bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphometric assessment of adult human lumbar vertebrae
Authors: Gangaram Londhe Balu , Somnath Garud Rajendra 
Published: March 2020

The lumbar area of human spine is the commonest site of low backache. Knowledge of lumbar morphometry is crucial not only to understand the biomechanics of lumbar spine but also for abundant interventions intended at its stabilization and correction of deformities. Aims and objective was to prepare morphometric data on dimensions of lumbar vertebral body which can be used in clinical practice. An observational study was implemented where 47 dry macerated adult human lumbar vertebral sets were directly examined and their morphometric analysis in preference to vertebral body was done. Data was processed and analyzed by SPSS Ver.20. ‘ANOVA’ and ‘Z test’ were administered to evaluate statistical differences. From L1 to L5, there was a gradual increase in antero-posterior (AP) diameter of superior surface. However, AP diameter of inferior surface increased up to L4 but it reduced at L5. Transverse measurements also shows gradual increase above downwards from L1 to L5. There were fluctuations in heights of vertebral bodies. There is gradual elevation of superior surface area (SA) from L1 to L5. However, inferior surface area (IA) increases up to L4 and decreases at L5.: The study showed highly significant differences for all vertebral dimensions except ‘posterior height’ of lumbar vertebral bodies. The generated results need to be expanded in view of larger sample size and also in known sets of male and female lumbar vertebrae in diverse population.
Correlation between body mass index and sleep patterns & duration among medical students
Authors: Sharma U Ajay , K Kasturi K , Devi M L Revathi , S N Manjunath 
Published: March 2020

Obesity and its associated risks are a leading public health concern. Sleep deprivation is speculated to boost appetite. Medical students are prone to sleep deprivation.a): To study Sleep duration & pattern of study population using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). b): To correlate between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Sleep duration & pattern among study population. Medicals students (n=247; males=133 & females=114) of age group 18-23years were properly examined to exclude those suffering from any major diseases, psychiatric problems, alcoholics or sleep medication. Height & weight were examined to calculate BMI and it was graded according to ICMR guidelines. Sleep quality & duration was assessed by a self-report questionnaire, PSQI. Pearson’s correlation was used to find the association among parameters. 41.3%(102) had overweight BMI of ≥23; 38.1%(94) had poor sleep quality with PSQI score &#62;5 and 43.3%(107) are sleep deprived with sleep duration 5-6 hours. Analysis showed highly significant negative correlation bet ween BMI & sleep duration with ‘p’ value &#60;0.01 and also highly significant positive correlation between BMI & PSQI score with ‘p’ value &#60;0.01. It was found that with increase in BMI there is decrease in sleep duration as well as reduction in sleep quality which again leads to obesity as a vicious cycle. Hence proper education about sleep and life style modification is needed to medical students to prevent obesity and its associated comorbidities among them.
Perception and feedback of medical students about teaching methods in anatomy
Authors: Singh Archana , Srivastava Adit 
Published: March 2020

Student’s feedback is a useful basis for modifying and improving medical education. Through feedback we can identify areas of strength and weakness of teaching methodology. More emphasis is being placed on student centred, integrated, and problem based, clinically relevant teaching and learning. To find out the Perception and Feedback of Medical Students about Anatomy Teaching, Identify methods used to teach Anatomy, Identify those methods that are demonstrated to enhance knowledge retention in Anatomy, either short-term or long-term and what factors, other than the teaching methods, affect long-term knowledge retention in Anatomy. This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in the form of an anonymous survey in a Medical College of Bareilly, U.P. India. Medical students belonging to the 3rd, 5th and 7th semesters were participating in this study. A questionnaire was circulated amongst them during college hours. The questions in the questionnaire were based on the course content, methods of teaching, quality of teaching, teaching tools, mode of assessment of students, and suggestions to improve the quality of the curriculum in relation to gross anatomy. In present study 91.75% (total 367 students out of 400) students responded. Most of the students were satisfied with the coverage of content (41.27%), methods of teaching (44.93%), quality of Teaching (45.47%), tools used in teaching (39.33%) and mode of assessment (44.16%). Learning process can be improved by adopting the better teaching methods; latest teaching tools along with interactive teaching sessions between students and faculty obtained by student’s feedback for anatomy teaching.
