bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GÃ©omorphologie Dynamique: Analyse SystÃ©mique De La Morphodynamique Hydrique Continentale Par Ravinement
Authors: Sow Seydou Alassane 
Published: June 2020

Lâ€™histoire de la gÃ©omorphologie a connu une grande rÃ©volution paradigmatique avec les travaux de WiliamMoris Davis. Il a dÃ©fini le systÃ¨me gÃ©omorphologique comme lâ€™ensemble de toutes les formes de la surface de la terre subissant des transformations et Ã©tant la fonction des trois variantes : structure, processus et temps. Cependant, le positionnement dâ€™emblÃ©e des rÃ©flexions gÃ©omorphologiques dans lâ€™analyse systÃ©mique conduit Ã Ã©largir les problÃ©matiques du champ disciplinaire de cette science. Dans le cas de la gÃ©omorphologie dynamique, ce type dâ€™analyse conduit Ã concevoir des recherches intÃ©grÃ©es au sein des bassins versants afin de mieux mettre en lumiÃ¨re certains processus morphodynamiques. En lâ€™absence de zone dâ€™Ã©tude prÃ©cise, lâ€™Ã©tude est basÃ©e sur un balayage des connaissances bibliographiques Ã travers le domaine continental dans sa globalitÃ©. Ainsi, lâ€™article montre que lâ€™analyse systÃ©mique demeure une approche efficace pour lire en intÃ©gralitÃ© le fonctionnement des processus morpodynamiques hydriques continentales en gÃ©omorphologie, en particulier le ravinement. La caractÃ©risation du ravinement sur un bassin versant grÃ¢ce Ã lâ€™analyse systÃ©mique doit se fonder sur trois caractÃ©ristiques essentielles : hydrologique, morphogÃ©nique et anthropique. Chaque critÃ¨re correspondant Ã lâ€™une des notions gÃ©ographiques fondamentales : Temps, Espace et SociÃ©tÃ©.
The history of geomorphology has undergone a great paradigmatic revolution with the work of Wiliam Moris Davis. He defined the geomorphological system as the set of all forms of the earthâ€™s surface undergoing transformation and being the function of three variants: structure, process and time. However, the immediate positioning of geomorphological reflections in systemic analysis leads to widening the problems of the disciplinary field of this science. In the case of dynamic geomorphology, this type of analysis leads to the design of integrated research within watersheds in order to better highlight certain morphodynamic processes. In the absence of a precise study area, the study is based on a sweeping of bibliographic knowledge across the continental domain as a whole. Thus, the article shows that systemic analysis remains an effective approach to fully read the functioning of continental water morphological processes in geomorphology, in particular gullying. The characterization of gullying on a watershed using systemic analysis must be based on three essential characteristics: hydrological, morphogenic and anthropogenic. Each criterion corresponding to one of the fundamental geographic concepts: Time, Space and Society.
Coronavirus Disease 2019: Clinical Review
Authors: Gouveia Cristina Carvalho , Campos Luís 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: In December 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus occurred in Wuhan, the capital of Central China’s Hubei Province and has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization since January 2020.Material and Methods: A comprehensive search using the PubMed database was carried out to summarize the latest published information about the epidemiology, definition, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, treatment options, prognosis and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019.Discussion: This new strain of coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, enters human cells that express angiotensin-converting enzyme II receptors, which exist in the respiratory, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts and heart, causing coronavirus disease. Transmission occurs essentially through the respiratory tract and the main symptoms are fever, cough and dyspnea. Diagnosis is based on epidemiological, clinical and imaging features and confirmed by nucleic acid testing.Conclusion: Despite intensive research, the exact origin of the virus and pathophysiology of coronavirus disease is not yet completely known, and clinically approved vaccines and drugs that target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are lacking.
