bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges and Opportunities in Searching for Missing Persons with Dementia: Insights from Specialized Police Officers
Authors: Yoo Jeong Ah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Getting lost can cause profound distress for individuals with dementia and their families, while also imposing a significant burden on society. Existing literature primarily focuses on the incidence and consequences of such cases, overlooking the challenges and issues involved in locating them. To address this gap, the present study aimed to explore the firsthand experiences and efforts of police officers in charge of missing cases.

Research Design and Methods
This study utilized a cross-sectional research design and conducted in-depth interviews with purposefully sampled police officers responsible for missing persons with dementia in South Korea. The qualitative information gathered from the interviews was analyzed using Content and Thematic Analysis.

Results
Despite various preventive programs and tracking technologies available, traditional methods such as foot searches remain more practical due to difficulties in utilizing such means by individuals with dementia. Additionally, their unpredictable characteristics and the lack of adequate and systematic societal support make even traditional searches challenging. Therefore, cooperation and awareness from caregivers and the community are crucial for police search and rescue operations. The study also highlights the importance of tailored response measures and legal support, as well as the need for collaborative efforts across societal domains for successful outcomes.

Discussion and Implications
The findings of this study are anticipated to contribute to a broader understanding of this pressing issue and provide critical insights for developing more effective response measures.
Health insurance in rural Tanzania promotes self-care for among patients with non-communicable diseases via their disease management behaviours
Authors: Miyashita Ayano , Nakamura Keiko , Kibusi Stephen M , Meshi Eugene Benjamin , Bendera Anderson , Sato Hideko , Al-Sobaihi Saber , Tashiro Yuri , Ramaiya Kaushik L , Sunguya Bruno F , Seino Kaoruko 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The rise of hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in Tanzania underscores the importance of self-care practices (SCP) for disease management. Despite the proven effectiveness of SCP, financial barriers in resource-limited rural areas hinder continuous care. Health insurance (HI) emerges as a critical solution to alleviate financial constraints and support SCP.

Methods
This study examined an association between HI and SCP by generalised linear and ordinal logistic regressions, adjusted for sociodemographic factors. Mediation analysis highlighted the role of disease management behaviours (hospital visits and medication adherence) in the association. Data were collected through individual interviews with 909 patients.

Results
Better SCP for HTN and DM were associated with the National Health Insurance Fund (HTN: coefficient=0.571; DM: coefficient=0.567, p&lt;0.001) and the improved Community Health Fund (iCHF) or CHF (HTN: coefficient=0.330; DM: coefficient=0.472, p&lt;0.05), after adjustment for sociodemographic variables. Mediation analysis showed that disease management behaviours partially or fully mediated the relationship between HI and SCP.

