bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adult mesentero‐axial gastric volvulus: Case report
Authors: Mistry Vijay , Gamble Erin Lee , Chang Jennifer 
Published: May 2020

SummaryAcute gastric volvulus is a rare surgical emergency which can lead to severe complications such as gastric ischaemia and perforation. Gastric volvulus is classified by the axis upon which the stomach rotates into organo‐axial and mesentero‐axial subtypes, with the former more common in adults. We present an uncommon case of recurrent adult mesentero‐axial gastric volvulus and describe the associated radiological findings.
Relationship Between Pain, Opioid Treatment, and Delirium in Older Emergency Department Patients
Authors: Daoust Raoul , Paquet Jean , Boucher Valérie , Pelletier Mathieu , Gouin Émilie , Émond Marcel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesEmergency department (ED) stay and its associated conditions (immobility, inadequate hydration and nutrition, lack of stimulation) increase the risk of delirium in older patients. Poorly controlled pain and paradoxically opioid pain treatment have also been identified as triggers for delirium. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between pain, opioid treatment, and delirium in older ED patients.MethodsA multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted in four hospitals across the province of Québec (Canada). Patients aged ≥ 65 years old, waiting for hospital admission between March and July 2015, who were nondelirious upon ED arrival, who were independent or semi‐independent in their daily living activities, and who had an ED stay of at least 8 hours were included. Delirium assessments were conducted twice a day during the patient’s entire ED stay and their first 24 hours on the hospital ward using the Confusion Assessment Method. Pain intensity was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS = 0–100) during the initial interview, and all opioid treatments were documented.ResultsA total of 338 patients were included; 51% were female, and mean (±SD) age was 77 (±8) years. Forty‐one patients (12%) experienced delirium during their hospital stay occurring within a mean (±SD) delay of 47 (±19) hours after ED admission. Among patients with pain intensity ≥ 65 from VAS (0–100), 26% experienced delirium compared to 11% for patients with pain < 65 (p < 0.01), and no significant association was found between opioid consumption and delirium (p = 0.31). Logistic regression controlling for confounding factors showed that patients with pain intensity ≥ 65 are 3.3 (95% confidence interval = 1.4 to 7.9) times more likely to develop delirium than patients who had pain intensity of <65.ConclusionsSevere pain, not opioids, is associated with the development of delirium during ED stay. Adequate pain control during the hospital stay may contribute to a decrease in delirium episodes.
The Dialyzer Identification Code (DIC): A filter characteristics codification for dialyzer choice in renal replacement therapy
Authors: Nalesso Federico , Cattarin Leda , Calò Lorenzo Arcangelo , Garzotto Francesco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe dialyzer is the core element of extracorporeal blood purification therapies where several processes take place depending on specific membrane characteristics. To date, the filter choice requires preliminary knowledge of all its characteristics as they cannot be easily deduced from the commercial trade name, hence the difficulty in identifying easily equivalent dialyzers and clearly comparing single‐filter characteristics. The choice of improper dialyzers for a specific treatment can determine a less‐effective blood purification and potentially harmful treatments. We aimed to propose a univocal and standardized alphanumeric string to summarize essential filter properties in the Dialyzer Identification Code (DIC). DIC clearly describes device characteristics and allows to compare different dialyzer performances without resorting to the technical data sheets. Therefore, the presence of the DIC on every device facilitates information retrieval on the dialyzer, its intended use, and can facilitate matching the dialysis modality to correct dialyzers achieving a personalized renal replacement therapy. The standard filter characteristics codification by the DIC may further optimize correct extracorporeal blood purification prescriptions and the use of equivalent filters from different providers avoiding treatment inefficiency, clinical complications, and improving patient safety.
