bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tonal marking of absolutive case in Samoan
Authors: Yu Kristine M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSamoan is an ergative-marking, (reportedly) non-tonal Polynesian language in which ergative case is marked segmentally, but absolutive case has been said to be unmarked. This paper shows that in fact, a high edge tone co-occurs with absolutive arguments, based on converging evidence from the phonetic and phonological analysis of intonational patterns in the spoken utterances of a systematically varied set of syntactic structures. This empirical observation raises puzzles that probe the nature of the syntax-prosody interface and the relation between tone and intonation: what is the relation between this absolutive high edge tone and: (i) other case markers in Samoan, which are all segmental?, and (ii) other high edge tones in Samoan that co-occur with fronted expressions and coordination? I propose that: (i) the absolutive high edge tone is a tonal case marker that may be related to an apparently moribund stressed, segmental absolutive particle [ˈia], (ii) the high tones that co-occur with absolutives, fronting, and coordination are all syntactically determined and each inserted in the spellout of distinct syntactic configurations, and (iii) there is another class of edge tones which reliably co-occur with pauses—intonational phrase boundary tones—that are not inserted in spellout but by the phonological grammar. While my proposal may seem surprising at first, I show that it fits the current data better than any alternative.
Comparison of dual based optimization methods for distributed trajectory optimization of coupled semi-batch processes
Authors: Maxeiner Lukas Samuel , Engell Sebastian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe physical and virtual connectivity of systems via flows of energy, material, information, etc., steadily increases. This paper deals with systems of sub-systems that are connected by networks of shared resources that have to be balanced. For the optimal operation of the overall system, the couplings between the sub-systems must be taken into account, and the overall optimum will usually deviate from the local optima of the sub-systems. However, for reasons, such as problem size, confidentiality, resilience to breakdowns, or generally when dealing with autonomous systems, monolithic optimization is often infeasible. In this contribution, iterative distributed optimization methods based on dual decomposition where the values of the objective functions of the different sub-systems do not have to be shared are investigated. We consider connected dynamic systems that share resources. This situation arises for continuous processes in transient conditions between different steady states and in inherently discontinuous processes, such as batch production processes. This problem is challenging since small changes during the iterations towards the satisfaction of the overarching constraints can lead to significant changes in the arc structures of the optimal solutions for the sub-systems. Moreover, meeting endpoint constraints at free final times complicates the problem. We propose a solution strategy for coupled semi-batch processes and compare different numerical approaches, the sub-gradient method, ADMM, and ALADIN, and show that convexification of the sub-systems around feasible points increases the speed of convergence while using second-order information does not necessarily do so. Since sharing of resources has an influence on whether trajectory dependent terminal constraints can be satisfied, we propose a heuristic for the computation of free final times of the sub-systems that allows the dynamic sub-processes to meet the constraints. For the example of several semi-batch reactors which are coupled via a bound on the total feed flow rate, we demonstrate that the distributed methods converge to (local) optima and highlight the strengths and the weaknesses of the different distributed optimization methods.
Practice makes perfect: Practice engagement theory and the development of adult literacy and numeracy proficiency
Authors: Reder Stephen , Gauly Britta , Lechner Clemens 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPractice engagement theory (PET) posits that individuals’ literacy proficiencies develop as a by-product of their engagement in everyday reading and writing practices and, reciprocally, that literacy proficiencies affect levels of engagement in reading and writing practices. This suggests that literacy training which increases engagement in meaningful practices might generate proficiency growth. Research has shown that this approach does indeed seem to be effective in improving (adult) learners’ literacy proficiency. A number of cross-sectional comparisons of participants’ and non-participants’ performance in various training activities, as well as quantitative modelling of adults’ proficiency growth in longitudinal studies have confirmed the theoretical assumptions of PET. The authors of this article describe the first application of PET to literacy and numeracy development in a longitudinal study of a nationally representative adult population. Their investigation followed a sample of adults initially interviewed and assessed in the German component of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), adding longitudinal data from three additional waves of the national extension study (PIAAC-L), which included repeated assessments of literacy and numeracy proficiency over a period of three years. The authors’ quantitative modelling of the growth of literacy and numeracy proficiency over time provides strong support for PET. Their comparisons of how various practice engagement indexes predict growth of literacy and numeracy proficiencies indicate that reading engagement is the strongest predictor of literacy growth and maths engagement is the strongest predictor of numeracy growth. The authors conclude their article by considering their findings’ implications for sustainable development, lifelong learning policy and future research into the development of adult literacy and numeracy proficiency.
The role of AIP variants in pituitary adenomas and concomitant thyroid carcinomas in the Netherlands: a nationwide pathology registry (PALGA) study
Authors: Coopmans E. C. , Muhammad A. , Daly A. F. , de Herder W. W. , van Kemenade F. J. , Beckers A. , de Haan M. , van der Lely A. J. , Korpershoek E. , Neggers S. J. C. M. M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Germline mutations in the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP) have been identified often in the setting of familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA). To date there is no strong evidence linking germline AIP mutations to other neoplasms apart from the pituitary. Our primary objective was to investigate the prevalence of AIP gene mutations and mutations in genes that have been associated with neuroendocrine tumors in series of tumors from patients presenting with both pituitary adenomas and differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs).