Conclusions
Enrolment in HI by patients in rural Tanzania exhibited better disease management behaviours and SCP. Efforts should focus on leveraging the HI schemes to expand their coverage in rural areas, which could benefit patients with non-communicable diseases.
Biogeographical distribution of gut microbiome composition and function is partially recapitulated by fecal transplantation into germ-free mice
Authors: Yang Julianne C , Lagishetty Venu , Aja Ezinne , Arias-Jayo Nerea , Chang Candace , Hauer Megan , Katzka William , Zhou Yi , Sedighian Farzaneh , Koletic Carolina , Liang Fengting , Dong Tien S , Situ Jamilla , Troutman Ryan , Buri Heidi , Bhute Shrikant , Simpson Carra A , Braun Jonathan , Jacob Noam , Jacobs Jonathan P 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation has been vital for establishing whether host phenotypes can be conferred through the microbiome. However, whether the existing microbial ecology along the mouse gastrointestinal tract can be recapitulated in germ-free mice colonized with stool remains unknown. We first identified microbes and their predicted functions specific to each of six intestinal regions in three cohorts of specific pathogen-free mice spanning two facilities. Of these region-specific microbes, the health-linked genus Akkermansia was consistently enriched in the lumen of the small intestine compared to the colon. Predictive functional modeling on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data recapitulated in shotgun sequencing data revealed increased microbial central metabolism, lipolytic fermentation, and cross-feeding in the small intestine, whereas butyrate synthesis was colon-enriched. Neuroactive compound metabolism also demonstrated regional specificity, including small intestine-enriched gamma-aminobutyric acid degradation and colon-enriched tryptophan degradation. Specifically, the jejunum and ileum stood out as sites with high predicted metabolic and neuromodulation activity. Differences between luminal and mucosal microbiomes within each site of the gastrointestinal tract were largely facility-specific, though there were a few consistent patterns in microbial metabolism in specific pathogen-free mice. These included luminal enrichment of central metabolism and cross-feeding within both the small intestine and the colon, and mucosal enrichment of butyrate synthesis within the colon. Across three cohorts of germ-free mice colonized with mice or human stool, compositional and functional region specificity were inconsistently reproduced. These results underscore the importance of investigating the spatial variation of the gut microbiome to better understand its impact on host physiology.
New industrial path development in “less glamorized regions”: actors, agencies, and rural opportunities
Authors: Doloreux David , De Fuentes Claudia , Peerally Jahan Ara , Quilley Stephen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article analyses the case of the wine industry in rural Nova Scotia (Canada) and addresses the following question: what sparks a new wine industry path in rural regions that lack supportive preconditions and local assets? We examine this from the perspective of different actors and their agencies when creating the conditions and structures for shaping new path development. Our findings provide a novel, empirically based understanding of individual and system-level agency and a nuanced account of new industrial path development in rural regions, which is often missing in contemporary debates.
Unwilling or Unable: Newfangled Self-Defence Against ISIS in Syria
Authors: Weisbord Noah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Focussing on a sequence of tense, era-defining moments in 2014 as world leaders struggled to comprehend and respond effectively to the dramatic rise of Islamic State forces in Syria and Iraq, this Review Essay is in part a chronicle of the readings (and indeed, on occasion, the significant mis-readings) of a diverse cast of actors seeking legal justification and irrefutable political arguments for the use of force in an escalating situation of geopolitical crisis and unspeakable atrocity. The essay provides a thoughtful, stirring reminder of the abiding value of close, critical reading in human rights and humanitarian practice.
Myelodysplastic syndromes among atomic bomb survivors in Nagasaki: similarities to and differences from de novo and therapy-related cases
Authors: Ando Koji , Miyazaki Yasushi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Epidemiological studies for atomic bomb (A-bomb) survivors clearly demonstrated that A-bomb radiation increased the risk of hematological neoplasms, such as acute and chronic leukemia, and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) among survivors. Several studies on MDS among survivors investigated its characteristics, and it seems that MDS among survivors has different features from those seen in de novo MDS and therapy-related MDS. In this short review, we describe the differences of clinical features, chromosomal alterations and genome aberrations among them.
Population shifts during the reconstruction period in areas marked as evacuation zones after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident: a mobile spatial statistics data-based time-series clustering analysis
Authors: Abe Toshiki , Yoshimura Hiroki , Saito Hiroaki , Murakami Michio , Higuchi Asaka , Moriyama Nobuaki , Amir Isamu , Ito Naomi , Ozaki Akihiko , Sawano Toyoaki , Yamamoto Chika , Zhao Tianchen , Tsubokura Masaharu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
An accurate understanding of the population is essential for the development of medical care and social resources. However, the development of transportation networks has increased temporal and spatial fluctuations in the population, making it difficult to accurately forecast medical care demand, especially during disaster recovery. This study examined the population movement in areas affected by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident using demographic data. The target area includes two cities, seven towns, and three villages that are in the evacuation zone. Using a population estimation that reflects changes in population by time of day, which was obtained from a mobile phone company (NTT DOCOMO), we applied clustering analysis to examine the population dynamics over a 4-year period. From 2019 to 2022, the population increased in eight areas and decreased in four areas. The population was further classified into five groups, identifying the unique characteristics and fluctuations of each group. Different regions had different percentages of groups reflecting the characteristics of their populations. The differences among the regions and demographic transition showed the potential to understand the challenges of recovery and to use the data to inform healthcare planning and social policies. This method, which utilizes estimated population data, is also applicable to the study of medical resources and social policies in the event of future disasters and may be useful in analyzing regional characteristics in detail.
What can we learn from high background radiation area (HBRA) studies in three Asian countries: India, China and Indonesia? Radiological aspects in various HBRAs
