bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in Intensive Care Unit Admission and Mortality Among Patients With Schizophrenia and COVID-19: A National Cohort Study
Authors: Fond Guillaume , Pauly Vanessa , Leone Marc , Llorca Pierre-Michel , Orleans Veronica , Loundou Anderson , Lancon Christophe , Auquier Pascal , Baumstarck Karine , Boyer Laurent 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPatients with schizophrenia (SCZ) represent a vulnerable population who have been understudied in COVID-19 research. We aimed to establish whether health outcomes and care differed between patients with SCZ and patients without a diagnosis of severe mental illness. We conducted a population-based cohort study of all patients with identified COVID-19 and respiratory symptoms who were hospitalized in France between February and June 2020. Cases were patients who had a diagnosis of SCZ. Controls were patients who did not have a diagnosis of severe mental illness. The outcomes were in-hospital mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. A total of 50 750 patients were included, of whom 823 were SCZ patients (1.6%). The SCZ patients had an increased in-hospital mortality (25.6% vs 21.7%; adjusted OR 1.30 [95% CI, 1.08–1.56], P = .0093) and a decreased ICU admission rate (23.7% vs 28.4%; adjusted OR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.62–0.91], P = .0062) compared with controls. Significant interactions between SCZ and age for mortality and ICU admission were observed (P = .0006 and P &lt; .0001). SCZ patients between 65 and 80 years had a significantly higher risk of death than controls of the same age (+7.89%). SCZ patients younger than 55 years had more ICU admissions (+13.93%) and SCZ patients between 65 and 80 years and older than 80 years had less ICU admissions than controls of the same age (−15.44% and −5.93%, respectively). Our findings report the existence of disparities in health and health care between SCZ patients and patients without a diagnosis of severe mental illness. These disparities differed according to the age and clinical profile of SCZ patients, suggesting the importance of personalized COVID-19 clinical management and health care strategies before, during, and after hospitalization for reducing health disparities in this vulnerable population.
Unfair inequality and the demand for redistribution: why not all inequality is equal
Authors: Ahrens Leo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Political economy research commonly expects a positive relationship between income inequality and the demand for redistribution, which is increasingly attributed to inequality aversion grounded in norms and values. However, people are not averse to a proportion of inequality that fairly results from differences in individual merit. Therefore, this study argues that the effect of inequality crucially depends on the extent to which income fairness is realized. It is primarily unfair inequality, rather than overall inequality, that affects individual redistribution support. The argument is substantiated with an empirical quantification of unfair inequality that measures whether individuals have unequal returns to their labor-related merits. Multilevel models using repeated cross-sections show that this quantification of unfair inequality can explain both within- and between-country variance in redistribution preferences and that it is a better predictor than overall inequality. The results suggest that public opinion cannot be inferred directly from the overall level of inequality.
Complete Genome Sequence Data of Nonpathogenic and Nonantagonistic Strain of Rhizobium vitis VAR06-30 Isolated From Grapevine Rhizosphere
Authors: Noutoshi Yoshiteru , Toyoda Atsushi , Ishii Tomoya , Saito Kirara , Watanabe Megumi , Kawaguchi Akira 
Published: October 2020

Rhizobium (Agrobacterium) is one genus in the family Rhizobiaceae. Most of the species are epi- or endophytic bacteria which include tumorigenic or rhizogenic pathogens, root nodule bacteria, and commensal endosymbionts. Rhizobium vitis strain VAR06-30 is a commensal bacterium without pathogenicity which was isolated from a rootstock of grapevine in Japan. It also does not have antagonistic activity to the pathogenic strain of R. vitis. Here, we show the complete genome sequence data with annotation of R. vitis VAR06-30 which was analyzed by sequence reads obtained from both PacBio and Illumina platforms. This genome sequence would contribute to the understanding of evolutionary lineage and characteristics of Rhizobium commensal bacteria. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Quality of Postoperative Care after Major Orthopedic Surgery Is Correlated with Both Long-term Cardiovascular Outcome and Troponin Ic Elevation
Authors: Ausset Sylvain , Auroy Yves , Verret Catherine , Benhamou Dan , Vest Philippe , Cirodde Audrey , Lenoir Bernard 
Published: October 2020

Background
The aim of this study performed in patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery was to assess the impact of changes in practice on both the incidence of postoperative myocardial ischemia (PMI) detected by serial measurements of troponin Ic and long-term cardiac outcome.

