bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of a ventilated‐façade system under fire conditions: An experimental investigation
Authors: Asimakopoulou Eleni K. , Kolaitis Dionysios I. , Founti Maria A. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryDuring a fire event, ventilated facade systems may contribute to external fire spreading to the upper floors of a building via the facade, thus representing a significant risk. In this frame, the performance of a typical ventilated façade system under fire conditions is experimentally investigated, using a full‐scale compartment‐facade test rig. Two alternative façade configurations are examined and comparatively assessed, namely a plain façade (PF) and a ventilated façade (VF) system. Emphasis is given on the estimation of the thermal characteristics of the developed Externally Venting Flames (EVF) and the thermal boundary conditions developing on the façade's exposed surface. An extensive set of sensors was installed at the interior of the fire compartment, the façade systems and the exterior of the test configurations. Analysis of the experimental data suggests that even though gaseous combustion products managed to penetrate the air cavity of the VF system, no consistent flaming conditions were established. On the unexposed face of both PF and VF systems, temperatures remained constantly below 180°C throughout the duration of both fire tests. The Eurocode correlations are assessed against the obtained experimental data; certain parameters, such as EVF length, width and centreline temperature, are found to be under‐estimated by the Eurocode methodology.
Micro-Fishing as an Emerging Form of Recreational Angling: Research Gaps and Policy Considerations
Authors: Cooke Steven J , Lennox Robert J , Cantrell Ben , Danylchuk Andy J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Micro-fishing is an emerging form of recreational angling that targets small-bodied fish in inland and marine waters. Although most fish are presumably released, some are retained as specimens for home aquaria or dissection to confirm identification. To date, very little is known about the effects of Micro-fishing on individuals (e.g., stress, injury, mortality), populations, or communities owing to a historical focus on large-bodied species in recreational fisheries. We identify a list of research gaps that should be addressed to better elucidate motivations and identify any potential negative effects of Micro-fishing and how they could be mitigated. We also consider the implications of Micro-fishing for policy and management, recognizing the many uncertainties given lack of empirical research.
Has Steller Sea Lion Predation Impacted Survival of Fraser River Sockeye Salmon?
Authors: Walters Carl J , McAllister Murdoch K , Christensen Villy 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The commercially, recreationally, and culturally important Fraser River Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka has experienced a productivity decline over the past 3 decades, which—along with greater temporal variation in annual abundance (i.e., cyclic dominance)—may at least partly be due to Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus (SSL) predation on returning adult salmon. This assumes that SSLs residing around northern Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) target Sockeye Salmon for just a few weeks during the peak of their run. It is a reasonable enough assumption to warrant immediate priority for field research on SSL behavior and diets during the migration period. We evaluated the plausibility of the assumption with a variety of approaches ranging from simple estimates of maximum SSL consumption to partitioning of observed marine mortality rates and analysis of SSL foraging behavior to show that SSLs could have caused the decline in productivity and abundance of Fraser River Sockeye Salmon.
Bioenergetic Habitat Suitability Curves for Instream Flow Modeling: Introducing User-Friendly Software and its Potential Applications
Authors: Naman Sean M , Rosenfeld Jordan S , Neuswanger Jason R , Enders Eva C , Hayes John W , Goodwin Eric O , Jowett Ian.G , Eaton Brett C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Habitat suitability curves (HSCs) are the biological component of habitat simulation tools used to evaluate instream flow management trade-offs (e.g., the physical habitat simulation model). However, traditional HSCs based on empirical observations of habitat use relative to availability have been criticized for generating biased estimates of flow requirements and for being poorly transferable across locations. For fish like salmonids that feed on drifting invertebrates, bioenergetics-based foraging models that relate habitat conditions to net energy gain offer an alternative approach that addresses some of these shortcomings. To make this technique more accessible for practitioners, we present free and user-friendly software for generating bioenergetics-based HSCs. The software also allows sensitivity analyses of HSCs to factors like fish size or prey abundance as well as direct integration of hydraulic data. While some caveats remain, bioenergetic HSCs should offer a more rigorous and credible means for quantifying habitat suitability for instream flow modeling.
