bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Center‐out EPI (COEPI): A fast single‐shot imaging technique with a short TE
Authors: Chen Xudong , Zhu Ante , Du Yiping P. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeTo develop a center‐out echo planar imaging (COEPI) acquisition technique to increase SNR through minimizing the TE.MethodsIn single‐shot COEPI, the phase‐encoding starts from the center (ky = 0) toward both sides of k‐space to substantially shorten the TE compared to the conventional single‐shot EPI. The phase‐encoding gradient waveform is partially overlapped with the frequency‐encoding gradient waveform to keep the echo spacing constant during the echo train readout. A reconstruction pipeline was developed to correct for phase and off‐resonance errors in COEPI. Gradient‐recalled echo (GRE), spin echo (SE), and DWI COEPI were obtained in phantoms and healthy brains at 1.5 tesla (T) and 3.0T. The SNR in COEPI and single‐shot partial ky EPI was compared.ResultsAcquisition matrix of 128 × 80 (16 overscan lines) was obtained in both COEPI and EPI. At 1.5T/3.0T, a minimum TE of 3 ms/4 ms in GRE‐COEPI, 11 ms/12 ms in SE‐COEPI, and 40 ms in DWI‐COEPI (3.0T only, maximum b value = 2000 s/mm2) was achieved, compared to a minimum TE of 18 ms/16 ms in GRE‐EPI, 37 ms/34 ms in SE‐EPI, and 66 ms in DWI‐EPI, respectively. Image blurring and Nyquist ghost appear in COEPI and were substantially reduced after corrections. At 1.5T/3.0T, a SNR increase of 27.7% ± 6.9%/20.7% ± 7.0% in GRE‐COEPI and 37.7% ± 5.7%/28.2% ± 1.3% in SE‐COEPI was observed in white matter of human brains, compared to GRE‐EPI and SE‐EPI, respectively. At 3.0T, a SNR increase of 41.2% ± 4.1% in DWI‐COEPI was observed in white matter of 5 subjects at 5 b values (0~2000 s/mm2), compared to DWI‐EPI.ConclusionThe feasibility of COEPI and its SNR benefit were demonstrated in this study.
Occupational balance and its association with life satisfaction in men and women with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Wagman Petra , Ahlstrand Inger , Björk Mathilda , Håkansson Carita 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionDespite improved treatments and reduced disability, people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) experience difficulties in daily life, which may negatively affect their balance of everyday life activities (occupational balance). The aim of this study was to describe occupational balance and its association with self‐rated life satisfaction in men and women with RA.MethodsA survey, including demographic and health‐related questions, was sent to 1,277 people who met the following criteria: with RA >4 years, aged 18–80 years, included in the Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register (SRQ), and had at least one registered visit to the participating rheumatology units in the year before inclusion. The 682 who answered all items in the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ) were included in the study. Their answers were analysed with descriptive statistics, and logistic regression analyses were conducted on men and women separately.ResultsSignificantly higher occupational balance was identified in those participants who were >65 years, had no children at home, had a lower disease activity score, were not continuously stressed and reported low pain intensity. The results of the logistic regression analyses of both genders showed that higher occupational balance was significantly associated with a higher probability for rating themselves as being satisfied with life as a whole.ConclusionOccupational balance was identified as related to satisfaction with life as a whole, which is valuable information for health professionals. Enhanced occupational balance may be achieved in people with RA by working towards reducing their stress and pain.
Sonoanatomy of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve
Authors: Choi Hanboram , Yoon Joon Shik 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionThis study evaluated the sonoanatomy of the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve (DBUN) using high‐resolution ultrasonography (HRUS).MethodsIn 60 wrists of 30 healthy adults, the gross course, cross‐sectional area (CSA), and diameter of the DBUN were observed by HRUS (frequency band 3–16 MHz). Its course was assessed by using the distance from anatomical landmarks and depth from the skin.ResultsThe DBUN was found in all subjects with HRUS, and it branched off from the ulnar nerve before reaching the hamate bone. At the hook‐of‐hamate level, the mean DBUN CSA was 1.5 ± 0.2 mm2, and the mean diameter was 1.5 ± 0.2 mm. The mean distance from the hamate hook to the DBUN was 5.4 ± 1.0 mm, and the mean depth from the skin was 8.6 ± 1.6 mm.DiscussionSonoanatomy of the DBUN obtained from HRUS may be useful in detecting or preventing DBUN lesions.
