bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Manchester triage system for patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Kiblboeck Daniel , Steinrueck Klara , Nitsche Christian , Lang Wolfgang , Kellermair Joerg , Blessberger Hermann , Steinwender Clemens , Siostrzonek Peter 
Published: April 2020

Summary
Background
An early diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is crucial for treatment and prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Manchester triage system (MTS) for patients with ACS, e.g. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (N-STEMI) and unstable angina pectoris (UAP).

Methods
Retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with ACS (STEMI, N‑STEMI and UAP) who were triaged in the emergency department (ED) with the MTS.

Results
In this study 282 patients with ACS (STEMI: 34.0%, N‑STEMI: 61.7%, UAP: 4.3%) were triaged as MTS level 1 (immediate assessment): 0.4%, MTS level 2 (very urgent): 51.4%, MTS level 3 (urgent): 41.5%, MTS level 4 (standard): 6.7%, MTS level 5 (non-urgent): 0%. We observed significantly lower mean MTS levels in males (male: 2.48 ± 0.59, female: 2.68 ± 0.68, p = 0.02) and in patients younger than 80 years (age <80 years: 2.50 ± 0.61, age ≥80 years: 2.70 ± 0.67, p = 0.03). We did not find a significant difference of mean MTS levels in different types of ACS (STEMI: 2.46 ± 0.6, N‑STEMI: 2.59 ± 0.64, STEMI vs N‑STEMI: p = 0.11, UAP: 2.67 ± 0.65, STEMI vs UAP: p = 0.26) and with respect to diabetes (diabetic: 2.47 ± 0.57, non-diabetic: 2.58 ± 0.65, p = 0.13). The in-hospital mortality was 2.5% (MTS level 2: n = 3, MTS level 3: n = 3, MTS level 4: n = 1).

Conclusion
The majority of patients with ACS were classified as MTS levels 2 and 3. There was no significant difference of mean MTS levels in patients with STEMI, NSTEMI and UAP. In order to assure an early diagnosis of STEMI, an electrocardiogram (ECG) should be carried out immediately or at least within 10 min after first medical contact in the ED in all patients suspected for ACS, irrespective of the assigned MTS level.
Recent advances in our understanding of the organization of dorsal horn neuron populations and their contribution to cutaneous mechanical allodynia
Authors: Peirs Cedric , Dallel Radhouane , Todd Andrew J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe dorsal horns of the spinal cord and the trigeminal nuclei in the brainstem contain neuron populations that are critical to process sensory information. Neurons in these areas are highly heterogeneous in their morphology, molecular phenotype and intrinsic properties, making it difficult to identify functionally distinct cell populations, and to determine how these are engaged in pathophysiological conditions. There is a growing consensus concerning the classification of neuron populations, based on transcriptomic and transductomic analyses of the dorsal horn. These approaches have led to the discovery of several molecularly defined cell types that have been implicated in cutaneous mechanical allodynia, a highly prevalent and difficult-to-treat symptom of chronic pain, in which touch becomes painful. The main objective of this review is to provide a contemporary view of dorsal horn neuronal populations, and describe recent advances in our understanding of on how they participate in cutaneous mechanical allodynia.
Micro-Foundations of Diverging Economic Policies: Keynesian, Behavioural, Neoclassic
Authors: Schettkat Ronald 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGermany’s austerity-oriented economic policy is the wrong approach. Markets need demand stimulation to achieve full use of resources, argues Krugman, a Keynesian economist. Neoclassical economists have been warning that expansionary macroeconomic policies are not only useless but can even be harmful (e.g. Phelps). These stark differences in the evaluation of economic policy proposals are deeply rooted in their underlying microeconomic reasoning, in the theories of the motivation and behaviour of economic agents as investors, workers, consumers and speculators as well as their interactions. The claim of missing micro-foundations in Keynes’s theory is false. In contrast, recent findings of behavioural economics have strongly confirmed Keynes’s micro-foundations that lead to his macroeconomic conclusions.
Steady-State Large-Eddy Simulations of Convective and Stable Urban Boundary Layers
Authors: Grylls Tom , Suter Ivo , van Reeuwijk Maarten 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA comprehensive investigation is carried out to establish best practice guidelines for the modelling of statistically steady-state non-neutral urban boundary layers (UBL) using large-eddy simulation (LES). These steady-state simulations enable targeted studies under realistic non-neutral conditions without the complications associated with the inherently transient nature of the UBL. An extensive set of simulations of convective and stable conditions is carried out to determine which simplifications, volumetric forcings, and boundary conditions can be applied to replicate the mean and turbulent (variance and covariance) statistics of this intrinsically transient problem most faithfully. In addition, a new method is introduced in which a transient simulation can be ‘frozen’ into a steady state. It is found that non-neutral simulations have different requirements to their neutral counterparts. In convective conditions, capping the boundary-layer height h with the top of the modelled domain to h/5 and h/10 (which is common practice in neutral simulations) reduces the turbulent kinetic energy by as much as 61% and 44%, respectively. Consistent with the literature, we find that domain heights $$l_z \ge 5 |L|$$lz≥5|L| are necessary to reproduce the convective-boundary-layer dynamics, where L is the Obukhov length. In stably stratified situations, the use of a uniform momentum forcing systematically underestimates the mechanical generation of turbulence over the urban canopy layer, and therefore leads to misrepresentations of both the inner- and outer-layer dynamics. The new ‘frozen-transient’ method that is able to maintain a prescribed flow state (including entrainment at the boundary-layer top) is shown to work well in both stable and convective conditions. Guidelines are provided for future studies of the capped and uncapped convective and stable UBL.
Safety and tolerability of subcutaneous trastuzumab at home administration, results of the phase IIIb open-label BELIS study in HER2-positive early breast cancer
Authors: Denys Hannelore , Martinez-Mena Corina L. , Martens Marc T. , D’Hondt Randal G. , Graas Marie-Pascale L. , Evron Ella , Fried Georgeta , Ben-Baruch Noa E. , Vulsteke Christof , Van Steenberghe Mona M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The subcutaneous (SC) administration of trastuzumab is highly preferred by patients. At home, administration of trastuzumab SC might further improve patient benefit. The aims of the BELIS study are to evaluate the safety and tolerability of trastuzumab SC when administered at home by a healthcare professional (HCP) and to evaluate patient-reported outcomes for treatment experience of at home cancer therapy.

