bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Household food insecurity and dental caries in Korean adults
Authors: Lee Min Hee , Park Jeong‐Won , Kwon Yu‐Jin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveFood security is important to health maintenance and disease prevention. The aim of this study was to identify the association between household food insecurity and dental caries in Korean adults.MethodData from 14 770 adults included in the 2013‐2015 Korea National Health and Nutritional Survey were analysed. Household food insecurity was evaluated using the 18‐item US Household Food Security/Hunger Survey Module. General characteristics differences based on household food security were compared with weighted one‐way analysis of variance for continuous variables and weighted chi‐squared tests for categorical variables. A modified Poisson approach was used to calculate prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsThe prevalence of untreated dental caries in permanent teeth was 28.9% (CI;27.6, 30.2), 36.7% (33.0, 40.5) and 48.9% (40.0, 57.8) among individuals with household food security, household food insecurity without hunger and household food insecurity with hunger, respectively. Relative to those who were food‐secure, the prevalence ratios (95% CIs) for dental caries were 1.12 (0.97‐1.31) and 1.35 (1.02‐1.80) for those with household food insecurity without and with hunger, respectively, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, socioeconomic status, life style, dietary and dental factors.ConclusionWe found that household food insecurity is associated with prevalence of untreated dental caries in Korean adults. Healthcare providers ought to consider the important role that food security can play in the prevention and management of oral health in adults.
A homozygous variant in NDUFA8 is associated with developmental delay, microcephaly, and epilepsy due to mitochondrial complex I deficiency
Authors: Yatsuka Yukiko , Kishita Yoshihito , Formosa Luke E. , Shimura Masaru , Nozaki Fumihito , Fujii Tatsuya , Nitta Kazuhiro R. , Ohtake Akira , Murayama Kei , Ryan Michael T. , Okazaki Yasushi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMitochondrial complex I deficiency is caused by pathogenic variants in mitochondrial and nuclear genes associated with complex I structure and assembly. We report the case of a patient with　NDUFA8‐related mitochondrial disease. The patient presented with developmental delay, microcephaly, and epilepsy. His fibroblasts showed apparent biochemical defects in mitochondrial complex I. Whole‐exome sequencing revealed that the patient carried a homozygous variant in NDUFA8. His fibroblasts showed a reduction in the protein expression level of not only NDUFA8, but also the other complex I subunits, consistent with assembly defects. The enzyme activity of complex I and oxygen consumption rate were restored by reintroducing wild‐typeNDUFA8 cDNA into patient fibroblasts. The functional properties of the variant in NDUFA8 were also investigated using NDUFA8 knockout cells expressing wild‐type or mutated NDUFA8 cDNA. These experiments further supported the pathogenicity of the variant in complex I assembly. This is the first report describing that the loss of NDUFA8, which has not previously been associated with mitochondrial disease, causes severe defect in the assembly of mitochondrial complex I, leading to progressive neurological and developmental abnormalities.
