bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflow artifact reduction using an adaptive flip‐angle navigator restore pulse for late gadolinium enhancement of the left atrium
Authors: Henningsson Markus , Carlhäll Carl‐Johan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeLate gadolinium enhancement (LGE) of the left atrium is susceptible to artifacts arising from the right pulmonary veins, caused by inflowing blood tagged by the navigator restore pulse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new method to reduce the inflow artifact using an adaptive flip‐angle restore pulse.MethodsA low‐restore angle reduces the inflow artifact but may lead to a poor navigator SNR. The proposed approach aims to determine the patient‐specific restore angle, which optimizes the trade‐off between inflow artifacts and navigator SNR. Three‐dimensional LGE with adaptive navigator restore (3D LGEA) was implemented by incrementing the flip angle of the restore pulse from a starting value of 0°, based on the navigator normalized cross‐correlation. Magnetic resonance imaging experiments were performed on a 1.5T scanner. The value of 3D LGEA was compared with 3D LGE with a constant 180° restore pulse (3D LGE180) in 22 patients with heart diseases. The values of 3D LGEA and 3D LGE180 were compared in terms of pulmonary vein blood signal relative to reference blood in the descending aorta (PVrel) and visual scoring to determine level of motion artifacts using a 4‐point scale (1 = severe artifacts; 4 = no artifacts).ResultsThe value of PVrel was significantly lower for 3D LGEA than for 3D LGE180 (1.16 ± 0.23 vs. 1.59 ± 0.29, P < .001). Furthermore, visual scoring of the motion artifacts yielded no difference (P = .78).ConclusionAdaptively adjusting the navigator restore flip angle based on the navigator normalized cross‐correlation reduces the 3D LGE inflow artifact without affecting image quality or the scan time.
Real‐world data in Saudi Arabia: Current situation and challenges for regulatory decision‐making
Authors: Alnofal Fatemah A. , Alrwisan Adel A. , Alshammari Thamir M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeTo present the process of establishing a pharmacoepidemiological database in Saudi Arabia, challenges and models used.MethodsThe database establishment has started in 2017 by piloting the conversion of electronic health records of one hospital to the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership's Common Data Model (OMOP).ResultsDuring the pilot phase we have faced several challenges such as limited contribution in providing data by local medical institution due to uncertainty about data governance, diversity of systems used by hospitals, inconsistent coding of medical information, and limited awareness about data structure from participating hospital. The pilot phase was completed in 2019 containing information about patient attributes, medical care, therapies, and other additional services for around 130 000 patients in Saudi Arabia. The majority of patients were below the age of 50 years (89%), and acute respiratory infections were the most frequent diagnosis. The data quality was acceptable and no major anomalies were detected during the conversion.ConclusionsWe demonstrated a successful creation of a pilot database using OHDSI Common Data Model. Our experience with the pilot database could be extended to other institutions to create a national dataset that could be used to generate real‐world evidence.
Registration of USDA‐N7004 soybean germplasm with good yield, elevated seed protein, and 25% exotic pedigree from Tamahikari
Authors: McNeece Brant T. , Bagherzadi Laleh , Carter Thomas E. , Mian M. A. Rouf 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUSDA‐N7004 (Reg. no. GP‐438, PI 692263) is a conventional late maturity group VII soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasm with good yield potential, elevated seed protein content, and 25% exotic pedigree from Japanese cultivar Tamahikari (PI 423897). USDA‐N7004 was jointly released as a non‐GM germplasm by the USDA‐ARS and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service in September 2019. USDA‐N7004, experimental name N10‐711, was derived from a cross of USDA‐ARS breeding lines NTCPR01‐163 (‘Dillon’ × Tamahikari) and N03‐832. Across 27 environments of the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests‐Southern States (Uniform Tests), USDA‐N7004 yielded 97 and 94% of elite checks ‘N7003CN’ and ‘NC‐Wilder’, respectively. Over 20 environments of United Soybean Board Southern Diversity Yield Trials (Diversity Trials), USDA‐N7004 yielded 98 and 94% of the same two checks, respectively. In the Uniform Tests, seed protein content of USDA‐N7004 (421 g kg−1) was significantly higher than N7003CN and NC‐Wilder on a zero‐moisture basis (405 and 399 g kg−1, respectively). The meal protein content of USDA‐N7004 (49%) was significantly higher than N7003CN or NC‐Wilder (47%) in the Uniform Tests as well as in the Diversity Trials. USDA‐N7004 should be a useful parent in breeding programs aimed at broadening the genetic base of soybean along with improving seed protein and seed yield.
