bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gel‐Derived Amorphous Bismuth–Nickel Alloy Promotes Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation via Optimizing Nitrogen Adsorption and Activation
Authors: Fang Zhiwei , Wu Ping , Qian Yumin , Yu Guihua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo achieve the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) for efficient and sustainable NH3 production, catalysts should exhibit high selectivity and activity with optimal adsorption energy. Herein we developed a three‐dimensional (3D) amorphous BiNi alloy toward a significantly enhanced NRR compared with its crystalline and metal counterparts. Ni alloying enables the chemisorption of nitrogen and the lower free‐energy change for the *NNH formation, and the 3D alloy electrocatalyst exhibits high catalytic activity for NH3 production with a yield rate of 17.5 μg h−1 mgcat−1 and Faradaic efficiency of 13.8 %. The enhanced electron transfer and increased electrochemical surface area were revealed in the interconnected porous scaffold, affording it sufficiently efficient and stable activity for potential practical applications. This work offers new insights into optimizing the adsorption energy of reactants and intermediates combined with tuning the crystallinity of NRR electrocatalysts.
Radical Fluorosulfonylation: Accessing Alkenyl Sulfonyl Fluorides from Alkenes
Authors: Nie Xingliang , Xu Tianxiao , Song Jinshuai , Devaraj Anandkumar , Zhang Bolun , Chen Yong , Liao Saihu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSulfonyl fluorides have widespread applications in many fields. In particular, their unique biological activity has drawn considerable research interest in the context of chemical biology and drug discovery in the past years. Therefore, new and efficient methods for the synthesis of sulfonyl fluorides are highly in demand. In contrast to extensive studies on FSO2+‐type reagents, a radical fluorosulfonylation reaction with a fluorosulfonyl radical (FSO2.) remains elusive so far, probably owing to its instability and difficulty in generation. Herein, the development of the first radical fluorosulfonylation of alkenes based on FSO2 radicals generated under photoredox conditions is reported. This radical approach provides a new and general access to alkenyl sulfonyl fluorides, including structures that would otherwise be challenging to synthesize with previously established cross‐coupling methods. Moreover, extension to the late‐stage fluorosulfonylation of natural products is also demonstrated.
NHC‐stabilized Parent Arsanylalanes and ‐gallanes
Authors: Weinhart Michael A. K. , Seidl Michael , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Scheer Manfred 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of the unprecedented compounds IDipp⋅E′H2AsH2 (E′=Al, Ga; IDipp=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene) are reported, the first monomeric, parent representatives of an arsanylalane and arsanylgallane, respectively, stabilized only by a LB (LB=Lewis Base). They are prepared by a salt metathesis reaction of KAsH2 with IDipp⋅E′H2Cl (E′=Al, Ga). The H2‐elimination pathway through the reaction of AsH3 with IDipp⋅E′H3 (E′=Al, Ga) was found to be a possible synthetic route with some disadvantages compared to the salt metathesis reaction. The corresponding organo‐substituted compounds IDipp⋅GaH2AsPh2 (1) and IDipp⋅AlH2AsPh2 (2) were obtained by the reaction of KAsPh2 with IDipp⋅E′H2Cl (E′=Al, Ga). The novel branched parent compounds IDipp⋅E′H(EH2)2 (E′=Al, Ga; E=P, As) were synthesized by salt metathesis reactions starting from IDipp⋅E′HCl2 (E′=Al, Ga). Supporting DFT computations give insight into the different synthetic pathways and the stability of the products.
Selective 1,2‐Aminoisothiocyanation of 1,3‐Dienes Under Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Guo Weisi , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSelective three‐component 1,2‐diamination of 1,3‐dienes with concurrent introduction of two orthogonally protected amino groups remains unknown despite its significant synthetic potential. We report herein that reaction of conjugated dienes with N‐aminopyridinium salts and TMSNCS affords 1,2‐aminoisothiocyanation products in a highly chemo‐ and regio‐selective manner under mild photoredox catalytic conditions. Mechanistic studies indicate that the facile isomerization of allyl thiocyanates to allyl isothiocyanates under photocatalytic conditions is responsible for the selective formation of the observed products. The mild isomerization protocol is expected to find applications in the synthesis of allyl isothiocyanates in a broad sense.
