bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cluster Analysis-based Clinical Phenotypes of Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias: Associations With Acute Exacerbation and Overall Survival
Authors: Aoshima Yoichiro , Karayama Masato , Horiike Yasuoki , Mori Kazutaka , Yasui Hideki , Hozumi Hironao , Suzuki Yuzo , Furuhashi Kazuki , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Enomoto Noriyuki , Nakamura Yutaro , Inui Naoki , Suda Takafumi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The precise classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) is essential for selecting treatment as well as estimating clinical outcomes; however, this is sometimes difficult in clinical practice. Therefore, cluster analysis was used to identify the clinical phenotypes of IIPs, and its usefulness for predicting clinical outcomes was evaluated.Methods: Cluster analysis was performed using clinical features including patients’ demographics; histories; pulmonary function test data; and laboratory, physical and radiological findings.Results: In 337 patients with IIPs, four clusters were identified: Cluster I, in which >80% of the patients had autoimmune features; Cluster II, which had the lowest rate of smoking, the lowest percent predicted forced vital capacity (%FVC) and the lowest body mass index (BMI); Cluster III, which had the highest rate of smoking, the highest rate of dust exposure, the second lowest %FVC and normal BMI; and Cluster IV, which exhibited maintenance of %FVC and normal BMI. Cluster IV had significantly longer overall survival than Clusters II and III. Clusters I and III had significantly longer overall survival than Cluster II. Clusters II and III had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of acute exacerbation than Cluster IV. Conclusions: Cluster analysis using clinical features identified four clinical phenotypes of IIPs, which may be useful for predicting the risk of acute exacerbation and overall survival.
Policy Disparities in Fighting COVID-19 Among Japan, Italy, Singapore and China
Authors: Wang Xiaohan , Shi Leiyu , Zhang Yuyao , Chen Haiqian , Sun Gang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective This study systematically summarizes the COVID-19 prevention and control policies of Japan, Italy, China and Singapore in order to provide policy basis for other countries currently coping with the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods This study summarizes the epidemic prevention and control policies in Japan, Italy, China, and Singapore, and analyzes the effects of policies in the four countries using official statistics.Results As of May 27, 2020, the growth trend of new cases in Japan, Italy, China and Singapore has all stabilized. However, the cumulative number of confirmed cases (231139) and case-fatality rate (14.3%) in Italy far exceeded those in the other three countries, and the effect of epidemic control was inferior. Singapore began to experience a domestic resurgence after April 5, with a cumulative number of confirmed cases reaching 32876, but the case-fatality rate remained extremely low (0.1%). The growth of cumulative confirmed cases in China (84547) is almost stagnant, and the case-fatality rate is low (5.5%). The growth of cumulative confirmed cases in Japan (16661) increased slowly, and the case-fatality rate (4.8%) was slightly lower than that in China.Conclusion This study divides the epidemic prevention and control policies of the four countries into two categories: the blocking measures taken by China and Singapore, and the mitigation measures taken by Japan and Italy. According to the results of epidemic control in the four countries, we can conclude that the blocking measures are more effective. Pay attention to the admission of mild patients and cases tracking as the core strategy of blocking measures, which can be considered in countries all over the world.
Comparison of 2018 and 2003 International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society classification in terms of renal prognosis in patients of lupus nephritis: a retrospective cohort study.
Authors: Umeda Ryosuke , Ogata Soshiro , Hara Shigeo , Takahashi Kazuo , Inaguma Daijo , Hasegawa Midori , Yasuoka Hidetaka , Yuzawa Yukio , Hayashi Hiroki , Tsuboi Naotake 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Although 2018 revised ISN/RPS classification was proposed recently, until now, no reports have been made comparing the association of renal prognosis between 2018 revised ISN/RPS classification and 2003 ISN/RPS classification. The present study aimed to assess the usefulness, especially of activity and chronicity assessment, of the 2018 revised International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) classification for lupus nephritis (LN) in terms of renal prognosis compared to the classification in 2003.Methods: We retrospectively collected medical records of 170 LN patients from the database of renal biopsy in Fujita Health University from January 2003 to April 2019. Each renal biopsy specimen was reevaluated according to both the 2003 ISN/RPS classification and the 2018 revised ISN/RPS classification. Renal endpoint was defined as 30% decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results: A total 129 patients were class III/IV±V (class III, 44 patients; class IV, 35 patients; class III/IV+V, 50 patients). Mean age was 42 years, 88% were female, and median observation period was 50.5 months. Renal prognosis was significantly different among the classes, and significantly poor in the patients with higher modified National Institute of Health (mNIH) Chronicity index (C index, ≥4) by a log-rank test (p=0.05, p=0.02 respectively). By Cox proportional hazard models, only C index was significantly associated with renal outcome (Hazard Ratio; 1.32, 95% CI; 1.11-1.56, p≤0.01), while the classes, the 2003 activity and chronicity subdivision, and mNIH activity index had no significant association with renal outcome. Each component of C index was significantly associated with renal outcome in different models. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the 2018 revised ISN/RPS classification was more useful in terms of association with renal prognosis compared to the 2003 ISN/RPS classification
The epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Libya during the ongoing-armed conflict.&nbsp;
Authors: Daw Mohamed A , El-Bouzedi Abdallah H , Ahmed Mohamed O , Alejenef Ali 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction: COVID-19 can have even more dire consequences in countries with ongoing armed conflict. Libya, the second largest African country, has been involved in a major conflict since 2011. This study analyzed the epidemiological situation of the COVID-19 pandemic in Libya, examined the impact of the armed conflict in Libya on the spread of the pandemic, and proposes strategies for dealing with the pandemic during this conflict.Methods: We collected the available information on all COVID-19 cases in the different regions of Libya, covering the period from March 25 to May 25, 2020. The cumulative number of cases and the daily new cases are presented in a way to illustrate the patterns and trends of COVID-19 and the effect of the ongoing armed conflict was assessed regionally.Results: A total of 698 cases of COVID-19 were reported in Libya during a period of three months. The number of cases varied from one region to another and was affected by the fighting. The largest number of cases was reported in the southern part of the country, which has been severely affected by the conflict in comparison to the eastern and western parts of the country.Conclusion: This study describes the epidemiological pattern of COVID-19 in Libya and how it has been affected by the ongoing armed conflict. This conflict seems to have hindered access to populations and thereby masked the true dimensions of the pandemic. Hence, efforts should be combined to combat these consequences.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), their Standards, Donning-doffing Procedures and Challenges of Indian Drug Regulatory Authorities with the New Indian PPE Manufacturers
Authors: Mal Dipak Kumar , Mukherjee Biswajit 
Published: September 2020

