bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entreprendre maintenant ou plus tard ?
Authors: Gabay-Mariani Laëtitia , Boissin Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2020

Face à la nécessité d’individualiser les pratiques d’accompagnement à la création d’entreprise, être en mesure de caractériser des profils d’entrepreneurs est devenu aujourd’hui fondamental pour les acteurs de l’écosystème entrepreneurial. Dans la continuité des efforts destinés à mieux comprendre les étudiants-entrepreneurs, notre recherche questionne les profils d’engagement les plus à même de favoriser un investissement personnel dans leur projet. Une enquête a été réalisée en juillet 2018 auprès de 139 individus détenteurs du statut national étudiant-entrepreneur (SNEE). Elle vise à comprendre quelles logiques d’engagement découlent respectivement d’une intention d’entreprendre à l’issue de ses études ou à plus long terme dans sa carrière professionnelle, et si elle mène à l’investissement personnel effectif du porteur dans son projet. Ces profils d’engagement ont été établis à partir du modèle d’Allen et Meyer, qui différencie l’engagement affectif, normatif et calculé. Les résultats mettent en valeur les logiques d’engagement favorisant l’investissement de l’étudiant-entrepreneur dans la création d’entreprise. Leur identification peut permettre aux professionnels de l’accompagnement d’adapter leur offre à la diversité des trajectoires, mais également de prévenir les risques liés à un engagement déséquilibré.
Les économies du Golfe et la transition énergétique. Vers une ère post-pétrolière ?
Authors: Le Picard Hugo 
Published: March 2020

Les économies des pays du golfe Arabo-Persique sont très dépendantes du pétrole qu’elles exportent surtout vers l’Asie. Cette source d’énergie – considérée comme partiellement responsable du réchauffement climatique – est amenée à être de moins en moins demandée. Les États de la région anticipent les conséquences de cette baisse de la demande en cherchant à diversifier leur économie. Ils investissent dans les énergies moins polluantes comme le gaz et les centrales solaires.
Sur la Russie : penser européen
Authors: Kuźniar Roman , Philolingua  
Published: March 2020

Il faut entretenir un dialogue avec la Russie. Mais en sachant qu’elle hérite d’une culture politique différente de celle des pays occidentaux ; et que son dirigeant actuel a des objectifs de puissance peu compatibles avec les nôtres. Il serait utile de redécouvrir le concept de la CSCE, c’est-à-dire d’échanges sur l’ensemble des domaines qui nous concernent, avec une Union européenne délaissant les logiques bilatérales pour manœuvrer solidairement, sur des perspectives définies en commun.
La Chine, championne technologique ou géant empêtré ?
Authors: Allard Patrick 
Published: March 2020

La Chine est-elle le chef de file de l’innovation mondiale, et donc le premier concurrent technologique des économies occidentales ? La réalité est plus ambiguë. Les responsables chinois diagnostiquent au contraire un retard notable du pays, auquel est censé remédier le plan Made in China . Le succès est incertain, à la fois du fait de l’ambiguïté des rapports entre politiques publiques et dynamiques privées, et de l’absence de réformes favorables à l’innovation et aux progrès de productivité.
Tunisie, 2011-2020 : la démocratie contre l’efficience de l’action publique ?
Authors: Ayari Michaël 
Published: March 2020

Après le renversement du régime de Ben Ali en 2011, la Tunisie a mis en place un système politique visant à éviter une trop forte concentration du pouvoir. Toutefois, ce nouveau système n’est pas satisfaisant : il a abouti à une telle dispersion du pouvoir que l’action publique en devient inefficace et minée par le clientélisme. De profondes réformes doivent être conduites pour rendre les gouvernements plus efficaces et légitimes. Sinon, la tentation autoritaire pourrait faire son retour.
À Vintimille, des médiateurs entre contrôle et solidarité
Authors: Trucco Daniela 
Published: March 2020

Depuis juin 2013, Vintimille, à la frontière franco-italienne, est devenu l’un des lieux symboliques du retour des frontières en Europe et de la remise en question de l’espace Schengen. Des milliers de personnes, non ressortissantes de l’UE y ont été immobilisées. Avec l’arrivée d’organisations non gouvernementales et l’ouverture d’un camp de transit, le rôle de médiateur linguistique et culturel s’est institutionnalisé et un certain nombre d’exilé·es se sont progressivement formé·es à ce rôle. Assumer cette fonction à la frontière peut pourtant être douloureux.
Menace sur l’aide médicale d’État
Authors: Izambert Caroline 
Published: March 2020

