bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weighted single‐step genome‐wide association study and pathway analyses for feed efficiency traits in Nellore cattle
Authors: Brunes Ludmilla C. , Baldi Fernando , Lopes Fernando B. , Lôbo Raysildo B. , Espigolan Rafael , Costa Marcos F. O. , Stafuzza Nedenia B. , Magnabosco Cláudio U. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim was to conduct a weighted single‐step genome‐wide association study to detect genomic regions and putative candidate genes related to residual feed intake, dry matter intake, feed efficiency (FE), feed conversion ratio, residual body weight gain, residual intake and weight gain in Nellore cattle. Several protein‐coding genes were identified within the genomic regions that explain more than 0.5% of the additive genetic variance for these traits. These genes were associated with insulin, leptin, glucose, protein and lipid metabolisms; energy balance; heat and oxidative stress; bile secretion; satiety; feed behaviour; salivation; digestion; and nutrient absorption. Enrichment analysis revealed functional pathways (p‐value < .05) such as neuropeptide signalling (GO:0007218), negative regulation of canonical Wingless/Int‐1 (Wnt) signalling (GO:0090090), bitter taste receptor activity (GO:0033038), neuropeptide hormone activity (GO:0005184), bile secretion (bta04976), taste transduction (bta0742) and glucagon signalling pathway (bta04922). The identification of these genes, pathways and their respective functions should contribute to a better understanding of the genetic and physiological mechanisms regulating Nellore FE‐related traits.
Aesthetic‐And patient‐related outcomes following root coverage procedures: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Cairo Francesco , Barootchi Shayan , Tavelli Lorenzo , Barbato Luigi , Wang Hom‐Lay , Rasperini Giulio , Graziani Filippo , Tonetti Maurizio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAim of this systematic review (SR) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to evaluate effect of different flap designs and graft materials for root coverage, in terms of aesthetics, patient satisfaction and self‐reported morbidity (post‐operative pain/discomfort).Material and MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed. A mixed‐modelling approach to network meta‐analysis was utilized to formulate direct and indirect comparisons among treatments for Root Coverage Esthetic Score (RES), with its individual components, and for subjective patient‐reported satisfaction and post‐operative pain/discomfort (visual analogue scale (VAS) of 100).ResultsTwenty‐six RCTs with a total of 867 treated patients (1708 recessions) were included. Coronally Advanced Flap (CAF) + Connective Tissue Graft (CTG) (0.74 (95% CI [0.24, 1.26], p = .005)), Tunnel (TUN) + CTG (0.84 (95% CI [0.15, 1.53]), p = .01) and CAF + Graft substitutes (GS) (0.55 (95% CI [0.006, 1.094], p = .04)) were significantly associated with higher RES than CAF. No significant difference between CAF + CTG and TUN + CTG was detected (0.09 (95% CI [−0.54, 0.72], p = .77)). Addition of CTG resulted in less natural tissue texture (−0.21 (95% CI [−0.34, −0.08]), p = .003) and gingival colour (−0.06 (95% CI [−0.12, −0.03], p = .03)) than CAF. CTG techniques were associated with increased morbidity.ConclusionsConnective tissue graft procedures showed highest overall aesthetic performance for root coverage, although graft integration might impair soft tissue colour and appearance. Additionally, CTG‐based techniques were also correlated with a greater patient satisfaction and morbidity.
Changing epidemiology of chronic kidney disease as a result of type 2 diabetes mellitus from 1990 to 2017: Estimates from Global Burden of Disease 2017
Authors: Li Huixian , Lu Wanhong , Wang Ani , Jiang Hongli , Lyu Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus has been a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), with a heterogeneous distribution worldwide. Optimal healthcare planning requires an understanding of how the burden of CKD as a result of type 2 diabetes mellitus has changed over time and geographic location, as well as the potential roles of sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral factors in these changes.Materials and MethodsWe used the Global Burden of Disease data from 1990 to 2017 at the global, regional and national levels to investigate changes in the incidence, death and disability‐adjusted life years of CKD as a result of type 2 diabetes mellitus, incorporating both epidemiological research and risk factor monitoring.ResultsThe incident cases of CKD as a result of type 2 diabetes mellitus worldwide in 2017 had increased by 74% compared with 1990; total disability‐adjusted life years had increased by 113%, mainly attributable to population expansion and demographic transition. The Sociodemographic Index was significantly and negatively correlated with overall CKD as a result of type 2 diabetes mellitus burden. However, in 82 countries and territories, the burden was not alleviated in parallel with socioeconomic development.ConclusionsCKD as a result of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been the main contributor to the increasing burden of CKD over the past several decades. We suggest a more pragmatic approach focusing on early diagnosis, primary care and adequate follow up to reduce mortality and the long‐term burden in low‐to‐middle Sociodemographic Index regions. Interventions should address high systolic blood pressure, as well as overweight and obesity problems, especially in high‐income regions.
