bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cycling policy in strategic documents of Polish cities
Authors: Kwiatkowski Michał Adam , Szymańska Daniela 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCycling transport fits well into the principles of sustainable development of cities and regions. Cycling policy is more and more often reflected in various strategic documents which are to set out measures to increase the share of cycling in urban transport. The paper evaluates the manner of implementing the assumptions of sustainable transport through the analysis of strategic documents from Polish cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants. The study was carried out in four stages. Firstly, the authors reviewed literature and reference material, i.e. strategic documents at European and national level. In the second stage, they analysed the strategies of urban development, indicating areas of urban development in which issues related to cycling were placed. The third phase focused on the additional (substantive) strategic documents related to transport and cycling—urban cycling policies. The task here was to assess their completeness and conformity with the guidelines of the European Commission concerning the creation of cycling policy. In the last stage of the study, the authors assessed whether measures for the development of cycling infrastructure were implemented in the studied cities: changes to the cycling infrastructure of the said cities were analysed by determining the dynamics of changes in the length of cycle paths and the availability of bicycle-sharing systems. The study showed the cohesion of cycling policies of Polish cities with higher-level (European and national) documents. It was also confirmed that in the majority of analysed documents the passages concerning cycling are prepared in the context of urban transport.
Williamson On the Margins of Knowledge: A Criticism
Authors: De Florio Ciro , Fano Vincenzo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we argue that Williamson’s arguments against luminosity and the KK principle do not work, at least in a scientific context. Both of these arguments are based on the presence of a so-called “buffer zone” between situations in which one is in a position to know p and situations in which one is in a position to know ¬p. In those positions belonging to the buffer zone ¬p holds, but one is not in a position to know ¬p. The presence of this buffer zone triggers two types of sorites arguments. We show that this kind of argument does not hold in a scientific context, where the buffer zone is controlled by a quantitative measurement of the experimental error.
Transfer of invertebrates with hay during restoration operations of extensively managed grasslands in Switzerland
Authors: Stöckli Ariane , Slodowicz Daniel , Arlettaz Raphaël , Humbert Jean-Yves 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Hay transfer from a speciose donor meadow to a species-poor receiver grassland is an established method to restore species-rich grassland plant communities. However, it has rarely been investigated to which extent invertebrates can be transferred with hay during such operations, which was the aim of this study.

Methods
Sampling was conducted in eight sites of the Swiss lowlands with one donor meadow and two receiver sites each. On the receiver sites, three to four white bed sheets of one square meter each were deployed on the ground to receive a standard quantity of fresh hay just transferred from the donor meadow. All living invertebrates were collected from these sheets with an aspirator and subsequently identified to order level.

Results
On average (± SD), 9.2 ± 11.3 living invertebrates per square meter were transferred with the hay. Beetles were the most abundant species group, representing 46.9% of all transferred invertebrates, followed by true bugs (8.9%) and spiders (7.0%). More individuals were transferred when the donor meadow was mown with a hand motor bar mower than with a rotary disc mower. Similarly, more invertebrates were transferred when the hay was transported loosely with a forage wagon than compacted as bales.

Discussion
While this study demonstrates that living invertebrates can be transferred with the hay, their subsequent survival and establishment remains to be explored.

