bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information, communication, and cancer patients’ trust in the physician: what challenges do we have to face in an era of precision cancer medicine?
Authors: Pichler Theresia , Rohrmoser Amy , Letsch Anne , Westphalen C. Benedikt , Keilholz Ulrich , Heinemann Volker , Lamping Mario , Jost Philipp J. , Riedmann Kristina , Herschbach Peter , Goerling Ute 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Despite promising achievements in precision cancer medicine (PCM), participating patients are still faced with manifold uncertainties, especially regarding a potential treatment benefit of molecular diagnostics (MD). Hence, MD poses considerable challenges for patient information and communication. To meet these challenges, healthcare professionals need to gain deeper insight into patients’ subjective experiences. Therefore, this qualitative study examined information aspects of MD programs in cancer patients.

Methods
In two German Comprehensive Cancer Centers, 30 cancer patients undergoing MD participated in semi-structured interviews on information transfer and information needs regarding MD. Additionally, patients provided sociodemographic and medical data and indicated their subjective level of information (visual analogue scale, VAS, 0–10).

Results
On average patients had high levels of information (mean = 7, median = 8); nevertheless 20% (n = 6) showed an information level below 5 points. Qualitative analysis revealed that patients show limited understanding of the complex background of MD and have uncertainties regarding their personal benefit. Further, patients described unmet information needs. Existential threat in awaiting the results was experienced as burdensome. To withstand the strains of their situation, patients emphasized the importance of trusting their physician.

Conclusion
The challenges in PCM consist in providing unambiguous information, especially concerning treatment benefit, and providing guidance and support. Therefore, psycho-oncology needs to develop guidelines for adequate patient communication in order to help healthcare providers and cancer patients to handle these challenges in the developing field of PCM.
Consideration of sense of coherence in a structured communication approach with stage IV lung cancer patients and their informal caregivers: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Krug Katja , Bossert Jasmin , Stooß Lydia , Siegle Anja , Villalobos Matthias , Hagelskamp Laura , Jung Corinna , Thomas Michael , Wensing Michel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective
Salutogenetic aspects are valuable for consideration in patient-centred care of advanced oncological diseases with a limited life expectancy. The Milestone Communication Approach (MCA), involving physician-nurse tandems, addresses specific challenges and needs over the disease trajectory of patients with stage IV lung cancer and their informal caregivers. This study aims to explore patients’ and informal caregivers’ salutogenetic experiences with the MCA concept.

Methods
This qualitative study used face-to-face semi-structured interviews with patients and informal caregivers. All generated data were audio-recorded, pseudonymised and transcribed verbatim. Data were structured using Qualitative Content Analysis. The material was coded deductively into themes related to the components of sense of coherence (Aaron Antonovsky) and emerging sub-themes. All data was managed and organised in MAXQDA.

Results
In 25 interviews, sense of coherence was referred to with all three components: “Comprehensibility” was supported by information conveyed suitably for the patients; “meaningfulness” was addressed as accepting the situation; and “manageability” led to advance care planning the patients were comfortable with. Patients and informal caregivers experienced the interprofessional tandem as an added value for patient care.

Conclusions
Participants appreciate the MCA in its support for coping with a life-limiting disease. Considering salutogenetic aspects facilitates prognostic awareness and advance care planning. Nevertheless, individual needs of patients and informal caregivers require an individualised application of the MCA.
Methylphenidate treatment of adult ADHD patients improves the degree of ADHD severity under routine conditions
Authors: Retz Wolfgang , Rösler Michael , Fischer Roland , Ose Claudia , Ammer Richard 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with substantial personal and social impairments. Besides psychosocial interventions, current guidelines recommend a therapy with methylphenidate (MPH). This prospective, non-interventional study aims to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of MPH treatment of adult ADHD patients in a real-world setting. 468 adult patients with newly diagnosed ADHD were observed for 12–14 weeks. Primary efficacy endpoint was the clinical global impression (CGI) by the physician. Secondary endpoints comprise patient evaluation (Wender–Reimherr self-report, WR-SR), safety, tolerability, and dosage of MPH. With a mean daily dose of 35.8 (±17.0) mg MPH, the population of patients being severely/most extremely ill or markedly ill decreased by 64% and 61%, respectively. According to physicians’ assessment (CGI), 74.5% of patients were identified as treatment responders. The total score of patient-based assessment (WR-SR) improved by 23.5% (50.1 ± 40.3 points) with the most profound improvement in attention deficit (−30.0%), disorganization (−26.6%), and hyperactivity / unrest (−23.3%). Self-evaluation revealed a responder rate of 35.4%. In summary, MPH treatment improves the degree of ADHD severity under routine conditions. In addition, activities of daily living were facilitated when taking MPH. The rather poor responder rates determined by patient assessment as well as the comparatively low applied mean daily dose of 35.8 mg (median 40 mg) indicate sub-optimal dosing under routine conditions, not exploiting the full beneficial therapeutic potential of MPH.
