bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcaneal Osteotomy “Safe Zone” for Avoiding Injury to the Lateral Plantar Artery: A Fresh Cadaveric Study
Authors: Tonogai Ichiro , Sairyo Koichi , Tsuruo Yoshihiro Tsuruo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Calcaneal osteotomy is used to correct hindfoot deformity. Pseudoaneurysms of the lateral plantar artery (LPA) have been reported following calcaneal osteotomy and are at risk of rupture. The vascular structures in close proximity to the calcaneal osteotomy have variable courses and branching patterns. However, there is little information on the “safe zone” during calcaneal osteotomy. This study aimed to identify the safe zone that avoids LPA injury during calcaneal osteotomy.Methods Enhanced computed tomography scans of 25 fresh cadaveric feet (13 male and 12 female specimens; mean age 79.0 years at time of death) were assessed. The specimens were injected with barium via the external iliac artery. A landmark line (line A) connecting the posterosuperior aspect of the calcaneal tuberosity and the origin of the plantar fascia was drawn and the shortest perpendicular distance between the LPA and line A was measured on sagittal images.Results The average perpendicular distance between the LPA and line A at its closest point was 15.2 ± 2.9 mm. In 2 feet (8.0%), the perpendicular distance between the LPA and line A at its closest point was very short (approximately 9 mm). In 18 of the 25 feet (72.0%), the point where the perpendicular distance from line A to the LPA was closest was the bifurcation of one of the medial calcaneal branches of the LPA, and in 7 feet (28.0%) the shortest perpendicular distance from line A to the LPA was the trifurcation of the LPA, medial plantar artery, and one of the medial calcaneal branches.Conclusion Calcaneal osteotomy performed more than 9 mm from line A could damage the LPA by overpenetration on the medial side. Calcaneal osteotomy on the medial side should be performed with caution to avoid iatrogenic injury to the LPA.Level of Evidence: IV, cadaveric study
Real-World Safety and Efficacy of Nivolumab in Advanced Squamous and Nonsquamous Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Croatia, Hungary and Malta
Authors: Vrdoljak Eduard , Jakopović Marko , Geczi Lajos , Bogos Krisztina , Bosković Lidija , Magri Claude , Bitar Lela , Bajić Žarko , Samaržija Miroslav 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: There is a lack of real-world data on the safety and efficacy of nivolumab in patients with previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) especially in South East Europe, a region with particularly high incidence and an unfavorable mortality-to-incidence ratio for lung cancer. Methods: This is a multicenter, retrospective cohort study on patients with stage IIIB or IV disease with at least one previous systemic treatment who received nivolumab through an expanded-access program between 2015 and 2017 in Croatia, Malta and Hungary. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients whose therapy was discontinued because of toxicity. Secondary endpoints were incidence of adverse events (AEs), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), time to response (TTR), duration of response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: We analyzed data on 239 patients with a median (IQR) age of 62 (57-68), and 33% of them were women. Treatment was discontinued because of toxicity in 11.6% (95% CI 7.8% to 16.5%) of patients. The PFS was 6.4 (95% CI 5.2 to 8.6) months, and the median OS was 14.1 (10.6 to 18.0) months. Conclusions: The safety and efficacy of nivolumab in previously treated patients with advanced NSCLC in the real-world South East Europe clinical settings were consistent with the results of randomized clinical trials and comparable to the results from other countries.
