bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automating Clinical Chart Review: An Open-Source Natural Language Processing Pipeline Developed on Free-Text Radiology Reports From Patients With Glioblastoma
Authors: Senders Joeky T. , Cho Logan D. , Calvachi Paola , McNulty John J. , Ashby Joanna L. , Schulte Isabelle S. , Almekkawi Ahmad Kareem , Mehrtash Alireza , Gormley William B. , Smith Timothy R. , Broekman Marike L.D. , Arnaout Omar 
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to develop an open-source natural language processing (NLP) pipeline for text mining of medical information from clinical reports. We also aimed to provide insight into why certain variables or reports are more suitable for clinical text mining than others. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various NLP models were developed to extract 15 radiologic characteristics from free-text radiology reports for patients with glioblastoma. Ten-fold cross-validation was used to optimize the hyperparameter settings and estimate model performance. We examined how model performance was associated with quantitative attributes of the radiologic characteristics and reports. RESULTS In total, 562 unique brain magnetic resonance imaging reports were retrieved. NLP extracted 15 radiologic characteristics with high to excellent discrimination (area under the curve, 0.82 to 0.98) and accuracy (78.6% to 96.6%). Model performance was correlated with the inter-rater agreement of the manually provided labels (ρ = 0.904; P < .001) but not with the frequency distribution of the variables of interest (ρ = 0.179; P = .52). All variables labeled with a near perfect inter-rater agreement were classified with excellent performance (area under the curve > 0.95). Excellent performance could be achieved for variables with only 50 to 100 observations in the minority group and class imbalances up to a 9:1 ratio. Report-level classification accuracy was not associated with the number of words or the vocabulary size in the distinct text documents. CONCLUSION This study provides an open-source NLP pipeline that allows for text mining of narratively written clinical reports. Small sample sizes and class imbalance should not be considered as absolute contraindications for text mining in clinical research. However, future studies should report measures of inter-rater agreement whenever ground truth is based on a consensus label and use this measure to identify clinical variables eligible for text mining.
Prenatal Exercise and Cardiorespiratory Health and Fitness: A Meta-analysis
Authors: CAI CHENXI , RUCHAT STEPHANIE-MAY , SIVAK ALLISON , DAVENPORT MARGIE H. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the influence of prenatal exercise on maternal cardiorespiratory health and fitness during pregnancy.

Methods
Online databases were searched up to February 25, 2019. Studies of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were eligible, which contained information on the relevant population (pregnant women), intervention (subjective or objective measures of frequency, intensity, duration, volume, or type of exercise), comparator (no exercise intervention), and outcomes (maternal cardiorespiratory fitness, including V˙O2max, submaximal V˙O2, V˙O2 at anaerobic threshold, and cardiorespiratory health, including resting heart rate, and resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures during pregnancy).

Results
From 2699 unique citations, 26 RCTs (N = 2292 women) were included. Of these, one study reported measured V˙O2max, seven reported predicted V˙O2max, three reported submaximal V˙O2, and two studies reported VO2AT. “Low”- to “high”-certainty evidence revealed that exercise was associated with improved predicted/measured V˙O2max (5 RCTs, n = 430; mean difference [MD], 2.77 mL·kg−1·min−1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32 to 5.21 mL·kg−1·min−1; I
2 = 69%), reduced resting heart rate (9 RCTs, n = 637; MD, −1.71 bpm; 95% CI, −3.24 to −0.19 bpm; I
2 = 13%), resting systolic blood pressure (16 RCTs, n = 1672; MD, −2.11 mm Hg; 95% CI, −3.71 to −0.51 mm Hg; I
2 = 69%), and diastolic blood pressure (15 RCTs, n = 1624; MD, −1.77 mm Hg; 95% CI, −2.90 to −0.64 mm Hg; I
2 = 60%).

