bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant mechanisms in salt-stressed Maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings: comparative analysis of tolerant and susceptible genotypes
Authors: Methela Nusrat Jahan , Islam Mohammad Shafiqul , Das Ashim Kumar , Raihan Hasan Uz Zaman , Rohman Md. Motiar , Chowdhury Abul Kashem , Mun Bong-Gyu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecent anthropogenic activities have spurred unparalleled environmental changes, among which elevated salinity levels emerge as a substantial threat to plant growth and development. This threat is characterized by oxidative stress, marked by the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), proline accumulation, and lipid peroxidation. This study investigated the response of four maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes - two tolerant (9120 and Super Gold) and two susceptible (Pacific 984 and PS999) - to salinity-induced oxidative stress. Seedlings aged seven days were exposed to 12 dSm− 1 salinity stress for five days, with various parameters including relative water content (RWC), ROS accumulation, proline levels, lipid peroxidation, lipoxigenase (LOX) activity, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and glyoxalases evaluated in fully expanded leaves. Susceptible genotypes exhibited higher RWC loss compared to tolerant genotypes, while proline accumulation was elevated in the latter. Enhanced ROS production (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide), melondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and LOX activity were observed in susceptible genotypes under salinity stress, along with increased oxidation of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (ASA) compared to tolerant genotypes. Enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) displayed higher activity in tolerant genotypes, while catalase (CAT) activity was significantly different between tolerant and susceptible genotypes under salinity stress in maize. Conversely, elevated activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) were observed in both genotypes, indicating their crucial role in cellular protection against ROS and metabolites during salt stress. In short, plants have devised tactics to scavenge surplus Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and uphold cellular redox balance amidst oxidative stress. This study aims to offer basic knowledge regarding both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, and the defense mechanisms they constitute against ROS detoxification upon salt stress conditions; furthermore, it also explores their interactions with cellular components.
Surface roughness impact of 3D Ti-alloy printed WR-10 waveguide and rectangular horn antenna at W-band (75-110 GHz)
Authors: Kim Cheolbok , Cadwell Ryan , Ngoma Anthony , Yang Zhong , Ahmad Md Mufassal , Kim Jungkwun , Kim Sung Jin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTo investigate the effect of the surface roughness of 3D-metal-printed sub-THz components, the WR-10 3-inch-long waveguide and 24 dBi rectangular horn antenna were 3D-metal-printed using a titanium alloy powder and a high-resolution 3D metal printer. The characterized surface roughness of the printed components was 17.27 µm in RMS from a 3D optical surface profiler, and a nodule ratio of 7.89 µm and surface ratio of 1.52 for Huray model from the analyzed SEM images. The measured results of the 3D-metal-printed waveguide and rectangular horn antenna were compared with the ones of commercial waveguide and horn antenna having the same shapes. The 3D-metal-printed waveguide has 4.02 dB higher loss than the commercial waveguide, which may be caused by an ohmic loss of 0.85 dB and a surface roughness loss of 2.81 dB. The 3D-metal-printed horn antenna has 2 dB higher loss then the commercial horn antenna, which may be caused by an ohmic loss of 0.2 dB, surface roughness of 0.1 dB and fabrication tolerance loss of 1.7 dB. The loss separation was done from the EM simulation by changing the conductor material and surface roughness.
Numerical investigation on the influence of groundwater flow on long-term heat extraction performance of deep borehole heat exchanger array
Authors: Yang Xiong , Cai Wanlong , Li Yongpeng , Wang Ming , Kong Yanlong , Wang Fenghao , Chen Chaofan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGroundwater convection is commonly observed in real-world projects, particularly in coastal and groundwater-abundant regions. To accurately evaluate the heat extraction capacity of the deep borehole heat exchanger (DBHE) considering groundwater flow, a conduction–convection coupled numerical model of the DBHE is established by OpenGeoSys (OGS) software. Then, the variation of the DBHE circulation temperature and the heat extraction capacity affected by different groundwater conditions, including Darcy velocity, location of the aquifer, and porosity of the aquifer, are quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the porosity and location of the aquifer have a limited effect on the heat extraction capacity of the DBHE. With the given scenario in this study, when the Darcy velocity reaches more than $$1\times 10^{-7}\,{{\textrm{m}}/{\textrm{s}}}$$

