bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global motion detection and censoring in high‐density diffuse optical tomography
Authors: Sherafati Arefeh , Snyder Abraham Z. , Eggebrecht Adam T. , Bergonzi Karla M. , Burns‐Yocum Tracy M. , Lugar Heather M. , Ferradal Silvina L. , Robichaux‐Viehoever Amy , Smyser Christopher D. , Palanca Ben J. , Hershey Tamara , Culver Joseph P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMotion‐induced artifacts can significantly corrupt optical neuroimaging, as in most neuroimaging modalities. For high‐density diffuse optical tomography (HD‐DOT) with hundreds to thousands of source‐detector pair measurements, motion detection methods are underdeveloped relative to both functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and standard functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). This limitation restricts the application of HD‐DOT in many challenging imaging situations and subject populations (e.g., bedside monitoring and children). Here, we evaluated a new motion detection method for multi‐channel optical imaging systems that leverages spatial patterns across measurement channels. Specifically, we introduced a global variance of temporal derivatives (GVTD) metric as a motion detection index. We showed that GVTD strongly correlates with external measures of motion and has high sensitivity and specificity to instructed motion—with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.88, calculated based on five different types of instructed motion. Additionally, we showed that applying GVTD‐based motion censoring on both hearing words task and resting state HD‐DOT data with natural head motion results in an improved spatial similarity to fMRI mapping. We then compared the GVTD similarity scores with several commonly used motion correction methods described in the fNIRS literature, including correlation‐based signal improvement (CBSI), temporal derivative distribution repair (TDDR), wavelet filtering, and targeted principal component analysis (tPCA). We find that GVTD motion censoring on HD‐DOT data outperforms other methods and results in spatial maps more similar to those of matched fMRI data.
Principalism in public health decision making in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Ferrinho Paulo , Sidat Mohsin , Leiras Gisela , Passos Cupertino de Barros Fernando , Arruda Horácio 
Published: July 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic lead scientists and governmental authorities to issue clinical and public health recommendations based on progressively emerging evidence and expert opinions and many of these fast‐tracked to peer‐reviewed publications. Concerns were raised on scientific quality and generalizability of this emerging evidence.Main argumentHowever, this way acting is not entirely new and often public health decisions are based on flawed and ambiguous evidence.Thus, to better guide decisions in these circumstances, in this article we argue that there is a need to follow fundamental principles in order to guide best public health practices. We purpose the usefulness of the framework of principalism in public which has been proved useful in real life conditions as a guide in the absence of reliable evidence.ConclusionsIt is recommended the implementation of these principles in an integrated manner adopting an holistic system approach to health policies adapted to specificities of local contexts.
A review of studies on observed precipitation trends in Italy
Authors: Caporali Enrica , Lompi Marco , Pacetti Tommaso , Chiarello Valentina , Fatichi Simone 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResearch to detect changes in precipitation variables has become a topic of particular interest to understand modifications in water resources availability. The review is focused on the Italian territory, outlining the “state of the art” of changes in precipitation regime through a review of 54 published studies on observed rainfall trend analyses, in the period 1999–2018. The aim is to combine a large body of knowledge in a single review and to explain the main patterns of rainfall changes occurred in Italy over the last decades. The analysis focused on the Total Precipitation (TP) and the number of Wet Days (WDs) indices at the annual and seasonal scale. A weight factor is introduced to take into account the differences among studies in geographical area, time series length, and number of stations. The review is accompanied by the discussion of other rainfall related variables, that is, precipitation intensity, extreme rainfall events and meteorological droughts, which are useful to provide a broader picture of rainfall changes. Overall, there is an agreement about the tendency of a decrease in wet days on the entire Italy, with limited discrepancies in the various regions. A decrease in wet days is accompanied by a negative trend (although less evident) in total precipitation, especially in winter. Nevertheless, a univocal direction of trends (or lack of thereof) in annual total precipitation and mostly hydrological extreme events is difficult to achieve.
