bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gap analysis of acoustic tracking data reveals spatial and temporal segregation in sympatric reef sharks
Authors: Williamson Michael J. , Tebbs Emma J , Dawson Terrence P , Curnick David J , Ferretti Francesco , Carlisle Aaron B , Chapple Taylor K , Schallert Robert J , Tickler David M , Block Barbara A , Jacoby David MP 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background There are now a wide array of field and laboratory techniques available for gaining insight into the movement and behaviour of sharks. Although acoustic telemetry may lack the fine-scale resolution of satellite telemetry, the low cost and longer battery life make it a powerful tool for investigating elasmobranch behaviour. Here, in the absence of satellite tracking data, we develop a novel approach to analysing acoustic telemetry data, using detection gaps to infer movement patterns to and from monitored reef habitats, to investigate spatial and temporal segregation between two sympatric shark species in a large remote MPA. Methods A total of 102 grey reef and 76 silvertip sharks were fitted with long-term acoustic transmitters and tracked inside a large acoustic array of reef-based receivers in the British Indian Ocean Territory MPA, between 2014 and 2018. From the resulting dataset (768,081 movements), movements between receivers and recursive loops to the same receiver were identified. Using the durations of inter-receiver movements (i.e. detection gaps), individual behaviours were classified into ‘restricted’ or ‘wider ranging’ movements. Drivers of these movements were identified using network analysis, generalised linear mixed models and multi-model inference starting from an a priori set of explanatory variables. Results In general, silvertip sharks were more likely to undertake ‘wider ranging’ movements than grey reef sharks. ‘Wider ranging’ movements were more common at night compared to during the day, and during the wet season compared to the dry season. In addition, the difference in ‘wider ranging’ movements between the two species increased at night. These results suggest spatial segregation and temporal segregation of movements between grey reef and silvertip sharks in the region. Conclusions We present a novel analysis of detection gaps from acoustic telemetry data to infer differential movement patterns and describe how species organise in space and time. Furthermore, this approach shows that acoustic telemetry gap analysis can be used for comparative studies, or combined, with other research techniques to better understand the functional role of sharks in reef ecosystems, moving towards more informed strategies for the conservation and management of the marine environment.
The Consequences of Methamphetamine use in Tehran: Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Lebni Javad Yoosefi , Ziapour Arash , Qorbani Mostafa , Baygi Fereshteh , Mirzaei Amin , Safari Omid , Rastegarimehr Babk , Khosravi Bahar , Mansourian Morteza 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: In recent years, methamphetamine use has increased noticeably in Iran, and this can have harmful consequences for the health of individuals and society. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate The Consequences of methamphetamine use in Tehran.Methods: This qualitative content analysis study was carried out by using conventional approach. Date were collected through observation and in-depth interview with 20 users of methamphetamine adult in Tehran (15 males and 5 female). Participants were selected through snowball and purposeful sampling method which continued until data saturation. Guba and Lincoln criteria were used to assess the strength of the research.Results: The extraction of the codes resulted in three main categories, including: 1. The short-term consequences, consisting of the sub-categories of individual and social consequences 2. The long-term consequences, consisting of the sub-categories of psychological, physical and behavioral consequences, severely decayed memory and changes in the eating pattern. 3. Illusions including the sub-categories of visual and auditory illusions, illusion of suspicion and illusion of having supernatural power.Conclusion: Methamphetamine use has serious adverse effects on overall health of individuals. Therefore, implementing educational programs in order to raise awareness and changing attitudes about the short and long term consequences of using methamphetamine in high risk group is highly recommended.
Perinatal caprine milk oligosaccharides consumption alters maternal and offspring liver gene expression
Authors: Thum Caroline , Young Wayne , Roy Nicole C , McNabb Warren C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Consumption of caprine milk oligosaccharides (CMO) by dams during gestation and lactation, compared to a control diet or a diet supplemented with galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), was associated with decreased maternal liver weight, increased offspring body weight and length at weaning, and increased offspring visceral fat and serum leptin concentration 30 days after weaning. These changes suggest that dietary CMO alters lipid metabolism, both in dams and offspring. We hypothesized that perinatal CMO intake affected expression of maternal genes in the liver involved in energy metabolism, and programmed pups’ metabolic function leading to increased post-weaning visceral adiposity. To characterise the effects of perinatal consumption of CMOs on maternal and offspring liver gene expression, C57BL/6 mice were fed either a control, CMO, or GOS diet from mating to weaning. From weaning, half of the pups from each maternal group were fed the control diet for 30 days. Microarray analysis was conducted on liver samples from dams and offspring. Differences in the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism were observed in dams and changes in expression of hepatic genes involved in energy balance and steroid metabolism were observed in pups at weaning. Increased visceral fat was observed in pups 30 days. Perinatal consumption of CMO diet affected infant lipid metabolism, which may be related to altered expression of genes in the liver involved in energy balance and lipid metabolism in dams.
Incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of lower extremity in patients undergoing surgeries for ankle fractures
Authors: Luo Zixuan , Chen Wei , Li Yansen , Wang Xiaomeng , Wang Weili , Zhu Yanbin , Zhang Fengqi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective To investigate the incidence of postoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVP) in patients undergoing surgeries for ankle fractures and identify the associated risk factors.Methods This was a retrospective study. A total of 1451 patients undergoing surgery of ankle fractures from January 2016 to June 2019 were included. Their inpatient medical records were inquired for data collection, including demographics, comorbidities, injury and surgery-related data and laboratory biomarkers. DVT of lower extremity was diagnosed by routine doppler examination. Univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors.Results Among the 1451 patients, DVT was confirmed in 38 cases, indicating an incidence of 2.6%. DVT involved both the operated and non-operated limbs in 8 patients (21.1%). DVT involved superficial femoral vein in 4 cases (6.6%), deep femoral vein in 2 (3.3%), popliteal vein in 5 (8.2%), posterior tibial vein in 11 (18.0%) and peroneal vein in 39 (63.9%). The median interval between operation and diagnosis of DVT was7 days. Six risk factors were identified to be independently associated with DVT, including age (10-year increase) (OR, 1.44), preoperative stay (delay of each day) (OR, 1.11), anesthesia (general vs regional) (OR, 3.51), lower hemoglobin level (OR, 2.02), total cholesterol >5.2mmol/L (OR, 3.20) and reduced lymphocyte count (OR, 3.16).Conclusion These identified factors, although not easily modifiable, do help counsel patients about the risk of DVT and help individualized assessment of the risk factors and accordingly the risk stratification.
Fasciotomy through Multiple Small Skin Incisions for the treatment of early acute osteofascial compartment syndrome in children
Authors: Yuan Xiaowei , Wu Jun , Qu Xiangyang , Li Ming , Jiang Linjun , Liu Xing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Surgical decompression should be applied at the earliest stage of osteofascial compartment syndrome. Traditional fasciotomy was useful to decompress the compartment pressure, but may lead to serious complications and requirement of a second operation to close the wound. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of fasciotomy through multiple small skin incisions for the treatment of early osteofascial compartment syndrome in children. Methods From January 2009 to May 2017, 56 pediatric patients with early osteofascial compartment syndrome in their limbs were admitted into our department and treated with multiple small skin incisions for decompression at the early stage. The skin incisions, function and sensation of the limbs were followed up. Results The OCS was diagnosed at 7.4±2.1 hours after injury, and then fasciotomy was performed at 1.4±0.4 hours later. The average procedure time of fasciotomy was 12.7±4.8 minutes. No postoperative incision infections or neurovascular injuries were observed in all the patients. The incisions completely healed in 7-10 days with an average healing time of 8 days without secondary suture. The patients were followed up for an average of 5.1 years. No Volkmann’s contractures in the injured climbs were found. The appearance, electromyography and nerve conduction velocity of the affected limbs were not significantly different from that of the contralateral limbs. All the patients were free of symptoms, were full recovery of sensation and function, being an “excellent” outcome at the latest follow-up. Conclusion Fasciotomy through multiple small skin incisions, which can be useful to decompress the compartment pressure with fewer complications, is a simple and effective strategy for the treatment of early osteofascial compartment syndrome in children.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards Oral Hygiene among Students of Medhanealem High School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Abate Buizayehu , Ephrem Mahlet , Gebremariam Miskir , Ayalew Yodit , Shimels Tariku 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background : poor oral health can affect a person’s day today as well as overall quality of life. Discomforts from experience of pain, problems with eating and chewing, embarrassment about the shape, missing, discolored or damaged teeth can adversely affect peoples’ daily lives and well-being. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of oral hygiene among preparatory students of Medhanealem high School in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method : A cross sectional study design was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire from June to September 2019 in Medhanealem high school, Addis Ababa. Data was analyzed using SPSS V.20 and a descriptive statistics was employed to present results on knowledge, attitude and practices of high school students towards oral hygiene. Result : A total of 320 students have participated in the study, of whom 207(64.7 % ) were female. The study revealed that 201(62.8 % ) of the respondents had poor knowledge with regard to oral hygiene, about half (52.1 % ) of the students had negative attitude toward oral hygiene, and their oral hygiene practices were still low that 193 (60.4 % ) of the students reported inadequate practice. The chewed stick (mefakiya) is the most common oral hygiene aid used for cleaning teeth which was adopted by 134(51 % ) students. Conclusions : The study showed that oral hygiene knowledge, attitude and practice among the secondary school students in Medanealem preparatory school were not satisfactory. The findings of this study suggest that awareness on the importance of oral hygiene needs to be enhanced along with regular education.
