bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spreading depressions and periinfarct spreading depolarizations in the context of cortical plasticity
Authors: Sadowska Maria , Mehlhorn Clemens , Średniawa Władysław , Szewczyk Łukasz M. , Szlachcic Aleksandra , Urban Paulina , Winiarski Maciej , Jabłonka Jan A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractStudies of cortical function-recovery require a comparison between normal and post-stroke conditions that lead to changes in cortical metaplasticity. Focal cortical stroke impairs experience-dependent plasticity (ExDP) in the neighboring somatosensory cortex and usually evokes periinfarct depolarizations (PiDs) – a spreading depression-like waves. Experimentally induced spreading depressions (SDs) affect gene expression and some of these changes persist for at least 30 days. However, such changes are not stroke-specific: migraine patients had prolonged protein changes after a single SD episode during migraine aura. This study investigates whether non-stroke depolarizations impair cortical ExDP similarly to the stroke.ExDP was induced in rates with SDs or PiDs by a month of contralateral partial whiskers deprivation. Cortical activity was mapped by [14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) incorporation during stimulation of spared and contralateral homotopic whiskers. We found that whiskers deprivation after SDs resulted in normal cortical representation enlargement suggesting that SDs and PiDs depolarization have no influence on ExDP cortical map reorganization. PiDs and the MMP-9, −3, −2 or COX-2 proteins which are assumed to influence metaplasticity in rats after stroke were compared between the SDs induced by high osmolarity KCl solution and the PiDs following cortical photothrombotic stroke (PtS). We found that none of these factors directly caused cortical post-stroke metaplasticity changes. The only significant difference between stoke and induced SD was a greater imbalance in interhemispheric activity equilibrium after stroke. The interhemispheric interactions modified by stroke may therefore be a promising target for future studies of post-stroke ExDP and for convalescence studies.HighlightsPost-stroke metaplasticity changes in an injured hemisphere are not a consequence of spreading depolarizationsNone of the monitored proteins (MMP-2, -3, -9; COX-2) cause modifications in poststroke cortical plasticitySpreading depressions have a prolonged, global influence on the functioning of both hemispheres and of the thalamusImpaired interhemispheric interactions may underlie the post-stroke metaplasticity changes in the injured hemisphere
Functional and structural consequences of epithelial cell invasion byBordetella pertussisadenylate cyclase toxin
Authors: Angely Christelle , Ladant Daniel , Planus Emmanuelle , Louis Bruno , Filoche Marcel , Chenal Alexandre , Isabey Daniel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whopping cough, produces an adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) that plays a key role in the host colonization by targeting innate immune cells which express CD11b/CD18, the cellular receptor of CyaA. CyaA is also able to invade non-phagocytic cells, via a unique entry pathway consisting in a direct translocation of its catalytic domain across the cytoplasmic membrane of the cells. Within the cells, CyaA is activated by calmodulin to produce high levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and alter cellular physiology. In this study, we explored the effects of CyaA toxin on the cellular and molecular structure remodeling of A549 alveolar epithelial cells. Using classical imaging techniques, biochemical and functional tests, as well as advanced cell mechanics method, we quantify the structural and functional consequences of the massive increase of intracellular cyclic AMP induced by the toxin: cell shape rounding associated to adhesion weakening process, actin structure remodeling for the cortical and dense components, increase in cytoskeleton stiffness, and inhibition of migration and repair. We also show that, at the low concentrations that may be foundin vivoduringB. pertussisinfection, CyaA impairs the migration and wound healing capacities of the intoxicated alveolar epithelial cells. Our results suggest that the CyaA, beyond its major role in disabling innate immune cells, might also contribute to the local alteration of the epithelial barrier of the respiratory tract, that is an hallmark ofpertussis.
