bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue‐inhibitors of metalloproteinase‐1 and vascular‐endothelial growth‐factor in severe haemophilia A children on low dose prophylactic recombinant factor VIII: Relation to subclinical arthropathy
Authors: Andrawes Nevine Gamal , Saker Hossam Mousa , Salah El‐Din Nouran Yousef , Abd Elhakim Hussain Mervat 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSubclinical synovitis occur long before clinical haemophilic arthropathy (HA). New biomarkers are needed for early detection of HA.AimTo compare the levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)in severe haemophilia A boys on prophylaxis and on‐demand therapy to healthy boys and correlate them with the haemophilia joint health score (HJHS) & the Denver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scale; hence, determine their values in early detection of HA.MethodsHaemophilia joint health score, serum TIMP‐1, VEGF and Denver MRI score were assessed in 50 boys with severe haemophilia A (31 on prophylactic factor VIII therapy (62%) with a dose of 15 IU/kg/twice weekly) and 50 age‐matched healthy boys.ResultsBoys with severe haemophilia A had significantly higher TIMP‐1 240 ng/mL, SD200‐350 (P < .001) and VEGF 600 pg/mL, SD400‐1100 (P < .001). Their mean HJHS was 4.5 ± 3.0 (0‐11) and their mean Denver MRI score was 5.55 ± 1.6 (2.00‐8.00). A significant positive correlation was found between TIMP‐1 and VEGF (P < .001), BMI Z‐score (P = .029), HJHS (P = .041)and total MRI score (<.001). Significant correlations were found between VEGF and age (P < .001), HJHS (P = .003) and total MRI score (P < .001). Boys with severe haemophilia A on prophylaxis therapy had significantly lower HJHS (P = .021), VEGF (P < .001), TIMP‐1 (P = .002) and total MRI score (P = .021) than those on on‐demand therapy. Receiver operating characteristic curve, defined a cut‐off value of 160 ng/mL for TIMP‐1 with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 60% and that of 350 pg/mL for VEGF with a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 88% for discrimination between severe haemophilia A and healthy boys.ConclusionVascular endothelial growth factor and TIMP‐1 can be used for early detection of HA. Further prospective studies should include larger study populations. In addition, studies should address the role of various anti‐VEGFs as potential therapy for HA and their impact on prevention and treatment of HA.
Health, cognition and work capacity beyond the age of 50: International evidence on the extensive and intensive margins of work
Authors: VANDENBERGHE Vincent 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article uses the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to consider the soundness of recent reforms to raise the age of retirement. Findings indicate that physical health and cognitive performance deteriorate with age and have negative effects on the employment rate of the 50–54 age group. The impact of poor cognition is lower than that of ill health, and both have greater effects on employment than on hours. This being said, at most, health and cognitive decline explain 35 per cent of observed work reduction. This hints at a sizeable underused work capacity among elderly Europeans.
Rapid enzymatic burn debridement: A review of the paediatric clinical trial experience
Authors: Shoham Yaron , Krieger Yuval , Rubin Guy , Koenigs Ingo , Hartmann Bernd , Sander Frank , Schulz Alexandra , David Keren , Rosenberg Lior , Silberstein Eldad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNexoBrid (NXB) has been proven to be an effective selective enzymatic debridement agent in adults. This manuscript presents the combined clinical trial experience with NXB in children. Hundred and ten children aged 0.5 to 18 years suffering from deep thermal burns of up to 67% total body surface area were treated with NXB in three clinical trials. Seventy‐seven children were treated with NXB in a phase I/II study, where 92.7% of the areas treated achieved complete eschar removal within 0.9 days from admission. Thirty‐three children (17 NXB, 16 standard of care [SOC]) participated in a phase III randomized controlled trial. All wounds treated with NXB achieved complete eschar removal. Time to complete eschar removal (from informed consent) was 0.9 days for NXB vs 6.5 days for SOC (P < .001). The incidence of surgical excision was 7.9% for NXB vs 73.3% for SOC (P < .001). Seventeen of these children participated in a phase III‐b follow‐up study (9 NXB and 8 SOC). The average long‐term modified Vancouver Scar Scale scores were 3.4 for NXB‐treated wounds vs 4.4 for SOC‐treated wounds (NS). There were no significant treatment‐related adverse events. Additional studies are needed to strengthen these results.
