bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of carbon dioxide embolism during the transperineal approach in total pelvic exenteration for advanced anorectal cancer
Authors: Matsumoto Yoshiko , Yoshimatsu Gumpei , Munechika Taro , Kajitani Ryuji , Taketomi Hirotaka , Nagano Hideki , Komono Akira , Morimoto Mitsuaki , Aisu Naoya , Yoshida Yoichiro , Hasegawa Suguru 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe transanal and transperineal endoscopic approaches are useful advanced surgical options for removing rectal and anorectal cancers. Intraoperative carbon dioxide (CO2) embolisms, however, have been increasingly reported as potentially fatal complications associated with surgery employing these approaches. We report our experience with a CO2 embolism that was detected because of a sudden drop in end‐tidal CO2 with decreasing saturation of percutaneous arterial oxygen during total pelvic exenteration using the transperineal endoscopic approach under pneumopelvis/pneumoperitoneum. Transesophageal echocardiography confirmed that it was a CO2 embolus. We reversed the pneumopelvis and pneumoperitoneum, which alleviated the cardiopulmonary problems, and the surgery then proceeded to achieve R0 resection. The patient was discharged without severe complications other than the CO2 embolism.
Antibiotic is a safe and feasible option for uncomplicated appendicitis in pregnancy ‐ A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Jianwen , Ahmad Muhammat , Wu Juwen , Tong Xiao Jun , Zeng Hui Zhi , Chan Fion Siu‐Yin , Fan Joe King Man 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionAcute appendicitis is the commonest surgical emergency during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes between antibiotic therapy and appendectomy in the management of uncomplicated appendicitis during gestation.MethodsFrom January 2015 to April 2019, there were 2174 emergency appendicitis diagnosed in the University of Hong Kong‐Shenzhen Hospital. Among them, 54 pregnant women were diagnosed with acute uncomplicated appendicitis and the clinical records were reviewed. Clinical demographics and outcomes including gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, birth weight, APGAR score at 1 minute, fetal loss and overall length of stay were compared between the operation group and the antibiotic treatment group.ResultsThe baseline characteristics showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > .05). In the appendectomy group (n = 20), one patient had wound infection while none of the patients in the antibiotic therapy group (n = 34) experienced any complication. In the antibiotic treatment group, appendicitis recurred in one patient during pregnancy and in two patients after deliveries, which were all treated with appendectomy. The mean hospital stay of the antibiotic treatment group was shorter than that of the appendectomy group, but there was no significant difference (4.94 ± 2.6 days vs 6.25 ± 3.5 days, P = .540). There was no difference in gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, birth weight and APGAR scores between the two groups (P > .05).ConclusionsFor acute uncomplicated appendicitis during pregnancy, antibiotics treatment is a safe and feasible option.
Exposure‐response analysis of Raltitrexed assessing liver toxicity
Authors: Royer Bernard , Schmitt Antonin , Nguyen Thierry , Paillard Marie‐Justine , Jary Marine , Demarchi Martin , Vernerey Dewi , Henriques Julie , Jacquin Marion , Borg Christophe , Kim Stefano 
Published: August 2020

AimRaltitrexed (RTX) is a thymidylate synthase inhibitor with large pharmacokinetics (PK) variability that can be administered in case of 5‐fluorouracil (5FU) intolerance or dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency. While it is a more potent thymidylate synthase inhibitor than 5FU, RTX failed to replace this drug for colorectal cancer patients, mainly due to its toxicity at the recommended dose of 3 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. However, every 2 weeks administration at 2 mg/m2 demonstrated a favourable toxicity profile.MethodWe performed a randomized crossover comparative population PK study between every 2 weeks TOMOX (RTX 2 mg/m2) and every 3 weeks TOMOX (RTX 3 mg/m2).ResultsA three‐compartment model and a proportional error model best describe the data. Creatinine clearance and sex, but not body surface area (BSA), were covariates of RTX clearance leading to decrease of its interindividual variability of 28%. Weight and body surface area were covariates of central and peripheral volumes of distribution, respectively, leading to decreases of interindividual variability of 34.6% and 100%, respectively. In contrast to the dose, AUC was a good predictor of liver toxicity (P = 0.006, OR = 3.91, 95%CI = [1.48‐10.34]). Using covariates to compute individual clearance and a threshold AUC (1.639, determined in this study), a covariates‐based dose was calculated, leading to less variability in AUC than observed with the actual BSA‐based or fixed doses.ConclusionThese results advocate for the use of creatinine clearance and sex to determine the RTX dose instead of BSA.
