bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc nutrition to enhance rice productivity, zinc use efficiency, and grain biofortification under different production systems
Authors: Zulfiqar Usman , Hussain Saddam , Maqsood Muhammad , Ishfaq Muhammad , Ali Nauman 
Published: October 2020

AbstractZinc (Zn) deficiency is the most important abiotic factor limiting rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity and also a nutritional disorder with adverse impacts on human health worldwide. The present study investigated the comparative effect of four Zn application methods: Zn seed coating (2 g Zn kg−1 seed), Zn seed priming (0.25 M Zn solution), basal application (10 kg ha−1), and Zn foliar spray (0.5% Zn solution) in improving the productivity and biofortification of rice under puddled transplanted (PudTR) and direct‐seeded rice (DSR) system. A general control with no Zn application was included, whereas hydro‐priming and foliar water application were used as positive control treatments for Zn seed priming and Zn foliar spray, respectively. Regardless of application methods, Zn nutrition significantly improved the yield and related traits and grain Zn concentration in both production systems. Averaged across 2 yr, the increase in grain yield under different Zn application treatments was in the order of seed priming (23%) > foliar application (18%) > basal application (18%) > seed coating (13%), compared with the control. However, grain Zn concentration was the highest with seed priming in PudTR (33% over control) and with basal application in DSR (45% over control). The maximum net benefits were obtained through Zn seed priming in both production systems. In conclusion, Zn seed priming improved the yield and was the most cost‐effective method in PudTR and DSR system.
Child diurnal cortisol differs based on profiles of maternal emotion socialization in high risk, low income, and racially diverse families
Authors: Buhler‐Wassmann Andrea C. , Hibel Leah C. , Fondren Kaitlin , Valentino Kristin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractYoung children's physiological and emotional regulation depend on supportive caregiving, especially in the context of stress and adversity. Experiences of child maltreatment become biologically embedded by shaping stress physiology. Maternal emotion socialization may have an important influence on children's limbic‐hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (LHPA) functioning. Grounded in theories of caregiver emotion socialization, a person‐centered latent profile analysis was utilized to identify profiles of maternal emotion socialization among a high risk, low income, and racially diverse group of 248 mothers and their young children (Mage = 4.39 years, SD = 1.10). The majority of the mothers (n = 165) had a history of involvement with the Department of Child Services for substantiated cases of child maltreatment. A latent profile analysis was conducted revealing three emotion socialization profiles: disengaged, engaged, and engaged + supportive. Emotion socialization profile differences in children's diurnal cortisol levels and slope (using area under the curve with respect to ground and increase, respectively) were examined. Children's diurnal cortisol levels were higher, and slopes were flatter, when mothers used more disengaged emotion socialization strategies. Mothers who neglected their children were more likely to fit the disengaged profile than the engaged profile. Implications for the socialization of regulation in children exposed to adversity are discussed.
Linking surface and subterranean climate: implications for the study of hibernating bats and other cave dwellers
Authors: McClure Meredith L. , Crowley Daniel , Haase Catherine G. , McGuire Liam P. , Fuller Nathan W. , Hayman David T. S. , Lausen Cori L. , Plowright Raina K. , Dickson Brett G. , Olson Sarah H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCaves and other subterranean features provide unique environments for many species. The importance of cave microclimate is particularly relevant at temperate latitudes where bats make seasonal use of caves for hibernation. White‐nose syndrome (WNS), a fungal disease that has devastated populations of hibernating bats across eastern and central North America, has brought renewed interest in bat hibernation and hibernaculum conditions. A recent review synthesized current understanding of cave climatology, exploring the qualitative relationship between cave and surface climate with implications for hibernaculum suitability. However, a more quantitative understanding of the conditions in which bats hibernate and how they may promote or mediate WNS impacts is required. We compiled subterranean temperatures from caves and mines across the western United States and Canada to (1) quantify the hypothesized relationship between mean annual surface temperature (MAST) and subterranean temperature and how it is influenced by measurable site attributes, and (2) use readily available gridded data to predict and continuously map the range of temperatures that may be available in caves and mines. Our analysis supports qualitative predictions that subterranean winter temperatures are correlated with MAST, that temperatures are warmer and less variable farther from the surface, and that even deep within‐cave temperatures tend to be lower than MAST. Effects of other site attributes (e.g., topography, vegetation, and precipitation) on subterranean temperatures were not detected. We then assessed the plausibility of model‐predicted temperatures using knowledge of winter bat distributions and preferred hibernaculum temperatures. Our model unavoidably simplifies complex subterranean environments and is not intended to explain all variability in subterranean temperatures. Rather, our results offer researchers and managers improved broad‐scale estimates of the geographic distribution of potential hibernaculum conditions compared to reliance on MAST alone. We expect this information to better support range‐scale estimation of winter bat distributions and projection of likely WNS impacts across the west. We suggest that our model predictions should serve as hypotheses to be further tested and refined as additional data become available.
