bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of insulin on readmission for heart failure following a hospitalization for acute heart failure
Authors: Bertomeu‐Gonzalez Vicente , Fácila Lorenzo , Palau Patricia , Miñana Gema , Núñez Gonzalo , de la Espriella Rafael , Santas Enrique , Núñez Eduardo , Bodí Vicent , Chorro Francisco Javier , Cordero Alberto , Sanchis Juan , Lupón Josep , Bayés‐Genís Antoni , Núñez Julio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimsType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is common in patients with heart failure (HF) and is related with worse outcomes. Insulin treatment is associated with sodium and water retention, weight gain, and hypoglycaemia—all pathophysiological mechanisms related to HF decompensation. This study aimed to evaluate the association between insulin treatment and the risk of 1 year readmission for HF in patients discharged for acute HF.Methods and resultsWe prospectively included 2895 consecutive patients discharged after an episode of acute HF in a single tertiary hospital. Multivariable Cox regression, adapted for competing events, was used to assess the association between insulin treatment and 1 year readmission for HF in patients discharged after acute HF. Participants' mean age was 73.4 ± 11.2 years, 50.8% were women, 44.7% had T2DM [including 527 (18.2%) on insulin therapy], and 52.7% had preserved ejection fraction. At 1 year follow‐up, 518 (17.9%) patients had died and 693 (23.9%) were readmitted for HF. The crude risk of readmission for HF was higher in patients on insulin, with no differences in 1 year mortality. After multivariable adjustment, patients on insulin were at significantly higher risk of 1 year readmission for HF than patients with diabetes who were not on insulin (hazard ratio 1.28; 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.59, P = 0.022) and patients without diabetes (hazard ratio 1.26; 95% confidence interval 1.02–1.55, P = 0.035).ConclusionFollowing acute HF, patients with T2DM on insulin therapy are at increased risk of readmission for HF. Further studies unravelling the mechanisms behind this association are warranted.
Smell and taste dissociations in the modulation of tonic pain perception induced by a capsaicin cream application
Authors: Cecchini Maria Paola , Riello Marianna , Sandri Angela , Zanini Alice , Fiorio Mirta , Tinazzi Michele 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPain is a subjective experience characterized by sensory (intensity) and emotional (unpleasantness) aspects. Although literature reports behavioural effects on pain due to smell and taste influence, to our knowledge the relationship between tonic pain induced by a capsaicin cream and these chemosensory systems has never been explored before. The aim of this study was to investigate the modulation of olfactory and gustatory substances having different valence on tonic pain perception mediated by a capsaicin cream application.MethodsSixty healthy volunteers were included in two separated experiments (N = 30 smell; N = 30 taste) and underwent different valence smell and taste stimulations, while receiving painful stimuli. Perception of pain intensity (the sensory component) and unpleasantness (the affective component) was measured with a numerical rating scale, both during the two aforementioned experiments.ResultsPain unpleasantness rating showed differences only in the smell experiment between the two odourous conditions. In particular, pleasant odour induced lower ratings of pain unpleasantness, while no significant results were found for intensity. Regarding taste, we could not observe significant effects nor for pain unpleasantness or intensity.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the potential role of pleasant odours in influencing the affective aspects of pain perception induced by this kind of tonic pain. Such evidence might provide new insight for using chemosensory substances as analgesics for modulating the cognitive aspects of neuropathic pain.SignificanceThis work shows the effect of smell on the emotional component of tonic pain, experimentally induced by capsaicin cream application. Previous literature investigated tonic pain in interaction with smell and/or taste stimuli, but mainly with physical methods such as temperature. Our findings add new information in this field, contributing to a deeper insight on the role of olfaction on this particular kind of tonic pain perception. This approach could open to new investigations aimed to consider odours for pain management.
Intra‐ and Inter‐molecular Sulf‐ hydryl Hydrogen Bonding: Facilitating Proton Transfer Events for Determination of pH in Sea Water
Authors: Sisodia Neel , Miranda Monica , McGuinness Kay L. , Wadhawan Jay D. , Lawrence Nathan S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis work presents the electrochemical response of a 2‐(methylthio)phenol glassy carbon based electrode for a promising voltammetric pH sensor in both buffered and low‐buffered solutions. Electropolymerization of the redox species was performed with the resulting polymer presenting a Nernstian response in buffered media, with a sensitivity of 51 mV/pH unit. The effectiveness of the sulfhydryl bond to facilitate proton transfer from the bulk solution to the phenol molecules has been confirmed, providing an accurate pH measurement of 8.28 in sea water media, compared to that measured with a calibrated glass pH probe of 8.30.
