bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive association of angiotensin II receptor blockers, not angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, with an increased vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients hospitalized for suspected COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Georges Jean-Louis , Gilles Floriane , Cochet Hélène , Bertrand Alisson , De Tournemire Marie , Monguillon Victorien , Pasqualini Maeva , Prevot Alix , Roger Guillaume , Saba Joseph , Soltani Joséphine , Koukabi-Fradelizi Mehrsa , Beressi Jean-Paul , Laureana Cécile , Prost Jean-François , Livarek Bernard 
Published: December 2020

Background
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is the receptor that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses for entry into lung cells. Because ACE-2 may be modulated by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), there is concern that patients treated with ACEIs and ARBs are at higher risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.

Aim
This study sought to analyze the association of COVID-19 pneumonia with previous treatment with ACEIs and ARBs.

Materials and methods
We retrospectively reviewed 684 consecutive patients hospitalized for suspected COVID-19 pneumonia and tested by polymerase chain reaction assay. Patients were split into two groups, according to whether (group 1, n = 484) or not (group 2, n = 250) COVID-19 was confirmed. Multivariable adjusted comparisons included a propensity score analysis.

Results
The mean age was 63.6 ± 18.7 years, and 302 patients (44%) were female. Hypertension was present in 42.6% and 38.4% of patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P = 0.28). Treatment with ARBs was more frequent in group 1 than group 2 (20.7% vs. 12.0%, respectively; odds ratio [OR] 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–2.98; P = 0.004). No difference was found for treatment with ACEIs (12.7% vs. 15.7%, respectively; OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.52–1.26; P = 0.35). Propensity score-matched multivariable logistic regression confirmed a significant association between COVID-19 and previous treatment with ARBs (adjusted OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.38–4.04; P = 0.002). Significant interaction between ARBs and ACEIs for the risk of COVID-19 was observed in patients aged > 60 years, women, and hypertensive patients.

Conclusions
This study suggests that ACEIs and ARBs are not similarly associated with COVID-19. In this retrospective series, patients with COVID-19 pneumonia more frequently had previous treatment with ARBs compared with patients without COVID-19.
L’accertamento dei tributi doganali: nuovi criteri di selezione dei controlli, confronti e tendenze evolutive
Authors: Saponaro Fabio 
Published: December 2020

Aprovado e publicado em 11 de novembro de 2020. L’Autore esamina il funzionamento del sistema doganale europeo nei suoi profili sia di diritto sostanziale sia di diritto formale, ponendo particolare attenzione all’attività di revisione ed accertamento dei tributi doganali, che continua ad essere disciplinata dai singoli Stati membri dell’Unione europea. L’esigenza di reprimere sul territorio dell’Unione europea le frodi in materia doganale - in considerazione del fatto che i dazi costituiscono risorse proprie dell’Unione - ha visto incrementare gli interventi legislativi sovranazionali, anche in questa materia, al fine di introdurre nuovi strumenti e regole comuni per agevolare e migliorare le attività di verifica e controllo: scambio di informazioni fiscali e banche date informatiche per la condivisione delle informazioni tributarie disponibili presso ciascuno Stato. La ricerca di più efficaci criteri di selezione del rischio di elusione ed evasione fiscale sembra sempre più essere il risultato di una sterile e discutibile elaborazione informatica, scaturita dell’esame incrociato di una sempre maggiore mole di informazioni fiscali scambiate e/o condivise, quasi mai preceduta da un’adeguata analisi qualitativa e preventiva in grado di tenere conto e di garantire le esigenze di tutela del contribuente. Il modello europeo viene posto a confronto con quello brasiliano, che con l’adozione del “SISAM”, particolarmente evoluto sul piano tecnico-informatico, giunge perfino all’utilizzo di forme di “intelligenza artificiale” per garantire una efficiente selezione dei controlli e delle operazioni a rischio. Sullo sfondo emerge la contrapposizione tra il prevalente interesse fiscale rispetto al diritto di tutela del contribuente, spesso pregiudicato o impossibilitato nell’esercizio del suo diritto di difesa.
LOGICO SEMANTIC RELATION ANALYSIS OF CLAUSE COMPLEX IN CNN NEWS
Authors: Noviandari Niken Sri , Yuwono Dolar 
Published: December 2020

