bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The identification of autophagy‐related genes in the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Longbiao , Yan Donglin , Chen Yan , Chen Sheng , Chen Ning , Han Jing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify prognostic autophagy‐related genes and assess the ability of these genes to predict clinical outcomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Subjects and methodsThe details of the human autophagy‐related genes were obtained from the Human Autophagy Database. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to obtain the gene expression profiles and clinical data of patients. Prediction of biological functions of differentially expressed genes was performed using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Prognosis‐related genes were identified by Cox regression analysis, and the coefficient was applied to construct a prognostic risk score model. The median of the risk score was applied to distinguish between high‐ and low‐risk groups. The Gene Expression Omnibus database, qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to validate the expression of key genes.ResultsKEGG analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in autophagy‐related pathways and virus infection. BAK1, BID, NKX2‐3 and SPHK1 were identified. The risk score model showed that the high‐risk score had poorer overall survival (Kaplan‐Meier analysis, p = 1.79 × 10–7). SPHK1 was upregulated in OSCC tissues and cells, and NXK2‐3 was downregulated.ConclusionsAutophagy‐related gene expression profiles may be a potential biomarker for OSCC prognosis.
The role of technology in melanoma screening and diagnosis
Authors: Young Albert T. , Vora Niki B. , Cortez Jose , Tam Andrew , Yeniay Yildiray , Afifi Ladi , Yan Di , Nosrati Adi , Wong Andrew , Johal Arjun , Wei Maria L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMelanoma presents challenges for timely and accurate diagnosis. Expert panels have issued risk‐based screening guidelines, with recommended screening by visual inspection. To assess how recent technology can impact the risk/benefit considerations for melanoma screening, we comprehensively reviewed non‐invasive visual‐based technologies. Dermoscopy increases lesional diagnostic accuracy for both dermatologists and primary care providers; total body photography and sequential digital dermoscopic imaging also increase diagnostic accuracy, are supported by automated lesion detection and tracking, and may be best suited to use by dermatologists for longitudinal follow‐up. Specialized imaging modalities using non‐visible light technology have unproven benefit over dermoscopy and can be limited by cost, access, and training requirements. Mobile apps facilitate image capture and lesion tracking. Teledermatology has good concordance with face‐to‐face consultation and increases access, with increased accuracy using dermoscopy. Deep learning models can surpass dermatologist accuracy, but their clinical utility has yet to be demonstrated. Technology‐aided diagnosis may change the calculus of screening; however, well‐designed prospective trials are needed to assess the efficacy of these different technologies, alone and in combination to support refinement of guidelines for melanoma screening.
Between the sheets: Investigating young adults' communication during sexual activity
Authors: Denes Amanda , Crowley John P. , Bennett Margaret 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present study investigated young adults' self‐reported communication during sexual activity and its link to sexual and relational outcomes. The associations between two forms of communication during sexual activity (i.e., positive relational disclosures and erotic talk) and orgasm and relationship satisfaction were explored. Additionally, the study tested whether orgasm mediated the association between communication during sexual activity and relationship satisfaction. Three‐hundred and nineteen young adults (237 women, 82 men) ranging in age from 18–32 years (M = 19) completed a survey within 2 hours of a recent sexual episode addressing their communication during sexual activity. Results revealed that positive relational disclosures, but not erotic talk, predicted the likelihood of orgasm, controlling for participants' biological sex. More specifically, individuals who disclosed more positive feelings during sexual activity were more likely to orgasm. Additionally, the more individuals disclosed positive thoughts and feelings for their partners during sexual activity or the more they engaged in mutualistic erotic talk that included intimacy and bonding, the higher their reported relationship satisfaction after sexual activity. The implications of these findings for research on sexual satisfaction, relational health, and the post sex disclosures model are discussed.
Brincidofovir for the treatment of human adenovirus infection in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients: A case series
Authors: Londeree Jackson , Winterberg Pamela D. , Garro Rouba , George Roshan P. , Shin Stella , Liverman Rochelle , Serluco Anastacia , Romero Rene , Yildirim Inci 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHAdV viremia can cause significant morbidity among pediatric recipients of SOT with variability in incidence and severity of disease based on the type of allograft. Currently, there are no US FDA–approved treatments for HAdV infections, and historically, the mainstay of treatment has been decreasing immunosuppression, with antiviral therapies reserved for those with severe disease. We describe the treatment of four pediatric SOT recipients (two kidney, one combined kidney‐liver, and one liver) presenting with HAdV disease at our institution using brincidofovir. Our case series highlights the variability in presentation and the potential for severe disease in pediatric SOT recipients as we review disease presentation, disease course, complications, and treatment with brincidofovir.
