bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attenuation of oxidative stress and neurotoxicity involved in the antidepressant-like effect of the MK-801(dizocilpine) in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-induced depression in mice
Authors: Rana Proteesh , Bagewadi Harish , Banerjee B.D. , Bhattacharya S.K. , Mediratta Pramod Kumari 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
The emerging line of research suggests that neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress are linked to the development of depression-like behavior. The tryptophan metabolizing enzyme, indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), serves as an important interface between chronic inflammation and depression. IDO is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines and diverts tryptophan towards the kynurenine pathway, decreasing serotonin synthesis. Further, the metabolites of kynurenine pathway increase brain oxidative stress and also cause N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated exitotoxicity. The resulting oxidative damage and dysfunction in glutamatergic neurotransmission alters the network connectivity of the brain, which may be the further mechanism for emergence of depression-like symptoms.

Methods
A depression-like illness was induced in mice by injecting Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) suspended in isotonic saline at a dose of 107 CFU I.P. The mice were then divided into different groups and were administered MK-801 or normal saline for the next 21 days, after which a battery of behavior and biochemical tests were conducted to assess them.

Results
The BCG group had significantly reduced sucrose preference index and an increase in immobility time in forced swim test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST) as compared to the saline group. There was also a significant increase in the brain MDA levels and a decline in the brain GSH levels. The hippocampal tissue from the BCG group had significantly more comet cells than the saline group. The NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, was able to reverse the BCG-induced depression-like behaviour. MK-801 also showed significant decrease in brain oxidative stress but failed to show significant protection against BCG-induced neurotoxicity observed in comet assay.

Conclusions
The NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, mitigated BCG-induced, depressive-like behavior in mice by improving the sucrose preference and decreasing the duration of immobility time in TST and FST. The overall improvement in depression-like behavior was accompanied by a reduction in brain oxidative stress and comet cells, thus suggesting the antioxidant and neuroprotective action of MK-801.
Millettia aboensis ameliorates oxidative stress through synergic interaction of its active compounds
Authors: Ajaghaku Daniel Lotanna , Akah Peter Achunike , Ilodigwe Emmanuel Emeka , Ajaghaku Amara Anwuchaepe , Onah Christian Ejike , Okoye Festus Basden Chinedu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background

M. aboensis has wide ethnopharmacological applications but very little has been done on the pharmacological basis for these indications. This study evaluated the antioxidant potentials of the leaf extracts of M. aboensis.

Methods
Total phenolic content of the extract and fractions was carried out using folin-ciocalteu method while in vivo site specific effect determined using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver oxidative damage. Chromatographic separations of the most active fraction led to the isolation of compounds 1 and 2 with their structures elucidated by a combination of 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry. Inhibition of liver microsome lipid peroxidation was used to evaluate the antioxidant activities of these compounds while DPPH test was used to study their interaction.

Results
Ethyl acetate fraction had the highest phenolic content of 305.2 mgGAE/g with n-hexane fraction having the least (26.1 mgGAE/g). Structural elucidation revealed compound 1 as epicathechin-(2β→O→7, 4β→8)-cathechin and compound 2 as epicathechin-(2β→O→7, 4β→8)-epicathechin. Compounds 1 & 2 inhibited liver microsome lipid peroxidation with EC50 of 46 and 55 µg/mL respectively. Combination of the compounds produced synergic inhibition of DPPH radical with EC50 of 7 µg/mL against 9 µg/mL produced by ascorbic acid.

Conclusion

M. aboensis expressed strong antioxidant property which may explain its diverse ethnopharmacological uses.
The effects of omega-3 on the sleep quality of patients with uremic pruritus undergoing hemodialysis: a randomized crossover study
Authors: Heydarbaki Mansoureh , Amerian Monireh , Abbasi Ali , Amanpour Farzaneh , Mohammadpourhodki Reza , Ebrahimi Hossein 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Information on sleep quality and its effective factors in the patients undergoing hemodialysis are important factors in future planning for improving sleep quality and ultimately the quality of life in these patients. The present study investigated the effect of omega-3 on the sleep quality of hemodialysis patients.

