bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the appraisal of records: Case of the University of Witwatersrand and the University of Venda
Authors: Netshakhuma Nkholedzeni Sidney 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to assess the appraisal of records at the University of Witwatersrand and the University of Venda. Furthermore, the study intends to recommend appraisal of records to recognize African culture, reviewing records management policy to include an element on the appraisal of records, raise awareness on the appraisal of records, capacity building and develop electronic records management strategy to appraise records.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on the qualitative research technique. The research approach is a multiple case study comparing the previously advantaged and disadvantaged universities in South Africa.FindingsThe study found that archives and records management legislation, archives and records management policy, re-appraisal of records, capacity building are essential for the appraisal of university records. Lack of appropriate appraisal theory and strategy by the University of Witwatersrand and the University of Venda leads to a loss of institutional memory.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited to the University of Witwatersrand and the University of Venda. These two institutions are a sample of the state of archiving in South Africa.Originality/valueThere is very little, if any, research on the appraisal of South African universities' records. The outcome of this research will benefit universities that are seeking to develop and implement appraisal strategies.
Teaching urban facility management, global citizenship and livability
Authors: Kuijlenburg Rachel 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to explain the influence of facility design on urban quality of life from an educational perspective. The outcome of this paper is to determine the influence of facility management (FM) on the quality of life of citizens in the city of The Hague by actively using a facility design to positively influence the livability.

Design/methodology/approach
This current explorative study is a mix-method approach of qualitative and quantitative applied research based on observations, shadowing, interviewing, questionnaires, document analyzes, desk research including analyzing audio and video material. This applied research framework is based on the cycle for practice-oriented research and innovation by van der Donk and van Lanen (2016).

Findings
More than 2,000 bachelor FM students over the past 15 years have been dispatched into the city to conduct small-scale, applied research on urban facility management (UFM). It provided data on changing neighborhoods resulting in numerous small-scale improvements. Besides, a better understanding of UFM, it contributed to a better awareness on global citizenship.

Research limitations/implications
Besides a better understanding of UFM to improve livability in neighborhoods, it also contributed into a better awareness in teaching global citizenship.

Originality/value
This long-running study supports the upcoming field of UFM and the debate how FM should be made explicit in the neighborhood.
The impact of fire and rescue service first responders on participant behaviour during chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN)/Hazmat incidents
Authors: Long Francis , Bateman Georgia , Majumdar Arnab 
Published: June 2020

