Abstract 1670: Characterization of the chick chorioallantoic membrane tumor model in comparison with various xenograft mouse tumors
Authors: Saito Tomoki , Ohashi Shinya , Mizumoto Ayaka , Kikuchi Osamu , Matsumoto Kotaro , Komatsu Aoi , Naganuma Seiji , Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Hirohashi Kenshiro , Yoshioka Masahiro , Tamaoki Masashi , Funakoshi Makiko , Tamanoi Fuyuhiko , Muto Manabu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) tumor model is an in vivo three-dimensional culture model that is easy to use and inexpensive, has no ethical issues, and has been used in cancer research, although the success rate of generating CAM tumors varies among reports. We analyzed the success rate of CAM tumors from patient-derived xenograft (PDX) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and many cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) tumors of different cancer types, and we sought to determine which factors affected the success rate of generating CAM tumors.
Method: We used patient cancer tissue (ESCC) and/or commercially available 12 tumorigenic cancer cell lines (esophageal cancer [TE-11 and HCE4], pancreatic cancer [CFPA-1, MIA PaCa2, and PANC-1], lung cancer [A549 and H358], skin cancer [A431 and B16F10], and biliary tract cancer [HuCCT-1, TFK-1, and MzchA2]) to generate xenograft tumors. Small (1- to 2-mm) pieces of xenograft tumors were grafted onto the CAMs of fertilized eggs. After incubating for an additional 7 to 9 days at 37.5°C and 65% humidity, nodules were observed on the assigned locations of each CAM. On the basis of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, we calculated the success rate of the CAM tumor engraftment. H&E staining was also performed with parental PDX or CDX tumors as well as parental ESCC tissues, to compare them with CAM tumors.
Results: A total of 29 xenograft tumors were transplanted onto CAMs. The overall success rate in generating CAM tumors was 19/29 (66%). The CAM tumors were histologically quite similar to those of their parental CDX or PDX tumors, and the CAM tumors from PDX ESCC were also histologically similar to their parent ESCC tumors. Tumor pieces from poorly-differentiated xenograft tumors (including PDX ESCC) generated CAM tumors with a 90% success rate (19/21), in comparison with well-differentiated xenograft tumors, whose success rate was 0% (0/8).
Conclusion: The overall success rate in generating CAM tumors, especially from poorly differentiated tumors, seems acceptable. The histological similarity between CAM tumors and both parent xenograft and parent tumors from humans indicates that the CAM tumor model is a promising in vivo model for the study of poorly differentiated tumors. As for well-differentiated tumors, this model has to be further optimized to increase the success rate of engraftment.
Citation Format: Tomoki Saito, Shinya Ohashi, Ayaka Mizumoto, Osamu Kikuchi, Kotaro Matsumoto, Aoi Komatsu, Seiji Naganuma, Yoshihiro Yamamoto, Kenshiro Hirohashi, Masahiro Yoshioka, Masashi Tamaoki, Makiko Funakoshi, Fuyuhiko Tamanoi, Manabu Muto. Characterization of the chick chorioallantoic membrane tumor model in comparison with various xenograft mouse tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1670.