bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
#MeToo and LGBTQ+ Salvadorans: social and leadership challenges
Authors: Thompson Randal Joy , Figueroa Sofia 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to argue that the myriad social forces in El Salvador make it difficult for LGBTQ+ to publicly declare their sexual orientation or name their perpetrators and hence to use the #MeToo hashtag as a leadership strategy of their movement.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research design was used that included interviews and focus group discussions with LGBTQ+ leaders of organizations and government officials. A descriptive/interpretive approach was used to understand their experiences of being LGBTQ+, leadership approach to gain their rights and knowledge of #MeToo.FindingsAlthough the movement has contributed to the public dialog about sexual misconduct, it has not had an impact on the “coming out” of LGBTQ+ on Twitter, public exposure of offenders, improved treatment of LGBTQ+ or significant changes in employment law for LGBTQ+ Salvadorans. Rather than the celebrity-led #MeToo movement, a continuation of the more grassroots approach that Salvadoran LGBTIQ+ leaders use may more successfully achieve their protection and rights.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research should be completed regarding the impact of leadership on changing the social imaginary and the leadership approach most appropriate for this impact.Social implicationsThe study provides a case to further explore the leadership's role in changing the social imaginary.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to illustrate that #MeToo cannot be successful in all cultural contexts or with all LGBTQ+ communities and that grassroots approaches may be more appropriate in countries such as El Salvador.
Social vulnerability and infant mortality in space dimension: an investigation of the world’s most underdeveloped West Africa coastal area
Authors: Yuan Bocong , Wang Zhaoguo , Li Jiannan 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The West Africa coastal area faced with the serious health challenge is the most underdeveloped place. Through making the visualized spatial analysis of this area, this study aims to identify which factor of social vulnerability predominantly affects infant mortality.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses the spatial data available from NASA-affiliated institution and a geographic information system for analysis.

Findings
This study reveals that the Poverty and Adaptive Capacity Index, as economic aspect of social vulnerability, is spatially correlated with the infant mortality rate, whereas the Population Exposure Index, as population aspect of social vulnerability, does not. Thus, the economic rather than population factor is probably the driving force of high infant mortality.

Originality/value
This study clarifies the determinant of infant mortality in the West Africa coastal area in space dimension.
Forecasting multivariate VaR and ES using MC-GARCH-Copula model
Authors: Badaye Hemant Kumar , Narsoo Jason 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This study aims to use a novel methodology to investigate the performance of several multivariate value at risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) models implemented to assess the risk of an equally weighted portfolio consisting of high-frequency (1-min) observations for five foreign currencies, namely, EUR/USD, GBP/USD, EUR/JPY, USD/JPY and GBP/JPY.

Design/methodology/approach
By applying the multiplicative component generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (MC-GARCH) model on each return series and by modelling the dependence structure using copulas, the 95 per cent intraday portfolio VaR and ES are forecasted for an out-of-sample set using Monte Carlo simulation.

Findings
In terms of VaR forecasting performance, the backtesting results indicated that four out of the five models implemented could not be rejected at 5 per cent level of significance. However, when the models were further evaluated for their ES forecasting power, only the Student’s t and Clayton models could not be rejected. The fact that some ES models were rejected at 5 per cent significance level highlights the importance of selecting an appropriate copula model for the dependence structure.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to use the MC-GARCH and copula models to forecast, for the next 1 min, the VaR and ES of an equally weighted portfolio of foreign currencies. It is also the first study to analyse the performance of the MC-GARCH model under seven distributional assumptions for the innovation term.
Prediction of viscosity of ternary tin-based lead-free solder melt using BP neural network
Authors: Wu Min , Lv Bailin 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Viscosity is an important basic physical property of liquid solders. However, because of the very complex nonlinear relationship between the viscosity of the liquid ternary Sn-based lead-free solder and its determinants, a theoretical model for the viscosity of the liquid Sn-based solder alloy has not been proposed. This paper aims to address the viscosity issues that must be considered when developing new lead-free solders.

Design/methodology/approach
A BP neural network model was established to predict the viscosity of the liquid alloy and the predicted values were compared with the corresponding experimental data in the literature data. At the same time, the BP neural network model is compared with the existing theoretical model. In addition, a mathematical model for estimating the melt viscosity of ternary tin-based lead-free solders was constructed using a polynomial fitting method.

