bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant frontostriatal connectivity in Alzheimer's disease with positive palmomental reflex
Authors: Gramespacher H. , Richter N. , Edwin Thanarajah S. , Jacobs H. I. L. , Dillen K. N. H. , Nellessen N. , von Reutern B. , Dronse J. , Kukolja J. , Fink G. R. , Onur O. A. 
Published: July 2020

Background and purposePrimitive reflexes may reoccur in various neurodegenerative diseases. However, little is known about their structural and functional correlates in the human brain. Notably, the neural mechanisms underlying a positive palmomental reflex (PMR) are poorly understood. As recent studies link Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐related primitive reflexes to a dysfunction of the corticostriatal motor circuit (CMC), we conducted the present study to investigate functional and structural correlates of a positive PMR. We hypothesized an involvement of frontostriatal structures and an impairment of the CMC.MethodsUsing whole‐brain resting‐state functional connectivity (FC), hypothesis and FC result‐based probabilistic tractography, and voxel‐based morphometry analyses, we compared two groups of AD patients with either positive (n = 12) or negative PMR (n = 12).ResultsNo significant differences in grey matter volume or structural connectivity (SC) could be observed between the PMR‐positive and PMR‐negative groups. In contrast, the PMR‐positive group showed a decreased seed‐to‐voxel FC between the bilateral supplementary motor area and parts of the right‐hemispherical caudate nucleus and thalamus and a decreased region of interest (ROI)‐to‐ROI FC between the left putamen and the left superior frontal gyrus.ConclusionData suggest that dysfunction of the CMC reflected by decreased FC underlies a positive PMR in patients with AD. The lack of significant grey matter or SC differences might reflect that changes in FC appear before changes in SC in the structures of the CMC and brain atrophy.
Clinical outcomes of direct‐acting antiviral treatments for patients with hepatitis C after hepatocellular carcinoma are equivalent to interferon treatment
Authors: Tahata Yuki , Sakamori Ryotaro , Urabe Ayako , Yamada Ryoko , Ohkawa Kazuyoshi , Hiramatsu Naoki , Hagiwara Hideki , Oshita Masahide , Imai Yasuharu , Kodama Takahiro , Hikita Hayato , Tatsumi Tomohide , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: July 2020

AimIt remains unclear how direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) treatments influence hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence and survival in comparison with interferon (IFN).MethodsIn total, 338 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and previous HCC treatments who initiated IFN (N = 88, IFN group) or DAA treatment (N = 250, DAA group) from January 2005 to November 2017 at 23 hospitals and achieved sustained virologic response (SVR) were analyzed. Cumulative HCC recurrence and survival rates were compared between the two groups using propensity score (PS) matching.ResultsAfter PS matching, 63 patients were selected for each group. The cumulative HCC recurrence rates at 1 and 3 years were 20.6% and 34.6% in the IFN group and 19.2% and 43.0% in the DAA group, respectively; the difference in cumulative HCC recurrence rates between the two groups was not significant (P = 0.332). No significant differences in HCC recurrence patterns were observed between the two groups. Overall survival rates at 1 and 3 years were 100% and 96.6% in the IFN group and 100% and 96.4% in the DAA group, respectively; the difference in overall survival rates between the two groups was not significant (P = 0.132). No significant differences in HCC recurrence and overall survival rates were observed between the two groups in subgroup analyses of patients receiving curative treatment (liver resection or radiofrequency ablation) for the most recent HCC before HCV treatment.ConclusionsThe recurrence rates and patterns of HCC and overall survival rates do not differ between SVR patients receiving IFN and DAA treatments.
