bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fertility and Progeny Ploidy of Triploids in China Rosa Germplasm
Authors: Feng Hui , Ji Naizhe , Xie Yu , Ge Beibei , Bu Yanhua , Zhao Shiwei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background

Although triploid plants are often assumed to be sterile, in Rosa, triploids appear to have been important in both species evolution and breeding. A better understanding of the fertility of China Rosa triploids and their behavior when used in interploidy crosses will not only improve gene introgression from China triploid roses to modern roses, but also enhance our understanding of male and female fertility mechanism with triploids. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of five triploid China roses for breeding by measuring the pollen size, quantifying the fertility and following the ploidy transmission of interploidy crosses.
Results

In the five triploids, the pollen grain size of Rosa multiflora var. cathayensis Rehd ‘Fen Tuan Qiang Wei’ followed a normal distribution, suggesting that 1 mainly ploidy level pollen grain were produced, while the pollen size of other 4 triploids followed skewed, flattened, and slightly bimodal distributions, indicating a wide range of chromosome numbers. Although none of the 5 triploids produced hips as females, 3 gave good hip and seed production on the tetraploid mother plant when used as the pollen parents. Based on the ploidy level analysis of their progeny, ‘Fen Tuan Qiang Wei’ produced 1n viable pollen whereas ‘Chun Shui Lü Bo’ and ‘Yu Shi Zhuang’ produced 2n viable pollen. In the meiosis of triploids, the triads, pentads and microcyte in the meiosis products indicated the objective triploid production of euploid pollen grains.
Conclusions

In this study we reported 1 China triploid rose produces 1n viable pollen, and 2 China triploid roses produce 2n viable pollen, and no anueploid progeny was produced. Our results indicate that the triploids contribute significantly to tetraploids formation in the crossing system of Genus Rosa, and it is possible for breeders to create novel rose types with valuable triploids in the future. With the special triploid resources found in this experiment, Genus Rosa will be an excellent material to study the mechanism of triploids in the future.
Free Standing Large Area Metal-Organic Nanosheets Encapsulating Periodically Spaced Single-Ion Magnets
Authors: Kurmoo Mohamedally , Fan Kun , Xiao Tong-Tong , Bao Songsong , Huang Xin-Da , Wang Zhenxing , Ouyang Zhong-Wen , Zheng Li-Min 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The high demand for electronic components from limited natural resources is forcing manufacturers to focus on thin-film technology but they are facing problems - limits of operation, uniformity of the films and expensive manufacturing tools. Chemistry can provide solutions to the last two problems with ease of manufacture and uniformity of two-dimensional materials retaining all functionalities within one single layer. Here, we present one such layered compound, [CoII(terpy)(H2O)2@CoII2(µ2-H2O)3{IrIII(ppy-COO)3}2]·6H2O (1). Each charge-balanced layer is an anionic triple-ply holding [CoII(terpy)(H2O)2]2+ cations. Treating the crystals with warm acetone or by sonication breaks the weak interlayer supramolecular π-π and H-bonds leading to free standing single- and double layers (>30´30 µm2). Each CoII(terpy)(H2O)2, at crystallographic positions 14.5 Å apart, behaves as a single-ion magnet (SIM). This is the first observation of periodic positioning of SIM shielded from their neighbours amounting to a staggering 350´1012 CoII/in2 capable of functioning as a 350 TeraBit/in2 magnetic memory device.
Lactic acid bacteria that activate immune gene expression in the Caenorhabditis elegans can antagonize the Campylobacter jejuni infection in nematodes, chickens and mice
Authors: Jin Xing , He Yufeng , Zhou Yonghua , Chen Xiaohua , Lee Yuan-kun , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei , Wang Gang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background

Campylobacter jejuni is the major microbacillary pathogen responsible for human coloenteritis. Lactic acid bacteria have been shown to protect against Campylobacter infection. But LAB that showed a good ability to inhibit the growth of C. jejuni in vitro are less effective in antagonising C. jejuni in animals and animal models have the disadvantages of high cost, a long cycle, cumbersome operation and insignificant immune response indicators. Caenorhabditis elegans is increasingly used to screen probiotics for anti-pathogenic property. However, no research on the use of C. elegans to screen for probiotic candidates antagonistic to C. jejuni has been conducted to date.
