bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eat the street
Authors: Teubner Melina 
Published: January 2020

Female street vendors were a common sight in cities worldwide in the first half of the 19th century. Fields of history like women’s history have dealt with the role of these street vendors in European cities. In recent decades, female street vendors have also been studied by a number of Brazilian scholars, who have shed light on urban slavery, domestic slavery and other forms of unfree labor. These studies commonly focus on community building among urban slaves and the formation of a West African diaspora. All around the globe female street vendors were (and still are) not merely passive victims of marginalization, but capable actors, who created a gendered niche of economic opportunity, through the capitalization of their cooking and vending skills. The popularity of female hawkers was closely connected to their being women.
Until now, few studies explore the food stalls in the city of Rio de Janeiro in the first half of the 19th century as special places of consumption within a global perspective. Street food gave rise to a working-class consumer culture. This study aims to focus on the social, material and imaginary aspects of these vending places. What role did they play within the consumer culture of Rio de Janeiro? What food did they provide? What was the communication between vendors and customers like? These questions are especially interesting to ask against the background of Rio de Janeiro’s intensive sociocultural transformation in the years between 1830 and 1860, after the official prohibition of the transatlantic slave trade.
Places of food consumption such as the Paris-style restaurant (representative of luxury dining) and taverns (representative of more commonplace, popular restaurants) saw a great increase in the first half of the 19th century.
Analyzing food stands as places of food consumption offers the possibility to break up the narrative of the male centered public sphere and show that women especially played a crucial role in providing 19th century cities with food. Daily newspapers, contemporary descriptions by foreign visitors and social novels demonstrate in an excellent manner the contemporary discourse of eating out, the dishes that were served, who consumed these dishes and female vendors in a global perspective.
The paper argues that eating out was not only a necessity for some, but also a form of entertainment comparable to professional theater plays. Food stands were places were gender roles, prejudices against foreign food and sexual honor were negotiated. Since cooking is one of the most time-consuming types of labor in history the paper combines food history with labor history and demonstrates public eating as a special form of entertainment.
A transformação de alimentos tradicionais em produtos simbólicos
Authors: Cruz Bianca Silva da , Moreira Lertiane Maria Lima 
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Atualmente a gastronomia nacional e mundial vive um momento de valorização e certificação de seus ingredientes tradicionais, a fim de se destacarem e sobreviverem em um mercado industrial cada vez mais competitivo. No Brasil, o Queijo Canastra é um exemplo disso. Nosso objetivo, então, é expor o processo que transformou o queijo artesanal produzido na Serra da Canastra em um símbolo gastronômico e cultural.
Metodologia: Por meio de um levantamento bibliográfico, foi feito um estudo de caso sobre o Queijo Canastra. Na bibliografia, buscamos dados sobre a história de Minas Gerais, sua ocupação e produção queijeira, além de expor e discutir os elementos mais relevantes na transformação do Queijo Canastra, de um alimento tradicional/rural para um produto gastronômico.
Resultados: Neste trabalho destacamos quatro questões que juntas propiciaram a ressignificação do Queijo Canastra. A primeira expõe a chancela do Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Iphan) nesse produto, decorrente do processo de registro do Modo Artesanal de Fazer Queijo Minas, que na prática atesta a tradição e a importância cultural desse alimento para o país. A segunda questão trata do reconhecimento desse queijo como um produto de terroir, ou seja, um produto cujos aspectos únicos advindos daquela região em conjunto com o trabalho artesanal o tornam diferenciado e passível de ações de salvaguarda. A terceira disserta sobre a obtenção da Indicação de Procedência, uma certificação utilizada para assegurar a tradição em relação ao modo de preparo e comercialização do produto. Por fim, a quarta analisa as ações de marketing desenvolvidas por um grupo de produtores do Queijo Canastra, respaldadas nas certificações conquistadas, cujo intuito era fazer a promoção desse queijo e torná-lo valorizado perante a gastronomia e a sociedade. Assim, analisando essas questões conjuntamente, verificam-se relações contraditórias, que se estabelecem através de interesses distintos e nem sempre convergentes. É possível afirmar, por ora, que os benefícios advindos desses processos de valorização do queijo não são equitativamente distribuídos entre os agentes que participam dele.
Contribuição: Este trabalho tem um potencial de contribuição teórica às diferentes áreas que abrangem os estudos sobre alimentação, incluindo as ciências sociais e a história, visto que, ao analisar um dos caminhos de transformação dos alimentos tradicionais em produtos valorizados monetária e simbolicamente, é possível registrar um pouco das mudanças sociais que vêm ocorrendo na gastronomia brasileira e na forma de nos alimentarmos. Além disso, as observações acerca das contradições levantadas em nosso estudo podem servir para pensar os casos de alimentos tradicionais que tem passado por processos semelhantes de valorização.
Computed Tomography Perfusion Identifies Patients With Stroke With Impaired Cardiac Function
Authors: Garcia-Esperon Carlos , Spratt Neil J. , Gangadharan Shyam , Miteff Ferdinand , Bivard Andrew , Lillicrap Thomas , Tomari Shinya , Levi Christopher R. , Parsons Mark W. 
Published: January 2020

