bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Absorptive Capacity on Innovation Performance: A Cross‐country Perspective*
Authors: Harris Richard , Krenz Astrid , Moffat John 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article has two objectives: the construction of enterprise‐level estimates of absorptive capacity to allow comparison of absorptive capacity levels across Europe and the analysis of whether the effects of absorptive capacity on R&D and innovation vary across countries. The dataset is the Community Innovation Survey, which provides information on the innovation activities of enterprises in Europe. The estimates of absorptive capacity are generated using a structural equation model that considers absorptive capacity to be a latent variable that predicts the use of information sources and cooperation partners for innovation activities. The effects of absorptive capacity are estimated econometrically using probit models. The results show that absorptive capacity levels vary substantially across European countries, with western European enterprises (particularly those in Germany) generally having higher absorptive capacity than eastern European enterprises (especially Romanian enterprises). The effects of absorptive capacity on R&D and innovation are uniformly positive but also demonstrate substantial heterogeneity across countries. This has important implications for policy as it suggests that not only should government aim to enhance absorptive capacity levels but it should also attempt to enhance the value of external knowledge available for enterprises to exploit.
Symposium Introduction: The Paradox of Structure: The UK State, Society and ‘Brexit’
Authors: Wincott Daniel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOstensibly motivated by ‘taking back control’, is Brexit an opportunity to enhance the UK's capacity for self‐government? If driven by an aspiration to maximise the central state's governing autonomy, it confronts a paradox: governance structures at once enable action and constrain it. Exploring this paradox of structure, this article sets Brexit in long‐term perspective. As well as reshaping its external relations, Brexit inevitably unsettles the UK's internal structures, not least in (partly) disentangling he UK state and organised civil society from EU institutions and processes. Equally, those internal structures were themselves rarely static. Brexit has complicated the processes of their flux. The article introduces a symposium which addresses issues of this kind in three important domains: feminist civil society organisations (Minto), Westminster's role and scrutiny of European affairs (Cygan, Lynch and Whitaker) and the legal rights and access to justice of EU migrants under English law (Barnard and Fraser Burton).
Impact of the ambient light illuminance conditions on the shade matching capabilities of an intraoral scanner
Authors: Revilla‐León Marta , Methani Mohammad Mujtaba , Özcan Mutlu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo compare the shade matching capabilities between an intraoral scanner (IOS) and a spectrophotometer under different ambient light illuminance conditions.Material and methodsThe shade of three teeth of a patient was obtained using an IOS (IOS group) (TRIOS 3; 3Shape) and a spectrophotometer (DS group) (EasyShade V; Vita Zahnfabrik) at 4 ambient illuminances: 10000‐, 1000‐, 500‐, and 0‐lx. Ten shade measurements were documented using Vita Classical and 3D‐Master guides per tooth at each lighting condition. Data was analyzed using the Kruskal‐Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests (α = .05).ResultsSignificant shade discrepancies were obtained between the groups in different lighting conditions (P < .05). The IOS group presented significant shade discrepancies in different lighting conditions when evaluated using either shade guide, with lower variation under the 0‐lx condition. However, the DS group did not present significant shade discrepancies among the different lighting conditions with either shade guide, except for the maxillary lateral incisor measured under 10 000‐lx condition using the 3D‐Master guide.ConclusionsLighting conditions influenced the shade matching competency of an IOS. The IOS tested obtained high variation in the different lighting conditions evaluated and provided a lower shade value than the spectrophotometer. The spectrophotometer revealed high consistency amongst the various lighting conditions evaluated.Clinical implicationsAmbient light illuminance conditions can impact the shade matching capabilities of IOSs. The results of this investigation suggest the use of a supplementary instrumental method for assessment of tooth shade.
CD40 induces an antimicrobial response against the intracellular pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Xia Hongli , Fan Huimin , Long Meng , Cheng Jun , Chen Wenjie , Yu Dapeng , Xia Liqun , Lu Yishan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStreptococcus agalactiae is a Gram‐positive facultative intracellular bacterium that leads to severe economic loss of tilapia worldwide. Previous studies demonstrated that CD40 contributes to host protection against intracellular injection. In this study, CD40 was characterized from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), named OnCD40. Sequence analysis showed that open reading frame of OnCD40 was 933 bp, containing a single peptide, a transmembrane domain and four cysteine‐rich domains. The qRT‐PCR revealed that OnCD40 was expressed in all examined tissues with the most abundant ones in spleen and thymus. After S. agalactiae stimulation, the expression of OnCD40 was significantly induced in most of the detected organs. Moreover, OnCD40‐overexpressing fish elicited significant protection against subsequent S. agalactiae challenge; approximately 10000‐fold fewer bacteria were detected in spleen of OnCD40‐overexpressing fish in comparison with control fish. Thus, CD40 had protecting function in Nile tilapia against intracellular pathogens.
