bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experience of implementing the water chemistry treatment on the gas-turbine power plant using the AMINAT reagents
Authors: Guseva O V , Butakova M V , Gubin D V , Orlov K A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Implementation of the program of import substitution considered on the example of pilot tests (PT) of reagents produced by NPF Travers LLC. The existing water chemistry of steam boilers and heat recovery steam boilers of RN-Tuapsinsky Oil Refinery LLC gas-turbine power plant is organized with the use of complex reagent Helamin BWR-150H. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of complex reagents for the organization of water chemistry, it was proposed to conduct PT of reagents AMINAT KO-4 based on a mixture of polyphosphates to prevent scale formation on heat transfer surfaces and AMINAT PK-2 based on mixtures of neutralizing amines to prevent carbon dioxide corrosion. The article presents the results of the PT, which showed that the correctional water chemistry of boilers using reagents AMINAT ensured the maintenance of the regulatory requirements of the regime maps of the equipment, as well as minimizing the processes of corrosion, scale formation and sludge formation during the entire period of work. Based on the results obtained, conclusions were drawn on the technical and economic feasibility of using these reagents.
Comparative analysis of the possibility to reduce vibration transmission through a pipeline compensator by suppressing dynamic forces and pressure pulsations by active methods
Authors: Kiryukhin A V , Loshkareva E A , Kondratev A V , Korljakova M O , Miloserdov V O 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The results of experimental studies of joint two-channel active suppression of pressure surges and vibrations of the working medium to reduce vibration transfer through pipeline compensators of power plants with liquid are considered. No data is available in academic periodicals on the use of active methods to solve this problem. The test bench design with excitation and active damping systems of vibrations and pressure surges is given. Efficiency of more than 15 dB from the use of broadband active systems for damping vibration forces transmitted through the compensator and pressure surges of the working medium inside it, both working separately and together in the frequency range from 10 to 275 Hz has been experimentally obtained. In the narrower frequency ranges from 10 to 350 Hz, active damping up to 25 dB has been obtained.
Development of Internet algorithms and some calculations of power plant COP
Authors: Ustjuzhanin E E , Ochkov V F , Znamensky V E , Tun A T Y , Shishakov V V 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The authors have analyzed Internet resources containing information on some thermodynamic properties of technically important substances (water, air, etc.). Here, we consider the databases that possess such resources and are located in the following organizations: Joint Institute for High Temperatures (Russian Academy of Sciences), Standartinform (Russia), National Institute of Standards and Technology (USA), Institute of Thermophysics (Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences), etc. Currently, a typical form is an Internet resource that includes a text file, for example, it is a file containing tabulated properties, R = (ρ, s, h...), here ρ is the density, s is the entropy, h is the enthalpy of a substance. A small number of Internet resources, which have the following characteristic, are known. Every resource allows a customer to realize a number of options, for example: i) to enter the input data, Y = (p, T), here p is the pressure, T is the temperature, ii) to calculate R property using “an exe-file” program, iii) to copy the result X = (p, T, ρ, h, s, …). Recently, some researchers (including the authors of this report) have requested a software (SW) that is designed for R property calculations and has a form of an open interactive (OS) Internet resource (“a client function”, “template”). A computing part of OS-resource is linked: 1) with a formula, which is applied to calculate R property, 2) with a Mathcad program, Code_1(R,Y). An interactive part of OS-resource is based on Informatics and Internet technologies. We have proposed some methods and tools those are related to this part and let us: a) to post OS-resource on a remote server, b) to link a client PC with the remote server, c) to implement a number of options to clients. Among these options, there are: i) to calculate R property at given Y arguments, ii) to copy mathematical formulas, iii) to copy Code_1(R,Y) as a whole. We have developed some OS-resources that are focused on sharing: a) SW that is used to design power plants, for an example,Code - GTP_1(Z,R,Y) and b) client functions, aimed at determination of the R properties of the working fluid at fixed points of the thermodynamic cycle. The program let us calculate energy criteria, Z, including the internal coefficient of performance (COP) for a power plant. We have discussed OS-resources, among them OS-resource that includes Code - GTP_1(Z,R,Y) and connected with a complex power plant included: i) several gas turbines, i) several compressors etc.
Numerical Investigations on Latent Heat Storage Unit using Phase Change Material
Authors: Amer A E , Lebedev V A 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Many renewable energy sources are not available at any time in nature so the development of energy storage technologies is very important to conserve the available energy and improve its utilization. Thermal energy storage by using Phase Change Materials (PCM) is considered one of the promising technology to store thermal energy. The numerical study of the shell and tube storage unit is carried out. Paraffin wax was filled in the shell side and the Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) flowed inside the tube. The validation among numerical and experimental results was conducted. It is found that the effect of natural convection is important and should be taken to perform the model of the heat storage unit.
