bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-Stroke Working Memory Dysfunction: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Lugtmeijer Selma , Lammers Nikki A. , de Haan Edward H. F. , de Leeuw Frank-Erik , Kessels Roy P. C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis review investigates the severity and nature of post-stroke working memory deficits with reference to the multi-component model of working memory. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed up to March 2019 with search terms for stroke and memory. Studies on adult stroke patients, that included a control group, and assessed working memory function, were selected. Effect sizes (Hedges’ g) were extracted from 50 studies (in total 3,084 stroke patients) based on the sample size, mean and standard deviation of patients and controls. Performance of stroke patients was compared to healthy controls on low-load (i.e. capacity) and high-load (executively demanding) working memory tasks, grouped by modality (verbal, non-verbal). A separate analysis compared patients in the sub-acute and the chronic stage. Longitudinal studies and effects of lesion location were systematically reviewed. Stroke patients demonstrated significant deficits in working memory with a moderate effect size for both low-load (Hedges’ g = -.58 [-.82 to -.43]) and high-load (Hedges’ g = -.59 [-.73 to -.45]) tasks. The effect sizes were comparable for verbal and non-verbal material. Systematically reviewing the literature showed that working memory deficits remain prominent in the chronic stage of stroke. Lesions in a widespread fronto-parietal network are associated with working memory deficits. Stroke patients show decrements of moderate magnitude in all subsystems of working memory. This review clearly demonstrates the global nature of the impairment in working memory post-stroke.
Photosynthesis of the Cyanidioschyzon merolae cells in blue, red, and white light
Authors: Parys Eugeniusz , Krupnik Tomasz , Kułak Ilona , Kania Kinga , Romanowska Elżbieta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPhotosynthesis and respiration rates, pigment contents, CO2compensation point, and carbonic anhydrase activity inCyanidioschizon merolaecultivated in blue, red, and white light were measured. At the same light quality as during the growth, the photosynthesis of cells in blue light was significantly lowered, while under red light only slightly decreased as compared with white control. In white light, the quality of light during growth had no effect on the rate of photosynthesis at low O2and high CO2concentration, whereas their atmospheric level caused only slight decrease. Blue light reduced markedly photosynthesis rate of cells grown in white and red light, whereas the effect of red light was not so great. Only cells grown in the blue light showed increased respiration rate following the period of both the darkness and illumination. Cells grown in red light had the greatest amount of chlorophyll a, zeaxanthin, and β-carotene, while those in blue light had more phycocyanin. The dependence on O2concentration of the CO2compensation point and the rate of photosynthesis indicate that this alga possessed photorespiration. Differences in the rate of photosynthesis at different light qualities are discussed in relation to the content of pigments and transferred light energy together with the possible influence of related processes. Our data showed that blue and red light regulate photosynthesis inC. merolaefor adjusting its metabolism to unfavorable for photosynthesis light conditions.
Discrimination of POVMs with rank-one effects
Authors: Krawiec Aleksandra , Pawela Łukasz , Puchała Zbigniew 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe main goal of this work is to provide an insight into the problem of discrimination of positive operator-valued measures with rank-one effects. It is our intention to study multiple-shot discrimination of such measurements, that is the case when we are able to use to unknown measurement a given number of times. Furthermore, we are interested in comparing two possible discrimination schemes: the parallel and adaptive ones. To this end, we construct a pair of symmetric informationally complete positive operator-valued measures which can be perfectly discriminated in a two-shot adaptive scheme but cannot be distinguished in the parallel scheme. On top of this, we provide an explicit algorithm which allows us to find this adaptive scheme.
Are the psychophysical laws fine-tuned?
Authors: Cavedon-Taylor Dan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNeil Sinhababu (Am Philos Q 54(1):89–98, 2017) has recently argued against the fine-tuning argument for God. They claim that the question of the universe’s fine-tuning ought not be ‘why is the universe so hospitable to life?’ but rather ‘why is the universe so hospitable to morally valuable minds?’ and that, moreover, the universe isn’t so hospitable. For it is metaphysically possible that psychophysical laws be substantially more permissive than they in fact are, allowing for the realisation of morally valuable consciousness by exceptionally simple physical states and systems, rather than the complex states of brains. I reply that Sinhababu’s argument rests upon unsupported claims and that we have reason to doubt that an omnibenevolent God would make the psychophysical laws more permissive than they in fact are.