Impaired cardiac and neurological function with mild hypophosphatemia during insulin therapy for diabetic ketoacidosis and marked improvement with phosphate supplementation: A case report
Authors: Yoshida Tomohiko , Takemoto Minoru 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInsulin treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis occasionally results in hypophosphatemia, which is often mild and does not require treatment. However, we experienced a case in which intravenous insulin administration resulted in myocardial injury and altered consciousness despite mild hypophosphatemia. Phosphate replacement therapy resulted in a marked improvement in symptoms. As overlapping conditions that result in hypophosphatemia can cause severe complications after insulin therapy for diabetic ketoacidosis, even in patients with mild hypophosphatemia, physicians should pay more attention to changes in phosphate levels in patients undergoing treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis.
Dermatoscopic features of thin (≤2 mm Breslow thickness) vs. thick (>2 mm Breslow thickness) nodular melanoma and predictors of nodular melanoma versus nodular non‐melanoma tumours: a multicentric collaborative study by the International Dermoscopy Society
Authors: Sgouros D. , Lallas A. , Kittler H. , Zarras A. , Kyrgidis A. , Papageorgiou C. , Puig S. , Scope A. , Argenziano G. , Zalaudek I. , Pizzichetta M.A. , Marghoob A. , Liopyris K. , Malvehy J. , Oikonomou C. , Flórez A. , Braun R. , Cabo H. , Nazzaro G. , Lanssens S. , Menzies S. , Paoli J. , Kaminska – Winciorek G. , Longo C. , Katoulis A. , Apalla Z. , Ioannides D. , Thomas L. , Tromme I. , Ogata D. , Desinioti C. , Geller A. , Stratigos A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThin nodular melanoma (NM) often lacks conspicuous melanoma‐specific dermatoscopic criteria and escapes clinical detection until it progresses to a thicker and more advanced tumour.ObjectiveTo investigate the dermatoscopic morphology of thin (≤2 mm Breslow thickness) vs. thick (>2 mm) NM and to identify dermatoscopic predictors of its differential diagnosis from other nodular tumours.MethodsRetrospective, morphological case–control study, conducted on behalf of the International Dermoscopy Society. Dermatoscopic images of NM and other nodular tumours from 19 skin cancer centres worldwide were collected and analysed.ResultsOverall, 254 tumours were collected (69 NM of Breslow thickness ≤2 mm, 96 NM >2 mm and 89 non‐melanoma nodular lesions). Light brown coloration (50.7%) and irregular brown dots/globules (42.0%) were most frequently observed in ≤2 mm NMs. Multivariate analysis revealed that dotted vessels (3.4‐fold), white shiny streaks (2.9‐fold) and irregular blue structureless area (2.4‐fold) were predictors for thinner NM compared to non‐melanoma nodular tumours. Overall, irregular blue structureless area (3.4‐fold), dotted vessels (4.6‐fold) and serpentine vessels (1.9‐fold) were predictors of all NM compared to non‐melanoma nodular lesions.LimitationsAbsence of a centralized, consensus pathology review and cases selected form tertiary centres maybe not reflecting the broader community.ConclusionsOur study sheds light into the dermatoscopic morphology of thin NM in comparison to thicker NM and could provide useful clues for its differential diagnosis from other non‐melanoma nodular tumours.
