bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vergleich der sterilen Spendertomographie in der Hornhautbank mit der Tomographie des Transplantates nach perforierender Keratoplastik
Authors: Quintin A. , Hamon L. , Mäurer S. , Langenbucher A. , Seitz B. 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Seit 2018 verwenden wir die sterile Spendertomographie in der Hornhautbank routinemäßig, um refraktive Überraschungen nach Keratoplastik zu vermeiden. Ziel dieser Studie war es, Spendertomographieparameter mit Tomographieparametern des Transplantates nach perforierender Keratoplastik (PKP) zu vergleichen.

Methoden
Diese Studie umfasste 193 Spendergewebe der Hornhautbank, die für eine PKP verwendet wurden (Transplantatdurchmesser 8,2 ± 0,7 mm). Messungen wurden mit dem optischen Kohärenztomographen des vorderen Augenabschnittes (VAA-OCT) Casia 2 (Tomey Corp., Nagoya, Japan) präoperativ sowie postoperativ nach 5 ± 4 Monaten bei liegenden Fäden und nach 22 ± 4 Monaten ohne Fäden durchgeführt. Post- und präoperative Werte wurden mithilfe des Wilcoxon-Rangsummentests verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Postoperativ, bei liegenden (bzw. ohne) Fäden, war die Brechkraft (P) der Hornhautvorderfläche (v) im steilen Meridian (S) (PvS) unverändert (−0,2 dpt; p = 0,78) (um 2,7 dpt größer [p < 0,01]) und im flachen Meridian (F) (PvF) um 4,5 dpt (2,8 dpt) niedriger (p < 0,01) im Vergleich zu den Spendertomographiewerten. Der Astigmatismus (v) war um 4,3 dpt (5,4 dpt) größer (p < 0,01). An der Rückfläche (r) war PrS um 0,9 dpt (0,9 dpt) und PrF um 0,3 dpt (p < 0,01) (0,1 dpt [p = 0,42]) kleiner, während der Astigmatismus (r) um 0,7 dpt (0,9 dpt) größer war (p < 0,01). Die zentrale Hornhautdicke war um 55,7 μm (p < 0,01) (27,5 µm [p = 0,01]) kleiner. Die Gesamtbrechkraft ohne Fäden änderte sich nicht signifikant im Vergleich zur Hornhautbankmessung.

Schlussfolgerung
Zentrale Hornhautdicke, Brechkraft (P) und Astigmatismus veränderten sich postoperativ im Vergleich zu den Spendertomographiewerten, mit Ausnahme von P im steilen Meridian der Vorderfläche bei liegenden Fäden sowie von P im flachen Meridian der Rückfläche nach Entfernung aller Fäden. Die Gesamtbrechkraft ohne Fäden ändert sich allerdings nicht signifikant. Diese Informationen könnten für eine Verbesserung der Kunstlinsenberechnung bei klassischer „Triple-Procedure“ von Bedeutung sein.
Cellular and mitochondrial mechanisms of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Mason Fleur E. , Pronto Julius Ryan D. , Alhussini Khaled , Maack Christoph , Voigt Niels 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common form of arrhythmia, are poorly understood and therefore target-specific treatment options remain an unmet clinical need. Excitation–contraction coupling in cardiac myocytes requires high amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is replenished by oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Calcium (Ca2+) is a key regulator of mitochondrial function by stimulating the Krebs cycle, which produces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide for ATP production at the electron transport chain and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate for the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While it is now well established that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathophysiology of heart failure, this has been less investigated in atrial myocytes in AF. Considering the high prevalence of AF, investigating the role of mitochondria in this disease may guide the path towards new therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss the importance of mitochondrial Ca2+ handling in regulating ATP production and mitochondrial ROS emission and how alterations, particularly in these aspects of mitochondrial activity, may play a role in AF. In addition to describing research advances, we highlight areas in which further studies are required to elucidate the role of mitochondria in AF.
