bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forecasting the combined effects of anticipated climate change and agricultural conservation practices on fish recruitment dynamics in Lake Erie
Authors: Dippold David A. , Aloysius Noel R. , Keitzer Steven Conor , Yen Haw , Arnold Jeffrey G. , Daggupati Prasad , Fraker Michael E. , Martin Jay F. , Robertson Dale M. , Sowa Scott P. , Johnson Mari‐Vaughn V. , White Mike J. , Ludsin Stuart A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Many aquatic ecosystems are experiencing multiple anthropogenic stressors that threaten their ability to support ecologically and economically important fish species. Two of the most ubiquitous stressors are climate change and non‐point source nutrient pollution.

Agricultural conservation practices (ACPs, i.e. farming practices that reduce runoff, prevent erosion, and curb excessive nutrient loading) offer a potential means to mitigate the negative effects of non‐point source pollution on fish populations. However, our understanding of how ACP implementation amidst a changing climate will affect fish production in large ecosystems that receive substantial upstream sediment and nutrient inputs remains incomplete.

Towards this end, we explored how anticipated climate change and the implementation of realistic ACPs might alter the recruitment dynamics of three fish populations (native walleye Sander vitreus and yellow perch Perca flavescens and invasive white perch Morone americana) in the highly productive, dynamic west basin of Lake Erie. We projected future (2020–2065) recruitment under different combinations of anticipated climate change (n = 2 levels) and ACP implementation (n = 4 levels) in the western Lake Erie catchment using predictive biological models driven by forecasted winter severity, spring warming rate, and Maumee River total phosphorus loads that were generated from linked climate, catchment‐hydrology, and agricultural‐practice‐simulation models.

In general, our models projected reduced walleye and yellow perch recruitment whereas invasive white perch recruitment was projected to remain stable or increase relative to the recent past. Our modelling also suggests the potential for trade‐offs, as ACP implementation was projected to reduce yellow perch recruitment with anticipated climate change.

Overall, our study presents a useful modelling framework to forecast fish recruitment in Lake Erie and elsewhere, as well as offering projections and new avenues of research that could help resource management agencies and policy‐makers develop adaptive and resilient management strategies in the face of anticipated climate and land‐management change.
Voiding time as a predictor for urinary tract function and health status
Authors: Matsumoto Seiji , Kasamo Sachiko , Horie Shigeo 
Published: May 2020

AimIn this study, we investigated self‐measured voiding time in the Japanese population.MethodsA survey questionnaire was used to determine self‐measured voiding time in Japanese participants aged ≥20 years. In addition to demographic data such as age and sex, relevant medical conditions, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal impairment and other disorders, were also recorded. Voiding time was measured whenever the participant had the urge to void.ResultsIn total, 2493 healthy individuals (1347 men, mean ± SD, age 60.50 ± 12.16 years, and 1146 women, 51.16 ± 12.97 years) participated in the survey. Self‐measured voiding time was 27.71 ± 20.25 s for men, and 17.49 ± 11.87 s for women. Additionally, 1227 participants with certain diseases were included (1026 men, aged 67.12 ± 9.93 years, and 201 women, 60.26 ± 11.02 years). In this group, self‐measured voiding time was significantly longer at P < 0.01 (30.71 ± 20.98 s in men, 21.28 ± 15.56 s in women). In men whose international prostate symptom score (IPSS) was >7, voiding time was significantly longer (healthy men: IPSS ≤7 n = 868, 23.9 ± 14.88 s, IPSS ≥8 n = 479, 34.6 ± 26.05 s, P < 0.05, men with comorbidities: IPSS ≤7: n = 504, 25.64 ± 15.63 s, IPSS ≥8: n = 522, 35.6 ± 24.11 s, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThis self‐reported internet survey revealed that self‐measured voiding time was longer in men than women regardless of age, and was significantly prolonged with age regardless of sex. Furthermore, self‐measured voiding time could be a good screening tool to predict urinary function and health status. Geriatr Gerontol Int ••; ••: ••–•• Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; ••: ••–••.
