bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graded Coexpression of Ion Channel, Neurofilament, and Synaptic Genes in Fast-Spiking Vestibular Nucleus Neurons
Authors: Kodama Takashi , Gittis Aryn H. , Shin Minyoung , Kelleher Keith , Kolkman Kristine E. , McElvain Lauren , Lam Minh , du Lac Sascha 
Published: November 2019

Computations that require speed and temporal precision are implemented throughout the nervous system by neurons capable of firing at very high rates, rapidly encoding and transmitting a rich amount of information, but with substantial metabolic and physical costs. For economical fast spiking and high throughput information processing, neurons need to optimize multiple biophysical properties in parallel, but the mechanisms of this coordination remain unknown. We hypothesized that coordinated gene expression may underlie the coordinated tuning of the biophysical properties required for rapid firing and signal transmission. Taking advantage of the diversity of fast-spiking cell types in the medial vestibular nucleus of mice of both sexes, we examined the relationship between gene expression, ionic currents, and neuronal firing capacity. Across excitatory and inhibitory cell types, genes encoding voltage-gated ion channels responsible for depolarizing and repolarizing the action potential were tightly coexpressed, and their absolute expression levels increased with maximal firing rate. Remarkably, this coordinated gene expression extended to neurofilaments and specific presynaptic molecules, providing a mechanism for coregulating axon caliber and transmitter release to match firing capacity. These findings suggest the presence of a module of genes, which is coexpressed in a graded manner and jointly tunes multiple biophysical properties for economical differentiation of firing capacity. The graded tuning of fast-spiking capacity by the absolute expression levels of specific ion channels provides a counterexample to the widely held assumption that cell-type-specific firing patterns can be achieved via a vast combination of different ion channels.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough essential roles of fast-spiking neurons in various neural circuits have been widely recognized, it remains unclear how neurons efficiently coordinate the multiple biophysical properties required to maintain high rates of action potential firing and transmitter release. Taking advantage of diverse fast-firing capacities among medial vestibular nucleus neurons of mice, we identify a group of ion channel, synaptic, and structural genes that exhibit mutually correlated expression levels, which covary with firing capacity. Coexpression of this fast-spiking gene module may be a basic strategy for neurons to efficiently and coordinately tune the speed of action potential generation and propagation and transmitter release at presynaptic terminals.
Identification of exosomal miRNA biomarkers for diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer by small RNA sequencing
Authors: Dai Daofeng , Tan Yawen , Guo Liangfeng , Tang Aifa , Zhao Yongsheng 
Published: November 2019

Context
Exosomal miRNAs are considered potential non-invasive biomarkers for thyroid cancer. However, the global exosomal miRNAs profile for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has not been revealed.

Objective
This study investigated the diagnostic value of plasma and serum exosomal miRNAs for PTC.

Methods
Plasma and serum samples were collected from ten patients with benign thyroid nodules and 17 with PTC for small RNA sequencing. Plasma samples were collected from two independent cohorts, including 119 patients with PTC, 51 healthy people and 82 patients with benign thyroid nodules, for validation by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).

Results
Small RNA sequencing identified 41 putative exosomal miRNA biomarkers for PTC. Twelve miRNAs were selected for validation. miR-376a-3p, miR-4306, miR-4433a-5p, and miR-485-3p expression significantly increased in patients with PTC compared to that in healthy people and patients with benign thyroid nodules (P ˂ 0.05). Moreover, miR-485-3p and miR-4433a-5p presented larger areas under the curve (AUCs). The high expression of exosomal miR-485-3p correlated with tumor size greater than or equal to 1 cm, advanced clinical stage, extrathyroidal extension, BRAF mutation, and lymph node metastasis. Besides, miR-485-3p exhibited the highest AUCs in diagnosing PTC patients with high-risk factors.

