bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Features of obtaining cellulose from flax straw by peroxide acetate method of cooking
Authors: Арсеньева Д.Ю. , Казаков Я.В. , Окулова Е.О. 
Published: September 2020

Рассмотрены свойства целлюлозы, полученной из костры льна – отходов льняного производства пероксидно-ацетатным методом. Изучено влияние концентрации основного реагента на результаты варки. Костру льна с содержанием целлюлозы 38,5%, лигнина 15%, зольностью 4,1% варили в лабораторных условиях при гидромодуле 7,5 : 1, 6,25 : 1, 5,0 : 1. Для варки использовали препарат надуксусной кислоты (НУК) с концентрацией 15%. Условия варки регулировали изменением общего объема варочного раствора соотношением НУК : вода 1 : 0 и 2 : 1. В полученных образцах определены химические, структурно-морфологические и гигроскопические свойства по стандартным методикам. Установлено, что использование пероксидно- ацетатного способа варки целлюлозы из костры льна позволяет в одну ступень получить полуфабрикат с выходом 52%, белизной до 78%, зольностью 0,6% и числом Каппа на уровне 2–3 единиц. Разбавление варочного раствора в соотношении НУК : вода 2 : 1 приводит к получению продукта с пониженным выходом (34%), белизной (75%) и повышенной зольностью (1,5%). Снижение гидромодуля до 6,25 : 1 позволяет снизить расход НУК на варку на 44% и способствует улучшению качественных показателей льняной целлюлозы – уменьшению содержания лигнина, снижению зольности до 0,8%, сохранению средней длины волокна и увеличению водоудерживающей способности.
The paper discusses the properties of cellulose obtained from flax fires – waste flax production, by using peroxide-acetate method. The influence of the concentration of the main reagent on the results of cooking was studied. Flax fire with a cellulose content of 38.5%, lignin content 15%, ash content of 4.1% was cooked under laboratory conditions at a liquor ratio of 7.5 : 1, 6.25 : 1, 5.0 : 1. The peracetic acid (NAA) with a concentration of 15% was used for cooking. Cooking conditions were regulated by changing the total volume of the cooking solution by the ratio of NAA : water 1 : 0 and 2 : 1. In the obtained samples, chemical, structural-morphological and hygroscopic properties were determined by standard methods. It has been established that the use of the peroxide-acetate pulping method from flax fires makes it possible to obtain a semi- finished product in one step with a yield of 52%, whiteness up to 78%, ash content of 0.6% and a kappa number of 2-3 units. Dilution of the cooking solution in the ratio of NAA : water 2 : 1 results in a product with a reduced yield of 34%, a whiteness of 75% and an increased ash content of 1.5%. Reducing the liquor module to 6.25 : 1 reduces the consumption of NAA for cooking by 44% and contributes to improving the quality indicators of flax pulp – reducing the lignin content, reducing ash content to 0.8%, maintaining the average fiber length and increasing water-holding capacity.
Optimization of the organization of the forest road construction
Authors: Мохамед А.Х. , Тюрин Н.А. 
Published: September 2020

Основной целью работы является оптимизация использования машин для земляных работ в строительстве лесных дорог по критерию минимума приведенных расходов, путем оптимального распределения комплектов машин по объектам строительства при условии возможности аренды какихлибо дополнительных машин. Создана экономикоматематическая модель расчета эффективной структуры парка машин с точки зрения системы производственной эксплуатации, которая складывается из эффектов всех специализированных комплектов машин и эффекта от передачи машин парка в аренду. Учет возможности передачи или получения техники в аренду позволяет улучшить техникоэкономические показатели эксплуатации парка машин. Результаты работы могут быть востребованы лесозаготовительными и дорожностроительными предприятиями в период проектирования производства земляных работ, обновления машинных парков, а также при выборе наилучшего варианта использования имеющегося парка, прогнозирования продолжительности и стоимости ведения механизированных работ.
The main purpose of this work is to optimize the earthmoving machinery utilization in the forest road construction, by minimize the operating cost. That goal may achieve by the optimal distribution of the machine combination in the construction sites, with the ability of renting additional machines. Economical mathematical model has been developed for calculating the effective structure of the machine group to achieve the required productivity. The possibility of hire and rent machines allows the manager to improve the technical economic decision for the machines operation. By using the developed model it can gives good results to having better decisions for planning and designing the earth working operations in the road construction companies, renovation of the machine parks, as well as the choosing the best option for using the existing machine combination, predicting the duration and predicting the cost of the whole work.
Using remote sensing for monitoring of reforestation in boreal forest
Authors: Карпов А.А. , Богданов А.П. , Пирцхалава-Карпова Н.Р. , Демина Н.А. 
Published: September 2020

