bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the phase separation characteristics of nucleocapsid protein provides a new therapeutic opportunity against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Zhao Dan , Xu Weifan , Zhang Xiaofan , Wang Xiaoting , Yuan Enming , Xiong Yuanpeng , Wu Shenyang , Li Shuya , Wu Nian , Tian Tingzhong , Feng Xiaolong , Shu Hantao , Lang Peng , Shen Xiaokun , Li Haitao , Li Pilong , Zeng Jianyang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised an urgent need to develop effective therapeutics against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As a potential antiviral drug target, the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 functions as a viral RNA chaperone and plays vital and multifunctional roles during the life cycle of coronavirus1-3. In this study, we discovered that the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) bothin vitroandin vivo, which is further modulated by viral RNA. In addition, we found that, the core component of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2, nsp12, preferentially partitions into the N protein condensates. Moreover, we revealed that, two small molecules, i.e., CVL218 and PJ34, can be used to intervene the N protein driven phase separation and loosen the compact structures of the condensates of the N-RNA-nsp12 complex of SARS-CoV-2. The discovery of the LLPS-mediated interplay between N protein and nsp12 and the corresponding modulating compounds illuminates a feasible way to improve the accessibility of antiviral drugs (e.g., remdesivir) to their targets (e.g., nsp12/RdRp), and thus may provide useful hints for further development of effective therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2.
Clarifying predictions for COVID-19 from testing data: the example of New-York State
Authors: Griette Quentin , Magal Pierre 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this article, we use testing data as an input of a new epidemic model. We get nice a concordance between the best fit the model to the reported cases data for New-York state. We also get a good concordance of the testing dynamic and the epidemic’s dynamic in the cumulative cases. Finally, we can investigate the effect of multiplying the number of tests by 2, 5, 10, and 100 to investigate the consequences on the reduction of the number of reported cases.
Severe COVID-19 patients display a back boost of seasonal coronavirus-specific antibodies
Authors: Westerhuis Brenda M. , Aguilar-Bretones Muriel , Raadsen Matthijs P. , de Bruin Erwin , Okba Nisreen M.A. , Haagmans Bart L. , Langerak Thomas , Endeman Henrik , van den Akker Johannes P.C. , Gommers Diederik A.M.P.J. , van Gorp Eric C.M. , Rockx Barry H.G. , Koopmans Marion P.G. , van Nierop Gijsbert P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSevere acquired respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In severe COVID-19 cases, higher antibody titers against seasonal coronaviruses have been observed than in mild cases. To investigate antibody cross-reactivity as potential explanation for severe disease, we determined the kinetics, breadth, magnitude and level of cross-reactivity of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal CoV nucleocapsid and spike from 17 severe COVID-19 cases at the clonal level. Although patients mounted a mostly type-specific SARS-CoV-2 response, B-cell clones directed against seasonal CoV dominated and strongly increased over time. Seasonal CoV IgG responses that did not neutralize SARS-CoV-2 were boosted well beyond detectable cross-reactivity, particularly for HCoV-OC43 spike. These findings support a back-boost of poorly protective coronavirus-specific antibodies in severe COVID-19 patients that may negatively impact de novo SARS-CoV-2 immunity, reminiscent of original antigenic sin.
Diversity and prevalence of ANTAR RNAs across actinobacteria
Authors: Mehta Dolly , Ramesh Arati 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTComputational approaches are often used to predict regulatory RNAs in bacteria, but their success is limited to RNAs that are highly conserved across phyla, in sequence and structure. The ANTAR regulatory system consists of a family of RNAs (the ANTAR-target RNAs) that selectively recruit ANTAR proteins. This protein-RNA complex together regulates genes at the level of translation or transcriptional elongation. Despite the widespread distribution of ANTAR proteins in bacteria, their targets RNAs haven’t been identified in certain bacterial phyla such as actinobacteria. Here, by using a computational search model that is tuned to actinobacterial genomes, we comprehensively identify ANTAR-target RNAs in actinobacteria. These RNA motifs lie in select transcripts, often overlapping with the ribosome binding site or start codon, to regulate translation. Transcripts harboring ANTAR-target RNAs majorly encode proteins involved in the transport and metabolism of cellular metabolites like sugars, amino acids and ions; or encode transcription factors that in turn regulate diverse genes. In this report, we substantially diversify and expand the family of ANTAR RNAs across bacteria.
