bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROFITING ON INEFFICIENCIES IN BETTING DERIVATIVE MARKETS: THE CASE OF UEFA EURO 2012
Authors: Cortis Dominic , Hales Steve , Bezzina Frank 
Published: August 2020

This paper investigates whether it is possible to profit from market inefficiencies on betting exchanges during short tournaments. We describe how a Monte Carlo simulation method, with an inbuilt noise parameter applied on '1X2' markets, can be used to determine odds for derivative markets. In cases of mismatch between model and market odds, a modified Kelly strategy is proposed to determine the percentage of own funds placed against the market. When this proposal is applied to the UEFA European Nations association football tournament 2012, two important findings emerge: (a) a profit of circa 12% of allocated funds was generated, and (b) the profit is not contingent on the noise parameter, thus indicating the possibility of arbitrage between different betting markets. The proposed method can be extended to other sports provided the competition consists of a group stage held over a short period of time.
AN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL REVIEW OF GAMBLING IN GREAT BRITAIN
Authors: Forrest David 
Published: August 2020

The paper considers the nature and scale of the benefits and costs of gambling, with special reference to machine gaming. Although the industry is argued to be unlikely to have a significant macroeconomic impact, evidence is consistent with it generating considerable benefits to individual (responsible) consumers, whether measured by consumer surplus or through the pattern of responses to a wellbeing question. At the same time, a minority of users of gaming facilities, problem gamblers, appear to make consistently flawed decisions such that those with gambling disorder experience exceptionally low wellbeing. Public policy and regulatory decisions should consider the effects, on the margin, on both the net benefits to recreational gamblers and the net costs to problem gamblers. Many policy decisions may involve a trade-off between the welfare of recreational gamblers and the welfare of problem gamblers. Contemporary interest in targeted policies appears to represent an attempt to avoid the need to confront such a trade-off by searching for policies which are aimed very explicitly at problem gamblers alone.
GAMBLING DEMAND: A META-ANALYSIS OF THE PRICE ELASTICITY
Authors: Gallet Craig Arthur 
Published: August 2020

Many studies have examined the demand for gambling, providing roughly 200 estimates of the price elasticity associated with horse racing, casino gaming, and the lottery. Treating these price elasticities as observations of the dependent variable in a meta-regression model, several features of the literature are found to influence the price responsiveness of gambling. For instance, the price elasticity of casino gambling is lowest in absolute value, while the price elasticities of horse racing and the lottery are of similar value. Also, not only are there regional differences in the price elasticity of gambling, but other model features, such as the functional form of gambling demand, are found to influence the price elasticities.
WHO PLAYS THE LOTTERY? FINDINGS FROM NEW JERSEY LOTTERY SALES
Authors: Suk David , Han Ki C , Lee Sukhun , Sung Hyun Mo 
Published: August 2020

Despite the very unfavorable odds and low payout ratios, many people play lottery games all over the world, and the number of participants is growing. While surveys and empirical tests have been performed to characterize the demographics of lottery players, there is still no consensus on who they are. The present study aims to provide an in-depth and clearer profile of said participants. The analysis is based on New Jersey lottery sales from 2001 to 2010. Our findings indicate that the typical lottery consumer in the state of NJ would be (1) male or female with a greater participation by females, (2) in his/her 20s to late-30s, or senior citizens in their 70s, (3) a minority, (4) a high school graduate with no further educational degree, (5) from a below-average income family, (6) and a home renter instead of a home owner. As for lottery game preferences, African-Americans and Hispanics have a strong preference for both the Instant Match and Mega Millions. Lastly, it appears that the economic climate has little effect on the socio-demographic factors influencing lottery purchasing behavior.
Developing a Profile of Lotto Players in Korea
Authors: Lee Sukhun , Sung Hyunmo 
Published: August 2020

Given the potential impact lottery gambling has on individual lives, especially on low-income earners and adolescents, extensive studies have been conducted to develop a comprehensive profile of lottery participants in North America, Europe and to a lesser extent, East Asia. However, studies on the characteristics of Korean lottery participants are missing in the literature even though in 2013, Korea’s Lotto lottery sales were around US$3.035 billion and ranked 22nd in terms of worldwide total lottery sales. Using Lotto lottery sales and corresponding socio-demographic data, the current study developed a profile of lottery participants in Korea. The findings indicate that the typical lottery consumer in Korea would be an individual whose income falls in the middle to below middle-income brackets and has at most a high school degree. In addition, both widows and widowers are major participants in lottery gambling. However, married, higher-income, and college-educated individuals are not active participants in the Lotto. The above profile is similar to that of lottery players around the globe. However, there are two differences between the profiles of Korean players and those from the rest of the world. First, males around the globe (except Thailand) are more active lottery participants than females. However, in Korea, there does not appear to be a significant difference in participation rates by gender. Second, people in their mid-20s to mid-60s have the highest participation rate around the globe. Korean society, in contrast, has no one age group that dominates lottery sales.
Genetic Risk Factors and Lysosomal Function in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Vieira Barroso Montenegro Marcella , Eduardo de Melo Amaral Carlos , Carlos Santana da Silva Luiz 
Published: August 2020

