bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maximally accreting supermassive stars: a fundamental limit imposed by hydrostatic equilibrium
Authors: Haemmerlé L. , Meynet G. , Mayer L. , Klessen R. S. , Woods T. E. , Heger A. 
Published: November 2019

Context. Major mergers of gas-rich galaxies provide promising conditions for the formation of supermassive black holes (SMBHs; ≳105 M⊙) by direct collapse because they can trigger mass inflows as high as 104 − 105 M⊙ yr−1 on sub-parsec scales. However, the channel of SMBH formation in this case, either dark collapse (direct collapse without prior stellar phase) or supermassive star (SMS; ≳104 M⊙), remains unknown.
Aims. Here, we investigate the limit in accretion rate up to which stars can maintain hydrostatic equilibrium.
Methods. We compute hydrostatic models of SMSs accreting at 1–1000 M⊙ yr−1, and estimate the departures from equilibrium a posteriori by taking into account the finite speed of sound.
Results. We find that stars accreting above the atomic cooling limit (≳10 M⊙ yr−1) can only maintain hydrostatic equilibrium once they are supermassive. In this case, they evolve adiabatically with a hylotropic structure, that is, entropy is locally conserved and scales with the square root of the mass coordinate.
Conclusions. Our results imply that stars can only become supermassive by accretion at the rates of atomically cooled haloes (∼0.1 − 10 M⊙ yr−1). Once they are supermassive, larger rates are possible.
Prediction of Ergogenic Mouthguard Effects in Volleyball: A Pilot
Trial
Authors: Schulze Antina , Busse Martin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDental occlusion may affect static and dynamic balance. The effects of a
mouthguard on pinpoint accuracy in volleyball were investigated in 28 players
who completed a volleyball specific test. Also, masticatory electromyographic
tests were performed. The mean pinpoint accuracy was significantly higher with a
mouthguard (68.6±9.3 vs. 64.0±7.0 points from 100; p<
0.006). However, differential mouthguard effects were seen, and three subgroups
were classified: Group 1 (markedly improved pinpoint accuracy), Group 2
(improved pinpoint accuracy), and Group 3 (reduced pinpoint accuracy). Group 1
had a high masseter resting tone, the masseter activity was low in MVC (maximum
voluntary clench) and increased in BOC (maximum bite on cotton rolls; p<
0.04). This indicates a masseter weakness, which would be compensated by a
mouthguard. In Group 2, the masseter activity in MVC was high-normal with an
imbalance which was improved in BOC (p< 0.01), indicating a possible
mouthguard benefit. In Group 3, MVC and BOC were in a high-normal range and
showed no relevant deficits. In these subjects the mouthguard had adverse
effects. Overall, subjects with masticatory deficits had a benefit from the
mouthguard in pinpoint accuracy. Positive or negative mouthguard responders may
be detectible from electromyographic tests.
An Unusual Case of Syringohydromyelia Presenting with Neurogenic Bladder
Authors: Geljic Antonella , Abdovic Slaven , Stampalija Fran , Loncar Lana , Tripalo Batos A. , Cuk Martin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe report the case of a 4-year-old boy who first presented with acute pyelonephritis at the age of 6 months. Diagnostic workup revealed high-grade bilateral vesicourethral reflux (VUR). At the age of 18 months, a bulking agent was used to treat bilateral VUR. Since the VUR persisted, an open bilateral Lich-Gregoir procedure was done at the age of 3 years. Immediately after surgery, he developed acute urinary retention with hydronephrosis that resolved with the placement of dwelling urinary catheter. After removal of the catheter urinary retention relapsed so placement of suprapubic urinary catheter was indicated since he did not have sensory loss. He was started with tamsulosin (α − 1-blocker) and prophylactic antibiotics. Urodynamics were performed and suggested bladder outlet obstruction. On the basis of previous urethroscopy and the absence of neurological sequelae, the differential diagnosis of Hinman syndrome was made. After removal of the suprapubic catheter, clean intermittent catheterization was started and α-blocker continued. However, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and the spinal cord revealed syringohydromyelia extending from thoracic spine (Th5) to conus medullaris with 6 to 7 mm in diameter. Electromyoneurogram was normal. After a follow-up of 3 years, the hydronephrosis has resolved. The patient is on clean intermittent catherization and has no urinary tract infections.
