bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-scale analysis of iliopsoas muscle volumes in the UK Biobank
Authors: Fitzpatrick Julie A. , Basty Nicolas , Cule Madeleine , Liu Yi , Bell Jimmy D. , Thomas E. Louise , Whitcher Brandon 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPsoas muscle measurements are frequently used as markers of sarcopenia and predictors of health. Manually measured cross-sectional areas are most commonly used, but there is a lack of consistency regarding the position of the measurement and manual annotations are not practical for large population studies. We have developed a fully automated method to measure iliopsoas muscle volume (comprised of the psoas and iliacus muscles) using a convolutional neural network. Magnetic resonance images were obtained from the UK Biobank for 5000 participants, balanced for age, gender and BMI. Ninety manual annotations were available for model training and validation. The model showed excellent performance against out-of-sample data (average dice score coefficient of 0.9046 ± 0.0058 for six-fold cross-validation). Iliopsoas muscle volumes were successfully measured in all 5000 participants. Iliopsoas volume was greater in male compared with female subjects. There was a small but significant asymmetry between left and right iliopsoas muscle volumes. We also found that iliopsoas volume was significantly related to height, BMI and age, and that there was an acceleration in muscle volume decrease in men with age. Our method provides a robust technique for measuring iliopsoas muscle volume that can be applied to large cohorts.
Phase transformation and room temperature stabilization of various Bi2O3 nano-polymorphs: effect of oxygen-vacancy defects and reduced surface energy due to adsorbed carbon species
Authors: Gandhi Ashish Chhaganlal , Lai Chi-Yuan , Wu Kuan-Ting , Ramacharyulu P. V. R. K. , Koli Valmiki B. , Cheng Chia-Liang , Ke Shyue-Chu , Wu Sheng Yun 
Published: November 2020

The air annealing induced grain growth from nano to microscale and a transformation sequence from Bi → β-Bi2O3 → γ-Bi2O3 → α-Bi2O3 was evident. All the annealed samples are oxygen-deficient, resulting in the appearance of a strong red emission band.
Beyond populism studies
Authors: De Cleen Benjamin , Glynos Jason 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
‘Populism’ has become ever more ubiquitous in political analysis, to the extent that ‘populism studies’ appears on course
to establishing itself as a field of research in its own right. This article warns about the dangers of such a development. Taking a
discourse theoretical approach as our starting point – but also critically engaging with this tradition’s contribution to the hype about
populism – we suggest that ‘populism studies’ (and the preoccupation with populism this field embodies) risks reifying populism by focusing
on populism as a phenomenon ‘as such’, and through an over-reliance on the concept of populism to approach
that phenomenon. This, we argue, hampers a nuanced and contextualized understanding of the exact role populism plays in different populist
politics. This is not a call for abandoning the concept of populism altogether, but a call for de-centring the concept and for moving beyond
academia’s ‘populist moment’.
An introduction to the special issue on ‘Discourse Theory: Ways forward for theory development and research
practice’
Authors: De Cleen Benjamin , Goyvaerts Jana , Carpentier Nico , Glynos Jason , Stavrakakis Yannis , Trivundža Ilija Tomanić 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article introduces the special issue of the Journal of Language and Politics on ‘Discourse Theory: Ways forward for
theory development and research practice.’ In this introduction we discuss the aims and structure of this special issue focused on the development of the poststructuralist and post-Marxist discourse theory originally developed by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe.
Mathematical and physical modeling shape memory polymer composites
Authors: Annin B D , Karpov E V , Moskvichev E V , Yu Larichkin A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In the article the influence of fiber orientation on the deformation character of specimens from composites with shape memory (EMC) under transverse and longitudinal bending is studied. Also, restoration of the initial configuration of the sample upon activation of the shape memory effect (SME) is considered. The effect of fiber orientation on the formation of systems of irreversible structural defects during molding is revealed. The degree of shape restoration upon SME implementation and the reproducibility of the original form upon repetition of the shape fixing-recovering cycles depend on these defects. Variants of a material model with linear hardening and a Voigt model for describing the shape memory effect in modeling the stages of molding and restoration are considered.