This study deals with Logico Semantic Relation in CNN News text. The objectives of this study is to discover the types of Logico Semantic Relation of Clause Complex Used in CNN News and to know the dominant type of logical semantic systems interpreted in CNN News. The researcher applied qualitative approach and used content analysis design. The technique of collecting data was documentation. The data of the research was Logico Semantic Relation meanwhile the news text of CNN was as the data source of the research. The data were analyzed by data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The findings showed that (1) The types of Logico Semantic Relation used in the five news texts of CNN were Expansion (Elaboration, Enhancement, and Extension) and Projection (Locution). The total number of Logico Semantic Relation was 201 or 100% which consisted of 153 items or 76,10% of expansion and 48 items or 23,90% of projection. (2) Expansion (Elaboration) was the most dominant type among all kinds of Logico Semantic Relation which appeared in 92 times or 45,80%. The second rank was projection (locution) that was 48 times or 23,90%. The third position was expansion (Enhancement) which occurred 33 times or 16,40%. Meanwhile, Expansion (Extension) appeared 28 times or 13,90%, and the last one was projection (idea), which had no percentage (0 times or 0.00%). The researcher concludes that there are two types of Logico Semantic Relation used in the CNN news text, those are Expansion (Elaboration, Enhancement, and Extension) and Projection (Locution). The most dominant type of Logico Semantic Relation that appears in the text is Expansion (Elaboration).
Reduction of Shale Permeability by Temperature-Induced Creep
Authors: Zhang Qian , Fink Reinhard , Krooss Bernhard , Jalali Mohammadreza , Littke Ralf 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe effects of temperature on the permeability coefficients of carbonaceous shales and the underlying mechanisms have been investigated experimentally. Pressure-pulse-decay gas-permeability tests were performed on seven shale plugs with different lithological compositions, organic-matter contents ranging from 0.8 to 11.7% total organic carbon (TOC) and thermal maturity between 0.53 and 1.45% random vitrinite reflectance (VRr). During the tests, the measuring temperatures were changed stepwise from 30 to 120°C and back to 30°C while axial load and confining pressure were kept constant. Sister plugs were used for mechanical tests to investigate the creep response upon thermal loading under the same temperature conditions. The samples showed varying degrees of permeability reduction by up to 71% with increasing temperature. This reduced permeability persisted during the cooling phase. The observed permeability changes reflect the elastoplastic deformation upon the thermal compaction of the rocks. Permeability reduction and creep response with increasing temperature are evidently controlled by organic matter, although clay minerals also played an important role. Organic-matter- and clay-rich shales exhibit the strongest response to temperature, while temperature effects were slightly smaller for overmature samples. Rock mechanical analysis showed that permeability reduction correlates with temperature-related creep/deformation of the shales. Given the strong temperature dependence of the mechanical stiffness of solid organic matter and of the viscosity of bituminous solids/liquids, more attention should be paid to temperature effects in the assessment of shale permeability. Our experimental results document that thermal stimulation has negative effects on shale-transport properties and that measurements conducted at laboratory temperatures can lead to substantial overestimation of in-situ shale permeability.
The Impact of Kerogen Tortuosity on Shale Permeability
Authors: Aljaberi Jaber , Alafnan Saad , Glatz Guenther , Sultan Abdullah S. , Afagwu Clement 
Published: December 2020

