bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cell type‐specific expression map of NCoR1 and SMRT transcriptional co‐repressors in the mouse brain
Authors: Iemolo Attilio , Montilla‐Perez Patricia , Lai I‐Chi , Meng Yinuo , Nolan Syreeta , Wen Junneng , Rusu Iulia , Dulcis Davide , Telese Francesca 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe ability to rapidly change gene expression patterns is essential for differentiation, development, and functioning of the brain. Throughout development, or in response to environmental stimuli, gene expression patterns are tightly regulated by the dynamic interplay between transcription activators and repressors. Nuclear receptor corepressor 1 (NCoR1) and silencing mediator for retinoid or thyroid‐hormone receptors (SMRT) are the best characterized transcriptional co‐repressors from a molecular point of view. They mediate epigenetic silencing of gene expression in a wide range of developmental and homeostatic processes in many tissues, including the brain. For instance, NCoR1 and SMRT regulate neuronal stem cell proliferation and differentiation during brain development and they have been implicated in learning and memory. However, we still have a limited understanding of their regional and cell type‐specific expression in the brain. In this study, we used fluorescent immunohistochemistry to map their expression patterns throughout the adult mouse brain. Our findings reveal that NCoR1 and SMRT share an overall neuroanatomical distribution, and are detected in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons. However, we observed striking differences in their cell type‐specific expression in glial cells. Specifically, all oligodendrocytes express NCoR1, but only a subset express SMRT. In addition, NCoR1, but not SMRT, was detected in a subset of astrocytes and in the microglia. These novel observations are corroborated by single cell transcriptomics and emphasize how NCoR1 and SMRT may contribute to distinct biological functions, suggesting an exclusive role of NCoR1 in innate immune responses in the brain.
Genetic variability, community structure, and horizontal transfer of endosymbionts among three Asia II‐Bemisia tabaci mitotypes in Pakistan
Authors: Paredes‐Montero Jorge R. , Zia‐Ur‐Rehman Muhammad , Hameed Usman , Haider Muhammad Saleem , Herrmann Hans‐Werner , Brown Judith K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEndosymbionts associated with the whitefly Bemisia tabaci cryptic species are known to contribute to host fitness and environmental adaptation. The genetic diversity and population complexity were investigated for endosymbiont communities of B. tabaci occupying different micro‐environments in Pakistan. Mitotypes of B. tabaci were identified by comparative sequence analysis of the mitochondria cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene sequence. Whitefly mitotypes belonged to the Asia II‐1, ‐5, and ‐7 mitotypes of the Asia II major clade. The whitefly–endosymbiont communities were characterized based on 16S ribosomal RNA operational taxonomic unit (OTU) assignments, resulting in 43 OTUs. Most of the OTUs occurred in the Asia II‐1 and II‐7 mitotypes (r2 = .9, p < .005), while the Asia II‐5 microbiome was less complex. The microbiome OTU groups were mitotype‐specific, clustering with a basis in phylogeographical distribution and the corresponding ecological niche of their whitefly host, suggesting mitotype‐microbiome co‐adaptation. The primary endosymbiont Portiera was represented by a single, highly homologous OTU (0%–0.67% divergence). Two of six Arsenophonus OTUs were uniquely associated with Asia II‐5 and ‐7, and one occurred exclusively in Asia II‐1, two only in Asia II‐5, and one in both Asia II‐1 and ‐7. Four other secondary endosymbionts, Cardinium, Hemipteriphilus, Rickettsia, and Wolbachia OTUs, were found at ≤29% frequencies. The most prevalent Arsenophonus OTU was found in all three Asia II mitotypes (55% frequency), whereas the same strain of Cardinium and Wolbachia was found in both Asia II‐1 and ‐5, and a single Hemipteriphilus OTU occurred in Asia II‐1 and ‐7. This pattern is indicative of horizontal transfer, suggestive of a proximity between mitotypes sufficient for gene flow at overlapping mitotype ecological niches.
