bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of redundant nerve roots in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis is body position dependent: a retrospective observational study with repeated measures design in an upright MRI scanner
Authors: Papavero Luca , Ebert Stella , Marques Carlos J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Redundant nerve roots (RNRs) are a negative prognostic factor in patients with central lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Forty percent of candidates for surgical decompression show RNRs (RNR+) on preoperative conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We investigated the prevalence of RNRs in three functional postures (standing, neutral sitting and flexed sitting) with an upright MRI (upMRI).

Methods
A retrospective observational study with a repeated measures design. Thirty surgical candidates underwent upMRI. Sagittal and axial T2-weighted images of the three functional postures were evaluated. The segmental length of the lumbar spine (sLLS), the lordotic angle (LA) and the dural cross-sectional area (DCSA) were measured in each body position. Generalized linear mixed models were carried out. The 0.05 level of probability was set as the criterion for statistical significance.

Results
The prevalence of RNRs decreased from 80% during standing to 16.7% during flexed sitting (p < 0.001). The sLLS increased significantly from standing to neutral sitting in both RNR groups (p < 0.001). The increase from neutral sitting to flexed sitting was only significant (p < 0.001) for the group without RNRs (RNR−). The LA decreased significantly for both RNR groups from standing to flexed sitting (p < 0.001). The DSCA increased significantly in the RNR− group (p < 0.001) but not in the RNR+ group (p = 0.9).

Conclusion
The prevalence of RNRs is body position dependent. Increases in DCSA play a determinant role in resolving RNRs.
Patellar fixation graft via suture anchors versus tunnel techniques during isolated MPFL reconstruction for recurrent patellofemoral instability: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Driessen Arne , Quack Valentin , Schenker Hanno , Tingart Markus , Eschweiler Jörg 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction
There is still a lack of evidence concerning the patellar fixation of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) graft in selected patient with recurrent instability. The purpose of the present study was to investigate and compare clinical outcomes and further complications of isolated MPFL reconstruction via suture anchors versus tunnel techniques for recurrent patellofemoral instability.

Materials and methods
This systematic review of the literature was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. In September 2019, the main databases were accessed. All the clinical trials performing isolated MPFL reconstruction in patients with recurrent patellofemoral instability were included in the present study. Only articles fixing the MPFL graft through suture anchors and/ or patellar tunnel techniques were included in the analysis.

Results
Data from 46 papers (1712 patients) were recorded. The mean follow-up was 40 ± 18 months. No differences were found in Kujala, Lysholm and Tegner score, International Knee Documentation Committee, visual analogic scale, range of motion and re-dislocation rate. The suture anchors fixation group detected reduced rate of apprehension test (OR: 0.6; p = 0.03), revision surgeries (OR: 0.4; p = 0.02) and anterior knee pain (OR: 0.05; p < 0.0001) and reduced not-classified complications (OR: 0.18; p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
Both the suture anchors and the bone-tunnels are a feasible option for isolated MPFL reconstruction in patients with recurrent patellofemoral instability. Patellar fixation via suture anchors evidenced a reduced rate of anterior knee pain, revision surgeries, apprehension test and an overall reduced complication compared to the bone-tunnel technique.
Parental death by external causes and risk of hospital-treated deliberate self-harm in bereaved offspring
Authors: Burrell Lisa Victoria , Mehlum Lars , Qin Ping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have reported an increased risk of hospital-treated deliberate self-harm (DSH) in offspring who have lost a parent, but inconclusive findings regarding differences between loss from suicide and accidents. The present study aimed to investigate the association between parental death by external causes before age 18 and hospital-treated DSH, and potential differences between different accidents and suicide. This nested-case–control study was based on data from longitudinal Norwegian registers. Subjects comprised 12,526 people born between 1970 and 2003 who received acute somatic treatment because of DSH at hospitals and associated services between 2008 and 2013 (cases), and 222,362 controls matched for gender and date of birth with no recorded DSH treatment. Information concerning deceased parent’s death and offspring’s DSH treatment and socioeconomic data was merged. Data were analysed with conditional logistic regression. Results indicated that offspring who had lost a parent to suicide (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.92–2.80) and death by accidents such as falls, poisoning, and drowning (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.38–2.33) had a significantly increased risk of hospital-treated DSH compared to offspring who had not experienced such loss. Parental bereavement from transport accidents and other external causes were not associated with significantly increased risks. No differences were evident for different genders of deceased, ages at bereavement, or genders of bereaved. The improved identification of bereaved offspring at particular risk of hospital-treated DSH should be utilized to implement effective prevention and treatment programs in specialist healthcare aimed at the individuals at highest risk.
Global distribution of carbonate rocks and karst water resources
Authors: Goldscheider Nico , Chen Zhao , Auler Augusto S. , Bakalowicz Michel , Broda Stefan , Drew David , Hartmann Jens , Jiang Guanghui , Moosdorf Nils , Stevanovic Zoran , Veni George 
Published: April 2020

