bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
تأسيس البنية التحتية في أبوظبي خلال الفترة من 1960- 1970م
Authors: الفارس محمد 
Published: May 2020

شهدت فترة الستينيات من القرن العشرين مولد "أبوظبي الحديثة". فبعد اكتشاف النفط في الإمارة عام 1958م وتصدير أول شحنة عام 1962م، تغير وجه الحياة جذريًّا في أبوظبي التي تحولت في فترة الستينيات من إمارة محدودة الموارد وغير معروفة للأغلبية العظمى من الناس في الوطن العربي، إلى واحدة من أسرع المدن نموًا وأكثرها استقطابًا للقوى العاملة بجميع فئاتها من مختلف دول العالم. وفي حين سارت التنمية في الإمارة بشكل بطيء في السنوات الأولى من الستينيات بسبب عوائد النفط القليلة وظروف الهيمنة البريطانية وعوامل أخرى، بدأت الإمارة منذ تولي الشيخ زايد مقاليد الحكم عام 1966م تشهد قفزة كبيرة في المشاريع وخاصة مشاريع البنية التحتية؛ إذ بدأت مشاريع المياه والكهرباء والطرق والهواتف وغيرها تسير بخطى سريعة جنبًا إلى جنب مع تأسيس الدوائر والمؤسسات والمصارف والمطار والميناء وغيرها. وفي أواخر عام 1970 كانت أبوظبي قد أكملت معظم مشاريع بنيتها التحتية.
هذه الدراسة تتناول تطور أبوظبي منذ فترة ما قبل النفط، ثم اكتشاف النفط وبدء المشاريع منذ عام 1960م.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN STAD DAN NHT TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS X-1 DAN X-2 AKUTANSI
Authors: Ardillah Silfi 
Published: May 2020

This research was motivated by a change of the curriculum from the curriculum KTSP is changed into the 2013 curriculum which aims to make the 2013 curriculum students productive, innovative and effective. In order for a teacher-centered learning into an interactive learning. Therefore, the necessary learning model that can support the passage of the curriculum in 2013 that STAD cooperative learning model and cooperative learning model NHT.Formulation of the problem in this research is "Are there any differences in mathematics learning outcomes matrix material between students taught using cooperative learning model Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) and cooperative learning model Numbered Heads Together (NHT) in class X AK of SMK Mahardika Surabaya ? ". The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in the mathematics learning outcomes matrix material between students taught using cooperative learning model Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) and cooperative learning model Numbered Heads Together (NHT) in class X AK SMK Mahardika Surabaya?.The population in this study were all students of class X AK SMK Mahardika Surabaya. While the sample is composed of two classes, namely class X AK AK AK-1 and X-2. Data was collected by providing a subjective test on the subject of the matrix given to both classes.From the data analysis calculated that t_hit > t_tabel of 4.2> 1.99125 and the average value of students who use cooperative learning model STAD is greater than the average value of students who use cooperative learning model NHT. So it can be concluded that there are differences in mathematics learning outcomes in the matrix material between students taught using cooperative learning model Student Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD) and cooperative learning model Numbered Heads Together (NHT) in class X AK SMK of Mahardika Surabaya.
Keywords: Model STAD cooperative learning, cooperative learning model NHT, student learning outcomes.
Biological Control of Charcoal Rot Disease Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina) Tassi) Goid on Cowpea and Mung Bean by Some Isolates of Streptomyces spp.
Authors: Jaber Mohammad A. , Fayyadh Mohammed A. 
Published: May 2020

