bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carnegie Supernova Project-II: Near-infrared Spectroscopic Diversity of Type II Supernovae
Authors: Davis S. , Hsiao E. Y. , Ashall C. , Hoeflich P. , Phillips M. M. , Marion G. H. , Kirshner R. P. , Morrell N. , Sand D. J. , Burns C. , Contreras C. , Stritzinger M. , Anderson J. P. , Baron E. , Diamond T. , Gutiérrez C. P. , Hamuy M. , Holmbo S. , Kasliwal M. M. , Krisciunas K. , Kumar S. , Lu J. , Pessi P. J. , Piro A. L. , Prieto J. L. , Shahbandeh M. , Suntzeff N. B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present 81 near-infrared (NIR) spectra of 30 Type II supernovae (SNe II) from theCarnegie Supernova Project-II(CSP-II), the largest such data set published to date. We identify a number of NIR features and characterize their evolution over time. The NIR spectroscopic properties of SNe II fall into two distinct groups. This classification is first based on the strength of the Heiλ1.083μm absorption during the plateau phase; SNe II are either significantly above (spectroscopicallystrong) or below 50 Å (spectroscopicallyweak) in pseudo equivalent width. However, between the two groups other properties, such as the timing of CO formation and the presence of Srii, are also observed. Most surprisingly, the distinct weak and strong NIR spectroscopic classes correspond to SNe II with slow and fast declining light curves, respectively. These two photometric groups match the modern nomenclature of SNe IIP, which show a long duration plateau, and IIL, which have a linear declining light curve. Including NIR spectra previously published, 18 out of 19 SNe II follow this slow declining-spectroscopically weak and fast declining-spectroscopically strong correspondence. This is in apparent contradiction to the recent findings in the optical that slow and fast decliners show a continuous distribution of properties. The weak SNe II show a high-velocity component of helium that may be caused by a thermal excitation from a reverse shock created by the outer ejecta interacting with the red supergiant wind, but the origin of the observed dichotomy is not understood. Further studies are crucial in determining whether the apparent differences in the NIR are due to distinct physical processes or a gap in the current data set.
Nonlinear Rossby Wave–Wave and Wave–Mean Flow Theory for Long-term Solar Cycle Modulations
Authors: Raphaldini Breno , Teruya André Seiji , Raupp Carlos F. M. , Bustamante Miguel D. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Schwabe cycle of solar activity exhibits modulations and frequency fluctuations on slow timescales of centuries and millennia. Plausible physical explanations for the cause of these long-term variations of the solar cycle are still elusive, with possible theories including stochasticity of the alpha effect and fluctuations of the differential rotation. It has been suggested recently in the literature that there exists a possible relation between the spatiotemporal structure of the solar cycle and the nonlinear dynamics of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Rossby waves at the solar tachocline, including both wave–wave and wave–mean flow interactions. Here we extend the nonlinear theory of MHD Rossby waves presented in a previous article to take into account long-term modulation effects due to a recently discovered mechanism that allows significant energy transfers throughout different wave triads: the precession resonance mechanism. We have found a large number of Rossby–Hauwirtz wave triads whose frequency mismatches are compatible with the solar cycle frequency. Consequently, by analyzing the reduced dynamics of two triads coupled with a single mode (five-wave system), we have demonstrated that in the amplitude regime in which precession resonance occurs, the energy transfer throughout the system yields significant long-term modulations on the main ∼11 yr period associated with intratriad energy exchanges. We further show that such modulations display an inverse relationship between the characteristic wave amplitude and the period of intratriad energy exchanges, which is consistent with the Waldmeier law for the solar cycle. In the presence of a constant forcing and dissipation, the five-wave system in the precession resonance regime exhibits irregular amplitude fluctuations, with some periods resembling the grand minimum states.
Crime et État-providence
Authors: Bonnet François 
Published: December 2019

Depuis le début des années 1980, des enquêtes aux États-Unis et des comparaisons internationales ont établi, au niveau agrégé, que la protection sociale au sens large réduit les taux de criminalité. L’article entre dans le détail de ces travaux et s’appuie sur les développements récents en microéconomie pour montrer que le mécanisme agissant au niveau individuel est probablement l’effet-revenu : la redistribution évite aux pauvres de s’engager dans le type de criminalité qui est induit par le défaut d’opportunités sur le marché du travail légitime.
Trabajo, subjetividad y clínicas del trabajo : una aproximación al estado de su cuestión en el caso colombiano
Authors: Orejuela Johnny , Pérez María del Mar , Vásquez Andrés 
Published: December 2019

