bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Mobile Phone Technology in Resolving Communal Conflicts in Mandera County, Kenya
Authors: Eymoi Mohamed Ibrahim , Mbataru Patrick 
Published: September 2020

The unprecedented global adoption of information and communication technologies (ICTs) is rapidly changing the way people are communicating in solving problems. For several years now, the role of ICTs has become important in the way people construct their relationships in conflict resolution. Yet little is known on the dynamism of this interaction. It is not clear how mobile technology has contributed toward conflict resolution, and this study will contribute to the knowledge on the role of mobile telephones in conflict resolution. The purpose of this study was to explore how the mobile phone technology contributed in resolving communal conflicts in Mandera County, Kenya. This study was guided by three theories: conflict transformation theory, diffusion of innovations theory and social representation theory. The conflict Tansformation Theory is adopted as the main theory of analysis. The main idea of this theory is transforming negative conflict into constructive conflict, deals with structural, behavioural and attitudinal aspects of conflict. This study adopted a descriptive survey. The population for this study consisted of 301 employees in ICT and security department where stakeholders in technology and security sectors and the public. Primary and secondary data was analysed according to the objectives. Primary data was derived from questionnaires formulated to target employees in ICT and security department. The data analysis included qualitative and quantitative techniques. Qualitative data was summarized and categorized according to common themes and was presented using frequency distribution tables, graphs and charts. Content analysis was used mostly to arrive at inferences through a systematic and objective identification of the specific messages. The quantitative data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results confirmed that short message service, social media plateform, instant messaging applications, and video conferencing play a role in resolving communal conflicts in Mandera County. The study concludes that Short Message Service, Social Media Platforms and Instant Messaging Applications can be used conflict such as communal conflicts. Video Conferencing can be used to solve conflict such as relationship conflict, arises from differences in personality, style, matters of taste, and even conflict style as well as conflict in the workplace like task conflict. County government of Mandera must come up with ways of incorporating mobile phone technologies such as Short Message Service, Social Media Platforms, Instant Messaging and Video Conferencing on matters conflict resolution. The study recommends that the County Government of Mandera in collaboration with the National Government need to come up with agencies to regulate the use of social media as a medium to communicate in times of conflict since they are sometimes prone to misuse.
INTERAKSIONISME SIMBOLIK ANTARA STAF HUMAS PEMERINTAH DENGAN “WARTAWAN TANPA MEDIA MASSA”
Authors: Apriliyanti  
Published: September 2020

Wartawan atau insan pers yang jujur dan bersih, jumlahnya kini sangat banyak di berbagai kawasan di tanah air. Wartawan memiliki tanggung jawab moral terhadap media tempat mereka bernaung dan lebih luas lagi terhadap khalayak atau publik. Humas sebagai mitranya harus selalu siap menjawab pertanyaan dan memenuhi permintaan wartawan akan fakta-fakta penting yang berhubungan dengan kepentingan masyarakat, yang pasti sangat beraneka.
Dalam penelitian ini, istilah yang akan digunakan untuk menyebut “wartawan” semacam ini adalah “Wartawan Tanpa Media Massa (WTMM)”. Adanya pemberian “amplop” dan uang THR bagi “WTMM” yang meliput di kantor Pemprov Jabar merupakan tanda tanya besar yang perlu segera ditindak lanjuti. Di satu sisi, organisasi kewartawanan seperti PWI berjuang keras untuk mampu memberantas keberadaan “WTMM”.
Présentation d'Eurocall 2003 "New Literacies in Language Learning & Teaching"
Authors: Mangenot François 
Published: September 2020

Eurocall est une association européenne de chercheurs et de praticiens du domaine de l'apprentissage des langues assisté par ordinateur (Eurocall) ; cette association tient chaque année, en août-septembre, un colloque qui regroupe plusieurs centaines de participants. Cet article propose un compte-rendu du colloque qui s'est tenu à l'université de Limerick (Irlande) du 3 au 6 septembre 2003. On aborde tout d'abord le thème du colloque, on propose ensuite une synthèse des trois conférences plénières et des 166 ateliers, on approfondit enfin l'un des sous-thèmes, celui de la communication pédagogique et interculturelle à travers Internet.
Le monde dans Bruxelles, Bruxelles dans le monde
Authors: Hermia Jean-Pierre , Vandermotten Christian 
Published: September 2020