Sexual and ecological selection on a sexual conflict gene
Authors: Plesnar‐Bielak Agata , Skwierzyńska Anna M. , Radwan Jacek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSexual selection and conflict can act on genes with important metabolic functions, potentially shaping standing genetic variance in such genes and thus evolutionary potential of populations. Here, using experimental evolution, we show how reproductive competition intensity and thermal environment affect selection on phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6Pgdh)—a metabolic gene involved in sexual selection and conflict in the bulb mite. The S allele of 6Pgdh increases male success in reproductive competition, but is detrimental to S‐bearing males’ partners. We found that the rate of the S allele spread increased with the proportion of males in the experimental populations, illustrating that harm to females is more easily compensated for males under more intense sexual competition. Furthermore, we found that under equal sex ratio, the S allele spreads faster at higher temperature. While the direction of selection on 6Pgdh was not reversed in any of the conditions we tested, which would be required for environmental heterogeneity to maintain polymorphism at this locus, our study highlights that ecological and sexual selection can jointly affect selection on important metabolic enzymes.
Sharks, rays, and chimaeras of the Revillagigedo National Park: An update of new and confirmed records
Authors: Becerril‐García Edgar E. , Hoyos‐Padilla Edgar M. , Henning Brad , Salinas‐De León Pelayo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe Revillagigedo Archipelago National Park is the largest no‐take Marine Protected Area in North America and it is essential for the conservation of globally endangered marine megafauna, including cetaceans, sea birds and cartilaginous fishes. The present paper reports the occurrence of 28 chondrichthyan species, including 19 sharks, seven batoids and two chimaeras in the Revillagigedo Archipelago, comprising eight new records and a brief revision of confirmed species to date.
First record of the mating behaviour of the spotted surubim Pseudoplatystoma corruscans in the Uruguay River
Authors: Pachla Lucas A. , Hartmann Paula B. , Massaro Marthoni V. , Bastian Rodrigo , Pelicice Fernando M. , Reynalte‐Tataje David A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe spotted surubim Pseudoplatystoma corruscans is a large migratory catfish native to the La Plata and San Francisco basins. Nonetheless, its reproductive dynamics and behaviour remain poorly understood. This brief note provides the first record of the mating behaviour of P. corruscans in natural conditions. This behaviour was observed in the main channel of the Middle Uruguay River (Brazil). A school of approximately 25 fish, 5 females (with protruding abdomen and larger body size) and 20 males, were followed and videotaped. The largest female led the school, followed by other fish. Some males disputed repeatedly the posterior region of the females, whereas other males continuously repelled them. Eventually, some males, apparently exhausted, floated belly up. During this event, males were in a state of pronounced agitation, and some had abrasions in the head. Polygamy characterized the mating behaviour of P. corruscans.
Variation of Japanese eel eDNA in sequentially changing conditions and in different sample volumes
Authors: Ahn Hyojin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) surveys have been conducted to evaluate the distribution and abundance of Japanese eels. However, various environmental and biological factors may influence eDNA concentrations. An experiment was conducted using three water sample replicates (50, 100 and 200 ml) of the same group of eels in a tank that were exposed to sequential nonfeeding/feeding and low/high temperature conditions. Slightly higher concentrations occurred at higher temperature (22–23°C) with nonfeeding, and the highest concentrations occurred when feeding started even though it was in the lower temperature (16–17°C) condition, but sample volume had no effect.
Evaluation of anaesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects after intramuscular administration of alfaxalone alone, alfaxalone‐ketamine and alfaxalone‐butorphanol‐medetomidine in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Miyabe‐Nishiwaki Takako , Miwa Miki , Konoike Naho , Kaneko Akihisa , Ishigami Akiyo , Natsume Takayoshi , MacIntosh Andrew J. J. , Nakamura Katsuki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnaesthesia is often required in common marmosets undergoing various procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate anaesthetic and cardiopulmonary effects of alfaxalone, alfaxalone‐ketamine and alfaxalone‐butorphanol‐medetomidine in common marmosets.MethodsThe following treatments were repeatedly administered to seven female common marmosets: Treatment A, alfaxalone (12 mg kg‐1) alone; treatment AK, alfaxalone (1 mg animal−1) plus ketamine (2.5 mg animal−1); treatment AMB, alfaxalone (4 mg kg−1), medetomidine (50 µg kg−1) plus butorphanol (0.3 mg kg−1); and treatment AMB‐Ati, AMB with atipamezole at 45 minutes.Results and ConclusionsMarmosets became laterally recumbent and unresponsive for approximately 30 minutes in A and AK and for approximately 60 minutes in AMB. The animals showed rapid recovery following atipamezole injection in AMB‐Ati. The decrease in heart rate and SpO2 was significantly greater in AMB compared to A and AK. Oxygen supplementation, anaesthetic monitors and atipamezole should be available especially when AMB is administered.
