bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractales del conocimiento
Authors: Vilalta Xavier 
Published: February 2020

Xavier Vilalta es el fundador y director de Vilalta Architects.Con su equipo, ha desarrollado trabajos a nivel nacional, seguido de proyectos internacionales en países emergentes deÁfrica y Medio Oriente. Participa regularmente como conferenciante en congresos y eventos nacionales e internacionales. Entre algunos de ellos destacan el TED Global, el día nacional de la Arquitectura de Brunei y la CRE Week de Kazakhstan. También ha sido profesor asociado en la ETSAB.
One of the most important lessons of the White Chair with Carlos Ferrater and Alberto Peñín, was how to find strategies to synchronize with the landscape through geometry.This way of understanding architecture has matured over time along with the projects, from a small nursery in the Alamús, Lleida, to a hotel in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil through a high-rise market in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Still in this process, which as a fractal is still open, it is proposed each project seeks to find ways of doing Architecture that can improve the relationship between the communities and their environment. Fractal geometry has its origin in the ancestral knowledge of the territories where it is projected and serves us to incorporate in a contemporary way the tradition, the local culture and the existing resources, seeking through Architecture a better relationship between us and nature.
Confesiones
Authors: Ortega Vázquez Estel 
Published: February 2020

En un momento en que, frente a una realidad totalmente nueva, la arquitectura está expuesta más que nunca a su capacidad elástica, debiendo definir nuevos perfiles profesionales que han desdibujado la figura clásica del arquitecto más allá de la pura edificación, la invitación de esta revista en el 20 aniversario de la Cátedra Blanca para compartir una visión de la profesión, se presenta como una oportunidad para revisar el impacto, el valor y la influencia del arte y del mestizaje entre arquitectos, pensadores y artistas, a través de la arquitectura efímera.La falta de complejos del arte para formular preguntas incómodas y encontrar nuevos lenguajes expresivos, permitió a muchos arquitectos ver en su naturaleza libre la oportunidad de descubrir todo tipo de sinergias al mezclarse los unos con los otros, construyendo así puentes ente disciplinas aparentemente independientes al apostar por la transversalidad. De dicha experiencia resultó en muchos casos la definición de nuevos postulados que cambiaron la manera de entender la arquitectura contemporánea. De Jackson Pollock a Mark Rothko, pasando por la influencia mutua entre los miembros del Independent Group o del grupo CoBrA, y el valor de sus trabajos conjuntos en forma de espacios efímeros (y su capacidad de establecerse como manifestos), en los que el reto es dar forma palpable al conocimiento.
At a time when, facing of a new reality, architecture is exposed more than ever to its elastic capacity, having the need to define new professional profiles that have blurred the classic figure of the architect beyond the pure building, I take the invitation of this magazine on the 20th anniversary of Cátedra Blanca to share a vision of the profession, as an opportunity to review the impact, value and influence of art and the mixture between architects, thinkers and artists, through ephemeral architecture.The lack of art complexes to formulate uncomfortable questions and find new expressive languages, allowed many architects to see in their free nature the opportunity to discover all kinds of synergies by mixing with each other, thus building bridges between seemingly independent disciplines when betting on transversality. From this experience resulted in many cases the definition of new postulates that changed the way of understanding contemporary architecture. From Jackson Pollock to Mark Rothko, through the mutual influence between the members of the Independent Group or the CoBrA group, and the value of their work together in the form of ephemeral spaces (and their ability to establish those as manifestos), in which the challenge It is to give palpable form to knowledge.
FINANCE AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: THE FIFTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE FINANCIAL SECTOR
Authors: Golić Zorica 
Published: February 2020

