bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Number of RNA Copies in Asymptomatic Individuals Infected with SARS-CoV-2 in an Area of the Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Mattar Salim , Martinez-Bravo Caty , Rivero Ricardo , Contreras Hector , Faccini-Martinez Alvaro , Guzman Camilo , Galeana Ketty , Alvis Nelson , Contreras Veronica , Arrieta German , Gonzalez Marco , Miranda Jorge , Ospina Martha , Camargo-Assis Francisco , Mercado Marcela , Garay Evelyn , Garcia-Perez Alejandra , Lopez Yesica , Tique Vaneza 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background. Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging pandemical virus that has caused millions of reported cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths in less than six months. South America has suffered the pandemic because it lacks the hospital and economic capacities needed to contain the pandemic's advance. Public health implications of transmission, while asymptomatic is a critical concern at the current pandemic.Objective: Describe the socio-demographic, clinical, and viral kinetics features of a cohort of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals from the Colombian Caribbean. Methods: Six hundred eighty-six clinical samples from several hospital centers in the province were received between April 9th and May 16th, 2020. RNA was extracted using lysis buffers and spin columns. The samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR (Reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction) using commercially available multiplex real-time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of 3 target genes of SARS-CoV-2 (AllplexTM, 2019-nCoV assay, Korea). Viral copies quantification was done using a standard curve constructed from seriated dilutions of a SARS-CoV-2 positive control. Statics descriptive methods were used. Results: Thirty-five nasopharyngeal samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection; the average age was 43 (range, 1-95 years). Seventeen of 35 (49%) of the patients showed symptoms. Most of them had cough, fever, and odynophagia, 3 of the patients reported having arthralgia. Only two patients required hospitalization. None of the patients had known co-morbidities. RT-qPCR results show that two of the symptomatic patients had significantly higher RNA copies than the rest of the patients. Eighteen of 35 (51%) individuals were asymptomatic, the average age was 30 (range, 6-61 years. Four individuals showed a higher copy than some symptomatic patients. Nonetheless, the average of RNA copies 8.26 x10+10 was lower than the symptomatic.Conclusions: the population studied was young with an average of 43 years in symptomatic and 30 years of asymptomatic; this is important because of the high impact in the economy, and probably it is the cause of the reduced lethality observed in the department. Because a large proportion of infections probably result from transmission from asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic persons, the usefulness of public health interventions in Colombian provinces should be based in the molecular screening in a vast conglomerate's population and to quantify the viral load.
Prevalence and Outcomes of Twin Pregnancies in Botswana: a National Birth Outcomes Surveillance Study
Authors: Isaacson Arielle , Diseko Modiegi , Mayondi Gloria , Mabuta Judith , Davey Sonya , Mmalane Mompati , Makhema Joseph , Jacobson Denise , Luckett Rebecca , Shapiro Roger , Zash Rebecca 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Twin deliveries have a high risk of adverse birth outcomes, but most data comes from high-resource settings. The prevalence and outcomes of twin pregnancies in Botswana have not previously been reported.

Methods: The Tsepamo Study conducted birth outcomes surveillance at 8 hospitals (~40% of all births in Botswana) from August 2014-June 2018 and up to 18 hospitals (~70% of all births in Botswana) from July 2018-March 2019. Maternal demographics, antenatal care visits, ultrasound reports, and infant delivery characteristics (including the number of infants delivered, gestational age (GA) at delivery, birthweight, and vital status at birth and discharge) were abstracted from maternity obstetric records. Log binomial regression models were fit to determine the relative risk (RR), adjusted risk (aRR), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of adverse birth outcomes among twin compared with singleton pregnancies. Higher order multiples were excluded from analyses.

Results: Between August 2014 and March 2019, 119,477 deliveries were recorded, including 1859 (1.6%) sets of twins. Women with twin pregnancies had a similar median number of antenatal care visits (9 vs. 10), but were more likely to deliver in a tertiary center (54.8% vs. 45.1%, p<0.001) and more likely to have a C-section (54.6% vs. 22.0%, p<0.001) than women with singletons. Adverse birth outcomes were notably higher in twins than in singletons. Compared with singletons, twin pregnancies had a higher risk of preterm delivery (<37 weeks GA) (47.6% vs. 16.7%, aRR 2.8, 95% CI 2.7, 2.9) and very preterm delivery (<32 weeks) (11.8% vs. 4.0%, aRR 3.0 95% CI 2.6, 3.4). Twin pregnancies were more likely than singletons to have at least one low-birthweight (77.1% vs. 13.6%, aRR 4.5, 95% CI 4.3, 4.6) or very low-birthweight (16.8% vs. 3.2%, aRR 5.2, 95% CI 4.7, 5.8) infant. Among all twin pregnancies, 128 (6.9%) had at least one stillborn infant compared with 2845 (2.4%) stillbirths among singletons (aRR 2.8, 95% CI 2.3, 3.3).