A preliminary study on functional activation and connectivity during frustration in youths with bipolar disorder
Authors: Ross Andrew J. , Roule Alexandra L. , Deveney Christen M. , Towbin Kenneth E. , Brotman Melissa A. , Leibenluft Ellen , Tseng Wan‐Ling 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesFrustration is associated with impaired attention, heightened arousal, and greater unhappiness in youths with bipolar disorder (BD) vs healthy volunteers (HV). Little is known about functional activation and connectivity in the brain of BD youths in response to frustration. This exploratory study compared BD youths and HV on attentional abilities, self‐reported affect, and functional activation and connectivity during a frustrating attention task.MethodsTwenty BD (Mage = 15.86) and 20 HV (Mage = 15.55) youths completed an fMRI paradigm that differentiated neural responses during processing of frustrating feedback from neural responses during attention orienting following frustrating feedback. We examined group differences in (a) functional connectivity using amygdala, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and striatum as seeds and (b) whole‐brain and regions of interest (amygdala, IFG, striatum) activation. We explored task performance (accuracy, reaction time), self‐reported frustration and unhappiness, and correlations between these variables and irritability, depressive, and manic symptoms.ResultsBipolar disorder youths, relative to HV, exhibited positive IFG‐ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) connectivity yet failed to show negative striatum‐insula connectivity during feedback processing. Irritability symptoms were positively associated with striatum‐insula connectivity during feedback processing. Moreover, BD vs HV youths showed positive IFG‐parahippocampal gyrus (PHG)/periaqueductal gray (PAG) connectivity and negative amygdala‐cerebellum connectivity during attention orienting following frustration. BD was not associated with atypical activation patterns.ConclusionsPositive IFG‐vmPFC connectivity and striatum‐insula decoupling in BD during feedback processing may mediate heightened sensitivity to reward‐relevant stimuli. Elevated IFG‐PAG/PHG connectivity in BD following frustration may suggest greater recruitment of attention network to regulate arousal and maintain goal‐directed behavior.
Incidence and predictors of early and late hospital readmission after transurethral resection of the prostate: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Shamout Samer , Carlson Kevin , Brotherhood Hilary L. , Crump Trafford , Baverstock Richard 
Published: August 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the incidence and predictors of hospital readmission and emergency department (ED) visits in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia treated by transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).Patients and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using a linked administrative dataset from Calgary, Canada. Participants were men who underwent their first TURP procedure between 2015 and 2017. We examined patient demographics, and type of surgery (elective or urgent). Comorbidities were scored using the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). The primary outcomes were unplanned hospital readmissions and ED visits at 30, 60 and 90 days after TURP. The secondary aim was to identify potential predictors across these groups.ResultsWe identified 3059 men, most of whom underwent elective TURP (83%). The mean (sd) patient age was 71.0 (10.0) years. A total of 224 patients (7.4%) were readmitted to the hospital within 30 days, 290 (9.5%) within 60 days, and 339 (11.1%) within 90 days of discharge. The frequency of return visits within 30, 60 and 90 days of TURP were 21.4%, 26% and 28.6%, respectively. The most responsible diagnoses for ED visit within 90 days were haematuria (15.4%) and retention of urine (12.8%). Multivariable analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR] 1.61, P < 0.001), surgery type (OR 2.20, P < 0.001), and CCI score (OR 2.03, P < 0.001) were independently associated with odds of readmission and ED visits at all time points.ConclusionOlder age, poorer health and urgent surgery predicted return to ED or readmission after TURP; efforts should be made to improve selection, counselling and preoperative optimization based on these risks.
Dynamics of crude oil price shocks and major Latin American Equity Markets: A study in time and frequency domains
Authors: Adrangi Bahram , Chatrath Arjun , Macri Joseph , Raffiee Kambiz 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe examine the impact of crude oil price fluctuations on equity markets for four emerging Latin American markets, namely, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico. We adopt an approach that examines this relationship in both a time and frequency domains. The co‐spectral analysis confirmed that most of the observable coherence between crude oil and equity returns occurred at relatively short frequencies. The structural vector autoregression (SVAR) results suggest that shocks to crude oil price directed all equity markets into negative territory, though they typically reversed course after approximately twenty‐four months. Although the decomposition of the prediction error variance showed that crude oil prices were weakly exogenous in the SVAR model, in most cases Brazil's equity market may have been responsible for the higher percentage of variations in the remaining indices. The nonlinear Granger causality tests reveal, with the exception of the Merval index, the equity markets under study were responsive to crude oil price shocks.
