bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New approaches to basic population ecology studies: Revealing more complex patterns of a small Characidae that inhabit streams
Authors: Corrêa Alves Diego , Paula Vasconcelos Lilian , Rossi Robson Marcelo , Lima‐Junior Sidnei E. , R. Súarez Yzel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBayesian inference was used to estimate the main population parameters (sex ratio, L50, LWR and somatic growth) and to evaluate sexual dimorphism and growth patterns (isometric/allometric and monophasic/biphasic growth) of Astyanax paranae of the Upper Paraná River. This study brings three statistical differentials: (a) the reparametrisation of the logistic model as a function of L50; (b) the reparameterisations of the LWR models based on the exponential of a piecewise linear regression to evaluate the hypotheses of polyphase growth; and (c) the first application of the recently proposed somatic growth models based only on length data to real data, as well as its expansion and generalisation. The models estimated L50 of females at 37.75 mm and sex ratio at 1.4 females per male. LWR models showed that both sexes presented biphasic growth with a lower increase in weight for males in first stanza. In second stanza, both sexes presented a greater increase in weight. Growth models showed that the growth rates were low, equal for both sexes in early life and slightly higher for females after the eighteenth months old. The studied population inhabits streams, therefore being exposed to constraining conditions that can limit the expression of their whole growth potential since they prioritise energy allocation for reproduction and survival, including reducing L50 in order to ensure the maintenance of the population. Finally, the complex biological patterns that arose from the proposed LWR and growth models demonstrated high potential and applicability for population studies.
Wittgenstein and the unity of good
Authors: Kuusela Oskari 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses the problem of the unity of moral good, concerning the kind of unity that moral good or the concept thereof constitutes. In particular, I am concerned with how Wittgenstein's identification of various complex modes of conceptual unity, and his introduction of a methodology of clarification for dealing with such complex concepts, can help with the problem of unity, as it rises from the moral philosophical tradition. Relating to this I also address the disputed question, whether Wittgenstein regards good as a family‐resemblance concept, and make an attempt to characterize family‐resemblance concepts generally by way of their similarities and differences from certain other complex modes of conceptual unity. I argue that whilst Wittgenstein does regard good as a family‐resemblance concept, in the Philosophical Investigations he seeks to make a more general methodological point. I conclude with a suggestion of how Wittgenstein's methodological points can help us to put into a broader perspective famous criticisms of the moral philosophical tradition by Michael Stocker and Bernard Williams, and how Wittgenstein's methods more generally can help to address the problem of the unity of good. This illustrates one way in which Wittgensteinian methods can help resolve disputes in moral philosophy, where the main approaches, Aristotelian, Kantian and utilitarian theories, seem to be locked in a stalemate. As I argue, this situation has to do with their assumptions about the unity of moral good. The response isn't to reject those theories, however, but to re‐interpret them in a way consistent with the Wittgensteinian methodology.
Seven‐tesla susceptibility‐weighted analysis of hippocampal venous structures: Application to magnetic‐resonance–normal focal epilepsy
Authors: Feldman Rebecca Emily , Marcuse Lara Vanessa , Verma Gaurav , Brown Stephanie Sian Gabriella , Rus Alexandru , Rutland John Watson , Delman Bradley Neil , Balchandani Priti , Fields Madeline Cara 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveVascular structures may play a significant role in epileptic pathology. Although previous attempts to characterize vasculature relative to epileptogenic zones and hippocampal sclerosis have been inconsistent, an in vivo method of analysis would assist in resolving these inconsistencies and facilitate a comparison against healthy controls in a human model. Magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive technique that provides excellent soft tissue contrast, and the relatively recent development of susceptibility‐weighted imaging has dramatically improved the visibility of small veins.MethodsWe built and tested a Hessian‐based segmentation technique, which takes advantage of the increased signal and contrast available at 7 T to detect venous structures in vivo. We investigate the ability of this technique to quantify vessels in the brain and apply it to an asymmetry analysis of vessel density in the hippocampus in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and neocortical epilepsy.ResultsVessel density was highly symmetric in the hippocampus in controls (mean asymmetry = 0.080 ± 0.076, median = 0.05027), whereas average vessel density asymmetry was greater in neocortical (mean asymmetry = 0.23 ± 0.17, median = 0.14) and MTLE (mean asymmetry = 0.37 ± 0.46, median = 0.26) patients, with the decrease in vessel density ipsilateral to the suspected seizure onset zone. Post hoc testing with one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test indicated significant differences in the group means (P < .02) between MTLE and the control group only.SignificanceAsymmetry in vessel density in the hippocampus is visible in patients with MTLE, even when qualitative and quantitative measures of hippocampal asymmetry show little volumetric difference between epilepsy patients and healthy controls.
