bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toluene side chain alkylation with methanol over silica catalyst
Authors: Aziz M A H , Jalil A A , Rahman A F A , Fatah N A A , Izan S M , Hussain I , Hambali H U 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
MSN and SiO2 catalyst were investigated on side chain toluene alkylation with methanol reaction. Characterization of the catalyst were carried out by XRD, N2 physisorption analysis, FTIR spectroscopy. A pyrrole adsorption FTIR study reveals shifting of perturbed NH stretching increasing slightly in MSN compared to SiO2 catalyst revealed that MSN possessed higher basic sites than SiO2. N2 adsorption desorption isotherm analysis showed that MSN possessed higher surface area than SiO2 as well as increased the amount of mesopores in catalyst. The catalytic side chain toluene alkylation with methanol reaction was conducted in the range of 523K-673K under atmospheric pressure. MSN exhibits the highest catalytic performance compared to SiO2 catalyst.
Hydroconversion of n-hexane over Pt-supported on fibrous silica mordenite catalysts: effect of transition metals on acidity and activity
Authors: Ibrahim M , Jalil A A , Zakaria W F W , Izan M , Fauzi A A , Hussain I 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The effect of incorporation of either Zr, Co, Mo or Zn on Pt/HFSM was investigated for the hydroconversion of n-hexane in a pulsed micro-reactor at a temperature range 423-623 K. The acidity of all the studied catalysts were investigated using pyridine adsorption and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The FTIR-pyridine study showed that the catalysts possessed different concentration and strength of both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites. It was revealed that the moderate acid sites distribution on PtZr/HFSM and PtZn/HFSM facilitated the isomerization of the intermediate hexene while the strong acid sites were selective towards cracking reaction. The trend for the bimetallic catalysts studied in n-hexane hydroisomerization is in the order: PtZr/HFSM>PtZn/HFSM>PtMo/HFSM>PtCo/HFSM. The highest activity for hydrocracking and hydrogenolysis were exhibited by PtMo/HFSM and PtCo/HFSM respectively. The PtZr/HFSM exhibited the highest hydroisomerization activity due to the moderate acidity and abundant Lewis acid sites capable of generating protonic acid sites by the hydrogen-spill over phenomena.
Renewable biogas from anaerobic digestion of biomass: influence factors in life cycle assessment
Authors: Abu R , Aziz M A A , Hassan C H C , Noor Z Z 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Based on the current generation rate of 1 kg−1 person−1, the production of organic waste in Malaysia is estimated to reach 9 metric tons per year by the year 2020. Components of these wastes, however, can be used to generate biogas, not only to decrease waste-related issues, but also to produce renewable energy. There is a growing interest in resource recovery and waste/energy integration through biogas generation from organic waste through anaerobic digestion method. However, due to the anaerobic digestion process varies in different facilities, thus proactive assessment on the status of biogas production and its effect on the environment through life cycle assessment is vital. The objective of this review is to assess factors that affect environmental performance results such as the system boundaries setting, the databases used and the life cycle impact assessment methods applied. This review underscores the fact that goal definition and scope, functional units, system boundaries setting, characterization and life cycle impact assessment methodology, as well as types of software and databases used influence and affects the life cycle assessment results. It suggests that for future cross study comparisons, all assessment guidelines should be addressed to avoid biased comparisons on climate performance between different alternatives.
Preparation of porous membrane with graphene oxide for vanadium redox flow battery
Authors: Nor Fadzil Noor Fatina Emelin , Abouzari-Lotf Ebrahim , Sha’rani Saidatul Sophia Md , Ting Teo Ming , Che Jusoh Nurfatehah Wahyuny , Ahmad Arshad 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized onto both sides of grafted porous polyethylene/polypropylene (PEPP) membrane sheet through sonication and simple immersion. Graphene oxide is a trending material in the field due to its excellent properties such as highly resistant to alkaline/acidic and strong mechanical strength, low cost and easily accessible. PEPP was successfully modified and the fiber gap of PEPP was reduced by grafting with GMA functionalized with GO. With addition of GO, modified PEPP membrane became hydrophilic with the addition of hydrogen bond from the GO. The FTIR results also showed traces of GMA on the surface of PEPP and after functionalized the membrane, it has shown prominent new peak which correspond to the C bond from GO from ultrasonication method.
