bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sir2 is required for the quiescence-specific condensed three-dimensional chromatin structure of rDNA
Authors: Cucinotta Christine , Dell Rachel , Alavattam Kris , Tsukiyama Toshio 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTQuiescence inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeis a reversible G0crucial for long-term survival under nutrient-deprived conditions. During quiescence, the genome is hypoacetylated and chromatin undergoes significant compaction. However, the 3D structure of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus in this state is not well understood. Here, we report that the rDNA locus in quiescent cells forms a distinct condensed loop-like structure, different from structures observed during the mitotic cell cycle. Deletion ofSIR2disrupts this structure, causing it to collapse into a small dot and resulting in quiescence entry and exit defects. In contrast, Sir2 affects rDNA structure only modestly in G2/M phase. In the absence of Sir2, occupancy of both RNA Polymerase II and histone H3 increase at the rDNA locus during quiescence and through quiescence exit, further indicating gross defects in chromatin structure. Together, these results uncover a previously undescribed rDNA chromatin structure specific to quiescent cells and underscore the importance of Sir2 in facilitating the transition between cellular states.
The multimerization pathway of the glucocorticoid receptor
Authors: Alegre-Martí Andrea , Jiménez-Panizo Alba , Lafuente Agustina L. , Johnson Thomas A. , Montoya-Novoa Inés , Abella Montserrat , Pérez Paloma , Fernández-Recio Juan , Presman Diego M. , Hager Gordon L. , Fuentes-Prior Pablo , Estébanez-Perpiñá Eva 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a leading drug target due to its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive roles. The functional oligomeric conformation of full-length GR (FL-GR), which is key for its biological activity, remains disputed. Here we present a new crystal structure of agonist-bound GR ligand-binding domain (GR-LBD) comprising eight copies of a non-canonical dimer. The biological relevance of this dimer for receptor multimerization in living cells has been verified by studying single-and double-point mutants of FL-GR in fluorescence microscopy (Number & Brightness) and transcriptomic analysis. Self-association of this GR-LBD basic dimer in two mutually exclusive assemblies reveals clues for FL-GR multimerization and activity in cells. We propose a model for the structure of multidomain GR based on our new data and suggest a detailed oligomerization pathway. This model reconciles all currently available structural and functional information and provides a more comprehensive understanding of the rare glucocorticoid resistance disorder (Chrousos syndrome).
Ultrastable and Versatile FoxP3 Ensembles on Microsatellites
Authors: Leng Fangwei , Merino Raquel , Wang Xi , Zhang Wenxiang , Ha Taekjip , Hur Sun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMicrosatellites are essential genomic components increasingly linked to transcriptional regulation. FoxP3, a transcription factor critical for regulatory T cell (Treg) development, recognizes TTTG repeat microsatellites by forming multimers along DNA. However, FoxP3 also binds a broader range of TnG repeats (n=2-5), often at the edges of accessible chromatin regions. This raises questions about how FoxP3 adapts to sequence variability and the potential role of nucleosomes. Using cryo-electron microscopy and single-molecule analyses, we show that FoxP3 assembles into distinct supramolecular structures depending on DNA sequence. This structural plasticity enables FoxP3 to bridge 2-4 DNA duplexes, forming ultrastable structures that coordinate multiple genomic loci. Nucleosomes further facilitate FoxP3 assembly by inducing local DNA bending, creating a nucleus that recruits distal DNA elements through multiway bridging. Our findings thus reveal FoxP3’s unusual ability to shapeshift to accommodate evolutionarily dynamic microsatellites and its potential to reinforce chromatin boundaries and three-dimensional genomic architecture.
