bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTENSITY OF LIPID PEROXIDAL OXIDATION PROCESSES IN RATS' BLOOD AT CONTINUOUS CADMIUM AND LEAD LOAD
Authors: Slobodian S. O. , Gutyj B. V. 
Published: August 2020

Lead and Cadmium are attributed to thiol poisons due to their ability to bind to SH groups of proteins. The aim of the study was to study the effect of Cadmium and Lead salts on the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in the blood of rats. The experiments were performed on male rats of the Wistar line, weighing 200–220 g, from which 4 groups of animals were formed: control and 3 experimental groups. Control rats were administered drinking water through a metal probe in a volume equivalent to the volume of aqueous solution of Cd2 + and Pb2 + salts. The animals of the first experimental group were administered a 0.029% aqueous solution of cadmium chloride at a dose of 4.0 mg / kg. Animals of the second experimental group were administered a 16.6% aqueous solution of lead acetate at a dose of 200 mg / kg. Animals of the third experimental group were administered 16.6% aqueous lead acetate solution at a dose of 100 mg / kg and 0.029% aqueous cadmium chloride solution at a dose of 2.0 mg / kg.
The administration of cadmium chloride and lead acetate to the body leads to the accumulation in the blood of rats of the experimental groups of both intermediate and final products of lipid peroxidation. A significant increase in the level of lipid peroxidation products was observed in the blood of rats of all three study groups from the first day of the experiment. With cadmium and lead combined, rats were found to have the highest levels of diene conjugates and TBA-active products compared to the first and second experimental groups. On the 28th day of the experiment, the level of lipid peroxidation oxidation products in the blood of rats of the third experimental group increased by 76.1%, and the level of TBA-active products - by 38.4% relative to the control group. These changes in the level of lipid peroxidation products indicate an increase in the intensity of radical formation processes. Peroxide oxidation forms, at almost all stages of its course, a number of products that result from the interaction of free radicals with each other and with biological macromolecules.
The investigations made it possible to reveal the pathogenesis of Cadmium and Lead toxic effects on the rat organism more deeply and to use these data in the development of antidote for cadmium-lead intoxication.
ASPECTS OF IMMUNIZATION OF BIRDS BY CULTURAL VACCINES AGAINST DISEASES FOWL POX
Authors: Yusifova K. Y. 
Published: August 2020

A serious problem for the development of industrial avian diseases is the emergence of viral diseases, in particular fowl pox virus. Improvement of dysfunctional farms for fowl pox, elimination of foci of pathogens are the most difficult problems facing modern veterinary science and practice. Outbreaks in poultry farms, leading to the need for veterinary and sanitary measures, are a way to protect the poultry from infection on the farm, which is very expensive. In recent years, attempts have been made to improve the means for specific prophylaxis of avian fowl pox diseases. This article describes the widespread use of the cultural vaccine in poultry farming, notes the promise of a cultured cell system, quail embryos, characteristic of economy, the absence of extraneous contaminants, the stability of biological properties, which facilitates the work with them, and is of no small importance in the production of vaccines.
The article describes the analysis of the possible cultivation of the strain "Baku".
It is also shown that embryos of Japanese origin are more convenient and advantageous tissues for the cultural production of primary cell systems, as well as for biological mass, vaccine production, simplicity, economy, lack of extraneous contaminants and biological properties. It is shown that the culture of the cells of Japanese quail embryos is a promising system for creating highly immunogenic agents that provide special protection against diseases lacking extraneous contaminants and stable biological properties.
Hubungan Berat Badan dengan Kualitas Tidur pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana Angkatan 2016
Authors: Hasan Mohamad Naim Bin , William William , Rumiati Flora 
Published: August 2020

