bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Cisatracurium Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics among Patients with Severe Aortic Regurgitation during Anesthetic Induction
Authors: Huang Xiaocong , Chen Lei , Cai Yujing , Wei Jinfeng , Lin Lina , Sun Jie , Peng Xuemei , Wang Sheng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background This study was designed to examine whether severe aortic regurgitation will affect the pharmacodynamics (PD) and pharmacokinetics (PK) of cisatracurium during anesthetic induction.
Method s A total of 32 patients were divided into two groups: the AR group (n=16) and the control group (n=16). Arterial blood samples were drawn before and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 16 and 20 minutes after intravenous injection of 0.15mg/kg cisatracurium. TOF tests were applied to determine the onset time of maximal muscle relaxation. The concentration of cisatracurium in plasma was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Results The onset time to maximal neuromuscular block was prolonged from 2.07±0.08 minutes to 4.03±0.14 minutes, which indicated that the PD responses to cisatracurium were significantly delayed in the AR group (P<0.05) compared to the control group.
A conventional two-compartment PK model showed a higher plasma concentration of cisatracurium among the AR group with markedly reduced intercompartment transfer rate (K 12 = 0.19±0.02 and K 21 = 0.11±0.01 in the AR group vs. K 12= 0.26±0.01 and K 21 = 0.19±0.01 in the control group, P<0.01) compared to the control group.
Conclusion Backward blood flow during diastole in severe AR impaired distribution of cisatracurium from the central compartment to the peripheral compartment, which accounted for the lagged PD responses.
Findings in this study underlie the importance of neuromuscular blockade monitoring among patients with severe aortic regurgitation during anesthetic induction.
People with lived experience at the centre of Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: A model for guideline developers
Authors: Lindsay Patrice , Gierman Natalie , Harris Jocelyn E. , Arthur Gavin , Teed Moira E. , Mountain Anita , Gubitz Gordon , Smith Eric E. , Dowlatshahi Dar , de Jong Andrea , Botly Leigh C.P. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Genome-wide association studies for methane emission and ruminal volatile fatty acids using Holstein cattle sequence data
Authors: Sarghale Ali Jalil , Shahrebabak Mohammad Moradi , Shahrebabak Hossein Moradi , Javaremi Ardeshir Nejati , Saatchi Mahdi , Khansefid Majid , Miar Younes 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Methane emission by ruminants has contributed considerably to the global warming and understanding the genomic architecture of methane production may help the livestock producers to reduce the methane emission from the livestock production system. The goal of our study was to identify genomic regions affecting the predicted methane emission (PME) from volatile fatty acids (VFAs) indicators and VFA traits using imputed whole-genome sequence data in Iranian Holstein cattle. Results: Based on the significant-association threshold ( p < 5 × 10 −8 ), 33 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected for PME per kg milk (n=2), PME per kg fat (n=14), and valeric acid (n=17). Besides, 69 genes were identified for valeric acid (n=18), PME per kg milk (n=4) and PME per kg fat (n=47) that were located within 1 Mb of significant SNPs. Based on the gene ontology (GO) term analysis, six promising candidate genes were significantly clustered in organelle organization (GO:0004984, p = 3.9 × 10 -2 ) for valeric acid, and 17 candidate genes significantly clustered in olfactory receptors activity (GO:0004984, p = 4 × 10 -10 ) for PME traits. Annotation results revealed 31 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for milk yield and its components, body weight, and residual feed intake within 1 Mb of significant SNPs. Conclusions: Our results identified 33 SNPs associated with PME and valeric acid traits, as well as 17 olfactory receptors activity genes for PME traits related to food preference and feed intake. Identified SNPs in this study were close to 31 QTLs for milk yield and its components, body weight, and residual feed intake traits. In addition, these traits had high correlations with PME trait. Overall, our findings suggest that marker-assisted and genomic selection could be used to improve the difficult and expensive-to-measure phenotypes such as PME. Moreover, prediction of methane emission by VFA indicators could be useful for increasing the size of the reference population required in genome-wide association studies and genomic selection.
