bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability and stability of anthropogenic CO2 in Antarctic Bottom Water observed in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, 1978–2018
Authors: Mahieu Léo , Lo Monaco Claire , Metzl Nicolas , Fin Jonathan , Mignon Claude 
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is known as a long-term sink for anthropogenic
CO2 (Cant), but the sink is hardly quantified because of the
scarcity of observations, specifically at an interannual scale. We
present in this paper an original dataset combining 40 years of
carbonate system observations in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean
(Enderby Basin) to evaluate and interpret the interannual variability of
Cant in the AABW. This investigation is based on regular observations
collected at the same location (63∘ E–56.5∘ S) in the
framework of the French observatory OISO from 1998 to 2018 extended by
GEOSECS and INDIGO observations (1978, 1985 and 1987). At this location the main sources of AABW sampled is the low-salinity Cape
Darnley Bottom Water (CDBW) and the Weddell Sea Deep Water (WSDW). Our
calculations reveal that Cant concentrations increased significantly in
the AABW, from an average concentration of 7 µmol kg−1
calculated for the period 1978–1987 to an average concentration of 13 µmol kg−1 for the period 2010–2018. This is comparable to
previous estimates in other Southern Ocean (SO) basins, with the exception
of bottom water close to formation sites where Cant
concentrations are about twice as large. Our analysis shows that total
carbon (CT) and Cant increasing rates in the AABW are about the
same over the period 1978–2018, and we conclude that the long-term change in
CT is mainly due to the uptake of Cant in the different formation
regions. This is, however, modulated by significant interannual to
multi-annual variability associated with variations in hydrographic
(potential temperature, Θ; salinity, S) and biogeochemical (CT; total
alkalinity, AT; dissolved oxygen, O2) properties. A surprising
result is the apparent stability of Cant concentrations in recent years
despite the increase in CT and the gradual acceleration of atmospheric
CO2. The interannual variability at play in AABW needs to be carefully
considered in the extrapolated estimation of Cant sequestration based
on sparse observations over several years.
The Bible, Theology, and the Virgin Birth: Continuing a Conversation?
Authors: Lincoln Andrew T. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The topic of the virgin birth can provide a test case for the relation between critical biblical scholarship and creedal tradition within theological interpretation of Scripture. Divergent approaches to such interpretation are evident in Andrew Lincoln’s monograph, Born of a Virgin? and Oliver Crisp’s critique of that book in his Analyzing Doctrine. In this article Lincoln continues the discussion in a response to Crisp that explores some of their disagreements. It argues that Crisp misrepresents Lincoln’s type of theological interpretation as dominated by a fear of anachronism, while Crisp himself unwittingly defends a version of the virgin birth that is not the traditional doctrine. Crisp’s attempted theological refutations of Lincoln’s proposals for a fully incarnational Christology without a literal virginal conception and for an interpretation of the later dogma in terms of its force of signaling Christ’s full humanity are shown to be deficient. The exchange serves as a reminder that the result of bringing together biblical scholarship and theological skills will inevitably depend on the types of biblical and theological study involved and suggests that, in relation to the virgin birth, Crisp’s version of analytic theology fails to do justice to the historical and cultural dimensions of biblical texts and creedal affirmations.
An Investigation of the Relationship between Perceived Organizational Support and Organizational Outcomes among Nurses in Selected Mission Hospitals in Ghana
Authors: Donkor Ghulam Ahmed Bin , Baidoo Mohammed Kweku , Malcalm Ebenezer , Adda Godfrey 
Published: December 2020

