bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing the Measurement of Collective Community Capacity and the Evaluation of Community Capacity‐Building Models
Authors: Hargreaves Margaret Barnwell , Coffee‐Borden Brandon , Verbitsky‐Savitz Natalya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough more communities, practitioners, and policymakers are recognizing the value of community capacity‐building initiatives, more valid, reliable, and pragmatic measures of collective community capacity are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of such efforts. Over the past 6 years, there has been significant work to advance the measurement and evaluation of collective community capacity‐building initiatives. Accomplishments include the design, testing, and implementation of the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Resilience Collective Community Capacity (ARC3) Survey; the adaptation of the ARC3 Survey for a broader range of community capacity‐building initiatives such as the Collective Community Capacity (C3) Survey; and testing of the C3 Survey in over thirty communities in the United States, Canada, and United Kingdom. These advances will produce more valid, reliable, and pragmatic measures and community capacity‐building models that will contribute to the theory and practice of community‐level change. This chapter highlights work completed over 6 years to develop and test a valid and reliable measure of collective community capacity.
Finding the Impact: Methods for Assessing the Contribution of Collective Impact to Systems and Population Change in a Multi‐Site Study
Authors: Stachowiak Sarah , Lynn Jewlya , Akey Terri 
Published: March 2020

AbstractJohn Kania and Mark Kramer put forward “Collective Impact” in 2011 as a framework for organizing multi‐sector collaborative efforts to achieve change at scale. The collective impact theory of change posits that by establishing and implementing its five conditions, groups can achieve meaningful systems changes to create long‐term gains in social and environmental conditions. While significant scale uptake has occurred, questions have remained about the degree to which collective impact, as an approach, actually works to achieve change at scale. In 2017, ORS Impact and Spark Policy Institute embarked on an evaluation effort to understand the degree to which the collective impact approach contributed to population‐level change across many sites. We sought to answer this question with as much rigor as possible, without attempting to simplify the complexity of the context, the variability of implementation of collective impact, or the many interim changes needed to see the impact at scale. This chapter shares the essential methods our research team used. We do not seek to share the findings; instead, we hope that others can learn from and use these methods to continue to strengthen the sector's understanding of when, how, and why different collaborative efforts work or do not. In addition to describing the key methods, the authors will reflect on considerations, lessons learned, and recommendations to other evaluators who might seek to answer similar questions or use similar tools and methods.
Shelf life estimation of Blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) with bacterial cellulose film coating from Komagataeibacter xylinus
Authors: Toscano Ávila Jonatan A. , Terán David A. , Debut Alexis , Vizuete Karla , Martínez Josefina , Cerda‐Mejía Liliana A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Castile blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) is an Andean crop with nutritional and antioxidant properties. The intake of this fruit potentiates the immune system and reduces the risk of developing degenerative and cardiovascular diseases. However, the Castile blackberry is one of the most perishable fruits due to its high respiration rate and the lack of protectant peel, making this fruit susceptible to microbial attack and rapid deterioration. The objective of this research was to estimate the shelf life of Castile blackberry (R. glaucus Benth) with bacterial cellulose coating from Komagataeibacter xylinus, in order to improve the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics. Blackberries with bacterial cellulose coating at 4°C have extended its shelf life to 9 days and preserved the initial characteristics of texture, color, smell, and taste.
A case of female adrenoleukodystrophy carrier with insidious neurogenic bladder
Authors: Obara Koji , Abe Erika , Shimozawa Nobuyuki , Toyoshima Itaru 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA 65‐year‐old woman with mutation of the ABCD1 gene for adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) was admitted to our hospital with a urinary tract infection. Abdominal computed tomography showed dilation of the urinary tract. Although she had noticed pollakisuria since her forties, she had not been followed up by any medical institutions until we diagnosed her as a female carrier with ALD. ALD is an X‐linked pattern of inheritance that typically affects males, but many female carriers actually present slowly progressive myelopathy and neuropathy. Therefore, it is important to identify female carriers with ALD and treat them at the earliest stage possible.
