bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global distribution and cleanup opportunities for macro ocean litter: a quarter century of accumulation dynamics under windage effects
Authors: Ko Chia-Ying , Hsin Yi-Chia , Jeng Ming-Shiou 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Ocean litter is of growing global concern, and its impacts on marine environments and ecosystems are expected to increase further this century. From a management perspective, natural drifting of macro ocean litter to or near the coast may have a relatively easier opportunity to be cleaned up directly from land, which then helps eliminate litter sufficiently and reduces the associated societal costs. However, quantitative descriptions both of the potential arrival areas of accumulation and of the cumulative impacts of ocean litter and services are lacking. The wind is critical to restructuring litter distributions in locations greatly different from those within the gyres where litter is typically found, prompting strong concerns regarding previously ignored areas, especially the equatorial zone and northern polar regions. As the windage increases, litter is transported across oceans, and polar oceans would become a litter sink instead of a source when litter is simulated to originate from both offshore and coastal areas. Different proportions of offshore- and coastal-source litter exhibit different terminal configurations, including floating offshore, floating near the coast and washed ashore. Notably, depending on windage, 78.4%–94.0% and 54.1%–56.1% offshore- and coastal-source litter continue moving in the oceans. Furthermore, important consequences associated with global marine biodiversity priority areas and litter accumulation are identified, as are substantial increases in influences on phytoplankton biomass with increasing windage. The results not only improve our understandings of macro ocean litter accumulation but also reveal opportunities for proactive prevention and planning of cleanup efforts with relatively low costs regardless of the ocean litter’s offshore or coastal origins and can provide support for regional-to-global actions and policies addressing the contemporary impacts of macro ocean litter on environments.
Topography, drainage capability, and legacy of drought differentiate tropical ecosystem response to and recovery from major hurricanes
Authors: Yu Mei , Gao Qiong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
High-carbon sequestrations of tropical montane forests and coastal mangroves have been greatly disturbed by intensified extreme climate events such as alternating hurricanes and droughts. However, few studies of the hurricane impact have taken into consideration the legacy of past climate events and analyzed the heterogeneity of hurricane impacts between montane forests and coastal mangroves. Here, we studied the impact of Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017 on coastal mangroves and upland forests in Puerto Rico after a severe drought during 2015–2016. We investigated the island-wide immediate impact on greenness using fused vegetation index from Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8, and the impact on and the recovery of 62 homogeneous vegetation patches by deriving an impact index and one-year recovery ratio (RR). A linear mixed-effect model was applied to explore roles of hurricane wind, rainfall, topography, and biological components in the impact and the recovery. Island-wide, the immediate impact is highly spatial-heterogeneous. Although most of the island was browned, a green-up strip in the dry south showed benefits from the hurricane rain which relieved the prior drought stress. Coastal mangroves experienced the greatest impact and slowest recovery with relative recovery of 0.44 compared to recovery greater than 0.70 for upland forests, and evergreen forests sustained significantly more damage than deciduous forests. The recovery of evergreen forests was on average 11 days earlier and faster than that of mangroves. Mangrove recovery was mostly limited by inundation-related factors such as elevation, slope, and drainage capacity. While higher elevation relates to slower recovery for upland forests, it favors mangrove recovery. Particularly, mangrove recovery is facilitated by river presence, explaining 65% variation in RR. The differentiated response, recovery, and underlying mechanisms highlighted a complicated array of external forces, geophysical/ biological modulators, and legacy of past climate events in determining and understanding hurricanes’ impact on tropical ecosystems.
