bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organismal Aging and Oxidants beyond Macromolecules Damage
Authors: Clement Marie‐Veronique , Luo Le 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe relationship between oxidants and organismal aging was first articulated through the free radical theory of aging. One of the major predictions of the free radical theory of aging is that oxidative stress shortens organisms’ lifespan because of an increased level of oxidants, which are damaging to macromolecules. However, challenging the role of oxidants in age‐related diseases, there is now sufficient evidence that antioxidant supplements do not provide significant health benefits. Interestingly, in addition to an increase in oxidant‐mediated macromolecules damage, there is convincing experimental data to support the role of senescent cells in the process of aging. Here, the current knowledge regarding the role of oxidants and cellular senescence in organismal aging is reviewed and it is proposed that, in addition to the role of oxidants as inducers of macromolecular damage, oxidants may also function as regulators of signaling pathways involved in the establishment of cellular senescence. If this role for oxidants is established, it may be necessary to modify the free radical theory of aging from “Organisms age because cells accumulate reactive oxygen species‐dependent damage over time” to: “Organisms age because cells accumulate oxidants’‐dependent damage and oxidants’‐dependent senescent characteristics over time.”
RNA‐based biocontrol compounds: current status and perspectives to reach the market
Authors: Taning Clauvis NT , Arpaia Salvatore , Christiaens Olivier , Dietz‐Pfeilstetter Antje , Jones Huw , Mezzetti Bruno , Sabbadini Silvia , Sorteberg Hilde‐Gunn , Sweet Jeremy , Ventura Vera , Smagghe Guy 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFacing current climate challenges and drastically reduced chemical options for plant protection, the exploitation of RNA interference (RNAi) as an agricultural biotechnology tool has unveiled possible new solutions to the global problems of agricultural losses caused by pests and other biotic and abiotic stresses. While the use of RNAi as a tool in agriculture is still limited to a few transgenic crops, and only adopted in restricted parts of the world, scientists and industry are already seeking innovations in leveraging and exploiting the potential of RNAi in the form of RNA‐based biocontrol compounds for external applications. Here, we highlight the expanding research and development pipeline, commercial landscape and regulatory environment surrounding the pursuit of RNA‐based biocontrol compounds with improved environmental profiles. The commitments of well‐established agrochemical companies to invest in research endeavours and the role of start‐up companies are crucial for the successful development of practical applications for these compounds. Additionally, the availability of standardized guidelines to tackle regulatory ambiguities surrounding RNA‐based biocontrol compounds will help to facilitate the entire commercialization process. Finally, communication to create awareness and public acceptance will be key to the deployment of these compounds. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Trends in cyclones in the high‐latitude North Atlantic during 1979–2016
Authors: Wickström S. , Jonassen M. O. , Vihma T. , Uotila P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe report an increase in winter (DJF) cyclone densities in the areas around Svalbard and in northwestern Barents Sea and a decrease in cyclone densities in southeastern Barents Sea during 1979–2016. Despite high interannual variability, the trends are significant at the 90% confidence level. The changes appear as a result of a shift into a more meridional winter storm track in the high‐latitude North Atlantic, associated with a positive trend in the Scandinavian Pattern. A significant decrease in the Brunt–Väisälä frequency east of Svalbard and a significant increase in the Eady Growth Rate north of Svalbard indicate increased baroclinicity, favouring enhanced cyclone activity in these regions. For the first time, we apply composite analysis to explicitly address regional consequences of these wintertime changes in the high‐latitude North Atlantic. We find a tendency toward a warmer and more moist atmospheric state in the Barents Sea and over Svalbard with increased cyclone activity around Svalbard.
Software reliability analysis for safety‐critical and control systems
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Singh Lalit Kumar , Kumar Chiranjeev 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe transition from analog to digital safety‐critical instrumentation and control (I&C) systems has introduced new challenges for software experts to deliver increased software reliability. Since the 1970s, researchers are continuing to propose software reliability models for reliability estimation of software. However, these approaches rely on the failure history for the assessment of reliability. Due to insufficient failure data, these models fail to predict the reliability of safety critical systems. This paper utilizes the Bayesian update methodology and proposes a framework for the reliability assessment of the safety‐critical systems (SCSs). The proposed methodology is validated using experiments performed on real data of 12 safety‐critical control systems of nuclear power plants.