Modulation of Recombinant Human T-type calcium Channels by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid in vitro
Authors: Mirlohi Somayeh , Bladen Chris , Santiago Marina , Connor Mark 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionLow voltage-activated T-type calcium channels (T-type ICa), CaV3.1, CaV3.2, and CaV3.3 are opened by small depolarizations from the resting membrane potential in many cells and have been associated with neurological disorders including absence epilepsy and pain. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the principal psychoactive compound in Cannabis and also directly modulates T-type ICa, however, there is no information about functional activity of most phytocannabinoids on T-type calcium channels, including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol acid (THCA), the natural non-psychoactive precursor of THC. The aim of this work was to characterize THCA effects on T-type calcium channels.Materials and MethodsWe used HEK293 Flp-In-TREx cells stably expressing CaV3.1, 3.2 or 3.3. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were made to investigate cannabinoid modulation of ICa.ResultsTHCA and THC inhibited the peak current amplitude CaV3.1 with a pEC50s of 6.0 ± 0.7 and 5.6 ± 0.4, respectively. 1μM THCA or THC produced a significant negative shift in half activation and inactivation of CaV3.1 and both drugs prolonged CaV3.1 deactivation kinetics. THCA (10 μM) inhibited CaV3.2 by 53% ± 4 and both THCA and THC produced a substantial negative shift in the voltage for half inactivation and modest negative shift in half activation of CaV3.2. THC prolonged the deactivation time of CaV3.2 while THCA did not. THCA inhibited the peak current of CaV3.3 by 43% ± 2 (10μM) but did not notably affect CaV3.3 channel activation or inactivation, however, THC caused significant hyperpolarizing shift in CaV3.3 steady state inactivation.DiscussionTHCA modulated T-type ICa currents in vitro, with significant modulation of kinetics and voltage dependence at low μM concentrations. This study suggests that THCA may have potential for therapeutic use in pain and epilepsy via T-type channel modulation without the unwanted psychoactive effects associated with THC.
TWIST1controls cellular senescence and energy metabolism in mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Voskamp Chantal , Anderson Laura A. , Koevoet Wendy J. L. M. , Barnhoorn Sander , Mastroberardino Pier G. , van Osch Gerjo J.V.M. , Narcisi Roberto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are promising cells for regenerative medicine therapies, because they can differentiate towards multiple cell lineages. However, heterogeneity in differentiation capacity is one of the main drawbacks that limit their use clinically. Differences in the occurrence of cellular senescence and in the expression of the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in MSC populations contribute to their heterogeneity. Here, we show the involvement ofTWIST1expression in the regulation of MSC senescence, demonstrating that silencing ofTWIST1in MSCs increased the occurrence of senescence. These senescent MSCs had a SASP that was different from irradiation-induced senescent MSCs. In addition, metabolic evaluation performed by the Seahorse XF apparatus showed that bothTWIST1silencing-induced and irradiation-induced senescent MSCs had a higher oxygen consumption compared to control MSCs, whileTWIST1silencing-induced senescent MSCs had a low extracellular acidification rate compared to the irradiation-induced senescent MSCs. Overall, our data indicate howTWIST1regulation influences senescence in human MSCs and thatTWIST1silencing-induced senescence is characterized by a specific expression of the SASP and the metabolic state.
Human Cytomegalovirus antagonizes activation of Fcγ receptors II and III by distinct and synergizing modes of IgG manipulation
Authors: Kolb Philipp , Hoffmann Katja , Sievert Annika , Reinhard Henrike , Mercé-Maldonado Eva , Le-Trilling Vu Thuy Khanh , Gütle Dominique , Hengel Hartmut 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHuman Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is endowed with multiple highly sophisticated immune evasion strategies. This includes the evasion from antibody mediated immune control by counteracting host Fc-gamma receptor (FcγR) mediated immune control mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). We have previously shown that HCMV avoids FcγR activation by concomitant expression of the viral Fc-gamma binding glycoproteins (vFcγRs) gp34 and gp68. We now show that gp34 and gp68 bind IgG simultaneously at topologically different Fcγ sites and achieve efficient antagonization of host FcγR activation by distinct but synergizing mechanisms. While gp34 enhances immune complex internalization, gp68 acts as inhibitor of host FcγR binding to immune complexes. In doing so, gp68 induces Fcγ accessibility to gp34 and simultaneously limits host FcγR recognition. The synergy of gp34 and gp68 is compelled by the interfering influence of excessive non-immune IgG ligands and highlights conformational changes within the IgG globular chains critical for antibody effector function.Graphical AbstractNK cells elicit a powerful antibody-mediated antiviral response through ADCC. gp68 (ochroid) binds IgG in a 2:1 ratio reducing, but not abolishing accessibility of immune complexes to FcγRIII+(dark blue) immune effector cells such as NK cells. gp34 (red, natively forming a dimer (Sprague et al., 2008)) effectively internalizes immune complexes making them unavailable to surveilling FcγRIII+effector cells but cannot compete with FcγRIII for a similar binding region on IgG. Supported by functional evaluation, we propose a model in which g34 and gp68 work in cooperation to achieve efficient antagonization of antibody-mediated effector mechanisms.
