bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malus-metasurface-assisted polarization multiplexing
Authors: Deng Liangui , Deng Juan , Guan Zhiqiang , Tao Jin , Chen Yang , Yang Yan , Zhang Daxiao , Tang Jibo , Li Zhongyang , Li Zile , Yu Shaohua , Zheng Guoxing , Xu Hongxing , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Zhang Shuang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolarization optics plays a pivotal role in diffractive, refractive, and emerging flat optics, and has been widely employed in contemporary optical industries and daily life. Advanced polarization manipulation leads to robust control of the polarization direction of light. Nevertheless, polarization control has been studied largely independent of the phase or intensity of light. Here, we propose and experimentally validate a Malus-metasurface-assisted paradigm to enable simultaneous and independent control of the intensity and phase properties of light simply by polarization modulation. The orientation degeneracy of the classical Malus’s law implies a new degree of freedom and enables us to establish a one-to-many mapping strategy for designing anisotropic plasmonic nanostructures to engineer the Pancharatnam–Berry phase profile, while keeping the continuous intensity modulation unchanged. The proposed Malus metadevice can thus generate a near-field greyscale pattern, and project an independent far-field holographic image using an ultrathin and single-sized metasurface. This concept opens up distinct dimensions for conventional polarization optics, which allows one to merge the functionality of phase manipulation into an amplitude-manipulation-assisted optical component to form a multifunctional nano-optical device without increasing the complexity of the nanostructures. It can empower advanced applications in information multiplexing and encryption, anti-counterfeiting, dual-channel display for virtual/augmented reality, and many other related fields.
Ginsenoside Rg3 promotes regression from hepatic fibrosis through reducing inflammation-mediated autophagy signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Xiangxiang , Mi Xiaojie , Wang Zi , Zhang Ming , Hou Jingang , Jiang Shuang , Wang Yingping , Chen Chen , Li Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInflammation and autophagy occur during hepatic fibrosis development caused by various pathogens, and effectively curbing of autophage may delay the occurrence of hepatic fibrosis. The current study aimed to unravel the inhibitory effects of Ginsenoside Rg3 (G-Rg3) on inflammation-mediated hepatic autophagy to curb hepatic fibrosis caused by thioacetamide (TAA)-induced subacute and chronic hepatic injury. TAA is mainly metabolized in the liver to cause liver dysfunction. After intraperitoneal injection of TAA for 4 or 10 weeks (TAA-chronic mouse models), severe inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis occurred in the liver. Treatment with G-Rg3 alleviated hepatic pathological changes and reversed hepatic fibrosis in the TAA-chronic models with decreased deposition of collagen fibers, reduced expression of HSCs activation marker (α-SMA), and reduced secretion of profibrogenic factors (TGF-β1). G-Rg3 decreased expressions of autophagy-related proteins in mice of TAA-chronic models. Notably, G-Rg3 inhibited the survival of activated rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6), but had no cytotoxicity on human hepatocytes (L02 cell lines). G-Rg3 dose-dependently inhibited autophagy in vitro with less expression of p62 and fewer LC3a transformation into LC3b in inflammatory inducer lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat HSC-T6 cells. Furthermore, G-Rg3 enhanced the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt) in vivo and in vitro. Besides, mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin and PI3K inhibitors LY294002 were employed in LPS-treated HSC-T6 cell cultures to verify that Rg3 partially reversed the increase in autophagy in hepatic fibrosis in vitro. Taken together, G-Rg3 exerted anti-fibrosis effect through the inhibition of autophagy in TAA-treated mice and LPS-stimulated HSC-T6 cells. These data collectively unravel that G-Rg3 may serve a promising anti-hepatic fibrosis drug.
