bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Same-Sex Couples’ Shared Time in the United States
Authors: Genadek Katie R. , Flood Sarah M. , Roman Joan Garcia 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study examines and compares shared time for same-sex and different-sex coresident couples using large, nationally representative data from the 2003–2016 American Time Use Survey (ATUS). We compare the total time that same-sex couples and different-sex couples spend together; for parents, the time they spend together with children; and for both parents and nonparents, the time they spend together with no one else present and the time they spend with others (excluding children). After we control for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the couples, women in same-sex couples spend more time together, both alone and in total, than individuals in different-sex arrangements and men in same-sex couples, regardless of parenthood status. Women in same-sex relationships also spend a larger percentage of their total available time together than other couples, and the difference in time is not limited to any specific activity.
Bacterial degradation of coal discard and geologically weathered coal
Authors: Olawale Jacob Taiwo , Edeki Oghenekume Gerald , Cowan Ashton Keith 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe biodegradation of coal discard is being intensively studied in South Africa in an effort to develop passive methods for the successful revegetation and rehabilitation of waste dumps, to mitigate pollution, and facilitate mine closure. Bacteria were isolated from slurries of coal tailings and diesel-contaminated soil, screened for coal biodegradation competence, characterized, and the colonization and degradation of coal discard and geologically weathered coal investigated using individual isolates and consortia. Ten novel coal-degrading bacterial strains were isolated and characterized, the gene sequences deposited with GenBank, and the (wild-type) strains deposited at Microbial Culture Collection, India. The results from the present work show that bituminous coal discard and geologically weathered coal is used by these isolates as carbon and energy source. Isolated strains and consortia colonized and degraded both coal substrates. Growth rate of the isolates is faster and stationery phase achieved sooner in minimal medium containing geologically weathered coal. This observation suggests that the oxygen-rich weathered coal is a more friable substrate and thus readily colonised and biodegraded. A reduction in mass of substrate is demonstrated for both individual isolates and consortia. The changes in pH and associated media colouration occurred concomitant with formation of humic acid-like (HS) and fulvic acid-like substances (FS) which is confirmed following analysis of these products by FT-IR spectroscopy. It is concluded that preferential metabolism of alkanes from the coal substrates provided the carbon and energy for bacterial growth and transformation of the substrates to HS and FS.
Bronchial Artery Embolisation for Massive Haemoptysis: Immediate and Long-Term Outcomes—A Retrospective Study
Authors: Frood Russell , Karthik Shishir , Mirsadraee Saeed , Clifton Ian , Flood Karen , McPherson Simon J. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Bronchial artery embolisation (BAE) is an established treatment method for massive haemoptysis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of BAE on in-hospital outcomes and long-term survival in patients with massive haemoptysis.

Methods
Retrospective review of all cases of acute massive haemoptysis treated by BAE between April 2000 and April 2012 with at least a 5 year follow up of each patient. Targeted BAE was performed in cases with lateralising symptoms, bronchoscopic sites of bleeding or angiographic unilateral abnormal vasculature. In the absence of lateralising symptoms or signs, bilateral BAE was performed.

Results
96 BAEs were performed in 68 patients. The majority (64 cases, 67%) underwent unilateral procedures. 83 (86.5%) procedures resulted in immediate/short term control of haemoptysis which lasted for longer than a month. The mean duration of haemoptysis free period after embolisation was 96 months. There were three major complications (cardio-pulmonary arrest, paraparesis and stroke). 38 (56%) patients were still alive at least 5 years following their BAE. Benign causes were associated with significantly longer haemoptysis free periods, mean survival 108 months compared to 32 months in patients with an underlying malignant cause (p = 0.005). An episode of haemoptysis within a month of the initial embolisation was associated reduced overall survival (p = 0.033).

Conclusion
BAE is effective in controlling massive haemoptysis. Long-term survival depends on the underlying pulmonary pathology. Strategies are required to avoid incomplete initial embolisation, which is associated with ongoing haemoptysis and high mortality despite further BAE.
Intuitionistic fuzzy time series functions approach for time series forecasting
Authors: Bas Eren , Yolcu Ufuk , Egrioglu Erol 
Published: March 2020