Impact of a comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship program on antimicrobial utilization and clinical isolates distribution in ICUs
Authors: Song Jiaojiao , Zhu Rongsheng , Li Leiqing , Xu Lingcheng , Zhou Quan , Xu Donghang , Hu Yangmin , Wang Xuanding 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) and provide clinical evidence for the scientific stewardship of antimicrobials in intensive care units (ICUs) of a teaching hospital.Methods Between January 2013 and December 2018, we conducted a prospective study, based on an antimicrobial computerized clinical decision support system (aCDSS) deployed in 2015 in ICUs of a tertiary and teaching hospital. The primary outcomes included initial and overall use prevalence of antimicrobials. The second outcomes were the detection rate of common clinical isolates before and after therapeutic antimicrobial use, and the change in patterns of resistance of 5 common clinical isolates in the ICU.Results Various types of broad-spectrum antimicrobial use prevalence continued to increase from 2013 to 2015, since 2016, where initial use of carbapenems and glycopeptides were counterbalanced by an increase in use of the first/second-generation cephalosporins, β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor combinations and linezolid. From 2015 to 2018, the proportion of extended-broad spectrum antimicrobials alone, wide-coverage therapy and combination therapy decreased significantly (P<0.05). Similarly, where use of carbapenems, glycopeptides, third/fourth-generation cephalosporins and anti-fungi agents were counterbalanced by an increase in overall use of the first/second-generation cephalosporins and β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. A total of 21891 strains of bacteria and fungi were detected in ICUs from 2015 to 2018, of them, 6.5% (1426/21891) strains were detected before antimicrobial treatment. The detection proportion of Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae and fastidious bacteria were significantly higher before antimicrobial treatment (P<0.05), while Acinetobacter baumannii , Burkholderia cepacia , and Candida spp were significantly lower in all non-repetitive clinical isolates (P<0.05).Conclusions The implementation of a comprehensive ASP combining CDSS in ICUs seems to be effective to improve outcomes on antimicrobial utilization and clinical isolates distribution in critically ill patients.
Community finance and promotion of Managed Aquifer Recharge systems affect uptake and sustainability as a potable water source in southwest coastal Bangladesh: A qualitative study
Authors: Nizame Fosiul A. , Nizame Fosiul Alam , Naser Md. Abu , Sharmin Afsana , Jahir Tania , Doza Solaiman , Rahman Mahbubur , Unicomb Leanne 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background In the south-western coastal region of Bangladesh ground water, normally used for drinking, is excessively saline. Increased salinity in drinking water can have a range of adverse health impacts. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) systems, which infiltrate rainwater and fresh pond water into aquifers, are adaptive strategies to deliver low-saline water to the affected communities. Several MAR systems have been piloted in these regions. The MAR pilot study demonstrated the potential for increasing freshwater availability and sustainable year-round drinking water supplies. The objective of this study was to identify MAR system management shortcomings and strengths to provide recommendations that are applicable for future MAR systems and engineering driven water management methods in low-income countries.Methods A qualitative study among the 18 pilot MAR communities with access to MAR systems since 2010 was conducted to assess perceptions of drinking MAR water and usage patterns. We conducted in-depth interviews (24), key informant interviews (2) and focus group discussions (3).Results More than half (13) of the respondents reported that drinking saline water causes diarrhea, dysentery, gastritis, digestive or abdominal disorders none described impact on blood pressure. More than two thirds (13/18) of current MAR users reported MAR as their preferred drinking water source. Almost half (11) reported that they were familiar with MAR but don’t understand how it works. A majority of respondents (17) considered MAR water safe because they thought there are no germs present. Nonetheless, respondents mentioned several problems including dissatisfaction with water quality (salinity/iron/smell/dirt in the water), and management (MAR sites found locked for most of the day). MAR installation and management staff and technical supervisors and caretakers thought that water quality was hampered by irregular water infiltration. They reported that management and maintenance issues were their primary concern, which were impeded by limited funds, as users do not pay regularly.Conclusions Though there is a demand for drinking water from MAR systems, the concerns about management related to finance, in addition to the amount collected are the greatest threat to system functionality and sustainability, which requires community-based solutions that will provide regular oversight and maintenance.
