bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A decentralized consensus application using blockchain ecosystem
Authors: Pujari Chetana , Muniyal Balachandra , C. B. Chandrakala 
Published: September 2020

The consensus is a critical operation of any decision-making process.
It involves a set of eligible members; whose decision need to be honored by taking their acknowledgment before making any decision. The traditional consensus process follows centralized architecture, the members need to rely on and trust this architecture. The proposed system aims to develop a secure decentralized consensus application in the untrusted environment by making use of blockchain technology along with smart contract and interplanetary file system (IPFS).
How Music AI Is Useful: Engagements with Composers, Performers and Audiences
Authors: Ben-Tal Oded , Harris Matthew Tobias , Sturm Bob L.T. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Critical but often overlooked research questions in artificial intelligence applied to music involve the impact of the results for music. How and to what extent does such research contribute to the domain of music? How are the resulting models useful for music practitioners? This article describes work arising from research engaging with composers, musicians and audiences to address such questions: two websites that make their AI models accessible to a wide audience and a professionally recorded album released to expert reviewers to gauge the plausibility of AI-generated material. The authors describe the use of their models as tools for cocreation. Evaluating AI research and music models in such ways illuminates their impact on music-making.
Performing WIKI-PIANO.NET: Strategies for Realizing Alexander Schubert's Ever-Changing Internet-Composed Piano Work
Authors: Kanga Zubin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article explores strategies for interpreting Alexander Schubert's WIKI-PIANO.NET, a composition commissioned and performed by the author in an international tour in 2018 and 2020. Schubert's score is a website, all sections of which can be edited by the public, similar to a Wikipedia page. The author's strategies for interpreting the huge range of content added to the website-score draw upon Schubert's suggestions, the interdisciplinary rigor advocated by Jennifer Walshe, Henri Bergson's theories of comedy and the author's own experience as a composer-performer. These strategies are devised so that, despite the hundreds of compositional contributors, in performance, the final piece is perceived as an “Alexander Schubert work.”
Evaluation of High-Resolution Precipitation Products over Southwest China
Authors: Nie Yanbo , Sun Jianqi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe evaluation of gridded high-resolution precipitation products (HRPPs) is important in areas with complex topography, because rain gauges that are unevenly and sparsely distributed over an area cannot effectively reflect the spatial variabilities of the precipitation and related extremes in detail. In this study, the applicability of six satellite-based precipitation products (TMPA 3B42V7, IMERG, GSMaP-Gauge, CMORPH-CRT, PERSIANN-CDR, and GPCP) and five gauge-based precipitation products (APHRODITE, CN05.1, GPCC-D, GPCC-M, and CRU) over southwest China from 1998 to 2016 is evaluated by performing a comparison with meteorological station observations. The results show that GPCC-M exhibits the best performances for annual, seasonal, and monthly precipitation, which is supported by the lowest root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) for annual and seasonal precipitation and the lowest normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE) for monthly precipitation. According to the NRMSE and critical success index (CSI), CN05.1 outperforms the other HRPPs at detecting daily precipitation; however, CN05.1 tends to overestimate the frequencies of light precipitation and underestimate the frequencies of heavy precipitation, which is reflected by the probability density function (PDF) for daily precipitation. The bias ratio (BIAS) and extreme precipitation indices show that IMERG shows numerous advantages over the other HRPPs in detecting extreme precipitation and estimating the precipitation intensity. Such results are helpful for future research on precipitation/extremes and related hydrometeorological disasters that occur throughout southwest China.
Better Me Within Randomized Trial: Faith-Based Diabetes Prevention Program for Weight Loss in African American Women
Authors: Kitzman Heather , Mamun Abdullah , Dodgen Leilani , Slater Donna , King George , King Alene , Slater J. Lee , DeHaven Mark 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: Previous DPP translations in African American women have been suboptimal. This trial evaluated a community-based participatory research developed faith-based diabetes prevention program (DPP) to improve weight loss in African American women. Design: This cluster randomized trial allocated churches to faith-based (FDPP) or standard (SDPP) DPP interventions. Setting. African American churches. Subjects. Eleven churches with 221 African American women (aged 48.8 ± 11.2 years, BMI = 36.7 ± 8.4) received the FDPP (n = 6) or SDPP (n = 5) intervention. Intervention: FDPP incorporated 5 faith-based components, including pastor involvement, into the standard DPP curriculum. The SDPP used the standard DPP curriculum. Lay health leaders facilitated interventions at church sites. Measures: Weight and biometrics were collected by blinded staff at baseline, 4- and 10-months. Analysis: A multilevel hierarchical regression model compared the FDPP and SDPP groups on outcomes. Results: FDPP and SDPP churches significantly lost weight at 10-months (overall −2.6%, p < .01). Women in FDPP churches who attended at least 15 sessions lost an additional 6.1 pounds at 4-months compared to SDPP corresponding to a 5.8% reduction at 10-months (p < .05). Both groups had significant improvements in health behaviors and biometrics. Conclusions: Faith-based and standard DPP interventions led by lay health leaders successfully improved weight, health behaviors, and chronic disease risk. However, the faith-based DPP when fully implemented met the CDC’s recommendation for weight loss for diabetes prevention in African American women.
Context Regulation of Mind Wandering in ADHD
Authors: Bozhilova Natali , Michelini Giorgia , Jones Christopher , Kuntsi Jonna , Rubia Katya , Asherson Philip 
Published: September 2020