Neurodevelopmental Outcome and Respiratory Management of Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome: A case control study
Authors: Ogata Tomomi , Muramatsu Kazuhiro , Miyana Kaori , Ozawa Hiroshi , Iwasaki Motoki , Arakawa Hirokazu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare disease characterized by sleep apnea. Anoxia often occurs soon after birth, and it is important to prevent anoxia-mediated central nervous system complications; however, data on the relationship between respiratory management and the prognosis for intellectual development of patients with CCHS is scarce. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review cohort study of patients with CCHS in Japan. We investigated the risk and prognostic factors for developmental outcomes and examined the disease in terms of its symptoms, diagnosis, complications, and treatment. Results: Of the 123 patients with CCHS included in the survey, 88 patients were 6 years old and older. They were divided into two group based on their IQ. Those treated using positive-pressure ventilation via tracheostomy in the first three months of life had a better developmental prognosis than those managed via tracheostomy after three months of age and those treated by ventilation using mask (OR = 3.80; 95% CI: 1.00–14.37, OR = 4.65; 95% CI: 1.11–19.37). There was no significant difference in physical development (P = 0.64). Conclusions: The best respiratory treatment for patients with CCHS is ventilation via tracheostomy, initiated ideally before the age of three months.
Serum level and clinical significance of vitamin E in children with allergic rhinitis
Authors: WANG Shi-yi , WANG Yin-feng , PAN Chun-chen , Sun Jingwu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) has an increasing prevalence in children and its etiology has aroused wide concern. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum concentrations of vitamin E and allergic rhinitis (AR) to determine if the vitamin E level is correlated with the occurrence and severity of AR. Methods: A total of 113 children were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Sixty-five children in the outpatient group were diagnosed with AR, and 48 healthy children were recruited as controls. All subjects underwent serum vitamin E measurements. Serum tototal IgE (tIgE), the five most common allergen- specific IgE (sIgE) levels and skin prick test (SPT) were measured in children with AR. The severity of AR was assessed with the nasal symptoms score. Results: Serum vitamin E levels were significantly lower in the AR group than in the normal children (p<0.001). A significant negative correlation was observed between serum vitamin E levels and sIgE as well as the SPT grade. Serum vitamin E levels were also inversely related to the nasal symptoms score; however, statistical significance was not found. Conclusions: A significantly lower vitamin E level was found in children with AR. Lower serum vitamin E levels play a role in the occurrence of AR in children. However, serum vitamin E levels were not statistically correlated with the severity of AR.
Establishment of a Pediatric Trigger Tool Based on Global Trigger Tool to Identify Adverse Drug Events of Children: Experience in a Chinese hospital
Authors: LIU YI , YAN JUN FENG , XIE YUN FEI , BIAN YUAN 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The Global Trigger Tool (GTT)，which is a method using “triggers” to review medical record retrospectively to identify possible adverse events. Several studies showed that the GTT was effective. However, there were only a few localized trigger tools that had been established to detect pediatric adverse drug events (ADEs) in China. This study aimed to establish a pediatric trigger tool based on GTT, to examine the performance by detecting pediatric inpatients ADEs in a Chinese hospital (a retrospective review), and to investigate the factors associating with the occurrence of ADEs. Methods: The triggers were established by three steps including literature search, triggers extraction and revision, and experts investigation. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to detect ADEs by using 200 pediatric inpatient records of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital. Results: 33 preliminary triggers were established, and 2 rounds of experts investigation were conducted. Finally, 33 triggers were established. In the retrospective review, the positive trigger rate was 64.0%, while the positive predictive value (PPV) was 24.9%. The occurrence of inpatients with ADEs was 20.5%. ADEs/100 patients were 49.0. ADEs/1000 patients days were 46.89. The most common ADE categories were leukocyte abnormalities, skin lesions and platelet abnormalities. The severity of 39 ADEs was grade 1, 55 ADEs was grade 2, 4 ADEs was grade 3. The highest frequency of ADE-related drugs was antineoplastic, followed by antibacterial. The length of stay and the leukemia in the diagnosed diseases were positively correlated with ADEs . Conclusion : The 33 pediatric triggers may detect ADEs effectively, but still need to be optimized. This study may provide some references for further research in order to improve the rationality and safety of medication.