Type 3 von Willebrand Disease in Pregnancy: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Makhamreh Mona M. , Kass Stephanie L. , Russo Melissa L. , Ahmadzia Homa , Al-Kouatly Huda B. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjective von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a hereditary bleeding disorder. Type 3 VWD is the most severe and rare phenotype that presents many challenges for management of pregnant women. The aim of this study was to review the maternal characteristics and complications in pregnant women with Type 3 VWD.Study Design A systematic literature search was performed to include all publications that address Type 3 VWD in pregnancy.Results Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. There were 28 pregnancies with Type 3 VWD in 17 women. All were diagnosed with Type 3 VWD prior to pregnancy. Concentrate treatment was administered before delivery for 19 pregnancies and postpartum for 26 pregnancies. Eight pregnancies required blood products postpartum. Primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) was reported in 48% (10/21) and secondary PPH was reported in 56% (5/9). Secondary PPH occurred between 7 and 22 days. No study reported hysterectomies, intensive care unit admissions, or maternal mortality. All 28 pregnancies resulted in 28 live births at term.Conclusion Our review highlights the maternal outcomes in patients with Type 3 VWD and the different approaches in management during pregnancy and delivery. Despite prior knowledge of this bleeding disorder, PPH was still a significant complication.
Isolated Single Umbilical Artery as a Risk Factor for Urinary Tract Infections in Childhood
Authors: Wainstock Tamar , Willner Nata Tifferet , Walfisch Asnat , Sheiner Eyal , Landau Daniella , Beharier Ofer 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine whether isolated single umbilical artery (iSUA), even absent identifiable genitourinary (GU) abnormalities, increases the risk of GU infection during childhood.
Study Design Retrospective population-based comparison of fetuses with iSUA versus normal three-vessel cords. Fetuses with growth restriction, prematurity, multiple gestations, and anatomical or chromosomal anomalies were excluded. The primary outcome was hospital-associated GU infection during the first 18 years of life. Kaplan–Meier's survival curves were used to assess cumulative risk; Cox's multivariable models were used to adjust for confounders.
Results Among 227,599 term singleton deliveries, children with iSUA (n = 729) had a higher incidence (1.8 vs. 0.6%, p < 0.001) and cumulative incidence (log-rank test, p < 0.001) of hospital-associated GU infection. The Cox's models confirmed these findings (hazard ratio: >2.82, confidence interval: 1.63–4.87 in composite models).
Conclusion iSUA represents an independent risk factor for GU infection. Urinary tract imaging may be warranted.
An Unknown Risk Factor for Sepsis in Very Low Birth Weight Preterms: ABO Blood Groups (BGaPS Study)
Authors: Cakir Ufuk , Tayman Cuneyt , Buyuktiryaki Mehmet 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjective There is insufficient study of the association of blood groups with neonatal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the blood groups associated with sepsis and blood groups in preterm infants.Study Design This retrospective study was conducted between January 1, 2010 and November 31, 2018 in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This study was done in single-center tertiary NICU. Infants born at gestational age (GA) <32 weeks with birth weight (BW) <1,500 g were included in the study.Results A total of 2,548 infants were included. The culture-proven sepsis ratio (30.2%) was the lowest in the O blood group and the highest in the AB blood group (37.5%) (p = 0.045). Meningitis ratio (6.5%) was significantly higher, and hospital stay (64.1 ± 33.9 days) was significantly longer in B blood group (respectively, p = 0.005, p < 0.001). In the AB blood group, GA (27.68 ± 1.12 weeks) was the lowest and early onset sepsis (EOS) (40.1%) and mortality (28.9%) ratio were found to be statistically higher (p < 0.001 for all groups). The AB group was significantly related to higher frequency of EOS (odds ratio [OR] = 2.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.68–5.12, p = 0.000), in addition to mortality (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.55–2.19, p = 0.001). The O group was found to be associated with lower risk of late onset sepsis (LOS) (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.06–3.058, p = 0.003) according to the model with corrected risk factor including GA, BW, and time of hospitalization.Conclusion Our study was the first study showing a relationship between certain blood groups and EOS/LOS in premature infants as well as meningitis.