« Le monde dans Bruxelles. Bruxelles dans le monde » est le thème de l’édition 2015 de la Nuit du Savoir sur Bruxelles, le vendredi 27 novembre au Kaaitheater. Au travers de courtes présentations et discussions, cette soirée permet de s’informer et de débattre, données scientifiques à l’appui, sur différents aspects de l’internationalisation de la Région : l’insertion dans les réseaux des services avancés, l’économie informelle, la ségrégation scolaire, la délinquance des jeunes, l’art contemporain ou encore le rôle des universités dans l’accueil des réfugiés.En prélude à ce moment d’échange et de réflexion, Brussels Studies publie, avec son numéro 94, une courte note où Jean-Pierre Hermia (Institut Bruxellois de Statistique et d’Analyse) et Christian Vandermotten (Université libre de Bruxelles) font le point sur deux éléments clefs : les caractéristiques de la présence étrangère dans la Région ainsi que la place et la spécificité de Bruxelles parmi les grandes villes du continent.
De wereld in Brussel, Brussel in de wereld
Authors: Hermia Jean-Pierre , Vandermotten Christian 
Published: September 2020

“De wereld in Brussel, Brussel in de wereld” is het thema van de 2015 editie van de Nacht van de Kennis over Brussel [zie het programma], die doorgaat op 27 november in het Kaaitheater. Aan de hand van korte presentaties en debatten worden essentiële sleutels gegeven om Brussel (beter) te begrijpen, op een wetenschappelijk gefundeerde manier. Dat gebeurt aan de hand van tussenkomsten over de internationalisering van Brussel, de positie van deze kleine wereldstad in globale netwerken, de informele economie, de segregatie in het onderwijs, jeugddelinquentie, of nog de rol van universiteiten bij de opvang van de vluchtelingen...Als opstap naar dit moment van informatie-uitwisseling en reflectie, publiceert Brussels Studies een korte nota waarbij Jean-Pierre Hermia (Brussels Instituut voor Statistiek en Analyse) en Christian Vandermotten (Université Libre de Bruxelles) een stand van zaken geven voor twee essentiële elementen: de kenmerken van de buitenlandse aanwezigheid in het Gewest en de plaats en specificiteit van Brussel ten opzichte van andere grootsteden op het Europese continent.
The need for teachers in the Brussels Region by 2020
Authors: Wayens Benjamin , Delvaux Bernard , Marissal Pierre , Vermeulen Sofie , Quittelier Benoit , Janssens Rudi 
Published: September 2020

In 2019-2020, the Brussels Capital Region will be home to some 24 000 more students than there were in 2013-2014, in preschool, primary and secondary education. This growth generates additional needs in infrastructure, but also in teachers. An interuniversity research team from the Université Libre de Bruxelles, the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, the Université Saint-Louis and the Université catholique de Louvain have analysed the data available so as to have a clearer view of the Brussels perspective. The IBSA/BISA Cahier No 5, summarised in a Brussels Studies Fact Sheet, lays out their estimates of the number of teachers needed in 2019-2020.
Frontières tacites. Confrontations et accords dans les favelas de Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Grillo Carolina Christoph 
Published: September 2020

Ce travail analyse les discontinuités spatiales produites par les dynamiques de confrontation armée et les accords engagés entre policiers, trafiquants et voleurs dans la ville de Rio de Janeiro. Il met l’accent sur les transformations produites par l’implantation d’Unités de Police Pacificatrice (UPP). En prenant appui sur une recherche ethnographique réalisée dans des favelas contrôlées par une faction du trafic de drogues, avant, pendant et après leur occupation par la Police Militaire, il souhaite analyser les relations entre les différents acteurs de la violence urbaine et montrer quelle cartographie tacite et partagée des territoires en résulte. L’argument central est le suivant : en dépit de la reformulation de la stratégie de combat contre le marché illégal de drogues - du modèle d’opérations topiques d’incursion policière vers ladite «pacification » - , tant le contrôle social que le trafic demeurent territorialisés. Les acteurs impliqués disputent et négocient les limites spatiales imposées à la conduite d’activités illégales et à la circulation de certaines catégories de personnes. Les circonscriptions de l’action du trafic, correspondant jusque-là au périmètre des favelas et l’intérieur de ces espaces, sont devenues plus malléables, tandis que la structure des bocas de fumo – lieux de vente de drogues - semble demeurer inchangée. Face à la fragilité des nouveaux arrangements entre pouvoirs locaux, les contrôles exercés par les trafiquants sur la pratique de l’agression et du vol (assalto), semblent ainsi étendus, introduisant de nouvelles tensions au sein des dynamiques criminelles.
Une revue pour la recherche sur Bentham et l’utilitarisme
Authors: Brunon-Ernst Anne 
Published: September 2020