Conclusions
Plasma exosomal miR-485-3p and miR-4433a-5p might serve as biomarkers for PTC diagnosis. Plasma exosomal miR-485-3p could enable discrimination between high-risk and low-risk PTC.
Differences in the link between insulin sensitivity and ectopic fat in men of Black African and White European ethnicity
Authors: Bello Oluwatoyosi , Ladwa Meera , Hakim Olah , Marathe Chinmay , Shojaee-Moradie Fariba , Charles-Edwards Geoff , Peacock Janet L , Umpleby A Margot , Amiel Stephanie A , Goff Louise M 
Published: November 2019

Objectives
In men of black west African (BAM) and white European (WEM) ethnicity, we aimed to (1) compare adipose tissue, peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity and (2) investigate associations between ectopic fat and insulin sensitivity by ethnicity.

Design and methods
In overweight BAM (n = 21) and WEM (n = 23) with normal glucose tolerance, we performed a two-step hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp with infusion of [6,6 2H2]-glucose and [2H5]-glycerol to measure whole body, peripheral, hepatic and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity (lipolysis). Visceral adipose tissue (VAT), intrahepatic lipids (IHL) and intramyocellular (IMCL) lipids were measured using MRI and spectroscopy. Associations between insulin sensitivity and ectopic fat were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient by ethnicity and regression analysis.

Results
There were no ethnic differences in whole body or tissue-specific insulin sensitivity (all P
> 0.05). Suppression of lipolysis was inversely associated with VAT and IHL in WEM but not BAM (VAT: WEM r = −0.68, P < 0.01; BAM r = 0.07, P = 0.79. IHL: WEM r = −0.52, P = 0.01; BAM r = −0.12, P = 0.63). IMCL was inversely associated with skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in WEM but not BAM (WEM r = −0.56, P < 0.01; BAM r = −0.09, P = 0.75) and IHL was inversely associated with hepatic insulin sensitivity in WEM but not BAM (WEM r = −0.53, P = 0.02; BAM r = −0.13, P = 0.62).

Conclusions
Ectopic fat deposition may play a lesser role in reducing insulin sensitivity in men of black African ethnicity and may not be driven by lipolysis. Resistance to storing VAT, IHL and IMCL may enable men of black African ethnicity to maintain comparable insulin sensitivity to white Europeans.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for the Assessment of Sarcopenia in Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aleixo Gabriel F.P. , Shachar Shlomit S. , Nyrop Kirsten A. , Muss Hyman B. , Battaglini Claudio L. , Williams Grant R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
The loss of muscle mass, known as sarcopenia, is a natural process of aging that is associated with adverse health outcomes regardless of age. Because cancer is a disease of aging, interest in sarcopenia and its potential impact in multiple cancer populations has increased significantly. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a guideline-accepted method for sarcopenia detection. This systematic review assesses the literature pertaining to BIA use in the detection of sarcopenia in adults with cancer.

Materials and Methods
In this systematic review, a search of the literature for randomized controlled trials and observational studies was conducted using MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and EMBASE, through July 15, 2019. The study is registered at Prospero (CRD 42019130707). For study inclusion, patients had to be aged 18 years or older and diagnosed with solid or hematological neoplasia, and BIA had to be used to detect sarcopenia.

Results
Through our search strategy, 5,045 articles were identified, of which 24 studies were selected for inclusion in the review (total number of 3,607 patients). In five studies, BIA was rated comparable to axial computed tomography (CT) scan, calf circumference, or grip strength for sarcopenia screening. In 14 studies, BIA-identified sarcopenia was associated with adverse clinical outcomes.

