bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Chinese listed corporations really tell the truth? Empirical evidence from semi‐parametric analysis
Authors: Wang Qiao , Nie Li 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe empirically analyse the authenticity of the information provided by Chinese listed corporations. First, we construct a signalling game among listed corporations and investors. We obtain the behaviours, which are positive strategic interactions on the amounts of stock issue and positive correlation between stock issuance and profit, of listed corporations when they provide untrue information. Second, by using the dataset of 2,408 listed corporations in 2016 from CCER China Economic and Financial Database, we prove that the optimal amounts of stock issue by maximizing the amounts of financing increase as the profits of listed corporations raise. And by applying single index estimation method, our parameter estimation results show that the strategic interactions among 2,408 Chinese listed corporations on the amounts of stock issue are positive. Therefore, there exists Chinese listed corporations who do not tell the truth in proving their information. Further analysis shows that 485 out of 2,408 Chinese listed corporations do not tell the truth in providing their profits. And most of the Chinese listed corporations with unauthentic declared profits report their profits lower than their true profits to reduce tax. And those who overstate their profits are large and medium enterprises from the first and second industries.
Large fluctuations of China's commodity prices: Main sources and heterogeneous effects
Authors: Xu Bin , Lin Boqiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAssuming that the economic variables obey the normal distribution, existing studies often use traditional mean models to explore commodity prices. In fact, the distribution of economic data is often skewed. When the economic data is left‐biased or right‐biased, the quantile regression can more fully characterize the distribution of economic variables, and thus obtain a comprehensive analysis result. Moreover, the coefficient estimates of the quantile regression are more robust than those in the ordinary least squares regression. Therefore, this paper uses the quantile regression method to investigate commodity price fluctuations. The results show that the money supply has a greater impact on commodity prices in the lower 10th and 10th–25th quantile groups. Among all quantile groups, the impact of international oil prices on commodity prices in the upper 90th quantile group is the highest. The effect of the exchange rate in the 25th–50th quantile group is greater than those in other quantile groups. However, the real economy has a minimal impact on the 25th–50th quantile group. Thus, the heterogeneous effects of these influencing factors should be taken into consideration when stabilizing commodity prices.
Do investors herd? An examination of Pakistan stock exchange
Authors: Kashif Muhammad , Palwishah Rana , Ahmed Rizwan Raheem , Vveinhardt Jolita , Streimikiene Dalia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe study attempts to examine herding behaviour in Pakistan stock exchange and determine how herding behaviour responds to asymmetric market conditions. This study has employed CH model, CSSD & CSAD models, and State‐space model. We have used time series data for the period from 2000 to 2016, which include daily returns of KSE all share index and 890 firms listed on Pakistan stock exchange. The outcomes of the study not only reported significant evidence of herding behaviour in Pakistan stock market over the entire sample period but also found it to be more pronounced under extreme market conditions, market volatility and financial crisis. Further, it was found that herding behaviour increases before the crisis, whereas decreases at the time of crisis. Fund managers and investors need to take herding behaviour in to account to evaluate asset prices and require a large number of stocks for achieving a correlation of inferior degree in portfolios and same degree in diversification. In addition, funds herding can be used as a signal of managerial quality. Moreover, as herding implies that fund managers and investors react to regulatory changes in a similar way, which may prevent asset prices from reaching their fundamental values and further causes financial markets to become fragile and destabilize, thus policymakers should take measures to control herding.
Realized volatility forecasting and volatility spillovers: Evidence from Chinese non‐ferrous metals futures
Authors: Wang Donghua , Xin Yang , Chang Xiaohui , Su Xingze 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe study the prediction of realized volatility of non‐ferrous metals futures traded on the Shanghai Futures Exchange from March 2011 to December 2017. A dynamic model averaging model is employed to combine multiple prediction models using time‐varying weights based on individual model performance. Empirical results also reveal that models incorporating volatility spillovers across metals are important for forecast combinations, and short‐term spillovers have a stronger impact than long‐term spillovers. This approach offers the best forecasting performance and allows users to identify the most dominant model at any given time and demonstrate when and how volatility transmission from another metal is valuable for forecasting. We also find evidence of distinct trading behaviours in emerging and developed markets.
