bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Depth-Dependent Local Magnitude Scale for New Zealand Earthquakes Consistent with Moment Magnitude
Authors: Rhoades David A. , Christophersen Annemarie , Bourguignon Sandra , Ristau John , Salichon Jérôme 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTA new reference attenuation model for calculating local magnitude (ML) for New Zealand earthquakes is derived. An earlier reference model, denoted NZ16, was developed in 2016 as a possible alternative to the classical reference model used by GeoNet for earthquakes located by the SeisComP processing system since January 2012. It aimed to provide a logA0 attenuation relation of the amplitude with the hypocentral distance applicable to the New Zealand region and to make ML more consistent with moment magnitude (Mw). For the present update, denoted NZ20, a much larger set of regional moment tensor solutions and corresponding station amplitudes is available. Residual analysis is used to screen the individual station amplitude readings and then to exclude observations from periods of time when the station residuals were consistently anomalous. Effects of other possible sources of bias on the attenuation relation are also examined, including unreliable locations of earthquakes with large azimuthal gaps and the saturation of ML in large earthquakes. An extra explanatory variable is added to the attenuation relation to account for dependence on hypocentral depth, so the updated local magnitude is consistent with Mw across the full range of depths at which earthquakes occur in New Zealand. Furthermore, to counteract possible sources of bias, the data set for analysis is restricted. Earthquakes above the approximate amplitude saturation threshold of Mw 6.6, as well as those with azimuthal gaps greater than 270°, are excluded.
A Pandemia do Covid-19 e o Descortinamento das Vulnerabilidades da População LGBTQI+ Brasileira
Authors: MIRANDA MARCELO HENRIQUE GONÇALVES DE , GRANJEÃO FERNANDA DO NASCIMENTO , MONTENEGRO FRANCISCO FERREIRA PIRES DE ALBUQUERQUE 
Published: December 2020

RESUMOO artigo tem como objetivo mapear as facetas de vulnerabilidade que marcam o público LGBTQI+ brasileiro, potencializadas pela pandemia do SARS-CoV-2. A partir da Análise de Conteúdo se buscou categorizar as mensagens veiculadas nos dados coletados pelo Coletivo #VoteLGBT (2020), nos dados produzidos pela OutRight Action International e nos dados da Associação Nacional de Travestis e Transexuais, a fim de identificar pontos nodais de vulnerabilidade notáveis à população LGBTQI+ brasileira e demonstrar um padrão de vulnerabilidade e de invisibilidade que ressoa e encontra semelhança em outros países. Perspectivas teóricas contemporâneas abordadas no estudo apontam que em um cenário permeado por tradições coloniais, exploratórias e discriminatórias há uma diferenciação entre vidas que merecem ser preservadas e vidas que são descartáveis. Por fim, foram trazidas iniciativas capitaneadas pela sociedade como boas práticas para evitar a perpetuação do silenciamento das vozes LGBTQI+.Palavras-chave: Covid-19. LGBTQI+. Vulnerabilidades. Pandemia. SARS-CoV-2 The Covid-19 Pandemic and the Exposure of the LGBTQI + Brazilian Population VulnerabilitiesABSTRACT The article aims to map the vulnerability facets that mark Brazilian LGBTQI+ public, enhanced by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Based on Content Analysis, the messages conveyed in the data collected by the Collective #VoteLGBT (2020), by OutRight Action International and by the National Association of Transvestites and Transsexuals were categorized in order to identify nodal points of vulnerability notable to LGBTQI + Brazilian population, demonstrating a pattern of vulnerability and invisibility that resonates and finds similarity in other countries. Contemporary theoretical perspectives addressed in the study point out that in a scenario permeated by colonial, exploratory and discriminatory traditions, there is a differentiation between lives that deserve to be preserved and lives that are disposable. Finally, initiatives led by society were brought up as good practices to avoid the perpetuation of the silencing of LGBTQI + voices.Keywords: Covid-19. LGBTQI+. Vulnerabilities. Pandemic. SARS-CoV-2.
