bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Röstigraben – językowa fosa w poprzek Szwajcarii
Authors: Porębski Andrzej 
Published: October 2019

Röstigraben – Language Moat across Switzerland
One of the enduring characteristics of Europe is the influence of the Roman and Germanic cultures on the continent. Switzerland is a case of these cultures crisscrossing each other. Röstigraben refers to the intra‑Swiss, informal Franco‑German language boundary. Here I analyze the relationship between the two language groups, first from the historical perspective and, second, from the sociological and political perspectives. The main question I ask is whether or not Röstigraben, which runs from the North to the South, splits the Swiss or bonds them. I argue that the dynamics of the relations between the two groups bonds them by not exposing the differences between them.
Less iatrogenic soft-tissue damage utilizing robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty when compared with a manual approach
Authors: Hampp Emily L. , Sodhi Nipun , Scholl Laura , Deren Matthew E. , Yenna Zachary , Westrich Geoffrey , Mont Michael A. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives The use of the haptically bounded saw blades in robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RTKA) can potentially help to limit surrounding soft-tissue injuries. However, there are limited data characterizing these injuries for cruciate-retaining (CR) TKA with the use of this technique. The objective of this cadaver study was to compare the extent of soft-tissue damage sustained through a robotic-assisted, haptically guided TKA (RATKA) versus a manual TKA (MTKA) approach. Methods A total of 12 fresh-frozen pelvis-to-toe cadaver specimens were included. Four surgeons each prepared three RATKA and three MTKA specimens for cruciate-retaining TKAs. A RATKA was performed on one knee and a MTKA on the other. Postoperatively, two additional surgeons assessed and graded damage to 14 key anatomical structures in a blinded manner. Kruskal–Wallis hypothesis tests were performed to assess statistical differences in soft-tissue damage between RATKA and MTKA cases. Results Significantly less damage occurred to the PCLs in the RATKA versus the MTKA specimens (p < 0.001). RATKA specimens had non-significantly less damage to the deep medial collateral ligaments (p = 0.149), iliotibial bands (p = 0.580), poplitei (p = 0.248), and patellar ligaments (p = 0.317). The remaining anatomical structures had minimal soft-tissue damage in all MTKA and RATKA specimens. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that less soft-tissue damage may occur when utilizing RATKA compared with MTKA. These findings are likely due to the enhanced preoperative planning with the robotic software, the real-time intraoperative feedback, and the haptically bounded saw blade, all of which may help protect the surrounding soft tissues and ligaments. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2019;8:495–501. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.810.BJR-2019-0129.R1.
A Century of Continuing Education
Authors: Hebert Kirsten 
Published: October 2019

2019 marks the 100th anniversary of the American Optometric Association’s first Department of Education and the launch of its first distance learning program. This article traces the evolution of the AOA’s distance continuing education strategy over the last century, highlighting three generations of educational technology and modes of delivery the association has employed: textual materials by mail, audiovisual media through library loan, and interactive digital modules over the world wide web. The author also explores the relationship between the warfare and the development of educational technology and pedagogy at each stage of development and introduces the reader to the AOA’s newest iteration of its distance learning web portal,EyeLearn.™
Low Incidence of Pump-Related Infections in Jarvik 2000 Ventricular Assist Device Recipients with a Subcostal Driveline Exit Site
Authors: Letsou George V. , Anand Jatin , Ogburn Erinn , Shah Rohan M. , Ganapathy Anand V. , Cohn William E. , Loor Gabriel , Frazier O.H. 
Published: October 2019

Driveline infection has been a persistent problem with mechanical cardiac assist devices. The reported incidence of infection has been low in patients who receive a Jarvik 2000 continuous-flow left ventricular assist device when a skull-pedestal driveline exit site is used. We evaluated whether this is also true when a subcostal driveline exit site is used.
We reviewed baseline demographic variables, postimplantation vital signs, laboratory values, and culture results in patients who underwent Jarvik 2000 implantation at our center from April 2000 through October 2009, including follow-up through June 2014. All patients had a subcostal driveline exit site. We defined device-related infection as a positive blood or wound culture associated with a medical or surgical device intervention. Event and time-to-event rates were calculated.
Eighty-one patients received 89 Jarvik 2000 devices, all as bridges to transplantation. The median support duration was 69 days (interquartile range, 27–153 d; range, 2–2,249 d). Five superficial driveline infections and one incision-site infection occurred (0.002 events per patient-year of support). The median time from pump implantation to onset of driveline infection was 30 days; the incision-related infection occurred at 44 days.
The Jarvik 2000 has a low incidence of infection when implanted with use of a subcostal driveline exit site. The incidence of pump infections is particularly low. Using a subcostal driveline exit site may be as effective in preventing infections as using a skull-pedestal driveline exit site. We detail our findings in this report.
The Man with 2 Hearts: 25 Years from Heterotopic to Orthotopic Heart Transplantation
Authors: Godfrey Elizabeth L. , Kueht Michael L. , Rana Abbas , Frazier O.H. 
Published: October 2019

