bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaboration in an entrepreneurial cluster: a study of an urban coop
Authors: Keane Crionna , Costin Yvonne 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Entrepreneurial clusters are viewed by academics, practitioners and policy makers as effective economic tools, associated with new business opportunities and innovation potential. Currently, the advancing cluster discussion is concerned with exploring the interplay and interdependence between cluster members, with collaboration increasingly taking centre stage. Despite this, however, the actual nature of collaboration is not fully understood. This study aims to explore collaboration, examining the underlying aspects of cooperative exchange, relationship-building and trust, and networking and knowledge sharing.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodological design is qualitative, utilising a series of semi-structured interviews with a cohort of cluster members, operating in an urban cooperative.

Findings
A shared purpose, underpinned by commonly supported value systems, is crucial in the formation of trust-based relationships. Competitive rivalry did not negatively influence motivation for collaboration. Instead, it is superseded by trust-based relationships, which facilitate information flow, acting as an enabler for collaboration. Collaboration, in pursuit of mutually beneficial goals, without fear of opportunism, is enacted through the formation of a number of, and different relationships, dependent on individual goals and/or stage of business development. Informal, rather than formal, relationships are built on respect and unspoken agreements, rather than on written formal contracts. Many “untraded” interdependencies lead to a stable networked cluster environment.

Originality/value
This empirical study contributes to and advances entrepreneurial cluster literature providing a deeper understanding for academics and policy makers of the interplay between cooperative exchange, relationship-building and trust and networking and knowledge sharing.
Strengthening and sustaining a community through reciprocal support between local businesses and the community
Authors: Siemens Lynne 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
Community economic development (CED) focuses on the creation of sustainable communities. To that end, a reciprocal relationship that sustains the community and business alike can be created. However, little is known about the nature of informal interactions between residents and businesses that achieves that end. This study aims to explore the nature of these interactions and their contribution to CED within a rural context.

Design/methodology/approach
A case study approach was used with interviews with five rural entrepreneurs. Questions explored the nature of the support that they receive from their home community and their contributions back to it.

Findings
The results show that communities and businesses do not operate independently of each other, but rather are mutually supportive and contribute directly to the other’s objectives. These relationships are reinforced over time by a business owner’s direct involvement in the community, though this process takes time and effort.

Research limitations/implications
This study focuses on a limited geographical area in British Columbia with a small group of rural entrepreneurs. The results may not be generalizable to other contexts.

Practical implications
The results suggest concrete actions that both the rural entrepreneurs and their associated communities can take to be mutually supportive of each other to the benefit of each party alike.

Originality/value
This paper enlarges the understanding of the types of interactions, especially informal ones, that can support both businesses and the larger community in their efforts to sustain themselves and contribute to CED efforts.
Suing the banks for financing terror: a case study of Linde v. Arab Bank
Authors: Rivera Joseph Wilfrido 
Published: November 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to attempt to tie in specific events into the case of Linde v. Arab Bank to provide a greater context. This case is the first where a US court held a bank civilly liable for providing financial support to a terrorist organization, but to do so, the court had to decide on several factors, involving as follows: the application of the anti-terrorism act; the sufficiency of evidence; and the causation of the plaintiffs’ damages.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is a case study of Linde v. Arab Bank. It also takes an in-depth view of one particular terrorist attack that was alleged to have been financed by Arab Bank PLC. This paper reviewed similar legal cases, law review articles on the subject, congressional and government reports, congressional testimony and open source news involving the case and the terrorist incidents involved.

Findings
The court, in this case, ruled in favor of holding Arab Bank liable for money laundering and terrorist financing, which allowed American families to sue the bank for the loss of their loved ones.