SummaryShale-matrix-associated transport phenomena exhibit multiple mechanisms including advective-, diffusive-, and adsorptive-driven transport modes, depending on the pore type. Diffusive processes are governed by the shale organic constituents known as kerogens. Kerogens, composed of fine-scale organic microstructures, vary with respect to their petrophysical properties, depending on their origin and maturity level. The extent to which kerogens contribute to the overall transport is governed by their ability to diffuse hydrocarbons contained within. The diffusion coefficient is a crucial parameter used to quantify diffusivity based on the interactions between the host material and the diffusing molecules. Kerogen as a hosting medium allows for diffusion of natural gas at various rates based on several factors. One of these factors, kerogen porosity, is conjectured to significantly influence diffusive transport phenomena. In this paper, taking advantage of the predictive power of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we investigate the impact of kerogen porosity on the diffusivity coefficient of natural gas. Starting from a single type II kerogen macromolecule, several kerogen structures for a realistic range of porosity values were created and, subsequently, used for diffusivity calculations of methane molecules. Simulation results suggest a direct link between diffusion and kerogen porosity, allowing for delineation of the diffusion tortuosity factor. Furthermore, the microscale tortuosity–diffusivity relationship in kerogens was investigated at the reservoir scale by means of a shale permeability model. The results substantiate the critical impact of the diffusion process on the shale permeability.
Alternative Architecture of the E. Coli Chemosensory Array
Authors: Burt Alister , Cassidy C , Stansfeld Phillip , Gutsche Irina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Chemotactic responses in motile bacteria are the result of sophisticated signal transduction by large, highly organized arrays of sensory proteins. Despite tremendous progress in the understanding of chemosensory array structure and function, a structural basis for the heightened sensitivity of networked chemoreceptors is not yet complete. Here we present cryo-electron tomography visualisations of native-state chemosensory arrays in E. coli minicells. Strikingly, these arrays exhibit a p2-symmetric array architecture that differs markedly from the p6-symmetric architecture previously described in E. coli. Based on this data, we propose molecular models of this alternative architecture and the canonical p6-symmetric assembly. We evaluate our observations and each model in the context of previously published data, assessing the functional implications of an alternative architecture and effects for future studies.
Perineural dexmedetomidine added to ropivacaine for ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block prolongs analgesia duration and reduces postoperative opioid consumption after thoracotomy: a prospective, randomized study
Authors: Wang Qiang , Liu Ruoshan , Wei Shijing , Zhang Guohua , Ni Cheng , Sun Li , Zheng Hui 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Single-injection erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has been reported to be successfully used for analgesia after open thoracotomy. However, the duration of analgesia is not long enough. Adding dexmedetomidine to local anesthetics is frequently used to prolong the duration of single-injection regional nerve block. This randomized study was designed to assess whether adding dexmedetomidine to ropivacaine for ESPB could effectively prolong the duration of analgesia and reduce opioid consumption after open thoracotomy.Methods: Sixty patients with esophageal cancer were randomized to receive ESPB using 28 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine, with 2 mL of normal saline (group R) or 0.5 µg/kg dexmedetomidine in 2 mL (group RD) administered perineurally. ESPB was performed at the 5th thoracic level under ultrasound guidance. The primary outcome was the duration of analgesia. The secondary outcomes were total postoperative sufentanil consumption, numerical rating scale pain scores, Ramsay sedation scale scores and adverse effects.Results: The duration of analgesia in group RD (505.1±113.9) was longer than that in group R (323.2±75.4) (p<0.001). The total postoperative sufentanil consumption was lower in group RD (23.3±10.0) than in group R (33.8±13.8) (p=0.001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse effects between the two groups.Conclusion: Adding perineural dexmedetomidine to ropivacaine for ESPB seems to be an attractive method for prolonging analgesia with almost no adverse effects in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing curative-intent thoracotomy. Trial registration: ChiCTR1800016583. Registered 10 June 2018, http://www.chictr.org.cn.
Global hotspots of recent and ancestral turnover in birds
Authors: McFadden Ian R. , Coelho Marco Túlio P. , Wüest Rafael O. , Cassemiro Fernanda A. S. , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Pellissier Loïc , Rangel Thiago F. , Graham Catherine H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A primary goal of biodiversity research is to uncover the processes acting in space and time to create the global distribution of species richness. However, we currently lack an understanding of how recent versus ancient biodiversity dynamics shape patterns of diversity for most groups. Here, we introduce a method to partition lineage turnover into recent and ancestral components, and use it to identify hotspots of turnover at the global scale for 8,296 bird species. Counter to the tropical niche conservatism hypothesis, we find extra-tropical regions such as Greenland and the Sahara are hotspots of ancestral turnover, while areas with high climatic variation such as (sub)tropical mountains and biome transitions are recent turnover hotspots. We can now quantify the relative contribution of contemporary and ancient lineage dynamics to assemblage structure, which enables future research to explore the processes generating earth’s diversity in a more temporally-explicit framework.
Artificial Intelligence as a Business Partner in Cardiovascular Precision Medicine: An Emerging Approach for Disease Detection and Treatment Optimization
Authors: Visco Valeria , Ferruzzi Germano Junior , Nicastro Federico , Virtuoso Nicola , Carrizzo Albino , Galasso Gennaro , Vecchione Carmine , Ciccarelli Michele 
Published: December 2020

Background:
In the real world, medical practice is changing hand in hand
with the development of new Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems and problems from different
areas have been successfully solved using AI algorithms. Specifically, the use of
AI techniques in setting up or building precision medicine is significant in terms of the
accuracy of disease discovery and tailored treatment. Moreover, with the use of technology,
clinical personnel can deliver a very much efficient healthcare service.

Objective:
This article reviews AI state-of-the-art in cardiovascular disease management,
focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic improvements.

Methods:
To that end, we conducted a detailed PubMed search on AI application from
distinct areas of cardiology: heart failure, arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, syncope
and cardiovascular rehabilitation. Particularly, to assess the impact of these technologies
in clinical decision-making, this research considers technical and medical aspects.

Results:
: On one hand, some devices in heart failure, atrial fibrillation and cardiac rehabilitation
represent an inexpensive, not invasive or not very invasive approach to long-term
surveillance and management in these areas. On the other hand, the availability of large
datasets (big data) is a useful tool to predict the development and outcome of many cardiovascular
diseases. In summary, with this new guided therapy, the physician can supply
prompt, individualised, and tailored treatment and the patients feel safe as they are
continuously monitored, with a significant psychological effect.

