bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design optimization of steel–concrete hybrid wind turbine tower based on improved genetic algorithm
Authors: Chen Junling , Li Jinwei , He Xinheng 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThe steel–concrete hybrid wind turbine tower is characterized by the lower part of the traditional steel tubular tower replaced with the concrete segment. The lateral stiffness will be improved obviously, and then, the excessive vibration of the steel tower can be solved effectively. Based on the improved genetic algorithm, an optimization program is built to consider the influence of materials, labor, machinery, and transportation on the construction cost of a steel–concrete hybrid tower for a 2.0‐MW wind turbine with a hub height of 120 m, in which the initial height of the concrete segment is 32 m. During the optimization process, design requirements of relevant specifications and industry standards are used as the constraints. The optimization variables include the bottom and top diameters of the tower, the wall thickness of each segment, the height of the concrete segment, and the area of the prestressed steel strand. By comparing the results of construction cost and structural capacity before and after optimization, it can be found that the steel–concrete hybrid wind turbine tower after optimization has the better structural stiffness and lower construction cost. The proposed optimization program can meet the design requirements and significantly improve the economic performance of the tower.
Genomic selection for lentil breeding: Empirical evidence
Authors: Haile Teketel A. , Heidecker Taryn , Wright Derek , Neupane Sandesh , Ramsay Larissa , Vandenberg Albert , Bett Kirstin E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGenomic selection (GS) is a marker‐based selection initially suggested for livestock breeding and is being encouraged for crop breeding. Several statistical models are used to implement GS; however, none have been tested for use in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) breeding. This study was conducted to compare the accuracy of different GS models and prediction scenarios based on empirical data and to make recommendations for designing genomic selection strategies for lentil breeding. We evaluated nine single‐trait (ST) models, two multiple‐trait (MT) models, and a model that incorporates genotype × environment interaction (GEI) using populations from a lentil diversity panel and two recombinant inbred lines (RILs). The lines in all populations were phenotyped for five phenological traits and genotyped using a custom exome capture assay. Within‐population, across‐population, and across‐environment genomic predictions were made. Prediction accuracy varied among the evaluated models, populations, prediction scenarios, and traits. Single‐trait models showed similar accuracy in the absence of large effect quantitative trait loci (QTL) but BayesB outperformed all models when there were QTL with relatively large effects. Models that accounted for GEI and MT‐GS models increased prediction accuracy for a low heritability trait by up to 66 and 14%, respectively. Moderate to high accuracies were obtained for within‐population (range of .36–.85) and across‐environment (range of .19–.89) predictions but across‐population prediction accuracy was very low. Results suggest that GS can be implemented in lentil breeding to make predictions within populations and across environments, but across‐population prediction should not be considered when the population size is small.
Transposon activation is a major driver in the genome evolution of cultivated olive trees (Olea europaea L.)
Authors: Jiménez‐Ruiz Jaime , Ramírez‐Tejero Jorge A. , Fernández‐Pozo Noé , Leyva‐Pérez María de la O , Yan Haidong , Rosa Raúl de la , Belaj Angjelina , Montes Eva , Rodríguez‐Ariza Mª Oliva , Navarro Francisco , Barroso Juan Bautista , Beuzón Carmen R. , Valpuesta Victoriano , Bombarely Aureliano , Luque Francisco 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe primary domestication of olive (Olea europaea L.) in the Levant dates back to the Neolithic period, around 6,000–5,500 BC, as some archeological remains attest. Cultivated olive trees are reproduced clonally, with sexual crosses being the sporadic events that drive the development of new varieties. In order to determine the genomic changes which have occurred in a modern olive cultivar, the genome of the Picual cultivar, one of the most popular olive varieties, was sequenced. Additional 40 cultivated and 10 wild accessions were re‐sequenced to elucidate the evolution of the olive genome during the domestication process. It was found that the genome of the ‘Picual’ cultivar contains 79,667 gene models, of which 78,079 were protein‐coding genes and 1,588 were tRNA. Population analyses support two independent events in olive domestication, including an early possible genetic bottleneck. Despite genetic bottlenecks, cultivated accessions showed a high genetic diversity driven by the activation of transposable elements (TE). A high TE gene expression was observed in presently cultivated olives, which suggests a current activity of TEs in domesticated olives. Several TEs families were expanded in the last 5,000 or 6,000 years and produced insertions near genes that may have been involved in selected traits during domestication as reproduction, photosynthesis, seed development, and oil production. Therefore, a great genetic variability has been found in cultivated olive as a result of a significant activation of TEs during the domestication process.
