bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of the environmental Kuznets curve for atmospheric pollutant emissions in Southeast Asia and implications for sustainable development: A spatial econometric approach
Authors: Fong Letisha S. , Salvo Alberto , Taylor David 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSoutheast Asia has one of the fastest rates of industrialisation and urbanisation in the world. While this has brought economic benefits to the region, it has also resulted in considerable environmental and health impacts associated with air pollution. This study presents the first spatial econometric assessment of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for Southeast Asia. Spatial panels, while important in studies involving geographical units, have, to date, been underutilised in many EKC studies. In this study, the income–pollution trajectories of three air pollutants—nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)—are examined through standard and spatial EKC models that regress per capita emissions on several socioeconomic indicators. The econometric assessment utilises data from 1993 to 2012 for nine Southeast Asian countries at varying levels of economic development. An inverted U‐shaped curve is found for all pollutants, thus confirming the existence of an EKC. Spatial spillovers are not found for NOx emissions but are supported for SO2 and PM2.5 emissions. While an EKC is supported, most countries are still on the upward sloping portion of the inverted U‐shaped curve. This highlights the urgent need to establish and enforce effective policies to abate emissions in light of the current extent of health issues associated with ambient air pollution in the region. In particular, results presented here point to policies that increase the share of renewable energy as a potentially effective emissions abatement strategy as policymakers in the region attempt to steer a path towards sustainable development.
Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Some New 2‐Benzyloxy‐5‐alkyne Substituted Pyrimidines: An Application to Sonogashira Coupling
Authors: Reddy Onteddu Surendranatha , Ramana Mutchu Baby , Durga Thripuram Vijaya , Chandu Basavaiah , Lakshmi Chavakula Rajya , Rayalu Golkonda Mokesh , Kotra Vijay , Babu Bollikolla Hari 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSonogashira coupling between diversely substituted 2‐benzyloxy‐5‐bromopyrimidines and various aryl and aliphatic alkynes in the presence of catalytic amount of PdCl2(PPh3)2 with diethylamine and CuI as a co catalyst in THF at 60 °C afforded 17 new 2‐benzyloxy‐5‐alkyne substituted pyrimidines in good yields (85–94 %). The cytotoxic activity of resulted compounds were evaluated against A549 (Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line), HepG2 (Human liver cancer cell line) and HCT116 (Human colon cancer cell line) cancer cell lines. Some of the 2‐benzyloxy‐5‐alkyne pyrimidines synthesized were found to be shown moderate in vitro cytotoxic activity against A549 cell line.
Microscopic Distribution of Chemical Constituents in the Interlayer Space of OTAC Intercalated Montmorillonite Complex:Molecular Simulation Study
Authors: Qiu J. , Liu D. , Chen G. , Wang Y. , Jiang S. , Wu P. , Wang G. , Lyu X. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work employs molecular simulation to study the microscopic distribution of chemical constituents in the interlayer of octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTAC) intercalated montmorillonite (MMT) complex. The results show that in the anhydrous MMT interlayers, the atoms of Co, Ho and No (C, H and N in OTAC) change from double‐layer to uneven multi‐layer distribution as the charge density of MMT increases, Ot (O in tetrahedron sheets) and No coordinate at the distance of 4.5 Å, the position of Co and Ho are closer to the siloxane surfaces than that of No, and the diffusivity of them decreases with the increase of charge density. In the hydrous MMT interlayers, the atoms of Co, Ho and No distribute in multiple layers along Z‐axis, the diffusivity of No is higher than that in the absence of water, but as for Co and Ho, only when charge density of MMT is low, the diffusivity of them is higher than that in the absence of water, and OTAC exhibit obvious three‐four‐five layers and six inclined layers arrangement between MMT layers with the increase of charge density.
Efficient Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions by A Novel AO‐PAN‐g‐Chitosan/Fe3O4 Composite
Authors: Li Hua , Zhou Fei‐Xiang , He Bin‐Hong , Wang Guo‐Xiang , Xie Wan‐Yun , Liang Enxiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, a novel amidoxime‐based magnetic adsorbent (AO‐PAN‐g‐Chitosan/Fe3O4) was prepared by grafting acrylonitrile onto the surface of chitosan (CS) and magnetic Fe3O4 composite, followed by amidoximation. The magnetic adsorbents were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The adsorption properties of the magnetic adsorbents for heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions were investigated under different conditions, including pH, contact time, and initial concentration of heavy metal ions. Under optimum conditions, the maximum Cu(II) and Ni(II) ion adsorption efficiencies were determined to be 38.39 mg/g and 32.68 mg/g by AO‐PAN‐g‐Chitosan/Fe3O4, respectively. Significantly, the Fe3O4/AO‐PAN‐g‐CS can be reproduced in a simple way and reused after five adsorption‐desorption cycles without any significant loss in the adsorption capacity.
Clocking the Clock: Programmable Acid Autocatalysis in the Chlorite‐Tetrathionate Reaction
Authors: Panzarasa Guido 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAcid‐autocatalyzed clock reactions are chemical systems able to suddenly lower pH after a certain time. They would be useful to program self‐assembly of pH‐responsive building blocks if factors such as the starting pH, the magnitude and time of pH decrease could be flexibly tailored. Here, we show how to control these parameters in the chlorite‐tetrathionate (CT) clock reaction using cyclic esters, such as δ‐gluconolactone (GL) and 1,3‐propanesultone (PrS), as in situ slow acid generators.
Ontogeny of the trilobite Elrathia kingii (Meek) and comparison of growth rates between Elrathia kingii and Aulacopleura koninckii (Barrande)