El propósito de este trabajo es presentar un balance sobre la investigación alrededor de las clínicas del trabajo en el contexto académico colombiano. El valor de este estado de la cuestión es que ofrece la posibilidad de representarnos y ubicar en el mapa académico una perspectiva alternativa de la psicología de la salud ocupacional. Para cumplir este cometido se propone discutir tres aspectos relevantes : primero, hacer una aproximación inicial a las condiciones que caracterizan las clínicas como un abordaje clínico-crítica de la relación trabajo-subjetividad-salud laboral ; segundo, se indica como contexto predecesor : la investigación sobre la relación trabajo-subjetividad en Colombia, que en nuestro país ha sido generalmente abordado por el multicampo de la psicología del trabajo y las organizaciones. Posteriormente, se describe la progresiva emergencia e institucionalización de las clínicas del trabajo en Colombia (publicación, eventos, posgrados, tesis, etc.) en algunas universidades, principalmente de las ciudades de Cali y Medellín
Apocalyps, notre amour
Authors: Nys Thomas 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Apocalypse, notre amour. An essay

The apocalypse entails the idea of a final judgment. Thinking about the apocalypse then invites us to consider the question of mankind’s goodness. With Immanuel Kant, I will argue, that such reflection warrants a deep pessimism. Humankind falters in light of the moral standard. Yet, such pessimism leaves room for a political optimism in which impartiality and reciprocity are key elements. Even if moral goodness is nigh-impossible to achieve, we can and should strive for minimal decency. Also, I will claim that those who have reason to doubt Kant’s rationalist and metaphysical foundations for such a modest political program (because they believe in pluralism), still have reason to endorse a similar political liberalism. We will need confidence in this endeavor to respond to a growing relativism, possibly foreshadowing an Other Apocalypse in which all judgment is judged to be wrong.
Omgaan met het existentiële risico van synthetische biologie
Authors: Kelchtermans Mauritz 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Coping with the existential risk of synthetic biology

Synthetic biology (synbio) is a domain in full development, with a potentially big impact on humanity, both in a positive and a negative way. In that sense, synbio is not unique. After a short introduction into synbio, we survey the natural phenomena and technologies that can lead to a premature extinction of Earth-originating life or that can lead to the permanent and drastic reduction of its potential. Within that framework, synbio can be classified as an anthropogenic existential risk in the short term.
This leads to the question of how to deal with such risky technologies taking into account existential risks. For emerging technologies, Europe has chosen to be guided by the precautionary principle, focussing heavily on the prevention of possible harm. Implementing the principle has however not been able to offset the increase in anthropogenic existential risks. In addition the principle prevents synbio to play an important role in mitigating intermediate existential risks. Hence, there are reasons to abandon the precautionary principle in favour of a European version of the proactionary principle.
Kunnen wij onze eigen dood onder ogen zien?
Authors: den Hartogh Govert 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Can we face our own death?