The study investigated the relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational outcomes among nurses of selected mission hospitals in Ghana. Compared with Public Sector hospitals, Mission hospitals in
Ghana operate with very limited resources. Thus, they have very little to incentivize their staff. Nonetheless, there is the general assumption that employers who demonstrate generous disposition towards their employees will reap reciprocal benefits. Such employees work beyond the job demands even in periods of serious financial difficulties. Phenomenology research design under the qualitative research method was used to find answers to the research questions. A sample size of 40 was drawn through purposive sampling technique from five selected Mission Hospitals in Bono and Bono East Regions of Ghana. Data collection tools used in the study were interview and observation. The data analysis went through compiling, disassembling, reassembling, interpreting and concluding, phases. The text was sorted based on predefined themes. Illustrative words from the original field notes were selected and placed in a table. Initial (level 1) codes mimicked the original information in the case of semantic coding process and, in the case of latent coding, meanings imbedded in the text were generated; this was presented in a form of discourse analysis. When the perceptible index of employees is made up of benevolence, care and celebration; when employees perceive employers who are concerned about their goals and values, and are willing to help them when they need special favour, they become a part of the organization and are ready to work beyond the job demands. Hence, organizations are advised to resource their human resource departments adequately to be able to respond to the needs and aspirations of their employees.
Compost of Biodegradable Municipal Solid Waste as a Fuel in Lignite Co-combustion
Authors: Vasileiadou Agapi , Zoras Stamatis , Dimoudi Argyro , Iordanidis Andreas , Evagelopoulos Vasilios 
Published: December 2020

In Greece, 5.8 million tons of municipal solid wastes (MSW) are produced annually, of which 2.47 million tons are bio-wastes. Composting is an alternative treatment of bio-wastes instead of landfill. Τwo composting plants operate in Greece, one in Ano Liossia (capacity 1,200 tons/day, producing 120 tpd compost) and another in Chania (capacity 70,000 tons/year, producing 20,000 tpa compost). In addition, since 2018, the first integrated waste management plant was set off in the region of Kozani (capacity 120,000 tons/year). An alternative utilization of the compost, produced in the latter plant, was investigated in this study. In particular, instead of using compost as fertilizer, the energy recovery from this bio-waste was attested. Utilization of compost of MSW for energy production purposes has rarely been studied in the literature. Several blends of compost with lignite were prepared and their energetic potential was determined. Proximate analyses and gross calorific value (GCV) determination were conducted. Wastes and biomass-based fuels differ in many ways from fossil fuels. The CLOF sample revealed the highest GCV and the lowest ash content than all analyzed samples. Based on all analytical determinations, compost and its mixtures with lignite could be regarded suitable for energy recovery by thermal processes, such us combustion. Further studies should be done including emission analysis, ash deposition during combustion (corrosion, slagging and fouling).
Dotazník zmatení rolí pro adolescenty: Předběžné sdělení o vývoji sebeposuzovací metody
Authors: Pivodová Lenka , Daňsová Petra , Lacinová Lenka 
Published: December 2020

Cílem studie bylo vyvinout dotazník, který by zachytil míru zmatení rolí tak, jak ji aktuálně prožívají adolescenti. Postup tvorby dotazníku je popsán prostřednictvím dvou studií, které na sebe navazují. Ve studii I bylo pilotováno 9 sebehodnotících položek dotazníku na vzorku adolescentů (n=56; 13-17 let; M=15,02; SD=1,8; z toho 65,5% dívky). Byla ověřena vnitřní konzistence a faktorové příslušnosti položek do dvou faktorů – instrumentální zmatení rolí a emocionální zmatení rolí. Ve studii II bylo pilotováno 16 položek dotazníku (stávající ze studie I, pozměněné a doplněné) na vzorku adolescentů (n=154; 12-19 let; M=15,23; SD = 2,02; 61,7 % dívky). Bylo zde odlišeno zmatení rolí směrem k otci a matce zvlášť, položky jsou rozděleny do tří faktorů: instrumentálního zmatení rolí, emocionálního zmatení rolí v dyádě matka/dítě a emocionální zmatení rolí otec/dítě. Vzhledem k tomu, že obsahově podobné položky pro matku a otce byly administrovány po sobě a sdílely rozptyl, který nebyl možný vysvětlit jejich příslušností do škál, bude dotazník s odlišným pořadím položek podroben následnému zkoumání. The aim of the study was to develop a questionnaire to capture the degree of role confusion as it is currently experienced by adolescents. The process of creating a questionnaire is described through two follow-up studies. In Study I, 9 self-assessment items were piloted on a sample of adolescents (n=56; 13-17 years; M=15,02; SD=1,8; 65,5% girls). The internal consistency and factor relevance of the items into two factors was verified - instrumental role confusion and emotional role confusion. In Study II, 16 questionnaire items (existing from Study I, amended and supplemented) were piloted on a sample of adolescents (n=154; 12-19 years; M=15,23; SD = 2,02; 61,7 % girls). The distinction of role confusion towards father and mother was differentiated, the items being divided into three factors: instrumental role confusion, emotional role confusion in the mother / child dyad, and emotional role confusion in father / child dyad. Since the content-related items for the mother and father were administered one after another and shared the variance, which was not possible to explain their belonging to the scales, the questionnaire with different order of items will be subjected to subsequent examination.
La implantación de Planes de Igualdad de Oportunidades entre Mujeres y Hombres en los municipios de la Región de Murcia (España)
Authors: Sánchez Ruiz Inmaculada Concepción , Áviles Hernández Manuela , García Escribano Juan José 
Published: December 2020