Xpo7 negatively regulates Hedgehog signaling by exporting Gli2 from the nucleus
Authors: Markiewicz Łukasz , Uśpieński Tomasz , Niedziółka Sylwia M. , Niewiadomski Paweł 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDynamic bidirectional transport between the nucleus and the cytoplasm is critical for the regulation of many transcription factors, whose levels inside the nucleus must be tightly controlled. Efficient shuttling across the nuclear membrane is especially crucial with regard to the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, where the transcriptional signal depends on the fine balance between the amounts of Gli protein activator and repressor forms in the nucleus. The nuclear export machinery prevents the unchecked nuclear accumulation of Gli proteins, but the mechanistic insight into this process is limited. We show that the atypical exportin Xpo7 functions as a major nuclear export receptor that actively excludes Gli2 from the nucleus and controls the outcome of Hh signaling. We show that Xpo7 interacts with several domains of Gli2 and that this interaction is dependent on SuFu, a key negative regulator of Hh signaling. Our data pave the way for a more complete understanding of the nuclear shuttling of Gli proteins and the regulation of their transcriptional activity.
Immunoglobulin switch-like recombination regions implicated in the formation of extrachromosomal circular 45S rDNA involved in the maternal-specific translation system of zebrafish
Authors: Breit Timo M. , Rauwerda Han , Pagano Johanna F. B. , Ensink Wim A. , Nehrdich Ulrike , Spaink Herman P. , Dekker Rob J. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTCellular translation is essential to all life on earth and in recent years we have reported on the discovery of a unique dual translation system in zebrafish. In this system, a maternal-type variant shows absolute expression in eggs and is progressively replaced during embryogenesis by a somatic-type variant. There are several translation system components, all with a non-coding RNA part, that show this dual characteristic: snRNA, snoRNA, rRNA, RNaseP, tRNA, and SRP-RNA.To produce sufficient ribosomes during oogenesis, zebrafish amplify their 45S locus (18S-5.8S-28S tandem repeat) by means of extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) organized in extrachromosomal rDNA circles (ERCs). Although this cellular process is discovered quite some time ago, still little is known about the mechanisms involved. Yet, because only the 45S maternal-type (45S-M) rRNA is expressed during oogenesis, the zebrafish genome provides a rare opportunity to compare an ERC 45S locus to a non-ERC 45S locus.In this study, we analyzed the genomic composition of the 45S-M and 45S-S (somatic-type) loci in combination with ultra-long read Nanopore sequencing of ERCs present in total DNA isolated from zebrafish eggs.We discovered 45S-M flanking sequences that were absent in the 45S-S locus and showed high homology to immunoglobulin (Ig) switch regions. Also, several other unique G-quadruplex DNA containing regions were found in the 45S-M locus. Some of those auxiliary regions showed different sizes in the sequenced ERCs, although within each ERC they appear to have identical sizes. These results point to a two-step system for ERC synthesis in zebrafish oogenesis: first the 45S-M repeat is excised from the chromosome into an ERC by recombination that uses the flanking Ig switch-like regions, after which the initial ECR is multiplied and extended into many ECRs with a varying number of 45S-M repeats.
Genome Detective Coronavirus Typing Tool for rapid identification and characterization of novel coronavirus genomes
Authors: Cleemput Sara , Dumon Wim , Fonseca Vagner , Abdool Karim Wasim , Giovanetti Marta , Alcantara Luiz Carlos , Deforche Koen , de Oliveira Tulio 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTSummaryGenome Detective is a web-based, user-friendly software application to quickly and accurately assemble all known virus genomes from next generation sequencing datasets. This application allows the identification of phylogenetic clusters and genotypes from assembled genomes in FASTA format. Since its release in 2019, we have produced a number of typing tools for emergent viruses that have caused large outbreaks, such as Zika and Yellow Fever Virus in Brazil. Here, we present The Genome Detective Coronavirus Typing Tool that can accurately identify novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) sequences isolated in China and around the world. The tool can accept up to 2,000 sequences per submission and the analysis of a new whole genome sequence will take approximately one minute. The tool has been tested and validated with hundreds of whole genomes from ten coronavirus species, and correctly classified all of the SARS-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) and all of the available public data for 2019-nCoV. The tool also allows tracking of new viral mutations as the outbreak expands globally, which may help to accelerate the development of novel diagnostics, drugs and vaccines.AvailabilityAvailable online:https://www.genomedetective.com/app/typingtool/cov*Contactkoen@emweb.beanddeoliveira@ukzn.ac.zaSupplementary informationSupplementary data is available online.