Ten years of experience with the Ponto bone‐anchored hearing system—A systematic literature review
Authors: Lagerkvist Helén , Carvalho Karin , Holmberg Marcus , Petersson Ulrika , Cremers Cor , Hultcrantz Malou 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundBone‐anchored hearing systems (BAHSs) are widely used for hearing rehabilitation and are indicated in cases of conductive and mixed hearing loss and in single‐sided deafness. The Ponto system, that is one available option, has been on the market since 2009.Objective of reviewThe aim of this study is to systematically review the literature reporting on the Ponto system, with regard to audiological and surgical outcomes and patient's quality‐of‐life scores.Type of reviewA systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed database 2009‐July 2019.Search strategySearch term: ((osseointegrated hearing aid) OR (bone conduction implant) OR (bone anchored hearing) OR BAHA OR BAHS OR BAHI). Pre‐defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied.Evaluation methodEnglish‐language articles reporting original clinical data (audiological, surgical or quality‐of‐life outcomes) on the Ponto system were included.Articles reporting on Ponto and another BAHS system where the results on Ponto constituted less than 50% of the patient population or including only results on testband or softband devices were excluded.ResultsAudiological outcomes were discussed in 20 publications. Improvement against the unaided thresholds was demonstrated. The functional improvement was on average 33.9 dB. The effective gain or remaining air‐bone gap was on average 6.7 dB. All evaluated data showed aided speech reception thresholds significantly below normal speech level. Twenty‐seven publications reported surgical and follow‐up data for the Ponto system. Implant survival was 97.7%, adverse skin reactions (Holgers ≥ 2) were 5% across visits and 15% across patients. No complications were life‐threatening, causing permanent disability/damage or requiring a hospitalisation. Five studies reported quality of life using the Glasgow benefit inventory, 98% reported an improvement when analysing the score on an individual level.ConclusionsThe outcomes of this systematic review confirm that percutaneous systems provide consistent audiological benefits and improved quality of life for patients. Further, the review demonstrates that the percutaneous systems are safe, with relatively low complication rates. Skin‐related complications are the most common complication type and are experienced by approximately one patient out of seven, or in less than one of 20 follow‐up visits.
Weight change before and after adenotonsillectomy in children: An analysis based upon pre‐surgery body mass category
Authors: Beauchamp Marshall T. , Regier Betsy , Nzuki Anne , Swinburne Romine Rebecca , Sweeney Brooke , Liu Mei , M. Davis Ann 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the standardised body mass index (BMIz) trajectory before and after adenotonsillectomy/tonsillectomy between children in different weight classifications in a larger sample than has been studied previously, and to identify which patient factors would explain the difference in these outcomes.DesignWe used a retrospective chart review and leveraged data of weight status pre‐ and post‐adenotonsillectomy/tonsillectomy from a cohort of paediatric patients seen between May 2004 and April 2017.SettingData were collected from an electronic medical record at a single Midwest paediatric health system.ParticipantsThe study population included a convenience sample of 1,751 paediatric patients who underwent adenotonsillectomy or tonsillectomy and had at least two height and weight measurements recorded on the same date both before and after surgery.Main Outcome MeasuresChange in BMIz trajectories before and after surgery.ResultsOf 1751 paediatric patients (ages 3‐11) underwent adenotonsillectomy/tonsillectomy procedures. Age at time of surgery and gender were not significant predictors. Children in different weight classifications demonstrated differences in BMIz trajectory after surgery. Children with overweight/obesity experience a decrease in BMIz, whereas children with underweight or normal weight experience an increase in BMIz.ConclusionsImprovement in weight status is seen after surgery: increased BMI for those underweight and decreased BMI for those with overweight/obesity. We advocate for behavioural strategies as a first‐line treatment in children with underweight or overweight/obesity, and results suggest that coordinating these efforts alongside adenotonsillectomy/tonsillectomy when indicated for medical reasons may be warranted. However, further research is needed to confirm these findings due to the observational nature of this study.
Use of the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) to screen for COPD in dairy farmers: AIRBAg study
Authors: Jan Simon , Metten Marie‐Astrid , Chapron Anthony , Marette Solenne , Robert Ange‐Marie , Guillot Stéphanie , Mailloux Carole , Jouneau Stéphane , Viel Jean‐François ,   the AIRBAG research group
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesPeople at risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can benefit from appropriate medical management before severe symptoms appear. This study assesses the value of the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) questionnaire for screening dairy farmers, who tend to be slow or reluctant to seek health care.MethodsDuring the time period 2012‐2017, 2089 randomly selected dairy farmers in Brittany (France) were invited to complete self‐administered questionnaires (including the CAT) and to undergo an occupational health check‐up using an electronic mini‐spirometer and conventional spirometry. Those showing symptoms suggestive of COPD and/or a ratio FEV1/FEV6 < 80% were sent to a pulmonologist for a further check‐up, including spirometry with a reversibility test. Multivariate logistic models based on CAT scores and socio‐demographic or work‐related factors were developed to predict COPD.ResultsThe 1231 farmers who underwent the occupational health check‐up included 1203 who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Pulmonologist identified 16 (1.3%) cases of COPD. A multivariate logistic regression model (covariates: CAT sum score, on‐farm time, BMI, smoking status, free‐stall mulching) provided an area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.75‐0.98). Using a cut‐off of 0.007 gave a sensitivity of 93.8% and a specificity of 62.4%. Another model that included CAT breathlessness and the same covariates performed marginally better (AUC = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.77‐0.98).ConclusionOur predictive models can both benefit dairy farmers by providing early diagnosis and management of their COPD and avoid unnecessary, costly spirometry during the screening process.
