bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mushroom DNA barcoding project: Sequencing a segment of the 28S rRNA gene
Authors: Horn Ivo R. , Verleg Peter A. , Ibrahim Nafiesa Z. , Soeleman Khadiedjah , van Kampen Floris , Ruesen Mia O. , Reulen Naïsha M. , Breij Henk , Bakker Roderick J. , Gravendeel Barbara 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDNA barcoding is an important molecular methodology for species identification that was developed over the last two decades and it should be covered in the biology bachelor curriculum. Here, we present an example of DNA barcoding by sequencing a segment of the 28S nuclear ribosomal large subunit rRNA gene of wild mushrooms and framing the education in a project form for undergraduate students in biology. Students perform this project in 6–8 weeks, which also includes preparing a poster, writing a report and presenting a paper related to the work in a journal club format. First, fieldwork in the Netherlands was carried out, during which students collected mushrooms under supervision of a professional mycologist with the goal to (a) verify morphologically based identifications with a molecular method and (b) assess phylogenetic relationships of the different species collected. Next, DNA extractions and quantitation were performed, PCR amplification was done, and samples were sent out for Sanger sequencing. Students aligned and analyzed the sequences using BLAST and Geneious and subsequently created a phylogenetic tree. In case of collecting DNA barcodes of an earlier sequenced species, students could upload the data to a repository established for facilitation of future research projects. The method described is very robust, reagents and equipment are readily available, and costs are relatively low. In addition, the results can be compared to published fungal phylogenetic trees.
Developing a mobile application‐based particle image velocimetry tool for enhanced teaching and learning in fluid mechanics: A design‐based research approach
Authors: Minichiello Angela , Armijo David , Mukherjee Sarbajit , Caldwell Lori , Kulyukin Vladimir , Truscott Tadd , Elliott Jack , Bhouraskar Aditya 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA robust and intuitive understanding of fluid mechanics—the applied science of fluid motion—is foundational within many engineering disciplines, including aerospace, chemical, civil, mechanical, naval, and ocean engineering. In‐depth knowledge of fluid mechanics is critical to safe and economical design of engineering applications employed globally everyday, such as automobiles, aircraft, and sea craft, and to meeting global 21st century engineering challenges, such as developing renewable energy sources, providing access to clean water, managing the environmental nitrogen cycle, and improving urban infrastructure. Despite the fundamental nature of fluid mechanics within the broader undergraduate engineering curriculum, students often characterize courses in fluid mechanics as mathematically onerous, conceptually difficult, and aesthetically uninteresting; anecdotally, undergraduates may choose to opt‐out of fluids engineering‐related careers based on their early experiences in fluids courses. Therefore, the continued development of new frameworks for engineering instruction in fluid mechanics is needed. Toward that end, this paper introduces mobile instructional particle image velocimetry (mI‐PIV), a low‐cost, open‐source, mobile application‐based educational tool under development for smartphones and tablets running Android. The mobile application provides learners with both technological capability and guided instruction that enables them to visualize and experiment with authentic flow fields in real time. The mI‐PIV tool is designed to generate interest in and intuition about fluid flow and to improve understanding of mathematical concepts as they relate to fluid mechanics by providing opportunities for fluids‐related active engagement and discovery in both formal and informal learning contexts.
