bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the total lunar eclipse of 28 July 2018 on the night sky brightness at the Observatorium Ilmu Falak Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara
Authors: Butar-Butar A J R , Raisal A Y , Pramudya Y 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The measurement of the Night Sky Brightness (NSB) has been done at the Observatorium Ilmu Falak Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara (OIF UMSU) during the total lunar eclipse on 28 July 2018. NSB was measured using three Sky Quality Meters (SQMs). We were directing those SQMs to the eastern horizon, zenith, and the western horizon with a resolution of 2 seconds. The results showed that zenith direction SQM data had a change in NSB due to the lunar eclipse. Before the eclipse, the NSB was 14.78 mpsas, and the NSB during the total Moon phase was 18.03 mpsas. While the SQM data in the direction of the eastern and the western horizons are showing insignificant changes, those were 15.58 mpsas and 15.15 mpsas, respectively. These are because fog and light pollution originating from the city center of Medan are heavily influencing the area in the direction of the eastern and western horizons.
Long term orbital dynamics of a retrograde Centaur 2006 RJ2
Authors: Pangestu A D , Dermawan B 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Centaurs are small bodies whose semi-major axes are located between Jupiter and Neptune. They have chaotic orbits and may be in orbital resonances with giant planets. An orbital resonance occurs when a simple commensurability presents between some fundamental frequencies of orbital elements. One of the resonance states is 1:1 (mean motion) resonance or co-orbital with the respected planet. This resonance can also occur in high inclination Centaurs. This study describes the results of long term orbital integration of a retrograde Centaur 2006 RJ2 (inclination of 165°) for 200,000 years. Resonance state of 2006 RJ2 was examined using the FAIR (Fast Identification of Mean Motion Resonance) method for 243 orbital clones with automation by developing Python codes. We report that 2006 RJ2 may be in retrograde 1:1 resonance with Saturn for about 160,000 years in the future. However, the clones exhibit chaotic orbits and show many temporally unstable resonances. Since the quality of its orbital elements is not quite precise, 2006 RJ2 shows a low possibility in the state of long retrograde 1:1 resonance with Saturn.
The Effect of Neutron Decaying to Dark Matter on Properties of Neutron Stars with Hyperons
Authors: Wahidin A B , Sulaksono A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
It has been reported that there is a discrepancy of 4σ in the neutron lifetime measurement with two methods, i.e., the trap method (measuring the number of neutrons remaining in the various time intervals) and beam method (measuring the number of protons formed from regulated neutrons currents). Fornal and Grinstein (2019) proposed that the possibility neutrons decay into the dark matter can explain this discrepancy. In this study, the author asses the consequence of the proposal by studying the impact on neutron stars with Hyperon. Based on our numerical calculation we found that dark matter may be present in the core of a neutron star because it only appears at very high densities, and the population is negligible with a maximum population of about 0.1%
Consumption Evaluation of Energy Consumption and Emissions of BAS KITe in Kuala Terengganu from the Development of Its Driving Cycle
Authors: Anida I.N. , Norbakyah J.S. , Zulfadli M. , Norainiza M.H. , Salisa A.R. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Public transportation transforms communities and the lives of the people dwelling in them via spurring monetary development, promoting sustainable existence and providing a greater first-rate of life. In Kuala Terengganu, an iconic and famous public bus is called ‘BAS KITe’. In order to evaluate the energy consumption and emissions of BAS KITe, its driving cycle needs to be developed. Driving cycle represents traffic behaviour in a specific area or city. Objectives of this paper are; to characterize and validate the parameters of BAS KITe driving cycle with existing driving cycle, to develop BAS KITe driving cycle using k-means method, and to analyse the energy consumption and emissions of BAS KITe driving cycle for conventional and plug-in hybrid electric types using AUTONOMIE software. The methodology consists of data collection, route selection and cycle development. From the validation, it can be concluded that the MATLAB code is acceptable for further analysis. The BAS KITe driving cycle is developed with 36 final micro-trips and 21.49 km/h of average speed. Hence, energy consumption and emissions analysis shows that the PHEB powertrain gives the best result with reduced energy consumption and emissions thereby minimizing the impact on the environment and economy.
