bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crustal and upper mantle structure beneath the South China Sea and Indonesia
Authors: Corchete V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA three-dimensional (3-D) S-velocity model for the crust and upper mantle beneath the South China Sea and Indonesia is presented, determined by means of Rayleigh wave analysis, in the depth range from 0 km to 400 km. The crustal and lithospheric mantle structure of this study area was previously investigated using several methods and databases. Due to their low resolution, a 3-D structure for this area has not been previously determined. The determination of such a 3-D S-velocity model is the goal of the present study. The most conspicuous features of the crust and upper mantle structure include the S-velocity difference between the Java Sea and the Banda Sea regions and a transitional boundary between these two regions. This model confirms the principal structural features revealed in previous studies: an oceanic crust structure in the center of the South China Sea, crustal thinning from the northern continental margin of the South China Sea to this oceanic crust, and the existence of a high-velocity layer in the lower crust of the northern continental margin. This study concludes that the north of the South China Sea is a nonvolcanic-type continental margin, solving the open question of whether the continental margin of the northern South China Sea is volcanic or nonvolcanic. A new map of the asthenosphere’s base is also presented.
Smoking habits of UK military personnel on deployment: Exercise SAIF SAREEA 3
Authors: Williams J F , Fuller M , Smith M B 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionChanges of environment brought about by deployments are often attributed to an increase in smoking of service personnel. Electronic cigarettes are recognised as being a viable aid to quitting smoking but are currently banned from sale in Oman and were therefore banned during exercise SAIF SAREEA 3 (SS3). This paper sought to establish whether smoking increased on this exercise and for what reasons. Also, if deployed smoking cessation services are likely to be used, if available.MethodsQuestionnaires were distributed to deployed troops at various locations in theatre for data collection.ResultsSmoking prevalence increased by 5.2% (29) in the deployed population by the end of the exercise. The largest increase was seen in those smoking 20 cigarettes a day or more, rising by 269.8% (73) with a mean increase of 9 cigarettes per day. During the exercise the number of personnel using electronic cigarettes decreased and individuals’ rate of electronic cigarette use also decreased. Those who smoked less during the exercise did mainly through choice (56.8%). 50% (280) of all individuals who increased smoking habits during the exercise did so out of boredom.ConclusionsDuring exercise SS3 the number of individuals who smoked and the quantity they smoked increased. The ban on electronic cigarettes in Oman and while on exercise potentially had an effect on the increased smoking habits. There is an argument to include smoking cessation material in medical modules to prevent ex-smokers from restarting, continue to aid those quitting and potentially lessen severity of increasing smoking habits while deployed.
Methodological aspects of economic evaluations conducted in the palliative or end of life care settings: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Fischer Claudia , Chwala Eva , Simon Judit 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionIn light of this growing palliative care and end of life care patient population, as well as new (expensive) drugs and treatments, quality research providing evidence for decision-making is required. However, common research guidance is lacking in this field, especially in respect to the methods applied in economic evaluations. Therefore, the aim of the planned systematic review is to identify and summarise relevant information on methodological challenges, potential solutions and recommendations for conducting economic evaluations of interventions in adult patients, irrespective of their underlying disease and gender in the palliative or end of life care settings, with no restrictions in regards to countries/geographical regions. The results of this systematic review may help to clarify the current methodological questions and form the basis of new, setting specific methods guidelines and support ongoing applied economic evaluations in the field.Methods and analysisA systematic review will be conducted using Medline, Embase, Health Technology Assessment Database and NHS Economic Evaluation Database to identify the studies published from 1999 onwards with relevant information on methodological challenges, potential solutions and recommendations for conducting economic evaluations in the palliative or end of life care settings. Articles in English, German, Spanish, French or Dutch language will be considered. Two independent reviewers will conduct the screening of articles; any discrepancies will be resolved by discussion and involvement of a third reviewer. Predesigned data extraction forms will be applied, consequently narratively synthesised and categorised. Studies’ methodological quality will be critically appraised. Besides existing economic guidelines and checklists for specific information on the palliative and end of life care sector will be searched.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required, as this is a planned systematic review of published literature. An article will be disseminated in a related peer-reviewed journal, as well as presented at leading palliative care and health economic conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020148160.
No association between night shiftwork and mammographic density
Authors: El-Zaemey Sonia , Fritschi Lin , Heyworth Jane , Boyle Terry , Saunders Christobel , Wylie Elizabeth , Stone Jennifer 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundIncreased mammographic density is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer. Night shiftwork and its related factors, which include light at night, phase shift and sleep disruption, are believed to increase breast cancer risk however, their effects on mammographic density have barely been studied.MethodsThis study included 1821 women enrolled in the Breast Cancer Environment and Employment Study between 2009 and 2011. Mammographic density was measured using the Cumulus software program. The association of night shiftwork factors with square root transformed absolute dense area (DA) and percentage dense area (PDA) were modelled using linear regression adjusted for confounders.ResultsEver doing graveyard shiftwork (between 24:00 and 05:00 hours) was not associated with PDA (β=−0.10; 95% CI −0.27 to 0.08)) and DA (β=−0.12; 95% CI −0.33 to 0.09)). No association was found between night shiftwork related factors (light at night, phase shift and sleep disturbance) with PDA or DA.ConclusionsShiftwork and its related factors are not associated with mammographic density. Using high-quality, comprehensive shiftwork data from a large population-based breast cancer case–control study, this study suggests that mammographic density does not play a role in the relationship between shiftwork and breast cancer risk.
Proton decay and axion dark matter in SO(10) grand unification via minimal left–right symmetry
Authors: Hamada Yuta , Ibe Masahiro , Muramatsu Yu , Oda Kin-ya , Yokozaki Norimi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study the proton lifetime in the SO(10) Grand Unified Theory (GUT), which has the left–right (LR) symmetric gauge theory below the GUT scale. In particular, we focus on the minimal model without the bi-doublet Higgs field in the LR symmetric model, which predicts the LR-breaking scale at around $$10^{10-12}$$1010-12 GeV. The Wilson coefficients of the proton decay operators turn out to be considerably larger than those in the minimal SU(5) GUT model especially when the Standard Model Yukawa interactions are generated by integrating out extra vector-like multiplets. As a result, we find that the proton lifetime can be within the reach of the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment even when the GUT gauge-boson mass is in the $$10^{16}$$1016–$$10^{17}$$1017 GeV range. We also show that the mass of the extra vector-like multiplets can be generated by the Peccei–Quinn symmetry breaking in a consistent way with the axion dark matter scenario.
A 4500 year record of palaeomagnetic secular variation and relative palaeointensity from the Tyrrhenian Sea
Authors: Lurcock Pontus , Florindo Fabio , Bonomo Sergio , Cascella Antonio , Di Rita Federico , Ferraro Luciana , Insinga Donatella Domenica , Magri Donatella , Margaritelli Giulia , Pelosi Nicola , Petrosino Paola , Vallefuoco Mattia , Cosentino Claudia , Lirer Fabrizio 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A marine sediment core from the western Mediterranean provides a new high-resolution 4500 year record of palaeomagnetic secular variation and relative palaeointensity. In 2013, the 7.1 m C5 core was recovered from the Tyrrhenian Sea as part of the NextData climate data project. The coring site, 15 km offshore from the Volturno river mouth, is well located to record combined marine and terrestrial palaeoclimatic influences, and the fine-grained, rapidly deposited sediments are effective palaeomagnetic recorders. We investigate the palaeomagnetic field direction and strength recorded in the core, which provide a valuable high-resolution record of Holocene geomagnetic variation in the area. Using rock magnetic techniques, we constrain the magnetic mineralogy of the studied sediments and confirm their suitability for palaeomagnetic analysis. Palaeomagnetic declination and inclination records were determined by stepwise alternating-field demagnetization, and relative palaeointensity estimates were obtained based on normalization to anhysterestic and isothermal remanent magnetization and to magnetic susceptibility. The age of the core is well constrained with a tephra and biostratigraphic age model, and its magnetic records are compared with relevant core and model data for the region, demonstrating that our record is compatible with previous results from the area. An automated curve matching approach is applied to assess the compatibility of our data with the existing secular variation path for the Mediterranean area.
Early­­­­–Middle Ordovician sedimentation and bimodal volcanism at the margin of Iapetus: the Trollhøtta–Kinna Basin of the central Norwegian Caledonides
Authors: Dalslåen Bjørgunn H. , Gasser Deta , Grenne Tor , Augland Lars E. , Andresen Arild 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