Technical framework for wastewater-based epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 based on relative quantification via qPCR
Authors: Wu Jinyong , Wang Zizheng , Lin Yufei , Zhang Lihua , Chen Jing , Li Panyu , Liu Wenbin , Wang Yabo , Yao Changhong , Yang Kun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has greatly affected people’s normal production, living, social and economic activities. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is expected to become a powerful tool to monitor the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 at the community level, which has attracted the attention of scholars all over the world. However, there is not yet a standard protocol to guide its implementation. In this paper, we attempt to propose a technical framework of relative quantification for determining the virus abundance in wastewater and estimating the infection rate in corresponding communities, which is expected to achieve horizontal and vertical comparability in virtue of human-specific biomarkers as internal references. A comprehensive theoretical framework for relative quantification of viruses by qPCR is provided and discussed in detail. Critical factors affecting the virus detectability in wastewater and the estimation of infection rate include virus concentration methods, lag-period, per capita virus shedding amount, sewage generation rate, temperature-related decay kinetics of virus/biomarkers in wastewater, and hydraulic retention time (HRT), etc. Theoretical simulation shows that the main factors affecting the detectability of virus in sewage are per capita virus shedding amount and sewage generation rate. While the decay of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage is a relatively slow process, which has limited impact on its detection. Under the ideal condition of high per capita virus shedding amount and low sewage generation rate, WBE can give early warning for single infected person among 400,000 people.
Exploring Quantitative Metagenomics Studies using Oxford Nanopore Sequencing: A Computational and Experimental Protocol
Authors: ALILI Rohia , BELDA Eugeni , CLEMENT Karine , Le Phuong , PRIFTI Edi , ZUCKER Jean-Daniel , WIRTH Thierry 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The gut microbiome plays a major role in chronic diseases, several of which are characterized by an altered diversity and composition of bacterial communities. Large-scale sequencing projects allowed the characterization of these microbial community perturbations. However, a gap remains in how these discoveries can be translated into clinical applications. To facilitate routine implementation of microbiome profiling in clinical settings, portable, real-time, and low-cost sequencing technologies are needed.Results: Here, we propose a computational and experimental protocol for whole genome quantitative metagenomics studies of the human gut microbiome with Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology (ONT). We developed a bioinformatic pipeline to process ONT sequences based on the evaluation of different alignment parameters in the estimation of microbial diversity and composition. We also optimized stool collection and DNA extraction methods to maximize read length, a critical parameter for the sequence alignment and classification. Our analytical pipeline was evaluated using simulations of metagenomic communities to reflect naturally occuring compositional variations. We then validated our experimental and analytical pipeline with stool samples from a bariatric surgery cohort sequenced with ONT and Illumina, revealing comparable diversity and microbial composition profiles. These results were compared to those previously obtained with SOLiD sequencing, where differences were observed, possibly explained by variations in library preparation steps. Finally, we found that sequences obtained with ONT allowed assembly of complete genomes for disease-related species.Conclusion: This protocol can be implemented in the clinical or individual setting, bringing rapid personalized whole genome profiling of target microbiome species. Keywords: quantitative metagenomics, microbiome, obesity, gut microbiota, microbial DNA extraction, sequencing, Simulation, Oxford Nanopore Technologies, MinION.
Factors affecting utilization of sexual and reproductive health services among women with disabilities- A mixed-method cross-sectional study from Ilam district, Nepal
Authors: Shiwakoti Rupa , Gurung Yogendra Bahadur , Pathak Ram Sharan , Poudel Ram Chandra , Neupane Sandesh , Thapa Ram Krishna , Deuja Sailendra 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite Sustainable Development Goals explicit call for ensuring “Universal access to Sexual and Reproductive Health(SRH)”, and specific articles in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, women with disabilities(WwD) continue to experience barriers to access SRH services in Nepal. This study assessed factors affecting utilization of SRH services among WwD in Ilam district, Nepal.
Methods
A mixed method cross-sectional study of 384 WwD of reproductive age was conducted in Ilam district, Nepal. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using structured questionnaire. Relationships between utilization of SRH services and associated factors were explored using multivariate logistic regression. In-depth interviews of WwD, key informant interviews of health workers and local political leaders, and focus group discussions with Female Community Health Volunteers were used to collect qualitative data and underwent thematic analysis. Data were analyzed using Health Belief Model.
