO. The sodium ion battery presents a capacity of 177.1 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1 and capacity retention of 74% after 200 cycles. The sodium ion capacitor delivers a maximum energy density of 101.2 Wh kg−1 and a maximum power density of 10,103.7 W kg−1. At 1.0 A g−1, it displays an energy retention of 84.7% after 10,000 cycles.
La voyelle initiale des noms et l’état d'annexion en kabyle (berbère)
Authors: Ben Si Saïd Samir 
Published: June 2020

RésuméDans cet article, je propose une analyse de la voyelle initiale des noms en kabyle. Je proposerai dans cette contribution une représentation dans le cadre CVCV (Lowenstamm 1996, Scheer 2004) qui montre que la phonologie peut rendre compte de l'alternance de l'initiale des noms sans recourir à la computation syntaxique. Je propose que la voyelle initiale instable qui caractérise l’état libre (EL) s'associe à son propre CV, et que lew-à l’état d'annexion (EA) est associé à un CV- initial. Je montrerai également pourquoi, devant #_CV à l’état d'annexion, si le mot est précédé d'un autre mot à finale consonantique, les glides w/j sont réalisés comme des voyelles pleines u/i. Cet article propose une analyse qui prend en compte cette alternance, contrôlée à la fois par le contexte droit (__CV vs __CC) et le contexte gauche (mot précédent à finale vocalique vs consonantique).
Epidemiological and genetic characterization ofClostridium butyricumcultured from neonatal cases of necrotizing enterocolitis in China
Authors: Dong Yinping , Li Ying , Zhang Di , Nguyen Scott , Maheshwari Nikunj , Hu Yujie , Cao Yu , Li Fengqin , Fanning Séamus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjective:Laboratory-based characterization and traceback ofClostridium butyricumisolates linked to outbreak cases of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in a hospital in China.Methods:In total, 37 samples were collected during the NEC outbreak. Classical bacteriological methods were applied to isolate and identifyClostridiumspp. Meanwhile, 24 samples collected after an outbreak were similarly tested. AllClostridiumisolates were identified to species level as eitherC. butyricumorC. sporogenes. These isolates were subsequently subtyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Genomic DNA was purified from 2 representativeC. butyricumisolates and sequenced to completion.Results:Of 37 samples collected during the NEC outbreak, 17 (45.95%) were positive forClostridiumspp. One species,C. butyricum, was cultured from 10 samples. Another species cultured from 2 other samples was identified asC. sporogenes. Both of these species were cocultured from 5 samples. Pulsotyping showed that the 15C. butyricumand the 7C. sporogenesisolates produced indistinguishable DNA profiles. No NEC cases were reported after disinfection following the outbreak, and all samples collected after the outbreak were negative forClostridiumspp. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) indicated that sialidase, hemolysin, and enterotoxin virulence factors were located on the chromosomes of 2C. butyricumisolates.Conclusions:The outbreak of NEC was epidemiologically linked toC. butyricumcontamination within the hospital. This is the first report of an NEC outbreak associated withC. butyricuminfection in China.
Big Data for the Study of Qing Officialdom: The China Government Employee Database-Qing (CGED-Q)
Authors: Chen Bijia , Campbell Cameron , Ren Yuxue , Lee James 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe introduce the China Government Employee Database—Qing (CGED-Q), a new resource for the quantitative study of Qing officialdom. The CGED-Q details the backgrounds, characteristics and careers of Qing officials who served between 1760 and 1912, with nearly complete coverage of officials serving after 1830. We draw information on careers from the Roster of Government Personnel (jinshenlu), which in each quarterly edition listed approximately 12,500 regular civil offices and their holders in the central government and the provinces. Information about backgrounds and characteristics comes from such linked sources as lists of exam degree holders. In some years, information on military officials is also available. As of February 2020, the CGED-Q comprises 3,817,219 records, of which 3,354,897 are civil offices and the remainder are military. In this article we review the progress and prospects of the project, introduce the sources, transcription procedures, and constructed variables, and provide examples of results to showcase its potential.
