bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight Stigma Among Sexual Minority Adults: Findings from a Matched Sample of Adults Engaged in Weight Management
Authors: Puhl Rebecca M. , Himmelstein Mary S. , Pearl Rebecca L. , Wojtanowski Alexis C. , Foster Gary D. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveDespite elevated rates of obesity among some groups of sexual minority (SM) adults, research examining weight stigma in this population is scarce.MethodsWeight stigma and weight‐related health correlates were assessed in SM adults (N = 658) versus heterosexual adults (N = 658) matched on sex, race/ethnicity, age, education, and BMI. Adults enrolled in WW (formerly Weight Watchers) completed digital questionnaires assessing experienced weight stigma, weight bias internalization (WBI), weight cycling, eating self‐efficacy, eating to cope, physical activity, and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL).ResultsSurvey response rates ranged from 0.8% to 3.5%. There were no differences in experienced weight stigma between SM and heterosexual participants; more than two‐thirds experienced weight stigma, and more than 50% reported stigma from family, health care providers, teachers and classmates, and community members. Gay men endorsed higher WBI than heterosexual men (β = 0.22, P < 0.001). Regardless of sexual orientation, WBI was associated with poorer mental HRQOL, lower eating self‐efficacy, and increased eating to cope, controlling for demographics and BMI.ConclusionsExperiencing weight stigma is as common for SM adults as heterosexual adults engaged in weight management, and WBI is associated with maladaptive eating behaviors and poor mental HRQOL. Increased attention to weight stigma and its health implications in SM populations is warranted.
Early Nonfood Parent‐Infant Interactions and Development of Obesity in a High‐Risk, Diverse Sample
Authors: Kong Kai Ling , Eiden Rina D. , Paluch Rocco A. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to understand the protective role of positive mother‐infant interactions in the context of food and nonfood behaviors against obesity risk later in life among a cohort of low‐income children at high prenatal risk due to maternal substance use during pregnancy.MethodsThe sample consisted of 216 mother‐infant dyads (49% boys) participating in an ongoing longitudinal study. Mother‐infant interactions during a feeding episode and a free‐play task were measured at child age 1 and 7 months, respectively. Children's length/height and weight were measured at 1, 7, 13, 24, 36, and 48 months of age; at kindergarten age (approximately 60 months); and in second grade (approximately 84 months). BMI growth trajectories were modeled.ResultsNo significant associations were found between mother‐child feeding interactions and child BMI trajectories. Maternal warmth (95% CI: −0.020 to −0.0005; P = 0.04) and child positive affect (95% CI: −0.020 to −0.002; P = 0.014) during free play were associated with a more normative child BMI trajectory.ConclusionsResults from this study indicated that high maternal warmth and child positive affect during play, but not feeding interactions, are associated with reduced obesity risk from infancy to middle childhood in the context of high pre‐ and postnatal risks.
Plasma High‐Resolution Metabolomics Differentiates Adults with Normal Weight Obesity from Lean Individuals
Authors: Bellissimo Moriah P. , Cai Qingpo , Ziegler Thomas R. , Liu Ken H. , Tran Phong H. , Vos Miriam B. , Martin Greg S. , Jones Dean P. , Yu Tianwei , Alvarez Jessica A. 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveThis study explored underlying metabolism‐related dysfunction by examining metabolomic profiles in adults categorized as lean, as having normal weight obesity (NWO), or as having overweight/obesity.MethodsParticipants (N = 179) had fasting plasma analyzed by liquid chromatography and high‐resolution mass spectrometry for high‐resolution metabolomics. Body composition was assessed by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. NWO was defined as BMI < 25 and body fat > 30% for women and > 23% for men. Differentiating metabolomic features were determined by using linear regression models and likelihood ratio tests with false discovery rate correction. Mummichog was used for pathway and network analyses.ResultsA total of 222 metabolites significantly differed between the groups at a false discovery rate of q = 0.2. Linoleic acid, β‐alanine, histidine, and aspartate/asparagine metabolism pathways were significantly enriched (all P < 0.01) by metabolites that were similarly upregulated in the NWO and overweight/obesity groups compared with the lean group. A module analysis linked branched‐chain amino acids and amino acid metabolites as elevated in the NWO and overweight/obesity groups compared with the lean group (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsMetabolomic profiles of individuals with NWO reflected similar metabolic disruption as those of individuals with overweight/obesity. High‐resolution metabolomics may help identify people at risk for developing obesity‐related disease, despite normal BMI.
