bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of panoramic 344°-viewing in Crohn’s disease capsule endoscopy: a proof of concept pilot study with the novel PillCam™ Crohn’s system
Authors: Tontini Gian Eugenio , Rizzello Fernando , Cavallaro Flaminia , Bonitta Gianluca , Gelli Dania , Pastorelli Luca , Salice Marco , Vecchi Maurizio , Gionchetti Paolo , Calabrese Carlo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
A new capsule endoscopy (CE) system featuring two advanced optics for 344°-viewing and a prolonged operative time has been recently developed for Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. Hence, we evaluated, for the first time, the performance of this novel CE and the add-on value of the 344°-viewing in a multi-center real-life setting.

Methods
Consecutive patients with suspected or established CD received the PillCam™ Crohn’s System as supplementary diagnostic work-up focused on the small-bowel between June 2017 and June 2018. Technical and clinical data, including the panenteric CE diagnostic yield, the Lewis score and the impact of small-bowel findings on clinical management during a 6-months follow-up (new diagnosis, staging or treatment upgrade) were collected, thereby evaluating the added value of the 344° panoramic-view (lesions detected by camera A and B) over the standard 172°-view (lesions detected by one camera only).

Results
Among 41 patients (aged 43 ± 20 years), 73% underwent CE for suspected CD and 27% for established CD. The rate of complete enteroscopy was 90%. No technical failure or retention occurred. Compared to the standard 172° view, the panoramic 344°-view revealed a greater number of patients with a relevant lesion (56.1% vs. 39.0%; P = 0.023), resulting in higher Lewis score (222,8 vs. 185.7; P = 0.031), and improved clinical management (48.8% vs. 31.7%, P = 0.023).

Conclusions
The panoramic 344°-view increases small-bowel CE accuracy, thereby improving the clinical management of CD patients with mild small-bowel active disease. This system should be regarded as a new standard for both small-bowel diagnosis and monitoring in inflammatory bowel diseases.
Gallbladder tuberculosis in a dialysis patient: a case-report
Authors: Wolde Tewodross Getu , Jiang Kuirong , Miao Yi , Wei Jishu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The diagnosis of gallbladder tuberculosis remains elusive even to the most experienced clinicians. Our aim is to describe our experience of this rare disease, and to raise awareness of the increasing likelihood of tuberculosis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patient.

Case presentation
We report a rare case of gallbladder tuberculosis in a chronic kidney disease patient on hemodialysis. This combination is rarely reported in literature. No signs of abdominal tuberculosis were observed besides a clinical profile consistent with CKD in our patient. The clinical signs of uremia masks those of abdominal tuberculosis and render the pre-operative diagnosis of tuberculosis more difficult.

Conclusions
The clinical signs of uremia conceal those of abdominal tuberculosis. The diagnosis of tuberculosis in CKD patients hinges mainly on a high index of suspicion, perioperative findings and histological examination.
Deterioration of cognitive function after transient cerebral ischemia with amyloid-β infusion—possible amelioration of cognitive function by AT2 receptor activation
Authors: Min Li-Juan , Iwanami Jun , Shudou Masachika , Bai Hui-Yu , Shan Bao-Shuai , Higaki Akinori , Mogi Masaki , Horiuchi Masatsugu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
To promote understanding of the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment or dementia, we explored the potential interaction between transient cerebral ischemia and amyloid-β (Aβ) infusion in mediating cognitive decline and examined the possible ameliorative effect of angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptor activation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) on this cognitive deficit.

Methods
Adult male wild-type mice (WT) and mice with VSMC-specific AT2 receptor overexpression (smAT2) were subjected to intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Aβ1-40. Transient cerebral ischemia was induced by 15 min of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) 24 h after Aβ injection.

