bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reviews and syntheses: How do abiotic and biotic processes respond to climatic variations in the Nam Co catchment (Tibetan Plateau)?
Authors: Anslan Sten , Azizi Rad Mina , Buckel Johannes , Echeverria Galindo Paula , Kai Jinlei , Kang Wengang , Keys Laura , Maurischat Philipp , Nieberding Felix , Reinosch Eike , Tang Handuo , Tran Tuong Vi , Wang Yuyang , Schwalb Antje 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is the largest alpine plateau on
Earth and plays an important role in global climate dynamics. On the TP,
climate change is happening particularly fast, with an increase in air
temperature twice the global average. The particular sensitivity of this
high mountain environment allows observation and tracking of abiotic and
biotic feedback mechanisms. Closed lake systems, such as Nam Co on the
central TP, represent important natural laboratories for tracking past and
recent climatic changes, as well as geobiological processes and interactions
within their respective catchments. This review gives an interdisciplinary
overview of past and modern environmental changes using Nam Co as a case
study. In the catchment area, ongoing rise in air temperature forces
glaciers to melt, contributing to a rise in lake level and changes in water
chemistry. Some studies base their conclusions on inconsistent glacier
inventories, but an ever-increasing deglaciation and thus higher water
availability have persisted over the last few decades. Increasing water
availability causes translocation of sediments, nutrients and dissolved
organic matter to the lake, as well as higher carbon emissions to the
atmosphere. The intensity of grazing has an additional and significant
effect on CO2 fluxes, with moderate grazing enhancing belowground
allocation of carbon while adversely affecting the C sink potential through
reduction of above-surface and subsurface biomass at higher grazing intensities.
Furthermore, increasing pressure from human activities and livestock grazing
are enhancing grassland degradation processes, thus shaping biodiversity
patterns in the lake and catchment. The environmental signal provided by
taxon-specific analysis (e.g., diatoms and ostracods) in Nam Co revealed
profound climatic fluctuations between warmer–cooler and wetter–drier
periods since the late Pleistocene and an increasing input of freshwater and
nutrients from the catchment in recent years. Based on the reviewed
literature, we outline perspectives to further understand the effects of
global warming on geodiversity and biodiversity and their interplay at Nam Co,
which acts as a case study for potentially TP-level or even worldwide processes
that are currently shaping high mountain areas.
Safety, Feasibility, and Efficacy of an Eccentric Exercise Intervention in People with Multiple Sclerosis with Ankle Contractures
Authors: Psarakis Michael , Lord Stephen R. , Hoang Phu D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background:
The primary aim of this study was to investigate the safety and feasibility of an eccentric exercise program for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) who have ankle contractures, ie, reduced ankle range of motion (ROM). Secondary aims were to explore the efficacy of this eccentric exercise on ankle joint ROM and functional mobility.

Methods:
Five adults with MS with ankle contractures (three women and two men; mean ± SD age, 50.8 ± 9.4; MS duration, 7.6 ± 5.6 years) completed two eccentric exercise training sessions (10–45 minutes) per week for 12 weeks. The training involved walking backward downhill on an inclined treadmill (gradient, 10°–14°) at a self-selected pace. The intervention was assessed for safety (adverse events), feasibility (recruitment rates, adherence rates, enjoyment levels, difficulty, and discomfort), and clinical outcomes, including passive/active ankle ROM and distance walked in 6 minutes.

Results:
There were no adverse events during or after the eccentric exercise training. There was a 100% adherence rate. All participants enjoyed the training and experienced low levels of muscle soreness/discomfort. The training program improved passive/active ankle ROM in all participants; however, improvements did not translate to improvements in walking for all participants.

Conclusions:
Walking backward and downhill is a safe and feasible training modality for people with MS with ankle contractures. Clinical outcomes (greater passive/active ankle ROM) after this eccentric exercise training were evident. However, translation to clinically meaningful changes in walking function requires further examination.
Effect of Seed Hydropriming on Seedling Emergence and Growth of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under Adverse Climatic Condition of Drought and Salinity
Authors: Patil Shivasharanappa S. , Sajjan Ashok S. , Biradarpatil N. K. 
Published: March 2020

Aim: Assessment of influence of seed hydropriming in seed and seedling vigour enhancement for stress tolerance in chickpea which is important for successful crop production under erratic climate change causing drought and salinity stress severely affecting the seedling emergence and establishment especially in arid and semi arid regions of the world.
