bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass Distribution in Stellar Structures of Local Dwarfs
Authors: Menéndez-Delmestre Karín , Coelho Yasmin , Grossi Marco , Sheth Kartik 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe study the distribution of mid-infrared light in stellar structures in a large sample (∽ 400) of low-mass (Mstellar <109 MSun) galaxies. Our sample is selected from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structures in Galaxies (S4G), which entails deep imaging of nearby galaxies with the IRAC instrument at 3.6/4.5 μ m. Based on the 2D decomposition of the 3.6μ m images, we find that the majority (∽65%) of galaxies in our sample is well-fit by a single disk profile. The rest of the sample is more adequately fit by a disk and an additional component (e.g., bar, nucleus, bulge, second disk component). Bars are present in ∽11% of the sample, marking a sharp drop in the bar fraction compared to that found for more massive galaxies. The typical contribution of bars to the 3.6 μ m light in dwarfs is ∽1-2%, lower than that found in more massive galaxies. These results bring a number of issues into question: why do low-mass galaxies have such low bar fraction? does the bar instability act differently in low-mass galaxies such that a smaller proportion of stellar mass is typically involved in the bar structure? Is the fact that dwarfs are more dark matter dominated playing a role?
Cultural heritage and memory after ethnic cleansing in post-conflict Bosnia-Herzegovina
Authors: Walasek Helen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article draws on my book Bosnia and the Destruction of Cultural Heritage,1 which incorporates ground-breaking fieldwork in Bosnia-Herzegovina and extensive research, and on my subsequent research and fieldwork in the post-conflict country. In the article, I explore the meaning that restoration and reconstruction of cultural heritage intentionally destroyed during conflict can have, particularly to the forcibly displaced. With the protection of cultural heritage increasingly being treated as an important human right and with the impact that forcible displacement during armed conflict has on cultural identity now in the spotlight, the importance of cultural heritage for those ethnically cleansed in Bosnia-Herzegovina during the 1992–95 war (both those who returned and those who did not) has relevance for considerations of contemporary post-conflict populations.
An Anticipation Experiment for Plate Tectonics
Authors: Gillooly Tom , Coltice Nicolas , Wolf Christian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough plate tectonics has pushed the frontiers of geosciences in the past 50 years, it has legitimate limitations, and among them we focus on both the absence of dynamics in the theory and the difficulty of reconstructing tectonics when data are sparse. In this manuscript, we propose an anticipation experiment, proposing a singular outlook on plate tectonics in the digital era. We hypothesize that mantle convection models producing self‐consistently plate‐like behavior will capture the essence of the self‐organization of plate boundaries. Such models exist today in a preliminary fashion, and we use them here to build a database of mid‐ocean ridge and trench configurations. To extract knowledge from it, we develop a machine learning framework based on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) that learns the regularities of the self‐organization in order to fill gaps of observations when working on reconstructing a plate configuration. The user provides the distribution of known ridges and trenches, the location of the region where observations lack, and our digital architecture proposes a horizontal divergence map from which missing plate boundaries are extracted. Our framework is able to prolongate and interpolate plate boundaries within an unresolved region but fails to retrieve a plate boundary that would be completely contained inside of it. The attempt we make is certainly too early because geodynamic models need improvement and a larger amount of geodynamic model outputs, as independent as possible, is required. However, this work suggests applying such an approach to expand the capabilities of plate tectonics is within reach.
Epigenetic regulation of macrophages: from homeostasis maintenance to host defense
Authors: Chen Siyuan , Yang Jing , Wei Yuquan , Wei Xiawei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMacrophages are crucial members of the innate immune response and important regulators. The differentiation and activation of macrophages require the timely regulation of gene expression, which depends on the interaction of a variety of factors, including transcription factors and epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic changes also give macrophages the ability to switch rapidly between cellular programs, indicating the ability of epigenetic mechanisms to affect phenotype plasticity. In this review, we focus on key epigenetic events associated with macrophage fate, highlighting events related to the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, responses to different stimuli and the formation of innate immune memory. Further understanding of the epigenetic regulation of macrophages will be helpful for maintaining tissue integrity, preventing chronic inflammatory diseases and developing therapies to enhance host defense.
