bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of adipose‐derived, muscle‐derived, and co‐cultured stem cells for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in rat models
Authors: Jalali Tehrani Hora , Daryabari Seyedeh Sima , Fendereski Kiarad , Alijani Zirdehi Maryam , Kajbafzadeh Abdol‐Mohammad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesBased on the recent advancements in cell therapy techniques, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of transurethral injection of autologous adipose‐derived stem cells, muscle‐derived stem cells, and co‐cultured cells for the rehabilitation of stress urinary incontinence rat models. We hypothesized that the utilization of co‐cultured stem cells could result in enhanced therapeutic outcomes attributed to their more comprehensive environment of paracrine factors and cytokines.MethodsWe performed bilateral pudendal nerve transection surgeries to simulate urinary incontinence in 25 female Wistar rats and employed urodynamic evaluations to confirm the injury. We autologously isolated and cultured adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells, muscle‐derived stem cells, and a mixed culture of the two types, which we subsequently injected into the urethral lumen of the damaged animals. Three weeks after the injection, urodynamic assays, histological staining, and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed to determine the efficacy of the implanted cell cultures in sphincter function improvements or structural modifications.ResultsHistological evaluations suggested a regenerative process in the muscular layer of the external sphincter 3 weeks after the injection. Also, immunohistochemical analysis revealed a thickened periurethral striated muscle layer in the co‐cultured group. Postinjection urodynamic analysis indicated that the urethral pressure profile significantly increased in the co‐cultured group compared with other groups.ConclusionsThe outcomes of this investigation indicated that the application of co‐cultured adipose‐derived and muscle‐derived stem cells could be associated with higher therapeutic value in stress urinary incontinence patients compared with singular‐cell treatments.
Latitudinal and seasonal plasticity in American bison Bison bison diets
Authors: Hecker Lee J. , Coogan Sean C. P. , Nielsen Scott E. , Edwards Mark A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

In ecological niche theory, diet is a trait frequently used to place species along a continuum from specialists to generalists. A multidimensional approach to investigating species’ niches has been developed to incorporate nutrition. We apply the concepts of multidimensional nutritional niche theory to the dietary patterns of a widespread, large herbivore, the American bison Bison bison, at various levels of its nutritional niche.

Specifically, we sought to estimate dietary niches for female bison at the levels of the forage items they consume and the macronutrients they acquire from those forage items. We assessed how these dietary niches changed seasonally and explored physical and climatic mechanisms that contribute to observed differences in the dietary niches. We also examined dietary differences between the two bison subspecies: wood bison Bison bison athabascae and plains bison Bison bison bison.

We compiled data for 16 bison subpopulations using 26 peer‐reviewed publications, government reports, conference proceedings, and graduate theses that described the dietary composition of female bison for analysis of dietary niches.

We found that the diets of female bison were, as expected, dominated by graminoids throughout the year, but during the growing season (spring and summer), dietary niches had greater breadth. Their diets were relatively high in carbohydrates, but percentages of dietary lipid and protein increased during the growing season. Further, we found significant increases in consumption of browse items, lipids, and proteins with increasing latitude (†N), and differences between American bison subspecies.

