bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antisolvent effect on the crystallization of fosfomycin phenylethylamine by acetone: Solubility measurement and thermodynamic mechanism analysis
Authors: Long Bingwen , Zhu Shijie , Ding Yigang 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAntisolvent crystallization of fosfomycin phenylethylamin (FPEA) by acetone is demonstrated by measuring its solubility in binary solvents of (ethanol + acetone) and (water + acetone) at 293.15 K. The solubility (g/g) of FPEA always decreased with the increase of acetone composition and correlations were proposed to sufficiently represent the data. Excess solubilities (mole fraction) of FPEA were always positive with maximum and well correlated by the simplified‐modified‐Wilson equation. Effects of various solvent properties on the solubility were analyzed by the solvatochromic KAT linear solvation energy relationship, which revealed the decrease of solvent's hydrogen bond donation ability should be the most essential characteristics of the antisolvent. Finally, by analyzing its surrounding solvent composition using the inverse Kirkwood–Buff integrals method, we found FPEA was preferentially solvated by water in acetone–water due to the strong acidic behavior of water, while, because of different competing interactions in acetone–ethanol, FPEA was preferentially solvated by acetone in ethanol‐rich region while by ethanol in acetone‐rich region.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Silacyclization of (Hetero)Arenes with a Tetrasilane Reagent through Twofold C−H Activation
Authors: Wang Dingyi , Li Mingjie , Chen Xiangyang , Wang Minyan , Liang Yong , Zhao Yue , Houk Kendall N. , Shi Zhuangzhi 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe use of an operationally convenient and stable silicon reagent (octamethyl‐1,4‐dioxacyclohexasilane, ODCS) for the selective silacyclization of (hetero)arenes via twofold C−H activation is reported. This method is compatible with N‐containing heteroarenes such as indoles and carbazoles of varying complexity. The ODCS reagent can also be utilized for silacyclization of other types of substrates, including tertiary phosphines and aryl halides. A series of mechanistic experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to investigate the preferred pathway for this twofold C−H activation process.
Oxalohydrazide Ligands for Copper‐Catalyzed C−O Coupling Reactions with High Turnover Numbers
Authors: Ray Ritwika , Hartwig John F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHere, we report a class of ligands based on oxalohydrazide cores andN‐amino pyrrole andN‐amino indole units that generates long‐lived copper catalysts for couplings that form the C−O bonds in biaryl ethers. These Cu‐catalyzed coupling of phenols with aryl bromides occurred with turnovers up to 8000, a value which is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than those of prior couplings to form biaryl ethers and nearly an order of magnitude higher than those of any prior copper‐catalyzed coupling of aryl bromides and chlorides. This ligand also led to copper systems that catalyze the coupling of aryl chlorides with phenols and the coupling of aryl bromides and iodides with primary benzylic and aliphatic alcohols. A wide variety of functional groups including nitriles, halides, ethers, ketones, amines, esters, amides, vinylarenes, alcohols and boronic acid esters were tolerated, and reactions occurred with aryl bromides in pharmaceutically related structures.
State of the Science: A Concept Analysis of Surgical Smoke
Authors: Vortman Rebecca , McPherson Sara , Cecilia Wendler M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSurgical smoke has not been clearly defined in the literature and often is identified using surrogate terms (eg, plume). In January 2020, a literature search was performed and a principle‐based concept analysis involving four general principles (epistemological, pragmatic, linguistic, and logical) was used to define surgical smoke and identify implications for perioperative personnel, patients, researchers, and policymakers. Surgical smoke is a visible plume of aerosolized combustion byproducts produced by heat‐generating surgical instruments. It consists of water vapor and gaseous substances; can carry toxic chemicals, bacteria, viruses, and tumors; can obscure the surgical field; and can be inhaled. Surgical smoke has a distinctive noxious odor and can cause physical symptoms such as watery eyes and throat irritation. Perioperative leaders should promote protection from occupational harm by educating their staff members on the use of smoke evacuators to mitigate the effects of surgical smoke on perioperative patients and personnel.