Estimates of the macroeconomic costs of cyber‐attacks
Authors: Dieye Rokhaya , Bounfour Ahmed , Ozaygen Altay , Kammoun Niaz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper estimates the macroeconomic losses related to the cyber‐attacks originating from the information and communications technology (ICT) and the financial sectors. The study accounts for the interdependency of various economic sectors and looks to the cascading effect of cyber‐attacks on production network in the United States and leading Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development countries with the help of the input–output methodology and the World Input–Output Database. Our results suggest that cyber‐attacks that affect the ICT and finance sectors result in losses which also impact different economic sectors, due to cascading effects.
Kernel density estimation with linked boundary conditions
Authors: Colbrook Matthew J. , Botev Zdravko I. , Kuritz Karsten , MacNamara Shev 
Published: June 2020

AbstractKernel density estimation on a finite interval poses an outstanding challenge because of the well‐recognized bias at the boundaries of the interval. Motivated by an application in cancer research, we consider a boundary constraint linking the values of the unknown target density function at the boundaries. We provide a kernel density estimator (KDE) that successfully incorporates this linked boundary condition, leading to a non‐self‐adjoint diffusion process and expansions in nonseparable generalized eigenfunctions. The solution is rigorously analyzed through an integral representation given by the unified transform (or Fokas method). The new KDE possesses many desirable properties, such as consistency, asymptotically negligible bias at the boundaries, and an increased rate of approximation, as measured by the AMISE. We apply our method to the motivating example in biology and provide numerical experiments with synthetic data, including comparisons with state‐of‐the‐art KDEs (which currently cannot handle linked boundary constraints). Results suggest that the new method is fast and accurate. Furthermore, we demonstrate how to build statistical estimators of the boundary conditions satisfied by the target function without a priori knowledge. Our analysis can also be extended to more general boundary conditions that may be encountered in applications.
Array Jet Impingement on High Porosity Thin Metal Foams: Effect of Foam Height, Pore-Density, and Spent Air Crossflow Scheme on Flow Distribution and Heat Transfer
Authors: Sambamurthy Vivek Subramaniam , Madhavan Srivatsan , Singh Prashant , Ekkad Srinath V. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Experimental investigation was carried out to study heat transfer and fluid flow in high porosity (93%) thin metal foams (MFs) subjected to array jet impingement, under maximum and intermediate crossflow exit schemes. Separate effects of pore-density (pores per inch: PPI) and jet-to-target spacing (z/d) have been studied. To this end, for a fixed pore-density of 40 PPI foams, three different jet-to-target spacings (z/d = 1, 2, 6) were investigated, and for a fixed jet-to-target spacing (z/d) of 6, three different pore-density of 5, 20, and 40 PPI were investigated. The jet diameter-based Reynolds number was varied between 3000 and 12,000. Both flow and heat transfer experiments were carried out to characterize the flow distribution, crossflow mass flux accumulation, and local Nusselt numbers for different jet impingement configurations. The heat transfer results were obtained through steady-state experiments. Local flow measurements show that, as jet-to-target distance decreases, the mass flux distributions were increasingly skewed with higher mass flux distributed toward the exit(s). It was observed that Nusselt number increased with increasing pore density at a fixed jet-to-target spacing and reduced with increase in jet to target spacing at a fixed pore density. Intermediate crossflow had higher heat transfer than maximum crossflow with significantly lower pumping power. For a fixed pumping power, z/d = 2, 40 ppi foam provided an average heat transfer enhancement of 35% over the corresponding baseline configuration for intermediate crossflow scheme and was found to be the optimum configuration.
Parent–child conversations associated with alcohol-related risk behaviours in young people (13–17 years) in the UK: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jones Anna-Marie , Sawyer Alexandra , Huber Jörg W , Coleman Lester , Dunne Nina , Sherriff Nigel 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate different types of parent–child conversations associated with young people’s (13–17 years) alcohol-related risk behaviours.DesignSecondary analysis of the 2016 Drinkaware Monitor Survey. This survey employed a cross-sectional design and collected data using self-completion questionnaires.SettingUK-wide.Participants561 parent–child pairs were included in the analysis. The nationally representative quota sample was weighted by reference to the UK population.MethodologyData were analysed using purposeful selection modelling (adjusted OR (AOR), 95% CIs).Risk behaviours‘Whether have ever drank’ and ‘whether vomited as a result of alcohol’.Results50% (277/553) of young people reported drinking a whole alcoholic drink, and 22% (60/277) of these experienced vomiting as a result. After adjusting for age and gender, the likelihood of ever having drank alcohol was significantly increased among the following young people: those whose parents believed they knew a little about how much they drink (AOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.13) or that some/most/all friends drink (AOR 3.82, 95% CI 2.40 to 6.08); those given gentle reminders about taking care when drinking alcohol (AOR 1.82, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.88), practical advice (AOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.64) or designated time, led by the parent, to instil care around alcohol through a formal sit-down (AOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.99). The likelihood was reduced for parents aged 40–49 years (AOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.89) and conversations providing information (AOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.98). Vomiting was significantly associated with some/most/all friends drinking alcohol (AOR 3.65, 95% CI 1.08 to 12.30), parent’s beliefs about child’s frequency of drinking alcohol (AOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.54), parental harmful/dependency drinking (AOR 3.75, 95% CI 1.13 to 12.50) and having a formal sit-down conversation (AOR 2.15, 95% CI 0.99 to 4.66).ConclusionsWe found evidence of mostly negative associations between young people’s risk behaviours and different types of parent–child conversations. Conversations providing information were linked to a reduced tendency to have ever drunk alcohol. All other types of conversations were negatively associated with risk behaviours. Psychological reactance and conversation quality possibly explain these findings.