Effect of Crack on Bending Process for S55c Carbon Steel with Ultrasonic Testing on Zero Degree Probes
Authors: Ali Kharudin , Rifai Damhuji , Siaw Paw Johnny Koh , Abdalla Ahmed N. , Hen Chong Kok , M.Sukor M. Fadzli , Ismail Zulkifli , Ding Tan Jian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Bending force and fatigue-induced crack is a generally assured trouble in industrial pipe line achieving their original design life. An amount of high-profile accidents has been covered in the past that involved bending and fatigue harm in structures. Such that incidences frequently encounter without prior warnings ascribable deficiency of proper crack monitoring method. Called for to discover and monitor the bending and fatigue crack, ultrasonic (UT) and acoustic emission (AE) technique, has been encountering growing concerns recently. This paper presenting the measurement and effect of bending test at carbon steel plate with different length and defect’s depth by using ultrasonic testing with considering the defect size at failure point. The zero-degree probe and 4MHz excitation frequency is used in UT measuring for condition of S55C carbon steel plate within before bending process and after bending process. From the result show that effect of bending force will increase the velocity (m/s), gain (dB), beam path (mm) and thickness plate (mm) based on the defect sizes. The increasing of four parameters can be explained namely 0.19% - 0.3% velocity, 17% - 20% gain, 10% - 12% beam path and 5.0% - 7.5% thickness of plate.
Internet of Things (IoT) Based Smart Shop (S-SHOP) System with RFID Technique
Authors: Abdullah Samihah , Daud Amerrudin , Mohamad Hadis Nor Shahanim , Hamid Shabinar Abd , Fadhlullah Solahuddin Yusuf , Damanhuri Nor Salwa 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Billing system technology in the market nowadays is less efficient in parallel with revolution of technology. Conventional method widely uses a barcode scanner that has disadvantages as it is a manual system and requires man power. Besides that, the conventional method does not store the information such as warranty of the product and the information of a buyer. Using the smart shop billing system using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) reader and RFID tag, the system will become more efficient and automated. The system consists of two main elements which are passive RFID tag (125 kHz) and RFID reader (ID-20LA) that has similar function with a barcode tag and a barcode scanner. For the hardware components, the Espresso Lite V2.0 acts as a microcontroller and UC00C acts as Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) converter and Arduino IDE is used as a platform to link between hardware and software. The system is completed with the Internet of Things (IoT) technique to make sure the system can be operated wirelessly. As a result, all the information from the reader will be sent to Google spreadsheet as a cloud to store the information about the item to generate GUI bill. In conclusion this proposed system also uses a real time tracking.
Fabrication of Highly Stable Non-Volatile Memory Device Using Plasma-Polymerisation of Hexamethyldisiloxane with Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Ooi Poh Choon , Razip Wee M. F. Mohd. , Hussain Afifuddin Husairi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We demonstrated the fabrication of a highly stable non-volatile memory (NVM) device using pulsed radiofrequency (rf) plasma polymerization and a simple solution route. The two-terminal NVM devices were fabricated based on a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure consisting of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) embedded in hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) dielectric layers. GQDs, the charge trapping layer, and the top contacts were formed by spin coating and spray coating methods. Whereas, the dielectric layers were deposited using pulsed rf plasma polymerization as it is a no thermal stressed induced method to deposit the insulator layers and does not disturb the deposited charge trapping nanoparticles. The current-voltage (I-V) curves showed highly reproducible bistable current behavior with the presence of a hysteresis window when measured at room temperature. The fabricated NVM memory devices were reprogrammable for multiple times with a distinct ON/OFF ratio of 103. Various conduction mechanisms were proposed based on the obtained I-V data.