Reduced reticulum–mitochondria Ca2+ transfer is an early and reversible trigger of mitochondrial dysfunctions in diabetic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Dia Maya , Gomez Ludovic , Thibault Helene , Tessier Nolwenn , Leon Christelle , Chouabe Christophe , Ducreux Sylvie , Gallo-Bona Noelle , Tubbs Emily , Bendridi Nadia , Chanon Stephanie , Leray Aymeric , Belmudes Lucid , Couté Yohann , Kurdi Mazen , Ovize Michel , Rieusset Jennifer , Paillard Melanie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractType 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy features Ca2+ signaling abnormalities, notably an altered mitochondrial Ca2+ handling. We here aimed to study if it might be due to a dysregulation of either the whole Ca2+ homeostasis, the reticulum–mitochondrial Ca2+ coupling, and/or the mitochondrial Ca2+ entry through the uniporter. Following a 16-week high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHSD), mice developed cardiac insulin resistance, fibrosis, hypertrophy, lipid accumulation, and diastolic dysfunction when compared to standard diet. Ultrastructural and proteomic analyses of cardiac reticulum–mitochondria interface revealed tighter interactions not compatible with Ca2+ transport in HFHSD cardiomyocytes. Intramyocardial adenoviral injections of Ca2+ sensors were performed to measure Ca2+ fluxes in freshly isolated adult cardiomyocytes and to analyze the direct effects of in vivo type 2 diabetes on cardiomyocyte function. HFHSD resulted in a decreased IP3R–VDAC interaction and a reduced IP3-stimulated Ca2+ transfer to mitochondria, with no changes in reticular Ca2+ level, cytosolic Ca2+ transients, and mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter function. Disruption of organelle Ca2+ exchange was associated with decreased mitochondrial bioenergetics and reduced cell contraction, which was rescued by an adenovirus-mediated expression of a reticulum-mitochondria linker. An 8-week diet reversal was able to restore cardiac insulin signaling, Ca2+ transfer, and cardiac function in HFHSD mice. Therefore, our study demonstrates that the reticulum–mitochondria Ca2+ miscoupling may play an early and reversible role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy by disrupting primarily the mitochondrial bioenergetics. A diet reversal, by counteracting the MAM-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ dysfunction, might contribute to restore normal cardiac function and prevent the exacerbation of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
A Bayesian stochastic generator to complement existing climate change scenarios: supporting uncertainty quantification in marine and coastal ecosystems
Authors: Mészáros Lőrinc , van der Meulen Frank , Jongbloed Geurt , El Serafy Ghada 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAvailable climate change projections, which can be used for quantifying future changes in marine and coastal ecosystems, usually consist of a few scenarios. Studies addressing ecological impacts of climate change often make use of a low- (RCP2.6), moderate- (RCP4.5) or high climate scenario (RCP8.5), without taking into account further uncertainties in these scenarios. In this research a methodology is proposed to generate further synthetic scenarios, based on existing datasets, for a better representation of climate change induced uncertainties. The methodology builds on Regional Climate Model scenarios provided by the EURO-CORDEX experiment. In order to generate new realizations of climate variables, such as radiation or temperature, a hierarchical Bayesian model is developed. In addition, a parameterized time series model is introduced, which includes a linear trend component, a seasonal shape with varying amplitude and time shift, and an additive residual term. The seasonal shape is derived with the non-parametric locally weighted scatterplot smoothing, and the residual term includes the smoothed variance of residuals and independent and identically distributed noise. The distributions of the time series model parameters are estimated through Bayesian parameter inference with Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling (Gibbs sampler). By sampling from the predictive distribution numerous new statistically representative synthetic scenarios can be generated including uncertainty estimates. As a demonstration case, utilizing these generated synthetic scenarios and a physically based ecological model (Delft3D-WAQ) that relates climate variables to ecosystem variables, a probabilistic simulation is conducted to further propagate the climate change induced uncertainties to marine and coastal ecosystem indicators.
