bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scalar dark matter, neutrino mass and leptogenesis in a U(1)
B−L
model
Authors: Mishra Subhasmita , Singirala Shivaramakrishna , Sahoo Suchismita 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We investigate the phenomenology of singlet scalar dark matter (DM) in a simple U(1)
B−L
gauge extension of the standard model, made anomaly-free with four exotic fermions. The enriched scalar sector and the new gauge boson Z′, associated with U(1) gauge extension, connect the dark sector to the visible sector. We compute relic density, consistent with Planck limit and a Z′ mediated DM-nucleon cross section, compatible with PandaX bound. The mass of Z′ and the corresponding gauge coupling are constrained from LEP-II and LHC dilepton searches. We also briefly scrutinize the tree-level neutrino mass with a dimension five operator. Furthermore, resonant leptogenesis phenomena is discussed with TeV-scale exotic fermions to produce the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe. Further, we briefly explain the impact of flavor in leptogenesis and we also project the combined constraints on Yukawa, consistent with oscillation data and observed baryon asymmetry. Additionally, we restrict the new gauge parameters by using the existing data on branching ratios of rare B(τ) decay modes. We see that the constraints from the dark sector are much more stringent from the flavor sector.
Properties of the density of shear transformations in driven amorphous solids
Authors: Ferrero Ezequiel E , Jagla Eduardo A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The strain load Δγ that triggers consecutive avalanches is a key observable in the slow deformation of amorphous solids. Its temporally averaged value ⟨Δγ⟩ displays a non-trivial system-size dependence that constitutes one of the distinguishing features of the yielding transition. Details of this dependence are not yet fully understood. We address this problem by means of theoretical analysis and simulations of elastoplastic models for amorphous solids. An accurate determination of the size dependence of ⟨Δγ⟩ leads to a precise evaluation of the steady-state distribution of local distances to instability x. We find that the usually assumed form P(x) ∼ x

θ
(with θ being the so-called pseudo-gap exponent) is not accurate at low x and that in general P(x) tends to a system-size-dependent finite limit as x → 0. We work out the consequences of this finite-size dependence standing on exact results for random-walks and disclosing an alternative interpretation of the mechanical noise felt by a reference site. We test our predictions in two- and three-dimensional elastoplastic models, showing the crucial influence of the saturation of P(x) at small x on the size dependence of ⟨Δγ⟩ and related scalings.
Non-equilibrium charge transport in a conjugated polymer
Authors: Cheng Xiao , Zhao Hui , Xie Hang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
To address the non-equilibrium transport mechanism in a conjugated polymer, we investigate the dynamics of the lattice deformation and the charge transport in a polymer chain coupled with the reservoirs by the time-dependent non-equilibrium Green’s function formulism. We find that the delocalized soliton lattice wave (SLW) forms in the polymer, rather than the well-known localized excitations such as polarons and solitons. The source reservoir drives an electron-like transient dynamic SLW while the drain reservoir drives the hole-like one. These transient SLWs propagate in opposite directions and then merge and relax to a steady SLW. These results are confirmed by our analytical derivation based on the continuum model. When the bias voltages are symmetric (μ
L = −μ
R), the dynamic SLW subsides to the stationary soliton lattice (SL). In the energy domain, the sandwich-structured non-full filled SL bands form in the original gap, which can provide the conduction channels. Especially, in the case of the symmetric bias voltages (μ
L = −μ
R), the SL band is half-filled. The transmission current is the major part of the total current and the rest minor part is the effective current induced by the charge density waves accompanied by the SLW.
The charge-density-wave signature on the superfluid density of cuprate superconductors
Authors: de Mello E V L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The superfluid density or superconducting (SC) carrier concentration n
sc of cuprates has been the subject of intense investigations but there is not any single theory capable to explain all the available data. Here we show that the behavior of n
sc in under and overdoped cuprates are a consequence of an SC interaction based on charge fluctuations in the incommensurate charge-density-waves (CDW) domains. We have shown that this interaction scales with the CDW amplitude or the pseudogap (PG) energy, yielding local SC amplitudes and Josephson currents. The average Josephson energy

E

J

is proportional to the phase stiffness or superfluid density ρ
sc ∝ n
sc. We find that n
sc(p) increases almost linearly with doping p in the underdoped region and in the charge abundant overdoped only a few fractions of the holes condense leading to two kinds of carriers, a recently confirmed feature. The calculations and the ρ
sc data uncover how the PG–CDW–SC intertwined orders operate to yield cuprates properties.
Possible observation of the signature of the bad metal phase and its crossover to a Fermi liquid in κ–(BEDT–TTF)2Cu(NCS)2 bulk and nanoparticles by Raman scattering
Authors: Revelli Beaumont M , Hemme P , Gallais Y , Sacuto A , Jacob K , Valade L , de Caro D , Faulmann C , Cazayous M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

