bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical analysis and treatment strategy of endovascular treatment for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis combined with intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Guo Xin-bin , Liu Shuo , Guan Sheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) combined with intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) is a special subgroup, and whether intrasinus thrombolysis (IST) or mechanical thrombectomy (MT) therapy should be carried out is controversial because of previous hemorrhage and possible delayed hemorrhage.The aim of this study was to analyze the safety and effectiveness of endovascular treatment of CVST with ICH and further discuss the treatment strategy. This is a retrospective study of 56 cases admitted from January 2010 to June 2019 diagnosed with CVST combined with ICH, and all were treated with endovascular treatment including IST with or without MT. We reviewed the clinical, radiological, and outcome data of all patients. The percentage of cases that showed complete and partial recanalization were 67.8% and 26.9% after endovascular treatment. ICH exacerbation occurred in 5 cases during thrombolysis. The percentage of cases with good outcome was 87.5% at discharge. 51 cases were followed up at sixth month. 49 cases had a mRS score of 0–2,and 2 cases had a mRS score of 3–4 at sixth month.Our data suggest that endovascular treatment may improve clinical and radiological outcome in most patients of CVST with ICH, but confirmation in prospective, controlled studies is warranted.
Preparation of glass-ionomer cement containing ethanolic Brazilian pepper extract (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) fruits: chemical and biological assays
Authors: Pinto Isabelle C. , Seibert Janaína B. , Pinto Luciano S. , Santos Vagner R. , de Sousa Rafaela F. , Sousa Lucas R. D. , Amparo Tatiane R. , dos Santos Viviane M. R. , do Nascimento Andrea M. , de Souza Gustavo Henrique Bianco , Vasconcellos Walisson A. , Vieira Paula M. A. , Andrade Ângela L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPlants may contain beneficial or potentially dangerous substances to humans. This study aimed to prepare and evaluate a new drug delivery system based on a glass-ionomer-Brazilian pepper extract composite, to check for its activity against pathogenic microorganisms of the oral cavity, along with its in vitro biocompatibility. The ethanolic Brazilian pepper extract (BPE), the glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and the composite GIC-BPE were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and thermal analysis. The BPE compounds were identified by UPLC–QTOF–MS/MS. The release profile of flavonoids and the mechanical properties of the GIC-BPE composite were assessed. The flavonoids were released through a linear mechanism governing the diffusion for the first 48 h, as evidenced by the Mt/M∞ relatively to $$\sqrt t$$

t

, at a diffusion coefficient of 1.406 × 10–6 cm2 s−1. The ATR-FTIR analysis indicated that a chemical bond between the GIC and BPE components may have occurred, but the compressive strength of GIC-BPE does not differ significantly from that of this glass-ionomer. The GIC-BPE sample revealed an ample bacterial activity at non-cytotoxic concentrations for the human fibroblast MRC-5 cells. These results suggest that the prepared composite may represent an alternative agent for endodontic treatment.
Transvaginal hybrid-NOTES vs. traditional laparoscopic sigmoid resection for diverticulitis: a short-term comparative study
Authors: Derstadt Marie , Thomaidis Panagiotis , Seefeldt Claudia S. , Lange Jonas , Meyer Jurgen , Ströhlein Michael A. , Heiss Markus M. , Bulian Dirk R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim was to compare short-term results of transvaginal hybrid-NOTES (NSR) with traditional laparoscopic technique in sigmoid resection (LSR) in cases of diverticulitis. Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery has been evolved as a minimally invasive procedure to reduce the operative trauma due to the absence of specimen extraction through the abdominal wall causing less postoperative pain, and shorter hospital stay. Despite the increasing use and published case series of NSR for diverticulitis as a laparoscopic procedure with transvaginal stapling and specimen extraction, there are no studies comparing this procedure with LSR. Twenty NSR patients operated at the Cologne-Merheim Medical Center have been documented and compared with 20 female LSR patients matched for body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists-classification (ASA), Hansen/Stock classification, and age. To ensure comparability regarding peri- and postoperative care, only procedures performed by the same surgeon were included. Procedural time, intra- and postoperative complications, conversion rate, postoperative pain, the duration of an epidural catheter, analgesic consumption, and postoperative length of hospital stay were analyzed. There were no significant differences in the sum of pain levels (p = 0.930), length of procedure (p = 0.079), intra- and postoperative complications, as well as duration of an epidural catheter. On the contrary, there were significant positive effects for NSR on morphine requirement at day seven and eight (p = 0.019 and p = 0.035 respectively) as well as the postoperative length of hospital stay (p = 0.031). This retrospective study reveals significant positive effects for NSR compared to LSR regarding length of hospital stay as well as morphine consumption after removal of the epidural catheter, whereas there were no significant differences in complication rate and procedural time. In summary, NSR is an adequate alternative to traditional laparoscopic sigmoid resection considering the surgeons experience and the patient’s personal preferences.
Gas phase Elemental abundances in Molecular cloudS (GEMS)
Authors: Bulut N. , Roncero O. , Aguado A. , Loison J.-C. , Navarro-Almaida D. , Wakelam V. , Fuente A. , Roueff E. , Le Gal R. , Caselli P. , Gerin M. , Hickson K. M. , Spezzano S. , Riviére-Marichalar P. , Alonso-Albi T. , Bachiller R. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Kramer C. , Tercero B. , Rodriguez-Baras M. , García-Burillo S. , Goicoechea J. R. , Treviño-Morales S. P. , Esplugues G. , Cazaux S. , Commercon B. , Laas J. , Kirk J. , Lattanzi V. , Martín-Doménech R. , Muñoz-Caro G. , Pineda J. , Ward-Thompson D. , Tafalla M. , Marcelino N. , Malinen J. , Friesen R. , Giuliano B. M. , Agúndez M. , Hacar A. 
Published: December 2020

