bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rectal Prolapse in Children
Authors: Cares Kristen , Klein Michael , Thomas Ron , El‐Baba Mohammad 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBackground:Rectal prolapse is a protrusion of rectal mucosa through the anal sphincter. Although uncommon, it is seen more often in children, younger than 4 years of age. The last data analysis of rectal prolapse and its clinical characteristics in children was performed over 30 years ago. Since that time, many medical advances have occurred that may alter our workup and management of this disease in children. We performed a chart review to reassess the clinical characteristics of rectal prolapse and its management.Methods:This was a retrospective descriptive analysis study, assessing children less than 18 years of age that were diagnosed with rectal prolapse from 1999 to 2014 at a single tertiary care center. The onset of presentation, demographics, etiology, clinical characteristics, and management were analyzed.Results:A total of 158 patients were diagnosed with rectal prolapse, with mean age of onset being 3 years. Constipation was the leading cause, with straining being the most common complaint. Stool consistencies with constipation varied. Many patients diagnosed with idiopathic recurrent rectal prolapse had either a social stressor or were described as having unusual behaviors associated with prolapse. Cystic fibrosis was only diagnosed in 4 patients. Thirty‐four patients (22%) required surgical correction.Conclusions:Constipation remains the main cause of rectal prolapse. Cystic fibrosis is no longer a common etiology for rectal prolapse, because of the implementation of newborn screening. Patients with social stressors or atypical behavior may be at risk for recurrent rectal prolapse.
Assessing Parents’ Needs in Using Phone Applications to Improve Medication Adherence in an Outpatient Pediatric Oncology Clinic
Authors: Khafagy Rana , Gibson Paul , Reniers Denise , Patel Serina 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Poor adherence in pediatric oncology leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Currently used medication reminder aids have shown little to no benefit in improving adherence. Phone applications (apps) have demonstrated improved adherence in recent studies involving the adult and pediatric patients. At this time, no pediatric oncology center is recommending a particular phone app.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of parents of pediatric oncology patients interested in using a phone app for medication reminders and desired features.

Methods:
In this single-center observational trial, 45 questionnaires were completed by parents accompanying their child at a pediatric oncology center. See Supplemental Digital Content 1 (http://links.lww.com/JPHO/A327) for a copy of the questionnaire. Participants had a child on active cancer treatment and were able to read and write English. Primary outcomes included a number of parents currently using a phone app, the number of parents interested in using a phone app, main reasons for not using a phone app and desired phone app features.

Results:
Overall, 95.6% of parents had never used a phone app to aid in medication adherence. Over 85% of these parents were highly interested in using a phone app, but most were not aware of available phone apps to use (57.1%). Desired features included: refill notifications, tracking doses administered, personalizable medication schedule, free of charge, no advertisements, ability to input special instructions, use on multiple devices, unique alarms, tracking child’s results, and privacy protection.

Conclusions:
A majority of parents at an outpatient pediatric oncology clinic were interested in using a phone app to assist in medication adherence but were unaware of an available phone app. An ideal criteria list was created with 10 desired features to evaluate available phone apps that may be recommended for this population. Further studies are needed to evaluate if phone apps recommended by this tool improve adherence.
Clinical Profile and Microbiologic Spectrum of Febrile Neutropenic Episodes in Children With Severe Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Samanta Arghya , Chandra Jagdish , Kaur Ravinder , Anand Rama , Shukla Shailaja , Mandal Piali 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a common life-threatening complication in patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). However, few studies have examined the spectrum of infections in FN in patients with SAA, especially in children. Therefore, the current study was planned to study the clinicomicrobiologic profile of FN episodes in these children.

Materials and Methods:
Data of 38 episodes of FN that occurred in 31 children with SAA from November 2015 to April 2017 were collected prospectively and analyzed.

Results:
FN episodes occurred more frequently (54.8%) in patients on immunosuppressive therapy. Clinically documented infections accounted for 21 (55.26%) episodes, microbiologically documented infections for 15 (39.47%), bacteremia for 13 (34.21%), and invasive fungal diseases for 6 (15.78%) episodes. Among clinically documented infections, the lower respiratory tract was the commonest site in 23.68% episodes, followed by skin and soft tissue infections. No focus of infection could be identified in 12 (31.57%) episodes. Gram-negative bacteria (71.42%) were the predominant isolates (commonest Klebsiella pneumoniae) over Gram-positive bacteria (commonest coagulase-negative Staphylococcus). High prevalence of aminoglycoside, piperacillin-tazobactam, and carbapenem resistance was noted among Gram-negative organisms. Gram-positive organisms showed excellent sensitivity to vancomycin, linezolid, and clindamycin. The overall mortality rate was 42%.

