bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluatıon of sports character of university students who do sports in terms of various variables
Authors: Yıldız Yasin , Özmaden Murat 
Published: January 2020

In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the sportive characteristics of university students who are actively involved in sports in terms of gender, age, education department, class and type of sport (team and individual). In addition to the personal information form for the demographic characteristics, the Sport Character Scale, developed by Chang-Yong Jang (2013) and adapted to Turkish by Görgüt and Tuncel (2017), was used. A total of 621 students 401 males (64.6%), 220 females (35.4%)) who were active in the individual and team and sports branches of the Sports Sciences Faculty of Aydın Adnan Menderes University were surveyed. The data obtained from the students were analyzed by using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) v 25.0 package program, T-Test, One-Way Analysis of Variance and Scheffe Test to determine that the groups were statistically different from each other. According to the data obtained from the students who participated in the study, differences were found between the sporting character age, gender, class and type of sport. As a result of this research, it can be said that the sporting characteristics of the students doing sports can be determined and evaluations can be made towards their goals. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Bu araştırmada aktif olarak spor yapan üniversite öğrencilerinin sportif karakterlerinin cinsiyet, yaş, öğrenim görülen bölüm, sınıf ve yapılan spor türü (takım ve bireysel) açısından değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada demografik özellikler için kişisel bilgi formunun yanında Chang-Yong Jang (2013) tarafından geliştirilen ve Türkçe uyarlaması Görgüt ve Tuncel (2017) tarafından yapılan Spor Karakter Ölçeği (Sport Character Scale), kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören bireysel ve takım ve spor branşlarında aktif olarak yer alan 401 erkek (%64,6), 220 kadın (%35,4) olmak üzere toplamda 621 öğrenciye anket uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada öğrencilerden edilen veriler SPSS (Statistical Package For The Social Sciences) v 25.0 paket programı kullanılarak T-Testi, Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi ve grupların birbirinden istatistiksel olarak farklı olduğunun belirlenmesinde Scheffe Testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerde elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda sportif karakter yaş, cinsiyet öğrenim görülen sınıf ve yapılan spor türü arasında istatiksel anlamda farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda bu araştırma neticesinde spor yapan öğrencilerin sportif karakterlerinin saptanarak amaçları doğrultusunda hedeflerine yönelik değerlendirmeler yapılabileceği söylenebilir.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN BAKTERI KANDIDAT PROBIOTIK Bacillus methylothropicus pada PAKAN BUATAN TERHADAP PROFIL DARAH DAN PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) yang DIUJI TANTANG dengan BAKTERI Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Kurniawan Adi , Suminto Suminto , Haditomo Alfabetian 
Published: January 2020