The potential of buoyant fish attractor (BFA) substrates in supporting aufwuchs growth as a new food source in euphotic zones of Lake Maninjau
Authors: Nofdianto  
Published: August 2020

Abstract
“Buoyant Fish Attractor” (BFA) is an artificial floating substrate placed in the euphotic zone of a lake. This substrate is expected to support the conservation of native fish in a lake. The BFA used in this study was an inverted pyramid which was made of wood or bamboo with a size of about 200 cm in length, 200 cm in width, 80 cm in height and equipped with PVC pipes as a buoy. Three types of a substrate mounted on BFA were wood frames, plastic brushes with 40 cm in length and a diameter of 15 cm, and palm fibers placed in six brick roster. Aufwuch samplings were carried out by four times after a month of BFA installation: in July, August, September, and November 2018. The result showed that on the wood media 37 taxa of benthic microalgae were identified which was consisted of Bacillariophyta 55%, Chlorophyta 18%, Cyanophyta 25 %, Protista 2% and dominated by Synedra ulna. On plastic brush media, 11 taxa of invertebrates were identified: Insecta 72%, Crustacea 18%, Annelida 5%, Bryozoa 5%, Mollusca 0.3% dominated by Chironomus sp. On the palm fiber media, 16 taxa of invertebrates were identified: Crustacea 85%, Insecta 7%, Annelida 6%, and Mollusca 2%, dominated by Chydorus sp. Buoyant Fish Attractor (BFA) has a potential to support the growth of aufwuch as a new food source in the lake’s euphotic zone. The variety of media installed on BFA technology could affect the structure and composition of the aufwuch community.
The effect of anthrophogenic changes on the sustainability of eastern sumatran floodplain fisheries resources
Authors: Husnah  , Prianto E , Marini M , Aisyah  , Triharyuni S , Purwoko R M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Every human (anthrophogenic) activity along a river system has potential to influence on quantity and quality of aquatic environment and its organisms. Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of these activities on fisheries resources. This paper examines the effect of anthropogenic changes on floodplain ecosystem of Eastern Sumatran fisheries. Fisheries data presented in this paper are derived from a desk study and multi-year field surveys conducted in three provinces; these were Giam Siak Kecil (GSK), Riau Province, and Batanghari River, Jambi Province (2010 to 2016) and Lempuing River, South Sumatra Province (2011-2013, 2016). In GSK, the results showed that there was a tendency for fish size to decrease along the river with decreasing riparian forest and increasing fishing intensity. In the Lempuing floodplain, fisheries degradation had occurred as a result of human activities such as conversion of land area for plantation, unpredictable flood pulses due to the Perjaya irrigation dam, high fishing intensity, and the use of un-friendly fishing gear. The number of fish species, here, decreased dramatically from 90 species in 1981 to 32 fish species in 2011, a decrease of 60% over three decades. In addition, total fish production decreased from 60 tonnes per year before 1996 to 12 tonnes per year in 2012, while the number of uneconomical and small sized fish caught increased. Decreases in fish diversity, size and catch rate were found in Jambi. Fish composition was dominated by small size blackfish (snakehead, climbing perch and Asian redtail catfish). Anthrophogenic activities contributed significantly to the degradation of floodplain fisheries resources, especially in relation to a decrease in forest cover due to fires that occurred between 1996 an 2000. An integrated management plan should be considered in the long term to support the Sustainable Development Goals for floodplain fisheries.
Water quality assessment of Bukit Merah Reservoir, Malaysia using mathematical modeling
Authors: Mokhtar M Z , Sofiana M S , Wan Maznah W O , Teh S Y 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Bukit Merah Reservoir (BMR), Perak is the oldest man-made reservoir in Malaysia, situated in Kerian District, northern part of Perak, Malaysia, purposely to provide irrigation water to Kerian Irrigation Scheme (KIS) for rice cultivation. Thus, a study focuses on the determination of the current water quality status of the reservoir was conducted in November 2018 and February 2019 as a representative for the wet and dry season, respectively, in order to assist the prediction of the water quality in BMR and its impact towards the ecosystem. Five sampling stations were chosen to provide a general overview of physico-chemical profile in BMR. Physico-chemical parameters (i.e.: temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, and water transparency) were measured in situ whereas in the laboratory, total suspended solids, chlorophyll-a, and nutrient analysis were done in accordance to APHA (2005). The concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were simulated in a graph using Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP). Based on the analysis conducted throughout the study, the result indicated that the temperature, pH, chlorophyll-a, orthophosphate, and nitrate-nitrogen were higher in November 2018 compared to February 2019 which is 31.3°C, 6.8, 0.0533 µg/L, 0.0158 mg/L, and 0.1731 mg/L, respectively. One-way ANOVA showed that temperature and pH were significantly different between stations (p<0.05). WASP was used to validate the calculation to make sure that other parameters including DO saturation level, BOD loading, BOD decay rate, and reaeration rate values are reflected in the simulation graph. As for the initial study, this model reflects the current condition of DO and BOD level in the reservoir, but in future the reservoir should be divided into segments in order to obtain a more realistic prediction. The accuracy of the predictions can be improved with more input of water quality data.
