bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of additional resection on new ischemic lesions and their clinical relevance after intraoperative 3 Tesla MRI in neuro-oncological surgery
Authors: Voglis Stefanos , Müller Timothy , van Niftrik Christiaan H. B. , Tosic Lazar , Neidert Marian Christoph , Regli Luca , Bozinov Oliver 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntraoperative MRI (ioMRI) has become a frequently used tool to improve maximum safe resection in brain tumor surgery. The usability of intraoperatively acquired diffusion-weighted imaging sequences to predict the extent and clinical relevance of new infarcts has not yet been studied. Furthermore, the question of whether more aggressive surgery after ioMRI leads to more or larger infarcts is of crucial interest for the surgeons’ operative strategy. Retrospective single-center analysis of a prospective registry of procedures from 2013 to 2019 with ioMRI was used. Infarct volumes in ioMRI/poMRI, lesion localization, mRS, and NIHSS were analyzed for each case. A total of 177 individual operations (60% male, mean age 45.5 years old) met the inclusion criteria. In 61% of the procedures, additional resection was performed after ioMRI, which resulted in a significantly higher number of new ischemic lesions postoperatively (p < .001). The development of new or enlarged ischemic areas upon additional resection could also be shown volumetrically (mean volume in ioMRI 0.39 cm3 vs. poMRI 2.97 cm3; p < .001). Despite the surgically induced new infarcts, mRS and NIHSS did not worsen significantly in cases with additional resection. Additionally, new perilesional ischemia in eloquently located tumors was not associated with an impaired neurological outcome. Additional resection after ioMRI leads to new or enlarged ischemic areas. However, these new infarcts do not necessarily result in an impaired neurological outcome, even when in eloquent brain areas.
Soft curvature sensors for measuring the rotational angles of mechanical fingers
Authors: Liu Haixiao , Li Li , Ouyang Zhikang , Sun Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe design, fabrication, and testing of soft sensors that measure elastomer curvature and mechanical finger bending are described in this study. The base of the soft sensors is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which is a translucent elastomer. The main body of the soft sensors consists of three layers of silicone rubber plate, and the sensing element is a microchannel filled with galliumindium-tin (Ga-In-Sn) alloy, which is embedded in the elastomer. First, the working principle of soft sensors is investigated, and their structure is designed. Second, the relationship between curvature and resistance is determined. Third, several sensors with different specifications are built in accordance with the structural design. Experiments show that the sensors exhibit high accuracy when the curvature changes within a certain range. Lastly, the soft sensors are applied to the measurement of mechanical finger bending. Experiments show that soft curvature sensors can effectively reflect mechanical finger bending and can be used to measure the bending of mechanical fingers with high sensitivity within a certain working range.
Multiple radial phosphorus segregations in GaAsP core-shell nanowires
Authors: Fonseka H. Aruni , Zhang Yunyan , Gott James A. , Beanland Richard , Liu Huiyun , Sanchez Ana M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHighly faceted geometries such as nanowires are prone to form self-formed features, especially those that are driven by segregation. Understanding these features is important in preventing their formation, understanding their effects on nanowire properties, or engineering them for applications. Single elemental segregation lines that run along the radii of the hexagonal cross-section have been a common observation in alloy semiconductor nanowires. Here, in GaAsP nanowires, two additional P rich bands are formed on either side of the primary band, resulting in a total of three segregation bands in the vicinity of three of the alternating radii. These bands are less intense than the primary band and their formation can be attributed to the inclined nanofacets that form in the vicinity of the vertices. The formation of the secondary bands requires a higher composition of P in the shell, and to be grown under conditions that increase the diffusivity difference between As and P. Furthermore, it is observed that the primary band can split into two narrow and parallel bands. This can take place in all six radii, making the cross sections to have up to a maximum of 18 radial segregation bands. With controlled growth, these features could be exploited to assemble multiple different quantum structures in a new dimension (circumferential direction) within nanowires.
