bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Authentic Leaders Creating Healthy Work Environments for Nursing Practice
Authors: Shirey Maria R. 
Published: November 2019

Implementation of authentic leadership can affect not only the nursing workforce and the profession but the healthcare delivery system and society as a whole. Creating a healthy work environment for nursing practice is crucial to maintain an adequate nursing workforce; the stressful nature of the profession often leads to burnout, disability, and high absenteeism and ultimately contributes to the escalating shortage of nurses. Leaders play a pivotal role in retention of nurses by shaping the healthcare practice environment to produce quality outcomes for staff nurses and patients. Few guidelines are available, however, for creating and sustaining the critical elements of a healthy work environment.In 2005, the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses released a landmark publication specifying 6 standards (skilled communication, true collaboration, effective decision making, appropriate staffing, meaningful recognition, and authentic leadership) necessary to establish and sustain healthy work environments in healthcare. Authentic leadership was described as the “glue” needed to hold together a healthy work environment. Now, the roles and relationships of authentic leaders in the healthy work environment are clarified as follows: An expanded definition of authentic leadership and its attributes (eg, genuineness, trustworthiness, reliability, compassion, and believability) is presented. Mechanisms by which authentic leaders can create healthy work environments for practice (eg, engaging employees in the work environment to promote positive behaviors) are described. A practical guide on how to become an authentic leader is advanced. A research agenda to advance the study of authentic leadership in nursing practice through collaboration between nursing and business is proposed.
Katedra právní teorie a sto let brněnské právní teorie
Authors: Večeřa Miloš 
Published: November 2019

Weyrova brněnská škola právní teorie zanechala v právní teorii a právní vědě nesmazatelnou stopu. Při rekonstituování katedry právní teorie po pádu socialismu poskytla tradice brněnské právní školy vedle nových myšlenek i entuziasmus budování nové teorie práva a právní vědy. Prováděné polistopadové změny se týkaly personálního obsazení katedry, studijních plánů, náplně vyučovaných předmětů, zavádění nových předmětů a zpracování nových studijních pomůcek. Odideologizování právní vědy umožnilo rozvoj vědecké a výzkumné činnosti. Tradice brněnské právní školy je pro katedru právní teorie zavazující výzvou.
Mezi občanským a soukromým právem. Systematické pojetí výuky na Katedře občanského práva Právnické fakulty Masarykovy univerzity
Authors: Hurdík Jan 
Published: November 2019

Článek nabízí shrnující pohled „zevnitř“ na historii systémového pojetí a vzájemných systémových vazeb občanského a soukromého právo a na jejich odraz ve struktuře katedry občanského práva a v systémovém přístupu k výuce občanského práva od znovuobnovení právnické fakulty v roce 1969 do současnosti, včetně výhledů do budoucna.
Ohlédnutí za 50letým vývojem oboru „správní právo“ a katedry správní vědy a správního práva
Authors: Průcha Petr 
Published: November 2019

Příspěvek poskytuje pohled jeho autora na 50letý vývoj oboru „správní právo“ a Katedry správní vědy a správního práva na Právnické fakultě Masarykovy univerzity. Postupně v několika návazných časových etapách tohoto vývoje poukazuje na personální obsazení katedry, zaměření výuky, vědecko-výzkumnou činnost i celkový rozvoj oboru. Příspěvek se opírá o známé či doložitelné faktografické údaje, přesto je však převážně osobním pohledem a výpovědí autora o připomínaných skutečnostech.
Reminder Systems for Improving Adherence among HIV-infected Adolescents Attending a Tertiary Facility in Abuja
Authors: Eloho Ekop Eno , Adeline Okechukwu Adaora 
Published: November 2019

Background: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is a key factor in the successful treatment of people living with HIV infection. Use of reminder system has been shown to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy. This study was conducted to identify the reminder systems used by the HIV-infected adolescents in our health facility and determine the relationships with adherence using self-report and pill count.
Study Design: This was a cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was done at Paediatric Special Treatment Clinic of the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. The data collection was over a six month period, September 2015 to February, 2016.