Properties of Laplace Operators for Tetrahedral Meshes
Authors: Alexa Marc , Herholz Philipp , Kohlbrenner Maximilian , Sorkine‐Hornung Olga 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDiscrete Laplacians for triangle meshes are a fundamental tool in geometry processing. The so‐called cotan Laplacian is widely used since it preserves several important properties of its smooth counterpart. It can be derived from different principles: either considering the piecewise linear nature of the primal elements or associating values to the dual vertices. Both approaches lead to the same operator in the two‐dimensional setting. In contrast, for tetrahedral meshes, only the primal construction is reminiscent of the cotan weights, involving dihedral angles. We provide explicit formulas for the lesser‐known dual construction. In both cases, the weights can be computed by adding the contributions of individual tetrahedra to an edge. The resulting two different discrete Laplacians for tetrahedral meshes only retain some of the properties of their two‐dimensional counterpart. In particular, while both constructions have linear precision, only the primal construction is positive semi‐definite and only the dual construction generates positive weights and provides a maximum principle for Delaunay meshes. We perform a range of numerical experiments that highlight the benefits and limitations of the two constructions for different problems and meshes.
Integer‐Grid Sketch Simplification and Vectorization
Authors: Stanko Tibor , Bessmeltsev Mikhail , Bommes David , Bousseau Adrien 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA major challenge in line drawing vectorization is segmenting the input bitmap into separate curves. This segmentation is especially problematic for rough sketches, where curves are depicted using multiple overdrawn strokes. Inspired by feature‐aligned mesh quadrangulation methods in geometry processing, we propose to extract vector curve networks by parametrizing the image with local drawing‐aligned integer grids. The regular structure of the grid facilitates the extraction of clean line junctions; due to the grid's discrete nature, nearby strokes are implicitly grouped together. We demonstrate that our method successfully vectorizes both clean and rough line drawings, whereas previous methods focused on only one of those drawing types.
Cost Minimizing Local Anisotropic Quad Mesh Refinement
Authors: Lyon M. , Bommes D. , Kobbelt L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractQuad meshes as a surface representation have many conceptual advantages over triangle meshes. Their edges can naturally be aligned to principal curvatures of the underlying surface and they have the flexibility to create strongly anisotropic cells without causing excessively small inner angles. While in recent years a lot of progress has been made towards generating high quality uniform quad meshes for arbitrary shapes, their adaptive and anisotropic refinement remains difficult since a single edge split might propagate across the entire surface in order to maintain consistency. In this paper we present a novel refinement technique which finds the optimal trade‐off between number of resulting elements and inserted singularities according to a user prescribed weighting. Our algorithm takes as input a quad mesh with those edges tagged that are prescribed to be refined. It then formulates a binary optimization problem that minimizes the number of additional edges which need to be split in order to maintain consistency. Valence 3 and 5 singularities have to be introduced in the transition region between refined and unrefined regions of the mesh. The optimization hence computes the optimal trade‐off and places singularities strategically in order to minimize the number of consistency splits — or avoids singularities where this causes only a small number of additional splits. When applying the refinement scheme iteratively, we extend our binary optimization formulation such that previous splits can be undone if this prevents degenerate cells with small inner angles that otherwise might occur in anisotropic regions or in the vicinity of singularities. We demonstrate on a number of challenging examples that the algorithm performs well in practice.
EGGS: Sparsity‐Specific Code Generation
Authors: Tang Xuan , Schneider Teseo , Kamil Shoaib , Panda Aurojit , Li Jinyang , Panozzo Daniele 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSparse matrix computations are among the most important computational patterns, commonly used in geometry processing, physical simulation, graph algorithms, and other situations where sparse data arises. In many cases, the structure of a sparse matrix is known a priori, but the values may change or depend on inputs to the algorithm. We propose a new methodology for compile‐time specialization of algorithms relying on mixing sparse and dense linear algebra operations, using an extension to the widely‐used open source Eigen package. In contrast to library approaches optimizing individual building blocks of a computation (such as sparse matrix product), we generate reusable sparsity‐specific implementations for a given algorithm, utilizing vector intrinsics and reducing unnecessary scanning through matrix structures. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique on a benchmark of artificial expressions to quantitatively evaluate the benefit of our approach over the state‐of‐the‐art library Intel MKL. To further demonstrate the practical applicability of our technique we show that our technique can improve performance, with minimal code changes, for mesh smoothing, mesh parametrization, volumetric deformation, optical flow, and computation of the Laplace operator.
Anderson Acceleration for Nonconvex ADMM Based on Douglas‐Rachford Splitting
Authors: Ouyang Wenqing , Peng Yue , Yao Yuxin , Zhang Juyong , Deng Bailin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe alternating direction multiplier method (ADMM) is widely used in computer graphics for solving optimization problems that can be nonsmooth and nonconvex. It converges quickly to an approximate solution, but can take a long time to converge to a solution of high‐accuracy. Previously, Anderson acceleration has been applied to ADMM, by treating it as a fixed‐point iteration for the concatenation of the dual variables and a subset of the primal variables. In this paper, we note that the equivalence between ADMM and Douglas‐Rachford splitting reveals that ADMM is in fact a fixed‐point iteration in a lower‐dimensional space. By applying Anderson acceleration to such lower‐dimensional fixed‐point iteration, we obtain a more effective approach for accelerating ADMM. We analyze the convergence of the proposed acceleration method on nonconvex problems, and verify its effectiveness on a variety of computer graphics including geometry processing and physical simulation.