Context. Carbon monosulphide (CS) is among the most abundant gas-phase S-bearing molecules in cold dark molecular clouds. It is easily observable with several transitions in the millimeter wavelength range, and has been widely used as a tracer of the gas density in the interstellar medium in our Galaxy and external galaxies. However, chemical models fail to account for the observed CS abundances when assuming the cosmic value for the elemental abundance of sulfur.
Aims. The CS+O → CO + S reaction has been proposed as a relevant CS destruction mechanism at low temperatures, and could explain the discrepancy between models and observations. Its reaction rate has been experimentally measured at temperatures of 150−400 K, but the extrapolation to lower temperatures is doubtful. Our goal is to calculate the CS+O reaction rate at temperatures <150 K which are prevailing in the interstellar medium.
Methods. We performed ab initio calculations to obtain the three lowest potential energy surfaces (PES) of the CS+O system. These PESs are used to study the reaction dynamics, using several methods (classical, quantum, and semiclassical) to eventually calculate the CS + O thermal reaction rates. In order to check the accuracy of our calculations, we compare the results of our theoretical calculations for T ~ 150−400 K with those obtained in the laboratory.
Results. Our detailed theoretical study on the CS+O reaction, which is in agreement with the experimental data obtained at 150–400 K, demonstrates the reliability of our approach. After a careful analysis at lower temperatures, we find that the rate constant at 10 K is negligible, below 10−15 cm3 s−1, which is consistent with the extrapolation of experimental data using the Arrhenius expression.
Conclusions. We use the updated chemical network to model the sulfur chemistry in Taurus Molecular Cloud 1 (TMC 1) based on molecular abundances determined from Gas phase Elemental abundances in Molecular CloudS (GEMS) project observations. In our model, we take into account the expected decrease of the cosmic ray ionization rate, ζH2, along the cloud. The abundance of CS is still overestimated when assuming the cosmic value for the sulfur abundance.
A Novel Maneuver to Treat Refractory Atelectasis in Mechanically Ventilated Children
Authors: Martinez Herrada Alejandro J. , Wien Michael A. , Shein Steven L. , Maher John K. , Zee-Cheng Janine E. , Rotta Alexandre T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe developed a novel airway clearance and lung recruitment maneuver for children with refractory unilateral atelectasis undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. In this retrospective, single-center, proof of concept study, we describe the steps involved in this novel maneuver and evaluate its effectiveness in 15 patients through objective quantitation of changes in respiratory system compliance and in the degree of atelectasis assessed by a validated Modified Radiology Atelectasis Score. Compared with the premaneuver baseline, the median atelectasis score improved significantly following the maneuver (9 [7.5–10] vs. 1 [0–3.3], respectively, p < 0.01). Likewise, dynamic compliance was significantly higher following the maneuver (0.3 [0.32–0.44] vs. 0.61 [0.53–0.69] mL/kg/cm H2O, respectively, p < 0.01). No patients required a bronchoscopy. This simple and effective maneuver resulted in a significant improvement in the degree of atelectasis and dynamic compliance in this cohort of mechanically ventilated children with refractory unilateral atelectasis.
Buddleja madagascariensis (smokebush).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