Findings
A reasonable BP neural network model was established to predict the melt viscosity of ternary tin-based lead-free solders. The viscosity prediction of the BP neural network agrees well with the experimental results. Compared to the Seetharaman and the Moelwyn–Hughes models, the BP neural network model can predict the viscosity of liquid alloys without the need to calculate the relevant thermodynamic parameters. In addition, a simple equation for estimating the melt viscosity of a ternary tin-based lead-free solder has been proposed.

Originality/value
The study identified nine factors that affect the melt viscosity of ternary tin-based lead-free solders and used these factors as input parameters for BP neural network models. The BP neural network model is more convenient because it does not require the calculation of relevant thermodynamic parameters. In addition, a mathematical model for estimating the viscosity of a ternary Sn-based lead-free solder alloy has been proposed. The overall research shows that the BP neural network model can be well applied to the theoretical study of the viscosity of liquid solder alloys. Using a constructed BP neural network to predict the viscosity of a lead-free solder melt helps to study the liquid physical properties of lead-free solders that are widely used in electronic information.
Enhancing the tourist experience with emotional intelligence
Authors: Prentice Catherine 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to discuss how emotional intelligence (EI) can be incorporated into the tourism sector to enhance the tourist experience through managing the service encounter between tourism service representatives and tourists.Design/methodology/approachA review of the relevant literature on EI and tourism is undertaken to understand the link between EI and tourist experience. The paper begins by explaining the evolution and conceptualisations of EI and discusses its empirical evidence in various contexts.FindingsEI is proposed to be incepted into the tourism context through its influence on the service encounter between tourism service representatives and tourists. The service encounter is diagnosed as being emotionally charged through discussing tourism offerings, emotional labour performance and tourist attributions.Originality/valueThis paper provides a fresh look into the link between EI and tourism service encounters and suggests the application of EI into the tourism context to enhance the tourist experience.
Health-care providers perspective on value in medical travel to India
Authors: Medhekar Anita , Wong Ho Yin , Hall John Edward 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the supply-side factors that determines the quality of global healthcare services from medical tourism healthcare providers’ (MTHP) perspective, which provide value-in-medical-travel to foreign patients/medical tourists, who travel to India for medical treatment/surgery.

Design/methodology/approach
The thematic content analysis of in-depth interviews with 15 senior MTHP, from 15 private hospitals in India was undertaken, to generate the themes, and identify the supply-side factors necessary for sustainable medical tourism management.

Findings
The findings conclude that MTHP ranked in ascending order, less waiting-time for surgery, healthcare quality and accreditation, staff/surgeon’s expertise, healthcare information, hospital facilities and services, patient-safety, travel-risk, surgical costs and holiday opportunity as essential factors for providing sustainable quality and value-in-medical-travel to patients.

Research limitations/implications
Many private hospital spokespersons declined to be interviewed due to confidentiality and privacy policy

Practical implications
The findings are generalised in case of global private hospitals treating foreign patients. Policy implications suggest that private hospitals in developing countries need to focus on providing value-in-medical-travel, such as accreditation quality of healthcare, no waiting-time, patient-safety, qualified and experienced medical and non-medical staff, hospital facilities and post-surgery care with positive healthcare outcomes.

Social implications
Medical-tour facilitators, hotels and tourism sites need to collaborate with agencies to provide inclusive built environment, first-aid and wheelchair access, to medical tourists, having financial and legal implications for business.

Originality/value
There is little qualitative empirical research on the views of MTHP, regarding management of essential supply-side factors that provide value-in-medical-travel to attract medical tourists to India.
Towards sustainable tourism for Ikare: the role of the Tourism Action Club
Authors: Ajagunna Ibrahim , Bello Mustapha , Arowolo Segun 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to promote the development of a form of tourism product that can help to promote economic development at Ikare.

Design/methodology/approach
The study was conducted at Ikare using a qualitative approach. Tourism assets were identified through interviews and visits to attractions.

Findings
Ikare has significant tourism assets that if well harnessed will over time, change the socio-cultural and economic outlook of the town. It is also imperative that the newly formed Ikare Tourism Action Club achieves the objective of this transformation by focussing on the promotion of local tourism assets through local participation.

Research limitations/implications
There were no limitations in conducting this research, however, there may be some limitations in relation to the Ikare Tourism Action Club’s ability to access the funds it needs to achieve its objectives in promoting development from international funding agencies with an interest in nature, cultural and heritage tourism.

Practical implications
Ikare is uniquely blessed with a number of spring waters or rivers as they are more often referred to. These spring waters are not common in any other part of Nigeria because of their unique history. Part of the history is that the springs run throughout the year, irrespective of the degree of drought, thereby providing a sustainable water supply to all the inhabitants of the town. Some of the springs serve specific purposes as they are connected to some of the town’s cultural heritage sites.