Role of urinary cations in the etiology of interstitial cystitis: A multisite study
Authors: Parsons C Lowell , Argade Sulabha , Evans Robert J , Proctor Jeffrey , Nickel J Curtis , Rosenberg Matt T , Bosch Philip C 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo determine whether patients with interstitial cystitis have elevated levels of toxic urinary cations, to identify and quantify these cationic metabolites, and to assess their cytotoxicity.MethodsIsolation of cationic fraction was achieved by solid phase extraction using an Oasis MCX cartridge on urine specimens from interstitial cystitis patients and controls. C18 reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography was used to profile cationic metabolites, and they were quantified by the area under the peaks and normalized to creatinine. Major cationic fraction peaks were identified by reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. HTB‐4 urothelial cells were used to determine the cytotoxicity of cationic fraction and of individual metabolites.ResultsThe reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis was carried out on cationic fraction metabolites isolated from urine samples of 70 interstitial cystitis patients and 34 controls. The mean for controls versus patients was 3.84 (standard error of the mean 0.20) versus 6.71 (0.37) mAU*min/µg creatinine, respectively (P = 0.0001). The cationic fraction cytotoxicity normalized to creatinine for controls versus patients in mean percentage was −7.79% (standard error of the mean 3.32%) versus 20.03% (standard error of the mean 2.75%; P < 0.0005). The major toxic cations were 1‐methyladenosine, 1‐methylguanine, N2,N2‐dimethylguanosine and L‐tryptophan.ConclusionsThese data confirm significant elevation of toxic cations in the urine of interstitial cystitis patients. These toxic cations likely represent a primary cause of interstitial cystitis, as they can injure the bladder mucus and initiate an epithelial leak.
Involving mental health consumers in nursing handover: A qualitative study of nursing views of the practice and its implementation
Authors: Mullen Antony , Harman Katryna , Flanagan Karen , O’Brien Beth , Isobel Sophie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNursing handover occurs between shifts and is an important means of communication and information exchange around consumer care. The involvement of consumers in nursing handover, known as ‘bedside handover’, is well established within general health settings and promotes a patient‐centred approach to care. Bedside handover represents an opportunity for mental health settings to consolidate recovery‐oriented principles, albeit with some unique challenges in the way that involving consumers in nursing handover is implemented. This qualitative descriptive study explores the views of nursing staff and nursing managers about involving consumers in nursing handover and the process of implementation across five mental health inpatient units in Australia. The study took place in a local health district covering regional and rural areas of New South Wales that had issued a directive to implement bedside handover. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist was applied to this study. Six focus groups were held with nursing staff (n = 22), and eleven individual interviews were undertaken with nursing managers to explore their perceptions of bedside handover and its implications for nursing practice. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. Data from focus groups and interviews were analysed separately and then combined to generate three themes: (i) the mental health context is different; (ii) protecting consumer privacy and confidentiality; and (iii) it might make things worse. The findings provide insights into both the challenges, and the process of involving consumers in nursing handover within mental health settings and provides guidance for future implementation.
Association of MASP2 levels and MASP2 gene polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Xu Wang‐Dong , Liu Xiao‐Yan , Su Lin‐Chong , Huang An‐Fang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder. MASP2 is a mediator that plays an important role in complement system. As dysregulation of the complement system has been demonstrated to correlate with SLE pathogenesis, the role of MASP2 in lupus has not been widely discussed. In the present study, serum levels of MASP2 were evaluated in 61 lupus patients and 98 healthy controls by training cohort, and then a validation cohort including 100 lupus, 100 rheumatoid arthritis, 100 osteoarthritis, 100 gout, 44 Sjogren's syndrome, 41 ankylosing spondylitis patients confirmed the findings. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined the discriminatory capacity for serum MASP2. PCR methods tested the association of MASP2 gene polymorphisms (rs7548659, rs17409276, rs2273346, rs1782455 and rs6695096) and SLE risk. Impact of polymorphism on MASP2 serum levels was evaluated as well. Results showed that serum levels of MASP2 were significantly higher in lupus patients and correlated with some clinical, laboratory characteristics in the training cohort, and were much higher as compared to that in different rheumatic diseases patients in the validation cohort. Serum MASP2 showed a good diagnostic ability for lupus. Genotype frequencies and allele frequency of polymorphisms rs7548659, rs2273346 were strongly related to SLE risk, and genotypes of rs17409276, rs1782455, rs76695096 were significantly correlated with lupus genetic susceptibility. Interestingly, patients carrying GA genotype of rs17409276, TT, TC genotype of rs6695096 showed higher levels of serum MASP2. The findings suggested that MASP2 may be a potential disease marker for lupus, and correlate with SLE pathogenesis.
