bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship of counterfactual reasoning and false belief understanding: the role of prediction and explanation tasks
Authors: Contreras Antonio , García-Madruga Juan Antonio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe relation between the prediction and explanation of the false belief task (FBT) with counterfactual reasoning (CFR) was explored. Fifty eight 3-5 year-olds received a prediction or an explanation FBT, a belief attribution task and some counterfactual questions of increasing difficulty. Linguistic comprehension was also controlled. CFR highly predicted FBT in the explanation version but not in the prediction one. Additionally, results in the explanation version indicate that CFR underlies achievements prior to the understanding of the representational mind and stimulates the explicitness of the mental domain. This study identifies the conditions under which CFR becomes a fundamental cognitive tool for social cognition. The results obtained contribute to the dialog between the two major theoretical approaches: theory-theory and simulation theory.
Discrimination of Uncategorized-Categorized and Uncategorized-Uncategorized Greek consonantal contrasts by Russian speakers
Authors: Georgiou Georgios P. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the discriminability of two different assimilation types, the Uncategorized-Categorized (UC) and the Uncategorized-Uncategorized assimilation (UU) (Best and Tyler, 2007), as reflected in the discrimination accuracy and reaction times towards non-native contrasts by Russian speakers. The discriminability of these assimilation types varies in the literature. To this purpose, the same Russian speakers who evaluated Greek consonantal contrasts as UC and UU types in an assimilation test of a previous study completed an AXB discrimination test in this study to detect the discriminability of these assimilation types. The findings demonstrated that most of the UU non-overlapping (UU-N) types, and specifically those with focalized-focalized responses, were more accurately discriminated and had faster RTs than the UC non-overlapping (UC-N) type. However, one UU-N type with clustered-clustered responses did not differ in terms of discrimination accuracy and reaction times with the UC-N type. It is suggested that despite having the same overlapping parameters (non-overlapping), UU types might be more discriminable than UC types with respect to consonants. Also, similarity of uncategorized phones with other assimilated phones (e.g., focalized, clustered, dispersed) might shape the UC-UU type relationship. Finally, it is assumed that the discriminability of UC-UU types might be consonant-specific.
Pengelolaan Kawasan Sendang Sono berwawasan Masyarakat
Authors: Hapsoro Singgih 
Published: June 2020

Kawasan Sendangsono menjadi salah satu tempat peziarahan favorit umat Katolik di Indonesia, yang berupa sebuah gua buatan didalamnya terdapat patung perwujudan Bunda Maria , Gereja Promasan dan lintasan Jalan Salib yang menghubungkan Gereja dengan Gua Maria. Pesatnya pembangunan serta daya tarik ekonomi menimbulkan permasalahan yang dapat membahayakan dan mengancam kelestarian sumberdaya budaya kawasan Sendangsono. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, maka diperlukan pengelolaan Kawasan Sendangsono yang berwawasan masyarakat. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengevaluasi pengelolaan Kawasan Sendangsono saat ini. Kajian yang dilakukan adalah kajian berwawasan masyarakat, yaitu kajian pengelolaan yang memperhatikan nilai dan makna budaya, baik yang berwujud benda maupun tak benda dan peran serta masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemeliharaan Kawasan Sendangsono sudah sangat baik, terbukti dengan kepuasan para pengunjung yang datang ke Kawasan Sendangsono. Keterlibatan masyarakat hanya sebatas kegiatan insidentil, belum menyentuh sisi manajemen. Hal inilah yang perlu diperhatikan dalam rangka Pengelolaan Kawasan Sendangsono yang berwawasan masyarakat.
BIARA BAHAL DAN BIARA SIPAMUTUNG, PENINGGALAN KEPURBAKALAAN MASA KLASIK INDONESIA DI KAWASAN PADANGLAWAS, SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Koestoro Lucas Partanda 
Published: June 2020

