bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency‐Multiplexed Complex‐Amplitude Meta‐Devices Based on Bispectral 2‐Bit Coding Meta‐Atoms
Authors: Xie Rensheng , Xin Minbo , Chen Shiguo , Zhang Dajun , Wang Xiong , Zhai Guohua , Gao Jianjun , An Sensong , Zheng Bowen , Zhang Hualiang , Ding Jun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMeta‐devices have attracted great interest due to the unprecedented capabilities of manipulating wavefronts. Complex‐amplitude hologram can provide high‐quality images that can be free of ghost images and undesired diffraction orders. However, conventional meta‐holograms usually operate at a single band with phase‐only modulation. Here, a reflective 2‐bit meta‐hologram is proposed to operate with independent complex‐amplitude modulations at two frequency bands. The high‐efficiency meta‐atom is composed of a top perforated metallic layer, on which two C‐shape split ring resonators (CSRRs) are located in the centers of a circular hole and an annular slot. By tuning the sizes of the two CSRRs, dual‐band 2‐bit phase modulations can be individually achieved, while the amplitude profile can be continuously tailored at each band by rotating the corresponding CSRR without affecting the phase responses. Based on this emerging meta‐atom, a dual‐band bifocal metalens is demonstrated numerically and a bispectral meta‐hologram is validated both numerically and experimentally at two widely used communication bands. The proposed method features all desirable advantages of the coding metasurfaces with extra degrees of freedom by providing independent frequency control and amplitude modulation, which can provide great opportunities in multifunctional applications with enhanced performance and boosted information capacity.
Three Birds with One Stone: K2SiF6:Mn4+ Single Crystal Phosphors for High‐Power and Laser‐Driven Lighting
Authors: Zhou Yayun , Yu Changkai , Song Enhai , Wang Yuanjing , Ming Hong , Xia Zhiguo , Zhang Qinyuan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNarrow‐band red‐emitting fluoride phosphors play a crucial role in lighting and backlight displays, whereas the stability issue is a major challenge. Here, highly stable K2SiF6:Mn4+ (KSFM) single crystal phosphors with tunable sizes (20–1000 µm) are grown by a facile saturated crystallization method. The small specific surface area together with the unique Mn4+‐rare interface layer in KSFM single crystals enables the simultaneous fulfillment of high external quantum efficiency, excellent moisture, improved thermal quenching, and dissipation for high‐power and laser‐driven lighting applications. As a prototype, a warm white laser diode device with a high luminous flux of 202.7 lm and correlated color temperature of 3277 K, as well as a color rendering index of 87.9 is presented. This work provides new insights into the development of highly efficient and stable materials for advanced lighting applications.
Filter‐Free Band‐Selective Organic Photodetectors
Authors: Lan Zhaojue , Lau Ying Suet , Wang Yiwen , Xiao Zuo , Ding Liming , Luo Dan , Zhu Furong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe present band‐selective photodetection is realized by incorporating different optical filters with broadband photodetectors (PDs). However, the use of the optical filters reduces the overall PD sensitivity. This work reports on the effort to develop high‐performance filter‐free band‐selective organic photodetectors (OPDs) having a heterostructure photoactive layer architecture, comprising a semiconducting shorter‐wavelength light depletion layer and a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layer with an extended absorption to longer wavelengths. The filter‐free band‐selective photodetection is realized by adjusting the difference in wavelengths between the transmission cut‐off wavelength of the semiconducting light depletion layer and the absorption edge of the BHJ layer. For example, a filter‐free visible‐blind near‐infrared OPD, with a spectral rejection ratio of 100, a high responsivity of 0.39 A W−1, a high −3 dB cutoff frequency of 80 kHz, and a fast response time of ≈7 µs, is demonstrated, offering an exciting option for a plethora of applications in imaging and light communications.