Social implications
Apart from its people, there are cultural assets that underline tourism that tourists look forward to in any destination. In terms of natural resources, there is a little problem because if compared to other towns in Ondo State that do not have such a natural resource base, then the future for Ikare would be quite bright especially if Ikare improves its natural attractions.

Originality/value
Ikare has never been promoted as an ecotourism destination. An aspect of the objective of the Ikare Tourism Action Club is to promote Ikare as a unique tourism destination. In so doing, the development of ecotourism activities in Ikare will offer a unique opportunity that will positively influence the conservation of protected areas and socio/economic development for local people.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Ajagunna Ibrahim , Pinnock Fritz , Smith Johnson Evette 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to re-examine the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) and the realities for maritime and tourism-dependent countries.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors analyzed all the papers presented in the issue and provided summaries for each to facilitate a general synopsis.

Findings
In addition to examining the reality of 4IR in the context of the maritime and tourism industries and education, the various papers presented contain inter-linkages of purpose, concept and arising issues that are paramount to the success of any industrial concern in the face of 4IR.

Originality/value
While the focus of all papers stems from 4IR and the realities for maritime and tourism dependent countries, they also serve to emphasize the implications for these industries, if they fail to attend to the immediate and future applications of 4IR.
National and subnational trends in incidence and mortality of lung cancer in Iran from 1990 to 2016
Authors: Rajai Nazanin , Ghanbari Ali , Yoosefi Moein , Mohebi Farnam , Mohajer Bahram , Sheidaei Ali , Gohari Kimiya , Masinaei Masoud , Haghshenas Rosa , Kompani Farzad , Vaezi Mohammad , Farzadfar Farshad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimLung cancer is the most common cancer in incidence and mortality worldwide. The aim of the current study was to present population‐based estimates of lung cancer epidemiology by gender and age group at national and subnational levels during the 27‐year period of 1990‐2016.MethodsThis study was part of the NASBOD project (National and Subnational Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors). Cancer incidence and mortality statistics were obtained from the Iran Cancer Registry database and the national Death Registration System. The two‐stage mixed effects and spatiotemporal model were fitted to all‐cancer incidence and mortality data. Thereafter, the cancer‐specific incidence and mortality fraction for each age group, gender, province, and year were applied to the data to estimate the lung cancer incidence and mortality.ResultsThe age‐standardized incidence rate showed a sevenfold increase during 27 years of the study. Lung cancer deaths showed an upward trend from 1990 to 2001 and subsequently decreased during the latter half of the study period. At provincial level, there was a wide range between the lowest and highest, from 3.2 to 13.2 in incidence rate and from 5.2 to 10.7 in mortality rate.ConclusionThe study showed an increasing trend in lung cancer incidence at national and subnational levels from 1990 to 2016, while the mortality rate peaked and then declined in the 2000s. The increasing trend of lung cancer in the overall population and the provincial disparities necessitate urgent implementation of preventive strategies and cancer control policies.
Blood counts in adult and elderly individuals: defining the norms over eight decades of life
Authors: Zierk Jakob , Krebs Alexander , Rauh Manfred , Metzler Markus , Löscher Astrid , Strasser Erwin , Krause Stefan W. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThe blood count is one of the most common tests used for health assessment. In elderly individuals, selection of a ‘healthy’ reference population for laboratory assessment is difficult due to the high prevalence of chronic morbidities, leading to uncertainty regarding appropriate reference intervals. In particular, age‐specific lower haemoglobin reference limits to define anaemia are controversial. Here, we applied a data mining approach to a large dataset of 3 029 904 clinical routine samples to establish blood count reference intervals. We excluded samples from units/specialists with a high proportion of abnormal blood counts, samples from patients with an unknown or decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate, and samples with abnormal test results in selected other analytes. After sample exclusion, 566 775–572 060 samples from different individuals aged 20–100 years were available for analysis. We then used an established statistical algorithm to determine the distribution of physiological test results and calculated age‐ and sex‐specific reference intervals. Our results show substantial trends with age in haematology analytes' reference intervals. Most notably, haemoglobin and red cell counts decline in men with advanced age, accompanied by increases in red cell volume in both sexes. These findings were confirmed in an independent dataset, and suggest an at least partly physiologic cause.
Social impairments in alternating hemiplegia of childhood
Authors: Uchitel Julie , Abdelnour Elie , Boggs April , Prange Lyndsey , Pratt Milton , Bonner Melanie , Jasien Joan , Dawson Geraldine , Abrahamsen Tavis , Mikati Mohamad A 
Published: February 2020

