bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of risk prediction models for lung cancer based on tumor markers and radiological signs
Authors: Tu Yuqin , Wu Yan , Lu Yunfeng , Bi Xiaoyun , Chen Te 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAccurate prediction of malignancy risk for pulmonary lesions with pleural effusion improves early diagnosis of lung cancer. This study aimed to develop and validate a model to predict lung cancer.MethodsClinical data of 536 patients with pulmonary diseases were collected. The risk factors were identified by regression analysis. Three prediction models were developed. The predictive performances of the models were measured by the area under the curves (AUCs) and calibrated with 1000 bootstrap samples to minimize the over‐fitting bias. The net benefits of the models were evaluated by decision curve analysis. Finally, a separate cohort of 134 patients was used to validate the models externally.ResultsSeven independent risk factors were identified from 18 clinical variables, which included the pleural fluid carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), serum cytokeratin‐19 fragment (CYFRA 21‐1), the ratio of CEA in the pleural fluid to serum, extrathoracic cancer history (>5 years), tumor size, vessel convergence, and lobulation. The AUCs of the three models were 0.976, 0.927, and 0.944 in the training set and 0.930, 0.845, and 0.944 in the external set, respectively. The accuracies of the three models were 89.6%, 81.4%, and 88.8%. Model 1 showed the best iteration fit (R2 = 0.84, 0.68, and 0.73) and a higher net benefit on decision curve analysis when compared to the other two models.ConclusionThe advantageous model could assess the risk of lung cancer in patients with pleural effusion and act as a useful tool for early identification of lung cancer.
Content analysis of Journal of Genetic Counseling research articles: A multi‐year perspective
Authors: Wallgren Alexandra , Veach Patricia McCarthy , MacFarlane Ian M. , LeRoy Bonnie S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractContent analyses of published papers in journals inform readers, editors, and members of the profession about historical publication patterns and how the journal has represented the field. This study is a content analysis of original research papers published in the Journal of Genetic Counseling from January 2011 through December 2017. This is the first study of its kind for the flagship journal of the National Society of Genetic Counseling. Of 794 papers published in the 7‐year period, 428 were original research included in the analysis. Content analysis yielded categories reflecting the types of data analyses, genetic counseling practice specialties, characteristics of the study sample, and major topics/issues investigated in each study. There was an overall positive linear trend in the number of articles published during this period (p = .002). Approximately equal percentages of studies used qualitative (34%), quantitative (31%), and mixed (35%) analyses, and these proportions did not vary significantly across volumes (p = .73). Cancer (27%), prenatal (13.3%), and general genetics (12.6%) were the most prevalent specialties represented. The number of studies about prenatal and pediatrics was less, and the number of studies about neurogenetics was greater than would be expected based on the clinical workforce (p<.001). Patients were the most common sample (55.6%). While there was a significant increase in the number of articles with diverse samples (p = .001), the proportion of such articles did not increase over time (p = .86). The most common content areas were genetic counseling practice (16.8%); attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs about genetics services (16.1%); and decision‐making (14.5%). In contrast, relatively few studies focused on laboratory genetic counselor, male, gender non‐conforming, and adoptee populations. The trends and gaps highlighted in this content analysis can inform future research endeavors.
