bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVERYDAY MEMORY IN OLDER AND YOUNGER ADULTS: OUTSOURCING, SOCIALLY-DISTRIBUTED REMEMBERING & CONCEPTUALIZATION
Authors: Lustig Emily , Hertzog Christopher , Pearman Ann , Reynolds Kirsten , Waris Aiman 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Qualitative interview data about everyday remembering within the context of older adults ages 62-83, (N= 27, M=69.5, SD=5.72) and younger adults ages 18-24 (N=29, M=21.2, SD= 1.77) lives were collected and analyzed using constructivist grounded theory methods. This study sought to compare the processes used by these individuals in their pursuit of everyday memory-demanding goals and their conceptualization of these methods. Older adults typically reported importance beliefs that guided memory-supportive behaviors for things like social engagements or medical appointments, whereas younger adults reported important information as being primarily school-related. There were major differences in the execution and conceptualization for remembering critical information. Younger adults engaged in a form of socially-distributed cognition, wherein they relied on and outsourced remembering to technology and other people via apps. Interestingly, younger adults relied on others to remind them about coursework, extra-curricular activities, and social obligations via social communication platforms (e.g. GroupMe), text messages, and shared calendar alerts. Very few of the younger adults sampled were responsible for reminding others, but relied on the social altruism of their peers who were responsible for disseminating mass reminders. Conversely, technological outsourcing was not as prevalent in the older adults interviewed and only a few shared that they received similar reminders via text or email. Of the few cases that did outsource, a small subset did, however, engage in these processes within small groups or pairs, wherein a friend or significant other reminded them about social gatherings or names but in a much smaller proportion, comparatively.
IMPACT OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND STRAIN ON DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS: MARITAL STATUS AND GENDER DIFFERENCES
Authors: Carr Deborah , Lee Yeonjung Jane 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Social relationships are a well-established correlate of late-life well-being. Extensive research finds social support is associated with fewer depressive symptoms, yet few studies distinguish fine-grained types of support from spouse, children, other family and friends, nor whether these linkages differ by gender and marital status. Studies exploring coarse associations between support and well-being may conceal gender and marital status differences. We use data from two waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 2006 and 2010) to study fine-grained linkages between diverse types of relationship strain and support and depressive symptoms (CESD) among adults aged 51+. The results show that the association between support/strain and depressive symptoms varies based on the source of support. For instance, among married/partnered older adults, spousal support is negatively associated with depressive symptoms whereas friend strain is positively associated with depressive symptoms. Among widowed respondents, friend support is negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These marital status patterns differed by gender however, such that the impact of friend strain on depressive symptoms was especially large for divorced men. Our results suggest that no single form of social support (or strain) is uniformly protective (or distressing), so services and interventions to enhance late-life mental health should more fully consider older adults’ social location, including gender and marital status. For current cohorts of older adults, who have lower rates of marriage and childbearing than their predecessors, it is critically important to understand both the levels and impacts of alternative sources of support from other kin and friends.
EXPLORING VIDEO CHAT FOR SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT IN OLDER ADULTS WITH AND WITHOUT COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Authors: Nguyen Lydia T , Nie Qiong , Lydon Elizabeth , Myers Dillon , Gibson Alan , Kerssens Chantal , Mudar Raksha A , Rogers Wendy A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Social engagement technologies have the potential to benefit health and quality of life in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, technologies are rarely designed to accommodate the interests, capabilities, and limitations of these populations. In the current study, we focused on examining the potential of video chat to socially engage older adults with and without MCI by providing opportunities to link people with shared interests. Eight cognitively normal older adults (Mage: 73.3 years) and five with MCI (Mage: 70.0 years) completed a four-week experiential field trial using a novel online video chat platform called OneClick. System Usability Scale scores at both pre- and post-assessment revealed that OneClick was easy to use for older adults with and without MCI, however individuals with MCI experienced more technical issues and required additional assistance to use the system. Pre- to post- comparisons of questionnaire data revealed positive changes for the Quality of Life, Friendship/Social Isolation, and Loneliness scales in both groups. Of the 13 participants, five cognitively normal and four individuals with MCI reported that they would be interested in continuing to use the video chat system at home to connect with family and friends or to discuss topics of mutual interests. Overall, all participants enjoyed using the video chat system as a means for social engagement and showed trends for social health and quality of life benefits. This field trial illustrates the potential for video chat to provide social engagement opportunities for older adults with and without cognitive impairment.