The use of remote sensing to derive maize sowing dates for large-scale crop yield simulations
Authors: Rezaei Ehsan Eyshi , Ghazaryan Gohar , González Javier , Cornish Natalie , Dubovyk Olena , Siebert Stefan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOne of the major sources of uncertainty in large-scale crop modeling is the lack of information capturing the spatiotemporal variability of crop sowing dates. Remote sensing can contribute to reducing such uncertainties by providing essential spatial and temporal information to crop models and improving the accuracy of yield predictions. However, little is known about the impacts of the differences in crop sowing dates estimated by using remote sensing (RS) and other established methods, the uncertainties introduced by the thresholds used in these methods, and the sensitivity of simulated crop yields to these uncertainties in crop sowing dates. In the present study, we performed a systematic sensitivity analysis using various scenarios. The LINTUL-5 crop model implemented in the SIMPLACE modeling platform was applied during the period 2001–2016 to simulate maize yields across four provinces in South Africa using previously defined scenarios of sowing dates. As expected, the selected methodology and the selected threshold considerably influenced the estimated sowing dates (up to 51 days) and resulted in differences in the long-term mean maize yield reaching up to 1.7 t ha−1 (48% of the mean yield) at the province level. Using RS-derived sowing date estimations resulted in a better representation of the yield variability in space and time since the use of RS information not only relies on precipitation but also captures the impacts of socioeconomic factors on the sowing decision, particularly for smallholder farmers. The model was not able to reproduce the observed yield anomalies in Free State (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.16 to 0.23) and Mpumalanga (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.11 to 0.18) in South Africa when using fixed and precipitation rule-based sowing date estimations. Further research with high-resolution climate and soil data and ground-based observations is required to better understand the sources of the uncertainties in RS information and to test whether the results presented herein can be generalized among crop models with different levels of complexity and across distinct field crops.
Mandrills learn two-day time intervals in a naturalistic foraging situation
Authors: Ozturk Kavel C. D. , Egas Martijn , Janmaat Karline R. L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrimates display high efficiency in finding food in complex environments. Knowledge that many plant species produce fruit simultaneously, can help primates to anticipate fruit finding at the start of fruiting seasons. Knowledge of elapsed time can help primates decide when to revisit food trees to find ripened fruit and to return before competitors find these fruits. To investigate whether mandrills are able to learn time intervals of recurring food, we recorded the foraging choices of captive mandrills in a group setting. We used a procedure with renewable food rewards that could be searched for: carrots and grapes, hidden underground in specific places with different renewal intervals (2 and 5 days, respectively). We monitored the first choice of location for individuals, if other individuals had not already searched at the same location, to exclude possible effects of individuals following others rather than relying on memory. Throughout the study, the mandrills became increasingly likely to first search at carrot locations on carrot days, while the probability of them searching at carrot locations decreased on days without carrot. Due to model instability, our results were inconclusive about an effect of grape days on the choice of the mandrills. Cues provided by conspecifics indicating the availability of simultaneously emerging food rewards did not affect the choice of the mandrills. We conclude that mandrills can take into account elapsed time in a foraging context. Thereby, this study indicates how mandrills can use temporal cognitive abilities to overcome temporal challenges of food-finding in a group setting.
leafkin—An R package for automated kinematic data analysis of monocot leaves
Authors: Bertels Jonas , Beemster Gerrit T.S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGrowth is one of the most studied plant responses. At the cellular level, plant growth is driven by cell division and cell expansion. A means to quantify these two cellular processes is through kinematic analysis, a methodology that has been developed and perfected over the past decades, with in-depth descriptions of the methodology available. Unfortunately, after performing the lab work, researchers are required to perform time-consuming, repetitive and error-prone calculations. To lower the barrier towards this final step in the analysis and to aid researchers currently applying this technique, we have created leafkin, an R-package to perform all the calculations involved in the kinematic analysis of monocot leaves using only four functions. These functions support leaf elongation rate calculations, fitting of cell length profiles, extraction of fitted cell lengths and execution of kinematic equations. With the leafkin package, kinematic analysis of monocot leaves becomes more accessible than before.