Thirty-nine isolates of Actinomycetes were isolated from different sources such as rhizosphere and plant roots of Alfalfa, Clovers, cowpea, Mung bean, sorghum and date palms. Biochemical tests showed that all isolates were gram positive and capable of producing amylase, catalase and gelatinase enzymes. The isolates showed a positive test for gram staining. The isolates were capable of producing the enzymes of amylase, catalase and gelatinase. Dual culture technique showed that Streptomyces griseorubens, S. tendae 6, S. tendae2, S. tendae 5, S. parvulus and S. tendae 6 had high antagonistic activity against Macrophomina phaseolina as a zone of inhibition reached 15, 14, 13, 15, 14 and 12mm, respectively. Molecular identification revealed that actinomycetes isolate No 15, 23, 24 and 30 isolated from rhizosphere of Clovers, Sorghum, Alfalfa, Mung bean had 99% similarity with S. tendae while Actinomycetes No 38 isolated from rhizosphere of Cowpea had 99% similarity with S. grseorubens .and isolate No 27 isolated from date palms had 99% similarity with S.parvulus. all isolate were deposited at NCBI with GenBank accession number LC499602.1, LC499603.1, LC499606.1, LC499607.1, LC499604.1, LC499605.1. The isolate of S. griseorubens showed high efficacy in reducing disease. Which was 10.1% compared with 49.5% in control treatment on cowpea. 22.0% in mung bean compared to 43.4% in control treatment. In the field experiment, the results showed that soil treated with Actinomycetes isolates led to an increase in the percentage of seed germination and reduced the percentage of fungus infection. S. griseorubens reduced the percentage of infection to 11.54% compared to 32.33% in control treatment.
Effect of Human Disturbances on Mahungu Green Belt Forest Reserve (MGFR) in Dodoma City, Central Tanzania
Authors: Kayombo Canisius John , Rubanza Chrispinus D. K. , Giliba Richard A 
Published: May 2020

Human disturbances are the human activities, whether legally or illegally conducted in an ecosystem as they may lead to removal or death of plants. The study was piloted at Mahungu Green Belt Forest Reserve (MGFR) in 2015 to examine the effect of human disturbances. Systematic random sampling was applied. A total of 36 plots of 50 m x 50 m were established in the seven transects at an interval of 400 m. Ongoing human activities were identified and recorded. GPS was applied to locate plots, aligning transects and recording coordinates. The compass was used to direct the transect. 100 m tape was used to measure the plots. Inferential statistics was applied whereby human activities frequency and relative frequency were calculated. The identified and recorded most frequently occurred human activities were firewood collection, charcoal making, grazing and trespass routes. MGFR is potential in terms of biological diversity; it is recommended that; introduction ecotourism as and environmentally friendly projects; determination of all plant species of MGFR; education campaigns by Dodoma Universities; encourage woodlot development at household level; awareness creation; provision of environmental conservation education; enhance non-woody income-generating projects; discourage settlement expansion into the remaining forest patch; funds should be made available throughout to ensure regular patrols by field security guides, and enhance alternative sources of energy to the local people
Toward an Accurate Description of an Accretion-induced Collapse and the Associated Ejected Mass
Authors: Sharon Amir , Kushnir Doron 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We revisit the accretion-induced collapse (AIC) process, in which a white dwarf collapses into a neutron star. We are motivated by the persistent radio source associated with the fast radio burst FRB 121102, which was explained by Waxman as a weak stellar explosion with a small (∼10−5
M
⊙) mildly relativistic mass ejection that may be consistent with AIC. Additionally, the interaction of the relatively low ejected mass with a pre-collapse wind might be related to fast optical transients. The AIC is simulated with a one-dimensional, Lagrangian, Newtonian hydrodynamic code. We put an emphasis on accurately treating the equation of state and the nuclear burning, which is required for any study that attempts to accurately simulate AIC. We leave subjects such as neutrino physics and general relativity corrections for future work. Using an existing initial profile and our own initial profiles, we find that the ejected mass is ∼10−2 to 10−1
M
⊙ over a wide range of parameters, and we construct a simple model to explain our results.
A Tip of the Red Giant Branch Distance to the Dark Matter Deficient Galaxy NGC 1052-DF4 from Deep Hubble Space Telescope Data
Authors: Danieli Shany , van Dokkum Pieter , Abraham Roberto , Conroy Charlie , Dolphin Andrew E. , Romanowsky Aaron J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the large, diffuse galaxies NGC 1052-DF2 and NGC 1052-DF4 both have populations of unusually luminous globular clusters as well as a very low dark matter content. Here we present newly obtained deep Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys imaging of one of these galaxies, NGC 1052-DF4. We use these data to measure the distance of the galaxy from the location of the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB). We find a rapid increase in the number of detected stars fainter than m
F814W ∼ 27.3, which we identify as the onset of the red giant branch. Using a forward modeling approach that takes the photometric uncertainties into account, we find a TRGB magnitude of

