bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-breastfeeding stress response and breastfeeding self-efficacy as modifiable predictors of exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum: a longitudinal study
Authors: Shiraishi Mie , Matsuzaki Masayo , Kurihara Shoko , Iwamoto Maki , Shimada Mieko 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of infants at 3 months postpartum is only 50% in Japan. In order to increase this rate, we aimed to examine modifiable factors related to exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum by focusing on breastfeeding-related and psychosocial variables at 1 month postpartum. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in a secondary medical care center in Osaka, Japan from February 2017 to October 2018. Demographic variables, infant feeding modality, breastfeeding-related variables, and psychosocial variables were obtained using questionnaires at 1 month postpartum. Daytime salivary cortisol levels before and after breastfeeding at 1 month postpartum were measured as a biological marker for stress responses associated with breastfeeding. Each infant’s feeding modality was re-assessed at 3 months postpartum. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum. Results: Of the 104 participants, 61 reported exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum. The following factors were significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum: multiparity (adjusted odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 11.13, 2.08–59.59), having a university degree (5.25, 1.04–26.53), no plan to return to work by 6 months postpartum (0.02, 0.00–0.46), exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month postpartum (42.84, 6.05–303.52), lower cortisol level after breastfeeding at 1 month postpartum (0.00, 0.00–0.02), and higher breastfeeding self-efficacy scale score at 1 month postpartum (1.07, 1.00–1.14). In parity-specific analyses, exclusive breastfeeding (25.33, 4.75–134.98) and lower cortisol level after breastfeeding (0.00, 0.00–0.21) at 1 month postpartum in primiparous women, and lower cortisol level after breastfeeding (0.00, 0.00–0.94), higher breastfeeding self-efficacy score (1.18, 1.05–1.32), and absence of breast complications (0.09, 0.01-0.82) at 1 month postpartum in multiparous women were associated with exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum. Conclusions: Stress levels after breastfeeding, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and presence of breast complications could be modifiable factors related to subsequent exclusive breastfeeding. Further research is needed to examine whether approaches to reducing breastfeeding-related stress, improving breastfeeding self-efficacy, and preventing breast complications during lactation are effective to increase exclusive breastfeeding practices.
The impact of frailty in aortic valve surgery.&nbsp;
Authors: berastegui elisabet , CAmara Maria Luisa , Moret Enrique , Casas Irma , Badia Sara , Gallego Claudio FErnandez , Delgado Luis , Julia Ignasi , Llorens Anna , Romero Bernat , Genis Antoni Bayes , Guijosa Christian Muñoz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Frailty is a geriatric syndrome that diminishes potential functional recovery after any surgical procedure. Preoperative surgical risk assessment is crucial to calibrate the risk and benefit of cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to test usefulness of FRAIL Scale and other surgical-risk-scales and individual features of frailty in cardiac aortic valve surgery. Methods: Prospective study. From May-2014 to February-2016, we collected 200 patients who underwent aortic valve replacement, either surgically or transcatheter. At 1-year follow-up, quality of life measurements were recorded using the EQ-5D (EuroQol). Univariate and multivariate analyses correlated preoperative condition, features of frailty and predicted risk scores with mortality, morbidity and quality of life at 1 year of follow-up. Results: Mean age 78.2y, 56%male. Mean-preoperative-scores: FRAIL scale 1.5(SD 1.02), STS 2.9(SD 1.13), BI 93.8(SD 7.3), ESlog I 12.8(SD 8.5) and GS 7.3s (SD 1.9). Morbidity at discharge, 6 m and 1 year was 51%, 14% and 28%. Mortality 4%. Survival at 6m/ 1-y was 97% / 88%. Complication-rate was higher in TAVI group due to-vascular complications. Renal dysfunction, anemia, social dependence and GS slower than 7 seconds were associated with morbidity. On multivariate analysis adjusted STS, BI and GS speed were statistically significant. Quality of life at 1-year follow-up adjusted for age and prosthesis type showed a significant association with STS and FRAIL scale scores. Conclusions: Frailty increases surgical risk and is associated with higher morbidity. Preoperative GS slower 7 s, and STS and FRAIL scale scores seem to be reliable predictors of quality of life at 1-year follow-up.
Moral neutralization: Nurses' evolution in unethical climate workplaces
Authors: Hakimi Hamideh , Joolaee Soodabeh , Farahani Mansoureh Ashghali , Rodney Patricia , Ranjbar Hadi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction

Good quality of care is dependent on nurses’ strong clinical skills and strong moral competencies, as well. However, the moral performance of some nurses in some organizations shows a deterioration in their moral sensitivity and actions. The aim of the study reported on in this paper was to explore the experiences of nurses regarding negative changes in their moral practice.

Materials and Methods

This was a qualitative study utilizing a inductive thematic analysis approach, which was conducted from February 2017 to September 2019. Twenty-five nurses participated in semi-structured interviews.

Results

The main theme that emerged from our analysis was one of moral neutralization in the context of an unethical moral climate. We found five sub-themes, including: (1) feeling discouraged; (2) normalization; (3) giving up; (4) becoming a justifier; and (5) moral indifference.

Conclusions

Unethical moral climates in health organizations can result in deterioration of morality in nurses which can harm both pateints and health syetms. Some unethical behaviors in nurses can be explaiened by this process.
ESCRT machinery plays a role in microautophagy in yeast
Authors: Morshed Shamsul , Tasnin Most Naoshia , Ushimaru Takashi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Microautophagy, which degrades cargos by direct lysosomal/vacuolar engulfment of cytoplasmic cargos, is promoted after nutrient starvation and the inactivation of target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) protein kinase. In budding yeast, microautophagy has been commonly assessed using processing assays with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged vacuolar membrane proteins, such as Vph1 and Pho8. The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) system is proposed to be required for microautophagy, because degradation of vacuolar membrane protein Vph1 was compromised in ESCRT-defective mutants. However, ESCRT is also critical for the vacuolar sorting of most vacuolar proteins, and hence reexamination of the involvement of ESCRT in microautophagic processes is required.Results: Here, we show that the Vph1-GFP processing assay is unsuitable for estimating the involvement of ESCRT in microautophagy, because Vph1-GFP accumulated highly in the prevacuolar class E compartment in ESCRT mutants. In contrast, GFP-Pho8 and Sna4-GFP destined for vacuolar membranes via an alternative adaptor protein-3 (AP-3) pathway, were properly localized on vacuolar membranes in ESCRT-deficient cells. Nevertheless, microautophagic degradation of GFP-Pho8 and Sna4-GFP after TORC1 inactivation was hindered in ESCRT mutants, indicating that ESCRT is indeed required for microautophagy after nutrient starvation and TORC1 inactivation.Conclusions: These findings provide evidence for the direct role of ESCRT in microautophagy induction.
Comparison of Ultrasound Cycloplasty and Transscleral Cyclophotocoagulation for Refractory Glaucoma in Chinese Population
Authors: Yu Qiuli , Liang Ya , Ji Fangfang , Yuan Zhilan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

To compare the efficacy and safety of focused ultrasound cycloplasty (UCP) and transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCP) in the treatment of refractory glaucoma in a Chinese population.

Methods

We retrospective compared twenty-eight eligible patients with refractory glaucoma, who were divided into the UCP group and TSCP group. Patients in these two groups underwent a corresponding procedure from June 2018 to February 2019. The intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, the number of anti-glaucoma agents used and complications were reviewed and compared between groups. Proper statistical methods were selected according to comparison models under IBM SPSS 25 software.