Cancer Surveillance Guideline for individuals with PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome
Authors: Tischkowitz Marc , Colas Chrystelle , Pouwels Sjaak , Hoogerbrugge Nicoline ,   PHTS Guideline Development Group, Bisseling Tanya , Bubien Virginie , Caux Frederic , Chabbert-Buffet Nathalie , Colas Chrystelle , Da Mota Gomes Sophie , Gotthardt Martin , Hoogerbrugge Nicoline , Kets Marleen , Lachlan Katherine L. , Links Thera P. , Longy Michel , Mann Ritse , Pouwels Sjaak , Kool Leo Schultze , Semple Robert K. , Stock Ian , Tischkowitz Marc , Vos Janet ,   The European Reference Network GENTURIS, Hoogerbrugge Nicoline , Ligtenberg Marjolijn , Oostenbrink Rianne , Sijmons Rolf , Evans Gareth , Woodward Emma , Tischkowitz Marc , Maher Eamonn , Ferner Rosalie E. , Aretz Stefan , Spier Isabel , Steinke-Lange Verena , Holinski-Feder Elke , Schröck Evelin , Frebourg Thierry , Houdayer Claude , Colas Chrystelle , Wolkenstein Pierre , Bours Vincent , Legius Eric , Poppe Bruce , Claes Kathleen , de Putter Robin , Guillermo Ignacio Blanco , Capella Gabriel , Vidal Joan Brunet , Lázaro Conxi , Balmaña Judith , Hernandez Hector Salvador , Oliveira Carla , Teixeira Manuel , Bajalica-Lagercrantz Svetlana , Tham Emma , Lubinski Jan , Ertmanska Karolina , Melegh Bela , Krajc Mateja , Blatnik Ana , Peltonen Sirkku , Hietala Marja 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome is a diverse multi-system disorder predisposing to the development of hamartomatous growths, increasing risk of breast, thyroid, renal cancer, and possibly increasing risk of endometrial cancer, colorectal cancer and melanoma. There is no international consensus on cancer surveillance in PHTS and all current guidelines are based on expert opinion. A comprehensive literature review was undertaken and guidelines were developed by clinicians with expertise from clinical genetics, gynaecology, endocrinology, dermatology, radiology, gastroenterology and general surgery, together with affected individuals and their representatives. Recommendations were put forward for surveillance for breast, thyroid and renal cancers. Limited recommendations were developed for other sites including endometrial, colon and skin. The proposed cancer surveillance recommendations for PHTS require a coordinated multidisciplinary approach and significant patient commitment. The evidence base for cancer surveillance in this guideline are limited, emphasising the need for prospective evaluation of the effectiveness of surveillance in the PHTS population.
Novel approach to incorporate information about recessive lethal genes increases the accuracy of genomic prediction for mortality traits
Authors: Gebreyesus Grum , Sahana Goutam , Christian Sørensen A. , Lund Mogens S. , Su Guosheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe genetic underpinnings of calf mortality can be partly polygenic and partly due to deleterious effects of recessive lethal alleles. Prediction of the genetic merits of selection candidates should thus take into account both genetic components contributing to calf mortality. However, simultaneously modeling polygenic risk and recessive lethal allele effects in genomic prediction is challenging due to effects that behave differently. In this study, we present a novel approach where mortality risk probabilities from polygenic and lethal allele components are predicted separately to compute the total risk probability of an individual for its future offspring as a basis for selection. We present methods for transforming genomic estimated breeding values of polygenic effect into risk probabilities using normal density and cumulative distribution functions and show computations of risk probability from recessive lethal alleles given sire genotypes and population recessive allele frequencies. Simulated data were used to test the novel approach as implemented in probit, logit, and linear models. In the simulation study, the accuracy of predicted risk probabilities was computed as the correlation between predicted mortality probabilities and observed calf mortality for validation sires. The results indicate that our novel approach can greatly increase the accuracy of selection for mortality traits compared with the accuracy of predictions obtained without distinguishing polygenic and lethal gene effects.
