bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convulsive seizures and some behavioral comorbidities are uncoupled in the Scn1aA1783V Dravet syndrome mouse model
Authors: Fadila Saja , Quinn Shir , Turchetti Maia Ana , Yakubovich Daniel , Ovadia Mor , Anderson Karen L. , Giladi Moshe , Rubinstein Moran 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveDravet syndrome (Dravet) is a severe childhood epileptic encephalopathy. The disease begins with a febrile stage, characterized by febrile seizures with otherwise normal development. Progression to the worsening stage features recurrent intractable seizures and the presentation of additional nonepileptic comorbidities, including global developmental delay, hyperactivity, and motor deficits. Later in life, at the stabilization stage, seizure burden decreases, whereas Dravet‐associated comorbidities persist. To date, it remains debated whether the nonepileptic comorbidities result from severe epilepsy or represent an independent phenotypic feature.MethodsDravet mice (DS) faithfully recapitulate many clinical aspects of Dravet. Using wild‐type (WT) and DS at different ages, we monitored multiple behavioral features as well as background electroencephalogram (EEG) activity during the different stages of Dravet epilepsy.ResultsBehavioral tests of WT and DS demonstrated that some deficits manifest already at the pre‐epileptic stage, prior to the onset of convulsive seizures. These include motor impairment and hyperactivity in the open field. Deficits in cognitive functions were detected at the onset of severe spontaneous seizures. Power spectral analysis of background EEG activity, measured through development, showed that DS exhibit normal background oscillations at the pre‐epileptic stage, a marked reduction in total power during the onset of severe epilepsy, and a subsequent smaller reduction later in life. Importantly, low EEG power at the stage of severe frequent convulsive seizures correlated with increased risk for premature death.SignificanceOur data provide a comprehensive developmental trajectory of Dravet epilepsy and Dravet‐associated comorbidities in mice, under controlled settings, demonstrating that the convulsive seizures and some nonepileptic comorbidities may be uncoupled. Moreover, we report the existence of an inverse correlation, on average, between the power of background EEG and the severity of epileptic phenotypes, suggesting that such measurements may potentially serve as a biomarker for Dravet severity.
Dual role of the active site ‘lid’ regions of protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in photocatalysis and plant development
Authors: Zhang Shaowei , Godwin Alan R. F. , Taylor Aoife , Hardman Samantha J. O. , Jowitt Thomas A. , Johannissen Linus O. , Hay Sam , Baldock Clair , Heyes Derren J. , Scrutton Nigel S. 
Published: August 2020

Protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) catalyses reduction of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide, a light‐dependent reaction of chlorophyll biosynthesis. POR is also important in plant development as it is the main constituent of prolamellar bodies in etioplast membranes. Prolamellar bodies are highly organised, paracrystalline structures comprising aggregated oligomeric structures of POR–Pchlide–NADPH complexes. How these oligomeric structures are formed and the role of Pchlide in oligomerisation remains unclear. POR crystal structures highlight two peptide regions that form a ‘lid’ to the active site, and undergo conformational change on binding Pchlide. Here, we show that Pchlide binding triggers formation of large oligomers of POR using size exclusion chromatography. A POR ‘octamer’ has been isolated and its structure investigated by cryo‐electron microscopy at 7.7 Å resolution. This structure shows that oligomer formation is most likely driven by the interaction of amino acid residues in the highly conserved lid regions. Computational modelling indicates that Pchlide binding stabilises exposure of hydrophobic surfaces formed by the lid regions, which supports POR dimerisation and ultimately oligomer formation. Studies with variant PORs demonstrate that lid residues are involved in substrate binding and photocatalysis. These highly conserved lid regions therefore have a dual function. The lid residues position Pchlide optimally to enable photocatalysis. Following Pchlide binding, they also enable POR oligomerisation – a process that is reversed through subsequent photocatalysis in the early stages of chloroplast development.