Our study provides insight into the fundamental macronutrient niche of the American bison and also provides a framework for the nutritional targets of bison. We show that bison are able to adapt to availability of local forage and that they may consume different items in different proportions in order to regulate nutritional composition of their diet.
Application of plant metabarcoding to identify diverse honeybee pollen forage along an urban–agricultural gradient
Authors: Richardson Rodney T. , Eaton Tyler D. , Lin Chia‐Hua , Cherry Garrett , Johnson Reed M. , Sponsler Douglas B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding animal foraging ecology requires large sample sizes spanning broad environmental and temporal gradients. For pollinators, this has been hampered by the laborious nature of morphologically identifying pollen. Identifying pollen from urban environments is particularly difficult due to the presence of diverse ornamental species associated with consumer horticulture. Metagenetic pollen analysis represents a potential solution to this issue. Building upon prior laboratory and bioinformatic methods, we applied quantitative multilocus metabarcoding to characterize the foraging ecology of honeybee colonies situated in urban, suburban, mixed suburban–agricultural and rural agricultural sites in central Ohio, USA. In cross‐validating a subset of our metabarcoding results using microscopic palynology, we find strong concordance between the molecular and microscopic methods. Our results suggest that forage from the agricultural site exhibited decreased taxonomic diversity and temporal turnover relative to the urban and suburban sites, though the generalization of this observation will require replication across additional sites and cities. Our work demonstrates the power of honeybees as environmental samplers of floral community composition at large spatial scales, aiding in the distinction of taxa characteristically associated with urban or agricultural land use from those distributed ubiquitously across the sampled landscapes. Observed patterns of high forage diversity and compositional turnover in our more urban sites are likely reflective of the fine‐grain heterogeneity and high beta diversity of urban floral landscapes at the scale of honeybee foraging. This provides guidance for future studies investigating how relationships between urbanization and measures of pollinator health are mediated by variation in floral resource dynamics across landscapes.
Climate explains population divergence in drought‐induced plasticity of functional traits and gene expression in a South African Protea
Authors: Akman Melis , Carlson Jane E. , Latimer Andrew M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLong‐term environmental variation often drives local adaptation and leads to trait differentiation across populations. Additionally, when traits change in an environment‐dependent way through phenotypic plasticity, the genetic variation underlying plasticity will also be under selection. These processes could create a landscape of differentiation across populations in traits and their plasticity. Here, we performed a dry‐down experiment under controlled conditions to measure responses in seedlings of a shrub species from the Cape Floristic Region, the common sugarbush (Protea repens). We measured morphological and physiological traits, and sequenced whole transcriptomes of leaf tissues from eight populations that represent both the climatic and the geographical distribution of this species. We found that there is substantial variation in how populations respond to drought, but we also observed common patterns such as reduced leaf size and leaf thickness, and up‐regulation of stress‐related and down‐regulation of growth‐related gene groups. Both high environmental heterogeneity and milder source site climates were associated with higher plasticity in various traits and co‐expression gene networks. Associations between traits, trait plasticity, gene networks and the source site climate suggest that temperature may play a greater role in shaping these patterns when compared to precipitation, in line with recent changes in the region due to climate change. We also found that traits respond to climatic variation in an environment‐dependent manner: some associations between traits and climate were apparent only under certain growing conditions. Together, our results uncover common responses of P. repens populations to drought, and climatic drivers of population differentiation in functional traits, gene expression and their plasticity.
IDH clonal heterogeneity segregates a subgroup of non‐1p/19q codeleted gliomas with unfavourable clinical outcome
Authors: Luo Shangyi , Zhu Shiwei , Liao Jianlong , Zhang Yajing , Hou Xiaobo , Luo Tao , Zhao Erjie , Xu Jinyuan , Pang Lin , Liang Xin , Xiao Yun , Li Xia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsDiffuse gliomas (DGs) are classified into three major molecular subgroups following the revised World Health Organisation (WHO) classification criteria based on their IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion status. However, substantial biological heterogeneity and differences in the clinical course are apparent within each subgroup, which remain to be resolved. We sought to assess the clonal status of somatic mutations and explore whether additional molecular subgroups exist within DG.MethodsA computational framework that integrates the variant allele frequency, local copy number and tumour purity was used to infer the clonality of somatic mutations in 876 DGs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We performed an unsupervised cluster analysis to identify molecular subgroups and characterised their clinical and biological significance.ResultsDGs showed widespread genetic intratumoural heterogeneity (ITH), with nearly all driver genes harbouring subclonal mutations, even for known glioma initiating event IDH1 (17.1%). Gliomas with subclonal IDH mutation and without 1p/19q codeletion showed shorter overall and disease‐specific survival, higher ITH and exhibited differences in genomic patterns, transcript levels and proliferative potential, when compared with IDH clonal mutation and no 1p/19q codeletion gliomas. We defined a refined stratification system based on the current WHO glioma molecular classification, which showed close correlations with patients’ clinical outcomes.ConclusionsFor the first time, we integrated the clonal status of somatic mutations into cancer genomic classification and highlighted the necessity of considering IDH clonal architectures in glioma precision stratification.
AtMIF1 increases seed oil content by attenuating GL2 inhibition
Authors: Cheng Tianhe , Zhao Peng , Ren Yanru , Zou Jun , Sun Meng‐Xiang 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Vegetable oil is a major edible oil and an important industrial raw material. However, breeders have found it challenging to improve the oil content of crop seeds, and little is known about regulators with the potential to increase oil content via molecular engineering in modern oil crop breeding.