Results

This study established a Caenorhabditis elegans life-span model enabling preselection of lactic acid bacteria to counter Campylobacter jejuni infection. A potential protective mechanism of the LAB was identified. 9 strains of distinct LAB species offered the high level of protection for Caenorhabditis elegans. Many of the LAB strains with a high protection rate reduced Campylobacter jejuni load in nematodes. The transcription of antibacterial peptide genes, MAPK and Daf-16 signalling pathway related genes was elevated by the LAB isolates with a high protection rate. The reliability of the life-span model of Caenorhabditis elegans was verified using Campylobacter jejuni -infected mice and chicken model respectively.
Conclusions

These results showed that LAB vary in their ability to protect Caenorhabditis elegans against Campylobacter jejuni, and Caenorhabditis elegans provides a reliable model enabling researchers to screen for LAB antagonistic to Campylobacter jejuni on a large scale.
A cadaveric study of the location and morphology of the central patellar ridge for bone-patellar tendon-bone graft
Authors: Tanpowpong Thanathep , Itthipanichpong Thun , Huanmanop Thanasil , Jaruthien Nonn , Tangchitcharoen Nattapat 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
IntroductionThe central ridge of the patella is the thickest area of patella and varies among patients. This cadaveric study identified the location and thickness of the bone at the central patella ridge for bone-patellar tendon-bone(BPTB) harvesting.Materials and MethodsFifty cadaveric knees were assessed. First, the morphology, length, width, and location of the central patellar ridge were recorded. Then, we transversely cut the patella 25 mm from the lower pole and measured the thickness of the anterior cortex, cancellous bone and cartilage from both the mid-patella and the central ridge location. Finally, the depth of the remaining cancellous bone at the mid-patella was compared to the bone at the central ridge.ResultsThe location of the central-patellar ridge deviated medially from the mid-patella in 46 samples with an average distance of 4.36 ± 1 mm. Only 4 samples deviated laterally. The mean patella length was 41.19 ± 4.73 mm and the width was 42.8 ± 5.25 mm. After a transverse cut, the remaining cancellous bone were significantly thicker at the central ridge compared to the bone at the mid-patella.ConclusionsMost of the central patellar ridge deviated medially, approximately 4 mm from the mid-patella. Harvesting the graft from the central ridge would have more remaining bone compared to the mid patella.
Automated Structural Design of Shear Wall Residential Buildings Using GAN-Based Machine Learning Algorithm
Authors: Lu Xinzheng , Liao Wenjie , Huang Yuli , Zheng Zhe , Lin Yuanqing 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Artificial intelligence is transforming many industries and reshaping building design processes to be smarter and automated. While a large number of studies on automated building design have been carried out recently, they focused on architectural aspects, leaving a gap in its application to structural design. Considering the increasingly wide application of shear wall systems in high-rise buildings and envisioning the massive benefit of automated structural design, this paper proposes a shear-wall design automation model based on a generative adversarial network (GAN). Its goal is to learn from existing shear wall design documents and then perform structural design intelligently and swiftly. To this end, a database of representative architectural and structural design documents was developed. Then, datasets were prepared via abstraction, semanticization, classification, and parameterization in terms of building height and seismic design category. The GAN model improved its shear wall design proficiency through adversarial training supported by data and hyper-parametric analytics. The performance of the trained GAN model was appraised against the metrics based on the confusion matrix and the intersection-over-union approach. Finally, case studies were conducted to evaluate the applicability, effectiveness, and appropriateness of the innovative GAN-based structural design method.
