bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deworming women of reproductive age during adolescence and pregnancy: what is the impact on morbidity from soil-transmitted helminths infection?
Authors: Vegvari Carolin , Giardina Federica , Bajaj Sumali , Malizia Veronica , Hardwick Robert J. , Truscott James E , Montresor Antonio , de Vlas Sake J , Coffeng Luc E , Anderson Roy M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are a major cause of poor health in low- and middle-income countries. In particular, hookworm is known to cause anaemia in children and women of reproductive age (WRA). One goal of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2030 roadmap for neglected tropical diseases is to reduce STH-related morbidity in WRA. As a minimal intervention the WHO recommends deworming adolescent girls annually during human papilloma virus vaccination programmes and women of reproductive age (WRA) during pregnancy and lactation. These routine interventions are low cost can be implemented even from the most basic health services in endemic countries. In this study we use a cohort model to investigate the potential impact on STH-related morbidity in WRA.Results: Annual deworming treatment of adolescent girls reduces the prevalence of M&HI infections in this age group by up to 60% in moderate transmission settings and by 12-27% in high-transmission settings. Treatment of WRA during pregnancy and lactation on its own has a small but significant effect on morbidity although it does not lead to the achievement of the morbidity target (<2% moderate-to-high intensity infections) in this age group. However, depending on the age-intensity profile of infection, which may vary geographically, and assumptions on the density-dependence of egg production by fertilised female worms, continued school-based treatment may be able to reduce the force of infection acting on WRA, both through an indirect effect on the overall population based force of infection and via reducing the burden of infection as children age and move into the WRA age classes. As a result, morbidity in WRA may be eliminated.Conclusion: While deworming during pregnancy and lactation does not lead to the achievement of the morbidity target in WRA and its efficacy may vary by setting, it is still expected to be beneficial for maternity and child health. Monitoring of any WRA-based intervention is recommended to evaluate its effectiveness.
Growth in ataxia telangiectasia
Authors: Natale Valerie , Cole Tim J , Rothblum-Oviatt Cynthia , Wright Jennifer , Crawford Thomas , Lefton-Greif Maureen , McGrath-Morrow Sharon , Schlechter Haley , Lederman Howard M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a DNA repair disorder that affects multiple body systems. Neurological problems and immunodeficiency are two important features of this syndrome. At this time, two main severity groups are defined in A-T: classic (the more severe form) and mild. Poor growth is a common problem in classic A-T. An objective of this study was to develop growth references for classic A-T. Another objective was to compare growth patterns in classic A-T and mild A-T with each other and with the general population, using the CDC growth references. A final objective was to examine the effects of chronic infection on height. Results We found that classic A-T patients were smaller overall, and suffered from height and weight faltering that continued throughout childhood and adolescence. When compared to the CDC growth references, the median heights and weights for both male and female patients eventually fell to or below the 3rd centile on the CDC charts. Height faltering was more pronounced in females. Birthweight was lower in the classic A-T group compared to mild A-T and the general population, whereas birth length was not. Finally, we investigated height and BMI faltering in relation to number of infections and found no association. Conclusions Classic A-T appears to affect growth in utero. Although children appear to grow well in very early life, faltering begins early and is unrelenting.
COVID-19 Health Communication Networks on Twitter: Identifying Sources, Disseminators, and Brokers
Authors: Kim Ian , Valente Thomas W. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19)’s devastating effects on the physical and mental health of the public are unlike previous medical crises, in part because of people’s collective access to communication technologies. Unfortunately, a clear understanding of the diffusion of health information on social media is lacking, which has a potentially negative impact on the effectiveness of emergency communication. This study applied social network analysis approaches to examine patterns of #COVID19 information flow on Twitter. A total of 1,404,496 publicly available tweets from 946,940 U.S. users were retrieved and analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the structures of retweet and mention networks and identification of influential users: information sources, disseminators, and brokers. Overall, COVID-19 information was not transmitted efficiently. Findings pointed to the importance of fostering connections between clusters to promote the diffusion in both networks. Lots of localized clusters limited the spread of timely information, causing difficulty in establishing any momentum in shaping urgent public actions. Rather than health and communication professionals, there was dominant involvement of non-professional users responsible for major COVID-19 information generation and dissemination, suggesting a lack of credibility and accuracy in the information. Inadequate influence of health officials and government agencies in brokering information contributed to concerns about the spread of dis/misinformation to the public. Significant differences in the type of influential users existed across roles and across networks. Conceptual and practical implications for emergency communication strategies are discussed.
Prediction of Nitration Sites Based on FCBF Method and Stacking Ensemble Model
Authors: Liu Min , Zhang Lu , Qin Xinyi , Huang Tao , Xu Ziwei , Liu Guangzhong 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Nitration is an important Post-Translational Modification (PTM) occurring
on the tyrosine residues of proteins. The occurrence of protein tyrosine nitration under disease
conditions is inevitable and represents a shift from the signal transducing physiological actions of -
NO to oxidative and potentially pathogenic pathways. Abnormal protein nitration modification can
lead to serious human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, acute respiratory distress, organ
transplant rejection and lung cancer.

