bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Caregiver Preferences for Children's Return to School during the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Limbers Christine A. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAmid the COVID‐19 pandemic, there is a need to understand caregiver preferences for their children's instructional format for the start of the 2020 to 2021 academic year. The purpose of the current study was to assess caregiver preferences for on‐campus versus virtual learning at home during the fall and factors associated with these preferences.METHODSParticipants were caregivers of 4436 children and adolescents who were enrolled in pre‐kindergarten through high school at a large, public school district in Texas. Caregivers were asked to complete an anonymous, online survey about their initial preferences for their student's back to the school learning environment.RESULTSCaregivers of high‐ and middle‐school students were more likely to endorse a preference for an on‐campus/virtual hybrid instructional format and less likely to endorse a preference for a traditional, face‐to‐face instructional format compared to caregivers of elementary school students. Regardless of the school level, concerns about child health and safety were the factor most strongly associated with caregiver preferences for on‐campus versus virtual learning at home during the fall.CONCLUSIONSThese data highlight the importance of school re‐opening plans offering virtual options and addressing caregiver concerns about children's health and safety amid the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Association of hepatitis C infection and risk of kidney cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Wu Di , Hu Shiping , Chen Guozi , Chen Longjiao , Liu Jian , Chen Wenlin , Lv Youwen , Chen Xiaoni , Lin Shan , Wu Fenfang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough some epidemiological studies have investigated the association between Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the development of kidney cancer, the results are far from consistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational studies to determine the association. PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane database were searched from 1 January 1975 to 7 January 2020. Study selection, data extraction and bias assessment (using the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale) were performed independently by 2 authors. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random‐effects model. In all, 16 studies (11 cohort studies and 5 case‐control studies) involving a total of 391,071 HCV patients and 38,333,839 non‐HCV controls were included. The overall analysis showed a 47% higher risk to develop kidney cancer among the patients with HCV infection (pooled OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.14‐1.91), despite significant heterogeneity (I2 = 87.6%). The multivariable meta‐regression showed that study design, age, sample size and HIV co‐infection were significant sources of variance, and totally accounted for 82% of the I2. The risk of KC in HCV patients was further increased in studies without HCV/HBV‐ and HCV/HIV‐ co‐infection (pooled OR 1.66; 95%CI 1.23‐2.24). Multiple sensitivity analyses did not change the significant association. The present meta‐analysis indicated that HCV‐infected patients have a significantly higher risk of developing kidney cancer. Our results highlighted the rationale for improved renal surveillance in HCV patients for the early diagnosis of kidney cancer. Further investigations for the mechanisms underlying HCV‐induced kidney cancer are warranted.
Unlocking the phylogenetic diversity, primary habitats, and abundances of free‐living Symbiodiniaceae on a coral reef
Authors: Fujise Lisa , Suggett David J. , Stat Michael , Kahlke Tim , Bunce Michael , Gardner Stephanie G. , Goyen Samantha , Woodcock Stephen , Ralph Peter J. , Seymour Justin R. , Siboni Nachshon , Nitschke Matthew R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae form mutualistic symbioses with marine invertebrates such as reef‐building corals, but also inhabit reef environments as free‐living cells. Most coral species acquire Symbiodiniaceae horizontally from the surrounding environment during the larval and/or recruitment phase, however the phylogenetic diversity and ecology of free‐living Symbiodiniaceae on coral reefs is largely unknown. We coupled environmental DNA sequencing and genus‐specific qPCR to resolve the community structure and cell abundances of free‐living Symbiodiniaceae in the water column, sediment, and macroalgae and compared these to coral symbionts. Sampling was conducted at two time points, one of which coincided with the annual coral spawning event when recombination between hosts and free‐living Symbiodiniaceae is assumed to be critical. Amplicons of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region were assigned to 12 of the 15 Symbiodiniaceae genera or genera‐equivalent lineages. Community compositions were separated by habitat, with water samples containing a high proportion of sequences corresponding to coral symbionts of the genus Cladocopium, potentially as a result of cell expulsion from in hospite populations. Sediment‐associated Symbiodiniaceae communities were distinct, potentially due to the presence of exclusively free‐living species. Intriguingly, macroalgal surfaces displayed the highest cell abundances of Symbiodiniaceae, suggesting a key role for macroalgae in ensuring the ecological success of corals through maintenance of a continuum between environmental and symbiotic populations of Symbiodiniaceae.