Longitudinal life course perspectives on housing inequality in young adulthood
Authors: Coulter Rory , Bayrakdar Sait , Berrington Ann 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn many countries, there is growing public concern about the increasing difficulties that young people face in obtaining secure, affordable, high‐quality, and well‐located housing. Much of the analysis and discussion focuses on the ways in which intergenerational housing inequalities have deepened over time as young adults' fortunes have deteriorated, most obviously through declining access to homeownership. In this review, we showcase how researchers are harnessing life course theories and rich longitudinal data sets, exploiting longitudinal modelling techniques, and developing new geographical data linkages to enhance our knowledge of a broader range of housing inequalities in young adulthood. We argue that incorporating these longitudinal perspectives more fully into geographical research and teaching will foster an enriched pluralistic model of quantitative human geography that is characterised by collaboration, critical engagement with policy issues, and sensitivity to the strengths and challenges of working in an integrated fashion with varied forms of numerical data.
Not a Silk Road: trading networks between China and the Middle East as a dynamic interaction of competing Eurasian geographies
Authors: ANDERSON PAUL 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article offers a different theorization of the commercial geographies and economic networks that connect China to the Middle East from those associated with the metaphor of the ‘Silk Road’. Many accounts of the recent and ongoing internationalization of the Chinese trade in small commodities through the well‐known market city of Yiwu describe the increasingly significant flows of commerce between China and the Middle East in these terms. In this article, I propose an alternative theoretical frame, arguing that the commercial geographies fashioned by Arab traders in Yiwu are, rather, formed through a dynamic relation of competition and cooperation between a series of distinct but overlapping Eurasian political geographies which have been in process from the 1970s onwards. Analysts have also often highlighted the Muslim and Arab ethnic nature of the transnational economic networks that connect Yiwu to markets across the Middle East. But rather than adopting a network governance approach, which sees these networks as embedded in a shared culture or ethnicity that furnishes the possibility of trust, I adopt a structural analysis approach in which traders act as brokers, moving and mediating between different geographies. I argue that they act strategically to keep several contexts in play at once because they are faced with an unforeseeable future and marginal citizenship rights.
The linear imagination, stalled: changing temporal horizons in migrant journeys
Authors: AMRITH MEGHA 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, I engage with a growing interest in questions of time in the study of migration to consider how changing temporal horizons in migrant journeys play an important role in shaping multilocal migration imaginaries. I draw on two ethnographic cases with migrant care workers from the Philippines, of different generations and at different points of their migration journeys, to examine how initially held linear imaginaries of migration become confounded and stuck over time. Snapshots of migrant lives at these different points of the journey – ‘(pre)‐departures’, ‘stepping stones’, ‘settling’ – reveal how migrants’ temporal horizons shift as a consequence of changing state and political‐economic conditions, as well as migrants’ own dynamic subjective and affective engagements. New uncertainties, possibilities and dilemmas unfold and initial linear imaginaries give way instead to those that are open‐ended and asynchronous. A temporal perspective reveals that mobilities are not marked by a beginning and an end but rather involve ongoing, multiple and provisional journeys across locales and over time and the life course.