Methods
Pathology samples were retrieved from all pituitary adenomas in patients with concomitant DTCs, including one with a known germline AIP variant. Subsequently, two additional patients with known germline AIP variants were included, of which one presented only with a follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC).

Results
In total, 17 patients (14 DTCs and 15 pituitary adenomas) were investigated by targeted next generation sequencing (NGS). The pituitary tumor samples revealed no mutations, while among the thyroid tumor samples BRAF (6/14, 42.9%) was the most frequently mutated gene, followed by NRAS (3/11, 27.3%). In one AIP-mutated FIPA kindred, the AIP-variant c.853C>T; p.Q285* was confirmed in the FTC specimen, including evidence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the AIP locus in the tumor DNA.

Conclusion
Although most observed variants in pituitary adenomas and DTCs were similar to those of sporadic DTCs, we confirmed in one AIP mutation-positive case the AIP-variant and LOH at this locus in an FTC specimen, which raises the potential role of the AIP mutation as a rare initiating event.
Trends in CBCT current practice within three UK paediatric dental departments
Authors: Gallichan N. , Albadri S. , Dixon C. , Jorgenson K. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is used across all dental specialties and has a number of advantages compared to 2D images. The SEDENTEXCT guidelines provide a number of indications for the use, however there are currently no specific guidelines for paediatric dentistry. The aim of this study was to assess current practice of CBCT imaging within paediatric dental departments in England, audit compliance of CBCT justifications against the standards set by SEDENTEXCT and assess whether the use of CBCT affected the treatment plan for each individual patient.

Methods
From the retrospective analysis of CBCT examinations taken over a 4-year period across three dental hospitals in the north of England, the following data were collected: age at the time of exposure, clinical indication, region of interest (ROI) and diagnostic findings. Clinical notes were also used to identify whether the CBCT had an effect on the final treatment plan.

Results
A total of 335 CBCT examinations were performed, mean age: 11 years. The number of CBCTs increased each year with a twofold increase in the first 2 years. The main clinical indication in 46% of CBCT examinations was the assessment of localised developing dentition, 68% were in the upper anterior sextant and 61% of CBCT exams were in the mixed dentition age group. The investigations were justified in 100% of the cases.

Conclusion
The quantity of CBCT examination in paediatric dental patients is increasing to assist treatment planning but more often to enable improved surgical planning.
Mesh Migration Results in Asymptomatic Sigmoid Perforation as Long-Term Complication After Difficult TAPP: a Case Report
Authors: Liedtke Kim R. , Liedtke Claudia , Kleinwort Annabel , Döring Paula , Glitsch Anne S. , Schreiber André 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHernia surgery is the most common surgical procedure worldwide. Complications are very rare and usually manifest in recurrence or chronic pain. We report a rare case of mesh migration 14 years after initially complicated transabdominal preperitoneal plastic for left-sided inguinal hernia. The mesh migration resulted in a covered sigmoid perforation, which was completely asymptomatic and only noticed as a chance finding in a staging CT scan prior to irradiation therapy. However, after the onset of immunosuppressive therapy, an exacerbation of chronic, localized inflammation was expected. Therefore, open surgical anterior rectum resection was performed, and after a short hospital stay, the patient could be discharged home free of complaints. This case report aims to raise awareness of possible long-term complications of hernia repair when using non-absorbable meshes.
Reduction of the serotonin 5-HT1B and 5-HT2A receptor-mediated contraction of human pulmonary artery by the combined 5-HT1B receptor antagonist and serotonin transporter inhibitor LY393558
Authors: Baranowska-Kuczko Marta , Kozłowska Hanna , Schlicker Eberhard , Göthert Manfred , MacLean Margaret R. , Kozłowski Mirosław , Kloza Monika , Sadowska Olga , Malinowska Barbara 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
LY393558 is a combined antagonist of serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT1B receptors and inhibitor of serotonin transporter (SERT). LY393558 reduces 5-HT-induced vasoconstriction and remodelling of rat and/or mouse pulmonary arteries. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of LY393558 on the 5-HT-stimulated vasoconstriction of human pulmonary arteries (hPAs) and to determine the underlying mechanism(s).

