bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Practice of Counseling by Community Pharmacists in Bisha Health Directorate, Saudi Arabia – Simulated Patient Visit
Authors: Qarni Hassan Mohammed Al , Alrahbeni Tahani , AlQarni Ayidh M , Alqarni Abdullah 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background Many organizations have suggested a minimum standard of counseling for patients, which includes information about the name of the drug, description, indication, how to use it, the method of treatment, precautions, adverse reactions, and any contraindications. Correspondingly, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended spending at least 3 minutes with each patient to undertake counseling. The present study aimed to evaluate the practice of counseling by community pharmacists for both over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription-only medicines in Bisha Health Directorate, Saudi Arabia. Method This was a cross-sectional study designed to be a simulation patient visit to community pharmacies at Bisha area. The simulated patient visit were include 73 pharmacies. Two scenarios were used in the simulated patient visit. The first scenario was for a prescription-only medicine and the second scenario was for an OTC medicine. The time recorded for every visit to evaluate counsling period. Results A total of 105 visits were conducted to the community pharmacies as follows: scenario 1 = 73 and scenario 2 = 32. The average time for the simulation was 110 seconds in scenario 1 and 73.4 seconds in scenario 2. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the period it took for the simulation scenario and the time of visit during the day (rho = −0.396, p = 0.001) in the patient simulation. Conclusion It that the service in community pharmacies is selling medicines and patient needs to be given a greaterin these community pharmacies.
Inappropriate Household Water, Sanitation and Hygiene practices are associated with Wasting for children under 5 years in Rural Tanzania: Evidence from the 2015/2016 Survey
Authors: Khamis Ahmed Gharib , Ntwenya Julius Edward , Senkoro Mbazi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Wasting is a serious problem which lead to various morbidity and mortality incidences among infants and young children in developing countries. More is needed to reveal the environmental factors affecting infant and young child health in various settings particularly rural areas.
Objectives: The objective of this analysis was to examine the association between Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) factors with children acute malnutrition (wasting), and investigate weather rural and urban areas being prone to poor WASH practices in Tanzania. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis of the 2015 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) which is a cross-sectional study. The data was retrieved and re-analysed according to the study objective. The study involved 8,937 children aged 0 to 5 years living in Rural and Urban areas of the United Republic of Tanzania. A child was considered to be wasted if weight-for-height Z-scores were below minus two standard deviations (-2 SD) from the median of the WHO reference. Adjusted for Rural and Urban, the WASH factors were entered in the binary logistic regression model for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to control for confounders.
Results: Overall, this analysis reveals that rural areas have relatively poor WASH practices compared to their urban counterparts. The result showed that three WASH factors were retained in the model in rural areas. After controling for potential confounders of wasting like diarhoea and fever. The backward selection procedures of the logistic regression showed that: inappropriate disposal of stool (AOR=1.28; 1-1.59 95% CI); more than 30 minutes spent to get water (AOR=0.74; 0.54-1.01 95% CI) and unavailable place for handwashing (AOR=1.23, 0.96-1.56 95% CI) were associated with wasting in rural areas. Only one factor of inappropriate disposal of stool (AOR=2.8; 1.59-4.89, 95% CI) was found to be significantly associated with wasting in urban areas. Both rural and urban areas, there was no association between availability of handwashing facilities, type of sanitation and access to improved water sources with childhood wasting.
Conclusion: This study justifies the importance of interventions for WASH targeting on promotion of nutrition and disease prevention in Tanzania especially in rural areas.
Interaction between COX-1 and COX-2 increases susceptibility to ischemic stroke in a Chinese population
Authors: Zhao Lei , Fang Jinghuan , Zhou Muke , Zhou Jie , Yu Lihua , Chen Ning , He Li 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background:Mutations of cyclooxygenase gene (COX gene) may increase the susceptibility of ischemic stroke. We investigated five variants (rs5788, rs1330344, rs3842788, rs20417, and rs689466) of two COX genes in order to explaining the association between these polymorphisms and we also investigated the association between these variants and ischemic stroke risk to determine whether gene–gene interaction between these genes increases the susceptibility of ischemic stroke or its subtypes.
Method: A total of 1981 study subjects (1078 cases and 903 control subjects) were recruited. The interaction of multiple factors was investigated using Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction. The additive effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms on ischemic stroke or its subtypes were analyzed by multiple factor logistic regression.
Results: At COX-1(rs1330344), AA genotype carriers had a lower susceptibility of ischemic stroke ( OR=0.657, 95%CI= 0.437-0.988, P = 0.044 ), and A allele carriers had a lower susceptibility of ischemic stroke ( OR=0.812, 95%CI= 0.657-0.978, P = 0.029 ). At COX-1(rs3842788), AA genotype carriers had a higher susceptibility of ischemic stroke ( OR =5.203, 95% CI=1.519-5.159, P =0.016) . At COX-2 (rs689466), AA genotype carriers had a higher susceptibility of large-artery atherosclerosis ( OR =1.404, 95% CI=1.019-1.934, P =0.038 ). COX-1(rs1330344, rs3842788) and COX-2 rs689466 interacted in SVO, but had no additive effect with ischemic stroke and other subtypes.
Conclusions: At rs1330344, AA genotype may reduce the susceptibility of ischemic stroke. At rs3842788, AA genotype may increase the susceptibility of ischemic stroke. At rs689466, AA genotype may increase the susceptibility of large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA). COX -1(rs1330344, rs3842788) and COX-2 rs689466 interacted in small vessel occlusion (SVO), but had no additive effect with ischemic stroke and other subtypes.
WICHTIGE ELEMENTE BEI DER BEGRIFFSBESTIMMUNG DES BEREICHERUNGSVERBOT IM PRIVATVERSICHERUNGSRECHT (Ein Vergleich zwischen dem österreichischen- und der türkischen Rechtsystemen)
Authors: YILDIRIM Ferhat 
Published: November 2019

