bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Atlantic multidecadal oscillation on interannual relationship between ENSO and East Asian early summer monsoon
Authors: Xu Meng , Xu Haiming , Ma Jing , Deng Jiechun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImpact of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) on the interannual relationship between the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and East Asian early summer monsoon (EAESM) is investigated using observations and community atmosphere model (CAM) outputs. We find that the interannual ENSO–EAESM relationship displays a prominent decadal variation during 1951–2018, which is consistent with the AMO phase change, that is, a high ENSO–EAESM correlation appears during the negative AMO phase, while no significant correlation is found during the positive AMO phase. Further analyses reveal that the AMO‐related sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the western North Pacific, rather than in the North Atlantic, modulate the interannual relationship between the El Niño and EAESM. These SSTAs can prolong the existence of the anomalous western North Pacific anticyclone (WNPAC) from the ENSO mature winter to the subsequent early summer, thus affecting the ENSO–EAESM relationship for the El Niño events. In contrast, the AMO modulates the interannual relationship between the La Niña and EAESM through the North Atlantic and North Pacific. The North Atlantic warming‐induced anomalous anticyclone weakens the background cyclone over the western North Pacific during the positive AMO phase, and the mid‐latitude air–sea interaction in the North Pacific also influence the anomalous cyclone. The observed AMO's impact on the interannual relationship between the ENSO and EAESM is confirmed by atmosphere general circulation model simulations using the CAM.
Dynamic and thermodynamic contributions to Northern China dryness in El Niño developing summer
Authors: Liu Shujie , Wen Na , Li Laurent 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn El Niño developing summer, Northern China shows reduced precipitation. The underlying mechanism is investigated through an analysis on the regional moisture and moist static energy budget. It is shown that the thermodynamic effect in relation to water vapour changes increases the regional wetness, but it is much smaller than the dynamic effect in relation to anomalies of atmospheric circulation. The anomalous vertical descent term is particularly pronounced. This anomalous vertical motion is mainly constrained by the horizontal advection of climatological moist enthalpy by anomalous wind, with a deficit of moist static energy in the region. A descent is then produced to compensate the energy lose and leads to dryness. Further investigation shows that an El Niño‐induced anomalous cyclone over Northeast Asia is the main ingredient in controlling the dynamic effect for both water vapour budget and moist static energy budget.
Moisture transport to a typical transitional climate zone in North China forced by atmospheric and oceanic internal variability under the background of global warming
Authors: Zhong Linhao , Hua Lijuan , Yao Yao , Feng Jinming , Zhao Tianbao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNorth Central China (NCC) (34°–42°N, 95°–107°E), a typical transitional climate zone between westerlies and monsoon, shows multiple time‐scale variations in precipitation under the background of global warming. Thus, NCC moisture transport (NMT) was analysed based on reanalysis data from 1979–2015. By using the spatially unbounded dynamic recycling model, main NMT pathways and moisture sources were identified for the summer rainfall of NCC. The trend pattern of NMT manifests as a seesaw pattern with a weakening northwesterly transport but an enhancing southwesterly transport, suggesting an interaction between the mid‐latitude westerlies and the Indian monsoon. The temporal evolution of the NMT trend pattern exhibits interannual and multidecadal variability superimposed on long‐term trends, which correspond to the atmospheric and oceanic physical processes, respectively. The partial least squares regression analysis demonstrated that the temporal evolution of NMT trend patterns can be well explained by atmospheric and oceanic internal climate variability (ICV). At interannual time scales, the atmospheric ICV, composed of the circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) and East Atlantic (EA) and East Atlantic/Western Russia (EAWR) teleconnections, forms a Eurasian wave train that weakens westerly transport via the Europe blocking flow and enhances southwesterly transport via local circulation anomalies with a zonal dipole structure. However, oceanic ICV, composed of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), exerts influence on a multidecadal time scale to decelerate the mid‐latitude westerly jet over the North Atlantic, providing favourable upstream background conditions for the formation of the Europe blocking and further maintaining the atmospheric ICV‐induced Eurasian wave train. Thus, the internal oceanic and atmospheric processes at different time scales couple to contribute to long‐term changes in precipitation over NCC under the background of global warming.
Facial Pressure Injuries from Prone Positioning in the COVID‐19 Era
Authors: Shearer Sarah C. , Parsa Keon M. , Newark Annemarie , Peesay Tejasvi , Walsh Amanda R. , Fernandez Stephen , Gao William Z. , Pierce Matthew L. 
