bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Health Status and Dental Treatment Needs in Syrian Refugee Children in Zaatari Camp
Authors: Salim Nesreen A , Shaini Firas J , Sartawi Samiha , Al-Shboul Bashar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Syrian crisis has resulted in a devastating impact on refugees’ oral health and data on their oral health is lacking. To explore oral health and dental needs of Syrian refugee children, a cross-sectional study of 484 children was conducted. Caries prevalence, DMFT, SiC, and oral hygiene indices were recorded. Caries prevalence was 96.1%, with mean dmft/DMFT scores of 3.65/1.15, SiC scores were 6.64/2.56, and Hygiene Index was 1.13. Decay was the main component of dmft/DMFT (89%-88%). Most common complaint was pain (98.3%) with 88% of the children do not brush/brush occasionally. Pearson’s correlation displayed a strong association between dental caries and age (P ≤ 0.01), where caries in permanent dentition increases and in deciduous dentition decreases. Syrian refugees showed poor oral health, high caries prevalence, high unmet dental needs, and poor oral hygiene practices, which indicates lack of dental care services, and warranting urgent prevention to reduce the burden of oral disease of this population.
Achondroplasia—First Report from India of a Rare FGFR3 Gene Variant
Authors: Chaudhry Chakshu , G Prabakaran , Srivastava Priyanka , Das Reena , Kaur Jasbir , Panigrahi Inusha , Kaur Anupriya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The clinical manifestations of FGFR3 sequence variations can vary from mild unnoticed short stature to neonatal lethal dwarfism and can be causative of phenotypes including achondroplasia, hypochondroplasia, and thanatophoric dysplasia. Clinical data describe an 11 month old girl with restricted growth and preserved intellect. She had rhizomelic short stature with peculiar facies but no Acanthosis nigricans. In view of the absence of the hotspot mutation c.1138 G&gt;A/G&gt;C (p.Gly380Arg), complete gene sequencing was done that revealed a rare sequence variation, NM_000142.4:c.1043C&gt;G (p.Ser348Cys) in FGFR3. This sequence variation has not been reported from India so far. This report emphasizes the benefit of sequencing the whole gene in individuals who are negative for hotspot mutation of achondroplasia with strong clinical suspicion.
Singing Cato: Poetic Grammar and Moral Citation in Medieval Latin Song
Authors: Caldwell Mary Channen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Widely acknowledged as emerging from clerical, monastic, and pedagogical communities, the poetry of medieval Latin song was informed by the vocabulary, grammar, and rhetoric emanating from these spheres of knowledge and practice. I argue for the specific manifestation of these spheres through grammatical citation, a practice in which noun and verb paradigms poetically shape Latin songs. Specifically, grammatical paradigms structure select songs by declining or conjugating strophic incipits systematically throughout the poem. Grammatical citationality in Latin songs, whose poetry otherwise chiefly explores festive, religious topics, serves as a signal of their implicitly disciplinary and didactic function. With grammar operating as an emblem of correct, moral behaviour, these devotional songs exemplified morally and spiritually upright Christian behaviour for singers and listeners. A capstone to this sung didacticism is the thirteenth-century Cum animadverterem, a conductus uniquely linking grammatical citation with a quotation from Cato’s Distichs, a famed medieval textbook of moral learning.
cosmic birth: efficient Bayesian inference of the evolving cosmic web from galaxy surveys
Authors: Kitaura Francisco-Shu , Ata Metin , Rodríguez-Torres Sergio A , Hernández-Sánchez Mónica , Balaguera-Antolínez A , Yepes Gustavo 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We present cosmic birth (COSMological Initial Conditions from Bayesian Inference Reconstructions with THeoretical models): an algorithm to reconstruct the primordial and evolved cosmic density fields from galaxy surveys on the light-cone. The displacement and peculiar velocity fields are obtained from forward modelling at different redshift snapshots given some initial cosmic density field within a Gibbs-sampling scheme. This allows us to map galaxies, observed in a light-cone, to a single high redshift and hereby provide tracers and the corresponding survey completeness in Lagrangian space including tetrahedral tessellation mapping. These Lagrangian tracers in turn permit us to efficiently obtain the primordial density field, making the cosmic birth code general to any structure formation model. Our tests are restricted for the time being to augmented Lagrangian perturbation theory. We show how to robustly compute the non-linear Lagrangian bias from clustering measurements in a numerical way, enabling us to get unbiased dark matter field reconstructions at initial cosmic times. We also show that we can accurately recover the information of the dark matter field from the galaxy distribution based on a detailed simulation. Novel key ingredients to this approach are a higher order Hamiltonian-sampling technique and a non-diagonal Hamiltonian mass matrix. This technique could be used to study the Eulerian galaxy bias from galaxy surveys and could become an ideal baryon acoustic reconstruction technique. In summary, this method represents a general reconstruction technique, including in a self-consistent way a survey mask, non-linear and non-local bias, and redshift-space distortions, with an efficiency about 10 times superior to previous comparable methods.