Subcutaneous administration of casein attenuates atherosclerotic progression in male apoE‐/‐ mice fed with high‐fat diet
Authors: Hou Lingbo , Wang Yuting , Zhang Mingjing , Yu Yijun , Gu Ye 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe impact of casein on atherosclerotic lesion progression remains controversial. In this study, we tested the effect of casein on atherosclerotic development and its potential mechanisms in male apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE‐/‐) mice fed with high‐fat diet (HFD). Male apoE‐/‐ mice fed with HFD were randomized into HFD group (subcutaneous injection with 0.5 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride daily, n = 6) and HFD + Casein group (subcutaneous injection with 0.5 ml of 10% casein daily, n = 6). Body weight was recorded at baseline and once a week thereafter. After 12 weeks of treatment, plasma lipid and inflammatory markers, and histological characterization of atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic arch and aortic sinus were analyzed. There was no significant difference in weight gain between the two groups after 12 weeks of treatment. Plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) were significantly lower, while high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) level tended to be higher in the HFD + Casein group compared with the HFD group. The positive percentages of atherosclerotic lesions in aortic arch and aortic sinus as well as collagen deposition in aortic sinus plaques were significantly lower in the HFD + Casein group compared with the HFD group. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) were also significantly lower in the HFD + Casein group compared with the HFD group. In conclusion, subcutaneous administration of casein attenuates atherosclerotic lesion progression, possibly through decreasing fibrosis and inflammatory responses in male apoE‐/‐ mice fed with HFD.
Soft tissue tumors characterized by a wide spectrum of kinase fusions share a lipofibromatosis‐like neural tumor pattern
Authors: Kao Yu‐Chien , Suurmeijer Albert J. H. , Argani Pedram , Dickson Brendan C. , Zhang Lei , Sung Yun‐Shao , Agaram Narasimhan P , Fletcher Christopher D. M. , Antonescu Cristina R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGene fusions resulting in oncogenic activation of various receptor tyrosine kinases, including NTRK1‐3, ALK, and RET, have been increasingly recognized in soft tissue tumors (STTs), displaying a wide morphologic spectrum and therefore diagnostically challenging. A subset of STT with NTRK1 rearrangements were recently defined as lipofibromatosis‐like neural tumors (LPFNTs), being characterized by mildly atypical spindle cells with a highly infiltrative growth in the subcutis and expression of S100 and CD34 immunostains. Other emerging morphologic phenotypes associated with kinase fusions include infantile/adult fibrosarcoma and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor‐like patterns. In this study, a large cohort of 73 STT positive for various kinase fusions, including 44 previously published cases, was investigated for the presence of an LPFNT phenotype, to better define the incidence of this distinctive morphologic pattern and its relationship with various gene fusions. Surprisingly, half (36/73) of STT with kinase fusions showed at least a focal LPFNT component defined as >10%. Most of the tumors occurred in the subcutaneous tissues of the extremities (n = 25) and trunk (n = 9) of children or young adults (<30 years old) of both genders. Two‐thirds (24/36) of these cases showed hybrid morphologies with alternating LPFNT and solid areas of monomorphic spindle to ovoid tumor cells with fascicular or haphazard arrangement, while one‐third (12/36) had pure LPFNT morphology. Other common histologic findings included lymphocytic infiltrates, staghorn‐like vessels, and perivascular or stromal hyalinization, especially in hybrid cases. Mitotic activity was generally low (<4/10 high power fields in 81% cases), being increased only in a minority of cases. Immunoreactivity for CD34 (92% in hybrid cases, 89% in pure cases) and S100 (89% in hybrid cases, 64% in pure cases) were commonly present. The gene rearrangements most commonly involved NTRK1 (75%), followed by RET (8%) and less commonly NTRK2, NTRK3, ROS1, ALK, and MET.
