bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contradictions and strengths in activity systems: Enhancing insights into human activity in IS adoption research
Authors: Kamanga Raphael , Alexander Patricia M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractActivity Theory is increasingly employed in Information Systems research because of its ability to provide insights into the outcomes of human‐technology interaction. At the heart of the modern Activity Theory is the principle of contradictions; contradictions are considered to be the driving force behind the transformation of tool‐mediated human activities within organizations and communities. The study examined the facilitated adoption of Accounting Information Systems by microenterprises in a low‐income community in South Africa. Using the study, this paper demonstrates the potential and value of leveraging both strengths and contradictions in activity systems. Although identifying and resolving contradictions is crucial to the development of human activity, in the context of this research a limitation was identified. In studying relationships between the elements of an activity or between activities, researchers using Activity Theory do not generally highlight the strong relationships. The inclusion of strengths in the analysis of activity systems is a feature that could be utilised by Activity Theorists where there is a need to assess the viability of the activity under examination. Though the paper emphasises a theoretical contribution, the study itself had a practical contribution based on the use of Activity Theory as a Participatory Action Research to empower the subjects (entrepreneurs) within the community.
A comparative study of the laboratory features of COVID‐19 and other viral pneumonias in the recovery stage
Authors: Zhao Guolian , Su Yingying , Sun Xiaomeng , Cui Xiaoli , Dang Liyun , Zhao Lijuan , Tan Xiaowen , Wang Hongrui , Yang Ming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinical recovery does not mean full recovery. It is necessary to explore the aftereffects of COVID‐19 in patients and compare the laboratory features of COVID‐19 and other viral pneumonias in the recovery stages.MethodsForty‐seven cases of COVID‐19 and 45 cases of other viral pneumonias (control) were included in this study. The laboratory parameters were compared between COVID‐19 and control patients as well as severe and moderate COVID‐19 patients from the clinical recovery stage to the 4 weeks postdischarge recovery stage.ResultsA higher RDW‐CV level and neutrophil percentage and lower levels of total proteins, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and MCH were found in COVID‐19 patients compared with those in controls from the clinical recovery to the postdischarge recovery stages. Further analysis showed that decreases in lymphocytes, total proteins, and SOD and elevations in neutrophils, FDP, CRP, and ESR were more common in severe than moderate cases of COVID‐19 during hospitalization; however, differences in these indicators, except total proteins, were not observed in the postdischarge recovery stages. Additionally, only 76.9% of COVID‐19 patients were positive for IgG antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 in the convalescence stage, and one patient that was negative for specific IgG was reinfected.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that patients recovering from COVID‐19 might need better care than that patients with other viral pneumonias due to the possibility of having poor immunity and nutritional conditions. These findings provide new insights to improve the understanding of COVID‐19 and improve care for patients affected by these kinds of pandemics in the future.
Harvesting of Scenedesmus sp. after phycoremediation of meat processing wastewater; optimization of flocculation and chemical analysis of biomass
Authors: Latiffi Nur Atikah Ahmad , Mohamed Radin Maya Saphira Radin , Al‐Gheethi Adel , Tajuddin RM 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMeat production is associated with the generation of huge quantities of meat processing wastewater (MPWW) which has high concentrations of nutrients. The utilization of Scenedesmus sp. in the phycoremediation process to treat MPWW has attracted growing interest, but there is inadequate information on the management of biomass of this micro‐organism. This study aims to optimize the harvesting of Scenedesmus sp. biomass generated during phycoremediation through flocculation with alum and its potential biomass by‐product. The removal rates of the chemical oxygen demand, ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and orthophosphate were 99.16% (R2 = 0.95), 97.19% (R2 = 0.91), 93.91% (R2 = 0.96), 97.25% (R2 = 0.85) and 99.38% (R2 = 0.9517), respectively. From the result, the best coagulant for recovery efficiency (97.54%) was recorded at pH 8.6 with 116.85 mg L−1 alum. Three major chemical compounds – tetradecanoic, oleic and dodecanoic acids – were recorded in the extraction of Scenedesmus sp. biomass (as determined by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis; these have the potential for use in the cosmetic and medical industries. The main functional groups in the harvested biomass were OH, CH, C‐O‐C and CHCH. It can be concluded that the flocculation method was the most efficient compared to filtration process for recovering Scenedesmus sp. biomass owing to the absence of toxic by‐products. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Treatment and nutrient recovery of synthetic flowback water from shale gas extraction by air‐cathode (PMo/CB) microbial desalination cells
