bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eating disorders, body image and media exposure among adolescent girls in rural Burkina Faso
Authors: Terhoeven Valentin , Nikendei Christoph , Bärnighausen Till , Bountogo Mamadou , Friederich Hans‐Christoph , Ouermi Lucienne , Sié Ali , Harling Guy 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveBody dissatisfaction and eating disorders (ED) among young females may increase in limited‐resource settings as exposure to media and higher‐resource cultures increases. We examined ED prevalence and its predictors among adolescent girls in rural north‐western Burkina Faso.MethodsFieldworkers interviewed 696 female adolescents aged 12‐20 years in the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS). ED were evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐5 (SCID‐5), self‐perceived appearance and body ideal were measured using Thompson and Gray’s Contour Drawing Rating Scale (CDRS) and eating disorder predictors by the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q). We assessed media exposure to magazines, radio, television, and the internet.Results16% of respondents had a BMI below WHO age‐standardised 5th percentile, while 4% were above the 85th percentile; most respondents wanted to be larger. DSM‐5 criteria for anorexia nervosa (AN) were fulfilled by four of 696 respondents (0.6%), those for bulimia nervosa by none, and those for binge eating disorder by two (0.3%). In multivariable regression, more AN symptoms were associated with greater EDE‐Q body dissatisfaction, desiring a thinner body and a history of sexual harassment or assault, but not with media exposure. A thinner desired body was associated with greater media exposure, higher BMI z‐score and greater EDE‐Q disordered eating.ConclusionED were very rare in rural Burkinabé female adolescents, but factors predictive of ED in higher‐resource settings were also predictive of ED precursor symptoms here. Our findings suggest that increasing media exposure in resource‐limited settings may lead to increased body dissatisfaction, and potentially to increased future ED prevalence.
Arabidopsis PIC30 encodes a major facilitator superfamily transporter responsible for the uptake of picolinate herbicides
Authors: Kathare Praveen K. , Dharmasiri Sunethra , Vincill Eric D. , Routray Pratyush , Ahmad Idrees , Roberts Daniel M. , Dharmasiri Nihal 
Published: November 2019

SummaryPicloram is an auxinic herbicide that is widely used for controlling broad leaf weeds. However, its mechanism of transport into plants is poorly understood. In a genetic screen for picloram resistance, we identified three Arabidopsis mutant alleles of PIC30 (PICLORAM RESISTANT30) that are specifically resistant to picolinates, but not to other auxins. PIC30 is a previously uncharacterized gene that encodes a major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter. Similar to most members of MFS, PIC30 contains 12 putative transmembrane domains, and PIC30‐GFP fusion protein selectively localizes to the plasma membrane. In planta transport assays demonstrate that PIC30 specifically transports picloram, but not indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA). Functional analysis of Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with PIC30 cRNA demonstrated PIC30 mediated transport of picloram and several anions, including nitrate and chloride. Consistent with these roles of PIC30, three allelic pic30 mutants are selectively insensitive to picolinate herbicides, while pic30‐3 is also defective in chlorate (analogue of nitrate) transport and also shows reduced uptake of . Overexpression of PIC30 fully complements both picloram and chlorate insensitive phenotypes of pic30‐3. Despite the continued use of picloram as an herbicide, a transporter for picloram was not known until now. This work provides insight into the mechanisms of plant resistance to picolinate herbicides and also shed light on the possible endogenous function of PIC30 protein.
A curious case of delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction with evanescent antibodies in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Lemay Anne‐Sophie , Faughnan Marie , Krok Elizabeth , Pavenski Katerina 
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUNDDelayed hemolytic reactions are potential complications of incompatible transfusions and are usually associated with the identification of a new antibody on serologic studies, following a second immunization event. However, in rare cases, the antibody investigation remains negative even if the clinical presentation would lead one to suspect otherwise.CASE REPORTA 44‐year‐old woman with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia presented to the emergency department with hematuria and low back pain after she had received three units of RBCs 2 weeks earlier. Hematology and biochemistry results were consistent with delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction, but surprisingly, serologic antibody investigations were negative. It was only when her plasma was tested with enzyme (ficin)‐treated panel cells that anti‐e was finally detected, with a 3+ reaction with all homozygous e+ cells. No reaction was seen with heterozygous e+ cells. Four months later, an anti‐K was also detected on standard panels, while the anti‐e remained detectable only with ficin‐treated panel cells. Three years later, both antibodies had vanished and remained undetectable. The weakness of anti‐e reaction, combined with the quick evanescence of both antibodies led to the suspicion of a potential underlying immunodeficiency disorder, which was confirmed by low immunoglobulin levels on two occasions.CONCLUSIONTo our knowledge, this is the first case of immunodeficiency disorder diagnosed after the identification of evanescent antibody reactions. This case also outlines the importance of a good clinical history that should lead to further investigations when a hemolytic transfusion reaction is suspected.