Conclusion
BIA is an accurate method for detecting sarcopenia in adults with cancer prior to treatment and is a viable alternative to CT, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and magnetic resonance imaging in oncology clinical practice.
Meyer dysplasia in children’s connective-tissue disorders phenotype (the results of observation in the Municipal Children’s Polyclinic №2, Stavropol city)
Authors: Vorotnikov A. A. , Zakota D. Y. , Saneeva G. A. , Airapetov G. A. 
Published: November 2019

Aim. The research of the prevalence, nosological structure, clinical presentations, and pathogenetic features of different forms of coxal epiphyseal pathology including Meyer dysplasia in small children based on the results of clinical and instrumental observation on outpatient orthopedic admission.
Material and methods. In 12,000 children from 0 to 5 years, an orthopedic examination was conducted with an assessment of external dysmorphogenetic signs of connective tissue dysplasia, an ultrasonic examination of hip joints, an in-depth X-ray examination. The step-by-step examination algorithm was structured and detailed according to the presence and severity of the coxal region pathology, childrens age.
Conclusion. The combination of dysplastic phenotype with joints formation inhibition in children aged 1 year is a predictor of Mayers dysplasia and must be the reason for a detailed examination of the hip joints with use of visual diagnostic methods.
Sensitivity Analysis for Finite‐Difference Seismic Basin Modeling: A Case Study for Kinburn Basin, Ottawa, Canada
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Amin , Motazedian Dariush 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe used a finite‐difference modeling method to investigate the sensitivity of the ground‐motion simulation results to the main input parameters, including the source model, regional path properties, and local site conditions. We used a spectral frequency range of 0.1–1 Hz for the Kinburn bedrock topographic basin, Ottawa, Canada, for the Ladysmith earthquake (Mw 4.7).Some findings are known facts; however, the unique geophysical conditions in the Ottawa area, such as the high contrast between the shear‐wave velocities of the bedrock and the shear‐wave velocity of the soil, were the reason for a comprehensive sensitivity analysis. Using a Gaussian source function with a short half‐duration increased the peak ground velocities (PGVs) and the amplitude of the velocity Fourier spectrum. Relaxation times and relaxation coefficients for the viscoelastic simulation significantly increased the amplitude of later arrivals at the soil site, which, consequently, led to an increase in PGV, the amplitude of the pseudospectral acceleration (PSA) ratio, and the velocity Fourier spectrum for a small earthquake. Employing a small soil Q model damped a significant amount of energy of the waves in the basin; thus, PGV, the PSA of soil to rock ratios, and the velocity Fourier spectrum were dependent on the soil Q model. Also, using a high‐velocity contrast between soil and rock increased PGVs and the amplitude of the PSA of the soil to rock ratios, whereas the frequency content of the waves shifted toward lower frequencies. Using a finite‐fault source model for a scenario large earthquake (Mw 7) significantly reduced the PGV values relative to a point‐source model. Using nonlinear‐viscoelastic simulation for a large earthquake (Mw 7) reduced the amplitude of the later arrivals and the amplitude of the PSA of the soil to rock ratios, and shifted the frequency content of waves toward lower frequency.
Spatial Distribution of Radiated Seismic Energy of Three Aftershocks Sequences at Guerrero, Mexico, Subduction Zone
Authors: Plata‐Martínez Raymundo , Pérez‐Campos Xyoli , Singh Shri Krishna 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGeneral characteristics of seismic energy release of thrust earthquakes in Mexico have been reviewed in the past; however, a detailed analysis can contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms that control its distribution along the Guerrero, Mexico, subduction zone. To address it, we obtain the source spectra of the 2012 Mw 7.5 Ometepec‐Pinotepa Nacional, the 2014 Mw 7.2 Papanoa, and the 2018 Mw 7.2 Pinotepa Nacional earthquakes, as well as of their M≥4.0 aftershocks to estimate their seismic moment M0 and radiated seismic energy ES. The first and the last sequences occurred at the southern border of the Guerrero seismic gap, a region where no significant earthquake (M>7.0) has occurred at least in the last century; whereas the second sequence was located at the northern edge of the same seismic gap. The mean value of the log of radiated seismic energy scaled with the seismic moment, log(e˜)=log(ES/M0), for this set of earthquakes is −5.05±0.25. We classify the analyzed events into four regions, two in the southern edge of the gap and two in the northern one. At both ends, there is one region that shows regular values of log(e˜) (−4.64±0.25 and −4.62±0.25), whereas the other one shows low values of log(e˜) (−5.40±0.25 and −5.55±0.25) that could be related to a possible slow‐rupture behavior. These last regions are identified near the trench at southern Guerrero coast and immediately outside the northern end of the seismic gap. The distribution of log(e˜) is spatially heterogeneous along the trench, suggesting variations on the shear strength and coupling at the interface.
Well-being and College Success of Undergraduate Students
Authors: Kovich Melissa K. , Simpson Vicki L. 
Published: November 2019