Conversion of positive‐pressure cardiac catheterization and electrophysiology laboratories to a novel 2‐zone negative‐pressure system during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Truesdell Monica , Guttman Paul , Clarke Barbara , Wagner Sheryl , Bloom Jim , DuShane Jeff , Richardson Linda , VanderElzen Kristen , Chetcuti Stanley , Oral Hakan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDuring coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, there continues to be a need to utilize cardiac catheterization and electrophysiology laboratories for emergent and urgent procedures. Per infection prevention guidelines and hospital codes, catheterization and electrophysiology laboratories are usually built as positive‐pressure ventilation rooms to minimize the infection risk. However, patients with highly transmissible airborne diseases such as COVID‐19 are best caredfor in negative ventilation rooms to minimize the risk of transmission. From a mechanical and engineering perspective, positive‐pressure ventilation rooms cannot be readily converted to negative‐pressure ventilation rooms. In this report, we describe a novel, quick, readily implantable, and resource‐friendly approach on how to secure air quality in catheterization and electrophysiology laboratories by converting a positive‐pressure ventilation room to a two‐zone negative ventilation system to minimize the risk of transmission.
Challenges and strategies to research ethics in conducting COVID‐19 research
Authors: Ma Xitao , Wang Yanqiao , Gao Tian , He Qing , He Yan , Yue Rensong , You Fengming , Tang Jianyuan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe number of research involving human subjects on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is surging, bringing challenges to the ethical review committee (ERC) in terms of reviewing speed and special ethical considerations under the pandemic. However, the existing ethical review system and regulations have their limitations to meet the demand for a prompt and efficient epidemic control. Since the research under the public health emergency is different from that carried out in familiar situations to design and implementation, the strategy for a satisfactory ERC response should balance the duty of protecting individual participants as well as the special public needs derived from the disease control. It is suggested that the ethical review‐related regulations need to be updated, and a unified supervision system to the overall ERC is required. ERC collaboration, capacity‐improving and efficiency‐improving measures need to be taken. With respect to the reviewing guidelines, it is suggested that the international norms should be explained with more consideration of the local condition and the exceptional circumstances in this public health emergency. A joint effort needs to be taken for better research conduction.
Effect of shade and sintering temperature on the translucency parameter of a novel multi‐layered monolithic zirconia in different thicknesses
Authors: Sanal Fatma A. , Kilinc Hamiyet 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present research was to evaluate the effect of sintering temperatures (1350°C, 1450°C, and 1600°C) of a novel multi‐layered esthetic zirconia material (Katana 12Z/STML) on the grain sizes and on the translucency parameters (TP00) for 2 different shades (A2‐A3) and 2 different thicknesses (1‐1.5 mm).Material and MethodsA total of 120 non‐sintered specimens were randomly divided into three subgroups according to sintering temperatures. The TP00 and grain sizes of the sintered specimens were calculated. Statistical analyses were performed using 3‐way ANOVA, 1‐way ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc tests.ResultsTP00 increased 1.2 to 1.5 times as the specimen thickness decreased from 1.5 to 1 mm (P ≤ .05). The lowest TP00 values were recorded for sintering at 1350°C for the investigated thicknesses and shades (P ≤ .05). The interaction of sintering temperature and shade was significant (P ≤ .05). Grain sizes were ordered according to sintering temperature as 1350°C < 1450°C < 1600°C (P ≤ .05).ConclusionsTP00 values decreased with the increase in the thickness of the monolithic zirconia. The sintering temperatures and their interaction with shade significantly affected TP00 values. The grain size increased with increasing sintering temperature.Clinical significanceThe translucency of a novel multi‐layered monolithic zirconia increased with higher sintering temperatures and lower thickness. The grain size increased with the increase in the sintering temperature. The sintering temperature of 1600°C led to a significant change in translucency for shade A3.
