bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic Motion of Aqueous Drops on Lubricated Chemically Heterogenous Slippery Surfaces
Authors: Sharma Meenaxi , Gupta Shivam , Bhatt Bidisha , Bhatt Geeta , Bhattacharya Shantanu , Khare Krishnacharya 
Published: December 2020

AbstractConventional slippery surfaces show isotropic drop mobility in all directions, whereas anisotropic drop motion may often be required to guide drops in a particular direction. In most cases, topographically structured substrates are employed to provide anisotropic drop motion, but this technique is neither efficient nor cost‐effective. Current findings elucidate a novel approach to control the drop motion by virtue of designing lubricated chemically heterogenous (LCHet) surfaces. Upon depositing aqueous drops on such surfaces, the underneath lubricating film dewets only from the hydrophilic regions but remains intact on the hydrophobic ones. This results in the formation of lubricated microchannels, which subsequently provides sticky and slippery regions for the drops. Fabricated surfaces show remarkable anisotropic drop sliding behavior, from uniform motion along parallel to stripes to stick–slip motion along perpendicular to them. Drop motion on such LCHet surfaces can be easily controlled and tuned in the desired direction by tuning the area fraction of hydrophobic region. Furthermore, a phase diagram is presented to summarize different dynamic situations exhibited by drops; sticking or moving in one or both directions. This approach can be easily adapted to different systems to produce multiranging applications from liquid micropatterning to anisotropic drop mobility.
Determination of fitness and therapeutic options in older patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Cortes Jorge E. , Mehta Priyanka 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTreatment of older patients with AML remains challenging. Although age, performance status, and comorbidities are commonly employed to determine fitness for intensive treatment, several studies have demonstrated improved outcomes with treatment in older and classically unfit patients, highlighting the importance of other disease‐related and patient‐related factors that have prognostic value for treatment outcome in AML. However, consistent and objective assessments for fitness are lacking. Multi‐parameter geriatric assessment tools offer more comprehensive evaluation, but are limited by the required resources and lack of standardization and consensus regarding prognostic value. These assessments are particularly important considering the emerging new AML therapies that represent a spectrum of intensities. Patients should therefore be evaluated holistically for fitness to receive a specific treatment, with the aim of providing individualized care, and such definitions of fitness should also consistently be applied to clinical trials. This review will examine evolving criteria for the determination of fitness among AML patients and discuss treatment options for older and/or unfit patients with AML.
Two loss‐of‐function ANKRD11 variants in Chinese patients with short stature and a possible molecular pathway
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Yang Yun , Yin Xueling , Wang Xueqing , Ni Jihong , Dong Zhiya , Li Chuanyin , Lu Wenli 
Published: December 2020

AbstractKBG syndrome is a rare genetic disease characterized mainly by skeletal abnormalities, distinctive facial features, and intellectual disability. Heterozygous mutations in ANKRD11 gene, or deletion of 16q24.3 that includes ANKRD11 gene are the cause of KBG syndrome. We describe two patients presenting with short stature and partial facial features, whereas no intellectual disability or hearing loss was observed in them. Two ANKRD11 variants, c.4039_4041del (p. Lys1347del) and c.6427C > G (p. Leu2143Val), were identified in this study. Both of them were classified as variants of uncertain significance (VOUS) by ACMG/AMP guidelines and were inherited from their mothers. ANKRD11 could enhance the transactivation of p21 gene, which was identified to participate in chondrogenic differentiation. In this study, we demonstrated that the knockdown of ANKRD11 could reduce the p21‐promoter luciferase activities while re‐introduction of wild type ANKRD11, but not ANKRD11 variants (p. Lys1347del or p. Leu2143Val), could restore the p21 levels. Thus, our study report two loss‐of‐function ANKRD11 variants which might provide new insight on pathogenic mechanism that correlates ANKRD11 variants with the short stature phenotype of KBG syndrome.