A true artificial intelligence (AI) system is something that "learns" from the data it stores, in order to perform tasks and solve problems that typically require human intelligence - either with the help of a human expert or independently. The area of AI is an interdisciplinary field, which has been designated as a strategic area in the European Union (EU) approach and a key driver of economic development that can bring solutions to many social challenges and problems. Due to its nature and its tendency to be digitally advanced and smarter with analytics, the financial sector is one of the early adopters of AI and expects multiple benefits from its application, that is, the ability to provide better service in the shortest time possible and at a lower cost. AI in the financial sector is based on an understanding of the business needs of financial organizations, institutions and markets and the ability to connect with technological capabilities. They are powerful tools that completely transform this sector. The basic idea of this paper is to consider where the real value of AI in the financial sector is, i.e. what are the practical aspects and business implications of AI in the financial sector globally. It is common knowledge that evolving technologies have always had a strong impact on the sectors in which they are applied because they give them the opportunity to improve existing manufacturing processes, services, customer experiences, operate more efficiently, achieve cost savings, etc. The aim of this paper is to identify areas of application of AI in the financial sector, and to explore leading AI applications that are changing the financial ecosystem, transforming the financial sector and that have the potential to significantly improve many of its functions. The paper further highlights other implications of AI implementation in the financial sector such as employment - job creation and termination of existing AI-influenced employment, the scope and potential of application in developing countries, the problem of regulation and use in the best interests of man, and the importance of properly managing specific AI risks.
Fluid resuscitation-related coagulation impairment in a porcine hemorrhagic shock model
Authors: Ziebart Alexander , Ruemmler Robert , Möllmann Christian , Kamuf Jens , Garcia-Bardon Andreas , Thal Serge C. , Hartmann Erik K. 
Published: February 2020

Background
Fast and effective treatment of hemorrhagic shock is one of the most important preclinical trauma care tasks e.g., in combat casualties in avoiding severe end-organ damage or death. In scenarios without immediate availability of blood products, alternate regimens of fluid resuscitation represent the only possibility of maintaining sufficient circulation and regaining adequate end-organ oxygen supply. However, the fluid choice alone may affect the extent of the bleeding by interfering with coagulation pathways. This study investigates the impact of hydroxyethyl starch (HES), gelatine-polysuccinate (GP) and balanced electrolyte solution (BES) as commonly used agents for fluid resuscitation on coagulation using a porcine hemorrhagic shock model.

Methods
Following approval by the State and Institutional Animal Care Committee, life-threatening hemorrhagic shock was induced via arterial blood withdrawal in 24 anesthetized pigs. Isovolumetric fluid resuscitation with either HES, GP or BES (n = 3 × 8) was performed to compensate for the blood loss. Over four hours, hemodynamics, laboratory parameters and rotational thromboelastometry-derived coagulation were analyzed. As secondary endpoint the porcine values were compared to human blood.

Results
All the agents used for fluid resuscitation significantly affected coagulation. We measured a restriction of laboratory parameters, clot development and clot firmness, particularly in HES- and GP-treated animals. Hemoglobin content dropped in all groups but showed a more pronounced decline in colloid-treated pigs. This effect was not maintained over the four-hour monitoring period.

Conclusion
HES, GP, and BEL sufficiently stabilized the macrocirculation, but significantly affected coagulation. These effects were most pronounced after colloid and particularly HES administration. Despite suitability for rapid hemodynamic stabilization, colloids have to be chosen with caution, because their molecular properties may affect coagulation directly and as a consequence of pronounced hemodilution. Our comparison of porcine and human coagulation showed increased coagulation activity in pig blood.
A retrospective study comparing super-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy and flexible ureteroscopy for the treatment of 20–30 mm renal stones in obese patients
Authors: Xu Chen , Song Rijin , Lu Pei , Jiang Minjun , Zeng Guohua , Zhang Wei 
Published: February 2020

Objective
This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of Super-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (SMP) and flexible ureteroscopy (F-URS) in the treatment of 20–30 mm renal stones in obese patients.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of outcomes of patients who underwent SMP and F-URS to treat 20–30 mm renal stones from August 2017 to September 2018. Patients with BMI >30 kg/m2 were enrolled into this study. Forty-eight patients underwent SMP, while 104 patients underwent F-URS by the same surgeon. The patients’ demographic data, stone characteristics, perioperative parameters and outcomes, complications, stone-free rate (SFR) and overall costs were retrospectively assessed.

Results
No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of age, gender, BMI, operation side, stone size, number, locations, stone compositions and CT value. The mean operation time was significantly shorter in the SMP group (p < 0.001), while the F-URS group had significantly shorter postoperative stays (p < 0.001) and lower complication rates (p < 0.001). Both groups had similar SFR at a 3-month follow-up (p = 0.190), while the SMP group achieved significant higher SFR 3 days after the operation (p < 0.001). The SMP group had a significantly lower overall cost and fewer stage-2 procedures than the F-URS group.

