bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare disease awareness and perspectives of physicians in China: a questionnaire-based study
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Zhang Xiangyu , Zhang Shu , Lu Zijuan , Zhang Jianyong , Zhou Jincheng , Li Bingzhe , Ou Li 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

There are over 16.8 million rare disease patients in China, representing a significant challenge for the healthcare system and society. Rare disease patients often experience delayed diagnosis, misdiagnosis, or improper treatment, which may be due to the lack of rare disease awareness among physicians.

Results

A total of 224 physicians from different hospitals in China participated in the questionnaire, and 9 rare disease experts were interviewed with open-ended questions. Most physicians (83.5%) were from Tertiary hospitals, which have over 500 beds. Only 5.3% of physicians were moderately or well aware of rare diseases. Most physicians (80.1%) had suspected their patients to have rare diseases less than 3 times. There was a strong support for special legislations for rare diseases and orphan drugs. Further, multinomial logistic regression (MLR) was used to determine whether hospitals, gender, and career length has an impact on perspectives and awareness. It was shown that male physicians were more likely to think newborn screening is important (p<0.05). The longer the career length is, the more likely physicians believe that their previous education has not provided sufficient information about rare diseases and that their hospital has paid enough attention to rare diseases. Physicians from Tertiary A hospitals were more likely to rate the affordability of orphan drugs high. In addition, nine experts believed that rare disease awareness is essential for early diagnosis and timely treatment. These experts also made recommendations on how to improve rare disease awareness through medical school education and continuing training.

Conclusions

Our study highlighted the importance of improving rare disease awareness among physicians in China. Recommendations about how to improve rare disease awareness in medical school education and establish an online ‘information hub’ are made for considerations of policy-makers.
Environmental politics and policy adaptation in China: the case of water sector reform
Authors: Moore Scott , Yu Winston 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMuch of the literature on China's successful adaptation to the policy challenges posed by economic development credits two principle approaches, gradualism and local experimentation. However, the extent to which these approaches aid policy adaptation to environmental policy challenges is less well explored. This article examines how these approaches have shaped policy adaptation in water resources management by presenting data on ambitious water policy reforms that are, to our knowledge, new to the English-language scholarly literature. While gradualism and local experimentation have aided in the adoption of economic mechanisms like water pricing reform and water rights trading to regulate water use, institutional reforms have been undermined by an over-reliance on central control and direction. This phenomenon, which we call hierarchy, constrains China's ability to address diffuse, inter-jurisdictional and multi-sectoral water management challenges like nonpoint source pollution, and may inhibit its ability to address similarly complex sustainable development challenges into the future.
INTERPRETAÇÃO DA PAISAGEM DO SEMIÁRIDO PIAUIENSE: PRÁTICA DE CAMPO NO MUNICÍPIO DE PRATA DO PIAUÍ E NA CIDADE DE PEDRAS
Authors: Sousa Francisco Wellington de Araújo , Costa Géssica Maria Mesquita Monteiro , Sousa Glécia Maria de Carvalho , Lima Iracilde Maria de Moura Fé 
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo teve como objetivo caracterizar as paisagens de trechos visitados nas atividades de campo, em Prata do Piauí e na Cidade de Pedras, buscando identificar sua adequação, ou não, à classificação de espaços semiáridos, a partir dos critérios de tipos climáticos e cobertura vegetal utilizado pela literatura para definir a região semiárida brasileira. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram embasados na abordagem dialética que teve início com a discussão em sala de aula, em momentos de articulação dos roteiros de observação nos municípios citados. Durante os trabalhos de campo utilizou-se do caráter descritivo-exploratório por meio de mapas, preenchimento de fichas, uso do aparelho Global Positioning System (GPS) e câmera fotográfica. Em laboratório fez-se uso do software Qgis para trabalhar os dados e informações levantados. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, foi realizada a caracterização fisiográfica e a observação de forma comparativa, como subsídio à análise das paisagens locais em relação à conceituação de ambiente semiárido.
Mutations of mtDNA in some Vascular and Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Sazonova Margarita A. , Ryzhkova Anastasia I. , Sinyov Vasily V. , Sazonova Marina D. , Kirichenko Tatiana V. , Doroschuk Natalya A. , Karagodin Vasily P. , Orekhov Alexander N. , Sobenin Igor A. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The present review article considers some chronic diseases of vascular and metabolic
genesis, the causes of which may be mitochondrial dysfunction. Very often, in the long course of the disease,
complications may occur, leading to myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke and, as a result, death. In particular,
a large percentage of human deaths nowadays belongs to cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart
disease (CHD), arterial hypertension, cardiomyopathies, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective:
The aim of the present review was the analysis of literature sources, devoted to an investigation of a
link of mitochondrial DNA mutations with chronic diseases of vascular and metabolic genesis.