An integrative systems‐based analysis of substance use: eQTL‐informed gene‐based tests, gene networks, and biological mechanisms
Authors: Gerring Zachary F. , Vargas Angela Mina , Gamazon Eric R. , Derks Eske M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies have identified multiple genetic risk factors underlying susceptibility to substance use, however, the functional genes and biological mechanisms remain poorly understood. The discovery and characterization of risk genes can be facilitated by the integration of genome‐wide association data and gene expression data across biologically relevant tissues and/or cell types to identify genes whose expression is altered by DNA sequence variation (expression quantitative trait loci; eQTLs). The integration of gene expression data can be extended to the study of genetic co‐expression, under the biologically valid assumption that genes form co‐expression networks to influence the manifestation of a disease or trait. Here, we integrate genome‐wide association data with gene expression data from 13 brain tissues to identify candidate risk genes for 8 substance use phenotypes. We then test for the enrichment of candidate risk genes within tissue‐specific gene co‐expression networks to identify modules (or groups) of functionally related genes whose dysregulation is associated with variation in substance use. We identified eight gene modules in brain that were enriched with gene‐based association signals for substance use phenotypes. For example, a single module of 40 co‐expressed genes was enriched with gene‐based associations for drinks per week and biological pathways involved in GABA synthesis, release, reuptake and degradation. Our study demonstrates the utility of eQTL and gene co‐expression analysis to uncover novel biological mechanisms for substance use traits.
Multimodal Three‐Dimensional Visualization Enhances Novice Learner Interpretation of Basic Cross‐Sectional Anatomy
Authors: Ben Awadh Abdullah , Clark Jill , Clowry Gavin , Keenan Iain D. 
Published: December 2020

While integrated delivery of anatomy and radiology can support undergraduate anatomical education, the interpretation of complex three‐dimensional spatial relationships in cross‐sectional and radiological images is likely to be demanding for novices. Due to the value of technology‐enhanced and multimodal strategies, it was hypothesized that simultaneous digital and physical learning could enhance student understanding of cross‐sectional anatomy. A novel learning approach introduced at a United Kingdom university medical school combined visualization table‐based thoracic cross‐sections and digital models with a three‐dimensional printed heart. A mixed‐method experimental and survey approach investigated student perceptions of challenging anatomical areas and compared the multimodal intervention to a two‐dimensional cross‐section control. Analysis of seven‐point Likert‐type responses of new medical students (n = 319) found that clinical imaging (mean 5.64 SD ± 1.20) was significantly more challenging (P < 0.001) than surface anatomy (4.19 ± 1.31) and gross anatomy (4.92 ± 1.22). Pre‐post testing of students who used the intervention during their first anatomy class at medical school (n = 229), identified significant increases (P < 0.001) in thoracic cross‐sectional anatomy interpretation performance (mean 31.4% ± 15.3) when compared to the subsequent abdominal control activity (24.1% ± 17.6). Student test scores were independent of mental‐rotation ability. As depicted on a seven‐point Likert‐type scale, the intervention may have contributed to students considering cross‐sectional interpretation of thoracic images (4.2 ± 1.23) as significantly less challenging (P < 0.001) than comparable abdominal images (5.59 ± 1.14). These findings could have implications for how multimodal cross‐sectional anatomy learning approaches are implemented within medical curricula.
Large Nonlinear Optical Activity of a Near‐infrared‐absorbing Bithiophene‐based Polymer with a Head‐to‐head Linkage
Authors: Ren Can , Xiao Shuyu , Li Junzi , Ma Lin , Chen Rui , Ye Chuanxiang , Gao Yang , Su Chenliang , He Tingchao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough the production of near‐infrared (NIR)‐absorbing organic polymers with an excellent nonlinear optical (NLO) response is vital for various optoelectronic devices and photodynamic therapy, the molecular design and relevant photophysical investigation still remain challenging. In this work, large NLO activity is observed for an NIR‐absorbing bithiophene‐based polymer with a unique head‐to‐head linkage in the NIR region. The saturable absorption coefficient and modulation depth of the polymer are determined as ∼−3.5×105 cm GW−1 and ∼32.43%, respectively. Notably, the polymer exhibits an intrinsic nonlinear refraction index up to ∼−9.36 cm2 GW−1, which is six orders of magnitude larger than that of CS2. The maximum molar‐mass normalized two‐photon absorption cross‐section (σ2/M) of this polymer can be up to ∼14 GM at 1200 nm. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements reveal significant spectral overlap between the 2PA and excited state absorption in the 1000–1400 nm wavelength range and an efficient triplet quantum yield of ∼36.7%. The results of this study imply that this NIR‐absorbing polymer is promising for relevant applications.
