bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Law of Mass Action Type Chemical Mechanisms for Modeling Autocatalysis and Hypercycles: Their Role in the Evolutionary Race
Authors: Horváth Attila K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOne of our most appealing challenge is to unravel the role of a presumably autocatalytic system in controlling the origin and spreading of Life on our entire planet. Here we show that in the simplest autocatalytic loop involving reactions capable of self‐replication and obeying law of mass action kinetics, concentration growth of the autocatalyst may be characterized by parametrization of direct and autocatalytic pathways rather than by kinetic orders of the autocatalyst. Extending this model by feasible elementary steps allows us to outline super‐exponential growth where kinetic order of the autocatalyst is higher than unity. Furthermore, it is shown in case of the simplest hypercycle that such a situation might appear where the otherwise more sluggish autocatalytic route receives a decisive support from the crosscatalytic pathway to become an apparently stronger autocatalytic loop even if the other route contains a more efficient autocatalysis. If the hypercycle is performed under flow conditions selection of autocatalyst depends on kinetic and flow parameters influenced by external factors mimicking that the most adaptive loop of hypercycle eventually finds its wining way in the evolutionary race.
Anion Binding of a Cyclopeptide‐Derived Molecular Cage in Aqueous Solvent Mixtures
Authors: Bartl Julia , Kubik Stefan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA molecular cage consisting of two cyclic hexapeptides with an alternating sequence of (2S,4S)‐4‐aminoproline and 6‐aminopicolinic acid subunits, covalently linkedviathree diglycolic acid subunits, interacts with a variety of inorganic anions in acetonitrile/water. In the respective complexes, the anion resides in a cavity between the two cyclopeptide rings where it interacts with six converging NH groups. The cage binds sulfate anions in acetonitrile/water, 2 : 1 (v/v) with a logKaof 6.7, ca. 2.5 orders of magnitude stronger than an analogous bis(cyclopeptide) with only one linker whose sulfate affinity logKaamounts to 4.3. The preorganization induced by the three linking units is thus beneficial for sulfate binding. In addition, these linkers cause the dissociation of the sulfate complex to have a substantial Gibbs free energy of activation ΔG≠of 68.9 kJ mol−1and they also seem to affect anion selectivity as illustrated by the different effects some anions produce on the1H NMR spectra of the triply and singly‐linked bis(cyclopeptides). Such anion binding cages represent promising scaffolds to mimic natural anion receptors such as the sulfate‐binding protein.
The impact of creating shared value on hotels online reputation
Authors: Fernández‐Gámez Manuel Ángel , Gutiérrez‐Ruiz A. Manuel , Becerra‐Vicario Rafael , Ruiz‐Palomo Daniel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the relationships between created shared value (CSV) strategies and online reputation (OR) within the hotel industry. Our results show that CSV strategies improve hotel OR assigned by clients participating in consumer review Websites. Our findings fundamentally indicate that the relationship between CSV and OR in the hotel industry is relevant in two major CSV aspects: reconceiving products and redefining productivity in the value chain. Hotel managers interested in improving their hotel OR should, therefore, implement CSV strategies in their companies.
Two‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Aluminum Storage Properties
Authors: Lu Hongyan , Ning Fangyi , Jin Rong , Teng Chao , Wang Yong , Xi Kai , Zhou Dongshan , Xue Gi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs) are regarded as one of the most promising types of energy storage device in light of the safety, natural abundance, and electrochemical properties of aluminum. However, the rate capabilities of AIBs are limited owing to the sluggish kinetics of chloroaluminate anions. In this study, a covalent organic framework (COF) is adopted as the cathode material in AIBs. Theoretical and experimental results suggest that the COFs allow fast anion diffusion and intercalation without structure collapse, owing to the robust frameworks and the hierarchical pores with a large specific surface area of 1794 m2 g−1. The resultant AIB exhibits remarkable long‐term stability, with a reversible discharge capacity of 150 mAh g−1 after 13 000 cycles at 2 A g−1. It also shows an excellent rate capability of 113 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1. This work fully demonstrates the potential of COFs in the storage of chloroaluminate anions and other large‐sized ions.