Effect of dry heating on egg white powder influencing water mobility and intermolecular interactions of its gels
Authors: Cheng Yuan , Wang Juntong , Chi Yuan , Ma Zihong , Geng Xuhao , Chi Yujie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDDry heat processing remains the most promising and simple approach for achieving better gelling properties of spray‐dried egg white powder (EWP). Water mobility and intermolecular interactions in gels derived from EWP were investigated after subjecting EWP to various dry heating times (0–21 days).RESULTSThe gel hardness and water‐holding capacity significantly increased with an increase in dry heating time (P < 0.05), and both parameters were positively correlated with gel transparency. In contrast to the coarser structure of untreated EWP gel, the gel of EWP corresponding to 15 days of dry heating time had a fine‐stranded and orderly network structure with smaller pores. An increase in the binding force between the gel and water was observed with an increase in dry heating time due to the formation of more ‘protein–water’ hydrogen bonds. Increasing the dry heating time resulted in an increase in the contribution of disulfide bonds, which in turn made a significant contribution to the rigidity of the EWP gels. By contrast, a decrease in the contribution of ionic bonds and hydrophobic interactions upon increasing the dry heating time promoted the formation of orderly networks.CONCLUSIONSOverall, gel corresponding to EWP dry heating for 15 days had better gel properties, the highest transparency and water‐holding capacity, as well as a fine‐stranded and orderly network structure. These results provide more information on improvement of the gel properties of EWP through dry heat treatment. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Slaughterhouse By-Product Valorization: Hydrolysis Degree Modification for Higher Antimicrobial Recovery by Electroseparation
Authors: Przybylski Rémi , Bazinet Laurent , Kouach Mostafa , Goossens Jean-François , Dhulster Pascal , Firdaous Loubna , Nedjar-Arroume Naïma 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the actual context of food safety and circular economy, the separation of the α137–141 antimicrobial peptide (TSKYR, 653 Da) coming from the hydrolysis of bovine hemoglobin, a non-valorized slaughterhouse by-product, and its reuse as a preservative agent for food products during storage would be of major interest. However, depending on the degree of hydrolysis (DH) of the bovine hemoglobin, the TSKYR peptide environment into the hydrolysate will be different and would impact its recovery yield by electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membranes (EDUF), a hybrid and eco-friendly technology. In this context, five DHs (3, 5, 10, 13 and 18%) were investigated to study the influence of the peptide populations on the α137–141 selective separation by EDUF. It appeared from these results that the most appropriate DH was of 5% since a lower population of peptides between 500 and 1000 Da was present and the subunits of hemoglobin were already digested. Hence, an enrichment factor of about 13 folds for the α137–141 was obtained in comparison with the initial hydrolysate. At our knowledge, it was the first time that the effect of the hydrolysis degree of a protein is demonstrated to impact preferentially the separation of a specific peptide by EDUF.

Graphic Abstract
An advanced prosthetic manufacturing framework for economic personalised ear prostheses
Authors: Cruz Rena L. J. , Ross Maureen T. , Skewes Jacob , Allenby Mark C. , Powell Sean K. , Woodruff Maria A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCraniofacial prostheses are commonly used to restore aesthetics for those suffering from malformed, damaged, or missing tissue. Traditional fabrication is costly, uncomfortable for the patient, and laborious; involving several hours of hand-crafting by a prosthetist, with the results highly dependent on their skill level. In this paper, we present an advanced manufacturing framework employing three-dimensional scanning, computer-aided design, and computer-aided manufacturing to efficiently fabricate patient-specific ear prostheses. Three-dimensional scans were taken of ears of six participants using a structured light scanner. These were processed using software to model the prostheses and 3-part negative moulds, which were fabricated on a low-cost desktop 3D printer, and cast with silicone to produce ear prostheses. The average cost was approximately $3 for consumables and $116 for 2 h of labour. An injection method with smoothed 3D printed ABS moulds was also developed at a cost of approximately $155 for consumables and labour. This contrasts with traditional hand-crafted prostheses which range from $2,000 to $7,000 and take around 14 to 15 h of labour. This advanced manufacturing framework provides potential for non-invasive, low cost, and high-accuracy alternative to current techniques, is easily translatable to other prostheses, and has potential for further cost reduction.
