bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An ecofriendly synthesized gold nanoparticles induces cytotoxicity via apoptosis inHepG2cells
Authors: Nandhini Joseph T. , Ezhilarasan Devaraj , Rajeshkumar Shanmugam 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMicrobes have long been used for the synthesis of a variety of nanoparticles. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the primary liver cancer and it is the second leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide. In this study, we have synthesizedEnterococcusmediated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and investigated their cytotoxic potential against human hepatocellular cancer cell line (HepG2). AuNPs were synthesized usingEnterococcussp. RMAA. HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of AuNPs for 24 hours and cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTT ((4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. AuNPs induced reactive oxygen species expression was analyzed by 2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining. Morphological changes related to apoptosis was analyzed by annexin V/propidium iodide staining. Protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was done by western blotting analysis. Bacterial‐mediated AuNPs caused significant cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. AuNPs treatment also caused the significant expression of ROS and morphological damage related to apoptosis. AuNPs treatments were responsible for the dislocation of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol. The protein expression of PCNA was significantly decreased upon AuNPs treatment. These findings suggest thatEnterococcus‐mediated AuNPs can inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells via intracellular ROS mediated apoptosis, decreased PCNA expressions, and it may have the potential to treat HCC.
Enzymatic hydrolysis behavior on malt bagasse for fermentative sugar disposal in thermostatic and ultrasonic bath
Authors: Artifon Wagner , Dalastra Caroline , Kubeneck Simone , Klanovicz Natalia , Luzzi Siane Camila , Mazutti Marcio A. , Priamo Wagner L. , Bender João Paulo , Alves Sérgio L. , Fongaro Gislaine , Treichel Helen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on malt bagasse for fermentative sugar extraction in thermostatic and ultrasonic bath. The enzymatic reaction was performed using cellulase, α‐amylase, and amyloglucosidase (in separate and combined) on malt bagasse to analyze the hydrolysis effect. For this, a central composite rotational design was applied to evaluate the effect of solid:liquid (malt bagasse w/v) versus enzymatic concentration, considering cellulase, α‐amylase, and amyloglucosidase enzymes in mix solution, on fermentable sugars liberation. Then the kinetic fermentative sugars liberation was evaluated in a hydrolysis reaction using cellulase, α‐amylase, and amyloglucosidase (in separate and combined) after exposure in thermostatic and ultrasonic bath. From enzymatic mix, the maximum total reducing sugar (TRS) yield was 408.8 and 219.9 mg·g−1 in thermostatic and in ultrasound bath, respectively. Kinetic studies showed a TRS variation of 6 to 7 g·L−1 for all enzymes. Amyloglucosidase was more promising in assimilation of malt bagasse, responsible for 43% of sugar releasing. Briefly, a low‐cost procedure using thermostatic bath improved the hydrolysis reaction. The results from the experiments present a new application where malt bagasse can be employed showing the potential of this brewing industry residue in fomenting processes, as bioethanol production.
Asking Questions Is Just the First Step: Using Upward and Downward Scaffolds
Authors: Zucker Tricia A. , Cabell Sonia Q. , Oh Yoonkyung , Wang Xiaoning 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTheory and research have demonstrated the importance of teacher scaffolding to facilitate effective classroom conversations during shared book reading. When teachers scaffold conversations, young students can develop language skills more quickly. The authors describe a scaffolding framework and findings from research on how open‐ended questions provide the first step in facilitating extended conversations that adjust scaffolding upward and downward to match student responses. The authors then outline suggestions for how teachers can scaffold conversations during shared book reading.
Normal cavum veli interpositi at 14–17 gestational weeks: three‐dimensional and Doppler transvaginal neurosonographic study
Authors: Birnbaum R. , Barzilay R. , Brusilov M. , Wolman I. , Malinger G. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo provide evidence to support the hypothesis that the midline cyst‐like fluid collection that is frequently observed on fetal brain ultrasound (US) imaging during the early second trimester represents a normal transient cavum veli interpositi (CVI).MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of 89 three‐dimensional normal fetal brain volumes, acquired by transvaginal US imaging in 87 pregnant women between 14 and 17 gestational weeks. The midsagittal view was studied using multiplanar imaging, and the maximum length of the fluid collection located over (dorsal to) the tela choroidea of the third ventricle was measured. We calculated the correlation of the transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD) and of the maximum length of the fluid collection with gestational age according to last menstrual period. Color Doppler images were analyzed to determine the location of the internal cerebral veins with respect to the location of the fluid collection. Reports of the second‐trimester anatomy scan at 22–24 weeks were also reviewed.ResultsInterhemispheric fluid collections of various sizes were found in 55% (49/89) of the volumes (mean length, 5 (range, 3.0–7.8) mm). There was a strong correlation between TCD and gestational age (Pearson's correlation, 0.862; P < 0.001). There was no correlation between maximum fluid length and gestational age (Pearson's correlation, –0.442; P = 0.773). Color Doppler images were retrieved in 32 of the 49 fetuses; in 100% of these, the internal cerebral veins coursed within the echogenic roof of the third ventricle. The midline structures were normal at the 22–24‐week scan in all cases.ConclusionsIn approximately half of normal fetuses, during the evolution of the midline structures of the brain, various degrees of fluid accumulate transiently in the velum interpositum, giving rise to a physiologic CVI. Patients should be reassured that this is a normal phenomenon in the early second trimester that, if an isolated finding, has no influence on fetal brain development. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Doppler changes in umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, cerebroplacental ratio and ductus venosus during open fetal microneurosurgery for intrauterine open spina bifida repair
