bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral oxygenation monitoring during resuscitation by emergency medical technicians: a prospective multicenter observational study
Authors: Hamanaka Kunio , Shimoto Manabu , Hitosugi Masahito , Beppu Satoru , Terashima Mariko , Sasahashi Nozomu , Nishiyama Kei 
Published: June 2020

AimTo assess the feasibility and predictive ability of regional cerebral oxygen saturation monitoring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation by emergency medical technicians.MethodsThis prospective observational study included 33 cardiac arrest patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a prehospital setting. Patients were connected to a near‐infrared spectrometer through two disposable probes immediately after entering the ambulance. The monitor, which showed regional cerebral oxygen saturation readings, was obscured by covering it with a sheet of paper. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation was measured continuously until hospital arrival. Outcome variables included the prehospital return of spontaneous circulation, survival to hospital admission, and survival at 90 days.ResultsFor patients who survived >90 days after hospital admission (n = 2), the mean regional cerebral oxygen saturation values upon ambulance and hospital arrival were 24% and 60%, respectively; for patients who did not survive (n = 31), the mean regional cerebral oxygen saturation values were 15% and 17%, respectively. Regional cerebral oxygen saturation values increased to a greater extent between ambulance arrival and hospital arrival in patients who survived >90 days (median, 36%; interquartile range, 32–40%) than in those who did not survive (0; 0–6%; P = 0.07). Additionally, regional cerebral oxygen saturation values were not related to the prehospital return of spontaneous circulation or survival to hospital admission.ConclusionRegional cerebral oxygen saturation could be monitored during resuscitation by emergency medical technicians, and it can be used during physiological monitor‐guided cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Regeneration of Burnt Bridges on a DNA Catenane Walker
Authors: Valero Julián , Famulok Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDNA walkers are molecular machines that can move with high precision onthe nanoscale due to their structural and functional programmability. Despite recent advances in the field that allow exploring different energy sources, stimuli, and mechanisms of action for these nanomachines, the continuous operation and reusability of DNA walkers remains challenging because in most cases the steps, once taken by the walker, cannot be taken again. Herein we report the path regeneration of a burnt‐bridges DNA catenane walker using RNase A. This walker uses a T7RNA polymerase that produces long RNA transcripts to hybridize to the path and move forward while the RNA remains hybridized to the path and blocks it for an additional walking cycle. We show that RNA degradation triggered by RNase A restores the path and returns the walker to the initial position. RNase inhibition restarts the function of the walker.
A Complex Comprising a Cyanine Dye Rotaxane and a Porphyrin Nanoring as a Model Light‐Harvesting System
Authors: Pruchyathamkorn Jiratheep , Kendrick William J. , Frawley Andrew T. , Mattioni Andrea , Caycedo‐Soler Felipe , Huelga Susana F. , Plenio Martin B. , Anderson Harry L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA nanoring‐rotaxane supramolecular assembly with a Cy7 cyanine dye (hexamethylindotricarbocyanine) threaded along the axis of the nanoring was synthesized as a model for the energy transfer between the light‐harvesting complex LH1 and the reaction center in purple bacteria photosynthesis. The complex displays efficient energy transfer from the central cyanine dye to the surrounding zinc porphyrin nanoring. We present a theoretical model that reproduces the absorption spectrum of the nanoring and quantifies the excitonic coupling between the nanoring and the central dye, thereby explaining the efficient energy transfer and demonstrating similarity with structurally related natural light‐harvesting systems.
Bilayer‐Templated Two‐Dimensional RAFT Polymerization for Directed Assembly of Polymer Nanostructures
Authors: Dergunov Sergey A. , Pinkhassik Eugene 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCo‐localization of monomers, crosslinkers, and chain‐transfer agents (CTA) within self‐assembled bilayers in an aqueous suspension enabled the successful directed assembly of nanocapsules using a reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process without compromising the polymerization kinetics. This study uncovered substantial influence of the organized medium on the course of the reaction, including differential reactivity based on placement and mobility of monomers, crosslinkers, and CTAs within the bilayer.
