bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incomplete miscarriage during the first trimester: a comparison of indoor versus outdoor procedure
Authors: Iqbal Faiza , Azmat Sadia , Jamshaid Rabia , Arshad Zunaira , Saqib Anum 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Miscarriage is defined as the natural death of a fetus inside the uterus. To remove complete conception material after a miscarriage, vacuum aspiration or dilatation & curettage are methods to remove uterine contents. Controversies exist regarding both procedures. So we conducted this study to confirm the more successful method.
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of manual vacuum aspiration versus traditional evacuation and curettage (E & C) among females presenting with incomplete miscarriage during the first trimester of pregnancy
Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial was done at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore for 6 months. Then the selected females were divided randomly into 2 equal groups. In group A, females had manual vacuum procedure while in group B, females had evacuation & curettage under general anesthesia. After 12 hours of the procedure, ultrasonography was done to confirm complete evacuation.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 29.87 ± 6.71 years, the mean gestational age was 8.06 ± 2.82 weeks. The effectiveness was noted in 248 (91.85%) patients. Statistically, manual vacuum showed significantly more effective as compared to evacuation & curettage procedure in the management of incomplete miscarriage i.e. p-value = 0.008.
Conclusion: It has been proved that manual vacuum aspiration is more effective than traditional evacuation & curettage in the management of incomplete miscarriage.
The Magnetic Field of the Active Planet-hosting M Dwarf AU Mic
Authors: Kochukhov Oleg , Reiners Ansgar 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
AU Mic is a young, very active M dwarf star with a debris disk and at least one transiting Neptune-size planet. Here we present a detailed analysis of the magnetic field of AU Mic based on previously unpublished high-resolution optical and near-infrared spectropolarimetric observations. We report a systematic detection of circular and linear polarization signatures in the stellar photospheric lines. Tentative Zeeman Doppler imaging modeling of the former data suggests a nonaxisymmetric global field with a surface-averaged strength of about 90 G. At the same time, linear polarization observations indicate the presence of a much stronger ≈2 kG axisymmetric dipolar field, which contributes no circular polarization signal due to the equator-on orientation of AU Mic. A separate Zeeman broadening and intensification analysis allowed us to determine a mean field modulus of 2.3 and 2.1 kG from the Y- and K-band atomic lines, respectively. These magnetic field measurements are essential for understanding environmental conditions within the AU Mic planetary system.
Mapping and Publishing Sequence-Derived Data through Biodiversity Data Platforms
Authors: Schigel Dmitry , Andersson Anders , Bissett Andrew , Finstad Anders , Fossøy Frode , Grosjean Marie , Hope Michael , Kõljalg Urmas , Lundin Daniel , Nilsson R. Henrik , Prager Maria , Jeppesen Thomas , Svenningsen Cecilie 
Published: October 2020

Most users will foresee the use of genetic sequences in the context of molecular ecology or phylogenetic research, however, a sequence with coordinates and a timestamp is a valuable biodiversity occurrence that is useful in a much broader context than its original purpose. To uncover this potential, sequence-derived data need to become findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable through generalist biodiversity data platforms. Stimulated by the Biodiversity_Next discussions in 2019, we have worked for about 10 months to put together practical data mapping and data publishing experiences in Norway, Australia, Sweden, and Denmark, as well as in the UNITE and the GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) networks. The resulting guide was put together to provide practical instruction for mapping sequence-derived data.
Biodiversity data communities remain dominated by the macroscopic, easily detectable, morphologically identifiable species. This is not only true for citizen science and other forms of biodiversity popularization, but is also visible in the university and museum department structures, financial resource allocations, biodiversity legislation, and policy design. Recent decades of molecular advances have increased the power of genetic methods for detecting, describing, and documenting global biodiversity. We have yet to see the wide shift of data generating efforts from the traditional taxonomic foci of biodiversity assesments to the more balanced and inclusive systems focusing on all functionally important taxa and environments. These include soil, limnic and marine environments, decomposing plants and deadwood, and all life therein. Environmental DNA data enable recording of present and past presence of micro- and macroscopic organisms with minimal effort and by non-invasive methods. The apparent ease of these methods requires a cautious approach to the resulting data and their interpretation.
It remains important to define and agree on the organism recording and reporting routines for genetic data. DNA data represent a major addition to the many ways in which GBIF and other biodiversity data platforms index the living world. Our guide is resting on the shoulders of those who have been developing and improving MIxS (Minimum Information about any (x) Sequence), GGBN (Global Genome Biodiversity Network) and other data standards. The added value of publishing sequence-derived data through non-genetic biodiversity discovery platforms relates to spatio-temporal occurrences and sequence-based names. Reporting sequence-derived occurrences in an open and reproducible way has a wide range of benefits: notably, it increases citability, highlights the taxa concerned in the context of biological conservation, and contributes to taxonomic and ecological knowledge.
Sources of Error in Toric Intraocular Lens Power Calculation
Authors: Hirnschall Nino , Findl Oliver , Bayer Natascha , Leisser Christoph , Norrby Sverker , Zimper Eva , Hoffmann Peter 
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the influencing factors on remaining astigmatism after implanting a toric intraocular lens (IOL) during cataract surgery.

