bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐transcriptional regulation of C‐C motif chemokine ligand 2 expression by ribosomal protein L22 during LPS‐mediated inflammation
Authors: Das Anindhya Sundar , Basu Anandita , Kumar Ravi , Borah Pallab Kumar , Bakshi Subhojit , Sharma Manoj , Duary Raj Kumar , Ray Partho Sarothi , Mukhopadhyay Rupak 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMonocyte infiltration to the site of pathogenic invasion is critical for inflammatory response and host defence. However, this process demands precise regulation as uncontrolled migration of monocytes to the site delays resolution of inflammation and ultimately promotes chronic inflammation. C‐C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) plays a key role in monocyte migration, and hence, its expression should be tightly regulated. Here, we report a post‐transcriptional regulation of CCL2 involving the large ribosomal subunit protein L22 (RPL22) in LPS‐activated, differentiated THP‐1 cells. Early events following LPS treatment include transcriptional upregulation of RPL22 and its nuclear accumulation. The protein binds to the first 20 nt sequence of the 5′UTR of ccl2 mRNA. Simultaneous nuclear translocation of up‐frameshift‐1 protein and its interaction with RPL22 results in cytoplasmic degradation of the ccl2 mRNA at a later stage. Removal of RPL22 from cells results in increased expression of CCL2 in response to LPS causing disproportionate migration of monocytes. We propose that post‐transcriptional regulation of CCL2 by RPL22 fine‐tunes monocyte infiltration during a pathogenic insult and maintains homeostasis of the immune response critical to resolution of inflammation.DatabasesMicroarray data are available in NCBI GEO database (Accession No GSE126525).
Goats or wolves? Private sector managers in the public sector
Authors: Lapuente Victor , Suzuki Kohei , Van de Walle Steven 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPublic administration reforms have propagated the use of private sector management skills in the public sector, and an increased openness to managers with a private sector background. This has created a debate between those who think private sector experience improves public institutions by bringing core managerial values such as results orientation, efficiency, or openness to innovation, and those who argue that private sector experience can damage core public sector values, such as impartiality and equity. Despite the abundant anecdotal evidence, broad empirical evidence on the effects of private sector experience on public managers' values remains limited. Using data from a survey among central government top managers in 18 European countries, we show that public managers with private sector experience have, as expected, more core managerial values. Yet, unlike the conventional view, core public values do not suffer.
Effect of triphala mouthrinse on plaque and gingival inflammation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: AlJameel AlBandary Hassan , Almalki Sultan A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the efficacy of triphala mouthwash (TRP‐MW) in being equally effective to chlorhexidine mouthwash (CHX‐MW) in the treatment of plaque‐induced gingivitis.Materials and methodsElectronic searches in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE and CENTRAL were conducted in databases up to April 2020. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing clinical efficacy of TRP‐MW (test group) in comparison with CHX‐MW in treating plaque‐induced gingivitis were considered. The primary outcome was gingival index (GI), whereas the secondary outcome was plaque index (PI).ResultsSeven RCTs were included. All studies showed that TRP‐MW administration was significantly effective as compared to CHX‐MW in the treatment of plaque‐induced gingivitis. Considering the effects of TRP‐MW on clinical gingival inflammatory parameters, significant heterogeneity for both GI (χ2 = 72.77, P < .0001, I2 = 91.76%) and PI (χ2 = 153.67, P < .0001, I2 = 96.10%) was observed between both TRP‐MW and CHX‐MW groups. The overall mean difference for both GI (WMD = −0.29, 95% CI = −0.40 to −0.17, P < .001) and PI (WMD = −0.43, 95% CI = −0.54 to −0.31, P < .001) was statistically significant between TRP‐MW and CHX‐MW at follow‐up, respectively.ConclusionTriphala mouthwash seems to significantly improve the clinical gingival inflammatory parameters in plaque‐induced gingivitis with equal clinical efficacy as CHX‐MW. TRP is a cost‐effective alternative and is easily available with limited side effects on periodontal tissues.
