bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of the Frequency-Following Response to Speech in Neonates and Potential Applicability in Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review
Authors: Richard Céline , Neel Mary Lauren , Jeanvoine Arnaud , Connell Sharon Mc , Gehred Alison , Maitre Nathalie L. 
Published: May 2020

PurposeWe sought to critically analyze and evaluate published evidence regarding feasibility and clinical potential for predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes of the frequency-following responses (FFRs) to speech recordings in neonates (birth to 28 days).MethodA systematic search of MeSH terms in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied HealthLiterature, Embase, Google Scholar, Ovid Medline (R) and E-Pub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily, Web of Science, SCOPUS, COCHRANE Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed. Manual review of all items identified in the search was performed by two independent reviewers. Articles were evaluated based on the level of methodological quality and evidence according to the RTI item bank.ResultsSeven articles met inclusion criteria. None of the included studies reported neurodevelopmental outcomes past 3 months of age. Quality of the evidence ranged from moderate to high. Protocol variations were frequent.ConclusionsBased on this systematic review, the FFR to speech can capture both temporal and spectral acoustic features in neonates. It can accurately be recorded in a fast and easy manner at the infant's bedside. However, at this time, further studies are needed to identify and validate which FFR features could be incorporated as an addition to standard evaluation of infant sound processing evaluation in subcortico-cortical networks. This review identifies the need for further research focused on identifying specific features of the neonatal FFRs, those with predictive value for early childhood outcomes to help guide targeted early speech and hearing interventions.
Digital LDO regulator with analogue‐assisted loop using source follower
Authors: Kim E. , Kim C. 
Published: May 2020

A digital low‐dropout regulator (DLDO) with an analogue‐assist (AA) loop using a source follower has been proposed to improve the drawbacks of the DLDO. The proposed AA loop, which uses a source follower structure to generate the compensation current without additional passive components, mitigates the voltage droop and accelerates the transient response by complementing a slow digital control loop. Additionally, the boost loop enhances the deceleration of the compensation speed owing to the size of the power transistors. This ultimately results in the improvement of the transient response to the voltage droop side. Also, this can facilitate in reducing the amount of the output capacitance (COUT) closely associated with the output voltage droop (ΔVOUT). The proposed DLDO occupying an area of 0.015 mm2 is designed in a 28‐nm CMOS process. The ΔTs of 14 ns with COUT of 10 pF is achieved under the load step of 1.5–30 mA with edge time of 2 ns. The consumed quiescent current is 35 μA, and the figure‐of‐merit of 0.008 ps is achieved.
Generalised analysis of the high‐voltage‐gain interleaved ZVS boost‐flyback converter
Authors: Gonçalves Pedro José Faure , Agostini Eloi 
Published: May 2020

This study proposes the generalised analysis of the interleaved zero‐voltage‐switching (ZVS) boost‐flyback converter containing a number k of interleaving cells. The analysis provides a general description of the energy transfer process of the circuit and yields a systematic approach for the adequate converter design. The effect of the leakage inductance on the voltage gain is verified in detail, enabling the designer to deal with the trade‐off between high step‐up operation and soft‐switching occurrence. In addition, the conditions to guarantee ZVS for all switches are investigated, providing the basis for the adequate choice of the auxiliary switching capacitance and dead time. Experimental results obtained from the testing of a 500 W, 100 kHz, 96.9% peak efficiency prototype validate the analysis carried out and the proposed design procedure for the converter.