Effects of chitooligosaccharide-zinc on mice ovarian function in premature ovarian failure via regulating the sestrin2/nrf2 signaling pathway
Authors: Li Jia , Chen Yuhang , Xu Jiayu , Liu Jiangying , Fu Jiacheng , Cao Xiuping , Huang Jian , Zheng Yuehui 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe chitosan oligosaccharide-zinc (COS·Zn) is also a powerful antioxidant and anti-aging scavenger, whose anti-oxidative ability immensely exceeds that of vitamin C. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective effects and potential mechanism by which COS·Zn improves ovarian function and delays aging in POF.MethodsThe female KM adult mice and POF mice were divided into treated and prevention groups; these were prophylactically or therapeutically administered COS·Zn (150mg/kg·d, 300mg/kg·d) for 21 days, respectively. ResultsThe number of antral follicles in COS·Zn-treated groups was lower in the treated and prevention groups than that in the control group, respectively. Obviously, the ovarian index, the level of FSH and LH all increased notably during the 300 mg/kg·d treated group and the prevention group compared with cy/bus groups. The expression of MVH, OCT4 and PCNA in the 300 mg/kg·d treated groups and MVH in the prevention groups were remarkably increased compared with the CY/BUS group. Meanwhile, the protein levels of P53 and P16 were markedly down-regulated in the treated groups and prevention groups compared with CY/BUS, except for the expression of P53 in the prevention groups. Furthermore, the Sestrin2 (SESN2) and SOD2 proteins were significantly higher in the 150 mg/kg·d treated group compared with the CY/BUS group, but the 300 mg/kg·d and CY/BUS group showed no significant difference in the level of SESN2. Similarly, the NRF2 and SESN2 proteins were up-regulated in the prevention groups, and the change in SOD2 was not significant. The results revealed increased GSH levels in the 150 mg/kg·d and 300 mg/kg·d treated groups compared with CY/BUS group, and the same trend was also shown in the prevention groups.1Conclusion COS·Zn improves ovarian and follicular developmental defects caused by regulating the sestrin2-nrf2 signaling pathway, and these results suggest a novel product that is effective a POF prevention and treatment drug.
“Two-colour capsules”: Commonly used non-prescribed antibiotics in the self-management of self-diagnosed illness amongst pharmacy customers in Maputo city.
Authors: Torres Neusa Fernanda , Solomon Vernon P. , Middleton Lyn E. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: After analgesics, antibiotics are the most commercialized, prescribed and utilized drugs worldwide. The persistent inappropriate use of these precious drugs is developing, with non-prescription sales and the consequent practices of self-medication with antibiotics (SMA) undermining the global efforts to rationalize their use and contain the antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed to identify the commonly used antibiotics and the main health conditions leading to the practice of self-medication with antibiotics. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study with 32 pharmacy customers and 17 pharmacists working in nine private pharmacies in Maputo city. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted with customers while in-depth interviews were held with pharmacists. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded and analysed using latent content analysis. The COREQ (Tong, 2007) checklist for interviews and FGD was performed. Results: Frequent use of non-prescribed antibiotics (NPA) was admitted by 30 of the 32 customers while 15 of the 17 pharmacists admitted NPA dispensing. Antibiotics such as amoxicillin cotrimoxazole, azithromycin, and metronidazole, amoxicillin with acid clavulanic, tetracycline, doxycycline and erythromycin were used after participants self-diagnosed or self-perceived health conditions related to sore throat, fever, cough, vaginal discharge, eye problem, common flu, urinary infection, respiratory infection, wounds, and toothaches. Conclusion: The therapeutic itineraries customers adopt, such as practicing SMA and/or seeking healthcare at the pharmacy, together with the suboptimal dispensing practices of pharmacists, and weak regulatory and law enforcement, are enabling the growing but dangerous practice of SMA among Maputo city private pharmacies customers. Multifaceted interventions are needed to involve public health stakeholders, pharmacists and healthcare professionals to enlighten customers through public education regarding the inappropriate use of antibiotics at all levels.