Conclusion
SMP and F-URS are equally effective in obese patients with 20–30 mm renal stones. However, F-URS offers the advantage of a lower complication rate, while SMP performed better in terms of operation time, tubeless rate, stage-2 procedures and overall costs.
P-Wave and QT Dispersion in Children With βeta-Thalassemia
Authors: Salama Marwa , El-Nemr Shimaa , Badraia Ibrahim , Zoair Amr 
Published: February 2020

Aim: This study aimed at assessing P-wave and QT interval dispersion in children with β-thalassemia and to correlate them with various laboratory and echocardiographic data.
Methodology: Subjects comprised of 30 children with β-thalassemia major as the patient group. 30 healthy children matched for age and sex served as the control group. All patients were evaluated clinically as well as by echocardiography and 12 leads ECG. The type of study is prospective case control study.
Results: There was a statistically significant increase of Interventricular Septal end diastole (IVSd), Interventricular Septal end systole (IVSs), Left Ventricular Internal Diameter end diastole (LVIDd), Left Ventricular Internal Diameter end systole (LVIDs) and Left Ventricular Posterior Wall end diastole (LVPWd) in patients as compared to controls (Mean ±SD = 0.950±0.166, 0.863±0.103, 3.983±0.456, 2.947±0.535a nd 0.797±0.165 respectively) (P < 0.05). Moreover, there were a significant increase of LV mass (Mean ±SD = 107.267±26.736, P= 0.002) and LV mass index of the studied patients (Mean ±SD = 106.900±22.651, P = 0.005) compared to the controls. There were significant decrease of ejection fraction (EF%)( Mean ±SD = 60.373 ± 8.088, P = 0.032)and fractional shortening (FS%) (Mean ±SD = 29.495 ± 4.171, P = 0.026) of the studied patients compared to control group. Both P wave dispersion (PWd) (Mean ±SD = 33.667 ± 13.767, P = 0.029) and QT dispersion (QTd) (Mean ±SD = 53.000 ± 18.411, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in patients compared to controls. There was a significant positive correlation between PWd and serum ferritin (r =0.551, P-value= 0.002), LVIDd (r =0.406, P-value= 0.026), LVPWd (r =0.461, P-value= 0.010), LV mass (r =0.412, P-value= 0.024), and LV mass index(r = 0.379, P-value= 0.039). While, there were a significant positive correlations between QTd and serum ferritin (r =0.654, P-value <0.001), LVIDd (r = 0.388, P-value = 0.034), LV mass (r = 0.454, P-value = 0.012) and LV mass index (r = 0.456, P-value = 0.011).
Conclusion: P wave dispersion and QT dispersion were prolonged in children with β-thalassemia major denoting cardiac autonomic dysfunction with homogeneity disorders of atrial conduction and ventricular repolarization in these patients.
Distribution of msp1, msp2 and eba175 Allelic Family According to Hemoglobin Genotype and G6PD Type from Children with Uncomplicated Malaria in Banfora Heath District (Burkina Faso)
Authors: Sombié Salif , Sindié Sermé Samuel , Diawara Aïssatou , Massar Dieng Mame , Diarra Amidou , S. Badoum Emilie , Aboubacar Coulibaly Sam , Henry/Béré Noelie , Said Abdrabou Wael , Barry Aissata , Kargougou Désiré , Sababeni Traoré Alfred , B. Tiono Alfred , Bienvenu Sirima Sodiomon , Idaghdour Youssef , Soulama Issiaka 
Published: February 2020

Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity according to the host hemoglobin and G6PD genetic variants during the course of malaria in infected children aged from 2 to 10 years and living in endemic area in Burkina Faso.
Study Design: The study was designed as a longitudinal follow up conducted between May 2015 and February 2016 in Banfora health district, Burkina Faso.
Methodology: We included 136 subjects (73 males and 63 females; age range from 2-10 years). Blood thick and thin film was done by capillary blood. Venous blood was collected for DNA extraction. Malaria diagnosis was done by microscopy. Human and parasite DNA were extracted based on Qiagen kit procedure. Then, hemoglobin and G6PD were genotyped by RLFP-PCR while the msp1, msp2 and eba175 genes were typed by a nested PCR. All PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis on a 1.5-2% agarose gel and alleles categorized according to the molecular weight.
Results: The prevalence of hemoglobin type was 19.11% for abnormal hemoglobin and 80.9% for normal hemoglobin carriage. The prevalence of G6PD type was 91.18% for normal and 8.82% for G6PD deficiency carriage, respectively. The prevalence of msp1 allelic families was 81.60%, 80.80% and 67.20% for k1, ro33 and mad20 respectively while for msp2 gene, fc27 and 3D7 allelic family the prevalence was 70.53% and 69.64% respectively. The eba175 allelic families’ distribution showed 77.31% and 40.21% for fcr3 and Camp respectively. There was no difference in multiplicity of infection (MOI) according to hemoglobin genotypes and G6PD types. We found that k1 was the predominant allelic family of msp1 in normal hemoglobin genotype (AA) and normal G6PD type. The mixed infection of eba175 was statistically higher in abnormal hemoglobin (p=0.04). There was no statistical difference between fcr3 and camp prevalence excepted in G6PD deficient type. The polymorphism results showed that the prevalence of 450 bp in fc27 was statistically significantly higher in normal hemoglobin variant carriers (AA) than abnormal hemoglobin carriers (p=2.10 -4)). However, the prevalence of 350 bp in fc27 was statistically higher in normal G6PD than deficient G6PD carriers (p=0.034).
Conclusion: Our result showed that the distribution of msp1 and eba75 polymorphism could be influenced by hemoglobin and G6PD variants. These results suggest that hemoglobin and G6PD could influence P. falciparum genetic diversity.
Pattern of Ophthalmic Procedures Performed at a New Peripheral Eye Clinic in a Semi-urban Area in Port Harcourt, Nigeria - A 5 Year Review
Authors: Onyinye Chukwuka Ireju , Akon Awoyesuku Elizabeth 
Published: February 2020

Aim: A number of ophthalmic procedures are essential in the management of ocular disorders and are an integral part of ophthalmic practice all over the world.
As different therapeutic methods evolve, some ophthalmic procedures have become outdated and some have been modified or replaced by various forms of laser therapy, leading to an increase in uptake of ophthalmic procedures in this country. Also though our patients still prefer non-surgical therapy, when surgery is performed, the results are much improved leading to greater patient satisfaction. This is a result of the use of more sophisticated and expensive surgical equipment and better surgical techniques. The ophthalmic procedures analyzed here were carried out in a general ophthalmic clinic without any subspecialty affiliation.
Methodology: This is a retrospective review of ophthalmic procedures carried out in a specialist facility over a five year period. Information on age, sex and type of ocular procedure was retrieved from case notes of patients and entered into excel sheets. Data was exported from excel sheets for statistical analysis.
Results: A total of 111 patients had Ophthalmic procedures over the 5 –year period under review with a mean age of 56.7±18.5 years and age range from 7 to 89 years. Sixty-three of the patients (56.8%) were males while forty-eight (43.2%) were females (M:F = 4:3). The commonest ophthalmic procedure carried out was cataract extraction which accounted for 48.6% of cases followed by yag laser capsulotomy (19.8%) and pterygium excision (18%). No surgical or laser procedures for glaucoma were performed during this period.
Conclusion: Ophthalmic procedures are a very important mode of treatment of eye disorders. The most common procedure performed in our study was cataract extraction and more males than females underwent both cataract surgery and pterygium excision while more females had laser capsulotomy.
Diphenhydramine increases the therapeutic window for platinum drugs by simultaneously sensitizing tumor cells and protecting normal cells
Authors: Melnikova Margarita , Wauer Ulrike Sophie , Mendus Diana , Hilger Ralf Axel , Oliver Trudy G. , Mercer Kim , Gohlke Björn Oliver , Erdmann Kati , Niederacher Dieter , Neubauer Hans , Buderath Paul , Wimberger Pauline , Kuhlmann Jan Dominik , Thomale Jürgen 
Published: February 2020