Substantial technological advances in mechanical circulatory support have caused a shift in the management of end-stage heart failure. From the 1970s through the 1990s, heterotopic heart transplantation was routinely performed in patients in whom orthotopic transplantation was likely to fail. Heterotopic heart transplantation is now performed less often because modern mechanical circulatory assist devices are routinely used as bridges to orthotopic transplantation; regardless, the operation has helped numerous patients who would not otherwise have received adequate allografts.
We describe the case of a man with idiopathic nonischemic cardiomyopathy who, at age 17, was given an ABO- and size-matched heterotopic allograft that was a complete human leukocyte antigen mismatch. The graft functioned normally for 20 years until the patient had a myocardial infarction that necessitated placement of a coronary artery stent. Subsequent treatments involved many interventions, including insertion of an intra-aortic balloon pump, medical therapy for heart failure, implantation of a total artificial heart, and, ultimately, orthotopic transplantation.
To our knowledge, our patient is the longest surviving recipient of a heterotopic heart transplant, with a remarkable 25-year graft survival despite poor histocompatibility and an almost complete lack of native heart function. The strategies used for his treatment make him a living case study that can add valuable information to the history of cardiac support.
Effective Reduction of Radiation Exposure during Cardiac Catheterization
Authors: Gutiérrez-Barrios Alejandro , Camacho-Galán Hugo , Medina-Camacho Francisco , Cañadas-Pruaño Dolores , Jimenez-Moreno Antonio , Calle-Perez German , Vázquez-García Rafael 
Published: October 2019

Exposure to ionizing radiation during cardiac catheterization can have harmful consequences for patients and for the medical staff involved in the procedures. Minimizing radiation doses during the procedures is essential. We investigated whether fine-tuning the radiation protocol reduces radiation doses in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.
In January 2016, we implemented a new protocol with reduced radiation doses in the Hospital de Jerez catheterization laboratory. We analyzed 170 consecutive coronary interventional procedures (85 of which were performed after the new protocol was implemented) and the personal dosimeters of the interventional cardiologists who performed the procedures.
Overall, the low-radiation protocol reduced air kerma (dose of radiation) by 44.9% (95% CI, 18.4%–70.8%; P=0.001). The dose-area product decreased by 61% (95% CI, 30.2%–90.1%; P <0.001) during percutaneous coronary interventions. We also found that the annual deep (79%, P=0.026) and shallow (62.2%, P=0.035) radiation doses to which primary operators were exposed decreased significantly under the low-radiation protocol. These dose reductions were achieved without increasing the volume of contrast media, fluoroscopy time, or rates of procedural complications, and without reducing the productivity of the laboratory.
Optimizing the radiation safety protocol effectively reduced radiation exposure in patients and operators during cardiac catheterization procedures.
Low Origin of the Coronary Arteries and a Small Aortic Annulus Complicating Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Withana Milinda , Uribe Carlo , Gregoric Igor D. , Angelini Paolo 
Published: October 2019

Low origin of the coronary arteries, defined as an origin less than 10 mm above the functional aortic annulus, is not usually considered to be a notable anomaly because functional impairment is not intrinsic. We describe a case of severe complications after surgical aortic valve replacement in a 59-year-old woman who had symptomatic aortic valve stenosis, low origin of both main coronary arteries, and a hypoplastic aortic annulus less than 19 mm in diameter. The aortic prosthesis had to be implanted above the hypoplastic anatomic annulus. An inferior-wall myocardial infarction, hypotension, right-sided heart failure, and atrial fibrillation developed during the early perioperative period. Coronary angiograms showed occlusion of the right coronary artery ostium and critical stenosis of the left coronary ostium. During reoperation, posterior aortic patch annuloplasty enabled lower reimplantation of the prosthetic aortic valve, jointly with right coronary artery–venous grafting.
To prevent potentially severe complications, we recommend that low origin of the coronary arteries be reported before patients undergo surgical aortic valve replacement. If the ostia are not seen when routine coronary angiography is used, computed tomography should be prospectively performed to characterize this anomaly.
Keefektifan Perlakuan Air Panas terhadap Nematoda Ditylenchus destructor pada Umbi Bawang Putih
Authors: Ahmadi Heri , Supramana Supramana , Suhartanto Mohamad Rahmad 
Published: October 2019

