bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-stage laparoscopic resection of giant hepatoblastoma in infants combined with liver partial partition and artery ligation
Authors: Wu Yaohao , Zeng Lexiang , Qiu Ronglin , Zhang Jie , Su Jianhang , Liao Minyi , Deng Xiaogeng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Laparoscopic resection of giant hepatoblastoma (HB) in children has long been a subject of controversy. Here a new procedure of two-stage laparoscopic resection of giant HB in infants was firstly reported and the feasibility was discussed.
Methods
The clinical data of 3 infants with HB were retrospectively reviewed, all of which received 3–5 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Stage one laparoscopic selective hepatic artery ligation and liver partial partition were performed. Stage two laparoscopic hepatectomy was performed two weeks later.
Results
The results demonstrated that: 1) The tumors shrank considerably in size and had relatively clear boundaries after neoadjuvant chemotherapy; 2) After stage one surgery, the tumor volume further reduced, while the intratumoral necrosis expanded. 3) Two weeks later, stage two laparoscopic hepatectomy was performed successfully; 4) None of the cases had intraoperative complications such as tumor rupture, air embolism, hemorrhage, biliary fistula or liver failure, and there was no recurrence or metastasis during follow-up.
Conclusions
Two-stage laparoscopic hepatectomy associating selective hepatic artery ligation and liver partial partition for HB in infants has the benefits of small invasiveness, fast recovery, improved safety and high feasibility. However, more cases and longer follow-up are needed to assess its long-term efficacy.
An evolutionary system of mineralogy. Part III: Primary chondrule mineralogy (4566 to 4561 Ma)
Authors: Hazen Robert M. , Morrison Shaunna M. , Prabhu Anirudh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInformation-rich attributes of minerals reveal their physical, chemical, and biological modes of origin in the context of planetary evolution, and thus they provide the basis for an evolutionary system of mineralogy. Part III of this system considers the formation of 43 different primary crystalline and amorphous phases in chondrules, which are diverse igneous droplets that formed in environments with high dust/gas ratios during an interval of planetesimal accretion and differentiation between 4566 and 4561 Ma. Chondrule mineralogy is complex, with several generations of initial droplet formation via various proposed heating mechanisms, followed in many instances by multiple episodes of reheating and partial melting. Primary chondrule mineralogy thus reflects a dynamic stage of mineral evolution, when the diversity and distribution of natural condensed solids expanded significantly.
Decision tree-based reduction of bias in monthly IMERG satellite precipitation dataset over India
Authors: Chaudhary Shushobhit , Dhanya C. T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDecision trees are ideally suited for handling huge datasets and modelling non-linear relationships between different variables. Given the relationship between precipitation and bias may be very complex and non-linear, bias-correction of satellite precipitation is a challenge. We examine the applicability of Classification and Regression tree (CART) for bias-correction of the Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Mission (IMERG) precipitation dataset over India. The gauge-based 0.25° gridded precipitation dataset from India Meteorological Department is considered as the reference. The CART model is trained (2001–2011) and tested (2012–2016) over each 0.25° grids. The training dataset is subjected to 10-fold cross-validation and optimization of the minimum size of leaf node (one of the hyper-parameter). Efficiency of the CART model is evaluated using performance metrics like R2, RMSE and MAB over the whole of India and different climate and elevation zones in India. CART model is observed to be highly effective in capturing the bias during the training (average R2= 0.77) and testing (average R2 = 0.66) period. Significant improvement in average monthly MAB (−6.3 to 29.2%) and RMSE (8.7–37.3%) was obtained post bias-correction by CART. Better performance of CART model was observed when compared to two widely adopted bias-correction techniques.
Estimating the design flood under the influence of check dams by removing nonstationarity from the flood peak discharge series
