bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De Winter syndrome as an emergency electrocardiogram sign of ST‐elevation myocardial infarction: a case report
Authors: Yan Jianwei , Wang Qian , Zhang Zhiliang , Shi Guoxiang , Hua Jinghai , Ying Ru , Kang Ting , Zheng Zhenzhong , Zheng Zeqi , Peng Xiaoping , Zhu Jianbing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe case report aims to reveal de Winter's electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern as an equivalent to anterior ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We report a case of a 49‐year‐old man with a history of smoking who presented to the emergency department with a 1 day history of chest pain that was exacerbated 5 h prior to presentation. Detailed clinical investigations and coronary angiographic characteristics were recorded. The first ECG of the patient was consistent with de Winter syndrome. Acute coronary artery angiography showed that the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery was completely occluded after the first diagonal branch artery was given off. A percutaneous coronary intervention was immediately performed. Our case indicates that early identification and diagnosis of such ECGs and timely reperfusion therapy of de Winter syndrome as a STEMI equivalent are required to improve the prognosis of such patients.
Arrhenius Equation Modeling for the Oxidative Stability Evaluation of Echium Oil Enriched with a Natural Preservative
Authors: Mihaylova Dasha , Gandova Vanya , Deseva Ivelina , Tschuikowa Steffi , Schalow Sebastian , Westphal Günter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe present study evaluates the oxidative stability of refined echium oil supplemented with Sophora japonica L. extract (200 ppm). Commonly used synthetic antioxidants (butylated hydroxytoluen (BHT), ascorbyl palmitate, and quercetin) are used as reference additives. The plant extract is evaluated to possess better in vitro antioxidant potential than BHT, and comparable to that of quercetin. The degradation kinetics at 6, 25, and 60 °C with and without antioxidants is studied, as well as the progress of oil oxidation. The temperature dependence of oxidation is expressed with the Arrhenius equation in addition to reaction rate constant (k) and activation energy (Ea) also determined using Arrhenius equation. Enthalpy of activation (ΔH‡), entropy of activation (ΔS‡), and Gibb's free energy of activation (ΔG‡) are calculated according to the Eyring equation. It is established that the rate constant increased with the temperature of storage. The lipid oxidation reactions are established to follow a zero‐order kinetic model for peroxide value. The oxidation reaction is determined as exothermic and non‐spontaneous. In conclusion, S. japonica extract is evaluated with high antioxidant potential and can be used as a promising oil stabilizer. It can successfully be added to prevent lipid structure oxidation while providing health benefits to consumers.Practical Applications: The application of natural antioxidants in edible oils in order to substitute synthetic additives is a matter of research interest. The present study aims to compare commonly used synthetic antioxidants with natural ones. Ascorbyl palmitate has the greatest ability to stabilize echium oil at 6, 25, and 60 °C, but the Sophora japonica L. extract possesses good potential for retarding the oxidation. The results of this study outline the potential of the natural extract of S. japonica, which needs to be further studied.
Quantitative Analysis of Chemical and Phase Composition of Zn−Ni Alloy Coating by Potentiodynamic Stripping
Authors: Maizelis Antonina , Kolupaieva Zoia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe propose quantitative analysis of chemical and phase composition of Zn−Ni alloy depending on the film thickness, using potentiodynamic stripping in an alkaline ammonia‐glycinate electrolyte. The mechanism of dissolution of zinc‐enriched Zn−Ni alloy films in this electrolyte comprises sequential stages of dissolution of zinc‐phase and zinc from a γ‐phase of various structures, followed by dissolution of the nickel‐enriched residue, formed by dezincification, and matrix nickel.