Background and Purpose—
Low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) leads to worse outcomes after stroke. We hypothesized that the arterial input function (AIF) variability on perfusion computed tomography, especially the time between scan onset and end of AIF (SO-EndAIF), would reflect reduction of cardiac output.

Methods—
Retrospective analysis of consecutive stroke patients, who underwent computed tomography between January 2013 and September 2018, was performed in 2 parts. (1) To determine the correlation between SO-EndAIF and LVEF, all patients with a transthoracic echocardiogram performed ±6 months from the time of stroke were included. LVEF was dichotomized as either normal (≥50%) or decreased (<50%). (2) AIF was compared with hypoperfusion volume, defined as delay time >3 seconds and with clinical outcome measured using 3-month modified Rankin Scale.

Results—

A total of 732 ischemic stroke patients underwent computed tomography, 231 with transthoracic echocardiogram were included in part (1), 393 with outcome data were included in part (2). In part (1), 193/231 (83.5%) had normal LVEF (median 61%) and 38/231 (16.5%) decreased LVEF (median 39%). The low-LVEF group had significantly prolonged SO-EndAIF compared with normal-LVEF group (mean of 39.7 versus 26 second;
P
<0.001), and larger hypoperfusion lesions (94.9 versus 37.6 mL;
P
<0.001). SO-EndAIF time was strongly associated with EF, with an area under the curve of 0.86. Twenty nine seconds was the best threshold to distinguish between normal and impaired EF (area under the curve, 0.77). In part (2), the SO-EndAIF ≥29 second group had larger hypoperfusion volumes (21.8 versus 89.7 mL;
P
<0.001) and infarct core (12.2 versus 2.3 mL;
P
<0.0001) and patients with SO-EndAIF ≥29 seconds had fewer excellent or good clinical outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score 0–1; 40% versus 22%; OR, 2.79;
P
<0.001, modified Rankin Scale score 0–2; 65% versus 35%; OR, 1.41;
P
=0.033).

Conclusions—
AIF width correlates with ejection fraction in acute ischemic stroke. A 29-second threshold from scan onset to end of AIF accurately predicts reduced LVEF and identifies patients more likely to have worse outcomes after stroke.
Attitudes towards HPV self-sampling among women in Chengdu, China: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: He Lixia , He Junyong 
Published: January 2020