Effects of Latitude, Season, and Temperature on Lake Sturgeon Movement
Authors: Moore Michael J. , Paukert Craig P. , Moore Travis L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Ecologists have a limited understanding of the rangewide variation in movement behavior in freshwater fishes, but recent expansion of biotelemetry allows biologists to investigate how fish movement can help to predict behavioral shifts in response to changing environments. The Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens is a wide-ranging, migratory, coolwater species, making it a candidate species for studying patterns in movement ecology. We conducted a literature review and meta-analysis of seasonal movement data compiled from 38 Lake Sturgeon telemetry studies in North America to build an understanding of spatiotemporal variation in movement behavior. Lake Sturgeon movement studies were underrepresented for low-latitude populations in the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio/Tennessee River basins. Highest movement usually occurred during spring spawning migrations, whereas other populations exhibited their highest movement in the fall, potentially in order to overwinter near spawning grounds. Our meta-regression analysis indicated that latitude or summer maximum temperature best predicted standardized mean difference between spring and summer movement in Lake Sturgeon populations across the species’ range. Our results suggest that Lake Sturgeon populations at lower latitudes and those that experience warmer summer temperatures have lower summer movement relative to spring movement. Managers may use this information to prioritize actions promoting the conservation of seasonally important habitats for the continued recovery of migratory coolwater fish (e.g., Lake Sturgeon) that potentially experience stressful thermal conditions.
Cases of serpens endocrania symmetrica in young individuals from Neolithic Western Switzerland: Description and interpretation
Authors: Abegg Claudine , Dutour Olivier , Desideri Jocelyne , Besse Marie 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEndocranial lesions known as serpens endocrania symmetrica (SES) appear relatively frequently in the paleopathological record, but their significance often goes undiscussed. For the past decade, however, research has proved conclusively that their presence is an indicator of illnesses within the corpus. As such, cases found in the archaeological record can provide clues as to the kinds of diseases that prehistoric populations endured. We report four cases of young individuals from Neolithic Western Switzerland bearing SES on their craniums and discuss the implications of such findings in terms of the paleopathological profile of these populations. The following article provides documentation for each case as well as a differential diagnosis including tuberculosis, meningitis, trauma, and metabolic conditions such as scurvy. These four individuals represent the oldest cases of such lesions described for this region.
Thin Coatings of α‐ and β‐Bi2O3 by Ultrasonic Spray Coating of a Molecular Bismuth Oxido Cluster and their Application for Photocatalytic Water Purification Under Visible Light
Authors: Hofmann Max , Rößner Leonard , Armbrüster Marc , Mehring Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThin coatings of Bi2O3 were deposited on glass substrates by ultrasonic spray coating of THF solutions of the molecular precursor [Bi38O45(OMc)24(DMSO)9] ⋅ 2DMSO ⋅ 7H2O (OMc=O2CC3H5) followed by hydrolysis and subsequent annealing. Depending on the synthetic protocol, the bismuth oxido cluster was transformed into either α‐ or β‐Bi2O3. The as‐synthesized Bi2O3 coatings were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), thickness measurements, diffuse reflectance UV‐Vis spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thin coatings (thickness: 5–16 μm) were compared with regard to their performance in photocatalytic rhodamine B (RhB) decomposition under visible light irradiation. The β‐Bi2O3 coatings, that showed the highest photocatalytic activity, were used for the photocatalytic decomposition of other pollutants such as triclosan and ethinyl estradiol. In addition, the interplay between the photooxidation that is induced by the excitation of the catalyst using visible light and the photosensitized decomposition pathway was studied by degradation experiments of aqueous rhodamine B solutions using β‐Bi2O3 coatings.
