bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malnutrition and its associated factors among elderly Chinese with physical functional dependency
Authors: Ning Hongting , Du Yan , Ellis Donna , Deng Hong-Wen , Hu Hengyu , Zhao Yinan , Chen Huijing , Liao Lulu , Li Mengqi , Peng Linlin , Feng Hui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjective:To assess the prevalence and to identify the associated factors of malnutrition among elderly Chinese with physical functional dependency.Design:Face-to-face interviews using standardised questionnaires were conducted to collect demographic information, health-related issues and psychosocial status. Physical function was measured by the Barthel Index (BI), and nutrition status was assessed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to assess associated factors of malnutrition.Setting:China.Participants:A total of 2323 participants (aged ≥ 60 years) with physical functional dependency in five provinces in China were enrolled using a multistage cluster sampling scheme.Results:The prevalence of malnutrition was 17·9 % (95 % CI 16·3, 19·4). Multivariable binary logistic regression revealed the independent risk factors of poor nutrition status were being female, older age, lower educational status, poor hearing, poor physical functional status, lack of hobbies, low religious participation, poor social support, lack of social participation and changes in social participation. The study found that the most significant independent risk factor for malnutrition was complete physical functional dependence (OR 4·46, 95 % CI 2·92, 6·82).Conclusions:The findings of the study confirm that malnutrition and the risk of malnutrition are prevalent in Chinese older adults with physical functional dependency. In addition to demographic and physical health-related factors, psychosocial factors, which are often overlooked, are independently associated with nutrition status in Chinese older adults with physical functional dependency. A holistic approach should be adopted to screen for malnutrition and develop health promotion interventions in this vulnerable population.
Phase Mapping in EBSD Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Kaufmann Kevin , Zhu Chaoyi , Rosengarten Alexander S. , Maryanovsky Daniel , Wang Haoren , Vecchio Kenneth S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe emergence of commercial electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) equipment ushered in an era of information rich maps produced by determining the orientation of user-selected crystal structures. Since then, a technological revolution has occurred in the quality, rate detection, and analysis of these diffractions patterns. The next revolution in EBSD is the ability to directly utilize the information rich diffraction patterns in a high-throughput manner. Aided by machine learning techniques, this new methodology is, as demonstrated herein, capable of accurately separating phases in a material by crystal symmetry, chemistry, and even lattice parameters with fewer human decisions. This work is the first demonstration of such capabilities and addresses many of the major challenges faced in modern EBSD. Diffraction patterns are collected from a variety of samples, and a convolutional neural network, a type of machine learning algorithm, is trained to autonomously recognize the subtle differences in the diffraction patterns and output phase maps of the material. This study offers a path to machine learning coupled phase mapping as databases of EBSD patterns encompass an increasing number of the possible space groups, chemistry changes, and lattice parameter variations.
Dosimetric impact of positron emission tomography-based gross tumour volume (GTV) delineation over conventional CT-based GTV delineation for carcinoma oesophagus
Authors: Kalyanasundaram Karthikeyan , Vellaiyan Subramani , Shanmugam Subramanian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAim:The aim of the study was to find the dosimetric impact of positron emission tomography (PET)-based gross tumour volume (GTV) delineation over computed tomography (CT)-based GTV delineation for carcinoma oesophagus.Methods:Fifteen patients with carcinoma oesophagus were retrospectively selected. Two sets of GTVs in CT plain images were generated, one with the help of intravenous and oral contrast (GTV CT) and the other with only using PET uptake with the standardised uptake value (simple way of determining the activity in PET) (SUV) > 2.5 (GTV PET). Corresponding PTVs were generated. For all patients, rapid arc plans were generated. Changes in target volumes and critical structure doses were evaluated. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical analysis, and p value < 0.05 was assumed as statistically significant.Results:Mean reduction in GTV was 5.76 ± 19.35 cc. Mean reduction in PTV 45 Gy was 42.40 ± 76.39 cc. Mean reduction in heart mean dose was 1.53 ± 2.16 Gy. Mean reductions in left lung V20% and V10% were 2.43 ± 4.28 and 3.25 ± 5.09 Gy, respectively. Mean reductions in right lung V20% and V10% were 3.11 ± 4.91 and 2.80 ± 4.51 Gy, respectively. Mean reduction in total lung mean dose was 1.00 ± 1.19 Gy.Finding:PET-based GTV contouring reduces the treatment volume and critical structure doses significantly over CT-based GTV contouring for carcinoma oesophagus.
