bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early feeding profiles based on breastfeeding, infant formula and introduction of solid foods
Authors: Amazouz H , Bougas N , de Lauzon-Guillain B , Momas I , Rancière F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
As early feeding practices may be related with allergy at older age, we aimed to investigate infant-feeding profiles in the first year of life and their determinants in the PARIS (Pollution and Asthma Risk: an Infant Study) cohort.

Methods
This study included 3446 infants. Feeding data was collected using standardized questionnaires at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. At each time, we considered 6 variables such as (i) breastfeeding (no, mixed, exclusive), consumption of formula (no, yes): (ii) regular formula, (iii) hypoallergenic, (iv) with pre-/probiotics, or (v) extensively hydrolyzed/soya, as well as (vi) solid foods introduction (no, yes: 0, 1, ≥2 allergenic foods). Children with similar feeding profiles over the first year of life were grouped together using multidimensional longitudinal cluster analysis. Socio-demographic and health determinants of these profiles were examined using multinomial logistic regression models.

Results
Five distinct profiles were identified. Profile 1 (45%) included children mainly fed with regular formula. Children from Profile 2 (27%) were exclusively breastfed during the first 3 months. Children from the other three profiles were moderately breastfed and differed regarding the type of formula consumed: pre-/probiotics for Profile 3 (17%), hypoallergenic for Profile 4 (7%), or extensively hydrolyzed/soya for Profile 5 (4%). Profiles did not seem to differ regarding timing of solid foods introduction, except Profile 5 starting later. Compared to Profile 1, children from Profiles 2 to 5 were more likely to have parental history of allergy and higher family socioeconomic status (SES). Profile 5 appeared to be influenced by early health outcomes such as eczema or food reactions.

Conclusions
We identified different early feeding profiles. Parental history of allergy, SES and early health outcomes seem to be important determinants of these profiles. Associations of these profiles with the development of allergic disease will be studied.

Key messages
These results are important to better understand early-life feeding practices and their contributors. Their possible role in helping to prevent allergic diseases in later life will be further studied.
Breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes of young people
Authors: Dimovski D , Gajic J , Vukajlovic B , Jevtic M , Komlenic A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
One of the World Health Organizations (WHO) global nutrition goals by 2025 is to increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding of infants under six months to at least 50%, which can be achieved only through educating future parents on the importance of breastfeeding. The goal of this research was to establish the current effects of the public health campaigns in raising awareness on breastfeeding by analyzing the opinions of young people towards maternal milk.

Methods
The study was conducted as a prospective study for six months in 2018. and in 2019. 281 people participated (158 female, 123 male) of whom 127 psychology students.The participants had no children, and were aged between 18 and 26.. The survey consisted of socio-demographic questions and the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) with 17 questions. Data processing included methods of descriptive and inferential statistics using the MedCalc program. Values of p &lt; 0,05 were considered statistically significant.

Results
More than one out of two female and almost two out of five male participants recognized milk as a diet optimal for their infant (53% female, 38% male). Over twice as many participants considered maternal milk to be extremely positive in comparison to baby formulas as positive. Only 12% of respondents acknowledged that infants had beneficial effects from breastfeeding throughout their lives.
Since only 12.8% of infants in Serbia are exclusively breastfed (according to the available data), the public health authorities need to take more drastic measures in order to complete the WHO set goal by 2025.

Key messages
Current public health campaigns aren’t showing sufficient effects. Both sexes need to be included in education process about the importance of breastfeeding.
Digital technology interventions to reduce loneliness in adults: a systematic review
Authors: Sarwar Shah S G , Nogueras David , van Woerden Hugo , Kiparoglou Vasiliki 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Loneliness is an emerging public health issue and its burden is increasing in developed countries. Loneliness is associated with social, emotional, physical and mental health issues. Tackling loneliness is important to reduce its adverse impacts on individuals with loneliness and their families. Various digital technology-based interventions are used to tackle loneliness. Assessing the effectiveness of these interventions is important from the health, social care and public health perspectives.

Aim
To undertake a systematic review of published primary research on digital technology interventions to reduce loneliness in adults.

Methods
Databases searched: PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria: empirical research articles involving the application of digital technology interventions for tackling loneliness; participants aged ≥18 years and publication in the English Language from 1 January 2010 to 14 January 2019. Two researchers systematically screened articles and data were extracted from shortlisted articles applying a population, intervention(s), comparator(s) and outcome(s) (PICO) framework.