Adaptive nanopores: A bioinspired label-free approach for protein sequencing and identification
Authors: Spitaleri Andrea , Garoli Denis , Schütte Moritz , Lehrach Hans , Rocchia Walter , De Angelis Francesco 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSingle molecule protein sequencing would tremendously impact in proteomics and human biology and it would promote the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. However, its technological realization can only be envisioned, and huge challenges need to be overcome. Major difficulties are inherent to the structure of proteins, which are composed by several different amino-acids. Despite long standing efforts, only few complex techniques, such as Edman degradation, liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy, make protein sequencing possible. Unfortunately, these techniques present significant limitations in terms of amount of sample required and dynamic range of measurement. It is known that proteins can distinguish closely similar molecules. Moreover, several proteins can work as biological nanopores in order to perform single molecule detection and sequencing. Unfortunately, while DNA sequencing by means of nanopores is demonstrated, very few examples of nanopores able to perform reliable protein-sequencing have been reported so far. Here, we investigate, by means of molecular dynamics simulations, how a re-engineered protein, acting as biological nanopore, can be used to recognize the sequence of a translocating peptide by sensing the “shape” of individual amino-acids. In our simulations we demonstrate that it is possible to discriminate with high fidelity, 9 different amino-acids in a short peptide translocating through the engineered construct. The method, here shown for fluorescence-based sequencing, does not require any labelling of the peptidic analyte. These results can pave the way for a new and highly sensitive method of sequencing.
Devonian-Carboniferous boundary sections in Iran
Authors: Königshof Peter , Bahrami Ali , Kaiser Sandra I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMany sections are known from Iran which exhibit sediments across the Devonian-Carboniferous (D-C) boundary. In contrast to the majority of published D-C sections worldwide from pelagic/hemipelagic environments, successions in Iran are mainly composed of shallow-water sediments. Correlation with hemipelagic or pelagic palaeoenvironments remains difficult due to biostratigraphic uncertainties in most sections and/or hiatuses. On the other hand, a limited number of sections dealing with shallow-water facies settings in Iran at this particular time period are known and further research is necessary. Several sections in the Alborz Mountains provide an excellent opportunity to study successions across the D-C boundary in shallow-water facies. In Iran, protognathoids are represented byProtognathodus meischneriandProtognathodus collinsoni. The two biostratigraphically important protognathoids (Protognathodus kuehniandProtognathodus kockeli) were not reported or did not occur for the first time in the Late Tournaisian. Early siphonodellids were described instead. In the frame of an Iranian/German research project, we study different palaeoenvironments to reduce serious palaeoenvironmental and palaeogeographical sampling bias which may limit our knowledge on the Hangenberg Event particularly in shallow-water facies. We present a summary on published D-C sections in Iran (Ghale-Kalaghu, Howz-e-Dorah 1, Howz-e-Dorah 2 and Shahmirzad) and sections which are under study (Mighan, Chelcheli and Khoshyeilagh) at the time of this writing.
Serum citrullinated histone H3 concentrations differentiate patients with septic verses non-septic shock and correlate with disease severity
Authors: Tian Yuzi , Russo Rachel M. , Li Yongqing , Karmakar Monita , Liu Baoling , Puskarich Michael A. , Jones Alan E. , Stringer Kathleen A. , Standiford Theodore J. , Alam Hasan B. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Microbial infection stimulates neutrophil/macrophage/monocyte extracellular trap formation, which leads to the release of citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3) catalyzed by peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) 2 and 4. Understanding these molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of septic shock will be an important next step for developing novel diagnostic and treatment modalities. We sought to determine the expression of CitH3 in patients with septic shock, and to correlate CitH3 levels with PAD2/PAD4 and clinically relevant outcomes.

Methods
Levels of CitH3 were measured in serum samples of 160 critically ill patients with septic and non-septic shock, and healthy volunteers. Analyses of clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients were conducted.