En el año 2007 se aprobó, a nivel nacional, la Ley Orgánica 3/2007 para la igualdad efectiva de mujeres y hombres. Ese mismo año, en la Región de Murcia, se aprobó la Ley 7/2007 para la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres y la protección contra la violencia de género. Ambas leyes establecen la obligatoriedad a las administraciones públicas de elaborar y ejecutar planes de igualdad. El objetivo del trabajo de investigación que se recoge en este artículo es identificar y analizar los planes de igualdad de oportunidades entre mujeres y hombres que se han aprobado en los Ayuntamientos de la Región de Murcia hasta el año 2017. Teniendo en cuenta el objeto de estudio, se ha recurrido a una metodología cualitativa, centrada en la revisión documental. En la investigación han participado 40 municipios de la Región de Murcia. Se ha podido trabajar con 28 planes de igualdad implantados a nivel local desde 1992 hasta 2017. Los resultados del análisis indican que no existe un desarrollo adecuado de planes de igualdad de oportunidades entre mujeres y hombres a nivel local en la Región de Murcia. Destaca el escaso progreso institucional y se aprecia una carencia respecto a medidas específicas para prevenir las desigualdades de género en todos los ámbitos de la realidad social.
In 2007, Organic Law 3/2007 for the effective equality of women and men was approved at the national level. That same year, in the Region of Murcia, Law 7/2007 was approved for equality between women and men and protection against gender violence. Both laws establish the obligatory nature of public administrations to prepare and execute Equality Plans.
The objective of this research is to analyze the content of the Equal Opportunity Plans between women and men that have been approved by the City Councils of the Region of Murcia until the year 2017. Taking into account the object of study, a qualitative methodology, focused on documentary review. 40 municipalities in the Region of Murcia have participated in the research and it has been possible to work with 28 Equality Plans implemented locally from 1992 to 2017. The results of the analysis indicate that there is no adequate development of Equal Opportunity Plans among women. and men locally in the Region of Murcia. The low institutional progress stands out and there is a lack of specific measures to prevent gender inequalities in all areas of social reality. This research is a starting point towards a new approach to equality policies in the Region of Murcia, aimed at promoting, making visible and achieving real equality by eliminating gender-based social inequalities.
La virtud de la prudencia como herramienta que contribuye a una buena argumentación y a la praxis del mediador
Authors: Sáenz López Karla , Zurita Elsa 
Published: December 2020

Este articulo propone una comprensión de la prudencia, que aporta a la mediación transformativa herramientas éticas, intelectuales y morales. Por tal motivo, se considera necesario conocer cuáles son los elementos que componen su discurso autorregulado y argumentativo, considerando, las emociones, la lógica y la ética, poniendo especial énfasis en la participación del mediador/a, y la necesidad de orientar el conocimiento, teórico, técnico y reglamentario, hacia una práctica con altos principios; porque esto influye directamente en las partes intervinientes y en los procesos, y finalmente como conclusión, la incidencia de su aplicación en el desarrollo que mejora la práctica del mediador/a.
This article proposes an understanding of prudence that contributes ethical, intellectual and moral tools to transformative mediation, for this reason, it is considered necessary to know are the elements that make up its self-regulated and argumentative discourse, considering emotions, logic and ethics , placing special emphasis on the participation of the mediator, and the need to orient the knowledge, theoretical, technical and regulatory, towards a practice with high principles; because this directly influences the intervening parties and the processes, and finally, as a conclusion, the incidence of its application in the development that improves the practice of the mediator.
Spændinger mellem testdata og valg af læremidler. Et virksomhedsteoretisk perspektiv på læsevejledning i skolen
Authors: Kiær Karina 
Published: December 2020

