bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPONENTS OF PEAT OF THE ARCTIC ZONE OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Selyanina Svetlana Borisovna , Ponomareva Tamara Igorevna , Yarygina Ol'ga Nikolayevna , Trufanova Marina Vital'yevna , Zubov Ivan Nikolayevich 
Published: March 2020

The deep processing of peat is one of the important resources for the development of the Northern Russia territories. The humic products are the most perspective from peat bio-active derivatives. At the same time, the presence of accompanying components with biological activity in them does not take into account. This research is focused on the elimination of this inaccuracy by studying the biological activity of fractions extracted from high-moor peat by the method of sequential disassembly. Bioactivity was characterized by the method of laboratory phytotesting on lettuce seeds, pretreated with solutions of preparations with stabilized pH and the content of nutrient salts. The performed studies confirmed the authors' hypothesis about the influence of the method of obtaining peat humic preparations on the biological activity. Antagonism of the effect on the phytoactivity of humic compounds, resins and waxes was revealed. The additional studies are required for an explanation of this mechanism. The fulvic acids stimulate seed germination, as part of the humic part, but intensify their damage by rot, while humic acids provide a smaller, but more stable, increase in germination due to the greater preservation of seedlings. Seed treatment with bituminous preparations inhibits the development of rot. The greatest fungicidal effect is shown by the fraction of resins, whereas peat wax, to a lesser extent, inhibits seed damage, but provides the highest and most stable stimulating effect in relation to their germination. Thus, peat bitumen waxes can serve as a good protective and stimulating agent and can be used, for example, to encapsulate seeds, as a presowing treatment to increase yields.
THE NEW METHOD OF OBTAINING MICROFIBRILLATED CELLULOSE FROM SPRUCE WOOD
Authors: Yatsenkova Ol'ga Vladimirovna , Skripnikov Andrey Mikhaylovich , Karacharov Anton Aleksandrovich , Mazurova Elena Valentinovna , Vorob'yev Sergey Aleksandrovich , Kuznetsov Boris Nikolayevich 
Published: March 2020

The new method of producing of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) from spruce wood was described. This method includes the stages of cellulose obtaining by peroxide delignification of wood in the medium “acetic acid-water-H2SO4 catalyst” and cellulose acid hydrolysis, ultrasonic treatment, and freeze drying. The structure of cellulosic products was studied by FTIR, XRD, SEM, AFM, dynamic light scattering methods. The particle size of final cellulosic products is characteristic of microfibrillated cellulose according to the TAPPI Standard WI 3021 classification. The particles of the MFC are characterized by a rather high surface charge, and its aqueous suspension showed a high colloidal stability for a long time. According to the AFM data the surface of the microfibrillated cellulose film is formed by homogeneous spherical particles with a diameter about 80 nm and does not contain external inclusions.
The new method of obtaining MFC from spruce wood is less energy-consuming and more environmentally friendly compared to traditional technologies due to single-stage production of high quality cellulose without the use of sulfur- and chlorine containing delignifying agents, increased pressure and high water consumption.
THE INFLUENCE OF SURFACE DESTRUCTION ON THE HYDROPHILICITY AND ABILITY TO FORM CONNEC-TIONS OF THE CELLULOSE FIBERS
Authors: Osovskaya Iraida Ivanovna , Antonova Veronika Sergeyevna 
Published: March 2020

When using cellulose fibers to produce paper, the main role is played by the state of the surface of the fiber and its ability to adhesive-cohesive interaction. The main indicators characterizing the surface of the fiber are development and roughness, chemical heterogeneity, depending on the presence of various functional groups, as well as structural heterogeneity of the surface layers, leading to the formation of a stronger bond between the fibers. The surface modification of the fiber was carried out by partial acid hydrolysis. The study is aimed at optimizing hydrolysis, choosing methods for its control, obtaining physicochemical and physicomechanical characteristics of partially hydrolyzed cellulose, and increasing the ability to bind cellulose fiber. A method has been developed for producing modified cellulose with improved adhesion-cohesive properties by surface destruction of wet cellulose fibers during hydrolysis. The patterns of activation of the surface properties of cellulose fibers are obtained. The effect of partial acid hydrolysis on the development of the surface of the fiber in the absence of "wet" grinding with water shortage is shown. The effect of short chains and reducing carbonyl groups of cellulose macromolecules on the binding capacity of modified cellulose has been established. The optimal content of short chains of cellulose macromolecules, which is 12%. Such a content of short chains of modified fibers by acid hydrolysis was detected at a temperature of 363 K and an exposure time of 40 s; under these optimal conditions, the strength of the experimental castings increases by 70%.
Supporting hard queries over probabilistic preferences
Authors: Ping Haoyue , Stoyanovich Julia , Kimelfeld Benny 
Published: March 2020