Authors: Li Shi , Qin Yi , Liu Yixiu , Song Xiaoyu , Liu Qiang , Li Ziwen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The construction of check dams in northwestern China has resulted in nonstationary changes in flood peak discharge series; the stationary assumption of the conventional hydrological frequency analysis is no longer satisfied. According to the characteristics of the construction and operation of check dams, the nonstationarity of flood peak discharge series are largely induced by changes in the effective runoff generation area (i.e., the basin area minus the area controlled by check dams). Knowing the power function relationship between the flood peak discharge and the basin area, we can remove the influence of the effective runoff generation area and convert the original nonstationary series into a stationary series. This de-nonstationarity method can achieve stationarity in the first and second moments simultaneously. Therefore, we can calculate the design value of the reconstructed series using the conventional frequency analysis method. According to the effective runoff generation area under design conditions, we can then obtain the corresponding design flood of the original series. We applied this method to the Mahuyu River basin to obtain the design flood under nonstationarity. Due to the consideration of the deterministic influence of check dams during the de-nonstationarity process, the uncertainty analyzed by the bootstrap method is obviously small.
Development of a biogas distribution model for a wastewater treatment plant: a mixed integer linear programming approach
Authors: Laing Harry , O'Malley Chris , Browne Anthony , Rutherford Tony , Baines Tony , Willis Mark J. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a realistic model for gas distribution of an advanced municipal wastewater treatment works and through minimisation of the total cost of gas distribution we perform retrospective optimisation (RO) using historical plant data. This site is the first in the UK with a mixed operational strategy for biomethane produced on site: to burn in combined heat and power (CHP) engines to create electricity, burn in steam boilers for onsite steam use or inject the biomethane into the National Grid. In addition, natural gas can be imported to make up shortfalls in biomethane if required. Implemented using a novel mixed integer linear programming (MILP) approach, to ensure a fast and robust solution, our results indicate the plant operated optimally within accepted tolerance 98% of the time. However, improving plant robustness (such as reducing unexpected breakdown incidents) could yield a significant increase in gas revenue of 7.8%.
Effect of wetting agent on the dye filtration performance of ultrafiltration membrane
Authors: Keskin Başak , Ormancı-Acar Türkan , Türken Türker , Imer Derya Y. , Koyuncu Ismail 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this study, the wet phase inversion method was used for fabrication of the flat sheet ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. Three different polymer types and two different wetting agents were used for the fabrication. The effect of polymer types and wetting agents were investigated on the structural and dye performance of casted membranes. Two different synthetic dyes, 100 ppm Setazol Red and 100 ppm Setazol Blue, were used for the performance test. Viscosity, contact angle, and molecular weight cut off (MWCO) of casted membranes were measured and an electro kinetic analyzer, dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to determine the structural properties. While the highest water and dye permeability were obtained with PES-PEG membrane, PSf-plain membrane gave the highest removal efficiency for Setazol Red and Setazol Blue dyes, which was found to be 78.33% and 82.52%, respectively, in the conditions of neutral pH and ambient temperature. Addition of PVP and PEG wetting agents improved the structural properties and permeability of membranes, but the dye removal was decreased as against plain ones. As the retention of PEG and PVP-based PSf and PES membrane was calculated at an average of 50%, they could be used for dye retention separately or could be a candidate as a pretreatment membrane prior to nanofiltration or reverse osmosis to make their lifetime longer.
Challenges in Oral Drug Delivery and Applications of Lipid Nanoparticles as Potent Oral Drug Carriers for Managing Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Okur Neslihan Ü. , Siafaka Panoraia I. , Gökçe Evren H. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The oral application of drugs is the most popular route through which the systemic effect can be
achieved. Nevertheless, oral administration is limited by difficulties related to physicochemical properties of the drug molecule, including low aqueous solubility, instability, low permeability, and rapid metabolism, all of which result in low and irregular oral bioavailability.

