bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining correlative and mechanistic niche models with human activity data to elucidate the invasive potential of a sub‐Antarctic insect
Authors: Pertierra Luis R. , Bartlett Jesamine C. , Duffy Grant A. , Vega Greta C. , Hughes Kevin A. , Hayward Scott A. L. , Convey Peter , Olalla‐Tarraga Miguel A. , Aragón P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimCorrelative species distribution models (SDMs) are subject to substantial spatio‐temporal limitations when historical occurrence records of data‐poor species provide incomplete and outdated information for niche modelling. Complementary mechanistic modelling techniques can, therefore, offer a valuable contribution to underpin more physiologically informed predictions of biological invasions, the risk of which is often exacerbated by climate change. In this study we integrate physiological and human pressure data to address the uncertainties and limitations of correlative SDMs and to better understand, predict and manage biological invasions.LocationWestern archipelagos of the Southern Ocean and martime Antarctica.TaxonEretmoptera murphyi (Chironomidae), invertebrates.MethodsMahalanobis Distances were used for correlative SDM construction for a species with few records. A mechanistic SDM was built around different fitness components (larval survival and life stage progression) as a function of temperature. SDM predictions were combined with human activity levels in Antarctica to generate a site vulnerability index to the assess colonization risk of E. murphyi. Future scenarios of ecophysiological suitability were built around the warming trends in the region.ResultsBoth SDMs converge to predict high environmental suitability in the species' native and introduced ranges. However, the mechanistic model indicates a slightly larger invasive potential based on larval performance at different temperatures. Human activity levels across the Antarctic Peninsula play a key role in discerning site vulnerabilities. Niche suitability in Antarctica grows considerably under long‐term climate scenarios, leading to a substantially higher invasive threat to the Antarctic ecosystems. In turn changing conditions result in growing physiological mismatches with the environment in the native range in South Georgia.Main conclusionsLong‐term studies of invasion potential under climate benefit from integrating correlative predictions with physiological experiments, as the invasion potential varies depending on the area and the timescale examined. This study also highlights a conservation paradox whereby the accidental introduction of an insect represents a threat to the Antarctic ecoystems that contrasts with its endangered status at the native range.
Molecular characterization and expression analysis of two crucial MAPKs‐ jnk1 and erk1 as cellular signal transducers in Labeo rohita in response to PAMPs stimulation and pathogenic invasion
Authors: Sadangi Sushmita , Mohanty Arpita , Paichha Mahismita , Samanta Mrinal 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are crucial Ser/Thr protein kinases that play important roles in innate immunity by converting extracellular stimuli into a wide range of cellular responses, including the production of cytokines. In this study, two MAPK genes, jnk1 and erk1, were cloned and characterized in rohu (Labeo rohita), a commercially important freshwater fish species in the Indian subcontinent. In healthy rohu, both jnk1 and erk1 gene expressions were highest in the spleen as compared to gill, liver, blood and kidney tissues. In vitro stimulation of the L. rohita gill (LRG) cell line with γ‐D‐glutamyl‐meso‐diaminopimelic acid, muramyl dipeptide and polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) resulted in significantly enhanced expressions of jnk1 and erk1 genes. In the in vivo experiments, jnk1 and erk1 gene expressions were also enhanced in lipopolysaccharides and poly I:C‐treatment. Infection of rohu fingerlings with Aeromonas hydrophila and Bacillus subtilis revealed significantly enhanced expressions of the jnk1 and erk1 genes in all of the tested organs/tissues. Together these results imply the important role of jnk1 and erk1 genes in fish during pathogenic invasion and diseases.