Pilot feasibility study examining the effects of a comprehensive volume reduction protocol on hydration status and blood pressure in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Perez Luis M. , Burrows Brett T. , Chan Lauren E. , Fang Hsin‐Yu , Barnes Jennifer L. , Wilund Kenneth R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionChronic volume overload is a persistent problem in hemodialysis (HD) patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of comprehensive volume reduction protocol on HD patient's hydration status and blood pressure (BP).MethodsTwenty‐three HD patients (age = 55.7 ± 13.3 years) completed a 6‐month comprehensive volume control protocol consisting of: reducing postdialysis weight; reducing BP medication prescriptions; and weekly intradialytic counseling to reduce dietary sodium intake and interdialytic weight gain (IDWG). The primary outcome was volume overload (VO) measured by bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. Secondary outcomes included: IDWG, postdialysis weight, estimated dry weight (EDW), dietary sodium intake, BP and BP medication prescriptions.FindingsFrom baseline (0M) to 6 months (6M), significant improvements were noted in: VO (0M 3.9 ± 3.9 L vs. 6M 2.6 ± 3.4 L, P = 0.003), postdialysis weight (0M 89.4 ± 23.1 kg vs. 6M 87.6 ± 22.2 kg; P = 0.012), and EDW (0M 89.0 ± 23.2 vs. 6M 86.7 ± 22.5 kg., P = 0.009). There was also a trend for a reduction in monthly averaged IDWG (P = 0.053), and sodium intake (0M 2.9 ± 1.6 vs. 6M 2.3 ± 1.1 g/d, P = 0.125). Neither systolic BP (0M 162 ± 27 vs. 6M 157 ± 23 mmHg, P = 0.405) nor diastolic BP (0M 82 ± 21 vs. 6M 82 ± 19 mmHg, P = 0.960) changed, though there was a significant reduction in the total number of BP medications prescribed (0M 3.0 ± 1.0 vs. 6M 1.5 ± 1.0 BP meds; P = 0.004).DiscussionOur volume reduction protocol significantly improved HD patient's hydration status. While BP did not change, the reduction in prescribed BP medication number suggests improved BP control. Despite these overall positive findings, the magnitude of change in most variables was modest. Comprehensive changes in HD clinics may be necessary to realize more clinically significant results.
Dynamic prediction model to identify young children at high risk of future overweight: Development and internal validation in a cohort study
Authors: Welten Marieke , Wijga Alet H. , Hamoen Marleen , Gehring Ulrike , Koppelman Gerard H. , Twisk Jos W.R. , Raat Hein , Heymans Martijn W. , de Kroon Marlou L.A. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryBackgroundPrimary prevention of overweight is to be preferred above secondary prevention, which has shown moderate effectiveness.ObjectiveTo develop and internally validate a dynamic prediction model to identify young children in the general population, applicable at every age between birth and age 6, at high risk of future overweight (age 8).MethodsData were used from the Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy birth cohort, born in 1996 to 1997, in the Netherlands. Participants for whom data on the outcome overweight at age 8 and at least three body mass index SD scores (BMI SDS) at the age of ≥3 months and ≤6 years were available, were included (N = 2265). The outcome of the prediction model is overweight (yes/no) at age 8 (range 7.4‐10.5 years), defined according to the sex‐ and age‐specific BMI cut‐offs of the International Obesity Task Force.ResultsAfter backward selection in a Generalized Estimating Equations analysis, the prediction model included the baseline predictors maternal BMI, paternal BMI, paternal education, birthweight, sex, ethnicity and indoor smoke exposure; and the longitudinal predictors BMI SDS, and the linear and quadratic terms of the growth curve describing a child's BMI SDS development over time, as well as the longitudinal predictors' interactions with age. The area under the curve of the model after internal validation was 0.845 and Nagelkerke R2 was 0.351.ConclusionsA dynamic prediction model for overweight was developed with a good predictive ability using easily obtainable predictor information. External validation is needed to confirm that the model has potential for use in practice.