A systematic study of stereochemical effects in homologous poly(alkenamer)s: Dewar benzene versus norbornene
Authors: Lee Stanfield Y. , Seo Jinwon , Bielawski Christopher W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTwo diastereomeric derivatives of norbornene, dimethyl (1R,2R,3S,4S)‐bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐ene‐2,3‐dicarboxylate and dimethyl (1R,2S,3S,4S)‐bicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐ene‐2,3‐dicarboxylate, were synthesized and polymerized using ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). For comparative purposes, diastereomeric derivatives of Dewar benzene, dimethyl (1R,2S,3R,4S)‐bicyclo[2.2.0]hex‐5‐ene‐2,3‐dicarboxylate and dimethyl (1R,2S,3S,4S)‐bicyclo[2.2.0]hex‐5‐ene‐2,3‐dicarboxylate, were also synthesized and polymerized using ROMP. The polymerization reactions proceeded in a controlled manner as evidenced in part by linear relationships between the monomer‐to‐catalyst feed ratios and the molecular weights of the polymer products. Chain extension experiments were also conducted which facilitated the formation of block copolymers. Although the poly(norbornene) derivatives exhibited glass transition temperatures that were dependent on their monomer stereochemistry (cis: 115°C vs. trans: 125°C), more pronounced differences were observed upon analysis of the polymers derived from Dewar benzene (cis: 70°C vs. trans: 95°C). Likewise, microphase separation was observed in block copolymers that were prepared using the diastereomeric monomers derived from Dewar benzene but not in block copolymers of the norbornene‐based diastereomers. The differential thermal properties were attributed to the relative monomer sizes as reducing the distances between the polymer backbones and the pendant stereocenters appeared to enhance the thermal effects.
The impact of social constraints on insomnia among African‐American breast cancer survivors: The mediating role of fear of recurrence
Authors: Martin Chloé M. , Greene Danyella , Harrell Jules P. , Mwendwa Denée Thomas , Williams Carla D. , Horton Sara , Cradle Melanie , Hudson Briana D. , Taylor Teletia R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveInsomnia is a significant concern among African‐American breast cancer survivors (BCS). Social constraints (SC)—receiving unsupportive or critical responses when expressing trauma‐related emotions—and fear of recurrence (FOR) have been associated with insomnia. We examined FOR as a mediator in the relationship between SC and insomnia in African‐American BCS. We hypothesized a direct effect of SC on insomnia, and an indirect effect of SC on insomnia through FOR.MethodsSixty‐four African‐American BCS completed a questionnaire assessing demographics, clinical characteristics, SC, FOR, and insomnia. Participants were an average of M = 8.41 (SD = 5.8) year survivors. The mediation was tested using PROCESS for SPSS.ResultsThe direct effect of SC on insomnia was significant (direct effect = .17, SE = .08, P = .04). Moreover, the indirect effect of SC on insomnia through FOR was significant (indirect effect = .19, SE = .10, 95% CI = .05, .41).ConclusionsExperiencing SC from family and friends could produce cognitions that impact sleep for BCS, and FOR could be one of those cognitions. Family‐based models of care that emphasize the emotional needs of survivors and families could be a relevant strategy to address the SC that impacts sleep.
Progress on Lithium Dendrite Suppression Strategies from the Interior to Exterior by Hierarchical Structure Designs
Authors: Shen Lu , Shi Peiran , Hao Xiaoge , Zhao Qiang , Ma Jiabin , He Yan‐Bing , Kang Feiyu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLithium (Li) metal is promising for high energy density batteries due to its low electrochemical potential (−3.04 V) and high specific capacity (3860 mAh g−1). However, the safety issues impede the commercialization of Li anode batteries. In this work, research of hierarchical structure designs for Li anodes to suppress Li dendrite growth and alleviate volume expansion from the interior (by the 3D current collector and host matrix) to the exterior (by the artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), protective layer, separator, and solid state electrolyte) is concluded. The basic principles for achieving Li dendrite and volume expansion free Li anode are summarized. Following these principles, 3D porous current collector and host matrix are designed to suppress the Li dendrite growth from the interior. Second, artificial SEI, the protective layer, and separator as well as solid‐state electrolyte are constructed to regulate the distribution of current and control the Li nucleation and deposition homogeneously for suppressing the Li dendrite growth from exterior of Li anode. Ultimately, this work puts forward that it is significant to combine the Li dendrite suppression strategies from the interior to exterior by 3D hierarchical structure designs and Li metal modification to achieve excellent cycling and safety performance of Li metal batteries.