A spatial capture–recapture model with attractions between individuals
Authors: McLaughlin Paul , Bar Haim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOver the past two decades there have been many advancements in modeling capture–recapture (CR) data to account for emerging data collection technology and techniques. Spatial capture–recapture (SCR) models have been introduced to estimate population size and numerous other demographic parameters from spatially explicit CR data. Recently SCR models have also begun incorporating realistic animal movement to account for individual dispersion and attraction to resources. While some species of animals are known to exhibit attractive behavior, nearly all SCR models assume complete independence among individual's movement and capture probability. In this article, we introduce an SCR model which allows for attractions between individuals via their daily location. We demonstrate via a simulation study that accounting for the attractions specified by our model, when present, can improve population size estimation. In addition, we apply our model to an iconic SCR dataset to estimate the population size and attraction parameters of a Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) population.
Landslide‐dammed lake sediment volume calculation using waterborne ERT and SONAR profiling
Authors: Hartvich Filip , Tábořík Petr , Šobr Miroslav , Janský Bohumír , Kliment Zdeněk , Langhammer Jakub 
Published: August 2020

AbstractLake sediment volume calculation is a challenging task, namely in cases when detailed drilling is complicated, expensive, or impossible, information on the pre‐sedimentation surface unavailable, and record of siltation rate non‐existent or too short. This study shows how waterborne, non‐invasive geophysical survey, such as electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) can be very effective in acquiring the missing data, namely when combined with sound navigation ranging (SONAR) water depth measurements and supported by information from auxiliary sources. However, ERT surveying in water environment requires specific approaches, as we illustrate on the case of the Mladotice lake study. The lake was created after a landslide in May 1872, and since its formation, the depth has gradually decreased due to sedimentation. We have reconstructed the original surface, calculated the sediment volume, and compiled information on sedimentation to estimate its remaining life span. To achieve this, we measured nine waterborne ERT profiles across the lake. To reach the necessary depth, all ERT profiles were extended on land and crossed the lake using custom‐built flotation pads. ERT profiling was combined with SONAR depth measurements, historical bathymetric surveys, borehole core analysis, sediment flux measurements, volumetric calculations, and water conductivity probing. The study has achieved three main results. First, practical applicability and advantages of stationary waterborne ERT profiling in combination with bathymetric sounding were demonstrated. Second, the original lake volume and accumulated sediment was calculated. We estimate that the volume of lake sediment is 187 000 m3, two‐thirds of the original lake volume (over 275 000 m3). Finally, based on three volumetric data sets from 1972, 2003, and 2017, and recent monitoring of the sediment inflow, we propose scenarios of lake filling and its future development. Most interestingly, the sedimentation rate has decreased significantly in the last 20 years, suggesting that the lake may survive much longer than hitherto expected. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the Environmental Risk Assessment of Substances of Unknown or Variable Composition, Complex Reaction Products, or Biological Materials
Authors: Salvito Daniel , Fernandez Marc , Jenner Karen , Lyon Delina Y. , de Knecht Joop , Mayer Philipp , MacLeod Matthew , Eisenreich Karen , Leonards Pim , Cesnaitis Romanas , León-Paumen Miriam , Embry Michelle , Déglin Sandrine E. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, or biological materials (UVCBs) pose unique risk assessment challenges to regulators and to product registrants. These substances can contain many constituents, sometimes partially unknown and/or variable, depending on fluctuations in their source material and/or manufacturing process. International regulatory agencies have highlighted the difficulties in characterizing UVCBs and assessing their toxicity and environmental fate. Several industrial sectors have attempted to address these issues by developing frameworks and characterization methods. Based on the output of a 2016 workshop, this critical review examines current practices for UVCB risk assessment and reveals a need for a multipronged and transparent approach integrating whole-substance and constituent-based information. In silico tools or empirical measurements can provide information on discrete and/or blocks of UVCB constituents with similar hazard properties. Read-across and/or whole-substance toxicity and fate testing using adapted emerging methods can provide whole-substance information. Continued collaboration of stakeholders representing government, industry, and academia will facilitate the development of practical testing strategies and guidelines for addressing regulatory requirements for UVCBs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2097–2108. © 2020 Health and Environmental Sciences Institute. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
The Minimum Detectable Difference (MDD) Concept for Establishing Trust in Nonsignificant Results: A Critical Review