AbstractKarst regions offer a variety of natural resources such as freshwater and biodiversity, and many cultural resources. The World Karst Aquifer Map (WOKAM) is the first detailed and complete global geodatabase concerning the distribution of karstifiable rocks (carbonates and evaporites) representing potential karst aquifers. This study presents a statistical evaluation of WOKAM, focusing entirely on karst in carbonate rocks and addressing four main aspects: (1) global occurrence and geographic distribution of karst; (2) karst in various topographic settings and coastal areas; (3) karst in different climatic zones; and (4) populations living on karst. According to the analysis, 15.2% of the global ice-free continental surface is characterized by the presence of karstifiable carbonate rock. The largest percentage is in Europe (21.8%); the largest absolute area occurs in Asia (8.35 million km2). Globally, 31.1% of all surface exposures of carbonate rocks occur in plains, 28.1% in hills and 40.8% in mountains, and 151,400 km or 15.7% of marine coastlines are characterized by carbonate rocks. About 34.2% of all carbonate rocks occur in arid climates, followed by 28.2% in cold and 15.9% in temperate climates, whereas only 13.1 and 8.6% occur in tropical and polar climates, respectively. Globally, 1.18 billion people (16.5% of the global population) live on karst. The highest absolute number occurs in Asia (661.7 million), whereas the highest percentages are in Europe (25.3%) and North America (23.5%). These results demonstrate the global importance of karst and serve as a basis for further research and international water management strategies.
Responsible Firm Behaviour in Political Markets: Judging the Ethicality of Corporate Political Activity in Weak Institutional Environments
Authors: Liedong Tahiru Azaaviele 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhile support for corporate political activity (CPA) is well echoed in the literature, little has been done to empirically examine its ethicality. Moreover, existing ethical CPA frameworks assume normative and rational leanings that are insufficient to provide a comprehensive account of CPA ethicality. Utilizing the Ghanaian context, adopting a multiple case study design involving 28 Directors from 22 firms, and employing a grounded theory approach, I explore how the ethicality of CPA is determined in weak institutional environments. The findings reveal that business executives evaluate ethics at three levels (i.e. context, organizational and strategy) using three principles (i.e. utilitarianism, justice and institutions). Leveraging this knowledge, I present an eclectic framework that bridges the long-standing gap between normative ethical prescriptions and lived ethical realities. In doing so, I move away from abstraction to give “voice” to the actors involved in CPA. I also present a model that shows how the ethical judgement process is influenced by managerial intuition and interactive personal and organizational experiences. This article has important theoretical and practical implications for ethical business-government relations in developing countries.
A nuclear periodic table
Authors: Hagino K. , Maeno Y. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere has been plenty of empirical evidence which shows that the single-particle picture holds to a good approximation in atomic nuclei. In this picture, protons and neutrons move independently inside a mean-field potential generated by an interaction among the nucleons. This leads to the concept of nuclear shells, similar to the electronic shells in atoms. In particular, the magic numbers due to closures of the nucleonic shells, corresponding to noble gases in elements, have been known to play an important role in nuclear physics. Here we propose a periodic table for atomic nuclei, in which the elements are arranged according to the known nucleonic shells. The nuclear periodic table clearly indicates that nuclei in the vicinity of the magic numbers can be understood in terms of a shell closure with one or two additional nucleons or nucleon holes, while nuclei far from the magic numbers are characterized by nuclear deformation.
Process Monitoring of Moisture Content and Mass Transfer Rate in a Fluidised Bed with a Low Cost Inline MEMS NIR Sensor
Authors: Avila Claudio R. , Ferré Joan , de Oliveira Rodrigo Rocha , de Juan Anna , Sinclair Wayne E. , Mahdi Faiz M. , Hassanpour Ali , Hunter Timothy N. , Bourne Richard A. , Muller Frans L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The current trend for continuous drug product manufacturing requires new, affordable process analytical techniques (PAT) to ensure control of processing. This work evaluates whether property models based on spectral data from recent Fabry–Pérot Interferometer based NIR sensors can generate a high-resolution moisture signal suitable for process control.