Kelebihan berat badan merupakan faktor independen yang berkontribusi terhadap kualitas tidur yang buruk. Sleep apnea merupakan timbulnya episode abnormal pada frekuensi napas yang berhubungan dengan penyempitan saluran napas atas pada saat tidur. Sleep apnea dapat berupa henti napas (apnea) atau menurunnya ventilasi yang akan menyebabkan gangguan bernapas saat tidur. Semakin besar nilai Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) atau bertambahnya berat badan, kemungkinan untuk mengalami Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) semakin tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara IMT dengan kualitas tidur pada mahasiswa kedokteran angkatan 2016 FKIK Ukrida. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian cross sectional dengan menggunakan studi komparatif, yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan antara IMT dengan kualitas tidur pada mahasiswa golongan berat badan lebih dan berat badan normal. Teknik sampling yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Sebanyak 88 responden berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini, terdiri dari 44 mahasiswa yang mempunyai berat badan normal dan 44 mahasiswa yang mempunyai berat badan lebih. Responden mengisi kuesioner Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 64 responden (72,7%) mempunyai kualitas tidur buruk, dan 24 responden (27,3%) memiliki kualitas tidur yang baik, serta durasi tidur terbanyak adalah < 6 jam. Berdasarkan uji Chi-Square, disimpulkan adanya hubungan antara berat badan dengan kualitas tidur (p = 0,000, p < 0,05) pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran angkatan 2016 FKIK Ukrida.
ANALISA SWOT PADA PENGUATAN KELOMPOK TANI SAYUR ORGANIK
Authors: Nur Fauzi  , Suswadi  , K. Prasetyowati  
Published: August 2020

Nur Fauzi, B0216023. 2020. Argoayuningtani Farmer Group Development Strategy in Organic Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Farming in Senden Village, Selo District, Boyolali Regency. Skripsi.Supervisor I Ir. Sutarno, M.Si, Supervisor II Ir. Suswadi, M.Si., Agribusiness Study Program, Bachelor, Tunas Pembangunan University of Surakarta.
An organization must have a careful planning and strategy. Strategy is very influential on organizational development. This study aims to determine the internal and external factors that influence the development of Argoayuningtani farmer groups in organic tomato farming. Method research that is used is the analysis of SWOT to identify factors internal and external are then analyzed using matrix IFE, EFE, SWOT, IE, and QSP.The results of the study based on the analysis of the IFE matrix get the main strengths that are according to SOP/ GAP/ GHP and good quality Human Resources of members with a score of 0.268,while the main weakness is having a planting plan but not yet implementing it with a score of 0.118 and obtaining a total score of 2.941 means that the Argoayuningtani farmer group has a strong internal position. Based on the EFE matrix analysis, the main opportunity is the active role of the instructor with a weight score of 0.352 while the main threat is land adjacent to conventional land with a score of 0.252 and a total score of 3.021 means that the external position of the farmer group is above average. In IE matrix analysis Argoayuningtani farmer group is in cell II which means that Argoyuningtani farmer group is in a position of growing and developing. Whereas based on QSP matrix analysis, it is found that the priority of development strategies that can be applied in the Argoayuningtani farmer group is to improve human resource skills to realize the goals with the highest STAS value of 6.20.
UJI EFIKASI EKSTRAK DAUN MAHONI (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jaqc.) TERHADAP HAMA ULAT GRAYAK (Spodoptera litura F.) DAN HASIL TANAMAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Endang Suprapti  , Dwi Susilo Utami  , Tyas Soemarah K.D  , Haryuni  
Published: August 2020

Indonesia has a huge, biological resources as a plant which can be used as a pesticide natural mahogany. The plant pesticide vegetable is pesticide, plant are based with the active ingredient and control of organism. Obstacles in cultivation of plant peanuts is Spodoptera litura F. pest attacks. Which result in a decrease in productivity and seeds being broken. The purpose of this evaluation to understand the influence of extract mahogany leaves and intensity of attacks against the percentage caterpillar in plants peanut , to know intervals of time the application of appropriate to reduce the percentage of and intensity of pest attacks , and to know the influence of the interaction of concentration and intervals of time application extract mahogany leaves. This research in a random complete the group consisting of two factors.The first concentration extract leaves mahogany and the second factor intervals of time application .But the research referred to as follows 1 ) the first , the extract leaves mahogany (A) : A0: 0 % (control), A1 : 8% , A2 : 10%, A3: 12% , 2) factors second , the time interval application (B): B1: every day once upon 3 , B2 : every day once upon 5, B3 : every day once upon 7. Every treatment repeated 3 times. The results of the study show concentration extract leaves mahogany to reduce caterpillar grayak pest attacks .Extract leaves mahogany with intervals of time the application had an influence on the percentage and intensity of pest attacks caterpillar and influential on the parameter the results of .The percentage of highest attack A0B3 38,05 % the lowest percentage A3B1 3,91 % as much as . For the intensity of the attack highest A0B3 25,77 % and the lowest A3B1 13,76 % as much as .The results of fresh pods peanut the highest A3B1 (6,0608 t /ha) and the lowest A1B3 with the results of (0,5431 t /ha).
Erythrocytes as Carriers of Indinavir: Preparation, Characterization, In vitro and In vivo Pharmacokinetic Evaluation in Rats
Authors: D. V. R. N. Bhikshapathi , A Shiva Krishna , M Ramesh , G Suresh , S Jyothi Sri 
Published: August 2020