MOTEDAS century: A new high‐resolution secular monthly maximum and minimum temperature grid for the Spanish mainland (1916–2015)
Authors: Gonzalez‐Hidalgo José Carlos , Peña‐Angulo Dhais , Beguería Santiago , Brunetti Michele 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInformation was retrieved from the Annual Climate Summaries (ACS) on average monthly temperatures in Spain for the period 1916–1949, and combined with the digitalized data from the National Climate Data Bank of the Spanish meteorological service (AEMET) to create the new MOTEDAS_century (MOnthly Temperature Dataset of Spain) database of mean monthly maximums (Tmax) and minimums (Tmin). This database was used to calculate a high‐resolution (10 × 10 km) grid that allowed to make a detailed analysis of the temporal evolution of temperature in Spain during the period 1916–2015. Over the period, mean Tmax increased by 1.2°C, while Tmin increased by 1.0°C (this ratio is reversed in the second half of the century). In the last 30 years, however, mean annual Tmax and Tmin trends have not been significant. There are some differences between the new mean annual maximum and minimum temperature series and previous versions, which seem to arise from the much higher number of weather stations analysed, their location and the processing used. There is a discussion on the improved spatial representativeness of the new MOTEDAS_century that provides a more detailed representation of the spatial variability of temperatures in continental Spain.
Desertification affecting the Tibetan Plateau between 1971–2015: viewed from a climate perspective
Authors: Cuo Lan , Zhang Yongxin , Wu Yongqiu , Hou Mei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOur understanding of desertification on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is limited. This study aims to fill the knowledge gap by examining desertification and the underlying climatic factors between 1971–2015 on the TP using a dynamic vegetation model and observation‐based gridded climate data. Four factors including precipitation, days with above the threshold wind, simulated vegetation fractional plant coverage and soil moisture (SM) in 0–40 cm depth are employed for the spatiotemporal desertification analyses. Simulated plant functional types and SM are evaluated against the observations. By referencing the existing desertification maps in 1977, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2015, the thresholds of the four factors are determined, and the temporally continuous annual areas of four types of desertification are reconstructed. The Qaidam Basin and Ngari Desert are successfully identified by the above approach. The reduction of total desertification since 2000 is also consistent with national desertification surveys. Climate variation exerts the dominant control on desertification on the TP where population density is low, of which precipitation is the most important climate factor. Moderate but consecutive drought events correspond to the greatest desertification. During 1971–2015, the average total desertification area is 418,329 km2; among the four types of desertification, moderate desertification occupies the largest area (253,088 km2), followed by light desertification (105,583 km2) and extremely severe desertification (30,019 km2); severe desertification has the least coverage (17,597 km2). This approach can also be applied in the other regions given sufficient meteorological and ecological data.
Quad‐port ring dielectric resonator based MIMO radiator with polarization and space diversity
Authors: Dwivedi Ajay K. , Sharma Anand , Singh Ashutosh K. , Singh Vivek 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this communication, quad port MIMO antenna is designed and examined. It is designed by ring shaped ceramic material. The main attribute of proposed analysis are: (a) dual radiating modes are created in the ring shaped ceramic resonator, that is, HE11δ and HE12δ mode with the assistance of pentagon ring shaped aperture; (b) with the help of polarization and space diversity, the mutual coupling is lower than −20 dB among the ports; and (c) ring shaped ceramics provides better bandwidth performance as compare to cylindrical shaped ceramic. Measured results of fabricated protytpe confirms that the proposed radiator functions over two frequency ranges, that is, 2.45 to 2.75 GHz and 4.8 to 5.75 GHz. The value of ECC is also within the limit. All these features make the radiator applicable for wireless local area network (2.4 GHz) and WiMAX (2.5/5.1 GHz) applications.