Оценка лесовосстановления по спутниковым снимкам и создание системы мониторинга является важной задачей на сегодняшний день. Российские и зарубежные ученые проводят исследования в этом направлении, но анализ лесовосстановления является сложной темой исследования в отличие от выявления вырубок и гарей по спутниковым снимкам. Лесовосстановление также является сложным, многофакторным процессом, зависящим от множества факторов. Данная статья описывает мировой опыт создания различных методик для мониторингалесовосстановления, используя различные подходы анализа данных и сенсоры, установленные на спутниках. В рамках статьи рассмотрено применение оптических, радарных снимков и данных, полученных с лидарных сенсоров. Это попытка структурировать накопленный опыт в данной сфере и сгруппировать разработанные методики для анализа их преимуществ и недостатков. Тип сенсора определяет длительность периода мониторинга. Радарные данные позволяют определять процесс лесовосстановления до 60 лет в отличие от оптических сенсоров, которые имеют значительно меньший период оценки лесовосстановления. Применение радарных данных может быть ограничено стоимостью работы и сложностью обработки радарных данных, поэтому использование тех или иных методик может иметь финансовые ограничения. Данный обзор показывает все основные методы оценки лесовосстановления.
Assessment of reforestation using satellite images and creation of a monitoring system is an important task today. Russian and foreign scientists are conducting research in this direction, but the analysis of reforestation is a complex topic of research in contrast to the detection of cuttings and burned areas by satellite images. The process of reforestation is a complex, multi-factor process depending on many factors. This article describes the world experience of creating different methods for monitoring forest regeneration and uses different approaches to data analysis and sensors installed on satellites. In the framework of article was considered using of optical, radar images and data obtained from lidar sensors. This is an attempt to structure the accumulated experience in this field and group the developed methods to analyze their advantages and disadvantages. Data from different sensors have different monitoring period. Radar data allow determining the process of reforestation up to 60 years in contrast to optical sensors, which have a much shorter period of reforestation assessment. The using of radar data were limited by the cost of operation and complexity of radar data processing and using of certain techniques may have financial limitations. This review showed all the main methods of assessment of reforestation.
Практический метод исследования водородных связей в бумаге
Authors: Shabiev R.O. , Smolin A.S. , Ivanov-Omskii V. I. , Zvonaryova T.K. , Trapeznikova I.N. 
Published: September 2020

