bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EDDAMAP: efficient data-dependent approach for monitoring asymptomatic patient
Authors: Adu-Gyamfi Daniel , Zhang Fengli , Kwansah Ansah Albert Kofi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
A pandemic affects healthcare delivery and consequently leads to socioeconomic complications. During a pandemic, a community where there lives an asymptomatic patient (AP) becomes a potential endemic zone. Assuming we want to monitor the travel and/or activity of an AP in a community where there is a pandemic. Presently, most monitoring algorithms are relatively less efficient to find a suitable solution as they overlook the continuous mobility instances and activities of the AP over time. Conversely, this paper proposes an EDDAMAP as a compelling data-dependent technique and/or algorithm towards efficient continuous monitoring of the travel and/or activity of an AP.

Methods
In this paper, it is assumed that an AP is infected with a contagious disease in which the EDDAMAP technique exploits a GPS-enabled mobile device by tagging it to the AP along with its travel within a community. The technique further examines the Spatio-temporal trajectory of the AP to infer its spatial time-bounded activity. The technique aims to learn the travels of the AP and correlates them to its activities to derive some classes of point of interests (POIs) in a location. Further, the technique explores the natural occurring POIs via modelling to identify some regular stay places (SP) and present them as endemic zones. The technique adopts concurrent object feature localization and recognition, branch and bound formalism and graph theory to cater for the worst error-guaranteed approximation to obtain a valid and efficient query solution and also experiments with a real-world GeoLife dataset to confirm its performance.

Results
The EDDAMAP technique proofs a compelling technique towards efficient monitoring of an AP in case of a pandemic.

Conclusions
The EDDAMAP technique will promote the discovery of endemic zones and hence some public healthcare facilities can rely on it to facilitate the design of patient monitoring system applications to curtail a global pandemic.
Can natural language processing help differentiate inflammatory intestinal diseases in China? Models applying random forest and convolutional neural network approaches
Authors: Tong Yuanren , Lu Keming , Yang Yingyun , Li Ji , Lin Yucong , Wu Dong , Yang Aiming , Li Yue , Yu Sheng , Qian Jiaming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Differentiating between ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) using endoscopy is challenging. We aimed to realize automatic differential diagnosis among these diseases through machine learning algorithms.

Methods
A total of 6399 consecutive patients (5128 UC, 875 CD and 396 ITB) who had undergone colonoscopy examinations in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2008 to November 2018 were enrolled. The input was the description of the endoscopic image in the form of free text. Word segmentation and key word filtering were conducted as data preprocessing. Random forest (RF) and convolutional neural network (CNN) approaches were applied to different disease entities. Three two-class classifiers (UC and CD, UC and ITB, and CD and ITB) and a three-class classifier (UC, CD and ITB) were built.

Results
The classifiers built in this research performed well, and the CNN had better performance in general. The RF sensitivities/specificities of UC-CD, UC-ITB, and CD-ITB were 0.89/0.84, 0.83/0.82, and 0.72/0.77, respectively, while the values for the CNN of CD-ITB were 0.90/0.77. The precisions/recalls of UC-CD-ITB when employing RF were 0.97/0.97, 0.65/0.53, and 0.68/0.76, respectively, and when employing the CNN were 0.99/0.97, 0.87/0.83, and 0.52/0.81, respectively.

Conclusions
Classifiers built by RF and CNN approaches had excellent performance when classifying UC with CD or ITB. For the differentiation of CD and ITB, high specificity and sensitivity were achieved as well. Artificial intelligence through machine learning is very promising in helping unexperienced endoscopists differentiate inflammatory intestinal diseases.