Needle‐free cervical cancer treatment using helical multishield intracavitary rotating shield brachytherapy with the 169Yb Isotope
Authors: Hopfensperger Karolyn M. , Adams Quentin , Kim Yusung , Wu Xiaodong , Xu Weiyu , Patwardhan Kaustubh , Thammavong Bounnak , Caster Joseph , Flynn Ryan T. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeTo assess the capability of an intracavitary 169Yb‐based helical multishield rotating shield brachytherapy (RSBT) delivery system to treat cervical cancer. The proposed RSBT delivery system contains a pair of 1.25 mm thick platinum partial shields with 45° and 180° emission angles, which travel in a helical pattern within the applicator.MethodsA helically threaded tandem applicator with a 45° tandem curvature containing a helically threaded catheter was designed. A 0.6 mm diameter 169Yb source with a length of 10.5 mm was simulated. A 37‐patient treatment planning study, based on Monte Carlo dose calculations using MCNP5, was conducted with high‐risk clinical target volumes (HR‐CTVs) of 41.2–192.8 cm3 (average ± standard deviation of 79.9 ± 35.8 cm3). All patients were assumed to receive 25 fractions of 1.8 Gy of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) before receiving 5 fractions of high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy (HDR‐BT). For each patient, 192Ir‐based intracavitary (IC) HDR‐BT, 192Ir‐based intracavitary/interstitial (IC/IS) HDR‐BT using a hybrid applicator with eight IS needles, and 169Yb‐based RSBT plans were generated.ResultsFor the IC, IC/IS, and RSBT treatment plans, 38%, 84%, and 86% of the plans, respectively, met the planning goal of an HR‐CTV D90 (minimum dose to hottest 90%) of 85 GyEQD2 (α/β = 10 Gy). Median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) treatment times for IC, IC/IS, and RSBT were 11.71 (6.62, 15.40) min, 68.00 (45.02, 80.02) min, and 25.30 (13.87, 35.39) min, respectively. 192Ir activities ranging from 159.1–370 GBq (4.3–10 Ci) and 169Yb activities ranging from 429.2–999 GBq (11.6–27 Ci) were used, which correspond to the same clinical ranges of dose rates at 1 cm off‐source‐axis in water. Extra needle insertion and planning time beyond that needed for intracavitary‐only approaches was accounted for in the IC/IS treatment time calculations.Conclusion169Yb‐based RSBT for cervical cancer met the HR‐CTV D90 goal of 85 Gy in a greater percentage of the patients considered than IC/IS (86% vs 84%, respectively) and can reduce overall treatment time relative to IC/IS. 169Yb‐based RSBT could be used to replace IC/IS in instances where IC/IS treatment is not available, especially in instances when HR‐CTV volumes are ≥30 cm3.
Three‐Dimensional GRE T1ρ mapping of the brain using tailored variable flip‐angle scheduling
Authors: Johnson Casey P. , Thedens Daniel R. , Kruger Stanley J. , Magnotta Vincent A. 
Published: February 2020

PurposeTo introduce a new approach called tailored variable flip‐angle (VFA) scheduling for SNR‐efficient 3D T1ρ mapping of the brain using a magnetization‐prepared gradient‐echo sequence.MethodsSimulations were used to assess the relative SNR efficiency, quantitative accuracy, and spatial blurring of tailored VFA scheduling for T1ρ mapping of brain tissue compared with magnetization‐prepared angle‐modulated partitioned k‐space spoiled gradient‐echo snapshots (MAPSS), a state‐of‐the‐art technique for accurate 3D gradient‐echo T1ρ mapping. Simulations were also used to calculate optimal imaging parameters for tailored VFA scheduling versus MAPSS, without and with nulling of CSF. Four participants were imaged at 3T MRI to demonstrate the feasibility of tailored VFA scheduling for T1ρ mapping of the brain. Using MAPSS as a reference standard, in vivo data were used to validate the relative SNR efficiency and quantitative accuracy of the new approach.ResultsTailored VFA scheduling can provide a 2‐fold to 4‐fold gain in the SNR of the resulting T1ρ map as compared with MAPSS when using identical sequence parameters while limiting T1ρ quantification errors to 2% or less. In vivo whole‐brain 3D T1ρ maps acquired with tailored VFA scheduling had superior SNR efficiency than is achievable with MAPSS, and the SNR efficiency improved with a greater number of views per segment.ConclusionsTailored VFA scheduling is an SNR‐efficient GRE technique for 3D T1ρ mapping of the brain that provides increased flexibility in choice of imaging parameters compared with MAPSS, which may benefit a variety of applications.