In vitroantimicrobial activity of narasin and monensin in combination with adjuvants against pathogens associated with canine otitis externa
Authors: Chan Wei Yee , Hickey Elizabeth E. , Khazandi Manouchehr , Page Stephen W. , Trott Darren J. , Hill Peter B. 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThe emergence of antimicrobial resistance represents a serious human and animal health risk. Good antimicrobial stewardship is essential to prolong the lifespan of existing antibiotics, and new strategies are required to combat infections in man and animals.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine thein vitrointeraction of ionophores (narasin or monensin) with antimicrobial adjuvants (N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), Tris‐EDTAor disodiumEDTA) against bacterial strains representing pathogens associated with canine otitis externa (OE).Animal/IsolatesAmerican Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strainsStaphylococcus aureus29213,Pseudomonas aeruginosa27853 andP. aeruginosabiofilm producerPAO1, and a clinical isolate ofProteus mirabilisfrom a case of canineOEwere tested.Methods and materialsA 2D microdilution checkerboard method was used, allowing calculation of fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI), dose reduction index (DRI) and plotting of isobolograms.ResultsThe combination of narasin with either Tris‐EDTAor disodiumEDTAproduced additive effects (FICI = 0.75) againstP. aeruginosaATCC27853 andP. aeruginosabiofilm producerATCC PAO1. An additive effect (FICI = 0.53–0.75) was found againstS. aureusATCC29213 when narasin or monensin were combined withNAC. The highestDRI(32‐fold) was found with monensin/NACwhere theMICof monensin was reduced from 4 to 0.125 μg/mL.Conclusions and clinical importanceThe combination of narasin with Tris‐EDTAor disodiumEDTAis a promising strategy to inhibit the intrinsic resistance elements of Gram‐negative bacteria. These novel combinations potentially could be useful as a multimodal approach to treat mixed infections in canineOE.
Do protocols for new randomised trials take previous similar trials into account? Cohort study of contemporary trial protocols
Authors: Paludan-Müller Asger Sand , Ogden Michelle C , Marquardsen Mikkel , Vive Jonas , Jørgensen Karsten Juhl , Gøtzsche Peter Christian 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate to what extent evidence from previous similar trials or systematic reviews was considered before conducting new trials.DesignCohort study of contemporary protocols for trials with ethical approval.MethodsAll protocols for randomised trials approved by the five ethical committees in Denmark between January 2012 and March 2013 were screened for eligibility. Included protocols were read in full to determine whether a systematic search had been conducted and references were checked to evaluate whether trial rationale and design could be challenged for not adequately considering previous evidence. To investigate whether protocols cited relevant trials, we used simple search strategies that could easily be conducted by researchers without experience with literature searches.ResultsSixty-seven protocols were included. Only two (3%) of the protocols explicitly stated to have conducted a literature search and only one (1%) provided information that allowed the search to be replicated. Eleven (16%) of the protocols described trials where we found the information insufficient to judge if the trial was ethically justified, either due to a comparator that was not supported by the presented evidence (six protocols), because they did not present a rationale for conducting the trial (two protocols), or for both reasons (three protocols). For eight (12%) of the protocols, our search identified trials that could have been relevant to cite as justification.ConclusionsWhile most protocols seem to adequately consider existing evidence, a substantial minority of trials might lack a sufficient evidence base. Very few trials seemed to have been based on a literature search which makes it impossible to know whether all relevant previous trials had been considered. Rules for ethical approval should include requirements for systematic literature searches to ensure that research participants are not exposed to sub-optimal treatments or unnecessary harms as well as to reduce research waste.
Sedation AND Weaning In Children (SANDWICH): protocol for a cluster randomised stepped wedge trial
Authors: Blackwood Bronagh , Agus Ashley , Boyle Roisin , Clarke Mike , Hemming Karla , Jordan Joanne , Macrae Duncan , McAuley Daniel Francis , McDowell Clíona , McIlmurray Lisa , Morris Kevin P , Murray Margaret , Parslow Roger , Peters Mark J , Tume Lyvonne N , Walsh Tim 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionWeaning from ventilation is a complex process involving several stages that include recognition of patient readiness to begin the weaning process, steps to reduce ventilation while optimising sedation in order not to induce distress and removing the endotracheal tube. Delay at any stage can prolong the duration of mechanical ventilation. We developed a multicomponent intervention targeted at helping clinicians to safely expedite this process and minimise the harms associated with unnecessary mechanical ventilation.Methods and analysisThis is a 20-month cluster randomised stepped wedge clinical and cost-effectiveness trial with an internal pilot and a process evaluation. It is being conducted in 18 paediatric intensive care units in the UK to evaluate a protocol-based intervention for reducing the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation. Following an initial 8-week baseline data collection period in all sites, one site will be randomly chosen to transition to the intervention every 4 weeks and will start an 8-week training period after which it will continue the intervention for the remaining duration of the study. We aim to recruit approximately 10 000 patients. The primary analysis will compare data from before the training (control) with that from after the training (intervention) in each site. Full details of the analyses will be in the statistical analysis plan.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was reviewed and approved by NRES Committee East Midlands—Nottingham 1 Research Ethics Committee (reference: 17/EM/0301). All sites started patient recruitment on 5 February 2018 before randomisation in April 2018. Results will be disseminated in 2020. The results will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed medical journals.Trial registration numberISRCTN16998143.