Authors: Hopkins Melanie J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTrilobites offer almost unparalleled insight into the growth and development of fossil ecdysozoans. Here I use newly collected material of Elrathia kingii (Meek) to estimate growth rates and describe shape change over the ontogeny of E. kingii. Well‐preserved, articulated specimens from all post‐embryonic stages were collected from a 1.5 m interval of the upper Wheeler Formation (Miaolingian Series, Cambrian) in western Utah (USA), and size and landmark‐based shape data were digitized from photographs. Growth rates were estimated and compared with previously published data on the Silurian trilobite, Aulacopleura koninckii (Barrande). Like A. koninckii, the cephalic growth rate in E. kingii was constant and of similar magnitude to the minimum growth rate along the trunk, and growth rates in the trunk were lower during the holaspid (‘adult’) period than during the meraspid (‘juvenile’) period. However, body length at the onset of meraspis was smaller, the growth gradient along the trunk during meraspis was shallower, and the terminal number of thoracic tergites was smaller in E. kingii than in A. koninckii. Despite these differences, these two species had similar maximum body lengths, because higher overall growth rates in E. kingii compensated for other differences. The rate of cephalic shape change in E. kingii decreased at the transition from meraspis to holaspis, while the pygidium became more morphologically distinct from the thorax during holaspis. I also provide an emended diagnosis for E. kingii, descriptions of the ontogeny and ventral morphology, and evidence that E. kingii holaspids had an invariant number of tergites.
Systems thinking and the biopsychosocial approach: A multilevel framework for patient‐centred care
Authors: Tramonti Francesco , Giorgi Franco , Fanali Annibale 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPatient‐centred care is an approach intended to include service‐users' needs and perspectives as crucial aspects of clinical treatment, superseding any attempt to paternalistic and unilateral attitude in the therapeutic relationship. It is a call to think about persons and not simply of their diseases and implies the adoption of a biopsychosocial perspective and shared decision making. Nonetheless, thinking about persons inevitably means taking the context into due consideration, as individuals are not isolated and any kind of illness experience cannot be thought as a simple matter of inner thoughts and feelings. This perspective article builds on the core tenets of systems thinking and the biopsychosocial approach, with the aim of developing a multilevel approach to patient‐centred care. Within this framework, a literature review has been conducted to gather relevant research findings concerning each level of analysis and the interrelations of such levels.Systems thinking is an ideal framework for capturing the multilayered aspects of illness, from the biological processes that lead to a given disease to the social context where people live. From this angle, we can argue that systems‐centred care is the framework we actually need to truly accomplish patient‐centred goals. This means seeing people as complex dynamical systems and always bearing in mind the ecology of their lives. This also means gearing research and clinical practice towards this direction because complex phenomena like health require adequate methods of inquiry and treatment plans. A multilevel approach is the main road to effective and enduring outcomes. On the contrary, fragmentation of knowledge and excessive specialization without integration can pave the way to short‐term solutions and weak or vanishing improvements in the long run, with obvious costs for persons, families and the community.
Experimental investigation on reinforced concrete slabs strengthened with carbon textiles under repeated impact loads
Authors: Batarlar Baturay , Hering Marcus , Bracklow Franz , Kühn Tino , Beckmann Birgit , Curbach Manfred 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study presents the performance of carbon textile reinforcement used as strengthening layers for reinforced concrete (RC) slabs under repeated impact loads. In order to reveal the contribution of carbon textile reinforcement to the behavior of RC slabs under impacts, five identical RC slabs with the dimensions of 1.5 m × 1.5 m × 0.20 m were manufactured and tested at the Technische Universität Dresden. To understand failure mechanisms of RC slabs under impact loadings, two specimens were kept unstrengthened and tested under different impact velocities. The rest of the specimens was strengthened with three different carbon textile reinforcements embedded in an additional 2 cm fine‐grained concrete layer and subjected to impact loads with the same striker velocity. The results observed from the tests revealed that the carbon textile reinforcement is very effective at increasing the impact capacities of the specimens. Additionally, displacement–time histories and crack profiles are highly affected due to the carbon textile reinforcement types and ratios during the impact loadings.
Shared mechanisms for cognitive impairment and physical frailty: A model for complex systems
Authors: Sargent Lana , Nalls Mike , Amella Elaine J. , Slattum Patricia W. , Mueller Martina , Bandinelli Stefania , Tian Qu , Swift‐Scanlan Theresa , Lageman Sarah K. , Singleton Andrew 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionWe describe findings from a large study that provide empirical support for the emerging construct of cognitive frailty and put forth a theoretical framework that may advance the future study of complex aging conditions. While cognitive impairment and physical frailty have long been studied as separate constructs, recent studies suggest they share common etiologies. We aimed to create a population predictive model to gain an understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms for the relationship between physical frailty and cognitive impairment.MethodsData were obtained from the longitudinal “Invecchaiare in Chianti” (Aging in Chianti, InCHIANTI Study) with a representative sample (n = 1453) of older adults from two small towns in Tuscany, Italy. Our previous work informed the candidate 132 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 155 protein biomarkers we tested in association with clinical outcomes using a tree boosting, machine learning (ML) technique for supervised learning analysis.ResultsWe developed two highly accurate predictive models, with a Model I area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83‐0.90) and a Model II AUC of 0.86 (95% CI 0.80‐0.90). These models indicate cognitive frailty is driven by dysregulation across multiple cellular processes including genetic alterations, nutrient and lipid metabolism, and elevated levels of circulating pro‐inflammatory proteins.DiscussionWhile our results establish a foundation for understanding the underlying biological mechanisms for the relationship between cognitive decline and physical frailty, further examination of the molecular pathways associated with our predictive biomarkers is warranted. Our framework is in alignment with other proposed biological underpinnings of Alzheimer's disease such as genetic alterations, immune system dysfunction, and neuroinflammation.
