bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FotoMapa: cartografia afetiva de Ciudad Bolívar, Bogotá
Authors: Rezende Wagner de Souza , Alvim Angélica Benatti 
Published: May 2020

A apropriação dos espaços públicos nas periferias das cidades latino-americanas é um tema de grande relevância na atualidade, especialmente por ser uma questão associada às políticas públicas de justiça social, com impactos diretos na melhoria da qualidade de vida urbana. No entanto, apesar da extensa bibliografia sobre mapeamento colaborativo, a produção de informação visual por parte dos moradores locais –incorporando uma cartografia afetiva da experiência urbana – tem sido relegada a segundo plano, tendo sido pouco explorada nas análises urbanas da cidade informal. Apresenta, assim, o FotoMapa, um método de leitura compartilhada da paisagem urbana, que envolve a participação dos agentes locais na significação dos contextos urbanos, na escala local e global. É realizado o mapeamento da percepção urbana dos moradores locais, por meio de entrevistas, fotografias e anotações, ao longo de trajetórias urbanas nas ruas de três bairros de Bogotá, seguido de análise de conteúdo orientada segundo os conceitos de coexistência, memória e diversidade.
The appropriation of public spaces in the peripheries of Latin American cities is a topic of great relevance nowadays, especially because it is a question associated with public policies of social justice, with direct impacts on the improvement of the quality of Urban life. However, despite the extensive bibliography on collaborative mapping, the production of visual information on the part of residents – incorporating an affective cartography of urban experience – has been relegated to the background, having been little explored in urban analyses of the informal city. It thus presents the FotoMapa, a method of shared reading of the urban landscape, which involves the participation of local agents in the signification of urban contexts, in the local and global scale. The mapping of the urban perception of residents by means of interviews, photographs and notes, along urban trajectories in the streets of three neighborhoods of Bogota, followed by content analysis oriented according to the concepts of coexistence, memory and diversity.
Developing Pathology Measures for the Quality Payment Program—Part I: A Quest for Meaningful Measures
Authors: Bocsi Gregary T. , Kang Jason , Kennedy Angela , Singh Loveleen , Peditto Stephanie , Cardona Diana M. 
Published: May 2020

Context.—Quality measures assess health care processes, outcomes, and patient perceptions associated with high-quality health care, which is commonly defined as care that is effective, safe, efficient, patient centered, equitable, and timely. Such measures are now being used in order to incentivize provision of high-quality health care.Objective.—To meet the goals of the Quality Payment Program, quality measures will be developed from clinical practice guidelines and relevant, peer-reviewed research identifying evidence that the measure addresses 3 areas: a high-priority aspect of health care or a specific national health goal or priority; a meaningful focus, such as leading to a desired health outcome; and a gap or variation in care.Design.—Within the College of American Pathologists (CAP), the Measures and Performance Assessment Subcommittee is tasked with developing useful performance measures. Participating practitioners can then select measures that are meaningful to their respective patients and practices, and reflect the quality of the services they provide.Results.—The CAP developed 23 quality measures for reporting to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services that reflect rigorous clinical evidence and address areas in need of performance improvement.Conclusions.—Because the implications of reporting on these pathology-specific metrics are significant, these measures and the process by which they were designed are presented here in peer-reviewed fashion. The measures described in this article (part 1) represent recent efforts by the CAP to develop meaningful measures that reflect rigorous clinical evidence and highlight areas with opportunities for performance improvement.