Methods
During a 3-yr period, troponin Ic was measured on the first 3 days after major orthopedic surgery in a multidisciplinary hospital. After 16 months of study, postoperative care was improved. Cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and cardiac failure were considered major adverse cardiac events and were recorded during the hospital stay and the first postoperative year. The incidences of PMI and major adverse cardiac events were used as result indicators for quality of care and compared before (P1) and after (P2) quality enhancement.

Results
Three hundred seventy-eight surgical procedures were included (P1, 123; P2, 255). Incidences of PMI and major adverse cardiac events were 8.9 versus 3.9% (P=0.04) and 8.1 versus 1.9% (P=0.004) for P1 and P2, respectively. Using a multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusted for baseline data, independent factors associated with the occurrence of a major adverse cardiac event were phase P1 (hazard ratio=4.5; 97.8% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-17.4) and PMI (Hazard ratio=6.4; 97.8% CI, 1.6-26.4).

Conclusions
Our postoperative care policy after major orthopedic surgery strongly correlated with both short-term cardiac outcome (i.e., PMI with troponin Ic release) and long-term cardiac outcome. Thus, in a given surgical population, variation of incidence of troponin Ic elevations could be used as a result indicator for postoperative care policy.
Late Ventilator-Induced Diaphragmatic Dysfunction After Extubation
Authors: Dridi Haikel , Jung Boris , Yehya Mohamad , Daurat Aurelien , Reiken Steven , Moreau Johan , Marks Andrew R. , Matecki Stefan , Lacampagne Alain , Jaber Samir 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
Mechanical ventilation is associated with primary diaphragmatic dysfunction, also termed ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. Studies evaluating diaphragmatic function recovery after extubation are lacking. We evaluated early and late recoveries from ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction in a mouse model.

Design:
Experimental randomized study.

Setting:
Research laboratory.

Subjects:
C57/BL6 mice.

Interventions:
Six groups of C57/BL6 mice. Mice were ventilated for 6 hours and then euthanatized immediately (n = 18), or 1 (n = 18) or 10 days after extubation with (n = 5) and without S107 (n = 16) treatment. Mice euthanatized immediately after 6 hours of anesthesia (n = 15) or after 6 hours of anesthesia and 10 days of recovery (n = 5) served as controls.

Measurements and Main Results:
For each group, diaphragm force production, posttranslational modification of ryanodine receptor, oxidative stress, proteolysis, and cross-sectional areas were evaluated. After 6 hours of mechanical ventilation, diaphragm force production was decreased by 25–30%, restored to the control levels 1 day after extubation, and secondarily decreased by 20% 10 days after extubation compared with controls. Ryanodine receptor was protein kinase A-hyperphosphorylated, S-nitrosylated, oxidized, and depleted of its stabilizing subunit calstabin-1 6 hours after the onset of the mechanical ventilation, 1 and 10 days after extubation. Post extubation treatment with S107, a Rycal drug that stabilizes the ryanodine complex, did reverse the loss of diaphragmatic force associated with mechanical ventilation. Total protein oxidation was restored to the control levels 1 day after extubation. Markers of proteolysis including calpain 1 and calpain 2 remained activated 10 days after extubation without significant changes in cross-sectional areas.