Authors: Mair Magdalena M. , Kattwinkel Mira , Jakoby Oliver , Hartig Florian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Current regulatory guidelines for pesticide risk assessment recommend that nonsignificant results should be complemented by the minimum detectable difference (MDD), a statistical indicator that is used to decide whether the experiment could have detected biologically relevant effects. We review the statistical theory of the MDD and perform simulations to understand its properties and error rates. Most importantly, we compare the skill of the MDD in distinguishing between true and false negatives (i.e., type II errors) with 2 alternatives: the minimum detectable effect (MDE), an indicator based on a post hoc power analysis common in medical studies; and confidence intervals (CIs). Our results demonstrate that MDD and MDE only differ in that the power of the MDD depends on the sample size. Moreover, although both MDD and MDE have some skill in distinguishing between false negatives and true absence of an effect, they do not perform as well as using CI upper bounds to establish trust in a nonsignificant result. The reason is that, unlike the CI, neither MDD nor MDE consider the estimated effect size in their calculation. We also show that MDD and MDE are no better than CIs in identifying larger effects among the false negatives. We conclude that, although MDDs are useful, CIs are preferable for deciding whether to treat a nonsignificant test result as a true negative, or for determining an upper bound for an unknown true effect. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2109–2123. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
In ecotoxicological risk assessment, the minimum detectable difference (MDD) is used as a secondary filter to check whether nonsignificant test results are based on sufficient power and should thus be trusted. In our review, we show that the MDD has some skill in distinguishing between true absence of effects and false negatives (type II errors), but that confidence intervals (CIs) clearly outperform MDDs in this task, and should thus be preferred. MDE = minimum detectable effect; pCI = proportional upper bound of the confidence interval; pMDD = proportional MDD; pMDE = proportional MDE.
The Spider Exposure Pathway and the Potential Risk to Arachnivorous Birds
Authors: Beaubien Gale B. , Olson Connor I. , Todd Andrew C. , Otter Ryan R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
There is growing concern over the health of North American birds, with evidence suggesting substantial population declines. Spiders are prominent dietary items for many bird species and mediate the transfer of contaminants to arachnivorous birds that consume them. Few studies have investigated the potential risk the spider exposure pathway poses to these birds because most studies have focused on piscivores. In the present study, we developed new chronic and acute As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Se, Zn, and MeHg spider-based avian wildlife values (SBAWVs) for multiple adult and nestling birds (primarily passerines) and then used the newly generated SBAWVs to characterize the risk to birds across 2 study areas: 1) 5 reaches in the southern Appalachian Mountains, an area with substantial mercury deposition but minimal anthropogenic impact, and 2) 4 reaches adjacent to the Emory River, an area impacted by the largest fly coal-ash spill in US history. We identified MeHg and Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn as contaminants of potential concern (COPC) at the Appalachian Mountain and Emory River study areas, respectively, based on dietary exposure of aquatic contaminants via riparian spiders. The identification of COPC at both study areas due to dietary spider exposure is notable not only because the spider exposure pathway has largely been uninvestigated at these sites but also because the aquatic systems in both areas have been studied extensively. Significant differences in MeHg concentrations were detected among spider taxa and suggest that the selection of spider taxa can impact risk characterization. These results indicate that the spider exposure pathway is important to consider when assessing potential risk, particularly for passerine birds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2314–2324. © 2020 SETAC
Abstract
The spider exposure pathway identified contaminants of potential concern (COPC) for adult and nestling birds. At sites where both tetragnathid and araneid spiders were collected and analyzed for MeHg, consistently higher tetragnathid concentrations impacted risk characterization.
Joint testing of donor and recipient genetic matching scores and recipient genotype has robust power for finding genes associated with transplant outcomes
Authors: Arthur Victoria L. , Guan Weihua , Loza Bao‐li , Keating Brendan , Chen Jinbo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGenetic matching between transplant donor and recipient pairs has traditionally focused on the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) regions of the genome, but recent studies suggest that matching for non‐HLA regions may be important as well. We assess four genetic matching scores for use in association analyses of transplant outcomes. These scores describe genetic ancestry distance using identity‐by‐state, or genetic incompatibility or mismatch of the two genomes and therefore may reflect different underlying biological mechanisms for donor and recipient genes to influence transplant outcomes. Our simulation studies show that jointly testing these scores with the recipient genotype is a powerful method for preliminary screening and discovery of transplant outcome related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gene regions. Following these joint tests with marginal testing of the recipient genotype and matching score separately can lead to further understanding of the biological mechanisms behind transplant outcomes. In addition, we present results of a liver transplant data analysis that shows joint testing can detect SNPs significantly associated with acute rejection in liver transplant.