B. madagascariensis is a shrub native to Madagascar that has been introduced outside its native range as an ornamental and hedge plant (USDA-ARS, 2016). This species has escaped from cultivation and once naturalized it behaves as an aggressive invader principally in ruderal and heavily disturbed areas (Starr et al., 2003; GISD, 2016). Its rapid growth enables it to form dense impenetrable thickets that outcompete and displace native vegetation. In addition to its aggressive growth, this species produces fleshy fruits with numerous seeds that can be easily dispersed by birds and other animals. While seeds are not produced in some areas, the ability of this species to regenerate from stem fragments allows dispersal to distant locations as stem fragments can be carried by animals (i.e., birds and livestock), humans, vehicles, and waterways (Starr et al., 2003; Norman, 2012; GISD, 2016; Weeds of Australia, 2016). Currently it has been listed as invasive in Bermuda, South Africa, St Helena, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Hawaii and Australia (MacKee, 1994; Wagner et al., 1999; Kairo et al., 2003; Henderson, 2007; GISD, 2016; PIER, 2016; Weeds of Australia, 2016).
Preparation, characterization and optimization of superhydrophobic PVDF-PVC composite membrane based on concentration change of casting solution
Authors: Zhang Dashuai , Lin Xiaoxue , Zhang Yan , Zhang Xiaopeng , Li Chen , Lin Yang , Sun Tianyi , Zhu Linhua , Lin Qiang , Shi Zaifeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The PVDF/PVC superhydrophobic composite membrane was prepared by non-solvent induced phase separation method. When the concentration of PVDF/PVC(= 85/15) is 4%, DMF can be used as a solvent to prepare PVDF/PVC superhydrophobic composite membrane by using the simple and applicable NIPS method. Through static contact angle and rolling angle, it was found that the maximum contact angle of PVDF/PVC composite membrane with low concentration can reach 152°, rolling angle is 3 degrees, and the surface potential energy is also relatively low about 8°. It was found by DSC that the crystallinity of PVDF/PVC composite membrane with low concentration was higher, SEM shows that the surface of 4% PVDF/PVC composite membrane has nano scale protrusion, and AMF finds that the surface of 4% PVDF/PVC composite membrane was high Surface roughness. When the surface roughness was high, the surface hydrophobicity is improved, the wetting problem was alleviated, the self-cleaning ability of the membrane is improved, and the membrane pollution is reduced. It was found that the 4% PVDF/PVC composite membrane prepared by low concentration method has a long-lasting self-cleaning performance and can be used as an organic coating in the field of self-cleaning.
Working for the Clampdown: State Repression and Confidence in Legal Authorities in Comparative Context
Authors: Davis Andrew P 
Published: December 2020

AbstractScholars have focussed on the national level factors affecting citizen perceptions of legal institutions, which vary a great deal across the world. Scepticism towards legal structures often arises as a result of corrupt or abusive practices on the part of legal actors that may poison relations between citizens and law enforcement. Empirical research on the cross-national determinant of confidence in the police have shown corruption to be an essential factor in predicting lower levels of confidence in the police. Yet, a focus on corruption oftentimes emphasizes the quality of governance and neglects abusive actions taken by officials that can undermine public trust. This article focusses on those abusive practices by examining the relationship between human rights and individual reports of confidence in legal authorities. Using a pooled sample across multiple waves of the World Values Survey and multilevel models, I test the extent to which protections from human rights abuses and perceptions of strong human rights practices are related to higher levels of confidence in legal authorities. Findings from the statistical analysis offer strong support for my theorized expectations.
Association of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) Serum Serotype-Specific Anticapsular Immunoglobulin G Concentration and Risk Reduction for Invasive GBS Disease in South African Infants: An Observational Birth-Cohort, Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Madhi Shabir A , Izu Alane , Kwatra Gaurav , Jones Stephanie , Dangor Ziyaad , Wadula Jeanette , Moultrie Andrew , Adam Yasmin , Pu Wenji , Henry Ouzama , Briner Carmen , Cutland Clare L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Licensure of a group B Streptococcus (GBS) polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine for protecting infants against invasive GBS disease (IGbsD) will likely need to be based on demonstrating vaccine safety in pregnant women, and benchmarking immunogenicity against a serological threshold associated with risk reduction of IGbsD. We investigated the association between naturally derived GBS serotype Ia and III IgG and risk reduction of IGbsD in infants ≤90 days of age.