Clinical manifestations of cuticular drusen in Korean patients
Authors: Shin Dong Hoon , Kong Mingui , Han Gyule , Han Jong Chul , Ham Don-Il 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCuticular drusen show some similarities to and differences from soft drusen in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and might thus be a unique AMD subtype. Previous studies on cuticular drusen were performed mainly in white ethnic groups, but AMD shows ethnic differences. We investigated clinical manifestations of cuticular drusen in Korean patients to evaluate possible ethnic differences. Clinical records of Korean patients with cuticular drusen were retrospectively reviewed. Fundus distribution pattern, imaging features, and presence of large drusen, drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment (PED), and macular complications, including geographic atrophy (GA), choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and acquired vitelliform lesion (AVL), were assessed via multimodal imaging in 162 eyes with cuticular drusen (n = 81 patients; 67 females; mean age: 66.6 ± 9.1 years). Diffuse distribution was found in 61.7% and peripapillary involvement in 75.3% of eyes. Large drusen, drusenoid PED, GA, CNV, and AVL were observed in 59.3%, 26.5%, 18.5%, 3.7%, and 1.2% of eyes, respectively. The macular complication prevalence was similar between patients ≤ 60 and those > 60 years old. In Korean patients, cuticular drusen were less frequently associated with macular complications than in white patients, and the proportion of macular complications differed significantly, with AVL representing an uncommon complication.
Die spezifischen Auswirkungen und Merkmale von Trampolinpark-assoziierten Verletzungen
Authors: Florido Prados Benigno , Salmanton-Garcia Jon , Bullmann Viola , Skouras Emmanouil 
Published: July 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung In den letzten Jahrzehnten wurden Verletzungsmuster im Zusammenhang mit Trampolinspringen und Indoor-Trampolinparks (ITP) in mehreren Studien untersucht, jedoch zeigten diese unterschiedlichste Ergebnisse. Da in Deutschland bislang keine derartige Arbeit veröffentlicht wurde, war das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie, die spezifischen Trampolinpark-assoziierten Verletzungsmuster in unserer Bevölkerung zu analysieren.
Methode Retrospektiv wurden alle Patienten, die zwischen dem 01.10.2016 und dem 30.04.2018 eine ITP-bedingte Verletzung erlitten hatten, in die Studie eingeschlossen. Die Patientendaten beinhalteten neben demografischen Angaben wie Alter und Geschlecht auch Angaben zur verletzten Körperregion, Verletzungsdiagnose, Dauer der Aufnahme und Behandlung (operativ/konservativ).
Ergebnisse Im Betrachtungszeitraum von 19 Monaten erlitten 258 Patienten ITP-assoziierte Verletzungen. Bei 250 Patienten wurde eine ITP-bedingte Verletzung als Monoverletzung diagnostiziert. Das durchschnittliche Alter der Verletzten betrug 22 Jahre (IQR 15–28). 126 (50,4 %) der Verletzungen traten dabei bei Männern und 124 (49,6 %) bei Frauen auf. 168 (67,2 %) Verletzungen betrafen die untere Extremität (UE). Verstauchungen (n = 114; 45,6 %) und Frakturen ohne Luxation (n = 59; 23,6 %) waren die am häufigsten gestellten Diagnosen. Männer litten signifikant häufiger an Verletzungen der oberen Extremität (26,2 vs. 9,7 %; p = 0,010), während bei Frauen signifikant häufiger die UE betroffen war (79,8 vs. 54,8 %; p < 0,001). Insgesamt wurden 45 (18 %) Patienten stationär in unserem Krankenhaus aufgenommen, davon mussten 25 (10,0 %) Patienten operiert werden. 8 (3,1 %) Patienten erlitten Verletzungen an mehr als 1 Körperregion.
