bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung and Kidney Perfusion Deficits Diagnosed by Dual-Energy Computed Tomography in COVID–19 Patients: Evidence Supporting Systemic Microangiopathy
Authors: Idilman Ilkay S. , Dizman Gulcin Telli , Duzgun Selin Ardali , Irmak Ilim , Karcaaltincaba Musturay , Inkaya Ahmet Cagkan , Demirkazik Figen Basaran , Durhan Gamze , Akpinar Meltem Gulsun , Ariyurek Orhan Macit , Akpinar Erhan , Rello Jordi , Akova Murat , Akata Deniz 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objectives: There is increasing evidence of thrombotic events occurring in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We evaluated dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) findings, particularly lung and kidney perfusion, in non-intubated COVID-19 patients. Methods: Thirty-one COVID-19 patients who underwent pulmonary DECT angiography between March 15 and April 30, 2020, and were suspected of having pulmonary thromboembolism were included. Pulmonary and kidney images were reviewed. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the perfused blood volume and iodine maps were performed. Results: DECT images showed perfusion deficits (PDs) in eight patients (25.8%), which were not overlapping with areas of ground-glass opacity or consolidation. Two patients had pulmonary thromboembolism confirmed by CT angiography. Five of 10 patients who had been infected for more than 5 days had PDs documented. Patients with PDs had a longer hospital stay (12.25 ± 8.81 vs 6.83 ± 5.04 days, p= 0.14), higher intensive care unit admission rates (37.5% vs 4.3%, p=0.02), higher CT scores (13.3 ± 8.2 vs 5 ± 5.4, p= 0.02) and more severe disease (50% vs 4.3%, p=0.01). In the PD group, serum ferritin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), fibrinogen, D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), and troponin levels were significantly higher, whereas albumin level was lower (p<0.05). D-dimer levels ≥ 0.485 ug/L predicted PD with 100% specificity and 87% sensitivity (AUROC: 0.957). Renal iodine maps showed heterogeneous enhancement consistent with perfusion abnormality in 13 patients (50%). Sodium levels were significantly lower in this group (p=0.03). Conclusions: Pulmonary perfusion abnormalities in COVID 19 patients is associated with more severe disease and in most of the patients can occur without macroscopic pulmonary thromboembolism. High rate of kidney perfusion abnormalities suggests subclinical systemic microvascular obstruction.
Chest X-Ray findings and visual quantitative assessment of COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Cellina Michaela , Orsi Marcello , Panzeri Marta , Byl Giulia van der , Oliva Giancarlo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
AimTo assess the most common chest X-Ray findings and distribution in patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19; to verify the repeatability of a radiological severity score, based on visual quantitative assessment; to assess the evolution of chest X-Ray findings at follow-up; to evaluate chest X-Ray sensitivity.MethodsWe analysed chest X-Rays at baseline of 110 consecutive COVID-19 patients (79 males, 31 females; mean age: 64±16 years) with RT-PCR confirmation, who presented to our ED.Two radiologists evaluated the imaging findings and distribution.A severity score, based on the extension of lung abnormalities, was assigned by two other radiologists, independently, to the baseline and follow-up X-Rays, executed in 77/110 cases; interobserver agreement was calculated. Chest X-Ray sensitivity was assessed, with RT-PCR as gold standard.ResultsInterobserver agreement was excellent for baseline and follow-up X-Rays (Cohen's K=0.989, p<0.001, Cohen's K=0.985, p<0.001, respectively). The mean score at baseline was 2.87±1.7 for readers 1 and 2. We observed radiological worsening in 52/77 (67%) patients, with significantly higher scores at follow-up (mean score: 4.27±2.15 for reader 1 and 4.28±2.14 for reader 2, respectively); p<0.001.Ground glass opacities were the most common findings (97/110, 88%). Abnormalities showed bilateral involvement in 67/110 (61%), with prevalent peripheral distribution (48/110, 43.5%).The X-Ray sensitivity for the detection of COVID-19 infection was 91%.ConclusionChest X-Ray highlighted imaging findings in line with those previously reported for chest CT. The use of a radiological score can result in clearer communication with Clinicians and a more precise assessment of disease evolution.
Pesantren for World Peace (A Case Study in a Pesantren in Jombang)
Authors: Makhrus Ali , Amalia Rizki 
Published: May 2020