Pathogenic or protective? Neuropeptide Y in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Clark Courtney M. , Clark Rosemary M. , Hoyle Joshua A. , Dickson Tracey C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeuropeptide Y (NPY) is an endogenous peptide of the central and enteric nervous systems which has gained significant interest as a potential neuroprotective agent for treatment of neurodegenerative disease. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an aggressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor deficits and motor neuron loss. In ALS, recent evidence from ALS patients and animal models has indicated that NPY may have a role in the disease pathogenesis. Increased NPY levels were found to correlate with disease progression in ALS patients. Similarly, NPY expression is increased in the motor cortex of ALS mice by end stages of the disease. Although the functional consequence of increased NPY levels in ALS is currently unknown, NPY has been shown to exert a diverse range of neuroprotective roles in other neurodegenerative diseases; through modulation of potassium channel activity, increased production of neurotrophins, inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, reduction of excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and hyperexcitability. Several of these mechanisms and signalling pathways are heavily implicated in the pathogenesis of ALS. Therefore, in this review, we discuss possible effects of NPY and NPY‐receptor signalling in the ALS disease context, as determining NPY’s contribution to, or impact on, ALS disease mechanisms will be essential for future studies investigating the NPY system as a therapeutic strategy in this devastating disease.
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Role of the locus coeruleus arousal system in cognitive control
Authors: Grueschow Marcus , Kleim Birgit , Ruff Christian C. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCognitive control lies at the core of human adaptive behaviour. Humans vary substantially in their ability to execute cognitive control with respect to optimally facing environmental challenges, although the neural origins of this heterogeneity are currently not well understood. Recent theoretical frameworks implicate the locus coeruleus noradrenergic arousal system (LC‐NE) in that process. Invasive neurophysiological work in rodents has shown that the LC‐NE is an important homeostatic control centre of the body. LC‐NE innervates the entire neocortex and has particularly strong connections with the cingulate gyrus. In the present study, using a response conflict task, functional magnetic resonance imaging and concurrent pupil dilation measures (a proxy for LC‐NE firing), we provide empirical evidence for a decisive role of the LC‐NE in cognitive control in humans. We show that the level of individual behavioural adjustment in cognitive control relates to the level of functional coupling between LC‐NE and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, as well as dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Moreover, we show that the pupil is substantially more dilated during conflict trials requiring behavioural adjustment than during no conflict trials. In addition, we explore a potential relationship between pupil dilation and neural activity during choice conflict adjustments. Our data provide novel insight into arousal‐related influences on cognitive control and suggest pupil dilation as a potential external marker for endogenous neural processes involved in optimising behavioural control. Our results may also be clinically relevant for a variety of pathologies where cognitive control is compromised, such as anxiety, depression, addiction and post‐traumatic stress disorder.