METHODS:
This retrospective study included parameters that were considered to have an influence on toric IOL power calculation. Therefore, data from the literature and the authors' own data were used. This included axial eye length, anterior chamber depth, central corneal thickness, corneal radii (anterior and posterior), diurnal changes of the cornea, inter-device differences, rotational misalignment of the IOL, tilt and decentration of the IOL, pupil size, angle kappa, and surgically induced astigmatism. Ray-tracing and Gaussian error propagation analysis was performed to quantify the sources of error.

RESULTS:
In total, 4,949 eyes (4,365 eyes of 42 studies and 584 eyes of retrospectively analyzed study data) were included in the study and the difference vector between aimed and calculated remaining astigmatism was 0.81 diopters (D). The main source of error was the preoperative measurement of the cornea (27%), followed by IOL misalignment (14.4%) and IOL tilt (11.3%). Other factors, such as angle kappa (10.9%), pupil size (8.1%), surgically induced astigmatism (7.8%), anterior chamber depth (7.5%), axial eye length (7.5%), and decentration (5.6%), also contributed to the refractive astigmatic error.

CONCLUSIONS:
The main source of error in toric IOL power calculation is the preoperative corneal measurement followed by IOL misalignment and tilt.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(10):646–652.]
Jakob Müller: slovenistična bibliografija 1964–2011
Authors: Weiss Peter , Porenta Alenka 
Published: October 2020

Bibliografija Jakoba Müllerja za čas do leta 1995 je bila objavljena v knjigah Biografije in bibliografije znanstvenih in strokovnih sodelavcev Slovenske akademije znanosti in umetnosti (1: 1964–1975: Ljubljana: SAZU, 1976, 142–143) in Biografije in bibliografije raziskovalcev Znanstvenoraziskovalnega centra SAZU (2: 1976–1985, Ljubljana: SAZU, 1986, 27–29; 3: 1986–1995, Ljubljana: Založba ZRC, ZRC
SAZU, 1998, 45–47). Tale izpopolnjena bibliografija zajema avtorjevo slovenistično, predvsem jezikoslovno delo in objave o njem. Objavljeni povzetki niso upoštevani, če je delo, na katero se nanašajo, izšlo, predavanje kot govorni nastop pa je upoštevano le, če ni bilo objavljeno ali predstavljeno v objavljenem povzetku. Elektronske objave prvotno natisnjenih del tu niso navedene, lahko pa so dosegljive v vedno
znova osveženi bibliografiji na spletnem naslovu http://splet02.izum.si/cobiss/bibliography?code=00333. – Za osnovo so bili uporabljeni podatki iz Cobissa, ki jih je pripravila naša sodelavka Mojca Uran iz Biblioteke SAZU v Ljubljani.
Spregledanemu jezikoslovcu in folkloristu Ivanu Koštiálu (1877–1949)
Authors: Rožman Irena 
Published: October 2020