Abnormal expression of GABAAreceptor sub-units and hypomotility upon loss ofgabra1in zebrafish
Authors: Reyes-Nava Nayeli , Yu Hung-Chun , Coughlin Curtis R. , Shaikh Tamim H. , Quintana Anita M. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTWe used whole exome sequencing (WES) to determine the genetic etiology of a patient with a multi-system disorder characterized by a seizure phenotype. WES identified a heterozygousde novomissense mutation in theGABRA1gene (c.875C>T).GABRA1 encodes the alpha subunit of the Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid receptor A (GABAAR). The GABAAR is a ligand gated ion channel that mediates the fast inhibitory signals of the nervous system and mutations in the sub-units that compose the GABAAR have been previously associated with human disease. To understand the mechanisms by whichGABRA1regulates brain development, we developed a zebrafish model ofgabra1deficiency.gabra1expression is restricted to the nervous system and behavioral analysis of morpholino injected larvae suggests that the knockdown ofgabra1results in hypoactivity and defects in the expression of other sub-units of the GABAAR. Expression the human GABRA1 protein in morphants partially restored the hypomotility phenotype. In contrast, the expression of the c.875C>T variant did not restore these behavioral deficits. Collectively, these results represent a functional approach to understand the mechanisms by which loss of function alleles cause disease.
Fe-S protein assembly involves bipartite client binding and conformational flexibility in the CIA targeting complex
Authors: Kassube Susanne A. , Thomä Nicolas H. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe cytosolic iron sulfur (Fe-S) assembly (CIA) pathway is required for the insertion of Fe-S clusters into cytosolic and nuclear client proteins, including many DNA metabolism proteins. The molecular mechanisms of client protein recognition and Fe-S cluster transfer remain unknown. Here we report crystal structures of the CIA targeting complex and cryo-EM reconstructions of the complex bound either to the DNA replication factor primase or the DNA helicase DNA2. The structures, combined with biochemical, biophysical and yeast complementation assays, reveal an evolutionarily conserved, bipartite client binding mode facilitated by the structural flexibility of the MMS19 subunit. The primase Fe-S cluster is located ∼70 Å away from the catalytic cysteine in the CIA targeting complex, pointing to a conformationally dynamic mechanism of Fe-S cluster transfer. Altogether, our studies suggest a model for Fe-S cluster insertion and thus provide a mechanistic framework to understand the biogenesis of critical DNA replication and repair factors.
Der Dreißigjährige Krieg als Motor der Staatsbildung? Heeresverfassung und Herrschaftsverdichtung in Europa in der ersten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Querengässer Alexander 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der 400. Jahrestag des Beginns des Dreißigjährigen Krieges brachte eine Reihe neuer Publikationen hervor, die mitunter alte Thesen aufwärmten. So bekräftigte Johannes Burkhardt sein Modell vom Dreißigjährigen Krieg als „Staatsbildungskrieg“. Der vorliegende Aufsatz diskutiert die Probleme, die mit diesem Modellbegriff einhergehen. Der Dreißigjährige Krieg wird hierbei sowohl als Schubgeber als auch Hemmnis für den Staatsbildungsprozess analysiert. Demnach lassen sich die Aufstände der Vereinigten Niederlande und Böhmens nicht als Staatsbildungsversuche verstehen, sondern als Abspaltungsprozesse aus althergebrachten Dynastieverbänden. Desweiteren werden unter Staatsbildung auch innere Prozesse, ein Ausbau der Verwaltung und eine zunehmende herrschaftlich-staatliche Durchdringung verstanden. Vor und während des Dreißigjährigen Krieges lässt sich dagegen eine Schwächung des frühmodernen Staates ausmachen, welche in vielen Ländern auf die konfessionellen Spaltungen des 16. Jahrhunderts zurückzuführen war. Bestenfalls kam es im Dreißigjährigen Krieg zur Wiederherstellung einer Form frühneuzeitlicher Staatlichkeit, wie sie Frankreich bereits unter den Valois-Königen und das Reich unter Karl V. gekannt hatten.