Study Design: A three factorial randomised block design was used in the study, involving seed hydropriming treatment, chickpea varieties and growth conditions.
Place and Duration of the Study: The experiment was conducted in Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India, during the year 2018.
Methodology: Six months old chickpea seeds of variety JG-11 and Annigeri-1 were hydroprimed for 12 hours at 25°C in dark condition. The primed and unprimed control seeds are sown under normal, drought and salinity conditions imposed in pots under controlled conditions. The data recorded were analysed for Analysis of Variance (ANNOVA).
Results: The result of the experiment revealed that, upon seed hydropriming an average of 19 per cent increase in seedling emergence and 53.3 per cent increase in seedling vigour index was observed as compared to unprimed control seeds irrespective of variety and the abiotic stress conditions.
Opposite Effects of F1 and F5 Fractions of Total Methanol Leaf-extract of Dialium guineense (Cesalpiniaceae) on Blood Glucose in Rat
Authors: Barboza Firmin Sylva , Sène Madièye , Doupa Dominique , Ba Malick , Wélé Alassane , Yoro Sy Guata 
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of total methanol leaf-extract of Dialium guineense (Cesalpiniaceae) and its fractions on blood glucose in rat.
The fractions of methanol extract were obtained by chromatography Sephadex LH 20 gel, numbered F1 to F5. Experiments were performed in normoglycemic, glucose tolerance test, and type 2 diabetic rats.
The total methanol leaf-extract (300 mg/kg, per os), induced a significant increase of blood glucose level in normoglycemic rats (2.27±0.12 vs 0.94±0.03 g/L) (p<0.05, n=5). F1 and F2 fractions (100 mg/kg, per os) increased the blood glucose level. Glycaemia respectively varied from 0.90 ± 0.03 to 2. 28 ± 0.22 g/L and 0.91 ± 0.03 to 1.43 ± 0.04 g /L (p<0.05, n=5). However, F5 fraction (300 mg/kg, per os), induced hypoglycemia (0.61 ± 0.01 vs 0. 80 ± 0.03 g/L) (p<0.05, n=5). F5 fraction prevented the pic of hyperglycemia caused by glucose (4 g/kg, per os). In type 2 diabetic rats, the daily oral administration of F5 fraction (300 mg/kg) induced an anti-hyperglycemic effect (1.28 ± 0.15 vs 4.48 ± 0.08 g/L). Fractionation by gel permeation chromatography allowed to highlight the presence of compounds both hyper-and hypoglycemic in total methanol leaf-extract of D. guineense. The lack of hypoglycemic effect in normoglycemic rats of total methanol leaf-extract, could respectively be related to the presence of both hyper- and hypoglycemic compounds in F1 and F5 fractions, which induced opposite effects.
Mesh Plug Migration Into the Ileum 11 Years After Open Inguinal Hernia Repair: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Ogino Takayuki , Kim Yongkook , Hata Tomoki , Kawata Junji , Okano Miho , Okuyama Masaki , Tsujinaka Toshimasa 
Published: March 2020

Introduction:
A mesh plug is used worldwide for tension-free repair of an inguinal hernia. This procedure is relatively quick, is easy to learn, has a low recurrence rate, has few complications, and offers rapid recovery; however, complications specific to the mesh plug are infrequently reported.

Case presentation:
We present a rare case of a 70-year-old man admitted to our hospital with right lower abdominal pain and groin swelling 11 years after open inguinal hernia repair using a mesh plug. Abdominal computed tomography showed a subcutaneous abscess in the right inguinal region and a thickened ileum wall. We diagnosed that a mesh plug had penetrated into the ileum wall, resulting in an abscess. The emergency operation revealed the mesh plug migration into the ileum, and removal of the mesh plug and partial resection of the ileum were performed. At 9 months after operation, there has been no recurrence of the hernia.

Conclusion:
Although rare, migration of the mesh plug should be considered in patients who have undergone inguinal hernia repair and have symptoms of acute abdominal pain, particularly when there is no previous history of abdominal surgery.
