bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rainfall Trend Analysis using Box Plot Method: Case Study UMP Campus Gambang and Pekan
Authors: Nadiatul Adilah A A G , Mohamad Zarif M , Mohamad Idris A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Climate change leads to changes in precipitation. This phenomenon has already begun to transform rainfall pattern in Malaysia. Rainfall data, temperature data, and evaporation data are collected and recorded monthly to display the relationship between rainfall, temperature, and evaporation to determine the pattern of hydrologic cycle. The relationship obtained, shows weather pattern at campus Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) in Gambang and Pekan. By monitoring of the weather conditions, it can help in controlling the activity in the UMP. Besides, weather data is very important in our life as the rainfall is an important consideration in design runoff conveyance and erosion control. Changing trend in rainfall distribution also gives an effect on hydrological analysis especially related to historical rainfall record. Box-plot method was used to determine the rainfall trend of hydrologic cycle. It is shown that the rainfall data that was collected that the rainfall event differs every year, as an example for 2016, a total of 1982.9 mm was collected and year after it decreased sharply to 994.7 mm in 2017 and for 2018 raised slightly to 1020.9 for UMP Pekan. Whereas for UMP Gambang, 1072.8 mm in 2016, and also decreased slightly to 972.5 mm in 2017 and in 2018 increased to 1309.8 mm. It shows that each year trend of rainfall for each UMP campuses had change.
Nanoparticle in Asphalt Binder: A State-of-The-Art Review
Authors: Ramadhansyah P J , Masri K A , Norhidayah A H , Hainin M R , Muhammad Naqiuddin M W , Haryati Y , Satar M K I M , Juraidah A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Increasing traffic volumes and the rising cost of bitumen making it necessary to improve the performance of asphalt binder through bitumen modification. Various types of modifiers have been employed as bitumen binders in order to improve the bitumen mixture, particularly with regard to its resistance to aging, cracks due to fatigue and thermal conditions, moisture-induced damage and permanent deformation. This review study summarizes the performance of nanoparticles as an asphalt modifier. Several relevant literatures were reviewed, which related to the matter associated with nanomaterials such as nano-silica, carbon nano-tubes and nano-titanium dioxide. Recent studies showed that the utilisation of nanoparticle gave great benefits in many ways.For instance, nano kaolin as a mineral clay promises non-hazardous effects to road users. This can result in a healthy environment and help towards increasing the application of green technology road construction.
The Effectiveness of Palm Oil Fuel Ash Cement Paste to Control Degradation in Ammonium Nitrate Solution
Authors: Sadia T , Rahman M E , Raudhah A , Doh S I 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the use of treated palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as a pozzolanic material in modified cement paste to control degradation in ammonium nitrate environment. The POFA used in this study had a mean diameter of 8.7µm. The treated POFA was used to replace cement in different percentage of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% with a constant water to cement ratio of 0.4. 50mm cement cubes was prepared for mechanical, durability and micro-structural test. Mechanical test consisted of the compression strength test and durability test consisted of the Volume of Permeable Voids Test (VPV). Meanwhile, micro-structural test consisted of the Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). After 28 days of full water curing, the 50mm cubes samples were immersed in 20% ammonium nitrate solution until 90 days. Based on the test results, it was observed that, cement cubes replaced with 20% POFA had good resistance against ammonium nitrate solution. However, in order to improve the current study, a number of recommendations had been suggested.
Factors affecting the success of highway construction projects: the case of Malaysia
Authors: Rahman R A , Radzi A R , Saad M S H , Doh S I 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Highways are often high-risk projects due to its importance to a nation’s economic, societal, and political development. Therefore, highway projects need to be successful. Numerous researchers have identified the key factors affecting their local highway projects to identify opportunities for improvements. However, the current body of literature lacks that type of information in regards to Malaysia’s construction industry. This study’s objective is to identify factors that are affecting Malaysia’s highway projects from industry practitioners’ perspective. To achieve this objective, interview data with highway project managers are analyzed. Eleven factors affecting the success of highway projects in Malaysia were identified. The factors are: workflow for the design process, competencies of project managers, availability of workforce, availability of materials, availability of equipment, weather, site location, involvement from upper management, support from clients, public acceptance, and efficiency of authorities. This study contributes to the current body of knowledge by providing researchers and practitioners with a set of alternative factors that are affecting highway project success. The lesson of this study would help the industry to promote project success of highway projects in Malaysia.
