bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of drying on total polyphenols content and antioxidant properties of Carica papaya leaves
Authors: Yap Jing Y , Hii Ching L , Ong Sze P , Lim Kuan H , Abas Faridah , Pin Kar Y 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPapaya is widely grown in Malaysia and normally only the fruits are consumed. Other parts of the plant such as leaves, roots, bark, peel, seeds and pulp are also known to have medicinal properties and have been used to treat various diseases. Papaya leaves also contain flavonoids, alkaloids phenolic compounds and cynogenetic compounds, and are also reported to be able to treat dengue fever.RESULTSStudies were carried out on drying of papaya leaves using hot air (60, 70 and 80 °C), shade and freeze drying. Effective diffusivities were estimated ranging from 2.09 × 10−12 to 2.18 × 10−12 m2 s−1 from hot air drying, which are within the order of magnitudes reported for most agricultural and food products. The activation energy to initiate drying showed a relatively low value (2.11 kJ mol−1) as a result of the thin leave layer that eased moisture diffusion. In terms of total polyphenols content and antioxidant activities, freeze‐dried sample showed a significantly higher (P < 0.05) total polyphenols content [2158 mg gallic acid equivalent 100 g dry weight−1] and antioxidant activities [2,2'‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) = 571 mg TE 100 g DW−1 and 2,2'‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) = 215 μg mg−1] compared to hot air and shade dried samples.CONCLUSIONFreeze dried sample retained the most total polyphenols content and showed the highest antioxidant activities in both ABTS and DPPH antioxidant assays. Hot air and shade drying are not conducive with repect to preserving the antioxidants as a result of possible thermal degradation at elevated temperatures and oxidations under prolonged drying condition. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
220 GHz wideband integrated receiver front end based on planar Schottky diodes
Authors: Yang Yilin , Zhang Bo , Zhao Xiangyang , Fan Yong , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, a 220 GHz wideband receiver front end is proposed, featuring a 220 GHz subharmonic mixer and a 110 GHz wideband tripler integrated in one single block. The 220 GHz subharmonic mixer and 110 GHz tripler are firstly developed separately with proper planar Schottky diodes. According to the simulated and experimental results, the direct combination of independent mixer and tripler will lead to deterioration of the front end's performances, especially for wideband receivers. This indicates the necessity of building matching network between the cascade circuits in wideband submillimeter receivers. To improve the integral performances of the receiver front end and reduce its size, the combination of the subharmonic mixer and the tripler was optimized with load‐pull techniques and realized in one block. Measured results reveal that the single sideband (SSB) conversion loss of the integrated receiver front end is 7.5‐11 dB from 185 to 250 GHz, while the double sideband (DSB) noise temperature is 750‐1600 K within this frequency range. The integrated front end features half size of the combination of independent modules and better performances. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results shows that the integration and optimization techniques can be applied to realize compact terahertz systems in the future.
Evaluation of Acoustic Recording Devices to Survey Northern Bobwhite Populations
Authors: Wilhite Nathan G. , Howell Paige E. , Martin James A. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTReliable methods for monitoring wildlife populations are paramount to effective conservation and management. There are a variety of available techniques that vary in cost and feasibility. We field‐tested a commercially available acoustic recording device (ARD) in July and August of 2018 with the goal of standardizing the process of surveying northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) populations using acoustic data. We projected bobwhite covey calls from programmable speakers, and analyzed recordings manually and with automatic recognition software. We manually detected 48% of projected covey calls with the furthest detection at 241 m. We developed an automatic classifier using Kaleidoscope Pro (Wildlife Acoustics Inc.), which detected 31% of the manually detected covey calls. The automatic classifier was ineffective, so we used manual analysis to acquire measurements for call strength and background noise at each visible covey call spectrogram signature. Detection probability declined as distance from the ARD increased and background noise increased. However, in our study system, there was no effect of vegetation structure on detection probability. Our results provide a blueprint for evaluating ARDs for application to wildlife monitoring. We believe ARDs can be used to evaluate northern bobwhite occupancy at fine scales and may potentially be useful in estimating autumn densities for setting harvest regulations. We encourage the evaluation of other software recognition programs and the relationship between covey call detection and landscape structure. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Associations between individual factors, environmental factors, and outdoor independence in older adults
Authors: Schehl Barbara , Leukel Joerg 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe degree to which individuals can accomplish outdoor activity by themselves or require support is an important facet of successful aging. While prior research focuses on participation in outdoor activity, understanding of older adults’ outdoor independence is limited. We adopt an ecological approach to examine the role of individual factors and environmental factors in explaining outdoor independence. Our sample comprised older adults aged 65 + living in a medium-sized city in Germany (N = 1070). The results show that being male, younger, and healthier was positively associated with outdoor independence, while living together was not. Further, outdoor independence decreased with higher levels of perceived environmental barriers. This negative association was moderated such that it was stronger for the less healthy and older participants. Based on our empirical findings, we offer insights for policy makers, urban planners, and community groups to design age-friendly communities and consequently facilitate outdoor independence among older adults.