Conference
The abstract of this article has won the first prize of the Young Investigator Award during the Asian Pacific Digestive Week (APDW) 2019 held in Kolkata, India.
Components of antenatal care received by women in fishing communities on Lake Victoria, Uganda; a cross sectional survey
Authors: Ssetaala Ali , Nabawanuka Joan , Matovu Gideon , Nakiragga Nusula , Namugga Judith , Nalubega Phiona , Kaluuma Henry Lutalo , Chinyenze Kundai , Perehudoff Katrina , Michielsen Kristien , Bagaya Bernard , Price Matt , Kiwanuka Noah , Degomme Olivier 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Uganda has one of the highest maternal deaths at a ratio of 336 per 100,000 live births. As Uganda strives to achieve sustainable development goals, appropriate antenatal care is key to reduction of maternal mortality. We explored women’s reported receipt of seven of the Uganda guidelines components of antenatal care, and associated factors in hard to reach Lake Victoria island fishing communities of Kalangala district.

Methods
A cross sectional survey among 486 consenting women aged 15–49 years, who were pregnant at any time in the past 6 months was conducted in 6 island fishing communities of Kalangala district, Uganda, during January–May 2018. Interviewer administered questionnaires, were used to collect data on socio-demographics and receipt of seven of the Uganda guidelines components of antenatal care. Regression modeling was used to determine factors associated with receipt of all seven components.

Results
Over three fifths (65.0%) had at least one ANC visit during current or most recent pregnancy. Fewer than a quarter of women who reported attending care at least four times received all seven ANC components [(23.6%), P < 0.05]. Women who reported receipt of ANC from the mainland were twice as likely to have received all seven components as those who received care from islands (aOR = 1.8; 95% CI:0.9–3.7). Receipt of care from a doctor was associated with thrice likelihood of receiving all components relative to ANC by a midwife or nurse (aOR = 3.2; 95% CI:1.1–9.1).

Conclusions
We observed that the delivery of antenatal care components per Ugandan guidelines is poor in these communities. Cost effective endeavors to improve components of antenatal care received by women are urgently needed. Task shifting some components of ANC to community health workers may improve care in these island communities.

Trial registration
PACTR201903906459874 (Retrospectively registered).
Development of a double-recombinant antibody sandwich ELISA for quantitative detection of epsilon toxoid concentration in inactivated Clostridium perfringens vaccines
Authors: Alibeiki Maryam , Golchin Mehdi , Tabatabaei Mohammad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Epsilon toxin (ETX) causes a commonly fatal enterotoxemia in domestic animals. Also, ETX causes serious economic losses to animal husbandry. In this study, we selected several clones against ETX using repertoires displayed on filamentous phage. Anti-ETX specific clones were enriched by binding to immobilized antigen, followed by elution and re-propagation of phage. After multiple rounds of binding selection, ELISA analysis showed that most isolated clones had high affinity and specificity for ETX.

Results
Two recombinant monoclonal antibodies against ETX were isolated by phage display technology. B1 phage VH antibody isolated from DAb library and G2 soluble scFv antibody isolated from Tomlinson I + J libraries have been applied as the capture and detection antibodies for developing an ETX sandwich ELISA test, respectively.

Conclusions
Designed ETX sandwich ELISA could be a valuable tool for quantitative detection of ETX in inactivated commercial vaccines against enterotoxemia.

Graphical abstract
The impact of triglyceride-glucose index on incident cardiovascular events during 16 years of follow-up: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Authors: Barzegar Niloofar , Tohidi Maryam , Hasheminia Mitra , Azizi Fereidoun , Hadaegh Farzad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
To investigate whether the Triglyceride-Glucose index (TyG-index) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD)/coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods
A total of 7521 Iranians aged ≥ 30 years (male = 3367) were included in the study. Multivariate Cox regression analyses (adjusted for age, gender, waist circumference, body mass index, educational level, smoking status, physical activity, family history of CVD, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipid lowering drugs) were used to assess the risk of incident CVD/CHD across quintiles and for 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in the TyG-index. The cut off point for TyG-index was assessed by the minimum value of $$\sqrt {\left( {1 - sensitivity} \right)^{2} + \left( {1 - specificity} \right)^{2} }$$

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. We also examined the added value of the TyG-index in addition to the Framingham risk score when predicting CVD.

