bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical changes in the pulmonary veins and left atrium after cryoballoon ablation
Authors: Miyama Hiroshi , Takatsuki Seiji , Hashimoto Kenji , Yamashita Terumasa , Fujisawa Taishi , Katsumata Yoshinori , Kimura Takehiro , Fukuda Keiichi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe anatomical changes in pulmonary veins (PVs) after cryoballoon ablation (CBA) are unclear. We aimed to determine the morphological changes in the PVs and left atrium (LA) along with the predictive factors for clinical PV stenosis.MethodsWe analyzed data of 320 PVs from 80 patients who underwent CBA for atrial fibrillation (age: 62 ± 10 years, 59 males). All patients underwent pre‐ and post‐procedural cardiac computed tomography. We defined clinical PV stenosis when the cross‐sectional area decreased by more than 50%.ResultsThe average ostial PV area and LA volume decreased significantly after CBA (pre‐ vs post‐CBA; 2.4 ± 1.0 cm2 vs 2.3±1.1 cm2, P < .001, 75.0 ± 23.2 cm3 vs 70.7 ± 21.9 cm3, P < .001, respectively). There was a significant correlation between the reduction rates of the PV area and those of LA volume (R = 0.411, P < .001). The larger preoperative PV area and greater reduction in LA volume were associated with advanced PV narrowing. Clinical PV stenosis was observed in six PVs, was more common in females (male vs female; 0.8% vs 4.8%, P = .043), and tended to be more frequent in left PVs (left PVs vs right PVs; 3.1% vs 0.6%: P = .107), irrespective of the LA volume reduction.ConclusionsThe significant reduction of the ostial PV area occurred after CBA, which correlated with the reduction rate of LA volume. The narrowing of the PV was partly produced by the LA volume reduction. Clinical PV stenosis was more common in females and tended to be more frequent in left PVs.
Heat stress in Marchantia polymorpha: Sensing and mechanisms underlying a dynamic response
Authors: Marchetti Fernanda , Cainzos Maximiliano , Cascallares Milagros , Distéfano Ayelén Mariana , Setzes Nicolás , López Gabriel Alejandro , Zabaleta Eduardo , Pagnussat Gabriela Carolina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSensing and response to high temperatures are crucial to prevent heat‐related damage and to preserve cellular and metabolic functions. The response to heat stress is a complex and coordinated process that involves several subcellular compartments and multi‐level regulatory networks that are synchronized to avoid cell damage while maintaining cellular homeostasis. In this review, we provide an insight into the most recent advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in heat stress sensing and response in Marchantia polymorpha. Based on the signaling pathways and genes that were identified in Marchantia, our analyses indicate that although with specific particularities, the core components of the heat stress response seem conserved in bryophytes and angiosperms. Liverworts not only constitute a powerful tool to study heat stress response and signaling pathways during plant evolution, but also provide key and simple mechanisms to cope with extreme temperatures. Given the increasing prevalence of high temperatures around the world as a result of global warming, this knowledge provides a new set of molecular tools with potential agronomical applications.
Impact of river dynamics on the genetic variation of Gypsophila repens (Caryophyllaceae): a comparison of heath forest and more dynamic gravel bank populations along an alpine river
Authors: Reisch C. , Sattler J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Alpine rivers are, despite anthropogenic water flow regulation, still often highly dynamic ecosystems. Plant species occurring along these rivers are subject to ecological disturbance, mainly caused by seasonal flooding. Gypsophila repens typically grows at higher altitudes in the Alps, but also occurs at lower altitudes on gravel banks directly along the river and in heath forests at larger distances from the river. Populations on gravel banks are considered non‐permanent and it is assumed that new individuals originate from seed periodically washed down from higher altitudes. Populations in heath forests are, in contrast, permanent and not regularly provided with seeds from higher altitudes through flooding. If the genetic structure of this plant species is strongly affected by gene flow via seed dispersal, then higher levels of genetic diversity in populations but less differentiation among populations on gravel banks than in heath forests can be expected.

In this study, we analysed genetic diversity within and differentiation among 15 populations of G. repens from gravel banks and heath forests along the alpine River Isar using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP).

Genetic diversity was, as assumed, slightly higher in gravel bank than in heath forest populations, but genetic differentiation was, in contrast to our expectations, comparable among populations in both habitat types.

Our study provides evidence for increased genetic diversity under conditions of higher ecological disturbance and increased seed dispersal on gravel banks. Similar levels of genetic differentiation among populations in both habitat types can be attributed to the species' long lifetime, a permanent soil seed bank and gene flow by pollinators among different habitats/locations.
