bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increase of non- HBV, non- HCV related hepatocellular carcinoma -Over 20 years single institution study-
Authors: Nagaoki Yuko , Hyogo Hideyuki , Ando Yuwa , Kosaka Yumi , Uchikawa Shinsuke , Nishida Yuno , Teraoka Yuji , Morio Kei , Fujino Hatsue , Ono Atsushi , Nakahara Takashi , Murakami Eisuke , Yamauchi Masami , Okamoto Wataru , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Tsuge Masataka , Hiramatsu Akira , Miki Daiki , Imamura Michio , Takahashi Shoichi , Chayama Kazuaki , Aikata Hiroshi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: We previously reported the trends of etiologies of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) between 1995 and 2009. By updating this study, we aimed to evaluate the incidence of HCC with non- hepatitis B viral and non- hepatitis C viral (NBNC) etiologies and explore the clinical characteristics, also.Methods: Consecutive 2171 HCC patients at our institution were enrolled between 1992 and 2018 in this retrospective cohort study. A comparative study was conducted by dividing into two groups, an early group from 1992 to 2009 and a late group from 2010 to 2018.Results: NBNC-HCC account for 514 patients (23.6%). The proportion of NBNC-HCC has continued to increase from 26.5% in 2009 to 46.3% in 2018. NBNC-HCC were getting older (median ages, 67 to 73 years). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (48.5% to 60.3%: P=0.008), hypertension (48.5% to 57.4%: P=0.047), and hyperlipidemia (39.2% to 53.8%: P=0.001) has increased significantly in recent years. The median FIB-4 index have decreased (4.37 to 3.61: P=0.026) and the median platelet counts have increased (15.1 to 17.9: P=0.013) significantly. Among 514 NBNC-HCC, 194 patients underwent hepatic resection in which 14.9%, 29.3%, and 55.8% were based on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), and cryptogenic, respectively. Cirrhosis was detected in 72.4%, 38.6%, and 15.5% of NASH, ALD and cryptogenic, respectively. The prevalence of cirrhosis in NASH were significantly higher than other groups (P<0.001), overall, 70% of the background liver of NBNC-HCC was not cirrhosis. On the other hands, the median FIB-4 index in cryptogenic HCC were 2.56 and significantly lower than other groups, FIB-4 index considered as one of useful screening of HCC.Conclusions: NBNC-HCC has rapidly been increasing in recent years even in regional university hospital. The presence of metabolic syndrome may be important risk factors. Furthermore, HCC from non-cirrhotic liver needs attention carefully. Accordingly, it is speculated that these patients should receive periodic surveillance for HCC development.
Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate Suppresses the Progression of Bladder Cancer by Modulating miR-26b/Nox4 Axis
Authors: Yuan Zhihao , Guo Guancheng , Sun Guifang , Li Qi , Wang Lihui , Qiao Baoping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate (MI), a magnesium salt of 18α-GA stereoisomer, has been reported to exert efficient hepatoprotective activity. However, its effect in bladder cancer remain unclear.Methods: The effect of MI in the growth, colony formation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of bladder cancer cells (HTB9 and BIU87 cells) was evaluated in vitro. Typical apoptotic changes of bladder cancer cells such as nuclear concentration and fragmentation was observed by Hoechst staining. The effect of MI in the expression of miR-26b, Nox4, NF-κB and HIF-1α was detected by qRT-PCR and western blot in vitro. Targetscan was used to predict the potential targets of miR-26b, then their interaction was determined by the luciferase reporter assay. Finally, the xenograft model of mice was established to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of MI in vivo. Results: MI significantly suppressed the proliferation, colony formation, invasion, migration and induced apoptosis of human bladder cancer cells. Nox4 was identified to be a direct target of miR-26b, and MI significantly increased the expression of miR-26b. MiR-26b mimics significantly decreased the relative luciferase activity of wild type (WT) Nox4, while exhibited no obvious change in mutant type (MUT) Nox4. Meanwhile, MI markedly downregulated the expression of Nox4, NF-κB and HIF-1α both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, MI could efficiently inhibit the growth of xenograft tumor in vivo, and also obviously decreased the expression of Nox4, NF-κB and HIF-1α. Conclusion: In summary, MI showed a potent anti-tumor effect against bladder cancer partially through modulating miR-26b/Nox4 axis.