À l’automne 2019, à l’approche du vote du budget, l’aide médicale d’État, dispositif de couverture maladie des personnes en situation irrégulière, a été au centre de tous les débats. Alors qu’Emmanuel Macron s’était engagé à préserver le dispositif pendant la campagne présidentielle, son gouvernement n’a pas résisté à la tentation de réformer l’accès aux soins des étrangers, malgré les vives protestations des associations et du monde médical 1 . Il a en outre mis en place un délai de carence pour l’accès à l’assurance maladie des demandeurs et demandeuses d’asile. Autant de mesures qui invitent à revenir sur l’histoire d’un dispositif – l’AME – écartelé entre politique migratoire, combat pour les droits, et santé publique.
Cataract and Ocular Hypertension in Children on Inhaled Corticosteroid Therapy
Authors: Behbehani Abdulmutalib H. , Owayed Abdulla F. , Hijazi Zeinat M. , Eslah Esmail A. , Al-Jazzaf Adel M. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
To ascertain the incidence of posterior subcapsular cataract and ocular hypertension in a cohort of children ⩽ 12 years on inhaled steroid therapy.

Patients and Methods:
In this prospective study, a detailed history regarding corticosteroid therapy was obtained for children attending an asthma clinic. The presence and type of lens changes (cataract) was recorded and intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured. The children underwent another eye examination 2 years later.

Results:
Ninety-five patients were enrolled in the study. Mean patient age was 7±3 years, and mean duration of inhaled steroid therapy was 2±1 years. Thirty-six percent of patients received inhaled steroids exclusively, 61% received inhaled steroids with a short course of oral steroids, and 3% received inhaled steroids with a long course of oral steroids. Only 3 (3%) patients had cortical changes that were not visually significant, and none had posterior subcapsular or nuclear cataract. There was no significant differences between children with cataract and those without cataract with respect to age; duration of asthma; and duration, average daily dose, and cumulative dose of inhaled steroids. IOP ranged from 11 to 20 mm Hg (mean, 16±3 mm Hg). None of the children had ocular hypertension or glaucoma. Ninety patients underwent eye examination 2 years later; none was found to develop posterior subcapsular cataract or increased IOP.

Conclusion:
This study indicates the use of inhaled steroids in children with asthma is probably safe as far as not inducing posterior subcapsular cataract or ocular hypertension.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:23–27.
Corneal Transplants for the Treatment of Congenital Corneal Opacities
Authors: Michaeli Adi , Markovich Aryeh , Rootman David S. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose:
To describe the results of corneal transplants in infants and young children with congenital corneal disorders.

Methods:
The charts of 38 children who underwent corneal transplantation for congenital corneal opacities from 1988 to 1999 at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, were reviewed. Parameters reviewed included indication, age at diagnosis and surgery, graft size, graft clarity, repeat surgery, glaucoma pre- and post-surgery, visual acuity, and refraction.

Results:
Thirty-eight children (63 eyes) underwent 86 corneal transplants. The four most common indications for surgery included posterior polymorphous dystrophy, Peters anomaly, congenital glaucoma, and sclerocornea. Mean follow-up was 40.4±30.2 months (range, 2–111 months). Seventy-eight percent of the grafts were clear at the final follow-up visit. There were 23 repeat grafts in the entire group.