Di kawasan Padanglawas, Sumatera Utara banyak peninggalan dari masa klasik Indonesia. Dua di antaranya adalah Biara Bahal dan Biara Sipamutung. Penelitian tentang keberadaannya telah dilakukan sejak masa pemerintahan Hindia Belanda dan pada masa sesudah kemerdekaan Indonesia. Kemudian, penelitian dilakukan lebih intensif sebagai upaya pemugaran dan pelestarian objek kepurbakalaan di kawasan ini. Hasilnya memperlihatkan pengenalan akan masa pendirian dan penggunaannya, latar belakang keagamaan yang melatarbelakangi pembangunannya, serta kaitannya dengan aktivitas perdagangan yang memanfaatkan aliran sungai yang bermuara ke Selat Malaka.
INFLITRASI NILAI KEMUHAMMADIYAHAN PADA STRUKTUR KAWASAN DAN DESAIN BANGUNAN KOTA DI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: NUR KHILDA WILDANA 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini menjabarkan eksistensi nilai Kemuhammadiyahan yang mempengaruhi aspek fisik dan non fisik kawasan kota, baik dalam bentuk tata ruang (spatial) maupun pada bangunan kepemilikan Muhammadiyah. Substansi penelitian diharapkan dapat membuka cakrawala dan pemikiran bahwa keterkaitan masa lalu dalam ajaran murni Islam yang telah berkembang sebelum era perancangan kota dan arsitektur modern. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sejarah dan fenomenologi dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif-eksploratif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dari data primer, data sekunder dimana pengambilan populasi melalui purposive sampling dan random sampling. Metode analisa yang digunakan antara lain metode fenomenologi dan sejarah dengan teknik sikronik dan diakronik reading serta memadukan metode urban morfologi dan tipologi. Kajian ini akan memberikan aplikasi penciptaan lingkungan yang terbangun berdasarkan pengamalan amal makruf nahi mungkar yang menjadi tujuan pendirian Muhammadiyah. Kata kunci: Bangunan, Kawasan, Mamminasata, Muhammadiyah, Tipologi ABSTRACT. This study describes the existence of the value of Kemuhammadiyahan which affects the physical and non-physical aspects of the city area, both in spatial form and in the ownership of Muhammadiyah’s buildings. The substance of research is expected to be able to open knowledge and thoughts that the past linkages in the pure understanding of Islam which have developed before the era of urban design and modern architecture. This study uses a historical and phenomenological approach with a type of qualitative-explorative research. Data collection techniques were carried out from primary data, secondary data where the population was collected through purposive sampling and random sampling. The analytical methods used phenomenology and history methods with synchronous and diachronic reading techniques and integrating urban morphology and typology methods. This study will provide an application for the creation of an environment that is built based on the practice of charitable and moral merit which is the aim of the establishment of Muhammadiyah. Keywords: Buildings, Regions, Mamminasata, Muhammadiyah, Typology
SELF PERCEPTIONS OF STUDENTS’ HUMANITIES-BASED SKILLS IN AN ENGINEERING PROGRAM: OVERVIEW OF A LONGITUDINAL STUDY’S FIRST TWO YEARS (2017-2019)
Authors: Patterson Laura 
Published: June 2020

This paper is a continuation of research from a previous paper presented to CEEA on a three-year longitudinal study aimed at assessing engineering accreditation non-technical skills at a medium sized engineering school at a large research university. The goal of this longitudinal study is to improve the assessment of these non-technical graduate attributes and test a metric to do so. The Likert-style survey focuses on engineering students self-perceptions of teamwork, communication skills, engineering ethics, professionalism, and lifelong learning in order to gather quantitative data that can be analyzed for trends. Self-perceptions are the focus of this study because student self-efficacy has been found to be correlated with student success over the long term. The study has been conducted through pre-and post-surveys testing whether engineering students’ self-assessment of their abilities in those areas increased or decreased from year to year. Currently, the longitudinal study has only just completed data collection for its final year of the three-year study, so the focus of this paper will be adding the results of the second year to the first, which were presented to CEEA last year. This paper analyzes the data gathered in the second year of the longitudinal study and continue the analysis of those results to explore what they can offer to our understanding of non-technical engineering graduate attributes. These findings are not meant to replace other initiatives, but to offer another metric to examine the effectiveness of engineering programs and meeting non-technical accreditation requirements.
Factors affecting “preparedness for practice” among newly graduated dentists – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohan Malu , Ravindran T. K. Sundari 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
Consequent to the drastic growth that has occurred over the past few decades in the dental education sector, dental profession in India, has also undergone changes. Hence, it is critical to inquire whether the current training that is being offered to dental students is successful in preparing them adequately to meet the challenges of the changing dental profession. We have aimed to assess the level of preparedness for independent dental practice among newly graduated dentists of Kerala and to explore the factors associated with their preparedness.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional survey was conducted among a random sample of 400 recently graduated dentists from Kerala. We developed and validated a self-administered scale named Preparedness for Practice among Dental Graduates-Scale, PPDG-S, to assess the level of preparedness. The overall preparedness scores were categorized based on the median value of the total score (87) – score less than or equal to the median was considered “low preparedness” (0–87) and score greater than the median (>87) was considered “high preparedness.” The difference in proportion between high and low prepared participants across socio- demographic background, training characteristics, and employment characteristics was assessed and the significance was tested using the Chi-square test. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the predictors of preparedness among recent dental graduates.

