bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Truck Platooning Under Real Traffic Conditions: First Insights on Behavioral Adaptations and Gap Preference of Professional Drivers
Authors: Castritius Sarah-Maria , Dietz Christoph Johannes , Schubert Patric , Moeller Johanna , Morvilius Simone , Hammer Sabine , Tran Chung Anh , Haas Christian T. 
Published: March 2020

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate (1) how different gap sizes are perceived by professional truck drivers under real traffic conditions and (2) whether semi-automated platoon driving leads to changes in driving behavior of subsequent manual driving. Background Platoon driving is a current branch in the development of automated driving in which two or more vehicles build a convoy. The lead vehicle is controlled manually while following vehicles are electronically coupled to it and drive semi-automated with small gaps in order to achieve a better traffic flow and potential fuel savings. Method In a real road experiment, 10 trained professional truck drivers completed a total of 33 test drives with a two-truck platoon on the German highway A9 with a gap size of either 15 or 21 m, in the leading and the following vehicle. Results (1) The drivers experienced both gap sizes as comfortable and preferred the smaller gap size of 15 m. (2) Both gap sizes led to significantly higher standard deviation of lane position in post- compared to pre-platoon driving. No significant difference in distance keepings in post- compared to pre-platoon driving occurred. Qualitative data give hints on difficulties, when switching back to regular truck driving. Conclusion The results implicate that small gap sizes are perceived as comfortable by drivers and that platoon driving has an influence on subsequent manual driving. Application Countermeasures to behavioral adaptations should be considered in order to ensure a safe conduction of platoon driving.
Biological Regeneration of Articular Cartilage in an Early Stage of Compartmentalized Osteoarthritis: 12-Month Results
Authors: Schinhan Martina , Toegel Stefan , Weinmann Daniela , Schneider Eleonora , Chiari Catharina , Gruber Martin , Nehrer Stefan , Windhager Reinhard 
Published: March 2020

Background: Biological regeneration in an early stage of osteoarthritis (OA) is an important clinical challenge. An early-stage compartmentalized OA model was used to evaluate different biological regeneration techniques. Hypothesis: Biological regeneration in an early stage of compartmentalized OA is possible. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A 7-mm cartilage defect was surgically created in 24 sheep. After 3 months, by which time early OA had set in, the sheep were randomized into 4 different treatment groups and operated for the second time. One group (CONTROL) served as a long-term follow-up group for the further development of OA. The other 3 groups (regeneration groups) each underwent a different regeneration procedure after abrasion of the subchondral bone (defect size: 20 × 10 mm with a depth of 2.5 mm): spongialization alone (SPONGIO), spongialization followed by implantation of an unseeded hyaluronan matrix (MATRIX), or spongialization followed by implantation of a hyaluronan matrix seeded with autologous chondrocytes (MACT). Then, 12 months after the second operative procedure, the animals were euthanized and the defects subjected to macroscopic and histological grading. Historical 4-month data were compared with the 12-month results. Results: After 12 months of follow-up, advanced cartilage degeneration was observed in the CONTROL group. On the other hand, all regeneration groups improved significantly compared with the 4-month results using the Mankin score. Cartilage quality in the MACT group was significantly better than in the MATRIX group, as determined by the Mankin and the O’Driscoll scores. Conclusion: There are no existing clinical options for preventing early OA from progressing to a severe disease. This study provides important information on how a surgical intervention can forestall the development of OA. Clinical Relevance: OA of the knee is very common. Total joint replacement is not an acceptable option for active patients. Biological regeneration in OA is successful for focal cartilage defects; however, a long-term follow-up for biological regeneration in OA is missing. It is essential to have long-term results for a regenerative procedure involving cartilage, which is a tissue with a very slow turnover.
Insights into hospital readmission patterns of atrial fibrillation patients
Authors: Bumpus Sherry , Krallman Rachel , McMahon Colin , Gupta Ashwin , Montgomery Daniel , Kline-Rogers Eva , Vaishnava Prashant 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Patients admitted to the hospital with atrial fibrillation have associated morbidity and mortality and incur significant costs. Data characterizing atrial fibrillation patients at high risk for readmission are scarce. We sought to inform this area by characterizing and categorizing unplanned readmissions of atrial fibrillation patients. Methods: Retrospective data were abstracted from the charts of patients discharged from 2008 to 2012 after an index hospitalization for atrial fibrillation and referred to the nurse practitioner-led transitional care program, Bridging the Discharge Gap Effectively. Unplanned readmissions were dichotomized as early (⩽30 days) or late (31–180 days) and further classified as either “atrial fibrillation/atrial fibrillation-related” (AF/AF-related), “Cardiac; not AF/AF-related,” or “Not cardiac-related.” Case classifications were adjudicated by a senior cardiologist. Patient demographics and readmission characteristics were then compared. Results: Of 255 patients, 97 (38.0%) had unplanned readmissions within 180 days of discharge; 45 (46.4%) were early and 52 (53.6%) were late. Atrial fibrillation and cardiac causes accounted for 68.9% ( n=31) of early readmissions and 65.4% ( n=34) of late. Patients with late readmissions were more likely to have diabetes (32.7% vs. 17.7%, p=.022) and higher CHA2DS2VASc scores (3.63 vs. 2.98, p=0.026) than those not readmitted. No other differences in baseline characteristics were seen within or between groups. The 30-day all-cause readmission rate in this sample was 17.6% ( n=45). Conclusion: Readmissions following hospital discharge for atrial fibrillation are common; approximately 50% of these readmissions are for reasons unrelated to atrial fibrillation. In order to reduce atrial fibrillation-related readmissions, further research is needed to characterize predictors of readmission and to develop effective transitional care interventions.
Pin1 plays a key role in the response to treatment and clinical outcome in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Knowlson Catherine , Haddock Paula , Bingham Victoria , McQuaid Stephen , Mullan Paul B. , Buckley Niamh E. 
Published: March 2020

Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the subset of breast cancer associated with the poorest outcome, and currently lacks targeted treatments. Standard of care (SoC) chemotherapy often consists of DNA damaging chemotherapies ± taxanes, with a range of responses observed. However, we currently lack biomarkers to predict this response and lack alternate treatment options. Methods: Pin1 expression was modulated in vitro and proliferation and treatment response was studied. Pin1 expression was analysed in patient samples and correlated with clinical outcome. Results: In this study, we have shown that the prolyl isomerase, Pin1, which is highly expressed in TNBC, plays a key role in pathogenesis of the disease. Knockdown of Pin1 in TNBC resulted in cell death while the opposite is seen in normal cells. We revealed for the first time that loss of Pin1 leads to increased sensitivity to Taxol but only in the absence of functional BRCA1. Conversely, loss of Pin1 results in decreased sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents independent of BRCA1 status. Analysis of Pin1 gene or IHC-based expression in over 200 TNBC patient samples revealed a novel role for Pin1 as a TNBC-specific biomarker, with high expression associated with improved outcome in the context of SoC chemotherapy. Preliminary data indicated this may be extended to other treatment options (e.g. Cisplatin/Parp Inhibitors) that are gaining traction for the treatment of TNBC. Conclusions: This study highlights the important role played by Pin1 in TNBC and highlights the context-dependent functions in modulating cell growth and response to treatment.
Cough reflex sensitivity and urge-to-cough deterioration in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Ebihara Takae , Gui Peijun , Ooyama Chika , Kozaki Koichi , Ebihara Satoru 
Published: March 2020

Cough, an important respiratory symptom, predominantly involves the brainstem and the urge-to-cough (UTC) is modulated by the cerebral cortex. Lewy body disease is associated with decreased cough reflex sensitivity and central respiratory chemosensitivity. Additionally, the insula, associated with the UTC, shows decreased activation and atrophy in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We investigated the relationships between cognition and cough reflex and the UTC and compared the differences in responses of patients with DLB and other dementia subtypes.We conducted a cross-sectional study within a geriatric ward of a university hospital involving elderly patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD), DLB, or non-dementia (controls). The cough reflex sensitivities were estimated based on the lowest concentrations of inhaled citric acid that could induce ≥2 coughs (C2) or ≥5 coughs (C5). Subjects were asked to rate the UTC based on the threshold concentrations (Cu) using the modified Borg scale.C2, C5and Cuwere negatively correlated with cognitive function in female participants but not in males (p<0.01). The cough reflex sensitivities expressed as C2and C5were significantly higher in the DLB group than in the AD and control groups (p<0.01 adjusted for gender). The UTC threshold expressed as Cuwas also significantly higher in the DLB group, while the UTC log–log slope was less responsive in the DLB group than in the other groups.The cough reflex sensitivity and perceived UTC deteriorated in the DLB group more than in the other groups. This result might be valuable in treating patients with DLB.
Comparative genomics analysis of c-di-GMP metabolism and regulation in Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Chen Meng , Xu Chun-Yang , Wang Xu , Ren Chong-Yang , Ding Jiao , Li Li 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Cyanobacteria are of special concern because they proliferate in eutrophic water bodies worldwide and affect water quality. As an ancient photosynthetic microorganism, cyanobacteria can survive in ecologically diverse habitats because of their capacity to rapidly respond to environmental changes through a web of complex signaling networks, including using second messengers to regulate physiology or metabolism. A ubiquitous second messenger, bis-(3′,5′)-cyclic-dimeric-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP), has been found to regulate essential behaviors in a few cyanobacteria but not Microcystis, which are the most dominant species in cyanobacterial blooms. In this study, comparative genomics analysis was performed to explore the genomic basis of c-di-GMP signaling in Microcystis aeruginosa.

