bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency and Consistency of Self‐Weighing to Promote Weight‐Loss Maintenance
Authors: Brockmann Andrea N. , Eastman Abraham , Ross Kathryn M. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the roles of frequency and consistency of self‐weighing in promoting weight‐loss maintenance.MethodsParticipants were 74 adults who completed a 3‐month internet‐based weight‐loss program followed by a 9‐month no‐intervention maintenance period. Frequency of self‐weighing was defined as the number of days that participants self‐weighed during the maintenance period via a study‐provided smart scale. Consistency was defined as the number of weeks that participants self‐weighed at a certain frequency, with multiple minimum thresholds examined. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to assess associations among frequency, consistency, and weight change during the maintenance period.ResultsGreater consistency was significantly associated with less weight regain when defined as the number of weeks that participants self‐weighed on ≥6 d/wk or 7 d/wk (P values < 0.05). Contrary to hypotheses, frequency was not associated with weight change (P = 0.141), and there was not a significant interaction between frequency and consistency.ConclusionsResults demonstrate that consistency of self‐weighing may be more important than total frequency for preventing weight regain after the end of a weight‐loss program. Further, results suggest that a high level of consistency (self‐weighing for ≥6 d/wk or 7 d/wk) may be necessary to promote successful weight‐loss maintenance.
Prenatally detected copy number variants in a national cohort: A postnatal follow‐up study
Authors: Muys Joke , Jacquemyn Yves , Blaumeiser Bettina , Bourlard Laura , Brison Nathalie , Bulk Saskia , Chiarappa Patrizia , De Leener Anne , De Rademaeker Marjan , Désir Julie , Destrée Anne , Devriendt Koenraad , Dheedene Annelies , Duquenne Armelle , Fieuw Annelies , Fransen Erik , Gatot Jean‐Stéphane , Jamar Mauricette , Janssens Sandra , Kerstjens Jorien , Keymolen Kathelijn , Lederer Damien , Menten Björn , Pichon Bruno , Rombout Sonia , Sznajer Yves , Van Den Bogaert Ann , Van Den Bogaert Kris , Vermeesch Joris , Janssens Katrien 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveBelgian genetic centers established a database containing data on all chromosomal microarrays performed in a prenatal context. A study was initiated to evaluate postnatal development in children diagnosed prenatally with a non‐benign copy number variant (CNV).MethodsAll children diagnosed with a prenatally detected non‐benign CNV in a Belgian genetic center between May 2013 and February 2015 were included in the patient population. The control population consisted of children who had undergone an invasive procedure during pregnancy, with no or only benign CNVs. Child development was evaluated at 36 months using three (3) questionnaires: Ages and Stages Questionnaire Third edition, Ages and Stages Questionnaire Social‐Emotional Second Edition and a general questionnaire.ResultsA significant difference in communication and personal‐social development was detected between children with a reported susceptibility CNV and both children with an unreported susceptibility CNV and the control population. The outcome of children with a particular CNV is discussed in a case‐by‐case manner.ConclusionOur postnatal follow‐up project of children with a prenatally detected non‐benign CNV is the first nationwide project of its kind. A higher number of cases for each CNV category is however needed to confirm our findings.
Using the waiting time distribution with random index dates to estimate prescription durations in the presence of seasonal stockpiling
Authors: Bødkergaard Katrine , Selmer Randi M. , Hallas Jesper , Kjerpeseth Lars J. , Pottegård Anton , Skovlund Eva , Støvring Henrik 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeA pervasive problem in registry‐based pharmacoepidemiological studies is what exposure duration to assign to individual prescriptions. The parametric waiting time distribution (WTD) has been proposed as a method to estimate such durations. However, when prescription durations vary due to seasonal stockpiling, WTD estimates will vary with choice of index date. To counter this, we propose using random index dates.MethodsWithin a calendar period of a given length, δ, we randomly sample individual index dates. We include the last prescription redemption prior to the index date in the analysis. Only redemptions within distance δ of the index date are included. In a simulation study with varying types and degrees of stockpiling at the end of the year, we investigated bias and precision of the reverse WTD with fixed and random index dates, respectively. In addition, we applied the new method to estimate durations of Norwegian warfarin prescriptions in 2014.ResultsIn simulation settings with stockpiling, the reverse WTD with random index dates had low relative biases (−0.65% to 6.64%) and high coverage probabilities (92.0% to 95.3%), although when stockpiling was pronounced, coverage probabilities decreased (2.7% to 85.8%). Using a fixed index date was inferior. The estimated duration of warfarin prescriptions in Norway using random index dates was 131 (130; 132) days.ConclusionsIn the presence of seasonal stockpiling, the WTD with random index dates provides estimates of prescription durations, which are more stable, less biased and with better coverage when compared to using a fixed index date.
