bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Association Between Team Structure and Health Outcome and Cost by Social Network Analysis
Authors: Kuo Yong‐Fang , Agrawal Pooja , Chou Lin‐Na , Jupiter Daniel , Raji Mukaila A. 
Published: December 2020

Background/ObjectiveTo assess the impact of team structure composition and degree of collaboration among various providers on process and outcomes of primary care.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingData from 20% randomly selected primary care service areas in the 2015 Medicare claims was used to identified primary care practices.Participants449,460 patients with diabetes, heart failure, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cared for by the identified primary care practices.MeasurementsSNA network measures, including edge density, degree centralization, and betweenness centralization for each practice.ResultsWhen compared to practices with MDs and nurse practitioners (NPs) or/and physicians assistants (PAs), the practices with MDs only had lower degree of centralization and higher MD‐to‐MD connectedness. Within the primary care practices comprising MDs, NPs or/and PAs, the non‐physician providers were more connected (measured as edge density) to all providers in the practice but with higher degree of centralization compared to the MDs in the practice. After adjusting for patient characteristics and type of practice, higher edge density was associated with lower odds of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR]: 0.89, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.79–0.99), emergency department (ER) admission (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.70–0.92), and total spending (cost ratio [CR]: 0.86, standard error of the mean [SE]: 0.038). Conversely, higher degree centralization was associated with higher rates of hospitalization (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.03–1.28), ER admission (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.08–1.40), and total spending (CR: 1.14, SE: 0.037). However, higher degree centralization was associated with lower rates of potentially inappropriate medications (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.81, 0.99). Team leadership by an NP versus an MD were similar in the rate of ER admissions, hospitalizations, or total spending.ConclusionOur findings showed that highly connected primary care practices with high collaborative care and less top‐down MD‐centered authority have lower odds of hospitalization, fewer ER admissions, and less total spending; findings likely reflecting better communication and more coordinated care of older patients.
The health care utilization model: Application to dental care use for Black and Hispanic children
Authors: Song Jihee , Tomar Scott , Duncan R. Paul , Fogarty Kate , Johns Tracy , Kim Jeong Nam 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the pathway associated with dental service use among Hispanic and non‐Hispanic Black children, applying Andersen's model of health care service utilization.MethodsSamples of Hispanic (n = 5,055) and non‐Hispanic (NH) Black (n = 2,695) children aged 2–17 years from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) were included in this study. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the path of the relationship between dental care visits and the three groups of characteristics in Andersen's behavioral model.ResultsIn the models for Hispanic and non‐Hispanic Black children, parents' educational attainment directly and positively affected income and having insurance. Also, insurance (Hispanic children: β = 0.17, P ≤ 0.01; NH Black children: β = 0.25, P ≤ 0.01) and age of the child (Hispanic children: β = 0.14, P ≤ 0.01; NH Black: β = 0.21, P ≤ 0.01) directly and positively affected dental care use. However, there was no direct effect of the need factor on dental care use in either model.ConclusionsChildren may receive dental services that eliminate acute dental problems, probably as a result of the ACA and CHIP coverage. The patterns of findings suggest the need for policy changes to improve pediatric dental coverage and promote professional recommendations for effective dental hygiene.