Methods
Spectral data and offline moisture content were recorded for 14 fluid bed dryer batches of pharmaceutical granules. A PLS moisture model was constructed resulting in a high resolution moisture signal, used to demonstrate (i) endpoint determination and (ii) evaluation of mass transfer performance.

Results
The sensors appear robust with respect to vibration and ambient temperature changes, and the accuracy of water content predictions (±13 % ) is similar to those reported for high specification NIR sensors. Fusion of temperature and moisture content signal allowed monitoring of water transport rates in the fluidised bed and highlighted the importance water transport within the solid phase at low moisture levels. The NIR data was also successfully used with PCA-based MSPC models for endpoint detection.

Conclusions
The spectral quality of the small form factor NIR sensor and its robustness is clearly sufficient for the construction and application of PLS models as well as PCA-based MSPC moisture models. The resulting high resolution moisture content signal was successfully used for endpoint detection and monitoring the mass transfer rate.
Innovation and growth in the UK pharmaceuticals: the case of product and marketing introductions
Authors: Bokhari Farasat A. S. , Mariuzzo Franco , Bennato Anna Rita 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNew drug introductions are key to growth for pharmaceutical firms. However, not all innovations are the same and they may have differential effects that vary by firm size. We use quarterly sales data on UK pharmaceuticals in a dynamic panel model to estimate the impact of product (new drugs) and marketing (additional pack varieties) innovations within a therapeutic class on a firm’s business unit growth. We find that product innovations lead to substantial growth in both the short and long run, whereas a new pack variety only produces short-term effects. The strategies are substitutes but the marginal effects are larger for product innovations relative to additional packs, and the effects are larger for smaller business units. Nonetheless, pack introductions offer a viable short-term growth strategy, especially for small- and medium-sized businesses.
Kripke Semantics for Intuitionistic Łukasiewicz Logic
Authors: Lewis-Smith A. , Oliva P. , Robinson E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes a generalization of the Kripke semantics of intuitionistic logicIL appropriate forintuitionistic Łukasiewicz logicIŁL —a logic in the intersection betweenIL and (classical) Łukasiewicz logic. This generalised Kripke semantics is based on theposet sumconstruction, used in Bova and Montagna (Theoret Comput Sci 410(12):1143–1158, 2009). to show the decidability (and PSPACE completeness) of the quasiequational theory of commutative, integral and bounded GBL algebras. The main idea is that$$w \Vdash \psi $$w⊩ψ—which forILis a relation between worldswand formulas$$\psi $$ψ, and can be seen as a function taking values in the booleans$$(w \Vdash \psi ) \in {{\mathbb {B}}}$$(w⊩ψ)∈B—becomes a function taking values in the unit interval$$(w \Vdash \psi ) \in [0,1]$$(w⊩ψ)∈[0,1]. An appropriate monotonicity restriction (which we callsloping functions) needs to be put on such functions in order to ensure soundness and completeness of the semantics.
Role of Endourological Procedures (PCNL and URS) on Renal Function: a Systematic Review
Authors: Reeves Thomas , Pietropaolo Amelia , Gadzhiev Nariman , Seitz Christian , Somani Bhaskar K. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose of Review
To present the latest evidence related to the impact of ureteroscopy (URS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) on the renal function.