Authors: Cruz‐Martínez R. , Gámez‐Varela A. , Cruz‐Lemini M. , Martínez‐Rodríguez M. , Luna‐García J. , López‐Briones H. , Chavelas‐Ochoa F. , Chávez‐González E. , Aguilar‐Vidales K. , Chávez‐Vega J. , Castelo‐Vargas A. , Rivera‐Carrillo P. , Hernández‐Andrade E. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo describe changes in fetal Doppler parameters during a novel technique for open fetal microneurosurgery for open spina bifida (OSB) repair.MethodsThis was a prospective study of 44 fetuses undergoing open fetal surgery for OSB repair using a novel microneurosurgery approach that is characterized by a mini‐hysterotomy (diameter of 15 mm), minimal fetal manipulation and maintenance of a constant normal amniotic fluid volume throughout the procedure. Doppler velocimetry of the umbilical artery (UA), fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) and ductus venosus (DV) was performed before the start of surgery and at prespecified timepoints during fetal surgery. UA pulsatility index (PI) > 95th percentile, DV‐PI > 95th percentile, MCA‐PI < 5th percentile and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) < 5th percentile were considered abnormal.ResultsMedian gestational age at fetal surgery was 25.2 weeks (range, 22.9–27.9 weeks). Doppler recordings were successfully obtained in all cases during all timepoints throughout the surgery. As compared with Doppler values before surgery, there was a significant increase in the proportion of fetuses with MCA‐PI < 5th percentile (63.6% vs 13.6%; P < 0.001), CPR < 5th percentile (65.9% vs 15.9%; P < 0.001) and DV‐PI > 95th percentile (22.7% vs 0%; P = 0.01) and a non‐significant increase in the proportion of fetuses with UA‐PI > 95th percentile (11.4% vs 0%; P = 0.12) during fetal surgery. None of the fetuses showed absent or reversed end‐diastolic velocity in the UA or absent or reversed DV a‐wave at any stage during OSB repair. All abnormal Doppler parameters returned to normal after surgery.ConclusionsDuring open fetal surgery for OSB repair, a small hysterotomy, reduced fetal manipulation and maintenance of a normal amniotic fluid volume seem to prevent severe fetal Doppler abnormalities. The mild Doppler changes observed during fetal surgery could be a manifestation of fetal adaptation to the stress of fetal surgery. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Heterogeneity in defining fetal corpus callosal pathology: systematic review
Authors: Mahallati H. , Sotiriadis A. , Celestin C. , Millischer A. E. , Sonigo P. , Grevent D. , O'Gorman N. , Bahi‐Buisson N. , Attié‐Bitach T. , Ville Y. , Salomon L. J. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveFetal anomalies of the corpus callosum (CC) have been reported in the prenatal imaging literature since 1985, and, especially when isolated, pose challenges for both the patient and fetal medicine specialist. The purpose of this study was to review systematically the literature on prenatally diagnosed abnormalities of the CC, focusing on the terminology used to describe abnormalities other than complete agenesis of the CC, and to assess the heterogeneity of the nomenclature and definitions used.MethodsThis study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews. A literature search was performed to identify prospective or retrospective case series or cohort studies, published in English, French, Italian, German or Spanish, reporting fetal imaging findings and describing anomalies of the CC. Quality and risk of bias of the studies were evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale and a modification of the scale developed by Conde‐Agudelo et al. for other fetal imaging studies. The data extracted included the number of patients, the number of different anomalies identified, the descriptive names of the anomalies, and, where applicable, the definitions of the anomalies, the number of cases of each type of anomaly and the biometric charts used. Secondary tests used to confirm the diagnosis, as well as the postnatal or post‐termination tests used to ascertain the diagnosis, were also recorded.ResultsThe search identified 998 records, and, after review of titles and abstracts and full review of 45 papers, 27 studies were included initially in the review, of which 24 were included in the final analysis. These 24 studies had a broad range of quality and risk of bias and represented 1135 cases of CC anomalies, of which 49% were complete agenesis and the remainder were described using the term partial agenesis or nine other terms, of which five had more than one definition.ConclusionsIn comparison to the postnatal literature, in the prenatal literature there is much greater heterogeneity in the nomenclature and definition of CC anomalies other than complete agenesis. This heterogeneity and lack of standard definitions in the prenatal literature make it difficult to develop large multicenter pooled cohorts of patients who can be followed in order to develop a better understanding of the genetic associations and neurodevelopmental and psychological outcomes of patients with CC anomalies. As this information is important to improve counseling of these patients, a good first step towards this goal would be to develop a simpler categorization of prenatal CC anomalies that matches better the postnatal literature. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Bayesian modeling of the mind: From norms to neurons