Results:
The majority of the participants reported themselves to be in the “low preparedness” category (209, 52.3%) as compared to the “high preparedness” category (191, 47.8%). In the bivariate analysis, five variables were found to have significant differences in their proportions between the high and low preparedness categories – gender, caste, type of training institution, work experience, and frequent job changes. According to multivariate analysis, being trained in a private/cooperative college (as opposed to a public institution) and not possessing continuous work experience of even 1 year in a single job (as opposed to having a continuous work experience) were found to pose significant adjusted risk for the lower preparedness among graduates.

Conclusion:
The high proportion of our study participants reporting lower preparedness for independent practice, reflect poor self-rating of their employability. This is critical, when we consider the competitive, saturated private practice sector, and unemployment among young dentists. The relatively higher proportion of poor preparedness among the private sector trained graduates when compared to the government college trained graduates is another matter that raises concern.
Comparison of perception of pain following orthodontic extraction with oral analgesics over adjuvant herbal patch
Authors: Sukumaran Aparna , Fiona R. Jael , Monisha Beninah , Zulkifli Noorazleen , Vijayarangan Sathyabama , Kumar P. D. Madan 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
Pain that follows extraction of any tooth is an acute, short-lasting (2 h–3 days) pain that reaches its maximum intensity during the early (first 4 h) post-extraction period (Kaur et al., 2016). Pain management postoperatively is essential as it helps to minimize discomfort to the patient, reducing the risk of infection, speeding the recovery period. Although several methods have been used for pain management, no study has been conducted on the efficacy of herbal patch as pain relief method in dental extractions. This present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of herbal patch along with oral analgesics in controlling the post- extraction pain compared to routine oral analgesics alone.

Materials and Methods:
An interventional study was conducted among 30 orthodontic patients aged 13–25 years. Written consent and ethical clearance were obtained. A split-mouth design was used with herbal patch and oral analgesic for post-extraction pain management for the study participants. Visual analog scale was used to assess the pain post-extraction at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h of the 1st day. Data collected were subjected to appropriate statistical test using SPSS version 20.

Results:
A highly statistical difference was seen between the two groups and within the groups (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Transdermal herbal patch seems to be a promising analgesic modality for the management of mild- to-moderate pain following dental extractions.
Association of self-esteem with perceived orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life among 12-15 years schoolchildren - A cross-sectional study
Authors: Farooq Mohammed Umar , Puranik Manjunath P. , Shanbhag Namita 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to assess the association of self-esteem (SE) with perceived orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among 12–15 years old schoolchildren in Bengaluru city, India.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 schoolchildren aged 12–15 years in Bengaluru city, India. The data were collected on a structured pro forma that included demographic profile, perceived orthodontic treatment need questionnaire, Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP), and the modified version of the Harter’s self-perception profile rated by the children. ANOVA, Chi-square test, and multivariate linear analysis models were used. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results:
The mean age of the study group was 13.21 ± 1.08 years. Most of the study participants were female (53%). Among the participants, 67% perceived orthodontic treatment need. Mean scores for COHIP and SE were 38.3 ± 10.7 and 91.5 ± 8.3, respectively. In multivariate linear regression analysis, SE was significantly associated with OHRQoL (0.161 [95% confidence interval CI 0.086–0.235)] and perceived orthodontic need [−0.701 (95% CI −1.252, −0.151)].