Wolters Kluwer: 184 Years of Knowledge Innovation
Authors: Bartolone David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWolters Kluwer is a global provider of professional information, software solutions, and services for customers in more than 180 countries. It employs approximately 19,000 people worldwide and has annual revenues of €4.6 billion of which 89% are derived from digital products and services. The company's roots can be traced back to the nineteenth century and to the merger of four entrepreneurial, family-run Dutch publishing houses: Wolters, Noordhoff, Samsom, and Kluwer. Throughout its 184-year history, Wolters Kluwer has adapted to a significant amount of environmental, cultural, and technological change, not the least of which was digitalization. It expanded internationally through numerous acquisitions and moved deeper into data and analytics. The company's four operational divisions - Health, Tax & Accounting, Governance Risk & Compliance and Legal & Regulatory - now aim together to achieve goals under a strategy entitled Accelerating Our Value. Those goals are three-fold: to grow expert solutions, to advance deep domain expertise and to drive operational agility. Today Wolters Kluwer is a data-driven, highly customer-experience-focused organization that continues to apply advanced technologies to complex problems. The author, David Bartolone, VP and General Manager, for the International Group within Wolters Kluwer's Legal and Regulatory, U.S. unit, describes Wolters Kluwer's history as well as the current organizational structure, and vision for the future. In addition, he draws upon his recent experience to describe Wolters Kluwer's international legal business.
Are User Surveys Fit for Purpose? A Case Study on the Use of a Contingent Valuation Survey at Middle Temple Library
Authors: Satterley Renae , Woellhaf Adam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this article, based on a presentation at the BIALL Annual Conference in 2019, Renae Satterley and Adam Woellhaf discuss the methodology and potential effectiveness of using contingent valuation surveys in law libraries. Their approach is based on the Middle Temple Library's experience of running such a survey in 2018.
Use of Mobile Technologies by Law Students in the Law Library: a Detailed Investigation
Authors: Abbas Zaki , MacFarlane Andrew , Robinson Lyn 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper follows up from a previous study on this topic and outlines the second part of a wider, two-part study on the information seeking behaviour (ISB) of law students. Exploratory work was outlined in a previous publication17 and there we found that although mobile technologies offered benefits to law students seeking information for their academic studies, there was concern from law librarians that the use of electronic resources via both non-mobile and mobile interfaces resulted in a loss of skills required for information retrieval due to the increasing capabilities of electronic resources’ search interfaces. To gain more insight into how law students were using mobile information resources, and better understand the advantages and disadvantages of such, we extended our study to a wider cohort and employed more research techniques including a focus group. This final phase of our study was conducted between 2015 to 2017. Here our cohort included another set of law librarians (13) and a further 54 law students. We expanded our research tools to include 2 thematic questionnaires and a focus group exercise. Our findings discovered that law librarians were concerned with the intangibility of digital formats. Law students remained indifferent to this aspect and valued the speed, multi-tasking and near-ubiquitous accessibility attributes that electronic format use via mobile technologies provided. These learnings and more, with conclusions, are reported in the course of this paper written by Zaki Abbas, Andrew MacFarlane and Lyn Robinson.