Short Term Aging Effect of Asphaltic Concrete Incorporating Charcoal Ash from Coconut Shell
Authors: Ramadhansyah P J , Masri K A , Awang H , Satar M K I M , Hainin M R , Norhidayah A H , Mohd Warid M N , Yaacob H , Juraidah A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Numerous studies have been conducted to improve the performance of asphalt mixture properties in comparison with conventional mixes. One of the alternatives is utilizing waste agriculture product as additive or replacement into bitumen mixture. Coconut shell is one of the agricultural wastes that can be utilized. This paper aims to study the effect of asphaltic concrete incorporating charcoal ash from a coconut shell under short term aging condition. Charcoal coconut shell ash (CCSA) was added into a bitumen with 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% by weight. The original CCSA was initially ground until getting the particles sizes less than 0.075mm. Laboratory simulation of aging was applied in this investigation. Marshall Stability, volumetric properties, resilient modulus, and dynamic creep test were performed to analyses asphalt mixture containing CCSA. It was observed that the addition of CCSA in asphaltic concrete gives the significant development in stability, modulus of resilient and creep stiffness. This study suggests that 4% and 6% of CBA as a supplementary binder could improve the mechanical properties of asphaltic concrete even under aging conditions.
Waste Cooking Oil as Bio Asphalt Binder: A Critical Review
Authors: Ramadhansyah P J , Masri K A , Wan Azahar W N A , Mashros N , Norhidayah A H , Mohd Warid M N , Satar M K I M , Yaacob H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The modification of binder with waste cooking oil (WCO) for paving materials indicates the implementation of recycling practice with environmental issues concern, thus improving the proper management of this waste product. This paper presents a critical review of the WCO utilisation as a modifier to enhance binder properties. The review was focuses on the evaluation of WCO in asphalt binder modification and asphaltic concrete mixture. Basically, oil-based modification by using WCO in paving material provides a promising waste material potential in improving the engineering value in terms of rheological and mechanical performance for modified binder and asphalt mixture. It is expected that the addition of this modifier in binder gives superior performance and is comparable with the conventional binder.
Ultimate bearing capacity of peat treated with cement columns in physical model
Authors: Youventharan D , Arif S M , Rokiah O 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Peat is classified as very soft and problematic soil due to its natural behaviour of high compressibility, low in shear strength and with high natural water content. Cement column method is commonly used to stabilise the soil by improving the engineering properties. This research aimed to study the unconfined compressive shear strength and the ultimate vertical bearing capacity of stabilized tropical peat of East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. A group of cement columns were tested in a series of physical model testing. To study the strength behaviour of peat with or without the cement stabilization, physical models were prepared with different variables such as; the number of cement column, proportion of binders (Ordinary Portland Cement-OPC) and the pozzolanic materials (Palm Oil Fuel Ash-POFA). In this research, a total of 9 physical models testing of peat soil including one without the stabilized cement column were conducted. A group of 4 and 6 cement columns with 25 mm diameter and 200mm in length each was installed. Samples were cured for 28 days as soon as the mixing of cement columns completed. After curing, a series of axial loads were applied uniformly on the pre-fabricated steel plate footing from the top of the cement column in order to study the ultimate bearing capacity of the stabilised soil. The change in strength of the soil was evaluated using Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) test. Based on the results, the highest ultimate bearing capacity was recorded in Model 6 with 6 cement columns with area improvement ratio of 18.83 %. The sample with 300kg/m3 of OPC has the highest UCS value of 106.88kPa. Hence, the cement columns mixed with binder and pozzolanic improved the strength and the ultimate bearing capacity of the peat soil.