Platinum‐based compounds remain a well‐established chemotherapy for cancer treatment despite their adverse effects which substantially restrict the therapeutic windows of the drugs. Both the cell type‐specific toxicity and the clinical responsiveness of tumors have been associated with mechanisms that alter drug entry and export. We sought to identify pharmacological agents that promote cisplatin (CP) efficacy by augmenting the levels of drug‐induced DNA lesions in malignant cells and simultaneously protecting normal tissues from accumulating such damage and from functional loss. Formation and persistence of platination products in the DNA of individual nuclei were measured in drug‐exposed cell lines, in primary human tumor cells and in tissue sections using an immunocytochemical method. Using a mouse model of CP‐induced toxicity, the antihistaminic drug diphenhydramine (DIPH) and two methylated derivatives decreased DNA platination in normal tissues and also ameliorated nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neurotoxicity. In addition, DIPH sensitized multiple cancer cell types, particularly ovarian cancer cells, to CP by increasing intracellular uptake, DNA platination, and/or apoptosis in cell lines and in patient‐derived primary tumor cells. Mechanistically, DIPH diminished transport capacity of CP efflux pumps MRP2, MRP3, and MRP5 particularly in its C2+C6 bimethylated form. Overall, we demonstrate that DIPH reduces side effects of platinum‐based chemotherapy and simultaneously inhibits key mechanisms of platinum resistance. We propose that measuring DNA platination after ex vivo exposure may predict the responsiveness of individual tumors to DIPH‐like modulators.
Dosimetric evaluation of incorporating the revised V4.0 calibration protocol for breast intraoperative radiotherapy with the INTRABEAM system
Authors: Shaikh Mubin Y. , Burmeister Jay , Scott Robin , Kumaraswamy Lalith K. , Nalichowski Adrian , Joiner Michael C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn breast‐targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (TARGIT) clinical trials (TARGIT‐B, TARGIT‐E, TARGIT‐US), a single fraction of radiation is delivered to the tumor bed during surgery with 1.5‐ to 5.0‐cm diameter spherical applicators and an INTRABEAM x‐ray source (XRS). This factory‐calibrated XRS is characterized by two depth‐dose curves (DDCs) named "TARGIT" and "V4.0.” Presently, the TARGIT DDC is used to treat patients enrolled in clinical trials; however, the V4.0 DDC is shown to better represent the delivered dose. Therefore, we reevaluate the delivered prescriptions under the TARGIT protocols using the V4.0 DDC. A 20‐Gy dose was prescribed to the surface of the spherical applicator, and the TARGIT DDC was used to calculate the treatment time. For a constant treatment time, the V4.0 DDC was used to recalculate the dosimetry to evaluate differences in dose rate, dose, and equivalent dose in 2‐Gy fractions (EQD2) for an α/β = 3.5 Gy (endpoint of locoregional relapse). At the surface of the tumor bed (i.e., spherical applicator surface), the calculations using the V4.0 DDC predicted increased values for dose rate (43–16%), dose (28.6–23.2 Gy), and EQD2 (95–31%) for the 1.5‐ to 5.0‐cm diameter spherical applicator sizes, respectively. In general, dosimetric differences are greatest for the 1.5‐cm diameter spherical applicator. The results from this study can be interpreted as a reevaluation of dosimetry or the dangers of underdosage, which can occur if the V4.0 DDC is inadvertently used for TARGIT clinical trial patients. Because the INTRABEAM system is used in TARGIT clinical trials, accurate knowledge about absorbed dose is essential for making meaningful comparisons between radiation treatment modalities, and reproducible treatment delivery is imperative. The results of this study shed light on these concerns.
Flattening filter free VMAT for a stereotactic, single‐dose of 30 Gy to lung lesion in a 15‐min treatment slot
Authors: Pokhrel Damodar , Sanford Lana , Dhanireddy Bhaswanth , Molloy Janelle , Randall Marcus , McGarry Ronald C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCone‐beam CT‐guided single dose of lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) treatment with a flattening filter free (FFF) beam and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is a safe and highly effective treatment modality for selective small lung lesions. Four‐dimensional (4D) CT‐based treatment plans were generated using advanced AcurosXB algorithm for heterogeneity corrections. 6X‐FFF beam produced highly conformal radiosurgical dose distribution to the target and reduced lung SBRT fraction duration to less than 10 min for a single dose of 30 Gy, significantly improving patient comfort and clinic workflow. Early follow‐up CT imaging results (mean, 8 months) show high local control rates (100%) with no acute lung or rib toxicity. Longer clinical follow‐up in a larger patient cohort managed in this fashion is underway to further validate this treatment approach.