High serum angiopoietin‐2 level predicts non‐regression of liver stiffness measurement‐based liver fibrosis stage after direct‐acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C
Authors: Kawagishi Naoki , Suda Goki , Kimura Megumi , Maehara Osamu , Shimazaki Tomoe , Yamada Ren , Kitagataya Takashi , Shigesawa Taku , Suzuki Kazuharu , Nakamura Akihisa , Ohara Masatsugu , Umemura Machiko , Nakai Masato , Sho Takuya , Natsuizaka Mitsuteru , Morikawa Kenichi , Ogawa Koji , Kudo Yusuke , Nishida Mutsumi , Sakamoto Naoya 
Published: February 2020

AimFactors associated with improvement of liver fibrosis after successful hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication by interferon (IFN)‐free direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs) have been not clarified well. Angiopoietin‐2 (Ang2) is reported to be associated with vascular leak and inflammation observed in patients with advanced liver fibrosis.MethodsIn this retrospective study, patients treated with IFN‐free DAAs who underwent transient elastography before and at 24‐weeks post‐treatment and achieved sustained viral response were enrolled. Baseline serum Ang2 was measured, and its relationship with other clinical factors was analyzed. Liver fibrosis stage was defined based on liver stiffness according to a previous report. Predictive factors for regression of liver fibrosis stage after DAA therapy were evaluated.ResultsOverall, 116 patients were analyzed. Baseline serum Ang2 levels were significantly associated with liver stiffness, spleen index, and liver stiffness‐based liver fibrosis stage. Moreover, 75% of patients experienced regression of liver fibrosis stage after DAA therapy. Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced liver fibrosis stage and Ang2 levels were significantly associated with regression of liver fibrosis stage after DAA therapy. In patients with advanced liver fibrosis (F3/4), baseline Ang2 level alone could predict regression of liver fibrosis stage. A baseline Ang2 cut‐off value (354 pg/ML) could predict regression of liver fibrosis stage after DAA therapy with high accuracy (sensitivity 0.882, specificity 0.733).ConclusionsEvaluation of serum Ang2 levels before DAA therapy is important. Our results provide a novel mechanistic insight into non‐regression of liver stiffness after DAA therapy.Long‐term and larger studies are required.
Acute intense exercise improves sleep and decreases next morning consumption of energy‐dense food in adolescent girls with obesity and evening chronotype
Authors: Saidi Oussama , Rochette Emmanuelle , Bovet Mathieu , Merlin Etienne , Duché Pascale 
Published: February 2020

SummaryBackgroundAlthough adolescence and obesity are related to impaired sleep duration and quality, exercise was admitted as a nonpharmacological treatment for sleep and better control of energy balance.ObjectivesTo investigate the acute effects of intense exercise on sleep and subsequent dietary intake.MethodsSixteen adolescent girls with obesity (age 13.7 ± 1.1 years, weight 82.7 ± 10.2 kg, body mass index (BMI) 30.5 ± 3.4 kg/m2, fat mass (FM) 39.2 ± 3.1%, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) 8.6 ± 2.8, paediatric daytime sleepiness scale (PDSS) 19.6 ± 5.9) took part in two experimental sessions in a random order: Control (CTL) and Exercise (EX). The two sessions were identical except for a continuous ergocycle exercise bout lasting 40 minutes and performed at 70% VO2max at the end of the morning of EX. Energy expenditure and sleep were measured by accelerometry and next‐morning dietary intake in an ad libitum meal.ResultsHigher sleep duration (P < 0.03) and quality (decreased WASO: P < 0.02; increased SE%: P < 0.02) were observed in EX compared with CTL. This was associated with a nonsignificant decrease in caloric intake (−78 kcal) and a significant decrease in food energy density (P < 0.04), fat, and sugar consumption (respectively, P < 0.02 and P < 0.05) the following morning.ConclusionsAcute exercise efficaciously increased sleep duration and quality, resulting in a decrease in subsequent energy‐dense food consumption in adolescent girls with obesity.
Reducing online application redundancy: Effects on applicant attrition and quality
Authors: Hartwell Christopher J. , Orr Tyler E. , Edwards John M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractJob applications have long been a staple of the hiring process and online applications have rapidly become the new norm. The ability to examine applicant attrition—those who start the application but do not finish—and applicant quality are the two benefits of online applications. This study evaluates the effect of reducing application redundancy (not making applicants re‐enter information contained on their resumes) on applicant attrition and quality, with hypotheses derived from signaling theory and economics (cost/benefits). Results demonstrate that reducing redundancy leads to a reduction in applicant attrition across jobs, with the largest magnitude of change found in computer‐related jobs. This reduced attrition does not reduce applicant quality and some evidence suggests that applicant quality may even increase.