<p>The issues of terrorism and radicalism emerge in almost all countries in the world. Acts of violence based on intolerance - religious, cultural, social- bring drastic consequences and often lead to a humanitarian crisis. Hate narratives, drastic changes of social order, poverty, and injustices influence people, especially youth, to be easily attracted by radical ideology. As a result, destructing church and other worship places, even killing non-Muslims become massive agendas held systematically and planned as the name of jihad. The wrong way to understanding Islam supporting peace and tolerance brings extremist people to have a perception that non-Muslim blood is halal. As a country with Muslims as the majority society, Indonesia needs to do comprehensive and systematic agendas to prevent young generations from radical ideology. <em>Pesantrens</em> as a reliable Islamic institution that have played significant roles in promoting peace and tolerance since many years ago need to have innovative ways to promote world peace. This study aimed to explore the role of a Pesantren in Jombang to promote world peace through conducting an international interfaith event namely <em>ASEAN Youth Interfaith Camp </em>involving 94 youths from many countries. This study was qualitative research using interview, observation and document analysis as tools to gather data. This study found that the Pesantren promote world peace through an international event involving credible speakers, and bringing the participants to visit some religious places and meeting various religious adherents. This paper hopefully could be an inspiration for other pesantrens in promoting world peace.</p>
Allelopathic effect of rhubarb extracts on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Cao Jingguo , Dong Zezhang , Zhao Hongyan , Duan Shuhui , Cao Xiaole , Liu Honglei , Yang Zongzheng 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
With its advantages of ecological safety, environmental affinity, and high selectivity, allelopathic technology has been widely developed for algae inhibition. However, obtaining effective allelochemicals and realizing their mechanism are difficult. In this paper, a Chinese herbal medicine, namely, Rheum palmatum L. (Chinese rhubarb), was utilized as a source of allelopathic substances for the first time. Four units of rhubarb organic extracts were collected to study the inhibition of growth, photosynthesis, proteins, and algal toxin of Microcystis aeruginosa. Results showed that the ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous phases of the rhubarb extracts have notable inhibitory effects. After a 16-day treatment, the four extracts reduced M. aeruginosa by 64.1%, 59.3%, 61.9%, and 7.2% with disruption of algal photosynthesis and protein synthesis and reduction of algal toxin.
Covid-19 ile Mücadelede Akciğer ve Bağırsak Mikrobiyotalarının Rolü
Authors: ACARKAN Tijen , ERDOĞAN Demet , KACAR Mehtap 
Published: May 2020