Elevated Synovial Fluid Concentration of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and Interleukin-8 in Dogs with Osteoarthritis of the Stifle
Authors: Kleine Stephanie A. , Gogal Robert M. , George Clinton , Thaliath MaryAnn , Budsberg Steven C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractChemokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) have been shown to cause monocyte and natural killer cell chemotaxis and polymorphonuclear cell chemotaxis, respectively. Additionally, MCP-1 signalling has been implicated in modulating pain. Elevated synovial fluid concentrations of MCP-1 and IL-8 have been demonstrated in humans with osteoarthritis, but currently there are no studies evaluating synovial MCP-1 or IL-8 concentrations in dogs. Additionally, there are no canine studies evaluating the correlation between these chemokines and caregiver perceived pain and mobility, as measured by the clinical metrology instrument, Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs. This study documented elevated synovial fluid concentrations of IL-8 and MCP-1 in the stifle of dogs with secondary osteoarthritis compared with normal stifles. However, this study found no correlation between MCP-1 or IL-8 and Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs or radiographic severity of osteoarthritis.
Currarino Triad: Importance of Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: AbouZeid Amr AbdelHamid , Mohammad Shaimaa Abdelsattar , Seada Mohammad , Khiamy Khaled , Gamal Radwa 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCurrarino triad is a rare syndrome that may be occasionally encountered during managing cases of anorectal anomalies. The triad consists of anorectal anomaly, sacral bony defect, and a presacral mass. It may be familial or sporadic, with a reported female predominance. Identification of the characteristic notched sacrum (sacral scimitar) in plain X-ray (anteroposterior view) is considered the key for the diagnosis; however, not infrequently, this radiological sign is overlooked, especially with a small sacral defect.Excision of the presacral cyst is usually performed concomitantly during anorectoplasty. The prone position is the standard approach for posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) in males; however, in females, the supine position can be used as an alternative (anterior sagittal anorectoplasty). In this case report, excision of the presacral cyst took place in two steps: the first excision during the PSARP procedure in the prone position, and a second operation in the supine lithotomy position to remove a residual component of the lesion that was missed during the primary operation. It was clear that the supine lithotomy position provided better access to explore the presacral space than the prone position, especially with a deeply located cyst as in our case. The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the identification of the exact nature and extent of the lesion before surgery is crucial and should be performed in all cases.
Splenic Rupture Secondary to Vascular Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Managed by Coil Embolization of the Splenic Artery
Authors: Kamalanathan Keisha C. , Barnacle Alex M. , Holbrook Charlotte , Rees Clare 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Aim Atraumatic splenic rupture is uncommon and life-threatening. It may be related to underlying pathology and be the initial manifestation of the condition. Vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (V-EDS) is a rare autosomal dominant collagen vascular disorder, associated with vessel fragility and rupture. We describe a child presenting with splenic rupture managed by embolization of the splenic artery. She was subsequently diagnosed with V-EDS.
Case Description A 11-year-old girl with thalassemia trait presented with sudden onset of abdominal pain and hypovolemic shock. There was no history of trauma. Following resuscitation, abdominal computed tomography showed hemoperitoneum and active splenic arterial extravasation. Angiography demonstrated four bleeding points, from irregular vessels supplying the upper two-thirds of the spleen. These were not amenable to supraselective embolization. Therefore, coil embolization of the main splenic artery was performed, with no splenic supply seen on the postembolization angiogram. Her postoperative recovery was complicated by pancreatitis secondary to partial ischemia of the pancreatic tail. Subsequent extensive investigations excluded hematological, myeloproliferative, and infective causes for her splenic rupture. A safeguarding investigation was completed, with no pertinent factors identified. Findings of thin skin, abnormal bruising, and hypermobile joints raised a clinical suspicion of a connective tissue disorder. Genetic testing revealed a de novo mutation of the COL3A1 gene.
Conclusions There are only four reports of V-EDS causing splenic rupture in the literature to date. These patients were all adults and only one had not previously been diagnosed with V-EDS. All underwent splenectomy. While V-EDS presenting with abdominal visceral rupture in children has been reported, this is the first report of a child with V-EDS presenting with splenic rupture. It is the only case of splenic rupture secondary to V-EDS that has been managed minimally invasively by embolization.