Methods
This open-label phase IIIb study enrolled HER2-positive early breast cancer patients in Belgium and Israel who completed the first six cycles of trastuzumab IV (neo)adjuvant therapy. The study consisted of three consecutive treatment periods: three cycles of trastuzumab IV and SC each at the hospital and six cycles of trastuzumab SC at home.

Results
Between November 2013 and December 2014, 23 centres enrolled 102 patients in the intent-to-treat population of which 101 patients entered the safety population. No new safety signals were detected with as expected, more mild administration site events with trastuzumab SC when compared to IV treatment. All patients agreed that they had benefit from at home administration to a large (18/81; 22%) or very large (63/81; 78%) extent. All HCPs (21/21) agreed that SC is the quickest method from start of preparation to finish of administration and that less resource use is needed.

Conclusion
The results of the BELIS study support that trastuzumab SC can be safely administered at home by a HCP and all patients considered this setting as beneficial. HCPs consider the SC formulation as the quickest method to administer trastuzumab.

Trial registration
EudraCT Identifier: 2013-000123-13. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01926886.
Toward the visual understanding of computing curricula
Authors: Takada Shingo , Cuadros-Vargas Ernesto , Impagliazzo John , Gordon Steven , Marshall Linda , Topi Heikki , van der Veer Gerrit , Waguespack Leslie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVarious computing subdisciplines, such as computer science and software engineering, each have their own curricular guidelines. They can be very difficult to understand and compare for people such as prospective students, industry personnel, and even faculty members. This is compounded by a lack of information surrounding undergraduate computing curricular topics via visual methods. This paper describes two experimental activities where the objective is to explore the possibility of obtaining quantitative data sets necessary for visualization, one based on competencies and the other based on knowledge areas. Both activities were based on surveys. The results from the first activity showed that a consensus interpretation could be obtained for the knowledge, skills, and dispositions implied by the competency descriptions, although not as strongly for dispositions. The second activity resulted in a table of knowledge areas with minimum and maximum weights for six computing subdisciplines. Finally, this paper also shows two examples of how users can explore the various curricular guidelines through visualization.
Commitment Versus Discretion in Climate and Energy Policy
Authors: Habermacher Florian , Lehmann Paul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo decarbonize the power sector, policy-makers need to commit to long-term credible rules for climate and energy policy. Otherwise, risk of opportunistic policy-making will impair investments into low-carbon technologies. However, the future benefits and costs of decarbonization are subject to substantial uncertainties. Thus, there may also be societal gains from allowing policy-makers the discretion to adjust the policies as new information becomes available. We examine how this trade-off between policy commitment—either unconditional or state-contingent—and discretion affects the optimal intertemporal design of market-based instruments in the power sector. Using a dynamic partial equilibrium model, we show that commitment to a state-contingent level of ambition for the market-based instrument leads to higher welfare than both unconditional commitment and discretion. With benefit uncertainty, the choice between the practically more feasible approaches of unconditional commitment and discretion is analytically ambiguous. A basic numerical illustration suggests that policy discretion may outperform unconditional commitment in terms of welfare. However, this result is reversed when only a limited fraction of benefit uncertainty resolves in reasonable time, when future policy-makers have own agendas, or when investors are risk-averse. With cost uncertainty, policy discretion is welfare-superior if the government can commit to a technology deployment target.
Christiaan Sybesma (August 31, 1928–January 31, 2018), an extraordinary biophysicist of our time
Authors: Vredenberg Wim J. , Govindjee Govindjee 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe provide here a brief Tribute to Christiaan Sybesma (1928–2018), a highly respected biophysicist of our time. We remember him by giving a brief highlight of his life and a glimpse of his outstanding contributions in photosynthesis. He was a charming and highly respected scientist of our time.