İlk defa 2019 Aralık ayında Çin’in Wuhan şehrinde görülen ve kısa sürede bir salgına neden olan COVID-19 11 Mart 2020'de Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) tarafından küresel salgın olarak ilan edilmiştir. Hastalık özellikle bağışıklık sistemi problemleri başta olmak üzere diyabet, kalp hastalıkları gibi diğer kronik hastalıkları olan kişilerde ciddi bir klinik seyir göstermektedir. Virüslere karşı savunmada immün sistemin fonksiyonları ve modülasyonu son derece önemlidir. Birçok araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, doğal immün sistemi güçlendirmenin yollarından biri de bağırsak mikrobiyotasını dengelemektir. Son zamanlarda yapılan çalışmalar akciğer mikrobiyotası ile bağırsak mikrobiyotasının ilişkili olduğunu ve mikrobiyota dengesinin viral solunum yolu hastalıklarının önlenmesi ve savunmasında önemli olabileceğini göstermektedir. COVID-19’a karşı etkin bir tedavi ve aşı geliştirmek için tüm Dünya’da bilim adamları yoğun olarak çalışmaktadır, ancak henüz kesin tedavisi ya da aşısı bulunamamıştır. Covid-19 hastalığı sürecinde fonksiyonel tıp bakış açısıyla fizyopatolojik mekanizmalara yönelik geliştirilecek yeni profilaktik yaklaşımlar ve tedavi protokollerine ihtiyaç vardır. Bağırsak ve akciğer mikrobiyotaların düzenlenmesinin immün sistemi güçlendirerek korunmada önemli olabileceği, yanı sıra tedavi protokollerinde bir tedavi hedefi olarak yer alabileceğini ileri sürülmektedir. COVID-19 salgını, sağlıklı yaşam, sağlığın korunması, güçlendirme ve bağışıklık sistemi modülasyonu gibi profilaktik yaklaşımların önemini bir kez daha göstermiştir. Mikrobiyota kaynaklarının nasıl elde edilip kullanılacağı, mikrobiyota düzenleyici-destekleyici ürünlerin uygulamasının standardizasyonu ve beslenmenin düzenlenmesinin tedavideki rolü gibi pek çok konuda ileri araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Fatores intervenientes na implantação do checklist de cirurgia segura em um hospital universitário
Authors: Ferreira Rosilene Alves , Da Silva Maria Virgínia Dodoy , Daú Gláucya Lima , Fassarella Cíntia Silva , Meneses Ricardo De Oliveira 
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: identificar os fatores intervenientes na implantação do checklist de cirurgia segura em um hospital universitário. Método: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados realizada no período de março a maio, através de entrevistas posteriormente transcritas na íntegra. Para o tratamento dos dados foi utilizado análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Participaram do estudo três enfermeiros, quatro residentes de enfermagem, sete residentes de medicina e nove técnicos de enfermagem. Os resultados foram agrupados em dois eixos: os fatores que dificultam a implantação do checklist, sendo estes, modificar a cultura, déficit de material, resistência da equipe e a burocracia; os fatores que favorecem são hospital universitário e qualificação profissional. Conclusão: A mudança cultural destacou-se como dificultador no processo de implantação do checklist de cirurgia segura, em contrapartida, o principal fator que favorece esse processo é a instituição ser unidade de ensino tendo o corpo acadêmico inserido na assistência.
Avaliação da estrutura da atenção primária à saúde na atenção à hanseníase
Authors: Leite Thiaskara Ramile Caldas , Lopes Maria Do Socorro Vieira , Maia Evanira Rodrigues , Cavalcante Edilma Gomes Rocha 
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: avaliar a estrutura das Unidades Básicas de Saúde quanto aos recursos materiais, medicamentos e insumos na atenção à hanseníase. Método: estudo realizado em 45 UBS de um município da Região Metropolitana do Cariri, Ceará. Foi aplicado formulário, tipo checklist dividido nos blocos: recursos materiais, medicamentos, insumos e materiais educativos. Resultados: materiais específicos para avaliação dos pacientes com hanseníase como fio dental sem sabor e Monofilamentos de Semmes-Weinstein não estão disponíveis em todas as UBS. Quanto aos impressos, em 98% das UBS havia ficha de notificação/ investigação de hanseníase. Sobre os medicamentos para o tratamento, as unidades possuíam apenas esquemas terapêuticos para adultos e a vacina BCG não estava disponível em 62% das UBS. Conclusão: constatou-se que as UBS avaliadas ainda possuem insuficiência de recursos materiais e insumos, fragilizando o serviço oferecido pela Atenção Primária aos usuários.
Qualidade de viva de idosos atendidos em Centro de Lazer: Estudo transversal.
Authors: Silva Rafael André da , Brasil Sabrina Da Silva , Moraes Andryelli Aires de , Figueiredo Nébia Maria Almeida de , Sé Aline Coutinho Sento , Silva Alexandre Sousa da , Tonini Teresa , Machado Wiliam César Alves 
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Analisar a qualidade de vida de idosos que participam de atividades inclusivas em um centro de lazer na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Método: estudo transversal, realizado no período de setembro de 2014 a julho de 2015, com 69 idosos cadastrados em Centro de Lazer da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Utilizou-se para coleta de dados os instrumentos WHOQOL-BREF, WHOQOL-OLD e questionário sócio demográfico. Resultados: No instrumento WHOQOL-BREF verificou-se que o domínio com a maior pontuação média foi o domínio Psicológico, já no WHOQOL-OLD foi à faceta Funcionamento do Sensório. Constatou-se que as variáveis religião e uso de medicamentos exerceram influência de forma significativa sobre a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos estudados. Conclusão: Este estudo fornece subsídios para aprimorar a atuação dos profissionais de saúde interessados em executar práticas proativas de promoção de qualidade de vida e saúde dos idosos.
Desbridamento de feridas em idosos na atenção primária em saúde
Authors: Balbinot Reis Girondi Juliana , Soldera Daniela , Evaristo Scheila Monteiro , Orlandi Honório Locks Melissa , Amante Lúcia Nazareth , De Souza Vieira Amanda 
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre desbridamento de feridas. Método: Estudo exploratório, descritivo realizado com 22 enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família de um município do Sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre maio e junho de 2018 por meio de questionário semiestruturado online. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o software de análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: Maioria dos enfermeiros conhece as técnicas de desbridamento e contraindicações, porém não sentem-se aptos e seguros para executá-lo, reflexo da fragilidade de instrumentalização, pois relatam que o conhecimento foi adquirido somente na graduação. Outro motivo de insegurança ao realizar o desbridamento é o distanciamento dessa prática diária. Conclusões: A instrumentalização dos enfermeiros com a prática do desbridamento é essencial para o processo de cicatrização de feridas. Uma vez que ações sistematizadas e individualizadas são fundamentais para o sucesso do tratamento de feridas complexas.
Effect of Flour Extraction Rate on the Sensory Evaluation of Iraqi Flatbread
Authors: Alhendi Abeer S. , Al-Shalchi Dhafer Z. , Alsallami Rana T. , Alobaidy Zahraa S. 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Increasing cereal fiber consumption is a trend worldwide nowadays because
of the health benefits of fiber. Increasing the flour extraction rate is a way to increase fiber consumption.