Enhanced Degradation Rates of Paracetamol in Aqueous Solution using Silver Doped Durio Zibethinus Husk Catalyst
Authors: Harimisa G E , Mustapha M H , Masudi A , Jusoh N. W. C , Tan L S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the recent years, traces of paracetamol in water body had increases due to the increasing usage and production of it. Since the discharge of wastewater containing paracetamol into water body can cause harm to environment and human health, it is crucial to find a suitable treatment method to overcome this problem. Advanced Oxidation Process (AOPs) with the assist of heterogeneous catalyst received growing interest as one of prospective treatment method. Some of noble catalysts such as platinum (Pt), gold (Au) and Silver (Ag) could serve as alternative to popular semiconductor catalyst. This study report a series of Ag (5, 10, 15 wt.%) loaded to Durio Zibethinus Husk (Ag/DZH) with detailed physicochemical properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Then, the respective catalysts were tested for photodegradation of paracetamol (PCT) in aqueous solution. It was showed that the catalysts have a potential to degrade 5 mg/L of paracetamol solution (pH 9) with the highest degradation rate of 0.01197 mg/L.min using 0.03 g/L of 10 wt.% Ag/DZH catalyst. This result could serve as alternative for DZH utilization and reduce environmental pollution.
Fibrous silica induced narrow band gap TiO2 catalyst for enhanced visible light-driven photodegradation of methylene blue
Authors: Fauzi A A , Jalil A A , Mohamed M , Naseri N A , Hitam C N C , Khusnun N F , Hassan N S , Rahman A F A , Aziz F F A , Azmi M S M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Fibrous silica titania (FST) was synthesized via hydrothermal method and evaluated on photodegradation of methylene blue (MB). The catalyst was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) and N2 adsorption–desorption. The photocatalytic activity was performed under different reaction condition namely pH, catalyst dosage and MB initial concentration. FST demonstrated higher performance (99.9%) for 10 mg L−1 of MB initial concentration than titania (TiO2) using 0.25 g L−1 of catalyst dosage at pH 5 for 2 h. The superior performance towards photodegradation of MB under visible light demonstrated by synthesized FST was due to unique morphology of fibrous, high surface area, narrow band gap and more active site (Si-O-Ti). Kinetics study indicated that the photodegradation of MB was well fitted with pseudo-first order Langmuir-Hinshelwood model and adsorption was the rate-limiting step. The FST maintained its photocatalytic activities for up to five cycles reaction with slightly catalyst deactivation, suggesting that the FST is suitable to be implied in the photocatalytic reaction.
Boosted Ag/g-C3N4 prepared under microwave irradiation for photocatalytic activity of RhB under visible light
Authors: Azami M S , Jalil A A , Mamat C R , Hitam C N C , Hassan N S , Hussain I , Fauzi A A , Adnan R H 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The effluent of Rhodamine B (RhB) from industries causes a high impact toward contamination of the environment. Photocatalytic degradation has become a promising destructive technique to remove those dye from industrial. In this study, Silver/graphitic carbon nitride (Ag/g-C3N4) prepared using simplistic preparation using microwave irradiation in its place of normal calcination under furnace as heating media. The prepared photocatalyst was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), N2 adsorption-desorption, ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-VIS/DRS). The deposited of Ag on g-C3N4 surface photocatalyst enhanced capability to extend the adsorption of visible light region. The texture of g-C3N4 affected after deposited with Ag and the bandgap energy of Ag/g-C3N4 narrowed from 2.7 eV to 2.31 eV significantly boosting and improved the efficiency of degradation RhB under visible light irradiation. The additional Ag on g-C3N4 revealed highest performance (98%) using RhB solution after exposed under visible light for 180 min. As a result, this works can give benefit to purify the effluent of toxic dyes as wastewater treatment.