Structural and biochemical characterizations of the novel autolysin Acd24020 from Clostridioides difficile and its full‐function catalytic domain as a lytic enzyme
Authors: Sekiya Hiroshi , Tamai Eiji , Kawasaki Jurina , Murakami Kaho , Kamitori Shigehiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAutolysin is a lytic enzyme that hydrolyzes peptidoglycans of the bacterial cell wall, with a catalytic domain and cell wall‐binding (CWB) domains, to be involved in different physiological functions that require bacterial cell wall remodeling. We identified a novel autolysin, Acd24020, from Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile (C. difficile), with an endopeptidase catalytic domain belonging to the NlpC/P60 family and three bacterial Src‐homology 3 domains as CWB domains. The catalytic domain of Acd24020 (Acd24020‐CD) exhibited C. difficile‐specific lytic activity equivalent to Acd24020, indicating that Acd24020‐CD has full‐function as a lytic enzyme by itself. To elucidate the specific peptidoglycan‐recognition and catalytic reaction mechanisms of Acd24020‐CD, biochemical characterization, X‐ray structure determination, a modeling study of the enzyme/substrate complex, and mutagenesis analysis were performed. Acd24020‐CD has an hourglass‐shaped substrate‐binding groove across the molecule, which is responsible for recognizing the direct 3–4 cross‐linking structure unique to C. difficile peptidoglycan. Based on the X‐ray structure and modeling study, we propose a dynamic Cys/His catalyzing mechanism, in which the catalytic Cys299 and His354 residues dynamically change their conformations to complement each step of the enzyme catalytic reaction.
Exploiting microalgal competition ability to acquire nitrogen and light
Authors: Liu Junying , Xia Donghua , Qiu Wen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMicroalgae are ideal phototrophs for many commercial products. Our previous research has leveraged biodiversity concepts to evaluate the effects of competition on dynamics and coexistence of different microalgal species. The originality of the review lies in the envisioning of these state‐of‐the‐art techniques to study a novel issue of how algal species modulate the whole‐cell metabolism and gene expression to yield biomass beyond current limits. Competition is crucial in driving the activity, structure and composition of algal communities which are of central importance to aquatic environment productivity. However, fundamental gaps remain in understanding how algal species compete for light and nitrogen by regulating whole‐cell metabolisms. Moreover, it is unclear how this competitive potential is modulated in algal populations to achieve high biomass production. Despite the principles and applications of competition having been tested theoretically and empirically in many studies, there is still considerable debate and paradoxical observations regarding the key mechanisms that underlie competition for limited nutrients. One reason for the uncertainty is the difficulty in making direct comparisons between species with differing functional traits. Moreover, the lack of available reference genomes for many algal species presents a further hindrance in understanding competitive trait dynamics. The review seeks to improve our understanding of these fundamental problems, which have direct implications in aiding the production of renewable fuels and chemicals via photosynthetic biology. The review also envisions a whole set of omics analysis in the future that would shed light on the poorly defined functions of competition in microalgae.
Accuracy of clinical diagnosis and videodermoscopy in female pattern hair loss
Authors: Mancilla Gener‐Alejandro , Restrepo Rodrigo , Sanclemente Gloria 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundFemale pattern hair loss (FPHL) is a non‐scarring hair disease characterized by progressive hair diminishment and decrease of its density. Although typical cases of FPHL are usually straightforward to diagnose, its initial forms can be unrecognized and often need the use of other diagnostic methods.ObjectiveTo describe the accuracy of a diagnosis of FPHL based on clinical grounds and videodermoscopy compared with scalp biopsy.MethodsAn observational diagnostic test study was performed. Scalp biopsies were read by the same dermatopathologist and processed horizontally to allow follicle's number and size evaluation. Digital videodermoscopy was also performed.ResultsA total of 202 patients were enrolled, but only 35 women were assessed with digital videodermoscopy. When clinical diagnosis was compared to scalp biopsy, a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and a negative predictive value (NPV), of 77% %, 72.4%, 82.2%; and 65.5%, were respectively obtained. Videodermoscopy showed a sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 88.9%, 100%, 100%, and 72.7%, respectively.ConclusionsThis study provided valuable information on the accuracy of clinical examination of FPHL, showed the usefulness of videodermoscopy as a method that in the future may replace scalp biopsy for its diagnosis, or also could aid patient´s follow‐up.
