bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cosmic Evolution of Stellar-mass Black Hole Merger Rate in Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Yang Y. , Bartos I. , Haiman Z. , Kocsis B. , Márka S. , Tagawa H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Binary black hole mergers encode information about their environment and the astrophysical processes that led to their formation. Measuring the redshift dependence of their merger rate will help probe the formation and evolution of galaxies and the evolution of the star formation rate. Here we compute the cosmic evolution of the merger rate for stellar-mass binaries in the disks of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We focus on recent evolution out to redshift z = 2, covering the accessible range of current Earth-based gravitational-wave observatories. On this scale, the AGN population density is the main contributor to redshift dependence. We find that the AGN-assisted merger rate varies by less than a factor of two in the range 0 < z ≤ 2, comparable to the expected level of evolution for globular clusters, but much smaller than the order-of-magnitude evolution for field binaries.
The Preservation of Super-Earths and the Emergence of Gas Giants after Their Progenitor Cores Have Entered the Pebble-isolation Phase
Authors: Chen 陈逸 Yi-Xian 贤 , Li 李亚 Ya-Ping 平 , Li 李 Hui 晖 , Lin 林 Douglas N. C. 潮 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The omnipresence of super-Earths suggests that they are able to be retained in natal disks around low-mass stars, whereas exoplanets’ mass distributions indicate that some cores have transformed into gas giants through runaway gas accretion at ≳1 au from solar-type stars. In this paper, we show that transition to runaway gas accretion by cores may be self-impeded by an increase of the grain opacity in their envelope after they have acquired sufficient mass (typically ∼ 10M
⊕) to enter a pebble-isolation phase. The accumulation of approximately millimeter- to meter-sized pebbles in their migration barriers enhances their local fragmentation rates. The freshly produced submillimeter grains pass through the barrier, elevate the effective dust opacity, and reduce the radiative flux in the core’s envelope. These effects alone are adequate to suppress the transition to runaway accretion and preserve super-Earths in the stellar proximity (∼0.1 au), albeit entropy advection between the envelope and the disk can further reduce the accretion rate. At an intermediate distance (∼1 au) from their host stars, the escalation in the dust opacity dominates over entropy advection in stalling the transition to runaway accretion for marginally pebble-isolated cores. Beyond a few astronomical unit, the transformation of more-massive cores to gas giants is reachable before severe depletion of disk gas. This requirement can be satisfied either in extended disks with large scale height via orderly accretion of migrating pebbles or through the mergers of oligarchic protoplanetary embryos, and can account for the correlated occurrence of long-period gas giants and close-in super-Earths.
Comparing apples and oranges (and blueberries and grapes): fruit type affects development and cold susceptibility of immature Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Jiménez-Padilla Yanira , Ferguson Laura V. , Sinclair Brent J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDrosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a cosmopolitan polyphagous pest on unripe soft-skinned fruits. We sought to determine (1) temperature treatments that could be used to kill immature D. suzukii in fruit or packaging and (2) whether development on different fruits led to differences in cold tolerance of immature D. suzukii. We reared animals from egg on a banana-based laboratory diet and diets made of apple (Malus domestica Borkhausen; Rosaceae), blueberry (Vaccinium Linnaeus; Ericaceae), cherry (Prunus avium Linnaeus; Rosaceae), grape (Vitis Linnaeus; Vitaceae), orange (Citrus × sinensis (Linnaeus) Osbeck; Rutaceae), raspberry (Rubus Linnaeus; Rosaceae), or strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne; Rosaceae) homogenate