HowEuglena gracilisswims: flow field reconstruction and analysis
Authors: Giuliani Nicola , Rossi Massimiliano , Noselli Giovanni , DeSimone Antonio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEuglena gracilisis a unicellular organism that swims by beating a single anterior flagellum. We study the nonplanar waveforms spanned by the flagellum during a swimming stroke, and the three-dimensional flows that they generate in the surrounding fluid.Starting from a small set of time-indexed images obtained by optical microscopy on a swimmingEuglenacell, we construct a numerical interpolation of the stroke. We define an optimal interpolation (which we call synthetic stroke) by minimizing the discrepancy between experimentally measured velocities (of the swimmer) and those computed by solving numerically the equations of motion of the swimmer driven by the trial interpolated stroke. The good match we obtain between experimentally measured and numerically computed trajectories provides a first validation of our synthetic stroke.We further validate the procedure by studying the flow velocities induced in the surrounding fluid. We compare the experimentally measured flow fields with the corresponding quantities computed by solving numerically the Stokes equations for the fluid flow, in which the forcing is provided by the synthetic stroke, and find good matching.Finally, we use the synthetic stroke to derive a coarse-grained model of the flow field resolved in terms of a few dominant singularities. The far field is well approximated by a time-varying Stresslet, and we show that the average behavior ofEuglenaduring one stroke is that of an off-axis puller. The reconstruction of the flow field closer to the swimmer body requires a more complex system of singularities. A system of two Stokeslets and one Rotlet, that can be loosely associated with the force exerted by the flagellum, the drag of the body, and a torque to guarantee rotational equilibrium, provides a good approximation.
Migrating lung monocytes internalize and inhibit growth ofAspergillus fumigatusconidia
Authors: Schiefermeier-Mach Natalia , Haller Thomas , Geley Stephan , Perkhofer Susanne 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMonocytes are important players to combat ubiquitously present fungusAspergillus fumigatus. Recruitment of monocytes to sites of fungal infection was shownin vivo, and purified murine and human blood monocytes are able to induce inflammatory and fungicidal mediators as well as the host cell and the fungal transcriptional responses upon exposure toA.fumigatus. Mononuclear tissue phagocytes are phenotypically and functionally different from those circulating in the blood and their role in antifungal defences is much less understood.In this study, we identified a population of migratingCD43+ monocytes in cells isolated from rat distal lungs. These cells phenotypically different from alveolar macrophages, showed clearly distinct locomotory behaviour on the surface of primary alveolar cells resembling previously described endothelial patrolling. TheCD43+ monocytes internalized liveA.fumigatusconidia resulting in inhibition of conidial germination and hyphal growth. Thus, migrating lung monocytes might play an important role in local defence against pulmonary pathogens.
An analysis of globalisation in international business research 1993–2018: rise of the sceptics
Authors: Dabic Marina , Maley Jane , Novak Ivan 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The rise of the global economy has been an essential element in the international business (IB) agenda since the 1980s, and the topic of globalisation has not failed to captivate the attention of IB researchers and practitioners alike. Globalisation has impacted on such diverse issues as trade relations, geopolitical boundaries, social class, human rights, environmental commitments, religion, ethnicity, sovereignty and conservation of culture. The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of the current state of IB research on the topic of globalisation and to guide researchers who are new to IB research as to which journals and authors to consult when studying this phenomenon.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper presents a bibliometric analysis using the Web of Science database. A multiple correspondence analysis provides a map of keywords and authors, as well as a framework to track the globalisation literature over the 26-year period, 1993–2018.