Objective We aimed to understand the association between MW frequency and clinical measures, context regulation of MW and group differences in task performance. Method 27 adults with ADHD and 29 controls performed tasks manipulating demand on working memory and sustained attention, and recorded their MW frequency using probes. Results A significant association between MW frequency and the clinical measures was demonstrated. Along with increased MW frequency, individuals with ADHD reported decreasing MW frequency during increasing demands on working memory (context regulation), but not on sustained attention (deficient context regulation). Controls, however, maintained continuous task focus across all conditions. Group differences in task performance were no longer significant after adding MW frequency as a covariate. Conclusion Deficient context regulation during increasing demands on sustained attention suggests that sustained attention deficits may play a more important role in regulation of MW in ADHD. MW frequency might also underpin performance deficits in ADHD.
Alcohol use among older adults: A comparative study across four European countries
Authors: Rossow Ingeborg , Træen Bente 
Published: September 2020

Aims: (i) To examine whether mean consumption and prevalence of at-risk drinking are highly correlated across samples of older adults, and (ii) to explore whether sociodemographic and health characteristics of alcohol use differ across countries. Method: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in four European countries, Norway, Denmark, Belgium, and Portugal, applying identical data collection methods and survey instruments in general population samples of older adults aged 60 to 75 years. Alcohol consumption was measured as units of alcohol per week, which provided the basis for categorising the two outcome measures: abstention (0 units/week) and at-risk drinking (8+ units/week). Cross-tabulations and logistic regression models were estimated to examine associations between sociodemographic and health characteristics on the one hand and alcohol abstention and at-risk drinking on the other. Results: Prevalence of abstention was highest in Portugal and lowest in Denmark, whereas at-risk drinking was more prevalent in Denmark and Belgium compared to Norway and Portugal. Among country- and gender-specific samples of drinkers, there was a strong positive correlation between mean consumption and prevalence of at-risk drinkers. Female gender characterised abstention, whereas male gender characterised at-risk drinking in all four countries. Other sociodemographic characteristics and indicators of health and wellbeing were differently associated with abstention and at-risk drinking across the four countries. Conclusions: A strong regularity in the distribution of alcohol consumption was observed in the samples of older adults. Gender was the only common factor associated with drinking behaviour across the four countries.
Assessing the genetic diversity of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] germplasm collections using phenotypic traits and SNP markers
Authors: Nkhoma Nelia , Shimelis Hussein , Laing Mark D. , Shayanowako Admire , Mathew Isack 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundProductivity of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata(L.)Walp] in sub-Sahara Africa is curtailed by a lack of farmer-preferred and improved cultivars and modern production technologies. The objectives of the study were to determine the extent of genetic diversity present among a collection of cowpea accessions from Zambia and Malawi using phenotypic traits and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and, to select distinct and complementary parental lines for cultivar development. One hundred cowpea genotypes were evaluated for agronomic traits in two selected sites in Zambia, using a 10 × 10 alpha lattice design with two replications. Ninety-four of the test genotypes were profiled with 14,116 SNP markers.ResultsNumber of pods plant− 1(NPP), pod length (PDL), and number of seeds pod− 1(NSP), were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by genotype × environment interaction effects. Genotypes such as CP411, CP421, CP645, CP732, Chimponongo, and MS1–8–1-4 exhibited higher grain yield of > 1200 kg/ha with excellent performance in yield components such as NSP, PDL, HSW and GYD. Grain yield had significant (p < 0.05) associations with NPP (r = 0.50), NSP (r = 0.46) and PDL (r = 0.42) useful for simultaneous selection for yield improvement in cowpea. The SNP markers revealed gene diversity and polymorphic information content of 0.22 and 0.17, respectively, showing that the tested cowpea accessions were genetically diverse. Test genotypes were classified into four genetic groups irrespective of source of collection allowing selection and subsequent crosses to develop breeding populations for cultivar development.ConclusionsGenotypes Bubebe, CP411, CP421, CP645, Chimponogo and MS1–8–1-4 were identified to be the most genetically divergent and high yielding making them ideal parental lines for breeding. This study provided a baseline information and identified promising cowpea genetic resources for effective breeding and systematic conservation.
Sing4Health: protocol of a randomized controlled trial of the effects of a singing group intervention on the well-being, cognitive function and health of older adults
Authors: Galinha Iolanda Costa , Farinha Manuel , Lima Maria Luísa , Palmeira António Labisa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Singing is a multimodal activity that requires physical, cognitive and psychosocial performance, with benefits to various domains of well-being and health in older adults. In recent years, research has increasingly studied group singing as an important cost-effective intervention to promote active and healthy aging. However, the specific factors responsible for these benefits need further experimental support, as most studies do not allow for causal inferences. This study responds to the need for further randomized controlled trials (RCT), with follow-up measurement, on the benefits of group singing in older adults from a low socioeconomic background. Also, while most studies often focus on specific outcome measure dimensions, in this study, the conjoint effect of several physical, psychosocial, psychoemotional and cognitive dimensions are analyzed, testing mediation effects of psychosocial and psychoemotional variables on the well-being and health of the participants.

Methods
We implement and measure the effects of a singing group program for older adults, with an RCT crossover design study, in a natural context, before and after the intervention and in a follow-up, 6 months after the intervention.

Participants
140 retired older adults (> 60 years) users of a social support institution, will be invited to participate in a singing group program and randomly allocated to an experimental (n = 70) and a control (n = 70) group, which will enroll in the regular activities proposed by the institution. The intervention consists of 34 bi-weekly group singing sessions, of 2 h each, for 4 months. Measures on social and emotional well-being, cognitive function, and health indicators (e.g., blood pressure, glycemia, cholesterol, c-reactive protein, sedimentation rate, respiratory function, body balance, sleep quality, medication intake, and health services attendance) will be collected. Interviews will be conducted on the motivation and perceived benefits of participation.

Discussion
Significant improvements are expected in the outcome measures in the experimental group after the intervention, validating singing groups as a cost-effective intervention for healthy aging. Psychosocial and psychoemotional variables are expected to be mediators of the effects of the program in the cognitive function, well-being and health of the participants.