Self‐Assembly of Bowl‐Shaped Naphthalimide‐Annulated Corannulene
Authors: Renner Rebecca , Stolte Matthias , Würthner Frank 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe self‐assembly of a bowl‐shaped naphthalimide‐annulated corannulene of high solubility has been studied in a variety of solvents by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Evaluation by the anti‐cooperative K2‐K model revealed the formation of supramolecular dimers of outstanding thermodynamic stability. Further structural proof for the almost exclusive formation of dimers over extended aggregates is demonstrated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) measurements as well as by theoretical calculations. Thus, herein we present the first report of a supramolecular dimer of an annulated corannulene derivative in solution and discuss its extraordinarily high thermodynamic stability with association constants up to >106 M−1 in methylcyclohexane, which is comparable to the association constants given for planar phthalocyanine and perylene bisimide dyes.
Spectrally‐ and Temporally‐Resolved Optical Depth Measurements in High Explosive Post‐Detonation Fireballs
Authors: Lodes Rylie , Krier Herman , Glumac Nick 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTemporally‐and‐spectrally‐resolved‐optical‐depth‐measurements were made in fireballs from five common high explosives. Chambered explosive detonations were probed with 405 nm, 532 nm, 650 nm, 1310 nm, and 9600 nm laser light to quantify optical attenuation during the first 5 ms after initiation. Attenuation lengths are reported for each wavelength and high explosive as a function of time. Two charge sizes were studied to show optical depth scaling for charge mass. Trends in optical depth between type of explosive and probe wavelength are presented and discussed. The spectral dependence of attenuation departed strongly from the
prediction from Rayleigh scattering, indicating significant absorption in addition to scattering. Beam steering effects were determined to be of minimal influence for the scale of explosives tested. Blast scaling is considered in attempt to generalize the results presented.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Azido Esters Derived from Malonic Acid
Authors: Claßen Moritz , Heimsch Stefanie B. , Klapötke Thomas M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThree new α,α‐diazidated azido esters derived from malonic acid were synthesized and characterized with a method of diazidation under mild reaction conditions. They are energy‐rich, small, liquid molecules which contain up to six azido moieties. The three synthesized compounds were compared to already known azidated malonic acid esters regarding their density, thermal stability, calculated heat of formation and energetic properties. Further they were tested and classified for their sensitivities according to UN guidelines.
La2Ti2O7 As Nanometric Electrode Material: An Emerging Candidate For Supercapacitor Performance
Authors: Nashim Amtul , Pany Soumyashree , Parida K. M. , Nanda J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, first time the nanometric powder of La2Ti2O7 (abbreviated as LTO) is taken as the electrode material for supercapacitor. The prepared material is characterized by various characterization techniques to know its structural and textural properties. The specific capacitance of the La2Ti2O7 is calculated from charge discharge curve. The Nyquist plot, bode plot and the plot of real capacitance vs. imaginary capacitance is well in support of supercapacitive activity of La2Ti2O7. The La2Ti2O7 exhibits 71 F/g of specific capacitance in 2 M KOH with 95.7% retention after 5000 cycles is due to the effective access of electrolyte to the redox sites owing to its layered structure. As these finding are new to the scientific community and demonstrate the great potential of La2Ti2O7 as electrode material for supercapacitor, the current findings may give a new pave in the area of supercapacitor research.