La Revue d’études benthamiennes propose une ouverture interdisciplinaire aux études sur l’utilitarisme et sur les pensées d’expression anglophone en France. La Revue s’intéresse donc à l’utilitarisme classique et à des courants de pensée contemporains dans les domaines de l’économie, du droit et de la philosophie, encourageant ainsi l’ouverture à toutes les disciplines des sciences humaines et sociales sur des thèmes, auteurs, objets, histoire compris par le spectre de la Revue. La REB entend promouvoir et accompagner la recherche universitaire dans ces domaines et ne se réclame pas d’une lecture ou d’une interprétation en particulier.
Walter Benjamin et le jazz : une introduction
Authors: Parent Emmanuel 
Published: September 2020

On part ici du constat de l’urgente nécessité de combler la béance s’étant progressivement installée entre l’esthétique philosophique et une forme d’expression majeure de la culture afro-américaine et de l’art moderne en général : le jazz. Le virulent rejet adornien de cette musique apparaît rapidement comme emblématique de la rigidité conceptuelle occidentale. On postule alors que la discussion qu’il entreprit dans les années 1930 avec son ami Walter Benjamin au sujet de « l’aura des reproductibles » est le lieu d’un dépassement possible de certains topoï de l’esthétique qui condamnent l’art à ne jamais s’écarter de la « Grande tradition » de jour en jour plus moribonde.
Promoting identification of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis based on label‐free plasma spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Qi‐Jie , Chen Yang , Zou Xiao‐Huan , Hu Wei , Ye Min‐Lu , Guo Qi‐Fu , Lin Xue‐Liang , Feng Shang‐Yuan , Wang Ning 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult‐onset fatal neurodegenerative disease which lacks identified biological markers. A label‐free plasma surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method was developed to explore a simple and noninvasive test for ALS.MethodsALS patients were enrolled serially and plasma samples were collected at the time of diagnosis prior to the start of ALS treatment. SERS spectra were recorded using a Renishaw micro‐Raman system.ResultsTo exclude the interference by varying disease severity, we enrolled three groups of ALS patients, including ALS‐1 (n = 60; ALSFRS‐R ≥ 42 and time interval ≤ 12 months), ALS‐2 (n = 61; ALSFRS‐R < 42 and time interval ≤ 12 months), and ALS‐3 (n = 61; ALSFRS‐R ≥ 38 and time interval> 12 months). The SERS spectra were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA), which showed that ALS‐1, ALS‐2, ALS‐3, and control groups were separated significantly. Then, decision tree (DT) models and receiver operating characteristic curves were employed and identified that bands at 722 and 739 cm−1, and ratios of 635–722 cm−1 and 635–739 cm−1 were able to distinguish ALS from controls significantly. Finally, we highlighted six metabolism pathways correlated with ALS, including phenylalanine‐tyrosine‐tryptophan biosynthesis, aminoacyl‐tRNA biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism.
Interpretation:
Plasma SERS could be a promising tool for the detection of ALS. The bands at 722 and 739 cm−1, and the ratios of 635–722 cm−1 and 635–739 cm−1 could serve as potential indicator for ALS.
Queering reproductive justice: Memories, mistakes, and motivations to transform kinship
Authors: Silver Lauren J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhy does a queer feminist approach to reproductive justice matter? Why might it matter for youth who build their families while navigating the surveillance of a large urban U.S. child welfare system? Why might it matter for queer transracial families like my own and for other “disruptive families”? This autoethnographic account shadows my ethnography with Black adolescent mothers and their children living under surveillance. The works stems from an obligation to shift my gaze to myself, as I follow a long reflexive tradition in feminist anthropology around exploring my vulnerabilities and changing point of view. I argue that queering reproductive justice reveals diverse forms of kinship and care networks to motivate coalition building across families. Queer Black activists and feminists have consistently offered critical insights into how to make the rallying cry of Black Lives Matter more inclusive of Black trans and cis girls and women, as well as for gender‐expansive Black people and families. As a multi‐city and global coalition erupts and demands the liberation of Black lives, the time is ripe for a queer coalition for reproductive justice.
2‐Amino‐3‐cyano‐4H‐chromene‐4‐ylphosphonates as potential antiviral agents: Synthesis, in ovo and in silico approach
