bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathologic Features of Patients With Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surviving Without Recurrence More Than 10 Years After Primary Hepatic Resection
Authors: Yonemura Yusuke , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Tomiyama Takahiro , Iseda Norifumi , Morinaga Akinari , Yugawa Kyohei , Harada Noboru , Takeishi Kazuki , Toshima Takeo , Nagao Yoshihiro , Elshawy Mohamed , Ninomiya Mizuki , Iguchi Tomohiro , Itoh Shinji , Mimori Koshi , Mori Masaki 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
The aim of this study was to clarify the predictive factors of recurrence-free time more than 10 years after primary hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Summary of background data:
Surgical resection is a curative treatment for HCC patients with hepatic functional reserve; however, the high recurrence rate must be addressed.

Methods:
The study included 595 patients who had undergone curative resection for HCC. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with recurrence-free survival at more than 10 years.

Results:
Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor size ≤2 cm (P = 0.004), albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade 1 (P = 0.03), Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index ≤3.3 (P = 0.002), and histologic inflammation grade ≤1 (P = 0.03) were independent predictive factors for recurrence-free survival for more than 10 years. Predictive points were scored as follows: 2 points, tumor size ≤2 cm or FIB-4 index ≤3.3; and 1 point, ALBI grade 1 or histologic inflammation grade ≤1. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to their total points: group 1, 0 to 2 points (n = 317); group 2, 3 to 4 points (n = 239); and group 3, 5 to 6 points (n = 39). Recurrence-free survival rates among the 3 groups were significantly different (P &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Tumor size, ALBI, FIB-4 index, and histologic inflammation grade were independent predictive factors for recurrence-free survival longer than 10 years after curative hepatic resection for HCC.
The 14‐3‐3/SLP76 protein–protein interaction in T‐cell receptor signalling: a structural and biophysical characterization
Authors: Soini Lorenzo , Leysen Seppe , Davis Jeremy , Westwood Marta , Ottmann Christian 
Published: November 2020

The SH2 domain‐containing protein of 76 kDa, SLP76, is an important adaptor protein that coordinates a complex protein network downstream of T‐cell receptors (TCR), ultimately regulating the immune response. Upon phosphorylation on Ser376, SLP76 interacts with 14‐3‐3 adaptor proteins, which leads to its proteolytic degradation. This provides a negative feedback mechanism by which TCR signalling can be controlled. To gain insight into the 14‐3‐3/SLP76 protein–protein interaction (PPI), we have determined a high‐resolution crystal structure of a SLP76 synthetic peptide containing Ser376 with 14‐3‐3σ. We then characterized its binding to 14‐3‐3 proteins biophysically by means of fluorescence polarization and isothermal titration calorimetry. Furthermore, we generated two recombinant SLP76 protein constructs and characterized their binding to 14‐3‐3. Our work lays the foundation for drug design efforts aimed at targeting the 14‐3‐3/SLP76 interaction and, thereby, TCR signalling.
Plasma lipidomics of monozygotic twins discordant for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Penkert Horst , Lauber Chris , Gerl Mathias J. , Klose Christian , Damm Markus , Fitzner Dirk , Flierl‐Hecht Andrea , Kümpfel Tania , Kerschensteiner Martin , Hohlfeld Reinhard , Gerdes Lisa A. , Simons Mikael 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBlood biomarkers of multiple sclerosis (MS) can provide a better understanding of pathophysiology and enable disease monitoring. Here, we performed quantitative shotgun lipidomics on the plasma of a unique cohort of 73 monozygotic twins discordant for MS. We analyzed 243 lipid species, evaluated lipid features such as fatty acyl chain length and number of acyl chain double bonds, and detected phospholipids that were significantly altered in the plasma of co‐twins with MS compared to their non‐affected siblings. Strikingly, changes were most prominent in ether phosphatidylethanolamines and ether phosphatidylcholines, suggesting a role for altered lipid signaling in the disease.
Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theory of Narrow Band Gap Semiconductors Using a Screened Range‐Separated Hybrid Functional
Authors: Wing Dahvyd , Neaton Jeffrey B. , Kronik Leeor 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPredicting the band structure and optical absorption spectra of narrow band gap semiconductors is challenging for electronic structure methods. Here, it is shown shown that density functional theory can yield accurate band structures and time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) can yield accurate optical absorption spectra for these systems. This is achieved by using a screened range‐separated hybrid (SRSH) functional with a single empirical parameter, fit to reproduce the experimental band gap. By comparing TDDFT results based on the SRSH approach with those obtained based on the Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof functional it is shown that screened long‐range exact exchange improves the accuracy of the TDDFT spectra for these systems.
Generalized Solutions of Parrondo's Games
Authors: Koh Jin Ming , Cheong Kang Hao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn game theory, Parrondo's paradox describes the possibility of achieving winning outcomes by alternating between losing strategies. The framework had been conceptualized from a physical phenomenon termed flashing Brownian ratchets, but has since been useful in understanding a broad range of phenomena in the physical and life sciences, including the behavior of ecological systems and evolutionary trends. A minimal representation of the paradox is that of a pair of games played in random order; unfortunately, closed‐form solutions general in all parameters remain elusive. Here, we present explicit solutions for capital statistics and outcome conditions for a generalized game pair. The methodology is general and can be applied to the development of analytical methods across ratchet‐type models, and of Parrondo's paradox in general, which have wide‐ranging applications across physical and biological systems.
Phenotypic features in MECP2 duplication syndrome: Effects of age
Authors: Peters Sarika U. , Fu Cary , Marsh Eric D. , Benke Tim A. , Suter Bernard , Skinner Steve A. , Lieberman David N. , Standridge Shannon , Jones Mary , Beisang Arthur , Feyma Timothy , Heydeman Peter , Ryther Robin , Glaze Daniel G. , Percy Alan K. , Neul Jeffrey L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMECP2 Duplication syndrome (MDS) is a rare X‐linked genomic disorder that is caused by interstitial chromosomal duplications at Xq28 encompassing the MECP2 gene. Although phenotypic features in MDS have been described, there is a limited understanding of the range of severity of these features, and how they evolve with age.MethodsThe cross‐sectional results of N = 69 participants (ages 6 months‐33 years) enrolled in a natural history study of MDS are presented. Clinical severity was assessed using a clinician‐report measure as well as a parent‐report measure. Data was also gathered related to the top 3 concerns of parents as selected from the most salient symptoms related to MDS. The Child Health Questionnaire was also utilized to obtain parental reports of each child's quality of life to establish disease burden.ResultsThe results of linear regression from the clinician‐reported measure show that overall clinical severity scores, motor dysfunction, and functional skills are significantly worse with increasing age. Top concerns rated by parents included lack of effective communication, abnormal walking/balance issues, constipation, and seizures. Higher levels of clinical severity were also related to lower physical health quality of life scores as reported by parents.ConclusionsThe data suggest that increasing levels of clinical severity are noted with older age, and this is primarily attributable to motor dysfunction, and functional skills. The results provide an important foundation for creating an MDS‐specific severity scale highlighting the most important domains to target for treatment trials and will help clinicians and researchers define clinically meaningful changes.