Authors: Kranrod Chutima , Kudo Hiromi , Tokonami Shinji 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Radiation is a pervasive natural phenomenon that has been present on earth since its inception. However, exposure to high background radiation levels can pose significant health risks to individuals living in affected areas. In recent years, several studies have been conducted in high background radiation areas (HBRAs), including high radon concentration areas, to understand the radiological aspects and the lessons learned of radiation exposure. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of radiological hazards and lessons learned from studies in high-background radiation areas in some countries of Asia (India, China and Indonesia). In this article, we will explore the hazards associated with radiation exposure from terrestrial radiation and additionally radon inhalation, the different studies conducted in HBRA and the lessons learned from these studies. Ultimately, this article aims to provide a better understanding of the radiological aspects of HBRAs and to identify the key lessons learned from previous studies to prevent future health risks. Likewise, research conducted in different high-background radiation areas in some countries of Asia has provided valuable insights into the radiological aspects of these areas and their potential impact on human health.
Networking in biological and physical retrospective dosimetry in Europe and beyond
Authors: Ainsbury Elizabeth A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ionizing radiation is of huge benefit to society; however, the risks of radiation overexposure in occupational settings or due to accidents or other incidents are of growing concern, not least due to the potential implications for exposed individuals in terms of acute high dose (e.g. ARS) and/or longer term low dose health effects such as cancer or genetic effects. This manuscript considers the state of the art for biological and ‘fortuitous’ physical retrospective dose estimation either in blood or in materials being carried by suspected exposed individuals, respectively, in support of routine and emergency radiation incident response, and the potential future progress in this fascinating and active field. In recent years, international experts in this field have engaged in active collaboration and networking on support of these goals, and continued efforts in this area will ensure the global community remains ready to respond to radiation accidents and incidents. In addition, over and above improved dose and exposure characterization in the field of radiation emergency medicine, scientific developments in biological markers may contribute to potential contributions to individualized or stratified risk estimation in molecular epidemiology to assess long term, low dose radiation risk; in personalized medical dosimetry for better justification and optimization for use of radiation in such settings, and even perhaps for potential future situations involving radiation exposure, for example protection of individuals traveling to space.
Extracellular vesicles role in radio(nuclide)therapy
Authors: Constanzo J , Pouget J-P 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Conventional radiation therapy can restore the ability of cells to undergo immunogenic cell death. Recent preclinical studies suggest that targeted radionuclide therapy, which delivers radiation to tumors at a continuous low dose rate, also stimulates the immune system and offers a promising approach for overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this context, we examined the growing body of preclinical and clinical findings showing that the immune system can be activated by the release of extracellular vesicles from irradiated cells, contributing to the antitumor immunity.
Survivalist mobilities: freedom of movement and the economic lives of settlement refugees in Uganda
Authors: Gidron Yotam 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article draws upon qualitative and quantitative data from Uganda to explore the ways in which mobility supports the livelihoods of refugees in rural settlements. It shows how, under conditions of extreme precarity and against the background of gradual reductions in humanitarian aid, refugees resort to short distance ‘survivalist mobilities’ underpinned by economic desperation. While trips to urban areas are rare and infrequent, refugees regularly move out of the settlements to access firewood, vegetation, and farmland and to engage in casual labour and petty trade. Such activities enable day-to-day survival, but there are structural constraints that prevent them from becoming sustainable livelihoods that allow for stability or growth. The article challenges the common description of mobility in policy and scholarly discourse as empowering, natural, and essential for the socio-economic progress of refugees, as well as some of the assumptions underpinning current refugee ‘self-reliance’ policies in Uganda.
Uniform interpolation via nested sequents and hypersequents
Authors: van der Giessen Iris , Jalali Raheleh , Kuznets Roman 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A modular proof-theoretic framework was recently developed to prove Craig interpolation for normal modal logics based on generalizations of sequent calculi (e.g. nested sequents, hypersequents and labelled sequents). In this paper, we turn to uniform interpolation, which is stronger than Craig interpolation. We develop a constructive method for proving uniform interpolation via nested sequents and apply it to reprove the uniform interpolation property for normal modal logics $\textsf{K}$, $\textsf{D}$ and $\textsf{T}$. We then use the know-how developed for nested sequents to apply the same method to hypersequents and obtain the first direct proof of uniform interpolation for $\textsf{S5}$ via a cut-free sequent-like calculus. While our method is proof-theoretic, the definition of uniform interpolation for nested sequents and hypersequents also uses semantic notions, including bisimulation modulo an atomic proposition.
Assessing Racial and Educational Segmentation in Large Marriage Markets
Authors: Ciscato Edoardo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Complementarities between partners’ characteristics are often held responsible for the patterns of assortative mating observed in marriage markets along different dimensions, such as race and education. However, when the marriage market is segmented into racially and educationally homogeneous clusters, people naturally have more match opportunities with their likes. In this paper, we build an empirically tractable dynamic matching model with endogenous separation and remarriage. In every period, agents participate in a competitive matching game with transferable utility, where mating strategies depend on both the expected match gains and search frictions in the form of meeting costs. We leverage panel data on the duration of both non-cohabiting and cohabiting relationships to jointly estimate both determinants of assortative mating with a nationally representative sample of the U.S. population. We show that, in the absence of search frictions, the share of matches between people of the same race (education) would decrease from 88.2% (49.2%) to 55.5% (40.8%), as opposed to 53.3% (33.5%) if singles were randomly matched. As a result, search frictions explain nearly all the racial homogamy observed in the data, but only approximately half of the observed educational homogamy, with the other half attributed to match complementarities. In a counterfactual exercise, we show that minority groups experiencing an unfavourable gender ratio when marriage markets are segmented, such as Hispanic men and Black women, would benefit from access to a broader and more diverse pool of partners.
Relationship Between Clozapine-Induced Inflammation and Eosinophilia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kikuchi Yuki , Otsuka Yuji , Ito Fumiaki , Yada Yuji , Tanifuji Hiroaki , Komatsu Hiroshi , Tomita Hiroaki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Eosinophilia has not been highlighted in clozapine-induced adverse inflammatory events, as it is often asymptomatic and self-limiting, while drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome occurs rarely. This study aimed to reveal the temporal relationships between eosinophilia and other inflammatory events during clozapine initiation.

