bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Burn Size on Community Participation
Authors: Ryan Colleen M. , Shapiro Gabriel D. , Rencken Camerin A. , Griggs Cornelia L. , Jeng James C. , Hickerson William L. , Marino Molly , Goverman Jeremy , Kazis Lewis E. , Schneider Jeffrey C. ,   the LIBRE Advisory Board
Published: December 2020

Objective:
To assess the association of burn size and community participation as measured by the LIBRE Profile.

Summary of Background Data:
Burn size is an established clinical predictor of survival after burn injury. It is often a factor in guiding decisions surrounding early medical interventions; however, literature is inconclusive on its relationship to quality of life outcomes.

Methods:
This is a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey of adult burn survivors. Self-reported data were collected between October 2014 and December 2015 from 601 burn survivors aged ≥18 years with ≥5% total body surface area (TBSA) or burns to critical areas. Sociodemographic characteristics were compared between participants with small burns (≤40% TBSA burned) and large burns (>40% TBSA burned). Ordinary least squares regression models examined associations between burn size and LIBRE Profile scale scores with adjustments for sex, current work status, burns to critical areas, and time since burn injury.

Results:
The analytic sample comprised 562 participants with data available for burn size. 42% of respondents had large burns (>40% TBSA burned) and 58% reported smaller burns (TBSA ≤40%). In adjusted regression models, patients with large burns tended to score lower on the Social Activities and Work & Employment scales (P < 0.05) and higher on the Family & Friends scale (P < 0.05). Participants with burns >40% TBSA scored lower for several individual items in the Social Activities scale and one item in the Work & Employment scale (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Increasing burn size was found to be negatively associated with selected items of Work & Employment and Social Activities, but positively associated with aspects of Family & Friend Relationships. Future longitudinal studies are necessary to assess and understand the long-term social impact of burn injuries on adult populations.
Comparison of Patient Outcomes Among Integrated Residency Versus Fellowship-trained Vascular Surgeons
Authors: Smith Brigitte K. , Finlayson Samuel R.G. , Perler Bruce A. , Presson Angela P. , Allen Chelsea M. , Brooke Benjamin S. 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
This study aims to evaluate whether graduates of integrated vascular surgery residency (IVSR) programs achieve similar surgical outcomes in clinical practice as compared to graduates of vascular surgery fellowships (VSF).

Summary of Background Data:
Early sub-specialization through IVSR programs decreases the total years of surgical training. However, it is unclear whether IVSR graduates achieve comparable outcomes to fellowship-trained surgeons once in clinical practice.

Methods:
We identified all vascular surgeons who finished IVSR and VSF programs between 2013–2017 using American Board of Surgery data, which was linked to the Vascular Quality Initiative registry (2013–2019) to evaluate provider-specific clinical outcomes following carotid, lower extremity, and aortic aneurysm repair procedures. The association between training models and the composite outcome of 1-year mortality, major adverse cardiac events and/or other major complications were analyzed using mixed-effects logistic regression models.

Results:
A total of 338 surgeons (31% IVSR, 69% VSF) submitted cases into the Vascular Quality Initiative registry, including 8155 carotid, 21,428 lower extremity, and 5800 aortic aneurysm repair procedures. Composite 1-year outcome rates were comparable between IVSR and VSF-trained surgeons following carotid endarterectomy (8%-IVSR vs 7%-VSF), lower extremity revascularization (19%-IVSR vs 16%-VSF), and aortic aneurysm repair (13%-IVSR vs 13%-VSF) procedures. These findings among IVSR-trained surgeons persisted following risk adjustment for severity of patient disease and indications for undertaking carotid [aOR: 1.04 (0.84–1.28)], lower extremity [aOR: 1.03 (0.84–1.26)], and aortic [aOR: 0.96 (0.76–1.21)] procedures when compared to VSF-trained surgeons.