Bioinformatics analysis of epitope-based vaccine design against the novel SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Chen Hongzhi , Tang Lingli , Yu Xinling , Zhou Jie , Chang Yunfeng , Wu Xiang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: An outbreak of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 recently has brought a great challenge to public health. Rapid identification of immune epitopes would be an efficient way to screen the candidates for vaccine development at the time of pandemic. This study aimed to predict the protective epitopes with bioinformatics methods and resources for vaccine development. Methods: ABCpred and BepiPred servers were utilized for sequential B-cell epitope analysis. Discontinuous B-cell epitopes were predicted via DiscoTope 2.0 program. IEDB server was utilized for HLA-1 and HLA-2 binding peptides computation. Surface accessibility, antigenicity, and other important features of forecasted epitopes were characterized for immunogen potential evaluation. Results: A total of 63 sequential B-cell epitopes on spike protein were predicted and 4 peptides (Spike315-324, Spike333-338, Spike648-663, Spike1064-1079) exhibited high antigenicity score and good surface accessibility. 10 residues within spike protein (Gly496, Glu498, Pro499, Thr500, Leu1141, Gln1142, Pro1143, Glu1144, Leu1145, Asp1146) are forecasted as components of discontinuous B-cell epitopes. The bioinformatics analysis of HLA binding peptides within nucleocapsid protein produced 81 and 64 peptides being able to bind class-I and class-II molecule respectively. The peptides (Nucleocapsid66-75, Nucleocapsid104-112) were predicted to bind a wide spectrum of both HLA-1 and HLA-2 molecules. Conclusions: B-cell epitopes on spike protein and T-cell epitopes within nucleocapsid protein were identified and recommended for developing a protective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.
Evaluation of antiparasitic therapy directly administered for the control of canine echinococcosis in an endemic area of hydatidosis.
Authors: Montalvo Raul , Huiza Alaina , Clemente Johana , Castañeda Lorena , Ccente Yoli , Nuñez Mayori , Arteaga Lizet , Balbuena Lizzeth , Inga Cristhian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Echinococcosis remains endemic despite attempts to reduce the prevalence of this disease. The objective of the study was to evaluate the results of an intervention program based on antiparasitic therapy directly administered for the control of canine Echinococcosis in an endemic area of ​​hydatidosis.Methods: Fecal samples of the dogs were analyzed by coproantigen using the immunoenzymatic technique for the diagnosis of echinococcosis before and after the direct and observed administration of praziquantel 5mg by kg orally in three doses every 30 days each cycle was 2 times at year for two consecutive years.Results: Of a total of 252 dogs, 119 (47%) presented positive results to Echinococcus before the intervention. The adverse effects presented with the administration of praziquantel were: 13 (5.2%) dogs had vomiting, 6 (2.4%) dogs had diarrhea, 5 (2%) had drowsiness or lethargy, the most severe complication was death of 02 (0.8%) dogs after 7 days of the first dose. 229 dogs completed the 4 cycles of the administration of praziquantel. 03 (1.3%) dogs presented positive coproantigene after direct antiparasitic administration.Conclusions: Antiparasitic chemotherapy administered directly to the dogs periodically managed to reduce the prevalence of canine echinococcosis.
Continuous inhibition of Sonic hedgehog signaling effectively leads to differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells into functional insulin-producing β cells
Authors: Lee Song , Joo Jae Hyun , Oh Ju Yun , Seo Eun Ha , Kim Yang Hee , Jun Eunsung , Shim In Kyoung , Kim Song Cheol 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived insulin-producing cells (IPCs) can be used for islet cell transplantation in type 1 diabetic patients and as patient-specific cells for the development of novel anti-diabetic drugs. Therefore, it is necessary develop a method for generating functional IPCs from iPSCs and simplifying the stepwise protocol. Methods: We compared combinations of small molecules that could efficiently induce the differentiation of cells into a definitive endoderm, and preferentially into islet precursor cells. IPCs, generated using the optimal combination of small molecules, were confirmed to demonstrate insulin secretion in response to glucose stimulation. Finally, we re-constructed spheroid IPCs and verified the optimized culture and maturation conditions. Results: It was confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction that definitive endoderm-specific markers were expressed differently depending on the combination of the small molecules used. Small molecule SANT-1 induced the differentiation of cells into functional IPCs by acting as an inhibitor of Sonic hedgehog signaling. Images of 2D culture showed that IPCs were spheroid-shaped from day 5 and demonstrated sustained insulin secretion. We developed a simple differentiation method using small molecules that produced functional IPCs that responded efficiently to glucose stimulation in a relatively short time. Conclusions: We posit that this method along with a method that refines the process of differentiation can be used for growing IPCs that can be employed in clinical trials.