1
×

10

-
7

m
/
s

, it has a distinguishable effect on the heat extraction capacity of DBHE under the influence of groundwater. In addition, long-term simulations of multiple DBHEs considering the characteristics of the ground pipe network are performed in different directions of groundwater flow. The results indicate that groundwater flow can alleviate cold accumulation around the boreholes, and the thermal plume is pushed much towards the downstream direction. The cross-flow groundwater results in a higher circulation temperature than the parallel flow for the DBHE array. The maximum temperature difference between the two configurations is $${1.98}\,^{\circ }{\textrm{C}}$$

1.98

∘

C

, which occurs at the end of the 15th operating year based on the given parameters. The results of this study can be used as a guide for project engineers and decision-makers to accurately assess the heat extraction capacity of DBHE and strategize the layout of the DBHE array, taking into account the influence of groundwater flow.
Four functional genotoxic marker genes (Bax, Btg2, Ccng1, and Cdkn1a) discriminate genotoxic hepatocarcinogens from non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens and non-genotoxic non-hepatocarcinogens in rat public toxicogenomics data, Open TG-GATEs
Authors: Furihata Chie , Suzuki Takayoshi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Previously, Japanese Environmental Mutagen and Genome Society/Mammalian Mutagenicity Study Group/Toxicogenomics Study Group (JEMS/MMS toxicogenomic study group) proposed 12 genotoxic marker genes (Aen, Bax, Btg2, Ccnf, Ccng1, Cdkn1a, Gdf15, Lrp1, Mbd1, Phlda3, Plk2, and Tubb4b) to discriminate genotoxic hepatocarcinogens (GTHCs) from non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogens (NGTHCs) and non-genotoxic non-hepatocarcinogens (NGTNHCs) in mouse and rat liver using qPCR and RNA-Seq and confirmed in public rat toxicogenomics data, Open TG-GATEs, by principal component analysis (PCA). On the other hand, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) suggested seven genotoxic marker genes (Bax, Btg2, Ccng1, Cgrrf1, Cdkn1a, Mgmt, and Tmem47) with Open TG-GATEs data. Four genes (Bax, Btg2, Ccng1, and Cdkn1a) were common in these two studies. In the present study, we examined the performance of these four genes in Open TG-GATEs data using PCA.

Results
The study's findings are of paramount significance, as these four genes proved to be highly effective in distinguishing five typical GTHCs (2-acetylaminofluorene, aflatoxin B1, 2-nitrofluorene, N-nitrosodiethylamine and N-nitrosomorpholine) from seven typical NGTHCs (clofibrate, ethanol, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, hexachlorobenzene, phenobarbital, and WY-14643) and 11 NGTNHCs (allyl alcohol, aspirin, caffeine, chlorpheniramine, chlorpropamide, dexamethasone, diazepam, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, theophylline, and tolbutamide) by PCA at 24 h after a single administration with 100% accuracy. These four genes also effectively distinguished two typical GTHCs (2-acetylaminofluorene and N-nitrosodiethylamine) from seven NGTHCs and ten NGTNHCs by PCA on 29 days after 28 days-repeated administrations, with a similar or even better performance compared to the previous 12 genes. Furthermore, the study's analysis revealed that the three intermediate GTHC/NGTHCs (methapyrilene, monocrotaline, and thioacetamide, which were negative in the Salmonella test but positive in the in vivo rat liver test) were located in the intermediate region between typical GTHCs and typical NGTHCs by PCA.