Synthesis of thermoplastic curdlan alkyl carbamates having hydrogen bonding ability
Authors: Kawashima Hidehisa , Ozawa Itsuki , Kijima Masashi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRigid and little moldable curdlan, a linear β‐1,3‐glucan having intra‐ and interchain hydrogen bonds, was reacted with several alkyl isocyanates, which gave thermoplastic curdlan alkyl carbamates (CrdC) with degree of substitution about 2. The alkyl carbamation at hydroxy groups in the glucan skeleton effectively broke the interchain hydrogen bonds of curdlan and increased flexibility of CrdC, while the newly formed carbamate moieties could moderately keep the hydrogen bonding ability in CrdC. Elongating the alkyl groups in the carbamate side chains increased solubility in organic solvents and thermoplasticity of CrdC, which enabled to make homogeneous and free‐standing films by both methods of solution‐casting and hot‐pressing.
Redefining the fragipan to improve field recognition and land use relevance
Authors: Drohan P. J , Thompson J. A. , Lindbo D. L , Beaudette D. E , Dadio S. D 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe fragipan subsoil horizon can be a significant limitation to land use and management because of its ability to perch water, restrict root growth, and reduce available water storage. Recognition of the presence of a fragipan is used to describe some diagnostic horizons (mollic, umbric, cambic) and to identify the limits of the particle size control section when classifying a soil according to the U.S. soil taxonomic system. While soil scientists often disagree on whether fragipan diagnostic criteria are met, they will typically agree that the horizon has fragic soil properties. To potentially improve field identification agreement, we propose that the fragipan be redefined to meet criteria more like fragic soil properties. We also propose to include some current criteria for the fragipan denoting pedogenesis, slaking, and HCl reaction. In addition, we propose a new requirement be added for redoximorphic features above the fragipan as additional evidence of its restrictive nature. Changing the fragipan's definition will do little to alter soil land use interpretations given most interpretations are based indirectly off the effects of the fragipan. Analysis of existing series indicates that our proposal should not remove series now classified with a fragipan but would eliminate some ambiguities in field identification. Whether the fragipan's spatial extent would increase or decrease is dependent on regional mapping efforts.
Magnetic resonance scoring system for assessment of adnexal masses: added value of diffusion‐weighted imaging including apparent diffusion coefficient map
Authors: Hottat N. A. , Van Pachterbeke C. , Vanden Houte K. , Denolin V. , Jani J. C. , Cannie M. M. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo validate prospectively the ADNEX magnetic resonance (MR) scoring system to assess adnexal masses and to evaluate a new, modified ADNEX MR scoring system that incorporates diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping.MethodsBetween January 2015 and September 2018, 323 consecutive women with adnexal masses diagnosed on transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) underwent standardized MR imaging (MRI) including diffusion and dynamic contrast‐enhanced sequences. Of these, 131 underwent subsequent surgery. For interpretation of the MRI examinations, we applied the five‐category ADNEX MR scoring system, along with a modified scoring system including DWI with ADC mapping. For both scoring systems, a score was given for all adnexal masses. Histological diagnosis was considered as the gold standard and lesions were classified as benign or malignant. The difference between the predictive values for diagnosing malignancy of the classical and modified scoring systems was assessed on the basis of the areas under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics (AUC) curves. The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing malignancy of each score were also calculated.ResultsAmong the 131 women with adnexal mass(es) diagnosed on TVS who underwent MRI and subsequent surgery, the surgery revealed 161 adnexal masses in 126 women; five women had no mass. Histological examination confirmed 161 adnexal masses, of which all had been detected on MRI: 32 malignant tumors, 15 borderline tumors, which were classified as part of the malignant group (n = 47), and 114 benign lesions. The AUC for prediction of a malignant lesion was 0.938 (95% CI, 0.902–0.975) using the classical ADNEX MR scoring system and 0.974 (95% CI, 0.953–0.996) using the modified scoring system. Pairwise comparison of these AUCs revealed a significant difference (P = 0.0032). The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing malignancy with an ADNEX MR score of 4 or more were 95.5% and 86.6%, respectively, using the classic scoring system, and 95.7% and 93.3%, respectively, using the modified scoring system.ConclusionDWI with ADC mapping could be integrated into the ADNEX MR scoring system to improve specificity, thereby potentially optimizing clinical management by avoiding unnecessary surgery. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
A survey of pattern mining in dynamic graphs
