bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Octocorals outcompete scleractinian corals in a degraded reef
Authors: Rodriguez M V B , Segumalian C S , Lalas J A A , Maningas J M C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Competition among benthic organisms plays an important role in coral population dynamics in degraded reefs. In this study, interspecific interactions between scleractinians and octocorals and larval settlement of scleractinians near selected octocorals in Lucero, a degraded reef in Bolinao, Pangasinan, northwestern Philippines were assessed. Competitive index (CI) was computed based on species interactions (i.e., direct interaction, overgrowth) observed on the reef. The coral settlement near alcyonacean octocorals (i.e., Sarcophyton, Sinularia), blue coral (Heliopora), and substrate without octocorals (control) were monitored by deployment and retrieval of settlement plates on the reef in February and May 2018. Results showed that octocorals were more aggressive towards other species (CI between 1.00 and 0.20). Heliopora was subordinate (CI = -0.10) to octocorals, but relatively competitive than scleractinians. Scleractinian coral settlement is inhibited by octocorals and is reduced near Heliopora. Interspecific interactions indicate that octocorals present in the study site are more tolerant than other species; hence, it might be attributed to its higher competitive ability. Settlement inhibition by octocorals and Heliopora is indicative of the production of allelochemicals, a substance known to deter settlement. Considering the growth advantage of Heliopora over Sarcophyton and Sinularia, it is likely that Heliopora will dominate over scleractinians in a degraded reef of Lucero. However, this necessitates long-term monitoring using permanent quadrats to detect the large-scale effects of competition for space on the community structure of disturbed reefs.
Community leader perspectives on the utilization of seagrass ecosystem for marine tourism in Toli-toli, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Sondita M F A , Sunuddin A , Hestirianoto T , Darmansyah S , Kamal M M , Munib A A , Kurniawan F , Arkham M N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Seagrass ecosystem and dugongs (Dugong dugon) are significant features of the northern coastal areas of Toli-toli and its adjacent small islands. Local communities are familiar with the dugongs for some reasons, including activities threatening its population. Therefore, Dugong and Seagrass Conservation Project-Indonesia initiated conservation of the seagrass ecosystem and the dugongs in Toli-toli. Local communities, with supports from local governments, are keen to develop tourism to gain economic benefit from the conservation. Accordingly, the project allowed some local leaders an opportunity to learn from the Seribu Islands, an extraordinary location of marine tourism. This paper describes their learning process and immediate responses expressing perspectives on how their tourism should be developed. After being introduced to some key features of Seribu Island, local concerns, problem solutions, and discussed a concept of sustainable tourism in a small workshop, they concluded the tourism objects in their home are much better. They also were confident with the importance of conservation and aware of some negative impacts of tourism. The outcomes of this visit should be carefully noted by anyone who wants to involve in the tourism development that uses Toli-toli’s nature and culture as objects.
The impacts of policy implementation of cantrang prohibition for fishing activities in Paciran Sub-district, Lamongan Regency, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Syamsuddin A , Fauzi A , Fahrudin A , Anggraini E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Prohibition of Cantrang regulated by the Ministerial Decree of Maritime and Fisheries Affairs No. 2 year 2015 which was further amended to the decree No. 71 year 2016 have brought for some unexpected consequences on fishing activities and their related sectors in Lamongan, East Java. This research is particularly aimed at analyzing for both economic and social impacts of this policy in fishing activities in Paciran Sub-District, Lamongan Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The study was conducted from March to April 2019 in three different fishing villages. Data and information were collected using a deep interview technique. The gathered data were analyzed qualitatively. The results of this research exhibit that this policy of restricting the use of Cantrang has appeared to influence negatively the fishing activities for both fishermen and downstream sectors of fishing industries. Some aspects have been identified as the direct impacts of the policy such as reduced catch, lowering incomes of fishermen and regarding actors, fish shortage triggering high prices but not delivering better welfare for fishermen and other actors, and switching livelihoods for those who could not afford the condition. This research concludes that this policy has directly affected the economies of fishermen in the local level.