Shock wave boundary layer interactions in hypersonic flows over a double wedge geometry by using conjugate heat transfer
Authors: Peetala Ravi K. , Kulkarni Vinayak , Sahoo Niranjan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractShock wave boundary layer interaction phenomena play a critical role in the design of supersonic and hypersonic vehicles. Consequently, this paper mainly focuses on hypersonic flow over a double wedge model, flow fields around concave corners are relatively complicated, and produce several classical viscous flow features depending on the combination of the first and second wedge, and the important characteristic phenomena are mainly the shock‐boundary layer and shock‐shock interaction. For these interactions, aerodynamic heating and pressure loads increase greatly when interactions are present. The conjugate heat transfer (CHT) technique is expected to exactly predict the separation bubble length, heat flux, skin friction coefficient, and pressure distributions in double wedge studies in hypersonic applications. In the present CHT studies, the different wall materials used are thermal insulation, Macor, and SiC, it is clearly shown that while using Macor and thermal insulctation wall material in CHT studies, the interface temperature, skin friction coefficient, heat flux distribution along the length change significantly with increase in simulation time. In comparing the CHT results with the fluid flow solver with the wall, considering isothermal and adiabatic boundary results, it is clearly indicated that the fluid flow solver results are either underpredicting or overpredicting the interface properties, but CHT studies give an accurate prediction of the separation length and interface properties.
Financial development and trade in services: Perspective from emerging markets of Asia, South and Central America and Africa
Authors: Jiang Yushi , Khan Muhammad Irfan , Zaman Syed Imran , Iqbal Athar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study empirically identifies the impact of financial development, particularly exports, on trade in services. Three proxies used for measuring financial development are financial systems deposits, liquid liabilities, and private credit. After conducting statistical tests and robustness checks, we show that financial development has a positive impact on trade in services in Central and South America, but does not have a significant impact in Asia and Africa. All three proxies used for assessing financial development are found to be insignificant in Asia and Africa.
The value relevance of Other Comprehensive Income: Extensive evidence from Europe
Authors: Harasheh Murad , Doni Federica , Franceschelli Maria Vittoria , Amaduzzi Andrea 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the value relevance of the Other Comprehensive Income (OCI). Limited literature has focused on the relevance on equity price and return. We go further by including the usefulness of OCI volatility on equity total risk which contributes to the inconclusive debate on how markets perceive different pieces of accounting information. After the adoption of the IAS (1), companies must disclose information about OCI, which shifts the focus from net income to comprehensive income. It shows the return that a company has made on its economic resources, determining a potential support for improving investors' decision‐making process. Contrarily, some studies demonstrated that comprehensive income is not a true performance indicator because it includes nonrecurring items (i.e., unrealized gains and losses related to the change in the fair market value of available‐for‐sales securities). To test the relevance aspects of the OCI, we focus on the European context, and in particular on the analysis of the super sector leaders in Europe, the companies of the STOXX 50 index over the period from 2010 to 2016. We find a weak negative association between OCI and equity price, and it is a firm specific effect. Similar weak mixed relationships with equity return is found and in particular it is a year‐specific effect. In addition, our findings reveal that the volatility of OCI is positively related to equity total risk. Compared to U.S and other international contexts, the findings provide novel insights at the European Union level about the inconsistent valuation usefulness of OCI.
Enhanced cell affinity and osteogenic differentiation of liquid crystal‐based substrate via surface bio‐functionalization
Authors: Yang Shenyu , Huang Yiping , Jian Peishan , Xie Zheng , Wu Youheng , Li Haoying , Zeng Rong , SiTU Fangmin , Tu Mei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRegulation of cell‐substrate interactions is an important factor for modulating cell behaviors. Tailoring the physical and chemical properties of the substrates to better mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of native tissue is a more effective strategy for enhancing the cell‐substrate contact. In current work, we aim at improving surface bioactivity based on the liquid crystalline substrates for the enhancement in cell affinity and osteogenic differentiation. Polydopamine (PDOPA) adhesive coating was used as a reactive platform for the immobilization of chitooligosaccharide (COS) on the octyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ester (OPC) substrate to generate active OPC‐PDOPA‐COSs liquid crystalline substrates. Results demonstrated that PDOPA‐coated OPC surfaces showed remarkably improved hydrophility and increased elastic modulus, leading to better initial cell attachment. Subsequent COS immobilization on the OPC‐PDOPA layer could induce promotion of cell proliferation, polarization and cytoskeleton formation. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) seeded on the OPC‐PDOPA‐COSs showed higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition, and up‐regulated bone‐related genes expression, including BMP‐2, RUNx‐2, COL‐I and OCN. In conclusion, surface biofunctionalization on the OPC‐based liquid crystalline substrates could come into being the appropriate combination of surface chemistry and liquid crystalline characteristic that simulating in vivo ECM environment, resulting in a favorable support to enhance positive cell‐substrate interactions.