Results
Proteins involved in c-di-GMP metabolism and regulation, such as diguanylate cyclases, phosphodiesterases, and PilZ-containing proteins, were encoded in M. aeruginosa genomes. However, the number of identified protein domains involved in c-di-GMP signaling was not proportional to the size of M. aeruginosa genomes (4.97 Mb in average). Pan-genome analysis showed that genes involved in c-di-GMP metabolism and regulation are conservative in M. aeruginosa strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed good congruence between the two types of phylogenetic trees based on 31 highly conserved protein-coding genes and sensor domain-coding genes. Propensity for gene loss analysis revealed that most of genes involved in c-di-GMP signaling are stable in M. aeruginosa strains. Moreover, bioinformatics and structure analysis of c-di-GMP signal-related GGDEF and EAL domains revealed that they all possess essential conserved amino acid residues that bind the substrate. In addition, it was also found that all selected M. aeruginosa genomes encode PilZ domain containing proteins.

Conclusions
Comparative genomics analysis of c-di-GMP metabolism and regulation in M. aeruginosa strains helped elucidating the genetic basis of c-di-GMP signaling pathways in M. aeruginosa. Knowledge of c-di-GMP metabolism and relevant signal regulatory processes in cyanobacteria can enhance our understanding of their adaptability to various environments and bloom-forming mechanism.
Developing evidence-based guidance for assessment of suspected infections in care home residents
Authors: Hughes Carmel , Ellard David R. , Campbell Anne , Potter Rachel , Shaw Catherine , Gardner Evie , Agus Ashley , O’Reilly Dermot , Underwood Martin , Loeb Mark , Stafford Bob , Tunney Michael 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to update and refine an algorithm, originally developed in Canada, to assist care home staff to manage residents with suspected infection in the United Kingdom care home setting. The infections of interest were urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections and skin and soft tissue infection.

Method
We used a multi-faceted process involving a literature review, consensus meeting [nominal group technique involving general practitioners (GPs) and specialists in geriatric medicine and clinical microbiology], focus groups (care home staff and resident family members) and interviews (GPs), alongside continual iterative internal review and analysis within the research team.

Results
Six publications were identified in the literature which met inclusion criteria. These were used to update the algorithm which was presented to a consensus meeting (four participants all with a medical background) which discussed and agreed to inclusion of signs and symptoms, and the algorithm format. Focus groups and interview participants could see the value in the algorithm, and staff often reported that it reflected their usual practice. There were also interesting contrasts between evidence and usual practice informed by experience. Through continual iterative review and analysis, the final algorithm was finally presented in a format which described management of the three infections in terms of initial assessment of the resident, observation of the resident and action by the care home staff.

Conclusions
This study has resulted in an updated algorithm targeting key infections in care home residents which should be considered for implementation into everyday practice.
ANACONDA: a new tool to improve mortality and cause of death data
Authors: Mikkelsen Lene , Moesgaard Kim , Hegnauer Michael , Lopez Alan D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The need to monitor the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and to have access to reliable and timely mortality data has created a strong demand in countries for tools that can assist them in this. ANACONDA (Analysis of National Causes of Death for Action) is a new tool developed for this purpose which allows countries to assess how accurate their mortality and cause of death are. Applying ANACONDA will increase confidence and capacity among data custodians in countries about their mortality data and will give them insight into quality problems that will assist the improvement process.

Methods
ANACONDA builds on established epidemiological and demographic concepts to operationalise a series of 10 steps and numerous sub-steps to perform data checks. Extensive use is made of comparators to assess the plausibility of national mortality and cause of death statistics. The tool calculates a composite Vital Statistics Performance Index for Quality (VSPI(Q)) to measure how fit for purpose the data are. Extracts from analyses of country data are presented to show the types of outputs.

Results
Each of the 10 steps provides insight into how well the current data is describing different aspects of the mortality situation in the country, e.g. who dies of what, the completeness of the reporting, and the amount and types of unusable cause of death codes. It further identifies the exact codes that should not be used by the certifying physicians and their frequency, which makes it possible to institute a focused correction procedure. Finally, the VSPI(Q) allows periodic monitoring of data quality improvements and identifies priorities for action to strengthen the Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) system.