Ikan nila (O.niloticus) merupakan salah satu komoditas ikan air tawar dengan nilai ekonomis penting dan mempunyai nutrisi yang cukup tinggi. Peningkatan produksi budidaya dapat dilakukan dengan efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan sebagai upaya memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi ikan nila. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan yaitu penggunaan enzim eksogenus dengan penambahan probiotik penghasil enzim ke dalam pakan yang mampu meningkatkan efisiensi pakan karena lebih mudah dicerna dan enzim dapat bekerja lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan dan respons imun ikan nila. B.methylotrophicus merupakan salah satu kandidat bakteri probiotik yang diduga mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan respon imun ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penambahan bakteri kandidat probiotik B.methylotrophicus pada pakan buatan terhadap efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan, pertumbuhan, rasio konversi pakan, kelulushidupan, serta pengaruhnya terhadap gejala klinis, profil darah ikan nila (O.niloticus) yang diuji tantang terhadap A. hydrophila. Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah ikan nila (O.niloticus) dengan bobot rata-rata 14,43±0,11 g. Metode penelitian yaitu eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri atas 4 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan yaitu perlakuan A (0 CFU/mL), B (105 CFU/mL), C (107 CFU/mL) dan D (109 CFU/mL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap laju pertumbuhan relatif (RGR) dan kelulushidupan (SR) namun tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan (EPP) dan rasio konversi pakan (FCR) ikan nila (O.niloticus). Hasil berpengaruh terhadap dinamika profil darah ikan nila (O.niloticus) yang diuji tantang dengan gejala klinis menunjukkan adanya infeksi. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa B.methylotrophicus mampu menghambat pertumbuhan A.hydrophila secara in vitro, dan belum mendapat hasil maksimal pada 109 CFU/mL.
Modelling broad emission lines in active galactic nuclei
Authors: Czerny Bozena 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Broad Emission Lines are the most characteristic features of Active Galaxies, but the mechanism of creating a medium able to emit these intense lines is not quite clear. Observations clearly indicate that the motion of the material is predominantly Keplerian, with traces of inflow and clear signatures of outflow, but this still does not point out whether the lines partially come from the disk surface, or exclusively from the circumnuclear material, and whether this material originates from the disk as a wind, or comes, at least partially, from outside. I review the basic scenarios for the formation of the Broad Line Region (BLR), and the recent progress in modelling the physical conditions in he emitting medium. The current state is the outer radius of the BLR is fixed by the dust sublimation temperature in the medium exposed to the irradiation from the central source, the inner radius is likely fixed by the dust sublimation temperature in the atmosphere of the non-illuminated accretion disk, and the local cloud density is a universal number fixed by the radiation pressure confinement. The time-dependent aspects of the BLR formation, however, still wait for serious modelling effort matching the quality of the observational data.
Keeping Safe Distance: Chapters from Randomised (Non)Application of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights before Polish Constitutional Tribunal
Authors: Kustra-Rogatka Aleksandra , Hamuľák Ondrej 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe question of the application and impact of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU (‘Charter’) in quotidian practice of human rights protection and review is a strategic one. Given the predominantly decentralised effects of EU law and with the due account to the wide interpretation of the scope of the Charter’s application (Art. 51(1)) presented by the CJEU (C-617/10 Fransson), the national dimension of the application of the Charter forms the crucial issue for the functioning of the EU system of fundamental rights protection. The Charter itself has a big potential to influence the content, nature and mechanisms of the fundamental rights protection at the national level. The present paper focuses on this phenomena in connection to the case-law, opinions and workload of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal (‘TK’). It analyses the approach of TK towards the Charter in abstract manner as well as the (non)appearance of the Charter in the reasoning of the court in concrete cases. The article reports on the main cases and analyses the reasons of the aloof approach of the TK towards the EU human rights catalogue.
Democracy and Economic Development: Disentangling the Effect of Elections and Rule of Law
Authors: Bakkar Yassine , Ögcem Ali Recayi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The article provides evidence on how the political settlements—rule of law and elections—would affect the economic development and enhances the economic growth. It empirically investigates whether democracy affects the economic convergence of countries through the quality of institutions: (i) electoral component of democracy, and (ii) rule of law parameters. Investigations differentiate between Islamic and non-Islamic countries. We find that the elections parameter has a first-order effect on economic development; such a relationship is not confirmed for Islamic countries. Rule of law also influences this relationship, but brings less efficient impact to the economic development. Our results are obtained using a sample of 167 countries over the 2010–2012 period.
Intercultural communicative competence: Are Greek EFL teachers ready?
Authors: Petosi Evangelia , Karras Ioannis 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOver the years and because of globalization, English has undoubtedly become an international language, a lingua franca. In this interconnected context, a new reality for the EFL educators has arisen: the need to prepare learners for intercultural encounters, that is being able to learn and use English, for effective and appropriate interaction with other native or non-native speakers of English worldwide. It is, thus, imperative that teachers become aware of the importance of this competence so they can adapt their teaching approaches and incorporate them in the EFL classroom.This exploratory study investigated the beliefs and attitudes of EFL teachers, with regards to incorporating intercultural communicative competence (ICC) in their classroom. The aim of this study was to gain more understanding of the current status of teaching English for Intercultural Communication in the Greek EFL state classroom in terms of teachers’ understandings and attitudes towards cultural teaching and ICC. To this end, an online questionnaire with closed questions was employed to collect data from sixty-two EFL teachers teaching at Greek state schools. Statistical analyses showed that EFL teachers have high appreciation of integrating ICC in English teaching. Moreover, they seem highly value the affective and behavioural components of this competence. These findings are hoped to contribute to a better understanding of intercultural teaching in ELT so that implications should be made to enhance the quality of ELT in Greece.
Hygrothermal recovery of compression wood in relation to DMSO swelling and drying shrinkage
Authors: Chen Shuoye , Matsuo-Ueda Miyuki , Yoshida Masato , Yamamoto Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTo understand the irreversible dimensional changes caused by hygrothermal treatment of green wood, i.e. hygrothermal recovery (HTR), green hinoki compression wood (CW) and normal wood (NW) were hygrothermally (HT) treated in water at 100°C for 120 min and their HTR strains were determined. The specimens were then swollen using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and then completely dried after solvent exchange with water at room temperature. Their HTR strains were then compared with their DMSO swelling and drying shrinkage strains. The volumetric HTR strains in the CW were about twice as large as those in the NW. Moreover, the microfibril angle (MFA) was found to be an important factor for controlling the HTR intensity. A clear commonality between the HTR behavior and both DMSO swelling and drying shrinkage behavior was identified, which indicates that HTR is caused by volumetric changes in the matrix substances. HTR has been defined as a phenomenon due to the release of locked-in growth stress when a wood specimen is HT treated. To determine whether DMSO treatment has a similar effect as hygrothermal treatment, both HT-untreated and HT-treated specimens were swollen using DMSO, and their dimensional changes during and after DMSO treatment were compared. The results showed that DMSO treatment is a possible alternative for releasing the locked-in growth stress.
Correlation between biofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern toward extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and non-ESBL-producing uropathogenic bacteria
Authors: Hasan Md. Emam , Shahriar Asif , Shams Fariza , Nath Aninda Kumar , Emran Talha Bin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infection encountered worldwide and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Methods
The present study was undertaken to investigate the biofilm-forming ability, antibiotic susceptibility patterns and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production of seven uropathogenic isolates comprising both Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The morphological, cultural and biochemical tests for the identification of the isolates, antibiotic susceptibility test, detection of ESBL production, biofilm formation on 96-well microtiter plate and Congo red agar (CRA) media are performed.