Objective Cervical cancer screening participation in China remains insufficient, possibly because of embarrassment or discomfort. We assessed knowledge of HPV and its link to cervical cancer, and whether HPV self-sampling might be an acceptable alternative to clinician-based screening, among Sichuan women. Methods A sample of healthy women undergoing routine physical examinations in 2017 at the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, completed a questionnaire. Results From 3000 questionnaires distributed, 1810 were completed and analyzed. Only 29.94% of respondents ( n = 542) had heard of HPV, among whom 65.75% knew that it caused cervical cancer. Among the 766 (42.32%) who considered that HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening was an acceptable option, over 90% thought it would be convenient, private, not embarrassing, and not painful. However, 1044 women (57.68%) did not consider self-sampling acceptable, mainly because the result might not be accurate (85.63%), specimens may have gone bad (83.05%), and they may not perform the test correctly (79.98%). Respondents who believed HPV self-sampling was acceptable were more likely than other respondents to be young, and to have completed at least secondary education. Of the 1810 respondents, 1312 (72.49%) reported that they would be willing to be vaccinated against HPV. Conclusion Most women in Chengdu lack basic knowledge about HPV. Over 40% of women believed HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening was an acceptable option. To increase screening coverage, public health efforts to educate the public about HPV and HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening should be strengthened and expanded.
Review of neuroimaging findings in congenital Zika virus syndrome and its relation to the time of infection
Authors: Radaelli Graciane , Lahorgue Nunes Magda , Bernardi Soder Ricardo , de Oliveira Júlia Monteiro , Thays Konat Bruzzo Fernanda , Kalil Neto Felipe , Leal-Conceição Eduardo , Wetters Portuguez Mirna , Costa da Costa Jaderson 
Published: January 2020

Background Many original articles and case series have been published emphasizing the neuroimaging findings of congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. The majority of these studies do not follow a neuroradiological methodology to describe malformations and brain abnormalities resulting from ZIKV infection. The cause-and-effect correlation between the gestational period of maternal infection and the severity of encephalic changes at birth has rarely been reported. A systematic literature review was conducted on the neuroimaging findings in children affected with microcephaly due to ZIKV. Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched for full-text articles published up to July 2019. Duplicate entries were removed. Two independent reviewers performed a quality assessment of all the studies included. Results A total of 2214 publications were identified. Of these 2170 were excluded by analysis of titles and abstracts, resulting in the inclusion of only eight articles. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were performed with a 95% confidence interval to verify the statistically significant differences in the neuroradiological findings between the cases of ZIKV infection in the first or second trimester of gestation. The studies published so far have described image abnormalities at random, without utilizing any pre-established neuroradiological criteria, and imaging modalities with different sensitivity and accuracy have been used, which jeopardizes a reliable and adequate statistical analysis. Conclusions Neuroimaging abnormalities are much more prevalent and severe when the infection by ZIKV is contracted in the first or second trimester of pregnancy.
Predictors for the extent of pial collateral recruitment in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Christoforidis Gregory A , Saadat Niloufar , Kontzialis Marinos , Karakasis Christopher J , Slivka Andrew P 
Published: January 2020

Background Pial arterioles can provide a variable degree of collateral flow to ischemic vascular territories during acute ischemic stroke. This study sought to identify predictive factors of the degree of pial collateral recruitment in acute ischemic stroke. Methods Clinical information and arteriograms from 62 consecutive patients with stroke due to either middle cerebral artery (MCA) M1 segment or internal carotid artery (ICA) terminus occlusion within 6 h following symptom onset were retrospectively reviewed. Pial collaterals were defined based on the extent of reconstitution of the MCA territory. Patients with slow antegrade flow distal to the occlusion site were excluded and no anesthetics were used prior or during angiography. Results were analyzed using multivariate nominal logistic regression. Results Better pial collateral recruitment was associated with proximal MCA versus ICA terminus occlusion ( p = 0.005; odds ratio (OR) = 9.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.16–53.3), lower presenting National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score (NIHSSS) ( p = 0.023; OR = 6.51; 95% CI, 1.49–41.7), and lower diastolic blood pressure ( p = 0.0411; OR = 5.05; 95% CI, 1.20–29.2). Age, gender, symptom duration, diabetes, laterality, systolic blood pressure, glucose level, hematocrit, platelet level, and white blood cell count at presentation were not found to have a statistically significant association with pial collateral recruitment. Conclusions Extent of pial collateral recruitment is strongly associated with the occlusion site (MCA M1 segment versus ICA terminus) and less strongly associated with presenting NIHSSS and diastolic blood pressure.
Clinical Function Improves After Subacromial Injection of Local Anesthetic in Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Forsythe Brian , Agarwalla Avinesh , Puzzitiello Richard N. , Patel Bhavik H. , Lu Yining , Verma Nikhil N. , Romeo Anthony A. , Cole Brian J. 
Published: January 2020