Authors: Yang Fangfang , Zhang Kai , Zhang Daijun , Zhang Lilan , Huang Yongkui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDDue to the rapid development of shale gas extraction, the treatment of flowback water (FW) is becoming one major challenge because of its high saline, high ammonium (NH4+), high phosphorus (PO43−), and complex organic contents. This study aimed to treat the high‐salinity synthetic FW and recover nutrient using the air‐cathode (PMo/CB) microbial desalination cells (MDCs).RESULTSThe removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) exceeded 90% along with an electricity generation of 105.6 mW m−2. The highest removal and the recovery efficiency of 300 mg L−1 NH4+ and 100 mg L−1 PO43− were 65.6 ± 19.0% and 75.8 ± 32.0%, 52.6% and 57.8%, respectively. High‐throughput sequencing analysis of anodic biofilms indicated that Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria enriched at high influent NH4+ concentration were responsible for producing electricity and degrading complex organics. Two denitrifying bacteria, Trichococcus and Marinobacterium, promoted the COD removal and also improved the electricity generation. Rhodococcus, a kind of heterotrophic nitrification–denitrification bacteria, contributed to nitrification in the cathodic chamber along with enhancing the denitrifying degradation of COD. Nitrincolaceae, capable of heterotrophic nitrate reduction to ammonium, were favorable to the recovery of NH4+.CONCLUSIONSOverall results concluded that PMo/CB‐MDC could be a promising alternative technique for the efficient treatment of FW and a pretreatment process for separating nutrient from the recovery chamber. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI)
Anthropogenic soils and landscapes of European Russia: Summer school from sea to sea—A didactic prototype
Authors: Vasenev Viacheslav I. , Slukovskaya Marina V. , Cheng Zhongqi , Paltseva Anna A. , Nehls Thomas , Korneykova Maria V. , Vasenev Ivan I. , Romzaykina Olga N. , Ivashchenko Kristina V. , Sarzhanov Dmitry A. , Sotnikova Yulia L. , Ryzhkov Oleg V. , Alaeva Lilia A. , Belik Anton V. , Devyatova Tatiana A. , Gorbov Sergey N. , Bezuglova Olga S. , Dolgikh Andrey. V. , Konstantinov Pavel I. , Konstantinova Anastasia V. , Yaroslavtsev Alexey M. , Chernyshova Marina S. , Morin Tatiana , Ryazanov Alexey V. , Gosse Dmitry D. , Dovletyarova Elvira A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractField excursions and trainings are considered a key component of education programs in soil and environmental sciences. They allow mastering students’ practical skills in sampling and onsite assessments and improve understanding of ecosystem integrity and complexity. Urbanization has a substantial impact on soil properties and functions; however, field courses focused on urban soils are rare. We present a didactic prototype and the outcomes of the “Monitoring, Modeling, and Management of Urban Green Infrastructure and Soils (3MUGIS)” summer school—the first educational tour observing anthropogenic soils and landscapes along the bioclimatic gradient in European Russia, from tundra to dry steppes. Didactic learning was based on a studying‐by‐doing approach; students were involved in environmental assessment in multiple regions varying in climatic and socioeconomic features. Considering the high spatial heterogeneity of urban ecosystems, we used express techniques (portable X‐ray fluorescence, infrared gas analyzers) for onsite soil analysis at multiple replicas. The data collected were discussed with local and international experts from Russia, Germany, the United States, and France in the context of regional environmental problems (e.g., pollution, soil degradation, and urban expansion). Students discovered zonal changes in vegetation (e.g., increasing tree height and diversity from north taiga to forest steppes) and soil properties (e.g., a gradual increase in pH and changes in soil organic C), as well as urban‐specific processes and features (e.g., urban heat island effect or soil artifacts). The overall student feedback was very positive (50.8% excellent, 36% good); some specific organizational issues will be addressed for future 3MUGIS summer schools.
