bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the number of components in PLS regression on incomplete data set
Authors: Nengsih Titin Agustin , Bertrand Frédéric , Maumy-Bertrand Myriam , Meyer Nicolas 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Partial least squares regression – or PLS regression – is a multivariate method in which the model parameters are estimated using either the SIMPLS or NIPALS algorithm. PLS regression has been extensively used in applied research because of its effectiveness in analyzing relationships between an outcome and one or several components. Note that the NIPALS algorithm can provide estimates parameters on incomplete data. The selection of the number of components used to build a representative model in PLS regression is a central issue. However, how to deal with missing data when using PLS regression remains a matter of debate. Several approaches have been proposed in the literature, including the Q
2 criterion, and the AIC and BIC criteria. Here we study the behavior of the NIPALS algorithm when used to fit a PLS regression for various proportions of missing data and different types of missingness. We compare criteria to select the number of components for a PLS regression on incomplete data set and on imputed data set using three imputation methods: multiple imputation by chained equations, k-nearest neighbour imputation, and singular value decomposition imputation. We tested various criteria with different proportions of missing data (ranging from 5% to 50%) under different missingness assumptions. Q
2-leave-one-out component selection methods gave more reliable results than AIC and BIC-based ones.
Testing normality
Authors: Klauenberg Katy , Elster Clemens 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In metrology, the normal distribution is often taken for granted, e. g. when evaluating the result of a measurement and its uncertainty, or when establishing the equivalence of measurements in key or supplementary comparisons. The correctness of this inference and subsequent conclusions is dependent on the normality assumption, such that a validation of this assumption is essential. Hypothesis testing is the formal statistical framework to do so, and this introduction will describe how statistical tests detect violations of a distributional assumption.
In the metrological context we will advise on how to select such a hypothesis test, how to set it up, how to perform it and which conclusion(s) can be drawn. In addition, we calculate the number of measurements needed to decide whether a process departs from a normal distribution and quantify how sure one is about this decision then. These aspects are illustrated for the powerful Shapiro-Wilk test and by an example in legal metrology. For this application we recommend to perform 330 measurements. Briefly we also touch upon the issues of multiple testing and rounded measurements.
Metaphor in argument: The Beelzebul-controversy in the Gospel according to Mark
Authors: Breytenbach Cilliers 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
How do metaphoric texts interact with their argumentative context? After explaining the use and functioning of metaphors in communicative acts, the essay focusses on similes and parables as extended metaphors. Mark 3:22–30 is studied in detail, examining the function of the metaphors used in the argumentative dispute. The example shows that parables and similes can have different functions in arguments. As comparative illustration, they can support the argument, but the solution of the dispute can also be expressed in metaphor only. In both cases however, metaphoric speech is based on analogy and servient to the surrounding argument.
Der politische Lukas. Zur kulturellen Interaktion des lukanischen Doppelwerks mit dem Imperium Romanum
Authors: Schreiber Stefan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The conventional image of the Rome-friendly, politically apologetic Luke is increasingly questioned today. In order to be able to recognize a political attitude of Luke within the narratives of Luke-Acts, an evaluation of different textual complexes is necessary. The article first elaborates on Rome-critical features of the Lukan Birth narrative against the backdrop of the conception of the aurea aetas supporting the early Roman Principate, before considering the implications of the idea of Christ’s reign for the evaluation of imperial rule. It also addresses the dark sides of Roman rule in Luke and then discusses the political ambivalence in the tax question in Luke 20,20–26. The sword episodes in the Passion narrative do not allow any violent resistance. The Roman governors as representatives of Rome in the provinces appear in Luke as factors of uncertainty for the first Christians, while the hope for a good living with the Roman military rests on the centurions. The real political challenge, however, is the ethos of the Christian communities itself. The synopsis of the texts gives a differentiated picture of the attitude Luke takes towards the Roman Empire.
ВОЛОКОННО-ОПТИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА КОНТРОЛЯ ТЯГИ ГАЗОТУРБИННЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ
Authors: Сандлер А. К. , Карпилов А. Ю. 
Published: November 2019

