bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation on a Compact Heat Exchanger Partially Filled With Metal Foam
Authors: Buonomo Bernardo , di Pasqua Anna , Manca Oronzio , Nappo Sergio , Umavathi Jawali C. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper a numerical investigation has been accomplished to study the thermal and fluid dynamic behavior of a tubular heat exchanger partially filled with metal foam. The Darcy – Brinkman - Forchheimer model and the local thermal non-equilibrium hypothesis (LTNE) for the thermal energy are used to execute two-dimensional analyses on the aluminum foam heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is studied for several air flow rates and a fixed temperature on the surface tube. The results are shown in terms of heat transfer rate and pumping power. Furthermore, the ratios in terms of heat transfer rate and pumping power are given for the two different configurations (partially and totally filled) in order to find the most convenient scheme. Furthermore, the temperature and pressure fields are evaluated. a comparison among the different thickness of the metal foam between two adjacent tubes and the fully filled configuration is given. The results show that the smaller value of metal foam thickness is characterized by a better performance.
The Effects of Occupancy and Solar Energy on Homes in the Pacific Northwest Constructed According to Improved Thermal Standards
Authors: Heerwagen D. R. , Nicoliasen K. , Emery A. F. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The space heating energy needed during the winter heating season in Seattle Washington, USA, was monitored over a 15 year period, 1987–2002. Single family residence houses were constructed to building code standards in force at the time of construction and two more to standards calling for envelopes with improved thermal resistance. Although space conditioning energy needs are strongly affected by occupant behavior, simulations generally ignore the temporal occupant behavior in estimating the energy needed for heating and cooling. Vigorous conservation tactics, which produce a thermal response that is highly transient, can lead to substantially different energy needs. No correlation could be established from the measured space heating when aggressive conservation made use of thermostat setback at every opportunity. In this paper we investigate the effects of occupant behavior and the effect of temporal solar heating of walls in the Seattle area for improved thermal construction.
3D Shape Prediction of a Paper Model for a Brassiere Cup Consisting of Multiple Polygonal Patterns
Authors: Wakamatsu Hidefumi , Shirai Kyosuke , Morinaga Eiji , Kubo Takahiro 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A general method is proposed to predict the shape of a paper model of a brassiere cup. A brassiere cup consists of several cloth and wire parts and the shapes of cloth parts are determined by repeating creation of a paper cup model, check of its 3D shape, and modification of 2D shapes of parts. For efficient design of a brassiere cup, prediction of its 3D shape with a simulation is required. The deformed shape of a paper part is represented as a single or multiple developable surfaces. So, a model that can represent a part both as a single surface and as multiple surfaces is proposed. Which case is selected depends on the magnitude of the potential energy of the part in each case. The potential energy of the part and geometric constraints imposed on the part are formulated based on the model. Minimizing the potential energy under geometric constraints derives the stable shape of the part in either case. Furthermore, our proposed method can be applied to prediction of the paper cup model consisting of parts with complex shapes.
A Proposal of Resource Allocation Method Based on Combinatorial Double Auction Technique in Crowdsourced Manufacturing
Authors: Kokuryo Daisuke , Harada Yoshiaki , Kaihara Toshiya , Fujii Nobutada 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
With the development of the IoT (Internet of Things), smart manufacturing system with cloud service and computing techniques has gained worldwide attention. Crowdsourced manufacturing system is a production styles that connects among different companies and factories to share the production resources. In this system, it is important to distribute resources appropriately to increase the productivity. In this proceeding, a resource allocation method based on combinatorial double auction technique is proposed. In the computational experiment, a characteristic of the proposed resource allocation method is evaluated.
Transferable Deep Learning for In-Situ Tool Wear Diagnosis
Authors: Russell Matthew , Wang Peng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Emerging deep learning (DL) techniques, which have demonstrated the superior capability to learn complex patterns and interrelations from multivariate data, provide promising solutions to characterize and model complex system that cannot be accurately described by conventional machine learning techniques. Hence, DL techniques have been extensively studied for condition monitoring, diagnosis, and remaining life prediction of manufacturing machine and components. One challenge associated with DL techniques is that the accuracy and reliability of DL models would vary significantly with the data amount, variety, and machine operating scenarios that are used to train the models. If the trained model is applied beyond the training scenarios, an internal covariate shift problem would occur and thereby damage the model reliability. To address this challenge, the DL models should not only extract hierarchical features from the input data, but also study the similarities and differences among data collected from different scenarios and include the discovered similarities in the feature extraction mechanism to generalize models to a broad application. This paper presents a trial to develop a transferable convolutional neural network (CNN) for in-situ diagnosis tool wear severity under different operating conditions.