Guidelines in Practice: Autologous Tissue Management
Authors: Link Terri 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTDuring a surgical procedure, the surgeon may remove tissue to be preserved and stored for replantation or autotransplantation on or in the same individual during a subsequent procedure. The AORN “Guideline for autologous tissue management” provides guidance to perioperative personnel for preserving and handling autologous tissue (eg, cranial bone flaps, parathyroid tissue, skin, vessels) that will be replanted or autotransplanted in the same facility in which the tissue was surgically removed. This article discusses guideline recommendations on packaging, labeling, storing, and disposing of autologous tissue. A scenario describes how an interdisciplinary team uses the AORN guideline and Guideline Essentials to identify recommendations and tools to incorporate into their policy and procedures after their facility receives a citation during a regulatory site visit. Perioperative RNs should review the entire guideline for additional information when creating and updating policies and procedures on autologous tissue management.
Improving benthic biodiversity assessments in turbid aquatic environments
Authors: Jones Robyn E. , Unsworth Richard K.F. , Hawes Jon , Griffin Ross A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBiodiversity in turbid aquatic environments is commonly assessed using extractive sampling methods that damage the seabed. Underwater cameras equipped with clear liquid optical chambers (CLOCs) for the assessment of seabed habitats and species are a non‐extractive alternative and have been applied in turbid environments globally. A CLOC is a body of clear liquid positioned in front of a camera to reduce the scattering of light that would otherwise occur when passing through the turbid water it displaces. Here, we test and quantify the effectiveness of a CLOC for marine benthic biodiversity assessments over gradients of increasing turbidity.The addition of a CLOC to a conventional benthic camera system significantly enhanced the quality of information gathered. Images acquired using the CLOC system consistently recorded statistically higher values of image quality (49% increase, based on the clarity of the image), seabed visible within the drop‐down frame (34% increase), and European Nature Information System habitat level identification (49% increase). Furthermore, it was found that the ‘annotation success’ of taxa (classification of a specimen to family level or higher) was found to increase between individual experts in the presence of a CLOC. A reduced sampling effort was also identified when using a CLOC. Taxonomic richness increased by 27% when comparing the same number of image stills collected with and without the CLOC.By reducing the limitations of underwater visibility previously attributed to underwater cameras, this concept extends the potential for use of non‐destructive survey techniques and allows for future users to collect robust information of an area, making better informed management decisions.
On the binary orbit of Henry Draper one (HD 1)
Authors: Strassmeier Klaus G. , Weber Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe present our final orbit for the late‐type spectroscopic binary Henry Draper one (HD 1). area total of 553 spectra from 13 years of observations are used with our robotic STELLA facility and its high‐resolution echelle spectrograph SES. Its long‐term radial velocity stability is ≈50  m  s−1. A single radial velocity of HD 1 reached an rms residual of 63  m  s−1, close to the expected precision. Spectral lines of HD 1 are rotationally broadened with a v sin i of 9.1 ± 0.1  km  s−1. The overall spectrum appears single‐lined and yielded an orbit with an eccentricity of 0.5056 ± 0.0005 and a semiamplitude of 4.44  km  s−1. We constrain and refine the orbital period based on the SES data alone to 2, 318.70 ± 0.32  days, compared to 2, 317.8 ± 1.1  days when including the older dataset published by DAO and Cambridge/Coravel. Owing to the higher precision of the SES data, we base the orbit calculation only on the STELLA/SES velocities so as to not degrade its solution. We redetermine astrophysical parameters for HD 1 from spectrum synthesis and, together with the new Gaia DR‐2 parallax, suggest a higher luminosity than published previously. We conclude that HD 1 is a slightly metal‐deficient K0 III‐II giant 217 times more luminous than the Sun. The secondary remains invisible at optical wavelengths. We present evidence for the existence of a third component.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging based on Chinese tasks to protect language function in epileptics