Integrative Omics reveals genetic basis and TaMYB7-A1’s function in wheat WUE and drought resilience
Authors: Zhou Yuxin , Wang Hao , Qiao Yunzhou , Zhao Peng , Cao Yuan , Liu Xuemei , Yang Yiman , Lin Xuelei , Xu Shengbao , Dong Baodi , Wang Dongzhi , Xiao Jun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractImproving water use efficiency (WUE) and drought resistance in wheat is critical for ensuring global food security under changing climate conditions. Here, we integrated multi-omic data, including population-scale phenotyping, transcriptomics, and genomics, to dissect the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying WUE and drought resilience in wheat. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) revealed 8,135 SNPs associated with WUE-related traits, identifying 258 conditional and non-conditional QTLs, many of which co-localized with known drought-resistance genes. Pan-transcriptome analysis uncovered tissue-specific expression patterns, core and unique gene functions, and dynamic sub-genomic biases in response to drought. eQTL mapping pinpointed 146,966 regulatory loci, including condition-specific hotspots enriched for genes involved in water regulation, osmoregulation, and photosynthesis. Integration of Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), Summary-data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) and GWAS, eQTLs identified 207 candidate causal genes as key regulators for WUE-related traits in wheat, such as TaMYB7-A1. Functional analyses found that TaMYB7-A1 enhances drought tolerance by promoting root growth, reducing oxidative stress, and improving osmotic regulation, enabling better water access and survival under stress. It also increases photosynthesis efficiency and WUE, boosting yield under drought without compromising performance in well-watered conditions, making it ideal target for breeding. Our findings provide a comprehensive omic framework for understanding the genetic architecture of WUE and drought resistance, offering valuable targets for breeding resilient wheat varieties.
Identification of the
G(3900)
Structure as the
P
-Wave
DD¯*/D¯D*
Resonance
Authors: Lin Zi-Yang , Wang Jun-Zhang , Cheng Jian-Bo , Meng Lu , Zhu Shi-Lin 
Published: December 2024

The BESIII Collaboration recently performed a precise measurement of the e+e−→DD¯ Born cross sections, and confirmed the G(3900) structure reported by and Belle with high significance. We identify the G(3900) as the first P-wave DD¯*/D¯D* molecular resonance. The experimental and theoretical identification of the P-wave dimeson state holds paramount importance in enhancing our comprehension of the nonperturbative QCD and few-body physics. Its existence is firmly established in a unified meson-exchange model that simultaneously depicts the features of the χc1(3872), Zc(3900), and Tcc(3875). This scenario can be directly examined in the e+e−→DD¯*/D¯D* cross section by seeing whether a resonance exists at the threshold. The credibility of the investigations is also ensured by the fact that the P-wave interaction dominantly arises from the well-known long-range pion exchange. Additionally, thanks to the centrifugal barrier, it is easier to form resonances in P-wave than in S-wave. We extensively calculate all systems up to P-wave with various quantum numbers and predict a dense population of the DD¯*/D¯D* and DD* states, where the S-wave DD¯*/D¯D* state with IG(JPC)=0−(1+−), P-wave DD¯*/D¯D* state with IG(JPC)=0+(0−+), and P-wave DD* state with I(JP)=0(0−) are more likely to be observed in experiments.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Economic complexity in Africa: the role of Chinese FDI and trade
Authors: Ajide Folorunsho M. , Osinubi Tolulope T. , Oladipupo Sodiq Abiodun , Soyode Esther Omolade 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
This study aims to examine the effect of Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade on economic complexity in Africa.

Design/methodology/approach
Panel data from 34 African countries between 2003 and 2022 are used. This study analyzes the data using a two-stage least square proposed by Lewbel (2012) and Driscoll and Kraay (1998) estimator based on robust standard errors and panel quantile regression via moments proposed by Machado and Silva (2019).

Findings
The results show that Chinese FDI and trade effectively upgrade economic complexity in Africa. Also, there is an inverted-U-shaped relationship between Chinese trade and economic complexity, thus revealing evidence of the trade Laffer curve.

Originality/value
Despite the intense debate on the Chinese-African economic relationship, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no known study has examined the implications of Chinese FDI and trade on economic complexity in Africa. Therefore, this study fills this lacuna found in the literature and suggests that Chinese FDI and trade are veritable tools for technology diffusion and innovation, which are capable of upgrading economic complexity in Africa. However, the Chinese-African trade relationship should be complemented with sound trade policies for the sustainability of the beneficial effect of Chinese trade on economic complexity in Africa.