Health care professionals rely on personnel protective equipment (PPE) including gown, gloves, goggles, face mask/N-95 respirators, and face shields etc to fight against COVID-19. The components of PPE act as an obstacle that prevents movement between infectious viral or bacterial contaminants and wearer’s mouth, nose or eyes and other parts of the body. All PPE is intended for use as medical device must follow the rules and regulations or standards for protection. The manufacturer has to show that they meet the prescribed criteria of competent authority in case of labelling, sterilisation criteria etc. the PPE must be biocompatible for at least 6-8 hrs. The wearer must follow the right procedure of donning and doffing of PPE. We here highlighted the various PPE with their standards, donning and doffing procedures, and challenges faced by Indian regulatory authority to maintain standards from the inland new manufacturers. Different research works are required to make the PPE fit and comfortable to accept for use for a long period.
A Study of the Results of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on the Nigerian Maritime Workers
Authors: Okeleke U. J. 
Published: September 2020

Findings have shown that the recent lockdown of the economy and restriction of movements in Nigeria, due to Corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic, seriously affected the Nigerian shipping, Aviation industries, Land transport sector, Financial, Health and Educational sectors. Import and export operations were hampered. The Nigerian maritime workers; mariners and seafarers were mentally and psychologically disturbed. Some were stranded in their various workplaces; aboard ships, platform rigs and stayed beyond their agreed contractual terms. They, therefore, lack social support from their family members and friends. Similarly, they had little or no support from their management, who were more concerned about contract execution than the welfare of their work force. This paper, however, is supporting the recommendation that the living and working conditions of the Nigerian Maritime workers and seafarers stranded and those whose salary and promotion arrears have not been paid during this pandemic should be given utmost attention. This should include applying pragmatic approach on the facilitation of sea workers’ health insurance schemes and incentives.
Mutations in structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and potential implications for the ongoing outbreak of infection in India
Authors: Dasgupta Rimjhim 
Published: September 2020