Results

After the 12-months follow-up, postoperative IOP and number of anti-glaucoma agents used in the two groups were both reduced than the baseline level, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in IOP, number of anti-glaucoma agents and the best-corrected visual acuity between the two groups at each follow-up time point (P＞0.05). In terms of complications, the pain at 1 day after surgery in the UCP group was significantly milder than that in the TSCP group (P<0.05). And there were no significant differences in other complications between the two groups (P>0.05).

Conclusions

Both UCP and TSCP are safe and effective methods for the treatment of refractory glaucoma. Nevertheless, pain is less severe after UCP.
Low concentration effects and different outcome in repeated reproduction tests with silver nanoparticles, silver nitrate and Folsomia candida (Collembola)
Authors: Zhang Xin , Filser Juliane 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) has been studied frequently due to a rise in application in various products. Various studies on AgNP toxicity with terrestrial and aquatic organisms confirmed their negative effects. In our previous experiments, strong variability was observed in the reproduction of Collembola (Folsomia candida) in different repeats. To investigate the effects of silver on the reproduction of Folsomia candida, they were exposed in laboratory controlled conditions to AgNP and silver nitrate (AgNO3) at a concentration of 30 mg/kg dry soil for 28 days and compared to controlled individuals not exposed to silver. The temporal variability of the reproduction using Folsomia candida and its sensitivity to silver was explored by repeating the tests were four times in April, July, October and January through out one year. Results While adult survival was similar in all treatments and seasons, reproduction in the control increased from April to October. Significantly lower reproduction was found in January with only 385-424 juveniles per vessel, compared to 504-633 individuals in other months. Strong toxic effects of both silver treatments were observed in July, April and October. However, AgNP showed no toxic effects on the reproduction of F. candida in January. The relative toxicity of both substances varied between single experiments: AgNP were more toxic than AgNO3 in April and July, and less toxic in October and January. Conclusion These findings indicate that the reproduction of F. candida in the control had a significant effect on the results of the toxicology experiments. Moreover, we demonstrated the reproductive toxicity of AgNP in soil at a much lower concentration than reported thus far. Therefore, to guarantee reliability and reproducibility, we recommend to disregard any test results where the reproduction rate of F. candida in the control is significantly different from the average in the respective laboratory, even if the validity criteria of the test are met.
The plasma level of mCRP is linked to cardiovascular disease in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis
Authors: Wu Kaili , Liang Qinghui , Huang Bin-Tao , Ding Na , Li Bowei , Hao Jian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
[Background] C-reactive protein (CRP) has two natural isomers: C-reactive protein pentamer (pCRP) and C-reactive protein monomer (mCRP). The levels of CRP are significantly elevated in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). mCRP not only activates the endothelial cells, platelets, leukocytes, and complements, but also has a proinflammatory structural subtype that can localize and deposit in inflammatory tissues. Thus, it regulates a variety of clinical diseases, such as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, Alzheimer’s disease, age-related macular degeneration, and cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that plasma mCRP levels are related to cardiovascular disease in AAV. [Methods] In this cross-sectional study, 37 patients with AAV were assessed. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and mCRP in plasma were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was diagnosed by coronary angiography, and the Gensini score calculated. Echocardiography evaluated the ejection fraction (EF%), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated based on serum creatinine, age, and gender. [Results] The plasma level of mCRP in AAV was significantly higher than that in healthy volunteers (P<0.001). Then, mCRP and CRP levels were compared with and without STEMI complications in AAV. The plasma level of mCRP was higher, but that of CRP was lower in STEMI. The plasma level of mCRP was correlated with Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS), eGFR, BNP, EF%, LVEDV, LVESV, LVMI, and STEMI complications’ Gensini score in AAV; however, CRP did not correlate with BNP, EF%, LVEDV, LVESV, LVMI, and Gensini score.[Conclusions] The plasma level of mCRP was related to cardiovascular diseases in AAV patients.