Authors: Shaik Mahammad Sadik , Nadiveedhi Maheshwara Reddy , Gundluru Mohan , Narreddy Ananda Kumar Reddy , Thathireddy Krishna Reddy , Ramakrishna Ranjani , Cirandur Suresh Reddy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA simplistic synthetic procedure for the synthesis of structurally diversified 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4H‐chromene‐4‐ylphosphonates (4a‐j) were developed by the treatment of substituted salicylaldehydes, malononitrile, and dialkyl phosphite in presence of Cu(OAc)2 catalyst at room temperature and neat conditions. The synthesized compounds were tested for their antiviral assay. Among all, the compounds 4a, 4d and 4h have shown good in ovo antiviral activity against New castle disease virus (NDV) at a concentration of 150 μg/mL. The remarkable reduction in NDV virus population in embryos treated with title compounds (4a‐j) in a dose dependent manner, indicated that the synthesized compounds are extreme by toxic to the NDV virus. The title compounds were also docked against hemagglutinin neuraminidase enzyme and the more bioactive compound 4a showed highest docking score than the standard antiviral drug taribavirin while the compounds 4d and 4h has the same docking score as that of the standard.
Subsidy design in a vessel speed reduction incentive program under government policies
Authors: Zhuge Dan , Wang Shuaian , Zhen Lu , Laporte Gilbert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAs a green port and shipping‐related policy, the vessel speed reduction incentive program (VSRIP) involves using a subsidy to induce ships to reduce their speed in a port area so that the emissions can be reduced at the port. However, this program may attract new ships to visit the port because of the subsidy; in this case, the port's profit will grow due to more ship visits, but its total emissions may also increase, which is counter to the original intention of the subsidy. The government could then intervene by providing part of the subsidy for the VSRIP or by collecting air emission taxes for the increased emission at the port. This paper studies how to design suitable subsidies for ships participating in a VSRIP. Two bilevel subsidy design models are formulated based on a Stackelberg game to maximize the port's profit (related to the profits from original and new ships, the subsidy provided by the port, and air emission taxes) and to minimize the government's cost (related to the damage cost of air emissions, the subsidy provided by the government, and air emission taxes). We determine which policy (including a sharing subsidy policy, no government intervention, and an air emission tax policy) should be implemented by the government in different cases and how much subsidy should be provided by the port under each government policy. We find that these decisions are affected by several practical factors, such as the damage cost of air emissions per ton of fuel and the subsidy sensitivities of original and new ships. We also outline several meaningful insights based on the analysis of these practical factors.
Psychological impact of COVID‐19 on hospital workers in nursing care hospitals
Authors: Yang Seoyon , Kwak Sang Gyu , Chang Min Cheol 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore coronavirus disease‐related psychological stress in hospital workers in nursing care hospitals during the coronavirus disease epidemic.DesignCross‐sectional observational study.MethodsA questionnaire survey was administered to hospital workers at three nursing care hospitals.ResultsFifty‐four workers at three nursing care hospitals (9, 29 and 16 works) responded to our survey. Twenty‐four workers (50%) scored ≥5 on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, indicating the presence of anxiety. For the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, six employees (11.1%) scored ≥10 scores, indicating the presence of depression. Workers who lived with other people with chronic underlying diseases showed significantly higher incidence of the presence of anxiety and depression. In binary logistic regression analysis, when living with persons with chronic underlying diseases, the risk of the presence of depression increased. Also, there was a higher incidence of depression in occupational therapists compared with physical therapists and nurses.
Stabilization of the [cyclo‐N5]− anion by Lewis acid‐base interactions