Conclusions
The present results unequivocally demonstrate the availability of four genotoxic marker genes ((Bax, Btg2, Ccng1, and Cdkn1a) and PCA in discriminating GTHCs from NGTHCs and NGTNHCs in Open TG-GATEs. These findings strongly support our recommendation that future rat liver in vivo toxicogenomics tests prioritize these four genotoxic marker genes, as they have proven to be highly effective in discriminating between different types of hepatocarcinogens.
Hepatic artery stenting with Viabahn
Authors: Okumura Kenichiro , Ogi Takahiro , Matsumoto Junichi , Asato Nobuyuki , Sun Xiamin , Osanai Hirohito , Kozaka Kazuto , Kobayashi Satoshi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The effect of vessel morphology on the technical success and patency of Viabahn stent-grafts in treating postoperative arterial injuries and bleeding (AIB) after hepatopancreatobiliary surgery is not well understood. Difficulties in stent insertion persist despite using stiff guidewires to straighten tortuous vessels. This study aimed to identify vessel morphologies linked to technical success and short-term patency and to explore effective management strategies.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study examined 12 consecutive cases of hepatic artery stenting in 11 patients, using Viabahn grafts for postoperative AIB from 2017 to 2024. Patient data, angiographic outcomes, and stent placement details were reviewed. Different types of guidewires, including stiff and soft guidewires, were utilized to facilitate stent deployment. Vessel tortuosity and vessel narrowing before stent placement were evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. Outcomes measured included technical and clinical success rates, stent patency at one month, and the time from surgery to stent placement.

Results
Final technical and clinical success was achieved in all cases (100%). Vessel tortuosity often led to the emergence of accordion-like appearances upon vessel straightening, necessitating additional technical adaptations due to the formation of steps (p = 0.005). One-month stent patency was observed in 10/12 cases (83%). Among cases with severe vessel narrowing distal to the bleeding point, 2/3 (67%) experienced stent occlusion, significantly higher than those with less severe narrowing (p = 0.045). All occluded cases involved the extension of stent length by overlapping stent-grafts.

Conclusions
Steps created by the accordion-like appearance in the hepatic artery resulting from the straightening of tortuous vessels can complicate stent insertion, and severe narrowing distal to the bleeding point increases the risk of short-term occlusion.
Antimicrobial and enzymatic potential of Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. endophytes used in Benin (West Africa)
Authors: Aliou Sophia , Fanou Brice , Klotoé Jean Robert , Agbodjento Eric , Dougnon Victorien , Gbesso Norbert , Yangambele Toussaint , Hinnilo Curiace , Sovègnon Toussaint , Akotègnon Remi , Yemadje Alda , Nonviho Guevara , Fagbohoun Louis , Baba-Moussa Lamine 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. is a plant widely used in traditional medicine in Benin, treating various diseases such as diabetes, ulcers, parasitic infections, hypertension, and infertility. This plant is under strong anthropogenic pressure due to its overexploitation, putting it in danger of extinction. The study aims to explore the antimicrobial and enzymatic activities of endophytes produced by Pterocarpus erinaceus.

Methods
Fresh leaves, stems, and roots of P. erinaceus, collected in two phytogeographical zones of Benin, Savalou and Abomey-Calavi of Benin, were sterilized to eliminate surface microorganisms prior to cultivation and isolation of endophytes. Isolated endophytes were tested for various enzymatic activities (catalase, cellulase, protease, lipase, and amylase), and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated by measuring inhibition diameters. The content of total polyphenols and flavonoids was determined by spectrophotometry.

Results
The results showed that bacterial endophytes have a higher colonization (80.55%) and isolation (69.44%) rates than fungal endophytes (44.44% and 50%, respectively). Bacterial endophytes expressed more enzymatic activities such as lecithinase and amylase, whereas fungal endophytes showed little. Only two fungal isolates (HT1a and HF2b) showed antibacterial activity, and one isolate (HF2b) showed antifungal action against Candida albicans, while no bacterial isolate demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity. Fungal isolates show significant variation in polyphenol content, while bacterial isolates show similar levels. As far as flavonoids are concerned, bacterial strains such as F3b and SR2C have high levels, unlike fungal endophytes which contain very few.