Diet composition of starry smooth‐hound Mustelus asterias and methodological considerations for assessing the trophic level of predatory fish
Authors: McCully Phillips Sophy R. , Grant Alastair , Ellis Jim R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe stomach contents of 640 starry smooth‐hound Mustelus asterias from the north‐east Atlantic were examined. The diet was dominated by crustaceans (98.8% percentage of index of relative importance, %IRI), with the two main prey species being hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus (34% IRI) and flying crab Liocarcinus holsatus (15% IRI). Ontogenetic dietary preferences showed that smaller individuals [20–69 cm total length (LT) n = 283] had a significantly lower diversity of prey than larger individuals (70–124 cm LT, n = 348); however, 18 prey species were found exclusively in smaller individuals and eight prey taxa were found exclusively in larger individuals. Larger commercially important brachyurans such as edible crab Cancer pagurus and velvet swimming crab Necora puber were more prevalent in the diet of larger individuals. Specimens from the North Sea ecoregion had a lower diversity of prey types for a given sample size than fish from the Celtic Seas ecoregion. Whilst cumulative prey curves did not reach an asymptote, this was primarily due to the high taxonomic resolution utilized and 95% of the diet was described by just seven crustacean taxa. The trophic level (TL) was calculated as 4.34 when species‐level prey categories were used. This fine‐scale taxonomic resolution resulted in a TL estimate close to a whole level above that estimated using wider taxonomic groupings. This large bias has important methodological implications for TL studies based on categorized prey data, particularly those of predatory fish.
Cell polarity: Regulators and mechanisms in plants
Authors: Yang Kezhen , Wang Lu , Le Jie , Dong Juan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCell polarity plays an important role in a wide range of biological processes in plant growth and development. Cell polarity is manifested as the asymmetric distribution of molecules, for example, proteins and lipids, at the plasma membrane and/or inside of a cell. Here, we summarize a few polarized proteins that have been characterized in plants and we review recent advances towards understanding the molecular mechanism for them to polarize at the plasma membrane. Multiple mechanisms, including membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal activities, and protein phosphorylation, and so forth define the polarized plasma membrane domains. Recent discoveries suggest that the polar positioning of the proteo‐lipid membrane domain may instruct the formation of polarity complexes in plants. In this review, we highlight the factors and regulators for their functions in establishing the membrane asymmetries in plant development. Furthermore, we discuss a few outstanding questions to be addressed to better understand the mechanisms by which cell polarity is regulated in plants.
Local modulation of the Wnt/β‐catenin and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) pathways recapitulates rib defects analogous to cerebro‐costo‐mandibular syndrome
Authors: Turner Benedict R. H. , Itasaki Nobue 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRibs are seldom affected by developmental disorders, however, multiple defects in rib structure are observed in the spliceosomal disease cerebro‐costo‐mandibular syndrome (CCMS). These defects include rib gaps, found in the posterior part of the costal shaft in multiple ribs, as well as missing ribs, shortened ribs and abnormal costotransverse articulations, which result in inadequate ventilation at birth and high perinatal mortality. The genetic mechanism of CCMS is a loss‐of‐function mutation in SNRPB, a component of the major spliceosome, and knockdown of this gene in vitro affects the activity of the Wnt/β‐catenin and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) pathways. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether altering these pathways in vivo can recapitulate rib gaps and other rib abnormalities in the model animal. Chick embryos were implanted with beads soaked in Wnt/β‐catenin and BMP pathway modulators during somitogenesis, and incubated until the ribs were formed. Some embryos were harvested in the preceding days for analysis of the chondrogenic marker Sox9, to determine whether pathway modulation affected somite patterning or chondrogenesis. Wnt/β‐catenin inhibition manifested characteristic rib phenotypes seen in CCMS, including rib gaps (P < 0.05) and missing ribs (P < 0.05). BMP pathway activation did not cause rib gaps but yielded missing rib (P < 0.01) and shortened rib phenotypes (P < 0.05). A strong association with vertebral phenotypes was also noted with BMP4 (P < 0.001), including scoliosis (P < 0.05), a feature associated with CCMS. Reduced expression of Sox9 was detected with Wnt/β‐catenin inhibition, indicating that inhibition of chondrogenesis precipitated the rib defects in the presence of Wnt/β‐catenin inhibitors. BMP pathway activators also reduced Sox9 expression, indicating an interruption of somite patterning in the manifestation of rib defects with BMP4. The present study demonstrates that local inhibition of the Wnt/β‐catenin and activation of the BMP pathway can recapitulate rib defects, such as those observed in CCMS. The balance of Wnt/β‐catenin and BMP in the somite is vital for correct rib morphogenesis, and alteration of the activity of these two pathways in CCMS may perturb this balance during somite patterning, leading to the observed rib defects.