V tej številki revije Jezikoslovni zapiski so objavljeni prispevki avtorja in avtoric, ki smo si prizadevali, da bi kritično ovrednotili izseček obširnega opusa znanstvenih, strokovnih in poljudoznanstvenih del jezikoslovca in folklorista Ivana Koštiála. Na našem prvem sestanku 4. marca 2011, ki smo se ga udeležili Agata Šega, Tjaša Jakop, Metka Furlan, Silvo Torkar, Drago Samec, Vanda Babič in Irena Rožman (Rožana Koštiál se sestanka ni mogla udeležiti), smo očitno entuziastično sklenili, da bomo v okviru našega »projekta«:
(1) preučili Koštiálova razpršena znanstvena in strokovna dela ter druge objave in še neobjavljeno gradivo, vse to pa zaokrožili v smiselno celoto; (2) na podlagi njegove rokopisne zapuščine, denimo korespondence in drugih virov, ugotovili, s katerimi domačimi in tujimi jezikoslovci je sodeloval in kakšni so bili njihovi medsebojni odnosi ter morebitni skupni znanstveni rezultati; (3) poiskali sledi njegovega dela tudi v tujini, npr. v Italiji in Avstriji ter na Hrvaškem; (4) še nadalje zbirali njegove življenjepisne podatke, saj je o njegovem zasebnem življenju malo znanega; (5) preverili gradivo v pokrajinskih in šolskih arhivih v središčih, v katerih je poučeval, in v zapuščinah tujih strokovnjakov, s katerimi je sodeloval, npr. s Friedrichom S. Kraussom in Raffaelejem Corsom; (6) poiskali možnosti, da se kot zaključna faza projekta izdajo Koštiálova zbrana dela.
Distinguishing Features of High- and Low-Dose Vaccine against Ocular HSV-1 Infection Correlates with Recognition of Specific HSV-1–Encoded Proteins
Authors: Carr Daniel J J , Gmyrek Grzegorz B , Filiberti Adrian , Berube Amanda N , Browne William P , Gudgel Brett M , Sjoelund Virginie H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The protective efficacy of a live-attenuated HSV type 1 (HSV-1) vaccine, HSV-1 0∆ nuclear location signal (NLS), was evaluated in mice prophylactically in response to ocular HSV-1 challenge. Mice vaccinated with the HSV-1 0∆NLS were found to be more resistant to subsequent ocular virus challenge in terms of viral shedding, spread, the inflammatory response, and ocular pathology in a dose-dependent fashion. Specifically, a strong neutralizing Ab profile associated with low virus titers recovered from the cornea and trigeminal ganglia was observed in vaccinated mice in a dose-dependent fashion with doses ranging from 1 × 103 to 1 × 105 PFU HSV-1 0∆NLS. This correlation also existed in terms of viral latency in the trigeminal ganglia, corneal neovascularization, and leukocyte infiltration and expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in infected tissue with the higher doses (1 × 104–1 × 105 PFU) of the HSV-1 0∆NLS–vaccinated mice, displaying reduced viral latency, ocular pathology, or inflammation in comparison with the lowest dose (1 × 103 PFU) or vehicle vaccine employed. Fifteen HSV-1–encoded proteins were uniquely recognized by antisera from high-dose (1 × 105 PFU)–vaccinated mice in comparison with low-dose (1 × 103 PFU)– or vehicle-vaccinated animals. Passive immunization using high-dose–vaccinated, but not low-dose–vaccinated, mouse sera showed significant efficacy against ocular pathology in HSV-1–challenged animals. In summary, we have identified the minimal protective dose of HSV-1 0∆NLS vaccine in mice to prevent HSV-mediated disease and identified candidate proteins that may be useful in the development of a noninfectious prophylactic vaccine against the insidious HSV-1 pathogen.
Bronchiolitis clinical practice guidelines implementation: surveillance study of hospitalized children in Jordan
Authors: Awad Samah , Hatim Rawan , Khader Yousef , Alyahya Mohammad , Harik Nada , Rawashdeh Ahmad , Qudah Walaa , Khasawneh Ruba , Hyajneh Wail , Yusef Dawood 
Published: October 2020

Background: Bronchiolitis is a leading cause of hospital admissions and death in young children. Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) to diagnose and manage bronchiolitis have helped healthcare providers to avoid unnecessary investigations and interventions and to provide evidence-based treatment. Aim of this study is to determine the effect of implementing CPG for the diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis in a tertiary hospital in Jordan. Methods: The study compared children (age <24 months) diagnosed with bronchiolitis and who required admission to King Abdullah University Hospital in Irbid during the winter of 2017 (after CPG implementation) and age-matched children admitted in the winter of 2016. The proportion of patients receiving diagnostic tests and treatments in the two groups were compared.Results: Eighty-eight and 91 patients were diagnosed with bronchiolitis before and after CPG implementation, respectively. Respiratory syncytial virus rapid antigen detection testing decreased after CPG implementation [n=64 (72.7%) vs n=46 (50.5%), p=0.002]. However, there was no significant change in terms of other diagnostic tests. The use of nebulized salbutamol [n=44 (50%) vs n=29 (31.9%), p=0.01], hypertonic saline [n=39 (44.3%) vs n=8 (8.8%), p<0.001], and inappropriate antibiotics [n=31 (35.2%) vs n=15 (16.5%), p=0.004] decreased after CPG implementation. There was no difference in mean LOS (standard deviation; SD) between the pre- and post-CPG groups [3.5 (2) vs 4 (3.4) days, p=0.19]. The mean cost of stay (SD) was 449.4 (329.1) US dollars for pre-CPG compared to 507.3 (286.1) US dollars for the post-CPG group (p=0.24).Conclusion: We observed that the implementation of CPG for bronchiolitis diagnosis and management helped change physicians’ behavior toward evidence-based practices. However, adherence to guidelines must be emphasized to improve practices in developing countries, focusing on the rational use of diagnostic testing, and avoiding use of unnecessary medications when managing children with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis.
Vancomycin intermediate resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the nasal cavity of asymptomatic individuals: a potential public health challenge
Authors: Adeoye-Isijola Morenike , Olajuyigbe Olufunmiso , Adebola Kehinde , Coopoosamy Roger , Afolayan Anthony 
Published: October 2020

