bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefit–Risk Summary of Nivolumab for the Treatment of Patients with Unresectable Advanced, Recurrent, or Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Prior Fluoropyrimidine- and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Pelosof Lorraine , Saung May Tun , Donoghue Martha , Casak Sandra , Mushti Sirisha , Cheng Joyce , Jiang Xiling , Liu Jiang , Zhao Hong , Khazraee Maryam , Goldberg Kirsten B. , Theoret Marc , Lemery Steven , Pazdur Richard , Fashoyin-Aje Lola 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

On June 10, 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved nivolumab (OPDIVO; Bristol Myers Squibb, New York, NY) for the treatment of patients with unresectable advanced, recurrent, or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after prior fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-based chemotherapy. Approval was based on the results of a single, randomized, active-control study (ATTRACTION-3) that randomized patients to receive nivolumab or investigator's choice of taxane chemotherapy (docetaxel or paclitaxel). The study demonstrated a significant improvement in overall survival (OS; hazard ratio = 0.77; 95% confidence interval: 0.62–0.96; p = .0189) with an estimated median OS of 10.9 months in the nivolumab arm compared with 8.4 months in the chemotherapy arm. Overall, fewer patients in the nivolumab arm experienced treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) of any grade, grade 3–4 TEAEs, and serious adverse events compared with the control arm. The safety profile of nivolumab in patients with ESCC was generally similar to the known safety profile of nivolumab in other cancer types with the following exception: esophageal fistula was identified as a new, clinically significant risk in patients with ESCC treated with nivolumab. Additionally, the incidence of pneumonitis was higher in the ESCC population than in patients with other cancer types who are treated with nivolumab. This article summarizes the FDA review of the data supporting the approval of nivolumab for the treatment of ESCC.

Implications for Practice
The approval of nivolumab for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable advanced, recurrent, or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after prior fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-based chemotherapy was based on an overall survival (OS) benefit from a randomized, open-label, active-controlled study called ATTRACTION-3. Prior to this study, no drug or combination regimen had demonstrated an OS benefit in a randomized study for patients with ESCC after prior fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-based chemotherapy.
Sixty seconds about each student–studying qualitative and quantitative differences in teachers’ knowledge and perceptions of their students
Authors: Jager Lieke , Denessen Eddie , Cillessen Antonius H. N. , Meijer Paulien C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study explored the content and nature of teachers’ knowledge and perceptions of their students. The knowledge and perceptions of seven Dutch secondary school teachers regarding the same 33 students in one second-year school class were studied. Each teacher was invited to tell (in 60 s per student) how he/she perceived and what he/she knew about, each individual student. Interview data were analysed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Results showed within- and between-teacher differences in the content, amount and evaluative nature of their knowledge and perceptions. In addition, there were within- and between-student differences in how their teachers knew and perceived them. The results suggest that teachers’ knowledge and perceptions of their students varies per teacher-student combination and substantiate an interpersonal nature of teachers’ knowledge and perceptions. To understand the function of teachers’ knowledge and perceptions of students for teaching, future research should focus on how different knowledge and perceptions lead to differential educational trajectories for individual or specific groups of students.
Realism, reliability, and epistemic possibility: on modally interpreting the Benacerraf–Field challenge
Authors: Topey Brett 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA Benacerraf–Field challenge is an argument intended to show that common realist theories of a given domain are untenable: such theories make it impossible to explain how we’ve arrived at the truth in that domain, and insofar as a theory makes our reliability in a domain inexplicable, we must either reject that theory or give up the relevant beliefs. But there’s no consensus about what would count here as a satisfactory explanation of our reliability. It’s sometimes suggested that giving such an explanation would involve showing that our beliefs meet some modal condition, but realists have claimed that this sort of modal interpretation of the challenge deprives it of any force: since the facts in question are metaphysically necessary and so obtain in all possible worlds, it’s trivially easy, even given realism, to show that our beliefs have the relevant modal features. Here I show that this claim is mistaken—what motivates a modal interpretation of the challenge in the first place also motivates an understanding of the relevant features in terms of epistemic possibilities rather than metaphysical possibilities, and there are indeed epistemically possible worlds where the facts in question don’t obtain.
When it comes to cyber security, ignorance isn't bliss – it's negligence
Authors: Sangster Mark 
Published: December 2020

Given the rise of cybercrime targeting many small to medium-sized businesses (SMBs), the vast majority find themselves completely unprepared, having laboured under the misguided belief that they are too small to become a target of cybercrime. Rather than being too big to fail, they think they are too small to be noticed. The rise of cybercrime targeting small to medium-sized businesses (SMBs) has left many of them unprepared, believing they are too small to be a target. Most SMBs are left in the dark as to their actual risk and ignore the threat until it's too late. By failing to understand their true cyber risk, these firms often neglect their obligations and spending when it comes to preventing cyber breaches. One solution may be to turn to managed detection and response (MDR) providers, but this requires care, explains Mark Sangster of eSentire.
