bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polylactic acid-based electrospun fiber and hyaluronic acid-valsartan hydrogel scaffold for chronic wound healing
Authors: Ilomuanya Margaret O. , Okafor Prosper S. , Amajuoyi Joyce N. , Onyejekwe John C. , Okubanjo Omotunde O. , Adeosun Samson O. , Silva Boladale O. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
In this study, the chronic wound healing ability of PLA-based electrospun nanofibers loaded with hyaluronic acid, valsartan, and ascorbic acid is explored. PLA-based scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning, followed by loading the scaffolds with different concentrations of hyaluronic acid, valsartan, and ascorbic acid hydrogels. The produced formulations were characterized by scanning electron microscopy imaging (SEM), tensile strength testing, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). An in vitro drug release study was conducted to monitor the release of valsartan from the different formulations. This was followed by exploring the wound healing effects of the scaffolds in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and comparing the wound healing effects with positive and negative controls.

Results
The average diameter of the fibers was in the range of 300 to 490 nm with high porosity in the range of 63.90 to 79.44%, offering a large surface area-to-volume ratio, enhanced drug solubility, oxygen permeability, and fluid uptake. The presence of valsartan significantly impacted on the re-epithelization rate. Percentage re-epithelization rate was 31.2% ± 1.77% in the absence of treatment. Histologic section of tissue showed skin with underlying loose fibro-collagenous stroma (dermis) containing sebaceous glands and hair follicles for animals treated with VA, VB, VC, and VD. All the scaffolds reduced the number of inflammatory cell infiltrates at the wound site compared to the no treatment and conventionally treated groups. Conventional antibiotic treatment and VD (electrospun biomimetic scaffolds containing ascorbic acid) had % re-epithelization rates of 59.45% ± 1.69% and 62.01% ± 1.68% which were significantly lower than the PLA/HA-valsartan hydrogel scaffolds with VB having the highest % re-epithelization rate of 85.5% ± 1.7% (Figure 4B & 5C).

Conclusion
This study explored the use of biomimetic polylactic acid-based electrospun fiber and HA-valsartan hydrogel scaffold incorporating topical angiotensin receptor blockers to successfully accelerate wound healing. The novel PLA-based electrospun fibers loaded with hyaluronic acid-valsartan hydrogels were stable and possessed proven diabetic wound healing property. This was as a result of the known biomimetic effect of the fibers and increased re-epithelization facilitated by the hydrogels containing valsartan.