Indinavir is a protease inhibitor of the human immuno-deficiency virus. Indinavir is commercially available as capsule of 200 mg and 400 mg. Adult dose is 800 mg every 8 h. i.e., 2400 mg per day is equivalent to 6 capsules per day. No other dosage form is available in the market. Sustained release dosage form of indinavir can produce maximum therapeutic effect with minimum side effects and achieve better patient compliance. Various carriers have been used for the drug targeting among which cellular carriers such as erythrocytes offer greater potential advantages than other system. The drug is never free in circulation thus reducing toxicity and the drug half-life in circulation increases thus kinetic patterns. Antiretroviral-loaded erythrocytes offer a promising therapy against HIV owing to their potential to deliver this kind of drugs to macrophages and reticulo-endothelial (RES) tissues. The aim of the present investigation was to develop and optimize antiretroviral indinavir encapsulated in rat erythrocytes. In this study, the encapsulation of indinavir by rat erythrocytes prepared and compared with indinavir dissolved in normal saline. The prepared formulations were administered to rats by intravenous route and plasma samples was analysed by LC-MS/MS technique. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using Win-nonlin software. The prepared indinavir loaded erythrocytes showed enhanced bioavailability in equal dose due to higher extent of absorption owing to its retention in erythrocytes and releasing the drug slowly. Indinavir demonstrated a sustained release from loaded erythrocytes over a period of 36 h, which suggests a potential use of the erythrocyte as a slow systemic release system for antiretroviral drugs.
Pharmacological Evaluation of Anti-ulcer Activity of Caesalpinia crista in Rats
Authors: Patel Kintu , Patel Bhagyabhumi , Patel Alkesh , Shah Samir 
Published: August 2020

In present study, we evaluated the antiulcer activity of the herbal preparation of Caesalpinia crista in rat models. Experimental animals were divided into four groups. Rats of group I (disease control) treated with normal saline only, group II (standard group) treated with Omeprazole (2 mg/ kg; p.o.), group III and IV served as test groups and were treated with Caesalpinia crista extract (CE) in the dose of 250 mg/ kg and 500 mg/ kg orally respectively. Peptic ulcer was induced by ligating the pyloric portion of rat stomach and was done 45 min after the respective treatment. After 4 hour of pylorus ligation, rats were sacrificed. Parameters like ulcer index, percent ulcer protection, total and free acidity were estimated for evaluation of anti-ulcer activity. Histopathological evaluation was also performed. The aqueous extract of Caesalpinia crista seeds reduced the volume of gastric juice, free acidity, total acidity and ulcer index. It increased the pH of the gastric acid. Histopathology of the rat stomach revealed the presence of lesions and infiltration of inflammatory cells in control group. Moreover, animals treated with test drug and standard drug did not reveal any microscopic lesions. These findings suggest that Caesalpinia crista seeds may have anti-secretory and anti-ulcer activity and may be helpful for ulcer therapy.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antidiabetic Activity of Novel Thiazolidine Derivatives
Authors: Prachand Sumeet , Gupta Arun K , Gilhotra Ritu 
Published: August 2020