Trial registration
NCT03985917. Registered 14th June 2019 (retrospectively registered).
Sociodemographic, behavioral, and medical risk factors associated with visual impairment among older adults: a community-based pilot survey in Southern District of Hong Kong
Authors: WONG Perseus Wing-Fu , LAU Jordy Kin-Pong , CHOY Bonnie Nga-Kwan , SHIH Kendrick Co , NG Alex Lap-Ki , WONG Ian Yat-Hin , CHAN Jonathan Cheuk-Hung 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
The last visual survey of older adults in Hong Kong was a district-level study in 2002, with no assessment of behavioral and medical risk factors for visual impairment (VI). Our objectives were to determine the latest VI prevalence among older adults, significance of any spatial and temporal differences on the prevalence, and any associations of sociodemographic, behavioral and medical risk factors with VI from a multi-perspective analysis.

Methods
Community-based pilot survey of residents from a suburb of Hong Kong, aged ≥50, using a standardized questionnaire, was conducted in 2016.

Results
Of the 222 subjects, crude rates of bilateral and unilateral VI were 9.46 and 32.88%, respectively, or corresponding age-and-gender-adjusted rates of 6.89 and 30.5%. Older age and lower educational were associated with higher risk for unilateral VI, while older age, temporary housing, obesity and hyperlipidemia were associated with higher risk for bilateral VI. Smoking and alcohol-drinking status were not associated with unilateral or bilateral VI. Relative changes in ORs of hypertension or educational level on unilateral or bilateral VI were >  10% after adjusting for age. Interaction term between hyperlipidemia and gender or obesity was significant for unilateral VI. Gender, hypertension and cataract were not associated with unilateral or bilateral VI in general population of pooled analysis but were identified as risk factors in specific subgroups of stratified analysis. Refractive error (myopia or hyperopia) was significantly associated with VI in the eye-level analysis after adjusting the inter-eye correlation.