Graphical abstract
NAFLD and NASH in Postmenopausal Women: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: DiStefano Johanna K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence in women is increasing worldwide. Women of reproductive age have lower rates of NAFLD compared with men; however, this protection is lost following the menopausal transition when NAFLD prevalence in postmenopausal women becomes similar to or surpasses that in age-matched male counterparts. Ongoing epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies indicate greater NAFLD risk and higher rates of severe hepatic fibrosis in postmenopausal women relative to premenopausal women, and that older women with NAFLD experience greater mortality than men. Investigations involving ovariectomized animal models demonstrate a causal relationship between estrogen deficiency and heightened susceptibility to the development of fatty liver and steatohepatitis, although dietary factors may exacerbate this complex relationship. The accumulated findings suggest that a better understanding of the interplay among menopausal status, metabolic comorbidities, and sex steroids in NAFLD pathogenesis is needed. Further, the mechanisms underlying the difference in NAFLD risk between postmenopausal and premenopausal women remain incompletely understood. The goals of this review are to summarize studies of NAFLD risk in postmenopausal women, discuss results from animal models of estrogen deficiency, and explore the development of NAFD within the context of altered sex hormone profiles resulting from the menopausal transition. Potential implications for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of NAFLD in this relatively understudied cohort are also addressed.
Through the Gate of the Media Luna: Slavery and the Geographies of Legal Status in Colonial Cartagena de Indias
Authors: Silva Campo Ana María 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article examines the fate of people who had escaped slavery in colonial Cartagena de Indias as well as that of their descendants. In the 1690s, colonial military troops captured many individuals of African descent who had long lived as free in the hinterlands and forcibly transported them to Cartagena city. In the aftermath of these military campaigns, some putative owners filed lawsuits claiming that their ancestors had never relinquished ownership claims to the ancestors of freeborn residents of the forests. Since many of the captives had lived in the hinterlands all their lives, strategies such as performing acts of possession over people of African descent were not available to the claimants. This essay shows how some claimants were nonetheless able to obtain rulings that granted them rights of ownership over free Afro-descended people who had been seized and exiled from their home communities in Cartagena province's hinterlands.
“Go Little Book”
Authors: Desmond Marilynn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAmong the twelve modes he describes in An Inquiry into Modes of Existence, Bruno Latour identifies two—the “beings of technology” [TEC] and the “beings of fiction” [FIC]—that aptly depict the nonhuman agency inherent in the production and circulation of the premodern book. This essay offers a survey of the pan-European textual traditions on the matter of Troy as a case study in the history of the book, with the manuscript codex conceived as a crossing between [TEC] and [FIC]. I show that the affordances and ecologies of the codex as a “being of technology” lent it a vitality that allowed the fictional beings of Troy to proliferate in the Middle Ages. I conclude with an examination of the medieval topos of the “book of nature,” which offers a compelling example of the spirituality of technology.
The Angels of Accumulated Suffering
Authors: Noble-Olson Matthew 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This essay reads Walter Benjamin’s description of Paul Klee’s Angelus Novus through Theodor Adorno’s theorization of art’s contradictory sociality. In this analysis, the object that is illustrative of Benjamin’s imagined angel of history takes on the characteristics of that figure as the art object itself in Adorno’s analysis of art’s enforced distance from empirical reality. Just as the angel is forced to observe the wreckage of history from afar, the art object must remain framed within its own socially produced constraints, which protects it from what it observes but also ensures that it may take no action on behalf of the suffering that it expresses. This analysis is then used to consider the possible status of the angel in the moment of contemporaneity, as art embraces sociality and faces a weakened autonomy.
CUPID COVID-19: emergency department attendance by paediatric patients during COVID-19 - project protocol
Authors: McDonnell Thérèse , McAuliffe Eilish , Barrett Michael , Conlon Ciara , Cummins Fergal , Deasy Conor , Hensey Conor , Martin Ciara , Nicholson Emma 
Published: August 2020

Background:Measures introduced to delay the spread of COVID-19 may result in avoidance of emergency departments (EDs) for non-COVID related illness. Clinicians and medical representative bodies such as the Irish Association for Emergency Medicine (IAEM) have expressed concern that some patients may not seek timely urgent medical intervention. Evidence from previous epidemics found that hospital avoidance during outbreaks of MERS and SARS was common. While ED attendance returned to normal following SARS and MERS, both outbreaks lasted 2-3 months. As the COVID-19 pandemic is forecast to extend into 2021, little is known about the impact COVID-19 will have on paediatric attendance at EDs as the pandemic evolves.Aims: This project aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 on paediatric emergency healthcare utilisation, to understand how the health seeking behaviour of parents may have altered due to the pandemic, and to identify how any barriers to accessing care can be removed. Methods: Administrative data records from five EDs across Ireland and one Urgent Care Centre will be analysed to identify temporal trends in attendances for emergency care. Qualitative inquiry will be utilised to capture the experience of staff providing emergency healthcare to paediatric patients during COVID-19, and their feedback on identified trends will inform the interpretation of findings. A cross-sectional survey of parents will capture experiences, concerns and decision-making on accessing healthcare for their children during the pandemic.Results and Conclusion:This information will help decision makers respond rapidly to meet the clinical needs of paediatric patients as the circumstances of the pandemic unfold and reduce the disruption to normal paediatric ED services during the onset of COVID-19. As the health of a child can deteriorate more rapidly than that of an adult, any delay in seeking care for an acutely ill child may have serious consequences.
Uptake of core outcome sets by clinical trialists publishing in major medical journals: Protocol
Authors: Matvienko-Sikar Karen , Avery Kerry , Blazeby Jane , Hughes Karen , Jacobsen Pamela , Kirkham Jamie , Kottner Jan , Mellor Katie , Saldanha Ian , Smith Valerie , Terwee Caroline B. , Williamson Paula R. ,   MRC-NIHR TMRP Outcomes Working Group Core Outcome Set Theme
Published: August 2020