Long-term studies on the evolution of resistance of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to insecticides in Greece
Authors: Margaritopoulos John T. , Kati A.N. , Voudouris C.Ch. , Skouras P.J. , Tsitsipis J.A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aphid Myzus persicae s.l. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is an important pest of many crops worldwide with a complex life cycle, intensely controlled by chemical pesticides, and has developed resistance to almost all used insecticides. In Greece, the aphid exhibits high genetic variation and adaptability and it is a classic example of evolution in the making. We have been studying M. persicae for over 20 years, on different host plants and varying geographical areas, analyzing its bio-ecology and the ability to develop resistance to insecticides. In this review, we present new and historical data on the effectiveness of insecticides from seven chemical groups used to control the aphid in Greece and the incidence of seven resistance mechanisms, including the new fast-spreading R81T point mutation of the postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Thousands of samples were tested by biological, biochemical and molecular assays. The aphid populations were found to have developed and maintain resistance at medium to high levels to organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids and neonicotinoids for decades. In the latter group, a marked increase is recorded during an ~10-year period. The data analyzed and the extensive bibliography, advocate the difficulty to control the aphid making the design and application of IPM/IRM programs a challenge. We discuss principles and recommendations for the management of resistance, including the use of compounds such as flonicamid, spirotetramat, flupyradifurone and sulfoxaflor. We emphasize that resistance is a dynamic phenomenon, changing in time and space, requiring, therefore, continuous monitoring.
Power, Control, and the Logic of Substitution in Institutional Design: The Case of International Climate Finance
Authors: Graham Erin R. , Serdaru Alexandria 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHow do powerful states control international organizations (IOs)? In contrast to the conventional wisdom that treats weighted voting rules as the primary means that powerful states use to codify their asymmetric control in institutional design, we propose that funding rules are equally important. Our framework develops a logic of substitution whereby permissive earmark rules—that allow donors to stipulate how their contributions to an IO are used—are a design substitute for weighted voting from wealthy states’ perspective. Whether asymmetric control is incorporated in design through voting or funding rules depends on whether egalitarian norms emphasizing political and legal equality, or shareholder norms emphasizing influence commensurate with financial power, govern voting and representation rights at the IO. Focusing on the domain of climate finance, we demonstrate that weighted voting rules are used at international climate finance institutions (ICFIs) associated with multilateral development banks, but that wealthy states pursued permissive earmark rules at ICFIs within the United Nations system where egalitarian norms are strong. In this way, powerful donors can exert control over resource allocation even when developing states appear to hold equal influence on governing bodies. In addition to providing a reassessment of how power translates into control at IOs, our framework offers insight into forum-shopping behavior and sheds light on substitution dynamics that involve other dimensions of design across a range of issue areas.
Overconfident Institutions and Their Self-Attribution Bias: Evidence from Earnings Announcements
Authors: Chou Hsin-I , Li Mingyi , Yin Xiangkang , Zhao Jing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInstitutional demand for a stock before its earnings announcement is negatively related to subsequent returns. The relation is not attributable to the price pressure of institutional demand and is stronger for stocks with higher information asymmetry and/or greater valuation difficulty. These findings support the notion that overconfident institutions misprice stocks. Following announcements, institutions’ behavior exhibits the outcome-dependent feature of self-attribution bias. Whether they become more overconfident and delay their mispricing correction depends on whether earnings news confirms their preannouncement trades. This behavioral bias also offers a new explanation for the well-known post-earnings-announcement drift.
The primacy of liturgy in Christianity
Authors: BENSON BRUCE ELLIS 
Published: June 2020

AbstractI argue that liturgy is primary to the Christian faith. By ‘liturgy’, however, I do not mean merely what happens on Sunday morning. Instead, I distinguish between ‘intensive’ and ‘extensive’ liturgies, those that occur when the body of Christ meets together and when that body disperses.Allof this together constitutes Christian liturgy. My thesis isnotthat practice is more primary than theory, for that presupposes the possibility of drawing a sharp line between them – an impossible task. Rather, liturgy is a variety of embodied cognition through which we know God and our neighbours. Theology is something that arisesfromour liturgies and is itself liturgical in nature. We may believe the Nicene Creed, but saying it aloud isperformativein nature. I end by examining the relation ofphronēsisandtheōriain Aristotle and then consider the way Heidegger uses this distinction to argue that ‘know-how’ (Verstehen) is the most basic kind of human knowledge.