bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of chemotherapy for lymph node-positive luminal A subtype breast cancer patients: an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Li Yilun , Ma Li 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective
To assess the association between chemotherapy and prognosis of patients with breast cancer of luminal A subtype and lymph node-positive, luminal A subtype breast cancer

Methods
Articles published between January 1, 2010, and May 1, 2020, were collected from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. On the basis of a test for heterogeneity, we selected the random effects model or fixed effects model for meta-analysis. Article quality was evaluated by sensitivity analysis, and Begg’s and Egger’s tests were used to measure publication bias.

Results
Six eligible articles were identified. The hazard ratio of overall survival of luminal A breast cancer patients who received both chemotherapy and endocrine therapy was 1.73 (95% CI 1.23, 2.43). The hazard ratio of overall survival for lymph node-positive, luminal A breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy and endocrine therapy was 1.86 and 95% CI 1.26, 2.81. The hazard ratio of relapse-free survival to disease-free survival was 1.30 (95% CI 0.85, 1.77). Tumor size, vascular invasion, and age did not show significant correlations with breast cancer prognosis.

Conclusion
Compared with endocrine therapy alone, the addition of chemotherapy did not improve the prognosis of patients with luminal type A and lymph node positive cancer; instead, side effects of the additional chemotherapy may have negatively affected prognosis. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether the number of positive lymph nodes also correlates with efficacy of chemotherapy of luminal type A breast cancer.
Manganese-enhanced MRI depicts a reduction in brain responses to nociception upon mTOR inhibition in chronic pain rats
Authors: Cha Myeounghoon , Choi Songyeon , Kim Kyeongmin , Lee Bae Hwan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNeuropathic pain induced by a nerve injury can lead to chronic pain. Recent studies have reported hyperactive neural activities in the nociceptive-related area of the brain as a result of chronic pain. Although cerebral activities associated with hyperalgesia and allodynia in chronic pain models are difficult to represent with functional imaging techniques, advances in manganese (Mn)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) could facilitate the visualization of the activation of pain-specific neural responses in the cerebral cortex. In order to investigate the alleviation of pain nociception by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) modulation, we observed cerebrocortical excitability changes and compared regional Mn2+ enhancement after mTOR inhibition. At day 7 after nerve injury, drugs were applied into the intracortical area, and drug (Vehicle, Torin1, and XL388) effects were compared within groups using MEMRI. Therein, signal intensities of the insular cortex (IC), primary somatosensory cortex of the hind limb region, motor cortex 1/2, and anterior cingulate cortex regions were significantly reduced after application of mTOR inhibitors (Torin1 and XL388). Furthermore, rostral-caudal analysis of the IC indicated that the rostral region of the IC was more strongly associated with pain perception than the caudal region. Our data suggest that MEMRI can depict pain-related signal changes in the brain and that mTOR inhibition is closely correlated with pain modulation in chronic pain rats.
Gestational arsenic exposure induces site-specific DNA hypomethylation in active retrotransposon subfamilies in offspring sperm in mice
Authors: Nohara Keiko , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Okamura Kazuyuki , Suzuki Takehiro , Suzuki Shigekatsu , Hata Kenichiro 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundEnvironmental impacts on a fetus can disrupt germ cell development leading to epimutations in mature germ cells. Paternal inheritance of adverse health effects through sperm epigenomes, including DNA methylomes, has been recognized in human and animal studies. However, the impacts of gestational exposure to a variety of environmental factors on the germ cell epigenomes are not fully investigated. Arsenic, a naturally occurring contaminant, is one of the most concerning environmental chemicals, that is causing serious health problems, including an increase in cancer, in highly contaminated areas worldwide. We previously showed that gestational arsenic exposure of pregnant C3H mice paternally induces hepatic tumor increase in the second generation (F2). In the present study, we have investigated the F1 sperm DNA methylomes genome-widely by one-base resolution analysis using a reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) method.ResultsWe have clarified that gestational arsenic exposure increases hypomethylated cytosines in all the chromosomes and they are significantly overrepresented in the retrotransposon LINEs and LTRs, predominantly in the intergenic regions. Closer analyses of detailed annotated DNA sequences showed that hypomethylated cytosines are especially accumulated in the promoter regions of the active full-length L1MdA subfamily in LINEs, and 5′LTRs of the active IAPE subfamily in LTRs. This is the first report that has identified the specific positions of methylomes altered in the retrotransposon elements by environmental exposure, by genome-wide methylome analysis.ConclusionLowered DNA methylation potentially enhances L1MdA retrotransposition and cryptic promoter activity of 5′LTR for coding genes and non-coding RNAs. The present study has illuminated the environmental impacts on sperm DNA methylome establishment that can lead to augmented retrotransposon activities in germ cells and can cause harmful effects in the following generation.
dbNSFP v4: a comprehensive database of transcript-specific functional predictions and annotations for human nonsynonymous and splice-site SNVs
Authors: Liu Xiaoming , Li Chang , Mou Chengcheng , Dong Yibo , Tu Yicheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhole exome sequencing has been increasingly used in human disease studies. Prioritization based on appropriate functional annotations has been used as an indispensable step to select candidate variants. Here we present the latest updates to dbNSFP (version 4.1), a database designed to facilitate this step by providing deleteriousness prediction and functional annotation for all potential nonsynonymous and splice-site SNVs (a total of 84,013,093) in the human genome. The current version compiled 36 deleteriousness prediction scores, including 12 transcript-specific scores, and other variant and gene-level functional annotations. The database is available at http://database.liulab.science/dbNSFP with a downloadable version and a web-service.
Trigonometric approximation of functions $f(x,y)$ of generalized Lipschitz class by double Hausdorff matrix summability method
Authors: Mishra Abhishek , Mishra Vishnu Narayan , Mursaleen M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we establish a new estimate for the degree of approximation of functions $f(x,y)$
f
(
x
,
y
)
belonging to the generalized Lipschitz class $Lip ((\xi _{1}, \xi _{2} );r )$
L
i
p
(
(