The late Neoproterozoic–Paleozoic Iapetus Ocean developed between Laurentia, Baltica, Siberia and Gondwana. Its Paleozoic closure history is recorded by volcano-sedimentary successions within the Caledonian orogen of Scandinavia, the British Isles and Newfoundland. We present new lithological, geochemical and geochronological data relevant for the Iapetan closure history from the hitherto poorly known Trollhøtta–Kinna Basin (central Norwegian Caledonides). This basin consists of alternating siliciclastic rocks, mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs), and felsic volcanic rocks highly enriched in, for example, Th, U and light REEs. Rhyolites from the stratigraphically upper part are dated by zircon U–Pb thermal ionization mass spectrometry to 473.3 ± 1.0 and 472.4 ± 0.7 Ma. Detrital zircon spectra indicate deposition after
c.
480 Ma, with sediments derived from composite Cambro-Ordovician and Archean–Neoproterozoic landmass(es), possibly the Laurentian margin or a related microcontinent. The peculiar bimodal volcanic association is interpreted as an intermittent phase of marginal basin rifting, derived from a heterogeneous mantle source previously metasomatized by continental material. The tectonic mechanisms behind rifting could be slab retreat and/or break-off, or far-field tectonic forces within the Iapetan realm. Comparison of this basin with other Iapetus-related, similarly-aged volcano-sedimentary successions along the Caledonian–Appalachian orogen indicate that the bimodal MORBs and highly enriched rocks reflect a palaeotectonic setting hitherto unknown in the orogen.
Integration of tectonic geomorphology and crustal structure across the active obliquely collisional zone on the island of Hispaniola, northeastern Caribbean
Authors: Sun Lei , Mann Paul , Bird Dale E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Active tectonic deformation and seismicity of Hispaniola define a 250 km-wide, oblique collisional zone between the Bahamas, the island arc of Hispaniola and the Caribbean Large Igneous Province (CLIP). To reflect how collision is accommodated within Hispaniola, we calculate river normalized steepness and terrain surface roughness to reveal the areas of the most active uplift within central and western Hispaniola compared to eastern Hispaniola. We use gravity modelling to show thickness variations in the main crustal types in the obliquely convergent zone: (1) 33–45 km-thick arc crust in central and western Hispaniola; (2) 15–25 km-thick oceanic crust beneath the Bahamas north of Hispaniola; (3) 5–8 km-thick Atlantic oceanic crust NE of Hispaniola; and (4) 6–16 km-thick CLIP south of Hispaniola. Intermediate to deep earthquakes beneath eastern Hispaniola indicate active southwestward subduction of normal oceanic crust and northward subduction of the CLIP. We interpret that the west-to-east geomorphological and crustal variations within Hispaniola to be the result of an along-strike transition from crustal shortening without subduction between the Bahamas and arc crust in central and western Hispaniola to subduction of the North American and Caribbean plates beneath eastern Hispaniola. Crustal shortening in central and western Hispaniola produces thrust-fault-bounded basins with sufficient clastic sedimentary infill to produce hydrocarbon maturity.
Regional thermal maturity modelling of hydrocarbons along the deep-water Yucatan margin, southern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Kenning J. J. , Mann Paul 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