Evaluating the efficiency of advanced oxidation processes for textile wastewater treatment: Electro‐kinetic, sonochemical and persulfate
Authors: Jorfi Sahand , Ghaedrahmat Zeinab 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the electro‐kinetic/ultrasonic/persulfate (EK/US/PS) process efficiency for textile wastewater treatment. The concentration of persulfate (0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5 mM), reaction time (30, 60, 90 and 120 min were studied consecutively, according to one factor at the time methodology. Result was indicated that the highest removal efficiency of 38% was achieved at pH 5. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency at electrolyte concentration of 6, 8 and 10 g/L were 56, 58 and 59% respectively. Results were showed that by increasing the ultrasonic power up to 300 W, the removal efficiency increased from 78 to 96% at a reaction time of 90 min and from 92 to 96% at a reaction time of 120 min. The correlation coefficient for pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic models were obtained 0.96 and 0.87, respectively. Therefore, according to the results of this study, it was suggested to use EK/US/PS process for treatment of textile wastewater.
The control‐oriented model of coordinated control system based on stochastic differential equations
Authors: Du Ming , Niu Yuguang , Li Hong , Zhou Zhenhua , Zhang Jingxiang , Jiang Xiaotao , Liu Rui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConsidering the large‐scale development of renewable energy resources globally, control optimization of coal‐fired power plants is becoming increasingly crucial. The dynamics of the coordinated control system (CCS) must be studied prior to designing a controller. These dynamics of the subcritical units have been expressed through various modeling methods. However, in previous studies, ordinary differential equations (ODEs) have been primarily employed, which cannot reflect the uncertainties in the system. Therefore, a model with a greater accuracy should be observed to comprise uncorrelated residuals. In this study, the uncertainties in the calorific value of fired coal and combustion process were analyzed first. A normal distribution of disturbance was assumed in this process. The dynamics of the CCS were then described with stochastic differential equations (SDEs). Furthermore, a parameter estimation procedure was designed. The residual evaluation is employed to improve the model evaluation. After simulations, the SDE‐based model‐3 in this study elucidates the dynamics of the subcritical boiler‐turbine system better than the ODE‐based model and other SDE‐based models. The measured values can be regarded as a possible result of this model, rendering it a potential platform to employ stochastic model predictive control in CCS.
Internal erosion of soil pipes: Sediment rating curves for soil pipes
Authors: Wilson G.V. , Ursic M. , Fox G.A. , Nieber John L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe collapse of soil pipes due to internal erosion can result in fully mature gullies. Few studies have measured the rates of sediment detachment and transport through soil pipes in situ. The objectives of this work were to determine suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in soil pipes as a function of pipeflow rate to develop sediment rating curves (SRC) and measure the bedload transport as a function of cumulative flow per storm event. H‐flumes were installed in seven discontinuous gullies formed by pipe collapse and instrumented for pipe discharge measurements and suspended sediment sampling. The typical response to pipeflow was an initial flush of high concentration of suspended sediment followed by a decrease as pipeflow increased (rising limb of hydrograph). Pipeflows were often so dynamic that it was difficult to consistently capture the initial flush of sediment, resulting in weak to non‐existent SRCs. The falling limb of the hydrograph tended to have a relatively low SSC. Thus, soil pipe SRCs tended to be better represented by hysteretic SRCs, although relationships between SSC and flow rate were poorly represented by SRCs. A power law equation given by SSC = aQb was adopted to represent the SRC relationships. Fitting this equation to data showed a correlation between the offset, a, and the slope, b, with the slope decreasing as the offset increases. Both SRC parameters (a and b) were correlated to the contributing area of the individual pipe. Bedload appeared to be an important contributor to sediment transport, with bedload – expressed as an average event sediment concentration (mg l−1) – decreasing as the volume of the event discharge (m3) increased. A significant portion (11–31%) of the bedload material was gravel and aggregates (>2 mm diameter material). While this work was the first to determine SRCs for soil pipes, refined sampling and measurement techniques are needed. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Process‐based modeling of nylon separator supercapacitor
Authors: Godse Laxman S. , Karkaria Vispi N. , Bhalerao Mayank J. , Karandikar Parshuram B. , Kulkarni Neelima R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractType of separators along with the properties of electrode material, electrolytes decide the performance and hence the utility of supercapacitor. Nylon as a separator material is investigated in this paper. Comparison of parameters of nylon separator supercapacitor and polyethylene separator supercapacitor is presented. The processing of electrode materials plays a significant role on the performance parameters of supercapacitor. Material processing method such as ball milling is the most commonly used in energy storage devices such as supercapacitors, batteries, and fuel cells. The effect of variation of the most significant ball milling parameters such as forward‐reverse time, total ball milling time and speed of ball mill machine on the performance of supercapacitor has been studied. Modeling of ball milling process on electrode material is done by using the statistical method design of the experiment. Pulse current density is taken as new output parameters which is more important than capacitance and internal resistance. Forward‐reverse time, total ball milling time, and speed of ball mill machine are taken as input parameters for statistical modeling. Capacitance and pulse current density is taken as output parameters for the modeling of nylon separator supercapacitor. The model values of output parameters of supercapacitor are validated with experimental values.
