bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does poor mental health change the influence of interventions on handwashing in a vulnerable population of rural Malawi? The key role of emotions
Authors: Slekiene Jurgita , Mosler Hans-Joachim 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPoor mental health is a neglected problem worldwide. People living through humanitarian emergencies suffer not only from scarcity of water, food and poor hygiene but also from poor mental health. Mental disorders can impair health-related daily behavior, handwashing with soap, of vulnerable individuals. However, it is unknown whether handwashing interventions have a different impact on people with poor mental health. A longitudinal study collected data from 638 people in Malawi at baseline and follow-up. We conducted face-to-face interviews with a quantitative questionnaire that used the RANAS approach to behavior change to measure factors underlying handwashing. We assessed mental health using the validated Chichewa version of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Mental health was impaired in 27% of the people assessed. We found a negative relationship between mental health and handwashing after the intervention (r= − 0.083*). The mediation analysis revealed significant indirect effects of mental health on handwashing via factors feelings and difficulty in getting soap for handwashing. These findings imply that mental health assessment should be included in WASH surveys. Interventions that increase positive emotions would make behavior change more successful in populations with a significant proportion of people with poor mental health. This research is especially relevant to emergency contexts.
Association between water, sanitation, and hygiene practices (WASH) and anthropometric nutritional status among selected under-five children in rural Noakhali, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Ghosh Susmita , Kabir Md. Ruhul , Islam Majharul , Bin Shadat Zehad , Ishat Fahim Sarkar , Hasan Riad , Hossain Ismail , Alam Sayeda Saima , Halima Oumma 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study aims to find out how WASH practices may be responsible for the development of diarrheal disease and poor physical growth of under-five children in rural Noakahli, Bangladesh. A case study was conducted among 110 households who had children aged between 0 and 59 months chosen by simple random method at Noakhali district, Bangladesh. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was employed to find the association. About 40.1% of children had diarrhea within 1 week prior to the study and 38.9% had skin problems of different kinds. A significant association between wasting and hand washing before feeding the baby (p &lt; 0.006) was found; stunting and family income also showed association (p &lt; 0.003). Bathing the baby regularly, cleaning toilets, and cleanliness of the baby was found to be strongly associated; not cleaning toilets was associated with a very high risk of getting diarrhea (AOR: 16.397 (1.075–250.013)). Moreover, the unavailability of soaps in toilets increased the risk of diarrheal diseases (COR: 3.933 (1.258–12.296)) in the study population. Malnutrition is highly prevalent in children living in the study area and needs to be addressed by considering the factors which affect this rate.
Real-time neuro-fuzzy controller for pressure adjustment in water distribution systems
Authors: Moreira Hugo Augusto Marinho , Gomes Heber Pimentel , Villanueva Juan Moises Mauricio , Bezerra Saulo de Tarso Marques 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This work applied a neuro-fuzzy technique for real-time pressure control in water distribution systems with variable demand. The technique acted to control the rotation speed of the pumping system, aiming mainly at increasing energy efficiency. Fuzzy, neural and neuro-fuzzy controllers were tested in an experimental setup to compare their performances in a transient regime, a permanent regime, and with respect to disturbances applied to the system. To evaluate the efficiency of the system, a demand variation curve was emulated for different operating conditions. The results demonstrate that the neuro-fuzzy controller (NFC) presented a significant increase in pumping system efficiency and a reduction in specific energy consumption of up to 79.7% when compared to the other controllers. Target pressures were kept close to the set-point values with low hydraulic transients and maintained satisfactory stability (error &lt;8%) under severe situations of demand variation. It is concluded that the NFC presented superior results when compared with the other analyzed controllers.
Estudo morfo-anatômico de Hortia oreadica e análise da composição química dos óleos essenciais das folhas, flores e frutos
Authors: Santos Danillo Luiz dos , Ferreira Heleno Dias , Paula José Realino de , Sá Stone de , Ferri Pedro Henrique , Fiuza Tatiana De Sousa 
Published: December 2020