Preference analysis is widely applied in various domains such as social choice and e-commerce. A recently proposed frame- work augments the relational database with a preference re- lation that represents uncertain preferences in the form of statistical ranking models, and provides methods to evaluate Conjunctive Queries (CQs) that express preferences among item attributes. In this paper, we explore the evaluation of queries that are more general and harder to compute.The main focus of this paper is on a class of CQs that cannot be evaluated by previous work. These queries are provably hard since relate variables that represent items be- ing compared. To overcome this hardness, we instantiate these variables with their domain values, rewrite hard CQs as unions of such instantiated queries, and develop several exact and approximate solvers to evaluate these unions of queries. We demonstrate that exact solvers that target specific common kinds of queries are far more efficient than gen- eral solvers. Further, we demonstrate that sophisticated ap- proximate solvers making use of importance sampling can be orders of magnitude more efficient than exact solvers, while showing good accuracy. In addition to supporting provably hard CQs, we also present methods to evaluate an important family of count queries, and of top-k queries.
Reference intervals of salivary cortisol and cortisone and their diagnostic accuracy in Cushing’s syndrome
Authors: Bäcklund Nils , Brattsand Göran , Israelsson Marlen , Ragnarsson Oskar , Burman Pia , Edén Engström Britt , Høybye Charlotte , Berinder Katarina , Wahlberg Jeanette , Olsson Tommy , Dahlqvist Per 
Published: March 2020

Objective
The challenge of diagnosing Cushing’s syndrome (CS) calls for high precision biochemical screening. This study aimed to establish robust reference intervals for, and compare the diagnostic accuracy of, salivary cortisol and cortisone in late-night samples and after a low-dose (1 mg) dexamethasone suppression test (DST).

Design and methods
Saliva samples were collected at 08:00 and 23:00 h, and at 08:00 h, after a DST, from 22 patients with CS and from 155 adult reference subjects. We also collected samples at 20:00 and 22:00 h from 78 of the reference subjects. Salivary cortisol and cortisone were analysed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The reference intervals were calculated as the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of the reference population measurements. Diagnostic accuracies of different tests were compared, based on areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves.

Results
The upper reference limits of salivary cortisol and cortisone at 23:00 h were 3.6 nmol/L and 13.5 nmol/L, respectively. Using these reference limits, CS was detected with a sensitivity (95% CI) of 90% (70–99%) and specificity of 96% (91–98%) for cortisol, and a 100% (84–100%) sensitivity and 95% (90–98%) specificity for cortisone. After DST, cortisol and cortisone upper reference limits were 0.79 nmol/L and 3.5 nmol/L, respectively. CS was detected with 95% (75–100%) sensitivity and 96% (92–99%) specificity with cortisol, and 100% (83–100%) sensitivity and 94% (89–97%) specificity with cortisone. No differences in salivary cortisol or cortisone levels were found between samples collected at 22:00 and 23:00 h.