Fuzzy controller design for nonlinear singular systems with external noises subject to passivity constraints
Authors: Chang Wen‐Jer , Su Che‐Lun , Varadarajan Vijayakumar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper applies the state derivative feedback method and proportional plus derivative state feedback method to design the fuzzy controllers for the nonlinear singular systems with external noises. The Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy modeling technology is employed in this paper to represent the nonlinear singular systems with external noise. Considering the singular Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy model, the passivity constraint is chosen to treat the external noises for the controlled systems. By using the parallel distributed compensation method, the fuzzy controller is designed to satisfy the Lyapunov stability conditions and passivity constraints simultaneously. These sufficient conditions can be effectively solved in terms of linear matrix inequalities, which can be solved via the convex optimization technique. At last, some numerical examples are provided to verify the applicability and effectivity of the proposed fuzzy controller design methods.
The error‐related negativity as a neuromarker of risk or resilience in young children
Authors: Lawler Jamie M. , Hruschak Jessica , Aho Kristin , Liu Yanni , Ip Ka I. , Lajiness‐O’Neill Renee , Rosenblum Katherine L. , Muzik Maria , Fitzgerald Kate D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe error‐related negativity (ERN) is a neural response that reflects error monitoring. Contradictorily, an enlarged (more negative) ERN has been cited as both a risk factor and a protective factor, which hinders its utility as a predictive indicator. The aim of the current study was to examine the associations between ERN measured in early childhood with the development of cognitive control (CC), emotion regulation, and internalizing/externalizing symptoms over 1–2 years.MethodsWhen children were ages 5–7, EEG was collected during a Go/No‐Go task. A subset of the original participants (n = 30) were selected based on their baseline ERN in an extreme‐case design: half with high‐amplitude ERN, matched by age and sex with another group with low‐amplitude ERN.ResultsAt follow‐up, children in the High‐Amplitude group showed better executive function, less self‐reported anxiety and depression, less affect dysregulation, more parent‐rated CC, less lability/negativity, and fewer parent‐reported externalizing problems. Many results held even when accounting for baseline levels. Further, emotion dysregulation mediated the relationship between the ERN and both anxiety and externalizing problems, while CC mediated the ERN's relationship with externalizing problems only.ConclusionsThese results can inform identification and intervention efforts for children at risk for psychopathology.
Cytotoxic Diterpenoids from Euphorbia fischeriana
Authors: Meng Jia , Li Bo‐Ting , Sheng Gang , Zhang An‐Ling , Li Xing‐Cong , Tian Jun‐Mian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFive new diterpenoids, named euphorfischerins A–E, were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana. Their chemical structures and absolute configurations were determined by interpretation of NMR, HR‐ESI‐MS, ECD and X‐ray diffraction data. Euphorfischerin A showed cytotoxicity against the human cancer cell lines HeLa, H460 and Namalwa with IC50 values of 4.6, 11.5 and 16.4 μM, respectively, while euphorfischerin B gave comparable IC50 values of 9.5, 17.4 and 13.3 μM against the three cancer cell lines, respectively.
