bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty in Octogenarians versus Younger Patients: A Comparison of 30-Day Outcomes
Authors: Kavanagh Michael D. , Abola Matthew V. , Tanenbaum Joseph E. , Knapik Derrick M. , Fitzgerald Steven J. , Wera Glenn D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs the United States' octogenarian population (persons 80–89 years of age) continues to grow, understanding the risk profile of surgical procedures in elderly patients becomes increasingly important. The purpose of this study was to compare 30-day outcomes following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in octogenarians with those in younger patients. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried. All patients, aged 60 to 89 years, who underwent UKA from 2005 to 2016 were included. Patients were stratified by age: 60 to 69 (Group 1), 70 to 79 (Group 2), and 80 to 89 years (Group 3). Multivariate regression models were estimated for the outcomes of hospital length of stay (LOS), nonhome discharge, morbidity, reoperation, and readmission within 30 days following UKA. A total of 5,352 patients met inclusion criteria. Group 1 status was associated with a 0.41-day shorter average adjusted LOS (99.5% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67–0.16 days shorter, p < 0.001) relative to Group 3. Group 2 status was not associated with a significantly shorter LOS compared with Group 3. Both Group 1 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.15, 99.5% CI: 0.10–0.23) and Group 2 (OR = 0.33, 99.5% CI: 0.22–0.49) demonstrated significantly lower adjusted odds of nonhome discharge following UKA compared with Group 3. There was no significant difference in adjusted odds of 30-day morbidity, readmission, or reoperation when comparing Group 3 patients with Group 1 or Group 2. While differences in LOS and nonhome discharge were seen, octogenarian status was not associated with increased adjusted odds of 30-day morbidity, readmission, or reoperation. Factors other than age may better predict postoperative complications following UKA.
Meniscus Graft Augmentation for a Midsubstance Tear of the Medial Collateral Ligament during Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Sun Changjiao , Rong Wei , Du Ruiyong , Wu Sha , Liu Pu , Zhang Wei , Cai Xu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractsMultiple surgical techniques exist to repair iatrogenic medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The objective of the study is to confirm the clinical effectiveness of meniscus transfer for treatment of iatrogenic MCL midsubstance transection in which remaining MCL is of poor quality, and there is a persistent gap between both ligament ends during TKA. From January 2015 to November 2019, we treated 11 patients with MCL injuries of 882 primary TKAs by meniscus transfer. Another 24 primary TKAs were recruited as a control group. The two groups of patients were comparable for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), Knee Society scoring (KSS), knee function score (KFS), and type of prosthesis comparison without significant difference (p > 0.05). We reviewed the patient's stability, as well as objective measures such as KSS and KFS scores, physical examinations, and radiographs. No patient of either group reported impaired wound healing, joint instability on physical examination, pain, radiographic changes, signs of loosening, and other complications. At the final follow-up, there was no significant difference in terms of KSS (p = 0.780) and KFS (p = 0.612) between the injury group and control group at last follow-up. X-ray image review showed no prosthesis loosening or subsidence for both groups. Based on these results, we are cautiously optimistic that midsubstance transections in which the quality of remaining tendon is weak, there is suspicion of stretching, or there is a persistent gap between both ligament ends that can be reconstructed with meniscus autograft transfer augmentation and an unconstrained implant.
Total Knee Arthroplasty after Previous Ipsilateral Hip Arthroplasty Showed Lower Clinical Outcomes and Higher Leg Length Discrepancy Perception
Authors: Lee Han-Jun , Kim Seong Hwan , Pujol Nicolas , Park Yong-Beom 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to compare perception of leg length discrepancy (LLD) and clinical results of total knee arthroplasties (TKA) in patients with or without previous ipsilateral hip arthroplasty. Between 2008 and 2015, navigation-assisted TKA was performed in 43 patients with previous hip arthroplasty after hip fracture. After 1:3 propensity score matching was performed, 108 patients of primary navigation-assisted TKA (group 1) and 36 patients with hip arthroplasty (group 2) were included. Knee Society (KS) scores, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index (WOMAC) scores, and patients' satisfaction including perception of LLD were evaluated. Radiographic evaluation included mechanical axis, component position, and LLD. Logistic regression analysis was performed to find the factors that affect the clinical outcomes. No significant differences in radiologic and clinical evaluations, except for KS function score, patient's satisfaction and LLD (p< 0.001), were detected between the groups. LLD and its perception were significantly higher in group 2 (1.8 ± 3.4 mm in group 1 and 9.7 ± 4.1 mm in group 2, p = 0.000). Risk factors for the low KS function score were found as LLD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.403, p = 0.008) and previous hip arthroplasty itself (OR: 15.755, p = 0.002), but much higher OR was found in previous hip arthroplasty. Although the outcomes of TKA in patients with ipsilateral hip arthroplasty are comparable to those of primary TKA, LLD was high and patient's satisfaction and functional outcomes were low in patients with previous ipsilateral hip arthroplasty. Care should be taken when considering TKA in patients with previous hip arthroplasty. This is a Level III, case control study.