CONTEMPORARY CORE JOB FUNCTIONS OF NURSING HOME SOCIAL SERVICES DEPARTMENT IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: Lemke Amy L , Bern-Klug Mercedes 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Nursing home social services departments (NH SS-Ds) are involved in a myriad of duties i.e., from care manager, patient advocate to counselor. But it is unclear how much variation there is across departments. Begging the question, what are the most common core functions of NH SS-Ds in the United States? A nationally representative cross-sectional sample of 922 NH SS-Ds completed a survey on-line or via mail. They were asked to indicate the extent their department was involved in 46 job functions. The listing of functions was inspired by the literature and pilot tested. The most common core functions would include those whereby at least 2/3s of the respondents would report “always/usually” being involved. 32 of the 46 functions were rated as “always/usually” and therefore qualified as the most common core functions. The five most common were discussing with staff the discharges of long-term as well as short-stay residents; arranging services for residents returning to the community; creating care plans; and mediating issues between residents. There were only two items whereby less than 10% of departments were “always/usually” involved – working with volunteers and helping feed residents. This survey tool successfully represented core SS-D functions as remarkable similarity across SS-Ds in the US existed. Responsibilities associated with care planning and care transitions were heavily featured, thus reflecting recent federal guidelines changes. The study’s results are pertinent to researchers, educators as well as nursing home administrators for role clarification and identification of training domains.
SELF-ACCEPTANCE BUFFERS NEGATIVE SOLITUDE-PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LINKS IN OLD AGE
Authors: Mielcarski Jody , Graf Peter , Ashe Maureen C , Hoppmann Christiane A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Loneliness is positively associated with a number of negative psychological and health outcomes. Solitude, a related yet distinct phenomenon, can have positive or negative ramifications depending on the context. As older adults spend significant time in solitude, there is particular need to investigate the effects of solitude on the health of this specific segment of the population. This study investigated everyday life associations between solitude and obstacles to physical activity as well as resources for overcoming these obstacles in order to determine whether and for whom solitude is negatively or positively associated with physical activity. Multilevel modelling was used to analyze data from 138 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older. Participants completed three daily questionnaires over a period of ten days concerning social context, activities and obstacles, as well as managing obstacles. Preliminary analyses using a subset of participants with complete data (N = 93) indicate that participants reported more physical activity obstacles when they were in solitude. This only applied to participants low in self-acceptance. Furthermore, self-acceptance was also positively associated with the extent to which individuals who had experienced an obstacle (N = 71) managed to overcome it. Further analyses will examine accelerometry-based movement information as well as the role of additional resources (e.g. living with others) and vulnerability factors (loneliness, anxiety).
DO THE PRESENCE OF ADULT CHILDREN AND THEIR MARITAL STATUS MATTER FOR ACCESS TO THE PUBLIC LONG-TERM CARE SYSTEM?
Authors: Wakui Tomoko , Okubo Suguru , Tamiya Nanako , Watanabe Taeko , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Kai Ichiro 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Knowing how the presence of family affects access to the public long-term care system is important for evaluating the adequacy of the system. This study examined the relationship between the presence of adult children and their marital status, and access to a public system by examining the gap between self-reported care needs and the official certification as needing care under the Japanese public long-term care insurance system. Data from Japan’s 2016 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions were used. A total of 23,466 older adult claimants, aged 65 years and older were analyzed. Outcomes were whether or not claimants were officially certified as needing care under the system, and the relationship of the presence of both live-in and live-out children and their marital status were examined controlling for claimants’ age, gender, education, financial status, and physical and cognitive conditions. Females comprised 64.8% of the sample, and the average age was 83 years (SD=7.8). The percentage of claimants living with a single or married child were 25.2% and 26.9%, respectively, and 60.1% were parents of children who lived independently. The percentage who were officially certified as needing care was 68.5%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that claimants with a live-in child were less likely to be officially certified as needing care, and claimants with live-in a single child were less likely to be officially certified compared with those with a married child. Live-in single children may provide long-term care by themselves, and the excess burden on them needs to be further investigated.
INCREASING VULNERABILITY AMONG OLDER AMERICANS ACT HOME-DELIVERED NUTRITION SERVICE CLIENTS
Authors: Robinson Kristen N , Menne Heather L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Older Americans Act (OAA) programs are designed to help frail and vulnerable older adults remain in their homes through the provision of long-term services and supports. Administrative data from the Administration for Community Living (ACL) show that older adults receiving OAA services are three times more likely to live below the poverty level (33.0%) as compared with all older adults (9.2%). In addition, they are almost twice as likely to be living alone (45%) as compared with the general population (28%). Using data from the recently released 2018 National Survey of Older Americans Act Participants, we examine the largest program administered by ACL, the OAA Nutrition Program, to see if the economic vulnerability of home-delivered nutrition service clients has changed over the past 10 years. Results from this study show that recipients of home-delivered nutrition services are more in need of low-cost or free meals in 2018 than they were in 2008 due to a 24% increase in Medicaid eligibility, 41% increase in those who report not having enough money or food stamps to buy food, and 101% increase in those who report receiving food stamps. This increase in economic need may be due to a demographic shift in the marital status and living arrangements of older adults, specifically the 75-84 age group. The increase in the percentage of older adults who are divorced, live alone, and have low income has made the home-delivered nutrition services program even more important today than it was a decade ago.
