bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Knowledge About One's Dementia Status
Authors: Lin Pei‐Jung , Emerson Joanna , Faul Jessica D. , Cohen Joshua T. , Neumann Peter J. , Fillit Howard M. , Daly Allan T. , Margaretos Nikoletta , Freund Karen M. 
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVESTo examine racial and ethnic differences in knowledge about oneʼs dementia status.DESIGNProspective cohort study.SETTINGThe 2000 to 2014 Health and Retirement Study.PARTICIPANTSOur sample included 8,686 person‐wave observations representing 4,065 unique survey participants, aged 70 years or older, with dementia, as identified by a well‐validated statistical prediction model based on individual demographic and clinical characteristics.MEASUREMENTSPrimary outcome measure was knowledge of oneʼs dementia status, as reported in the survey. Patient characteristics included race/ethnicity, age, sex, survey year, cognition, function, comorbidity, and whether living in a nursing home.RESULTSAmong subjects identified as having dementia by the prediction model, 43.5% to 50.2%, depending on the survey year, reported that they were informed of the dementia status by their physician. This proportion was lower among Hispanics (25.9%‐42.2%) and non‐Hispanic blacks (31.4%‐50.5%) than among non‐Hispanic whites (47.7%‐52.9%). Our fully adjusted regression model indicated lower dementia awareness among non‐Hispanic blacks (odds ratio [OR] = 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.58‐0.94) and Hispanics (OR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.43‐0.85), compared to non‐Hispanic whites. Having more instrumental activity of daily living limitations (OR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.56‐1.75) and living in a nursing home (OR = 2.78; 95% CI = 2.32‐3.32) were associated with increased odds of subjects reporting being told about dementia by a physician.CONCLUSIONLess than half of individuals with dementia reported being told by a physician about the condition. A higher proportion of non‐Hispanic blacks and Hispanics with dementia may be unaware of their condition, despite higher dementia prevalence in these groups, compared to non‐Hispanic whites. Dementia outreach programs should target diverse communities with disproportionately high disease prevalence and low awareness. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1763‐1770, 2020.
Eosinophilic folliculitis of the scalp associated with PD‐1/PDL1 inhibitors
Authors: Rossi Alfredo , Magri Francesca , Caro Gemma , Federico Alessandro , Fortuna Maria Caterina , Soda Giuseppe , De Vincentiis Ludovica , Carlesimo Marta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors are monoclonal antibodies which target immune “checkpoints” enhancing T cell–mediated cytotoxic and antitumor responses. Together to the amazing results, these drugs are associated with some peculiar adverse events called immune‐related adverse events. Alopecia is one of these. It is usually reported to be clinically and histologically similar to alopecia areata.AimsWe report a case of eosinophilic folliculitis of the scalp occurred during nivolumab therapy, its management and some pathogenetic hypotheses.PatientHerein, we report the first case of eosinophilic folliculitis of the scalp occurred during nivolumab therapy, firstly appeared as a lichen planopilaris. Topical steroids and fusidic acid cream were applied with partial benefit and a scaring outcome. No discontinuation of nivolumab was required.ConclusionImmune checkpoint inhibitors induced inflammatory response leads to the exposure of hair follicle antigens and a consequent loss of Immuno Privilege. We hypothesize a role of steroids in deviating a primarily lichenoid reaction toward a folliculitis.
Ophthalmoplegia with skin necrosis after a hyaluronic acid filler injection
Authors: Kim Beom‐Jun , You Hi‐Jin , Jung Ileok , Kim Deok‐Woo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHyaluronic acid filler injection is commonly used for aesthetic purposes. However, many clinicians neglect the possibility of developing vascular occlusion and its devastating sequelae. Besides visual loss after iatrogenic ophthalmic artery occlusion, ophthalmoplegia without blindness is rare but may occur. Here, we report a 23‐year‐old woman with ptosis, lateral deviation of the right eye, and skin necrosis after hyaluronic acid filler injection. After hyaluronidase injection and steroid pulse therapy, ptosis and eye movement were completely restored. Skin necrosis was treated with a human epithelial growth factor ointment, followed by Nd:YAG laser. Complete healing with minimal scar was achieved.
