bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting ovarian/breast cancer pathogenic risks of BRCA1 gene variants of unknown significance
Authors: Lin Hui-Heng , Xu Hongyan , Hu Hongbo , Ma Zhanzhong , Zhou Jie , Liang Qingyun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe difficulty of early diagnosis for ovarian cancer is an important cause of the high mortal rates of ovarian cancer patients. Instead of symptom-based diagnostic methods, modern sequencing technologies enable the access of human’s genetic information via reading DNA/RNA molecules’ nucleotide base sequences. In such way, genes’ mutations and variants could be identified and hence a better clinical diagnosis in molecular level could be expected. However, as sequencing technologies gain more popularity, novel gene variants with unknown clinical significance are found, giving difficulties to interpretations of patients’ genetic data, precise disease diagnoses as well as the making of therapeutic strategies and decisions. In order to solve these issues, it is of critical importance to figure out ways to analyze and interpret such variants. In this work, BRCA1 gene variants with unknown clinical significance were identified from clinical sequencing data, and then we developed machine learning models so as to predict the pathogenicity for variants with unknown clinical significance. Amongst, in performance benchmarking, our optimized random forest model scored 0.85 in area under receiver-operating characteristic curve, which outperformed other models. Finally, we applied the optimized random forest model to predict the pathogenic risks of 7 BRCA1 variants of unknown clinical significances identified from our sequencing data, and 6315 variants of unknown clinical significance in ClinVar database. As a result, our model predicted 4724 benign and 1591 pathogenic variants, which helped the interpretation of these variants of unknown significance and diagnosis.
A genome-wide association study of total child psychiatric problems scores
Authors: Neumann Alexander , Nolte Ilja M. , Pappa Irene , Ahluwalia Tarunveer S. , Pettersson Erik , Rodriguez Alina , Whitehouse Andrew , van Beijsterveldt Catharina E.M. , Benyamin Beben , Hammerschlag Anke R. , Helmer Quinta , Karhunen Ville , Krapohl Eva , Lu Yi , van der Most Peter J. , Palviainen Teemu , Pourcain Beate St , Seppälä Ilkka , Suarez Anna , Vilor-Tejedor Natalia , Tiesler Carla M. T. , Wang Carol , Wills Amanda , Zhou Ang ,   EAGLE behavior & cognition group, Alemany Silvia , Bisgaard Hans , Bønnelykke Klaus , Davies Gareth E. , Hakulinen Christian , Henders Anjali K. , Hyppönen Elina , Stokholm Jakob , Bartels Meike , Hottenga Jouke-Jan , Heinrich Joachim , Hewitt John , Keltikangas-Järvinen Liisa , Korhonen Tellervo , Kaprio Jaakko , Lahti Jari , Lahti-Pulkkinen Marius , Lehtimäki Terho , Middeldorp Christel M. , Najman Jackob M. , Pennell Craig , Power Chris , Oldehinkel Albertine J. , Plomin Robert , Räikkönen Katri , Raitakari Olli T , Rimfeld Kaili , Sass Lærke , Snieder Harold , Standl Marie , Sunyer Jordi , Williams Gail M. , Bakermans-Kranenburg Marian J. , Boomsma Dorret I. , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Hartman Catharina A. , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTSubstantial genetic correlations have been reported across psychiatric disorders and numerous cross-disorder genetic variants have been detected. To identify the genetic variants underlying general psychopathology in childhood, we performed a genome-wide association study using a total psychiatric problem score. We analyzed 6,844,199 common SNPs in 38,418 school-aged children from 20 population-based cohorts participating in the EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortium. The SNP heritability of total psychiatric problems was 5.4% (SE=0.01) and two loci reached genome-wide significance: rs10767094 and rs202005905. We also observed an association ofSBF2, a gene associated with neuroticism in previous GWAS, with total psychiatric problems. The genetic effects underlying the total psychiatric problem score were shared with known genetic variants for common psychiatric disorders only (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, depression, insomnia) (rG> 0.49), but not with autism or the less common adult disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or eating disorders) (rG< 0.01). Importantly, the total psychiatric problem score also showed at least a moderate genetic correlation of with intelligence, educational attainment, wellbeing, smoking, and body fat (rG> 0.29).The results suggest that many common genetic variants are associated with childhood psychiatric symptoms and related phenotypes in general instead of with specific symptoms. Further research is needed to establish causality and pleiotropic mechanisms between psychiatric disorders and related traits.