Silver‐Enabled General Radical Difluoromethylation Reaction with TMSCF2H
Authors: Yang Jun , Zhu Shengqing , Wang Fang , Qing Feng‐Ling , Chu Lingling 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA silver‐mediated oxidative difluoromethylation of styrenes and vinyl trifluoroborates with TMSCF2H is reported for the first time. This method enables direct and facile access to CF2H‐alkenes from abundant alkenes with excellent functional‐group compatibility. Moreover, this Ag/TMSCF2H protocol could further enable a series of radical difluoromethylation reactions of a wide array of substrates, offering a generic and complementary platform for the construction of diversified C−CF2H bonds.
Boosting flame retardancy of epoxy resin composites through incorporating ultrathin nickel phenylphosphate nanosheets
Authors: Kong Qinghong , Zhu Haojie , Fan Jinsong , Zheng Guolin , Zhang Caijiao , Wang Yuan , Zhang Junhao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUltrathin nickel phenylphosphate (NiPP) nanosheets with layered structure are successfully synthesized through a mixed solvothermal method. The results indicate that NiPP is Ni(O3PC6H5)·H2O and has good thermal stability. To ameliorate the thermal stability and flame ratardancy of epoxy resin (EP), EP/NiPP nanocomposites are prepared by incorporating NiPP into EP matrix. The results show that adding NiPP can availably enhance thermal stability at high temperature due to the remarkable catalytic char performance of NiPP, and the residues yield of EP/NiPP nanocomposites with 6 wt% NiPP is 24.1% while the pure EP had only 14.2% at 700°C. In contrast with pure EP, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, smoke production rate, CO production, and CO2 production of EP/6wt%NiPP nanocomposites reduced by 35.2%, 20.2%, 27.1%, 45.8%, and 35.5%. The synergistic effect of catalytic char performance and fire retardancy of NiPP make the EP/NiPP nanocomposites possess prominent flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and thermal stability.
N‐Substituted‐4‐phenylphthalazin‐1‐amine‐derived VEGFR‐2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, molecular docking, and anticancer evaluation studies
Authors: El‐Adl Khaled , Ibrahim Mohamed‐Kamal , Khedr Fathalla , Abulkhair Hamada S. , Eissa Ibrahim H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn accordance with the significant impetus of the discovery of potent vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR‐2) inhibitors, herein, we report the design, synthesis, and anticancer evaluation of 12 new N‐substituted‐4‐phenylphthalazin‐1‐amine derivatives against HepG2, HCT‐116, and MCF‐7 cells as VEGFR‐2 inhibitors. The results of the cytotoxicity investigation indicated that HCT‐116 and MCF‐7 were the most sensitive cell lines to the influence of the newly synthesized derivatives. In particular, compound 7a was found to be the most potent derivative among all the tested compounds against the three cancer cell lines, HepG2, HCT116, and MCF‐7, with IC50 = 13.67 ± 1.2, 5.48 ± 0.4, and 7.34 ± 0.6 µM, respectively, which is nearly equipotent to that of sorafenib (IC50 = 9.18 ± 0.6, 5.47 ± 0.3, and 7.26 ± 0.3 µM, respectively). All synthesized derivatives, 4a,b−8a−c, were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against VEGFR‐2. The tested compounds displayed high to low inhibitory activity, with IC50 values ranging from 0.14 ± 0.02 to 9.54 ± 0.85 µM. Among them, compound 7a was found to be the most potent derivative that inhibited VEGFR‐2 at an IC50 value of 0.14 ± 0.02 µM, which is nearly 72% of that of the sorafenib IC50 value (0.10 ± 0.02 µM). Compounds 7b, 8c, 8b, and 8a exhibited very good activity with IC50 values of 0.18 ± 0.02, 0.21 ± 0.03, 0.24 ± 0.02, and 0.35 ± 0.04 µM, respectively. Molecular modeling studies were carried out for all compounds against the VEGFR‐2 active site. The data obtained from biological testing highly correlated with that obtained from molecular modeling studies. However, these modifications led to new phthalazine derivatives with higher VEGFR‐2 inhibitory activities than vatalanib and which are nearly equipotent to sorafenib.