Electrokinetic transport and distribution of antibacterial nanoparticles for endodontic disinfection
Authors: Ionescu A. , Harris D. , Selvaganapathy P. R. , Kishen A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo assess a novel, noninvasive intervention capable of mobilizing charged antibacterial nanoparticles to the apical portions of the root canal system, utilizing the principles of electrokinetics.MethodsExperiments were conducted in three stages. Stage‐1: A computer model was generated to predict and visualize the electric field and current density distribution generated by the proposed intervention. Stage‐2: Transport of chitosan nanoparticles (CSnp) was evaluated qualitatively using a transparent microfluidic model with fluorescent‐labelled CSnp. Stage‐3: An ex vivo model was utilized to study the antimicrobial efficacy of the proposed treatment against 3‐week‐old monospecies E. faecalis biofilms. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also utilized in this stage to confirm the deposition of CSnp.ResultsThe results of the computer simulations predicted an electric field and current density that reach their maxima at the apical constriction of the root canal. Correspondingly, the microfluidic experiments demonstrated rapid, controlled CSnp transport throughout the simulated root canal anatomy with subsequent distribution and deposition in the apical constriction as well as periapical regions. Infected root canals when subjected to the novel treatment method resulted in a mean bacterial reduction of 2.1 log CFU. SEM analysis revealed electrophoretic deposition of chitosan nanoparticles onto the root canal dentine walls in the apical region.ConclusionThe findings from this study demonstrate that the combination of cationic antibacterial nanoparticles with a low‐intensity electric field results in particle transportation (electrophoresis) and deposition within the root canal. This results in a synergistic antibiofilm efficacy and has the potential to enhance root canal disinfection.
Electron energy loss spectra from silica glass optical fibers
Authors: Cheng Shangcong , Song Chengyu , Ercius Peter 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTo investigate the possible structural differences between silica glass fibers and bulk silica glasses, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) has been used to study the short‐range and medium‐range structures of both forms of silica glasses. The short‐range structure of silica glass, such as the coordination and symmetry, was investigated by the energy loss near edge structure (ELNES) of Si L2,3‐edges. The ordering structure in the medium‐range was analyzed by the exponential optical absorption edge also known as the Urbach edge of the glasses. The optical absorption data were obtained from the low energy loss spectrum of EELS through Kramers‐Kronig analysis. The results show that silica fiber has the same short‐range structure as the bulk specimen, but is significantly more disordered than the bulk glasses.
Exosomal miRNAs as circulating biomarkers for prediction of development of haematogenous metastasis after surgery for stage II/III gastric cancer
Authors: Liu Xin , Chu Kent‐Man 
Published: May 2020

AbstractExosomes secreted by living cancer cells can regulate metastasis. Exosomal miRNAs can reflect pathological conditions of the original cancer cells. Therefore, we aim to identify exosomal miRNAs as circulating biomarkers for haematogenous metastasis of gastric cancer. Pre‐treatment serum samples of eighty‐nine patients with stage II/III gastric cancer were collected. Thirty‐four of them developed haematogenous metastasis after surgery and the other fifty‐five did not. Extraction of exosomes was validated by western blot, transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. MiRNA qPCR array was performed in three matched pairs of samples. Internal control was selected from PCR array and validated in the remaining samples. Expressions of exosomal miRNAs were evaluated in the remaining samples by RT‐qPCR, as well as in gastric cancer tissue samples and cell culture medium. Expression levels of exosomal miRNAs were analysed with clinical characteristics. The results indicated thirteen up‐regulated and six down‐regulated miRNAs were found after normalization. MiR‐379‐5p and miR‐410‐3p were significantly up‐regulated in metastatic patients (P < .01). Higher expression of exosomal miR‐379‐5p or miR‐410‐3p showed shorter progression‐free survival of the patients (P < .05). It was also found that miR‐379‐5p and miR‐410‐3p were down‐regulated in gastric cancer tissue samples, while they were significantly up‐regulated in gastric cancer cell culture medium compared with cancer cells. In conclusion, exosomal miRNAs are promising circulating biomarkers for prediction of development of haematogenous metastasis after surgery for stage II/III gastric cancer.