Automatic dementia screening and scoring by applying deep learning on clock-drawing tests
Authors: Chen Shuqing , Stromer Daniel , Alabdalrahim Harb Alnasser , Schwab Stefan , Weih Markus , Maier Andreas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDementia is one of the most common neurological syndromes in the world. Usually, diagnoses are made based on paper-and-pencil tests and scored depending on personal judgments of experts. This technique can introduce errors and has high inter-rater variability. To overcome these issues, we present an automatic assessment of the widely used paper-based clock-drawing test by means of deep neural networks. Our study includes a comparison of three modern architectures: VGG16, ResNet-152, and DenseNet-121. The dataset consisted of 1315 individuals. To deal with the limited amount of data, which also included several dementia types, we used optimization strategies for training the neural network. The outcome of our work is a standardized and digital estimation of the dementia screening result and severity level for an individual. We achieved accuracies of 96.65% for screening and up to 98.54% for scoring, overcoming the reported state-of-the-art as well as human accuracies. Due to the digital format, the paper-based test can be simply scanned by using a mobile device and then be evaluated also in areas where there is a staff shortage or where no clinical experts are available.
An unusual microbiome characterises a spatially-aggressive crustose alga rapidly overgrowing shallow Caribbean reefs
Authors: Wilson Bryan , Fan Chen-Ming , Edmunds Peter J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSeveral species of crustose coralline algae (CCA) and their associated microbial biofilms play important roles in determining the settlement location of scleractinian corals on tropical reefs. In recent decades, peyssonnelid algal crusts (PAC) have become spatial dominants across large areas of shallow Caribbean reefs, where they appear to deter the recruitment of scleractinians. Our genetic investigations of PAC in St. John, US Virgin Islands, amplifying the large-subunit ribosomal RNA and psbA protein D1 marker genes, revealed them to be identical to Ramicrusta textilis previously reported overgrowing corals in Jamaica. Specimens of PAC sampled from the Honduras were likewise identical, confirming that this crustose alga inhabits the easternmost and westernmost regions of the Caribbean. We also analysed 16S rDNA tag amplicon libraries of the biofilms associated with PAC and sympatric CCA, which is favoured for coral settlement. Our results show that the microbial communities on PAC (vs. CCA) are characterized by significantly lower numbers of the epibiotic bacterial genus Pseudoalteromonas, which facilitates the recruitment and settlement of marine invertebrates. From these data, we infer that PAC are therefore unlikely to be attractive as settlement sites for coral larvae. Given the significant ecological change anticipated on these reefs due to increasing cover of PAC, there is an urgent need to further investigate competitive interactions between PAC and scleractinian corals, and elucidate the role of PAC and their associated microbiomes in accentuating phase shifts from coral to algae on tropical reefs.
Effectiveness of Speech Intervention in Patients With a Cleft Palate: Comparison of Motor-Phonetic Versus Linguistic-Phonological Speech Approaches
Authors: Alighieri Cassandra , Bettens Kim , Bruneel Laura , D'haeseleer Evelien , Van Gaever Ellen , Van Lierde Kristiane 
Published: November 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two different speech therapy approaches, a traditional motor-phonetic approach and a linguistic-phonological approach, on the speech and health-related quality of life in Dutch-speaking children with a cleft palate with or without a cleft lip (CP ± L) between 4 and 12 years old.MethodA block-randomized, sham-controlled design was used. Fourteen children with a CP ± L (Mage= 7.71 years) were divided into two groups using block randomization stratified by age and gender: one receiving motor-phonetic intervention (n= 7) and one receiving linguistic-phonological intervention (n= 7). Each group received 10 hr of speech therapy divided over 2 weeks. Perceptual speech assessments were performed on several baseline and posttreatment data points. The psychosocial effects of the intervention were assessed using the patient-reported Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Effects on Life Outcomes questionnaire. Both groups were compared over time using (generalized) linear mixed models. Within-group effects of time were determined using pairwise comparisons with post hoc Bonferroni correction.ResultsSignificant Time × Group interactions with large effect sizes were revealed in terms of consonant proficiency, indicating significant differences in evolution over time among the two groups. Only in the group receiving linguistic-phonological intervention, percentage of correctly produced consonants and places significantly improved after the treatment. Total Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Effects on Life Outcomes scores of the parents significantly improved in both groups after the intervention.ConclusionsBoth motor-phonetic and linguistic-phonological speech interventions can have a positive impact on the occurrence of cleft speech characteristics and consonant proficiency in children with a CP ± L. A linguistic-phonological approach, however, was observed to be more effective in terms of improving these speech outcomes compared with a motor-phonetic approach. Speech intervention, irrespective of the used approach, significantly improved the participant's health-related quality of life.
