bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virgin Olive Oils from Super‐High‐Density Orchards in California: Impact of Cultivar, Harvest Time, and Crop Season on Quality and Chemical Composition
Authors: Polari Juan J. , Mori Mary , Wang Selina C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe impact of cultivar, harvest time, and crop season on olive fruit characteristics and olive oil quality and minor components composition is assessed for super‐high‐density “Arbequina”, “Arbosana”, and “Koroneiki” in California, United States, during 2016, 2017, and 2018. Fruit oil content reaches a plateau in November for “Arbequina” and “Arbosana,” while the accumulation rate keeps constant until early December for “Koroneiki.” Free fatty acids, diacylglycerols, pyropheophytins, and ΔK are not affected by any of the considered factors. Peroxide value, K232, and K270 decreases with harvest time. Chlorophylls content decreases with harvest time, more rapidly in “Arbequina” and “Arbosana” than in “Koroneiki”. Cultivar is the main factor affecting the fatty acid profile. “Koroneiki” has the highest oleic acid content, followed by “Arbosana” and “Arbequina.” Phenolic and volatile compounds are profoundly affected by cultivars and crop seasons, suggesting the relevance of these factors on the sensory and nutritional properties of virgin olive oil from super‐high‐density cultivars. Stepwise linear discriminant analysis allows selecting suitable markers among fatty acids, phenolic, and volatile compounds for cultivar, crop season, and harvest time discrimination.Practical Application: This paper constitutes the first report of a multiyear study considering quality and composition in bioactive compounds of super‐high‐density “Arbequina,” “Arbosana,” and “Koroneiki,” planted in California, USA. This information helps processors understand the differences in oil made from the most common super‐high‐density cultivars along harvest times and for growers to make planting and harvesting decisions.
Regioselective Electrochemical Cyclobutanol Ring Expansion to 1‐Tetralones
Authors: Petti Alessia , Natho Philipp , Lam Kevin , Parsons Philip J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA mild electrochemical method for the regioselective preparation of 1‐tetralones under environmentally friendly conditions from readily available cyclobutanols was developed. A series of aromatic‐ and heteroaromatic‐fused 1‐tetralones was accessed through ring expansion of the functionalized cyclobutanols via electrochemical generation of alkoxy radicals and intramolecular cyclization.
Effect of Adding Modified Clays on the Mechanical Behavior of PC/ABS Polymer Blend
Authors: da Silva Gabriela Escobar Hochmuller , Granada Jonas Eichelberger , de Melo Caio César Nogueira , Marini Juliano , de Oliveira Amanda Dantas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBentonite clay is surface modified and incorporated into PC/ABS (70/30) polymer blend by melt mixing in concentrations of 1, 3 and 5 wt% of clay. The efficiency of the treatments is analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) and x‐ray diffraction (XRD). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to evaluate the blends miscibility and morphology, respectively, and the mechanical behavior is analyzed by tensile tests. The methodologies used are efficient to modify the clay's surface. DSC and SEM showed that the blend remained immiscible with the addition of the fillers. The mechanical test showed an increase in the Young's modulus of the nanocomposite with addition of 1 wt% of the natural clay and a modification in the fracture behavior of the blend, from ductile to brittle, when 3 and 5 wt% of the organophilized clay are used.
Metastereotypes impairing doctor–patient relations: The roles of intergroup anxiety and patient trust
Authors: Xu Lulu , Sun Lining , Li Jiqiang , Zhao Huanhuan , He Wen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study examined whether patients' negative metastereotypes undermine their perception of doctor–patient relations through raising their intergroup anxiety and decreasing their trust level. One hundred twenty‐four outpatients from a Chinese hospital participated in this study; they were randomly assigned to either the negative metastereotype activation (NMSA) or the non‐NMSA condition according to different instructions. Then, they were asked to complete the Intergroup Anxiety, Patient Trust, and Doctor–Patient Relations Scale. Patients' negative metastereotypes undermined doctor–patient relations through the mediation of intergroup anxiety and patient trust (i.e., the independent mediation effect of intergroup anxiety and patient trust) and the serial mediation effect of intergroup anxiety and patient trust. These findings suggest that future research consider intergroup anxiety and patient trust in developing interventions to improve doctor–patient relations.
Sets without k‐term progressions can have many shorter progressions
Authors: Fox Jacob , Pohoata Cosmin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLet fs, k(n) be the maximum possible number of s‐term arithmetic progressions in a set of n integers which contains no k‐term arithmetic progression. For all fixed integers k > s ≥ 3, we prove that fs, k(n) = n2 − o(1), which answers an old question of Erdős. In fact, we prove upper and lower bounds for fs, k(n) which show that its growth is closely related to the bounds in Szemerédi's theorem.
Comparative Study on the Outcome of Periorbital Wrinkles Treated with Laser-Assisted Delivery of Vitamin C or Vitamin C Plus Growth Factors: A Randomized, Double-blind, Clinical Trial
Authors: Machado Barbara Helena Barcaro , Frame James , Zhang Jufen , Najlah Mohammad 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite promising results, laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD) is not yet considered as standard therapies and published data rely mainly on laboratory tests, animal experiments or cadaver skin.