in agar and measured development time, adult body size, and cold tolerance. Diet type had complex effects on development time; in particular, D. suzukii reared on apple-based or blueberry-based diets developed more slowly to a smaller adult body size than those on other diets. Cold exposure killed eggs and both first and second instars. Survival of 24 hours at +4 °C by feeding third instars was lowest in blueberry and cherry. Five days at +0.6 °C killed all feeding third instars; this treatment is likely sufficient for targeting D. suzukii in fruit. Two hours at −5 °C or −6 °C killed all wandering third instars and pupae; this exposure could be sufficient for sanitation of packaging.
Monitoring ofDrosophila suzukii(Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Okanagan Valley vineyards, British Columbia, Canada, and assessment of damage to table and wine grapes (Vitaceae)
Authors: Acheampong Susanna , Lord Etienne , Lowery D. Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSpotted-wing drosophila,Drosophila suzukii, (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), has become a serious pest of soft fruit in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, Canada since its detection in 2009. The study was conducted to determine the distribution ofD.suzukiiand damage levels in grapes. Apple cider vinegar-baited traps placed in table and wine grape (Vitis viniferaLinnaeus; Vitaceae) vineyards during 2011–2013 demonstrated thatD. suzukiiwas numerous in all sites, with earliest emergence and highest numbers recorded in 2013.Drosophila suzukiiwere reared from intact and damaged table grapes and damaged wine grapes collected from the field, but not from intact wine grapes.Drosophila suzukiiwere reared in low numbers in 2011 from intact fruit of 11 wine grape cultivars exposed artificially in the laboratory. Susceptibility of intact wine grapes under laboratory conditions in 2011 when sour rot was widespread might relate in part to undetected infections of berries due to weather conditions. Identification ofDrosophilaFallén species revealed thatD. suzukiicomprised a small portion of the total. Our results demonstrate that healthy wine grapes in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia are largely undamaged byD. suzukii, while certain table grape cultivars should be protected from attack.
Spatial distribution of spotted-wing drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and other insects in fruit of a sweet cherry (Rosaceae) orchard
Authors: Chamberlain Amanda C. , Lalonde Robert , Thistlewood Howard M.A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSpotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive pest of many small and soft fruits. We present the first results concerning its oviposition in the canopy of a sweet cherry (Prunus avium Linnaeus; Rosaceae) orchard. We examined the distribution of arthropods emerging from fruits of five cultivars ripening successively over seven weeks, in interior and border rows, within four regions of the tree canopy (top/bottom height × north/south aspect), and measured the associated fruit ripeness (ºBrix). Single fruits were reared for more than two weeks: 1328 arthropods emerged from 887 cherries in June, and 10 426 emerged from 1071 cherries in July. When populations were low, significantly more D. suzukii were present in the northernmost row and northern canopy aspect. Later, its distribution with respect to cherry row, height, and aspect was homogenous. Drosophila suzukii density per sweet cherry was highest in the latest ripening cultivar, when its distribution was not homogeneous; significantly more D. suzukii were in the centre than the southernmost row, in the lower canopy, and the southern aspect, than elsewhere. In the early season, single egg clutches were found without aggregation. As population density increased, so did intraspecific aggregation, but D. suzukii did not co-exist with other Drosophila Fallén species, nor with Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae) when present.
Impact of Cysteine Residues on MHC Binding Predictions and Recognition by Tumor-Reactive T Cells