Conclusion
These results underscore the importance of conserving P. erinaceus while exploring its endophytes for potential therapeutic applications.
Delayed optical feedback-regulated artificial soliton molecule in a femtosecond optical parametric oscillator
Authors: Cai Yu , Fan Jintao , Meng Fanchao , Song Youjian , Hu Minglie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSoliton molecules (SMs) play a crucial role in nonlinear optical systems, enriching our understanding of nonlinear science through the study of their interaction dynamics. While passively mode-locked fiber lasers offer an efficient platform for generating diverse types of SMs, the complex internal dynamics of the laser often pose challenges in achieving predetermined temporal separations between SMs. Here, we implement a delayed optical feedback technique within a femtosecond optical parametric oscillator, enabling the generation of SMs with precise and controllable temporal separations. A theoretical model, which models the intracavity iterations of the signal with a simplified Ikeda map, is proposed to study the impact of parametric gain, intracavity feedback delay, and cavity length on the internal separations of the SMs. Our experimental results confirm that adjusting the cavity length allows for producing desired temporal separations within SMs. To reveal the evolution dynamics of the SMs, we further develop a rigorous numerical model using the carrier-resolved Forward Maxwell Equation, which is capable of modeling ultra-broadband complex dynamics based on a single equation without relying on the slowly-varying envelope approximation. The numerical model unveils the rich formation dynamics of the SMs at various separations, which confirms the critical role of the gain window provided by the pump. This work opens up new opportunities for the on-demand generation of SMs and provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics in femtosecond optical parametric oscillator systems with optical delayed feedback.
Impact of liquidity on capital structure and financial performance of non-financial-listed companies in the vietnam stock market
Authors: Nam Nguyen Hoang Phi , Tuyen Tran Thi My 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe primary objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the relationships between liquidity (LIQ), capital structure (LEV), and financial performance (FIP). Additionally, we seek to investigate the indirect effect of liquidity (LIQ) on financial performance (FIP) by examining the intermediary role of the capital structure (LEV) of non-financial-listed companies in the Vietnamese stock market. This study utilizes PLS-SEM with a robust sample of 644 non-financial-listed companies in the Vietnamese stock market. The findings suggest that liquidity positively influences financial performance but negatively impacts capital structure. Conversely, capital structure negatively affects financial performance. Thus, liquidity indirectly enhances financial performance through capital structure mediation. This research result can provide suggestions for non-financial enterprises in making financial decisions to increase financial efficiency by increasing the holdings of highly liquid assets to prevent risks and take advantage of new investment opportunities in the future. In addition, increasing the holding of highly liquid assets also reduces debt pressure and reduces interest costs, thereby increasing financial efficiency. Our research shows that the relationship between economic factors is extremely complex; specifically, our research shows the true nature of the positive impact of liquidity on financial performance, including direct positive effects and indirect positive effects through capital structure. In addition, our research results also show that non-financial enterprises that want to increase financial efficiency need to pay attention to revenue growth, and non-financial companies with larger total assets (size) will have more advantages in increasing financial performance.
Could hematological indices predict the response of rheumatoid arthritis patients to biological drugs?
Authors: Elnemr Rehab Abd El-AL , Elshatby Nehad Mohamed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
The present cohort study with a control group aimed to evaluate the predictive value of hematological indices in assessing treatment response to biological drugs, including Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors, and their impact on these indices.

Methods
The study included 115 RA patients with active disease and 67 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. All patients were assessed at baseline and after 6 months of biological treatment. The disease Activity Score of 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) and Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) were evaluated. The hematological indices used were the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophil-to-hemoglobin and lymphocyte (NHL) score, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), platelet-to-hemoglobin ratio (PHR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII).

Results
At baseline, The RA patients had significantly lower hemoglobin levels, a greater monocyte count, a greater platelet count, a significantly greater MLR, PLR PHR, NHL score, and SII than the control group (p ≤ 0.05). Neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages were positively correlated with the DAS28-ESR and CDAI. The PHR and NHL ratios were correlated with the ESR and CDAI. Biological treatment significantly decreased neutrophil, monocyte, and platelet counts, the MLR, the PHR, the NHL score, and the SII (p ≤ 0.05). Changes in the SII and NHL scores were associated with changes in the DAS28-ESR during treatment. No hematological indices showed predictive potential for nonresponse to biological treatment.