Verfassungsrechtliches Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Umweltschutz und Wirtschaftsordnung in Deutschland und in Brasilien
Authors: Mattei Julia 
Published: May 2020

Vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Umweltkrise fand die Studie Anlass an die Frage, wie das von dem deutschen und dem brasilianischen Verfassungsgeber ausgewählte Schutzmodell die Rolle des Umweltschutzes in der Wirtschaftsordnung im Rahmen eines ökologischen Rechtsstaats beeinflusst. Als Methode wurde den Rechtsvergleich angewandt, sodass verfassungsrechtliche Normen beider Länder gegenübergestellt wurden. Durch die international rechtsvergleichende Betrachtung des Themas bringt die Studie innovative Ansätze in die Forschung über die Ökologisierung der Rechtsordnung und insbesondere des Wirtschaftssystems ein. In Deutschland wird der Umweltschutz durch die Staatszielbestimmung von Art. 20a des Grundgesetzes und in Brasilien durch das Grundrecht auf eine ökologisch ausgeglichene Umwelt in Art. 225 der Bundesverfassung verankert. In einem ökologischen Rechtsstaat bekommt die Umwelt eine besondere Stelle in der Wirtschaftsordnung: sie ist zum einen Bestandteil der Menschenwürde, die auch ein Hauptprinzip der beiden Rechtsstaaten ist, und zum anderen Bestandteil der Wirtschaft. Durch eine ökologische Auslegung des Art. 109 II deutsches Grundgesetz und von Art. 174 und Art. 170 IV der brasilianischen Verfassung hat die Forschung gezeigt, dass der Umweltschutz als Teil der verfassungsrechtlichen objektiven Wertordnung in einem ökologischen Rechtsstaat als Verstärkung und Grenze von grundrechtlichen Gewährleistungen wirken kann und soll.Ansätze in die Forschung über die Ökologisierung der Rechtsordnung und insbesondere des Wirtschaftssystems ein. In Deutschland wird der Umweltschutz durch die Staatszielbestimmung von Art. 20a des Grundgesetzes und in Brasilien durch das Grundrecht auf eine ökologisch ausgeglichene Umwelt in Art. 225 der Bundesverfassung verankert. In einem ökologischen Rechtsstaat bekommt die Umwelt eine besondere Stelle in der Wirtschaftsordnung: sie ist zum einen Bestandteil der Menschenwürde, die auch ein Hauptprinzip der beiden Rechtsstaaten ist, und zum anderen Bestandteil der Wirtschaft. Durch eine ökologische Auslegung des Art. 109 II deutsches Grundgesetz und von Art. 174 und Art. 170 IV der brasilianischen Verfassung hat die Forschung gezeigt, dass der Umweltschutz als Teil der verfassungsrechtlichen objektiven Wertordnung in einem ökologischen Rechtsstaat als Verstärkung und Grenze von grundrechtlichen Gewährleistungen wirken kann und soll.
Análise das medidas internacionais em matéria de impactos transfronteiriços e a responsabilidade ambiental
Authors: Bergamaschine Mata Diz Jamile , Souza Costa Beatriz , García Lopez Tania 
Published: May 2020

O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar os impactos ambientais transfronteiriços e a questão da responsabilidade internacional do Estado, a partir das tentativas de codificação resultante em propostas de resolução adotadas pela Comissão de Direito Internacional, vinculada à Organização das Nações Unidas, buscando especificar em que medida poderiam contribuir para promover maior proteção ambiental. Buscou-se, ainda, realizar uma contextualização jurídica e histórica de forma que se possa compreender como a responsabilidade por danos transfronteiriços, ao fundamentar-se na prevenção e precaução, acaba por incorporar também a necessária consideração aos pressupostos da responsabilidade por ato não-ilícito. A metodologia dedutiva possibilita realizar um estudo das propostas já discutidas no âmbito da referida Comissão, estabelecendo medidas para a aplicação da responsabilidade. Conclui-se que, apesar dos esforços empreendidos até o momento, não se logrou ainda fixar um ato internacional que venha, de forma efetiva, imputar aos Estados responsabilidade por atos não-ilícitos, aproximando-se, assim, da legislação nacional adotada atualmente pelos Estados.
Changes of liver transcriptome profiles following oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice
Authors: Guo Shuren , Mao Xiaohuan , Yan Yunmeng , Zhang Yan , Ming Liang 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundOxidative-stress (OS) was causal in the development of cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Streptozotocin (STZ) was an alkylation agent that increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Here we aimed to explore the oxidative-stress and related RNAs in the liver of STZ-induced diabetic mice.MethodsRNA-sequencing was performed using liver tissues from STZ induced diabetic mice and controls. Pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were utilized to annotate the target genes. The differentially expressed RNAs involved in the peroxisome pathway were validated by qRT-PCR. The glucose metabolite and OS markers were measured in the normal control (NC) and STZ-induced diabetic mellitus (DM) group.ResultsThe levels of serum Fasting insulin, HbA1c, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α(8-iso-PGF2α) were significant higher in DM groups than NC group, while SOD activity decreased significantly in DM groups. We found 416 lncRNAs and 910 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the STZ-induced diabetic mice compared to the control group. OS associated RNAs were differentially expressed in the liver of STZ-induced diabetic mice.ConclusionThis study confirmed that the OS was increased in the STZ-induced DM mice as evidenced by the increase of lipid peroxidation product MDA and 8-iso-PGF2α, identified aberrantly expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in STZ-induced diabetic mice.
