bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health care utilisation among older people with Down syndrome compared to specific medical guidelines for health surveillance: a Swedish national register study
Authors: Ahlström G. , Axmon A. , Sandberg M. , Flygare Wallén E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Specific medical guidelines for health surveillance exist for people with Down syndrome (DS) since 25 years but knowledge of adherence to the guidelines is lacking. The guidelines were developed to avoid unnecessary suffering from preventable conditions. The aims of the study were to investigate 1) planned health care visits in relation to the co-morbidities described in specific medical guidelines as a measure of adherence, 2) unplanned health care visits as a measure of potentially unmet health care needs and 3) gender differences in health care utilisation among older people with DS.

Methods
This register-based study includes people with DS (n = 472) from a Swedish national cohort of people with intellectual disability (n = 7936), aged 55 years or more, and with at least one support according to the disability law, in 2012. Data on inpatient and outpatient specialist health care utilisation were collected from the National Patient Register for 2002–2012.

Results
A total of 3854 inpatient and outpatient specialist health care visits were recorded during the 11 years, of which 54.6% (n = 2103) were planned, 44.0% (n = 1695) unplanned and 1.4% (n = 56) lacked information. More than half of the visits, 67.0% (n = 2582) were outpatient health care thus inpatient 33% (n = 1272). Most planned visits (29.4%, n = 618) were to an ophthalmology clinic, and most unplanned visits to an internal medicine clinic (36.6%, n = 621). The most common cause for planned visits was cataract, found at least once for 32.8% in this cohort, followed by arthrosis (8.9%), epilepsy (8.9%) and dementia (6.6%). Pneumonia, pain, fractures and epilepsy each accounted for at least one unplanned visit for approximately one-fourth of the population (27.1, 26.9, 26.3 and 19.7% respectively). Men and women had similar numbers of unplanned visits. However, women were more likely to have visits for epilepsy or fractures, and men more likely for pneumonia.

Conclusions
Increased awareness of existing specific medical guidelines for people with DS is vital for preventive measures. The relatively few planned health care visits according to the medical guidelines together with a high number of unplanned visits caused by conditions which potentially can be prevented suggest a need of improved adherence to medical guidelines.
‘There are no more secrets’: acceptability of a family-centered model of care for HIV positive children in Eswatini
Authors: Khumalo Philisiwe N. , Katirayi Leila , Ashburn Kim , Chouraya Caspian , Mpango Lydia , Mthethwa Nobuhle , Mofenson Lynne M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
HIV-positive children have lagged adults on retention in HIV care and viral suppression. To address this gap, Eswatini’s Ministry of Health started a pilot family-centered HIV care model (FCCM) targeting HIV-positive children under 20 years old and their families.

Methods
We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 25 caregivers and 17 healthcare workers (HCWs) to assess acceptability of FCCM in four pilot FCCM health facilities in Hhohho region of Eswatini. Thematic analysis with inductive and deductive codes was used to identify salient themes.

Results
Caregivers and HCWs reported FCCM benefits including strengthening the family bond, encouragement for family members to disclose their HIV status and supporting each other in taking antiretroviral drugs. Caregivers reported that they spent fewer days in clinic, experienced shorter waiting times, and received better counseling services in FCCM compared to the standard-of-care services. FCCM implementation challenges included difficulty for families to attend clinic visits together (e.g., due to scheduling conflicts with weekend Teen Support Club meetings and weekday FCCM appointments). Both HCWs and caregivers mentioned difficulty in sharing sensitive health information in the presence of other family members. HCWs also had challenges with supporting caregivers to disclose HIV status to children and managing the larger group during clinic visits.

Conclusions
FCCM for HIV-positive children was acceptable to both caregivers and HCWs, and they supported scaling-up FCCM implementation nationally. However, special considerations should be made to address the challenges experienced by participants in attending clinic visits together as a family in order to achieve the full benefits of FCCM for HIV positive children.
The mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase ARTD10 regulates the voltage-gated K+ channel Kv1.1 through protein kinase C delta
Authors: Tian Yuemin , Korn Patricia , Tripathi Priyanka , Komnig Daniel , Wiemuth Dominik , Nikouee Azadeh , Classen Arno , Bolm Carsten , Falkenburger Björn H. , Lüscher Bernhard , Gründer Stefan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
ADP-ribosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification that involves both mono- and poly-ADP-ribosylation. ARTD10, also known as PARP10, mediates mono-ADP-ribosylation (MARylation) of substrate proteins. A previous screen identified protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) as a potential ARTD10 substrate, among several other kinases. The voltage-gated K+ channel Kv1.1 constitutes one of the dominant Kv channels in neurons of the central nervous system and the inactivation properties of Kv1.1 are modulated by PKC. In this study, we addressed the role of ARTD10-PKCδ as a regulator of Kv1.1.

