bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Green Emitting Multi‐substituted Dibenzodioxins and Related Heteroacenes and Computational Investigation of Substituent Effects on Emission Spectra
Authors: Ashok Phadte Apeksha , Chattopadhyay Anjan , Banerjee Subhadeep , Singh Sisodiya Dilawar , Raghava Tanya 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPush‐pull dibenzodioxins with electron withdrawing and donating groups were prepared in good yields through a short and simple synthesis. Strong green emission above 500 nm occurs in those derivatives where there is maximum charge transfer to the most electron deficit terephthalonitrile ring, from proximal cyclic amino donor groups. Theoretical calculations support experimental findings through evaluation of excited state properties. In molecules with a nitro group, the excited state localizes electron density exclusively onto it and twisted nitro geometry was also found. In effect, electronic charge cannot relocate into the molecular plane, rendering them non‐fluorescent. Also, studies on the fluorescent derivatives show that best emission would occur when the donor moiety contains a saturated cyclic amino ring and the amines are 2°. Overall, our study establishes structure‐property guidelines and limits on dibenzodioxin functionalization towards preparing fluorescent derivatives of the same.
Hierarchically Nanoporous 3D Assembly Composed of Functionalized Onion‐Like Graphitic Carbon Nanospheres for Anode‐Minimized Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Ha Son , Hyun Jong Chan , Kwak Jin Hwan , Lim Hee‐Dae , Yun Young Soo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite the recent attention for Li metal anode (LMA) with high theoretical specific capacity of ≈3860 mA h g−1, it suffers from not enough practical energy densities and safety concerns originating from the excessive metal load, which is essential to compensate for the loss of Li sources resulting from their poor coulombic efficiencies (CEs). Therefore, the development of high‐performance LMA is needed to realize anode‐minimized Li metal batteries (LMBs). In this study, high‐performance LMAs are produced by introducing a hierarchically nanoporous assembly (HNA) composed of functionalized onion‐like graphitic carbon building blocks, several nanometers in diameter, as a catalytic scaffold for Li‐metal storage. The HNA‐based electrodes lead to a high Li ion concentration in the nanoporous structure, showing a high CE of ≈99.1%, high rate capability of 12 mA cm−2, and a stable cycling behavior of more than 750 cycles. In addition, anode‐minimized LMBs are achieved using a HNA that has limited Li content (≈0.13 mg cm−2), corresponding to 6.5% of the cathode material (commercial NCM622 (≈2 mg cm−2)). The LMBs demonstrate a feasible electrochemical performance with high energy and power densities of ≈510 Wh kgelectrode−1 and ≈2760 W kgelectrode−1, respectively, for more than 100 cycles.
Methods with Nanoarchitectonics for Small Molecules and Nanostructures to Regulate Living Cells
Authors: Song Jingwen , Jia Xiaofang , Ariga Katsuhiko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAmong all kinds of functional systems and mechanisms, living cells may be regarded as the most advanced functional material systems. Creation of cell‐like highly functional systems can be an ultimate goal of nanoarchitectonics research. Although full construction of cell‐like functional objects may not be going to happen anytime soon, controls of living cells by small molecules and their nanoarchitected assemblies can be accomplishable research subjects. Nanoarchitectonics approaches are helpful for small molecules and nanostructures to regulate living cells. In this review article, several examples in cell regulation with bio‐related molecules and cell regulation with the aid of external stimuli such as electronic and photonic stimuli are first exhibited. Following