Acute and subacute effects of irreversible electroporation on normal common bile ducts in a rabbit model
Authors: Li Qingshan , Ren Fenggang , Zhang Yuchi , Chang Pengkang , Wang Yue , Ma Tao , Hu Liangshuo , Wu Rongqian , Wang Bo , Lv Yi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground/PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the acute and subacute effects of irreversible electroporation (IRE) on normal common bile ducts (CBDs).MethodsCell susceptibility to IRE was assessed in vitro with cholangiocarcinoma and normal cell lines. The electric field and temperature distributions were evaluated with a two‐dimensional simulation model of bile duct. In vivo bile duct IRE was performed in 28 adult rabbits.ResultsDifferent cells showed different susceptibility to the effect of IRE, cancer cell line HUCC‐T1 was the least sensitive to IRE. Simulations predicted the distributions of electric field and temperature during the IRE process, and the maximum temperature of tissue was below 43℃. Complications were observed in 8/28 animals (biliary dilatation, n = 4; biliary stricture, n = 4) by postoperative days 7, 14, and 28. Histopathological analyses revealed complete cell death with bile duct wall integrity. Bile duct epithelial recovery was completed between post‐IRE days 14‐28.ConclusionsThe normal CBD retains the lumen wall integrity following IRE with immediate periductal placement of the electrode. However, the risk of biliary dilatation and stricture is a reminder that the parameters of IRE need to be determined more precisely to ensure the treatment efficacy and reduce the risk of collateral damage.
Hepatitis A vaccine immunogenicity 25 years after vaccination in Alaska
Authors: Ramaswamy Maya , Bruden Dana , Nolen Leisha D. , Mosites Emily , Snowball Mary , Nelson Noele P. , Bruce Michael , McMahon Brian J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe hepatitis A vaccine is recommended for all children greater than or equal to 1 year of age, however, the duration of vaccine protection is unknown and protection through adulthood is crucial to prevent symptomatic hepatitis later in life. We report on 25 years of follow‐up of a cohort of Alaska Native individuals who were vaccinated in early childhood. We assessed the duration of vaccine protection by calculating the geometric mean concentration and proportion of participants with protective levels of IgG antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti‐HAV) (≥20 mIU/mL) every 2 to 3 years. We estimated the amount of time until the anti‐HAV dropped below protective levels using survival analyses. At 25 years, 43 of the original 144 participants were available, mean anti‐HAV levels were 91.5 mIU/mL, and 35 (81.4%) had protective levels of anti‐HAV. Using data from all persons and all time points, a survival analysis estimated 78.7% of participants had protective levels of anti‐HAV at 25 years. The high level of protective antibodies in this cohort indicate that supplemental doses of hepatitis A vaccine are not needed 25 years after completion of the vaccine series.
Optimal Estimate for Energy Requirements in Adult Patients With the m.3243A>G Mutation in Mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Zweers Heidi E. E. , Janssen Mirian C. H. , Wanten Geert J. A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimWe aimed to identify the optimal method to estimate total energy expenditure (TEE) in mitochondrial disease (MD) patients.MethodsResting energy expenditure (REE) was measured in MD patients carrying the m3243A>G mutation using indirect calorimetry (IC) and compared with results of 21 predictive equations (PEs) for REE and with REE‐IC measurements in healthy controls. Physical activity level (PAL) was measured using accelerometery (SenseWear) and compared with a fixed average PAL (1.4) as well as patients’ self‐estimated activity levels. TEE was calculated as REE‐IC × PAL SenseWear and compared with usual care and energy recommendations for healthy adults.ResultsThirty‐eight MD patients (age: 48 ± 13 years; body mass index 24 ± 4 kg/m2; male 20%) and 25 matched controls were included. The accuracy of most PEs was between 63% and 76%. The difference in REE‐IC in healthy controls (1532 ± 182 kcal) and MD patients (1430 ± 221) was borderline not significant (P= .052). Patients’ estimations PAL were 18%–34% accurate at the individual level. The fixed activity factor was 53% accurate. Patients overestimated their PAL. Usual care predicted TEE accurately in only 32% of patients.ConclusionTEE is lower in these MD patients than the recommendations for healthy adults because of their lower physical activity. In MD patients, 6 PEs for REE provide a reliable alternative for IC, with an accuracy of 71%–76%. As PAL is highly variable and not reliably estimated by patients, measurement of PAL using accelerometery is recommended in this population.
