bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Mortality and Refracture in Patients Older Than 65 Years With a Proximal Femur Fracture
Authors: Ganhão Sara , Guerra Miguel Gomes , Lucas Raquel , Terroso Georgina , Aguiar Francisca , Costa Lúcia , Vaz Carlos 
Published: September 2020

Objectives
To evaluate potential predictors of subsequent fracture and increased mortality in a population 65 years or older who suffered a proximal femur fragility fracture.

Methods
This was a longitudinal study that included patients with a proximal femur fragility fracture, referred from the Orthopedics Inpatient Department to the Rheumatology Department's Fracture Liaison Service, from March 2015 to March 2017.

Results
Five hundred twenty-two patients were included, with a median age (IQR) of 84 years (interquartile range [IQR], 11 years), 79.7% (n = 416) female. Nine percent (n = 47) suffered a new fracture, with a median time to event of 298 days (IQR, 331 days). Cumulative probability without refracture at 12 months was 93% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.2%–95.0%); 22.8% (n = 119) patients died, with median time to death of 126 days (IQR, 336 days). Cumulative survival probability at 12 months was 81.7 (95% CI, 77.9–84.8). Neurologic disease (hazard ratio [HR], 2.30; 95% CI, 0.97–5.50; p = 0.06) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR, 3.61; 95% CI, 1.20–10.9; p = 0.022) were both predictors of refracture. Age older than 80 years (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 0.99–2.38; p = 0.052), higher degree of dependence (HR, 1.24;95% CI, 1.09–1.42; p = 0.001), male sex (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.03–2.33; p = 0.034), femoral neck fracture (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.24–0.88; p = 0.018), Charlson score (HR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.17–3.69; p = 0.012), heart failure (HR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.06–5.63; p = 0.037), hip bone mass density (HR, 3.99; 95% CI, 1.19–13.4; p = 0.025), hip T score (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.44–0.93; p = 0.021), and β-crosslaps (HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.02–3.84; p = 0.042) all predicted a higher mortality.

Conclusions
Neurologic disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may increase the risk of subsequent fracture after a hip fracture. Male sex, age, autonomy degree, femur bone mass density/T score, fracture type, Charlson score, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and β-crosslaps had significant impact on survival. The authors highlight β-crosslaps as a potential serological marker of increased mortality in clinical practice.
Facial Reanimation With Free Latissumus Dorsi Muscle Transfer, a Comparative Study Between Lateral and Supine Approach
Authors: Elbatawy Amr M. , Hamdi Abdelnaser , Ouf Mohamed Osama , Zayid Tarek , Ismail Hany , Sholkamy Khallad , Hussin Hazem , Elbanoby Tarek , Ayad Wael M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this article, the authors present the versatility of the Latissmus dorsi muscle as a donor option in facial reanimation and compare between different approaches in harvesting this muscle.
The study included 24 Latissimus Dorsi (LD) functional muscles were transferred for smile reanimation of complete facial palsy. The patients were classified into 2 groups in which the muscle either harvested with supine or lateral (trans-axillary) approach. Muscle harvesting time, total operating times, blood loss, and bulkiness of the flap were analyzed and compared. The hypoglossal nerve was used in 14 cases, the masseteric nerve in 4 cases, and the lower trunk of the facial nerve was used in 6 cases as adonor nerve. No microvascular complications were observed, hematoma occurred in 2 cases only. No donor site complications in any of the cases.
The trans-axillary approach provides less operative time, blood loss, and donor site morbidity, while the classic approach is easier and has the advantage of skin paddle in complex cases.