Authors: Sachs Abraham , Moore Eugene , Kosaloglu-Yalcin Zeynep , Peters Bjoern , Sidney John , Rosenberg Steven A. , Robbins Paul F. , Sette Alessandro 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The availability of MHC-binding prediction tools has been useful in guiding studies aimed at identifying candidate target Ags to generate reactive T cells and to characterize viral and tumor-reactive T cells. Nevertheless, prediction algorithms appear to function poorly for epitopes containing cysteine (Cys) residues, which can oxidize and form disulfide bonds with other Cys residues under oxidizing conditions, thus potentially interfering with their ability to bind to MHC molecules. Analysis of the results of HLA-A*02:01 class I binding assays carried out in the presence and absence of the reducing agent 2-ME indicated that the predicted affinity for 25% of Cys-containing epitopes was underestimated by a factor of 3 or more. Additional analyses were undertaken to evaluate the responses of human CD8+ tumor-reactive T cells against 10 Cys-containing HLA class I–restricted minimal determinants containing substitutions of α-aminobutyric acid (AABA), a cysteine analogue containing a methyl group in place of the sulfhydryl group present in Cys, for the native Cys residues. Substitutions of AABA for Cys at putative MHC anchor positions often significantly enhanced T cell recognition, whereas substitutions at non-MHC anchor positions were neutral, except for one epitope where this modification abolished T cell recognition. These findings demonstrate the need to evaluate MHC binding and T cell recognition of Cys-containing peptides under conditions that prevent Cys oxidation, and to adjust current prediction binding algorithms for HLA-A*02:01 and potentially additional class I alleles to more accurately rank peptides containing Cys anchor residues.
BCALM (AC099524.1) Is a Human B Lymphocyte–Specific Long Noncoding RNA That Modulates B Cell Receptor–Mediated Calcium Signaling
Authors: Pyfrom Sarah C. , Quinn Chaz C. , Dorando Hannah K. , Luo Hong , Payton Jacqueline E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOf the thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) identified in lymphocytes, very few have defined functions. In this study, we report the discovery and functional elucidation of a human B cell–specific lncRNA with high levels of expression in three types of B cell cancer and normal B cells. The AC099524.1 gene is upstream of the gene encoding the B cell–specific phospholipase C γ 2 (PLCG2), a B cell–specific enzyme that stimulates intracellular Ca2+ signaling in response to BCR activation. AC099524.1 (B cell–associated lncRNA modulator of BCR-mediated Ca+ signaling [BCALM]) transcripts are localized in the cytoplasm and, as expected, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of AC099524.1 did not affect PLCG2 mRNA or protein expression. lncRNA interactome, RNA immunoprecipitation, and coimmunoprecipitation studies identified BCALM-interacting proteins in B cells, including phospholipase D 1 (PLD1), and kinase adaptor proteins AKAP9 (AKAP450) and AKAP13 (AKAP-Lbc). These two AKAP proteins form signaling complexes containing protein kinases A and C, which phosphorylate and activate PLD1 to produce phosphatidic acid (PA). BCR stimulation of BCALM-deficient B cells resulted in decreased PLD1 phosphorylation and increased intracellular Ca+ flux relative to wild-type cells. These results suggest that BCALM promotes negative feedback that downmodulates BCR-mediated Ca+ signaling by promoting phosphorylation of PLD1 by AKAP-associated kinases, enhancing production of PA. PA activates SHP-1, which negatively regulates BCR signaling. We propose the name BCALM for B-Cell Associated LncRNA Modulator of BCR-mediated Ca+ signaling. Our findings suggest a new, to our knowledge, paradigm for lncRNA-mediated modulation of lymphocyte activation and signaling, with implications for B cell immune response and BCR-dependent cancers.
Evaluating the Efficacy of 100% Trichloroacetic Acid Needling in the Treatment of Palmoplantar Warts
Authors: Bodar Priyanka , Agarwal Pooja , Saikia Siddhartha , Dalal Tejansu , Jagati Ashish 
Published: June 2020

