bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute thrombosis of everolimus-eluting platinum chromium stent caused by impaired prasugrel metabolism due to cytochrome P450 enzyme 2B6*2 (C64T) polymorphism: a case report
Authors: Yamagata Yuki , Koga Seiji , Ikeda Satoshi , Maemura Koji 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and P2Y12 receptor inhibitor is an important option for preventing acute stent thrombosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Case summary
A 72-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Emergent coronary angiography identified the occlusion in the proximal left anterior descending artery. This lesion was successfully treated by thrombus aspiration and an everolimus-eluting platinum chromium stent implantation with loading of aspirin 200 mg and prasugrel 20 mg. However, acute closure of the stent occurred 1 h after PCI. P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) measured using VerifyNow assay was 282, suggesting high platelet reactivity on prasugrel. After adding cilostazol 200 mg, recanalization was successfully obtained by thrombus aspiration and ballooning under intra-aortic balloon pump. Thereafter, PRU decreased to 266 at 4 h after PCI, and 49 the next day, implying full inhibition of platelet reactivity on prasugrel. Fortunately, no stent thrombosis has recurred since then. Genotype analysis of cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP) demonstrated CYP2B6*1/*2 polymorphism leading to impaired metabolism of prasugrel. Based on these findings, acute stent thrombosis in the present case might have been caused by delayed expression of prasugrel effects due to CYP2B6*2 (C64T) polymorphism.

Discussion
In cases of stent thrombosis, we should consider the possibility of poor response to P2Y12 receptor inhibitors due to CYP polymorphism. Assessment of platelet aggregation and CYP genotype may be warranted.
Acute myopericarditis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis: a case report
Authors: Chehab Omar , McGuire Emma , Wani Robert L Serafino , Weerackody Roshan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Acute myopericarditis can be caused by a myriad of infectious and non-infectious aetiologies, however, it is often considered to be due to self-limiting viral infection. Salmonella spp. myopericarditis is rare and the few cases in the literature suggest significant associated morbidity and mortality.

Case summary
A 44-year-old man presented with fever, dyspnoea, and chest pain. He was found to have a large pericardial effusion with clinical signs of tamponade and sepsis. Therapeutic pericardiocentesis was performed and ceftriaxone and levofloxacin were administered. Fully sensitive Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) was isolated in his pericardial fluid and he made a full recovery after a 4-week course of ciprofloxacin. A new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus was made on admission. A follow-up cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) scan was suggestive of myocarditis which was unexpected given a normal Troponin T level on presentation.

Discussion
We report a rare case of S. Enteritidis myopericarditis. Our case is notable as the patient was immunocompetent apart from newly diagnosed diabetes. This case highlights the value of CMR imaging in assessing for myocarditis and ventricular function.
New Monetarism in Continuous Time: Methods and Applications
Authors: Choi Michael , Rocheteau Guillaume 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We develop a New Monetarist model in continuous time where agents trade continuously in competitive markets and infrequently in pairwise meetings. Agents can produce and consume both in flows over time intervals and in discrete quantities at points in time. We detail the methodology to solve individual optimisation problems and characterise the full set of perfect foresight equilibria. We illustrate the role of continuous time and the tractability of our approach with three applications related to monetary policy: (i) forward guidance with policy announcements; (ii) aggregate demand management and firm entry; (iii) open market operations with partially liquid assets.
Severe gastroparesis after orthotopic heart transplantation
Authors: Angleitner Philipp , Arnoldner Michael A , Zuckermann Andreas O , Aliabadi-Zuckermann Arezu Z 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present a case of severe gastroparesis in a recipient of orthotopic heart transplantation. Although a rare condition after heart transplantation, it is a potential cause of significant morbidity, including vomiting, aspiration and pneumonia. Moreover, impaired gastric emptying alters the pharmacokinetics of immunosuppressive medication with increased risk of severe side effects. Herein, we describe a diagnostic and therapeutic strategy that was successfully applied in a patient with gastroparesis.
The Criminal Case Processing of Foreign Nationals in the Netherlands
Authors: Light Michael T , Wermink Hilde 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Foreign nationals are increasingly encountering the criminal justice institutions of many European countries. Yet, basic questions about how they are punished within these institutions, particularly at the early stages of case processing, remain unanswered. This article combines linked case information from arrest through sentencing with interviews of Dutch judges and prosecutors to fill this gap. Our findings reveal considerable unexplained citizenship disparities in multiple case outcomes. Compared to Dutch citizens arrested for the same crimes and with similar criminal records, foreign nationals are more likely to have their cases referred to court, to be detained, convicted, and imprisoned. The interviews identified several mechanisms that explicate these differences, including (i) annoyance when foreign nationals are perceived to be in the country for the purpose of committing crime; (ii) logistical issues when noncitizens do not have a permanent residence, and; (iii) undermining the need for reintegration because many defendants are unlikely to remain in the Netherlands.
Introducing point-of-care ultrasound in Danish general practice—elucidating the use through a medical audit
Authors: Andersen Camilla Aakjær , Frandsen Annika Kamp , Valentiner-Branth Christian , Lykkegaard Jesper , Løkkegaard Thomas , Thomsen Janus Laust , Jensen Martin Bach , Hansen Malene Plejdrup 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Point-of-care ultrasonography (PoCUS) is increasingly used across the medical field. PoCUS is also being implemented in general practice despite a lack of clinical guidelines and training programs for general practitioners (GPs).