Radiotracer zur Diagnose des Prostatakarzinoms: Etablierte und neue Verfahren
Authors: Bakos Gábor , Roscher Mareike , Granados Susana M. , Benešová Martina 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie nuklearmedizinische Diagnose von Tumoren basierend auf der Radiotracer-vermittelten Bildgebung hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten als zentrale Schlüsseltechnologie in der modernen Onkologie etabliert. Die bildgestützte Diagnostik ermöglicht nicht nur die frühe Identifikation und Klassifikation von Tumoren, sondern auch die therapiebegleitende, nicht-invasive Evaluierung des Therapieansprechens sowie der Detektion von Rezidiven, Remissionen und progressiven Erkrankungen nach Abschluss der Therapie. Dies macht die nuklearmedizinische Bildgebung einzigartig im Bereich der personalisierten und Präzisions-Medizin. Daher ist es nur einleuchtend, dass das Feld dynamisch wächst und eine Vielzahl neuer Radiotracer entwickelt werden, die in präklinischen und klinischen Studien validiert werden. In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden die verfügbaren Daten zu den bereits klinisch etablierten metabolischen und zielgerichteten, spezifischen Radiotracern zusammengefasst. Zusätzlich wird ein Ausblick auf neue Entwicklungen gegeben, in dem neue, vielversprechende Radiotracer für die Diagnostik eines Prostatakarzinoms diskutiert werden.
Therapie des metastasierten kastrationsresistenten Prostatakarzinoms – aktuelle onkologische Konzepte
Authors: Hinz Stefan , Schostak Martin , Magheli Ahmed 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Einführung zahlreicher neuer Substanzen für die Behandlung des kastrationsresistenten metastasierten Prostatakarzinoms (mCRPC) hat zur einer Vielzahl von möglichen Therapieoptionen geführt. Gleichzeitig ist das Wissen um die ideale Patientenauswahl, die Therapiesequenz und die Entwicklung von Resistenzmechanismen begrenzt.Neben Docetaxel sind in den letzten Jahren Abirateron, Enzalutamid, Cabazitaxel und 223Ra in randomisierten Phase III-Studien als fester Bestandteil der Behandlung des mCRPC hinzugekommen. Aktuell werden Immunonkologika (IO)und PARP (Polyadenosindiphosphatribose)-Inhibitoren intensiv untersucht. Ferner zeigen aktuelle nuklearmedizinische Untersuchungen zur PSMA-Lutetium-Therapie sehr vielversprechende Ergebnisse.Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, anhand der aktuellen Literatur eine Übersicht über die Therapieoptionen zu geben und gleichzeitig praktische Aspekte bei der Auswahl der optimalen Sequenz für den jeweiligen Patienten zu diskutieren.
Was leistet die pneumologische Rehabilitation?
Authors: Schneeberger Tessa , Jarosch Inga , Koczulla Andreas Rembert 
Published: November 2020

Was ist neu?
Lungenfibrose Es zeigt sich eine zunehmende Evidenz bezüglich der Wirksamkeit eines pneumologischen Rehabilitationsprogramms (PR) bei anderen pneumologischen Erkrankungen als der COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Aktuelle Studien berichten über positive Effekte von strukturierten PR-Programmen bei Lungenfibrose- und Asthmapatienten.
Asthma bronchiale Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass auch Patienten mit moderatem bis schwerem Asthma signifikant im Hinblick auf die Asthmakontrolle von einem PR-Programm profitieren.
Telemedizin meets pneumologische Rehabilitation Bei COPD-Patienten kann ein ergänzendes „digitales Übungsprogramm“ im Vergleich zu einer alleinigen PR-Maßnahme zu größeren Benefits beitragen.
COVID-19 Es gibt erste Hinweise darauf, dass an COVID-19 Erkrankte von einer PR profitieren können. Das aktuelle Positionspapier der deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin zum Thema Empfehlungen zur PR bei COVID-19 beschreibt, dass rehabilitative Therapien bereits auf der Normalstation bzw. Intensivstation indiziert sind und sich als pneumologische Frührehabilitation im Akutkrankenhaus und als Anschlussheilbehandlung oder Reha-Heilverfahren in PR-Kliniken fortsetzen sollten.