bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rs2736100 within the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene and rs16847897 within the telomerase RNA component gene moderate the association between internalizing mental disorders and telomere length attrition among HIV+ children and adolescents in Uganda
Authors: Kalungi Allan , Kinyanda Eugene , Womersley Jacqueline Samantha , Joloba Moses Lutaakome , Ssembajjwe Wilber , Nsubuga Rebecca Namugabwe , Kaleebu Pontiano , Levin Jonathan , Kidd Martin , Seedat Soraya , Hemmings Sian Megan Joanna 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Internalizing mental disorders (IMDs) have been associated with accelerated telomere length (TL) attrition; however, this association has not been investigated in the context of genetic variation. A large genome-wide meta-analysis has implicated several loci that affect mean TL, in particular single nucleotide polymorphisms within the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA component (TERC) genes. Genetic variations in the solute carrier family 6 member 4 gene (SLC6A4) and the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) genes have also been reported to moderate the association between social environment and TL. The SLC6A4 codes for the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), a protein that recycles serotonin from synapses while the TPH2 codes for tryptophan hydroxylase 2, an enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting reaction in serotonin biosynthesis. This case-control study used linear regression models to investigate the moderating effects of selected polymorphisms in TERT, TERC, SLC6A4 and TPH2 genes on the association between IMDs and relative TL (rTL), among Ugandan HIV+ children (7-11 years) and adolescents (12-17 years). Investigated polymorphisms were: rs2736100, rs7726159, rs10069690, and rs2853669 (TERT); rs12696304, rs16847897 and rs10936599 (TERC); 5-HTTLPR, rs35531, 5-HTTLPR/rs35531 and STin2.VNTRs (SLC6A4) and rs1843809, rs1386494, and rs34517220 (TPH2). Results At baseline, HIV+ children and adolescents with any internalizing mental disorder had significantly longer relative TL compared to controls matched for site, age, sex and socio-economic status (p = 0.001). None of the polymorphisms investigated had any moderating effect on the observed association between IMDs and baseline rTL. At 12 months, we observed no statistically significant difference in 12-month rTL between baseline cases and controls (p = 0.117), however, on modeling the effects of each of the selected polymorphisms, we observed that the interaction of IMDs and each of rs2736100 and rs16847897 significantly influenced rTL (p = 0.007 and p = 0.012 respectively). Conclusions The rs2736100 and rs16847897 polymorphisms moderate the association between IMDs and rTL among Ugandan HIV+ children and adolescents over time. The T-allele for rs2736100 and a C-allele for rs16847897 are associated with accelerated rTL attrition among cases of IMDs. The mechanisms under which these alleles interact with IMDs to moderate rTL require further investigations.
Association of number of siblings, birth order, and thinness in 3- to 12-year-old children: a population-based cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Yu Tingting , Chen Chang , Jin Zhijuan , Yang You , Jiang Yanrui , Hong Li , Yu Xiaodan , Mei Hao , Jiang Fan , Liu Shijian , Huang Hong , Jin Xingming 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the associations among number of siblings, birth order, and childhood thinness as well as the effect of number of younger or older siblings on childhood thinness. Methods: In this study, we performed a population-based cross-sectional study among 84075 3- to 12-year-old children in Shanghai using multistage stratified cluster random sampling. We defined grade 1, 2, and 3 thinness according to the body mass index cutoff points set by the International Obesity Task Force, and used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: Compared with only children, sibling children were more likely to be thin: one sibling (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.11, 1.31) and two or more siblings (OR = 1.10 95% CI 1.02, 1.19); Middle children (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.04, 1.26) and youngest children (OR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.23, 1.55) had significantly increased ORs for childhood thinness. There was no statistically significant relationship, however, between a larger number of younger or older siblings and childhood thinness. Conclusions: Having either siblings or a higher birth order was positively associated with childhood thinness. The present study suggests that future interventions to prevent childhood thinness should consider family background as an important factor, especially in multi-child families.