Introduction:
Warts are benign proliferations of skin and mucosa caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Palmoplantar warts are caused any HPV types 1, 2, 4, 27, 57 and occurs mostly in children and young adults. Among the treatment modalities, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) application along with needling after sufficient penetration causes coagulation of proteins of the infected cells of skin and causes necrosis.

Aim:
To study the efficacy of 100%TCA needling in the treatment of palmoplantar warts.

Study Design:
Longitudinal study carried out at a tertiary care center in Gujarat.

Materials and Methods:
Patients having palmoplantar warts between the age group of 4-50 years over a period of 8 months were included in the study as per our inclusion and exclusion criteria. 100% TCA application followed by needling using an insulin syringe was done once per week after informed consent. The necrosed skin was pared on each follow-up and the procedure was repeated till complete clearance of warts.

Results:
The total number of patients were 60 out of which 6 patients were irregular in follow up. In 4 patients, the treatment modality was changed after 6 weeks because of lack or response. 50 patients had complete clearance of warts. The minimum and maximum duration for complete clearance of warts were 3 weeks and 8 weeks respectively.

Limitation:
It gives varying results in different individuals and average duration in clearance of wart is comparatively slower as compared to some other methods.

Conclusion:
TCA needling is an effective treatment modality for palmoplantar warts.
Pengetahuan Badan Publik Terhadap Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 Tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik (KIP)
Authors: Iberamsyah  , Hartiningsih  
Published: June 2020

Public Agency knowledge research on law number 14 of 2008 on Public Information Openness aims to determine the level of knowledge of public bodies on law number 14 of 2008 concerning Public Information Openness (KIP). Conducted in the provinces of South Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, and Central Sulawesi, the method of observation and qualitative descriptive analysis of the results of the study illustrates the level of public body knowledge of the KIP law in three provinces is quite varied. There are among those who have reached a high level of knowledge such as public bodies in the police department, but there are also public bodies whose level of knowledge is new at levels 1 and 2, and some even do not enter any level (zero know). In general the knowledge of public bodies in several public bandan environments in the three provinces is relatively minimal. more intensive socialization and including the role of mass media as a step to accelerate the distribution of knowledge.
Keywords: knowledge, public official, Public Information Disclosure, Policy
ABSTRAK
Penelitian pengetahuan Badan Publik terhadap undang-undang nomor 14 tahun 2008 tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan badan publik terhadap undang-undang nomor 14 tahun 2008 tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik (KIP). Dilakukan di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, dan Sulawesi Tengah, dengan metode observasi dan analisis deskriptif kualitatif hasil penelitian menggambarkan tingkat pengetahuan badan publik terhadap undang-undang KIP di tiga provinsi cukup bervariasi.Terdapat diantaranya yang telah mencapai level pengetahuan yang tinggi seperti badan publik dikepolisian, namun ada pula badan publik yang tingkat pengetahuannya baru pada level 1 dan 2, bahkan ada yang tidak masuk level apa pun (zero know. Secara umum pengetahuan badan publik dibeberapa lingkungan bandan publik di tiga provinsi tersebut relatif masih minim. Untuk itu masih diperlukan sosialisasi yang lebih intensif lagi dan menyertakan peran media massa sebagai langkah percepatan pemerataan pengetahuan.
Keywords: pengetahuan, pejabat publik, keterbukaan informasi publik, kebijakan
Apresiasi Masyarakat Terhadap Debat Calon Presiden/Wakil Presiden Tahun 2014 Melalui Televisi di Kabupaten Subang Jawa Barat
Authors: Suryana Nana 
Published: June 2020

This research focus on Subang Regency, West Java Province. This research objective is to knowing, discuss, and descripting about society appreciation of President/Vice President debates on television. This research using descriptive analytical with quantitative approach and supported by qualitative approach, the data collection technique using questionnaire, depth interview, literature study, and observation at research location. The result, majority of respondent classified as productive ages who has a fairy high political sensitivity. The agree and have need of President/VP debates show at television, although the debates show have a short running time, but the effect can increase the knowledge and insight about 2014 election, and can grow awareness and political maturity, can knowing the figure and debates topic to needed by society, include the work program and political appointments, knowing political image, popularity and capability of President/VP candidates. To popularity, closely related with electability but not can get the electability automatically, because one of candidate not have the popularity but they have the electability. Therefore the debates show need to be scheduled, not only at during campaign season, can be scheduled out of campaign season yet.
Keyword: appreciation, debates candidate, popularity, electability