Published: January 2021

Objective/HypothesisThis study aimed to determine the incidence of facial pressure injuries associated with prone positioning for COVID‐19 patients as well as to characterize the location of injuries and treatments provided.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review of 263 COVID‐19 positive patients requiring intubation in the intensive care units at MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and MedStar Washington Hospital Center between March 1st and July 26th, 2020. Information regarding proning status, duration of proning, presence, or absence of facial pressure injuries and interventions were collected. Paired two‐tailed t‐test was used to evaluate differences between proned patients who developed pressure injuries with those who did not.ResultsOverall, 143 COVID‐19 positive patients required proning while intubated with the average duration of proning being 5.15 days. Of those proned, 68 (47.6%) developed a facial pressure injury. The most common site involved was the cheek with a total of 57 (84%) followed by ears (50%). The average duration of proning for patients who developed a pressure injury was significantly longer when compared to those who did not develop pressure injuries (6.79 days vs. 3.64 days, P < .001).ConclusionsFacial pressure injuries occur with high incidence in patients with COVID‐19 who undergo prone positioning. Longer duration of proning appears to confer greater risk for developing these pressure injuries. Hence, improved preventative measures and early interventions are needed.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2139–E2142, 2021
Integrative literature review of patient classification tools for nursing intensity evaluation: Focusing on comparison of South Korean and international tools
Authors: Ko Yukyung , Park Bohyun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to review the literature on patient classification tools (PCTs) for assessing nursing strength and to compare South Korean and international tools.DesignIntegrative literature review.MethodsWe searched the relevant literature published from 2000–2017 in PubMed and two electronic databases in Korea in March 2017. Twenty‐five published studies were reviewed.ResultsIn most Korean studies, patients were classified by PCT, which were tested to ensure validity and reliability, followed by measurement of nursing time and development of the conversion index. In international studies, PCTs used were simpler than those in Korean studies; the results of estimation for optimum nurse staffing were reported. Most studies insufficiently reflected indirect nursing needs and patients’ non‐clinical factors.The current PCTs used in Korean studies inadequately reflect the reality of nursing field. Therefore, development of new PCTs reflecting nursing intensity based on direct and indirect nursing activities is necessary.
Oncologists' Attitude and Knowledge about Cancer Rehabilitation
Authors: Rosario‐Concepción Raúl A. , Calderín Yailiz B. , Aponte Christian López , López‐Acevedo Carmen E. , Sepúlveda‐Irrizarry Fernando L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionCancer survivors may experience multiple comorbidities related to the disease itself and adverse effects from treatment. Rehabilitation specialists could provide treatment options; however, oncologic rehabilitation services are underutilized.ObjectiveTo assess oncologists' awareness of the benefits of rehabilitation for cancer care patients and to identify barriers to rehabilitation referrals in adult cancer patients in Puerto Rico.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingRegional Annual Meeting of the Association of Medical Hematology and Oncology of Puerto Rico, 4‐7 September 2015.ParticipantsForty‐two oncologists.InterventionsParticipants completed a 10‐item questionnaire focused on demographics, knowledge, and clinical practices over the previous 12 months related to rehabilitation in cancer patients.Main Outcome MeasuresFrequency, reasons, and timing for oncologist referral of cancer patients to rehabilitation. Perceived risks and benefits of rehabilitation in cancer patients and their correlation to patient referrals, prognosis, type of cancer, and type of symptoms.ResultsThirty‐seven oncologists (88.1%) received minimal or no education about cancer rehabilitation, its benefits, and indications. This resulted in 31 oncologists (73.8%) referring less than 15% of their patients for rehabilitation, with almost a third of participants referring less than 5%. However, 39 (92.9%) agreed that rehabilitation is always or frequently beneficial for their patients. Fifteen (35.7%) said they did not refer patients if prognosis was less than 6 months, and 16 (38.0%) avoided referring patients with life expectancy of less than 3 months.ConclusionsAlthough medical oncologists have some knowledge that rehabilitation is beneficial for their patients, there is a low referral rate. This could be due to lack of information about cancer rehabilitation and limited access to cancer rehabilitation specialists. Further efforts should be made to improve access to rehabilitation care for cancer patients and survivors.
A systematic analysis of the beta hairpin motif in the Protein Data Bank
Authors: DuPai Cory D. , Davies Bryan W. , Wilke Claus O. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe beta hairpin motif is a ubiquitous protein structural motif that can be found in molecules across the tree of life. This motif, which is also popular in synthetically designed proteins and peptides, is known for its stability and adaptability to broad functions. Here, we systematically probe all 49,000 unique beta hairpin substructures contained within the Protein Data Bank (PDB) to uncover key characteristics correlated with stable beta hairpin structure, including amino acid biases and enriched interstrand contacts. We find that position specific amino acid preferences, while seen throughout the beta hairpin structure, are most evident within the turn region, where they depend on subtle turn dynamics associated with turn length and secondary structure. We also establish a set of broad design principles, such as the inclusion of aspartic acid residues at a specific position and the careful consideration of desired secondary structure when selecting residues for the turn region, that can be applied to the generation of libraries encoding proteins or peptides containing beta hairpin structures.