Mortality rate and predictors of Stroke: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Mersha Amanual Getnet , Abegaz Tadesse Melaku , Seid Mohammed Assen , Gebreyohannes Eyob Alemayehu , Bhagavath Akshaya Srikanth , Gebresillassie Begashaw Melaku , Ayalew Mohammed Biset 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Global data on stroke mortality remained to be sparse. In light of this, we aimed to conduct a Meta-analysis and systematic review of observational studies to estimate the mortality of stroke and to identify risk factors that predispose patients for stroke-related death.Methods This study was conducted based on the Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. Overall mortality, in-hospital and 30- day mortality due to stroke were the primary outcome measures of the study. The meta-analysis was performed using Stata (Version 14, Stata Corp, College Station, Texas). Random-effect models were used for estimating pooled effects.Findings Overall, thirty two studies assessed overall mortality due to stroke. A total number of 2,885, 126 patients were recruited for the study. Pooled estimate indicated that the overall mortality of stroke was reported to be 20% (19%-22%). Whereas, the 30-day and In-hospital mortality were found to be 18% (16%-20%) and 16% (16%-19%), respectively. A subgroup analysis revealed that Africa registered the highest stroke-related death 29% (23%-36%). Hypertension was found to be an important risk factor for mortality secondary to stroke 61.9% (52.8%-71.1%).Conclusion Overall mortality of stroke was estimated to be twenty percent. The burden of stroke mortality was prominent in Africa region. Hypertension remained to be an independent risk factor for stroke mortality. Mortality of stroke can be minimized by establishing stroke centers that promptly deliver emergency management of stroke event.
Genome relationships and LTR-retrotransposon diversity in three cultivated Capsicum L. (Solanaceae) species
Authors: Assis Rafael de , Baba Viviane Yumi , Cintra Leonardo Adabo , Gonçalves Leandro Simões Azeredo , Rodrigues Rosana , Vanzela Andre 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Plant genomes are rich in repetitive sequences, and Transposable Elements (TE, mobile fraction) are the most accumulated of them. This mobile fraction can be divided into Class I (retrotransposons) and Class II (transposons). Retrotransposons that are transposed using an intermediated RNA and accumulate in a “copy-and-paste” way have been screened in three completely sequenced genomes of peppers (Solanaceae family). The goal of this study was to understand the genome relationships among Capsicum annuum , C. chinense and C. baccatum , based on a comparative analysis of function, diversity and the chromosome distribution of TE lineages in the Capsicum karyotypes. Due to the great commercial importance of pepper in natura , as a spice or as an ornamental plant, these genomes have been widely sequenced, and all the assemblies are available in the SolGenomics group. These sequences have been used to compare all repetitive fractions from a cytogenomic point of view.
Results: The qualification and quantification of LTR-RT families are contrasted with molecular cytogenetics data, and the results show a strong genome similarity between C. annuum and C. chinense , compared to C. baccatum . The Gypsy superfamily is more abundant than Copia , especially for Tekay/Del family members, including a high representation in C. annuum and C. chinense . On the other hand, C. baccatum accumulates more Athila/Tat sequences. The FISH results show retrotransposons differentially scattered along chromosomes, with the exception of CRM family sequences, which mainly have a proximal accumulation associated with heterochromatin bands.
Conclusions: The results confirm a close genomic relationship between C. annuum and C. chinense in comparison to C. baccatum, displaying only centromeric GC-rich bands associated with the accumulation of CRM elements, whereas terminal and subterminal AT- and GC-rich bands do not correspond to the accumulation of the retrotransposons in the three Capsicum species tested here.
Whole genome sequencing of Borrelia miyamotoi isolate Izh-4: reference for a complex bacterial genome
