bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-Hospital Mortality and Complication Rates According to Health Insurance Data in Patients Undergoing Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Peritoneal Surface Malignancies in Germany
Authors: Überrück Lisa , Nadiradze Giorgi , Yurttas Can , Königsrainer Alfred , Königsrainer Ingmar , Horvath Philipp 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Morbidity and in-hospital mortality rates of patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in Germany are not known.

Methods
From 2009 to 2018 all patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in Germany were retrospectively analyzed regarding morbidity and in-hospital mortality rates according to nationwide hospital billing data based on diagnosis-related groups (DRG). The “failure to rescue” (FTR) index, characterizing patients who died after severe but potentially manageable complications, was calculated.

Results
In total, 8463 patients were included and analyzed. Female sex predominated (1.5:1). Colonic origin of peritoneal metastasis was highest throughout all years, reaching its highest level in 2017 (55%; n = 563) and its lowest level in 2012 (40%; n = 349). Median length of hospital stay reached its maximum in 2017 at 23.9 days and its minimum in 2010 at 22.0 days. Analysis of the total FTR index showed a noticeable improvement over the years, reaching its lowest values in 2017 (9.8%) and 2018 (8.8%). The FTR index for sepsis, peritonitis, and pulmonary complications significantly improved over time. Of the 8463 included patients, 290 died during hospital stay, reflecting an in-hospital mortality rate of 3.4%.

Conclusion
In-hospital mortality after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is reasonably low compared with other surgical procedures. The improvement in the FTR index reflects efforts to centralize treatment at specialized high-volume centers.
Neurological examination 2
Authors: Kirk Andrew 
Published: November 2020

The clinical examination is an important part of any patient consultation. After the primary survey and taking the patient history, a more in-depth examination is sometimes required to aid making a working diagnosis and help negate other differential diagnoses. The extent of this depends on the stability of the patient and may not be possible in time-critical circumstances. However, clinical examination is an increasing part of paramedic practice owing to the continued expansion of the scope of the paramedic role in both urgent and emergency care. Education on clinical examination concerning each of the main body systems is now an integral part of undergraduate paramedic curricula. This clinical examination series provides a step-by-step overview for each of the main body systems. Continuing professional development (CPD) is an essential requirement for all clinicians to maintain and to demonstrate that they are staying up to date and advancing in their roles. This series gives an overview of each type of examination to support students, newly qualified paramedics and paramedics wishing to use these articles as a CPD development activity and an aide-memoire for clinical practice. The last of the clinical examination series, this article continues exploration of the neurological examination, providing an overview of initial examination considerations, and assessment of the lower limbs.
Evaluation of SWAT Soil Water Estimation Accuracy Using Data from Indiana, Colorado, and Texas
Authors: Hashem Ahmed A. , Engel Bernard A. , Marek Gary W. , Moorhead Jerry E. , Flanagan Dennis C. , Rashad Mohamed , Radwan Sherif , Bralts Vincent F. , Gowda Prasanna H. 
Published: November 2020

HighlightsSWAT soil water assessment was performed using soil water measurements.Dryland SWAT model soil water content was greater than the irrigated SWAT model.Using SWAT soil water estimates for real-time (daily) irrigation management purposes with the existing SWAT soil water subroutines and available soils data is considered risky.The surface layer showed the greatest soil water variability compared to deeper layers.Abstract. Soil water content (SWC) is a challenging measurement at the field, watershed, and regional scales. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) soil water estimates were evaluated at three locations: the St. Joseph River watershed (SJRW) in northeast Indiana, the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory (CPRL) at Bushland, Texas, and the USDA-ARS Limited Irrigation Research Farm (LIFR) at Greeley, Colorado. The soil water estimates were evaluated under two scenarios: (1) for the defined soil profile, and (2) by individual layer. Each site’s soil water assessment was performed based on the existing management conditions during each experiment, whether dryland or irrigated, and for various periods depending on SWC measurement availability at each site. The SWAT soil water was evaluated as follows: the Indiana site was evaluated under dryland conditions using daily soil water observations for one year; the Texas site was evaluated for a ten-year period under irrigated and dryland conditions using weekly soil water observations from four lysimeters; and the Colorado site was evaluated under irrigated conditions for a four-year period. The simulated soil water was evaluated by comparing the model simulations with observed daily and weekly soil water measurements at the three sites. Based on the results, even though all the SWAT models were considered to perform as good models following calibration (streamflow, ET, etc.), the soil water simulations were unacceptable for the defined soil profile and for individual layers at the three sites. Deeper soil layers had observations greater than field capacity values, indicating poor soil parameterization. The dryland model had greater water content than the irrigated model, contradicting the soil water measurements. This greater soil water simulation with the dryland model is a result of SWAT model uncertainties with ET reduction under dryland conditions due to water stress. This study indicated that soil water estimation using the default SWAT soil water equations has many sources of uncertainties. Two apparent sources resulted in the SWAT model’s poor performance: (1) SWAT soil water routines that do not fully represent soil water moving between layers to meet plant demand and (2) uncertainty in soil parameterization. Keywords: Hydrologic modeling, Soil moisture, Soil moisture sensor, Soil water, Soil and Water Assessment Tool.
Intranasal GSK2245035, a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist, does not attenuate the allergen-induced asthmatic response in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental medicine study
Authors: Siddall Hilary , Quint Diana , Pandya Hitesh , Powley Will , Shabbir Shaila , Hohlfeld Jens M. , Singh Dave , Lee Laurie 
Published: November 2020