Melting temperature measurement of refractory oxide ceramics as a function of oxygen fugacity using containerless methods
Authors: Agca Can , Neuefeind Jörg C. , McMurray Jake W. , Weber Richard , Navrotsky Alexandra 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAn aerodynamic conical nozzle levitator (CNL) has been used to measure the melting temperatures of refractory ceramics. The well‐established method of cooling traces has been adapted to allow measurements for air‐sensitive samples using a controlled atmosphere, where the oxygen partial pressure can be adjusted and monitored in real time. In this study, we explain the details of a system that we developed for use at the Spallation Neutron Source (Oak Ridge National Laboratory). Measurements of the melting behavior of (Fe,Cr,Al)3O4 spinels were made between log (PO2 (atm)) of −0.7 and −5. The melting temperature of hercynite is found to be oxygen potential dependent, ranging between 1692 and 1767°C at log (PO2) values from −4.42 to −0.70.
Data integration using the building technique in mixed‐methods instrument development: Methodological discussion
Authors: Younas Ahtisham , Rasheed Subia Parveen , Zeb Hussan , Inayat Shahzad 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimsTo discuss and illustrate how meaningful integration can be achieved in instrument development design.DesignDiscussion paper.Data SourcesA mixed‐methods study about challenges of nurse educators in Pakistan. The building technique was implemented when the findings of the qualitative phase were integrated to develop an instrument to determine educators’ challenges while teaching nursing students in academic and clinical settings.Implications for NursingNurses are required to use cultural‐ and population‐specific instruments for data collection. The six‐step building approach can enable nurses to develop such instruments using rigorous and robust mixed‐methods design.ConclusionBuilding and merging techniques are used in instrument development design during and after the completion of the study, respectively. However, building technique is essential for using the qualitative findings to develop the instrument. The proposed building approach starts with a robust qualitative data analysis and is strengthened with the selection of key themes and subthemes, linking them to the participants' quotes and then the conversion of the quotes into meaningful and pertinent items. Using the proposed building integration technique can enable researchers to meaningfully and efficiently use qualitative findings for developing instruments using mixed‐methods designs.ImpactMixed methods are valuable for the development of data collection instruments that are tailored to the study context and relevant for the study participants. There is limited guidance about how meaningful integration can be achieved when developing research instruments using mixed methods. We proposed a practical building technique that allows researchers to meaningfully use qualitative findings from one phase to develop an instrument for the subsequent phase. The proposed approach is useful for researchers aiming to develop data collection instruments using mixed methods.
Towards an Evidence‐Based and Integrated Policy Cycle in the EU: A Review of the Debate on the Better Regulation Agenda
Authors: Listorti Giulia , Basyte‐Ferrari Egle , Acs Szvetlana , Smits Paul 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOur aim is to provide an overview of the debate on the Better Regulation (BR) Agenda presented in 2015 by the European Commission. In addition to academic literature, we also consider studies and reports from Think Tanks, international organizations, and EU internal scrutinizing bodies. After presenting the main aspects of the debate on some overarching elements of the BR Agenda, we focus in particular on two highlights: evidence‐based policymaking and the integrated policy cycle. We structure the discussion around main achievements, remaining critical aspects and suggestions about what could be further improved. Findings show that although the Commission remains a front‐runner when it comes to Better Regulation, more efforts are needed to go the last mile when it comes to evidence‐based policymaking and closing the policy cycle. We find that the great majority of arrticles welcome the ambition of the BR Agenda reform. At the same time, they also make clear that to effectively improve regulation, further methodological guidance and concrete efforts in implementation are needed. Another interesting finding is that the debate on the BR Agenda is extremely varied, covering normative as well as very technical aspects. It appears, though, to be confined within certain academic fields (namely political science, public administration, and law), while other fields that can be, in practice, also deeply linked to BR related activities are less represented.