Risk factors for high‐dose methotrexate associated acute kidney injury in patients with hematological malignancies
Authors: Amitai Irina , Rozovski Uri , El‐Saleh Reem , Shimony Shai , Shepshelovich Daniel , Rozen‐Zvi Benaya , Raanani Pia , Gafter‐Gvili Anat , Gurion Ronit 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHigh dose methotrexate (HDMTX)‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a well‐known adverse event in hemato‐oncology patients. Our purpose was to define factors and setup cut‐offs that may help better identify patients at‐risk for developing AKI following HDMTX. All consecutive patients who received MTX dose ≥1 g were retrospectively reviewed. We compared patients with or without renal toxicity. We used a logistic regression model to define baseline variables associated with AKI. Overall survival (OS) was estimated by the Kaplan‐Meier method employing log‐rank test. Between 2012 and 2017, 160 patients were included with a total of 265 courses. Indications included: primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, CNS prophylaxis in other lymphoma types, acute lymphatic leukemia and others. Median age at diagnosis was 58 years (range, 18‐84), 54% were males, median MTX dose was 1941 mg/m2 (range, 743‐5442) and AKI developed in 9% of drug administrations (n = 24). In univariate analysis: age > 40, LDH > 380 units/L, eGFR < 112 mL/min, albumin <3.6 mg/dL at baseline and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) were associated with AKI. In multivariable analysis, only LDH > 380 units/L (OR = 4.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04‐20.9, P = .04) and albumin levels <3.6 g/dL (OR = 4.17, 95% CI 1.04‐6.5, P = .04) remained significant. In patients with AKI, median drug elimination was longer (8 days vs 5 days). In 80% of cases, the creatinine levels returned to normal within 1 month. Yet, the median survival of patients who developed AKI was 37 months, compared to 145 months in patients without AKI (Log rank = 0.015). In conclusion, LDH > 380 units/L and albumin <3.6 g/dL were the strongest factors associated with AKI in patients receiving HDMTX. Although the rise in creatinine levels was almost uniformly reversible, AKI was associated with increased mortality rates.
A critical food system program in South Australia and the effects on consumer knowledge and attitudes
Authors: Mehta Kaye , Rohrlach Hannah , Woodman Richard , Coveney John , Ward Paul , Booth Sue 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIssue addressedThis study investigated the effects of food system literacy on knowledge and attitudes of food consumers.MethodsA 2‐week online course critically discussed the food system through three lenses of environmental sustainability, equity and health. Participants were randomly allocated into one Control and two Intervention groups (A & B). Data collection was by online questionnaire pre‐ and postintervention, addressing self‐perceived food system knowledge, attitudes towards food purchasing behaviours, demographic characteristics and course evaluation. Differences in knowledge and attitude scores between Control and Intervention groups were assessed. Subjects were staff and students of Flinders University in South Australia.ResultsForty‐seven participants completed the course. The completion rate was 71.2%. Knowledge about the food system improved significantly for both Intervention groups when compared to the Control group (P ≤ 0.001). Although attitudes towards food purchasing behaviours also improved significantly for both Intervention groups (P < 0.001 and P = 0.005 for Interventions A and B respectively), the improvements were not significant when compared to the Control group (P = 0.065 and P = 0.43 for Interventions A and B respectively). The online methodology received positive feedback from participants.ConclusionThis 2‐week online food system course showed that the pedagogy was appropriate and successful in improving self‐perceived knowledge and attitudes towards food consumption.So what?It provides encouraging indications of the potential of food system literacy to empower citizens to make healthier as well as, more environmentally and socially sustainable food choices.