Primary Ewing sarcoma of the lung diagnosed on cytology: Case report with review of literature
Authors: Dharmalingam Priya , Nargund Ashwini , MukundaPai Malathi , Patil Okaly Geeta V 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPrimary Ewing sarcoma (ES) of the lung is anecdotally rare, with few cases reported in literature. This report describes a 46 year‐old man who presented with cough and chest pain. CT Thorax revealed a lesion in the right lung. Ultrasound guided fine‐needle aspiration of the mass and subsequent cytologic examination exhibited a small round cell morphology. Immunohistochemistry done on the cell block revealed CD 99 and FLI‐1 positivity, confirming the diagnosis of ES. FISH supported the diagnosis, showing the EWSR1 rearrangement. Radiologic investigations ruled out a primary tumour elsewhere, confirming the diagnosis of primary pulmonary ES. The patient was started on chemotherapy.
Resilience in coastal dune grasslands: pH and soil organic matter effects on P nutrition, plant strategies, and soil communities
Authors: Kooijman Annemieke , Morriën Elly , Jagers op Akkerhuis Gerard , Missong Anna , Bol Roland , Klumpp Erwin , van Hall Rutger , van Til Mark , Kalbitz Karsten , Bloem Jaap 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSoil organic matter (SOM) and pH are key ecosystem drivers, influencing resilience to environmental change. We tested the separate effects of pH and SOM on nutrient availability, plant strategies, and soil community composition in calcareous and acidic Grey dunes (H2130) with low, intermediate, and/or high SOM, which differ in sensitivity to high atmospheric N deposition. Soil organic matter was mainly important for biomass parameters of plants, microbes, and soil animals, and for microarthropod diversity and network complexity. However, differences in pH led to fundamental differences in P availability and plant strategies, which overruled the normal soil community patterns, and influenced resilience to N deposition. In calcareous dunes with low grass‐encroachment, P availability was low despite high amounts of inorganic P, due to low solubility of calcium phosphates and strong P sorption to Fe oxides at high pH. Calcareous dunes were dominated by low‐competitive arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plants, which profit from mycorrhiza especially at low P. In acidic dunes with high grass‐encroachment, P availability increased as calcium phosphates dissolved and P sorption weakened with the shift from Fe oxides to Fe‐OM complexes. Weakly sorbed and colloidal P increased, and at least part of the sorbed P was organic. Acidic dunes were dominated by nonmycorrhizal (NM) plants, which increase P uptake through exudation of carboxylates and phosphatase enzymes, which release weakly sorbed P, and disintegrate labile organic P. The shifts in P availability and plant strategies also changed the soil community. Contrary to expectations, the bacterial pathway was more important in acidic than in calcareous dunes, possibly due to exudation of carboxylates and phosphatases by NM plants, which serve as bacterial food resource. Also, the fungal AM pathway was enhanced in calcareous dunes, and fungal feeders more abundant, due to the presence of AM fungi. The changes in soil communities in turn reduced expected differences in N cycling between calcareous and acidic dunes. Our results show that SOM and pH are important, but separate ecosystem drivers in Grey dunes. Differences in resilience to N deposition are mainly due to pH effects on P availability and plant strategies, which in turn overruled soil community patterns.
On the tip of the tongue: natural history observations that transformed shorebird ecology
Authors: Beninger Peter G. , Elner Robert W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA new field of shorebird feeding ecology has been opened, stemming directly from natural history observations of previously overlooked morphological and behavioral features. We describe how the pieces of this puzzle were assembled to reveal a fascinating story of small shorebird migration, trophic level shift, and direct feeding upon mudflat superficial biofilm just prior to breeding. Many unexplored avenues of research have arisen, including a trampoline effect of resource timing, the potential trade‐off between trophic imperatives and toxic co‐products, and the particular utilization of this resource in small, as opposed to large, shorebirds.