Development of novel machine learning model for right ventricular quantification on echocardiography—A multimodality validation study
Authors: Beecy Ashley N. , Bratt Alex , Yum Brian , Sultana Razia , Das Mukund , Sherifi Ines , Devereux Richard B. , Weinsaft Jonathan W. , Kim Jiwon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeEchocardiography (echo) is widely used for right ventricular (RV) assessment. Current techniques for RV evaluation require additional imaging and manual analysis; machine learning (ML) approaches have the potential to provide efficient, fully automated quantification of RV function.MethodsAn automated ML model was developed to track the tricuspid annulus on echo using a convolutional neural network approach. The model was trained using 7791 image frames, and automated linear and circumferential indices quantifying annular displacement were generated. Automated indices were compared to an independent reference of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) defined RV dysfunction (RVEF < 50%).ResultsA total of 101 patients prospectively underwent echo and CMR: Fully automated annular tracking was uniformly successful; analyses entailed minimal processing time (<1 second for all) and no user editing. Findings demonstrate all automated annular shortening indices to be lower among patients with CMR‐quantified RV dysfunction (all P < .001). Magnitude of ML annular displacement decreased stepwise in relation to population‐based tertiles of TAPSE, with similar results when ML analyses were localized to the septal or lateral annulus (all P ≤ .001). Automated segmentation techniques provided good diagnostic performance (AUC 0.69–0.73) in relation to CMR reference and compared to conventional RV indices (TAPSE and S′) with high negative predictive value (NPV 84%–87% vs 83%–88%). Reproducibility was higher for ML algorithm as compared to manual segmentation with zero inter‐ and intra‐observer variability and ICC 1.0 (manual ICC: 0.87–0.91).ConclusionsThis study provides an initial validation of a deep learning system for RV assessment using automated tracking of the tricuspid annulus.
Effects of female body size and age and male mating status on male combat in Anastatus disparis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae)
Authors: Liu Peng‐Cheng , Wei Jian‐Rong , Han Xuan , Hao De‐Jun , Wang Zi‐Yi , Wang Zi‐Qi , Wang Qiong 
Published: May 2020

1. Aggressive behaviour is widely exhibited by animals to acquire important resources and usually shows a dangerous or nondangerous pattern. Dangerous fighting patterns are usually characterized by fights ending with contestants being severely injured or killed. Resource value is an important nonstrategic factor influencing fighting behaviour. Studies of many species addressing nondangerous fighting behaviour have shown that when resource values change, organisms usually adjust their fighting behaviour accordingly. Only a few species show dangerous fighting patterns. Thus, few relevant studies have addressed how variation in resource value affects aggression with a dangerous fighting pattern.2. Here, an egg parasitoid wasp, Anastatus disparis, which exhibits a dangerous fighting pattern to acquire mating opportunities, was used as an experimental model to study the adjustment of fighting behaviour resulting from a change in resource value.3. Our results show that the female properties of body size and age affect their objective resource value and that males increased their fighting intensity for relatively large and young females. However, male mating status in A. disparis may not influence the subjective value of mate resources, and fighting intensity did not significantly differ between mated and virgin males. In addition, the number of times a male had previously mated had no significant effect. These results suggest that mating opportunities are important for both virgin and mated males, resulting in neither of them showing any adjustment in fighting for mating opportunities.4. Generally, A. disparis males with extreme fighting patterns adjust their fighting behaviour according to the variation in resource value, which avoids the meaningless costs of injury and death.