Objective:
It is necessary and important to identify the nitration sites in protein sequences. Predicting
which tyrosine residues in the protein sequence are nitrated and which are not is of great significance
for the study of nitration mechanism and related diseases.

Methods:
In this study, a prediction model of nitration sites based on the over-under sampling strategy
and the FCBF method was proposed by stacking ensemble learning and fusing multiple features.
Firstly, the protein sequence sample was encoded by 2701-dimensional fusion features
(PseAAC, PSSM, AAIndex, CKSAAP, Disorder). Secondly, the ranked feature set was generated
by the FCBF method according to the symmetric uncertainty metric. Thirdly, in the process of model
training, the over- and under- sampling technique was used to tackle the imbalanced dataset. Finally,
the Incremental Feature Selection (IFS) method was adopted to extract an optimal classifier
based on 10-fold cross-validation.

Results and Conclusion:
Results show that the model has significant performance advantages in indicators
such as MCC, Recall and F1-score, no matter in what way the comparison was conducted
with other classifiers on the independent test set, or made by cross-validation with single-type feature
or with fusion-features on the training set. By integrating the FCBF feature ranking methods,
over- and under- sampling technique and a stacking model composed of multiple base classifiers,
an effective prediction model for nitration PTM sites was built, which can achieve a better recall
rate when the ratio of positive and negative samples is highly imbalanced.
Recent Development in Indole Derivatives as Anticancer Agent: A Mechanistic Approach
Authors: Devi Neha , Kaur Kamalpreet , Biharee Avadh , Jaitak Vikas 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Cancer accounts for several deaths each year. There are multiple FDA approved drugs for cancer treatments. Due to the severe side effects and multiple drug resistance, the current drug therapies become ineffective. So, the newer moieties with fewer toxic effects are necessary for the development.

Objective:
The mechanism of indole derivatives as anti-cancer agents with their major target is explored in detail
in this article.

Methods:
Recent advances and mechanism of indole derivatives as anti-cancer agents are reviewed. This review suggests a detailed explanation of multiple mechanisms of action of various indole derivatives: cell cycle arrest, aromatase inhibitor estrogen receptor regulator, tubulin inhibitor, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, topoisomerase inhibitors, NFkB/PI3/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors, through which these derivatives have shown promising anti-cancer potential.

Results:
A full literature review showed that the indole derivatives are associated with the properties of inducing apoptosis, aromatase inhibition, regulation of estrogen receptor and inhibition of tyrosine kinase, tubulin assembly, NFkB/PI3/Akt/mTOR pathway, and HDACs. These derivatives have shown significant activity against cancer cell lines.