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini berfokus di Kabupaten Suang, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan adalah untuk mengetahui, membahas dan mendeskripsikan tentang apresiasi masyarakat terhadap acara debat Capres/Cawapres melalui televisi. Penelitian ini sifatnya deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan kuantitaif ditunjang kualitatif yang dipusatkan di Kabupaten Subang Jawa Barat. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran angket, wawancara mendalam, studi kepustakaan dan pengamatan langsung di lapangan. Hasilnya, sebagian besar responden tergolong usia produktif yang memiliki kepekaan terhadap dunia politik cukup tinggi. Mereka setuju dan perlu dengan acara debat Capres/Cawapres melalui televisi, alasannya walaupun acara debat waktunya pendek, tapi efek (manfaat) nya dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan wawasan tentang Pilpres 2014, serta dapat menumbuhkan kesadaran dan kedewasaan berpolitik. Kemudian dapat mengetahui figur dan tema debat yang dibutuhkan masyarakat, termasuk di dalamnya program kerja dan janji politik. Selanjutnya mengetahui pula tentang citra politik, popularitas dan kapabilitas, popularitas dan elektabilitas Capres/Cawapres. Untuk popularitas erat sekali kaitannya dengan elektabilitas, tapi tidak otomatis memperoleh elektabilitas, sebab yang memiliki popularitas tidak otomatis memperoleh elektabilitas, sebab kenyatannya ada yang tidak memiliki popularitas tapi memperoleh elektabilitas. Untuk itu acara debat perlu diagendakan, tidak hanya diselenggarakan pada musim kampanye pilpres, tapi juga dapat dilaksanakan di luar musim kampanye.
Kata kunci : apresiasi, debat kandidat, popularitas, elektabilitas
Pemanfaatan Twitter Sebagai Media Komunikasi Massa
Authors: Abraham Firda Zulivia 
Published: June 2020

Research of Twitter Utilization as media of mass communication be held at Banjarmasin City and Banjarbaru City on South Kalimantan, and at Palangkaraya City at Central Kalimantan. The Research objective is to know who function is and utilization of social networking services as media of mass communication and how to form of the communication has made from communication media who is formatted caused by innovation of technology. This research with descriptive, be held with qualitative approach with depth interview with the admin twitter account who have a choice and be held the observation againts that accounts during three months started on August until October 2013.The Research objective showed five twitter account with the most number of followers who's helped with twitter to mass of communication. The communication pattern has founded is a pattern of hybrid communication who depend on interactivity and cannot be limited by time and location. It's have different against pattern of communication hybrid from five account. Indonesia is a country with the most of twitter user, Ministry should be pushing the twitter, to registered twitter with .id domain, in order twitter can be easy to accessing in Indonesia.
Keyword : utilization, twitter, hybrid media, mass communication, SNS
ABSTRAK
Penelitian pemanfaatan twitter sebagai media komunikasi massa dilakukan di Kota Banjarmasin dan Kota Banjarbaru Kalimantan Selatan, serta di Kota Palangkaraya di Kalimantan Tengah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana fungsi dan pemanfaatan jejaring sosial sebagai media komunikasi massa dan bagaimana pola komunikasi yang tercipta dari media komunikasi yang terbentuk akibat innovasi teknologi tersebut. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif, dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode wawancara mendalam dengan admin akun twitter yang berhubungan dan dilakukan observasi terhadap akun-akun tersebut selama tiga bulan mulai dari Agustus hingga Oktober 2013. Informan dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling dengan Judgment Sampling, lalu dipilih akun dengan jumlah followers lebih dari 10,000 sejak bulan Maret 2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada lima akun dengan jumlah followers terbanyak yang terbantu akan twitter untuk berkomunikasi secara massa. Pola komunikasi yang ditemukan juga adalah pola komunikasi hibrida yang mengandalkan interaktivitas tinggi serta tidak terbatas oleh ruang dan waktu. Terdapat perbedaan pola komunikasi hibrida pada lima akun terbesar di wilayah Kalselteng tersebut. Tingginya penggunaan twitter hendaknya kominfo mendesak untuk mendaftarkan domain dengan domain .id agar twitter dapat mudah diakses di Indonesia.
Kata kunci : pemanfaatan, twitter, media hibrida, komunikasi massa, jajaring sosial