COVID-19 and climate: global evidence from 117 countries
Authors: Chen Simiao , Prettner Klaus , Kuhn Michael , Geldsetzer Pascal , Wang Chen , Bärnighausen Till , Bloom David E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVisual inspection of world maps shows that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is less prevalent in countries closer to the equator, where heat and humidity tend to be higher. Scientists disagree how to interpret this observation because the relationship between COVID-19 and climatic conditions may be confounded by many factors. We regress confirmed COVID-19 cases per million inhabitants in a country against the country’s distance from the equator, controlling key confounding factors: air travel, distance to Wuhan, testing intensity, cell phone usage, vehicle concentration, urbanization, and income. A one-degree increase in absolute latitude is associated with a 2.6% increase in cases per million inhabitants (p value < 0.001). The Northern hemisphere may see a decline in new COVID-19 cases during summer and a resurgence during winter.One Sentence SummaryAn increase in absolute latitude by one degree is associated with a 2.6% increase in COVID-19 cases per million inhabitants after controlling for several important factors.
Mechanical ventilation utilization in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Almeshari Mohammed A. , Alobaidi Nowaf Y. , Al Asmri Mansour , Alhuthail Eyas , Alshehri Ziyad , Alenezi Farhan , Sapey Elizabeth , Parekh Dhruv 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 caused a global pandemic with a viral infection called COVID-19. The disease usually causes respiratory symptoms but in a small proportion of patients can lead to a pneumonitis, Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome and death. Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV) is considered a life-saving treatment for COVID-19 patients and a huge demand for IMV devices was reported globally. This review aims to provide insight on the initial IMV practises for COVID-19 patients in the initial phase of the pandemic.MethodsElectronic databases (Embase and MEDLINE) were searched for applicable articles using relevant keywords. The references of included articles were hand searched. Articles that reported the use of IMV in adult COVID-19 patients were included in the review. The NIH quality assessment tool for cohort and cross-sectional studies was used to appraise studies.Results106 abstracts were identified from the databases search, of which 16 were included. 5 studies were included in the meta-analysis. In total, 9988 patients were included across all studies. The overall cases of COVID-19 requiring IMV ranged from 2–77%. Increased age and pre-existing comorbidities increased the likelihood of IMV requirement. The reported mortality rate in patients receiving IMV ranged between 50–100%. On average, IMV was required and initiated between 10–10.5 days from symptoms onset. When invasively ventilated, COVID-19 patients required IMV for a median of 10–17 days across studies. Little information was provided on ventilatory protocols or management strategies and were inconclusive.ConclusionIn these initial reporting studies for the first month of the pandemic, patients receiving IMV were older and had more pre-existing co-morbidities than those who did not require IMV. The mortality rate was high in COVID-19 patients who received IMV. Studies are needed to evaluate protocols and modalities of IMV to improve outcomes and identify the populations most likely to benefit from IMV.
Electrochemical corrosion behavior of type 444 stainless steel in synthetic tap water at different temperatures
Authors: Zhang Minjie , Xu Ronghai , Liu Lele , Xin Sensen , Li Moucheng 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the electrochemical corrosion behavior of type 444 stainless steel (SS) in synthetic tap water from 25°C to 80°C, i.e. the operation environment of the electric water heater.