Ulnar artery: A case report of high origin and superficial course
Authors: V Kulkarni Veena , Kumar Rakesh , K Deshpande Subhash 
Published: March 2020

Blood vessel variety of the upper appendage are normal and these can be of impressive enthusiasm to orthopedic surgeons, radiologists and anatomists. During routine dissection for college understudies of the right upper limb in a male cadaver, a variation starting point of ulnar artery from brachial artery was taken note. The brachial artery ending in the cubital fossa by partitioning into radial and ulnar or interosseous supply routes. The outspread artery had taken typical course and branches. Different divisions was the basic interosseous artery, anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent arteries demonstrated ordinary course.The irregular high source of ulnar artery route from the brachial artery was seen which was taking root from medial side of the brachial artery higher than the radial artery, running on the shallow muscles and going underneath the Palmaris longus tendon and intersection the tendon from lateral to medial side. At that point its running shallow to the muscles which were taking cause from the regular flexor source from the humerus and it was secured by the profound belt of the forearm arm, at that point it crosses the flexor retinaculum and partook in the formation of the superficial palmar arch. During its course, supply route didn't give any branch.
Incidence of Heart Failure among Diabetic Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease: A Cohort Study
Authors: Abdissa Senbeta Guteta , Deressa Wakgari , Shah Amit J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: In population studies of heart failure (HF), diabetes has been shown to be an independent risk factor. However, the evidence evaluating diabetes mellitus (DM) as an independent risk factor in incident HF in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) is scarce. Our study aimed to assess the incidence of HF in diabetic IHD patients compared to non-diabetic IHD patients in Ethiopia.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 306 patients with IHD followed-up at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The IHD patients who did not have HF at baseline were followed for 24 months beginning from November 30, 2015. We assessed the incidence of HF in patients with diabetic IHD versus the non-diabetic IHD. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between diabetic IHD and HF after controlling for important covariates. Hypertension was examined as a possible effect modifier as well.Results: The mean age was 56.8 years, 69% were male, and 31% were diabetic. During the 24 months follow-up period, 196 (64.1%) had incident HF. On multivariate Cox regression, DM was significantly associated with incident HF [Hazard Ratio = 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32-3.14, p = 0.001]. Furthermore, when the patients were stratified by hypertension (HTN), DM was associated with worse prognosis, the strongest association being in those with co-existing DM and HTN [HR = 2.57,95% CI =1.66-3.98, p<0.0001] followed by the presence of DM without HTN [HR 2.27, 95% CI = 1.38-3.71, p=0.001] (compared to those with neither). Conclusion: DM is the strongest predictor of incident HF, compared to other traditional risk factors, in Ethiopian patients with IHD. Those with both DM and HTN are at the highest risk.
Rno-microRNA-30c-5p promotes myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats through activating NF-κB pathway and targeting SIRT1.
Authors: Chen Jianfeng , Zhang Mingming , Zhang Shouyan , Wu Junlong , Xue Shufeng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of rno-microRNA-30c-5p (rno-miR-30c-5p) on myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury in rats and the underlying molecular mechanisms.Methods: A rat model of myocardial IR injury was established. The infarct size was detected by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The pathologic changes of myocardial tissues were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The apoptosis of myocardial cells was measured by TUNEL staining and flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of rno-miR-30c-5p and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, p-IκBα, IκBα, p-NF-κB p65, NF-κB p65 and SIRT1 was detected by Western blot. The interaction between rno-miR-30c-5p and SIRT1 was predicted by TargetScan, and further identified by dual luciferase reporter gene and RNA immunoprecipitation assay.Results: The myocardial IR injury model was successfully established in rats. IR induced the myocardial injury in rats and increased the expression of rno-miR-30c-5p. Overexpression of rno-miR-30c-5p enhanced the inflammation, promoted the apoptosis, and activated NF-κB pathway in IR myocardial cells. SIRT1 was the target gene of rno-miR-30c-5p. Silencing of SIRT1 reversed the effects of rno-miR-30c-5p inhibitor on the apoptosis and NF-κB pathway in IR myocardial cells.Conclusions: Rno-miR-30c-5p promoted the myocardial IR injury in rats through activating NF-κB pathway and down-regulating SIRT1.
