bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
δ13C values of soil organic carbon and their responses to C3 and C4 plants shift in Mengzi karst graben basin, SW China
Authors: Yang Hui , Zhu Tongbin , Garousi Farzaneh , Li Qiang , Cao Jianhua 
Published: October 2020

Understanding the controlling factors of soil organic carbon isotope (δ13CSOC) change and the vegetation succession process is crucial to guide ecological restoration and agricultural cultivation in karst rocky desertification region. However, the information about the combination of C3 and C4 plant distribution and rocky desertification remains unknown. Soils from different landforms, including basin, slope, and plateau, were sampled to investigate the spatial variance of the δ13CSOC distribution characteristics. The contribution of C3 and C4 plant species for δ13CSOC under the different rocky desertification grades (LRD: light rocky desertification; MRD: moderate rocky desertification; and SRD: severe rocky desertification) in Mengzi karst graben basin of Southwest (SW) China was also discussed. The δ13CSOC value decreased with the increase of altitude from basin, slope to plateau. At the same landform, different rocky desertification grades had no significant effect on the δ13CSOC in slope and plateau. Nevertheless, there were significant differences of δ13CSOC C between LRD and SRD in the basin. The C4 plants account for more than 70% in the basin and slope, while C3 plants account for more than 70% in the plateau. This may be due to the long-term cultivation of corn in the historical period in the basin and slope. However, the plateau area is not suitable for the growth of C4 plants such as corn due to the cold climate. In addition, in the same landform, with the aggravation of rocky desertification, the proportion of C4 plants for δ13CSOC increased with the proportion of C3 plants decreased. With the aggravation of rocky desertification, the composition of vegetation species changed from arbour (C3 plants) to small shrubs and herbs (C4 plants).
2. Empire antique, empire contemporain : l’Afrique du nord
Authors: Dondin-Payre Monique 
Published: October 2020

Depuis le xixe s. le mot « empire » renvoie essentiellement en histoire aux empires coloniaux, mais il fallut attendre la fin des empires coloniaux européens pour que la notion soit associée à celle de l’empire romain dans les travaux historiographiques. L’installation de l’Italie en Libye à partir de 1911, précédée d’une implantation archéologique, manifestait la cohésion et la puissance d’un pays unifié depuis un demi-siècle seulement, superposant exactement un empire européen à l’empire romain. Ce schéma, qui s’est banalisé, était déjà celui qui, presque un siècle avant, avait structuré la présence française en Afrique du nord, permettant de justifier la conquête par la coïncidence entre empires antique et contemporain, motivant comme agents de la recherche archéologique l’armée, l’église et l’administration, qui avaient le sentiment de réimplanter la civilisation classique et la religion chrétienne dans les terres d’où elles avaient été injustement chassées. Partout, l’archéologie est instrumentalisée pour défendre l’empire colonial, elle légitime l’appropriation physique des vestiges antiques par le colonisateur, et est structurée par ce lien entre empire romain et empire colonial.
4. Le princeps et le bon roi selon Homère
Authors: Gangloff Anne 
Published: October 2020

Puisque les poèmes d’Homère font l’objet d’une lecture politique dans la tradition grecque et qu’ils sont intégrés dans la culture romaine à partir du iie siècle avant J.-C., cette étude s’interroge sur les liens entre les figures du roi homérique (en particulier celles qui sont tirées de l’Iliade) et l’image du princeps. L’enjeu est d’examiner comment l’idéologie homérique, malléable, a été utilisée pour définir une nouvelle image des principes, par qui – hommes politiques romains ou conseillers grecs –, et pour quelles raisons on y a recouru. Cette recherche concerne les périodes durant lesquelles le régime de Rome est l’objet de réflexions politiques, depuis la seconde moitié du ier siècle avant J.-C. jusqu’à la fin du ier siècle après J.-C. ; elle part du traité Sur le bon roi selon Homère de Philodème de Gadara, dont l’interprétation est actuellement débattue, pour aboutir au deuxième discours Sur la royauté de Dion de Pruse.
11. Pouvoir, patronage et évergétisme à Chypre
Authors: Kantiréa Maria 
Published: October 2020