Analysis and design of defected ground structure for EMC improvement in mixed‐signal transceiver modules
Authors: Heidari Salomeh , Masoumi Nasser , Rashed Mohassel Jalil , Karimian Noushin , Safavi‐Naeini Safieddin 
Published: May 2020

In this research, the return path discontinuity (RPD), located under the power amplifier (PA) substrate, of X‐band transceiver module (Base), mounted on a four‐layer printed circuit board (PCB), is investigated to improve the signal integrity by reducing the difference in the reference potential. This study is performed by initially employing the wirebond method, through the assessment of both numbers and sizes of bondwires by advanced design system (ADS). Six bondwires of 25 µm are added, producing an improvement of 6.82 dB for the reflection coefficient and 1.19 dB for the isolation and insertion loss. For further improvement, spiral shape defected ground structure (DGS) is implemented in the inner ground layer (layer 2) without using bond wires. The DGS simulation results illustrate an improvement of 3 dB for S11 and 0.6 dB for S12. To improve the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), the authors propose combination and integration of both wirebond and DGS methods, called wirebond–DGS method, which results in an improvement of 11.86 dB for S11, 1.34 dB for S12 and S21, and 12.03 dB for S22. Finally, the wirebond–DGS RF module was fabricated and the measurement results exhibit an improvement of 8.07 dB for S11 and 9.39 dB for S22 in comparison with the fabricated Base module. In addition, 0.53 dB improvement for both S12 and S21 is also achieved.
Das Komplementsystem: von den Grundlagen zur klinischen Bedeutung
Authors: Schröder-Braunstein Jutta , Kirschfink Michael 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungAls Teil der unspezifischen Abwehr ist das Komplementsystem jederzeit verfügbar und somit bereits in der Frühphase von Infektionen von unschätzbarem Wert, bevor nach Bereitstellung spezifischer Antikörper und T-Zellen das adaptive Immunsystem zielgerichtet seine volle Wirkung entfaltet. Aufgrund seiner Rolle in der Pathophysiologie verschiedener Krankheitsbilder besitzt das Komplement eine besondere Bedeutung für die Klinik. Sowohl für die Aufklärung von Komplementdefekten und -fehlregulationen als auch zur Früherkennung lebensbedrohlicher Prozesse, wie z. B. der Entwicklung eines Multiorganversagens nach schwerem Trauma, Verbrennungen oder Sepsis sowie zur Einschätzung der Wirksamkeit neuer Therapieansätze, ist eine moderne Komplementdiagnostik heutzutage unabdingbar. Mit diesem Übersichtsartikel wollen wir einen Bogen spannen von den Grundlagen des Komplementsystems über dessen klinische Relevanz und diagnostische Maßnahmen bis hin zu aktuellen Möglichkeiten einer zielgerichteten Therapie.
Lebensmittel-bezogene Verhältnisprävention von Adipositas und nichtübertragbaren Krankheiten – der politische Prozess in Deutschland
Authors: Gerlach Stefanie 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Der Artikel beschreibt den politischen Prozess der Etablierung der Nationalen Reduktions- und Innovationsstrategie für Zucker, Fette und Salz in Fertigprodukten und eines verbesserten Nährwertkennzeichnungssystems in Deutschland, mit Fokus auf dem Beitrag und der Rolle von Wissenschafts- und Gesundheitsorganisationen.
Methodik Narrativ.
Ergebnisse Vom Bundesministerium für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung (BMEL) eingeladen, als Berater den Prozess der Etablierung der nationalen Reduktions- und Innovationsstrategie für Zucker, Fette und Salz in Fertigprodukten sowie einer verbesserten Nährwertkennzeichnung zu begleiten, konnten Wissenschafts- und Gesundheitsorganisationen den politisch vorgegebenen, freiwilligen Ansatz nicht verhindern. Ihre konzertierte und öffentlichkeitswirksame Kommunikation beeinflusste die öffentliche Meinung jedoch stark und unterstützte den Durchbruch des Nutri-Score in Deutschland.
Schlussfolgerungen Wollen Wissenschafts- und Gesundheitsorganisationen evidenzbasierte Strategien politisch umgesetzt sehen, reichen Forschung und Sachkenntnis nicht aus. Es bedarf des Aufbaus einer gesellschaftlichen Dynamik mittels einer nachhaltigen und strategischen „Lobby pro Gesundheit“, um über die Modifikation des öffentlichen Diskurses die Politik zu beeinflussen.
Aus der Frühzeit der Ästhetischen Chirurgie: Eugen Holländer (1867–1932) und Erich Lexer (1867–1937) als Face-Lift-Pioniere
Authors: Locher Wolfgang G. , Feinendegen Dominik L. 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung und Hintergrund Der Wunsch der Menschen nach besserem Aussehen zieht sich durch die gesamte Geschichte und erreichte Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts auch die Plastische Chirurgie. Insbesondere ging es dabei um die Facelift-Chirurgie und die beiden deutschen Pioniere in diesem Feld: Eugen Holländer und Erich Lexer.