Originality/value
This paper focuses on a unique issue involved in money laundering and terrorist financing. It is not fully a legal paper or a traditional academic paper. It is also unique in that case studies are rare in criminal justice and criminology journals.
Constructing classification boundaries in the memory clinic: negotiating risk and uncertainty in constituting mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Swallow Julia 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDetermining the boundaries around processes of ‘normal’ ageing and pathological cognitive deterioration associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a difficult process, complicated further by the expansion of the disease category to include mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MCI is a label used to identify individuals with the symptoms of cognitive deterioration not attributable to ‘normal ageing’ but deemed to be ‘at risk’ of developing AD despite clinical uncertainty around whether individuals will go on to develop the condition in the future. Drawing on qualitative data gathered across an out‐patient memory service, this article examines practitioners’ accounts of the complexity associated with constructing the boundaries around MCI, AD and age in the clinic. Practitioners utilise uncertainty by classifying patients with MCI to keep them on for review to account for the possibility that patients may go on to develop AD but they also recognise the difficulty in predicting future progression to AD. Negotiating classification boundaries in the clinic is, however, not only about managing uncertainty regarding potential future risk but also about navigating the wider social and political context in which ageing and cognitive deterioration intersect, and are constructed and managed.
Domains rated as important by patients with hand osteoarthritis
Authors: Leung Ying Ying , Li Justin Chung‐Hin , Thumboo Julian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundNo data exist on patient participation in the selection of core domains for clinical trials of hand osteoarthritis (HOA). We aim to explore HOA patients' perspectives in the relative importance of domains.MethodsSeven domains affecting patients’ lives were derived from a prior qualitative study. We recruited consecutive patients with symptomatic HOA to rate on 11‐point numeric rating scales for each domain, from 0 representing “not important at all” to 10 representing “most important”, with consideration in two scenarios: (a) how important the domains are in affecting their current lives; and (b) how important the domains are when there are treatments for HOA (eg exercise or drugs).ResultsForty‐five patients (91% female; mean age ± standard deviation 64.3 ± 7.5 years) with mild HOA symptoms were included. Of these, 31%‐42% rated current impact of HOA in various domains as highly important. Seven domains with rated scores of ≥7/10 in importance were endorsed for clinical trials in the following order: pain and HOA symptoms (endorsed by 77.8% of patients), physical function (66.7%), ability to participate in social roles (64.4%), ability to participate in social activities (62.2%), work productivity (62.2%), emotional health (60%), and appearance of fingers (55.6%).ConclusionThe preliminary important domains as endorsed by patients with HOA for inclusion into clinical trials were explored. Apart from pain and physical function, further research is needed to refine other domains of impact, such as participation, emotional health and aesthetic concerns, as core domain sets for HOA.
Irreversible electroporation (IRE): a narrative review of the development of IRE from the laboratory to a prostate cancer treatment
Authors: Blazevski Alexandar , Scheltema Matthijs J. , Amin Amer , Thompson James E. , Lawrentschuk Nathan , Stricker Phillip D. 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionWhilst whole‐gland radical treatment is highly effective for prostate cancer control, it has significant impact on quality of life and is unnecessary ‘over‐treatment’ in many men with screening‐detected prostate cancer. Improvements in prostate biopsy and imaging have led to increased interest in partial gland ablation to reduce treatment‐related morbidity. Several energies for focal ablation have been trialled. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel technology that ablates tissue by delivering direct current between electrodes. This narrative review documents the history of electroporation including its scientific basis, early data from pre‐clinical animal studies, and contemporary clinical outcomes from the use of IRE in prostate cancer.MethodsA literature search using the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), the Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), PubMed and Google Scholar was undertaken to identify historical perspectives and current clinical data relating to IRE for prostate cancer.ResultsThe history of electroporation and its implementation as a prostate cancer treatment was following the basic scientific principles, in vitro data, then animal studies, and now short‐ to medium‐term clinical cohorts in humans. The results of IRE on >283 patients have been published in several papers, with preserved rates of (pad‐free) continence in 91–100% of men and preserved erectile function in 79–100% of men. In‐field recurrence rates range from 0% to 33%. The current state of evidence for IRE for the treatment of primary and salvage prostate cancer is considered as Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long‐term follow‐up (IDEAL) stage 2B.ConclusionsIRE is a new focal ablative technology for the treatment of localised prostate cancer in carefully selected men. Published cohorts report encouraging short‐term oncological and functional outcomes; however, longer‐term data are needed to validate this treatment before it can be recommended for widespread clinical use.
Dream a Different Dream of Cultural Exchange