Methods
Vascular effects of 5-HT receptor agonists, antagonists and a SERT inhibitor were examined in organ bath studies on intralobar hPAs obtained from patients during resection of lung carcinoma.

Results
Serotonin and agonists of the 5-HT1B receptor (5-carboxamidotryptamine, 5-CT) and 5-HT2A receptor (α-methyl-5-HT) contracted endothelium-intact hPAs in a concentration-dependent fashion. The 5-HT1B antagonists SB224289 and GR55562 reduced responses induced by 5-HT and 5-CT and the 5-HT2A antagonist ketanserin inhibited the effects of 5-HT and α-methyl-5-HT. Administration of the SERT inhibitor citalopram (at a concentration that failed to modify the 5-HT-induced vasoconstriction) in combination with SB224289 or GR55562 was more effective in inhibiting the response to 5-HT than the 5-HT1B antagonists alone. LY393558 showed the greatest antagonistic effect against the vasoconstriction elicited by 5-HT, 5-CT and α-methyl-5-HT.

Conclusions
LY393558 reduces the 5-HT-induced contraction antagonizing 5-HT1B and 5-HT2A receptors probably due to synergic interaction between SERT inhibition and 5-HT1B receptor antagonism. Thus, it might represent a valuable future option in the pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy.
In vitro evaluation of degradable electrospun polylactic acid/bioactive calcium phosphate ormoglass scaffolds
Authors: Majchrowicz Anna , Roguska A. , Krawczyńska A. , Lewandowska M. , Martí-Muñoz J. , Engel E. , Castano O. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Nowadays, the main limitation for clinical application of scaffolds is considered to be an insufficient vascularization of the implanted platforms and healing tissues. In our studies, we proposed a novel PLA-based hybrid platform with aligned and random fibrous internal structure and incorporated calcium phosphate (CaP) ormoglass nanoparticles (0, 10, 20 and 30 wt%) as an off-the-shelf method for obtaining scaffolds with pro-angiogenic properties. Complex morphological and physicochemical evaluation of PLA–CaP ormoglass composites was performed before and after in vitro degradation test in SBF solution to assess their biological potential. The degradation process of PLA–CaP ormoglass composites was accompanied by numerous CaP-based precipitations with extended topography and cauliflower-like shape which may enhance bonding of the material with the bone tissue and accelerate the regenerative process. Random fiber orientation was preferable for CaP compounds deposition upon in vitro degradation. CaP compounds precipitated firstly for randomly oriented composite nonwovens with 20 and 30 wt% addition of ormoglass. Moreover, the preliminary bioactivity test has shown that BSA adsorbed to PLA–CaP ormoglass composites (both aligned and randomly oriented) with 20 and 30 wt% of ormoglass nanoparticles which was not observed for pure PLA scaffolds.
Longitudinal Risk of Developing Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction—Which Patients Deserve More Attention?
Authors: Pozzi Edoardo , Capogrosso Paolo , Boeri Luca , Belladelli Federico , Baudo Andrea , Schifano Nicolò , Abbate Costantino , Dehò Federico , Montorsi Francesco , Salonia Andrea 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is widely considered as an early manifestation of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), sharing similar risk factors.

Aim
Assess rates and predictors of developing CVD and/or hypertension (HTN) over a long-term follow-up period using user-friendly and clinically reliable tools in men presenting with ED but without CVD/HTN or known vascular risk factors at baseline.

Methods
Data from 108 patients presenting between 2005 and 2011 with ED were analyzed. All patients were free from CVD and/or HTN (CVD/HTN) at baseline. Patients completed the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) at baseline and were followed up every 6 months with clinical assessment or phone interview. Kaplan-Meier analyses estimated the probability of developing CVD/HTN over time. Cox-regression models tested the association between patient baseline characteristics (for example, age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, baseline IIEF-EF, ED severity, alcohol intake, smoking), response to phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors (PDE5is), and the risk of developing CVD/HTN.

Results
Of all, 43 (40%) patients showed IIEF-EF scores suggestive of severe ED; 37 (39%) and 59 (61%) were nonresponders and responders to PDE5i, respectively. Median (interquartile range) age was 51 (41, 61) years. Median (interquartile range) follow-up was 95 (86-106) months. Overall, the estimated risk of developing CVD/HTN was 15% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9-27) at 10-year assessment. Men with baseline severe ED had a higher risk of developing CVD/HTN (34%; 95% CI: 17-59, P = .03) at 10 years than patients with mild to moderate ED (5% [95% CI: 2-14]). At the Cox regression analysis, severe ED (Hazard ratio [HR], 4.62; 95% CI: 1.43, 8.89; P = .01) and baseline IIEF-EF score (HR, 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.99; P = .02) were associated to the risk of CVD/HTN overtime. Conversely, age and nonresponders to PDE5is (HR, 0.92; 95% CI: 0.32, 2.68; P = .9) were not associated to a risk of CVD/HTN over time.