Control of regulatory T‐cell differentiation and function by T‐cell receptor signalling and Foxp3 transcription factor complexes
Authors: Ono Masahiro 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe transcription factor Foxp3 controls the differentiation and function of regulatory T‐cells (Treg). Studies in the past decades identified numerous Foxp3‐interacting protein partners. However, it is still not clear how Foxp3 produces the Treg‐type transcriptomic landscape through cooperating with its partners. Here I show the current understanding of how Foxp3 transcription factor complexes regulate the differentiation, maintenance and functional maturation of Treg. Importantly, T‐cell receptor (TCR) signalling plays central roles in Treg differentiation and Foxp3‐mediated gene regulation. Differentiating Treg will have recognized their cognate antigens and received TCR signals before initiating Foxp3 transcription, which is triggered by TCR‐induced transcription factors including NFAT, AP‐1 and NF‐κB. Once expressed, Foxp3 seizes TCR signal‐induced transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms through interacting with AML1/Runx1 and NFAT. Thus, Foxp3 modifies gene expression dynamics of TCR‐induced genes, which constitute cardinal mechanisms for Treg‐mediated immune suppression. Next, I discuss the following key topics, proposing new mechanistic models for Foxp3‐mediated gene regulation: (i) how Foxp3 transcription is induced and maintained by the Foxp3‐inducing enhanceosome and the Foxp3 autoregulatory transcription factor complex; (ii) molecular mechanisms for effector Treg differentiation (i.e. Treg maturation); (iii) how Foxp3 activates or represses its target genes through recruiting coactivators and corepressors; (iv) the ‘decision‐making’ Foxp3‐containing transcription factor complex for Th17 and Treg differentiation; and (v) the roles of post‐translational modification in Foxp3 regulation. Thus, this article provides cutting‐edge understanding of molecular biology of Foxp3 and Treg, integrating findings by biochemical and genomic studies.
How 15‐month‐old infants process morphologically complex forms in an agglutinative language?
Authors: Ladányi Enikő , Kovács Ágnes M. , Gervain Judit 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhile phonological development is well‐studied in infants, we know less about morphological development. Previous studies suggest that infants around one year of age can process words analytically (i.e., they can decompose complex forms to a word stem and its affixes) in morphologically simpler languages such as English and French. The current study explored whether 15‐month‐old infants learning Hungarian, a morphologically complex, agglutinative language with vowel harmony, are able to decompose words into a word stem and a suffix. Potential differences between analytical processing of complex forms with back versus front vowels were also studied. The results of Experiment 1 indicate that Hungarian infants process morphologically complex words analytically when they contain a frequent suffix. Analytic processing is present both in the case of complex forms with back and front vowels according to the results of Experiment 2. In light of the results, we argue for the potential relevance of the early development of analytic processing for language development.
Characteristics of hospitalizations with an influenza diagnosis, France, 2012‐2013 to 2016‐2017 influenza seasons
Authors: Pivette Mathilde , Nicolay Nathalie , de Lauzun Virginie , Hubert Bruno 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundEstimating the global burden of influenza hospitalizations is required to allocate resources and assess interventions that aim to prevent severe influenza. In France, the current routine influenza surveillance system does not fully measure the burden of severe influenza cases. The objective was to describe the characteristics and severity of influenza hospitalizations by age‐group and by season between 2012 and 2017.MethodsAll hospitalizations with a diagnosis of influenza in metropolitan France between July 2012 and June 2017 were extracted from the French national hospital discharge database (PMSI). For each season, the total number of influenza hospitalizations, admissions to intensive care units (ICU), proportion of deaths, lengths of stay, and distribution in diagnosis‐related groups were described by age‐group.ResultsOver the five seasons, 91 255 hospitalizations with a diagnosis of influenza were identified. The average influenza hospitalization rate varied from 13/100 000 in 2013‐2014 to 46/100 000 in 2016‐2017. A high rate was observed in elderlies during the 2014‐2015 and 2016‐2017 seasons, dominated by A(H3N2) virus. The youngest were impacted in 2015‐2016, dominated by B/Victoria virus. The proportion of influenza hospitalizations with ICU admission was 10%, and was higher in age‐group 40‐79 years. The proportion of deaths and length of stay increased with age.ConclusionsThe description of influenza hospitalizations recorded in the PMSI give key information on the burden of severe influenza in France. Analyses of these data annually is valuable in order to document the severity of influenza hospitalizations by age‐group and according to the circulating influenza viruses.