Die Versicherung ist ein wichtiges Instrument, das im Falle
des Auftretens der im Alltag begegneten oder zu begegnenden Risiken,
entstandenen Schaden mit geringsten Verlust loszuwerden und dass der
Versicherungs-nehmer zu seinem früheren Zustand zurückkehrt ermöglicht.
Hinsichtlich dieser Wichtigkeit kann die Versicherung heute nicht
berücksichtigt werden. Wenn die Globalisierung, die technologische
Entwicklungen usw. berücksichtigt werden, kann es nicht diskutiert werden, dass
es besonders im materiellen Sinn schwer ist, dass die neuen Risiken auftreten,
die Arten von Risiken variieren und die Person dagegen allein kämpfen kann.
Deswegen ist es nicht eine falsche Aussage, dass die Versicherung jetzt ein
Muss unseres Lebens ist. Es ist
unvermeidlich, dass ein so wichtiger Bereich manche sui generis Grundprinzipien
hat. Diese Prinzipien bezüglich des Bereichs der Versicherung sind von ganzen
Welt angenommene und allgemeine Prinzipien. Eine dieser Prinzipien
„Ersatzprinzip“ oder „ungerechtfertigte Bereicherungs-prinzip“ hat einen
besonderen Platz für das Versicherungsrecht.
Der Grund der Aussage „die Versicherung kann niemals für den
Versicherungsnehmer oder die versicherte Person eine Quelle des Profits sein “
basiert auf dem ungerechtfertigten Bereicherungsprinzip. Im Rahmen dieses
Prinzips ist die dem Versicherungsnehmer oder der versicherten Person zur
bezahlende Summe weder weniger noch mehr als den erlittenen echten Schaden, sie
bringt dem Versicherungs-nehmer oder der versicherten Person keinen Nutzen. Die
Existenz dieses Prinzips verursacht auch, dass im Bereich der Versicherung
manche besonderen Begriffe und Elemente auftreten. Infolge der Beziehungen
zwischen diese Elemente wird es herausgefunden, ob das nach dem Risiko
entstehende Bereicherungsverbot in Frage kommt. Diese Elemente sind die Versicherungs-summe,
der Versicherungswert und der Ersatz. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit
den Elementen, die effektiv sind, um festzulegen ob das Grundprinzip von dem
Versicherungsrecht „das Bereicherungsverbot“ in Frage kommt, unter
Berücksichtigung des besonders österreichischen
Versicherungs-vertragsgesetzes-VersVG und türkischen Handelsrechtsgesetzes-TTK.
Electrochemical Capacitance of Annealed High-Carbon Steel in Aqueous and Non-aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: YAVUZ Abdulcabbar , KAPLAN Kaan 
Published: November 2019