Unprecedented generation of 3D heterostructures by mechanochemical disassembly and re-ordering of incommensurate metal chalcogenides
Authors: Dolotko Oleksandr , Hlova Ihor Z. , Pathak Arjun K. , Mudryk Yaroslav , Pecharsky Vitalij K. , Singh Prashant , Johnson Duane D. , Boote Brett W. , Li Jingzhe , Smith Emily A. , Carnahan Scott L. , Rossini Aaron J. , Zhou Lin , Eastman Ely M. , Balema Viktor P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThree-dimensional heterostructures are usually created either by assembling two-dimensional building blocks into hierarchical architectures or using stepwise chemical processes that sequentially deposit individual monolayers. Both approaches suffer from a number of issues, including lack of suitable precursors, limited reproducibility, and poor scalability of the preparation protocols. Therefore, development of alternative methods that enable preparation of heterostructured materials is desired. We create heterostructures with incommensurate arrangements of well-defined building blocks using a synthetic approach that comprises mechanical disassembly and simultaneous reordering of layered transition-metal dichalcogenides, MX2, and non-layered monochalcogenides, REX, where M = Ta, Nb, RE = Sm, La, and X = S, Se. We show that the discovered solid-state processes are rooted in stochastic mechanochemical transformations directed by electronic interaction between chemically and structurally dissimilar solids toward atomic-scale ordering, and offer an alternative to conventional heterostructuring. Details of composition–structure–properties relationships in the studied materials are also highlighted.
A nonrandomized open-label phase 2 trial of nonischemic heart preservation for human heart transplantation
Authors: Nilsson Johan , Jernryd Victoria , Qin Guangqi , Paskevicius Audrius , Metzsch Carsten , Sjöberg Trygve , Steen Stig 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPre-clinical heart transplantation studies have shown that ex vivo non-ischemic heart preservation (NIHP) can be safely used for 24 h. Here we perform a prospective, open-label, non-randomized phase II study comparing NIHP to static cold preservation (SCS), the current standard for adult heart transplantation. All adult recipients on waiting lists for heart transplantation were included in the study, unless they met any exclusion criteria. The same standard acceptance criteria for donor hearts were used in both study arms. NIHP was scheduled in advance based on availability of device and trained team members. The primary endpoint was a composite of survival free of severe primary graft dysfunction, free of ECMO use within 7 days, and free of acute cellular rejection ≥2R within 180 days. Secondary endpoints were I/R-tissue injury, immediate graft function, and adverse events. Of the 31 eligible patients, six were assigned to NIHP and 25 to SCS. The median preservation time was 223 min (IQR, 202–263) for NIHP and 194 min (IQR, 164–223) for SCS. Over the first six months, all of the patients assigned to NIHP achieved event-free survival, compared with 18 of those assigned to SCS (Kaplan-Meier estimate of event free survival 72.0% [95% CI 50.0–86.0%]). CK-MB assessed 6 ± 2 h after ending perfusion was 76 (IQR, 50–101) ng/mL for NIHP compared with 138 (IQR, 72–198) ng/mL for SCS. Four deaths within six months after transplantation and three cardiac-related adverse events were reported in the SCS group compared with no deaths or cardiac-related adverse events in the NIHP group. This first-in-human study shows the feasibility and safety of NIHP for clinical use in heart transplantation. ClinicalTrial.gov, number NCT03150147
ADNP promotes neural differentiation by modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Sun Xiaoyun , Peng Xixia , Cao Yuqin , Zhou Yan , Sun Yuhua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractADNP (Activity Dependent Neuroprotective Protein) is a neuroprotective protein whose aberrant expression has been frequently linked to neural developmental disorders, including the Helsmoortel-Van der Aa syndrome (also called the ADNP syndrome). However, its role in neural development and pathology remains unclear. Here, we show that ADNP is required for neural induction and differentiation by enhancing Wnt signaling. Mechanistically, ADNP functions to stabilize β-Catenin through binding to its armadillo domain which prevents its association with key components of the degradation complex: Axin and APC. Loss of ADNP promotes the formation of the degradation complex and β-Catenin degradation via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, resulting in down-regulation of key neuroectoderm developmental genes. In addition, adnp gene disruption in zebrafish leads to defective neurogenesis and reduced Wnt signaling. Our work provides important insights into the role of ADNP in neural development and the pathology of the Helsmoortel-Van der Aa syndrome caused by ADNP gene mutation.