Methodology: This was a face-to-face interviewer administered pretested questionnaire-based study. Adherence was measured using three-day recall self report and pill count, with convenience sampling method employed.
Results: One-hundred and forty-five adolescents aged 10 years to 19 years participated in the study, 80(55.2%) were males, 78(53.8%)%) were between the ages of 10-13 years, 111(76.6%) were Christians, 91(62.7%) had secondary level of education, and 61(42.1%) were from the middle socio-economic class. The most common reminder systems used were the alarm devices 43(29.7%), timers 34(23.4%) and parents 39(26.9%). Twenty-two (15.2%) participants did not use any form of reminders for their self-care. Use of reminder systems had a statistically significant relationship with gender (P= .031), social class (P = .003) and self-report (P = <0.001).
Conclusion: The alarm system was mostly used by adolescents for their medication adherence and was associated with gender, social class and self-reporting. It is hoped that interventional studies will be carried out on the use of types of electronic reminder devices to ARV medications with the aim of its integration into the routine care of HIV-infected adolescents in Nigeria.
Effect of Mobile Phone Reminders and Recalls on Missed Immunisations among Infants in Two Health Facilities in Abakaliki, Nigeria
Authors: Eze N. C. , Azuogu B. N. , Okoronkwo I. L. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Missed immunisation (MI) may contribute to low immunisation coverage in diverse settings, especially developing countries. Receipt of vaccines at the recommended ages and intervals will ensure that children are adequately protected from target diseases at all times. Immunisation reminder and recall (RR) systems are cost-effective methods of improving adherence to recommended immunisation schedules. This study, therefore, determined the effect of immunisation reminders and recalls on reducing missed immunisations in Abakaliki.
Materials and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study conducted among caregivers of infants in rural health facilities in Abakaliki. Mile-Four and St. Vincent hospitals located in Ebonyi and Izzi Local Government Areas (LGA) respectively in Ebonyi State were selected purposively. Mile-Four was assigned intervention group and St. Vincent as control group. The sample size was determined using the formula for comparing two proportions. Caregiver-child pair was recruited during the infants’ BCG or Pentavalent vaccines 1 immunisation visit and followed till the final scheduled immunisation visit for each child. Data was collected using a questionnaire, proforma and checklist. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22.0 was used for analysis. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research and Ethics Committee (REC) of the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (FETHA).
Results: A greater proportion of respondents in the intervention group (8.3%) missed vaccination at the 6th and 10th weeks when compared with the 4.1% and 6.9% for the above mentioned weeks respectively in the control group. In the control group, a greater proportion (22.1%) missed vaccination than the intervention group (8.9%) at the 14th week, a difference in the proportion that was significant (p=0.04). Relative to female caregivers, male caregivers are 6.2 times more likely to miss immunisation in the intervention group. They are 2.3 times more likely to miss immunisation than the female ones in the control group. Those at older age (≥30 years) are 1.2 times more likely to miss immunisation than those of younger age group.
Conclusion: Mobile phone reminders and recall has proven effective in reducing childhood missed immunisations and non-compliance in Abakaliki. Implementation of immunisation reminders and recall systems is therefore recommended in immunisation clinics in developing countries especially in Nigeria for immunisation timeliness and completion.
Causes of Illness and Preterm Infant Deaths in a Low Resource Setting in Southern Nigeria: A 5 Year Review
Authors: Briggs D. , Opara P. , Okpani M. , Eneh A. 
Published: November 2019

Background: About 45% of deaths among under-fives occur during the neonatal period with a high contribution from preterm infant deaths. Regular evaluation of preterm deaths is important as patterns and therefore intervention may vary at different times and places.
Objectives: To determine the common causes of illness and death among preterm infants admitted to the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), over a 5 year period.
Methods: This was a retrospective review of data of preterm babies admitted to the SCBU from 2012 – 2016. Information obtained included biodata, nature of illness, duration of admission and outcomes. Data were collated and analyzed using SPSS v20 for windows.
