bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Evaluation of Topical Hydrogel Formulation of Aceclofenac for Improved Therapy
Authors: Singh Vinita , Chaubey Neelesh 
Published: October 2019

Aceclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. In order to decrease the gastric ulcerogenic effects, aceclofenac hydrogel have been developed. Topical gel preparations are intended for skin application or to certain mucosal surfaces for local action or transdermal penetration of medicament or for their emollient or protective action. Topical delivery of drugs can be achieved by incorporating drug into the gel matrix for effective delivery of drugs, thus avoiding first pass metabolism and for increased local action in pain management and skin diseases. NSAID’s are non-steroidal drugs having excellent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity but NSAID’s produces GIT ulceration, liver and kidney trouble especially in case of oral administration. In view of adverse drug reaction associated with oral formulations, many NSAID’s are increasingly administered by topical route. Hydrophilic polymers like Guar gum and Carbopol 940 of varying concentrations were used in an attempt to develop topical hydrogel formulations of aceclofenac. Evaluation tests for visual appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, assay, in vitro drug release were carried out. In vitro diffusion study was carried out in a Franz diffusion cell using cellophane membrane. No prominent changes in physicochemical properties of formulation were observed after exposure to accelerated conditions of temperature (40 ± 2oC) and humidity conditions (75 ± 5%RH). The gel formulation consisting of 1% w/v Guar gum 1% w/v Carbopol 940 at 1:1 ratio was found to be suitable for topical application based on in vitro evaluation. These results suggest the feasibility of the topical gel formulation of aceclofenac.
Keywords: Aceclofenac, Guar gum, Carbopol 940, Topical hydrogel, Franz diffusion cell
Islamic Theology as Modern-Day Subject of Study: Secular and Religious Aspects
Authors: Yuzeev A. N. 
Published: October 2019

The Tatar thinker Sh. Marjani’s basic ideas on the origin of the world were outlined in his several works: “Haqq al-Bayan … (True Explanation …)”; “Kitab al-Hikma al-baliga …” (The Book of Mature Philosophy…), “Kitab al-Azb al-Furat wa-l-ma al-zulal …» (The Book About Fresh, Refreshing, Spring Water…) and “Risala bi al-tariq al-musli …” (A Treatise Worthy of Imitation…). Basically following the beliefs of falasifa on the eternal creation of the world, criticizing some ideas of the mutakallims concerning relationship between God and His attributes, Marjani has developed his own theory of the world origin. He affirmed that only God, who is true eternal as well as simultaneously transcendent and immanent to the ﬁnite world, creates it eternally, as the falasifa had understood it earlier.
Abu Muslim in Cultural Memory of the Dagestan Muslims
Authors: Bobrovnikov V. O. 
Published: October 2019

The article investigates cultural memory of a very long islamization happened in the Caucasus from the 7th through the beginning of the 19th centuries as it was reﬂected in the cult of Muslim saints, namely in the case of sheikh Abu Muslim who is believed to have converted Caucasus highlanders into Islam in the early Islamic period. His name appears in countless chronicles and memorials. The sheikh, his relatives and companions are credited with dozens of shrines. The study is based on the texts of Arabiclanguage chronicles and commemorative notes (tawarikh), compared with the data of epigraphy and ﬁeld materials of the author he collected mainly inDagestan. After the works of Russian classics in Islamic studies from Kazembek to Bartold and M.-S. Saidov nobody confuses this hero of Caucasus Islamization with the famous religious leader from Khurasan who helped the ‘Abbasids to seize power in the Caliphate in the middle of the eighth century and was never to theCaucasus. However, as the author argues, one should not deny his existence and therefore reject his cult as an odd historical mistake. A comparative analysis of the chronicles, memorials, and oral traditions devoted to his deeds suggests that different Islamic missionaries of foreign and local origin fused in the ﬁgure of Abu Muslim. A study of his cult in terms of cultural memory allows answering a number of important research questions concerning main stages and actors of Islamization in the Caucasusho operated in the region under study from the Middle Ages through the modern times, its social and cultural background as well as changing directions and networks.
An Educational Framework for Healthcare Facility Management: Preparing Future Professionals
Authors: Call Steven , Sullivan Kenneth 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose—
The purpose of this research is to better understand learning outcomes essential for college students to be effective entry-level healthcare facility managers, establishing a healthcare FM education framework to further open FM academic programs as a sustainable source of new talent for the healthcare FM industry.