Comparative skin penetration profiles of formulations including ultradeformable liposomes as potential nanocosmeceutical carriers
Authors: Izquierdo María Cecilia , Lillo Cristian R. , Bucci Paula , Gómez Gisela Eliane , Martínez Luis , Alonso Silvia del Valle , Calienni María Natalia , Montanari Jorge 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundUltradeformable liposomes are promising carriers for cosmeceutical actives as they can be loaded with molecules of different polarities, and they present unique penetration properties.AimsWhile those features have already been tested, we wanted to know whether their special penetration properties could be maintained after incorporation in diverse cosmetic vehicles, including commercial products already in the market.MethodsUltradeformable liposomes loaded with a lipophilic and a hydrophilic fluorescent probe were prepared by lipid film resuspension, followed by extrusion and incorporation to different vehicles and commercial products. Penetration was determined in human and pig skin by incubation, with the Saarbrücken penetration model, followed by the recovery of the probes or by fluorescence microscopy.ResultsThe incorporation of ultradeformable liposomes to cosmetic vehicles did not alter their penetration in most of the cases for human skin explants. Pig skin penetration presented significant differences compared with human explants.ConclusionsUltradeformable liposomes could be useful as versatile cosmeceutical carriers in final product formulations.
Chin augmentation with the use of cannula from a single, midline entry point: Evaluation of 50 patients
Authors: Sahan Ali , Karaosmanoglu Nermin , Ozdemir Cetinkaya Pınar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundA chin that is of right size, shape, and contour plays a crucial role in overall facial balance and esthetically harmonious appearance. Dermal fillers have been widely used for correcting mild to moderate chin retrusion and resorption.AimsThe aim of this study was to share our preferential technique for chin augmentation and to evaluate our results in 50 patients.MethodsA total of 50 patients consisting of females who received hyaluronic acid injection for chin augmentation and rejuvenation were enrolled in the study. We have described chin augmentation technique with the use of cannula from a single, midline entry point.ResultsThe study included 50 female patients, and the mean age was 37.56 ± 8.84 years. The median injected filler volume for augmentation of the mental area was 2.25 mL (minimum = 1, maximum = 4 mL). Four (8%) patients had ecchymosis related to the procedure.ConclusionChin has a profound effect on the perception of attractiveness and is an area of concern for rejuvenation of the lower third of the face. Our preferential technique allows the practitioners to increase the likelihood of a satisfactory esthetic outcomes and minimize the risks of the procedure.
Ultrasound screening and management of vasa previa in Japan
Authors: Furuya Natsumi , Sasaki Takamichi , Homma Chika , Hasegawa Junichi , Suzuki Nao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to clarify ultrasound screening and management for vasa previa (VP) in perinatal centers and primary facilities in Japan.MethodsA questionnaire survey about antepartum ultrasound screening and management for VP was delivered in 2018. Questions were sent by email or post to perinatal centers and randomly selected primary hospitals or clinics throughout Japan.ResultsSeventy‐seven perinatal centers and 300 primary facilities answered. VP was screened in 85.7% of perinatal centers and 81.3% of primary facilities. The reported incidence of VP was 0.05% (86/158 323) and 0.05% (28/54 791) in perinatal centers and primary facilities, respectively. When patients were diagnosed with VP, 88.7% of primary facilities referred the patient to a tertiary hospital. Routine hospitalization (100%) and steroid administration (46%) were frequently performed in perinatal centers. The median gestational age at planned cesarean section was significantly earlier in perinatal centers (34 weeks) than in primary facilities (37 weeks). Of the 31 reported cases of VP, 30 were reported as intact survival, but 1 case required an emergency cesarean section at 38 weeks of gestation without an antenatal diagnosis, resulting in neonatal death.ConclusionMore than 80% of obstetric facilities both perinatal centers and clinics in Japan perform ultrasound screening with for VP with similar detection rate. However, to further improve perinatal outcomes related to VP, pathophysiology and diagnosis of VP should be more widely recognized by obstetric caregivers throughout Japan.