Stable‐isotope analysis reveals sources of organic matter and ontogenic feeding shifts of a mangrove‐dependent predator species, New Granada sea catfish, Ariopsis canteri
Authors: Sandoval Luis Alejandro , Leal‐Flórez Jenny , Blanco‐Libreros Juan Felipe , Mancera‐Pineda José Ernesto , Delgado‐Huertas Antonio , Polo‐Silva Carlos Julio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo gain a better understanding on the trophic ecology of New Granada sea catfish, Ariopsis canteri, and their linkage to mangroves, nitrogen and stable carbon isotopes (δ15N and δ13C), as well as Bayesian mixing models, were used to explore trophic dynamics and potential ontogenic feeding shifts across different size classes: class I (8–20 cm), class II (21–32 cm) and class III (>32 cm). The study area was the estuary of the Atrato River Delta, where information about fish ecology is scarce. The δ13C of size class I was lower (mean ± s.d. = −24.96 ± 0.69‰) than that of size classes II (−22.20 ± 0.90‰) and III (−22.00 ± 1.96‰). The δ15N of size class I was lower (mean ± s.d. = 8.50 ± 0.67‰) than that of size classes II (9.77 ± 0.60‰) and III (10.00 ± 0.66‰). Body size was positively and significantly correlated to δ15N and δ13C. Individuals with LT > 32 cm presented the highest estimated trophic position (3.8). Five‐source mixing models indicated that for class I, the mean estimated contribution of macroalgae was the highest (6%–57% c.i.), and for classes II and III, the mean estimated contribution of macrophytes was the highest (3%–53% c.i. and 4%–53% c.i., respectively). Ontogenetic feeding shifts of A. canteri were confirmed evidencing decreasing intraspecific competition between small and large individuals. Results suggest that mangroves are a nursery and feeding ground habitat for this species and that mangroves support A. canteri mainly due to the substrate/habitat that supports sources in the food webs. These results can be used in ecosystem‐based fishery management focused on the protection of extensive mangrove areas in the southern Caribbean Sea.
Innovations hair restoration surgeons have made to adapt to the challenges of follicular unit excision
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Bruce Anthony , Trivellini Roberto , Dua Kapil , Mohebi Parsa , True Robert H. , Harris James A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly use of follicular unit excision (FUE) as a method of hair transplantation was limited by high rates of hair follicle transection. This hurdle has been overcome by innovative methods, punch shapes, and devices. With the vast array of tools available, it can be difficult for hair transplant surgeons to choose the best option for their practices.AimsTo provide an in‐depth review and comparison of currently available FUE methods, punch designs, and motorized devices, and discuss how these tools fit the unique skin and hair characteristics of patients.MethodsA review of the literature and available information on FUE methods, punches, and devices, as well as the authors’ experience in this area, is provided.ResultsInnovative FUE methods, punch shapes, and motorized devices have successfully minimized the rate of hair follicle transection. Methods include the use of sharp punches with depth control, and blunt rotating punches. Punch shapes such as flared, hybrid, and edge out have successfully reduced transections by keeping the cutting edge away from the follicles under the skin. The development of motorized devices using features including rotation, roto‐oscillation, oscillation, vibration, suction, and hydration has also aided in achieving more successful graft excision.ConclusionFollicular unit excision is a widely used technique by hair restoration surgeons. Therefore, it is important for physicians to be aware of the array of punches and devices available and understand how these tools can be used to adapt to the unique skin and hair characteristics of individual patients to optimize successful graft harvesting.