Unique longitudinal relationships between symptoms of psychopathology in youth: A cross‐lagged panel network analysis in the ABCD study
Authors: Funkhouser Carter J. , Chacko Anjali A. , Correa Kelly A. , Kaiser Ariela J. E. , Shankman Stewart A. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe network theory suggests that psychopathology may reflect causal relationships between individual symptoms. Several studies have examined cross‐sectional relationships between individual symptoms in youth. However, these studies cannot address the directionality of the temporal relationships hypothesized by the network theory. Therefore, we estimated the longitudinal relationships between individual internalizing, externalizing, and attention symptoms in youth.MethodsData from 4,093 youth participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study were used. Symptoms were assessed using the Brief Problem Monitor, which was administered at three time points spaced six months apart. Unique longitudinal relationships between symptoms at T1 and T2 were estimated using cross‐lagged panel network modeling. Network replicability was assessed by comparing this network to an identically estimated replication network of symptoms at T2 predicting symptoms at T3.ResultsAfter controlling for all other symptoms and demographic covariates, depressed mood, inattention, and worry at T1 were most predictive of other symptoms at T2. In contrast, threats of violence and destructiveness at T2 were most prospectively predicted by other symptoms at T1. The reciprocal associations between depressed mood and worthlessness were among the strongest bivariate relationships in the network. Comparisons between the original network and the replication network (correlation between edge lists = .61; individual edge replicability = 64%–84%) suggested moderate replicability.ConclusionsAlthough causal inferences are precluded by the observational design and methodological considerations, these findings demonstrate the directionality of relationships between individual symptoms in youth and highlight depressed mood, inattention, and worry as potential influencers of other symptoms.
Growth and derived life‐history characteristics of the Brazilian electric ray Narcine brasiliensis
Authors: Rolim Fernanda A. , Siders Zachary A. , Caltabellotta Fabio P. , Rotundo Matheus M. , Vaske‐Júnior Teodoro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe majority of batoids are listed as Threatened (20.4%) or Data Deficient (41%) by the IUCN Red List. A key challenge to assessing Data‐Deficient species is obtaining estimates of key life‐history characteristics. Here, a Bayesian approach was used to estimate derived life‐history characteristics from a growth model applied to the Data‐Deficient Brazilian electric ray Narcine brasiliensis. The age of 170 specimens (107 females, 63 males) was estimated from vertebral centra, and total length, disc width, total weight and birth size were used in a joint estimation of sex‐specific length‐weight models and two‐dimensional von Bertalanffy growth models. Estimates of age at length zero, age at maturity, longevity and mortality at age were derived simultaneously. The Bayesian joint modelling approach was robust to small sample sizes by adding a likelihood to constrain L0 and sharing parameters, such as Brody growth coefficient between length measurements. The median growth parameter estimates were a shared L0 = 38.8 mm, female L∞ = 515 mm, 𝑘 = 0.125 and male L∞ = 387 mm, 𝑘 = 0.194. Age at maturity was estimated to be 7.40–7.49 years for females and 4.45–4.47 years for males, whereas longevity was 22.5–22.6 years for females and 14.2 years for males depending on length measurement. Age‐1 natural mortality was estimated to be 0.199–0.207 for females and 0.211–0.213 for males. The derived life‐history characteristics indicate N. brasiliensis is earlier maturing, but slower growing relative to other Torpediniformes. These characteristics along with the species’ endemism to southern Brazil and high by‐catch rates indicate that one of the IUCN Red List threatened categories may be more appropriate for the currently Data‐Deficient status. The Bayesian approach used for N. brasiliensis can prove useful for utilizing limited age‐growth data in other Data‐Deficient batoid species to inform necessary life characteristics for conservation and management.