Ballistic Performance Evaluation of Aluminium Plate Impact by Fragment Simulating Projectile
Authors: Aziz MR , Zainol MF , Othman R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The ballistic performance has drawn attention to researchers from a military background. They intend to provide solutions to ensure the soldiers in the front line of war do not kill in action. A casualty in war can lead to depression among soldiers and not to mention to their family as well. The aim of this work is to provide preliminary data for the ballistic limit velocity, VBL of the hydrodynamic ram study. The test was conducted at Science and Technology Research Institute (STRIDE), Batu Arang, Selangor which is under the Ministry of Defence (MINDEF) Malaysia. The gas gun and fragment simulating projectiles (FSP) were employed in this test. There were about 16 rounds of fire were shot with different velocities from 246 up to 373 m/s. The ballistic limit velocity was calculated by taking the average of an equal number of highest partial perforation and the lowest perforation velocities. It was found that the VBL was equal to 275.8 m/s. On top of that, there were two main failure modes observed i.e. partial penetration and complete penetration.
Transfer Matrix Mathematical Method for Evaluation the DBR Mirror for Light Emitting Diode and Laser
Authors: Sharhan Alaa Abdulwahid 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Applied mathematics is one of the most widely sciences used to serve other sciences, especially physical mathematics, which is one of the most important applied mathematics topics used in physics. In this work, we used the Transfer matrix mathematical method for evaluation the Distributed Bragg Reflectors mirrors for vertical cavity and the wavelength And The method of light extraction from the martials pay attention from the researchers since the LED and Laser become the most popular devices in different applications. This study focused on the development of simulation method to design and optimization for the DBR(Distributed Bragg Reflectors) structures, which are commonly used in designing DBR mirrors for vertical cavity surface emitting GaN based LEDs and lasers. From the multi-layer simulation, the simulation results are given for the investigation of several properties. First, the wavelength(nm) vs. reflectance(%) can be calculated in the DBR structures that TiO2 and SiO2 thin films are stacked alternately. As a results, it is suggested that highly efficient DBR structures can be designed and manufactured using simulation methodology.
Investigation of Arabic gum optical properties as UV-Blue light down conversion for light emitting diode application
Authors: Salah Naeem Hayder , Ahmed Naser M. , Mohammad Sabah M. , Al Shafouri M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
LED’s as energy-efficient lighting is the best way to reduce the cost besides give good brightness. The use of Arabic gum as a remote phosphor for light down conversion. In this study, two experiments were conducted using Gum Arabic Malaysia and Gum Arabic Sudan in several annealing temperature (150°C and 200°C ) and different time 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 minutes and using different mass, 100mg and 150mg. the gum power encapsulated in 0.7ml silicone gel and dried to do remote phosphor using for light conversion. The Gum Arabic from Sudan and Malaysia were measured using HPC-2 light source colorimeter. The measured result show that the gum Arabic has high value in rendering index, CRI (colour rendering index) if the gum annealed at longer time and at the optimal temperature. The CCT (correlated colour temperature) value that show the best result or positive values are below 2500. The gum Arabic with melting process also show improvement in result. The mass of the powder used give high concentration thus the CRI value is nearest to the 80 as references value.
Al doped LiNi0.6Co0.3-xTi0.1AlxO2 cathode material via combustion method
Authors: Wan Azizan Wan Aida Hazwani , Firdaus Kasim Muhd , Rusdi Roshidah , Elong Kelimah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Aluminium (Al) was doped into cobalt sites of LiNi0.6Co0.3Ti0.1O2 (LNCT) material, producing LiNi0.6Co0.29Ti0.1Al0.01O2, LiNi0.6Co0.27Ti0.1Al0.03O2 and LiNi0.6Co0.25Ti0.1Al0.05O2 cathode materials denoted as LCA1, LCA3 and LCA5 respectively. The synthesis of those materials were using self-propagating combustion method. The doping of Al is done to reduce the toxicity of Co element and to stabilize the cathode structure in order to increase the initial discharged capacity of the lithium-ion battery system. The characterization of the materials was done by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Based on the XRD results, all materials showed a single phase structure. Meanwhile, FESEM results revealed that all materials are polyhedral like shape but the Al doped materials have smaller crystallite size than the undoped material. The electrochemical performance of the battery system using the synthesized cathode were tested. According to the battery testing results, the initial discharged capacity of the Al doped battery were successfully increased.