Multi‐enzyme Cascades for the In Vitro Synthesis of Guanosine Diphosphate L‐Fucose
Authors: Mahour Reza , Marichal‐Gallardo Pavel A. , Rexer Thomas F. T. , Reichl Udo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecombinant Leloir glycosyltransferases can be exploited to synthesize a wide range of HMOs using in vitro biocatalytic reactions. However, high costs and unavailability of bulk amounts of most nucleotide sugars, such as guanosine diphosphate L‐fucose (GDP‐Fuc), are major obstacles for the efficient large‐scale synthesis. Here, we report two novel multi‐enzyme cascades for the synthesis of GDP‐Fuc from readily available and low cost precursors. The first cascade was developed to produce GDP‐Fuc from guanosine (Guo), fucose (Fuc), polyphosphate (PolyPn) and catalytic amounts of adenine triphosphate (ATP). GDP‐Fuc was produced with a final concentration of 7 mM (4.1 g/L) and a reaction yield of 68 % from Guo and Fuc within 48 h with a biocatalyst load of 0.34 genzyme/gproduct. A second cascade, consisting of ten enzymes and eleven reactions was developed to carry out the synthesis from mannose (Man), Guo, PolyPn, L‐glutamine (L‐Glu) and catalytic amounts of ATP, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). Utilizing this cascade, GDP‐Fuc was produced with a final concentration of 7.6 mM (4.5 g/L) and a reaction yield of 72 % in a reaction time of 48 h with a biocatalyst load of 0.97 genzyme/gproduct. Finally, a method for chromatographic purification of GDP‐Fuc was established achieving product purities of 90.5 %.
Pt3Co@Pt Core@shell Nanoparticles as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts in Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Authors: Yang Yongchao , Tan Chunhui , Yang Yuwei , Zhang Lei , Zhang Bin‐Wei , Wu Kuang‐Hsu , Zhao Shenlong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCore‐shell structured bimetallic platinum‐metal (Pt−M) nanoparticles, as a new class of active and stable nanocatalysts, have shown many advantages in increasing the utilization of precious Pt and improving electrocatalytic performances. Here, a core‐shell Pt3Co@Pt supported on porous graphitic carbon (denoted as Pt3Co@Pt/C) is synthesized via a simple thermal method, and further used as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the direct methanol fuel cell. An atomic‐resolution high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM) measurement combining with line‐profile analysis reveals that the average thickness of Pt‐shell is around 0.4–0.6 nm, forming an ultrathin catalytic layer. Given its unique geometric and electronic structure, the as‐prepared Pt3Co@Pt/C displays highly enhanced electrocatalytic ORR activity and stability, boosted anti‐methanol poisoning ability with a high onset potential and an exceptional half‐wave potential in 0.1 M HClO4 solution. Impressively, its mass activity (0.71 mA mgPt−1) and specific activity (2.75 mA cmPt−2) for ORR are 3.7‐ and 8.1‐fold higher than those of commercial Pt/C catalyst, respectively. The Pt3Co@Pt/C nanocatalysts show remarkable tolerance against methanol poisoning, evidenced by the in situ Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. This work points out a path for the design of high‐performance nanocatalysts for accelerating the development of clean energy technologies involving ORR.
Comment on “Photochemical Activities of N‐Nitroso Carboxamides and Sulfoximides and Their Application to DNA Cleavage”
Authors: Korth Hans‐Gert 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis Correspondence reports on a structural and mechanistic misinterpretation of an observed EPR spectrum, a misleading presentation of DNA cleavage data, and the physicochemically unsupported assignment of nitric oxide as a major DNA cleaving agent in the article cited in the title.
Chalcogen‐Transfer Rearrangement: Exploring Inter‐ versus Intramolecular P−P Bond Activation
Authors: Franz Roman , Nasemann Sina , Bruhn Clemens , Kelemen Zsolt , Pietschnig Rudolf 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Rudolf Pietschnig and co‐workers at the University of Kassel and Zsolt Kelemen at Budapest University of Technology and Economics. The image depicts Selene, the goddess of the moon in ancient Greek mythology, and the cycle of chalcogen‐transfer rearrangement in the starry sky over the hills of the mountainous region of the northern shore of Lake Balaton (Mts. Badacsony and Gulács) in Hungary. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202002481.