NIR‐NIR‐Aufkonvertierung in molekularen Chrom‐Ytterbium‐Salzen
Authors: Kalmbach Jens , Wang Cui , You Yi , Förster Christoph , Schubert Hartmut , Heinze Katja , Resch‐Genger Ute , Seitz Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhotonen‐Aufkonvertierung in hetero‐oligonuklearen, Metallkomplex‐Architekturen mit organischen Liganden ist ein interessantes, aber bisher selten beobachtetes Phänomen, trotz des großen Potentials sowohl aus Sicht der Grundlagenforschung als auch aus der Anwendungsperspektive. Nun wurde ein neues photonisches Material aus molekularen Chrom(III)‐ und Ytterbium(III)‐Komplexionen entwickelt. Dieses zeigt im Festkörper bei Raumtemperatur abhängig von der Anregungsleistungsdichte nach Anregung des 2F7/2→2F5/2‐Überganges des Ytterbiums bei ca. 980 nm eine kooperative Sensibilisierung der Chrom(III)‐zentrierten 2E/2T1‐Phosphoreszenz bei ca. 775 nm. Der Aufkonvertierungsprozess ist unempfindlich gegenüber Luftsauerstoff und kann in Gegenwart von Wassermolekülen im Kristallgitter beobachtet werden.
Fusion‐Induced Structural and Functional Evolution in Binary Emulsion Communities
Authors: Chen Haixu , Li Weiran , Lin Youping , Wang Lei , Liu Xiaoman , Huang Xin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe biomimetic dynamic behaviours of emulsions are receiving increasing attention from the broad scientific community; however, the spatiotemporal control and functionalization of emulsions based on simple fusion‐induced method is rarely mentioned. A design for protein‐stabilized oil‐in‐water droplets and phospholipid‐stabilized oil‐in‐water droplets is described and a substance‐diffusion‐mediated fusion mechanism proposed within these two different emulsion communities. Significantly, a range of fusion‐induced high‐order behaviours were successfully demonstrated including competitive fusion, fusion‐induced evolution in membrane complexity, and diversified structures with the formation of Janus or various patchy morphologies, fusion‐induced membrane maturation, as well as fusion‐induced multifunctionalization with a directional motility behaviour. These results highlight the fusion‐induced diverse dynamic behaviours in complex emulsions communities and provide a platform for advancing versatile applications of emulsions.
Synthetic Organic Design for Solar Fuel Systems
Authors: Warnan Julien , Reisner Erwin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFrom the understanding of biological processes and metalloenzymes to the development of inorganic catalysts, electro‐ and photocatalytic systems for fuel generation have evolved considerably during the last decades. Recently, organic and hybrid organic systems have emerged to challenge the classical inorganic structures through their enormous chemical diversity and modularity that led earlier to their success in organic (opto)electronics. This Minireview describes recent advances in the design of synthetic organic architectures and promising strategies toward (solar) fuel synthesis, highlighting progress on materials from organic ligands and chromophores to conjugated polymers and covalent organic frameworks.
Surface‐Plasmonic‐Field‐Induced Photoredox Catalysis and Mediated Electron Transfer for Washing‐Free DNA Detection
Authors: Kim Jihyeon , Park Jongkyoon , Park Seonhwa , Seo Jeongwook , Kwon Jeongwook , Lee Hyunsoo , Kim Seungchul , Yang Haesik 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDistance‐dependent electromagnetic radiation and electron transfer have been commonly employed in washing‐free fluorescence and electrochemical bioassays, respectively. In this study, we combined the two distance‐dependent phenomena for sensitive washing‐free DNA detection. A distance‐dependent surface plasmonic field induces rapid photoredox catalysis of surface‐bound catalytic labels, and distance‐dependent mediated electron transfer allows for rapid electron transfer from the surface‐bound labels to the electrode. An optimal system consists of a chemically reversible acceptor (Ru(NH3)63+), a chemically reversible photoredox catalyst (eosin Y), and a chemically irreversible donor (triethanolamine). Side reactions with O2 do not significantly decrease the efficiency of photoredox catalysis. Energy transfer quenching between the electrode and the label can be lowered by increasing the distance between them. Washing‐free DNA detection had a detection limit of approximately 0.3 nm in buffer and 0.4 nm in serum without a washing step.