Atomic layer deposited Pt-Ru dual-metal dimers and identifying their active sites for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhang Lei , Si Rutong , Liu Hanshuo , Chen Ning , Wang Qi , Adair Keegan , Wang Zhiqiang , Chen Jiatang , Song Zhongxin , Li Junjie , Banis Mohammad Norouzi , Li Ruying , Sham Tsun-Kong , Gu Meng , Liu Li-Min , Botton Gianluigi A. , Sun Xueliang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSingle atom catalysts exhibit particularly high catalytic activities in contrast to regular nanomaterial-based catalysts. Until recently, research has been mostly focused on single atom catalysts, and it remains a great challenge to synthesize bimetallic dimer structures. Herein, we successfully prepare high-quality one-to-one A-B bimetallic dimer structures (Pt-Ru dimers) through an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. The Pt-Ru dimers show much higher hydrogen evolution activity (more than 50 times) and excellent stability compared to commercial Pt/C catalysts. X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicates that the Pt-Ru dimers structure model contains one Pt-Ru bonding configuration. First principle calculations reveal that the Pt-Ru dimer generates a synergy effect by modulating the electronic structure, which results in the enhanced hydrogen evolution activity. This work paves the way for the rational design of bimetallic dimers with good activity and stability, which have a great potential to be applied in various catalytic reactions.
Identification of advanced spin-driven thermoelectric materials via interpretable machine learning
Authors: Iwasaki Yuma , Sawada Ryohto , Stanev Valentin , Ishida Masahiko , Kirihara Akihiro , Omori Yasutomo , Someya Hiroko , Takeuchi Ichiro , Saitoh Eiji , Yorozu Shinichi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMachine learning is becoming a valuable tool for scientific discovery. Particularly attractive is the application of machine learning methods to the field of materials development, which enables innovations by discovering new and better functional materials. To apply machine learning to actual materials development, close collaboration between scientists and machine learning tools is necessary. However, such collaboration has been so far impeded by the black box nature of many machine learning algorithms. It is often difficult for scientists to interpret the data-driven models from the viewpoint of material science and physics. Here, we demonstrate the development of spin-driven thermoelectric materials with anomalous Nernst effect by using an interpretable machine learning method called factorized asymptotic Bayesian inference hierarchical mixture of experts (FAB/HMEs). Based on prior knowledge of material science and physics, we were able to extract from the interpretable machine learning some surprising correlations and new knowledge about spin-driven thermoelectric materials. Guided by this, we carried out an actual material synthesis that led to the identification of a novel spin-driven thermoelectric material. This material shows the largest thermopower to date.
The first amber caridean shrimp from Mexico reveals the ancient adaptation of the Palaemon to the mangrove estuary environment
Authors: Du Bao-Jie , Chen Rui , Li Xin-Zheng , Tao Wen-Tao , Bu Wen-Jun , Xiao Jin-Hua , Huang Da-Wei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aquatic and semiaquatic invertebrates in fossiliferous amber have been reported, including taxa in a wide range of the subphylum Crustacea of Arthropoda. However, no caridean shrimp has been discovered so far in the world. The shrimp Palaemon aestuarius sp. nov. (Palaemonidae) preserved in amber from Chiapas, Mexico during Early Miocene (ca. 22.8 Ma) represents the first and the oldest amber caridean species. This finding suggests that the genus Palaemon has occupied Mexico at least since Early Miocene. In addition, the coexistence of the shrimp, a beetle larva, and a piece of residual leaf in the same amber supports the previous explanations for the Mexican amber depositional environment, in the tide-influenced mangrove estuary region.
Recreational vessels without Automatic Identification System (AIS) dominate anthropogenic noise contributions to a shallow water soundscape
Authors: Hermannsen Line , Mikkelsen Lonnie , Tougaard Jakob , Beedholm Kristian , Johnson Mark , Madsen Peter T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecreational boating is an increasing activity in coastal areas and its spatiotemporal overlap with key habitats of marine species pose a risk for negative noise impacts. Yet, recreational vessels are currently unaccounted for in vessel noise models using Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. Here we conduct a case study investigating noise contributions from vessels with and without AIS (non-AIS) in a shallow coastal area within the Inner Danish waters. By tracking vessels with theodolite and AIS, while recording ambient noise levels, we find that non-AIS vessels have a higher occurrence (83%) than AIS vessels, and that motorised recreational vessels can elevate third-octave band noise centred at 0.125, 2 and 16 kHz by 47–51 dB. Accordingly, these vessels dominated the soundscape in the study site due to their high numbers, high speeds and proximity to the coast. Furthermore, recreational vessels caused 49–85% of noise events potentially eliciting behavioural responses in harbour porpoises (AIS vessels caused 5–24%). We therefore conclude that AIS data would poorly predict vessel noise pollution and its impacts in this and other similar marine environments. We suggest to improve vessel noise models and impact assessments by requiring that faster and more powerful recreational vessels carry AIS-transmitters.