We reported an F‐box protein, Arabidopsis thaliana MYB Interaction Factor 1 (AtMIF1), which is a member of the ubiquitin‐protein ligase E3 complex involved in the 26S proteasome protein degradation pathway. AtMIF1 physically interacts with MYB domain protein 5 (MYB5), which results in MYB5 degradation, so that transcriptional activation of the MYB/bHLH/WD‐repeat (MBW) complex does not occur normally and GLABRA2 (GL2), encoding an inhibitor of oil content and functioning as a direct downstream gene of MBW, is not properly transcribed.

AtMIF1 functioned as a positive regulator that increases oil content by attenuating GL2 inhibition. We overexpressed AtMIF1 and obtained transgenic plants with significantly higher seed oil contents. Importantly, both vegetative and reproductive growth of the transgenic plants appeared normal.

In summary, this work reveals a novel regulator, AtMIF1, and a new regulatory pathway, 26S proteasome‐AtMIF1‐MYB5, for increasing the oil content of seeds without affecting plant growth, thus facilitating oil crop breeding.
Plasma membrane calcineurin B‐like calcium‐ion sensor proteins function in regulating primary root growth and nitrate uptake by affecting global phosphorylation patterns and microdomain protein distribution
Authors: Chu Liang‐Cui , Offenborn Jan Niklas , Steinhorst Leonie , Wu Xu Na , Xi Lin , Li Zhi , Jacquot Aurore , Lejay Laurence , Kudla Jörg , Schulze Waltraud X. 
Published: October 2020

Summary

The collective function of calcineurin B‐like (CBL) calcium ion (Ca2+) sensors and CBL‐interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) in decoding plasma‐membrane‐initiated Ca2+ signals to convey developmental and adaptive responses to fluctuating nitrate availability remained to be determined.

Here, we generated a cbl‐quintuple mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana devoid of these Ca2+ sensors at the plasma membrane and performed comparative phenotyping, nitrate flux determination, phosphoproteome analyses, and studies of membrane domain protein distribution in response to low and high nitrate availability.

We observed that CBL proteins exert multifaceted regulation of primary and lateral root growth and nitrate fluxes. Accordingly, we found that loss of plasma membrane Ca2+ sensor function simultaneously affected protein phosphorylation of numerous membrane proteins, including several nitrate transporters, proton pumps, and aquaporins, as well as their distribution within plasma membrane microdomains, and identified a specific phosphorylation and domain distribution pattern during distinct phases of low and high nitrate responses.

Collectively, these analyses reveal a central and coordinative function of CBL–CIPK‐mediated signaling in conveying plant adaptation to fluctuating nitrate availability and identify a crucial role of Ca2+ signaling in regulating the composition and dynamics of plasma membrane microdomains.
WRKY33 interacts with WRKY12 protein to up‐regulate RAP2.2 during submergence induced hypoxia response in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Tang Hu , Bi Hao , Liu Bao , Lou Shangling , Song Yan , Tong Shaofei , Chen Ningning , Jiang Yuanzhong , Liu Jianquan , Liu Huanhuan 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Tolerance of hypoxia is essential for most plants, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we show that adaptation to submergence induced hypoxia in Arabidopsis involves up‐regulation of RAP2.2 through interactive action of WRKY33 and WRKY12.