Assessment of nutritional status in maintenance hemodialysis patients: A multicenter cross‐sectional study in Iran
Authors: Akhlaghi Zahra , Sharifipour Farzaneh , Nematy Mohsen , Safarian Mohammad , Malekahmadi Mahsa , Barkhidarian Bahareh , Norouzy Abdolreza 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionProtein‐energy wasting (PEW) is common in hemodialysis patients and is linked with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Regarding importance of nutrition in these patients, a recent study was administered to evaluate the nutritional status of hemodialysis patients.MaterialsIn this cross‐sectional study 540 HD patients from 15 dialysis centers were evaluated. The nutritional status of the patients was determined by Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), Dialysis Malnutrition Score (DMS), and Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS). Their dietary intakes were assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ).ResultBased on DMS, 66.7% of HD patients were well nourished and the prevalence of mild‐to‐moderate and severe PEW were 32.4% and 0.9% in HD patients, respectively. Based on MIS, 65.2% of HD patients were well nourished and the prevalence of mild‐to‐moderate and severe PEW was 34.0%. The prevalence of mild‐to‐moderate and severe malnutrition based on SGA was 35.0% and 1.1%, respectively. Energy and protein intake in 85.6% and 80.6% of patients respectively were less than the minimum recommended amount.ConclusionHD patients are at risk of malnutrition and in this regard training the patient, periodic assessment of nutritional status, and referring them to a dietitian seems necessary.
Democracy, aid, and diffusion: A normative approach to the hybrid regime
Authors: Kim Jessica 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite its increased prioritization over the past several decades, democracy remains an elusive feat for many nations. This is due, in part, to a recent uptick in hybrid regimes, which possess qualities of both democracy and authoritarianism simultaneously. Among others, one especially salient explanation for hybrid formation is democracy aid itself, which often engenders superficial democratization while masking ongoing authoritarian practices. Still, despite considerable research examining how various factors—including aid—impact hybrid regimes, relatively little headway has been made. This is due primarily to continued disagreement over how to best measure and situate hybrids within the broader democracy literature. In this review, I demonstrate the role sociology can play in addressing this issue while advancing research on democracy, hybrids, and aid in a productive way. I argue that using sociological theories explaining the spread of global norms—such as democracy—to analyze hybrid regimes will facilitate improved understanding of democracy and the factors which shape it across the social sciences.
“Where’s your bum brain?” Humor, social understanding, and sibling relationship quality in early childhood
Authors: Paine Amy L. , Karajian Gassiaa , Hashmi Salim , Persram Ryan J. , Howe Nina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe investigated humor production in relation to social understanding and relationship quality in early childhood, by coding N = 72 5‐year‐olds’ (M = 5.78, SD = .41) spontaneous humor production during play with an older (n = 34; M age = 7.84 years, SD = .84) or younger sibling (M age = 3.72 years, SD = .54). Children who demonstrated better understanding of minds also produced more humor (preposterous statements and humorous anecdotes, and sound play). Types of humor were differentially associated with siblings’ ratings of positive rapport; associations were moderated by sibling constellation factors. Our findings highlight children's humor production as an important marker of their understanding of minds and of their warm, positive relationships.
Project management tools for healthcare education
Authors: Dilly Christen K. , Klochan Katie A. , Bosslet Gabriel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHealth care education inherently requires managing projects, but few educators have the luxury of working with a project manager. In this article, we propose that applying project management theory to education work, and using project management software to organize our work, can improve our efficiency. We outline the approach project managers take to their work, which includes five steps: initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling, and closing. We apply project management theory to the processes involved with health care education projects, and we describe the typical work that would be done at each step. We introduce readers to project management software, using one free program as an example. We provide examples of how we have used the software successfully. Finally, we provide suggestions for educators to use when selecting project management software.
The ESCRT‐I components VPS28A and VPS28B are essential for auxin‐mediated plant development
Authors: Liu Jianyang , Wang Yanning , Cheng Youfa 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARYThe highly conserved endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) pathway plays critical roles in endosomal sorting of ubiquitinated plasma membrane proteins for degradation. However, the functions of many components of the ESCRT machinery in plants remain unsolved. Here we show that the ESCRT‐I subunits VPS28A and VPS28B are functionally redundant and required for embryonic development in Arabidopsis. We conducted a screen for genetic enhancers of pid, which is defective in auxin signaling and transport. We isolated a no‐‐cotyledon in pid 104 (ncp104) mutant, which failed to develop cotyledons in a pid background. We discovered that ncp104 was a unique recessive gain‐of‐function allele of vps28a. VPS28A and VPS28B were expressed during embryogenesis and the proteins were localized to the trans‐Golgi network/early endosome and post‐Golgi/endosomal compartments, consistent with their functions in endosomal sorting and embryogenesis. The single vps28a and vps28b loss‐of‐function mutants did not display obvious developmental defects, but their double mutants showed abnormal cell division patterns and were arrested at the globular embryo stage. The vps28a vps28b double mutants showed altered auxin responses, disrupted PIN1‐GFP expression patterns, and abnormal PIN1‐GFP accumulation in small aberrant vacuoles. The ncp104 mutation may cause the VPS28A protein to become unstable and/or toxic. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the ESCRT‐I components VPS28A and VPS28B redundantly play essential roles in vacuole formation, endosomal sorting of plasma membrane proteins, and auxin‐mediated plant development.