Conclusions:
Empirical antimicrobial therapy should include adequate coverage for Gram-negative pathogens. The antimicrobial regimen should be modified according to the results of the culture and sensitivity testing.
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Epidemiology in Children From 2 Socioeconomic Regions in Mexico: 20-Year Registry (1996-2015)
Authors: Rendón-Macías Mario Enrique , Riojas-Garza Alberto , Pachuca-Vazquez Adriana , Martínez-Ezquerro José Darío , Fajardo-Gutiérrez Arturo 
Published: November 2019

Purpose:
We analyzed the epidemiologic characteristics of different types of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL), excluding Burkitt Lymphoma, in 2 Mexican regions with different socioeconomic status.

Materials and Methods:
In this surveillance study, we analyzed the incidence rates (cases per million children/year) of different types of NHL according to the ICCC3, registered in 1996-2015, from 2 different socioeconomic regions in Mexico: central and southern, with higher and lower status, respectively.

Results:
The principal NHL subgroups were precursor (IIb1), mature B cell (IIb2), mature T/NK cell, and no other specification (NOS; 42.3%, 15.8%, 14.1%, and 27.8%, respectively). In both regions, the overall incidence rates were similar (central=5.3, 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.6-6.1 vs. southern=6.3, 95% CI, 4.6-8.4); also, there were no differences by types (precursor cell LNH, 2.3 vs. 2.5; mature B cell, 0.9 vs. 0.8; mature T/NK cells, 0.8 vs. 0.8; and NOS, 1.4 vs. 2.3). In both regions, a decreasing trend was found (central= −0.17%, 95% CI, −0.03 to −0.3, P=0.04; southern= −0.32%, 95% CI, −0.07 to −0.57, P=0.02), with major reduction of NHL NOS from 1996 to 2000. In both regions, men predominated (2.1:1).

Conclusions:
Socioeconomic status did not influence the incidence rates of NHL. In this study, we found a reduction of NHL NOS, possibly due to better typing.
Association of Suicide Attempt With Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Adolescents
Authors: Sari Seda Aybuke , Kara Ahu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore the potential pathophysiological relationship between suicide attempts and Toxoplasma gondii infection. Fifty patients aged between 12 and 18 years who attempted suicide and 50 healthy adolescents were included in this study. All adolescents were evaluated by a child psychiatrist using a semistructured interview and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment. T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies of patients and control subjects were analyzed from blood samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Psychiatric disorders particularly mood disorders were more common in adolescents in the patient group. Adolescents attempting suicide were found to have worse relationships with their parents; their CDI scores were higher, and their RSES scores were lower than their healthy peers. There were no significant differences between the patient and the control groups in terms of Toxoplasma IgG antibody positivity. Although the seropositivity of Toxoplasma IgG antibody was higher in the patient group than that in the control group, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant.
Self-Reported Medication and Recreational Drug Effectiveness in Maladaptive Daydreaming
Authors: Ross Colin A. , West Melina , Somer Eli 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Maladaptive daydreaming is a proposed disorder characterized by excessive daydreaming that causes subjective distress and/or interferes with function. The daydreaming involves complex inner worlds, characters, and plots that are understood by the person as fantasy, and the daydreaming may occupy many hours per day. The disorder has good reliability and validity in studies using a structured interview and a self-report measure developed for it. To date, no information on the responses of maladaptive daydreamers to either recreational or prescription drugs has been available. The authors obtained survey data from 202 participants who completed the Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale-16. The results indicated that this population has tried many different recreational drugs and has been prescribed many different psychotropic medications. Most of the participants reported little to no effect of drugs or medications on daydreaming, although tentative recommendations can be made in favor of prescribing antidepressants and against the use of marijuana for individuals with maladaptive daydreaming.
The Impact of Patients' and Therapists' Views of the Therapeutic Alliance on Treatment Outcome in Psychotherapy
Authors: Tschuschke Volker , Koemeda-Lutz Margit , von Wyl Agnes , Crameri Aureliano , Schulthess Peter 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article reports about the role of psychotherapists in creating a good enough therapeutic alliance as the basic task for other therapeutic factors come into play. Data from a naturalistic study involving 237 patients treated by 68 psychotherapists using 10 different psychotherapy approaches were analyzed in a process-outcome research design. The results show that therapists had to adapt their alliance perspectives to patients' level of alliance ratings as treatments progressed. Treatment concepts did not play a role in outcome. The view of a similar quality of the therapeutic alliance seems to be an indispensable precondition for favorable treatment outcomes. Successful treatments were conducted more often by therapists who showed significant convergence of alliance ratings over time, whereas discrepant alliance ratings correlated significantly with unsuccessful treatments.
Recruitment of Older Kidney Transplant Recipients to a Longitudinal Study
Authors: O’Brien Tara , Russell Cynthia L. , AlKahlout Noor , Rosenthal Anna , Meyer Tess , Tan Alai , Daloul Reem , Hathaway Donna 
Published: November 2019

Background
Currently, limited information is available regarding selection of the most successful strategies for recruitment of older adult kidney transplant recipients as research participants.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore multiple modes of recruitment strategies to enroll older kidney transplant recipients in a 1-year longitudinal study.