Results
We found that ARTD10 inhibited PKCδ, which increased Kv1.1 current amplitude and the proportion of the inactivating current component in HeLa cells, indicating that ARTD10 regulates Kv1.1 in living cells. An inhibitor of ARTD10, OUL35, significantly decreased peak amplitude together with the proportion of the inactivating current component of Kv1.1-containing channels in primary hippocampal neurons, demonstrating that the ARTD10-PKCδ signaling cascade regulates native Kv1.1. Moreover, we show that the pharmacological blockade of ARTD10 increases excitability of hippocampal neurons.

Conclusions
Our results, for the first time, suggest that MARylation by ARTD10 controls neuronal excitability.
Are the energy matrix values of the different feed additives in broiler chicken diets could be summed?
Authors: Metwally Abdallah E. , Abdel-Wareth Ahmed A. A. , Saleh Ahmed A. , Amer Shimaa A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to investigate whether the energy matrix values of the nonstarch polysaccharide- (NSP-) degrading enzymes, bioemulsifier (LYSOFORTE®), guanidinoacetic acid (CreAMINO®), or their combinations could be summed. The effects of these additives on the growth performance, carcass traits, and economic value of the broiler chicken diets were evaluated. A total of 525-one-day-old Ross chicks with an initial body weight of 42.96 ± 0.87 g were haphazardly allocated into seven groups with five replicates. The seven experimental treatments are as follows: (1) basal diet with no additives (breeder recommendation), which is the control group, (2) basal diet minus 100 kcal/kg supplemented with 0.02% NSP-degrading enzymes (NSP), (3) basal diet minus 50 kcal/kg supplemented with 0.025% emulsifier (LYSOFORTE®), (4) basal diet minus 50 kcal/kg supplemented with 0.06% guanidinoacetic acid (CreAMINO®), (5) basal diet minus 150 kcal/kg supplemented with a mixture of NSP and LYSOFORTE®(NSPL), (6) basal diet minus 100 kcal/kg supplemented with a mixture of NSP and CreAMINO®(NSPC), and (7) basal diet minus 200 kcal/kg supplemented with a mixture of NSP, LYSO, and CreAMINO®(NSPLC). The experiment lasted for 35 days.ResultsIt was found that the final body weight, body weight gain, and relative growth rate were significantly higher in birds fed diets supplemented with NSPL, NSPC, CreAMINO, and LYSO with the reduced energy matrix value. The overall feed conversion ratio was significantly improved due to the supplementation of NSPC, CreAMINO, NSPL, and LYSO with the reduced energy matrix value compared to the control group. Moreover, no significant effect on the carcass criteria was observed by the different treatments. As a result of the dietary supplementation with NSPL, NSPC, CreAMINO®, and LYSO with the reduced energy matrix value, the net profit, total return, economic efficiency, and performance index were increased and the cost of feed per kg of body weight gain was decreased.ConclusionThe energy matrix value of NSPL, NSPC, CreAMINO®, and LYSOFORTE could be established in the diets of broiler chickens to improve the growth performance and economic efficiency.
Unmet need in severe, uncontrolled asthma: can anti-TSLP therapy with tezepelumab provide a valuable new treatment option?
Authors: Menzies-Gow Andrew , Wechsler Michael E. , Brightling Chris E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite treatment with standard-of-care medications, including currently available biologic therapies, many patients with severe asthma have uncontrolled disease, which is associated with a high risk of hospitalization and high healthcare costs. Biologic therapies approved for severe asthma have indications limited to patients with either eosinophilic or allergic phenotypes; there are currently no approved biologics for patients with eosinophil-low asthma. Furthermore, existing biologic treatments decrease exacerbation rates by approximately 50% only, which may be because they target individual, downstream elements of the asthma inflammatory response, leaving other components untreated. Targeting an upstream mediator of the inflammatory response may have a broader effect on airway inflammation and provide more effective asthma control. One such potential target is thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), an epithelial-derived cytokine released in response to multiple triggers associated with asthma exacerbations, such as viruses, allergens, pollutants and other airborne irritants. Mechanistic studies indicate that TSLP drives eosinophilic (including allergic) inflammation, neutrophilic inflammation and structural changes to the airway in asthma through actions on a wide variety of adaptive and innate immune cells and structural cells. Tezepelumab is a first-in-class human monoclonal antibody that blocks the activity of TSLP. In the phase 2b PATHWAY study (NCT02054130), tezepelumab reduced asthma exacerbations by up to 71% compared with placebo in patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma across the spectrum of inflammatory phenotypes, and improved lung function and asthma control. Phase 3 trials of tezepelumab are underway. NAVIGATOR (NCT03347279), a pivotal exacerbation study, aims to assess the potential efficacy of tezepelumab further in patients with a broad range of severe asthma phenotypes, including those with low blood eosinophil counts. SOURCE (NCT03406078) aims to evaluate the oral corticosteroid-sparing potential of tezepelumab. DESTINATION (NCT03706079) is a long-term extension study. In addition, an ongoing phase 2 bronchoscopy study, CASCADE (NCT03688074), aims to evaluate the effect of tezepelumab on airway inflammation and airway remodelling in patients across the spectrum of type 2 airway inflammation. Here, we summarize the unmet therapeutic need in severe asthma and the current treatment landscape, discuss the rationale for targeting TSLP in severe asthma therapy and describe the current development status of tezepelumab.
Sensory experiences and cues among E-cigarette users
Authors: DiPiazza J. , Caponnetto P. , Askin G. , Christos P. , Maglia M. Lyc Psych , Gautam R. , Roche S. , Polosa R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background and aims
We characterized the extent and quality of respiratory sensations and sensory-related smoking cues associated with e-cigarette use among those who failed to quit combustible tobacco cigarette (CTC) use with traditional FDA approved medications but succeeded in doing so with e-cigarettes. Further, we sought to understand former smokers’ perceptions about the influence of sensory experience with e-cigarette use on CTC cessation outcomes.