Results
Aβ injection in WT induced a cognitive decline, whereas BCCAO did not cause a significant cognitive deficit. In contrast, WT with BCCAO following Aβ injection exhibited more marked cognitive decline compared to Aβ injection alone, in concert with increases in superoxide anion production, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity, and expression of p22phox, p40phox, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and interleukin (IL)-1β in the hippocampus, and upregulation of RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end product), an Aβ transporter. BCCAO following Aβ injection further enhanced neuronal pyknosis in the hippocampus, compared with BCCAO or Aβ injection alone. In contrast, smAT2 did not show a cognitive decline, increase in oxidative stress, inflammation, and RAGE level or neuronal pyknosis, which were induced by BCCAO with/without Aβ injection in WT.

Conclusions
Transient cerebral ischemia might worsen Aβ infusion-mediated cognitive decline and vice versa, with possible involvement of amplified oxidative stress and inflammation and impairment of the RAGE-mediated Aβ clearance system, contributing to exaggerated neuronal degeneration. AT2 receptor activation in VSMC could play an inhibitory role in this cognitive deficit.
Occurrence of pendelluft under pressure support ventilation in patients who failed a spontaneous breathing trial: an observational study
Authors: Coppadoro Andrea , Grassi Alice , Giovannoni Cecilia , Rabboni Francesca , Eronia Nilde , Bronco Alfio , Foti Giuseppe , Fumagalli Roberto , Bellani Giacomo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Pendelluft, the movement of gas within different lung regions, is present in animal models of assisted mechanical ventilation and associated with lung overstretching. Due to rebreathing of CO2 as compared to fresh gas, pendelluft might reduce ventilatory efficiency possibly exacerbating patient’s respiratory workload during weaning. Our aim was to measure pendelluft by electrical impedance tomography (EIT) in patients who failed a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT).

Methods
This is an observational study conducted in a general intensive care unit of a tertiary-level teaching hospital. EIT signal was recorded in 20 patients while pressure support (PS) ventilation was progressively reduced from clinical level (baseline) to 2 cmH2O, as in an SBT; four ventral-to-dorsal lung regions of interest were identified for pendelluft measurement. A regional gas movement (> 6 mL) occurring in a direction opposite to the global EIT signal was considered diagnostic for high pendelluft.

Results
Eight patients out of 20 (40%) were classified as high-pendelluft; baseline clinical characteristics did not differ between high- and low-pendelluft patients. At PS reduction, pendelluft and EtCO2 increased more in the high-pendelluft group (p < .001 and .011, respectively). The volume of gas subject to pendelluft moved almost completely from the ventral towards the dorsal lung regions, while the opposite movement was minimal (16.3 [10:32.8] vs. 0 [0:1.8] mL, p = .001). In a subgroup of patients, increased pendelluft volumes positively correlated with markers of respiratory distress such as increased respiratory rate, p0.1, and EtCO2.

Conclusions
Occult pendelluft can be measured by EIT, and is frequently present in patients failing an SBT. When present, pendelluft increases with the reduction of ventilator support and is associated with increased EtCO2, suggesting a reduction of the ability to eliminate CO2.
Knowledge and Self-use of Medicinal Plants by Health University Students in Brasília-Brazil
Authors: de Leão e Neves Eduardo Anna Maly , Pinheiro Guilherme Junio , Campos Caldas Rosa Erica Carine , Rodrigues Machado Eleuza , Fonseca Welker Alexis 
Published: April 2020

Background: This article reports an experiment based on the measurement of the academic about the use of medicinal plants is increasing, this article aims to analyze the behavior of future health professionals regarding the use of medicinal plants, since they will be responsible for the orientation and education of patients and the population. Methods: The present study involved 50 students of the academic health care Anhanguera College of Brasilia (Biological Sciences, Biomedicine, Nursing and Pharmacy), selected randomly. Questions about the use of medicinal plants were made and 96% confirmed having used medicinal plants. We used the Descriptive statistic to compare the answers. Results: Most academics reported self-consumption of medicinal plants, with a positive result after use (*p<0.001). The most used medicinal plants were, in addition to the mixture of herbs, boldo and Mexican tea, for the treatment of stomach pains, headaches, coughs, and colds. Self-usage was mainly due to the recommendation of a family member and most of their knowledge of herbal medicine come from non-evidence based sources. The prevalence of plant use was higher among females(84%) in all undergraduate courses observed when purchased as males (22%). Conclusions: The consumption of medicinal plants among academics is high, but it is within the literature. However, as the study was conducted among health professionals, they were expected to have greater knowledge of the adverse effects and on the plant to be used.
Asset Management and Financial Conglomerates: Attention Through Stellar Funds
Authors: Zambrana Rafael 
Published: April 2020

