bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid solar dryer for sugar‐palm vermicelli drying
Authors: Suherman Suherman , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Susanto Evan Eduard , Utami Iftitania Ardita Putri , Ningrum Tri 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSugar palm is an abundant palm in Indonesia and widely used for various foods, one of which is vermicelli. During vermicelli production, local farmers still implement open‐sun drying, which reduces the quality of vermicelli, requires long periods of time, and cannot be performed during poor weather. Therefore, in this study, a new method of vermicelli drying is introduced using a hybrid solar dryer, which consists of a solar dryer and an additional heater powered by liquefied natural gas. Hybrid solar drying is conducted at 40, 60, 80, and 100°C. With 2 hr of drying time, the final moisture contents of vermicelli dried using hybrid solar dryer have satisfy the standard limit, while the open‐sun drying and natural solar drying do not, indicating that hybrid solar drying is faster and more effective. Vermicelli drying occurs at the falling‐rate period and increasing drying temperature from 40 to 100°C increases dryer efficiency, energy utilization ratio, and exergy efficiency, from 13.02 to 17.02%, from 0.18 to 0.32, and from 67.4 to 83.6%, respectively. Although the overall quality of dried vermicelli is acceptable, increasing drying temperature from 40 to 100°C result in the damaged vermicelli surface as evident from SEM analysis and degradation of vermicelli whiteness value from 87.2 to 82.5.Practical applicationsThe drying process is playing an important role in heat sensitive products dehydration. The present study provides an investigation of potential use of solar energy for drying of vermicelli which combine with the natural gas heating process. The results show that hybrid drying system could enhance the product quality of vermicelli and also reduce the drying process. During drying, proximate components of vermicelli essentially do not change but it alters the color of product.
Hygienic and cosmetic care habits in polish women during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Mościcka Patrycja , Chróst Natalia , Terlikowski Robert , Przylipiak Mateusz , Wołosik Katarzyna , Przylipiak Andrzej 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19 pandemic influences a lot of aspects of human life. Particularly, hygienic habits are affected.ObjectivesChanges in washing and cosmetic standards during the pandemic toward the past are in the focus of our interest.Material and MethodsThe questionnaire study was conducted anonymously in 140 women. The examination concerned pre‐ and during‐pandemic routine hygiene activities such as hands washing, hair washing, bathing, the use of disinfectants, and use of specific type of cosmetics.Results and DiscussionCompared were data before and during pandemic. Responders declared increased handwashing and taking shower after coming back home and after using local city transportation. We found also that increased use of disinfectants during COVID‐19 pandemic. In contrary to that, number of people washing their hair decreased slightly. Work documents that profile of used cosmetics was changed; increasing hand cream use and decreasing in makeup cosmetics. Nearly, half of the respondents declare that they will maintain new habits also after the pandemic has ended.
Smartphone‐assisted tele‐gynepathology: A pilot study
Authors: Kumar Harresh , Tanveer Nadeem , Dixit Sonali , Diwan Himanshi , Naz Farhat 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionTraditional telepathology techniques like whole slide imaging require expensive equipment and are currently out of reach of the developing countries. However, the improvements in smartphone camera resolution and availability of faster internet have made smartphone‐assisted telepathology possible.MethodsA total of 186 cases pertaining to gynecologic pathology reported by single consultant (NT) were retrieved from the records of the histopathology department. A trained histopathologist then photographed representative areas of each case by using the smartphone camera. After a wash off period of 6 months, the images along with the clinical details were sent by Whatsapp Messenger to the same reporting pathologist. The reporting pathologist replied with the diagnosis of each case by using Whatsapp.ResultsThe smartphone diagnosis was concordant in 179/186 (96.2%) cases. The intraobserver concordance rates varied with the organ involved – it was highest for endometrial and myometrial pathology (123/126, 97.6%) lowest for ovarian lesions (08/10, 80%). For cervical pathology, it was 97.2% (35/36) and for fallopian tube pathology it was 92.9% (13/14).ConclusionAlthough the initial results of this pilot study are encouraging, there is a long way to go before smartphone‐assisted telepathology can be put to routine use for the second opinion. More experience of the pathologists with this technique and faster internet and better smartphone cameras will further improve the concordance of smartphone‐assisted telepathology diagnosis with conventional microscopy diagnosis.