Clinical Implications
The use of an easy and user-friendly tool, as the IIEF-EF domain score, would allow to reliably assess which men with ED at first presentation may deserve a different, more specific and detailed cardiologic investigation to prevent inauspicious CV events.

Strengths & Limitations
A single-center-based, observational longitudinal study, raising the possibility of selection biases are the main limits.

Conclusions
Patients with severe ED and lower baseline IIEF-EF but no vascular risk factors at first presentation have more than 30% risk of developing CVD/HTN in 10-year time. Those patients may benefit from medical preventive strategies to lowering the risk of CV events and HTN.
Demarginalizing Standpoint Epistemology
Authors: Toole Briana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStandpoint epistemology, the view that social identity is relevant to knowledge-acquisition, has been consigned to the margins of mainstream philosophy. In part, this is because the principles of standpoint epistemology are taken to be in opposition to those which guide traditional epistemology. One goal of this paper is to tease out the characterization of traditional epistemology that is at odds with standpoint epistemology. The characterization of traditional epistemology that I put forth is one which endorses the thesis of intellectualism, the view that knowledge does not depend on non-epistemic features. I then suggest that two further components – the atomistic view of knowers and aperspectivalism – can be usefully interpreted as supporting features of intellectualism. A further goal of this paper is to show that we ought to resist this characterization of traditional epistemology. I use pragmatic encroachment as a dialectical tool to motivate the denial of intellectualism, and consequently, the denial of both supporting components. I then attempt to show how it is possible to have a view, similar to pragmatic encroachment, that takes social identity, rather than stakes, to be the feature that makes a difference to what a person is in a position to know.
The structure of emotional support networks in families affected by Lynch syndrome
Authors: Marcum Christopher Steven , Lea Dawn , Eliezer Dina , Hadley Donald W. , Koehly Laura M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGenetic risk is particularly salient for families and testing for genetic conditions is necessarily a family-level process. Thus, risk for genetic disease represents a collective stressor shared by family members. According to communal coping theory, families may adapt to such risk vis-a-vis interpersonal exchange of support resources. We propose that communal coping is operationalized through the pattern of supportive relationships observed between family members. In this study, we take a social network perspective to map communal coping mechanisms to their underlying social interactions and include those who declined testing or were not at risk for Lynch Syndrome. Specifically, we examine the exchange of emotional support resources in families at risk of Lynch Syndrome, a dominantly inherited cancer susceptibility syndrome. Our results show that emotional support resources depend on the testing-status of individual family members and are not limited to the bounds of the family. Network members from within and outside the family system are an important coping resource in this patient population. This work illustrates how social network approaches can be used to test structural hypotheses related to communal coping within a broader system and identifies structural features that characterize coping processes in families affected by Lynch Syndrome.
Plasma concentrations of vitamin B12 and folate and global cognitive function in an older population: cross-sectional findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)
Authors: O’Connor Deirdre M. A. , Laird Eamon J. , Carey Daniel , O’Halloran Aisling M. , Clarke Robert , Kenny R. A. , Molloy Anne M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe uncertainty surrounding high intakes of folic acid and associations with cognitive decline in older adults with low vitamin B12 status has been an obstacle to mandatory folic acid fortification for many years. We estimated the prevalence of combinations of low/normal/high vitamin B12 and folate status and compared associations with global cognitive function using two approaches, of individuals in a population-based study of those aged ≥50 years in the Republic of Ireland. Cross-sectional data from 3781 men and women from Wave 1 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing were analysed. Global cognitive function was assessed by the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Prevalence estimates for combinations of vitamin B12 (plasma vitamin B12 < or ≥258 pmol/l) and folate (plasma folate ≤ or >45·3 nmol/l) concentrations were generated. Negative binomial regression models were used to investigate the associations of vitamin B12 and folate status with global cognitive function. Of the participants, 1·5 % (n 51) had low vitamin B12 (<258 pmol/l) and high folate (>45·3 nmol/l) status. Global cognitive performance was not significantly reduced in these individuals when compared with those with normal status for both B-vitamins (n 2433). Those with normal vitamin B12/high folate status (7·6 %) had better cognitive performance (MMSE: incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0·82, 95 % CI 0·68, 0·99; P = 0·043, MoCA: IRR 0·89, 95 % CI 0·80, 0·99; P = 0·025). We demonstrated that high folate status was not associated with lower cognitive scores in older adults with low vitamin B12 status. These findings provide important safety information that could guide fortification policy recommendations in Europe.