Planarization‐Induced Activation Wavelength Red‐Shift and Thermal Half‐Life Acceleration in Hydrazone Photoswitches
Authors: Shao Baihao , Aprahamian Ivan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe optimization and modulation of the properties of photochromic compounds, such as their activation wavelengths and thermal relaxation half‐lives (τ1/2), are essential for their adaptation in various applications. In this work, we studied the effect of co‐planarization of the rotary fragment of two photochromic hydrazones with the core of the molecule on their switching properties. The Z and E isomers of both compounds exhibit red‐shifted absorption bands relative to their twisted versions, allowing for their photoswitching using longer wavelengths of light. Additionally, the thermal half‐lives of both hydrazones are drastically shortened from hundreds of years to days.
Host‐Guest Chemistry of Truncated Tetrahedral Imine Cages with Ammonium Ions
Authors: Lauer Jochen C. , Pang Ziwei , Janßen Paul , Rominger Frank , Kirschbaum Tobias , Elstner Marcus , Mastalerz Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThree shape‐persistent [4+4] imine cages with truncated tetrahedral geometry with different window sizes were studied as hosts for the encapsulation of tetra‐n‐alkylammonium salts of various bulkiness. In various solvents the cages behave differently. For instance, in dichloromethane the cage with smallest window size takes up NEt4+ but not NMe4+, which is in contrast to the two cages with larger windows hosting both ions. To find out the reason for this, kinetic experiments were carried out to determine the velocity of uptake but also to deduce the activation barriers for these processes. To support the experimental results, calculations for the guest uptakes have been performed by molecular mechanics’ simulations. Finally, the complexation of pharmaceutical interested compounds, such as acetylcholine, muscarine or denatonium have been determined by NMR experiments.
Exercise plus caloric restriction lowers soluble RAGE in adults with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Malin Steven K. , Navaneethan Sankar D. , Fealy Ciaran E. , Scelsi Amanda , Huang Hazel , Rocco Michael , Kirwan John P. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIntroductionThe incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased in recent years. CKD is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, although the mechanism remains unclear. Elevated soluble form of the receptor for advanced glycation end products ( RAGE) is related to proinflammatory signaling pathways that may promote diabetic nephropathy and vascular dysfunction. Because lifestyle modification reduces systematic inflammation in adults with obesity and hyperglycaemia, the hypothesis that exercise plus caloric restriction would lower soluble RAGE in adults with CKD was tested in this study.MethodsEight adults (n = 6 females; age: 56.3 ± 2.8 y; BMI: 43.7 ± 2.2 kg/m2; 2‐h OGTT glucose: 215 ± 9.8 mg/dL; eGFR: 49.6 ± 3.3 mL/min/1.73 m2) were enrolled in a 12‐week pilot lifestyle intervention (supervised aerobic exercise [5 d/wk, up to 60 min/d at approximately 65%‐85% HRmax] plus low‐fat dietary counseling). Body composition (DXA), aerobic fitness (VO2max), insulin sensitivity (120 min 75 g OGTT; Matsuda Index), plasma levels of soluble RAGE and fetuin‐A were measured before and after the intervention.ResultsExercise reduced body weight, fasting glucose, and fetuin‐A as well as increased VO2max, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity (all P < .05). Lifestyle intervention decreased plasma soluble RAGE (pre: 1018.1 ± 163 vs post: 810.6 ± 119.6 ng/mL; P = .02), and the decrease was associated with a lower 2‐hour blood glucose (r = 0.76, P = .03) and with increased insulin sensitivity (r = −0.90, P < .01).ConclusionsExercise and caloric restriction are effective at lowering soluble RAGE in relation to glucose regulation in patients with CKD.