Evaluation of Cyto-genotoxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) to Allium cepa
Authors: Sivaram Anithadevi Kenday , Logeshwaran Panneerselvan , Surapaneni Aravind , Shah Kalpit , Crosbie Nicholas , Rogers Zoe , Lee Elliot , Venkatraman Kartik , Kannan Kurunthachalam , Naidu Ravi , Megharaj Mallavarapu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have emerged as contaminants of global concern. Among several PFAS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are persistent and bioaccumulative compounds. We investigated the cyto-genotoxic potential of PFOS to Allium cepa root meristem cells. The A. cepa root tips were exposed to 6 different concentrations (1–100 mg L−1) of PFOS for 48 h. Reduction in mitotic index and chromosomal aberrations was measured as genotoxic endpoints in meristematic root cells. Exposure to PFOS significantly affected cell division by reducing the miotic index at higher concentrations (&gt;10 mg L−1). The median effect concentration of PFOS to elicit cytotoxicity based on the mitotic index was 43.2 mg L−1. Exposure to PFOS significantly increased chromosomal aberrations at concentrations &gt;25 mg L−1. The common aberrations were micronuclei, vagrant cells, and multipolar anaphase. The alkaline comet assay revealed a genotoxic potential of PFOS with increased tail DNA percentage at concentrations &gt;25 mg L−1. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the cyto-genotoxic potential of PFOS in higher plants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:792–798. © 2020 SETAC
Liver Metastases of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Implications for an Updated Staging System
Authors: Lamarca Angela , Santos‐Laso Alvaro , Utpatel Kirsten , La Casta Adelaida , Stock Simone , Forner Alejandro , Adeva Jorge , Folseraas Trine , Fabris Luca , Macias Rocio I.R. , Krawczyk Marcin , Krawczyk Marek , Cardinale Vincenzo , Braconi Chiara , Alvaro Domenico , Evert Matthias , Banales Jesus M. , Valle Juan W. ,   for the Group: on behalf of the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma (ENS‐CCA)
Published: October 2020

Background and Aims
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) with liver metastases is perceived to have a poor prognosis, but the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classifies them as early stage in the absence of lymph nodes or extrahepatic spread.

Approach and Results
Patients with iCCA from the European Network for the Study of Cholangiocarcinoma (ENS‐CCA) and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries with survival/staging (AJCC v.7) data were eligible. Modified staging was used (mAJCC v.7): group A: stages I‐III (excluding T2bN0); group B: stage IVa (excluding T2bN1M0); group C: liver metastases (T2bN0/1); and group D: stage IVb (extrahepatic metastases). Survival analysis (Kaplan‐Meier and Cox regression) was performed in an ENS‐CCA training cohort (TC) and findings internally (ENS‐CCA iVC) and externally (SEER) validated. The aim was to assess whether liver metastases (group C) had a shorter survival compared to other early stages (group A) to propose a modified version of AJCC v.8 (mAJCC v.8). A total of 574 and 4,171 patients from the ENS‐CCA and SEER registries were included. Following the new classification, 19.86% and 17.31% of patients from the ENS‐CCA and SEER registries were reclassified into group C, respectively. In the ENS‐CCA TC, multivariable Cox regression was adjusted for obesity (p = 0.026) and performance status (P < 0.001); patients in group C (HR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.18‐5.42; P = 0.017) had a higher risk of death (vs. group A). Findings were validated in the ENS‐CCA iVC (HR, 2.93; 95% CI, 2.04‐4.19; P < 0.001) and in the SEER registry (HR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.68‐2.09; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
iCCA with liver metastases has a worse outcome than other early stages of iCCA. Given that AJCC v.8 does not take this into consideration, a modification of AJCC v.8 (mAJCC v.8), including “liver metastases: multiple liver lesions, with or without vascular invasion” as an “M1a stage,” is suggested.
