bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examination of fecal pellet physical characteristics of an invasive drywood termite, Cryptotermes dudleyi (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae): A potential approach for species marker and non-destructive monitoring method
Authors: Zega S L D , Fajar A , Himmi S K , Adi D S , Tarmadi D , Nandika D , Yusuf S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Cryptotermes, one of the major drywood termite genera in Indonesia, is a cryptic species that isolates their presence inside a wood piece. Due to its cryptic lifecycle hidden away inside wood, monitoring its presence and also identifying the corresponding species has been a difficult process. One of the Cryptotermes species, native to Java island, Indonesia, is Cryptotermes dudleyi. In this preliminary study, we used C. dudleyi as a species model to find out whether fecal pellet physical characteristics can be used as a stable species marker to assist in non-destructive monitoring surveillance. The characteristics used were maximum diameter, diagonal width of maximum diameter, and 2D surface area and area perimeter. The study used fecal pellets from orphaned and mature colonies and three different dietaries (grass, hardwood, and softwood) to check whether the characteristic value of fecal pellets is narrow over various influences. The results showed that each characteristic tends to have unique mean and also its unique value range which depends on their collection site condition. Due to unique means and value range, the species marker become not so accurate and not robust enough as consequences in accommodating these unique means and value range. On the other hand, employing completely new clustering based on like-like axiom on individual fecal pellets may results in robust species marker as long as adequate data comparison from other species fecal pellets to validate the species marker is available.
Combination of citric acid and maltodextrin as bonding agent in sorghum bagasse particleboard
Authors: Syamani F A , Ramatia D , Sudarmanto  , Akbar F , Kusumah S S , Hermawan D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The interest of using natural binder in particleboard production is still the primary concern of many researchers. The use of citric acid as an adhesive has been investigated and show satisfying results, especially in particleboard physical properties. However, the particleboard had low bending strength due to high content of citric acid on the particleboard affected the brittleness of the particles. Therefore, the application of citric acid in particleboard production usually combined with other natural adhesives. In this study, a combination of citric acid (CA) and maltodextrin (MD) was used in the production of sorghum bagasse particleboard with a ratio of 1:1. The particleboard was produced with a target density of 0.8 g/cm3, using 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% CA-MD content, hot-pressed at 200°C and 5 MPa for 8 or 10 minutes. The mixture of citric acid and maltodextrin (1:1) was successfully acting as bonding agent in sorghum bagasse particleboard production, mainly when used at 30% adhesive content. The particleboard modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity, fulfilled the standard of type 8 particleboard, according to JIS 5908. The particleboard physical properties were excellent, proved by the value of particleboard thickness swelling, which was under 12%. This is due to the superb bonding from the combination of citric acid and maltodextrin, as shown by the internal bond values, which exceeded 0.3 N/mm2, the minimum requirement for type 18 particleboards based on JIS A 5908.
A review of sustainable replanting eucalyptus: higher sustainable productivity
Authors: Sembiring N , Napitupulu H L , Sipahutar A I , Sembiring M T 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEucalyptus is a plant that has a very beneficial value to the environment such as can reduce the risk of forest fires, be efficient in water use, nature became more natural, restore land degradation or unproductive land, and the growth of these plants has a sustainable potential for biodiversity. Therefore, the need to replant eucalyptus in order to create a sustainable process for the environment to offers opportunities for wealth and prosperity, while also providing solutions for efficient ways to combat climate change. The purpose of this literature review is to provide information to the public about the benefits of plants that actually have extraordinary functions and characteristics but often get criticism from the community because of community disregard about the benefits It expects in the future eucalyptus can generate more wealth and benefits to the environment. Also, this review literature focuses on eucalyptus plants which provide significant benefits in various sectors, both for the environment and the industrial sector.
Limits of funneling efficiency in non-uniformly strained 2D semiconductors
Authors: Harats Moshe G , Bolotin Kirill I 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Photoexcited electron-hole pairs (excitons) in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) experience an effective force when these materials are non-uniformly strained. In the case of strain produced by a sharp tip pressing at the center of a suspended TMDC membrane, the excitons are transported to the point of the highest strain at the center of the membrane. This effect, exciton funneling, can be used to increase photoconversion efficiency in TMDC, to explore exciton transport and to study correlated states of excitons arising at their high densities. Here, we analyze the limits of funneling efficiency in realistic device geometries. The funneling efficiency in realistic monolayer TMDCs is found to be low,

<

5% both at room and low temperatures. This results from dominant diffusion at room temperature and short exciton lifetimes at low temperatures. On the other hand, in TMDC heterostructures with long exciton lifetimes the funneling efficiency reaches ∼50% at room temperature, as the exciton density reaches thermal equilibrium in the funnel. Finally, we show that Auger recombination limits funneling efficiency for intense illumination sources.