Results:
The analysis of literature indicates the association of the mitochondrial genome mutations with coronary
heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and various types of cardiomyopathies.

Conclusion:
The detected mutations can be used to analyze the predisposition to chronic diseases of vascular and
metabolic genesis. They can also be used to create molecular-cell models necessary to evaluate the effectiveness
of drugs developed for the treatment of these pathologies. MtDNA mutations associated with the absence of diseases
of vascular and metabolic genesis could be potential candidates for gene therapy of the said diseases.
Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein via Natural Compounds: A Multilayered High Throughput Virtual Screening Approach
Authors: Dhasmana Anupam , Kashyap Vivek K. , Dhasmana Swati , Kotnala Sudhir , Haque Shafiul , Ashraf Ghulam Md. , Jaggi Meena , Yallapu Murali M. , Chauhan Subhash C. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Previously human society has faced various unprecedented pandemics in the history and
viruses have majorly held the responsibilities of those outbreaks. Furthermore, due to amplified global connection
and speedy modernization, epidemic outbreaks caused by novel and re-emerging viruses signify potential risk to
community health. Despite great advancements in immunization and drug discovery processes, various viruses
still lack prophylactic vaccines and efficient antiviral therapies. Although, vaccine is a prophylaxes option, but it
cannot be applied to infected patients, hence therapeutic interventions are urgently needed to control the ongoing
global SARS- CoV-2 pandemic condition. To spot the novel antiviral therapy is of decisive importance and
Mother Nature is an excellent source for such discoveries.

Methodology:
In this article, prompt high through-put virtual screening for vetting the best possible drug candidates
from natural compounds’ databases has been implemented. Herein, time tested rigorous multi-layered drug
screening process to narrow down 66,969 natural compounds for the identification of potential lead(s) is implemented.
Druggability parameters, different docking approaches and neutralization tendency of the natural products
were employed in this study to screen the best possible natural compounds from the digital libraries.

Conclusion:
The results of this study conclude that compounds PALA and HMCA are potential inhibitors of
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and can be further explored for experimental validation. Overall, the methodological
approach reported in this article can be suitably used to find the potential drug candidates against SARS-CoV2 in
the burning situation of COVID-19 with less expenditure and a concise span of time.
Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Benzo[b]thiophene
Authors: Duc Dau Xuan 
Published: August 2020

Benzo[b]thiophenes are aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing benzene
and thiophene rings. This class of heterocycles is present in a large number of natural and
non-natural compounds. Benzo[b]thiophene derivatives have a broad range of applications in
medicinal chemistry such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-HIV and antiinflammatory
activities. The use of benzo[b]thiophene derivatives in other fields has also been
reported. Various benzo[b]thiophenes compounds have been employed as organic photoelectric
materials, while several benzo[b]thiophenes have been used as organic semiconductors.
Benzo[b]thiophenes have also been used as building blocks or intermediates for the synthesis
of pharmaceutically important molecules.