We all know, of course, that we will once die. But do we, can we, really face up to the fact, can we live in a way that really takes it into account? Many philosophers have doubted that we can. Some of them appeal to conceptual arguments, for example the Epicurean argument that we cannot attribute any personal value to the state of our non-existence, because it is not a state of us. Others appeal to phenomenological arguments. At all other times when a possibility that we treasure is not actualized, we are left to deplore the fact, but this particular loss is more encompassing than any other loss. I argue that the conceptual arguments are interesting but in the end unconvincing. The phenomenological arguments, on the other hand, fail to show that it is impossible to live in full consciousness of our mortality, but they explain why it is so difficult for us. Finally, I consider what this tells us about the will to die.
The role of aerosol–radiation–cloud interactions in linking anthropogenic pollution over southern west Africa and dust emission over the Sahara
Authors: Menut Laurent , Tuccella Paolo , Flamant Cyrille , Deroubaix Adrien , Gaetani Marco 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The aerosol direct and indirect effects are studied over west Africa in the summer of 2016 using the coupled WRF-CHIMERE regional model including aerosol–cloud interaction parameterization. First, a reference simulation is performed and compared with observations acquired during the Dynamics-aerosol-chemistry-cloud interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) field campaign which took place in June and July 2016. Sensitivity experiments are also designed to gain insights into the impact of the aerosols dominating the atmospheric composition in southern west Africa (one simulation with halved anthropogenic emissions and one with halved mineral dust emissions). The most important effect of aerosol–cloud interactions is found for the mineral dust scenario, and it is shown that halving the emissions of mineral dust decreases the 2 m temperature by 0.5 K and the boundary layer height by 25 m on a monthly average (July 2016) and over the Saharan region. The presence of dust aerosols also increases (decreases) the shortwave (longwave) radiation at the surface by 25 W m−2. It is also shown that the decrease of anthropogenic emissions along the coast has an impact on the mineral dust load over west Africa by increasing their emissions in the Saharan region. It is due to a mechanism where particulate matter concentrations are decreased along the coast, imposing a latitudinal shift of the monsoonal precipitation and, in turn, an increase of the surface wind speed over arid areas, inducing more mineral dust emissions.
SELEN4 (SELEN version 4.0): a Fortran program for solving the gravitationally and topographically self-consistent sea-level equation in glacial isostatic adjustment modeling
Authors: Spada Giorgio , Melini Daniele 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. We present SELEN4 (SealEveL EquatioN solver), an open-source program written in
Fortran 90 that simulates the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) process in response
to the melting of the Late Pleistocene ice sheets. Using a pseudo-spectral approach complemented
by a spatial discretization on an icosahedron-based spherical geodesic grid, SELEN4 solves a
generalized sea-level equation (SLE) for a spherically symmetric Earth with linear viscoelastic
rheology, taking the migration of the shorelines and the rotational feedback on sea level into
account. The approach is gravitationally and topographically self-consistent, since it considers
the gravitational interactions between the solid Earth, the cryosphere, and the oceans, and
it accounts for the evolution of the Earth's topography in response to changes in sea level.
The SELEN4 program can be employed to study a broad range of geophysical effects of GIA,
including past relative sea-level variations induced by the melting of the Late Pleistocene ice
sheets, the time evolution of paleogeography and of the ocean function since the Last Glacial
Maximum, the history of the Earth's rotational variations, present-day geodetic signals observed
by Global Navigation Satellite Systems, and gravity field variations detected by satellite gravity
missions like GRACE (the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment). The “GIA fingerprints”
constitute a standard output of SELEN4. Along with the source code, we provide a supplementary
document with a full account of the theory, some numerical results obtained from a standard run,
and a user guide. Originally, the SELEN program was conceived by Giorgio Spada (GS) in 2005 as a tool for students eager
to learn about GIA, and it has been the first SLE solver made available to the
community.
Assessing water security in the São Paulo metropolitan region under projected climate change
Authors: Gesualdo Gabriela Chiquito , Oliveira Paulo Tarso , Rodrigues Dulce Buchala Bicca , Gupta Hoshin Vijai 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Climate change affects the global water cycle and has the potential to alter
water availability for food–energy–water production, and for ecosystems
services, on regional and local scales. An understanding of these effects is
crucial for assessing future water availability, and for the development of
sustainable management plans. Here, we investigate the influence of
anticipated climate change on water security in the Jaguari Basin, which is
the main source of freshwater for 9 million people in the São Paulo
metropolitan region (SPMR). First, we calibrate and evaluate a hydrological
model using daily observed data, obtaining satisfactory coefficient of
determination and Kling–Gupta efficiency values for both periods. To
represent possible climate change scenarios up to 2095, we consider two
International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Representative Concentration
Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and use an ensemble of future projections
generated by 17 general circulation models (GCMs). These data were used to
drive the hydrological model to generate projected scenarios of streamflow.
We then used indicators of water scarcity and vulnerability to carry out a
quantitative analysis of provision probability. Our results indicate that
streamflow can be expected to exhibit increased interannual variability,
significant increases in flow rate between January and March, and a
2-month extension of the hydrological dry season (currently June to
September) until November. The latter includes a more than a 35 % reduction
in streamflow during September through November (with a > 50 %
reduction in October). Our findings indicate an increased risk of floods and
droughts accompanied by an expansion of the basin critical period, and our
analysis of the water security indices identifies October and November as
the most vulnerable months. Overall, our analysis exposes the fragility of
water security in the São Paulo metropolitan region, and provides valuable
technical and scientific information that can be used to guide regional
plans and strategies to cope with potential future water scarcity.
Where are the avalanches? Rapid SPOT6 satellite data acquisition to map an extreme avalanche period over the Swiss Alps
Authors: Bühler Yves , Hafner Elisabeth D. , Zweifel Benjamin , Zesiger Mathias , Heisig Holger 
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Accurate and timely information on avalanche occurrence is key for
avalanche warning, crisis management and avalanche documentation. Today such information is mainly available at isolated locations provided by observers
in the field. The achieved reliability, considering accuracy, completeness
and reliability of the reported avalanche events, is limited. In this study
we present the spatially continuous mapping of a large avalanche period in
January 2018 covering the majority of the Swiss Alps (12 500 km2). We tested different satellite sensors available for rapid mapping during the
first avalanche period. Based on these experiences, we tasked SPOT6 and SPOT7
for data acquisition to cover the second, much larger avalanche period. We
manually mapped the outlines of 18 737 individual avalanche events, applying image enhancement techniques to analyze regions in the shade as well as
in brightly illuminated ones. The resulting dataset of mapped avalanche
outlines, having unique completeness and reliability, is evaluated to
produce maps of avalanche occurrence and avalanche size. We validated the
mapping of the avalanche outlines using photographs acquired from
helicopters just after the avalanche period. This study demonstrates the applicability of optical, very high spatial resolution satellite data to map an exceptional avalanche period with very
high completeness, accuracy and reliability over a large region. The
generated avalanche data are of great value in validating avalanche bulletins,
in completing existing avalanche databases and for research applications by
enabling meaningful statistics on important avalanche parameters.
Let's Meet Halfway: Sharing New Responsibilities in a Digital Age
Authors: Heldt Amélie 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Which legal instrument can effectively address current challenges in social media governance and how do companies take their share, shifting away from opaque enforcement of terms of services and increasingly copying governmental structures? In a first step, this article describes and analyzes the way that states address hate speech and misinformation in their respective regulatory projects. Secondly, it examines how social media platforms sanction unwanted content and integrate (or plan on integrating) procedural rules such as appeal and due process principles in their moderation policies. Large social media platforms tend to adopt new structures that resemble administrative law—an uncommon development for non-state actors.
A New Classification System for Pilon Fractures Based on CT Scan: An Independent Interobserver and Intraobserver Agreement Evaluation
Authors: Palma Joaquin , Villa Andres , Mery Pablo , Abarca Mario , Mora Andres , Peña Andres , Urrutia Julio , Filippi Jorge 
Published: December 2019