Background: Rotator cuff pathology is the most common cause of shoulder pain in adults, accounting for nearly 70% of shoulder-related visits to clinicians. However, physical examination findings may be limited because of pain or patient inhibition. Purpose: To establish whether a relationship exists between pain, range of motion, and strength in patients with a full-thickness rotator cuff tear. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A single-blind, randomized controlled study of 40 patients undergoing rotator cuff repair for full-thickness rotator cuff tears was performed. Patients were randomized to receive either a subacromial 10-mL 2% lidocaine injection or a sham injection, with no contents being injected into the subacromial space. Before the injection, patients were assessed using a visual analog scale for pain (VAS-Pain) as well as the Constant-Murley subjective questionnaire and objective physical examination. The examination was repeated 10 minutes after injection and 6 months postoperatively. VAS-Pain after injection was not assessed. The assessment at 6 months was performed to demonstrate improvement of rotator cuff function after operative management. Statistical analysis included Student t and chi-square tests as well as multivariate binomial logistic regression analyses to identify predictors for improvement after injection. Results were considered significant if P < .05. Results: Range of motion, strength, and Constant-Murley score significantly improved after a subacromial lidocaine injection ( P < .05). Range of motion, strength, Constant-Murley score, and VAS-Pain significantly improved at final follow-up compared with the preinjection assessment for both groups ( P < .05); however, there was no difference ( P > .05) between groups at 6 months postoperatively. Conclusion: After subacromial lidocaine injections, patients exhibited modest but significant improvements in range of motion, strength, and the Constant-Murley score. Pain may limit range of motion and strength in patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears independent of the mechanical impact of the tear itself. Registration: NCT02693444 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Virtual reality technology for teaching neurosurgery of skull base tumor
Authors: Shao Xuefei , Yuan Quan , Qian Daqing , Ye Zheng , Chen Gao , le Zhuang Kang , Jiang Xiaochun , Jin Yuelong , Qiang Di 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Neurosurgery represents one of the most challenging and delicate of any surgical procedure. Skull base tumors in particular oftentimes present as a very technically difficult procedures in the setting of neurosurgical teaching. Virtual reality technology is one of the most promising surgical planning tools. It can perform fast three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other imaging data sets under conditions of virtual reality (VR). Surgical simulation can more intuitively understand the anatomical relationship of the surgical area in significantly greater detail.

Methods
Thirty clinical undergraduates from the class of 2016 were randomly divided into two groups: the traditional teaching group and the virtual reality teaching group. After the study concluded, the teaching effectiveness was evaluated by combining basic theoretical knowledge, case analysis and questionnaire survey methods.