Nonlinear influences of process parameters on mechanical properties of physically foamed, fiber‐reinforced polypropylene parts
Authors: Kastner Clemens , Steinbichler Georg , Kahlen Susanne , Jerabek Michael , Lummerstorfer Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe importance of foam injection molded components in industrial applications increases, above all driven by sustainability concerns. In practice, their applicability almost exclusively depends on their mechanical behavior, which is still difficult to predict based on their microstructure. This work aims to present an approach based upon phenomenological observations. From a processing perspective, the objective is to describe the direct processing‐properties‐relationship. Therefore, this work focuses on the effects of different processing parameters on selected final mechanical properties of foam injection molded components using glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene. A full factorial, central composite design allows for the detection of nonlinear effects, the application of response surface methodology, and the creation of contour plots. Considering three important process parameters (mold temperature, degree of foaming, delay time) and—for the automotive industry—highly important mechanical properties in bi‐ and uniaxial bending, the results show a detailed picture of individual dependences, but also two‐dimensional interactions between the different process parameters. Improvements of more than 140% in absorbed energy and flexural stiffness were obtained at constant part weight. Modulus and strength were increased by 37 and 44%, respectively.
Association of Anti–Topoisomerase I Antibodies of the IgM Isotype With Disease Progression in Anti–Topoisomerase I–Positive Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Boonstra Maaike , Bakker Jaap A. , Grummels Annette , Ninaber Maarten K. , Ajmone Marsan Nina , Wortel Corrie M. , Huizinga Tom W. J. , Jordan Suzana , Hoffman‐Vold Anna‐Maria , Distler Oliver , Toes René E. M. , Scherer Hans Ulrich , de Vries‐Bouwstra Jeska K. 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveAnti–topoisomerase I (anti–topo I) autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis (SSc) are associated with diffuse skin involvement and interstitial lung fibrosis. Thus far, however, the relationship between anti–topo I antibody response and disease course has not yet been fully evaluated. This study was undertaken to gain insight into the association between characteristics of the anti–topo I antibody response and clinical disease course in SSc patients positive for anti–topo I antibodies.MethodsLevels of anti–topo I IgG, anti–topo I IgM, and anti–topo I IgA were assessed in consecutive serum samples obtained from patients at baseline who were positive for anti–topo I IgG in the Leiden Combined Care In Systemic Sclerosis (CCISS) cohort. One‐year disease progression was defined by a relevant increase in modified Rodnan skin thickness score (MRSS), decline in pulmonary function, development of digital ulcers, renal crisis, and pulmonary hypertension, and/or mortality. Validation was performed in SSc patients who were positive for anti–topo I from the Oslo University Hospital and University Hospital Zurich.ResultsOf the 103 patients with anti–topo I IgG in the CCISS cohort, clinical data were available to assess 1‐year disease progression in 81 patients. Of these 81 patients, 23 (28%) had disease progression. At baseline, patients with disease progression were significantly more often anti–topo I IgM–positive than those who did not experience disease progression (21 [91%] of 23 versus 33 [57%] of 58; P < 0.01). This finding was confirmed in the independent validation samples.ConclusionIn SSc patients who were anti–topo I IgG–positive, presence of anti–topo I IgM, which might be considered as a surrogate for an ongoing autoreactive B cell immune response, is associated with disease progression.
Side‐chain thioamides as fluorescence quenching probes
Authors: Robkis D. Miklos , Hoang Eileen M. , Po Pengse , Deutsch Carol J. , Petersson E. James 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThioamides, single atom oxygen‐to‐sulfur substitutions of canonical amide bonds, can be valuable probes for protein folding and protease studies. Here, we investigate the fluorescence quenching properties of thioamides incorporated into the side‐chains of amino acids. We synthesize and incorporate Fmoc‐protected, solid‐phase peptide synthesis building blocks for introducing Nε‐thioacetyl‐lysine and γ‐thioasparagine. Using rigid model peptides, we demonstrate the distance‐dependent fluorescence quenching of these thioamides. Furthermore, we describe attempts to incorporate of Nε‐thioacetyl‐lysine into proteins expressed in Escherichia coli using amber codon suppression.