PurposeDecontamination following chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN)/Hazmat incidents is a critical activity carried out in order to mitigate and contain the risk posed by any hazardous materials involved. Human behaviour plays a crucial role in such incidents, as casualties will have little understanding of the situation they find themselves in, leading to uncertainty in what actions to take. This will result in very difficult circumstances within which first responders must operate. However, the importance of human behaviour appears to be a fundamental element being missed in the preparation, training and planning assumptions being made by emergency services and planners in preparation for these events.Design/methodology/approachThis paper looks to understand the scope of this omission by reviewing relevant literature on the subject and engaging with Fire and Rescue Service personnel and managers in the UK. This study utilised semi-structured interviews with 10 Fire and Rescue Service Mass Decontamination Operatives, four Fire and Rescue Service Hazardous Material Advisers and three Fire and Rescue Service Strategic Officers participating. These interviews were then analysed using a thematic framework to identified key themes from the research which were then validated using two independent researchers to provide an inter-rater reliability measure. Finally, a follow-up validation questionnaire was also developed to test the validity of the themes identified and this was completed by another with 36 Fire and Rescue Service Mass Decontamination Operatives.FindingsBoth the literature review and interviews undertaken with emergency responders and mangers demonstrated the crucial importance of accounting for behavioural aspects in these situations especially in regards to the likely levels of compliance to be expected by responders and the potential problem of casualties not remaining at the scene of an incident to undergo decontamination.Originality/valueThis research identifies a number of key themes so far not recognized through any other research and in doing so offers insights into potential flaws in the UK Fire and Rescue Service response planning for CBRN/Hazmat incidents requiring mass decontamination. It is intended that this research will inform further study into the areas identified in order to ensure gaps in planning, training and strategies for mass decontamination operations can be more fully informed and if required allow for a more effective response.
Achieving loyalty for sharing economy platforms: an expectation–confirmation perspective
Authors: Jia Fu , Li Dun , Liu Guoquan , Sun Hui , Hernandez Jorge E. 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis study explores how sharing platforms achieve platform loyalty through various operation management strategies.Design/methodology/approachA multiple case study method has been conducted in two Chinese sharing economy industries: ride- and bike-sharing. Data were collected through 30 semi-structured interviews with managers from four platform companies (DiDi, Uber China, ofo and Mobike). Individual case studies were developed from the triangulation of all existing data. Concurrent with the development of these individual case studies was a cross-case analysis. Emerging patterns have been identified and compared to previous findings in the literature to build upon and modify the existing knowledge base and to formulate a series of propositions.FindingsPlatform asset characteristics and mergers and acquisitions affect supply network readiness and operational capacity, respectively, and this effect would consequently contribute to achieving platform loyalty through user satisfaction. Moreover, externality, as a moderator, may influence the strength of the relationship between satisfaction and platform loyalty.Practical implicationsThe proposed theoretical model provides an overarching framework for sharing platform companies to design and operate their businesses while carefully examining the situations, contexts and actions of users and other stakeholders and choosing an appropriate strategic mechanism to drive platform growth.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to empirically explain how firms in a sharing economy sector could gain platform loyalty by adopting an expectation–confirmation theory perspective.
Validation issues of a performance management system for design: three case studies
Authors: Radici Fraga Paula Görgen , Bernardes Maurício Moreira e Silva , van der Linden Julio Carlos de Souza , Vieira Darli Rodrigues , Chain Milena Chang 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis study aimed to discuss issues related to the process for validating a performance management system for design (PMSD) in three product development companies.Design/methodology/approachThe use of multifunctional groups becomes important because it favors viewing the organization as a whole, thereby reducing existing gaps between segments of the company. To support this study, focus group research was used.FindingsViewing design as a resource that contributes to increased competitiveness offers companies benefits, such as improved performance measurement. This measurement is based on indicators and, to be useful, an indicator system should stimulate the company's interest. In addition, the present study made it possible to conclude that the validation process is essential in preimplementation stages because validation allows the PMSD to be adapted to bring it closer to the reality of companies, thus increasing the chances of success during the implementation stage.Originality/valueValidation of the metrics from the perspective of senior management enabled critical analyses of the applicability of the PMSD, as well as its suitability and approximation to the reality of businesses, by selecting the most relevant data.
Durability analysis of eggshell powder–flyash geopolymer composite subjected to wetting–drying cycles
Authors: Shekhawat Poonam , Sharma Gunwant , Singh Rao Martand 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of various heat conditions on the durability of eggshell powder (ESP)–flyash (FA) geopolymer subjected to wetting–drying cycles.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, two waste materials, ESP and FA, which are destined for landfills, were used as precursors to produce geopolymers in a sustainable manner. The mixture of Na2SiO3and NaOH was used as a liquid alkaline activator in geopolymerization. The ESP and FA content were varied as 30, 50 and 70% and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratios were varied as 0.5, 1 and 2. Geopolymer samples were cured at three heat conditions: 25°C (ambient temperature), 50°C and 80°C for seven days prior to durability tests.FindingsThe results of this study revealed that the strength loss of the geopolymer decreases with an increase in curing temperature up to 50°C and then increases for higher temperature up to 80°C. Further, the strength loss of the geopolymer decreases with an increase in FA replacement and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio. Geopolymer composites exhibited early strength development because of the inclusion of calcium-rich ESP. The weight loss of the ESP–FA geopolymer follows a similar pattern of strength loss. Geopolymer samples previously cured at optimum heat condition of 50°C for seven days exhibited higher durability.Originality/valueThe inclusion of calcium-rich ESP in FA-based geopolymer is novel research. As ESP–FA geopolymer composites show higher mechanical strength and higher durability compared to Indian standards, the potential use of this geopolymer can be in road subbases/subgrades.
University social responsibility as a driving force of change: students’ perceptions beyond the ivory tower
Authors: Coelho Marcia , Menezes Isabel 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
In the context of increasingly diverse issues that affect global society, the social responsibility dimension in higher education institutions is being called to the forefront of change, both in the sense of rethinking their internal practices (e.g. promoting the access and progression of students from different cultural backgrounds) and in their interaction with the surrounding community (e.g. through the establishment of stronger partnerships). The USR activities and projects are considered driving forces of change for universities, but the potential that the involvement of students in this area can have, in their academic and professional capacities, is not yet sufficiently studied.

