bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on improving nursing clinical competencies in a surgical department: A participatory action research
Authors: Afshar Mohammad , Sadeghi‑Gandomani Hamidreza , Masoudi Alavi Negin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsThe purpose of the present study was to improve clinical competencies in nursing staff in a selected surgical department in Kashan/Iran during 2016–2018.DesignThis was a participatory action research.MethodsThis action research was implemented in four steps of problem identification, planning, action and reflection. Interviews, focus groups and observation were used for the qualitative part. Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire‐II, job satisfaction and patients' satisfaction questionnaires were completed before and after the study. Qualitative content analysis, paired and independentttest were used for data analysis.ResultsThree main problems could affect the clinical competencies including professional insufficiency, basic shortages and external influences. Three changes were implemented in the surgical department including improving education, involving nursing students in patients' education and increasing the motivations by peer evaluation and selecting the nurse of the week. The changes significantly increased patients' satisfaction, nurses' job satisfaction and work effectiveness.
Measuring the Stability of Supramolecular Complexes in the Proximity of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Naranjo Teresa , Villalva Julia , Pérez Emilio M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe decoration of SWNTs with supramolecular motifs is a common strategy for their subsequent noncovalent functionalization. However, due to the lack of a standard methodology, there are no quantitative measurements showing the extent to which the supramolecular equilibria are affected by one of the host‐guest couple being anchored to the SWNT. Here, we use a method we initially developed to quantify association of small organic molecules to the walls of SWNTs to compare association constants of two host‐guest systems, a Hamilton receptor‐cyanuric acid derivative and a crown ether‐ammonium couple, in solution and when the host is covalently attached to the SWNTs. Our data show that association does occur, but the stability of the complexes is significantly affected, as reflected in a sizable reduction in their association constant, when compared to solution.
The effect of trust of a political party as a moderating variable on the leadership towards voters' loyalty
Authors: Hermanto Agus , Narindro Laser 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to conducting an analysis and research with a view to testing and analyzing the effects of leadership on voter loyalty with political communication, a party's image, and voter satisfaction as the intervening (mediating) variables. This research employing a survey method was conducted in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta precisely in July 2013 until August 2013 where the population consisted of fixed voters in the area of Jakarta which, according to the data from the General Elections Commission of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (Komisi Pemilihan Umum [KPU] Daerah Khusus Ibukota [DKI] Jakarta), the number of fixed voters in the regional‐head election in 2012 amounted to 6,996,951 people. The sample size was calculated using Slovin's formula with a 5% error level and obtained a sample of 400 respondents selected randomly. The implications of this research is The higher the variableLeadershipis, the higher the values of the variablesPolitical CommunicationandA Party's Imageare. VariablesA Party's ImageandVoter Satisfactionwhich have a significant and positive influence onVoter Loyalty. VariablesLeadershipandPolitical Communicationwhich are not significant on the variableVoter Loyalty(Y4), Moreover, this research also discovers thatA Party's Imagemediates the influence ofLeadershiponVoter Loyalty. Loyalty of voters results from a process which is both complex and consists of multiple factors involving the individual voters themselves, the environment, and political parties.
Dissecting expression profiles of gastric precancerous lesions and early gastric cancer to explore crucial molecules in intestinal‐type gastric cancer tumorigenesis
Authors: Zhang Yajing , Wu Xi , Zhang Chengli , Wang Jiaqi , Fei Guijun , Di Xuebing , Lu Xinghua , Feng Lin , Cheng Shujun , Yang Aiming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntestinal‐type gastric cancer (IGC) has a clear and multistep histological evolution. No studies have comprehensively explored gastric tumorigenesis from inflammation through low‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) and high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) to early gastric cancer (EGC). We sought to investigate the characteristics participating in IGC tumorigenesis and identify related prognostic information within the process. RNA expression profiles of 94 gastroscopic biopsies from 47 patients, including gastric precancerous lesions (GPL: LGIN and HGIN), EGC, and paired controls, were detected by Agilent Microarray. During IGC tumorigenesis from LGIN through HGIN to EGC, the number of activity‐changed tumor hallmarks increased. LGIN and HGIN had similar expression profiles when compared to EGC. We observed an increase in the stemness of gastric epithelial cells in LGIN, HGIN, and EGC, and we found 27 consistent genes that might contribute to dedifferentiation, including five driver genes. Remarkably, we perceived that the immune microenvironment was more active in EGC than in GPL, especially in the infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages. We identified a five‐gene signature from the gastric tumorigenesis process that could independently predict the overall survival and disease‐free survival of GC patients (log‐rank test: p < 0.0001), and the robustness was verified in an independent cohort (n > 300) and by comparing with two established prognostic signatures in GC. In conclusion, during IGC tumorigenesis, cancer‐like changes occur in LGIN and accumulate in HGIN and EGC. The immune microenvironment is more active in EGC than in LGIN and HGIN. The identified signature from the tumorigenesis process has robust prognostic significance for GC patients. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Synthesis of 1,6‐didecylnaphtho[1,2‐b:5,6‐b']difuran‐based copolymers by direct heteroarylation polymerization
Authors: Muller Evan W. , Burney‐Allen Alfred A. , Shaw Jessica , Wheeler David L. , Duzhko Volodimyr , Jeffries‐EL Malika 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe use of direct CH arylation cross‐coupling polymerization was evaluated for the synthesis of donor–acceptor conjugated co‐polymers using the novel donor 1,6‐didecylnaphtho[1,2‐b:5,6‐b']difuran and either thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione (TPD) or 1,4‐diketopyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole (DPP) as the acceptor. Thiophene and furan moieties were used to flank the DPP group and the impact of these heterocycles on the polymers' properties was evaluated. The alkyl chains on the diketopyrrolopyrrole monomers were varied to engineer the solubility and morphology of the materials. All of the polymers have similar optoelectronic properties with narrow optical band gaps around 1.3 eV, which is ideal for solar energy harvesting. Unfortunately, these polymers also had high‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital levels of −4.8 to −5.1, and as a result bulk‐heterojunction photovoltaic cells fabricated using the soluble fullerene derivative PC71BM as the electron‐acceptor and these polymers as donor materials exhibited poor performance due to limited Voc values. An examination of the films from these blends indicates that film‐thickness and morphology were also a major hindrance to performance and a potential point of improvement for future materials.
Microscopic Insights into the Formation of Methane Hydrate in the Absence/Presence of Electrolyte Ions
Authors: Liu Tingsong , Liu Ni , Chen Litao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe formation of methane hydrate can be effectively inhibited by the electrolyte ions, but it remains to be a long‐term challenge to describe its molecular mechanism. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to explore the inhibition process of electrolyte solutions at molecular level. The simulation results manifest that the presence of electrolyte ions reduces the possibility of water molecules forming cage clusters of hydrates. Additionally, the growth rate of hydrates is closely related to the ionic concentration and ionic strength of the electrolyte solutions while has no obvious relationship with the ionic species. Finally, the defect structure of the hydrate was noticed and it was found that a little of ions can replace the water molecules in the clathrate structure to form a cage.
A new method for scaling of earthquake records using input energy of structures
Authors: Davarnia Daniel , Farahmand Azar Bahman 
Published: March 2020