SARS-CoV-2 has spread in India very quickly from its first reported case on 30 January 2020 in Thrissur, Kerala. With the drastic increasing number of positive cases around the world WHO raised the importance in the assessment of the risk of spread and understanding genetic modifications that could have occurred in the SARS-CoV-2. Using available genome sequence in NCBI repository from the samples of different locations in India, we identified the regions (hotspots) of the viral genome with high rates of mutation. We analysed four regions of the genome encoding structural proteins Spike (S), Nucleocapsid (N), envelop (E) and Membrane (M) proteins. Through computational biology approach, we identified multiple substitution mutations in S and N proteins whereas there is only one substitution in E protein and none in M protein. We showed most of these amino acid residues are evolutionary conserved. The changes in the conserved residues may have significant implication on the stability of the proteins and subsequent interaction with other elements, which are essential for virus propagation. This provides a basis for a better understanding of the genetic variation in SARS-CoV-2 circulating in the India, which might provide important clues for identifying potential therapeutic targets, development of efficient vaccines, antiviral drugs and diagnostic assays for controlling COVID-19.
Comparison of Efficacy and Peripheral Neuropathy of Solvent-based Paclitaxel with Paclitaxel Poliglumex and NK105: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: Taheri Azade , Rad Amirhossein , Sadeghi Erfan , Varshosaz Jaleh 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common dose-limiting side
effects of solvent-based paclitaxel. Paclitaxel poliglumex (PPX) and NK105 were developed to overcome the
paclitaxel induced peripheral neuropathy. However, the incidence of peripheral neuropathy induced by PPX
and NK105 was reported higher than solvent-based paclitaxel, but evidence remains inconsistent.

Methods:
The article was reported in accordance with PRISMA Guidelines (Registration number:
CRD42021245313). We conducted a meta-analysis to compare the incidence and severity of peripheral neuropathy
between solvent-based paclitaxel, PPX and NK105 mono-chemotherapy.

Results:
Results revealed that no significant difference exists between the incidence of all grade peripheral neuropathy
among the solvent-based paclitaxel, PPX and NK105 treated groups. While, the incidence of high
grade peripheral neuropathy induced by NK105 was lower than two other groups. Moreover, the overall survival
was not improved in PPX compared with other groups. However, NK105 demonstrated significant longer
overall survival in patients with cancer.

Conclusion:
Current evidence suggests more attention should be paid to the paclitaxel poliglumex re-formulation.
Recent Advances in the Development of Selective Mcl-1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer (2017-Present)
Authors: Fan Ying , Hou Xuben , Fang Hao 
Published: September 2020

Background:Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) protein, as a critical pro-survival member of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein family, plays an important role in apoptosis, carcinogenesis and resistance to chemotherapies. Hence, potently and selectively inhibiting Mcl-1 to induce apoptosis has become a widely accepted anticancer strategy.Objective:This review intends to provide a comprehensive overview of patents and primary literature, published from 2017 to present, on small molecule Mcl-1 inhibitors with various scaffolds. By analyzing the modes of compound-protein interactions, the similarities and differences of those structures are discussed, which could provide guidance for future drug design.Methods:The primary accesses for patent searching are SciFinder and Espacenet®. Besides the data disclosed in patents, some results published in the follow-up research papers will be included in this review.Results:The review covers dozens of patents on Mcl-1 inhibitors in the past three years, and the scaffolds of compounds are mainly divided into indole scaffolds and non-indole scaffolds. The compounds described here are compared with the relevant inhibitors disclosed in previous patents, and representative compounds, especially those launched in clinical trials, are emphasized in this review.Conclusion:For most of the compounds in these patents, analyses of the binding affinity to Mcl-1 and studies in multiple cell lines were conducted, wherein some compounds were tested in preclinical cancer models or were included in other biological studies. Some compounds showed promising results and potential for further study.
Probiotics Against Viruses; COVID-19 is a Paper Tiger: A Systematic Review
Authors: Paknahad Zamzam , Moravejolahkami Amir R. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Probiotics can improve immune function leading to the prevention and management
of viral infections like SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19 disease).

Methods:
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of
Science up to May 2020 to identify interventional & observational studies documenting the effects
of probiotics on incidence, severity, duration, and other clinical manifestations of viral infections,
especially SARS-CoV-2-induced.

Results:
From a total of 91 records, 24 studies were obtained and classified into three domains
based on the efficacy of probiotics on 1) shortening the period and severity of infections (n=9), 2)
incidence (n=6), and 3) other clinical complications that may be followed by viral disorders (n=9).
Identified probiotics have positive effects on the mentioned domains.

Conclusion:
Based on the evidence, some probiotic strains may be useful in SARS-CoV-2 infection; randomized trials are
needed to show the facts.
Tooth Mobility Reproduction in Dental Material Research: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ang Yee , Razali Masfueh , Yahaya Norziha 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Introducing tooth mobility simulation in laboratory studies can provide results with high accuracy and predictability.

Objectives:
This study aims to review in vitro methodologies replicating tooth mobility and provide a recommended approach for future laboratory models.

Methods:
Databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, BioMed Central and Chinese databases are searched, and twelve articles are included in the final review.