Methods:
Three high extraction rate flours were produced (80%, 85%, and 92%) to make Iraqi flatbread.
The produced flour was obtained from a big scale technical mill (10 tons/h, Altaji mill) by
changing roll adjustment or merging bran output with the flour from the production line. The bread
samples were evaluated for sensory acceptability using 9-points hedonic scale for palatability, flavor,
and freshness, and using the just-about-right scale for color and texture attributes for three sequencing
days.

Results:
Significant differences for palatability, color, and flavor attributes between slices of bread
produced from 80% and 92% extraction rates flours were observed. There were no significant differences
between the treatments for other attributes for the first day. On the second day, there were significant
differences in color attribute between 92% extraction rate flour and other treatments. While
the third day, there were no significant differences between the treatments for all attributes. The results
also indicated that there were no significant differences in the studied attributes within the same
treatment on different days.

Conclusion:
Iraqi consumers preferred bread prepared from lower extraction rates compared to higher,
and it is mostly because of the color factor.
Increased Circulatory Extrarenal 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Bilaterally Nephrectomized Rats
Authors: Dabak Murat , Dabak Durrin O. , Kuloglu Tuncay , Baydar Ersoy , Bulut Hakan , Ozoner Ozgur 
Published: May 2020

Background:
Extrarenal 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D) locally produced by immune
cells plays crucial roles in the regulation of the immune system. However, in vivo status of extrarenal
1,25-D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-D) in acute inflammatory conditions are unknown.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to determine the extrarenal 1,25-D level in circulation in
bilaterally nephrectomized rats, induced by low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Methods:
Renal 1,25-D synthesis was terminated through bilateral nephrectomy in rats. The rats received
intraperitoneal LPS (50 μg/kg BW) three times and the experiment was ended 24 hours after
nephrectomy. Serum 1,25-D, 25-D, calcium, phosphorus, intact parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin
levels were measured and immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the sources of extrarenal 1,25-
D synthesis.

Results:
Circulatory 1,25-D concentration remarkably increased in both LPS-treated and non-treated
bilaterally nephrectomized rats. Elevated circulatory 1,25-D did not have hypercalcemic endocrinal
effects. The increased 1,25-D level also resulted in a concurrent rapid and dramatic depletion of circulatory
25-D.

Conclusions:
Extrarenal 1,25-D could enter into the systemic circulation and, therefore, might have
systemic effects besides its autocrine and paracrine functions.
The Politics of Decision Making in the Council of the EU
Authors: Sabet Navid 
Published: May 2020

This paper examines the decision making of the Council of the European Union to gain insight into how consensus decisions emerge and how they change power allocations and influence the behavior of negotiators and voting blocs. It surveys rationalist and non-rationalist accounts of consensus decisions in the Council and concludes that rationalist explanations are more convincing. In this connection, the central argument of the essay is that consensus emerges as rational negotiators (a) coalesce into blocs dominant enough to win over and suppress opposing coalitions and (b) undertake strategies to avoid blame for failing to win consensus around their own preferred policy.
Acute Hyperglycemia and Spatial Working Memory in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Šuput Omladič Jasna , Slana Ozimič Anka , Vovk Andrej , Šuput Dušan , Repovš Grega , Dovc Klemen , Bratina Nataša , Avbelj Stefanija Magdalena , Battelino Tadej 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of acute hyperglycemia on brain function in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Twenty participants with T1D (aged 14.64 ± 1.78 years) and 20 age-matched healthy control subjects (aged 14.40 ± 2.82 years) performed two functional MRI sessions. Participants with T1D performed the first scanning session under euglycemic and the second under hyperglycemic clamp (20 mmol/L [360 mg/dL]).