A Generalized Proof-Theoretic Approach to Logical Argumentation Based on Hypersequents
Authors: Borg AnneMarie , Straßer Christian , Arieli Ofer 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this paper we introduce hypersequent-based frameworks for the modelling of defeasible reasoning by means of logic-based argumentation and the induced entailment relations. These structures are an extension of sequent-based argumentation frameworks, in which arguments and the attack relations among them are expressed not only by Gentzen-style sequents, but by more general expressions, calledhypersequents. This generalization allows us to overcome some of the known weaknesses of logical argumentation frameworks and to prove several desirable properties of the entailments that are induced by the extended (hypersequent-based) frameworks. It also allows us to incorporate as the deductive base of our formalism some well-known logics (like the intermediate logic , the modal logic , and the relevance logic ), which lack cut-free sequent calculi, and so are not adequate for standard sequent-based argumentation. We show that hypersequent-based argumentation yields robust defeasible variants of these logics, with many desirable properties.
Epistemic value in the subpersonal vale
Authors: Carter J. Adam , Rupert Robert D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA vexing problem in contemporary epistemology—one with origins in Plato’sMeno—concerns the value of knowledge, and in particular, whether and how the value of knowledge exceeds the value of mere (unknown) true opinion. The recent literature is deeply divided on the matter of how best to address the problem. One point, however, remains unquestioned: that if a solution is to be found, it will be at the personal level, the level at which states of subjects or agents, as such, appear. We take exception to this orthodoxy, or at least to its unquestioned status. We argue that subpersonal states play a significant—arguably, primary—role in much epistemically relevant cognition and thus constitute a domain in which we might reasonably expect to locate the “missing source” of epistemic value, beyond the value attached to mere true belief.
Antioxidant defence barrier of great tit Parus major nestlings in response to trace elements
Authors: Koim-Puchowska Beata , Drozdz-Afelt Joanna M. , Lamparski Robert , Menka Aleksandra , Kaminski Piotr 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMetals can have direct and indirect effects on the generation of reactive oxygen species in wild birds. The aim of this work has been to examine the effect of exposure to trace metals (copper Cu, iron Fe, cobalt Co, manganese Mn) on oxidative stress biomarkers such as lipoperoxidation TBARS and level of superoxide dismutase SOD, catalase CAT, and reduced glutathione GSH in the livers and kidneys of great tit Parus major nestlings (n = 165, 63 broods) living in polluted environments associated with soda plants and agricultural activities (Kujawy region) and from a reference site (Tuchola Forest), both in the north of Poland. As we predicted, the level of TBARS in both organs of chicks from polluted areas was higher than in those from reference site. This could be connected with Fe concentrations, particularly in areas adjacent to soda plants (livers Rs = 0.49, p < 0.002; kidneys Rs = 0.69, p < 0.001). We also showed differences in the level of antioxidants depending on the environment. CAT activity was higher in nestlings from Kujawy than in those from Tuchola. Meanwhile SOD activity (both organs) and GSH levels (kidneys) were lower in the polluted area compared to the reference site. Concentrations of Cu, Fe, Co, and Mn may play a role in regulating the antioxidant system components’ activity.
Integrating autonomously navigating assistance systems into the clinic: guiding principles and the ANTS-OR approach
Authors: Bernhard Lukas , Ostler Daniel , Feußner Hubertus , Wilhelm Dirk 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Autonomously self-navigating clinical assistance systems (ASCAS) seem highly promising for improving clinical workflows. There is great potential for easing staff workload and improving overall efficiency by reducing monotonous and physically demanding tasks. However, a seamless integration of such systems into complex human-supervised clinical workflows is challenging. As of yet, guiding principles and specific approaches for solving this problem are lacking.