Measuring what matters – information systems for management of chronic disease in primary healthcare settings in low and middle-income countries: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Mayston R. , Ebhohimen K. , Jacob K. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Effective health information systems are essential to the delivery of high-quality community-based care for chronic disease which will be needed to address the changing healthcare needs of populations in low and middle-income country settings. Health management information systems (health service data collected at facility level) and electronic health records (data organised by individual patients) may support the measurement-based, collaborative approach that is central to the chronic care model, which has been adopted as the basis for task-shared models of care for mental health and non-communicable disease. We used the performance of routine information systems management to guide our commentary on the evidence-base about information systems to support chronic care. We found that, despite an appetite for using the information to support decision-making around service planning, this rarely happens in practice, reasons include that data is not perceived to be of good quality or fit for purpose. There is often a mismatch between technology design and the availability of specialised knowledge and infrastructure. However, when data collection is designed in collaboration with local stakeholders, there is some evidence of success, demonstrated by completion and accuracy of data forms. Whilst there are global targets for the development of health information systems and progress on these is undoubtedly being made, indicators for chronic disease are seldom prioritised by national governments and there is insufficient decentralisation to facilitate local data-driven decision-making. Our recommendations for future research and development, therefore, focus upon the need to integrate context into the design of information systems: through building strong multisectoral partnerships, ensuring newly developed indicators are well aligned to service models and using technology that is a good fit with local infrastructure. This approach will be necessary if information systems are to deliver on their potential to drive improvements in care for chronic disease.
Sample-Selection Biases and the Historical Growth Pattern of Children
Authors: Schneider Eric B. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBodenhorn et al. (2017) have sparked considerable controversy by arguing that the fall in adult stature observed in military samples in the United States and Britain during industrialization was a figment of selection on unobservables in the samples. While subsequent papers have questioned the extent of the bias (Komlos and A’Hearn 2019; Zimran 2019), there is renewed concern about selection bias in historical anthropometric datasets. Therefore, this article extends Bodenhorn et al.’s discussion of selection bias on unobservables to sources of children’s growth, specifically focusing on biases that could distort the age pattern of growth. Understanding how the growth pattern of children has changed is important because these changes underpinned the secular increase in adult stature and are related to child stunting observed in developing countries today. However, there are significant sources of unobserved selection in historical datasets containing children’s and adolescents’ height and weight. This article highlights, among others, three common sources of bias: (1) positive selection of children into secondary school in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; (2) distorted height by age profiles created by age thresholds for enlistment in the military; and (3) changing institutional ecology that determines to which institutions children are sent. Accounting for these biases adjusts the literature in two ways: evidence of a strong pubertal growth spurt in the nineteenth century is weaker than formerly acknowledged and some long-run analyses of changes in children’s growth are too biased to be informative, especially for Japan.
Basalts From the Chukchi Borderland: 40Ar/39Ar Ages and Geochemistry of Submarine Intraplate Lavas Dredged From the Western Arctic Ocean
Authors: Mukasa Samuel B. , Andronikov Alexandre , Brumley Kelley , Mayer Larry A. , Armstrong Andrew 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSubmarine volcanism in the western Arctic Ocean, known as Amerasia Basin, is attributed to a mantle plume based on geophysics and meager geochemical evidence. Basaltic samples dredged from Chukchi Borderland within the basin have produced minimum 40Ar/39Ar ages for eruption at circa 118–112, circa 105–100, and circa 90–70 Ma, which we use to constrain tectonic models for basin opening. Major oxide and trace element concentrations and Sr, Nd, and Hf isotopic ratios of the lavas show that the circa 118–112 Ma samples from Northwind Ridge are tholeiites (low‐Ti tholeiite I) with low degrees of rare‐earth element (REE) fractionation, high overall heavy rare‐earth element (HREE), and Mg# (Mg‐number), which suggests magma derivation from a garnet‐free source followed by minor crystal fractionation. Strontium, Nd, and Hf isotope systematics for these lavas and ratios of highly incompatible trace elements point toward a lithospheric source. Eruptions at circa 105–100 and circa 90–70 Ma, both at Healy Spur, produced two types of lavas: low‐Ti tholeiite II—which are generally older than high‐Ti tholeiite—both common in continental flood basalt (CFB) provinces and both with trace element abundance patterns typifying a garnet‐free source and significant crystal fractionation for the high‐Ti tholeiite. The isotope characteristics for both groups are common features of asthenospheric sources. Composition‐time relationships for the lavas suggest inception of melting in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM)—probably due to introduction of a heat source by a plume—followed later (at ca. 105–100 and ca. 90–70 Ma) by asthenospheric melting possibly triggered by plume rise.