Spatial variability of bigeye tuna habitat in the Pacific Ocean: Hindcast from a refined ecological niche model
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Wan Rong , Cao Jie , Xu Liuxiong , Wang Xuefang , Zhu Jiangfeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHabitat distribution is critically informative for stock assessment, since incorporating its variabilities can have important implications for the estimation of stock biomass or the relative abundance index. A refined ecological niche model with habitat characteristic parameterization was developed to reconstitute a 3‐D ecological map of bigeye tuna in the Pacific Ocean. We determined the boundaries and hierarchies of oceanographic features and hydrological conditions at horizontal and vertical scales to define the habitat preference of bigeye tuna associated with their feeding and physiological requirements. Ecogeographic projections underlined the depth‐ and region‐specific habitat distribution of bigeye tuna, with noticeable dynamic variations in the response to climate variability. Depths from 300 to 400 m represented layers of the most productive habitat, which was widespread through the equatorial Pacific Ocean and extended to the north‐central Pacific Ocean. The proportion of high‐quality habitat size in the north Pacific had a strictly regular intra‐annual cycle with peaks during the winter. Climate variability appeared to disturb the balance of the regular fluctuations in habitat size in the equatorial Pacific. Habitat hotspots during an El Niño period were characterized by their expansion to the north of the Hawaiian islands, shrinkage in the west for the hotspot band north of the Equator, and an eastern shift for the band south of the Equator. This variability may be the consequence of the incorporated fluctuations of the oxygen minimum zones (OMZ), current systems, and stratification in the open ocean.
Growing‐season frost is a better predictor of tree growth than mean annual temperature in boreal mixedwood forest plantations
Authors: Marquis Benjamin , Bergeron Yves , Simard Martin , Tremblay Francine 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIncrease in frost damage to trees due to earlier spring dehardening could outweigh the expected increase in forest productivity caused by climate warming. We quantified the impact of growing‐season frosts on the performance of three spruce species (white, black, and Norway spruce) and various seed sources with different frost tolerance in two plantations, established on both sides of the eastern Canadian boreal‐temperate forest ecotone. The objectives of this study were to determine (a) if spruce species and seed sources planted in sites far from their natural provenance would be less adapted to local site conditions, leading to increased frost damage and reduced height growth; (b) at which height above the ground growing‐season frosts ceased to damage apical meristems; and (c) if height growth was best predicted by extreme climatic events (growing‐season frosts) or by mean annual or summer temperature. At each site and for all spruce species and seed sources, we cross‐sectioned spruce trees at different heights above the ground. Tree rings were cross‐dated and screened for frost rings, which were then given a severity score based on cellular damage. Frost severity reduced height growth of all spruce species and provenances at both sites. Height growth of the non‐native Norway spruce was the most reduced by frost severity and was the smallest species at both sites. Frost caused the highest growth reduction in white spruce at the boreal mixedwood site and had the least effect on black spruce at both sites. For all spruce species, height growth was affected up to 2 m above the ground. Model selection based on corrected Akaike's information criteria (AICc) identified that minimum temperature in May was by far the best climate variable predicting tree growth (AICc weight = 1), highlighting the importance of considering extreme climatic events, which are likely to increase in the future.
Library Jargon Creates Barriers for Potential Users of Health Library and Information Services
Authors: Kiely Helen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper is based on Helen Kiely’s Masters dissertation on MA in Library and Information Service Management, successfully completed at the University of Sheffield in 2018. The aim of the study was to explore the extent to which users of a health care library service understood common terminology used by clinical librarians/information professionals. A survey was developed based on the terminology used for common services and was distributed to staff and students at an acute NHS Foundation Trust. One hundred and eight people participated over a four week period and were asked to provide definitions to the terms. Analysis of the responses for accuracy and common themes indicates that jargon can be a barrier to user access and recommendations are made with respect to the need for outreach to users and the language used in this practice for creating better accessibility.F.J.