Authors: Kuleshov Konstantin V. , Margos Gabriele , Fingerle Volker , Koetsveld Joris , Goptar Irina A. , Markelov Mikhail L. , Kolyasnikova Nadezhda M. , Sarksyan Denis S. , Kirdyashkina Nina P. , Shipulin German A. , Hovius Joppe W. , Platonov Alexander E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background The genus Borrelia comprises spirochaetal bacteria maintained in natural transmission cycles by tick vectors and vertebrate reservoir hosts. The main groups are represented by a species complex including the causative agents of Lyme borreliosis and relapsing fever group Borrelia . Borrelia miyamotoi belongs to the relapsing-fever group of spirochetes and forms distinct populations in North America, Asia, and Europe. As all Borrelia species B. miyamotoi possess an unusual and complex genome consisting of a linear chromosome and a number of linear and circular plasmids. The species is considered a relatively new human pathogen and an increasing number of human cases are being described in the Northern hemisphere. The aim of this study was to produce a high quality reference genome that will facilitate future studies into genetic differences between different populations and the genome plasticity of B. miyamotoi . Results We used multiple available sequencing methods, including Pacific Bioscience single-molecule real-time technology (SMRT) and Oxford Nanopore technology (ONT) supplemented with highly accurate Illumina sequences, to explore the suitability for whole genome assembly of the Russian B. miyamotoi isolate, Izh-4. Plasmids were typed according to their potential plasmid partitioning genes (PF32, 49, 50, 57/62). Comparing and combining results of both long-read methods (SMRT and ONT), we determined that the genome of the Izh-4 consisted of one linear chromosome, 12 linear and two circular plasmids. Whilst the majority of plasmids had corresponding assembly fragments in the Asian B. miyamotoi isolate FR64b, there were only four that matched plasmids of the North American isolate CT13-2396, indicating differences between B. miyamotoi populations. Several plasmids, e.g. lp41, lp29, lp23, and lp24, were found to carry variable major proteins. Amongst those were variable large proteins (Vlp) subtype Vlp-α, Vlp-γ, Vlp-δ and also Vlp-β. Phylogenetic analysis of common plasmids types showed the uniqueness in Russian/Asian isolates of B. miyamotoi compared to other isolates. Conclusions We here describe the genome of a Russian B. miyamotoi clinical isolate, providing a solid basis for future comparative genomics of B. miyamotoi isolates. This will be a great impetus for further basic, molecular and epidemiological research on this emerging tick-borne pathogen.
Structural Cohesion: Visualization and Heuristics for Fast Computation
Authors: Torrents Jordi , Ferraro Fabrizio 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The structural cohesion model is a powerful theoretical conception of cohesion in social groups, but its diffusion in empirical literature has been hampered by operationalization and computational problems. In this paper, we start from the classic definition of structural cohesion as the minimum number of actors who need to be removed in a network in order to disconnect it, and extend it by using average node connectivity as a finer grained measure of cohesion. We present useful heuristics for computing structural cohesion that allow a speed-up of one order of magnitude over the algorithms currently available. We analyze three large collaboration networks (co-maintenance of Debian packages, co-authorship in Nuclear Theory and High-Energy Theory) and show how our approach can help researchers measure structural cohesion in relatively large networks. We also introduce a novel graphical representation of the structural cohesion analysis to quickly spot differences across networks.
Investigation into untreated greywater reuse practices by suburban households under the threat of intermittent water supply
Authors: Nel N. , Jacobs H. E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Untreated greywater reuse at the household level is an accessible water source to supplement non-potable water requirements in times of emergency water curtailments but poses various risks to the consumer, the wider community, infrastructure and the environment. Little information is known about unregulated, untreated greywater reuse practices under emergency conditions in suburban communities where consumers have become accustomed to reliable potable water supplied via a pressurised, piped distribution system. There is a lack of knowledge regarding the sources of greywater used, collection methods, storage and distribution of greywater, the application points, the level of treatment (if any) and the perceived risks associated with the greywater reuse. The City of Cape Town was selected as a case study site for research into greywater reuse under the threat of ‘Day Zero’ and stringent water restrictions, implemented during the 2017/2018 summer season. A consumer survey and analysis of relevant online forums was conducted in order to obtain the necessary information. Greywater reuse practices from a sample group of 351 consumers were identified and classified. Untreated greywater reuse was found to be common, mainly for garden irrigation and toilet flushing. The results point to high-risk activities in the study group.
Green Synthesis of 4H-pyran Derivatives Using Fe3O4-MNPs as Efficient Nanocatalyst: Study of Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Shafaei Faezeh , Najar Asef H. 
Published: October 2019