Reactive Sputtering Growth of Indium Nitride Thin Films on Flexible Substrate Under Different Substrate Temperatures
Authors: Osman S. A. , Ng S. S. , Hassan Z. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Indium nitride (InN) thin films were deposited on kapton polyimide substrate by using reactive gas-timing radio frequency (RF) sputtering technique. An indium target with purity of 99.999% was used. Throughout this work, the RF power and gas ratio of argon and nitrogen were maintained at 60 W and 40:60 (Ar:N2), respectively. The substrate temperature was varied from room temperature to 300°C. The surface morphology, structural and electrical properties of the deposited thin films as a function of the substrate temperature were investigated. All the deposited InN thin films have wurtzite crystal structure with preferred orientation along the (101) direction. The InN (101) peak becomes stronger and sharper as the substrate temperature increases from 100°C to 300°C. In addition, the packing density of the grains increases as the substrate temperature increases. The deposited InN films exhibit n-type conductivity behavior and its Hall mobility increases from 720 cm2/V-s to 2670 cm2/V-s as the substrate temperature increases from room temperature to 300 °C. These results imply that nucleation and crystal growth as well as the crystalline quality were improved at higher substrate temperatures. All the results lead to conclude that the optimal substrate temperature for the deposition of InN was 300 °C.
Effects of Different Amounts of Surfactant on Characteristics of Sol-Gel Dip Coated Gallium Nitride Thin Films
Authors: Maizatul H A , Ng S S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the present study, sol-gel dip coating method was used to synthesize GaN thin films. Gallium nitrate hydrate (Ga(NO3)3.xH2O) powder and ethanol were used to prepare the precursor solution and diethanolamine (DEA) was added as stabilizer. Different amount of DEA were added into the gallium nitride (GaN) precursor at 0 ml, 0.10 ml, 0.25 ml, 0.50 ml, 0.75 ml and 1.0 ml respectively. The effects of different amounts of DEA on GaN thin films on structural and optical properties of the GaN films were studied. The high resolution X-ray diffraction results revealed that the deposited GaN thin films have hexagonal wurtzite structure with (002) preferred orientation. The intensity of the GaN (002) diffraction peaks increases with the increase of amount of surfactant from 0 ml to 0.75 ml and degraded at 1.0 ml. The Raman signal of E2 (high) GaN peaks increases and becomes stronger at 0.75 ml. Further increase in the amount of surfactant has caused the intensity of E2 (high) GaN peak decreases. The measured results show that the amount of surfactant exerts a strong influence in improving crystallinity of GaN thin films.
Synthesis and Characterization of Silica Aerogel from Rice Husk with Ambient Pressure Drying Method
Authors: Mohamad Nor Fadilah , Abdul Rani Noor Hidayu , Jehan Elham Omar Syah , Anaziah Muhamad Siti Hajar , Muda Siti Afifah , Basear Yasmin , Mohammed Faisal Muhammad Kamarulariffin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Rice husk has become global concern due to the environmental problem since it has been dumped and open burned that contributed to the emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Therefore, utilization of rice husk to other useable product such as silica aerogel for adsorption has been study recently due to the silica content in rice husk is about 60% and this material is sustainable and cost effective. Silica aerogel was prepared from rice husk ash and dried by using ambient pressure drying method with addition of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) due to its capability to prevent the gel from crack and increase the porosity of gel to increase the capacity of adsorption process. The silica aerogel was further characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Elemental Anaylzer (EA) and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM). The results show that the silica aerogel was successfully synthesized using rice husk ash. The FTIR studies reveal that silica aerogel produced consist of amorphous silica with Si-O-Si bonding and stretching’s. From EA analysis, the carbon in the rice husk decreasing when turn into silica aerogel due to the burning of carbon content in the preparation of silica. The SEM studies confirm that the silica aerogel has a porous structure and has ability to for the application adsorption process such as carbon dioxide adsorption, methylene blue adsorption and others application.