Prevalence and molecular characterization of some circulating strains of the peste-des-petits-ruminants virus in Saudi Arabia between 2014–2016
Authors: Hemida Maged Gomaa , Alghadeer Hussain Mohammed , Alhammadi Mohammed , Ali Sayed 
Published: May 2020

Background
The peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) is a highly devastating virus of small ruminants in many parts of the world, including the Kingdome of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, our objectives were (1) to conduct a molecular prevalence study of PPRV in sheep and goat across the KSA and (2) to isolate and identify currently circulating PPRV lineages. Swabs and tissue specimens were collected from 97 herds suspected to be infected with PPRV across the Kingdome of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Testing for the presence of the virus was done by the real-time PCR. Confirmation of the identity of the reactions was done by the gel-based-PCR then by sequencing of the partial PPRV genome.

Results
Our results revealed that 24.1% of the tested specimens were PPRV-positive. Isolation of PPRV was successful from samples using the Vero cell line. Sequence analysis of some partial PPRV genes (N, F, M, L, P, and H) revealed that these strains were belonging to lineage IV of the PPRV.

Conclusions
This is the first study to conduct both the nationwide prevalence, isolation, and molecular characterizations of the PPRV in the KSA. Continuous surveillance and monitoring of the circulating strains of PPRV among sheep and goats will contribute substantially to the global eradication campaign of such a virus.
Demonstrating detail in investigative interviews—An examination of the DeMo technique
Authors: Boon Roel , Milne Rebecca , Rosloot Eveline , Heinsbroek Joris 
Published: May 2020

SummaryAttaining an uninterrupted free report (FR) is at the heart of best practice investigative interviewing guidance. However, witnesses/victims do not naturally provide detailed accounts. Techniques have been developed to counter‐act this, such as a report everything (RE) instruction. This research examined the relative effectiveness of an addition to the RE component, a demonstration of the level of detail, using a behavioural exemplar, by describing an innocuous object; the Demonstration for More detail (DeMo) technique. Participants (N = 61) watched a mock crime video and asked to recall it using one of three instructions: (a) basic FR as the control, (b) RE instruction and (c) RE instruction plus DeMo technique. Participants who were given the DeMo technique recalled more details than both the control and RE groups. Accuracy rates were similarly high across all conditions. The implications of using the DeMo technique within an investigative interview are discussed.
Microtubule Cytoskeleton Remodeling by Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields
Authors: Chafai Djamel Eddine , Vostárek František , Dráberová Eduarda , Havelka Daniel , Arnaud‐Cormos Delia , Leveque Philippe , Janáček Jiří , Kubínová Lucie , Cifra Michal , Dráber Pavel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRemodeling of nanoscopic structures is not just crucial for cell biology, but it is also at the core of bioinspired materials. While the microtubule cytoskeleton in cells undergoes fast adaptation, adaptive materials still face this remodeling challenge. Moreover, the guided reorganization of the microtubule network and the correction of its abnormalities is still a major aim. This work reports new findings for externally triggered microtubule network remodeling by nanosecond electropulses (nsEPs). At first, a wide range of nsEP parameters, applied in a low conductivity buffer, is explored to find out the minimal nsEP dosage needed to disturb microtubules in various cell types. The time course of apoptosis and microtubule recovery in the culture medium is thereafter assessed. Application of nsEPs to cells in culture media result in modulation of microtubule binding properties to end‐binding (EB1) protein, quantified by newly developed image processing techniques. The microtubules in nsEP‐treated cells in the culture medium have longer EB1 comets but their density is lower than that of the control. The nsEP treatment represents a strategy for microtubule remodeling‐based nano‐biotechnological applications, such as engineering of self‐healing materials, and as a manipulation tool for the evaluation of microtubule remodeling mechanisms during various biological processes in health and disease.
