bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrodiagnostic characteristics of upper lumbar stenosis: Discrepancy between neurological and structural levels
Authors: Park Jae Hyeon , Chung Sun G. , Kim Keewon 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundRadiculopathies caused by spinal stenosis in the upper lumbar spinal canal (L1/2, L2/3, L3/4) have not been comprehensively investigated.MethodsThis retrospective study reviewed 14 patients from a tertiary hospital outpatient clinic. The inclusion criteria were upper lumbar stenosis seen on MRI and radiculopathies with active denervation confirmed on electromyography. Patients with any other conditions that could explain the clinical or electrophysiological manifestations were excluded.ResultsNeurogenic findings were predominantly observed in L5 or S1 myotomes on electromyography. Abnormal spontaneous activity was observed in distal muscles in all patients and in proximal muscles in eight patients. Axonal involvement was bilateral in 10 patients and unilaterally in 4 patients. MRI showed redundant nerve roots in 13 patients with chronic reinnervation on electromyography.ConclusionsUpper lumbar spinal stenosis usually causes L5 or S1 radiculopathies with diverse patterns. This discrepancy may cause diagnostic confusion.
Acoustic global–local full‐waveform inversion for P‐wave velocity estimation of near‐surface seismic data acquired in Luni, Italy
Authors: Stucchi Eusebio , Pierini Silvio , Tognarelli Andrea , Brunod Jimi 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTIn this work, we describe an experiment concerning global–local full‐waveform inversion, carried out on a P‐wave seismic reflection profile that was acquired at Luni, an archaeological site in Italy. The global full‐waveform inversion makes use of a two‐grid genetic algorithm scheme and recorded refraction and diving waves, to build an initial velocity model of the subsurface. Two important pieces of a priori information which help to better constrain the inversion results are the refraction velocity model and the Dix‐converted semblance velocity field obtained from time processing. A good match between observed and predicted data allows us to use the estimated velocity field as the starting point for a local, gradient‐based full‐waveform inversion that inverts the recorded data (except the surface waves). The final estimated velocity field shows two main discontinuities: one is very shallow and related to the refractor velocity model used and the other corresponds to the strongest reflection event observed in the pre‐stack depth‐migrated section, at a depth of 100 m. The pre‐stack depth‐migrated common image gathers provide evidence of a good horizontal alignment of this reflection, indicating an accurate velocity estimation down to 100 m depth that corresponds to the maximum offset used in the acquisition.
Reconstructing diets and subsistence strategies of the Bronze Age humans from the Central Plains of China: A stable isotopic study on the Nanwa site
Authors: Zhang Guowen , Zhang Jihua , Zhao Lingyi , Tao Dawei , Zhou Yawei , Han Guohe , Richards Michael P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA multicrop agricultural system, including millet, wheat, rice, and soybeans, first emerged in China in the Late Longhang period and is considered to be one of the most important basic foundations underpinning the origin and development of early states in China. However, there is still a lack of studies on the specific subsistence strategies of humans from the Bronze Age, specifically addressing how widespread the multicrop agricultural system was. To explore these questions above, carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis on human bones from the Nanwa site (ca 1720–256 BC & 960–1279 AD) was undertaken to investigate the palaeodiet and subsistence strategies of the Nanwa humans. This paper also reviews the existing stable isotope data of Bronze Age humans on the Central Plains of China.The Nanwa humans from the Erlitou and Yinxu periods have a mean δ13C value of −9.4 ± 0.7‰ and −9.1 ± 0.9‰, suggesting a predominantly C4 diet, probably derived from millet agriculture or domesticated animals fed on millet. Nanwa humans of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty have a relatively low mean δ13C value of −10.5 ± 2.4‰, indicating a consumption of much more C3 foods, likely derived from rice, wheat, soybean, or animals that fed on those plants. A temporal stable isotopic comparison from the Erlitou period to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty on the Central Plains of China shows the majority of the Bronze Age humans have high mean δ13C value (−9.5 ± 1.8‰), suggesting a predominantly C4‐based diet. We infer that millet agriculture was still the primary economy for humans during the Bronze Age. However, there is a relatively large proportion of humans from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty that have decreased δ13C values, indicating a much more C3 foods consumption and diversity diet, presumably derived from a multicrop agricultural system of millet, wheat, rice, and soybean. It is possible that the trend moved from a narrowly focused, mainly millet‐based diet, to a more diverse agricultural system and was triggered by a combination of factors such as climate change, agricultural reform, social stratification, wars, migration, and so on.