. The inferred distance, including the uncertainty in the absolute calibration, is D
TRGB = 20.0 ± 1.6 Mpc. The TRGB distance of NGC 1052-DF4 is consistent with the previously determined surface brightness fluctuation distance of D
SBF = 18.7 ± 1.7 Mpc to NGC 1052-DF2 and is consistent with the distance of the bright elliptical galaxy NGC 1052. We conclude that the unusual properties of these galaxies cannot be explained by distance errors.
Foresight Workshop on Advances in Ocean Biological Observations: a sustained system for deep-ocean meroplankton
Authors: Cunha Marina , Génio Luciana , Pradillon Florence , Clavel Henry Morane , Beaulieu Stace , Birch James , Campuzano Francisco , Carretón Marta , De Leo Fabio , Gula Jonathan , Laming Sven , Lindsay Dhugal , Matos Fábio , Metaxas Anna , Meyer-Kaiser Kirstin , Mills Susan , Queiroga Henrique , Rodrigues Clara , Sarrazin Jozée , Watanabe Hiromi , Young Robert , Young Craig 
Published: May 2020

Recent advances in technology have enabled an unprecedented development of underwater research, extending from near shore to the deepest regions of the globe. However, monitoring of biodiversity is not fully implemented in political agendas and biological observations in the deep ocean have been even more limited in space and time.
The Foresight Workshop on Advances in Ocean Biological Observations: a sustained system for deep-ocean meroplankton was convened to to foster advances in the knowledge on deep-ocean invertebrate larval distributions and improve our understanding of fundamental deep-ocean ecological processes such as connectivity and resilience of benthic communities to natural and human-induced disturbance. This Meroplankton Observations Workshop had two specific goals: 1) review the state-of-the-art instrumentation available for meroplankton observations; 2) develop a strategy to implement technological innovations for in-situ meroplankton observation. Presentations and discussions are summarised in this report covering: i) key challenges and priorities for advancing the knowledge of deep-sea larval diversity and distribution: ii) recent developments in technology and future needs for plankton observation, iii) data integration and oceanographic modelling; iv) synergies and added value of a sustained observation system for meroplankton; v) steps for developing a sustained observation system for deep-ocean meroplankton and plans to maximise collaborative opportunities.
Abundance of the skeletal muscle Glut-4 glucose transport protein in Standardbred foals during development and exercise
Authors: Filho H.C. Manso , Manso H.E.C.C.C. , Watford M. , McKeever K.H. 
Published: May 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in Glut-4 expression in gluteus muscle, and in the plasma concentrations of hormones and metabolites during the suckling period, after weaning, and after exercise training in foals. Our hypotheses were Glut-4 abundance will decrease following metabolite and hormonal concentration between neonatal period and late development but will increase with exercise training. Eight clinically normal Standardbred foals were used in this study, and they stayed with their mothers from birth until weaning at 6 months. After weaning, the foals were randomly divided in two groups: an exercise group (EX) (n=4; ~282 kg) which trained 3 d/wk for 12 wks and a control group (n=4; ~271 kg) without structured exercise. Venous blood samples were obtained immediately after birth (<30 min), at 24 h, at day 7 and day 14, and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after parturition. Results were analysed using one-way ANOVA for repeated measures. Post-hoc differences were identified using the Tukey test and correlations were obtained using Pearson product moment analysis. The abundance of Glut-4 in skeletal muscle was highest immediately after birth and with growth and development (P<0.05). Exercise training did not change Glut-4 abundance (P>0.05). Plasma lactate, insulin and cortisol concentrations decreased during the first three months of lactation while glucose and leptin concentrations increased (P<0.05). There were no effects of exercise training on any of the above plasma parameters (P>0.05). In conclusion, Glut-4 abundance in gluteus muscle was highest at the birth and decreased during development and exercise training for 12 weeks did not change its’ abundance.
Analyse de pratiques ordinaires d’enseignement des caractères qualitatifs d’une réaction chimique en Tunisie
Authors: Ben Kilani Chiraz 
Published: May 2020