The impact of Paenibacillus polymyxa HY96-2 luxS on biofilm formation and control of tomato bacterial wilt
Authors: Yi Jincui , Zhang Daojing , Cheng Yuejuan , Tan Jingjing , Luo Yuanchan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The focus of this study was to investigate the effects of luxS, a key regulatory gene of the autoinducer-2 (AI-2) quorum sensing (QS) system, on the biofilm formation and biocontrol efficacy against Ralstonia solanacearum by Paenibacillus polymyxa HY96-2. luxS mutants were constructed and assayed for biofilm formation of the wild-type (WT) strain and luxS mutants of P. polymyxa HY96-2 in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that luxS positively regulated the biofilm formation of HY96-2. Greenhouse experiments of tomato bacterial wilt found that from the early stage to late stage postinoculation, the biocontrol efficacy of the luxS deletion strain was the lowest with 50.70 ± 1.39% in the late stage. However, the luxS overexpression strain had the highest biocontrol efficacy with 75.66 ± 1.94% in the late stage. The complementation of luxS could restore the biocontrol efficacy of the luxS deletion strain with 69.84 ± 1.09% in the late stage, which was higher than that of the WT strain with 65.94 ± 2.73%. Therefore, we deduced that luxS could promote the biofilm formation of P. polymyxa HY96-2 and further promoted its biocontrol efficacy against R. solanacearum.
Monte Carlo gPC Methods for Diffusive Kinetic Flocking Models with Uncertainties
Authors: Carrillo José Antonio , Zanella Mattia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper we introduce and discuss numerical schemes for the approximation of kinetic equations for flocking behavior with phase transitions that incorporate uncertain quantities. This class of schemes here considered make use of a Monte Carlo approach in the phase space coupled with a stochastic Galerkin expansion in the random space. The proposed methods naturally preserve the positivity of the statistical moments of the solution and are capable to achieve high accuracy in the random space. Several tests on a kinetic alignment model with self propulsion validate the proposed methods both in the homogeneous and inhomogeneous setting, shading light on the influence of uncertainties in phase transition phenomena driven by noise such as their smoothing and confidence band.
Identification and characterization of sequence signatures in the Bacillus subtilis promoter Pylb for tuning promoter strength
Authors: Xu Jiangtao , Liu Xiaoqing , Yu Xiaoxia , Chu Xiaoyu , Tian Jian , Wu Ningfeng 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo thoroughly characterize the Pylbpromoter and identify the elements that affect the promoter activity.ResultThe sequences flanking the − 35 and − 10 box of the Pylbpromoter were divided into six segments, and six random-scanning mutant promoter libraries fused to an enhanced green fluorescent protein EGFP were made and analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results showed that the four nucleotides flanking the − 35 box could mostly influence the promoter activity, and this influence was related to the GC content. The promoters mutated in these regions were successfully used for expressing the geneophc2encoding organophosphorus hydrolase (OPHC2) and the genekatAencoding catalase (KatA).ConclusionOur work identified and characterized the sequence signatures of the Pylbpromoter that could tune the promoter strength, providing further information for the potential application of this promoter. Meanwhile, the sequence signatures have the potential to be used for tuning gene expression in enzyme production, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology.
Education as Mediation Between Child and World: The Role of Wonder
Authors: Schinkel Anders 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEducation as a deliberate activity and purposive process necessarily involves mediation, in the sense that the educator mediates between the child and the world. This can take different forms: the educator may function as a guide who initiates children into particular practices and domains and their modes of thinking and perceiving; or act as a filter, selecting what of the world the child encounters and how; or meet the child as representative of the adult world. I look at these types of mediation (or aspects of the mediating role of the educator) at the hand of the work of John Dewey, Martin Buber, Hannah Arendt, and Richard Peters. The purpose of this paper is to explore the bearing that the mediating role of the educator—as interpreted by these authors—has on the role wonder may play in the educational process. I suggest that initiation highlights the familiarizing function of wonder, and is most readily associated with inquisitive wonder; representation draws attention to the defamiliarizing role of (in particular contemplative) wonder, as well as to its world-affirming role; and selection (the educator as ‘filter’) foregrounds the distinction between momentary and dispositional wonder.
