bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Puma genomes from North and South America provide insights into the genomic consequences of inbreeding
Authors: Saremi Nedda F. , Supple Megan A. , Byrne Ashley , Cahill James A. , Coutinho Luiz Lehmann , Dalén Love , Figueiró Henrique V. , Johnson Warren E. , Milne Heather J. , O’Brien Stephen J. , O’Connell Brendan , Onorato David P. , Riley Seth P. D. , Sikich Jeff A. , Stahler Daniel R. , Villela Priscilla Marqui Schmidt , Vollmers Christopher , Wayne Robert K. , Eizirik Eduardo , Corbett-Detig Russell B. , Green Richard E. , Wilmers Christopher C. , Shapiro Beth 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPumas are the most widely distributed felid in the Western Hemisphere. Increasingly, however, human persecution and habitat loss are isolating puma populations. To explore the genomic consequences of this isolation, we assemble a draft puma genome and a geographically broad panel of resequenced individuals. We estimate that the lineage leading to present-day North American pumas diverged from South American lineages 300–100 thousand years ago. We find signatures of close inbreeding in geographically isolated North American populations, but also that tracts of homozygosity are rarely shared among these populations, suggesting that assisted gene flow would restore local genetic diversity. The genome of a Florida panther descended from translocated Central American individuals has long tracts of homozygosity despite recent outbreeding. This suggests that while translocations may introduce diversity, sustaining diversity in small and isolated populations will require either repeated translocations or restoration of landscape connectivity. Our approach provides a framework for genome-wide analyses that can be applied to the management of similarly small and isolated populations.
Drosulfakinin signaling in fruitless circuitry antagonizes P1 neurons to regulate sexual arousal in Drosophila
Authors: Wu Shunfan , Guo Chao , Zhao Huan , Sun Mengshi , Chen Jie , Han Caihong , Peng Qionglin , Qiao Huanhuan , Peng Ping , Liu Yan , Luo Shengzhan D. , Pan Yufeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAnimals perform or terminate particular behaviors by integrating external cues and internal states through neural circuits. Identifying neural substrates and their molecular modulators promoting or inhibiting animal behaviors are key steps to understand how neural circuits control behaviors. Here, we identify the Cholecystokinin-like peptide Drosulfakinin (DSK) that functions at single-neuron resolution to suppress male sexual behavior in Drosophila. We found that Dsk neurons physiologically interact with male-specific P1 neurons, part of a command center for male sexual behaviors, and function oppositely to regulate multiple arousal-related behaviors including sex, sleep and spontaneous walking. We further found that the DSK-2 peptide functions through its receptor CCKLR-17D3 to suppress sexual behaviors in flies. Such a neuropeptide circuit largely overlaps with the fruitless-expressing neural circuit that governs most aspects of male sexual behaviors. Thus DSK/CCKLR signaling in the sex circuitry functions antagonistically with P1 neurons to balance arousal levels and modulate sexual behaviors.
Size-dependent diffusion controls natural aging in aluminium alloys
Authors: Dumitraschkewitz Phillip , Uggowitzer Peter J. , Gerstl Stephan S. A. , Löffler Jörg F. , Pogatscher Stefan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA key question in materials science is how fast properties evolve, which relates to the kinetics of phase transformations. In metals, kinetics is primarily connected to diffusion, which for substitutional elements is enabled via mobile atomic-lattice vacancies. In fact, non-equilibrium vacancies are often required for structural changes. Rapid quenching of various important alloys, such as Al- or Mg-alloys, results for example in natural aging, i.e. slight movements of solute atoms in the material, which significantly alter the material properties. In this study we demonstrate a size effect of natural aging in an AlMgSi alloy via atom probe tomography with near-atomic image resolution. We show that non-equilibrium vacancy diffusional processes are generally stopped when the sample size reaches the nanometer scale. This precludes clustering and natural aging in samples below a certain size and has implications towards the study of non-equilibrium diffusion and microstructural changes via microscopy techniques.