Flexible Intramedullary Nailing in High-Energy Tibial Fractures With Extensive Soft-Tissue Loss
Authors: Hwang Jung-Mo , Kang Chan , Hwang Deuk-Soo , Lee Gi-Soo , Lee Jeong-Kil , An Byung-Kuk 
Published: June 2020

Case Report:
An 83-year-old woman presented with a high-energy tibial fracture. We treated her with temporary external fixation and delayed flexible intramedullary nailing because of extensive soft-tissue damage and interference from the hardware retained from a previous total knee arthroplasty.

Conclusions:
In our opinion, flexible intramedullary nailing is an effective procedure and provides good functional and radiological results in high-energy tibial fractures with extensive soft-tissue loss.
Incidence of Osteomyelitis in Sacral Decubitus Ulcers and Recommendations for Management
Authors: Crespo Alexander , Stevens Nicole M. , Chiu Ernest , Pham Vinh , Leucht Philipp 
Published: June 2020

» Stage-4 pressure ulcers are defined as ulcerations that violate the fascia and expose underlying bone, muscle, and tendon.» Exposed bone is always colonized by bacteria, but this does not necessarily lead to osteomyelitis.» The rates of osteomyelitis in exposed bone in stage-4 pressure ulcers range from 14% to 86%.» There has been no evidence that the presence of osteomyelitis leads to higher complication rates following flap coverage.» There has been no evidence that bone biopsy and preoperative treatment of osteomyelitis have any benefit before flap coverage.
Coupling Microfluidics Data with Core Flooding Experiments to Understand Sulphonated/Polymer Water Injection
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Hincapie Rafael E. , Langanke Nils , Ganzer Leonhard 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The injection of Sulphonated-smart water (SW) could be an attractive application as it results in the formation of a mechanically rigid oil-water interface, and hence possible higher oil recovery in combination with the polymer. Therefore, detailed experimental investigation and fluid flow analysis through porous media are required to understand the possible recovery mechanisms. This paper evaluates the potential influence of Sulphonated/Polymer water injection in oil recovery by coupling microfluidics and core flooding experiments.
The possible mechanisms are evaluated utilizing a combination of experiments and fluids. Initially, synthetic seawater (SSW) and Sulphonated-Smart water (SW) were optimized to be used in combination with a viscoelastic HPAM polymer. Fluid characterization was achieved by detailed rheological characterization focusing on steady shear and in-situ viscosity. Moreover, single and two-phase core floods and micromodels experiments helped to define the behavior of different fluids. The data obtained was cross-analyzed to draw conclusions on the process effect and performance. First, Sulphonated/polymer water solutions showed a slight decrease in the polymer shear viscosity as compared to the SSW-polymer. Similar behavior was also confirmed in the single-phase core flood-through the differential pressure, looking at the in-situ viscosity. Second, on the one hand, smart water produced only ~3% additional oil recovery as compare to the SSW through micromodel due to improved interfacial viscoelasticity, where no local wettability alteration was observed in the porous media. On the other hand, core flood experiments using SW led to ~12% additional oil as compare to SSW. This excessive extra recovery in core flood compare to micromodel could be due to the combined effect of interfacial viscoelasticity and wettability alteration. Micromodel is coat with a hydrophobic chemical; hence, wettability becomes hard to be altered through SW while in the core flood it is dominated with ionic exchange (local wettability alteration). Finally, a combination of SW with polymer flood can lead to ~6% extra oil as compare to the combination of polymer flood with SSW. Overall, coupling microfluidics with core flooding experiments confirmed that IFV and wettability alteration both are the key recovery mechanisms for SW.
The evaluation confirmed that the main recovery mechanisms of smart-water injection are interfacial viscoelasticity and wettability alteration. Furthermore, it confirmed that the combination of SW with polymer flood could sweep the reservoir efficiently resulting in higher oil recovery. This topic has been addressed in the literature with mixed results encountered.