Conclusion:
Indole derivatives seem to be important in cancer via acting through various mechanisms. This review has shown that the indole derivatives can further be explored for the betterment of cancer treatment, and to discover the hidden potential of indole derivatives.
Synergistic Interactions between GW8510 and Gemcitabine in an In Vitro Model of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Rüstem Duygu Gençalp , Atay Sevcan , Aydin Hikmet Hakan , Ak Handan 
Published: January 2021

Background:
One of the main reasons for the poor survival rates of pancreatic cancer patients is the
development of gemcitabine resistance, indicating that novel treatment strategies that have the ability to improve
gemcitabine sensitivity are in need to combat this devastating disease.

Methods:
TCGA PAAD data was used to determine the clinicopathological significance of high RRM2 (Ribonucleotide
reductase subunit M2) expression for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The effects of
GW8510 and gemcitabine on PANC-1 cell viability were determined using WST-8 assay. The potential synergistic
interaction between GW8510 and gemcitabine was evaluated by the Combination Index (CI) analysis.
The effects of GW8510 treatment on apoptosis, cell cycle, and cell migration, either in combination with gemcitabine
or alone, were investigated. The effect of GW8510 on RRM2 protein levels was evaluated using ELISA
assay.

Results:
RRM2 is significantly over-expressed in PDAC compared to healthy pancreatic tissues (p <0.0001).
RRM2 mRNA expression was found to be significantly correlated with the overall survival rate of patients
(HR=2.17 [1.44-3.27], p=0.00016) and the pathological stages of the disease (p=0.0054). GW8510 significantly
decreased the RRM2 protein levels compared to the control. Cell viability analysis showed that GW8510 has
a similar effect to gemcitabine in inhibiting PANC-1 cell viability. GW8510 was found to synergize with gemcitabine
to inhibit PANC-1 cell viability and migration. However, the effects of GW8510 on PANC-1 cells
could not be explained by induction of apoptosis or cell cycle arrest.

Conclusion:
Targeting RRM2 using GW8510 may have the potential to increase gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic
cancer.
Influence of Heterogeneity, Typology, and Contaminants of Recycled Aggregates on the Properties of Concrete
Authors: da Silva Neto Gilberto A. , de Oliveira João P. V. , Salles Pedro V. , de Vasconcelos Barros Raphael T. , Paulino Maria T. , dos Santos White J. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
The depletion of raw material resources, the preservation of the environment, and the need to compensate economic imbalances drive research efforts regarding the application of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) in concretes.

Objective:
This paper aimed to assess the influence of the heterogeneity, typology, and presence of contaminants of CDW (collected in different seasons and locations) on the mechanical properties and durability of concretes.

Methods:
Characterization procedures were performed for the aggregates (visual quantification and physical properties of the constituents), and for the concretes (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength test, modulus of elasticity, water absorption, porosity, electrical resistivity, carbonation depth, and digital microscopy). The replacement rate of natural aggregate for CDWA was of 20% in three different particle sizes: sand, gravel 0, and gravel 1.

Results:
The characteristics of the samples of CDW were very variable, influenced by the season and location of collection. The presence of materials with elevated porosity (ceramics, mortars) was observed in some samples and required increases in mixing water volume to keep the concretes’ consistency. A wide variation in mechanical properties caused by the CDWA constituents was also observed. Regarding the durability of the concretes, it was proven the greatest sensibility of this property to contaminants, thus requiring the removal of deleterious materials to using CDWA in structural concretes in order to avoid the formation of vesicles and guaranteeing their life span.

Conclusion:
The heterogeneity, typology and contaminant content significantly influence the analyzed properties. Besides, the segregation of waste at source makes the use of CDWA feasible in concretes.
Speciation and Infrageneric Classification in the Planktonic Dinoflagellate Tripos (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae)
Authors: Gómez Fernando 
Published: January 2021

Background::
The genus Tripos, formerly known as marine species of Ceratium, is the
dinoflagellate with the greatest number of species and infraspecific taxa (~800) due to the high
morphological intraspecific variability of numerous species. In the past, the species of Tripos were
proposed into distinct genera.