“Wow I had no idea”—How job rotation is experienced by nurses caring for elective orthopaedic patients: A qualitative study
Authors: Halberg Nina , Assafi Lone , Kammersgård Gitte , Jensen Pia Søe 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore gains and impacts of job rotation through the experiences of involved nursing personnel responsible for different parts of care during the elective orthopaedic patient's pathway.BackgroundWhen patients undergo elective orthopaedic surgery, they encounter nurses from different wards. So far, job rotation has only been described through the experiences of the job rotating nurses. This study includes all involved nursing personnel and bases the job rotation on the pathway of the elective orthopaedic patient.DesignThis study has an exploratory‐descriptive and qualitative approach and follows the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines.MethodA total of nine focus groups including 16 informants were conducted before, during and after a 5‐month trial period. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe findings show that existing work structures and work content combined with a lack of a common understanding of the job rotation impacted the expectations of the nursing personnel regarding (in)dependence, individual and collegial involvement and investment, as well as the collegial belongingness expressed through terminologies of “home” and “culture.” The personal gains among the job rotating nurses showed increased knowledge, skills and influence. When knowledge was shared and exchanged, the job rotating nurses became “cultural translators” of the care to the elective orthopaedic patient.ConclusionsThis study shows personal gains among the job rotating nurses through increased knowledge, skills and influence as well as collegial gains by sharing and exchanging knowledge. When this exchange was utilised, the job rotation was evaluated positively, and contrary, when not utilised the job rotation had a negative impact on the work environment.Relevance to clinical practiceJob rotation among nurses following the care of the patient's pathway can be a way of promoting patient safety and quality through increased knowledge across wards by including every aspect and element of the patient's pathway.
“A privilege but also a challenge.” Nurse educators' perceptions about teaching fundamental care in a simulated learning environment: A qualitative study
Authors: Lillekroken Daniela 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore nurse educators' perceptions about teaching fundamental care to undergraduate nursing students in a simulated learning environment.BackgroundRecent research has demonstrated that fundamental care is overlooked in nursing education, resulting in little empirical research on how to teach fundamental care within a simulated learning environment.DesignThe study has a qualitative, explorative design. The principles of consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) were applied for reporting the methods and findings.MethodsData were collected through participant observations and focus group interviews with nursing students, clinical nurses and nurse educators. The data were analysed using the qualitative content analysis method.ResultsThe core category “A privilege but also a challenge” represents the overall perception of nurse educators' perceptions about teaching fundamental care in a simulated learning environment. The core category is supported by two subcategories: “Fundamental care is important to nursing education” and “To set a good example,” which represent the attributes and the role nurse educators have in helping students achieve their fundamental care learning outcomes.ConclusionsFundamental care can be taught to students by engaging them in an interplay between lectures and learning activities that are designed to enhance their skills during simulations in simulated learning environments.Relevance to clinical practiceNursing education should prepare students to develop the skills they will be applying when providing fundamental care in real life; thus, the students should learn how to deliver high‐quality fundamental care.