Consolidated bioprocessing performance of a two‐species microbial consortium for butanol production from lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Jiang Yujia , Lv Yang , Wu Ruofan , Lu Jiasheng , Dong Weiliang , Zhou Jie , Zhang Wenming , Xin Fengxue , Jiang Min 
Published: June 2020

AbstractConsolidated bioprocessing (CBP) by using microbial consortium was considered as a promising approach to achieve direct biofuel production from lignocellulose. In this study, the interaction mechanism of microbial consortium consisting of Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum M5 and Clostridium acetobutylicum NJ4 was analyzed, which could achieve efficient butanol production from xylan through CBP. Strain M5 possesses efficient xylan degradation capability, as 19.73 g/L of xylose was accumulated within 50 hr. The efficient xylose utilization capability of partner strain NJ4 could relieve the substrate inhibition to hydrolytic enzymes of xylanase and xylosidase secreted by strain M5. In addition, the earlier solventogenesis of strain NJ4 was observed due to the existence of butyrate generated by strain M5. The mutual interaction of these two strains finally gave 13.28 g/L of butanol from 70 g/L of xylan after process optimization, representing a relatively high butanol production from hemicellulose. Moreover, 7.61 g/L of butanol was generated from untreated corncob via CBP. This successfully constructed microbial consortium exhibits efficient cooperation performance on butanol production from lignocellulose, which could provide a platform for the emerging butanol production from lignocellulose.
Introducing innovative technologies in higher education: An experience in using geographic information systems for the teaching‐learning process
Authors: Pérez‐delHoyo Raquel , Mora Higinio , Martí‐Ciriquián Pablo , Pertegal‐Felices María L. , Mollá‐Sirvent Rafael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn today's world, new technologies are being used for the teaching‐learning process in the classroom. Their use to support learning can provide significant advantages for the teaching‐learning process and have potential benefits for students, as many of these technologies are a part of the work life of many current professions. The aim of this study is to analyse the use of innovative technologies for engineering and science education after examining the data obtained from students in their learning process and experiences. The study has been focused on computational geographic information systems, which allow access to and management of large volumes of information and data, and on the assessment of this tool as a basis for a suitable methodology to enhance the teaching‐learning process, taking into account the great social impact of big data. The results allow identifying the main advantages, opportunities, and drawbacks of using these technological tools for educational purposes. Finally, a set of initiatives has been proposed to complement the teaching activity and to improve user experience in the educational field.
A case of bullous pemphigoid showing antigenic competition‐like phenomenon
Authors: Fukuda Masahiro , Nobeyama Yoshimasa , Sekiyama Hiroko , Asahina Akihiko 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAntigenic competition in the skin is a phenomenon in which the current dermatitis is distributed away from the area of previously existing dermatitis. Bullous pemphigoid may present such phenomenon, even if the responsible antigen was the same.
Exfoliated Single Layers of Layered Cobalt Hydroxide for Ultrafine Co3O4 Nanoparticles on Graphene Nanosheets as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Kwon Sunglun , Lee Hyung Tae , Lee Jong Hyeon 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA highly effective way to produce an oxygen reduction electrocatalyst was developed through the self‐assembly of exfoliated single layers of cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)2) and graphene oxide (GO). These 2D materials have complete contact with one another because of their physical flexibility and the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged GO and positively charged Co(OH)2 layers. The strong coupling induces transformation of the Co(OH)2 single layer into a discrete nanocrystal of spinel Co3O4 with an average size of 8 nm on reduced GO (RGO) during calcination, which could not be obtained with bulk‐layered cobalt hydroxide because of its rapid layer collapse. The ultrafine Co3O4/RGO hybrid exhibited not only comparable performance in the oxygen reduction reaction but also higher durability compared with the commercial 20 wt % Pt/C catalyst.
Ni[B2(SO4)4] and Co[B2(SO4)4]: Unveiling Systematic Trends in Phyllosilicate Analogue Borosulfates
Authors: Pasqualini Leonard C. , Janka Oliver , Olthof Selina , Huppertz Hubert , Liedl Klaus R. , Pöttgen Rainer , Podewitz Maren , Bruns Jörn 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBorosulfates are compounds analogous to silicates, with heteropolyanionic subunits of vertex‐linked (SO4)‐ and (BO4)‐tetrahedra. In contrast to the immense structural diversity of silicates, the number of borosulfates is yet very limited and the extent of their properties is still unknown. This is particularly true for representatives with phyllosilicate and tectosilicate analogue anionic substructures. Herein, we present Ni[B2(SO4)4] and Co[B2(SO4)4], two new borosulfates with phyllosilicate analogue topology. While the anionic subunits of both structures are homeotypic, the positions of the charge compensating cations differ significantly: NiII is located between the borosulfate layers, while CoII—in contrast—is embedded within the layer. Detailed analysis of these two structures based on single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, magnetochemical investigations, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations, unveiled the reasons for this finding. By in silico comparison with other divalent borosulfates, we uncovered systematic trends for phyllosilicate analogues leading to the prediction of new species.