Multimaterial Fiber Detector for Real‐Time and Remote X‐Ray Monitoring
Authors: Du Minghui , Dai Yi , Wang Zhen , Lv Shichao , Du Guanxin , Li Jiaxi , Qiu Yanqing , Qiu Jianrong , Zhou Shifeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractX‐ray radiation is a leading cause of cancer, and thus a device that offers effective and real‐time radiation monitoring is of significant interest. The configuration design, fiber drawing, and device construction are introduced for a multimaterial fiber detector system that allows real‐time and remote X‐ray monitoring. A fiber detector embedded with metal–semiconductor–insulator ladder‐like configuration is designed and successfully constructed on the basis of Plateau–Rayleigh instability. The multimaterial design affords the detector robust radiation‐harvesting ability, enabling the collection of up to ≈88.13% of total X‐ray energy. The unique ladder‐like configuration allows the efficient generation and collection of free charges. Moreover, the detector exhibits excellent mechanical flexibility and can be woven into a complex configuration and even wearable fabrics. Finally, the application of the micro‐detector in real‐time wireless X‐ray monitoring is demonstrated. This research not only presents a flexible radiation detection strategy for various ionizing radiation types, such as X‐ray, gamma ray, and neutrons radiation, but also has potential uses in remote radiation monitoring in case a conventional rigid device is inapplicable.
N6‐Methyladenosine Demethylase FTO Contributes to Neuropathic Pain by Stabilizing G9a Expression in Primary Sensory Neurons
Authors: Li Yize , Guo Xinying , Sun Linlin , Xiao Jifang , Su Songxue , Du Shibin , Li Zhen , Wu Shaogen , Liu Weili , Mo Kai , Xia Shangzhou , Chang Yun‐Juan , Denis Daniel , Tao Yuan‐Xiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNerve injury‐induced change in gene expression in primary sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is critical for neuropathic pain genesis. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification of RNA represents an additional layer of gene regulation. Here, it is reported that peripheral nerve injury increases the expression of the m6A demethylase fat‐mass and obesity‐associated proteins (FTO) in the injured DRG via the activation of Runx1, a transcription factor that binds to the Fto gene promoter. Mimicking this increase erases m6A in euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2 (Ehmt2) mRNA (encoding the histone methyltransferase G9a) and elevates the level of G9a in DRG and leads to neuropathic pain symptoms. Conversely, blocking this increase reverses a loss of m6A sites in Ehmt2 mRNA and destabilizes the nerve injury‐induced G9a upregulation in the injured DRG and alleviates nerve injury‐associated pain hypersensitivities. FTO contributes to neuropathic pain likely through stabilizing nerve injury‐induced upregulation of G9a, a neuropathic pain initiator, in primary sensory neurons.
Fe3O4@N‐Doped Interconnected Hierarchical Porous Carbon and Its 3D Integrated Electrode for Oxygen Reduction in Acidic Media
Authors: Wang Yi , Wu Mingmei , Wang Kun , Chen Junwei , Yu Tongwen , Song Shuqin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe rational design of electrode structure with catalysts adequately utilized is of vital importance for future fuel cells. Herein, a novel 3D oriented wholly integrated electrode comprising core–shell Fe3O4@N‐doped‐C (Fe3O4@NC) nanoparticles embedded into N‐doped ordered interconnected hierarchical porous carbon (denoted as Fe3O4@NC/NHPC) is developed for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The as‐prepared catalyst possesses novel structure and efficient active sites. In rotating disk electrode measurements, the Fe3O4@NC/NHPC exhibits almost identical ORR electrocatalytic activity, superior durability, and much better methanol tolerance compared with the commercial Pt/C in acidic media. To the authors’ knowledge, this is among the best non‐precious‐metal ORR catalysts reported so far. Importantly, the Fe3O4@NC/NHPC is successfully in situ assembled onto carbon paper by the electrophoresis method to obtain a well‐designed 3D‐ordered electrode. With improved mass transfer and maximized active sites for ORR, the 3D‐oriented wholly integrated electrode shows superior performance to the one fabricated by the traditional method.