The impact of tobacco chemicals and nicotine on placental development
Authors: Suter Melissa A. , Aagaard Kjersti M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite decades of messages warning about the dangers of tobacco use in pregnancy, 10% to 15% of pregnant women continue to smoke. Furthermore, an increased popularity of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) over the past decade in women of childbearing age raises parallel concerns regarding the effects of vaporized nicotine use in pregnancy. While research using animal models which mimic tobacco smoke and nicotine exposure in pregnancy have largely replicated findings in humans, few studies focus directly on the effects of these exposures on the placenta. Because the placenta is a fetal derived tissue, and nicotine and other components of tobacco smoke are either processed by or transported directly through the placenta, such studies help us understand the risks of these exposures on the developing fetus. In this review, we summarize research on the placenta and placental‐derived cells examining either tobacco smoke or nicotine exposure, including both histologic and subcellular (ie, epigenetic and molecular) modifications. Collectively, these studies reveal that tobacco and nicotine exposure are accompanied by some common and several unique molecular and epigenomic placental modifications. Consideration of the nature and sequelae of these molecular mediators of risk may help to better inform the public and more effectively curtail modifiable behavior.
Luminescent core–shell nanoparticles with crosslinked aggregation‐induced emission core structures: Emission both in solution and solid states
Authors: Nakabayashi Kazuhiro , Takata Mizuki , Furukawa Masaki , Mori Hideharu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLuminescent core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) with crosslinked aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) core structures, which exhibited excellent emission independent of the dispersion state of the NPs, have been developed by a facile one‐pot method based on the self‐assembly of an amphiphilic block copolymer poly(PEGMA)‐b‐poly(DB3VT). Core–shell micelles with a poly(DB3VT) core were formed from poly(PEGMA)‐b‐poly(DB3VT) in tetrahydrofuran (THF)/H2O condition, and the crosslinked AIE‐based structure was selectively incorporated into the core by the Suzuki coupling reaction between poly(DB3VT) blocks and tetraphenylethylene (TPE)‐based coupling monomers at the same time. This method afforded a uniform NP with a crosslinked TPE‐based AIE core structure. The obtained NP exhibited excellent emission both in diluted solution and solid states. This result indicated that the formed TPE‐based AIE core structure was always aggregated regardless of NP dispersion owing to the crosslinking as we expected. The crosslinked TPE‐based AIE core structure, which was related to the emission property, was readily tuned by the selection and combination of coupling monomers in the Suzuki coupling reaction. By incorporating electron‐deficient units into the core, the emission color could be successfully tuned from yellow‐green to orange and red while maintaining the emission property independent of the state of the NP dispersion. These results demonstrated that NPs with the crosslinked AIE core structures are a promising luminescent material design motif to realize emission independent on molecular dispersion.
Impact of scoliosis surgery on pulmonary function in patients with muscular dystrophies and spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Farber Harold J. , Phillips William A. , Kocab Kenneth L. , Hanson Darrell S. , Heydemann John A. , Dahl Benny T. , Spoede Elizabeth T. , Jefferson Larry S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundScoliosis is a common complication of severe neuromuscular diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of posterior spinal fusion on pulmonary function parameters in patients with severe neuromuscular disease at our medical center.MethodsRetrospective chart review of all patients with severe neuromuscular disease who had posterior spinal fusion between 2012 and 2017 at Texas Children's Hospital. Patients with growing rods, brain injury or malformation, and/or spina bifida were excluded. Pulmonary function measures before and after spinal surgery were determined.ResultsA total of 20 eligible patients were identified, 7 with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 6 with spinal muscular atrophy, 3 with merosin deficient muscular dystrophy, 2 with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth, 1 with central core disease, and 1 with dystroglycanopathy. The mean change in vital capacity from pre‐ to postspine surgery was a loss of 0.63 L for the spinal muscular atrophy patients, a loss of 0.36 L for the Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients, and a gain of 0.23 L for the merosin deficient patients. The difference between spinal muscular atrophy and merosin deficient patients was statistically significant (P = .02)ConclusionIn this single‐center retrospective study, we found that after spine surgery for scoliosis, all patients with spinal muscular atrophy and most patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy lost vital capacity, while the patients with merosin deficient muscular dystrophy gained vital capacity. These differences were not associated with differences is respiratory strength, body mass index, or surgical outcomes.