Aims & Objective:In this work, pyran derivatives were synthesized via a multicomponent reaction of ninhydrin, α-haloketones, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate, and triphenylphosphine in the presence of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4-MNPs) as efficient nanocatalyst in ethanol at room temperature.Materials & Methods:The biosynthesis of Fe3O4-MNPs was performed by Clover Leaf water extract. In addition, antioxidant activity was examined for the prepared compounds employing DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reduction activity potential (FRAP) experiment and comparing results with synthetic antioxidants (TBHQ and BHT).Results:Compound 5b showed excellent radical trapping activity and good reducing activity relative to standards (BHT and TBHQ).Conclusion:Some advantages of this procedure are: the workup of reaction is easy and the products can be separated easily by filtration. Fe3O4-MNPs display a good improvement in the yield of the product and showed significant reusable activity.
Benefits and Limits of Antiretroviral Drug Monitoring in Routine Practice
Authors: Maitre Thomas , Muret Patrice , Blot Mathieu , Waldner Anne , Duong Michel , SI-Mohammed Ali , Chavanet Pascal , Aho Serge , Piroth Lionel 
Published: October 2019

Background:
HIV infection is a chronic disease for which therapeutic adherence and tolerance
require particular attention.

Objective:
This study aimed to assess whether and when therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could
be associated with a benefit in routine practice.

Methods:
All HIV-infected patients who underwent at least one TDM at the University Hospital of
Dijon (France) between 1st January 2009 and 31st December 2012 were retrospectively included.
Compliance with the recommendations, the results (antiretroviral concentrations), any subsequent
therapeutic modifications, and the virological results at 4-8 months were analysed each time TDM
was performed. TDM was defined as “practically relevant” when low or high antiretroviral concentrations
led to a change in therapy.

Results:
Of the 571 patients who followed-up, 43.4% underwent TDM. TDM complying with recommendations
(120 patients) was associated with a higher proportion of antiretroviral concentrations
outside the therapeutic range (p=0.03). Antiretroviral treatment was modified after TDM in
22.6% of patients. Protease inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and raltegravir
were more significantly modified when the measured concentration was outside the therapeutic
range (p=0.008, p=0.05 and p=0.02, respectively). Overall, 11.7% of TDM was considered “practically
relevant”, though there was no significant correlation between subsequent changes in antiretroviral
treatment and undetectable final HIV viral load.

Conclusions:
TDM may be a useful tool in the management of HIV infection in specific situations,
but the overall benefit seems moderate in routine practice. TDM cannot be systematic and/or a decision
tool per se, but should be included in a comprehensive approach in certain clinical situations.
Hysteroscopy in the Clinic: Application of Clinical Pathway
Authors: Domínguez María Dolores Lara , González Carlota García-Salmones , Bermejo Elena Mantrana , Fernández Virginia Caballero , López María Rosa Oña 
Published: October 2019