A comparative study and application of modified SIR and Logistic models at Municipal Corporation level database of CoViD-19 in India
Authors: Bajaj Naman S. , Pardeshi Sujit S. , Patange Abhishek D. , Khade Hrushikesh S. , Mate K. K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe WHO declared a global pandemic owing to the newfound coronavirus, or Covid-19, in March 2020. The disease quickly spread around the world by contagion, and the lack of an appropriate vaccine has led to limited social activities in every track of life. Several national and state-level studies conducted predict the course of the pandemic using machine learning algorithms, most common being the SIR and the Logistic models. However, it is unclear whether these models work for a controlled community like Municipal Corporation or not. With measures now being employed at Municipal levels in India, it only fits to conduct particular research to examine how these models perform at lower jurisdictions. This study provides concrete evidence to show the superiority of the modified SIR model over the Logistic model based on analysis. The models not only give accurate predictions for up to 14 days but can also be used to define and signify the practicality and effectiveness of the decisions taken by the authorities. This feature of the study allows us to justly say that the government action of Unlock 1.0 was not a wise decision considering the nature of the pandemic. This study hopes to help the authorities to take the proper actions to prevent any further aggravation of the spreading virus. In conclusion, Municipal corporations having control should make use of this study to make decisions and test their effectiveness, and more corporations should be empowered to benefit from this study.
Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and risk of future sickness
Authors: Dillner Joakim , Elfström K. Miriam , Blomqvist Jonas , Eklund Carina , Lagheden Camilla , Nordqvist-Kleppe Sara , Hellström Cecilia , Olofsson Jennie , Andersson Eni , Falk August Jernbom , Bergström Sofia , Hultin Emilie , Pin Elisa , Månberg Anna , Nilsson Peter , Hedhammar My , Hober Sophia , Mattsson Johan , Mühr Laila Sara Arroyo , Lundgren Kalle Conneryd 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe extent that antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 may protect against future virus-associated disease is unknown.MethodWe analyzed 12928 healthy hospital employees for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and compared results to participant sick leave records (Clinical trial registration: https:ClinicalTrials.govNCT04411576).ResultsSubjects with viral serum antibodies were not at excess risk for future sick leave (Odds Ratio (OR): 0.85 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) (0.85 (0.43-1.68)). By contrast, subjects with antibodies had an excess risk for sick leave in the past weeks (OR: 3.34 (2.98-3.74)).ConclusionPresence of viral antibodies marks past disease and protection against excess risk of future disease.
Strict lockdown versus flexible social distance strategy for COVID-19 disease: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Mol Ben W. , Karnon Jonathan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo balance the costs and effects comparing a strict lockdown versus a flexible social distancing strategy for societies affected by Coronavirus-19 Disease (COVID-19).DesignCost-effectiveness analysis.ParticipantsWe used societal data and COVID-19 mortality rates from the public domain.InterventionsThe intervention was a strict lockdown strategy that has been followed by Denmark. Reference strategy was flexible social distancing policy as was applied by Sweden. We derived mortality rates from COVID-19 national statistics, assumed the expected life years lost from each COVID-19 death to be 11 years and calculated lost life years until 31stAugust 2020. Expected economic costs were derived from gross domestic productivity (GDP) statistics from each country’s official statistics bureau and forecasted GDP. The incremental financial costs of the strict lockdown were calculated by comparing Sweden with Denmark using externally available market information. Calculations were projected per one million inhabitants. In sensitivity analyses we varied the total cost of the lockdown (range −50% to +100%).Main outcome measureFinancial costs per life years saved.ResultsIn Sweden, the number of people who died with COVID-19 was 577 per million inhabitants, resulting in an estimated 6,350 life years lost per million inhabitants. In Denmark, where a strict lockdown strategy was installed for months, the number of people dying with COVID-19 was on average 111 per million, resulting in an estimated 1,216 life years per million inhabitants lost. The incremental costs of strict lockdown to save one life year was US$ 137,285, and higher in most of the sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsComparisons of public health interventions for COVID-19 should take into account life years saved and not only lost lives. Strict lockdown costs more than US$ 130,000 per life year saved. As our all our assumptions were in favour of strict lockdown, a flexible social distancing policy in response to COVID19 is defendable.