Paludicola gen. nov. and Revision of the Species Formerly in Batrachospermum Section Turfosa (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Vis Morgan L. , Lee Janina , Eloranta Pertti , Chapuis Iara S. , Lam Daryl W. , Necchi Orlando 
Published: April 2020

Since the first phylogenetic study of the order Batrachospermales, Batrachospermum was shown to be paraphyletic. Subsequently, sections of the genus have been methodically investigated using DNA sequences and morphology in order to propose new genera and delineate species. Batrachospermum section Turfosa is the last section with multiple species yet to be examined. New sequence data of specimens from Europe and the United States were combined with the sparse sequence data already available. Phylogenetic analyses using rbcL and COI‐5P sequences showed this section to be a well‐supported clade, distinct from Batrachospermum section Batrachospermum and its segregate genera. Section Turfosa is raised to the generic rank as Paludicola gen. nov. Substantial genetic variation within the genus was discovered and 12 species are recognized based on DNA sequence data as well as morphological characters and geographic distribution. The following morphological characters were applied to distinguish species: branching pattern (pseudodichotomous or irregular), whorl size (reduced or well developed), primary fascicles (curved or straight), spermatangia origin (primary or secondary fascicles), and carposporophyte arrangement (loose or dense). Previously published species were transferred to the new genus: P. turfosa, P. keratophyta, P. orthosticha, P. phangiae, and P. periploca. Seven new species are proposed as follows: P. groenbladii from Europe; P. communis, P. johnhallii, and P. leafensis from North America; and P. aquanigra, P. diamantinensis, and P. turfosiformis from Brazil. In addition, three unsequenced species in the section, P. bakarensis, P. gombakensis, and P. tapirensis, were transferred to the new genus.
Phenytoin sodium‐ameliorated gingival fibroblast aging is associated with autophagy
Authors: Kang Yi , Yang Ruhui , Wei Zhe , Zhu Daqun , Tang Tingbing , Zhu Licheng , Hu Xiaoxia , Zha Guangyu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveHuman gingival fibrolasts aging is an important cause of periodontal disease. Phenytoin sodium (phenytoin) has a side effect of gingival hyperplasia and an effect on the autophagy progress. This study investigated whether the effect of phenytoin on aging gingival fibroblast is related to the autophagy pathway.Material and MethodsThe aging model of gingival fibroblast cell line HGF‐1 was induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the treatment of phenytoin and 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) was performed simultaneously. Cell viability, cell cycle, and intracellular calcium ion were measured by flow cytometry. Changes in expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), P16INK4A, P21cip1, and bFGF, P16INK4A, P21cip1, LC3II, p62, and Beclin were tested by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunofluorescence staining.ResultsThe results showed that aging HGF‐1 proliferation was inhibited by H2O2, gene, protein expression of bFGF, P16INK4A, and P21cip1 were decreased, autophagy‐related proteins LC3II, p62, and Becline were decreased, and the proportion of G0/G1 phase and intracellular calcium ion of cell cycle was increased. Phenytoin treatment could recovery above changes, but the effect of phenytoin could be blocked by 3‐MA.ConclusionWe propose that phenytoin alleviates the aging of gingival fibroblasts induced by H2O2. This condition is related to the enhancement of autophagy pathway.