Incidence of Hypertension among Persons Living with HIV in China A Multicenter Study
Authors: Fan Hongwei , guo fuping , Hsieh Evelyn , Chen Wei-Ti , Lv Wei , Han Yang , Xie Jing , Li Yanling , Song Xiaojing , Li Taisheng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives Life expectancy among persons living with HIV (PLWH) has improved with increasing access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), however incidence of chronic comorbidities has simultaneously increased. No data are available regarding the incidence of hypertension among Chinese PLWH.Methods We analyzed data collected from patients enrolled in two prospective longitudinal multicenter studies of PLWH initiating ART in China. Incidence rate of hypertension per 100 person-years (PYs) among PLWH was calculated, and Cox proportional hazards models was used to evaluate the association between incident hypertension and traditional and HIV-associated risk factors.Results Of 1078 patients included in this analysis, 984 ART-naïve patients were hypertension-free at baseline, and contributed 2337.7 PYs of follow up, with a median follow-up period of 1.8 years (range: 1.2-3.2) after initiation of ART. Incidence of hypertension was 7.6 [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.5-8.7] per 100 PYs. In the Cox regression analysis, incidence of hypertension was positively associated with BMI [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.07 (1.01,1.13), p=0.02] and recent viral load (aHR 1.28, 95% CI:1.08-1.51, p=0), and negatively associated with recent CD4+/CD8+ ratio (aHR 0.14, 95% CI:0.06-0.31, p<0.001), zidovudine exposure (aHR 0.15, 95% CI: 0.10-0.24, p<0.001) and tenofovir exposure (aHR 0.13, 95% CI: 0.08-0.21, p<0.001).Conclusions The incidence of hypertension was relatively high among Chinese PLWH initiating ART. Independent risk factors for incident hypertension included recent low CD4+/CD8+ ratio and detectable HIV viremia, whereas receipt of ART was associated with reduced risk. Hypertension may be mitigated, in part, by excellent HIV care, including viral suppression with ART.
Validity and reliability of the Finnish Motivation for Physical Activity (RM4-FM) questionnaire
Authors: Uimonen Mikko , Repo Jussi P. , Grönroos Kiira , Häkkinen Arja , Walker Simon 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background There is a lack of properly validated instruments measuring motivation for physical activity in the Finnish language. The study aimed to translate the Motivation for Physical Activity (RM4-FM) instrument into Finnish and examine its psychometric properties in a sample of healthy, older Finnish adults. Methods The RM4-FM was translated and linguistically validated adhering to published guidelines. The sample consisted of 102 65–75-year old participants, who completed the RM4-FM, the Physical Activity Acceptance Questionnaire (PAAQ) and sociodemographic characteristics questionnaires electronically. The RM4-FM was re-administered one month after the initial assessment. Results RM4-FM translated well into Finnish. The motivation dimension scores were skewed towards high internal and low external motivation. A floor effect was confirmed in the External regulation dimension and a ceiling effect was confirmed in the Identified regulation dimension. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated inadequacy of the four-dimension model. Separate assessment of each of the four motivation dimensions with Exploratory factor analysis showed unidimensionality for all dimensions. Exploratory factor analysis provided a best-fit model of three factors (influence of other people, intention of well-being and emotional aspect of motivation). Re-administration of the instruments showed good test-retest reliability in all motivation dimensions. Female gender, higher education and higher PAAQ score were associated to higher internal motivation and lower external motivation scores. Conclusions The Finnish version of the RM4-FM instrument provides valid and reliable scores in assessing motivation for physical activity in a sample of healthy, older Finnish adults. The score distributions suggested shortages in the scale when evaluating internally motivated subjects. The three-factor model of the RM4-FM provided more favorable structural validity compared to the original version. This work may aid in future translations into other languages and uses of the questionnaire.