Are Accommodations for English Learners on State Accountability Assessments Evidence‐Based? A Multistudy Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Rios Joseph A. , Ihlenfeldt Samuel D. , Chavez Carlos 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe objectives of this two‐part study were to: (a) investigate English learner (EL) accommodation practices on state accountability assessments of reading/English language arts and mathematics in grades 3–8, and (b) conduct a meta‐analysis of EL accommodation effectiveness on improving test performance. Across all distinct testing programs, we found that at least one EL test accommodation was provided for both test content areas. The most popular accommodations provided were supplying students with word‐to‐word dual language dictionaries, reading aloud test directions and items in English, and allowing flexible time/scheduling. However, we found minimal evidence that testing programs provide practitioners with recommendations on how to assign relevant accommodations to EL test takers’ English proficiency level. To evaluate whether accommodations used in practice are supported with evidence of their effectiveness, a meta‐analysis was conducted. On average, across 26 studies and 95 effect sizes (N = 11,069), accommodations improved test performance by .16 standard deviations. Both test content and sampling design were found to moderate accommodation effectiveness; however, none of the accommodations investigated were found to have intervention effects that were statistically different from zero. Overall, these results suggest that currently employed EL test accommodations lack evidence of their effectiveness.
Seizure detection at home: Do devices on the market match the needs of people living with epilepsy and their caregivers?
Authors: Bruno Elisa , Viana Pedro F. , Sperling Michael R. , Richardson Mark P. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn patients with epilepsy, the potential to prevent seizure‐related injuries and to improve the unreliability of seizure self‐report have fostered the development and marketing of numerous seizure detection devices for home use. Understanding the requirements of users (patients and caregivers) is essential to improve adherence and mitigate barriers to the long‐term use of such devices. Here we reviewed the evidence on the needs and preferences of users and provided an overview of currently marketed devices for seizure detection (medically approved or with published evidence for their performance). We then compared devices with known needs. Seizure‐detection devices are expected to improve safety and clinical and self‐management, and to provide reassurance to users. Key factors affecting a device’s usability relate to its design (attractive appearance, low visibility, low intrusiveness), comfort of use, confidentiality of recorded data, and timely support from both technical and clinical ends. High detection sensitivity and low false alarm rates are paramount. Currently marketed devices are focused primarily on the recording of non–electroencephalography (EEG) signals associated with tonic‐clonic seizures, whereas the detection of focal seizures without major motor features remains a clear evidence gap. Moreover, there is paucity of evidence coming from real‐life settings. A joint effort of clinical and nonclinical experts, patients, and caregivers is required to ensure an optimal level of acceptability and usability, which are key aspects for a successful continuous monitoring aimed at seizure detection at home.
Increased expression of miR‐338‐3p impairs Treg‐mediated immunosuppression in pemphigus vulgaris by targeting RUNX1
Authors: Xu Meinian , Liu Qingxiu , Li Songshan , Zhang Wenjing , Huang Xiaowen , Han Kai , Li Changxing , Zeng Kang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a regulatory T cell (Treg)‐associated autoimmune disease. Treg cells maintain immunosuppression by expressing the signature transcription factor FOXP3. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have frequently emerged as regulators in Treg‐mediated immunosuppression. We previously found that miR‐338‐3p was overexpressed in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with PV. Herein, we explored the role of miR‐338‐3p in Treg‐mediated immunosuppression by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, analysis of public microarray data, miRNA transfection, Western blotting, flow cytometry, and luciferase reporter assays. Increased expression of miR‐338‐3p was detected in CD4+ T cells of active PV patients compared with those in healthy controls. Moreover, the miR‐338‐3p level was positively related to disease severity. Bioinformatics prediction revealed that Runt‐related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), a gene activating FOXP3 expression, was a putative target of miR‐338‐3p. There was a reduction of FOXP3 and RUNX1 expression in the CD4+ T cells of patients with PV, along with significant correlations with the level of miR‐338‐3p. MiRNA transfection, mRNA and protein analysis, and luciferase reporter assays verified that miR‐338‐3p attenuated FOXP3 expression by targeting RUNX1. This study suggests that excessive expression of miR‐338‐3p attenuates the expression of FOXP3 by targeting RUNX1, contributing to Treg dysfunction in PV.