Effects of Piper sarmentosum extract supplementation on growth performances and rumen fermentation and microflora characteristics in goats
Authors: Zhou Luli , Wang Dingfa , Hu Haichao , Zhou Hanlin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study was carried out to investigate the effect of diet Piper sarmentosum extract (PSE) on the growth performance, antioxidant properties, rumen fermentation and microflora in goats. Forty Hainan black goats with similar body weight were divided into four groups with supplementation of PSE in the concentrate at 0, 300, 600 and 1,200 mg/kg, respectively, and fed for 56 days. Results showed that average daily gain (ADG) was higher and feed intake/body gain (F/G) was lower in goats fed with PSE at 300 mg/kg (p < .05). The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) in the serum of goats differed among treatments and were greatest linearly when PSE was added at 1,200 mg/kg (p < .05). The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum of goats differed among treatments and was lowest linearly when PSE was added at 1,200 mg/kg (p < .05). The level of protozoal protein in the rumen of goats differed among treatments and was lowest linearly when PSE was added at 1,200 mg/kg (p < .05). The concentrations of ruminal acetic acid and valeric acid and the ratio of acetate to propionate were reduced with PSE supplementation (p < .05). Protozoa, fungi, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes contents differed among treatments and were lowest linearly when PSE was added at 1,200 mg/kg (p < .05). Thus, supplementation of PSE at 300–1,200 mg/kg to goat concentrate is recommended for improving antioxidative ability and rumen efficiency and reducing protozoal content of goat.
Phylogeny, biogeography, and morphological ancestral character reconstruction in the Mediterranean genus Fumana (Cistaceae)
Authors: Carrió Elena , Engelbrecht Meike , García‐Fayos Patricio , Güemes Jaime 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFumana is a diverse genus of the Cistaceae family, consisting of 21 currently accepted species. In this study, nuclear (ITS) and plastid (matK, trnT‐L) molecular markers were used to reconstruct the phylogeny and to estimate divergence times, including 19 species of Fumana. Phylogenetic analyses (Bayesian Inference, Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood) confirmed the monophyly of Fumana and did not support the infrageneric divisions previously established. The results support four main clades that group species that differ in vegetative and reproductive characters. Given the impossibility to define morphological characters common to all species within the clades, our proposal is to reject infrageneric divisions. Molecular dating and ancestral area analyses provide evidence for a Miocene diversification of the genus in the north‐western Mediterranean. Ancestral state reconstructions revealed ancestral character states for some traits related to xeric and arid habitats, suggesting a preadaptation to the Mediterranean climate.
Detection ofBartonellaspp. in dogs after infection withRickettsia rickettsii
Authors: Lashnits Erin , Neupane Pradeep , Maggi Ricardo G. , Linder Keith E. , Bradley Julie M. , Balakrishnan Nandhakumar , Southern Brittany L. , McKeon Gabriel P. , Chandrashekar Ramaswamy , Breitschwerdt Edward B. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDynamics of infection byBartonellaandRickettsiaspecies, which are epidemiologically associated in dogs, have not been explored in a controlled setting.ObjectivesDescribe an outbreak investigation of occultBartonellaspp. infection among a group of dogs, discovered after experimentally inducedRickettsia rickettsii(Rr) infection.AnimalsSix apparently healthy purpose‐bred Beagles obtained from a commercial vendor.MethodsRetrospective and prospective study. Dogs were serially tested forBartonellaspp. andRrusing serology, culture, and PCR, over 3 study phases: 3 months before inoculation withRr(retrospective), 6 weeks after inoculation withRr(retrospective), and 8 months of follow‐up (prospective).ResultsBeforeRrinfection, 1 dog wasBartonella henselae(Bh)immunofluorescent antibody assay (IFA) seroreactive and 1 wasRickettsiaspp. IFA seroreactive. After inoculation withRr, all dogs developed mild Rocky Mountain spotted fever compatible with low‐doseRrinfection, seroconverted toRickettsiaspp. within 4‐11 days, and recovered within 1 week. When 1 dog developed ear tip vasculitis with intra‐lesionalBh, an investigation ofBartonellaspp. infection was undertaken. All dogs had seroconverted to 1‐3Bartonellaspp. between 7 and 18 days afterRrinoculation. Between 4 and 8 months afterRrinoculation,BhDNA was amplified from multiple tissues from 2 dogs, andBartonella vinsoniisubsp.berkhoffii(Bvb) DNA was amplified from 4 of 5 dogs' oral swabs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceVector‐borne disease exposure was demonstrated in research dogs from a commercial vendor. Despite limitations, our results support the possibilities of recrudescence of chronic subclinicalBartonellaspp. infection afterRrinfection and horizontal direct‐contact transmission between dogs.