Les interventions impériales, notamment d’’Auguste, de Tibère, des Flaviens, de Trajan et d’Hadrien, dans la province publique de Chypre résultaient de plusieurs facteurs relevant du pouvoir du prince, de l’image de bienfaiteur et de bâtisseur qu’il voulait se donner et de ses rapports avec les dieux et les cités. Financées par les empereurs ou par les autorités locales, les constructions édilitaires étaient supervisées par des proconsuls de Chypre et visaient à la romanisation de la province. Toutefois, bien que les provinciaux aient connu les modalités du patronage depuis 56 av. J.-C., ils ne semblent pas avoir établi de relations clientélaires avec les représentants de Rome. C’étaient surtout les notables locaux, dont le rôle sur le plan politique fut renforcé depuis la fondation du principat, qui s’étaient engagés dans le domaine de l’évergétisme et du culte impérial, contribuant ainsi à l’intégration « culturelle » de Chypre dans l’empire romain et assurant le loyalisme des provinciaux envers les institutions de Rome.
21. Onomastique et société dans le monde romain
Authors: Raepsaet-Charlier Marie-Thérèse 
Published: October 2020

Dans le monde romain, d’une part, la structure de la nomenclature reflète strictement le statut des personnes et, d’autre part, les dénominations des élites sont conditionnées par les appartenances familiales et les alliances ; dès lors, l’examen des noms de personne permet d’étudier différents aspects de l’histoire sociale. L’accent a été mis d’abord sur la prosopographie équestre et sénatoriale d’après quelques généalogies bien documentées ; ensuite, l’étude porte sur les phénomènes d’acculturation selon l’histoire des cités, dans le cadre de la répartition des citoyens et des pérégrins en Narbonnaise, Gaule Belgique et Germanie inférieure, puis dans celui de l’identité religieuse des dévots de Mars et de Mercure en Germanie supérieure.
Les historiens et le mythe de Versailles en Europe, des années 1960 à nos jours
Authors: Leroux Flavie 
Published: October 2020

« Le rayonnement de Versailles », dans l’Europe voire dans le monde, a longtemps été considéré comme acquis dans l’historiographie. Cette idée est étayée par les travaux des historiens, notamment français (Louis Réau, au premier chef), et relayée par plusieurs de leurs homologues à l’étranger, jusqu’au milieu, au moins, du xxe siècle. Elle participe à ériger Versailles en modèle pour les autres cours d’Europe et, ce faisant, contribue à sa mythification. L’enjeu de cet article est de revenir sur cette construction idéelle et scientifique : dans quelle mesure l’historiographie s’est-elle appuyée sur une idée fantasmée de Versailles et, inversement, comment a-t-elle contribué à l’entretenir ? Il s’agit également de restituer les évolutions de ce paradigme, en particulier ses remises en cause, afin de saisir comment les historiens l’ont progressivement disqualifié. Des premières critiques empiriques des années 1960-1970 à l’histoire des représentations, en passant par les transferts culturels et les Court Studies, retour sur plus d’un demi-siècle de réflexion scientifique pour mieux éclairer la recherche présente et à venir.
Clinical profile & long-term natural history of symptomatic coronary artery disease in young patients (<30 yr)
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Arun , Sivadasanpillai Harikrishnan , Ganapathi Sanjay , Mohanan Nair Krishna Kumar , Sivasubramonian Sivasankaran , Valaparambil Ajitkumar 
Published: October 2020

Background & objectives:
Several studies have shown a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients in the age group of 30-74 yr, but there is a paucity of data in young patients below 30 yr. We analyzed the clinical and coronary angiographic profile of patients <30 yr of age with symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD) and also assessed their intermediate and long-term outcomes.

Methods:
All patients less than 30 yr of age who presented with symptomatic CAD from 1978 to 2017 in the department of Cardiology of a tertiary care hospital in south India, were studied for coronary risk factors and angiographic and treatment patterns, and the follow up data were collected.

