bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schema therapy versus cognitive behavioral therapy versus individual supportive therapy for depression in an inpatient and day clinic setting: study protocol of the OPTIMA-RCT
Authors: Kopf-Beck Johannes , Zimmermann Petra , Egli Samy , Rein Martin , Kappelmann Nils , Fietz Julia , Tamm Jeanette , Rek Katharina , Lucae Susanne , Brem Anna-Katharine , Sämann Philipp , Schilbach Leonhard , Keck Martin E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Major depressive disorder represents (MDD) a major cause of disability and disease burden. Beside antidepressant medication, psychotherapy is a key approach of treatment. Schema therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, especially personality disorders, in a variety of settings and patient groups. Nevertheless, there is no evidence on its effectiveness for MDD in an inpatient nor day clinic setting and little is known about the factors that drive treatment response in such a target group.

Methods
In the current protocol, we outline OPTIMA (OPtimized Treatment Identification at the MAx Planck Institute): a single-center randomized controlled trial of schema therapy as a treatment approach for MDD in an inpatient and day clinic setting. Over the course of 7 weeks, we compare schema therapy with cognitive behavioral therapy and individual supportive therapy, conducted in individual and group sessions and with no restrictions regarding concurrent antidepressant medication, thus approximating real-life treatment conditions. N = 300 depressed patients are included. All study therapists undergo a specific training and supervision and therapy adherence is assessed. Primary outcome is depressive symptom severity as self-assessment (Beck Depression Inventory-II) and secondary outcomes are clinical ratings of MDD (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale), recovery rates after 7 weeks according to the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview, general psychopathology (Brief Symptom Inventory), global functioning (World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule), and clinical parameters such as dropout rates. Further parameters on a behavioral, cognitive, psychophysiological, and biological level are measured before, during and after treatment and in 2 follow-up assessments after 6 and 24 months after end of treatment.

Discussion
To our knowledge, the OPTIMA-Trial is the first to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy as a treatment approach of MDD, to investigate mechanisms of change, and explore predictors of treatment response in an inpatient and day clinic setting by using such a wide range of parameters. Insights from OPTIMA will allow more integrative approaches of psychotherapy of MDD. Especially, the identification of intervention-specific markers of treatment response can improve evidence-based clinical decision for individualizing treatment.

Trial registration
Identifier on clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03287362; September, 12, 2017
States with fewer criminalizing immigrant policies have smaller health care inequities between citizens and noncitizens
Authors: Young Maria-Elena De Trinidad , Beltrán-Sánchez Hiram , Wallace Steven P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
In the last thirty years, major shifts in immigrant policy at national and state levels has heightened boundaries among citizens, permanent residents, and those with other statuses. While there is mounting evidence that citizenship influences immigrant health care inequities, there has been less focus on how policies that reinforce citizenship stratification may shape the extent of these inequities. We examine the extent to which the relationship between citizenship and health care inequities is moderated by state-level criminalization policies.

Methods
Taking a comparative approach, we assess how distinct criminalization policy contexts across US states are associated with inequitable access to care by citizenship status. Utilizing a data set with state-level measures of criminalization policy and individual-level measures of having a usual source of care from the National Health Interview Survey, we use mixed-effects logistic regression models to assess the extent to which inequities in health care access between noncitizens and US born citizens vary depending on states’ criminalization policies.

Results
Each additional criminalization policy was associated with a lower odds that noncitizens in the state had a usual source of care, compared to US born citizens.

Conclusion
Criminalization policies shape the construction of citizenship stratification across geography, such as exacerbating inequities in health care access by citizenship.
Impact evaluation of scripted lesson plans for HIV-related content in a life orientation curriculum: results from two provinces in South Africa
Authors: Speizer Ilene S. , Mandal Mahua , Xiong Khou , Makina Ndinda , Hattori Aiko , Durno Darryn 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Young people under age 25 years are a key population at risk of unintended pregnancies, HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. School-based programming, focusing on youth under 17 years is strategic given that many in this age group are in school or are required to be in school and spend a considerable amount of their time at school. Prior evaluations of school-based HIV prevention programs for young people often employed weak study designs or lacked biomarkers (e.g., HIV or STI testing) to inform outcomes.

Methods
This study used longitudinal data collected in 2016 from a cohort of grade-8 girls from Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal Provinces in South Africa. We followed them for 2 years to examine the impact of the South African Department of Basic Education’s revised scripted lesson plans for the HIV and sexual content of a “life orientation” curriculum on knowledge, attitudes, condom use behaviors, pregnancy incidence, and genital herpes incidence. Schools were randomized to intervention and control arms. Multivariable analyses were undertaken using hazard modeling for incidence-based outcomes (genital herpes and pregnancy) and generalized linear latent and mixed modeling for outcomes measured at each time period (knowledge, attitudes, and condom use).