Conclusions:
Despite fewer total years of training, graduates of IVSR programs achieve equivalent surgical outcomes as fellowship-trained vascular surgeons once in practice. These results suggest that concerns about differential competence among integrated residency graduates are not warranted.
Postoperative Work and Activity Restrictions After Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Loor Michele M. , Shah Puja , Olavarria Oscar A. , Dhanani Naila , Franz Michael G. , Trautner Barbara W. , Liang Mike K. 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
This systematic review aims to assess what is known about convalescence following abdominal surgery. Through a review of the basic science and clinical literature, we explored the effect of physical activity on the healing fascia and the optimal timing for postoperative activity.

Background:
Abdominal surgery confers a 30% risk of incisional hernia development. To mitigate this, surgeons often impose postoperative activity restrictions. However, it is unclear whether this is effective or potentially harmful in preventing hernias.

Methods:
We conducted 2 separate systematic reviews using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The first assessed available basic science literature on fascial healing. The second assessed available clinical literature on activity after abdominal surgery.

Results:
Seven articles met inclusion criteria for the basic science review and 22 for the clinical studies review. The basic science data demonstrated variability in maximal tensile strength and time for fascial healing, in part due to differences in layer of abdominal wall measured. Some animal studies indicated a positive effect of physical activity on the healing wound. Most clinical studies were qualitative, with only 3 randomized controlled trials on this topic. Variability was reported on clinician recommendations, time to return to activity, and factors that influence return to activity. Interventions designed to shorten convalescence demonstrated improvements only in patient-reported symptoms. None reported an association between activity and complications, such as incisional hernia.

Conclusions:
This systematic review identified gaps in our understanding of what is best for patients recovering from abdominal surgery. Randomized controlled trials are crucial in safely optimizing the recovery period.
Physiological Effects of Exercising at Different Intensities Wearing TNT or Double-layer Cotton Facemasks Compared to Not Wearing a Mask
Authors: Braga Fabrício , Espinosa Gabriel , Monteiro Amanda , Marinho Beatriz , Drummond Eduardo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe compared the physiological differences between exercising wearing a TNT or a double-layer-cotton (DLC) facemask (FM) and not wearing a mask (NM). Sixteen volunteers underwent 4 sets (S) of 2 sequential bouts (B). B1 and B2 corresponded to light and moderate intensity cycling, respectively. FMs were used as follows: S1: NM; S2: TNT or DLC; S3: DLC or TNT; and S4: NM. Metabolic, pulmonary, and perceptual variables were collected. The main results are expressed as effect sizes and confidence intervals (ES [95%CI]) for TNT and DLC unless otherwise indicated. Compared to NM, FM increased the duty cycle (B1=1.11[0.58-1.61] and 1.53[0.81-2.18]; B2=1.27[0.63-1.84] and 1.93[0.97-2.68]) and decreased breath frequency (B1=0.59[0.23-0.94] and 1.43[0.79-2.07], B2=0.39[0.05-0.71] and 1.33[0.71-1.94]). Only B1 tidal volume increased (0.33[0.09-0.56] and 0.62[0.18-1.05]) enough to avoid a ventilation reduction with TNT but not with DLC (B1=0.52[0.23-0.79]; B2=0.84[0.44-1.22]). Both FMs reduced oxygen saturation in B1 (0.56 [0.07-1.03] and 0.69 [0.09-1.28]) but only DLC did so in B2 (0.66 [0.11-1.13]). Both end tidal CO2(B1=0.23[0.05-0.4] and 0.71[0.38-1.02]; B2=0.56[0.2-0.9] and 1.20[0.65-1.68]) and mixed-expired-CO2(B1=0.74[0.38-1.08] 1.71[1.03-2.37], B2=0.94[0.45-1.38] and 1.78[0.97-2.42]) increased with FMs. Ventilatory adaptations imposed during FM exercising influenced blood-lung gas exchange. Larger ESs were seen with DLC. No adverse changes to human health were observed.Novelty BulletsFacemasks affect the breathing pattern by changing the frequency and amplitude of pulmonary ventilation.The augmented ventilatory work increases VO2, VCO2, and RPE and promotes non-concerning drops in SpO2 and CO2 retention.Increased inspiratory and expiratory pressure can account for the reduction in pulmonary physiological dead space.
2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME)-based IATs or polybrene method mitigates the interference of anti-CD38 immunotherapy on blood compatibility tests
Authors: Zhou Ye , Chen Leiyu , Jiang Tianshu , Fan Liangfeng , Lei Hang , Wang Yuqing , Heililahong Hasiyati , Mi Jianqing , Du Danxin , Miao Tianhong , Xia Rong , Wang Xuefeng , Xiang Dong , Cai Xiaohong , Tang Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Treating red blood cells (RBCs) with dithiothreitol (DTT) is a wildly-recommended to overcome the interference of anti-CD38 immunotherapy with blood compatibility testing. Nevertheless, DTT can be hard to obtain in clinical laboratory, while its use in routine practice may be time-consuming. In the following study, we explored the feasibility of using a commercial 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) working solution or the time-saving polybrene method to mitigate the daratumumab (DARA) interference.

