bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insights in cerebral findings associated with fetal myelomeningocele: a retrospective cohort study in a single tertiary centre
Authors: Maurice P , Garel J , Garel C , Dhombres F , Friszer S , Guilbaud L , Maisonneuve E , Ducou Le Pointe H , Blondiaux E , Jouannic J‐M 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate cerebral anomalies other than Chiari type 2 malformation in fetuses with myelomeningocele (MMC).DesignA retrospective cohort study in a single tertiary centre.SettingA review of associated cerebral anomalies in cases with prenatal diagnosis of myelomeningocele.PopulationSeventy cases of fetal myelomeningocele.MethodsUltrasound and MRI images were blindly reviewed. Postnatal imaging and results of the postmortem results were also reviewed. The association between cerebral anomalies and the following ultrasound findings was measured: level of the defect, ventriculomegaly, microcephaly and fetal talipes.Main outcome measuresA microcephaly was observed in 32/70 cases (46%) and a ventriculomegaly was observed in 39/70 cases (56%). Other cerebral anomalies were diagnosed in 47/70 (67%).ResultsOther cerebral anomalies were represented by 42/70 cases with abnormal CC (60%), 8/70 cases with perinodular heterotopia (PNH; 11%), 2/70 cases with abnormal gyration (3%). MRI performed only in fetal surgery cases confirmed the ulltrasound findings in all cases and provided additional findings in two cases (PNH). Risk ratios of fetal cerebral anomalies associated with MMC did not reach significance for microcephaly, ventriculomegaly, talipes or the level of the defect There was an overall good correlation between pre‐ and postnatal findings with a Kappa value of 0.79 [95% CI 0.57–1] and 82% agreement.ConclusionFetal brain anomalies other than Chiari type 2 malformation are frequently observed in fetuses with myelomeningocele, predominantly represented by CC anomalies. Whether these associated cerebral anomalies have an impact on selecting cases eligible for fetal surgery needs further evaluation.Tweetable abstractFetal cerebral anomalies other than Chiari type 2 malformation, microcephaly, and ventriculomegaly may be associated with MMC in up to 67% of the cases.
Ultrasonic pretreatment improved the antioxidant potential of enzymatic protein hydrolysates from highland barley brewer's spent grain (BSG)
Authors: Ikram Sana , Zhang Huijuan , Ahmed Muhammad Saad , Wang Jing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHighland barley brewer's spent grain (BSG), being China's brewing industry's major by‐product is the focus of current research. The aim of the present study was to scrutinize the effects of ultrasound and heat pretreatments on enzymatic hydrolysis of highland barley BSG protein hydrolysates (HBSGPH) and evaluate the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis time on the antioxidant activity of hydrolysates by Alcalase. Different ultrasonic waves (40 and 50 kHz) and heat pretreatment temperatures (50 and 100 °C) were chosen and the pretreatment time was 15, 30, and 60 min. The obtained results revealed that the ultrasound pretreatment of highland barley BSG protein at 40 and 50 kHz has significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced about 57 and 67% of oxygen radical absorption capacity of obtained hydrolysate over the untreated substrate. The 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhdrazl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (DRSA) 28%, metal chelating activity (MCA) 54%, superoxide radical scavenging activity (SRSA) 18%, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA) 25% of HBSGPH at 50 kHz were also improved (P < 0.05) significantly. HBSGPH from heat treatment at 100 °C showed no SRSA and HRSA scavenging activities but improved significantly (P < 0.05) about 27% ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay values. In the present work, the resultant HBSGPH had stronger antioxidant properties with ultrasound pretreatment at 50 kHz and the enzymatic hydrolysis after 4 hr was facilitating the enzymatic release of antioxidant peptides from HBSGPH.Practical ApplicationHighland barley BSG is attracting toward natural food products due to its potent natural antioxidants to overcome the risk of diseases and are beneficial for human health.
