bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unequal access to food during the nutritional transition: evidence from Mediterranean Spain†
Authors: Medina‐Albaladejo Francisco J. , Calatayud Salvador 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUnequal access to food is one of the main issues in nutritional history, but scarcity of sources has hampered the quantification of this phenomenon. This study uses hospital diets to address this gap. It uses records from between 1852 and 1923 concerning hospital diets in the psychiatric section of the Hospital General de Valencia (Spain), from which it is possible to infer the actual intake of nutrients for six groups of patients and members of staff. The results reveal considerable differences in terms of diet and nutrition. While the most favoured groups (nuns and well‐off patients) had by 1852 reduced their relative intake of cereals and increased that of meat, in line with the general trend of the nutritional transition, the poor and orphans were still behind the trend by 1923. Hospital staff were on a high‐calorie diet that was adequate for carrying out physically demanding tasks, yet still suffered from a significant deficit in nutrient intake. These inequalities indicate that the nutritional transition was an uneven and non‐linear process, with substantial differences according to social group.
Post fetal death development of endometrial cups in a Jenny donkey (Equus asinus)
Authors: Wilsher S. , De Rijck M. , Allen W. R. (Twink) 
Published: July 2020

SummarySerial ultrasound examinations of the gravid uterus of a Jenny donkey (Equus asinus) carrying a transferred extraspecies horse (Equus caballus) conceptus between 11 and 33 days of gestation demonstrated that the embryo died before Day 33 even though the conceptus persisted in the uterus and the horse chorionic girdle invaded the maternal endometrium to form a circle of typically large horse endometrial cups in the right uterine horn. The high concentrations of horse CG secreted by these cups with its higher than usual ratio of FSH‐like to LH‐like biological activities of 1.4 compared to the 0.1 ratio of normal donkey CG hyper‐stimulated the donkey’s ovaries to develop multiple large accessory follicles and resulting secondary corpora lutea which secreted high concentrations of progestagens that persisted in her bloodstream for the next 90 days. This case illustrated that, in all likelihood, girdle invasion can happen after the death of the embryo indicating autonomy of the chorionic girdle.
Fishing efficiency of competitive largemouth bass tournament anglers has increased since early 21st century
Authors: Detmer Thomas M. , Broadway Kyle J. , Parkos Joseph J. , Diana Matthew J. , Wahl David H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTournament fishing has risen in popularity over the last half a century. As such, social and financial incentives combined with technological advancements are expected to drive changes in angler's capacity to exploit tournament‐eligible fish stocks, as has been observed in commercial fisheries. The aim of this study was to quantify temporal trends in angler efficiency and their ability to exploit a given fish stock relative to effort in largemouth bass fishing tournaments. A collective analysis across seven Illinois reservoirs comparing change through time in angler catch rates and relative population abundances indicated that angler efficiency has generally improved through time. For the decade from 2005 to 2015, a greater than threefold increase in the efficiency of anglers to exploit a static population of largemouth bass was estimated. Anglers have become more efficient at exploiting populations, which is likely to influence management decisions in the future, particularly in harvest‐orientated fisheries and those reliant upon fishery‐dependent surveys.
Optimization of the decarbonizing ratio of boron carbide powders by reverse flotation using response surface methodology
Authors: Bai Yu , Sun Shuchen , Tu Ganfeng , Huang Xiaoxiao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFree carbon is the main impurity in boron carbide and has many side effects on the quality of boron carbide. In this study, reverse flotation was used for the first time to remove free carbon in boron carbide. The response surface methodology was utilized to optimize the reverse flotation factors, and the samples were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, laser particle size analyzer, and chemical analysis. The study results reveal that the main factors affecting the decarbonization ratio were slurry concentration, collector dosage, foaming agent dosage and pH value. Furthermore, the results also show that reverse flotation could be applied effectively to the removal of free carbon in boron carbide. Slurry concentration of 25.14%, collector dosage of 567.9 g/t, foaming agent dosage of 199.32 g/t and pH value of 8.4 were found to be the best conditions. Under the optimal conditions, the decarbonization ratio is 84.23%. Mass ratio of free carbon in boron carbide reduced from 2.98 to 0.47.