Objectives
This study aimed to elucidate the employment of PoCUS by Danish GPs following a short training program.

Methods
Thirty GPs were enrolled in a short ultrasound training program and taught how to perform 22 selected scanning modalities. In the following 3 months, the GPs registered all performed PoCUS examinations according to the Audit Project Odense method. After 5 months, the GPs were invited to participate in an evaluation seminar, where questionnaires were distributed.

Results
During the registration period, 1598 patients were examined with PoCUS. A total of 1948 scanning modalities were registered, including 207 examinations outside the taught curriculum. The majority of the ultrasound examinations were performed within 10 minutes (89%), most were considered to be conclusive (87%) and/or to increase diagnostic certainty (67%), whereas one in four examinations entailed a change in patient management. Most GPs attending the evaluation seminar continued to use PoCUS and found the scanning modalities included in the course curriculum relevant in their daily work.

Conclusion
The GPs found several indications for performing PoCUS following the attendance of a 2-day basic training program. The majority of examinations were registered to be conclusive and/or increase diagnostic certainty. However, few GPs used PoCUS on a daily basis and not all examinations were registered to have an impact on patient care.
Prospects for antimicrobial development in the cryo-EM era – a focus on the ribosome
Authors: Herrero del Valle Alba , Innis C Axel 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
Resistance to antimicrobial drugs used to treat bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections is a major health concern requiring a coordinated response across the globe. An important aspect in the fight against antimicrobial resistance is the development of novel drugs that are effective against resistant pathogens. Drug development is a complex trans-disciplinary endeavor, in which structural biology plays a major role by providing detailed functional and mechanistic information on an antimicrobial target and its interactions with small molecule inhibitors. Although X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance have until now been the methods of choice to characterize microbial targets and drive structure-based drug development, cryo-electron microscopy is rapidly gaining ground in these areas. In this perspective, we will discuss how cryo-electron microscopy is changing our understanding of an established antimicrobial target, the ribosome, and how methodological developments could help this technique become an integral part of the antimicrobial drug discovery pipeline.
Regulatory role of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases in early immune signaling events in plants
Authors: Sun Lifan , Zhang Jie 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTReceptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) play crucial roles in regulating plant development and immunity. Conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) derived from microbes are recognized by plant pattern recognition receptors to activate PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Microbial effectors, whose initial function is to promote virulence, are recognized by plant intracellular nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) to initiate effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Both PTI and ETI trigger early immune signaling events including the production of reactive oxygen species, induction of calcium influx and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Research progress has revealed the important roles of RLCKs in the regulation of early PTI signaling. Accordingly, RLCKs are often targeted by microbial effectors that are evolved to evade PTI via diverse modulations. In some cases, modulation of RLCKs by microbial effectors triggers the activation of NLRs. This review covers the mechanisms by which RLCKs engage diverse substrates to regulate early PTI signaling and the regulatory roles of RLCKs in triggering NLR activation. Accumulating evidence suggests evolutionary links and close connections between PAMP- and effector-triggered early immune signaling that are mediated by RLCKs. As key immune regulators, RLCKs can be considered targets with broad prospects for the improvement of plant resistance via genetic engineering.
Radiological, Chemical, and Pharmacological Cholinergic System Parameters and Neurocognitive Disorders in Older Presurgical Adults
Authors: Heinrich Maria , Müller Anika , Lammers-Lietz Florian , Borchers Friedrich , Mörgeli Rudolf , Kruppa Jochen , Zacharias Norman , Winterer Georg , Slooter Arjen J C , Spies Claudia D 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
A pre-existing neurocognitive disorder (NCD) is a relevant factor for the outcome of surgical patients. To improve understanding of these conditions, we investigated the association between parameters of the cholinergic system and NCD.

Method
This investigation is part of the BioCog project (www.biocog.eu), which is a prospective multicenter observational study including patients aged 65 years and older scheduled for elective surgery. Patients with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≤23 points were excluded. Neurocognitive disorder was assessed according to the fifth Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. The basal forebrain cholinergic system volume (BFCSV) was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging, the peripheral cholinesterase (ChE) activities with point-of-care measurements, and anticholinergic load by analyzing the long-term medication with anticholinergic scales (Anticholinergic Drug Scale [ADS], Anticholinergic Risk Scale [ARS], Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden Scale [ACBS]). The associations of BFCSV, ChE activities, and anticholinergic scales with NCD were studied with logistic regression analysis, adjusting for confounding factors.