Long‐term albumin administration in patients with cirrhosis and ascites: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sandi Bianca Boff , Leão Gabriel Stefani , de Mattos Angelo Alves , de Mattos Ângelo Zambam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and AimAscites is a common complication of cirrhosis, and it is associated with increased mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of long‐term albumin administration in decreasing mortality and other complications of patients with cirrhosis and ascites.MethodsA systematic review was performed using MEDLINE and Embase databases. Randomized controlled trials evaluating long‐term albumin administration in patients with cirrhosis and ascites were considered eligible, as long as at least one of the following outcomes was evaluated: mortality, recurrence of ascites/need for paracentesis, refractory ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatic encephalopathy, gastrointestinal bleeding, or adverse events. Meta‐analysis was performed using the random‐effects model, through the Mantel–Haenszel method. The study protocol was registered at PROSPERO platform (CRD42019130078).ResultsThe literature search yielded 1517 references. Five randomized controlled trials fulfilled the selection criteria and were included in this meta‐analysis, involving 716 individuals. Patients receiving long‐term albumin had significantly lower risk of recurrence of ascites/need for paracentesis when compared with controls (risk ratio = 0.56, 95% confidence interval = 0.48–0.67, P < 0.00001). There was no evidence of significant difference between the long‐term albumin and control groups regarding mortality, refractory ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatic encephalopathy, gastrointestinal bleeding, or adverse events.ConclusionsLong‐term albumin administration in patients with cirrhosis and ascites decreases recurrence of ascites/need for paracentesis. At this point, there is no evidence of significant benefits of long‐term albumin administration regarding mortality or other complications of cirrhosis.
Borderline intellectual functioning: an increased risk of severe psychiatric problems and inability to work
Authors: Peltopuro M. , Vesala H. T. , Ahonen T. , Närhi V. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe use of facilities such as disability pension, psychiatric care, health care and services for people with intellectual disabilities and borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) were compared with the general population and two other study groups comprising people with mild intellectual disabilities (MIDs) and learning problems (LPs).MethodsThe population‐based sample (N = 416,973), ‘Finland‐in‐Miniature’, was gathered in 1962 and followed until 1998. For the purpose of the present study, three groups were formed: BIF (n = 416), MID (n = 312) and LP (n = 284). The use of services was examined with the help of national registers.ResultsAs compared with the general population, people with BIF had been granted disability pension 2.7 times more often and had been patients in psychiatric care 3.4 times more often. They had also systematically used more services than people with LP.ConclusionsPeople with BIF are at risk of inability to work and facing severe mental health problems. They also seem to have more severe psychiatric problems than people with MID and LP. There is, therefore, a crucial need for increasing the awareness in society of BIF. Although this study's follow‐up data were collected about 20 years ago, it is still relevant because people with BIF are a neglected group and still face growing demands in school and work life with no marked changes in services.
The interplay between α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, pannexin‐1 channels and P2X7 receptors elicit exocytosis in chromaffin cells
Authors: Maldifassi María C. , Momboisse Fanny , Guerra María J. , Vielma Alex H. , Maripillán Jaime , Báez‐Matus Ximena , Flores‐Muñoz Carolina , Cádiz Bárbara , Schmachtenberg Oliver , Martínez Agustín D. , Cárdenas Ana M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPannexin‐1 (Panx1) forms plasma membrane channels that allow the exchange of small molecules between the intracellular and extracellular compartments, and are involved in diverse physiological and pathological responses in the nervous system. However, the signaling mechanisms that induce their opening still remain elusive. Here, we propose a new mechanism for Panx1 channel activation through a functional crosstalk with the highly Ca2+ permeable α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that activation of α7 nAChRs induces Panx1‐mediated dye uptake and ATP release in the neuroblastoma cell line SH‐SY5Y‐α7. Using membrane permeant Ca2+ chelators, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy in SH‐SY5Y‐α7 cells expressing a membrane‐tethered GCAMP3, and Src kinase inhibitors, we further demonstrated that Panx1 channel opening depends on Ca2+ signals localized in submembrane areas, as well as on Src kinases. In turn, Panx1 channels amplify cytosolic Ca2+ signals induced by the activation of α7 nAChRs, by a mechanism that seems to involve ATP release and P2X7 receptor activation, as hydrolysis of extracellular ATP with apyrase or blockage of P2X7 receptors with oxidized ATP significantly reduces the α7 nAChR‐Ca2+ signal. The physiological relevance of this crosstalk was also demonstrated in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells, wherein Panx1 channels and P2X7 receptors contribute to the exocytotic release of catecholamines triggered by α7 nAChRs, as measured by amperometry. Together these findings point to a functional coupling between α7 nAChRs, Panx1 channels and P2X7 receptors with physiological relevance in neurosecretion.