Volume explored by a branching random walk on general graphs
Authors: Bordeu Ignacio , Amarteifio Saoirse , Garcia-Millan Rosalba , Walter Benjamin , Wei Nanxin , Pruessner Gunnar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBranching processes are used to model diverse social and physical scenarios, from extinction of family names to nuclear fission. However, for a better description of natural phenomena, such as viral epidemics in cellular tissues, animal populations and social networks, a spatial embedding—the branching random walk (BRW)—is required. Despite its wide range of applications, the properties of the volume explored by the BRW so far remained elusive, with exact results limited to one dimension. Here we present analytical results, supported by numerical simulations, on the scaling of the volume explored by a BRW in the critical regime, the onset of epidemics, in general environments. Our results characterise the spreading dynamics on regular lattices and general graphs, such as fractals, random trees and scale-free networks, revealing the direct relation between the graphs’ dimensionality and the rate of propagation of the viral process. Furthermore, we use the BRW to determine the spectral properties of real social and metabolic networks, where we observe that a lack of information of the network structure can lead to differences in the observed behaviour of the spreading process. Our results provide observables of broad interest for the characterisation of real world lattices, tissues, and networks.
Acceleration of mass transfer processes in plants due to the geometric structure: a fractional order equation of mass transfer and its application
Authors: Arkhincheev V. E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe problem of mass transfer in living plants in the framework of the comb model was studied. The fractional order equation for problem of mass transfer was deduced and its application for transfer in the plants was considered. The different temporal asymptotic, which occurred due to geometry of plants, were obtained. It was established that mass transfer processes in living plants depend on the geometric structure of plants, namely, it is mass transfer is accelerated from steam to branches. The discussion of obtained results was given.
Incorporation of fragmented visuo-olfactory episodic memory into dreams and its association with memory performance
Authors: Plailly J. , Villalba M. , Vallat R. , Nicolas A. , Ruby P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe question of a possible link between dream content and memory consolidation remains open. After a comprehensive review of the literature, we present novel findings from an experiment testing whether the incorporation of recently learned stimuli into dream reports is associated with improved post-sleep memory performance. Thirty-two high dream recallers freely explored new visuo-olfactory episodes for 3 consecutive days. During the nights following each non-explicit encoding, participants wore a wrist actimeter, and woke up at 5am and their usual waking time to record their dreams (intensity of all oneiric sensory perception was assessed using scales). A total of 120 dreams were reported and elements related to the encoding phase were identified in 37 of them, either learning-related (mainly visual- and rarely olfactory-related elements), or experiment-related (lab- or experimenters-related elements). On the 4th day, we found that participants with learning-related (n = 16) and participants with learning-related and/or experiment-related dreams (n = 21) had similar odor recognition and odor-evoked episodic memory with the other participants. However, they had significantly better visuo-spatial memory of the episodes in comparison to the other participants. Our results support the hypothesis that the learning phase is loosely incorporated into dreams and that this incorporation is associated with sleep related memory consolidation.
Detection and identification of transgenic events by next generation sequencing combined with enrichment technologies
Authors: Debode Frédéric , Hulin Julie , Charloteaux Benoît , Coppieters Wouter , Hanikenne Marc , Karim Latifa , Berben Gilbert 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNext generation sequencing (NGS) is a promising tool for analysing the quality and safety of food and feed products. The detection and identification of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is complex, as the diversity of transgenic events and types of structural elements introduced in plants continue to increase. In this paper, we show how a strategy that combines enrichment technologies with NGS can be used to detect a large panel of structural elements and partially or completely reconstruct the new sequence inserted into the plant genome in a single analysis, even at low GMO percentages. The strategy of enriching sequences of interest makes the approach applicable even to mixed products, which was not possible before due to insufficient coverage of the different genomes present. This approach is also the first step towards a more complete characterisation of agrifood products in a single analysis.
Detecting TP53 mutations in diagnostic and archival liquid-based Pap samples from ovarian cancer patients using an ultra-sensitive ddPCR method
Authors: Arildsen Nicolai Skovbjerg , Martin de la Fuente Laura , Måsbäck Anna , Malander Susanne , Forslund Ola , Kannisto Päivi , Hedenfalk Ingrid 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHigh-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most common subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer and early detection is challenging. TP53 mutations are a hallmark of HGSOC and detection of these mutations in liquid-based Pap samples could provide a method for early diagnosis. Here we evaluate the use of IBSAFE, an ultra-sensitive droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method, for detecting TP53 mutations in liquid-based Pap samples collected from fifteen women at the time of diagnosis (diagnostic samples) and/or up to seven years prior to diagnosis (archival samples). We analysed tumours for somatic TP53 mutations with next generation sequencing and were able to detect the corresponding mutations in diagnostic samples from six of eight women, while one patient harboured a germline mutation. We further detected a mutation in an archival sample obtained 20 months prior to the ovarian cancer diagnosis. The custom designed IBSAFE assays detected minor allele frequencies (MAFs) with very high assay sensitivity (MAF = 0.0068%) and were successful despite low DNA abundance (0.17–206.14 ng, median: 17.27 ng). These results provide support for further evaluation of archival liquid-based Pap samples for diagnostic purposes and demonstrate that ultra-sensitive ddPCR should be evaluated for ovarian cancer screening in high-risk groups or in the recurrent setting.