Vertical or horizontal? The interaction between frame orientation formats and visual content in tourism short videos
Authors: Li Yong-Quan , Ji Jia-Cheng , Ruan Wen-Qi , Wang Mei-Yu , Zhang Shu-Ning 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate how the frame orientation format and visual content of tourism short videos interact to influence tourists’ travel intention.

Design/methodology/approach
Two scenario-based experiments were designed and conducted through Credamo. The researchers enrolled 187 participants for Study 1 using convenience sampling, measuring the impact of video frame orientation and visual content on travel intention by conducting a two-factor analysis of covariance. Study 2 retested the interaction effect using 237 sample data and conducted bootstrapping to examine the serially mediating effect of imagery fluency and travel inspiration.

Findings
Frame orientation formats and visual content interactively affect the video audience’s travel intention: For site-centric tourism short videos, the horizontal frame orientation format can help inspire audiences’ travel intention; However, for activity-centric tourism short videos, the vertical frame orientation format is more suitable. Imagery fluency and travel inspiration have serially mediated effects in the above interactions.

Practical implications
Destination marketers can use a combination of vertical format and activity-centric content (or horizontal format and site-centric content) to ensure the marketing effectiveness of short videos.

Originality/value
This study explores how frame orientation and visual content interact to influence video audiences’ travel intention. The findings challenge the traditional understanding of frame orientation selection in short videos, provide a meaningful extension of construal-level theory and contribute to the research on visual effects in short tourism videos.
Comorbid diseases in bullous pemphigoid: A population‐based case–control study
Authors: Kim Bo Ri , Lee Kun Hee , Paik Kyungho , Kim Minjae , Bae Jung Min , Choi Chong Won , Youn Sang Woong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most prevalent autoimmune blistering disorder, triggered by autoantibodies targeting hemidesmosome components. It is associated with substantial morbidity and increased mortality. No studies comprehensively evaluate all comorbidities before and after diagnosing patients with BP. We aimed to investigate all BP‐associated comorbid diseases and their patterns of associations. This nationwide population‐based study included 5066 patients with BP and 10 132 controls between 2011 and 2021. We performed an automated mass screening of 546 diagnostic codes to identify BP‐associated comorbidities 5 years before and after BP diagnosis, and analyzed associations patterns of comorbidities. Patients with BP had increased odds of having pressure ulcers, intracerebral hemorrhage, scabies, neuropsychiatric disorders, psoriasis, drug eruption, and acute renal failure before BP diagnosis. After BP diagnosis, they had increased odds pneumonia, sepsis, chronic renal disease, and cardiac arrest. Strong interrelationships were observed between five neuropsychiatric conditions before BP diagnosis and a strong bidirectional association between Alzheimer's dementia and pneumonia after BP diagnosis. This large case–control study of patients with BP thoroughly identified all relevant comorbidities before and after BP diagnosis, highlighting their clinical significance as predisposing and prognostic factors in patients with BP.
Introduction of the Broset Violence Checklist in the emergency department: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mitra Biswadev , Settle Kate , Koolstra Christine , Talarico Carly , Smit De Villiers , Cameron Peter A 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe Broset Violence Checklist (BVC) can stratify the risk of violence and aggression in EDs. The aim of the present study was to report the initial uptake of introducing this checklist and associations with unplanned alerts to potential or actual violence in two EDs.MethodsThe BVC was recommended in all patient care episodes. This retrospective review included routinely collected data from an adult tertiary referral hospital and a suburban mixed paediatric and adult ED over a 12‐month period. The primary outcome variable was completion of at least one BVC score and the secondary outcome was unplanned alerts to potential or actual violence episodes within the EDs.ResultsThere were 121 330 presentations, of which 108 274 were included in the present study. The BVC was completed for 42 675 (39.4%) presentations. Using a cut‐off score of 3, BVC had a specificity of 99.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 99.1–99.2) and a sensitivity of 15.6% (95% CI 12.5–19.3) for unplanned alerts to potential or actual violence events. Completion of a BVC was independently associated with more unplanned alerts to potential or actual violence events (adjusted odds ratio 1.37; 95% CI 1.12–1.66).ConclusionsThe BVC was highly specific for violence and aggression but had low sensitivity. Completion of the BVC was associated with more frequent unplanned alerts to potential or actual violence events, suggesting that high‐risk patients might be identified intuitively, without formal scoring. Further exploration of the utility of the BVC in the ED is indicated with a focus on strategies to prevent violence and aggression.