Results: 3,071 babies were admitted in SCBU over the period, of which 683 (22.2%) were preterms. Of these, 421 (61.6%) were in-born while 262 (38.4%) were out-born. The male: female ratio was 0.9:1. Morbidity patterns varied with birth asphyxia (20%) ranking highest among in-borns while sepsis (21%) and neonatal jaundice (15%) were more prominent in out-borns. The overall preterm mortality rate was 24.6 % with rates being significantly higher in out-born 30.5% versus in-born 20.9% (p=0.004). Mortality was highest among low birth weight preterms. Admission rates decreased steadily over the period.
Conclusion: Birth asphyxia and sepsis were the main morbidities recorded. Mortality rates were higher among outborns. Low birth weight preterms were most affected because they were in the majority. There was a steady decline in admission rates. Improving obstetric care, neonatal resuscitation, infrastructure and subsidizing healthcare services for preterms is needful.
Hypoxaemia in Nigerian Children Presenting to the Children Emergency Ward (CHEW) of a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Boma Okoh , Tamunopriye Jaja 
Published: November 2019

Aim: To determine the prevalence of hypoxaemia and predictors of signs of hypoxaemia in children with various disease conditions admitted into the CHEW of a tertiary health facility.
Place and Duration: Department of Paediatrics (Children Emergency Ward). Study was done from 1st February to 30th April 2015.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study of 129 children admitted into the CHEW with various disease conditions. Biodata and clinical examination was done in all patients. Oxygen saturation (SpO2) was determined at admission using pulse oximeter for every sick child admitted. Hypoxaemia was defined as SpO2 less than 90%.
Results: One hundred and twenty nine children were studied. Ages of subjects ranged between 0.08years and 17 years with a mean age of 3.06 ± 3.65 years. The mean age of 3.34 ± 3.97 years for males was higher than 2.70 ± 3.22 years for females. Thirty one (24%) children had hypoxaemia on admission with 20(64.5%) with respiratory diseases. Infants (P=.004) and children with respiratory disease (P=.047) had a significantly higher prevalence of hypoxaemia among the study group.
Chest in drawing was a common feature but grunting had the best positive predictive value of more than 80% but with low sensitivity of 3.
Conclusion: Hypoxaemia is prevalent in children who are ill and need emergency care. Respiratory diseases and infants account for a major proportion of hypoxaemic children seen in emergency wards. Chest in drawing is a common feature from different studies; presence of grunting was highly predictive in this study although had low sensitivity.
Validation of the RayStation Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm using a realistic lung phantom
Authors: Schreuder Andries N. , Bridges Daniel S. , Rigsby Lauren , Blakey Marc , Janson Martin , Hedrick Samantha G. , Wilkinson John B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeOur purposes are to compare the accuracy of RaySearch's analytical pencil beam (APB) and Monte Carlo (MC) algorithms for clinical proton therapy and to present clinical validation data using a novel animal tissue lung phantom.MethodsWe constructed a realistic lung phantom composed of a rack of lamb resting on a stack of rectangular natural cork slabs simulating lung tissue. The tumor was simulated using 70% lean ground lamb meat inserted in a spherical hole with diameter 40 ± 5 mm carved into the cork slabs. A single‐field plan using an anterior beam and a two‐field plan using two anterior‐oblique beams were delivered to the phantom. Ion chamber array measurements were taken medial and distal to the tumor. Measured doses were compared with calculated RayStation APB and MC calculated doses.ResultsOur lung phantom enabled measurements with the MatriXX PT at multiple depths in the phantom. Using the MC calculations, the 3%/3 mm gamma index pass rates, comparing measured with calculated doses, for the distal planes were 74.5% and 85.3% for the APB and 99.1% and 92% for the MC algorithms. The measured data revealed up to 46% and 30% underdosing within the distal regions of the target volume for the single and the two field plans when APB calculations are used. These discrepancies reduced to less than 18% and 7% respectively using the MC calculations.ConclusionsRaySearch Laboratories' Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm is superior to the pencil‐beam algorithm for lung targets. Clinicians relying on the analytical pencil‐beam algorithm should be aware of its pitfalls for this site and verify dose prior to delivery. We conclude that the RayStation MC algorithm is reliable and more accurate than the APB algorithm for lung targets and therefore should be used to plan proton therapy for patients with lung cancer.