Background: Outcome heterogeneity, selective reporting, and choosing outcomes that do not reflect needs and priorities of stakeholders, limit the examination of health intervention effects, particularly in late phase trials. Core outcome sets (COS) are a proposed solution to these issues. A COS is an agreed-upon, standardised set of outcomes that should be measured and reported as a minimum in all trials in a specific area of health or healthcare. COS are intended to increase standardisation of outcome measurement and reporting to better enable comparisons between, and synthesis of findings of trials in a particular health area. Methods: This study will examine late phase trials, published between October 2019 and March 2020 (inclusive), in the following five medical journals: New England Journal of Medicine, Journal of the American Medical Association, Lancet, BMJ, and Annals of Internal Medicine. Trials will be examined to determine if they refer to a COS, and whether they use a COS. Trialists for each identified trial will subsequently be contacted to complete an online survey examining trialists’ awareness of, and decisions to search for and use a COS. Discussion: This study will provide important information on uptake of COS by later phase trialists in major medical journals, and the views of these trialists on COS use in trials. These findings will inform approaches to increasing awareness and uptake of COS in future health trials.
Modern Problems of “Applied Geometry and Engineering Graphics” Course Teaching For Exploitative Specialties of an Aviation High Educational Institution
Authors: Nazarova Olga 
Published: August 2020

In an aviation high educational institution, when getting students education in exploitative specialties it must be taken into account that it must be conducted in accordance with necessary requirements to the formedness level of professional competences in a specialized area. The planned results of “Applied Geometry and Engineering Graphics” learning include knowledge of methods for applied engineering and geometric problems solving, the ability to use the main elements of applied geometry and engineering graphics in professional activities, and solving of specific applied problems related to geometric modeling.
The results of “Applied Geometry and Engineering Graphics” study are to gain experience and skills for solution of cognitive, organizational and other problems by themselves related to students’ future professional activities.
In this paper are considered the main problems and tasks to be solved to achieve the necessary level for compliance of a student studying in one of the exploitative specialties at the Ulyanovsk Institute of Civil Aviation named after Chief Marshal of Aviation B.P. Bugaev, with professional competencies and modern educational standards. Issues related to the organization of “Applied Geometry and Engineering Graphics” discipline study, such as computerization of the educational process, use of distance learning technologies in the educational process, formation of students’ cognitive interest and spatial imagination.
Has been presented the proposed structure of “Applied Geometry and Engineering Graphics” course for the exploitative specialties of Ulyanovsk Institute of Civil Aviation; the need to develop a task book for classroom and home works, taking into account their applied value for formation of professional competencies, has been justified.
A Wind Tunnel Study of the Seasonal Shelter Efficiency of Deciduous Windbreaks
Authors: Ma Rui , Li Junran , Ma Yanjun , Wei Linyuan , Zhang Yinghua 
Published: August 2020

HighlightsSeasonal leaf shedding is a key factor affecting the airflow field and shelter efficiency of deciduous windbreaks.The wind deceleration region around modeled Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (Russian olive) windbreaks was larger in winter than in summer, but the intensity of the wind speed reduction was relatively low.The shelter efficiency of E. angustifolia windbreaks in winter was not less than 80% of that in summer.Abstract. The shelter efficiency of windbreaks constructed with deciduous plants changes with their phenological stage. We used Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (Russian olive) as an example and investigated the airflow field and shelter efficiency of deciduous windbreaks with summer facies (with leaves) and winter facies (without leaves) by means of scaled wind tunnel simulation experiments. Our study revealed that different canopy seasonal porosities exert different wind speed reductions inside the windbreaks, which also determine the upwind and downwind wind speed variation. The variation in wind speed was greater in summer than in winter. For the windbreak with summer facies, a large wind acceleration region above and before the windbreak and a strong wind deceleration region inside and after the windbreak were observed. The wind deceleration region around the windbreak with winter facies was larger than that in summer, but the intensity of the wind speed reduction was relatively low. The results of our study further show that although E. angustifolia windbreaks are highly porous in winter, the shelter efficiency was not less than 80% of that in summer. Like any wind tunnel study on windbreaks, producing an artificial plant model that is highly similar to the real field plant is difficult. Nevertheless, our results clearly revealed the wind reduction patterns of deciduous windbreaks due to seasonal porosity caused by leaf shedding, which may provide valuable data for assessing the shelter efficiency of deciduous windbreaks. Keywords: Airflow field, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Seasonal porosity, Wind reduction.
Active demultiplexer enabled mmW ARoF transmission of directly modulated 64-QAM UF-OFDM signals
Authors: Ahmad Syed Tajammul , Lakshmijayasimha Prajwal D. , Browning Colm , Anandarajah Prince M. , Delmade Amol , Barry Liam P. , Kaszubowska-Anandarajah Aleksandra 
Published: August 2020