Methods
In a matched case-control study, IGbsD cases were identified from a cohort of 38 233 mother-newborn dyads. Mothers colonized vaginally with serotype Ia or III at birth and their healthy infants were eligible as matched controls. GBS serotype-specific anticapsular immunoglobulin G (IgG) was measured on maternal and cord blood/infant sera by multiplex Luminex assay, and the IgG threshold associated with 90% risk reduction of IGbsD was derived by estimating absolute disease risk.

Results
In infants born at ≥34 weeks’ gestational age, cord-blood IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) were lower in cases than controls for serotypes Ia (0.05 vs 0.50 µg/mL; P = .004) and III (0.20 vs 0.38 µg/mL; P = .078). Cord-blood IgG concentrations ≥1.04 and ≥1.53 µg/mL were associated with 90% risk reduction of serotype Ia and III IGbsD, respectively. The maternal sera IgG threshold associated with 90% risk reduction was ≥2.31 µg/mL and ≥3.41 µg/mL for serotypes Ia and III, respectively.

Conclusions
The threshold associated with a reduced risk for serotype Ia and III IGbsD identified on infant sera supports the case for licensure of a GBS polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine based on an immunogenicity evaluation benchmarked against the defined thresholds.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02215226.
Poor Baseline Health of IBD Patients at Presentation to a Surgeon: Results From a Patient-Reported Outcomes Database
Authors: Sacks Olivia A , Goldwag Jenaya L , Eid Mark A , Shaw Robert D , Williams Trenika J , Ivatury Srinivas J 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are referred to surgeons when medical treatments are ineffective, signifying poor disease control. We aimed to assess the association of IBD diagnosis with physical and mental health upon presentation to a colorectal surgeon.MethodsWe included all new patients presenting to colorectal surgery clinic over 1.5 years. During registration, patients completed the PROMIS Global-10, a validated outcome measure assessing physical and mental health. We grouped patients by diagnosis: IBD, anorectal, benign colorectal, and malignancy. Details on IBD patients were obtained via chart review. We evaluated the interaction between PROMIS scores and diagnosis through ANOVA analysis and post hoc Tukey–Kramer pairwise comparison. We estimated the strength of association of age, sex, and visit diagnosis with poor physical and mental health (PROMIS: −1 SD) through logistic regression.ResultsEight hundred ninety-seven patients were included. The cohort was as follows: IBD (99) (Crohn = 73; ulcerative colitis = 26), anorectal (378), benign colorectal (224), and malignancy (196). The mean age of patients was 56 (±17) years. Fifty-seven percent were female. The IBD group was youngest (P &lt; 0.001). IBD had significantly lower PROMIS scores on pairwise comparison; anorectal had the highest scores. Controlling for age and sex, the IBD group had 4.1× odds of poor physical health (95% confidence interval 2.46–6.76) and 2.9× odds of poor mental health (95% confidence interval 1.66–5.00).ConclusionsPatients with IBD, specifically Crohn disease, have worse physical and mental health on presentation to a colorectal surgeon compared to patients presenting with other colorectal diagnoses. These patients considering surgery might benefit from added support during the perioperative period.
248 Association between abnormal blood pressure response to exercise and incident cardiovascular events
Authors: Bellomo Francesca , Campisi Mariapaola , Lantone Giuseppe , Mazzone Paolo , Firetto Giorgio , Ciccarelli Iacopo , Casale Matteo , Di Lorenzo Anna , Sarullo Filippo Maria , Migliorato Alessandro , Giallauria Francesco , De Gregorio Cesare 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this multicentre registry was to verify the association between an exaggerated blood pressure response (EBPR) to exercise stress test (EST) and evidence of previous myocardial and/or brain ischaemic events in the general population.