Methods
A nonrandom purposive sample of 156 participants recruited in the USA through the Consumer Advocates for Smoke Free Alternatives Association Facebook page completed an online cross-sectional survey to assess sensory experiences and smoking cues associated with e-cigarette use. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and the ANOVA/Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc testing and the two-sample t test/Wilcoxon rank-sum test, as appropriate based on distribution, were used to assess the association between sample characteristics and sensory experiences and cues using investigator constructed questions, the Modified Cigarette Evaluation Questionnaire (mCEQ) and the Smoking Cue Appeal Survey (SCAS).

Results
With e-cigarette use, participants reported feeling the vapor in their throats, windpipes, noses, lungs, and on their tongues; reductions in nicotine craving; and enjoyment of their e-cigarette, including tasting, smelling, and seeing the vapor and touching the device. Women had greater craving reduction than men (p = 0.023). Those who began smoking at 13 years of age or younger had more satisfaction and had greater sensory enjoyment than those who began smoking at 16–17 years of age (p = 0.015 and p = 0.026, respectively), as well as greater sensory enjoyment than those who began smoking at 14–15 years of age (p = 0.047). There was a significant overall association between the number of years a respondent smoked and e-cigarette sensory enjoyment (p = 0.038). Participants 18–34 years old rated e-cigarettes as being more pleasant compared to 45 + years olds, (p = 0.012). Eighty-four percent of participants reported the sensation of the vapor as important in quitting CTCs, and 91% believed the sensations accompanying e-cigarette use contributed to their smoking cessation success.

