bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Nonautologous Graft Materials Used in Human Tympanoplasty
Authors: Ghanad Iman , Polanik Marc D. , Trakimas Danielle R. , Knoll Renata M. , Castillo‐Bustamante Melissa , Black Nicole L. , Kozin Elliott D. , Remenschneider Aaron K. 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesNonautologous graft materials may solve several dilemmas in tympanoplasty by obviating the need for graft harvest, facilitating consistent wound healing, and permitting graft placement in the clinical setting. Prior studies of nonautologous grafts in humans have shown variable outcomes. In this systematic review, we aim to 1) summarize clinical outcomes and 2) discuss limitations in the literature regarding nonautologous grafts for tympanoplasty in humans.MethodsA literature review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. The study size, etiology and duration of perforation, type of nonautologous graft, and postoperative closure rate were assessed.ResultsThe PRISMA approach yielded 61 articles, including 3,247 ears that met inclusion criteria. Studies evaluated nonautologous grafts including paper patch, gelatin sponge, growth factors, porcine small‐intestinal submucosa, among others. Traumatic perforations (62.3%) were most commonly studied, whereas postinfectious perforations (31.9%) and other etiologies (5.8%) comprised a minority of cases. Acute perforations of <8 weeks duration constituted just over half of all treated ears. Overall closure rate was 82.1%, with significantly higher closure rates in acute (89.9%) versus chronic perforations (64.9%, P < .01), regardless of material. A median postoperative air‐bone gap of 5.6 dB was found in the 23% of studies reporting this metric.ConclusionsThe majority of publications reviewing nonautologous materials in tympanoplasty evaluate acute or traumatic perforations, and few rigorously report hearing outcomes. Given available data, porcine submucosa and basic fibroblast growth factor may hold promise for chronic perforation closure. Future studies should report closure rates and hearing outcomes in perforations >8 weeks duration. Laryngoscope, 131:392–400, 2021
Broadband Detection of Multiple Spin and Orbital Angular Momenta via Dielectric Metasurface
Authors: Zhang Si , Huo Pengcheng , Zhu Wenqi , Zhang Cheng , Chen Peng , Liu Mingze , Chen Lu , Lezec Henri J. , Agrawal Amit , Lu Yanqing , Xu Ting 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLight beams carrying spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) have created novel opportunities in the areas of optical communications, imaging, micromanipulation, and quantum optics. However, complex optical setups are required to simultaneously manipulate, measure, and analyze these states, which significantly limit system integration. Here, a detection approach is introduced for measuring multiple SAM and OAM modes simultaneously through a planar nanophotonic demultiplexer based on an all‐dielectric metasurface. Coaxial light beams carrying multiple SAM and OAM states of light upon transmission through the demultiplexer are spatially separated into a range of vortex beams with different topological charge, each propagating along a specific wavevector. The broadband response and momentum conservation further enable the demultiplexer to achieve wavelength demultiplexing. The ultracompact multifunctional architecture is envisioned to enable simultaneous manipulation and measurement of polarization and spin encoded photon states with applications in integrated quantum optics and optical communications.
BROADER SPECTRUMS OF HIERARCHY: NEW ANIMATED ORGANIZATION CHARTS
Authors: Johansen Bob 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article looks beyond categories to full‐spectrum thinking, the ability to seek patterns and clarity across gradients of possibility—outside, across, beyond, or maybe even without any boxes or categories—while resisting false certainty. In particular, it examines the animated organization charts of the future. The Army is prototyping a future where hierarchies are no longer static; they will be animated. Command‐and‐control only works in predictable slow‐moving environments, and there aren't very many of those any more. The Army now practices what they call “commander's intent,” “mission command,” or “flexive command.” At Electronic Arts, one of the world's most successful video game publishing companies, their commander's intent is “we exist to inspire the world to play.” Distributed‐authority networks will mean fluid hierarchies that require constant reassessment of who is in the best position to make which decision at what time. Individuals will need to learn how to lead when they cannot control. Organizations will need to learn how to flex rapidly while retaining clarity of direction. Societies will need to create commons that benefit everyone, shared assets, and a decision‐making process that helps people decide what they choose to do together.