Effect of silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles on rigidity sensing of human embryonic kidney cells
Authors: Ketebo Abdurazak Aman , Shin Tae Hwan , Jun Myeongjun , Lee Gwang , Park Sungsu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNanoparticles (NPs) can enter cells and cause cellular dysfunction. For example, reactive oxygen species generated by NPs can damage the cytoskeleton and impair cellular adhesion properties. Previously, we reported that cell spreading and protrusion structures such as lamellipodia and filopodia was reduced when cells are treated with silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles incorporating rhodamine B isothiocyanate (MNPs@SiO2(RITC)), even at 0.1 μg/μL. These protruded structures are involved in a cell’s rigidity sensing, but how these NPs affect rigidity sensing is unknown.ResultsHere, we report that the rigidity sensing of human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells was impaired even at 0.1 μg/μL of MNPs@SiO2(RITC). At this concentration, cells were unable to discern the stiffness difference between soft (5 kPa) and rigid (2 MPa) flat surfaces. The impairment of rigidity sensing was further supported by observing the disappearance of locally contracted elastomeric submicron pillars (900 nm in diameter, 2 μm in height, 24.21 nN/μm in stiffness k) under MNPs@SiO2(RITC) treated cells. A decrease in the phosphorylation of paxillin, which is involved in focal adhesion dynamics, may cause cells to be insensitive to stiffness differences when they are treated with MNPs@SiO2(RITC).ConclusionsOur results suggest that NPs may impair the rigidity sensing of cells even at low concentrations, thereby affecting cell adhesion and spreading.
Awareness of Sudanese Citizens about the Benefits of Breastfeeding compared to Formula in Khartoum State, Sudan
Authors: Aljafari Abdulmalek , Aziz Ibrahim Adel , Hezima Ahmed Gamal , Awad Mustafa Sabir , AlMustafa Ahmed , Sammarraie Ahmad Khairi Al , Alhaboob Ahmed Mohammedahmed , Hamadnalla Mohanad Altigani 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThere are a major differences between breastfeeding and formula feeding. Therefore, it’s essential for expectants and new parents to be aware of such variations, as its important determinants of infant feeding behavior. This study aimed to construct a solid foundation on the awareness and perception regarding breastfeeding verses packed formulas among the locals. Additionally, we wished to identify any possible misconceptions about their benefits.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional descriptive study, carried out during the months of July and August 2020 at Khartoum state, Sudan. The target population was all Sudanese citizens of both genders, aged 18 and above, who’ve agreed to participate in this study, respondents who’ve missed any of the aforesaid criteria were excluded. ResultsAmong our study respondents (n=905), 464 (51.27%) were female and 409 (45.19%) were married. Two hundred and eleven (23.31%) had 1-2 children and 422 (46.63%) held a bachelor’s degree. The mean awareness score was 10.88 (SD: 2.25, range: 0-15), suggesting an overall 72.53% (10.88/15*100) correct rate on this awareness test. Awareness scores significantly differed across genders, age-groups, marital status, education levels, and places of residence (P<0.05). Most of our sample (97.35%) agreed that breastfeeding is the ideal nutrition for infants <6 months old. Five hundred and ninety (65.19%) were aware that breastfeeding reduces the mortality rate of infants, and 712 (78.67%) of the participants answered correctly that breastfeeding decreases the maternal risk of breast and ovarian cancer.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the general awareness on this topic needs further improvement and more attention.
