bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programmable Assembly of Nano‐architectures through Designing Anisotropic DNA Origami Patches
Authors: Wang Mingyang , Dai Lizhi , Duan Jialin , Ding Zhiyuan , Wang Peng , Li Zheng , Xing Hang , Tian Ye 
Published: January 2020

AbstractProgrammable assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) into well‐defined architectures has attracted attention because of tailored properties resulting from coupling effects. However, general and precise approaches to control binding modes between NPs remain a challenge owing to the difficulty in manipulating the accurate positions of the functional patches on the surface of NPs. Here, a strategy is developed to encage spherical NPs into pre‐designed octahedral DNA origami frames (DOFs) through DNA base‐pairings. The DOFs logically define the arrangements of functional patches in three dimensions, owing to the programmability of DNA hybridization, and thus control the binding modes of the caged nanoparticle with designed anisotropy. Applying the node‐and‐spacer approach that was widely used in crystal engineering to design coordination polymers, patchy NPs could be rationally designed with lower symmetry encoded to assemble a series of nano‐architectures with high‐order geometries.
Towards Long‐Term Photostability of Nickel Hydroxide/BiVO4 Photoanodes for Oxygen Evolution Catalysts via In Situ Catalyst Tuning
Authors: Gao Rui‐Ting , He Dan , Wu Lijun , Hu Kan , Liu Xianhu , Su Yiguo , Wang Lei 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIncreasing long‐term photostability of BiVO4 photoelectrode is an important issue for solar water splitting. The NiOOH oxygen evolution catalyst (OEC) has fast water oxidation kinetics compared to the FeOOH OEC. However, it generally shows a lower photoresponse and poor stability because of the more substantial interface recombination at the NiOOH/BiVO4 junction. Herein, we utilize a plasma etching approach to reduce both interface/surface recombination at NiOOH/BiVO4 and NiOOH/electrolyte junctions. Further, adding Fe2+ into the borate buffer electrolyte alleviates the active but unstable character of etched‐NiOOH/BiVO4, leading to an outstanding oxygen evolution over 200 h. The improved charge transfer and photostability can be attributed to the active defects and a mixture of NiOOH/NiO/Ni in OEC induced by plasma etching. Metallic Ni acts as the ion source for the in situ generation of the NiFe OEC over long‐term durability.
“Self‐Lockable” Liquid Crystalline Diels–Alder Dynamic Network Actuators with Room Temperature Programmability and Solution Reprocessability
Authors: Jiang Zhi‐Chao , Xiao Yao‐Yu , Yin Lu , Han Li , Zhao Yue 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNovel main‐chain liquid crystalline Diels—Alder dynamic networks (LCDANs) were prepared that exhibit unprecedented ease for actuator programming and reprocessing compared to existing liquid crystalline network (LCN) systems. Following cooling from 125 °C, LCDANs are deformed with aligned mesogens self‐locked at room temperature by slowly formed Diels–Alder (DA) bonds, which allows for the formation of solid 3D actuators capable of reversible shape change, and strip walker and wheel‐capable light‐driven locomotion upon either thermally or optically induced order–disorder phase transition. Any actuator can readily be erased at 125 °C and reprogrammed into a new one under ambient conditions. Moreover, LCDANs can be processed directly from melt (for example, fiber drawing) and from solution (for example, casting tubular actuators), which cannot be achieved with LCNs using exchangeable covalent bonds. The combined attributes of LCDANs offer significant progress toward developing easily programmable/processable LCN actuators.