SummaryNonlinear response history analysis is conducted as the most trusted and accurate method in the seismic analysis and design of buildings. Since the selection of appropriate records is inherent in this procedure, numerous attempts have been made to use earthquake records that represent a good prediction of future earthquakes. Scaling existing earthquake records is considered as one of the most important tools to fulfill this goal. This paper introduces a new method for scaling ground motion time histories in which elastic input energy is considered as intensity measure. In the new scaling procedure, the scale factor is obtained by minimizing the residual between the elastic input energy of structures for the desired records and the maximum probable input energy of the target spectrum. The efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed method are evaluated and compared with those resulting from the method of ASCE/SEI 7. The results demonstrate that the records scaled with the proposed method lead to more accurate and efficient demand parameters.
Computational models to explore the complexity of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in cancer
Authors: Cortesi Marilisa , Liverani Chiara , Mercatali Laura , Ibrahim Toni , Giordano Emanuele 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEpithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex biological process that plays a key role in cancer progression and metastasis formation. Its activation results in epithelial cells losing adhesion and polarity and becoming capable of migrating from their site of origin. At this step the disease is generally considered incurable. As EMT execution involves several individual molecular components, connected by nontrivial relations, in vitro techniques are often inadequate to capture its complexity. Computational models can be used to complement experiments and provide additional knowledge difficult to build up in a wetlab. Indeed in silico analysis gives the user total control on the system, allowing to identify the contribution of each independent element. In the following, two kinds of approaches to the computational study of EMT will be presented. The first relies on signal transduction networks description and details how changes in gene expression could influence this process, both focusing on specific aspects of the EMT and providing a general frame for this phenomenon easily comparable with experimental data. The second integrates single cell and population level descriptions in a multiscale model that can be considered a more accurate representation of the EMT. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach will be highlighted, together with the importance of coupling computational and experimental results. Finally, the main challenges that need to be addressed to improve our knowledge of the role of EMT in the neoplastic disease and the scientific and translational value of computational models in this respect will be presented.This article is categorized under:
Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Charming new B-physics
Authors: Jäger Sebastian , Kirk Matthew , Lenz Alexander , Leslie Kirsten 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We give a comprehensive account of the flavour physics of Beyond-Standard-Model (BSM) effects in b → c$$ \overline{c} $$

c
¯

cs transitions, considering the full set of 20 four-quark operators. We discuss the leading-order structure of their RG mixing with each other as well as the QCD-penguin, dipole, and FCNC semileptonic operators they necessarily mix with, providing compact expressions. We also provide the first complete results for BSM effects in the lifetime observables ∆Γs and τ (Bs)/τ(Bd), as well as for the semileptonic CP-asymmetry $$ {a}_{sl}^s $$

a
sl
s

. From a global analysis, we obtain stringent constraints on 16 of the 20 BSM operators, including the 10 operators $$ {Q}_{1\dots 10}^{c\prime } $$