Conclusions:
The overall success rate of graft clarity was 78% for children undergoing corneal transplantation for congenitally opaque corneas. Best results were achieved in patients with posterior polymorphous dystrophy, followed by patients with Peters anomaly. Sclerocornea and congenital glaucoma carried a 50% chance of success, with repeated transplants needed for many of the eyes.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:34–44.
The SCFβ-TrCP E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Regulates Immune Receptor Signaling by Targeting the Negative Regulatory Protein TIPE2
Authors: Lou Yunwei , Han Meijuan , Song Yaru , Zhong Jiateng , Zhang Wen , Chen Youhai H. , Wang Hui 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
TNFAIP8-like 2 (TIPE2) is a negative regulator of immune receptor signaling that maintains immune homeostasis. Dysregulated TIPE2 expression has been observed in several types of human immunological disorders. However, how TIPE2 expression is regulated remains to be determined. We report in this study that the SCFβ-TrCP E3 ubiquitin ligase regulates TIPE2 protein abundance by targeting it for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation via the 26S proteasome. Silencing of either cullin-1 or β-TrCP1 resulted in increased levels of TIPE2 in immune cells. TAK1 phosphorylated the Ser3 in the noncanonical degron motif of TIPE2 to trigger its interaction with β-TrCP for subsequent ubiquitination and degradation. Importantly, the amount of TIPE2 protein in immune cells determined the strength of TLR 4–induced signaling and downstream gene expression. Thus, our study has uncovered a mechanism by which SCFβ-TrCP E3 ubiquitin ligase regulates TLR responses.
Homeostatic Milieu Induces Production of Deoxyribonuclease 1–like 3 from Myeloid Cells
Authors: Inokuchi Shoichiro , Mitoma Hiroki , Kawano Shotaro , Nakano Shota , Ayano Masahiro , Kimoto Yasutaka , Akahoshi Mitsuteru , Arinobu Yojiro , Tsukamoto Hiroshi , Akashi Koichi , Horiuchi Takahiko , Niiro Hiroaki 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
DNase 1–like 3 (DNase1L3), which belongs to DNase1 family, was originally identified as one of apoptosis- and necrosis-related endonucleases that fragmentate intranucleosomal DNA. A loss-of-function mutation has been reported in murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in familial SLE patients. These reports suggest DNase1L3 plays an important role in the prevention of developing SLE; however, expression and function of DNase1L3 in human immune systems have been largely unclarified. As previous reports showed DNase1L3 is expressed in hematopoietic organs, we first analyzed expression levels of DNase1L3 in each subset of human peripheral blood cells by quantitative real-time PCR. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells showed the highest expression levels of DNase1L3 mRNA among peripheral blood cells. IL-4 enhanced DNase1L3 expression in monocytes, monocyte-derived dendritic cells, and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), but not in T cells, B cells, or plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Together with IL-4, all-trans retinoic acid and apoptotic cells efficiently upregulated expression of DNalse1L3 in MDMs. As a result of intracellular signaling analysis, Jak1-IRS2-ERK/PI3K pathway was essential for IL-4–induced DNase1L3 expression. IL-4–treated monocyte-derived dendritic cells and MDMs secreted active DNase1L3 protein that could degrade liposome–DNA complexes, which were resistant to DNase1. Our results indicate DNase1L3 is secreted by innate immune cells and may play a critical role in the tissue homeostasis and on prevention of developing autoimmunity by degrading self-DNA.
Clarifying the Role of Mg2Si and Si in Localized Corrosion of Aluminum Alloys by Quasi In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Kairy Shravan K. , Birbilis Nick 
Published: March 2020

The role of magnesium silicide (Mg2Si) and silicon (Si) particles in the localized corrosion of aluminum (Al) alloys was investigated herein. Sub-micrometer-sized Mg2Si and Si particles were grown in the Al matrix of Al-Mg-Si and Al-Si alloys, respectively, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A quasi in situ TEM technique was used to study an identical location containing Mg2Si or Si particle in the Al matrix, prior to and following a period of immersion in 0.1 M NaCl at pH 6, 2, and 12. At pH 6 and 2, Mg2Si was initially “anodic,” preferentially dealloying via selective dissolution of Mg, resulting in the development of SiO-rich remnants that are electrochemically inert. The SiO-rich remnants at pH 2 physically detached from the Al matrix. Silicon particles were electrochemically inert at pH 6, while “cathodic” at pH 2, dissolving the Al matrix at their periphery. It was observed that copper (Cu) was redeposited on Si particles at pH 2. At pH 12, Mg2Si and Si were “cathodic” to the Al matrix. This study clarifies, and provides new insights into, the characteristics of Al alloy physical manifestation of corrosion associated with Mg2Si and Si at the nanoscale.
Opioid overdoses: Emerging clinical challenges
Authors: Ramos, BSN, RN, MSPH Andrea , Sarmiento, RN Lina , Dietz, PhD Noella , Cordero, MD Nelson , Levy, MD-MPH Ximena , Hennekens, MD, DrPH Charles H. 
Published: March 2020