Economic Freedom and People’s Regard for Education
Authors: Feldmann Horst 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUsing data on 48 countries, this paper finds that people in economically freer countries care more about education. This is probably mainly because economic freedom enables them and their children to achieve higher returns to education. The magnitude of the estimated effect is substantial. The paper combines individual-level data from the World Values Survey with country-level data on economic freedom and other relevant factors. It controls for all relevant characteristics of survey respondents as well as for potentially confounding country-level characteristics. It also addresses potential endogeneity of economic freedom.
1-Naphthols as components for multifunctional material systems (MFMS): the molecular modeling approach
Authors: Radkowska Ilona , Bragiel Piotr 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIncreasing research interests have been paid to developing efficient multifunctional material systems (MFMS) by using various composite materials, owing to their useful properties and good stability. Here, we systematically studied 1-naphthols, especially how the type and position of a substituent influence the reactivity and properties, using different electron-directing groups. During computations, important preparation guidelines for thiol derivatives of 1-naphthol were obtained. It is very interesting to note that some molecules could exhibit intramolecular O–H–O interactions. Careful theoretical investigation reveals that all the tested compounds are stable and the molecules with substituents in positions 4 and 8 are the least reactive. It is also worth noting that for the stability and polarizability tensor values, it is more favorable when both substituents are in the same benzene ring. Among tested 1-naphthols, the greatest values of alpha, beta, and gamma are more than 5, 60, and 110 times better respectively, than in the urea molecule; the change of electron-withdrawing group (EWG) to electron-donating group (EDG) increases NLO effects. This study provided a new scope of 1-naphthols applicability by using them as anti-corrosion materials and as very good materials for NLO devices due to the high stability of the aromatic structure coupled with polarity given by the substituents. Also, the understanding of IR vibrations for more complex organic compounds with thiol substituent has been improved.
On the Role of Mental Health Activities for Teachers’ Work and Life
Authors: Hofmann Hanna , Groß Daniel , Kohlmann Carl-Walter 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEveryday behavior is getting increasingly attention, both in the prevention of mental impairment and the promotion of mental health – within and beyond the work context. The present study aimed to identify the importance of mental health activities for well-being and positive functioning of teachers, while taking affectivity into account. Teachers are confronted with various stressors, and identifying predictors of teachers’ well-being and positive functioning is important, not only for teachers’ personal health, but also for their students’ well-being and achievement. Based on the Broaden and Build (B&B) theory and Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, we assumed that (1) the practice of mental health activities is associated with well-being (i.e., positive mental health) and positive functioning (i.e., healthy and unhealthy work-related behavior and experiences), and that (2) mental health activities mediate the association between affectivity and the respective outcomes. These assumptions were tested in a sample of 326 German teachers (75% female, age: M = 44, SD = 11.85). The practice of mental health activities was associated with more positive mental health, more healthy work-related behavior and experiences, and less unhealthy work-related behavior and experiences. Moreover, mental health activities partly explained the relationship between affectivity and the respective outcomes. The present findings indicate the potential of mental health activities for mental health promotion in teachers but future studies are recommended in order to establish causal effects.