Methods and results
All subjects who underwent EST for screening of ischaemic heart disease and/or follow-up and re-evaluation of heart disease were included in the registry. Patients who discontinued EST due to early muscle exhaustion, younger individuals (&lt;18 years), patients with potentially dangerous channelopathies or ventricular arrhythmias, as well as those with disabling chronic diseases or experiencing cardiovascular events in the 3 months prior to TE. Everyone performed EST on a treadmill or cycle ergometer using similar protocols in the various centres. Based on some study in the literature, we identified the EBPR to exercise for a systolic BP rise &gt;60 mmHg (men) or &gt; 50 mmHg (women) compared to pre-exercise baseline measurement, but also an absolute value &gt;210 or &gt; 190 mmHg, respectively. Retrospectively, we verified the presence of non-disabling ischaemic cardiac and cerebrovascular events over the past 10 years. Five hundred and three subjects of mean age 61 ± 11 years were included in the registry. EST was performed on a treadmill in 65% of subjects and maximal workload was achieved by 75% of them. Subjects with EBPR were 170 (34%) vs. 333 (66%) who had normal response (controls). EBPR group included most male subjects, often overweight and with a higher prevalence of diabetes (31% vs. 20% in the control group, P &lt; 0.01), and with already diagnosed arterial hypertension in a half of cases. Previous ischaemic myocardial events were found in 35% of EBPR subjects vs. 36% of controls (P = NS), while cerebrovascular disease in 20% vs. 10%, respectively (P &lt; 0.005).

Conclusion
Albeit retrospectively performed, this multicentre registry highlighted an association between EBPR to exercise (present in more than one-third of the subjects examined, especially males) and history of cerebrovascular ischaemic events within 10 years prior to enrolment. In line with previous studies, present data confirmed a clinical impact of EBPR on exercise. However, the precise pathophysiological mechanism(s) need to be clarified yet, also in terms of therapies against such exaggerated functional response and its possible prognostic impact over time.
138 Pulmonary valve preservation and transannular patch techniques in children with repaired tetralogy of Fallot; echocardiographic comparison
Authors: Avesani Martina , Guariento Alvise , Schiena Chiara Anna , Reffo Elena , Castaldi Biagio , Padalino Massimo , Vida Vladimiro , Di Salvo Giovanni 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Aims
To investigate pulmonary valve (PV) and right ventricular function by echocardiography in paediatric patients with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF), comparing PV preservation surgical strategies to standard transannular patch (TAP) repair.

Methods and results
All patients undergoing transatrial-transpulmonary repair for ToF at our institution between January 2007 and May 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into 2 groups, according to the different techniques used (PV preservation strategy vs TAP repair). All patients underwent standard echo-Doppler study including RV areas, fractional area change (FAC) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE); Pulmonary regurgitation (PR) was assessed by Color Doppler, continuous-wave (CW) Doppler, pressure half time (PHT) and PR index. By speckle tracking we measured also, in a subgroup of patients, right atrial strain (RAS), RV and left ventricle (LV) global longitudinal strain (RVGLS, LVGLS) and their time to peak (TTP) values.
Eighty-two patients underwent a PV preservation strategy while 34 underwent a standard TAP repair. Five-year actuarial freedom from moderate/severe PV regurgitation was significantly higher in the PV preservation group compared to the TAP (61.3% [95% CI: 48-73%] vs 25.9% [95% CI: 12-43%], respectively; p = 0.02). After adjusting for age, gender, BSA, and type of PV, the use of a TAP was still significantly associated with an increased risk for PV regurgitation at Follow-up (HR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.09, 3.15; p = 0.02). At a mean follow-up of 6.9 ± 0.3 years, patients undergoing PV preservation showed an increased right ventricular fractional area change (46.9 ± 0.8% vs 42.5 ± 1.7%, P &lt; 0.001) and (TAPSE) z-score (-3.36 ± 0.3% vs -4.7 ± 0.4%, P = 0.005), while maintaining better PV competence in terms of pulmonary regurgitation index (87.9 ± 1.2% vs 82.7 ± 2.4%, P = 0.02). At speckle tracking subanalysis, patients undergoing PV preservation (n = 23), compared to the TAP group (n = 13) showed also higher values of RAS (37.5 ± 6.0% vs 29.3 ± 8.2%, P &lt; 0.006), shorter right TTP (319 ± 39ms vs 357.5 ± 45.2 ms, P &lt; 0.01) and higher values of LVGLS (-20,6 ± 4,2% vs -17.5 ± 3.0, P &lt; 0.03).

Conclusion
Surgical repair of ToF with PV preservation provides excellent outcomes in terms of PV competence and right ventricular function and should be advocated whenever possible.