Materials and Methods
Antibody screening and cross-matching were performed using 2-ME or DTT-based indirect antiglobulin tests (IATs) and polybrene method (human IgG anti-E same IATs titer as DARA as positive control) on 37 samples, and these samples were from patients enrolled in the “Several methods resolve the interference of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody on blood compatibility tests” clinical trial (www.chictr.org.cn identifier: ChiCTR2000040761). Most clinically important blood group antigens on RBCs were detected after treatment with 2-ME or DTT. Hemoglobin values were compared after 69 units RBCs were transfused with compatible cross-matching results by a 2-ME-based method or polybrene test.

Results
Treating RBCs with 2-ME eliminates the DARA interference with the antibody screening or cross-matching; yet, K antigen is denatured during treatment. DARA with 2+ agglutinations of anti-E control does not interfere with antibody screening and cross-matching via polybrene method. After RBCs transfusion with a negative cross-matching test by 2-ME-based IATs or polybrene method, hemoglobin significantly increased without adverse transfusion reactions.

Conclusion
2-ME-based IATs or polybrene method could be used to mitigate DARA interference as DTT.
SIREN protocol: Impact of detectable anti-SARS-CoV-2 on the subsequent incidence of COVID-19 in 100,000 healthcare workers: do antibody positive healthcare workers have less reinfection than antibody negative healthcare workers?
Authors: Wallace S. , Hall V. , Charlett A. , Kirwan P.D. , Cole M.J. , Shrotri M. , Rokadiya S. , Oguti B. , Vusirikala A. , Zambon M. , Brooks T. , Ramsay M. , Brown C.S. , Chand M.A. , Hopkins S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe overall risk of reinfection in individuals who have previously had COVID-19 is unknown. To determine if prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (as determined by at least one positive commercial antibody test performed in a laboratory) in healthcare workers confers future immunity to reinfection, we are undertaking a large-scale prospective longitudinal cohort study of healthcare staff across the United Kingdom.MethodsPopulation and Setting: staff members of healthcare organisations working in hospitals in the UKAt recruitment, participants will have their serum tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 at baseline and using these results will be initially allocated to either antibody positive or antibody negative cohorts. Participants will undergo antibody and viral RNA testing at 1-4 weekly intervals throughout the study period, and based on these results may move between cohorts. Any results from testing undertaken for other reasons (e.g. symptoms, contact tracing etc.) or prior to study entry will also be included. Individuals will complete enrolment and fortnightly questionnaires on exposures and symptoms. Follow-up will be for at least 12 months from study entry.OutcomeThe primary outcome of interest is a reinfection with SARS -CoV-2 during the study period. Secondary outcomes will include incidence and prevalence (both RNA and antibody) of SARS-CoV-2, viral genomics, viral culture, symptom history and antibody/neutralising antibody titres.ConclusionThis large study will help us to understand the impact of the presence of antibodies on the risk of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2; the results will have substantial implications in terms of national and international policy, as well as for risk management of contacts of COVID-19 cases.Trial RegistrationIRAS ID 284460, HRA and Health and Care Research Wales approval granted 22 May 2020.
Creating an e-cohort of individuals with lived experience of homelessness and subsequent mortality in Wales, UK
Authors: Song Jiao , Grey Charlotte N.B. , Davies Alisha R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Homelessness is an extreme form of social exclusion, with homeless people experiencing considerable social and health inequities. Estimates of morbidity and mortality amongst homeless populations is limited due to the lack of recording of housing status across health datasets. The aim of this study is to: (1) identify a homelessness e-cohort by linking routine health data, and (2) explore whether a period of reported past homelessness, places this population at greater risk of morbidity and mortality.