Results
We selected 14 studies mostly from developed countries such as the US (n = 5) and Sweden (n = 3). We found a wide variation in the sample sizes (range 5-591 participants), participants’ age (range 32-90, average 66.4-82.5 years) and the follow-up measurement period (6 weeks-12 months) in the selected studies. Digital technology interventions tested were Internet-based social activities and networking through video or phone calls (using Skype (n = 6) and Facebook (n = 2)), communicating via emails (n = 2). Most of the studies used the UCLA loneliness scale (n = 9) and reported reductions in loneliness in follow-up measurements compared to baseline measurements.

Conclusions
Digital interventions are associated with reduced loneliness in adults; however, further studies such as clinical trials involving larger sample sizes are needed.

Key messages
Loneliness is associated with social, emotional, physical and mental health problems and the burden of loneliness is increasing, especially in developed countries. Digital technology interventions help in reducing loneliness in adults but further research including clinical trials involving large sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are required.
The Villeneuve renovation program Health Impact Assessment
Authors: Anzivino L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

We conducted a health impact assessment (HIA) on a french urban renovation program in a disadvantaged neighborhood: the Villeneuve, symbol of the architecture of the great ensembles of the 1970s. The ambitions of this new program are opening to the city, simplification of traffic, requalification of the housing stock, creation of living spaces renovation of public facilities enhancement green spaces ... so many challenges to be met for the attractiveness of the territory and its inscription in the heart of the Metropole. The HIA was conducted collaboratively with the services of the city of Grenoble, Echirolles, and the Metropole.
The information used to inform the assessment included profiling the community of the Villeneuve, a comprehensive literature review focussing and semi-structured interviews. Many components of the project were evaluated: access to good quality of green and public spaces; urban design; mobility; access to shops and services and social cohesion.
The HIA shows that the urban renovation program is likely to have a mix of negative and positive impacts on health, mental health, wellbeing and social cohesion. In particular on the living environment, the attractiveness, the perception of the neighborhood, on physical security and sense of security, opening of neighborhoods, mix functionality, opportunity for leisure and sports practices. In addition the program provides an opportunity to specifically target reducing health inequalities in the area.
The HIA working group has co-built 47 recommendations. These recommendations were than hierarchized according to four criteria: political portability - cost- technical feasibility - temporality.
This HIA is a structured approach that allowed the renovation program to be observed with a holistic vision of health around the determinants of health and encouraged partnerships and anticipate health issues as early as possible in the decision-making process of urban programs.

Key messages
The HIA is a structured approach that allows urban projects to be observed with a holistic vision of health around the determinants of health. The HIA encourage partnerships and anticipate health issues as early as possible in the decision-making process of urban programs.
Emotional demands at work and risk of depressive disorder: A nationwide Danish cohort study
Authors: Madsen I E H , Svane-Petersen A C , Framke E , Sørensen J K , Rugulies R 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Studies suggest that high emotional demands at work are associated with increased risk of depression. However, most previous studies have measured emotional demands using self-report and estimates may be inflated due to reporting bias. Furthermore, no study has yet accounted for the potential selection of individuals with increased risk of depressive disorder into occupations with high emotional demands.

Methods
We analyzed data from two separate nationwide register-based Danish cohorts, The Danish Work Life Course Cohort (n = 955,712; person-years=6.99 mill.), and the JEMPAD study (n = 1,680,214; person-years=21.73 mill.). We measured emotional demands annually by job exposure matrices, and depressive disorder using registers on psychiatric hospital treatment. Emotional demands were categorized as quartiles. To account for selection into jobs with high emotional demands, we adjusted for numerous confounders, including health services use before workforce entry, parental socioeconomic position, and psychiatric and somatic diagnoses. The present abstract reports preliminary results based on a subset of the study population used as a development sample (n = 16,163, person-years=168,889). Final results will be available for the conference.

Results
Preliminary findings showed a tendency towards an increased risk of depressive disorder for employees in occupations with the highest level of emotional demands (hazard ratio: 1.20 (95% CI: 0.85-1.69). The association was similar with and without adjustment for confounders and was not explained by selection into occupations with high emotional demands.

Conclusions
If confirmed in analyses of the full study population, our results suggest that high emotional demands at work may be associated with increased risk of depressive disorder, and that this association is explained by neither reporting bias nor a selection of individuals vulnerable to depression into occupations with high emotional demands.

Key messages
Emotional demands may be associated with an increased risk of depressive disorder. Further research is needed to explore the potential for workplace prevention of high emotional demands.
Life style habits of truck drivers in France
Authors: Bourdin V , King G , Josseran L 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
European truck drivers’ (TD) lifestyle behaviors is a topic of great interest but not frequently studied. Unhealthy behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, drug abuse or a lack of physical activity infer a greater risk for cardio-vascular diseases and road accidents. This study aimed at describing life TD habits.