Wound healing after excision of subcutaneous tumors treated with near‐infrared photoimmunotherapy
Authors: Rosenberg Adrian , Inagaki Fuyuki , Kato Takuya , Okada Ryuhei , Wakiyama Hiroaki , Furusawa Aki , Choyke Peter L. , Kobayashi Hisataka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNear‐infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR‐PIT) is a novel cancer therapy that employs a combination of infrared light and tumor‐targeted monoclonal antibody‐photoabsorber conjugates to cause both direct tumor necrosis and immunogenic cell death. NIR‐PIT may have potential in the perioperative setting before surgery, and therefore it is important to know the effect of NIR‐PIT on wound healing. Fifty mice were implanted with subcutaneous xenografts of N87 human gastric cancer cells, and tumors were excised after reaching a predetermined size. After excision, 30 mice were split into three groups: Controls, NIR‐PIT 1 day prior to surgery and NIR‐PIT 3 days prior to surgery. The quantity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in each wound was measured on Postoperative Days 2 and 4, and mice were monitored weekly for 4 weeks for evidence of local tumor recurrence as well as clinical evidence of wound healing complications (eg, dehiscence, infection). The remaining 20 mice (10 controls, 10 treated with NIR‐PIT 1 day prior to surgery) were sacrificed on either Postoperative Day 7 or 14, the skin around wounds were excised, and tensile strength was measured with a digital force gauge. There were no significant differences between treatment and control groups with respect to wound ROS levels, wound tensile strength, local tumor recurrence, or postoperative complication rates (P > .05). In conclusion, neoadjuvant (pre‐operative) NIR‐PIT shows no evidence of adverse wound healing effects, and it is likely a safe adjunctive treatment to surgery. Postoperative use of NIR‐PIT merits investigation.
Cationic RuII Cyclopentadienyl Complexes with Antifungal Activity against Several Candida Species
Authors: Golbaghi Golara , Groleau Marie‐Christine , López de los Santos Yossef , Doucet Nicolas , Déziel Eric , Castonguay Annie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFungal infections, including those caused by antifungal‐resistant Candida, are a very challenging health problem worldwide. Whereas different ruthenium complexes were previously studied for their anti‐Candida potential, Ru‐cyclopentadienyl complexes were overlooked. Here, we report an antifungal activity assessment of three Ru‐cyclopentadienyl complexes with some insights into their potential mode of action. Among these complexes, only the cationic species [Ru‐ACN]+ and [Ru‐ATZ]+ displayed a significant antifungal activity against different Candida strains, notably against the ones that did not respond to one of the most currently used antifungal drugs fluconazole (FCZ). However, no apparent activity was observed for the neutral species, Ru−Cl, thus indicating the important role of the cationic backbone of these complexes in their biological activity. We suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation might be involved in the mechanism of action of these complexes as, unlike neutral Ru−Cl, [Ru‐ACN]+ and [Ru‐ATZ]+ could generate intracellular concentration‐dependent ROS. We also observed a correlation between the ruthenium cellular uptake, ROS generation and fungal growth inhibitory activity of the compounds. Furthermore, docking simulations showed that the CYP51 enzyme can form more energetically favorable complexes with [Ru‐ATZ]+ than fluconazole (FCZ); this suggests that CYP51 inhibition could also be considered as a potential mode of action.
Hepar Lobatum carcinomatosum: A rare cause of portal hypertension
Authors: Mathis Guillaume , Felli Emanuele , Mutter Didier , Pessaux Patrick 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHepar lobatum carcinomatosum is a rare form of major hepatic dysmorphia secondary to metastatic breast cancer. This condition seems to be related to the obstruction of portal vessels by tumor cells responsible of possible secondary portal hypertension without underlying cirrhosis.
Acute interstitial nephritis with only three doses of pantoprazole
Authors: Samal Subhankar , Singhania Namrata , Bansal Saurabh , Singhania Girish 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSeveral antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs can cause acute interstitial nephritis. This is not dose‐dependent, and recurrence can occur with a second exposure of the same drug. Stopping the culprit is critical for successful management.
Engineering Bifunctional Host Materials of Sulfur and Lithium‐Metal Based on Nitrogen‐Enriched Polyacrylonitrile for Li–S Batteries
Authors: Dai Zudian , Wang Mei , Zhang Yin , Wang Boya , Luo Hang , Zhang Xuemei , Wang Qian , Zhang Yun , Wu Hao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) still suffer from the shuttle effect on the cathode and the lithium dendrite on the anode. Herein, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is developed into a bifunctional host material to simultaneously address the challenges faced on both the sulfur cathode and lithium anode in LSBs. For the sulfur cathode, PAN is bonded with sulfur to produce sulfurized PAN (SPAN) to avoid the shuttle effect. The SPAN is accommodated into a conductive 3D CNTs‐wrapped carbon foam to prepare a self‐supporting cathode, which improves the electronic and ionic conductivity, and buffers the volume expansion. Thereby, it delivers reversible capacity, superb rate capability, and outstanding cycling stability. For the Li‐metal anode, PAN aerogel is carbonized to give macroporous N‐doped cross‐linked carbon nanofiber that behaves as a lithiophilic host to regulate Li plating and suppress the growth of Li dendrite. Combining the improvements for both the cathode and anode realizes a remarkable long‐term cyclability (765 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles) in a full cell. It provides new opportunity to propel the practical application of advanced LSBs.