Conclusions:
We report that mechanical ventilation is associated with a late diaphragmatic dysfunction related to a structural alteration of the ryanodine complex that is reversed with the S107 treatment.
The Use of Central Venous to Arterial Carbon Dioxide Tension Gap for Outcome Prediction in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis*
Authors: Al Duhailib Zainab , Hegazy Ahmed F. , Lalli Raj , Fiorini Kyle , Priestap Fran , Iansavichene Alla , Slessarev Marat 
Published: October 2020

Objectives:
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assessed whether a high Co
2 gap predicts mortality in adult critically ill patients with circulatory shock.

Data Sources:
A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE electronic databases from inception to October 2019.

Study Selection:
Studies from adult (age ≥ 18 yr) ICU patients with shock reporting Co
2 gap and outcomes of interest. Case reports and conference abstracts were excluded.

Data Extraction:
Data extraction and study quality assessment were performed independently in duplicate.

Data Synthesis:
We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess methodological study quality. Effect sizes were pooled using a random-effects model. The primary outcome was mortality (28 d and hospital). Secondary outcomes were ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, use of renal replacement therapy, use of vasopressors and inotropes, and association with cardiac index, lactate, and central venous oxygen saturation.

Conclusions:
We included 21 studies (n = 2,155 patients) from medical (n = 925), cardiovascular (n = 685), surgical (n = 483), and mixed (n = 62) ICUs. A high Co
2 gap was associated with increased mortality (odds ratio, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.30–3.82; p = 0.004) in patients with shock, but only those from medical and surgical ICUs. A high Co
2 gap was associated with higher lactate levels (mean difference 0.44 mmol/L; 95% CI, 0.20–0.68 mmol/L; p = 0.0004), lower cardiac index (mean difference, –0.76 L/min/m2; 95% CI, –1.04 to –0.49 L/min/m2; p = 0.00001), and central venous oxygen saturation (mean difference, –5.07; 95% CI, –7.78 to –2.37; p = 0.0002). A high Co
2 gap was not associated with longer ICU or hospital length of stays, requirement for renal replacement therapy, longer duration of mechanical ventilation, or higher vasopressors and inotropes use. Future studies should evaluate whether resuscitation aimed at closing the Co
2 gap improves mortality in shock.
Predicting the Future Course of Opioid Overdose Mortality: An Example From Two US States
Authors: Sumetsky Natalie , Mair Christina , Wheeler-Martin Katherine , Cerda Magdalena , Waller Lance A. , Ponicki William R. , Gruenewald Paul J. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
The rapid growth of opioid abuse and the related mortality across the United States has spurred the development of predictive models for the allocation of public health resources. These models should characterize heterogeneous growth across states using a drug epidemic framework that enables assessments of epidemic onset, rates of growth, and limited capacities for epidemic growth.

Methods:
We used opioid overdose mortality data for 146 North and South Carolina counties from 2001 through 2014 to compare the retrodictive and predictive performance of a logistic growth model that parameterizes onsets, growth, and carrying capacity within a traditional Bayesian Poisson space–time model.

Results:
In fitting the models to past data, the performance of the logistic growth model was superior to the standard Bayesian Poisson space–time model (deviance information criterion: 8,088 vs. 8,256), with reduced spatial and independent errors. Predictively, the logistic model more accurately estimated fatality rates 1, 2, and 3 years in the future (root mean squared error medians were lower for 95.7% of counties from 2012 to 2014). Capacity limits were higher in counties with greater population size, percent population age 45–64, and percent white population. Epidemic onset was associated with greater same-year and past-year incidence of overdose hospitalizations.