The knowledge of principles of hydrogen bonding build-up during stock preparation is useful additional information for better control of refined pulp. Nevertheless, there is no wide accepted, accurate and quick method to investigate these interactions regarding pulp refining. The principal objective of this paper was to describe the rapid method of non-destructive analysis of handsheets by FTIR spectroscopy in the region of absorption frequencies of hydroxyl groups and interpretation of the results obtained. The proposed method is based on deconvolution of handsheets FTIR spectrum into four Gaussian bands. The calculated energy of hydrogen bonding was ranged from 2 to 25 kJ/mol. The bond energy was classified on weak, medium and strong ones corresponding to inter- or interfibre subtypes. The minimum requirement for handsheets being analyzed by proposed method was found as infrared transmission ranged between 0.10 and 0.50 in the range of 37003000 cm1. Although during investigation of the handsheets, normally more than 95 of incident light radiation was scattered and reflected, it did not restrict in obtaining clear and structured absorption spectra. In the case when the sheet transmission was 0.50 or 0.1 the share of strong hydrogen bonds was different, but it demonstrates the difference in the paper structure. This method might be recommended for pulp and paper stock quality mill control.
Знание принципов образования водородной связи при подготовке бумажной массы является полезной информацией для лучшего управления размолотой целлюлозы. Тем не менее не существует широко признанного, точного и быстрого метода для изучения этих взаимодействий по отношению к размолу целлюлозы. Основная цель представленного исследования заключается в описании быстрого неразрушающего метода анализа лабораторных образцов посредством ИК-Фурье-спектроскопии в области поглощения водородных групп и интерпретации полученных результатов. Предложенный метод основывается на деконволюции ИК-Фурье-спектров в четыре Гауссовы контура. Расчетная энергия водородных связей получилась в диапазоне от 2 до 25 кДж/моль. Энергия связи была классифицирована на слабые, средние и сильные связи, что соответствует меж- и внутрифибриллярным подвидам связи. Было определено, что минимальное требование к анализируемым лабораторным образцам для данного метода, это ИК-пропускание в диапазоне 37003000 cm1 от 0,1 до 0,5. Хотя во время анализа лабораторных образцов обычно более 95 подающего света рассеивается или отражается, это не ограничило в получении чистого и структурированного спектра поглощения. В случае, когда пропускание составило более 0,5 или менее 0,1 было обнаружено разное количество сильной связи, что показывает разницу в структуре бумаги. Предложенный метод может быть рекомендован для производственного контроля целлюлозы и массоподготовительных процессов при производстве бумаги.
O CONCEITO DE ENSINO MÉDIO INTEGRADO: UM CONFRONTO ENTRE DOCENTES LICENCIADOS E DOCENTES BACHARÉIS
Authors: Araújo Melo Sthéfany , Marques Welisson 
Published: September 2020

Resumo: O Ensino Médio Integrado (EMI) ao curso técnico convive com múltiplas interpretações entre os próprios profissionais da educação. Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa que objetivou investigar, por meio de entrevistas individuais com 16 docentes efetivos, a origem dessa dessemelhança do conceito de integração de ensino, na tentativa de descobrir se o tipo de graduação acadêmica (licenciatura ou bacharelado) dos docentes interfere na construção desse conceito. A base teórica deste artigo se apoiou em Ramos (2008), Ciavatta (2005) e Araújo e Frigotto (2015). Como resultado da pesquisa, identificamos que todos os 16 docentes interpretam, por um viés funcional, o conceito de integração de ensino da mesma maneira, ou seja, implementar a educação profissional harmoniosamente às disciplinas propedêuticas, tais como matemática, língua portuguesa, geografia, biologia e etc., de forma que o conhecimento para a vida e para o trabalho sejam construídos de forma indivisível. Por outro lado, em um viés holístico, apenas cinco docentes acreditam que a integração deva ser fundamental não somente no momento das escolhas metodológicas para a exposição dos conteúdos, mas também nas etapas de planejamento e avaliação, por exemplo, entendendo o curso como integrado por completo.
Palavras-chave: Ensino Médio Integrado. Formação integrada. Licenciatura. Bacharelado. Concepção.
CURRÍCULO INTEGRADO E FORMAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL NO PROEJA: CONCEPÇÕES ACERCA DO ENSINO POR ÁREA DO CONHECIMENTO
Authors: Da Silva Franciele Fernandes , Marques Marília Wortmann , Keske Cátia 
Published: September 2020

Este trabalho discute questões que permeiam a oferta de Ensino Médio integrado ao PROEJA, no IFFar. Em perspectiva qualitativa, a pesquisa foi desenvolvida em meio à realização de um Estágio da Licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas, com uma turma do Curso Técnico em Edificações Integrado PROEJA. Objetivando problematizar a integração entre Educação Profissional e Ensino Médio e a organização curricular por áreas do conhecimento, o estudo contou com uma entrevista semiestruturada com alunos do curso, para produção de dados, analisados sob as premissas da Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD). Os subsídios teóricos se constituem de documentos legais e institucionais sobre a temática e autores que trabalham com a articulação entre educação e trabalho, formação de professores e processos de ensino e aprendizagem de jovens e adultos. Por meio de categorização, conforme a ATD, foram identificadas concepções de estudantes acerca do processo de ensino e aprendizagem de jovens e adultos e a relação dos conhecimentos da área básica com a técnica. Nesse contexto, a premissa elaborada é que jovens e adultos estudantes do PROEJA reconhecem a articulação entre a formação acadêmica e o mundo do trabalho, indicando que a organização curricular do seu curso tem embasamento nas concepções de currículo integrado.
HISTÓRIA E CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO NO ENSINO DE ESTEREOQUÍMICA: UMA PROPOSTA DE ABORDAGEM PARA O ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Raupp Daniele Trajano , Prochnow Tania Renata , Del Pino José Cláudio 
Published: September 2020