Experimental Study on Flexural Behaviour of Reinforced Foamed Concrete Square Hollow Beam
Authors: Othman R , Muthusamy K , Ramadhansyah P J , Youventharan D , Sulaiman M A , Nadiatul Adilah A A G , Chong B W 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Nowadays construction industry continuously looking for new, better and efficient construction material and method due to environmental impact. This research reported the effect of reinforced foamed concrete square hollow beam in order to reduce the effect of the application of concrete materials. Foamed concrete with density of 1600kg/m³ is now widely used as a structural component like slab and wall due to it lighter than the normal concrete. Meantime, it helps in saving cost and reduce the use of formwork. The hollow section also can reduce the dead loads which contribute to seismic effect in high rise buildings. In addition, the Processed Spent Bleaching Earth (PSBE) is an industry waste which possess a good pozzolanic reaction is used as partial cement replacement in order to make it more environmentally friendly. The experimental program consists of casting and testing of foamed concrete beams of size 150 x 200 x 1500 mm with and without square hollow section. To study the flexural behaviour, all beams are tested after 28 days of curing subjected to four-points bending test in order to analyse the effect of the reinforcement of hollow section on the strength, deflection and mode of failure of foamed concrete beam. The performance of reinforced foamed concrete hollow square beam (RHB) under flexural shows better when compared with conventional solid beam (CSB) and hollow square beam without reinforcement (HB). The RHB exhibited greater strength with lesser deflection and cracking.
Effect of temperatures and loading rates on direct shear strength of asphaltic concrete using layer-parallel direct shear test
Authors: Lung C K , Mohd Hasan M R , Hamzah M O , Sani A , Poovaneshvaran S , Ramadhansyah P J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper evaluates the influence of temperatures and loading rates on the shear strength of dense asphalt (AC14) prepared based on the Malaysian Public Works Department specification. In this study, different specimen conditioning temperatures, 10°C, 20°C, 30°C, and loading rates of 20.88mm/min, 40.88mm/min, 50.88mm/min, and 60.8mm/min were used to assess the performance of specimens by using Layer-Parallel Direct Shear (LPDS) test. Based on the results, both parameters have significant effects on the shear strength of the asphalt specimens. The results indicate that the loading rate is directly proportional to the shear strength of asphalt specimens. It is because the stiffness of the asphalt mix increases as the loading rate increases. Hence, it enhanced the shear strength of asphalt specimens. On the other hand, the temperature is inversely proportional to the shear strength of asphalt mixes. As the temperature increases, the stiffness of the asphalt mixture reduces due to the lower resilient modulus; therefore, it reduces the shear strength of the specimen.
Finite Element Analysis on the Effect of Hollow Section on the Strength of Foamed Concrete Beam
Authors: Othman R , Muthusamy K , Ramadhansyah P J , Youventharan D , Sulaiman M A , Nadiatul Adilah A A G , Chong B W 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The environmental impact of cement production has prompted innovative measures to reduce the usage of cement in accordance with the principle of sustainable construction. At the same time, the palm oil industry generates about 2 million tons of spent bleaching earth (SBE) are generated annually with most of it ends up in the landfill, causing environmental degradation. This research focuses on the effect of hollow section on the strength of foamed concrete beam by using processed spent bleaching earth (PSBE) as partial cement replacement. Hollow section of two shapes were implemented at three different locations along the beam specimen. The foamed concrete beams with 30% cement replaced with PSBE were subjected to tensile test at 28 days to observe the effect of hollow section on the maximum load and tensile strength. The deflection of the specimen was compared with theoretical value and the mode of failure was studied. Hollow section of circular and square shape was studied while the locations were on neutral axis, above neutral axis, and below neutral axis. Verification of experiment was conducted using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software, ANSYS. Test result shows that beams with circular hollow section has higher strength than those with circular hollow sections. The best position of hollow was above the neutral axis as to not impact the weak tensile strength of foamed concrete. FEA analysis shows great accuracy in predicting the performance of the specimens.