Renewing Literature Circles: Pedagogies for Curated Multimodal Responses
Authors: Cloonan Anne , Paatsch Louise , Hutchison Kirsten 
Published: November 2019

AbstractContemporary students, accustomed to the agency and multimodality afforded by digital media in their out‐of‐school lives, require literature pedagogies that provide currency and appeal while furthering their understandings of literary techniques. Literature circles have long promoted student voice and choice but can lack criticality and attention to literary devices and fail to capitalize on the potential of digital technologies. The authors explore literature circle pedagogies designed to develop knowledge of literary theme and mood, highlighting multimodal responses foregrounding students’ identities. Two analytical lenses, curation and multimodality, underpin this investigation into the opportunities presented through pedagogical design. Curation, an expanded concept of text creation, is used to analyze opportunities for student displays of literary knowledge and identity through multimodal resources. Multimodal resources are understood as combinations of modes of meaning. Together, these analytical lenses offer insight into ways in which multimodal curation pedagogies enable students’ development of literary knowledge.
A review of the current quality standards framework supporting forensic science: Risks and opportunities
Authors: Doyle Sean 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe publication and implementation of the latest editions of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001:2015 and ISO/International Electrochemical Commission (IEC) 17025:2017 together with the recent publication of the first book on quality management in forensic science provide an opportunity for this review. It details the changes to the structure, content and scope of the latest editions and assesses the impact on forensic science. Key terms are defined and explained. The review examines the effectiveness of the quality standards framework (QSF) supporting forensic science in the regions of Australia and New Zealand, Europe and North America. The concept of a hierarchy is introduced as a means of classifying standards to better navigate the crowded landscape. The main body of the review identifies risks to the QSF and opportunities for improvement.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Science in Action/Crime Scene Investigation > Education and Formation
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence > Presentation and Evaluation of Forensic Science Output
Jurisprudence and Regulatory Oversight > Expert Evidence and Narrative
Forensic Biology > Interpretation of Biological Evidence
Dynamical vector resonances from the EChL in VBS at the LHC: the WW case
Authors: Delgado R.L. , Garcia-Garcia C. , Herrero M.J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this work we study the phenomenology of the process pp → W+W−jj at the LHC, in the scenario of the resonant vector boson scattering subprocess W+W−→ W+W− which we describe within the effective field theory framework of the Electroweak Chiral Lagrangian. We assume a strongly interacting electroweak symmetry breaking sector in which dynamically generated resonances with masses in the TeV scale appear as poles in the Electroweak Chiral Lagrangian amplitudes unitarized with the Inverse Amplitude Method. The relevant resonance here, V0, is the neutral component of the triplet of vector resonances which are known to emerge dynamically at the TeV scale for specific values of the Electroweak Chiral Lagrangian parameters. With the aim of studying the production and possible observation of V0 at the LHC, via the resonant W+W−→ W+W− scatter- ing, a MadGraph 5 UFO model has been developed employing a phenomenological Proca Lagrangian as a practical tool to mimic the correct V0 properties that are predicted with the Inverse Amplitude Method. We choose to study the fully hadronic decay channel of the final gauge bosons W W → J (jj)J (jj) since it leads to larger event rates and because in the alternative leptonic decay channels the presence of neutrinos complicates the re- construction of the resonance properties. In this context, the 2 boosted jets from the W hadronic decays, jj, are detected as a single fat jet, J , due to their extreme collinearity. We perform a dedicated analysis of the sensitivity to these vector resonances V0 with masses between 1.5 and 2.5 TeV at the LHC with $$ \sqrt{s} $$

s

= 13 TeV and the planned high luminosity of 3000 fb−1, paying special attention to the study of efficient cuts to extract the resonant vector boson fusion signal from the QCD background, which clearly represents the main challenge of this search.
NeQuick-G performance assessment for space applications
Authors: Montenbruck Oliver , González Rodríguez Belén 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOther than traditional single-layer ionosphere models for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers, the NeQuick-G model of Galileo provides a fully three-dimensional description of the electron density and obtains the ionospheric path delay by integration along the line of sight. While optimized for users on or near the surface of the earth, NeQuick-G can thus as well be used for ionospheric correction of single-frequency observations from spaceborne platforms. Based on slant and total electron content measurements obtained in the Swarm mission, the performance of NeQuick-G for users in low earth orbit is assessed for periods of high and low solar activity as well as different orientations of the orbital plane with respect to the sun and the region of high total electron content. A slant range correction performance of better than 70% is achieved in more than 85% of the examined epochs in good accord with the performance reported for terrestrial users. Likewise, the positioning errors can be notably reduced when applying the NeQuick-G corrections in single-frequency navigation solutions. For users at orbital altitudes, it is furthermore shown that vertical total electron predictions from NeQuick-G may be favorably combined with an elevation-dependent thick-layer mapping function to reduce the high computational effort associated with the integration of the electron density along the ray path for each tracked GNSS satellite.