Understanding Escherichia coli damages after chlorophyllin‐based photosensitization
Authors: Žudytė Bernadeta , Velička Martynas , Šablinskas Valdas , Lukšienė Živilė 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPathogenic strains of bacteria are causing various illnesses all around the world and have a major socio‐economic impact. Thus, fast‐ and low‐cost methods for the microbial control of foods are needed. One of them might be photosensitization. This study looks deeper into the mechanism of Escherichia coli damage by chlorophyllin‐based photosensitization. Fluorimetric data indicate that after 15 minute incubation with chlorophyllin (Chl) (1.5 × 10−5 M Chl) 0.73 ± 0.03 μM of this compound was associated with E. coli cell surface. After photoactivation (405 nm, 6–30 J/cm2) significant reduction (88.2%) of bacterial viability was observed. Higher concentration of Chl (5 × 10−4 M Chl) reduced viability of bacteria more than by 98%. Results indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) took place in this inactivation. Colloidal surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy was employed to detect the molecular changes in the treated bacteria. It was found that Chl‐based based photosensitization triggers multiple surface structure changes in E. coli what induce lethal unrepairable damages and inactivation of pathogen.
Investigation of genomic DNA methylation by ultraviolet resonant Raman spectroscopy
Authors: D'Amico Francesco , Zucchiatti Paolo , Latella Katia , Pachetti Maria , Gessini Alessandro , Masciovecchio Claudio , Vaccari Lisa , Pascolo Lorella 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCytosine plays a preeminent role in DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression, the misregulation of which can lead to severe diseases. Several methods are nowadays employed for assessing the global DNA methylation levels, but none of them combines simplicity, high sensitivity, and low operating costs to be translated into clinical applications. Ultraviolet (UV) resonant Raman measurements at excitation wavelengths of 272 nm, 260 nm, 250 nm, and 228 nm have been carried out on isolated deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), on a dNTP mixture as well as on genomic DNA (gDNA) samples, commercial from salmon sperm and non‐commercial from B16 murine melanoma cell line. The 228 nm excitation wavelength was identified as the most suitable energy for enhancing cytosine signals over the other DNA bases. The UV Raman measurements performed at this excitation wavelength on hyper‐methylated and hypo‐methylated DNA from Jurkat leukemic T‐cell line have revealed significant spectral differences with respect to gDNA isolated from salmon sperm and mouse melanoma B16 cells. This demonstrates how the proper choice of the excitation wavelength, combined with optimized extraction protocols, makes UV Raman spectroscopy a suitable technique for highlighting the chemical modifications undergone by cytosine nucleotides in gDNA upon hyper‐ and hypo‐methylation events.
Lactate Dehydrogenase Inhibition With Oxamate Exerts Bone Anabolic Effect
Authors: Hollenberg Alex M , Smith Charles O , Shum Laura C , Awad Hani , Eliseev Roman A 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Cellular bioenergetics is a promising new therapeutic target in aging, cancer, and diabetes because these pathologies are characterized by a shift from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism. We have previously reported such glycolytic shift in aged bone as a major contributor to bone loss in mice. We and others also showed the importance of oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) for osteoblast differentiation. It is therefore reasonable to propose that stimulation of OxPhos will have bone anabolic effect. One strategy widely used in cancer research to stimulate OxPhos is inhibition of glycolysis. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis to stimulate OxPhos and promote osteoblast bone-forming function and bone anabolism. We tested a range of glycolytic inhibitors including 2-deoxyglucose, dichloroacetate, 3-bromopyruvate, and oxamate. Of all the studied inhibitors, only a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitor, oxamate, did not show any toxicity in either undifferentiated osteoprogenitors or osteoinduced cells in vitro. Oxamate stimulated both OxPhos and osteoblast differentiation in osteoprogenitors. In vivo, oxamate improved bone mineral density, cortical bone architecture, and bone biomechanical strength in both young and aged C57BL/6J male mice. Oxamate also increased bone formation by osteoblasts without affecting bone resorption. In sum, our work provided a proof of concept for the use of anti-glycolytic strategies in bone and identified a small molecule LDH inhibitor, oxamate, as a safe and efficient bone anabolic agent. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Optimal Designs for Model‐Based Assessment of Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Effectiveness
Authors: Ibrahim Moustafa M. A. , Redestad Erik , Kjellsson Maria C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe integrated minimal model allows assessment of clinical diagnosis indices, for example, insulin sensitivity (SI) and glucose effectiveness (SG), from data of the insulin‐modified intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), which is laborious with an intense sampling schedule, up to 32 samples. The aim of this study was to propose a more informative, although less laborious, IVGTT design to be used for model‐based assessment of SI and SG. The IVGTT design was optimized simultaneously for all design variables: glucose and insulin infusion doses, time of glucose dose and start of insulin infusion, insulin infusion duration, sampling times, and number of samples. Design efficiency was used to compare among different designs. The simultaneously optimized designs showed a profound higher efficiency than both standard rich (32 samples) and sparse (10 samples) designs. The optimized designs, after removing replicate sample times, were 1.9 and 7.1 times more efficient than the standard rich and sparse designs, respectively. After including practical aspects of the designs, for example, sufficient duration between samples and avoidance of prolonged hypoglycemia, we propose 2 practical designs with fewer sampling times and lower input of glucose and insulin than standard designs, constrained to prevent hypoglycemia. The optimized practical rich design is equally efficient in assessing SI and SG as the rich standard design, but with half the number of the samples, while the optimized practical sparse design has 1 less sample and requires 4.6 times fewer individuals for equal certainty when assessing SI and SG than the sparse standard design.