Long term effect of strength and durability performance of concrete containing sulphate reduction bacteria under chloride condition
Authors: Irwan J M , Teddy T , Othman N , Khalid F S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The chloride ingress in concrete cause deterioration in concrete due reinforcement corrosion. Adding bacteria in concrete can improve material properties and increase durability with mechanism resist chloride ingress in concrete. Chloride ingress in concrete by bacteria is particularly suited for applications in chloride ion penetration in concrete. The research is objective to determine the effect of adding bacteria to the concrete properties. The bacteria used is locally isolated and enriched to suite concrete environment. The type of the bacteria used is identified as Sulphate Reduction Bacteria (SRB). The SRB is added into concrete mix with concentrations of 3%, 5% and 7%. The compressive and water penetration tests at 28th, 56th, 90th, 180th and the 360th day of curing period were conducted. Cubes of size 150mm × 150mm × 150mm were prepared for compressive strength and water penetration tests. The result of compressive strength shows significant strength of 66.3 MPa on the 360 of day. The water depth penetration also shows a significant impact with addition of SRB with 80% reduction of penetrated water into concrete compared to the control specimen. The overall results of bacteria showed promising results and further study on chloride condition capability is encouraging. It can be concluded that SRB with 5% addition was the optimum percentage to obtain the optimum strength and durability performances.
Performance of Modified Mortar Containing Epoxy
Authors: Abdul Latip Arisya , Ali Noorwirdawati , Abdul Hamid Noor Azlina , Salleh Norhafizah , Radziah Abdullah Siti , Shahidan Shahiron 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Performance of FRP are highly depending on the adhesive used. FRP known to have high specific strength and specific stiffness, high durability against corrosion, light in weight, easy and quick installation therefore reduced manufacture time, great versatility and reduced maintenance. Despite all the the advantages possessed by FRP, there are actually several drawbacks which mainly causes by the epoxy resin. The organic binder are harmful towards humans, expensive and not applicable on wet surface. This study modified and elevated the binder materials by combining different percentage of mortar and epoxy. Compressive strength, density and water absorption of the specimen were tested and the optimum percentage were determined. Epoxy without harderner that were tested in this study is ranging from 0-5 % and composite cement consisted of 50% of Ground Granulated Blast Slag (GGBS) and 50% of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). From the experimental results, 3% of epoxy gives promising results as partial replacement of mortar.
Effects of Curing Conditions on Properties of Lightweight Concrete Brick Containing Expanded Polystyrene and Palm Oil Fuel Ash
Authors: Yassin N I M , Adnan S H , Shahidan S , Ayop S S , Kamarulzaman N A , Osman M H , Jamelloddin Z , Majid M , Salleh N , Alisibramulisi A , Wahee Anuar M N A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study presents the effect of curing conditions towards properties of lightweight concrete brick made up of cement, sand and some replacement materials. The replacement materials used in this study is Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) as sand replacement and Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) as cement replacement. The percentage of replacement for POFA is 0%, 10% and 20% whilst 0%, 30% and 50% for EPS. The brick samples have been exposed to different types of curing conditions that is air curing and water curing until the day of test. Among the tests that have been conducted are hardened brick density, compressive strength and water absorption. Based on the findings, it has been proved that the replacement percentage of EPS and POFA has significant impacts towards the brick properties. In addition, it is found that hardened brick density and compressive strength of air curing samples are lower as compared to water curing samples meanwhile the water absorption for air curing samples are higher that water curing samples.