Fruit maturity differentially affects fruit quality and responses of targeted metabolites in cold‐stored figs (Ficus carica L.)
Authors: Byeon Si‐Eun , Lee Jinwook 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDFigs are highly perishable after harvest, and their storability and marketability are relatively short. This study aimed to determine the effects of fruit maturity on the physiological quality and targeted metabolites of ‘Masui Dauphine’ figs in two maturation stages (75% versus 100% commercial maturity) during cold storage.RESULTSFruit size and weight decreased during cold storage. Fruit respiration rate and color variables were lower at 100% maturity than at 75% maturity. Contents of soluble carbohydrates and organic acids differed according to fruit maturity. The levels of most free amino acids were decreased during cold storage; however, the levels of glutamine, serine and alanine were elevated in 100% mature fruits at the end of cold storage. The results of multivariate analyses indicated that the physiological properties of fruit and responses of targeted metabolites differed depending on fruit maturity during cold storage.CONCLUSIONSThe results suggested that fruit maturity plays a key role in controlling fruit quality of figs during cold storage. In practice, fruit maturity should be highly considered for the fresh fig market. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Electric Control of Spin‐Orbit Coupling in Graphene‐Based Nanostructures with Broken Rotational Symmetry
Authors: Ciattoni Alessandro , Conti Claudio , Zayats Anatoly V. , Marini Andrea 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSpin and orbital angular momenta of light are important degrees of freedom in nanophotonics which control light propagation, optical forces, and information encoding. Here, it is shown that graphene‐supported plasmonic nanostructures with broken rotational symmetry provide a surprising spin to orbital angular momentum conversion, which can be continuously controlled by changing the electrochemical potential of graphene. Upon resonant illumination by a circularly polarized plane wave, a polygonal array of indium‐tin‐oxide nanoparticles on a graphene sheet generates the scattered field carrying electrically‐tunable orbital angular momentum. This unique photonic spin‐orbit interaction occurs due to the strong coupling between graphene plasmon polaritons and localized surface plasmons of the nanoparticles and leads to the controlled directional excitation of graphene plasmons. The tuneable spin‐orbit conversion paves the way for high‐rate information encoding in optical communications, electric steering functionalities in optical tweezers, and nanorouting of higher‐dimensional entangled photon states.
Poly(Caprolactone)‐Poly(N‐Isopropyl Acrylamide)‐Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanofibrous Structure with Stimuli Responsive Drug Release
Authors: Gholami Sanaz , Labbaf Sheyda , Kermanpur Ahmad , Houreh Arezou Baharlou , Luo Chaojie , Edirisinghe Mohan , Nasr Esfahani Mohammad‐Hossein 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPoly(caprolactone; PCL)—poly(N‐isopropylacrylamie; PNIPAAm)—Fe3O4 fiber, that can be magnetically actuated, is reported. Here, a structure is engineered that can be utilized as a smart carrier for the release of chemotherapeutic drug via magneto‐thermal activation, with the aid of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The magnetic measurement of the fibers revealed saturation magnetization values within the range of 1.2–2.2 emu g−1. The magnetic PCL‐PNIPAAm‐Fe3O4 scaffold shows a specific loss power value of 4.19 W g−1 at 20 wt% MNPs. A temperature increase of 40 °C led to a 600% swelling after only 3 h. Doxorubicin (DOX) as a model drug, demonstrates a controllable drug release profile. 39% ± 0.92 of the total drug loaded is released after 96 h at 37 °C, while 25% drug release in 3 h at 40 °C is detected. Cytotoxicity results show no significant difference in cell attachment efficiency between the MNP‐loaded fibers and control while the DOX‐loaded fibers effectively inhibited cell proliferation at 24 h matching the drug release profile. The noncytotoxic effect, coupled with the magneto‐thermal property and controlled drug release, renders excellent potential for these fibers to be used as a smart drug‐release agent for localized cancer therapy.