The 4S-AF Scheme (Stroke Risk; Symptoms; Severity of Burden; Substrate): A Novel Approach to In-Depth Characterization (Rather than Classification) of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Potpara Tatjana S. , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Blomstrom-Lundqvist Carina , Boriani Giuseppe , Van Gelder Isabelle C. , Heidbuchel Hein , Hindricks Gerhard , Camm Alan John 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a complex condition requiring holistic management with multiple treatment decisions about optimal thromboprophylaxis, symptom control (and prevention of AF progression), and identification and management of concomitant cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidity. Sometimes the information needed for treatment decisions is incomplete, as available classifications of AF mostly address a single domain of AF (or patient)-related characteristics. The most widely used classification of AF based on AF episode duration and temporal patterns (that is, the classification to first-diagnosed, paroxysmal, persistent/long-standing persistent, and permanent AF) has contributed to a better understanding of AF prevention and treatment but its limitations and the need for a multidimensional AF classification have been recognized as more complex treatment options became available. We propose a paradigm shift from classification toward a structured characterization of AF, addressing specific domains having treatment and prognostic implications to become a standard in clinical practice, thus aiming to streamline the assessment of AF patients at all health care levels facilitating communication among physicians, treatment decision-making, and optimal risk evaluation and management of AF patients. Specifically, we propose the 4S-AF structured pathophysiology-based characterization (rather than classification) scheme that includes four AF- and patient-related domains—Stroke risk, Symptoms, Severity of AF burden, and Substrate severity—and provide a hypothetical model for the use of 4S-AF characterization scheme to aid treatment decision making concerning the management of patients with AF in clinical practice.
Parasitic photon process versus productive photon process: a theoretical study of free-carrier absorption in conventional and hot-carrier solar cells
Authors: Tsai Chin-Yi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The effects of free-carrier absorption on conventional and hot-carriers solar cells are theoretically investigated in this work. The common view that free-carrier absorption in solar cells is ‘parasitic’ is re-examined, with the assistance of a theoretical framework and formulation developed and verified for calculating free-carrier absorption coefficients. In the case of spatial partitioning with photon absorption selectivity (e.g. solar cells with embedded quantum structures), free-carrier-absorption can facilitate and enhance carrier escape processes and increases photocurrents, especially in deep potential wells. Carrier heating resulting from free-carrier absorption is shown to be extremely beneficial to hot-carrier solar cells, especially for heavily-doped wide-band-gap optical absorbers. The energy conversion processes from carrier heating of free-carrier absorption could potentially make ideal hot-carrier solar cells function like solar thermal converters. As a result, their energy conversion efficiency is closer to the thermodynamic limit, regardless of optical absorbers’ band gap energy. It is illustrated that, as an optical process which is not limited by band gap energy, free-carrier absorption could benefit possible materials of hot-carrier solar cells regardless of their band gap energy. From this perspective, free-carrier absorption is far from a ‘parasitic’ process. Its usefulness depends on how we turn it into productive work.
Highly efficient and controllable photoluminescence emission on a suspended MoS2-based plasmonic grating
Authors: Huang Lei , Su Huanhuan , Hu Guohua , Wu Shan , Wang Yongkang , Chen Boyu , Wang Qianjin , Deng Chunyu , Yun Binfeng , Zhang Ruohu , Cui Yiping 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Being a new class of materials, transition metal dichalcogenides are paving the way for applications in atomically thin optoelectronics. However, the intrinsically weak light–matter interaction and the lack of manipulation ability has lead to poor light emission and tunable behavior. Here, we investigate the fluorescence characteristic of monolayer molybdenum disulfide on a metal narrow-slit grating, where a highly efficient, 471 times photoluminescence enhancement are realized, based on the hybrid surface plasmon polaritons resonances and the decreased influence of substrate. Moreover, the emitted intensity and polarization are controllable due to the polarization-dependent characteristic and anisotropy of grating. The manipulations of light-matter interactions in this special system provide a new insight into the fluorescent emission process and open a new avenue for high-performance low dimensional materials devices designs.