Design/methodology/approach—
A Delphi method was used for this research to draw upon the collective knowledge and experience of 13 experts over three iterative rounds of input. Phone interviews were also employed.

Findings—
This study shows that gaps exist in student learning outcomes for a comprehensive healthcare FM education; key technical topics specific to the healthcare industry are not being addressed by organizations accrediting construction and facility management academic programs. Many of these student learning outcomes could be readily combined into existing learning outcomes or used to develop a comprehensive healthcare FM education covering accreditation, regulatory and code compliance, infection control, systems in healthcare facilities, healthcare construction project management and methods, and clinical operations and medical equipment. Interestingly, academics in the field of FM generally disagree with industry professionals that these technical topics are important student learning outcomes. Consequently, FM academics prefer to teach students general FM principles with the expectation that specific technical knowledge will be gained in the workplace after graduation from college. Nevertheless, candidates attempting to enter healthcare FM without industry specific knowledge are disadvantaged due to industry perceptions and expectations. University-industry linkage must be improved to successfully attract students into the field of healthcare FM and open colleges and universities as a sustainable recruitment source in helping address FM attrition.

Originality/value—
This paper is valuable in establishing a healthcare FM education framework to elucidate college student learning outcomes upon graduation for successful employment as an entry-level healthcare facility manager. These student learning outcomes provide a framework for healthcare FM education to be used by industry and academia in preparing future professionals.
Análisis del sistema de compensación de las Microempresas ubicadas en la carrera 17 entre calles 35 y 39 de los Barrios Santa Helena y Madrigal de la Ciudad de Villavicencio por Kent Hurtado – Ángela Rey – Tania Rios – Dagoberto Torres
Authors: Hurtado Ramírez Kent Northon , Rey Plazas Angela Paola , Ríos Reyes Tania Lorena , Torres-Flórez Dagoberto 
Published: October 2019

El siguiente estudio, se realizó con el fin de investigar y conocer cómo están compuestos los sistemas de compensación, utilizados en las microempresas del sector de la carrera 17 entre calles 35 y 39 de los barrios Santa Helena y Madrigal de la ciudad de Villavicencio, ya que durante los últimos años se ha presentado un incremento considerable de los establecimientos comerciales en ese sector. Según las estadísticas suministradas por La Cámara de Comercio de Villavicencio (2010), en el año 2010 se constituyó el mayor número de sociedades comerciales de los últimos tres años en la ciudad, al registrar 632 nuevas empresas. Teniendo en cuenta la fundamentación teórica de los componentes básicos de un sistema de compensaciones, se procedió a diseñar un instrumento teniendo en cuenta los componentes de la teoría, con el propósito de poder establecer el análisis. El instrumento escogido fue una encuesta segmentada en dos partes la primera donde se establecieron preguntas de censo de población y la segunda donde se establecieron los componentes dados en la teoría. Se culminó con el procesamiento de la información, la obtención de resultados y el análisis de los componentes presentes en los sistemas de compensación usados en estas microempresas, y la comparación frente a lo que la fundamentación teórica estipula.
El software libre como una herramienta para el emprendimiento de base tecnológica en el departamento del Meta – por Jorge García y María Paula Estupiñan
Authors: García Álvarez Jorge , Estupiñán Tiuso Maria Paula 
Published: October 2019