Simplified seismic axial collapse capacity prediction model for moderately compressed reinforced concrete shear walls adjacent to transfer structure in tall buildings
Authors: Shan Zhiwei , Looi Daniel T. W. , Cheng Bei , Su Ray K. L. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryNonseismically detailed reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls adjacent to transfer structure in tall buildings are found to have short shear spans and designed to hold considerable axial load. In a previous paper, a Modified Mohr's Axial Capacity Model was developed by the authors to estimate the axial collapse of these RC walls in seismic events, which is expressed as an axial load ratio devised based on classical Mohr's circle framework. It was noted that the previous model can be complicated and appears not suitable for direct adoption in engineering design check. Hence, in this paper, a new simplified seismic axial collapse capacity prediction model is formulated to improvise the previous model. This simplified model typifies the practical range of shear wall geometry, concrete strength, steel reinforcement stress and strain and reinforcement ratio. Simplified charts to estimate maximum shear stress are presented for quicker design check. The complex inelastic buckling stress calculation is simplified into graphs and design equations. A knife‐edge feasible solutions zone is defined, expressed as an inequality function of axial‐to‐shear capacity ratio and additional axial stress induced by lateral shear. Recommendations are made based on results obtained from Genetic Algorithm search and further justified by parametric studies.
Application of Accelerators and Storage Rings
Authors: Dohlus M. , Rossbach J. , Bethge K. H. W. , Meijer J. , Amaldi U. , Magrin G. , Lindroos M. , Molloy S. , Rees G. , Seidel M. , Angert N. , Boine-Frankenheim O. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIt is well known from Maxwell theory that electromagnetic radiation is emitted whenever electric charges are accelerated in free space. This radiation assumes quite extraordinary properties whenever the charged particles move at ultrarelativistic speed: The radiation becomes very powerful and tightly collimated in space, and it may easily cover a rather wide spectrum ranging from the THz into the hard X-ray regime. When generation of such radiation is intended rather than being a side effect, the charged particles are normally electrons, thus kinetic energies are then typically in the multi-MeV range.
Design and Principles of Synchrotrons and Circular Colliders
Authors: Holzer B. J. , Goddard B. , Herr Werner , Muratori Bruno , Rivkin L. , Biagini M. E. , Jowett J. M. , Hanke K. , Fischer W. , Caspers F. , Möhl D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLattice design in the context we will describe it here is the design and optimization of the principle elements—the lattice cells—of a circular accelerator, and it includes the dedicated variation of the accelerator elements (as for example position and strength of the magnets in the machine) to obtain well defined and predictable parameters of the stored particle beam. It is therefore closely related to the theory of linear beam optics that has been described in Chap.10.1007/978-3-030-34245-6_2[1].
Accelerator Operations
Authors: Lamont M. , Wenninger J. , Steinhagen R. , Tomás García R. , Garoby R. , Assmann R. W. , Brüning O. , Hostettler M. , Damerau H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe cost of building a particle accelerator is a major capital investment. Commissioning should be swift and the subsequent exploitation of a facility must provide an effective return. This return may be difficult to quantify unambiguously but generally acceptable measures of performance can be established. These measures might include: machine availability; integrated luminosity; protons on target; beam hours to users and so on.