Safety and efficacy of ChAdOx1 RVF vaccine against Rift Valley fever in pregnant sheep and goats
Authors: Stedman Anna , Wright Daniel , Wichgers Schreur Paul J. , Clark Madeleine H. A. , Hill Adrian V. S. , Gilbert Sarah C. , Francis Michael J. , van Keulen Lucien , Kortekaas Jeroen , Charleston Bryan , Warimwe George M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne virus that was first discovered in Kenya in 1930 and has since spread to become endemic in much of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Rift Valley fever (RVF) causes recurrent outbreaks of febrile illness associated with high levels of mortality and poor outcomes during pregnancy—including foetal malformations, spontaneous abortion and stillbirths—in livestock, and associated with miscarriage in humans. No vaccines are available for human use and those licensed for veterinary use have potential drawbacks, including residual virulence that may contraindicate their use in pregnancy. To address this gap, we previously developed a simian adenovirus vectored vaccine, ChAdOx1 RVF, that encodes RVFV envelope glycoproteins. ChAdOx1 RVF is fully protective against RVF in non-pregnant livestock and is also under development for human use. Here, we now demonstrate that when administered to pregnant sheep and goats, ChAdOx1 RVF is safe, elicits high titre RVFV neutralizing antibody, and provides protection against viraemia and foetal loss, although this protection is not as robust for the goats. In addition, we provide a description of RVFV challenge in pregnant goats and contrast this to the pathology observed in pregnant sheep. Together, our data further support the ongoing development of ChAdOx1 RVF vaccine for use in livestock and humans.
Changes in extreme temperature over China when global warming stabilized at 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C
Authors: Sun Cenxiao , Jiang Zhihong , Li Wei , Hou Qiyao , Li Laurent 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe 1.5 °C global warming target proposed by the Paris Agreement has raised worldwide attention and inspired numerous studies to assess corresponding climate changes for different regions of the world. But CMIP5 models based on Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) are ‘transient simulations’ and cannot reflect the response of climate warming stabilized at 1.5 °C. The current work presents an assessment of extreme temperature changes in China with simulations from ‘Half a degree Additional warming, Prognosis and Projected Impacts’ (HAPPI) project specially conceived for global warming levels stabilized at 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C. When global warming stabilizes at 1.5 °C/2.0 °C, the areal-mean temperature for whole China increases by about 0.94 °C/1.59 °C (relative to present period, taken from 2006–2015). Notable increase regions are mainly found in Northwest and Northeast-North China, but warm spell duration increases mostly in Southeast China. The effect of the additional 0.5 °C warming is particularly investigated and compared between the transient and stabilized simulations. Changes of mean and extreme temperature are larger in transient simulations than in stabilized simulations. The uncertainty range is also narrower in stabilized simulations. Under stabilized global warming scenario, extreme hot event with return period of 100 years in the present climate becomes event occurring every 4.79 (1.5 °C warming level) and 1.56 years (2.0 °C warming level), extreme cold event with return period of 10 years becomes event occurring every 67 years under 1.5 °C warming and is unlikely to occur under 2.0 °C warming. For geographic distribution, the occurrence probabilities of extreme (hot and cold) events mainly change in the Tibetan Plateau, and the extreme cold events also change in Northeast and Southeast China.
Predictors for malignancy risk in subcentimeter thyroid nodules categorized as atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance by fine needle aspiration
Authors: Ding Jinhua , Jiang Li , Fang Jianjiang , Jiang Yan , Zhu Ye , Hua Tebo , Yuan Yijie , Wu Weizhu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLittle work has been done on the prediction of malignancy risk in patients with subcentimeter thyroid nodule (TN) categorized as atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS). We performed a retrospective analysis on the medical records of subcentimeter TNs whose initial fine-needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis was AUS/FLUS at our center between November 2013 and August 2018. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to select independent factors associated with malignancy. Of the 324 patients who were classified as AUS/FLUS on initial FNA, 153 patients underwent surgical procedures and showed an associated malignancy rate of 45.10% (69/153). The malignancy rates in AUS/FLUS settings with and without repeat FNA were 38.30% (18/47), and 48.11% (51/106), respectively, p = 0.260. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age < 55 (OR 3.015, 95% CI 1.196–7.596), microcalcification (OR 9.162, 95% CI 3.332–25.916) and taller than wide shape (OR 10.785, 95% CI 4.108–28.319) were three independent predictors for malignancy. The malignancy rates in the patients with one or none of predictor and patients with two or three above predictors were 20.5% (17/83) and 74.3% (52/70), respectively, p < 0.001 (OR 11.216, 95% CI 5.266–23.885). In conclusion, our study showed that for subcentimeter TNs with AUS/FLUS category, patient’s age, taller than wide shape and microcalcification were three independent predictive factors for malignancy, which was helpful for decision-making of surgery or observation in such patient population.