Authors: Conforti Michael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPublic art museums have survived as a sector over their 250 plus years by adapting their founding ideals to changing public attitudes and policies, civic and national priorities, economic realities and aesthetic philosophies. This paper focuses on how ownership is being challenged by tribal descendants and nation states, and suggests that future museum programs should embrace models of collection sharing with institutional partnerships developed around that ideal.
Comparison of calcaneal quantitative ultrasound and bone densitometry parameters as fracture risk predictors in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lasschuit J. W .J. , Center J. R. , Greenfield J. R. , Tonks K. T. T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the utility of calcaneal quantitative ultrasound compared with bone densitometry (DXA) in predicting incident low‐trauma fracture in type 2 diabetes.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included a subset of participants in the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study who had concurrent calcaneal quantitative ultrasound and DXA measurement, comprising 809 people without type 2 diabetes and 96 with type 2 diabetes. Fracture data had been collected prospectively. Cox proportional hazard models and receiver operating curves (ROC) were used to compare calcaneal quantitative ultrasound and DXA parameters as predictors for any low‐trauma fracture.ResultsThe median age of participants was 71 years (IQR 68–76, 50% men) for those without type 2 diabetes and 70 years (IQR 68–76, 55% men) for those with type 2 diabetes. There was no difference in low‐trauma fracture incidence between groups when stratified by sex. In those without type 2 diabetes, the hazard ratio for fracture per 1 sd decrease in broadband ultrasound attenuation and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) was 1.47 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–1.71] and 1.39 (95% CI 1.17–1.64), respectively. The corresponding figures in type 2 diabetes were 1.81 (95% CI 1.03–3.19) for broadband ultrasound attenuation and 2.55 (95% CI 1.28–5.08) for femoral neck BMD.ConclusionBroadband ultrasound attenuation is comparable with femoral neck BMD as a predictor for low trauma incident fracture in type 2 diabetes. Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound offers several advantages over DXA and should be considered in further studies of bone health screening or in clinical practice where DXA is unavailable.
Measuring Textbook Content Coverage: Efficient Content Analysis with Lesson Sampling
Authors: Zhang Jiahui , Cogan Leland S. , Schmidt William H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study addresses measurement issues around a standards‐based content analysis of mathematics textbooks’ coverage of standards for use in large‐scale monitoring of standards implementation as proposed in a 2013 report by the National Research Council. An earlier study produced an exhaustive content analysis of textbooks using the 2012 Common Core State Standards for Mathematics. This yielded an accurate and reliable portrait of a textbook's coverage of standards. However, such an in‐depth analysis is not feasible for large‐scale standards‐implementation monitoring in which a large number of textbooks may need to be analyzed. To provide such a portrait with sufficient accuracy while also substantially reducing the associated resources needed to produce such a portrait, a simulation study was conducted with the exhaustively coded database to compare different sampling schemes. Results indicated that sampling 1 day from each week and coding the corresponding lessons led to sufficiently accurate representations of the overall content of the textbook. The results provide empirical evidence for large‐scale standards‐based content analyses of mathematics textbooks for monitoring standards implementation which could be adapted for other subject areas.
The non‐consumptive effects of predators and personality on prey growth and mortality
Authors: Davenport Jon M. , King Alexis B. , Riley Alex W. , Hampson Maria E. , Constantinides Peter 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIndividual organisms vary in personality, and the ecological consequences of that variation can affect the strength of predator–prey interactions. Prey with bolder tendencies can mitigate the strength of species interactions by altering growth and initiating ontogenetic niche shifts (ONS). While the link between personality and growth has been established, recent research has highlighted the important interplay between ONS and predator cues in community ecology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of prey personality and predator cues on prey growth and ONS. We predicted growth–mortality trade‐offs among personalities with higher survival, larger size, and accelerated ONS for bold individuals in comparison with shy individuals. To evaluate this objective, we conducted behavioral assays and a mesocosm experiment to test how southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) tadpole personality and predatory fish (bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus) cues affects tadpole growth and metamorphosis. On average, bold tadpoles had higher mortality across all treatments in comparison with shy tadpoles. The effects of fish cues were dependent on tadpole personality with shy tadpoles metamorphosing significantly later than bold tadpoles. Bold tadpoles were larger than shy tadpoles at metamorphosis; however, that pattern reversed with fish cues as shy individuals metamorphosed larger than bold individuals. Our results suggest personality may be useful for predicting growth and life history for some prey species with predators. Specifically, the threat of predation can interact with personality to incur a benefit (earlier ONS) while also incurring a cost (size at metamorphosis). Hence by incorporating predator cues with personality, ecologists will be able to elucidate growth–mortality trade‐offs mediated by personality.
Headache and Methemoglobinemia
Authors: Khan Fawad Ahmed , McIntyre Caley , Khan Abdul Mukhtadir , Maslov Alexander 
Published: November 2019