Bovine serum albumin gel/polyelectrolyte complex of hyaluronic acid and chitosan based microcarriers for Sorafenib targeted delivery
Authors: Paşcalău Violeta , Tertis Mihaela , Pall Emoke , Suciu Maria , Marinca Traian , Pustan Marius , Merie Violeta , Rus Iulia , Moldovan Cristian , Topala Tamara , Pavel Codruta , Popa Catalin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe development of systems for targeted delivery of Sorafenib in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma to reduce the systemic toxicity is a challenge. In our article, we successfully prepared core‐shell microcapsules based on bovine serum albumin gel with polyelectrolyte complex multilayer shell of polysaccharides with opposite charges, hyaluronic acid, and chitosan, encapsulating Sorafenib, as targeting delivery system for improved hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. A bovine serum albumin gel core was formed by a method based on a sacrificial CaCO3 template, followed by the multilayer shell build‐up of Ca2+ cross‐linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel, and subsequently alternating multilayers of the polyelectrolyte complex formed between hyaluronic acid and chitosan. The following techniques: Fourier‐transform infrared and UV–Vis spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used for the physicochemical characterization. These tests revealed the spherical shape of core‐shell type, the micro‐size, as well as the composition of microcapsules after their synthesis and proved the successful encapsulation and release of the drug. The promising results regarding encapsulation efficiency, Sorafenib release profile and cytotoxicity on HepG2 and mesenchymal stem cells, recommend Sorafenib loaded microcapsules as suitable targeted drug carriers for further in vivo studies for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.
The influence of seagrass donor source on small‐scale transplant resilience
Authors: McDonald Ashley M. , Christiaen Bart , Major Kelly M. , Cebrian Just 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Concern for conservation of seagrass habitat has prompted international transplantation‐style restoration efforts. A recent review of these restoration efforts has highlighted the low success associated with small‐scale restorations, yet scaling up transplantation effort may be too costly for underfunded regions. Small‐scale transplant survival can be enhanced with alleviation of two underlying issues: restoration site selection and donor site selection.
To investigate appropriate donor source selection, donor site environmental influence on seagrass (Halodule wrightii) transplant survival was examined by transplanting donor cores from two environmentally disparate sites to a transplantation site with limited environmental uncertainties. Donor sites were chosen to represent either end of a benthic light gradient (high versus low) to elucidate seagrass resilience to transplantation stress, with respect to donor site conditions.
After total loss of the first trial, a second trial was conducted with stabilizing mesh placed over transplants to reduce stingray bioturbation. The second trial resulted in 100% survival of high light transplants after 12 months and moderate survival (30–60%) of low light transplants for the first six months.
At 18 months, the second trial ended after sediment burial from a hurricane. One year post‐burial, a patch of H. wrightii recovered at the high light transplant site; after six years the patch expanded to approximately 74 m2, an area 37‐fold larger than originally planted.
Results from this transplant experiment provide evidence that donor environment plays a role in transplant resilience. The transplants sourced from high light had 47% greater leaf area per shoot, were more resistant to transplantation stress, and recovered following an extreme event relative to low light transplants. Therefore, selection of donor plants with more resilience features, a transplantation site with limited environmental uncertainties, and adaptive intervention can enhance seagrass resilience at a small planting scale.
Comparative analysis of femoral biomechanical neck length in primates
Authors: Rein Thomas R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe unique abductor capability of the human lesser gluteal muscles among extant hominoids has been suggested to be associated, in part, with biomechanical neck length of the femur. Beyond the hominin lineage, the relationship between biomechanical neck length and locomotor performance remains unclear due, in part, to the limited number of primate taxa directly compared and the need to examine species characterized by a wider range of locomotor diversity. Measurements were taken on the proximal femora of 28 extant taxa, with each species being assigned to a locomotor and phylogenetic category. Pairwise comparisons and phylogenetic generalized least‐squares analysis were performed to examine the impact of phylogeny and locomotor adaptation on relative biomechanical neck length. Arboreal quadrupeds that perform varying proportions of climbing/clambering versus leaping were characterized by different biomechanical neck lengths, whereas semi‐terrestrial anthropoids that perform either knuckle‐walking or palmigrade/digitigrade quadrupedalism were found to have similar relative neck lengths. Samples categorized as either orthograde clamberers or bipeds were distinct from all other anthropoid samples and characterized by the relatively shortest and longest biomechanical neck lengths, respectively. Results of additional analyses that included prosimian primates suggest that relatively long biomechanical necks characterize species adapted to hind limb‐dominated forms of locomotion (e.g., vertical clinging and leaping and bipedalism). Thus, biomechanical neck length is useful for signaling reliance on bipedalism (as performed by humans) or leaping, including subtle variation in leaping performance among arboreal quadrupeds. Furthermore, this trait is informative regarding reliance on irregular gait clambering as performed by orangutans.