Protocol for the process evaluation of a cluster randomised controlled trial to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of independent pharmacist prescribing in care home: the CHIPPS study
Authors: Bond Christine , Holland Richard , Alldred David , Arthur Antony , Baton Garry , Birt Linda , Blyth Annie , Desborough James , Ford Joanna , Handford Christine , Hill Helen , Hughes Camel , Maskrey Vivienne , Myint Phyo , Norris Nigel , Poland Fiona , Shepstone Lee , Zermansky Arnold , Wright David 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Prescribing, monitoring and administration of medicines in care homes could be improved. A cluster RCT is ongoing to evaluate the effectiveness of an independent prescribing pharmacist assuming responsibility for medicines management in care homes compared to usual care. Aims and Objectives: To conduct a mixed methods process evaluation of the RCT, in line with MRC process evaluation guidance, to inform interpretation of main trial findings and if the service is found to be effective and efficient, to inform subsequent implementation. Objectives:1. To describe the intervention as delivered in terms of quality, quantity, adaptations and variations across triads and time. 2. To explore the effects of individual intervention components on the primary outcomes.3. To investigate the mechanisms of action. 4. To describe the perceived effectiveness of relevant intervention components (including PIP training and care home staff training) from participant (GP, care home, PIP and resident/relative) perspectives.5. To describe the characteristics of GP, care home, PIP and resident participants to assess reach.6. To estimate the extent to which intervention delivery is normalised among the intervention healthcare professionals and related practice staff.Methods: A mix of quantitative (surveys, record reviews) and qualitative (interviews) approaches will be used to collect data on the extent of the delivery of detailed tasks required to implement the new service, to collect data to confirm the mechanism of action as hypothesised in the logic model, to collect explanatory process and final outcome data, and data on contextual factors which could have facilitated or hindered effective and efficient delivery of the service. Discussion: Recruitment is ongoing and the trial should complete in early 2020. The systematic and comprehensive approach that is being adopted will ensure data is captured on all aspects of the study, and allow a full understanding of the implementation of the service and the RCT findings. With so many interrelated factors involved it is important that a process evaluation is undertaken to enable us to identify which elements of the service were deemed to be effective, explain any differences seen, and identify enablers, barriers and future adaptions. Trial Registration ISRCTN 17847169 Date registered: 15/12/2017Link: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN17847169
Parents’ and healthcare professionals’ perceptions of the use of live video recording in neonatal units: A focus group study
Authors: BRIS Aude LE , MAZILLE Nadia , SIMONOT Pauline , LUHERNE Maude , FLAMANT Cyril , GASCOIN Geraldine , Laighin Gearóid Ó , HARTE Richard , PLADYS Patrick 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: The emerging use of video in neonatology units raises ethical and practical questions. This study aims to gain a better understanding of the suitability, limitations and constraints concerning the use of live video as a tool in neonatal clinical practice. The perceptions of parents and healthcare professionals in regard to live video were examined. Methods: Nine focus groups were conducted in four neonatal units involving 20 healthcare professionals and 19 parents. Data were triangulated using transcripts and field notes and analyzed using inductive and semantic thematic analysis.Results: The seven major themes that emerged from the healthcare professionals focus groups were (i) the impact of video recording on healthcare professionals’ behavior; (ii) the impact on parents; (iii) forensic issues ;(iv) guarantee of use; (v) benefits for the newborn; (vi) methodology of use; and (vii) technical considerations & feasibility. The five major themes that emerged from parents focus groups were (i) benefits for the newborn and care enhancement; (ii) impact on parents and potential benefits in case of newborn child/parent separation; (iii) informed consent and guarantee of use;(iv) concern about a possible disruptive impact on healthcare professionals; and (v) data protection. Conclusion: Both parents and healthcare professionals found video recording useful and acceptable if measures were taken to protect the data and mitigate any negative impacts on healthcare professionals.