Authors: Rescorla Michael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBayesian decision theory is a mathematical framework that models reasoning and decision‐making under uncertain conditions. The past few decades have witnessed an explosion of Bayesian modeling within cognitive science. Bayesian models are explanatorily successful for an array of psychological domains. This article gives an opinionated survey of foundational issues raised by Bayesian cognitive science, focusing primarily on Bayesian modeling of perception and motor control. Issues discussed include the normative basis of Bayesian decision theory; explanatory achievements of Bayesian cognitive science; intractability of Bayesian computation; realist versus instrumentalist interpretation of Bayesian models; and neural implementation of Bayesian inference.This article is categorized under:
Philosophy > Foundations of Cognitive Science
Contaminated aquatic sediments
Authors: Hossain Fahim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAquatic sediments are contaminated by different anthropogenic activities and natural deposition. This review manuscript has discussed on published manuscript in 2019 based on monitoring and identification of contaminants, GIS application and isotopic evaluation for monitoring of pollutants, physicochemical and biochemical fate and transport of the pollutants as well as remediation and toxicity analysis so that environmental and ecological impacts due to pollution can be minimized.
Combating disinformation in a social media age
Authors: Shu Kai , Bhattacharjee Amrita , Alatawi Faisal , Nazer Tahora H. , Ding Kaize , Karami Mansooreh , Liu Huan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe creation, dissemination, and consumption of disinformation and fabricated content on social media is a growing concern, especially with the ease of access to such sources, and the lack of awareness of the existence of such false information. In this article, we present an overview of the techniques explored to date for the combating of disinformation with various forms. We introduce different forms of disinformation, discuss factors related to the spread of disinformation, elaborate on the inherent challenges in detecting disinformation, and show some approaches to mitigating disinformation via education, research, and collaboration. Looking ahead, we present some promising future research directions on disinformation.This article is categorized under:Algorithmic Development > MultimediaCommercial, Legal, and Ethical Issues > Social ConsiderationsApplication Areas > Education and Learning
Hydrological Management for Submersed Aquatic Vegetation in South Carolina Coastal Impoundments
Authors: Bauer Beau A. , Kaminski Richard M. , Lanham J. Drew , Gerard Patrick D. , Wiggers Ernie P. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTWe conducted a field experiment to test effects of complete drawdown to dried substrates versus partial (shallow water, 0–10 cm) drawdown on widgeongrass (Ruppia maritima) and other native submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV) biomass (dry) in managed brackish tidal impoundments (hereafter, impoundments) in the Ashepoo, Combahee, and Edisto Rivers Basin, South Carolina, USA. We sampled SAV in 20 impoundments (complete drawdown, n = 8; partial drawdown, n = 12) during August 2016, November 2016, January 2017, and April 2017. We detected a drawdown effect on SAV biomass for August 2016 samples before Hurricane Matthew in October 2016, which subsequently confounded drawdown treatment effects. Mean SAV biomass in August 2016 was nearly 4 times greater in partially drawndown ( = 35.98 g/m2 ± 6.05 [SE]) than completely drawndown impoundments ( = 9.52 g/m2 ± 7.41). We suggest partial drawdowns to promote SAV biomass in coastal South Carolina and other south Atlantic brackish wetlands. We also encourage managers to conduct complete drawdowns periodically to reduce flocculent soils and organic matter and promote rooting by SAV. Our results may aid the Atlantic Coast Joint Venture of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan to estimate potential energetic carrying capacity of brackish impoundments in South Carolina and elsewhere as applicable for wintering ducks and American coots (Fulica americana), and to illustrate the effect of a hurricane that decreases SAV biomass in impounded wetlands. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
LOCAL FORMULAS FOR MULTIPLICATIVE FORMS
Authors: CABRERA A. , MĂRCUŢ I. , SALAZAR M. A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe provide explicit formulas for integrating multiplicative forms on local Lie groupoids in terms of infinitesimal data. Combined with our previous work [8], which constructs the local Lie groupoid of a Lie algebroid, these formulas produce concrete integrations of several geometric stuctures defined infinitesimally. In particular, we obtain local integrations and non-degenerate realizations of Poisson, Nijenhuis–Poisson, Dirac, and Jacobi structures by local symplectic, symplectic-Nijenhuis, presymplectic, and contact groupoids, respectively.
Purpura anularis teleangiectodes
Authors: Burghaus Jana , Enk Alexander , Toberer Ferdinand 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Purpura anularis teleangiectodes (PAT) ist eine seltene Erkrankung aus dem Spektrum der hämorrhagisch pigmentierten Dermatosen, die vorzugsweise junge Frauen betrifft und klinisch durch symmetrische, anuläre Erytheme mit Teleangiektasien an der unteren Extremität imponiert. Histologisch zeigen sich oberflächlich dermal gelegene Erythrozytenextravasate begleitet von einem lymphozytären Entzündungsinfiltrat. Als Auslöser können häufig Medikamente identifiziert werden. In idiopathischen Fällen werden kortisonhaltige Externa eingesetzt. Auch eine Kompressionsbehandlung kann unterstützend sinnvoll sein.
Human carnosinase 1 overexpression aggravates diabetes and renal impairment in BTBROb/Ob mice
Authors: Qiu Jiedong , Albrecht Thomas , Zhang Shiqi , Hauske Sibylle J. , Rodriguez-Niño Angelica , Zhang Xinmiao , Nosan Darya , Pastene Diego O. , Sticht Carsten , Delatorre Carolina , van Goor Harry , Porubsky Stefan , Krämer Bernhard K. , Yard Benito A. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
To assess the influence of serum carnosinase (CN1) on the course of diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