This paper provides evidence that stock returns of a financial conglomerate are affected by how successful certain funds of its asset-management division are. The results indicate a spillover effect between management companies with top-performing funds and the stocks of the parent firm. I find that the presence of star funds affects stock returns in ways consistent with investor attention, suggesting that the boost in returns is due not only to an increase in fee revenues accruing to the funds but also to an increase in firm visibility. Additional analyses suggest that managers tend to opportunistically adjust the odds of having star funds to exploit the return effect. These findings suggest that financial institutions can benefit from operating an asset-management unit as they create a brand reputation and benefit from spillover effects. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.
We Have Always Been Biased
Authors: Donnelly Kevin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper aims to provide a historical context in which to appreciate the shared problems faced by social and computer scientists in using and creating biometric data. While historians of science are well aware of the trials (and errors) of previous attempts to quantify the human condition, this literature has not always made it into discussions of modern biometrics. Indeed, manuals for what are now called the computational social sciences often imagine that data mining and statistical averages are new, and that “Big Data” has only existed for the past decade. Such historical amnesia has led, this paper argues, to problems of modern bias emerging in the literature as a technical issue rather than a full-fledged conceptual barrier with long roots. Seen only in the light of present politics and practical concerns, I argue that these problems will remain intractable.
Biometric Algorithms as Border Infrastructures
Authors: Grondin David 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Looking at the work performed by infrastructures when they become part and parcel of the security governance, in this paper, I contend that a closer look must be paid to the infrastructural context of emergence and possibility of algorithms applied in “smart border technologies”. I focus on the explanatory and productive power of an analytical concept derived from the practice: the “security/mobility nexus”, which refers to the stitching of security to mobility to make governance possible. I illustrate how through the security/mobility nexus the Canadian State has capitalized on the promises of infrastructures–such as biometric algorithms–to innovate and deploy the affordance power of the digital to connect people’s data to spaces and physical sites. To analytically reflect on how it comes to mediate bodies as a “border infrastructure” with the security/mobility nexus, I first focus on the algorithmic mediation before turning to the biometric imaginary and its limits.
Manuel DeLanda
Authors: Enns Clint 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Edited by John Klacsmann and Andrew Lampert (New York: Anthology Film Archives and J&L Books, 2018), 152 pages.
Review of Manuel DeLanda: ISM ISM edited by John Klacsmann and Andrew Lampert. The book consists of a photo series, a short essay and an interview with DeLanda. Through the review, I demonstrate some of the ways in which DeLanda’s film ISM ISM, documented in the book as a photo series, form part of the foundations of his later philosophical explorations.
The Sunshine of Human Rights: Hubert Humphrey at the 1948 Democratic Convention
Authors: Murphy John M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMayor Hubert Humphrey’s “Sunshine of Human Rights” address, delivered to the 1948 Democratic Convention, is universally acknowledged to be a great speech. Historians and biographers credit it as the major reason why the party adopted a strong civil rights plank and committed itself to the struggle from that point forward. Yet rhetorical critics have generally ignored the speech. In this essay, I argue the rhetorical force of the address is best explained through the concept of copia, or an abundant style. Humphrey’s rhetorical extravagance, in turn, suggests that critics ought to develop a new appreciation for this ancient rhetorical concept.
A brief visit to the BeCl2/ZnCl2 system and the prediction of a new polymorph of ZnCl2
Authors: Deubner H. Lars , Bandemehr Jascha , Karttunen Antti J. , Kraus Florian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Reactions of zinc chloride with beryllium chloride in the molar ratios of 1:1 and 3:2 at T = 300°C in sealed ampoules lead to the formation of the two compounds Be1−

