bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
140 ASAS-EAAP Exchange Speaker Talk: Effects of different sources of fat in the diet of pigs on the liver transcriptome estimated by 3`RNA-sequencing
Authors: Oczkowicz Maria , Świątkiewicz Małgorzata , Szmatoła Tomasz , Gurgul Artur , Koseniuk Anna , Smołucha Grzegorz , Witarski Wojciech 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The effect of different fats [rapeseed oil (group I n = 6), beef tallow (group II n = 6), coconut oil (group III n = 5)] in the diet of pigs on the liver transcriptomic profile was analyzed using the 3`quant mRNA-sequencing method (Lexogen, Vienna, Austria). In this method the quantification of gene expression is based only on the 3 ‘UTR fragment of genes in contrast to traditional RNA-seq in which the analysis is based on the entire length of the transcripts. Thus, this method is much cheaper and some sources claim that it is also more sensitive. Using this method, we detected approximately 1000 Differentially Expressed genes (DEGs) between samples from the liver of individuals fed with the addition of rapeseed oil when compared to samples from animals receiving beef tallow in the diet (base mean &gt;10, fold change &gt;1.5, p-adjusted&lt; 0.05). More than 700 DEGs and about 100 DEGs were identified in group I vs group III and group II vs group III comparisons respectively. Functional analysis with STRING software revealed 287, and 233 significant Biological Processes in group I vs group II and group I vs group III comparisons respectively. Among genes with altered expression, there were many genes playing a key role in signalling pathways, autophagy, mitophagy, complement and coagulation cascade, cholesterol metabolism, oxidative stress, RNA and protein processing. Significant part of these genes were strongly associated with human diseases: Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), cancer, Parkinson`s disease, Alzheimer`s disease and cardiovascular diseases. There were many overlapping genes and biological processes in results of comparisons of rapeseed oil group with beef tallow and coconut oil groups, however pathways connected to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases were only observed in group I vs group II comparisons. These results are preliminary and will be validated by qPCR.
Table 1. Top 20 DEGs identified in three comparisons.
376 Awardee Talk - Prenatal transportation stress alters physiology of suckling Brahman calves as mediated by changes in DNA methylation
Authors: Littlejohn Brittni P , Price Debbi M , Neuendorff Don A , Carroll Jeffery A , Vann Rhonda C , Riggs Penny K , Riley David G , Long Charles R , Welsh Thomas H , Randel Ronald D 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Mechanisms by which prenatal programming alters the developmental trajectory of biological systems in utero is of relevance to animal agriculture. We hypothesized that prenatally stressed (PNS) calves would exhibit altered postnatal phenotype and differential methylation of DNA. Mature Brahman cows (n = 48) were transported for 2-h periods at 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 (± 5) d of gestation or maintained as non-transported Controls (n = 48). PNS calves exhibited more excitable temperaments and increased circulating concentrations of cortisol. In response to a glucose tolerance test administered to a subset of PNS and Control bulls, PNS calves returned to basal concentrations of insulin more rapidly and exhibited a lower total area under the insulin response curve. In response to a lipopolysaccharide challenge administered to a subset of PNS and Control bulls, PNS calves exhibited greater circulating concentrations of cortisol and a greater change from baseline for IFN-γ and monocytes. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing was used to assess methylation of DNA from white blood cells in a subset of 28-d-old bull calves. Because increased methylation of DNA in a gene promoter region typically results in decreased transcriptional activity, differentially methylated CG sites located within promoter regions (n = 1,205) were used to predict alterations to canonical pathways using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. There were 113 pathways altered (P ≤ 0.05) in PNS calves. Among these were pathways related to behavior, stress response, metabolism, and immune function. In support of our hypotheses, differential methylation in gene regions related to temperament, stress response, metabolism, and immune response corresponded to phenotypic differences observed in PNS calves, suggesting DNA methylation as a mechanistic basis for prenatal programming. The role of the prenatal epigenome in shaping postnatal outcomes provides novel opportunities to improve animal health and production traits.