Boron Effect on Sugar‐Based Organogelators
Authors: Ludwig Andreas D. , Saint‐Jalmes Arnaud , Mériadec Cristelle , Artzner Franck , Tasseau Olivier , Berrée Fabienne , Lemiègre Loïc 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe reaction of several alkylglucosides with phenyl boronic acid permitted easy access to a series of alkylglucoside phenyl boronate derivatives. This type of compound has structures similar to those of known benzylidene glucoside organogelators except for the presence of a boronate function in place of the acetal one. Low to very low concentrations of these amphiphilic molecules produced gelation of several organic solvents. The rheological properties of the corresponding soft materials characterized them as elastic solids. They were further characterized by SEM to obtain more information on their morphologies and by SAXS to determine the type of self‐assembly involved within the gels. The sensitivity of the boronate function towards hydrolysis was also investigated. We demonstrated that a small amount of water (5 % v/v) was sufficient to disrupt the organogels leading to the original alkylglucoside and phenyl boronic acid; an important difference with the stable benzylidene‐based organogelators. Such water‐sensitive boronated organogelators could be suitable substances for the preparation of smart soft material for topical drug delivery.
Female Faculty: Why So Few and Why Care?
Authors: Kamerlin Shina Caroline Lynn , Wittung‐Stafshede Pernilla 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDespite slow ongoing progress in increasing the representation of women in academia, women remain significantly under‐represented at senior levels, in particular in the natural sciences and engineering. Not infrequently, this is downplayed by bringing forth arguments such as inherent biological differences between genders, that current policies are adequate to address the issue, or by deflecting this as being “not my problem” among other examples. In this piece we present scientific evidence that counters these claims, as well as a best‐practice example, Genie, from Chalmers University of Technology, where one of the authors is currently employed. We also highlight particular challenges caused by the current COVID‐19 pandemic. Finally, we conclude by proposing some possible solutions to the situation and emphasize that we need to all do our part, to ensure that the next generation of academics experience a more diverse, inclusive, and equitable working environment.
Chelating Group Enabled Palladium‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Carbonylative Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydroquinolin‐4(1H)‐ones
Authors: Ying Jun , Wang Jian‐Shu , Yao Lingyun , Lu Wangyang , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA new procedure on palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative cyclization of N‐(2‐pyridyl)sulfonyl (N‐SO2Py)‐2‐iodoanilines with terminal alkenes has been developed for the rapid construction of dihydroquinolin‐4(1H)‐one scaffolds. Enabled by the chelating group and using benzene‐1,3,5‐triyl triformate (TFBen) as the CO source, both aromatic and aliphatic alkenes were smoothly transformed into the corresponding 2,3‐dihydroquinolin‐4(1H)‐ones in good yields with excellent regioselectivities. Notably, the reaction of aromatic alkenes produces 2‐aryl‐2,3‐dihydroquinolin‐4(1H)‐ones, while 3‐alkyl‐2,3‐dihydroquinolin‐4(1H)‐ones were obtained when aliphatic alkenes were used. This protocol has been applied in the synthesis of antitumor agent A as well.
Genkwadane F—I, New Daphnane‐type Diterpenes from the Flower Buds of Daphne genkwa Sieb.et Zucc. Exhibit Anti‐tumor Activities via Inducing Apoptosis
Authors: Hou Xuewen , Chen Jingjie , Hou Xuefen , Gao Pinyi , Wang Jinlin , Song Shaojiang , Li Lingzhi 
Published: June 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionGenkwadane F—I (1—4), four new diterpenes, along with four known ones (5—8), were isolated from the flower buds of D. genkwa. The structures including absolute configurations of 1—4 were determined based on the analysis of NMR and ECD calculations. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against MCF‐7 and Hep3B cell lines, among which compounds 3 and 4 showed significant activities. Compound 4 exhibited the most potent activity with IC50 values of 1.33 μM against MCF‐7, and the IC50 values of compound 3 against MCF‐7 and Hep3B were 5.54 μM and 8.73 μM, respectively. Further studies by Hoechst 33258 staining and Annexin V/PI analysis demonstrated that compounds 3 and 4 could induce apoptosis to exhibit anti‐tumor activities.