Circulating cell‐free DNA species affect the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in treated chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Papatheodoridi Alkistis , Chatzigeorgiou Antonios , Chrysavgis Lampros , Lembessis Panagiotis , Loglio Alessandro , Facchetti Floriana , Cholongitas Evangelos , Koutsilieris Michael , Lampertico Pietro , Papatheodoridis George 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may still develop in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients even under effective long‐term oral antiviral therapy, but its pathogenesis in the setting of long‐standing inhibition of viral replication has not been completely elucidated. We investigated whether species of circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) may be involved in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis in treated CHB patients. Serum samples were obtained from HBeAg‐negative CHB patients with (HCC cases, n = 37) or without HCC development during the first 5 years of oral antiviral therapy (controls, n = 74). HCC cases and controls were matched 1:2 for age, sex and platelets. Determination of different circulating cfDNA species (before HCC diagnosis in HCC cases) including total cfDNA quantity, levels of Alu repeat DNA and RNase P coding DNA, copies of mitochondrial DNA and levels of 5‐methyl‐2′‐deoxycytidine as an indicator of DNA methylation was performed. HCC cases compared with controls had higher median levels of Alu247 (123 vs 69 genomic equivalent, p = .042) and RNase P coding DNA (68 vs 15 genomic equivalent, p < .001). In contrast, median cfDNA concentration, Alu115 levels, Alu247/Alu115 ratio as an index of DNA integrity and mitochondrial DNA copies did not differ significantly between HCC cases and controls. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that levels RNase P coding DNA offered good prediction of subsequent HCC development (c‐statistic: 0.80, p < .001). In conclusion, serum levels of RNase P coding DNA are increased years before HCC diagnosis and could be potentially helpful in the prediction of the HCC risk in treated HBeAg‐negative CHB patients.
Of clocks and coenzymes in plants: intimately connected cycles guiding central metabolism?
Authors: Fitzpatrick Teresa B. , Noordally Zeenat 
Published: December 2020

SummaryPlant fitness is a measure of the capacity of a plant to survive and reproduce in its particular environment. It is inherently dependent on plant health. Molecular timekeepers like the circadian clock enhance fitness due to their ability to coordinate biochemical and physiological processes with the environment on a daily basis. Central metabolism underlies these events and it is well established that diel metabolite adjustments are intimately and reciprocally associated with the genetically encoded clock. Thus, metabolic pathway activities are time‐of‐day regulated. Metabolite rhythms are driven by enzymes, a major proportion of which rely on organic coenzymes to facilitate catalysis. The B vitamin complex is the key provider of coenzymes in all organisms. Emerging evidence suggests that B vitamin levels themselves undergo daily oscillations in animals but has not been studied in any depth in plants. Moreover, it is rarely considered that daily rhythmicity in coenzyme levels may dictate enzyme activity levels and therefore metabolite levels. Here we put forward the proposal that B‐vitamin‐derived coenzyme rhythmicity is intertwined with metabolic and clock derived rhythmicity to achieve a tripartite homeostasis integrated into plant fitness.
Synergistic effect of platelet‐rich plasma in combination with fractional carbon dioxide laser versus its combination with pulsed dye laser in striae distensae: A comparative study
Authors: Neinaa Yomna Mazid El‐Hamd , Gheida Shereen Farouk , Mohamed Dareen Abd El‐Aziz 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundStriae distensae (SD) are very common atrophic cutaneous scarring that are therapeutically challenging. Various kinds of laser had been suggested as effective treatment modalities for SD. In addition, platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) was recently recommended for its therapy.ObjectiveTo evaluate the synergistic role of PRP injection as a combined modality to fractional CO2 laser (Fr CO2) versus its combination with pulsed dye laser (PDL) in SD.Patients and methodsThirty SD patients were included in this study and treated by intradermal injection of autologous PRP on both sides, followed by laser therapy (Fr CO2 laser on right side and PDL on left side). They received 3 treatment sessions at 6 weeks interval.ResultsBoth treatment sides reported significant clinical improvements of SD lesions, evidenced by significant reduction of width of striae lesions and significant improvement of skin texture. Furthermore, significantly higher degree of clinical improvements were observed in response to treatment sessions by combined PRP with Fr CO2 laser rather than combined PRP with PDL. Generally, post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) were mild in all patients. Histopathologically, SD lesions showed improvement of epidermal thickness, and more homogenization and regular orientation of dermal collagen fibers in both treatment sides, with more significant improvement on the side treated by combined PRP with Fr CO2 laser sessions rather than the other side.ConclusionsPRP injection in combination with Fr CO2 laser or PDL is considered safe and effective therapeutic regimens for SD. However, its combination with Fr CO2 laser is more promising with better outcome and fewer side effects.