COVID-19 Case Age Distribution: Correction for Differential Testing by Age
Authors: Fisman David N. , Greer Amy L. , Hillmer Michael , O’Brien Sheila F. , Drews Steven J. , Tuite Ashleigh R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSARS-CoV-2 is a novel pathogen and is currently the cause of a global pandemic. Despite expected universal susceptibility to a novel pathogen, the pandemic to date has been characterized by higher observed incidence in the oldest individuals and lower incidence in children and adolescents. Differential testing by age group may explain some of these observed differences, but datasets linking case counts to public health testing volumes are uncommon.MethodsWe used data from Ontario, Canada. Case data were obtained from Ontario’s provincial line, while testing data were obtained from an information system with complete SARS-CoV-2 testing data for public, hospital, and private laboratories. Demographic and temporal patterns in reported case incidence, testing rates, and test positivity were explored using negative binomial regression models. Standardized morbidity and testing ratios (SMR, STR), and standardized test positivity (STP) were calculated by dividing age- and sex-specific rates by overall rates; demographic and temporal patterns in standardized ratios were explored using meta-regression. Testing adjusted SMR were estimated using linear regression models.ResultsObserved disease incidence and testing rates were highest in oldest individuals and markedly lower in those aged < 20. Temporal trends in disease incidence and testing were observed, but standardizing morbidity and testing ratios eliminated temporal trends (i.e., relative patterns by age and sex remained identical regardless of epidemic phase). After adjustment for testing frequency, SMR were lowest in children and adults aged 70 and older, approximately the same in adolescents as in the population as a whole and elevated in young adults (aged 20-29 years), providing a markedly different picture of the epidemic than seen with crude SMR or case-based incidence. Test-adjusted SMR were validated using seroprevalence data (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.82, P = 0.04).ConclusionsSurveillance for SARS-CoV-2 infection is typically performed using only test-positive case data, without adjustment for testing frequency. Older adults are tested more frequently, likely due to increased disease severity, while children are under-tested. Adjustment for testing frequency results in a very different picture of SARS-CoV-2 infection risk by age, one that is consistent with estimates obtained through serological testing.
Decreased inflammatory cytokine production of antigen-specific CD4+T cells in NMDA receptor encephalitis
Authors: Dao Le-Minh , Machule Marie-Luise , Bacher Petra , Hoffmann Julius , Ly Lam-Thanh , Wegner Florian , Scheffold Alexander , Prüss Harald 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is the most common autoimmune encephalitis with psychosis, amnesia, seizures and dyskinesias. The disease is mediated by pathogenic autoantibodies against the NR1 subunit that disrupt NMDAR function. Antibody infusion into mouse brains can recapitulate encephalitis symptoms, while active immunization resulted also in strong T cell infiltration into the hippocampus. However, whether T cells react against NMDAR and their specific contribution to disease development are poorly understood. Here we characterized the ex vivo frequency and phenotype of circulating CD4+ T helper (TH) cells reactive to NR1 protein using antigen-reactive T cell enrichment (ARTE) in 24 patients with NMDAR encephalitis, 13 patients with LGI1 encephalitis and 51 matched controls. Unexpectedly, patients with NMDAR encephalitis had lower frequencies of CD154- expressing NR1-reactive TH cells than healthy controls and produced significantly less inflammatory cytokines. No difference was seen in T cells reactive to the synaptic target LGI1 (Leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1), ubiquitous Candida antigens or neoantigens, suggesting that the findings are disease-specific and not related to therapeutic immunosuppression. Also, patients with LGI1 encephalitis showed unaltered numbers of LGI1 antigen-reactive T cells. The data reveal disease-specific functional alterations of circulating NMDAR-reactive TH cells in patients with NMDAR encephalitis and challenge the idea that increased pro- inflammatory NMDAR-reactive T cells contribute to disease pathogenesis.