Clonal hematopoiesis is associated with adverse outcomes in multiple myeloma patients undergoing transplant
Authors: Mouhieddine Tarek H. , Sperling Adam S. , Redd Robert , Park Jihye , Leventhal Matthew , Gibson Christopher J. , Manier Salomon , Nassar Amin H. , Capelletti Marzia , Huynh Daisy , Bustoros Mark , Sklavenitis-Pistofidis Romanos , Tahri Sabrin , Hornburg Kalvis , Dumke Henry , Itani Muhieddine M. , Boehner Cody J. , Liu Chia-Jen , AlDubayan Saud H. , Reardon Brendan , Van Allen Eliezer M. , Keats Jonathan J. , Stewart Chip , Mehr Shaadi , Auclair Daniel , Schlossman Robert L. , Munshi Nikhil C. , Anderson Kenneth C. , Steensma David P. , Laubach Jacob P. , Richardson Paul G. , Ritz Jerome , Ebert Benjamin L. , Soiffer Robert J. , Trippa Lorenzo , Getz Gad , Neuberg Donna S. , Ghobrial Irene M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma-cell neoplasm that is treated with high-dose chemotherapy, autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) and long-term immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) maintenance. The presence of somatic mutations in the peripheral blood is termed clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and is associated with adverse outcomes. Targeted sequencing of the stem cell product from 629 MM patients treated by ASCT at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (2003–2011) detects CHIP in 136/629 patients (21.6%). The most commonly mutated genes are DNMT3A, TET2, TP53, ASXL1 and PPM1D. Twenty-one from fifty-six patients (3.3%) receiving first-line IMiD maintenance develop a therapy-related myeloid neoplasm (TMN). However, regardless of CHIP status, the use of IMiD maintenance associates with improved PFS and OS. In those not receiving IMiD maintenance, CHIP is associated with decreased overall survival (OS) (HR:1.34, p = 0.02) and progression free survival (PFS) (HR:1.45, p < 0.001) due to an increase in MM progression.
Valley-locked waveguide transport in acoustic heterostructures
Authors: Wang Mudi , Zhou Wenyi , Bi Liya , Qiu Chunyin , Ke Manzhu , Liu Zhengyou 
Published: June 2020

AbstractValley pseudospin, labeling the pair of energy extrema in momentum space, has been attracting attention because of its potential as a new degree of freedom in manipulating electrons or classical waves. Recently, topological valley edge transport of sound, by virtue of the gapless valley-locked edge states, has been observed in the domain walls of sonic crystals. Here, by constructing a heterostructure with sonic crystals, a topological waveguide is realized. The waveguide states feature gapless dispersion, momentum-valley locking, immunity against defects, and a high capacity for energy transport. With a designable size, the heterostructures are more flexible for interfacing with the existing acoustic devices than the domain wall structures. Such heterostructures may serve as versatile new devices for acoustic wave manipulation, such as acoustic splitting, reflection-free guiding and converging.
Sociality and interaction envelope organize visual action representations
Authors: Tarhan Leyla , Konkle Talia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHumans observe a wide range of actions in their surroundings. How is the visual cortex organized to process this diverse input? Using functional neuroimaging, we measured brain responses while participants viewed short videos of everyday actions, then probed the structure in these responses using voxel-wise encoding modeling. Responses are well fit by feature spaces that capture the body parts involved in an action and the action’s targets (i.e. whether the action was directed at an object, another person, the actor, and space). Clustering analyses reveal five large-scale networks that summarize the voxel tuning: one related to social aspects of an action, and four related to the scale of the interaction envelope, ranging from fine-scale manipulations directed at objects, to large-scale whole-body movements directed at distant locations. We propose that these networks reveal the major representational joints in how actions are processed by visual regions of the brain.
Determination of mesopores in the wood cell wall at dry and wet state
Authors: Nopens Martin , Sazama Uta , König Sandra , Kaschuro Sergej , Krause Andreas , Fröba Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWood porosity is of great interest for basic research and applications. One aspect is the cell wall porosity at total dry state. When water is absorbed by wood, the uptake of water within the cell wall leads to a dimension change of the material. A hypothesis for possible structures that hold the water is induced cell wall porosity. Nitrogen and krypton physisorption as well as high pressure hydrogen sorption and thermoporosimetry were applied to softwood and hardwood (pine and beech) in dry and wet state for determining surface area and porosity. Physisorption is not able to detect pores or surface area within the cell wall. Krypton physisorption shows surface area up 5 times lower than nitrogen with higher accuracy. With high pressure sorption no inaccessible pore volumes were seen at higher pressures. Thermoporosimetry was not able to detect mesopores within the hygroscopic water sorption region. Physisorption has to be handled carefully regarding the differences between adsorptives. The absence of water-induced mesopores within the hygroscopic region raise doubts on existing water sorption theories that assume these pore dimensions. When using the term “cell wall porosity”, it is important to distinguish between pores on the cell wall surface and pores that exist because of biological structure, as there are no water-induced mesopores present. The finding offers the possibility to renew wood-water-sorption theories because based on the presented results transport of water in the cell wall must be realized by structures lower than two 2 nm. Nanoporous structures in wood at wet state should be investigated more intensively in future.