The fabrication of LiNbO3 memristors for electronic synapses using oxygen annealing
Authors: Liang Xiang , Chen Xuhao , Yang Xiaoni , Ni Jing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Based on the LiNbO3 (LN) single crystal thin film prepared using Ar+ etching, an LN thin film memristor was fabricated by oxygen annealing. Atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscope and electron paramagnetic resonance test results show that the method uniformly reduces the amount of oxygen vacancies on the surface of the material. The current-voltage scanning (I–V scanning), retention and endurance test results show that this method effectively reduces the possibility of breakdown and increases the retention and endurance performance of the device. By adjusting the parameters of the electric pulse, the annealed sample successfully emulated spike-rate dependent plasticity, pulse-paired facilitation, post-tetanic potentiation, Ebbinghaus forgetting curve and the spike-time dependent plasticity. These results indicate that the device prepared herein could be used as an electronic synapse in the field of brain-like neuromorphic computing systems.
Comparison of the suitability of CBCT- and MR-based synthetic CTs for daily adaptive proton therapy in head and neck patients
Authors: Thummerer Adrian , de Jong Bas A , Zaffino Paolo , Meijers Arturs , Marmitt Gabriel Guterres , Seco Joao , Steenbakkers Roel J H M , Langendijk Johannes A , Both Stefan , Spadea Maria F , Knopf Antje C 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)- and magnetic resonance (MR)-images allow a daily observation of patient anatomy but are not directly suited for accurate proton dose calculations. This can be overcome by creating synthetic CTs (sCT) using deep convolutional neural networks. In this study, we compared sCTs based on CBCTs and MRs for head and neck (H&N) cancer patients in terms of image quality and proton dose calculation accuracy.
A dataset of 27 H&N-patients, treated with proton therapy (PT), containing planning CTs (pCTs), repeat CTs, CBCTs and MRs were used to train two neural networks to convert either CBCTs or MRs into sCTs. Image quality was quantified by calculating mean absolute error (MAE), mean error (ME) and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) for bones. The dose evaluation consisted of a systematic non-clinical analysis and a clinical recalculation of actually used proton treatment plans. Gamma analysis was performed for non-clinical and clinical treatment plans. For clinical treatment plans also dose to targets and organs at risk (OARs) and normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCP) were compared.
CBCT-based sCTs resulted in higher image quality with an average MAE of 40 ± 4 HU and a DSC of 0.95, while for MR-based sCTs a MAE of 65 ± 4 HU and a DSC of 0.89 was observed. Also in clinical proton dose calculations, sCTCBCT achieved higher average gamma pass ratios (2%/2 mm criteria) than sCTMR (96.1% vs. 93.3%). Dose-volume histograms for selected OARs and NTCP-values showed a very small difference between sCTCBCT and sCTMR and a high agreement with the reference pCT.
CBCT- and MR-based sCTs have the potential to enable accurate proton dose calculations valuable for daily adaptive PT. Significant image quality differences were observed but did not affect proton dose calculation accuracy in a similar manner. Especially the recalculation of clinical treatment plans showed high agreement with the pCT for both sCTCBCT and sCTMR.
Kernel-based curve-fitting method with spatial regularization for generation of parametric images in dynamic PET
Authors: Huang Hsuan-Ming 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Due to high levels of noise in pixel-wise time-activity curves, the indirect method that generates kinetic parametric images from dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) images often results in poor parametric image quality. We have demonstrated that the quality of parametric images can be improved by denoising dynamic PET images, using gradient-free curve-fitting and applying a kernel-based post-filtering to parametric images. However, many gradient-free curve-fitting methods are time-consuming. Moreover, some parameter estimates (e.g. k2 and k3) have large variability. To provide high-quality PET parametric images with low computational cost, we propose a curve-fitting method that incorporates the kernel-based denoising method and the highly constrained backprojection technique into the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm. We conducted a simulation study to evaluate the performance of the proposed curve-fitting method. Dynamic PET images were reconstructed using the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm and were denoised before parameter estimation. Compared to the LM algorithm with and without the kernel-based post-filtering, the proposed method achieved superior performance, offering a decrease in both bias and coefficient of variation (CV) on all parametric images. Overall, the proposed method exhibited lower bias and slightly higher CV than the gradient-free pattern search method with the kernel-based post-filtering (PatS-K). Moreover, the computation time of the proposed method was about 18 times lower than that of the PatS-K method. Finally, we show that the proposed method can further improve the quality of parametric images when dynamic PET images are reconstructed using the kernel-based EM algorithm.