ξ
1

,

ξ
2

)
;
r
)
, $r \geq 1$
r
≥
1
, by double Hausdorff matrix summability means of double Fourier series. We also deduce the degree of approximation of functions from $Lip ((\alpha ,\beta );r )$
L
i
p
(
(
α
,
β
)
;
r
)
and $Lip(\alpha ,\beta )$
L
i
p
(
α
,
β
)
in the form of corollary. We establish some auxiliary results on trigonometric approximation for almost Euler means and $(C, \gamma , \delta )$
(
C
,
γ
,
δ
)
means.
Obesity is associated with increased severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chu Yanan , Yang Jinxiu , Shi Jiaran , Zhang Pingping , Wang Xingxiang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundObesity has been widely reported to be associated with the disease progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, some studies have reported different findings. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between obesity and poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of studies from the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from 1 November 2019 to 24 May 2020 was performed. Study quality was assessed, and data extraction was conducted. The meta-analysis was carried out using fixed-effects and random-effects models to calculate odds ratios (ORs) of several poor outcomes in obese and non-obese COVID-19 patients.ResultsTwenty-two studies (n = 12,591 patients) were included. Pooled analysis demonstrated that body mass index (BMI) was higher in severe/critical COVID-19 patients than in mild COVID-19 patients (MD 2.48 kg/m2, 95% CI [2.00 to 2.96 kg/m2]). Additionally, obesity in COVID-19 patients was associated with poor outcomes (OR = 1.683, 95% CI [1.408–2.011]), which comprised severe COVID-19, ICU care, invasive mechanical ventilation use, and disease progression (OR = 4.17, 95% CI [2.32–7.48]; OR = 1.57, 95% CI [1.18–2.09]; OR = 2.13, 95% CI [1.10–4.14]; OR = 1.41, 95% CI [1.26–1.58], respectively). Obesity as a risk factor was greater in younger patients (OR 3.30 vs. 1.72). However, obesity did not increase the risk of hospital mortality (OR = 0.89, 95% CI [0.32–2.51]).ConclusionsAs a result of a potentially critical role of obesity in determining the severity of COVID-19, it is important to collect anthropometric information for COVID-19 patients, especially the younger group. However, obesity may not be associated with hospital mortality, and efforts to understand the impact of obesity on the mortality of COVID-19 patients should be a research priority in the future.
Highly efficient production of an influenza H9N2 vaccine using MDCK suspension cells
Authors: Wu Yixiao , Jia Hanjing , Lai Hanzhang , Liu Xuping , Tan Wen-Song 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe use of H9N2 subtype avian influenza vaccines is an effective approach for the control of the virus spread among the poultry, and for the upgrading of vaccine manufacturing, cell culture-based production platform could overcome the limitations of conventional egg-based platform and alternate it. The development of serum-free suspension cell culture could allow even higher virus productivity, where a suspension cell line with good performance and proper culture strategies are required. In this work, an adherent Mardin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line was adapted to suspension growth to cell concentration up to 12 × 106 cells/mL in a serum-free medium in batch cultures. Subsequently, the H9N2 influenza virus propagation in this MDCK cell line was evaluated with the optimization of infection conditions in terms of MOI and cell concentration for infection. Furthermore, various feed strategies were tested in the infection phase for improved virus titer and a maximum hemagglutinin titer of 13 log2 (HAU/50 μL) was obtained using the 1:2 medium dilution strategy. The evaluation of MDCK cell growth and H9N2 virus production in bioreactors with optimized operating conditions showed comparable cell performance and virus yield compared to shake flasks, with a high cell-specific virus yield above 13,000 virions/cell. With the purified H9N2 virus harvested from the bioreactors, the MDCK cell-derived vaccine was able to induce high titers of neutralizing antibodies in chickens. Overall, the results demonstrate the promising application of the highly efficient MDCK cell-based production platform for the avian influenza vaccine manufacturing.
Improving maternal and child nutrition in China: an analysis of nutrition policies and programs initiated during the 2000–2015 Millennium Development Goals era and implications for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Huang Xin , Yang Bo , Liu Qin , Zhang Ruilin , Tang Shenglan , Story Mary 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Although good progress was made in maternal and child nutrition during the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) era, malnutrition remains one of the major threats on global health. Therefore, the United Nation set several nutrition-related goals in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). There is much to be learned from individual countries in terms of efforts and actions taken to reduce malnutrition. China, as a developing country, launched a number of nutrition improvement policies and programs that resulted in dramatic progress in improving maternal and child nutrition during the MDGs era. This study explored the impact, experiences, and lessons learned from the nutrition policies and programs initiated in China during the MDGs era and implications to achieve the SDGs for China and other developing countries.