Conclusion:
Adverse birth outcomes are common among twins in Botswana, and are often severe. Interventions that allow for earlier identification of twin gestation and improved antenatal management of twin pregnancies may improve infant and child survival.
Genome-wide Identification and Characterization of Perirenal Adipose Tissue MiRNAs in Rabbits Fed With a High-fat Diet
Authors: Wang Jie , Shao Jiahao , Li Yanhong , Elzo Mauricio A. , Jia Xianbo , Lai Songjia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous single-stranded RNA molecules that play an important role in gene regulation in animals by pairing with target gene mRNAs. However, the functions of miRNAs in the adipogenesis of obese rabbits are poorly understood.
Methods

Six small RNA libraries from rabbits under a standard normal diet (SND; n = 3) and a high-fat diet (HFD; n = 3) were constructed and sequenced. Differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified using the edgeR data analysis package from R. Software miRanda and RNAhybrid were used to predict the target genes of miRNAs. To further explore the functions of DE miRNAs, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed.
Results

A total of 69577441 clean reads were obtained from the six libraries, of which, 52 known DE miRNAs (24 up-regulated, 28 down-regulated) and 31 novel DE miRNAs (14 up-regulated, 17 down-regulated) were identified. GO enrichment analysis revealed that the DE miRNAs target genes were involved in intermediate filament cytoskeleton organization, intermediate filament-based process, and alpha-tubulin binding. DE miRNAs were involved in p53 signaling, linoleic acid metabolism, and other adipogenesis-related KEGG pathways.
Conclusions

Our study further elucidates the possible functions of DE miRNAs in rabbit adipogenesis, contributing to the understanding of rabbit obesity.
Metastasis to The Submandibular Gland In Patients Presenting With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ahmed Shaheen , Salim Zohra , Shaikh Abdul hafeez , Iqbal Syeda Noureen , Ali Anwar 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background:Approximately one third of patients undergoing neck dissection procedure that includes gland resection experience xerostomia, particularly nocturnal xerostomia. Metastasis to level 1b lymph nodes in patients presenting with OSCC is considered frequent, however, submandibular gland invasion is rare and preservation of the gland offers multiple benefits. Objective:The objective is to study the prevalence of submandibular gland involvement in patients presenting with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods:It’s a cross sectional analytical study consisting of 90 patients presenting with biopsy proven OSCC. All patients presenting to centers of Dow university of health sciences are included in the study. Data entry and analysis was carried out on SPSS version 21. Results are expressed in frequencies and percentages. Chi squared test was applied to analyze the relationship between submandibular gland involvement and patient’s sociodemographic and tumor related variables. Results:A total of 90 participants were a part of the study. 71.1% were male whereas 28.9% were female. The median age is 48. The most common tumor site among our patients is buccal mucosa (63.3%). The depth of invasion ranged from 0.2cm to 5cm (median 0.95cm) with round 55.6% patients presenting with depth of invasion <1cm. Majority of the patients (48.9%) presented with stage IVa (AJCC). 71.1% had level 1b negative nodes, whereas 28.9% patients demonstrated positive level 1b nodes. 50% of the patients presented with stage IVa. Number of patients with submandibular gland involvement were 5. Conclusion:Based on the results of our study, due to rare involvement of submandibular gland, it should be persevered wherever possible and decision to preserve should be based on determinants, such as, primary tumor site, level 1b involvement and depth of invasion.
Asymptomatic COVID-19 Patient, Occurrence of Fatal Pulmonary Arterial Thrombosis.
Authors: Nonno Franca Del , Colombo Daniele , Nardacci Roberta , Falasca Laura 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The induction of hypercoagulability is one of the pathophysiological mechanism in patients with a severe presentation of the SARS-CoV-2 infection that can contribute to death. A considerable number of SARS-Cov-2 infected individuals could be asymptomatic and they don’t need medical treatment. We reported autoptic evidences of COVID-19 trombotic fatal lesions in a asymptomatic COVID-19 patient after negative conversion.This study provides evidences that an appropriate diagnostic screening for thrombotic complications and the early treatment recommendations of antithrombotic drugs could represent an important topic even in asymptomatic individuals.