The Ophiuchus DIsc Survey Employing ALMA (ODISEA) – III. The evolution of substructures in massive discs at 3–5 au resolution
Authors: Cieza Lucas A , González-Ruilova Camilo , Hales Antonio S , Pinilla Paola , Ruíz-Rodríguez Dary , Zurlo Alice , Casassus Simón , Pérez Sebastián , Cánovas Hector , Arce-Tord Carla , Flock Mario , Kurtovic Nicolas , Marino Sebastian , Nogueira Pedro H , Perez Laura , Price Daniel J , Principe David A , Williams Jonathan P 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
We present 1.3 mm continuum ALMA long-baseline observations at 3–5 au resolution of 10 of the brightest discs from the Ophiuchus DIsc Survey Employing ALMA (ODISEA) project. We identify a total of 26 narrow rings and gaps distributed in 8 sources and 3 discs with small dust cavities (r &lt;10 au). We find that two discs around embedded protostars lack the clear gaps and rings that are ubiquitous in more evolved sources with Class II SEDs. Our sample includes five objects with previously known large dust cavities (r &gt;20 au). We find that the 1.3 mm radial profiles of these objects are in good agreement with those produced by numerical simulations of dust evolution and planet–disc interactions, which predict the accumulation of mm-sized grains at the edges of planet-induced cavities. Our long-baseline observations resulted in the largest sample of discs observed at ∼3–5 au resolution in any given star-forming region (15 objects when combined with Ophiuchus objects in the DSHARP Large Program) and allow for a demographic study of the brightest $\sim\! 5{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the discs in Ophiuchus (i.e. the most likely formation sites of giant planets in the cloud). We use this unique sample to propose an evolutionary sequence and discuss a scenario in which the substructures observed in massive protoplanetary discs are mainly the result of planet formation and dust evolution. If this scenario is correct, the detailed study of disc substructures might provide a window to investigate a population of planets that remains mostly undetectable by other techniques.
Oligoasthenoteratospermia and sperm tail bending in PPP4C-deficient mice
Authors: Han F , Dong M Z , Lei W L , Xu Z L , Gao F , Schatten H , Wang Z B , Sun X F , Sun Q Y 
Published: December 2020

AbstractProtein phosphatase 4 (PPP4) is a protein phosphatase that, although highly expressed in the testis, currently has an unclear physiological role in this tissue. Here, we show that deletion of PPP4 catalytic subunit gene Ppp4c in the mouse causes male-specific infertility. Loss of PPP4C, when assessed by light microscopy, did not obviously affect many aspects of the morphology of spermatogenesis, including acrosome formation, nuclear condensation and elongation, mitochondrial sheaths arrangement and ‘9 + 2’ flagellar structure assembly. However, the PPP4C mutant had sperm tail bending defects (head-bent-back), low sperm count, poor sperm motility and had cytoplasmic remnants attached to the middle piece of the tail. The cytoplasmic remnants were further investigated by transmission electron microscopy to reveal that a defect in cytoplasm removal appeared to play a significant role in the observed spermiogenesis failure and resulting male infertility. A lack of PPP4 during spermatogenesis causes defects that are reminiscent of oligoasthenoteratospermia (OAT), which is a common cause of male infertility in humans. Like the lack of functional PPP4 in the mouse model, OAT is characterized by abnormal sperm morphology, low sperm count and poor sperm motility. Although the causes of OAT are probably heterogeneous, including mutation of various genes and environmentally induced defects, the detailed molecular mechanism(s) has remained unclear. Our discovery that the PPP4C-deficient mouse model shares features with human OAT might offer a useful model for further studies of this currently poorly understood disorder.
Heritable pattern of oxidized DNA base repair coincides with pre-targeting of repair complexes to open chromatin
Authors: Bacolla Albino , Sengupta Shiladitya , Ye Zu , Yang Chunying , Mitra Joy , De-Paula Ruth B , Hegde Muralidhar L , Ahmed Zamal , Mort Matthew , Cooper David N , Mitra Sankar , Tainer John A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Human genome stability requires efficient repair of oxidized bases, which is initiated via damage recognition and excision by NEIL1 and other base excision repair (BER) pathway DNA glycosylases (DGs). However, the biological mechanisms underlying detection of damaged bases among the million-fold excess of undamaged bases remain enigmatic. Indeed, mutation rates vary greatly within individual genomes, and lesion recognition by purified DGs in the chromatin context is inefficient. Employing super-resolution microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation assays, we find that acetylated NEIL1 (AcNEIL1), but not its non-acetylated form, is predominantly localized in the nucleus in association with epigenetic marks of uncondensed chromatin. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) revealed non-random AcNEIL1 binding near transcription start sites of weakly transcribed genes and along highly transcribed chromatin domains. Bioinformatic analyses revealed a striking correspondence between AcNEIL1 occupancy along the genome and mutation rates, with AcNEIL1-occupied sites exhibiting fewer mutations compared to AcNEIL1-free domains, both in cancer genomes and in population variation. Intriguingly, from the evolutionarily conserved unstructured domain that targets NEIL1 to open chromatin, its damage surveillance of highly oxidation-susceptible sites to preserve essential gene function and to limit instability and cancer likely originated ∼500 million years ago during the buildup of free atmospheric oxygen.