Conclusions
ANACONDA has demonstrated the potential to dramatically improve knowledge about disease patterns as well as the functioning of CRVS systems and has served as a platform for galvanising wider CRVS reforms in countries.
Efficacy of the interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT) in patients with bipolar disorder: results from a real-world, controlled trial
Authors: Steardo Luca , Luciano Mario , Sampogna Gaia , Zinno Francesca , Saviano Pasquale , Staltari Filippo , Segura Garcia Cristina , De Fazio Pasquale , Fiorillo Andrea 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Bipolar disorder (BD) is one of the most burdensome mental disorder, with a lifetime prevalence of 2.4%, with a prevalence of 0.6% for bipolar type I and 0.4% for bipolar type II. Several interventions have been developed to implement the treatment strategy of bipolar disorder, including the Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT). This intervention has been specifically developed to manage patients’ stressful life events, improve the disruptions of social and circadian rhythms and increase adherence to medications. The aim of the present study is to assess the efficacy of IPSRT on affective and anxiety psychopathology, social functioning, response to pharmacological treatment and affective morbidity index (AMI) in BD patients.

Methods
BD patients were consecutively recruited at the Mood Disorder Unit of the University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” and randomly assigned to the experimental group receiving the IPSRT or to the Treatment as Usual (TAU) group. Patients were assessed at baseline, after 3 and 6 months with several validated assessment tools and with the affective morbidity index.

Results
At the end of the intervention, compared to controls, patients from the experimental group reported a significant improvement in anxious depressive and manic symptomatology, global functioning; and response to mood stabilizers. Patients in the IPSRT group reported a reduction at the AMI score.

Conclusions
IPSRT has been confirmed to be effective in improving the clinical symptomology of BD patients and in improving the affective morbidity index. Further studies with longer follow-up are needed in order to assess the stability of the results.
Trial registration The study was approved by the local ethical review board (N001567/28.01.2018)
The dosimetric impact of replacing the TG-43 algorithm by model based dose calculation for liver brachytherapy
Authors: Duque Anna Sophie , Corradini Stefanie , Kamp Florian , Seidensticker Max , Streitparth Florian , Kurz Christopher , Walter Franziska , Parodi Katia , Verhaegen Frank , Ricke Jens , Belka Claus , Fonseca Gabriel Paiva , Landry Guillaume 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To compare treatment plans for interstitial high dose rate (HDR) liver brachytherapy with 192Ir calculated according to current-standard TG-43U1 protocol with model-based dose calculation following TG-186 protocol.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated dose volume histogram (DVH) parameters for liver, organs at risk (OARs) and clinical target volumes (CTVs) of 20 patient cases diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Dose calculations on a homogeneous water geometry (TG-43U1 surrogate) and on a computed tomography (CT) based geometry (TG-186) were performed using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The CTs were segmented based on a combination of assigning TG-186 recommended tissues to fixed Hounsfield Unit (HU) ranges and using organ contours delineated by physicians. For the liver, V5Gy and V10Gy were analysed, and for OARs the dose to 1 cubic centimeter (D1cc). Target coverage was assessed by calculating V150, V100, V95 and V90 as well as D95 and D90. For every DVH parameter, median, minimum and maximum values of the deviations of TG-186 from TG-43U1 were analysed.

Results
TG-186-calculated dose was found to be on average lower than dose calculated with TG-43U1. The deviation of highest magnitude for liver parameters was -6.2% of the total liver volume. For OARs, the deviations were all smaller than or equal to -0.5 Gy. Target coverage deviations were as high as -1.5% of the total CTV volume and -3.5% of the prescribed dose.

Conclusions
In this study we found that TG-43U1 overestimates dose to liver tissue compared to TG-186. This finding may be of clinical importance for cases where dose to the whole liver is the limiting factor.
Platelets count and platelets indices; mean platelet volume and plateletcrit in pediatric chronic lung disease
Authors: Draz Iman H. , Shaheen Iman A. , Youssef Eman A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe lungs contribute in the final maturation of the circulating platelets, and some studies suggested that chronic lung disease (CLD) could impair circulating platelets maturation or count. Our aim was to study the validity of platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), and plateletcrit (PCT) as simple tools to assess chronic lung disease severity or predict its course.ResultsIn 39 pediatric patients with CLD, we showed a significant rise in PLTs and PCT and a significant lower MPV when compared to normal controls (Pvalues 0.003, 0.010, 0.004, respectively). Also, a significant positive correlation was detected between the C reactive protein (CRP) level and both the PLTs and PCT (r0.327, 0.363 respectively) in addition to a significant reduction in MPV level in relation to the age of disease onset (Pvalue 0.031).ConclusionThis study disagrees with the postulation that chronic lung disease could lead to the reduction of circulating platelets and emphasizes the role of increased platelets count and decreased MPV in reflecting the inflammatory condition underlying the chronic lung disease in the pediatric age group.