Stem-like cells from Cancer of Unknown Primary are endowed with distinctive hypermetastatic properties and unveil liability to MEK inhibition
Authors: Verginelli Federica , Pisacane Alberto , Gambardella Gennaro , D'Ambrosio Antonio , Ferrio Marco , Panero Mara , Casorzo Laura , Benvenuti Silvia , Senetta Rebecca , Geuna Elena , Ballabio Andrea , Montemurro Filippo , Sapino Anna , Comoglio Paolo , Boccaccio Carla 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Cancers of Unknown Primary (CUPs), featuring metastatic dissemination in the absence of a primary tumor, are a biological enigma and a fatal disease. We propose that CUPs are a distinct, yet unrecognized, pathological entity originating from stem-like cells endowed with unique properties. These cells can be isolated in vitro (agnospheres) and propagated in vivo by serial transplantation, displaying exceptionally high tumorigenicity. After subcutaneous engraftment, agnospheres recapitulated the CUP phenotype, by showing the ability to spontaneously and quickly disseminate, and form widespread established metastases. Regardless of different genetic backgrounds, agnospheres invariably displayed cell-autonomous proliferation and self-renewal, mostly relying on unrestrained activation of the MAP kinase/MYC axis, which confers sensitivity to MEK inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Such sensitivity is associated with a transcriptomic signature predicting that 75% of CUP patients could be eligible to MEK inhibition. These data shed light on CUP biology and unveil an opportunity for therapeutic intervention.
Conversion From Chronic to Episodic Migraine in Patients Treated With Erenumab: Real-life Data From an Italian Region
Authors: Ornello Raffaele , Casalena Alfonsina , Frattale Ilaria , Caponnetto Valeria , Gabriele Amleto , Affaitati Giannapia , Giamberardino Maria Adele , Assetta Maurizio , Maddestra Maurizio , Marzoli Fabio , Viola Stefano , Cerone Davide , Marini Carmine , Pistoia Francesca , Sacco Simona 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMost patients treated with erenumab in clinical practice have chronic migraine (CM). We assessed the rate and possible predictors of conversion from CM to episodic migraine (EM) in a real-life study.Main bodyWe performed a subgroup analysis of patients treated with erenumab from January 2019 to February 2020 in the Abruzzo region, central Italy. Treatment was provided according to current clinical practice. For the purpose of the present study, we included patients fulfilling the definition of CM for the three months preceding erenumab treatment and with at least 6 months of follow-up after treatment. We assessed the rate of conversion to EM from baseline to Months 4–6 of treatment and during each month of treatment. To test the clinical validity of conversion to EM, we also assessed the decrease in monthly headache days (MHDs), acute medication days, and median headache intensity on a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). We included in our study 91 patients with CM. At Months 4–6, 62 patients (68.1%) converted from CM to EM; the proportion of converters increased from Month 1 to Month 5. In the overall group of patients, median MHDs decreased from 26.5 (IQR 20–30) to 7.5 (IQR 5–16; P < 0.001) compared with baseline, while median acute medication days decreased from 21 (IQR 16–30) to 6 (IQR 3–10; P < 0.001) and median NRS scores decreased from 8 (IQR 7–9) to 6 (IQR 4–7; P < 0.001). Significant decreases were found both in converters and in non-converters. We found no significant predictors of conversion to EM among the patients’ baseline characteristics.ConclusionsIn our study, two thirds of patients with CM converted to EM during 6 months of treatment with erenumab. MHDs, acute medication use, and headache intensity decreased regardless of conversion from CM to EM.