Down‐regulation of circDMNT3B is conducive to intestinal mucosal permeability dysfunction of rats with sepsis via sponging miR‐20b‐5p
Authors: Liu Jiao , Liu Yongan , Zhang Lidi , Chen Yizhu , Du Hangxiang , Wen Zhenliang , Wang Tao , Chen Dechang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSepsis is a life‐threatening syndrome with a high risk of mortality, which is caused by the dysregulated host response to infection. We examined significant roles of circDMNT3B and miR‐20b‐5p in the intestinal mucosal permeability dysfunction of rats with sepsis. SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 10/group): sham group, sepsis group, si‐negative control group, circDNMT3B‐si1 group, circDNMT3B‐si2 group and circDNMT3B‐si1 + anti‐miR‐20b‐5p group. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐10 levels were measured through ELISA assay kits. Cell survival rate and cell apoptosis were evaluated by Cell‐Counting Kit‐8 Assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Luciferase reporter assays were used to investigate interactions between miR‐20b‐5p circDMNT3B in HEK‐293T cells. Silencing circDNMT3B can significantly increase the level of d‐lactic acid, FD‐40, MDA, diamine oxidase, IL‐10 and IL‐6, compared with sepsis group, while the SOD activity was lower. Silencing circDNMT3B leads to oxidative damage and influence inflammatory factors level in intestinal tissue. CircDNMT3B was identified as a target gene of miR‐20b‐5p. Silencing circDNMT3B decreased cell survival and induced apoptosis in Caco2 cells treated with LPS, which was reversed by anti‐miR‐20b‐5p. MiR‐20b‐5p inhibitor remarkably down‐regulated mentioned‐above levels, in addition to up‐regulate SOD activity, which may relieve the damage of intestinal mucosal permeability caused by silencing circDNMT3B in sepsis rats. Down‐regulation of circDMNT3B was conducive to the dysfunction of intestinal mucosal permeability via sponging miR‐20b‐5p in sepsis rats, which may provide the novel strategy for sepsis treatment in the future.
Predictive score for hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatitis B e antigen loss in patients treated with entecavir or tenofovir
Authors: Lim Tae Seop , Lee Hyun Woong , Lee Jung Il , Kim In Hee , Lee Chang Hun , Jang Byoung Kuk , Chung Woo Jin , Yim Hyung Joon , Suh Sang Jun , Seo Yeon Seok , Lee Han Ah , Yu Jung Hwan , Lee Jin‐Woo , Kim Sang Gyune , Kim Young Seok , Park Soo Young , Tak Won Young , Kim Soon Sun , Cheong Jae Youn , Jeong Soung Won , Jang Jae Young , Rou Woo Sun , Lee Byung Seok , Kim Seung Up ,   The Korean Transient Elastography Study Group
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatitis B e antigen seroclearance (ESC) remains unclear. We established and validated a new risk prediction model for HCC development after ESC in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) receiving antiviral therapy (AVT). Between 2006 and 2016, 769 patients (training cohort) and 1,061 patients (validation cohort) with CHB who experienced ESC during AVT using entecavir (ETV) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) were recruited. In the multivariate analysis, male sex (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.092; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.152‐3.800), cirrhosis (HR = 5.141; 95% CI = 2.367‐11.167) and fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4) of >3.25 (HR = 2.070; 95% CI = 1.184‐3.620) were the independent risk factors for HCC development (all P < .05). Accordingly, a novel HCC‐ESCAVT model was developed (1x[sex: male = 1, female = 0] + 3x(cirrhosis = 1, noncirrhosis = 0) + 1x(FIB‐4: >3.25 = 1, ≤3.25 = 0). The cumulative risk for HCC development was significantly different among the risk groups based on the HCC‐ESCAVT category (0‐1, 2‐4 and 5 for the low‐, intermediate‐ and high‐risk groups, respectively) (overall P < .001, log‐rank test). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for predicting HCC development 3, 5 and 10 years after ESC was 0.791, 0.771 and 0.790, respectively (all P < .05). The predictive value of the HCC‐ESCAVT model was similar in the validation cohort (AUC = 0.802, 0.774 and 0.776 at 3, 5 and 10 years, respectively; all P < .05). Hence, we have developed and validated a new HCC‐ESCAVT model for HCC development, which includes male sex, cirrhosis and FIB‐4 of >3.25 as constituent variables.