Differential Activation of Neuroinflammatory Pathways in Children with Seizures: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bartolini Luca , Moran Michael P. , Norato Gina , Thomas Bobbe , Dick Alexander D. , Wells Elizabeth , Suslovic William , Bumbut Adrian , Chamberlain James M. , Theodore William H. , Gaillard William D. , Jacobson Steven 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Experimental and clinical findings suggest a crucial role of inflammation in epileptogenesis. We aimed to analyze levels of inflammatory cytokines in plasma and saliva from children with acute seizures and healthy controls and measure their associations with HHV6 and EBV infection. Methods We analyzed plasma from 36 children within 24 hours of acute seizures (cases) and 43 healthy controls and saliva from 44 cases and 44 controls with a multiplex immunoassay. Saliva from all controls and 65 cases and blood from 26 controls and 35 cases were also analyzed by ddPCR for viral DNA. Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, Fisher’s exact test, ANOVA and Spearman correlation. Results Compared to controls, children with breakthrough seizures (n=18) had higher levels of CCL11 (p<0.001), CCL26 (p<0.001), IL-8 (p=0.03), CCL4 (p=0.02) in plasma. Children with new onset seizures (n=13) showed higher levels of CCL11 (p=0.05) and IL-6 (p=0.01). Patients with febrile seizures (n=5) had higher levels of IFNγ (p<0.001), IL-6 (p<0.001), IL-10 (p<0.001), CXCL10 (p=0.001). CCL11 was higher with 3 or more seizures (p=0.01), seizures longer than 10 minutes (p=0.001) and when EEG showed focal slowing (p=0.02). In saliva, febrile seizures had higher levels of IL-1β (n=7, p=0.04) and new onset seizures had higher IL-6 (n=15, p=0.02). Plasma and saliva cytokine levels did not show correlation. Frequency of HHV-6 and EBV detection was similar across seizure types and not different than controls. We found no correlation between viral load and cytokine levels Conclusions We showed differential activation of neuroinflammatory pathways in plasma from different seizure etiologies compared to controls, unrelated to HHV-6 infection.
Stimulation of dopamine D2 receptor via quinpirole protects against brain damage after brain injury in mice
Authors: Alam Sayed Ibrar , Jo Min Gi , Kim Min Woo , Abid Noman Bin , Kim Myeong OK 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Backgroung Brain injury is a major risk factor for the development of chronic neurodegenerative diseases. The disease still lacks a potential candidate to treat brain injury associated neurodegeneration. In the present study we aims to investigate the expression of Dopamin D2 receptor in the cortical region as well as in striatum of the injured mouse brain and further explored the neuroprotective effects of selective D2R agonist quinpirole against brain injury-associated neuropathological events after brain injury.Methods In order to test our hypothesis, a normal mice were subjected into TBI mouse model by producing penetrating injury using scalpel blade. A dose of 1mg/kg of quinpirole was daily injected to the TBI mice via intraperitonally for 7 days after producing injury. Further, the immunoblots and immunohistochemistry analysis were performed for both in vivo and in vitro.Results Our biochemical and immunohistological results demonstrated that brain injury suppresses the expression levels of D2R and deregulate the downstream signaling molecules in the cortex and striatum afte TBI at day 7. Treatment with a selective D2R agonist quinpirole regulates GSK3-β/IL-1β/Akt signaling and reduced neuroinflamation after brain injury. Concomitantly, Quinpirole treatment regulated Blood brain-barrier breakdown, reduced neuronal apoptosis and regulated synaptic dysfunction after brain injury. This is the first evidence, which showed that quinpirole treatment reduced secondary brain injury-induced neuropathological evidence in the cortex via D2R/Akt/GSK3-β signaling pathway. Moreover, our in vitro results demonstrated that quinpirole reversed MCM-mediated deleterious effects and significantly regulated D2R/GSK3-β/Akt level in HT22 cells.Conclusion Our results suggest that regulation of Dopamine D2 receptor via quinpirole would be a promising therapeutic strategy against brain injury-induced neurodegeneration.
Incidence Rates, Risk Factors, and Mortality Rates of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Haixia , Yi Mo , Jia Yuanmin , Bai Chenxiao , Jiang Di , Li Yizhang , Chen Ou 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the second most common nosocomial infection in Intensive care units (ICUs) and is associated with the significant utilization of health-care resources. However，the incidence rates, risk factors and mortality rates of VAP are controversial.MethodsThe Web of Science, PubMed and Cochrane Library databases through August 2019 were independently searched by two researchers to collect all relevant studies. Data including morbidity, risk factors and mortality rates of VAP were extracted for the systematic review and meta-analysis.ResultsSixteen studies, including 4 case control studies and 12 cohort studies, on VAP were included in our analysis. In the meta-analysis, we found that the VAP rate was 22/1000 ventilator-days (95% CI 18–25%). The data demonstrated that H 2 blocker use (odds ratio (OR) 1.66; 95% CI 1.17-2.36), nasogastric tube placement (OR 2.88; 95% CI 1.03-8.04), enteral feeding (OR 3.02; 95% CI 2.18-4.20), central vascular catheter (CVC) placement (OR 3.84; 95% CI 2.55-5.78) and tracheotomy (OR 9.13; 95% CI 6.53-12.75) were risk factors of VAP. VAP was associated with an increased risk of mortality (OR 1.15; 95% CI 0.96-1.37). Four articles that were not included in the meta-analysis indicated that hyperoxemia, increased intra-abdominal pressure, and genetic polymorphism may be risk factors for VAP. ConclusionsThis study may contribute to the development of improved infection control strategies for high-risk patients. Additional studies are needed in the future to clarify the incidence rates, risk factors and mortality rates of VAP.
Follow-up of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Liu Juejun , Chen Changzheng , Lu Li , Yi Zuohuizi , Zheng Hongmei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background To analyze the blood flow changes of radial peripapillary capillaries (RPC) and macula with time procession in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).Methods A total of 21 affected eyes and 19 unaffected eyes from 21 NAION patients, and 40 eyes of 20 healthy individuals were included. Assessments of BCVA, CFP, SD-OCT, and OCT-A were performed on NAION patients at enrollment and at 1-2 weeks, 1-2 months, and 3-6 months post-enrollment. Measures of the thickness of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (wRNFL) and macular ganglion cell complex (wGCC) of the whole image in SD-OCT, vessel density of RPC (wRPC) and superficial and deep vascular complexes (wSVD, wDVD) in the whole image of OCT-A, and their superior- and inferior-hemi values (s/iRNFL, s/iGCC, s/iRPC, and s/iSVD) were assessed.Results Compared to healthy controls, wRPC (p<0.001) and wDVD (P=0.001) were significantly lower in affected eyes at baseline, and there was no significant difference in wSVD (p>0.05). The wRPC and wSVD values of affected eyes were significantly decreased at follow-up time points of 1-2 and 3-6 months compared to baseline (p=0.001, p=0.000; p=0.000, p=0.000). The sRPC values were significantly lower than iRPC at 1-2/3-6 months (p=0.001, p=0.000), and sSVD values were lower than iSVD at 1-2 months (p=0.010). Statistically significant correlations were found between wRPC and wRNFL values at 3-6 months (r=0.626, p=0.022), between wSVD and wGCC at 1-2 weeks and 1-2 months (r=0.570, r=0.436; p=0.007, p=0.048).Conclusion OCT-A revealed a sectorial reduction in vessel density in RPC and macula with the disease progression of NAION from acute to atrophic stages, a classification associated with structural deficits.