bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AGING AND FEELING CURIOUS: A TIME-SAMPLING STUDY
Authors: Chu Li , Fung Helene H 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Curiosity is commonly defined as “the desire for new information and experience.” While curiosity has been associated with numerous positive outcomes (e.g., improved well-being, better cognitive performance and longer life expectancy, some studies suggested that curiosity declined with age. However, very few studies actually attempt to examine why curiosity may be lower among older adults. Moreover, scholars disagreed on “why” people feel curious. According to the dual process theory (Spielberger & Starr, 1994), curiosity is induced by optimal level of uncertainty and anxiety with the desire to reduce these aversive feelings. However, the personal growth facilitation model (Kashdan, Rose, & Fincham, 2002) posits that people are curious intrinsically for one’s own growth, which is associated with positive affects. Therefore, the present study aims to examine age differences in the affective profile of feeling curious by comparing the momentary affective experience of curiosity between younger and older adults. In this study, we conducted a 2-week time-sampling study with 78 younger adults (age 19-29) and 79 older adults (age 60-85) from Hong Kong. Multilevel modeling analyses demonstrated a positive relationship between curiosity and positive emotions for both younger (β=.29, p&lt;.01) and older adults (β=.70, p&lt;.01). Interestingly, anxiousness was positively associated with younger adults’ curiosity (β=.09, p=.01) but not for older adults (β=.06, p=.29). Our study supported both theories, but suggested that one may be more dominant among older adults. These findings have important implications for future interventions to reduce anxiousness to encourage older adults to keep an open-minded attitude towards novelties.
RACE AND ETHNICITY DISPARITIES IN SUBJECTIVE COGNITIVE DECLINE
Authors: Reed Nia , Taylor Christopher A , Olivari Benjamin , Wooten Karen , McGuire Lisa C 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is the self-reported experience of worsening or more frequent confusion or memory loss and it is one of the earliest noticeable symptoms of AD. Data from respondents aged 45 years and older to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Cognitive Decline module were examined to identify race and ethnicity disparities in SCD. This module was administered by 49 participating states, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico from 2015-2018. Data were analyzed using SAS statistical software and methods that accounted for survey design and weighted data. Prevalence of SCD by race/ethnicity with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated. Among adults aged 45 years and older, one in nine (10.8%; CI=10.5-11.2) non-Hispanic white adults experienced SCD. In comparison, among adults aged 45 years and older, one in nine (11.2%; CI=9.8-12.7) Hispanic, one in eight (13.2%; CI=12.0-14.3) African American/black, and one in five (19.6%; CI=16.0-23.2) American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults experienced SCD. These numbers are expected to increase significantly over time, especially for some minority groups. More specifically, Hispanics and African Americans are expected to constitute a large proportion of older adults in the coming decades. There are implications in how communities are reached with respect to awareness of cognitive decline (this includes AI/AN adults, as well). Race and ethnicity disparities in SCD may be influenced by differences in chronic diseases and other risk factors that are also disparate between communities.
ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL CAPITAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS IN OLDER CALIFORNIANS
Authors: Caceres Nenette A , Alemi Qais , Ortiz Larry , Stempel Carl 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Seniors aged 65 and older are at great risk of psychological distress given their functional decline, which is known to limit participation and engagement in community life. The purpose of this study is to examine whether higher indices of social capital have a positive impact on the mental health of older, ethnic Californians. We conducted a secondary analysis of data for 7,485 Californians 65 and older from the 2016 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). A principal components analysis generated two social capital measures; one measuring safety and social cohesion, the other civic engagement. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the independent effects of social capital subscales on the severity of psychological distress as measured by the Kessler-6 (K6).Respondents were on average moderately distressed, with small yet significantly higher K6 scores observed among African Americans, Asians, and Native Americans. The addition of our social capital variables in subsequent steps resulted in little yet significant change in explaining psychological distress (ΔR2 = .02, p &lt; .001) with only neighborhood safety and social cohesion being inversely associated with K6 (β = -.15, p &lt; .001). The interaction between ethnicity and neighborhood safety and social cohesion resulted in non-significant associations with K6 scores for all ethnic minority subgroups; however, for African Americans the relationship with psychological distress actually increased significantly (β = .24, p &lt; .001). Our findings suggest that specific types of social capital may be helpful in remediating psychological distress for certain ethnic minority groups.