High-carbon steel was heat treated in a furnace at 400
ᵒC, 600 ᵒC and 800 ᵒC for 30 minutes. Annealed and non-annealed high carbon
steels were immersed in aqueous (KOH and Na2SO4) and
non-aqueous (choline chloride and urea based ionic liquid called Reline) electrolyte
in order to understand their electrochemical behavior depending on different annealing
temperatures. Areal capacitance of heat treated and non-heat treated high
carbon steel was calculated based on applied elevated temperatures. Roughness
of high-carbon steel increased after thermal oxidation. The current density and specific capacitance increased
upon increasing annealing temperature of high carbon steel charged/discharged
in KOH electrolyte. The capacitance of steel heat-treated at 800 ᵒC was 50
times greater than that of non-annealed steel in KOH. The areal capacitance of high-carbon
steel scanned in Na2SO4 increased as annealing
temperature increased. The specific capacitance of steel annealed at high
temperature in Na2SO4 was greater than that in KOH and in
Reline electrolyte. Although
non-annealed and 400 ᵒC annealed high carbon steel was electrochemically
inactive in Reline ionic liquid, the specific capacitance of steel treated at
600 ᵒC and 800 ᵒC increased significantly in Reline. Reline, Na2SO4
and KOH could be used conveniently as supercapacitor electrolyte with annealed high-carbon
steels.
Development of multi-model ensemble for projection of extreme rainfall events in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Noor Muhammad , Ismail Tarmizi , Shahid Shamsuddin , Nashwan Mohamed Salem , Ullah Shahid 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPossible changes in rainfall extremes in Peninsular Malaysia were assessed in this study using an ensemble of four GCMs of CMIP5. The performance of four bias correction methods was compared, and the most suitable method was used for downscaling of GCM simulated daily rainfall to the spatial resolution (0.25°) of APHRODITE rainfall. The multi-model ensemble (MME) mean of the downscaled rainfall was developed using a random forest regression algorithm. The MME projected rainfall for four RCPs were compared with APHRODITE rainfall for the base year (1961–2005) to assess the annual and seasonal changes in eight extreme rainfall indices. The results showed power transformation as the most suitable bias correction method. The maximum changes in most of the annual and seasonal extreme rainfall indices were observed for RCP8.5 in the last part of this century. The maximum increase was observed for 1-day and 5 consecutive days' rainfall amount for RCP4.5. Spatial distribution of the changes revealed higher increase of the extremes in the northeast region where rainfall extremes are already very high. The increase in rainfall extremes would increase the possibility of frequent hydrological disasters in Peninsular Malaysia.
Simulation of river discharge in ungauged catchments by forcing GLDAS products to a hydrological model (a case study: Polroud basin, Iran)
Authors: Khasmakhi Hadis Pakdel , Vazifedoust Majid , Marofi Safar , Tizro Abdollah Taheri 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Due to unavailability of sufficient discharge data for many rivers, an appropriate approach is required to provide accurate data for estimating discharge in ungauged watersheds. In this study, Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) datasets were integrated with Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) to simulate the outlet river discharge in Polroud watershed, located in the North of Iran. Temperature and precipitation products generated by GLDAS were calibrated using regression analysis based on observation data for the period of 2004–2006. Then, river discharge was simulated by using HEC-HMS based on two different datasets (GLDAS meteorological product and gauged data) on the scale of the basin for the same period. The results clearly indicated that the forcing of GLDAS data into HEC-HMS model leads to promising results with acceptable correlation with observed data. Although, in comparison with direct GLDAS runoff products, the proposed approach improved the accuracy of river discharge, the problem of underestimation still reduces the expected accuracy. Because of global accessibility, GLDAS datasets would be a good alternative in ungauged or poorly gauged watersheds.
The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Anacardic Acid on a TNF-α - Induced Human Saphenous Vein Endothelial Cell Culture Model
Authors: Önal Burak , Özen Deniz , Demir Bülent , Gezen Ak Duygu , Dursun Erdinç , Demir Caner , Akkan Ahmet Gökhan , Özyazgan Sibel 
Published: November 2019

Background and Objective:
Coronary bypass operations are commonly performed for the
treatment of ischemic heart diseases. Coronary artery bypass surgery with autologous human saphenous
vein maintains its importance as a commonly used therapy for advanced atherosclerosis. Vascular
inflammation-related intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerotic progress have major roles in the pathogenesis
of saphenous vein graft disease.