Methane Hydrate Formation, Storage and Dissociation Behavior in Unconsolidated Sediments in the Presence of Environment-Friendly Promoters
Authors: Pandey Jyoti Shanker , Daas Yousef Jouljamal , von Solms Nicolas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Methane hydrate in the porous medium is formed within the pores of the sediments. The presence of a porous medium enhanced the heat transfer, whereas the presence of a hydrate promoter could enhance the mass transfer between the liquid-gas interface. In this study, we have studied the effect of sediment particle size and type of promoter on the kinetics of the methane hydrate formation and dissociation in the combined system. Environment-friendly amino acids (L-valine, L-methionine & L-histidine) and surfactant Sodium dodecyl sulfate are used as a promoter with four different particle sizes (46.4-245 μm, 160-630μm, 480-1800μm, 1400-5000μm) silica sand. Isothermal experiments are carried out using 3000 ppm promoter concentration at 100 bar, 274.15°C using the rocking cell to investigate the induction time, gas uptake, hydrate saturation. Temperature is further lowered to 266.15K to investigate the dissociation behavior of methane hydrate to study the self-preservation effect in the combined system.
The experimental results show that induction time in the combined system decreases as a sediment particle size decreases. Gas uptake remained unchanged in the combined system by changing the sediment particle size. We also report similar formation kinetics of hydrophobic amino acids (L-valine, L- methionine) and SDS at four particle sizes. At similar hydrate saturation, SDS has displayed weaker self- preservation effects compare to a hydrophilic amino acid in the porous medium.
Results in this study, support the conclusion available through other studies at lower concentration (500 ppm) of SDS and provide additional information about formation behavior at higher concentration (3000 ppm) of SDS. Results collected in this research could be beneficial in the selection of environmentally friendly chemicals for rapid methane hydrate formation in sediments to be used either in laboratory studies or for natural gas storage and transportation.
Investigation of the Ionic Interactions of Using Nanoparticles in Waterflooding
Authors: Omran Mohamed , Omran Hend , Torsaeter Ole 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Nanotechnology is one of the modern techniques that can be used for enhancing the oil recovery. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is mainly used after oil production declination by chemically altering the injection water. However, it is very important to have an environmentally friendly method to enhance oil recovery. A possible method is to use nanofluids that include nanosilica-polymer (NFs) which contain mainly sandstone ingredients.
This research is mainly an experimental investigation of the usage of several nanofluids with silica particles for enhanced oil recovery. Nanofluid injection is performed in core plugs and the oil recovery is compared with the oil recovery obtained with synthetic sea water (SSW) injection. Both nanofluid and SSW are injected in secondary mode. Five cleaned and dried Berea sandstone cores were used in the core flooding experiments. First, secondary recovery was applied on all cores by SSW injection. Then the cores were re-cleaned and re-dryed to be prepared for the secondary recovery by using 4 different types of nanofluids with the same concentration of 0.1 wt% as NFs.
In this research, it was important to use exactly the same rock in both the SSW and nanofluid flooding to avoid any effect of pore structure on the oil recovery. The research showed that the best nanofluid contained nanoparticles of silica-alumina. This nanofluid gave the highest oil recovery and altered the wettability from water wet to strongly water wet due to the ionic interactions. The ultimate oil recovery was increased to 10.4% of OOIP (original oil in place) compared to SSW injection. In addition to investigating the quantitative effect of the use of several nanofluids with different nanoparticles sizes and surface modifications on oil recovery we also applied Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to study pore blockage, log jamming, and emulsions between NFs and crude oil.
Accounting for Particle Size Distribution in Hydraulic Fracturing Modeling Improves Simulation Accuracy
Authors: Semin Leonid , Belyakova Ludmila , Isayev Vadim , Velikanov Ivan , Bannikov Denis , Tikhonov Alexey , Idimeshev Semen , Kovalevsky Oleg , Oussoltsev Dmitry 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We introduced fracture hydrodynamics and in-situ kinetics model capable of simulating particle size distribution of propping agent. We demonstrated on several cases that accounting for particle size distribution in numerical simulation of hydraulic fracturing results in a noticeable difference of predicted fracture geometry and conductivity, as compared to the modeling approach where propping agent is represented by one effective mean diameter.