Validation study of the modified HEART and HEAR scores in patients with chest pain who visit the emergency department
Authors: Otsuka Yohei , Takeda Satoshi 
Published: November 2020

AimTo validate the efficacy of the history, electrocardiogram, age, risk factors, and troponin (HEART) and history, electrocardiogram, age, and risk factors (HEAR) scores in a Japanese cohort.MethodsWe used the data of patients who visited our emergency department between 1 December, 2015 and 31 May, 2017. Patients aged ≥20 years who presented with non‐traumatic and undifferentiated chest pain were eligible for the study. On the basis of the total score, the patients were stratified as low risk (HEART and HEAR scores of 0–3), intermediate risk (HEART and HEAR scores of 4–6), and high risk (HEART score of 7–10 and HEAR score of 7–8). The major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) that occurred within 6 weeks were investigated, and the diagnostic value and efficiency of both scores were analyzed.ResultsIn total, 132 patients were included in the HEART score analysis and 220 patients in the HEAR score analysis. The incidence rates of MACEs in patients with low, intermediate, and high risks were 0%, 23.2%, and 63.6% in the HEART score analysis and 4.7%, 22.9%, and 62.5% in the HEAR score analysis (P < 0.001), respectively. The identification of MACEs in low‐risk patients had a negative predictive value in the HEART score (1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.90–1.00) and HEAR score (0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.89–0.99) analyses.ConclusionThe modified HEART and HEAR scores were effective in identifying patients with chest pain who are at low risk of MACEs at an emergency department in Japan.
A novel waterborne polyurethane coating modified by highly dispersed nano‐boron carbide particles
Authors: Sun Yingchun , Wu Yan , Yang Feng , Wu Xinyu , Ding Guanfen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this study, waterborne polyurethane (WPU) coatings were modified by adding various compositions of nano‐boron carbide (nano‐B4C) particles. In order to achieve proper dispersion of nano‐B4C in WPU and increasing chemical interactions between them, the nano‐B4C particles were treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polypropylene glycol (PPG). The modified surface and microstructure of nano‐B4C were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The deposition experiment was designed to evaluate the dispersion effect of nano‐B4C in PEG or PPG aqueous solution. The physical performance of nano‐B4C modified WPU coatings was measured following the national standards of paints and vanishes. The results revealed that the PEG6000 not only enhanced the interaction between nano‐B4C and WPU but also exhibited a remarkable ability to improve the physical performance of WPU coating. The coating with 15 wt% of nano‐B4C addition exhibited the best performance in terms of abrasion and hardness, which could be attributed to the best uniform dispersion of nano‐B4C particles in PEG6000 aqueous solution.
Investigation the correlation between chemical structure and swelling, thermal and flocculation properties of carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels
Authors: Erceg Tamara , Stupar Alena , Cvetinov Miroslav , Vasić Vesna , Ristić Ivan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHydrophilic polymer networks (hydrogels) based on sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) and polycarboxylic acids (oxalic, succinic, citric and adipic) as cross‐linking agents are synthesized by esterification reaction; one series of NaCMC hydrogels cross‐linked with citric acid is prepared with acrylamide and acrylic acid (Aam/Aac) copolymers using the design of semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPN), in order to increase their potential application for flocculation purposes. The Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of hydrogels confirms the esterification reaction between NaCMC and cross‐linking agents. Results of swelling measurements show that citric acid in the amount of 15 wt% gives the hydrogels with the best absorption capacity. The results of Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) show no significant difference in thermal properties of neat and semi‐interpenetrating NaCMC hydrogels. The amorphous nature of hydrogels is confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The results of flocculation study show that combination of NaCMC network and Aam/Aac copolymer with initial mass ratio of 10/90 creates a theoretical platform for the production of flocculant which could show high efficacy in purifying of water dominated by positively charged particles.
Influences of in‐stream habitat and upstream land‐use on site occupancy of the Kanawha darter (Etheostoma kanawhae): A narrowly distributed species from the New River (Upper Kanawha Basin)
Authors: Pugh M. Worth , Pandolfi Gary , Franklin Thomas , Gangloff Michael M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Freshwater communities are threatened by the conversion of natural landscapes for urban and agricultural purposes. Changes to land use may disrupt stream nutrient and geomorphological processes and reduce water quality, increase sedimentation, and decrease habitat heterogeneity eventually leading to species loss and decreases in ecosystem productivity. Endemic species are frequently at greater risk of habitat‐mediated fragmentation and extirpation due to their constrained distributions.