Methods:
In our study, we investigated the effect of anacardic acid (AA), which is a bioactive phytochemical
in the shell of Anacardium occidentale, on atherosclerosis considering its inhibitory effect on
NF-κB. We observed relative ICAM-1 and NF-κB mRNA levels by qRT-PCR method in a TNF-α-
induced inflammation model of saphenous vein endothelial cell culture after 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5 μM of
AA were applied to the cells. In addition, protein levels of ICAM-1 and NF-κB were evaluated by immunofluorescent
staining. The results were compared between different concentrations of AA, and also
with the control group.

Results:
It was found that 5 μM, 1 μM and 0.5 μM of AA had toxic effects, while cytotoxicity decreased
when 0.1 μM of AA was applied both alone and with TNF-α. When AA was applied with TNF-α, there
was a decrease and suppression in NF-κB expression compared with the TNF-α group. TNF-α-induced
ICAM-1 expression was significantly reduced more in the AA-applied group than in the TNF-α group.

Conclusion:
In accordance with our results, it can be said that AA has a protective role in the pathogenesis
of atherosclerosis and hence in saphenous vein graft disease.
Improved Clinical Outcomes with Dulaglutide as Add-on Medication to Oral Antidiabetic Drugs with or Without Insulin in Overweight Indian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Retrospective Study in a Real-World Setting
Authors: Ghosh Aneesh , Nair Rakhee 
Published: November 2019

Aim:
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have demonstrated several
extra-pancreatic benefits in addition to glycemic control. This study retrospectively evaluates the realworld
clinical effectiveness of dulaglutide as add-on therapy in overweight patients with inadequately
controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials and Methods:
This single-center study included overweight adult patients (N, 85; women,
45) with inadequately controlled T2DM (mean glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] (standard deviation
[SD]), 7.55 [0.43] %; and body mass index [BMI] [SD], 29.01 [2.30] kg/m2) treated with dulaglutide
(1.5 mg) once weekly as an add-on therapy. Follow-up improvements in outcomes were analyzed using
the paired t-test. Subgroup analysis was performed for selected outcomes. Safety parameters were
also evaluated.

Results:
At the 20-week follow-up, dulaglutide based therapy demonstrated a significant reduction
(P<.001) in HbA1c, body weight and BMI, with a mean reduction (MR [SD]) of 0.45 [0.38] %, 5.06
[2.33] kg, and 1.82 [0.81] kg/m2, respectively, in the overall population. Similarly, reduction in urine
albumin/creatinine ratio [U-ACR] (6.04 [15.53] mg/g), cholesterol (3.24 [4.14] mg/dL), triglycerides
(16.60 [12.39] mg/dL), very-low-density lipoprotein [VLDL] (3.31 [2.48] mg/dL), serum glutamicoxaloacetic
transaminase (1.80 [2.92] U/L) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (8.00 [5.64] U/L) was
also significant (P<.05). Target HbA1c of <7% was achieved in 40% of patients. Reduction in HbA1c
and body weight was significant across all subgroups analyzed. Predominantly, gastrointestinal adverse
events were reported.

Conclusion:
Dulaglutide as an add-on therapy was well tolerated with significant improvement in
HbA1c, body weight, BMI, U-ACR, lipid fractions and serum transaminases in overweight Indian patients
with T2DM.
Influence of component fineness on hydration and strength development in ternary slag-limestone cements
Authors: Adu-Amankwah Samuel , Bernal Lopez Susan A , Black Leon 
Published: November 2019