Background Data:
A new pilon fracture classification system based on CT scan data was recently published, showing almost perfect interobserver and intraobserver agreement among the authors who developed it. However, an independent assessment has not been done.

Objective:
To do an independent agreement evaluation of the new pilon fracture classification system with physicians with different levels of expertise in the management of pilon fractures.

Methods:
Seventy-one cases of acute pilon fracture were retrospectively collected. Fractures were classified by six evaluators (three foot and ankle surgeons and three orthopaedic surgery residents) using CT scans according to the morphological grading of the new pilon fracture classification system developed by Leonetti et al. Cases were presented to the same evaluators in a random sequence after a 6-week interval to determine intraobserver agreement. The kappa coefficient (κ) was used to determine agreement among evaluators.

Results:
The interobserver agreement was substantial regarding the main fracture type (I, II, III, or IV), with an overall κ value of 0.69 (0.65 to 0.72). When including the II and III subtypes, the overall agreement was still substantial, with a κ value of 0.61 (95% confidence interval: 0.58 to 0.64). The intraobserver agreement was substantial when considering the main fracture categories (I, II, III, or IV), with a κ value of 0.78 (confidence interval: 0.72 to 0.84), and full agreement at the type level was observed in 76% (324/426) of evaluations. There was no notable difference between the foot and ankle surgeons and orthopaedic surgery residents in the interobserver and intraobserver agreement.

Conclusion:
The new classification system demonstrated substantial interobserver and intraobserver agreement between evaluators with different levels of expertise in the management of pilon fractures. Prospective studies should be done to evaluate its prognostic value and utility in clinical practice.
Review of the Asian Thaumastodinae (Coleoptera, Byrrhoidea, Limnichidae), with a phylogeny of the genera
Authors: Yoshitomi Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2019

The Asian species of the subfamily Thaumastodinae Champion, 1924 are reviewed. Seven new species are described: Acontosceles borneensis sp. nov., Pseudeucinetus papuanus sp. nov., Mexico ogasawaraensis sp. nov., M. baliensis sp. nov., M. papuanus sp. nov., M. palauensis sp. nov. and M. borneensis sp. nov. The genus Babalimnichus Satô, 1994 is treated as a junior synonym of the genus Mexico Spilman, 1972, and three known species of the genus Babalimnichus are transferred to Mexico, viz. M. taiwanus (Satô, 1994) comb. nov., M. masamii (Satô, 1994) comb. nov. and M. splendens (Hernando & Ribera, 2003) comb. nov. Additional specimen data are shown, and new distributional records are as follows: Acontosceles chujoi Yoshitomi & Satô, 2005 from Vietnam; A. zetteli Pütz, 2008 from Laos; Pseudeucinetus javanicus Yoshitomi & Putra, 2010 from Lombok Island; Mexico taiwanus (Satô, 1994) comb. nov. from Lutao, Lanhsu and the Yonaguni-jima Islands; and M. masamii (Satô, 1994) comb. nov. from Kume-jima. A species list of the subfamily Thaumastodinae is given, with ZooBank LSIDs. The phylogenetic relationships of the thaumastodine genera are discussed.