Coordination Complexes to Combat Bacterial Infections: Recent Developments, Current Directions and Future Opportunities
Authors: Pandey Apurva , Boros Eszter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDrug discovery aimed at the efficient eradication of life‐threatening bacterial infections, especially in light of the emergence of multi‐drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria, has remained a challenge for medicinal chemists over the past several decades. As nutrient acquisition and metabolism at the host‐pathogen interface become better elucidated, new drug targets continue to emerge. Metal homeostasis is among these processes, and thus provides opportunities for medicinal inorganic chemists to alter or disrupt these processes selectively to impart bacteriostatic or bacteriotoxic effects. In this minireview, we showcase some of the recent work from the field of metal‐based antibacterial agents and highlight divergent strategies and mechanisms of action.
Design and Development of Axially Chiral Bis(naphthofuran) Luminogens as Fluorescent Probes for Cell Imaging
Authors: Jejurkar Valmik P. , Yashwantrao Gauravi , Kumar Pawan , Neekhra Suditi , Maliekal Parimal J. , Badani Purav , Srivastava Rohit , Saha Satyajit 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDesigning chiral AIEgens without aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active molecules externally tagged to the chiral scaffold remains a long‐standing challenge for the scientific community. The inherent aggregation‐caused quenching phenomenon associated with the axially chiral (R)‐[1,1′‐binaphthalene]‐2,2′‐diol ((R)‐BINOL) scaffold, together with its marginal Stokes shift, limits its application as a chiral AIE‐active material. Here, in our effort to design chiral luminogens, we have developed a design strategy in which 2‐substituted furans, when appropriately fused with the BINOL scaffold, will generate solid‐state emissive materials with high thermal and photostability as well as colour‐tunable properties. The excellent biocompatibility, together with the high fluorescence quantum yield and large Stokes shift, of one of the luminogens stimulated us to investigate its cell‐imaging potential. The luminogen was observed to be well internalised and uniformly dispersed within the cytoplasm of MDA‐MB‐231 cancer cells, showing high fluorescence intensity.
The Combined Use of Gold Nanoparticles and Infrared Radiation Enables Cytosolic Protein Delivery
Authors: Garcia Josep , Fernández‐Pradas J. Marcos , Lladó Anna , Serra Pere , Zalvidea Dobryna , Kogan Marcelo J. , Giralt Ernest , Sánchez‐Navarro Macarena 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCytosolic protein delivery remains elusive. The inability of most proteins to cross the cellular membrane is a huge hurdle. Here we explore the unique photothermal properties of gold nanorods (AuNRs) to trigger cytosolic delivery of proteins. Both partners, protein and AuNRs, are modified with a protease‐resistant cell‐penetrating peptide with nuclear targeting properties to induce internalization. Once internalized, spatiotemporal control of protein release is achieved by near‐infrared laser irradiation in the safe second biological window. Importantly, catalytic amounts of AuNRs are sufficient to trigger cytosolic protein delivery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that AuNRs with their maximum of absorption in the second biological window are used to deliver proteins into the intracellular space. This strategy represents a powerful tool for the cytosolic delivery of virtually any class of protein.
Solution and Solid‐Phase Growth of Bulk Halide Perovskite Single Crystals
Authors: Zhang Chao , Liu Xiaolin , Chen Jing , Lin Jia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPerovskite is a magic material with a structure similar to calcium titanate (CaTiO3). Among perovskite materials, halide perovskite has gained considerable attention owing to its superior semiconducting properties such as direct band gap and relatively small effective mass of electrons and holes. In recent years, the power conversion efficiency of halide perovskite solar cells has been continuously refreshed. The growth of bulk halide perovskite single crystals (PSCs) has become crucial to the investigation of their intrinsic properties. In the entire preparation process, the growth method generally plays a significant role, which determines the quality and size of the target PSCs. In this review, we summarized the existing mainstream synthetic methods for growing bulk PSCs including solution and solid‐phase methods. We discussed the characteristics of these methods and the influence of the growth parameters on the quality and size of the resulting PSCs. Moreover, we briefly introduce the applications of PSCs as semiconductors in photodetectors and gas sensors. Understanding the growth behaviors of PSCs is insightful for future research on their synthesis and applications.