DEPENDENT INDEPENDENCE: REFRAMING AGING AND CAREGIVING AFTER CHINA’S ONE-CHILD POLICY
Authors: Chi Chen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Global aging has led to substantive demands for caregiving. In China, the country’s birth control policy and recent economic downturn have exacerbated the situation. Given the decreasing care they have received, older Chinese online users 65-74 years of age from single-child families, however, have demonstrated more positive attitudes than negative ones—expressing satisfaction and speaking highly of their adult children’s filial care. Why older Chinese come to appreciate their adult children’s filial performance? Building upon the concept of “regeneration” (Cole and Durham, 2007), I propose the term “dependent independence” to highlight the mutually constitutive parent-adult children relations in China’s single-child families. Employing a relational approach to aging and care in China, I analyze online posts from China’s most populous information-sharing platform, Zhihu. As the major cause of the care crisis in China, the One-Child Policy, I argue, creates the solution at the same time by modernizing Chinese families such that new care values and preference, specifically affective bonds and independence, have become dominant. I first demonstrate that this sample of older Chinese adults have shifted care preferences from physical support to affective bonds. I then analyze their reformulation of care values from servility to older adults to adult children’s independence and individual success. Revealing the changing values and preference of caregiving and family relations in China, this paper reminds us of what kind of future we aspire to, and what kind of values we cling to no matter as an adult child or an older adult.
THE IMPACT OF MORTALITY SALIENCE ON COLLEGE STUDENTS’ INTENT TO HELP OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Fenstermacher Erika A , Birg Jessica , Barbieri Vincent , Herr Nathaniel 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Terror Management Theory (TMT) states that the awareness of one’s own death causes humans to experience intense anxiety, which must be continuously managed. Much of the research on TMT has focused on negative outcomes, rather than prosocial behavior, begging the question: “Can priming individuals with the thought of their own death trigger them to behave in ways that benefit others?”. Jonas et al. (2002), found that when mortality salience was primed prosocial behavior increased. In line with TMT, they hypothesized that people may behave in a more prosocial manner as it fits in with their personal values. The present study recruited 108 students who were randomly assigned to a mortality salience (MS) or control condition. Participants also completed baseline self-reports, which included measures of ageism, social desirability, personality, and empathy. After the study seemed to end, participants were given a disguised measure of helping behavior, which they believed to be an interest survey for a student volunteer group. Preliminary analyses indicate that those in the MS condition were more willing to be contacted to volunteer with kids than being contacted to volunteer with older adults. We also found that those in the MS condition were more likely to be contacted to volunteer with kids than those in the control condition. Our findings are consistent with previous work showing that individuals favor their ingroup when primed with their death. This reflects the importance of focused efforts on encouraging young people to identify with older adults and on promoting prosocial behavior.
PREDICTION OF THE NUMBER OF AND CARE COSTS FOR DISABLED OLDER ADULTS FROM 2020 TO 2050 IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS IN CHINA
Authors: zhang liangwen , Fang Ya 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Disability for the elderly has become a crucial policy concerns in rapidly aging Asia counties, especially in China. This study aimed to predict the trend of the number of and care costs for disabled older adults from 2020 to 2050 in urban and rural areas in China. Population Administration Decision Information System was used to predict the population of China by urban and rural areas and age group from 2020 to 2050. Monte Carlo simulation and Policy Simulation Model were used to estimate the number and care costs of disabled elderly between urban and rural areas, based on the Chinese latest census data, statistical yearbook, and national survey database. The total disabled population rises rapidly from 43.75 million in 2020 to 91.4 million in 2050, of which 69.7% were urban adults. Compared with the values in 2020, the growth rates of the adults with mild, moderate and severe disabilities were 108%, 104% and 120% in 2050, respectively. The value were 167% and 39% in urban and rural areas, respectively. By 2050, the total care costs increase from 538.0 billion yuan in 2020 to 8530.8 billion yuan, of which 80.2% occurs in urban areas. The predicted results indicate that the numbers and care costs for disabled older adults increase sharply from 2020 to 2050, especially in urban areas of China. It provided a series of evidence for the establishment of the long-term care insurance system in China.
EMBEDDING DEMENTIA-FRIENDLY TRAINING IN A HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
Authors: Schneider Ellen C , Dale Maureen , Wells Krista , Gotelli John , Roberts Ellen , Henage Cristine B , Busby-Whitehead Jan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of dementia, is now the 6th leading cause of death in the United States, affecting one in ten people over the age of 65. With our country’s rapidly aging population, and age being the primary known risk factor for dementia, the number of people with dementia is expected to increase from 5.8 million in 2019 to 14 million in 2050. People with dementia are hospitalized more often and have prolonged stays, poorer outcomes, higher costs, and increased readmission rates. Hospital employees have expressed the desire to have specialized training to learn how to more effectively communicate with and provide better care to patients with dementia to minimize adverse outcomes and increase patient satisfaction. To better address these identified patient and hospital employee needs, the University of North Carolina’s Center for Aging and Health (UNC CAH) is disseminating hospital-specific dementia-friendly training to four hospitals within the UNC Health Care System. The training is being delivered via online modules and follow-up didactic sessions to over 4,000 clinical and non-clinical staff who interact with patients. To monitor outcomes, pre and post training data is being collected on dementia patients’ length of stay, readmission rates, and falls. The pilot project was conducted in 2019, and results of the pilot will be presented in the poster. The dementia-friendly hospital training initiative will prepare hospitals to provide better care for people with dementia, which should lead to improved health outcomes and more positive experiences for patients, caregivers, and hospital employees.