Objective::
To propose an infrageneric classification and to review the taxonomy and nomenclature
of each taxon in order to establish the correct species and synonymy.

Method::
Observations from the Mediterranean Sea, and Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, a review of
the original descriptions and further literature, and the available molecular data.

Results::
A re-instatement of this generic split is not justified due to the difficulties to circumscribe
the basal subgenera Amphiceratium and Archaeceratium, and the polyphyletic character of Biceratium.
The subgenus Amphiceratium is dismembered after the classification of the sections Inflata
and partially Fusiformia into Archaeceratium. The subgenus Tripos (autonym) replaces other
names such as Tripoceratium or Orthoceratium. Based on the original descriptions, the records of
T. furca and T. lineatus correspond to T. eugrammus and T. furca, respectively, and T. macroceros
has been reported as T. contrarius. The names T. belone and T. carriensis have been misapplied for
T. pacificus and T. volans, respectively. Tripos arcuatus, T. gracilis, T. inclinatus, T. scapiformis
and T. subcontortus are revived to replace T. euarcuatus, T. declinatus, T. horridus, T. longirostrum
and T. contortus, respectively. The species T. ramakrishnae and T. fusus var. schuettii were
described from individuals infected by endoparasites. Tripos rotundatus comb. nov. is proposed for
C. digitatum var. rotundatum.

Conclusion::
Tripos is restricted to 57 correct species, although the speciation and synonymy are
incomplete due to lack of studies in the life cycle and molecular data.
Persepsi Masyarakat terhadap Kandungan Alkohol Pada Kosmetik
Authors: Nurkhasanah Nurkhasanah , Nurul Amalya , Albab Farah Qistih 
Published: January 2021

Perception is an individual response about something that can be influenced by knowledge. Good individual knowledge of alcohol will affect their perception of alcohol-containing product. The MUI fatwa permits the use of alcohol in cosmetics. The purpose of this study was to observe the perception of alcohol content in cosmetics. The observation was carried out using a questionnaire technique with a nonprobability sampling technique with accidental sampling. The questionnaire was conducted by Pearson correlation test, validity test, reliability test, normality test, chi-square test, and description. In this study, using 98 respondents and get an average value of knowledge about cosmetics 6,73 with SD value of 0,49; knowledge of alcohol 4,54 with SD 1,17 and behavior with SD 1,46. There is a relationship between age with the level of cosmetic knowledge with p-value <0.05. As many as 46.94% stated, the halal label's urgency on cosmetics is very important and 39.80% is important, where the religion of the individual influences the urgency level of cosmetics halal. The urgency of halal labels on cosmetics is high in line with the behavior when buying cosmetics. The 81.63% of respondents stated that halal labels on cosmetic products affect the interest in buying cosmetics. As many as 61.24% of respondents have the perception that halal cosmetics do not contain alcohol. The Pearson halal label correlation test confirms this obtained a p-value value of 0.024 that the halal label influences respondents' perceptions. Individuals were having a perception that cosmetics with halal labels do not contain alcohol, which is influenced by halal labels' knowledge.
In-vitro and In-vivo Determinations of Sun Protection Factors (SPF) of Skin Lotions Containing Mountain Papaya Fruit and Mangosteen Peel Ethanolic Extract
Authors: Sasongko Heru , Advaita Natasya , Lestari Ratih Guswinda , Aidid Karimah Umar 
Published: January 2021