Methods
The 52 hemodialysis patients were randomized into two groups and underwent two different treatment modes (A and B). The first group was given omega-3 and cetirizine and the second group only received cetirizine for six weeks. After one week wash out, the study was followed by crossover treatment in both groups for six weeks. Sleep quality and pruritus severity were evaluated in patients before the intervention and at the end of each treatment period using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Yosipovitch Itch Questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and the Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results
The results of the study showed that majority of the patients (94.2%) had poor sleep quality (sleep score > 5 based on the questionnaire) and 5.8% of the patients had favorable sleep quality (sleep score < 5). Repeated measures ANOVA showed that sleep quality scores were different in two groups in phases 0, I and II (p <0.001).

Conclusions
Sleep quality improved in both modes but more improvement was observed in mode A. Therefore, omega-3 fatty acids can be used as a suitable method for improving sleep quality in hemodialysis patients.
Improved anti-arthritic activity of ginger extract, a traditional medicine, using novel drug delivery approach
Authors: Londhe Vaishali Y. , Khogta Saloni M. , Barve Kalyani H. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
Ginger and castor oil, both are used in traditional medicine to treat arthritis, the latter is also commonly used as a vehicle in these systems of medicine. The study was designed to prepare a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) of ginger extract using castor oil as a novel liquid lipid and evaluate its safety and efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis in experimental animals.

Methods
Ginger extract was standardized using High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The optimized NLC formulation was characterized and its therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in Chronic Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis in experimental animals.

Results
Ginger extract contained 38.76 ± 3.01%w/w of 6-gingerol. The optimized NLC formulation showed a particle size of around 205 nm, a zeta potential of −33.7 and %entrapment efficiency of 76.59 ± 0.83%. Reduction in primary inflammation was significantly higher with NLC when compared with ginger extract and castor oil alone (p<0.001). The formulation also improved hyperalgesia in rats.

Conclusion
Castor oil can be used as a novel lipid in the preparation of NLC. The NLC effectively enhanced the therapeutic value of poorly bioavailable ginger extract.
An All Optical Photonic Crystal Based XOR Gate for BPSK Signals
Authors: Nasiri Mahsa , Andalib Alireza 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Using binary phase shift keying is one of the popular methods used for designing optical logic gates. In this paper, we used optical waveguides with different lengths for designing an all-optical XOR gate. The proposed structure works based on constructive and destructive interference of optical beams. The time delay of the proposed structure is 0.5 ps.
Time-domain Measurement and Analysis of Differential Mode Delay and Modal Bandwidth of Graded-Index Multimode Fiber in SDM Networks
Authors: Malhotra Ashish , Kaur Gurmanik , Goyal Rakesh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A novel differential mode delay (DMD) and modal bandwidth measurement technique for a multi-mode optical fiber based on time-domain method has been proposed and analyzed. Mode-dependent loss (MDL) is known to have a detrimental impact on the capacity of multi-mode fiber systems. The bandwidth behavior of 50 μm/62.5 μm graded-index multimode fibers (GI-MMFs) is investigated by launching a temporal pulse into the fiber and measuring the output time-domain waveform to understand and characterize the effect of DMD. The baseband response is measured by observing the broadening of a narrow input pulse (time-domain measurement). This paper verifies the degradation in bandwidth due to profile distortion by the maximum radial shift (starting from the center of the fiber) and the number of steps. The impact due to DMD on GI-MMF performance has been analyzed through fiber transfer function, pulse width and phase changes.
Triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is a predictor similar to the triglyceride–glucose index for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome using International Diabetes Federation criteria of insulin resistance in obese adolescents: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Aslan Çin Nazlı Nur , Yardımcı Hülya , Koç Nevra , Uçaktürk Seyit Ahmet , Akçil Ok Mehtap 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a fatal endocrinopathy that begins with insulin resistance (IR) and causes abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance, or systemic disorders. This study was aimed to determine the cut-off values for the triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, the TG glucose (TyG) index and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) for the diagnosis of MS in obese adolescents, and to compare which of the three indexes would offer a more accurate approach to diagnosis.