El uso de software libre en diferentes sectores productivos, ha generado una gran oportunidad para las empresas para adaptar los modelos y políticas de negocio en los entornos de desarrollo tecnológico y competitividad empresarial, con el fin de mejorar su productividad y lograr ventajas competitivas que le permitan interactuar efectivamente en el mercado nacional e internacional. Sin embargo, el Estado atendiendo a las recomendaciones dispuestas por la UNESCO, en donde se promueve al software libre por impulsar a la denominada revolución de conocimiento abierto, ha cambiado los paradigmas de crecimiento de la mayoría de sectores empresariales. (Escalante, 2009) Esta afirmación, es evidenciada por Rappa(2001) y Rayport(1999) al indicar que debido a la variedad de herramientas tecnológicas para el desarrollo de software y al no existir esquemas de producción orientados al software libre, no se han definido las condiciones de los modelos de negocio existentes, por lo cual, empresas dedicadas a esta actividad desconocen oportunidades en la industria nacional del software libre (INSL). Según Escalante & García, los modelos de negocios derivados de la transformación en los entornos de desarrollo de aplicaciones, se considera uno de los temas de mayor importancia para el sector empresarial, debido a que los nuevos desarrollos bajo código abierto han transformado la forma tradicional de hacer negocios, incluso clasificándolo en un modelo no comercial aún en estudio; sin embargo, la verdadera preocupación del sector industrial del software es la poca evidencia del cómo se ha transformado y las acciones que deben tomarse al respecto.
Formatting Of Religious Attitude Of Hindu Bali Youth In The Context Of Religion Conversion (Ethnopedagogy Study in Taro Tegalalang Village, Gianyar)
Authors: Suwardani Ni Putu , Paramartha Wayan , Indiani Ni Made 
Published: October 2019

<p><em>Nowdays, coversion of religion is popular issue to discuss especially for Hindus in Bali as well as outside Bali. This paper conveys some alternatives of how to stay in our religion namely Hindu. There fore the purpose of this study, to analyze: (1) Reasons for the importance of the formation of religious attitudes of Hindu youth in Taro Village; (2) Strategies for the formation of religious attitudes of Hindu youth in Taro Village; and (3) Implications for the formation of Hindu teenage religious attitudes towards religious knowledge, religious beliefs, and religious behavior. Theories used as scalpel are: phenomenological theory, constructivist theory, and eclectic theory of behavior. This research is classified as a qualitative research, with a multiperspective approach namely theological, phenomenological, psychological and ethnopedagogical. Data collection techniques with unstructured interviews, non-participation, observation, and study of documents. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive techniques, the Miles and Hubeman cycle analysis models. Conclusions: (1) Reasons for the importance of forming religious attitudes of Hindu youth in Taro Village: increasing religious knowledge, suppressing religious fanaticism, forming religious tolerance, and making children morally noble; (2) Strategies for the formation of religious attitudes of Hindu youth in Taro Village, by: providing examples and modelling through a persuasive approach, by creating a religious atmosphere, by internalizing religious values, by habituation, and cooperation with partners. (3) Implications for the formation of religious attitudes: implications for increasing understanding of religion, strengthening of faith / belief (sraddha and bhakti) in religion, and religious behavior becoming more mature, religion becoming an attitude of life.</em><em></em></p>
Ontologia cudu, egzegeza pytajnika i inne inspiracje z polsko-niemieckich miast podzielonych - jako pokłosie lektury monografii wrocławskich socjolożek pogranicza
Authors: Dębicki Marcin 
Published: October 2019

Artykuł koncentruje się na niedawno wydanej książce poświęconej fragmentom pogranicza polsko-niemieckiego: Cud pogranicza? Zgorzelczanie, gubinianie i słubiczanie o życiu w miastach podzielonych. Jest to analiza porównawcza tego, jak transgraniczny wymiar życia w tych miastach jest portretowany przez ich mieszkańców. Książka jest oparta na empirycznych badaniach przeprowadzonych w tych miastach przez autorki (Kamillę Dolińską, Julitę Makaro i Natalię Niedźwiecką-Iwańczak – wrocławskie socjolożki) w latach 2010–2015.
Należy podkreślić, że artykuł nie jest zwykłą recenzją. Poza jej „tradycyjnymi” elementami, zawiera on bowiem komentarze na temat socjologii pogranicza i rozważania dotyczące pogranicza i relacji polsko-niemieckich. W ten sposób dochodzimy do centralnej części tekstu, tj. ontologii cudu, który wydarzył się (lub nie) w owych trzech miastach podzielonych tego pogranicza. Taka mieszana natura artykułu skutkuje jego nietypową strukturą, jako że nie stawiam w nim hipotez, a moja metoda badawcza sprowadza się do odniesienia ustaleń autorek do literatury przedmiotu oraz mojej własnej wiedzy na temat badanej rzeczywistości.
W artykule zajmuję się naturą cudu zasygnalizowanego w tytule książki, a także pytajnika, którym opatrzono frazę „cud pogranicza”. W konkluzji przychylam się do stanowiska autorek, które piszą, że obecnie nie można jednoznacznie stwierdzić, że cud ów wydarzył się w badanych miastach. Jednocześnie zaakcentowałbym mocniej, że odległość, która dzieli stan obecny oraz rzeczony cud, jest mniejsza, niż się wydaje. Poza tym uwypukliłbym, że lepiej byłoby tu mówić o cudzie normalności niż po prostu o cudzie. Ostatecznie jednak podkreślam, że książka znacząco poszerza naszą wiedzę na temat transgranicznego aspektu życia w polsko-niemieckich miastach podzielonych, a moje uwagi sygnalizują raczej nieco inne rozłożenie akcentów niż rzeczywistą korektę.
Assessment of comparative bioavailability of Itraconazole capsule 100 mg under fasting conditions by average bioequivalence (ABE), population bioequivalence (PBE) and individual bioequivalence (IBE) approaches
Authors: Francis Micheal  , Balamurali MM  , Mohanlal Sayana  , Rajendra Prasad M  
Published: October 2019