Attenuation of canonical NF‐κB signaling maintains function and stability of human Treg
Authors: Ziegler Liesa S. , Gerner Marlene C. , Schmidt Ralf L. J. , Trapin Doris , Steinberger Peter , Pickl Winfried F. , Sillaber Christian , Egger Gerda , Schwarzinger Ilse , Schmetterer Klaus G. 
Published: May 2020

Nuclear factor ‘κ‐light‐chain‐enhancer’ of activated B cells (NF‐κB) signaling is a signaling pathway used by most immune cells to promote immunostimulatory functions. Recent studies have indicated that regulatory T cells (Treg) differentially integrate TCR‐derived signals, thereby maintaining their suppressive features. However, the role of NF‐κB signaling in the activation of human peripheral blood (PB) Treg has not been fully elucidated so far. We show that the activity of the master transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) attenuates p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the NF‐κB proteins p50, p65, and c‐Rel following activation in human Treg. Using pharmacological and genetic inhibition of canonical NF‐κB signaling in FOXP3‐transgenic T cells and PB Treg from healthy donors as well as Treg from a patient with a primary NFKB1 haploinsufficiency, we validate that Treg activation and suppressive capacity is independent of NF‐κB signaling. Additionally, repression of residual NF‐κB signaling in Treg further enhances interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) production. Blockade of NF‐κB signaling can be exploited for the generation of in vitro induced Treg (iTreg) with enhanced suppressive capacity and functional stability. In this respect, dual blockade of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and NF‐κB signaling was accompanied by enhanced expression of the transcription factors FOXP1 and FOXP3 and demethylation of the Treg‐specific demethylated region compared to iTreg generated under mTOR blockade alone. Thus, we provide first insights into the role of NF‐κB signaling in human Treg. These findings could lead to strategies for the selective manipulation of Treg and the generation of improved iTreg for cellular therapy.
Gastric microbiota and Helicobacter pylori in Indonesian population
Authors: Miftahussurur Muhammad , Waskito Langgeng Agung , El‐Serag Hashem B , Ajami Nadim J. , Nusi Iswan Abbas , Syam Ari Fahrial , Matsumoto Takashi , Rezkitha Yudith Annisa Ayu , Doohan Dalla , Fauzia Kartika Afrida , Maimunah Ummi , Sugihartono Titong , Uchida Tomohisa , Yamaoka Yoshio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe profile of gastric mucosal microbiota has not yet been described in the Indonesian population where the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is low.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study analyzing 16S rRNA of 137 gastric biopsy specimens. We analyzed the association between gastric microbiota, H. pylori infection, and gastric mucosal damage.ResultAmong 137 analyzed samples, 27 were H. pylori‐positive and 110 were H. pylori ‐negative based on culture, histology, and 16S rRNA gene analysis. Significantly lower α‐diversity parameters, including Pielou's index, was observed in H. pylori‐infected individuals compared with noninfected individuals (all P < .001). Among H. pylori‐negative individuals, the permutational analysis of variance of Bray‐Curtis dissimilarity distances showed a significant association with different ethnicities, suggesting some ethnic groups had specific microbiota profiles based on the presence of different operational taxonomic units. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) of the H. pylori‐negative group showed significant associations between the presence of Micrococcus luteus and Sphingomonas yabuuchiae with Timor and Papuan ethnicities, respectively. The presence of Bulledia sp and Atopobium sp was associated with the Javanese ethnicity. We observed lower α‐diversity scores in individuals with gastric mucosal damage and profiles with high abundances of Paludibacter sp and Dialister sp based on LEfSe analysis.ConclusionOur findings suggest the presence of H. pylori is more correlated with a distinct microbiome profile than ethnic precedence.