Trickle‐down and bottom‐up effects of women's representation in the context of industry gender composition: A panel data investigation
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Grabarski Mirit K. , Konrad Alison M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLittle is known about how changing organizational gender composition can enhance women's representation at lower levels (trickle‐down effects) and higher levels (bottom‐up effects), and which contextual elements strengthen or weaken these effects. We built a large panel dataset from archives spanning 2010–2019 to test our theorized trickle‐down and bottom‐up effects across three levels: non‐management, lower through middle management (LTMM), and top management team (TMT), including our theorized moderating effects of industry gender composition (male‐tilted vs. female tilted vs. balanced). Our panel analyses show that bottom‐up effects are strongest in female‐tilted industries, consistent with the gender‐role congruence explanation that women appear to be more fitting to leadership positions when followers are predominantly women. Trickle‐down effects are strongest in male‐tilted industries at the lower levels (LTMM to non‐management), but strongest in female‐tilted industries at the higher levels (TMT to LTMM). Together, these findings suggest that increasing the number of female supervisors and middle managers is effective for bringing more female employees into male‐tilted industries. However, the fact that male‐tilted industries showed no significant trickle‐down effects from TMT to LTMM suggests that senior women in these contexts refrain from acting to support other women's careers in order to avoid highlighting their gender identity.
Preparing for Biofilm Studies in the Field
Authors: McLean Robert J.C. , Simpson Thomas R. 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTIn their natural environments, microorganisms are under constant environmental selection to form biofilms. Using aquatic biofilms as an example, this unit illustrates general concepts in field biology and practical suggestions for designing, conducting, and analyzing biofilm experiments at varying distances from the laboratory. The unit also addresses an example of a special situation (space flight) where experimentation must be done by proxy through another individual or machine.
Students' perceptions of the value of stakeholder engagement during engineering design
Authors: Mohedas Ibrahim , Sienko Kathleen H. , Daly Shanna R. , Cravens Grace L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundHuman‐centered design approaches promote and facilitate comprehensive understanding of stakeholders to inform design decisions. Successful engagement with stakeholders is critical to favorable design outcomes and requires skillful information gathering and synthesizing processes, which present unique challenges to student designers.Purpose/HypothesisOur study sought to answer the following research question: What factors influence design teams' perceptions of the value of stakeholder engagement during design decision‐making?Design/MethodDuring a capstone design experience, we conducted four semistructured group interviews with seven capstone undergraduate student design teams and collected their design reports. We analyzed the data across teams to identify factors that influenced teams' perceptions of the value of stakeholder engagement.ResultsTeams perceived stakeholder specific interactions to be more useful when they prespecified a goal for the interaction, interacted with stakeholders who had specific subject matter expertise, or ceded control of the decision‐making process to stakeholders. Students perceived interactions to be less useful when information gathered varied across stakeholders or when information was not directly applicable to the design decision at hand.ConclusionsThe factors this study identified that influenced students' perceptions of the usefulness of stakeholder interactions elucidate specific challenges students encounter when engaging with stakeholders. Students could benefit from pedagogical structures that assist them throughout design‐related engagement with stakeholders and when applying the information gathered through engagements with stakeholders to design decision‐making.