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A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Nutrition and Dietary Intervention for Early Care and Education Providers
Authors: Chuang Ru‐Jye , Cox Jill N. , Mincemoyer Claudia C. , Sharma Shreela V. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary impact of the Create Healthy Futures program, a self‐paced, 6‐lesson, web‐based intervention on promoting healthy eating for Early Care and Education (ECE) providers, using a group‐randomized controlled trial design with 3 repeated measurements.METHODSNine ECE facilities in Ohio were recruited and randomly assigned to intervention (N = 4) and comparison (N = 5). The 111 participants are mostly female (97.3%), college graduated (59.5%), and overweight or obese (75.2%). Nutrition‐related psychosocial and environmental factors and individual behaviors were assessed at baseline, post‐test, and 3‐month follow‐up. We used mixed model analyses to compare changes between time points, controlling for ethnicity, age, and center effect, and calculated effect size to assess the magnitude of change.RESULTSWe observed significant between‐group changes in improving nutrition knowledge (p = .003), increasing perceived support for staff wellness (p = .038), and reducing perceived barriers to eating fruits and vegetables (p = .004) and promoting nutrition in classrooms (p = .038), with small to medium effect sizes. The study demonstrated high feasibility with 94.1% enrollment rate, 87.5% intervention completion rate, and 83.8% retention rate.ConclusionsThis pilot study demonstrated high feasibility and acceptability of nutrition intervention programs using an online platform among ECE providers.
Medication Education Provided to School‐Aged Children: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Guirguis Lisa M. , Singh Reshmi L. , Fox Lanae L. , Neufeld Susan M. , Bond Irena 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVESTo characterize the educational interventions regarding prescription and nonprescription medication use for school‐aged children, we systematically reviewed evidence of programs available for this age group.METHODSSearches in PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, ERIC, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts were conducted. Search terms focused on: population education, school‐age children, and medications. Studies were excluded if they were specific to a particular disease state or class of medication, drugs of misuse and illicit drugs. Data extraction included study design, location, educational intervention and duration, research methods, and main findings.RESULTSWe found 14 studies representing 8 separate projects. Six projects were identified in the gray literature. Projects ranged from individual sessions to national programs. Quantitative studies showed improvement in knowledge, medication literacy, and confidence. The adoption of medication education strategies was dependent on the educator's comfort level and beliefs regarding medication safety.CONCLUSIONSCredible medication education resources are available and have been shown to improve students' knowledge. There remains a need for multifaceted implementation and evaluation strategies. Strategies and resources are available to implement interventions in communities to address medication education in school‐age children. Frameworks should be used to facilitate the implementation of effective health promotion strategies around safe‐medication use for school‐aged children.
Reduced work absenteeism in patients with hepatitis C treated with second‐generation direct‐acting antivirals
Authors: Lindgren Peter , Löfvendahl Sofia , Brådvik Gunnar , Weiland Ola 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe cost‐effectiveness of the second‐generation direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) has received considerable attention; however, their effect on wider societal costs has remained relatively unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect the new drugs have on sick leave compared to older treatment paradigms. This retrospective study utilized Swedish registry data to identify three cohorts: (a) patients treated with ribavirin and/or peginterferons (peg‐IFN) during 2005‐2011; (b) patients treated with the first generation of DAAs and ribavirin and/or peg‐IFN 2011‐2013; and (c) patients treated with the new generation of DAAs 2014‐2018. Individual‐level data on sick leave and early retirement were used to compare days away from work the year prior to the year following treatment initiation. A difference‐in‐difference model was estimated to test for differences between the cohorts adjusting for age and gender. Days away from work prior to treatment initiation was similar in the cohorts: 106, 85 and 94 days in cohorts 1 to 3. After treatment initiation, the number of days away from worked increased in cohort one and two to 150 and 140 days, while it remained similar in cohort three (88 days). The monetary value of the avoided sick leave was 7000‐10 000 €. In conclusion, patients treated with second‐generation DAAs without peg‐IFN had fewer days of sick leave in the year following treatment initiation compared to older treatments. Some caution is advised when interpreting the absolute figures due to potential heterogeneity between cohorts as they were treated at different points in time.