A high efficacy and tunable white light‐emitting diode cluster with both color fidelity and nonvisual performances close to natural lights
Authors: Li Xinhao , Ding Ke , Zhong Ping , He Guoxing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA luminous efficacy model for a white light‐emitting diode (LED) cluster was developed, and five α‐opic efficacy ratios (γα,Vs) of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells were adopted in order to quantify its nonvisual performance relative to natural light. A tunable C/A/R LED cluster, which consists of the cyan LEDs with green phosphor excited by a blue LED, the amber LEDs with green and orange phosphors excited by same blue chip, and the red LEDs, was proposed by maximizing the average luminous efficacy at correlated color temperatures (CCTs) of 2700 to 6500 K under the condition of color fidelity index (Rf) above 96 and five values of γα,V of 0.95 to 1.05. The real tunable C/A/R LED cluster with a Rf of 95 to 96, five values of γα,V of 0.97 to 1.01, and a luminous efficacy of 114 to 120 lm/W at a CCT of 2670 to 6456 K were demonstrated. Furthermore, five values of γα,V can be adjusted according to the distance from the Planckian or daylight locus on the CIE 1960 uv chromaticity diagram at different CCTs. Thus, the tunability of γα,V value of the C/A/R LED cluster at a specific CCT could be applied to different requirements for nonvisual performance.
Continued Fractions and Hankel Determinants from Hyperelliptic Curves
Authors: Hone Andrew N. W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFollowing van der Poorten, we consider a family of nonlinear maps that are generated from the continued fraction expansion of a function on a hyperelliptic curve of genus g. Using the connection with the classical theory of J‐fractions and orthogonal polynomials, we show that in the simplest case g = 1 this provides a straightforward derivation of Hankel determinant formulae for the terms of a general Somos‐4 sequence, which were found in a particular form by Chang, Hu, and Xin. We extend these formulae to the higher genus case, and prove that generic Hankel determinants in genus 2 satisfy a Somos‐8 relation. Moreover, for all g we show that the iteration for the continued fraction expansion is equivalent to a discrete Lax pair with a natural Poisson structure, and the associated nonlinear map is a discrete integrable system. © 2020 the Authors. Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics is published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics of a Fixed‐Dose Combination of Rosuvastatin/Metformin Sustained‐Release (10/1000 mg) and Separate Tablets in Healthy Male Subjects
Authors: Huh Ki Young , Kim Eunwoo , Lee Heechan , Jeon Inseung , Suh Hearan , Lee Jongsun , Lee Yunhee , Yu Kyung‐Sang , Lee SeungHwan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFixed‐dose combination (FDC) drugs with various dose combinations for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia are currently in demand. We compared the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of the rosuvastatin/metformin sustained‐release (10/1000 mg) FDC and separate tablets and evaluated the effect of food by randomized, open‐label, 3‐period, 6‐sequence crossover studies conducted in healthy male subjects. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: separate tablets of 10 mg rosuvastatin and 1000 mg metformin sustained release in the fed state and the FDC in the fasted and fed states. PK samples were collected up to 72 hours postdose for rosuvastatin, N‐desmethyl rosuvastatin, and metformin. The PK parameters were determined using a noncompartmental method, and the geometric mean ratio (GMR) and the 90% confidence interval (CI) of the treatments were calculated. A total of 35 subjects completed the study. The GMR and 90%CI of the peak concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time zero to the last measurable concentration (AUClast) of the FDC and the separate tablets were within the bioequivalence criteria (0.8–1.25) for both rosuvastatin and metformin. The effect of food was statistically significant for both rosuvastatin and metformin but not expected to be of clinical significance.