Dynamic viscoelastic behavior of bovine periodontal ligament in compression
Authors: Najafidoust Mohammad , Hashemi Ata , Oskui Iman Z. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAs the main connector of teeth to the surrounding bone, the periodontal ligament (PDL) plays an important role in absorption and distribution of physiological and para‐physiological loading. Despite the difference in the mechanical response of the PDL in tension and compression, little information is available on its viscoelastic behavior in compression. To explore the contribution of the fluid phase of the PDL, the aim of the present study was to measure its nonlinear time‐dependent behavior in compression.Material and MethodsThe in vitro dynamic compressive tests were carried out over a wide range of frequencies at three different preloads. Also, a generalized Maxwell model was proposed based on the experimental data to develop a viscoelastic model for subsequent computational analysis of the PDL.ResultsThe higher values of loss factor in compression found in the range of 0.03‐0.4 than those of 0.04‐0.08 reported in tension, implies the focal role of the fluid phase in compressive dynamic response. Furthermore, the model parameters predicted that with an increase in preload, the role of the viscous components decrease, whereas the role of the elastic component increases.ConclusionThe viscous effect of the PDL in compression is greater than that in tension. Also, the dependence of the relaxation modulus of the bovine PDL on the applied load indicates its nonlinear viscoelastic behavior in compression.
Association of sleep spindle characteristics with executive functioning in healthy sedentary middle‐aged and older adults
Authors: Guadagni Veronica , Byles Hannah , Tyndall Amanda V. , Parboosingh Jillian , Longman Richard Stewart , Hogan David B. , Hanly Patrick J. , Younes Magdy , Poulin Marc J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo determine the relationship between sleep spindle characteristics (density, power and frequency), executive functioning and cognitive decline in older adults, we studied a convenience subsample of healthy middle‐aged and older participants of the Brain in Motion study. Participants underwent a single night of unattended in‐home polysomnography with neurocognitive testing carried out shortly afterwards. Spectral analysis of the EEG was performed to derive spindle characteristics in both central and frontal derivations during non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) Stage 2 and 3. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine associations between spindle characteristics and cognitive outcomes, with age, body mass index (BMI), periodic limb movements index (PLMI) and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) as covariates. NREM Stage 2 total spindle density was significantly associated with executive functioning (central: β = .363, p = .016; frontal: β = .408, p = .004). NREM Stage 2 fast spindle density was associated with executive functioning (central: β = .351, p = .022; frontal: β = .380, p = .009) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (MoCA, central: β = .285, p = .037; frontal: β = .279, p = .032). NREM Stage 2 spindle frequency was also associated with MoCA score (central: β = .337, p = .013). Greater spindle density and fast spindle density were associated with better executive functioning and less cognitive decline in our study population. Our cross‐sectional design cannot infer causality. Longitudinal studies will be required to assess the ability of spindle characteristics to predict future cognitive status.
Longitudinal changes in patient‐reported outcomes after artificial urinary sphincter implantation
Authors: Yokoyama Minato , Masuda Hitoshi , Ito Masaya , Waseda Yuma , Moriyama Shingo , Toide Masahiro , Uchida Yusuke , Uehara Sho , Kijima Toshiki , Yoshida Soichiro , Ishioka Junichiro , Matsuoka Yoh , Saito Kazutaka , Fujii Yasuhisa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the time course of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implantation based on individual longitudinal changes of patient‐reported outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective study included 66 male patients with severe urinary incontinence who were treated with primary AUS implantation between 2009 and 2019. International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Short Form (ICIQ‐SF) and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaires were used to evaluate continence status and LUTS preoperatively, 1, 3, and 12 months after activation, and then annually. The annual changes in scores were calculated with a linear mixed model.ResultsOf the 66 patients, 63 (95%) achieved complete or social continence (number of pads used ≤1/d) at 1 month after activation. Mean preoperative ICIQ‐SF, IPSS, and IPSS‐quality of life (QOL) score were 18.9, 14.9, and 5.4, respectively; the corresponding scores at 1 month after activation were 4.5, 9.0, and 1.7 (all P < .001), respectively. During the mean follow‐up period of 36 months, the annual changes in the scores from 1 month after activation were 0.51 (P = .002), −0.30 (P = .184), and 0.19 (P < .001), respectively. As for individual IPSS items, while incomplete emptying, frequency, urgency, and weak stream improved significantly 1 month after activation, no significant changes from 1 month after activation were observed except for longitudinal deterioration of incomplete emptying score (0.08/y, P = .029).ConclusionContinence status and QOL score markedly improved by AUS implantation immediately, but deteriorated over time. Improved LUTS were maintained without a worsening trend, however.