A Bayesian Multivariate Factor Analysis Model for Evaluating an Intervention by Using Observational Time Series Data on Multiple Outcomes
Authors: Samartsidis Pantelis , Seaman Shaun R. , Montagna Silvia , Charlett André , Hickman Matthew , Angelis Daniela De 
Published: May 2020

SummaryA problem that is frequently encountered in many areas of scientific research is that of estimating the effect of a non-randomized binary intervention on an outcome of interest by using time series data on units that received the intervention (‘treated’) and units that did not (‘controls’). One popular estimation method in this setting is based on the factor analysis (FA) model. The FA model is fitted to the preintervention outcome data on treated units and all the outcome data on control units, and the counterfactual treatment-free post-intervention outcomes of the former are predicted from the fitted model. Intervention effects are estimated as the observed outcomes minus these predicted counterfactual outcomes. We propose a model that extends the FA model for estimating intervention effects by jointly modelling the multiple outcomes to exploit shared variability, and assuming an auto-regressive structure on factors to account for temporal correlations in the outcome. Using simulation studies, we show that the method proposed can improve the precision of the intervention effect estimates and achieve better control of the type I error rate (compared with the FA model), especially when either the number of preintervention measurements or the number of control units is small. We apply our method to estimate the effect of stricter alcohol licensing policies on alcohol-related harms.
Although‐constructions in varieties of English
Authors: Schützler Ole 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFocusing on subordinate clauses of concession introduced byalthough, this paper investigates the systematic variation of clause position by inspecting three language‐internal factors (or constraints) and their stability across different varieties of the language. The three constraints are based on production (with speech making final placement more likely, due to reduced planning load), processing (with a general preference of final position), and semantics (with certain intra‐constructional relations favouring initial placement due to the iconicity principle). The strength and robustness of the constraints outlined above are tested based on spoken and written corpus data from British, Canadian, New Zealand, Nigerian, Indian, and Philippine English.
Limited evidence of benefits of patient operated intelligent primary care triage tools: findings of a literature review
Authors: Gottliebsen Kristian , Petersson Göran 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionThere is consistent evidence that the workload in general practices is substantially increasing. The digitalisation of healthcare including the use of artificial intelligence has been suggested as a solution to this problem. We wanted to explore the features of intelligent online triage tools in primary care by conducting a literature review.MethodA systematic literature search strategy was formulated and conducted in the PubMed database and the Cochrane Library. Articles were selected according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results and data were systematically extracted and thematically analysed. 17 articles of that reported large multimethod studies or smaller diagnostic accuracy tests on clinical vignettes were included. Reviews and expert opinions were also considered.ResultsThere was limited evidence on the actual effects and performance of triage tools in primary care. Several aspects can guide further development: concepts of system design, system implementation and diagnostic performance. The most important findings were: a need to formulate evaluation guidelines and regulations; their assumed potential has not yet been met; a risk of increased or redistribution of workloads and the available symptom checker systems seem overly risk averse and should be tested in real-life settings.ConclusionThis review identified several features associated with the design and implementation of intelligent online triage tools in a primary care context, although most of the investigated systems seemed underdeveloped and offered limited benefits. Current online triage systems should not be used by individuals who have reasonable access to traditional healthcare. Systems used should be strictly evaluated and regulated like other medical products.