Lifespan of long‐lived growth hormone receptor knockout mice was not normalized by housing at 30°C since weaning
Authors: Fang Yimin , McFadden Samuel , Darcy Justin , Hascup Erin R. , Hascup Kevin N. , Bartke Andrzej 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGrowth hormone receptor knockout (GHRKO) mice are remarkably long‐lived and have improved glucose homeostasis along with altered energy metabolism which manifests through decreased respiratory quotient (RQ) and increased oxygen consumption (VO2). Short‐term exposure of these animals to increased environmental temperature (eT) at 30°C can normalize their VO2 and RQ. We hypothesized that increased heat loss in the diminutive GHRKO mice housed at 23°C and the consequent metabolic adjustments to meet the increased energy demand for thermogenesis may promote extension of longevity, and preventing these adjustments by chronic exposure to increased eT will reduce or eliminate their longevity advantage. To test these hypotheses, GHRKO mice were housed at increased eT (30°C) since weaning. Here, we report that contrasting with the effects of short‐term exposure of adult GHRKO mice to 30°C, transferring juvenile GHRKO mice to chronic housing at 30°C did not normalize the examined parameters of energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis. Moreover, despite decreased expression levels of thermogenic genes in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and elevated core body temperature, the lifespan of male GHRKO mice was not reduced, while the lifespan of female GHRKO mice was increased, along with improved glucose homeostasis. The results indicate that GHRKO mice have intrinsic features that help maintain their delayed, healthy aging, and extended longevity at both 23°C and 30°C.
Can multitasking influence professional scepticism?
Authors: Fehrenbacher Dennis D. , Triki Anis , Weisner Martin Michael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMotivated by concerns about the adverse effects of multitasking in audit practice and research that highlights the effects of mindset orientation on professional scepticism, we investigate how the performance of tasks consistent with different mindset orientations affects auditors’ professional scepticism in a subsequent, unrelated task. Results show that auditors who first complete a task that requires concrete (abstract) thinking display greater professional scepticism during a subsequent, unrelated task that involves evaluating a narrow and complete set of evidence (a broad and incomplete set of evidence). We discuss the implications for professional scepticism in multitasking environments.
Who detects corporate fraud under the thriving of the new media? Evidence from Chinese‐listed firms
Authors: Sun Yanmei , Sun Xiaoting , Wu Weixing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe test the effectiveness of corporate fraud‐detection mechanisms and the reaction of the capital market to the information released by the various types of detectors. Using corporate fraud data from 2006 to 2015, we find that the media is the most important external market system used to expose corporate fraud to the public. However, in contrast to the low incidents of fraudulent firms being exposed by analysts and short sellers, firms with abnormal short selling are more likely to be revealed to the public. Furthermore, the market reacts significantly negatively to the frauds exposed by the media.
Calculating autoecological data (optima and tolerance range) for multiple species with the ‘optimos.prime’ R package
Authors: Sathicq María Belén , Nicolosi Gelis María Mercedes , Cochero Joaquín 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe calculation of autoecological data, such as optima and tolerance ranges to environmental variables, can be useful to establish the distribution and abundance of the species. These calculations, although mathematically not complex, can be prone to error when using a large database. We show how to calculate the optimum value and tolerance ranges of multiple species to multiple environmental factors in a single run, by weighted average using a specific R package (‘optimos.prime’). Using sample data from a phytoplankton database, we exemplify the use of the R package and its functions. A stand‐alone version for Windows is also provided, and source code and documents are freely available on GitHub to encourage collaborative work.