Results
At end line, 105 schools were included from the two provinces (44 from Mpumalanga and 61 from KwaZulu-Natal). Fifty-five were intervention and fifty were control schools. A total of 2802 girls were surveyed at both time periods (1477 intervention and 1325 control). At baseline, participating girls were about 13.6 years; by end line, they were about 2 years older. Longitudinal data demonstrated few differences between intervention and control groups on knowledge, attitudes, condom use, genital herpes, and pregnancy experience. Monitoring data demonstrated that the program was not implemented as intended. Our results demonstrated 7% incidence of genital herpes in the two-year follow-up period indicating sexual risk-taking among our cohort.

Conclusions
We did not find significant effects of the revised life orientation curriculum on key outcomes; however, this may reflect poor implementation. Future HIV prevention programs for young people need to be implemented with fidelity to ensure they meet the crucial needs of the next generation.
Trial Registration: This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. The trial registration number is: NCT04205721. The trial was retrospectively registered on December 18, 2019.
Transtheoretical model-based nutritional interventions in adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Nakabayashi Jennifer , Melo Giselle Rha-isa , Toral Natacha 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Literature has shown a tendency of inadequate dietary intake among youth, consequently, nutritional interventions are required. The transtheoretical model (TTM) classifies individuals based on their readiness to change. This model is widely used for health education interventions with proven efficacy.

Purpose
This review aimed to weigh the strength of evidence about the TTM usage in nutritional interventions for adolescents and its effectiveness regarding dietary intake.

Methods
This study followed the PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies were input into Mendeley software. The Adolec, Google Scholar, LILACS, PsycINFO, PubMed, Science Direct and Web of Science databases were searched. Only full original articles written in English, Spanish or Portuguese on randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs that applied the TTM in the design of nutritional interventions targeting adolescents were included, with no restrictions on publication date. The quality and risk of bias was evaluated with the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies.

Results
The initial search yielded 3779 results. Three studies were rated as strong, six as moderate and five as weak. The final sample of 14 articles included adolescents that were mostly recruited from schools, with interventions ranging from one month to three years. The TTM was used alone or combined with other behavior-change theories and most of the interventions involved digital technology. The nutritional topics covered included fruit and vegetable consumption, low-fat diet, and cooking skills. Four studies presented improvement in fruit and vegetable consumption and four progressed through stages of change. Participants from two interventions reduced fat intake. At the end of one intervention, all the participants were in action and maintenance stages.

Conclusion
The TTM seems to be a successful strategy for nutritional intervention aiming at improving dietary intake in adolescents. Its application in different contexts shows that the TTM is flexible and possible to be implemented in many settings. The use of the model is shown to be restricted to the stage of change’ construct. Further studies should use all constructs of the TTM in the design and compare the TTM with other behavior-change theories to better understand its effectiveness.
Development and pilot evaluation of a mobile app on parent-child exercises to improve physical activity and psychosocial outcomes of Hong Kong Chinese children
Authors: Wong Rosa Sze Man , Yu Esther Yee Tak , Wong Thomson Wai-Lung , Fung Colman Siu Cheung , Choi Cynthia Sin Yi , Or Calvin Ka Lun , Liu Kiki Sze Nga , Wong Carlos King Ho , Ip Patrick , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Parent-child exercises involve children and parents to do workout together and have positive effects on physical and mental health. We developed a mobile app on parent-child exercises called Family Move, which combines coaching videos with game features such as points and level system to enhance the health and wellbeing of both children and parents through parent-child exercises. This pilot pre-post study investigated whether the Family Move app-based intervention had a positive effect on children’s health-related quality of life (HRQOL), psychosocial wellbeing, and physical activity (PA) level.

Methods
We recruited 67 parent-child pairs. During the 8-week intervention, these pairs were invited to perform parent-child exercises using the Family Move app. Points were automatically added to the user account after viewing a coaching video. In-game ranking was available to enhance user engagement. Parent proxy-report questionnaires on children’s HRQOL, psychosocial wellbeing, and PA were administered at baseline and 1- and 6-month follow-up. Paired samples t-tests were conducted to evaluate post-intervention changes in child outcomes (HRQOL, psychosocial wellbeing, and PA). Multiple linear regressions were used to examine these changes as a function of in-game ranking.