High‐throughput Preparation of DNA, RNA, and Protein from Cryopreserved Human iPSCs for Multi‐omics Analysis
Authors: Zhang Jeffrey X. , Lau Edward , Paik David T. , Zhuge Yan , Wu Joseph C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe describe the procedure to isolate genomic DNA, RNA, and protein directly from cryopreserved induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) vials using commercially available solid‐phase extraction kits, and we report the relationship between macromolecule yields and experimental and storage factors. Sufficient quantities of DNA, RNA, and protein are recoverable from as low as 1 million cryopreserved cells across 728 distinct iPSC lines suitable for whole‐genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and mass spectrometry experiments. Nucleic acids extracted from iPSC stocks cryopreserved up to 4 years maintain sufficient quantity and integrity for downstream analysis with minimal genomic DNA fragmentation. An expected positive correlation exists between cell count and DNA or RNA yield, with comparable yields recovered between cells across different cryostorage timespans. This article provides an effective way to simultaneously isolate iPSC biomolecules for multi‐omics investigations. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: QIAshredder and AllPrep DNA/RNA/protein mini kit extraction and subsequent DNA quantification and quality analysisBasic Protocol 2: Broad‐range RNA quantification and quality assay using QuBit 4 Fluorometer and associated kits
DNA Fiber Assay for the Analysis of DNA Replication Progression in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Halliwell Jason A. , Gravells Polly , Bryant Helen E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cells (PSC) acquire recurrent chromosomal instabilities during prolonged in vitro culture that threaten to preclude their use in cell‐based regenerative medicine. The rapid proliferation of pluripotent cells leads to constitutive replication stress, hindering the progression of DNA replication forks and in some cases leading to replication‐fork collapse. Failure to overcome replication stress can result in incomplete genome duplication, which, if left to persist into the subsequent mitosis, can result in structural and numerical chromosomal instability.We have recently applied the DNA fiber assay to the study of replication stress in human PSC and found that, in comparison to somatic cells states, these cells display features of DNA replication stress that include slower replication fork speeds, evidence of stalled forks, and replication initiation from dormant replication origins. These findings have expanded on previous work demonstrating that extensive DNA damage in human PSC is replication associated. In this capacity, the DNA fiber assay has enabled the development of an advanced nucleoside‐enriched culture medium that increases replication fork progression and decreases DNA damage and mitotic errors in human PSC cultures.The DNA fiber assay allows for the study of replication fork dynamics at single‐molecule resolution. The assay relies on cells incorporating nucleotide analogs into nascent DNA during replication, which are then measured to monitor several replication parameters. Here we provide an optimized protocol for the fiber assay intended for use with human PSC, and describe the methods employed to analyze replication fork parameters. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: DNA fiber labelingBasic Protocol 2: DNA fiber spreadingBasic Protocol 3: ImmunostainingSupport Protocol 1: Microscopy/data acquisitionSupport Protocol 2: Data analysis
Novel quantum‐dot cellular automata implementation of flip‐flop and phase‐frequency detector based on nand‐nor‐inverter gates
Authors: Alamdar Hani , Ardeshir Gholamreza , Gholami Mohammad 
Published: June 2020

SummaryCMOS technology faces fundamental challenges such as frequency and power consumption due to the impossibility of further reducing dimensions. For these reasons, researchers have been thinking replacement of this technology with other technologies such as quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA) technology. Many studies have been done to design digital circuits using QCA technology. Phase‐frequency detector (PFD) is one of the main blocks in electrical and communication circuits. In this paper, a novel structure for PFDs in QCA technology is proposed. In the proposed design, the novel D flip‐flop (D‐FF) with reset ability is used. The D‐FF is designed by the proposed D latch which is based on nand‐nor‐inverter (NNI) and an inverter gate. This proposed D latch has 22 cells and 0.5 clock cycle latency and 0.018‐μm2 area. The inverter gate of the D‐FF has output signal with high polarization level and lower area than previous inverters, and the NNI gate of the D‐FF is a universal gate. The proposed PFD has 141 cells, 0.17‐μm2 occupied area, and two clock cycle latency that is smaller compared with PFD and is based on common inverter and majority gates.