Filtration shrinkage, the structure of deflators, and failure of market completeness
Authors: Kardaras Constantinos , Ruf Johannes 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe analyse the structure of local martingale deflators projected on smaller filtrations. In a general continuous-path setting, we show that the local martingale parts in the multiplicative Doob–Meyer decomposition of projected local martingale deflators are themselves local martingale deflators in the smaller information market. Via use of a Bayesian filtering approach, we demonstrate the exact mechanism of how updates on the possible class of models under less information result in the strict supermartingale property of projections of such deflators. Finally, we demonstrate that these projections are unable to span all possible local martingale deflators in the smaller information market, by investigating a situation where market completeness is not retained under filtration shrinkage.
Materiality, Agency and Evolution of Lithic Technology: an Integrated Perspective for Palaeolithic Archaeology
Authors: Hussain Shumon T. , Will Manuel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConsiderations of materiality and object-oriented approaches have greatly influenced the development of archaeological theory in recent years. Yet, Palaeolithic archaeology has been slow in incorporating this emerging body of scholarship and exploring its bearing on the human deep past. This paper probes into the potential of materiality theory to clarify the material dynamics of the Plio-Pleistocene and seeks to re-articulate the debate on the evolution of our species with materiality discourses in archaeology and the humanities more broadly. We argue that the signature temporalities and geospatial scales of observation provided by the Palaeolithic record offer unique opportunities to examine the active role of material things, objects, artefacts and technologies in the emergence, stabilisation and transformation of hominin lifeworlds and the accretion of long-term trajectories of material culture change. We map three axes of human–thing relations—ecological, technical and evolutionary—and deploy a range of case studies from the literature to show that a critical re-assessment of material agency not only discloses novel insights and questions, but can also refine what we already know about the human deep past. Our exploration underscores the benefits of de-centring human behaviour and intentionality and demonstrates that materiality lends itself as a productive nexus of exchange and mutual inspiration for diverging schools and research interests in Palaeolithic archaeology. An integrated object-oriented perspective calls attention to the human condition as a product of millennial-scale human–thing co-adaptation, in the course of which hominins, artefacts and technologies continuously influenced and co-created each other.
The justification for inclusive education in Australia
Authors: Boyle Christopher , Anderson Joanna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the justification for inclusive education in Australia, whilst being cognizant of the wider international landscape. Separate educational provision is increasing in many countries, including Australia. Inclusive education has plateaued to a degree with demand increasing for non-inclusive settings. There are three main components to the argument for and against inclusive education and these are the educational, social, and the economic justification. There is clear evidence that inclusive education in Australia can be justified across these areas. There is a dearth of evidence that inclusive education is less than beneficial for all students in mainstream schools. In fact, studies show that there is an economic advantage to being fully inclusive, but this should not be seen as an opportunity for cost saving in the education sector but rather as proper deployment of resources to ensure effective education for all students no matter what their background. The evidence for social and educational benefits is vast with both parents and students reporting positive outcomes. Inclusive education can be fraught with difficulties, but this article clearly shows the positive justification for inclusive educational environments.
Research strengths identified by esteem and bibliometric indicators: a case study at the University of Vienna
Authors: Sorz Johannes , Glänzel Wolfgang , Ulrych Ursula , Gumpenberger Christian , Gorraiz Juan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe identification of one’s own research strengths is of crucial importance for research administration at universities. In this case study, two different approaches were applied to the University of Vienna. The first relies on funding and rankings information as well as on other esteem indicators. The second is based on a bibliometric analysis of the publication output. We used two alternative clusterings for publications for the bibliometric analysis: Web of Science subject categories and lists of researchers associated with esteem-indicators. Both, esteem-indicators and bibliometric analysis proved to be useful in identifying research strengths, lead to similar results and are meant to be used together to complement each other. We found that the greatest hindrance in the bibliometric approach lies in the inherent limitations of journals-assignment-based classification systems and the considerable time and efforts for more accurate researcher-based publication analyses. Further investigation on this subject, including new and alternative metrics, is needed and will be conducted in the future. However, the preliminary results already demonstrate the benefits of using esteem-factors together with bibliometric analyses for research strengths definition of universities.