Objective:
The enhancement of oral bioavailability of drug molecules with such properties could lead to extreme complications in drug preparations. Oral lipid based nanoparticles seems to possess extensive advantages due to their ability to increase the solubility, simplifying intestinal absorption and decrease or eradicate the effect of food on the absorption of low
soluble, lipophilic drugs and therefore improving the oral bioavailability.

Method:
The present review provides a summary of the general theory of lipid based nanoparticles, their preparation methods as well as their oral applications. Moreover, the oral drug delivery challenges are discussed.

Results:
According to this review, the most frequent types of lipid-based nanoparticle, the solid lipid nanoparticles and
nanostructured lipid carriers are potent oral carriers due to their ability to penetrate the oral drug adsorption barriers. Moreover, such lipid nanoparticles can be beneficial drug carriers against cardiovascular risk disorders as diabetes, hypertension
etc.

Conclusion:
In this review, the most current and promising studies involving Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured
Lipid Carriers as oral drug carriers are reported aiming to assist researchers who focus their research on lipid based nanoparticles.
Design of New Improved Curcumin Derivatives to Multi-targets of Cancer and Inflammation
Authors: Harikrishnan A. , Khanna Sunali , Veena V. 
Published: August 2020

Background:Curcumin is a major active principle of Curcuma longa. There are more than 1700 citations in the Medline, reflecting various biological effects of curcumin. Most of these biological activities are associated with the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity of the molecule. Several reports suggest various targets of natural curcumin that include growth factors, growth factor receptor, cytokines, enzymes and gene regulators of apoptosis. This review focuses on the improved curcumin derivatives that target the cancer and inflammation.Methodology:In this present review, we explored the anticancer drugs with curcumin-based drugs under pre-clinical and clinical studies with critical examination. Based on the strong scientific reports of patentable and non-patented literature survey, we have investigated the mode of the interactions of curcumin-based molecules with the target molecules.Results:Advanced studies have added new dimensions of the molecular response of cancer cells to curcumin at the genomic level. However, poor bioavailability of the molecule seems to be the major limitation of the curcumin. Several researchers have been involved to improve the curcumin derivatives to overcome this limitation. Sufficient data of clinical trials to various cancers that include multiple myeloma, pancreatic cancer and colon cancer, have also been discussed.Conclusion:The detailed analysis of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) and common synthesis of curcumin-based derivatives have been discussed in the review. Utilising the predictions of in silico coupled with validation reports of in vitro and in vivo studies have concluded many targets for curcumin. Among them, cancer-related inflammation genes regulating curcumin-based molecules are a very promising target to overcome hurdles in the multimodality therapy of cancer.
Development of Thymol Microsponges Loaded in situ Gel for the Treatment of Periodontitis
Authors: Patole Vinita C. , Chaudhari Shilpa P. 
Published: August 2020

Objective:
Periodontitis is an oral disease categorized by disturbance of periodontal tissue and
the creation of periodontal pockets. Thymol (TH) loaded microsponge in situ gelling systems was formulated
for local action in the periodontal cavity for the management of periodontitis.

Methods:
Solvent evaporation technique was utilized for the preparation of microsponges. A Fractional
Factorial Design (FFD) was used to screen the high risk variables impacting the characteristics of the
(TH) microsponges and further optimized using Box-Behnken design. The optimized microsponges were
then characterized by DSC, SEM, antimicrobial activity, in-vitro release, and then incorporated in the in situ gelling system. A ligature model was used to induce periodontitis in Sprague Dawley rats.

Results:
The microsponges showed good characteristics, such as particle size, entrapment efficiency,
and mucoadhesiveness of 45 μm, 92.99 ± 0.2%, 96 ± 0.26%, respectively. SEM revealed the spherical
morphology of the microsponges with sustained release of TH for 10h and antimicrobial activity against
S. mutans and C. albicans. Treatment with Thymol Loaded in situ Gel (THLMG) showed a decrease in
gingival inflammation and tooth mobility as well as in serum biochemical parameters like serum Creactive
proteins, leucocyte count, alkaline phosphatase, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, when
compared to disease group. The histopathological study of the periodontium confirmed a significant
reduction of inflammation and alveolar bone destruction (p<0.05) in rats.

Conclusion:
THLMG decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells and prevented osteoclastogenesis
and osteoblast apoptosis, which further favored a decrease in inflammation and alveolar bone loss in
periodontitis. Thus, THLMG could be a better alternative to synthetic antimicrobials and antibiotics to
treat periodontitis.
CORM-3 Regulates Microglia Activity, Prevents Neuronal Injury, and Improves Memory Function During Radiation-induced Brain Injury
Authors: Lu Kui , Wu Wen-Jun , Zhang Cheng , Zhu Yu-Liang , Zhong Jian-Qiang , Li Jie 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
This study aims to explore in detail, the mechanism of the carbon monoxide
releasing molecule-3 (CORM-3) in regulating the activity of microglia (MG) in the treatment of radiation
brain injury (RBI).