Exposure of the SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells to 50-Hz Magnetic Field: Comparison Between Two-Dimensional (2D) and Three-Dimensional (3D) In Vitro Cultures
Authors: Consales Claudia , Butera Alessio , Merla Caterina , Pasquali Emanuela , Lopresto Vanni , Pinto Rosanna , Pierdomenico Maria , Mancuso Mariateresa , Marino Carmela , Benassi Barbara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe here characterize the response to the extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic field (MF, 50 Hz, 1 mT) of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, cultured in a three-dimensional (3D) Alvetex® scaffold compared to conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayers. We proved that the growing phenotype of proliferating SH-SY5Y cells is not affected by the culturing conditions, as morphology, cell cycle distribution, proliferation/differentiation gene expression of 3D-cultures overlap what reported in 2D plates. In response to 72-h exposure to 50-Hz MF, we demonstrated that no proliferation change and apoptosis activation occur in both 2D and 3D cultures. Consistently, no modulation of Ki67, MYCN, CCDN1, and Nestin, of invasiveness and neo-angiogenesis-controlling genes (HIF-1α, VEGF, and PDGF) and of microRNA epigenetic signature (miR-21-5p, miR-222-3p and miR-133b) is driven by ELF exposure. Conversely, intracellular glutathione content and SOD1 expression are exclusively impaired in 3D-culture cells in response to the MF, whereas no change of such redox modulators is observed in SH-SY5Y cells if grown on 2D monolayers. Moreover, ELF-MF synergizes with the differentiating agents to stimulate neuroblastoma differentiation into a dopaminergic (DA) phenotype in the 3D-scaffold culture only, as growth arrest and induction of p21, TH, DAT, and GAP43 are reported in ELF-exposed SH-SY5Y cells exclusively if grown on 3D scaffolds. As overall, our findings prove that 3D culture is a more reliable experimental model for studying SH-SY5Y response to ELF-MF if compared to 2D conventional monolayer, and put the bases for promoting 3D systems in future studies addressing the interaction between electromagnetic fields and biological systems.
A Systematic Review for Service Humanoid Robotics Model in Hospitality
Authors: Yang Jiaji , Chew Esyin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNowadays, the Fourth Industrial Revolution has brought artificial intelligence to the forefront, and more and more intelligent robots begin to be used in the hospitality industry. In this study, the application of service humanoid robots in the hospitality industry is investigated based on Cardiff Metropolitan University EUREKA Robotics Lab’s robot as reported by Lab (in Eureka robotics lab, 2017, https://www.cardiffmet.ac.uk/technologies/Pages/EUREKA-Robotics-Lab.aspx). The research ontology of this study is post-positivism. The research philosophy of this research is phenomenology. Phenomenological studies have indicated that this phenomenon can only be truly understood and experienced through subjective immersive research directly involving researchers, and the interaction among researchers is an integral part of the research. In this study, the data are collated through case researches and experimental interviews. Finally, Some proposals for transforming the traditional hospitality industry into the direction of intelligence is summarized. In future research, a technical model combining artificial intelligence will be further developed.
On s-extremal Riemann surfaces of even genus
Authors: Kozłowska-Walania Ewa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe consider Riemann surfaces of even genus g with the action of the group $$\mathcal {D}_n\times \mathbb {Z}_2$$

D
n

×

Z
2

, with n even. These surfaces have the maximal number of 4 non-conjugate symmetries and shall be called s-extremal. We show various results for such surfaces, concerning the total number of ovals, topological types of symmetries, hyperellipticity degree and the minimal genus problem. If in addition an s-extremal Riemann surface has the maximal total number of ovals, then it shall simply be called extremal. In the main result of the paper we find all the families of extremal Riemann surfaces of even genera, depending on if one of the symmetries is fixed-point free or not.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of 3D Cf/SiBCN composites fabricated by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis
Authors: Chen Bowen , Ding Qi , Ni Dewei , Wang Hongda , Ding Yusheng , Zhang Xiangyu , Dong Shaoming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this work, three-dimensional (3D) Cf/SiBCN composites were fabricated by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) with poly(methylvinyl)borosilazane as SiBCN precursor. The 3D microstructure evolution process of the composites was investigated by an advanced X-ray computed tomography (XCT). The effect of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) initiator addition on the crosslinking process, microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties of the composites were uncovered. With the addition of a DCP initiator, the liquid precursor can cross-linking to solid-state at 120 °C. Moreover, DCP addition decreases the release of small molecule gas during pyrolysis, leading to an improved ceramic yield 4.67 times higher than that without DCP addition. After 7 PIP cycles, density and open porosity of the final Cf/SiBCN composite with DCP addition are 1.73 g·cm−3 and ∼10%, respectively, which are 143.0% higher and 30.3% lower compared with the composites without DCP addition. As a result, the flexural strength and elastic modulus of Cf/SiBCN composites with DCP addition (371 MPa and 31 GPa) are 1.74 and 1.60 times higher than that without DCP addition (213 MPa and 19.4 GPa), respectively.