Diversity and conservation of saproxylic beetles in 42 European tree species: an experimental approach using early successional stages of branches
Authors: Vogel Sebastian , Bussler Heinz , Finnberg Sven , Müller Jörg , Stengel Elisa , Thorn Simon 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTTree species diversity is important to maintain saproxylic beetle diversity in managed forests. Yet, knowledge about the conservational importance of single tree species and implications for forest management and conservation practices are lacking.We exposed freshly cut branch‐bundles of 42 tree species, representing tree species native and non‐native to Europe, under sun‐exposed and shaded conditions for 1 year. Afterwards, communities of saproxylic beetles were reared ex situ for 2 years. We tested for the impact of tree species and sun exposure on alpha‐, beta‐, and gamma‐diversity as well as composition of saproxylic beetle communities. Furthermore, the number of colonised tree species by each saproxylic beetle species was determined.Tree species had a lower impact on saproxylic beetle communities compared to sun exposure. The diversity of saproxylic beetles varied strongly among tree species, with highest alpha‐ and gamma‐diversity found inQuercus petraea. Red‐listed saproxylic beetle species occurred ubiquitously among tree species. We found distinct differences in the community composition of broadleaved and coniferous tree species, native and non‐native tree species as well as sun‐exposed and shaded deadwood.Our study enhances the understanding of the importance of previously understudied and non‐native tree species for the diversity of saproxylic beetles. To improve conservation practices for saproxylic beetles and especially red‐listed species, we suggest a stronger incorporation of tree species diversity and sun exposure of into forest management strategies, including the enrichment of deadwood from native and with a specific focus on locally rare or silviculturally less important tree species.
The impact of fat content and charcoal types on quality and the development of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic aromatic amines formation of barbecued fish
Authors: Oz Emel 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe effects of fat content and charcoal types on the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in various barbecued fish (trout, sea bream, seabass, salmon and shad) were investigated. Fish samples were also analysed in terms of fat content and fatty acid profile. Total saturated fatty acids (∑SFA) contents reduced while the total polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFA) contents increased after barbecuing. Both fat content and charcoal type had an effect on the amount of PAHs and HAAs. The amounts of ∑PAHs ranged between 6.95 and 99.03 ng g−1 in barbecued fish. Notably, the highest amount of ∑PAHs was found in shad as well. The amounts of ∑HAAs ranged from non‐detectable levels to 2.29 ng g−1. The amounts of ∑PAHs and ∑HAAs were higher in samples barbecued with charcoal briquette compared to those barbecued with wood charcoal. Hence, we would suggest the use of wood charcoal in barbecuing.
Target price forecasts: The roles of the 52‐week high price and recent investor sentiment
Authors: Clarkson Peter , Nekrasov Alexander , Simon Andreas , Tutticci Irene 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper reveals that in addition to fundamental factors, the 52‐week high price and recent investor sentiment play an important role in analysts’ target price formation. Analysts’ forecasts of short‐term earnings and long‐term earnings growth are shown to be important explanatory variables for target prices; equally, the 52‐week high price and recent investor sentiment are also shown to explain target price levels and especially target price biases. Our analysis additionally reveals that analysts place greater weight on these two non‐fundamental factors in settings with greater task complexity and to some extent in those with greater resource constraints. Conversely, on balance, the results suggest that this increased reliance does not translate into an increased impact per unit of each non‐fundamental factor on forecast bias. Finally, our results show that target prices are useful in predicting future stock returns beyond earnings forecasts and commonly used risk proxies. However, in an internally consistent fashion, the informativeness of target prices for future returns is significantly reduced when greater weight is placed on either the 52‐week high or recent investor sentiment in the target price formation process.
Dizziness during atrial antitachycardia pacing: What is the cause
Authors: Gianni Carola , Canby Robert C. , Della Rocca Domenico G. , Natale Andrea , Al‐Ahmad Amin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA 74‐year‐old with a history of sinus node dysfunction and intermittent AV block s/p permanent pacemaker implant 6 years prior, complains of one episode of dizziness.