Patients with Lemierre syndrome have a high risk of new thromboembolic complications, clinical sequelae and death: an analysis of 712 cases
Authors: Valerio L. , Zane F. , Sacco C. , Granziera S. , Nicoletti T. , Russo M. , Corsi G. , Holm K. , Hotz M.‐A. , Righini C. , Karkos P. D. , Mahmoudpour S. H. , Kucher N. , Verhamme P. , Di Nisio M. , Centor R. M. , Konstantinides S. V. , Pecci A. , Barco S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundLemierre syndrome is characterized by head/neck vein thrombosis and septic embolism usually complicating an acute oropharyngeal bacterial infection in adolescents and young adults. We described the course of Lemierre syndrome in the contemporary era.MethodsIn our individual‐level analysis of 712 patients (2000–2017), we included cases described as Lemierre syndrome if these criteria were met: (i) primary site of bacterial infection in the head/neck; (ii) objectively confirmed local thrombotic complications or septic embolism. The study outcomes were new or recurrent venous thromboembolism or peripheral septic lesions, major bleeding, all‐cause death and clinical sequelae.ResultsThe median age was 21 (Q1–Q3: 17–33) years, and 295 (41%) were female. At diagnosis, acute thrombosis of head/neck veins was detected in 597 (84%) patients, septic embolism in 582 (82%) and both in 468 (80%). After diagnosis and during in‐hospital follow‐up, new venous thromboembolism occurred in 34 (5.2%, 95% CI 3.8–7.2%) patients, new peripheral septic lesions became evident in 76 (11.7%; 9.4–14.3%). The rate of either was lower in patients who received anticoagulation (OR: 0.59; 0.36–0.94), higher in those with initial intracranial involvement (OR: 2.35; 1.45–3.80). Major bleeding occurred in 19 patients (2.9%; 1.9–4.5%), and 26 died (4.0%; 2.7–5.8%). Clinical sequelae were reported in 65 (10.4%, 8.2–13.0%) individuals, often consisting of cranial nerve palsy (n = 24) and orthopaedic limitations (n = 19).ConclusionsPatients with Lemierre syndrome were characterized by a substantial risk of new thromboembolic complications and death. This risk was higher in the presence of initial intracranial involvement. One‐tenth of survivors suffered major clinical sequelae.
Genetic and phenotypic characterization of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. maculifoliigardeniae causing bacterial leaf spot of Ixora in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Ying‐Ru , Lee Shin , Lu Chih‐Hung , Chu Chia‐Ching 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIxora spp. are Rubiaceae plants commonly planted as hedges or potted flower. Recently, incidents of bacterial leaf spot of Ixora were observed in central parts of Taiwan. Previous research on the disease has been scarce and focused mainly on its diagnosis. Therefore, many characteristics of the causal agent remain unclear. The present study aims to improve our understanding of this lesser‐characterized pathogen and provide information useful for its identification and management. Bacterial strains Ixo1, Ixo2 and Ixo3 were isolated from infected Ixora x westii. All three isolates were able to grow and induce leaf spot symptoms on Ixora. They also exhibited morphological and physiological characteristics typical of Xanthomonads. Biolog analysis indicated that Ixo1 to Ixo3 have metabolic fingerprints similar to X. axonopodis pv. poinsettiicola. Multilocus sequence analysis and inoculation assays identified Ixo1 to Ixo3 as X. axonopodis pv. maculifoliigardeniae, albeit their gene sequences were very similar to other species/pathovars belonging to the X. euvesicatoria species complex; members of this species complex have different plant hosts, yet share similar housekeeping gene sequences. A semi‐specific PCR assay evaluated in this work was able to differentiate Ixo1 to Ixo3 from bacteria not belonging to the X. euvesicatoria species complex, suggesting that the assay may be used in diagnosing bacterial leaf spot of ixoras. Finally, the sensitivity of the isolated pathogen to multiple commercial pesticides was tested, and the results showed that the bacterium is sensitive to streptomycin + tetracycline (10％ SP), thiophanate methyl + streptomycin (68.8％ WP) and oxolinic acid (20% WP), but more tolerant against copper‐based chemicals. Overall, the findings from this work may facilitate the identification and management of X. axonopodis pv. maculifoliigardeniae.
3D shape analysis of grass silica short cell phytoliths: a new method for fossil classification and analysis of shape evolution
Authors: Gallaher Timothy J. , Akbar Sultan Z. , Klahs Phillip C. , Marvet Claire R. , Senske Ashly M. , Clark Lynn G. , Strömberg Caroline A. E. 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Fossil grass silica short cell phytoliths (GSSCP) have been used to reconstruct the biogeography of Poaceae, untangle crop domestication history and detect past vegetation shifts. These inferences depend on accurately identifying the clade to which the fossils belong. Patterns of GSSCP shape and size variation across the family have not been established and current classification methods are subjective or based on a 2D view that ignores important 3D shape variation.

Focusing on Poaceae subfamilies Anomochlooideae, Pharoideae, Pueliodieae, Bambusoideae and Oryzoideae, we observed in situ GSSCP to establish their orientation and imaged isolated GSSCP using confocal microscopy to produce 3D models. 3D geometric morphometrics was used to analyze GSSCP shape and size. Classification models were applied to GSSCP from Eocene sediments from Nebraska, USA, and Anatolia, Turkey.