Conclusion
Hematological indices, such as MLR, PHR, NHL score, and SII, remain valuable despite not predicting non-response to treatment. These indices are cost-effective and widely available tools that correlate with RA disease activity, offering clinicians actionable insights into the inflammatory status of patients. Their utility lies in tracking treatment efficacy and guiding adjustments in therapeutic strategies, ensuring better disease management and improving patient outcomes.
Efficacy and Safety of Denileukin Diftitox-Cxdl, an Improved Purity Formulation of Denileukin Diftitox, in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Foss Francine M. , Kim Youn H. , Prince H. Miles , Akilov Oleg E. , Querfeld Christiane , Seminario-Vidal Lucia , Fisher David C. , Kuzel Timothy M. , Yannakou Costas K. , Geskin Larisa J. , Feldman Tatyana , Sokol Lubomir , Allen Pamela Blair , Dang Nam Hoang , Cabanillas Fernando , Wong Henry K. , Ooi Chean Eng , Xing Dongyuan , Sauter Nicholas , Singh Preeti , Czuczman Myron , Duvic Madeleine 
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE
Denileukin diftitox (DD)-cxdl is a fusion protein comprising diphtheria toxin fragments A and B and human interleukin-2. This phase III, multicenter, open-label, single-arm registrational trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of DD-cxdl in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).

PATIENTS AND METHODS
In the main study, which followed a dose-finding lead-in, DD-cxdl was administered intravenously daily (5 days; 9 µg/kg/d once daily) every 21 days for up to eight cycles. Patients in the primary efficacy analysis set (PEAS) were required to have stage IA-IIIB CTCL (mycosis fungoides and/or Sézary syndrome) and at least ≥one previous systemic therapy. The primary efficacy end point was objective response rate (ORR) using the Global Response Score. Secondary end points were duration of response (DOR), time to response (TTR), skin tumor burden, and safety and tolerability.

RESULTS
The PEAS included 69 patients (median age, 64.0 years). The ORR was 36.2% (95% CI, 25.0 to 48.7), including 8.7% with complete response. The median DOR was 8.9 months (95% CI, 5.0 to not estimable), and the median (Q1-Q3) TTR was 1.4 (0.7-2.1) months. A total of 84.4% of patients showed decreased skin tumor burden, with 48.4% showing a ≥50% decrease. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) of special interest, most of which were grade 1 or 2, included infusion reaction (73.9%), hypersensitivity (68.1%), hepatotoxicity (36.2%), and capillary leak syndrome (20.3% [grade ≥3, 5.8%]). Other common TEAEs were nausea (43.5%) and fatigue (31.9%).

CONCLUSION
Efficacy and safety results show that DD-cxdl would potentially fulfill a serious, unmet medical need for patients with R/R CTCL.
Suppressing morphology-dependent resonances in laser-induced fluorescence signals of fuel droplets using a two-dye approach
Authors: Koegl Matthias , Glahn Jake , Zigan Lars 
Published: December 2024

The present study focuses on suppressing morphology-dependent resonances (MDRs) in laser-induced fluorescence signals of micrometric fuel droplets. The fluorescence signal is generated by doping the fuels with the fluorophore nile red and its excitation by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm. The fluorescence signals are collected by a spectrometer and an imaging setup. In general, the MDRs appear at longer wavelengths in the emission spectrum compared to the fluorescence maximum. These artefacts can lead to large measurement uncertainties, especially for ratio-based fluorescence techniques. An admixture of the second dye solvent blue 38 (S38), which shows an absorption band matching the MDR emission of nile red, enables a suppression of MDRs that are also shifted to larger wavelengths. The study investigates the influence of S38 at various concentrations to the fluorescence signal of nile red in micrometric spherical ethanol droplets between 40 µm and 80 µm. Furthermore, the investigations revealed that an increase in laser fluence inevitably requires a larger concentration of S38. A sufficient admixture of S38 for a certain concentration of nile red ensures a full suppression of the MDRs in nile red fluorescence signals and facilitates reliable measurement conditions for droplet studies.