Authors: Wang Peng , Du Feizhou , Li Jianhao , Yu Hongmei , Tang Chencheng , Jiang Rui 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based on Chinese tasks to protect the language function in epileptics.Materials and MethodsA total of 34 native Chinese patients with epilepsy were enrolled and examined with BOLD‐fMRI scan based on six Chinese tasks. The epileptics were randomly divided into the control group (n = 15) and the experimental group (n = 19). The control group underwent the hollowing and multiple subpial transection operation only based on intraoperative EEG, while the experimental group was under notification of task‐state fMRI results in addition. Whereafter, the language ability of patients was evaluated by ABC assessment.ResultsThe brain regions related to Chinese function activated by different tasks were remarkably distinct and mainly concentrated in the temporal lobe and frontal lobe. In ontoanalysis, the activation signals of the fusiform gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, and precentral gyrus were generally low or even could not be detected. Unlike ontoanalysis, group analysis showed that the main effect regions of AN and PN task were in right superior temporal gyrus. The main effect regions of FF and VFC task were in right middle temporal gyrus. The main effect region of SF task was in left superior temporal gyrus. The main effect region of VFL task was in right middle frontal gyrus. The ABC assessment score of the control group 6 months after surgery was significantly lower than that 1 week before surgery (p < .05), while there was no significant difference in the experimental group, and the score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group.ConclusionIn the surgical treatment of epilepsy, a personalized surgical plan, based on task‐state fMRI and intraoperative EEG, can be developed according to the difference of activation areas to protect the language function and improve the quality of life in postoperative patients.
EDITORIAL Building bridges with mixed methods research?
Authors: Bager‐Charleson Sofie , McBeath Alistair , Vostanis Panos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMixed methods refers to the use of both qualitative and quantitative approaches and methods in one study or sequentially in two or more studies. Without a mixed methods approach there is – to our minds ‐ a risk that only part of a phenomenon or experience is being explored. Our own involvement in mixed methods research has grown out of a shared interest in the concept ‘research‐practitioner’. Psychotherapy is a notoriously complex and ever‐developing field, and our growing sense has been that mixed methods research can contribute to a more complete – both broad and deep ‐ sense of knowledge and understanding.
Hypoxia as a modulator of cytochromes P450: Overexpression of the cytochromes CYP2S1 and CYP24A1 in human liver cancer cells in hypoxia
Authors: Cabrera‐Cano Alfredo , Dávila‐Borja Víctor Manuel , Juárez‐Méndez Sergio , Marcial‐Quino Jaime , Gómez‐Manzo Saúl , Castillo‐Rodríguez Rosa Angélica 
Published: December 2020

Low levels of oxygen (hypoxia) have been reported in solid tumours. This hypoxic microenvironment modulates the expression of genes linked to a more aggressive disease. However, it is unclear if the expression of drug‐metabolizing enzymes as cytochromes P450 (CYPs) is affected by hypoxia in cancer. We aimed to define which cytochromes are affected by hypoxia using a liver cancer model in vitro. For this purpose, we assessed whole‐genome expression microarrays of HepG2 liver cancer cell line from free repository databases, looking for gene expression hypoxia‐associated profiles and selected those cytochromes with significant differences. Then, we corroborated their mRNA expression and protein levels by RT‐qPCR and western blot, respectively, as well as immunofluorescence. Based on microarray analysis, we found that the expression of CYP2S1 and CYP24A1 were up‐regulated with at least twice fold change compared with normoxia. The levels of mRNA and protein of CYP2S1 and CYP24A1 were increased significantly in hypoxic conditions (P < .05), and this tendency was also observed by immunofluorescence assays. Our data show that the expression of cytochromes CYP2S1 and CYP24A1 are induced in hypoxia, being the first time that CYP24A1 expression is associated with tumour hypoxia; which might have consequences in cancer progression and drug resistance.Significance of the studyHypoxia is among the most important factors for cellular adaptation to stress. Especially in cancer, a major public health issue, hypoxia plays a substantial role in angiogenesis, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Tumoral hypoxia has been described at least in the brain, breast, cervical, liver, renal, lung, pancreatic and renal cancer. However, the understanding of how