Design/methodology/approach
This study examines how students from three European universities (Edinburgh, Porto and Kaunas) perceive the impact of their own involvement in the Erasmus + project ESSA – an experiential training in university social responsibility audit – through focus-group discussions.

Findings
This analysis pointed towards the role of USR projects as an opportunity for students to improve transversal competencies aligned with articulation between the three cornerstones of the university: teaching, research and third mission.

Research limitations/implications
The study rests on students' perceptions of personal change.

Practical implications
This research can help higher education institutions understand the potential of involving students in existing USR projects as a tool to promote their personal, academic and civic development.

Social implications
USR is a core mission of higher education institutions that is beneficial not only internally but also in what concerns interactions with the community and the potential for developing “public-minded alumni”.

Originality/value
This paper provides an insight into how students perceive the impact of their involvement in USR projects as unique learning spaces.
Theoretical and experimental studies on interfacial effects in cellulose nano crystal-shape memory polymer composites
Authors: Luo Hongsheng , Yao Yangrong , Zhou Huankai , Wu Shaoying , Yi Guobin , He Xuran , Yang Jiyuan , Jiang Yan , Li Zhengwen 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the interfacial effect on mechanical properties of the cellulose nano crystal (CNC)–shape memory polymer (SMP) composites by using combination of the theoretical and experimental approaches.

Design/methodology/approach
SMP composites were fabricated by introducing CNCs into crystalline shape memory polyurethane. The morphological, thermal and mechanical properties were comprehensively investigated. Theoretical approach based upon the percolation model was used to simulate the storage modulus E’ variation of the composites in crystalline and amorphous states, respectively. The classic two-phase percolation model was used for the amorphous-state composites. Furthermore, a three-phase model consisting of interfacial regions was created for the crystalline-state composites.

Findings
The deviation of nano fillers mechanical reinforcements was disclosed as the composites triggered thermal transitions. Modified percolation theory involving the interfacial effects greatly enhanced the simulation accuracy.

Research limitations/implications
The study made the traditional percolating theory suitable for dynamic modulus and polymorphs polymers in terms of mechanics, which may extend the potential application.

Originality/value
The findings may greatly benefit the development of novel interfacial reinforcing theory and intelligent polymeric nanocomposites featuring polymorphs and dynamic properties.
Viable destination ecosystems: a perspective article
Authors: Ness Håvard 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to provide a brief review of the literature on interorganizational relations in tourism over the past 75 years to understand the emerging focus on destination ecosystems. Based on these developments, the paper points to some issues that future research should consider.

Design/methodology/approach
This selective review provides building blocks for a contemporary view of destination ecosystems and the possibilities for promoting research on their viability.

Findings
The research on relationships between tourism firms considers co-operation as important and provides knowledge and theory that is complex addressing a vast range of foci. Future research should attempt to integrate emerging trends using meta-theory and possibly programmatic research.

Research limitations/implications
This paper is brief in reviewing past trends to identify a few core areas for future directions in destination research and suggesting how this might be undertaken. However, this short paper is not exhaustive.

Practical implications
This paper directs attention to core aspects of destination ecosystems that (destination) managers and public sector representatives should consider in their decision-making to improve viability.

Social implications
Social and environmental dimensions are explicitly addressed as important for destination ecosystem viability.