Conclusion
Prenatal exercise interventions improve maternal predicted/measured V˙O2max and reduce resting heart rate and blood pressure. This review highlights the need for additional high-quality studies of cardiorespiratory fitness (namely, V˙O2max and V˙O2 peak) in pregnancy.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019131249.
Board Expertise and Executive Incentives
Authors: Meng Xiaojing , Tian Jie Joyce 
Published: January 2020

We investigate how board expertise affects chief executive officer (CEO) incentives and firm value. The CEO engages in a sequence of tasks: first acquiring information to evaluate a potential project, then reporting his or her assessment of the project to the board, and finally implementing the project if it is adopted. We demonstrate that the CEO receives higher compensation when the board agrees with the CEO on the assessment of the project. Board expertise leads to (weakly) better investment decisions and helps motivate the CEO's evaluation effort; however, it may induce underreporting and reduce the CEO's incentives to properly implement the project. Consequently, if motivating the CEO to evaluate projects is the major concern (e.g., innovative industries), board expertise exhibits an overall positive effect on firm value; however, if motivating the CEO to implement projects is the major concern (e.g., mature industries), board expertise can harm firm value. This paper was accepted by Shiva Rajgopal, accounting.
Patients' experiences of living with multiple myeloma
Authors: Cuffe Clare Horgan , Quirke Mary B , McCabe Catherine 
Published: January 2020

Background: Multiple myeloma is a B-cell haematological malignancy characterised by uncontrolled plasma cell proliferation. Patients with the disease often undergo periods of remission followed by multiple relapses. Understanding patients' experience of living with this chronic condition is key to providing effective patient-centred care. Aims: This qualitative descriptive study explored the experiences of patients living with multiple myeloma. Methods: A purposive sample of 6 patients was used. Data were collected using in-depth unstructured interviews and analysed using Colaizzi's (1978) thematic framework. Findings: The emergent themes included: information and communication; treatment and symptom burden; the importance of support from family/friends and professional help; psychosocial elements of survivorship. Conclusion: The complex symptoms of multiple myeloma need to be treated holistically to manage the unpredictable nature of this disease.
Acceptability of external jugular venepuncture for patients with liver disease and difficult venous access
Authors: Sheils Sinead , Mason Susan , Gullick Janice 
Published: January 2020

Background:Difficult venous access (DVA) is common in liver patients requiring blood collection using traditional peripheral approaches. This study aimed to understand the experience of DVA for liver patients and the acceptability of peripheral venepuncture versus external jugular venepuncture (EJV). A secondary aim was to explore the impact of EJV on local resource utilization.Methods:Semistructured interviews with liver outpatients with DVA (n = 10) requiring venepuncture were firstly themed inductively. We then deductively applied the acceptability framework of Sekhon et al. as a further analytic lens. Audit data from DVA encounters (n = 24) allowed analysis of issues from multiple perspectives. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research reporting checklist guides this report.Results:Peripheral venepuncture had poor prospective, concurrent, and retrospective acceptability, requiring significant mental and physical preparation. Fear, stigma, pain and distress, poor continuity of care, and poor effectiveness led to service disengagement. While EJV caused initial trepidation, it had high concurrent and retrospective acceptability. The significant improvement in patient experience was corroborated by audit data for both procedure duration (5 versus 15 minutes) and first attempt success (100 versus 28.5%) for EJV versus peripheral venepuncture, respectively. While EJV required a recumbent position, it required less staff.Conclusions:EJV is highly acceptable to patients, using less time and staff resources. EJV protocols and staff training should be considered where DVA presentations are common. Individualized care plans and careful care coordination could divert DVA patients needing venepuncture to services that use EJV preferentially. HIGHLIGHTS Peripheral venepuncture results in fear, stigma, pain, & distress for those with DVA. This poor acceptability of traditional venepuncture leads to service disengagement. External jugular venepuncture is highly acceptable & improves resource utilization.
Clinical photography and the dental nurse
Authors: Ireland Bob 
Published: January 2020

In the second of a two-part article, Professor Bob Ireland considers image consent, storage and transmission Aim The reader should be able to understand the role of informed consent and confidentiality when taking, storing or transmitting clinical image or video data. Objectives To understand the role of capacity when obtaining informed consent To understand the importance of obtaining informed consent when taking patient images To understand the limitations of clinical photography and the electronic storage and transmission of clinical data GDC development outcome A, C and D
Debt, usury and the ongoing crises of capitalism
Authors: Gane Nicholas 
Published: January 2020