Methods
Homelessness identified through linkage across primary, secondary care, and substance misuse datasets in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. Mortality was examined through linkage to the Office for National Statistics mortality data.

Results
E-cohort of 15,472 individuals with lived experience of homelessness identified. Of those, 21 individuals died between February and July 2020 from COVID-19. Those with lived experience of homelessness had increased mortality from many causes including COVID-19, i.e. accidents, liver diseases and suicides.

Conclusion
Linking multiple routine datasets provides a more comprehensive dataset of a marginalised population. Application of the cohort demonstrated that individuals with lived experience of homelessness have increased mortality from COVID-19 and other causes. The underlying reasons, health needs, and causes of death warrant further exploration.
Novel echocardiographic markers of elevated left ventricular filling pressure during diastolic stress testing
Authors: Verwerft Jan , Verbrugge Frederik H. , Claessen Guido , Herbots Lieven , Dendale Paul , Gevaert Andreas B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsDiastolic stress testing (DST) is recommended to confirm heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in patients with exertional dyspnea, but algorithms lack sensitivity. We aimed to identify additional echocardiographic markers of elevated pulmonary arterial wedge pressure during exercise (exPAWP) in patients referred for DST.Methods and ResultsWe analyzed 22 patients referred for exercise right heart catheterization with simultaneous echocardiography. We identified candidate parameters in patients with exPAWP ≥25 mmHg. Elevated exPAWP was present in 14 patients, and was best identified by peak septal systolic annular velocity on color Doppler (exS’, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.92-1.0) and mean pulmonary artery pressure/cardiac output slope (mPAP/CO, AUC 0.88 [0.72-1.0]). We propose a three-step decision tree to identify patients with elevated exPAWP. Applying this decision tree to 376 patients in an independent non-invasive DST cohort showed that patients labeled as ‘high probability of HFpEF’ had reduced peak oxygen uptake (12.8 (10.5-15.9) mL/kg/min, p<.001 vs intermediate/low probability), high H2FPEF score (55 (44-75)%, p<.007 vs intermediate/low probability), and typical clinical characteristics. The amount of inconclusive DST decreased from 80% using current recommendations, to 29% using the decision tree.ConclusionIn DST for suspected HFpEF, exS’ was the most accurate echocardiographic parameter to identify elevated PAWP. We propose a decision tree including exS’ and mPAP/CO for interpretation of DST. Application of this decision tree revealed typical HFpEF characteristics in patients labeled as high probability of HFpEF, and substantially reduced the amount of inconclusive results.
Household bubbles and COVID-19 transmission: insights from percolation theory
Authors: Danon Leon , Lacasa Lucas , Brooks-Pollock Ellen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the era of social distancing to curb the spread of COVID-19, bubbling is the combining of two or more households to create an exclusive larger group. The impact of bubbling on COVID-19 transmission is challenging to quantify because of the complex social structures involved.MethodsWe developed a network description of households in the UK, using the configuration model to link households. We explored the impact of bubbling scenarios by joining together households of various sizes. For each bubbling scenario, we calculated the percolation threshold, that is, the number of connections per individual required for a giant component to form, numerically and theoretically. We related the percolation threshold to the household reproduction number.ResultsWe find that bubbling scenarios in which single-person households join with another household has a minimal impact on network connectivity and transmission potential. Ubiquitous scenarios where all households form a bubble are likely to lead to extensive transmission that is hard to control. The impact of plausible scenarios, with variable uptake and heterogeneous bubble sizes, can be mitigated with reduced numbers of contacts outside the household.ConclusionsBubbling of households comes at an increased risk of transmission, however under certain circumstances risks can be modest and could be balanced by other changes in behaviours.