Antibiotics for 3rd and 4th Degree Vaginal Lacerations, Uterine Tamponade, and Manual Placental Extraction
Authors: Stern-Ascher Conrad N. , Huang Yongmei , Duffy Cassandra R. , Andrikopoulou Maria , Wright Jason D. , Goffman Dena , D'Alton Mary E. , Friedman Alexander M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective Trends in use of antibiotics during delivery hospitalizations complicated by (1) 3rd/4th degree vaginal lacerations, (2) manual placenta extraction, and (3) uterine tamponade are not well characterized. The objective of this study was to analyze trends in antibiotic use during vaginal delivery hospitalizations complicated by these three clinical scenarios.
Study Design An administrative inpatient database was used to perform a serial cross-sectional analysis of antibiotic administration during delivery hospitalizations in the United States from January 2006 to March 2015. The primary outcome was receipt of antibiotics during vaginal delivery hospitalizations complicated by (1) 3rd and 4th degree vaginal lacerations, (2) manual placenta extraction, and (3) uterine tamponade. Patients with other indications for antibiotics were excluded. The Cochran–Armitage test was used to assess trends. Adjusted log linear regression analyses including demographic, hospital, and obstetric factors were performed to analyze factors associated with antibiotic receipt for each of these three clinical scenarios in both primary and sensitivity analyses.
Results From 2006 to 2015 the rate of antibiotic administration during delivery hospitalizations decreased from 43.1% in 2006 to 25.5% for 3rd and 4th degree lacerations and from 59.6% to 49.2% for manual extraction (p < 0.01). Administration of antibiotics in the setting of uterine tamponade decreased from 48.6% in 2006 to 27.6% in 2009 before rising to 62.5% in the first quarter of 2015. In adjusted analyses, comparing the first quarter of 2015 to 2006 adjusted risk ratios for antibiotic administration were 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56–0.66) for 3rd and 4th degree vaginal lacerations, 0.76 (95% CI 0.53–1.09) for manual placental extraction, and 0.83 (95% CI 0.76–0.92) for uterine tamponade.
Conclusion Antibiotics are not used consistently during vaginal deliveries complicated by 3rd/4th degree lacerations, manual placenta extraction, and uterine tamponade. These findings support that a significant opportunity exists for comparative effectiveness research to assist in characterizing best practices.
Male-to-Female Ratios, Race/Ethnicity, and Spontaneous Preterm Birth among 11 Million California Infants
Authors: Shaw Gary M. , Mayo Jonathan A. , Eisenberg Michael L. , Catalano Ralph , Stevenson David K. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objective An observed disparity in population-scale data are a larger number of males among preterm births (PTBs). We investigated spontaneous PTB risk among women of various race/ethnic groups in combination with infants' sex.
Study Design This observational study was conducted in > 10 million California births (1991–2012) using birth certificates linked with maternal and infant hospital discharge data.
Results Male-to-female ratios among term (37–42 weeks) infants exhibited the narrow ratio range 1.02 to 1.06 across race/ethnic groups. Such ratios among spontaneous PTBs were generally larger for all race/ethnic groups except non-Hispanic blacks. For blacks, ratios tended to be lower and similar to their term birth counterpart, 1.03. Hazard ratios adjusted for maternal age and education for non-Hispanic blacks were 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90–1.09), 1.01 (95% CI 0.95–1.08), 0.98 (95% CI 0.94–1.03), and 1.03 (95% CI 1.01–1.05), respectively, for gestational week groupings of 20 to 23, 24 to 27, 28 to 321, and 32 to 36. Hazard ratios for non-Hispanic whites for the same groupings were 1.08 (95% CI 0.98–1.18), 1.13 (95% CI 1.07–1.19), 1.21 (95% CI 1.17–1.25), and 1.18 (95% CI 1.17–1.19).
Conclusion Why male-to-female ratios are similar across gestational ages in blacks but substantially higher in other race/ethnic groups is theoretically considered relative to inflammation, stress, and other influences.