Conclusion:
Growth in annual rates of opioid fatalities was capacity limited, heterogeneous across counties, and spatially correlated, requiring spatial epidemic models for the accurate and reliable prediction of future outcomes related to opioid abuse. Indicators of risk are identifiable and can be used to predict future mortality outcomes.
Role of Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Goal Attainment: Focus on Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Wang Qinqin , Liang Chun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract:Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease, which is the leading cause of death globally. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a common cause of death, accounting for nearly half of the global burden of CV mortality. Epidemiologic studies have identified low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as an independent CV risk factor, and this is now the primary target for initiating and adjusting lipid-lowering therapies in most current guidelines. Evidence from pivotal studies supports the use of high-intensity statin therapy and a lower level for optimal LDL-C in secondary prevention of atherosclerotic CV disease, especially in patients with ACS undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. However, current research has identified a gap between the target LDL-C goal attainment and target LDL-C levels recommended by the guidelines. Statins have proven benefits in the management of CV disease and are the cornerstone of lipid-lowering management in patients with ACS. Recent randomized controlled trials have also demonstrated the benefits of cholesterol absorption inhibitors and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors. This review summarizes the current evidence for LDL-lowering therapy in patients with ACS, with an emphasis on the importance of LDL-C goal attainment, rapid LDL-C lowering, and duration of LDL-C–lowering therapy.
Adolescents and long-acting reversible contraceptives: beyond the basics
Authors: Stanton Taylor , Cizek Stephanie , Tyson Nichole 
Published: October 2020

Purpose of review
The current article explores some of the more complex subtopics concerning adolescents and long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC).

Recent findings
Recent research has highlighted ways in which LARC provision can be optimized in adolescents and has identified gaps in adolescent LARC access and utilization.

Summary
Contraceptive counseling for adolescents should be patient-centered, not necessarily LARC-first, to avoid coercion. There are increasing applications for the noncontraceptive benefits of LARC for several unique patient populations and medical conditions.
Systematic evaluation of commercially available pain management apps examining behavior change techniques
Authors: Gamwell Kaitlyn L. , Kollin Sophie R. , Gibler Robert C. , Bedree Helen , Bieniak Keely H. , Jagpal Anjana , Tran Susan T. , Hommel Kevin A. , Ramsey Rachelle R. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Mobile health (mHealth) apps have the potential to enhance pain management through the use of daily diaries, medication and appointment reminders, education, and facilitating communication between patients and providers. Although many pain management apps exist, the extent to which these apps use evidence-based behavior change techniques (BCTs) remains largely unknown, making it nearly impossible for providers to recommend apps with evidence-based strategies. This study systematically evaluated commercially available pain management apps for evidence-based BCTs and app quality. Pain management apps were identified using the search terms “pain” and “pain management” in the App and Google Play stores. Reviewed apps were specific to pain management, in English, for patients, and free. A total of 28 apps were coded using the taxonomy of BCTs. App quality was assessed using the Mobile App Rating Scale. Apps included 2 to 15 BCTs (M = 7.36) and 1 to 8 (M = 4.21) pain management–specific BCTs. Prompt intention formation, instruction, behavioral-health link, consequences, feedback, and self-monitoring were the most common BCTs used in the reviewed apps. App quality from the Mobile App Rating Scale ranged from 2.27 to 4.54 (M = 3.65) out of a possible 5, with higher scores indicating better quality. PainScale followed by Migraine Buddy demonstrated the highest number of overall and pain management BCTs as well as good quality scores. Although existing apps should be assessed through randomized controlled trials and future apps should include capabilities for electronic medical record integration, current pain management apps often use evidence-based pain management BCTs.
Combination of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma and retinoid X receptor agonists induces sodium/iodide symporter expression and inhibits cell growth of human thyroid cancer cells
Authors: Chen Jui-Yu , Wang Jane-Jen , Lee Hsin-Chen , Chi Chin-Wen , Lee Chen-Hsen , Hsu Yi-Chiung 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Thyroid tumors are the most frequent neoplasm of the endocrine system. The major treatment is surgical intervention followed by radioiodine therapy. The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) has positive expression in thyroid carcinomas with good prognoses and plays a critical role in radioiodine therapy response. Low expression of NIS always leads to tumor recurrence or treatment failure. Redifferentiation therapy is more tumor specific than chemotherapy. Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists and retinoids are two types of redifferentiating agents. In this study, we examined whether the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone and retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist bexarotene could increase NIS expression and exhibit anticancer activity in human thyroid cancer cells.