Conclusions
Sociodemographic and medical risk factors contributed to VI, but behavioral risk factors did not. Sociodemographic disparities of visual health existed. Age was the confounders of the VI-hypertension or VI-educational level relationships. Gender and obesity were more likely to have multiplicative effect on unilateral VI when combined with hyperlipidemia. Stratified analysis should be conducted to provide further insight into the risk factors for VI in specific populations. Uncorrected refractive error remains a significant cause of impaired vision. The spatial and temporal differences in bilateral VI prevalence from the previous local study indicates a territory-wide survey is needed to assess regional differences and overall prevalence of VI in Hong Kong.
Assessment of electronic disease early warning system for improved disease surveillance and outbreak response in Yemen
Authors: Dureab Fekri , Ahmed Kamran , Beiersmann Claudia , Standley Claire J. , Alwaleedi Ali , Jahn Albrecht 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiseases Surveillance is a continuous process of data collection, analysis interpretation and dissemination of information for swift public health action. Recent advances in health informatics have led to the implementation of electronic tools to facilitate such critical disease surveillance processes. This study aimed to assess the performance of the national electronic Disease Early Warning System in Yemen (eDEWS) using system attributes: data quality, timeliness, stability, simplicity, predictive value positive, sensitivity, acceptability, flexibility, and representativeness, based on the Centres for Disease Control & Prevention (US CDC) standard indicators.MethodsWe performed a mixed methods study that occurred in two stages: first, the quantitative data was collected from weekly epidemiological bulletins from 2013 to 2017, all alerts of 2016, and annual eDEWS reports, and then the qualitative method using in-depth interviews was carried out in a convergent strategy. The CDC guideline used to describe the following system attributes: data quality (reporting, and completeness), timeliness, stability, simplicity, predictive value positive, sensitivity, acceptability, flexibility and representativeness.ResultsThe finding of this assessment showed that eDEWS is a resilient and reliable system, and despite the conflict in Yemen, the system is still functioning and expanding. The response timeliness remains a challenge, since only 21% of all eDEWS alerts were verified within the first 24 h of detection in 2016. However, identified gaps did not affect the system’s ability to identify outbreaks in the current fragile situation. Findings show that eDEWS data is representative, since it covers the entire country. Although, eDEWS covers only 37% of all health facilities, this represents 83% of all functional health facilities in all 23 governorates and all 333 districts.ConclusionThe quality and timeliness of responses are major challenges to eDEWS’ functionality, the eDEWS remains the only system that provides regular data on communicable diseases in Yemen. In particular, public health response timeliness needs improvement.
Factors associated with current and severe pain among people living with HIV: results from a statewide sample