Micro-light-emitting diodes with quantum dots in display technology
Authors: Liu Zhaojun , Lin Chun-Ho , Hyun Byung-Ryool , Sher Chin-Wei , Lv Zhijian , Luo Bingqing , Jiang Fulong , Wu Tom , Ho Chih-Hsiang , Kuo Hao-Chung , He Jr-Hau 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicro-light-emitting diodes (μ-LEDs) are regarded as the cornerstone of next-generation display technology to meet the personalised demands of advanced applications, such as mobile phones, wearable watches, virtual/augmented reality, micro-projectors and ultrahigh-definition TVs. However, as the LED chip size shrinks to below 20 μm, conventional phosphor colour conversion cannot present sufficient luminance and yield to support high-resolution displays due to the low absorption cross-section. The emergence of quantum dot (QD) materials is expected to fill this gap due to their remarkable photoluminescence, narrow bandwidth emission, colour tuneability, high quantum yield and nanoscale size, providing a powerful full-colour solution for μ-LED displays. Here, we comprehensively review the latest progress concerning the implementation of μ-LEDs and QDs in display technology, including μ-LED design and fabrication, large-scale μ-LED transfer and QD full-colour strategy. Outlooks on QD stability, patterning and deposition and challenges of μ-LED displays are also provided. Finally, we discuss the advanced applications of QD-based μ-LED displays, showing the bright future of this technology.
Micro-rocket robot with all-optic actuating and tracking in blood
Authors: Li Dengfeng , Liu Chao , Yang Yuanyuan , Wang Lidai , Shen Yajing 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMicro/nanorobots have long been expected to reach all parts of the human body through blood vessels for medical treatment or surgery. However, in the current stage, it is still challenging to drive a microrobot in viscous media at high speed and difficult to observe the shape and position of a single microrobot once it enters the bloodstream. Here, we propose a new micro-rocket robot and an all-optic driving and imaging system that can actuate and track it in blood with microscale resolution. To achieve a high driving force, we engineer the microrobot to have a rocket-like triple-tube structure. Owing to the interface design, the 3D-printed micro-rocket can reach a moving speed of 2.8 mm/s (62 body lengths per second) under near-infrared light actuation in a blood-mimicking viscous glycerol solution. We also show that the micro-rocket robot is successfully tracked at a 3.2-µm resolution with an optical-resolution photoacoustic microscope in blood. This work paves the way for microrobot design, actuation, and tracking in the blood environment, which may broaden the scope of microrobotic applications in the biomedical field.
Genome diversification in globally distributed novel marine Proteobacteria is linked to environmental adaptation
Authors: Zhou Zhichao , Tran Patricia Q , Kieft Kristopher , Anantharaman Karthik 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Proteobacteria constitute one of the most diverse and abundant groups of microbes on Earth. In productive marine environments like deep-sea hydrothermal systems, Proteobacteria are implicated in autotrophy coupled to sulfur, methane, and hydrogen oxidation, sulfate reduction, and denitrification. Beyond chemoautotrophy, little is known about the ecological significance of poorly studied Proteobacteria lineages that are globally distributed and active in hydrothermal systems. Here we apply multi-omics to characterize 51 metagenome-assembled genomes from three hydrothermal vent plumes in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans that are affiliated with nine Proteobacteria lineages. Metabolic analyses revealed these organisms to contain a diverse functional repertoire including chemolithotrophic ability to utilize sulfur and C1 compounds, and chemoorganotrophic ability to utilize environment-derived fatty acids, aromatics, carbohydrates, and peptides. Comparative genomics with marine and terrestrial microbiomes suggests that lineage-associated functional traits could explain niche specificity. Our results shed light on the ecological functions and metabolic strategies of novel Proteobacteria in hydrothermal systems and beyond, and highlight the relationship between genome diversification and environmental adaptation.