Dans cet article, nous analysons les pratiques ordinaires d’une enseignante tunisienne relatives aux caractères qualitatifs d’une réaction chimique en première année secondaire (grade 10). Il s’agit d’une enseignante reconnue experte par l’institution. Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre de la théorie de l’action conjointe en didactique. Les données sont constituées d’un enregistrement vidéo et d’entretiens ante et post séance. Les différentes analyses que nous avons menées montrent que l’enseignante utilise un format d’enseignement de type « cours dialogué » tout en assumant la responsabilité de l’avancée régulière du savoir dans la classe. Les tâches confiées aux élèves sont peu ou pas demandeuses épistémiquement. Les pratiques observées donnent une image inductiviste des sciences, voire dogmatique. Leurs déterminants, notamment le point de vue sur les savoirs, leur élaboration, leur apprentissage et l’adressage de l’action de la professeure et les implications en formation sont discutés.
Knowing Your Team: Rapid Assessment of Residents and Fellows for Effective Horizontal Care Delivery in Emergency Events
Authors: Dennis Bradley , Highet Alexandra , Kendrick Daniel , Mazer Laura , Loiselle Sean , Bandeh-Ahmadi Hoda , Gupta Tanvi , Abbott Kenneth , Lea Jarrett , Dang Thu , Ramey Mischon , George Brian , Terhune Kyla 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Horizontal care, in which clinicians assume roles outside of their usual responsibilities, is an important health care systems response to emergency situations. Allocating residents and fellows into skill-concordant clinical roles, however, is challenging. The most efficient method to accomplish graduate medical education (GME) assessment and deployment for horizontal care is not known.

Objective
We designed a categorization schema that can efficiently facilitate clinical and educational horizontal care delivery for trainees within a given institution.

Methods
In September 2019, as part of a general emergency response preparation, a 4-tiered system of trainee categorization was developed at one academic medical center. All residents and fellows were mapped to this system. This single institution model was disseminated to other institutions in 2020 as the COVID-19 pandemic began to affect hospitals nationally. In March 2020, a multi-institution collaborative launched the Trainee Pandemic Role Allocation Tool (TPRAT), which allows institutions to map institutional programs to COVID-19 roles within minutes. This was disseminated to other GME programs for use and refinement.

Results
The emergency response preparation plan was disseminated and selectively implemented with a positive response from the emergency preparedness team, program directors, and trainees. The TPRAT website was visited more than 100 times in the 2 weeks after its launch. Institutions suggested rapid refinements via webinars and e-mails, and we developed an online user's manual.

Conclusions
This tool to assess and deploy trainees horizontally during emergency situations appears feasible and scalable to other GME institutions.
Effects of BMI and Food Habits on Menstrual Characteristics among Adolescent Girls
Authors: Amgain Kapil , Neupane Sujana 
Published: May 2020

Background: Menstruation, a normal physiological process in a woman’s body is affected by dietary habit and it can arise different menstrual disorders. The aim of this study is to find out the menstrual health status of young female and its association with their food habit.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the nursing students of Maharajgunj Nursing Campus from March 2019 to September 2019.. Pretested and semistructured questionnaire was used to collect the data regarding menstrual history, dietary habit, fast food intake, and food skipping behavior. HEAT (Healthy Eating Assessment Tool) Score was used to assess the food habit and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess the intensity of dysmenorrhea.
Result: Data was collected among 140 students. The mean age was 24.56±2.65 years. The study showed that 87.9% had problems, and 80.7% have dysmenorrhea. The occurrence of the menstrual problems was more in the participants who were having a non-vegetarian diet than in a vegetarian diet which was statistically significant (p<0.001). Similarly, 68.6% of the participants eat fast food and 91.6 % of them have menstrual problems. Meal skipping habit was found to significantly associated with the menstrual problems (P=0.03). Similarly, 105 (75%) of the participants had good food eating habits, and 32 (22.9%) of the participants had a poor eating habit. The poor eating habit was significantly associated with menstrual problems. The intensity of dysmenorrhea was more in the participant having a nonvegetarian diet. Further, the pain was more severe among the participants who consume tea and coffee more frequently.
Conclusion: The menstrual problems were the alarming problems in the adolescent college going girls of Kathmandu Valley. BMI and excessive intake of junk/fast food, alcohol and tea/coffee had a significant association with menstrual problems.
Post Exercise Change in Peak Expiratory Flow Rate and its Relation with Body Adiposity in Nepalese Settings
Authors: Mahotra Narayan Bahadur , Aryal Vibina , Shrestha Lava , Kandel Sabita , Pradhan Sait , Bajimaya Mahesh Man , Malla Neha , Bhat Neeti 
Published: May 2020