Hortia oreadica (Rutaceae), conhecida como quina-do-campo e para-tudo, é utilizada popularmente como estimulante e estomáquica. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram realizar: a descrição morfológica e o estudo do comportamento dos indivíduos de H. oreadica em relação às variações sazonais; o estudo anatômico das folhas e caule jovem; a triagem fitoquímica do pó das folhas e identificar os componentes do óleo essencial das inflorescências, folhas e frutos. Os estudos morfológicos da planta e anatômicos das folhas e caule jovem foram realizados de acordo com as técnicas convencionais de anatomia vegetal. Os óleos essenciais foram obtidos por hidrodestilação em um aparelho de Clevenger e analisados por CG/EM. Observou-se que H. oreadica é um subarbusto, com folhas simples e alternas. Lâmina foliar glabra em ambas as faces com pontos translúcidos. Inflorescência corimbo de dicásio, com cerca de 580 flores; ramos espessos. Flor com coloração variando do rosa ao vináceo e com néctar copioso. Fruto verde, capsular e sementes pretas. Anatomicamente verificaram cavidades secretoras, cristais prismáticos, e estômatos predominantemente anomocíticos. Os componentes majoritários no óleo essencial das folhas, flores e frutos foram: o amorfa-4,7(11)-dieno e o biciclogermacreno. O estudo morfológico de H. oreadica contribuiu para a compreensão do comportamento dos indivíduos adultos, em relação às variações sazonais. A análise anatômica das folhas e caule jovem forneceu parâmetros para a correta identificação botânica desta espécie. Este trabalho apresentou a composição química do óleo essencial das folhas, flores e frutos de H. oreadica, coletados em Pirenopólis (Goiás).
The Online Health Information Needs of Family Physicians: Systematic Review of Qualitative and Quantitative Studies
Authors: van der Keylen Piet , Tomandl Johanna , Wollmann Katharina , Möhler Ralph , Sofroniou Mario , Maun Andy , Voigt-Radloff Sebastian , Frank Luca 
Published: December 2020

Background
Digitalization and the increasing availability of online information have changed the way in which information is searched for and retrieved by the public and by health professionals. The technical developments in the last two decades have transformed the methods of information retrieval. Although systematic evidence exists on the general information needs of specialists, and in particular, family physicians (FPs), there have been no recent systematic reviews to specifically address the needs of FPs and any barriers that may exist to accessing online health information.

Objective
This review aims to provide an up-to-date perspective on the needs of FPs in searching, retrieving, and using online information.

Methods
This systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies searched a multitude of databases spanning the years 2000 to 2020 (search date January 2020). Studies that analyzed the online information needs of FPs, any barriers to the accessibility of information, and their information-seeking behaviors were included. Two researchers independently scrutinized titles and abstracts, analyzing full-text papers for their eligibility, the studies therein, and the data obtained from them.

Results
The initial search yielded 4541 studies for initial title and abstract screening. Of the 144 studies that were found to be eligible for full-text screening, 41 were finally included. A total of 20 themes were developed and summarized into 5 main categories: individual needs of FPs before the search; access needs, including factors that would facilitate or hinder information retrieval; quality needs of the information to hand; utilization needs of the information available; and implication needs for everyday practice.

Conclusions
This review suggests that searching, accessing, and using online information, as well as any pre-existing needs, barriers, or demands, should not be perceived as separate entities but rather be regarded as a sequential process. Apart from accessing information and evaluating its quality, FPs expressed concerns regarding the applicability of this information to their everyday practice and its subsequent relevance to patient care. Future online information resources should cater to the needs of the primary care setting and seek to address the way in which such resources may be adapted to these specific requirements.
Influence of Diagnostic Stepper Motor Parameters on Criterion of Identifiability for Nonlinear Discrete Model by State Space
Authors: Nikitin Yu. R. , Lekomtsev P. V. , Trefilov S. A. 
Published: December 2020