Atlas of Musculoskeletal Stem Cells with the Soft and Hard Tissue Differentiation Architecture
Authors: Yin Zi , Lin Junxin , Yan Ruojin , Liu Richun , Liu Mengfei , Zhou Bo , Zhou Wenyan , An Chengrui , Chen Yangwu , Hu Yejun , Fan Chunmei , Zhao Kun , Wu Bingbing , Zou Xiaohui , Zhang Jin , El‐Hashash Ahmed H. , Chen Xiao , Ouyang Hongwei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough being of utmost importance for human health and mobility, stem cell identity and hierarchical organization of musculoskeletal progenitors remain largely unexplored. Here, cells from E10.5, E12.5, and E15.5 murine limbs are analyzed by high throughput single‐cell RNA sequencing to illustrate the cellular architecture during limb development. Single‐cell transcriptional profiling demonstrates the identity and differentiation architecture of musculoskeletal stem cells (MSSC), soft and hard tissue progenitors through expression pattern of musculoskeletal markers (scleraxis [Scx], Hoxd13, Sox9, and Col1a1). This is confirmed by genetic in vivo lineage tracing. Moreover, single‐cell analyses of Scx knockout mice tissues illustrates that Scx regulates MSSC self‐renewal and proliferation potential. A high‐throughput and low‐cost multi‐tissues RNA sequencing strategy further provides evidence that musculoskeletal system tissues, including muscle, bone, meniscus, and cartilage, are all abnormally developed in Scx knockout mice. These results establish the presence of an indispensable limb Scx+Hoxd13+ MSSC population and their differentiation into soft tissue progenitors (Scx+Col1a1+) and hard tissue progenitors (Scx+Sox9+). Collectively, this study paves the way for systematically decoding the complex molecular mechanisms and cellular programs of musculoskeletal tissues morphogenesis in limb development and regeneration.
Brønsted Acid Doping of P3HT with Largely Soluble Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane for Highly Conductive and Stable Organic Thermoelectrics Via One‐Step Solution Mixing
Authors: Suh Eui Hyun , Oh Jong Gyu , Jung Jaemin , Noh Sung Hoon , Lee Taek Seong , Jang Jaeyoung 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMolecular doping is essential for improving the thermoelectric properties of conjugated polymers, but dopants of low solubility either restrict the formation of high quality films or complicate fabrication steps. Although a highly soluble molecular dopant, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF), has been sporadically studied, its potential has not yet been fully explored. Herein, particularly intriguing effects of Brønsted acid doping with BCF‐water complexes for poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) are reported, which can facilitate substantial increases in electrical and thermoelectric properties with remarkable doping stabilities. Interestingly, a unique polymorph of P3HT with interdigitated alkyl chains (called type II) is observed in the Brønsted acid doping with BCF‐water complexes. Moreover, the doped P3HT shows conformational change to the quinoid structure, enabling increased backbone planarity. As a result, the Brønsted acid‐doped P3HT films exhibit outstanding electrical conductivities, thermoelectric power factors, and figure‐of‐merit of up to 33.0 S cm−1, 28.3 µW m−1 K−2, and 0.034, respectively. These values are at least an order of magnitude higher than those of P3HT films doped with a conventional molecular dopant, 7,7,8,8‐tetracyano‐2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoroquinodimethane. The Brønsted acid doping with BCF‐water complexes also affords excellent air stabilities of P3HT films, which potentially provides a strong comparative advantage over existing highly reactive salt‐type dopants, such as FeCl3.
Structure and dynamics of fractal‐like particles made by agglomeration and sintering
Authors: Eggersdorfer Maximilian L. , Goudeli Eirini 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe growth of silica nanoparticles by agglomeration and viscous flow sintering is studied from free molecular to transition regime by off‐lattice event‐driven (ED) simulations. Coagulation by simultaneous agglomeration and sintering takes place at high temperature environments, where sintering and collision rates are comparable. The effect of temperature on aggregate mobility and gyration radii, particle morphology, and collisional enhancement is elucidated. The ratio between the characteristic sintering time and characteristic collision time controls the particle size and structure, quantified by the mass fractal dimension. The aggregate morphology depends solely on the ratio of characteristic times and is insensitive to the process temperature. When sintering is negligible, the overall collision frequency is 90% larger than that predicted by the classic Fuchs collision kernel for monodisperse agglomerates, in agreement with experiments. The ED‐obtained quasi‐self‐preserving size distributions are consistent with mobility size distributions measured in hot‐wall reactors and flame sprays.