Enhanced Oxygen Evolution via Electrochemical Water Oxidation using Conducting Polymer and Nanoparticle Composites
Authors: Mahfoz Wael , Abdul Aziz Md. , Shaheen Shah Syed , Al‐Betar Abdul‐Rahman 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNano‐Co3O4 was used for electrocatalytic water oxidation due to its promising features of better performance and low cost. An enhanced electrochemical water oxidation performance of the nanoparticles can be achieved by mixing them with other types of highly conductive nano/micro‐structured materials. Conductive polymers would be one of the candidates to achieve this goal. Here, we report our recently developed nano‐Co3O4 and polypyrrole composites for enhanced electrochemical water oxidation. We chose polypyrrole as a support of nano‐Co3O4 to obtain highly active sites of nano‐Co3O4 with high conductivity. Morphological and chemical characterization of the prepared materials were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). After immobilizing them individually on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate, their electrocatalytic properties toward water oxidation were investigated. The optimum composite materials showed significantly higher electrocatalytic properties compared to that of pure nano‐Co3O4 and polypyrrole. Electrochemical impedance studies indicated that the composite materials possess significantly less electron transfer resistance toward water oxidation reaction compared to that of only polypyrrole or nano‐Co3O4, while the higher double‐layer capacitance and polarization resistance values obtained from fitting of the impedance data represent the faster electrode kinetics in the composite electrocatalyst. Due to the synergetic effect, the optimum nano‐Co3O4 and polypyrrole composites could be represent a novel and promising material for water oxidation.
Attitudes toward risk and uncertainty: The role of subjective knowledge and affect
Authors: Shou Yiyun , Olney Joel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn individual's attitude toward risk is often measured by their behavioral tendency in risky situations. However, commonly used self‐report measures of risk attitudes often do not explicitly specify “risk” in all the items, which results in an unsystematic mix of both perceived uncertainty and risk (as loss). Thus, an individual's endorsement of those items can vary as a function of not only the latent construct of attitudes toward risk, but also factors including prior knowledge and affective reaction to uncertainty. Two studies were carried out to examine the extent to which participants perceive behavioral tendency items as entailing uncertainty or risk (as loss) and how behavioral tendency can be influenced by prior knowledge. Results indicate that endorsement of behavioral tendency was significantly greater when “risk” information was implicit when compared with items that had explicit information to contextualize the uncertainty or risk. Furthermore, prior knowledge had a significantly stronger influence on the endorsement of items in which risk information was implicit than on the explicit uncertainty/risk items. Finally, uncertainty and risk in the items appeared to influence behavioral tendency significantly via emotional responses to the items. This research highlights the need for researchers to more adequately control for different sources of variability when measuring the desired construct of attitude toward risk.
Advice to friends in want/should conflicts
Authors: Thorsteinson Todd J. , Sturgeon Franklin L. , Dredge Chelsa M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOne explanation for self‐other differences in decision making is that they are due to differences in the construal of the situation, with advisors adopting a more abstract construal of the decision. However, decisions for the should self (what should I do?) are also characterized by an abstract construal, suggesting that advice to friends might be similar to what decision makers think they should do (self‐should decisions). We conducted three studies comparing should self decisions with advice in situations characterized by a want/should conflict. Study 1 demonstrated that advice to a friend was different from a self‐should decision. Self‐should choices were also found to be different from what one wants to do (self‐want) and what one would do (self‐would). Study 2 found that participants in the advice conditions considered the context when making a recommendation, but participants in the self‐should conditions were unaffected. Finally, Study 3 demonstrated that advisors considered the goal of the decision maker's behavior when making recommendations, unlike participants in the self‐should and injunctive norm conditions. These results demonstrate that self‐other differences in decision making extend to self‐should decisions and that self‐should decisions are consistent with injunctive norms. Self‐should decisions were unaffected by situational factors, whereas advice to friends considered the decision maker's primary goal.