κ‐(BEDT‐TTF)2Cu(NCS)2 has been investigated by Raman scattering in both bulk and nanoparticle compounds. Phonon modes from 20 to 1600 cm−1 have been assigned. Focusing on the unexplored low frequency phonons, a plateau in frequencies is observed in the bulk phonons between 50 and 100 K and assigned to the signature of the bad metal phase. Nanoparticles of κ‐(BEDT‐TTF)2Cu(NCS)2 exhibit anomalies at 50 K associated to the crossover from a bad metal to a Fermi liquid whose origins are discussed.
Korean-specific biokinetic model for iodine in radiological protection
Authors: Kwon Tae-Eun , Chung Yoonsun , Jin Young Woo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recently adopted a detailed biokinetic model for systemic iodine with reference transfer coefficients based on typical worldwide dietary intakes of stable iodine. The regional data provided demonstrate that the ICRP reference thyroidal biokinetics may differ substantially across regions with atypically low or high dietary intakes of stable iodine. Importantly, the design of the ICRP model facilitates modifications of reference thyroidal kinetics based on regional dietary iodine intake. The present study extended the ICRP model to the South Korean population, whose dietary iodine intake is much higher than the global mean. The following three transfer coefficients were selected as targets for Korean-specific values: thyroidal uptake rate (λ
1), hormonal secretion rate (λ
4) and leakage rate of thyroidal organic iodine as inorganic iodide (λ
5). The Korean-specific values for λ
1, λ
4 and λ
5 were determined to be 4.48, 0.0086 and 0.0171 d−1, respectively, to yield the measurements of thyroidal iodine and physiological status of Korean adults. The determined λ
1 and λ
5 values differed noticeably from the ICRP values, whereas the λ
4 value was comparable to that of the ICRP. Compared with the ICRP reference model, the Korean model, in which the Korean-specific transfer coefficients were adopted, predicted noticeably lower thyroidal uptake and faster decrease of thyroidal iodine. In addition, the predicted cumulative activities of radioiodine in the thyroid were substantially lower (40–80%) than those predicted by the ICRP model. The Korean model developed in this study demonstrates that the iodine biokinetics for Koreans (i.e. a population with a high iodine consumption) obviously differ from the prediction of the ICRP model. Hence, the Korean model may serve to improve the accuracy of thyroid dose estimation for Koreans and will lead to practical changes in matters concerned with radiological protection.
Study of local anodic oxidation regimes in MoSe2
Authors: Borodin Bogdan R , Benimetskiy Fedor A , Alekseev Prokhor A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Scanning probe microscopy is widely known not only as a well-established research method but also as a set of techniques enabling precise surface modification. One such technique is local anodic oxidation (LAO). In this study, we investigate the LAO of MoSe2 transferred on an Au/Si substrate, focusing specifically on the dependence of the height and diameter of oxidized dots on the applied voltage and time of exposure at various humidities. Depending on the humidity, two different oxidation regimes were identified. The first, at a relative humidity (RH) of 60%–65%, leads to in-plane isotropic oxidation. For this regime, we analyze the dependence of the size of oxidized dots on the oxidation parameters and modify the classical equation of oxidation kinetics to account for the properties of MoSe2 and its oxide. In this regime, patterns with a maximum spatial resolution of 10 nm were formed on the MoSe2 surface. The second is the in-plane anisotropic oxidation regime that arises at a RH of 40%–50%. In this regime, oxidation leads to the formation of triangles oxidized inside the zigzag edges. Based on the mutual orientation of zigzag and armchair directions in successive oxidized layers, the stacking type and phase of MoSe2 flakes were determined. These results allow LAO to be considered not only as an ultra-high-resolution nanolithography method, but also as a method for investigating the crystal structure of materials with strong intrinsic anisotropy, such as transition metal dichalcogenides.
The MEMOS-U code description of macroscopic melt dynamics in fusion devices
Authors: Thorén E , Ratynskaia S , Tolias P , Pitts R A 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe MEMOS-U physics model, addressing macroscopic melt motion in large deformation and long displacement regimes, and its numerical schemes are presented. Discussion is centred on the shallow water application to the metallic melts induced by hot magnetized plasmas, where phase transitions and electromagnetic responses are pivotal. The physics of boundary conditions with their underlying assumptions are analysed and the sensitivity to experimental input uncertainties is emphasized. The JET transient tungsten melting experiment (Coenenet al2015Nucl. Fusion55023010) is simulated to illustrate the MEMOS-U predictive power and to highlight key aspects of tokamak melt dynamics.
High-power and broadband microwave detection with a quasi-vertical GaN Schottky barrier diode by novel post-mesa nitridation
Authors: Sun Yue , Kang Xuanwu , Deng Shixiong , Zheng Yingkui , Wei Ke , Xu Linwang , Wu Hao , Liu Xinyu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We report a high-performance GaN Schottky barrier diode (SBD) on a sapphire substrate with a novel post-mesa nitridation technique and its application in a high-power microwave detection circuit. The fabricated SBD achieved a very high forward current density of 9.19 kA cm−2 at 3 V, a low specific on-resistance (R
ON,sp) of 0.22 mΩ cm2 and breakdown voltage of 106 V. An extremely high output current of 400 mA was obtained when the detected power reached 38.4 dBm@3 GHz in pulsed-wave mode with a small anode diameter of 70 μm. Meanwhile, broadband detection at frequencies ranging from 1 to 6 GHz was achieved at 33 dBm in continuous-wave mode.
An autonomous switch based on a rotating magnet driven by magnetic launchers
Authors: Boisseau Sebastien , Tosoni Olivier , Delette Gerard , Alessandri Baptiste , Boucaud Matthieu , Bohnke Marc , Despesse Ghislain , Cellier Christophe , Rannou Fabien , Baeza Alexandre , Perrot Alexandre , Daccord Marcel , Cessot Stéphane , Leprince Jérome , Vulcano Bruno , Bossan Christian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper reports on an innovative electromagnetic energy harvester for autonomous switches relying on a rotating magnet driven by magnetic launchers, and combined with a ferromagnetic circuit and a coil to turn the variation of magnetic flux induced by the rotating magnet into electricity. The device is able to operate on forward and backward translation movements. The energy harvester has been modeled, optimized, manufactured, characterized and integrated into a mechanical actuation system to form a complete autonomous switch that will be commercially available. The experimental output energy reaches 1.235 mJ (350 µJ cm−3) which is among the highest output energies and energy densities reached on autonomous switches in the state of the art. The electromechanical conversion efficiency is 56%, which is excellent for an energy harvester, and obtained thanks to the topology chosen for the electromagnetic converter. The energy harvester is finally connected to a diode-bridge-capacitor circuit to supply the RF emission of the commands with a Zigbee Green Power® transmitter.