Relationship between cricket participation, health and well-being: scoping review protocol
Authors: Bullock Garrett Scott , Panagodage-Perera Nirmala K , Murray Andrew , Arden Nigel K , Filbay Stephanie R 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionCricket is a popular sport played by 2.5 billion people of all ages and abilities. However, cricket participation is decreasing in the UK, despite an increased focus of governments on increasing sport participation to enhance public health. Understanding the health benefits and mitigating the health risks of cricket participation may help cricket organisations promote cricket participation while optimising the long-term health of cricket participants. Currently, there is no literature review on the relationship between cricket participation, health and well-being; thus, this relationship remains unclear. Therefore, the aims of this scoping review were (1) to investigate the relationship between cricket participation, health and well-being and (ii) to identify the research gaps related to cricket, health and well-being.Methods and analysisDue to the broad nature of our research question and the large number of health outcomes assessed within the cricket literature and to facilitate identification of research gaps, a scoping review methodology was used. The methodology of this paper was informed by previous scoping review protocols and best practice methodological frameworks. MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, Web of Science and PEDro and grey literature sources (Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, ISRCTN Registry and ProQuest) will be systematically searched. Studies that assess a construct related to health and/or well-being in current and/or former cricketers from all ages and standards of play will be eligible. Two reviewers will independently screen full texts of identiﬁed studies for eligibility and will perform data extraction. Results will be presented in tabular and graphical forms and will be reported descriptively.Ethics and disseminationThis research is exempt from ethics approval due to the data being available through published and public available resources. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed sports and exercise medicine journal regardless of positive or negative findings. In addition, results will be disseminated through multiple platforms, including conference presentations and social media using multimedia resources (eg, infographics, animations, videos, podcasts and blogs), to engage stakeholder groups, including cricketers, cricket coaches, sporting bodies, sports medicine professionals and policy makers. There findings will inform clinical decision making, policy changes and future research agendas.
Evaluation of the efficacy of 3D total-body photography with sequential digital dermoscopy in a high-risk melanoma cohort: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Primiero Clare Amy , McInerney-Leo Aideen M , Betz-Stablein Brigid , Whiteman David C , Gordon Louisa , Caffery Liam , Aitken Joanne F , Eakin Elizabeth , Osborne Sonya , Gray Len , Smithers B Mark , Janda Monika , Soyer H Peter , Finnane Anna 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionMelanoma is Australia’s fourth most common cancer. Early detection is fundamental in maximising health outcomes and minimising treatment costs. To date, population-based screening programmes have not been justified in health economic studies. However, a skin surveillance approach targeting high-risk individuals could improve the cost-benefit ratio.Methods and analysisThis paper describes a 2-year longitudinal randomised controlled trial (RCT) to compare routine clinical care (control) with an intensive skin surveillance programme (intervention) consisting of novel three-dimensional (3D) total-body photography (TBP), sequential digital dermoscopy and melanoma-risk stratification, in a high-risk melanoma cohort. Primary outcomes will evaluate clinical, economic and consumer impact of the intervention. Clinical outcomes will evaluate differences in the rate of lesion excisions/biopsies per person, benign to malignant ratio for excisions and thickness of melanomas diagnosed. A health economic analysis using government data repositories will capture healthcare utilisation and costs relating to skin surveillance. Consumer questionnaires will examine intervention acceptability, the psychological impact, and attitudes towards melanoma risk and sun protective behaviour. Secondary outcomes include the development of a holistic risk algorithm incorporating clinical, phenotypic and genetic factors to facilitate the identification of those most likely to benefit from this surveillance approach. Furthermore, the feasibility of integrating the intervention with teledermatology to enhance specialist care in remote locations will be evaluated. This will be the first RCT to compare a targeted surveillance programme utilising new 3D TBP technology against current routine clinical care for individuals at high risk of melanoma.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) approval from both Metro South Health HREC (HREC/17/QPAH/816) and The University of Queensland HREC (2018000074).Trial registration numberANZCTR12618000267257; Pre-results.
Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation protects the retina from age-associated degeneration in aged C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Prokopiou Ekatherine , Kolovos Panagiotis , Georgiou Christos , Kalogerou Maria , Potamiti Louiza , Sokratous Kleitos , Kyriacou Kyriacos , Georgiou Tassos 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic effects of omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids in the retina of aged mice when the blood arachidonic acid (AA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratio is maintained between 1.0 and 1.5.Methods and analysisAged (24-month-old) wild-type C57BL/6J mice were allocated to two groups: ω3 treated and untreated. Treatment with ω3 was by daily gavage administration of EPA and docosahexaenoic acid for 60 days. Gas chromatography was used to identify and quantify fatty acids in the blood and retina. To count lipofuscin granules and measure the photoreceptor layer, eyecups were examined histologically using transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy. We also analysed eyecups using mass spectrometry-based proteomics.ResultsAA levels were lower, and EPA levels were higher, in the blood and retinas of the ω3-treated group than in the untreated group, resulting in a lower AA/EPA ratio. The ω3-treated group also showed significantly fewer lipofuscin granules and a thicker outer nuclear layer than the untreated group. Proteomic analysis revealed significantly greater expression of myelin basic protein, myelin regulatory factor-like protein, myelin proteolipid protein and glial fibrillar acidic protein in the ω3-treated group than in the untreated group. Three different pathways were significantly affected by ω3 treatment: fatty acid elongation, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and metabolic pathways.ConclusionTwo months of ω3 supplementation (when the blood AA/EPA~1.0–1.5) in aged mice reduced lipofuscin granule formation in the retina and protected the photoreceptor layer, suggesting that ω3 supplementation slows normal age-related retinal degeneration.
Pilot study of an integrated model of sleep support for children: a before and after evaluation
Authors: Elphick Heather E , Lawson Candi , Ives Ann , Siddall Sue , Kingshott Ruth N , Reynolds Janine , Dawson Victoria , Hall Lorraine 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveDespite the success of behavioural sleep support interventions in the third sector, sleep support is not universally available for families in the UK. The aim of the study was to provide evidence of efficacy and to propose a delivery model for integrated sleep support for families of vulnerable children.Design and settingA sleep support intervention was carried out in Sheffield Local Authority evaluated using a preintervention and postintervention study design by Sheffield Children’s National Health Service (NHS) Trust.ParticipantsFifty-six children aged 6–16 years with significant sleep problems were recruited; 39 completed the intervention and evaluation.InterventionsBasic sleep education and an individualised programme was delivered by a sleep practitioner. Follow-on telephone support was provided to empower the parent (and/or young person) to carry out the sleep programme at home. An integrated NHS and Local Authority delivery model was designed and implemented.ResultsParents’ ratings of their child’s ability to self-settle improved from 1.1/10 to 6.4/10 (p<0.05). Mean Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale scores improved significantly for parents/carers (MD 5.16, 95%CIs 2.62 to 7.69, p<0.05). Children who completed the intervention gained on average an extra 2.4 hours sleep a night. There was reduction in healthcare utilisation, illnesses and medication use.ConclusionsThe behavioural approach to sleep support for these vulnerable groups of children is highly effective. Follow-on individual support to empower parents is key to achieving success. Sleep support can be implemented in NHS and Local Authority services by integration into the existing workforce using a cross-agency model.
High-intensity interval training in haemodialysis patients: a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Nilsson Birgitta Blakstad , Bunæs-Næss Heidi , Edvardsen Elisabeth , Stenehjem Aud-Eldrid 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesPatients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing haemodialysis (HD) have significantly reduced cardiorespiratory fitness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Our hypothesis was that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a feasible and safe form of exercise during HD and that HIIT would elicit greater change in cardiorespiratory fitness and HRQoL compared with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT).MethodsTwenty patients were randomised to either HIIT (n=6), MICT (n=8) (two times a week within 22 weeks) or usual care (n=6). Feasibility was assessed by session attendance and adherence to exercise intensity. Safety was assessed by adverse event reporting. Efficacy was determined from change in peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), 6 min walk distance and a HRQoL questionnaire (the COOP-WONCA chart).ResultsEleven patients (55%) completed premeasurements and postmeasurements. The main reason for drop-out was due to kidney transplant during follow-up. The patients completed the same number of sessions in each group and adhered to the target heart rates after habituation. There were no adverse events. In the HIIT group, two of the three patients increased VO2peakby 46% and 53%, respectively. Three of the five patients in the MICT group increased their VO2peakby 6%, 18% and 36%, respectively.ConclusionsThis pilot study demonstrated that HIIT is a feasible and safe exercise model for intradialytic exercise in patients undergoing HD. There might be a considerable potential of intradialytic HIIT in patients undergoing HD. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to determine if HIIT is an optimal approach in patients with ESRD undergoing HD.Trial registration numberNCT01728415.