Processes of academisation in higher music education: the case of Sweden
Authors: Johansson Karin , Georgii-Hemming Eva 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigher music education (HME) in Europe is multifaceted due to the great variety of legal frameworks, conservatory histories and practices. However, following the Bologna declaration in 1999, traditional conservatories are gradually transforming into research-based institutions, which means combining advanced performer training with artistic research. After a background on academisation in the higher education of classical, professional musicians, this article reports on a Swedish case study of meanings assigned to academisation in HME. Findings show that it is defined and justified as a quality development project, which requires adaptation and also gives opportunities for further development. Issues of agency in HME are discussed.
ALLY, CLIENT, OR OUTPOST? EVALUATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN XUNANTUNICH AND NARANJO IN THE LATE CLASSIC PERIOD
Authors: Awe Jaime J. , Helmke Christophe , Slocum Diane , Tilden Douglas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInvestigations at Xunantunich indicate that this major Belize River Valley site rose rapidly to regional prominence during the Late Classic Hats' Chaak phase (a.d. 670–780). While the social, political, and economic reasons for Xunantunich's relatively late and rapid rise are still not fully understood, it has been suggested that this ascent was a direct result of either a patron-client relationship with, or owing to direct control by, the larger primary center of Naranjo in neighboring Guatemala. In this paper, we evaluate previous arguments for this proposed dynamic relationship between the two sites, and we discuss the political implications of more recently acquired data in our assessment of this relationship.
Drumming and Dancing in Mahābhārata Performances of the Himalayas: Possession as Transitional States
Authors: ALTER ANDREW 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis article considers the nexus that exists between drumming, dancing, and possession within the Pāndavalīlā, and draws on the work of Judith Becker (2004) to interpret the performance of possession as a theatre of transition. Most notably, while drumming effectively inspires possessed states, these are of different kinds and different orders. Performances like those of the Pāndavalīlā rely not only on altered states of consciousness in some form, but also on the performance of those altered states of being. Consequently, a broader focus on the transitional stages of possession as outlined through drumming admits a wider acknowledgement of the different forms and purposes of possession. Critically, drum patterns offer a metaphor for understanding the numerous levels of transition that operate within a Pāndavalīlā.
Creating a regular array of metal-complexing molecules on an insulator surface at room temperature
Authors: Aeschlimann Simon , Bauer Sebastian V. , Vogtland Maximilian , Stadtmüller Benjamin , Aeschlimann Martin , Floris Andrea , Bechstein Ralf , Kühnle Angelika 
Published: December 2020

AbstractControlling self-assembled nanostructures on bulk insulators at room temperature is crucial towards the fabrication of future molecular devices, e.g., in the field of nanoelectronics, catalysis and sensor applications. However, at temperatures realistic for operation anchoring individual molecules on electrically insulating support surfaces remains a big challenge. Here, we present the formation of an ordered array of single anchored molecules, dimolybdenum tetraacetate, on the (10.4) plane of calcite (CaCO3). Based on our combined study of atomic force microscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations, we show that the molecules neither diffuse nor rotate at room temperature. The strong anchoring is explained by electrostatic interaction of an ideally size-matched molecule. Especially at high coverage, a hard-sphere repulsion of the molecules and the confinement at the calcite surface drives the molecules to form locally ordered arrays, which is conceptually different from attractive linkers as used in metal-organic frameworks. Our work demonstrates that tailoring the molecule-surface interaction opens up the possibility for anchoring individual metal-complexing molecules into ordered arrays.
The SARS-CoV-2 RNA–protein interactome in infected human cells
Authors: Schmidt Nora , Lareau Caleb A. , Keshishian Hasmik , Ganskih Sabina , Schneider Cornelius , Hennig Thomas , Melanson Randy , Werner Simone , Wei Yuanjie , Zimmer Matthias , Ade Jens , Kirschner Luisa , Zielinski Sebastian , Dölken Lars , Lander Eric S. , Caliskan Neva , Fischer Utz , Vogel Jörg , Carr Steven A. , Bodem Jochen , Munschauer Mathias 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCharacterizing the interactions that SARS-CoV-2 viral RNAs make with host cell proteins during infection can improve our understanding of viral RNA functions and the host innate immune response. Using RNA antisense purification and mass spectrometry, we identified up to 104 human proteins that directly and specifically bind to SARS-CoV-2 RNAs in infected human cells. We integrated the SARS-CoV-2 RNA interactome with changes in proteome abundance induced by viral infection and linked interactome proteins to cellular pathways relevant to SARS-CoV-2 infections. We demonstrated by genetic perturbation that cellular nucleic acid-binding protein (CNBP) and La-related protein 1 (LARP1), two of the most strongly enriched viral RNA binders, restrict SARS-CoV-2 replication in infected cells and provide a global map of their direct RNA contact sites. Pharmacological inhibition of three other RNA interactome members, PPIA, ATP1A1, and the ARP2/3 complex, reduced viral replication in two human cell lines. The identification of host dependency factors and defence strategies as presented in this work will improve the design of targeted therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.