This chapter addresses a concept that was once central to debates within classical liberal thought but today is largely neglected: usury. The question of usury divided classical liberals over whether there should be a free market in the provision of credit or rather government policing of the social and moral limits of debt. These divisions resurface in a contemporary the current post-crisis period in debate over whether the short-term loan market should be free to meet the demands of credit supply (the libertarian position) or should be regulated by government agencies to ensure that it works within limits (a neoliberal stance). This chapter argues that the concept of usury is useful for questioning the role of state and government in regulating private debt, and for considering the possibility of an alternative politics of debt that centres not on regulating the rate of interest charged on credit, but rather the freedom of banks and other institutions to lend money at a price.
Protection from poverty in the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Pribytkova Elena 
Published: January 2020

This paper analyses the practice of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), which gives judicial protection to minimum socio-economic guarantees indispensable for freedom from poverty while addressing civil and political rights enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). I explore the normative basis, scope, strategies, conditions and effectiveness of the ECtHR’s enforcement of basic socio-economic guarantees, such as access to adequate food, water, sanitation, housing, clothing, health, and social security. The paper examines the virtues and shortcomings of the ECtHR’s approach and discusses legal and political measures necessary to improve judicial protection of the poor in Europe. It shows the necessity of the elaboration of a systematic legal conception clarifying the content and scope of socio-economic guarantees of freedom from poverty protected by the ECHR as well as common standards of their judicial enforcement. At the same time, I advocate for the direct judicial protection of socio-economic rights at the European level. An essential political measure in this sense would be the expansion of the Court’s jurisdiction to the rights enshrined in the European Social Charter and the Revised European Social Charter.
Towards cultural ecologies: why urban cultural policy must embrace multiple cultural agendas
Authors: Perry Beth , Symons Jessica 
Published: January 2020

This chapter draws on local ethnographic work undertaken in Ordsall, Salford UK. The Ideas4Ordsall initiative comprised 25 ideas for cultural activity generated by local people, funded by the AHRC Connected Communities programme. People’s ideas for cultural activities included dog-walking, beekeeping, photography, craft, cooking, bike workshops, a community festival, a community noticeboard and a graphic design company. We argue that local people’s ideas speak back and challenge narrow framings of the creative city, with a focus on connecting community; curating history; developing social enterprise; capturing a sense of place and sharing knowledge. Although disconnected from mainstream cultural activities, our process revealed a rich and vibrant community in the area, running through family networks where people socialise daily with each other, and find culture in community, mutuality, sociality, history and place. We draw on our study to argue that progress towards cultural democracy can be enhanced through anthropological understandings of culture as webs of significance and the patterns through which people accommodate their daily activities
Introduction: What Does Biosensing Do?
Authors: Roberts Celia , Mackenzie Adrian , Mort Maggie , Atkinson Theresa , Kragh-Furbo Mette , Wilkinson Joann 
Published: January 2020

Biosensor devices and biosensing practices emerge where health experience, scientific and medical knowledges and online platforms meet. In a synoptic discussion, we map some of these meetings and introduce the approach to health biosensing followed in this book. Our approach questions pervasive elementary assumptions about bodies, time and measurement. It expands to include a gamut of biosensings by comparing experiences of different life events, ranging from conception to ageing. We flag some of the significant institutional and regulatory problems in aligning scientific and clinical knowledges around biosensors. And we describe the volatile mixing of devices, data science, marketing and social networks on contemporary health platforms in terms of the cultural logics of biosensing.
Predicting the redshift on the ultraviolet spectrum using the peak area method
Authors: Tong Angxin , Tang Xiaojun , Zhang Feng , Wang Bin 
Published: January 2020

The ultraviolet (UV) absorption peaks of NaCl, NaOH, and

β

-phenylethylamine (PEA) in an aqueous solution move toward redshift. We proposed the peak area method for the quantitative analysis of PEA, NaCl, and NaOH. First, we obtained the predictable regularities of the redshift of the single component sample. Then, we obtained the regularities of the redshift of the UV spectrum for the mixture by the peak height and peak area methods. Finally, the BP-ANN algorithm was applied to determine the concentration of the mixture using the peak height and peak area method. The results of the testing set showed that correlation coefficients (