The relevance of nutrition to pediatric oncology: A cancer control perspective
Authors: Rogers Paul C. , Barr Ronald D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is indisputable that adequate and appropriate nutrition is fundamental to the health, growth, and development of infants, children, and adolescents, including those with cancer. Nutrition has a role in most of the accepted components of the cancer control spectrum, from prevention through to palliation. The science of nutrigenomics, nutrigenetics, and bioactive foods (phytochemicals), and how nutrition affects cancer biology and cancer treatment, is growing. Nutritional epigenetics is giving us an understanding that there are possible primary prevention strategies for pediatric cancers, especially during conception and pregnancy, which need to be studied. Primary prevention of cancer in adults, such as colorectal cancer, should commence early in childhood, given the long gestation of nutritionally related cancers. Obesity avoidance is definitely a target for both pediatric and adult cancer prevention, commencing in childhood. There is now compelling evidence that the nutritional status of children with cancer, both overweight and underweight, does affect cancer outcomes. This is a potentially modifiable prognostic factor. Consistent longitudinal nutritional assessment of patients from diagnosis through treatment and long‐term follow‐up is required so that interventions can be implemented and evaluated. While improving, there remains a dearth of basic and clinical nutritional research in pediatric oncology. The perspective of evaluating nutrition as a cancer control factor is discussed in this article.
A decade on: Follow‐up findings of indigenous children with bronchiectasis
Authors: McCallum Gabrielle B. , Singleton Rosalyn J. , Redding Gregory J. , Grimwood Keith , Byrnes Catherine A. , Valery Patricia C. , Mobberley Charmaine , Oguoma Victor M. , Eg Kah Peng , Morris Peter S. , Chang Anne B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe sole prospective longitudinal study of children with either chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) or bronchiectasis published in the current era was limited to a single center. We sought to extend this study by evaluating the longer‐term clinical and lung function outcomes and their associated risk factors in Indigenous children of adolescents from Australia, Alaska, and New Zealand who participated in our previous CSLD or bronchiectasis studies during 2004‐2010.MethodsBetween 2015 and 2018, we evaluated 131 out of 180 (72.8%) children of adolescents from the original studies at a single follow‐up visit. We administered standardized questionnaires, reviewed medical records, undertook clinical examinations, performed spirometry, and scored available chest computed tomography scans.ResultsParticipants were seen at a mean age of 12.3 years (standard deviation: 2.6) and a median of 9.0 years (range: 5.0‐13.0) after their original recruitment. With increasing age, rates of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) declined, while lung function was mostly within population norms (median forced expiry volume in one‐second = 90% predicted, interquartile range [IQR]: 81‐105; forced vital capacity [FVC] = 98% predicted, IQR: 85‐114). However, 43 out of 111 (38.7%) reported chronic cough episodes. Their overall global rating judged by symptoms, including ALRI frequency, examination findings, and spirometry was well (20.3%), stable (43.9%), or improved (35.8%). Multivariable regression identified household tobacco exposure and age at first ALRI‐episode as independent risk factors associated with lower FVC% predicted values.ConclusionUnder our clinical care, the respiratory outcomes in late childhood or early adolescence are encouraging for these patient populations at high‐risk of premature mortality. Prospective studies to further inform management throughout the life course into adulthood are now needed.