378 Awardee Talk - Impact of fetal versus maternal contributions of Bos indicus and Bos taurus genetics on embryonic and fetal development
Authors: Fontes Pedro Levy Piza , Oosthuizen Nicola , Ciriaco Francine M , Sanford Carla D , Canal Luara Bertelli , Pohler Ky , Henry Darren D , Mercadante Vitor R G , Timlin Claire , Ealy Alan , Johnson Sally , DiLorenzo Nicolas , Lamb G Cliff 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
To evaluate how the inclusion of Bos indicus genotype influences early fetal development in cattle, a reciprocal embryo transfer approach was used in a completely randomized design with a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments in order to generate 55 pregnancies (n = 55). Recipient cows were randomly assigned to 1) a diet that met daily energy maintenance requirements (MAINT), or 2) a diet that restricted intake to 70% of the energy maintenance requirements (RESTR). Angus (AN) and Brangus (BN) embryo donors were superovulated and artificially inseminated with female sexed-sorted semen from the same breed. Embryos were then randomly transferred to either AN or BN recipients fed their respective diets for 28d. Recipients remained on the dietary scheme until d91 of gestation, and were then comingled and fed a common diet that met their requirements. Measurements included pregnancy establishment at d28 of gestation, pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG; using 2 commercial [A1 and A2] and 1 in-house assay), and fetal size (CRL). Recipients in the RESTR diet had lower BW and BCS (diet×day; P &lt; 0.01) than MAINT recipients. Energy-restricted AN recipients experienced greater (recipient breed×diet, P &lt; 0.01) pregnancy failure by d28 than the other recipient breed × diet combinations. Restricted recipients that received AN embryos experienced greater pregnancy failure than RESTR recipients receiving BN embryos (embryo breed×diet; P = 0.03). Brangus embryos resulted in greater plasma concentrations of PAG in both A1 (embryo breed×day, P &lt; 0.01) and A2 (embryo breed P &lt; 0.01). Alternatively, recipients that received AN embryos had greater plasma concentrations of PAG for the in-house assay (embryo breed×day; P &lt; 0.01). In addition, fetuses from AN recipients had greater CRL on d91 (breed×day, P &lt; 0.01). In summary, Bos taurus cows experienced greater pregnancy failure when nutrient restricted. Furthermore, fetal size and profile of PAG production during early gestation differed between Bos indicus-influenced and Bos taurus cattle.
418 Student reflections after completing a meat science course
Authors: Kelley Stanley F , Beverly Marcy , Anderson Mark 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Students do not have accurate understandings nor opinions, supported with in-depth knowledge of meat science and preparation of meat animals for consumption. In 2014, Sam Houston State University conducted a quantitative student perceptions study of harvesting animals. In 2018, students reflected on their experience in the same course. Qualitatively, three major themes were gleaned from the reflection papers (n = 23); expectations of course content, its purpose; animal slaughter; and food safety/handling. Mixed opinions of course objectives were common, several expected a muscle biology/science approach with no content of muscle as food. Others did not understand why muscle contraction/muscle biology was critical and expected hand-on learning of slaughter and fabrication practices, only. After completing the course, students fully understood why the content was included. Others were unsure of actively participating in slaughter processes. Again, students changed opinions of harvesting animals and realized that social media was dramatized and provided false information. All students felt secure with participating in the slaughter process with no reservations of slaughtering animals, once they understood the regulations, observed humane slaughter procedures. Students did not have an understanding of food-borne illness, food safety and handling prior to the course, unaware of the regulations and precautions in food handling facilities to ensure a wholesome product, and unaware of the consumers role in food safety. Cross contamination, storage, proper temperatures were topics, students were uninformed and many documented how this changed their food handling habits. From a qualitative perspective, students are highly influenced by social media and have varying opinions of course objectives. Results parallel the quantitative study, and indicate actively involving students in a meat science course including muscle biology, animal slaughter, food safety and handling are essential outcomes for an animal science curriculum to provide scientific knowledge to students and provide an accurate understanding of the meat industry.