Novel tris(5‐aryl‐1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl)methanes and 2‐dichloromethyl‐5‐aryl‐2H‐tetrazoles and noncovalent interactions in their crystal structure
Authors: Mikolaichuk Olga V. , Protas Aleksandra V. , Popova Elena A. , Mikherdov Alexander S. , Kornyakov Ilya V. , Trifonov Rostislav E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA series of tris(5‐aryl‐1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl)methanes (3a‐3g) and 2‐dichloromethyl‐5‐aryl‐2H‐tetrazoles (4a‐4d) were synthesized by reaction of 5‐aryl‐NH‐tetrazoles with trichloromethane in strong aqueous basic condition. The compounds obtained were fully characterized by means of HRESI‐MS, 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopies, as well as by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (for 3a, 3b, 4d). Inspection of the X‐ray diffraction data and Hirshfeld surface analysis for tris(5‐aryl‐1H‐tetrazol‐1‐yl)methanes 3a,b and 2‐dichloromethyl‐5‐aryl‐2H‐tetrazole 4d showed the presence of noncovalent π‐hole•••lone pair and π‐hole•••π interactions involving electrophilic tetrazole carbon atom.
Diagnostic utility of clinical laboratory data determinations for patients with the severe COVID‐19
Authors: Gao Yong , Li Tuantuan , Han Mingfeng , Li Xiuyong , Wu Dong , Xu Yuanhong , Zhu Yulin , Liu Yan , Wang Xiaowu , Wang Linding 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe role of clinical laboratory data in the differential diagnosis of the severe forms of COVID‐19 has not been definitely established. The aim of this study was to look for the warning index in severe COVID‐19 patients. We investigated 43 adult patients with COVID‐19. The patients were classified into mild group (28 patients) and severe group (15 patients). A comparison of the hematological parameters between the mild and severe groups showed significant differences in interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), d‐dimer (d‐D), glucose, thrombin time, fibrinogen, and C‐reactive protein (P < .05). The optimal threshold and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) of IL‐6 were 24.3 and 0.795 µg/L, respectively, while those of d‐D were 0.28 and 0.750 µg/L, respectively. The area under the ROC curve of IL‐6 combined with d‐D was 0.840. The specificity of predicting the severity of COVID‐19 during IL‐6 and d‐D tandem testing was up to 93.3%, while the sensitivity of IL‐6 and d‐D by parallel test in the severe COVID‐19 was 96.4%. IL‐6 and d‐D were closely related to the occurrence of severe COVID‐19 in the adult patients, and their combined detection had the highest specificity and sensitivity for early prediction of the severity of COVID‐19 patients, which has important clinical value.
Magnetic molecularly imprinted specific solid‐phase extraction for determination of dihydroquercetin from Larix griffithiana using HPLC
Authors: Ma Xingbin , Zhang Xukun , Lin Hongling , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Rabah Tsdan , Liu Xiaoxi , Yu Zhichao , Yong Yanhong , Ju Xianghong , She Yongxin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe naturally occurring quercetin flavonoid, dihydroquercetin, is widely distributed in plant tissues and has a variety of biological activities. Herein, a magnetic molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction was tailor made for selective determination of dihydroquercetin in Larix griffithiana using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Amino‐functionalized core‐shell magnetic nanoparticles were prepared and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and infrared spectroscopy. The polymer had an average diameter of 250 ± 2.56 nm and exhibited good stability and adsorption for template molecule, which is enriched by hydrogen bonding interaction. Multiple factors for extraction, including loading, washing, elution solvents, and extraction time, were optimized. The limit of detection was 1.23 μg/g. The precision determined at various concentration of dihydroquercetin was less than 4% and the mean recovery was between 74.64 and 101.80%. It has therefore been shown that this protocol can be used as an alternative extraction to quantify dihydroquercetin in L. griffithiana and purify quercetin flavonoid from other complex matrices.