The application of PlanetScope imagery to map out the trophic state of Cirata Reservoir, West Java
Authors: Musfiroh Z , Ridwansyah I , Murti B S S H 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cirata Reservoir is one of the cascade dams in the Citarum Watershed located in three regencies of West Bandung, Cianjur, and Purwakarta. Surface water condition of the Cirata Reservoir is occupied by floating net cages, thus the waste from those activities could affect its trophic state. The purpose of this study is to assess the ability of PlanetScope imagery to map out trophic state parameters and trophic state condition during the rainy season using the Trophic State Index (TSI) method by Carlson (1977). The Carlson’s TSI parameter contains water transparency (Secchi depth) chlorophyll-a, and total phosphorus based on the empirical formula generated from the regression model between image bands with field survey data. Results of the analysis showed that water transparency is strongly correlated with the red band (R2 = 0.60) with an accuracy level of 77.51-81.62%. Chlorophyll-a is strongly correlated with green band (R2 = 0.71) with an accuracy level of 34.69-58.31%, and the total phosphorus is strongly correlated with red band (R2 = 0.65) with an accuracy level of -66.71-5.11%. The result of the three parameters combination reveals that the trophic state of Cirata Reservoir is in the medium eutrophic to hypereutrophic with the largest distribution in the heavy eutrophic class. The results of the accuracy-test indicated that the PlanetScope imagery is able to be used to estimate the parameters of water transparency and chlorophyll-a, whereas the total phosphorus parameter got low accuracy.
Internal wave depiction in Lake Maninjau from high frequency temperature data
Authors: Jasalesmana T , Sunaryani A , Wisesa E T , Melati I , Fakhrudin M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Water column of Lake Maninjau has a thermal stratification which sensitive to varying conditions of weather variables, especially to wind forcing. When water column stratified, wind forcing will initiate an internal wave generation in water column. Internal wave has a significant role in physical, chemical and biological processes in lakes. The aim of this study was to illustrate the internal wave in Lake Maninjau. Temperature data and wind speeds were collected from environmental monitoring and warnings system (e-most) device and weather stations of UPT LATPD Maninjau, respectively. The observation periods were conducted for 10 days (April, 1-10 2017). Strong stratification significantly appears in the beginning of observation period. Internal wave drawn from the temperature oscillations at a depth of 1, 9, 14 and 25 m with a vertical V2H1 mode. Our analysis showed that internal waves resonate with wind speed at the frequency of 6.9 × 10−3 cyc/minutes (23.9-h period).
Hydrological Study The Upstream Part of Siak Watershed (Case Study: Tapung Kanan River & Tapung Kiri River)
Authors: Mashuri  , Kiranaratri A H 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Hydrological analysis is very important in the scientific development of water resources. In the planning and maintenance of civil structures water, the design flood discharge needs to be assessed. Tapung Kanan River and Tapung Kiri River are the upper reaches of the Siak Watershed. The distribution of rainfall around the river fits the gumbel distribution and meets the criteria in the chi square test and the Kolmogorov test. Hyetograph design rain uses the distribution of rain patterns in the Water Research Center with a duration of 3 hours. Based on the reliability of the synthetic unit hydrograph (SUH) ITB-1, the two rivers showed good performance with an average volume accuracy of 98.09% and an average volume/DRO control ratio of 1,0006. Tapung Kanan River Flood discharge for a period of 10 years obtained 6380.83 m3/sec with a runoff volume of 22,664,541.84 m3 while Tapung Kiri River Flood discharge for a period of 10 years obtained 6207.29 m3/sec with a runoff volume of 22,189,284.58 m3.