How Indonesia’s fisheries governance can achieve SDG’s 14? Linking problem and solution based on a root cause analysis approach
Authors: Zulbainarni N , Indrawan D , Khumaera N I 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
As sustainable development goals (SDG’s) 14 faces a challenge to achieve the target of sustainable fisheries management and governance. This paper’s objective is to assess the obstacle of Indonesia’s fisheries management and governance with regards to enabling factors in sustainable development related to business practitioners. Primary and secondary data were collected using previous literature, FGD and in-depth interviews. Indeed, we employed root cause analysis to examine the data with the possible impact on SDG’s 14. The results highlighted that disconnected activity and communication among stakeholders cause unsustainable fisheries management. The practice of business practitioners had not optimized capture fisheries management, including its post-harvest management. Therefore, limited welfare was achieved by the stakeholders involving, including fishermen. The fishing communities had limited knowledge and business capacity. The study suggested a platform design by the national fisheries institutions to support the fisheries business development and other related stakeholders. This study concluded that a national platform could improve fisheries business practitioners’ knowledge and capacity to engage in national planning to achieve SGD’s 14.
Assessment of Thalassia hemprichii seagrass metrics for biomonitoring of environmental status
Authors: Zulfikar A , Boer M , Adrianto L , Puspasari R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Seagrass has long been known to be very sensitive to environmental changes, especially caused by human activities and has been used as a bioindicator for environmental condition of ecosystems. This research aimed to study 19 Thalassia hemprichii metrics (10 measured and 9 derived metrics) at two organizational levels (individual and population), to explore and confirm these metrics for development of a multimetric index of environmental quality. Seagrass meadows was selected along a gradient of an anthropogenic disturbance at Kepulauan Seribu (inhabited and uninhabited locations, fixed effect, namedly Status), 4 sites for each location (random effect nested in status) within intertidal and subtidal zones (random effect across Sites). We also briefly described about social-ecological system of seagrass being studied using a qualitative network model, for an understanding of interaction that affects the exploited seagrass ecosystems. The significance of variability between states, sites, and zones were examined using linear mixed effect model followed by exploratory factor analysis in the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) framework (E/CFA strategy) to explore and confirm adequacy of the metrics as indicators for two-factor organizational levels (individual and population). Based on the analysis, leaf surface area, leaf wide, leaf area index, density, rhizome diameter, and Thalassia hemprichii cover differed significantly at the scale of interest and represented two levels of organizational levels (individual and population).
2D hematene, a bioresorbable electrocatalytic support for glucose oxidation
Authors: Zhang Zishuai , Vieira Daniela , Barralet Jake E , Merle Geraldine 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Towards the aim of developing implantable and fully biodegradable sensors and biofuel cells, 2D nanosheets of hematite have been exfoliated and processed into electrode materials for glucose sensing. Gold, (Au) nanoparticles were electrodeposited onto the 2D substrate to develop a sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensor. Despite a low loading of a catalyst, the composite achieved a sensitivity of 10 μA mM−1 cm−2, good linearity (0–3.2 mM) with a detection limit of 0.4 mM, a response time of less than 10 s, and long-term performance stability. These results make Au/Fe2O3 hematene nanosheet, a promising catalytic material not only for glucose monitoring but also from which to construct biofuel cells using glucose as fuel.
Stripe domains reorientation in ferromagnetic films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Garnier Louis-Charles , Marangolo Massimiliano , Eddrief Mahmoud , Bisero Diego , Fin Samuele , Casoli Francesca , Pini Maria Gloria , Rettori Angelo , Tacchi Silvia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Ferromagnetic thin films with moderate perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) are known to support weak stripe domains provided film thickness exceeds a critical value. In this work, we performed both an experimental and theoretical investigation of a peculiar phenomenon shown by weak stripe domains: namely, the stripe domains reorientation when a dc magnetic field is applied in the film plane along the direction perpendicular to the stripes axis. We focus on bct α′-Fe8N1−x
thin films obtained by