На современном этапе эволюции судовой энергетики отмечается определенный рост применения газотурбинных установок (ГТУ). Анализ эксплуатации судов и кораблей с ГТУ показал, что эти установки более эффективны по сравнению с дизельными на быстроходных (со скоростью хода более 20 … 25 узлов) судах водоизмещающего типа, а также на судах с динамическими принципами поддержания с большой энерговооруженностью - до 20 … 40 кВт на 1 тонну водоизмещения против 1 … 2 кВт на 1 тонну у водоизмещающих судов со скоростями движения 12 … 15 узлов.
Для судов и кораблей с динамическими принципами поддержания актуальным является точное определение векторов тяги двигателя. Традиционно измерение усилий, передаваемых на корпус, производится в узлах крепления установки либо на специальных динамометрических стендах.
В обоих вариантах контроля сложным является выбор тягоизмерительных устройств (ТИУ), обеспечивающих достаточно высокую информативность и чувствительность измерений.
Анализ существующих ТИУ показал, что применение их для контроля вектора тяги ГТУ в специальных эксплуатационных условиях характеризуется недостаточной достоверностью результатов измерения.
В сложившейся ситуации представилась целесообразной разработка нового схемотехнического решения ТИУ. Конструкция устройства позиционировалась как такая, в которой отсутствует необходимость постоянной поддержки чистоты и геометрии открытого измерительного канала, обеспечена инвариантность к помехам электромагнитного и термического происхождения, обеспечены измерения боковых составляющих тяги в двух плоскостях и одновременно сохранены надежность, чувствительность и простота схемотехнических решений систем известных типов.
Основное отличие предлагаемого устройства заключается в том, что вертикальный подвес дополнительно закреплен на горизонтальном упругом подвесе, а в тело обеих подвесов вмонтированы волоконные световоды. Световоды, играющие роль сенсорных элементов, чувствительны к деформации кручения, имеют отражающие слои на концах и термокомпенсационные биметаллические оболочки.
Комбинация оптико-механичных элементов в разработанном ТИУ позволит обеспечить:
повышенную чувствительность и точность измерения боковых составляющих вектора тяги путем исключения влияния неконтролируемых электромагнитных помех, которые создает двигатель, и силового влияния токов, генерируемых в кабелях питания;
отсутствие влияния неконтролируемых климатологических факторов на оптический канал;
защищенность чувствительных элементов системы;
постоянность геометрии оптического канала в условиях влияния неконтролируемых эксплуатационных факторов;
постоянное измерение в реальном масштабе времени.
Использование предлагаемого ТИУ позволит адекватно и достоверно оценивать результаты испытаний газотурбинных установок.
ШТУЧНИЙ ІНТЕЛЕКТ: ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ТА ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Пчелянський Д. П. , Воінова С. А. 
Published: November 2019

У статті подано основні дослідження в галузі штучного інтелекту як науки, що займається створенням автоматизованих інтелектуальних систем. Досліджено технологічні аспекти створення систем штучного інтелекту, розкрито різні підходи до їх конструювання. Показано місце експертних систем і нейромережевих технологій у цьому процесі. У статті розкрито сутність та уявлення про штучний інтелект, який постійно змінюється, трансформується бачення шляхів його розвитку, підходи до вивчення та функціонування в цілому. Найбільш перспективними напрямками в пізнанні штучного інтелекту, є нейронні мережі, еволюційні обчислення, експертні системи. Нейронні мережі здатні вирішувати такі прикладні задачі, як: фінансове прогнозування, контроль за діяльністю мереж, шифрування даних, діагностика систем. Розробка інтелектуальних експертних систем і нейронних мереж - це лише перші кроки на шляху до створення сильного штучного інтелекту. В межах цього змінюються вимоги до сучасних інформаційних інтелектуальних систем.
У статті подано загальну картину розвитку різних напрямків штучного інтелекту шляхом аналізу європейських і американських конференцій по штучному інтелекту за останні кілька років. Проаналізовано та надано статистичну інформацію за даними Німецької дослідницької компанії IPlytics про компанії, які лідирують в галузі штучного інтелекту. В статті наведено інформацію про стан розвитку штучного інтелекту в Україні.
Turunçgil bahçelerinde buprofezin etken maddesinin Chilocorus bipustulatus (Col: Coccinellidae)’a karşı yan etkilerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: KAHRAMAN Tuba , ÖZTOP Ali 
Published: November 2019