Body morphometry appropriate computational phantoms for dose and risk optimization in pediatric renal imaging with Tc-99m DMSA and Tc-99m MAG3
Authors: Brown Justin L , Sexton-Stallone Briana , Li Ye , Frey Eric C , Treves S Ted , Fahey Frederic H , Plyku Donika , Cao Xinhua , Sgouros George , Bolch Wesley E 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Current guidelines for administered activity (AA) in pediatric nuclear medicine imaging studies are based on a 2016 harmonization of the 2010 North American Consensus guidelines and the 2007 European Association of Nuclear Medicine pediatric dosage card. These guidelines assign AA scaled to patient body mass, with further constraints on maximum and minimum values of radiopharmaceutical activity. These guidelines, however, are not formulated based upon a rigor-ous evaluation of diagnostic image quality. In a recent study of the renal cortex imaging agent 99mTc-DMSA (Li Y et al 2019), body mass-based dosing guidelines were shown to not give the same level of image quality for patients of differing body mass. Their data suggest that patient girth at the level of the kidneys may be a better morphometric parameter to consider when selecting AA for renal nuclear medicine imaging. The objective of the present work was thus to develop a dedicated series of computational phantoms to support image quality and organ dose studies in pediatric renal imaging using 99mTc-DMSA or 99mTc-MAG3. The final library consists of 50 male and female phantoms of ages 0 to 15 years, with percentile variations (5th to 95th) in waist circumference (WC) at each age. For each phantom, nominal values of kidney volume, length, and depth were incorporated into the phantom design. Organ absorbed doses, detriment-weighted doses, and stochastic risks were assessed using ICRP reference biokinetic models for both agents. In Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations, organ doses for these agents yielded detriment-weighted dose coefficients (mSv/MBq) that were in general larger than current ICRP values of the effective dose coefficients (age and WC-averaged ratios of eDW/e were 1.40 for the male phantoms and 1.49 for the female phantoms). Values of risk index (ratio of radiation-induced to natural background cancer incidence risk x 100) varied between 0.062 (newborns) to 0.108 (15-year-olds) for 99mTc-DMSA and between 0.026 (newborns) to 0.122 (15-year-olds) for 99mTc-MAG3. Using tallies of photon exit fluence as a rough surrogate for uniform image quality, our study demonstrated that through body region-of-interest optimization of AA, there is the potential for further dose and risk reductions of between factors of 1.5 to 3.0 beyond simple weight-based dosing guidance.
Characterisation of a thermionic plasma source apparatus for high-density gaseous plasma antenna applications
Authors: Daykin-Iliopoulos Alexander , Bosi Franco , Coccaro Fabio , Magarotto Mirko , Papadimopoulos Athanasios , De Carlo Paola , Dobranszki Cristian , Golosnoy Igor , Gabriel Steve 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A thermionic plasma source apparatus has been developed and characterised for high-density gaseous plasma antenna (GPA) applications. The system produces a cylindrical plasma column which is 100 mm long with a diameter of 8 mm and operates with a total plasma power consumption of 70 to 200 W, depending mainly on the DC discharge current. The plasma column electron density and temperature is measured via microwave interferometry and optical emission spectroscopy. The plasma properties are investigated for Ar, Kr and Xe at pressures from 1 to 4 mbar. The system has demonstrated higher electron densities (>1019 m−3) at low pressures (<2 mbar) than has been experimentally achieved before for GPA applications. This could allow for high gain GPA operation comparable to that of conventional metallic antennas. Additionally, the source has demonstrated operation over a wide range of electron densities, from 2 × 1018 to 1 × 1019 m−3, which can allow for frequency hopping. The plasma columns electron temperature remains around 1.5 eV for argon, largely uninfluenced by the pressure or discharge current. These plasma column measurements obtained are used to analyse the plasma properties influence on GPA performance. This analysis indicates that at high density operation, a gain is achieved which is only 22% lower than that of the conventional metallic antenna. Furthermore, the density ranges demonstrated could enable wide-range frequency hopping of over 100 MHz, with a gain greater than 1.3 dBi.
Pinning analyses of a BaHfO3-containing GdBa2Cu3O7‐δ thin film grown by chemical solution deposition
Authors: Iida Kazumasa , Cayado Pablo , Rijckaert Hannes , Erbe Manuela , Hänisch Jens , Okada Tatsunori , Van Driessche Isabel , Awaji Satoshi , Holzapfel Bernhard 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The electric transport properties of a GdBa2Cu3O