Can prophylactic argon plasma coagulation reduce delayed post‐papillectomy bleeding? A prospective multicenter trial
Authors: Yang Jae Kook , Hyun Jong Jin , Lee Tae Hoon , Choi Jun‐Ho , Lee Yun Nah , Choe Jung Wan , Park Jin‐Seok , Kwon Chang‐Il , Jeong Seok , Kim Hong Ja , Moon Jong Ho , Park Sang‐Heum 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and AimEndoscopic post‐papillectomy bleeding occurs in 3% to 20% of the cases, and delayed bleeding is also problematic. However, there is no consensus on how to reduce delayed post‐papillectomy bleeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic argon plasma coagulation (APC) to minimize delayed bleeding and reduce the persistence of residual tumors after endoscopic papillectomy.MethodsIn a prospective pilot study of patients with benign ampullary tumors, the prophylactic APC group underwent APC at the resection margin following a conventional snaring papillectomy. Then, 24 h later after the papillectomy, all patients underwent a follow‐up duodenoscopy to identify post‐papillectomy bleeding and were followed up until 12 months. The main outcomes were the delayed (≥24 h) post‐papillectomy bleeding rate and the tumor persistence rate.ResultsThe delayed post‐papillectomy bleeding rate was 30.8% (8/26) in the prophylactic APC group and 21.4% (6/28) in the non‐APC group (P = 0.434). The post‐procedure pancreatitis rates were 23.1% (6/26) and 35.7% (10/28), respectively (P = 0.310). The rate of tumor persistence did not differ between the two groups at 1 month (12.5% vs 7.4%, P = 0.656), 3 months (4.2% vs 3.7%, P = 1.00), 6 months (8.3% vs 3.7%, P = 0.595), and 12 months (0% vs 3.7%, P = 1.00). There were no procedure‐related mortalities or serious complications.ConclusionProphylactic APC may not be effective in reducing delayed post‐papillectomy bleeding or remnant tumor ablation immediately after conventional papillectomy (Clinical trial registration—cris.nih.go.kr; KCT0001955).
80 will be the new 70: Old‐age mortality postponement in the United States and its likely effect on the finances of the OASI program
Authors: McCarthy David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUsing a Bayesian cohort‐based mortality model, we identify strong evidence of mortality postponement at older ages in the United States. We use the results of the model to project mortality rates 75 years ahead, and show that this will likely raise the U. S. old‐age dependency ratio to ~55% by 2090 (~30% larger than the Social Security Administration [SSA] intermediate estimates). We estimate how this will affect the finances of the Old‐Age and Survivors Insurance program as modeled by the SSA. In our median estimate, using the SSA's intermediate‐cost assumptions, mortality postponement will raise the open‐system unfunded liability over a 75‐year period by around $6.8trn over SSA estimates, worsening the actuarial balance of the program by an extra 1.30% of taxable payroll. Mortality postponement will also have significant implications for other government programs, notably Medicare, and for private‐sector financial intermediaries, such as pension funds and insurance companies, as well as private households.
Assessing effects of substituting dietary fish meal with boiled donkey and cow blood meal on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of Clarias gariepinus juvenile
Authors: Ogunji Johnny O. , Iheanacho Stanley C. , Abe Gina A. , Ikeh Onyinye R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of cow blood meal (CBM) and donkey blood meal (DBM) supplemented diets on growth and digestive enzymes activity in juvenile Clarias gariepinus. Boiled blood meals (CBM and DBM) were used to substitute fishmeal at 7%, 17%, 25%, and 33% percentage inclusion levels, respectively. A total of 450 juvenile C. gariepinus (8.48 ± 0.09 g) were randomized to nine experimental diets coded as CBD1(7%), CBD2(17%), CBD3(25%), CBD4(33%), DBD1(7%), DBD2(17%), DBD3(25%), DBD4(33%), indicating Cow Blood Diet (CBD) and Donkey Blood Diet (DBD) respectively and CT (control). Analysis from this study reveals that the protein and energy contents of boiled DBM significantly superseded that of boiled CBM. Comparative assessment based on growth biometrics of fish showed that the fish cohort fed CBD1 (7%) performed best. This was followed by the group fed DBD1 (7%) and then the control. Diets formulated with CBM and DBM, respectively, having a percentage inclusion greater than 7% undermined the growth of Clarias gariepinus juvenile without any effect on digestive enzyme secretion.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens ferritins play an important role in full virulence through regulating iron homeostasis and oxidative stress survival