Endosphere microbiome assemblage in scented black rice is affected by plant development, with possible functional roles
Authors: Singha K. Malabika , Singh Brahmanand , Maheswari Dinesh Kumar , Pandey Piyush 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Endophytic bacterial community of plant helps in plant growth and health. However, compositional and functional responses of bacterial endophyte communities in black rice and its correlation with antioxidant property are still not understood. Black scented rice, Chakhao ( Oryza sativa L.) is important for its unique fragrance, high antioxidant and anthocyanin content. Here, the compositional and functional role of the endophytic bacterial community, associated with black scented rice - Chakhao ( Oryza sativa L.) at young and mature stage of plant growth, in correlation with antioxidant property has been elucidated.Result: Bray–Curtis community dissimilarity analysis confirmed overlapping of community in shoot and root tissues at the young stage, but not in mature plants. Proteobacteria was found to be the most dominant phyla, and along with Cyanobacteria and Planctomycetes, it dominated the core endospheric microbiome. The genera Agrobacterium, Pleomorphomonas, Bradyrhizobium, Novasphingobium, Caulobacter, Devosia were the most abundant. The antioxidant activity of mature stage plants was found to be higher in comparison to young plants. The total polyphenol content (TPC) was found to be highest in root of Sempak variety (89.06 µg GAE/g). The relative abundance of Pleomorphomonas was positively correlated with TPC, while Gemmata , Unclassified Pirellulaceae , Unclassified Stramenopiles positively correlated with total flavonoid content (TFC). Accordingly, functional metagenome analysis of the endophytic microbiome revealed that few unique genes (naringenin-3-dioxygenase and anthocyanidin-3-O-glucosyltransferases) for flavonoid and anthocyanin synthesis were abundant in mature stage of plant development. Specific enrichment of the antioxidant producing genes in the mature plant endophytic microbiome was assigned to bacteria such as Streptomyces, Pantoea and Bradyrhizobium , which might have contributed to the common pathway of flavonoid synthesis. Conclusion: This study allows us to recognize the linkage between the endophytic bacterial community dynamics and antioxidant activity of scented black rice plant and its comparative account at young and mature stages of growth.
Predictive models for Talaromyces marneffei infection in HIV-infected patients using routinely collected data
Authors: Hu Jiaguang , Li Xu , Chen Tao , Liang Bingyu , Wei Wudi , Meng Dali , Lin Yu , Li Minji , Zhang Peng , Jing Wenjuan , Tang Gui , Lin Mingjia , Jiang Zhongsheng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
ObjectivesLate diagnosis of Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) in patients with HIV/AIDS infection is strongly associated with greater mortality. To date, effective predictive model for T. marneffei infection in clinical practice have not been established. We aimed to identify a non-culture-based method for rapid detection of T. marneffei infection in HIV/AIDS patients.MethodsThe prediction models were initially constructed using patients in a retrospective cohort study. We obtained demographics, clinical and laboratory data for each individual. Univariate comparisons, logistic regression, Random Forest (RF) analysis and receiver-operating characteristic curves (ROC) were used to identify and evaluate the predictive factors of T. marneffei infection status.ResultsHIV-infected patients with a baseline characterized by weight loss, typical skin lesions, peripheral or abdominal lymphadenopathy (POAL), hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, decrease lymphocyte count, abnormal aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level , higher AST to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio index (AARI) level (>1) and lower (<50 cells/mL) CD4+ T-cell counts had an increased risk of T. marneffei infection. Skin lesions, POAL, AARI, AST level and CD4+ T-cell count resulted in good classifiers of T. marneffei infection by RF analysis. RF model had a relative high power [area under the ROC curve (AUC): 0.859] to predict T. marneffei infection in the present study. A new indicator combine AST level and AARI could increase the classification power of the model (AUC: 0.877).ConclusionOur data suggest that accurate assessments for T. marneffei infection can be obtained using routinely collected data of patients with HIV. The prediction model could used to identify HIV patients who currently have early stage of T. marneffei infection, which would be benefit to both patients and clinicians.