Glucose Levels During Gestational Diabetes Pregnancy and the Risk of Developing Postpartum Diabetes or Prediabetes
Authors: Phaloprakarn Chadakarn , Tangjitgamol Siriwan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Blood glucose levels during pregnancy may reflect the severity of insulin secretory defects and/or insulin resistance during gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancy. We hypothesized that suboptimal glycemic control in women with GDM could increase the risk of postpartum type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) or prediabetes. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of plasma glucose levels throughout GDM pregnancy on the risk of postpartum type 2 DM or prediabetes. Methods: The medical records of 706 women with GDM who underwent a postpartum 75-g oral glucose tolerance test at our institution between January 2011 and December 2018 were reviewed. These women were classified into 2 groups according to glycemic control during pregnancy: ≤ 1 occasion of either fasting glucose ≥ 95 mg/dL or 2-h postprandial glucose ≥ 120 mg/dL was defined as optimal glycemic control or else was classified as suboptimal glycemic control. Rates of postpartum type 2 DM and prediabetes were compared between women with optimal (n = 505) and suboptimal (n = 201) glycemic control. Results: The rates of postpartum type 2 DM and prediabetes were significantly higher in the suboptimal glycemic control group than in the optimal glycemic control group: 22.4% vs. 3.0%, P < 0.001 for DM and 45.3% vs. 23.6%, P < 0.001 for prediabetes. In a multivariate analysis, suboptimal glucose control during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for developing either postpartum type 2 DM or prediabetes. The adjusted odds ratios were 18.9 (95% confidence interval, 7.0–50.7) for DM and 4.1 (95% confidence interval, 2.6–6.4) for prediabetes. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that blood glucose levels during GDM pregnancy have an impact on the risk of postpartum type 2 DM and prediabetes.
Tongue Image Quality Assessment Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Jiang Tao , Hu Xiao-juan , Yao Xing-hua , Tu Li-ping , Huang Jing-bin , Ma Xu-xiang , Cui Ji , Wu Qing-feng , Xu Jiatuo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: With the wide application of digital tongue diagnosis instrument, massive tongue images will be produced. Adequate image quality is the prerequisite to ensure accurate tongue image analysis. In the process of tongue image collection, improper operation may lead to many poor-quality images (fogging, underexposure, overexposure, blurred focus, wrong tongue posture, etc.), which seriously affect the image processing and the accuracy of image analysis. However traditional pattern recognition is difficult to evaluate the quality of tongue images by extracting features and manual removal of tongue images with bad quality consumes a lot of labor and has a high error rate. In this research, we utilized a deep convolutional neural network to automatically select bad quality tongue images.Methods: The present study was conducted to identify the most appropriate CNN model for Tongue Image Quality Assessment based on deep CNN. The CNN model was evaluated by using Residual neural network and compared with VGGNet and DenseNet. Evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score were used for CNN model performance.Results: A detection model is established for tongue image quality control based on deep residual network, with an average accuracy of 99.04%, accuracy of 99.05%, recall of 99.04%, and F1-score of 99.05%, which can be used for quality screening of massive tongue images.Conclusions: Our research findings demonstrate various CNN models in the decision-making process for the selection of tongue image quality assessment and prove that applying deep learning methods, specifically deep CNN, to evaluate bad quality tongue images is feasible.
Comparison of Community Structure and Productivity of Pinus Plantation and Natural Broadleaved Forest in Same Ecology
Authors: Pandey Hari Prasad , Paudel Ganesh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Both plantation and natural forests are distributed throughout the world and the same is the case in Nepal. Different structures are forms due to mode of forests' origin that requires a different approach for sustainable forest management. This compares community structure and production between naturally-regenerated broadleaved and the plantation Pinus from the same ecological region, at present and predicts the scenarios taking into consideration of biomass production and sustainable management perspective. A total of 89 plots trees were sampled of area 250 m 2 each for both forests forest on a random basis in Mid-hills of Nepal. The t-test, correlation test, Man-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimators, linear and polynomial regression analysis were performed to compare the forests. The result showed the significantly (p<0.05) higher mean age, DBH, height, biomass density, carbon stock density and mean annual increment (MAI) in plantation forest but the forest had a very low level of undergrowth, a sign of frequent fire and absence of regeneration. The higher mean density of wood, stocking density (number - both trees and regeneration), under-growth biomass, absence of fire sign, good condition of regeneration were found in natural forests. Bell-shaped DBH-classes distribution having positive insignificant trend is found of plantation forest. Plantation forest hinders long-term sustainability though it showed significantly higher productivity (biomass). Result reveals that monoculture plantation forest can be managed either considering together with the naturally-regenerated forest of all age gradation or promote age (size-classes) gradation through management intervention in such forests for perpetuating yielding, otherwise, these forests lose ecological sustainability. On the contrast, naturally-regenerated forest comprises of all age gradation that they allow exercising active sustainable management without compromising continuous regeneration and sustainable production. The result could give insight for managing both plantation and natural forests sustainably.