Study on the influence mechanism of underground mineral element Fe(II) on Cr(VI) transformation under subsurface and groundwater interaction zones
Authors: Zheng Yiru , Liu Shuguang , Dai Chaomeng , Duan Yanping , Makhinov Aleksei Nikolavich , Hon Leong Kah , Júnior José Tavares Araruna 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: With the acceleration of urbanization, heavy metal contamination in subsurface water and groundwater is becoming more and more serious, and the interaction between surface water and underground water is an important factor that can’t be ignored. Based on the change of oxygen content in surface water and groundwater environment, this research mainly studied the influencing factors and mechanism of underground mineral element Fe (II) on the morphological transformation of heavy metal Cr (VI) under the condition of surface groundwater interaction, and simulates the interaction process of subsurface groundwater by changing the dissolved oxygen content in the redox reaction system of dissolved Fe (II) and Cr (VI). The influence mechanism of pH, Fe (II): Cr (VI), groundwater hardness ion and humic acid on the morphological transformation of Cr (VI) was investigated. Results: The results showed that the content of DO did affect the conversion of Cr (VI) by Fe (II). pH had a great influence on the redox reaction: while pH=3~5,the reaction rate of Fe (II) and Cr (VI) and the removal rate of Cr (VI) decreased with the increase of pH; while pH=6~8, the reaction rate and the removal of Cr (VI) increased with the increase of pH. When Fe (II) : Cr (VI)=3:1, the reaction of Fe (II) and Cr (VI) is affected by DO；when Fe (II) : Cr (VI) is 1:1, 2:1, 4:1 and 5:1, DO has no obvious effect on the reaction. Groundwater hardness ions can greatly promote the redox reaction. When humic acid exists in the reaction system, the Fe (III) formed by the oxidation of Fe (II) by Cr (VI) will once again be converted into soluble Fe (II), the reduction of humic acid further promote the redox reaction between Fe (II) and Cr (VI), and promote the conversion of Cr (VI) by Fe (II) more effectively. Moreover, the higher the concentration of humic acid, the higher the removal rate of Cr (VI). Conclusions: The research results have practical guiding significance for groundwater contamination prediction, pollution control and remediation, integrated water resources management and the construction of sponge city in China.
Trends of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Rifampicin resistance in Adigrat General Hospital, Eastern zone, Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Abay Getachew Kahsu , Hailay Bahlibi 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. The global emergence of mono- or multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extensively drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis poses a considerable challenge to tuberculosis control programs. There has been no reliable and organized data on trends and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the trends of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin resistance in the Adigrat General Hospital, eastern zone, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Adigrat General Hospital from January 2015 to 2018. Data were collected retrospectively from the GenexpertTM TB registration books using a data extraction format. Data was entered into Epi-Info 3.1 and subsequently exported and analyzed using SPSS Version 20. The results were summarized using descriptive statistics, tables, and figures. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Result: A total of 5,944 Mycobacterium tuberculosis presumptive patients were included in the study. The majority of the study participants were male (58.1%) with participants’ median age of 40.0 (IQR 57, 26) years, the majority were 30-44 years. The overall positive cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 24.3% (1446) with a total of 132 (9.1%) found to be resistant to rifampicin. Within the total Rifampicin resistant sub-group, 129/132 (97.7 %) were newly identified cases and the rest were previously treated, tuberculosis patients. Age, the reason for diagnosis, site of presumptive tuberculosis, and/or being HIV infected showed significant association with our dependent variable; however, only age and being HIV infected were associated with rifampicin resistance.Conclusion: In our study, the overall trends of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance were found to be high and gradually increasing. HIV co-infected and previously treated patients were more likely to develop rifampicin resistance. Therefore, maximizing early detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and strengthening tuberculosis infection control activities are recommended to reduce the burden of this contagious and potentially deadly disease.