Different Organic Peroxides that Cure Low‐k 1,2‐PB/SBS/EPDM Composites for High‐Frequency Substrate
Authors: Wu Bo , Mao Xin , Wang Chunyan , Deng Ting , Li Rong , Xu Yi , Tang Xianzhong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSince the advent of 5G network, polymeric low dielectric constant (low‐k) materials have been indispensable for high speed and stable signal transmission at microwave frequency. Herein, the low‐k composites of 1,2‐polybutadiene/styrene‐butadiene‐styrene triblock copolymer/ethylene‐propylene‐dicyclopentadiene (1,2‐PB/SBS/EPDM) were prepared with cured organic peroxide. Two structurally different organic peroxides, namely dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and bis(1‐(tert‐butylperoxy)‐1‐methylethyl)‐benzene (BIPB), were used as free‐radical initiators. The composites with highly efficient initiator—BIPB exhibited considerably enhanced conversion rate, thermal stability, and cross‐link density compared with the DCP system. Furthermore, the increased cross‐link density contributed to dielectric stability over a broad range of frequency (3‐15 GHz) and superior mechanical properties. The cross‐linked composites possessed the typical low polarity group of C─C single bond with suppressed dielectric constant (Dk) and loss (Df). Especially, the average Dk of 2.36 and average Df of 0.0054 were obtained for the composite containing 4 part‐by‐weight (pbw) BIPB. This work demonstrated that the 1,2‐PB/SBS/EPDM composite with 4 pbw BIPB is a good candidate for high‐frequency substrate materials.
Neutrinoless double beta decay versus other probes of heavy sterile neutrinos
Authors: Bolton Patrick D. , Deppisch Frank F. , Dev P.S. Bhupal 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We make a comparative study of the neutrinoless double beta decay constraints on heavy sterile neutrinos versus other direct and indirect constraints from both lepton number conserving and violating processes, as a sensitive probe of the extent of lepton number violation and possible interference effects in the sterile sector. We introduce a phenomenological parametrisation of the simplified one-generation seesaw model with one active and two sterile neutrino states in terms of experimentally measurable quantities, such as active-sterile neutrino mixing angles, CP phases, masses and mass splittings. This simple parametrisation enables us to analytically derive a spectrum of possible scenarios between the canonical seesaw with purely Majorana heavy neutrinos and inverse seesaw with pseudo-Dirac ones. We then go on to constrain the simplified parameters of this model from various experiments at the energy, intensity and cosmic frontiers. We emphasise that the constraints from lepton number violating processes strongly depend on the mass splitting between the two sterile states and the relative CP phase between them. This is particularly relevant for neutrinoless double beta decay, which is weakened for small mass splitting and opposite CP parities between the sterile states. On the other hand, neutrinoless double beta decay is especially sensitive for Majorana sterile neutrinos with masses around 0.1 − 10 GeV.
Lineability of Linearly Sensitive Functions
Authors: Bartoszewicz Artur , Filipczak Małgorzata , Terepeta Małgorzata 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn the paper we will focus on lineability of some subsets of $${\mathbb {R}}^{\left[ 0,1\right] }$$R0,1 which are called linearly sensitive. A function f is called linearly sensitive with respect to the property (or condition) (P) if f has the property (P) and for any $$a\ne 0$$a≠0 the function $$f+a\cdot {{\,\mathrm{id}\,}}$$f+a·id does not have the property (P). We discuss some general method of proving $${\mathfrak {c}}$$c-lineability and use this method to examine lineability of the family of all continuous functions linearly sensitive to the Luzin (N)-property, the family of functions linearly sensitive to the Świątkowski condition and the family of functions linearly sensitive to the strong Świątkowski condition.