Morphological, cytological and molecular marker analyses of ‘Tapestry’ caladium variants reveal diverse genetic changes and enable association of leaf coloration pattern loci with molecular markers
Authors: Cao Zhe , Deng Zhanao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSomaclonal variation and induced mutation are highly valuable sources of genetic variation for genetic improvement and research in horticultural crops; cellular and molecular characterization can greatly facilitate their uses in these areas. In the present study, 20 caladium variants were identified among ‘Tapestry’ plants that were regenerated from leaf cultures treated with or without colchicine. These variants showed changes in leaf main vein color and coloration pattern and were separated into ten groups based on leaf morphological changes. Five variants contained 3.3–9.7% more nuclear DNA than the wildtype and gained one, two or three chromosomes, while four variants contained 3.0–4.8% less nuclear DNA and lost one chromosome. Five, out of 22, simple sequence repeat-based molecular markers detected DNA banding pattern changes in 13 of the 20 variants. Two molecular markers (CaM24 and CaM62) detected DNA banding pattern changes in the same four variants, suggesting that these two markers may be located in the same chromosomal segment. Strong association between leaf characteristics (leaf blotching and main vein color) and molecular banding pattern changes with molecular marker CaM42 were observed in six variants, indicating that CaM42 may be associated with gene loci controlling leaf blotching and leaf main vein color in caladium.
The Community Asset Transfer of Leisure Facilities in the UK: A Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Nichols Geoff , Findlay-King Lindsay , Forbes Deborah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper reviews recent work on community asset transfers (CAT): a transfer of management of facilities from the public sector to the third sector, largely led by volunteers. The emergence of CATs is placed in the context of the development of community organisations and their relation to the state. Transfer has been stimulated by cuts in local government budgets since 2010. The review focusses on leisure facilities because these are non-statutory and so more vulnerable to cuts in public expenditure. The experience of CATs is reviewed, including: the motivations of local government and volunteers; the transfer process and management of CATs post-transfer; and the market position of facility types. The methodological approaches and theoretical frameworks used in research are contrasted; in particular, how these have balanced agency and structure in analysing a contested neoliberalist discourse. The practicalities of research in this area are considered before concluding with research questions.
An Exploration of Well-being in Former Covert and Undercover Police Officers
Authors: Curran Liam Scott 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLittle is known about the stressors of working in covert and undercover policing roles and the impact these can have on the health and psychological well-being of police officers. Extant literature focuses upon the social impact of undercover and covert policing in a democratic society, especially in relation to policing political groups. Presented here are the results of an exploratory study into the lives of former police officers who have engaged in various forms of covert/undercover policing. Utilising semi-structured interviews, in a five-participant case-study design, this research investigates the impact that covert and undercover policing has on the well-being of former officers who have undertaken this role, and how they utilised coping strategies. Data were thematically analysed using Braun and Clarke’s framework (Braun and Clarke 2006). Findings were consistent in that fear of violence was a large factor that impacted the well-being and personal relationships of undercover officers. The paper concludes by outlining pertinent suggestions for future research and considers the implications for covert policing.
Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome in Persons with HIV
Authors: Masenga Sepiso K. , Elijovich Fernando , Koethe John R. , Hamooya Benson M. , Heimburger Douglas C. , Munsaka Sody M. , Laffer Cheryl L. , Kirabo Annet 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewWith the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART), the life span of persons with HIV (PWH) has been nearly normalized. With aging, prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), including hypertension, has increased in the HIV population and exceeds that in the general population in some studies. This is due to a combination of traditional risk factors in addition to the effects attributable to the virus and ART. We review recent findings on the mechanisms contributing to MetS and hypertension in PWH, particularly those specific to the viral infection and to ART.Recent FindingsActivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and chronic immune activation contribute to the development of MetS and hypertension in PWH. HIV proteins and some ART agents alter adipocyte health contributing to dyslipidemias, weight gain, and insulin resistance. HIV infection also contributes to hypertension by direct effects on the RAAS that intertwine with inflammation by the RAAS also contributing to T cell activation.SummaryRecent data suggest that in addition to current ART, therapeutic targeting of the MetS and hypertension in PWH, by interfering with the RAAS, treating insulin resistance directly or by use of immunomodulators that dampen inflammation, may be critical for preventing or treating these risk factors and to improve overall cardiovascular complications in the HIV-infected aging population.
Collapsing the Boundaries Between De Jure and De Facto Slavery: The Foundations of Slavery Beyond the Transatlantic Frame
Authors: Schwarz Katarina , Nicholson Andrea 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe identification of contemporary forms of slavery is often problematically demarcated by reference to transatlantic enslavement as the definitive archetype. Such an approach overlooks other historic slaveries and neglects the totality of themaangamizi—the African holocaust. This article addresses the problematics of positioning the transatlantic system as the paradigm and unpacks the constituent elements of de jure slavery to construct an understanding of slavery as a condition as well as a status. By identifying the core features of de jure chattel slavery through time, this paper displaces the assumption that legal status is determinative, giving meaning to the concept of slavery in the contemporary world.