Diversity and Co-Occurrence Patterns of microbial Communities in the Fertilized Eggs of Thitarodes Insect, the Implication on the Occurrence of Chinese cordyceps
Authors: Guo Lian-Xian , Liu Xiao-Shan , Mai Zhan-Hua , Hong Yue-Hui , Zhu Qi-Jiong , Guo Xu-Ming , Tang Huan-Wen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

The large-scale artificial cultivation of Chinese cordyceps has not been widely implemented because the crucial factors triggering the occurrence of Chinese cordyceps have not been fully illuminated.

Methods

In this study, the bacterial and fungal structure of fertilized eggs in the host Thitarodes collected from 3 sampling sites with different occurrence rates of Chinese cordyceps (Sites A, B and C: high, low and null Chinese cordyceps, respectively) were analyzed by performing 16S RNA and ITS sequencing, respectively. And the intra-kingdom and inter-kingdom network were analyzed.

Results

For bacterial community, totally 4671 bacterial OTUs were obtained. α-diversity analysis revealed that the evenness of the eggs from site A was significantly higher than that of sites B and C, and the dominance index of site A was significantly lower than that of sites B and C ( P < 0.05). β-diversity analysis showed that the differences of bacterial community among the eggs from the three sampling sites were significantly different. OTU1 ( Wolbachia ) was the overwhelming predominant bacteria in the eggs from sites B and C. Although OTU4 ( Spiroplasma ) was detected in minor abundances, it showed distribution preference in the fertilized eggs from site A. For fungal community, totally 3318 fungal OTUs were obtained. Difference analysis showed significant differences among the three sites, while the differences were not as significant as that of bacterial community. In addition, ten fungal genera in the three most concerned Cordyceps families (Clavicipitaceae, Cordycipitaceae and Ophiocordycipitaceae) were detected in the fertilized eggs, while the most approved anamorph ( Hirsutella ) of Chinese cordyceps wasn’t discovered. Intra-kingdom (fungi) network analysis revealed more positive correlations and average degrees at sites A, and Inter-kingdom network analysis revealed more positive and negative correlations at sites A.

Discussion

The microbial community, especially the bacterial community in the fertilized eggs, might be significantly related with the occurrence of Chinese cordyceps, and Wolbachia might be the most significant microorganism negatively related with the occurrence. A closer correlation of the microbial community, especially closer fungal positive correlation, in the fertilized eggs might help for the occurrence of Chinese cordyceps.
Predictors of thyroglobulin in the lymph nodes recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma undergoing total thyroidectomy
Authors: Xing Zhichao , Qiu Yuxuan , Li Zhe , Zhang Lingyun , Fei Yuan , Zhu Jingqiang , Su Anping 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels in recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients, thereby evaluating possible risk factors and structural features of lymph nodes (LNs) recurrence.Patients and Methods: All the patients with primary PTC who underwent total thyroidectomy (TT) with central or lateral neck dissection and then re-operated due to LNs recurrence between January 2013 and June 2018 were included. Patients were subdivided groups by different Tg levels. Results: This study included 60 patients with LNs recurrence. Of all, 49 patients underwent radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment. Maximum unstimulated Tg (uTg) ≥ 0.2 ng/mL were associated with larger diameter of recurrent LNs (P = 0.027), higher possibility of diameters of recurrent LNs ≥ 25mm (P = 0.023) and higher ratio of metastatic LNs (P < 0.001). Pre-RAI ablation serum-stimulated Tg (off-Tg) ≥ 1ng/mL and unstimulated Tg detected at 1 week after RAI ablation (on-Tg) ≥ 0.2 ng/mL were associated with larger diameter of recurrent LNs and higher possibility of diameters of recurrent LNs ≥ 25mm. Number of metastatic LNs ≥ 8 was an independent predictor for maximum uTg ≥ 0.2 ng/mL (OR = 8.767; 95% CI =1.392-55.216; P = 0.021). Ratio of metastatic LNs ≥ 25% was an independent predictor for off-Tg ≥ 1 ng/mL (OR = 20.997; 95% CI =1.649-267.384; P = 0.019). Conclusion: Tg-positive was associated with larger size of recurrent LNs. Number of metastatic LNs ≥8 could independently predict maximum uTg-positive. Ratio of metastatic LNs ≥ 25% was an independent predicator for off-Tg-positive.