Exploratory study of staff perceptions of shift safety in the critical care unit and routinely available data on workforce, patient and organisational factors
Authors: Leon-Villapalos Clare , Wells Mary , Brett Stephen 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesTo explore bedside professional reported (BPR) perceptions of safety in intensive care staff and the relationships between BPR safety, staffing, patient and work environment characteristics.DesignAn exploratory study of self-recorded staff perceptions of shift safety and routinely collected data.SettingA large teaching hospital comprising 70 critical care beds.ParticipantsAll clinical staff working in adult critical care.InterventionsStaff recorded whether their shift felt ‘safe, unsafe or very unsafe’ for 29 consecutive days. We explored these perceptions and relationships between them and routine data on staffing, patient and environmental characteristics.Outcome measuresRelationships between BPR safety and staffing, patient and work environment characteristics.Results2836 BPR scores were recorded over 29 consecutive days (response rate 57.7%). Perceptions of safety varied between staff, including within the same shift. There was no correlation between perceptions of safety and two measures of staffing: care hours per patient day (r=0.13 p=0.108) and Safecare Allocate (r=−0.19 p=0.013). We found a significant, positive relationship between perceptions of safety and the percentage of level 3 (most severely ill) patients (r=0.32, p=0.0001). There was a significant inverse relationship between perceptions of safety and the percentage of level 1 patients on a shift (r=−0.42, p<0.0001). Perceptions of safety correlated negatively with increased numbers of patients (r=−0.44, p=0.0006) and higher percentage of patients located side rooms (r=0.63, p<0.0001). We found a significant relationship between perceptions of safety and the percentage of staff with a specialist critical care course (r=0.42. p=0.0001).ConclusionExisting staffing models, which are primarily influenced by staff-to-patient ratios, may not be sensitive to patient need. Other factors may be important drivers of staff perceptions of safety and should be explored further.
Creating dementia-friendly and inclusive communities for social inclusion: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Hung Lillian , Leitch Sharon , Hung Ryan , Phinney Alison 
Published: June 2020

IntroductionThe number of people with dementia is increasing worldwide, with the majority of people with dementia living at home in the community. WHO calls for global action on the public health response to dementia. Social exclusion is commonly reported by people with dementia and their families. Dementia-friendly and inclusive community has emerged as an idea that holds potential to contribute to the mitigation of social exclusion. The objective of the scoping review is to answer two questions: What social inclusion strategies that have been reported in the dementia-friendly and inclusive communities’ literature? What strategies for developing dementia-friendly and inclusive communities that have shown to improve social inclusion?Methods and analysisThis scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology and will take place between April and September 2020. The proposed review will consider studies based in community settings with participants living at home with early to late stages of dementia and their families. This includes a three-step search strategy: (1) to identify keywords from MEDLINE and CINAHL; (2) to conduct a second search using all identified keywords and index terms across selected databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, AgeLine, PsycINFO, Web of Science, ProQuest and Google) and (3) to handsearch the reference lists of all included articles and reports for additional studies. Further, we will search Google for grey literature on published organisational reports. Two researchers will screen titles and abstracts independently and then assess the full text of selected citations against inclusion criteria. Extracted data will be presented in a narrative accompanied by tables that reflect the objective of the review.Ethics and disseminationAs the methodology of this study consists of collecting data from publicly available articles, it does not require ethics approval. This scoping review provides an overview of current evidence on strategies that support dementia-friendly and inclusive communities for social inclusion. The findings will offer insights to inform strategies for education, practice, policy and future research. We will share the scoping review results through conference presentations and an open-access publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the core functions of primary care: will the cure be worse than the disease? A qualitative interview study in Flemish GPs
Authors: Verhoeven Veronique , Tsakitzidis Giannoula , Philips Hilde , Van Royen Paul 
Published: June 2020

ObjectivesThe current COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the measures taken to control it, have a profound impact on healthcare. This study was set up to gain insights into the consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak on the core competencies of general practice, as they are experienced by general practitioners (GPs) on the frontline.Design, setting, participantsWe performed a descriptive study using semistructured interviews with 132 GPs in Flanders, using a topic list based on the WONCA definition of core competencies in general practice. Data were analysed qualitatively using framework analysis.ResultsChanges in practice management and in consultation strategies were quickly adopted. There was a major switch towards telephone triage and consults, for covid-related as well as for non-covid related problems. Patient-centred care is still a major objective. Clinical decision-making is largely focused on respiratory assessment and triage, and GPs feel that acute care is compromised, both by their own changed focus and by the fact that patients consult less frequently for non-covid problems. Chronic care is mostly postponed, and this will have consequences that will extend and become visible after the corona crisis. Through the holistic eyes of primary care, the current outbreak—as well as the measures taken to control it—will have a profound impact on psychological and socioeconomic well-being. This impact is already visible in vulnerable people and will continue to become clear in the medium and long terms. GPs think that they are at high risk of getting infected. Dropping out and being unable to contribute their part or becoming virus transmitters are reported to be greater concerns than getting ill themselves.ConclusionsThe current times have a profound impact on the core competences of primary care. Although the vast increase in patients soliciting medical help and the necessary separate covid and non-covid flows have been dealt with, GPs are worried about the continuity of regular care and the consequences of the anticovid measures. These may become a threat for the general health of the population and for the provision of primary healthcare in the near and distant future.