Supporting visitor compliance with a smoke‐free policy at hospital using a nicotine replacement therapy vending machine
Authors: Giles Luke , Bauer Lyndon A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIssue addressedTo support visitors to comply with Central Coast Local Health District's (CCLHD) smoke‐free hospital grounds policy, a need was identified for round‐the‐clock availability of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Providing NRT through a vending machine was identified as a possible solution. This initiative complemented other strategies that provide staff and patients who smoke with NRT.MethodsNRT was originally provided through a snack vending machine; however, there were commercial and regulatory concerns with this method.In 2015, dedicated NRT vending machines were installed at Gosford and Wyong Hospitals, and were operated by the Health Promotion Service. The appropriate regulatory permission was gained to supply a specific brand of NRT. Sales and incident data were recorded, and ongoing smoking counts were performed both before and after installation.ResultsIn all, 247 sales of NRT gum were made through the vending machines from early 2017 to late 2019. Smoking counts show that there are very low rates of visitor smoking (<1%) in the approximately 4.5 years pre‐ and post‐installation of dedicated vending machines. There was no statistically significant change in the smoking rate of visitors since the vending machine was installed at Wyong Hospital.ConclusionsWhile NRT is generally provided to patients and staff within health settings to support compliance with smoke‐free policies, alternatives to smoking for visitors are typically overlooked. A NRT vending machine achieves this. However, because there are few purchases made, the vending machines as currently operating are unlikely to make any significant impact on smoke‐free policy compliance at these hospitals.So what?While vending machines have limited effectiveness on overall smoke‐free policy compliance, this strategy may have applicability to all sectors with smoke‐free policies, especially those operating 24 hours a day, as a means of providing an alternative to smoking for visitors.
β‐Lactam allergy testing and delabeling—Experiences and lessons from Singapore
Authors: Heng Yee Kiat , Liew Yasmin Chia Chia , Kong Yan Ling , Lim Yen Loo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundβ‐Lactam allergy is over‐reported and this leads to greater healthcare costs. Allergy testing has inherent risks, yet patients who test negative may continue avoiding β‐lactams.ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and diagnostic value of β‐lactams allergy testing locally and usage of antibiotics following negative testing.MethodsWe performed a retrospective medical record review and follow‐up survey of patients who underwent β‐lactam testing between 2010 and 2016 at the National Skin Centre, Singapore.ResultsWe reviewed the records of 166 patients, with a total of 173 β‐lactam allergy labels. Eighty (46.2%) labels were to penicillin, 75 (43.1%) to amoxicillin/amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid, 11 (6.4%) to cephalexin, and 5 (2.9%) to others. Skin tests were performed in 142 patients and drug provocation tests (DPTs) in 141 patients. Eleven (6.6%) patients defaulted DPTs after skin testing. Out of 166 patients, 22 (13.3%) patients were proven allergic by either skin tests (16) or DPTs (6). Patients who tested positive had nonsevere reactions.Out of 155 patients who were conclusively evaluated, 133 (85.8%) were not allergic. Of these patients, 30 (22.6%) used the tested β‐lactam subsequently, with one reporting a mild reaction. Fifty‐one (38.3%) patients were uncontactable or uncertain if they consumed a β‐lactam since testing negative. Fifty‐two (39.1%) patients had no re‐exposure (35 had no indication, 17 were fearful of reactions).ConclusionDrug allergy testing was safe and removed inappropriate labels.Clinical ImplicationAllergy testing is efficacious, but fears of subsequent rechallenge should be addressed to maximize the effectiveness of allergy delabeling.
Circadian genes polymorphisms, night work and prostate cancer risk: Findings from the EPICAP study
Authors: Wendeu‐Foyet Méyomo G. , Cénée Sylvie , Koudou Yves , Trétarre Brigitte , Rébillard Xavier , Cancel‐Tassin Géraldine , Cussenot Olivier , Boland Anne , Olaso Robert , Deleuze Jean‐François , Blanché Hélène , Lamy Pierre‐Jean , Mulot Claire , Laurent‐Puig Pierre , Truong Thérèse , Menegaux Florence 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOver the past two decades, several studies have attempted to understand the hypothesis that disrupting the circadian rhythm may promote the development of cancer. Some have suggested that night work and some circadian genes polymorphisms are associated with cancer, including prostate cancer. Our study aims to test the hypothesis that prostate cancer risk among night workers may be modulated by genetic polymorphisms in the circadian pathway genes based on data from the EPICAP study, a population‐based case‐control study including 1511 men (732 cases/779 controls) with genotyped data. We estimated odds ratio (ORs) and P values of the association between prostate cancer and circadian gene variants using logistic regression models. We tested the interaction between circadian genes variants and night work indicators that were significantly associated with prostate cancer at pathway, gene and SNP levels. Analyses were also stratified by each of these night work indicators and by cancer aggressiveness. The circadian pathway was significantly associated with aggressive prostate cancer among night workers (P = .004), particularly for men who worked at night for <20 years (P = .0002) and those who performed long night shift (>10 hours, P = .001). At the gene level, we observed among night workers significant associations between aggressive prostate cancer and ARNTL, NPAS2 and RORA. At the SNP‐level, no significant association was observed. Our findings provide some clues of a potential modulating effect of circadian genes in the relationship between night work and prostate cancer. Further investigation is warranted to confirm these findings and to better elucidate the biological pathways involved.