Turunçgil, Akdeniz Bölgesinde üretim alanı ve
miktarı açısından yoğun olarak yetiştirilen önemli ihraç ürünlerinden biridir.
İklim koşullarının uygun olması nedeniyle doğada çok sayıda turunçgil zararlısı
mevcuttur. Aynı zamanda çok sayıda faydalı böcek türü de tespit edilmiştir.
Fakat gereğinden fazla kullanılan pestisitler doğal düşman popülasyonuna zarar
vermektedir. Turunçgil ekosisteminde; turunçgil kırmızı ve sarı kabuklu biti ve
birçok turunçgil zararlısının önemli predatörlerinden Chilocorus bipustulatus (Col: Coccinellidae) doğal olarak yer
almaktadır. Bu çalışma ile tarla koşullarında buprofezin etken maddeli
insektisitin C. bipustulatus’un ergin
ve ergin öncesi dönemlerine karşı yan etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Deneme, ‘Pestisitlerin Faydalı Organizmalara Standart Yan Etki Deneme Metotları
(2018)’na göre Antalya ili Serik ve Aksu ilçelerinde olmak üzere iki lokasyonda
yürütülmüştür. Deneme sonucu elde edilen sonuçlar IOBC standartlarına göre
değerlendirilmiştir. Serik lokasyonunda sınıf değeri 1., 7., 14., ve 28. günde
zararsız veya az zararlı olarak hesaplanırken, aynı şekilde Aksu lokasyonunda
da sınıf değeri 1., 7., 14. ve 28. günde
zararsız veya az zararlı olarak bulunmuştur.
WITHDRAWN: Evaluation of PAX8 Expression Promotes the Proliferation of Stomach Cancer cells
Authors: Bie Liang-Yu , Li Ning , Luo Su-Xia , Deng Wen-Ying , Lu Xiao-Yu , Guo Ping 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background: PAX8 was identified as a mitosis-related regulator involved in the pathogenesis of human tumors and an indicator of the prognosis for patients. However, PAX8 function on proliferation in stomach cancer have not been studied. Aim: This study was aimed to explore the expression pattern of PAX8 in stomach cancer, and investigate the effect of PAX8 on the proliferation of stomach cancer cells. Methods: PAX8 expression pattern in stomach cancer was investigated in the “TCGA” database and compared in cancer and adjacent tissues of 36 clinical samples, in which the co-expression of SOX13 and PAX8 was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Based on the clinical record and IHC staining results, the survival curve was also mapped. Western blotting and qRT-PCR was used to analyze the effect of SOX13 on PAX8 expression in AGS and MGC803 cells, and the downstream effector Aurora B and Cyclin B1 expression. ChIP and luciferase assay were performed to explore SOX13 locate on the promoter of PAX8. Furthermore, CCK8, clone formation, EdU incorporation assay, and flow cytometry were used to detect the proliferative ability of AGS and MGC803 cell lines stably silenced PAX8. Results: PAX8 and SOX13 were identified to be synchronously upregulated in primary stomach cancer tissues and the stomach cancer TCGA datasets, and stomach cancer patients of combined high PAX8 and SOX13 expression showed worse prognosis. Furthermore, SOX13 can mediate PAX8 and its targeted genes expression, including Aurora B and Cyclin B1, in AGS and MGC803 cell lines. Flow cytometry and EdU incorporation assays showed that silencing PAX8 can block the cell cycle of stomach cancer cell in G1 phase and SOX13 expression can rescue the arrested proliferative process induced by PAX8 silenced in CCK8 and colony formation assays. Conclusion: -SOX13 participated in the elevated expression of PAX8, which promote the proliferation of stomach cancer cells, and both SOX13 and PAX8 play an oncogene role in stomach cancer.
Trends in maternal use of snus and smoking tobacco in pregnancy. A register study in Southern Norway
