bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventing adverse reactions in pediatric transfusions using washed platelet concentrate
Authors: Yanagisawa Ryu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBlood transfusion is an important form of supportive care in children; however, transfusion‐associated adverse reactions (TARs) are a problem. As with adults, allergic transfusion reactions (ATRs) and febrile non‐hemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTRs) are major TARs, and the frequency of ATRs caused by platelet concentrate (PC) tends to be particularly high. The plasma component of the blood product is thought to be a major factor in the onset of TARs such as ATR and FNHTR. By contrast, in children, age, underlying disease, and number of blood transfusions may be relevant patient‐related factors. Although acetaminophen or diphenhydramine may be used prophylactically to prevent TARs, there is no clear evidence of their effectiveness. Volume‐reduced PC is used to prevent TARs; however, it may be difficult to maintain the quality of platelets. Plasma‐replaced PC stored with platelet additive solution raises the concern that TARs cannot be completely prevented by residual plasma. Washed PC removes most of the plasma, so it can effectively prevent ATR and FNHTR. The recent development of platelet additive solution [M‐sol, bicarbonate Ringer’s solution supplemented with acid‐citrate‐dextrose formula A (BRS‐A)]in Japan has enabled the maintenance of the quality of platelets for long periods. The clinical use of washed PC in Japan has therefore progressed. Washed PC with M‐sol or BRS‐A for pediatric patients can effectively prevent TARs without diminishing the transfusion effect. The supply of washed PC has begun from the Japanese Red Cross Society, and it has become possible to use washed PC at all medical institutions in Japan.
Is It Possible for Registered Nurses and Physicians to Combine Research and Clinical Work to Facilitate Evidence‐Based Practice?
Authors: Orton Marie‐Louise , Nilsen Per , Nelson Follin Nina , Dannapfel Petra 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundEvidence‐based patient care requires clinicians to make decisions based on the best available evidence and researchers to provide new scientific knowledge. Clinician‐scientists (i.e., registered nurses [RNs] and physicians with a PhD) make important contributions to health care; yet, their roles are not fully understood, supported, or recognized by healthcare leaders. Only a few studies have addressed the factors that enable RNs and physicians to simultaneously pursue both clinical work and research after earning a PhD.AimTo explore what factors have a bearing on the ability of RNs and physicians to pursue research and clinical work simultaneously after earning a PhD.MethodsThe study used a qualitative design based on open‐ended, in‐depth interviews. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis.ResultsAnalysis of the data yielded a broad range of factors that RNs and physicians perceived to either facilitate or hinder continued research while simultaneously undertaking clinical work. Most of the perceived barriers were due to factors external to the individual. Several factors applied to both professions yet differed in impact. Factors mentioned as fundamental to continued research were financial support and allocated time for research. Maintenance of a good relationship with academia and support from management were also considered to be important. In addition, personal factors, such as motivation to pursue a research career after obtaining a PhD, were influential.Linking Evidence to ActionA supportive infrastructure is important for enabling clinician‐scientists to pursue research after earning a PhD. Creating favorable conditions for RNs and physicians to combine research with clinical work can facilitate evidence‐based practice. This information can be used for interventions aimed at improving the conditions for clinician‐scientists.
Recuperator Performance Assessment in Humidified Micro Gas Turbine Applications Using Experimental Data Extended With Preliminary Support Vector Regression Model Analysis
Authors: De Paepe Ward , Pappa Alessio , Coppitters Diederik , Montero Carrero Marina , Tsirikoglou Panagiotis , Contino Francesco 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cycle humidification applied to micro gas turbines (mGTs) offers a solution to overcome their limited operational flexibility in terms of variable electrical and thermal power production when used in a combined heat and power (CHP) application. Although the positive impact of this cycle humidification on the performance has already been proven numerically and experimentally, very detailed modeling of the system performance remains challenging, especially the determination of the recuperator effectiveness, which has the highest impact on the final cycle performance. Indeed, the recuperator performance depends strongly on the mass flow rate of the air stream and its humidification level, two parameters that are difficult to measure accurately. Accurate modeling of the recuperator performance under both dry and humidified conditions is thus essential for correct assessment of the potential of humidified mGT cycles in decentralized energy systems (DESs). In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the recuperator performance under humidified conditions using averaged experimental data, extended with the application of a support vector regression (SVR) on a time series to improve noise-modeling of the output signal, and thus enhance the accuracy of the monitoring process. In a first step, the missing experimental parameters, air mass flow rate and humidity level, were obtained indirectly, using rotational speed, fuel flow rate, exhaust gas composition and pressure level measurements in combination with the compressor map. Despite the low accuracy, some general trends regarding the recuperator performance could be observed based on these experimental data, indicating that the recuperator, despite having an increased total exchanged heat flux, is actually too small to exploit the full potential of the humidification. In a second step, by means of the SVR model, a first attempt was made to improve the accuracy and reduce the scatter on the recuperator performance determination. The predicted results with the SVR indicated indeed a reduced scatter on the determinations of the air mass flow rate and the amount of introduced water, opening a pathway toward online recuperator performance prediction.