Schlussfolgerung ITP-bedingte Verletzungen traten in der zugrunde liegenden Studie bei Erwachsenen häufiger als bei Kindern auf. Die untere Extremität war in jedem Alter die am häufigsten betroffene Körperregion. Insgesamt gilt es festzustellen, dass Trampolinpark-assoziierte Verletzungen ein vielfältiges Bild zeigen und aufgrund dieses sehr heterotopen Verletzungsmusters die Behandlung moderne Unfallchirurgen vor große Herausforderungen stellen kann.
The Mystery behind “Yawning”: A Physiological Insight
Authors: Dhar Dipak Kumar , Arora Ritik 
Published: July 2020

AbstractYawning is a very ubiquitous yet very poorly understood phenomenon. Even though with advancements in science, the scientific community has been able to decode the mechanisms and mysteries behind most of the physiological functions of the body, but we still do not have clear answers to this common activity that all of us experience numerous times on a daily basis. It is the enigma surrounding yawning that makes it all more intriguing. A lot of hypotheses and theories have been proposed since the times of Hippocrates. With more modern neuroimaging methods and bioassays available now, more meticulous inquiry is being increasingly made to elucidate a rational and scientifically sound physiological basis of yawning. A comprehensive and exhaustive study of articles and research work available on the internet on the subject was made through various search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, etc. This article attempts to provide in a nutshell the available information and knowledge on the subject and discuss its plausibility and the future direction of research in this field.
Immunohistochemical Markers of Tumor Microenvironment as Prognostic Predictors in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Study from an Oncology Centre in South India
Authors: Nair Indu R. , Sadeesh Athulya , Phalak Pooja , Keechilat Pavithran 
Published: July 2020

Introduction Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) accounts for 60% of lymphomas in India. Although the survival of DLBCL patients has improved following the addition of rituximab, a subset of patients do not respond well to therapy. Among the several factors responsible for this varied response, tumor microenvironment is considered to be crucial. This study is a search for such prognostic markers in the tumor microenvironment.
Materials and Methods A total of 97 patients were selected, of whom 34 were treated with the CHOP regimen and 63 with RCHOP. Immunohistochemistry for CD68 was performed to study the stromal-1 signature and CD34 for stromal-2 signature.
Results There was a significant increase in the counts of CD68-positive cells among patients free of events. CD34 count was higher in patients with events in both CHOP and RCHOP groups.
Conclusion Additional assessment of stromal microenvironment along with the cell of origin might predict the clinical outcome better in DLBCL.
The fiscal–monetary policy mix in the euro area: challenges at the zero lower bound
Authors: Orphanides Athanasios 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARY
This paper explores the reasons for the suboptimal fiscal–monetary policy mix in the euro area in the aftermath of the global financial crisis and ways in which the status quo can be improved. A comparison of fiscal and monetary policy and of economic outcomes in the euro area, the United States and Japan suggests that both fiscal and monetary policies in the euro area have been overly tight. Fiscal policy has been hampered by the institutional framework which constrains individual states and lacks instruments to secure an appropriate aggregate stance. Monetary policy has been hampered by the distributional effects of balance sheet policies which needed to be adopted at the zero lower bound and by discretionary decisions taken before the crisis such as the reliance on credit rating agencies for determining collateral eligibility for monetary operations. The compromising of the ‘safe asset’ status of euro area sovereign debt during the crisis complicated fiscal and monetary policies. Changes in the discretionary decisions governing the implementation of monetary policy in the euro area can potentially reduce the distributional effects of policy and improve the fiscal–policy mix and longer-term prospects for the euro area.