Implantable Neural Interfaces and Wearable Tactile Systems for Bidirectional Neuroprosthetics Systems
Authors: Cutrone Annarita , Micera Silvestro 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNeuroprosthetics and neuromodulation represent a promising field for several related applications in the central and peripheral nervous system, such as the treatment of neurological disorders, the control of external robotic devices, and the restoration of lost tactile functions. These actions are allowed by the neural interface, a miniaturized implantable device that most commonly exploits electrical energy to fulfill these operations. A neural interface must be biocompatible, stable over time, low invasive, and highly selective; the challenge is to develop a safe, compact, and reliable tool for clinical applications. In case of anatomical impairments, neuroprosthetics is bound to the need of exploring the surrounding environment by fast‐responsive and highly sensitive artificial tactile sensors that mimic the natural sense of touch. Tactile sensors and neural interfaces are closely interconnected since the readouts from the first are required to convey information to the neural implantable apparatus. The role of these devices is pivotal hence technical improvements are essential to ensure a secure system to be eventually adopted in daily life. This review highlights the fundamental criteria for the design and microfabrication of neural interfaces and artificial tactile sensors, their use in clinical applications, and future enhancements for the release of a second generation of devices.
Benchmark of Simplified Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theory for UV–Vis Spectral Properties of Porphyrinoids
Authors: Batra Kamal , Zahn Stefan , Heine Thomas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTime‐dependent density functional theory is thoroughly benchmarked for the predictive calculation of UV–vis spectra of porphyrin derivatives. With the aim to provide an approach that is computationally feasible for large‐scale applications such as biological systems or molecular framework materials, albeit performing with high accuracy for the Q‐bands, the results given by various computational protocols, including basis sets, density‐functionals (including gradient corrected local functionals, hybrids, double hybrids and range‐separated functionals), and various variants of time‐dependent density functional theory, including the simplified Tamm–Dancoff approximation, are compared. An excellent choice for these calculations is the range‐separated functional CAM‐B3LYP in combination with the simplified Tamm–Dancoff approximation and a basis set of double‐ζ quality def2‐SVP (mean absolute error [MAE] of ≈0.05 eV). This is not surpassed by more expensive approaches, not even by double hybrid functionals, and solely systematic excitation energy scaling slightly improves the results (MAE ≈0.04 eV).
Rate of rhinosinusitis and sinus surgery following a minimally destructive approach to endoscopic transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
Authors: Rimmer Ryan A. , Vimawala Swar , Chitguppi Chandala , Reilly Erin K. , Graf Alexander E. , Fastenberg Judd H. , Evans James J. , Rosen Marc R. , Rabinowitz Mindy R. , Nyquist Gurston G. 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThere remains considerable variation in the extent of sinonasal preservation during the approach for endoscopic transsphenoidal hypophysectomy (TSH). We advocate for a minimally destructive approach utilizing turbinate lateralization, small posterior septectomy, no ethmoidectomy, and preservation of nasoseptal flap (NSF) pedicles bilaterally. Due to these factors, this approach may affect the rates of postoperative rhinosinusitis. The objective of this study is to define the rates of postoperative rhinosinusitis in patients undergoing this approach.MethodsSingle institution, retrospective chart review of patients undergoing TSH from 2005 to 2018.ResultsA total of 415 patients were identified and 14% developed an episode of postoperative rhinosinusitis within 3 months. These patients were significantly more likely to have had a history of recurrent acute or chronic rhinosinusitis. Most cases were sphenoethmoidal sinusitis managed with 1 to 2 courses of antibiotics. Of patients with postoperative rhinosinusitis, most did not undergo NSF. Average follow‐up was 38 months. Six patients (1.4%) underwent post‐TSH functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Average time from TSH to FESS was 26.3 months. Two of these patients had a history of prior chronic rhinosinusitis without polyposis. Two patients underwent revision TSH for recurrent tumor as the primary indication for surgery at time of FESS. Twenty‐two–item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) scores generally increased immediately postoperatively, but frequently decreased below preoperative level by the time of last follow‐up, regardless of whether patients developed rhinosinusitis.ConclusionSinonasal preservation during TSH is associated with a low rate of postoperative rhinosinusitis requiring FESS and excellent long‐term patient reported outcomes. We continue to advocate for sinonasal preservation during pituitary surgery.