Lexicalisation of tonal downstep in Yoruba
Authors: Adeniyi Kolawole 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis work challenges the assumption that tonal downstep is a juncture feature in Yoruba by providing data, both from everyday conversation and from classical Yoruba dictionaries, which prove that the phenomenon is part of the lexical composition of many Yoruba words. It is further argued that the derivational path of some of the words having downstep has already been lost. It is also reported that the Assimilated Low Tone phenomenon, which is an indication that the delinked Low tone triggering downstep is still active in the phonology, is currently being lost in many dialects, which is giving way to more classical-like downstep in the language. Cross- dialectal evidence from Oyo, Ibadan, Onko, and Ijebu dialects, as well as from pitch tracks are provided to support the arguments and it is suggested that Yoruba is developing downstep via Assimilated Low Tone, and that this process has now reached an advanced stage.
Asymmetric pulse effects on pair production in polarized electric fields
Authors: Olugh Obulkasim , Li Zi-Liang , Xie Bai-Song 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Using the Dirac–Heisenberg–Wigner formalism, effects of the asymmetric pulse shape on the generation of electron-positron pairs in three typical polarized fields, i.e., linear, middle elliptical and circular fields, are investigated. Two kinds of asymmetries for the falling pulse length, short and elongated, are studied. We find that the interference effect disappears with the shorter pulse length and that the peak value of the momentum spectrum is concentrated in the center of the momentum space. In the case of the extending falling pulse length, a multiring structure without interference appears in the momentum spectrum. Research results show that the momentum spectrum is very sensitive to the asymmetry of the pulse as well as to the polarization of the fields. We also find that the number density of electron-positron pairs under different polarizations is sensitive to the asymmetry of the electric field. For the short falling pulse, the number density can be significantly enhanced by over two orders of magnitude. These results could be useful in planning high-power and/or high-intensity laser experiments.
Evaluation of the negative predictive value of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal swab screening in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Perreault Sarah K. , Binks Bailee , McManus Dayna S. , Topal Jeffrey E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal swabs are utilized to guide the discontinuation of empiric MRSA therapy. In multiple studies, MRSA nasal swabs have been shown to have a negative predictive value (NPV) of ~99% in non-oncology patients with pneumonia and other infections. We evaluated the performance characteristics of a negative MRSA nasal swab in the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) populaion to determine its NPV.Design:Retrospective chart review.Patients:This study included adult AML patients with a suspected infection and a MRSA nasal swab collected between 2013 and 2018.Methods:MRSA nasal swab and culture-documented infections were identified to determine the sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and positive predictive value of the MRSA nasal swabs.Results:In total, 194 patients were identified, and 484 discrete encounters were analyzed. Overall, 468 (97%) encounters had a negative MRSA nasal swab upon admission with no cultured documented MRSA infection during their hospitalization. However, 3 encounters (0.6%) had a negative MRSA nasal swab with a subsequent cultured documented MRSA infection during their admission. Identified infections were bacteremia (n = 2) and confirmed pneumonia (n = 1). MRSA nasal swab had a sensitivity of 62% (95% CI, 0.24–0.91), specificity of 98% (95% CI, 0.96–0.99), positive predictive value of 38% (95% CI, 0.21–0.6), and NPV of 99% (95% CI, 0.98–1).Conclusions:A negative MRSA nasal swab has a 99% NPV for subsequent MRSA infections in AML patients with no prior history of MRSA colonization or infection. Based on these findings, a negative MRSA nasal swab can help guide de-escalation of empiric MRSA antibiotic therapy.