7
−
δ

thin film containing 12 mol% nano-sized BaHfO3 (BHO) particles grown by chemical solution deposition were investigated in a wide range of temperatures (4.2 ≤T ≤ 77 K) and magnetic fields up to

μ

0

H

= 19 T. The exponent n of the electric field–current density characteristics (

E
∝

J

n
) depends on critical current density

J

c

as (n–1)

∝

J

c

α

(α ∼ 0.45) irrespective of measurement temperature for H

∥

c. On the other hand, this relation does not hold for H

∥

ab. The angular dependence of

J

c

is almost similar to that of n except for the angle close to the ab-plane. A dip of n around this angle regime was observed below 77 K, whereas

J

c

exhibited a maximum. At T ≤ 50 K a tiny peak in the dip was observed that increases with decreasing temperatures. These results suggest that the pinning mechanism changes with temperature for H

∥

ab.
Superconductivity of hydrogen superoxide under high pressure
Authors: Ishikawa Takahiro 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We explored the superconductivity in a oxygen-hydrogen binary system, H
h
O1 − h
, under highpressure using an evolutionary algorithm-based materials informatics approach. We searched for metallic and superconducting phases in pressures up to 300 GPa using a crystal structure prediction technique based on a genetic algorithm and first-principles calculations, and found that hydrogen superoxide (HO2) with an orthorhombic Pnnm, which emerges as a metastable compound in pressure above 180 GPa, is the only compound showing the superconductivity. The superconducting critical temperature

T

c

is 9.78 K at 200 GPa, which is higher than that of pure solid oxygen, 2.87 K, due to the effect of the hydrogenation. We confirmed that the

T

c

value shows a good agreement with potential superconducting critical temperature

T

c

p
o
t

estimated by the superconductivity predictor, which we have previously developed by a genetic programming using 497 first-principles datasets of other binary hydrides. Moreover, supposing that all the H
h
O1 − h
compounds are superconductors at pressures in 150–200 GPa, we investigated the potential superconductivity of the H
h
O1 − h
system using the predictor and obtained that

T

c

p
o
t

shows 10 K for h = 0.033 3 and increases to 100 K with the increase of h to 0.966 7.