Shape variation and functional adaptation in a structure involved in the feeding system of gobiid fishes
Authors: Iranmanesh M. , Askari Hesni M. , Lashkari M. , Teimori A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFish are observed in different aquatic environments, including freshwater, marine and also intertidal zones. It is suggested that the urohyal bone is involved in the feeding function of fish. Information about the urohyal bone in different fish groups, including gobiids is rare. In the present study, changes in the shape of the urohyal bone were studied in seven gobiid fish from the intertidal environments of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman by applying shape analysis and geometric morphometric analyses. The results revealed that the shape of the urohyal bone in each species was distinct, which is almost consistent with their phylogenetic relationships. Periophthalmus waltoni inhabits often terrestrial habitats and requires a system to obtain food. The specific shape of the urohyal bone in this species probably results from a functional adaptation to obtain food from the terrestrial environment. Moreover, our results indicated that the shape variation in the urohyal bone of the studied species is linked to their feeding because the calculation of E index categorized those species with similar feeding regimes into one group. In conclusion, we assumed that the urohyal shape variation in the studied gobiid species is the result of compatibility to the various feeding regimes, and it is likely controlled by genetic factors. Furthermore, the results support the usefulness of the urohyal bone morphology in differentiating the studied gobiid species and highlighting the taxonomic value of the urohyal bone.
Women and the book in Britain's long eighteenth century
Authors: Levy Michelle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis survey synthesizes and examines existing scholarship on women's practices and positions within eighteenth‐century British book culture. Since feminist scholarship began in the 1980s, the recovery of women's literary history has been largely focused on recovering their written contributions in print. However, more recently, eighteenth centuryists have noticed the interconnections between oral, written and print cultures; engaged in bibliographical studies on the significance of the expansion of print and the book trades; and considered how rising literacy rates and diverse reading practices shaped culture. Women, as writers and readers, and as intermediaries in the production and circulation of culture, played a critical role in shaping these developments. This essay reviews the considerable scholarship that addresses women's various engagements with book culture, research that collectively has generated a more capacious understanding of the history of books in the long eighteenth century and the women who produced, shared and read them.
Stepping into the past to conserve the future: Archived skin swabs from extant and extirpated populations inform genetic management of an endangered amphibian
Authors: Rothstein Andrew P. , Knapp Roland A. , Bradburd Gideon S. , Boiano Daniel M. , Briggs Cheryl J. , Rosenblum Erica Bree 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMoving animals on a landscape through translocations and reintroductions is an important management tool used in the recovery of endangered species, particularly for the maintenance of population genetic diversity and structure. Management of imperiled amphibian species rely heavily on translocations and reintroductions, especially for species that have been brought to the brink of extinction by habitat loss, introduced species, and disease. One striking example of amphibian declines and associated management efforts is in California's Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks with the mountain yellow‐legged frog species complex (Rana sierrae/muscosa). Mountain yellow‐legged frogs have been extirpated from more than 93% of their historic range, and limited knowledge of their population genetics has made long‐term conservation planning difficult. To address this, we used 598 archived skin swabs from both extant and extirpated populations across 48 lake basins to generate a robust Illumina‐based nuclear amplicon data set. We found that samples grouped into three main genetic clusters, concordant with watershed boundaries. We also found evidence for historical gene flow across watershed boundaries with a north‐to‐south axis of migration. Finally, our results indicate that genetic diversity is not significantly different between populations with different disease histories. Our study offers specific management recommendations for imperiled mountain yellow‐legged frogs and, more broadly, provides a population genetic framework for leveraging minimally invasive samples for the conservation of threatened species.
Homozygous mutation in murine retrovirus integration site 1 gene associated with a non‐syndromic form of isolated familial achalasia
Authors: Koehler Katrin , Hmida Dorra , Schlossmann Jens , Landgraf Dana , Reisch Nicole , Schuelke Markus , Huebner Angela 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAchalasia is a condition characterized by impaired function of esophageal motility and incomplete relaxation of the lower esophagus sphincter, causing dysphagia and regurgitation. Rare cases of early‐onset achalasia appear often in combination with further symptoms in a syndromic form as an inherited disease.MethodsWhole genome sequencing was used to investigate the genetic basis of isolated achalasia in a family of Tunisian origin. We analyzed the function of the affected protein with immunofluorescence and affinity chromatography study.Key ResultsA homozygous nonsense mutation was detected in murine retrovirus integration site 1 (MRVI1) gene (Human Genome Organisation Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) approved gene symbol: IRAG1) encoding the inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1)‐associated cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) kinase substrate (IRAG). Sanger sequencing confirmed co‐segregation of the mutation with the disease. Sequencing of the entire MRVI1 gene in 35 additional patients with a syndromic form of achalasia did not uncover further cases with MRVI1 mutations. Immunofluorescence analysis of transfected COS7 cells revealed GFP‐IRAG with the truncating mutation p.Arg112* (transcript variant 1) or p.Arg121* (transcript variant 2) to be mislocalized in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Co‐transfection with cGMP‐dependent protein kinase 1 isoform β (cGK1β) depicted a partial mislocalization of cGK1β due to mislocalized truncated IRAG. Isolation of protein complexes revealed that the truncation of this protein causes the loss of the interaction domain of IRAG with cGK1β.Conclusions & InferencesIn individuals with an early onset of achalasia without further accompanying symptoms, MRVI1 mutations should be considered as the disease‐causing defect.