The changes of gut microbiota in drug-naïve first-episode MDD patients under treatment by SSRIs
Authors: Shen Yang , Yang Xiao , Li Gaofei , Xing Xiaoxi , Li Zhiyong , Huang Yichen , Gao Jiayu , Liang Ying 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Recently, several studies reported that transplanting stool from depressed patients could induce depression-like behaviors in mice. In addition, antidepressants presented not only antidepressant effects, but also antibacterial effects in those animals. Therefore, this study firstly investigated on the changes of gut microbiota in depressed patients under effective antidepressant treatment.Methods: We recruited 30 patients with drug-naive first-episode MDD (Patients group) and 30 healthy controls (Control group), and collected their stool samples to complete 16S rRNA sequencing. Next, Patients group received 20 mg/d of escitalopram. After the symptoms improved, the feces of Patients group were collected and marked as Follow-up group to complete sequencing for the second time. We then investigated into the differences of gut microbiota between patients (Patients and Follow-up groups) and controls (Control group), the characteristics of gut microbiota under treatment, and the potential differences in metabolic functions. Results: A significant difference in gut microbiota abundance was found after escitalopram treatment. The Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio significantly decreased in the Follow-up group. After treatment, the species diversity of gut microbiota tended to be back to normal state in Follow-up group. The mainly difference of metabolic function were found as follows: Transport and catabolism, Nervous system, Glycan biosynthesis and metabolism.Conclusions: Under escitalopram treatment, the gut microbiota diversity of MDD patients tended to back to normal state. However, several structures and metabolic pathways in microbes remained differences between patients and controls, which might be related to the relapse of MDD.
Flagella by numbers: comparative genomic analysis of the supernumerary flagellar systems among the Enterobacterales
Authors: De Maayer Pieter , Pillay Talia , Coutinho Teresa A 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Flagellar motility is an efficient means of movement that allows bacteria to successfully colonize and compete with other microorganisms within their respective environments. The production and functioning of flagella is highly energy intensive and therefore flagellar motility is a tightly regulated process. Despite this, some bacteria have been observed to possess multiple flagellar systems which allow distinct forms of motility. Results: Comparative genomic analyses showed that, in addition to the previously identified primary peritrichous (flag-1) and secondary, lateral (flag-2) flagellar loci, three novel types of flagellar loci, varying in both gene content and gene order, are encoded on the genomes of members of the order Enterobacterales. The flag-3 and flag-4 loci encode predicted peritrichous flagellar systems while the flag-5 locus encodes a polar flagellum. In total, 798/4,028 (~20%) of the studied taxa incorporate dual flagellar systems, while nineteen taxa incorporate three distinct flagellar loci. Phylogenetic analyses indicate the complex evolutionary histories of the flagellar systems among the Enterobacterales. Conclusions: Supernumerary flagellar loci are relatively common features across a broad taxonomic spectrum in the order Enterobacterales. Here, we report the occurrence of five (flag-1 to flag-5) flagellar loci on the genomes of enterobacterial taxa, as well as the occurrence of three flagellar systems in select members of the Enterobacterales. Considering the energetic burden of maintaining and operating multiple flagellar systems, they are likely to play a role in the ecological success of members of this family and we postulate on their potential biological functions.
Comparison of IOL Power Calculated by Preoperative Biometry versus Intraoperative Wavefront Aberrometry in Thai Cataract Patients.