Conclusions
For those who failed to quit previously using approved cessation medications to stop smoking cigarettes, sensory experiences associated with e-cigarette use may help smokers quit smoking.
A painful lesson from the COVID-19 pandemic: the need for broad-spectrum, host-directed antivirals
Authors: Chitalia Vipul C. , Munawar Ali H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile the COVID-19 pandemic has spurred intense research and collaborative discovery worldwide, the development of a safe, effective, and targeted antiviral from the ground up is time intensive. Therefore, most antiviral discovery efforts are focused on the re-purposing of clinical stage or approved drugs. While emerging data on drugs undergoing COVID-19 repurpose are intriguing, there is an undeniable need to develop broad-spectrum antivirals to prevent future viral pandemics of unknown origin. The ideal drug to curtail rapid viral spread would be a broad-acting agent with activity against a wide range of viruses. Such a drug would work by modulating host-proteins that are often shared by multiple virus families thereby enabling preemptive drug development and therefore rapid deployment at the onset of an outbreak. Targeting host-pathways and cellular proteins that are hijacked by viruses can potentially offer broad-spectrum targets for the development of future antiviral drugs. Such host-directed antivirals are also likely to offer a higher barrier to the development and selection of drug resistant mutations. Given that most approved antivirals do not target host-proteins, we reinforce the need for the development of such antivirals that can be used in pre- and post-exposure populations.
Association between plasma total homocysteine level within normal range and bone mineral density in adults
Authors: Zhu Zhongxin , Liu Changhua , Li Xiao’e , Yao Xiaocong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Growing evidence indicates that homocysteine is a noteworthy marker for general health status. However, research regarding plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels and bone mineral density (BMD) is sparse and controversial. Hence, we aimed to investigate the association between plasma tHcy level within normal range and lumbar BMD in adults.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database, data on 10748 adults aged between 30 and 85 years were analyzed. The weighted multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between plasma tHcy level and lumbar BMD. The fitted smoothing curves were performed to explore potential non-linear relationships. When non-linearity was detected, we further calculated the inflection point using a recursive algorithm and constructed a weighted two-piecewise linear regression model.

Results
After adjusting for all the covariates, the association between plasma tHcy and lumbar BMD was different in various age groups (adults aged 30–49 years: β = −0.0004, 95% CI −0.0025, 0.0018; adults aged 50–69 years: β = 0.0001, 95% CI −0.0025, 0.0026; adults aged 70–85 years: β = 0.0050, 95% CI 0.0008, 0.0092). In the subgroup analysis stratified by gender, this association also differed based on gender. There was a negative trend in females (aged 30–49 years: β = −0.0022, 95% CI −0.0054, 0.0011; aged 50–69 years: β = −0.0028, 95% CI −0.0062, 0.0007), and a positive trend in males (aged 30–49 years: β = 0.0018, 95% CI −0.0012, 0.0048; aged 50–69 years: β = 0.0027, 95% CI −0.0009, 0.0063) in both 30–49 years group and 50–69 years group. In the 70–85 years group, this association was significantly positive in males (β = 0.0136, 95% CI 0.0068, 0.0204), but was not significantly different in females (β = 0.0007, 95% CI −0.0046, 0.0060).

Conclusion
The correlation between plasma tHcy level within the normal range and lumbar BMD differs by age and gender.
Preserving the endothelium in saphenous vein graft with both conventional and no-touch preparation
Authors: Saito Toshiro , Kurazumi Hiroshi , Suzuki Ryo , Matsuno Yutaro , Mikamo Akihito , Hamano Kimikazu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite the inferior patency compared to arterial grafts, a saphenous vein graft (SVG) is widely used for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). A lower atherosclerosis rate and higher patency have been reported for SVG obtained via the no-touch technique (NT) than via conventional preparation (CV). Although CV-mediated endothelial dysfunction is implied, the precise mechanism underlying the higher patency with NT is poorly understood.

Methods
Human residual SVGs during CABG and SVG sections after autopsy were analyzed. The endothelial surface was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and blindly compared between CV and NT. The endothelial integrity was also analyzed with immunohistochemistry.

Results
Unexpectedly, the hyperfine structure on SEM was comparable between CV and NT before grafting, and microvillus, a characteristic of endothelium, was indistinguishable between them. Von Willebrand Factor, an endothelial marker, was equally detected throughout the vascular wall in both groups from residual and postmortem sections.