AimThis basic review is intended to summarize the current knowledge of methemoglobinemia as an important cause of secondary headache with the hope of generating a growing interest in studying this phenomenon.BackgroundWe describe the pathological underpinnings of headaches generated by hypoxia. Possible mechanisms include cerebral vasodilation‐associated stretching of the vessel nociceptors, sensitization of perivascular nociceptors mediated by nitric oxide, cerebral calcitonin gene‐related peptide, activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway, cortical spreading depression, disruption of the blood‐brain barrier, and neurogenic inflammation.We review the clinical features, pathophysiology, and management of methemoglobinemia. We conducted a literature review of reports of symptomatic methemoglobinemia with headache. In addition, we describe a case report of a patient who presented with an acute onset of severe holocranial headache associated with rapidly progressive perioral paresthesia, cyanosis in lips and hands, nausea, and mild dyspnea on exertion. These features can be misinterpreted as an acute attack of migraine with pain‐related hyperventilation syndrome and anxiety leading to clinically detrimental delay in the management of the progressive hypoxia. Her symptoms resolved following treatment with methylene blue.The complex relationship of migraine and hypoxia‐related headaches is also reviewed. We propose that methemoglobinemia‐associated headaches are possibly generated by stretching of the nociceptor nerve endings during cerebral vasodilation and hypoxia‐mediated oxidative stress.ConclusionsThe case highlights the need to broaden the formulated differential diagnosis of an acute onset severe holocranial headache and pay careful attention to other signs and symptoms that may provide hints on potential mechanism(s) for secondary headaches.We provide justification for the need to incorporate “Headache attributed to Methemoglobinemia” as a subtype under the section “Headache attributed to hypoxia and/or hypercapnia” of the International Classification of Headache Disorders to support clinical decision making.
Encapsulating plant ingredients for dermocosmetic application: an updated review of delivery systems and characterization techniques
Authors: Yang S. , Liu L. , Han J. , Tang Y. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractToday, there is a rising demand and ongoing search for novel plant‐derived phytochemicals in the cosmetic market owing to the growing consumer expectations worldwide for green and natural health products. Various plant ingredients, including polyphenols, oils, volatile oils, vitamins and other herbal extracts, have been extensively used in herbal cosmetics. Recent advances in encapsulation technologies have greatly improved their chemical stability, biocompatibility, skin permeability and dermocosmetic efficiency when applied topically. This comprehensive review summarizes the up‐to‐date information on encapsulated plant ingredients tailored for dermocosmetic application with a focus on the development of novel delivery systems. An overview of the commonly used techniques for carrier characterization, performance‐related properties and toxicological evaluation is also included, which might provide guidance for researchers to select or develop appropriate assay systems.
Monetary trilemma, dilemma, or something in between?
Authors: Cheng Ruijie , Rajan Ramkishen S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper revisits the monetary “trilemma” versus “dilemma” debate by examining empirically interest‐rate policy independence for a large sample of both advanced and developing countries over the period 1973–2014. We broadly concur with the growing body of literature that suggests that the trilemma still holds, emphasizing the important insulating effects afforded by exchange‐rate flexibility. However, as with Han and Wei (2018), we also document the existence of an asymmetric pattern or 2.5‐lemma between the trilemma and dilemma; though, in contrast to them, we find there seems to be evidence of a “fear of capital reversal” rather than a “fear of appreciation.” We further find that holding higher levels of foreign reserves may help countries regain a degree of monetary‐policy autonomy.
Physical and thermal properties of various ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) seed varieties as a function of moisture content
Authors: Singh Himani , Meghwal Murlidhar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAjwain seeds are used as spice and have high medicinal values. The ajwain seed varieties selected were set at 8, 12, 16, and 20% moisture content on dry basis (db) for this study. The geometrical dimensions showed linear increment with the increase in moisture content of ajwain seeds. The true density and porosity increased from 1,069 to 1,697 kg m−3 and 15.84–42.88%, respectively, across the three varieties of ajwain seeds with the increasing moisture content. The bulk density showed a decreasing trend of 1049.81–857.14 kg m−3 with the increasing moisture content. The coefficient of friction was also found to increase for all the varieties, but the maximum friction was found for the cardboard surface and the minimum friction was observed in case of aluminium sheet. The thermal diffusivity of seeds decreased from 4.09 to 2.46 m2 s−1 with the increasing moisture content. Thermal conductivity and specific heat showed a marked increase with increasing moisture content. Varietal differences among the ajwain seeds of variety AA‐1, AA‐2, and AA‐93 were also studied at 5% significance level. Significant differences were observed between the three ajwain varieties, namely AA‐1, AA‐2, and AA‐93 in context to their physical and thermal properties.Practical applicationsThe physical and thermal properties of ajwain seeds will be useful in designing of processes and equipment required for its processing. These properties give detailed information about the quality of the seeds, its acceptability to consumers and the behavior of the ajwain post production, during storage and consumption and post consumption. The knowledge on physical properties such as seed size, shape, volume, surface area, mass, density, porosity helps in designing the separating, storing, handling, and drying systems. The grading and sizing machineries will be based on the size and shape of the ajwian seeds. The density and porosity of the ajwain seeds will help in sizing the hoppers and storage containers. The density of seeds will also play role in separation based on density or specific gravities. The frictional properties like coefficient of friction and angle of repose will help in designing the storage bins, chutes, hoppers, screw conveyers, threshers, and forage harvesters. Thermal properties of ajwain seeds will be useful in analyzing and designing of equipment involving heat transfer, such as in case of cooking, sterilizing and drying.