Methods
The study population comprised 1,171 obese adolescents (639 females and 532 males aged 10–16 years, Body Mass Index (BMI)>=95th percentile). Indirect measures of IR screening for MS were the TG/HDL ratio, TyG index, and HOMA-IR. The cut-off values of the TG/HDL ratio, TyG index, and HOMA-IR were obtained from receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results
HOMA-IR had a significant positive correlation with the TyG index (r=0.352, p<0.001) and TG/HDL-C (r=0.291, p<.001). The TyG index and TG/HDL-C showed a strong positive correlation (r=0.901, p<0.001). The TG/HDL-C ratio showed a larger ROC Area under Curve (AUC=0.849) than HOMA-IR index (AUC=0.689), but as a predictor similar to TyG index (AUC=0.833) when screening for MS. The cut-off values for MS were as follows: TG/HDL-C ratio>2.16 (sensitivity: 88.8%; specificity: 49.7%), TyG index>8.50 (sensitivity: 85.6%; specificity: 57.0%) and HOMA-IR>2.52 (sensitivity: 83.2%; specificity: 40.4%).

Conclusions
Both the TyG index and TG/HDL-C ratio are better markers than HOMA-IR to determine the risk of metabolic syndrome according to IDF criteria. Besides, the TyG index and TG/HDL-C ratio have similar differentiating powers to determine this risk in obese Turkish adolescents.
GAD-65 autoantibody associated epilepsy
Authors: Dimova Rumyana , Grozeva Greta , Chakarova Nevena , Tsarkova Polina , Tankova Tsvetalina 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this report is to describe a case of GAD-65 autoantibody associated epilepcy, diagnosed long before the onset of autoimmune diabetes.

Case presentation
This report presents a 36-year-old female with type 1 diabetes, diagnosed at the age of 26, and a cryptogenic focal epilepsy with complex partial seizures, with duration of 2–3 min and frequency of 5–6 per month, diagnosed at 16 years of age. Electroencephalography revealed epileptiform abnormalities temporally and centro-parietally on the left and temporally on the right with forward propagation on both sides. Due to the drug refractory seizures, titers of GAD-65 autoantibodies were examined (19 years after the diagnosis of epilepsy and 9 years after the diagnosis of diabetes) and were found to be elevated in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, strongly supporting its autoimmune genesis. Insulin pump therapy was used in this patient with a beneficial effect on glycemia.

Conclusions
Autoimmune epilepsy is a clinical entity and should be taken into consideration in patients with other autoimmune diseases, especially diabetes, and with drug refractory seizures, even preceding the onset of diabetes. Achieving stable glycemic control, including the usage of the new technologies in type 1 diabetes treatment, is vital in these cases.
Retrospective evaluation of 85 patients with urea cycle disorders: one center experience, three new mutations
Authors: Saritaş Nakip Özlem , Yıldız Yılmaz , Tokatlı Ayşegül 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Urea cycle disorders (UCDs) are rare hereditary diseases. This study was conducted to help identify the characteristics of UCDs in Turkey.

Methods
The primary outcome was to determine patient characteristics. Investigating the relationships between the patient outcomes and ammonia levels were the secondary outcomes. Eighty five patients from 79 families, diagnosed with UCD at a single metabolic referral center between 1979 and 2017, were included. Clinical and laboratory data were retrieved retrospectively from hospital records.