Epidural fat mesenchymal stem cells: Important microenvironmental regulators in health, disease, and regeneration
Authors: Shah Sophia , Mudigonda Sathvika , Mitha Alim P. , Salo Paul , Krawetz Roman J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are present in fat tissues throughout the body, yet little is known regarding their biological role within epidural fat. We hypothesize that debridement of epidural fat and/or subsequent loss of MSCs within this tissue, disrupts homeostasis in the vertebral environment resulting in increased inflammation, fibrosis, and decreased neovascularization leading to poorer functional outcomes post‐injury/operatively. Clinically, epidural fat is commonly considered a space‐filling tissue with limited functionality and therefore typically discarded during surgery. However, the presence of MSCs within epidural fat suggests that itis more biologically active than historically believed and may contribute to the regulation of homeostasis and regeneration in the dural environment. While the current literature supports our hypothesis, it will require additional experimentation to determine if epidural fat is an endogenous driver of repair and regeneration and if so, this tissue should be minimally perturbed from its original location in the spinal canal. Also see the video abstract herehttps://youtu.be/MIol_IWK1os
A review of biomarkers in the context of type 1 diabetes: Biological sensing for enhanced glucose control
Authors: Wolkowicz Kelilah L. , Aiello Eleonora M. , Vargas Eva , Teymourian Hazhir , Tehrani Farshad , Wang Joseph , Pinsker Jordan E. , Doyle Francis J. , Patti Mary‐Elizabeth , Laffel Lori M. , Dassau Eyal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs wearable healthcare monitoring systems advance, there is immense potential for biological sensing to enhance the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this work is to describe the ongoing development of biomarker analytes in the context of T1D. Technological advances in transdermal biosensing offer remarkable opportunities to move from research laboratories to clinical point‐of‐care applications. In this review, a range of analytes, including glucose, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, lactate, epinephrine, and alcohol, as well as ketones such as beta‐hydroxybutyrate, will be evaluated to determine the current status and research direction of those analytes specifically relevant to T1D management, using both in‐vitro and on‐body detection. Understanding state‐of‐the‐art developments in biosensing technologies will aid in bridging the gap from bench‐to‐clinic T1D analyte measurement advancement.
Structure of the O‐Antigen and the Lipid A from the Lipopolysaccharide of Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 51191
Authors: Garcia‐Vello Pilar , Di Lorenzo Flaviana , Lamprinaki Dimitra , Notaro Anna , Speciale Immacolata , Molinaro Antonio , Juge Nathalie , De Castro Cristina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFusobacterium nucleatum is a common member of the oral microbiota. However, this symbiont has been found to play an active role in disease development. As a Gram‐negative bacterium, F. nucleatum has a protective outer membrane layer whose external leaflet is mainly composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). LPSs play a crucial role in the interaction between bacteria and the host immune system. Here, we characterised the structure of the O‐antigen and lipid A from F. nucleatum ssp. animalis ATCC 51191 by using a combination of GC‐MS, MALDI and NMR techniques. The results revealed a novel repeat of the O‐antigen structure of the LPS, [→4)‐β‐d‐GlcpNAcA‐(1→4)‐β‐d‐GlcpNAc3NAlaA‐(1→3)‐α‐d‐FucpNAc4NR‐(1→], (R=acetylated 60 %), and a bis‐phosphorylated hexa‐acylated lipid A moiety. Taken together these data showed that F. nucleatum ATCC 51191 has a distinct LPS which might differentially influence recognition by immune cells.
Effectiveness and safety of same day discharge after left atrial appendage closure under moderate conscious sedation
Authors: Marmagkiolis Konstantinos , Ates Ismail , Kose Gulcan , Iliescu Cezar , Cilingiroglu Mehmet 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundLeft atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) using Watchman device has become a world‐wide, well‐established therapeutic alternative to chronic systemic oral anticoagulation in patient who are at high‐risk of bleeding with paroxysmal (PAF) or chronic atrial fibrillation (Afib). Currently, LAAO procedures are performed under general anesthesia (GA) and patients stay overnight post procedure in the United States. We aimed to present the effectiveness and safety of same day discharge following LAAO under moderate conscious sedation (MCS) in patients without procedural complications.MethodsA total of 112 patients between August 2019 and May 2020 with elevated CHA2DS2VASc (median score of 3) underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)‐guided LAAO with FDA approved Watchman (Boston Scientific, MN) under MCS and discharged home on the same day 6 hr following their post procedural transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) evaluations. All patients had next day TTE and follow up at the cardiology clinic. We prospectively evaluated clinical and procedural outcomes using medical records of these patients.ResultsAmong all the patients, the mean age was 83.5 ± 8.5 years, 45 (40%) were women. Procedural duration, device implant time and fluoroscopic times were 45 ± 8.6, 14.5 ± 7.8 and 10.2 ± 1.2 min, respectively. The median required dosage of propofol was 105 ± 2.8 mg. No complications arose from MCS. There was no need for conversion to GA in any of the patients during the procedure. All patients were able to be discharged 6 hr following their TTE evaluation post procedure. There were no procedural complications.ConclusionsSame day discharge following LAAO closure seems to be safe and effective in patients without procedural complications. LAAO can also be performed safely and effectively under moderate conscious sedation. Applying moderate conscious sedation may simplify the LAAO procedure, reduce procedural time, procedural costs and hospital stay while increasing overall patient satisfaction.