Combined proteomic and lipidomic studies in Pompe disease allow a better disease mechanism understanding
Authors: Sidorina Anna , Catesini Giulio , Levi Mortera Stefano , Marzano Valeria , Putignani Lorenza , Boenzi Sara , Taurisano Roberta , Garibaldi Matteo , Deodato Federica , Dionisi‐Vici Carlo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPompe disease (PD) is caused by deficiency of the enzyme acid α‐glucosidase resulting in glycogen accumulation in lysosomes. Clinical symptoms include skeletal myopathy, respiratory failure, and cardiac hypertrophy. We studied plasma proteomic and lipidomic profiles in 12 PD patients compared to age‐matched controls. The proteomic profiles were analyzed by nLC‐MS/MS SWATH method. Wide‐targeted lipidomic analysis was performed by LC‐IMS/MS, allowing to quantify >1100 lipid species, spanning 13 classes. Significant differences were found for 16 proteins, with four showing the most relevant changes (GPLD1, PON1, LDHB, PKM). Lipidomic analysis showed elevated levels of three phosphatidylcholines and of the free fatty acid 22:4, and reduced levels of six lysophosphatidylcholines. Up‐regulated glycolytic enzymes (LDHB and PKM) are involved in autophagy and glycogen metabolism, while down‐regulated PON1 and GPLD1 combined with lipidomic data indicate an abnormal phospholipid metabolism. Reduced GPLD1 and dysregulation of lipids with acyl‐chains characteristic of GPI‐anchor structure suggest the potential involvement of GPI‐anchor system in PD. Results of proteomic analysis displayed the involvement of multiple cellular functions affecting inflammatory, immune and antioxidant responses, autophagy, Ca2+‐homeostasis, and cell adhesion. The combined multi‐omic approach revealed new biosignatures in PD, providing novel insights in disease pathophysiologywithpotential future clinical application.
Identifying weather regimes for regional‐scale stochastic weather generators
Authors: Najibi Nasser , Mukhopadhyay Sudarshana , Steinschneider Scott 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWeather regime based stochastic weather generators (WR‐SWGs) have recently been proposed as a tool to better understand multi‐sector vulnerability to deeply uncertain climate change. WR‐SWGs can distinguish and simulate different types of climate change that have varying degrees of uncertainty in future projections, including thermodynamic changes (e.g., rising temperatures, Clausius‐Clapeyron scaling of extreme precipitation) and dynamic changes (e.g., shifting circulation and storm tracks). These models require the accurate identification of WRs that are representative of both historical and plausible future patterns of atmospheric circulation, while preserving the complex space–time variability of weather processes. This study proposes a novel framework to identify such WRs based on WR‐SWG performance over a broad geographic area and applies this framework to a case study in California. We test two components of WR‐SWG design, including the method used for WR identification (Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) vs.K‐means clustering) and the number of WRs. For different combinations of these components, we assess performance of a multi‐site WR‐SWG using 14 metrics across 13 major California river basins during the cold season. Results show that performance is best using a small number of WRs (4–5) identified using an HMM. We then juxtapose the number of WRs selected based on WR‐SWG performance against the number of regimes identified using metastability analysis of atmospheric fields. Results show strong agreement in the number of regimes between the two approaches, suggesting that the use of metastable regimes could inform WR‐SWG design. We conclude with a discussion of the potential to expand this framework for additional WR‐SWG design parameters and spatial scales.
Determination of 1,4‐dioxane in water samples using freeze‐assisted liquid–liquid extraction and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry with select reaction monitoring
Authors: Jackson Leah E. , Rohrssen Megan , Hlohowskyj Stephan R. , Lemke Lawrence D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, we developed an analytical method for the determination of 1,4‐dioxane in aqueous solutions using freeze‐assisted liquid–liquid extraction, also known as frozen microextraction, and gas chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with select reaction monitoring. The method is capable of quantifying 1,4‐dioxane across a broad range of concentrations (1‐10 000 μg/L) relevant to contaminated sites, with an instrument detection limit and method detection limit experimentally verified as 2.1 and 2.2 μg/L, respectively. In contrast to methods with similar detection limits that require 50 to 500 mL volume of sample, our method uses only 200 μL of sample. The method presented here facilitates field and laboratory applications where small sample volumes and high precision are required and could be extended to other strongly water‐soluble GC‐amenable analytes.