Mathematical modelling of the agglomeration in a reactive porous medium with variable permeability
Authors: Donskoy I G 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
When processing low-grade fuels, such as waste and biomass, the problems associated with bed agglomeration often arise. In this work, one of the variants of the agglomeration model is proposed, in which local permeability decreases as a result of the physicochemical process caused by heating, and the agglomeration centers (particles of the melting material) are randomly distributed in a two-dimensional porous medium. A relatively simple model allows the study of the development of thermohydrodynamic inhomogeneities in the fixed granular bed and evaluation of its hydraulic resistance at different fractions of melting material.
Experimental study of Partially Premixed-Diffusion Turbulent Flame with Circular Plate Bluff Body
Authors: Handawy M Koraiem , Hegazy A A , Koura N S , Dahab O M 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This Study presents a parametric study on flame stabilization of partially premixed-diffusion turbulent flame behind the circular bluff body. The effects of the premixing and equivalence fuel ratios on flame temperature distribution and emission variation along the flame axis are investigated. The results indicate that as the premixing ratio increases the residence time and the recirculation zone length increase while the flame length decreases. The axial temperature distribution enhancements at the recirculation zone, and then a decrease towards the flame tip. As the premixed ratio increases the flame average temperature increase while emission measurements indicate a decrease in CO concentration with a slight increase in NOX production along the flame axis.
Biocompatible exosomes nanodrug cargo for cancer cell bioimaging and drug delivery
Authors: Qambrani Aqsa , Rehman Fawad Ur , Tanziela Tanziela , Shaikh Sana , Semcheddine Farouk , Du Tianyu , Liu Weiwei , Jiang Hui , Wang Xuemei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTherapy against cancer remains a daunting issue for human health, despite remarkable innovations in many areas of pathology.In situbiosynthesized nanoclusters bestow a novel remedy for carcinogenic cell imaging. Exosomes have received special attention as an efficient tool for the diagnosis of various diseases, including cancers. All types of cells (healthy or diseased) generate exosomes, making them significantly unique for relevant disease diagnosis and treatment. In this contribution, we exploit the possibility of utilizing the exosomes to facilitate chemotherapeutics, viz. the combination of doxorubicin (Dox) and biosynthesized silver nanoclusters in cancer cells. Our study showed a new facile way for bioimaging of cancer cells using biosynthesized silver-DNA nanoclusters, and thus further targeting cancer cells using the relevant cancer exosomes as drug delivery cargo. After isolating exosomes from neoplastic cells, i.e. HeLa, loaded with the drug, and treating other neoplastic cells with cargo-loaded isolated exosomes, we found that cargo-loaded isolated exosomes can readily enter into the targeted cancer cells and efficiently kill these neoplastic cells. This raises the possibility of acting as a novel facile modality for target cancer theranostics with high efficiency and biocompability.
A new perspective on the spatial, temporal, and vertical distribution of biomass burning: quantifying a significant increase in CO emissions
Authors: Lin Chuyong , Cohen Jason Blake , Wang Shuo , Lan Ruoyu , Deng Weizhi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
A variance-maximization approach based on 19 years of weekly measurements of pollution in the troposphere carbon monoxide (CO) measurements quantifies the spatial-temporal distribution of global biomass burning. Seven regions consistent with existing datasets are discovered and shown to burn for longer, over a more widespread area. Each region has a unique and recurring burning season, with three dominated by inter- and intra-annual variation. The CO is primarily lofted to the free troposphere from where it spreads downwind at 800 to 700 mb with three exceptions: The Maritime Continent and South America where there is spread at 300 mb consistent with deep- and pyro-convection; and Southern Africa which reaches to 600 mb. The total mass of CO lofted into the free troposphere ranges from 46% over Central Africa to 92% over Australia. The global, annual emissions made using two different techniques lead to an increase of biomass burning CO emissions of 47TgCO/year and 99TgCO/year respectively. The larger increase is mainly due to two factors: first, a large amount of the emissions is lofted rapidly upwards over the biomass burning region and subsequently transported downwind, therefore not appearing near the biomass source in space and time and second, an increase in inter-annual variability. Consistently, there is an increase in variability year-to-year and during peak events, from which 35% to more than 80% of the total emissions is lofted into the free troposphere. The results demonstrate a significantly higher CO emission from biomass burning, a larger impact on the global atmospheric composition, and likely impacts on atmospheric chemistry and climate change.