Methods
We used a feasibility design to explore the following recruitment methods: face-to-face contact in the transplant clinic, paper flyers placed in the transplant clinic, Facebook, an online transplant newsletter, and a university website listing of research studies.

Results
Enrollment was open for 9 months, during which time websites and the Facebook portal were active, 142 newsletters were e-mailed, and 424 patients were approached in the transplant clinic. Among patients approached in the clinic, 12 did not own a smartphone required for the study. The sample consisted of 60 participants (39 men, 21 women), with a mean age of 64.5 ± 4.7 years. Of the participants who enrolled in the study, the largest number (75%, n = 45) was recruited using the face-to-face method in the transplant clinic. The online transplant newsletter was the second-best recruitment source (18%, n = 11).

Discussion
Recruitment strategies using face-to-face contact and the online newsletter associated with the transplant clinic organization appeared to be more effective than strategies not associated with the transplant clinic (Facebook and university website). Findings suggest that using a familiar organization communication method to recruit older chronic disease population may be the most beneficial.
A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Migraine-Related Disability in CADASIL
Authors: Goldstein Eric D. , Badi Mohammed K. , Klaas James P. , Glover Patrick , Rozen Todd D. , Huang Josephine F. , Lin Michelle P. , Meschia James F. 
Published: November 2019

Objectives:
Cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is inherited microangiopathy characterized by recurrent subcortical infarcts. A majority of those with CADASIL report coexistent migraine with aura. The authors aim to quantitatively describe migraine-related disability within a CADASIL cohort.

Methods:
A cross-sectional analysis was performed in a cohort of CADASIL. The Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) quantified migraine-related disability. Further metrics obtained include first and last migraine, aura semiology, and therapeutic measures.

Results:
Twenty-four individuals were included [63% (15/24) female individuals; mean age, 56 y; range, 34 to 81 y]. Fifty-four percent (13/24) reported migraine, whereas 46% (11/24) reporting varying degrees of migraine-related disability. MIDAS Questionnaire scores appeared bimodal: 58% (14/24) scored 0 to 5, 7% (1/24) scored 6 to 10, 7% (1/24) scored 11 to 20 and 33% (8/24) scored over 20. Severe disability was associated with the multiplicity of aura semiologies and poor response to pharmacologic prophylaxis.

Conclusions:
A bimodal distribution of migraine-related disability was observed. A third of individuals had a severe disability and appeared medically refractory to medical migraine prophylactic measures. This study may serve as a reference point for future trials quantitatively gauging response of novel migraine treatment strategies within this unique population.
Syphilis-Associated Acute Renal Failure and Hepatitis in the Setting of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection
Authors: Sciaudone Michael , Rutstein Sarah E. , Farel Claire E. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Two individuals with human immunodeficiency virus presented in acute renal failure with nephrotic range proteinuria and were diagnosed with secondary syphilis. One of them also had elevated transaminases. Kidney biopsies revealed membranous nephropathy, a rare complication of secondary syphilis, in both cases. Normal hepatic and renal function were restored after treatment with penicillin.
Acceptability of Using Geosocial Networking Applications for HIV/Sexually Transmitted Disease Partner Notification and Sexual Health Services
Authors: Contesse Marielle Goyette , Fredericksen Rob J. , Wohlfeiler Dan , Hecht Jen , Kachur Rachel , Strona F.V. , Katz David A. 
Published: November 2019

Background
Geosocial networking (GSN) app use among men who have sex with men (MSM) has presented new opportunities for increasing the reach and efficiency of sexual health interventions but also poses challenges to HIV/sexually transmitted disease partner notification. Understanding MSM's attitudes toward app-based preventive sexual health services can help inform their development and delivery.

Methods
We recruited US MSM who had met a sex partner on GSN apps in the last year to participate in an online survey assessing acceptability and preferences regarding app-based partner notification, health department presence, and sexual health services. Three app-based notification strategies were presented: sending notification messages through participant's/partner's app profile, health department app profile, or in-app anonymous messaging.