R

2

) of 0.992, 0.993, and 0.992 were obtained by peak height method and 0.997, 0.998, and 0.998 were obtained by peak area method for NaCl, NaOH, and PEA, respectively. Meanwhile, the relative errors of the prediction of NaCl, NaOH, and PEA obtained by peak area method were less than 3%, whereas the REP of NaCl, NaOH, and PEA obtained by peak height method were more than 5%. Compared with the results of the peak height method, the results showed that the peak area was more accurate than the peak height in predicting the redshift of the UV spectrum.
Balsalazide-Induced Pneumonitis Causing Dyspnea in a Patient With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Sobecki Jeffrey , Patel Kruti , Kahl Ryan , Minaudo Mark 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Inflammatory bowel disease complications can be related to inflammatory bowel disease-related pulmonary diseases or a form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis secondary to the immunosuppressive medications. We present a patient with intermittent chest pain and hypoxic respiratory failure who was found to have balsalazide-induced pneumonitis. We discuss the treatment and long-term outlook.
The Importance of Good Customer Ethics in Improving The Financing Portion of Mudharabah
Authors: Umam Khotibul 
Published: January 2020

Mudharabah is a partnership contract (reputation agreement) in which one party (shahibul maal) will give his property to another party (mudharib) as productive business capital with profit sharing between the owner of the funds/capital based on the agreed ratio in advance. In practice, the application of financing mudharabah is not easy to be implemented in Islamic banking because financing mudharabah will make the asymmetric information between the customer and Islamic banking. Mudharabah client have more information than Islamic banking about all of that business. Asymmetric information sometimes can make the costumer do the moral hazard and adverse selection acts with the result that Islamic banking didn't take that risk and make the distribution of mudharabah financing portion becomes very small when compared to the total number of Islamic bank financing. Mudharabah Customers must have a good business ethics and always have advanced principle of honesty, trustworthy and transparent in managing shahibul maal funds in orther to they can minimize the risk of financing mudharabah and make Islamic banking be confident to grant the decision of financing mudharabah.
Comparison of Income Statement Approach and Shari'ate Value Added Statement Approach in Assessing the Financial Performance of Islamic Banks in Indonesia
Authors: Faisal Agus 
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is to comparison in financia performance of Islamic banks in Indonesia by using the Income Statement (IS) approach and Shari'ate Value Added Statement (SVAS) approach. The type of research is quantitative, sample using a purposive sampling technique with the criteria of Islamic banks in Indonesia the which presents a financial annual report the period 2008-2012. Financial ratios used consisted of Return On Asset (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), the ratio between the total net income by total productive assets (LBAP), Net profite Margin (NPM), and Operating Expense to Operation Income (OEOI), Analysis tool used to prove the hypothesis of this study is an independent sample t-test and Mann Whitney U. The result Showed that the average financial ratios (ROA, ROE, LBAP, NPM and OEOI) there are differences singnificant between the model of IS and SVAS. Differences in the ratio of financial performance is due to the differences in the design of the presentation and disclosures relating to profit and added value. Income Statement "IS" looked at income as profit, whereas the Shari'ate Value Added Statement "SVAS" looked at income as an added value.
Takhrij dan Fahm al Hads "Khuffat al Jannah bi al Makaarih” dalam Kitab Adab al-'Aalim wa al Muta'allim
Authors: Fikri Ishom Fuadi 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to discuss one of the Hadith in the book "Adab al-‘Aalim wa al-Muta’allim" by KH. Hasyim As'ariy, i.e. "Khuffat al-Jannah bi al-Makaarih". The approach used is the takhrij hadith bi al-lafdzi, which is to use few words and first words in the hadith. This paper is a study of literature based on relevant literature sources and seeks to answer the question of the status of authenticity of the hadith and how to understand the hadith. The quality of the hadith is worth Saheeh as a logical consequence of the connection of the Sanad and its famous tsiqah narrators, besides the matn hadith, it also does not conflict with such hadith as narrated by other narrators who are more religious. Therefore, the hadith can be used as a shara’ proposition, where in this case KH. Hasyim As'ariy explained that among the obligations of a teacher is always to encourage himself to; 1) always increase knowledge and do good deeds in sincerity of power and effort, 2) continuous worship, 3) read, 4) study, 5) discuss, 6) make notes, 7) memorize, 8) do not waste time and his age on something that is not related to science and good deeds, except when it is primary, including; eat-drink, rest-sleep, fulfill the rights of his wife or guest, make a living according to the level of need, illness, and so on. ABSTRAKTulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas salah satu hadis yang yang tertera di dalam kitab “Adab al-‘Aalim wa al-Muta’allim” karya KH. Hasyim As’ariy, yakni “Khuffat al-Jannah bi al-Makaarih”. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah takhrij hadis bi al-lafdzi, yakni menggunakan sebagaian kata dan kata pertama dalam matan hadis. Tulisan ini merupakan kajian kepustakaan berdasarkan sumber-sumber literatur yang relevan dan berusaha menjawab persoalan mengenai status keotentikan hadis dan bagaimana pemahaman hadis tersebut. Kualitas hadits tersebut adalah bernilai shahih sebagai konsekuensi logis dari adanya persambungan sanad dan para perawinya terkenal tsiqah, disamping matan haditsnya juga tidak bertentangan dengan hadits semisal yang diriwayatkan oleh perawi lainnya yang lebih tsiqah. Oleh sebab itu, hadis tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai dalil syara’, dimana dalam hal ini KH. Hasyim As’ariy menjelaskan bahwa diantara kewajiban seorang guru adalah senantiasa mendorong dirinya sendiri untuk; 1) selalu menambah pengetahuan dan beramal saleh dalam kesungguhan daya dan upaya, 2) kontinyu dalam beribadah, 3) membaca, 4) belajar, 5) berdiskusi, 6) membuat catatan-catatan, 7) mengahafal, 8) tidak menyia-nyiakan waktu dan umurnya pada sesuatu yang tidak berkaitan dengan keilmuan dan amal saleh, kecuali bila hal itu bersifat primer, diantaranya; makan-minum, istirahat-tidur, memenuhi hak istri atau tamunya, mencari nafkah sesuai kadar kebutuhan, sakit, dan sebagainya.
Sex education of adolescents with autism spectrum disorders in Poland
Authors: GULCZYŃSKA ANNA , WOJCIECHOWSKA ANETA 
Published: January 2020