Correlation Between the Total Small Bowel Length and Anthropometric Measures in Living Humans: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bekheit Mohamed , Ibrahim Mohamed Y. , Tobar Wael , Galal Ibrahim , Elward Athar S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Variation in the outcome of bariatric surgery is still an unraveled phenomenon. This variation could be multifactorial. Several reports implicate the total small bowel length (TSBL) in this process. However, the basic information regarding the normal bowel length and its relation to the anthropometric parameters of the living subject is scarce. This study aims at reporting the normal total bowel length in living adult humans and its correlation with the anthropometric parameters.

Methods
This study included 606 participants (380 females and 226 males). Their mean age was 39.8 ± 11 years, weight = 135.7 ± 29.7 kg, height = 165 ± 9 cm, and BMI = 49.5 ± 7.5 kg/m2.
The mean TSBL was 630 ± 175 cm. There was a statistically significant but very weak positive correlation but between the TSBL and both weight and height.
Males had significantly higher weight and were significantly taller compared with females. TSBL was significantly longer in males at 661.5 ± 186 cm versus 612 ± 164 cm in females.

Conclusion
The study reports an average TSBL greater than what is reported in the literature from living humans with a greater range of variation. There is no clinically important correlation between the TSBL and the weight and height of the individual participants in this series.
Cost-reduction strategies in massive genomics experiments
Authors: Li Haichao , Wu Kun , Ruan Chenchen , Pan Jiao , Wang Yujin , Long Hongan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Many modern biology studies require deep, whole-genome sequencing of hundreds to thousands of samples. Although per-sample costs have dramatically decreased, the total budget for such massive genome sequencing constitutes a significant barrier for poorly funded labs. The costly lab tools required for genomics experiments further hinder such studies. Here, we share two strategies for extensively reducing the costs of massive genomics experiments, including miniaturization of the NEBNext Ultra II FS DNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina (reducing the per-sample total costs to ~ 1/6 of that charged by service providers) and in-lab 3D model-designing of genomics tools. These strategies not only dramatically release funding pressure for labs, but also provide students with additional training in hands-on genomics and 3D-model-designing skills, demonstrating the high potential for their application in genomics experiments and science education.
Age‐related retinal thickness in Down's syndrome: A high‐risk population for dementia
Authors: Walpert Madeleine J. , Normando Eduardo M. , Annus Tiina , Jennings Sally R. , Wilson Liam R. , Watson Peter , Zaman Shahid H. , Cordeiro M. Francesca , Holland Anthony J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionPeople with Down's syndrome (DS) have a high prevalence of early‐onset Alzheimer's disease. Early markers of Alzheimer's disease pathology identifiable before clinical change are needed for the evaluation of preventative treatments. The retina, an extension of the brain, may provide a noninvasive imaging site.MethodsForty‐nine adults with DS and 36 age‐matched controls completed retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) assessments using optical coherence tomography. RNFL thickness was analyzed in relation to cognitive status and age and previously acquired cortical thickness and cerebral amyloid β binding data in a subgroup.ResultsRNFL thickness was greater in the DS group and did not show age‐related thinning. RNFL correlated positively with cognitive scores and cortical thickness and was reduced in participants with positive cerebral amyloid β binding.DiscussionIncreased RNFL in adults with DS may represent early Alzheimer's disease–related changes. Thinning was present in those with cerebral amyloid β binding, independent of age.