4 Synthesis of gem-Diboron Compounds from Diboron Reagents
Authors: Ping Y. , Wu C. , Wang J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstractgem-Diboron compounds are important intermediates in organic synthesis. In recent decades, a variety of methods for the preparation of gem-diboron compounds have been developed, among which, insertion into B–B bonds represents a unique approach. This chapter summarizes the synthesis of gem-diboron compounds based on insertion reactions into diboron compounds. These reactions include the diborylation of gem-dibromides, alkenes, benzylic C–H bonds, carbonyls, carbamates, and diazo compounds.
6 Borylation of Carbonyl and Imine Groups
Authors: Clark T. B. , Cho H. Y. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe nucleophilic borylation of carbonyl groups and imines provides α-oxy and α-amino boronate esters, respectively, under a variety of metal-catalyzed and metal-free reaction conditions. The resulting boronate esters, which can be accessed in high enantiopurity, have been utilized in a variety of transformations based on the reactivity of the carbon–boron bond. For α-oxy boronate esters, the oxygen or boron is often protected for increased stability. Formation of carbon–carbon bonds by homologation reactions and Suzuki–Miyaura-type coupling reactions provides advanced intermediates in synthesis. A variety of methods have been developed for the asymmetric synthesis of α-amino boronate esters, a key precursor to the α-amino boronic acid pharmacophore. Application of these methods to the synthesis of bortezomib and a precursor to (R)-cetirizine have been demonstrated.
7 Borylative Ring Opening
Authors: Pineschi M. , Boldrini C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis review describes published methods for the direct introduction of a boron atom into organic molecules by ring opening of strained cyclic systems using nucleophilic diboron species. Considering the synthetic versatility of functionalized organoboron derivatives, the newly formed carbon–boron bond thus installed paves the way for a wide range of useful subsequent transformations.
9 Decarbonylative/Decarboxylative Borylation
Authors: Xu L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOrganoboron species are versatile building blocks and have been widely used in the synthesis of bioactive molecules, natural products, and organic materials. Accordingly, approaches to access such compounds have been widely explored. Carboxylic acids, which are ubiquitous and abundant organic feedstocks, can be transformed into their borylated counterparts via several different catalytic or stoichiometric approaches. In this review, decarboxylative borylation reactions, which form a carbon–boron bond with elimination of carbon dioxide, are detailed in terms of reaction conditions, substrate scope, and experimental procedures.
10 Borylation Reactions in Water
Authors: Kitanosono T. , Kobayashi S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractOrganoboron compounds are integral to modern synthetic organic chemistry as their C–B linkages undergo a range of chemical transformations. Their privileged position is underpinned by their versatile transformability with retention of stereochemistry, as well as their non-toxic nature and excellent functional-group tolerance. Although water has become a common medium in the reaction of organoboron compounds, such as Suzuki–Miyaura couplings, C–B bond formations in aqueous media have emerged only recently. This chapter offers an overview of recent developments across the broad landscape of organoboron chemistry, using solvent amounts of water and covering a range of C–B bond-formation processes, including enantioselective reactions.
11 Nanocatalyzed Borylation Reactions
Authors: Geetharani K. , Bose S. K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNanocatalyzed organoboron synthesis is currently a topic of significant interest as it overcomes some of the limitations of homogeneous catalyst systems. This chapter focuses on the use of nanoparticles to catalyze carbon–boron bond-formation reactions via different approaches including diboration and hydroboration of C–C multiple bonds as well as C–H and C–X (X = Br, I) borylation reactions.
13 Boron “Ate” Complexes for Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Aiken S. G. , Bateman J. M. , Aggarwal V. K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAddition of a nucleophile to a boronic ester results in the generation of a tetravalent boronate “ate” complex. If there is a leaving group stationed on the carbon atom α to the boron atom, the boronate complex can undergo stereospecific 1,2-migration with simultaneous expulsion of the leaving group to form a homologated boronic ester. The enantioselectivity of the process is dictated by either incorporating a chiral substituent into the boronic ester component (substrate control), or by forming a boronate complex through the addition of an enantioenriched carbenoid species to a boronic ester (reagent control). Activation of a boronic ester with organolithium reagents generates a nucleophilic boronate complex that acts as a chiral organometallic-type reagent, reacting with a wide range of electrophiles with inversion of stereochemistry. This chapter discusses methodology available for the enantioselective homologation of boronic esters using both substrate- and reagent-controlled strategies, and the development of boronate complexes as chiral nucleophiles.