Results
A total of 797 participants (mean age 72 years, 42% females) were included. One hundred and eleven patients (13.9%) fulfilled criteria for mild NCD and 82 patients (10.3%) for major NCD criteria. We found that AcetylChE activity was associated with major NCD (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: [U/gHB] 1.061 [1.010, 1.115]), as well as ADS score ([points] 1.353 [1.063, 1.723]) or ARS score, respectively ([points] 1.623 [1.100, 2.397]) with major NCD. However, we found no association between BFCSV or ButyrylChE activity with mild or major NCD.

Conclusions
AcetylChE activity and anticholinergic load were associated with major NCD. Future research should focus on the association of the cholinergic system and the development of postoperative delirium and postoperative NCD.
Vision Impairment and Participation in Cognitively Stimulating Activities: The Health ABC Study
Authors: Varadaraj Varshini , Munoz Beatriz , Simonsick Eleanor M , Swenor Bonnielin K 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Engagement in cognitively stimulating activities is associated with decreased rates of cognitive decline in older adults. However, most cognitively stimulating tasks require good vision, potentially affecting the ability of visually impaired adults to engage in these activities. We examined the relationship between vision and participation in cognitively stimulating activities.

Method
Data from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study (1999–2005) were analyzed. Associations between visual function (visual acuity [VA], contrast sensitivity [CS], and stereo acuity [SA] impairments) and annual rates of change in number of cognitively stimulating activities (by self-report) performed at least once a month were examined.

Results
Analyses included 924 participants aged 75.2 ± 2.8 years. At baseline, impaired CS (27%) and SA (29%) were associated with participation in fewer cognitive activities (β = −0.33, 95% CI = −0.63, −0.03 and β = −0.32, 95% CI = −0.61, −0.03, respectively), while VA (8%) was not (β = −0.34, 95% CI = −0.81, 0.13). In longitudinal models, groups with and without VA, CS, and SA impairments exhibited declines in monthly cognitive activities over time. Annual rates of decline were relatively higher in the VA (β = −0.16, 95% CI = −0.26, −0.05) and CS (β = −0.14, 95% CI = −0.19, −0.09) impaired groups than observed in the respective unimpaired groups (no VA: β = −0.12, 95% CI = −0.15, −0.10; no CS: β = −0.12, 95% CI = −0.15, −0.09), but did not achieve statistical significance. Stereo acuity (β = −0.13, 95% CI = −0.17, −0.09) and no SA (β = −0.13, 95% CI = −0.16, −0.10) groups had similar rates of decline.

Conclusions
Visually impaired older adults participate in fewer cognitive activities and although participation decline is similar to the non-impaired, lower overall participation indicates a need to identify cognitively stimulating activities accessible to visually impaired older adults.
Health-Related Difficulty in Internet Use Among Older Adults: Correlates and Mediation of Its Association With Quality of Life Through Social Support Networks
Authors: Ang Shannon , Lim Emily , Malhotra Rahul 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Internet use is increasingly a necessity. However, older adults may not use the internet due to either nonhealth reasons (e.g., lack of digital literacy or internet access) or health-related reasons (e.g., visual impairment or movement difficulties). While researchers have studied internet use among older adults, most do not discriminate whether nonuse is due to health-related reasons or otherwise. We therefore examine the key correlates of health-related difficulty in internet use among older adults, and how it may affect the quality of life (QoL) through their perceived social support networks.

Research Design and Methods
Data were from a national survey of older Singaporeans (N = 3,966) conducted in 2016–2017. Multinomial logistic regression and mediation analysis were used to identify older adult subgroups more likely to experience health-related difficulty in internet use, and whether such difficulty affected older adults’ QoL through their social support networks.

Results
Those of male gender, of Malay ethnicity, with less education, and with more instrumental activity of daily living limitations were more likely to experience health-related difficulty in internet use. Social support networks mediated the relationship between health-related difficulty in internet use and QoL.