Rainforest expansion reduces understorey plant diversity and density in open forest of eastern Australia
Authors: Baker Andrew G. , Catterall Claudia , Benkendorff Kirsten , Fensham Rod J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe expansion of rainforest pioneer trees into long‐unburnt open forests has become increasingly widespread across high rainfall regions of Australia. Increasing tree cover can limit resource availability for understorey plant communities and reduce understorey diversity. However, it remains unclear if sclerophyll and rainforest trees differ in their competitive exclusion of understory plant communities, which contain most of the floristic diversity of open forests. Here, we examine dry open forest across contrasting fire histories (burnt and unburnt) and levels of rainforest invasion (sclerophyll or rainforest midstorey) to hindcast changes in understorey plant density, richness and composition. The influence of these treatments and other site variables (midstorey structure, midstorey composition and soil parameters) on understorey plant communities were all examined. This study is the first to demonstrate significantly greater losses of understorey species richness, particularly of dry open‐forest specialists, under an invading rainforest midstorey compared to a typical sclerophyll midstorey. Rainforest pioneers displaced over half of the understorey plant species, and reduced ground cover and density of dry forest specialists by ~90%. Significant understorey declines also occurred with increased sclerophyll midstorey cover following fire exclusion, although losses were typically less than half that of rainforest‐invaded sites over the same period. Understorey declines were closely related to leaf area index and basal area of rainforest and wattle trees, suggesting competitive exclusion through shading and potentially belowground competition for water. Around 20% of displaced species lacked any capacity for population recovery, while transient seed banks or distance‐limited dispersal may hinder recovery for a further 68%. We conclude that rainforest invasion leads to significant declines in understorey plant diversity and cover in open forests. To avoid elimination of local native plant populations in open forests, fires should occur with sufficient frequency to prevent overstorey cover from reaching a level where shade‐intolerant species fail to thrive.
Environmental drivers of the metacommunity structure of insects on the surface of tropical streams of the Amazon
Authors: Cunha Erlane José , Juen Leandro 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how species are distributed according to environmental and spatial variation is still one of the main issues in community ecology. We analysed the responses of semiaquatic bugs (Gerromorpha: Hemiptera) to environmental and spatial processes considered drivers of metacommunity structure in Amazonian streams. We tested the hypotheses that environmental variables determine the metacommunity structure and that the spatial structures, both dendritic and overland, are not representative of the metacommunity structure. Environmental variables and semiaquatic bugs were collected from 39 stream sites. Spatial variables were calculated in two configurations – overland and hydrographic distances between streams. We used partial redundancy analysis to test the relative importance of environment and space on the metacommunity structure, considering the two spatial configurations separately. The environmental variables were the metacommunity drivers in tropical streams, mainly structured by the depth, canopy, embeddedness and slope variables. Our results also indicate little or no dispersion limitation, as no spatial patterns were found. Thus, environmental selection determines the semiaquatic bugs' metacommunity structure due to the achievement of optimal habitats through dispersal. We also believe that dispersion cannot be ruled out as a metacommunity driver, since the peculiarities of the group show seasonal changes in dispersion ability, and spatial patterns may occur under different temporal scales.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of T‐wave amplitude difference between supine and orthostatic electrocardiogram in children and adolescents with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Authors: Wang Yuwen , Xu Yi , Li Fang , Lin Ping , Zhang Juan , Zou Runmei , Wang Cheng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of T‐wave amplitude difference between supine and orthostatic electrocardiogram (ECG) in children and adolescents with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS).MethodsA total of 100 children and adolescents (POTS group, 50 males and 50 females, aged at 11.0 ± 2.4 years) diagnosed as POTS were enrolled from August 2013 to July 2016. Seventy‐one children were matched as the control group according to age and sex. All cases completed the supine and orthostatic ECG.Results(a) Compared with the control group, the T‐wave amplitude difference in leads I, II, aVL, V4, V5, and V6 and the heart rate (HR) difference increased in POTS group. (b) Logistic regression analysis: The T‐wave amplitude difference in leads V4, V5, and V6 and HR difference have statistical significance for POTS diagnosis. (c) Diagnostic test evaluation: When HR difference was ≥ 15 times/min, T‐wave amplitude difference in lead V5 was ≥0.15 mV, T‐wave amplitude difference in leads V4 and V6 were ≥0.10 mV, and the sensitivity and specificity of POTS diagnosis were 35.0% and 88.7%. (d) Follow‐up: There was no significant difference in HR difference and T‐wave amplitude difference in the nonresponse groups. In the response group, the T‐wave amplitude difference in lead V4 was reduced than the initial value.ConclusionsThe HR difference and T‐wave amplitude difference in leads V4, V5, and V6 between supine and orthostatic ECG are of help in assisting the diagnosis of POTS but no obviously significance on prognosis estimation of it.