The stratigraphy, structure and hydrocarbon potential of the deep-water Yucatan margin remains less understood than other margins of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), as Yucatan has not been systematically mapped and has few well penetrations. Despite the presence of widespread oil slicks along the continent–ocean boundary, the maturity and distribution of source rock kitchen areas have not been well defined. This study uses a grid of 2D post-stack depth migration (PSDM) seismic profiles covering an area of approximately 120 000 km
2
to map the structure and stratigraphy, and to model thermal maturities of three potential Mesozoic source horizons. Thermal 1D modelling of six pseudo-wells, positioned along a dip profile, was performed using estimates of lithospheric thickness and thermal properties. Integrated 3D model results indicate that the principal Tithonian-age source rock reached the oil window within the diapiric salt province during the Oligocene–Miocene. Inherent model uncertainty was addressed using a range of thermal scenarios. The result of modelling was that deeply-buried, salt-related minibasins along the outer marginal trough are low risk and the uppermost slope is high risk for maturity. Large, salt-related structural traps are directly adjacent to oil kitchens within deeply-buried minibasins. Normal faults bounding minibasins provide effective vertical migration pathways as supported by the clustering of overlying oil slicks.
Leveraging Genome and Phenome-Wide Association Studies to Investigate Genetic Risk of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Semmes Eleanor C. , Vijayakrishnan Jayaram , Zhang Chenan , Hurst Jillian H. , Houlston Richard S. , Walsh Kyle M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of childhood cancers remain limited, highlighting the need for novel analytic strategies. We describe a hybrid GWAS and phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) approach to uncover genotype–phenotype relationships and candidate risk loci, applying it to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Methods:
PheWAS was performed for 12 ALL SNPs identified by prior GWAS and two control SNP-sets using UK Biobank data. PheWAS-traits significantly associated with ALL SNPs compared with control SNPs were assessed for association with ALL risk (959 cases, 2,624 controls) using polygenic score and Mendelian randomization analyses. Trait-associated SNPs were tested for association with ALL risk in single-SNP analyses, with replication in an independent case–control dataset (1,618 cases, 9,409 controls).