Discussion and Implications
Disparities in internet use are not just shaped by access or skill, but also health. Health-related difficulties in internet use are related to older adults’ social support networks and quality of life. As social connections become increasingly based around networked individuals due to technological advancements, more attention should be given to addressing these health-related difficulties.
The value of commercial fish size distribution recorded at haul by haul compared to trip by trip
Authors: Plet-Hansen Kristian S , Bastardie François , Ulrich Clara 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Data from commercial fishing vessels may enhance the range of observations available for monitoring the marine environment. However, effort and catch data provide information on fish distribution with a bias due to spatial targeting and selectivity. Here, we measured the shortcomings of standard fishery-dependent data and advocate for the utilization of more precise datasets indirectly collected by the commercial fishery. Data from a Danish traceability system, which records size of commercial fish at the haul level, are held against the set-up of current eLog and sales slips’ data collected for the Danish fisheries. We showed that the most accurate mapping of the spatial distribution of catches per size group is not only possible through size records collected at the haul level but also by high resolution on fishing effort data. In Europe, the regulation to land all catches with a quota or minimum size limit, including unwanted, has increased the focus on avoidance and discards; we show the potential of such data sources to inform on fish abundance and distribution, especially of importance where fishery-dependent data are the only source of information.
Research on battery pack dynamic equalization technology with improved flying capacitor
Authors: Chen Huang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Aiming at the problem that the traditional flying capacitor equalization circuit has long equilibrium time and complicated structure, based on the in-depth study of the existing capacitor equalization method, this paper proposes a bidirectional DC-DC equalization circuit topology based on switch matrix. Structure, improve circuit switch network structure, reduce the number of switches and capacitors in the circuit, simplify the equalization structure, combined with the advantages of bidirectional DC-DC converters can be used in both directions, according to the difference between the average voltage of the battery pack and the voltage of each cell. Any two cells in the battery pack areused for equalization purposes. By establishing an experimental test platform verification, the results show that the topology can reduce the equalization time under the premise of simplifying the circuit structure when equalizing any two cells.
Evaluation of an Electrochemiluminescent SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Assay
Authors: Lau C S , Hoo S P , Yew S F , Ong S K , Lum L T , Heng P Y , Tan J G , Wong M S , Aw T C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Little is known about the performance of the Roche novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody (anti-SARS-CoV-2) assay. We provide an extensive evaluation of this fully automated assay on Cobas e801/e602 immunoassay analyzers.

Methods
We assessed the linearity, precision, and throughput of the Roche anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay. Sensitivity was calculated from 349 SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive samples; specificity was determined from 715 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-naive samples. We examined cross-reactivity against other antibody positive samples [syphilis, rheumatoid factor (RF), antinuclear antibody (ANA), double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA), influenza, dengue, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV)] and the anti-SARS-CoV-2 kinetics.

Results
The assay cut-off index (COI) was linear up to 90.8. The interassay precision was 2.9% for a negative control (COI = 0.1) and 5.1% for a positive control (COI = 3.0). Assay time is 18 min and results are available 1 min later; throughput for 300 samples was 76 min. Only 1 case positive for HBsAg tested falsely positive; specificity was 99.9%. The assay has a sensitivity of 97.1% 14 days after PCR positivity (POS) and 100% at ≥21 days POS; 48.2% of cases had anti-SARS-CoV-2 within 6 days POS. In 11 patients in whom serum was available prior to a positive antibody signal (COI ≥1.0) the interval between the last negative and first positive COI (time to “seroconversion”) on average is 3 days (range 1–6 days) and 4 more days (range 1–7) for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 to plateau.

Conclusion
The Roche anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay shows excellent performance with minimal cross-reactivity from other viral and confounding antibodies. Antibody development and seroconversion appears quite early.
Representation of EHR data for predictive modeling: a comparison between UMLS and other terminologies
Authors: Rasmy Laila , Tiryaki Firat , Zhou Yujia , Xiang Yang , Tao Cui , Xu Hua , Zhi Degui 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Objective
Predictive disease modeling using electronic health record data is a growing field. Although clinical data in their raw form can be used directly for predictive modeling, it is a common practice to map data to standard terminologies to facilitate data aggregation and reuse. There is, however, a lack of systematic investigation of how different representations could affect the performance of predictive models, especially in the context of machine learning and deep learning.

Materials and Methods
We projected the input diagnoses data in the Cerner HealthFacts database to Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) and 5 other terminologies, including CCS, CCSR, ICD-9, ICD-10, and PheWAS, and evaluated the prediction performances of these terminologies on 2 different tasks: the risk prediction of heart failure in diabetes patients and the risk prediction of pancreatic cancer. Two popular models were evaluated: logistic regression and a recurrent neural network.

Results
For logistic regression, using UMLS delivered the optimal area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) results in both dengue hemorrhagic fever (81.15%) and pancreatic cancer (80.53%) tasks. For recurrent neural network, UMLS worked best for pancreatic cancer prediction (AUROC 82.24%), second only (AUROC 85.55%) to PheWAS (AUROC 85.87%) for dengue hemorrhagic fever prediction.

Discussion/Conclusion
In our experiments, terminologies with larger vocabularies and finer-grained representations were associated with better prediction performances. In particular, UMLS is consistently 1 of the best-performing ones. We believe that our work may help to inform better designs of predictive models, although further investigation is warranted.