Hydraulic and geochemical interactions between surface water and sediment pore water in seasonal hypersaline Maharlu Lake, Iran
Authors: Khosravi Roghayeh , Zarei Mehdi , Sracek Ondra 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStudy of interactions between surface‐water and pore‐water in lakes is complicated due to spatio‐temporal heterogeneities in flow condition across the sediment–water interface. In this study, seasonal hypersaline Maharlu Lake was investigated by collecting surface‐water and pore‐water samples from four nests of multilevel piezometers installed at different distances from the inflow of rivers to the lake. The hydraulic heads in the piezometers as well as vertical profiles of Mg+2, Na/Cl, and Br/Cl were used to investigate both hydraulic and geochemical interactions between surface‐water and pore‐water in the lake. Depletion of lake surface water and pore water with respect to B, Br, Li+, K+, Mg2+ and the absence of Mg‐K chlorides and sulphates in the lake bed sediments is probably due to leakage of highly evaporated residual brine from the lake. Hydraulic gradients in the multilevel piezometric nests indicate that a general downward flow from surface‐water to pore‐water occurs across sediment–water interface. Vertical profiles of Br/Cl, Mg2+, and Na/Cl showed that the maximum flow rate was more than 1 m/yr close to the mouth of the inflowing rivers. The downward vertical flow was limited in the area far from the inflowing rivers due to the presence of an impermeable confining halite layer which interrupts the hydraulic connection between shallow pore water (less than 50 cm deep) and deeper zones. The hydraulic and geochemical interactions between surface‐water and pore‐water across sediment–water interface in the Maharlu Lake are of interest to find out the fate of pollutants and their distribution in the lake.
Vinculin presents unfavorable prediction in ovarian cancer and prevents proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Wang Fei , Fang Meixia , Kong Min , Wang Changhe , Xu Yuting 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe influences of Vinculin on many cancers were blurry, including ovarian cancer. Thus, we concentrated on the efficient role of Vinculin in ovarian cancer and explored the potential mechanism(s). Expression of Vinculin in ovarian cancer tissues and cell lines was investigated by real‐time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. The Kaplan–Meier manner with the logrank was performed to assess overall survival. We further evaluated the relations between Vinculin expression and clinicopathological features of ovarian cancer. Moreover, Vinculin was overexpressed or silenced by respectively transfection with pcDNA‐Vinculin or small interfering (si‐Vinculin) into human ovarian cancer cell line Caov3 or human ovarian epithelial cell line (HOEpiC). Thereafter, cell viability, cell apoptosis, and migration were checked by 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐H‐tetrazolium bromide, flow cytometer, and scratch assay, respectively. Likewise, the apoptosis‐ and migration‐related proteins were distinguished by Western blot. Compared to the nontumor tissues or HOEpiC cells, Vinculin was significantly lower expressed in the ovarian cancer tissues and cells. Furthermore, we found out that Vinculin was primarily distributed at the cell membrane and cytoplasm. Moreover, Vinculin was negatively associated with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, grade, and distant metastasis. Overexpression of Vinculin dramatically weakened cell viability and migration and stimulated apoptosis. Conversely, suppression of Vinculin showed opposite results. Vinculin presents unfavorable prediction in ovarian cancer and inhibits ovarian cancer proliferation and migration.
Use of telephone intake for family history taking at a cancer genetics service in Asia
Authors: Chin Xin Wei , Ang Zoe L. T. , Tan Ryan Y. C. , Courtney Eliza , Shaw Tarryn , Chen Yanni , Li Shao‐Tzu , Ngeow Joanne Yuen Yie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFamily history taking is a fundamental part of genetic counseling, and however, it is also a time‐consuming process. To cope with the increasing demands at the Cancer Genetics Service in Singapore, alternative methods to collect patients’ family history were implemented to reduce the duration of the initial consultation and increase the clinic's capacity. Two interventions were performed in this study, where a family history questionnaire and telephone intakes (telephone calls to collect patient family history) were implemented prior to a cancer genetics consultation. The primary outcome of this study is the duration of the initial consultation in relation to both interventions while the secondary outcome is the clinic attendance rate before and after implementing the telephone intake. The impact of interventions was evaluated with a Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act (PDSA) methodology. The use of a family history questionnaire could not be evaluated due to poor patient response while the telephone intake was found to be feasible among the local population. Two improvements were observed after the implementation of telephone intake: (a) a significant reduction in the duration of the initial consultation from 60 to 45 min (p = .001) and (b) a significant increase of 29.7% in clinic attendance (p = .01). This study demonstrates that collecting family history information ahead of genetic counseling via telephone intake is a useful measure in improving clinic capacity, which potentially resulting in optimization of clinical resources.