Rhodamines are five-member heterocyclic having nitrogen and sulphur atoms in their ring structure respectively and exhibiting potent as well as wide range of pharmacological activities. A series of 4-((4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylidene) methyl) phenyl substituted benzoate derivatives were synthesized. Benzoic acid derivatives reacted with rhodanine to yield the respective derivatives. This reaction follows the Knoevenagel condensation reaction mechanism by which ethanolamine abstract a proton from heterocyclic ring and a carbanion ion is generated. The structure of synthesize compounds were supported by IR, NMR and mass spectral data. The synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro antidiabetic activity by α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase inhibition, glucose diffusion inhibitory test and the potential compounds tested for in vivo activity by blood glucose and body weight changes, serum insulin, Hb, HbA1c, and total protein levels changes, and lipid profiles changes in type 2 diabetic rats.
Design and Preclinical Evaluation of Gastroretentive Floating Tablets of Quetiapine Fumerate
Authors: P Poornima , K Abbulu , K Mukkanti 
Published: August 2020

The present study was focused on gastro-retentive tablets of quetiapine fumarate using hydrophilic polymers HPMC K250 PH PRM, HPMC K750 PH PRM and HPMC K1500 PH PRM as release retarding agents. WSR 301 was chosen as resin, sodium bicarbonate was used as effervescent agents. FTIR studies revealed that there is no interaction between the drug and polymers used for the formulation. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method and the release rate was found to decrease with proportional increase in the ratio of polymer to drug. Quetiapine fumarate is absorbed well from stomach and therefore is a very good drug to be formulated into gastro retentive floating dosage form. In-vitro release profile of quetiapine fumarate and marketed product when compared, the optimized formulation F19 showed drug release of 98.65% within 24 h whereas 96.78% of the drug was released from the marketed product within 1h. The optimized formulation remained stable when subjected to accelerated stability studies. In vivo radiographic studies of quetiapine fumarate optimized formulation (F19) supported the expectations in prolonging the gastric residence time in the fasted state in beagle dogs. Cmax and AUC values of optimized formulation were found to be significantly higher than of marketed product. In conclusion, gastro-retention can be a promising approach to enhance bioavailability of quetiapine fumarate with narrow absorption window in upper GIT.
Pharmaceutical and Biotechnological Applications of Transgenic Technology
Authors: Reddy D Samba , Reddy Tina 
Published: August 2020

A transgenic animal is a genetically modified species in which researchers have modified an existing gene or genes by genetic engineering techniques. Genetic modification involves the mutation, insertion, or deletion of genes. Mouse is the most widely used mammalian species for creating transgenic lines. There are two types of transgenic animals: (i) gene deleted (“knock-out”) and (ii) gene overexpressed (“knock-in”). The loss or gain of gene activity often causes changes in a mouse's phenotype, which includes appearance, behavior and other observable characteristics. Knockout mice are key animal models for studying the role of genes which have been sequenced but whose functions have not been determined. They include constitutive knockouts (gene deleted since birth) and conditional knockout (gene turned off later after birth). The first knockout mouse was created in 1989 by Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans, and Oliver Smithies, for which they were awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Transgenic mouse models have revolutionized the biomedical research and provided a power tool for understanding health and disease. Transgenic animals have been created for bulk production of biotechnology and pharmaceutical products. In 2009, the FDA approved the first human biological drug ATryn, an anticoagulant extracted from the transgenic goat's milk. The recently discovered CRISPER gene editing technology is providing new frontiers in correcting abnormal genes and hopefully provide cures for genetic diseases in the future.
Formulation, Characterization and Solubility Enhancement of Manidipine Solid Dispersions
Authors: A Laxmi Raj , Kumar Y. Shravan 
Published: August 2020

The study was aimed to formulate solid dispersions of Manidipine by using different novel carriers like Labrafac PG, Kolliwax RH 40, Soluplus, Kolliwax GMS II, Kolliphor EL and SLS in drug carrier ratio by using solvent evaporation method. The formulations were characterized for physical appearance, solubility and in vitro dissolution studies. The optimized formulation was characterized and Formulation SD13 was found to be optimized one based on the solubility, dissolution and other parameters using Kolliwax GMS II and SLS. The drug release of the optimized formulation was found to be 99.41±5.38% within 90 min. Powder X-ray diffraction studies performed on solid dispersion showed that Manidipine existed in the amorphous form within the solid dispersion formulation fabricated using the solvent evaporation process. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy studies suggested the conversion of crystalline Manidipine to an amorphous form. Therefore, the solid dispersions using Kolliwax GMS II as hydrophilic carrier in the combination of SLS can be successfully used for improvement of solubility and dissolution of Manidipine.
Formulation and Optimization of Solid-Lipid Nano-particles of the Anticancer Drug Bortezomib
Authors: K Taraka Sunil Kumar , Varma M. Mohan , P Ravi Prakash 
Published: August 2020