Klotho inhibits H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in periodontal ligament stem cells by regulating UCP2 expression
Authors: Zhu Lilei , Xie Hui , Liu Qingqing , Ma Fei , Wu Hao 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Periodontitis, known as a human chronic inflammatory disease, has affected the life of millions of individuals. Known risk factors such as metabolic disease and oxidative stress have been reported to be closely associated with the initiation or development of periodontitis. However, the etiology of periodontitis remains unclear. Klotho, a single-pass transmembrane protein, has been widely reported to modulate cellular processes in various diseases. However, the role of Klotho in periodontitis is unknown.Results In this study, we designed and conducted a series of experiments to evaluate the role of Klotho in chronic periodontitis. Our experimental results showed that Klotho was downregulated in the gingival tissues, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) of chronic periodontitis patients. Besides, Klotho upregulated the production of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in H2O2-treated PDLSCs. In function, Klotho inhibited H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis in PDLSCs. Moreover, the rescue assay suggested that UCP2 knock-down suppressed the effects of Klotho on H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PDLSCs.Conclusions In conclusion, we found that Klotho inhibits H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PDLSCs by regulating UCP2 expression. This novel discovery may provide a potential target for chronic periodontitis treatment.
An Exploratory Qualitative Study of Health Professional Perspectives on Clinical Outcomes in UK Orthotic Practice
Authors: Hall Natalie , Parker Daniel , Williams Anita Ellen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Despite potential savings to the National Health Service, the collection of data on outcomes of NHS orthotic services is patchy. Indeed, several reports into orthotic services in the UK have reported a lack of data relating to outcomes of care and highlighted the need to routinely record outcomes to demonstrate efficacy of services. This research aimed to explore orthotic service professional perspectives on outcomes in orthotic practice. A secondary aim was to explore potential barriers to the routine use of outcome measure tools in practice.Methods: Following a review of the literature, an initial advisory group involving experts in the field was conducted. From this, semi-structured questions were developed, and a focus group was undertaken. Data from the focus group was transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis, creating themes and subthemes for discussion.Results: The participants considered a successful outcome as a ‘usable’ orthosis, this linked to a preference for evaluation of patient reported outcomes. The setting of realistic joint goals via patient education was seen as a method of improving outcomes. Barriers to collection of data were associated with inadequate technology to manage the ‘data burden’, lack of clinical time to complete and difficulties selecting outcome measure tools for a varied population. Issues around usability of current outcome measure tools were also highlighted. Participants discussed ways of addressing these barriers, such as the use of ‘snapshots’ and delegation of data collection. Conclusions:This research is unique in that it is the first-time orthotic service professional opinions have been analysed specifically relating to outcomes, outcome measure tools and possible barriers to their use. The participants acknowledged the relevance of outcome measure tools, identified barriers to use but had created novel ways to address barriers. Further, they indicated that to achieve good outcomes it was important to address service user expectations of treatment, discuss and establish joint goals for care at the outset and communicate/ educate on the clinical reasoning process. This research has contributed to current knowledge within the field of orthotics and may provide a theoretical basis for future research in the field.