Parkinson disease is a complex disease that has multiple genetic and environmental factors. To achieve the early diagnosis and to be able to modify the disease progression, efforts are being made to identify individuals at risk. About 20 year ago, an evidence of major prevalence of Parkinsonism in patients with Gaucher Disease reported by studies worldwide led to the putative involvement of the GBA gene. Nowadays, the link from a rare disease with a common disease is well known and it is confirmed that mutations in the GBA gene are the most important genetic risk factor. Apart from rare mutations, genetic association studied appointed common variants in genes well associated with familial cases as LRRK2 and SNCA may also contribute to the increased risk for sporadic cases. Other common variants in the MAPT gene were also reported. At least, genetic studies have been observed an excessive burden of relevant variants in genes with lysosomal function. Thus, a synergistic action of variants in genes that codifies proteins involved with the lysosome may be a mean of modulating the risk. In this chapter, we review the most robust genetic risk factor and the relevance of lysosomal function for Parkinson disease.
Identificación y valoración de los puntos de interés didáctico del municipio de Águilas
Authors: Escaravajal Rodríguez Juan Carlos , Blázquez Perán Juana Ester 
Published: August 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo es identificar y valorar los puntos de interés didáctico turístico existentes en Águilas. En cuanto a la metodología, mediante un diseño observacional, se ha utilizado el método cualitativo a través de una hoja de observación, para valorar diversos factores asociados a los puntos de interés. La muestra está compuesta por 59 bienes patrimoniales, y para el análisis de los datos se ha realizado una estadística descriptiva de frecuencias y porcentajes. En base a los resultados obtenidos, se puede concluir que Águilas posee al menos 59 puntos de interés, éstos se encuentran en un estado de conservación principalmente desfavorable, la mayoría puede visitarse sin inconvenientes, un importante porcentaje no es accesible para personas con movilidad reducida y, además, la mayoría no posee información “in situ”. A partir de estos datos se pueden iniciar y valorar diversas propuestas para facilitar el acercamiento del patrimonio a los ciudadanos.

The aim of this project is to identify and assess every existent didactic point of interest in Águilas. Regarding the methodology, using an observational design, a qualitative method through an observation sheet has been employed; in order to assess different factors associated to these points of interest. The sample is made of 59 heritage assets and, for the data analysis, a descriptive statistics of frequency and percentages were created. According to the results, it can be concluded that Águilas has at least 59 points of interest, these are now in an unfavorable condition, and although the majority of them can be visited without any inconvenient, a significant percentage is not accessible to people with reduced mobility and moreover, the majority of them does not have on-site information. From this data we can start and assess several proposals in order to bring this heritage closer to the citizens
Trichophyton rubrum DNA Strains in Patients with Onychomycosis with Persistent Mixed Infections Involving a Nondermatophyte Mold
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Nakrieko Kerry-Ann 
Published: August 2020

Background
Onychomycosis is estimated to occur in approximately 10% of the global population, with most cases caused by Trichophyton rubrum. Some persistent onychomycosis is caused by mixed infections of T rubrum and one or more co-infecting nondermatophyte molds (NDMs). In onychomycosis, T rubrum strain types may naturally switch and may also be triggered to switch in response to antifungal therapy. T rubrum strain types in mixed infections of onychomycosis have not been characterized.

Methods

T rubrum DNA strains in mixed infections of onychomycosis containing co-infecting NDMs were compared with a baseline North American population through polymerase chain reaction amplification of ribosomal DNA tandemly repetitive subelements (TRSs) 1 and 2. The baseline DNA strain types were determined from 102 clinical isolates of T rubrum. The T rubrum DNA strain types from mixed infections were determined from 63 repeated toenail samples from 15 patients.

Results
Two unique TRS-2 types among the clinical isolates contributed to four unique TRS-1 and TRS-2 strain types. Six TRS-1 and TRS-2 strain types represented 92% of the clinical isolates of T rubrum. Four TRS-1 and TRS-2 strain types accounted for 100% of the T rubrum within mixed infections.