Objectives
This double-blind, prospective, randomized clinical trial investigates the impact in topical application of vitamin C and a cosmeceutical containing growth factors (GFs) on periorbital wrinkles primarily treated with laser skin resurfacing.

Material and Methods
In total, 149 female patients with periorbital wrinkles were consented and randomized into two study groups, R-C (receiving vitamin C only) and R-CGF (receiving vitamin C and a cosmeceutical containing growth factors). The statistical analysis evaluated the efficacy of each treatment regimen using software readouts provided by a three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry system prior to treatment and three months after the procedure. Results were compared to confirm if there was a significant change in the skin roughness and the average depth of the wrinkles between the two groups after treatment.

Results
There was a significant reduction in both skin roughness and average depth of the wrinkles in the group treated with vitamin C and growth factors (p <0.01) than those treated with LADD followed by topical application of vitamin C alone. There were no cutaneous reactions or adverse systemic reactions observed in this study related to LADD with vitamin C and GFs.

Conclusion
Controlled laser application might have a great potential to facilitate the absorption of exogenous macromolecules by the skin. Periorbital wrinkles were reduced in both groups, but LADD using vitamin C and GFs provided significantly better results.

Level of Evidence II
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Assessing causality in epidemiology: revisiting Bradford Hill to incorporate developments in causal thinking
Authors: Shimonovich Michal , Pearce Anna , Thomson Hilary , Keyes Katherine , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe nine Bradford Hill (BH) viewpoints (sometimes referred to as criteria) are commonly used to assess causality within epidemiology. However, causal thinking has since developed, with three of the most prominent approaches implicitly or explicitly building on the potential outcomes framework: directed acyclic graphs (DAGs), sufficient-component cause models (SCC models, also referred to as ‘causal pies’) and the grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) methodology. This paper explores how these approaches relate to BH’s viewpoints and considers implications for improving causal assessment. We mapped the three approaches above against each BH viewpoint. We found overlap across the approaches and BH viewpoints, underscoring BH viewpoints’ enduring importance. Mapping the approaches helped elucidate the theoretical underpinning of each viewpoint and articulate the conditions when the viewpoint would be relevant. Our comparisons identified commonality on four viewpoints: strength of association (including analysis of plausible confounding); temporality; plausibility (encoded by DAGs or SCC models to articulate mediation and interaction, respectively); and experiments (including implications of study design on exchangeability). Consistency may be more usefully operationalised by considering an effect size’s transportability to a different population or unexplained inconsistency in effect sizes (statistical heterogeneity). Because specificity rarely occurs, falsification exposures or outcomes (i.e., negative controls) may be more useful. The presence of a dose-response relationship may be less than widely perceived as it can easily arise from confounding. We found limited utility for coherence and analogy. This study highlights a need for greater clarity on BH viewpoints to improve causal assessment.
We moeten innovatief blijven
Authors: Mulders Peter F.A. 
Published: December 2020