Denne artikel undersøger spændinger i forholdet mellem læsevejledning og undervisning belyst i forholdet mellem testdata og læremidler. Artiklen er er en del af et igangværende ph.d.-projekt[1], hvor jeg har skygget fire læsevejledere på tre forskellige skoler i to forskellige kommuner samt gennemført interviews af læsevejlederne og deres skoleledere. Data analyseres med udgangspunkt i den kulturhistoriske virksomhedsteori med særligt fokus på at belyse de spændinger, som er i virksomhedssystemet. På baggrund af analysen kan jeg konkludere, at læremidler foreslås, når testdata skal bruges i undervisningssituationer. Analysen viser, at læsevejlederens fagdidaktiske viden om både læseudvikling og staveudvikling er vigtig, når det handler om at understøtte lærerens hensigtsmæssige brug af læremidler i forhold til testdata. I artiklen viser sig en tydelig spænding omkring forholdet mellem regler, arbejdsdeling og tid, fordi det har en betydning for fællesskaber (vejledning) på skolerne.

[1] Empirien fra denne artikel er indhentet i ph.d.-projekts pilotprojekt, som startede januar 2019
Psychosocial variables and quality of life during the COVID-19 lockdown: a correlational study on a convenience sample of young Italians
Authors: Lardone Anna , Sorrentino Pierpaolo , Giancamilli Francesco , Palombi Tommaso , Simper Trevor , Mandolesi Laura , Lucidi Fabio , Chirico Andrea , Galli Federica 
Published: December 2020

Background
In 2020, to limit the spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19), many countries, including Italy, have issued a lengthy quarantine period for the entire population. For this reason lifestyle has changed, bringing inevitable repercussions to the Quality of Life (QoL). The present study aims to identify which psychosocial variables predict behaviors capable of affecting the QoL during the lockdown period, potentially highlighting factors that might promote well-being and health in the Italian population during the epidemic.

Methods
Between 27 April 2020 and 11 May 2020, we administered a web-survey to a sample of young Italian people (age M = 21.2; SD = 3.5; female = 57.7% of the sample). Employing variance-based structural equation modeling, we attempted to identify whether social connectedness, social support, and loneliness were variables predictive of the QoL of young Italians. We also sought to identify specific psychological factors, such as symbolic threat, realistic threat, and the threat from potentially contaminated objects, was correlated to COVID-19 fear and whether engaging in particular behaviors was likely to improve the QoL.

Results
Our results suggest that social connectedness and loneliness are significant predictors of QoL, while social support did not have a significant effect on QoL. Furthermore, we observed that symbolic and realistic threats and the threat from potentially contaminated objects are significant and positive predictors of COVID-19 fear. Moreover, COVID-19 fear had significant and positive relationships with the carrying out of specific behaviors, such as creative activities during the isolation period and that this related to affirming individuals’ country-specific identity. Finally, COVID-19 fear is a significant predictor of behavioral factors related to the adherence to public health advice in line with national guidance regarding the containment of COVID-19; this factor, however, did not correlate with QoL.