MHD model of an incompressible polymeric fluid. Linear instability of the resting state
Authors: Blokhin Alexander , Tkachev Dmitry 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study the linear stability of a resting state for a generalization of the basic rheological Pokrovski-Vinogradov model for flows of solutions and melts of an incompressible viscoelastic polymeric medium to the nonisothermal case under the influence of magnetic field. We prove that the corresponding linearized problem describing magnetohydrodynamic flows of polymers in an infinite plane channel has the following property: for certain values of the conduction current which is given on the electrodes, i.e. on the channel boundaries, the problem has solutions whose amplitude grows exponentially (in the class of functions periodic along the channel).
Hydrodynamics of new high-speed surface systems
Authors: Boyko A V , Golub A P , Yeroshin V A , Samsonov V A 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Until recently, high-speed surface vessels consisted mainly of hydrogliders, airfoil boats, hydrofoil and air-cushion craft. Their hydrodynamic characteristics are well understood and the vessels involved have high speeds and excellent sailing qualities. In recent years, however, there has been some expansion of this group of vessels by means of high-speed surface objects on wheels (baggies) and tracks (snowmobiles), in some cases at speeds far exceeding those of hydrofoil and air-cushion craft. Information on the hydrodynamic characteristics of these vessels is not available in the literature. This prompts us to study their hydrodynamic parameters and to consider the practical use of these vessels. The report describes conditions for water rolling of wheeled and tracked systems with grousers, simulates this phenomenon, derives the dependence of draft and bearing capacity of wheeled systems on the Froude number, and presents the dependence of tracked traction on the dimensionless parameter equal to the ratio of absolute speeds of the lower part of a track and the above-water part of a model.
On the ratcheting of the VT6 alloy in a range of loading scenarios
Authors: Kaygorodtseva A A , Kapustin V I , Zakharchenko K V , Shutov A V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A set of experimental results concerning the accumulation of inelastic strain in the VT6 titanium alloy is presented. The considered tests include cyclic stress-controlled loading with monotonically increasing stress amplitude and constant mean stress. The focus of the study is on the accurate phenomenological modelling of the complex material behaviour. Four different material models are employed to capture the phenomena of ratcheting and nonlinear kinematic hardening. Two models are of the Armstrong-Frederick type and the remaining two models are of the Ohno-Wang type. Since all the considered models contain a big number of material parameters, a sophisticated nested procedure is used for the parameter identification; the obtained material parameters are validated by additional experiments. It is shown that all the models yield nearly the same accuracy; the limitations of the phenomenological approach are highlighted and discussed.
Analysis of SiC mixture densification in explosive compaction
Authors: Krokhalev A V , Kharlamov V O , Kuzmin S V , Lysak V I 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper presents the results of research into how the binder content and the Shockwave compression parameters affect SiC and Ti powder mixture densification in explosive compaction. The microstructure of the resulting compacted metal was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Phase and chemical composition was studied by X-ray crystallography and energy-dispersive analysis. It was found that at higher silicon carbide concentrations and higher powder heating temperatures, Shockwave compression reduced the residual porosity of the compacted metal to 2%. The microstructure was a carbide-silicon matrix with titanium inclusions. The obtained material matched the initial components in phase composition.
Quasi-brittle fracture of smooth shafts under torsion (stress-strain-based approach)
Authors: Kurguzov V D 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The nucleation of an edge annular concentric crack on the surface of a smooth cylinder made of an elastoplastic material with ultimate strain is considered. To obtain critical parameters of quasi-brittle fracture, a coupled (sufficient) fracture criterion of an elastoplastic material is used. Simple relations are obtained for the critical stresses, the length of the prefecture zone and the critical stress intensity factor (SIF) for the mode III fracture. In the framework of the proposed model, the critical SIF obtained by the sufficient criterion is a variable, it depends on the characteristic linear size of the material structure, the parameters of the stress-strain diagram, and the length of the crack. The rule of selecting the parameters of the proposed fracture model for two laboratory experiments is indicated: according to the stress-strain diagram of material under simple shear and critical SIF. The obtained critical parameters are conservative estimates of critical stresses. It is advisable to use these estimates in the calculation of steel structures operating at temperatures below the cold brittleness threshold.