Prevalence of mild behavioural impairment: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pan Yining , Shea Yat‐Fung , Li Siwen , Chen Ruijun , Mak Henry Ka‐Fung , Chiu Patrick Ka‐Chun , Chu Leung‐Wing , Song You‐qiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimMild behavioural impairment (MBI) is a neurobehavioural syndrome characterized by emergent neuropsychiatric symptoms in later life. There has been no systematic review or meta‐analysis on the prevalence of MBI. The main aim of the study is to calculate the pooled prevalence of MBI.MethodsA search of the literature on MBI in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), cognitively normal (CN), and subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) and CN but at risk (CN‐AR) subjects published between 1 January 2003 and 28 September 2020 was conducted. Meta‐analysis using a random effects model was performed to determine the pooled estimate of the prevalence of MBI. Meta‐regression was performed to identify factors contributing to the variance of prevalence rate. A systematic review was also performed to study the impact of MBI in cognitive outcomes and its correlation to the pathology and genetics of Alzheimer's disease.ResultsEleven studies conducted among 15 689 subjects underwent meta‐analysis, revealing the pooled prevalence of MBI to be 33.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 22.6%–46.6%). Seven studies conducted among 1358 MCI subjects underwent meta‐analysis, revealing the pooled prevalence to be 45.5% (95%CI: 36.1%–55.3%). Four studies conducted among 13 153 CN subjects underwent meta‐analysis, revealing the pooled prevalence to be 17.0% (95%CI: 7.2%–34.9%). Five studies conducted among 1158 SCI or CN‐AR subjects underwent meta‐analysis, revealing the pooled prevalence to be 35.8% (95%CI: 21.4%–53.2%). A systematic review of 13 studies showed that MBI has a significant impact on cognitive deterioration and is associated with the pathology and genetics of Alzheimer's disease.ConclusionsIn MCI, CN, and SCI and CN‐AR subjects, MBI is common. Our finding is potentially useful in planning future clinical trials.
Influence of Manufacturing Variation on the Dynamic and Tribological Performance of Tilting Pad Journal Bearings
Authors: Urbiola-Soto Leonardo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA robust approach to investigate a tilting pad journal bearing (TPJB) as a whole tolerance stack-up assembly is presented. Normal component variation within actual design tolerances is considered. The vector loop is expanded via Taylor series for sensitive analysis. The bearing shell and tilting pad machined radiuses for each pad are found to be the more influential dimensional characteristics on the assembled clearance and preload. A leading edge relief (LER) was used to avoid unloaded pads fluttering, while maintaining a satisfactory bearing assembled clearance in the loaded pads throughout the resultant preload variation. Pivot flexibility and preload loss due to pad wear in service life were included in the preload variation assessment. Surface response multivariate multiresponse models were built for a 4-pad TPJB under load between pad (LBP) and load on pad (LOP) configurations. Desirability functions rendered the maximum and minimum rotordynamic coefficient and tribological parameter responses across speed. The LOP configuration showed more variation in the direct rotordynamic coefficients, while the LBP configuration indicated more sensitive cross-coupled coefficients with very strong sign change in some cases. Among the tribological performance parameters, the eccentricity and pad maximum pressure were more affected, followed by the minimum film thickness, and weakly by the power loss, and oil film temperature. The dispersion of the tribology parameters under normal manufacturing variation is found of importance. Four, and seven extreme geometrical state cases were identified for the LBP, and LOP bearing configurations, respectively.
Application of Ultrasonic Guided Wave in LMPH Tube of Ethylene Cracking Furnace
Authors: Ding Ju , Zhang Min , Liu Shuhong , Fu Minghai , Zhang Pugen , Wang Jielu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
LMPH (Radiation heat exchange tube), the key section of ethylene cracking furnace, has various failure behaviors (e.g., carbonation, vulcanization, oxidation, and deformation) because of its rigorous working conditions and complicated structure [1]. In this paper, the ultrasonic guided wave is applicable to inspect the interior and surface of the LMPH tube. The results demonstrate that large components in the similar structure of the heat exchange bent tube bundle can be inspected effectively, efficiently, conveniently, compared with the traditional inspection method. One inspection example of an ethylene cracking furnace tube bundle is forwarded. The paper also provides an engineering application/case and valuable crafting process for the detection of similar structures by the ultrasonic guided wave method.