Does Parents’ Union Instability Disrupt Intergenerational Advantage? An Analysis of Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Smith-Greenaway Emily 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe long arm of childhood, with its wide-ranging influence on individuals’ life chances, highlights the importance of understanding the determinants of health in early life. Research has established that parents’ education is a major determinant of childhood health, but children across the globe increasingly experience their parents’ divorce and subsequent remarriage, raising questions of whether union instability alters these intergenerational processes. Does divorce and remarriage interfere with parents’ education benefiting their young children’s health? I explore this question in sub-Saharan Africa, a world region where parents’ education plays a major role in protecting children against severe health risks, and where young children commonly experience parental divorce and remarriage. Moreover, sub-Saharan Africa features distinct family lineage systems, affording an opportunity to explore this question in both majority matrilineal and patrilineal contexts. Analyses of Demographic and Health Survey data on 271,292 children in 30 sub-Saharan African countries offer no evidence that the high levels of union instability in the region will weaken the health benefits of parents’ education for future generations. Following divorce, children benefit from their biological parents’ education to the same degree as children with married parents—a finding that is consistent across lineage contexts. Moreover, stepfathers’ education corresponds with pronounced health benefits for their coresident stepchildren, particularly in patrilineal regions where these children benefit less dramatically from their mothers’ education. Together, the study results offer a renewed sense of the importance of parents’—including stepfathers’—education for early childhood health across diverse family structures.
Experimental Study of Double-Acting Pneumatic Cylinder
Authors: Jiménez M. , Kurmyshev E. , Castañeda C.E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, the dynamics of a double-acting pneumatic actuator was experimentally studied. To understand the details of dynamics and provide experimental data for further modeling and numerical simulation of actuators, a special test bench was designed. The bench includes a high-resolution linear encoder as well as a dSPACE 1104 data acquisition board, that permits high-frequency sampling to identify important features in the measured data at different source pressures; it also incorporates two pressure sensors, a solenoid valve, a push button, and a measuring interface to automate the acquisition of data. High precision measurements of the time of displacement and position of the moving elements, piston rod or cylinder body, allowed us to calculate velocity and acceleration. We found that the velocity of the moving element is near constant in a major part of the stroke. The recording of the dynamics of upstream and downstream pressures in the pneumatic cylinder chambers at different source pressure levels permitted us to calculate the force exerting by the piston and to explain the kinematics of the moving element. The matching of the upstream and downstream pressure plots with the displacement of the moving element allowed us to establish the instant when the moving starts, and this way evaluates such an important feature as the static friction force between the piston and cylinder body. Various scenarios were used in the experiments, including the fixing of the piston rod, which allow the cylinder body to move or vice versa, the horizontal or vertical position of the pneumatic cylinder and the forward or backward stroke movement. The results obtained with the proposed experimental bench provide essential information on the dynamics of a double-acting pneumatic cylinder that can be included in the mathematical model of the cylinder and used in mobile robotics.
Effect of a newly synthesized quinoline-based compound (PPQ-8) on murine schistosomiasis mansoni
Authors: Taman A. , Alhusseiny S.M. , Saleh N.E. , Youssef M.Y. , Mansour B. , Massoud M. , El-Beshbishi S.N. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Schistosomiasis represents a public health problem and praziquantel is the only drug used for treatment of all forms of the disease. Thus, the development of new anti-schistosomal agents is of utmost importance to increase the effectiveness, reduce side effects and delay the emergence of resistance. The present study was conducted to report the therapeutic efficacy of PPQ-8, a new synthetic quinoline-based compound against Schistosoma mansoni. Mice were treated with PPQ-8 at day 49 post infection using two treatment regimens (20 and 40 mg/kg). Significant reductions were recorded in hepatic (62.9% and 83.6%) and intestinal tissue egg load (57.4% and 73.5%), granuloma count (75.4% and 89.1%) and diameter (26.2% and 47.3%), in response to the drug regimens, respectively. In addition, both treatment regimens induced significant decrease in liver (23.3% and 32.8%) and spleen (37.5% and 45.3%) indices. Also, there were significant reductions in mature ova, total worm and female count, which were more prominent with the higher dose. The reduction in the level of nitric oxide in the liver by both therapeutic regimens to 22.5% and 47.2% indicates the anti-oxidant activity of PPQ-8. Bright field microscopic examination of worms recovered from infected and PPQ-8-treated mice showed nearly empty intestinal caeca with no observable changes in the tegument. Our findings hold promise for the development of a novel anti-schistosomal drug using PPQ-8, but further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to elucidate the possible mechanism/s of action and to study the effect of PPQ-8 on other human schistosomes.