Screen-printed flexible negative temperature coefficient temperature sensor based on polyvinyl chloride/carbon black composites
Authors: Xiao Yao , Jiang Shuwen , Li Yanrong , Zhang Wanli 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Flexible temperature sensors are needed for real‐time temperature monitoring in healthcare, disease diagnosis, and ambient environment detection. In this work, a flexible negative temperature coefficient (NTC) temperature sensor based on polyvinyl chloride/carbon black (PVC/CB) was screen printed onto a polyethylene terephthalate substrate. The prepared temperature sensor exhibited high sensitivity (−0.148% °C−1), excellent linearity (R
2 = 0.995), a fast response time (0.7 s), and good repeatability when used to measure temperatures between 18 °C and 44 °C. The tunneling effect was used to explain the NTC of the PVC/CB temperature sensor, and its temperature sensing mechanism was proposed. Additionally, the sensor was used to monitor human breathing rates and temperatures, demonstrating its potential for real‐time skin or environmental temperature monitoring.
Electro-interpenetration as tool for high strain trilayer conducting polymer actuator
Authors: Fannir Adelyne , Plesse Cédric , Nguyen Giao T M , Vidal Frédéric 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Electrochemical actuators based on electronic conducting polymers can convert electrical energy into mechanical work. The amplitude of the electromechanical response is related on volumetric charge density of conducting polymer electrodes and strain-to-charge ratio, an empiric electromechanical coupling parameter. In this work we describe the elaboration of high performance trilayer bending actuators by the electro-interpenetration of a conducting polymer, i.e. poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), within a host membrane. The host membrane is first elaborated as an interpenetrating polymer networks combining nitrile butadiene rubber network and poly(ethylene oxide) network. An oxidative chemical prepolymerization of EDOT allows turning the host membrane into conductive substrate suitable for subsequent electropolymerization. The electropolymerization of EDOT from the chemically polymerized layer allows controlled interpenetration of PEDOT underneath the surface. A significant increase of local concentration of PEDOT in the electrodes, compared to those obtained from oxidative polymerization lead to a significant increase of the charge density. The polymerization conditions do not have significant impact on sign and absolute value of strain-to-charge ratio, but it can be improved by the nature of the electrolyte. The combination of these two effects leads to an actuator with up to 15% of strain difference.
Effects of higher levels of qubits on control of qubit protected by a Josephson quantum filter
Authors: Masuda Shumpei , Koshino Kazuki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A Josephson quantum filter (JQF) protects a data qubit (DQ) from the radiative decay into transmission lines (TLs) in superconducting quantum computing architectures. A transmon, which is a weakly nonlinear harmonic oscillator rather than a pure two-level system, can play a role of a JQF or a DQ. However, in the previous study, a JQF and a DQ were modeled as two-level systems neglecting the effects of higher levels. We theoretically examine the effects of the higher levels of the JQF and the DQ on the control of the DQ. It is shown that the higher levels of the DQ cause the shift of the resonance frequency and the decrease of the maximum population of the first excited state of the DQ in the controls with a continuous wave (cw) field and a pulsed field, while the higher levels of the JQF do not. Moreover, we present optimal parameters of the pulsed field, which maximize the control efficiency.
Inertia-induced nucleation-like motility-induced phase separation
Authors: Su Jie , Jiang Huijun , Hou Zhonghuai 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) is of great importance and has been extensively researched in overdamped systems, nevertheless, what impacts inertia will bring on kinetics of MIPS is lack of investigation. Here, we find a nucleation-like MIPS instead of spinodal decomposition in the overdamped case, i.e. not only the phase transition changes from continuous to discontinuous, but also the formation of clusters does not exhibit any coarsening regime. This remarkable kinetics of MIPS stems from a competition between activity-induced accumulation of particles and inertia-induced suppression of clustering process. More interestingly, the discontinuity of MIPS still exists even when the ratio of particle mass to the friction coefficient reduces to be very small such as 10−4. Our findings emphasize the importance of inertia induced kinetics of MIPS, and may open a new perspective on understanding the nature of MIPS in active systems.
Exothermic impact on Eyring-Powell nanofluid flow through a heated surface embedded in porous medium with thermal radiation: a numerical study
Authors: Khan Mumtaz , Rasheed Amer 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The foremost aim of our study is to discuss the unsteady 2D MHD Powell-Eyring flow produced by a flat stretching surface. An incompressible chemical reactive MHD Eyring- Powell fluid immersed in porous medium filled the convective heated stretched sheet with the appearance of nanoparticles. A thorough in- vestigation is performed to study impacts of exothermic, first order chemical reactions and thermal radiation on the fluid flow. This study also assesses the heat and mass boundary conditions. The model utilized for nanoliquid elaborates the influence of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. Moreover, an efficient finite difference method is used and a numerical solution is obtained for the resulting nonlinear PDEs with appro- priate boundary conditions. A detailed discussion regarding how the principal variables affects the flow and thermal fields, is carried out. It is also discussed that how the flow and heat transfer processes is affected by the various parameters of interest. In addition to all this, the physical quantities such as Nusselt number, drag coefficient and mass transfer are calculated keeping in view their significance in engineering.
Search for Type-III SeeSaw heavy lepton with the ATLAS Detector at the LHC using