Why Indian summer monsoon circulation indices? Fidelity in representing rainfall variability and teleconnections
Authors: Zahan Yasmin , Rajesh P. V. , Choudhury B. Abida , Goswami B. N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWith the recognition that the circulation is strongly coupled with the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR), a number of large‐scale circulation indices have been proposed to represent the Indian summer monsoon to aid diagnosis of teleconnections with ISMR and evaluation of simulations by climate models. The circulation indices, however, correlate poorly with ISMR raising doubts on the coupling between the two. In this study, we identify reasons behind the poor correlations and estimate a potential limit on this correlation between circulation indices and ISMR. One mechanistic reason for poor correlations between circulation indices and ISMR is that the period and variance explained by the oscillatory modes of circulation indices differ significantly from those of ISMR leading to their phases also differing between modes of circulation indices and corresponding modes of ISMR. Further, the wind anomaly patterns associated with wind indices project strongly on the climatological monsoon circulation unlike that associated with the ISMR, another reason for their poor correlation with ISMR. As a result, all circulation indices underestimate the negative correlation between June–September sea‐surface temperature (JJAS SST) over the Niño3.4 and ISMR and fail to simulate the lead–lag relationship between the two. A conservative estimate of the interannual variance explained by coupling of the JJAS rainfall over continental India and winds in the neighbourhood is strong, explaining about 55% variance distributed in three leading coupled modes. Therefore, the effectiveness of any circulation indices in explaining the ISMR variance is potentially limited to that associated with the dominant mode (∼30%). The local response of winds to deep convection over the waters of the Indian Ocean and western Pacific warm pool leads to a strong increasing trend in some of the circulation indices and adds “noise” modes contributing to the de‐correlation between circulation indices and ISMR.
Loading of stream wood following the 2016 Chimney Tops 2 Wildfire: Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, USA
Authors: Praskievicz Sarah , Sigdel Rajesh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLarge wood drives physical and ecological processes in river systems, but the relative roles of continuous individual tree mortality versus episodes of mass mortality in wood recruitment are not well understood. Here, the 2016 Chimney Tops 2 wildfire, a rare severe wildfire in the eastern United States, was used as a case study for examining the role of mass tree mortality in wood loads of streams in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), Tennessee. Wood surveys were conducted on four reaches in two drainage systems affected by the fire to ascertain the total frequency and volume of burned and unburned wood pieces and jams. Relative to unburned wood, the Chimney Tops 2 fire resulted in a major influx of burned wood to the study reaches, with large percentages of individual pieces (average of 47% by frequency, 48% by volume) and jams (average of 72% by frequency, 93% by volume) exhibiting burn marks. Burned wood pieces had a larger diameter than unburned pieces (p = .065). Results suggest that rare mass‐mortality events like the Chimney Tops 2 wildfire could play a major role in wood dynamics of mountain streams in humid forested regions.
Nutmeg extract potentially alters characteristics of white adipose tissue in rats
Authors: Lesmana Ronny , Siannoto Melisa , Nugraha Gaga I. , Goenawan Hanna , Feinisa Astrid K. , Pratiwi Yuni S. , Veronica Fifi , Tarawan Vita M. , Susianti Susianti , Supratman Unang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundBrowning of white adipose tissue (WAT) is a promising approach to obesity treatment. During browning, WAT transforms into beige adipose tissue through stimulation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Nutmeg, one of the Indonesian herbs, reportedly has dual roles as a PPARα/γ partial agonist. Even though nutmeg has been traditionally used in body weight reduction, there is limited information regarding the potential role of nutmeg in browning of WAT.ObjectivesIn this study, we explored the effect of nutmeg seed extract (NuSE) as a potential inductor of WAT browning.MethodsTwelve male Wistar rats, 5–6 weeks old, were divided into control and nutmeg groups. The rats in nutmeg group were given NuSE for 12 weeks by oral gavage. After 12 weeks, the rat's inguinal WAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were collected, weighed and stored at − 80°C until use.ResultsWe observed that even though NuSE did not reduce the final body weight, it significantly reduced body weight gain. NuSE also increased protein levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α) and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) significantly and tended to increase UCP2 and UCP1 levels. Furthermore, NuSE induced macroscopic and microscopic morphological changes of inguinal WAT, marked by significantly increased adipocyte numbers and decreased adipocyte size.ConclusionsEven though NuSE did not increase UCP1 significantly, it potentially alters inguinal WAT characteristics and leads to browning through PGC‐1α and UCP3 induction. However, UCP3’s specific mechanism in WAT browning remains unclear. Our findings could contribute to obesity treatment in the future.