Results
52 (78%) viewed at least one coaching video in the Family Move app. Children’s PA level significantly increased at 1-month (d = 0.32, p = 0.030) and 6-month (d = 0.30, p = 0.042) follow-up, whereas their psychosocial problems declined at 6-month follow-up (d = 0.35, p = 0.005). Higher in-game ranking was significantly associated with fewer psychosocial problems at 1-month follow-up (β = − 0.15, p = 0.030).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the Family Move app could be a possible intervention to increase children’s PA level and psychosocial wellbeing through parent-child exercise.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03279354, registered September 11, 2017 (Prospectively registered).
Targeting family functioning, acculturative stress, and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption for obesity prevention: findings from the Hispanic community children’s health study/study of Latino youth
Authors: Figueroa Roger , Isasi Carmen R. , Perreira Krista M. , McClain Amanda C. , Gallo Linda C. , Sotres-Alvarez Daniela , Delamater Alan M. , Daviglus Martha , Van Horn Linda , Mattei Josiemer 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Maintaining a bond with one’s family as well coping with stress while acculturating to the US may protect Hispanic/Latino youth from increased sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption, which heightens the risk for overweight and obesity. This study aims to examine associations between acculturative stress, family functioning, and SSB consumption by acculturation status among U.S. Hispanic/Latino youth.

Methods
With cross-sectional data on 1465 youth 8-16y (49.6% females) participating in the Hispanic Community Children’s Health Study/Study of Latino Youth, we classified youths into four acculturation groups – assimilated, integrated, marginalized/separated, and unclassified. SSB consumption was assessed through two 24-h diet recalls and defined as intake frequency of soda, fruit juice, sweetened soft and fruit drinks. Multi-group path regression models were used to test associations of Hispanic/Latino youth’ acculturative stress and family functioning with SSB consumption, as well as the moderating role of acculturation status.

Results
When controlling for age, sex, and study site, acculturative stress (β = − 0.13, p = 0.01) was inversely associated with SSB, and poor family functioning (β = 0.11, p = 0.07) was only marginally associated with SSB consumption among youth classified as assimilated but not among youth classified as integrated, marginalized/separated, or unclassified.

Conclusions
A socio-ecological perspective that incorporates the role of key acculturation-related factors across multiple levels may aid efforts to identify mechanisms that influence the relationship between acculturation status and diet among Hispanic/Latino youth and their families.
Relationship between nerve conduction studies and the Functional Dexterity Test in workers with carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Sartorio Francesco , Dal Negro Francesca , Bravini Elisabetta , Ferriero Giorgio , Corna Stefano , Invernizzi Marco , Vercelli Stefano 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Dexterity impairments caused by carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) make working and daily activities challenging. We aimed to investigate: i) the relationship between dexterity and nerve conduction studies (NCS) in workers with classic symptoms presentation; ii) the ability of the Functional Dexterity Test (FDT) to discriminate different levels of CTS severity as classified by NCS; iii) the diagnostic accuracy of a clinical battery composed of the FDT, Phalen’s test and Tinel’s sign.

Methods
In a convenience sample of individuals diagnosed with CTS, we correlated FDT net scores with the NCS-based classification by means of Spearman’s (rho) test. Discriminative ability of the FDT was assessed by ANOVA, and a ROC curve determined cutoff thresholds. Sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios (LRs) were used to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the clinical battery.

Results
Data from 180 hands were collected. The FDT was significantly correlated (rho = 0.25, p <  0.001) with NCS. The FDT was able to discriminate subjects with severe/extreme NCS findings, and two thresholds (0.29–0.36) were identified. Adding the FDT to the provocative tests improved the overall diagnostic accuracy (specificity: 0.97, CI95% 0.83–0.99; LR+: 14.49, CI95% 2.09–100.53).

Conclusions
Sensorimotor impairments related to CTS can affect hand dexterity. The FDT discriminated patients with severe NCS involvement. Positive results on the clinical battery (Phalen, Tinel, and FDT) could help to confirm the CTS diagnosis, showing a very high specificity and LR+. On the contrary, the low sensitivity is not able to rule out CTS in individuals with negative results.
Neck pain patterns and subgrouping based on weekly SMS-derived trajectories
Authors: Irgens P. , Kongsted A. , Myhrvold B. L. , Waagan K. , Engebretsen K. B. , Natvig B. , Vøllestad N. K. , Robinson H. S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Neck and low back pain represent dynamic conditions that change over time, often with an initial improvement after the onset of a new episode, followed by flare-ups or variations in intensity. Pain trajectories were previously defined based on longitudinal studies of temporal patterns and pain intensity of individuals with low back pain. In this study, we aimed to 1) investigate if the defined patterns and subgroups for low back pain were applicable to neck pain patients in chiropractic practice, 2) explore the robustness of the defined patterns, and 3) investigate if patients within the various patterns differ concerning characteristics and clinical findings.