Prenatal histomorphological development of the reticulum in fallow deer (Dama dama)
Authors: Redondo Eloy , García Ángela , Ortega Cristina , Peña Fernando J. , Gázquez Antonio , Masot Javier 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe histomorphological changes occurring in theDama damareticulum during prenatal development have been investigated. Twenty‐fiveDama damaembryos were used, from the first stages of prenatal life until birth. Differentiation of the reticulum was observed at 23% gestation. By 25% gestation the reticular wall comprised three layers: an internal epithelial layer, a middle layer of pluripotential blastemic tissue and an external layer or serosa. Primary reticular crests were visible at 38% gestation. Secondary reticular crests were observed at 61% gestation. Neuroendocrine cells were detected by synaptophysin (SYP) at 35% gestation, in the lamina propria‐submucosa, tunica muscularis, and serosa. Epithelial Cytokeratin‐18 (CK‐18) cells were observed at 35% gestation extended throughout the epithelial layers. The glial cells (vimentin –VIM‐ and glial fibrillary acidic protein‐GFAP‐markers) were discerned at 25% and 43% gestation, respectively, in myenteric and submucosal plexuses, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, tunica muscularis, and perivascular connective tissue. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) markers were immunodetected at 75% and 80 gestation, respectively, in the lamina propria‐submucosa, muscularis mucosae, tunica muscularis, serosa, and myenteric plexuses. The prenatal development of the fallow deer reticular mucosa evidenced a considerable precocity similar to that previously reported in goat and red deer.
Analysis of factors related to prognosis and death of fish bile poisoning in China: A retrospective study
Authors: Yan Weitao , Wang Zhen , Lu Shuang , Li Jingyu , Chen Qianqian , Wang Lan , Chen Siqi , Wang Xiao , Xiong Kun , Yan Jie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFish bile has long been considered to have therapeutic benefits in folk medicine in some Asian countries. However, poisoning incidents and even death sporadically occurred when people consumed fish bile. Herein, we summarize the main characteristics of fish bile poisoning in China including clinical symptoms, treatment strategies and factors being associated with death and affecting prognosis, hoping to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of fish bile poisoning, as well as forensic identification of death cases induced by fish bile poisoning. We suggest that the health authorities should make an effort to enhance people's awareness of the safety of traditional medicine like fish bile so as to reduce the incidence of adverse events.
Astaxanthin attenuates hepatic damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease by up‐regulating the FGF21/PGC‐1α pathway
Authors: Wu Liwei , Mo Wenhui , Feng Jiao , Li Jingjing , Yu Qiang , Li Sainan , Zhang Jie , Chen Kan , Ji Jie , Dai Weiqi , Wu Jianye , Xu Xuanfu , Mao Yuqing , Guo Chuanyong 
Published: May 2020

Background and PurposeNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be one of the most common chronic liver diseases across worldwide. Astaxanthin (Ax) is a carotenoid, and beneficial effects of astaxanthin, including anti‐oxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐tumour activity, have been identified. The present study aimed to elucidate the protective effect of astaxanthin against NAFLD and its underlying mechanism.Experimental ApproachMice were fed either a high fat or chow diet, with or without astaxanthin, for up to 12 weeks. L02 cells were treated with free fatty acids combined with different doses of astaxanthin for 48 h. Histopathology, expression of lipid metabolism, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis‐related gene expression were assessed. And the function of mitochondria was also evaluated.Key ResultsThe results indicated that astaxanthin attenuated HFD‐ and FFA‐induced lipid accumulation and its associated oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro. Astaxanthin up‐regulated FGF21 and PGC‐1α expression in damaged hepatocytes, which suggested an unrecognized mechanism of astaxanthin on ameliorating NAFLD.Conclusion and ImplicationsAstaxanthin attenuated hepatocyte damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in NAFLD by up‐regulating FGF21/PGC‐1α pathway. Our results suggest that astaxanthin may become a promising drug to treat or relieve NAFLD.