Results
Of 791 respondents, a majority (70%) preferred to be notified by their partner directly; however, most would get tested if notified by health department profile (95%) or anonymous in-app message (85%). Given the options provided, 50% preferred notifying a partner using their own profile, 26% with health department assistance, and 24% via in-app anonymous message. A majority (71%) were comfortable notifying a partner through a health department profile, and 74% were comfortable using in-app anonymous messaging. Most participants (82%) were comfortable with health departments having app profiles to provide sexual health services.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that GSN app–based partner notification and sexual health services would be used by and are acceptable to US MSM. Partnering with app companies to integrate these services and increase access to public health programs has potential to improve MSM sexual health.
Addressing Neisseria gonorrhoeae Treatment Resistance With the DNA Gyrase A Assay: An Economic Study, United States
Authors: Wynn Adriane , Klausner Jeffrey D. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Targeted antibiotics could delay emergence of resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The DNA gyrase subunit A assay predicts susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. A model found that adding a $50 gyrase subunit A test for asymptomatic patients screened for N. gonorrhoeae resulted in cost neutrality. When ciprofloxacin susceptibility was high, a $114 test resulted in savings.
Could Intensive Screening for Gonorrhea/Chlamydia in Preexposure Prophylaxis Cohorts Select for Resistance? Historical Lessons From a Mass Treatment Campaign in Greenland
Authors: Kenyon Chris , Laumen Jolein , Van Dijck Christophe 
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Neisseria gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to all classes of antimicrobials used against it. Current strategies to prevent the emergence of pan-resistance include increased gonorrhea screening in high-prevalence populations such as men who have sex with men taking HIV preexposure prophylaxis. By increasing antimicrobial exposure, others have argued that intensive screening may inadvertently promote the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.

Aim/Methodology
To contribute to this discussion, we conducted a historical review of the effect of a mass gonorrhea treatment campaign in Greenland from 1965 to 1968 on the incidence of gonorrhea and antimicrobial resistance. We conducted a literature review using PubMed and Google Scholar to find relevant studies. Data on the incidence of gonorrhea, antimicrobial susceptibility, and antimicrobials dispensed were extracted and analyzed.

Results
Eight articles were found with relevant information. The cornerstone of the campaign involved the repeated treatment for all persons with a diagnosis of gonorrhea in the past 6 months as well as all remaining unmarried persons between 15 and 30 years of age. There was a small and temporary decline in the incidence of gonorrhea during the campaign. The campaign was, however, associated with an increase in the proportion of gonococci that were not susceptible to penicillin. Gonococcal incidence continued to climb after the campaign ended but did decline dramatically after reductions in risk behavior after the global AIDS epidemic.

Discussions
The mass gonorrhea treatment campaign in Greenland was associated with only a temporary decline in the incidence of gonorrhea. It was, however, followed by an increase in penicillin nonsusceptibility. Intense gonorrhea screening and treatment strategies should be aware of the risk of inducing antimicrobial resistance.
Self-Reported Sexually Transmitted Disease–Related Health Services Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States, 2011 to 2017
Authors: Haderxhanaj Laura T. , Leichliter Jami S. , Dittus Patricia J. , Spicknall Ian H. , Aral Sevgi O. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
From a nationally representative survey, 2011 to 2017, we found that 80.7% of sexually active men who have sex with men were insured and 82.0% had a usual place for care, but only 39.8% received sexual risk assessment and 45.8% received sexually transmitted disease screening, of whom 58.0% received extragenital sexually transmitted disease screening.
Fatal Acute Intracranial Subdural Hematoma After Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Gioia Sara , Mirtella Dora , Lancia Massimo , Suadoni Fabio , Cingolani Mariano 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The authors report on the autopsy case of a 40-year-old primigravida without either coagulation disorders or anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy, who developed a fatal intracranial subdural hematoma after spinal anesthesia (SA) for elective cesarean delivery for tocophobia.
Intracranial subdural hematoma is the most dreaded complication of SA and is often misdiagnosed with postdural puncture headache.
In this article, the authors discuss pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors for the development of an intracranial subdural hematoma after SA and review the pertinent literature.
Risk Stratification of Intermediate-Risk Children With Minor Head Injury
Authors: Ko Yura , Lee Ji Sook , Chae Minjung Kathy , Ahn Jung Hwan , Kim Hyuk-Hoon , Park Eun Jung , Kim Jung Heon 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network rule helps emergency physicians identify very low-risk children with minor head injury who can forgo head computed tomography. This rule contributes to reduction in lifetime risk of radiation-induced cancers while minimizing missing clinically important traumatic brain injury. However, in intermediate-risk children, decisions on whether to perform computed tomography remain at the emergency physicians' discretion. To reduce this gray zone, this review summarizes evidence for risk stratification of intermediate-risk children with minor head injury.