Methods
Prospective cohort study including 1208 neck pain patients from chiropractic practice. Patients responded to weekly SMS-questions about pain intensity and frequency over 43 weeks. We categorized individual responses into four main patterns based on number of days with pain and variations in pain intensity, and subdivided each into four subgroups based on pain intensity, resulting in 16 trajectory subgroups. We compared baseline characteristics and clinical findings between patterns and between Persistent fluctuating and Episodic subgroups.

Results
All but two patients could be classified into one of the 16 subgroups, with 94% in the Persistent fluctuating or Episodic patterns. In the largest subgroup, “Mild Persistent fluctuating” (25%), mean (SD) pain intensity was 3.4 (0.6) and mean days with pain 130. Patients grouped as “Moderate Episodic” (24%) reported a mean pain intensity of 2.7 (0.6) and 39 days with pain. Eight of the 16 subgroups each contained less than 1% of the cohort. Patients in the Persistent fluctuating pattern scored higher than the other patterns in terms of reduced function and psychosocial factors.

Conclusions
The same subgroups seem to fit neck and low back pain patients, with pain that typically persists and varies in intensity or is episodic. Patients in a Persistent fluctuating pattern are more bothered by their pain than those in other patterns. The low back pain definitions can be used on patients with neck pain, but with the majority of patients classified into 8 subgroups, there seems to be a redundancy in the original model.
Temporary pacemaker insertion for severe bradycardia following pneumoperitoneum during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a case report
Authors: Yamabe Fumito , Mitsui Yozo , Hoshino Orie , Shimizu Tomo , Kasahara Mizuki , Kobayashi Hideyuki , Nakajima Koichi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Pneumoperitoneum to maintain a constant gas flow to assist various surgeries is known to cause severe bradycardia and has been linked to heart failure;; however, a recent study demonstrated that it is not linked to poorer surgical outcomes; accordingly, it does not require routine preventive measures. Thus, whether there is a link between sudden bradycardia development and surgical procedures is controversial. We report the case of severe bradycardia that occurred along with a complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) during peritoneum creation in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).

Case presentation
A 72-year-old man presented at our hospital with prostate cancer and underwent RARP. After pneumoperitoneum, severe bradycardia and CAVB were observed; thus, the surgery was extended by inserting a temporary pacemaker (TPM).

Conclusion
Because of the difficulty in performing emergency procedures in robot-assisted surgeries, the current case is reported to provide an awareness that surgeons should be cautious of the possible complication of bradycardia and CAVB during such operations, and thus should take steps necessary for managing induction of such conditions.
Meta-analysis of neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared to radical cystectomy alone in improving overall survival of muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients
Authors: Hamid Agus Rizal A. H. , Ridwan Fanny Riana , Parikesit Dyandra , Widia Fina , Mochtar Chaidir Arif , Umbas Rainy 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Most patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) developed metastasis within 2 years, even after radical cystectomy (RC). The recurrence rate of MIBC was more than 50% of the cases. A meta-analysis conducted by Yin et al. showed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) + RC improves overall survival in MIBC compared with RC only. However, a new meta-analysis by Li et al. concluded that NAC + RC was not superior to RC only in improving overall survival. The inconsistencies of these studies required further comprehensive analysis to recommend NAC use in bladder cancer treatment. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to analyze previous studies that compare the efficacy of NAC + RC versus RC only to improve overall survival of MIBC.

Methods
The articles were searched using Pubmed with keywords “muscle-invasive bladder cancer”, “neoadjuvant chemotherapy”, “cystectomy”, and “overall survival”. The articles that were published until June 2020 were screened. The overall survival outcome was analyzed as hazard ratio (HR) and presented in a forest plot.

Result
Seventeen studies were included in meta-analysis with a total sample of 13,391 patients, consist of 2890 received NAC followed by RC and 10,418 underwent RC only. Two studies used methotrexate/vinblastine/doxorubicin/cisplatin (MVAC), two studies used gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC), one study used Cisplatin-based regimen, one study used MVAC or GC, one study used gemcitabine/carboplatin (GCarbo) or GC or MVAC, one study used Cisplatin/Gemcitabine or MVAC, one study used Cisplatin only, one study used Cisplatin-based (GC, MVAC) or non-Cisplatin-based (combined paclitaxel/gemcitabine/carboplatin), one study used GC, MVAC, Carboplatin, or Gemcitabine/Nedaplatin (GN), and five studies did not mention the regimen The overall survival in the NAC + RC only group was significantly better than the RC only group (HR 0.82 [0.71–0.95], p = 0.009).

Conclusion
NAC + RC is recommended to improve overall survival in MIBC patients. A further study assessing side effects and quality of life regarding NAC + RC is needed to establish a strong recommendation regarding this therapy.