A unified spatial multigraph analysis for public transport performance
Authors: Wang Yaoli , Zhu Di , Yin Ganmin , Huang Zhou , Liu Yu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPublic transport performance not only directly depicts the convenience of a city’s public transport, but also indirectly reflects urban dwellers’ life quality and urban attractiveness. Understanding why some regions are easier to get around by public transport helps to build a green transport friendly city. This paper initiates a new perspective and method to investigate how public transport network’s morphology contributes significantly to its performance. We investigate the significance of morphology from the perspective of graph classification – by extracting the typical local structures, called “motifs”, from the multi-modal public transport multigraph. A motif is seen as a certain connectivity pattern of different transport modes at a local scale. Combinations of various motifs decide the output of graph classification, particularly, public transport performance. We invent an innovative method to extract motifs on complex spatial multigraphs. The proposed method is adaptable to unify complex factors into one simple form for swift coding, and depends less on observational data to handle data unavailability. In the study area of Beijing, we validate that the measure can infer varied public transport efficiencies and access equalities of different regions. Some typical areas with undeveloped or unevenly distributed public transport are further discussed.
Unexpected presence of 14C in inorganic pigment for an absolute dating of paintings
Authors: Beck Lucile , Messager Cyrielle , Caffy Ingrid , Delqué-Količ Emmanuelle , Perron Marion , Dumoulin Jean-Pascal , Moreau Christophe , Degrigny Christian , Serneels Vincent 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe absolute dating of paintings is crucial for tackling the problem of fake art. Investigations to authenticate paintings rely on an advanced knowledge of art history and a collection of scientific techniques. Radiocarbon dating is the only technique that gives access to an absolute time scale, but its application is limited to organic materials such as wood, canvas or natural binder. Extending absolute dating to inorganic pigments would make it possible to overcome the lack of available materials for dating easel and mural paintings. Here, we present a novel technique permitting paintings that contain inorganic pigment to be radiocarbon dated. We report results obtained on lead white that was the major white pigment used from Antiquity to the 20th century. We demonstrate that its manufacture is the key point for an absolute and reliable dating. We report an unprecedented use of 14C to date 14th to 16th century wall paintings. Since lead white was extensively used by the greatest artists, we anticipate that this study will open new avenues for detecting forgeries on the art market and for museums.
Machine learning analysis of rogue solitons in supercontinuum generation
Authors: Salmela Lauri , Lapre Coraline , Dudley John M. , Genty Goëry 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSupercontinuum generation is a highly nonlinear process that exhibits unstable and chaotic characteristics when developing from long pump pulses injected into the anomalous dispersion regime of an optical fiber. A particular feature associated with this regime is the long-tailed “rogue wave”-like statistics of the spectral intensity on the long-wavelength edge of the supercontinuum, linked to the generation of a small number of “rogue solitons” with extreme red-shifts. Whilst the statistical properties of rogue solitons can be conveniently measured in the spectral domain using the real-time dispersive Fourier transform technique, we cannot use this technique to determine any corresponding temporal properties since it only records the spectral intensity and one loses information about the spectral phase. And direct temporal characterization using methods such as the time-lens has resolution of typically 100’s of fs, precluding the measurement of solitons which possess typically much shorter durations. Here, we solve this problem by using machine learning. Specifically, we show how supervised learning can train a neural network to predict the peak power, duration, and temporal walk-off with respect to the pump pulse position of solitons at the edge of a supercontinuum spectrum from only the supercontinuum spectral intensity without phase information. Remarkably, the network accurately predicts soliton characteristics for a wide range of scenarios, from the onset of spectral broadening dominated by pure modulation instability to near octave-spanning supercontinuum with distinct rogue solitons.