Adjuvant doxorubicin vs metronomic cyclophosphamide and meloxicam vs surgery alone for cats with mammary carcinomas: A retrospective study of 137 cases
Authors: Petrucci Gonçalo N. , Henriques Joaquim , Lobo Luís , Vilhena Hugo , Figueira Ana C. , Canadas‐Sousa Ana , Dias‐Pereira Patrícia , Prada Justina , Pires Isabel , Queiroga Felisbina L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of low dose cyclophosphamide chemotherapy plus meloxicam as an adjuvant treatment, compared with high dose doxorubicin or surgery alone in cats with mammary carcinoma. Medical records of 228 female cats treated for mammary carcinoma between 2008 and 2018, were reviewed in eight veterinary institutions. Only cats with complete tumour staging and radical mastectomy were included in the study. One hundred and thirty‐seven cats were divided into three treatment groups: group 1 (n = 80) cats treated with surgery, group 2 (n = 34) cats that had surgery and adjuvant treatment with doxorubicin, and group 3 (n = 23) cats with surgery and adjuvant treatment with low dose metronomic cyclophosphamide and meloxicam. The study endpoints were disease free interval (DFI) and overall survival (OS). Toxicity was evaluated according to the VCOG‐CTCAE criteria. The median DFI was 270, 226 and 372 days in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The median OS was 338 (group 1), 421 (group 2) and 430 (group 3) days. The differences between groups were not significant (DFI P = .280 and OS P = .186). Toxicity was observed in 52.9% (n = 18) of cats in group 2 and 39.1% (n = 9) of cats in group 3, with mild to moderate intensity. Differences were not significant (P = .306). In conclusion, adjuvant chemotherapy treatment did not improve survival and the overall benefit remains unproven. Randomized prospective trials are necessary to clarify the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy treatment for feline mammary carcinomas.
Endurance exercise plus overload induces fatigue resistance and similar hypertrophy in mice irrespective of muscle mass
Authors: Hendrickse Paul W. , Krusnauskas Raulas , Hodson‐Tole Emma , Venckunas Tomas , Degens Hans 
Published: November 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?Does combining endurance and hypertrophic stimuli blunt the adaptations to both modalities and is this effect greater in muscles with larger baseline fibre cross sectional area?
What is the main finding and its importance?Endurance exercise and hypertrophic stimuli can be combined to increase fatigue resistance and fibre size without blunting either adaptation regardless of baseline fibre size.
AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that fibre cross‐sectional area (FCSA) is inversely related to oxidative capacity, which is thought to be determined by diffusion limitations of oxygen, ADP and ATP. Consequently, it is hypothesised that (1) when endurance training is combined with a hypertrophic stimulus the response to each will be blunted, and (2) muscles with a smaller FCSA will show a larger hypertrophic response than those with a large FCSA. To investigate this, we combined overload with endurance exercise in 12‐month‐old male mice from three different strains with different FCSA: Berlin High (BEH) (large fibres), C57BL/6J (C57) (normal‐sized fibres) and Berlin Low (BEL) (small fibres). The right plantaris muscle was subjected to overload through denervation of synergists with the left muscle acting as an internal control. Half the animals trained 30 min per day for 6 weeks. The overload‐induced hypertrophy was not blunted by endurance exercise, and the exercise‐induced increase in fatigue resistance was not impaired by overload. All strains demonstrated similar absolute increases in FCSA, although the BEH mice with more fibres than the C57 mice demonstrated the largest increase in muscle mass and BEL mice with fewer fibres the smallest increase in muscle mass. This study suggests that endurance exercise and hypertrophic stimuli can be combined without attenuating adaptations to either modality, and that increases in FCSA are independent of baseline fibre size.
New Treatment for Improving the Productivity of Shale Reservoirs Using Thermochemical Fluids
Authors: Hassan Amjed , Mahmoud Mohamed , Al-Majed Abdulaziz , Alade Olalekan , Mokheimer Esmail M. A. , Al-Nakhli Ayman 
Published: November 2020

AbstractShale reservoirs are characterized with very low productivity due to the high capillary pressure and the ultra-low rock permeability. This article presents an effective treatment to improve the hydrocarbon productivity for shale reservoirs by injecting thermochemical fluids. In this study, several measurements were carried out to determine the effectiveness of the presented treatment. Coreflood, rate transient analysis (RTA), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements were performed. The gas productivity was estimated, before and after the treatment, utilizing the gas flowrates and the pressure drop across the treated rocks. The improvement in gas productivity due to thermochemical fluids was estimated by calculating the productivity index (PI) and the absolute open flow (AOF) before and after the chemical injection. Also, the changes in the pore size distribution, due to chemical injection, were studied using NMR measurements. Results showed that thermochemical treatment can improve the gas productivity by 44%, increase the AOF by 450%, and reduce the capillary pressure by 47%. Also, NMR measurements showed that fractures were induced in the shale rocks after the treatment, which will improve the shale productivity. Ultimately, this study introduces, for the first time, the use of thermochemical fluids to improve the hydrocarbon productivity for shale reservoirs.