Updating dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2): molecular basis, functions and role in diseases
Authors: Correa-Sáez Alejandro , Jiménez-Izquierdo Rafael , Garrido-Rodríguez Martín , Morrugares Rosario , Muñoz Eduardo , Calzado Marco A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMembers of the dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase (DYRKs) subfamily possess a distinctive capacity to phosphorylate tyrosine, serine, and threonine residues. Among the DYRK class II members, DYRK2 is considered a unique protein due to its role in disease. According to the post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications, DYRK2 expression greatly differs among human tissues. Regarding its mechanism of action, this kinase performs direct phosphorylation on its substrates or acts as a priming kinase, enabling subsequent substrate phosphorylation by GSK3β. Moreover, DYRK2 acts as a scaffold for the EDVP E3 ligase complex during the G2/M phase of cell cycle. DYRK2 functions such as cell survival, cell development, cell differentiation, proteasome regulation, and microtubules were studied in complete detail in this review. We have also gathered available information from different bioinformatic resources to show DYRK2 interactome, normal and tumoral tissue expression, and recurrent cancer mutations. Then, here we present an innovative approach to clarify DYRK2 functionality and importance. DYRK2 roles in diseases have been studied in detail, highlighting this kinase as a key protein in cancer development. First, DYRK2 regulation of c-Jun, c-Myc, Rpt3, TERT, and katanin p60 reveals the implication of this kinase in cell-cycle-mediated cancer development. Additionally, depletion of this kinase correlated with reduced apoptosis, with consequences on cancer patient response to chemotherapy. Other functions like cancer stem cell formation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition regulation are also controlled by DYRK2. Furthermore, the pharmacological modulation of this protein by different inhibitors (harmine, curcumine, LDN192960, and ID-8) has enabled to clarify DYRK2 functionality.
Immuntherapie beim malignen Melanom
Authors: Zaremba A. , Zimmer L. , Griewank K. G. , Ugurel S. , Roesch A. , Schadendorf D. , Livingstone E. 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungObwohl das kutane Melanom nur etwa 4 % aller Hautkrebsarten (einschließlich des nichtmelanozytären Hautkrebses) ausmacht, ist es für 80 % aller durch Hautkrebs verursachten Todesfälle verantwortlich. Die Einführung von Immuncheckpointinhibitoren führte zu einer erheblichen Verbesserung des Langzeitüberlebens von Patienten im fortgeschrittenen Stadium unabhängig vom BRAF-Mutations-Status. Neben der zielgerichteten Therapie für Patienten mit BRAF-mutiertem Melanom sind Immuntherapien die Behandlungsoptionen der Wahl im fortgeschrittenen Stadium und seit 2018 auch in der adjuvanten Therapie. Aktuell wird in Studien die Wirksamkeit von Therapiekombinationen sowie Sequenztherapien mit zielgerichteten und Immuntherapien geprüft.
Surgical Needs of Internally Displaced Persons in Kerenik, West Darfur, Sudan
Authors: Kuwayama David P. , Chu Kathryn M. , Hartman Zachary , Idris Bashir , Wolfgang Christopher , Frist Hon William H. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe burden of surgical disease in refugee and internally displaced person (IDP) populations has not been well defined. Populations fleeing conflict are mobile, limiting the effectiveness of traditional sampling methods. We employed novel sampling and survey techniques to conduct a population‐based surgical needs assessment amongst IDPs in Kerenik, West Darfur, Sudan, over 4 weeks in 2008.
MethodsSatellite imagery was used to identify man‐made structures. Ground teams were guided by GPS to randomly selected households. A newly created surgical needs survey was administered by surgeons to household members. One randomly selected individual answered demographic and medical history questions pertaining to themselves and first‐degree blood relatives. All household members were offered a physical examination looking for surgical disease.FindingsThere were 780 study participants; 82% were IDPs. A history since displacement of surgical and potentially surgical conditions was reported in 38% of respondents and by 73% of respondents in first‐degree blood relatives. Surgical histories included trauma (gunshots, stabbings, assaults) (5% respondents; 27% relatives), burns (6% respondents; 14% relatives), and obstetrical problems (5% female respondents; 11% relatives). 1485 individuals agreed to physical examinations. Untreated surgical and potentially surgical disease was identified in 25% of participants.InterpretationWe identified and characterized a high burden of surgical and potentially surgical disease in an IDP population in West Darfur. Our study is unique in its direct assessment of a traumatized, mobile, vulnerable population. Health officials and agencies charged with the care of IDP and refugee populations should be aware of the high prevalence of surgical and potentially surgical conditions in these communities. This study adds to the growing body of evidence that investment in surgical resources may address a significant portion of the overall burden of disease in marginalized populations.