Preliminary Research of Synthesizing Battery Grade Nickel Sulphate from Dissolution of Nickel Matte in Dilute Sulphuric Acid
Authors: Andayani Sih Wuri , Qizwini Alfiz Muhammad , Wibowo Harry Setyo , Arsyansyah Muhamad 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Nickel matte is a smelter product of Indonesia mining, and it was produced from laterit ores by pyrometallurgy. The nickel matte composition is about 77% Ni, 1% Co and 0.3% Fe. This study is involving with synthesizing nickel sulphate by dissolution of nickel matte in sulphuric acid. The dissolution condition was varied by sulphuric acid grade, temperature and time of process. The dissolution process will be more effective in higher temperature and longer process time, with additional mangan oxide as catalyst. The efficiency process was observed from the filtrate, residue and nickel sulphate. The filtrate was evaluated by using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer, and residue/nickel sulphate were analysed by XRD. The more efficient process of nickel dissolution was observed at 95 °C for 3 hours, with the conversion rate about 55% - 60%. There was no difference result between sulphuric acid technical grade and pure analytic grade. After dissolution process, the synthesizing was using co-precipitation method in varied pH and alcohol/oxalic acid. The characterization of nickel suphate has been carried out by X-ray Diffraction. The most effective of synthesizing of nickel sulphate is adjusting the pH above 5. The product of nickel sulphate will be used a precursor material for lithium battery cathode materials.
The Influence of the Pitch to Diameter Ratio (P/D) on a Novel Tidal Turbine Performance
Authors: Rosli Roslynna , Norman Rosemary , Atlar Mehmet 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) offers numerical modeling investigating the performance that can be used other than or in tandem with experimental investigation. In order to offer meaningful results, the grid sensitivity test or Grid Convergence Index are usually carried out to ensure the solutions converging. This paper presents both grid sensitivity test results and the GCI calculation of a same numerical model exercised to investigate the performance of a tidal turbine, the Hydro-Spinna, with different P/D ratio. The CGI calculation presented the fine grid relative error to be 2.34% for the power coefficient and 2.28% for the thrust coefficient at their optimal TSR respectively. It was found that turbine with lowest P/D ratio has the highest power and thrust coefficient as well as TSR operational range. The turbine with P/D = 0.43 gives a power coefficient of 0.32 at the optimal TSR of 2.25.
Fe-doped Co-N/C as effective electrocatalyst for oxygen reaction
Authors: Lin Qin , Shang Chaoqun , Chen Zhihong , Akinoglu Eser Metin , Wang Xin , Zhou Guofu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The development of cost-effective bifunctional electrocatalysts for metal-air batteries with high electrocatalytic activity and stability is crucial for the conversion of clean and renewable energy. In this work, Fe doped nitrogen-enriched porous carbon derived from ZIF-67 was synthesized via a simple ligand exchange reaction with subsequent calcination and acid leaching treatment. The catalysts pyrolysis at 700 °C (CoFe@NC-700) exhibited high electrocatalytic activity and superior stability toward oxygen reaction. Larger surface area and abundant mesopores structure are advantageous for charge transportation and exposure of active sites. More importantly, the synergistic effect of Co–N and Fe–N active sites and the increased number of active sites by modulating the local electronic structure further enhance the electrocatalytic performance of the as-prepared CoFe@NC-700.
Spanish subsistence wages and the Little Divergence in Europe, 1500–1800
Authors: Losa Ernesto López , Zarauz Santiago Piquero 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper suggests an alternative view of Europe’s Little Divergence in real wages. It presents a new dataset of prices and wages for Spain and proposes a new way of measuring the cost of bare-bones subsistence. The substitution of brown-bread prices for grain prices in the baskets transforms the scale and chronology of the divergence between North-western Europe and Spain. The results show that it began later and that unskilled subsistence wages in London and Amsterdam were significantly lower than those calculated by the canonical model, which would nuance the “high-wage” hypothesis.
Dirty float or clean intervention? The Bank of England in the foreign exchange market
Authors: Naef Alain 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The effectiveness of central bank intervention is debated and despite literature showing mixed results, central banks regularly intervene in the foreign exchange market, both in developing and developed economies. Does foreign exchange intervention work? Using over 60,000 new daily observations on intervention and exchange rates, this paper is the first to study the Bank of England's foreign exchange intervention between 1952 and 1972. The main finding is that the Bank was unsuccessful in managing a credible exchange rate over that period. Running an event study, I demonstrate that betting systematically against the Bank of England would have been a profitable trading strategy. Pressures increased in the 1960s and the Bank eventually manipulated the publication of its reserve figures to avoid a run on sterling.