The Effectiveness of Hot Water Treatment Against Nematode Ditylenchus destructor on Garlic BulbsThe high importation of garlic increases the risk of entry and spread of Ditylenchus to Indonesia. The hot water treatment (HWT) has the potential to be developed as an effective and safe method for elimination Ditylenchus in garlic. The aim of the current research was to examine effectiveness of HWT application on imported garlic to eliminated Ditylenchus. The research consisted of garlic sampling, nematode identification and determination of population abundance, and HWT. Samples were taken from traditional markets. The range of HWT temperature tested was 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, and 55 °C for 20 minutes and control. Optimization of treatment time was carried out at 49–51 °C for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 minutes and control. The results showed that based on morphological characters the parasitic nematodes that infect imported garlic from China were D. destructor. Nematode populations are varied in the sample, the highest number was 508 nematodes per 50 g of garlic. Hot water temperature at 41–51 °C did not affect the quality of garlic, and the temperature of 49–55 °C caused 100% nematode mortality. Hot water at 49 °C for 20–30 minutes or 51 °C for 20–25 minutes effectively eliminated Ditylenchus in garlic without affecting the garlic quality. The research confirmed the presence of D. destructor in imported garlic imported from China, so it is recommended to tighten inspection at a port of entry and monitoring its potential spread in Indonesia.
Production of Sodium Bicarbonate from CO2 Reuse Processes: A Brief Review
Authors: Bonfim-Rocha Lucas , Silva André Batista , de Faria Sérgio Henrique Bernardo , Vieira Marcelo Fernandes , de Souza Marcos 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Research activities discuss about the global environmental impacts of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Government authorities and international conferences aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and encourage the development of sustainable processes using renewable sources. In order to reduce emissions from the industrial sector, CO2 capture and reuse as a raw material in the production of marketable products have encouraged the development of technologies. Among many possible chemical products manufactured from CO2, sodium bicarbonate appears in this context as an important compound in the chemical, food, textile and pharmaceutical industries. Then, the main objective of this work was to carry out a bibliographical review of the main production processes available in the literature for synthesis of sodium bicarbonate and the main chemical reactions involved in the crystallization reactor. Regarding to the processes, soda ash carbonation from trona, the Solvay process and the sodium sulfate route were assessed and compared. Among the main raw materials used in the production process of sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride is presented as most economically feasible while sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate are indicated as the most environmentally viable alternatives. Beyond, the global processes were presented for each route discussing advantages and disadvantages for the separation and purification steps required after the reaction. It is notable that the main raw material is sodium chloride due to its easy possibility of obtaining, from seawater, and large availability for applications at the food industry. Indeed, the production of sodium bicarbonate by means of the Solvay process was the route that presented the best results regarding to the technology development and economic cost. Use of sodium sulfate as raw material has proved to be a possible route, besides presenting numerous advantages such as production of valuable byproducts. However, this route may be not totally viable compared to conventional routes due to the complexity of products separation and purification. The review showed that there is a lack in the scientific literature regarding to the development of studies evaluating sodium bicarbonate crystallization and purification in a cost effective and technical detailed approach.
Assessment of BeiDou’s Tropospheric Model (IGGtrop) for tropospheric delay correction in northern hemisphere
Authors: Farah Ashraf 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Satellite navigation systems face different types of errors that affect the positioning accuracy. The tropospheric delay considers one of the major sources of error for the transmitted signal that could face a tropospheric delay of over 2 m at zenith and 20 m at lower satellite elevation angles. A positioning error of 10 m could result from inaccurate mitigation of the tropospheric delay. Two types of models are available; surface meteorological models and global empirical models. Surface meteorological models use surface meteorological data to give accurate mitigation while the global empirical models use global standard atmospheres. Global empirical models are favorable for satellite based augmentation systems such as EGNOS model for the EGNOS augmentation system. Several hybrid neutral atmosphere delay models have been developed (UNB1 through UNB4). The IGGtrop model is initially developed to provide tropospheric delay corrections for the users of Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and its augmentation system. This paper presents an assessment study for the behaviour of IGGtrop model comparing with (EGNOS, UNB3M) models. The behavior of the three models is compared with IGS-tropospheric estimations for two different-latitude IGS stations; (bhr1 and eil1) in the northern hemisphere. This study recommends using IGGtrop model for estimating the zenith tropospheric delay correction for low-latitude regions in northern hemisphere for all seasons with an average zenith tropospheric difference of 0.75 cm. IGGtrop model is also recommended to be used for estimating the zenith tropospheric delay correction for high-latitude geographic regions in northern hemisphere during autumn and spring seasons with an average zenith tropospheric difference of 0.75 cm. While UNB3M model is the best choice for tropospheric delay correction for high-latitude geographic regions in northern hemisphere during winter and summer seasons with an average zenith tropospheric difference of 1.1 cm.
Company-Based Welfare in Italy: Multi-Stakeholder Networks for Bridging the Gap between Large and Small-Medium Enterprises?
Authors: Maino Franca , Razetti Federico 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOver the last decade, in most Western countries, welfare states have faced increasing challenges due to several socioeconomic and cultural transformations. The economic crisis and austerity measures adopted in the aftermath of these challenges have increased the number of vulnerable people. Against this backdrop, this article aims to shed light on the development of company-based welfare in Italy by focusing specifically on the gap between large and small-medium enterprises and on emerging solutions addressed to fill this gap through the constitution of locally rooted, multi-actor networks. How do they originate? What are their main features? What contribution can they make to defusing the dualization between large, medium and small companies and workers? After reviewing these research questions, a description of the development of company-based welfare in Italy is provided in the first part of the article. We then describe and compare four local welfare networks, including small and medium enterprises, by looking at both their genetic and constitutive elements and their outputs.
Wie beeinflussen Arbeitsanreizerwartungen die sozialpolitischen Positionen der deutschen Arbeitgeberverbände?
Authors: Paster Thomas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStaatliche Sozialleistungen können, je nach Gestaltung des Leistungszugangs, Arbeitsanreize schwächen oder stärken. Eine Schwächung ergibt sich, wenn Leistungsbezug als Alternative zu Erwerbstätigkeit in Frage kommt; eine Stärkung, wenn Leistungen an Verpflichtungen zur Arbeitssuche und Arbeitsaufnahme gekoppelt sind. Aus diesen Gründen ist die Gestaltung von Arbeitsanreizen durch Sozialpolitik für Arbeitgeber relevant. Dieser Beitrag untersucht durch historische Fallstudien von sechs sozialpolitischen Reformen, welche Rolle die Spitzenverbände der Arbeitgeber Arbeitsanreizen in der Sozialpolitik beimaßen sowie wie sich diese Einschätzungen im Zeitverlauf veränderten. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass die Verbände eine Reduktion des Arbeitskräfteangebots durch Sozialpolitik, je nach Arbeitsmarktlage, entweder negativ oder positiv bewerteten. Dort, wo die Verbände eine Schwächung von Arbeitsanreizen als problematisch wahrnahmen, variierte die Intensität dieser Befürchtungen mit der Arbeitsmarktnähe des jeweiligen Programms.
Intermittent Failure of Spike Propagation in Primary Afferent Neurons during Tactile Stimulation
Authors: Al-Basha Dhekra , Prescott Steven A. 
Published: October 2019