Q

1
…
10

c
′

involving a right-handed strange quark. Focussing on CP-conserving new physics, the constraints correspond to NP scales of order 10 TeV in most cases, always dominated by exclusive and/or radiative B-decays via RGE mixing. For the remaining four operators, including the two Standard-Model (SM) ones, larger effects are experimentally allowed, as previously noted in [1]. We extend that paper’s scope to the CP-violating case, paying attention to the impact on the decay rate and time-dependent CP-violation in Bd → J/ψKS. Contrary to common lore, we show that quantifiable constraints arise for new physics in either of the two SM operators, with the uncertain non-perturbative matrix element of the colour-suppressed (or equivalently, colour-octet) operator determined from the data. For new physics in the coefficient $$ {C}_1^c $$

C
1
c

, suppressed in the SM, we find (in addition to CP-conserving new physics) two perfectly viable, narrow bands of complex Wilson coefficients. Somewhat curiously, one of them contains a region where the fitted matrix element for the colour-suppressed operator is in agreement with naive factorization, contrarily to a widely held belief that large non- factorizable contributions to Bd → J/ψKS are implied by experimental data.
Deconfinement on axion domain walls
Authors: Anber Mohamed M. , Poppitz Erich 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe study SU(Nc) gauge theories with Dirac fermions in representations ℛ of nonzeroN-ality, coupled to axions. These theories have an exact discrete chiral symmetry, which has a mixed ’t Hooft anomaly with general baryon-color-flavor backgrounds, called the “BCF anomaly” in [1]. The infrared theory also has an emergent$$ {\mathrm{\mathbb{Z}}}_{N_c}^{(1)} $$ℤNc11-form center symmetry. We show that the BCF anomaly is matched in the infrared by axion domain walls. We argue that$$ {\mathrm{\mathbb{Z}}}_{N_c}^{(1)} $$ℤNc1is spontaneously broken on axion domain walls, so that nonzeroN-ality Wilson loops obey the perimeter law and probe quarks are deconfined on the walls. We give further support to our conclusion by using a calculable small-circle compactification to study the multi-scale structure of the axion domain walls and the microscopic physics of deconfinement on their worldvolume.
More on the entropy product and dual CFTs
Authors: Golchin Hanif 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we check the universality of the entropy product for some black hole and black ring solutions. Applying the asymptotic symmetry group (ASG) analysis, we also find the central charges of the dual CFTs for these solutions. It has been observed [16] that if the entropy product for a solution is universal, it is possible to read the central charges of the dual CFTs from the entropy product as $$ {c}_i\sim \frac{\partial }{\partial {N}_i}\left({S}_{+}{S}_{-}\right), $$

c
i

∼

∂

∂

N
i

S
+

S
−

,
where Ni is a conserved charge of the solution like angular momentum or electric charge. In this work we consider some other families of solutions and we check that the same behavior is valid for them. Moreover, in the case of solutions containing the conical singularity, we find the central charges using the ASG analysis. We show that the central charges receive a contribution from the conical characteristic κ of the solution, however it is still possible to read the central charges from the entropy product.
The proton in high definition: revisiting photon-initiated production in high energy collisions
Authors: Harland-Lang L.A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We re-examine the current state of the art for the calculation of photon- initiated processes at the LHC, as formulated in terms of a photon PDF in the proton that may be determined rather precisely from the known proton structure functions. We in particular demonstrate that a by construction more precise calculation is provided by a direct application of the structure function approach, best known from the case of Higgs Boson production via vector boson fusion. This avoids any artificial scale variation uncertainties, which can otherwise be rather significant for processes calculated within the standard approach thus far. To understand the source of these, we present a detailed comparison of the structure function approach and its relation to the photon PDF. We then provide precise predictions for the photon-initiated contribution to lepton pair production at the LHC, including the lepton pair transverse momentum distribution. Thus, by a direct application of the structure function formalism we show how the contribution from initial-state photons at the LHC may for the first time be included with high precision in a universal and straightforward way, providing a high definition picture of the photon content of the proton.
Speech recognition with hearing aids for 10 standard audiograms
Authors: Dörfler C. , Hocke T. , Hast A. , Hoppe U. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Improvement of speech perception in quiet is an important goal of hearing aid provision. In practice, results are highly variable. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between type and extent of hearing loss (audiogram type), maximum word recognition score, and aided speech perception.