Results
During follow-up, 1084 cases of CVD (male = 634) were recorded. We found a significant trend of TyG-index for incident CVD/CHD in multivariate analysis (both Ps for tend ≤ 0.002). Moreover, a 1-SD increase in TyG-index was associated with significant risk of CVD/CHD in multivariate analysis [1.16 (1.07–1.25) and 1.19 (1.10–1.29), respectively]. The cut-off value of TyG-index for incident CVD was 9.03 (59.2% sensitivity and 63.2% specificity); the corresponding value of TyG-index for incident CHD was 9.03 (60.0% sensitivity and 62.8% specificity), respectively. Although no interaction was found between gender and TyG-index for CVD/CHD in multivariate analysis (both Ps for interaction > 0.085), the significant trend of TyG-index was observed only among females for incident CVD (P = 0.035). A significant interaction was found between age groups (i.e. ≥ 60 vs < 60 years) and TyG-index for CVD outcomes in the multivariate model (P-value for interaction = 0.046). Accordingly, a significant association between the TyG-index and outcomes was found only among the younger age group. Among the population aged < 60 the addition of TyG-index to the Framingham risk score (FRS) did not show improvement in the predictive ability of the FRS, using integrated discrimination improvement.

Conclusion
The TyG-index is significantly associated with increased risk of CVD/CHD incidence; this issue was more prominent among the younger population. However, adding TyG-index to FRS does not provide better risk prediction for CVD.
Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 regulates oxaliplatin-resistance via miR-324-3p/ADAM17 axis in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Fan Changru , Yuan Qiulan , Liu Guifeng , Zhang Yuliang , Yan Maojun , Sun Qingxu , Zhu Chaoyu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most general malignant tumors. Accumulating evidence implied that long non-coding RNA Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) participated in the tumorigenesis of CRC. However, the effect of MALAT1 in drug-resistance needed to be further illustrated.

Methods
Levels of MALAT1, microRNA (miR)-324-3p, and a disintegrin and metalloprotease metallopeptidase domain 17 (ADAM17) were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or western blot assay. Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) was used to assess the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of oxaliplatin (Ox). Meanwhile, cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8, transwell assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. The interaction between miR-324-3p and MALAT1 or ADAM17 was clarified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Also, the effect of MALAT1 on tumor growth was detected in xenograft tumor mice treated with Ox.

Results
Significant up regulation of MALAT1 and ADAM17, and decrease of miR-324-3p were observed in Ox-resistant CRC tissues and cells. MALAT1 deficiency enhanced the sensitivity of Ox-resistant CRC cells response to Ox, while miR-324-3p repression or ADAM17 acceleration could overturn this effect. Moreover, MALAT1 silencing repressed tumor growth in Ox-treated nude mice. Mechanically, MALAT1 exerted promotion effect on the resistance response to Ox via miR-324-3p/ADAM17 axis in Ox-resistant CRC cells.

Conclusion
MALAT1 modulated the sensitivity of Ox through ADAM17 in Ox-resistant CRC cells by sponging miR-324-3p, thus MALAT1 might serve as a novel insight for the therapy of CRC.
Identification and validation of methylation-driven genes prognostic signature for recurrence of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Cui Jie , Wang Liping , Zhong Waisheng , Chen Zhen , Chen Jie , Yang Hong , Liu Genglong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Recurrence remains a major obstacle to long-term survival of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). We conducted a genome-wide integrated analysis of methylation and the transcriptome to establish methylation-driven genes prognostic signature (MDGPS) to precisely predict recurrence probability and optimize therapeutic strategies for LSCC.

Methods
LSCC DNA methylation datasets and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) dataset were acquired from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). MethylMix was applied to detect DNA methylation-driven genes (MDGs). By univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, five genes of DNA MDGs was developed a recurrence-free survival (RFS)-related MDGPS. The predictive accuracy and clinical value of the MDGPS were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and decision curve analysis (DCA), and compared with TNM stage system. Additionally, prognostic value of MDGPS was validated by external Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. According to 5 MDGs, the candidate small molecules for LSCC were screen out by the CMap database. To strengthen the bioinformatics analysis results, 30 pairs of clinical samples were evaluated by digoxigenin-labeled chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH).