Alfalfa establishment by interseeding with silage corn projected to increase profitability of corn silage–alfalfa rotations
Authors: Osterholz William R. , Renz Mark J. , Grabber John H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCorn (Zea mays L.) silage and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) rotations dominate dairy forage production in temperate regions, but low yields during establishment of spring seeded alfalfa limits productivity and profitability. Interseeding alfalfa with corn silage is a novel establishment method that could enhance environmental quality, alfalfa production, and farm income, but it also incurs additional costs. Forage yields derived from long‐term field studies in Wisconsin along with feed values and input costs from 2012 to 2017 were used to predict net returns of corn silage–alfalfa rotation sequences that utilized conventional spring seeding or interseeding for alfalfa establishment and cereal rye (Secale cereal L.) as a winter cover crop following corn silage. Interseeded rotations yielded annual net return of $303 to $367 ha−1, with a 3‐yr corn and 3‐yr alfalfa sequence identified as the most profitable. Conventional rotations provided lower annual net returns of $260 to $320 ha−1 and the most profitable was a 4‐yr corn and 4‐yr alfalfa sequence. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that interseeded alfalfa had a robust economic benefit, with increased net returns obtained when the corn yield penalty was limited to less than 20% or the success rate of alfalfa establishment exceeded 49% of attempts for the most profitable interseeded rotation sequence. A plant protective chemical application to interseeded alfalfa provided a net economic benefit if it increased the success rate of alfalfa establishment by at least 16%. Interseeding alfalfa into corn silage is predicted to enhance profitability of corn–alfalfa based cropping systems.
Effect of segment structure on the thermal stability ofCPVCin theGas–Solid PVCchlorination process
Authors: Bai Tianxiang , Wang Heyun , Chen Siyu , Yu Erlei , Wei Zhong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe chlorination of the polyvinyl chloride resin with different ratios of CH2, CHCl2, and CCl2was carried out through a gas–solid process by varying the temperature, reaction time, and chlorine concentration. The rheological properties and thermal stability of the resin were characterized.13C NMR was used to characterize the segment structure of the resin. In addition, conjugated diene structure was determined by UV–Visible to study its chlorination process. The results show that CCl2 units in the structure promote the dehydrochlorination of CPVC, forming a conjugated diene structure and reducing the rheological properties and thermal stability. In contrast, the formation of CHCl in the chlorination process increased the thermal stability of the resin. Moreover, a structure‐effect relationship between the structure and performance has been established, and a stepwise process of chlorination was obtained by analyzing the changes of the structure segment content at different stages.
ESA THESEUS and Czech participation
Authors: Hudec Rene , Amati Lorenzo , Frontera Filippo , Bozzo Enrico , O'Brien Paul T. , Goetz Diego , Simon Vojtech 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe recent status of the European Space Agency's (ESA) THESEUS (Transient High‐Energy Sources and Early Universe Surveyor) project and the recent and expected Czech participation in this project are briefly presented and discussed. THESEUS is a mission concept proposed in response to the ESA's call for medium‐size mission (M5) within the Cosmic Vision Programme and selected by ESA on May 7, 2018, to enter an assessment phase A/0 study. The expected Czech participation is on the Soft X‐ray Imager (SXI) and a set of four lobster‐eye (LE) telescopes, covering a total field of view (FOV) of 1 sr with source location accuracy better than 1–2 arcmin and energy coverage 0.3–6 keV. We also show the prospects of detecting and observing cataclysmic variables (CVs) with the hard X‐ray imaging spectrometer (XGIS) and SXI. Since the X‐ray spectrum largely determines what emission components and mechanisms can be observed, a combination of these instruments will be very useful. Also if we concentrate on the long‐term activity of CVs, it will even be meaningful to use the observations of CVs located in the wide FOVs of XGIS and SXI when searching for and observing other types of events such as gamma‐ray bursts.
The joy and duty of a marginal teratologist
Authors: Mulvihill John J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOn the occasion of this anniversary of the Society for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, I accept the invitation to offer personal reflections on the earlier days of the Society and the importance of the discipline. My focus is on what few contributions I have offered, but more, on the value of having the teratologist's perspective on other aspects of my career in medical genetics and genetic epidemiology. Treating my professional life as a development biologist (of which teratologists are a breed), I recount the institutions I have been at, but more importantly, the people I have been influenced by, more often than not accomplished teratologists. The one big thought I wish to leave is the primacy and criticality of being mentored and mentoring at ALL stages of a career.