Effects of biofertilizers and iron nano‐oxide on maize yield and physiological properties under optimal irrigation and drought stress conditions
Authors: Eliaspour Siamak , Seyed Sharifi Raouf , Shirkhani Ali , Farzaneh Salim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this research, effects iron nano‐oxide and biofertilizers and chemical was investigated on the yield and some traits of Maize under normal and drought stress conditions in two years (2018 and 2019). The experiment was performed in the form of split–spilt plot in a complete random block design with three replications. The studied irrigation treatment included three levels (normal, 85% and 65% optimum water requirement) in the main plots and iron nano‐oxide at four levels (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g/L) in subplots, and biofertilizers at four levels (noninoculation, inoculation with mycorrhiza, inoculation with pseudomonas and combined inoculation of mycorrhiza and pseudomonas) in sub‐plots. The results showed that grain yield, 1000‐grain weight, and leaf chlorophyll contents decreased by drought stress. Use of pseudomonas and mycorrhiza increased these traits in normal and stress conditions, but iron nano‐oxide had no significant effect on the measured traits. Also, drought stress increased malondialdehyde, ion leakage, catalase, peroxidase, proline, and polyphenol oxidase in both light and severe stress regimes. The amount of antioxidant enzymes increased under drought stress conditions in corn. The results indicated that all the characteristics measured by double inoculation with Pseudomonas and Microoriza had the best performance in conditions of water shortage and the use of these biofertilizers increases yield, 1000‐seed weight, and chlorophyll content of maize. Also, the use of biofertilizers modulates the effect of drought stress and reduces its negative effects.
Tak1 in the astrocytes of mediobasal hypothalamus regulates anxiety‐like behavior in mice
Authors: Zhao Faming , Zhang Tingting , Shen Qing , Yin Kaili , Wang Yu , Zhang Guo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnxiety disorder is characterized by excessive fear, anxiety, and avoidance of perceived threats in internal to oneself or the environment, however, the underlying mechanisms are less well understood. Here, we show that transforming growth factor‐β‐activated kinase 1 (Tak1) expressed in the astrocytes of mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) plays a crucial role in anxiety‐like behavior in mice. Our data demonstrate that deficiency of Tak1 in astrocytes increased anxiety level, but did not impact locomotor activity in mice. Astrocytic activation of Tak1 in the MBH mitigated the anxiety‐like behavior, whereas suppression of Tak1 in MBH astrocytes promoted the anxiety‐like behavior in mice. Collectively, these data suggest that Tak1 expressed in the MBH astrocytes could modulate the anxiety‐like behavior in mice.
The effects of unexpected changes in demand on the performance of emergency departments
Authors: Turner Alex J. , Anselmi Laura , Lau Yiu‐Shing , Sutton Matt 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCrowding in emergency departments (EDs) is increasing in many health systems. Previous studies of the relationship between crowding and care quality are limited by the use of data from single hospitals, a focus on particular patient groups, a focus on a narrow set of quality measures, and use of crowding measures which induce bias from unobserved hospital and patient characteristics. Using data from 139 hospitals covering all major EDss in England, we measure crowding using quasi‐exogenous variation in the volume of EDs attendances and examine its impacts on indicators of performance across the entire EDs care pathway. We exploit variations from expected volume estimated using high‐dimensional fixed effects capturing hospital‐specific variation in attendances by combinations of month and hour‐of‐the‐week. Unexpected increases in attendance volume result in substantially longer waiting times, lower quantity and complexity of care, more patients choosing to leave without treatment, changes in referral and discharge decisions, but only small increases in reattendances and no increase in mortality. Causal bounds under potential omitted variable bias are narrow and exclude zero for the majority of outcomes. Results suggest that physician and patient responses may largely mitigate the impacts of demand increases on patient outcomes in the short‐run.