Black holes in string theory with duality twists
Authors: Hull Chris , Marcus Eric , Stemerdink Koen , Vandoren Stefan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We consider 5D supersymmetric black holes in string theory compactifications that partially break supersymmetry. We compactify type IIB on T4 and then further compactify on a circle with a duality twist to give Minkowski vacua preserving partial supersymmetry ($$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 6, 4, 2, 0) in five dimensions. The effective supergravity theory is given by a Scherk-Schwarz reduction with a Scherk-Schwarz supergravity potential on the moduli space, and the lift of this to string theory imposes a quantization condition on the mass parameters. In this theory, we study black holes with three charges that descend from various ten-dimensional brane configurations. For each black hole we choose the duality twist to be a transformation that preserves the solution, so that it remains a supersymmetric solution of the twisted theory with partially broken supersymmetry. We discuss the quantum corrections arising from the twist to the pure gauge and mixed gauge-gravitational Chern-Simons terms in the action and the resulting corrections to the black hole entropy.
Self-Reverse Elements and Lines in an Algebra for 3D Space
Authors: Cripps Robert J. , Cross Ben , Mullineux Glen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA geometric algebra provides a single environment in which geometric entities can be represented and manipulated and in which transforms can be applied to these entities. A number of versions of geometric algebra have been proposed and the aim of the paper is to investigate one of these as it has a number of advantageous features. Points, lines and planes are presented naturally by element of grades 1, 2, and 3 respectively. The self-reverse elements in the algebra form a field. This allows an equivalence relation between elements of grade 2 to be defined so that, although not every grade 2 element corresponds to a line, each equivalence class does, and vice versa. Examples are given to illustrate the ease in which geometric objects are represented and manipulated.
Third generation autologous chondrocyte implantation is a good treatment option for athletic persons
Authors: Niethammer Thomas Richard , Altmann Daniel , Holzgruber Martin , Goller Sophia , Fischer Andreas , Müller Peter Ernst 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeAutologous chondrocyte implantation is an established method for the treatment of joint cartilage damage. However, to date it has not been established that autologous chondrocyte implantation is an appropriate procedure for cartilage defects therapy in athletic persons. The aim of this study is to analyze if third-generation autologous chondrocyte implantation is an appropriate treatment for athletic persons with full cartilage defect of the knee joints.MethodsA total of 84 patients were treated with third-generation autologous chondrocyte implantation (NOVOCART®3D). The mean follow-up time was 8 years (5–14). Sports activity was measured via UCLA Activity Score and Tegner Activity Scale before the onset of knee pain and postoperatively in an annual clinical evaluation. 41 athletic persons and 43 non-athletic persons (UCLA-Cut-off: 7; Tegner Activity Scale-Cut-off: 4) were analyzed. Patient reported outcomes were captured using IKDC subjective, KOOS, Lysholm score and VAS score on movement.ResultsPatient reported outcomes (IKDC, VAS at rest, VAS on movement) showed significant improvement (p < 0.001) postoperatively. Athletic persons demonstrated significantly better results than non-athletic persons in the analyzed outcome scores (IKDC:p < 0.01, KOOS:p < 0.01, Lysholm score:p < 0.01). 96.4% of the patients were able to return to sport and over 50% returned or surpassed their preinjury sports level. The remaining patients were downgraded by a median of two points on the UCLA- and 2.5 on the Tegner Activity Scale. A shift from high-impact sports to active events and moderate or mild activities was found. Furthermore, it was shown that preoperative UCLA score and Tegner Activity Scale correlated significantly with the patient reported outcome postoperatively.ConclusionAutologous chondrocyte implantation is a suitable treatment option for athletic persons with full-thickness cartilage defects in the knee. The return to sports activity is possible, but includes a shift from high-impact sports to less strenuous activities.
Dirichlet process mixtures under affine transformations of the data
Authors: Arbel Julyan , Corradin Riccardo , Nipoti Bernardo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLocation-scale Dirichlet process mixtures of Gaussians (DPM-G) have proved extremely useful in dealing with density estimation and clustering problems in a wide range of domains. Motivated by an astronomical application, in this work we address the robustness of DPM-G models to affine transformations of the data, a natural requirement for any sensible statistical method for density estimation and clustering. First, we devise a coherent prior specification of the model which makes posterior inference invariant with respect to affine transformations of the data. Second, we formalise the notion of asymptotic robustness under data transformation and show that mild assumptions on the true data generating process are sufficient to ensure that DPM-G models feature such a property. Our investigation is supported by an extensive simulation study and illustrated by the analysis of an astronomical dataset consisting of physical measurements of stars in the field of the globular cluster NGC 2419.
Mixed norm Strichartz-type estimates for hypersurfaces in three dimensions
Authors: Palle Ljudevit 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn their work Ikromov and Müller (Fourier Restriction for Hypersurfaces in Three Dimensions and Newton Polyhedra. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2016) proved the full range $$L^p-L^2$$