Authors: Joseph Verlin , Jones Abenaa , Canidate Shantrel , Mannes Zachary , Lu Huiyin , Ennis Nichole , Ibanez Gladys , Somboonwit Charurut , Cook Robert 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPeople living with HIV (PLHIV) are more likely to suffer from pain compared to the general public. Pain often clusters with mental health symptoms and substance use. This study sought to evaluate mental health and substance use factors associated with any pain and severe pain intensities among PLHIV.MethodsData were derived from HIV+ adults (N = 733) recruited from community health centers across Florida who completed questionnaires regarding demographics, chronic pain, HIV clinical outcomes, mental health symptoms, and substance use information. Pain was assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) short form. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to assess the relationship between selected covariates and pain.ResultsApproximately half (45.0%) of participants reported having any current pain while 16.1% reported severe pain. The odds of having any current pain were 2.49 (CI 95% 1.48, 4.18,p <  0.01) times greater among PLHIV reporting anxiety and 1.69 (CI 95% 1.11, 2.57,p = 0.01) times greater among PLHIV reporting PTSD compared to those without those factors. The odds of having severe pain were 2.03 (CI 95% 1.03, 4.01,p = 0.04) times greater among PLHIV reporting anxiety and 2.02 (CI 95% 1.26, 3.24,p <  0.01) times greater among female participants compared to PLHIV without those factors respectively. Factors including depression, alcohol consumption, and marijuana use were not statistically associated with any current pain nor with severe pain.ConclusionThe relationship between pain and mental health is complex. Thus, future research is needed to determine if pain treatments may reduce mental health symptoms or if treatments can be targeted to address both issues simultaneously.
Between traditional remedies and pharmaceutical drugs: prevention and treatment of “Palu” in households in Benin, West Africa
Authors: Damien Barikissou Georgia , Baxerres Carine , Apetoh Edwige , Le Hesran Jean-Yves 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn Benin, malaria clinical cases, including the larger popular entity called “Palu” are evoked when people get fever. “Palu” is often self-diagnosed and self-medicated at home. This study aimed to describe the use of herbal medicine, and/or pharmaceutical medicines for prevention and treatment of malaria at home and the factors associated with this usage.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in Benin in an urban and in a rural area in 2016. Around 600 households in each place were selected by using a random sampling of houses GPS coordinates of the families. The association between socio demographic characteristics and the use of herbal medicine was tested by using logistic regression models.ResultsIn Cotonou (urban), 43.64% of households reported using herbal or pharmaceutical medicine to prevent “Palu”, while they were 53.1% in Lobogo (rural). To treat “Palu” in Cotonou, 5.34% of households reported using herbal medicine exclusively, 33.70% pharmaceutical medicine exclusively and 60.96% reported using both. In Lobogo, 4% reported using herbal medicine exclusively, 6.78% pharmaceutical medicine exclusively and 89.22% reported using both. In Cotonou, the factors “age of respondent”, “participation to a traditional form of savings” and “low socioeconomic level of the household” were associated with the use of herbal medicine.ConclusionsThis study shows the strong use of herbal medicine to prevent “Palu” or even treat it, and in this case it is mostly associated with the use of pharmaceutical medicine. It also highlights the fact that malaria control and care seeking behaviour with herbal medicine remain closely linked to household low-income status but also to cultural behaviour. The interest of this study is mostly educational, with regards to community practices concerning “Palu”, and to the design of adapted behaviour change communication strategies. Finally, there is a need to take into account the traditional habits of populations in malaria control and define a rational and risk-free use of herbal medicine as WHO-recommended.