Epoxy‐Polypyrrole‐Cotton Tertiary Composite with Electro‐Tunable Stiffness
Authors: Chaturvedi Ranjan , Tyagi Prashant 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this work, a tertiary epoxy composite reinforced with polypyrrole (PPy) coated cotton fabric layers exhibiting electrical voltage induced thermally tunable stiffness is reported. The thin coating of PPy over cotton fabric is accomplished via oxidative vapor phase polymerization that allows creation of an active thin layer over the fibers without affecting their mechanical properties. Six such functional layers are stacked within an epoxy matrix to prepare the composite that shows in‐plane electrical insulator behavior (volume resistivity > 109 Ω cm) but considerably reduced resistivity by an order of 103 across the cross‐sections. The presence of conductive layers enables the composite to heat via Joule's effect when an electrical voltage is applied across two ends. This causes softening of matrix near the matrix‐reinforcement interface and thereby changing composite's stiffness. On application of variable voltage, a non‐linear decrease of 91% in composite stiffness is observed (6371.2 N m−1 at 0 V to 566.4 N m−1 at 63 V). A stable and tunable mechanical performance of the composite is further demonstrated by cyclic changes in stiffness due to voltage change with recovery up to 95% of original stiffness after 14 continuous cycles.
Aluthge transforms of unbounded weighted composition operators in L2‐spaces
Authors: Benhida Chafiq , Budzyński Piotr , Trepkowski Jacek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe describe the Aluthge transform of an unbounded weighted composition operator acting in an L2‐space. We show that its closure is also a weighted composition operator with the same symbol and a modified weight function. We investigate its dense definiteness. We characterize p‐hyponormality of unbounded weighted composition operators and provide results on how it is affected by the Aluthge transformation. We show that the only fixed points of the Aluthge transformation on weighted composition operators are quasinormal ones.
Genetic testing and employer‐sponsored wellness programs: An overview of current vendors, products, and practices
Authors: McDonald Whitney S. , Wagner Jennifer K. , Deverka Patricia A. , Woods Laura A. , Peterson Josh F. , Williams Marc S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundEmployer‐sponsored corporate wellness programs have spread despite limited evidence of effectiveness in improving health or reducing costs. Some programs have offered genetic testing as a benefit to employees, but little is known about this practice.MethodsIn December 2019, we conducted a systematic Google search to identify vendors offering corporate wellness programs involving genetics. We performed qualitative content analysis of publicly available information about the vendors’ products and practices disclosed on their websites.ResultsFifteen vendors were identified. Details regarding genetic testing offered within wellness programs were difficult to decipher from vendors’ websites, including which specific products were included. No evidence was provided to support vendor claimed improvements in employer costs, employee health, and job performance. Only half offered health and genetic counseling services. Most vendors were ambiguous regarding data sharing. Disclaimer language was included in vendors’ stated risks and limitations, ostensibly to avoid oversight and liability.ConclusionWe found a lack of transparency among corporate wellness program vendors, underscoring challenges that stakeholders encounter when trying to assess (a) how such programs are using genetics, (b) the potential benefits of such applications, and (c) the adequacy of protections to ensure scientific evidence support any health claims and genetic nondiscrimination.
Compact different‐/same‐frequency power combining circuit with high isolation and high frequency selectivity
Authors: Yan Yuchen , Song Kaijun , Fan Yong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a novel different‐/same‐frequency power combining circuit with high isolation and high frequency selectivity. The proposed design is implemented by integrating the diplexer and the power dividers with simple structure, which consists of a microstrip‐line T‐junction, two bandpass filter with different center frequency, and two pairs of three‐line parallel coupling lines. Source‐load cross coupling is introduced to improve the frequency selectivity of the passband. For demonstration, the proposed different‐/same‐frequency power combining circuit is simulated, fabricated and measured. Simulated and measured results are presented and show good agreement. The measured results show an excellent performance in the frequency selectivity, insertion loss, impedance matching at all ports and isolation between output ports.
Reaction Calorimetry for Studying Kinetics in Bulk Phase Polymerization of Propene
Authors: Kettner Joana , Valaei Sina , Bartke Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPolypropylene is one of the commercially most important polymers and is produced via coordinative polymerization with supported metal‐organic catalysts in different processes. While kinetic measurements for slurry and gas‐phase polymerization of propene are well‐established, for bulk phase polymerization of propene, often the only kinetic information obtained from an experiment is the yield. In this paper, two calorimetric methods and their application for measurement of kinetics of bulk phase polymerization of propene are discussed. On the one hand a special calibration‐free heat flow calorimeter and on the other hand power compensation calorimetry coupled with a software sensor for online baseline correction.
Intervener trustworthiness predicts cooperation with conservation interventions in an elephant conflict public goods game
Authors: Baynham‐Herd Zachary , Bunnefeld Nils , Molony Thomas , Redpath Steve , Keane Aidan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Conservation conflicts exist in complex socio‐ecological systems and are damaging to both people and wildlife. There is much interest in designing interventions to manage them more effectively, but the importance of who does the intervening remains underexplored.

In particular, conflicts are influenced by perceptions of the trustworthiness of natural resource managers and conservation organizations. However, experimental studies of how the different facets of trustworthiness shape responses to interventions are rare in conflict settings.