In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate an unamplified analog RoF distribution of 60 GHz 5G signals. The system entails the heterodyning of two optical tones from an externally injected gain switched laser (EI-GSL) based optical frequency comb to generate a millimeter wave (mmW) signal. A fixed frequency separation and a high level of phase correlation, between the EI-GSL comb lines, results in the generation of a high-quality signal. An active demultiplexer is used to filter and amplify two comb tones, thus alleviating the need for an external optical amplifier to boost the low power comb tones. Furthermore, the same demultiplexer is also used to modulate one of the tones with a 64-QAM UF-OFDM signal. Such an approach enables the remote generation of a mmW downlink data signal as well as an unmodulated RF carrier that could be used to downconvert the mmW signals to an intermediate frequency. Using the abovementioned scheme, we demonstrate the distribution of the downlink signal over 25 km of fiber, achieving a BER of

2.4

e

−
3

(below the HD-FEC limit of

3.8

e

−
3

) and only a 0.5 dB penalty at the FEC limit in comparison to the BtB case.
Negative refraction in terbium at ultraviolet frequencies
Authors: Buckholtz Zachary N. , Yavuz Deniz D. 
Published: August 2020

One of the key challenges in the development of negative index metamaterials is creating a sufficiently strong magnetic response in the material. Rare-earth ions can contain a strong optical magnetic response even in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, which can be enhanced using magneto-electric cross-coupling. Using energies, transition strengths, and linewidths from atomic structure software, along with realistic inhomogeneous broadenings and densities in a solid, we simulate a negative index scheme using a terbium crystal at a wavelength of 282 nm.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE ECOLOGY OF THE CORAL REEF OF POMBO ISLAND
Authors: Sumadhiharga Ono Kurnaen 
Published: August 2020

A preliminary study on the ecology of the coral reef of Pombo Island was carried out in 1975. Pombo Island has a characteristic of an atoll and is considered a good habitat for coral and fish, including live-bait fish of commercial importance, Spratelloides delicatulus. Non-planktonic organisms collected consist of 39 species of corals, 56 species of molluscs, 17 species of echinoderms, 130 species of fishes and a number of crustacean species.Some ecological factors such as bottom condition, turbidity, temperatures, light intensity, and freshwater dilution are described. Population and distribution of corals and coral fishes are discussed.
HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN SOME SEAFOODS COLLECTED FROM MUARA ANGKE FISH AUCTION PLACE, JAKARTA.
Authors: Hutagalung Horas , Syamsu Suwirma 
Published: August 2020

Determination of heavy metal content (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn) in some seafoods collected from Muara Angke Fish Auction Place were carried out during February to July 1979. The results showed that Zn content in seafoods a nalyzed was always much higher than the other heavy metals. The concentration levels of the six heavy metals observed were low. It is almost of the same level as the metal concentration of other seafoods observed in various parts of the world oceans, but still lower than the maximum standard set for human consumption as established by Tasmania, Australia and World Health Organization. The mean per capita consumption of fish in Jakarta is only about 165 g per week, while the Provisional Tolerated Weekly Intake for Hg, set by WHO/FAO at 300 ug level, would be attained by consuming 1500 g Rastrelliger sp., or 698 gPenaeus setiferus, or 545 g Sepia sp., and or 1250 g Pecten sp. Therefore, at present the level of metal content in fishes sold at TPI Muara Angke can be considered as not dangerous to human health as long as these quantities are not surpassed.
Desarrollo del lenguaje y la discursividad en la formación inicial en matemáticas en estudiantes sordos
Authors: Calderón Dora Inés , León Corredor Olga Lucía , Orjuela Manuel 
Published: August 2020