The quest for sustainable alternatives to Portland cement has led to the exploration of a range of materials or their combinations, often with the aim of exploiting synergies in reactions or particle packing to maximize performance. Simultaneous optimization of both presents a viable option to increase the efficiency of cementitious materials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of varying the fineness of the constituents in ternary blends of CEM I – granulated ground blast furnace slag (GGBS) - limestone on hydration kinetics and strength development.
Eight (8) ternary cement mixes were tested at 0.5 water/binder (w/b) ratio. Hydration was followed by isothermal conduction calorimetry and setting time. In addition, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and compressive strength development up to 180 days of curing were assessed. The efficiency associated with changing the fineness of each component was evaluated in terms of the net heat of reaction and compressive strength. The results show that fine CEM I is critical for hydration at early age, and this is reflected in the compressive strength accordingly. The benefits associated with finer GGBS and similarly limestone depend on the fineness of the other constituents in the blend. Optimization of these should consider the inter-dependencies in terms of kinetics and microstructure development.
Persepsi Mahasiswa terhadap Penggunaan Virtual Laboratory dalam Pembelajaran Biologi Molekuler
Authors: Suryanti Evi , Fitriani Any , Redjeki Sri , Riandi Riandi 
Published: November 2019

Virtual laboratory berkembang pesat penggunaannya dalam pembelajaran sains karena terbukti memberikan manfaat yang signifikan terhadap proses dan hasil belajar sains. Keterbatasan fasilitas laboratorium dalam pembelajaran Biologi Molekuler pada Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi di salah satu LPTK di Kota Pekanbaru telah mendorong pengembangan aplikasi PCR virtual dan penggunaannya dalam pembelajaran Biologi Molekuler berstrategi modified free inquiry pada topik Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meninjau persepsi mahasiswa terhadap penggunaan aplikasi PCR virtual serta mendeskripsikan dan membandingkan persepsi tersebut dengan hasil-hasil penelitian sebelumnya yang relevan. Ada lima aspek persepsi yang disurvei yaitu inovasi, motivasi, efektivitas, manfaat, dan penyajian prosedur praktikum. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa persentase persepsi positif paling besar adalah pada aspek inovasi dan penyajian prosedur praktikum (98%), diikuti oleh aspek motivasi (96%), aspek manfaat (88%), dan aspek efektivitas (86%). Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara rerata sebagian besar mahasiswa (93%) mempunyai persepsi positif terhadap penggunaan PCR virtual dalam pembelajaran Biologi Molekuler dan sebagian kecil (7%) yang memiliki persepsi negatif.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD Berbantuan Peta Konsep Terhadap Peningkatan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Biologi Siswa SMA Negeri 2 Siak Hulu Pada Materi Genetika
Authors: Hidayah Siti Nur 
Published: November 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan proses peningkatan aktivitas dan hasil belajar biologi siswa pada materi substansi genetika di kelas XII IPA2 SMA Negeri 2 siak hulu Kabupaten Kampar dengan pembelajaran model kooperatif tipe Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) berbantuan peta konsep. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) pada materi substansi genetika. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII IPA 2 SMA Negeri 2 siak hulu Kabupaten Kampar. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua siklus, yang setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Instrumen penelitian berupa lembar observasi aktivitas siswa, lembar tes hasil belajar. Data dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif untuk melihat peningkatan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pembelajaran model kooperatif tipe STAD berbantuan peta konsep dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar biologi siswa pada materi genetika di kelas XII IPA 2 SMA Negeri 2 Siak Hulu Kabupaten Kampar.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Siswa Berbasis Model-Eliciting Activities untuk Memfasilitasi Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama
Authors: Meisya Sahara , Suhandri Suhandri , Nufus Hayatun 
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa SMP. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) matematika berbasis Model-Eliciting Activities (MEAs) yang valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk memfasilitasi kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa pada materi kubus dan balok. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE. Penelitian dilakukan di SMPN 1 Rambatan dengan subjek penelitian adalah para ahli materi dan ahli media pembelajaran yang berasal dari dosen dan guru, serta siswa SMPN 1 Rambatan. Sampel penelitian adalah kelas VIII1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII2 sebagai kelas kontrol. Objek penelitian adalah LKS matematika berbasis MEAs. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa angket dan soal tes. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan teknik analisis data kualitatif dan kuantitatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas LKS matematika berbasis MEAs yang dikembangkan tergolong dalam kategori sangat valid (92,92 ) dan sangat praktis ( untuk kelompok kecil dan untuk kelompok besar). Sedangkan berdasarkan hasil uji inferensial diperoleh bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada kemampuan komunikasi matematis antara siswa kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas kontrol. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa LKS matematika berbasisMEAs ini telah valid, praktis dan efektif.