A Digital Twin of Multi-Axis Machine Tool for Micro Process Planning
Authors: Tanaka Fumiki 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Achieving high performance of machining production systems requires the use of multi-axis machine tools. In order to maximize the performance of multi-axis machine tools, micro process planning for creating machining data is important. Many researches on micro process planning mainly focused on 3-axis machining. As promising approaches among them, a micro process planning system was proposed that reuses actual machining cases and analyzes case data to derive the necessary rules. However, it is not always effective for multi-axis machining, because enough case data are not collected for micro process planning of a specific multi-axis machine tool. In this study, a digital twin of multi-axis machine tool in cyberspace is proposed to collect real and virtual machining case data for micro process planning.
Measurement of 2D Positioning “Error Map” of a SCARA-Type Robot Over the Entire Workspace by Using a Laser Interferometer and a PSD Sensor
Authors: Tomita Masatoshi , Ibaraki Soichi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Compared to positioning repeatability, the “absolute” positioning accuracy of an industrial robot is often significantly worse. In this paper, we propose a method to measure the 2D absolute positioning error of a SCARA robot. Over the given laser line, the linear positioning deviation and the straightness deviation are measured by using a laser interferometer and a position sensitive detector (PSD), respectively. Then, multiple laser lines are set up by using an optical square such that the parallelism or the squareness to the original line can be ensured. By similarly measuring linear positioning and straightness deviations over these laser lines, the robot’s 2D positioning error can be visually represented as a two-dimensional error map.
Closing the gap: data-based decisions in food, nutrition and health systems: proceedings of the Fifth International Summit on Medical and Public Health Nutrition Education and Research
Authors: Laur Celia , Johnsen Jørgen Torgerstuen , Bradfield James , Eden Timothy , Mitra Sucheta , Ray Sumantra 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionLike many of the biological sciences, nutrition has rapidly become a science which relies heavily on data collection, analysis and presentation. Knowledge gaps exist where data does not, and so the fifth annual International Summit on Medical and Public Health Nutrition Education and Research was held to address the theme of ‘Closing the Gap: Data-based Decisions in Food, Nutrition and Health Systems’.SettingHomerton College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge in July 2019.Key findingsData-driven decision making is more likely to lead to positive change in areas such as malnutrition, food insecurity and food production. These decisions must be informed by multiple stakeholders from various backgrounds in multisectorial collaboration. Case examples presented at the Summit contribute to the International Knowledge Application Network in Nutrition 2025, which aims to help identify and close gaps in nutrition and healthcare.ConclusionsFormation of international networks are required to advance nutrition research, identify gaps and generate high-quality data. These data can be used to adequately train healthcare professionals resulting in positive impact on clinical and public health. Strengthening collaboration between existing networks will be essential in sharing data for better health outcomes.
Underlying contributing conditions to breathlessness among middle-aged individuals in the general population: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sandberg Jacob , Ekström Magnus , Börjesson Mats , Bergström Göran , Rosengren Annika , Angerås Oskar , Toren Kjell 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionBreathlessness is common in the general population and associated with poorer health. Prevalence, frequencies and overlap of underlying contributing conditions among individuals reporting breathlessness in the general population is unclear. The aim was to evaluate which conditions that were prevalent, overlapping and associated with breathlessness in a middle-aged general population.MethodCross-sectional analysis of individuals aged 50–65 years in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study pilot. Data from questionnaire, spirometry testing and fitness testing were used to identify underlying contributing conditions among participants reporting breathlessness (a modified Medical Research Scale (mMRC) score≥1). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent associations with breathlessness.Results1097 participants were included; mean age 57.5 years, 50% women and 9.8% (n=108) reported breathlessness (mMRC≥1). Main underlying contributing conditions were respiratory disease (57%), anxiety or depression (52%), obesity (43%) and heart disease or chest pain (35%). At least one contributing condition was found in 99.6% of all participants reporting breathlessness, while two or more conditions were present in 66%.ConclusionIn a middle-aged general population, the main underlying contributing conditions to breathlessness were respiratory disease, anxiety or depression, obesity and heart disease or chest pain with a high level of overlap.