Uryson Width and Volume
Authors: Papasoglu Panos 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe give a short proof of a theorem of Guth relating volume of balls and Uryson width. The same approach applies to Hausdorff content implying a recent result of Liokumovich–Lishak–Nabutovsky–Rotman. We show also that for any $$C>0$$C>0 there is a Riemannian metric g on a 3-sphere such that $${\hbox {vol}}(S^3,g)=1$$vol(S3,g)=1 and for any map $$f:S^3\rightarrow {\mathbb {R}}^2$$f:S3→R2 there is some $$x\in {\mathbb {R}}^2$$x∈R2 for which $$\text {diam}(f^{-1}(x))>C$$diam(f-1(x))>C, answering a question of Guth.
Novel description of bone remodelling including finite memory effect, stimulation and signalling mechanisms
Authors: Hernandez-Rodriguez Yunuhen , Lekszycki Tomasz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA new mathematical model is presented for bone remodelling that includes a finite memory effect. In this new model, stimulus resulting from mechanical loading is separated from the signalling to grow or absorb bone. Also, a signal decaying exponentially to the distance from the point produced as well as an effect of decaying signal in time are considered. In addition, the model presented correctly predicts the synthesis and resorption of the bone tissue in a normal healthy mandible and in cases when teeth are missing. The model presented could be implemented to study cases of bone diseases where the signalling between the cells is disrupted and to predict changes in bone caused by several anomalies, such as missing a tooth or the presence of a dental prosthesis.
Non-pathogenic Escherichia coli biofilms: effects of growth conditions and surface properties on structure and curli gene expression
Authors: Leech James , Golub Stacey , Allan Wendy , Simmons Mark J. H. , Overton Tim W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBiofilm formation is a harmful phenomenon in many areas, such as in industry and clinically, but offers advantages in the field of biocatalysis for the generation of robust biocatalytic platforms. In this work, we optimised growth conditions for the production of Escherichia coli biofilms by three strains (PHL644, a K-12 derivative with enhanced expression of the adhesin curli; the commercially-used strain BL21; and the probiotic Nissle 1917) on a variety of surfaces (plastics, stainless steel and PTFE). E. coli PHL644 and PTFE were chosen as optimal strain and substratum, respectively, and conditions (including medium, temperature, and glucose concentration) for biofilm growth were determined. Finally, the impact of these growth conditions on expression of the curli genes was determined using flow cytometry for planktonic and sedimented cells. We reveal new insights into the formation of biofilms and expression of curli in E. coli K-12 in response to environmental conditions.
Extremal determinants of Laplace–Beltrami operators for rectangular tori
Authors: Faulhuber Markus 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this work we study the determinant of the Laplace–Beltrami operator on rectangular tori of unit area. We will see that the square torus gives the extremal determinant within this class of tori. The result is established by studying properties of the Dedekind eta function for special arguments. Refined logarithmic convexity and concavity results of the classical Jacobi theta functions of one real variable are deeply involved.
Torus actions on rationally elliptic manifolds
Authors: Galaz-García F. , Kerin M. , Radeschi M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn upper bound is obtained on the rank of a torus which can act smoothly and effectively on a smooth, closed (simply connected) rationally elliptic manifold. In the maximal-rank case, the manifolds admitting such actions are classified up to equivariant rational homotopy equivalence.