Methods
hCN1 transgenic (TG) mice were generated in a BTBROb/Ob genetic background to allow the spontaneous development of DKD in the presence of serum carnosinase. The influence of serum CN1 expression on obesity, hyperglycemia, and renal impairment was assessed. We also studied if aggravation of renal impairment in hCN1 TG BTBROb/Ob mice leads to changes in the renal transcriptome as compared with wild-type BTBROb/Ob mice.

Results
hCN1 was detected in the serum and urine of mice from two different hCN1 TG lines. The transgene was expressed in the liver but not in the kidney. High CN1 expression was associated with low plasma and renal carnosine concentrations, even after oral carnosine supplementation. Obese hCN1 transgenic BTBROb/Ob mice displayed significantly higher levels of glycated hemoglobin, glycosuria, proteinuria, and increased albumin-creatinine ratios (1104 ± 696 vs 492.1 ± 282.2 μg/mg) accompanied by an increased glomerular tuft area and renal corpuscle size. Gene-expression profiling of renal tissue disclosed hierarchical clustering between BTBROb/Wt, BTBROb/Ob, and hCN1 BTBROb/Ob mice. Along with aggravation of the DKD phenotype, 26 altered genes have been found in obese hCN1 transgenic mice; among them claudin-1, thrombospondin-1, nephronectin, and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-alpha have been reported to play essential roles in DKD.