Catalytic Cracking of High Density Polyethylene Pyrolysis Vapor over Zeolite ZSM-5 towards Production of Diesel
Authors: Ghaffar N F A , Johari A , Abdullah T A T , Ripin A 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe upsurge in the amount of plastic pollution has drawn the attention of various researchers in finding the best solution for plastic waste treatment. Pyrolysis of high density polyethylene using ZSM-5 catalyst has been investigated using two-staged reactors consisting of a pyrolysis reactor and a catalytic fixed bed reactor. The effect of the heating rate (2 °C/min, 6 °C/min, 10 °C/min, 14 °C/min, 18 °C/min) of the pyrolysis reactor and reaction time (75 min, 90 min, 105 min) were studied on the yield of products and the quality of pyrolytic oil products. The quality of pyrolytic oil produced was evaluated based on the gross calorific values (GCV) and the paraffin, olefin, naphthenic and aromatic (PONA) compounds distribution, which were used to compare with conventional fuel. The highest yield of oil product was obtained at a reaction time of 75 minutes, where it was 61.05 wt.%, with solid product yield of 0.41wt.% and gas product yield of 38.54wt.%, at a heating rate of 2°C/min. The GCV of oil products were within the range of that of conventional diesel (44 – 45 MJ/kg). The pyrolytic oil products contained mainly C10to C24hydrocarbon compounds, which were diesel range hydrocarbon. In terms of the PONA distribution, the composition of paraffin was larger for most of the products, while the composition of naphthenes and aromatic were relatively small with respect to the range for conventional diesel.
Effect of size and shape dependent of synthesized copper nanoparticle using natural honey
Authors: Ismail N A , Shameli K , Che Jusoh N W , Rasit Ali R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A study on the effect of size and shape of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) by varying the amount of honey has been done using a facile green synthesis method with the presence of ultrasonic assistance. Several amount of different % w/v of honey (0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% w/v) that contain carbohydrate which are mainly glucose and fructose, and other polyhydroxyl groups act as stabilizing agent and a weak reducing agent supported by ascorbic acid were used to produce the Cu-NPs. The synthesized Cu-NPs were characterized using UV-visible, XRD and HRTEM to prove the size and shape of the nanoparticles. The best amount of honey used to produce Cu-NPs with uniform particle size and shape is at 15 % w/v. The size is 3.81 ± 1.135 nm and it shows a consistence spherical shape using HRTEM analysis image. UV-visible supported the results from the HRTEM. And XRD shows good diffraction pattern for pure Cu-NPs. It proves that honey has the ability to act as stabilizing agent in controlling the size and shape of nanoparticles.
Fabrication and Characterization of PU-g-poly(HEMA) Film for Clotting Time and Platelet Adhesion
Authors: Tarmizi Z I , Ali R R , Nasef M M , Akim A M , Eshak Z , Noor S M 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper describes a fabrication of poly (2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate) poly(HEMA) grafted on polyurethane (PU) film prepared by radiation-induced grafting (RIG) copolymerization method using electron beam irradiation for the first time. This method was well known to be fast technique, clean method without involve any chemical initiator, chemically bond the materials, and at the same time is a sterile technique suitable for further potential of biomedical application. This poly(HEMA) grafted on PU film or called as PU-g-poly(HEMA) films was analysed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), water contact angle analyser (WCA), platelet adhesion and clotting time measurement. As the results, poly(HEMA) was confirmed successful grafted on PU based on the shifting of the functional group, no significant changes in surface morphology, lowering the water contact angle from 78.28° to 70.02°, nearly no platelet adhesion and no excessive disturbance of the clotting time was observed. This means that PU-g-poly(HEMA) was improved its hydrophilicity, thus significantly reduced the platelet adhesion and maintain the normal range of time taken for blood to clot. Therefore, the present PU-g-poly(HEMA) films not only improved hydrophilicity, however, was also compatible with blood. Thus, it may be potential candidates in the biomedical devices or new biomaterial useful for future tissue engineering fields.