Methods:
The brain injury models of BV2 cells and Balb/C mice were established and randomly divided
into three groups: the normal control group (CON), the single radiation group (RAD), and
the radiation plus CORM-3 intervention group (RAD+CORM). Immunofluorescence was used to
observe the effects on activation of the MG. The expressions of inflammatory factors, such as intercellular
adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), were detected
by Western blot. Neuron apoptosis and regeneration in the radiation brain injury (RBI) model were
detected by neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN)+TUNEL and NeuN+BrdU double staining. A Morris
water maze was used to assess the spatial learning and memory of the mice.

Results:
Within 48 h after radiation, CORM-3 inhibited activation of the MG, blocked the phosphorylation
of P38, and increased the expression of ICAM-1 and iNOS. Therefore, CORM-3 might
alleviate MG-mediated neuronal apoptosis and promote neural regeneration in the subgranular
zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. CORM-3 could increase the swimming distance
and platform-stay time of the mice in the target platform quadrant after radiation.

Conclusion:
CORM-3 could effectively improve the inflammatory response induced by activation
of the MG, reduce neuronal apoptosis, promote neural regeneration, and improve the learning and
memory performance of mice after radiation.
Prolonged Release of Anti-Retroviral Efavirenz From System Using ZIF-8 as Carrier
Authors: Tabosa Alinne Élida Gonçalves Alves , Ferreira Aline Silva , da Silva Natália Millena , da Silva Nascimento Débora Dolores Souza , de Moura Ferraz Leslie Raphael , Silva José Yago Rodrigues , Junior Severino Alves , da Silva Rosali Maria Ferreira , Rolim Larissa Araújo , Rolim-Neto Pedro Jose 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a major public health
problem in the world. One of the highly effective drugs in anti-HIV therapy is efavirenz (EFZ),
which is classified as Class II according to the Classification System of Biopharmaceuticals, presenting
low solubility and high permeability, this being an obstacle related to the drug.

Objective:
This study aimed to obtain an innovative system based on EFZ and the Zeolitic Imidazolate
Framework (ZIF-8) to use in the development of prolonged-release pharmaceutical forms that
can circumvent this problem.

Methods:
The EFZ: ZIF-8 system was obtained by a selected ex-situ method due to its higher incorporation
efficiency. Different characterization techniques corroborated the obtainment of the system,
and drug release was analyzed by dissolution testing under sink conditions, the profiles being
adjusted to some kinetic models.

Results:
At pH 1.2, the structure of ZIF-8 breaks down rapidly, releasing a large amount of drug
within either 3h or short time. In the pH 4.5 and 6.8 medium, the EFZ release from the EFZ: ZIF-8
system obtained in ethanol was prolonged, releasing 95% of the drug in 24h at pH 4.5 and 75%
medium at pH 6.8.

Conclusion:
It is evident that a promising pH-sensitive system was obtained using ZIF-8 as a novel
carrier of EFZ intended for the alternative treatment of AIDS.
Clinical Outcomes of Post-exposure Prophylaxis following Occupational Exposure to Human Immunodeficiency Virus at Dental Departments of Hiroshima University Hospital
Authors: Shintani T. , Iwata T. , Okada M. , Nakaoka M. , Yamasaki N. , Fujii T. , Shiba H. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Dental professionals have so many opportunities to use injection needles and sharp instruments
during dental treatment that they face an increased risk of needlestick injuries. This retrospective study reports the utilization
and clinical outcomes of occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with anti-retroviral agents after being potentially
exposed to HIV at dental departments of Hiroshima University Hospital.

Objective:
This study reports the utilization and clinical outcomes of occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with
anti-retroviral agents after being potentially exposed to HIV at dental departments of Hiroshima University Hospital.