Association Between Appropriate Complementary Feeding and Anthropometric Measures Among Infants and Young Children in Malawi using Cross-Sectional Data: A Propensity Score Matching Approach
Authors: Twabi Halima Sumayya , Manda Samuel O , Small Dylan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Inappropriate feeding practices among infants and young children are adversely associated with their growth and development. This study aimed to investigate the causal association between appropriate complementary feeding and child growth among children aged 6 to 23 months in Malawi using propensity score matching.Methods: Data on 4722 children aged 6 to 23 months from the 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) were analysed. Distribution of confounder variables on children who were not on appropriate complementary feeding were made similar to those who were on appropriate complementary feeding using a 1:1 nearest neighbour matching within a calliper region of 0.1. Matching was evaluated based on the average standardised absolute mean diﬀerences and covariate speciﬁc p-values after matching. The eﬀect of appropriate complementary feeding was estimated based on the matched sample. A sensitivity analysis was done to assess the eﬀect of unmeasured confounders on the estimates.Results: The prevalence of stunting was at 28% (95% CI:27%,29%), wasting was at 3.3%(95% CI:2.5%,4.1%) and underweight was at 13.6%(95% CI:12.1%,15%). Of the 4772 children, 16.7% (95% CI:15.6, 17.8) were given appropriate complementary feeding. A majority (81.8%) of the children were initiated to complementary feeding after 6 months of age. Appropriate complementary feeding was associated with reduced stunting (OR=0.5, 95% CI:0.3,0.9) among the children but did not have an eﬀect on wasting and underweight.Conclusion: The study has found that appropriate complementary feeding led to less stunting among children aged 6-23 months in Malawi. The use of statistical techniques such as propensity score matching to balance confounder variables could be useful to reduce bias in the estimation of exposure comparative eﬀectiveness from observational studies. We recommend optimal feeding for young children, especially in resource-limited settings.
A Bioinspired Stretchable Sensory-Neuromorphic System
Authors: Kim Sun Hong , Baek Geun Woo , Yoon Jiyong , Seo Seunghwan , Hahm Donghyo , Chang Jun Hyuk , Seong Duhwan , Seo Hyunseon , Oh Seyong , Kim Kyunghwan , Jung Heeyoung , Oh Youngsu , Baac Hyoung Won , Alimkhanuly Batyrbek , Bae Wan Ki , Lee Seunghyun , Kwak Jeonghun , Park Jin-Hong , Son Donghee 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Conventional stretchable electronics entailing the adoption of a wavy design, a neutral mechanical plane, and a conformal contact between abiotic and biotic interfaces have shown diverse skin-interfaced applications. Despite such remarkable progress, there have been challenged to be evolved to intelligent skin prosthetics due to the absence of the monolithic integration of neuromorphic constituents into individual sensing and actuating components. Herein, we demonstrate a golden tortoise beetle-inspired stretchable sensory-neuromorphic system comprising an artificial mechanoreceptor, an artificial synapse, and an epidermal photonic actuator as three biomimetic functionalities that correspond to a stretchable capacitive pressure sensor, a resistive random-access memory, and a quantum dot light-emitting diode, respectively. This system features a rigid-island structure interconnected with a sinter-free printable conductor (stretchability ~ 160%, conductivity ~ 18,550 S/cm), which allows one to improve both areal density and structural reliability while avoiding the thermal degradation of heat-sensitive stretchable electronic components. Moreover, even in the skin deformation range, the system accurately recognizes various patterned stimuli via an artificial neural network with training/inferencing functions. Our new bioinspired system is therefore expected to be an important step toward the implementation of intelligent wearable electronics.