424 Do classroom assessment techniques improve student learning in an introduction to animal science laboratory course?
Authors: Abrams Amy , Zeamer Katelyn , Nold Rosemarie , Gonda Michael 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Classroom assessment techniques (CATs) may be valuable for engaging students in the learning process, monitoring students’ learning, and establishing a communication feedback loop. However, CATs have not been evaluated in Animal Science classes. Our objective was to test if CATs affected final exam grades and students’ perception of learning among Animal Science students. Our sample consisted of students (n = 95) enrolled in four laboratory sections (n = 24 per lab section) of an Introduction to Animal Science course at South Dakota State University. Two sections were randomly selected to complete CATs at the conclusion of each laboratory period. Assessments forms encouraged students to reflect, seek clarification, and evaluate their confidence on that day’s material. A rubric was used to evaluate quality of the assessment responses throughout the semester. Feedback was provided at the beginning of the next week’s laboratory period to clarify material that students had expressed difficulty understanding. Final exam grades were compared between assessment and control groups using a Students t-test. Data were collected on student perception of classroom engagement, communication, and learning abilities through a Likert scale survey administered at the end of the semester. Surveys administered to students that participated in the CAT included additional questions to evaluate assessment effectiveness. Survey data was analyzed using a chi-squared test to evaluate differences between lab sections for general questions and within lab sections for assessment-specific questions. No differences (P &gt; 0.05) between groups were observed for final exam grades. Students that participated in the CAT perceived that the CAT positively impacted their ability to learn, provided guidance for study material, and was an effective use of classroom time (P &lt; 0.05). The CAT was viewed favorably by students who participated in the assessment activity, although participation in the CAT was not associated with increased final exam scores.
PSIII-7 Analysis of sow postures using infrared sensors
Authors: Bum Kwongoo , OH Sang-Hyon , Lee Donghoon 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The health of the sow is crucial in determining the economic success of swine producers. Sows spend most of their time standing, and due to their heavy weight, they are exposed to more leg injuries compared to other livestock. Frequent observations are required to examine the body structure of sows to provide appropriate treatment, but such observations are done manually by technicians. Considering the lack and high price of labor, an automated investigation system that examines the body structure would greatly benefit sow farms. Various technologies for animal health have been introduced and used in the livestock field to construct a successful smart farm. This study aims to present an assessment method applied to an individual sow using sensor technology, suggesting a system to observe various postures of sows, which help producers decide leg injuries or bad health symptoms in real time. The system consists of 8 infrared distance sensors: three that point from the front, two from the middle, and three from the rear side. To compare the postures of normal and abnormal sows, one sow was normally treated and the other was injected with 70% of dextrose at 9 am every day. During 28 days of experimentation, the normal sow showed 39 minutes of movement on average per day for 8 days at sensor 3 and 97 minutes a day for 17 days at sensor 5. The abnormal sow showed 97 minutes a day for 21 days at sensor 3 and 215 minutes a day for 27 days at sensor 5, which were significantly different from the normal sow (P &lt; 0.05). Simultaneous movements at low levels of the front and middle sensors could help differentiate between normal and abnormal individuals. Such a promising system could serve as a vital indicator for animal health and maximize livestock farm revenue.