Ferrocenium Ions as Catalysts: Decomposition Studies and Counteranion Influence on Catalytic Activity
Authors: Bauer Eike B. , Jurkowski Kellsie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCatalyst decomposition has a negative effect on catalytic activity, and knowledge of decomposition pathways can assist with catalyst development. Ferrocenium cations have been employed as catalysts in a number of organic transformations, and we investigated the stability of a number of ferrocenium salts in solution. The observed rate decomposition constants for [Fc]Cl, [Fc]PF6, [Fc]BF4, [Fc]CSA [Fc = ferrocenium, CSA = camphor-10-sulfonate (β)], [AcFc]SbF6, (AcFc = acetylated ferrocene), and [FcB(OH)2]SbF6 [FcB(OH)2 = ferrocenylboronic acid] were determined in CH2Cl2 solution by time-resolved UV-vis spectroscopy. The rate decomposition constants depended on the nature of the counterion, with [Fc]Cl being the most stable complex in solution. The decomposition rate constants dropped by roughly an order of magnitude in most cases when the experiments were performed in nitrogenated solvent, demonstrating that the decomposition is mainly an oxidative process. The cosolvent HFIP (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol) slowed the decomposition of the ferrocenium cations as well. Many catalytic or stoichiometric reactions of ferrocenium cations are performed with alcohols; we determined that hexan-1-ol is decomposed over the course of 16 hours, but not oxidized in the presence of a ferrocenium cation. Finally, the different ferrocenium cations were employed in a test reaction to determine catalytic activity. The nucleophilic substitution of hydroxyl groups in a tertiary propargylic alcohol by an alcohol is catalyzed by all complexes, and, again, a counterion dependency of the catalytic activity was observed. Also, HFIP increases the catalytic activity of the ferrocenium cations. The research has importance in the development of ferrocenium-based catalyst systems, because changes in the counterion as well as the architecture of the ferrocenium cation have an influence on stability and catalytic activity.
Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,6]- and [1,8]naphthyridines by Alkyne-Carbonyl Metathesis
Authors: Ehlers Peter , Langer Peter , Ponce Marian Blanco , Parpart Silvio , Villinger Alexander , Rodríguez Eugenio Torres 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA concise and modular synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,6]- and [1,8]naphthyridines by a one-pot two-step reaction consisting of electrophilic acylation followed by an alkyne-carbonyl-metathesis reaction as the final cyclization step is reported. This developed synthetic methodology allows the facile synthesis of these heterocyclic core structures in mainly high overall yields under metal-free conditions. Reaction conditions are carefully optimized and display a novel supplement to access these tricyclic heterocyclic compounds.
Dynamics of a gas bubble during fluid decompression at a constant rate
Authors: Davydov M N , Chernov A A , Pil’nik A A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The bubble growth process in a magmatic melt during decompression at a constant rate under various conditions is numerically studied. The effect of the formation of a narrow boundary layer with a high viscosity around the bubble, which significantly changes the dynamics of the bubble, is taken into account. It is shown that, at a low initial pressure in the medium, in the bubble high pressure is maintained throughout the calculation time. In the case of long decompression time, the final bubble radius is bigger than in the case with small decompression time. This effect can be associated with different dynamics of the medium viscosity in a narrow boundary layer around the bubble.
Heat and mass transfer crisis in a metal hydride reactor
Authors: Dunikov D O , Borzenko V I , Blinov D V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We present a simple lumped mathematical model of hydrogen absorption in a metal hydride reactor with a constant flow rate (sub-critical regime) and use it to predict a heat and mass transfer crisis in the reactor. To verify the model we compare calculations with the experiment on hydrogen absorption in the reactor filled with 5 kg of LaNi4.8Mn0.3Fe0.1 alloy with a hydrogen flow rate of 60 stL/min. The analytical model predicts the heat and mass transfer crisis with good precision.