Implications for insect conservation
We recommend using a hand motor bar mower and a forage wagon for increasing the survival probability of invertebrates in hay transfer.
An effective approach for the dual-resource flexible job shop scheduling problem considering loading and unloading
Authors: Wu Xiuli , Peng Junjian , Xiao Xiao , Wu Shaomin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMany manufacturing systems need more than one type of resource to co-work with. Commonly studied flexible job shop scheduling problems merely consider the main resource such as machines and ignore the impact of other types of resource. As a result, scheduling solutions may not put into practice. This paper therefore studies the dual resource constrained flexible job shop scheduling problem when loading and unloading time (DRFJSP-LU) of the fixtures is considered. It formulates a multi-objective mathematical model to jointly minimize the makespan and the total setup time. Considering the influence of resource requirement similarity among different operations, we propose a similarity-based scheduling algorithm for setup-time reduction (SSA4STR) and then an improved non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) to optimize the DRFJSP-LU. Experimental results show that the SSA4STR can effectively reduce the loading and unloading time of fixtures while ensuring a level of makespan. The experiments also verify that the scheduling solution with multiple resources has a greater guiding effect on production than the scheduling result with a single resource.
Multimodal and scale-sensitive assessment of sense of place in residential areas of Ankara, Turkey
Authors: Gokce Duygu , Chen Fei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn order to make the phenomenological concept sense of place (SoP) pragmatic in design and planning, this research investigates the SoP indicators concerning spatial scales of the physical environment. Seven indicators are extracted from the literature, namely ‘place identity’, ‘place dependence’, ‘nature bonding’, ‘social bonding’, ‘sense of belonging’, ‘familiarity’ and ‘social interaction’. In this paper, their relevance was discussed against ‘place attachment’ which is used interchangeably with SoP in the literature. ‘Place attachment’ and the seven indicators were scored through interviews with residents in general and at the the building, street and neighbourhood scales, in six housing developments selected from Ankara, Turkey. The residents rated their experiences regarding a set of statements for each indicator using the seven-point Likert scale. The data sets then were validated statistically. The correlations between each indicator and ‘place attachment’ in general and at the three scales were identified. The results showed that ‘place identity’ and ‘place dependence’ were the most relevant indicators to SoP, at the street and neighbourhood scales in particular. The second most relevant indicators were ‘sense of belonging’ and ‘social bonding’ at the building and street scales and ‘social interaction’ at the street scale. The research suggests that these five indicators could be employed to evaluate SoP at all scales or guide place-making at a particular spatial scale in planning and design.
Measuring Discrepancies Between Poisson and Exponential Hawkes Processes
Authors: Foschi Rachele 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPoisson processes are widely used to model the occurrence of similar and independent events. However they turn out to be an inadequate tool to describe a sequence of (possibly differently) interacting events. Many phenomena can be modelled instead by Hawkes processes. In this paper we aim at quantifying how much a Hawkes process departs from a Poisson one with respect to different aspects, namely, the behaviour of the stochastic intensity at jump times, the cumulative intensity and the interarrival times distribution. We show how the behaviour of Hawkes processes with respect to these three aspects may be very irregular. Therefore, we believe that developing a single measure describing them is not efficient, and that, instead, the departure from a Poisson process with respect to any different aspect should be separately quantified, by means of as many different measures. Key to defining these measures will be the stochastic intensity and the integrated intensity of a Hawkes process, whose properties are therefore analysed before introducing the measures. Such quantities can be also used to detect mistakes in parameters estimation.
The use of a surgical planning tool for evaluating the optimal surgical accessibility to the stapedius muscle via a retrofacial approach during cochlear implant surgery: a feasibility study
Authors: Marquez Pedro , Volk Gerd Fabian , Maule Francesca , Korth Daniela , Bitter Thomas , Koscielny Sven , Aschenbach René , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
During cochlear implant (CI) surgery, visual detection of the stapedius reflex as movements of the stapes tendon, electrically elicited via the CI, is a standard measure to confirm the system's functionality. Direction visualization of the stapedius muscle (SM) movements might be more reliable, but a safe access to the small SM is not defined. A new surgical planning tool for pre-operative evaluation of the accessibility to the stapedius muscle (SM) during a cochlear implantation (CI) via a retrofacial approach was now evaluated.

Methods
A surgical planning tool was developed in MATLAB using an image processing algorithm to evaluate drilling feasibility. A flat-panel computed tomography (CT) combining a rotational angiographic C-arm units with flat-panel detectors (Dyna-CT) was used. In total, 30 3D Dyna-CT-based temporal bone reconstructions were evaluated by automatized algorithms, generating a series of trajectories and comparing their feasibility and safety to reach the SM via a retrofacial approach. The predictability of the surgical planning tool results was tested in 5 patients.

Results
The surgical planning tool showed that a retrofacial access to the SM would be feasible in 25/30 cases. Moreover, the evaluation of the predictability of the results obtained with the surgical planning tool conducted during 5 CI surgeries confirmed the results. Both the surgical planning tool and the results on SM accessibility via retrofacial approach during CI showed that this is safe and feasible only when the SM-exposed area was > 25% of its total, the distance between the SM and the facial nerve was > 0.8 mm, and the surgical corridor diameter was > 3 mm.