Рассматривается влияние таких параметров шагового двигателя, как сопротивление и индуктивность фазы, момент инерции на критерий идентифицируемости модели привода. Для исследования влияния данных параметров использована нелинейная дискретная модель шагового двигателя в пространстве состояний.Предложена матрица измерения с учетом приведенной погрешности измерения. Получен определитель матрицы измерения при максимальных ошибках в меньшую и большую сторону в наихудшем случае. Сделан вывод о влиянии на идентифицируемость только матрицы состояния шагового двигателя, которая и будет в итоге определять ранг расширенной матрицы. Определен критерий потери идентифицируемости модели как минимальное пороговое значение определителя расширенной матрицы состояния для случаев выхода таких параметров, как сопротивление и индуктивность обмотки, момент инерции, из пространства реализуемых значений исправного шагового двигателя.Разработана имитационная модель шагового двигателя в отечественном программном продукте для моделирования технических систем SimInTech для расчета минимального определителя расширенной матрицы состояния. При уменьшении сопротивления обмотки до 0,28 Ом теряется идентифицируемость модели шагового двигателя. Причиной этого может быть межвитковое замыкание в обмотке шагового двигателя. При увеличении индуктивности обмотки до 0,0002 Гн также теряется идентифицируемость модели шагового двигателя. Изменение момента инерции шагового двигателя в широком диапазоне практически не приводит к потере идентифицируемости модели.На основе анализа изменения минимального определителя расширенной матрицы состояния, критерия идентифицируемости модели шагового двигателя возможно решение задачи диагностирования на этапах производства, эксплуатации и ремонта.
A study of clay soil deformability over time
Authors: Mikova Marina N. , Akbulyakova Evgeniya N. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The study is focused on the process of clay soil deformation over time, provided that this soil, featuring varied liquidity index values, is exposed to constant load. The consolidation process is slow; it can run for years or decades in clay soils. Long-term deformations of clay soils must be taken into account in the course of design and construction of buildings and structures, on the one hand, and in the process of analyzing settlement rates and maximal settlement values for foundation beds, on the other hand.
Materials and methods. Semi-solid, low-plasticity, high-plasticity, very high plasticity, and free-flowing clay samples were used in the study. The parameters under research encompass relative and absolute deformation of soil samples over time. These parameters are dependent on the soil liquidity index value. All laboratory tests were carried out in compression machines, and tested samples were exposed to constant load. The experimental data thus obtained were supplemented by the information provided M.A. Koltunov.
Results. Values of absolute deformations and time-to-relative deformation ratios were obtained for clays having different liquidity index values. The analysis of the time-to-relative deformation curves shows that deformations develop over time at different rates depending on the liquidity index of clay soils. An increase in the value of the liquidity index boosts the values of initial deformations and deformation rates.
Conclusions. The equations, derived in the course of the study, allow to analyze the deformation of semi-solid, low-plasticity, high-plasticity, very high plasticity, and free-flowing clays for various time ranges depending on the initial clay liquidity index. The accuracy of the approximation of these equations varies from 0.801 to 0.993, which makes it possible to characterize these dependences as high quality mathematical models.
La categoría de normalidad filosófica de Francisco Romero reguladora de la historia de la filosofía en Latinoamérica y Colombia
Authors: Rivas Osorio Pedro Pablo , Deraso Andrade Mayerli Alejandra 
Published: December 2020

Este texto tiene como propósito tratar sobre las categorías de “Normalidad Filosófica” y “Fundadores” de Francisco Romero y las contribuciones hechas al respecto por algunos pensadores latinoamericanos y colombianos. Considerando el trabajo de Romero, la filosofía en Latinoamérica a inicios del siglo XX secaracterizó por ser más rigurosa y sistemática, cuyos rasgos son consecuencia de la etapa de la normalidad filosófica, que mediante técnicas y métodos académicos configuró a la filosofía como modelo rector para la historia de la filosofía en Latinoamérica. Sin embargo, han tenido lugar dos discusiones relevantes que son citadas en este trabajo como afirmación y negación de la “Normalidad Filosófica” y “Fundadores”, con el fin de demostrar que algunos pensadores consideran y reconocen estos conceptos como una idea de proyecto filosófico, que ha conducido a la toma de conciencia de hacer filosofía latinoamericana desde la concepción occidental. Por otro lado, otros pensadores se alejan de la opinión anterior al considerar que es una forma de delimitar la historia y un requisito impuesto al modo de hacer filosofía, profesionalizando y limitando el quehacer de esta actividad. Estas afirmaciones se identifican como dos posibilidades para asentar y repensar la historia de las ideas filosóficas.
Amenazas al proceso de paz: La no-guerra y los nuevos señores de la guerra, una interpretación desde Baudrillard y Münkler
Authors: Pabón Erazo John Jairo 
Published: December 2020