Background: The potential of transmitting multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus from asymptomatic individuals to healthy individuals could constitute a great challenge to antimicrobial therapy.
Methods: The antibiograms of the S. aureus from asymptomatic individuals were determined by disk diffusion and agar dilution assay techniques with different antibiotics and vancomycin.
Results: Of the 152 S. aureus isolated, (59)38.8% isolates were multi-drug resistant strains. Streptomycin was the most effective and inhibited (135)88.82% of the isolates while ceftazidime inhibited (24)15.8% of the isolates. While (82)54.0% of the isolates inhibited by cefuroxime had resistant colonies within their inhibition zones (Rc) and ofloxacin inhibited (100)65.8% of the isolates without having resistant colonies within the inhibition zones, ceftazidime inhibited (7)4.6% of the isolates with resistant colonies within the inhibition zones. Subjecting the isolates to vancomycin showed that (27)17.8% were resistant to 2 µg/ml, (43)28.3% were resistant to 4 µg/ml and (27)17.8% of the isolates were simultaneously resistant to both concentrations of vancomycin. Although (100)65.8% of the isolates had MARindex ≥0.2, (52)34.2% of the isolates had MARindex ≤ 0.2 and (65)428% of the isolates were considered multidrug resistant strains.
Conclusion: The isolation of multi-drug and vancomycin intermediate resistant strains of S. aureus in high percentage, in this study, presents a great threat to clinicians and general populace. The vancomycin intermediate resistant S. aureus (VISA) in asymptomatic individuals could be a critical concern to the therapeutic dilemma to be added to the presence of multi-drug resistance. A more sustainable therapy must be in place to prevent its dissemination or the outbreak of its infection.
Keywords: Antibacterial activity; multidrug resistance; VRSA; VISA; vancomycin
Unnecessary antimicrobial prescribing for upper respiratory tract infections in children in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Authors: John Mathibe Lehlohonolo , Perseverance Zwane Nonhle 
Published: October 2020

Background: Acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are contagious diseases of the upper airways, but they are self-limiting in nature. Therefore, antimicrobial-use for the majority of the URTIs is considered inappropriate. Unfortu- nately, globally, antimicrobials are still being prescribed for the treatment of URTIs, especially in children. However, there is insufficient evidence on the causes of this phenomenon in South Africa.
Objective: To investigate whether the parents/guardians accompanying children with URTIs expected/influenced physi- cians and/or nurses to prescribe antibiotics.
Methods: This was a prospective descriptive and explorative questionnaire-based study. Participants were guardians who accompanied children aged five years and below, diagnosed with acute URTIs.
Findings: Three hundred and six parents/guardians participated in this study. Seventy six percent (n=233) of participants received antibiotics for URTIs for their children, and 67% (n=156) of these did not make requests for antimicrobial therapy. On overall, there was a statistically significant (p < 0.0001) chance (with OR of 5.9; 95% CI, 2.4 – 14.2) for receiving antibi- otics for URTIs without a request.
Conclusion: Physicians and other healthcare providers need education on rational prescribing of antimicrobials, and to implement evidence-based standard treatment guidelines, to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics in children with self-lim- iting URTIs.
Keywords: Antibiotics; antimicrobials; prescribing; upper respiratory tract infections; children.
Type of anaesthesia for caesarean section and failure rate in Princess Marina Hospital, Botswana’s largest referral hospital
Authors: W Kassa Mamo , J Mkubwa Jack , Z Shifa Jemal , B Agizew Tefera 
Published: October 2020