Background: In order to build a culture of well-being among students in post-secondary academic communities, an assessment of current well-being and related factors is necessary. Common barriers to optimal well-being may include stress, anxiety, and depression in college students. Low levels of well-being have been associated with higher levels of impaired academic performance. Aim: Explore the relationship between academic success and time spent performing well-being activities. Methods: Seligman’s Well-Being Theory was used to guide this study. The relationship between well-being and academic success of undergraduate students at a large Midwestern university (N = 5008) was evaluated using data from a 278 item 2018 Student Experience at a Research University (SERU) survey. Measures of academic success included late assignments, going to class unprepared, and skipping class. Measures of well-being included time spent in: physical exercise, spiritual practice, community service, and club participation; time with family and friends were also included. Results: Pearson Chi-Square analysis revealed a total of five significant relationships between well-being activities and late assignments, being unprepared for class, and skipping class at α=.05. Conclusions: Further research is needed to understand the relationship between well-being and academic success to guide development of strategies to support well-being in university students.
Conventional Versus Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene in Primary Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Partridge Thomas C.J. , Baker Paul N. , Jameson Simon S. , Mason James , Reed Mike R. , Deehan David J. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
There is evidence to support the use of highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. However, the benefits for those undergoing total knee arthroplasty are uncertain, with conflicting reports based on previous cohort analyses. The purpose of the present study was to compare the revision rates following primary total knee arthroplasty with use of HXLPE as compared with conventional polyethylene (CPE) using data from the National Joint Registry (NJR) for England, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective analysis of primary total knee arthroplasties recorded in the NJR from 2003 to 2014. Cobalt-chromium (CoCr)-CPE and CoCr-HXLPE bearing surfaces were compared using all-cause revision, aseptic revision, and septic revision as end points. Survival analyses were conducted using rates per 100 years observed, Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, and Cox regression hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, body mass index (BMI), lead surgeon grade, and implant constraint. Secondary analyses compared the most commonly used HXLPEs (Zimmer Prolong, DePuy XLK, and Stryker X3) against CPE for the 3 most common total knee arthroplasty systems (NexGen, PFC Sigma, and Triathlon).

Results:
In the present study of 550,658 total knee arthroplasties, the unadjusted aseptic revision rates were significantly lower following procedures performed with CPE (n = 513,744) as compared with those performed with HXLPE total knee replacements (n = 36,914) (0.29 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.28 to 0.30] compared to 0.38 [95% CI, 0.35 to 0.42], p < 0.01). The 10-year HR associated with CPE was 0.4 (95% CI, 0.1 to 0.8, p = 0.03). There were no significant differences between the adjusted revision rates of HXPLE compared with CPE in individual analyses of the most common total knee arthroplasty systems. However, for the subset of patients who were both <60 years of age and had a BMI of >35 kg/m2, the “second-generation” Stryker X3 HXLPE demonstrated significantly better survival than its respective CPE, with CPE having an HR of 2.6 (95% CI, 1.2 to 5.9) (p = 0.02).