Results
A total of 88 DNA MDGs were identified, and five RFS-related MDGs (LINC01354, CCDC8, PHYHD1, MAGEB2 and ZNF732) were chosen to construct a MDGPS. The MDGPS can effectively divide patients into high-risk and low-risk group, with the area under curve (AUC) of 0.738 (5-year RFS) and AUC of 0.74 (3-year RFS). Stratification analysis affirmed that the MDGPS was still a significant statistical prognostic model in subsets of patients with different clinical variables. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated the efficacy of MDGPS appears independent of other clinicopathological characteristics. In terms of predictive capacity and clinical usefulness, the MDGPS was superior to traditional TNM stage. Additionally, the MDGPS was confirmed in external LSCC cohorts from GEO. CMap matched the 9 most significant small molecules as promising therapeutic drugs to reverse the LSCC gene expression. Finally, CISH analysis in 30 LSCC tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues revealed that MAGEB2 has significantly higher expression of LSCC compared to adjacent non-neoplastic tissues; LINC01354, CCDC8, PHYHD1, and ZNF732 have significantly lower expression of LSCC compared to adjacent non-neoplastic tissues, which were in line with bioinformatics analysis results.

Conclusion
A MDGPS, with five DNA MDGs, was identified and validated in LSCC patients by combining transcriptome and methylation datasets analysis. Compared TNM stage alone, it generates more accurate estimations of the recurrence prediction and maybe offer novel research directions and prospects for individualized treatment of patients with LSCC.
Variation in Anopheles distribution and predictors of malaria infection risk across regions of Madagascar
Authors: Arisco Nicholas J. , Rice Benjamin L. , Tantely Luciano M. , Girod Romain , Emile Gauthier N. , Randriamady Hervet J. , Castro Marcia C. , Golden Christopher D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Deforestation and land use change is widespread in Madagascar, altering local ecosystems and creating opportunities for disease vectors, such as the Anopheles mosquito, to proliferate and more easily reach vulnerable, rural populations. Knowledge of risk factors associated with malaria infections is growing globally, but these associations remain understudied across Madagascar’s diverse ecosystems experiencing rapid environmental change. This study aims to uncover socioeconomic, demographic, and ecological risk factors for malaria infection across regions through analysis of a large, cross-sectional dataset.

Methods
The objectives were to assess (1) the ecological correlates of malaria vector breeding through larval surveys, and (2) the socioeconomic, demographic, and ecological risk factors for malaria infection in four ecologically distinct regions of rural Madagascar. Risk factors were determined using multilevel models for the four regions included in the study.

Results
The presence of aquatic agriculture (both within and surrounding communities) is the strongest predictive factor of habitats containing Anopheles larvae across all regions. Ecological and socioeconomic risk factors for malaria infection vary dramatically across study regions and range in their complexity.

Conclusions
Risk factors for malaria transmission differ dramatically across regions of Madagascar. These results may help stratifying current malaria control efforts in Madagascar beyond the scope of existing interventions.
Evaluating the potential of using urine and saliva specimens for malaria diagnosis in suspected patients in Ghana
Authors: Aninagyei Enoch , Abraham Joseph , Atiiga Paul , Antwi Shadrach Duodu , Bamfo Stephen , Acheampong Desmond Omane 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
This study aimed at detecting PfHRP2 and pLDH malaria antigens in urine and salivary specimens of suspected malaria patients using RDT kits, and identifying factors influencing the detection of these antigens.

Methods
Malaria rapid test kit (SD Bioline RDT kit) was used to detect malaria antigens, PfHRP2 and pLDH, in blood, urine and saliva samples received from patients suspected of malaria. Subsequently, malaria parasitaemia was determined. From the same patients, body temperature readings and haemoglobin concentrations were recorded. Also, micro-haematuria and saliva occult blood were determined. Relative to blood, the sensitivities and the performance of urine and saliva as alternative samples were evaluated.