these examples, controls of cell alignments and differentiations at extremely different interfacial media, the surface with hard nanocarbon structures, and completely soft liquid–liquid interface, are discussed. Especially, interaction at contacting external surface can trigger integrated relayed processes within living cells which may finally alter cellular behaviors and eventually guide stem cell differentiation. Surface designing by interfacial nanoarchitectonics can be a crucial key in regulation of living cells. It can lead to technology connection between surface nanofabrication and tissue engineering and cell‐based technology.
QCD on the Lattice
Authors: Wittig Hartmut 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince Wilson’s seminal papers of the mid-1970s, the lattice approach to Quantum Chromodynamics has become increasingly important for the study of the strong interaction at low energies, and has now turned into a mature and established technique. In spite of the fact that the lattice formulation of Quantum Field Theory has been applied to virtually all fundamental interactions, it is appropriate to discuss this topic in a chapter devoted to QCD, since by far the largest part of activity is focused on the strong interaction. Lattice QCD is, in fact, the only known method which allows ab initio investigations of hadronic properties, starting from the QCD Lagrangian formulated in terms of quarks and gluons.
Ergänzende private Vorsorge für den Fall der Pflegebedürftigkeit – Stand und Perspektiven
Authors: Albrecht Martin , Ochmann Richard 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Zur Absicherung des Risikos der Pflegebedürftigkeit gelten wegen seiner starken Altersabhängigkeit private, kapitalbildende Vorsorgeformen als besonders geeignet. Fehlende private Vorsorge belastet die Träger der subsidiären Sozialhilfe – ein wesentlicher Grund für die Einführung der sozialen Pflegeversicherung. Angesichts der hohen und steigenden finanziellen Eigenanteile der Pflegebedürftigen wird diskutiert, den Versicherungsumfang der sozialen Pflegeversicherung auszuweiten. Wegen der Art der gegenwärtigen Beitragsfinanzierung wäre dies verteilungspolitisch und unter Nachhaltigkeitsaspekten fragwürdig. Andererseits können private Pflegezusatzversicherungen die entstehenden Sicherungslücken kaum füllen. Notwendig sind daher neue Ansätze, um die wachsenden privaten Sparguthaben und Vermögenswerte stärker auch für die Pflegefinanzierung einzusetzen.
Searching for Earth/Solar axion halos
Authors: Banerjee Abhishek , Budker Dmitry , Eby Joshua , Flambaum Victor V. , Kim Hyungjin , Matsedonskyi Oleksii , Perez Gilad 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We discuss the sensitivity of the present and near-future axion dark matter experiments to a halo of axions or axion-like particles gravitationally bound to the Earth or the Sun. Such halos, assuming they are formed, can be searched for in a wide variety of experiments even when the axion couplings to matter are small, while satisfying all the present experimental bounds on the local properties of dark matter. The structure and coherence properties of these halos also imply novel signals, which can depend on the latitude or orientation of the detector. We demonstrate this by analyzing the sensitivity of several distinct types of axion dark matter experiments.
Simplicity of AdS supergravity at one loop
Authors: Alday Luis F. , Zhou Xinan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We demonstrate the simplicity of AdS5× S5 IIB supergravity at one loop level, by studying non-planar holographic four-point correlators in Mellin space. We develop a systematic algorithm for constructing one-loop Mellin amplitudes from the tree-level data, and obtain a simple closed form answer for the $$ \left\langle {\mathcal{O}}_2^{SG}{\mathcal{O}}_2^{SG}{\mathcal{O}}_p^{SG}{\mathcal{O}}_p^{SG}\right\rangle $$