Results:
Platelet count was the trait most enriched for association with known ALL risk loci. A polygenic score for platelet count (223 SNPs) was not associated with ALL risk (P = 0.82) and Mendelian randomization did not suggest a causal relationship. However, twelve platelet count-associated SNPs were nominally associated with ALL risk in COG data and three were replicated in UK data (rs10058074, rs210142, rs2836441).

Conclusions:
In our hybrid GWAS–PheWAS approach, we identify pleiotropic genetic variation contributing to ALL risk and platelet count. Three SNPs known to influence platelet count were reproducibly associated with ALL risk, implicating genomic regions containing IRF1, proapoptotic protein BAK1, and ERG in platelet production and leukemogenesis.

Impact:
Incorporating PheWAS data into association studies can leverage genetic pleiotropy to identify cancer risk loci, highlighting the utility of our novel approach.
Sex-Specific Regulation of Inflammation and Metabolic Syndrome in Obesity
Authors: ter Horst Rob , van den Munckhof Inge C.L. , Schraa Kiki , Aguirre-Gamboa Raul , Jaeger Martin , Smeekens Sanne P. , Brand Tessa , Lemmers Heidi , Dijkstra Helga , Galesloot Tessel E. , de Graaf Jacqueline , Xavier Ramnik J. , Li Yang , Joosten Leo A.B. , Rutten Joost H.W. , Netea Mihai G. , Riksen Niels P. 
Published: May 2020

Objective:
Metabolic dysregulation and inflammation are important consequences of obesity and impact susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. Anti-inflammatory therapy in cardiovascular disease is being developed under the assumption that inflammatory pathways are identical in women and men, but it is not known if this is indeed the case. In this study, we assessed the sex-specific relation between inflammation and metabolic dysregulation in obesity.

Approach and Results:

Three hundred two individuals were included, half with a BMI 27 to 30 kg/m
2
and half with a BMI>30 kg/m
2
, 45% were women. The presence of metabolic syndrome was assessed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-ATPIII criteria, and inflammation was studied using circulating markers of inflammation, cell counts, and ex vivo cytokine production capacity of isolated immune cells. Additionally, lipidomic and metabolomic data were gathered, and subcutaneous fat biopsies were histologically assessed.

Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased inflammatory profile that profoundly differs between women and men: women with metabolic syndrome show a lower concentration of the anti-inflammatory adiponectin, whereas men show increased levels of several pro-inflammatory markers such as IL (interleukin)-6 and leptin. Adipose tissue inflammation showed similar sex-specific associations with these markers. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from men, but not women, with metabolic syndrome display enhanced cytokine production capacity.

Conclusions:
We identified sex-specific pathways that influence inflammation in obesity. Excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines was observed in men with metabolic syndrome. In contrast, women typically showed reduced levels of the anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin. These different mechanisms of inflammatory dysregulation between women and men with obesity argue for sex-specific therapeutic strategies.
Tick parasitism is associated with home range area in the sand lizard, Lacerta agilis
Authors: Wieczorek Magdalena , Rektor Robert , Najbar Bartłomiej , Morelli Federico 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) is a common species in Europe that inhabits a wide range of habitats, including anthropogenic environments. It is a frequent carrier of common ticks (Ixodes ricinus), which poses a severe threat to the lizards’ health. We determined the living space used by lizards in a rapidly changing environment and ascertained the number of parasitic ticks found throughout the reptile’s active season. We conducted telemetry research on a dynamically developing housing estate located on the outskirts of the city of Zielona Góra (western Poland) in 2016-2017. We obtained data from 16 adult lizards, from which we collected 2529 ticks. Using generalized linear models (GLMs), we determined the relationships among the number of transmitted parasites, size of occupied areas (minimum convex polygon, MCP), the weight of lizards, and sex of lizards. Results indicated that the number of ticks was negatively correlated with lizard body mass, but positively correlated with home range. Sex was not significantly associated with the number of ticks. Additionally, the parasite load was lower during the lizard’s non-breeding season than during the breeding season and was lower for males than for females during the non-breeding season. Males have larger home ranges than females.
Context-dependent agonistic response to neighbours along territory boundaries in a cichlid fish
Authors: Matsumoto Kazunori , Okamoto Yuki , Tsurumi Yuka , Kohda Masanori 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In many territorial animals, the level of aggression exhibited toward conspecifics depends on the magnitude of the threat they pose and/or their familiarity. We conducted aquarium experiments to investigate whether the territorial cichlid fish Julidochromis transcriptus has a context-dependent agonistic response to neighbouring conspecifics. The attacking rate of territory-holding males decreased against neighbour males in an adjacent aquarium over time but increased when stranger males replaced the neighbours in the same aquarium, indicating that males displayed the ‘dear enemy effect’ toward familiar neighbours. Females were not aggressive and the dear enemy effect was not apparent among them. Interestingly, territory-holding males also increased their attacking rate against neighbour males shifted to the opposite aquarium. Territory-holding males will modify their agonistic response to conspecific males according to the relative threat of their opponents in the context of the ‘correct-incorrect boundary paradigm’.
Multisensory Integration of Emotion in Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Lin Yi , Ding Hongwei , Zhang Yang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Multisensory integration (MSI) of emotion has been increasingly recognized as an essential element of schizophrenic patients’ impairments, leading to the breakdown of their interpersonal functioning. The present review provides an updated synopsis of schizophrenics’ MSI abilities in emotion processing by examining relevant behavioral and neurological research. Existing behavioral studies have adopted well-established experimental paradigms to investigate how participants understand multisensory emotion stimuli, and interpret their reciprocal interactions. Yet it remains controversial with regard to congruence-induced facilitation effects, modality dominance effects, and generalized vs specific impairment hypotheses. Such inconsistencies are likely due to differences and variations in experimental manipulations, participants’ clinical symptomatology, and cognitive abilities. Recent electrophysiological and neuroimaging research has revealed aberrant indices in event-related potential (ERP) and brain activation patterns, further suggesting impaired temporal processing and dysfunctional brain regions, connectivity and circuities at different stages of MSI in emotion processing. The limitations of existing studies and implications for future MSI work are discussed in light of research designs and techniques, study samples and stimuli, and clinical applications.