THE IMPACT OF ALIVIADO DEMENTIA CARE HOSPICE EDITION TRAINING PROGRAM ON HOSPICE STAFF’S DEMENTIA SYMPTOM KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Schneider Catherine E , Bristol Alycia A , Ford Ariel , Lin Shih-Yin , Brody Abraham A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A lack of high quality dementia training for healthcare workers is a key barrier to effective care for persons with dementia (PWD), a vulnerable and increasing population across the care continuum. Hospice agencies in particular are underprepared to care for this population, although annually about 17% of hospice patients have a primary diagnosis of dementia and an additional 28% as a comorbidity. Aliviado Dementia Care-Hospice Edition is an interdisciplinary, evidence-based quality improvement program developed to assist hospice interdisciplinary teams in caring for PWD and their caregivers. Interdisciplinary hospice team members in two agencies were enrolled in online training modules, which addressed multiple areas including pain, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), and working with caregivers. They were also provided a toolkit to integrate training in daily practice. Changes in knowledge, confidence and attitudes were tested before and after training and paired t-tests were utilized to evaluate the program’s effect. Thirty-five individuals completed the program and pre/post tests. Paired t-tests showed clinically and statistically significant increases in knowledge, attitudes and confidence in five of 10 domains including depression knowledge and confidence and BPSD knowledge, confidence and interventions. The greatest increase was in using BPSD interventions (18.5% increase, p-value: 0.0002), depression confidence (15.9% increase, p-value: 0.006) and BPSD confidence (12.6% increase, p-value: 0.02). Aliviado is an evidence-based, systems-level intervention shown to improve clinical knowledge, attitudes and confidence in treating pain and BPSD in PWD. This training could be used to produce systems-level practice change for hospice interdisciplinary team members serving PWD.
FROM PERSONAL TO GLOBAL: CULTIVATING YOUR GERONTOLOGICAL VOICE
Authors: Janssen Leah M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
From intro-level undergraduates to advanced graduate students in gerontology, understanding and developing a “gerontological voice” is often an elusive concept and challenging process to articulate. How we view, understand, and give voice to aging-related issues is influenced by a number of different factors: Micro-level factors (e.g., personality, personal experiences with older adults, and personal interests and values); meso-level factors (e.g., coursework in aging and academic major/discipline); and, macro-level factors (e.g., societal and cultural values, media, activism, and advocacy). As an adaptable teaching exercise for all levels of students, this poster presents a novel framework to support students’ exploration and cultivation of their unique gerontological voice. Through this three-level scaffolded discovery, students across disciplines strengthen their awareness and understanding of their distinct voice and build confidence to activate around aging-related issues pertinent to their specific interests and passions. From personal to global, this guided introspective exercise provides an opportunity for students to focus and embed their voice into the larger tapestry of gerontology, an inclusive community rich with perspective and diversity. Encouraging the development of students is an essential part of building social capital which is instrumental to the creation of strong networks to serve older adults through a multitude of disciplines.
EVALUATING ITEM NONRESPONSE IN A LIFE HISTORY CALENDAR: AN ANALYSIS OF MEMORY EFFECTS
Authors: Hu Mengyao , Melipillán Roberto , Zhang Xinyu , Smith Jacqui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Memory decline contributes to response inaccuracy and can produce item missing data, especially in retrospective surveys with older adults. Event history calendars, or the life grid approaches, are commonly used to obtain retrospective life history data. As indicated in previous literature, this approach can assist respondents’ memory retrieval. Despite its wide use, the important issue of item nonresponse due to memory effects in life grid questions has received little attention. Autobiographical memory (AM) research has shown that there are two interconnected long-term memory systems: episodic memories of event details from specific remote times in an individual’s life; and semantic memories of the important facts and themes that define an individual’s life history. Episodic and semantic AM may introduce different levels of difficulty in retrieving memory and thus contribute to different levels of missing data. This study examines the effects of both item-level predictors (e.g., types of memories) and respondent-level predictors (e.g., cognitive status, age, and health status) on the likelihood of item missing data in life grid questions. We analyzed missing data in the 2017 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) Life History Mail Survey (n = 3,844), using multilevel logistic regression. The results revealed higher rates of item missing for episodic memories, and that overall respondents’ cognitive status was significantly associated with their likelihood of providing item missing data. Recent residential information was better recalled than childhood information. These results have implications for life course analysis of exposures linked to residential histories.
