bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Clinical Model for Predicting Malignancy of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules: A Multicenter Study in Chinese Population
Authors: He Xia , Xue Ning , Liu Xiaohua , Tang Xuemiao , Peng Songguo , Qu Yuanye , Jiang Lina , Xu Qingxia , Liu Wanli , Chen Shulin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed to establish and validate a novel clinical model to differentiate between benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs). MethodsRecords from 406 patients with SPNs in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were retrospectively reviewed. The data was randomly divided into training cohort and internal validation cohort. Other 190 SPNs patients in Henan Tumor Hospital were used for external validation. The novel prediction model was established using LASSO logistic regression analysis by integrating clinical features, radiologic characteristics and laboratory test data, the calibration of model was analyzed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (HL test). Subsequently, the model was compared with PKUPH and Mayo models using receiver-operating characteristics curve (ROC), decision curve analysis (DCA), net reclassification improvement index (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement index (IDI) with the same data. ResultsA total of 15 variables were screened out and then aggregated to generate new prediction model. The model showed good calibration with the HL test (P = 0.221). The AUC for our model was 0.799, which was higher than other two reported models. DCA also showed our model was superior to the other two reported models. In our model, sensitivity = 70.06%, specificity = 77.08%. Compared with the PKUPH and Mayo models, the NRI of our model increased by 0.301 and 0.469 respectively, and the IDI improved 0.011 and 0.123, respectively. Furthermore, the model was significant positive correlation with PKUPH and Mayo models. Conclusions﻿The novel model in our study had a high clinical value in diagnose of MSPNs.
Loading and Release of Anti -Cancer Drugs Using Simultaneous pH and Temperature Responsive Nanohybrid
Authors: Maleki Reza , Dahri Mohammad , Akbarialiabad Hossein 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTodays, drug nanocarrier development and improving its biophysical properties is one of the updated and intended of nano-biopharmaceutical science researches. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), as a typical carbon structure based nanocarrier, but have some obstacles in drug delivery mechanisms. In that current study, the penetration, loading, and release of Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel, as two anticancer agents, were investigated using a novel modified and functionalized SWCNT.ResultsThis study was carried out using molecular dynamics simulation based on a dual-responsive smart biomaterial. At the in-silico study, Interaction energies between drugs and carriers, numbers of hydrogen bonds, diffusion coefficient, and gyration radius were investigated. The kinetic analysis of drug adsorption and release revealed that, fascinatingly, drug loading and drug release are selective at physiological and cancerous acidic pH, respectively. Interaction of Dimethyl acryl amid-trimethyl chitosan, as a biodegradable and biocompatible hydrogel, with SWCNT indicated that degradation reaction in acidic condition destructs the polymer, which leads to a smart release in cancerous tissue at specific pH. Moreover, it resolves hydrophilicity, optimum nanoparticle size, cell membrane penetration, and cell toxicity concerns.ConclusionsThe simulation results indicated a marvelous role of dimethyl acryl amide-trimethyl chitosan in the adsorption and release of anticancer drugs in normal and neoplastic tissue. The interaction of trimethyl chitosan also improves biocompatibility as well as biodegradability of the carrier. Overall, that novel drug carrier can be a virtuous nanoparticle for loading, transporting, and releasing the anticancer drugs.
Single-cell Differential Splicing Analysis Reveals High Heterogeneity of Liver Tumor-infiltrating T Cells
Authors: Liu Shang , Zhou Biaofeng , Wu Liang , Sun Yan , Chen Jie , Liu Shiping 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) have improved our understanding of the association between tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TILs) heterogeneity and cancer initiation and progression. However, studies investigating alternative splicing (AS) as an important regulatory factor of heterogeneity remain limited. Here, we developed a new computational tool, DESJ-detection, which accurately detects differentially expressed splicing junctions (DESJs) between cell groups at the single-cell level. We analyzed 5,063 T cells of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and identified 1,176 DESJs across 11 T cell subtypes. Interestingly, DESJs were enriched in UTRs, and have putative effects on heterogeneity. Cell subtypes with a similar function closely clustered together at the AS level. Meanwhile, we identified two novel cell states, pre-exhaustion and pre-activation with the isoform markers CD103-201 and ARHGAP15-205. In summary, we present a comprehensive investigation of alternative splicing differences, which provided novel insights into T cell heterogeneity and can be applied to other full-length scRNA-seq datasets.