:
Due to such a wide range of applicability, the synthesis of benzo[b]thiophene derivatives has
attracted intensive research. Numerous mild and efficient approaches for the synthesis of
benzo[b]thiophenes have been developed over the years. Different catalysts and substrates have been applied for
benzo[b]thiophene synthesis. This review will focus on the studies in the construction of benzo[b]thiophene skeleton,
which date back from 2012.
Bibliometric Analysis of Current Drug Metabolism: The Twentieth Anniversary from 2000-2019
Authors: Hassan Waseem , Kamdem Jean Paul , Kamal Mohammad Amjad , da Rocha Joao Batista Teixeira 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Scopus is regularly covering Current Drug Metabolism from 2000 onwards.

Objective:
The major objective is to perform the 1st bibliometric analysis of Current Drug Metabolism (CDM).

Methods:
The data was retrieved from Scopus in April-May 2020 for detail analysis.

Results:
The total number of publications was found to be 1551, with 955 reviews (61.57%) and 466 articles
(30.05%). From 2000 onwards, we calculated the relative growth rate and doubling time. Based on the number of
publications, total 4418 authors, 3235 institutions and 83 countries were directly involved in all publications. M.A.
Kamal is the highly productive scientist with fifty-three (53 or 3.73%) publications, King Abdulaziz University is the
top university with the highest number of publications (58 or 4.13%) and the USA is the top-ranked country with 365
publications (25.96%). We also provided the h-index, total citations (TC), h-index without self-citations (WSC) and
total WSC of the top ten authors, universities and countries. In citations analysis, Prof. Zhou S.F. was the top scientist
with the highest (1594) number of citations. In institutional category Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck
Research Laboratories, Rahway, United States, is the top ranked institutes with 654 total citations. While, United
States is the top-ranked country with 18409 total citations. In co-words analysis, 3387, 30564 and 17333 terms in
titles of the manuscripts, abstracts and keywords were recorded, respectively. This indicated that CDM principally
focused on understanding drug development ranging from its efficacy to delivery, metabolism, distribution, safety
and mechanism of actions. Similarly, various specific drugs were thoroughly discussed in publications. Various
enzymatic, genetics, proteins and cancer-related aspects were also described. For data presentations, we used
VOSviewer graphical maps.

Conclusion:
The data confirm that CDM showed continuous growth in the number of publications and citations.
However significant measures are needed to make overall progress and improve the rankings in relevant categories.
Propofol Protects Against TNF-α-induced Blood-brain Barrier Disruption via the PIM-1/eNOS/NO Pathway
Authors: Lu Yan , Xu Zhendong , Shen Fuyi , Lin Rong , Li Haibing , Lv Xiang , Liu Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The Inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), disrupts
blood-brain barrier (BBB). Propofol reportedly exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in the central nervous
system.

Objective:
We hypothesized that propofol could provide a protective effect against TNF-α-induced
disruption in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3 cells) and explored the
underlying mechanisms.

Methods:
The hCMEC/D3 cell monolayers were pretreated with propofol, followed by TNF-α
treatment. The integrity of BBB was reflected by assessing the trans-endothelial electrical resistance
(TEER) and determining the expression of proteins within tight junctions (TJs). The effect of
propofol on TNF-α-modulated nitric oxide production was measured by a nitrate reductase assay
kit. The expression of ZO-1, claudin-5, occludin, TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2),
proviral-integration site for Moloney murine leukaemia virus (PIM)-1kinase, the phosphorylation
of endothelial nitric oxide synthase at ser633 (peNOS-ser633) were detected by western blot.