Objective: Analysis of a large consecutive case series of cases brought to an Emergency Department (ED).Design: Retrospective chart review.Setting: Emergency Department in Broward County, Florida.Patients: Medical records of patients with registered diagnoses of opioid overdose in 2016 and 2017.Outcomes: Demographics, toxicology results, mental-health comorbidities, use/response to naloxone, and hospital disposition.Results: Seven hundred and seventy nine opioid-overdose cases were identified (35 percent female, 65 percent male; age 36.2). Heroin intoxication was registered in 77 percent of discharge diagnoses, and 17.7 percent were prescription pain medications. Urine samples were collected in 39 percent and 81.5 percent of patients received naloxone (mean dose 4.0 mg ± 2.2). Sixty-five percent of cases were discharged home, 17.5 percent left the ED against medical advice, and 17.5 percent were admitted to the hospital/intensive care unit/behavioral unit.Conclusion: There is an alarming number of visits to the ED due to opioid overdoses with differences in age and gender. Clinicians are facing diagnostic, treatment and follow-up challenges for the management of these cases.
“From Citizens to Refugees”: Japanese Canadians and the Search for Wartime Sanctuary
Authors: Madokoro Laura 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBeginning in 1942, almost 22,000 Japanese Canadians were removed from their homes on the West Coast of British Columbia. While some citizens privately understood their situation as akin to other histories of displacement, they never discussed their situation publicly using the language of refugeehood or exile. By contrast, the Cooperative Committee on Japanese Canadians, which protested the federal government’s deportation of Japanese Canadians in 1946, cloaked the wartime experience of Japanese Canadians using these very terms. To understand these variations in approaches, this article focuses on the question of what is signified when the term refugee is used in public debates about citizenship and state responsibilities. It begins by framing the stakes of this question by highlighting the debate over the term refugee in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. It then explores the experiences of journalist Muriel Kitagawa and her family as they sought refuge in Toronto and the activism of religious leaders who advocated on behalf of Japanese Canadian internees (with reference to a parallel history in the United States). The article concludes by considering the ways in which histories of internment have been memorialized in relation to other accounts of mass displacement. In doing so, the article advances the concept of “refugee distancing” as a way of understanding the reaction of citizens to the idea that they might become refugees. In the context of the Second World War, supporters’ use of the term refugee was a calculated political strategy meant to evoke the promises of citizenship, but it was also one that inadvertently highlighted the vulnerabilities at the core of racialized citizenship experiences, to the detriment of the very citizens the language was meant to assist.
“Assets of War”: Strategic Displacements, Population Movements, and the Uses of Refugees during the Vietnam War, 1965–1973
Authors: Vong Sam 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Long before the emigration of thousands of people out of Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos at the end of the Vietnam War, the United States and the government of the Republic of Vietnam were confronted with a “refugee problem” in South Vietnam, where more than three million civilians were displaced between 1965 and 1969. This article examines how officials of the United States and the South Vietnam government sought to address the ever-growing crisis of internally displaced people. It analyzes three ways in which the United States and the GVN used the processes of displacement and displaced civilians to gain political advantage by transforming uprooted villagers into “assets of war,” to manage displaced populations by creating a classification system, and to engineer population movements for nation-building projects. These different approaches reveal the importance of displacement as a wartime strategy and the role that displaced villagers served as resources of war.
Investigate the anxiety between undergraduate and postgraduate nursing students and its relation to their socio-demographic characteristics
Authors: Theodosios Paralikas , Vaia Karaventza , Evangelia Kotrotsiou , Maria Malliarou , Eleni Lahana , Elias Tsagalas , Styliani Kotrotsiou 
Published: March 2020