Brazilian regulatory authority contribution to the shielding dimensioning model of radiotherapy rooms proposed by the NCRP 151
Authors: L Braga Kelmo , G Gomes Renato , Terra André M B P T , Silva Ademir X , Medeiros Marcos P C , Stenders Ricardo M , Rebello Wilson F , Salata Camila , Santos Raphael F G , R Andrade Edson 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Report No. 151 is an essential document for bunker design commonly applied for radiotherapy treatment rooms. This document is used as a reference by several countries, including Brazil. The objective of this study is to evaluate the shielding dimensioning methodology recommended by NCRP 151, and compare it with the one adopted by the Brazilian regulatory authority. Radiotherapy rooms and respective doors were designed to use linear accelerators operating at 6, 10, 15, and 18 MeV under two different ways: (a) applying exclusively the methodology recommended by the NCRP 151, and (b) taking into consideration the complementary recommendations from the Brazilian authorities. The results suggest that designers in Brazil can count on at least 4 and 11% safety margin for dimensioning primary barriers in controlled and free areas respectively. Also 8% for secondary barriers in controlled areas, 9.7% for secondary barriers adjacent to the primary belt of free areas, and 6.6% for the lead of the doors.
Choking as a cause of negative pressure pulmonary oedema (NPPE) in an older adult
Authors: Lonergan Bradley , Morgan Cerys , Al-Raweshidy Yasser , Singh Ravneeta 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
An 86-year-old female presented to the Emergency Department (ED) in respiratory distress after choking on a sandwich at home. Her family had noticed that she had had difficulty during and coughing after swallowing for several months. Her initial chest x-ray showed diffuse alveolar infiltrates in both lungs and blood tests showed normal white cells and C-Reactive Protein (CRP). She was started on intravenous antibiotics for presumed aspiration pneumonia and received 15 L of oxygen. However, the infiltration had dramatically improved, both radiologically and clinically, within 24 hours. She was diagnosed with negative pressure pulmonary oedema (NPPE) type 1 and made a rapid recovery. The Speech and Language Team diagnosed an impaired swallow and advised soft or bite-sized suitable foods. We discussed the ongoing risk of aspiration and long-term feeding options with the patient’s family. We agreed on a conservative plan for ‘risk feeding’, given her frailty and co-morbidities, and began discussions on ceilings of care. This case aims to raise awareness of NPPE so that it can be diagnosed, investigated and treated promptly. Although seen most commonly by intensivists and anaesthetists, it is relevant to those on the acute medical take and geriatricians managing patients with swallowing difficulties.
Iterative feature representation algorithm to improve the predictive performance of N7-methylguanosine sites
Authors: Dai Chichi , Feng Pengmian , Cui Lizhen , Su Ran , Chen Wei , Wei Leyi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMotivationN7-methylguanosine (m7G) is an important epigenetic modification, playing an essential role in gene expression regulation. Therefore, accurate identification of m7G modifications will facilitate revealing and in-depth understanding their potential functional mechanisms. Although high-throughput experimental methods are capable of precisely locating m7G sites, they are still cost ineffective. Therefore, it’s necessary to develop new methods to identify m7G sites.ResultsIn this work, by using the iterative feature representation algorithm, we developed a machine learning based method, namely m7G-IFL, to identify m7G sites. To demonstrate its superiority, m7G-IFL was evaluated and compared with existing predictors. The results demonstrate that our predictor outperforms existing predictors in terms of accuracy for identifying m7G sites. By analyzing and comparing the features used in the predictors, we found that the positive and negative samples in our feature space were more separated than in existing feature space. This result demonstrates that our features extracted more discriminative information via the iterative feature learning process, and thus contributed to the predictive performance improvement.
Generation of chimeric mice with spermatozoa fully derived from embryonic stem cells using a triple-target CRISPR method forNanos3†
Authors: Miura Kento , Matoba Shogo , Hirose Michiko , Ogura Atsuo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractConditional knockout (cKO) mice have contributed greatly to understanding the tissue- or stage-specific functions of genes in vivo. However, the current cKO method requires considerable time and effort because of the need to generate two gene-modified mouse strains (Cre transgenic and loxP knockin) for crossing. Here, we examined whether we could analyze the germ cell-related functions of embryonic lethal genes in F0 chimeric mice by restricting the origin of germ cells to mutant embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We confirmed that the full ESC origin of spermatozoa in fertile chimeric mice was achieved by the CRISPR/Cas9 system using three guide RNAs targeting Nanos3, which induced germ cell depletion in the host blastocyst-derived tissues. Among these fertile chimeric mice, those from male ESCs with a Dnmt3b mutation, which normally causes embryo death, also produced F1 mice derived exclusively from the mutant ESCs. Thus, our new chimeric strategy readily revealed that Dnmt3b is dispensable for male germ cell development, in agreement with a previous cKO study. Our new approach enables us to analyze the germ cell functions of embryonic lethal genes in the F0 generation without using the current cKO method.