Statins use and its impact in EGFR‐TKIs resistance to prolong the survival of lung cancer patients: A Cancer registry cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Nguyen Phung‐Anh , Chang Chih‐Cheng , Galvin Cooper J. , Wang Yao‐Chin , An Soo Yeon , Huang Chih‐Wei , Wang Yu‐Hsiang , Hsu Min‐Huei , Li Yu‐Chuan (Jack) , Yang Hsuan‐Chia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractStatins have been shown to be a beneficial treatment as chemotherapy and target therapy for lung cancer. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of statins in combination with epidermal growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy for the resistance and mortality of lung cancer patients. A population‐based cohort study was conducted using the Taiwan Cancer Registry database. From January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2012, in total 792 non‐statins and 41 statins users who had undergone EGFR‐TKIs treatment were included in this study. All patients were monitored until the event of death or when changed to another therapy. Kaplan‐Meier estimators and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate overall survival. We found that the mortality was significantly lower in patients in the statins group compared with patients in the non‐statins group (4‐y cumulative mortality, 77.3%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 36.6%‐81.4% vs. 85.5%; 95% CI, 78.5%‐98%; P = .004). Statin use was associated with a reduced risk of death in patients the group who had tumor sizes <3 cm (hazard ratio [HR], 0.51, 95% CI, 0.29‐0.89) and for patients in the group who had CCI scores <3 (HR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.41‐0.88; P = .009). In our study, statins were found to be associated with prolonged survival time in patients with lung cancer who were treated with EGFR‐TKIs and played a synergistic anticancer role.
Is the timing of food intake a potential indicator of low weight loss responders? A secondary analysis of three weight loss studies
Authors: Jacob Raphaëlle , Tremblay Angelo , Panahi Shirin , Provencher Véronique , Drapeau Vicky 
Published: May 2020

SummaryIndividual variability in weight loss in response to a weight loss intervention is commonly observed. Recently, the timing of food intake has been identified as one possible factor implicated in obesity and weight loss. The objective of this study was to further characterize low weight loss responders by assessing the pre‐diet distribution of daily energy and macronutrient intakes. A pooled cohort of men and women (n = 122; aged 39.1 ± 8.2 years; body mass index [BMI] 33.1 ± 3.8 kg/m2) who participated in a 12 to 15 week energy‐restricted intervention (−500 to −700 kcal/d) were included in this study. Participants were categorized into two weight loss groups (ie, low [−1.3 ± 2.3 kg] and high [−6.1 ± 2.1 kg] weight loss). Food intake and distribution of energy and macronutrient intakes were assessed using a 3‐day food record at baseline. The daily distribution of energy intake (% of total energy intake) was similar in the two weight loss groups with the exception of the low weight loss group who consumed a slightly lower proportion of their total energy intake before 9:00 am compared with the high weight loss group (12.5% ± 5.8% vs 15.0% ± 6.6%, respectively, P = .03). In the low weight loss group, the percentage of energy intake consumed after 8:00 pm was positively associated with total energy intake (r = 0.27, P = .04). The results of this study suggest that the timing of food intake measured prior to a weight loss intervention does not permit the characterization of low weight loss responders.
International expert consensus guidance on indications, implementation and quality measures for transanal total mesorectal excision
Authors:   The TaTME Guidance Group representing the ESCP (European Society of Coloproctology), in collaboration with the ASCRS (American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons), ACPGBI (Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland), ECCO (European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation), EAES (European Association of Endoscopic Surgeons), ESSO (European Society of Surgical Oncology), CSCRS (Canadian Society of Colorectal Surgery), CNSCRS (Chinese Society of Colorectal Surgery), CSLES (Chinese Society of Laparo
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo provide dynamic guidance from a rigorous and up‐to‐date consensus on the safe implementation and application of transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) from an international panel of expert surgeons and educationalists supported by 14 international surgical societies.MethodAn adapted Delphi method and focus group discussion approach was implemented for this consensus process, with expert advice from a guidelines methodologist. Statements were generated focusing on three main topics relating to the safe implementation of TaTME: (1) indications, (2) quality and outcome measures, (3) training and implementation of TaTME.ResultsFive rounds of the Delphi consensus process were completed over a 13‐month period. A total of 56 surgeons experienced in TaTME and surgical education participated in this project. By Delphi round four, 80.0% or greater agreement was reached for all statements except for two, which were further reviewed during a fifth round. More complex cases that are likely to benefit from TaTME were identified, with the recommendation that they should be referred to TaTME expert centres. The most agreed upon definition of expert centres is outlined.ConclusionWe have provided a current framework of best practice related to implementation of TaTME. The statements are not indefinite and will continue to be ‘dynamic’ and updated as new evidence emerges.