Conclusions
Four unique North American T rubrum strains were identified. In support of a shared ancestry, the T rubrum DNA strain types found in mixed infections with NDMs were among the most abundant types. A population of T rubrum strains in mixed infections of onychomycosis has been characterized, with more than one strain detected in some nails. The presence of a co-infecting NDM in mixed infections may contribute to failed therapy by stabilizing the T rubrum strain type, possibly preventing the antifungal therapy–induced strain type switching observed with infections caused by T rubrum alone.
Exploring the classification of cancer cell lines from multiple omic views
Authors: Yang Xiaoxi , Wen Yuqi , Song Xinyu , He Song , Bo Xiaochen 
Published: August 2020

Background
Cancer classification is of great importance to understanding its pathogenesis, making diagnosis and developing treatment. The accumulation of extensive omics data of abundant cancer cell line provide basis for large scale classification of cancer with low cost. However, the reliability of cell lines as in vitro models of cancer has been controversial.

Methods
In this study, we explore the classification on pan-cancer cell line with single and integrated multiple omics data from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) database. The representative omics data of cancer, mRNA data, miRNA data, copy number variation data, DNA methylation data and reverse-phase protein array data were taken into the analysis. TumorMap web tool was used to illustrate the landscape of molecular classification.The molecular classification of patient samples was compared with cancer cell lines.

Results
Eighteen molecular clusters were identified using integrated multiple omics clustering. Three pan-cancer clusters were found in integrated multiple omics clustering. By comparing with single omics clustering, we found that integrated clustering could capture both shared and complementary information from each omics data. Omics contribution analysis for clustering indicated that, although all the five omics data were of value, mRNA and proteomics data were particular important. While the classifications were generally consistent, samples from cancer patients were more diverse than cancer cell lines.

Conclusions
The clustering analysis based on integrated omics data provides a novel multi-dimensional map of cancer cell lines that can reflect the extent to pan-cancer cell lines represent primary tumors, and an approach to evaluate the importance of omic features in cancer classification.
Validating 3-Phosphoinositide Dependent Protein Kinase-1 as a Drug Target in African Trypanosoma
Authors: Chisompola Namaunga Kasumu 
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Human African trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease that is transmitted to the mammalian host through the bite of an infected tsetse fly of the genus Glossina species. The disease is caused by two species, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, disease outcome is dependent on the infective species. Currently, treatment of African trypanosomiasis is dependent on drugs that are highly toxic and drug resistance has been observed. Therefore, there is a need for development of new drugs and vaccines. The genome of T. brucei has been completely sequenced and analysis of the kinome has revealed 156 eukaryotic protein kinases. One such kinase is a homolog of the mammalian 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK-1), a member of the AGC family of protein kinases which shares 35% similarity with the human PDK-1.
Methods: In this study, RNA interference of 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 was carried out to investigate the effect of gene knock down on Trypanosoma brucei brucei.
Results: Trypanosoma brucei 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 is important in T. brucei brucei cell proliferation. Further investigations using DAPI and fluorescence microscopy showed that gene knockdown had an impact on cell phenotype.
Conclusion: RNA interference was effective in knocking down genes corresponding to Trypanosoma brucei 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1. Findings of the study demonstrate that TbPDK-1 is important in cell proliferation in blood stream form Trypanosoma brucei brucei. These results validate TbPDK-1 as a potential drug target for African trypanosomes.
Effect of Different Defoliants and Time of Application on Defoliation Percentage and Boll Opening Percentage in High Density Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Chandrasekaran P. , Ravichandran V. , Senthil A. , Mahalingam L. , Sakthivel N. 
Published: August 2020

Aims: To evaluate the time and type of chemical defoliants to improve the mechanical and manual picking of high density cotton CO 17 in terms of higher defoliation and increase boll opening percentage.
Study Design: The study was performed in split plot design with seven treatments and four replications.
Place and Duration of Study: This field study was carried out in Department of Crop Physiology TNAU, Coimbatore during September 2019 to January 2020.
Methodology: Three time of defoliants application (120 Days After Sowing (DAS), 127 DAS and 134 DAS) for main plot and seven treatment levels of Control, 2, 4 D (0.5%), Ethephon (0.5%), Ethephon (0.5%) + TIBA (450 ppm), Sodium chlorate (0.9%), 6-BAP (0.1%), Thidiazuron + Diuron (0.03%) for sub plot.
Results: Defoliation percentage was significantly enhanced from 4 days after defoliants spray. Boll opening percentage also increased with defoliants spray when compared to control plants. Although a significant effect was observed on SPAD value, NDVI value and seed cotton yield.
Conclusion: From this study, application of Thidiazuron + Diuron (0.03%) and Sodium chlorate (0.9%) had significantly positive effect in per cent defoliation and boll opening percentage and it will work better in young cotton plants compare to mature one.
The Esophageal Diverticulum: About Two Cases
Authors: Brahmi Yasser El , Achour Youssef , Rebbani Mohammed , Ehirchiou Abdelkader , Ali Abdelmounaim Ait 
Published: August 2020