Authors: Rygh Ellen , Gallefoss Frode , Grøtvedt Liv 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background The use of tobacco products including Swedish snus (moist snuff) in pregnancy may cause adverse health outcomes. While smoking prevalence has decreased among fertile women in Norway, snus use has increased during the last years. We investigated whether these trends were reflected also during pregnancy in a population of women in Southern Norway. Methods Data on smoking tobacco and snus use at three time points before and during pregnancy for 20 844 women were retrieved from the electronic birth record for the years 2012-2017. The results for the three-year period 2015-2017 were compared with a previously studied period 2012-2014. Prevalence and quit rates of tobacco use within groups of age, parity and education were reported. Within the same groups adjusted quit rates were analyzed using logistic regression. Mean birthweight and Apgar score of offspring were calculated for tobacco-users and non-users. Results There was an increase of snus use before pregnancy from the period 2012-2014 to the period 2015-2017 from 5.1% (CI; 4.6 to 5.5) to 8.4% (CI; 7.8 to 8.9). Despite this, the use of snus during pregnancy did not increase from the first to the second period, but stabilized at 2.8% (CI; 2.5 to 3.2) in first trimester and 2.0% (CI; 1.7 to 2.2) in third trimester. Cigarette smoking decreased significantly both before and during pregnancy. Snus use and smoking during pregnancy were associated with a reduction in average birthweight, but no significant effects on Apgar scores. Odds ratios for quitting both snus and smoking tobacco during pregnancy were higher for women aged 25-34 years, for the primiparas and for those with a high level of education. Pregnant women were more likely to have quit tobacco use in the last time period compared to the first. Conclusions While smoking during pregnancy was decreasing, the use of snus remained constant, levelling off to around 3% in first trimester and 2% in third trimester. Approximately 25% of those that used snus, and 40% that smoked before pregnancy, continued use to the third trimester. This calls for a continuous watch on the use of snus and other nicotine products during pregnancy.
Identification and characterization of differentially expressed exosomal microRNAs in bovine milk infected with Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ma Shaoyang , Tong Chao , Ibeagha-Awemu Eveline M. , Zhao Xin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNA) in milk-derived exosomes may reflect pathophysiological changes caused by mastitis. This study profiled miRNAs in exosomes from both normal milk and mastitic milk infected by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The potential targets for differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were predicted and the target genes for bta-miR-378 and bta-miR-185 were also validated. Results: Total RNA from milk exosomes was collected from healthy cows (n=3, the control group) and S. aureus infected cows (n=6, the SA group). Two hundred ninety miRNAs (221 known and 69 novel ones) were identified. Among them, 22 known and 15 novel miRNAs were differentially expressed. Target genes of DE miRNAs were significantly enriched in intracellular protein transport, endoplasmic reticulum and identical protein binding. Two miRNAs (bta-miR-378 and bta-miR-185) with high read counts and log 2 fold changes (>3.5) were significantly higher in mastitic milk infected with S. aureus. One target gene (VAT1L) of bta-miR-378 and five target genes (DYRK1B, MLLT3, HP1BP3, NPR2 and PGM1) of bta-miR-185 were validated. Conclusion: DE miRNAs in exosomes from normal and S. aureus infected milk were identified. The predicted targets for two DE miRNAs (bta-miR-378 and bta-miR-185) were further validated. The linkage between the validated target genes and diseases suggested that we should pay particular attention to exosome miRNAs from mastitic milk in terms of milk safety.
Factors associated with permanent hypothyroidism in infants with congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Park Eun Sil , Yoon Ju Young 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common endocrine diseases in childhood. A significant proportion of CH cases are transient, but the risk factors for permanent CH (PCH) are not yet well established. The current guidelines suggest using levothyroxine until the age of 3 years, but some studies suggest the possibility of earlier discontinuation. However, few, if any, studies have followed up on the results of early discontinuation. This study aimed to identify predictive factors of transient CH among infants with CH. We also investigated the results in patients who underwent a trial of early discontinuation.