Management of chronic seromas: A novel surgical approach with the use of vacuum assisted closure therapy
Authors: Marangi Giovanni F. , Segreto Francesco , Morelli Coppola Marco , Arcari Lucrezia , Gratteri Marco , Persichetti Paolo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPostoperative seroma is a common complication of many surgical procedures in which anatomical dead space has been created. A particular case of lesion in which seroma occurs is the Morel‐Lavallée lesion (MLL), which is an uncommon closed soft‐tissue degloving injury that develops after high‐energy trauma or crush injury where shearing forces separate the subcutaneous tissue from the underlying fascia. The diagnostic evaluation begins with an adequate history and physical examination, followed by instrumental research with ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Postoperative seromas and MLLs share a similar pathology and natural evolution as both injuries, once chronic, develop a pseudobursa; thus, the authors think that the same treatment algorithm may be suitable for both the lesions. Several strategies for the treatment of post‐surgical and post‐traumatic seromas have been described in the literature, ranging from conservative measures for acute and small injuries to surgical management and sclerotherapy for chronic and large ones. Despite some seromas resolving with conventional management, lesion recurrence is a matter of concern. The authors present their experience in the treatment of both post‐surgical and post‐traumatic chronic seromas not responsive to conservative treatments by surgical drainage of the seroma, capsulectomy, and application of vacuum‐assisted closure therapy to allow granulation tissue formation, dead spaces obliteration, and wound healing. Primary wound closure with closed suction drain placement and an elastic compression bandaging are finally performed. From 2014 to 2019, a total of 15 patients (9 females and 6 males) were treated for recurrent chronic seromas with the proposed surgical approach. Five cases were MLLs, while 10 cases were postoperative seromas. The patients were between 33 and 79 years old, and they were followed up at 4 weeks and 3 and 6 months after surgery. All 15 patients with chronic seromas not responsive to conservative treatment showed a complete resolution of the lesions with the proposed treatment approach with no evidence of lesion recurrence, proving its effectiveness.
Transcriptome alterations of field‐evolved resistance in Pectinophora gossypiella against Bt Bollgard II cotton in India
Authors: Agrawal Aditi , Venkatesan Thiruvengadam , Ramasamy Gandhi Gracy , Ramesan Syamala Ramya , Muthugounder Mohan , Rai Anil 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPink bollworm (PBW), Pectinophora gossypiella, is one of the most destructive insect pests of cotton worldwide. In India, PBW has developed widespread resistance to the Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab toxins of Bt Bollgard II cotton. To understand the molecular mechanism of Bt resistance, the midgut transcriptome of an Indian strain of Bt‐susceptible (PBW‐BtS) and Bt‐resistant (PBW‐BtR) PBW larvae were sequenced using Illumina platform to identify the genes and pathways associated with Bt resistance. A total of 31,764 unique unigenes were assembled from all the four samples, and 1,741 unigenes were found to be differentially expressed between PBW‐BtS and PBW‐BtR, out of which 1,024 unigenes were down‐regulated and 717 were up‐regulated. Down‐regulated genes associated with already known Bt resistance genes in different organisms included APN, ABCA, ABCG8 and cadherin. On the other hand, unigenes related to metabolic resistance such as cytochrome P450, GST and carboxylesterase were up‐regulated in PBW‐BtR when compared with PBW‐BtS. Moreover, real‐time quantitative results of randomly selected genes confirmed the transcriptome response. This is the first comparative transcriptome study to identify the candidate genes involved in Bt BG II resistance in pink bollworm. We believe that the assembled and annotated transcriptome will serve as a valuable resource for future studies to discern the molecular basis of PBW Bollgard II resistance.
DO STOCK MARKET FLUCTUATIONS AFFECT SUICIDE RATES?