Multiphase Fluid Dynamics in Storage Tanks of Varying Geometry
Authors: Kargbo Obai , Xue Mi-An , Zheng Jinhai 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Sloshing control is key in the offshore storage and transportation of petroleum and other liquid phased products such as liquid natural gas (LNG). It is of interest in the enhancement of the structural stability of offshore platforms and floating production storage and offloading units. This work presents a numerical approach in the study and analysis of the effect of storage tank configurations on the hydrodynamic response of a multiphase-layered fluid undergoing sloshing. The study showed that tank configurations had an effect on the internal and free surface wave heights of the multiphase fluid sloshing in the tank, as well as on the dynamic pressure intensity being exerted on the tank walls, with some configurations exhibiting comparatively greater sloshing wave and pressure damping.
Experimental Study of Oscillating Freestream Effect on the Spatiotemporal Distributions of Leading-Edge Film Cooling
Authors: Shao Hongyi , Qenawy Mohamed , Zhang Tianlun , Peng Di , Liu Yingzheng , Zhou Wenwu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
An experimental study was conducted to investigate the influence of mainstream oscillations on spatio-temporal variation of leading-edge film cooling effectiveness. The investigation utilized fast-response pressure-sensitive paint (Fast-PSP) technique at high frame rate. During the experiment, coolant (i.e., CO2, DR = 1.53) was discharged into three rows of cylindrical holes. Various blowing ratios (i.e., M = 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 1.50) were tested under the steady (i.e., f = 0 Hz) and oscillating (i.e., f = 7 Hz and 25 Hz) conditions. The measured instantaneous effectiveness was analyzed in terms of time-averaged and phase-averaged results. The results revealed that the mainstream oscillation, consisting of simultaneous pressure and velocity oscillation, significantly influences the behavior of the film cooling effectiveness. The time-averaged effectiveness significantly decreased at high oscillating frequency (i.e., 13.0–19.8% reduction at M = 0.50, f = 25 Hz compared with f = 0 Hz), especially at low blowing ratios (i.e., M = 0.50 and 0.75). The phase-averaged results captured significant decay in the film distributions associated with backflow caused by negative pressure gradients in coolant holes at certain phases. However, the mainstream oscillation effect was relatively insignificant at high blowing ratios (i.e., M = 1.00 and 1.50), which revealed the robustness of coolant coverage at low coolant Strouhal number (i.e., high blowing ratio) under the same oscillating frequency. Furthermore, the unsteady coolant intermittency showed highly unstable film coverage at high coolant Strouhal number. The coolant decay associated with backflow at high coolant Strouhal number should be considered by the gas-turbine designers in order to improve the lifecycle of turbine blades.
Effectiveness of exercises by telerehabilitation on pain, physical function and quality of life in people with physical disabilities: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials with GRADE recommendations
Authors: Dias Jane Fonseca , Oliveira Vinicius Cunha , Borges Pollyana Ruggio Tristão , Dutra Fabiana Caetano Martins Silva , Mancini Marisa Cotta , Kirkwood Renata Noce , Resende Renan Alves , Sampaio Rosana Ferreira 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveInvestigate whether exercise-based telerehabilitation improves pain, physical function and quality of life in adults with physical disabilities.DesignSystematic review of randomised controlled trials.Data sourcesSearches were performed in AMED, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Embase, PEDro, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO.Eligibility criteriaTrials were considered if they evaluated exercise by telerehabilitation. The population included adults with physical disability. Comparisons were control and other interventions. The outcomes were pain, physical function and quality of life. Study selection, data extraction and analysis followed the protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019122824). GRADE determined the strength of evidence.ResultsForty-eight trials were included in the quantitative analysis. When compared with other interventions, there was high-quality evidence that telerehabilitation was not different to other interventions for pain (95% CI: −0.4 to 0.1), physical function (95% CI: −0.2 to 0.2) and quality of life (95% CI: −0.1 to 0.5) at long-term. There was moderate-quality evidence that telerehabilitation was not different to other interventions for physical function (95% CI: −0.1 to 0.5) and quality of life (95% CI: −0.2 to 0.5) at short-term. However, due to the low-quality evidence and the small number of trials comparing exercise protocols offered by telerehabilitation with control groups, it is still not possible to state the efficacy of telerehabilitation on pain, function and quality of life at short-term and long-term.ConclusionsExercise by telerehabilitation may be an alternative to treat pain, physical function and quality of life in adults with physical disabilities when compared with other intervention.