Continuous force measurements reveal no inhibitory control deficits in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Pickering Jade S. , Leroi Iracema , McBride Jennifer , Poliakoff Ellen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSuppression of unwanted motor responses can be disrupted by Parkinson’s disease. People with Parkinson’s (PwP) can show maladaptive reward-driven behaviours in the form of impulse control behaviours, which are associated with the use of the dopaminergic treatments used to alleviate the motor symptoms of the disease. However, the effects of Parkinson’s itself on impulsive behaviour and control are unclear—empirical studies have yielded mixed findings, and some imaging studies have shown a functional deficit in the absence of a measurable change in behaviour. Here, we investigated the effects of Parkinson’s on response activation and control by studying the dynamics of response in standard inhibitory control tasks—the Stop Signal and Simon tasks—using a continuous measure of response force. Our results are largely in favour of the conclusion that response inhibition appears to be intact in PwP, even when using a more sensitive measure of behavioural control relative to traditional button-press measures. Our findings provide some clarity as to the effects of Parkinson’s on response inhibition and show continuous response force measurement can provide a sensitive means of detecting erroneous response activity in PwP, which could also be generalised to studying related processes in other populations.
Risk factors for severe bleeding events during warfarin treatment: the influence of sex, age, comorbidity and co-medication
Authors: Rydberg Diana M. , Linder Marie , Malmström Rickard E. , Andersen Morten 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate risk factors for severe bleeding during warfarin treatment, including the influence of sex, age, comorbidity and co-medication on bleeding risk.

Methods
Patients initiating warfarin treatment between 2007 and 2011 were identified in the nationwide Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, and diagnoses of severe bleeding were retrieved from the National Patient Register. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for severe bleeding were estimated using multiple Cox regression adjusting for indications and including covariates age, sex, comorbidities and co-medications. Interactions between sex and other covariates were investigated.

Results
The study cohort included 232,624 patients ≥ 18 years (101,011 women and 131,613 men). The incidence rate of severe bleeding was 37 per 1000 person-years, lower among women than men with an adjusted HR (95% CI) of 0.84 (0.80–0.88). Incidence of bleeding increased with age, HR 2.88 (2.37–3.50) comparing age ≥ 80 to < 40 years, and comorbidities associated with the highest risk of severe bleeding were prior bleeding, HR 1.85 (1.74–1.97); renal failure, HR 1.82 (1.66–2.00); and alcohol dependency diagnosis, HR 1.79 (1.57–2.05). Other comorbidities significantly associated with bleeding events were hypertension, diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, congestive heart failure, liver failure, stroke/TIA, COPD and cancer.

Conclusion
Most of the well-established risk factors were found to be significantly associated with bleeding events in our study. We additionally found that women had a lower incidence of bleeding. Potential biases are selection effects, residual confounding and unmeasured frailty.
Interleukin-33/suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (IL-33/ST2) axis in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and its association with laboratory and clinical parameters: a pilot study
Authors: Opinc Aleksandra , Sarnik Joanna , Brzezińska Olga , Makowski Marcin , Lewandowska-Polak Anna , Makowska Joanna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIdiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are rare connective tissue diseases, which can lead to internal organ involvement. IL-33/ST2 pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases including autoimmune disorders. IL-33 fulfils cardioprotective function, while soluble ST2 (sST2) is a decoy receptor that reduces protective impact of IL-33. The aim of the study was to evaluate the concentrations of sST2 and IL-33 in sera of patients with IIM and evaluate its associations with the clinical course of the disease. Patients with IIM as well as age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. Concentrations of sST2 and IL-33 were assessed with ELISA in sera of both patients and controls. Patients were asked to fill in the questionnaires concerning clinical symptoms and physical functioning. Concentrations of sST2 and IL-33 were correlated with the results of laboratory tests and clinical symptoms. Concentrations of sST2 were significantly higher in IIM group than in healthy subjects (median sST2 in IIM 26.51 vs in healthy controls 21.39; p = 0.03). In the majority of patients, IL-33 concentrations did not exceed the detection limit. Anti-SRP-positive patients presented significantly higher concentrations of sST2 as compared to anti-SRP-negative patients (p = 0.04). In patients with anti-Ro52 antibodies, sST2 concentrations were significantly lower than in anti-Ro52-negative patients (p = 0.02). Concentrations of sST2 correlated with the degree of disability evaluated with Health Assessment Questionnaire. sST2 is increased in patients with IIM and its concentration correlates with the degree of disability. In patients with anti-SRP antibodies, levels of sST2 are exceptionally high.