N

2

+

implantation of α-Fe films epitaxially grown on ZnSe/GaAs(001). By using different ion implantation and heat treatment conditions, we show that it is possible to tune the PMA values. Magnetic force microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer measurements prove the existence of weak stripe domains at remanence, and of a threshold field for the reorientation of the stripes axis in a transversal field. Using a one-dimensional model of the magnetic stripe domains, where the essential parameter is the maximum canting angle of the stripe magnetization out of the film plane, the various contributions to the magnetic energy can be separately calculated. A linear increase of the reorientation threshold field on the PMA is obtained, in qualitative agreement with experimental data in our Fe–N films, as well as in other thin films with weak stripe domains. Finally, we find that also the rotatable anisotropy field linearly increases as a function of the PMA magnitude.
The disability process: is there a place for frailty?
Authors: Zamudio-Rodríguez Alfonso , Letenneur Luc , Féart Catherine , Avila-Funes José Alberto , Amieva Hélène , Pérès Karine 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
frailty and disability are very common in older adults; they share some risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. Yet, they are different clinical entities.

Objectives
this study aimed to explore a potential hierarchical relationship between frailty and disability along the continuum of the disablement process.

Design
prospective cohort study.

Setting
the French Three-City (3C) study.

Subjects
the sample included 943 participants aged 75 and older.

Methods
the Fried frailty phenotype, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) and basic Activities of Daily Living (ADL) were used. We distinguished between four mutually excluding groups: (i) robust (no frailty and no disability); (ii) pure frailty (no disability); (iii) frailty with IADL disability (no ADL disability) and (iv) frailty with IADL and ADL disabilities. We used Cox’s regression models to study the 4-year mortality risk associated with each status.

Results
Eight-two per cent of participants were classified according to the assumed hierarchy: 61.3% was robust, 5.4% frail, 10.5% frail and IADL-disabled and 4.8% frail, IADL and ADL-disabled. An extra group of 17% was identified with IADL-disabled individuals without frailty. This extra group was similar to pure frailty in terms of characteristics and risk of death, placing them along the continuum at an intermediate stage between robustness and the two most disabled sub-groups.

Conclusions
our findings suggest that including frailty along the continuum could be relevant to describe the whole disablement process. Frailty would occur upstream of the process and might be relevant to identify an opportune time window, where specific monitoring and clinical interventions could be implemented in order to interrupt the process at a potentially more reversible stage.
Discovering and interpreting transcriptomic drivers of imaging traits using neural networks
Authors: Smedley Nova F , El-Saden Suzie , Hsu William 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Cancer heterogeneity is observed at multiple biological levels. To improve our understanding of these differences and their relevance in medicine, approaches to link organ- and tissue-level information from diagnostic images and cellular-level information from genomics are needed. However, these ‘radiogenomic’ studies often use linear or shallow models, depend on feature selection, or consider one gene at a time to map images to genes. Moreover, no study has systematically attempted to understand the molecular basis of imaging traits based on the interpretation of what the neural network has learned. These studies are thus limited in their ability to understand the transcriptomic drivers of imaging traits, which could provide additional context for determining clinical outcomes.

Results
We present a neural network-based approach that takes high-dimensional gene expression data as input and performs non-linear mapping to an imaging trait. To interpret the models, we propose gene masking and gene saliency to extract learned relationships from radiogenomic neural networks. In glioblastoma patients, our models outperformed comparable classifiers (&gt;0.10 AUC) and our interpretation methods were validated using a similar model to identify known relationships between genes and molecular subtypes. We found that tumor imaging traits had specific transcription patterns, e.g. edema and genes related to cellular invasion, and 10 radiogenomic traits were significantly predictive of survival. We demonstrate that neural networks can model transcriptomic heterogeneity to reflect differences in imaging and can be used to derive radiogenomic traits with clinical value.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/novasmedley/deepRadiogenomics.