Jumping with variably scaled discontinuous kernels (VSDKs)
Authors: De Marchi S. , Marchetti F. , Perracchione E. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper we address the problem of approximating functions with discontinuities via kernel-based methods. The main result is the construction of discontinuous kernel-based basis functions. The linear spaces spanned by these discontinuous kernels lead to a very flexible tool which sensibly or completely reduces the well-known Gibbs phenomenon in reconstructing functions with jumps. For the new basis we provide error bounds and numerical results that support our claims. The method is also effectively tested for approximating satellite images.
Computerized cognitive performance assessments in the Brooklyn Cognitive Impairments in Health Disparities Pilot Study
Authors: Adler Kerry , Apple Samuel , Friedlander Alison , Cheng Frank , Cohen Carl , Levine Steven R. , Lucchesi Michael , Maruff Paul , Reinhardt Michael , Salmieri Margaret , Stevens David , Weingast Sarah , Gustafson Deborah 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionDetecting cognitive impairment in diverse, health disparities communities is an urgent health care priority.MethodsThe Brooklyn Cognitive Impairments in Health Disparities Pilot Study investigated quantitative aspects and liking of a computerized cognitive performance assessment, Cognigram, among individuals ≥ 40 years in traditional and nontraditional primary care settings.ResultsCognigram was piloted in the Emergency Department, Family Medicine, and Geriatric Psychiatry clinics: 58 adults (23 men, 35 women), 67.9 ± 9.8 years (range 43–91), completed the Cognigram and 5‐item liking survey. The observed liking range was 2 to maximum score 5 (67% scored 4–5; no sex or age differences).DiscussionThe Cognigram was well liked in waiting rooms of primary care settings. Assistance from a trained adult and clinic endorsement were keys to success. How the Cognigram performs in a geographically compact, population‐dense global setting, such as Brooklyn with high vascular disease risk and a plethora of health disparities, is being tested.
Emergency and Disaster Preparedness of European Hospital Pharmacists: A Survey
Authors: Schumacher Laurence , Bonnabry Pascal , Widmer Nicolas 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:This study was focused on reviewing the emergency and disaster preparedness of European hospital pharmacists.Methods:An online survey based on International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) guidelines for natural disasters was sent to European hospital pharmacies, with the support of the European Association of Hospital Pharmacists. Additional questions were added about the characteristics of respondents, as well as preparedness and experience of manmade disasters. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results.Results:Hospital pharmacists in France (20%) and Spain (19%) returned most of the 306 questionnaires completed in 27 countries. Half of the respondents had analyzed their regional disaster risk, but 65% had never practiced emergency drills. Fifteen percent of respondents had experienced at least 1 major emergency or disaster event in the last 5 years. Fifty-six percent of those respondents who experienced a disaster subsequently created and promoted internal standard operating procedures (SOPs) for future emergencies, versus 23% for those who had not experienced disasters. Among pharmacists having experienced disasters, 40% organized a post-disaster debriefing to improve their future response.Conclusions:Results highlighted that most European hospital pharmacists were not fully compliant with FIP guidelines. However, respondents who had experienced disasters were more likely to create and promote SOPs for future disasters. Further worldwide analysis and benchmarking are necessary, and FIP guidelines should be more strongly promoted.
Coordination difficulties, IQ and psychopathology in children with high-risk copy number variants
Authors: Cunningham Adam C. , Hall Jeremy , Owen Michael J. , van den Bree Marianne B. M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence and impact of motor coordination difficulties in children with copy number variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (ND-CNVs) remains unknown. This study aims to advance understanding of motor coordination difficulties in children with ND-CNVs and establish relationships between intelligence quotient (IQ) and psychopathology.Methods169 children with an ND-CNV (67% male, median age = 8.88 years, range 6.02–14.81) and 72 closest-in-age unaffected siblings (controls; 55% male, median age = 10.41 years, s.d. = 3.04, range 5.89–14.75) were assessed with the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire, alongside psychiatric interviews and standardised assessments of IQ.ResultsThe children with ND-CNVs had poorer coordination ability (b = 28.98, p < 0.001) and 91% of children with an ND-CNV screened positive for suspected developmental coordination disorder, compared to 19% of controls (OR = 42.53, p < 0.001). There was no difference in coordination ability between ND-CNV genotypes (F = 1.47, p = 0.184). Poorer coordination in children with ND-CNV was associated with more attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (β = −0.18, p = 0.021) and autism spectrum disorder trait (β = −0.46, p < 0.001) symptoms, along with lower full-scale (ß = 0.21, p = 0.011), performance (β = −0.20, p = 0.015) and verbal IQ (β = 0.17, p = 0.036). Mediation analysis indicated that coordination ability was a full mediator of anxiety symptoms (69% mediated, p = 0.012), and a partial mediator of ADHD (51%, p = 0.001) and autism spectrum disorder trait symptoms (66%, p < 0.001) as well as full scale IQ (40%, p = 0.002), performance IQ (40%, p = 0.005) and verbal IQ (38%, p = 0.006) scores.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that poor motor coordination is highly prevalent and closely linked to risk of mental health disorder and lower intellectual function in children with ND-CNVs. Future research should explore whether early interventions for poor coordination ability could ameliorate neurodevelopmental risk.