Postoperative vasoactive inotropic score is predictive of outcomes in pediatric heart transplantation
Authors: Tadros Hanna J. , Lopez‐Colon Dalia , Bleiweis Mark S. , Fricker Fredrick J. , Pietra Biagio A. , Gupta Dipankar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVasoactive inotrope score (VIS) is scarcely studied in pediatric orthotopic heart transplantation (pOHT). We conducted a retrospective review of pOHT (<21 years) recipients. Max VIS and mean VIS were calculated at 0‐24 and 24‐48 hours post‐pOHT. Patients were divided into groups based on ISHLT guidelines: high (>10) and low (≤10). In our group (n = 104), patients with high max and mean VIS groups at 0‐24 and 24‐48 hours had longer bypass times (high: >130 minutes; low: <108 minutes; P < .05) and high max and mean VIS groups at 0‐24 hours had longer ischemic times (high: >215 minutes; low: <192 minutes; P < .05). Patients with high max and mean VIS at 0‐24 and 24‐48 hours had longer hospital stay, ventilation, inotrope duration, more cardiac events, and acute kidney injury postoperatively (P < .05). High max VIS at 24‐48 hours and high mean VIS at 24‐48 hours had higher 3‐year mortality (P = .04; P = .02). Multivariate analysis confirmed the association of VIS with short‐term outcomes. However, VIS was not identified as an independent predictor of mortality. The ROC curve exhibits 10 as the ideal cutoff with area under the curve >0.8 for primary graft dysfunction (PGD).
The effect of pulsatile pump perfusion on hepatitis C transmission in kidney transplantation: A prospective pilot study
Authors: Forbes Rachel C. , Concepcion Beatrice P. , Clapper Deana , DuBray Bernard J. , Shawar Saed , Schaefer Heidi M. , Langone Anthony , Shaffer David , Johnson Keith 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith increasing utilization of hepatitis C (HCV) viremic donor organs, there may be a role for kidney pump perfusion to reduce viral load and prevent HCV transmission. We performed a prospective pilot study of HCV viremic donors; one kidney from each donor pair was pumped with perfusate exchanges and viral load testing at least every 4 hours. Donor, recipient, and transplant characteristics were obtained with clinical outcomes. Linear regression was performed to quantify the association between pump time and perfusate viral load. Six HCV viremic donors for six pairs of aviremic recipients were included. Perfusate of the pumped kidneys showed detectable virus throughout the pump cycles. Although perfusate viral levels decreased with increasing pump times, this was not statistically significant (β = −.48, P = .36). All recipients had detectable HCV RNA postoperatively. The pumped cohort had an insignificantly reduced mean viral load compared to pumped recipients (1352 ± 2006 vs 26 170 ± 61 211, P = .09). Time to initiation of direct‐acting antiviral was 32 ± 12 vs 26 ± 7 days (P = .17) and to undetectable levels was 66 ± 27 vs 55 ± 22 days (P = .82) for the pumped and unpumped cohorts, respectively. Pulsatile perfusion alone does not appear adequate to decrease HCV transmission. Future studies will need to explore additional ex vivo interventions to pumping.