PSVI-12 Effects of protease supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, serum biochemical parameters and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in growing pigs fed diets containing different levels of sorghum
Authors: Hui Qianru , lu Peng , Lahaye Ludovic , Bodin Jean-Christophe , Yang Chengbo , Fang Jun , Li Tiejun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Sorghum has been increasingly used as animal feed ingredients due to low cost and high energy. However, anti-nutritional factors in sorghum negatively affect the availability of nutrients. This study aimed to mitigate the adverse impacts of sorghum on the growth performance of growing pigs by protease supplementation. Forty-two crossbred pigs (Duroc × Landrace) were randomly assigned into seven treatment groups: A (0% sorghum + 0% protease); B (20% sorghum + 0% protease); C (20% sorghum + 0.015% protease); D (50% sorghum + 0% protease); E (50% sorghum + 0.015% protease); F (80% sorghum + 0% protease); and G (80% sorghum + 0.015% protease). Growth performance, meat quality, serum biochemical parameters, and apparent ileal amino acids digestibility were measured. Results showed that average daily feed intake (ADFI) significantly increased in the group with 50% sorghum, and ADFI and average daily gain (ADG) increased in the group with 80% sorghum (P &lt; 0.05). Precaval vein, mesenteric vein and portal vein serum concentration of histidine decreased (P &lt; 0.05). The apparent ileal threonine digestibility increased with 20% sorghum and the apparent ileal lysine digestibility increased with 50% sorghum (P &lt; 0.05). The apparent ileal digestibility of other amino acids decreased or remained stable with 80% sorghum. Protease supplementation improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) with 20% sorghum (P &lt; 0.05) when compared to 20% sorghum without protease. The FCR, ADG, ADFI and meat quality of growing pigs with 50–80% dietary sorghum and protease supplementation were comparable to the control (P &gt; 0.05). The apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids decreased in the group with an 80% sorghum amount except for lysine and valine. Sorghum could be a substitution for corn with a proper proportion (between 20% and 80%) of dietary feed. In conclusion, the supplementation of protease improved feed efficiency at 20% sorghum inclusion.
PSVI-6 Effect of cow neutrophil activation on expression of T cell immunoglobulin and Mucin-Domain-Containing-Protein 3 (TIM-3) and its ligand Galectin 9 gene
Authors: Worku Mulumebet , Ekwemalor Kingsley 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of neutrophil activation on the expression of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein-3 (TIM-3) and its ligand Galectin 9. T cell immunoglobulin and Mucin-Domain-Containing-Protein 3 is a type I transmembrane protein involved in the regulation of cell-mediated immunity. Galectin-9 is a β-galactoside-binding lectin, that can function as an alarmin in response to diverse pathogens. Binding of Gal-9 to TIM-3 and stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced activation of NADPH oxidase on human neutrophils. Increased understanding of Gal-9 to TIM-3 gene expression and modulation in cow neutrophils is needed. Blood was collected from the jugular vein of clinically healthy Holstein-Friesian cows (n = 3) from North Carolina A&T dairy unit. Neutrophils were isolated by differential centrifugation and incubated with either 10ng/ml of PMA or maintained in Phosphate buffer saline for 30 minutes at 370 C. Total RNA was isolated from neutrophils reverse transcribed to cDNA. Specific primers for TIM-3 and LGALS -9 were designed using the NCBI Primer 3 tool. Pooled cDNA samples were used for real-time PCR. Housekeeping genes RPLP0 and UCHL5 served as internal controls. Fold change in transcript abundance was calculated using the Livak method (Fold change &gt;2 were considered as significant). Both LGAS9 and TIM-3 were expressed in resting neutrophils. Treatment with PMA upregulated transcription of TIM-3 (5.55 fold). Whereas, LGALS -9 transcription remained unchanged. Activation of cow neutrophils using PMA changes in the expression of TIM-3. Further studies are needed to define the signaling pathways involved and functional implications for animal health and production.
PSVI-37 Effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) and selected feed additives on viability and tight junction integrity of IPEC-J2 cells
Authors: Lu Hang , Ajuwon Kolapo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells represent the frontline of host defense against invasion by enteric pathogens and uptake of potentially harmful substances. Mycotoxins are deleterious feed contaminants routinely found in cereal grains used in livestock feed. Development of strategies to eliminate mycotoxins and mitigate their harmful effects on the animal is of major importance to the livestock industry. The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of deoxynivalenol (DON), a common mycotoxin contaminant, and selected prebiotic, probiotic, and essential oil blended feed additives, on viability and integrity in porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2). IPEC-J2 cells were grown on either plastic or semipermeable membranes until 100% confluence and treated with DON (12.5 uM) with or without additives (0.01 mg/mL Biolex® and 0.0001 mg/mL Encinnate®, Biomatrix Inc.) Use of DON at 12.5 uM decreased the trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) by 37.5% compared to control, and led to 88.7% increase in FITC-dextran permeability after 3 days of culture, but with no negative effects on cell viability. The decrease in TEER by DON was minimized in the presence of Biolex (22.2%) and Encinnate (20.5%) relative to control. Treatment with DON also decreased the mRNA (24.0%) and protein abundance (64.4%) of claudin 3 and this was partially reversed by the additives, 11.5 and 11.0% decrease for claudin 3 mRNA and 58.7 and 56.7% decrease for the protein relative to control for Biolex and Encinnate, respectively. In summary, DON led to impaired epithelial tight junction integrity and this was partially rescued by the additives tested.