The nucleoid-associated protein IHF acts as a ‘transcriptional domainin’ protein coordinating the bacterial virulence traits with global transcription
Authors: Reverchon Sylvie , Meyer Sam , Forquet Raphaël , Hommais Florence , Muskhelishvili Georgi , Nasser William 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBacterial pathogenic growth requires a swift coordination of pathogenicity function with various kinds of environmental stress encountered in the course of host infection. Among the factors critical for bacterial adaptation are changes of DNA topology and binding effects of nucleoid-associated proteins transducing the environmental signals to the chromosome and coordinating the global transcriptional response to stress. In this study, we use the model phytopathogen Dickeya dadantii to analyse the organisation of transcription by the nucleoid-associated heterodimeric protein IHF. We inactivated the IHFα subunit of IHF thus precluding the IHFαβ heterodimer formation and determined both phenotypic effects of ihfA mutation on D. dadantii virulence and the transcriptional response under various conditions of growth. We show that ihfA mutation reorganises the genomic expression by modulating the distribution of chromosomal DNA supercoils at different length scales, thus affecting many virulence genes involved in both symptomatic and asymptomatic phases of infection, including those required for pectin catabolism. Altogether, we propose that IHF heterodimer is a ‘transcriptional domainin’ protein, the lack of which impairs the spatiotemporal organisation of transcriptional stress-response domains harbouring various virulence traits, thus abrogating the pathogenicity of D. dadantii.
Pathway-Based Reduction of Repeat Head Computed Tomography for Patients With Complicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Implementation and Outcomes
Authors: Stippler Martina , Keith Stacey , Nelton Emmalin B , Parsons Charles S , Singleton Jennifer , Bilello Leslie A , Tibbles Carrie D , Davis Roger B , Edlow Jonathan A , Rosen Carlo L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Routine follow-up head imaging in complicated mild traumatic brain injury (cmTBI) patients has not been shown to alter treatment, improve outcomes, or identify patients in need of neurosurgical intervention. We developed a follow-up head computed tomography (CT) triage algorithm for cmTBI patients to decrease the number of routine follow-up head CT scans obtained in this population.

OBJECTIVE
To report our experience with protocol implications and patient outcome.

METHODS
Data on all cmTBI patients presenting from July 1, 2018 to June 31, 2019, to our level 1, tertiary, academic medical center were collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively. Descriptive analysis was performed.

RESULTS
Of the 178 patients enrolled, 52 (29%) received a follow-up head CT. A total of 27 patients (15%) were scanned because of initial presentation and triaged to the group to receive a routine follow-up head CT. A total of 151 patients (85%) were triaged to the group without routine follow-up head CT scan. Protocol adherence was 89% with 17 violations.

CONCLUSION
Utilizing this protocol, we were able to safely decrease the use of routine follow-up head CT scans in cmTBI patients by 71% without any missed injuries or delayed surgery. Adoption of the protocol was high among all services managing TBI patients.
Nutritional and health factors affecting the bioavailability of calcium: a narrative review
Authors: Wawrzyniak Natalia , Suliburska Joanna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCalcium is responsible for the effectiveness of various processes, and its supply in the diet is necessary for the normal function of the human body. Apart from being an important component of the skeleton, calcium also helps maintain the structure of cell organelles and regulates intracellular and extracellular fluid homeostasis. This review presents the nutritional and health factors that affect the bioavailability of calcium. Physiological conditions and factors such as pregnancy, infancy, menopause, old age, hormones, growth factors associated with calcium metabolism, diseases limiting its absorption, and intestinal microbiota are distinguished among endogenous factors. Although the calcium supply in the body is genetically conditioned and specific to each person, its qualitative and quantitative composition can be modified by external factors. The exogenous factors include dietary modifications with particular nutrients and pharmacological treatment. Adequate calcium levels increase bone protection and prevent osteoporosis, a disease involving low mineral bone mass.