Ductile Crack Growth Resistance and Rotation Behavior of Miniature C(T) Specimen
Authors: Shinko Tomoki , Yamamoto Masato 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A utilization of a miniature compact tension (Mini-C(T)) specimen is expected to enable effective use of limited remaining surveillance specimens for the structural integrity assessment of a Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV). For developing a direct fracture toughness evaluation method using Mini-C(T) specimen in the upper-shelf temperature range as well as ductile-brittle transition temperature range, this study is aimed to experimentally characterize the Mini-C(T) specimen’s size effect on ductile crack growth resistance and interpolate its mechanism. Mini-C(T) specimen and 0.5T-C(T) specimen were prepared from a Japanese RPV steel SQV2A, and the ductile crack growth tests were conducted on them at room temperature. As a result, the crack growth resistance of Mini-C(T) and 0.5T-C(T) specimens are comparable if the crack extension Δa is less than 0.5 mm. On the other hand, if Δa exceeds 0.5 mm, the crack growth resistance of Mini-C(T) specimen becomes lower than that of 0.5T-C(T) specimen. The measurements of stretch zone width and depth support the fact that the fracture toughness for ductile crack initiation of Mini-C(T) specimen is lower than that of 0.5T-C(T) specimen. From the rotational (crack mouth opening) deformation of Mini-C(T) specimen was measured by simultaneously measuring load-line and front face displacements. The distance between the crack tip and the rotation center of Mini-C(T) specimen is smaller than that of 0.5T-C(T) specimen during the test. Furthermore, The plastic zone in front of the crack tip reaches the rotation center up to the crack extension of Δa = 0.3 mm on Mini-C(T) specimen, indicating that the mechanism of the specimen size effect of Mini-C(T) specimen is likely a plastic constraint due to the influence of the rotation center locating near the crack tip. This suggests that the specimen size effect of Mini-C(T) specimen on ductile crack growth resistance is expected to be corrected by considering an effect of the plastic constraint.
Research on Implementation Method and Technical Application of Risk Assessment to Storage Tank at National Petroleum Reserves
Authors: Fang Zhou , Wang Zhe , Li Guanghai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The inspection method based on risk was studied about 23 large tanks of a national strategic oil reserve base, which was a relatively large research work, because the tank inspection was a non-statutory inspection that received little attention, and the risk assessment method of large oil storage tanks in the actual project application was not mature enough. The basic information of 23 nominal volume one hundred thousand cubic meters crude oil tank was collected and sorted. 23 storage tanks under the application of risk assessment are all aboveground atmospheric storage tanks. 23 storage tanks are all floating-roof tanks, whose host materials include SPV490Q, 16MnR, Q235-B, and Q235-A; the containing medium for storage tank are crude oil, and time-to-use starts from August 2006 to April 2007. The implementation process of tank risk assessment was described, and the process of implementing risk assessment was described in detail. The method of risk trend analysis is studied, and the routine maintenance and maintenance suggestions are given. The results show that the risk assessment method for the tank can be implemented, and has been recognized by the tank management unit, providing a rare real case.
Major Hazards Modeling of Pressurized Special Equipment in Chemical Industry Parks Based on FCBPSS Method
Authors: Song Pan , Pu Zhe , Ren Bin , Wang Jielu , Liu Shuhong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Based on the identification of major hazards of pressurized special equipment (PSE) in chemical industry parks, a domain model of major hazards using FCBPSS (Function-Context-Behavior-Principle-State-Structure) method is built in this paper. The characteristics of this model is that it studies major hazards of PSE in the perspective of system by learning its several important concepts, namely function, context, behavior, principle, state and structure, which provides theoretical basis for further study on the dynamic supervision. Furthermore, the model gives powerful technical support to the accident emergency response of pressurized special equipment in chemical industry parks.