Understanding initial zeolite oligomerization steps with first principles calculations
Authors: Freeman Emily E. , Neeway James J. , Motkuri Radha Kishan , Rimer Jeffrey D. , Mpourmpakis Giannis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractZeolites are porous aluminosilicate materials that find various applications in the chemical industry in separations, catalysis, ion exchange, and so forth. However, despite their widespread use, the reaction mechanisms occurring during zeolite growth are still unclear. Herein, we use density functional theory calculations to gain insights into the thermodynamics of oligomerization, which constitute the initial steps of zeolite growth. By taking into consideration solvent and temperature effects, our results demonstrate that the growth of aluminosilicate systems is significantly more exothermic than their pure silicate counterparts. Under pH neutral conditions, water prefers to dissociate on the early‐growth‐stage aluminosilicate complexes rather than desorb, thus generating potential Brønsted acid sites on the oligomers. Additionally, (alumino)silicate growth pathways are evaluated in the presence of Na+ cation, as well as the Ca2+ cation for the pure silicate pathway. The presence of cations increases the exothermicity of growth, with Ca2+ exhibiting the most energetically favorable growth environment for the silicate systems. Importantly, we demonstrate through reaction extent analysis that the presence of cations modulates the speciation of the formed oligomers, with Na+ favoring linear species in addition to the generally preferred cyclic ones. Overall, this work provides a fundamental understanding of the thermodynamics of complex reaction paths that occur during early stages of zeolite growth and suggests that the initial growth steps can have significant impact on the final zeolite structure.
Safe, Scalable, Inexpensive, and Mild Nickel‐Catalyzed Migita‐Like C−S Cross‐Couplings in Recyclable Water
Authors: Yu Tzu‐Yu , Pang Haobo , Cao Yilin , Gallou Fabrice , Lipshutz Bruce H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA new approach to C−S couplings is reported that relies on nickel catalysis under mild conditions, enabled by micellar catalysis in recyclable water as the reaction medium. The protocol tolerates a wide range of heteroaromatic halides and thiols, including alkyl and heteroaryl thiols, leading to a variety of thioethers in good isolated yields. The method is scalable, results in low residual metal in the products, and is applicable to syntheses of targets in the pharmaceutical area. The procedure also features an associated low E Factor, suggesting a far more attractive entry than is otherwise currently available, especially those based on unsustainable loadings of Pd catalysts.
Resonance and the experience of relevance
Authors: Ruthven Ian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this article, I propose the concept of resonance as a useful one for describing what it means to experience relevance. Based on an extensive interdisciplinary review, I provide a novel framework that presents resonance as a spectrum of experience with a multitude of outcomes ranging from a sense of harmony and coherence to life transformation. I argue that resonance has different properties to the more traditional interpretation of relevance and provides a better system of explanation of what it means to experience relevance. I show how traditional approaches to relevance and resonance work in a complementary fashion and outline how resonance may present distinct new lines of research into relevance theory.
Analysis of human hippocampal volumetry in relation to pattern separation ability in healthy young subjects
Authors: Usugi Ryoichi , Nishimura Masahiko , Ishiuchi Shogo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionHippocampal dentate gyrus related to pattern separation has attracted attention as an area for neurogenesis. However, the associations between the pattern separation and the volumes of hippocampal subfields in humans remain unknown.Methods58 young adults were examined the memory task (pattern separation, pattern completion) and the hippocampal volumes. Subjects were asked to determine whether the visual image is a new stimulus, or a similar but different stimulus (pattern separation), or the same stimulus (pattern completion), compared to preceding stimuli, and response time and correct response were measured. The volumes of the whole brain, hippocampus 6 subfields and perihippocampus 5 subfields, were measured using FreeSurfer 6.0.ResultsNegative associations between the pattern separation task and the volumes of whole brain areas were found in bilateral cerebellar cortex, fourth ventricle, left hippocampus, left thalamus, left ventral diencephalon, and brainstem. Simple linear regression analysis revealed a significant association with the left hippocampal‐amygdaloid transition area only, while no significant associations were found in any of the subfield volumes when adjusted with covariates.ConclusionsThe principle “bigger is better”—an idea that the larger the volume the better the function—could not be applied to the relation between the pattern separation ability and the dentate gyrus.