The phasor FLIM method reveals a link between a change in energy metabolism and mHtt protein spread in healthy Mammalian cells when co-cultured with Huntington diseased cells
Authors: Sameni Sara , Zhang Run , Digman Michelle A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Huntington Disease (HD) is a late-onset autosomal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the aggregations of mutant Huntingtin proteins (mHTT). A glutamine stretch (PolyQ) at the N-terminal of the Huntingtin protein is generated by the abnormal expansion of CAG trinucleotide repeats in exon 1 of the HTT gene. While the resulting polyQ aggregates are the predominate feature of HD, the intercellular spread of the expanded protein and the effect upon this transfer inside healthy cells have not yet fully understood. Here, we have employed the phasor Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) method to measure NADH fluorescence lifetime change after the internalization of the PolyQ protein. Based on our analysis, we have found a significant decrease in the fraction of bound NADH in both cytoplasmic and nucleus regions when cells are co-cultured or when healthy cells uptake the supernatant containing polyQ proteins and aggregates. Overall, our FLIM study combined with confocal fluorescence imaging visualizes the absorption of the mutant Htt protein aggregates which results in a distinct NADH fluorescence lifetime between control cells and acceptor cells. These studies show, for the first time, the influence of how neighboring cells expressing the expanded Htt protein can regulate energy metabolism in healthy cells.
Resolution of 4 components in the same pixel in FLIM images using the phasor approach
Authors: Vallmitjana Alexander , Dvornikov Alexander , Torrado Belen , Jameson David M , Ranjit Suman , Gratton Enrico 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In several cellular systems, the phasor FLIM approach has shown the existence of more than 2 components in the same pixel, a typical example being free and bound NADH. In order to properly quantify the concentrations and the spatial distributions of fluorescence components associated with different molecular species we developed a general method to resolve 3 and 4 components in the same pixel using the phasor approach. The method is based on the law of linear combination of components valid after transformation of the decay curves to phasors for each pixel in the image. In principle, the linear combination rule is valid for an arbitrary number of components. For 3 components we use only the phasor position for the first harmonic, which has a small error, while for 4 components we need the phasor location at higher harmonics that have intrinsically more noise. As a result of the noise in the higher harmonics, caused by limited photon statistics, we are able to use linear algebra to resolve 4 components given the position of the phasors of 4 independent components in mixtures of dyes and 3 components for dyes in cellular systems.
Intentional carbon doping reveals CH as an abundant charged impurity in nominally undoped synthetic WS2 and WSe2
Authors: Cochrane K A , Zhang T , Kozhakhmetov A , Lee J-H , Zhang F , Dong C , Neaton J B , Robinson J A , Terrones M , Bargioni A Weber , Schuler B 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Understanding the physical properties and controlling the generation of intrinsic and extrinsic defects is central to the technological adoption of 2D materials in devices. Here we identify a charged carbon-hydrogen complex at a chalcogen site (CHX) as a common, charged impurity in synthetically grown transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). This conclusion is drawn by comparing high resolution scanning probe microscopy measurements of nominally undoped and intentionally carbon doped TMD samples. While CH impurity densities in undoped CVD-grown WS2 and MOCVD-grown WSe2 can range anywhere from parts per million to parts per thousand, CH densities in the percentage levels were selectively generated by a post-synthetic methane plasma treatment. Our study indicates that methane plasma treatment is a selective and clean method for the controlled introduction of a charged carbon-hydrogen complex at a surface chalcogen site, a defect that is commonly present in synthetic TMDs.