s=13

TeV up to 140 fb–1
Authors: Carratta G 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A search of heavy leptons N0 and L± pair production predicted by the Type-III SeeSaw mechanism is presented. This mechanism extends the Standard Model, introducing at least two new triplets of fermionic fields with zero hypercharge in the adjoint representation of SU(2)l, resulting in two heavy Dirac charged leptons and a heavy Majorana neutral lepton. This search uses data collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in protonproton collision at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, with an integrated luminosity up to 140 fb−1 corresponding to the full Run-2 dataset recorded between 2015-2018.
The analysis focuses on all the possible production and boson decay channels of these heavy leptons, which are assumed to be degenerate in mass. The search is based on the separate optimization of each lepton multiplicity final state, considering 2, 3, 4 or more than 5 leptons. The power of the leptonic channels lies in the low expected background from Standard Model processes. Different control and signal regions are defined for each final state, designed to be orthogonal one each other. Good agreement between the number of events in data and Standard Model predictions is observed.
The results are translated into exclusion limits on heavy lepton masses with a 95% confidence level using statistical uncertainties only. Assuming the branching ratios to all lepton flavours to be equal, a lower limit of 560 GeV is obtained.
Unfulfilled promise: social acceptance of the smart grid
Authors: Bugden Dylan , Stedman Richard 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Smart grids use digital information technology to simultaneously increase energy efficiency while integrating renewables into the electric grid, making it a critical component of achieving a low-carbon energy system. Prior research on the social acceptance of smart grids has relied on either single time point assessment (i.e. prior to a smart grid rollout) or experimental and lab settings. These approaches miss key aspects of social acceptance because they fail to capture change over time through the interaction between stakeholders, technology, and utilities. In contrast, we compare two waves of survey data on the social acceptance of smart grid technologies, the first (n = 609) prior to a local rollout of a smart grid program in upstate New York and the second (n = 533) two years after the same rollout. Our results demonstrate that in contrast to the hopes of smart energy advocates, the social acceptance of four dimensions of smart grids either remain steady or decline over time. Further analyses reveal that the factors that shape acceptance also change over time. This study demonstrates that the social acceptance of smart grids may actually decrease over time even with the robust engagement of consumers, not only challenging optimistic views of smart grid technology but also challenging broader theoretical arguments in the literature on the social acceptance of energy technologies.