Results:
In hCMEC/D3 cells, TNF-α treatment markedly disrupted the integrity of BBB. Further,
we found TNF-α treatment could increase the expression of PIM-1, then activate the phosphorylation
of eNOS and induce the release of nitric oxide (NO). More importantly, we found that TNF-
α-impaired BBB integrity could be reversed by propofol.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that the PIM-1/eNOS/NO pathway plays a vital role, in which
Propofol protects against TNF-α-induced blood-brain barrier disruption.
Microwave-Induced Ugi-Four Component Reactions: Synthesis of New Hetero- Steroid-Amino Acid Conjugates
Authors: Borah Preetismita , Sahoo Biswa Mohan , Shivling Vhatkar Dattatraya , Banik Bimal Krishna 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Aza-steroids are an important class of compounds because of their numerous biological
activities. The hetero steroids have different hydrogen bonding ability and hydrophobicity in comparison to steroids.

Materials and Methods:
Microwave-induced synthesis of a novel type of hybrid hetero-steroid amine conjugates,
following Ugi-four component reactions of steroidal amines with alanine and valine methyl esters as amino
acid residues is described. Specifically, hetero-steroid-amino acid conjugate based on D-ring fused hetero steroidal
amine, hetero-steroid-amino acid conjugate based on A-ring hetero steroidal amine, and hetero-steroidamino
acid conjugate based on B-ring hetero steroidal amine are synthesized.

Results and Discussion:
The yield of the products under microwave-induced process was considerably higher
than that obtained by the conventional method. In contrast to the conventional method for the synthesis of these
molecules, microwave-induced method has several advantages.

Conclusion:
These include rapid reaction, a superior yield of the product, minimum side reaction, and economical
microwave-induced process.
Design, Synthesis and Insecticidal Activity of 3-(Ethylsulfonyl)-Pyridines Bearing Trifluoromethyl-Oxadiazole Fragment
Authors: Zhong Liangkun , Yuan Jing , Pei Dan , Liu Xinghai , Xu Tianming , Tan Chengxia 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Oxadiazole fragment is one of the most prevalent structures in biochemicals,
especially in the research of new pesticides. It is necessary to develop new insecticides with a
different mode of action for the treatment of insecticide resistance problems. And, it is worth exploring
the new active insecticidal lead structures with oxadiazole fragments.

Methods:
We used a “splicing up” method introducing the trifluoromethyl-oxadiazole moiety to 3-
(ethylsulfonyl)-pyridine structure, and replaced the 6-position on the pyridine ring by different substituted
amines. Then, a series of novel 3-(ethylsulfonyl)-pyridines containing trifluoromethyloxadiazole
moiety were designed and synthesized. All these title compounds were confirmed by 1H
NMR, 13C NMR and ESI-MS.

Results:
The primary insecticidal activity results indicated that some of them (A1-A7, A10, A13-
A14) exhibited good mortality against Mythimna separate at 500 mg/L (80-100%), and compounds
A13 and A14 have moderate insecticidal activity against M. separate at 250 mg/L (50-55%).

Discussion:
The bioassay results showed that the designed compounds did not achieve excellent
insecticidal activity by introducing the potential oxadiazole fragment. Therefore, it seems that the
special physicochemical properties of the oxadiazole fragment should be considered in fragment
splicing-based design.

Conclusion:
According to the bioassay studies, the results revealed that compounds A13 and A14
may provide useful information for further designing of efficient insecticides.
The Presentation of Older People with Vertebral Fragility Fractures to a University Hospital: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Ong Terence , bin Syed Ali Syed Ajmal , Sahota Opinder 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:
There is a lack of robust data on hospitalised acute vertebral fragility fractures.
This analysis aimed to report on the number of hospitalised vertebral fragility fractures treated
in a large UK teaching hospital. This information would support better design of hospital services
and resource allocation to manage this group of patients.

Methods:
Patients aged 50 years and over hospitalised with a vertebral fragility fracture from
1/2/2016 to 31/1/2017 were identified from radiology and hospital records. Patients sustaining vertebral
fractures due to either major trauma or malignancy were excluded. Data was collected on patient
demographics, fracture details, hospitalisation details and health outcomes.