Results
One in five (15%) WwD had ever utilized SRH services. No need of (57%) and unaware of SRH services (24%) were main reasons for not utilizing SRH services. Majority (81%) of them reported that nearest health facility was not disability-friendly (73%) specifically referring to road (48%). A multivariate analysis showed factors positively associated with utilization of SRH services that included being ever-married (AOR = 121.7, 95% CI: 12.206-1214.338), perceived need of SRH services (AOR = 5.5; 95% CI: 1.419–21.357) and perceived susceptibility to SRH related disease/condition (AOR = 6.0; 95% CI:1.978–18.370). Qualitative findings revealed illiteracy, low economic and social class, lack of information, severity of disability, lack of disability friendly environment (no family support, distant health facility, inaccessible-infrastructure, stigmatization, bad behavior and attitude of health care providers), perception that SRH is needed only for married, and negative individual perception towards SRH (no need of SRH services, not susceptible to SRH related disease/condition and SRH disease/condition is not severe) as barriers to utilization of SRH services among WwD.
Conclusions
Utilization of SRH services among WwD was very low in Ilam district, Nepal. Promoting awareness raising program, ensuring disability-friendly environment, and prioritizing SRH services irrespective of marital status could increase SRH service utilization among WwD.
Research and Development of an Augmented Reality Visual Image-Guided Radiotherapy Positioning Technology
Authors: Chunying Li , Zhenda Lu , Mu He , Jianfeng Sui , Tao Lin , Kai Xie , Jiawei Sun , Xinye Ni 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objective: This study is conducted to explore the development of a noninvasive and nonradiative guided radiotherapy positioning system based on augmented reality (AR) technology to increase positioning accuracy and completely eradicate positioning errors.Method: The development system includes three monitors and supporting equipment. The 3D virtual model is obtained by 3D reconstruction of the radiotherapy plan data set and is superimposed on the correct treatment position of the real treatment environment by using augmented reality production software. This approach provides the standard for the patient's positioning and guides the patient. The position of the patient then coincides with the 3D virtual model through the visual image method, and positioning error of the radiotherapy position is reduced.Results: A total of nine cases are included in this study, namely, three patients who require head and neck radiotherapy and six patients who require chest and abdomen radiotherapy. According to experimental results, no statistical difference exists between AR-guided positioning and manual positioning for patients requiring head and neck radiotherapy. However, AR-guided positioning can keep errors of x-axis, y-axis and z-axis within small ranges, such as -0.092–0.072, -0.052–0.228, and -0.192–0.05 cm, respectively. For patients requiring chest and abdomen radiotherapy, AR-guided positioning is not statistically different from manual positioning on the x-axis, but statistical differences were found on the y-axis and z-axis. The errors of AR-guided positioning on y-axis and z-axis are much smaller than those of manual positioning.Conclusions: The AR visual image guided radiotherapy set-up system can increase radiotherapy positioning accuracy well, especially for patients requiring chest and abdomen radiotherapy.