Difficulties with Speech-in-Noise Perception Related to Fundamental Grouping Processes in Auditory Cortex
Authors: Holmes Emma , Zeidman Peter , Friston Karl J , Griffiths Timothy D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In our everyday lives, we are often required to follow a conversation when background noise is present (“speech-in-noise” [SPIN] perception). SPIN perception varies widely—and people who are worse at SPIN perception are also worse at fundamental auditory grouping, as assessed by figure-ground tasks. Here, we examined the cortical processes that link difficulties with SPIN perception to difficulties with figure-ground perception using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found strong evidence that the earliest stages of the auditory cortical hierarchy (left core and belt areas) are similarly disinhibited when SPIN and figure-ground tasks are more difficult (i.e., at target-to-masker ratios corresponding to 60% rather than 90% performance)—consistent with increased cortical gain at lower levels of the auditory hierarchy. Overall, our results reveal a common neural substrate for these basic (figure-ground) and naturally relevant (SPIN) tasks—which provides a common computational basis for the link between SPIN perception and fundamental auditory grouping.
Chylomicrons-Simulating Sustained Drug Release in Mesenteric Lymphatics for the Treatment of Crohn’s-Like Colitis
Authors: Yin Yi , Yang Jingjing , Pan Yongchun , Guo Zhen , Gao Yanfeng , Huang Liangyu , Zhou Dongtao , Ge Yuanyuan , Guo Feilong , Zhu Weiming , Song Yujun , Li Yi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsAlteration to both the structures and functions of mesenteric lymphatic vessels is a typical hallmark of Crohn’s disease [CD]. Dysfunctional lymphatics was observed in patients with both CD and experimental colitis, suggesting mesenteric lymphatics could be potential therapeutic targets. This study aimed to develop a nano-delivery system which can enhance drug delivery in mesenteric lymphatic tissue [MLT] and evaluate the therapeutic effects in Crohn’s colitis.MethodsWe designed a mesoporous silica nanoparticle [MSN] conjugated with long-chain fatty acid [LMSN] and covered with enteric coating [ELMSN] which can be specifically transported via the mesenteric lymphatic system. The therapeutic efficacy of laquinimod-loaded nanoparticles [LAQ@ELMSN] was evaluated in the well-established interleukin [IL]-10−/− spontaneous experimental colitis.ResultsELMSNs induced sustainable drug release that markedly increased drug concentration in MLT. In experimental colitis, the lymphatics-targeting drug delivery system suppressed lymphangitis and promoted lymphatic drainage. The downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the downstream NF-κB-related proteins efficiently inhibited lymphangiogenesis and restored tight junctions of mesenteric lymphatic vessels [MLVs]. LAQ@ELMSN showed a superior therapeutic effect in ameliorating intestinal inflammation compared with free drug administration. Alteration of gut microbiota and metabolites in experimental colitis was also reversed by LAQ@ELMSN.ConclusionOur study demonstrates a convenient, orally administered drug delivery system which enhances drug release in MLT. The results confirm the contribution of the mesenteric lymphatic system to the pathogenesis of gut inflammation and shed light on the application of lymphatics-targeting drug delivery therapy as a potential therapeutic strategy for CD treatment.
Prognostic importance of the transmitral pressure gradient in mitral annular calcification with associated mitral valve dysfunction
Authors: Bertrand Philippe B , Churchill Timothy W , Yucel Evin , Namasivayam Mayooran , Bernard Samuel , Nagata Yasufumi , He Wei , Andrews Carl T , Picard Michael H , Weyman Arthur E , Levine Robert A , Hung Judy 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to define the natural history of patients with mitral annular calcification (MAC)-related mitral valve dysfunction and to assess the prognostic importance of mean transmitral pressure gradient (MG) and impact of concomitant mitral regurgitation (MR).

Methods and results
The institutional echocardiography database was examined from 2001 to 2019 for all patients with MAC and MG ≥3 mmHg. A total of 5754 patients were stratified by MG in low (3–5 mmHg, n = 3927), mid (5–10 mmHg, n = 1476), and high (≥10 mmHg, n = 351) gradient. The mean age was 78 ± 11 years, and 67% were female. MR was none/trace in 32%, mild in 42%, moderate in 23%, and severe in 3%. Primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and outcome models were adjusted for age, sex, and MAC-related risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease). Survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 77%, 42%, and 18% in the low-gradient group; 73%, 38%, and 17% in the mid-gradient group; and 67%, 25%, and 11% in the high-gradient group, respectively (log-rank P &lt; 0.001 between groups). MG was independently associated with mortality (adjusted HR 1.064 per 1 mmHg increase, 95% CI 1.049–1.080). MR severity was associated with mortality at low gradients (P &lt; 0.001) but not at higher gradients (P = 0.166 and 0.372 in the mid- and high-gradient groups, respectively).