Identifying functionally relevant candidate genes for inflexible ethanol intake in mice and humans using a guilt‐by‐association approach
Authors: Martins de Carvalho Luana , Fonseca Pablo A. S. , Paiva Isadora M. , Damasceno Samara , Pedersen Agatha S. B. , da Silva e Silva Daniel , Wiers Corinde E. , Volkow Nora D. , Brunialti Godard Ana L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractGene prioritization approaches are useful tools to explore and select candidate genes in transcriptome studies. Knowing the importance of processes such as neuronal activity, intracellular signal transduction, and synapse plasticity to the development and maintenance of compulsive ethanol drinking, the aim of the present study was to explore and identify functional candidate genes associated with these processes in an animal model of inflexible pattern of ethanol intake. To do this, we applied a guilt‐by‐association approach, using the GUILDify and ToppGene software, in our previously published microarray data from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum of inflexible drinker mice. We then tested some of the prioritized genes that showed a tissue‐specific pattern in postmortem brain tissue (PFC and nucleus accumbens (NAc)) from humans with alcohol use disorder (AUD). In the mouse brain, we prioritized 44 genes in PFC and 26 in striatum, which showed opposite regulation patterns in PFC and striatum. The most prioritized of them (i.e., Plcb1 and Prkcb in PFC, and Dnm2 and Lrrk2 in striatum) were associated with synaptic neuroplasticity, a neuroadaptation associated with excessive ethanol drinking. The identification of transcription factors among the prioritized genes suggests a crucial role for Irf4 in the pattern of regulation observed between PFC and striatum. Lastly, the differential transcription of IRF4 and LRRK2 in PFC and nucleus accumbens in postmortem brains from AUD compared to control highlights their involvement in compulsive ethanol drinking in humans and mice.
Chemo‐Geographic Variations in Wild Population of Asteriscus graveolens in Israel Based on Volatile Composition Analyses
Authors: Ben‐Gera Hadas , Bensimon Mashraki Keren , Sharma Reena , Shachter Alona , Chaimovitsh David , Gonda Itay , Nitzan Nadav , Dudai Nativ 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAsteriscus graveolens is an aromatic desert shrub which holds medicinal potential. This species belongs to the Asteraceae family and is endemic to the Mediterranean region. In the present study, wild plants were sampled from eleven locations throughout southern Israel and the volatile profiles from leaves and flowers were analyzed using GC/MS. Three methods for volatile sampling were tested for a representative population: solvent extraction (methyl tert‐butyl ether), hydrodistillation of the essential oil and headspace solid‐phase microextraction. In all methods, the majority of volatiles were characterized as oxygenated mono‐ and sesquiterpenes. Only solvent extraction was able to detect asteriscunolides that were previously reported as anticancer molecules. Hence, that method was chosen for further analyses. The leaves were dominated by three asteriscunolide isomers, cis‐chrysanthenyl acetate and intermedeol. The flowers were dominated by bisabolone, 6‐hydroxybisabol‐2‐en‐1‐one, cis‐chrysanthenyl acetate, epi‐α‐cadinol, and germacrene‐D. k‐Means clustering analysis of these data divided the population into four clusters that significantly differ in their volatile composition as was further demonstrated by MANOVA analysis. Geographically, A. graveolens populations growing in Israel were found to be chemically diverse with unique varieties in the Dead Sea basin and the Arava region. This work demonstrates that chemo‐geographic variation of volatile composition exists within A. graveolens population growing in Israel, so future research evaluating the medicinal potential of that plant should take this into consideration.
Quest for the Crypto‐phosphoproteome
Authors: Ahn Seungmin , Jung Hoyoung , Kee Jung‐Min 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProtein phosphorylation is one of the most studied post‐translational modifications (PTMs). Despite the remarkable advances in phosphoproteomics, a chemically less‐stable subset of the phosphosites, which we call the crypto‐phosphoproteome, has remained underexplored due to technological challenges. In this Viewpoint, we briefly summarize the current understanding of these elusive protein phosphorylations and identify the missing pieces for future studies.