Generation of a Novel Rat Model of Angelman Syndrome with a Complete Ube3a Gene Deletion
Authors: Dodge Andie , Peters Melinda M. , Greene Hayden E. , Dietrick Clifton , Botelho Robert , Chung Diana , Willman Jonathan , Nenninger Austin W. , Ciarlone Stephanie , Kamath Siddharth G. , Houdek Pavel , Sumová Alena , Anderson Anne E. , Dindot Scott V. , Berg Elizabeth L. , O'Geen Henriette , Segal David J. , Silverman Jill L. , Weeber Edwin J. , Nash Kevin R. 
Published: January 2020

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by severe intellectual disability, seizures, lack of speech, and ataxia. The gene responsible for AS was identified as Ube3a and it encodes for E6AP, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Currently, there is very little known about E6AP's mechanism of action in vivo or how the lack of this protein in neurons may contribute to the AS phenotype. Elucidating the mechanistic action of E6AP would enhance our understanding of AS and drive current research into new avenues that could lead to novel therapeutic approaches that target E6AP's various functions. To facilitate the study of AS, we have generated a novel rat model in which we deleted the rat Ube3a gene using CRISPR. The AS rat phenotypically mirrors human AS with loss of Ube3a expression in the brain and deficits in motor coordination as well as learning and memory. This model offers a new avenue for the study of AS. Autism Res 2020, 13: 397–409. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research,Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryAngelman syndrome (AS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by severe intellectual disability, seizures, difficulty speaking, and ataxia. The gene responsible for AS was identified as UBE3A, yet very little is known about its function in vivo or how the lack of this protein in neurons may contribute to the AS phenotype. To facilitate the study of AS, we have generated a novel rat model in which we deleted the rat Ube3a gene using CRISPR. The AS rat mirrors human AS with loss of Ube3a expression in the brain and deficits in motor coordination as well as learning and memory. This model offers a new avenue for the study of AS.
Prognostic impact of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and cancer-associated fibroblasts in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma of the body and tail undergoing resection
Authors: Delayre T , Guilbaud T , Resseguier N , Mamessier E , Rubis M , Moutardier V , Fara R , Berdah S V , Garcia S , Birnbaum D J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer remains poor and novel therapeutic targets are required urgently. Treatment resistance could be due to the tumour microenvironment, a desmoplastic stroma consisting of cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of TILs and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in pancreatic cancer of the body and tail.

Methods
Using tissue microarray from resected left-sided pancreatic cancer specimens, the immunohistochemistry of TILs (cluster of differentiation (CD) 45, CD3, CD4, FoxP3 and CD8), CAFs (vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)) and functional markers (PD-L1 and Ki-67) was examined, and the association with disease-free (DFS) and overall (OS) survival investigated using a computer-assisted quantitative analysis. Patients were classified into two groups, with low or high levels or ratios, using the 75th percentile value as the cut-off.

Results
Forty-three patients were included in the study. Their median DFS and OS were 9 and 27 months respectively. A high CD4/CD3 lymphocyte ratio was associated with poorer DFS (8 months versus 11 months for a low ratio) (hazard ratio (HR) 2·23, 95 per cent c.i. 1·04 to 4·61; P = 0·041) and OS (13 versus 27 months respectively) (HR 2·62, 1·11 to 5·88; P = 0·028). A low αSMA/vimentin ratio together with a high CD4/CD3 ratio was correlated with poorer outcomes. No significant association was found between Ki-67, PD-L1 and survival.