Experimental Study of the Dynamic Permeability in Two-Stage Gravel Packs Considering Particle Blockage and Remigration
Authors: Qi Minhui , Li Mingzhong , Guo Tiankui , Li Yuan , Li Yanchao , Gao Song 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The two-stage gravel-packing technique has been widely adopted in the development of unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs with high sanding rates and silt contents. Compared with the traditional gravel-packing operation, the lifespan and long-term conductivity of the two-stage gravel pack improve significantly. In the present study, an experimental study was undertaken to determine the dynamic permeability change of two-stage gravel packs during sand production. Thirty-nine groups of flooding tests were carried out with various experimental settings, and the pressure drop of each section (i.e., the sanding section, gravel bed I, and gravel bed II) was monitored dynamically during flooding. The permeability characteristics of each section were used to determine the mechanisms of sanding, pore blockage, and particle remigration under different packing arrangements. Using the proposed experimental setup, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to study the parameters that may affect the permeability of the sand pack, such as the two-stage gravel size, packing length, flooding rate, and silty sand content. Based on the observed permeability recovery phenomena in gravel bed I during the experiments, a dynamic permeability prediction model considering the remigration of deposited particles was proposed. Compared with the traditional deep-bed filtration model and the experimental results, the verification showed that the new model is more suitable for predicting the dynamic permeability of two-stage gravel packs.
Revisiting Theoretical Limits for One Degree-of-Freedom Wave Energy Converters
Authors: Tom Nathan M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This work revisits the theoretical limits of one degree-of-freedom wave energy converters (WECs). This work considers the floating sphere used in the OES Task 10 WEC modeling and verification effort for analysis. Analytical equations are derived to determine bounds on displacement amplitude, time-averaged power (TAP), and power-take-off (PTO) force. A unique result found shows that the TAP absorbed by a WEC can be defined solely by the inertial properties and radiation hydrodynamic coefficients. In addition, a unique expression for the PTO force was derived that provides lower and upper bounds when resistive control is used to maximize power generation. For complex conjugate control, this same expression only provides a lower bound, as there is theoretically no upper bound. These bounds assist in comparing the performance of the floating sphere if it were to extract energy using surge or heave motion. The analysis shows because of differences in hydrodynamic coefficients for each oscillating mode, there are different frequency ranges that provide better power capture efficiency. The influence of a motion constraint on TAP while utilizing a nonideal power take-off is examined and found to reduce the losses associated with bidirectional energy flow. The expression to calculate TAP with a nonideal PTO is modified by the electrical conversion efficiency and the ratio of the PTO spring and damping coefficients. The PTO spring and damping coefficients were separated in the expression, allowing for limits to be set on the PTO coefficients to ensure net power generation.
Modular Heat Sinks for Enhanced Thermal Management of Electronics
Authors: Hoque Muhammad Jahidul , Günay Alperen , Stillwell Andrew , Gurumukhi Yashraj , Pilawa-Podgurski Robert C. N. , Miljkovic Nenad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Power electronics are vital for the generation, conversion, transmission, and distribution of electrical energy. Improving the efficiency, power density, and reliability of power electronics is an important challenge that can be addressed with electrothermal codesign and optimization. Current thermal management approaches utilize metallic heat sinks (HSs), resulting in parasitic load generation due to different potentials between electronic components on the printed circuit board (PCB). To enable electrical isolation, a thermal interface material (TIM) or gap pad is placed between the PCB and HS, resulting in poor heat transfer. Here, we develop an approach to eliminate TIMs and gap pads through modularization of metallic HSs. The use of smaller modular heat sinks (MHSs) strategically placed on high power dissipation areas of the PCB enables elimination of electrical potential difference, and removal of electrical isolation materials, resulting in better cooling performance due to direct contact between devices and the HS. By studying a gallium nitride (GaN) 2 kW DC–DC power converter as a test platform for electrothermal codesign using the modular approach, and benchmarking performance with a commercial off-the-shelf HS design, we showed identical power dissipation rates with a 54% reduction in HS volume and a 8 °C reduction in maximum GaN device temperature. In addition to thermal performance improvement, the MHS design showed a 73% increase in specific power density with a 22% increase in volumetric power density.