RESULTS
Lower spatial working memory (sWM) capacity during acute hyperglycemia and significant differences in activation of regions of interest during different stages of the sWM task (P = 0.014) were observed.

CONCLUSIONS
Acute hyperglycemia negatively affected sWM capacity in adolescents with T1D, which is relevant for daily functioning and academic performance.
Effects of Sustained Treatment With Lixisenatide on Gastric Emptying and Postprandial Glucose Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rayner Christopher K. , Watson Linda E. , Phillips Liza K. , Lange Kylie , Bound Michelle J. , Grivell Jacqueline , Wu Tongzhi , Jones Karen L. , Horowitz Michael , Ferrannini Ele , Tricò Domenico , Frascerra Silvia , Mari Andrea , Natali Andrea 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE
Tachyphylaxis for slowing of gastric emptying is seen with continuous exposure to glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). We therefore aimed to establish whether prolonged use of a “short-acting” GLP-1 receptor agonist, lixisenatide, achieves sustained slowing of gastric emptying and reduction in postprandial glycemia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 30 patients with metformin-treated type 2 diabetes underwent assessment of gastric emptying (scintigraphy) and glucose metabolism (dual tracer technique) after a 75-g glucose drink, before and after 8 weeks’ treatment with lixisenatide (20 μg subcutaneously daily) or placebo, in a double-blind randomized parallel design.

RESULTS
Gastric retention of the glucose drink was markedly increased after lixisenatide versus placebo (ratio of adjusted geometric means for area under the curve [AUC] over 240 min of 2.19 [95% CI 1.82, 2.64], P &lt; 0.001), associated with substantial reductions in the rate of systemic appearance of oral glucose (P &lt; 0.001) and incremental AUC for blood glucose (P &lt; 0.001). Lixisenatide suppressed both glucagon (P = 0.003) and insulin (P = 0.032), but not endogenous glucose production, over 120 min after oral glucose intake. Postprandial glucose lowering over 240 min was strongly related to the magnitude of slowing of gastric emptying by lixisenatide (r = −0.74, P = 0.002) and to the baseline rate of emptying (r = 0.52, P = 0.048) but unrelated to β-cell function (assessed by β-cell glucose sensitivity).

CONCLUSIONS
Eight weeks’ treatment with lixisenatide is associated with sustained slowing of gastric emptying and marked reductions in postprandial glycemia and appearance of ingested glucose. Short-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists therefore potentially represent an effective long-term therapy for specifically targeting postprandial glucose excursions.
Designing A Zener Diode Using Ag2O(1-X)Zno(X)/Psi Structures Deposited by Laser Induced Plasma Technique
Authors: Jamal Raied K. , Ali Falah Hassen , Hameed Mohammed M. , Aadim Kadhim Abdulwahid 
Published: May 2020

In this paper Zener diode was designed by mixing three mixing ratios of Ag2O(1-x)ZnO(x), where x is 0.5, 0.3, and 0.1, that are deposited on a p-type porous silicon using laser induced plasma technique at room temperature (RT). The results of the Zener diode showed a decrease in knee and Zener voltage when the mixing ratio of Ag2O(1-x)ZnO(x) structure was increased. Nanofilms of 200nm thickness were prepared from pure ZnO and Ag2O as well as Ag2O(1-x)ZnO(x) with three maxing ratios and deposited on glass slides at RT to analyze the structure and optical properties. The structures of Ag2O and Ag2O(1-x)ZnO(x) showed high absorbance in the visible region with redshift in spectra when the mixing ratio was increased, while ZnO had a high absorbance in the ultraviolet region. It is concluded that when the value of x increases the energy gap value for the Ag2O(1-x)ZnO(x) structure decreases.