THE MEDIATING EFFECTS OF LIFESTYLES AND HEALTH CAPABILITIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGING AND LIFE SATISFACTION
Authors: Cho Dongwook 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The importance of life satisfaction has been getting significant attention as the older population has increased rapidly. There are many studies to examine the relationship between older adults’ past and current lifestyles and life satisfaction levels that resulted to be either positively or negatively associated with. It is also well documented in the literature that aging is negatively associated with life satisfaction level due to the decrease in health capabilities. However, little study has been researched the direct and indirect relationships among advancing age, lifestyles, health capabilities, and life satisfaction levels. The purpose of the study was to examine the mediating effects of lifestyles and health capabilities on the relationship between aging and older adults’ life satisfaction levels. A total of 290 older adults completed the self-administered questionnaire of lifestyles and life satisfaction levels and their health capability assessments were evaluated at three clinical research centers in the U.S. Multiple regression test was utilized to analyze the data. The results showed the direct effects of advancing age [B =1.196, t=2.608, p=.010] and engagement in exercise or physical activity [B=-2.684, t=-3.071, p=.002] on life satisfaction levels among older adults. However, there were no mediating effects of lifestyles and health assessments on the relationship between age difference and life satisfaction levels among older adults. The results suggest the advancing age itself would be the strongest factor in older adults’ life satisfaction. Additionally, the findings also suggest that exercise and physical activity can enhance older adults’ life satisfaction levels as a supplemental factor.
DEVELOPMENT OF A TAILORED EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM TO ASSESS FALL RISK AND PREVENT FALLS FOR DIVERSE OLDER ADULTS.
Authors: Thiamwong Ladda , Conner Norma E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Background: There is limited data on personal use fall prevention programs, and the relationship of race and ethnicity on fall risk awareness, personal beliefs, behavior change, and response to intervention. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop an educational program to prevent falls for ethnically diverse older adults. This program will be a culturally attuned program that values diversity and seeks to eliminate words and behaviors that might be discriminatory based on racial/ethnic or cultural identity. Methods: Three steps were used to develop the program: 1) constructing content domains; 2) generating the program draft; and 3) judging the program domain and content. The content domains were constructed based on data from a conventional content analysis of four focus groups from older participants (n=28) and their family caregivers (n=4), and individual in-depth interviews from health care providers (n=8). We generated the program outline with three response choices. Eight older participants and two health care providers rated it. Results: The program consisted of risk assessment, outreaching and raising awareness and knowledge. Risk assessment: all participants suggested that risk assessment should consists of objective and subjective measures. Outreaching: participants agreed that group-teaching and individual learning by peer coaching based on their culture, new blasts, brochures, and family-based approaches were the best outreaching methods that they preferred. They identified that raising awareness and knowledge should include the following topics: performing physical activity with fall risk awareness, medication management, visual care, behavioral adaptation with appropriate accessories /equipment, and environmental safety.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SCALE TO MEASURE CONTACT WITH OLDER ADULTS
Authors: Intrieri Robert C , Kurth Maria 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Allport (1954) hypothesized that intergroup contact would reduce prejudice that an in-group member would experience toward an out-group member. Allport held that positive effects of intergroup contact would occur when four conditions were met: (a) equal group status within the situation, (b) common goals, (c) intergroup cooperation, and (d) the support of authorities, law, or custom. Although contact with older adults is an important influence on attitudes toward older people, no psychometrically adequate measures of contact exist. Specifically, this study examined the factor structure of an instrument to measure contact with older adults. The convenience sample consisted of 188 women and 282 men (n = 470). Mean ages for men and women were 21.06 (SD = 2.28) and 20.88 (SD = 3.09), respectively (Mtotal = 20.99, SDtotal = 2.63). Participants were predominantly Caucasian (n=295, 62.6%), African American (n=67, 14.2%), Hispanic/Latino/a (n=63, 13.4%), and other minorities comprising the remaining 9.8%. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis showed the three factor model exhibited a reasonable fit to the data X2 (41, N = 471) = 281.81; p&lt;.0001, CFI =.954; TLI =.938; RMSEA =. 000 (90% CI, 0.100-0.124) SRMS = .054. Results and further adjustments to the model will be discussed.