Study Design
The temporal relationships between eosinophilia and other inflammatory events were evaluated among 241 patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine for the first time at 7 hospitals. Risk factors for eosinophilia were investigated among preceding inflammatory events and other clinical characteristics. Furthermore, patients with eosinophilia were stratified by the severity of adverse inflammatory events and their clinical characteristics were compared.

Study Results
Of the 54 patients who experienced inflammatory adverse events, 27 (50%) developed eosinophilia. In all but 1 patient, clinical symptoms of inflammatory adverse events preceded eosinophilia. In contrast, of the 187 patients without inflammatory events, 21 (11%) developed eosinophilia. Multivariate analysis revealed that more severe preceding inflammatory adverse events were associated with a greater risk of eosinophilia. The median time to the first detection of eosinophilia and peak eosinophil count occurred significantly earlier in patients with severe adverse events than in asymptomatic patients.

Conclusions
In most cases, eosinophilia developed after the onset of inflammatory symptoms. Preceding inflammation was associated with the development of clozapine-induced eosinophilia. Eosinophilia may not be suitable as an early detection marker of severe inflammatory adverse effects. These findings enhanced our understanding of the involvement of eosinophilia in clozapine-induced inflammatory events.
Integrated analysis of miRNA–mRNA regulatory networks in Anoectochilus roxburghii in response to blue laser light
Authors: Li Hansheng , Cheng Chunzhen , Chen Mulan , Li Yuqing , Li Jinkun , Ye Wei , Sun Gang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lind. has significant medicinal and economic value, and the social demand for this species is increasing annually. Laser light sources have different luminescent mechanisms compared with ordinary light sources and are also important factors regulating the synthesis of functional metabolites in A. roxburghii. However, the regulatory mechanism through which A. roxburghii responds to blue laser light has not been investigated. Previous studies have shown that blue-laser treatment results in more red leaves than blue- or white-light treatment. Here, the differences in the effects of laser treatment on A. roxburghii were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that the membranes, calcium ion binding, brassinosteroid-mediated signaling pathway and response to salicylic acid play important roles in the response of A. roxburghii to blue laser light. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed the involvement of multiple pathways in the response to blue-laser treatment, and among these, beta biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, thiamine metabolism, limonene and pinene biosynthesis, and peroxisomes play core roles. Cytoscape interaction analysis of the differentially expressed miRNA targets indicated that novel_miR_66, novel_miR_78 and novel_miR_212 were most likely involved in the effect of blue laser light on A. roxburghii. Metabolic content measurements showed that blue laser light increased the beet red pigment, thiamine, total flavonoid and limonene contents, and qPCR analysis confirmed that novel_miR_21, novel_miR_66, novel_miR_188 and novel_miR_194 might participate in the blue-laser signaling network through their target genes and thereby regulate the functional metabolite accumulation in A. roxburghii. This study provides a scientific basis for high-yield A. roxburghii production.
Clinical Safety and Efficacy of Dual Wavelength Low-Level Light Therapy in Androgenetic Alopecia: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Thomas Meryl , Stockslager Max , Oakley John , Womble Thomas Matthew , Sinclair Rodney 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
The light-emitting diode cap being investigated is FDA cleared for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA).

OBJECTIVE
Evaluating 3 versions of a red and blue light LED cap: (1) 625- and 660-nm red light, (2) 425-nm blue light, and (3) both 425-nm blue light and 625- and 660-nm red light against sham.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Twenty-six-week, multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blinded study. Adults aged 18 to 65 years with AGA were randomized to an active device or sham and underwent 10-minute treatments daily.

RESULTS
One hundred sixty subjects were randomized. Ninety-one subjects were excluded for the per-protocol analysis. The per-protocol population included participants who completed 16 weeks of treatment, had no major protocol violations, and were at least 80% treatment compliant. Although the primary endpoint (mean change in non-vellus hair count from baseline to week 16) did not reach statistical significance in the individual study arms, in the pooled analysis (combining the 3 active study arms), there was a statistically significant (p = .033) difference versus sham. The pooled study cap group achieved 28.5 more hairs per cm2 when compared with sham.

CONCLUSION
The LED caps were well tolerated and increased hair density in patients with AGA.