Methods:
Data on the clinical status of HIV-infected source patients and information on HIV-exposed dental professionals
from 2007 to 2018 were collected.

Results:
Five dentists with an average experience of 5.6 years (1-15 years) were exposed. The averaged CD4-positive cell
number and HIV-RNA load were 1176 (768-1898) / l and less than 20 copies/ml, respectively, in all the patients. Two of
the five HIV exposed dentists received PEP. Three months after the exposures, all of their results were negative in HIV antibody/antigen tests.

Conclusion:
These data might support the concept of “undetectable equals untransmittable”, although HIV exposure in this
study was not through sexual transmission.
Encapsulation by Electrospraying of Anticancer Compounds from Jackfruit Extract (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam): Identification, Characterization and Antiproliferative Properties
Authors: Rivera-Aguilar José O. , Calderón-Santoyo Montserrat , González-Cruz Elda M. , Ramos-Hernández Jorge A. , Ragazzo-Sánchez Juan A. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Compounds with biological activities had been reported in the jackfruit. These compounds
are susceptible to structural changes such as isomerization and/or loss of bonds due to environmental
factors. Then, the encapsulation for protecting is a necessary process.

Objective:
In this study, encapsulation of High-Value Biological Compounds (HVBC) was performed using
High Degree of Polymerization Agave Fructans (HDPAF) and Whey Protein (WP) as encapsulating materials to
preserve the biological properties of the HVBC.

Methods:
The extract was characterized by HPLC-MS in order to show the presence of compounds with preventive
or therapeutic effects on chronic degenerative diseases such as cancer. The micrographs by Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM), Thermal Analysis (TGA and DSC), photostabilization and antiproliferation of
M12.C3.F6 cell line of capsules were evaluated.

Results:
The micrographs of the nanocapsules obtained by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed
spherical capsules with sizes between 700 and 800nm. No cracks, dents or deformations were observed. The
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) evidenced the decomposition of the unencapsulated extract ranging from 154
to 221°C. On the other hand, the fructan-whey protein mixture demonstrated that nanocapsules have a thermoprotective
effect because the decomposition temperature of the encapsulated extract increased 32.1°C. Differential
Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) exhibited similar values of the glass transition temperature (Tg) between the capsules
with and without extract; which indicates that the polymeric material does not interact with the extract
compounds. The photoprotection study revealed that nanocapsules materials protect the jackfruit extract compounds
from the UV radiation. Finally, the cell viability on the proliferation of M12.C3.F6 cell line was not
affected by powder nanocapsules without jackfruit extract, indicating that capsules are not toxic for these cells.
However, microcapsules with jackfruit extract (50μg/ml) were able to inhibit significantly the proliferation cells.

Conclusion:
The encapsulation process provides thermoprotection and photostability, and the antiproliferative
activity of HVBC from jackfruit extract was preserved.
Derivatives of Deoxypodophyllotoxin Induce Apoptosis through Bcl-2/Bax Proteins Expression
Authors: Li Ya-Nan , Ning Ni , Song Lei , Geng Yun , Fan Jun-Ting , Ma Chao-Ying , Jiang He-Zhong 
Published: August 2020

Background:Deoxypodophyllotoxin, isolated from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Anthriscus sylvestris, is well-known because of its significant anti-tumor activity with strong toxicity in vitro and in vivo.Objective:In this article, a series of deoxypodophyllotoxin derivatives were synthesized and their anti-tumor effectiveness was evaluated.Methods:The anti-tumor activity of deoxypodophyllotoxin derivatives was investigated by the MTT assay method. Apoptosis percentage was measured by flow cytometer analysis using Annexin-V-FITC.Results:The derivatives revealed obvious cytotoxicity in the MTT assay by decreasing the number of late cancer cells. The decrease of Bcl-2/Bax could be observed in MCF-7, HepG2, HT-29, and MG-63 using Annexin V-FITC. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in the administration group was decreased, which was determined by the ELISA kit.Conclusion:The derivatives of deoxypodophyllotoxin could induce apoptosis in tumor cell lines by influencing Bcl-2/Bax.