Stress Mechanism of Microseismic Events During Hydraulic Fracture Stimulation for Unconventional Hydrocarbon Reservoirs
Authors: Kaka SanLinn 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
I have processed a total of nine thousand microseismic events to investigate the stochastic process of the stress mechanism as well as frequency-magnitude relation between microseismic, volcanic and intraplate events. The processed data was composed of all available three components data with magnitude range from 0.4 &lt;M&lt; 6.5 extracted from the Incorporated Research Institution of Seismology (IRIS) and from a producing resevoir in the Middle East with magnitude range from -2.3 &lt;M&lt; -0.5. Seismic b-values are estimated using the maximum likelihood method (Aki, 1965) while the stress drops are derived from Brune’s source model (Brune, 1970). Volcanic and intraplate regions were selected in order to understand the fracture mechanism between the two regions with the hope to further correlate with the recorded microseismic events in the hydrocarbon reservoir. The results show that b values and stress drop for the volcanic region are lower than those of the intraplate region, while b-values for microseismic events are the highest. The results also show strong dependency with seismic moment and corner frequency values from each regions. From all the results, this study provides a better understanding and some possible features to distinguish microseismic events during hydraulic stimulation.
Semi-Quantitative Assessment of Seismic Hazard in Geothermal Reservoirs
Authors: Poessé Jorik W. , van den Hoek Paul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A new methodology for a "Level 2" Seismic Hazard Assessment has been developed for a geothermal project. Geomechanical models were created to understand the thermo-mechanical effects in the lifetime of a specific geothermal operation. Two types of geomechanical models are used, a 3-D Mohr-Coulomb model using both a deterministic and a probabilistic methodology, and a 2-D elastoplastic finite element model, simulating the lifetime and the associated mechanical changes caused by the geothermal operation. The simulated results show that, under maximum production conditions, there is a &lt;1% likelihood of induced seismicity. Using published correlations, the movement along a fault is used to calculate the maximum magnitude of the unlikely seismicity, projected to be the order of 1.5 to 2 Mw. As a mitigation method, a Traffic Light System is proposed. This allows the geothermal operation to continue while staying within the expected safety margins.
Heterogeneity Effects on Low Salinity Water Flooding
Authors: Al-Ibadi Hasan , Stephen Karl , Mackay Eric 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We investigate the effect of heterogeneous petrophysical properties on Low Salinity Water Flooding (LSWF). We considered reservoir scale models, where the geological properties were obtained from a giant Middle East carbonate reservoir. The results are compared against a typical sandstone model.
We simulated low salinity induced wettability changes in field scale models in which the petrophysical properties were randomly distributed with spatial correlation. We examined a wide range of geological realisations which mimic complex geological structures. Sandstone was simulated using a log-linear porosity-permeability relation with fairly good correlation. A carbonate reservoir from the Middle East was simulated where a much less correlated porosity permeability relationship was obtained. The salinity of formation water was set to typically observed values for the sandstone and carbonate cases. A number of simulations were then carried out to assess the flow behaviour.
We have found that the general trend of permeability-porosity correlation has a key role that could mitigate or aggravate the impact of spatial distributions of petrophysical properties. We considered models with a log-linear permeability-porosity correlation, as generally observed for sandstone reservoirs. These are likely to be directly affected by the spatial distribution more than models with a power permeability-porosity correlation, which is often reported for flow units of carbonate reservoirs. The scatter of data in the permeability-porosity correlations had a relatively small impact on the flow performance. On the other hand, the effect of heterogeneity decreases with the width of the effective salinity range. Thus, uncertainty in carbonate reservoirs arises due to the ambiguity of spatial distribution of permeability and porosity would be less affects the LSWF predictability than in sandstone case. Overall, the incremental oil recovery due to LSWF was higher in the carbonate models than the sandstone cases. We observe from uncertainty analysis that the formation waterfront was less fingered than the low salinity waterfront and the salinity concentration. The dispersivity of salinity front and the water cut can be estimated for models with various degrees of heterogeneity.