WRKY33‐ or WRKY12‐overexpressing plants showed enhanced resistance to hypoxia. Y2H, BiFC, Co‐IP and pull‐down experiments confirmed the interaction of WRKY33 with WRKY12. Genetic experiments showed that RAP2.2 acts downstream of WRKY33/WRKY12.

WRKY33 and WRKY12 can bind to and activate RAP2.2 individually. Genetic and molecular experiments demonstrate that the two WRKYs can synergistically enhance activation towards RAP2.2 to increase hypoxia tolerance. WRKY33 expression is increased in RAP2.2‐overexpressing plants, indicating a feedback regulation by RAP2.2 during submergence process, which was corroborated by EMSA, ChIP, dual‐LUC and genetic experiments.

Our results show that a regulatory cascade module involving WRKY33, WRKY12 and RAP2.2 plays a key role in submergence induced hypoxia response of Arabidopsis and illuminate functions of WRKYs in hypoxia tolerance.
The contribution of photodegradation to litter decomposition in a temperate forest gap and understorey
Authors: Wang Qing‐Wei , Pieristè Marta , Liu Chenggang , Kenta Tanaka , Robson Thomas Matthew , Kurokawa Hiroko 
Published: October 2020

SummaryLitter decomposition determines carbon (C) backflow to the atmosphere and ecosystem nutrient cycling. Although sunlight provides the indispensable energy for terrestrial biogeochemical processes, the role of photodegradation in decomposition has been relatively neglected in productive mesic ecosystems.To quantify the effects of this variation, we conducted a factorial experiment in the understorey of a temperate deciduous forest and an adjacent gap, using spectral‐attenuation‐filter treatments.Exposure to the full spectrum of sunlight increased decay rates by nearly 120% and the effect of blue light contributed 75% of this increase. Scaled‐up to the whole forest ecosystem, this translates to 13% loss of leaf‐litter C through photodegradation over the year of our study for a scenario of 20% gap. Irrespective of the spectral composition, herbaceous and shrub litter lost mass faster than tree litter, with photodegradation contributing the most to surface litter decomposition in forest canopy gaps. Across species, the initial litter lignin and polyphenolic contents predicted photodegradation by blue light and ultraviolet B (UV‐B) radiation, respectively.We concluded that photodegradation, modulated by litter quality, is an important driver of decomposition, not just in arid areas, but also in mesic ecosystems such as temperate deciduous forests following gap opening.
Rab‐E and its interaction with myosin XI are essential for polarised cell growth
Authors: Orr Robert G. , Furt Fabienne , Warner Erin L. , Agar Erin M. , Garbarino Jennifer M. , Cabral Sarah E. , Dubuke Michelle L. , Butt Allison M. , Munson Mary , Vidali Luis 
Published: October 2020

Summary

The fundamental process of polarised exocytosis requires the interconnected activity of molecular motors trafficking vesicular cargo within a dynamic cytoskeletal network. In plants, few mechanistic details are known about how molecular motors, such as myosin XI, associate with their secretory cargo to support the ubiquitous processes of polarised growth and cell division.

Live‐cell imaging coupled with targeted gene knockouts and a high‐throughput RNAi assay enabled the first characterisation of the loss of Rab‐E function. Yeast two‐hybrid and subsequent in silico structural prediction uncovered a specific interaction between Rab‐E and myosin XI that is conserved between P. patens and A. thaliana.

Rab‐E co‐localises with myosin XI at sites of active exocytosis, and at the growing tip both proteins are spatiotemporally coupled. Rab‐E is required for normal plant growth in P. patens and the rab‐E and myosin XI phenotypes are rescued by A. thaliana’s Rab‐E1c and myosin XI‐K/E, respectively. Both PpMyoXI and AtMyoXI‐K interact with PpRabE14, and the interaction is specifically mediated by PpMyoXI residue V1422. This interaction is required for polarised growth.