Role of Platelet‐Derived Growth Factor on the Fibrosis Process in Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Gu Jiying , Hu Wenjie , Liu Yang , Zhang Xuemei , Yuan Lin , Du Lianfang , Bai Min 
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the correlation between fibrosis and elastic values in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) by shear wave elastography and to evaluate the effect of platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) on the fibrosis process.MethodsSmall interfering RNA (siRNA)‐PDGF and normal BCPAP cell lines were injected subcutaneously into the backs of nude mice. The elastic values of all tumors were measured by shear wave elastography. The content of collagen fibers and the expression of PDGF and type IV collagen (COL4) were evaluated by Masson staining and western blotting.ResultsThere were 32 tumors in the control group and 30 tumors in the siRNA‐PDGF group. The tumors were divided into 4 subgroups based on maximum diameters of the tumors. The mean elastic values ± SD (Emean, 29.79 ± 11.04 kPa; Emin, 16.98 ± 7.51 kPa, Emax, 39.99 ± 15.30 kPa; and SD, 5.92 ± 2.00 kPa) in the siRNA‐PDGF group were lower than in the control group (Emean, 35.73 ± 18.49 kPa; Emin, 23.65 ± 14.92 kPa, Emax, 45.73 ± 22.88 kPa; and SD, 6.02 ± 3.38 kPa). The content of collagen fibers and the expression of platelet‐derived growth factor B (PDGFB) and COL4 proteins in the siRNA‐PDGF group were lower than in the control group (11.43% ± 6.99% and 19.80% ± 11.70%; P = .010; 0.14 ± 0.06 and 0.27 ± 0.10; P = .002; and 0.11 ± 0.06 and 0.15 ± 0.07; P = .101). The elastic values, collagen fiber content, and PDGFB and COL4 in the 4 subgroups gradually increased with the maximum diameter of tumors.ConclusionsThere was a positive correlation among PDGF, tumor stiffness, and fibrosis in the growth of PTC. Thus, PDGF might play an important role in the development of PTC.
Self‐Perceived Hearing Status Creates an Unrealized Barrier to Hearing Healthcare Utilization
Authors: Angara Prashant , Tsang Darren C. , Hoffer Michael E. , Snapp Hillary A. 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo examine sociodemographic and audiometric factors associated with hearing aid (HA) uptake in adults with hearing loss (HL), and to investigate the role of self‐perceived hearing status on pursuit of hearing treatment. The relationship between self‐perceived hearing status and HA adoption has not been reported in a nationally representative sample of United States (US) adults.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis of nationwide household health survey.MethodsAudiometric and questionnaire data from the 2005 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles were used to examine trends in untreated HL and HA adoption in US adults. Adjusted odds ratios for HA adoption were calculated for individuals with measured HL.ResultsOf 5230 respondents, 26.1% had measurable HL, of which only 16.0% correctly self‐identified their hearing status, and only 17.7% used an HA. Age, higher education, severe hearing impairments, and recent hearing evaluations, were positively associated with HA adoption.ConclusionHearing loss is a global public health concern placing significant economic burden on both the individual and society. Self‐reported hearing status is not a reliable indicator for HL, and measured HL is not correlated with increased rates of treatment. Recent hearing evaluation is positively associated with increased rates of treatment. Routine hearing assessment will help to better identify those with HL and improve access to hearing treatment.Level of EvidenceIII Laryngoscope, 131:E289–E295, 2021
Physical rehabilitation in patients with head and neck cancer: Impact on health‐related quality of life and suitability of a post‐treatment program
Authors: Sandmæl Jon Arne , Bye Asta , Solheim Tora S. , Balstad Trude R. , Thorsen Lene , Skovlund Eva , Kaasa Stein , Lund Jo‐Åsmund , Oldervoll Line 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivePhysical rehabilitation programs hold the potential to mitigate deterioration in health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with head and neck cancer. The objective was to assess development in relevant domains of HRQoL following a physical exercise and nutrition intervention administrated during or after treatment.MethodsIn a pilot study, 41 patients were randomized to resistance training and oral nutritional supplements during (EN‐DUR, n = 20) or after (EN‐AF, n = 21) radiotherapy. Global health status/QoL (GHS) and physical functioning (PF) were measured by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) quality of life questionnaire at baseline, week 6, and week 14. Differences between the groups were assessed by analysis of covariance. A difference of ≥10 points in GHS and PF was interpreted as clinically relevant.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were detected between the groups; however, clinically relevant changes and differences in GHS and PF were observed. From baseline to week 6, GHS decreased 9 points in the EN‐DUR group and 23 points in the EN‐AF group and PF decreased 13 points and 21 points, respectively. From week 6 to week 14, GHS increased 14 points in the EN‐DUR group and 26 points EN‐AF group and PF did not change (0 points) in the EN‐DUR group and increased 16 points in the EN‐AF group.ConclusionThe findings from the present pilot study are promising and indicate that a physical rehabilitation program may have a positive impact on HRQoL during treatment and enhance recovery after treatment. A definitive randomized trial is warranted.Level of Evidence1b—Individual randomized controlled trial.