Geopolicing Race, Gender, and Class: How the Police Immobilise Urban Allochthones
Authors: Çankaya Sinan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCity landscapes are ever‐changing stages for the protagonists that pass through it. For police officers they serve as canvasses to positively and negatively code subjects. As such, geography matters to the body. Rather than taking geographic locations, crime statistics, predictive maps and human bodies as objective truths, I focus on the work of police officers, not in terms of an instrumental‐rational “meeting of policy targets” or attempts to reduce crime, but the work required to make raced, gendered and classed geographical differentiations. This process culminates in geopolicing: the spatial imaginations and practices of police officers as to who, what and where to police and, of course, why. Geopolicing includes the aesthetic re‐ordering and cleansing of urban “matter out of place”. Police officers perceive exclusionary territories in which landscapes racialised as white and identified as affluent are threatened by urban allochthones identified by class, race, gender, age and residential status. The findings are based on my ethnography among police officers in the city of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, between 2007 and 2011.
#WeAreBeneficiaries: Contesting Poverty Stigma Through Social Media
Authors: Meese Holly , Baker Tom , Sisson Alistair 
Published: February 2020

AbstractShowcasing stories of welfare beneficiaries in their own words, a recent Aotearoa (New Zealand)‐based campaign called “We Are Beneficiaries” used social media to create a space of contestation to the widespread stigmatisation of poverty. While existing literature strongly emphasises the role played by traditional media in constructing and reinforcing stigma, and has more recently begun to explore resistance and contestation, relatively few accounts address efforts, like the We Are Beneficiaries campaign, that seek to destigmatise poverty stigma via social media. Accordingly, this paper argues that social media can serve as a counterpublic space for the destigmatisation of poverty. By discussing how the We Are Beneficiaries campaign refuted stigmatising narratives, critiqued institutions and sought to build solidarity among and with welfare beneficiaries, the paper draws attention to the potential of social media in the development of counterdiscourses as well as new political identities and claims‐making.
Efficacy of cognitive‐behavioral group therapy in patients at risk for serious mental illness presenting with subthreshold bipolar symptoms: Results from a prespecified interim analysis of a multicenter, randomized, controlled study
Authors: Leopold Karolina , Bauer Michael , Bechdolf Andreas , Correll Christoph U. , Holtmann Martin , Juckel Georg , Lambert Martin , Meyer Thomas D. , Pfeiffer Steffi , Kittel‐Schneider Sarah , Reif Andreas , Stamm Thomas J. , Rottmann‐Wolf Maren , Mathiebe Josephine , Kellmann Eva L. , Ritter Philipp , Krüger‐Özgürdal Seza , Karow Anne , Sondergeld Lene‐Marie , Roessner Veit , Sauer Cathrin , Pfennig Andrea 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveMost patients with bipolar disorders (BD) exhibit prodromal symptoms before a first (hypo)manic episode. Patients with clinically significant symptoms fulfilling at‐risk criteria for serious mental illness (SMI) require effective and safe treatment. Cognitive‐behavioral psychotherapy (CBT) has shown promising results in early stages of BD and in patients at high risk for psychosis. We aimed to investigate whether group CBT can improve symptoms and functional deficits in young patients at risk for SMI presenting with subthreshold bipolar symptoms.MethodIn a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial, patients at clinical risk for SMI presenting with subthreshold bipolar symptoms aged 15‐30 years were randomized to 14 weeks of at‐risk for BD‐specific group CBT or unstructured group meetings. Primary efficacy endpoints were differences in affective symptomatology and psychosocial functioning at 14 weeks. At‐risk status was defined as a combination of subthreshold bipolar symptomatology, reduction of psychosocial functioning and a family history for (schizo)affective disorders. A prespecified interim analysis was conducted at 75% of the targeted sample.ResultsOf 128 screened participants, 75 were randomized to group CBT (n = 38, completers = 65.8%) vs unstructured group meetings (n = 37, completers = 78.4%). Affective symptomatology and psychosocial functioning improved significantly at week 14 (P < .001) and during 6 months (P < .001) in both groups, without significant between‐group differences. Findings are limited by the interim character of the analysis, the use of not fully validated early detection interviews, a newly adapted intervention manual, and the substantial drop‐outs.ConclusionsResults suggest that young patients at‐risk for SMI presenting with subthreshold bipolar symptoms benefit from early group sessions. The degree of specificity and psychotherapeutic interaction needed requires clarification.