Background::A retrospective study that analysed data for three consecutive years from the Hysteroscopy Clinic at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Valme University Hospital.Objective::To analyse the data of lesions removed in the hysteroscopy clinic in comparison with those scheduled for the operating room to show that hysteroscopy could be a more effective procedure.Method::Patients undergoing operative hysteroscopy for various indications were included. The 5 mm Bettocchi hysteroscopes and the 5.8 mm Palex Mini-Resectoscope were used.Results::A total of 1233 patients were seen in the hysteroscopy clinic between 2015 and 2017. In 2015, 344 hysteroscopies were performed, of which 57 (16.5%) were performed in the operating room. In 2016, 445 hysteroscopies were performed and 46 (10.3%) were scheduled in the operating room. During 2017, a total of 444 hysteroscopies were performed, of which only 6 (1.3%) were performed in the operating room (P < 0.001). Five large fibroids and one case of complex polyp were removed in the operating room in 2017. The mini-resector was used in 202 cases (45.4%). Paracervical local anaesthesia was given to 383 (86.2%) patients.Conclusion::The data obtained in our study shows a significant reduction in the number of hysteroscopies scheduled for surgery in 2017 (1.3%) and, therefore, hysteroscopy has been shown to be a more effective procedure. This trend may be due to the introduction of the mini-resectoscope and the use of paracervical local anaesthesia.
Early Detection of Life-threatening Cardiac Arrhythmias Using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: S. Sumathi , V. Agalya 
Published: October 2019

Introduction:
A progressive and flourishing technological advancement occurs across
the communities working on a domain that needs clinical training and Technology Transfer. There
is an essentiality for the evolution of advanced concepts in the Classification of healthcare, particularly
in relation to arrhythmia detection towards clinical operations. Being the forerunner among
the emerging areas in science and technology, this field demands an extensive practical and verification
research. These innovative technological progress has significantly contributed to highquality,
on-time, acceptable and affordable healthcare.

Materials and Methods:
This paper approaches a novel method of Detecting and classifying the cardiac
arrhythmias using deep learning model for classification of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals.
This method is based on using Cubic Wavelet Transform for analyzing the ECG signals and extracting
the parameters related to dangerous cardiac arrhythmias.

Results and Discussion:
In these parameters are used as input to these classifier, five most important
types of ECG signals they are Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR), Atrial Fibrillation (AF), Pre-
Ventricular Contraction (PVC), Ventricular Fibrillation (VF), and Ventricular Flutter (VFLU). By
using the deep learning algorithm to recognition and classification capabilities across a broad area
of biomedical engineering. The performance of the deep learning model was evaluated in terms of
training performance and classification accuracies. The classification accuracy of 99.24% is
achieved. Good accuracy of ECG patterns is achievable only over a large number of files.

Conclusion:
These difficulties have necessitated us to develop a new detection scheme, which
gives a high level of accuracy, low false positive and low false-negative statistics.
AdipoRon: A Novel Insulin Sensitizer in Various Complications and the Underlying Mechanisms: A Review
Authors: Bhat Ishfaq Ahmad , Kabeer Shaheen Wasil , Reza Mohammad Irshad , Mir Reyaz Hassan , Dar Muhammad Ovais 
Published: October 2019

Background:AdipoRon is the first synthetic analog of endogenous adiponectin, an adipose tissue-derived hormone. AdipoRon possesses pharmacological properties similar to adiponectin and its ability to bind and activate the adipoR1 and adipoR2 receptors makes it a suitable candidate for the treatment of a multitude of disorders.Objective:In the present review, an attempt was made to compile and discuss the efficacy of adipoRon against various disorders.Results:AdipoRon is a drug that acts not only in metabolic diseases but in other conditions unrelated to energy metabolism. It is well- reported that adipoRon exhibits strong anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anticancer, anti-depressant, anti-ischemic, anti-hypertrophic properties and also improves conditions like post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and systemic sclerosis.Conclusion:A lot is known about its effects in experimental systems, but the translation of this knowledge to the clinic requires studies which, for many of the potential target conditions, have yet to be carried out. The beneficial effects of AdipoRon in novel clinical conditions will suggest an underlying pathophysiological role of adiponectin and its receptors in previously unsuspected settings.