Results
Classical citrullinemia was the most common type of UCD; citrin deficiency and carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 deficiency (CPS1D) were the rarest. One thirty one hyperammonemic episodes were recorded. The peak ammonia levels were found to be significantly associated with polycythemia and hypocalcemia at presentation. The median peak ammonia values of the patients who died were higher than those of the survivors. The highest mortality rate was in the classical citrullinemia group. The mortality rate of the first hyperammonemic crisis was 28.6%, while it was 6.7% in subsequent episodes with an odds ratio of 4.28 (95% CI: 1.67–11.0) (p=0.001). Forty-four patients underwent genetic analysis and genetic variants were detected in 42 patients (95%). Three of the detected variants have not been previously reported.

Conclusions
This is the largest UCD series in Turkey and may serve as a guide to clinical, biochemical and genetic features of UCDs in our country. Prevention of hyperammonemia may be the most influential measure to improve long term survival.
Influence of non-pharmacological obstetric interventions on adverse outcomes of childbirth under regional analgesia
Authors: Gribel Gisèle P.C. , Coca-Velarde Luis Guillermo , Moreira de Sá Renato A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe examined the influence of companionship and the use of complementary therapies on adverse outcomes in parturients under regional analgesia.MethodsThis study is a single-center retrospective cohort of 986 term pregnant women, and it was based on data from medical records (hospitalization period: November 2012–November 2018). The women were in the active phase of labor under regional analgesia. A statistical program was used to search for an association between companionship and the use of complementary therapies with sample data. Bi- and multivariate logistic regressions based on significant associations were used to analyze the potential intervening variables in the adverse outcomes.ResultsModels were constructed for each of the maternal adverse outcomes. Childbirth complications were significantly associated with complementary therapies [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.28–0.63; P < 0.001] and companionship (AOR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.22–0.57; P < 0.001). Prolonged maternal hospitalization was significantly associated with companionship (AOR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.36–0.92; P < 0.05). Unplanned cesarean section showed a significant association with complementary therapies (AOR = 0.05; 95% CI = 0.01–0.47; P < 0.01).ConclusionThe likelihood of childbirth complications and prolonged maternal hospitalization is reduced by companionship, whereas the likelihood of childbirth complications and cesarean section rates is reduced by the use of complementary therapies.
Linguistic structures and functions of thesis and dissertation titles in Dentistry
Authors: Morales Oscar Alberto , Perdomo Bexi , Cassany Daniel , Tovar Rosa María , Izarra Élix 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTitles play an important role in genre analysis. Cross-genre studies show that research paper and thesis titles have distinctive features. However, thesis and dissertation titles in the field of dentistry have thus far received little attention.Objective: To analyze the syntactic structures and their functions in English-language thesis and dissertation titles in dentistry.Methodology: We randomly chose 413 titles of English-language dentistry theses or dissertations presented at universities in 12 countries between January 2000 and June 2019. The resulting corpus of 5,540 running words was then analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively, the two complementary focuses being grammatical structures and their functions.Results: The average title length was 13.4 words. Over half of the titles did not include any punctuation marks. For compound titles, we found that colons, dashes, commas, and question marks were used to separate the different components, colons being the most frequent. Four syntactic structures (nominal phrase, gerund phrase, full-sentence, and prepositional phrase) were identified for single-unit titles. Single-unit nominal phrase titles constituted the most frequent structure in the corpus, followed by compound titles. Four particular rhetorical combinations of compound title components were found to be present throughout the corpus.Conclusions: Titles of dentistry theses and dissertation in English echo the content of the text body and make an important contribution to fulfilling the text’s communicative purposes. Thus, teaching research students about the linguistic features of thesis titles would be beneficial to help them write effective titles and also facilitate assessment by teachers.
Capturing Citizens’ Information Needs through Analysis of Public Library Circulation Data
Authors: Igarashi Tomoya , Koizumi Masanori , Widdersheim Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Japanese government has initiated lifelong learning policies to promote lifelong learning to a super-aging society. It is said that lifelong learning contributes to a richer and more fulfilling life. It is within this context that public libraries have been identified as ideal facilities for promoting lifelong learning. To support lifelong learning successfully, libraries must accurately grasp citizens’ needs, all while working within limited budgets. To understand citizens’ learning needs, this study uses public library circulation data. This study is significant because such data use is often unavailable in Japan. This data was used to clarify citizens’ learning interests. Circulation data was compared from two libraries in Japan: Koto District Library in Tokyo and Tahara City Library in Aichi Prefecture. The data was used to identify general learning needs while also accounting for regional differences. The methodology and results of this research are significant for the development of lifelong learning policy and programming.
Partitive objects in negative contexts in Northern Italian Dialects
Authors: Garzonio Jacopo , Poletto Cecilia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this article we analyze partitive objects under negation (NPOs) in the Northern Italian dialectal (NID) domain and discuss their diachronic and synchronic relation with both partitive constructions and partitive articles. We take into exam the areal distribution of the phenomenon, its syntactic variation and the different factors that regulate this variation. The main claim of the paper is that NPOs in the NIDs are a special type of grammaticalized partitive constructions, where negation licenses a silent quantifier and the preposition expresses extraction from a ‘whole’. In other words, the development of NPOs is similar to that of partitive articles, but they have not lost the partitive meaning. This explains why they appear only with plurals and singular mass nouns.
Partitives, pseudopartitives and the prepositionapoin Greek
Authors: Alexiadou Artemis , Stavrou Melita 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper we revisit the main properties of the partitive (PC) and the pseudopartitive construction (PPC) in Greek placing our focus on the distribution of the prepositionapo‘of/from’, which introduces the partitive complement in the PC but is absent from the PPC. We propose two distinct analyses for the two constructions, which predict the particular distribution ofapoas a meaningful preposition, according to our hypothesis. We further discuss the crosslinguistic implications of our analysis.
First record of albinism in spiny rats of genus Proechimys (Rodentia: Echimyidae) from Western Amazon
Authors: Dalapicolla Jeronymo , de Oliveira Roth Paulo Ricardo , Percequillo Alexandre Reis 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Albinism is a rare condition in natural populations. One of the factors that would lead to higher allele frequency for the albino phenotype is bottleneck events, causing small population sizes and loss of genetic diversity. Here, we report the first record of albinism in one specimen of Proechimys gardneri from Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil. This is also the first record of albinism for the genus and for the family Echimyidae. We identified the specimen through morphology and confirmed the identification by 801 base pairs (bp) of mitochondrial marker cytochrome b (Cyt b). We also discuss the selection against albino phenotype in natural populations.
Uniqueness on entire functions and their nth order exact differences with two shared values
Authors: Chen Shengjiang , Xu Aizhu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Let f(z) be an entire function of hyper order strictly less than 1. We prove that if f(z) and its nth exact difference