COVID-19 pandemic increased the magnitude of mortality risks associated with cold temperature in Italy: A nationwide time-stratified case-crossover study
Authors: Yu Wenhua , Xu Rongbin , Ye Tingting , Han Chunlei , Li Shanshan , Guo Yuming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundsThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and some containment measures have changed many people’s lives and behaviours. Whether the pandemic could change the association between cold temperature and mortality remains unknown.ObjectivesWe aimed to assess whether the association between cold temperature and all-cause mortality in the pandemic period has changed compared to non-COVID-19 period (2015-2019) in Italy.MethodsWe collected daily all-cause mortality data and meteorological data for 107 Italian provinces from 1, January 2015 to 31, May 2020. A time-stratified case-crossover design with the distributed lag non-linear model was used to examine the association between cold temperature and all-cause mortality during the first three months (from March to May in 2020) of the COVID-19 outbreak and the same months in 2015-2019.ResultsThe relative risk (RR) of all-cause mortality at extreme cold temperature (2.5thpercentile of temperature at 3°C)in comparison with the minimum mortality temperature (24 °C) was 4.75 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.90-5.79] in the pandemic period, which is more than triple higher than RR [1.41 (95%CI: 1.33-1.50)] in the same months during 2015-2019. The shift in cold-mortality association was particularly significant for people aged 65-74 years [RR (95%CI): 5.98 (3.78-9.46) in 2020 versus 1.29 (1.10-1.51) in 2015-2019], 75-84 years [5.25 (3.79-7.26) versus 1.40 (1.25-1.56)], and ≥ 85 years [5.03 (3.90-6.51) versus 1.52 (1.39-1.66)], but not significant for those aged 0-64 years [1.95 (1.17-3.24) versus 1.24 (1.05-1.48)].ConclusionThe findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic enhanced the risk of cold temperature on mortality in Italy, particularly among the elderly people. Further studies are warranted to understand the exact mechanism when detailed data are available.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with the COVID-19 among slum dwellers resided in Dhaka City: A Bangladeshi interview-based survey
Authors: Islam Md. Saiful , Emran Md. Galib Ishraq , Rahman Md. Estiar , Banik Rajon , Sikder Md. Tajuddin , Smith Lee , Hossain Sahadat 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe emergent COVID-19 has impacted unprecedentedly to all classes of people. Slum-dwellers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 are currently poorly understood. To investigate the KAP towards COVID-19 among slum dwellers resided in Dhaka City, Bangladesh.MethodsA cross-sectional offline survey was carried out enrolling 406 slum dwellers (53.2% male; mean age=44.9 years [SD=12.1]; age range=18-85 years) between August and September, 2020. The face to face interview was conducted to collect data from 6 selected slum areas in Dhaka City using convenience sampling. The questionnaire consisted of informed consent along with questions concerning observational checklists, socio-demographics, and KAP.ResultsA sizeable minority were observed without wearing face masks during the survey periods (18.2%) and a vast portion (97.5%) without any hand protection. The mean scores of KAP were 6.1±2.6 (out of 17), 12.3±1.7 (out of 14), and 9.8±1.6 (out of 12), respectively. Moreover, the KAP were strongly and positively correlated with each other.ConclusionsThe findings revealed that the majority of slum dwellers in Bangladesh have limited knowledge of COVID-19. Poor practices (i.e., face mask and hand protection) were directly observed during the survey. The findings suggest the immediate implementation of health education programs and adequate interventions.