AimTo evaluate presence and severity of social impairments in alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) and determine factors that are associated with social impairments.MethodThis was a retrospective analysis of 34 consecutive patients with AHC (19 females, 15 males; mean age: 9y 7mo, SD 8y 2mo, range 2y 7mo–40y), evaluated with the Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS‐2).ResultsSRS‐2 scores, indicating level of social impairment, were higher than population means (75, SD 14 vs 50, SD 10, p<0.001). Of these, 27 out of 34 had high scores: 23 severe (>76), four moderate (66–76). All subscale domains, including social cognition, social communication, social awareness, social motivation, restricted interests, and repetitive behavior, had abnormal scores compared to population means (p<0.001). High SRS‐2 scores were associated with the presence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and epilepsy (p=0.01, p=0.04), but not with other scales of AHC disease symptomatology. All nine patients who received formal evaluations for ASD, because they had high SRS‐2 scores, were diagnosed with ASD.InterpretationMost patients with AHC have impaired social skills involving multiple domains. ASD is not uncommon. High SRS‐2 scores in patients with AHC support referral to ASD evaluation. Our findings are consistent with current understandings of the pathophysiology of AHC and ASD, both thought to involve GABAergic dysfunction.What this paper adds

Most patients with alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) have impaired social skills involving multiple domains.

These impairments are significant compared to population means.

Most patients with AHC have high Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS‐2) scores.

Patients with AHC with high SRS‐2 scores are likely to have autism spectrum disorder.
Industrial policy and structural transformation: Insights from Ethiopian manufacturing
Authors: Vrolijk Kasper 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMotivationThe question of industrial policy has gained prominence in the policy agenda over the last decade, despite its persistently ambiguous and incomplete definition. The lack of a firm definition is problematic because it prevents scholars and policy‐makers from comparing and monitoring the impact of industrial policy across developing countries. This vague definition also fails to account for issues that are relevant to the impact and usefulness of industrial policy in the process of economic development.Research QuestionWhat is the effect of an inadequate definition and implementation of industrial policy for structural transformation in underdeveloped economies?MethodsWe undertake both a critical literature review of industrial policy and a policy review, and use insights from 86 structured interviews with manufacturing businesses and government officials in Ethiopia, to illustrate how industrial policy could be more effective.FindingsThe article finds that there is no clear and exhaustive understanding of what the definition of industrial policy entails. In part this is also a result of a limited and incoherent use of the concept of structural transformation in the definition and policy formulation of industrial policy.ConclusionsUsing a case study of Ethiopia, we show how an inadequate and incoherent definition and implementation of industrial policy can lead to limited upgrading, learning and innovation in an underdeveloped economy.Policy ImplicationsFor Ethiopia, and for other underdeveloped economies, the findings imply a reconfiguration of industrial policy, rather than more industrial policy.
A winner in the Anthropocene: changing host plant distribution explains geographical range expansion in the gulf fritillary butterfly
Authors: Halsch Christopher A. , Shapiro Arthur M. , Thorne James H. , Waetjen David P. , Forister Matthew L. 
Published: February 2020

1. The changing climate is altering species distributions with consequences for population dynamics, resulting in winners and losers in the Anthropocene.2. Agraulis vanillae, the gulf fritillary butterfly, has expanded its range in the past 100 years in the western U.S.A. Time series analysis is combined with species distribution modelling to investigate factors limiting the distribution of A. vanillae and to predict future shifts under warming scenarios.3. Time series analyses from the western U.S.A. show that urban development has a positive association with year of colonisation (the host plant Passiflora is an ornamental in gardens). Colonisation was also associated positively and to a lesser extent with winter maximum temperatures, whereas a negative impact of minimum temperatures and precipitation was apparent on population growth rates after establishment.4. Species distribution models vary by region. In the eastern U.S.A., the butterfly is primarily limited by minimum temperatures in the winter and host availability later in the season. Eastern U.S. projected expansion broadly follows the expectation of poleward distributional shifts, especially for the butterfly's maximum annual extent. Western U.S. distributions are limited by the host plant, which in turn is dependent on urban centres. Projected western U.S. expansion is not limited to a single direction and is driven by urban centres becoming more suitable for the host plant.5. These results demonstrate the value of combining time series with spatial modelling, at the same time as incorporating biotic interactions, aiming to understand and predict shifting geographical ranges in the Anthropocene.