Ziel der Arbeit Bei der Entwicklung der Facelift-Techniken wirkten die beiden Chirurgen Eugen Holländer und Erich Lexer entscheidend mit. Die Arbeit untersucht wie sich diese beiden Chirurgen mit dem Thema beschäftigten und welche Erkenntnisse sich daraus für die weitere Entwicklung der Facelift-Chirurgie ergaben.
Methodik Anhand der alten Fachliteratur und Kongresszitaten werden die Lebensläufe von Eugen Holländer sowie Erich Lexer dargestellt, sowie ihre beruflichen Karrieren und ihre für die Facelift-Chirurgie entscheidenden Pionierarbeiten und Unterschiede dargestellt.
Schlussfolgerung Sowohl Eugen Holländer als auch Erich Lexer führten unabhängig voneinander die ersten Facelifts in Deutschland durch (Eugen Holländer 1901). Dabei unterschieden Sie sich klar durch das operative Vorgehen. Im Gegensatz zu Holländer, der lediglich Hautresektionen zur verbesserten Gesichtsspannung durchführte, unterminierte Lexer die Haut auf mehrere Zentimeter. Auch bei der Naht-Technik unterschieden sich beide klar voneinander. So führte Lexer bereits tiefgreifende die Fascia temporalis superficialis miteinbeziehende Nähte zur langfristigen Spannungsentlastung durch. Lexer gilt somit zurecht als der eigentliche Pionier der modernen Faceliftchirurgie.
Morphometric Study of Uncinate Process of Cervical Vertebra and Its Surgical Importance
Authors: P. Durga , R. Dakshayani K. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction Uncinate process is a projection on the posterolateral margins of the superior surface of the body of cervical vertebra. They are involved in uncovertabral (Luschka’s) joints, with intervertebral foramen in between, which is related to the vertebral artery and spinal nerve roots. Osteophytes of uncinate process cause narrowing of intervertebral foramen, resulting in cervical spondylotic radiopathy.
Objectives To measure the morphometric parameters of the uncinate process of cervical vertebra. To classify cervical vertebra on the basis of the encroachment of uncinate process on the adjacent intervertebral foramen.
Materials and Methods 100 dry cervical vertebrae were obtained from regions in and around Mysore, Karnataka, India. Measurements were taken using digital Vernier callipers.
Results Mean average values of the parameters are: width–3.389 ± 0.83 mm (right), 3.389 ± 0.86 mm (left); length–10.42 ± 1.46 mm (right), 10.64 ± 1.88 mm (left); height- 5.32 ± 1.36 mm (right), 5.21 ± 1.16 mm (left). Classification of uncinate process: Type 1 (no encroachment)–82%; Type 2 (inclined and encroached)–12%; Type 3 (not inclined, but large enough to encroach)–6%
Conclusion Comparing the results of the present study with previous studies in different regions will help the neurosurgeons in determining the boundaries of uncinate process and allow adequate decompression of neural elements, with reduced risk of neurovascular structures during anterior decompression of spine.
Recent Advances in Triarylmethane Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Ling , Lin Xiaoyan , Huang Dayun , Liu Xue , Wu Xiangmei 
Published: May 2020

Triarylmethanes are important molecules in organic chemistry. This review discusses advances in their synthesis summarized in five categories according to the starting materials: (1) benzyl reagents with different leaving groups, such as benzyl alcohols, ethers, esters, phosphates, sulfones, thioethers, sulfonamide, 1,3-dicarbonyls, and ammonium salts; (2) reactions via para- or ortho-quinone methides; (3) arylation of benzyl halides; (4) C–H activation of methylenes; and (5) reactions of aldehydes or N-tosylhydrazones. Triarylmethane derivatives such as 9-arylxanthenones, 9-arylfluorenes, and aryloxepines are also discussed.1	Introduction2	Benzyl Reagents with Leaving Groups3	Quinone Methide Mediated Reactions4	Arylation of Benzyl Halides5	C–H Activation of Methylene6	Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds7	Conclusions
Carotid Revascularization: Current Practice and Future Directions
Authors: Bagley Jacob H. , Priest Ryan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCarotid stenosis is responsible for approximately 15% of ischemic strokes. Carotid revascularization significantly decreases patients' stroke risk. Carotid endarterectomy has first-line therapy for moderate-to-severe carotid stenosis after a series of pivotal randomized controlled trials were published almost 30 years ago. Revascularization with carotid stenting has become a popular and effective alternative in a select subpopulation of patients. We review the current state of the literature regarding revascularization indications, patient selection, advantages of each revascularization approach, timing of intervention, and emerging interventional techniques, such as transcarotid artery revascularization.