O
2
SG

O
2
SG

O
p
SG

O
p
SG

correlators. The structure of this expression is remarkably simple, containing only simultaneous poles in the Mellin variables. We also study the flat space limit of the Mellin amplitudes, which reproduces precisely the IIB supergravity one-loop amplitude in ten dimensions. Our results provide nontrivial evidence for the persistence of the hidden conformal symmetry at one loop.
Zoledronic Acid in a Mouse Model of Human Fibrous Dysplasia: Ineffectiveness on Tissue Pathology, Formation of “Giant Osteoclasts” and Pathogenetic Implications
Authors: Corsi Alessandro , Palmisano Biagio , Spica Emanuela , Di Filippo Annamaria , Coletta Ilenia , Dello Spedale Venti Michele , Labella Rossella , Fabretti Francesca , Donsante Samantha , Remoli Cristina , Serafini Marta , Riminucci Mara 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe compared the effects of a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (N-BP), zoledronic acid (ZA), and an anti-mouse RANKL antibody (anti-mRANKL Ab) on the bone tissue pathology of a transgenic mouse model of human fibrous dysplasia (FD). For comparison, we also reviewed the histological samples of a child with McCune–Albright syndrome (MAS) treated with Pamidronate for 3 years. EF1α-GsαR201C mice with FD-like lesions in the tail vertebrae were treated with either 0.2 mg/kg of ZA at day 0, 7, and 14 or with 300 μg/mouse of anti-mRANKL Ab at day 0 and 21. All mice were monitored by Faxitron and histological analysis was performed at day 42. ZA did not affect the progression of the radiographic phenotype in EF1α-GsαR201C mice. FD-like lesions in the ZA group showed the persistence of osteoclasts, easily detectable osteoclast apoptotic activity and numerous “giant osteoclasts”. In contrast, in the anti-mRANKL Ab-treated mice, osteoclasts were markedly reduced/absent, the radiographic phenotype reverted and the FD-like lesions were extensively replaced by newly formed bone. Numerous “giant osteoclasts” were also detected in the samples of the child with MAS. This study supports the hypothesis that osteoclasts per se, independently of their resorptive activity, are essential for development and expansion of FD lesions.
Port Site Hernias Following Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair
Authors: Dhanani Naila H. , Bernardi Karla , Olavarria Oscar A. , Cherla Deepa , Kao Lillian S. , Ko Tien C. , Liang Mike K. , Holihan Julie L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPort site hernias (PSH) are underreported following laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVHR). Most occur at the site of laterally placed 10–12‐mm ports used to introduce large pieces of mesh. One alternative is to place the large port through the ventral hernia defect; however, there is potential for increased risk of surgical site infection (SSI). This study evaluates the outcomes when introducing mesh through a 10–12‐mm port placed through the hernia defect.MethodsThis was a retrospective case series of patients who underwent LVHR in three prospective trials from 2014–2017 at one institution. All patients had mesh introduced through a 10–12‐mm port placed through the ventral hernia defect. The primary outcome was SSI. Secondary outcomes were hernia occurrences including recurrences and PSH.ResultsA total of 315 eligible patients underwent LVHR with a median (range) follow‐up of 21 (11–41) months. Many patients were obese (66.9%), recently quit tobacco use (8.8%), or had diabetes (18.9%). Most patients had an incisional hernia (61.2%), and 19.2% were recurrent. Hernias were on average 4.8 ± 3.8 cm in width. Two patients (0.6%) had an SSI. Fourteen patients had a hernia occurrence—13 (4.4%) had a recurrent hernia, and one patient (0.3%) had a PSH.ConclusionDuring LVHR, introduction of mesh through a 10–12‐mm port placed through the hernia defect is associated with a low risk of SSI and low risk of hernia occurrence. While further studies are needed to confirm these results, mesh can be safely introduced through a port through the defect.
An assessment of the continuing medical education needs of US physicians in the management of patients with beta thalassemia
Authors: Stacy Sylvie , Sheth Sujit , Coleman Brandon , Cerenzia Wendy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPatients with beta thalassemia are benefitting from longer life expectancies, highlighting the importance of appropriate transition from pediatric to adult care. Data are limited regarding continuity of care and adult hematologists’ management of patients with beta thalassemia. We conducted a survey of practicing US hematologists to identify practice gaps, attitudes, and barriers to optimal patient management among US-practicing hematologists. A total of 42 responses were collected, with 19 (45%) practicing at a beta thalassemia center of excellence (CoE). Nearly 90% of CoE physicians said they had a transition protocol or plan in place versus 30% of non-CoE physicians. Most physicians said parents should remain actively involved in medical visits. Adherence was rated as the most important patient education topic during transition. The most significant barrier cited was patient reluctance to transition away from pediatric care. Physicians in CoEs as compared with non-CoE physicians reported greater knowledge of beta thalassemia and familiarity with butyrates, gene therapy, and luspatercept. Highly rated topics for beta thalassemia-focused CME activities included management of complications and clinical trial updates. These findings suggest practice gaps and barriers to optimal care in the transition from pediatric to adult care, the ongoing management of adult patients, knowledge of the disease state, and familiarity with emerging treatments. Differences CoE vs non-CoE physician responses suggest variations in knowledge, practice, and attitudes that may be helpful in tailoring CME activities to different learner audiences. The small sample size used in some sub-analyses may not be representative of all hematologists treating beta thalassemia patients.
On properties of Toeplitz-type covariance matrices in models with nested random effects
Authors: Liang Yuli , von Rosen Dietrich , von Rosen Tatjana 
Published: September 2020