Real‐Time Carbon Monoxide Detection using a Rotating Gold Ring Electrode: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Wu Kuang‐Hsu , Zhang Qingran , Lin Yangming , Ali Mohammad A. , Zhao Shenlong , Heumann Saskia , Centi Gabriele 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRotating ring‐disc electrodes (RRDEs) offer a powerful electroanalytical method for studying electrochemical reactions with continuous real‐time feedback capabilities. However, its use in the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) sees very limited success despite the method being a sensible choice. Here, we assess the use of commercial polycrystalline Pt and Au ring electrodes for the selective detection of CO in a near‐neutral NaHCO3 electrolyte (pH=7.5) and their suitability for real‐time monitoring during the CO2RR. Our results show that the commercial Pt ring electrode, as a highly sensitive detector, cannot discriminate among most of C1 reduction products such as H2, CO, formate, formaldehyde and methanol, whereas the Au ring electrode can satisfy many criteria for real‐time CO detection but the poor sensitivity of the polycrystalline electrode prohibits the practical use for quantitative purpose. A set of design principles for the Au‐based ring electrode is put forward in order to endow RRDEs the capability of rapid real‐time detection of CO in CO2 electroreduction.
Risk factors and electrocardiogram characteristics for mortality in critical inpatients with COVID‐19
Authors: Li Lingzhi , Zhang Shudi , He Bing , Chen Xiaobei , Wang Shihong , Zhao Qingyan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has spread worldwide.HypothesisThe possible risk factors that lead to death in critical inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) are not yet fully understood.MethodsIn this single‐center, retrospective study, we enrolled 113 critical patients with COVID‐19 from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between February 1, 2020 and March 15, 2020. Patients who survived or died were compared.ResultsA total of 113 critical patients with COVID‐19 were recruited; 50 (44.3%) died, and 63 (55.7%) recovered. The proportion of patients with ventricular arrhythmia was higher in the death group than in the recovery group (P = .021) and was higher among patients with myocardial damage than patients without myocardial damage (P = .013). Multivariate analysis confirmed independent predictors of mortality from COVID‐19: age > 70 years (HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.03‐3.28), initial neutrophil count over 6.5 × 109/L (HR 3.43, 95% CI 1.84‐6.40), C‐reactive protein greater than 100 mg/L (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.04‐3.59), and lactate dehydrogenase over 300 U/L (HR 2.90, 95% CI 1.26‐6.67). Immunoglobulin treatment (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.21‐0.73) can reduce the risk of death. Sinus tachycardia (HR 2.94, 95% CI 1.16‐7.46) and ventricular arrhythmia (HR 2.79, 95% CI 1.11‐7.04) were independent ECG risk factors for mortality from COVID‐19.ConclusionsOld age (>70 years), neutrophilia, C‐reactive protein greater than 100 mg/L and lactate dehydrogenase over 300 U/L are high‐risk factors for mortality in critical patients with COVID‐19. Sinus tachycardia and ventricular arrhythmia are independent ECG risk factors for mortality from COVID‐19.
Detecting community change in Arctic marine ecosystems using the temporal dynamics of environmental DNA
Authors: Sevellec Maelle , Lacoursière‐Roussel Anaïs , Bernatchez Louis , Normandeau Eric , Solomon Eric , Arreak Andrew , Fishback LeeAnn , Howland Kimberly 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLarge‐scale biomonitoring of Arctic coastal marine communities is essential to track temporal changes in ecosystems. Despite the potential of environmental DNA (eDNA) as an innovative coastal biomonitoring tool, important questions remain pertaining to its temporal and spatial variation and how this may affect the evaluation of ecosystem changes over time in hydrodynamic ecosystems. In this study, we used eDNA metabarcoding of coastal water samples in two Canadian Arctic ports to evaluate the potential of eDNA to detect temporal transition in marine coastal communities. We sequenced eDNA from approximately 20 surface water samples collected each month (N ≈ 150 samples) covering the transition period between summer and late fall using four different universal primer pairs (two pairs of COI mitochondrial genes and two pairs of 18S rRNA genes). Our results from both primer pairs highlighted a significant transition from the summer to the fall marine community. We also observed a putative link between eDNA peaks of read abundance and timing for different life stages (e.g., spawning and larvae) of several species with the most abundant sequence reads. As such, our results show that temporal variation must be considered in ensuring comprehensive coastal biomonitoring with eDNA. Although much remains to be investigated about the ecology of eDNA, our results contribute to fundamental knowledge on the origin of eDNA and highlight the importance of considering temporal variation in developing guidance for coastal biomonitoring with this approach.