There were significant shape differences between nearly all recognized GSSCP morphotypes and between clades with shared morphotypes. Most of the Eocene GSSCP were classified as woody bamboos with some distinctive Nebraska GSSCP classified as herbaceous bamboos.

3D morphometrics hold great promise for GSSCP classification. It accounts for the complete GSSCP shape, automates size measurements and accommodates the complete range of morphotypes within a single analytical framework.
A multimodel evaluation of the water vapor budget in atmospheric rivers
Authors: Guan Bin , Waliser Duane E. , Ralph F. Martin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) are narrow regions of strong horizontal water vapor transport that play important roles in the global water cycle, weather, and hydrology. Motivated by challenges in simulating ARs with state‐of‐the‐art global models, this paper diagnoses model errors with a focus on relative contributions of moisture convergence, evaporation, and precipitation to AR column–integrated water vapor (IWV) budget. Using 20‐year simulations by 24 global weather/climate models, budget terms are calculated for four AR sectors: postfrontal, frontal, prefrontal, and pre‐AR, with biases assessed against two reanalysis products. The results indicate that each sector is unique in terms of the dominant water vapor balance, and that the terms exhibiting the largest intermodel spread are the same terms dominating the water vapor balance in each sector. Overall, simulated bulk AR characteristics (e.g., geometry, frequency, and intensity) are more sensitive to biases in IVT convergence and IWV tendency than to biases in evaporation and precipitation, although evaporation/precipitation biases do affect key AR bulk characteristics in selected sectors. The large intermodel spread (particularly for precipitation) and, in certain cases, discrepancies between the reanalysis references themselves (particularly for precipitation types) highlight the need for observational efforts that target better constraining AR processes in weather/climate models and reanalyses.
Comparison of early and conventional autogenous secondary alveolar bone graft in children with cleft lip and palate: A systematic review
Authors: Pinheiro Fabio Henrique de Sa Leitao , Drummond Robert John , Frota Carolina Martins , Bartzela Theodosia N. , dos Santos Patricia Bittencourt 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeThe literature is scarce on studies comparing secondary alveolar bone graft (SABG) performed early at approximately 5‐6 years and at the conventional time at 9‐11 years. This systematic literature review(SLR) aimed to compare clinical outcomes after two different timings of SABG in children with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate.MethodsThe inclusion criteria were autogenous iliac grafts and the following study designs: case control, cohort, clinical controlled trial (CCT), randomized CCT (RCCT), and previous SLRs. Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, ProQuest and Google Scholar were the primary databases. Two calibrated examiners worked independently to select the articles. The MINORS evaluation method for surgical non‐RCTs was used to assess for quality.Results1,111 articles were retrieved and 19 qualified. Different clinical and radiographic outcomes such as bone level, periodontal status, canine eruption and cleft‐side tooth survival were evaluated by different assessment methods such as CBCT volume, computed tomography, periodontal evaluation, panoramic, intraoral radiographs, and Bergland scale. No RCCT or meta‐analysis was found. None of the studies received the ideal score, which is 16 for non‐comparison studies and 24 for comparison studies.ConclusionMethodological variation, lack of standardization for initial cleft dimension and low‐quality level rendered a fair comparison unfeasible. Although further studies are necessary, it can be assumed that early SABG also can be an acceptable option, but this was based on a single study with a reasonable level of evidence.
People and things
Authors: Liu Qiping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAmy Tan and Virginia Woolf question the issue of space and identity in their works by means of the depiction of female characters’ interaction with things in different spatial forms. Besides this common concern, they shared an acquaintance with modern Western thought and, due to family background and relation to family and friends, they also took a keen interest in Chinese culture. This mindset not only enhances the comparability of their works, but also invites readers to consider how the subject–object relation could be rethought in their works. In Tan’s The Kitchen God’s Wife and Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway, female characters actively interact with things, a concept reinterpreted by Bill Brown in his “thing theory” to decentralize human beings. Looking at the two works in terms of new materialism, spatial theories, and ecofeminism, this paper will illustrate how things affect female characters’ search for identity and their relation with their environment so as to redefine the relations between humans and things, between nature and culture, and between individuals and their environment.