Optimized MRI Assessment for Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: A STARD‐Compliant Two‐Center Study
Authors: Bao Jie , Zhi Rui , Hou Ying , Zhang Jing , Wu Chen‐Jiang , Wang Xi‐Ming , Zhang Yu‐Dong 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThere is a requirement for a personalized strategy to make MRI more accessible to men with suspicion of clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPC).PurposeTo evaluate an optimized (Op)‐MRI compared with biparametric (Bp)‐MRI and multiparametric (Mp)‐MRI for the diagnosis of CSPC.Study TypeTwo‐center, retrospective.SubjectsA total of 346 patients from center 1 and 292 patients from center 2.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T scanners, T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) imaging.AssessmentFour radiologists interpreted the Bp‐MRI (T2WI and DWI) and Mp‐MRI (T2WI, DWI, and DCE) independently according to the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS). For Op‐MRI, two radiologists used an adjusted decision rule on Bp‐MRI‐assessed PI‐RADS 3 lesions by determining early enhancement of DCE. Pathologies at biopsy and/or prostatectomy specimens were used as standard references.Statistical TestsPerformance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Kappa statistics were used to assess interobserver variability.ResultsInterreader agreement was excellent for all three MRI assessments (all κ values >0.80). Op‐MRI had comparable sensitivity (senior/junior: 90.9% [261/287] / 91.6% [263/287]) and higher specificity (78.1% [274/351] /74.4% [261/351]) compared with Mp‐MRI (sensitivity: 92.3% [265/287] / 93.7% [269/287]; specificity: 67.8% [238/351] / 68.1% [239/351]) and Bp‐MRI (sensitivity: 91.6% [263/287] / 93.4% [268/287]; specificity: 71.2% [250/351] / 70.1% [246/351]) for the diagnosis of CSPC. Compared to Mp‐MRI, Op‐MRI spared biopsy in 80.7% (515/638) of DCE scans with similar performance accuracy. Compared to Bp‐MRI, Op‐MRI downgraded 25.2% (31/123) of lesions at a cost of missing 6.5% (3/46) of malignancies, and upgraded 45.5% (56/123) of lesions with a positive predictive value of 62.5% (35/56) in 123 equivocal findings.Data ConclusionThe Op‐MRI, using an adjusted PI‐RADS decision rule, did not compromise diagnostic accuracy with sparing biopsy in 80.7% of DCE scans compared to Mp‐MRI, and outperformed Bp‐MRI by regrading PI‐RADS lesions.Level of Evidence4Technical Efficacy Stage2
Intensified fragmentation and shrinkage of the polar climate zone in the Arctic
Authors: Guan Yanlong , Lu Hongwei , He Li , Kang Yu , Adhikari Hari , Zhang Jiankai , Pellikka Petri 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUsing both observation and CMIP5 simulation data, this study investigates the shifts of climate zones from a landscape perspective on the Arctic for the period 1940–2013. The results reveal that the reduction in area is often accompanied by the fragmentation of the spatial structure. In terms of percentage of landscape, the coverage of polar climate zone had undergone a rapid decrease from 1940 to 2013. Moreover, the polar climate has been facing an intensified fragmentation over the time 1940–2013. Further analysis shows that this fragmentation phenomenon can be attributed more to anthropogenic than natural forcing from 1940 to 2003, even though the change in patch density is not steady, by comparison of observations and simulation results. In addition, the fragmentation in the Arctic climate zone depends on the horizontal resolution of data. Although the fragmentation trends of observations at three spatial resolutions of 2°–0.5° are consistent, the magnitude of trends weakens as the spatial resolution decreases.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Treatment and the Subsequent Alterations in Median Nerve Transverse Mobility
Authors: Hosseini‐Farid Mohammad , Schrier Verena J. M. M. , Starlinger Julia , Amadio Peter C. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesThe mobility (transverse movement) of the median nerve (MN) is decreased in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and can be measured noninvasively by ultrasound. To date, there are few prognostic features to help predict the outcome of 2 commonly performed treatments: surgical carpal tunnel release and corticosteroid injection. This study aimed to assess the changes in nerve mobility after the intervention and to correlate this with treatment and the disease severity.MethodsA total of 181 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome with different electrophysiologic severities were recruited and assessed by dynamic ultrasound scanning of the MN before and after treatment. The dynamic ultrasound images were collected while the patients performed finger and wrist flexion.ResultsFor both injection and carpal tunnel release, the nerve displacement increased with wrist flexion, from a mean ± SD of 7.0 ± 2.4 to 7.9 ± 2.7 mm (P < .005). Patients who underwent surgery showed greater improvement (P < .005) in nerve mobility compared to those who underwent injection. We also observed that the increase in nerve mobility was predominantly in patients with more nerve damage at baseline.ConclusionsThis study shows that the dynamic behavior of the MN changes in response to treatment and lays a foundation for future studies to assess the prognostic potential of nerve mobility measurement.