A Composite Index to Measure Family Planning Performance with Application to India
Authors: Chaurasia Aalok Ranjan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper develops a composite family planning performance index that takes into account the met demand for modern family planning methods and the structure of the met demand or the method mix. Application of the index to India suggests that, although, there has been an improvement in India’s family planning performance, yet it has remained poor throughout the period 1992 through 2016 and there are significant variation in the performance across states/Union Territories and across districts. The classification modelling exercise reveals that districts in India can be grouped into eight clusters in terms of family planning performance and both met demand for modern family planning methods and the structure of the met demand are essentially different in different clusters. The paper emphasises that family planning in the country must be promoted as a development strategy rather than an intervention to limit births.
The Wood Image Analysis and Dataset (WIAD): open-access visual analysis tools to advance the ecological data revolution
Authors: Rademacher Tim , Seyednasrollah Bijan , Basler David J. , Cheng Jian , Mandra Tessa , Miller Elise , Lin Zuid , Orwig David A. , Pederson Neil , Pfister Hanspeter , Wei Donglai , Yao Li , Richardson Andrew D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEcological data is collected and shared at an increasingly rapid pace, but it is often shared in inconsistent and untraceable processed forms. Images of wood contain a wealth of information such as colours and textures but are most commonly reduced to ring-width measurements before they can be shared in various common file formats. Archiving digital images of wood samples in libraries, that have been developed for ecological analysis and are publicly available, remains the exception.We developed the Wood Image Analysis and Dataset (WIAD) an open-source application including a web-interface to integrate basic visual analysis of wood samples, such as increment cores, thin sections or x-ray films, basic data processing, and archiving of the images and derived data to facilitate transparency and reproducibility in studies using visual characteristics of wood.WIAD provides user-friendly tools to manipulate images of wood samples, mark and measure wood characteristics such as growth increments, density fluctuations, early- and latewood widths, and fire scars, and to visualise, process, and archive images, metadata, and the derived data.WIAD constitutes a step towards the reproducible automation of tree-ring analysis, while establishing an open-source foundation to create improved community developed repositories which would enable novel ecological studies harnessing the wealth of existing visual data.
Biomarkers of Length of Stay on an Inpatient Eating Disorder Unit
Authors: Breiner Courtney E. , Qi Baiyu , Thornton Laura M. , Brownley Kimberly A. , Foreman Tonya , Bardone-Cone Anna M. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Baker Jessica H. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLength of stay on an inpatient unit for treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN) is widely variable. Although previous research has used anthropometric and clinical variables and duration of illness to predict length of stay, there has been limited investigation of the predictive ability of biomarkers. Biomarkers, including those collected through a comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) and appetite hormones, such as ghrelin and leptin, are impacted by disease presence and may play an etiological role in AN. Using a series of regression models, we evaluated the associations of these putative biomarkers with length of inpatient stay in 46 females receiving treatment on an inpatient eating disorder unit. Active ghrelin levels at inpatient admission positively predicted length of stay and alkaline phosphatase at discharge was significantly positively correlated with length of stay. This research provides further evidence supporting both biological and psychological components of AN, identifying potential biomarkers that could aid in prospective prediction of treatment needs. Further research is necessary to replicate and extend these findings across treatment settings.