PP15  Situational awareness in pre-hospital practice – observational study using simulated scenarios
Authors: Scott Chloe , Mitra Suman 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe concept of situation awareness (SA) has become a core theme throughout human factors research. SA is a cognitive process, put simply, it refers to a person’s ability to be aware of what’s going on and to anticipate what will happen next. In an acute pre-hospital setting, practitioners are required to make decisions quickly and often under pressure, these decisions depend on their SA. However, we do not yet know if the type of incident affects a person’s SA. Despite the importance of SA in medicine, few studies have examined SA in the pre-hospital setting. The aim of this study was to determine whether pre-hospital responders are more situationally aware in a familiar or unfamiliar environment using simulated scenarios.MethodThis observational study recruited 22 pre-hospital responders to participate two simulated scenarios; one familiar and the other unfamiliar. Following completion of the simulation participants individually completed a modified SAGAT questionnaire to quantitively analyse SA across 10 different factors.ResultsThe results showed that participants were more situationally aware in an unfamiliar environment (mean familiar: 18.75, mean unfamiliar: 22.75, P value = 0.003). However, participants felt more confident completing the familiar scenario (mean familiar = 4.09 compared to mean unfamiliar=3.87).ConclusionPre-hospital responders were more situationally aware in an unfamiliar environment, one reason for this could be due to the lack of experience in these environments practitioners may be more vigilant. Regardless of whether the environment is familiar or unfamiliar, responders are often exposed to complex environments where patients with serious injuries have to be managed and good SA is essential for safely managing a patient. Due to the small sample size and limited knowledge on this topic there would be a value in conducting more research considering the importance of SA in pre-hospital medicine.
PP16  A review of the annual case epidemiology and clinical exposure of 45 paramedics, in a UK ambulance service: a service evaluation
Authors: Rosser Andy 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionAmbulance services are facing increased demand to provide both urgent and emergency care. Details of a paramedic’s case load, patient mix and interventions delivered during patient encounters within contemporary practice are rarely described within the literature. This paper provides insight into the work of paramedics within an NHS ambulance service within the UK; the frequency of low, medium and high acuity clinical presentations, amongst patients they care for and the utilisation of clinical interventions in practice.MethodsA single site, retrospective service evaluation to describe the case load of 45 operational paramedics within a large regional English NHS ambulance service, over a full calendar year.ResultsA combined caseload of 33649 patients were attended by 45 paramedics. Paramedics attend 748 patients per year (95% CI, 705 –790),91.6% are adults. Aetiology of clinical presentations of patients attended by paramedics are 76.2% medical and 23.8% traumatic. 34.8% of patients receive a clinical intervention or administration of a medicine during their clinical management. Conveyance to hospital occurs in 63% of face to face interactions. Most patient interactions by paramedics are for low acuity clinical presentations. National Early Warning Score calculations of 25678 clinical records demonstrate that 74.1% of patients are LOW RISK, 16.5% are MEDIUM RISK and only 9.4% of patients are categorised as HIGH RISK. The distribution of NEWS seems not to be affected by rurality of the paramedic’s operational base. Musculoskeletal injury is the most common clinical impression with 7.0% of attendances.ConclusionParamedics attend an extremely varied patient case mix; across the full life cycle. Most patients have low acuity clinical presentations. Patients with high acuity illness and in need of life saving critical interventions are seen infrequently, which may have implications for the education, exposure and skill retention in the management of this patient group.
PP19  Paramedic research literature 2011–2019. A bibliographic analysis of the contents of amber, the ambulance research repository
Authors: Holland Matt , Dutton Michelle 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe data held by amber presents an opportunity to understand the structure of the published paramedic literature, specifically the output of NHS staff working in English ambulance services 2011–2019. This period is of interest because it represents part of the development phase of paramedic research in England. The authors apply a series of bibliometric measures to generate a profile of the published literature.MethodThe metadata was downloaded from amber for the period from 2011–2019. The metadata was used to create a series of tables that describe the contents of amber. The data was augmented by Altmetric Scores and Citation Counts (SCOPUS) to provide a measure of the quality of the articles contained in amber.ResultsThe data shows a characteristic long tail with 1) Few very high scoring articles (Altmetric and Citation) and many lower scoring articles, 2) A few journals titles publish the majority of articles in paramedicine with many publishing just 1–3 articles. Altmetric scores do not predict citation counts for this data. Only six of the articles that appear in the top 20 journal articles by Altmetric score also appear in the top 20 journal articles by citation count table. Nearly 50% of article achieve an Altmetric score, only 20% of the research is cited one or more times. 68% of articles are written by more than one author including all the articles included in the top 20 article tables. Only 10 of the top 20 cited articles are published in core emergency medicine journals in this instanceResuscitationandEmergency Medicine Journal.ConclusionsBroadly, the data describes the body of research in paramedicine growing overtime in volume and quality.