Trainee‐environment interactions that stimulate motivation: A rich pictures study
Authors: van der Goot Wieke E. , Cristancho Sayra M. , de Carvalho Filho Marco Antonio , Jaarsma A. Debbie C. , Helmich Esther 
Published: December 2019

AbstractContextStaying motivated when working and learning in complex workplaces can be challenging. When complex environments exceed trainees’ aptitude, this may reduce feelings of competence, which can hamper motivation. Motivation theories explain how intrapersonal and interpersonal aspects influence motivation. Clinical environments include additional aspects that may not fit into these theories. We used a systems approach to explore how the clinical environment influences trainees’ motivation and how they are intertwined.MethodsWe employed the rich pictures drawing method as a visual tool to capture the complexities of the clinical environment. A total of 15 trainees drew a rich picture representing a motivating situation in the workplace and were interviewed afterwards. Data collection and analysis were performed iteratively, following a constructivist grounded theory approach, using open, focused and selective coding strategies as well as memo writing. Both drawings and the interviews were used to reach our results.ResultsTrainees drew situations pertaining to tasks they enjoyed doing and that mattered for their learning or patient care. Four dimensions of the environment were identified that supported trainees’ motivation. First, social interactions, including interpersonal relationships, supported motivation through close collaboration between health care professionals and trainees. Second, organisational features, including processes and procedures, supported motivation when learning opportunities were provided or trainees were able to influence their work schedule. Third, technical possibilities, including tools and artefacts, supported motivation when tools were used to provide trainees with feedback or trainees used specific instruments in their training. Finally, physical space supported motivation when the actual setting improved the atmosphere or trainees were able to modify the environment to help them focus.ConclusionsDifferent clinical environment dimensions can support motivation and be modified to create optimal motivating situations. To understand motivational dynamics and support trainees to navigate through postgraduate medical education, we need to take all clinical environment dimensions into account.
Intraepithelial CD163+ macrophages in tongue leukoplakia biopsy: A promising tool for cancer screening
Authors: Shigeoka Manabu , Koma Yu‐ichiro , Kodama Takayuki , Nishio Mari , Akashi Masaya , Yokozaki Hiroshi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveOral leukoplakia has mixed and differing histopathological features, and it is thus difficult to reach an accurate histological diagnosis of oral leukoplakia based on a local biopsy alone. We recently demonstrated the significance of CD163+ macrophages in oral carcinogenesis. Herein we sought to determine whether CD163+ macrophages in biopsy specimens of oral leukoplakia help identify the overall histological nature of the lesion.Patients and MethodsTwenty‐six patients with tongue leukoplakia who underwent a histological examination by both a preoperative local biopsy and consecutive total excision were enrolled. We evaluated clinicopathological factors and the expression of CD163+ macrophages based on a retrospective comparison of the histological diagnostic concordance between the biopsies and excisions.ResultsSeventeen patients (diagnostic‐agreement group) were diagnosed with squamous intraepithelial lesion based on both the biopsy and the excision. Nine patients (diagnostic‐discrepancy group) were diagnosed with invasive cancer by excision, although invasive cancer was not observed in their biopsy specimens. Compared to the diagnostic‐agreement group, the diagnostic‐discrepancy group had more tongue leukoplakia with non‐homogenous or high numbers of intraepithelial CD163+ macrophages.ConclusionThe evaluation of intraepithelial CD163+ macrophages in local biopsy specimens from tongue leukoplakia patients is a promising tool for cancer screening.