The assessment of interchangeability (prescribability and switchability) is one of the debatable topics in the generic drug industry. Currently, the question is whether we have an adequate assessment system for the evaluation of generic drug products. The objective of the study is to assess the comparative oral bioavailability of Itraconazole capsule 100mg after administering single dose to adult, healthy, human subjects in fasted state by different bioequivalence approaches like average bioequivalence (ABE), population bioequivalence (PBE) and individual bioequivalence (IBE) and to monitor the safety of study subjects. An open-label, balanced, randomized, two-treatment, two-sequence, four-period, crossover, single-dose comparative oral bioavailability study was conducted in sixteen healthy, adult, human subjects in a fasted state. Test formulation, Itraconazole capsule 100mg, and reference formulation, SPORANOX® (Itraconazole) capsule 100mg, were administered in a fasted state. The test formulation, Itraconazole capsule 100mg, showed bio-inequivalent against reference SPORANOX® (Itraconazole) capsule 100mg in study subjects under a fasted state. Also, the test formulation exhibited a similar safety and tolerability profile compared to the reference formulation. There was no report of serious adverse events (SAEs) and deaths in the study. The test formulation was found to be bio-inequivalent to reference formulation in the study subjects under a fasted state by estimating different bioequivalence approaches like average bioequivalence, population bioequivalence, and individual bioequivalence.
Pemasaran Dan Keunggulan Bersaing (Studi Perusahaan Finance di Wonogiri)
Authors: Haryanto Aris Tri 
Published: October 2019

Orientasi pasar merupakan budaya organisasi yang paling efektif dan efisien dalam menciptakan perilaku yang diperlukan untuk penciptaan nilai unggul bagi pelanggan sehingga dapat menghasilkan kinerja bisnis yang unggul secara berkesinambungan. Intensitas kompetisi atau intensitas persaingan di pasar dapat mendorong perusahaan untuk mengupayakan inovasi yang tinggi guna meraih keunggulan yang kompetitif yang berkelanjutan atas pesaingnya. Melalui intensitas persaingan, perusahaan akan dapat menghasilkan kinerja pemasaran yang optimal. Intensitas persaingan dapat dipengaruhi kondisi orientasi pasar. Intensitas persaingan dapat meningkatkan kinerja pemasaran maupun keunggulan bersaing. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi populasi adalah seluruh pimpinan perusahaan finance atau yang mewakili di Wonogiri yang berjumlah 50 orang. Jumlah sampel penelitian ini sejumlah 50 yang berarti seluruh anggota populasi dijadikan sebagai sampel, sehingga penelitiannya merupakan penelitian populasi. Orientasi pasar berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap intensitas persaingan. Orientasi pasar berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pemasaran intensitas persaingan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja pemasaran. Orientasi pasar berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keunggulan bersaing. Intensitas persaingan berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap keunggulan bersaing.
Dynamics of Maturity of Muslim People of Probo As The Minority in Christian Surroundings
Authors: Fadhilah Ningsih , Khasanah Uswatun 
Published: October 2019