Impact of industrialization, urbanization, and financial development on energy consumption: Empirical evidence from India
Authors: Sahoo Malayaranjan , Sethi Narayan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between energy consumption, industrialization, urbanization, economic growth, and financial development in India from 1980 to 2017. The ARDL bound testing; Johansen & Juselius cointegration approach and Gregory & Hansen structural break cointegration technique confirm the long‐run relationship exists among variables. The result of long‐run analysis indicates that the industrialization, urbanization and economic growth play a vital role in increasing energy consumption in India. However, financial development indicates negative relation to energy consumption. The coefficient of error correction term is negative and statistically significant at 1% confidence level, it means last‐period's deviation from a long‐run equilibrium. It is clear from the results of Toda‐Yamamoto Causality, there is a unidirectional causality running from industrialization to energy consumption. However, there is bidirectional causality showing between energy consumption and urbanization, economic growth and energy consumption, and urbanization and Economic growth. Urbanization facilitates fuel switching, as decentralized rural energy sources like traditional wood‐burning are replaced by centralized energy sources. From the above findings, we argue that proper awareness should be made at the urban center regarding use of energy saving equipments and public infrastructure should be improved to harness the effect of urban agglomeration. As rapid development of energy intensive‐industries and economic activity in Indian economy, there is need of energy efficient technology in industry in order to reduce energy consumption.
A review on recent advances in sandwich structures based on polyurethane foam cores
Authors: Khan Tayyab , Acar Volkan , Aydin M. Raci , Hülagü Burak , Akbulut Hamit , Seydibeyoğlu M. Özgür 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSandwich composites with a polyurethane foam (PUF) core have become a versatile set of materials with applications ranging from basic construction elements to advanced engineering materials. This diverse range of applications has provided these sandwich materials with a distinctive position in today's engineering world. This review focuses on the broad research that has been carried out on PUF core‐based sandwich composites over the years—especially in the last decade. Thorough details have been presented focusing on basic PUF core sandwich structures, advanced PUF core sandwich composites with different kinds of reinforcements and complex structures such as hybrid sandwich panels. All the research presented here has been categorized carefully, such as the types of materials used in various studies, the types of reinforcements and testing techniques used, including mechanical, electrical, dynamic, thermal and acoustic methods etc. Comparisons have also been made based on similar materials, similar testing procedures and similar application areas. Research areas have been highlighted by giving a deep insight into the most promising research, manufacturing techniques and improvement procedures. Major consumption areas and application sectors for PUF core sandwich composites have also been discussed in this review. Finally, conclusions have been made based on the results found from a literature investigation.
Doped hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon oxide layers for high‐efficiency c‐Si heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Zhao Yifeng , Mazzarella Luana , Procel Paul , Han Can , Yang Guangtao , Weeber Arthur , Zeman Miro , Isabella Olindo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon oxide (nc‐SiOx:H) layers exhibit promising optoelectrical properties for carrier‐selective‐contacts in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. However, achieving high conductivity while preserving crystalline silicon (c‐Si) passivation quality is technologically challenging for growing thin layers (less than 20 nm) on the intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon ((i)a‐Si:H) layer. Here, we present an evaluation of different strategies to improve optoelectrical parameters of SHJ contact stacks founded on highly transparent nc‐SiOx:H layers. Using plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition, we firstly investigate the evolution of optoelectrical parameters by varying the main deposition conditions to achieve layers with refractive index below 2.2 and dark conductivity above 1.00 S/cm. Afterwards, we assess the electrical properties with the application of different surface treatments before and after doped layer deposition. Noticeably, we drastically improve the dark conductivity from 0.79 to 2.03 S/cm and 0.02 to 0.07 S/cm for n‐ and p‐contact, respectively. We observe that interface treatments after (i)a‐Si:H deposition not only induce prompt nucleation of nanocrystals but also improve c‐Si passivation quality. Accordingly, we demonstrate fill factor improvement of 13.5%abs from 65.6% to 79.1% in front/back‐contacted solar cells. We achieve conversion efficiency of 21.8% and 22.0% for front and rear junction configurations, respectively. The optical effectiveness of contact stacks based on nc‐SiOx:H is demonstrated by averagely 1.5 mA/cm2 higher short‐circuit current density thus nearly 1%abs higher cell efficiency as compared with the (n)a‐Si:H.