Adaptive fault tolerant control for a class of uncertain fractional‐order systems based on disturbance observer
Authors: Hou Chuanjing , Liu Xiaoping , Wang Huanqing 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIn this paper, a class of fractional‐order nonlinear systems are considered in the presence of actuator faults. A novel fault tolerant control scheme based on disturbance observer has been presented, where the actuator faults are considered as the system disturbance and can be approximated by the proposed disturbance observer. The developed fault tolerant control guarantees the convergence of the closed‐loop system and the output tracking performance. Finally, a simulation example is presented to verify the effectiveness of the new method.
Source and formulation matter: New insights into phosphorus fertilizer fate and transport in mildly calcareous soils
Authors: Weeks Joseph J. , Hettiarachchi Ganga M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPhosphorus fertilizer use efficiency can be poor in calcareous soils as a result of calcium phosphate precipitation reactions. To avoid crop P deficiency, growers may apply more fertilizer than is agronomically necessary, creating a surplus of P in soil that can erode or leach into nearby waterbodies and promote eutrophication. This study investigated the effects of liquid P fertilizer source, application volume, and co‐application of a gelling agent on P partitioning in two mildly calcareous soils from Kansas. Treatments included phosphoric acid, monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and an 80% MAP/20% APP mixture applied at one total P rate over two concentrations or co‐applied with sodium alginate (AG). Soils were incubated for 4 wk in Petri dishes and then sectioned in concentric rings from the point of application. Anion exchange resin (AER) extractability assessed plant availability and total P determination evaluated diffusion. Sequential extraction and synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy were implemented to probe reaction products and pathways. Incorporation of polyphosphates, co‐application of AG, and dilution with water improved the proportion of P that was AER extractable in the case of monoammonium phosphate from ∼36 to 66, 58, and 65%, respectively. Increased plant availability may be accomplished through a combination of at least two mechanisms: retarded ripening of calcium phosphate minerals into sparingly soluble forms and altered partitioning of P to soil colloids. Understanding the conditions under which these concepts scale to the field could result in increased farm profitability and nutrient use efficiency.
Structural behaviour of optimized cold‐formed steel beams
Authors: Gatheeshgar Perampalam , Poologanathan Keerthan , Gunalan Shanmuganathan , Nagaratnam Brabha , Tsavdaridis Konstantinos Daniel , Ye Jun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCold‐formed steel (CFS) members have been used significantly in light‐gauge steel buildings due to their inherent advantages. Optimizing these CFS members in order to gain enhanced loadbearing capacities will result in economical and efficient building solutions. This research presents the investigation and results of the optimization of CFS members for flexural capacity. The optimization procedure was performed using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method, while the section moment capacity was determined based on the effective width method adopted in EN 1993‐1‐3 (EC3). Theoretical and manufacturing constraints were incorporated while optimizing the CFS cross‐sections. In total, four CFS sections – lipped channel beam (LCB), optimized LCB, folded‐flange and super‐sigma – were considered in the optimization process, including new sections. The section moment capacities of these sections were also obtained through non‐linear finite element (FE) analysis and compared with the EC3‐based, optimized section moment capacities. The results show that, compared with a commercially available LCB with the same amount of material, the new CFS sections possess the highest section moment capacity enhancements (up to 65 %). In addition, the performance of these CFS sections when subjected to shear and web‐crippling actions was also investigated using non‐linear FE analysis.
Scalar neutrino dark matter in U(1)XSSM
Authors: Zhao Shu-Min , Feng Tai-Fu , Zhang Ming-Jie , Yang Jin-Lei , Zhang Hai-Bin , Ning Guo-Zhu 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
U(1)X SSM is the extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) and its local gauge group is SU(3)C× SU(2)L× U(1)Y× U(1)X . To obtain this model, three singlet new Higgs superfields and right-handed neutrinos are added to MSSM. In the framework of U(1)XSSM, we study the Higgs mass and take the lightest CP-even sneutrino as a cold dark matter candidate. For the lightest CP-even sneutrino, the relic density and the cross section for dark matter scattering off nucleon are both researched. In suitable parameter space of the model, the numerical results satisfy the constraints of the relic density and the cross section with the nucleon.