Recent Findings
Our review suggests that the overall renal function is not detrimentally affected by endourological interventions (URS, PCNL). This is however influenced by the preoperative renal function, presence of comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension. For PCNL procedures, tract multiplicity, preoperative UTI, and postoperative bleeding also contribute to a decline in renal function.

Summary
This review suggests that endourological interventions do not adversely affect renal function and tend to improve it in patients who do not have a poor renal function prior to the procedure. Several factors including poor preoperative renal function, diabetes, hypertension, and multiple percutaneous tracts appear to predispose patients to declining renal function after procedure, and these patients should be counseled for and followed up appropriately.
Homologous recombination deficiency in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Bartl Thomas , Paspalj Valentina , Grimm Christoph 
Published: April 2020

SummarySince the introduction of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor therapy for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients, testing for aberrations of homologous recombination (HR) repair as a predictive biomarker of therapy response has become an area of particular clinical interest. As HR represents a crucial repair pathway of otherwise possibly lethal DNA double strand breaks, its deficiency triggers a phenotypic behavior of tumor cells resulting in the accumulation of genetic damage. PARP inhibitors target this emerging genomic instability by fostering DNA strand breaks. Whereas testing for mutations of the tumor-suppressor genes BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 as a pivotal part of the HR apparatus has entered clinical routine, approximately 30% more high-grade EOC patients harbor aberrations of the HR pathway other than BRCA mutations and may therefore respond to PARP inhibition therapy. In recent years, several double-blind, placebo-controlled trials investigating sizeable patient cohorts have reported positive results of PARP inhibitor therapy response in HR-positive patient subgroups. Therefore, introducing HR testing in both the primary and recurrent setting as a biomarker for PARP inhibitor response may expand the range of patients who may profit from this therapeutic option beyond BRCA-mutated tumors.
Decision Support System to Improve the Effectiveness of Chemical Control Against Cutworms in Sugar Beet
Authors: Jakubowska Magdalena , Bocianowski Jan , Nowosad Kamila , Kowalska Jolanta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe aim of this research was to create an advisory system for commodity services and sugar beet growers to support their decisions about the use of chemical control against the cutworms. Consequently, two forecasting models for determining the chemical control time were compared: one based on a signaling method and the other based on average of [effective] temperatures necessary for caterpillars to achieve the desiredL2stage. The date of first flights and the total number of pests on plantations were determined. The usefulness of monitoring cutworm catches was also compared with systematic observations of sugar beet fields at the moment when the mass flight of cutworm moths was identified. The beginning of oviposition, hatching of the first caterpillars and the caterpillars’ growth to 10–12 mm was observed, and optimal date of chemical treatment against cutworms was forecasted. During the study, the time for insecticidal treatments against cutworms was determined by the signaling method between the 29th and the 41st day following the onset of the cutworm moths’ mass flight. The time of treatments was determined phenologically by obtaining the sum of heat which ranged from 300.7 to 696.4 °C with an average of 523.17 °C and the sum of effective temperatures which ranged from 120.2 to 260.5 °C with an average of 180.1 °C.
Salinity and water effect on electrical properties of fragile clayey sandstone
Authors: Gomaa Mohamed Mahmoud 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThere are enormous variations in the electrical characteristics of rocks and minerals according to many factors. Electrical measurements were taken to define the weight of these variations. Water saturation effect (partially and fully) on electrical characteristics of loose clayey sandstone samples was studied. Measurements were taken at room temperature (~ 19 °C) and a frequency range of (0.0005 Hz–100 kHz). Changes in water content are the only factor that controls changes in electrical properties. Change in frequency with water content is an important factor for electrical properties. At relatively low frequencies and low saturations, an interface between grains (charge accumulation at grain surfaces and bound water) is the dominating factor. Also, the bulk material properties at high frequency and full saturations are the controlling factors. At moderate saturations, there are surface charge displacement and exchange of excess ions between grains. For high saturations, due to existence of high mobilities of excess ions, the diffusion or membrane polarization is the main controlling mechanisms. The water used in the sample is 4 g of NaCl/100 g of distilled water. The electrical conductivity of the samples increases gradually with the addition of saline water. With an increase in frequency, variations of conductivity may be negligible.
When will I&nbsp;get my paper back? A&nbsp;replication study of publication timelines for health professions education research
Authors: Maggio Lauren A. , Bynum IV William E. , Schreiber-Gregory Deanna N. , Durning Steven J. , Artino Jr. Anthony R. 
Published: April 2020