Background
Allergic asthma is a heterogenous disorder predominantly driven by a type 2 inflammatory response to aeroallergens. Therapeutic modulation to rebalance these type 2 responses may offer clinical benefit for allergic respiratory inflammatory diseases, with the potential for disease modification. GSK2245035, a selective toll-like receptor-7 agonist, preferentially stimulates the induction of type 1 interferon alpha, reducing type 2 responses.

Objective
This study investigated whether intranasal GSK2245035 reduced allergen-induced bronchial reactivity in mild allergic asthma.

Methods
This double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group Phase IIa trial randomized (1:1) participants with mild allergic asthma to intranasal GSK2245035 20 ng or placebo once weekly for 8 weeks; follow-up was conducted 1, 4, and 12 weeks after treatment. Allergen-induced late asthmatic response 1 week after treatment was measured as minimum and weighted mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) 4–10 hours following bronchial allergen challenge (primary endpoint). Pharmacodynamic and allergic biomarkers, and adverse events, were assessed. A Bayesian analysis framework was used; a posterior probability >0.7 denoted primary endpoint success.

Results
Thirty-six participants were randomized (GSK2245035, n = 22; placebo, n = 14). The percentage attenuation in late asthmatic response was –4.6% (posterior probability: 0.385) and –10.5% (posterior probability: 0.303) for minimum and weighted mean FEV1, respectively. Type 2 responses were confirmed by changes in lung function, eosinophils (blood and sputum), interleukin-5 (sputum) and fractional exhaled nitric oxide biomarkers pre- and post-bronchial allergen challenge. However, no treatment effect was observed. Adverse events were reported by 10/14 (71%) and 21/22 (95%) participants in the placebo and GSK2245035 groups, respectively; headache was the most common.

Conclusions and clinical relevance
Although target engagement was observed, weekly intranasal GSK2245035 20 ng for 8 weeks did not substantially attenuate the late asthmatic response in participants with mild allergic asthma. Overall, treatment was well tolerated.
The rural-urban divide in Tanzania: Residential context and socioeconomic inequalities in maternal health care utilization
Authors: Langa Neema , Bhatta Tirth 
Published: November 2020

Background
Existing studies in Tanzania, based mostly on rural samples, have primarily focused on individual behaviors responsible for the lower utilization of maternal health care. Relatively less attention had been paid to inequalities in structural circumstances that contribute to reduced utilization of maternal health care. More importantly, scholarship concerning the impact of the rural-urban divide on socioeconomic disparities in the utilization of maternal health care is virtually nonexistent in Tanzania.

Methods
Drawing from the Demographic Health Survey (2015–2016) conducted in Tanzania, our study includes a total of 3,595 women aged between 15–49 years old, who had given birth in five years before the month of the interview and living in both rural and urban Tanzania. The maternal health care utilization was assessed by four variables (i.e., antenatal care, skilled delivery assistance, the before and after discharging postnatal care). The independent variables were wealth, education, residence, parity, occupation, age, and the head of the household’s sex. We used bivariate statistics and logistic regression to examine the rural-urban differences in the influence of education and wealth on maternal health care utilization.

Results
Significantly lower use of maternal health care in rural than urban areas demonstrated a stark rural-urban divide in Tanzania. We documented socioeconomic inequalities in maternal health care utilization in the form of lower odds of the utilization of such services among women with lower levels of education and household wealth. The educational inequalities in the utilization of skilled delivery assistance (or = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.86; p = 0.021) and (before discharge) postnatal care (or = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.95; p = 0.030) were significantly wider in rural than urban areas. The differences in the odds of the utilization of skilled delivery assistance between women in poorer wealth quintile and women in richer household wealth quintile were also significantly wider in rural areas than in urban areas. However, the statistically significant rural-urban divides in the impacts of socioeconomic status on antenatal care and (after discharge) postnatal care were not observed.