Tensile Properties of Hybrid Pomegranate/Moringa Peel Reinforced Polyester Composites
Authors: Bin Rashidi Ahmad Ramli , Shah Buddin Meor Muhammad Hafiz 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The demand for polymers escalates as a result of its expansive applications in industries such as automotive, aerospace, electronics, packaging and medical. In a reinforced polymer, synthetic fillers have been introduced to modify its mechanical properties. As part of a sustainable development effort, organic fillers are currently used instead of the synthetic type. The current work explored the potential of incorporating pomegranate peel combined with Moringa oleifera pods as a hybrid filler in the polymer to study its effect on the properties of polyester. Samples of polyester composites at different compositions of organic fillers were prepared. The composition of pomegranate peel and Moringa oleifera pods was varied from 0 to 4 wt%. A comparison study was conducted between two hybrid compositions; 4 wt% and 8 wt%. It was observed that incorporating 4 wt% of the hybrid fillers showed better characteristics. This composition of polyester recorded 6.26 MPa, 227.80 MPa and 2.91% of tensile strength(σ), Young’s modulus (E) and elongation at break (ɛ), respectively.
Luminescence Characteristics of Hybridized Polyfluorene
Authors: Hayati Ahmad Farah , Hassan Zainuriah , Jin Quah Hock , Foong Lim Way 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study was to investigate luminescence characteristics of polyfluorene (PF) hybridized with silicone (agar sample) in term of the potential application in optoelectronic. The hybridization was accomplished by preparing silicone mixture comprising of epoxy and resin into different quantities (0.625 mg, 1.25 mg, 2.5 mg) of poly [(9, 9-dioctyl-fluorenyl-2, 7-diyl)-co-(1, 4-phenylene)] end capped with dimethylphenyl dissolved in toluene solution, followed by heating at 40℃ and stirring process for 5 min. In a proof of concept phase, luminescence properties of the hybridized samples were examined by using spectroscopic techniques UV-Visible (UV-VIS), photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL). Changes in term of the peak intensity happened with respect to the quantities of PF being hybridized. Corresponding results have been systematically presented and discussed in this work.
UV Modified Epoxy for LED Encapsulant
Authors: Cheah Lay Boon , Heng C W , Ng S Y , Teh P L , Poopalan P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Light Emitting Diode (LED) packaging is important for the protection and enhancement of light extraction efficiency in LED. The most commonly used encapsulant is epoxy resin, which is the annealing cured. Multilayer time delayed aging of the epoxy resin causes delamination during packaging process. Ultraviolet (UV) modification is introduced in the curing process of epoxy resin to enhance the curing process of the epoxy. In this paper, the samples tested are either modified with UV or vice versa. Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) is used for the analysis of the sample. Six samples are tested. Data analysis is based on the heat of reactions between the mixed materials; either the process is exothermic or endothermic when the temperature changes. The reaction between the materials determines its ability to crosslink, viscosity and temperature control for the whole reaction.
Stability of quantum linear logic circuits against perturbations
Authors: Babushkin Ihar , Morgner Uwe , Demircan Ayhan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Here we study transformation of waveshapes of photons under the action of the linear logic circuits and other related architectures involving only linear optical networks and measurements. We show that the gates are working well not only in the case when all photons are separable and located in the same mode, but in some more general cases. For instance, the photonic waveshapes are allowed to be slightly different in different channels; in this case, Zeno effect prevents the photons from decoherence after the measurement, and the gate thus remains neutral to the small waveshape perturbations.
Recent advances in user-friendly computational tools to engineer protein function
Authors: Sequeiros-Borja Carlos Eduardo , Surpeta Bartłomiej , Brezovsky Jan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProgress in technology and algorithms throughout the past decade has transformed the field of protein design and engineering. Computational approaches have become well-engrained in the processes of tailoring proteins for various biotechnological applications. Many tools and methods are developed and upgraded each year to satisfy the increasing demands and challenges of protein engineering. To help protein engineers and bioinformaticians navigate this emerging wave of dedicated software, we have critically evaluated recent additions to the toolbox regarding their application for semi-rational and rational protein engineering. These newly developed tools identify and prioritize hotspots and analyze the effects of mutations for a variety of properties, comprising ligand binding, protein–protein and protein–nucleic acid interactions, and electrostatic potential. We also discuss notable progress to target elusive protein dynamics and associated properties like ligand-transport processes and allosteric communication. Finally, we discuss several challenges these tools face and provide our perspectives on the further development of readily applicable methods to guide protein engineering efforts.