Results
Levels of circulating CitH3 at enrollment were significantly increased in septic shock patients (n = 102) compared to patients hospitalized with non-infectious shock (NIC) (n = 32, p < 0.0001). The area under the curve (95% CI) for distinguishing septic shock from NIC using CitH3 was 0.76 (0.65–0.86). CitH3 was positively correlated with PAD2 and PAD4 concentrations and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Scores [total score (r = 0.36, p < 0.0001)]. The serum levels of CitH3 at 24 h (p < 0.01) and 48 h (p < 0.05) were significantly higher in the septic patients that did not survive.

Conclusion
CitH3 is increased in patients with septic shock. Its serum concentrations correlate with disease severity and prognosis, which may yield vital insights into the pathophysiology of sepsis.
Mating Decisions in the Absence of Physical Attraction
Authors: White Kaitlyn P. , Jonason Peter K. , Al-Shawaf Laith 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective
Mates high in physical attractiveness are in short supply, which means that not all people are able to find mates who are sufficiently attractive. Threshold models of mate preferences suggest that when physical attractiveness minimums are not reached, other traits possessed by a potential partner may play a lesser role in mate choice. However, few studies have sought to understand mating decisions when those minimums are not met.

Methods
In this experiment (N = 186), participants rated images of (pre-rated) unattractive opposite-sex others for long-term and short-term relationships after learning dealbreaker or dealmaker information.

Results
While participants did not find targets highly desirable or physically attractive (as a stimulus check), men were more willing than women to have casual sex, and that men and women reported similar desirability ratings towards long-term partners. Learning dealbreakers was associated with less desire for the targets than dealmakers, but women’s lack of interest was insensitive to mating context, whereas men found the target especially undesirable in the long-term context. Additionally, men were willing to consider a long-term relationship with a physically unattractive partner who possessed dealmakers, but not one who possessed dealbreakers.

Conclusions
Our discussion focuses on men and women’s mating decisions when potential partners fail to meet minimum thresholds for physical attractiveness. Future research is needed to explore the magnitude of the effect of meeting or failing to meet one’s minimum thresholds for physical attractiveness.
Facilitating factors and challenges of the implementation of multisectoral nutrition programmes at the community level to improve optimal infant and young child feeding practices: a qualitative study in Burkina Faso
Authors: Ouedraogo Ousmane , Doudou Maimouna Halidou , Drabo Koiné Maxime , Kiburente Médiatrice , Cissé Djibril , Mésenge Christian , Sanou Dia , Zagre Noel Marie , Donnen Philippe 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectives:To identify the drivers and challenges of successful nutrition programme implementation in a multisectoral, community-level approach to improve infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in northern Burkina Faso.Design:A qualitative study was conducted in 2019 through (i) individual interviews with key informants from five different sectors (health, agriculture, environment, livestock and education) and association staff, agents and community leaders and (ii) focus groups with mothers of children under the age of 2 years.Setting:Three health districts in the northern region of Burkina Faso implemented a multisectoral community nutrition programme to improve IYCF practices.Participants:Forty-seven implementing actors and twenty-four beneficiary mothers.Results:Factors influencing successful implementation include community participation; sector commitment and involvement; the existence of nutrition champions; capacity building; the integration of interventions; micronutrient powder distribution; the introduction of nutrition-sensitive interventions, such as the promotion of the consumption of orange-fleshed sweet potatoes; improved food production and small livestock rearing and the effective coordination of actors and complementary funding. The main challenges of the implementation of multisectorality are low participation among nutrition-sensitive sectors, a tendency for siloed work among sectors, scheduling conflicts, high actor mobility, differences in the target population by sector, a lack of technical skills among community workers, insufficient financial resources, low geographic convergence and coverage of beneficiaries, a lack of a multisectoral monitoring mechanism and accountability and insecurity.Conclusions:Strengthening sector participation, identifying a common targeting strategy and mobilising financial resources have the potential to significantly reduce barriers and improve the quality of implementation.