Authors: Khambhiphant Bharkbhum , Thanyaporn Sribenjapanon 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: As people now are expecting more precise and predictable results from cataract surgery. We need to find agreement between the calculated intraocular lens (IOL) power from using the SRK/T based preoperative biometry and the intraoperative wavefront aberrometry (ORA®) in Thai cataract patients. Methods: Eyes that underwent cataract surgery with monofocal or multifocal IOL implantation were enrolled in this prospective study. All eye biometry was measured preoperatively and the ORA intraoperatively. The SRK/T suggested IOL from the preoperative biometry was chosen in all cases. The suggested power and the estimated refraction (EST) from both devices were collected. Bland Altman analysis was used to find the agreement between them. The predicted EST of implanted IOL from both devices were compared with the one-month postoperative SE. Results: The study comprised 97 eyes (79 patients). Of these, 38 eyes (39.2%) had the same suggested IOL power, 36 eyes (37.1%) were within ±0.5D, 20 eyes (20.6%) were within ±1.0D and 3 eyes were beyond ±1.0D. Bland-Altman analysis found the mean difference between IOL power calculated from both devices was 0.39 with LoA of -0.54 to 1.31. The correlation was 98.50% (95%CI 98%- 99.10%). In the same suggested IOL power group, the median difference of EST by preoperative biometry and ORA compared with one-month postoperative SE were -0.08 (95%CI: -0.08, 1.11), and -0.14 (95%CI: -0.88, 1.2), respectively. Conclusions:The ORA and preoperative biometry results were in concordance with each other. The result of preoperative biometry was more accurate than ORA in this study.
Lnc-RNA CASC15 promotes HCC progression via modulation of Six1 targeted by miR-2355-5p
Authors: Hong Han , Sui Chengjun , Qian Tao , Xu Xiaoyong , Zhu Xiang , Fei Qiang , Yang Jiamei , Xu Minhui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Long-chain non-coding RNA (LncRNA) plays a key role in the biological processes of tumors. LncRNA CASC15 has been shown to be involved in the development of a variety of tumors. The study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of lncRNA CASC15 in the progression of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Methods: qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of CASC15, miR-2355-5p and Six1 mRNA in HCC tissues and cells. Six1 protein expression levels were detected by Western Blot. CCK-8 experiment, colony formation experiment, Edu staining and Transwell experiment analysis were used to analyze the effects of CASC15, miR-2355-5p and Six1 on cell proliferation, cell invasion and migration. The relationship between CASC15, miR-2355-5p and Six1 was analyzed using bioinformatics analysis and Luciferase. Result: CASC15 was raised in HCC tissues and HCC cells. Down-regulation of CASC15 inhibited the growth, migration, invasion and tumor growth of HCC cells. The expression level of miR-2355-5p was reduced in HCC tissues. In addition, miR-2355-5p inhibitor induced the growth, migration and invasion of HCC cells. MiR-2355-5p was predicted to be a downstream target of CASC15. The expression level of miR-2355-5p was negatively correlated with CASC15 in HCC tumor tissues. Six1 was predicted to be a downstream target of miR-30a-5p. In vitro and in vivo results showed that CASC15/miR-2355-5p can regulate Six1.Conclusion: LncCASC15 regulated the proliferation and invasion of Six1 by binding with miR-2355-5p in HCC, suggesting that CASC15 may be a potential target for HCC.
Therapeutic interventions in Australian primary care, youth mental health settings for young people with Borderline Personality Disorder or borderline traits
Authors: O’Dwyer Nikki , Rickwood Debra , Buckmaster Dean , Watsford Clare 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate what therapeutic interventions were being applied by clinicians working with young people with a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder or borderline traits in Australian primary mental health care settings. Given the current lack of evidence-based guidelines for treatment with this client population, investigating what is being implemented is needed. The study also aimed to determine whether the interventions clinicians are using are effective in reducing distress and increasing functioning for these clients. Methods Participant data came from the national minimum data set for headspace youth mental health centers across Australia. Young people’s data were included in the study if the young person was diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder or borderline traits during their first episode of care (N=701). Clinician data that indicated the type of intervention used at each client session and outcome measures routinely captured were analyzed to determine interventions used and outcomes achieved. Results Results demonstrated that CBT was the most frequently used modality of intervention followed by supportive counselling and IPT, but that most clients received a variety of intervention types. There were no or only weak relationships between changes in outcomes and the amount of any type of intervention that was provided. No significant relationship was found with the amount of CBT a client received and changes in symptoms or functioning, despite being the most commonly employed modality. Conclusions The study highlights the need for evidence-based treatment guidelines for early intervention in young people with borderline personality disorder traits.