DCLK1, a Putative Stem Cell Marker in Human Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Nevi Lorenzo , Di Matteo Sabina , Carpino Guido , Zizzari Ilaria Grazia , Safarikia Samira , Ambrosino Valeria , Costantini Daniele , Overi Diletta , Giancotti Antonella , Monti Marco , Bosco Daniela , De Peppo Valerio , Oddi Andrea , De Rose Agostino Maria , Melandro Fabio , Bragazzi Maria Consiglia , Faccioli Jessica , Massironi Sara , Grazi Gian Luca , Benedetti Panici Pierluigi , Berloco Paquale Bartomeo , Giuliante Felice , Cardinale Vincenzo , Invernizzi Pietro , Caretti Giuseppina , Gaudio Eugenio , Alvaro Domenico 
Published: September 2020

Background and Aims
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a very aggressive cancer showing the presence of high cancer stem cells (CSCs). Doublecortin‐like kinase1 (DCLK1) has been demonstrated as a CSC marker in different gastroenterological solid tumors. Our aim was to evaluate in vitro the expression and the biological function of DCLK1 in intrahepatic CCA (iCCA) and perihilar CCA (pCCA).

Approach and Results
Specimens surgically resected of human CCA were enzymatically digested, submitted to immunosorting for specific CSC markers (LGR5 [leucine‐rich repeat‐containing G protein‐coupled receptor], CD [clusters of differentiation] 90, EpCAM [epithelial cell adhesion molecule], CD133, and CD13), and primary cell cultures were prepared. DCLK1 expression was analyzed in CCA cell cultures by real‐time quantitative PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence. Functional studies have been performed by evaluating the effects of selective DCLK1 inhibitor (LRRK2‐IN‐1) on cell proliferation (MTS [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium] assay, cell population doubling time), apoptosis, and colony formation capacity. DCLK1 was investigated in situ by immunohistochemistry and real‐time quantitative PCR. DCLK1 serum concentration was analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. We describe DCLK1 in CCA with an increased gene and protein DCLK1 expression in pCCALGR5+ and in iCCACD133+ cells compared with unsorted cells. LRRK2‐IN‐1 showed an anti‐proliferative effect in a dose‐dependent manner. LRRK2‐IN‐1 markedly impaired cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and decreased colony formation capacity and colony size in both iCCA and pCCA compared with the untreated cells. In situ analysis confirmed that DCLK1 is present only in tumors, and not in healthy tissue. Interestingly, DCLK1 was detected in the human serum samples of patients with iCCA (high), pCCA (high), HCC (low), and cirrhosis (low), but it was almost undetectable in healthy controls.

Conclusions
DCLK1 characterizes a specific CSC subpopulation of iCCACD133+ and pCCALGR5+, and its inhibition exerts anti‐neoplastic effects in primary CCA cell cultures. Human DCLK1 serum might represent a serum biomarker for the early CCA diagnosis.
ABIDE: An Accurate Predictive Model of Liver Decompensation in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver‐Related Cirrhosis
Authors: Calzadilla‐Bertot Luis , Vilar‐Gomez Eduardo , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Romero‐Gomez Manuel , Aller‐de la Fuente Rocio , Wong Grace Lai‐Hung , Castellanos Marlen , Eslam Mohammed , Desai Archita P. , Jeffrey Gary P. , George Jacob , Chalasani Naga , Adams Leon A. 