Hsa_circ_0000345 regulates the cellular development of ASMCs in response to oxygenized low‐density lipoprotein
Authors: Liu Huifang , Ma Xiaowen , Wang Xin , Ma Xirui , Mao Ziming , Zhu Jing , Chen Fengling 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe interaction between circRNAs and atherosclerosis has been extensively studied. However, more novel circRNAs need to be explored to help establish a perfect regulatory network. In the present research, hsa_circ_0000345 was demonstrated to regulate cellular development of oxygenized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐treated aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), which was closely related to the occurrence and progress of atherosclerosis. Ox‐LDL exposure remarkably decreased hsa_circ_0000345 expression in ASMCs. Transfection‐induced hsa_circ_0000345 overexpression activated cell viability (detected by an MTT assay) and restrained cellular apoptosis (analysed by flow cytometry) in the atherosclerosis cellular model. While down‐regulation of hsa_circ_0000345 reduced cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis. In addition, the data of the cell cycle distribution analysis and trans‐well assay indicated that cell cycle progression was arrested at the G1 phase while cell invasion was enhanced in ASMCs following treatment of ox‐LDL in the context of hsa_circ_0000345 OE plasmids. In addition, up‐regulation of hsa_circ_0000345 supported HIF‐1α at both the mRNA and protein level, and down‐regulation of hsa_circ_0000345 reduced HIF‐1α expression. Overall, the above findings revealed that hsa_circ_0000345 was a dramatic regulator of ASMCs proliferation, apoptosis and invasion in response to ox‐LDL treatment. Hsa_circ_0000345 was identified as a protector of cell viability during ox‐LDL induced cell development.
Verification and characterisation of human digital Ruffini’s sensory corpuscles
Authors: Cobo Ramón , García‐Mesa Yolanda , Cárcaba Lucía , Martin‐Cruces José , Feito Jorge , García‐Suárez Olivia , Cobo Juan , García‐Piqueras Jorge , Vega José A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRuffini's corpuscles are present as long fusiform encapsulated sensory structures in different tissues including the skin. Although physiological analyses strongly suggest their existence in glabrous digital skin, such localisation remains unconfirmed. Here, we have investigated the occurrence of typical Ruffini's corpuscles in 372 sections of human digital skin obtained from 186 subjects of both sexes and different ages (19–92 years). S100 protein, neuron‐specific enolase and neurofilament proteins were detected, and the basic immunohistochemical profile of these corpuscles was analysed. Fewer than 0.3 Ruffini's corpuscles/mm2 were detected, with density distribution across the fingers being F4 > F3 > F2 > F1 > F5 and absolute values being F2 > F1 > F3 > F4 > F5. Axons displayed neuron‐specific enolase immunoreactivity, glial cells forming the core contained S100 protein, and the capsule was positive for CD34 but not Glut1, demonstrating an endoneurial origin. Present results demonstrate the existence of Ruffini's corpuscles in human glabrous digital skin at very low densities. Moreover, the identified Ruffini's corpuscles share the basic immunohistochemical characteristics of other dermal sensory corpuscles.
Palmatine attenuates LPS‐induced inflammatory response in mouse mammary epithelial cells through inhibiting ERK1/2, P38 and Akt/NF‐кB signalling pathways
Authors: Ma He , Zhang Yufei , Wang Jiaxin , Guo Wenjin , Hu Guiqiu , Xie Shengnan , Yang Zhanqing , Liu Juxiong , Fu Shoupeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPalmatine has a wide range of pharmacological effects and anti‐inflammatory function. However, the effect of palmatine on LPS‐induced inflammatory response of mammary epithelial cells has not been reported. In this research, we studied the anti‐inflammatory mechanism of palmatine in EpH4‐Ev (mouse mammary epithelial cells). EpH4‐Ev cells were pre‐treated with palmatine and then incubated with LPS. Cells were collected for examining production of pro‐inflammatory mediators by qRT‐PCR, and the related inflammatory signalling pathway was detected through immunofluorescence and Western blot. The results found that palmatine could significantly reduce the expression of IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and COX‐2 in EpH4‐Ev cells. Research on mechanisms found that palmatine could significantly inhibit the protein levels of p‐Akt, p‐P65, p‐ERK1/2 and p‐P38 in EpH4‐Ev cells. In conclusion, these data suggested that palmatine inhibits inflammatory response in LPS‐induced EpH4‐Ev cells via down‐regulating Akt/ NF‐кB, ERK1/2 and P38 signalling pathways.