Suspended superconducting weak links from aerosol-synthesized single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Kaikkonen Jukka-Pekka , Sebastian Abhilash Thanniyil , Laiho Patrik , Wei Nan , Will Marco , Liao Yongping , Kauppinen Esko I. , Hakonen Pertti J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe report a new scheme for fabrication of clean, suspended superconducting weak links from pristine single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). The SWCNTs were grown using the floating-catalyst chemical vapour deposition (FC-CVD) and directly deposited on top of prefabricated superconducting molybdenum-rhenium (MoRe) electrodes by thermophoresis at nearly ambient conditions. Transparent contacts to SWCNTs were obtained by vacuum-annealing the devices at 900 °C, which enabled proximity-induced supercurrents up to 53 nA. SWCNT weak links fabricated on MoRe/palladium bilayer sustained supercurrents up to 0.4 nA after annealing at relatively low temperature of 220 °C. The fabrication process does neither expose SWCNTs to lithographic chemicals, nor the contact electrodes to the harsh conditions of in situ CVD growth. Our scheme facilitates new experimental possibilities for hybrid superconducting devices.
Integrating water use systems and soil and water conservation measures into a hydrological model of an Iranian Wadi system
Authors: Mahmoodi Nariman , Kiesel Jens , Wagner Paul D. , Fohrer Nicola 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWater resources are precious in arid and semi-arid areas such as the Wadis of Iran. To sustainably manage these limited water resources, the residents of the Iranian Wadis have been traditionally using several water use systems (WUSs) which affect natural hydrological processes. In this study, WUSs and soil and water conservation measures (SWCMs) were integrated in a hydrological model of the Halilrood Basin in Iran. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to simulate the hydrological processes between 1993 and 2009 at daily time scale. To assess the importance of WUSs and SWCMs, we compared a model setup without WUSs and SWCMs (Default model) with a model setup with WUSs and SWCMs (WUS-SWCM model). When compared to the observed daily stream flow, the number of acceptable calibration runs as defined by the performance thresholds (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE)≥0.68, −25%≤percent bias (PBIAS)≤25% and ratio of standard deviation (RSR)≤0.56) is 177 for the Default model and 1945 for the WUS-SWCM model. Also, the average Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE) of acceptable calibration runs for the WUS-SWCM model is higher in both calibration and validation periods. When WUSs and SWCMs are implemented, surface runoff (between 30% and 99%) and water yield (between 0 and 18%) decreased in all sub-basins. Moreover, SWCMs lead to a higher contribution of groundwater flow to the channel and compensate for the extracted water by WUSs from the shallow aquifer. In summary, implementing WUSs and SWCMs in the SWAT model enhances model plausibility significantly.
Investigation of thermochemical process of coal particle packed bed reactions for the development of UCG
Authors: Sutardi Tata , Wang Linwei , Karimi Nader , Paul Manosh C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this study, a packed bed reactor was developed to investigate the gasification process of coal particles. The effects of coal particle size and heater temperature of reactor were examined to identify the thermochemical processes through the packed bed. Three different coal samples with varying size, named as A, B, and C, are used, and the experimental results show that the packed bed with smaller coal size has higher temperature, reaching 624 °C, 582 °C, and 569 °C for coal A, B, and C, respectively. In the case of CO formation, the smaller particle size has greater products in the unit of mole fraction over the area of generation. However, the variation in the porosity of the packed bed due to different coal particle sizes affects the reactions through the oxygen access. Consequently, the CO formation is least from the coal packed bed formed by the smallest particle size A. A second test with the temperature variations shows that the higher heater temperature promotes the chemical reactions, resulting in the increased gas products. The findings indicate the important role of coal seam porosity in underground coal gasification application, as well as temperature to promote the syngas productions.
Interkulturelle Kompetenz – Training ohne prozessbegleitendes Coaching?
Authors: Genkova Petia , Whiting Amsy 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDurch die Globalisierung wächst der Bedarf an interkultureller Kompetenz. Diese Studie untersucht den Nutzen interkultureller Trainings, wenn diese nicht von einem Coaching ergänzt werden. In einem Querschnittsdesign wurde untersucht, inwiefern sich die interkulturelle Kompetenz von Personen mit interkulturellem Training von jenen ohne interkulturelles Training unterscheidet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass interkulturelle Trainings positive Auswirkungen auf verschiedene Aspekte der interkulturellen Kompetenz haben, wobei jüngere Personen stärker von Trainings profitierten. Nachhaltige interkulturelle Handlungskompetenz kann durch ein Training allein jedoch nicht erreicht werden. Trainings sind vor allem als Vorbereitung und Ausgangspunkt geeignet.