Viscoelastic behaviors and drying kinetics of different aqueous gelcasting systems for large Nd: YAG laser ceramics rods
Authors: Yao Qing , Zhang Le , Gao Pan , Sun Bingheng , Shao Cen , Ma Yuelong , Zhou Tianyuan , Li Ming , Chen Hao , Wang Yun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLarge and nondeforming Nd: YAG ceramic prepared by wet forming is of great importance as gain medium to obtain high‐power solid‐state lasers. However, it is difficult to achieve high‐quality laser ceramics due to insufficiency of the in‐depth understanding of transformation mechanism of gels viscoelasticity and effective control means during drying process. In this work, the rheological behaviors, viscoelastic characteristics, and mechanical strengths in classical acrylamide (AM) and novel Isobam (PIBM) gelcastings were systematically compared to explore the suitable route for the large‐sized 2% Nd: YAG transparent ceramics with high aspect ratio (>10). AM system exhibited a higher complex viscosity (1.82 × 105 Pa s), a shorter gel time (92.9 seconds), and a higher flexural strength (about 24.46 MPa) than PIBM system, and especially its ability to quickly gel was beneficial to the homogeneity of green body. In addition, the order of drying rates of wet gels in four drying media was observed as follows: 55℃ hot air> ethanol> solid desiccant> PEG‐11000 and the moisture diffusion coefficients were calculated and simulated to offer the deep consideration of drying kinetics. The “ethanol + 55℃ hot air” was regarded as an effective composite drying method to eliminate defect and to achieve φ8 mm × 160 mm Nd: YAG ceramic with the in‐line transmittance of 83% @1064 nm. Therefore, not only the cognition of gel process, but also the defects control strategy is proposed. More importantly, this work greatly promotes the application of wet forming and laser ceramics in high‐power lasers.
Self‐assembled patterned CoFe2O4‐SrRuO3 electrodes: Enhanced functional properties by polar nano‐regions reorientation
Authors: Tang Xiao , Gao Min , Luo Haosu , Li Jiefang , Viehland Dwight D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEpitaxial CoFe2O4 (CFO) and SrRuO3 (SRO) nanopillar heterostructures were deposited on Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.70Ti0.30O3 (PMN‐30PT) single crystal substrates by switch pulsed laser deposition (SPLD). Since the CFO nanopillars are insulating, and the SRO matrix conductive, this self‐assembled nanopillar heterostructure served as a patterned electrode on PMN‐PT, which then enhances the dielectric and piezoelectric constant of the substrate. Cross‐sectional electron microscopy images revealed the formation of a nanopillar heterostructure layer with CFO nanopillars within a SRO matrix. AFM and XRD revealed good topography and epitaxy, indicating a high quality SRO‐CFO self‐assembled nanopillar structure. Using a SRO‐CFO thin film patterned electrode, PMN‐PT was found to have a notably higher (30%) dielectric constant with increasing electric field and enhanced transverse broadening in reciprocal spacing mapping (RSM) scans.
Is pulmonary vein isolation enough for persistent atrial fibrillation?
Authors: Terricabras Maria , Verma Atul 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is a well‐established treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF); however, studies report suboptimal outcomes in persistent AF. Adjuvant ablation targeting the substrate outside the pulmonary veins has been proposed to improve the success rates of the procedure. In this review, we summarize the current evidence regarding additional ablation over PVI in persistent AF. We describe the different approaches for adjuvant ablation, outcomes, and future perspectives.