hypoxia drives cancer progression is still a major challenge. One emerging question is the role of hypoxia over the expression of drug‐metabolizing enzymes, with a significant impact on drug treatment. In this context, our paper focus on the effect of hypoxia on CYPs, which is an essential group of drug‐metabolizing enzymes. We show that hypoxia induces the expression of two members of the CYPs family: CYP2S1 and CYP24A1. Importantly, CYP2S1 is a major metabolizer of carcinogenic substances being relevant that hypoxia could promote this function. Interestingly, CYP24A1 limits the action of the active form of vitamin D, which is an anti‐proliferative factor in cancer. Our evidence shows for the first time that hypoxia can induce CYP24A1 expression, with a potential effect on cancer progression. Our contribution clarifies a particular effect of tumoral hypoxia and the implications will be useful in the understanding of the progression of cancer, the resistance to treatment and the development of alternative therapies.
Curcumin ameliorates IL‐1β‐induced apoptosis by activating autophagy and inhibiting the NF‐κB signaling pathway in rat primary articular chondrocytes
Authors: Chen Tianyi , Zhou Renpeng , Chen Yong , Fu Wanjin , Wei Xin , Ma Ganggang , Hu Wei , Lu Chao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractArticular cartilage damage and chondrocyte apoptosis are common features of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Recently, curcumin has been reported to exhibit protective effects on degeneration in articular cartilage diseases. However, the effects and mechanisms of curcumin on articular chondrocyte injury remain to be elucidated. The aim of the present study is to investigate the chondroprotective mechanisms of curcumin on interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β)‐induced chondrocyte apoptosis in vitro. The results revealed that IL‐1β decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in primary articular chondrocytes. Curcumin pretreatment reduced IL‐1β‐induced articular chondrocyte apoptosis. In addition, treatment with curcumin increased autophagy in articular chondrocytes and protected against IL‐1β‐induced apoptosis. The curcumin‐mediated protection against IL‐1β induced apoptosis was abolished when cells were treated with the autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine or transfected with Beclin‐1 small interfering RNA. Furthermore, IL‐1β stimulation significantly increased the phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor (NF)‐κB p65 and glycogen synthase kinase‐3β, and decreased the phosphorylation levels of β‐catenin in articular chondrocytes, and these alterations to the phosphorylation levels were partly reversed by treatment with curcumin. Dual‐luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that IL‐1β increased NF‐κB p65 promoter activity in chondrocytes, and this was also reversed by curcumin. Pretreatment with the NF‐κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate enhanced the protective effects of curcumin on chondrocyte apoptosis, but Wnt/β‐catenin inhibitor, XAV‐939, did not exhibit this effect. Molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies results showed that curcumin could bound to RelA (p65) protein. These results indicate that curcumin may suppress IL‐1β‐induced chondrocyte apoptosis through activating autophagy and restraining NF‐κB signaling pathway.
Parallel Lipid Peroxide Accumulation Strategy Based on Bimetal–Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Ferrotherapy
Authors: Xin Hao , Wang Fang , Luo Rengan , Lei Jianping 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFerroptosis, a nonapoptotic cell‐death pathway, is commonly regulated by ether lipid peroxide generation or glutathione consumption. In this work, a parallel lipid peroxide accumulation strategy was designed based on catalytic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for enhanced ferrotherapy. The bimetallic MOF was synthesized with iron porphyrin as a linker and cupric ion as a metal node, and erastin, a ferroptosis inducer, was sandwiched between the MOF layers with 4,4′‐dipyridyl disulfide as spacers. In a tumor microenvironment, erastin was released from the layered MOFs through glutathione‐responsive cleavage. The exfoliated MOFs served as a dual Fenton reaction inducer to generate numerous hydroxyl radicals for the accumulation of lipid peroxide, while erastin‐aggravated glutathione depletion down‐regulated glutathione peroxidase 4; this then inhibited the consumption of lipid peroxide. Therefore, a parallel lipid peroxide accumulation strategy was established for enhanced ferrotherapy that effectively inhibited tumor growth in live mice, opening up new opportunities to treat apoptosis‐insensitive tumors.