Design/methodology/approach
The corrosion behavior was studied by using electrochemical measurements such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization curve. The specimen surfaces were observed with scanning electron microscopy. The passive films were characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Findings
In the typical tap water, 444 SS passivates spontaneously under different temperatures. The passive films formed at higher temperatures contain relatively less Cr-species and more Cl− ions, resulting in lower polarization resistances. The stable pitting corrosion takes place in the potential region of oxygen evolution as the temperature increases to about 55°C. The critical Cl− concentration of pitting corrosion reduces from about 160 mg L−1 to 60 mg L−1 with changing temperature from 25°C to 80°C.

Practical implications
The pitting corrosion probability was assessed through the statistical analysis of tap water quality. The results are useful for the application of 444 SS as well as the design of electric water heater.

Originality/value
This paper shows the variation of polarization resistance, pitting potential, passive film composition and critical pitting chloride concentration with the temperature of tap water. It is of great significance for the development and application of SS in tap water environments.
Taper stacking for the aerodynamic performance of wings
Authors: Kaya Mustafa , Elfarra Munir Ali 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The critical Mach number, lift-to-drag ratio and drag force play important role in the performance of the wings. This paper aims to investigate the effect of taper stacking, which has been used to generalize wing sweeping, on those parameters.

Design/methodology/approach
The results obtained are based on steady-state turbulent flowfields computations. The baseline wing is ONERA M6. Various wing planforms are generated by linearly or parabolically varying the spanwise stacking location. The critical Mach number is determined by changing the freestream Mach number for a fixed angle of attack. On the other hand, the analysis of the drag force is carried out by changing the angle of attack to keep the lift force constant.

Findings
By changing the stacking location, the critical Mach number and the corresponding lift-to-drag ratio have increased by around 7 and 3%, respectively. A reduction of 12.8% in total drag force has been observed in one of the analyzed cases. Moreover, there exist some cases in which the values of drag reduce significantly while the lift is the same.

Practical implications
The results of this new stacking approach have implied that the drag force can be decreased without decreasing the lift. This outcome is valuable for increasing the range and endurance of an aircraft.

Originality/value
This work generalizes wing sweeping by modifying the taper stacking along the span. In literature, wing sweep is enhanced using segmented stacking of taper distribution. The present study is further enhancing this concept by introducing continuous stacking (infinite number of stacking segments) for the first time.
Explaining work motivation through perceived transformational leadership: what to expect in a sample of female employees?
Authors: Morkevičiūtė Modesta , Endriulaitienė Auksė 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to deal with a study aimed at clarifying the relationship between the dimensions of the perceived transformational leadership style and work motivation in a sample of female employees.Design/methodology/approachA total of 168 Lithuanian employees participated in the empirical study. Work motivation was assessed using the work extrinsic and intrinsic motivation scale (Tremblayet al., 2009). The perceived transformational leadership style was assessed with the help of the transformational leadership inventory (Podsakoffet al., 1990).FindingsThe results revealed that both intrinsic and extrinsic work motivation of female employees was enhanced when the leader was perceived as a person articulating the vision of the future, providing an appropriate role model, fostering the acceptance of group goals and applying intellectual stimulation. High-performance expectations of the transformational leader lead to an increased level of women’s extrinsic motivation.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the limited empirical research into the role of discrete dimensions of transformational leadership in determining both intrinsic and extrinsic work motivation of female employees.
Personal sense of power, emotion and compliance in the workplace: a moderated mediation approach
Authors: Laslo-Roth Roni , Schmidt-Barad Tomer 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between personal sense of power (PSP) and compliance as a function of the interaction between negative emotion intensity and emotion regulation tactics.

Design/methodology/approach
First, hypotheses linking PSP to different emotional reactions and to different levels of compliance with two types of conflict management styles were formulated. Subsequently, data were collected in three waves with a five-week interval between them to test the hypotheses.

Findings
Results based on principle component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that workers with high PSP reported lower internalized negative emotions (negative emotions directed to the self) in the workplace and were less inclined to comply with harsh tactics, in comparison to workers with low PSP. The importance of emotional components (suppression and negative emotions in the workplace) was underscored by the moderated mediation model: internalized negative emotions mediated the association between PSP and compliance with harsh tactics as a function of level of suppression such that the link between negative affect and compliance was negative only under high suppression, but not under low suppression.

Research limitations/implications
The findings point to the deleterious influence of high emotional suppression of negative emotions on study behaviors, especially for employees with a low sense of power. Because the data were collected from a single source, which could raise concerns about common method variance and social desirability bias, future study should examine other-reports.

Practical implications
Recruitment and training of employees and managers should aim to create an open and safe organizational environment that encourages emotional expression and lessens emotional suppression.

Social implications
The findings can help develop empowering interventional programs to coach employees to use suppression in an adaptive manner.

Originality/value
The current study sheds new light on the relationships between PSP and compliance from the emotion regulation perspective.
In search of parkrun tourism: destabilising contradictions or progressive conceptual tensions?
Authors: McKendrick John Holland , Bowness James , Tulle Emmanuelle 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to reflect on the nature of “parkrun tourism” and the challenges this presents to the understanding of sports tourism.

Design/methodology/approach
The contradictions and contested terrain of sports tourism is discussed with the reference to three of the most widely used definitions for the field.

Findings
Parkrun tourism is introduced comprising four formats: spanning the domestic and global; the informal and formal; the organic and institutional; and the experience and commercial product.

Research limitations/implications
The particular challenges that parkrun tourism presents to existing understandings of sports tourism is considered. The conclusion discusses the prospect of future research, both empirical and theoretical, on parkrun tourism.

Practical implications
The authors outline a range of ways in which parkrun tourism affords opportunity for further inquiry for parkrun scholarship and sports tourism.