Primary afferent neurons convey somatosensory information to the CNS. Low-threshold mechanoreceptors are classified as slow-adapting (SA) or rapid-adapting (RA) based on whether or not they spike repetitively during sustained tactile stimulation; the former are subclassified as Type 1 or 2 based on the regularity of their spiking. Recordingin vivofrom DRGs of mice, we observed irregular- and regular-spiking units consistent with SA1 and SA2 low-threshold mechanoreceptors, but some units, which we labeled “semiregular,” did not fit cleanly into the existing classification scheme. Analysis of their spiking revealed integer-multiple patterning in which spike trains comprised a fundamental interspike interval and multiples thereof. Integer-multiple-patterned spiking was reproduced by randomly removing spikes from an otherwise regular spike train, suggesting that semiregular units represent SA2 units in which some spikes are “missing.” We hypothesized that missing spikes arose from intermittent failure of spikes to initiate or to propagate. Intermittent failure of spike initiation was ruled out by several observations: integer-multiple-patterned spiking was not induced by intradermal lidocaine, was independent of stimulus modality (mechanical vs optogenetic), and could not be reproduced in a conductance-based model neuron given constant input. On the other hand, integer-multiple-patterned spiking was induced by application of lidocaine to the DRG, thus pinpointing intermittent failure of spike propagation as the basis for integer-multiple-patterned spiking. Indeed, half of all SA2 units exhibited some missing spikes, mostly at low rate (<5%), which suggests that axons are efficient in using the lowest safety factor capable of producing near-perfect propagation reliability.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe impedance mismatch at axon branch points can impede spike propagation. Reliability of spike propagation across branch points remains an open question and is especially important for primary afferents whose spikes must cross a T-junction to reach the CNS. Past research on propagation reliability has relied almost entirely on simulations andin vitroexperiments. Here, recordingin vivo, we linked a distinctive pattern of spiking to the intermittent failure of spike propagation at the T-junction. The rarity of failures argues that safety factor is high under physiological conditions, yet the occurrence of such failures argues that safety factor is just high enough to ensure near-perfect reliability, consistent with a good balance between propagation reliability and energy efficiency.