Comprehension of the copula: preschoolers (and sometimes adults) ignore subject–verb agreement during sentence processing
Authors: DAVIES Benjamin , XU RATTANASONE Nan , DEMUTH Katherine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSubject–verb (SV) agreement helps listeners interpret the number condition of ambiguous nouns (The sheep is/are fat), yet it remains unclear whether young children use agreement to comprehend newly encountered nouns. Preschoolers and adults completed a forced choice task where sentences contained singular vs. plural copulas (Where is/are the [novel noun(s)]?). Novel nouns were either morphologically unambiguous (tup/tups) or ambiguous (/geks/ = singular: gex / plural: gecks). Preschoolers (and some adults) ignored the singular copula, interpreting /ks/-final words as plural, raising questions about the role of SV agreement in learners’ sentence comprehension and the status of is in Australian English.
Genetic diversity using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and screening for salinity tolerance in rice germplasm at reproductive stage
Authors: Barrera Wilfredo B. , Dela Viña Celia B. , Vispo Naireen Aiza , Singh Rakesh Kumar 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGenetic diversity is a valuable asset for crop improvement. In this study, a total of 50 rice genotypes were screened for salinity tolerance at the reproductive stage using gravel-based hydroponics, soil, controlled mini-field and field methods. Different morpho-agronomic, physiological markers and tolerance indices were used to classify tolerant and susceptible genotypes. Our results showed high genetic variability in response of rice genotypes to salinity using different screening methods. The significant effect (P < 0.01) of salinity include increased Na+ sequestration in the flag leaf, increased unfilled grains (except for the field method) and reduced pollen fertility, total yield, panicle length and the average number of filled grains per panicle. Plant height (except for the soil method) and K+ ion concentration in the flag leaf were not significantly affected by salinity (P > 0.05). Genetic diversity analysis indicated that the germplasm evaluated exhibits moderate diversity (PIC ${\overline{\bf X}}$ = 0.2085). Cluster analysis using single nucleotide polymorphisms showed that the genetic make-up of rice germplasm somehow did not necessarily indicate their over-all tolerance or susceptibility to salinity. This study proved that the controlled mini-field method is the most advantageous among the screening methods while geometric mean productivity, stress tolerance index and yield index are the tolerance indices that can be classified as better predictors of salinity tolerance considering the yield potentials of the genotypes. The genotypes Nona Bokra and Mushkan 41 can be used for breeding in the future through low Na+:K+ ratio while Damodar and Bhura Rata 4-10 for breeding salt-tolerant cultivars with higher yield potentials.
An Improved Lyman‐Alpha Composite
Authors: Machol J. , Snow M. , Woodraska D. , Woods T. , Viereck R. , Coddington O. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe hydrogen Lyman‐alpha (Lyman α) line at 121.56 nm is the strongest solar vacuum ultraviolet emission line. Especially because of the impacts on planetary atmospheres, long‐term data sets of Lyman α are important for understanding solar and atmospheric processes. A revised composite data set of daily Lyman α values beginning in 1947 is constructed using measurements of Lyman α from Atmospheric Explorer E, Solar Mesospheric Explorer, Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, and Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment. Gaps are filled using proxy models based on the Magnesium II index and the 10.7‐ and 30‐cm solar radio fluxes (F10.7 and F30).
The Entrainment Rate of Non‐Boussinesq Hazardous Geophysical Gas‐Particle Flows: An Experimental Model With Application to Pyroclastic Density Currents
Authors: Dellino P. , Dioguardi F. , Doronzo D. M. , Mele D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe entrainment rate of pyroclastic density currents is investigated by large‐scale experiments. The ground flows are initiated by the impact on the terrain of a dense gas‐particle fountain issuing from a cylindrical conduit, similarly to natural volcanic events. On impact, the excess density with respect to the surrounding atmosphere was up to 11.6 kg/m3, making the currents non‐Boussinesq. A power law model of the entrainment rate is developed, which is similar to that proposed for snow avalanches by Ancey (2004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JF000052) and is verified for the Richardson's number range between 0.25 and 5.95. Rapid changes of the entrainment are caused by (i) strong accelerations at the fountain impact on the ground; (ii) break in slope; and (iii) topographic obstacles. Such changes, together with the sedimentation rate, influence flow mobility. The use of the power law is suggested for modeling the motion of unsteady hazardous geophysical mass flows such as pyroclastic density currents and snow avalanches.