The Chemical Potential of Plasmonic Excitations
Authors: Yu Sungju , Jain Prashant K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBy the photoexcitation of localized surface plasmon resonances of metal nanoparticles, one can generate reaction equivalents for driving redox reactions. We show that, in such cases, there is a chemical potential contributed by the plasmonic excitation. This chemical potential is a function of the concentration of light, as we determine from the light‐intensity‐dependent activity in the plasmon‐excitation‐driven reduction of CO2 on Au nanoparticles. Our finding allows the treatment of plasmonic excitation as a reagent in chemical reactions; the chemical potential of this reagent is tunable by the light intensity.
Separation of Bromoalkanes Isomers by Nonporous Adaptive Crystals of Leaning Pillar[6]arene
Authors: Wu Jia‐Rui , Li Bao , Yang Ying‐Wei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHaloalkanes are important chemicals in synthetic chemistry and petrochemical industry, but the separation of their isomers is a big hurdle. Herein, we report a facile energy‐efficient adsorptive separation strategy using a new class of nonporous adaptive crystals based on leaning pillar[6]arene. Desolvated perethylated leaning pillar[6]arene crystals (EtLP6) with interesting nonporous character show a preference for 1‐bromoalkane isomers over 2‐bromoalkane isomers. EtLP6 is capable of separating 1‐bromopropane, 1‐bromobutane, and 1‐bromopentane from the corresponding 1:1 (v/v) mixtures of 1/2‐positional isomers with purities from 89.6 % to 96.3 % in only one adsorption cycle. The selectivity is endowed by the different host–guest binding modes and different stabilities of EtLP6 crystalloids loaded with 1‐ and 2‐positional isomers. Significantly, the guest–adsorbed assemblies are highly stable at room temperature and EtLP6 can be reused many times without any decrease in performance.
Lewis‐Pair‐Mediated Selective Dimerization and Polymerization of Lignocellulose‐Based β‐Angelica Lactone into Biofuel and Acrylic Bioplastic
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Jun , Hong Miao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis contribution reports an unprecedentedly efficient dimerization and the first successful polymerization of lignocellulose‐based β‐angelica lactone (β‐AL) by utilizing a selective Lewis pair (LP) catalytic system, thereby establishing a versatile bio‐refinery platform wherein two products, including a dimer for high‐quality gasoline‐like biofuel (C8–C9branched alkanes, yield=87 %) and a heat‐ and solvent‐resistant acrylic bioplastic (Mnup to 26.0 kg mol−1), can be synthesized from one feedstock by one catalytic system. The underlying reason for exquisite selectivity of the LP catalytic system toward dimerization and polymerization was explored mechanistically.
Expanding the Toolbox of Metal–Phenolic Networks via Enzyme‐Mediated Assembly
Authors: Zhong Qi‐Zhi , Richardson Joseph J. , Li Shiyao , Zhang Wenjie , Ju Yi , Li Jianhua , Pan Shuaijun , Chen Jingqu , Caruso Frank 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFunctional coatings are of considerable interest because of their fundamental implications for interfacial assembly and promise for numerous applications. Universally adherent materials have recently emerged as versatile functional coatings; however, such coatings are generally limited to catechol, (ortho‐diphenol)‐containing molecules, as building blocks. Here, we report a facile, biofriendly enzyme‐mediated strategy for assembling a wide range of molecules (e.g., 14 representative molecules in this study) that do not natively have catechol moieties, including small molecules, peptides, and proteins, on various surfaces, while preserving the molecule's inherent function, such as catalysis (≈80 % retention of enzymatic activity for trypsin). Assembly is achieved by in situ conversion of monophenols into catechols via tyrosinase, where films form on surfaces via covalent and coordination cross‐linking. The resulting coatings are robust, functional (e.g., in protective coatings, biological imaging, and enzymatic catalysis), and versatile for diverse secondary surface‐confined reactions (e.g., biomineralization, metal ion chelation, and N‐hydroxysuccinimide conjugation).