Results:
208 patients with acute vertebral fragility fractures were hospitalised over a 12 month period.
The mean (SD) age was 80.5 (11) years, of which 68% were female. 94% presented to the
Emergency Department (ED) as their first point of contact, of which 70% were subsequently hospitalised.
Two-thirds presented with a single level vertebral fracture predominantly around the thoracolumbar
region. The majority (87%) were non-operatively managed by general physicians, of
which most were under Geriatric Medicine. The median length of stay was 12 (IQR 6-20) days and
inpatient mortality was 3%. 52% of patients went on to have a bone health assessment.

Conclusion:
We have reported on the number of patients presenting to hospital with an acute vertebral
fragility fracture over 12 months. This helps identify resources needed to design hospital services
to manage them adequately.
The Relationship Between Self-esteem and Sexual Dysfunction in Women at Reproductive Ages: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Tayebi Naeimeh , Beygi Zahra , Zaydanpanahi Zahra , Akbarzadeh Marzieh 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Sexual dysfunction mainly results from psychological and personal causes.
These causes, including self-esteem, have been considered to be the dominant reason for sexual
dysfunction. Self-esteem is, in fact, among the basic factors in desirable personality development.

Objective:
Investigation of the relationship between self-esteem and sexual dysfunction in women
at reproductive ages referred to healthcare centers in Shiraz, Iran.

Materials and Methods:
This epidemiological, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted on
268 women at reproductive ages referred to healthcare centers in Shiraz in 2014-2015. The study
data were collected using a demographic information form, Female Sexual Function Index, and
Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale.

Results:
The results revealed a significant relationship between self-esteem and sexual function
(p=0.001), sexual desire (p=0.03), sexual arousal (p=0.01), and lubrication (p=0.026). However, no
significant correlation was observed among self-esteem and orgasm (p=0.54), sexual satisfaction
(p=0.3), and pain during intercourse (p=0.1). Investigation of the relationship between demographic
indicators and self-esteem showed that the spouse's education level had a significant statistical relationship
(p = 0.008) with self-esteem, while there was no significant relationship between self-esteem
and women's education level, husband's job, income, Body Mass Index (BMI), and age of women.

Conclusion:
The results indicated that self-esteem was associated with sexual dysfunction. Accordingly,
individuals with lower self-esteem showed higher sexual dysfunction.
Non-surgical Treatments for Lung Metastases in Patients with Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) and Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA)
Authors: Tetta Cecilia , Carpenzano Maria , Algargoush Areej T.J. , Algargoosh Marwah , Londero Francesco , Maessen Jos G. , Gelsomino Sandro 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Radio-frequency ablation (RFA) and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy
(SBRT) are two emerging therapies for lung metastases.

Introduction:
Aliterature review was performed to evaluate the outcomes and complications of these
procedures in patients with lung metastases from soft tissue sarcoma (STS).

Methods:
After selection, seven studies were included for each treatment encompassing a total of
424 patients: 218 in the SBRT group and 206 in the RFA group.

Results:
The mean age ranged from 47.9 to 64 years in the SBRT group and from 48 to 62.7 years
in the RFA group. The most common histologic subtype was, in both groups, leiomyosarcoma.
In the SBRT group, median overall survival ranged from 25.2 to 69 months and median disease-
free interval was from 8.4 to 45 months. Two out of seven studies reported G3 and one G3
toxicity, respectively. In RFA patients, overall survival ranged from 15 to 50 months. The most frequent
complication was pneumothorax. Local control showed a high percentage for both procedures.

Conclusion:
SBRT is recommended in patients unsuitable to surgery, in synchronous bilateral pulmonary
metastases, in case of deep lesions and patients receiving high-risk systemic therapies.
RFA is indicated in case of a long disease-free interval, in oligometastatic disease, when only the
lung is involved, in small size lesions far from large vessels.

:
Further large randomized studies are necessary to establish whether these treatments may also represent
a reliable alternative to surgery.