Elektrostatisch unterstützte Nassabscheidung in einem Windkanal: Ermittlung des Fraktionsabscheidegrads
Authors: Zillgitt Marcel , Schmidt Eberhard 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIm Bereich kleiner Partikelgrößen nimmt die Abscheidewahrscheinlichkeit aufgrund geringerer Trägheit ab, so dass sich eine elektrostatische Beeinflussung eines erzeugten Wassersprühnebels eignet, um die emissionsmindernde Wirkung zu verbessern. Anhand eines Einsatzszenarios wurden die Abscheidemechanismen bedingt durch Trägheit, turbulente Vermischung und elektrostatische Anziehung studiert, um den Fraktionsabscheidegrad theoretisch anzunähern. Der Ansatz verdeutlicht die größenabhängige Dominanz der Abscheidemechanismen und lässt einen qualitativen Vergleich mit praktischen Ergebnissen zu.
The effectiveness of mediation for older people at risk of or experiencing abuse
Authors: Martin Jennifer , Roberts Susan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study seeks to identify the effectiveness of mediation interventions for older people at risk of, or experiencing elder abuse. The study sought evidence to address the critical question of: How effective is mediation for older people at risk of, or experiencing elder abuse? In answering this, question common themes and gaps in the literature were identified in studies of mediation and elder abuse. There was only one study focused specifically on mediation and elder abuse. This study found that mediation is effective in preventing or stopping financial abuse of older people.
Can evolutionary theories of dispersal and senescence predict postrelease survival, dispersal, and body condition of a reintroduced threatened mammal?
Authors: Robinson Natasha M. , Blanchard Wade , MacGregor Christopher , Brewster Rob , Dexter Nick , Lindenmayer David B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Theories of dispersal and senescence (or aging) predict that dispersal, and ongoing survival and body condition, are influenced by evolutionary drivers, along with intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Such theories are relevant to translocations of animals where high mortality, loss of body condition, and dispersal beyond the area of release are commonly reported. However, these theories have rarely been tested using data from translocations.

We explore whether theories of dispersal and senescence, together with biological knowledge and management interventions, can predict rates of postrelease dispersal, survival and change in body condition of a translocated endangered meso‐predator, the eastern quoll Dasyurus viverrinus.

Captive‐bred quolls (n = 60) from three sanctuaries were translocated to an unfenced, predator‐managed reserve (Booderee National Park) over 2 years (2018, 2019). Survival, dispersal and body mass were monitored via GPS/VHF tracking and targeted trapping for 45 days postrelease.

We found support for the “social subordinate” hypothesis, with smaller quolls dispersing further. Consistent with theories of senescence and the biology of our species, survival was marginally greater for females, and females regained losses in body mass in both years following release. In contrast, males recovered body condition in the first but not the second release as this coincided with breeding. Quolls that originated from the mainland sanctuary were on average heavier at release and, after accounting for weight, dispersed further.

Synthesis and applications. Using theory to test outcomes of wildlife translocations can provide insights into patterns across taxa and under different conditions, enabling useful improvements to future fauna translocations. This allows for better predictions to be made about the likelihood of success from proposed translocations, changes to planning to improve outcomes (e.g., modifying sex ratios, individual selection and release cohort), and improved animal welfare as fewer animals are subjected to trials.