Authors: Yang Jing , Pan Xiaoyue , Xu Yujuan , Li Yuan , Xu Nan , Huang Zhiwei , Ye Jingyang , Gao Dawei , Guo Minliang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFerritins are a large family of iron storage proteins, which are used by bacteria and other organisms to avoid iron toxicity and as a safe iron source in the cytosol. Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a phytopathogen, has two ferritin‐encoding genes: atu2771 and atu2477. Atu2771 is annotated as a Bfr‐encoding gene (Bacterioferritin, Bfr) and atu2477 as a Dps‐encoding gene (DNA binding protein from starved cells, Dps). Three deletion mutants (Δbfr, Δdps, and bfr‐dps double‐deletion mutant ΔbdF) of these two ferritin‐encoding genes were constructed to investigate the effects of ferritin deficiency on the iron homeostasis, oxidative stress resistance, and pathogenicity of A. tumefaciens. Deficiency of two ferritins affects the growth of A. tumefaciens under iron starvation and excess. When supplied with moderate iron, the growth of A. tumefaciens is not affected by the deficiency of ferritin. Deficiency of ferritin significantly reduces iron accumulation in the cells of A. tumefaciens, but the effect of Bfr deficiency on iron accumulation is severer than Dps deficiency and the double mutant ΔbdF has the least intracellular iron content. All three ferritin‐deficient mutants showed a decreased tolerance to 3 mM H2O2 in comparison with the wild type. The tumour induced by each of three ferritin‐deficient mutants is less than that of the wild type. Complementation reversed the effects of ferritin deficiency on the growth, iron homeostasis, oxidative stress resistance, and tumorigenicity of A. tumefaciens. Therefore, ferritin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of A. tumefaciens through regulating iron homeostasis and oxidative stress survival.
A large‐scale genomic association analysis identifies the candidate causal genes conferring stripe rust resistance under multiple field environments
Authors: Wu Jianhui , Yu Rui , Wang Haiying , Zhou Cai'e , Huang Shuo , Jiao Hanxuan , Yu Shizhou , Nie Xiaojun , Wang Qilin , Liu Shengjie , Weining Song , Singh Ravi Prakash , Bhavani Sridhar , Kang Zhensheng , Han Dejun , Zeng Qingdong 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe incorporation of resistance genes into wheat commercial varieties is the ideal strategy to combat stripe or yellow rust (YR). In a search for novel resistance genes, we performed a large‐scale genomic association analysis with high‐density 660K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays to determine the genetic components of YR resistance in 411 spring wheat lines. Following quality control, 371 972 SNPs were screened, covering over 50% of the high‐confidence annotated gene space. Nineteen stable genomic regions harbouring 292 significant SNPs were associated with adult‐plant YR resistance across nine environments. Of these, 14 SNPs were localized in the proximity of known loci widely used in breeding. Obvious candidate SNP variants were identified in certain confidence intervals, such as the cloned gene Yr18 and the major locus on chromosome 2BL, despite a large extent of linkage disequilibrium. The number of causal SNP variants was refined using an independent validation panel and consideration of the estimated functional importance of each nucleotide polymorphism. Interestingly, four natural polymorphisms causing amino acid changes in the gene TraesCS2B01G513100 that encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase (STPK) were significantly involved in YR responses. Gene expression and mutation analysis confirmed that STPK played an important role in YR resistance. PCR markers were developed to identify the favourable TraesCS2B01G513100 haplotype for marker‐assisted breeding. These results demonstrate that high‐resolution SNP‐based GWAS enables the rapid identification of putative resistance genes and can be used to improve the efficiency of marker‐assisted selection in wheat disease resistance breeding.