Experimental modelling of mass transfer of boric acid with steam at parameters characteristic for VVER reactors in emergency mode
Authors: Sakhipgareev A R , Shlepkin A S , Morozov A V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper presents experimental data obtained during the study of the mass transfer of boric acid with steam at a pressure of 0.1-0.3 MPa in the concentration range of 16-440 gkg−1 H2O. The volatility of boric acid in a range of parameters typical for a possible emergency at the VVER nuclear power plants (NPPs) was studied using the test facility. As a result, new experimental data on the change in the concentration of boric acid in steam during its boiling were obtained. The range of applicability of the dependence for determining the distribution coefficient of H3BO3 between the steam and the boiling coolant has been expanded.
Shadow streak methods for studying the interaction of relativistic electron beams with polymer targets in the high-current generator diode
Authors: Kazakov E D , Kalinin Yu G , Krutikov D I , Kurilo A A , Yu Orlov M , Strizhakov Mikhail G , Yu Shashkov A , Tkachenko S I 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
When a high-current relativistic electron beam interacts with the polymer surface, plasma forms. The results of a plasma dynamics study in vacuum diode using laser shadow photography, including the effect of atypically rapid propagation of the glow, are presented. Experiments were carried out on the high current generator «Calamary». Series of the experiments to study the plasma propagation along the diode axis and in the transverse direction in different cross sections were performed. The results were discussed and possible ways to continue research were considered.
A neural network algorithm for extracting pharmacological information from russian-language internet reviews on drugs
Authors: Sboev A G , Sboeva S G , Gryaznov A V , Evteeva A V , Rybka R B , Silin M S 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The paper presents a neural network algorithm for analyzing online user reviews of drugs. The algorithm was validated on specially prepared and annotated corpora. The basis of the algorithm is a neural network model combining convolution and recurrent layers, context-dependent vector representations of words, conditional random fields and additional features of words obtained from different dictionaries. The proposed model showed accuracies comparable to the state-of-the-art results for this task on the corpora for other languages.
Development of a neural network model for controlling the process of dosing bulk food masses
Authors: Blagoveshchenskaya M M , Blagoveshchenskiy V G , Rogelio Santos Counihan Mario , Petryakov A N 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The current problem of automatic control of the process of dosing bulk food masses is considered and analyzed on the basis of the development of a mathematical model using the apparatus of artificial neural networks. The purpose of this work is to obtain recommendations for using a neural network model with a PID controller.
A New SAR Imaging Method for Sparse Field Traget
Authors: Zhang Pan , Huang Yi , Jin Zhonghe 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Satellite borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has become an indispensable means of earth observation because of its ability of all-weather, all-weather and global observation. However, at present, the space borne SAR still has the characteristics of large volume and high cost. In recent years, the vigorous development of micro satellite field has also promoted the research of small, intelligent and distributed cooperative imaging field of space borne SAR. The traditional spaceborne SAR imaging method is to process the echo of the received LFM signal in the two-dimensional pulse compression domain. Due to the targets in the ocean are usually sparsed, it is an effective method to detect the region of interest and targets by analyzing the echo and transform domain. In this paper, the method of azimuth pulse compression is used to realize the fast perception and imaging of sparse field targets. Through comparative analysis, it can be seen that the method has a greater improvement in resource and time consumption performance compared with the traditional method.
Comprehensive evaluation of urbanization development quality in Four East China Provinces
Authors: Yang J , Han M M , Yao H M , Liu T , Wang Y H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Urbanization is an inevitable route to modernization for any nation, its developing level is also a major sign of the prosperity of the country. However, the development of urbanization in China is rather fast but the quality of development is not high, and there are several problems in the development of urbanization with a large number of farmers swarming into the nearby city. Therefore, the main goal of urbanization in the new era is to speed up the urbanization of agricultural transfer population and improve the construction of urban basic security system. An attempt is made in this paper to construct a new evaluation index system of urbanization, and quantitatively analyze the development quality of urbanization in Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces by factor analysis using SPSS software. It is noteworthy to mention that at present, the factors such as the education level of the transferred population and the basic guarantee system of the city are important obstacles in the development of urbanization. In view of this, several countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from four aspects viz., promoting the development of industrial integration, strengthening the construction of urban infrastructure, overall planning and improving the urban and rural security system, and speeding up the education for the whole people.
Study on soft sensing method of plant growth water demand information based on RBF neural network
Authors: Li M , Tian L G , Zhang J Y , Duan H L 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As one of the important factors in the process plant growth and development, water plays a very important role. Plant water potential is one of the important indexes to characterize plant water physiological characteristics. To obtain the accurate plant water potential, and then get the plant growth water demand information, can better guide the plant precision irrigation. Based on the soft sensing and artificial intelligence technology, the soft sensing model of plant growth water demand information based on RBF neural network is established and simulated. The simulation results show that the method has a high estimation accuracy and can measure and predict the water demand information of plant growth.