We develop an experimental, framed public goods game to test how support for otherwise identical elephant conflict interventions varies with perceptions of the trustworthiness of two different intervening groups—a community group or a conservation organization—and compare game behaviour to pre‐ and post‐game interviews.

Results from three agro‐pastoral communities (n = 212 participants) in northern Tanzania show that participants cooperate more with interveners they perceive to be more trustworthy. Results also suggest that different aspects of trustworthiness matter differentially—with perceptions of interveners' integrity and benevolence more strongly predicting cooperation than perceptions of their ability.

The findings suggest that trust‐building and greater consideration of who is best placed to intervene in conflicts may help improve natural resource management and increase stakeholder support for conservation interventions. This study also further demonstrates how experimental games offer opportunities to test behaviour change interventions and help to inform evidence‐based conservation.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Household material hardships impact emergency department reliance in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Power‐Hays Alexandra , Patterson Alyssa , Sobota Amy 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn sickle cell disease (SCD), high emergency department (ED) utilization is associated with worse outcomes and increased costs. A metric called ED reliance (EDr), the percentage of healthcare visits that occur in the ED, attempts to identify ED overutilization. It is unknown if household material hardships (HMH)—housing, utility, or food insecurity—impact reliance on the ED. As these may represent modifiable risk factors for high ED utilization, we aimed to estimate the association between HMH and EDr in pediatric patients with SCD.MethodsWe reviewed the electronic medical records of pediatric patients with SCD who received care in the Boston Medical Center network in Massachusetts, USA, to collect data on HMH and healthcare utilization. Using linear regression to control for potential confounders, we modeled the association between material hardships and EDr.ResultsOf 101 eligible patients, 60 (59%) reported one or more HMH. The mean EDr was 12% overall, with significant differences between those with and without HMH (15.9 vs 5.9, P = 0.0001). Each additional hardship experienced was associated with an increased average EDr of 7.7 percentage points (R2 = 0.34, P < 0.0001). Housing and utility hardships were each independently associated with increased EDr.ConclusionHMH are associated with significantly increased EDr in children with SCD, independent of transportation hardship or insurance type. Through screening for HMH, providers and health systems could identify at‐risk patients with modifiable risk factors for high EDr in order to provide them additional support.
Flexural static and fatigue response of patch repaired laminated composites for different patch‐parent configurations
Authors: Bhatia Gursahib Singh , Arockiarajan A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis work involves an experimental investigation of the static and fatigue behavior of patch repaired laminates under flexural loading. At first, a static flexural study is conducted for two types of parent laminates comprising 4‐plies ([0°]4 & [45°]4) and 8‐plies ([0°]8 & [45°]8) of woven carbon fiber. The repair is conducted by two types of patches with stacking sequence [0°]2 and [45°]2. Three different repair configurations involving patch bonded on the compressive side, tensile side, and both the sides of the parent specimens, have been tested. Digital image correlation has been employed to capture the deflection of the specimens. In order to understand the vulnerability of patch repaired laminates to cyclic loading, the load controlled constant amplitude fatigue tests have been conducted on 8‐ply repaired laminates. Different failure modes, distinctive to each type of repair configurations have been observed. The results of this work provide more insight to the influence of various parameters viz. number of plies, fiber orientation, patch placement, and so forth, on the flexural behavior of repaired laminates.
Suicide‐related over‐the‐counter analgesic exposures reported to United States poison control centers, 2000‐2018
Authors: Hopkins Alexandra G. , Spiller Henry A. , Kistamgari Sandhya , Zhu Motao , Michaels Nichole L. , Funk Alexandra R. , Smith Gary A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate suicide‐related over‐the‐counter (OTC) analgesic medication exposures among individuals ≥6 years old reported to United States (US) poison control centers.MethodsData from the National Poison Data System for the years 2000‐2018 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsFrom 2000 to 2018, US poison control centers recorded 549 807 suicide‐related cases involving OTC analgesics, including 327 781 cases (59.6%) admitted to the hospital and 1745 deaths (0.3%). Most cases involved a single substance (67.5%) and occurred among females (72.7%) and individuals 6‐19 years old (49.7%). Overall, the rate of exposures increased significantly by 33.5% from 2000 to 2018, primarily driven by the increasing exposure rate among 6‐ to 19‐year‐old females. From 2000 to 2018, exposure rates for acetaminophen and ibuprofen increased, while that for acetylsalicylic acid decreased. Additionally, the proportion of cases resulting in a serious medical outcome or healthcare facility admission increased for all types of OTC analgesics. Acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid accounted for 48.0% and 18.5% of cases, respectively, and 64.5% and 32.6% of deaths, respectively. Both acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid had greater odds of healthcare facility admission (ORs 2.56 and 2.63, respectively) and serious medical outcomes (ORs 2.54 and 4.90, respectively) compared with ibuprofen.ConclusionsThe rate of suicide‐related OTC analgesic cases is increasing. Acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid cases are associated with greater morbidity and mortality. Prevention efforts should include implementing unit‐dose packaging requirements and restrictions on package sizes and purchase quantities for acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid products to reduce access to large quantities of these analgesics.