Methods:
Using a TCGA data set, we analyzed the expression of NIS (SLC5A5), PPARγ, and RXR in clinical thyroid tumors and assessed their correlations with the relapse-free survival (RFS) of thyroid tumor patients. Moreover, two human thyroid cancer cell lines, differentiated thyroid papillary BCPAP cells and follicular follicular thyroid cancer-131 cells, were treated with different concentrations of the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone alone or in combination with the RXR agonist bexarotene. Cell growth was analyzed by the MTT assay. NIS protein expression was determined by Western blotting.

Results:
From analysis of the TCGA data set, we found that thyroid tumors have lower expression of both NIS (SLC5A5) and PPARγ than nontumor controls. Higher expression levels of NIS, PPARγ, and RXR are associated with higher RFS in patients with thyroid tumors. Moreover, rosiglitazone treatment reduced cell growth and increased NIS protein expression in thyroid cancer cells under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. In addition, bexarotene potentiated the effects of rosiglitazone on cell growth and NIS protein expression.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that the combination of PPARγ and RXR agonists has potential as a chemotherapeutic strategy for thyroid cancer.
Hypogonadism and cancer survivorship
Authors: Faw Cory A. , Brannigan Robert E. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose of review
Hypogonadism is highly prevalent among not only patients with a history of prior treatment for cancer, but also among those patients with a new oncologic diagnosis who have not yet received any cancer therapy. Hypogonadism can cause a wide array of signs and symptoms including: deceased muscle mass; increased fat mass; decreased energy, mood, and overall sense of well being; diminished bone mineral density; infertility; and impaired libido and sexual function. This purpose of this manuscript is to review the mechanisms by which cancer and oncologic treatment regimens can adversely affect the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis, resulting in hypogonadism. Risks and benefits associated with the treatment of testosterone deficiency are also discussed, which are important considerations for clinicians caring for affected patients.

Recent findings
Hypogonadism has a high prevalence in the setting of cancer and is an important survivorship issue. Recent randomized controlled trials confirm testosterone's therapeutic benefits in terms of sexual function, mood body composition, and bone health, but the specific benefits in terms of quality of life are less clear.

Summary
More prospective studies are needed to further delineate the risks, benefits, and overall outcomes of testosterone replacement therapy in patients with cancer and cancer survivors.
Development and Testing of Compatible Diagnosis Code Lists for the Functional Comorbidity Index: International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification
Authors: Sears Jeanne M. , Rundell Sean D. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
The Functional Comorbidity Index (FCI) was developed for community-based adult populations, with function as the outcome. The original FCI was a survey tool, but several International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code lists—for calculating the FCI using administrative data—have been published. However, compatible International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) and ICD-10-CM versions have not been available.

Objective:
We developed ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM diagnosis code lists to optimize FCI concordance across ICD lexicons.

Research Design:
We assessed concordance and frequency distributions across ICD lexicons for the FCI and individual comorbidities. We used length of stay and discharge disposition to assess continuity of FCI criterion validity across lexicons.

Subjects:
State Inpatient Databases from Arizona, Colorado, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Utah, and Washington State (calendar year 2015) were obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. State Inpatient Databases contained ICD-9-CM diagnoses for the first 3 calendar quarters of 2015 and ICD-10-CM diagnoses for the fourth quarter of 2015. Inpatients under 18 years old were excluded.

Measures:
Length of stay and discharge disposition outcomes were assessed in separate regression models. Covariates included age, sex, state, ICD lexicon, and FCI/lexicon interaction.

Results:
The FCI demonstrated stability across lexicons, despite small discrepancies in prevalence for individual comorbidities. Under ICD-9-CM, each additional comorbidity was associated with an 8.9% increase in mean length of stay and an 18.5% decrease in the odds of a routine discharge, compared with an 8.4% increase and 17.4% decrease, respectively, under ICD-10-CM.

Conclusion:
This study provides compatible ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM diagnosis code lists for the FCI.