Indonesia is a high sun exposure country. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) causes various kinds of skin disorders such as erythema, sunburn, aging, and cancer. Mountain papaya fruit (Vasconcellea pubescens A.DC.) and mangosteen peel (Garcinia mangostana L.) contains metabolite compounds that can protect the skin from sunlight because of its antioxidants activity. The purpose of this study to determine whether the combination of the mountain papaya fruit and mangosteen peel extracts in skin lotion can be used as sun protectors through the in-vitro and in-vivo study. The experiment was done by extracting the mountain papaya fruit and mangosteen peel through the maceration method. The extracts were formulated into skin lotion in three different formulas with the ratio of mountain papaya fruit extract: mangosteen peel extract as follows F1(1:1), F2(1:3), and F3(3:1). In vitro test was done by using UV-VIS spectrophotometry to determine the SPF value and in vivo test was used erythema-induced rats by exotera beam light. The result of in vitro test gained a high enough SPF value for all three formulas F1=23,23; F2=21,70 and F3=28,64 and the result of in vivo test showed that all three formulas did not indicate the existence of erythema value. It can be concluded that three skin lotion formulas containing mountain papaya fruit and mangosteen peel ethanol extract have the effect of sun protection.
Effect of Swiftlet’s (Collocalia Fuciphago) Nest Extract on the Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Superoxyde Dismutase (SOD) Activity on Hyperglycemic Rattus Norvegicius
Authors: Alexandra Francisca Diana , Frethernety Agnes , Trinovita Elsa , Triawanti Triawanti 
Published: January 2021

Hyperglycemia that occurs in diabetic Mellitus leads to glycation reactions in protein molecules and oxidative stress resulting in damage to cells and organs. Swiftlet’s nest believed society could lower blood glucose. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Swiftlet’s nest (Collocalia fuciphago) extract on glucose level, Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity in blood serum. The study used Posttest-Only with Control Group Design, consisting of 1 control group (given aqua dest) and 3 treatment groups (dose 1; 10 and 100 mg/kg BW). Each group consisted of 6 Rattus norvegicius. Before being treated, Streptozotocin-induced rat at a dose of 68 mg/kg BW intraperitoneal. On the 7th day after induction, rats had elevated glucose ± 102 - 108 mg/dL. Then the rats were given water extract Swiftlet’s nest for 28 days orally. All data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Mann-Whitney test, with a 95% confidence level. The results of blood glucose levels in each group (K, P1, P2 and P3) were 111.0 vs 88.5 vs 86 vs 83 mg / dL (p = 0.035), MDA levels experienced an increase in the treatment group compared to controls namely 193.50 vs 193.83 vs. 198.50 nmol / mL, p = 0.001. While the SOD enzyme activity has increased, namely 0.0050 vs. 0.0075 vs. 0.0263%. In conclusion, Swiftlet’s nest water extract can reduce blood glucose levels and increase MDA levels and SOD enzyme activity in blood serum.
ARS y sistemas sociales: enfoques interdisciplinarios para el análisis de la estructura social
Authors: Oliva Miguel , Chuchco Nicolás Vladimir 
Published: January 2021

<p>El presente ensayo se enfoca en identificar posibles aportes del análisis de redes sociales (ARS) al análisis de la estructura social. Se examina la potencial contribución de las perspectivas reticulares para delimitar una estructura social y describir su evolución. Para ello se abordan conceptos de Luhmann (y sus intercambios con la teoría de los sistemas de acción social de Parsons) desde la perspectiva sistémica, y de la teoría de estructuración social de Giddens. No se incluye el abordaje de la estructura social desde la teoría marxista en este ensayo, dado que ello implicaría una revisión teórica exhaustiva que excede su objetivo. Se exponen algunas ventajas de la noción de “redes sociales” para el estudio de la estructura social en forma complementaria al uso de las técnicas atributivas clásicas de la sociología empírica moderna. Para este desafío se proponen indicadores, métricas, modelos de redes aleatorias y topologías ARS. Se considera que el abordaje empírico y el teórico permiten un <em>corpus </em>integrado para la conceptualización y la investigación de la estructura social. La aplicación del <em>network thinking</em> para examinar la estructura social resulta en cierta forma original, pues es un enfoque que se ha utilizado más frecuentemente para analizar la dinámica de ciertos agentes o grupos dentro de la sociedad.<strong></strong></p>Se concluye que la confluencia del ARS con algunas nociones teóricas de la teoría de sistemas sociales es útil para el análisis de la estructura social, conceptualizada como patrones dinámicos de intercambios reales y potenciales entre individuos humanos en formato de redes.