Modeling of embolism and malformation phenomena in the brain
Authors: Pen’kovskii V I , Korsakova N K 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In a previously published mathematical model of blood circulation in the cerebral cortex, it was assumed that the circulatory system of the brain consists of a distribution network of relatively large arteries and a collector network of veins similar in structure [1]. The connection between the networks is carried out through a network of numerous small capillaries, in which arterial blood as a result of metabolic processes with the cellular tissue of the brain turns into venous. A system of equations of viscous fluid motion in a heterogeneous medium consisting of three interpenetrating, but not intersecting, continuums is written out. Intersections are pathology for a healthy human organism. Multiple calculations show that pathologies localized even in small areas of the brain significantly affect the nature of the distribution of blood pressure in the arterial and venous channels. The finite element method is used in the calculations. The network of elements is refined in the subdomains of pathologies in the form of malformation or embolism with a decrease in the conductive properties of a heterogeneous environment. The numerical solution of the planar problem was carried out with parameters close to the real conditions of blood circulation in the human brain.
Two invariant submodels of rank 1 of the hydrodynamic type equations and exact solutions
Authors: Siraeva D T 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the hydrodynamic type equations with the state equation in the form of pressure separated into the sum of density and entropy functions are considered. The admissible group of transformation generate 12-dimensional Lie algebra. For two three-dimensional subalgebras the invariant submodels of rank 1 are calculated. The exact solutions for the hydrodynamic type equations are obtained.
The study of the strength properties of the human dura mater: the experience of one research center
Authors: Lipovka A I , Dubovoy A V , Parshin D V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The study of a human dura mater is an important task of modern neurosurgery for trauma, as well as surgery for changing volume fractions of the liquid media of the brain (hydrocephalus, hypertension, etc). This paper presents the first results of a study of the strength properties of a human dura mater. A description is given of the preparation of the sample for the experiment and the experimental technique. A comparison was made of the strength properties of the studied samples with samples of cerebral aneurysms and healthy cerebral vessels. For the first time the differences between dependence of stress and strain obtained from traverse and video extensometer are shown, which are statistically significant (p¿0.98).
A new beam element for the analysis of laminated composites based on the asymptotic splitting method
Authors: Golushko Sergey , Gorynin Gleb , Gorynin Arseniy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A new beam multilayer finite element for solving the bending problems of laminated composites is proposed. The finite element model is based on the asymptotic splitting method, which allows one to obtain a solution to the linear spatial problem of the theory of elasticity without using simplifying hypotheses. The advantage of this approach is that all components of the stress tensor are taken into account and that the stress states of composite beams of a complex cross-section are examined in detail without using the plane strain or plane stress states.
Nonlinear diagnostic of a shallow sea stratified by density with weak dispersion and weak nonlinearity
Authors: Novotryasov V V 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper discusses the methodology for determining the parameters of the hydrophysical background of a shallow sea stratified by density. The background of this sea is characterized by quadratic nonlinearity - α, high-frequency dispersion -β and phase velocity of linear internal gravitational waves - c
0. In the framework of the theory of weakly-intensity shock waves in media with weak dispersion, expressions are obtained for calculating the parameters: α, β and c
0. The data for calculations are in-situ measurement of the spatial-temporal characteristics of the internal undular bores, traveling on the pycnocline of the shallow sea.
National experience in funding scientific megascience projects: legal modeling
Authors: Arzumanova L L 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The research presents the current models of financing mega science projects in the Russian Federation. The work describes the existing in the Russian Federation the system of financing projects megascience. Legal relations in the sphere of financial activities of the states-participants of the projects of the megascience class occupy one of the central places in the system of public social relations arising in the process of construction and operation of large-scale research infrastructures. Emphasizes that Megascience projects are implemented in the public interest. Thus, the main goal of their development is to conduct comprehensive scientific research and breakthrough knowledge and innovative technologies for the benefit of all mankind. Megascience projects solve quite specific problems, and in this concern there is no need for their mass construction, and the high cost makes international cooperation economically feasible in the area under consideration. Legal relations in the sphere of financial activities of the states-participants of the projects of the megascience class occupy one of the central places in the system of public social relations arising in the process of construction and operation of large-scale research infrastructures.
Peculiarities of the legal status of scientists working on unique scientific facilities of the “MegaScience” class
Authors: Lozovskij D L , Karandaev I Y 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The article presents aspects of the legal status of scientists, both internationally and at the Russian level. By the example of the CERN scientific project, the peculiarities of the legal experience of scientists involved in the scientific experiments of CERN are revealed, as well as the corresponding legal regulations. On the basis of the analysis, the expediency of identifying a special legal status of scientists working on unique scientific facilities of the “MegaScience” class is substantiated, which needs additional theoretical understanding.