Earlier onset of menstruation is related to increased body mass index in adulthood and altered functional correlations between visual, task control and somatosensory brain networks
Authors: Shearrer Grace E. , Sadler Jennifer R. , Papantoni Afroditi , Burger Kyle S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLater onset of puberty has been associated with lower body mass index (BMI) in adulthood independent of childhood BMI. However, how the relationship between time of onset of puberty and BMI in adulthood is associated with neurocognitive outcomes is largely unstudied. In the present study, women were sampled from the Human Connectome Project 1200 parcellation, timeseries and netmats1 release (PTN) release. Inclusion criteria were: four (15 minutes) resting state fMRI scans, current measured BMI, self‐reported age at onset of menstruation (a proxy of age at onset of puberty) and no endocrine complications (eg, polycystic ovarian syndrome). The effect of age at onset of menstruation, measured BMI at scan date and the interaction of age at onset of menstruation by BMI on brain functional correlation was modelled using fslnets (https://fsl.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/fslwiki/FSLNets) controlling for race and age at scan. Corrected significance was set at a family‐wise error probability (pFWE) < 0.05. A final sample of n = 510 (age 29.5 years ± 3.6, BMI at scan 25.9 ± 5.6 and age at onset of menstruation 12.7 ± 1.6 were included. Age at onset of menstruation was negatively associated with BMI at scan (r = − 0.19, P < 0.001). The interaction between age at onset of menstruation and BMI at scan was associated with stronger correlation between a somatosensory and visual network (t = 3.45, pFWE = 0.026) and a visual network and cingulo‐opercular task control network (t = 4.74, pFWE = 0.0002). Post‐hoc analyses of behavioural/cognitive measures showed no effect of the interaction between BMI and age at onset of menstruation on behavioural/cognitive measures. However, post‐hoc analyses of heritability showed adult BMI and the correlation between the visual and somatosensory networks have high heritability. In sum, we report increased correlation between visual, taste‐associated and self‐control brain regions in women at high BMI with later age at onset of menstruation.
Integrating the Social Determinants of Health into Nursing Practice: Nurses' Perspectives
Authors: Phillips Janice , Richard Angelique , Mayer Karen M. , Shilkaitis Mary , Fogg Louis F. , Vondracek Hugh 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess nurses’ knowledge, perceived self‐efficacy, and intended behaviors relative to integrating the social determinants of health (SDoH) into clinical practice.Design and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was completed with 768 nurses working in three hospitals within a large regional healthcare system located in the Midwest. Data were collected using an adapted 71‐item SDoH Survey, which measured nurses’ confidence in and frequency of discussing the SDoH with patients, general knowledge of the SDoH, familiarity with patients’ social and economic conditions, and awareness of their institution’s health equity strategic plan to achieve health equity. The institution’s health equity strategic plan reflects the organization’s commitment to improving the health of individuals and neighborhoods by addressing the SDoH known to influence health status and life expectancy. Finally, participants were asked to describe barriers to incorporating the SDoH into practice along with completing five demographic items. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the findings.FindingsOf the 768 respondents, 63% had a baccalaureate degree in nursing and 33.1% reported more than 20 years in nursing. Fifty percent of respondents reported feeling more knowledgeable or confident in their ability to discuss access to care issues with patients compared to the other SDoH. Identified barriers to discussing the SDoH included insufficient time to address identified needs and unfamiliarity with internal and external resources. Respondents stressed the need for interdisciplinary education and collaboration along with more information on the role of social workers.ConclusionsNurses are more confident in discussing certain determinants of health and could benefit from more skill development in discussing SDoH issues and stronger collaborative partnerships to address identified needs.Clinical RelevanceFindings from the study have implications for supporting the educational and resource needs of front‐line nurses employed in hospitals and health systems seeking to address broader societal issues influencing the health status and outcomes of patients and communities.
Morphological evolution of the carnivoran sacrum
Authors: Esteban Juan Miguel , Martín‐Serra Alberto , Varón‐González Ceferino , Pérez‐Ramos Alejandro , Velasco David , Pastor Francisco J. , Figueirido Borja 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe sacrum is a key piece of the vertebrate skeleton, since it connects the caudal region with the presacral region of the vertebral column and the hind limbs through the pelvis. Therefore, understanding its form and function is of great relevance in vertebrate ecomorphology. However, it is striking that morphometric studies that quantify its morphological evolution in relation to function are scarce. The main goal of this study is to investigate the morphological evolution of the sacrum in relation to its function in the mammalian order Carnivora, using three‐dimensional (3D) geometric morphometrics. Principal component analysis under a phylogenetic background indicated that changes in sacrum morphology are mainly focused on the joint areas where it articulates with other parts of the skeleton allowing resistance to stress at these joints caused by increasing muscle loadings. In addition, we demonstrated that sacrum morphology is related to both the length of the tail relativised to the length of the body, and the length of the body relativised to body mass. We conclude that the sacrum in carnivores has evolved in response to the locomotor requirements of the species analysed, but in locomotion, each family has followed alternative morphological solutions to address the same functional demands.