PSVI-36 Transcriptome analysis of porcine tonsils following PRRS virus infection
Authors: Ko Haesu , Kim Won-Il , Chae Han-Hwa , Park Won-Chul , Park Jong-Eun , Cha Jihye , Park Mi-Rim , Im Yeong-jo , Choi Bong-Hwan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The major concern for the pig industry is disease control and prevention, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the main threats to it. Tonsil is a part of the immune system and its role is to recognize and reject foreign antigens to prevent them from invading the lungs. Interestingly, porcine tonsil can harbor PRRS viruses over 150 days post infection (dpi) with no clinical signs, causing PRRS re-break. This study was conducted to find out variation in levels of gene expression in tonsils and investigate functional roles of differentially expressed genes in tonsils depending on days post infection. We used porcine tonsils from weaned pigs following experimental infection with PRRSV-2 (JA142 strain) at 3, 10, 21, 28, 35 dpi. Based on RNA-seq analysis pipeline, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were considered significant at False Discovery Rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05 level and above the two-fold change. Comparative analyses of 3 dpi vs. 10 dpi, 3 dpi vs. 21 dpi, 3 dpi vs. 28 dpi, and 3 dpi vs. 35 dpi produced 368, 315, 754, and 336 DEGs, respectively. Then we annotated the functions of each DEG set using DAVID tool. Significant GO terms of the MF, BP, and CC ontologies and KEGG pathways were selected within the limit of FDR &lt; 0.05. Common overrepresented GO terms of all DEG sets were mainly negative regulation of viral genome replication, defense response to virus, negative regulation of type Ⅰ interferon production, and type Ⅰ interferon signaling pathway. Specific GO terms were found such as cellular response to interleukin-1, interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway, growth factor activity, and acute-phase response from each DEG set, respectively. It suggested tonsil responded to protect itself from PRRSV infection but further study is required to understand PRRSV persistence in tonsils.
PSVI-32 Comparison on effect of antibiotic supplementation between fast-growing yellow-feathered broilers and Arbor Acres broilers
Authors: sha tian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to find out the regular pattern and difference of intestinal development between Arbor Acres broilers and yellow-feathered broilers in different periods. A total of 240 one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers and Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted into 4 groups for each group consisting of 6 replicates with 10 birds per replicate. The two control groups were fed corn-soybean-based diets, and the two antibiotic groups were fed the based diets with 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline. The experimental period lasted for 42d. The results showed as follows: 1) Compared with the control group, the addition of antibiotics significantly increased the FBW and ADG of broilers, but had no significant effect on F/G. And there were no interaction between breeds and antibiotics. 2) At 21 days, there were no significant difference in the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of jejunum and cecum among all groups. At 42 days, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in jejunum of Arbor Acres broilers was significantly lower than that of yellow-feathered broilers, while that in cecum was significantly higher than that of yellow-feather broilers. The effects of antibiotics were not significant, and there were no interaction between breeds and antibiotics. 3) There were no significant difference in the antioxidant index of jejunum between the two breeds. Compared with the control group, the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the antibiotic group were significantly increased, so does the total antioxidant capacity. And there were no interaction between breeds and antibiotics. However, the activity of catalase, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl content in cecum had interaction between breeds and antibiotics. In conclusion, the intestinal development of different breeds of broilers was different, and the time and location of antibiotic action were also different. In actual production, antibiotics should be used scientifically and rationally.