Os desafios do ensino de estereoquímica têm sido objeto de estudo há décadas. A resolução de problemas em nível tridimensional é considerada como umas das fontes de dificuldade. Além disso, a falta de motivação para a aprendizagem é uma barreira para o ensino de química. Buscando uma estratégia de ensino e tendo como aporte a Teoria dos Campos Conceituais, a qual pressupõe que um conceito se torna significativo para o sujeito a partir de uma variedade de situações, realizou-se um estudo de caso exploratório com estudantes de Ensino Médio Técnico em Química. O estudo relatado é um recorte de uma pesquisa de doutorado e aborda, exclusivamente, o impacto no nível de compreensão da área, mediante o uso de uma unidade didática, utilizando um enfoque nas questões históricas e contextuais. Utilizando o método misto e análise de conteúdo, constatou-se, por meio de pré e pós-testes, que o uso de unidade didática possibilitou aos estudantes a compreensão de uma variedade de situações, aumentando seu repertório de conhecimento, o que torna o conceito significativo e colabora para a motivação em sala de aula. Essa significação e motivação podem colaborar para o domínio do campo da estereoquímica e para superação das dificuldades exclusivas da área.
Os desafios do ensino de estereoquímica têm sido objeto de estudo há décadas. A resolução de problemas em nível tridimensional é considerada como umas das fontes de dificuldade. Além disso, a falta de motivação para a aprendizagem é uma barreira para o ensino de química. Buscando uma estratégia de ensino e tendo como aporte a Teoria dos Campos Conceituais, a qual pressupõe que um conceito se torna significativo para o sujeito a partir de uma variedade de situações, realizou-se um estudo de caso exploratório com estudantes de Ensino Médio Técnico em Química. O estudo relatado é um recorte de uma pesquisa de doutorado e aborda, exclusivamente, o impacto no nível de compreensão da área, mediante o uso de uma unidade didática, utilizando um enfoque nas questões históricas e contextuais. Utilizando o método misto e análise de conteúdo, constatou-se, por meio de pré e pós-testes, que o uso de unidade didática possibilitou aos estudantes a compreensão de uma variedade de situações, aumentando seu repertório de conhecimento, o que torna o conceito significativo e colabora para a motivação em sala de aula. Essa significação e motivação podem colaborar para o domínio do campo da estereoquímica e para superação das dificuldades exclusivas da área.
CLINICAL PROFILE OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS WITH GYNAECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN RURAL SOUTH INDIA
Authors: VANI NULAKATHATI , SRAVANI NISHADHAM , RAMYA THIPPESWAMY , RATHINAVELU MOHANRAJ , SUCHITRA MEKALA JYOTHI 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The purpose of the six months observational study is to evaluate the gynaecological problems of the adolescent girls, attending the gynaecological outpatient department of a secondary care referral healthcare facility in rural south India.
Methods: After ethical clearance, adolescent girls in the age group of 10-19 y having gynaecological problems, who had experienced at least 3 consecutive menstrual cycles, and who showed willingness towards study were included; and adolescent girls in 10-19 y age group having a pregnancy and its complications were excluded.
Results: Out of 161 adolescent girls, 46.01% belong to late adolescence with more distribution of gynaecological problems. The gynaecological problems majorly observed were menstrual disorder 59.63%, abdominal pain (11.18%), white discharge per vagina (9.94%), and 8.07% of heavy menstrual bleeding. The menstrual disorder complained with amenorrhea 40.63%, polymenorrhea 18.75%, and menorrhagia 16.67%. In our study, 26.09% and 32.3% of adolescent girls were anaemic and underweight, respectively.
Conclusion: In conclusion, our study showcased evidently that young adolescent girls are at higher risk of both gynaecological problems and menses disorders in the rural setting; for whom more amount of awareness to be parented and education of menstrual hygiene and hemodynamic effects has to be culminated through health education, for a future healthier nation.
Earthworm Abundance and Soil Characteristics Following Cocoa Waste and Manure Applications
Authors: Prastowo Erwin , Agustina Lina Dwi , Prayogo Cahyo 
Published: September 2020