Computational Phenotyping of Obstructive Airway Diseases: Protocol for A Systematic Review
Authors: Bashir Muwada , Basna Rani , Zhang Guo-Qiang , Beckman Helena , Lindberg Anne , Ekerljung Linda , Axelsson Malin , Hedman Linnea , Vanfleteren Lowie , Lundbäck Bo , Rönmark Eva , Nuwaru Bright I. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Over the last decade, computational sciences have contributed immensely to characterization of phenotypes of airway diseases, but it is difficult to compare derived phenotypes across studies, perhaps as a result of the different decisions that fed into these phenotyping exercises. We aim to perform a systematic review of studies using computational approaches to phenotype obstructive airway diseases in children and adults.Methods and analysis: We will search PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google scholar for papers published between 2010 and 2020. Conferences proceedings, reference list of included papers, and experts will form additional sources of literature. Two reviewers will independently screen the retrieved studies for eligibility, extract relevant data, and perform quality appraisal of included studies. A third reviewer will arbitrate any disagreements in these processes. Quality appraisal of the studies will be undertaken using the Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool. We will use summary tables to describe the included studies. We will narratively synthesize the generated evidence, providing critical assessment of the populations, variables, and computational approaches used in deriving the phenotypes across studiesConclusion: As progress continues to be made in the area of computational phenotyping of chronic obstructive airway diseases, this systematic review, the first on this topic, will provide the state-of-the-art on the field and highlight important perspectives for future works.Ethics and dissemination: No ethical approval is needed for this work is based only on the published literature and does not involve collection of any primary or human data.Registration: The protocol of this the review process is registered in PROSPERO with the number: CRD42020164898.
Factors associated with psychological distress, fear and coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Aziz , Hoque Nazmul , Alif Sheikh M , Salehin Masudus , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Banik Biswajit , Sharif Ahmed , Nazim Nashrin Binte , Sultana Farhana , Cross Wendy 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the personal, professional and social life of Australians with some people more impacted than others. Objectives: This study aimed to identify factors associated with psychological distress, fear and coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among residents in Australia, including patients, frontline health and other essential service workers, and community members during June 2020. Psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10); level of fear was assessed using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S); and coping strategies were assessed using the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the extent of psychological distress, level of fear and coping strategies while adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Among 587 participants, the majority (391, 73.2%) were 30-59 years old and female (363, 61.8%). More than half (349, 59.5%) were born outside Australia and two-third (418, 71.5%) completed at least a Bachelor’s degree. The majority (401, 71.5%) had a source of income, 243 (42.3%) self-identified as a frontline worker, and 335 (58.9%) reported financial impact due to COVID-19. Comorbidities such as pre-existing mental health conditions (AOR 3.13, 95% CIs 1.12-8.75), increased smoking (8.66, 1.08-69.1) and alcohol drinking (2.39, 1.05-5.47) over the last four weeks, high levels of fear (2.93, 1.83-4.67) and being female (1.74, 1.15-2.65) were associated with higher levels of psychological distress. Perceived distress due to change of employment status (4.14, 1.39-12.4), alcohol drinking (3.64, 1.54-8.58), providing care to known or suspected cases (3.64, 1.54-8.58), being female (1.56, 1.00-2.45), being 30-59 years old (2.29, 1.21-4.35) and having medium to high levels of psychological distress (2.90, 1.82-5.62) were associated with a higher level of fear; while healthcare service use in the last four weeks was associated with medium to high resilience. Conclusions: This study identified individuals who were at higher risk of distress and fear during the COVID-19 pandemic specifically in the State of Victoria, Australia. Specific interventions to support the mental wellbeing of these individuals should be considered in addition to the existing resources within primary healthcare settings.