YO‐IFOS Guidelines for Pediatric ENT Surgery during COVID‐19: An Overview of Recommendations
Authors: Din Taseer , Abdalla Tagwa , Chiesa‐Estomba Carlos , Simon François , Teissier Natacha , Thomas Izaskun , Fagan Johannes , Peer Shazia 
Published: December 2020

Objective/HypothesisTo review the literature on pediatric ENT COVID‐19 guidelines worldwide, in particular, surgical practice during the pandemic, and to establish a comprehensive set of recommendations.Study DesignReview.MethodsA comprehensive literature review through an independent electronic search of the COVID‐19 pandemic in PubMed, Medline, Google, and Google Scholar was performed on April 26–30, 2020. Resources identified comprised of published papers, national and international pediatric ENT society guidelines.ResultsFourteen guidelines fit the inclusion criteria. Key statements were formulated and graded: 1) Strong recommendation (reported by 9 or more/14); 2) Fair recommendation (7–8/14); 3) Weak recommendation (5–6/14); and 4) Expert opinion (2–4/14). Any single source suggestion was included as a comment. Highly scored recommendations included definition of urgent/emergent cases that required surgery; surgery for acute airway obstruction; prompt diagnosis of suspected cancer; and surgical intervention for sepsis following initial first‐line medical management. Other well scored recommendations included senior faculty to perform the surgery; the use of open approaches rather than endoscopic ones; and avoidance of powered instruments that would aerosolize virus‐loaded tissue. A tracheostomy should be performed on a case by case basis where key technical modifications become necessary.ConclusionsThe COVID‐19 pandemic will have a profound short and long‐term impact on pediatric ENT practice. During this rapidly evolving climate, guidelines have been based on local practice and expert opinion. Until evidence‐based practice in the COVID era is established, a comprehensive set of recommendations for pediatric ENT surgical practice based on a review of currently available literature and guidelines, is therefore, appropriate. Laryngoscope, 131:1876–1883, 2021
Aerosol generation during cadaveric simulation of otologic surgery and live cochlear implantation
Authors: Sharma Dhruv , Campiti Vincent J. , Ye Michael J. , Saltagi Mohamad , Carroll Aaron E. , Ting Jonathan Y. , Illing Elisa A. , Park Jae Hong , Nelson Rick F. , Burgin Sarah J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission to healthcare workers through airborne aerosolization during otologic surgery has not been characterized. The objective of this study was to describe and quantify the aerosol generation during common otologic procedures in both cadaveric surgical simulation and live patient surgery.MethodsThe number concentrations of generated aerosols in the particle size range of 0.30 to 10.0 μm were quantified using an optical particle sizer during both a cadaveric simulation of routine otologic procedures as well as cochlear implant surgery on live patients in the operating room.ResultsIn the cadaveric simulation, temporalis fascia graft harvest using cold techniques (without electrocautery) (n = 4) did not generate aerosols above baseline concentrations. Tympanoplasty (n = 3) and mastoidectomy (n = 3) both produced statistically significant increases in concentrations of aerosols (P < 0.05), predominantly submicron particles (< 1.0 μm). High‐speed, powered drilling of the temporal bone during mastoidectomy with a Multi Flute cutting burr resulted in higher peak concentrations and greater number of spikes in aerosols than with a diamond burr. In the operating room, spikes in aerosols occurred during both cochlear implant surgeries.ConclusionIn the cadaveric simulation, temporalis fascia graft harvest without electrocautery did not generate aerosol levels above baseline, while significant aerosol levels were generated during mastoidectomy and to a much less degree during tympanoplasty. Aerosol spikes were appreciated during cochlear implantation surgery in live patients.Level of Evidence2.
Boron Compounds as Additives for the Cationic Polymerization Using Coumarin Derivatives in Epoxy Silicones
Authors: Abdallah Mira , Hijazi Akram , Cozzi Pier Giorgio , Gualandi Andrea , Dumur Frederic , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis work aims at using two borane derivatives, namely Borane A: B(C6F5)3 and Borate B: C32H12BF24Na as additives for the cationic polymerization of epoxy silicones under visible light, in the presence of coumarins as photosensitizers and 4‐isopropyl‐4′‐methyldiphenyl iodonium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (SC939). The effect of boron compounds on the absorption and the emission spectra of a coumarin is particularly outlined. These two boron compounds can improve both the polymerization rate and the final monomer conversion. Moreover, the effect of adding water on the reactivity of the system is studied. It should be noted that the studied boron additives are able to enhance in an interesting way the polymerization rate when light irradiation is switched off through a dark polymerization (DP) mechanism. This latter behavior is highly desired for practical applications. Finally, the very high photoreactivity of boron compounds is employed for the development of new cationic 3D printing resins upon exposure to a light emitting diode (LED) projector at 405 nm, as well as for direct laser write experiments, by means of a laser diode at 405 nm. The 3D polymerization occurs through a cationic process which can be quite useful in order to reduce the shrinkage usually observed in radical polymerization.