Lung cancer mortality associated with protracted low‐dose occupational radiation exposures and smoking behaviors in U.S. radiologic technologists, 1983‐2012
Authors: Velazquez‐Kronen Raquel , Gilbert Ethel S. , Linet Martha S. , Moysich Kirsten B. , Freudenheim Jo L. , Wactawski‐Wende Jean , Simon Steven L. , Cahoon Elizabeth K. , Alexander Bruce H. , Doody Michele M. , Kitahara Cari M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the Japanese atomic bomb survivors, risk of lung cancer has been shown to increase with greater acute exposure to ionizing radiation. Although similar findings have been observed in populations exposed to low‐dose, protracted radiation, such studies lack information on cigarette smoking history, a potential confounder. In a cohort of 106 068 U.S. radiologic technologists, we examined the association between estimated cumulative lung absorbed dose from occupational radiation exposure and lung cancer mortality. Poisson regression models, adjusted for attained age, sex, birth cohort, pack‐years smoked and years since quitting smoking, were used to calculate linear excess relative risks (ERR) per 100 mGy, using time‐dependent cumulative lung absorbed dose, lagged 10 years. Mean cumulative absorbed dose to the lung was 25 mGy (range: 0‐810 mGy). During the 1983 to 2012 follow‐up, 1090 participants died from lung cancer. Greater occupational radiation lung dose was not associated with lung cancer mortality overall (ERR per 100 mGy: −0.02, 95% CI: <0‐0.13). However, significant dose‐response relationships were observed for some subgroups, which might be false‐positive results given the number of statistical tests performed. As observed in other studies of radiation and smoking, the interaction between radiation and smoking appeared to be sub‐multiplicative with an ERR per 100 mGy of 0.41 (95% CI: 0.01‐1.15) for those who smoked <20 pack‐years and −0.03 (95% CI: <0‐0.15) for those who smoked ≥20 pack‐years. Our study provides some evidence that greater protracted radiation exposure in the low‐dose range is positively associated with lung cancer mortality.
Prophylactic internal iliac artery ligation versus balloon occlusion for placenta accreta spectrum disorders: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Papillon‐Smith Jessica , Hobson Sebastian , Allen Lisa , Kingdom John , Windrim Rory , Murji Ally 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo compare surgical outcomes between women undergoing prophylactic internal iliac artery ligation or preoperative placement of balloon‐occlusive devices at cesarean hysterectomy for placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary‐care referral center for PAS disorders in Ontario, Canada. Eligible electronic records were reviewed of women undergoing cesarean hysterectomy for PAS disorders between November 2012 and June 2018. Outcomes for the ligation and balloon groups were compared primarily on procedure‐related complications and secondarily on total procedure time, bleeding and transfusion metrics, and intraoperative and postoperative complications.ResultsOf the 79 cases of cesarean hysterectomy, 47 underwent balloon placement and 32 underwent ligation. Baseline characteristics between the groups were similar except for more emergency procedures in the ligation group (37.5% vs 12.8%, P=0.014). The balloon‐related complication rate was 5/47 (10.6%), with no reported complications in the ligation group (P=0.077). Procedural time was longer in the balloon group (353 ± 14 vs 227 ± 13 minutes, P<0.001). Estimated blood loss was similar (1874 ± 245 mL vs 1713 ± 181 mL, P=0.590).ConclusionWomen undergoing prophylactic placement of endovascular balloons at caesarean hysterectomy for PAS disorders had a 10.6% procedure‐related complication rate and increased total procedure time, with no decrease in blood loss compared to those undergoing surgical ligation.