Conclusion
Salivary cortisol and cortisone in late-night samples and after DST showed high accuracy for diagnosing CS, salivary cortisone being slightly, but significantly better.
Sesgo Cognitivo de Optimismo y Percepción de Bienestar en una Muestra de Universitarios Ecuatorianos
Authors: Torres-Salazar Cristina , Moreta-Herrera Rodrigo , Ramos-Ramírez Martha , López-Castro Javier 
Published: March 2020

El propósito de esta investigación fue determinar la relación del sesgo cognitivo de optimismo en el bienestar subjetivo y psicológico en una muestra de universitarios del Ecuador. Para ello, se implementó un estudio descriptivo, correlacional y de corte transversal, a través de la aplicación de cuestionarios de satisfacción con la vida, afectos positivos y negativos, bienestar psicológico, orientación de vida y visión del futuro, en una muestra de 400 participantes (67% mujeres y 33% hombres), con edad media de 21,3 años, estudiantes de una universidad pública (66.5%) y una cofinanciada (37.5%) de la ciudad de Ambato, Ecuador. Según los resultados, el optimismo disposicional se correlaciona con la satisfacción con la vida (r=.378), los afectos positivos (r=.357) y los negativos (r=-.413), y el bienestar psicológico (r=.616), mientras que los sesgos de optimismo ilusorio (r=.221) e ilusión de invulnerabilidad (r=-.235) lo hacen únicamente con el bienestar psicológico. Como conclusión se adelanta que existe evidencia de racionalidad limitada a través de los sesgos que estimulan el bienestar.
Late Gothic, Renaissance and Manneristic Figural Sepulchral Monuments in Moravia and Czech Silesia
Authors: Myslivečková Hana 
Published: March 2020

The overview study summarises in an updated context the findings of a long-term research into sepulchral sculpture in Moravia and Czech Silesia, which dealt primarily with whole-figure sepulchral monuments, ranging from examples dependent on fading Central European late Gothic tradition, through examples gradually influenced by early Renaissance italianising elements up to such forms that were marked by Italian and Nordic Mannerism. Based on a comprehensive regional and broader Central European style-critical comparison, applying the criteria of contemporary artistic influences, individual creative approach, craftsmanship routine and other indicia important for a work to be done, the study presents the efforts to incorporate works into circles given by a specific author or workshops, or to highlight the provenience ties of solitary works.
The study shows that despite the enormous loss of sepulchral monuments that have occurred in the past, Moravia and Czech Silesia excel in its numerous production of figural tombstones, which demonstrate the ability of the monitored area to accept and operate with new humanist and representative content, and by the existence of which the local sepulchral sculpture reached specific expression. In addition to eschatological significance and private memorial function, the sepulchral monuments of nobility served also as a family policy, whereby the privileged strata confirmed the old tradition; which contained a personal, genealogical, confessional and political reminder.
Despite the selective character of the study, the processed material brings findings that can contribute to deeper understanding of the overall picture of sepulchral tomb sculpture of the monitored area as well as to its evaluation in the national and European context.
DA OBSCURIDADE À EMANCIPAÇÃO: UM OLHAR SOBRE O LEITOR
Authors: Reis Wellingson Valente dos , Castro José Guilherme De Oliveira 
Published: March 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo fazer a construção histórica da emancipação do leitor na literatura. Para isso, busca-se perceber os elementos valorizados no circuito literário em cada época de produção, começando na idade clássica, quando a valorização maior era do autor (escritor/narrador), ou seja, daquele que contava as histórias Com o passar do tempo essa importância passou a ser da obra, como nos casos de Dom Quixote e de Os Sofrimentos do Jovem Werther, até ser deslocada às teorias que passaram a destacar a importância do leitor para a história da literatura, colocando-o no circuito literário (Estética da Recepção). Por fim, chegou-se na igualdade entre autor, obra e leitor, além disso se estabelece uma relação entre a emancipação do leitor e o ensino de literatura no âmbito escolar A análise do processo de emancipação do leitor na história da literatura aqui realizada teve como principais referências os estudos de arte e política de Rancière (2009, 2012), os estudos de estética da recepção, leitor e literatura realizados por Iser (1996,2011), Jauss (1994), Compagnon (2003), Zilberman (1989, 2000), Eco (2005) entre outros. Acompanhou-se o processo histórico ao longo do qual o leitor precisou se emancipar e sair do seu local de passividade para se tornar sujeito ativo no processo de construção da literatura.
OS SERMONES VARIOS ATRIBUÍDOS AO PADRE ANTÓNIO VIEIRA (1662 – 1678): LIVREIROS E LEITORES
Authors: Aredes Ana Elisa Silva 
Published: March 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar o processo de produção das edições de sermonários de padre António Vieira impressas em Madrid, entre 1662 e 1678. Parte da pesquisa de doutoramento, este trabalho pretende perceber para quais leitores esses livros, intitulados Sermones varios del Padre Antonio de Vieyra, de la Compañia de Jesus, eram direcionados, considerando a materialidade dos volumes e as relações interpessoais construídas entre os agentes do livro, ou seja, entre aqueles que participaram da elaboração, produção, circulação dos livros, bem como agiram na aplicação e sujeição direta aos regulamentos que governavam o ofício do livro. A fim de cumprirmos nossas intenções, recorremos aos instrumentos fornecidos pela perspectiva da História do livro e das práticas de leitura para nos auxiliar a compreender, analisar e interpretar as informações que encontramos nas fontes históricas. Ao partir da análise das edições madrilenas, este trabalho busca em documentos de diversas naturezas informações sobre agentes associados ao mercado livreiro-editorial que envolveu a circulação desses livros.
Del silenciu al esporpolle identitariu: hacia una normalización de calter «rellacional» del asturianu y del gallegoasturianu na sociedá rizomática d’anguaño / From silence to the strengthening of identities: towards a «relationship» planning of Asturian and Galician-Asturian languages in the current rhizomatic society
Authors: Llamedo Pandiella Gonzalo 
Published: March 2020