L
p

-

L
2

Fourier restriction estimates for a very general class of hypersurfaces in $${\mathbb {R}}^3$$

R

3

which includes the class of real analytic hypersurfaces. In this article we partly extend their results to the mixed norm case where the coordinates are split in two directions, one tangential and the other normal to the surface at a fixed given point. In particular, we resolve completely the adapted case and partly the non-adapted case. In the non-adapted case the case when the linear height $$h_\text {lin}(\phi )$$

h
lin

(
ϕ
)

is below two is settled completely.
Whole-Exome Sequencing Identifies Novel Compound Heterozygous ZNF469 Mutations in Two Siblings with Mild Brittle Cornea Syndrome
Authors: Rolvien Tim , Kornak Uwe , Linke Stephan J. , Amling Michael , Oheim Ralf 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Connective tissue diseases, including osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), exhibit a high degree of clinical and genetic heterogeneity. We report two sisters with blue sclerae, joint hypermobility and hearing loss. Whole-exome sequencing identified two compound heterozygous ZNF469 loss-of-function mutations due to a frameshift. Since these findings indicate the presence of brittle cornea syndrome (BCS), we performed ocular optical coherence tomography (OCT) and pachymetry, which revealed a moderate decrease in corneal thickness. While only one traumatic fracture was observed in each of the patients, a detailed skeletal assessment indicated no specific patterns of bone mass and microstructure reduction as well as normal bone turnover markers. Taken together, our findings point to a mild form of brittle cornea syndrome with a phenotype compatible with the extraskeletal features of OI but also with EDS.
Soft and hard computation methods for estimation of the effective thermal conductivity of sands
Authors: Rizvi Zarghaam Haider , Zaidi Husain Haider , Akhtar Syed Jawad , Sattari Amir Shorian , Wuttke Frank 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThermal properties of sand are of importance in numerous engineering and scientific applications ranging from energy storage and transportation infrastructures to underground construction. All these applications require knowledge of the effective thermal parameters for proper operation. The traditional approaches for determination of the effective thermal property, such as the thermal conductivity are based on very costly, tedious and time-consuming experiments. The recent developments in computer science have allowed the use of soft and hard computational methods to compute the effective thermal conductivity (ETC). Here, two computation methods are presented based on soft and hard computing approaches, namely, the deep neural network (DNN) and the thermal lattice element method (TLEM), respectively, to compute the ETC of sands with varying porosity and moisture content values. The developed models are verified and validated with a small data set reported in the literature. The computation results are compared with the experiments, and the numerical results are found to be within reasonable error bounds. The deep learning method offers fast and robust implementation and computation, even with a small data set due to its superior backpropagation algorithm. However, the TLEM based on micro and meso physical laws outperforms it at accuracy.