Influence of T5 heat treatment on the microstructure and lubricated wear behavior of ternary ZnAl40Cu2 and quaternary ZnAl40Cu2Si2.5 alloys
Authors: Bican O. , Savaşkan T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA ternary ZnAl40Cu2 and a quaternary ZnAl40Cu2Si2.5 alloys were produced by permanent mold casting and subjected to T5 heat treatment at a temperature of 150 °C for 24 hours. The structural, mechanical and lubricated wear properties of these alloys were investigated in the as‐cast and heat‐treated conditions and the results were compared with those of SAE 65 (CuSn12) plain bearing bronze. Microstructure of the ternary alloy consisted of aluminum‐rich α, eutectoid conversion product of α+η and ϵ phase located in the interdendritic channels. In addition to these phases, silicon particles were observed in the microstructure of the quaternary alloy. T5 heat treatment caused a considerable amount of reduction in the hardness, tensile strength and wear resistance of ZnAl40‐based ternary and quaternary alloys, but improved their ductility and stability. These alloys in the as‐cast and heat‐treated conditions exhibited lower wear volume or higher wear resistance than SAE 65 bearing bronze. Among the experimental alloys, the optimum mechanical properties and wear performance were obtained from ZnAl40Cu2Si2.5 alloy in both as‐cast and heat‐treated conditions. Adhesion appeared to be the main wear mechanism for the ZnAl40‐based alloys, but abrasion dominated the wear of SAE 65 bronze.
Calculation of lockbolt joints in mechanical engineering
Authors: Schwarz M. , Glienke R. , Wegener F. , Blunk C. , Henkel K.‐M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLockbolts become increasingly important for modern mechanical engineering. The advantageous notch effect in consequence of a softer groove geometry, the larger stress cross section for the same nominal diameter and a lower scattering of preload results in the potential for increasing the load capacity of lockbolt systems in mechanical joints in comparison to conventional bolted joints. Consequently costs can be reduced with structural adjustments in mechanical engineering. These include the reduction of the required nominal diameter and consequently the reduction of component dimensions. Furthermore savings in manufacturing and assembly as well as cost reduction for maintenance are possible. For the calculation of lockbolt systems in mechanical joints the Technical Bulletin DVS‐EFB 3435–2 is available now for design and calculation engineers. The Technical Bulletin allows to calculate joints with lockbolt systems according to VDI 2230 – Part 1 [1, 2]. This paper presents joints with lockbolts in mechanical engineering. At first, the lockbolt technology and the assembly preload of the lockbolts will be introduced. After that the structural behavior of joints with lockbolts under static and alternating load will be presented. Finally, the modified calculation steps according to the VDI 2230 – Part 1 will be demonstrated [2].
Acute Pancreatitis: Exploring Nutrition Implications
Authors: Murphy Amy E. , Codner Panna A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractDiseases of the pancreas vary by type, etiology, pathophysiology, and outcomes. One of the principle therapeutic considerations in all types of pancreatic diseases is nutrition. This review will consider acute pancreatitis (AP). Choice of patient, type and composition of nutrition, and timing of initiation will be discussed as components for achieving the maximum benefits of nutrition therapy in AP. The paradigm of nutrition therapy in AP has shifted to early enteral and/or oral nutrition based on disease severity to help mitigate the underlying inflammatory cascade of events leading to AP, beginning with anatomic and functional intestinal changes. Additionally, newer research investigating the inflammatory changes that instigate, maintain, and propagate AP will be discussed in terms of the nutrition effects on systemic inflammation. Nutrition therapy can mitigate the inflammatory changes in the intestinal tract and help with intestinal motility, bacterial overgrowth and translocation. It can help maintain intestinal bacterial composition and abundance similar to predisease levels. This review will also discuss the changes in the intestinal microbiome and effects of probiotics in AP.