Conclusion
In patients with resected left-sided pancreatic cancer, a tumour microenvironment characterized by a high CD4/CD3 lymphocyte ratio along with a low αSMA/vimentin ratio is correlated with poorer survival.
Metabolic responses of BV‐2 cells to puerarin on its polarization using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Ling , Wang Yan , Wang Hui , Lv Lei , Zhu Zhen‐Yu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMicroglia are the primary immune cells in the central nervous system with functional plasticity. They can be activated into M1 and M2 phenotypes when neuroinflammation‐related diseases occur. M1 phenotype cells produce pro‐inflammatory mediators that cause neuroinflammation and the M2 phenotype can secrete anti‐inflammatory cytokines that protect neurons from damage. Therefore, inhibiting the M1 phenotype while stimulating the M2 phenotype has been suggested as a potential therapeutic approach for treating neuroinflammation‐related diseases. Puerarin has been demonstrated to exert anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, the role of puerarin in regulating microglia polarization and its reaction mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this paper, a metabolomics approach with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was performed to investigate the metabolic changes of BV‐2 cells in different phenotypes and test the effects of puerarin on polarization. Thirty‐nine metabolites were identified as the biomarkers related to the polarization of BV‐2 cells and puerarin intervention reverted the content of most of the biomarkers. Our study demonstrated that puerarin could play a key role in M1/M2 polarization of BV‐2 cells from a perspective of metabolomics, and it could regulate the balance between promotion and suppression of inflammation.
Does the configuration of macro‐ and micro‐institutional environments affect the effectiveness of green supply chain integration?
Authors: Yang Qian , Geng Ruoqi , Feng Taiwen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDespite the importance of the general environment in affecting the effectiveness of green supply chain integration (GSCI), our understanding of the roles of different configurations of macro‐ and micro‐institutional environments remains limited. Based on institutional theory and resource mobilization theory, this study examined the moderating effects of the configurations of macro‐ and micro‐institutional environments on the GSCI performance link employing both a configuration and a contingency perspective. Our findings from a longitudinal survey of 206 Chinese manufacturing firms provide empirical evidence for the coexistence and nature of macro‐ and micro‐institutional environments and their moderating effect on the GSCI performance link. Specifically, the results revealed that Chinese manufacturers can be clustered into three groups with different macro‐ and micro‐institutional environments (i.e., cognizant, sensible, and conscious manufacturers). Furthermore, the configuration of macro‐ and micro‐institutional environments moderates the effect of green supplier integration on social performance, as well as the effects of green customer integration on financial, environmental, and social performance. This study contributes to both the GSCI literature and practices.
Anatomy, physiology, and updates on the clinical management of constipation
Authors: Dupont Graham , Wahl Lauren , Alcala Dominguez Tamara , Wong TL , Haładaj Robert , Wysiadecki Grzegorz , Iwanaga Joe , Tubbs R. Shane 
Published: January 2020

AbstractClinical management of constipation has evolved from the prescription of dietary supplements, to potent stimulant laxatives, to corrective surgeries for organic blockage. Yet constipation does not respond to a one‐size‐fits‐all treatment. In recent decades, the Bristol Stool Form Scale and Rome III diagnostic criteria have allowed for algorithmic diagnosis, yet these criteria could benefit from further extension and meaningful discussion. This review incorporates pertinent clinical updates and uses the anatomy and physiology of constipation as helpful signposts for the practicing clinician.