Methods

We gathered data regarding infants diagnosed with CH between July 2005 and July 2014 by retrospective chart review. Among them, early discontinuation subgroup was defined as those who discontinued levothyroxine before 30 months of age.

Results

From the 80 infants (40 males, 40 females) enrolled in this study, 51 were preterm. Nine (11.3%) were diagnosed with PCH. Compared with transient cases, those with PCH were on higher levothyroxine dose at discontinuation (4.3 vs 2.9 µg/kg, P < 0.001). There was no difference in the proportion of permanent cases between preterm and full-term groups. In preterm group,infants with PCH required higher levothyroxine dose at discontinuation than those with transient CH (3.8 vs 2.5 µg/kg, P = 0.018). Levothyroxine discontinuation at a dose of 2.86 µg/kg could suggest PCH (sensitivity, 88.9%; specificity, 71.0%). Among the 9 patients who underwent a trial of early discontinuation, 8 successfully discontinued levothyroxine.

Conclusion

The majority of CH patients discontinued levothyroxine successfully, including those who underwent a trial of early discontinuation. Higher levothyroxine dose at the time of discontinuation was found to be a predictive factor for PCH.
Correlation between clinical parameters of crown and gingival morphology of anterior teeth and periodontal biotypes
Authors: Yin Xiao-jie , Wei Bang-yan , Ke Xiu-ping , Zhang Ting , Jiang Meng-yang , Luo Xia-yan , Sun Hui Qiang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: In this study, we conducted a quantitative analysis of the clinical parameters of crown and gingival morphology (CGM) of the maxillary anterior teeth (MAT). We also analyzed the correlation of these parameters with periodontal biotype (PB), with a view to providing objective standards for PB diagnosis. Methods: The three-dimensional (3D) maxillary digital models of 56 individuals were obtained using an intra-oral scanner. The following parameters were measured with the SpaceClaim software: gingival angle (GA), papilla width (PW), papilla height (PH), crown length (CL), crown width (CW), crown width/crown length ratio (CW/CL), bucco-lingual width of the crown (BLW), contact surface width (CSW), and contact surface height/crown length ratio (CS/CL). The PBs were determined based on the transparency of the periodontal probe through the gingival sulcus. Independent factors influencing PB were analyzed by logistic regression, and the optimal cutoff values for the independent influencing factors were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC curves). Results: There was a significant difference in the parameters of CGM of the MAT at the left and right sides. The thick biotype accounted for 69.6%, and the parameters of sex, GA, PW, PH, CW and CW/CL were significantly correlated with PBs (P ≤ 0.043). GA (odds ratio (OR) = 1.206) and PW (OR = 5.048) were identified as independent predictive factors of PBs, with areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.807 and 0.881, respectively, and optimal cutoff values of 95.95° and 10.01 mm, respectively. Conclusion: The CGMs of the MAT at the left and right side are symmetrical. The thin biotype accounts for a small proportion, and GA and PW are independent influencing factors of PBs. GA of 95.95° and PW of 10.01 mm are the optimal cutoff values for categorization of individuals as thick biotype. This indicates that when the GA and PW of the right maxillary central incisor are G ≥95.95° and ≥10.01 mm, respectively, there is a higher probability that these individuals will be categorized as thick biotype.
Molecular evolution and expression of opsin genes in Hydra vulgaris
Authors: Munoz Aide Macias , Murad Rabi , Mortazavi Ali 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: The evolution of opsin genes is of great interest because it can provide insight into the evolution of light detection and vision. An interesting group in which to study opsins is Cnidaria because it is a basal phylum sister to Bilateria with much visual diversity within the phylum. Hydra vulgaris (H. vulgaris) is a cnidarian with a plethora of genomic resources to characterize the opsin gene family. This eyeless cnidarian has a behavioral reaction to light, but it remains unknown which of its many opsins functions in light detection. Here, we used phylogenetics and RNA-seq to investigate the molecular evolution of opsin genes and their expression in H. vulgaris. We explored where opsin genes are located relative to each other in an improved genome assembly and where they belong in a cnidarian opsin phylogenetic tree. In addition, we used RNA-seq data from different tissues of the H. vulgaris adult body and different time points during regeneration and budding stages to gain insight into their potential functions. Results: We identified 45 opsin genes in H. vulgaris, many of which were located near each other suggesting evolution by tandem duplications. Our phylogenetic tree of cnidarian opsin genes supported previous claims that they are evolving by lineage-specific duplications. We identified two H. vulgaris genes (HvOpA1 and HvOpB1) that fall outside of the two commonly determined Hydra groups; these genes possibly have a function in nematocytes and mucous gland cells respectively. We also found opsin genes that have similar expression patterns to phototransduction genes in H. vulgaris. We propose a H. vulgaris phototransduction cascade that has components of both ciliary and rhabdomeric cascades. Conclusions: This extensive study provides an in-depth look at the molecular evolution and expression of H. vulgarisopsin genes. The expression data that we have quantified can be used as a springboard for additional studies looking into the specific function of opsin genes in this species. Our phylogeny and expression data are valuable to investigations of opsin gene evolution and cnidarian biology.