The role of connexin proteins and their channels in radiation-induced atherosclerosis
Authors: Ramadan Raghda , Baatout Sarah , Aerts An , Leybaert Luc 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRadiotherapy is an effective treatment for breast cancer and other thoracic tumors. However, while high-energy radiotherapy treatment successfully kills cancer cells, radiation exposure of the heart and large arteries cannot always be avoided, resulting in secondary cardiovascular disease in cancer survivors. Radiation-induced changes in the cardiac vasculature may thereby lead to coronary artery atherosclerosis, which is a major cardiovascular complication nowadays in thoracic radiotherapy-treated patients. The underlying biological and molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced atherosclerosis are complex and still not fully understood, resulting in potentially improper radiation protection. Ionizing radiation (IR) exposure may damage the vascular endothelium by inducing DNA damage, oxidative stress, premature cellular senescence, cell death and inflammation, which act to promote the atherosclerotic process. Intercellular communication mediated by connexin (Cx)-based gap junctions and hemichannels may modulate IR-induced responses and thereby the atherosclerotic process. However, the role of endothelial Cxs and their channels in atherosclerotic development after IR exposure is still poorly defined. A better understanding of the underlying biological pathways involved in secondary cardiovascular toxicity after radiotherapy would facilitate the development of effective strategies that prevent or mitigate these adverse effects. Here, we review the possible roles of intercellular Cx driven signaling and communication in radiation-induced atherosclerosis.
Dimensional stabilisation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood by reaction with maleic anhydride and sodium hypophosphite
Authors: Kim Injeong , Karlsson Olov , Jones Dennis , Mantanis George , Sandberg Dick 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWood has the ability to absorb and desorb moisture, which can affect its dimensional size when in use. Limiting this can provide products with greater shape stability and less stresses on external coatings. One method that has been investigated for achieving this has been through chemical modification. In this work, the dimensional stabilisation imparted to Scots pine sapwood by chemical modification with maleic anhydride (MA) combined with sodium hypophosphite (SHP) was investigated. The influence of concentration of MA, treatment temperature and treatment period on weight percent gain (WPG) and bulking coefficient (BC) during treatment with MA and SHP of wood was studied. Furthermore, dimensional stability was determined by the water soak/oven dry method (wet-dry cycle) through five cycles in order to determine the hydrolytic stability of the ester bond and any potential cross-linking reactions. Wood blocks (20 × 20 × 10 mm) modified with MA combined with SHP exhibited lower weight loss following water soaking than unmodified blocks or MA-treated blocks. Wood blocks modified with MA and SHP showed the best anti-swelling efficiency and minimum wet-volume (water-saturated). However, as the concentration of SHP increased, dimensional stability was diminished without any increase in weight percentage gain after water soaking. When combined with FTIR results, it appeared that the modification with MA and SHP seemed to form cross-linking between wood constituents, though high concentration of SHP did not seem to result in additional cross-linking.
Genetic variability and genome-wide association analysis of flavor and texture in cooked beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Bassett Amber , Kamfwa Kelvin , Ambachew Daniel , Cichy Karen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractKey messageCooked bean flavor and texture vary within and across 20 Andean seed types; SNPs are significantly associated with total flavor, beany, earthy, starchy, bitter, seed-coat perception, and cotyledon texture.AbstractCommon dry beans are a nutritious food recognized as a staple globally, but their consumption is low in the USA. Improving bean flavor and texture through breeding has the potential to improve consumer acceptance and suitability for new end-use products. Little is known about genetic variability and inheritance of bean sensory characteristics. A total of 430 genotypes of the Andean Diversity Panel representing twenty seed types were grown in three locations, and cooked seeds were evaluated by a trained sensory panel for flavor and texture attribute intensities, including total flavor, beany, vegetative, earthy, starchy, sweet, bitter, seed-coat perception, and cotyledon texture. Extensive variation in sensory attributes was found across and within seed types. A set of genotypes was identified that exhibit extreme attribute intensities generally stable across all three environments. seed-coat perception and total flavor intensity had the highest broad-sense heritability (0.39 and 0.38, respectively), while earthy and vegetative intensities exhibited the lowest (0.14 and 0.15, respectively). Starchy and sweet flavors were positively correlated and highest in white bean genotypes according to principal component analysis. SNPs associated with total flavor intensity (six SNPs across three chromosomes), beany (five SNPs across four chromosomes), earthy (three SNPs across two chromosomes), starchy (one SNP), bitter (one SNP), seed-coat perception (three SNPs across two chromosomes), and cotyledon texture (two SNPs across two chromosomes) were detected. These findings lay a foundation for incorporating flavor and texture in breeding programs for the development of new varieties that entice growers, consumers, and product developers alike.