The EU’s 2030 Climate and Energy Policy Framework: How net metering slips through its net
Authors: Iliopoulos Theodoros G. , Fermeglia Matteo , Vanheusden Bernard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNet metering is a support scheme for the promotion of renewable energy sources (RES) that is linked with state‐of‐the‐art trends, especially in the field of electricity, such as distributed generation, self‐consumption and energy communities. Whilst the European Union (EU) Clean Energy Package has established a more coherent and comprehensive regime for RES support schemes in general, it makes no explicit reference to net metering schemes. This raises questions as to how and under which terms net metering schemes are compatible with EU law. Against this background, this article aims to analyse the relevant EU law provisions and conduct a comparative analysis of net metering regimes in four Member States to demonstrate that the national schemes enacted and applied have significantly different design features. The article argues that a more coordinated and specific approach on net metering at the EU level should emerge.
Value of GPSkin for the measurement of skin barrier impairment and for monitoring of rosacea treatment in daily practice
Authors: Logger Jade G. M. , Driessen Rieke J. B. , de Jong Elke M. G. J. , van Erp Piet E. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundStratum corneum hydration (SCH) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) provide useful information about skin barrier function. This study aimed to determine the value of GPSkin Pro, a new handheld device determining both SCH and TEWL, to measure skin barrier impairment and to monitor barrier function in rosacea in daily practice.Materials and MethodsTwo pilots were performed.Pilot 1: in 27 healthy participants, GPSkin SCH and TEWL were compared to Aquaflux®and Epsilon®values at the forearm before and after skin barrier perturbation via tapestripping. Moreover, GPSkin values were measured at both cheeks without intervention.Pilot 2: in 16 rosacea patients, GPSkin measurements were performed at the forearm, and at both cheeks before and during anti‐inflammatory treatment. They were compared to clinical symptoms and to GPSkin values from pilot 1.ResultsPilot 1:after merging data from before and after tapestripping, a strong correlation was observed between GPSkin TEWL and Aquaflux®(Rs = 0.9256), and GPSkin SCH and Epsilon®(Rs = 0.8798).Pilot 2:SCH was significantly lower at the cheeks of rosacea patients compared to controls, with a normalizing trend during successful treatment. TEWL was comparable among patients and controls and did not change during treatment at all locations.ConclusionThe GPSkin determines TEWL and SCH accurately in healthy and impaired skin barrier state and can monitor skin barrier function in rosacea during treatment. The GPSkin device is much more practical compared to previous skin barrier tools when used in clinical practice. Its further validation in other inflammatory skin diseases is recommended.
Unpacking Gender, Age, and Education Knowledge Inequalities: A Systematic Comparison
Authors: Fraile Marta , Fortin‐Rittberger Jessica 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveScrutinize how the three main sources of knowledge inequalities, namely, gender, age, and education, relate to the content, format, and object of the survey items used to measure knowledgeMethodsUsing a pooled data set encompassing 106 postelection surveys in 47 countries from the CSES, we perform analyses by stacking the data at the question level.ResultsQuestions probing familiarity with electoral and partisan politics provide knowledge gaps of a higher magnitude. However, our balanced comparison of the three gaps also confirms the peculiarities of the gender gap in knowledge previously portrayed by the bulk of the literature.ConclusionSurveys aspiring to measure citizens’ knowledge about the political world in a valid manner should include items inquiring about different substantive contents, and not only elections or partisan politics as the available postelectoral surveys around the world currently do. They also should use closed‐ended format with at least four possible options, and should maximize the object of inquiry, so that the cognitive abilities required to correctly answer the questions are diverse and the measurement does not favor one over the others.