Alcohol consumption in Iran: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature
Authors: Chegeni Maryam , Kamel Khodabandeh Atiyeh , Karamouzian Mohammad , Shokoohi Mostafa , Abedi Leili , Khalili Malahat , Rajaei Leila , Ardalan Gelayol , Sharifi Hamid 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIssuesAlcohol production, marketing and consumption are illegal in Iran. This systematic review examines the lifetime and last 12‐month prevalence of alcohol consumption among the general and young population in Iran.ApproachWe searched Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Iranian scientific databases (i.e. Scientific Information Database and Magiran) for relevant publications in English and Persian from inception to 12 May 2019. Following a random‐effects meta‐analysis, we estimated the pooled prevalence of alcohol consumption among the general population and young people (<30 years old). Meta‐regression was used to identify potential sources of heterogeneity.Key FindingsOf the 2400 identified records, 62 met the inclusion criteria. The overall pooled prevalence of lifetime alcohol consumption among the general population and young people was 13.0% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 10.0, 16.0]. The overall pooled prevalence of last 12‐month alcohol consumption was 12.0% (95% CI 7.0, 18.0) for the general population and 15.0% (95% CI 9.0, 22.0) for young people. The prevalence of alcohol consumption varied from 0.03% to 68.0% in different regions, 0.3% to 66.6% among males and 0.2% to 21.0% among females.ImplicationsOur findings highlight the need for public health surveillance of alcohol use in Iran.ConclusionThese estimates show that, on average, one in eight people in the general population have ever consumed alcohol in Iran, indicating that alcohol consumption is not an uncommon practice in the country.
Left ventricular cavity obliteration: Mechanism of the intracavitary gradient and differentiation from hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Pollick Charles , Shmueli Hezzy , Maalouf Nicolas , Zadikany Ronit H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundControversy surrounds the cause of the pressure gradient in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). Left ventricular cavity obliteration (LVCO) was first described as the cause of the gradient but subsequently systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve has been established as the cause. Nevertheless, the two gradients, though different in origin and significance, share similar characteristics. They both have a similar “dagger” profile, are obtained from the cardiac apex, are associated with a hyperdynamic left ventricle, and the gradients are worsened by Valsalva. The distinction has clinical relevance, because treating the intracavitary gradient (ICG) of LVCO as if it were a SAM‐associated gradient associated with HOCM would be inappropriate and possibly harmful.Materials and MethodsTo clarify the cause and characteristics of the ICG in patients with LVCO in patients without HOCM, we assessed the extent and duration of cavity obliteration, and for differentiation, we compared the spectral profiles with patients with HOCM and severe aortic stenosis (AS).ResultsHigher ICG is associated with a greater extent and more prolonged apposition of LV walls, and smaller left ventricular cavity size.The spectral profile of patients with AS, HOCM, and LVCO is differentiated by the peak/mean gradient ratios of 2 or less, 2–3, and 3 or greater, respectively, in >90% of patients. Most patients with LVCO without HOCM or severe LVH have an ICG < 36 mm Hg.ConclusionThe magnitude of ICG is quantitatively associated with the extent and duration of LVCO. Spectral profiles of severe AS, HOCM, and LVCO can be differentiated by the peak/mean gradient ratio.
Soil pore system evaluated from gas measurements and CT images: A conceptual study using artificial, natural and 3D‐printed soil cores
Authors: Lamandé Mathieu , Schjønning Per , Dal Ferro Nicola , Morari Francesco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCombining digital imaging, physical models and laboratory measurements is a step further towards a better understanding of the complex relationships between the soil pore system and soil functions. Eight natural 100‐cm3 soil cores were sampled in a cultivated Stagnic Luvisol from the topsoil and subsoil, which we assumed had contrasting pore systems. Artificial 100‐cm3 cores were produced from plastic or from autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). Eight vertical holes of each diameter (1.5 and 3 mm) were drilled for the plastic cylinder and for one of the two AAC cylinders. All natural and artificial cores were scanned in an X‐ray CT scanner and printed in 3D. Effective air‐filled porosity, true Darcian air permeability, apparent air permeability at a pressure gradient of 5 hPa and oxygen diffusion were measured on all cores. The active pore system characteristics differed between topsoil (sponge‐like, network of macropores of similar size) and subsoil (dominated by large vertical macropores). Active soil pore characteristics measured on a simplified pore network, that is, from artificial and printed soil cores, supported the fundamental differences in air transport by convection and diffusion observed between top‐ and subsoil. The results confirm the suitability of using the conceptual model that partitions the pore system into arterial, marginal and remote pores to describe effects of soil structure on gas transport. This study showed the high potential of using 3D‐printed soil cores to reconstruct the soil macropore network for a better understanding of soil pore functions.