Diagnostic performance of standard breast MRI compared to dedicated axillary MRI for assessment of node-negative and node-positive breast cancer
Authors: Samiei Sanaz , Smidt Marjolein L. , Vanwetswinkel Sigrid , Engelen Sanne M. E. , Schipper Robert-Jan , Lobbes Marc B. I. , van Nijnatten Thiemo J. A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate whether breast MRI has comparable diagnostic performance as dedicated axillary MRI regarding assessment of node-negative and node-positive breast cancer.

Methods
Forty-seven patients were included. All had undergone both breast MRI and dedicated axillary MRI, followed by surgery. All included breast MRI exams had complete field of view (FOV) of the axillary region. First, unenhanced T2-weighted (T2W) and subsequent diffusion-weighted (DW) images of both MRI exams were independently analyzed by two breast radiologists using a confidence scale and compared to histopathology. ADC values were measured by two researchers independently. Diagnostic performance parameters were calculated on a patient-by-patient basis.

Results
T2W breast MRI had the following diagnostic performance: sensitivity of 50.0% and 62.5%, specificity of 92.3%, PPV of 57.1% and 62.5%, NPV of 90.0% and 92.3%, and AUC of 0.72 for reader 1 and 0.78 for reader 2. T2W dedicated axillary MRI had the following diagnostic performance: sensitivity of 37.5% and 62.5%, specificity of 82.1% and 92.3%, PPV of 44.6% and 50.0%, NPV of 87.8% and 91.4%, and AUC of 0.65 for reader 1 and 0.73 for reader 2. In both evaluations, addition of DW images resulted in comparable diagnostic performance. For both breast MRI and dedicated axillary MRI, there was no significant difference between mean ADC values of benign and malignant lymph nodes.

Conclusions
T2W breast MRI with complete FOV of the axillary region has comparable diagnostic performance as T2W dedicated axillary MRI regarding assessment of node-negative and node-positive breast cancer. Optimization of T2W breast MRI protocol by including a complete FOV of the axillary region can, therefore, be recommended in clinical practice.

Key Points
• Breast MRI with complete field of view of the axillary region has comparable diagnostic performance as dedicated axillary MRI regarding assessment of node-negative and node-positive breast cancer.
• Optimization of breast MRI protocol by including a complete field of view of the axillary region is recommended in clinical practice.
• For both breast MRI and dedicated axillary MRI, DW imaging (including ADC measurements) is of no added value.
Digital zoom of the full-field digital mammogram versus magnification mammography: a systematic review
Authors: Øynes Mona , Strøm Bergliot , Tveito Bente , Hafslund Bjørg 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo summarise and compare the performance of magnification mammography and digital zoom utilising a full-field digital mammography (FFDM) system in the detection and diagnosis of microcalcifications.MethodsWe ran an extended search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Engineering Village and Web of Science. Diagnostic test studies, experimental breast phantom studies and a Monte Carlo phantom study were included. A narrative approach was selected to summarise and compare findings regarding the detection of microcalcifications, while a hierarchical model with bivariate analysis was used for the meta-analysis of sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing microcalcifications.ResultsNine studies were included. Phantom studies suggested that the size of microcalcifications, magnification or zoom factor, exposure factors and detector technology determine whether digital zoom is equivalent to magnification mammography in the detection of microcalcifications. Pooled sensitivity for magnification and zoom calculated from the diagnostic test studies was 0.93 (95% CI 0.84–0.97) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.70–0.94), respectively. Pooled specificity was 0.55 (95% CI 0.51–0.58) and 0.56 (95% CI 0.50–0.62), respectively. The differences between the sensitivities and specificities were not statistically significant.ConclusionsDigital zoom may be equivalent to magnification mammography. Diagnostic test studies and phantom studies using newer detector technology would contribute additional knowledge on this topic.Key Points• The performance of digital zoom is comparable to magnification for detecting microcalcifications when newer detector technology and optimised imaging procedures are utilised.• The accuracy of digital zoom appears equivalent to geometric magnification in diagnosing microcalcifications.