Results
A total of 706 suspected malaria patients provided all three specimens. Prevalence of malaria by microscopy and RDT was 44.2% and 53.9%, respectively. Compared to blood, the sensitivities of urine and saliva were 35.2% and 57.0% respectively. Haemoglobin concentration < 9.9 g/dL, body temperature > 38.7 °C and occult blood influenced the detection of malaria antigens in both urine and saliva. Furthermore, the antigens were not detected in urine and saliva when parasitaemia was < 60,000 parasites/µL and < 40,000 parasites/µL, respectively.

Conclusion
Saliva, with or without blood contamination, was found to be more efficient that urine samples. Therefore these non-blood specimens have the potential to be used as non-invasive samples for malaria diagnosis. However, this approach is useful in severe to moderate anaemia, hyperthermia, parasitaemia > 60,000 parasites/µL and samples contaminated with blood.
Unmet mental health needs in the general population: perspectives of Belgian health and social care professionals
Authors: Rens Eva , Dom Geert , Remmen Roy , Michielsen Joris , Van den Broeck Kris 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
An unmet mental health need exists when someone has a mental health problem but doesn’t receive formal care, or when the care received is insufficient or inadequate. Epidemiological research has identified both structural and attitudinal barriers to care which lead to unmet mental health needs, but reviewed literature has shown gaps in qualitative research on unmet mental health needs. This study aimed to explore unmet mental health needs in the general population from the perspective of professionals working with vulnerable groups.

Methods
Four focus group discussions and two interviews with 34 participants were conducted from October 2019 to January 2020. Participants’ professional backgrounds encompassed social work, mental health care and primary care in one rural and one urban primary care zone in Antwerp, Belgium. A topic guide was used to prompt discussions about which groups have high unmet mental health needs and why. Transcripts were coded using thematic analysis.

Results
Five themes emerged, which are subdivided in several subthemes: (1) socio-demographic determinants and disorder characteristics associated with unmet mental health needs; (2) demand-side barriers; (3) supply-side barriers; (4) consequences of unmet mental health needs; and (5) suggested improvements for meeting unmet mental health needs.

Conclusions
Findings of epidemiological research were largely corroborated. Some additional groups with high unmet needs were identified. Professionals argued that they are often confronted with cases which are too complex for regular psychiatric care and highlighted the problem of care avoidance. Important system-level factors include waiting times of subsidized services and cost of non-subsidized services. Feelings of burden and powerlessness are common among professionals who are often confronted with unmet needs. Professionals discussed future directions for an equitable mental health care provision, which should be accessible and targeted at those in the greatest need. Further research is needed to include the patients’ perspective of unmet mental health needs.
pH-responsive and hyaluronic acid-functionalized metal–organic frameworks for therapy of osteoarthritis
Authors: Xiong Feng , Qin Zainen , Chen Haimin , Lan Qiumei , Wang Zetao , Lan Nihan , Yang Yuan , Zheng Li , Zhao Jinmin , Kai Dan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDrug therapy of osteoarthritis (OA) is limited by the short retention and lacking of stimulus-responsiveness after intra-articular (IA) injection. The weak acid microenvironment in joint provides a potential trigger for controlled drug release systems in the treatment of OA. Herein, we developed an pH-responsive metal − organic frameworks (MOFs) system modified by hyaluronic acid (HA) and loaded with an anti-inflammatory protocatechuic acid (PCA), designated as MOF@HA@PCA, for the therapy of OA. Results demonstrated that MOF@HA@PCA could smartly respond to acidic conditions in OA microenvironment and gradually release PCA, which could remarkably reduce synovial inflammation in both IL-1β induced chondrocytes and the OA joints. MOF@HA@PCA also down-regulated the expression of inflammatory markers of OA and promoted the expression of cartilage-specific makers. This work may provide a new insight for the design of efficient nanoprobes for precision theranostics of OA.