“Direct to Drug” screening as a precision medicine tool in multiple myeloma
Authors: Bonolo de Campos Cecilia , Meurice Nathalie , Petit Joachim L. , Polito Alysia N. , Zhu Yuan Xiao , Wang Panwen , Bruins Laura A. , Wang Xuewei , Lopez Armenta Ilsel D. , Darvish Susie A. , Ahmann Greg J. , Henderson Kimberly J. , Tian Shulan , Kruse Jonas J. , Stewart William M. , Larsen Jeremy T. , Reeder Craig B. , Dingli David , Kapoor Prashant , Kumar Shaji K. , Fonseca Rafael , Bergsagel P. Leif , Braggio Esteban , Stewart A. Keith 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSeventy-six FDA-approved oncology drugs and emerging therapeutics were evaluated in 25 multiple myeloma (MM) and 15 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma cell lines and in 113 primary MM samples. Ex vivo drug sensitivities were mined for associations with clinical phenotype, cytogenetic, genetic mutation, and transcriptional profiles. In primary MM samples, proteasome inhibitors, dinaciclib, selinexor, venetoclax, auranofin, and histone deacetylating agents had the broadest cytotoxicity. Of interest, newly diagnosed patient samples were globally less sensitive especially to bromodomain inhibitors, inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases or non-receptor kinases, and DNA synthesis inhibitors. Clustering demonstrated six broad groupings of drug sensitivity linked with genomic biomarkers and clinical outcomes. For example, our findings mimic clinical observations of increased venetoclax responsiveness in t(11;14) patients but also identify an increased sensitivity profile in untreated patients, standard genetic risk, low plasma cell S-Phase, and in the absence of Gain(1q) and t(4;14). In contrast, increased ex vivo responsiveness to selinexor was associated with biomarkers of poor prognosis and later relapse patients. This “direct to drug” screening resource, paired with functional genomics, has the potential to successfully direct appropriate individualized therapeutic approaches in MM and to enrich clinical trials for likely responders.
Role of pyruvate kinase M2-mediated metabolic reprogramming during podocyte differentiation
Authors: Yuan Qi , Miao Jiao , Yang Qianqian , Fang Li , Fang Yi , Ding Hao , Zhou Yang , Jiang Lei , Dai Chunsun , Zen Ke , Sun Qi , Yang Junwei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPodocytes, a type of highly specialized epithelial cells, require substantial levels of energy to maintain glomerular integrity and function, but little is known on the regulation of podocytes’ energetics. Lack of metabolic analysis during podocyte development led us to explore the distribution of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, the two major pathways of cell metabolism, in cultured podocytes during in vitro differentiation. Unexpectedly, we observed a stronger glycolytic profile, accompanied by an increased mitochondrial complexity in differentiated podocytes, indicating that mature podocytes boost both glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism to meet their augmented energy demands. In addition, we found a shift of predominant energy source from anaerobic glycolysis in immature podocyte to oxidative phosphorylation during the differentiation process. Furthermore, we identified a crucial metabolic regulator for podocyte development, pyruvate kinase M2. Pkm2-knockdown podocytes showed dramatic reduction of energy metabolism, resulting in defects of cell differentiation. Meanwhile, podocyte-specific Pkm2-knockout (KO) mice developed worse albuminuria and podocyte injury after adriamycin treatment. We identified mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) as a critical regulator of PKM2 during podocyte development. Pharmacological inhibition of mTOR potently abrogated PKM2 expression and disrupted cell differentiation, indicating the existence of metabolic checkpoint that need to be satisfied in order to allow podocyte differentiation.