Conclusion
The surgical planning tool seems to be useful for the pre-operative evaluation of the accessibility to the SM during a CI surgery via a retrofacial approach. Further prospective studies are needed to validate the results in larger cohorts.
Closed-loop control of product geometry by using an artificial neural network in incremental sheet forming with active medium
Authors: Thiery S. , Zein El Abdine M. , Heger J. , Ben Khalifa N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA strategy to adjust the product geometry autonomously through an online control of the manufacturing process in incremental sheet forming with active medium is presented. An axial force sensor and a laser distance sensor are integrated into the process setup to measure the forming force and the product height, respectively. Experiments are conducted to estimate the bulging behavior for different pre-determined tool paths. An artificial neural network is consequently trained based on the experimental data to continuously predict the pressure levels required to control the final product height. The predicted pressure is part of a closed-loop control to improve the geometrical accuracy of formed parts. Finally, experiments were conducted to verify the results, where truncated cones with different dimensions were formed with and without the closed-loop control. The results indicate that this strategy enhances the geometrical accuracy of the parts and can potentially be expanded to be implemented for different types of material and geometries.
Galling phenomena in metal forming
Authors: Dohda Kuniaki , Yamamoto Masahito , Hu Chengliang , Dubar Laurent , Ehmann Kornel F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGalling phenomena in metal forming not only affect the quality of the engineered surfaces but also the success or failure of the manufacturing operation itself. This paper reviews the different galling conditions in sheet and bulk metal forming processes along with their evolution and the effects of temperature on galling. A group of anti-galling methods employed to prevent galling defects are also presented in detail. The techniques for quantitatively measuring galling are introduced, and the related prediction models, including friction, wear, and galling growth models, are presented to better understand the underlying phenomena. Galling phenomena in other processes similar to those occurring in metal forming are also examined to suggest different ways of further studying galling in metal forming. Finally, future research directions for the study of galling in metal forming are suggested.
A Rapid Review of Prescribing Education Interventions
Authors: Omer Usmaan , Danopoulos Evangelos , Veysey Martin , Crampton Paul , Finn Gabrielle 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Many studies conducted on the causes and nature of prescribing errors have highlighted the inadequacy of teaching and training of prescribers. Subsequently, a rapid review was undertaken to update on the nature and effectiveness of educational interventions aimed at improving the prescribing skills and competencies.

Methods
Twenty-two studies taking place between 2009 and 2019 were identified across nine databases.

Results and Discussion
This review reinforced the importance of the WHO Guide to Good Prescribing to prescribing curriculum design as well as the effectiveness of small group teaching. However, it also highlighted the lack of innovation in prescribing education and lack of longitudinal follow-up regarding the effectiveness of prescribing education interventions.
“Smoke on the beach”: on the use of economic vs behavioral policies to reduce environmental pollution by cigarette littering
Authors: Castaldi Gionata , Cecere Grazia , Zoli Mariangela 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCigarette filters, the most commonly littered item worldwide, are one of the main sources of marine pollution. However, reducing cigarette littering is a serious challenge for policy makers and environmental authorities: traditional instruments like bans and fines are generally ineffective. In this article, we evaluate the impact of two interventions aimed at reducing smokers’ littering in public areas, like beaches. We run a field experiment at eight beach resorts in the north east coast of Italy. Resorts were randomly assigned to three groups: in the first, we introduced portable ashtrays to test whether smokers respond to the lower effort costs (time plus inconvenience) by disposing of litter properly. In the second set, we added a social cue. The third group of resorts was used as a control with no intervention. Results suggest that reducing the private costs of a proper disposal through mobile ashtrays significantly affects littering, leading to a reduction of 10–12% in the number of cigarette filters dropped in the sand compared to beaches with no ashtrays. Reinforcing this measure with social prompts does not significantly increase the impact driven by the introduction of mobile ashtrays.
Experience of treating pediatric hepatoblastoma at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia – Timely surgical intervention playing a key role
Authors: AlFawaz Ibrahim , Ahmed Basheer , Ali Afshan , Ayas Mouhab , AlKofide Amani , Habib Zakaria , Siddiqui Khawar 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Many studies have demonstrated that outcome in patients with hepatoblastoma is determined by tumor resectability and the presence or absence of metastatic disease.

Purpose:
To evaluate and disseminate information on diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of hepatoblastoma patients at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Patients and methods:
Twenty-four pediatric patients with hepatoblastoma were treated at our institution between January 2005 and December 2012. The majority of our patients were stage III and above, while one-third of them presented with metastatic disease. Four (16.7%) had vascular invasion. Two-thirds of our patients (n = 16, 66.7%) had alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level above 100,000 ng/mL. Twenty-one patients underwent surgery; two had upfront surgery before getting any chemotherapy, and 15 had surgery on schedule after pre-operative chemotherapy. Four patients had delayed surgery as the tumor was not resectable and received extra cycles of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy regimens used were based on SIOPEL study protocols until 2011 and Children's Oncology Group (COG) protocol from 2012 onwards. Relapse, progressive disease, or death from any cause were defined as events.

Results:
Five-year overall survival (OS) of the cohort over a median follow-up time of 56.1 months was 70.6% ± 9.4% with seven (29.2%) events of mortality. No significant difference was found for age at diagnosis (less than 2 years vs. more), stage of disease, AFP levels (less than 100,000 vs. more), vascular invasion, or presence of metastatic disease at presentation in terms of OS. However, children receiving upfront or scheduled as-per-protocol surgery fared better than those who had delayed surgery (as the tumor was not resectable and they received extra cycles of chemotherapy) or did not undergo any surgery (P-Value .001).