The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior on The Performance on Pap Smear Test&nbsp;Screening in Iranian Women
Authors: Sarvestani Maryam Heidari , moradi zahra , Jeihooni Ali Khani , Dehghan Azizollah 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer and the fifth deadly cancer among women in Iran. Educational interventions based on proper behavior promoting models can lead to early diagnosis of cervical cancer. The theory of planned behavior pays attention to social factors and motivation for following the significant others. The aim of this study was to determine the factors related to performing regular Pap smear test based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) among the females living in Fasa, Iran.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 700 participants. Then the educational intervention based on the results of cross-sectional study was conducted in form of a workshop for 50 women as the intervention group, and 50 women were considered as the control group. After all, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software and were analyzed via logistic regressions analysis, paired t-test, independent t-test, chi-square test, and McNemar test.Result: According to the results, 45.7% of the patients had a history of undergoing a Pap smear test, and 20.7% of them performed this test regularly. The knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control were the predictors of intention and behavior of Pap smear test among the women (P<0.05). These components accounted for 57.4% and 31.6% of the intention and behavior variance, respectively. After the intervention, a significant increase was observed in the mean scores of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control in the intervention group compared to the control group. The results revealed no significant difference between the two groups concerning the behavioral intention (p=0.41) and performance of the Pap smear test (p=0.583). The number of the participants who had undergone the Pap smear test increased from 10 to 26 in the intervention group three months after the intervention. The results of McNemar test indicated that this difference was statistically significant.Conclusion: The results indicated an increase in the women’s performance of the Pap smear screening test by appropriate planning, provision of educational packages based on the women’s needs, and using effective subjective norms.This clinical trial is registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20160830029608N3).
The Role of Protein Kinase Activators and ZFN in Reducing the Harmful Effects of Total Body Irradiation
Authors: alahmd hana ahmd , madi sawsan , ekhtiar adnan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveAIDS patients are predisposed to develop certain tumors. Radiation therapy is one of the main treatments for cancer. However, exposure to ionizing radiation leads to defects in the lymphatic system. The cells with the highest sensitivity to radiation are the T lymphocytes. We aim to investigate the effect of irradiation on the ratio of CD4 to CD8, and to oppose this effect by using Bryostatin (B) and ZFN and ART (Anti-Retroviral Therapy). So Balb/C mice aged 6-8 weeks were whole-body irradiated with 1.5 Gy of γ-rays, was then mice were treated with ZFN, Bryostatin intraperitoneally. And orally Antiviral treatment. At the end of the study, CD4/CD8 was measured by flow cytometry.Results Irradiation caused significant pathological changes that led to a clear reversal of CD4/CD8 ratio significantly within the normal radiating group. there are no significant differences in CD4/CD8 ratio between all groups treated with ZFN+ X, Z+ B+ X, ART+ X and normal group.So our study suggests the effect of Bryostatin in protecting living organs that were exposed to irradiation in mice. ZFN cuts off both BAX and BAK, and thus decreases apoptotic proteins, reducing cell death.
Cost-effectiveness of Anbainuo Plus Methotrexate Compared to Conventional Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in China
Authors: Tian Feng , Wen Zhenhua , Li Jingyang , Luo Xiaowen , Deng Li , Zhang Liang , He Jingyun , Yao Fangling , Liao Zheng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of anbainuo (ABN) plus methotrexate (MTX) versus conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARDs) in Chinese rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Methods: Ninety RA patients who underwent ABN+MTX (assigned as ABN+MTX group (N=47)) or cDMARDs (assigned as control group (N=43)) treatment were analyzed. Disease activity was assessed at baseline (M0), 3rd month (M3), 6th month (M6) and 12th month (M12) after treatment. Drug, other medical, indirect and total costs were calculated. Then pharmacoeconomic analyses were performed with the threshold of cost-effectiveness set as 3 times of the mean gross domestic product per capita in China during the study period.Results: Treatment response rate was similar, while disease remission and low disease activity rates were increased in ABN+MTX group compared to control group. Drug cost, other medical cost and total cost were higher in ABN+MTX group than control group, while indirect cost was similar between the two groups. Meanwhile, the quality-adjusted life years (QALY) in ABN+MTX group and control group were 0.72 and 0.48 years, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) of ABN+MTX group compared to control group in total patients, moderate-disease-activity patients and severe-disease-activity patients were ¥135486.7, ¥146450.4 and ¥124987.2/QALY, respectively, which were all below cost-effectiveness threshold. Further sensitivity analyses revealed that the cost-effectiveness of ABN+MTX versus cDMARDs was relative robust, while among all the indexes, ABN price and HAQ-DI score change for ABN+MTX group affected ICER most.Conclusions: ABN+MTX treatment presents acceptable cost-effectiveness compared to cDMARDs treatment in Chinese RA patients.