Originality/value
A new specification for sports tourism is proposed that accommodates parkrun tourism.
Renegotiating organisational crisis management in urban tourism: strategic imperatives of niche construction
Authors: Faisal Abrar , Albrecht Julia N. , Coetzee Willem J.L. 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to respond to the strong calls for interdisciplinary solutions to address the many and varied challenges that major disasters create in urban (tourism) spaces, and provide a holistic conceptualisation of organisational responses to disruptions in the external business environment. It argues that organisations need to actively (re)formulate a sustainable business proposition to passively adapt to environmental conditions and modify the selective environment.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a qualitative approach to introducing and examining the concepts and theoretical constructs underpinning the proposed conceptual schemata. The content-driven inductive approach used here is based on an extensive review of the disaster recovery, crisis management, entrepreneurial strategy and urban tourism literature with a focus on organisational perspectives. It systematically brings together the theories and research findings from these separate strands of literature.FindingsWhile the extant literature focuses on the importance of effective adaptability to survive and thrive in environmental uncertainties, some aspects of the relevant evolutionary processes are not addressed in the context of urban tourism. Indeed, a systematic approach that questions how urban tourism and hospitality businesses react to crises has been long overdue. This paper, therefore, introduces niche construction theory (NCT) as an alternative and proposes an integrated framework to understand the environmental conditions of urban tourism and organisational evolution during post-disaster turbulence.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed model emerging from a multidisciplinary literature review acknowledges boundary conditions in the tourism industry-specific interpretation of a crisis situation. The tenets of NCT need to be adopted flexibly rather than as part of a strictly prescriptive process to allow for all aspects of the related business responses to play out and become exposed to the emerging selection pressures.Practical implicationsThe argument underpinned by the theoretical constructs of niche construction encourages and offers a framework for practitioners to actively (re)formulate business proposition and (re)construct organisational niche to survive post-disaster turbulence in the business environment and exert influence over their own evolution.Originality/valueThis paper offers different angles, filters and lenses for constructing and interpreting knowledge of organisational evolution in the context of crisis management. The conceptual schema (Figure 2) emerged as a novel contribution itself providing a necessary lens to interpret the empirical data and understand the complexities of the organisational responses to the disruptive post-disaster turbulence in an urban tourism business environment.
Testing for a common Phillips curve in common monetary area of Southern Africa
Authors: Damane Moeti , Sifat Imtiaz 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThis paper sets out to investigate whether the four members of the common monetary area (CMA) regime experience similar inflation-unemployment dynamics as explained by the Phillips Curve phenomenon.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a combination of seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) and Copula based marginal regression techniques to investigate existence of a common Phillips curve (PC) between members of the CMA. Model estimation was done using country specific annual time series data for inflation, unemployment and imports spanning from 1980 to 2014.FindingsWe find evidence of contemporaneous correlation between the residuals of individual CMA PC equations and a statistically significant trade-off between inflation and unemployment for all CMA countries. Wald test results of cross-equation restrictions reveal a 9.94% chance of a common unemployment coefficient for CMA countries.Originality/valueTogether, the results of the SUR and Gaussian Copula techniques provide mixed and inconclusive evidence to support the existence of a common PC among CMA member states. This study is the first of its kind in examining this phenomenon for currency board regimes like CMA, and one of the very few among emerging market economies.
Transnational regulatory networks: a study in compliance and legitimacy in counter-terrorist financing
Authors: Goldbarsht Doron , Harris Hannah 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the case of counter-terrorist financing (CTF) within the transnational regulatory network (TRN) of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). The paper demonstrates how the structure and operation of the FATF reflect those of a TRN and shows how the FATF has been successful in securing formal compliance with CTF policies.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper stresses that formal compliance does not guarantee actual compliance or effective enforcement. It is argued that the FATF and the CTF regime must balance concerns for legitimacy with those of flexibility and efficiency. Traditionally, TRNs have focused on flexibility, efficiency and informal cooperation over legitimacy. This paper demonstrates that legitimacy concerns cannot be ignored.

Findings
A lack of legitimacy may ultimately result in non-compliance and ineffectiveness. On this basis, current efforts to build legitimacy through the FATF are noted but deemed insufficient. If this balance is not struck, the FATF may be doomed to failure through an overreliance on coercive methods. Particularly in the case of CTF, coercion is insufficient for meaningful compliance. Global enforcement by diverse states is a necessary condition for the success of the regime.

Originality/value
This paper will fill the gaps existing in the literature by examining CTF, as well as the FATF as an example of TRN. This approach differs from other literature in the field, which deals solely with the effectiveness of the FATF and the global CTF without considering the effect of legitimacy on compliance.