Vom „Kindersegen“ zur „Familienplanung“? Eine Wissensgeschichte reproduktiven Entscheidens in der Moderne 1890–1990
Authors: Heinemann Isabel 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ab wann galt biologische Reproduktion in modernen westlichen Gesellschaften als Gegenstand einer bewussten Entscheidung und nicht länger als „Schicksal“ oder „Fluch“? Ist die Entscheidbarkeit von Fortpflanzung vielleicht gerade ein Kennzeichen von modernen Gesellschaften? Der Artikel untersucht das Zusammenspiel dreier Faktoren, welche, so die Ausgangshypothese, die Entscheidbarkeit von Reproduktion überhaupt erst ermöglichen: Es sind dies erstens Wissen über Empfängnis und Familienplanung, zweites rechtliche Normen, die eine bewusste Steuerung der Fortpflanzung zulassen, und drittens familiale Werte/Geschlechternormen, die vor allem Frauen Handlungsräume für Fortpflanzungsentscheidungen eröffnen. Reproduktives Entscheiden selbst wird verstanden als bewusster Vorgang der Wahl zwischen zwei oder mehreren Alternativen nach einer Phase der Reflexion. Der Beitrag geht aus von der US-Gesellschaft der „Hochmoderne“ (1890–1990), diskutiert jedoch auch Querverbindungen zu anderen westlichen Gesellschaften. Als Quellen dienen Expertinnen- und Expertendiskurse, rechtliche Rahmensetzungen und individuelle Entscheidungsnarrative. Am Ende steht eine Periodisierung der sich verändernden Rahmenbedingungen, Praxen und Legitimationsdiskurse reproduktiven Entscheidens im 20. Jahrhundert. Es zeigt sich einerseits, dass die Optionen reproduktiven Entscheidens in der Moderne durch Wissen, Technologie und veränderte Normen und Werte erwartungsgemäß ansteigen. Zugleich erweist sich aber auch die Persistenz von Faktoren wie Expertenwissen, traditionellen Familienwerten und vor allem den Ungleichheitskategorien Race, Class und Gender, welche die Entscheidungsspielräume für Frauen, Paare und Familien gerade in der Moderne nachhaltig einschränken.
Predictors of behaviour change for unhealthy sleep patterns among Indian dental students
Authors: Sharma Ankur , Jain Meena , Nahar Vinayak K. , Sharma Manoj 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objective
The present study aimed at determining predictors of sleep behaviour change among dental students using the multi-theory model (MTM) of health behaviour change in India.

Methods
This study was conducted among 535 students of a dental college in India. Predictors of sleep behaviour change were assessed using a validated 30-item questionnaire. Theoretical predictors of sleep behaviour were modelled using multiple linear regression.

Results
The response rate was 95.10%. A total of 449 of 535 students filled in the form, out of which 127 (28.30%) were inadequate sleepers. Inadequate sleep behaviour showed a strong preponderance within the male population (81.9%). The percentage of inadequate sleepers was highest in second year undergraduates and those obtaining between 60 and 69.9% marks in previous exams. For the initiation model, the standardised regression coefficients (β) for the three constructs – participatory dialogue, behavioural confidence and change in physical environment were 0.050 [p = 0.579, 95% (confidence interval)CI: −0.039 to 0.070], 0.213 (p = 0.019, 95% CI: 0.029–0.320) and 0.062 (p = 0.496, 95% CI: −0.073 to 0.149), respectively. For the sustenance model, β for emotional transformation, practice for change and changes in social environment was 0.192 (p = 0.047, 95% CI: 0.002–0.250), 0.175 (p = 0.091, 95% CI: −0.024 to 0.318) and 0.046 (p = 0.623, 95% CI: −0.094 to 0.157), respectively.