Discontinuous Dynamics and Bifurcation for Morphing Aircraft Switching on the Velocity Boundary
Authors: Huang Jianzhe , Fu Xilin , Jing Zhongliang , Xing Siyuan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The concept of morphing aircraft was developed many decades ago, and many researches on the morphing aircraft such as stability and control have been published. As the point of view of the dynamic theory, the dynamic system of the morphing aircraft is consisted with multiple subsystems, and each subsystem represents the morphing aircraft with specific structure to fulfill a particular flight task. The switching process from one structure to another for such a morphing aircraft is considered to be smooth and stable, and the switching time is also assumed to be infinitely small. In this paper, a morphing aircraft with high-speed structure, intermediate-structure and low-speed structure is studied. Such a morphing aircraft is set to switch between high-speed structure and low-speed structure when the speed of aircraft arrives a preset critical speed, and the analytical conditions for switchability is developed. If such a morphing aircraft cannot switch to a low-speed structure or high-speed structure at the moment when it arrives the critical speed, it will switch to an intermediate-structure and control to keep the speed remain constant. The analytical conditions for onset and vanish of such a morphing aircraft switching to the intermediate-structure are also provided. Mapping structure is defined to describe the periodic motions of such a morphing aircraft. The bifurcation scenario is calculated to show the complexity of such a hybrid dynamical system. A periodic motion is given to illustrate the flow of such a morphing aircraft switching on the velocity boundary.
Modified Model-Free Adaptive Predictive Control Applied to Vibration Reduction of Mechanical Flexible Systems
Authors: Pham Hoang Anh , Söffker Dirk 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Model predictive control (MPC) has become more attractive in control engineering for the last decades because of its efficiency and robustness. In this paper, an effective control strategy is proposed for vibration reduction of mechanical flexible systems in which establishment of a global dynamic model of the controlled system is not necessary. A modified model-free adaptive predictive controller is designed by combination of MPC and model-free control theory. The novel idea of this contribution is that by using the compact-form dynamic linearization technique, the upcoming system outputs within a specified prediction horizon can be predicted in sequence. The data-based prediction model of the system only requires input/output information, and therefore the future control input increments as well as the unknown system parameters called pseudo-jacobian matrix can be estimated. To improve parameter estimation accuracy, another online estimation method namely recursive least-squares algorithm is applied instead of using the conventional projection algorithm. The control performance is verified nummerically for vibration control of a flexible ship-mounted crane represented as a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system. Simulation results indicate that significant reduction of the crane oscillations and better control performance are observed when using the proposed controller in comparison with other traditional methods.
The Adjoint Gradient Method for Time-Optimal Control of a Moon Landing: Ascent, Descent, and Abort
Authors: Eichmeir Philipp , Nachbagauer Karin , Steiner Wolfgang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article illustrates a novel approach for the determination of time-optimal controls for dynamic systems under observance of end conditions. Such problems arise in robotics, e.g. if the control of a robot has to be designed such that the time for a rest-to-rest maneuver becomes a minimum. So far, such problems have been considered as two-point boundary value problems, which are hard to solve and require an initial guess close to the optimal solution. The aim of this contribution is the development of an iterative, gradient based solution strategy for solving such problems. As an example, a Moon-landing as in the Apollo program, will be considered. In detail, we discuss the ascent, descent and abort maneuvers of the Apollo Lunar Excursion Module (LEM) to and from the Moon’s surface in minimum time. The goal is to find the control of the thrust nozzle of the LEM to minimize the final time.
Application of Munich Agile Concept for MBSE by Means of Automated Valet Parking Functions and the 3D Environment-Data
Authors: Salehi Vahid , Taha Jihad , Wang Shirui 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In today’s complex world of development of functions for automating Driving Systems (ADS), methods, tools, systems and new approaches are necessary for a seamless application. Furthermore, it is important to apply new technics of simulation and visualization (Digital Twin) for the new ADS functions. To prototype and to test these functions in a physical manner is not only a costly and complex effort but also encounters legal and bureaucratic obstacles. The importance of simulation is very high. For that reason, this paper and corresponding research project will develop a consistent traceable System Engineering approach of autonomous driving functions and its environment based on Munich Agile Concept for Model-Based-Systems-Engineering (MBSE). MBSE is based on three important core pillar which is 1) Methods/Processes, 2) Language and 3) Systems. The purpose of the new developed Munich Agile Concept Approach is to handle the complexity over the entire ADS feature development from the system requirement definition process up to the test and validation of the system. The Munich Agile Concept contains six different levels which are System Requirement-, System Functional-, System Architecture-, System Validation-, System Test and the System-Usage-Level. For defining the first three-level, a graphical language called System Modelling Language (SysML) has been applied.