Solid-lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are an alternative carrier system used for loading the drug for targeting, improving the bioavailability by increasing its solubility, and protecting the drug from presystemic metabolism. The avoidance of presystemic metabolism is due to the nanometric size range so that the liver cannot uptake the drug from the delivery system and is not metabolized by the liver. Bortezomib is an anti-cancer drug. Due to its poor oral bioavailability, presystemic metabolism and decreased half-life, it was chosen to formulate as the SLN system with the use of a 3-factor, 3-level Box–Behnken design, by hot homogenization followed by an ultrasonication method. Trimyristin (Dynasan-114), tripalmitin (Dynasan 116) and tristearin (Dynasan-118) were used as lipids and based on the results from the initial studies tripalmitin (Dynasan116) was selected as the lipid for the further studies along with phosphatidylcholine as surfactant and Poloxamer 188 as stabilizer. The optimized formulation (F1) was obtained with minimum particle size (204 nm), maximum entrapment efficiency (70.24) and drug loading (21.24). The optimised batches were further investigated by FTIR, DSC, XRD, SEM and stability. In vitro release studies showed that maximum cumulative drug release was obtained for F1 (99.74%). The optimized formulation Bortezomib followed zero-order release kinetics with a strong correlation coefficient (R2= 0.9994). The nanoformulation prepared under optimized conditions is in concurrence with the expected results. It is concluded that the SLN formulation can be used as a potential carrier for the effective delivery of Bortezomib.
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Topical Delivery of Acitretin for the Treatment of Psoriasis by Design of Experiment
Authors: Aland Rajkumar , M Ganesan , Rao P. Rajeswara , D. V. R. N. Bhikshapathi 
Published: August 2020

The main objective for this investigation is to develop and optimize the solid lipid nanoparticles formulation of acitretin for the effective drug delivery. Acitretin loaded SLNs were prepared by hot homogenization followed by the ultrasonication using Taguchi’s orthogonal array with eight parameters that could affect the particle size and entrapment efficiency. Based on the results from the analyses of the responses obtained from Taguchi design, three different independent variables including surfactant concentration (%), lipid to drug ratio (w/w) and sonication time (s) were selected for further investigation using central composite design. The lipid Dynasan-116, surfactant poloxomer-188 and co surfactant egg lecithin resulted in better percent drug loading and evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and stability. All parameters were found to be in an acceptable range. TEM analysis has demonstrated the presence of individual nanoparticles in spherical shape and the results were compatible with particle size measurements. In vitro drug release of optimized SLN formulation (F2) was found to be 95.63 ± 1.52%, whereas pure drug release was 30.12 after 60 min and the major mechanism of drug release follows first order kinetics release data for optimized formulation (F2) with non-Fickian (anomalous) with a strong correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.94572) of Korsemeyer-Peppas model. The total drug content of acitretin gel formulation was found to 99.86 ± 0.012% and the diameter of gel formulation was 6.9 ± 0.021 cm and that of marketed gel was found to be 5.7 ± 0.06 cm, indicating better spreadability of SLN based gel formulation. The viscosity of gel formulation at 5 rpm was found to be 6.1 x 103 ± 0.4 x 103 cp. The release rate (flux) of acitretin across the membrane and excised skin differs significantly, which indicates about the barrier properties of skin. The flux value for SLN based gel formulation (182.754 ± 3.126 μg cm−2 h−1) was found to be higher than that for marketed gel (122.345 ± 4.786 μg cm−2 h−1). The higher flux and Kp values of SLN based gel suggest that it might be able to enter the skin easily as compared with marketed gel with an advantage of low interfacial tension of the emulsifier film that ensures an excellent contact to the skin. This topically oriented SLN based gel formulation could be useful in providing site-specific dermal treatment of psoriasis