Un saltu de paradigma esixe delles respuestes nueves. La sociedá posmoderna del consumu muévese con inseguridá nuna realidá cambiante, caótica y cada vuelta más rizomática. Búscase l’abellugu d’un bienestar inmediatu pero efímeru, que nunca enllena dafechu. Per otru llau, resulten inda más evidentes la heteroxeineidá cultural del mundu d’agora y les preocupaciones identitaries, motivu pol que recuperen la voz nestos momentos los discursos minorizaos. L’oxetu d’esti trabayu ye plantegar una reflexón teórica, dende’l puntu de vista de la socioloxía del llinguaxe. Propónse asina un analís de la concepción de dos realidaes tan «sólides» como son los procesos de normativización y normalización del asturianu y del gallegoasturianu, dientro d’un marcu de rizoma propiu de la «modernidá líquida» de Bauman. En plenu procesu de normalización social d’estes llingües, tórnase imprescindible deprender a convivir colos esquemes de vida posmoderna y entendelos bien, pa poder trabayar en conxuntu na proyección d’un llabor de normalización granible. Ufiértense, a esti respectu, delles estratexes inspiraes nos modelos rellacionales de desing thinking −propios del marketing one to one− y de les esperiencies de pensamientu «lean», col envís d’estrechar el contactu coles respectives comunidaes de falantes, pa qu’estes sientan les sos llingües afayadices, entiendan la situación actual de diglosia y contribuyan a desaniciala cola so llealtá llingüística.Pallabres clave: llingua asturiana, gallegoasturianu, procesu de normalización, rizoma, modernidá líquida. The emergence of a paradigm shift demands new answers. The Post-modern consumerist society moves with insecurity around this changing, chaotic and increasingly rhizomatic reality. An immediate but ephemeral well-being is always required but it never works enough. On the other hand, cultural diversity and identity concerns are now still more evident. For this reason, a minorized discourse is nowadays recovering its voice and importance. The current paper presents a theoretical framework built on the basis of the sociology of language. The article analyses the conception of Asturian and Galician-Asturian «solid» language planning processes within Bauman’s «liquid modernity». Understanding and learning to coexist with Post-modern life patterns is essential to reach an effective language planning. To that end, design thinking strategies inspired on one-to-one relational marketing patterns and lean thinking experience will be tackled. These communities of speakers are aimed to feel comfortable in these languages, to comprehend the diglossic situation and to contribute to its abandonment through their language loyalty. Key Words: Asturian language, Galician-Asturian language, language planning, rhizome, liquid modernity.
Construcciones híbridas de posesivo en La Pola Siero (Asturias): diferencias sociolingüísticas / Possessive hybrid constructions in La Pola Siero (Asturias): sociolinguistic differences
Authors: Bleorţu Cristina 
Published: March 2020