Experience of Clinical Screening for Elective Orthopedic Surgery in The Midst of The COVID-19 Pandemic: An Alternative Proposal.
Authors: Peña Edwarth Soler , Amin Sammy Nicolas Farah , Bustos Valeria Patricia , Muñoz Sofia Elizabeth , Martinez Ernesto , Gomez Jairo Fernando , Moreno Carlos Álvarez 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic is the largest global event of recent times, leaving millions infected and hundreds of thousands of dead worldwide. Colombia is no stranger to this situation, being subject to massive cancellations of medically necessary surgical procedures categorized as ¨non vital¨. The objective of this study is to show the results of a program of elective essential and non-essential low and medium complexity orthopedic surgeries performed during the mitigation phase of the COVID-19 pandemic with a pre-surgical clinical protocol, without serological or molecular testing, during April, 2020 in two institutions in Bogotá, Colombia. Methodology​ :​ A multicenter, observational, retrospective, descriptive study of a cohort of patients who underwent elective orthopedic surgery at two institutions in the city of Bogota, Colombia, during April 2020. We performed a preoperative clinical protocol without including serological or molecular tests, an epidemiological survey, describing the type of surgery, their score in the MeNTs (medically necessary time sensitive) scale, and the presence of suggestive symptoms of COVID-19 postoperatively. Results​ :​ A total of 179 patients underwent orthopedic surgery with an average age of 47 years (swilk= 0.021) (Shapiro-Wilk) ranging between 18 and 81 years, with a majority of females (61.5%). As for the surgeries, 86 (48%) were knee operations, 42 (23.5%) hand surgeries, 34 (19%) shoulder surgeries, and 17 (9.5%) foot and ankle surgeries. The average MeNTS of all patients was 44.6 points. During the two weeks after surgery, four patients were considered suspects for COVID-19 for presenting at least two symptoms associated with the disease representing an incidence of 2.3%. Two (1.1%) of these four patients consulted an emergency department where RT-PCR(reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) type tests were performed, obtaining a negative result for SARSCov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2). No patients died or were hospitalized for symptoms associated with COVID-19. Conclusion​ :​ Through the implementation of a pre-surgical clinical protocol (physical examination, clinical survey inquiring about signs, symptoms and epidemiological contacts), a pre-surgical isolation and without the performance of molecular or serological diagnostic tests, the present study showed good results in the performance of low and medium complexity elective orthopedic surgery at an early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Level of evidence​ :​ IV.
Astrocytic atrophy as a pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease with LRRK2 mutation
Authors: Ramos-Gonzalez Paula , Mato Susana , Chara Juan Carlos , Verkhratsky Alexei , Matute Carlos , Cavaliere Fabio 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The principal hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the selective neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurones. Mounting evidence suggests that astrocytes may contribute to dopaminergic neurodegeneration through decreased homeostatic support and deficient neuroprotection. In this study, we generated iPSC-derived astrocytes from PD patients with LRRK2(G2019S) mutation and healthy donors of the similar age. In cell lines derived from PD patients, astrocytes were characterised by a significant decrease in S100B and GFAP-positive astrocytic profiles associated with marked decrease in astrocyte complexity. In addition, PD-derived astrocytes demonstrated aberrant mitochondrial morphology, decreased mitochondrial activity and ATP production along with an increase of glycolysis and increase production of reactive oxygen species. Taken together, our data indicate that astrocytic asthenia observed in patient-derived cultures with LRRK2(G2019S) mutation may contribute to neuronal death through decreased homeostatic support, elevated oxidative stress and failed neuroprotection.