SamenvattingHet is alsof er niets aan de hand is: het abstractnummer van het Tijdschrift voor Urologie voor de najaarsvergadering 2020 ligt op uw deurmat. Recent heeft de wetenschappelijke commissie van de NVU de abstract selectie vergadering gehad. Digitaal, dat wel. Deze abstracts zijn geselecteerd na individueel scoren en bij discrepantie een ‘levendige’ digitale discussie. Moet wel anders zijn geweest. Maar ze zijn eruit gekomen en hebben een zeer gevarieerd wetenschappelijk programma kunnen samenstellen met de publicatie van de abstracts in dit nummer als hoogtepunt.
A child with spontaneous recovery of normal sinus rhythm from idiopathic complete atrioventricular block
Authors: Kao Ting-Wei , Kim Gi-Beom 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAtrioventricular block in children is not common but is a life-threatening disease. As no spontaneous regression of conductive disruption was reported, those sustaining idiopathic atrioventricular blocks are difficult to manage and often require pacemaker implantation. In this study, we presented the first case of a child who surprisingly recovered from idiopathic complete atrioventricular block without intervention 4 years after initial presentation.
Gender biased neuroprotective effect of Transferrin Receptor 2 deletion in multiple models of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Milanese Chiara , Gabriels Sylvia , Barnhoorn Sander , Cerri Silvia , Ulusoy Ayse , Gornati S. V. , Wallace Daniel F. , Blandini Fabio , Di Monte Donato A. , Subramaniam V. Nathan , Mastroberardino Pier G. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlterations in the metabolism of iron and its accumulation in the substantia nigra pars compacta accompany the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Changes in iron homeostasis also occur during aging, which constitutes a PD major risk factor. As such, mitigation of iron overload via chelation strategies has been considered a plausible disease modifying approach. Iron chelation, however, is imperfect because of general undesired side effects and lack of specificity; more effective approaches would rely on targeting distinctive pathways responsible for iron overload in brain regions relevant to PD and, in particular, the substantia nigra. We have previously demonstrated that the Transferrin/Transferrin Receptor 2 (TfR2) iron import mechanism functions in nigral dopaminergic neurons, is perturbed in PD models and patients, and therefore constitutes a potential therapeutic target to halt iron accumulation. To validate this hypothesis, we generated mice with targeted deletion of TfR2 in dopaminergic neurons. In these animals, we modeled PD with multiple approaches, based either on neurotoxin exposure or alpha-synuclein proteotoxic mechanisms. We found that TfR2 deletion can provide neuroprotection against dopaminergic degeneration, and against PD- and aging-related iron overload. The effects, however, were significantly more pronounced in females rather than in males. Our data indicate that the TfR2 iron import pathway represents an amenable strategy to hamper PD progression. Data also suggest, however, that therapeutic strategies targeting TfR2 should consider a potential sexual dimorphism in neuroprotective response.
The value of three narrow-band imaging model in the diagnosis of small colorectal polyps
Authors: Sha Jie , Wang Pin , Sang Nan , Zhang Huiai , Yang Aiping , Chen Lei , Gong Zewei , Li Chao , Qin Yumeng , Li Xueliang , Ji Yong , Gao Feng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis prospective study was aimed to evaluate the clinical value of narrow-band imaging (NBI), magnification endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (NBIME) and magnification endoscopy with acetic acid enhancement and narrow-band imaging (AA-NBIME) in the diagnosis of small colorectal polyps. We studied 261 small colorectal polyps from 122 patients with the use of above three techniques. Lesions were resected for histopathological analysis. The endoscopic images were independently reviewed by three experts and three non-experts and the diagnostic accuracy and image definition were compared among the modalities. The “experts-agreed” diagnostic accuracy was 87.7% for NBI versus 91.6% for NBIME versus 94.6% for AA-NBIME. The “non-experts-agreed” diagnostic accuracy was 80.1% for NBI versus 84.3% for NBIME versus 89.3% for AA-NBIME. All experts and non-experts diagnosed the small colorectal polyps statistically more accurately with AA-NBIME than NBI (P < 0.05). In all three modalities, the expert group’s diagnostic accuracies were statistically significantly higher compared with the non-expert group. For experts, the Kappa values for AA-NBIME, NBIME and NBI diagnosis were 0.962 (0.892–1.032), 0.577 (0.507–0.647) and 0.567 (0.497–0.637), respectively; while for nonexperts, 0.818 (0.748–0.888), 0.532 (0.462–0.602) and 0.530 (0.460–0.600). This demonstrated a good reproducibility of AA-NBIME diagnosis. The average scores (experts and non-experts) of images acquired using AA-NBIME were significantly higher than those acquired using NBIME and ME (P < 0.05). AA-NBIME is a promising tool to clearly visualize the mucosal pit pattern (PP) of colorectal polyps for better differentiating neoplastic polyps from non-neoplastic ones.
Peut-on parler de suprématie quantique ?
Authors: Le Bellac Michel 
Published: December 2020