Contrasting Effects of Climate Change on Alpine Chamois
Authors: Chirichella Roberta , Stephens Philip A. , Mason Tom H. E. , Apollonio Marco 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTGlobal climate change can affect animal ecology in numerous ways, but researchers usually emphasize undesirable consequences. Temperature increases, for instance, can induce direct physiological costs and indirect effects via mismatches in resource needs and availability. Species living in mountainous regions, however, could experience beneficial effects because winters might become less severe. We examined the potentially opposing effects of climate change during spring, summer, and winter on recruitment in Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra). We examined initial recruitment (i.e., the ratio of kids to adult females) and net recruitment (i.e., the ratio of yearlings to adult females) of Alpine chamois through the use of linear mixed effects models and data from block count censuses performed across a 1,500‐km2 study area in the Italian Alps during summer from 2001 to 2015. Initial recruitment was relatively resistant to the effects of climate change, declining slightly over the study period. We suggest that the effects of increased forage availability and lower snow cover in winter may benefit the reproductive output of adult females, compensating for any negative effects of trophic mismatch and higher temperatures during summer. By contrast, net recruitment strongly declined throughout the study period, consistent with the slight decline of initial recruitment and the negative effects of increasing summer temperatures on the survival of kids during their first winter. These negative effects seemed to outweigh positive effects of climate change, even in a species strongly challenged by winter conditions. These findings provide important information for hunted populations; setting more appropriate hunting bags for yearling chamois should be considered. The ecological plasticity of the chamois, which also inhabits low altitudes, may allow a possible evolutionary escape for the species. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Outcomes of Venous End‐to‐Side Microvascular Anastomoses of the Head and Neck
Authors: Stewart Matthew , Hammond Perry , Khatiwala Ishani , Swendseid Brian , Taghizadeh Farshid , Petrisor Daniel , Zhan Tingting , Goldman Richard , Luginbuhl Adam , Heffelfinger Ryan , Sweeny Larissa , Wax Mark K. , Curry Joseph M. 
Published: October 2020

Objectives/HypothesisThe literature on outcomes of end‐to‐side (ETS) anastomoses for microvascular reconstruction of the head and neck is limited. This series reviews ETS in free tissue transfer (FTT) across multiple institutions to better understand their usage and associated outcomes.Study DesignRetrospective review of 2482 consecutive patients across three tertiary institutions.MethodsAdult patients (> 18) who received a FTT from 2006 to 2019 were included.ResultsTwo hundred and twenty‐one FTT were identified as requiring at least one ETS anastomosis. These ETS cases had a failure rate of 11.2% in comparison to 3.8% in a cohort of end‐to‐end (ETE) cases (P < .001). ETS cases were significantly more likely to have a prior neck dissection (P < .001), suggesting the ETS method was utilized in select circumstances. A second ETS anastomosis improved survival of the FTT (P = .006), as did utilization of a coupler over suture (P = .002). Failure due to venous thrombosis was significantly more common with one ETS anastomosis instead of two ETS anastomoses (P = .042).ConclusionsETS is effective but is often used as a secondary technique when ETE is not feasible; as such, in this series, ETS was associated with higher failure. A second anastomosis and the use of the coupler for completing the anastomoses were associated with lower rates of failure.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:1286–1290, 2021