Conclusion
This study establishes the need for consideration of the rural-urban context in the formulation of policies to reduce disparities in maternal health care utilization in Tanzania.
Impact of diabetes mellitus on postoperative outcomes in individuals with non-small-cell lung cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Komatsu Teruya , Chen-Yoshikawa Toyofumi F. , Ikeda Masaki , Takahashi Koji , Nishimura Akiko , Harashima Shin-ichi , Date Hiroshi 
Published: November 2020

Objectives
Studies showing that individuals with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and diabetes mellitus (DM) have reported poor outcomes after pulmonary resection with varying results. Therefore, we investigated the clinical impact of preoperative DM on postoperative morbidity and survival in individuals with resectable NSCLC.

Patients and methods
Data of individuals who underwent pulmonary resection for NSCLC from 2000 to 2015 were extracted from the database of Kyoto University Hospital. The primary endpoint was the incidence of postoperative complications, and secondary endpoints were postoperative length of hospital stay and overall survival. The survival rate was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
A total of 2,219 patients were eligible for the study. The median age of participants was 67 years. Among them, 39.5% were women, and 259 (11.7%) presented with DM. The effect of DM on the incidence of postoperative complications and postoperative length of hospital stay was not significant. Although the 5-year survival rates were similar in both patients with and without DM (80.2% versus 79.4%; p = 0.158), those with DM who had a hemoglobin A1c level ≥ 8.0% had the worst survival.

Conclusions
In individuals with resectable NSCLC, preoperative DM does not influence the acute phase postoperative recovery. However, poorly controlled preoperative DM could lead to low postoperative survival rates.
The house of Van Dyne: Defining Marvel’s superhero fashion designer
Authors: Geraffo Monica 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Marvel Comics superhero and founding member of The Avengers Janet Van Dyne, the Wasp, has been portrayed as an in-canon fashion designer not just of superhero costumes but also of civilian clothing. Through her continuous usage as a narrative device that functions as an authority on style and taste, the proliferous designs depicted as created by Van Dyne over her almost sixty-year history have expanded to be worn by so many heroes across the Marvel Universe that they subconsciously define our overall conceptions of superhero fashion. This article evaluates Van Dyne’s fictional fashion designs from the perspective of real-world fashion criticism in order to define Van Dyne’s design aesthetic. Through comparisons with key designers and movements within the fashion industry, this article asserts that the history of luxury fashion is the best model for placing Van Dyne designs into context and that the long-standing visual representations of Van Dyne fashions offer a unique case study to explore the narrative implications of luxury fashion within comics. This focus on fashion designs rather than iconographic superhero costumes creates new opportunities to emphasize discussions of the integrality of clothing to conceptions of superhero characterization and identity.
Factors Affecting Youth Physical Activities: Evidence from Russia
Authors: Колосницына Марина Григорьевна , Хоркина Наталья Алексеевна , Лопатина Марина Валерьевна 
Published: November 2020

The article provides an assessment of the factors that may affect the probability and intensity of physical activity among young Russians aged 15-24. The analysis is based on the data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS), 2000–2016 (n=21,703). Econometric analysis shows that there is a positive relationship between the physical activity probability and the indicators such as educational level, household per capita income, and living in capital cities. There is also a negative relationship between the probability of physical activity and individual’s characteristics such as smoking, family status (marriage), employment status (having a job). Relationship between the probability and intensity of physical activity and such features as alcohol consumption, body mass index and subjective health assessment is inconclusive. Implementation of measures aimed at increasing the physical activity of young Russians taking into account the stimulating or restraining factors may increase the productivity of physical exercise and further improve health condition and contribute to a longer lifespan in Russia.
Acknowledgments. The project was funded by the HSE Basic Research Program (2018).
Interview with Sir Geoff Palmer
Authors: Kalfou editors  
Published: November 2020