New Indolyl‐Arylaminopropenone Conjugates: Synthesis, Cytotoxicity and Apoptotic Inducing Studies
Authors: Adil Shareef Mohd , Ganapathi Thipparapu , Khan Irfan , Rani Sunitha , Rajanna Ajumeera , Akbar Syed , Kumar C. Ganesh , Babu Bathini Nagendra 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn view of the antiproliferative potential of indoles and aryl amino propenones, a series of indolyl tethered aryl aminopropenones have been synthesized and investigated for their anti‐proliferative activity against selected human cancer cell lines. These compounds exhibited good to moderate activity against the tested cell lines. Among them, (Z)‐1‐(1‐(4‐chlorobenzyl)‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐3‐((3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)amino)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (6a) and (Z)‐1‐(1‐benzyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐3‐((3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)amino)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (6g) exhibited promising IC50 values of 2.3 μM and 1.9 μM, respectively, against MCF‐7 (human breast cancer cell line). The morphological studies indicated that compounds showed a dose dependent decrease of viable cells in MCF‐7 cell line. The flow cytometric analysis of these potential compounds revealed that they caused cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, Annexin‐V FITC study revealed that the potential compounds induced cell death by apoptosis. In addition, molecular docking studies of the most potential compounds provided insights about the binding interactions of the compounds with Bcl‐2 protein.
Nitrogen Doped γ‐Graphyne: A Novel Anode for High‐Capacity Rechargeable Alkali‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Chaofan , Qiao Chong , Chen Yang , Zhao Xueqi , Wu Lulu , Li Yong , Jia Yu , Wang Songyou , Cui Xiaoli 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHigh energy density is the major demand for next‐generation rechargeable batteries, while the intrinsic low alkali metal adsorption of traditional carbon–based electrode remains the main challenge. Here, the mechanochemical route is proposed to prepare nitrogen doped γ‐graphyne (NGY) and its high capacity is demonstrated in lithium (LIBs)/sodium (SIBs) ion batteries. The sample delivers large reversible Li (1037 mAh g−1) and Na (570.4 mAh g−1) storage capacities at 100 mA g−1 and presents excellent rate capabilities (526 mAh g−1 for LIBs and 180.2 mAh g−1 for SIBs) at 5 A g−1. The superior Li/Na storage mechanisms of NGY are revealed by its 2D morphology evolution, quantitative kinetics, and theoretical calculations. The effects on the diffusion barriers (Eb) and adsorption energies (Ead) of Li/Na atoms in NGY are also studied and imine‐N is demonstrated to be the ideal doping format to enhance the Li/Na storage performance. Besides, the Li/Na adsorption routes in NGY are optimized according to the experimental and the first‐principles calculation results. This work provides a facile way to fabricate high capacity electrodes in LIBs/SIBs, which is also instructive for the design of other heteroatomic doped electrodes.
Engaging in science practices in classrooms predicts increases in undergraduates' STEM motivation, identity, and achievement: A short‐term longitudinal study
Authors: Starr Christine R. , Hunter Lisa , Dunkin Robin , Honig Susanna , Palomino Rafael , Leaper Campbell 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOur short‐term longitudinal study explored undergraduate students' experiences with performing authentic science practices in the classroom in relation to their science achievement and course grades. In addition, classroom experiences (felt recognition as a scientist and perceived classroom climate) and changes over a 10‐week academic term in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) identity and motivation were tested as mediators. The sample comprised 1,079 undergraduate students from introductory biology classrooms (65.4% women, 37.6% Asian, 30.2% White, 25.1% Latinx). Using structural equation modeling (SEM), our hypothesized model was confirmed while controlling for class size and GPA. Performing science practices (e.g., hypothesizing or explaining results) positively predicted students' felt recognition as a scientist; and felt recognition positively predicted perceived classroom climate. In turn, felt recognition and classroom climate predicted increases over time in students' STEM motivation (expectancy‐value beliefs), STEM identity, and STEM career aspirations. Finally, these factors predicted students' course grade. Both recognition as a scientist and positive classroom climate were more strongly related to outcomes among underrepresented minority (URM) students. Findings have implications for why large‐format courses that emphasize opportunities for students to learn science practices are related to positive STEM outcomes, as well as why they may prove especially helpful for URM students. Practical implications include the importance of recognition as a scientist from professors, teaching assistants, and classmates in addition to curriculum that engages students in the authentic practices of science.