Authors: Fournier‐Viger Philippe , He Ganghuan , Cheng Chao , Li Jiaxuan , Zhou Min , Lin Jerry Chun‐Wei , Yun Unil 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGraph data is found in numerous domains such as for the analysis of social networks, sensor networks, bioinformatics, industrial systems, and chemistry. Analyzing graphs to identify useful and interesting patterns is an important research area. It helps understanding graphs, and hence support decision making. Since two decades, many graph mining algorithms have been proposed to identify patterns such as frequent subgraphs, paths, cliques, and trees. But most of them assume that graphs are static. This simplifying assumption makes it easy to design algorithms but discard information about how graphs evolve. This article provides a detailed survey of techniques for mining interesting patterns in dynamic graphs, which can serve both as an introduction and as a guide to recent advances and opportunities in this research area. The main tasks related to mining patterns in dynamic graphs are reviewed such as discovering frequent subgraphs, evolution rules, motifs, subgraph sequences, recurrent and triggering patterns, and trend sequences. In addition, an overview of strategies and approaches to solve dynamic graph mining problems is presented, and their advantages and limitations are highlighted. Various extensions are also discussed such as to discover patterns in data streams and big data. Finally, the article mentions several research opportunities.This article is categorized under:
Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining
Algorithmic Development > Association Rules
Lotka–Volterra approximations for evolutionary trait-substitution processes
Authors: Ito Hiroshi C. , Dieckmann Ulf , Metz Johan A. J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA set of axioms is formulated characterizing ecologically plausible community dynamics. Using these axioms, it is proved that the transients following an invasion into a sufficiently stable equilibrium community by a mutant phenotype similar to one of the community's finitely many resident phenotypes can always be approximated by means of an appropriately chosen Lotka–Volterra model. To this end, the assumption is made that similar phenotypes in the community form clusters that are well-separated from each other, as is expected to be generally the case when evolution proceeds through small mutational steps. Each phenotypic cluster is represented by a single phenotype, which we call an approximate phenotype and assign the cluster’s total population density. We present our results in three steps. First, for a set of approximate phenotypes with arbitrary equilibrium population densities before the invasion, the Lotka–Volterra approximation is proved to apply if the changes of the population densities of these phenotypes are sufficiently small during the transient following the invasion. Second, quantitative conditions for such small changes of population densities are derived as a relationship between within-cluster differences and the leading eigenvalue of the community’s Jacobian matrix evaluated at the equilibrium population densities before the invasion. Third, to demonstrate the utility of our results, the ‘invasion implies substitution’ result for monomorphic populations is extended to arbitrarily polymorphic populations consisting of well-recognizable and -separated clusters.
Cognitive functions in acute unilateral vestibular loss
Authors: Ayar Dilara Aktert , Kumral Emre , Celebisoy Nese 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCognitive deficits mainly involving visuospatial functions have been defined in patients with bilateral and even unilateral vestibular loss (UVL). We compared the cognitive test results of 21 patients with acute UVL with age- and education-matched healthy controls. The diagnosis of UVL was based on the clinical findings, a normal magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted sequence and canal paresis on the affected side on caloric testing. Cognitive tests assessing visuospatial functions (Benton’s Judgment of Line Orientation test, Verbal and non-verbal Cancellation tests, Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure test) and global mental status, verbal memory, learning, retention of information, and recalling (Mini Mental State Examination, Oktem Verbal Memory Process Test, Forward and Backward Digit span) were used in addition to Beck depression and Anxiety inventories. Abnormalities in verbal and non-verbal cancellation tests (p < 0.005), Benton’s Judgment of Line Orientation test (p = 0.042) and backward digit span (p = 0.029) was found. A very prominent difference regarding Beck depression (p = 0.012) and anxiety inventories (p < 0.001) was present. On multiple regression analysis, the abovementioned cognitive tests’ results lost their statistical significance (p > 0.05) when depression and anxiety scores were taken into consideration. The severity of canal paresis was found to be correlated with Benton’s Judgment of Line Orientation test (p = 0.008,r = − 0.5639) and Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure test copying scores (p = 0.029,r = − 0.477). Comparison of all the results in right- and left-sided lesions did not reveal a significant difference (p > 0.05). Vestibular patients are prone to develop anxiety, and depression. Deficits in visuospatial functions, mental manipulation, psychomotor speed and short-term memory detected in our patients with acute UVL seem to be enhanced by accompanying anxiety and depression. The extent of vestibular dysfunction was correlated with the severity of deficits in visuospatial skills. Lesion side did not cause alterations in cognitive or emotional status.