Linking gene expression and phenotypic changes in the developmental and evolutionary origins of osteosclerosis in the ribs of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus)
Authors: Cooper Lisa N. , Ball Hope C. , Vinyard Christopher J. , Safadi Fayez F. , George John C. , Thewissen Johannes G. M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBowhead whales are among the longest‐lived mammals with an extreme lifespan of about 211 years. During the first 25 years of their lives, rib bones increase in mineral density and the medulla transitions from compact to trabecular bone. Molecular drivers associated with these phenotypic changes in bone remain unknown. This study assessed expression levels of osteogenic genes from samples of rib bones of bowheads. Samples were harvested from prenatal to 86‐year‐old whales, representing the first third of the bowhead lifespan. Fetal to 2‐year‐old bowheads showed expression levels consistent with the rapid deposition of the bone extracellular matrix. Sexually mature animals showed expression levels associated with low rates of osteogenesis and increased osteoclastogenesis. After the first 25 years of life, declines in osteogenesis corresponded with increased expression of EZH2, an epigenetic regulator of osteogenesis. These findings suggest EZH2 may be at least one epigenetic modifier that contributes to the age‐related changes in the rib bone phenotype along with the transition from compact to trabecular bone. Ancient cetaceans and their fossil relatives also display these phenotypes, suggesting EZH2 may have shaped the skeleton of whales in evolutionary history.
Use of skimmed breast milk for an infant with a long‐chain fatty acid oxidation disorder: A novel therapeutic intervention
Authors: Kritzer Amy , Tarrant Stacey , Sussman‐Karten Karen , Barbas Kimberly 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe focus of dietary therapy for long chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LC‐FAODs) is to minimize fatty acid oxidation by avoiding fasting and providing sufficient calories. Dietary therapy involves restriction of long‐chain triglycerides (LCT), and provision of medium‐chain triglycerides as an alternate energy source. It is well established that the use of breast milk through the first year of a newborn's life has significant health benefits. While very few medical contraindications to breastfeeding exist, feeding an infant with a severe carnitine acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) deficiency typically requires cessation of breastfeeding as approximately 50% of the calories in human milk come from LCT. In this case report, we present the innovative and successful use of skimmed breast milk incorporated into the dietary management of an infant with severe CACT deficiency. Given the poor prognosis for individuals with severe CACT deficiency on standard dietary therapy, the use of skimmed breast milk represents an important measure to try to improve short‐term and long‐term outcomes. Given the many proven benefits of breast milk, this case illustrates that skimmed breast milk can be combined with appropriate fat sources to provide complete nutrition for children with severe CACT deficiency. After over 12 months on this regimen, this patient has experienced normal growth and development and has had no acute decompensations.
Lithium influences whole‐organism metabolic rate in Drosophila subobscura
Authors: Kurbalija Novičić Zorana , Bodén Robert , Kozarski Ksenija , Jelić Mihailo , Jovanović Vladimir M. , Cunningham Janet L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLithium is widely used to treat bipolar disorder. However, the efficacy and vulnerability as to its side effects are known to differ. Although the specific biochemical mechanism of action is still elusive, lithium may influence mitochondrial function, and consequently, metabolism. Lithium exposure in this study was conducted on a unique set of mito‐nuclear introgression lines of Drosophila subobscura to disentangle the independent effects of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) against a common nuclear DNA background. The study addressed three issues: (a) whether lithium has a dose‐dependent effect on whole‐organism metabolic rate, (b) whether mtDNA haplotypes show divergent metabolic efficiency measured by metabolic rate to lithium exposure and (c) whether lithium influences the whole‐organism metabolic rate across sexes. The results confirm that lithium influenced the whole‐organism metabolic rate, showing a subtle balance between efficacy and adverse effects within a narrow dose range. In addition, lithium exposure was found to influence metabolism differently based on mtDNA haplotypes and sex. This preliminary research may have a range of biological implications for the role of mitochondrial variability in psychiatric disease and treatment by contributing to the understanding and predicting of the lithium treatment response and risk for toxic side effects.