Effect of icosapent ethyl on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with elevated triglycerides on statin therapy: final results of the EVAPORATE trial
Authors: Budoff Matthew J , Bhatt Deepak L , Kinninger April , Lakshmanan Suvasini , Muhlestein Joseph B , Le Viet T , May Heidi T , Shaikh Kashif , Shekar Chandana , Roy Sion K , Tayek John , Nelson John R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Aims
Despite the effects of statins in reducing cardiovascular events and slowing progression of coronary atherosclerosis, significant cardiovascular (CV) risk remains. Icosapent ethyl (IPE), a highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester, added to a statin was shown to reduce initial CV events by 25% and total CV events by 32% in the REDUCE-IT trial, with the mechanisms of benefit not yet fully explained. The EVAPORATE trial sought to determine whether IPE 4 g/day, as an adjunct to diet and statin therapy, would result in a greater change from baseline in plaque volume, measured by serial multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), than placebo in statin-treated patients.

Methods and results
A total of 80 patients were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients had to have coronary atherosclerosis as documented by MDCT (one or more angiographic stenoses with ≥20% narrowing), be on statin therapy, and have persistently elevated triglyceride (TG) levels. Patients underwent an interim scan at 9 months and a final scan at 18 months with coronary computed tomographic angiography. The pre-specified primary endpoint was change in low-attenuation plaque (LAP) volume at 18 months between IPE and placebo groups. Baseline demographics, vitals, and laboratory results were not significantly different between the IPE and placebo groups; the median TG level was 259.1 ± 78.1 mg/dL. There was a significant reduction in the primary endpoint as IPE reduced LAP plaque volume by 17%, while in the placebo group LAP plaque volume more than doubled (+109%) (P = 0.0061). There were significant differences in rates of progression between IPE and placebo at study end involving other plaque volumes including fibrous, and fibrofatty (FF) plaque volumes which regressed in the IPE group and progressed in the placebo group (P &lt; 0.01 for all). When further adjusted for age, sex, diabetes status, hypertension, and baseline TG, plaque volume changes between groups remained significantly different, P &lt; 0.01. Only dense calcium did not show a significant difference between groups in multivariable modelling (P = 0.053).

Conclusions
Icosapent ethyl demonstrated significant regression of LAP volume on MDCT compared with placebo over 18 months. EVAPORATE provides important mechanistic data on plaque characteristics that may have relevance to the REDUCE-IT results and clinical use of IPE.
Advance in yellowing mechanism and the regulation technology of post-harvested broccoli
Authors: Luo Feng , Fang Huixin , Wei Baodong , Cheng shunchang , Zhou Qian , Zhou Xin , Zhang Xuan , Zhao Yingbo , Ji Shujuan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Yellowing is one of the main problems of quality deterioration in the storage, transportation, and sales of post-harvested broccoli, which seriously affects the commodity value of broccoli. Therefore, it is of significance to understand the mechanism of the process and develop effective regulation technology. In this review, we expounded the changes in the appearance of the flower ball, bud morphology, and calyx cell structure, as well as endogenous pigment metabolism, accompanying the yellowing process of broccoli. In addition, recent research on the molecular mechanism of yellowing was summarized from the aspects of transcriptome analysis and transcription regulation. Finally, the progress on the control technology of broccoli yellowing was reviewed.
Concurrent Liability in Contract and Intellectual Property Law: Licensing Agreements in Light of Case C-666/18 IT Development SAS
Authors: Schovsbo Jens , Riis Thomas 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
It is the starting point in some jurisdictions that if a licensing agreement has been breached, the licensor may choose to establish their claims against the licensee on the basis of either contract or intellectual property law. This article argues that such a starting point should not be upheld. Not least because of developments in EU law, the intellectual property rights (IPR) system contains special remedies and procedures, which systematically and unilaterally benefit one of the parties to a contract, viz. the rightholder (licensor). The ability to have recourse against a contractual party via IPR instead of contract law ought to be limited as far as possible, i.e. restricted to those instances where this is prescribed by law. In the recent judgment of the CJEU, C-666/18 IT Development SAS, the Court held that a copyright holder/licensor must be able to rely on the remedies and procedures of the Enforcement Directive (IPRED). Consequently, freedom of choice between contract and IPR law is guaranteed in this respect. It is notable that this judgment deals exclusively with IPRED and does not have any broader effect in relation to the basic question of choice between contract and IPR law outside of the scope of the IPRED. Therefore, freedom of choice could still be limited, and licensees shielded against the special remedies and procedures which are at rightholders’ disposal outside of the IPRED.***