Conclusion
Improving behavioural confidence and bringing about emotional transformation were significant predictors for a reduction in inadequate sleep behaviour in dental students. Working on these predictors may improve sleep behaviours in dental students.
Optical wavefront shaping based on functional metasurfaces
Authors: Wei Qunshuo , Huang Lingling , Zentgraf Thomas , Wang Yongtian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Regarded as a kind of smart surfaces, metasurfaces can arbitrarily tailor the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light. Metasurfaces usually consist of subwavelength nanoantenna or nanoresonator arrays, which are delicately designed and processed. As an ultrathin, miniaturized versatile wavefront modulation device, metasurfaces have great information capacity and can arouse the future development of highly integrated micronano optoelectronic systems. Exploiting the advantages of ultrasmall pixels, flexible design freedom, low loss, and easy processing properties, metasurfaces provide potential feasibility and new perspectives for a plethora of applications. Here we review the research progress of metasurfaces for holographic displays, polarization conversion, active modulation, linear and nonlinear wavefront modulation, and prospect the future development trend of metasurfaces.
Gut dysbiosis and serotonin: intestinal 5-HT as a ubiquitous membrane permeability regulator in host tissues, organs, and the brain
Authors: Szőke Henrik , Kovács Zoltán , Bókkon István , Vagedes Jan , Szabó Attila Erdőfi , Hegyi Gabriella , Sterner Martin-Günther , Kiss Ágnes , Kapócs Gábor 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The microbiota and microbiome and disruption of the gut-brain axis were linked to various metabolic, immunological, physiological, neurodevelopmental, and neuropsychiatric diseases. After a brief review of the relevant literature, we present our hypothesis that intestinal serotonin, produced by intestinal enterochromaffin cells, picked up and stored by circulating platelets, participates and has an important role in the regulation of membrane permeability in the intestine, brain, and other organs. In addition, intestinal serotonin may act as a hormone-like continuous regulatory signal for the whole body, including the brain. This regulatory signal function is mediated by platelets and is primarily dependent on and reflects the intestine’s actual health condition. This hypothesis may partially explain why gut dysbiosis could be linked to various human pathological conditions as well as neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Large-scale structures in stratified turbulent Couette flow and optimal disturbances
Authors: Zasko Grigory V. , Glazunov Andrey V. , Mortikov Evgeny V. , Nechepurenko Yuri M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDirect numerical simulation data of a stratified turbulent Couette flow contains two types of organized structures: rolls arising at neutral and close to neutral stratifications, and layered structures which manifest themselves as static stability increases. It is shown that both types of structures have spatial scales and forms that coincide with the scales and forms of the optimal disturbances of the simplified linear model of the Couette flow with the same Richardson numbers.
Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity following long-term prenatal exposure of paracetamol in the neonatal rat: is betaine protective?
Authors: Özkoç Mete , Karimkhani Hadi , Kanbak Güngör , Burukoğlu Dönmez Dilek 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Paracetamol is one of the widely used antipyretic and analgesic drug around the world. Many researchers showed that paracetamol caused to hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity.

Objective
In the present study, we aimed to determine whether betaine has protective effects on hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in neonate rats, following to long term maternal paracetamol exposure.

Materials and methods
Randomly chosen neonates, from the neonate pools, were divided into three groups; Control (n=13), APAP (n=13), and APAP+Betaine (n=13). Physiological saline, paracetamol (30 mg/kg/day), and paracetamol (30 mg/kg/day)+betaine (800 mg/kg/day) were orally administered to the relevant groups during the pregnancy period (approximately 21 day). Following to the birth, neonates were decapitated under anaesthesia and tissue samples were taken for biochemical and histological analyses.

Results
The statistical analysis showed that, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels increase significantly in APAP group, while paraoxonase, arylesterase activity and glutathione levels decrease. After the betaine administration, glutathione levels, paraoxonase and arylesterase activities increased while malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels decreased in APAP+betaine group. These biochemical findings also were supported by histological results.

Conclusion
In this study, our biochemical and histological findings indicate that betaine can protect the tissue injury caused by paracetamol.