Genomic footprints of repeated evolution of CAM photosynthesis in a Neotropical species radiation
Authors: De La Harpe Marylaure , Paris Margot , Hess Jaqueline , Barfuss Michael Harald Johannes , Serrano‐Serrano Martha Liliana , Ghatak Arindam , Chaturvedi Palak , Weckwerth Wolfram , Till Walter , Salamin Nicolas , Wai Ching Man , Ming Ray , Lexer Christian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe adaptive radiation of Bromeliaceae (pineapple family) is one of the most diverse among Neotropical flowering plants. Diversification in this group was facilitated by shifts in several adaptive traits or “key innovations” including the transition from C3 to CAM photosynthesis associated with xeric (heat/drought) adaptation. We used phylogenomic approaches, complemented by differential gene expression (RNA‐seq) and targeted metabolite profiling, to address the mechanisms of C3/CAM evolution in the extremely species‐rich bromeliad genus, Tillandsia, and related taxa. Evolutionary analyses of whole‐genome sequencing and RNA‐seq data suggest that evolution of CAM is associated with coincident changes to different pathways mediating xeric adaptation in this group. At the molecular level, C3/CAM shifts were accompanied by gene expansion of XAP5 CIRCADIAN TIMEKEEPER homologs, a regulator involved in sugar‐ and light‐dependent regulation of growth and development. Our analyses also support the re‐programming of abscisic acid‐related gene expression via differential expression of ABF2/ABF3 transcription factor homologs, and adaptive sequence evolution of an ENO2/LOS2 enolase homolog, effectively tying carbohydrate flux to abscisic acid‐mediated abiotic stress response. By pinpointing different regulators of overlapping molecular responses, our results suggest plausible mechanistic explanations for the repeated evolution of correlated adaptive traits seen in a textbook example of an adaptive radiation.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated MSTN disruption accelerates the growth of Chinese Bama pigs
Authors: Zhu Xiang‐Xing , Zhan Qun‐Mei , Wei Yan‐Yan , Yan Ai‐Fen , Feng Juan , Liu Lian , Lu Sheng‐Sheng , Tang Dong‐Sheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing technology is a simple and highly efficient and specific genome modification approach with wide applications in the animal industry. CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing combined with somatic cell nuclear transfer rapidly constructs gene‐edited somatic cell‐cloned pigs for the genetic improvement of traits or simulation of human diseases. Chinese Bama pigs are an excellent indigenous minipig breed from Bama County of China. Research on genome editing of Chinese Bama pigs is of great significance in protecting its genetic resource, improving genetic traits and in creating disease models. This study aimed to address the disadvantages of slow growth and low percentage of lean meat in Chinese Bama pigs and to knock out the myostatin gene (MSTN) by genome editing to promote growth and increase lean meat production. We first used CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing to conduct biallelic knockout of the MSTN, followed by somatic cell nuclear transfer to successfully generate MSTN biallelic knockout Chinese Bama pigs, which was confirmed to have significantly faster growth rate and showed myofibre hyperplasia when they reached sexual maturity. This study lays the foundation for the rapid improvement of production traits of Chinese Bama pigs and the generation of gene‐edited disease models in this breed.
Relationships between incidental physical activity, exercise, and sports with subsequent mood in adolescents
Authors: Koch Elena D. , Tost Heike , Braun Urs , Gan Gabriela , Giurgiu Marco , Reinhard Iris , Zipf Alexander , Meyer‐Lindenberg Andreas , Ebner‐Priemer Ulrich W. , Reichert Markus 
Published: July 2020

Physical activity is beneficial for human physical health and well‐being. Accordingly, the association between physical activity and mood in everyday life has been a subject of several Ambulatory Assessment studies. This mechanism has been studied in children, adults, and the elderly, but neglected in adolescents. It is critical to examine this mechanism in adolescents because adolescence plays a key role in human development and adolescents’ physical activity behavior translates into their behavior in adulthood. We investigated adolescents’ mood in relation to distinct physical activities: incidental activity such as climbing stairs; exercise activity, such as skating; and sports, such as playing soccer. We equipped 134 adolescents aged 12‐17 years with accelerometers and GPS‐triggered electronic diaries to use in their everyday life. Adolescents reported on mood repeatedly in real time across 7 days, and these data were analyzed using multilevel‐modeling. After incidental activity, adolescents felt better and more energized. After exercise, adolescents felt better but less calm. After sports, adolescents felt less energized. Analyses of the time course of the effects confirmed our findings. Physical activity influences mood in adolescents’ everyday life, but has distinct effects depending on the kind of physical activity. Our results suggest incidental and exercise activities entail higher post‐bout valence compared to sports in competitive settings. These findings may serve as an important empirical basis for the targeted application of distinct physical activities to foster well‐being in adolescence.