Monitoring Ex Situ Electrokinetic Remediation (EKR) using Nitric Acid as Chelating Agent
Authors: Ayuni S A , Azhar A T S , Azim A , Aziman M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Heavy metal has become a serious world crisis due to natural and man-made sources. Zinc contamination in soil is caused by world urbanization and modernization. The Electrokinetic Remediation (EKR) is a green technology aiming at removing zinc contaminated soils. This paper aims to compare the electrokinetic process between Pure System and Nitric acid as chelating agents. The ex situ remediation method using soil box successfully demonstrated that nitric acid which attracted artificial contaminated zinc had been precipitated at the vicinity of cathode terminal in a form of reddish layer. In conclusion, nitric acid is highly recommended as solution for enhancing electroosmosis process.
Development of a Model for OTTV and RTTV based on BIMVPL to Optimize the Envelope Thermal Performance
Authors: Abass F , Ismail L H , Wahab I A , Elgadi A A 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe thermal performance of a building has a profound effect on sustaining the conditions of indoor environments, and it is critical in obtaining any energy-efficient design. Choosing an appropriate construction material is one of the most effective methods to prevent excessive energy consumption in the building, to minimize heat flows, and sustain a comfortable temperature for occupants. The majority of the existing buildings in Malaysia are mostly constructed using bricks for their outer walls; many studies nominated these materials as the producer of heat. This study is focusing on evaluating the thermal performance of construction materials in a tropical climate, with the involvement of manual calculation methods for Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) of walls and roof. Therefore, this study proposes integrating Building Information Model (BIM) and visual programming language (VPL) for supporting the calculation of OTTV based on MS1525:2014. The expected result of the proposed system will support designers on calculating OTTV coefficient comparable with the manual calculation, which is considered promising in minimizing time-consuming and human error when optimizing envelope performance during building design. This study proposed a model to access and extract construction materials properties from BIM library using VPL to estimate OTTV value using a real-time calculation tool.
Combining pozzolanic material as ternary binder in Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) to develop a new sustainable concrete
Authors: Tambichik M A , Samad A A A , Mohamad N , Bosro M Z M , Iman M. A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The demand for a sustainable concrete has increasing due to the effect of conventional concrete that led to many environmental problems such as carbon dioxide emission and depletion of natural resources. Hence, this paper discusses about the usage of ternary binder in recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). Ternary binder was developed from combination of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) Class C and rice husk ash (RHA) Class F as partial cement replacement. This study consists of two (2) phases that are; phase 1 to determine the optimum percentage of ternary binder and phase 2 to determine the compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete with ternary binder system. Compressive test was conducted for 7 and 28 days to determine the compressive strength. The results show that existence of POFA and RHA as pozzolan for ternary binder help to improved strength of RAC. Combinations of 10% POFA + 15% RHA + 20% RA produce a compressive strength up to 32.8 MPa at 28 days. Increasing of RA content up to 20% will reduce the compressive strength. Overall it can be concluded that combination of POFA and RHA as ternary binder in RAC can produce a concrete with satisfactory strength for structural purposed.
Restoration of Aged Bitumen Properties Using Maltenes
Authors: Hussein Z H , Yaacob H , Idham M K , Hassan N A , Choy L J , Jaya R P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), a material frequently used in asphalt mixtures, is associated with several environmental and economic advantages. Many existing road construction technologies are capitalising on the availability of recycled materials. This study has looked on the usage of maltene as a rejuvenator in aged bitumen. Bitumen with Pen 60-70 was chosen as the control binder. Maltene was added into the aged bitumen at various concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) by weight of total binder. The characteristics of rejuvenated bitumen were examined with penetration, softening point, penetration index (PI), viscosity, and storage stability. As the maltene concentration increased, aged bitumen characteristics improved, while the level of stiffness reduced. Mixing temperature and time were significantly linked to the efficiency of blending between aged-virgin binders. Lower mixing temperatures undermined the diffusion of the virgin bitumen into the aged binder, thereby impairing blending efficiency. The results indicate that 15% of maltene can rejuvenate the properties of aged bitumen.