Authors: Wang Peng , Wu Panpan , Wang Kun , Cheng Longjiu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt is an attractive problem to stabilize cyclopentazolate anion [cyclo‐N5]− due to its promising application in the field of high‐energy density materials. The instability of [cyclo‐N5]− is caused by the repulsion of the neighbored lone pairs of electrons localized on N atoms. In this study, two anions of [N5(BH3)5]− and [N5(AgCN)5]− have been designed to reduce the intramolecular repulsion. [N5(H2O)5]− is designed to evaluate the effect of intramolecular hydrogen bond on the stabilization. For all the structures, we apply density functional theory and the Car‐Parrinello molecular dynamics method to study the bonding properties and thermal stabilities. Based on the results, we confirm that the individual [cyclo‐N5]− anion can be effectively stabilized through coordination with acidic ligands rather than the hydrogen bond, which will provide a new method to synthesize full‐nitrogen compounds.
More serious autophagy can be induced by ZnO nanoparticles than single‐walled carbon nanotubes in rat tracheal epithelial cells
Authors: Zhang Hangjun , Chen Feifei , Li Yan , Shan Xiaodong , Yin Lu , Hao Xiaojing , Zhong Yuchi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMetal oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanoparticles, as common nanoparticles (NPs), can cause autophagy in certain cells, which will lead to biohealth risk issues. This study determined the difference in autophagy induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in respiratory epithelial cells. ICP‐OES results showed that NPs uptake as well as the intercellular contents of particles affected cytotoxicity in a dose‐dependent manner. ZnO NPs‐30 nm had a distinct green dot structure representing autophagy, the SWCNTs exposure group had a few green light spots at a concentration of 10 μg/L. The ROS content of the ZnO NP‐30 nm exposure group had the greatest increase at a concentration of 1000 μg/L, which was 2.5 times higher than that of the control, the SWCNTs exposure group showed a 2.2‐fold increase. A slight downregulation of p‐mTOR was detected, and the ZnO NPs‐30 nm treatment group had the significant downregulation rate. The gene and protein expression levels of Beclin‐1 and LC3B were upregulated as the exposure concentration increased. The protein expression of Beclin‐1 and LC3B in the 1000 μg/L ZnO NPs‐30 nm exposure group were 5.21 times and 4.12 times that of the control, respectively. The mRNA expression of Beclin‐1 and LC3B in the 1000 μg/L ZnO NPs‐30 nm exposure group were 5.04 times and 3.61 times that of the control, respectively. At any concentration, the effect of ZnO NPs‐30 nm was greater than that of the SWCNTs. Interaction and crosstalk analysis showed that exposure to ZnO NPs‐30 nm caused autophagy through the aggregation of undegraded autophagosomes, whereas SWCNTs exposure induced diminished intercellular oxidative stress to inhibit autophagy. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the effects of autophagy induced by ZnO NPs‐30 nm and SWCNTs were different. The health risks of ZnO‐30 nm NPs are higher than those of SWCNTs.
Uncertainty analysis in internal dose calculations for cerium considering the uncertainties of biokinetic parameters and S values
Authors: Spielmann Vladimir , Li Wei Bo , Zankl Maria , Ramos Juan Camilo Ocampo , Petoussi-Henss Nina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRadioactive cerium and other lanthanides can be transported through the aquatic system into foodstuffs and then be incorporated by humans. Information on the uncertainty of reported dose coefficients for exposed members of the public is then needed for risk analysis. In this study, uncertainties of dose coefficients due to the ingestion of the radionuclides141Ce and144Ce were estimated. According to the schema of internal dose calculation, a general statistical method based on the propagation of uncertainty was developed. The method takes into account the uncertainties contributed by the biokinetic models and by the so-calledSvalues. These S-values were derived by using Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations with five adult non-reference voxel computational phantoms that have been developed at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany. Random and Latin hypercube sampling techniques were applied to sample parameters of biokinetic models and S values. The uncertainty factors, expressed as the square root of the 97.5th and 2.5th percentile ratios, for organ equivalent dose coefficients of141Ce were found to be in the range of 1.2–5.1 and for144Ce in the range of 1.2–7.4. The uncertainty factor of the detriment-weighted dose coefficient for141Ce is 2.5 and for144Ce 3.9. It is concluded that a general statistical method for calculating the uncertainty of dose coefficients was developed and applied to the lanthanide cerium. The dose uncertainties obtained provide improved dose coefficients for radiation risk analysis of humans. Furthermore, these uncertainties can be used to identify those parameters most important in internal dose calculations by applying sensitivity analyses.