Design and Architecture of a Public Satisfaction Detection Camera Based on Facial Emotional Analysis
Authors: Tosima Manullang Martin Clinton , Luky Ramdani Ahmad , Migotuwio Namuri 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
One way to measure customer satisfaction is to involve the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence in the form of mood recognition services provided by Amazon Web Service and the services available to it, such as S3 (Simple Storage Service, a storage service from AWS), Relational Database Services, Rekognition services (An Image Recognition Services), Application Protocol Interface, Lambda Services. The source of input acquisition in this study uses the ESP-EYE device, the ESP32 microcontroller which has a camera. The device is connected to Amazon web service via the internet. Data is stored in a storage service called S3. S3 is used as a storage bucket, where Lambda will be the center of the process that pre-processes the face image data to crop the edge. After the cropping process, lambda will call the Rekognition service to start the Rekognition services process. The relationship of each data is stored in RDS using MariaDB. The results are, that the internet of Customer Satisfaction Systems can be built with the involvement by several products of Amazon Web Services. There is also considerable efficiency after the face image file has been processed by lambda to crop. The output from the system is recorded in the database and sent back to ESP-EYE for display in the serial monitor. The development of this system can be forwarded to an information system that allows each column in the database to be presented in the form of an information system. This system can help to measure customer satisfaction and recapitulate the results without involving the surveyor team so that it will save operational costs and time efficiency.
Design of Palm Seeds Sorting Machine
Authors: Tamrin T , Lanya Budianto , Warji W , Nasrullah N 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The need for oil palm seeds in Indonesia has increased lately. Palm seeds can be grown from the kernel. To get a uniform size kernel requires uniform size seeds. This study aims to design, make a separator of palm seeds so that the size of the uniform seeds. The design phase did using a CAD program to draw engineering drawings. Based on engineering drawings, we analyzed and made prototypes of palm seed sorting machines. The size of the prototype was 182 cm long, 50 cm wide and 94 cm high. This machine sorted seeds into large, medium and small dimensions The test results of 300 seeds consisting of 100 large size seeds, 100 medium size seeds and 100 small size seeds, produced 29.5% large size, 30.8% small size 28.2% small size. The capacity of the machine was 60,2 kg per hour. The palm oil seed sorting machine has an optimum percentage of 88.87%.
Efficacy Dietary Supplementation of Banana Peel Meal on Growth and Cannibalism level of Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobranchium rosenbergii)
Authors: Rakhmawati R , Marlina E , Warji W 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Banana peels contain the amino acid tryptophan which is thought to support growth and suppress cannibalism in giant prawns. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy dietary supplementation of banana peel meal on growth performance and cannibalism level of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobanchium rosenbergii). Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric experimental diets were prepared by supplementing different levels of dietary banana peel meal: a control group, four groups supplemented with banana peel meal (0, 2.5; 5 and 7.5% of weight feed) were fed to triplicate groups with the density of 200 giant prawn m−3. After a 45-day feeding experiment, the growth performance includes weight gain, daily growth rate, feed efficiency, and cannibalism level were measured. Banana peel meal supplementation significantly decreased (P <0.05) cannibalism level at 5% weight feed. In addition, its weight gain and feed efficiency significantly higher but the daily growth rate was not significantly different. The result of the present study suggested that feed efficiency increased and the cannibalism level of giant prawn significantly decreased by feeding diets supplemented with banana peel meal (5% of weight feed).
Financial Feasibility of Liquid Sugar Production from Sago Starch with Enzymatic Hydrolysis Method
Authors: Dewi Hartami , Maryam  , Putri Gustiarini Rika 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The objective of this research was to analyse the feasibility of processing sago starch into liquid sugar product with enzymatic hydrolysis method on the pilot plant scale. Optimization of the production process is carried out by enzymatic hydrolysis with the conditions of the ratio of starch and water is 1: 4, the process of liquidation at 90°C for 90 minutes with the addition of the enzyme α-amylase 1.2 mL kg-1 at pH conditions of 5. Saccharification process with the addition of the enzyme glucoamylase 1.2 mL kg-1 starch at pH 4.5 and temperature 50°C for 72 hours, purification with an ion exchange resin and evaporation with a vacuum evaporator at a pressure of 0.4 atm at 80°C for 90 minutes. Financial analysis was based on the prevailing price in ten years showed that the processing sago starch into liquid sugar product with enzymatic hydrolysis method is viable and profitable as shown by BCR 1.16, NPV of Rp 58,754,955.64, PBP 2 years 11 months, and IRR 34.73%.