The Kanawha darter (Etheostoma kanawhae) is an understudied fish endemic to the New River Drainage in North Carolina and Virginia, USA. To investigate the potential effect(s) of land‐use change on Kanawha darters, naïve occupancy was modelled using instream habitat characteristics and upstream forest cover.
Generalized linear models revealed that instream habitat and forest cover are reliable predictors of Kanawha darter site occupancy. Specifically, models demonstrated that occupancy increased in reaches with reduced stream width, velocity, and bedrock substrate but higher concentrations of coarse woody material. Kanawha darter occupancy was also positively associated with the extent of forest cover in upstream catchments.
Although Kanawha darters are not currently considered imperilled, most populations occurred in isolated reaches separated by large sections of unoccupied habitat. Continuing ex‐urban development in riparian zones is likely to be the primary threat to Kanawha darters and other endemic species in this catchment. Resource managers and stakeholders should preserve forest cover in headwaters and occupied tributaries and protect or restore riparian zones along the main‐stem South and North Forks of the New River to preserve high‐quality habitat and enhance connectivity among isolated Kanawha darter populations.
As human populations in montane regions continue to grow, there is a need to understand how land‐use change affects endemic freshwater species. This study further supports the importance of retaining forest cover as an effective strategy for protecting and restoring populations of endemic fishes in high‐gradient streams.
Rocker jaw: Global context for a Polynesian characteristic
Authors: Scott George Richard , Stull Kyra E. , Sbei Andrea N. , McKinney Mason , Boling Scarlett R. , Irish Joel D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOur goal is to describe the global distribution of the “rocker jaw” variant in human populations. Rocker jaw refers to mandibles that lack the antegonial notch, making them unstable on a flat surface. Data were collected by C.G. Turner II on 9,207 individuals from Asia, Europe, the Pacific, and the Americas, and by J.D. Irish on 3,526 individuals from North and South Africa. With a focus on Polynesia, where the trait is most common, frequencies are presented for subdivisions of Oceania, Australasia, Eurasia, the Americas, and Africa. While the rocker jaw is a Polynesian characteristic, the trait is found throughout the world. Within major geographic regions, there are interesting contrasts, for example, (a) the similarity of Jomon and Ainu and their difference from modern Japanese; (b) Aleuts and Northwest Coast Indians are similar and both are distinct from the Inuit and other Native Americans; and (c) North and Sub‐Saharan Africans show a regional difference that parallels genetic and dental distinctions. Skeletons in South America that exhibit the rocker jaw have been interpreted as Polynesian voyagers who ventured to the west coast of South America. The rarity of rocker jaw in South American natives supports this view. The rocker jaw can be attributed to the unique basicranium morphology and large upper facial height of Polynesians, which highlights the integrated growth of a functional module (i.e., mastication) of the craniofacial complex. The unusually high frequency of the trait in Polynesians is a product of both function and founder effect/genetic drift.
The competitive loss‐averse newsvendor problem with quantity‐oriented reference point
Authors: Xie Kun , Guo Yongjiang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study a two‐newsvendor competition problem in which both newsvendors are loss‐averse and have adaptive quantity‐oriented reference points. Each newsvendor faces stochastic demand determined by some demand reallocation rule and aims to choose an optimal inventory level to maximize her expected utility. Since the demand reallocation rule indicates that one newsvendor's demand affects the inventory level of the other newsvendor, this problem can be formulated as a two‐person game. We prove that this competitive newsvendor problem exhibits a unique symmetric Nash equilibrium. We also show that the optimal inventory level decreases in the loss aversion degree and reference level, and increases in the competition intensity. Unlike conventional findings in the integrated risk‐neutral supply chain, we find that a low (high) reference level leads to inventory overstocking (understocking), which is illustrated jointly by the loss aversion degree, reference level, and competition intensity. Finally, we conduct numerical experiments to provide engineering confirmations of our theoretical findings and to generate additional insights.