Our results suggest that the interaction of Rab‐E and myosin XI is a conserved feature of polarised growth in plants.
C3 plant carbon isotope discrimination does not respond to CO2 concentration on decadal to centennial timescales
Authors: Stein Rebekah A. , Sheldon Nathan D. , Smith Selena Y. 
Published: October 2020

Summary

Plant carbon isotope discrimination is complex, and could be driven by climate, evolution and/or edaphic factors. We tested the climate drivers of carbon isotope discrimination in modern and historical plant chemistry, and focus in particular on the relationship between rising [CO2] over Industrialization and carbon isotope discrimination.

We generated temporal records of plant carbon isotopes from museum specimens collected over a climo‐sequence to test plant responses to climate and atmospheric change over the past 200 yr (including Pinus strobus, Platycladus orientalis, Populus tremuloides, Thuja koraiensis, Thuja occidentalis, Thuja plicata, Thuja standishii and Thuja sutchuenensis). We aggregated our results with a meta‐analysis of a wide range of C3 plants to make a comprehensive study of the distribution of carbon isotope discrimination and values among different plant types.

We show that climate variables (e.g. mean annual precipitation, temperature and, key to this study, CO2 in the atmosphere) do not drive carbon isotope discrimination.

Plant isotope discrimination is intrinsic to each taxon, and could link phylogenetic relationships and adaptation to climate quantitatively and over ecological to geological time scales.
Osteogenic effects in a rat osteoporosis model and femur defect model by simvastatin microcrystals
Authors: Zhu Junxiong , Zhang Chenggui , Jia Jialin , Wang Hong , Leng Huijie , Xu Yingsheng , Wu Cuishuan , Zhang Qiang , Song Chunli 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSimvastatin is a translational drug that may be used to induce local bone formation. In this study, simvastatin microcrystals were made by a wet media milling method, and then we verified the osteogenic effect of the microcrystals in rat ovariectomy (OVX)–induced osteoporosis and femur defect models. For the osteoporosis model, we delivered simvastatin microcrystals to the tibia with poloxamer hydrogels via an intraosseous injection. Bone mineral density and the ultimate force of the treated tibia were significantly improved after injection of simvastatin microcrystals at 0.5 and 1 mg compared with the OVX or 0‐mg control groups. For the femur defect model, simvastatin microcrystals were incorporated in clinically used calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) as an implant. Quantitative analysis of bone regeneration by microcomputed tomography (μCT) showed improved bone morphology with simvastatin microcrystals at 50 and 100 μg, compared with the CPC vehicle. A semiquantitative scale for histology assessment further demonstrated a higher bone regeneration score in the drug‐loaded groups. Our study shows that simvastatin microcrystals can promote bone formation by local delivery using a poloxamer hydrogel or CPC, which may be translationally useful.
Treatment outcomes and related clinical characteristics in patients with burning mouth syndrome
Authors: Kim Moon‐Jong , Kim Jihoon , Kho Hong‐Seop 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the treatment outcomes of medication therapies in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and to identify the clinical characteristics that may affect the efficacy of prescribed medications.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 769 patients with oral burning sensations. Of these patients, 420 patients diagnosed as the primary BMS received an “Initial Approach” that involved a detailed explanation about its etiopathophysiology, self‐care instruction, and use of an oral lubricant. Neuropathic medications were prescribed for 277 patients who did not respond to the initial approach. Clinical characteristics, prescribed medications, and changes in intensity of oral symptoms were reviewed.ResultsClonazepam was administered as the first‐line medication. Alpha‐lipoic acid (ALA), gabapentin, and nortriptyline were commonly administered in combination with clonazepam. More than two‐thirds of the patients reported a marked improvement in oral symptoms after treatments with combination of neuropathic medications and ALA. The efficacies of the initial approach and clonazepam had significant positive associations with the initial intensity of oral symptoms and significant negative associations with depression.ConclusionsClonazepam therapy in combination with appropriate medications was effective for managing patients with BMS. The initial intensity of oral symptoms and psychological status were significantly associated with treatment outcomes.