A Household Survey to Evaluate Access to Surgical Care in Vanuatu
Authors: Bunkley N. , Bissett I. , Buka M. , Bong J. , Leodoro B. , Dare A. , Perry W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionSurgical care is an integral part of any healthcare system, yet there is a paucity of data on the burden of surgical disease, surgical capacity and access to surgical services in the Pacific region. This study aimed to evaluate access to surgical care through a pilot household survey in the Vanuatu island of Efate and five of its surrounding islands.MethodsThe 2009 Vanuatu census’ GPS coordinates were used to randomly select 150 rural and 150 urban households from Efate and its surrounding islands. A total of 143 urban households and 142 rural households were available for inclusion in this study. A household questionnaire was developed to evaluate access to surgical care and included information regarding household demographics, socio‐economic indicators and perceived and realised barriers to accessing care. The questionnaire was administered by local health workers, and data were collected electronically.ResultsQuestionnaires were completed by 285 households. Two hundred and forty‐one out of 254 (94.8%) households reported being able to access Port Vila Hospital, if required. The most commonly cited potential barriers to accessing surgical care were financial constraints (42.4%) and transport (26.4%).ConclusionOur results provide important insights into the geographic, sociocultural and economic barriers to seeking, reaching and receiving surgical care in this region of Vanuatu. Identifying specific areas and communities with poor access to care, alongside the determinants of access, will help in designing both clinical and policy interventions to improve access to surgical care.
Chronic cough related to the upper airway cough syndrome: one entity but not always the same
Authors: Dąbrowska Marta , Arcimowicz Magdalena , Grabczak Elżbieta M. , Truba Olga , Rybka Aleksandra , Białek-Gosk Katarzyna , Klimowicz Karolina , Jamróz Barbara , Niemczyk K. , Krenke Rafał 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), described as chronic cough (CC) associated with allergic (AR), non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) or chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), is one of the major causes of CC. We aimed to characterize a cohort of UACS patients with special attention to differences between patients with AR and NAR.

Methods
A prospective analysis of clinical data of patients, diagnosed with UACS between 2015 and 2018.

Results
There were 143 patients diagnosed with UACS, median age 52 years, women predominance (68.5%), The group comprised of 59 (41%) AR and 84 (59%) NAR subjects, CRS diagnosed in 17 (12%). Median cough duration: 48 months (IQR 24–120), median cough severity (VAS)—60 mm (IQR 42–78), median Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) score—11.3 (IQR 8.7–13.7), never-smokers: 70%. The most common symptoms: PND (62%), rhinorrhea (59%), nasal congestion (54%), abnormalities of sinus CT: septum deviation (62%), turbinates hypertrophy (53%), mucosal thickening (53%). UACS as the only cause of CC, was presented in 20 patients (14%). We found no differences between patients with AR and NAR in terms of age, gender, duration and severity of cough, BMI, blood eosinophil count, total IgE and FeNO. AR was associated with higher comorbidity of asthma than NAR (54% vs 35%, p = 0.019). Abnormalities in sinus CT scan were more frequently found in patients with NAR than AR (p = 0.018).

Conclusion
NAR is the most common upper airway disease associated with UACS. Clinical characteristics of UACS patients with AR and NAR are similar with only minor differences between these groups. It seems reasonable to plan further studies concerning relationship of NAR and cough sensitivity, also in terms of potential similar neurogenic mechanism.
Key gait findings for diagnosing three syndromic categories of dynamic instability in patients with balance disorders
Authors: Schniepp Roman , Möhwald Ken , Wuehr Max 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith the emergence of affordable, clinical-orientated gait analysis techniques, clinicians may benefit from a general understanding of quantitative gait analysis procedures and their clinical applications. This article provides an overview of the potential of a quantitative gait analysis for decision support in three clinically relevant scenarios of early stage gait disorders: scenario I: gait ataxia and unsteadiness; scenario II: hypokinesia and slow gait; scenario III: apparently normal gait with a specific fall tendency in complex mobility situations. In a first part, we justify the advantages of standardized data collection and analysis procedures including data normalization and dimensionality reduction techniques that facilitate clinical interpretability of instrument-based gait profiles. We then outline typical patterns of pathological gait and their modulation during different walking conditions (variation of speed, sensory perturbation, and dual tasking) and highlight key aspects that are particularly helpful to support and guide clinical decision-making.