AbstractModels that capture symmetries present in the data have been widely used in different applications, with early examples from psychometric and medical research. The aim of this article is to study a random effects model focusing on the covariance structure that is block circular symmetric. Useful results are obtained for the spectra of these structured matrices.
Carbon investment into mobilization of mineral and organic phosphorus by arbuscular mycorrhiza
Authors: Andrino Alberto , Guggenberger Georg , Sauheitl Leopold , Burkart Stefan , Boy Jens 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo overcome phosphorus (P) deficiency, about 80% of plant species establish symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which in return constitute a major sink of photosynthates. Information on whether plant carbon (C) allocation towards AMF increases with declining availability of the P source is limited. We offered orthophosphate (OP), apatite (AP), or phytic acid (PA) as the only P source available to arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) (Solanum lycopersicum x Rhizophagus irregularis) in a mesocosm experiment, where the fungi had exclusive access to each P source. After exposure, we determined P contents in the plant, related these to the overall C budget of the system, including the organic C (OC) contents, the respired CO2, the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) 16:1ω5c (extraradical mycelium), and the neutral fatty acid (NLFA) 16:1ω5c (energy storage) at the fungal compartment. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plants incorporated P derived from the three P sources through the mycorrhizal pathway, but did this with differing C-P trading costs. The mobilization of PA and AP by the AM plant entailed larger mycelium infrastructure and significantly larger respiratory losses of CO2, in comparison with the utilization of the readily soluble OP. Our study thus suggests that AM plants invest larger C amounts into their fungal partners at lower P availability. This larger C flux to the AM fungi might also lead to larger soil organic C contents, in the course of forming larger AM biomass under P-limiting conditions.
Characteristics and thermodynamics of Sahelian heatwaves analysed using various thermal indices
Authors: Guigma Kiswendsida H. , Todd Martin , Wang Yi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProlonged periods of extreme heat also known as heatwaves are a growing concern in a changing climate. Over the Sahel, a hot and semi-arid region in West Africa, they are still relatively poorly understood and managed. In this research, five multivariate thermal indices derived from the ERA5 database were used to characterize Sahelian heatwaves for statistical analysis and as a sampling basis to investigate their underlying thermodynamic causes. Results show that on average most locations in the Sahel suffer from one or two heatwaves a year lasting 3–5 days but with severe magnitude. The eastern Sahel is more at risk than the west, experiencing more frequent and longer lasting events. Despite similar statistics of intensity, duration and frequency across the heatwave indices, for a given diurnal phase, there is surprisingly low agreement in the timing of events. Furthermore daytime and nighttime heatwaves have little synchronicity. In terms of associated thermodynamic processes, heat advection and the greenhouse effect of moisture are identified as the main causes of Sahelian heatwaves. The processes are nevertheless sensitive to the indices, consequence of the distinctness of their respective samples. Therefore attention should be given to the choice of either index in operational monitoring and forecasting of heatwaves. This will allow to effectively target different exposed socio-economic groups and resultantly enhance the efficiency of early warning systems.
Aktueller Stand der rhythmologischen Ausbildung in Deutschland
Authors: Willy Kevin , Müller Patrick , Eckardt Lars , Duncker David 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die rhythmologische Ausbildung junger Kardiologinnen und Kardiologen bildet das Fundament für eine optimale Versorgung von Patienten mit Herzrhythmusstörungen. Die Rhythmologie zeichnet sich durch einen hohen Innovationsgrad aus und hat sich innerhalb der letzten Jahre rasant weiterentwickelt. Dies könnte zu einer Kluft zwischen der klinischen Ausbildung und neuer Technologien geführt haben und die Ausbildungsanforderungen maßgeblich verändern.

Fragestellung
Das Ziel der Umfrage war es, ein Meinungsbild junger Kardiologinnen und Kardiologen über den Stellenwert und die Zufriedenheit der rhythmologischen Ausbildung zu erheben und Verbesserungsansätze zu formulieren.