Survival prediction model for non‐small cell lung cancer based on somatic mutations
Authors: Zhang Weiran , Lin Xuefeng , Li Xin , Wang Meng , Sun Wei , Han Xingpeng , Sun Daqiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe 5‐year survival rate of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is only 15%. Screening some combined gene mutations could predict the survival of NSCLC patients and also provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC. The present study aimed to identify signature mutations for survival prediction of NSCLC.MethodsClinical and gene mutation information for 949 NSCLC patients was downloaded from TCGA. High frequency mutation and common mutation genes were analyzed based on 1000 cancer related genes. The LASSO‐COX model was used to screen gene mutation points and analyze their survival, and then a survival prediction model was established. Fifty NSCLC patients were collected and 1000 targeted genes were enriched by targeted next generation sequencing. The results were used to verify the combination of common mutation genes and the function of the survival model, and then to clarify their clinical significance.ResultsTen variables were screened out after LASSO‐COX analysis, including age, tumor stage, EGFR c.[2,573 T>G], PIK3CA c.[1624G>A], TP53 c.[375G>T], TP53 c.[527G>T], TP53 c.[733G>T], TP53 c.[734G>T], TP53 c.[743G>T], NFE2L2 c.[100C>G]. Except for TP53 c.[743G>T] and NFE2L2 c.[100C>G], the residual six hot spot mutations of EGFR, PIK3CA and TP53 could be regarded as a signature mutations for forecasting the survival time of NSCLC.ConclusionsThe combination of six hot spot mutations of EGFR, PIK3CA and TP53 is expected to be used for predicting the survival time of NSCLC.
Chitinase 3‐like 1 polymorphisms and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma in a Chinese population
Authors: Yu Tao , Niu Wenquan , Niu Hongtao , Duan Ruirui , Dong Fen , Yang Ting 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundChitinase 3‐like 1 (CHI3L1) plays an important role in airway inflammation and tissue remodeling; however, its pathogenic role in lung diseases remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether CHI3L1 polymorphisms are associated with the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma in a Chinese population.MethodsWe detected seven single nucleotide polymorphisms in CHI3L1 among 361 patients and 527 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects. We analysed genotype and allele distributions using Stata software (StataCorp,CollegeStation,TX,USA). We used haplotype disease analysis and haplotype phenotype analysis to assess the relationship between seven polymorphisms and the risk of COPD and asthma.ResultsThe results showed significant differences between controls and patients with COPD/asthma in the genotype distributions of the polymorphism rs4950928. Additionally, significant differences were observed in the genotype and allele distributions of rs10399805 and rs10399931 between COPD patients and controls. Moreover, the frequencies of haplotype G‐G‐T‐G‐T‐C‐G, G‐G‐T‐G‐T‐C‐C and G‐A‐T‐G‐T‐C‐G (alleles of rs12141494, rs7542294, rs880633, rs10399805, rs10399931, rs946261 and rs4950928, respectively) were significantly higher in patients with COPD. Consideration of the haplotypes of these seven single nucleotide polymorphisms in CHI3L1 in asthma patients revealed a significant association with homocysteine levels (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the CHI3L1 polymorphisms rs4950928, rs10399805 and rs10399931 can be used as genetic markers for predicting COPD and asthma risk in the Chinese population.