Reprocessing of high‐resolution seismic data for imaging of shallow groundwater resources in glacial deposits, SE Sweden
Authors: Sun Ruixue , Kaslilar Ayse , Juhlin Christopher 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTReprocessing of high‐resolution seismic reflection data over groundwater‐bearing glacial deposits near Heby, southeastern Sweden, improved the images of near‐surface structure at this site. Post‐stack time migration and pre‐stack depth migration were tested and compared to determine the improvements on imaging an undulating bedrock surface. The pre‐stack depth migration image displays better continuity of the dipping structures within the glacial sediments and provides a more detailed topography of the bedrock reflector. First‐arrival picks were used to define an initial model for input into tomographic inversion. The tomography result then formed the basis for building the migration velocity model. The final pre‐stack depth migration image shows a strong reflection at around 35 m elevation (about 9 m below the surface) that can be correlated to a thin (0.2 m) hard silt layer. The upper 20 m of overburden is interpreted to consist of clay, and the seismic images show weaker sub‐horizontal reflections within this unit, except for the strong silt reflection, consistent with our modelling results. Below 20 m, sand/gravel sediments are present and overlay the bedrock. Forward modelling based on the pre‐stack depth migration image and subsequent processing shows that pre‐stack depth migration provides a higher resolution image compared with post‐stack time migration. Our study shows that pre‐stack depth migration is preferable to post‐stack time migration even for the shallow near‐surface seismic data acquired at Heby, and that integrating tomography, migration, modelling and geological information provides a better understanding of the structure which these groundwater resources are contained in.
Evaluation of doped and undoped poly (o‐anisidine) as sensing materials for a sensor array for volatile organic compounds
Authors: Stewart Katherine M. E. , Scott Alison J. , Penlidis Alexander 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPoly (o‐anisidine) (PoANI) and PoANI doped with nickel oxide and zinc oxide were evaluated as sensing materials for four gas analytes (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and benzene). The sensing materials had high sensitivity (showing an affinity towards the target analytes even at low concentrations, in the range of 1‐5 ppm), but rather poor selectivity, especially when the gas analytes were in a mixture. To exploit the poor selectivity, the three sensing materials were combined into a sensor array using principal component analysis (PCA) as a sensing algorithm. It was found that using a sensor array, the four individual gases could be separated. However, when all four gases were present (in analyte mixtures), there was too much overlap in the responses to distinguish between individual gas analytes and their related mixtures.
Population screening for gestational hypertensive disorders using maternal, fetal and placental characteristics: A population‐based prospective cohort study
Authors: Erkamp Jan S. , Jaddoe Vincent W.V. , Duijts Liesbeth , Reiss Irwin K.M. , Mulders Annemarie G.M.G.J. , Steegers Eric A.P. , Gaillard Romy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine screening performance of maternal, fetal and placental characteristics for selecting pregnancies at risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia in a low‐risk multi‐ethnic population.MethodIn a prospective population‐based cohort among 7124 pregnant women, we collected maternal characteristics including body mass index, ethnicity, parity, smoking and blood pressure in early‐pregnancy. Fetal characteristics included second and third trimester estimated fetal weight and sex determined by ultrasound. Placental characteristics included first and second trimester placental growth factor concentrations and second and third trimester uterine artery resistance indices.ResultsMaternal characteristics provided the best screening result for gestational hypertension (area‐under‐the‐curve [AUC] 0.79 [95% Confidence interval {CI} 0.76‐0.81]) with 40% sensitivity at 90% specificity. For preeclampsia, the maternal characteristics model led to a screening performance of AUC 0.74 (95% CI 0.70‐0.78) with 33% sensitivity at 90% specificity. Addition of second and third trimester placental ultrasound characteristics only improved screening performance for preeclampsia (AUC 0.78 [95% CI 0.75‐0.82], with 48% sensitivity at 90% specificity).ConclusionRoutinely measured maternal characteristics, known at the start of pregnancy, can be used in screening for pregnancies at risk of gestational hypertension or preeclampsia within a low‐risk multi‐ethnic population. Addition of combined second and third trimester placental ultrasound characteristics only improved screening for preeclampsia.