Conclusion:
Favorable survival outcome could be achieved with complete tumor excision and adjuvant chemotherapy. Inability to perform surgical excision was the single most important predictor of mortality in our patients.
How Much Can We Ask of Collective Agents?
Authors: Collins Stephanie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAre obligations of collective agents—such as states, businesses, and non-profits—ever overdemanding? I argue they are not. I consider two seemingly attractive routes to collective overdemandingness: that an obligation is overdemanding on a collective just if the performance would be overdemanding for members; and that an obligation is overdemanding on a collective just if the performance would frustrate the collective’s permissible deep preferences. I reject these. Instead, collective overdemandingness complaints should be reinterpreted as complaints about inability or third-party costs. These are not the same as overdemandingness. Accordingly, we can ask an awful lot of collective agents.
Safety and Confidence in Local Law Enforcement and Government During Serial Shooting Events: Association With Daily Life Activities
Authors: Mash Holly B. Herberman , Fullerton Carol S. , Ursano Robert J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:This study examined the relationship of perceived safety and confidence in local law enforcement and government to changes in daily life activities during the Washington, DC, sniper attacks.Methods:Participants were 1238 residents from the Washington, DC metropolitan area who were assessed using an Internet survey that included items related to safety at work, at home, and in general, confidence in law enforcement/government, and changes in routine daily life activities.Results:A majority of participants (52%, n = 640) reported changing their daily life activities, with approximately one-third identifying changes related to being in large places and getting gas. Perceived safety was associated with confidence in local law enforcement/government. After adjusting for demographics, lower feelings of safety and less confidence in law enforcement/government were related to a higher likelihood of altered daily activities. Confidence in local law enforcement/government modified the association of safety with changes in daily activities. Among participants with high safety, less confidence in local law enforcement/government was associated with greater changes in daily life activities.Conclusions:Serial shooting events affect feelings of safety and disrupt routine life activities. Focus on enhancing experiences of safety and confidence in local law enforcement and government may decrease the life disruption associated with terrorist shootings.
Boolean lattices in finite alternating and symmetric groups
Authors: Lucchini Andrea , Moscatiello Mariapia , Palcoux Sebastien , Spiga Pablo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Given a group G and a subgroup H, we let

$\mathcal {O}_G(H)$

denote the lattice of subgroups of G containing H. This article provides a classification of the subgroups H of G such that

$\mathcal {O}_{G}(H)$

is Boolean of rank at least

$3$

when G is a finite alternating or symmetric group. Besides some sporadic examples and some twisted versions, there are two different types of such lattices. One type arises by taking stabilisers of chains of regular partitions, and the other arises by taking stabilisers of chains of regular product structures. As an application, we prove in this case a conjecture on Boolean overgroup lattices related to the dual Ore’s theorem and to a problem of Kenneth Brown.
The Brouwer invariance theorems in reverse mathematics
Authors: Kihara Takayuki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In [12], John Stillwell wrote, ‘finding the exact strength of the Brouwer invariance theorems seems to me one of the most interesting open problems in reverse mathematics.’ In this article, we solve Stillwell’s problem by showing that (some forms of) the Brouwer invariance theorems are equivalent to the weak König’s lemma over the base system

${\sf RCA}_0$

. In particular, there exists an explicit algorithm which, whenever the weak König’s lemma is false, constructs a topological embedding of

$\mathbb {R}^4$

into

$\mathbb {R}^3$

.
Catholic inheritance under the penal laws in Ireland
Authors: Fitzpatrick Richard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecent decades have witnessed a continued interest among historians in Ireland's eighteenth-century penal laws. Earlier broad surveys of the laws and their impact have given way to case studies that have highlighted the varied experiences of individual families, with many focusing on the strategies, whether legal or otherwise, that were utilised in attempts to circumvent these restrictions. Despite these advances, however, our understanding of the laws remains incomplete. This is particularly the case in relation to the gavelling clause within the 1704 popery act. This was one of Ireland's most infamous penal laws, yet it remains one of the least studied and least understood set of restrictions against Catholics. It is clear that the restrictions it placed on the sole inheritance of land could be circumvented in certain instances, but how exactly this was achieved without suffering prosecution requires further study. This article will advance our understanding of the gavelling clause through an in-depth examination of the law and its interpretation by Irish courts, which in turn will highlight the avenues that were open to Catholics in their attempts to either neutralise or evade the restrictions and other related legal provisions. This will demonstrate how successful circumvention did not depend on breaking the law per se, but instead relied upon loopholes in the law itself.