Introduction Biomedical researchers have lamented the lengthy timelines from manuscript submission to publication and highlighted potential detrimental effects on scientific progress and scientists’ careers. In 2015, Himmelstein identified the mean time from manuscript submission to acceptance in biomedicine as approximately 100 days. The length of publication timelines in health professions education (HPE) is currently unknown.
Methods This study replicates Himmelstein’s work with a sample of 14 HPE journals published between 2008–2018. Using PubMed, 19,182 article citations were retrieved. Open metadata for each were downloaded, including the date the article was received by the journal, date the authors resubmitted revisions, date the journal accepted the article, and date of entry into PubMed. Journals without publication history metadata were excluded.
Results Publication history data were available for 55% (n = 8) of the journals sampled. The publication histories of 4,735 (25%) articles were analyzed. Mean time from: (1) author submission to journal acceptance was 180.93 days (SD = 103.89), (2) author submission to posting on PubMed was 263.55 days (SD = 157.61), and (3) journal acceptance to posting on PubMed was 83.15 days (SD = 135.72).
Discussion This study presents publication metadata for journals that openly provide it—a first step towards understanding publication timelines in HPE. Findings confirm the replicability of the original study, and the limited data suggest that, in comparison to biomedical scientists broadly, medical educators may experience longer wait times for article acceptance and publication.
Orthorexic tendencies moderate the relationship between semi-vegetarianism and depressive symptoms
Authors: Hessler-Kaufmann Johannes Baltasar , Meule Adrian , Holzapfel Christina , Brandl Beate , Greetfeld Martin , Skurk Thomas , Schlegl Sandra , Hauner Hans , Voderholzer Ulrich 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Vegetarianism and semi-vegetarianism (i.e., overly vegetarian diet with rare consumption of meat) have been repeatedly linked with depression. As the nature of this association is unclear, we explored whether orthorexic (i.e., pathologically healthful eating) tendencies and ecological/ethical motives to follow a vegetarian diet may moderate the relationship between (semi-)vegetarian diets and depressive symptoms.

Methods
Five-hundred eleven adults (63.4% females; 71.2% omnivores, 19.2% semi-vegetarians, 9.6% vegetarians) completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) questionnaire—measuring depressive symptoms—and the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (DOS)—measuring orthorexic tendencies. Based on respective questions, participants were categorized as omnivores, semi-vegetarians, and vegetarians (including vegans) and were asked to indicate whether they chose their diet based on ecological/ethical motives. Moderation analyses were carried out with PROCESS.

Results
Adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index, there was a statistically significant interaction effect between diet (omnivore vs. semi-vegetarianism vs. vegetarianism) and DOS scores when predicting PHQ depression scores. At low or medium DOS scores, diets did not differ in PHQ depression scores (all ps > 0.05). At high DOS scores, however, semi-vegetarians had higher PHQ depression scores than both omnivores (p = 0.002) and vegetarians (p < 0.001). The interaction between diet and ecological/ethical eating motives when predicting PHQ depression scores was not statistically significant (p = 0.41).

Conclusion
Semi-vegetarians with strong orthorexic tendencies show more depressive symptoms than omnivores and vegetarians. The complex nature of the relationship between vegetarianism and depression requires further investigation.

Level of evidence
III, case-control analytic studies.