Method
The CNKI database and official websites of Chinese government were searched for reviews on nutrition-related policies and intervention programs. A qualitative study was conducted among key informants from the Chinese government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and universities for two major national nutrition intervention programs.

Results
The literature review documented that during the MDGs era, six nutrition policies and eight trans-province and nationwide nutrition intervention programs collectively made good progress in improving maternal and child nutrition in China. Nutrition policies tended to be targeted at infants and children, with less attention on reproductive and maternal nutrition. Nutrition intervention programs focused primarily on undernutrition and have achieved positive results, while for breastfeeding improvement and prevention and control on overweight and obesity were limited. Results from the qualitative study indicated that effective nutrition program implementation was facilitated through the cooperation of multiple sectors and by the government and NGO partnerships, however, still face challenges of insufficient operational funds from local governments and inadequacy of program monitoring and management.

Conclusion
Nutrition policies and intervention programs promulgated in China during the MDGs era have made major contributions to the rapid decline of undernutrition and are in line to achieve the SDGs related to child wasting, stunting, low birth weight, and anemia in reproductive-age women. However, appropriate policies and program implementation are needed to improve exclusive breastfeeding rates and reduce obesity to achieve the SDGs in years to come.
“Neurological manifestations of COVID-19” - guideline of the German society of neurology
Authors: Berlit Peter , Bösel Julian , Gahn Georg , Isenmann Stefan , Meuth Sven G. , Nolte Christian H. , Pawlitzki Marc , Rosenow Felix , Schoser Benedikt , Thomalla Götz , Hummel Thomas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInfection with the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leads to a previously unknown clinical picture, which is known as COVID-19 (COrona VIrus Disease-2019) and was first described in the Hubei region of China. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has implications for all areas of medicine. It directly and indirectly affects the care of neurological diseases. SARS-CoV-2 infection may be associated with an increased incidence of neurological manifestations such as encephalopathy and encephalomyelitis, ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, anosmia and neuromuscular diseases.In October 2020, the German Society of Neurology (DGN, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie) published the first guideline on the neurological manifestations of the new infection. This S1 guideline provides guidance for the care of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection regarding neurological manifestations, patients with neurological disease with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection, and for the protection of healthcare workers.This is an abbreviated version of the guideline issued by the German Neurological society and published in the Guideline repository of the AWMF (Working Group of Scientific Medical Societies; Arbeitsgemeinschaft wissenschaftlicher Medizinischer Fachgesellschaften).
Fungal species associated with apple Valsa canker in East Asia
Authors: Wang Xuli , Shi Cheng-Min , Gleason Mark L. , Huang Lili 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSince its discovery more than 110 years ago, Valsa canker has emerged as a devastating disease of apple in East Asia. However, our understanding of this disease, particularly the identity of the causative agents, has been in a state of confusion. Here we provide a synopsis for the current understanding of Valsa canker and the taxonomy of its causal agents. We highlight the major changes concerning the identity of pathogens and the conflicting viewpoints in moving to “One Fungus = One Name” system for this group of fungal species. We compiled a list of 21Cytosporaspecies associated withMalushosts worldwide and curated 12 of them with rDNA-ITS sequences. The inadequacy of rDNA-ITS in discriminatingCytosporaspecies suggests that additional molecular markers, more intraspecific samples and robust methods are required to achieve reliable species recognition.
Evaluation of radically open dialectical behaviour therapy in an adult community mental health team: effectiveness in people with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Cornwall Peter L. , Simpson Susan , Gibbs Claire , Morfee Valerie 
Published: December 2020