Contact
whsu@mednet.ucla.edu

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Interactive effects of HIV and ageing on neural oscillations: independence from neuropsychological performance
Authors: Lew Brandon J , O’Neill Jennifer , Rezich Michael T , May Pamela E , Fox Howard S , Swindells Susan , Wilson Tony W 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHIV infection is associated with increased age-related co-morbidities including cognitive deficits, leading to hypotheses of HIV-related premature or accelerated ageing. Impairments in selective attention and the underlying neural dynamics have been linked to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder; however, the effect of ageing in this context is not yet understood. Thus, the current study aimed to identify the interactive effects of ageing and HIV on selective attention processing. A total of 165 participants (92 controls, 73 participants with HIV) performed a visual selective attention task while undergoing magnetoencephalography and were compared cross-sectionally. Spectrally specific oscillatory neural responses during task performance were imaged and linked with selective attention function. Reaction time on the task and regional neural activity were analysed with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models aimed at examining the age-by-HIV interaction term. Finally, these metrics were evaluated with respect to clinical measures such as global neuropsychological performance, duration of HIV infection and medication regimen. Reaction time analyses showed a significant HIV-by-age interaction, such that in controls older age was associated with greater susceptibility to attentional interference, while in participants with HIV, such susceptibility was uniformly high regardless of age. In regard to neural activity, theta-specific age-by-HIV interaction effects were found in the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices. In participants with HIV, neuropsychological performance was associated with susceptibility to attentional interference, while time since HIV diagnosis was associated with parietal activity above and beyond global neuropsychological performance. Finally, current efavirenz therapy was also related to increased parietal interference activity. In conclusion, susceptibility to attentional interference in younger participants with HIV approximated that of older controls, suggesting evidence of HIV-related premature ageing. Neural activity serving attention processing indicated compensatory recruitment of posterior parietal cortex as participants with HIV infection age, which was related to the duration of HIV infection and was independent of neuropsychological performance, suggesting an altered trajectory of neural function.
Adenosine kinase inhibition promotes proliferation of neural stem cells after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Gebril Hoda M , Rose Rizelle Mae , Gesese Raey , Emond Martine P , Huo Yuqing , Aronica Eleonora , Boison Detlev 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health concern and remains a leading cause of disability and socio-economic burden. To date, there is no proven therapy that promotes brain repair following an injury to the brain. In this study, we explored the role of an isoform of adenosine kinase expressed in the cell nucleus (ADK-L) as a potential regulator of neural stem cell proliferation in the brain. The rationale for this hypothesis is based on coordinated expression changes of ADK-L during foetal and postnatal murine and human brain development indicating a role in the regulation of cell proliferation and plasticity in the brain. We first tested whether the genetic disruption of ADK-L would increase neural stem cell proliferation after TBI. Three days after TBI, modelled by a controlled cortical impact, transgenic mice, which lack ADK-L (ADKΔneuron) in the dentate gyrus (DG) showed a significant increase in neural stem cell proliferation as evidenced by significant increases in doublecortin and Ki67-positive cells, whereas animals with transgenic overexpression of ADK-L in dorsal forebrain neurons (ADK-Ltg) showed an opposite effect of attenuated neural stem cell proliferation. Next, we translated those findings into a pharmacological approach to augment neural stem cell proliferation in the injured brain. Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were treated with the small molecule adenosine kinase inhibitor 5-iodotubercidin for 3 days after the induction of TBI. We demonstrate significantly enhanced neural stem cell proliferation in the DG of 5-iodotubercidin-treated mice compared to vehicle-treated injured animals. To rule out the possibility that blockade of ADK-L has any effects in non-injured animals, we quantified baseline neural stem cell proliferation in ADKΔneuron mice, which was not altered, whereas baseline neural stem cell proliferation in ADK-Ltg mice was enhanced. Together these findings demonstrate a novel function of ADK-L involved in the regulation of neural stem cell proliferation after TBI.
Tadalafil may improve cerebral perfusion in small-vessel occlusion stroke—a pilot study
Authors: Ölmestig Joakim , Marlet Ida R , Hansen Rasmus H , Rehman Shazia , Krawcyk Rikke Steen , Rostrup Egill , Lambertsen Kate L , Kruuse Christina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNew treatments for cerebral small-vessel disease are needed to reduce the risk of small-vessel occlusion stroke and vascular cognitive impairment. We investigated an approach targeted to the signalling molecule cyclic guanosine monophosphate, using the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor tadalafil, to explore if it improves cerebral blood flow and endothelial function in patients with cerebral small-vessel disease and stroke. In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot trial (NCT02801032), we included patients who had a previous (&gt;6 months) small-vessel occlusion stroke. They received a single dose of either 20 mg tadalafil or placebo on 2 separate days at least 1 week apart. We measured the following: baseline MRI for lesion load, repeated measurements of blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery by transcranial Doppler, blood oxygen saturation in the cortical microvasculature by near-infrared spectroscopy, peripheral endothelial response by EndoPAT and endothelial-specific blood biomarkers. Twenty patients with cerebral small-vessel disease stroke (3 women, 17 men), mean age 67.1 ± 9.6, were included. The baseline mean values ± standard deviations were as follows: blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery, 57.4 ± 10.8 cm/s; blood oxygen saturation in the cortical microvasculature, 67.0 ± 8.2%; systolic blood pressure, 145.8 ± 19.5 mmHg; and diastolic blood pressure, 81.3 ± 9.1 mmHg. We found that tadalafil significantly increased blood oxygen saturation in the cortical microvasculature at 180 min post-administration with a mean difference of 1.57 ± 3.02%. However, we saw no significant differences in transcranial Doppler measurements over time. Tadalafil had no effects on peripheral endothelial function assessed by EndoPAT and endothelial biomarker results conflicted. Our findings suggest that tadalafil may improve vascular parameters in patients with cerebral small-vessel disease stroke, although the effect size was small. Increased oxygenation of cerebral microvasculature during tadalafil treatment indicated improved perfusion in the cerebral microvasculature, theoretically presenting an attractive new therapeutic target in cerebral small-vessel disease. Future studies of the effect of long-term tadalafil treatment on cerebrovascular reactivity and endothelial function are needed to evaluate general microvascular changes and effects in cerebral small-vessel disease and stroke.