Somatic Symptom Disorders and Utilization of Health Services among Palestinian Primary Health Care Attendees: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Nazzal Zaher , Maraqa Beesan , Zant Marah Abu , Qaddoumi Layali , Abdallah Rana 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Many primary health care (PHC) clients come in with medically unexplained complaints, leading to frequent consultations and high usage of services and healthcare costs. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) among PHC attendees and explore its relation to other mental conditions and risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to interview 400 attendees. Men and women aged over 18 years old without a psychiatric diagnosis were invited to participate. The Somatization scale of the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire was used to assess somatic symptom disorders. It is a valid tool to be used in a PHC setting. We used the Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression to explore determinant variables.Results: Prevalence of SSD was 32.5% (95%CI= 27.9%-37.1%). The most common symptoms were painful muscles (61.5%) followed by back pain (52.3%). Female gender [adjusted OR = 2.2 (95% CI= 1.3-4)], chronic diseases [adjusted OR = 2 (95%CI=1.1-3.6)], depression [adjusted OR = 3.2 (95%CI= 2.0-5.3)], and anxiety [adjusted OR = 3.0 (95%CI= 1.6-5.5)] were all associated with SSD. In addition, frequent primary health care attendance was found to be associated with SSD [adjusted OR = 2.2 (95%CI= 1.3-4.0)]Conclusions: SSD significantly higher among females, patients with chronic diseases, clients with anxiety and depressive disorders, and patients with frequent doctors' visits. Painful muscles and back pain are the most common symptom presented by patients, and this could be used initially by PHC physicians as a signal to consider for screening.
Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal Para-aortic Lymph Node Biopsy in Advanced Cervical Cancer with Pelvic Lymph Node Metastases: A Single-centre Prospective Study
Authors: Yoshida Kenta , Kondo Eiji , Matsumoto Tsuyoshi , Maki Shintaro , Kaneda Michiko , Nii Masafumi , Hirata Toru , Ikeda Tomoaki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Backgroud: Extended-field concurrent chemoradiation therapy (Ex-CCRT) is widely used for para-aortic lymph node (PAN) metastasis confirmed by radiographic assessment without surgical assessment. The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the clinical value of laparoscopic retroperitoneal PAN biopsy in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) with pelvic lymph node metastases.Methods: From May 2017 to March 2020, patients with stage IIB-IIIB cervical cancer, who were diagnosed with pelvic node metastasis using positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) with SUVmax ≥ 2.0, underwent laparoscopic retroperitoneal PAN biopsy. The radiation fields were extended to the PAN area with pathological metastases.Results: Fourteen patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix at FIGO stage IIB (n=7) and IIIB (n=7). The median operating time was 138 (range, 104–184) minutes. The median number of harvested PANs was 19 (range, 6–36). Three patients were diagnosed as positive for PAN metastasis by histological analysis. In this study, the sensitivity and specificity of PET-CT were 66.7% and 90.9%, respectively.Conclisions: The results of this study revealed that laparoscopic retroperitoneal PAN should be the standard treatment method worldwide because it is not appropriate to determine the radiation field of PAN by image examination without performing a histological assessment.
Perineal Fistula With High Dilated Colon: One of a Special Type of Anorectal Malformations
Authors: Li Sen , Wang Jun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background The perineal fistula with high dilated colon is a rare anomalous in the spectrum of anorectal malformations. The aim of this study is to explore the diagnosis and treatment of this special type of perineal fistula (SPF), and to avoid the severe consequence due to misdiagnosis.Methods From March 2012 to January 2019, 7 patients who suffered from perineal fistula with high dilated colon were retrospectively reviewed. Three were operated on primarily by our department, and 4 cases were re-operated after a perineal anoplasty repair performed elsewhere. Four were operated by laparoscopic anorectoplasty (LARP), and 3 cases were repaired by posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP). The follow-up outcomes were compared with 71 cases of normal perineal fistula (NPF) in the same period.Results 7 cases have been followed up for 0.5-4 years (M=2.57±1.26) after definitive surgery. Their bowel function score (BFS) was lower than normal perineal fistula (SPF=12, rang:5-18; NPF=18.5, rang:18-20). Four cases underwent anorectomanometry. The incidence of rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) was lower in the special type group. (p=0.14). Three cases of barium enema angiography: 2 cases of colorectal dilatation and thickening changes, 1 case showed no obvious abnormalities.Conclusions Anorectal perineal fistula should be examined by distal colostogram at preoperation. Select appropriate surgical approach is essential for children’s defecation function, and blind surgery can seriously affect long-term defecation function.