Aims and methodRadically open dialectical behaviour therapy (RO DBT) is a transdiagnostic treatment designed to address disorders associated with overcontrol, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). To date, no studies have reported on the effectiveness of RO DBT for people with ASD. Forty-eight patients were referred to a RO DBT programme, of whom 23 had a diagnosis of ASD. Outcome was measured using the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation – Outcome Measure (CORE) and the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery.ResultsThe intervention was effective, with a medium effect size of 0.53 for improvement in CORE global distress. End-point CORE global distress score was predicted from initial severity and a diagnosis of ASD. Participants with a diagnosis of ASD who completed the therapy had significantly better outcomes than completing participants without an ASD diagnosis.Clinical implicationsThese findings provide preliminary support for RO DBT as an effective intervention for ASD in routine settings.
International medical graduates: how can UK psychiatry do better?
Authors: Lagunes-Cordoba Emmeline , Maitra Raka , Dave Subodh , Matheiken Shevonne , Oyebode Femi , O'Hara Jean , Tracy Derek K. 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe National Health Service (NHS) was created 70 years ago to provide universal healthcare to the UK, and over the years it has relied upon international medical graduates (IMGs) to be able to meet its needs. Despite the benefits these professionals bring to the NHS, they often face barriers that hinder their well-being and performance. In this editorial, we discuss some of the most common challenges and the adverse effects these have on IMGs’ lives and careers. However, we also propose practical measures to improve IMGs’ experiences of working in psychiatry.
Regulation of murine copper homeostasis by members of the COMMD protein family
Authors: Singla Amika , Chen Qing , Suzuki Kohei , Song Jie , Fedoseienko Alina , Wijers Melinde , Lopez Adam , Billadeau Daniel D. , van de Sluis Bart , Burstein Ezra 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Copper is an essential transition metal for all eukaryotes. In mammals, intestinal copper absorption is mediated by the ATP7A copper transporter, whereas copper excretion occurs predominantly through the biliary route and is mediated by the paralog ATP7B. Both transporters have been shown to be recycled actively between the endosomal network and the plasma membrane by a molecular machinery known as the COMMD/CCDC22/CCDC93 or CCC complex. In fact, mutations in COMMD1 can lead to impaired biliary copper excretion and liver pathology in dogs and in mice with liver-specific Commd1 deficiency, recapitulating aspects of this phenotype. Nonetheless, the role of the CCC complex in intestinal copper absorption in vivo has not been studied, and the potential redundancy of various COMMD family members has not been tested. In this study, we examined copper homeostasis in enterocyte-specific and hepatocyte-specific COMMD gene-deficient mice. We found that, in contrast to effects in cell lines in culture, COMMD protein deficiency induced minimal changes in ATP7A in enterocytes and did not lead to altered copper levels under low- or high-copper diets, suggesting that regulation of ATP7A in enterocytes is not of physiological consequence. By contrast, deficiency of any of three COMMD genes (Commd1, Commd6 or Commd9) resulted in hepatic copper accumulation under high-copper diets. We found that each of these deficiencies caused destabilization of the entire CCC complex and suggest that this might explain their shared phenotype. Overall, we conclude that the CCC complex plays an important role in ATP7B endosomal recycling and function.
Dinuclear Rhombic Copper(I) Iodide Complexes with Rigid Bidentate Arsenic Ligands
Authors: Kobayashi Ryosuke , Kihara Hyota , Kusukawa Takahiro , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We have recently developed a series of arsenic ligands based on practical synthetic strategies. Herein, three kinds of bidentate arsenic ligands with rigid linkers were selected to construct dinuclear rhombic copper(I) iodide (CuI) complexes, whose structures were analyzed by X-ray crystallography. They had sufficient solubility in organic solvents, and it was confirmed that their coordination forms were kept in the solutions. Intense solid-state emissions were observed even at room temperature, and the emission colors were varied from yellow to red by the ligands.
How to communicate effectively while wearing face masks
Authors: Mitchell Aby , Hill Barry 
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has radically changed communication in nursing. Aby Mitchell and Barry Hill provide recommendations for improving communication when wearing a face covering Communication is an essential part of nursing care and practice. The COVID-19 pandemic has radically changed communication in healthcare. The 2 metre social distancing rule combined with the need to wear face masks has made communication more challenging. Wearing masks reduces the ability to access the non-verbal facial expressions and cues, such as lip movements, that are so vital to daily communication. Practice nurses rely on non-verbal communication as part of a complete holistic assessment and to build therapeutic relationships. This article provides some recommendations for improving communication when wearing a face covering.