Statistical treatment of Photoluminescence Quantum Yield Measurements
Authors: Fries Felix , Reineke Sebastian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is an important measure of luminescent materials. Referring to the number of emitted photons per absorbed photons, it is an essential parameter that allows for primary classification of materials and further is a quantity that is of utmost importance for many detailed analyses of luminescent systems and processes. Determining the PLQY has been discussed in literature for many years and various methods are known. Absolute values can be measured directly using an appropriate setup. As this relies on the correct evaluation of photon-counts, it is a very sensitive method. Hence, systematic errors that can occur are discussed widely. However, of course those measurements also contain random uncertainties, which remain mainly unconsidered. The careful evaluation of both systematic and statistical errors of the PLQY is the only way to gain confidence in its absolute value. Here, we propose a way of evaluating the statistical uncertainty in absolute PLQY measurements. This relies on the combination of multiple measurements and the subsequent calculus of the weighted mean. The statistical uncertainty is then obtained as the standard deviation of the mean. This method not only quantifies the impact of statistical influences on the measurements, but also allows simple analysis of time-dependent systematic errors during the measurement and the identification of outliers.
Fragile X syndrome carrier screening in pregnant women in Chinese Han population
Authors: Hung Chia-Cheng , Lee Chien-Nan , Wang Yu-Chu , Chen Chih-Ling , Lin Tze-Kang , Su Yi-Ning , Lin Ming-Wei , Kang Jessica , Tai Yi-Yun , Hsu Wen-Wei , Lin Shin-Yu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most frequent genetic cause of intellectual disability (ID). It was previously believed that the FXS prevalence was low in Chinese population, and the cost-efficiency of FXS carrier screening was questioned. This retrospective observational study was conducted between September 2014 and May 2017 to determine the prevalence of FXS carriers in a large Chinese cohort of pregnant women. The FMR1 CGG repeat status was determined in 20,188 pregnant Taiwanese women and we identified 26 women with premutation (PM). The PM allele was transmitted to the fetus in 17 pregnancies (56.6%), and six of 17 expanded to full mutation (FM). One asymptomatic woman had a FM allele with 280 CGG repeats. Prenatal genetic diagnosis of her first fetus revealed a male carrying a FMR1 gene deletion of 5′ UTR and exon 1. Her second fetus was a female carrying a FM allele as well. This is so far the largest study of the FXS carrier screening in Chinese women. The prevalence of premutation allele for FXS in normal asymptomatic Taiwanese women was found to be as high as 0.13% (1 in 777) in this study. The empirical evidence suggests that reproductive FXS carrier screening in Taiwan might be cost-effective.
Rapid Brain Responses to Familiar vs. Unfamiliar Music – an EEG and Pupillometry study
Authors: Jagiello Robert , Pomper Ulrich , Yoneya Makoto , Zhao Sijia , Chait Maria 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHuman listeners exhibit marked sensitivity to familiar music, perhaps most readily revealed by popular “name that tune” games, in which listeners often succeed in recognizing a familiar song based on extremely brief presentation. In this work, we used electroencephalography (EEG) and pupillometry to reveal the temporal signatures of the brain processes that allow differentiation between a familiar, well liked, and unfamiliar piece of music. In contrast to previous work, which has quantified gradual changes in pupil diameter (the so-called “pupil dilation response”), here we focus on the occurrence of pupil dilation events. This approach is substantially more sensitive in the temporal domain and allowed us to tap early activity with the putative salience network. Participants (N = 10) passively listened to snippets (750 ms) of a familiar, personally relevant and, an acoustically matched, unfamiliar song, presented in random order. A group of control participants (N = 12), who were unfamiliar with all of the songs, was also tested. We reveal a rapid differentiation between snippets from familiar and unfamiliar songs: Pupil responses showed greater dilation rate to familiar music from 100–300 ms post-stimulus-onset, consistent with a faster activation of the autonomic salience network. Brain responses measured with EEG showed a later differentiation between familiar and unfamiliar music from 350 ms post onset. Remarkably, the cluster pattern identified in the EEG response is very similar to that commonly found in the classic old/new memory retrieval paradigms, suggesting that the recognition of brief, randomly presented, music snippets, draws on similar processes.