Results
The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles obtained in this study showed that the most active drugs gentamicin, amikacin and imipenem (100% sensitivity) were followed by amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (85% sensitivity), co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin (57% sensitivity) ceftazidime and kanamycin (50% sensitivity). All the isolates showed resistance to amoxicillin followed by ceftriaxone and cefotaxime (71% resistance), and the scenario gets more complicated because of the production of ESBL by five isolates (three E. coli isolates and two K. pneumoniae). The strains were also able to form biofilm as tested on CRA medium and by microtiter plate assay. The correlation between ESBL, non-ESBL and biofilm-producing E. coli and K. pneumonia was determined along with the multiple drug resistance patterns of E. coli and K. pneumonia.

Conclusions
The findings of the study indicate that the emergence and rapid spread of such multidrug-resistant pathogens are of great concern. Early detection of ESBL-producing pathogen is of paramount clinical importance; therefore, strict infection control practices as well as therapeutic guidance for confirmed infection can be rapidly initiated.
Gender-based differences in the clustering of metabolic syndrome factors in children and adolescents
Authors: Calcaterra Valeria , Larizza Daniela , De Silvestri Annalisa , Albertini Riccardo , Vinci Federica , Regalbuto Corrado , Dobbiani Giulia , Montalbano Chiara , Pelizzo Gloria , Cena Hellas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
We depicted gender-differences in metabolic syndrome (MS) clustering before and after puberty in pediatrics, in order to develop gender specific preventive strategies for childhood obesity.

Methods
We considered 1079 children and adolescents (529 females and 550 males; mean age 11.5 ± 2.8 year). According to body mass index (BMI) percentiles the subjects were classified as normal weight BMI <75th, overweight BMI 75–95th and with obesity BMI >95th. MS was diagnosed when three of the following criteria for age and sex percentiles were met: BMI >95th, triglycerides (TGs) level >95th, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) level <5th, blood pressure (blood pressure) >95th percentile, fasting blood glucose (FBG) >100 mg/dL and/or homeostatic model assessment- insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) >97.5th percentile.

Results
The prevalence of dismetabolic factors was similar in both genders, except for pathological BP, which was higher in males (p = 0.02). MS was detected only in patients with obesity, with a higher prevalence in pubertal than late/post-pubertal subjects (p < 0.001), without any significant difference between gender. In pre-puberty, the most common MS combination was obesity (HBMI) + hypertension (HBP) + hyperglycemia/insulin resistance (HGLY/IR) followed by HBMI + low HDL-levels (LHDL) + HGLY/IR versus HBMI + HBP + HGLY/IR followed by HBMI + HBP + LHDL, respectively, in females and males. In the early and late/post-pubertal periods, the most prevalent combination remained similar to pre-puberty, additionally in both sexes other combinations, such as HBMI + HTG + HBP + HGLY/IR, HBMI +  HBP + LHDL + HGLY/IR, HBMI + HTG + LHDL + HGLY/IR and HBMI + HTG + LHDL + HBP + HGLY/IR were also detected, differently distributed in males and females.

Conclusions
We confirm that MS is an important consequence related to obesity, particularly in the post-puberty stage. Some gender-based differences should be considered early in order to identify specific preventive and treatment strategies.
Relative leptin deficiency in children with severe early-onset obesity (SEOO) – results of the Early-onset Obesity and Leptin – German-Polish Study (EOL-GPS)
Authors: Zachurzok Agnieszka , Ranke Michael B. , Flehmig Bertram , Jakubek-Kipa Katarzyna , Marcinkiewicz Katarzyna , Mazur Artur , Petriczko Elzbieta , Pridzun Lutz , von Schnurbein Julia , Walczak Mieczyslaw , Malecka-Tendera Ewa , Wabitsch Martin , Brandt Stephanie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Severe early-onset obesity (SEOO) in children is a common feature of monogenic obesity. Gene defects of the leptin-melanocortin pathway can be analysed biochemically and genetically. The aim of this study was to search for children with leptin deficiency or biologically inactive leptin in a cohort of children with SEOO and to study associations between leptin parameters and anthropometric data.