Undernutrition, polygynous context and family structure: a multilevel analysis of cross-sectional surveys of 350 000 mother–child pairs from 32 countries
Authors: Anjorin Seun Stephen , Uthman Olalekan A , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Chattu Vijay Kumar , Bishwajit Ghose , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Darteh Eugene Kofuor Maafo , Yaya Sanni 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundContextual factors, especially where people live, has been linked to various health outcomes, therefore, there is an increasing focus on its implication for policies and implementation of health interventions. Polygyny is a widespread practice in sub-Saharan Africa that also reflects socioeconomic and sociocultural features. This study investigated the association between polygynous context and risk of undernutrition.MethodsRecent Demographic and Health Surveys involving 350 000 mother–child pairs from 32 sub-Saharan African countries conducted between 2010 and 2018 as of March 2020, were analysed using relevant descriptive and 3-level multilevel logistic regression modelling. Undernutrition among under-5 was defined as underweight, stunting and wasting using the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study. Odd Ratio (OR) at 95% credible interval was used to report the associations.ResultsThe prevalence of contextual polygyny varied widely across the 32 sub-Saharan African countries, the lowest (0%) found in one of the regions in South Africa and the highest (52%) in one of the regions in Uganda. Underweight, stunting and wasting were lowest in Uganda (3.5%, 9.3%–1.27%, respectively), stunting was highest in Mozambique (37.1%) while wasting was highest in Niger (7.7%). Furthermore, the results showed that the contextual prevalence of polygynous practice exacerbates the risk of underweight (1.003 (0.997–1.008)) and wasting (1.014 (1.007–1.021)) among under-5 children, even when gender inequality and sociodemographic indicators were adjusted for. Polygyny was negatively associated with stunting though not significant; multiple births had the strongest and positive association with the risk of undernutrition among under-5 children in sub-Saharan Africa.ConclusionsThis study further corroborates the strong influence of contextual factors on health outcomes—which is undernutrition in this study. In addition to specific interventions aimed at reducing the prevalence of undernutrition, broader strategies that will address contextual issues are required.
Description of the epidemiological characteristics of work-related eye injuries in Spain: a retrospective study
Authors: Martin-Prieto Sergio , Álvarez-Peregrina Cristina , Thuissard-Vasallo Israel , Catalina-Romero Carlos , Calvo-Bonacho Eva , Villa-Collar César , Sánchez-Tena Miguel Ángel 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiological characteristics and trends of work-related eye injuries (WREIs) in Spain over a 10-year period by sex, age and occupational sector.Design and settingsA descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal study based on data from workers insured by a labour insurance company in Spain from 2008 to 2018 was presented. The study considered the ratio of the number of WREI per 100 000 population and the relative risk of suffering an ocular injury. WREIs were characterised by sex, age and occupational sector of injured workers.Primary and secondary outcome measuresRatio of the number of WREI.ParticipantsIn Spain, all workers are insured by a labour insurance company that provides cover in the event of work-related accidents. In this study, we have included all workers insured by one of these insurance companies, IBERMUTUA, with workers in all areas of Spain.ResultsThe study included 50 265 WREI in the company over the 10-year period. Most of the injuries occurred in males (44 445; 88.4%), in 35–44 age group (15 992; 31.8%) and in industry workers (18 899; 42.6%). The average incidence was 429.75 per 100 000 workers insured and 4273.36 per 100 000 IBERMUTUA accidents (related and not related to eyes). Males, 16–24 age group and industry occupational sector group, have the highest incidence for WREI. The incidence of WREI decrease over the study period in all variables. Males have 6.56 (95% CI 6.38 to 6.75) times more risk of suffering WREI than females. 16–24 age group have 1.77 (95% CI 1.71 to 1.83) times more risk than in the group of workers older than 55. Finally, industry workers have 7.73 (95% CI 7.55 to 7.92) times more risk than services workers.ConclusionsThe risks of suffering WREI is higher for males, younger and less experienced workers, and for those who works in a manual task.