Organellar quality control crosstalk in aging‐related disease: Innovation to pave the way
Authors: Li Yu , Qi Jinxin , Guo Linhong , Jiang Xian , He Gu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOrganellar homeostasis and crosstalks within a cell have emerged as essential regulatory and determining factors for the survival and functions of cells. In response to various stimuli, cells can activate the organellar quality control systems (QCS) to maintain homeostasis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that dysfunction of QCS can lead to various aging‐related diseases such as neurodegenerative, pulmonary, cardiometabolic diseases and cancers. However, the interplay between QCS and their potential role in these diseases are poorly understood. In this review, we present an overview of the current findings of QCS and their crosstalk, encompassing mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, peroxisomes, lipid droplets, and lysosomes as well as the aberrant interplays among these organelles that contributes to the onset and progression of aging‐related disorders. Furthermore, potential therapeutic approaches based on these quality control interactions are discussed. Our perspectives can enhance insights into the regulatory networks underlying QCS and the pathology of aging and aging‐related diseases, which may pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic targets.
The Effect of Using Perioperative Platelet‐Rich Plasma on Wound Healing Rate and Prevention of Salivary Fistula Formation in Patients Undergoing Partial Parotidectomy
Authors: Kul Selim , Toros Sema Zer , Becerik Çağrı , Şeneldir Lütfü , Aksaray Sebahat 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study aims to examine the effects of autologous platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), which increases new connective tissue synthesis and revascularisation, on healing in parotid surgery wounds, prevention of salivary fistula formation, drain removal time and hospitalisation in the postoperative period.Materials and MethodsFifty‐four patients who had an operation on partial parotidectomy were randomised, and then two groups were created. PRP was obtained by centrifuging the blood taken from the patients in the study group at the end of the surgery. This obtained PRP was injected into the surgical site, and then the wound flap was closed by suturing. Patients were evaluated for parameters such as the development of salivary fistula, duration of drain removal, discharge time and all other complications during the postoperative 4 weeks.ResultsDrain removal and discharge times of the PRP group cases were statistically shorter than those in the control group. The rate of development of a salivary fistula was remarkably high in the control group, but it was not statistically significant. A statistically significant correlation was found between the location of the compared tumour, the volume of material removed and the incidence of all complications.ConclusionsPRP reduced the duration of drain removal and discharge times for those who had an operation on partial parotidectomy. Thus, the decreased discharge time provides both reduced health costs and reduced risk of developing nosocomial infections. Although it was not statistically significant, a significant difference was observed in the rates of salivary fistula development.
Is there a link between per capita alcohol consumption and cancer mortality?
Authors: Dadgar Iman , Norström Thor , Ramstedt Mats 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionA growing body of evidence has established alcohol consumption as a causative factor in an increasing array of cancer types, thereby positioning it as a leading global risk factor for cancer. Surprisingly, there is a scarcity of studies examining the extent to which shifts in population drinking affect cancer mortality, despite the substantial public health implications. This paper aims to: (i) estimate the impact of changes in per capita alcohol consumption on both overall cancer mortality rates and specific types of alcohol‐related cancer; and (ii) assess whether the association between cancer and population alcohol consumption is influenced by a country's drinking patterns.MethodsWe used time‐series data for 19 high‐income countries spanning the period 1960–2018. Cigarette sales and GDP per capita were included as control variables. The data were analysed using first‐difference modelling. The World Health Organization drinking patterns score was used to evaluate a country's drinking pattern.ResultsOur findings revealed that a 1 L per capita increase in alcohol consumption was associated with a 0.9% rise in total cancer mortality among women and a 1.1% increase among men. Notably, among men, the association was more pronounced for cancers with strong evidence of alcohol's effect and for prostate cancer. For women, the alcohol effect was statistically significant for breast cancer. Generally, the estimated alcohol effects were elevated in the country group with more harmful drinking patterns.Discussion and ConclusionsOur results indicate that lowering per capita alcohol consumption is likely to reduce cancer mortality.