Trehalose as an alternative to glycerol as a glassing agent for in vivo DNP MRI
Authors: Brender Jeffrey R. , Kishimoto Shun , Eaton Gareth R. , Eaton Sandra S. , Saida Yu , Mitchell James , Krishna Murali C. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeIn dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), the solution needs to form a glass to attain significant levels of polarization in reasonable time periods. Molecules that do not form glasses by themselves are often mixed with glass forming excipients. Although glassing agents are often essential in DNP studies, they have the potential to perturb the metabolic measurements that are being studied. Glycerol, the glassing agent of choice for in vivo DNP studies, is effective in reducing ice crystal formation during freezing, but is rapidly metabolized, potentially altering the redox and adenosine triphosphate balance of the system.MethodsDNP buildup curves of 13C urea and alanine with OX063 in the presence of trehalose, glycerol, and other polyol excipients were measured as a function of concentration. T1 and Tm relaxation times for OX063 in the presence of trehalose were measured by EPR.ResultsApproximately 15–20 wt% trehalose gives a glass that polarizes samples more rapidly than the commonly used 60%‐wt formulation of glycerol and yields similar polarization levels within clinically relevant timeframes.ConclusionsTrehalose may be an attractive biologically inert alternative to glycerol for situations where there may be concerns about glycerol’s glucogenic potential and possible alteration of the adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate and redox balance.
THE ADVANTAGES OF GOING VIRTUAL
Authors: Atwood Stephen P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWelcome to Display Week 2020! It's great to “see” you here. Although the in‐person event had to be canceled, a truly brilliant online experience is about to begin. The entire program will play out day‐by‐day, similar to how it would have been if we were physically together. Over five full days, we will get to experience symposium papers, short courses, seminars, keynotes, virtual exhibits, and sessions of the highly acclaimed Business Conference.
Progressive length‐dependent polyneuropathy in xeroderma pigmentosum group A
Authors: Tsuji Yukio , Ueda Takehiro , Sekiguchi Kenji , Nishiyama Masahiro , Kanda Fumio , Nishigori Chikako , Toda Tatsushi , Matsumoto Riki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we aimed to investigate the progression of peripheral nervous system involvement in xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XP‐A).MethodsWe performed nerve conduction studies in 17 genetically confirmed XP‐A patients and conducted follow‐ups. Of these patients we also analyzed gray matter volume (GMV) using brain MRI and assessed the severity score of clinical and skin manifestation.ResultsWe found significant reduction in the motor and sensory nerve action potential amplitude and mild reduction in conduction velocity. These findings were predominant in sensory nerves and the lower limbs, were observed since early childhood, and gradually deteriorated with age.ConclusionsThe electrophysiological characteristics of XP‐A patients are consistent with length‐dependent axonal polyneuropathy and there is progressive deterioration from early childhood.
Generalized solution to the anisotropic Mandel's problem
Authors: Liu Chao , Abousleiman Younane N. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryExisting solutions to Mandel's problem focus on isotropic, transversely isotropic, and orthotropic materials, the last two of which have one of the material symmetry axes coincide with the vertical loading direction. The classical plane strain condition holds for all these cases. In this work, analytical solution to Mandel's problem with the most general matrix anisotropy is presented. This newly derived analytical solution for fully anisotropic materials has all the three nonzero shear strains. Warping occurs in the cross sections, and a generalized plane strain condition is fulfilled. This solution can be applied to transversely isotropic and orthotropic materials whose material symmetry axes are not aligned with the vertical loading direction. It is the first analytical poroelastic solution considering mechanical general anisotropy of elasticity. The solution captures the effects of material anisotropy and the deviation of the material symmetry axes from the vertical loading direction on the responses of pore pressure, stress, strain, and displacement. It can be used to match, calibrate, and simulate experimental results to estimate anisotropic poromechanical parameters. This generalized solution is capable of reproducing the existing solutions as special cases. As an application, the solution is used to study the responses of transversely isotropic and orthotropic materials whose symmetry axes are not aligned with the vertical loading direction. Examples on anisotropic shale rocks show that the effects of material anisotropy are significant. Mandel‐Cryer's effects are highly impacted by the degree of material anisotropy and the deviation of the material symmetry axes from the vertical loading direction.