Investigating the effective thermal conductivity of moist fibrous fabric based on Parallel-Series model: a consideration of material’s swelling effect
Authors: Zhu FL 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The aim of this work reported in the paper is to investigate the influence of moisture content on the effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of non-hygroscopic Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and hygroscopic Viscose (VC) fabrics using Parallel-Series (P-S) thermal-electrical analogy method and TPS measurement. An equivalent porosity for hygroscopic fabric was first proposed to preserve the validity of the P-S model. The equivalent porosity is characterized by reasonably eliminating the absorbed moisture effects partly, which is embodied in enhancing heat conduction, endothermic reaction and swelling. Calculated values of the effective thermal conductivity of the two kinds of fabrics had been compared with experimental measurements. Results show that the P-S model incorporated with equivalent porosity is found to yield higher prediction accuracy than that of P-S model with parent porosity. The calibrated model can also provide a robust tool for predicting the global effective thermal conductivity of moist hygroscopic fibrous porous media.
Magnetic behavior of mixed spin prussian blue analog cylindrical nanowire
Authors: Buitrago-Torres I D , Galindo-González C C , Alzate-Cardona J D , Restrepo-Parra E 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this work, we implemented Monte Carlo simulations in order to describe the magnetic phase transition properties of a mixed ferro-ferrimagnetic ternary alloy cylindrical nanowire with formula

AB

p

C

1
−
p

. The ternary compound, known as Prussian Blue Analog, exhibits two interpenetrating lattices, one containig components with spin −3/2 and the other one with a random distribution of spin −1 and spin −5/2 compounds. The concentration of spin −3/2 compounds p, and the interaction ratio R were independently modulated to study their influence on the critical temperature, saturation magnetization and compensation temperature. The results show that it is possible to modify the transition temperature and saturation magnetization of the system just by manipulating p and R values, and it was determined, not only the existence of compensation in the sample, but also the fact that it is possible to determine the behavior of the compensation temperature by varying these parameters. In addition, a critical concentration value p

c
, which is a threshold related to the compensation temperature, was determined from magnetization curves and compared to the one computed through a percolation analysis.
Mechanical and wear behaviour of pulverised poultry eggshell/sisal fiber hybrid reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Oladele I O , Makinde-Isola B A , Adediran A A , Oladejo M O , Owa A F , Olayanju T M A 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the effects of calcined and uncalcined eggshell particles (ESP) and sisal fiber (SF) on the mechanical and wear properties of eggshell particles/sisal fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Egg shell was processed to obtain calcined and uncalcined egg shell particulate of −43 μm and sisal fibers was extracted by soil retting and treated with NaOH. The composite was developed using the hand lay-up method by blending the selected materials in predetermined proportions. SEM/EDS and XRD of the egg shell particles were carried out while mechanical and wear properties of the developed composites were evaluated. SEM images of the fracture surfaces were also examined. The results showed that eggshell particles contain CaCO3 and the uncalcined ESP/SF reinforced epoxy composite showed improved properties than the calcined ESP/SF composites in most of the tests performed. Also, it was observed that most of the tests gave the best results at different weight fractions. However, 3 wt. % emerged as the weight fraction with optimum values.
Effect of temperature and humidity on dielectric and impedance properties of K(Nb0.8Ta0.2)0.99Mn0.01O3 electroceramics
Authors: Ravikant  , Singh Sheshamani , Ojha V N , Kumar Ashok 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
We report the effect of humidity and temperature on the dielectric and impedance properties of lead-free potassium tantalum niobium oxide (KTN). It illustrates large dielectric constant ∼4500 at 1 kHz, low tangent loss in dry condition, which drastically changes under humidity condition. The nature and magnitude of dielectric constant and tangent loss were moderately different in both heating and cooling conditions. A series of phase transitions from rhombohedral to orthorhombic (below room temperature), and orthorhombic to tetragonal (∼185 °C) and tetragonal to Cubic (390 °C) have been obtained respectively over a wide range of temperature with a significant change in magnitude and nature in transition temperature during cooling mode. A detail transport properties have been carried out based on Impedance spectra, Modulus spectra, Nyquist Plot, and ac conductivity to establish a microstructure-property relation. The activation energy of the charge carriers determined that mainly electronic charge carriers contribute to transport properties in the low-temperature range while oxygen vacancies and cations near the high-temperature ferroelectric phase transition. The effect of moisture on room temperature capacitance, tangent loss, and impedance have been discussed.