Association among income loss, financial strain and depressive symptoms during COVID-19: evidence from two longitudinal studies
Authors: Hertz-Palmor N , Moore TM , Gothelf D , DiDomenico GE , Dekel I , Greenberg DM , Brown LA , Matalon N , Visoki E , White LK , Himes MH , Schwartz-Lifshitz M , Gross R , Gur RC , Gur RE , Pessach IM , Barzilay R 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has major ramifications for global health and the economy, with growing concerns about economic recession and implications for mental health. Here we investigated the associations between COVID-19 pandemic-related income loss with financial strain and mental health trajectories over a 1-month course.MethodsTwo independent studies were conducted in the U.S and in Israel at the beginning of the outbreak (March-April 2020, T1; N = 4 171) and at a 1-month follow-up (T2; N = 1 559). Mixed-effects models were applied to assess associations among COVID-19-related income loss, financial strain, and pandemic-related worries about health, with anxiety and depression, controlling for multiple covariates including pre-COVID-19 income.FindingsIn both studies, income loss and financial strain were associated with greater depressive symptoms at T1, above and beyond T1 anxiety, worries about health, and pre-COVID-19 income. Worsening of income loss was associated with exacerbation of depression at T2 in both studies. Worsening of subjective financial strain was associated with exacerbation of depression at T2 in one study (US).InterpretationIncome loss and financial strain were uniquely associated with depressive symptoms and the exacerbation of symptoms over time, above and beyond pandemic-related anxiety. Considering the painful dilemma of lockdown versus reopening, with the tradeoff between public health and economic wellbeing, our findings provide evidence that the economic impact of COVID-19 has negative implications for mental health.FundingThis study was supported by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health, the US-Israel Binational Science Foundation, Foundation Dora and Kirsh Foundation.
Healing potential of wild type and recombinant S100A8 to attenuate skin wound inflammation
Authors: Olaitan Akinshipo Abdul Warith , Chen Lin , DiPietro Luisa A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundWounds represent a major health burden in our society and poorly healing wounds are a significant clinical problem worldwide, During the acute inflammatory, neutrophils which are normal wound scavengers seems to create additional tissue destruction and promote scar formation. This project examined the utility of using pluronic gel to deliver ala42S100A8, a peptide that repels neutrophils, to wounds, allowing more regenerative repair.MethodExcisional wound models on female BALB/c mice were made and 4 treatments including pluronic gel only group, Wild type S100A8 (1, 2, and 4μg) with Pluronic gel, and ala42S100A8 (1, 2, and 4μg) with Pluronic gel were applied to the wounds. Wounds were harvested at day 1 and day 3. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) protein level was examined using an ELISA kit and cytokine protein expression of CXCL1 (GRO-1), CXCL2 (MIP-2). IL-6, and TNF-α was determined using a multiplex ELISA kit.ResultsMPO level in Pluronic gel treated wounds at day 1 was significantly higher than that in control, suggesting that the Pluronic gel itself causes increased inflammation in wounds, while treatment with 1μg of s100A8 or 1 and 4μg of ala42S100A8 seemed to decrease MPO at day 1 compared to the Pluronic gel treated wounds. Treatment with 1μg of s100A8 also led to a decrease IL-6 and TNF-α production at day 1 when compared to the Pluronic gel group, although no statistical difference was observedConclusionsOur findings strongly suggest that wound inflammation is reduced by treatment with 1ug of S100A8. As such, this study provides proof-of-principal for further investigations of S100A8/ala42S100A8 as a wound therapeutic. Additional studies with lower doses and increased sample size, along with the use of alternative delivery systems, will provide important information about the utility of this approach.
Orientation of Directional Deep Brain Stimulation Leads on CT: Resolving the Ambiguity
Authors: Kurtev-Rittstieg Rebecca , Achatz Stefan , Nourinia Amir , Mittermeyer Stephan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhile directional deep brain stimulation (DBS) shows promising clinical effects by providing a new degree of freedom in programming, precise knowledge of the lead position and orientation is necessary to mitigate the resulting increased complexity. Two methods for orientation assessment based on postoperative CT imaging have become available, but neither of them is currently able to resolve the respective 180° artifact symmetry. Both rely on information about the intended orientation and assume that a deviation of more than ± 90° is very unlikely. Our aim was to develop an enhanced algorithm capable of detecting asymmetries in the CT data and to thus eliminate the need for user interaction. Two different approaches are presented: one based on the lead marker’s center of mass (COM) and one based on asymmetric sampling of the marker’s intensity profile (ASM). Both were tested on a total of 98 scans of 2 lead phantoms, resulting in 165 measurements with a large variety of lead implantation and orientation angles. The 180° ambiguity was correctly resolved in 99.4% of cases by COM and in 96.4% of cases by ASM. These results demonstrate the substantial and currently unused asymmetry in CT and the potential for a truly automated workflow.