Dangerous Extracranial–Intracranial Anastomoses: What the Interventionalist Must Know
Authors: Rinaldo Lorenzo , Brinjikji Waleed 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe extracranial and intracranial circulations are richly interconnected at numerous locations, a functional connectivity which underlies their impressive capacity for adaptive plasticity in the setting of vasoocclusive disease. While evolutionarily beneficial, these connections can also result in inadvertent communication with the intracranial circulation during embolization of extracranial vessels, potentially resulting in stroke or cranial nerve palsy. While these anastomoses are always present to a certain extent, flow through them occurs under predictable circumstances, and thus embolization of the extracranial vasculature can be performed safely when knowledge of functional anatomy is combined with adherence to basic principles. Herein, we will review the anatomy of known extracranial–intracranial anastomoses and strategies for avoidance of unwanted intracranial embolization. We will also review the vascular supply to cranial nerves most at risk during common neurointerventional procedures, as well as blood supply to mucosal structures.
Interventional Management of Head and Neck Tumors
Authors: Kamran Mudassar , Wallace Adam N. , Adewumi Amole 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAdvancements in medical imaging and device technology allow minimal invasive procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of various disorders. For the management of tumors in head and neck region, these image-guided interventions play essential role in the often used multidisciplinary approach. Tissue sampling under ultrasound or computed tomography guidance is generally the first step to reach a pathological diagnosis. For head and neck tumors with high vascularity, embolization using particulate matter, liquid embolic agents, or coils is used to achieve successful tumor resection with minimal blood loss. Hemorrhage related to head and neck tumors can be evaluated and managed with endovascular techniques with minimal morbidity and mortality. Intra-arterial chemotherapy, radiofrequency ablation, and cryotherapy are new techniques for the management of advanced head and neck cancer which may serve as an alternative to achieve locoregional control and survival when curative resection may not be feasible.
Percutaneous Interventional Techniques for Treatment of Spinal Metastases
Authors: Tomasian Anderanik , Jennings Jack W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article details an approach for evaluation as well as minimally invasive percutaneous treatment of spinal metastases focusing on thermal ablation and most recent advances. Safe and effective management of certain subgroups of patients with spinal metastases can be achieved by minimally invasive percutaneous thermal ablation with or without vertebral augmentation. Adjunctive palliative treatment options such as epidural or neuroforaminal corticosteroid and long-acting anesthetic injections may also be performed in patients who have nerve and radicular pain including those who are not candidates for thermal ablation. Thermal protection strategies should be implemented to minimize the risk of neural thermal injury.
Endovascular Stroke Interventions: Procedural Complications and Management
Authors: Elakkad Ahmed , Drocton Gerald , Hui Ferdinand 
Published: May 2020

AbstractEndovascular mechanical thrombectomy has evolved significantly and has become the mainstay and most effective currently available treatment for acute ischemic stroke patients due to large vessel occlusion. Mechanical thrombectomy is presently performed using a stent retriever or stent-like device, an aspiration catheter, or a combination of the two. Much of the literature has focused on the benefits of endovascular mechanical thrombectomy with only limited data about procedural complications and management. Awareness of risk factors and early recognition of these complications can potentially reduce complication rates, improve management, and yield better overall outcomes. In this review, the authors present a description of intraprocedural complications and strategies to prevent and treat these complications.