Prediction of PBX‐9502 Pop‐Plots at Different Temperatures, Using the Reactive Flow Model TDRR
Authors: Partom Yehuda 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn Figure 3 of [1] Gustavsen et al. show Pop‐plots of an insensitive high explosive at six initial temperatures from −196 °C to 250 °C. For this range of temperature (450 °C) the run distance (or reaction rate) changes by a factor of 40. We use here our TDRR reactive flow model to predict those Pop‐plots. The reaction rate of TDRR increases with the temperature of the reactant, which gives it a good chance to succeed in predicting the experimental results. And indeed our predictions of the six Pop‐plots are all within the experimental error brackets.
Satellite‐based top‐down Lagrangian approach to quantify aerosol emissions over California
Authors: Nizar Sinan , Dodamani B.M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAccurate forecasting of air quality demands better estimates of aerosol emissions. The accuracy of conventional bottom‐up approaches to estimate aerosol emissions depends on the degree to which various influencing parameters are estimated. The availability of satellite observations not only enhances the capability of determining various influencing parameters, but also provides alternate ways of assessing aerosol sources. The present study employs a Lagrangian approach to the Advection Diffusion Equation (ADE) to estimate the transported aerosols and hence the Aerosol Source Strength (ASS) using satellite‐measured Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and reanalysis wind data. This top‐down approach is based on the advection and diffusion of atmospheric aerosols considering wind circulation and atmospheric conditions rather than using indicative parameters. ASS was computed every 3 hr at a 0.25°×0.25° grid across California during July 2018. For the computation, AOD retrievals were obtained from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)‐16 with observations every 15 min. The data were resampled to the grid every 3 hr, and backward trajectories were run at every gridpoint to ascertain the initial aerosol concentration for the ADE. The final aerosol concentrations obtained from the ADE model were then compared with the observed AOD to obtain the ASS during that time period. The results are indicative of higher ASS around wildfire locations. The ASS values also show good correlation (R2=0.886) with Fire Radiative Power (FRP) obtained from Terra MODIS fire product. The method was further applied to investigate the spatial correlation of ASS with power plant density, which reveals a steady increase in ASS with power plant density (R2=0.82).
Toward the origin of life over feldspar surfaces: Adsorption of amino acids and catalysis of conformational interconversions
Authors: Hu Qiaoli , Yun Jiena , Yang Gang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFeldspars are a group of tectosilicate minerals terminated with a full layer of hydroxyl groups and have been regarded as “hotbed” for birth of life. In this study, periodic density functional theory calculations are conducted to address two associated issues, as adsorption of amino acids and conformational interconversions over feldspar surfaces. Distribution of glycine isomers depends strongly on the number of interacted surface silanols (n), and canonical isomers exist exclusively for n ≤ 2 while zwitterions predominate for n = 3. Adsorption of amino acids is significantly affected by sidechains, especially those forming H‐bonds with surfaces; however, sidechain contacts with feldspar surfaces disfavor zwitterion stabilization, and zwitterions become preferred without sidechain contacts. For all amino acids, conformational interconversions undergo four elementary steps, and proton transfer between two carboxylic‐O atoms (step 2) is always rate‐decisive. Step 2 is greatly accelerated with catalysis of surface silanols and activation barriers depend significantly on sidechains. All amino acids have moderate activation barriers and conformational interconversions (in both forward and reverse directions) proceed favorably at ambient conditions. Sidechains of amino acids exhibit influences through sidechain contacts with surfaces rather than as substituent effect.