Mortality and functional outcomes of endovascular stroke therapy in the United States
Authors: Alqahtani Fahad , Osman Mohammed , Harris Alyssa Hartsell , Hohmann Samuel F. , Alkhouli Mohamad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to evaluate the nationwide trends in the characteristics and outcomes of for endovascular stroke therapy in contemporary practice.MethodsWe selected patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent endovascular stroke therapy between 01 October 2015 and 30 September 2019 in a large academic consortium database. The end points of this study were (a) in‐hospital mortality and functional outcomes and, (b) predictors of poor functional outcome, defined as death or discharge to hospice, or to a long‐term nursing facility.ResultsAmong the 22,193 included patients; 50.3% were females, and 66.5% were white. Mean age was 68±15 years. Poor functional outcomes occurred in 8,274 patients (37.4%), of whom 2,741 (12.4%) died in the hospital, 1,345 (6.1%) were discharged to hospice, and 4,188 (18.9%) were discharged to other long‐term facilities. Most common in‐hospital complications were mechanical ventilation (32.3%), intracranial hemorrhage (18.9%), and acute kidney injury (15.6%). Median total and intensive‐care length‐of‐stay were 7 days (IQR = 4–9), and 2 days (IQR = 1–4), respectively. Median cost was $36,609 (IQR = $26,034–$54,313). In a multi‐logistic regression analysis; age, hypertension, diabetes, anemia, heart failure, vascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, renal insufficiency, Medicare/medicaid insurance, transfer from nonendovascular capable hospital, and low procedural volume independently predicted poor functional outcomes. Tissue plasminogen activator use was associated with better functional outcomes.ConclusionThere is a substantial growth in the performance of endovascular stroke interventions in the United States in recent years, and those were associated with favorable short‐term outcomes.
Determinants of visual‐functional mismatches as assessed by coronary angiography and quantitative flow ratio
Authors: Sugiyama Tomoyo , Kanno Yoshinori , Hamaya Rikuta , Kanaji Yoshihisa , Hoshino Masahiro , Murai Tadashi , Lee Tetsumin , Yonetsu Taishi , Sasano Tetsuo , Kakuta Tsunekazu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the determinants of visual‐functional mismatches between quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and the quantitative flow ratio (QFR).BackgroundThe fractional flow reserve (FFR) has been established as a method to estimate the functional stenosis severity of coronary artery disease and to optimize decision‐making for revascularization. The QFR is a novel angiography‐derived computational index that can estimate the FFR without pharmacologically induced hyperemia or the use of pressure wire.MethodsA total of 504 de novo intermediate‐to‐severe stable lesions that underwent angiographic and physiological assessments were analyzed. All lesions were divided into four groups based on the significance of visual (QCA‐diameter stenosis [DS] > 50% and ≤ 50%) and functional (QFR ≤ 0.80 and > 0.80) stenosis severity. Patient characteristics, angiographic findings, and physiological indices were compared.ResultsOne‐hundred seventy‐eight lesions (35.3%) showed discordant visual‐functional assessments; mismatch (QCA‐DS > 50% and QFR > 0.80) in 75 lesions (14.9%) and reverse mismatch (QCA‐DS ≤ 50% and QFR ≤ 0.80) in 103 lesions (20.4%), respectively. Reverse mismatch was associated with non‐diabetes, lower ejection fraction, higher Duke jeopardy score, and lower coronary flow reserve (CFR). Mismatch was associated with smaller QCA‐DS, larger reference diameter, shorter lesion length, lower Duke jeopardy score, and higher CFR. Lesion location and microcirculatory resistance was not associated with the prevalence of mismatches. Reverse mismatch group had the higher prevalence of discordant decision‐makings between QFR and FFR than the other three groups.ConclusionsThe CFR and subtended myocardial mass were predictors of visual‐functional mismatches between QCA‐DS and the QFR. Caution should be exercised in lesions showing QCA‐DS/QFR reverse mismatch.