<b>IDENTIDADE PADRÃO DE COMUNICAÇÃO DIGITAL DO GOVERNO FEDERAL</b>: uma análise à luz da metodologia <i>Common Assessment Framework</i>
Authors: Brennand Eládio José de Góes , Oliveira Mateus Lins de 
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo apresenta a avaliação da Identidade Padrão de Comunicação Digital do Governo Federal (IDG) no âmbito da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), realizada através da ferramenta de autoavaliação Common Assessment Framework (CAF), a qual consiste em um Modelo de Gestão da Qualidade Total desenvolvido para uso na Administração Pública Europeia, cuja inspiração reside no Modelo de Excelência da Fundação Europeia para a Gestão de Qualidade. A IDG tem como premissas o foco no cidadão, a experiência digital comum, a acessibilidade e a economicidade. Trata-se de um conjunto de diretrizes, orientações, padrões e modelos criados pela Secretaria Especial de Comunicação Social da Presidência da República (SECOM) para padronizar os sites do Governo Federal. Diante das finalidades para as quais essa identidade foi criada, bem como a ampla abrangência e importância que ela detém perante o cidadão, viu-se a necessidade de investigar se as premissas definidas na IDG são atendidas na visão usuários que navegam nas referidas páginas governamentais, assim como na visão dos conteudistas que realizam as postagens dos conteúdos e atualizam as páginas web. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória junto aos usuários que acessam o site de duas Pró-Reitoras da UFPB, divididos em três categorias: os discentes que navegam no site da Pró-Reitoria de Assistência e Promoção ao Estudante (PRAPE); a comunidade externa que frequenta a UFPB, mas não possui nenhum tipo de vinculo com a instituição, mas acessa o site da Pró-Reitoria de Extensão e Assuntos Comunitários (PRAC); e os conteudistas de ambas as Pró-Reitorias. Os resultado apontaram que os usuários identificam as premissas definidas pela IDG, a sua experiência única de navegação, seus elementos de acessibilidade e usabilidade, assim como, a sua importância para economia de recursos humanos e financeiros.Palavras-chave: Governo Eletrônico. Comunicação Digital. Gestão da Qualidade. Common Assessment Framework.
<b>A ECONOMIA DE FRANCISCO</b>
Authors: Lisboa Armando de Melo 
Published: March 2020

Neste artigo discute-se sobre a “economia de Francisco”, pois diante da grave "crise ecológica" em que se vive o Papa Francisco sempre buscou um diálogo com todos acerca da nossa casa comum, tentando ajudar a construir o futuro do planeta. Em maio de 2015, o pontífice promulgou a encíclica Laudato Si (LS) reafirmando as linhas centrais em economia de sua exortação apostólica Evangelii Gaudium (EG), buscando eliminar as causas estruturais das disfunções da economia mundial e corrigir os modelos de crescimento que parecem incapazes de garantir o respeito do meio ambiente. Centrada na dimensão ecológica, LS aprofunda as causas das "mudanças climáticas" e as razões que levam à depredação dos recursos da terra e à deterioração da qualidade de vida: são as "formas imediatistas de entender a economia", a "serviço da finança e do consumismo". Mais precisamente, são "as novas formas de poder derivadas do paradigma tecno-econômico" e o seu “poder tremendo” que impele à degradação ambiental e da vida. Reluzindo entre as posições tecnofóbicas e tecnófilas encontramos a rara figura de Romano Guardini que, de forma sábia, soube forjar uma síntese entre as “falsas dialéticas” que ainda nos aprisionam. Os ensinamentos de Guardini não contrapõem a cultura ecológica à tecnológica, como propõe o Papa Francisco, mas indicam que o Cristianismo deve compreender, assumir e dialogar criticamente com o mundo da tecnologia e do antropoceno.Palavras-chave: Economia de Francisco. Laudato Si. Cultura ecológica.