Molecular Epidemiology Characteristics of Brucella Abortus Strains in China and Their Relationships With World Lineages
Authors: Wang Xu-Ming , Zhao Zhongzhi , Wang Miao , Cui Buyun , Liu Zhiguo , Li Zhenjun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Brucella abortus is a facultative intracellular Gram-negative bacterium that causes chronic persistent infections in humans and livestock. In this study, conventional bio-typing, multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), and whole-genome sequencing-single-nucleotide polymorphism (WGS-SNP) were used to investigate the molecular epidemiology characteristics of Brucella abortus strains in China and their relationships to world lineages. Results A total of 100 strains were collected from 1953 to 2013, suggesting that B. abortus circulated in China in the past five decades. Moreover, most strains were mainly distributed in the Northwest areas, suggest that provinces in the Northwest were a dominant epidemic area of this disease. During this period, seven biovars were found, indicating that B. abortus had a high diversity of biovars and it is also a potential reason for the disease ongoing spread in the Northern provinces. Strains have high genetic diversity, and bruce07 is the most helpful locus for genotyping of this population. Moreover, 17 MLVA-11 genotypes were found; 13 of them are of known genotypes and four are unassigned genotypes, indicating that B. abortus in this study had several geographic origins. Still, strains from unassigned genotypes may originate from China. Many shared MLVA-16 genotypes were observed in strains from the same provinces in Northern China, which confirmed a B. abortus brucellosis outbreak within Northern regions. WGS-SNP analysis showed that eight Chinese strains formed a ladder-like phylogram (C. Ⅶ) with strains from nine countries, including Uganda, Iraq, Russia, Georgia, Spain, Italy, Egypt, Mongolia, and China; suggest that strains were introduced to these countries from a single source. Conclusions Chinese B. abortus strains had high biovars and genetic diversity as well as represent characteristics of multiple geographic origins, and B. abortus strains from several mainly epidemic areas were closely related to strains from Russia and Mongolia; frequent animal (cattle) trade and exchanges may promote this process. We will provide new and valuable information to strengthening surveillance and control of B. abortus brucellosis in China.
Increased Frequency of β Cells with Abnormal NKX6.1 Expression in Type 2 Diabetes but not in Subjects with Higher Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Liu Tengli , Sun Peng , Zou Jiaqi , Wang Le , Wang Guanqiao , Liu Na , Liu Yaojuan , Ding Xuejie , Zhang Boya , Liang Rui , Wang Shusen , Shen Zhongyang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: NKX6.1 is a transcription factor for insulin, as well as a marker for β cell maturity. Abnormal NKX6.1 expression in β cells, such as translocation from the nucleus to cytoplasm or lost expression, has been shown as a marker for β cell dedifferentiation.Methods: We obtained pancreatic sections from organ donors and immunofluorescence staining with NKX6.1 and insulin was performed to characterize NKX6.1 expression in subjects with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Results: Our results showed that cells with insulin expression but no nucleic NKX6.1 expression (NKX6.1Nuc-Ins+), and cells with cytoplasmic NKX6.1 expression but no insulin expression (NKX6.1cytIns-) were significantly increased in T2DM subjects and positively correlated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), indicating the elevated β cell dedifferentiation with NKX6.1 inactivation in T2DM. To investigate whether β cell dedifferentiation has initiated in subjects with higher risks for T2DM, we next analyzed the association between β-cell dedifferentiation level in ND subjects with different ages, body mass index, and HbA1c. The results showed the absolute number and percentage of dedifferentiated β cells with NKX6.1 inactivation did not significantly change in subjects with advanced aging, obesity, or modest hyperglycemia, indicating that the β cell dedifferentiation might mainly occur after T2DM was diagnosed.Conclusion: Our results suggested that NKX6.1 expression in β cells was changed in type 2 diabetic subjects, evidenced by significantly increased NKX6.1Nuc-Ins+ and NKX6.1cytIns- cells. This abnormality did not occur more frequently in subjects with a higher risk for T2DM, suggesting that β cell dedifferentiation might be secondary to the pathological changes in T2DM.