Methods
A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2018 on 4 rest areas with the support of the nonprofit organization “Fondation VINCI Autoroutes pour une Conduite Responsable”. 515 TD were interviewed randomly at 4 highway rest stops. Life habits data were collected and analysis was conducted using univariate statistics.

Results
38.6% (n = 199) declared to be daily smokers, with no significant difference when reported to nationality or age. 24.6% (n = 126) are normal weighted, while 72.4% (n = 373) have a BMI superior to 25. 58.8% (n = 303) of the TD drink alcohol on a regular basis, and 8.5% of them (n = 26) on a daily basis. High blood pressure is significatively associated with alcohol consumption (5.2% vs. 12.9%, p &lt; 0,05) and obesity (19.4 % vs. &lt; 10%, p &lt; 0,001). 2.5% (n = 13) of the TD consume psychoactive drugs, most of them cannabis. As concerns diet: 32.8% (n = 169) consider it as balanced, 32.6% (n = 168) not balanced, and 34,6% can’t qualify it. When TD think their diet is unbalanced, they judge it too fat (75.6%), too sweet (61.9%) or too salty (50.6%).

Conclusions
The most striking results concern TD expectations, since 41.7% of the daily smokers and 5.3% of the alcohol consumers would be interested in help measures to stop. TD with the highest BMI are the most demanding for a diet help. Motorway operators, unions and compagnies should fulfill these expectations, since TD in better health are less frequently involve in road accidents. TD spend a lot of time on rest area and this offers interesting periods of time to develop health education specifically for them.

Key messages
Many truck drivers prove to be daily smokers and/or with excess weight, and/or eating an unbalanced diet. High blood pressure is significatively associated with alcohol consumption and obesity. Expectations are high as concerns help measures to reach healthier behaviors and live a better life.
Sexual harassment at work: Design of a new questionnaire to measure sexual harassment
Authors: Nielsen M B D , Madsen I E H , Clausen T , Skov S S , Kjær S , Kvorning L V , Aldrich P T , Rugulies R , Folker A P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Sexual harassment is a complex phenomenon and our knowledge is hampered by a lack of consensus on the definition and measurement. However, workplaces need reliable instruments that provide a nuanced understanding of sexual harassment and input for action to mitigate negative consequences. The aim of this project is to help workplaces prevent and manage sexual harassment, which include developing a new and comprehensive instrument to monitor sexual harassment (Inventory of Workplace Sexual Harassment). In this abstract, we explain the process of designing the questionnaire.

Methods
The design process follows three steps: (1) Identification of a theoretical and conceptual framework, (2) item development and (3) field testing. First, we identified relevant theoretical and conceptual frameworks, which we discussed with an expert group consisting of researchers and stakeholders (employer and trade unions). Second, we developed items based on expert inputs and previous surveys. We adapted the first version of the questionnaire following a feedback round with the expert group. Third, we will complete field testing in 2019-2020. Field testing encompasses cognitive interviews (n = 15) and in-depth interviews with men and women exposed to sexual harassment to assess clarity and relevance (in 2019), and a pilot study at 15 workplaces to assess prevalence and usability (in 2020).

Results
Based on the theoretical and conceptual model from Fitzgerald et al, we developed a preliminary version, consisting of 22 items that cover three domains: (1) unwanted sexual attention, (2) gender harassment and (2) sexual coercion. The survey draws on questions from SEQ-DoD and Bergen Sexual Harassment Scale. Results from field testing will be available for the conference.

Conclusions
The Inventory of Workplace Sexual Harassment will provide a comprehensive and validated measurement of workplace sexual harassment and will help workplaces prevent and manage sexual harassment.

Key messages
Sexual harassment is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, but our knowledge is hampered by a lack of consensus on the definition and measurement. This study contributes with a new instrument measuring the prevalence of workplace sexual harassment and tools for prevention and management of sexual harassment.
Attitudes of Polish employers towards smoking/e-cigarette use in workplaces
Authors: Balwicki L , Juszczyk G , Dela A , Tyranska-Fobke A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
For many years Poland has been undertaking initiatives aimed at reducing the problem of smoking among citizens. Many educational and legislative activities have been carried out. One of them was introduction of smoking ban in workplaces and other public places in 2010. The aim of the was to look for attitudes of Polish employers towards smoking and e-cigarette use in workplaces.

Methods
The cross-sectional survey was carried out on representative group of 2,501 employers from Poland in July/August 2018. Respondents answered to the original questionnaire with help of Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) method. Questionnaire consisted of 19 questions regarding attitudes towards smoking and e-cigarettes use in their workplaces. Data were analyzed with the help of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis methods. Statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.05.