A note on Gollier's model for a collective pension scheme
Authors: Schumacher Johannes M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGollier proposed in 2008 a model for the analysis of pension schemes that is helpful to focus attention on the impact of intergenerational risk sharing and on the role of the participation constraint. He uses the model to analyze the relative attractiveness of a collective scheme with respect to schemes that may be implemented by individuals for themselves. The analysis makes use of an assumption concerning the ownership rights of investment returns realized by generations that are between career start and retirement at the time of the transition from an individual to a collective system. The present paper investigates the consequences of adopting an alternative assumption. In a calibration exercise, the increase of the effective rate of return obtained by switching from an existing ‘autarky’ scheme to an infinite-horizon ‘collective’ scheme is found to be 8 basis points, as opposed to 72 basis points as reported by Gollier. Additionally, the effects are considered of changes in the specification of agents' preferences, aiming to express the specific nature of retirement income provision in the second pillar. The Black–Scholes assumptions are used to model the economic environment, so that many results can be obtained in closed form.
Causes of fever in Gabonese children: a cross-sectional hospital-based study
Authors: Fernandes José Francisco , Held Jana , Dorn Magdalena , Lalremruata Albert , Schaumburg Frieder , Alabi Abraham , Agbanrin Maradona Daouda , Kokou Cosme , Ben Adande Abel , Esen Meral , Eibach Daniel , Adegnika Ayola Akim , Agnandji Sélidji Todagbé , Lell Bertrand , Eckerle Isabella , Henrichfreise Beate , Hogan Benedikt , May Jürgen , Kremsner Peter Gottfried , Grobusch Martin Peter , Mordmüller Benjamin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe causes of infections in pediatric populations differ between age groups and settings, particularly in the tropics. Such differences in epidemiology may lead to misdiagnosis and ineffective empirical treatment. Here, we investigated the current spectrum of pathogens causing febrile diseases leading to pediatric hospitalization in Lambaréné, Gabon. From August 2015 to March 2016, we conducted a prospective, cross-sectional, hospital-based study in a provincial hospital. Patients were children ≤ 15 years with fever ≥ 38 °C and required hospitalization. A total of 600 febrile patients were enrolled. Malaria was the main diagnosis found in 52% (311/600) patients. Blood cultures revealed septicemia in 3% (17/593), among them four cases of typhoid fever. The other causes of fever were heterogeneously distributed between both bacteria and viruses. Severe infections identified by Lambaréné Organ Dysfunction Score (LODS) were also most often caused by malaria, but children with danger signs did not have more coinfections than others. In 6% (35/600) of patients, no pathogen was isolated. In Gabon, malaria is still the major cause of fever in children, followed by a bacterial and viral disease. Guidelines for both diagnosis and management should be tailored to the spectrum of pathogens and resources available locally.
MicroRNA-141-3p and microRNA-200a-3p regulate α-melanocyte stimulating hormone-stimulated melanogenesis by directly targeting microphthalmia-associated transcription factor
Authors: Itoh Tomohiro , Fukatani Kanako , Nakashima Ayaka , Suzuki Kengo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn recent years, it has been reported that non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs, act as melanogenesis-regulating molecules in melanocytes. We found that the expression levels of miR-141-3p and miR-200a-3p were decreased significantly by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) stimulation in mouse melanocyte B16-4A5 cells, as demonstrated by a miRNA array. Overexpression of miR-141-3p and miR-200a-3p in B16-4A5 cells suppressed melanogenesis and tyrosinase activity. Moreover, both miR-141-3p and miR-200a-3p showed direct targeting of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor using a luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, topical transfection of miR-141-3p and miR-200a-3p to three-dimensional reconstructed human skin tissue inhibited α-MSH-stimulated melanin biosynthesis. Taken together, our findings indicate that downregulation of miR-141-3p and miR-200a-3p during the α-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis process acts as an important intrinsic signal. This result is expected to lead to the development of miRNA-based whitening therapeutics.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs
Authors: Stock S. , Kemmer J. , Reffert S. , Trifonov T. , Kaminski A. , Dreizler S. , Quirrenbach A. , Caballero J. A. , Reiners A. , Jeffers S. V. , Anglada-Escudé G. , Ribas I. , Amado P. J. , Barrado D. , Barnes J. R. , Bauer F. F. , Berdiñas Z. M. , Béjar V. J. S. , Coleman G. A. L. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Díez-Alonso E. , Domínguez-Fernández A. J. , Espinoza N. , Haswell C. A. , Hatzes A. , Henning T. , Jenkins J. S. , Jones H. R. A. , Kossakowski D. , Kürster M. , Lafarga M. , Lee M. H. , López González M. J. , Montes D. , Morales J. C. , Morales N. , Pallé E. , Pedraz S. , Rodríguez E. , Rodríguez-López C. , Zechmeister M. 