PP23  Soiled airway tracheal intubation and the effectiveness of decontamination by north east paramedics: a randomised controlled manikin study. The satiated2 study
Authors: McClelland Graham , Pilbery Richard , Hepburn Sarah 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundVomiting and regurgitation are commonly encountered in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, but traditional paramedic suctioning techniques may be insufficient to manage severely soiled airways.A technique called Suction Assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination (SALAD) has been developed to help clinicians manage these difficult airways. The only UK SALAD study (SATIATED) reported improved paramedic first-pass intubation success rate. This study has now been replicated in a different ambulance service.The primary research question was: Does paramedic first-pass intubation rate in North East Ambulance Service improve following training in SALAD? The secondary research question was: Does training in SALAD affect the time taken to intubate by paramedics?MethodsA randomised controlled trial of SALAD was conducted using a modified airway manikin capable of vomiting to simulate a soiled airway. The intervention comprised SALAD training and the introduction of the DuCanto catheter for post-training attempts. Participants were randomised into two groups: A01A02B01who made two pre-training intubation attempts and one post-training attempt, and A11B11B12, who made one pre-training and two post-training attempts. Data were collected on length of service, success rates, timings and techniques used.ResultsParamedics (n=102 participants, n=99 completed the study) were recruited between August and December 2019. First-pass intubation success rates on the second attempts (A02versus B11) were 86% and 96% respectively; a non-significant improvement of 10% (95% CI 1–21%, p=0.09). Both groups intubated faster on third attempts compared to first attempts. A01to B01mean improvement 5 (SD 14) seconds, A11to B12mean improvement 9 (SD 15) seconds. There was no significant difference in improvement between groups (mean difference -4 seconds, 95% CI -11–3 seconds, p=0.22).ConclusionsNorth East Ambulance Service paramedics demonstrated improved first-pass intubation success rates in a simulated soiled airway following SALAD training and improved time to intubation. This study supports the findings of the SATIATED study.
PP32  Major trauma triage tools study (MATTS) expert consensus meetings
Authors: Holt Christopher , Fuller Gordon , Keating Samuel , Turner Janette , Goodacre Steve , Smith Jason 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionMajor trauma triage tools are used to identify patients for bypass to Major Trauma Centres (MTCs). Bypass has been associated with improved patient outcomes following major trauma. The aim of the Major Trauma Triage Tools Study (MATTS) is to produce an evidence-based triage tool to be implemented across UK ambulance services.MethodsTwo independently chaired 1-day expert consensus meetings comprised of senior clinical professionals from specialties relevant to major trauma and prehospital triage were conducted as part of Phase 1 of the MATTS project, each with a distinct focus:To define a reference standard of major traumaProduce a new triage toolFacilitated round table discussions were conducted with consensus developed through arbitration. In the first meeting a multi-domain reference standard defining major trauma patients with the potential to benefit from MTC care was determined. In the subsequent meeting triage tools were developed to select appropriate injured patients meeting this reference standard.ResultsThree tools were produced with a different diagnostic accuracy focus:Sensitive – Maximising major trauma identification.Specific – Preserving MTC care for the most severely injured patientsBalanced – A tool balancing sensitivity and specificityConclusionThe reference standard will form the basis of data analysis in Phase 2 of the project. The performance of the 3 differing tools will be tested in a dataset of routine ambulance service and TARN data. Following this, the most optimal triage tool will be assessed in clinical practice across 4 ambulance services.
OP5  A two armed, randomised, controlled exploratory study of adding the ambugard cleaning system to normal deep cleaning procedures in a regional ambulance service
Authors: McClelland Graham , Charlton Karl , Mains Jacqueline , Millican Karen , Cullerton Caroline 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAmbulance services transport patients with infections and diseases and could pose a cross transmission risk to patients and staff through environmental contamination. The literature suggests that environmental pathogens are present on ambulances, cleaning is inconsistent and patient/staff impact is difficult to quantify. Eco-Mist developed a dry misting decontamination system for ambulance use called AmbuGard which works in <30 minutes and is 99.9999% effective against common pathogens. The research question is ‘What pathogens are present on North East Ambulance Service ambulances and what impact does adding the AmbuGard to the deep cleaning process make?’MethodsA two armed, randomised controlled trial enrolled fourteen ambulances during their regular 24 week deep clean which were 1:1 randomised to deep cleaning (control arm) or deep cleaning plus AmbuGard (intervention arm). Polywipe swabs were taken before and after cleaning from five locations selected for high rates of contact (steering wheel, shelf, side door grab rail, patient seat armrest, rear door handle/grab rail). Microbiology culture methods identified the presence and amount of bacterial organisms present including the selected pathogens:Enterococcusspp.;Enterobacterspp.;Klebsiellaspp.;Staphylococcus aureus; Acinetobacterspp.;Pseudomonasspp.;Clostridium difficile; coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS)). The researcher taking the swabs and the laboratory were blinded to the trial arm.ResultsPathogens of interest were found on 10 (71%) vehicles. CoNS were found on all vehicles. Pathogens were found on all locations swabbed. Normal deep cleaning was effective at eliminating pathogens and the addition of AmbuGard showed no obvious improvement in effectiveness.ConclusionPathogens associated with healthcare acquired infections were found throughout all ambulances. Normal deep cleaning was effective and adding AmbuGard showed no obvious improvement. This was a small study at a single point in time. Further research is needed into temporal trends, how to reduce pathogens during normal clinical duties and patient/staff impact.