Functionalized Surfaces
Authors: Heinzerling Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIm Beitrag werden schulgerechte Experimente mit beschichtetem Glas vorgestellt. Diese führen zu nanoskaligen Oberflächen mit neuen Eigenschaften. Bei Beschichtungen mithilfe des Sol‐Gel‐Verfahrens auf der Basis von Tetraorthoethylsilikat (TEOS) kann man Antikkratz‐ und Antireflex‐Eigenschaften erzeugen, wie sie auf Kunststoff‐Brillengläsern zu finden sind. Diese werden mit einfachen Methoden untersucht. Beschichtungen mit Titandioxid führen zu photokatalytischen Eigenschaften, wie man sie bei selbst reinigenden Fenstergläsern findet. Diese Eigenschaften werden durch die Entfärbung von Methylenblau nachgewiesen. Ein weiteres Verfahren ist die Reaktion geeigneter Materialien mit Trichlormethylsilan, was zu superhydrophoben Eigenschaften führt.
Mutable locks: Combining the best of spin and sleep locks
Authors: Marotta Romolo , Tiriticco Davide , Di Sanzo Pierangelo , Pellegrini Alessandro , Ciciani Bruno , Quaglia Francesco 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIn this article, we present mutable locks, a synchronization construct with the same semantic of traditional locks (such as spin locks or sleep locks), but with a self‐tuned optimized trade‐off between responsiveness and CPU‐time usage during threads' wait phases. Mutable locks tackle the need for efficient synchronization supports in the era of multicore machines, where the run‐time performance should be optimized while reducing resource usage. This goal should be achieved with no intervention by the programmers. Our proposal is intended for exploitation in generic concurrent applications, where scarce or no knowledge is available about the underlying software/hardware stack and the workload. This is an adverse scenario for static choices between spinning and sleeping, which is tackled by our mutable locks thanks to their hybrid waiting phase and self‐tuning capabilities.
Centerband‐Only Detection of Exchange NMR with Natural‐Abundance Correction Reveals an Expanded Unit Cell in Phenylalanine Crystals
Authors: Xue Kai , Dervisoglu Riza , Sowa Heidrun , Andreas Loren B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe NMR pulse sequence CODEX (centerband‐only detection of exchange) is a widely used method to report on the number of magnetically inequivalent spins that exchange magnetization via spin diffusion. For crystals, this rules out certain symmetries, and the rate of equilibration is sensitive to distances. Here we show that for 13C CODEX, consideration of natural abundance spins is necessary for crystals of high complexity, demonstrated here with the amino acid phenylalanine. The NMR data rule out the C2 space group that was originally reported for phenylalanine, and are only consistent with a larger unit cell containing eight magnetically inequivalent molecules. Such an expanded cell was recently described based on single crystal data. The large unit cell dictates the use of long spin diffusion times of more than 200 seconds, in order to equilibrate over the entire unit cell volume of 1622 Å3.
Acid‐Stable Ester Linkers for the Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Immobilized Peptides
Authors: Pícha Jan , Buděšínský Miloš , Mitrová Katarína , Jiráček Jiří 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA series of N‐terminally Fmoc‐protected linkers of the general formula Fmoc‐X−CO−O−Y−COOH have been prepared, where X is −NH−CH2−CH2‐ or ‐p‐(aminomethyl)phenyl‐ and Y is −(CH2)n− (n is 1 or 4) or ‐p‐(methyl)phenyl‐. These linkers can easily be covalently attached via their C‐terminal carboxyl group to a resin bearing a free amino group. After cleavage of the N‐terminal Fmoc group, the linkers can be extended by standard solid‐phase peptide synthesis techniques. These ester linkers are acid‐stable and resistant to the base‐mediated diketopiperazine formation that often occurs during the synthesis of ester‐bound peptides; they are stable at neutral pH in aqueous buffers for days but can be effectively cleaved with 0.1 m NaOH or aq. ammonia within minutes or hours, respectively. These properties make these ester handles well suited for use as linkers for the solid‐phase peptide synthesis of immobilized peptides when the stable on‐resin immobilization of the peptides and the testing of their biological properties in aqueous buffers at neutral pH are necessary.