Results
Comparative analysis between both groups showed the response effect of the virtual reality teaching group was better than that of the traditional teaching group (P < 0.05). There was also no difference between both groups in terms of the design of the surgical approach and the listing of surgical matters that required attention (P > 0.05).The results of theoretical knowledge assessment between both groups showed that the scores of basic theory, location, adjacent structure, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and analysis, surgical methods and total scores in the VR group exceeded those in the traditional teaching group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
This study showed that VR technology might improve neurosurgical skull base teaching quality, which should be promoted in the teaching of clinical subjects.
Causes of misdiagnoses by thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC): our experience and a systematic review
Authors: Zhu Yanli , Song Yuntao , Xu Guohui , Fan Zhihui , Ren Wenhao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveFNA is a simple, safe, cost-effective and accurate diagnostic tool for the initial screening of patients with thyroid nodules. The aims of this study were to determine the diagnostic utility of FNAC performed in our institution, assess the cytomorphologic features that contribute to diagnostic errors and propose improvement measures.MethodsA total of 2781 FNACs were included in the study, and 1122 cases were compared with their histological diagnoses. We retrospectively reexamined our discordant (both false-negative and false-positive) cases and performed a systematic review of previous studies on causes of misdiagnoses.ResultsWhen DC V and DC VI were both considered cytologic-positive, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy were 98.3, 30.9, 94.9, 58.3 and 93.5%, respectively. If DC VI was considered cytologic-positive, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC were 98.0, 84.0, 99.4, 58.3, and 97.5% respectively. The main cause of false-negative diagnoses was sampling error (13/15, 86.7%), while interpretation error led to the majority of the false-positive diagnoses (38/47, 80.9%). Overlapping cytological features in adenomatous hyperplasia, thyroiditis and cystic lesions were the major factors contributing to interpretation errors, while the size and number of nodules may have led to false-negative diagnoses because of heterogeneity and unsampled areas.ConclusionsThe sensitivity and PPV of thyroid FNAC in our institution were higher than those in the published data, while the specificity and NPV were lower. Regarding the FNA category DC V, a frozen section analysis during diagnostic lobectomy is necessary. Multiple passes should be performed in various parts of a large nodule or from different nodules to reduce the risk of false-negative findings. Cytopathologists should strengthen their criteria for the identification of adenomatous hyperplasia, thyroiditis and cystic lesions to avoid false-positive diagnoses. NIFTP has little effect on diagnostic accuracy and the distribution of diagnostic errors.
The challenges of living with and managing epidermolysis bullosa: insights from patients and caregivers
Authors: Bruckner Anna L. , Losow Michael , Wisk Jayson , Patel Nita , Reha Allen , Lagast Hjalmar , Gault Jamie , Gershkowitz Jayne , Kopelan Brett , Hund Michael , Murrell Dedee F. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Little information is available regarding the burden of living with and managing epidermolysis bullosa, including the distinct challenges faced by patients with different disease types/subtypes.

Methods
A 90-question/item survey was developed to collect demographics, diagnostic data, management practices, and burden of illness information for patients with epidermolysis bullosa living in the United States. Recruitment was conducted via email and social media in partnership with epidermolysis bullosa patient advocacy organizations in the United States, and the survey was conducted via telephone interview by a third-party health research firm. Respondents aged ≥ 18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa or caring for a patient with a confirmed diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa were eligible to participate in the survey.

Results
In total, 156 responses were received from patients (n = 63) and caregivers (n = 93) representing the epidermolysis bullosa types of simplex, junctional, and dystrophic (subtypes: dominant and recessive). A large proportion of patients (21%) and caregivers (32%) reported that the condition was severe or very severe, and 19% of patients and 26% of caregivers reported a visit to an emergency department in the 12 months prior to the survey. Among the types/subtypes represented, recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa results in the greatest wound burden, with approximately 60% of patients and caregivers reporting wounds covering > 30% of total body area. Wound care is time consuming and commonly requires significant caregiver assistance. Therapeutic options are urgently needed and reducing the number and severity of wounds was generally ranked as the most important treatment factor.

Conclusions
Survey responses demonstrate that epidermolysis bullosa places a considerable burden on patients, their caregivers, and their families. The limitations caused by epidermolysis bullosa mean that both patients and caregivers must make difficult choices and compromises regarding education, career, and home life. Finally, survey results indicate that epidermolysis bullosa negatively impacts quality of life and causes financial burden to patients and their families.