x
Zn
x
Cl2 (x = 0.563(2) and 0.489(3), respectively). Their composition and crystal structures were evidenced by single crystal X-ray structure analysis. Both compounds crystallize isotypic to β-BeCl2 in the tetragonal space group I41/acd, No. 142, tI96, with a = 10.7548(1), c = 19.4656(5) Å, V = 2251.50(7) Å3, Z = 32 at T = 100 K for the first and a = 10.7511(3), c = 19.2335(10) Å, V = 2223.1(2) Å3, Z = 32 at T = 100 K for the second compound. The positions of the Be atoms are mixed-occupied by Zn atoms. The compounds were additionally characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Plots according to Vegard’s law allowed for extrapolation towards a neat ZnCl2 phase that would crystallize in the β-BeCl2 structure, which is the ZnI2 structure type. Quantum chemical calculations have confirmed that such a ZnCl2 modification would represent a true local minimum.
БІОГРАФІЧНИЙ МЕТОД У ДОСЛІДЖЕННІ ПРОБЛЕМНОЇ ХАРЧОВОЇ ПОВЕДІНКИ
Authors: Шебанова Віталія , Яблонська Тетяна 
Published: April 2020

Метою статті є аналіз застосування біографічного методу у дослідженні формування проблемної харчової поведінки.
Дослідження здійснювалося за допомогою методики тематичного ретроспективного аналізу МТРА-їжа, що є варіантом біографічного методу (Шебанова, 2016). Дані було опрацьовано за допомогою контент-аналізу, застосовувався φ-критерій Фішера для порівняння відмінностей між групами досліджуваних.
Підтверджено ефективність біографічного методу в дослідженні проблемної харчової поведінки. В результаті дослідження уточнено особливості становлення харчової поведінки та її розладів. З’ясовано, що різноманітні форми харчового насильства, прямі й непрямі способи примусу до харчової активності або її блокування проявляються в ігноруванні дорослими смакових уподобань дитини, її бажання та готовності приймати їжу. Встановлено, що найчастіше батьки застосовували маніпулятивні техніки для впливу на харчову поведінку дітей (заохочення, спонукання, обіцянки винагороди, схвалення, визнання, застереження, переключення уваги), прямі засоби впливу – прийоми примусу (заборона, обмеження, відторгнення, деструк­тивна критика, залякування, позбавлення різноманітних форм задоволення). Статистично підтверджено, що застосування батьками засобів маніпуляції та/або прямого примусу щодо дитини в ситуації приймання їжі зумовлює формування патологічних процесів тілесності, специфічних настанов і психологічних механізмів, які є предумовою харчових розладів
La política internacional de los gobiernos de Colombia y Venezuela y su impacto en el desarrollo económico
Authors: Ram Pilar Eugenia 
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo de reflexión tiene como fin tratar el impacto económico que ha tenido la política internacional de Venezuela y Colombia durante los últimos años, así mismo se expondrán sus causas y consecuencias, ya que esto ha afectado la economía de los dos países latinoamericanos. Por lo anterior es importante reconocer que los conflictos políticos alejan a los pueblos, ocasionan crisis económicas y fomentan aptitudes de guerra entre las vecindades hermanas; hecho que se debe combatir desde la perspectiva pacifista y de apoyo mutuo, implementando estrategias entre los dos países, requiriendo para ello de un tratamiento especial basado en unas relaciones bilaterales de cooperación, diálogo y acuerdos.