Ye intención de nueso presentar nesti trabayu les interferencies asturianes nel casu de los posesivos d’un corpus de fala semiespontánea de La Pola Siero (Asturies, norte d’España). Trátase de venticuatro informantes escoyíos acordies con tres variables pre-establecíes (sexu, edá, nivel d’estudios). Sicasí, y según se va ver nel apartáu de los resultaos, el papel más importante nel procesu de variación llingüística nun lu desempeñen les tres variables sociales sinon otres. Darréu d’ello, camiéntase que nuna situación diglósica como la de La Pola Siero, ye perimportante considerar los grupos sociales non como grupos fixos. Esto débese enforma a que, como falantes, disponemos d’unes identidaes tresportables (Zimmerman 1998) que nos permiten movenos llingüísticamente y negociar la nuesa identidá (Blommaert, Goffman 1956; Gumperz 1992; 2000; Kabatek, 1997a, 1997b, 2000, 2002, 2017).Pallabres clave: castellanu faláu, posesivos, La Pola Siero (Asturies), llingua asturiana, sociollingüística.In this paper, our aim is to present the Asturian interferences in the case of possessives employed in a semi-spontaneous speech corpus collected from La Pola Siero (Northern Spain). It consists of twenty-four informants who were selected according to three pre-established variables (sex, age, educational level). However, as it will be seen in the results section, the most important role in the process of linguistic variation is not played by these social variables; on the contrary, findings show that other variables are the most relevant factors. As a consequence, we believe that in a diglossic situation, as in La Pola Siero, it is very important to consider that the social groups are not definite. This is largely due to the fact that, as speakers, we have transportable identities (Zimmerman 1998) that allow us to move linguistically and to negotiate our identity (Blommaert, 2010; Goffman 1956; Gumperz 1992; Kabatek, 1997, 2000, 2002,2017).Keywords: spoken Spanish, possessives, La Pola Siero (Asturias), Asturian language, sociolinguistics.
Trade Interference or Good Environmental Stewardship: The Case of Gibson Guitar and the Lacey Act
Authors: Rarick Charles 
Published: March 2020

The Gibson Guitar Corporation based in Tennessee was raided by federal agents twice for importing prohibited wood products. The raids, especially the second, attracted much public attention and have even led for calls from some members of Congress for a change. The case examines the Lacey Act, the allegations of wrong doing, and the question trade and domestic job creation at the expense of environmental stewardship.
JEL Classifications Code: F18
Government Ownership and Value of Listed Firms in Kenya: A Panel Data Evidence
Authors: Odhiambo Fredrick Onyango , Omindi Nixon Oduor 
Published: March 2020

This study examines the relationship between government ownership and performance of listed firms on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The quadratic term of government ownership is included in the model to test for the effect of increasing government ownership levels on performance. We use panel data techniques on 102 firm-year observations between 2003 and 2013 for all the listed firms in which the government directly owns some shares. We find no relationship between government ownership and performance at lower levels of government ownership. We find a negative relationship between government ownership and performance at higher levels of government ownership. We estimate, through differentiation of the Tobin’s Q model, that government ownership has a negative effect on performance when government ownership exceeds 41%. The study concludes that lower government ownership levels do not affect firm performance but as the ownership rises, government ownership has a detrimental effect on firm performance. We provide implications of these results for policy and practice.
JEL Classifications Code: G34
European Sovereign Debt Crisis and its Impact on Financial Markets and Institutions
Authors: Ahmad Afzal 
Published: March 2020

This paper examines the European sovereign debt crisis that began in 2009; it mostly considers Greece and then Italy and Portugal since they were affected by the crisis. It gives the emergence and the causes of the crisis as well as its effect on their debt as a percentage to Gross Domestic Product and their Real Gross Domestic Product. It also analyses the impact on sovereign bond and its yields, the stock, gold, derivatives and forex markets, including the impact on financial institutions, it uses graphical illustrations from Bloomberg to back the analysis. It further assesses the measures taken so far by policy makers and financial institutions to curb the situation. It finally considers the impact of the crisis on financial landscape and lessons learnt from it.