Published: February 2020

Context. The nearby ultra-compact multiplanetary system YZ Ceti consists of at least three planets, and a fourth tentative signal. The orbital period of each planet is the subject of discussion in the literature due to strong aliasing in the radial velocity data. The stellar activity of this M dwarf also hampers significantly the derivation of the planetary parameters.
Aims. With an additional 229 radial velocity measurements obtained since the discovery publication, we reanalyze the YZ Ceti system and resolve the alias issues.
Methods. We use model comparison in the framework of Bayesian statistics and periodogram simulations based on a method by Dawson and Fabrycky to resolve the aliases. We discuss additional signals in the RV data, and derive the planetary parameters by simultaneously modeling the stellar activity with a Gaussian process regression model. To constrain the planetary parameters further we apply a stability analysis on our ensemble of Keplerian fits.
Results. We find no evidence for a fourth possible companion. We resolve the aliases: the three planets orbit the star with periods of 2.02 d, 3.06 d, and 4.66 d. We also investigate an effect of the stellar rotational signal on the derivation of the planetary parameters, in particular the eccentricity of the innermost planet. Using photometry we determine the stellar rotational period to be close to 68 d and we also detect this signal in the residuals of a three-planet fit to the RV data and the spectral activity indicators. From our stability analysis we derive a lower limit on the inclination of the system with the assumption of coplanar orbits which is imin = 0.9 deg. From the absence of a transit event with TESS, we derive an upper limit of the inclination of imax = 87.43 deg.
Conclusions. YZ Ceti is a prime example of a system where strong aliasing hindered the determination of the orbital periods of exoplanets. Additionally, stellar activity influences the derivation of planetary parameters and modeling them correctly is important for the reliable estimation of the orbital parameters in this specific compact system. Stability considerations then allow additional constraints to be placed on the planetary parameters.
Nadroparin Plus Compression Stockings versus Nadroparin Alone for Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Cerebellopontine Angle Tumour Excisions: A Cohort Study
Authors: Koopmans Raoul J. , Cannegieter Suzanne C. , Koot Radboud W. , Vleggeert-Lankamp Carmen L. A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Both compression stockings and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) are used for the prevention of post-operative venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumour excisions.
Objective In an attempt to optimise the prophylactic treatment in these patients, we compared LMWH (nadroparin) plus compression stockings to nadroparin as single therapy.
Methods Patients undergoing CPA tumour excision in the period between January 2014 and November 2015 received nadroparin as a single therapy. Patients treated since November 2015 received, in addition to this therapy, peri-operative compression stockings as VTE prophylaxis due to a change in protocol. VTE was defined as symptomatic deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and was confirmed via radiological imaging or autopsy.
Results A total of 146 consecutive patients were reviewed. Treatment groups were comparable with respect to demographics and risk factors. Six of the 60 patients (10.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.8–20.5) receiving nadroparin single therapy developed symptomatic VTE. One out of 86 patients (1.2%; 95% CI 0–6.3) treated with combination therapy developed VTE (p = 0.019) with a risk difference of 8.8% (95% CI 1.43–19.0). In comparison to combination therapy, nadroparin single therapy showed a relative risk of 8.6 (95% CI 1.1–69.6).
Conclusion Adding compression stockings to peri-operative nadroparin, as a prophylactic strategy for thromboembolic complications in patients undergoing surgical intervention for CPA tumours, was associated with a significant reduction in the occurrence of VTE.
Anisotropies of galaxy ellipticity correlations in real and redshift space: angular dependence in linear tidal alignment model
Authors: Okumura Teppei , Taruya Atsushi 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
Investigating intrinsic alignments (IAs) of galaxy shapes is important not only to constrain cosmological parameters unbiasedly from gravitational lensing but also to extract cosmological information complimentary to galaxy clustering analysis. We derive simple and useful formulas for the various IA statistics, including the intrinsic ellipticity–ellipticity correlation, the gravitational shear–intrinsic ellipticity correlation, and the velocity–intrinsic ellipticity correlation functions. The angular dependence of each statistic is explicitly given, namely the angle between the line-of-sight direction and the separation vector of two points. It thus allows us to analyse anisotropies of baryon acoustic oscillations encoded in the IA statistics, and we can extract the maximum cosmological information using the Alcock–Paczynski and redshift-space distortion effects. We also provide these formulas for the intrinsic ellipticities decomposed into E and B modes.