The hypopharyngeal diverticulum of the cervical esophagus, also knows as Zenker's diverticulum, is the most common esophageal diverticulum. It develops at the junction of the hypopharynx and the esophagus. The most present symptom is dysphagia. Between the period of 01/01/2018 to 31/12/2018, we accessed two patients with esophageal diverticulum.both underwent surgical treatment - diverticulectomy at department of the visceral surgery II of the Military Hospital Mohamed V of Rabat.Morocco.
The aim of this report is to evaluate the diagnostic methods and the surgical outcomes by comparing them to others technics used in the treatment of the esophageal diverticulum.
Education, intelligence, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Linjing , Tang Lu , Xia Kailin , Huang Tao , Fan Dongsheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically investigate causal relationships between educational attainment, cognitive‐related phenotypes, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodsSummary statistics from genome‐wide association studies for educational attainment, math ability, highest math class taken, cognitive performance, intelligence, and ALS were used. A two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design was applied to explore the potential causal associations between them.ResultsGenetically predisposition to longer educational attainment and harder math class taken were associated with significantly lower statistical odds ratio of ALS. For per year increase in education completed there was a 21% lower (95% confidence interval [CI] = 27–14%) in risk for ALS. For per 1‐SD increase in the highest math class taken obtained there was a 19% lower (95% CI = 9–28%) in risk for ALS. Genetically predisposition to math ability, cognitive performance, and intelligence did not decrease the risk of ALS.InterpretationThis study provides genetic support for a causal association between higher educational attainment and a lower risk of ALS. The genes related to these phenotypes are involved in almost all aspects of neuron‐to‐neuron communication. ALS patients are occasionally accompanied by varying degrees of cognitive impairment. People with greater cognitive reserve may be better able to offset damages of degenerative brain changes associated with dementia or other brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, or ALS.
Grain Shape Dynamics for Molecular Simulations at the Mesoscale
Authors: Martzel Nicolas , Dequidt Alain , Devémy Julien , Blaak Ronald , Garruchet Sebastien , Latour Benoit , Goujon Florent , Munch Etienne , Malfreyt Patrice 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCoarse‐graining routines are necessary for simulating systems involving large molecules. However, their accuracy is limited by excessive simplifications that are made during the upscaling procedure. The time autocorrelation of the shape anisotropy of grains in cis‐polybutadiene chains is computed, and it is concluded that the image of a grain as an undeformable object is no longer valid at high level of coarse‐graining. A model for the joint dynamics of the centers of mass and the shapes of grains, which are calculated from the positions of the atoms they represent, is introduced. The model reproduces the distribution and dynamics of the shape of a single‐grain oligomer in various solvents, opening a route to physical modeling of complex systems such as proteins, biological cells, or realistic polymer melts.
Encephalopathy and brain atrophy during induction chemotherapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Li Qiao‐Ru , Fu Si‐Mao , Mo Yin‐Lei , Li Yu , Liang Cong , Wang Li‐Na , Tang Wen‐Yan , Huang Li‐Bin , Luo Xue‐Qun , Tang Yan‐Lai 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe MRI showed encephalopathy and brain atrophy of the left parietal lobe, occipital lobe and temporal lobe and decreased infiltration of the dura mater on T2‐weighted imaging. But encephalopathy and brain atrophy could be improved with neurotrophic drugs and additional intelligence teaching.
Macroevolutionary integration of phenotypes within and across ant worker castes
Authors: Friedman Nicholas R. , Lecroq Bennet Beatrice , Fischer Georg , Sarnat Eli M. , Huang Jen‐Pan , Knowles L. Lacey Knowles , Economo Evan P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPhenotypic traits are often integrated into evolutionary modules: sets of organismal parts that evolve together. In social insect colonies, the concepts of integration and modularity apply to sets of traits both within and among functionally and phenotypically differentiated castes. On macroevolutionary timescales, patterns of integration and modularity within and across castes can be clues to the selective and ecological factors shaping their evolution and diversification. We develop a set of hypotheses describing contrasting patterns of worker integration and apply this framework in a broad (246 species) comparative analysis of major and minor worker evolution in the hyperdiverse ant genusPheidole. Using geometric morphometrics in a phylogenetic framework, we inferred fast and tightly integrated evolution of mesosoma shape between major and minor workers, but slower and more independent evolution of head shape between the two worker castes. Thus,Pheidoleworkers are evolving as a mixture of intracaste and intercaste integration and rate heterogeneity. The decoupling of homologous traits across worker castes may represent an important process facilitating the rise of social complexity.