Cellulose Nanocrystals‐Based Polyacrylamide as Flocculating Agent of Mature Fine Tailings
Authors: Nogueira André L. , da Silva Marco A. , Soares João B. P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study compares the performance of neat polyacrylamide (PAM) and their nanocomposites produced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) on the flocculation of mature fine tailings (MFT). The surface of CNCs is chemically modified using three different bifunctional organosilanes containing vinyl functional groups (7‐octenyl trimethoxysilane, methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, vinyl trimethoxysilane). Acrylamide is polymerized in the absence and presence of pristine and silylated CNCs (5 and 10%w/w) to in situ produce PAM‐CNC nanocomposites. Concentrations of 1000 and 2000 ppm of the produced polymers are used to flocculate MFT. FTIR spectra showed that the CNCs are successfully modified, regardless of the silane used. The dynamics of floc size evolution is assessed by focused beam reflectance measurements (FBRMs), and the results demonstrated that smaller flocs are produced by increasing the CNCs content in the polymerization. Capillary suction times (CSTs) data showed that the use of CNC‐based PAM nanocomposites enhances flocs dewaterability in comparison to neat PAM. Moreover, the type of silane used in the chemical modification of CNCs influenced the flocculation performance of PAM‐CNC nanocomposites. The obtained results are promising and encourage the development of a more detailed investigation regarding the production and performance assessment of hybrid flocculating polymers composed by PAM and CNCs.
Cristallinity Evaluation of Oriented Nanocomposites Based on Polypropylene and Silica by Time Domain NMR
Authors: Alves Lorena G. , Ferreira Luana M. , Melo Amanda R. A. , Junior Jorge P. Chimanowsky , Tavares Maria I.B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHybrid films made of isotactic polypropylene (PP) and silica (SiO2) are produced in a single‐screw extruder, followed by uniaxial orientation induced by winding at different speeds. Aiming their application in packaging, the influence of uniaxial orientation on properties of films containing pure (A200) and modified (R972, modified with dimethylchlorosilane) silicas is studied. The microstructural changes of the PP are evaluated by x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and these data are correlated to nuclear magnetic resonance in the time domain (NMR‐TD). The orientation given to the films is monitored by intensity alterations of the XRD peaks, which are influenced by the nanoparticle concentration and the affinity between PP/silica. Through the DSC analysis, the nucleating effect of silica A200 at a concentration of 1 wt% is evidenced. Finally, the NMR‐TD corroborated the previous results, showing an increase in the stiffness of the more oriented nanocomposites due to the alignment of polymer chains.
Migration of Phthalates from Cellulose Packaging into Food Simulant: Assessment of Different Levels of Contaminants
Authors: Coltro Leda , Machado Layfa G. S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSince paper recycling operates with market‐collected paper scrap, this may lead to undesirable chemicals migrating from the wastepaper into the recycled material. Therefore, this study is based on the assessment of several additives inadvertently included in cellulose packaging that may migrate to foodstuff, considering that toxicological effects of some of these additives may persist in recycled cellulose fibers used to produce new food packaging. The purpose of this study is to determine migration of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), bis(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and 2,6‐diisopropylnaphthalene (DIPN) into fatty food simulant (n‐heptane) by means of gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC‐FID). For this purpose, commercial samples of cellulose food packages are contaminated with different concentrations of these additives, and migration into the food simulant is evaluated after the samples remain in contact with the food simulant for a prolonged time at maximum temperatures of 40 °C. The results of the assessment show that an amount ranging from 0.1–0.3% of phthalates and DIPN migrate from the fortified package into the fatty food simulant. The maximum levels of migration of these additives into the recycled cellulose packaging in order to comply with the specific migration limits for contact with foodstuff have been estimated.