City of Hamilton Signs Climate Change Emergency Declaration, Reduces Energy Consumption in Water System
Authors: Sucharda Peter , Gimson Mark 
Published: November 2020

Key TakeawaysThe City of Hamilton, Ont., signed a climate change emergency declaration, with the goal of net zero carbon emissions by 2050.As part this plan, Hamilton Water is seeking a more efficient water distribution system that reduces water loss and electricity consumption.A pilot project demonstrated that Hamilton could achieve significant energy savings and reduce water loss using anti‐stagnation valve technology in its pressure district zones.Hamilton aims to expand the installation of anti‐stagnation valves, which is estimated to result in substantial annual cost savings.
Examining the Proposed Lead and Copper Rule Trigger Level
Authors: Masters Sheldon V. , Bartrand Timothy A. , Seidel Chad J. 
Published: November 2020

Key TakeawaysDraft revisions to the US Environmental Protection Agency's Lead and Copper Rule propose creating a 10 μg/L trigger level of lead concentration in addition to the action level.Although the trigger level might help identify and improve systems operating with marginal corrosion control, it duplicates available regulatory options at the cost of adding a regulatory level.The trigger level could have the unintended consequence of reducing compliance data analysis by systems or regulators that elect to comply with the Lead and Copper Rule when following the minimum regulatory requirements.
Domain‐specific risk attitudes and aging—A systematic review
Authors: König Adriana N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRisk attitudes have a significant impact on human decision making. In contrast to the conventional assumption of stable, universal risk attitudes, previous research has found domain‐specific and age‐related differences in risk attitudes. For this reason, a systematic review including 19 studies was conducted to evaluate the relationship between self‐reported risk attitudes and aging in different domains of decision making. The results suggest a negative relationship between aging and self‐reported risk attitudes. Age‐related differences in risk attitudes also vary between different domains. Nine studies examined general risk attitudes, with eight finding a negative relationship with aging. Eight out of 11 studies found a negative relationship in the financial domain. All nine studies in the health domain identified a negative association as well. The seven studies included in the social domain showed mixed results. All six studies in the recreational domain identified a negative association. Four out of five studies in the ethical domain found a negative relationship. The three studies included in the driving and career domain also showed negative relationships between risk attitudes and aging. Potential policy implications are discussed.
Simultaneous determination of asarinin, β‐eudesmol, and wogonin in rats using ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetic studies following administration of standards and Gumiganghwal‐tang
Authors: Jeong Seung‐Hyun , Jang Ji‐Hun , Cho Hea‐Young , Lee Yong‐Bok 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAsarinin, β‐eudesmol, and wogonin have common antiangiogenic activities and have the potential for use in chemotherapy. Besides, they are multivalent substances that are combined in various herbal medicines. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for simultaneous analysis of asarinin, β‐eudesmol, and wogonin, which are representative pharmacological components of Asarum heterotropoides, Atractylodes lancea, and Scutellaria baicalensis, respectively, in rat biosamples using ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The three components were separated using 5 mm aqueous ammonium acetate containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as a mobile phase, equipped with a KINETEX core‐shell C18 column. The analysis was quantitated on a triple‐quadrupole mass‐spectrometer employing electrospray ionization, and operated in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. The chromatograms showed high resolution, sensitivity, and selectivity with no interference with plasma, urine, and feces constituents. The developed analytical method satisfied international guidance criteria and could be successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic (PK) studies evaluating oral bioavailability of asarinin, β‐eudesmol, and wogonin after oral and intravenous administration and their urinary and fecal excretion ratios after oral administration to rats. Furthermore, the analysis was extended to PK studies following oral administration of Gumiganghwal‐tang. This study was the first simultaneous analysis of the aforesaid three constituents in rat plasma, urine, and feces that also determined their PK parameters.