Conclusion:
Soon, tailored patient care via telemonitoring can improve clinical practice
because AI-based systems support cardiologists in daily medical activities, improving disease
detection and treatment. However, the physician-patient relationship remains a pivotal
step.
Mucoadhesive Low Molecular Chitosan Complexes to Protect rHuKGF from Proteolysis: In-vitro Characterization and FHs 74 Int Cell Proliferation Studies
Authors: Tee Yi N. , Kumar Palanirajan V. , Maki Marwan A.A. , Elumalai Manogaran , Rahman Shiek A.K.M.E.H. , Cheah Shiau-Chuen 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Recombinant Keratinocyte Growth Factor (rHuKGF) is a therapeutic protein
used widely in oral mucositis after chemotherapy in various cancers, stimulating lung morphogenesis
and gastrointestinal tract cell proliferation. In this research study, chitosan-rHuKGF polymeric complex
was implemented to improve the stability of rHuKGF and used as rejuvenation therapy for the
treatment of oral mucositis in cancer patients.

Objective:
Complexation of rHuKGF with mucoadhesive low molecular weight chitosan to protect
rHuKGF from proteolysis and investigate the effect of chitosan-rHuKGF complex on the proliferation
rate of FHs 74 Int cells.

Methods:
The interaction between chitosan and rHuKGF was studied by molecular docking. Malvern
ZetaSizer Nano Zs and Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests were carried out to characterize
the chitosan-rHuKGF complex. In addition, SDS-PAGE was performed to investigate the interaction
between chitosan-rHuKGF complex and pepsin. The effect of chitosan-rHuKGF complex on
the proliferation rate of FHs 74 Int cells was studied by MTT assay.

Results:
Chitosan-rHuKGF complex was formed through the hydrogen bonding proven by the docking
studies. A stable chitosan-rHuKGF complex was formed at pH 4.5 and was protected from proteolysis
and assessed by SDS PAGE. According to the MTT assay results, chitosan-rHuKGF complex increased
the cell proliferation rate of FHs 74 Int cells.

Conclusion:
The developed complex improved the stability and the biological function of rHuKGF.
The Effect of Levosimendan on Two Distinct Rodent Models of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Abuirmeileh Amjad N. , Alzoubi Karem H. , Rababa’h Abeer M. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized
by motor symptoms related to the deficiency in dopamine levels, and cognitive symptoms that
are similar in nature to those manifested during Alzheimer’s disease. Levosimendan, on the other hand, is
a calcium sensitizer and phosphodiesterase inhibitor that was shown to possess neuroprotective, memoryenhancing,
and anti-apoptotic properties.

Objective:
In the current study, the possible protective effect of levosimendan was investigated in two
animal models of Parkinson’s disease.

Methods:
Both intracerebral injection 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the direct injection of
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the substantia nigra were used as models to induce Parkinson’s-like behavior.
Levosimendan (12 μg/kg intraperitoneally once weekly) was started 7 days before or 2 days after
lesioning of the animals. At day 14 post-lesioning, animals were subjected to apomorphine challenge,
which was correlated with dopamine levels in the striatum and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive nigral
cells.

Results:
Results showed that levosimendan restored the number of rotations in the apomorphine challenge
test, the levels of dopamine in the striatum, and the TH-positive nigral cells when administered
7 days before, but not two days after 6-OHDA lesioning. In the LPS model of PD, the number of rotations
in the apomorphine challenge test, the levels of dopamine in the striatum, and the TH-positive nigral
cells were restored when levosimendan was administered 7 days before as well as two days after lesioning.

Conclusion:
Levosimendan seems to provide a promising agent with potential clinical value for PD.
Molecular Insights into Resveratrol and Its Analogs as SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Patil Vaishali M. , Narkhede Rohan R. , Masand Neeraj , Cheke Rameshwar S. , Balasubramanian Krishnan 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is plaguing the
entire world. Amidst the pandemic, research and development efforts are focused on the challenges associated with SARSCoV-2 structure.

Material and Methods:
The efficient computational methodologies are applied to screen the available FDA-approved
drugs/datasets/libraries to identify potent molecule. In the present study, we have carried out ab initio quantum chemical
studies including relativistic effects followed by molecular docking with the SARS-CoV-2 protease target by employing a
tailor-made library consisting of molecular analogs of Resveratrol, a natural bioflavonoid.

Results:
The derived docking results were validated with ab initio quantum computations that included both density
functional level (DFT) and Moller-Plesset second order perturbation theories (MP2). We find that Resveratrol and its
analogs (R8 and R17) bind to the SARS-CoV-2 protease target. In addition to this the computed IR spectrum is found in
agreement with the reported experimental spectra for Resveratrol complexes and thus validates the modeling and reliability
of proposed geometries. The solvation energies in aqueous phase obtained using enhanced aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets confirm
enhancement of bioavailability for Resveratrol through piperine, a natural alkaloid.

Conclusion:
The potential of the natural bioflavonoid Resveratrol and its analogs to be investigated through in vivo and in
vitro SARS-CoV-2 protease models is concluded.

Other:
The study investigated potential of natural polyphenols as promising anti-viral therapeutics.