Product personalization and firm performance: An empirical analysis of the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Ben‐Jebara Marouen , Modi Sachin B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRecent advances in manufacturing and communication technology have made it possible for firms to offer products that are personalized to individual customers’ specifications. While personalizing products leads to benefits for firms, it also requires significant resources, calling into question the financial efficacy of this practice. This situation is especially salient in the pharmaceutical industry, where drugs are personalized to individuals. This type of medicine is expected to account for approximately 50% of drug spending in the U.S. market by 2022; however, the rising costs of producing and delivering such medications make their viability uncertain. In this study, we present a framework that conceptualizes a nonlinear inverted U‐shaped relationship between product personalization and financial performance. We further investigate the role of supply‐chain disintermediation in enhancing the benefits of personalization. Analysis of data from the pharmaceutical industry confirms that product personalization improves financial performance only up to a point, beyond which firms experience negative performance effects. Furthermore, supply‐chain disintermediation moderates this relationship such that the inverted U‐shape is steeper with increasing disintermediation levels. Together, these findings provide important guidelines for managers formulating their firms’ product personalization strategies.
Estimation of direct medical costs of warfarin, dabigatran and rivaroxaban treatments in non‐valvular atrial fibrillation patients in a tertiary public hospital, Malaysia
Authors: Tan Swee Kee , Looi Wan Lin , Yeo Hui Yee 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundNon‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are effective alternatives to warfarin for stroke prevention in non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients. However, concerns have arisen due to their higher costs than warfarin.AimTo estimate and compare the total direct medical costs of warfarin, dabigatran and rivaroxaban treatments in NVAF patients in Penang general hospital.MethodsThis was a retrospective study capturing one year of data from January to December 2015. The data were extracted from hospital records. The total direct medical costs, including any costs associated with treatment‐related complications, were calculated as the sum of drug acquisition cost, INR point‐of‐care testing cost, personnel cost and treatment‐related complications cost. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed to describe the results.ResultsA total of 224 patients (warfarin, n = 122; dabigatran, n = 63; rivaroxaban, n = 39) were recruited. The total direct medical costs including cost of any treatment‐related complications for warfarin ranged from MYR1269.77 to MYR2383.35. The total direct medical costs with treatment‐related complications for dabigatran and rivaroxaban were MYR3469.18 and MYR2883.35, respectively. During the study period, one ischaemic stroke (0.82%) and three major bleeding events (2.46%) were observed in the warfarin group, whereas only one patient (1.59%) in the dabigatran group experienced minor bleeding. Drug acquisition costs for NOACs were high, which accounted for 80% of the total direct medical costs in the dabigatran group. However, the direct medical costs for warfarin increased by 4‐fold when treatment‐related complications costs were included.ConclusionThe direct medical costs of NOACs were relatively higher than warfarin, however, the incidence of major bleeding was higher in the warfarin group.
Interactive Web‐based Data Visualization and Analysis Tool for Synthetizing on‐farm Research Networks Data
Authors: Laurent Anabelle , Lyu Xiaodan , Kyveryga Peter , Makowski David , Hofmann Heike , Miguez Fernando 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe on‐farm research network concept enables a group of farmers to test new agricultural management practices under local conditions with support from local researchers or agronomists. Different on‐farm trials based on the same experimental design are conducted over several years and sites to test the effectiveness of different innovative management practices aimed at increasing crop productivity and profitability. As a larger amount of historical trial data are being accumulated, data of all the trials require analyses and summarization. Summaries of on‐farm trials are usually presented to farmers as individual field reports, which are not optimal for the dissemination of results and decision making. A more practical communication method is needed to enhance result communication and decision making. R Shiny is a new rapidly developing technology for turning R data analyses into interactive web applications. For the first time for on‐farm research networks, we developed and launched an interactive web tool called ISOFAST using R Shiny. ISOFAST simultaneously reports all trial results about the same management practice to simplify interpretation of multi‐site and multi‐year summaries. We used a random‐effects model to synthetize treatment differences at both the individual trial and network levels and generate new knowledge for farmers and agronomists. The friendly interface enables users to explore trial summaries, access model outputs, and perform economic analysis at their fingertips. This paper describes a case‐study to illustrate how to use the tool and make agronomic management decisions based on the on‐farm trial data. We also provided technical details and guidance for developing a similar interactive visualization tool customized for on‐farm research network. ISOFAST is currently available at https://analytics.iasoybeans.com/cool-apps/ISOFAST/.