Religious maturity is a person's ability to understand, live, and apply the noble values ​​of religion he embraces in everyday life. If religious maturity has existed in a person, then all his deeds and religious behavior are always taken seriously and nurtured on a sense of responsibility rather than on the basis of mimicry and merely follow-up. Therefore in Muslim minority society, religious maturity is very important as a defensive fortress against the efforts of Christianization in the region. The main objective of this research is to increase the maturity of Muslim minorities through the counseling strategy of Islam. So the purpose of this research is to find out the religious maturity of minority Muslim community of Purbo Hamlet before and after being given counseling service of Islamic counseling through religious guidance and to know the effectiveness of the strategy of Islamic counseling guidance through religious activities as media of da'wah towards increasing of religious maturity of Muslim minority of Purbo Hamlet Jolotigo Village. This research is an experiment, using quantitative approach with pre-experimental research type and research model one group pre-test post-test design. Two measurements were conducted on aspects of religious maturity, i.e. pre-test and post-test or before and after the counseling service of Islamic counseling. The subjects of 73 household heads and samples taken were 20 persons. The instrument used is to use a questionnaire covering 5 aspects; differentiation, dynamic character, moral consistency, integral and integral heuristics. Research data are also taken through interviews, observation and documentation. The result of this study concluded that: (1) the maturity of the minority Muslims before treatment had the average score of pre-test 74.6, meaning the religious maturity of the Muslim minority family was "less"; (2) the maturity of minority Muslims after the treatment of the score increased in the post test of 85.4, including the category "fair"; (3) counseling strategy of Islamic counseling through religious coaching has proved effective in increasing the maturity of the minority Moslems, seen in the probability value below 0,05 (0.0005 <0,05).
Velayet, Hicret ve Nifak Bağlamında İrtidat
Authors: KILINÇLI Sami 
Published: October 2019

Kur’ân’la ilgili yapılan bazı çalışmalarda konular ya belli kökten türeyen kelimeler veya konunun bir kısmına işaret eden sadece bir kelime ile sınırlı, parçacı bir şekilde yapılmaktadır. Arıca bazı araştırmalarda nüzul süreci, ortamı ve siyer kaynaklarında aktarılan bilgiler de ihmal edilebilmektedir. Konular eksik çalışıldığı için ulaşılan sonuçlarda doğal olarak eksik olmaktadır. İrtidat konusu da bu tür konulardan biridir. Konunun hicret, nifak, velâyet gibi Kur’ân’ın önemli konularıyla çok ciddi bağlantısı olduğu halde ilgili çalışmalar sınırlı sayıda âyet üzerinden yapılmıştır. Bundan dolayı bazı naslardan hareketle mürtedin öldürülmesi ve öldürülmemesi konusu yeteri kadar ikna edici bir tarzda izah edilememiştir. Eksik yaklaşımdan dolayı bu konuda Kur’ân ile hadisler arasında çelişki varmış gibi bir algı da oluşabilmektedir.İrtidat konusu hicret, velâyet ve nifak bağlamında ele alındığında irtidat eden ve fiili olarak İslâm düşmanlarının safına geçenlerin, Müslümanları aldatmak isteyenlerin nerede olursa olsun öldürülmesinin emredildiği anlaşılmaktadır. Nitekim Bedir savaşında müşrik ordusunda bulunanlar da öldürülmüşlerdi. Aynı şekilde İslâm düşmanlarının safına geçmeyen ve hem Müslümanlar hem de düşmanlarla savaşmak istemeyen mürtetlere de dokunulmasının yasaklandığı anlaşılmaktadır. Günümüzde tefsir ilmi bazılarınca rivâyetlere başvurmadan da yapılabilecek bir ilmî faaliyet olarak algılanıp, savunulsa da aslında geleneğimizde de izah edildiği gibi bu ilim dil ve tarih/rivâyetler üzerine kuruludur. Kur’ân’ı anlamak için yola çıkanların rivâyetlerle yüzleşmesi, ihtilaflı nakiller arasında nüzul-siret temelli tercihlerde bulunması gerekmektedir.
The influence of the probiotic “Active East” on the digestibility of nutrients, morphological and biochemical blood parameters of young pigs
Authors: Moskalenko Sergey Petrovich , Belov Roman Phedorovich 
Published: October 2019

The results of the experiment on feeding the probiotic “Active East” to young fattening pigs are presented. Its inclusion in the diet of animals stimulated an increase in the digestibility of the main nutrients of the diet while increasing the gross and average daily gain in live weight. The use of a probiotic preparation did not adversely affect the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood.