bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium hydrogen exchanger 9 NHE9 (SLC9A9) and its emerging roles in neuropsychiatric comorbidity
Authors: Patak Jameson , Faraone Stephen V. , Zhang‐James Yanli 
Published: May 2020

AbstractVariations in SLC9A9 gene expression and protein function are associated with multiple human diseases, which range from Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to glioblastoma multiforme. In an effort to determine the full spectrum of human disease associations with SLC9A9, we performed a systematic review of the literature. We also review SLC9A9's biochemistry, protein structure, and function, as well as its interacting partners with the goal of identifying mechanisms of disease and druggable targets. We report gaps in the literature regarding the genes function along with consistent trends in disease associations that can be used to further research into treating the respective diseases. We report that SLC9A9 has strong associations with neuropsychiatric diseases and various cancers. Interestingly, we find strong overlap in SLC9A9 disease associations and propose a novel role for SLC9A9 in neuropsychiatric comorbidity. In conclusion, SLC9A9 is a multifunctional protein that, through both its endosome regulatory function and its protein–protein interaction network, has the ability to modulate signaling axes, such as the PI3K pathway, among others.
In vivo measurement of widespread synaptic loss in Alzheimer's disease with SV2A PET
Authors: Mecca Adam P. , Chen Ming‐Kai , O'Dell Ryan S. , Naganawa Mika , Toyonaga Takuya , Godek Tyler A. , Harris Joanna E. , Bartlett Hugh H. , Zhao Wenzhen , Nabulsi Nabeel B. , Wyk Brent C. Vander , Varma Pradeep , Arnsten Amy F. T. , Huang Yiyun , Carson Richard E. , van Dyck Christopher H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionSynaptic loss is a robust and consistent pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the major structural correlate of cognitive impairment. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) has emerged as a promising biomarker of synaptic density.MethodsWe measured SV2A binding in 34 participants with early AD and 19 cognitively normal (CN) participants using [11C]UCB‐J PET and a cerebellar reference region for calculation of the distribution volume ratio.ResultsWe observed widespread reductions of SV2A binding in medial temporal and neocortical brain regions in early AD compared to CN participants. These reductions were largely maintained after correction for volume loss and were more extensive than decreases in gray matter volume.ConclusionWe were able to measure widespread synaptic loss due to AD using [11C]UCB‐J PET. Future studies will continue to evaluate the utility of SV2A PET for tracking AD progression and for monitoring potential therapies.
Measurement and characterization of distinctive clinical phenotypes using the Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Module (FTLD‐MOD)
Authors: Gefen Tamar , Teylan Merilee A. , Besser Lilah , Pollner Emma , Moshkovich Anna , Weintraub Sandra 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Module (FTLD‐MOD) was designed as a research neuropsychological battery to evaluate clinical symptoms associated with FTLD. This study investigated whether the FTLD‐MOD could differentiate between primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), two distinct FTLD‐related syndromes.MethodsRetrospective analysis was conducted on data collected from the initial visit of 165 subjects with PPA, 268 with bvFTD, and 251 cognitively normal controls from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. Generalized linear models were used to compare group performance patterns on FTLD‐MOD tasks of language, behavior, and memory.ResultsPPA participants showed significantly poorer performances on all language tasks whereas bvFTD participants demonstrated poorer performances on most behavioral measures. There were no differences in memory performances. Descriptive data on participant groups are provided for reference.DiscussionFindings from this multi‐center sample suggest that the FTLD‐MOD can differentiate between distinctive clinical phenotypes commonly associated with FTLD.
Viscoelastic and thermal properties of naturalrubber low‐density polyethylene composites with boric acid and borax
Authors: Abdulrahman Sajith Thottathil , Ahmad Zakiah , Thomas Sabu , Maria Hanna J. , Rahman Azerai Ali 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe influence of boric acid (BA) and borax (BO) neutron‐absorbing fillers on thermal stability and viscoelastic behavior of natural rubber (NR) low‐density polyethylene composites has been studied. The thermal degradation and dynamic mechanical properties of the composites have been analyzed as a function of temperature. The results revealed the enhancement of thermal stability of the composites by the addition of BA and BO fillers. The flame resistance of the material was improved by the addition of both the fillers. The storage modulus was found to be dependent upon the temperature and nature of the filler. The amount of NR chains immobilized by filler particles has been quantified from dynamic mechanical analysis and secondary filler/filler interactions have been verified by the Payne effect analysis. Finally, the experimental results have been compared with theoretical predictions.
Development and optimization of N‐acetylneuraminic acid biosensors in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Cao Yanting , Liu Yanfeng , Liu Long , Li Jianghua , Du Guocheng , Chen Jian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTranscriptional factor (TF)‐based metabolite‐responsive biosensors are important tools for screening engineered enzymes with desired properties and for the dynamic regulation of biosynthetic pathways. However, TF‐based biosensor construction is often constrained by undesired effects of TF‐binding site sequence insertion on gene expression and unpredictable optimal TF expression levels. In the present study, a stepwise TF‐based biosensor construction approach was developed using an N‐acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) biosensor for Bacillus subtilis, as a case study. Specifically, 12 promoters with various strengths were selected as the first promoter library. Next, binding site sequences for the NanR were inserted into various positions of the selected promoter sequences to develop the second promoter library, resulting in 6 engineered promoters containing TF‐binding site sequences (NanO), without major effects on promoter strength. NanR expression cassettes with different expression levels were further integrated to construct the biosensor library, yielding 9 NeuAc biosensors with efficient repression in the absence of NeuAc. Finally, biosensor activation was characterized by testing fold changes in expression levels of the green fluorescent protein reporter in the presence of NeuAc in vivo, which revealed 61‐fold activation when NeuAc was present. The NeuAc biosensor developed in this study can be used for screening engineered enzymes for enhanced NeuAc biosynthesis in B. subtilis.
Towards a digital twin: a hybrid data‐driven and mechanistic digital shadow to forecast the evolution of lignocellulosic fermentation
Authors: Lopez Pau Cabaneros , Udugama Isuru A. , Thomsen Sune T. , Roslander Christian , Junicke Helena , Mauricio‐Iglesias Miguel , Gernaey Krist V. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe high substrate variability and complexity of fermentation media derived from lignocellulosic feedstock affects the concentration profiles and the length of the fermentation. Failing to account for such variability raises operational and scheduling issues and affects the overall performance of these processes. In this work, a hybrid soft sensor was developed to monitor and forecast the evolution of cellulose‐to‐ethanol fermentation. The soft sensor consisted of two modules (a data‐driven model and a kinetic model) connected sequentially. The data‐driven module used a partial‐least‐squares model to estimate the current state of glucose from spectroscopic data. The kinetic model was recursively fitted to known concentrations of glucose to update the long‐horizon predictions of glucose, xylose, and ethanol. This combination of real‐time data update from an actual fermentation process to a high‐fidelity kinetic model constitutes the basis of the digital twin concept and allows for a better real‐time understanding of complex inhibition phenomena caused by different inhibitors commonly found in lignocellulosic feedstocks. The soft sensor was experimentally validated with three different cellulose‐to‐ethanol fermentations and the results suggested that this method is suitable for monitoring and forecasting fermentation when the measurements provide reasonably good estimates of the real state of the system. These results would allow the flexibility of the operation of cellulosic processes to be increased, and would permit the scheduling to be adapted to the inherent variability of such substrates © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zur Berücksichtigung hypothetischer Opferzahlen in Lebenszykluskostenberechnungen von Brücken
Authors: Proske Dirk 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIm Rahmen der Risiko‐ und Lebenszykluskostenbewertungen von Brücken treten neben der Einsturzwahrscheinlichkeit auch Schadensfolgen als Eingangsgrößen auf. Eine der bedeutendsten Schadensfolgen von Brückeneinstürzen sind Todesopfer. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags werden zunächst bekannte Verfahren vorgestellt, um die sich daraus ergebenden Schadenskosten bzw. die hypothetische Anzahl von Todesopfern abschätzen. Im nächsten Schritt wird ein neues Verfahren entwickelt, welches den aktuellen Stand der Wissenschaft bezüglich der Brückeneinsturzursachen nutzt. Mit diesem Verfahren kann die hypothetische Anzahl der Opfer abhängig von den jeweiligen Verhältnissen an der Brücke bzw. vom Brückentyp geschätzt werden.
Something old, something new: Teaching the BMB lab
Authors: Craig Paul A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLab courses are a significant component of biochemistry and molecular biology (BMB) education. In teaching the labs, we combine established techniques with novel approaches. Lab formats have also moved from traditional cookbook style labs to guided inquiry to course‐based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs), where faculty bring their own research interests into the course setting with a larger number of students in a much more restricted time frame. This presentation is designed to explore some of these ideas and challenge the reader to introduce research opportunities to all students, not just the smaller group of students in their research labs.
Hyaluronic acid–doxorubicin nanoparticles for targeted treatment of colorectal cancer
Authors: Pan Daniel C. , Krishnan Vinu , Salinas Alyssa K. , Kim Jayoung , Sun Tao , Ravid Sagi , Peng Kevin , Wu Debra , Nurunnabi Md , Nelson Jeffery A. , Niziolek Zachary , Guo Junling , Mitragotri Samir 
Published: May 2020

AbstractColorectal cancer, common in both men and women, occurs when tumors form in the linings of the colon. Common treatments of colorectal cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy; however, many colorectal cancer treatments often damage healthy tissues and cells, inducing severe side effects. Conventional chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin (Dox) can be potentially used for the treatment of colorectal cancer; however, they suffer from limited targeting and lack of selectivity. Here, we report that doxorubicin complexed to hyaluronic acid (HA) (HA‐Dox) exhibits an unusual behavior of high accumulation in the intestines for at least 24 hr when injected intravenously. Intravenous administrations of HA‐Dox effectively preserved the mucosal epithelial intestinal integrity in a chemical induced colon cancer model in mice. Moreover, treatment with HA‐Dox decreased the expression of intestinal apoptotic and inflammatory markers. The results suggest that HA‐Dox could effectively inhibit the development of colorectal cancer in a safe manner, which potentially be used a promising therapeutic option.
A‐kinase‐interacting protein 1 promotes EMT and metastasis via PI3K/Akt/IKKβ pathway in cervical cancer
Authors: Zhang Xiujuan , Liu Shuxian , Zhu Yongqing 
Published: May 2020

Overexpression of A‐kinase‐interacting protein 1 (AKIP1) has been reported in prostate and breast cancers. Nevertheless, the clinical potential of AKIP1 during the development of cervical cancer (CC) remains unclear. A series of experiments involving BdU, colony formation, wound healing and cell invasion assays were performed to determine cell proliferation, migration and invasion, respectively. Gene expression changes were validated by qRT‐PCR, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. We found that AKIP1 expression is increased in CC cell lines and tissue specimens from CC patients. The elevated AKIP1 expression in primary tumours was related to lymph node metastasis in CC patients. In addition, we observed that overexpression of AKIP1 promotes CC cell proliferation. Enhanced expression of AKIP1 facilitated the migration and invasion of CC cells by inducing NF‐κB‐dependent epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, mechanistic investigations revealed that AKIP1 induced nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of the p65 NF‐κB subunit through the PI3K/Akt/IKKβ pathway. Conversely, enhanced expression of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) inhibited this signalling pathway and restored an epithelial phenotype to CC cells in the presence of overexpressed AKIP1. Our results indicate that AKIP1 promotes the EMT and metastasis in CC by activating NF‐κB signalling through the PI3K/Akt/IKKβ pathway, suggesting that AKIP1 could be a pivotal regulator of an EMT axis in CC.Significance of the studyAKIP1 expression in the samples of CC patients and in in vitro tumour cell lines provides evidence that expression of AKIP1 in CC contributes to cancer progression. Our findings indicate that AKIP1 promotes the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and metastasis in CC by activating NF‐κB signalling through the PI3K/Akt/IKKβ pathway, suggesting that AKIP1 is a pivotal regulator of an EMT axis in CC. AKIP1 could be implicated as a potential therapeutic target as well as a valuable biomarker for evaluating prognosis for patients with CC.
Treatment of Arsenite‐Contaminated Water by Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes
Authors: Nidheesh P. V. , Syam Babu D. , Dasgupta Baishakhi , Behara Priyanka , Ramasamy Boopathy , Suresh Kumar M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractArsenite removal from aqueous medium is quite challenging as most of the conventional methods fail to exhibit arsenite removal completely. The present article examines the possibility of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes to remove arsenite from water medium. Anodic oxidation and electro‐Fenton processes failed to remove generated arsenate in the system but found effective to oxidize arsenite completely from its initial concentrations of 1 mg/L and 10 mg/L. Arsenite oxidation is mainly due to in‐situ generated hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals for anodic oxidation and electro‐Fenton processes. However, peroxicoagulation process was found effective for the oxidation of arsenite as well as removal of arsenic in water. Complete removal of arsenic was observed within 30 min of electrolysis time for pH range in between 3 to 11. Overall, peroxicoagulation is an effective way to remove arsenic from aqueous solution.
Transformational leadership, group affective tone, and group member social inferences: A leadership complementarity perspective
Authors: Bruning Patrick F. , Turner Nick , Lin Hsin‐Chen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe investigated how the complementarity between transformational leadership behaviours and group potency predicts changes in group affective tone and subsequent group members' social inferences (job satisfaction, trust in supervisors, and turnover intentions). We analyzed two waves of data from 135 skilled professionals working in 29 groups within a Canadian government agency. Transformational leadership behaviours did not directly relate to changes in group affective tone. However, group potency moderated the relationship between transformational leadership behaviours and group affective tone, as well as the indirect relationships between transformational leadership behaviours and group members' social inferences via group affective tone, such that the relationships were stronger for low‐potency groups. These results suggest transformational leadership may work best when complementing a group's sense of its own perceived capability.
The Synthesis and Anti‐tumour Properties of Poly Ethoxy Ethyl Glycinamide (PEE−G) Scaffolds with Multiple PD‐1 Peptides Attached
Authors: Shrestha Rinu , Petley Emma V. , Farrand Kathryn J. , Jamieson Sam A. , Jiao Wanting , Teesdale‐Spittle Paul H. , Mace Peter D. , Hermans Ian F. , Rendle Phillip M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMultivalent structures can provide multiple interactions at a target site and improve binding affinity. The multivalent presentation of the anti‐tumour heptapeptide, SNTSESF, was investigated. This peptide's activity has been attributed to blockade of the PD‐1 receptor‐mediated signalling pathway. Two and four peptide units were conjugated to poly ethoxy ethyl glycinamide (PEE−G) scaffolds to prepare high‐purity products. These conjugates and the peptide were examined in a mouse model implanted with GL261 tumours that indicated that presenting more than two copies of peptide SNTSESF on the dendritic scaffold does not increase anti‐tumour activity per peptide. The fluorescent labelled peptide and most active multivalent peptide conjugate were therefore screened for their interaction with the human PD−L1 protein in a fluorescence polarisation assay. No indication of a specific SNTSESF peptide/PD−L1 interaction was observed. This finding was further supported by a molecular modelling binding study.
Identification of variant α‐kafirin alleles associated with protein digestibility in grain sorghum
Authors: Duressa Dechassa , Bean Scott , Amand Paul St. , Tesso Tesfaye 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOwing to its unique adaptation to challenging environments, sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] remains a vital food security crop for millions of smallholder communities in sub‐Saharan Africa. Elsewhere, the crop is used as an important feed ingredient. One key constraint undermining food and feed value of sorghum is reduced protein digestibility, which has been attributed to numerous causes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of DNA sequence variations in genes coding for sorghum seed storage proteins (kafirins) on protein digestibility of sorghum grain. The entire kafirin gene family of 27 genes and six cysteine proteinase inhibitor genes were amplified from genetically diverse high‐ and low‐digestible sorghum genotypes in order to capture allelic variants that may be responsible for differences in digestibility. A pooled DNA library was prepared and deeply sequenced using the Ion Torrent DNA sequencing system. Variant alleles were called by mapping sequencing reads to the reference sorghum genome and tested for association with sorghum protein digestibility using quantitative (linear model regression) and qualitative (Chi‐square test) statistical analyses. Four α‐kafirin alleles, all located on chromosome 5, were strongly associated with protein digestibility. Three of the alleles were linked to high digestibility and one to low digestibility. These variants overlap with the genes,Sobic.005G185600,Sobic.005G188800,Sobic.005G189000(high digestibility alleles),and Sobic.005G192801(low digestibility allele). In silico predictive analysis showed the variants cause missense change in the amino acid sequences of the corresponding proteins. Molecular markers linked to these variant alleles may serve as breeding tools for genetic improvement of protein digestibility in sorghum.
Integration of Oxygen‐Vacancy‐Rich NiFe‐Layered Double Hydroxide onto Silicon as Photoanode for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Chen Cong , Lu Yao , Fan Ronglei , Shen Mingrong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has the potential to efficiently convert intermittent solar energy into storable hydrogen fuel. However, poor charge separation and transfer ability as well as sluggish surface oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics of the photoelectrode severely hinder the advance in PEC performance. Herein, a facile electrodeposition method was used to integrate Mo‐doped NiFe‐layered double hydroxide onto a NiOx/Ni‐protected Si photoanode for enhanced PEC water oxidation. Mo doping contributed to an increased amount of oxygen vacancies, whereas a dynamic surface self‐reconstruction was induced by Mo leaching under PEC OER conditions. This led to enhanced PEC performance with an onset potential of 0.87 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), a photocurrent density of 39.3 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE, a fill factor of 0.38, and a solar‐to‐oxygen conversion efficiency of 5.3 %, along with a stability of 130 h continuous PEC reaction. The performance was superior to that of the undoped NiFe‐LDH/NiOx/Ni/Si (4.3 %), which was attributed to the elevated interface charge separation, fast charge transfer, and accelerated OER kinetics.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of the gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach
Authors: Val‐Bernal José‐Fernando , Yllera Elena , Moris María , Nallib Ihab Abdulkader , Vázquez‐Boquete Angel , Martino María 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to evaluate the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology (EUS‐FNAC) in the diagnosis of the gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).MethodsWe retrospectively investigated the efficacy and accuracy of EUS‐FNAC in the diagnosis of gastric GIST. Cytological smears and cytoblock sections including immunohistochemistry and mutational studies from patients diagnosed as gastric GISTs were retrieved.ResultsThirty patients (mean age 68.8 years, range 32‐88 years, Male:Female 1:1.7) were diagnosed by cytological and cytoblock study to have GIST. The size of tumors ranged from 1.6 to 25 cm (mean 6.0 cm). 7 (23%) cases were incidentally discovered. Location was: gastric body 13 (43.3%), fundus 8 (26.7%), antrum 7 (23.3%), cardia 2 (6.7%). The study of removed tumors was correlated with the cytological findings. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were 75%, 100%, 100%, 46%, and 96%. There were no false‐positive cases. The preoperative risk assessment of 27 cases with cytoblock were: none 3 (11.1%), very low 8 (29.6%), low 12 (44.4%), high 3 (11.1%), insufficient clinical data 1 (3.7%). The follow‐up varied from 2 to 120 months (mean 46.7 months). Only 1 patient of the high‐risk group died. The most frequent mutations found were those of c‐KIT in exon 11.ConclusionsPathological diagnosis was based on a combination of cytological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features. EUS‐FNAC is a reliable, accurate, and safe method for the diagnosis of GIST. The cytoblock allows tumor risk classification and mutational study of the cases.