Conclusion
Our results suggest the importance of social context and psychological factors to help devise intervention strategies to improve the QoL during lockdown from epidemic events and, in particular, support the importance of promoting social communication and accurate information about the transmission of the virus.
Effects of Aqueous Extract of Terminalia catappa L. on Membrane Stability of Sickle Cell Erythrocytes
Authors: Chukwunyere E. K. , Chikezie P. C. , Anuforo P. C. , Adejor J. , Nwankwo H. C. 
Published: December 2020

Background: The effects of 800 mg% aqueous extract of T. catappa on membrane stability of human erythrocytes of HbSS genotype were investigated using in vitro studies.
Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the membrane stabilizing potential of aqueous extract of T. catappa on sickle cell erythrocytes.
Study Design: Laboratory Experimental Design was used in this study.
Place and Duration: Department of Biochemistry, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria. The study was carried out between November, 2010 and May, 2011.
Materials and Methods: Spectrophotometric method was employed in determining the osmotic fragility index of HbSS erythrocytes. The mean corpuscular fragility (MCF) of the control was 0.422 ± 0.80 g/100 ml, whereas that of the test sample was 0.36 ± 0.014 g/100 ml. The percentage stabilization for the HbSS erythrocytes, which was calculated using the MCF values, was 14.28%. The MCF values of the control and the test showed significant difference (p < 0.05).
Results: The result showed that aqueous extract of T. catappa exhibited an increasing capacity to stabilize HbSS erythrocytes membrane.
Conclusion: The present study showed that aqueous extract of T. catappa L. exhibited membrane stability potential on sickle cell erythrocytes.
Growth of Transplanted Rice as Influenced by Enriched Nitrogen Sources at Different Levels
Authors: Reddy N. Prathap , Rao CH. Bharat Bhushan , Surekha K. , Hussain SA. 
Published: December 2020

The field experiment was carried out during kharif, 2018 at the research farm of the ICAR, Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Hyderabad (TS) to study the growth of transplanted rice as influenced by the enriched nitrogen sources at different levels. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with eleven treatments viz., T1 Control (0:60:40 kg N:P:K ha-1), T2 (75% Recommended Dose of Nitrogen (RDN) through neem coated urea), T3 (75% RDN through enriched rice straw compost with trichoderma), T4 (75% RDN through vermicompost), T5 (75% RDN through neem coated urea + nitrification inhibitor), T6 (75% RDN (50% RDN through vermicompost + 25% RDN through neem coated urea + nitrification inhibitor ), T7 (100% RDN through neem coated urea), T8 (100% RDN through enriched rice straw compost with trichoderma), T9 (100% RDN through vermicompost), T10 (100% RDN through neem coated urea + nitrification inhibitor) and T11 (100% RDN (50% RDN through vermicompost + 50% RDN through neem coated urea + nitrification inhibitor). From this study it can be concluded that application of 100% RDN through neem coated urea resulted in highest plant height at 90 Days after transplanting (DAT) and at harvest, tillers m-2 at 60 DAT and at harvest, dry matter production at 90 DAT and at harvest, SPAD meter readings at 60 DAT and 90 DAT. Similarly, lowest plant height, tillers m-2, dry matter production and SPAD meter readings were recorded for control.
Transition Metal ParaCEST, LipoCEST, and CellCEST Agents as MRI Probes
Authors: Morrow Janet R. , Chowdhury Md Saiful I. , Abozeid Samira M. , Patel Akanksha , Raymond Jaclyn J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
First‐row transition metal (TM) complexes are of interest as members of a relatively new class of coordination complexes that produce MRI contrast through CEST (chemical‐exchange saturation transfer). CEST reduces the intensity of the water protons upon exchange of a selectively magnetically saturated proton with the water proton pool. Paramagnetic TM complexes produce large paramagnetically shifted protons, which facilitates CEST signal intensity by avoiding tissue background signal (paraCEST agents) and also allowing for faster proton‐exchange rates. TM paraCEST agents have certain advantages over lanthanide paraCEST agents including the possibility of tuning oxidation and spin states to allow for the development of responsive agents. Moreover, the covalent bonding character of the TM ions bestows large through‐bond contributions to the hyperfine shifts of protons, which is beneficial for paraCEST agents. New applications include the development of TM water proton shift reagents (SRs) for improvement of sensitivity through incorporation into supramolecular assemblies. Liposomes with encapsulated and amphiphilic SRs produce lipoCEST, and cells loaded with SRs produce cellCEST. This article summarizes TM paraCEST agents and SRs and highlights new research directions.