Results:
The mean age of the 159 patients <30 yr of age was 26.7±3.29 yr. Male preponderance was observed (91.8%), 63.5 per cent patients were smokers and 88.3 per cent were dyslipidaemic. Acute myocardial infarction was the most common mode of presentation. Forty one per cent patients were non-adherent to medications. Risk factor control was inadequate with respect to smoking cessation, alcoholism, physical activity and dietary regulation. The predictors of long-term mortality were multivessel CAD [hazard ratio (HR): 1.927, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.003-3.701] and reduction in ejection fraction (EF) (10% decrease in EF; HR: 1.349, 95% CI: 1.096-1.662). Overall mortality was 30 per cent at 10 yr and 48 per cent at 20 yr.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Decreasing EF and multivessel involvement were found to be the strong correlates for long-term mortality in young patients below 30 yr of age with CAD. High long-term mortality rates and poor risk factor control suggest the vast scope for the improvement of outcomes in these patients with aggressive risk factor control.
Study of fine-needle aspiration microbiology versus wound swab for bacterial isolation in diabetic foot infections
Authors: Abdulbasith K.M. , Bhaskar Maanasa M. , Munisamy Malathi , Nagarajan Raj Kumar 
Published: October 2020

Background & objectives:
Proper identification of the infection causing microbe in diabetic foot infections (DFIs) is essential for starting appropriate treatment. The objectives of this study were to compare fine-needle aspiration microbiology (FNAM) with wound swab as methods of sample collection in isolating microorganisms causing DFIs and also to compare the microbiological profile and sensitivity pattern of the infecting organisms.

Methods:
This study was conducted targeting all consecutive patients with DFIs with perfusion, extent, depth, infection and sensation (PEDIS) grade 2, 3, and 4 infections admitted in the department of Surgery of a tertiary care hospital in south India during July to August 2017. A superficial wound swab and an FNAM were collected from all the patients. These swabs are analyzed using standard microbiological techniques.

Results:
Eighty patients with DFI were included. Bacterial culture using FNAM samples yielded growth in 58.75 per cent samples, whereas wound swab samples yielded growth in 93.8 per cent cultures done. Measure of agreement between the two techniques using Kappa statistics was 0.069 (P=0.28).

Interpretation & conclusions:
In diabetic wound infections, wound swabs were sufficient to identify organisms in all grades of infection. However, in deeper infections (grade 3 and 4), FNAM would be a reliable investigation than wound swab.
Quality of anticoagulation with warfarin in rural Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Chebrolu Puja , Patil Sushil , Laux Timothy S. , Al-Hammadi Noor , Jain Yogesh , Gage Brian 
Published: October 2020

Background & objectives:
In most of rural India, warfarin is the only oral anticoagulant available. Among patients taking warfarin, there is a strong association between poor control of the international normalized ratio (INR) and adverse events. This study was aimed to quantify INR control in a secondary healthcare system in rural Chhattisgarh, India.

Methods:
The INR data were retrospectively obtained from all patients taking warfarin during 2014-2016 at a secondary healthcare system in rural Chhattisgarh, India. Patients attending the clinic had their INR checked at the hospital laboratory and their warfarin dose adjusted by a physician on the same day. The time in therapeutic range (TTR) was calculated for patients who had at least two INR visits.

Results:
The 249 patients had 2839 INR visits. Their median age was 46 yr, and the median body mass index was 17.7 kg/m2. They lived a median distance of 78 km (2-3 h of travel) from the hospital. The median INR was 1.7 for a target INR of 2.0-3.0 (n=221) and 2.1 for a target of 2.5-3.5 (n=28). The median TTR was 13.0 per cent, and INR was subtherapeutic 66.0 per cent of the time. Distance from the hospital was not correlated with TTR.

Interpretation & conclusions:
INR values were subtherapeutic two-thirds of the time, and TTR values were poor regardless of distance from the health centre. Future studies should be done to identify interventions to improve INR control.
Risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among urban slum population using Indian Diabetes Risk Score
Authors: Nittoori Sreeja , Wilson Vidhya 
Published: October 2020

Background and objectives:
Diabetes has emerged as a major health challenge in India due to a rapid rise in the number of diabetes cases. Early identification of high risk individuals through screening and early interventions in the form of lifestyle modifications and treatment would help in the prevention of diabetes and its complications. This study was done to assess the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in an urban slum population using the Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) and to determine the factors associated with high risk score.

Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the urban slum population in North Telangana, India. A total of 136 study participants were selected randomly from the records. A pre-designed and pre-tested structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Assessment of risk of T2DM was done using the IDRS.

Results:
Of the 136 study participants, 101 (74.3%) were at high risk (IDRS ≥60) followed by 32 (23.5%) at moderate risk (IDRS 30-50) and three (2.2%) at low risk (IDRS <30). Sixty two (92.5%) individuals in the age group ≥50 yr were at high risk compared to 34 (63%) in 35-49 yr age group. Most (n=35, 87.5%) of sedentary workers were at high risk compared to those employed in moderate (n=52, 75.4%) and strenuous work (n=14, 51.9%).