El proceso de Paz en Colombia puso fin a uno de los enfrentamientos más largos del hemisferio occidental entre las F.A.R.C y el Estado colombiano. Sin embargo, éste se encuentra amenazado por diversos actores y circunstancias. Para comprender lo que es el proceso de paz es necesario hacer una conceptualización de la guerra en la primera etapa de la tercera posguerra, y para entender algunas de las amenazas por los que atraviesa el Acuerdo se hace necesario repensar el concepto de guerra a partir del mundo de finales del siglo XX e inicios del nuevo milenio. Los conceptos de no-guerra (Baudrillard) y nuevas guerras (Münkler) ayudan en la comprensión de las mayores amenazas que enfrenta el Acuerdo finalpara la terminación del conflicto en Colombia.
Tree Communities and Aboveground Biomass in the Submontane Zone of Ketambe Resort, Mount Leuser National Park, Aceh
Authors: Nasution Taufikurrahman , Efendi Muhammad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract: Mount Leuser National Park is one of the largest conservation areas and plays important ecological and economic functions. To support forest management, it is important to gain current vegetation data. The sampling method of a 0.1 hectare plot was carried out on two sampling sites in the submontane zone of Ketambe Resort, Mount Leuser National Park, Aceh. The diversity of trees was not significantly different, while species composition was different. Site one was dominated by Syzygium spp. and Shorea platyclados, while site two was dominated by Altingia excelsa and Bridelia glauca. Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, and Dipterocarpace families dominated in both sites. Tree structures formed three strata and showed a good capacity for forest regeneration. The aboveground biomass of site one was higher than site two due to the presence of more large trees. Pioneer species, cultivated plants, a low average wood density, and low aboveground biomass indicated secondary forest characteristics in both sites. Abstrak: Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser merupakan salah satu kawasan konservasi yang terluas dan memiliki fungsi ekologi dan ekonomi yang penting. Data vegetasi terkini penting didapatkan untuk mendukung pengelolaan hutan. Metode sampling dengan plot 0.1 hektar dilakukan di dua lokasi pada zona submontana Resort Ketambe, Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser, Aceh. Keanekaragaman jenis pohon tidak berbeda secara nyata sementara komposisi jenis berbeda. Lokasi satu didominasi oleh Syzygium spp. dan Shorea platyclados, sementara lokasi dua didominasi oleh Altingia excelsa dan Bridelia glauca. Suku Lauraceae, Myrtaceae dan Dipterocarpace mendominasi pada kedua lokasi. Struktur pohon membentuk tiga strata dan menunjukkan kemampuan regenerasi hutan yang baik. Biomassa pohon di atas permukaan pada lokasi satu lebih tinggi dibandingkan lokasi dua karena lebih banyaknya pohon berukuran besar. Jenis pionir, tanaman budidaya, rata-rata berat jenis kayu dan biomassa di atas permukaan yang rendah mengindikasikan karakteristik hutan sekunder pada kedua lokasi.
Deprywacyjny charakter organizacji wolnego czasu w więzieniu
Authors: Mydłowska Beata , Pierzchała Kazimierz 
Published: December 2020

Artykuł poddaje refleksji specyfikę form spędzania czasu przez więźniów we współczesnych zakładach karnych. Autorzy poddali analizie sposoby zagospodarowania czasu wolnego w wybranym zakładzie karnym. W szczególności skupiono uwagę na tych formach aktywności, które sprzyjają szeroko pojętemu rozwojowi osobowościowemu i przyczyniają się do tego, że pobyt w zakładzie karnym jest czasem straconym. Uwzględniając opinie skazanych na temat konsekwencji wynikających z różnych form spędzania czasu, odniesiono się do ich potrzeb związanych z podtrzymywaniem związków w ramach struktury ja–świat, koniecznych do prawidłowego, psychofizjologicznego funkcjonowania osobowości. Słowa kluczowe: zakład karny, czas stracony, czas pozytywnie wykorzystany, formy aktywności skazanych, rzeczywistość penitencjarna.
Adaptacja do izolacji więziennej Przegląd koncepcji
Authors: Miszewski Kamil 
Published: December 2020

Artykuł ma charakter przeglądowy. Zaprezentowane i omówione zostały koncepcje (w tym typologie) adaptacji do izolacji więziennej, które pojawiły się w literaturze na przestrzeni lat, a dokładnie: Leona Rabinowicza, Władimira Pirożkowa, Donalda Clemmera, Greshama Sykesa, Ervinga Goffmana, Johna Irwina, Stanley’a Cohena i Laurie’go Taylora, Roy’a Kinga i Kennetha Elliota oraz Bena Crewe. Autor wyjaśnia kontekst, w jakim powstały, przedstawia ich wady i zalety oraz rozważa kwestię uniwersalności każdej z nich.
Wyzwania w pracy socjoterapeutycznej z dziećmi i młodzieżą Perspektywa prowadzących grupy
Authors: Jankowiak Barbara , Soroko Emilia 
Published: December 2020