CCGPA‐MPPT: Cauchy preferential crossover‐based global pollination algorithm for MPPT in photovoltaic system
Authors: Sundararaj Vinu , Anoop V. , Dixit Priyanka , Arjaria Arundhati , Chourasia Uday , Bhambri Pankaj , M R Rejeesh , Sundararaj Regu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn general, the photovoltaic (PV) is considered as the best selection among renewable energy resources due to its nonpolluted operation and good flexibility condition. The PV system is affected because of the partial shading conditions (PSCs), which reduce the generated power. During steady‐state operating conditions, there occurs a time delay in tracking the Global maximum power point (GMPP) and Local maximum power point (LMPP) under PSCs using the perturb and observe (P&O) method. In order to overcome such shortcomings, this paper proposed a hybrid algorithm with a P&O technique to improve the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for the PV system under PSC. In addition to this, the P&O technique is utilized to achieve the LMPP in the first section, and the hybrid algorithm is utilized to achieve the GMPP in the second section. Here, the hybrid technique is the integration of Cauchy preferential crossover (CC) with the flower pollination algorithm (FPA). Furthermore, the exploitation ability of the FPA is enhanced by the CC, and the combined hybrid algorithm has the ability to produce the optimal duty cycle for the DC–DC boost converter for MPPT. Then the proposed method will be executed in MATLAB/Simulink model, and it is contrasted with the existing methods such as CC, current sensorless (CS), and FPA, respectively. The experimental results and analysis reveal that the proposed approach provides better performances when compared with several other metaheuristic algorithms.
Sub‐10 nm V2O5 Crystals on Carbon Nanosheets for Advanced All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Su Liwei , Liu Linhui , Hei Jinpei , Chen Huan , Wang Lianbang , Wang Yuanhao , Ren Manman 
Published: July 2020

AbstractV2O5, as a lithium‐free cathode material, has inherent defects such as sluggish kinetics and volume change and, at the same time, requires a lithium metal anode that tends to form dendrites in liquid electrolytes. Both the lithium dendrite and the flammable electrolyte solvent bring longtime safety issues. This work introduces nonflammable inorganic–organic composite solid electrolyte to inhibit the growth of the lithium dendrite and suppress the instability caused by V2O5 nanometerization. However, the long‐term cycling and rate performances are still insufficient even when reducing V2O5 size to about 50 nm. As an improvement, sub‐10 nm V2O5/C nanosheets are designed and prepared using corn stalks as precursors through simple impregnation and calcination process. The V2O5/C offers a much better electrode/electrolyte contact and interface stability than bulk V2O5 and commercial V2O5 in the inorganic–organic composite solid electrolyte. The discharge capacity is 228 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C after 50 cycles and ≈110 mAh g−1 at 2.0 C.
Care recommendations for the respiratory complications of esophageal atresia‐tracheoesophageal fistula
Authors: Koumbourlis Anastassios C. , Belessis Yvonne , Cataletto Mary , Cutrera Renato , DeBoer Emily , Kazachkov Mikhail , Laberge Sophie , Popler Jonathan , Porcaro Federica , Kovesi Thomas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) with esophageal atresia (EA) is a common congenital anomaly that is associated with significant respiratory morbidity throughout life. The objective of this document is to provide a framework for the diagnosis and management of the respiratory complications that are associated with the condition. As there are no randomized controlled studies on the subject, a group of experts used a modification of the Rand Appropriateness Method to describe the various aspects of the condition in terms of their relative importance, and to rate the available diagnostic methods and therapeutic interventions on the basis of their appropriateness and necessity. Specific recommendations were formulated and reported as Level A, B, and C based on whether they were based on “strong”, “moderate” or “weak” agreement. The tracheomalacia that exists in the site of the fistula was considered the main abnormality that predisposes to all other respiratory complications due to airway collapse and impaired clearance of secretions. Aspiration due to impaired airway protection reflexes is the main underlying contributing mechanism. Flexible bronchoscopy is the main diagnostic modality, aided by imaging modalities, especially CT scans of the chest. Noninvasive positive airway pressure support, surgical techniques such as tracheopexy and rarely tracheostomy are required for the management of severe tracheomalacia. Regular long‐term follow‐up by a multidisciplinary team was considered imperative. Specific templates outlining the elements of the clinical respiratory evaluation according to the patients’ age were also developed.