Adverse reactions of the copper intrauterine device and related consequences: experiences described in discussion boards
Authors: Fernaeus Maja , Molin Moa Sterner , Georgsson Susanne , Carlsson Tommy 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

The copper intrauterine device is a recommended and effective method for contraception. Recently, agencies have seen an increase in spontaneous reports of adverse reactions, and analysis of messages in discussion boards may lead to new insights. The aim was to explore experiences of adverse reactions related to the copper intrauterine device described by posters in Swedish public discussion boards.
Methods

Messages containing descriptions of client experiences were collected via Swedish public discussion boards about sexual and reproductive health, identified through searches in Google. Posters with experience of adverse reactions were included (n = 145 unique posters) and their messages were inductively analyzed with qualitative manifest content analysis.
Results

Four categories were derived from the data; physical reactions, psychological reactions, intensity of adverse reactions, and consequences of adverse reactions. Adverse reactions were identified as physical reactions (15 sub-categories illustrating the different types of reactions) and psychological reactions (5 sub-categories illustrating the different types of reactions). Posters expressed significant intensity of adverse reactions, such as the reaction being awful, extreme, and traumatic. Some had such a negative experience of adverse reactions that they would never again consider a copper intrauterine device and that they would never had it inserted if they knew about the experienced adverse reactions. While some decided to accept adverse reactions and keep the device, others did not and removed it. Adverse reactions had negative effects on sexual health, partner relationship, and fears and worries, including fear to seek gynecologic care because of a traumatic and painful insertion.
Conclusions

Descriptions of both expected and unexpected adverse reactions of the copper intrauterine device can be found in discussion boards, some which can feel like being of high intensity and have burdensome consequences in the lives of clients. Midwives, nurses and physicians working in contraceptive counseling need to ensure that clients are sufficiently informed about possible adverse reactions and followed-up accordingly. More research is needed that further investigates adverse reactions of the copper intrauterine device and the impact such reactions may have for clients.
Patterns of Mental Healthcare Provision in Urban Areas: A Comparative Analysis for Informing Local Policy
Authors: Furst MaryAnne , Salinas-Perez Jose , Gutiérrez-Colosia Mencia R. , Mendoza John , Bagheri Nasser , Anthes Lauren , Salvador-Carulla Luis 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveUrbanisation presents specific challenges for the mental wellbeing of the population. An understanding of availability of existing service provision in urban areas is necessary to plan for the needs of people with mental illness in these contexts to identify gaps in care provision and inform policy and planning. This study aims to provide an analysis of the availability and diversity of mental health care in urban areas in Australia , and compare it with benchmark areas in Europe (Finland and Spain) and South America (Chile). MethodDESDE-LTC, an instrument for service classification and description of services providing long term care was used to analyse and compare service provision in Australia (Australian Capital Territory (ACT)), to other urban areas in Australia (Western Sydney, Perth North and South East Sydney) and to benchmark areas in other countries (Spain, Finland and Chile), using a standard healthcare ecosystems approach. Services from all relevant care sectors were calculated per 100,000 adults.ResultsWe identified commonalities in the pattern of mental health care in urban regions in Australia when compared to urban regions internationally, as well as gaps in care provision common to all study areas.ConclusionThese results highlight the relevance of an ecosystems approach to service planning in mental health care at the local level, and the use of a standardised instrument able to provide valid comparisons. There is a need for models of care sensitive to mental health care ecosystem indicators.