AbstractThe present article of reflection has as end treat the economic impact that has had the international politics of Venezuela and Colombia during the last years, likewise his reasons and consequences will be exposed; since this has affected the economy of both Latin-American countries. For the previous thing it is important to admit that the political conflicts remove the villages, they cause economic crises and promote aptitudes of war between the vicinities you relate; fact that pacifist must fight from the perspective and of mutual support, implementing strategies between both countries, needing for it of a special treatment based on a few bilateral relations of cooperation, dialog and agreements.
Sanción a los negocios jurídicos en colombia: restitución vs indemnización
Authors: Sayas Contreras Rafaela , Mar Katleen 
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo de reflexión analiza el actual contexto del Derecho Privado colombiano, en razón a la evolución de las negociaciones, donde se evidencian situaciones que escapan a lo normativo, como consecuencia de la antigüedad del Código Civil. Una de ellas, está en el Art. 1746 del Código en mención, que regula los efectos de la nulidad como sanción a los negocios jurídicos. En él, se plantea como consecuencia principal de la nulidad, la retrotracción del contrato, mediante un régimen de restituciones mutuas; además dispone lo relacionado con las mejoras y abonos hechos a la cosa objeto del negocio jurídico, pero no establece una directriz para el caso de la reparación de perjuicios derivados de la declaratoria de nulidad del negocio jurídico, al contratante que haya actuado de buena fe. Es precisamente por esta razón que el propósito de esta investigación es determinar si el texto del Art. 1746 del Código Civil es una herramienta eficaz para los contratantes que sufran algún tipo de perjuicio derivado de la nulidad o si por el contrario esto supone la necesidad de iniciar un nuevo proceso para reclamar esos perjuicios y elaborar una nueva propuesta normativa del artículo acorde con el contexto.

AbstractThe present article of reflection analyzes the current context of the private Colombian right, in reason to the evolution of the negotiations, where there are demonstrated situations that escape to the normative thing, as consequence of the antiquity of the Civil Code. One of them, it is in the Art. 1746 of the Code in mention, which regulates the effects of the nullity as sanction to the juridical business. In, it appears as principal consequence of the nullity, the retrotracción of the contract, by means of a regime of mutual restitutions, in addition he arranges the related thing to the improvements and credits done to the thing. I object of the juridical business, but it does not establish a directive for the case of the repair of prejudices derived from the declaration of nullity of the juridical business, to the contractor who has acted of good. It is precisely for this reason that the intention of this investigation is to determine if the text of the art. 1746 of the Civil Code is an effective tool for the contractors who suffer some type of prejudice derived from the nullity or if on the contrary this supposes the need to initiate a new process to claim these prejudices and to elaborate a new normative offer of the article according to the context.
Validation of the AUDIT Scale and Factors Associated with Alcohol Use Disorder in Adolescents: Results of a National Lebanese Study
Authors: Hallit Jennifer , Salameh Pascale , Haddad Chadia , Sacre Hala , Soufia Michel , Akel Marwan , Obeid Sahar , Hallit Rabih , Hallit Souheil 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

This study objective was to evaluate the prevalence of AUD and related factors (smoking, internet addiction, social anxiety, child abuse, and bullying) among a representative sample of Lebanese adolescents, and to validate and confirm psychometric properties of the AUDIT scale.

Methods

A cross-sectional study, conducted between January and May 2019, enrolled 1810 adolescents aged between 14 and 17. Alcohol dependence was defined as a high AUDIT score (≥8; score range 0-40). A principal component analysis technique to confirm the validity of the construct of the AUDIT scale score was done and a confirmatory analysis to assess the structure of the instrument was conducted.

Results

The mean AUDIT score was 6.46 ± 8.44 and high risk of hazardous alcohol drinking was found in 507 (28.0%) adolescents [95% CI 0.259-0.301]. One factor solution of the AUDIT scale was found after running the factor analysis (α Cronbach =0.978). Higher cigarette (Beta=0.372; p<0.001) and waterpipe (Beta=0.319; p<0.001) dependence, higher child sexual (Beta=0.581; p<0.001) and neglect (Beta=0.106; p<0.001) abuse, higher internet addiction (Beta=0.088; p<0.001), separated parents compared to living together (Beta=3.202; p<0.001) and higher bullying victimization (Beta=0.143; p<0.001) were significantly associated with higher AUDIT scores.

Conclusion

Alcohol dependence among Lebanese adolescents seems to be influenced by several risk factors, such as cigarette and waterpipe dependence, parents’ divorce, higher internet addiction, bullying victimization, and childhood sexual abuse and neglect. Parents and healthcare professionals could use this data for early interventions.