Preserved Serotonergic Activity in Early-Onset Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Park Hee Kyung , Lee Jae-Jung , Park Young-Min 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT:Background:Serotonergic dysfunction may play an important role in motor and nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) has been used to evaluate serotonergic activity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine central serotonergic activity using LDAEP in de novo PD according to the age at onset and changes in serotonergic activity after dopaminergic treatment.Methods:A total of 30 patients with unmedicated PD, 16 in the early-onset and 14 in the late-onset groups, were enrolled. All subjects underwent comprehensive neurological examination, laboratory tests, the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, and LDAEP. The LDAEP was calculated as the slope of the two N1/P2 peaks measured at the Cz electrode, first at baseline conditions (pretreatment) and a second time after 12 weeks (post-treatment) following dopaminergic medications.Results:The absolute values of pretreatment N1/P2 LDAEP (early-onset: late-onset, 0.99 ± 0.68: 1.62 ± 0.88, p = 0.035) and post-treatment N1 LDAEP (early-onset: late-onset, −0.61 ± 0.61: −1.26 ± 0.91, p = 0.03) were significantly lower in the early-onset group compared with those of the late-onset group. In addition, a higher value of pretreatment N1/P2 LDAEP was significantly correlated with the late-onset group (coefficient = 1.204, p = 0.044). The absolute value of the N1 LDAEP decreased after 12 weeks of taking dopaminergic medication (pretreatment: post-treatment, −1.457 ± 1.078: −0.904 ± 0.812, p = 0.0018).Conclusions:Based on the results of this study, LDAEP could be a marker for serotonergic neurotransmission in PD. Central serotonergic activity assessed by LDAEP may be more preserved in early-onset PD patients and can be altered with dopaminergic medication.
Novel risk factors for central-line associated bloodstream infections in critically ill children
Authors: Woods-Hill Charlotte Z. , Srinivasan Lakshmi , Schriver Emily , Haj-Hassan Tanya , Bezpalko Orysia , Sammons Julia S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjective:Central-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) cause morbidity and mortality in critically ill children. We examined novel and/or modifiable risk factors for CLABSI to identify new potential targets for infection prevention strategies.Methods:This single-center retrospective matched case-control study of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients was conducted in a 60-bed PICU from April 1, 2013, to December 31, 2017. Case patients were in the PICU, had a central venous catheter (CVC), and developed a CLABSI. Control patients were in the PICU for ≥2 days, had a CVC for ≥3 days, and did not develop a CLABSI. Cases and controls were matched 1:4 on age, number of complex chronic conditions, and hospital length of stay.Results:Overall, 72 CLABSIs were matched to 281 controls. Univariate analysis revealed 14 risk factors, and 4 remained significant in multivariable analysis: total number of central line accesses in the 3 days preceding CLABSI (80+ accesses: OR, 4.8;P= .01), acute behavioral health needs (OR, 3.2;P= .02), CVC duration >7 days (8–14 days: OR, 4.2;P= .01; 15–29 days: OR, 9.8;P< .01; 30–59 days: OR, 17.3;P< .01; 60–89 days: OR, 39.8;P< .01; 90+ days: OR, 4.9;P= .01), and hematologic/immunologic disease (OR, 1.5;P= .05).Conclusions:Novel risk factors for CLABSI in PICU patients include acute behavioral health needs and >80 CVC accesses in the 3 days before CLABSI. Interventions focused on these factors may reduce CLABSIs in this high-risk population.
Performing excess: urban ceremony and the semiotics of precarity in Guinea-Conakry
Authors: Cohen Adrienne J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn Conakry, the capital city of the Republic of Guinea, dance ceremonies calledsabars, derived from a Senegalese genre of the same name, have become extremely popular for wedding celebrations. Sabar's rise in Guinea coincided with the liberalization of the country's economy and the opening of national borders in the wake of state socialism (1958–84) – events that have produced profound uncertainty for average citizens. This article explores sabar as a practice that grapples affectively with the social and economic changes neoliberal reform has engendered within Guinea. Sabar ceremonies are characterized by instantiations of excess, including hypersexualized dancing, electric amplification and theatrical displays of opulence. By examining excess as an ‘emergent’ quality whose cultural value is undetermined, the article demonstrates how dancers participate in the active constitution and questioning of collective value in Conakry, and how embodiment is central to an anthropology of precarity.