The Role of Redox on Bridgmanite Crystal Chemistry and Calcium Speciation in the Lower Mantle
Authors: Creasy Neala , Girard Jennifer , Eckert James O. , Lee Kanani K. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe amount of ferric iron Fe3+ in the lower mantle is largely unknown and may be influenced by the disproportionation reaction of ferrous iron Fe2+ into metallic Fe and Fe3+ triggered by the formation of bridgmanite. Recent work has shown that Fe3+ has a strong effect on the density and seismic wave speeds of bridgmanite and the incorporation of impurities such as aluminum. In order to further investigate the effects of ferric iron on mineral behavior at lower mantle conditions, we conducted laser‐heated diamond‐anvil cell (LHDAC) experiments on two sets of samples nearly identical in composition (an aluminum‐rich pyroxenite glass) except for the Fe3+ content; with one sample with more Fe3+ (“oxidized”: Fe3+/ΣFe ~ 55%) and the other with less Fe3+ (“reduced”: Fe3+/ΣFe ~ 11%). We heated the samples to lower mantle conditions, and the resulting assemblages were drastically different between the two sets of samples. For the reduced composition, we observed a multiphase assemblage dominated by bridgmanite and calcium perovskite. In contrast, the oxidized material yielded a single phase of Ca‐bearing bridgmanite. These Al‐rich pyroxenite samples show a difference in density and seismic velocities for these two redox states, where the reduced assemblage is denser than the oxidized assemblage by ~1.5% at the bottom of the lower mantle and slower (bulk sound speed) by ~2%. Thus, heterogeneities of Fe3+ content may lead to density and seismic wave speed heterogeneities in Earth's lower mantle.
Mapping Intrinsic and Scattering Attenuation in the Southern Aegean Crust Using S Wave Envelope Inversion and Sensitivity Kernels Derived From Perturbation Theory
Authors: Ranjan P. , Konstantinou K. I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe applied sensitivity kernels based on perturbation theory to map the crustal intrinsic and scattering attenuation of S wave envelopes in the southern Aegean. The southern Aegean crust is under extension due to the rollback of the Nubian plate, which is subducting beneath the Aegean plate. The waveforms of 104,531 crustal events (<40 km) were used to calculate S wave envelopes in four frequency bands. The S wave envelopes were modeled using the 3‐D isotropic solution of the radiative transfer equation with a factor for energy leakage. A two‐stage grid search with linear least squares was applied to estimate the attenuation parameters from each S wave envelope. Then we calculated the 2‐D scattering and absorption sensitivity kernels for each wave path based on perturbation theory. These kernels and the envelope attenuation parameters were inverted using the Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to obtain maps of intrinsic and scattering attenuation (Qi−1 and Qsc−1). High Qi−1 has thermal origin associated with fluids while high Qsc−1 stems from velocity contrasts caused by deformed structure such as faults, folds, or fractures. The Corinth rift, the Santorini‐Amorgos zone, and the Gulf of Gökova show strong extensional deformation, which may produce high Qsc−1. The deformed oceanic material accreted below the continental crust and fractures generated by large thrust earthquakes likely produce high Qsc−1 in Crete. The Corinth rift with its repeated earthquake swarms demonstrates fluid activity, which can explain high Qi−1. Thermal contrasts generated by metamorphic core complexes are a potential source of Qi−1 in Cyclades and Crete.
Reconstruction of Extreme Geomagnetic Storms: Breaking the Data Paucity Curse
Authors: Sitnov M. I. , Stephens G. K. , Tsyganenko N. A. , Korth H. , Roelof E. C. , Brandt P. C. , Merkin V. G. , Ukhorskiy A. Y. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReconstruction of the magnetic field, electric current, and plasma pressure is provided using a new data mining (DM) method with weighted nearest neighbors (NN) for strong storms with the storm activity index Sym‐H < −300 nT, the Bastille Day event (July 2000), and the 20 November 2003 superstorm. It is shown that the new method significantly reduces the statistical bias of the original NN algorithm toward weaker storms. In the DM approach the magnetic field is reconstructed using a small NN subset of the large historical database, with the subset number KNN ≫ 1 being still much larger than any simultaneous multiprobe observation number. This allows one to fit with observations a very flexible magnetic field model using basis function expansions for equatorial and field‐aligned currents, and at the same time, to keep the model sensitive to storm variability. This also allows one to calculate the plasma pressure by integrating the quasi‐static force balance equation with the isotropic plasma approximation. For strong storms of particular importance becomes the resolution of the eastward current, which prevents the divergence of the pressure integral. It is shown that in spite of the strong reduction of the dominant NN number in the new weighted NN algorithm to capture strong storm features, it is still possible to resolve the eastward current and to retrieve plasma pressure distributions. It is found that the pressure peak for strong storms may be as close as ≈2.1RE to Earth and its value may exceed 300 nPa.