Impacts of the Great Recession on sport: evidence from English Football League attendance demand
Authors: Buraimo Babatunde , Migali Giuseppe , Simmons Rob 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article investigates the impact of the 2007–9 Great Recession on attendance demand in the English Football League. We identify causal effects of variations in local unemployment rates on club matchday attendances using a difference-in-difference methodology applied to specific treatment and control group clubs categorized according to severity of local unemployment increase during the recession period. We find that treatment clubs in Tiers 3 and 4 suffered an attendance reduction of 10.5% purely through rising unemployment in local Travel to Work Areas containing clubs’ stadia after controlling for a large set of confounding influences. Smaller but still significant effects are found in alternative specifications, including the incorporation of Tier 2 clubs into the analysis.
Revisiting the Doctrine of Intertemporal Law
Authors: Wheatley Steven 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
There is a tension in the doctrine of intertemporal law outlined by Max Huber in the Island of Palmas case. The first branch demands that the legality of an act be judged by the law in force at the time the act occurs; the second that we take into account any change in the law over time. We see the problem in the 2019 Chagos Archipelago proceedings. The UK argued that the detachment of the Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965 was not unlawful, because it was not regarded as unlawful at the time. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) disagreed, deciding that the detachment was unlawful at that time, but it relied on the 1970 Declaration on Friendly Relations to confirm this conclusion. This article explains why the ICJ’s use of dynamic logic to reach its decision was correct—and what this tells us about the intertemporal doctrine.
A Novel Putative Microtubule-Associated Protein Is Involved in Arbuscule Development during Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Formation
Authors: Ho-Pl�garo Tania , Huertas Ra�l , Tamayo-Navarrete Mar�a I , Blancaflor Elison , Gavara Nuria , Garc�a-Garrido Jos� M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The formation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis requires plant root host cells to undergo major structural and functional reprogramming to house the highly branched AM fungal structure for the reciprocal exchange of nutrients. These morphological modifications are associated with cytoskeleton remodelling. However, molecular bases and the role of microtubules (MTs) and actin filament dynamics during AM formation are largely unknown. In this study, the tomato tsb (tomato similar to SB401) gene, belonging to a Solanaceae group of genes encoding MT-associated proteins (MAPs) for pollen development, was found to be highly expressed in root cells containing arbuscules. At earlier stages of mycorrhizal development, tsb overexpression enhanced the formation of highly developed and transcriptionally active arbuscules, while tsb silencing hampers the formation of mature arbuscules and represses arbuscule functionality. However, at later stages of mycorrhizal colonization, tsb overexpressing (OE) roots accumulate fully developed transcriptionally inactive arbuscules, suggesting that the collapse and turnover of arbuscules might be impaired by TSB accumulation. Imaging analysis of the MT cytoskeleton in cortex root cells OE tsb revealed that TSB is involved in MT bundling. Taken together, our results provide unprecedented insights into the role of novel MAP in MT rearrangements throughout the different stages of the arbuscule life cycle.
Finding a job after unemployment—education as a moderator of unemployment scarring in Norway and German-speaking Switzerland
Authors: Shi Lulu P , Di Stasio and Valentina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Using data collected with a factorial survey experiment in Norway and Switzerland, we analyze how employers react to unemployment spells when screening job applications. Our focus is on whether unemployment scarring varies depending on the applicants’ level of education and the duration and timing of the unemployment spell. We find unemployment scars of similar size in the two countries. Interestingly, education moderates the strength of unemployment scarring: in the Swiss context, graduates from vocational education and training (VET) programs are the most severely affected by unemployment, even years after regaining employment; this is not the case in Norway. We contribute to the unemployment scarring literature and to comparative scholarship on school-to-work transitions by exposing a trade-off of dual VET systems, which are known to provide a safety net from unemployment. Our findings show that these same systems can cause scars that are particularly long-lasting to VET graduates who fall into unemployment.
Cenote-Taker 2 democratizes virus discovery and sequence annotation
Authors: Tisza Michael J , Belford Anna K , Domínguez-Huerta Guillermo , Bolduc Benjamin , Buck Christopher B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Viruses, despite their great abundance and significance in biological systems, remain largely mysterious. Indeed, the vast majority of the perhaps hundreds of millions of viral species on the planet remain undiscovered. Additionally, many viruses deposited in central databases like GenBank and RefSeq are littered with genes annotated as ‘hypothetical protein’ or the equivalent. Cenote-Taker 2, a virus discovery and annotation tool available on command line and with a graphical user interface with free high-performance computation access, utilizes highly sensitive models of hallmark virus genes to discover familiar or divergent viral sequences from user-input contigs. Additionally, Cenote-Taker 2 uses a flexible set of modules to automatically annotate the sequence features of contigs, providing more gene information than comparable tools. The outputs include readable and interactive genome maps, virome summary tables, and files that can be directly submitted to GenBank. We expect Cenote-Taker 2 to facilitate virus discovery, annotation, and expansion of the known virome.