Comparison of 48‐week efficacy of tenofovir vs entecavir for patients with chronic hepatitis B: A network meta‐analysis
Authors: Con Danny , Goodwin Thomas , Majeed Ammar , Roberts Stuart , Kemp William 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBoth tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and entecavir (ETV) are accepted as first‐line treatments for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, there are few randomized studies comparing their efficacy. The primary aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of TDF and ETV using a network meta‐analysis of randomized trials. The secondary aim was to additionally include propensity‐matched cohort studies in a conventional meta‐analysis. We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science for published English‐language randomized and propensity‐matched studies between 1/1/2000 and 4/2/2020. Outcomes included undetectable HBV DNA, ALT normalization and HBeAg seroconversion at 48 weeks. We excluded patients who had co‐infection or significant prior treatment with antivirals. 13 517 participants from 16 studies (11 RCTs, n = 2675; five propensity‐matched cohort studies, n = 10 842) were included. Virological response at 48 weeks was higher in patients receiving TDF compared to ETV using both the network meta‐analytic approach (OR 1.69, P < .001) and the conventional meta‐analysis including propensity‐matched cohort studies (OR 1.40, P < .001). On subgroup analysis, this difference was only significant in HBeAg‐positive patients (OR 1.81, P = .037). There was limited evidence to suggest a higher rate of ALT normalization with ETV (OR 0.74, P = .07). There was no difference in rates of HBeAg seroconversion between the two antivirals. TDF is more likely than ETV to induce virological response at 48 weeks in treatment‐naïve CHB patients. Future studies should focus on elucidating associations between early and sustained virological response with adverse patient outcomes including development of HCC or cirrhosis.
Sequence labelling and sequence classification with gaze: Novel uses of eye‐tracking data for Natural Language Processing
Authors: Barrett Maria , Hollenstein Nora 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEye‐tracking data from reading provide a structured signal with a fine‐grained temporal resolution which closely follows the sequential structure of the text. It is highly correlated with the cognitive load associated with different stages of human, cognitive text processing. While eye‐tracking data have been extensively studied to understand human cognition, it has only recently been considered for Natural Language Processing (NLP). In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of how gaze data are being used in data‐driven NLP, in particular for sequence labelling and sequence classification tasks. We argue that eye‐tracking may effectively counter one of the core challenges of machine‐learning‐based NLP: the scarcity of annotated data. We outline the recent advances in gaze‐augmented NLP to discuss how the gaze signal from human readers can be leveraged while also considering the potentials and limitations of this data source.
Obtaining a hub position: A New Economic Geography analysis of industry location and trade network structures
Authors: Commendatore P. , Kubin I. , Sushko I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe present a linear New Economic Geography model with three regions, one remote region and two regions that entertain a trade agreement with low bilateral trade costs. Only one of these two integrated regions has the outside option to conclude an additional trade agreement with the remote region and to obtain a hub position. We show that the new trade agreement has a substantial impact on industry location and trade patterns and that the effects strongly depend upon level of integration between the initial two regions. It is not always the region with the outside option that profits from using it. Finally, we also show that higher firm mobility may lead to complex dynamics.
Epicardial implantation of a leadless pacemaker in a lamb model
Authors: Backhoff David , Betz Teresa , Eildermann Katja , Paul Thomas , Zenker Dieter , Bonner Matthew , Krause Ulrich 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPacemaker used in small children typically consist of an abdominally placed generator and epicardially affixed leads, making such a system prone to lead dysfunction during growth. Aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of epicardial pacing with a leadless pacemaker in a lamb model.Animals and methodsSeventeen lambs underwent epicardial implantation of a Micra transcatheter pacing system (TPS) (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) via left‐lateral thoracotomy to the left ventricle (LV) surface (n = 11/17) and to the left atrial appendage (n = 6). Ventricular devices were fixated with the tines within the pericardium, whereas the tines of the atrial devices penetrated the myocardium of the left atrial appendage. After 31 weeks, animals were sacrificed and hearts were explanted for histological analysis.ResultsFollowing implantation, median P/R amplitude was 4.25/5.5 mV while median pacing threshold was 1.1/1.9 V at 0.24 ms. After 31 weeks, median P/R amplitude was 3.3/4.2 mV. Median atrial pacing threshold was 0.5/0.24 ms. Eight of 10 ventricular pacemakers had lost capture at standard impulse width even at maximum impulse amplitude. On explantation, firm adhesion of the device to the thoracic wall and dislodgement of the electrode tip was found in those ventricular devices.ConclusionsFirm fixation of the Micra electrode to the epicardial surface as applied to the atrial devices resulted in excellent electrical properties during midterm follow up. Pericardial fixation as in the ventricular devices was associated with loss of capture. Therefore, it is important to embed the tines in the myocardium and to choose an alternative implantation site allowing for safe fixation of the Micra TPS in a position perpendicular to ventricular epimyocardium.
Transseptal access through atrial flow regulator device during ventricular tachycardia ablation
Authors: Dural Muhammet , Yorgun Hikmet , Canpolat Ugur , Kaya Ergun Baris , Aytemir Kudret 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNovel interventional therapies for heart failure patients are emerging like atrial flow regulator (AFR). Our case showed that endocardial ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation could be performed safely by passing through the AFR device lumen without additional transseptal puncture in these patients.