Objective: Anxiety is a warning sign for an upcoming risk and is a common reaction of most people reacting to stressful events. The purpose of this study was to investigate anxiety between undergraduate and postgraduate students in nursing and its relation to their socio-demographic characteristics.Methods: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study with a study sample of comprised of n = 177 nursing students, n1 = 121 undergraduate students and n2 = 56 postgraduate students. The collection of the empirical data was carried out using a fully structured and Self-reported questionnaire which recorded their individual characteristics and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The statistical analysis was conducted using the software package SPSS.Results: State anxiety was not found to differ significantly between undergraduate and postgraduate students. While Trait and Total Anxiety differed significantly, showing higher mean levels for undergraduate students. Moreover, the students of the last two years of study had a higher mean level of State Anxiety compared to the students of the first year of study.Conclusions: The majority of undergraduate and postgraduate students showed relatively low levels of anxiety. Animportant factor to predict anxiety in undergraduate students was the year of study, while for the postgraduate students were age and marital status.
Strategic Cost shifting in the Swedish District Heating and Electricity Markets
Authors: Söderberg Magnus 
Published: March 2020

Firms that operate combined heat and power (CHP) plants in Sweden face strong incentives to let their district heating (DH) customers subsidize the sales of electricity. This study investigates whether firms exploit the variation in competitive intensity across the two markets and 1) shift costs from electricity to DH, and 2) pass on any cost increase to consumers. A major empirical challenge is that firms endogenously decide whether to operate a CHP plant or not. Two different matching procedures are used to circumvent this problem. The results show that 1) compared with a similar non-CHP firm, the average CHP firm reports a DH cost that is 20-25% higher, 2) the extra cost that CHP firms report is fully passed on to consumers and 3) with reported costs, the price-cost margin is 8% for both groups and with imputed costs the margin increases to 30-35% for the CHP firms. The results are consistent with the presence of strategic cost shifting, which can be tackled through either stricter accounting rules or DH price regulation.
Behavioral Anomalies and Energy-related Individual Choices: The Role of Status-quo Bias
Authors: Blasch Julia , Daminato Claudio 
Published: March 2020

The literature on the energy-efficiency gap discusses the status-quo bias as a behavioral anomaly that potentially increases a household’s energy consumption. We empirically investigate the extent to which the status-quo bias is linked to residential electricity consumption through two channels: non-replacement of old appliances and overuse of appliances. Using data from a large household survey conducted in three European countries, we find that our measure of status-quo bias is a significant predictor of both the age of home appliances and the level of a household’s consumption of energy services. This is also reflected in the total electricity consumption, which is found to be around 6% higher when the household head is status-quo biased. We thus provide empirical evidence that the status-quo bias may represent a substantial barrier to increasing residential energy efficiency. Our findings prompt policy makers to design instruments that take this barrier into account.
Are Energy Executives Rewarded for Luck?
Authors: Davis Lucas W. , Hausman Catherine 
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we examine executive compensation data from 78 major U.S. oil and gas companies over a 24-year period. Perhaps in no other industry are the fortunes of so many executives so dependent on a single global commodity price. We find that a 10% increase in oil prices is associated with a 2% increase in executive compensation. This oil price effect holds for both CEOs and non-CEOs and separately for several different individual components of compensation, including bonuses. We find that the oil price effect is larger in companies with more insiders on the board, and asymmetric, with executive compensation rising with increasing oil prices more than it falls with decreasing oil prices. We then discuss potential mechanisms drawn from the broader existing literature on executive compensation.
Transient and Persistent Energy Efficiency in the Wastewater Sector based on Economic Foundations
Authors: Longo Stefano , Chitnis Mona , Mauricio-Iglesias Miguel , Hospido Almudena 
Published: March 2020

Given the increasing importance of the wastewater sector in terms of energy usage, the understanding of the level of energy efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is useful to both the industry itself as well as policy makers. Here, based on economic foundations, we apply a Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) approach for energy demand modelling to estimate energy efficiency in the wastewater sector. Using specific SFA models and panel data from 183 Swiss WWTPs over the period 2001 to 2015, the paper illustrates that distinguishing between persistent and transient inefficiency is essential to deduce appropriate energy efficiency diagnosis in WWTPs. In this respect, persistent energy inefficiency is found to be more severe than transient energy inefficiency. Furthermore, it is shown that the age of the equipment influences the demand for energy and the energy savings due to technological innovation are quantified. Finally, economies of output density and scale are estimated demonstrating that for plants operating below optimal scale significant energy savings can be achieved if plants would be operated at higher size. Moreover, our analysis reveals also that for plants larger than 100,000 Population Equivalent, at least from an energy efficiency point of view, it would be no more beneficial to increase their scale.