Study of the Antibacterial Property of Tea Tree Oil and Its Incorporation Into Poly(Lactic Acid)‐montmorillonite Clay Bionanocomposites
Authors: Proença Larissa Braga , Pena Carlos Alberto Pinheiro , da Silva Geovana Vieira , Camargo Ilana Lopes Baratella da Cunha , Branciforti Marcia Cristina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe presence of microorganisms in skin wounds can lead to infections that hamper the healing process; therefore, growing interest is given to the development of antimicrobial dressing. This study evaluates the ability of tea tree essential oil (EO) to eliminate resistant microorganisms, and new antibacterial bionanocomposites are prepared in two steps, namely sonication followed by melt mixing. Montmorillonite clay (MMT) and poly(acid lactic) (PLA) are chosen for constituting a polymer‐clay bionanocomposite for application in wound dressing. MMT retains and promotes a controlled release of the drug into the wound. Synthetic PLA is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for wound dressing applications. Disk diffusion tests evaluate the antimicrobial properties of tea tree oil, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyzed the extent of clay intercalation/exfoliation. Tea tree essential oil is effective against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. According to the XRD results, the preparation method used can promote oil incorporation into the MMT galleries. TEM micrographs corroborated such results showing the coexistence of intercalated‐exfoliated structures in the bionanocomposites. As a conclusion, the produced bionanocomposites with tea tree essential oil are interesting antibacterial material to be used in wound dressing applications.
Modeling and Parameter Estimation of Step‐Growth Polymerization of Ethylene Glycol and 2,5‐Furandicarboxylic Acid (FDCA) Using the Method of Moments
Authors: Lima Rafael C. , Brandão Amanda L. T. , Oechsler Bruno F. , Gomes Frederico W. , Nele Márcio , Pinto José C. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe present work investigates the modeling of bulk step‐growth polymerization of ethylene glycol (EG) and 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) for production of poly(ethylene‐2,5‐furandicarboxylate) (PEF), using the method of moments. The kinetic model is validated with experiments performed at distinct reaction temperatures and nitrogen flowrates. The polymerization process followed the well‐known two step procedure, where the direct esterification of EG and FDCA under continuous nitrogen flow is performed first, and the transesterification of produced oligomers is performed in sequence under vacuum. Kinetic and mass transfer rate parameters are estimated to describe the available experimental data. The obtained results confirmed that this polymerization can be highly limited by mass transfer constraints.
Solution Copolymerizations of N‐Vinyl‐2‐Pyrrolidone with Acrylic Acid, Methacrylic Acid and Vinyl Acetate for Applications in Hair Cosmetics
Authors: Abreu Ariane Souza , Martins Marcel Guimarães , Paiva Thamiris Franckini , Ferraz Helen Conceição , Pinto José Carlos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHair care cosmetics are used for cleaning, damage prevention from external agents and making hair healthier. The use of film‐forming polymers in these formulations ensures the correction of hair cuticle imperfections and the reduction of water loss, making hair softer and thicker. For this reason, in the present work, N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone homopolymers and copolymers with acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and vinyl acetate are produced through aqueous solution polymerizations, investigating some properties of the final products and respective polymer films for use in capillary cosmetic applications. The obtained results show that the poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PVP) homopolymer and copolymer samples can be obtained with high molar masses, providing films that can interact appropriately with keratin. Besides that, it is shown that acrylic acid and methacrylic acid can be successfully incorporated into the PVP chains during the copolymerization reactions, resulting in the improvement of the mechanical properties of the film, but affecting negatively the polymer‐keratin interaction.