Soil fertility level improvement in an environmentally friendlier way has been a key to provide a sustainable cocoa production. Earthworms, as decomposeragents in soil, may provide a sustainable way of improving soil fertility level. The objective of this study was to quantify top soil earthworm population andsome important soil characteristics, e.g. soil moisture, organic C, total N, and pH to see if there was any response observed due to different level and type oforganic waste applications. Their surface populations, i.e. at 5–10 cm depth, within cocoa circle were investigated with respect to different type of organic wasteapplications, i.e. cocoa pod waste, cocoa leaf waste, and sheep manure. For cocoa derived organic matter, the level of application was arranged at 5, 10, and 20 ton/ha to obtain an optimal condition at which the highest population of earthworm is obtained. A field investigation was performed at a square of 900 cm2 sizedarea, and extending down to 5–10 cm depth. Additionally, the effect of organic waste to top soil characteristics were also determined mainly to some importantparameters such as soil moisture, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and soil pH (H2O). Our analysis suggest that field heterogeneity condition may limit the conclusion, mainly related to the question of to what extent the effect of organic wastes to the changes in terms of soil characteristics. The application of organic wastes was able to increase the population of earthworms. Their highest abundance was obtained following the application of cocoa pod at 20 ton/ha, which was about 5 times higher than the population in the control.
Profecia autorrealizável e o novo normal pós-coronavirus
Authors: Araújo Uajará Pessoa , Bernardino Crystyane Ferreira 
Published: September 2020

Alicerçada em evidências oferecidas pela literatura, acolhe-se como ponto de partida teórico a proposição que as especulações podem tornar-se autorrealizáveis. Portanto, haveria mérito em estudar as especulações mais atuais, de ordem social e econômica, associadas com o coronavírus que assola o país – objetivo declarado deste trabalho; na medida em que parte do futuro pode estar sendo construído pelo consumo dessas previsões. Subordinando o trabalho à concepção subjetiva da realidade, ele foi conformado como qualitativo, descritivo, transversal, documental, à partir de matérias sobre o “Novo Normal” publicadas no jornal Folha de São Paulo, como fonte de dados que, tratados, passaram pela análise de conteúdo. Concluiu-se que há um conjunto significativo de matérias especulativas que apenas usam o Novo Normal como âncora para oferecer proposições que estariam em pauta mesmo sem a pandemia, por exemplo, a agenda socioambiental ou o uso intensificado de bicicletas. Como regra, as especulações são imprecisas, sem a preocupação de oferecer marcos temporais. São tecnicamente questionáveis ao não considerar cenários relevantes e prováveis, como a descoberta da vacina e de tratamentos eficazes ou de recrudescimento da pandemia pelo surgimento de cepa mais contagiosa e letal. Mas, independentemente de tais objeções, tais especulações não podem ser descartadas, pois estão sendo ventiladas e podem se tornar fato, não por estarem certas a priori, e sim, porque pessoas podem balizar seu comportamento nelas.
How Incomplete Information of Team Member Contributions Affects Subsequent Contributions: The Moderating Role of Social Value Orientation
Authors: Thomas Tyler F. , Thornock Todd A. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
This study investigates how team members' social value orientation (SVO) affects their contributions to a team project when different types of information about other team members' effort is known. Specifically, we examine the team contributions made by proselfs and prosocials after they learn either the input provided or output achieved by other team members. Proselfs subsequently contributed less following input information compared to output information because they can use input information opportunistically to justify their own lower contributions. Conversely, prosocials contributed more after receiving input information compared to output information because they perceive input information as being more psychologically meaningful. Finally, proself teams with output information perform similarly to prosocial teams with either type of information. These findings provide insight into how information about team member contributions and SVO affects individuals' subsequent team contributions, and how output information can help mitigate proselfs' free-riding tendencies and improve team performance.