Breast cancer stromal clotting activation (Tissue Factor and thrombin): A pre‐invasive phenomena that is prognostic in invasion
Authors: Shaker Hudhaifah , Bundred Nigel J. , Landberg Göran , Pritchard Susan A. , Albadry Harith , Nicholson Sarah L. , Harries Lauren J. , Heah Jing Y. E. , Castle John , Kirwan Cliona C. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTumor stroma, of which fibroblasts are the most abundant cell, resembles a non‐healing wound, where a procoagulant environment creates a permissive milieu for cancer growth. We aimed to determine if tumor expression of coagulation factors (procoagulant phenotype), and systemic hypercoagulability, occur at the preinvasive (ductal carcinoma in situ; DCIS) stage and correlate with breast cancer subtype, disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS).MethodsIn a prospective cohort of early breast cancer (DCIS, n = 76; invasive, n = 248) tumor, normal breast and plasma were examined. Fibroblast and epithelial expression of Tissue Factor (TF), thrombin, PAR1, PAR2, and plasma thrombin‐antithrombin (TAT) and D‐dimer were correlated with clinicopathological data, and 5‐year survival.ResultsFibroblast expression of TF, thrombin, and PAR1 was increased in DCIS and invasive cancer compared to normal breast fibroblasts (P ≤ .003, all). Fibroblast TF, thrombin, PAR1, and PAR2 was increased in cancers with high Ki67, high grade, ER‐ (vs ER+), and HER2+ (vs HER2‐) (all P < .05). On univariate analysis, fibroblast TF expression was inversely associated with DFS (P = .04) and OS (P = .02). D‐dimer was higher in node positive (507 (CI: 411‐625) ng/mL, n = 68) vs negative patients (428 (CI: 387‐472) ng/mL, n = 171, P = .004) and inversely associated with OS (P = .047). On multivariate analysis, plasma TAT was associated with reduced OS (HR 3.26, CI 1.16‐3.1, P = .02), with a high plasma TAT (≥3.2 ng/mL) associated with > 3‐fold mortality risk compared to low TAT.ConclusionThis demonstrates procoagulant phenotypic changes occur in fibroblasts at the preinvasive stage. Fibroblast procoagulant phenotype is associated with aggressive breast cancer subtypes and reduced survival. Coagulation may be a therapeutic target in breast cancer.
The Same but Different? Exploring the Links between Gender, Trauma, Sexual Exploitation and Harmful Sexual Behaviours
Authors: Hallett Sophie , Deerfield Kat , Hudson Kirsty 
Published: January 2020

This article presents data on 1550 children and young people with experiences of child sexual exploitation or who are displaying harmful sexual behaviours (HSB). Data were collected from two recently merged services operating across Wales: one working with children and young people who are at risk of, or abused through, sexual exploitation; and the other providing assessment and intervention services for children and young people displaying HSB. Importantly, the research provided an opportunity for a comparative analysis of key demographic characteristics and abuse histories of two separate cohorts of children and young people. Clear differences exist across the two cohorts in terms of gender. However, our analysis revealed similar patterns in relation to their experiences of prior abuse, and the prevalence of a family history of domestic violence is near identical. We consider how these findings speak to a need to understand the role of gender, and to recognise potential gendered understandings and gendered trajectories of harm for children. Findings also indicate the importance of directing attention to the wellbeing needs of children and young people who have experienced trauma, regardless of the presenting issues of concern.‘Presents data on 1550 children and young people with experiences of child sexual exploitation or who are displaying harmful sexual behaviours’Key Practitioner Messages

CSE and HSB are different welfare concerns, but the children and young people referred to services for CSE and HSB may have similarly high levels of similar past trauma.
There is a need for a greater understanding of how behavioural responses to trauma can be different for boys and girls, and may lead to different risk trajectories.
Practitioners should be encouraged to be reflexive about their assumptions of sexual norms and behaviours among children, particularly in relation to gender and their ideas about vulnerability and risk.
Practice with children and young people would benefit from recognising and responding to trauma experiences, and also from directing attention to the specific wellbeing needs of individual children and young people, regardless of the presenting areas of concern, that is, CSE or HSB (and gender).
Assessment data collected should also reflect the backgrounds, needs and strengths of these children and young people, addressing the underlying issues behind potential vulnerability and harms, and not simply the risks that children and young people may pose or in which they may engage.