Interpretation & conclusions:
Nearly three-fourth (74.3%) of the study participants were at a high risk of developing T2DM. Age, type of occupation, abdominal obesity, general obesity and high blood pressure were the factors significantly associated with high risk IDRS score.
Immunological markers for identifying recent HIV infection in North-West India
Authors: Chauhan Chandar Kanta , Lakshmi P.V.M. , Sagar Vivek , Sharma Aman , Arora Sunil K. , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: October 2020

Background & objectives:
Being more efficient and widely used, limiting antigen (LAg)-avidity enzyme immunoassay (EIA) based on the recent infection testing algorithm (RITA) has been developed for differentiating recent and established HIV-1 infection. So far, LAg-avidity EIA has not been validated among the Indian population. Hence, the present study was planned to identify recent HIV infections in high risk patients in the North-West region of India using modified LAg-avidity RITA.

Methods:
Four hundred HIV-positive high risk patients registered on pre-antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme in the last one year, from five ART centres in North-Western States of India, were included for identifying the recent HIV infections. One hundred HIV-positive cases registered for pre-ART for greater than two years in ART centres were included for estimating false recent rate (FRR). Single-well LAg-avidity EIA-based modified RITA was used to identify recent HIV infection cases.

Results:
Of the 400 HIV-1-positive samples, 64 (16%) were found to have been infected within the past 130 days. The proportion of recent HIV infections was 16.8 per cent (18/107) among female sex workers, 10.7 per cent (9/84) among men who have sex with men and 17.7 per cent (37/209) among injecting drug users. The FRR was one per cent (1/100).

Interpretation & conclusions:
LAg-avidity EIA-based modified RITA provided good discrimination between recent and non-recent HIV infection, hence, it could be considered suitable for estimating HIV incidence in sentinel surveillance system in India.
Prevalence of red blood cell antibodies in whole blood donors
Authors: Solanki Archana , Chandra Tulika , Singh Ashutosh 
Published: October 2020

Background & objectives:
Blood transfusion therapy involves multiple steps to ensure selection of safe blood component for transfusion. This includes testing for infectious markers, full ABO compatibility, free from any clinically significant red cell antibodies and acceptable donor's red cell survival rates without destruction of recipient's red cells. The red cell antibodies present in healthy blood donors can cause severe haemolytic transfusion reaction, especially in massive blood transfusion recipients and paediatric patients. Hence, screening of red cell antibodies in donor blood is important to provide compatible blood products and to avoid haemolytic transfusion reactions in susceptible patient population. This study was planned to assess prevalence, aetiology and type of unexpected red cell antibodies in a large number of whole blood donor population in north India.

Methods:
This three-year prospective observational study included blood donor samples for antibody screening from January 2015 to December 2017. A total of 166,803 healthy blood donors including 156,128 (93.6%) males and 10,675 (6.4%) females were screened.

Results:
The prevalence of red cell antibodies was 0.17 per cent in our donor population. Of the total 286 donors with red cell antibodies, 248 (86.7%) had alloantibodies, 30 (10.5%) had autoantibodies and eight donors (2.8%) showed positive antibody screening with inconclusive results.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Alloimmunization to red cell antigens is a challenging task for current transfusion practices. The antibody screening in blood donors may improve the quality and safety of blood transfusion in the recipients. It also reduces the risk of complications from incompatible blood transfusions.
Effect of zinc supplementation on relative expression of immune response genes in neonates with sepsis
Authors: Banupriya Newton , Bhat Ballambattu Vishnu , Vickneshwaran Vinayagam , Sridhar Magadi Gopalakrishna 
Published: October 2020

Background & objectives:
Zinc alters gene expression mainly by binding to a site on the transcription factor. Genome-wide expression studies have shown early repression of genes related to zinc and immunity in adult patients with sepsis. The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of zinc supplementation on relative expression of immune response genes in neonatal sepsis.