In vitroactivity of the siderophore cephalosporin, cefiderocol, against molecularly characterized, carbapenem-non-susceptible Gram-negative bacteria from Europe
Authors: Longshaw Christopher , Manissero Davide , Tsuji Masakatsu , Echols Roger , Yamano Yoshinori 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesMany carbapenem-resistant (CR) Gram-negative (GN) pathogens exhibit MDR, meaning few therapeutic options are available for CR-GN infections. Cefiderocol, a siderophore cephalosporin, has demonstrated in vitro efficacy against CR-GN bacteria. In the SIDERO-CR-2014–2016 surveillance study, European clinical isolates comprising carbapenem-non-susceptible (CarbNS) Enterobacterales and MDR non-fermenters were tested against cefiderocol and comparators.MethodsCefiderocol MICs were determined using iron-depleted CAMHB, and comparators using CAMHB, per recommended CLSI methodology. Carbapenemase gene profiles were determined using PCR.ResultsIsolates (N = 870) from 23 European countries comprised CarbNS Enterobacterales (n = 457), MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 177) and MDR Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 236). The most common carbapenemases were KPC (52%), OXA-48-like (19%), VIM (14%) and NDM (8%) in Enterobacterales, VIM (41%) in P. aeruginosa and OXA-23-like (57%) and OXA-24/40-like (37%) in A. baumannii. Most carbapenemase-producing isolates (65%) co-carried ESBLs. Approximately half of P. aeruginosa isolates were negative for carbapenemases, compared with 10% of Enterobacterales and 3% of A. baumannii. A similar proportion of Enterobacterales were susceptible to cefiderocol (81.6%; 79.0% of VIM producers; 51.4% of NDM producers; based on EUCAST breakpoint values) compared with comparator antimicrobial agents, including colistin (76.4%; 93.5% of VIM producers; 78.4% of NDM producers) and ceftazidime/avibactam (76.6%; 1.6% of VIM producers; 2.7% of NDM producers). Of P. aeruginosa isolates, 98.3% were susceptible to cefiderocol (100% of VIM producers), similar to colistin (100%). Against A. baumannii, 94.9% had cefiderocol MIC ≤2 mg/L and 93.6% of isolates were susceptible to colistin.ConclusionsCefiderocol demonstrated potent activity against CarbNS and MDR GN bacteria, including non-fermenters and a wide variety of MBL- and serine-β-lactamase-producing strains.
Epstein Virus Barr-Positive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Associated with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Ricard Jocelyn A , Charles River , Tommee Carolina Gil , Yohe Sophia , Bell W Robert , Flanagan Margaret E 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and often fatal disease if not diagnosed and treated promptly. HLH can be due to genetic factors or infections, malignancies and collagen-associated vascular diseases. Malignancy-associated HLH is not only more common in the setting of T/NK-cell lymphomas, but may also rarely be seen in the setting of B-cell lymphoma. Here, we describe a unique case of a patient who initially was diagnosed with HLH secondary to Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection and subsequently developed EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma affecting the brain. This case highlights the spectrum of findings associated with EBV infections and the challenges in diagnosing underlying diseases associated with HLH.
Microsurgical Transcranial Approach of 112 Paraoptic Meningiomas: A Single-Center Case Series
Authors: Lefevre Etienne , Terrier Louis-Marie , Bekaert Olivier , Simonneau Adrien , Rogers Alister , Vignal-Clermont Catherine , Boissonnet Hervé , Robert Gilles , Lot Guillaume , Chauvet Dorian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Predictors of visual outcomes after optic nerve decompression are controversial.

OBJECTIVE
To identify the predictors of poor visual outcomes after surgery of meningiomas responsible of a compressive optic neuropathy.

METHODS
We focused on paraoptic meningiomas (POMs), which gathered tuberculum sellae meningiomas (TSMs) and anterior clinoid meningiomas (ACMs) responsible for visual impairment or threatening visual function, that underwent surgery at our institution between January 2009 and December 2015 and analyzed the clinical and radiological findings of our patients.

RESULTS
Among 112 patients who underwent surgery for a POM, a preoperative visual deficit was present in 108 patients (96.4%). Six months after surgery, 79 patients (70.5%) had a visual improvement, 15 patients (13.4%) had an unchanged vision, and 18 patients (16.1%) had deteriorated vision. A preoperative visual deficit of 6 mo or more was a strong predictor of poor visual outcome after surgery (P = .034). Poor visual outcome after surgery was not significantly related to the size of the tumor (P = .057), the age of the patient (P = .94), or the tumor extension into the optic canal (P = .47).

CONCLUSION
The duration of preoperative visual deficit was found to be a strong predictor of poor visual outcomes after surgery in POMs Other predictors of poor visual outcomes are still needed and are currently under evaluation in a prospective study at our institution.