Conclusions
Our data support a role for serum carnosinase 1 in the progression of DKD. Whether this is mainly attributed to the changes in renal carnosine concentrations warrants further studies.

Key messages

Increased carnosinase 1 (CN1) is associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

BTBROb/Ob mice with human CN1 develop a more aggravated DKD phenotype.

Microarray revealed alterations by CN1 which are not altered by hyperglycemia.

These genes have been described to play essential roles in DKD.

Inhibiting CN1 could be beneficial in DKD.
Stellenwert des „Stone-heart“-Phänomens bei Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand
Authors: Unseld J. , Pflüger Patrick , Landeg Maximilian , Dommasch Michael , Kanz K.‑G. , Bogner-Flatz V. 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff Stone heart ist definiert als systolische Kontraktur des Herzens und wird auch als kontraktiler Herzstillstand bezeichnet. Er wurde erstmals 1972 durch den US-amerikanischen Herzchirurgen Denton Cooley bei Patienten mit Bypass-Operation beschrieben. Das Stone heart ist meist Folge eines prolongierten Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstands, welcher zu einer Anoxie bzw. Hypoxie des Myokards führt. Es wird über 3 Traumapatienten berichtet, welche nach kardiopulmonaler Reanimation in der postmortalen Computertomographie (CT) ein Stone-heart-Phänomen zeigten.
Evaluation of the belt punching process efficiency based on the resistance force of the compressed material
Authors: Wojtkowiak Dominik , Talaśka Krzysztof , Wilczyński Dominik 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVacuum conveyor belt punching process by using the piercing punch which cooperates with the die has potential to be modified in aspects of lowering the perforation force, extending the tool life, and improving the hole quality in the perforated belts. All these parameters have an influence on the efficiency of the process and strictly depends on the punch geometry. This indicates that based on these criteria the optimization of the tool constructional features may be performed. In the presented research, authors have shown the linear correlation between the resistance force of the compressed material of the multilayer polymer composite belt in punching and the efficiency of the process. It was also proved that using the effective geometry of the piercing punch with spherical bowl can reduce the perforation force by 69%. Based on the obtained model, the simplified optimization as well as the evaluation of the punches with defined geometry can be performed, since all characteristics of the material compressive force obtained for the effective punches were almost consistent. For proper analysis, it is necessary to use the combination of the analytical and numerical modelling, computer simulations with using the finite element method (FEM) and the experimental tests. However, by performing simple compression tests for various tool geometry on the strength testing machine, it is possible to perform the comparison analysis of different piercing punches based on the derived models. This approach can be used to evaluate the properties of selected tools for the groups of materials with wide divergence of the mechanical properties without performing the complex research.