Investigation of key criteria influencing the sustainability of residential buildings in tropical climate
Authors: Lazar Nina , Chithra K 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction: The need for sustainable cities and societies is well established and it is recognized as one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Sustainable buildings are the key elements in the fabric of sustainable cities. The efforts made in the building sector to accomplish the SDGs is widely accepted in the form of building rating systems and assessment systems, primarily focussing the environmental dimension, but the social and economic dimensions have gained less attention. In this context, developing countries are accustomed to many studies incorporating the three dimensions of sustainability. However, region-specific assessment systems and studies hardly exist especially in a country like India with diverse climatic conditions. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the key criteria influencing the environmental, social and economic sustainability with specific focus to residential buildings in the tropical climatic region of India. Methods: A comprehensive review of the existing Green Building Rating Systems (GBRS) and published literature was performed to establish the initial pool of criteria. Additionally, a questionnaire survey was conducted among experts from various domains to record the importance of each criterion towards sustainability of residential buildings in the tropical climate. The data collected through the questionnaire survey was analyzed and the degree of importance of each criterion was derived using Fuzzy TOPSIS. Further, Pareto analysis was used to arrive at the key criteria. Results: This study has evaluated the importance of each criterion towards sustainability and has proposed a comprehensive framework for assessing the sustainability of residential buildings in tropical climate incorporating the three dimensions of sustainability. The proposed framework would help the state and national governments to streamline the activities in the building sector towards achieving sustainability. Conclusions: The study concludes that a combination of Fuzzy TOPSIS and Pareto analysis is an effective method to define key criteria influencing sustainability. The findings of this study can be helpful to practitioners, researchers and academicians to achieve building sustainability in the tropical climate.
Lessons learnt from green public procurement in the Norwegian construction sector
Authors: Wiik Marianne Kjendseth , Flyen Cecilie , Fufa Selamawit Mamo , Venås Christoffer 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Introduction. Over the next 5 years, Norway shall construct roads, rail tracks and buildings for up to 300 bNOK. Statens vegvesen (SVV), the Norwegian road authority, has calculated that construction, operation and maintenance of Norwegian roads are responsible for 1.5-2m tCO2eq/yr. SVV also found a correlation between cost and emissions and found that every 1MNOK invested leads to ca. 35tCO2eq. When considering the national transport plan (NTP), this equates to 10% of Norway’s climate budget. In order to reach climate mitigation goals, public developers have initiated environmental measures in public procurement to reduce GHG emissions. Methods. This paper collects, compares and reviews environmental criteria written into Norwegian public procurement to see which measures are being implemented, how they are being implemented, and to discuss how effective these measures are in cutting GHG emissions. Contracts are sampled from major public developers in the Norwegian construction sector. Results. The results show that public procurers use a range of tools to facilitate for emission reductions. Conclusions. This paper reviews environmental measures in public procurement of Norwegian construction. Lessons learnt may be spread to other countries and the private sector. Grant support. None.
Learning through sharing: beyond the traditional North-South learning models for a circular built environment
Authors: Iyer-Raniga Usha , Huovila Pekka 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
There is a general assumption that knowledge sharing takes place in a North-South direction; with North Americans and Europeans providing pearls of wisdom to the global South. At a recent Sustainable Built Environment knowledge sharing workshop this assumption was challenged. The workshop brought together building and circular economy experts from governments, public and private sector, financing organisations and researchers. The aim of this workshop was to share experiences between experts from The Netherlands, actively engaged in promoting and applying circularity principles in the country and the region, and Sustainable Building and Construction (SBC) partners engaged in promoting sustainable building and construction practices, including circularity, internationally. Participants were from Asia, Africa, Latin America, Australia and the EU. The workshop was set up in an interactive, action research format. The key messages arising from the workshop supported that South-North learning was equally valuable as North-South learning, supporting knowledge sharing rather than knowledge transfer. There was a recognition of the imminent danger of global system collapse if current practices were not changed immediately. Urgency was recognised as being a key driver to move to a new paradigm shift both in the North and the global South. There was also a recognition that since the task is complex and there are multifaceted considerations, it is not helpful to wait to align all stakeholders to develop common solutions. Grass roots engagement and development need to be supported and nurtured in alignment with various stakeholders. Governments can support circular processes through a top-down policy platform. Traditional and cultural practices in the global South may provide not only ideas for engagement but also new ways of thinking in a quest for diversity of solutions to be applied to reach our sustainability goals.