Conclusion:
In this study, orthodontic treatment needs influenced SE and OHRQoL in the children. Hence, early diagnosis and prompt treatment can improve SE and OHRQoL.
FUNGSI EDUKATIF DAN FUNGSI MORAL DALAM UNGKAPAN BAHASA TAE’ YANG MEREPRESENTASIKAN KEARIFAN LOKAL ETNIK LUWU
Authors: Nurhalisa Siti 
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini membahas tentang fungsi edukatif dan fungsi moral dalam ungkapan bahasa Tae’ yang merepresentasikan kearifan lokal Etnik Luwu. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian etnografi dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data penelitian ini berupa ungkapan bahasa Tae’,khusunya yang berkaitan dengan fungsi edukatif dan fungsi moral bahasa Tae’ yang merepresentasikan kearifan lokal etnik Luwu. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, perekaman, dan studi dokumentasi. Data ungkapan tersebut diperoleh dari informan yang terdiri atas informan terpilih dan informan bebas. Informan terpilih yaitu tetua adat dan budayawan. Sementara itu, informan bebas adalah beberapa orang masyarakat Baebunta yang dalam kehidupan sehari-hari menggunakan bahasa Tae’.Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis etnografi menurut teori Spradly, yakni analisis domain, analisis taksonomi, analisis komponensial, dan analisis tema kultural. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diperoleh temuan bahwa ungkapan bahasa Tae' yang merepresentasikan kearifan lokal etnik Luwu itu memiliki berbagai ragam fungsi dengan pesannya masing-masing, di antaranya, yaitu fungsi edukatif memiliki sepuluh ragam pesan, yaitu pesan tentang etos kerja, sabar dan ikhlas, bersikap netral, mengejar prestasi, mengubah kebiasaan buruk, syukur nikmat, berhemat, sikap mandiri, dan sikap konsisiten dan fungsi moral memiliki empat ragam pesan, yaitu jujur, amanah, menjaga kehormatan, dan menghargai kebaikan orang .
AFIKS VERBA DALAM BAHASA SALUAN
Authors: Fatinah, S.Pd., M.Pd. Siti 
Published: June 2020

Affix verbs in the Saluan language can be added to basic word or basic form in the form of verbs, nouns, adjectives, and numerals. The affix has various forms and functions. This study examines the forms and function of verb affixes in the Saluan language. Related with that, this paper aims to describe the forms and function of verb affixes in the Saluan language. The data of this study were obtained using the litterary method. The data is processed using the intralingual equivalent method through a change technique. The results of this study indicate that there are five verb affixes in the Saluan language, namely prefix, suffix, confix, infix, and combinations of affixes. There are nine verb prefixes, namely moN-, pino-, i-, o-, ba-, po-, ko-, maha-, and mompo-. The moN prefix has four allomorphs, namely mom-, mong-, mo-, and mon-. There are two verb suffixes, namely -onon and-kon. There are four verb confixes, namely kino-an, kina-mo, kina-anmo, and maha-an. The verb infix is only one, namely -in-. Different case with a combination of affixes. The combination of verb affixes is nine, namely moN-akon, moN-kon, moN-i, i-akon, i-kon, pino-akon, pinokon, i-i, -in-an, -in-akon, and iin-kon. There are five functions of the affix form, namely changing the word category in its basic form, forming bitransitive verbs, forming transitive verbs, reciprocal verbs, and forming passive verbs.
TINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF ANTARA DOSEN DAN NAHASISWA DALAM PERKULIAHAN MATA KULIAH BAHASA INDONESIA DI UMI
Authors: Sari Ihram 
Published: June 2020