Evaluation and management of obstetric genital fistulas treated at a pelvic floor centre in Germany
Authors: Reisenauer Christl , Amend Bastian , Falch Claudius , Abele Harald , Brucker Sara Yvonne , Andress Jürgen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundObstetric genital fistulas are an uncommon condition in developed countries. We evaluated their causes and management in women treated at a German pelvic floor centre.MethodsWomen who had undergone surgery for obstetric genital fistulas between January 2006 and June 2020 were identified, and their records were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsEleven out of 40 women presented with genitourinary fistulas, and 29 suffered from rectovaginal fistulas. In our cohort, genitourinary fistulas were more common in multiparous women (9/11), and rectovaginal fistulas were more common in primiparous women (24/29). The majority of the genitourinary fistulas were at a high anterior position in the vagina, and all rectovaginal fistulas were at a low posterior position. While all genitourinary fistulas were successfully closed, rectovaginal fistula closure was achieved in 88.65% of cases. For women with rectovaginal fistulas and were at high risk of recurrence or postoperative functional discomfort and desired another child, we recommended fistula repair in the context of a subsequent delivery. For the first time, pregnancy-related changes in the vaginal wall were used to optimize the success rate of fistula closure.ConclusionsIn developed countries, birth itself can lead to injury-related genital fistulas. As fistula repair lacks evidence-based guidance, management must be tailored to the underlying pathology and the surgeon’s experience. Attention should be directed towards preventive obstetric practice and adequate perinatal and postpartum care. Although vesicovaginal fistulas occur rarely, in case of urinary incontinence after delivery, attention should be paid to the patient, and a vesicovaginal fistula should be ruled out.Trial registrationretrospectively registered, DRKS 00022543, 28.07.2020
Protective Effects of Swertiamarin against Methylglyoxal induced Damage and its Role in Preventing Diabetic Nephropathy by Improving Oxidative Stress in Rat Kidney Epithelial (NRK-52E) Cells
Authors: Parwani Kirti , Patel Farhin , Patel Dhara , Mandal Palash 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Increased blood glucose in diabetic individuals results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which result in various adverse effects on kidney cells, leading to diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, the antiglycative potential of Swertiamarin (SM) isolated from the methanolic extract of E. littorale was explored. The effect of SM on protein glycation was studied by incubating bovine serum albumin with fructose at 60 °C in the presence and absence of different concentrations of swertiamarin for 24 h. For comparative analysis, metformin was also used at similar concentrations as SM. Further, to understand the role of SM in preventing DN, in vitro studies using NRK-52E cells were done by treating cells with methylglyoxal (MG) in the presence and absence of SM. SM showed better antiglycative potential as compared to metformin. Also, SM could prevent the MG mediated pathogenesis in DN by reducing levels of argpyrimidine, oxidative stress and apoptosis in kidney cells. SM also downregulated the expression of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. This study, for the first time, reports the antiglycative potential of SM and also provides a novel insight into the molecular mechanisms by which SM prevents toxicity of MG on rat kidney cells.
Influence of Angptl1 on Osteoclast Formation and Osteoblastic Phenotype in Mouse Cells.
Authors: Ishida Masayoshi , Kawao Naoyuki , Mizukami Yuya , Takafuji Yoshimasa , Kaji Hiroshi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Osteoblasts and osteoclasts play important roles during the bone remodeling in the physiological and pathophysiological states. Although angiopoietin family Angiopoietin like proteins (Angptls), including Angptl1, have been reported to be involved in inflammation, lipid metabolism and angiogenesis, the roles of Angptl1 in bone have not been reported so far. Methods: We examined the effects of Angptl1 overexpression on the osteoblast and osteoclast phenotypes using mouse cell lines.Results: Angptl1 overexpression significantly inhibited the osteoclast formation and mRNA levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and cathepsin K enhanced by receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, Angptl1 overexpression significantly enhanced Osterix mRNA levels, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization induced by bone morphogenetic protein-2 in ST2 cells, although it did not affect the expression of osteogenic genes in MC3T3-E1 cells. On the other hand, Angptl1 overexpression significantly reduced the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and adipocyte protein-2 induced by adipogenic medium in 3T3-L1 cells.Conclusions: The present study first indicated that Angptl1 suppresses and enhances osteoclast formation and osteoblastic differentiation in mouse cell line, respectively, although it inhibits adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. These data suggest the possibility that Angptl1 might be physiologically related to bone remodeling.