Gemini Surfactant Abetted Synthesis Of Mesoporous Mn/Mg Bimetal Doped TiO2 Nanomaterial: Characterization And Photocatalytic Activity Studies Under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Miditana Sankara Rao , Tirukkovalluri Siva Rao , Raju Imandi Manga , Alim Shaik Abdul , Jaishree Genji , Chippada M.L.V. Prasanna 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
﻿The present work mainly aimed to synthesize different weight percentages (0.25 Wt% - 1.00 Wt%) of Manganese (Mn2+) and Magnesium (Mg2+) bimetal ions doped TiO2 nanomarerial assisted with different weight percentages (5 Wt% - 15 Wt%) of Gemini Surfactant (GS) using sol-gel method. The bimetal doped and undoped TiO2 photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, FT-IR, UV Vis-DRS, TEM, BET and PL. Characterization results evinced that Mn2+/Mg2+ bimetal ions doping and encapsulation of GS on TiO2 nanoparticles promote the formation of mesoporous multi-particle anatase TiO2 nanocatalysts with narrowed band gap, less particle size and high surface area. The surface elemental composition of the MMT5-GS2 (after calcination) revealed the presence of both the metal dopants Mn2+ and Mg2+ along with the Ti and O and their chemical interactions were further confirmed by FT-IR results. The photocatalytic activity of these catalysts was assessed by the degradation of Methyl Red (MR) using visible light irradiation. To understand the effect of different reaction parameters on the photocatalytic activity of the nanocatalysts such as the dopant concentration, GS concentration, catalyst dosage, solution pH and initial dye concentrations were investigated and optimized to achieve best performance. The photoluminescence results conclude that OH radicals are the crucial reactive species responsible for oxidative photocatalytic degradation of MR.
Osteopontin as a novel biomarker for the prognosis and clinical pathology of prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Anze , Xie Kai , Xing Changsheng , Qin Qilin , Liu Longfei , Zu Xiongbing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Evaluation of the feasibility for osteopontin (OPN) to serve as a biomarker in the prognosis and clinical pathological features of prostate cancer patients.Methods The original publications related to osteopontin and prostate cancer were comprehensively searched in the online databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Medline, Wanfang database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure up to August 2019. Results were analyzed by software Revman 5.3 and Stata 12.0.Results A total of 21 studies were included in the analysis and the result showed that the positive OPN expression group had a lower overall survival than the negative expression group (univariate: HR = 2.32, 95%CI [1.74, 3.10], multivariate: HR = 2.41, 95%CI [1.63, 3.57]) and a lower biochemical relapse-free survival than the negative group (univariate: HR = 1.42, 95%CI [0.92, 2.17], multivariate: HR = 1.61, 95%CI [1.39, 1.87]). In addition, there was a higher expression level of OPN in prostate cancer tissues than in normal prostate tissues (OR = 46.55, 95%CI [12.85, 168.59], p < 0.00001) and benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues (OR = 11.07, 95%CI [3.43, 35.75], p < 0.0001). Moreover, OPN positive expression was also related to high Gleason score (OR = 2.64, 95%CI [1.49, 4.70], p = 0.0009), high TNM stage (OR = 3.15, 95%CI [1.60, 6.20, p = 0.0009), high Whitmore-Jewett stage (OR = 2.53, 95%CI [1.06, 6.03], p = 0.04), high lymph node (OR = 3.69, 95%CI [1.88, 7.23], p = 0.0001), and distant metastasis (OR = 8.10, 95%CI [2.94, 22.35], p = 0.01). There was no difference observed in the differentiation of prostate cancer (OR = 1.79, 95%CI [0.39, 8.33], p = 0.46).Conclusion Osteopontin could be recognized as a promising novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer patients.
Modeling of tumor radiotherapy with damage and repair processes
Authors: Zhao Jiantao , Wei Xin , Tian Jianjun Paul 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Under irradiation, some cells are damaged permanently and die while some damaged cells can be self-repaired and become normal cells. The same situation happens in tumor radiotherapy. There has been several models to calculate the probability of cell survival after irradiation, and mathematical models for tumor growth to incorporate cell survival probability in radiotherapy. However, there is no detailed study about how both radiation damage process and cell repair process impact outcomes of tumor radiotherapy. This study will focus on impacts of these two processes on tumor radiotherapy.Methods: The study employs mathematical modeling. Based on established mathematical models for tumor growth and irradiation, a functional reaction diffusion system for tumor radiotherapy is proposed. The model has the tumor cell population and damaged tumor cell population, and tracks their movements in the tumor site. The model considers the repair time of damaged tumor cells as a delay parameter. Detailed analysis is conducted while numerical simulations are performed with glioma data.Results: We obtain the radiation threshold which combines the tumor growth rate, the damaged cell death rate, and damaged cell repair rate. The radiation threshold is a decreasing function of radiation dose while the radiation damage rate is a increasing function of radiation dose. The radiation damage rate and repair time determine the outcome of radiotherapy. When the radiation damage rate is greater than the radiation threshold, radiotherapy may destroy the tumor while radiotherapy may control tumor growth and the tumor load decreases as the radiation dose increases when the radiation damage rate is less than the radiation threshold. For both situations, we also observe oscillations of two cell populations occurring from Hopf bifurcations and Turing instability appearing from a large repair time of damaged tumor cells and different cell motilities.Conclusions: The damaged tumor cell repairing process increases the radiation threshold and complicates outcomes of radiotherapy. The medical implication of our results is that radiotherapy may control the tumor growth and the radiation dose can reduce the total tumor load when the damage rate is greater than the radiation threshold, and otherwise, radiotherapy may kill the tumor and the amount of the does not matter.