Personality traits in psychosis and psychosis risk linked to TSPO expression: a neuroimmune marker
Authors: Gerritsen Cory , Iyengar Yajur , DaSilva Tania , Koppel Alex , Rusjan Pablo , Bagby R. Michael , Mizrahi Romina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Personality has been correlated with differences in cytokine expression, an indicator of peripheral inflammation; however, the associations between personality and central markers of inflammation have never been investigated in vivo in humans. Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, and the first responders to tissue damage and brain insult. Microglial activation is associated with elevated expression of translocator protein 18kDa (TSPO), which can be imaged with positron emission tomography (PET) to quantify immune activation in the human brain. This study aimed to investigate the association between personality and TSPO expression across the psychosis spectrum. A total of 61 high-resolution [18F]FEPPA PET scans were conducted in 28 individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, 19 First-Episode Psychosis (FEP), and 14 healthy volunteers (HVs), and analyzed using a two-tissue compartment model and plasma input function to obtain a total volume of distribution (VT) as an index of brain TSPO expression (controlling for the rs6971 TSPO polymorphism). Personality was assessed using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). We found TSPO expression to be specifically associated with neuroticism. A positive association between TSPO expression and neuroticism was found in HVs, in contrast to a nonsignificant, negative association in CHR and significant negative association in FEP. The TSPO-associated neuroticism trait indicates an unexplored connection between neuroimmune activation and personality that varies across the psychosis spectrum.
Faire de la philosophie en anglais et en français au Canada / Philosophizing in English and French in Canada
Authors: Maclure Jocelyn 
Published: November 2020

RÉSUMÉÀ l'occasion de la parution dans Dialogue de la traduction anglaise de l'un de mes articles, je formule ici quelques réflexions sur la publication de travaux philosophiques dans des langues autres que l'anglais.
Dialogue et l’épineuse question du bilinguisme
Authors: Bandini Aude 
Published: November 2020

RÉSUMÉEn guise d'introduction à la traduction anglaise d'un article de Jocelyn Maclure préalablement publié en français dans la revue, je présente ici quelques réflexions sur le bilinguisme de Dialogue dans le contexte philosophique actuel.
NOTE ON SAMELSON PRODUCTS IN EXCEPTIONAL LIE GROUPS
Authors: KISHIMOTO DAISUKE , OHSITA AKIHIRO , TAKEDA MASAHIRO 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe determine the (non-)triviality of Samelson products of inclusions of factors of the mod p decomposition of $G_{(p)}$ for $(G,p)=(E_7,5),(E_7,7),(E_8,7)$. This completes the determination of the (non-)triviality of those Samelson products in p-localized exceptional Lie groups when G has p-torsion-free homology.
Access to medicines in Turkey: Evaluation of the process of medicines brought from abroad
Authors: Atikeler Enver Kağan , Leufkens H.G.M. (Bert) , Goettsch Wim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveTurkey's health reforms started in 2003 with providing changes in regulatory, financing, and healthcare services. Access to health care and pharmaceuticals increased rapidly, and this resulted with an increase in public pharmaceutical expenditures. Our study aims to quantify and to evaluate the impact of a specific process within the Turkish system called “Medicines Brought From Abroad" (MBFA).MethodsWe reviewed the general reimbursement legislations of Social Security Institution (SSI), the guideline on MBFA, the SSI reimbursement list, the list of MBFA published by the Ministry of Health to describe the current supply mechanism of medicines and, in particular, the role of MBFA.ResultsTotal costs of the of MBFA medicines over the period 2011–17 went up to more than $520 million, which takes 7.5 percent of total public pharmaceutical expenditure for 2017. Our results showed that MBFA provides access to many orphan drugs and in total, forty-two orphan drugs listed in MBFA accounted for 83 percent of all MBFA budget in the year 2017. Nine of the top ten MBFA medicines were orphan drugs and total costs were $408 million. The highest budget impact was for eculizumab for “paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria” (PNH), covering 31 percent of total MBFA costs and 2.3 percent of overall drug costs in 2017.ConclusionsTurkey faced significant challenges for creating an access pathway for innovative medicines while continuing the sustainability of the public pharmaceutical budget like many other countries. Therefore, it may be argued that Turkey needs to create an independent health technology assessment organization to provide sustainable access to medicines in the future.