Dynamic Anti-plane Behavior of Rare Earth Giant Magnetostrictive Medium With a Circular Cavity Defect in Semi-space
Authors: Liu Zhi , Qi Hui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An analytical solution to the anti-plane dynamics problem of semi-space rare earth giant magnetostrictive media with circular cavity defects near the horizontal boundary under the action of SH wave is studied. Based on the Helmholtz theorem and the theory of complex function, the elastic-magnetic dynamic equation of magnetostrictive medium is established, and the semi-space incident wave field is written. In addition, the scattered displacement field and the corresponding magnetic potential of the scattered wave under the condition of no stress and magnetic insulation of the horizontal boundary are obtained by image method. Then, based on the conditions of free boundary stress, continuous magnetic induction intensity and continuous magnetic potential around the circular cavity, the infinite linear algebraic equations are established. Finally, the analytical expressions of dynamic stress concentration factor and magnetic field intensity concentration factor around circular cavity in semi-space rare earth giant magnetostrictive medium are obtained. Numerical examples show that the analysis results depend on the following parameters: permeability, dimensional-piezomagnetic coefficient, frequency of the incident wave, incident angle, distance between the circular cavity and horizontal boundary. These results have certain reference value for the study of non-destructive testing and failure analysis of rare earth giant magnetostrictive materials.
Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (Icon) for Determining Treatment Need in The Northern Border Region of Saudi Arabia: An Epidemiological Study
Authors: kundi Ibadullah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Assessment of orthodontic treatment need is a complicated issue. As integral part of oral health care programs, Orthodontic treatment needs to be based on information of treatment needs. The evaluation of malocclusion is the essential component in establishing the diagnosis and treatment need of the orthodontic patient.Taking decision of whether or not one should undergo orthodontic treatment, both the desire of the patient (and/ or parents) and the opinion of the orthodontist must be taken into account. One of the major problems in studying malocclusion is the availability of a suitable objective method for recording the occurrence and severity of orthodontic problem. Thus, orthodontic indices are used in clinical and epidemiological studies of malocclusion. The aim of this study is to determine the necessity and complexity of orthodontic anomalies by applying Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) in Saudi population.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on dental casts of 150 patients (mean age 15.66±1.07) adolescents randomly selected from the northern border region of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Index of Complexity Outcome and Need (ICON) was applied to find out the orthodontic treatment need and initial stage complexity grades. The data was performed using the statistical software package IBM SPSS Statistics 24.0. Results: 80% of the patients needed some sort of orthodontic therapy. More than 65% of the cases were classified as being difficult and very difficult to treat. Conclusion: It was concluded that a high number of cases were in need of the orthodontic therapy and majority of the patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were in difficult grades.
An Extended Approach to Value Chain Analysis
Authors: Knez Klemen , Jaklič Andreja , Stare Metka 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In the article, we propose a comprehensive methodology of value chain analysis in the international input-output framework, introducing a new measure of value chain participation and an extended typology of value chains, including a new measure of fragmentation of domestic value chain production. This allows for the simultaneous analysis of both global and domestic production fragmentation, complex patterns of their evolution and their impact on economic development. The main contribution of the proposed methodology is conceptual: it allows the measurement of all value chain paths that pass through each country-sector from production to final consumption, whether the path includes downstream linkages, upstream linkages or a combination of both at the same time. The empirical application of this methodology shows the importance of including domestic fragmentation in value chain analyses: Both global and domestic fragmentation levels of production show a significant positive correlation with economic growth. This implies that the effects of global production fragmentation need to be analysed together with the changing structure of domestic production fragmentation to obtain a complete picture, which could provide important information for policy-making and industrial policy.
Developing a Non-destructive Metabarcoding Protocol for Detection of Pest Insects in Bulk Trap Catches
Authors: Batovska Jana , Piper Alexander , Valenzuela Isabel , Cunningham John , Blacket Mark 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Metabarcoding has the potential to revolutionise insect surveillance by providing high-throughput and cost-effective species identification of all specimens within mixed trap catches. Nevertheless, incorporation of metabarcoding into insect diagnostic laboratories will first require the development and evaluation of protocols that adhere to the specialised regulatory requirements of invasive species surveillance. In this study, we develop a multi-locus non-destructive metabarcoding protocol that allows sensitive detection of agricultural pests, and subsequent confirmation using traditional diagnostic techniques. We validate this protocol for the detection of tomato potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli) and Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) within mock communities and field survey traps. We find that metabarcoding can reliably detect target insects within mixed community samples, including specimens that morphological identification did not initially detect, but sensitivity appears inversely related to community size and is impacted by primer biases, target loci, and sample indexing strategy. While our multi-locus approach allowed independent validation of target detection, lack of reference sequences for 18S and 12S restricted its usefulness for estimating diversity in field samples. The non-destructive DNA extraction proved invaluable for resolving inconsistencies between morphological and metabarcoding identification results, and post-extraction specimens were suitable for both morphological re-examination and DNA re-extraction for confirmatory barcoding.