Este artículo presenta la propuesta didáctica para desarrollar la discursividad en estudiantes sordos de niveles iniciales de educación básica de matemáticas. La propuesta se realizó con la metodología de ingeniería didáctica, para el desarrollo de competencia comunicativa en matemáticas en niños sordos. La experiencia de observación de las aulas de niños sordos ratificó y reclamó una práctica pedagógica que reconozca el papel que juegan el lenguaje en general y las lenguas en particular en el desarrollo sociocultural, cognitivo y afectivo de los sujetos; es decir, en sus procesos de enculturación (Oléron, 1985; Rogoff,1993; Vigotsky, 1982). Complementariamente, establecimos que el carácter discursivo de la lengua está inscrito en cualquier lengua (oral o de señas); por ello, los elementos que presentamos se convierten en un marco explicativo para el desarrollo tanto de la lengua de señas (LS) como de la lengua oral. Proponemos que el desarrollo del lenguaje a través de las lenguas y su discursividad implica, en primera instancia, la evolución de la lengua natural (lengua primera) y la apropiación y el uso de las reglas de producción sintáctica, semántica y pragmática de los discursos y de los registros y de las lógicas socioculturales de las interacciones, desde un punto de vista polifónico y dialógico (Bajtín, 1982; Calderón, 2010). Identificamos en el campo las matemáticas escolares, tanto para los estudiantes como para los profesores, modos discursivos propios del aula (Calderón, 2010). Concluimos que el desempeño sociocultural del estudiante sordo en matemáticas exige: competencias para la lectura, la escritura, la oralidad y la escucha, en contextos académicos; aumentar el repertorio léxico relacionado con la matemática escolar; aprender y diferenciar la producción de narrativas, explicaciones, justificaciones, etc. acerca de lo matemático.
“Cuidaniños”, intruso, mandadero: representaciones de la práctica de formación profesional
Authors: Baquero Pedro , Villa Wilmer 
Published: August 2020

El p resente artículo es producto de la investigación “Representaciones de la práctica de formación profesional”. La investigación se ocupa del análisis de las representaciones sobre la práctica pedagógica o práctica docente, a partir del estudio de caso múltiple en cuatro programas de formación de licenciados en Educación, de la Universidad Distrital. El corpus analizado corresponde a formularios de encuesta, entrevistas semiestructuradas, narrativas y artefactos recogidos entre practicantes y profesores de práctica. Los datos se procesaron mediante técnicas de análisis de contenido y matrices semánticas.El cometido es, de una parte, hacer visible lo que sienten y piensan los profesores en formación y sus asesores respecto de ese momento crucial de su trayectoria formativa que constituyen las prácticas docentes o prácticas pedagógicas; y de otra, volver la mirada sobre el orden institucional y político de los discursos y acciones que movilizan desde la universidad y la escuela las pretensiones formativas de los programas académicos.
La inferencia en la comprensión de textos expositivos de ciencias sociales
Authors: Sánchez José Martín , Morales Cabezas Jerónimo 
Published: August 2020

La comprensión lectora, por distintas razones, es escasamente considerada en las aulas escolares españolas. Un buen ejemplo de ello son los bajos resultados del alumnado español reportados por los diferentes estudios internacionales en este aspecto. El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer una investigación que muestra cómo, fortaleciendo una serie de conocimientos y estrategias (inferencias) que en anteriores estudios han demostrado ser fundamentales en el desarrollo de la comprensión lectora, es posible mejorar esta habilidad en un grupo de estudiantes de 1.º de educación secundaria (12-13 años) dentro del aula de ciencias sociales, y mediante la utilización de textos expositivos extraídos de su propio libro de la asignatura.