This is for you: Social modulations of proximal vs. distal space in collaborative interaction
Authors: Rocca Roberta , Wallentin Mikkel , Vesper Cordula , Tylén Kristian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHuman spatial representations are shaped by affordances for action offered by the environment. A prototypical example is the organization of space into peripersonal (within reach) and extrapersonal (outside reach) regions, mirrored by proximal (this/here) and distal (that/there) linguistic expressions. The peri-/extrapersonal distinction has been widely investigated in individual contexts, but little is known about how spatial representations are modulated by interaction with other people. Is near/far coding of space dynamically adapted to the position of a partner when space, objects, and action goals are shared? Over two preregistered experiments based on a novel interactive paradigm, we show that, in individual and social contexts involving no direct collaboration, linguistic coding of locations as proximal or distal depends on their distance from the speaker’s hand. In contrast, in the context of collaborative interactions involving turn-taking and role reversal, proximal space is shifted towards the partner, and linguistic coding of near space (‘this’ / ‘here’) is remapped onto the partner’s action space.
Ecosystem-bedrock interaction changes nutrient compartmentalization during early oxidative weathering
Authors: Zaharescu Dragos G. , Burghelea Carmen I. , Dontsova Katerina , Presler Jennifer K. , Hunt Edward A. , Domanik Kenneth J. , Amistadi Mary K. , Sandhaus Shana , Munoz Elise N. , Gaddis Emily E. , Galey Miranda , Vaquera-Ibarra María O. , Palacios-Menendez Maria A. , Castrejón-Martinez Ricardo , Roldán-Nicolau Estefanía C. , Li Kexin , Maier Raina M. , Reinhard Christopher T. , Chorover Jon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEcosystem-bedrock interactions power the biogeochemical cycles of Earth’s shallow crust, supporting life, stimulating substrate transformation, and spurring evolutionary innovation. While oxidative processes have dominated half of terrestrial history, the relative contribution of the biosphere and its chemical fingerprints on Earth’s developing regolith are still poorly constrained. Here, we report results from a two-year incipient weathering experiment. We found that the mass release and compartmentalization of major elements during weathering of granite, rhyolite, schist and basalt was rock-specific and regulated by ecosystem components. A tight interplay between physiological needs of different biota, mineral dissolution rates, and substrate nutrient availability resulted in intricate elemental distribution patterns. Biota accelerated CO2mineralization over abiotic controls as ecosystem complexity increased, and significantly modified the stoichiometry of mobilized elements. Microbial and fungal components inhibited element leaching (23.4% and 7%), while plants increased leaching and biomass retention by 63.4%. All biota left comparable biosignatures in the dissolved weathering products. Nevertheless, the magnitude and allocation of weathered fractions under abiotic and biotic treatments provide quantitative evidence for the role of major biosphere components in the evolution of upper continental crust, presenting critical information for large-scale biogeochemical models and for the search for stablein situbiosignatures beyond Earth.
In-hospital recurrence in a Chinese large cohort with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Yu Fan , Liu Xiaolu , Yang Qiong , Fu Yu , Fan Dongsheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAcute ischemic stroke (AIS) has a high risk of recurrence, particularly in the early stage. The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and risk factors of in-hospital recurrence in patients with AIS in China. A retrospective analysis was performed of all of the patients with new-onset AIS who were hospitalized in the past three years. Recurrence was defined as a new stroke event, with an interval between the primary and recurrent events greater than 24 hours; other potential causes of neurological deterioration were excluded. The risk factors for recurrence were analyzed using univariate and logistic regression analyses. A total of 1,021 patients were included in this study with a median length of stay of 14 days (interquartile range,11–18). In-hospital recurrence occurred in 58 cases (5.68%), primarily during the first five days of hospitalization. In-hospital recurrence significantly prolonged the hospital stay (P < 0.001), and the in-hospital mortality was also significantly increased (P = 0.006). The independent risk factors for in-hospital recurrence included large artery atherosclerosis, urinary or respiratory infection and abnormal blood glucose, whereas recurrence was less likely to occur in the patients with aphasia. Our study showed that the patients with AIS had a high rate of in-hospital recurrence, and the recurrence mainly occurred in the first five days of the hospital stay. In-hospital recurrence resulted in a prolonged hospital stay and a higher in-hospital mortality rate.