PacBio full-length transcriptome of wild apple (Malus sieversii) provides insights into canker disease dynamic response
Authors: Liu Xiaojie , Li Xiaoshuang , Wen Xuejing , Zhang Yan , Ding Yu , Zhang Yiheng , Gao Bei , Zhang Daoyuan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Cytospora canker is a serious disease in the stem of Malus sieversii, caused by Cytospora mali. However, little is known about the global response mechanism in M. sieversii to C. mali infection. Results: Phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) profiles and transcriptome analysis were used to elaborate on the dynamic response mechanism. We determined that the JA was initially produced to respond to the necrotrophic pathogen C. mali infection at the early response stage, then get synergistically transduced with SA to respond at the late response stage. Furthermore, we adopted Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) full-length sequencing to identify differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) during the canker response stage. We obtained 52,538 full-length transcripts, of which 8,139 were DETs. Total 1,336 lncRNAs, 23,737 alternative polyadenylation (APA) sites and 3,780 putative transcription factors (TFs) were identified. Additionally, functional annotation analysis of DETs indicated that the wild apple response to the infection of C. mali involves plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, flavonoid biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The co-expression network of the differentially expressed TFs revealed 264 candidate TF transcripts. Among these candidates, the WRKY family was the most abundant. The MsWRKY7 and MsWRKY33 were highly correlated at the early response stage, and MsWRKY6, MsWRKY7, MsWRKY19, MsWRKY33, MsWRKY40, MsWRKY45, MsWRKY51, MsWRKY61, MsWRKY75 were highly correlated at the late stage. Conclusions: The full-length transcriptomic analysis revealed a series of immune responsive events in M. sieversii in response to C. mali infection. The phytohormone signal pathway regulatory played an important role in the response stage. Additionally, the enriched disease resistance pathways and differentially expressed TFs dynamics collectively contributed to the immune response. This study provides valuable insights into a dynamic response in M. sieversii upon the necrotrophic pathogen C. mali infection, facilitates understanding of response mechanisms to canker disease for apple, and provides supports in the identification of potential resistance genes in M. sieversii.
Significance of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Containing Compounds in New Drug Development
Authors: Rana Kavita , Salahuddin  , Sahu Jagdish K. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Oxadiazole core displays various pharmacological properties among five
membered nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, specially 1,3,4-oxadiazole containing molecules that
have occupied a particular place in the field of synthetic medicinal chemistry as surrogates (bioisosteres)
of carboxylic acids, carboxamides and esters. Moreover, they are having widespread kind
of applications in numerous zones as polymers, as luminescence producing materials and as electron-
transporting materials and corrosion inhibitors.

Methods:
This study contains comprehensive and extensive literature survey on chemical reactivity
and biological properties associated with 1,3,4-oxadiazole containing compounds.

Results:
This review summarises 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety in numerous compounds with reported
pharmacological activity such as antiviral, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant,
insecticidal and anti-parasitic, etc. Nevertheless, ring opening reactions of the 1,3,4-oxadiazole
core have also made great attention, as they produce new analogues containing an aliphatic nitrogen
atom and to other ring systems.

Conclusion:
In relation to the occurrence of oxadiazoles in biologically active molecules, 1,3,4-
oxadiazole core emerges as a structural subunit of countless significance and usefulness for the development
of new drug aspirants applicable to the treatment of many diseases. It concludes that
1,3,4-oxadiazole core compounds are more efficacious and less toxic medicinal agents with respect
to new opinions in the search for rational strategies.
CONSTRUINDO A APRENDIZAGEM A PARTIR DO MUNDO DA ARTE, BRINCADEIRA E MUSICA
Authors: Martins Sandra da Silva 
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho consiste no relato de um projeto educacional realizado com alunos do Pré II, em uma escola da rede Municipal da cidade de Jaguarão Rs. As práticas docentes foram desenvolvidas com os objetivos de analisar as contribuições dos planos de aulas organizados, a partir do principio do fio condutor “Construindo a Aprendizagem a Partir do Mundo da Arte, Brincadeira e Música”, a fim de provocar os alunos à reflexão para que reconstruíssem suas aprendizagens. Abordar-se-á, Metodologias e atividades desenvolvidas com a turma durante o projeto. Ao final de cada plano de aula é apresentado as reflexões acerca da prática docente e construção de aprendizagens pelos alunos. Para fundamentar utilizou-se o Referencial Curricular para a educação infantil (1998), Hernandez (1998), Tardif (2007). Este trabalho contribuiu para que todos os alunos se envolvessem com as atividades propostas, pois os conteúdos trabalhados apresentavam sentido para a vida dos mesmos. Com este percebeu-se a importância de organizar, planejar aulas que vão ao encontro do que o aluno já sabe, fazendo com que construam novos conhecimentos. Sendo assim, espera-se que por meio destas experiências no ambiente escolar, possa-se contribuir com reflexões para ampliar as questões que envolvem aulas planejadas a partir do tema Arte, Musica e brincadeiras. Palavras-Chave: Aprendizagem. Planejamento. Prática docente.