Published: September 2020

Background and Aims
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly important cause of liver cirrhosis and subsequent complications. We retrospectively developed and validated a model to predict hepatic decompensation in patients with NAFLD and cirrhosis and compared this with currently available models.

Approach and Results
Baseline variables from an international cohort of 299 patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD with compensated cirrhosis were examined to construct a model using competing risk multivariate regression and Akaike/Bayesian information criteria. Validation was performed in 244 patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD cirrhosis from the United States. Prognostic accuracy was compared with the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), fibrosis‐4 (FIB‐4), Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD), Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh (CTP), and albumin‐bilirubin (ALBI)‐FIB‐4 score using time‐dependent area under the curve (tAUC) analysis. During a median follow‐up of 5.6 years (range 2.4‐14.1) and 5.4 years (range 1.5‐13.8), hepatic decompensation occurred in 81 and 132 patients in the derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. In the derivation cohort, independent predictors of hepatic decompensation (Aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio, Bilirubin, International normalized ratio, type 2 Diabetes, and Esophageal varices) were combined into the ABIDE model. Patients with a score ≥4.1 compared with those with a score <4.1 had a higher risk of decompensation (subhazard ratio, 6.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.0‐11.2; P < 0.001), a greater 5‐year cumulative incidence (37% vs. 6%, P < 0.001), and shorter mean duration to decompensation (3.8 vs 6.7 years, P < 0.001). The accuracy of the ABIDE model at 5 years was good in the derivation (tAUC, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73‐0.84) and validation cohorts (0.78; 95% CI, 0.74‐0.81) and was significantly more accurate than the NFS (0.72), FIB‐4 (0.74), MELD (0.69), CTP (0.72), and ALBI‐FIB‐4 (0.73) (all P < 0.001).

Conclusions
In patients with NAFLD and compensated cirrhosis, ABIDE, a predictive model of routine clinical measures, predicts future hepatic decompensation.
Internet Published Policies Regarding Liver Transplant Eligibility and Substance Use in United States Transplant Centers
Authors: German Margarita N. , Eccleston Jason L. , Tamez Diego A. , Remington Patrick L. , Lucey Michael R. 
Published: September 2020

Liver transplant centers in the United States retain great autonomy in determining eligibility criteria for a liver transplant. This study aims to define the availability and content of liver transplant centers' publicly available Internet policies regarding eligibility criteria for liver transplant. Three trained undergraduate students performed a structured pilot‐tested assessment of official websites of the United Network for Organ Sharing‐registered liver transplant centers. All 141 liver transplant centers had an accessible website. Some account of eligibility criteria was provided by 53% of centers, while 32% of centers discussed substance use. Only 17% discussed their policy regarding alcohol use in candidates with underlying alcohol use disorder, and only 2% stipulated that 6 months of abstinence was required. While exclusion based on substance use or age was discussed infrequently, insurance coverage requirements, the need for social support, and the need for adherence to medical care were mentioned in 21%, 37%, and 23% of centers, respectively. Conclusion: In 2018, half of liver transplant centers provided some information on their official websites regarding eligibility criteria for liver transplant. Detailed information regarding substance use disorders and social health requirements was rare. The Internet is infrequently used by liver transplant centers as a means to publicly share information regarding selection criteria.
Facile Synthesis of 2‐Fluorobenzofurans: 5‐endo‐trig Cyclization of β,β‐Difluoro‐o‐hydroxystyrenes
Authors: Morioka Ryutaro , Fujita Takeshi , Ichikawa Junji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEfficient synthetic methods were established for obtaining 2‐fluorobenzofurans involving various substituents. Upon being treated with 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene under microwave irradiation, the α‐unsubstituted β,β‐difluoro‐o‐hydroxystyrenes underwent nucleophilic 5‐endo‐trig cyclization to afford the corresponding 2‐fluorobenzofurans in high yields. Furthermore, 2‐fluoro‐3‐iodobenzofuran was successfully synthesized, and its transformation to various 3‐substituted 2‐fluorobenzofurans was demonstrated.