Authors: Wisniewski Tomasz Piotr , Lambe Brendan John , Shrestha Keshab 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, we extend the standard economic model of suicide by considering a new influential factor driving the voluntary death rate. Using an international sample, we estimate the model and document a robust and significant inverse relation between stock market returns and the percentage increase in suicide rates. Trends in male and female suicide are affected by market fluctuations, both contemporaneously and at a lag. This predictive quality of stock returns offers the potential to implement pro‐active suicide prevention strategies for those who could be affected by the vagaries of the market and general economic downturns.
Treating the tear trough‐eye bag complex: Treatment targets, treatment selection, and injection algorithms with case studies
Authors: Peng Hsien‐Li Peter , Peng Jui‐Hui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe tear trough is a commonly requested area for aesthetic correction, but is difficult to treat well, especially when concurrent with other deformities such as eye bags. There are multiple possible treatment methods for the tear trough and eye bag, such as surgery and hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injection, with the latter gaining popularity in recent years.AimsTo explore tear trough and eye bags etiology, describe the process for treatment selection, outline possible contraindications for filler injection, and expand upon the previously published atrophy‐bulging‐laxity (ABL) system of tear trough classification and treatment algorithm, with special focus on tear troughs complicated with eye bags.MethodsSix major etiologies of the eye bag were described, and three main contraindications for HA injection were outlined. Three useful tests (snap test, push test, lift test) to aid in treatment selection were described. A comprehensive treatment algorithm was developed to counteract each etiology: “Lifting” injections at the zygoma and anteromedial cheek help counteract senescent or congenital bone deficiency; “Supporting” injections into the anteromedial cheek fat pads help counteract fat atrophy or prolapse; and “Volumization” injections directly at the deformity help smooth out structural grooves or troughs.ResultsPatients with pronounced eye bags and tear troughs were treated according to this algorithm and obtained good, long‐lasting outcomes.ConclusionsTear troughs complicated with eye bags can be successfully classified and treated with the ABL system and the additional procedures described by this report.
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for gynecological cancer
Authors: Tsuyoshi Hideaki , Inoue Daisuke , Kurokawa Tetsuji , Yoshida Yoshio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimHyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a method of administering anticancer agents directly while heating the abdominal cavity. The aim of this review is to know the current position of HIPEC in ovarian cancer and uterine sarcoma and its future prospects.MethodsThis article reviews the current literature and evidence for the clinical trial of HIPEC in ovarian cancer and uterine sarcoma with consideration of the cases treated in our department.ResultsIn January 2018, van Driel et al. reported the results of their phase 3, randomized, controlled trial and the usefulness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery. With respect to greater than grade 3 complications, such as suture failure, intestinal perforation, postoperative bleeding, wound issues and death, there were no significant differences between the HIPEC group and the no‐HIPEC group. In a meta‐analysis including two randomized, controlled studies and 11 observational studies in 2019, the addition of HIPEC to cytoreductive surgery significantly improved overall survival of ovarian cancer patients. Moreover, growing evidence of the efficacy of cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC has also been reported in uterine sarcoma with peritoneal sarcomatosis in a multi‐institutional study. HIPEC could be one of the new therapeutic strategies for such disseminated peritoneal lesions.ConclusionSince the usage regimen and temperature setting of HIPEC are not standardized, and its effectiveness and adverse events are greatly affected by the time of administration, it is necessary to consider clinical trials for the optimization and establishment of HIPEC in Japan in the future.