Conclusion
In MAC-related mitral valve dysfunction, mean transmitral gradient is associated with increased mortality after adjustment for age, sex, and MAC-related risk factors. Concomitant MR is associated with excess mortality in low-gradient ranges (3–5 mmHg) but gradually loses prognostic importance at higher gradients, indicating prognostic utility of transmitral gradient in MAC regardless of MR severity.
Automatic processing of time domain induced polarization data using supervised artificial neural networks
Authors: Barfod Adrian S , Lévy Léa , Larsen Jakob Juul 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYProcessing of geophysical data is a time consuming task involving many different steps. One approach for accelerating and automating processing of geophysical data is to look towards machine learning (ML). ML encompasses a wide range of tools, which can be used to automate complicated and/or tedious tasks. We present strategies for automating the processing of time-domain induced polarization (IP) data using ML. An IP data set from Grindsted in Denmark is used to investigate the applicability of neural networks for processing such data. The Grindsted data set consists of eight profiles, with approximately 2000 data curves per profile, on average. Each curve needs to be processed, which, using the manual approach, can take 1–2 hr per profile. Around 20 per cent of the curves were manually processed and used to train and validate an artificial neural network. Once trained, the network could process all curves, in 6–15 s for each profile. The accuracy of the neural network, when considering the manual processing as a reference, is 90.8 per cent. At first, the network could not detect outlier curves, that is where entire chargeability curves were significantly different from their spatial neighbours. Therefore, an outlier curve detection algorithm was developed and implemented to work in tandem with the network. The automatic processing approach developed here, involving the neural network and the outlier curve detection, leads to similar inversion results as the manual processing, with the two significant advantages of reduced processing times and enhanced processing consistency.
Adaptation of the iterative Marchenko scheme for imperfectly sampled data
Authors: van IJsseldijk Johno , Wapenaar Kees 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARY
The Marchenko method retrieves the responses to virtual sources in the Earth’s subsurface from reflection data at the surface, accounting for all orders of multiple reflections. The method is based on two integral representations for focusing- and Green’s functions. In discretized form, these integrals are represented by finite summations over the acquisition geometry. Consequently, the method requires ideal geometries of regularly sampled and colocated sources and receivers. Recently new representations were derived, which handle imperfectly sampled data. These new representations use point spread functions (PSFs) that reconstruct results as if they were acquired using a perfect geometry. Here, the iterative Marchenko scheme is adapted, using these new representations, to account for imperfect sampling. This new methodology is tested on a 2-D numerical data example. The results show clear improvement of the proposed scheme over the standard iterative scheme. By removing the requirement for perfect geometries, the Marchenko method can be more widely applied to field data.
Human diamine oxidase cellular binding and internalization in vitro and rapid clearance in vivo are not mediated byN-glycans but by heparan sulfate proteoglycan interactions
Authors: Gludovacz Elisabeth , Schuetzenberger Kornelia , Resch Marlene , Tillmann Katharina , Petroczi Karin , Vondra Sigrid , Vakal Serhii , Schosserer Markus , Virgolini Nikolaus , Pollheimer Jürgen , Salminen Tiina A , Jilma Bernd , Borth Nicole , Boehm Thomas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHuman diamine oxidase (hDAO) rapidly inactivates histamine by deamination. No pharmacokinetic data are available to better understand its potential as a new therapeutic modality for diseases with excess local and systemic histamine, like anaphylaxis, urticaria or mastocytosis. After intravenous administration of recombinant hDAO to rats and mice, more than 90% of the dose disappeared from the plasma pool within 10 min. Human DAO did not only bind to various endothelial and epithelial cell lines in vitro, but was also unexpectedly internalized and visible in granule-like structures. The uptake of rhDAO into cells was dependent on neither the asialoglycoprotein-receptor (ASGP-R) nor the mannose receptor (MR) recognizing terminal galactose or mannose residues, respectively. Competition experiments with ASGP-R and MR ligands did not block internalization in vitro or rapid clearance in vivo. The lack of involvement of N-glycans was confirmed by testing various glycosylation mutants. High but not low molecular weight heparin strongly reduced the internalization of rhDAO in HepG2 cells and HUVECs. Human DAO was readily internalized by CHO-K1 cells, but not by the glycosaminoglycan- and heparan sulfate-deficient CHO cell lines pgsA-745 and pgsD-677, respectively. A docked heparin hexasaccharide interacted well with the predicted heparin binding site 568RFKRKLPK575. These results strongly imply that rhDAO clearance in vivo and cellular uptake in vitro is independent of N-glycan interactions with the classical clearance receptors ASGP-R and MR, but is mediated by binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans followed by internalization via an unknown receptor.