The bean method as a tool to measure sensitive behavior
Authors: Jones Sorrel , Papworth Sarah , Keane Aidan M. , Vickery Juliet , St John Freya A. V. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractConservationists need to measure human behavior to guide decisions and evaluate their impact. However, activities can be misreported and reporting accuracy may change following conservation interventions, making it hard to verify any apparent changes. Techniques for asking sensitive questions are increasingly integrated into survey designs to improve data quality, but some can be costly or hard for nonexperts to implement. We demonstrate a straightforward, low‐cost approach, the bean method in which respondents give anonymous answers by adding a colored bean to a jar to denote a yes or no response. We applied the bean method to measure wild‐meat hunting and trading over 2 years at a conservation‐project (hunting reduction) site in Gola Forest, Liberia. We extended the technique to accommodate questions about hunting and meat‐selling frequency. We compared responses given using the bean method and direct questioning for groups that did and did not participate in conservation interventions. Results from the bean method corresponded to those from direct questioning, and there was no indication of change in question sensitivity following conservation interventions. Estimates from both methods indicated that wild‐meat trading decreased in project and nonproject households (from 36% to 20%) and that hunting decreased in 1 project group (38–28%). Where inconsistent answers were given (2–6% of respondents), differences were in both directions and were most likely attributable to measurement error. The bean method was quick and straightforward to administer in a low‐literacy setting. We showed how it can be modified for answers of more than 2 categories and consider it a valuable tool that could be adapted for a wide range of conservation settings.
A previously undescribed variant of cutaneous clear‐cell squamous cell carcinoma with psammomatous calcification and intratumoral giant cell granulomas
Authors: Rongioletti Franco , Ferreli Caterina , Atzori Laura , Smoller Bruce R. , Faa Gavino , Kutzner Heinz , Pilloni Luca 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCutaneous clear‐cell squamous cell carcinoma (ccSCC) is a rare variant of SCC composed of clear cells that lack cytoplasmic glycogen or evidence of tricholemmal keratinization. We report a previously undescribed variant of ccSCC with psammomatous calcification and intratumoral giant cell granulomas. The differential diagnosis with trichilemmal carcinoma is outlined according to the criteria of the fourth edition of World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Our findings outline that psammomatous calcification may occur inside the keratinous pearls of the neoplastic lobules triggering an intratumoral giant cell granulomatous reaction. The prognostic significance of this histopathological presentation is unknown but the potential for formation of psammoma bodies in cSCC should be considered to avoid diagnostic pitfalls.
943. DENDROBIUM HESPERIS
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Sharma Jyotsna , Isaac‐Williams Mark , Rawat Gopal Singh 
Published: August 2020

SummaryDendrobium hesperis (Seidenf.) Schuit. & P.B.Adams (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Dendrobieae), an interesting but lesser‐known orchid, referred to in earlier literature as Flickingeria hesperis Seidenf., was formerly believed to be endemic to the Gori Valley (Uttarakhand), the westernmost orchid hotspot in the Indian Himalayas. Originally described from western Himalayas in 1982, this species was later discovered in Manipur in northeast India in 2014, thereafter reported from Laos in 2020. This note is intended to provide correct nomenclature and updated distribution of this taxon along with diagnostic features and illustration to aid its identification.
Speed is Significant in Short‐Loop Experimental Learning: Iterating and Debugging in High‐Tech Product Innovation
Authors: Alblas Alex , Notten Miel 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTDigital technology is fundamental to experimentation, learning, and the rate of innovation. Digital technology facilitates the rapid distribution of experimental design and debug information. However, we should consider how this fundamentally changes organizational learning and experimentation when managing the rate of product innovation. We address this issue by investigating what drives experimentation‐based learning in high‐tech product innovation and production. The longitudinal dataset in our study consists of 216 projects over a period of almost 5 years, involving thousands of digitally recorded design iterations and design debugs. Based on a time series linear regression analysis, we demonstrate that learning from an accumulation of completed projects drives learning in experimentation more than failure experience in successfully completed design debugs. Furthermore, we show that processing iterations and debugs rapidly enhances the speed of product innovation learning as this allows for short‐loop experimentation that restricts superstitious learning when conditions change over time. The results also show this can be achieved using digital tools as a source of agility.