Regulation of fatty acid composition related to ontogenetic changes and niche differentiation of a common aquatic consumer
Authors: Chaguaceda F. , Eklöv P. , Scharnweber K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFatty acids (FAs) are key nutrients for fitness which take part in multiple physiological processes over the ontogeny of organisms. Yet, we lack evidence on how FA nutrition mediates life-history trade-offs and ontogenetic niche shifts in natural populations. In a field study, we analyzed ontogenetic changes in the FAs of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis L.), a widespread fish that goes through ontogenetic niche shifts and can have high individual niche specialization. Diet explained most of the variation in the FA composition of perch dorsal muscle over early ontogeny (28%), while the total length explained 23%, suggesting that perch significantly regulated FA composition over early ontogeny. Condition explained 1% of the remaining variation. 18:3n-3 (ALA) and 18:4n-3 (SDA) indicated planktivory; 18:1n-7, benthivory; and 22:6n-3 (DHA), piscivory in perch diet. Conversely, perch regulated long-chained polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as 20:5n-3 (EPA), 20:4n-6 (ARA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) over ontogeny, emphasizing the role of such FAs in early growth and sexual maturation. Adult perch increasingly retained 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-9 suggesting higher energy storage in older perch. Furthermore, differences in DHA availability in diet correlated with intra-cohort differences in perch growth, potentially hindering the overall use of benthic resources and promoting earlier shifts to piscivory in littoral habitats. Overall, this study indicates that in addition to diet, internal regulation may be more important for FA composition than previously thought. Differences between FA needs and FA availability may lead to life-history trade-offs that affect the ecology of consumers, including their niche.
Symmetric Non-Negative Forms and Sums of Squares
Authors: Blekherman Grigoriy , Riener Cordian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study symmetric non-negative forms and their relationship with symmetric sums of squares. For a fixed number of variablesnand degree 2d, symmetric non-negative forms and symmetric sums of squares form closed, convex cones in the vector space ofn-variate symmetric forms of degree 2d. Using representation theory of the symmetric group we characterize both cones in a uniform way. Further, we investigate the asymptotic behavior when the degree 2dis fixed and the number of variablesngrows. Here, we show that, in sharp contrast to the general case, the difference between symmetric non-negative forms and sums of squares does not grow arbitrarily large for any fixed degree 2d. We consider the case of symmetric quartic forms in more detail and give a complete characterization of quartic symmetric sums of squares. Furthermore, we show that in degree 4 the cones of non-negative symmetric forms and symmetric sums of squares approach the same limit, thus these two cones asymptotically become closer as the number of variables grows. We conjecture that this is true in arbitrary degree 2d.
Comparing mixed hybrid finite element method with standard FEM in swelling simulations involving extremely large deformations
Authors: Yu Cong , Malakpoor Kamyar , Huyghe Jacques M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSwelling involving (extremely) large deformations simulations have wide range of applications in biomedicine, tissue engineering and hygienic product design. Typically, standard FEM is used in which deformations and chemical potential are chosen to be the prime variables. On the other hand, mixed hybrid finite element method (MHFEM) featuring an additional independent variable field flux possesses local mass conservation property. Such a property has shown its success in Darcy’s type equations with heterogeneous permeability. In this work, we perform a full-round comparison between MHFEM and FEM in solving swelling problems involving large deformations. Specifically, based on the permeability distributions, the problems fall into three categories: constant permeability, strain-dependent permeability and permeability with a discontinuous interface. For each category, we compare the two methods in aspects like solution convergence robustness, deformation, chemical potential and flux field accuracy and computational cost. We conclude that MHFEM outperforms standard FEM in terms of solution convergence robustness and the accuracy of all three fields when a swelling problem involves discontinuous interface in permeability.
Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during scoliosis surgery in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Dulfer S. E. , Lange F. , Wapstra F. H. , Potgieser A. R. E. , Valk J. P. , Absalom A. R. , Groen R. J. M. , Faber C. , Drost G. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Little is known about the reliability and value of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) undergoing scoliosis correction surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of IONM and the cortical excitability in these patients.

Methods
Fifteen patients with DMD and scoliosis and 15 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) underwent scoliosis correction surgery with the use of IONM. IONM consisted of transcranial electrical stimulation motor evoked potential (Tc-MEP) and somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) monitoring. The highest Tc-MEP amplitudes were collected to test the feasibility. Preoperative compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-MEPs were recorded to test the cortical excitability. SSEPs were scored as elicitable or not elicitable.

Results
Tc-MEP amplitudes were significantly lower in the DMD group for both the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles. However, the abductor hallucis muscle had similar amplitudes in both the DMD as the AIS group. TMS/CMAP and Tc-MEP/CMAP ratios were similar in the DMD and AIS group (P = 0.126 and P = 0.792 respectively).

Conclusions
Tc-MEP and SSEP monitoring is feasible, particularly when Tc-MEPs are recorded from the abductor hallucis muscle in patients with DMD. Similar TMS/CMAP and Tc-MEP/CMAP ratios show that there were no differences observed in cortical excitability between the groups. IONM seems a feasible and valuable neurophysiological tool to signal possible surgically induced damage to the spinal cord during scoliosis correction surgery in patients with DMD.