Findings
The findings identify several fundamental themes and significant gaps in the extant literature; the most alarming gap centres around the effect of globalisation on social issues and, consequently, the rise of the anti-globalisation crusaders.

Research limitations/implications
The literature review produced 529 articles listed only in the Web of Science Core Collection in the period 1993–2018.

Practical implications
A distinctive contribution of this study is that it investigates the intersection between globalisation and IB. This paper seeks to expose the intellectual structure of globalisation research, identify existing and emerging themes of globalisation research and discuss future research streams.

Social implications
The findings show the rise of the globalisation sceptic and reveal the mounting concerns regarding the unequal benefits of globalisation.

Originality/value
There are two key benefits of this review. First, the theory extends by identifying a swing from an alignment with the transformationalist theory to sceptical theory. Second, the review has the potential to guide scholars on precisely what needs to be explored in IB globalisation research.
Plasma generation optimization: a new physically-based metaheuristic algorithm for solving constrained optimization problems
Authors: Kaveh Ali , Akbari Hossein , Hosseini Seyed Milad 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to present a new physically inspired meta-heuristic algorithm, which is called Plasma Generation Optimization (PGO). To evaluate the performance and capability of the proposed method in comparison to other optimization methods, two sets of test problems consisting of 13 constrained benchmark functions and 6 benchmark trusses are investigated numerically. The results indicate that the performance of the proposed method is competitive with other considered state-of-the-art optimization methods.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, a new physically-based metaheuristic algorithm called plasma generation optimization (PGO) algorithm is developed for solving constrained optimization problems. PGO is a population-based optimizer inspired by the process of plasma generation. In the proposed algorithm, each agent is considered as an electron. Movement of electrons and changing their energy levels are based on simulating excitation, de-excitation and ionization processes occurring through the plasma generation. In the proposed PGO, the global optimum is obtained when plasma is generated with the highest degree of ionization.

Findings
A new physically-based metaheuristic algorithm called the PGO algorithm is developed that is inspired from the process of plasma generation.