Methoden
Die Umfrage wurde im Mai 2020 durchgeführt. Mitglieder der Sektion Young-DGK der deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie wurden via E‑Mail kontaktiert und gebeten einen onlinebasierten Fragebogen zu beantworten. Der Fragebogen beinhaltete Informationen über den aktuellen Stellenwert, die Zufriedenheit und die Strukturen der rhythmologischen Ausbildung in Deutschland.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt 131 Young DGK-Mitglieder (68 % männlich) nahmen an der Umfrage teil. Das Durchschnittsalter betrug 33 ± 3,3 Jahre und der Ausbildungsstand gliederte sich wie folgt: 64 % Assistenzärzte, 20 % Fachärzte und 16 % Oberärzte. 72 Teilnehmer (53 %) berichteten, mit ihrer kardiologischen Weiterbildung sehr zufrieden zu sein. Die Hälfte der Teilnehmer wünschte sich einen höheren Umfang an rhythmologischen Inhalten in ihrer Weiterbildung. Rhythmologische Fortbildungsveranstaltungen und Fellowships wurden überwiegend positiv bewertet (70 % bzw. 93 %), jedoch waren diese jeweils für knapp die Hälfte der Teilnehmer unbekannt. Verbesserungsansätze sahen die Teilnehmer in der Einführung einer generellen rhythmologischen Rotation, einem gesteigerten Zugang zu Prozeduren um invasive Fähigkeiten zu erlernen (falls nötig auch klinikübergreifend), einer intensivierten Werbung für Fortbildungsveranstaltungen und Fellowships sowie einer Zunahme onlinebasierter Fortbildungsveranstaltungen.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Umfrage unterstreicht das Interesse junger Kardiologinnen und Kardiologen an einer strukturierten und intensivierten rhythmologischen Ausbildung innerhalb ihrer kardiologischen Weiterbildung.
Screening for irradiation vasculopathy by intima-media thickness sonography in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Strüder D. , Hellwig S. , Rennau H. , van Bonn S. , Schraven S. P. , Mlynski R. , Hildebrandt G. , Schuldt T. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Post-irradiation vasculopathy is a severe form of atherosclerosis and affects the prognosis of head and neck cancer survivors. Sonographic intima-media thickness (IMT) precedes stenosis, plaque formation, and cerebrovascular events. Therefore, IMT may be a valuable screening marker for post-irradiation toxicity. However, the critical irradiation dose and the onset of IMT increase remain unclear.

Methods
The cross-sectional study analysed the carotid artery IMT in 96 irradiated patients and 41 controls regarding irradiation dose, post-irradiation-interval, and cardiovascular risk factors. Distinct irradiation doses to the tumour side and the contralateral hemineck enabled detection of dose depended effects within one patient and control of risk factors.

Results
Radiotherapy caused a dose-dependent increase in IMT. The toxicity did not have saturation effects for > 60 Gy. The IMT increase occurred in short-term following radiotherapy and the risk for a pathological value (> 0.9 mm) rose significantly. The correlation between IMT and radiotherapy was comparable to established cardiovascular risk factors.

Conclusion
Radiotherapists should consider the additional toxicity of high doses for non-metastatic head and neck cancer. If neck metastases require radiotherapy with boost, IMT measurement is suitable for early detection of carotid artery damage.
Anxiety and depression in patients wearing prosthetic eyes
Authors: Heindl Ludwig M. , Trester Marc , Guo Yongwei , Zwiener Florian , Sadat Narges , Pine Nicola S. , Pine Keith R. , Traweger Andreas , Rokohl Alexander C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate anxiety and depression levels in prosthetic eye–wearing patients using standardized psychometric instruments, to define factors associated with these psychological diseases, and to identify a potential healthcare gap.

Methods
A total of 295 prosthetic eye wearers were screened using the 7-item generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) and the 9-item patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). Scores of GAD-7 and PHQ-9 were correlated with scores of general physical and mental health functioning, vision-related quality of life, appearance-related distress, appearance-related social function, and further biosocial factors.

Results
Five patients (2%) had a pre-diagnosed anxiety disorder, and 20 patients (7%) had a pre-diagnosed depression. However, our screening revealed 26 patients (9%) with anxiety symptoms, 31 patients (11%) with depression symptoms, and 40 patients (14%) suffering from both anxiety and depression symptoms. This underdiagnosing for both anxiety and depression disorders was significant (p < 0.001, respectively). Higher GAD-7 scores were significantly associated with higher PHQ-9 scores, lower appearance-related social function, lower mental health functioning, and female gender (p ≤ 0.021, respectively). Higher PHQ-9 scores were significantly associated with lower physical and mental health functioning, higher educational degree, and non-traumatic eye loss (p ≤ 0.038, respectively).

Conclusions
Anxiety and depression disorders seem to be underdiagnosed in prosthetic eye wearers and to have higher incidence compared with the general population. Therefore, a psychometric screening should be routinely implemented in the clinical care. For a successful long-term rehabilitation, integrated care by a multidisciplinary team including ophthalmic plastic surgeons, ophthalmologists, ocularists, general practitioners, and psychologists is essential.