Methods
We propose to treat ASCAS orchestration as a scheduling problem. However, underlying objectives and constraints for this scheduling problem differ considerably from those found in other domains (e.g., manufacturing, logistics). We analyze the clinical environment to deduce unique needs and conclude that existing scheduling approaches are not sufficient to overcome these challenges.

Results
We present four guiding principles, namely human precedence, command structure, emergency context and immediacy, that govern the integration of self-navigating assistance systems into clinical workflows. Based on these results, we propose our approach, namely Auto-Navigation Task Scheduling for Operating Rooms (ANTS-OR), for solving the ASCAS orchestration problem in a surgical application scenario, employing a score-based scheduling strategy.

Conclusion
The proposed approach is a first step toward addressing the ASCAS orchestration problem for the OR wing. We are currently advancing and validating our concept using a simulation environment and aim at realizing a dynamic end-to-end ASCAS orchestration platform in the future.
Facets of Mindfulness in Stages of Behavior Change Toward Organic Food Consumption
Authors: Richter Nadine , Hunecke Marcel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe preference of organically grown foods can potentially decrease greenhouse gas emissions, which are related to climate change. Recent empirical studies suggest associations between dispositional mindfulness and self-reported pro-environmental behavior. In order to identify the potential and mechanisms of mindfulness with regard to pro-environmental behaviors, it is necessary to consider theories of action.MethodsThe present study examines the relationship between five facets of self-attributed mindfulness and organic food consumption considering a stage model of behavior change that includes different types of intentions and stage-specific predictors adapted from the theory of planned behavior and the norm-activation model. A cross-sectional online study was conducted with a sample of 560 participants. The mean age of the participants was 30 (SD = 10.5) years, and the sample consisted largely of females (76%). A minority reported regular meditation practice (8%).ResultsThe multivariate analyses showed a significant relationship between observing and goal intention (β = .317,p < .000) as well as the indirect effects of observing on goal intention that is mediated by personal norms and attitude. Further, people in the postaction stage have higher levels of observing than those in the predecision stage (p = .003,d = .43). Overall, the mindfulness facets contribute low to the explained variance of the stage model variables.ConclusionConsistent across the analyses, the mindfulness facet of observing was proved to be a particularly relevant predictor of organic food consumption-related variables. The investigation of the observing facet could be beneficial to understand associated mechanisms and starting points to promote pro-environmental behavior through mindfulness.
Blocking of Stimulus Control and Conditioned Reinforcement
Authors: Vandbakk Monica , Olaff Heidi Skorge , Holth Per 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStimuli with no specific biological relevance for the organism can acquire multiple functions through conditioning procedures. Conditioning procedures involving compound stimuli sometimes result in blocking, related to the phenomenon of overshadowing. This can affect the establishment of conditioned stimuli in classical conditioning and discriminative stimuli in operant conditioning. The aim of the current experiment was to investigate whether a standard blocking procedure might block the establishment of a conditioned reinforcer—in addition to blocking discriminative control by that stimulus in rats. We used successive discrimination training to establish a tone or a light as a discriminative stimulus for chain pulling, upon which an unconditioned reinforcer (water) was contingent. Next, we trained a tone–light compound stimulus the same way. Finally, we conducted two tests, one for stimulus control and one for a conditioned reinforcing effect on a new response. Little or no discriminative control was evident by the second stimulus, which was added to the previously established discriminative stimulus later during training. The subsequent test showed blocking of conditioned reinforcement in five of the seven rats. Procedures that generate blocking can have a practical impact on attempts to establish discriminative stimuli and/or conditioned reinforcers in applied settings and needs careful attention.
The contribution of religious education and ethics to the development of worldviews: reflections of Finnish 9th grade students
Authors: Kavonius Marjaana , Ubani Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to discuss the role of religious education and ethics instruction in the development of worldviews in public education using empirical data. The research question of the article is: How is the contribution of RE and Ethics in the development of worldviews perceived among 9th grade students? The study is based on qualitative interview data (N = 37) gathered from Finnish 9th grade students of different religious and worldview backgrounds. The article will also describe three cases from that sample: from Islamic RE, Lutheran RE and Ethics instruction. The data was analyzed with qualitative content analysis. The results indicate that students’ perceptions on the contribution of RE or ethics to the development of their worldviews could be divided into two groups: RE or Ethics were seen as contributors to students’ already existing worldviews or considered insignificant in relation to the development of their worldviews. Whether the instruction was considered strengthening or irrelevant in the development of a worldview did not depend on the background of the student. Aspects related to experiences about the instruction were intertwined with the questions referring to the contribution of instruction in the formation of worldviews.