Background: Caesarean Section (CS) is a mode of delivery to decrease maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. We aimed to determine the type of anaesthesia used for CS among live-birth deliveries; and the failure rate of spinal anaesthesia (SA) in Princess Marina Referral Hospital, Botswana.
Methods: Women who underwent CS from May-December 2017 were enrolled in the study. Data were recorded from anaesthesia charts and abstracted using Excel spreadsheet. We established the type of anaesthesia used, comparing the rate of elective versus emergency indications, and failure rate of SA using STATA. Fisher’s exact test used to compare results.
Results: Among 2775 live-birth deliveries, 30.2% (837/2775) was by CS. Of those, 95.2% (797/837) had had SA and 4.8% (40/837) were GA. Under SA, 27.4% (218/797) were elective, and 72.6% (579/797) were emergency. Under GA 10% (4/40) were elective and 90.0% (36/40) were emergency. The overall failure rate of SA was 2% (16/813), that is 0.9% (2/220) for elective and 2.4% (14/593) among emergency indications; Fisher’s exact test p = 0.2959.
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that single shot SA is the most commonly preferred type of anaesthesia for both elective and emergency CS. The overall failure rate of SA was less common in our settings than previously reported.
Keywords: Caesarean section; types of anaesthesia; spinal failure.
Prostate hyperplasia in St Mary’s Hospital Lacor: utility of prostate specific antigen in screening for prostate malignancy
Authors: Okidi Ronald , Opira Cyprian , Da Consolação Sambo Vanusa , Achola Caroline , Martin Ogwang David 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the second commonest cancer in men worldwide. At present, every patient with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in St. Mary’s Hospital Lacor is undergoing prostate biopsy regardless of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) level. We sought to determine the association between PSA and malignant prostate histology.
Methods: This was a retrospective study. Data on age, PSA, prostate volume and prostate histology reported between Jan 2012 and Dec 2019 were retrieved from St. Mary’s Hospital Lacor archive and analyzed using STATA SE/13.0.
Results: Records of 97 patients with LUTS was analyzed. The median (range) age of the patients was 71 (43-100) years. Median (range) of prostate volume was 91.8 (8.0-360.0) cc. Overall, PSA ranged from 0.21 to 399.2 ng/ml. Prostate histology showed 3.1% acinar adenocarcinoma, 24.7% adenocarcinoma and 72.2% benign prostatic hyperplasia. The median PSA amongst pa- tients with malignant and non-malignant prostates were 15.8 ng/ml and 6.07 ng/ml respectively. Serum PSA level was signifi- cantly higher in patients with malignant prostate histology (Difference of mean= 9.7; p=0.001).
Conclusion: Patients with LUTS and PSA levels of 15ng/ml or more were more likely to have malignant prostate histology.
Keywords: Prostate specific antigen; Prostate cancer.
Detection of miR-1246, miR-23a and miR-451 in sera of colorectal carcinoma patients: a case-control study in Cairo University hospital
Authors: Salah Mona , Shaheen Iman , El-Shanawany Pakinam , Eid Saad Nagwa , Saad Rasha , El Guibaly Mahmoud , Momen Nouran 
Published: October 2020

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has high morbidity and mortality rates. Invasive techniques and other laboratory tests with variable sensitivity and specificity are currently used in diagnosis. Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) have bio vital roles in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Dys-regulation of miRNAs is linked to tumour genesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of serum non-invasive biomarkers (micro-RNAs), miR-1246, miR-23a, and miR-451in CRC patients.
Methods: Peripheral expression of three miRNAs (miR-1246, miR-23a and miR-451) was investigated in sera of 37 CRC Egyptian patients and 30 healthy controls, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction trying to reach the optimal non-invasive combination of miRNAs.
Results: Serum miR-1246 was up-regulated in sera of CRC patients compared to normal controls (fold change = 3.55; P< 0.001) and showed 100% sensitivity and 80% specificity in diagnosis of CRC. Serum miR-451 was significantly down-reg- ulated in CRC patients (fold change = -4.86; p= 0.014), whereas, miR-23a was down-regulated but this was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Up-regulation of miR-1246 and down-regulation of miR-451 in the sera of primary CRC Egyptian patients were confirmed with high sensitivity and specificity. Large-scale studies on a wider spectrum of miRNAs in Egyptian CRC patients are needed.
Keywords: miR-1246; miR-451; miR-23a.