Assessment of biological dosimetric margin for stereotactic body radiation therapy
Authors: Kawahara Daisuke , Saito Akito , Ozawa Shuichi , Shiinoki Takehiro , Kimura Tomoki , Tsubouchi Kento , Nagata Yasushi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurposeTo develop a novel biological dosimetric margin (BDM) and to create a biological conversion factor (BCF) that compensates for the difference between physical dosimetric margin (PDM) and BDM, which provides a novel scheme of a direct estimation of the BDM from the physical dose (PD) distribution.MethodsThe offset to isocenter was applied in 1‐mm steps along left‐right (LR), anterior‐posterior (AP), and cranio‐caudal (CC) directions for 10 treatment plans of lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with a prescribed dose of 48 Gy. These plans were recalculated to biological equivalent dose (BED) by the linear‐quadratic model for the dose per fraction (DPF) of d = 3–20 Gy/fr and . BDM and PDM were defined so that the region that satisfied that the dose covering 95% (or 98%) of the clinical target volume was greater than or equal to the 90% of the prescribed PD and BED, respectively. An empirical formula of the BCF was created as a function of the DPF.ResultsThere was no significant difference between LR and AP directions for neither the PDM nor BDM. On the other hand, BDM and PDM in the CC direction were significantly larger than in the other directions. BCFs of D95% and D98% were derived for the transverse (LR and AP) and longitudinal (CC) directions.ConclusionsA novel scheme to directly estimate the BDM using the BCF was developed. This technique is expected to enable the BED‐based SBRT treatment planning using PD‐based treatment planning systems.
Two‐Photon Absorption in Monolayer MXenes
Authors: Wang Gaozhong , Bennett Daniel , (John) Zhang Chuanfang , Ó Coileáin Cormac , Liang Meiying , McEvoy Niall , Wang Jing Jing , Wang Jun , Wang Kangpeng , Nicolosi Valeria , Blau Werner J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTwo‐photon absorption (2PA) is a nonlinear optical (NLO) effect that typically occurs in a conventional semiconductor whose bandgap is larger than the energy of one excited photon but smaller than the energy of two photons. In this work, the experimental observation of strong 2PA in gapless MXene monolayers is reported. This phenomenon is verified by a nonlinear transmission method and ultrafast dynamic studies based on a wavelength‐degenerate, non‐collinear pump‐probe technique. The unconventional 2PA is attributed to the structures of the MXene energy bands near the Fermi level, which favors two‐photon transitions and suppresses one‐photon transitions due to parallel band absorption effects. These results, as well as the measured NLO parameters including the 2PA coefficient, absorption cross‐section, excited carrier lifetimes, and third‐order NLO susceptibility, provide a systematic understanding of the unusual NLO effect in MXenes and may be applied in advanced photonic and optoelectronic devices.
Molecular‐Structure and Device‐Configuration Optimizations toward Highly Efficient Green Electroluminescence with Narrowband Emission and High Color Purity
Authors: Xu Yincai , Cheng Zong , Li Zhiqiang , Liang Baoyan , Wang Jiaxuan , Wei Jinbei , Zhang Zuolun , Wang Yue 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials that are able to realize electroluminescence showing simultaneously narrow emission band, high color purity, and high efficiency are highly demanded for display applications. Up to now, a few blue emissive TADF materials with such characteristics have been reported, while green TADF materials with such features are extremely scarce. Herein, two TADF compounds with highly efficient narrowband bluish green/green emission (full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM): 22 and 21 nm in toluene) induced by multiple resonance effect are reported. An optimized organic light‐emitting diode based on the green emissive compound shows a fairly narrow electroluminescent spectrum (FWHM: 33 nm), as well as an excellent color purity with the Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.20, 0.65), which is a close resemblance to the standard green‐light CIE coordinates of (0.21, 0.71) defined by the National Television System Committee. Meanwhile, the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 25.5% is achieved and a high EQE of 20.1% is maintained at a practical high luminance of 1000 cd m−2. The outstanding device performance of the compound makes it attractive for potential practical applications.