Materials and methods
Pure tone and speech audiometric data of 740 ears in 370 patients were reviewed. All subjects visited our hearing center for hearing aid evaluation between 2012 and 2017. The maximum word recognition score (WRSmax) and the monosyllabic speech recognition score with hearing aids, WRS65(HA) were analyzed for 10 different standard audiogram types.

Results
The WRS65(HA) with hearing aids for different degrees of hearing loss is, within error boundaries, comparable to previous investigations and shows a difference of 10–20 percentage points to the WRSmax. This difference tends to be larger for flat and moderately sloping audiograms compared to steep-sloping audiograms. The ratio WRS65(HA)/WRSmax can be interpreted as an efficiency factor for hearing aid provision, since it relates speech recognition with hearing aids to the maximally achievable information carrying capacity of the hearing impaired.

Conclusion
The expectation regarding hearing aid provision has to be adjusted according to maximum word recognition score, the derived quality measures, degree of hearing loss, and audiogram type.
Alcohol consumption in relation to carotid subclinical atherosclerosis and its progression: results from a European longitudinal multicentre study
Authors:   IMPROVE Study group, Laguzzi Federica , Baldassarre Damiano , Veglia Fabrizio , Strawbridge Rona J. , Humphries Steve E. , Rauramaa Rainer , Smit Andries J. , Giral Philippe , Silveira Angela , Tremoli Elena , Hamsten Anders , de Faire Ulf , Frumento Paolo , Leander Karin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background/Aim
The association between alcohol consumption and subclinical atherosclerosis is still unclear. Using data from a European multicentre study, we assess subclinical atherosclerosis and its 30-month progression by carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) measurements, and correlate this information with self-reported data on alcohol consumption.

Methods
Between 2002–2004, 1772 men and 1931 women aged 54–79 years with at least three risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) were recruited in Italy, France, Netherlands, Sweden, and Finland. Self-reported alcohol consumption, assessed at baseline, was categorized as follows: none (0 g/d), very-low (0 − 5 g/d), low (> 5 to  ≤ 10 g/d), moderate (> 10 to ≤ 20 g/d for women,  > 10 to ≤ 30 g/d for men) and high (> 20 g/d for women, > 30 g/d for men). C-IMT was measured in millimeters at baseline and after 30 months. Measurements consisted of the mean and maximum values of the common carotids (CC), internal carotid artery (ICA), and bifurcations (Bif) and whole carotid tree. We used quantile regression to describe the associations between C-IMT measures and alcohol consumption categories, adjusting for sex, age, physical activity, education, smoking, diet, and latitude.

Results
Adjusted differences between median C-IMT values in different levels of alcohol consumption (vs. very-low) showed that moderate alcohol consumption was associated with lower C-IMTmax[− 0.17(95%CI − 0.32; − 0.02)], and Bif-IMTmean[− 0.07(95%CI − 0.13; − 0.01)] at baseline and decreasing C-IMTmean[− 0.006 (95%CI − 0.011; − 0.000)], Bif-IMTmean[− 0.016(95%CI − 0.027; − 0.005)], ICA-IMTmean[− 0.009(95% − 0.016; − 0.002)] and ICA-IMTmax[− 0.016(95%: − 0.032; − 0.000)] after 30 months. There was no evidence of departure from linearity in the association between alcohol consumption and C-IMT.

Conclusion
In this European population at high risk of CVD, findings show an inverse relation between moderate alcohol consumption and carotid subclinical atherosclerosis and its 30-month progression, independently of several potential confounders.
Fetal profile in fetuses with open spina bifida
Authors: Prodan Natalia , Hoopmann Markus , Sonek Jiri , Oettling Christoph , Abele Harald , Wagner Philipp , Kagan Karl Oliver 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective
To determine whether the frontomaxillary facial (FMF) angle and the prefrontal space ratio (PFSR) are helpful in screening for open spinal defects by ultrasound in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.

Methods
The FMF angle and the PFSR were measured in fetuses with spina bifida according to standardized protocols. The normal range of the PFSR was previously published by our group. To determine the normal values for the FMF angle in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, we used the same stored images from the above-mentioned study.

Results
71 affected and 279 normal fetuses were included in this study. Median gestational ages in the two groups were 21.1 weeks and 21.6 weeks, respectively. In fetuses with spina bifida, the FMF angle was significantly smaller than in the normal population (72.9° versus 79.6°). However, the measurement was below the fifth centile in only 22.5% of the affected fetuses. The PFSR was similar in both groups.

Conclusions
The FMF angle is smaller in second and third trimester fetuses with open spina bifida. However, the difference is not large enough to implement this marker in current screening programs.