Une équipe de Google (Arute et al.) a affirmé récemment avoir démontré la « suprématie quantique ».
Après avoir introduit brièvement les notions de qubit et d’ordinateur quantique, cet article se propose de définir aussi précisément que possible ce que recouvre le concept de suprématie quantique et examine dans quelle mesure les affirmations de Arute et al. sont fondées.
La (dis-)simulation FPU : une Femme Physicienne Underground
Authors: Dauxois Thierry 
Published: December 2020

La programmation de la toute première expérience numérique, dite de Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU), a été effectuée par une jeune femme nommée Mary Tsingou dont le nom a été malencontreusement oublié. Après plusieurs années de recherches infructueuses, il m’a été possible de retrouver sa trace tout près du lieu de ses premiers travaux.
Cette simulation numérique est d’une importance capitale en physique non linéaire.
Il est temps de faire réapparaitre le nom de Mary Tsingou, qui a été écrit à l’encre sympathique sur l’article fondateur : reconnaissons sa contribution et parlons désormais du problème de Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou (FPUT).
Von Pflanzenhäuptlingen und Tierlehrern
Authors: Storl Wolf-Dieter 
Published: December 2020

SummaryPflanzen spielen eine zentrale Rolle in der Heilkunde der Cheyenne. Für den Volksstamm sind Pflanzen – das grüne Volk – machtvolle Geistwesen. Weitere Elemente der Cheyenne-Tradition sind die Schwitzhütte und schamanische Heiltechniken. Zur Medizinperson wird man in der Regel bei einer Visionssuche berufen. Meistens sind es Tiergeister, die in einer Vision als Lehrer erscheinen.
Wandernde Krankheiten
Authors: Rätsch Christian 
Published: December 2020

SummaryKrankheiten werden von den Lakandonen anhand ihrer Schöpfungsgeschichte in drei Kategorien unterteilt: die Krankheiten des Waldes, die der Dörfer und die der Weißen. Die Lakandonen kennen Epidemien als wandernde Krankheiten: solche, die sich über die Luft von Mensch zu Mensch verbreiten. Jede Krankheit kann aus der Sicht der Lakandonen nur mit den Mitteln ihrer Ursprungskultur behandelt werden. Dieses Wissen hat dem Stamm schon oft das Leben gerettet.
Heilwege zu Harmonie und Schönheit
Authors: Blätter Andrea 
Published: December 2020