Impaired RIPK1 ubiquitination sensitizes mice to TNF toxicity and inflammatory cell death
Authors: Kist Matthias , Kőműves László G. , Goncharov Tatiana , Dugger Debra L. , Yu Charles , Roose-Girma Merone , Newton Kim , Webster Joshua D. , Vucic Domagoj 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReceptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1; RIPK1) is a key regulator of multiple signaling pathways that mediate inflammatory responses and cell death. TNF-TNFR1 triggered signaling complex formation, subsequent NF-κB and MAPK activation and induction of cell death involve RIPK1 ubiquitination at several lysine residues including Lys376 and Lys115. Here we show that mutating the ubiquitination site K376 of RIPK1 (K376R) in mice activates cell death resulting in embryonic lethality. In contrast toRipk1K376R/K376Rmice,Ripk1K115R/K115Rmice reached adulthood and showed slightly higher responsiveness to TNF-induced death. Cell death observed inRipk1K376R/K376Rembryos relied on RIPK1 kinase activity as administration of RIPK1 inhibitor GNE684 to pregnant heterozygous mice effectively blocked cell death and prolonged survival. Embryonic lethality ofRipk1K376R/K376Rmice was prevented by the loss of TNFR1, or by simultaneous deletion of caspase-8 and RIPK3. Interestingly, elimination of the wild-type allele from adultRipk1K376R/ckomice was tolerated. However, adultRipk1K376R/ckomice were exquisitely sensitive to TNF-induced hypothermia and associated lethality. Absence of the K376 ubiquitination site diminished K11-linked, K63-linked, and linear ubiquitination of RIPK1, and promoted the assembly of death-inducing cellular complexes, suggesting that multiple ubiquitin linkages contribute to the stability of the RIPK1 signaling complex that stimulates NF-κB and MAPK activation. In contrast, mutating K115 did not affect RIPK1 ubiquitination or TNF stimulated NF-κB and MAPK signaling. Overall, our data indicate that selective impairment of RIPK1 ubiquitination can lower the threshold for RIPK1 activation by TNF resulting in cell death and embryonic lethality.
5G planar branch line coupler design based on the analysis of dielectric constant, loss tangent and quality factor at high frequency
Authors: Mohd Shukor Nor Azimah , Seman Norhudah 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on the effect of different dielectric properties in the design of 3-dB planar branch line coupler (BLC) using RT5880, RO4350, TMM4 and RT6010, particularly at high frequency of 26 GHz, the fifth generation (5G) operating frequency. The analysis conducted in this study is based on the dielectric constant, loss tangent and quality factor (Q-factor) associated with the dielectric properties of the substrate materials. Accordingly, the substrate that displayed the best performance for high frequency application had the lowest dielectric constant, lowest loss tangent and highest Q-factor (i.e., RT5880), and it was chosen to enhance our proposed 3-dB BLC. This enhanced 3-dB BLC was designed with the inclusion of microstrip-slot stub impedance at each port for bandwidth enhancement, and the proposed prototype had dimensions of 29.9 mm × 19.9 mm. The design and analysis of the proposed 3-dB BLC were accomplished by employing CST Microwave Studio. The performance of scattering parameters and the phase difference of the proposed BLC were then assessed and verified through laboratory measurement.