Conclusions:
Alternative bearings are marketed as having improved wear properties over traditional CoCr-CPE. This registry-based analysis demonstrated no overall survival benefit of HXLPE after a maximum duration of follow-up of 12 years. Because of their increased cost, the routine use of HXLPE bearings may not be justified. However, they may have a role in specific “higher demand” groups such as patients <60 years of age and/or those with a BMI of >35 kg/m2.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete list of levels of evidence.
Variation in the Cost of Care for Different Types of Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Carducci Michael P. , Gasbarro Gregory , Menendez Mariano E. , Mahendraraj Kuhan A. , Mattingly David A. , Talmo Carl , Jawa Andrew 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Lower-extremity arthroplasty constitutes the largest burden on health-care spending of any Medicare diagnosis group. Demand for upper extremity arthroplasty also continues to rise. It is necessary to better understand costs as health care shifts toward a bundled-payment accounting approach. We aimed (1) to identify whether variation exists in total cost for different types of joint arthroplasty, and, if so, (2) to determine which cost parameters drive this variation.

Methods:
The cost of the episode of inpatient care for 22,215 total joint arthroplasties was calculated by implementing time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) at a single orthopaedic specialty hospital from 2015 to 2018. Implant price, supply costs, personnel costs, and length of stay for total knee, total hip, anatomic total shoulder, reverse total shoulder, total elbow, and total ankle arthroplasty were analyzed. Individual cost parameters were compared with total cost and volume.

Results:
Higher implant cost appeared to correlate with higher total costs and represented 53.8% of the total cost for an inpatient care cycle. Total knee arthroplasty was the least-expensive and highest-volume procedure, whereas total elbow arthroplasty had the lowest volume and highest cost (1.65 times more than that of total knee arthroplasty). Length of stay was correlated with increased personnel cost but did not have a significant effect on total cost.

Conclusions:
Total inpatient cost at our orthopaedic specialty hospital varied by up to a factor of 1.65 between different fields of arthroplasty. The highest-volume procedures—total knee and hip arthroplasty—were the least expensive, driven predominantly by lower implant purchase prices.

Clinical Relevance:
We are not aware of any previous studies that have accurately compared cost structures across upper and lower-extremity arthroplasty with a uniform methodology. The present study, because of its uniform accounting process, provides reliable data that will allow clinicians to better understand cost relationships between different procedures.
Variation in both host defense and prior herbivory can alter plant-vector-virus interactions
Authors: Shi Xiaobin , Preisser Evan L. , Liu Baiming , Pan Huipeng , Xiang Min , Xie Wen , Wang Shaoli , Wu Qingjun , Li Chuanyou , Liu Yong , Zhou Xuguo , Zhang Youjun 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: While virus-vector-host interactions have been a major focus of both basic and applied ecological research, little is known about how different levels of plant defense interact with prior herbivory to affect these relationships. We used genetically-modified strains of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) varying in the jasmonic acid (JA) plant defense pathways to explore how plant defense and prior herbivory affects a plant virus (tomato yellow leaf curl virus , 'TYLCV'), its vector (the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MED), and the host.
Results: Virus-free MED preferred low-JA over high-JA plants and had lower fitness on high-JA plants. Viruliferous MED preferred low-JA plants but their survival was unaffected by JA levels. While virus-free MED did not lower plant JA levels, viruliferous MED decreased both JA levels and the expression of JA-related genes. Infestation by viruliferous MED reduced plant JA levels . In preference tests, neither virus-free nor viruliferous MED discriminated among JA-varying plants previously exposed to virus-free MED. However, both virus-free and viruliferous MED preferred low-JA plant genotypes when choosing between plants that had both been previously exposed to viruliferous MED. The enhanced preference for low-JA genotypes appears linked to the volatile compound neophytadiene, which was found only in whitefly-infested plants and at concentrations inversely related to plant JA levels.
Conclusions: Our findings illustrate how plant defense can interact with prior herbivory to affect both a plant virus and its whitefly vector, and confirm the induction of neophytadiene by MED. The apparent attraction of MED to neophytadiene may prove useful in pest detection and management.