SummaryVorgestellt wird ein seit Jahrhunderten überlieferter Ritualzyklus von Heilgesängen, der von den Navajo im Südwesten der USA bis in die Gegenwart praktiziert wird. Für die Navajo sind Harmonie und Schönheit die zentralen Prinzipien des Lebens. Die Heilrituale zielen unter anderem darauf ab, diese Prinzipien zu erhalten und wiederherzustellen. Eine besondere Rolle in den Ritualen haben neben den Gesängen Sandbilder. Diese sind an bestimmte Zeremonien gebunden, werden innerhalb eines Tages erstellt und zerstört.
Rehabilitation einer instabilen Schulter bei einem Handballspieler
Authors: Klittmann Steffen 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDa posteriore Instabilitäten der Schulter in der Praxis selten anzutreffen sind, gibt es nur wenig Literatur zum klinischen Vorgehen in der physiotherapeutischen Untersuchung und Behandlung.In diesem Fallbericht wurde ein junger Patient mit dorsaler glenohumeraler Instabilität und einer Schwäche des M. serratus anterior mit Manueller Therapie und Übungstherapie untersucht und behandelt.
CRPS: Aktuelle Erkenntnisse und Empfehlungen aus der Forschung
Authors: Storz Claudia , Kraft Eduard 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungIn Punkto Prädiktion, Prävention und Therapie tut sich einiges in der CRPS-Forschung. Neue Ergebnisse räumen mit alten Mythen auf, vielversprechende präventive und therapeutische Ansätze werden entwickelt. So könnten irgendwann, bei ausreichender Datenlage, die Gabe von Vitamin C standardmäßig zur Prävention und Exergames zur Therapie des CRPS gehören.
Intramolecular Diels–Alder Reactions of Oxazoles, Imidazoles, and Thiazoles
Authors: Wipf Peter , Nguyen Thanh T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe development of the intramolecular Diels–Alder cycloaddition­ of azole heterocycles, i.e. oxazoles (IMDAO), imidazoles (IMDAI), and thiazoles (IMDAT), has had a significant impact on the efficient preparation of heterocyclic intermediates and natural products. In particular, highly efficient and versatile IMDAO reactions have been utilized as a key step in several synthetic schemes to provide alkaloids and terpenoid target molecules. More limited studies have been performed on IMDAI and IMDAT cycloadditions. Some drawbacks, such as the occasionally­ challenging preparation of IMDA precursors, are also highlighted in this review. Perspectives are provided on how IMDAI and IMDAT­ transformations can be further expanded for target-directed syntheses.1 Introduction2 Oxazoles2.1 IMDAO Approaches to Furanosesquiterpenes and Furanosteroids2.1.1 Syntheses of Highly Oxygenated Sesquiterpenes2.1.2 Syntheses of (±)-Gnididione and (±)-Isognididione2.1.3 Synthesis of (±)-Stemoamide2.1.4 Synthesis of (±)-Paniculide A2.1.5 Syntheses of (+)- and (–)-Norsecurinine2.1.6 Synthesis of Evodone2.1.7 Syntheses of (±)-Ligularone and (±)-Petasalbine2.1.8 Syntheses of Imerubrine, Isoimerubrine, and Grandirubrine2.1.9 Syntheses of Furanosteroids2.1.10 Syntheses of Substituted Indolines and Tetrahydroquinolines2.2 IMDAO Approaches to Pyridines: the Kondrat’eva Reaction2.2.1 Syntheses of Suaveoline and Norsuaveoline2.2.2 Synthesis of Eupolauramine2.2.3 Syntheses of (–)-Plectrodorine and (+)-Oxerine2.2.4 Synthesis of Amphimedine2.2.5 Synthetic Approach to the Western Segment of Haplophytine2.2.6 Synthesis of Marinoquinoline A2.2.6.1 IMDAO Approach to Marinoquinoline A2.2.6.2 Scope of Allenyl IMDAO Cycloaddition2.3 Lewis Acid Catalysis in IMDAO Reactions2.3.1 Effects of Europium Catalysts on IMDAO Reactions2.3.2 Effects of Copper Catalysts on IMDAO Reactions3 Imidazoles4 Thiazoles4.1 Syntheses of Menthane and Eremophilane4.2 Further Comments on the Intramolecular Cycloadditions of Thiocarbonyl Ylides5 Conclusions and Outlook
Perception management of non-sewered sanitation systems towards scheduled faecal sludge emptying behaviour change intervention
Authors: Cookey Peter Emmanuel , Kugedera Ziggy , Alamgir Muhammed , Brdjanovic Damir 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the influence of perception on behaviours associated with emptying of faecal sludge from non-sewered sanitation systems using findings from a study on the emptying behaviour of residents of Khulna city, Bangladesh. The purpose of the study was to highlight perception as a behaviour determinants as well as develop perception management strategies for the design, plan and implementation of effective behaviour change intervention programmes with a focus on ‘scheduled emptying’. The study uses a mixed-method cross-sectional approach to collect data through structured household questionnaire surveys, face-to-face key informant interviews, group interviews, and structured observations. The study revealed that the emptying behaviour of the community was reactive, untimely and unsafe and over half of the systems had never been emptied, which was traced to emptying perceptions that encouraged a laissez-faire attitude within households and the community. The study concluded by proposing a perception management model to achieve behaviour change towards scheduled emptying via perception change.
Sulfated glycosaminoglycans mediate prion-like behavior of p53 aggregates
Authors: Iwahashi Naoyuki , Ikezaki Midori , Nishikawa Taro , Namba Norihiro , Ohgita Takashi , Saito Hiroyuki , Ihara Yoshito , Shimanouchi Toshinori , Ino Kazuhiko , Uchimura Kenji , Nishitsuji Kazuchika 
Published: December 2020

Significance
Approximately 50 human diseases are associated with deposition of abnormally aggregated proteins that propagate in a prion-like manner. The tumor suppressor p53 forms amyloid-like aggregates; however, how p53 aggregates propagate remains unclear. Here, we identified heparan sulfate (HS), the common and major nonprotein component of in vivo deposits of various protein aggregates, as a mediator of prion-like propagation of p53 aggregates in cultured cells. Our immunohistochemical analysis showing codeposition of p53 and highly sulfated domains of HS in ovarian cancer tissues strongly support the role of HS-mediated propagation of p53 aggregates in cancer pathology. Accordingly, our results provide a mechanism of propagation of p53 aggregates that is mediated by HS. Elucidation of detailed biological relevance in cancer is warranted.