Impacts of hybrid (convective‐infrared‐rotary drum) drying on the quality attributes of green pea
Authors: Kaveh Mohammad , Abbaspour‐Gilandeh Yousef 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA hybrid convective‐infrared‐rotary drum (CIRD) dryer was designed and fabricated to examine the drying behavior of the green pea under different experimental conditions. In this study, the effect of temperature was evaluated at three levels (40, 55, and 70°C); while the infrared (IR) power and drum rotation speed were also varied in three levels: 250, 500, and 750 W and 5, 10, and 15 rpm, respectively. The effect of these three variables was assessed on the drying, durability extension and quality of the green peas. Drying of green pea with CIRD method by the following conditions: air temperature, IR power and drum rotation speed enhanced the drying rate, the variations in the effective moisture diffusion coefficient, rehydration ratio, total phenol content, and antioxidant capacity. In addition, increasing temperature, IR power, and rotary speed reduce the color changes and specific energy consumption. The highest effective moisture diffusion coefficient, rehydration ratio, total phenol content, and antioxidant capacity were 1.58 × 10−11 m2/s, 2.19 ± 0.13, 12.99 ± 0.35 mg GAE/g dry sample, and 75.73 ± 0.82%, respectively. Moreover, the lowest specific energy consumption, color variation, and pH were 107.49 ± 0.88 MJ/kg, 44.40 ± 0.51, and 4.98 ± 0.11, respectively. The highest qualitative and nutritional preservation belonged to the highest air temperature, maximum IR power, and highest drum speed.Practical applicationsToday, drying is not only a way to store foodstuffs, but it is also known as a way to increase the value added to food products. Extracting water from a product under controlled conditions reduces the moisture of foods to a certain level and prevents microbial growth that causes foods to spoil. One of the main goals of modern food technology is to maximize nutrient protection during the process and storage. In addition, antioxidant compounds reduce the risk of developing a variety of cancers and cardiovascular disease by eliminating free radicals and active oxygen.
Effect of preoperative in‐bed exercises and mobilization training on postoperative anxiety and mobilization level
Authors: Iskender Mahinur Durmus , Bektas Ozgur , Eren Handan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThis study examines the effect of preoperative training on postoperative mobility and anxiety levels in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty.MethodsThis was a randomized controlled study. The sample of this study consisted of 60 (30 experimental group, 30 control group) total knee arthroplasty patients who were admitted to a public hospital's orthopedic department between January 2019 and May 2019. To collect data, a demographic information form, patient mobility scale, observer mobility scale, and state–trait anxiety inventory were used. The patients in the intervention group practiced bed exercise and mobilization training before total knee arthroplasty surgery. The control group had no intervention.ResultsIt was determined that the patient mobility scale (2.0 ± 0.83) and observer mobility scale scores (6.93 ± 1.61) of the patients in the experimental group were significantly lower than the patients in the control group (respectively: 4.16 ± 1.31, 11.0 ± 1.74; p < .05). In the postoperative period, the mean scores of the state (38.86 ± 6.11) and trait anxiety scores (38.26 ± 3.85) of the patients in the experimental group were found to be significantly lower than the patients in the control group (respectively: 59.03 ± 9.10, 43.80 ± 4.38; p < .05).ConclusionPreoperative training reduced the postoperative anxiety and increased the level of patient mobility after total knee arthroplasty in this study.
Plasmons in MoS2 studied via experimental and theoretical correlation of energy loss spectra
Authors: MOYNIHAN EOIN , ROST STEFAN , O'CONNELL EOGHAN , RAMASSE QUENTIN , FRIEDRICH CHRISTOPH , BANGERT URSEL 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThis paper takes a fundamental view of the electron energy loss spectra of monolayer and few layer MoS2. The dielectric function of monolayer MoS2 is compared to the experimental spectra to give clear criteria for the nature of different signals. Kramers–Krönig analysis allows a direct extraction of the dielectric function from the experimental data. However this analysis is sensitive to slight changes in the normalisation step of the data pretreatment. Density functional theory provides simulations of the dielectric function for comparison and validation of experimental findings. Simulated and experimental spectra are compared to isolate the π and π + σ surface plasmon modes in monolayer MoS2. Single‐particle excitations obscure the plasmons in the monolayer spectrum and momentum resolved measurements give indication of indirect interband transitions that are excited due to the large convergence and collection angles used in the experiment.Lay DescriptionTwo‐dimensional materials offer a path forward for smaller and more efficient devices. Their optical and electronic properties give way to beat the limits set in place by Moore's Law. Plasmon are the collective oscillations of electrons and can confine light to dimensions much smaller than its wavelength. In this work we explore the plasmonic properties of MoS2, a representational candidate from a family of 2D materials known as transition metal dichalcogenides.High resolution electron microscopy and spectroscopy provide insights in the plasmonic properties of MoS2 down to an atomic scale. Experimental results show the relationship between plasmons and interband transitions in the electron energy loss spectrum. Density functional theory provides a theoretical support for the experimental findings and provides commentary on the fundamental underlying physics.