The Role of Lower Extremity Amputation in Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia
Authors: Kim Tanner I. , Mena Carlos , Sumpio Bauer E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractChronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is a severe form of peripheral artery disease associated with high rates of limb loss. The primary goal of treatment in CLTI is limb salvage via revascularization. Multidisciplinary teams provide improved care for those with CLTI and lead to improved limb salvage rates. Not all patients are candidates for revascularization, and a subset will require major amputation. This article highlights the role of amputations in the management of CLTI, and describes the patients who should be offered primary amputation.
Head and Neck Microsurgeon Practice Patterns and Perceptions Regarding Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis
Authors: Venkatesh Kaushik P. , Ambani Shoshana W. , Arakelians Aris R.L. , Johnson Jonas T. , Solari Mario G. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Patients undergoing head and neck (H&N) microvascular reconstruction comprise a population at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Free flap and VTE thromboprophylaxis may coincide but tend to vary from surgeon to surgeon. This study identifies VTE prophylaxis patterns and perceptions among H&N microsurgeons in the United States.
Methods An online survey on VTE prophylaxis practice patterns and perceptions was emailed to 172 H&N microsurgeons in the United States using an anonymous link.
Results There were 74 respondents (43% response rate). These surgeons completed residencies in otolaryngology (59%), plastic surgery (31%), and oral maxillofacial surgery (7%). Most underwent fellowship training (95%) and have practiced at an academic center (97%) for at least 6 years (58%), performing an average of 42 ± 31 H&N free flap cases per year (range = 1–190). Most adhered to general VTE prophylaxis guidelines (69%) while 11% did not and 20% were unsure. Nearly all surgeons (99%) would provide prophylactic anticoagulation, mostly in the form of subcutaneous heparin (51%) or enoxaparin (44%); 64% additionally used aspirin, while 4% used aspirin alone. The majority of surgeons (68%) reported having postoperative VTE complications, with six surgeons (8%) reporting patient deaths due to pulmonary embolism. A third of the surgeons have encountered VTE prophylaxis-related adverse bleeding events, but most still believe that chemoprophylaxis is important for VTE prevention (92%). While 35% of surgeons were satisfied with their current practice, most would find it helpful to have official prophylactic anticoagulation guidelines specific to H&N free flap cases.
Conclusion The majority of microsurgeons experienced postoperative VTE complications after H&N free flap reconstruction despite the routine use of prophylactic anticoagulation. Though bleeding events are a concern, most surgeons believe chemoprophylaxis is important for VTE prevention and would welcome official guidelines specific to this high-risk population.
A trait-based understanding of wood decomposition by fungi
Authors: Lustenhouwer Nicky , Maynard Daniel S. , Bradford Mark A. , Lindner Daniel L. , Oberle Brad , Zanne Amy E. , Crowther Thomas W. 
Published: May 2020

SignificanceFungi play a key role in the global carbon cycle as the main decomposers of litter and wood. Although current climate models reflect limited functional variation in microbial groups, fungi differ vastly in their decomposing ability. Here, we examine which traits explain fungal-mediated wood decomposition. In a laboratory study of 34 fungal isolates, we found that decomposing ability varies along a spectrum from stress-tolerant, poorly decomposing fungi to fast-growing, competitive fungi that rapidly decompose wood. We observed similar patterns in a 5-y field experiment, in which communities of fast-growing fungi more rapidly decomposed logs in the forest. Finally, we show how linking decomposition rates to known spatial patterns in fungal traits could improve broad-scale predictions of wood decomposition by fungi.
Cycling the city
Authors: Lipovsky Caroline 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUsing articles from two major French newspapers of contrasting ideological viewpoints, this study seeks to explore their representation of cycling the city, and their potential to position readers to view cycling favourably or unfavourably. The analysis, drawing on systemic functional linguistics’appraisalframework, highlights the ways in which readers of bothLe FigaroandLe Mondeare positioned to take a positive view of cycling through their listings of the benefits of cycling or praise of bicycle-sharing systems. Conversely, readers may embrace a negative view through their reading about cycling casualties and safety issues. The analysis also shows that a reader ofLe Mondemight feel more inclined to take up cycling than a reader ofLe Figaro.