Originality/value
The results indicate that the performance of the proposed method is competitive with other state-of-the-art methods.
A model of intention to use official COVID-19 websites
Authors: Sumaedi Sik , Bakti I. Gede Mahatma Yuda , Rakhmawati Tri , Astrini Nidya J. , Widianti Tri , Damayanti Sih , Massijaya M. Azwar , Jati Rahmi K. 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThis research aims to test the effects of attitude, perceived behavioral control (PBC), subjective norm and perceived quality of official coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) websites on intention to use official COVID-19 websites.Design/methodology/approachThis study collected data using an online questionnaire. It involved 120 Indonesians who used official COVID-19 websites. The data were analyzed using the multiple regression analysis.FindingsThis research found that intention to use official COVID-19 websites is significantly and positively affected by the quality of the website, attitude and subjective norm. PBC does not influence intention to use official COVID-19 websites.Research limitations/implicationsThis research was only conducted in the context of Indonesians. Furthermore, a convenience sampling technique was applied. Future research should be done in a different context with larger samples to test the generalization of this research's findings.Practical implicationsTo improve intention to use official COVID-19 websites, people must be directed to have a positive attitude toward the website. The developer must ensure the quality of the website. It is also essential to involve leaders and public figures whose opinions might be able to sway citizens to use official COVID-19 websites consistently.Originality/valueThis research is the first one of its kind that studied citizens' intention to use official COVID-19 websites.
Research on grassland ecosystem service value in China under climate change based on meta-analysis: a case study of Qinghai province
Authors: Kang Binyue , Shao Qiuyu , Xu Hengkang , Jiang Fengyan , Wei Xiaoting , Shao Xinqing 
Published: October 2020

PurposeGrassland in Qinghai as the main type of ecosystem in this region is located in arid and semi-arid areas. The ecosystem is fragile and sensitive to climate change. Grassland ecosystem not only provides essential ecological and life functions for human society but also plays a vital role in mitigating and adapting to climate change. The empirical literature on grassland ecosystem services value (ESV) does not consider the impact of climate change and regional economic development level factors, which prevents policymakers from making appropriate decisions. This paper aims to analyze the influencing factors of grassland ESV assessment, and, based on the meta-prediction model, account the grassland ESV in Qinghai province.Design/methodology/approachTo understand the value of grassland ecosystem services in China under climate change, this paper used 61 research literature on the evaluation of grassland ESV in China, including a total of 564 value observations to establish a value transfer database. Based on the meta-analysis method, this study has constructed a value transfer model, to evaluate the grassland ESV in Qinghai province, and an interpretation model, which can analyze if the independent variables affect the grassland ESV significantly.FindingsThe study finds that the evaluation methods, types of ecosystem service functions, climate change and grassland types can affect the grassland ESV significantly. Based on the meta-regression prediction model to evaluate the grassland ESV in Qinghai is US$1,542.67/ha/year. It indicates several targeted approaches to increase the grassland ESV, and climate change also has a specific impact on the value of grassland ecosystem services.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides a scientific basis for grassland management related to the development of grasslands and ecological compensation, as well as promote the sustainable development of grassland ecosystems.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the field of grassland ESV assessment in at least three aspects; first, it innovatively introduces the meta-analysis to carry out an integrated analysis of previous research results; second, it includes a broader set of influence variables in the analysis, including meteorological and economic factors; and third, it establishes a methodological basis for the field of grassland ESV accounting.
VAT on foreign digital services in Mauritius; a comparative study with South Africa
Authors: Beebeejaun Ambareen 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Value added tax (VAT) is an indirect tax that is payable upon the consumption of goods and services. Recently, the Government of Mauritius has introduced a new set of rules to extend the VAT system to non-resident providers of electronic services to consumers based in Mauritius. The purpose of this research paper is therefore to assess the adequacy and efficiency of the recent VAT amendments in terms of compliance requirements and collection measures and to identify loopholes in the present legal provisions.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodologies for the research are in essence comprised of the black letter approach which will analyse the legal provisions relating to VAT in Mauritius. A comparative analysis will also be conducted to find out the corresponding legal provisions relating to VAT on digital services in South Africa.

Findings
This research paper has highlighted some recommendations inspired by the laws of South Africa and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Based Erosion Profiting Shifting action plan which may be of use to Mauritius stakeholders when devising regulations on the imposition of VAT on foreign suppliers of digital services under Section 14B of the VAT Act.

Originality/value
To the author's best knowledge, this research paper is the first study conducted in the field of indirect taxation of foreign suppliers of digital services to residents of Mauritius.