Distress and default contagion in financial networks
Authors: Veraart Luitgard Anna Maria 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe develop a new model for solvency contagion that can be used to quantify systemic risk in stress tests of financial networks. In contrast to many existing models, it allows for the spread of contagion already before the point of default and hence can account for contagion due to distress and mark‐to‐market losses. We derive general ordering results for outcome measures of stress tests that enable us to compare different contagion mechanisms. We use these results to study the sensitivity of the new contagion mechanism with respect to its model parameters and to compare it to existing models in the literature. When applying the new model to data from the European Banking Authority, we find that the risk from distress contagion is strongly dependent on the anticipated recovery rate. For low recovery rates, the high additional losses caused by bankruptcy dominate the overall stress test results. For high recovery rates, however, we observe a strong sensitivity of the stress test outcomes with respect to the model parameters determining the magnitude of distress contagion.
A review of the chondrite–achondrite transition, and a metamorphic facies series for equilibrated primitive stony meteorites
Authors: Tomkins Andrew G. , Johnson Tim E. , Mitchell Jennifer T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHere, the petrological features of numerous primitive achondrites and highly equilibrated chondrites are evaluated to review and expand upon our knowledge of the chondrite–achondrite transition, and primitive achondrites in general. A thermodynamic model for the initial silicate melting temperature and progressive melting for nearly the entire known range of oxidation states is provided, which can be expressed as Tm = 0.035Fa2−3.51Fa + 1109 (in °C, where Fa is the proportion of fayalite in olivine). This model is then used to frame a discussion of textural and mineralogical evolution of stony meteorites with increasing temperature. We suggest that the metamorphic petrology of these meteorites should be based on diffusive equilibration among the silicate minerals, and as such, the chondrite–achondrite transition should be defined by the initial point of silicate melting, not by metal–troilite melting. Evidence of silicate melting is preserved by a distinctive texture of interconnected interstitial plagioclase ± pyroxene networks among rounded olivine and/or pyroxene (depending on ƒO2), which pseudomorph the former silicate melt network. Indirectly, the presence of exsolution lamellae in augite in slowly cooled achondrites also implies that silicate melting occurred because of the high temperatures required, and because silicate melt enhances diffusion. A metamorphic facies series is defined: the Plagioclase Facies is equivalent to petrologic types 5 and 6, the Sub‐calcic Augite Facies is bounded at lower temperatures by the initiation of silicate melting and at higher temperatures by the appearance of pigeonite, which marks the transition to the Pigeonite Facies.
The effects of low‐and high‐frequency non‐invasive transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (taVNS) on gastric slow waves evaluated using in vivo high‐resolution mapping in porcine
Authors: Sukasem Atchariya , Cakmak Yusuf Ozgur , Khwaounjoo Prashanna , Gharibans Armen , Du Peng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundsGastric motility is regulated by an electrophysiological activity called slow‐wave and neuronal innervations by the vagus nerve. Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been demonstrated to have therapeutic potential for a wide range of medical conditions, including the management of gastric dysfunctions. The main objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of how non‐invasive neuromodulation influences gastric slow wave under in vivo conditions.MethodsTaVNS protocols were applied in conjunction with 192‐channel gastric bioelectrical mapping in porcine subjects under general anesthesia. The spatiotemporal profiles of gastric slow wave were assessed under two different taVNS protocols at 10 and 80 Hz.Key ResultsThe taVNS protocols effectively altered the interval and amplitude of gastric slow waves, but not the velocity or the percentage of spatial dysrhythmias. In the subjects that responded to the protocols, the 10 Hz protocol was shown to normalize slow‐wave propagation pattern in 90% of the subjects, whereas the 80 Hz protocol was shown to inhibit slow waves in 60% of the subjects.Conclusions and InferencesChronic responses of gastric motility and slow waves in response to taVNS should be investigated using non‐invasive means in conscious subjects in future.