Socjoterapia jest często oferowana w Polsce jako forma pomocy dla dzieci i młodzieży z trudnościami w funkcjonowaniu psychospołecznym. Praca socjoterapeutów i socjoterapeutek jest oparta na zaufaniu społecznym i wymaga funkcjonowania w wielu złożonych uwarunkowaniach. Celem niniejszej analizy było poznanie perspektywy socjoterapeutów i socjoterapeutek na trudności i wyzwania w ich codziennej pracy socjoterapeutycznej. W tym celu zostało zebranych 37 wypowiedzi pisemnych od socjoterapeutów pracujących w różnychplacówkach, głównie szkołach i świetlicach socjoterapeutycznych. Wypowiedzi zostały zanalizowane metodą analizy tematycznej (w podejściu autorstwa Braun i Clarke), pozwalającej nawygenerowanie pięciu tematów, które obejmują doświadczenie wyzwań: 1) wyzwaniem jest uczestnik; 2) dbać o grupę jako efektywne środowisko terapeutyczne; 3) pracować „z otwartym sercem”; 4) balansować między pewnością i niepewnością; 5) pracować mimo poczucia, że „nie wszyscy jadą w tę samą stronę”. Tematy mogą otworzyć dyskusję na temat tego, jak wspierać profesjonalistów/tki w ich codziennej pracy, na przykład przez wprowadzanie działań, które mogą zwiększyć ich poczucie wpływu i kontroli nad procesem socjoterapeutycznym. Jednocześnie praca socjoterapeutyczna jawi się jako wymagająca integrowania różnych celów związanych z kontekstami funkcjonowania uczestnika, grupy i instytucji, w których prowadzona jest socjoterapia.
Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi NaOH Terhadap Nilai Derajat Deasetilasi Kitosan dari Limbah Cangkang Kerang Hijau (Perna viridis L)
Authors: Wulandari Winda Trisna , Nurzaman  , Pratita Anindita Tri Kusuma , Idacahyati Keni 
Published: December 2020

Chitin which is the result of processing from green conch shell waste can be transformed into chitosan through a deacetylation process using variations in the concentration of NaOH. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions of variations in base concentration to the value of the degree of deacetylation of chitosan. The types of bases used are NaOH with the concentration variations of 50%, 55%, and 60%. Chitosan obtained was calculated the yield and characterized using FTIR. The results showed the optimum condition of the value of chitosan deacetylation degree was achieved by using 60% NaOH which produced the highest deacetylation degree value of 76.5%.
Keywords: Green mussels shell, chitin, chitosan, deacetylation
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Surfaktan Non-Ionik Terhadap Viskositas Perekat Polivinil Asetat Berbasis Air
Authors: Sihombing Rony Pasonang , Sudarman Robby , Ngatin Agustinus 
Published: December 2020

Substrate combining could be done by using adhesive. In Indonesia, especially industrial field, solvent base adhesives were still being developed. This kind of adhesive was not environmental friendly and not safe handling. Therefore, Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) water-based adhesive was prepared as an outcome of this research as one of solution to overcome the problem above. Effect of surfactant concentration on the viscosity was aimed at this research. Semi continuous polymerization with stirring motor rates on 50 – 500 rpm was used (optional). Pressure of 1 atm, 750C temperature, 5 – 6 hours reaction time for each was used as polymerization operation in this research. Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM), partial hydrolysis Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVOH), water, Ammonium Persulfate (APS) were prepared as raw material. NP-10 and NP-06 were non-ionic surfactants which each concentration was varied in this research. Water-based adhesive with NP-06 concentration variation resulting in viscosity from 98 m.Pa for 0.17 %wt concentration to 213 m.Pa for 0.68 %wt concentration. While NP-10 concentration variation resulting viscosity from 143 m.Pa for 0.17 %wt to 321 m.Pa for 0.68 %wt concentration. Therefore, adhesive with NP-10 surfactant concentration variable has a higher viscosity rate than NP-06 ones.
Keywords: Water-based adhesive, non-ionic surfactant, adhesive viscosity