Sprachentwicklung des jungen Kindes
Authors: Bühler D. , Ernst B. , Jenni O. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungEntwicklungsförderung der Sprache, sei es zu Hause, in Institutionen oder in der Sprachtherapie, erfordert die frühe Erfassung der Sprachkompetenz möglichst aller Kinder im Rahmen präventiver Untersuchungen (wie z. B. den kinderärztlichen Vorsorgeuntersuchungen). Der vorliegende Beitrag fasst dasjenige Wissen zusammen, das der Kinderarzt haben muss, um Kinder mit Risiken für Spracherwerbsverzögerungen oder manifesten Störungen der Sprache in der Praxis zuverlässig erkennen zu können. Außerdem werden die wichtigsten Maßnahmen bei Kindern mit sprachlichen Schwierigkeiten erläutert.
Value and limitation of structure-based profilers to characterize developmental and reproductive toxicity potential
Authors: Manganelli Serena , Schilter Benoît , Scholz Gabriele , Benfenati Emilio , Lo Piparo Elena 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe uncertainty regarding the safety of chemicals leaching from food packaging triggers attention. In silico models provide solutions for screening of these chemicals, since many are toxicologically uncharacterized. For hazard assessment, information on developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) is needed. The possibility to apply in silico toxicology to identify and quantify DART alerts was investigated. Open-source models and profilers were applied to 195 packaging chemicals and analogues. An approach based on DART and estrogen receptor (ER) binding profilers and molecular docking was able to identify all except for one chemical with documented DART properties. Twenty percent of the chemicals in the database known to be negative in experimental studies were classified as positive. The scheme was then applied to 121 untested chemicals. Alerts were identified for sixteen of them, five being packaging substances, the others structural analogues. Read-across was then developed to translate alerts into quantitative toxicological values. They can be used to calculate margins of exposure (MoE), the size of which reflects safety concern. The application of this approach appears valuable for hazard characterization of toxicologically untested packaging migrants. It is an alternative to the use of default uncertainty factor (UF) applied to animal chronic toxicity value to handle absence of DART data in hazard characterization.
Anti-inflammatory microenvironment of esophageal adenocarcinomas negatively impacts survival
Authors: Karstens Karl-Frederick , Kempski Jan , Giannou Anastasios D. , Pelczar Penelope , Steglich Babett , Steurer Stefan , Freiwald Eric , Woestemeier Anna , Konczalla Leonie , Tachezy Michael , Reeh Matthias , Bockhorn Maximilian , Perez Daniel , Mann Oliver , Lohse Ansgar W. , Roesch Thomas , Izbicki Jakob R. , Gagliani Nicola , Huber Samuel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objective
Reflux promotes esophageal adenocarcinomas (EACs) creating a chronic inflammatory environment. Survival rates are low due to early local recurrences and distant metastasis. Hence, there is a need for new potential treatment options like immunotherapies.
However, the inflammatory microenvironment in EACs and its impact on patient outcome remain to be fully understood.

Methods
mRNA expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in 39 EAC
patients without neoadjuvant radio-chemotherapy were measured. Data were confirmed using flow cytometric analysis of freshly resected surgical specimens. Inflammatory alterations in premalignant lesions of Barrett’s esophagus were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.

Results
Expression levels of IL22 were reduced in EAC, while expression levels of FOXP3, IL10 and CTLA4 were increased. Flow cytometry demonstrated a strong infiltration of CD4+ T cells with a reduction in CD4+ T cells producing IL-22 or IL-17A. We also observed an increase in CD4+CD127lowFOXP3+ cells producing IL-10. Accumulation of FOXP3+ T cells occurred prior to malignant changes. High expression of IL10 and low expression of IL22 in EAC were associated with reduced overall survival. Moreover, increased expression of IL10, CTLA4 and PD1 in the unaltered esophageal mucosa distant to the EAC was also linked with an unfavorable prognosis.