Long non‐coding RNA LINC00675 is associated with bladder cancer metastasis and patient survival
Authors: Liu Xing , Ke Jingwei , Gu Li , Tang Hai , Luo Xiaoqin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundMuscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), a bladder cancer that spreads into the detrusor muscle of the bladder, leads to a poor outcome. Long noncoding RNA LINC00675 has been reported to play import roles in several cancer types, although its biological function and underlying mechanism in MIBC remain largely unclear.MethodsEighty‐nine patients with MIBC were enrolled in the present study. RNA expression was measured using a quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was detected using western blotting. Transwell assays were performed to analyze the abilities of bladder cancer cells to migrate and invade. An RNA microarray was carried out to analyze LINC00675‐regulated mRNAs in bladder cancer cells.ResultsWe found that LINC00675 expression was decreased in MIBC tissues compared to matched normal tissues, and was correlated with lymph node‐metastatic MIBC. MIBC patients with low expression of LINC00675 had worse survival rates than those with high expression. Functional investigation showed that ectopic expression of LINC00675 inhibited bladder cancer cell migration, invasion and proliferation, whereas LINC00675 knockdown presented an opposite effect. Mechanistically, we found that LINC00675 inhibited β‐catenin and its downstream gene expression.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study suggest that LINC00675 regulates β‐catenin expression, and is associated with bladder cancer metastasis and patient survival.
LINC00641 hinders the progression of cervical cancer by targeting miR‐378a‐3p/CPEB3
Authors: Zhang Yan , Yu Rong , Li Lei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundLINC00641 was found to act in anti‐tumor manner in several types of cancers. Nonetheless, the detailed functions of LINC00641 have not been determined in cervical cancer (CC).MethodsThe expression of LINC00641, miR‐378a‐3p and CPEB3 was examined using a quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. The relationships between LINC00641 and its downstream mechanism were illustrated by RNA pull‐down and luciferase reporter experiments.ResultsLINC00641 was found to be under‐expressed in CC cell lines. By overexpressing LINC00641, cell proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities, as well as epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics, were inhibited, whereas the rate of apoptosis was increased. Next, a starBase search (http://starbase.sysu.edu.cn) was applied to select microRNAs that had binding sequences with LINC00641. By up‐regulating LINC00641 expression, miR‐378a‐3p expression displayed the strongest decline. Moreover, miR‐378a‐3p was found to be up‐regulated in CC cell lines. In addition, LINC00641 hindered the progression of CC by decreasing miR‐378a‐3p expression. CPEB3 was discovered as a downstream target of miR‐378a‐3p and was under‐expressed in CC cells. Furthermore, knockdown of CPEB3 could counter the influence of an overexpression of LINC00641 with respect to CC progression.ConclusionsLINC00641 suppressed the progression of CC by targeting miR‐378a‐3p/CPEB3, suggesting that LINC00641 may have positive therapeutic impact for treatment for CC.
Hepatocellular carcinoma with a non‐smooth tumor margin on hepatobiliary‐phase gadoxetic acid disodium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Is sectionectomy the suitable treatment?
Authors: Romanzi Andrea , Ariizumi Shunichi , Kotera Yoshihito , Omori Akiko , Yamashita Shingo , Katagiri Satoshi , Egawa Hiroto , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground/PurposeAnatomical sectionectomy or larger resection is known to be effective in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with microvascular invasion. A non‐smooth tumor margin on hepatobiliary‐phase gadoxetic acid disodium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (EOB‐MRI) can predict microvascular invasion of HCC. We evaluated the usefulness of EOB‐MRI for operative planning.MethodsWe evaluated 224 patients with single HCC who underwent hepatectomy between 2010 and 2013. The tumor margin was determined preoperatively. The hepatic resection was determined based on tumor location, liver function, 3D CT simulation and functional liver reserve. To control for confounding variable distributions, propensity score match was applied to compare the outcomes. Multivariate analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors of 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsOf 113 patients with a non‐smooth tumor margin, 40 patients (35%) showed microscopic portal invasion. The 5‐year RFS and OS rates were significantly higher after sectionectomy or larger hepatectomy (hemihepatectomy) than after segmentectomy or smaller hepatectomy (non‐anatomical resection). Of 111 patients with a smooth tumor margin, eight patients (7%) showed microscopic portal invasion. The 5‐year RFS and OS rates did not differ significantly between patients who underwent sectionectomy and those who underwent segmentectomy.ConclusionsOur preliminary results appear to recommend that HCC with a non‐smooth margin on HB‐phase images is treated with anatomical sectionectomy or larger hepatectomy.