Identification of Phenyl Propanoid Compound Isolated from Root Bark Datuan(Ficus vasculosa Wall. Ex Miq) and Antibacterial Activity Test on Escherichia coli
Authors: Bahri S , Ambarwati Y , Marlina L , Utami  
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to identify phenyl propanoid compounds found in the root bark of Datuan (Ficus vasculosa Wall. Ex Miq) and to test the activity of Escherichia coli. Isolation was carried out by maceration method using methanol as a solvent. Then the extract was fractionated by Vacuum Liquid Chromatography and Gravity Column Chromatography methods using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol eluents. The result was obtained a yellow crystal needle orange weighing 20 mg with a melting point of 137°C - 140°C. Separation by TLC method showed that this compound had an Rf value of 0.56 with n-hexane: acetone eluent (6: 4). UV-Vis spectra showed three peaks on 310 nm, 228 nm and 200 nm. IR spectra showed that the isolated compound has unsaturated ester carbonyl groups conjugated with double bonds, aromatic substituted aromatic rings, and hydroxy groups. GC-MS analysis obtained molecular ions M+ = 178. The data of UV-Vis, IR and GC-MS analysis can be concluded that the isolated phenyl propanoid compound is a cinnamic derivative that is methyl p-hydroxycinamic. The results of bioactivity tests on E. Coli showed that the isolated compounds did not have antibacterial activity which was marked by the absence of a clear zone around the paper disk.
The effects of frequency and amplitude of vibration on the mixing and segregation processes in granular materials
Authors: Mahdi Bahaulddin D , Faleh Nadhim M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The mixing and segregation process of almost identical size binary steel-glass mixture within a vertically vibrated container are investigated in this study. The container is designed to allow only one layer of granules inside. In this study, the image processing techniques and particles tracking methods are employed to track the convection flow of granular materials. Six different amounts of frequency (20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 50 Hz) for certain amplitudes are used to study the effects of miscellaneous vibration conditions on the velocity fields of moving beads. The granular bed was divided into three horizontal parts and a separate study was provided for each one. The discrete-element method and EDEM software are employed for simulating the response of steel beads under 2D vertical vibration. Good agreements between simulated and experimental results have been presented in the current work. There are one or two convection cells generated in the vibrated bed for all tests, and the amount of amplitude was the most important factor in determining the number of these cells. The heavier particles tend to move toward the convection cells centers within the container unlike the lighter particles. The average velocity of steel beads increased with amplitude, while it decreased by increasing the frequency of vibration. In addition, the steel beads concentration in the middle region of the container increased with the vibration time.
Experimental Study on Electrodes Types in Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) of High-Speedd Steel
Authors: Aghdeab Shukry H. , Khudhier Waqass S. , Elias Rasha R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is widespread Nontraditional machining (NTM) Processes for manufacturing complicated geometry or very hard metals parts that are difficult to machine by traditional machining operations. Electrical discharge machining is a material removal rate (MRR) process characterized by using electrical discharge erosion. This paper discusses the optimal parameters of EDM on high-speed steel (HSS) AISI M2 as a workpiece using copper and brass as an electrode. The input parameters used for experimental work are Current (10, 24 and 42 A), Pulse duration (100, 150 and 200 µs), and Pulse pause-Time (4,12, and 25 µs) that effect on the material removal rate (MRR), and Electrode Wear Rate(EWR). A Minitab (17) software environment to adopt the Full Factorial Method method to analyze the effect of input on the response of EDM. The results showed that the higher value of MRR and the lower value of EWR offered via the copper electrode. The most influential factor that effect the process response (MRR, and EWR) is pulse current.