Habitat use and social mixing between groups of resident and augmented bighorn sheep
Authors: Robinson Rusty W. , Whiting Jericho C. , Shannon Justin M. , Olson Daniel D. , Flinders Jerran T. , Smith Tom S. , Bowyer R. Terry 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMonitoring dispersal, habitat use, and social mixing of released ungulates is crucial for successful translocation and species conservation. We monitored 127 female bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) released in three populations from 2000 to 2009 to investigate if augmented bighorns expanded and shifted seasonal ranges, used different habitat compared with resident females, and if animals mixed socially. Augmented bighorns in all populations expanded range use compared with residents by shifting utilization distributions. Size of utilization distributions, however, were smaller for augmented females compared with residents in all areas except one. Overlap of seasonal utilization distributions between augmented and resident bighorns and use of slope and elevation differed across populations. In two populations, differences in size and overlap of seasonal utilization distributions and use of slope and elevation supported the hypothesis that habitat use of bighorns in their source area influenced their habitat use after release. Mixing between resident and augmented adult females occurred on average during only 21% of sightings and was similar across populations. Our results clarify how augmented bighorns mix with resident animals and how habitat use is modified following augmentations. Such information is needed to improve bighorn sheep augmentations and can be applied to augmentations of other ungulates.
The Influence of Dimethyl Sulfoxide as Electrolyte Additive on Anodic Dissolution of Alkaline Zinc-Air Flow Battery
Authors: Hosseini Soraya , Abbasi Ali , Uginet Luc-Olivier , Haustraete Nicolas , Praserthdam Supareak , Yonezawa Tetsu , Kheawhom Soorathep 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe present work describes the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in KOH aqueous electrolyte on the performance of a zinc-air flow battery. Aqueous electrolytes containing 7 M KOH and (0 to 20)% v/v DMSO were studied revealing a critical role of DMSO on the dissolution and deposition of zinc. The anodic zinc dissolution process was studied via cyclic voltammetry, Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The presence of DMSO showed improved zinc dissolution performance with the highest peak of zinc dissolution being the electrolyte containing 5% v/v DMSO. Tafel analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in polarization resistance and an increase in corrosion rate due to the introduction of DMSO to the electrolyte. This suggests that DMSO has the ability to suspend zinc oxide in the electrolyte, thus preventing passivation of the zinc surface. EIS results revealed that by adding DMSO to the electrolyte, charge transfer resistance increased. This is attributed to the formation of passive layers having arisen from DMSO adsorption, the formation of zincate ions in the vicinity of the zinc surface, and the deposition of discharged products. A difference in Nyquist plots was observed for 20% v/v DMSO/KOH and 0% v/v DMSO/KOH electrolytes implying non-Debye relaxation behavior taking place due to the surface effects. The electrolytes were implemented in a zinc-air flow battery. Maximum power densities of 130 mW/cm2 (5% v/v DMSO) and 125 mW/cm2 (20% v/v DMSO) were obtained and were observed to be about 43% and 28% higher than that of the DMSO-free electrolyte. Results indicated that when 20% v/v DMSO was added to KOH solution, there was 67% zinc utilization efficiency (550 mAh/g) which provided 20% improvement in discharge capacity. Further, the battery with 20% v/v DMSO demonstrated excellent cyclability. Overall, DMSO shows great promise for enhancement of zinc dissolution/deposition in zinc-air batteries.