Methods:
In the present study, a sample of convenience of 22 neonates each was selected from the zinc supplemented and control groups using random numbers for expression of immune-related genes by zinc supplementation. These neonates with sepsis were earlier randomized into two groups: with and without zinc supplementation in addition to standard antibiotics and supportive care. Relative expression of immune response genes were analyzed for 22 neonates in each group using quantitative real-time PCR for calprotectin (S100A8/A9), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) genes.

Results:
An increase in serum zinc levels was observed in zinc-supplemented group compared to controls. S100A8 gene showed downregulation by three-fold (P<0.001) and S100A9 gene showed upregulation by two-fold (P<0.05) in zinc group compared to controls. CD14 gene showed upregulation by one-fold in zinc-supplemented group compared to controls (P<0.05). No significant fold changes were observed with respect to TNF-α, IL-6, LBP and TLR-4 genes between the two groups.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The results of our preliminary study showed that the zinc supplementation might modulates the relative expression of immune-related genes involved in sepsis pathway among neonates. However, studies with larger sample size are needed to be done to provide a better picture on the outcome by gene expression in neonatal sepsis by zinc supplementation.
Evaluation of multiparametric flow cytometry in diagnosis & prognosis of myelodysplastic syndrome in India
Authors: Dhingra Gaurav , Dass Jasmita , Arya Vandana , Gupta Nitin , Saraf Amrita , Langer Sabina , Aggarwal Shyam , Kotwal Jyoti , Bhargava Manorama 
Published: October 2020

Background & objectives:
Diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is subjective in low-grade cases with <5 per cent blasts or <15 per cent ring sideroblasts. Flow cytometry (FCM) has been used to diagnose MDS; but, it still has only an adjunctive role. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of FCM to diagnose MDS and correlate the number of aberrancies with revised international prognostic scoring system (R-IPSS).

Methods:
This study included 44 consecutive clinically suspected cases of MDS with refractory cytopenia(s) and 10 controls. Patients were divided into two groups: (i) proven MDS cases (n=26), and (ii) suspected MDS (n=18). Ogata quantitative approach, pattern analysis and aberrant antigen expression were studied.

Results:
Ogata score ≥2 correctly diagnosed 80.7 per cent (21/26) while aberrant antigen and pattern analysis with flow score of ≥3 could diagnose 92.3 per cent (24/26) patients with proven MDS. Combination of both with flow score ≥3 could diagnose 100 per cent patients. Eight patients in suspected MDS group with persistent cytopenia on follow up were labelled as probable MDS. Ogata score ≥2 was present in 5 of 8 and pattern analysis score ≥3 was present in six probable MDS patients. Combination of both with flow score ≥3 was present in seven of eight patients. Spearman's correlation between Ogata score and R-IPSS, pattern analysis and R-IPSS and combination of both scores and R-IPSS showed significant positive correlation in proven MDS as well as when proven and probable MDS patients were combined.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our results showed that combined Ogata approach and pattern analysis, demonstration of ≥3 aberrancies in >1 cell compartment could diagnose most MDS patients. Patients with high flow scores had high R-IPSS scores. Patient with flow score ≥3 and borderline cytomorphology should be observed closely for the development of MDS.
Activități Forestiere Ilegale și Părți Interesate. Două concepte utile pentru reconstrucția unei politici publice de contracarare a fenomenului „tăierilor ilegale”
Authors: Bălăcescu Cristian 
Published: October 2020

Concentrată pe fenomenul exploatărilor ilegale de pădure din România, cercetarea actuală se ancorează în disciplina politicilor publice, dorind să intervină în procesul de re-definire a problemei. Ambele obiective ale studiului sunt legate de această etapă a ciclului: A. identificarea activităților forestiere ilegale (conținutul problemei) și B. identificarea și verificarea părților interesate ambele elemente fiind specifice României. Ca metodologii au fost utilizate analiza documentară, analiza conținutului și tehnica interviului (pentru A) și tehnica „snow-ball” aplicată unui eșantion media on-line (pentru B). Pentru etapa de analiză a stakeholderilor a fost propus un model nou, „Tipologia Rolului Propus în Proiect” (TRPP) care permite celui care formulează politica publică să apropie rolurile stakeholderilor de cele mai importante caracteristici ale acestora: puterea și interesele, aspect esențial în cadrul fazei de implementare a măsurilor. În secundar au fost notate anumite limite ale PNCTIA, considerată prima (și singura) propunere de politici publice dezvoltată de autoritatea forestieră centrală.