Kalfou: What is the meaningful work that acts of historical commemoration can perform in the present?
Palmer: The plaque to Frederick Douglass in Edinburgh and the slavery plaque at Glasgow University are important because they reflect the conclusion that although we cannot change the past, we can change cruel consequences, such as racism, for the better. These plaques also tell us that truthful narratives on plaques inform the public of a history which says that although we are different, we have the same humanity. A diverse society requires diverse attention to be efficient and fair. A fairness which changes the evil of “go home” to the goodness of “come home.”
Material Apotheosis: The Editions of the Divine Pivot Ready to Hand and the Ritual Underpinnings of Zhu Quan’s Divine Authorship
Authors: Schachter Bony B. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThis contribution argues that Zhu Quan’s (1378–1448) apotheosis must be interpreted as a paratextual discourse on authorship. Substantiating this claim, this article discusses how the extant editions of the Divine Pivot Ready to Hand construct the king’s divine authorship. In its three sections, the article examines the physical, paratextual and ritual dimensions of his apotheosis. Focusing on the last chapter of the Pivot, it demonstrates that calendars serve as a material cum textual media through which to posit Zhu Quan’s divine status. In a dialogue with the field of ritual studies, the article explains to what degree Zhu Quan’s calendars may be interpreted as an act of ritual textualisation.
The prevalence of loyalty program use and its association with higher risk gambling in Australia
Authors: Delfabbro Paul , King Daniel L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsLoyalty programs are implemented widely by gambling operators to provide customers with additional prizes and benefits for consistent patronage. The aim of this paper was to examine whether loyalty programs were more commonly reported by higher risk gamblers in large population studies conducted in Australia.MethodThis paper examines the prevalence of loyalty program use and the association with problem gambling in Australia using data from seven out of 13 public gambling prevalence surveys conducted over the last decade.ResultsEvidence drawn from six of these seven studies showed consistent positive association between loyalty card use and higher risk gambling in venue-based gamblers. At least 40% of problem gamblers reported loyalty card use compared with only around 10% of gamblers in general.DiscussionThese observations suggest that there is a need to conduct more focused investigations on the utilisation of loyalty programs by higher risk gamblers.ConclusionsIt will be important to examine whether loyalty programs encourage or extend gambling sessions, but also how they can be used to facilitate responsible gambling initiatives and inform further behavioural research.
Mulheres migrantes e trabalho doméstico no Brasil e no mundo
Authors: Filgueiras Lacerda Gustavo Marcel , Baía Camila de Paula Guimarães 
Published: November 2020

A migração é um antigo fenômeno na história da humanidade. Hodiernamente, não se pode prescindir, na análise de tal fenômeno, de sua leitura a partir do recorte de gênero. Perceber o papel protagonista da mulher no seu processo de migração é fundamental para pensar o seu deslocamento, opcional ou forçado, em busca de manutenção da própria sobrevivência e/ou a dos seus dependentes. Nesse sentido, o gênero e a qualificação da mulher migrante serão decisivos para a determinação do posto de trabalho a ser ocupado no local do destino e as atividades a serem desenvolvidas. Tal definição é oriunda de uma divisão internacional sexual do trabalho, fundada no patriarcalismo. Às mulheres com pouca ou nenhuma formação, geralmente, são destinados os trabalhos do cuidado, em especial, o serviço doméstico. Assim, o presente artigo, a partir da análise do fenômeno migratório feminino, do trabalho doméstico no Brasil e no mundo e dos efeitos do trabalho doméstico sobre a subjetividade da empregada doméstica, discorre sobre o trabalho doméstico exercido pela mulher migrante no Brasil e no mundo, evidenciando a desigualdade de gênero e fomentando a necessidade de realização de medidas que fomentem a igualdade no mundo do trabalho, tanto na perspectiva interna do país, quanto no aspecto internacional; tendo em vista o mundo globalizado e o fenômeno migratório contemporâneo.
Libertad por vencimiento de término y el derecho al plazo razonable de la medida de aseguramiento en la jurisprudencia
Authors: Ibáñez Macías Alejandro 
Published: November 2020

El derecho al vencimiento de términos es considerado como aquella facultad con la que cuenta el procesado en el evento que el Estado no cumple con los términos procesales para resolver situación jurídica; cuando se desbordan estos términos de manera injustificada este es llamado a recobrar su libertad, no obstante, este plazo razonable puede extenderse a las señaladas por la ley, pero estas mismas deben ser acreditadas, no basta con un examen a la ligera, toda vez que al tratarse de un derecho de tal relevancia, este mismo debe ser analizado cuidadosamente, siempre inclinándose toda duda a favor del privado de la libertad, en caso de proceder circunstancias que da lugar a la extensión de dicha medida , estas deben ser analizadas de manera minuciosa, y así mismo debe pasar a justificarse y aprobar un examen de argumentación que permita concluir el porqué no se reconocerá el derecho a la libertad.
Facciones liberales en el Estado Soberano de Bolívar: 1860-1868
Authors: Bonell Pagano Carla , Mejía Turizo Jorge 
Published: November 2020

Este artículo examina cómo las facciones políticas hicieron circular sus ideas a través de medios de divulgación como lo fueron hojas sueltas, pasquines y circulares a través de los cuales la sociedad de la época expresaba su opinión acerca de los sucesos coyunturales. Con aquel bagaje ideológico se intentó la movilización del electorado en las épocas preelectorales con el fin de lograr la adhesión de la sociedad a las candidaturas impulsadas por dichas facciones. Así, el enfoque central está dirigido a las facciones liberales del Estado de Bolívar, en especial en cuatro facciones que se desarrollaron entre 1860 y 1868, teniendo en cuenta que se han denominado como tal por los historiadores para hacer referencia a las divisiones internas de los partidos tradicionales, y para el caso particular del Partido Liberal.