Skin lesion prevalence of estuarine common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in North Carolina, with comparisons to other east coast study sites
Authors: Taylor J. S. , Hart L. B. , Adams J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCommon bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are sentinels of environmental health. Skin lesions may indicate disease and can be used to infer population health. We estimated the prevalence of skin lesions and identified major lesion types on coastal bottlenose dolphins in Roanoke Sound, North Carolina, over a 3‐year period using photo‐identification. Boat‐based surveys were conducted from April 2012 through October 2014. High quality images of distinctive fins were examined for overall prevalence (P) of any skin lesion (n = 169, P = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.42–0.57). Lesion prevalence estimates varied little between years (2012 P = 0.45, 2013 P = 0.56, 2014 P = 0.52) and most lesions were observed in the spring (P = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.57–0.92). Of six lesion types examined, pale lesions were most common (P = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.30–0.52). Annual lesion prevalence estimates for dolphins in Roanoke Sound were comparable to published estimates for T. truncatus in Charleston, South Carolina, Brunswick, Georgia, and Sarasota, Florida (p ≥ .05), although, seasonal differences in lesion occurrence and type were observed (p < .05). Future studies should examine relationships between lesions and environmental variables and use stranded dolphins to investigate skin lesion etiology.
Reticulon‐like properties of a plant virus‐encoded movement protein
Authors: Lazareva Ekaterina A. , Lezzhov Alexander A. , Chergintsev Denis A. , Golyshev Sergei A. , Dolja Valerian V. , Morozov Sergey Y. , Heinlein Manfred , Solovyev Andrey G. 
Published: August 2020

Summary

Plant viruses encode movement proteins (MPs) that ensure the transport of viral genomes through plasmodesmata (PD) and use cell endomembranes, mostly the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), for delivery of viral genomes to PD and formation of PD‐anchored virus replication compartments.

Here, we demonstrate that the Hibiscus green spot virus BMB2 MP, an integral ER protein, induces constrictions of ER tubules, decreases the mobility of ER luminal content, and exhibits an affinity to highly curved membranes. These properties are similar to those described for reticulons, cellular proteins that induce membrane curvature to shape the ER tubules. Similar to reticulons, BMB2 adopts a W‐like topology within the ER membrane.

BMB2 targets PD and increases their size exclusion limit, and these BMB2 activities correlate with the ability to induce constrictions of ER tubules. We propose that the induction of ER constrictions contributes to the BMB2‐dependent increase in PD permeability and formation of the PD‐associated replication compartments, therefore facilitating the virus intercellular spread.

Furthermore, we show that the ER tubule constrictions also occur in cells expressing TGB2, one of the three MPs of Potato virus X (PVX), and in PVX‐infected cells, suggesting that reticulon‐like MPs are employed by diverse RNA viruses.
Mildly Explosive Autoregression with Anti‐persistent Errors*
Authors: Lui Yiu Lim , Xiao Weilin , Yu Jun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn asymptotic distribution is derived for the least squares (LS) estimate of a first‐order autoregression with a mildly explosive root and anti‐persistent errors. While the sample moments depend on the Hurst parameter asymptotically, the Cauchy limiting distribution theory remains valid for the LS estimates in the model without intercept and a model with an asymptotically negligible intercept. Monte Carlo studies are designed to check the precision of the Cauchy distribution in finite samples. An empirical study based on the monthly NASDAQ index highlights the usefulness of the model and the new limiting distribution.