Results:
Simulation methods of tooth mobility involving socket enlargement, screw loosening, alveolar bone loss simulation and a combination approach are identified from the extracted data. The materials used in preparing artificial teeth, artificial sockets and periodontal ligament simulator are discussed with a focus on their limitations. The achieved degrees of mobility and the presence of the centre of rotation are also evaluated. A timeline of the review articles is constructed to understand the trend of the preferred methods in tooth mobility simulation.

Conclusion:
Future in vitro investigations can achieve clinical reliability, particularly for materials tested in the field of dental traumatology and periodontology, by recognising the importance of incorporating tooth mobility in laboratory studies. Improvised methods are proposed to ensure that potential laboratory models can resemble the actual oral environment.
The Relationship between Communication Skills and Intellectual Health in Senior-Year Students of Paramedicine School at Kashan University of Medical Sciences 2019
Authors: Jeddi Fatemeh R. , Ghaffary Faeze , Farrahi Razieh 
Published: September 2020

Introduction and Objective:
Communication skills are the ability to communicate effectively and efficiently with others, which plays a role in people's intellectual and psychological health; therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between communication skills and intellectual health in senior students of Paramedicine School at Kashan University of Medical Sciences.

Methods:
The present study is descriptive-analytical, which was performed cross-sectionally in 2019 on 95 senior students of the Paramedicine School of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. The census method was used in this study due to the limitations of the statistical population. The data collection tool consisted of three parts: Participants' demographic profile, Barton's standard communication skills questionnaire (1990), and intellectual health questionnaire based on the intellectual health scale of entrepreneurs' personality traits assessment questionnaire. The questionnaire was presented to the students in person. After collecting data, it was entered into SPSS 22 software and analyzed with descriptive indices (mean and standard deviation) and analytical statistics (Pearson's correlation and t-test).

Results:
The total mean score of the communication skills in students was 59.61±5.82. There was a direct and significant relationship between verbal and listening skills (r = 0.32, p = 0.003), verbal and feedback skills (r = 0.43, p = 0.001), listening and feedback skills (r = 0.41, p = 0.001). The mean mental health of the participants in the study was 33.45±5.02 There was a positive correlation between communication skills and intellectual health in students (r = 0.2, p = .07).

Conclusion:
Communication skills affect intellectual health. Therefore, it is recommended that educational workshops on communication skills and how to communicate be held for students at the beginning and during the study, and that psychological counseling centers be set up or become more active in the university.
Comparison of a Mobile Health Electronic Visual Analog Scale App With a Traditional Paper Visual Analog Scale for Pain Evaluation: Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Turnbull Alexandra , Sculley Dean , Escalona-Marfil Carles , Riu-Gispert Lluís , Ruiz-Moreno Jorge , Gironès Xavier , Coda Andrea 
Published: September 2020

Background
Accurate quantification of pain in a clinical setting is vital. The use of an electronic pain scale enables data to be collected, analyzed, and utilized much faster compared with traditional paper-based scales. The advancement of smart technology in pediatric and adult pain evaluation may offer opportunities to introduce easy-to-use and reliable pain assessment methods within different clinical settings. If promptly introduced within different pediatric and adult pain clinic services, validated and easily accessible mobile health pain apps may lead to early pain detection, promoting improvement in patient’s quality of life and leading to potentially less time off from school or work.

Objective
This cross-sectional observational study aimed to investigate the interchangeability of an electronic visual analog scale (eVAS) app with a traditional paper visual analog scale (pVAS) among Australian children, adolescents, and adults for pain evaluation.

Methods
Healthy participants (age range 10-75 years) were recruited from a sporting club and a secondary school in Melbourne (Australia). The data collection process involved application of pressure (8.5 kg/cm2) from a Wagner Force Dial FDK 20 to the midpoint of the thumb. The pressure was applied twice with a 5-minute interval. At each pressure application, participants were asked to randomly record their pain perception using the “eVAS” accessible via the “Interactive Clinics” app and the traditional pVAS. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine intermethod and intramethod reliabilities.

Results
Overall, 109 healthy participants were recruited. Adults (mean age 42.43 years, SD 14.50 years) had excellent reliability, with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.94 (95% CI 0.91-0.96). Children and adolescents (mean age 13.91 years, SD 2.89 years) had moderate-to-good intermethod and intramethod reliabilities, with an ICC of 0.80 (95% CI 0.70-0.87) and average ICC of 0.80 (95% CI 0.69-0.87), respectively.

Conclusions
The eVAS app appears to be interchangeable compared with the traditional pVAS among children, adolescents, and adults. This pain evaluation method may offer new opportunities to introduce user-friendly and validated pain assessment apps for patients, clinicians, and allied health professionals.