Heat shock and HSP70 regulate 5-FU-mediated caspase-1 activation in myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor growth in mice
Authors: Pilot Thomas , Fratti Aurélie , Thinselin Chloé , Perrichet Anaïs , Demontoux Lucie , Limagne Emeric , Derangère Valentin , Ilie Alis , Ndiaye Mané , Jacquin Elise , Garrido Carmen , Ghiringhelli François , Chalmin Fanny , Rébé Cédric 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundWe have previously shown that 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) selectively kills myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and activates NLRP3 (NOD-leucine rich repeat and pyrin containing protein 3) inflammasome. NLRP3 activation leads to caspase-1 activation and production of IL-1β, which in turn favors secondary tumor growth. We decided to explore the effects of either a heat shock (HS) or the deficiency in heat shock protein (HSP) 70, previously shown to respectively inhibit or increase NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages.MethodsCaspase-1 activation was detected in vitro in MSC-2 cells by western blot and in vivo or ex vivo in tumor and/or splenic MDSCs by flow cytometry. The effects of HS, HSP70 deficiency and anakinra (an IL-1 inhibitor) on tumor growth and mice survival were studied in C57BL/6 WT orHsp70−/−tumor-bearing mice. Finally, Th17 polarization was evaluated by qPCR (Il17a, Rorc) and angiogenic markers by qPCR (Pecam1, Eng) and immunohistochemistry (ERG).ResultsHS inhibits 5-FU-mediated caspase-1 activation in vitro and in vivo without affecting its cytotoxicity on MDSCs. Moreover, it enhances the antitumor effect of 5-FU treatment and favors mice survival. Interestingly, it is associated to a decreased Th17 and angiogenesis markers in tumors. IL-1β injection is able to bypass HS+5-FU antitumor effects. In contrast, inHsp70−/−MDSCs, 5-FU-mediated caspase-1 activation is increased in vivo and in vitro without effect on 5-FU cytotoxicity. InHsp70−/−mice, the antitumor effect of 5-FU was impeded, with an increased Th17 and angiogenesis markers in tumors. Finally, the effects of 5-FU on tumor growth can be restored by inhibiting IL-1β, using anakinra.ConclusionThis study provides evidence on the role of HSP70 in tuning 5-FU antitumor effect and suggests that HS can be used to improve 5-FU anticancer effect.
O4C.5 Precarious work and precarious lives: an analysis of the association between employment relationships and access to social and health benefits
Authors: Koehoorn Mieke , Macpherson Robert , McLeod Christopher B 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundPrecarious employment relationships impact many facets of society, among them health and health inequities for workers and their families. The objective of the current analyses was to investigate the association between precarious employment and access to social and health employment benefits in the Canadian context.MethodsThe General Social Survey (GSS) is an annual and national cross-sectional survey administered by Statistics Canada. The GSS2016 focused on social trends in education, work and home conditions to inform policy issues. The association between employment status (regular versus seasonal, term, casual) and access to employment benefits (pension, sick leave, vacation, disability, workers’ compensation, parental leave, supplemental medical, and other) was investigated using multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for socio-demographic (age, sex, education, visible minority, immigrant), occupation and industry, and physical and mental disability characteristics.ResultsAmong those employed at the time of the survey (60.4% of 19 609 respondents), the majority had regular (80.8%) versus precarious seasonal (7.0%), casual (6.9%), or term (5.3%) employment. Twenty-eight percent of precarious workers reported no employment benefits compared to 6% of regular workers (ORadj=4.99, 95% CI 3.53, 7.05). By type of benefit, the greatest disparity between precarious employment and no benefits was reported for disability insurance (ORadj=2.45 95% CI 1.81, 3.32) and supplemental medical benefits (ORadj=2.54 95% CI 1.90, 3.38), while the least disparity was reported for workers’ compensation benefits (ORadj=1.46 95% CI 1.11, 1.92).DiscussionPrecarious work may equate to precarious living for a significant number of workers without pension, disability, sick leave, family or medical employment benefits. The impact of the observed disparity in employment benefits for workers with regular versus precarious attachment to the labour market warrants longer-term investigation, but the findings suggest that precarious work could be a significant social determinant of health.