Δ

c

n

f
(
z
)

{\Delta }_{c}^{n}f(z)

share 0 CM and 1 IM, then

Δ

c

n

f
(
z
)
≡
f
(
z
)

{\Delta }_{c}^{n}f(z)\equiv f(z)

. Our result improves the related results of Zhang and Liao [Sci. China A, 2014] and Gao et al. [Anal. Math., 2019] by using a simple method.
Further new results on strong resolving partitions for graphs
Authors: Kuziak Dorota , Yero Ismael G. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A set W of vertices of a connected graph G strongly resolves two different vertices x, y ∉ W if either d

G
(x, W) = d

G
(x, y) + d

G
(y, W) or d

G
(y, W) = d

G
(y, x) + d

G
(x, W), where d

G
(x, W) = min{d(x,w): w ∈ W} and d(x,w) represents the length of a shortest x − w path. An ordered vertex partition Π = {U
1, U
2,…,U

k
} of a graph G is a strong resolving partition for G, if every two different vertices of G belonging to the same set of the partition are strongly resolved by some other set of Π. The minimum cardinality of any strong resolving partition for G is the strong partition dimension of G. In this article, we obtain several bounds and closed formulae for the strong partition dimension of some families of graphs and give some realization results relating the strong partition dimension, the strong metric dimension and the order of graphs.