Electrically Switchable Amplified Spontaneous Emission from Liquid Crystalline Phase of an AIEE‐Active ESIPT Molecule
Authors: Tsutsui Yusuke , Zhang Wanying , Ghosh Samrat , Sakurai Tsuneaki , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Ozaki Masanori , Akutagawa Tomoyuki , Seki Shu 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUse of organic molecules as lasing media has much potential to develop next‐generation optical devices as soft‐matter photonics with wideband tunability and large coherence area. Although mirrorless lasing was theoretically predicted and practically demonstrated in helical cholesteric liquid crystalline (LC) phases of organic compounds, recent studies on optical confinement have been much focused into hard‐crystalline phases of the molecules. Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and enhancement (AIEE) provides one of the optimal molecular systems for light amplification in condensed phases, and herein AIEE activity and excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) are successfully coupled in a room temperature (RT) nematic LC. Suppressing the effect of concentration quenching/self‐absorption and attaining four‐level system for population inversion by the combination of AIEE and ESIPT in LC phases, lead to the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from a newly designed molecule: C5Ph‐HBT dispersed in RT LC matrix with the pumping energy threshold of 20 mJ cm–2. Moreover, the nematic LC allows the orientation of the molecular dipoles in response to external electric fields. Hence, the fluorescence as well as the ASE switching is attained at RT, demonstrating the potential of these composite materials as “switchable” ASE media for technological progress.
Polyoxometalates on Functional Substrates: Concepts, Synergies, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Cherevan Alexey S. , Nandan Sreejith P. , Roger Isolda , Liu Rongji , Streb Carsten , Eder Dominik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPolyoxometalates (POMs) are molecular metal oxide clusters that feature a broad range of structures and functionalities, making them one of the most versatile classes of inorganic molecular materials. They have attracted widespread attention in homogeneous catalysis. Due to the challenges associated with their aggregation, precipitation, and degradation under operational conditions and to extend their scope of applications, various strategies of depositing POMs on heterogeneous substrates have been developed. Recent ground‐breaking developments in the materials chemistry of supported POM composites are summarized and links between molecular‐level understanding of POM‐support interactions and macroscopic effects including new or optimized reactivities, improved stability, and novel function are established. Current limitations and future challenges in studying these complex composite materials are highlighted, and cutting‐edge experimental and theoretical methods that will lead to an improved understanding of synergisms between POM and support material from the molecular through to the nano‐ and micrometer level are discussed. Future development in this fast‐moving field is explored and emerging fields of research in POM heterogenization are identified.
Fully R2R‐Printed Carbon‐Nanotube‐Based Limitless Length of Flexible Active‐Matrix for Electrophoretic Display Application
Authors: Sun Junfeng , Sapkota Ashish , Park Hyejin , Wesley Prince , Jung Younsu , Maskey Bijendra Bishow , Kim Yushin , Majima Yutaka , Ding Jianfu , Ouyang Jianying , Guo Chang , Lefebvre Jacques , Li Zhao , Malenfant Patrick R. L. , Javey Ali , Cho Gyoujin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA limitless‐length flexible active‐matrix implies that virtually any surface can be rendered into an interactive medium when laminated with electrophoretic or organic light‐emitting diode sheets. However, performance, cost, and size limitations of current fabrication technologies and semiconducting materials, typically utilized in thin film transistor (TFT) active matrices (TFT‐AMs), have hindered progress, thus preventing the realization of fully printed TFT‐AMs on a plastic roll. A new high‐purity semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotube (s‐SWCNT) ink is prepared by first isolating 99.9% pure s‐SWCNTs via conjugated polymer extraction, and then utilizing a ligand‐exchange method to formulate a novel hydrophilic gravure‐compatible semiconducting ink. Based on the s‐SWCNT ink, a fully additive manufacturing process using roll‐to‐roll (R2R) gravure printing enables the fabrication of a flexible TFT‐AM, overcoming performance, cost, and size limitations. TFT‐AMs with 10 to 40 PPI resolution where average mobility of 0.23 ± 0.12 cm2 V−1 s−1, average on–off ratio of 104.1, and threshold voltage variation of ±13% are attained. As a proof of concept, an inexpensive and flexible electrophoretic display is demonstrated by simply laminating an electrophoretic sheet onto the R2R gravure‐printed s‐SWCNT‐based TFT‐AM.