Anna Gulczyńska, Aneta Wojciechowska, Sex education of adolescents with autism spectrum disorders in Poland. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 24, Poznań 2019. Pp. 155-176. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X.DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.24.09
The aim of this article is to present the results of research into how mothers of individuals with ASD perceive school sex education. The article aims to contribute to the discussion on the need to introduce changes in the Polish education system as far as the area of sexuality is concerned. The study was carried out in two parts, at time intervals. The results were obtained only from mothers, which corresponds with the conclusion that mothers talk about matters of sexuality more often than fathers do and with daughters rather than with sons. The results indicate that mothers want to influence the sex education of their children, at the same time having no knowledge of what topics they are pursuing or can pursue with their child during formal sex education at school (education for living in a family).
Prawda w pismach filozoficznych św. Augustyna
Authors: Ksycki Arkadiusz 
Published: January 2020

Święty Augustyn (354-430) jest jednym z czterech wielkich doktorów Kościoła zachodniego. W swoim nauczaniu podejmował zagadnienia zarówno natury filozoficznej, jak i teologicznej. Powyższy artykuł stanowi próbę podsumowania ważnych poglądów epistemologicznych św. Augustyna na możliwość poznania prawdy przez człowieka. Owo poznanie, zgodnie z myślą starożytnego autora, wpływa na jakość życia człowieka i kieruje jego postępowaniem.
W opracowaniu powyższego zagadnienia posłużono się analizą pism filozoficznych św. Augustyna, w których autor określa, jaka jest prawda oraz co stanowi jej główną i absolutną treść. Na tej podstawie ustalono, że dla św. Augustyna absolutną i jedyną prawdą jest Bóg. Poznanie tej prawdy daje człowiekowi poczucie prawdziwego szczęścia oraz zaspokaja najgłębsze pragnienia jego duszy. Augustyn podkreśla optymizm epistemologiczny w odniesieniu do prawdy. Łączy wysiłek ludzkiego rozumu ze światłem wiary i ukazuje ich konieczną współpracę na rzecz dobra i szczęścia człowieka.