Conclusion
EAC shows an anti-inflammatory environment, which strongly affects patient survival. The microscopically unaltered peritumoral tissue shows a similar anti-inflammatory pattern indicating an immunological field effect, which might contribute to early local recurrences despite radical resection. These data suggest that using checkpoint inhibitors targeting anti-inflammatory T cells would be a promising therapeutic strategy in EAC.
Epidemiology of Injuries Sustained by Civilians and Local Combatants in Contemporary Armed Conflict: An Appeal for a Shared Trauma Registry Among Humanitarian Actors
Authors: Wild Hannah , Stewart Barclay T. , LeBoa Christopher , Stave Christopher D. , Wren Sherry M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundConflict‐related injuries sustained by civilians and local combatants are poorly described, unlike injuries sustained by US, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and coalition military personnel. An understanding of injury epidemiology in twenty‐first century armed conflict is required to plan humanitarian trauma systems capable of responding to population needs.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of databases (e.g., PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, World Health Organization Catalog, Google Scholar) and grey literature repositories to identify records that described conflict‐related injuries sustained by civilians and local combatants since 2001.ResultsThe search returned 3501 records. 49 reports representing conflicts in 18 countries were included in the analysis and described injuries of 58,578 patients. 79.3% of patients were male, and 34.7% were under age 18 years. Blast injury was the predominant mechanism (50.2%), and extremities were the most common anatomic region of injury (33.5%). The heterogeneity and lack of reporting of data elements prevented pooled analysis and limited the generalizability of the results. For example, data elements including measures of injury severity, resource utilization (ventilator support, transfusion, surgery), and outcomes other than mortality (disability, quality of life measures) were presented by fewer than 25% of reports.ConclusionsData describing the needs of civilians and local combatants injured during conflict are currently inadequate to inform the development of humanitarian trauma systems. To guide system‐wide capacity building and quality improvement, we advocate for a humanitarian trauma registry with a minimum set of data elements.
Short‐ and Long‐Term Outcomes of Right‐Sided Diverticulitis: Over 15 Years of North American Experience
Authors: Zuckerman Jesse , Garfinkle Richard , Vasilevksy Carol‐Ann , Ghitulescu Gabriela , Faria Julio , Morin Nancy , Boutros Marylise 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundRight‐sided colonic diverticulitis represents less than 5% of diverticulitis cases in North America. The purpose of this study was to describe the management and outcomes for patients with a first episode of right‐sided diverticulitis in a North American center.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study, including all patients managed for right‐sided diverticulitis at a single tertiary‐care institution from 2000 to 2017. Patient demographics, disease characteristics, and treatment strategies were described. Short‐ (emergency surgery, operative morbidity, treatment failure) and long‐term (recurrence, elective operation) outcomes were reported. Patients with right‐sided diverticulitis were then compared to a cohort of patients with left‐sided diverticulitis.ResultsSixty‐seven patients were managed for a first episode of right‐sided diverticulitis, three (4.5%) of which were subsequently diagnosed with right‐sided colon cancer; 64 patients therefore formed the population. Mean age was 51.2 ± 17.7 years. Eight patients (12.5%) self‐identified as being Asian. The majority of patients had uncomplicated disease (90.6%); six (9.4%) presented with complicated diverticulitis. Most cases were diagnosed by computed tomography (78.1%), while 17.2% were diagnosed intra‐operatively and 4.7% by pathology. Almost all patients diagnosed by computed tomography were managed nonoperatively. Fifteen patients (23.4%) were managed surgically: ten for suspected appendicitis, three for suspected colon mass, and two for diffuse peritonitis. After a median follow‐up of 74.8 months (IQR 30.2–130.5), only two patients (3.1%) developed recurrent right‐sided diverticulitis. Among patients managed nonoperatively, recurrence was significantly lower in patients with right‐sided diverticulitis relative to left‐sided diverticulitis (4.1% vs. 32.8%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsRight‐sided diverticulitis can be successfully managed nonoperatively with low rates of recurrence. In populations in which this condition is more seldom observed, underlying colon cancers should be considered.