Conclusions
The morphological integrity of the endothelium was successfully preserved in SVG with CV, even at an ultrastructural level. Although its functionality remains to be addressed, other factors than the endothelium may be involved in the high patency obtained by NT. The present findings suggest that the characteristics of NT and surgical methodology should be reconsidered.
Creation and implementation of a European registry for patients with McArdle disease and other muscle glycogenoses (EUROMAC registry)
Authors: Pinós Tomàs , Andreu Antoni L. , Bruno Claudio , Hadjigeorgiou Georgios M. , Haller Ronald G. , Laforêt Pascal , Lucía Alejandro , Martín Miguel A. , Martinuzzi Andrea , Navarro Carmen , Oflazer Piraye , Pouget Jean , Quinlivan Ros , Sacconi Sabrina , Scalco Renata S. , Toscano Antonio , Vissing John , Vorgerd Matthias , Wakelin Andrew , Martí Ramon ,   EUROMAC Consortium, Andreu Antoni L. , Martí Ramon , Pinós Tomàs , Baruch Noemi , Ortega Francisco J. , Martín Miguel A. , Navarro Carmen , San-Millán Beatriz , Vieitez Irene , Martinuzzi Andrea , Vavla Marinela , Bruno Claudio , Toscano Antonio , Musumeci Olimpia , Laforêt Pascal , Sacconi Sabrina , Quinlivan Ros , Scalco Renata , Wakelin Andrew , Hadjgeorgiou Georgios , Zintzaras Elias , Vissing John , Vorgerd Matthias , Zülow Enrico , Haller Ronald , Oflazer Piraye , Durmus Hacer , Pouget Jean , Lucía Alejandro , Santalla Alfredo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
International patient registries are of particular importance for rare disorders, as they may contribute to overcome the lack of knowledge derived from low number of patients and limited awareness of these diseases, and help to learn more about their geographical or population-based specificities, which is relevant for research purposes and for promoting better standards of care and diagnosis. Our objective was to create and implement a European registry for patients with McArdle disease and other muscle glycogenoses (EUROMAC) and to disseminate the knowledge of these disorders.

Results
Teams from nine different countries (United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, France, Germany, Denmark, Greece, Turkey and USA) created a consortium that developed the first European registry dedicated to rare muscle glycogenoses. A work plan was implemented to design the database and platform that constitute the registry, by choosing clinical, genetics and molecular variables of interest, based on experience gained from previous national registries for similar metabolic disorders. Among dissemination activities, several teaching events were organized in different countries, especially those where the consortium considered the awareness of these diseases needs to be promoted among health professionals and patients.

Conclusion
EUROMAC represents a step forward in the knowledge of those disorders to which it is dedicated, and will have relevant clinical outcomes at the diagnostic, epidemiological, clinical and research level.
Neurofilaments in motor neuron disorders: towards promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers
Authors: Zucchi Elisabetta , Bonetto Valentina , Sorarù Gianni , Martinelli Ilaria , Parchi Piero , Liguori Rocco , Mandrioli Jessica 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMotor neuron diseases (MNDs) are etiologically and biologically heterogeneous diseases. The pathobiology of motor neuron degeneration is still largely unknown, and no effective therapy is available. Heterogeneity and lack of specific disease biomarkers have been appointed as leading reasons for past clinical trial failure, and biomarker discovery is pivotal in today’s MND research agenda.In the last decade, neurofilaments (NFs) have emerged as promising biomarkers for the clinical assessment of neurodegeneration. NFs are scaffolding proteins with predominant structural functions contributing to the axonal cytoskeleton of myelinated axons. NFs are released in CSF and peripheral blood as a consequence of axonal degeneration, irrespective of the primary causal event. Due to the current availability of highly-sensitive automated technologies capable of precisely quantify proteins in biofluids in the femtomolar range, it is now possible to reliably measure NFs not only in CSF but also in blood.In this review, we will discuss how NFs are impacting research and clinical management in ALS and other MNDs. Besides contributing to the diagnosis at early stages by differentiating between MNDs with different clinical evolution and severity, NFs may provide a useful tool for the early enrolment of patients in clinical trials. Due to their stability across the disease, NFs convey prognostic information and, on a larger scale, help to stratify patients in homogenous groups. Shortcomings of NFs assessment in biofluids will also be discussed according to the available literature in the attempt to predict the most appropriate use of the biomarker in the MND clinic.