Women's Marital Experiences Following Premarital Fertility in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Smith‐Greenaway Emily , Koski Alissa , Clark Shelley 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to offer a descriptive overview of the stability and quality of marriages formed by women following premarital fertility in contemporary sub‐Saharan Africa.BackgroundPremarital sex and fertility rates are high in many sub‐Saharan African countries, yet we know little about how premarital childbirth, or even premarital conception, corresponds with women's subsequent marital outcomes. For instance, it is unknown whether premarital fertility is associated with forming unions that are less stable, polygynous, or more violent.MethodWe analyze Demographic and Health Survey data for 25 sub‐Saharan African countries to describe women's marital experiences following a premarital pregnancy or premarital birth (relative to marital pregnancy and birth). We estimate country‐specific, two‐stage Heckman probit models to understand whether, conditional on having married, premarital pregnancy or premarital birth is associated with union instability, and among women currently married, polygyny and intimate partner violence.ResultsIn most countries, unions following a premarital pregnancy or premarital birth were less stable relative to unions in which pregnancy occurred only after marriage. Premarital births were also associated with a higher likelihood of entering a polygynous union, especially in West and Central African countries, as well as a greater likelihood of being in a physically violent union, particularly in East and Southern African countries.ConclusionThe associations between premarital fertility and women's subsequent marital experiences raise questions about the broader health and life course implications for the women and children involved.
Bhutanese Refugee Youth: The Importance of Assessing and Addressing Psychosocial Needs in a School Setting
Authors: Cardeli Emma , Phan Jenny , Mulder Luna , Benson Molly , Adhikari Radha , Ellis B. Heidi 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTraumatic exposure combined with significant stressors in resettlement place Bhutanese refugees at risk for mental health problems. Despite this, refugee youth often are reluctant to seek mental health services. Psychosocial support services, such as school‐based groups, offer one solution to this barrier to care. We had 2 aims in this study: (1) to describe the psychosocial needs of resettled Bhutanese refugee students; and (2) to evaluate the impact of skills‐based groups on these students' sense of school belonging and mental health.METHODSBhutanese refugee students in middle school (N = 34) participated in the 12‐week group curriculum (a component of Trauma Systems Therapy for Refugees) and the associated preevaluation/postevaluation.RESULTSBaseline descriptive analyses indicated high levels of mental health symptoms; approximately, 49% of students met partial or full criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder. In addition, sense of school belonging was significantly inversely associated with depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms at baseline. Paired sample t tests indicate that students' avoidance symptoms significantly decreased postintervention.CONCLUSIONSFindings suggest that skills‐based groups may be an effective way to engage students in supportive services and address psychosocial needs. Results further highlight the potential protective role of school belonging in reducing refugee students' vulnerability to psychological distress.
Cytotoxic activity of dimeric acridone alkaloids derived from Citrus plants towards human leukaemia HL-60 cells
Authors: Murata Tomiyasu , Kohno Susumu , Ogawa Kazuma , Ito Chihiro , Itoigawa Masataka , Ito Masafumi , Hikita Kiyomi , Kaneda Norio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Acridone alkaloids from Citrus and their derivatives show various kinds of biological activity. However, the anticancer activities of dimeric acridone alkaloids with unique structures and the molecular mechanism of these effects are poorly understood.

Methods
We investigated the cytotoxicity effects of dimeric acridone alkaloids isolated from Marsh grapefruit on human myeloid leukaemia HL-60 cells.

Key findings
Of the six dimeric acridone alkaloids tested, citbismine-E, the most potent, dose- and time-dependently decreased HL-60 cell viability by inducing apoptosis. The treatment of HL-60 cells with citbismine-E yielded a significant increase in levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Citbismine-E lowered the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the activities of caspase-9 and -3. In addition, citbismine-E-induced apoptosis, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and caspase activation were significantly alleviated by pretreatment of the cells with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Citbismine-E induced intrinsic caspase-dependent apoptosis through ROS-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation. Citbismine-E-induced production of oxidative stress biomarkers, malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine was also attenuated by pretreatment with NAC.

Conclusions
Citbismine-E is a powerful cytotoxic agent against HL-60 cells that acts by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated apoptosis through ROS-dependent JNK activation. Citbismine-E also induced oxidative stress damage via ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in HL-60 cells.