Flexible and High-Performance Electrochromic Devices Enabled by Self-Assembled 2D TiO2/MXene Heterostructures
Authors: Li Ran , Ma Xiaoyuan , Li Jianmin , Cao Jun , Gao Hongze , Li Tianshu , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Lichao , Zhang Qinghong , Wang Gang , Hou Chengyi , Li Yaogang , Palacios Tomas , Lin Yuxuan , Wang Hongzhi , Ling Xi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Transition metal oxides (TMO) are promising electrochromic (EC) materials for applications such as smart windows and displays, yet challenge still exists to achieve good flexibility, high coloration efficiency and fast response simultaneously. MXenes (e.g. Ti3C2Tx) and their derived TMOs (e.g. 2D TiO2) are good candidates for high-performance and flexible EC devices because of their 2D nature and the possibility of assembling them into loosely networked structures. Here we demonstrate flexible, fast, and high-coloration-efficiency EC devices based on self-assembled 2D TiO2/Ti3C2Tx heterostructures, with the Ti3C2Tx layer as the transparent electrode, and the 2D TiO2 layer as the EC layer. Benefiting from the well-balanced porosity and connectivity of these assembled nanometer-thick heterostructures, they present fast and efficient ion and electron transport, as well as superior mechanical and electrochemical stability. We further demonstrate large-area flexible devices which could potentially be integrated onto curved and flexible surfaces for future ubiquitous electronics.
Dithienylethene metallodendrimers with high photochromic efficiency
Authors: Wang Yu-Xuan , Zhou Qi-Feng , Xu Lin , He Xiaoxiao , Zhang Ying , Tan Hongwei , Xu Jianhua , Shi Xueliang , Wang Wei , Luo Xiping , Chen Jinquan , Yang Hai-Bo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
It has been extremely challenging to achieve multi-photochromic systems with-out affecting the individual photoswitching properties of the constituent units. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of a new family of platinum-acetylide dendrimers containing up to twenty-one photochromic dithienylethene (DTE) units that exhibit both high photochromic efficiency and individual switch-ing properties. Upon irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) and visible (Vis) light, the resultant metallodendrimers display high conversion yield and excellent fatigue resistance. More interestingly, cyclization-cycloreversion kinetics revealed that the photochromic property of each DTE unit in these metallodendrimers is unaf-fected by its neighbor and the full ring-closure of up to twenty-one DTE units in one single dendrimer has been achieved.
A heterogeneous subcontinental mantle under the African-Arabian plate boundary revealed by boron and radiogenic isotopes
Authors: Agostini Samuele , Giuseppe Paolo Di , Manetti Piero , Doglioni Carlo , Conticelli Sandro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The north and northwest margins of the Arabian plate are locus of a diffuse and long-lasting (early Miocene to Pleistocene) Na-alkali basaltic volcanism, sourced in the asthenosphere mantle. The occurrence and 20-Ma persistence of magma supply under the study area is explained considering that upwelling asthenosphere produces very limited magma volumes in the axial zone and portions of hot, fertile mantle continue their eastward migration and are stored at shallower depths under the 100-km thick Arabian lithosphere, which is much thinner than the African one (≈175 km). Erupted basalts sampled a continuous variation of the mantle source, with a striking correlation among potential temperature, pressure and isotopic composition shifting between two end members: a 140 km-deep, more depleted source, and a 100 km-deep, more enriched one. In particular, we observed an unusual variation in boron isotopes, which in theory should not vary between more depleted and more enriched domains. This study shows that subcontinental mantle is more heterogeneous than the suboceanic one, and able to record for very long times recycling of shallow material.