Background: The Queens College Step Test is used to determine aerobic fitness. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is the maximum rate of forceful exhalation following full inspiration. PEFR primarily reflects bronchial airflow and depends on the voluntary effort and muscular strength of the individual. Studies that correlate ventilatory capacity with body fat percentage are rare in published literature in Nepalese settings. Body fat percentage is regarded as a better indicator of obesity recently. Hence, this study aims to find an association between post-exercise change in PEFR and body adiposity in the context of Nepal.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from 20th July 2019 to 15th November in the laboratory of Clinical Physiology of Maharajgunj Medical Campus. Body fat percentage was measured by using OMRON BF 214. Pre-exercise PEFR of each subject was recorded by using Wright’s peak flow meter. Post-exercise PEFR was also recorded after three minutes of Queen’s College step test, which is the submaximal exercise test, and change in PEFR was calculated and correlated with body fat percentage.
Result: The study showed a negative correlation of change in PEFR with body fat percentage (r=-0.324; P<0.001). A significant difference (P = 0.002) was observed between different quartiles of body fat percentage. A highly significant difference (P = 0.003) was noted with the first and fourth quartiles.
Conclusion: Less ventilatory adjustment in response to exercise was noted in subjects with more body fat percentage compared to those with less body fat percentage.
Diversity of endophytic bacteria from Citrus and Inga trees in the coffee agro-ecosystem and fluctuations by location, shade management and season
Authors: Bolaños-Carriel Carlos , Zapata Mildred , Wessel-Beaver Linda , Brodbeck Brent V. , Andersen Peter C. 
Published: May 2020

Coffee, Coffea arabica L., is planted in diverse agro-ecological environments in the mountains of Puerto Rico (PR). The pathogen, Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al., is a xylem-limited phytopathogenic bacterium transmitted by insects that causes coffee leaf scorch, citrus-variegated chlorosis and vascular diseases of many other plant species. The objective of this study was to characterize the fastidious endophytes occupying a similar niche as X. fastidiosa in the vascular system of Citrus sinensis and Inga vera trees in low diversity and high diversity shade environments where coffee is grown In PR. Sampling was conducted over two years in four localities: Adjuntas, Jayuya, Las Marías and Yauco during the dry and rainy seasons. Citrus sinensis and Inga vera were generally the only shade treesin coffee plantations described as "low diversity"; in "high diversity" plantations these same species were present along with Pithocellobium carbonarium, Gliricidia sepium and Andira inermis. Endophyte population (EP) and endophyte diversity (ED) were contrasted using factorial arrangements of shade, locality, season and year. Endophytes were clustered using multivariate analysis. Neither shade nor season had an effect on EP in Citrus. In Inga vera, EP was about three times higher in the second year compared to the first year regardless of season, location or shade. In both Citrus and Inga, ED was low. The highest ED was detected in Jayuya and the lowest in Las Marías. Ward's algorithm combined Citrus and Inga fastidious strains into four and five clusters for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. Endophyte diversity of Citrus and Inga was determined by the plant species, not by location or shade. However, ED was higher in shaded coffee with low diversity of tree species. Thus, effects of shade (low versus high diversity) altered the community structure of endophytes prevalent in the vascular tissue and may impact host plant resistance to pathogens such as X. fastidiosa.