Azithromycin concentration in severely inflamed canine external ear canals – a case series
Authors: Perry E. , Lavy E. , Soback S. , Britzi M. , Zur G. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo determine azithromycin concentration in severely inflamed canine external ear canals.Material and MethodsFive dogs of various breeds and ages with severe and chronic otitis externa underwent ear canal reconstruction surgery. A single oral dose of azithromycin at 10 mg/kg was administered 12 to 24 hours prior to surgery. Tissue samples were collected from the excised external ear canals and azithromycin concentration was determined using a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method.ResultsAzithromycin concentrations ranging from 11.4 to 107.0 μg/g (mean 59.2 ± 44.6 μg/g, median 50.9 μg/g) were detected in the chronically infected external ear canal tissue 12 to 24 hours after administration.Clinical SignificanceLittle information exists on antibiotic concentrations in pathological tissues of dogs. Macrolides are known to concentrate in skin tissue. In light of the present results, investigation of clinical efficacy of azithromycin in chronic canine otitis externa is warranted.
Haemophilia A in a female mixed‐breed dog
Authors: Nishitani Y. , Kitoh K. 
Published: July 2020

A spayed female mixed‐breed dog was presented with excessive bleeding from a wound in the mouth. The dog had a history of self‐limiting bleeding following ovariohysterectomy. A coagulation test revealed prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time (20.2 seconds; reference interval: 11.0–15.0 seconds), prothrombin time was normal and factor VIII activity was markedly decreased (1.9%; reference interval: >50%). The von Willebrand factor antigen concentration was 158% (reference interval: >50%). A cross‐mixing test indicated that the diminished factor VIII activity was due to deficiency or dysfunction of factor VIII rather than inhibition of factor VIII activity. Based on these results, the dog was diagnosed with haemophilia A. Haemophilia A should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bleeding disorders also in female mixed‐breeds dogs.
Back‐transformation mechanisms of ringwoodite and majorite in an ordinary chondrite
Authors: Fukimoto Kanta , Miyahara Masaaki , Sakai Takeshi , Ohfuji Hiroaki , Tomioka Naotaka , Kodama Yu , Ohtani Eiji , Yamaguchi Akira 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe investigated the back‐transformation mechanisms of ringwoodite and majorite occurring in a shock‐melt vein (SMV) of the Yamato 75267 H6 ordinary chondrite during atmospheric entry heating. Ringwoodite and majorite in the shock melt near the fusion crust have back‐transformed into olivine and enstatite, respectively. Ringwoodite (Fa~18) occurs in the SMV as a fine‐grained polycrystalline assemblage. Approaching the fusion crust, fine‐grained polycrystalline olivine becomes dominant instead of ringwoodite. The back‐transformation from ringwoodite to olivine proceeds by incoherent nucleation and by an interface‐controlled growth mechanism: nucleation occurs on the grain boundaries of ringwoodite, and subsequently olivine grains grow. Majorite (Fs16–17En82–83Wo1) occurs in the SMV as a fine‐grained polycrystalline assemblage. Approaching the fusion crust, the majorite grains become vitrified. Approaching the fusion crust even more, clino/orthoenstatite grains occur in the vitrified majorite. The back‐transformation from majorite to enstatite is initiated by the vitrification, and growth continues by the subsequent nucleation in the vitrified majorite.
Choices on museum attendance: An agent‐based approach
Authors: Biondo Alessio Emanuele , Cellini Roberto , Cuccia Tiziana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an agent‐based model to study museum attendance, with the final aim of evaluating how the rules on free admission affect charged visits. Heterogeneous agents of a population are assumed to make their choices over a bundle of goods and activities which include museum attendance along with other consumption and leisure‐time alternatives. Simulations show that larger free‐admission rules always lead to an increase in the number of total visits. A specific focus is dedicated to show which conditions let the free admittance policies induce an increment also in charged visits. Agents are characterized in terms of income and education. Addiction to cultural consumption is modelled both with and without reference to education. Specific aspects, such as crowd effects and renovation of exhibitions, are also considered, as features of the museum attendance.