Results
Only 44.9% employers agree they should not take care for creation conditions for smoking tobacco/e-cigarettes use during working hours. The majority of respondents (53.7%) believe that non-smokers (without going out to smoke) have fewer breaks in their work. In addition, 51.8% of respondents believe that smoking tobacco/e-cigarettes by employees brings economic losses to the company, and 55.0% think that smoking tobacco/e-cigarettes use during work spoils the company’s image. At the same time, as many as 88.5% of respondents indicated that their workplaces did not carry out activities encouraging them to quit in the last two years and 52.8% do not believe in their effectiveness.

Conclusions
Although respondents indicated the negative consequences for their companies because of tobacco smoking/e-cigarettes use by employees, the majority of employers do not take actions to reduce this problem. As big part of them sees also economical and image problems they should be supported in their activity to reduce the tobacco/e-cigarette use among employees.

Key messages
Employers see economical and image problems cause by smoking/e-cigarette using employees. Employers should be supported by public health professionals as they do not believe nor undertake effective activities to reduce tobacco smoking/e-cigarettes use.
Health benefits through prevention: there is still a lot to be gained
Authors: Van Gils P F , Suijkerbuijk A W M , van der Vliet N , Polder J J , de Blaeij A , de Wit G A , Staatsen B 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Introduction
In November 2018, the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports presented the National Prevention Agreement (NPA). Within this NPA, interventions targeting smoking, being overweight and problematic alcohol use were proposed to induce lifestyle changes. In addition to measures aimed at these three themes, there is also a range of interventions that are promising, either because they could be cost saving or cost-effective, or because they have a positive impact on burden of disease. We explored which preventive interventions are promising in the Dutch context and systematically quantified costs, savings and health effects.

Methods
In a literature search via the website kosteneffectviteitvanpreventie.nl we selected interventions that: a) have not yet been introduced in the Netherlands; and b) were promising with respect to effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. All interventions, including health protection and environmental measures, were eligible. We estimated the number of people who are eligible and compliant, costs and possible savings related to the interventions and health effects in terms of DALYs avoided. Interventions were ranked with regard to possible savings and DALYs avoided.

Results
Our exploration shows a number of preventive interventions that are cost saving or cost-effective. These interventions are aimed at anxiety and depression, heart disease, skin cancer, fractures, air quality and road safety. Examples of cost-saving or cost-effective interventions are a food tax on food and drinks with high fat/sugar content, screening an aneurysm of the aorta and fully subsidized sound insulation of homes.

Conclusions
Our study shows that there are much more preventive opportunities than those presented in the NPA. The substantiation of the interventions is often based on foreign research and findings therefore cannot be simply translated to the Netherlands. However, the interventions identified in this study are promising and deserve further consideration.

Key messages
Health gain by environmental measures. Many interventions are not systematically implemented.
Hospitalization patterns of uninsured as base for services and health need assessment
Authors: Ciutan M , Florescu S , Dosius M , Scîntee S G , Vlădescu C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Solidarity is crucial for shifting from centralized to social health insurance model. Uninsured receive at least emergency and basic services free-of-charge. To which extent this policy really covers their health and services needs remains to be assessed.

Methods
DRGNational database (457 hospitals) was interrogated for continuous hospitalization of uninsured, 2014-2018. Use patterns were identified by episodes, LOS, diagnose, admission criterion. Avoidable admissions were assessed according to OECD criteria.

Results
Number of hospital episodes in uninsured varied annually, difference ranging from -13.5 to 6.3%; largest decrease in 2015 possibly due to day surgery implemented in 2014. About 2.5-3% of all episodes and hospitalization days were for uninsured. Use patterns identified: Most common admission criterion: Emergencies (95%) compared to Specific diagnosis&treatment, Births, Potentially endemic/epidemic diseases; Most frequent diagnosis: Emergency around birth,Mental disorders, Respiratory infections; Men 45 years old living in rural areas prevailed significantly; significant gender difference by age (9 years; t-test, p &lt; 0.05); 3% of hospitalizations could be avoided by assistance in prehospital (asthma, COPD, CHF, Diabetes&utation).

Conclusions
The use patterns identified show inequity in access and gaps in policy meant to ensure solidarity in health. Day surgery was inittially beneficial in reducing financial burden, but addressing to prehospital health services continues to be low inducing overload of emergency units. A solution could be higher involvement of other sectors to ensure socio-economic security for all. Free-of-charge emergency hospital services ensure access for life threatening conditions but shortcut pre-hospital and postpone initial visits until non-preventable/-manageable stages.

Key messages
Reconsider services package to increase access for uninsured. Develop bridges between domains able to meet health related needs by intersectorial collaborations: labor, social, economic, health etc. Periodic analyze hospitalizations of uninsured, together with legal framework and sectoral policies to allow an appropriate decisions making and tailored intervention design.