Acceptance Criteria for the Mechanical Integrity of Clad/Base Metal Interface for High Temperature Nuclear Reactor Cladded Components
Authors: Barua B. , Messner M. C. , Rovinelli A. , Sham T.-L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The existing Class A metallic materials qualified in the ASME Section III, Division 5 rules for high temperature nuclear reactors do not have optimal corrosion resistance for some reactor coolants such as liquid lead, lead/bismuth eutectic, and molten salts which is a major constraint on long life designs. A near term solution to this limitation is the use of cladded components — overlay the Class A materials with a thin layer of some corrosion resistant material. However, this necessitates the development of a design method for cladded components without requiring long-term testing of clad materials in order to support the near-term deployment of these advanced reactor systems. In two other PVP papers [PVP2020-21469, PVP2020-21493], the development of such design method along with a complete set of design rules and clad selection criteria are presented. However, the developed design rules and clad selection criteria are based on a priori assumption of perfect bonding between the clad and base materials. In practice the clad/base debonding may occur before the end of the design life of the component. Therefore, this paper focuses on developing a general acceptance test for checking whether the mechanical integrity of the clad/ base metal interface will be retained till the end of the design life. This work proposes to perform temperature cycling tests on cladded buttons of 12.7 mm diameter and a few mm thickness. A simple analytical expression is provided to determine the temperature range for the temperature cycling tests so that the clad/base interface shear stress intensity at the edge of the cladded button mimics the maximum interface shear stress intensity experienced by the component during the design transients. The paper also provides a method to determine the clad/base interfacial shear stress from finite element structural analysis of components.
Fatigue Life Modeling Using Nitinol Data
Authors: Harlow D. Gary 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Nitinol is a shape memory alloy that has become very popular for medical applications. Specifically, Nitinol tubing is used as peripheral stents, cardio stents and other medical implant devices. Medical implants subjected to blood pressure experience approximately 40 million cycles per year, which necessitates a life expectancy of at least 600 million cycles. Consequently, modeling the fatigue life of Nitinol is critical because failure could result in severe consequences, if not death. The purpose of this work is to model a rather robust set of fatigue data for Nitinol tubes. A phenomenological distribution function for fatigue life is considered. The form of the distribution function includes a kernel that incorporates time dependent loading, mechanical breakdown, and statistical behavior. The approach is a form of the classical accelerated life model in which covariates are included to account for physical attributes that directly influence lifetime. Because of the generality in the formalism, the model is applicable for a variety of loading conditions. The modeling for the Nitinol data is a combination of traditional stress–life methods with a Weibull distribution function. The proposed approach incorporates stress dependencies in the distribution parameters. Also, the Weibull distribution is assumed to be in the form of a three–parameter distribution rather than the more frequently used two–parameter. To assess the validity of the proposed methodology confidence bounds will be estimated for the data.
A Moral Intervention Reduces Doping Likelihood in British and Greek Athletes: Evidence From a Cluster Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Kavussanu Maria , Hurst Philip , Yukhymenko-Lescroart Mariya , Galanis Evangelos , King Ailish , Hatzigeorgiadis Antonis , Ring Christopher 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: The authors aimed to develop a moral intervention and to determine whether it was more effective in preventing doping than an educational (i.e., knowledge-based) intervention; their primary outcome was doping likelihood, and the secondary outcomes were moral identity, moral disengagement, moral atmosphere, and anticipated guilt. Methods: Eligible athletes (N = 303) in the United Kingdom and Greece took part in the study. The authors randomly assigned 33 clubs to either the moral or the educational intervention. They measured outcomes pre- and postintervention and at 3- and 6-month follow-up. Results: Athletes in both interventions in both countries reported lower doping likelihood and moral disengagement and higher guilt from pre- to postintervention. These effects were maintained at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. There were no effects on moral identity or moral atmosphere. Conclusions: In addition to disseminating information about doping, doping prevention programs should include content that focuses on moral variables.