Changes in motor behavior, neuropathology, and gut microbiota of a Batten disease mouse model following administration of acidified drinking water
Authors: Johnson Tyler B. , Langin Logan M. , Zhao Jing , Weimer Jill M. , Pearce David A. , Kovács Attila D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCLN3 mutations cause the fatal neurodegenerative disorder, CLN3 Batten disease. The Cln3−/− mouse model displays characteristic features of the human disease including motor deficits. When mice received acidified drinking water (pH 2.5–2.9) instead of normal tap water (pH 8.4) for several generations, the motor skills of Cln3−/− mice normalized to control levels, indicating a disease-modifying effect of acidified water. Here we investigated if acidified water administered from postnatal day 21 has therapeutic benefits in Cln3−/− mice. Indeed, acidified water temporarily attenuated the motor deficits, had beneficial effects on behavioral parameters and prevented microglial activation in the brain of Cln3−/− mice. Interestingly, in control mice, acidified drinking water caused brain region-specific glial activation and significant changes in motor performance. Since the gut microbiota can influence neurological functions, we examined it in our disease model and found that the gut microbiota of Cln3−/− mice was markedly different from control mice, and acidified water differentially changed the gut microbiota composition in these mice. These results indicate that acidified water may provide therapeutic benefit to CLN3 Batten disease patients, and that the pH of drinking water is a major environmental factor that strongly influences the results of murine behavioral and pathological studies.
NMR-based metabolic profiling and comparison of Japanese persimmon cultivars
Authors: Ryu Shoraku , Muramatsu Tomonari , Furihata Kazuo , Wei Feifei , Koda Masanori , Miyakawa Takuya , Tanokura Masaru 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPersimmons are a traditional, autumnal, and healthy fruit commonly consumed in Japan and East Asia based on the saying, “a persimmon a day keeps the doctor away.” The differences in metabolites among five major Japanese persimmon cultivars were investigated using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics approach. By using a broadband water suppression enhanced through T1 effects (WET) method for the sensitive detection of minor metabolites, better discrimination among cultivars and more informative details regarding their metabolic differences have been achieved compared to those achieved in conventional 1H NMR sequences. Among the nonastringent cultivars analyzed, the Taishu cultivar has the highest abundance of amino acids. The Matsumotowase-Fuyu cultivar contains ethyl-β-glycosides as characteristic components, which may relate to fruit softening. Citric acid concentration is higher in Maekawa Jiro than in other nonastringent cultivars. Among the two astringent cultivars analyzed, ethanol was significantly higher in Hiratanenashi than in Yotsumizo, which indicates different reactivity during deastringency treatments. The present study proposes an efficient and relatively quantitative metabolomics approach based on broadband WET NMR spectra.
Using artificial intelligence to read chest radiographs for tuberculosis detection: A multi-site evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of three deep learning systems
Authors: Qin Zhi Zhen , Sander Melissa S. , Rai Bishwa , Titahong Collins N. , Sudrungrot Santat , Laah Sylvain N. , Adhikari Lal Mani , Carter E. Jane , Puri Lekha , Codlin Andrew J. , Creswell Jacob 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDeep learning (DL) neural networks have only recently been employed to interpret chest radiography (CXR) to screen and triage people for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). No published studies have compared multiple DL systems and populations. We conducted a retrospective evaluation of three DL systems (CAD4TB, Lunit INSIGHT, and qXR) for detecting TB-associated abnormalities in chest radiographs from outpatients in Nepal and Cameroon. All 1196 individuals received a Xpert MTB/RIF assay and a CXR read by two groups of radiologists and the DL systems. Xpert was used as the reference standard. The area under the curve of the three systems was similar: Lunit (0.94, 95% CI: 0.93–0.96), qXR (0.94, 95% CI: 0.92–0.97) and CAD4TB (0.92, 95% CI: 0.90–0.95). When matching the sensitivity of the radiologists, the specificities of the DL systems were significantly higher except for one. Using DL systems to read CXRs could reduce the number of Xpert MTB/RIF tests needed by 66% while maintaining sensitivity at 95% or better. Using a universal cutoff score resulted different performance in each site, highlighting the need to select scores based on the population screened. These DL systems should be considered by TB programs where human resources are constrained, and automated technology is available.