Trace-element and Sr and Nd isotopic geochemistry of Cretaceous bentonites in Wyoming and South Dakota tracks magmatic processes during eastward migration of Farallon arc plutons
Authors: Hannon Jeffrey S. , Dietsch Craig , Huff Warren D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Bentonite beds, which are clay deposits produced by the submarine alteration of volcanic tephra, preserve millions of years of volcanic products linked to magmatic systems for which records are otherwise lost through erosion and alteration. Cretaceous strata from the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, and southwestern South Dakota contain bentonites that originated from arc magmatism produced by subduction of the Farallon plate. We analyzed the bulk major- and trace-element geochemistry, and the 87Sr/86Sr (n = 87) and 143Nd/144Nd (n = 26) isotopic compositions of individual bentonite beds from these areas spanning 40 m.y. of volcanism to recover signals of magmatic processes and to attempt to trace bentonite geochemical and isotopic signatures to contemporaneous Cordilleran plutonic rocks. Using multiple immobile elements (e.g., Zr, TiO2, Nb, Ta, and rare earth elements), distinct temporal trends show variations in the effects of mineral fractionation and changes in crustal thickness. Bentonite Sr and Nd isotopic compositions allow ash beds to be correlated with specific batholithic complexes in Idaho and western Montana. With this data set, we observed the following: (1) The volcanic arc migrated across the 0.706 isopleth between 115 and 105 Ma; (2) between 105 and 95 Ma, magmatism stalled in central Idaho and was supported through significant MASH (mixing-assimilation-storage-homogenization) processing; (3) by 85 Ma, a shallowing subduction angle resulted in the eastward migration of the volcanic front into western Montana while volcanism in Idaho diminished; and (4) around 75 Ma, evidence of Idaho volcanism is lost. Montana plutonism continued with significant assimilation of radiogenic basement and regional centers of local magma emplacement (i.e., Pioneer batholith).
Physiological responses to facemask application in newborns immediately after birth
Authors: Gaertner Vincent D , Rüegger Christoph Martin , O'Currain Eoin , Kamlin C Omar Farouk , Hooper Stuart B , Davis Peter G , Springer Laila 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveApplication of a face mask may induce apnoea and bradycardia, possibly via the trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR). We aimed to describe rates of apnoea and bradycardia in term and late-preterm infants following facemask application during neonatal stabilisation and compare the effects of first facemask application with subsequent applications.DesignSubgroup analysis of a prospective, randomised trial comparing two face masks.SettingSingle-centre study in the delivery roomPatientsInfants>34 weeks gestational age at birthMethodsResuscitations were video recorded. Airway flow and pressure were measured using a flow sensor. The effect of first and subsequent facemask applications on spontaneously breathing infants were noted. When available, flow waveforms as well as heart rate (HR) were assessed 20 s before and 30 s after each facemask application.ResultsIn total, 128 facemask applications were evaluated. In eleven percent of facemask applications infants stopped breathing. The first application was associated with a higher rate of apnoea than subsequent applications (29% vs 8%, OR (95% CI)=4.76 (1.41–16.67), p=0.012). On aggregate, there was no change in median HR over time. In the interventions associated with apnoea, HR dropped by 38bpm [median (IQR) at time of facemask application: 134bpm (134–150) vs 96bpm (94–102) 20 s after application; p=0.25] and recovered within 30 s.ConclusionsFacemask applications in term and late-preterm infants during neonatal stabilisation are associated with apnoea and this effect is more pronounced after the first compared with subsequent applications. Healthcare providers should be aware of the TCR and vigilant when applying a face mask to newborn infants.Trial registration numberACTRN12616000768493.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a patient with serotonin syndrome
Authors: Prakash Sanjay , Rathore Chaturbhuj , Kaushikkumar Rana 
Published: December 2020

Serotonin syndrome (SS) is a drug-induced clinical syndrome, characterised by a triad of cognitive impairment, autonomic hyperactivity and neuromuscular abnormalities. Hypertension, one of the common autonomic manifestations in SS, may lead to lead to several life-threatening conditions. Herein, we report a case of SS who had posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) because of high blood pressure.A young male with a 5-month history of chronic tension-type headache and depression had been receiving amitriptyline and paroxetine. Increment of paroxetine led to the development of various new clinical features, fulfilling the Hunter criteria of SS. MRI brain revealed high-signal intensity lesions on T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and T2-weighted imaging in the posterior regions of the occipital, parietal, temporal and cerebellum lobes, suggestive of PRES. The patient responded to cyproheptadine. Autonomic hyperactivity, due to SS, is the most likely explanation of this association.
Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19: a new virus and a new case presentation
Authors: Makiello Phoebe , Svirpliene Sima , Finlay Lisa , McKnight Jean 
Published: December 2020

An 11-year-old boy presented with features resembling those described in health alerts on Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS), including persistent fever, haemodynamic instability and abdominal pain. Laboratory tests, including raised inflammatory markers, D-dimer, troponin and a coagulopathy, were consistent with PIMS-TS. Our patient required transfer to the paediatric intensive care unit; an echocardiography revealed left ventricular dysfunction. He was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins (Igs), corticosteroids and aspirin, with full resolution of clinical symptoms. A follow-up echocardiogram 1 month after discharge was unremarkable.Three SARS-CoV-2 PCRs on respiratory samples, taken over the initial 4-day period, were negative, as was a SARS-CoV-2 PCR on faeces 1 month after presentation; titres of IgG were clearly elevated. The negative PCRs in the presence of elevated titres of IgG suggest that the inflammatory syndrome might have developed in a late phase of COVID-19 infection when the virus was no longer detectable in the upper airway.
Comparison of several survey-based algorithms to ascertain type 1 diabetes among US adults with self-reported diabetes
Authors: Casagrande Sarah S , Lessem Sarah E , Orchard Trevor J , Bullard Kai McKeever , Geiss Linda S , Saydah Sharon H , Menke Andy , Imperatore Giuseppina , Rust Keith F , Cowie Catherine C 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionDefining type of diabetes using survey data is challenging, although important, for determining national estimates of diabetes. The purpose of this study was to compare the percentage and characteristics of US adults classified as having type 1 diabetes as defined by several algorithms.Research design and methodsThis study included 6331 respondents aged ≥18 years who reported a physician diagnosis of diabetes in the 2016–2017 National Health Interview Survey. Seven algorithms classified type 1 diabetes using various combinations of self-reported diabetes type, age of diagnosis, current and continuous insulin use, and use of oral hypoglycemics.ResultsThe percentage of type 1 diabetes among those with diabetes ranged from 3.4% for those defined by age of diagnosis <30 years and continuous insulin use (algorithm 2) to 10.2% for those defined only by continuous insulin use (algorithm 1) and 10.4% for those defined as self-report of type 1 (supplementary algorithm 6). Among those defined by age of diagnosis <30 years and continuous insulin use (algorithm 2), by self-reported type 1 diabetes and continuous insulin use (algorithm 4), and by self-reported type 1 diabetes and current insulin use (algorithm 5), mean body mass index (BMI) (28.6, 27.4, and 28.5 kg/m2, respectively) and percentage using oral hypoglycemics (16.1%, 11.1%, and 19.0%, respectively) were lower than for all other algorithms assessed. Among those defined by continuous insulin use alone (algorithm 1), the estimates for mean age and age of diagnosis (54.3 and 30.9 years, respectively) and BMI (30.9 kg/m2) were higher than for other algorithms.ConclusionsEstimates of type 1 diabetes using commonly used algorithms in survey data result in varying degrees of prevalence, characteristic distributions, and potential misclassification.
Effectiveness–implementation hybrid type 2 study evaluating an intervention to support ‘information work’ in dementia care: an implementation study protocol
Authors: De Poli Chiara , Oyebode Jan R , Binns Christopher , Glover Richard , Airoldi Mara 
Published: December 2020

Introduction
Patients with long-term conditions consistently report a lack of information around services and support available to them. This unmet need for information is significant among people with dementia and family carers. A quality improvement intervention is being carried out to tackle this issue as part of a co-creation initiative in the North East of England (UK). The intervention consists of the dissemination (via the local Community Mental Health Services for Older People) of a leaflet about services available to people with dementia and their family carers in the study site. This protocol is reported in accordance with the Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies.

Methods and analysis
This effectiveness–implementation hybrid type 2 study aims at understanding (1) the unfolding and outcomes of the implementation strategy, (2) the outcomes of the intervention (for people with dementia and family carers, staff implementing the intervention and local service providers) and (3) the contribution of co-creation to the design and implementation of the intervention and its outcomes. The prospective theory of change of the intervention articulated by local stakeholders is used as a reference framework against which to assess the implementation and outcomes of the intervention. Evaluation data will be collected through in-depth interviews with people with dementia and family carers receiving the intervention, staff implementing the intervention and managers from local service providers. Referral data from local service providers will be collected to triangulate the interview data. A focus group with key stakeholders will support the sense-making of findings. The realist configuration of mechanism–context–outcome, operationalised using an information behaviour model, will inform data analysis and interpretation.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical and research governance approvals have been obtained from the West Midlands—South Birmingham Research Ethics Committee. The results of the study will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated through conferences.