Originality/value
This paper points to some directions that future research and knowledge development should consider to develop conceptual and actionable knowledge further to promote viability in destination ecosystems.
The expanding role of deep roots during long‐term terrestrial ecosystem development
Authors: Newman Gregory S. , Coble Ashley A. , Haskins Kristin E. , Kowler Andrew L. , Hart Stephen C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractModels of ecosystem development and response to environmental variation must incorporate change in vertical soil space as well as over time. Insufficient measurement of subsurface soil properties represents a major observational bias in ecosystem studies.We address these changes in horizontal (time) and vertical (soil profile) space along a three‐million‐year, semi‐arid, piñon‐juniper woodland substrate age gradient with characteristic progressive and retrogressive ecosystem development phases and a shift from nitrogen (N) and water to phosphorus (P) limitation. We present a novel pedological approach using isotopic tracers and biogeochemical analyses to address fine root distribution, depth of plant uptake and relative nutrient availabilities.We show that (a) the quantity of fine roots remains constant with ecosystem development but their distribution in the soil profile becomes increasingly deeper and less concentrated in the surface soil; (b) mean depth of tree uptake becomes deeper with substrate age and follows the relative availability of P as P‐limitation develops and (c) soil P transformations in the oldest soil profiles resemble the theoretical changes with age to produce a depth gradient of relative N and P availability.Synthesis. The expanding role of deep roots in this model system is tightly linked to phases of ecosystem development and relative nutrient availability. The inclusion of whole soil profiles is vital to investigating the intersections of biota, soil and geologic substrate and developing a more complete understanding of ecosystem structure and function.
Intrauterine versus external tocodynamometry in monitoring labour: a randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Hautakangas T , Uotila J , Huhtala H , Palomäki O 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate whether the use of intrauterine tocodynamometry versus external tocodynamometry (IT versus ET) during labour reduces operative deliveries and improves newborn outcome. As IT provides more accurate information on labour contractions, the hypothesis was that it may more appropriately guide oxytocin use than ET.DesignRandomised controlled trial.SettingTwo labour wards, in a university tertiary hospital and a central hospital.PopulationA total of 1504 parturients with singleton pregnancies, gestational age ≥37 weeks and fetus in cephalic position: 269 women with uterine scars, 889 nulliparas and 346 parous women with oxytocin augmentation.MethodsParticipants underwent IT (n = 736) or ET (n = 768) during the active first stage of labour.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome: rate of operative deliveries. Secondary outcomes: duration of labour, amount of oxytocin given, adverse neonatal outcomes.ResultsOperative delivery rates were 26.9% (IT) and 25.9% (ET) (odds ratio 1.05, 95% CI 0.84–1.32, P = 0.663). The ET to IT conversion rate was 31%. We found no differences in secondary outcomes (IT versus ET). IT reduced oxytocin use during labours with signs of fetal distress, and trial of labour after caesarean section.ConclusionsIT did not reduce the rate of operative deliveries, use of oxytocin, or adverse neonatal outcomes, and it did not shorten labour duration.Tweetable abstractIT (versus ET) reduced oxytocin use in high‐risk labours but did not influence operative delivery rate or adverse neonatal outcomes.
Emergency medicine's COVID future: Facing the triple challenge after flattening the curve
Authors: Staib Andrew , Small Niall 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAfter successfully avoiding the situations experienced by some countries, Australasian EDs now face a future in which the ongoing threat of COVID‐19 is added to the traditional challenges in providing quality emergency care. The contribution of emergency medicine to the national containment strategy adds a new dimension to the demands placed on emergency medicine in Australia and similarly, to the elimination strategy employed in New Zealand. These demands will best be met by a considered, planned and resourced approach that will challenge traditional measures of ‘ED efficiency’.
The Impact of Back Benchers in the Creation of Social Reform: The Indefatigable and Honourable Exertions of Mr Gilbert*
Authors: Ryland‐Epton Louise 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDuring the 18th century, back‐bench members of parliament played a critical role in creating social policy. This article provides a case study of the political campaigns of the Lichfield MP, Thomas Gilbert, and his attempts at a comprehensive reform of the poor law in 1765 and 1782. These individual endeavours were energetic, sophisticated, but unallied to a particular agenda or based on Gilbert's original perspectives. Instead, he harnessed the power of local interests and extra‐parliamentary forces, particularly magistrates, through the adept use of print culture in his later campaign to form social policy based on a broad political consensus. A skilled political operator, he used these same methods to help navigate his bills through parliament. To better fit the context, the campaigns were moulded around political expediency and influenced by the development of Gilbert's humanitarian reputation and the burgeoning of the press, parliamentary reporting, and political debate. The political environments of 1765 and 1782 were, therefore, different, and broader trends influenced the two campaigns. This article demonstrates the importance of the press to political campaigning and suggests that to be successful (in social policy at least) a would‐be reformer was required to engage with a developing participatory political culture. However, given Gilbert's approach, the importance of ideology as a basis for social reform in an 18th‐century context is questioned.