Role of the anatomic site in the association of HLA class I antigen expression level in metastases with clinical response to ipilimumab therapy in patients with melanoma
Authors: Ladányi Andrea , Papp Eszter , Mohos Anita , Balatoni Tímea , Liszkay Gabriella , Oláh Judit , Varga Anita , Lengyel Zsuzsanna , Emri Gabriella , Ferrone Soldano 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundThe clinical response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in only part of the treated patients, in conjunction with the potentially serious side effects associated with this type of therapy, has emphasized the need to identify biomarkers to select patients who may benefit from ICI treatment. The aim of our study was to test human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and II expression in melanoma metastases as potential biomarkers of response to ipilimumab and survival in patients with metastatic melanoma, since these molecules play a crucial role in the interactions of malignant cells with host’s immune system.Materials and methodsHLA class I and II antigen expression level in pretreatment surgical tissue samples (50 lymph node and 35 cutaneous or subcutaneous metastases) from 30 patients was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies. Expression levels were correlated to intratumoral density of lymphocytes expressing cluster of differentiation (CD)8, CD45RO, CD4, forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and/or programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), to clinical response to treatment, and to patients’ survival.ResultsHLA class I antigen expression level in lymph node metastases, but not in cutaneous or subcutaneous metastases was significantly correlated to density of CD8+and CD45RO+T cells and of lymphocytes expressing PD-1, as well as to clinical response and to patients’ survival.ConclusionsOur results corroborate the role of HLA class I expression level (alone or in combination with T-cell density values) as a predictive biomarker of response to ipilimumab in patients with melanoma. In addition, our results show that this association is influenced by the anatomic site of the metastasis used to measure the HLA class I antigen expression level.
Long-term intra-arterial shunt
Authors: Feliciano David V 
Published: June 2020

This is a case report of a patient who sustained a stab wound to the right axilla with injuries to the right axillary artery and vein. The patient had near-exsanguination in the field and no recordable blood pressure upon admission to the trauma center. Resuscitation was performed with endotracheal intubation, a left anterolateral resuscitative thoracotomy with cross-clamping of the descending thoracic aorta, and the rapid infusion of crystalloid solutions and packed red cells. In the operating room, the third portion of the right axillary artery and the adjacent right axillary vein were found to be transected. As part of a ‘damage control’ procedure, the ends of the right axillary vein were ligated. A 14 French intra-arterial shunt was inserted into the transected ends of the right axillary artery to restore the flow to the right upper extremity. The patient’s postoperative course was complicated by a coagulopathy, adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and anuria. The coagulopathy and anuria resolved within the first 48 hours, but the patient’s ARDS was slow to resolve. On the 10th postinjury day, the patient was returned to the operating room for a definitive repair of the right axillary artery. After the intra-arterial shunt was removed, a reversed greater saphenous vein graft was inserted between the ends of the right axillary artery in a medial intermuscular (extra-anatomic) tunnel. The patient made an uneventful recovery and was discharged home on the 16th postinjury day.The following principles of advanced trauma care were part of the management of this patient: (1) occasional need for resuscitative thoracotomy with cross-clamping of the descending thoracic aorta in a patient without a thoracic injury; (2) ‘damage control’ operation with ligation of the right axillary vein and placement of a temporary intra-arterial shunt to restore the flow to the right upper extremity; and (3) vascular reconstruction with an extra-anatomic bypass in a previously contaminated field.