The outcome of the study is a better understanding of the implications of heterogeneity on LSWF. In some cases the behaviour can appear like a waterflood in very heterogeneous cases. It is important to assess the reservoir effectively to determine the best business decision.
Understanding the Spatial Relationships that Trigger Movements in Regulatory Frameworks Through Time
Authors: Moridis Nefeli , Lee W. John , Sim Wayne , Blasingame Thomas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The first objective of this work is to determine the volume of hydrocarbon that can be moved from Resources other than Reserves (ROTR) to Reserves, or from Proved Undeveloped Reserves (PUD) to Reserves based on well placement. The second objective is to create a model that incorporates the production history and forecasted estimated ultimate recovery (EUR), in this case by implementing multi-segment decline curve analysis (DCA) as presented in URTeC 336 (Moridis et al.(2), 2019). To perform this analysis, we selected 38 wells from a Permian Basin dataset available to Texas A&M University.
The first portion of this work involves running a sensitivity analysis to determine the spatial well relationships that may trigger movements in certain regulatory frameworks. A successful well may promote the offsetting 2P wells to PUD wells. We incorporate the methodology in SPEE Monograph 3 (2013) for estimating PUD volumes beyond immediate offset locations that can be used to estimate the Reserves and possibly Contingent Resources in some situations. The question we aim to answer is: How do we move the PUDs to proved developed producing (PDP) Reserves?
In the second part of this work, we create a model which includes the production history and the forecasted EURs. As time moves forward, continuity and consistency must be maintained across the model. Assume the following scenario: we plan to move a volume "x" from 1C Contingent Resources to1P Reserves, but we can only book 0.7 x as 1P Reserves. The model must reflect the fraction of the volume x that was actually moved and how it depends on, for example, commodity price contingencies. The remaining 0.3 x volume that was not classified as Reserves must be accounted in the model. The continuity of the model through time will track the volumes, and it needs to be able to do so consistently.
Improving Reservoir Development by Integrating Reservoir Navigation Interpretations into Sub-Surface 3D Models
Authors: Austin Simon , Wang Xuandong , Ferreira Enrico , Vetsak Alex 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Reservoir navigation, often referred to as geosteering, is commonly used to optimize the placement of highly deviated wells. This technology has contributed significantly to the prolongation and economic well-being of mature hydrocarbon provinces around the world and been a major enabler for the commercial success of unconventional reservoirs.
The reservoir information and analysis obtained during reservoir navigation is extensive and very valuable, yet is known to sometimes remain unused. Part of the reason is the complexity of reservoir navigation data and the limitations that many geosteering software applications cannot integrate the information provided from this data to update seismic-based 3D models.
This paper demonstrates a fast and effective method of utilizing spatial reservoir navigation information to improve the three-dimensional understanding of producing reservoirs. Reservoir navigation interpretations from one or more wells can be used as inputs. The results include updated structure maps, refined gross rock volume (eg shale volume in unconventional reservoirs), updated values for porosity and water saturation and ultimately a revised volumetrics calculation. The results can be compared with calculations from other methods such as material balance and decline curves. Analyzing conflicting field data and reconciling them creates opportunities for improved drilling opportunities and better reservoir development. Datasets used in the paper show some specific examples of how the 3D workflows lead to better field developments with enhanced drilling operations and improving recovery factors.
In the future, significant technical developments are expected in the type and complexity of reservoir navigation data originating from logging while drilling (LWD) tools. These data types will easily be included in the new 3D workflows without introducing undue complexity.
Integrating reservoir navigation interpretations into sub-surface 3D models can be of benefit for real time drilling operations and also for field studies. The method uses a 3D workflow that can be completed easily and is fast enough to update models in real time. It is therefore useful for the purposes of improving architectural and geomorphological understanding of an area larger in scale than just the immediate active well. This creates an information rich environment with insightful information during geosteering real time jobs for better decisions. Additionally, the analysis method can be performed as a field study. This more comprehensive approach allows integration with other information after drilling operations have ceased to improve resource recovery and pick better future drilling targets.