EVERYDAY ETHICS AND THE UNSEEN MORAL LANDSCAPE OF ASSISTED LIVING
Authors: Kemp Candace L , Lesandrini Jason , Webb Clifvette , Burgess Elisabeth O , Morgan Jennifer C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Assisted living (AL) communities are increasingly popular long-term care settings where people live, work and visit, and where social relationships and care, including end-of-life care, are negotiated. In the context of daily life, residents, their family members and friends, AL care workers and other staff, external care providers, and volunteers, continually encounter one another and make choices about a range of matters. AL is fraught with uncertainty and conflict about values, especially given residents’ cognitive and physical frailty. These value-laden issues have important implications for both resident and care partners’ quality of life. Yet, almost no research has examined ethics in this dynamic and complex care environment. We seek to address this important knowledge gap by examining AL through an ethical lens. Drawing on our research and practice experiences, we present a conceptual model that situates everyday ethics within multiple multi-levels of moral decision-making factors and systems involving individuals, the care setting and surrounding community, social norms, and the broader regulatory context. We provide an overview of AL’s moral landscape and present examples of three everyday ethical issues. We first examine informed consent as it pertains to sexual encounters involving residents with dementia. Next, we consider boundary and role issues inherent in care process and relationships. Finally, we discuss resident privacy as an area for value uncertainty in everyday life within AL. We conclude by emphasizing the need for in-depth and systematic identification of ethical issues in AL and development of management strategies for applied practice.
MIDLIFE HEALTH FACTORS AND LATER-LIFE COGNITIVE DISEASE: RESULTS FROM THE 1998-2014 HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY
Authors: Wu Benson , Toseef Mohammad Usama , Tarraf Wassim , González Hector M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Understanding lifecourse determinants of older-age health outcomes is indispensable for resources planning and optimizing public health in light of continued gains in longevity in the US and worldwide. Data increasingly points to midlife health and modifiable risk factors as critical targets for improving older-age health outcomes and mitigating potential cognitive impairment and disease. We used 16-years of biennial data (1998-2014) from the Health and Retirement Study (unweighted-n=6,724), to examine how a comprehensive battery of midlife (age 50-64 years) health measures (disability, physical function, comorbid conditions, and self-reported health) affect cognitive status (using Langa-Weir criteria: Normal, Cognitively Impaired Not Dementia (CIND), and Dementia) and death 16-years later. Additionally, we test for racial/ethnic and gender modifications in the effects of these conditions on the outcomes of interest. We used survey multinomial logistic regression models adjusting for predisposing sociodemographic factors, health-enabling economic characteristics and health behaviors. Relative risk ratios (RRR) across all unadjusted models varied from 1.36-4.84 and 1.36-3.31 for those with dementia and who died in 2014 respectively, suggesting worse health outcomes in midlife are associated with higher dementia/mortality risk in later-life. After covariates-adjustment, comorbidities (RRR=1.15[1.04,1.27]) and Self-reported Health (RRR=1.36[1.22,1.52]) were associated with CIND, and attenuation was particularly pronounced for IADLS (RRR=3.15[2.25,4.43]) and Fine Motor Skills (RRR=1.94[1.46,2.57]) for individuals with dementia in 2014. Neither sex nor race/ethnicity modified these associations. Modifying the midlife health profile of US adults can yield important public health savings and reductions in structural and social health burdens through extenuating the prevalence of dementias and reducing excess mortality.
NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE DYSFUNCTION UNDERLIES CEREBROVASCULAR DEFICITS IN A MOUSE MODEL OF TAUOPATHY
Authors: Van Skike Candice E , Hussong Stacy A , Banh Andy , Galvan Veronica 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We recently identified pathogenic soluble aggregated tau (tau oligomers) in the cerebral microvasculature of human patients with tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The functional consequences of cerebrovascular tau accumulation are not yet understood. The aim of the present study was to determine whether pathogenic tau accumulation leads to cerebrovascular dysfunction. To this end, we measured neurovascular coupling (NVC), a highly regulated process that synchronizes cerebral blood flow to neuronal activation, using the PS19(P301S) mouse model of tauopathy. The change in cerebral blood flow evoked by whisker stimulation was measured using Laser Doppler flowmetry in PS19 and wildtype control mice and the functional contribution of neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (nNOS and eNOS, respectively) was calculated. Vascular reactivity was assessed using topical acetylcholine to evoke endothelium-dependent vasodilation. To assess the direct impact of pathogenic tau on cell-specific NOS function, we treated N2a neuroblastoma cells or mouse brain vascular endothelial cells with soluble tau aggregates and measured activity of nNOS and eNOS. Our data indicate isolated overexpression of mutant tau impairs NVC responses, and this deficit is mediated by a reduction in nNOS activity in vivo. Further, our studies suggest tauopathy also impairs endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity in the cortex. Additionally, soluble tau aggregates inhibit the phosphorylation of NOS in primary cultured cells. Therefore, inhibition of NOS phosphorylation by pathogenic soluble tau aggregates may underlie cerebrovascular dysfunction in tauopathies. Thus, therapeutic modulation of pathogenic tau may mitigate brain microvascular deficits, which occur prior to clinical onset in Alzheimer’s disease and potentially other tauopathies.
TOGETHER THROUGH DEMENTIA: MEASURING RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION FOR VETERANS WITH DEMENTIA AND THEIR SPOUSES
Authors: Loup Julia , Block Phoebe , Rieder Nathalie , Alexander Kimberly , Bishop Teddy K , Snow A Lynn , Hilgeman Michelle M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Current and prior relationship quality can have significant impacts on the mental and physical health of individuals with dementia (IWD) and their spousal caregivers (CGs). Yet, marital satisfaction is not often assessed. This poster examines use of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), a widely-researched marriage counseling tool, for contextualizing interpersonal factors beyond established measures of quality-of-life (QoL), burden, and depression. Community-dwelling spousal CGs (n = 49) and Veterans with dementia (n = 37) completed self-report measures including dyadic relationship satisfaction/distress, mutuality, QoL, depression, burden, and the IWD’s cognitive status. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and regressions were performed. Scores on the DAS significantly correlated with CG QoL (.567, p &lt; .001), CG depression (-.525, p &lt; .001), CG burden (-.428, p = .002), IWD’s cognitive status (.355, p = .034), and IWD social engagement (-.424, p = .011). IWD-reported DAS scores were positively correlated with IWD QoL (.381, p = .024), CG QoL (.340, p = .043), and IWD subjective health (.360, p =.031). Regression analysis showed CG DAS (b = .188, β = .464, p = .002) and IWD social engagement (b = -2.806, β = -.37, p = .012) are significantly predictive of CG QoL; F(2, 32) = 15.865, p &lt; .001; R2 = .495. Findings suggest that the DAS provides important relationship quality insights and may improve QoL needs assessments for caregiving support and respite services, including CG willingness to continue in the CG role. Examining the DAS longitudinally could also inform intervention delivery as dementia severity progresses.
BEST PRACTICE CAREGIVING: DIFFERENCES AND GAPS AMONG DEMENTIA SUPPORT PROGRAMS FOR FAMILY & FRIEND CAREGIVERS
Authors: Rentsch Julie H , Bass David , Kelly Kathy , Maslow Katie , Ciancibello Alyssa , Eskenazi Leah , Schaffer Rachel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Family members and friends are the main providers of care for persons living with dementia. However, dementia caregivers are at greater risk than other caregivers of experiencing negative caregiving consequences. Despite the development of evidence-based programs to support dementia caregivers, few health or social service organizations offer any of these programs due, in part, to a lack of knowledge about their availability. Best Practice Caregiving is a newly launched website where professionals can get detailed information about these programs. Data collected to develop Best Practice Caregiving are analyzed for a sample of 42 evidence-based dementia caregiving programs to describe similarities and differences among programs including gaps in assistance available from these programs. Results show 64% of programs are delivered to caregivers only while the remaining are delivered to the caregiver and/or persons with dementia. Nearly half (43%) of the 42 programs are delivered in-person, 38% by phone, with 17% delivered all or in part online. Most programs are delivered by professionals (86%) followed by trained lay leaders (40%) and self-guided (12%). Most programs (95%) provide assistance with coping with illness/caregiving and the relationship of the dyad. Fewer than half of the programs assist caregivers with issues regarding finances (45%), end-of-life care (43%), and medical care (40%). Data from 233 delivery organizations show the most common challenge was getting caregivers to accept and complete the program (86%). Delivery sites reported more success with funding the program (mean=8.2 on a scale of 1-10) than with marketing and recruiting participants (mean=6.7).