The writer is interested in examining directive discourse between lecture and studentsin indonesian learning process as general subject in indonesia muslim university. The problem statement of this research is how the politeness forms from lecturer to students, students to lecturer, and students to students in Indonesian Language Subject at Universitas Muslim Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to describe the form of politeness in the interaction of lecturers to students, students to lecturers, and students to students. This study focused on lecturers who teach general Indonesian language subject at the Faculty of Letters and first semester students, especially those who program general subject in Indonesian. The collected data will be analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the results of the research found, forms of language politeness in the interaction of lecturers to students in the form of declarative sentences,namely obeying the maxim of wisdom, praise, and agreement; interrogative sentences, namely obeying the maxim of wisdom; imperative sentence, namely obeying the maxim of wisdom; the exclamation sentence, namely obeying the maxim of wisdom; and language politeness in the interaction of students to lecturers in the form of declarative sentences, namely obeying the maxim of generosity and agreement; interrogative sentences, namely obeying the maxim of generosity; the exclamation sentence, namely obeying the maxim of wisdom; and the form of politeness in the interaction of students to students in the form of declarative sentences, namely the maxim of wisdom, generosity, agreement and sympathy; interrogative sentences, namely the maxim of wisdom and sympathy; imperative sentence, namely the maxim of wisdom; exclamation sentence, namely the maxim of wisdom. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the use of politeness in the formal setting is very useful for people's lives, including in the education side.
DISCUTINDO VÍCIOS HISTORIOGRÁFICOS COM PROFESSORES DE CIÊNCIAS EM FORMAÇÃO
Authors: Nascimento Lucas Albuquerque do , Carvalho Hermano Ribeiro de , Silva Boniek Venceslau da Cruz 
Published: June 2020

Nos últimos anos, pesquisas na área do Ensino de Ciências destacam a potencialidade do uso da História e Filosofia da Ciência (HFC) para compreensão sobre a construção de conhecimentos científicos. Dessa forma, torna-se importante investigar as interfaces entre HFC e as salas de aulas como, por exemplo, no contexto de formação inicial de professores de Ciências. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os principais tipos de vícios historiográficos que uma construção histórica pode conter e discutir alguns desses equívocos com professores de ciências em formação, por meio do uso de um texto didático. Para isto, foi criado um texto no formato de diálogo, no qual, teve como discussão o uso do livro de Ciências e a presença de vícios historiográficos. O texto foi aplicado num curso de extensão ofertado para professores de Ciências em formação da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI). A partir de um questionário, construiu-se e analisou-se dados que apontaram para uma compreensão sobre aspectos da Historiografia da Ciência, principalmente devido à característica do texto ao abordar fatos do dia-a-dia da profissão docente. Por fim, defende-se durante a formação inicial e/ou continuada, a inserção de momentos de discussão sobre a construção dos conhecimentos científicos e seus aspectos históricos.
Repatriation of self-initiated expatriates: expectations vs. experiences
Authors: Ellis David R , Thorn Kaye , Yao Christian 
Published: June 2020

PurposeWhile there is a burgeoning literature on self-initiated expatriates (SIEs), the emphasis has been on expatriation not repatriation. The purpose of this paper therefore is to explore how repatriating SIEs perceive the experience of repatriation compared with their pre-repatriation expectations. Further, we examine the seminal work of Black et al. (1992) in the light of current day realities.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative research draws on interviews with SIE New Zealanders returning home. It is an exploratory longitudinal study, based on interview data collected prior to (n = 32), and after (n = 27) repatriation, comparing expectations and experiences of repatriation.FindingsFindings show that there is a strong level of congruence between the expectations of the return and their experience of repatriation. This congruence eases the transition and mitigates the impact of reverse culture shock. We revise Black et al.'s framework of repatriation adjustment to more accurately reflect the expectations and experiences of repatriating SIEs, recognising the importance of individual agency and the impact of today's technological advances on repatriation.Research limitations/implicationsThe contributions of this paper include clarification of repatriating SIEs. Further, through the revision of the framework, we identify new areas of research that would aid our understanding of repatriating SIEs and lead to the development of a more detailed model. We highlight the interplay between variables showing how these might mitigate the shock of repatriation.Originality/valueRepatriation is an under-researched phase of the SIE, and this study provides empirical data that contributes to our understanding of the construct. Black et al.'s framework of repatriation adjustment is revised in the context of contemporary SIE, highlighting the holistic nature of self-initiated expatriation and repatriation, viewing the events not as discrete, but as a continuum of time.