Association of CRX genotypes and retinal phenotypes confounded by variable expressivity and electronegative electroretinogram
Authors: Nishiguchi Koji M. , Kunikata Hiroshi , Fujita Kosuke , Hashimoto Kazuki , Koyanagi Yoshito , Akiyama Masato , Ikeda Yasuhiro , Momozawa Yukihide , Sonoda Koh‐Hei , Murakami Akira , Wada Yuko , Nakazawa Toru 
Published: February 2020

AbstractImportanceA framework for understanding the phenotypic features of CRX retinopathy was established.BackgroundTo perform a phenotype‐genotype correlation analysis in two groups of patients with heterozygous mutations in distinct locations of the CRX gene, encoding the cone‐rod homeobox.DesignMulticentre retrospective study.ParticipantsTwenty‐one Japanese patients from 14 families with a heterozygous CRX mutation.MethodsRetrospective data analysis.Main Outcome MeasuresClinical records on CRX mutation, symptoms, best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field, fundus photography, fundus auto‐fluorescence, optical coherence tomography and electroretinograms (ERGs).ResultsSix different CRX heterozygous mutations were identified in the subjects. Twelve patients from 9 families shared the p.R41W mutation and 1 patient had the p.R43C mutation, both of which affect the homeobox domain of CRX. These patients often displayed adult‐onset retinal dystrophy with macular degeneration. In contrast, five patients with downstream mutations (p.S204fs, p.S213fs, p.G243X and p.L299F) displayed retinal degeneration or macular degeneration with bone‐spicule pigmentation. Three asymptomatic carriers with different mutations (p.R41W, p.S213fs and p.G243X) were present in both groups. Nearly all patients and carriers had an electronegative ERG in response to a bright flash under dark adaptation. There was no cross‐sectional association between patients' age and BCVA, despite progressive decline in BCVA.Conclusions and RelevanceHeterozygous mutations within or downstream of the homeobox domain in CRX relate to the difference associated retinal phenotypes, which was confounded by variable expressivity and electronegative ERGs. CRX mutations should be considered in patients with an electronegative ERG with minimal or no macular changes.
Association of Karnofsky Performance Status with waitlist mortality among older and younger adults awaiting kidney transplantation
Authors: Sheshadri Anoop , Cullaro Giuseppe , Johansen Kirsten L. , Lai Jennifer C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPatients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) have impaired functional status compared with the general population. We sought to explore the association between Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) and death/delisting from the kidney transplantation waitlist and whether this association differed by age. Patients listed for single‐organ kidney transplantation in the United Network for Organ Sharing/Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network from January 1, 2015, to January 1, 2018, were included. We performed competing‐risk regression analyses to determine the association between KPS (“Severely impaired”, “Moderately impaired”, “Non‐impaired”) and death/delisting, with deceased‐donor kidney transplantation as a competing risk. We tested for interactions between age and KPS on death/delisting. Of the 89,819 patients analyzed, 39% were impaired (KPS < 80) and 20% were aged ≥ 65 years. Older age and lower KPS were independently associated with higher risk of death/delisting (age 45‐64 years, HR 1.97 [95% CI 1.73‐2.24]; age ≥ 65 years, HR 3.62 [95% CI 3.33‐3.92] compared with age < 45 years; moderately impaired, HR 1.68 [95% CI 1.45‐1.95]; severely impaired, HR 4.80 [95% CI 3.71‐6.21] compared with non‐impaired). Lower KPS was associated with higher risk of death/delisting among all ages, but this effect was slightly less pronounced among individuals aged ≥ 65 years. Performance status should be used when counseling patients with ESRD on their risks for death/delisting.