Statin use is associated with improved survival in multiple myeloma: A Swedish population‐based study of 4315 patients
Authors: Brånvall Elsa , Ekberg Sara , Eloranta Sandra , Wästerlid Tove , Birmann Brenda M. , Smedby Karin E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStatin use has been associated with reduced cancer‐specific mortality among patients with several cancer types, including multiple myeloma (MM). We aimed to further elucidate the association of statin use and dose intensity with MM survival. Using Swedish population‐based national health registers, we identified all incident MM diagnoses occurring January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2013 and their drug dispensations and comorbidities. We assessed statin exposure in 6‐month periods pre‐ and post‐diagnosis, treated diagnosis as baseline for calculating survival time, and calculated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of exposure‐related MM‐specific and all‐cause mortality using Cox regression. We assessed statin exposure during the entire follow‐up and risk of MM‐specific mortality in a nested case‐control analysis. We classified dose intensity according to American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association recommendations. We ascertained 4315 MM cases during follow‐up. Statin use was associated with reduced MM‐specific mortality (pre‐diagnosis use multivariate‐adjusted HR, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.71‐0.96; 6 months post‐diagnosis: 0.73, 0.60‐0.89; entire follow‐up: 0.65, 0.52‐0.80) and (more weakly) with all‐cause mortality. Intensity analyses suggested a dose‐response; MM‐specific mortality decreased with increasing statin intensity in all time windows (eg, 6 months post‐diagnosis: low [0.76 (0.56‐1.03)], medium [0.73 (0.58‐0.92)], high [0.33 (0.08‐1.32)] intensity). However, relatively few patients received high intensity treatment, and the trend was statistically significant only for unadjusted pre‐diagnosis use.In this large population‐based MM cohort, statin use was associated with improved MM‐specific survival in both sexes. Randomized prospective studies are warranted to evaluate statins as adjuvant treatment in MM.
Disseminated Varicella zoster infection with abdominal pain and periarterial fat stranding in a patient taking pomalidomide
Authors: Takada Hiroaki , Kohara Saeko , Ito Takashi , Yoshioka Hayato , Okada Ichiro , Kiriu Nobuaki , Koido Yuichi , Hasegawa Eijyu 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundDisseminated Varicella zoster virus infection (DVI) is a severe infection associated with severe abdominal pain of unknown cause. We report a case in which periarterial (the celiac artery and superior mesenteric artery) fat stranding (PFS) on computed tomography (CT) was the presumed cause of abdominal pain in a patient taking pomalidomide.Case PresentationA 62‐year‐old woman was admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain. Her medical history was multiple myeloma treated with pomalidomide. Computed tomography showed no remarkable findings on admission, but 1 day later, a contrast‐enhanced CT showed PFS. A skin eruption appeared on day 4 and we started acyclovir. On day 10, Varicella zoster virus antigen and antibody tests were positive, confirming the diagnosis of DVI. The abdominal pain subsequently improved, together with the PFS, and she was discharged.ConclusionWhen patients present with severe abdominal pain and PFS, DVI and acyclovir must be considered.
Aktivitätssteigerung der Wasserstoffentwicklung von Platinelektroden in alkalischen Medien unter Verwendung von Ni‐Fe‐Clustern
Authors: Xue Song , Haid Richard W. , Kluge Regina M. , Ding Xing , Garlyyev Batyr , Fichtner Johannes , Watzele Sebastian , Hou Shujin , Bandarenka Aliaksandr S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn dieser Arbeit zeigen wir eine einfache Möglichkeit, die Aktivität der Wasserstoffentwicklungsreaktion (HER) von Pt‐Elektroden in alkalischen Medien durch Auftragen von Ni‐Fe‐Clustern zu verbessern. Dabei wird die benötigte Überspannung, um eine Stromdichte von 10 mA cm−2 in H2‐gesättigtem 0.1 m KOH zu erreichen, für Modell‐Einkristallelektroden auf ≈70 mV reduziert. Nach unserem Wissen übertreffen diese modifizierten Elektroden die Leistung aller bisher gezeigten Elektrokatalysatoren, die unter ähnlichen Bedingungen getestet wurden. Darüber hinaus wurde der Einfluss i) des Ni:Fe‐Verhältnisses, ii) der Clusterbedeckung und iii) der Art der im Elektrolyten vorhandenen Alkalimetallkationen auf die HER‐Aktivität untersucht. Die gesteigerte Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit der katalysierten Reaktion stammt wahrscheinlich sowohl von der verbesserten Wasserdissoziation an den Ni‐Fe‐Clustern, als auch von der anschließenden optimierten Wasserstoffadsorption und ‐rekombination an den Pt‐Atomen der Ni‐Fe/Pt‐Grenzfläche.