COVID‐19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients: Focus on immunosuppression management
Authors: Chen Tracy Yixin , Farghaly Sara , Cham Samantha , Tatem Luis Lantigua , Sin Jonathan H. , Rauda Roberto , Ribisi Maria , Sumrani Nabil 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease of 2019, also known as COVID‐19, has been declared a global pandemic. Significant controversies exist regarding treatment modalities for this novel disease, especially in immunocompromised patients. Experience with management of COVID‐19 in kidney transplant recipients is scarce; effects of this virus on immunosuppressed individuals are not well understood.MethodsWe identified 30 renal transplant recipients with confirmed COVID‐19 pneumonia who were admitted to inpatient between March 2020 and April 2020. All patients received a 5‐day course of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin; half of the patients received methylprednisolone. During hospitalization, calcineurin inhibitors and antimetabolites were held; prednisone was continued.ResultsClinical presentation of flu‐like symptoms was similar to those in the general population. Hyponatremia, lymphopenia, acute kidney injury, and elevated inflammatory markers were common. Over the course of follow‐up, 23 have been discharged home with a functioning allograft and in stable condition; 4 experienced acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy; 7 patients were intubated, and 6 expired. The mortality rate in our cohort was 20%.ConclusionOur findings described the characteristics and outcomes of this highly fatal illness in a multi‐ethnic kidney transplant cohort, with insights on immunosuppression management that could further our understanding of this unique disease in immunocompromised populations.
Effect of COVID‐19 on liver transplantation in Korea
Authors: Lee Jeong‐Moo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCOVID‐19 is now a pandemic with increasing numbers of cases and deaths. In addition to the economic and social damage caused by COVID‐19 outbreak prolongation, damage caused by delayed treatment of other diseases such as severe cirrhosis is also serious. We aimed to describe the effect of COVID‐19 on the number of liver transplants (LT) in South Korea. The number of LT performed in Korea during the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak, and the COVID‐19 pandemic was compared with the average number of LT performed in the past 5 years. There were 108.5 cases of LT performed per month during the MERS outbreak. It was 11% lower than the average of 122.8 cases per month for the last 5 years. LDLT and DDLT decreased by 13% to 75.3 cases and by 7.5% to 33.2 cases per month during the MERS epidemic, respectively. From January to March 2020 (COVID‐19 outbreak), the number of LT did not decrease significantly. The lockdown caused by COVID‐19 did not affect the number of liver transplants in Korea. Establishing a safe process and procedure of liver transplantation within safe boundaries can be beneficial in reducing the side effects of lockdown and saving patients' lives.
Estimating exporter's quality: Do importers agree on rankings?
Authors: Yue Kan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA large and growing literature focuses on product quality differentiation and its positive and normative importance for international trade. In this literature, there are a number of approaches that attempt to extract a quality ‘signal’ from noisy price or price–quantity data (i.e., unit value and demand residual approach). I propose a simple test for the robustness of these approaches to quality inference: when purchasing goods from a common set of exporters, do two importers agree on which goods are high quality? Results from Spearman's rank correlation tests show that as we use import demand residuals to measure quality, quality estimates become progressively less consistent and worsen the agreement among importers. Such inconsistency cannot be explained by trade cost effects on exporters' quality suggested by Melitz (2003) and Alchian–Allen hypothesis (Hummels and Skiba, 2004). It is also uncorrelated to differences in the compositions of imports. However, demand residual approach produces strong quality ‘signal’ relative to the noise only in highly differentiated products. Further analyses confirm the role of the differences in consumers' preferences and tastes across importers in the distortion of quality signals.
Dynamic MRI is reliable for evaluation of the lumbosacral spine in healthy dogs
Authors: Lampe Rachel , Foss Kari D. , Hague Devon W. , Oliveira Cintia R. , Smith Rebecca 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used to diagnose degenerative lumbosacral stenosis; however, studies show limited correlation between imaging and clinical signs. The purpose of this prospective observer agreement study was to use dynamic MRI of the lumbosacral (LS) spine of healthy dogs to determine reliable reference ranges. Twenty‐two healthy large breed dogs were prospectively enrolled. MRI of the LS spine was performed in T2‐weighted, T1‐weighted, and T2‐weighted SPACE sequences in neutral, flexed, and extended positions. Four observers performed image analyses. Measurements included LS angle, vertebral canal height and area, and LS foraminal areas. Ordinal categorical assessment of loss of fat signal in the foramina, LS compression, intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, spondylosis, and IVD protrusion was also performed. The majority of values were significantly larger in flexion versus neutral position, and significantly smaller in extension versus neutral position (P < .05). Subclinical compression and IVD protrusion was noted in a neutral position in 45% and 55% of dogs and in an extended position in 85% and 73% of dogs, respectively. Interobserver agreement was strong (intracluster correlation coefficient [ICC] > .5) except for the L7:LS vertebral canal area ratio (ICC ≤ .03). Intraobserver agreement was high (rho > .5) for all measurements except for the mid‐L6:LS vertebral canal height ratio (rho = .38). There was poor interobserver agreement for loss of fat signal in the foramina and evidence of compression. This study provides the groundwork for future studies using dynamic MRI to evaluate dogs with signs of clinical LS disease.