Methods
The cohort included n = 50 children with SEOO (22 boys) who were recruited at one of four study centres (Germany: Ulm; Poland: Katowice, Szczecin, Rzeszow) between October 2015 and October 2017. Weight (kg) and height (m) were measured, Tanner stage was obtained and a fasting serum blood sample was taken. Serum levels of total leptin (LEP, ng/mL), biologically active leptin (bioLEP, ng/mL) and soluble leptin receptor (sLEPR, ng/mL) were measured. The body mass index (BMI [kg/m2]), BMI z-score (World Health Organization [WHO]), quotient of bioLEP/LEP and leptin-standard deviation score (LEP-SDS) (Tanner stage, BMI and sex-adjusted) were calculated.

Results
We did not find any child with leptin deficiency or biologically inactive leptin in our cohort. The serum LEP and bioLEP levels were strongly correlated with age (r = 0.50, p < 0.05) and BMI (r = 0.70; p < 0.0001). Girls had higher LEP and bioLEP levels (49.7 ± 35.9 vs. 37.1 ± 25.5 ng/mL, p > 0.05) as well as lower LEP-SDS than boys (−1.77 ± 2.61 vs. −1.40 ± 2.60, p > 0.05). sLEPR levels were negatively correlated with BMI values (r = −0.44; p < 0.05), LEP (r = −0.39; p < 0.05) and bioLEP levels (r = −0.37; p < 0.05). Interestingly, there was a strong inverse relationship between LEP-SDS and BMI (r = −0.72, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
In this cohort with SEOO, we identified no new cases of children with leptin deficiency or bioinactive leptin. A strong negative correlation between the LEP-SDS and BMI values could be interpreted as relative leptin deficiency in children with SEOO. In case this hypothesis can be confirmed, these children would benefit from a substitution therapy with methionyl human leptin (metreleptin™).
Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy: an old-but-new technique for the investigation of electrolyte solutions
Authors: Hefter Glenn , Buchner Richard 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The use of dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) for studying electrolyte solutions is reviewed, focussing on the authors’ investigations over the last three decades. It is shown that this often-overlooked technique provides powerful insights into the nature of ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions. DRS is revealed to be particularly useful for detection of weak ion association and, due to its unique ability to detect solvent-separated species, the quantitation of ion pairing. It is demonstrated that DRS correctly determines chemical speciation for ion-paired systems where major spectroscopic techniques (NMR, Raman, UV-vis) fail. DRS also provides important insights into ion solvation. In aqueous solutions, it has been used to build up a coherent set of ‘effective’ hydration numbers for ions based on the dynamics of proximate water molecules, and has a unique ability to detect ‘slow’ water resulting from hydrophilic and hydrophobic hydration of solutes. DRS has been especially useful for characterising the behaviour of ionic liquids (ILs), e.g. showing they possess rather low dielectric constants and, surprisingly, contain no significant concentrations of ion pairs. Neat ILs and their mixtures with molecular solvents are shown by ultra-broadband DRS to exhibit extremely complicated behaviour especially at frequencies in the THz region.
A review of recent progress on electrocatalysts toward efficient glycerol electrooxidation
Authors: Alaba Peter Adeniyi , Lee Ching Shya , Abnisa Faisal , Aroua Mohamed Kheireddine , Cognet Patrick , Pérès Yolande , Wan Daud Wan Mohd Ashri 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Glycerol electrooxidation has attracted immense attention due to the economic advantage it could add to biodiesel production. One of the significant challenges for the industrial development of glycerol electrooxidation process is the search for a suitable electrocatalyst that is sustainable, cost effective, and tolerant to carbonaceous species, results in high performance, and is capable of replacing the conventional Pt/C catalyst. We review suitable, sustainable, and inexpensive alternative electrocatalysts with enhanced activity, selectivity, and durability, ensuring the economic viability of the glycerol electrooxidation process. The alternatives discussed here include Pd-based, Au-based, Ni-based, and Ag-based catalysts, as well as the combination of two or three of these metals. Also discussed here are the prospective materials that are yet to be explored for glycerol oxidation but are reported to be bifunctional (being capable of both anodic and cathodic reaction). These include heteroatom-doped metal-free electrocatalysts, which are carbon materials doped with one or two heteroatoms (N, B, S, P, F, I, Br, Cl), and heteroatom-doped nonprecious transition metals. Rational design of these materials can produce electrocatalysts with activity comparable to that of Pt/C catalysts. The takeaway from this review is that it provides an insight into further study and engineering applications on the efficient and cost-effective conversion of glycerol to value-added chemicals.