Community Analysis Reveals Biogeographical Patterns and Biodiversity Shortfalls in Antarctic Tardigrades
Authors: Vecchi Matteo , Brandoli Sara , Trokhymets Vladlen Mykolayovych 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimTardigrades are important members of Antarctic metazoan communities with many endemic species. Major biogeographic patterns of Antarctic fauna have been identified, in particular regarding the zonation across the Gressitt line, dividing Continental and Peninsular Antarctica. Evidences suggest that Antarctic tardigrades follow this zonation too, but this has never been rigorously tested.LocationLimnoterrestrial ecosystems of Antarctica.Time Period1950 to Present.Major Taxa StudiedTardigrades.MethodsRecords of tardigrades from Antarctica were collected and their taxonomy and coordinates harmonised. Alpha and Beta diversity measures were calculated and compared across different Antarctica biogeographic areas, in particular across the Gressitt line. Analyses were repeated at different spatial scales to ensure their robustness.ResultsTardigrades communities are different both in terms of alpha and beta diversity across the Gressitt line. Results were consistent across the analyses at different spatial scales. Taxa richness was higher in the Antarctic Peninsula compared to the Continental Antarctica. Sampling effort had a substantial effect on the measured richness. Despite having a significant effect, Gressitt line side and biogeographic areas explained a low amount of variance.Main ConclusionsThe presence of a different Tardigrade communities composition across the Gressitt line is supported, and a geographical structure is present also at smaller scales. This geographic structuring suggests local endemisms and calls for attention to eventual effects of climate change on tardigrades communities. Faunistic data on Antarctica is still far from being exhaustive and Linnean and Wallacean biodiversity shortfalls are the two most immediate issues to be solved to have a more reliable estimation of the true Antarctic tardigrades biodiversity.
miR‐130a‐3p enhances autophagy through the YY1/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to regulate macrophage polarization and alleviate diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Xi Xiaoting , Wang Xuewei , Ma Jia , Chen Qianbo , Zhang Yuxin , Song Yaxian , Li Yan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes that can lead to poor vision and blindness. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of action of miR‐130a‐3p in DR progression.Materials and MethodsIn this study, we administered a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) to construct a DR mouse model, and induced a human monocyte cell line (THP‐1) to differentiate into M0 macrophages, after which the M0 macrophages were cultured with 30 mM high glucose (HG) as a model of inflammation. The relative gene and protein levels were validated by RT–qPCR and western blotting. Macrophage polarization and retinal damage in the mice were tested using ELISA, MDC staining, immunofluorescence staining, and HE staining.ResultsThe results revealed that the expression of miR‐130a‐3p was low in M1 macrophages, whereas the expression of miR‐130a‐3p was high in M2 macrophages, and the level of miR‐130a‐3p was reduced after HG treatment of macrophages. The overexpression of miR‐130a‐3p attenuated HG‐ or STZ‐induced inflammation, promoted macrophage autophagy, inhibited M1 polarization of macrophages, and attenuated the progression of DR. In addition, YY1 was the downstream target gene of miR‐130a‐3p, and overexpression of miR‐130a‐3p inhibited YY1 expression. However, overexpression of YY1 weakened the effect of miR‐130a‐3p mimic. After further treatment with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activator 740 Y‐P, the effect of YY1 knockdown was weakened, macrophage autophagy was inhibited, and M1 polarization and inflammation were promoted.ConclusionmiR‐130a‐3p inhibited the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway by downregulating YY1 expression, thus facilitating macrophage autophagy, inhibiting M1 polarization and the inflammatory response of macrophages, and finally attenuating the progression of DR. The results of this study provide theoretical support for the use of miR‐130a‐3p as a new target for the treatment of DR.