AbstractFuzzy inference systems have been commonly used for time series forecasting in the literature. Adaptive network fuzzy inference system, fuzzy time series approaches and fuzzy regression functions approaches are popular among fuzzy inference systems. In recent years, intuitionistic fuzzy sets have been preferred in the fuzzy modeling and new fuzzy inference systems have been proposed based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets. In this paper, a new intuitionistic fuzzy regression functions approach is proposed based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets for forecasting purpose. This new inference system is called an intuitionistic fuzzy time series functions approach. The contribution of the paper is proposing a new intuitionistic fuzzy inference system. To evaluate the performance of intuitionistic fuzzy time series functions, twenty-three real-world time series data sets are analyzed. The results obtained from the intuitionistic fuzzy time series functions approach are compared with some other methods according to a root mean square error and mean absolute percentage error criteria. The proposed method has superior forecasting performance among all methods.
Water Technology in the Paper Industry in the Valley of Mexican Basin
Authors: Rodríguez-Tapia Lilia , Pedro-Aburto Marina , Morales-Novelo Jorge A. , Revollo-Fernández Daniel A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis article identifies the technological characteristics of the paper manufacturing industry in the Valley of Mexican Basin (VMB)—a densely populated region characterized by absolute water scarcity—in order to quantify the intensity with which water is used. The method consisted of modeling the paper industry’s technology estimating Cobb-Douglas production functions at two moments in time. The comparison of both functions makes it possible to identify water saving technologies during this period, and to evaluate whether the industry has made adjustments to deal with water restrictions. The data is obtained from the Economic Censuses of the National Institute of Statistics Geography and Informatics 2009 and 2014. While our work must be considered preliminary owing to the somewhat irregular nature of the data, certain clear conclusions do stand out. The paper industry located in the VMB has drastically reduced its water usage during the period of time analyzed. This is explained by the adoption of water saving technologies in the industry. In the process, an increase in capital is the main variable to explain such a technical change. This is expressed in the manner in which water and capital inputs appear to be highly suitable substitutes in paper manufacturing.
Use of nanoadvanced activated carbon, alumina and ferric adsorbents for humics removal from water: isotherm study
Authors: Stanford Cecile Andre , Khraisheh Majeda , Al Momani Fares , Albadarin Ahmad B. , Walker Gavin M. , Al Ghouti Mohammad A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe adsorption of humic substances on three different adsorbents was investigated and adsorption isotherms were applied in this research. The three adsorbents studied include granular activated carbon (GAC), ferric oxihydroxide in its beta form (β-FeOOH) and iron-coated activated alumina (AAFS). Physical and chemical characteristics of the adsorbents were also fully investigated. Calcium was added to the HS solution in order to represent water with a hardness equivalent to water hardness typically found in London (UK). The examination of the GAC indicated a large microporous area with lower surface area associated with meso- and macropores. The AAFS and β-FeOOH did not present any microporous area. The overall surface area was high for GAC (980 m2 g−1) but lower for AAFS (286 m2 g−1) and β-FeOOH (360 m2 g−1). The Freundlich isotherm model was fitted to all adsorbent–adsorbate systems. It was shown that GAC offered a large adsorption capacity for removal of low molecular weight humics F1 (MW 0–5 kDa) but not for substances with molecular weight larger than 10 kDa (F3). The β-FeOOH adsorption capacity was only 0.43 mg g−1, compared with 9.11 and 2.55 mg g−1 on GAC and AAFS, respectively. On the contrary, F1 is not well adsorbed and only F2 (5–10 kDa) can be efficiently removed by AAFS and β-FeOOH. It was strongly suggested that precipitation/condensation occurred on the adsorbent surface.
“I really don’t wanna think about what’s going to happen to me!”: a case study of psychological health and safety at an isolated high Arctic Research Station
Authors: Temp Anna G. M. , Lee Billy , Bak Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPsychological problems over the course of isolated missions in extreme environments are common, even with modern screening techniques. Occasionally, these problems warrant evacuation of the afflicted individual but no in-depth insight into such a case has been given in modern times, until now. A 21-year-old man – Albert – developed severe psychological distress over the course of a winter expedition to the Polish Polar Station, Svalbard. We collected data on his mental health and his mood using the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised and the Profile of Mood States, and we assessed his cognitive functions with the Sustained Attention to Response Task and the Test of Everyday Attention. Phenomenological interviews gave him room to relate his experience. The data collection occurred repeatedly during the mission, until his evacuation. Albert struggled to derive joy from his work at the station. He missed his loved ones at home, and he felt he was cognitively declining due to intellectual deprival. His attempt at combing his life at home and his life at the station led to him feeling increasingly depressed. Crawfordian case analysis suggests that he felt more depressed than other team members at the station, and men of equal age and education in their home environment (p < 001). We attempted an intervention using emotional freedom techniques (EFT) to help improve his symptoms. It was moderately successful. Albert’s evacuation was medically warranted. The intervention temporarily alleviated his depressive symptoms. More such case studies should be conducted wherever possible.
Evaluation of clinicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and planned behaviors related to an intervention to improve acute respiratory infection management
Authors: Hruza Hayli R. , Velasquez Tania , Madaras-Kelly Karl J. , Fleming-Dutra Katherine E. , Samore Matthew H. , Butler Jorie M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground:Acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) are commonly diagnosed and major drivers of antibiotic prescribing. Clinician-focused interventions can reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescribing for ARIs. We elicited clinician feedback to design sustainable interventions to improve ARI management by understanding the mental framework of clinicians surrounding antibiotic prescribing within Veterans’ Health Administration clinics.Methods:We conducted one-on-one interviews with clinicians (n = 20) from clinics targeted for intervention at 5 facilities. The theory of planned behavior guided interview questions. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed for qualitative analysis. An iterative coding approach identified 6 themes.Results:Emergent themes: (1) barriers to appropriate prescribing are multifactorial and include challenges of behavior change; (2) antibiotic prescribing decisions are perceived as autonomous yet, diagnostic uncertainty and perceptions of patient demand can make prescribing decisions difficult; (3) clinicians perceive variation in peer prescribing practices and influences; (4) clinician-focused interventions are valuable if delivered with sensitivity; (5) communication strategies for educating patients are preferred to a shared decisions process; and (6) team standardization of practice and communication are key to facilitate appropriate prescribing. Clinicians perceived audit-and-feedback with peer comparison, academic detailing, and enhanced patient communication strategies as viable approaches to improving appropriate prescribing.Conclusion:Implementation strategies that enable clinicians to overcome diagnostic uncertainty, perceived patient demand, and improve patient education are desired. Implementation strategies were welcomed, and some were more readily accepted (eg, audit feedback) than others (eg, shared decision making). Implementation strategies should address clinicians’ perceptions of antibiotic prescribing practices and should enhance their patient communication skills.
Serum vitamin B12and related 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase and cubilin genotypes predict neural outcomes across the Alzheimerʼs disease spectrum
Authors: McLimans K. E. , Collazo Martinez A. D. , Mochel J. P. , Allenspach K. , Willette A. A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEpidemiological studies show mixed findings for serum vitamin B12(B12) and both cognitive and regional volume outcomes. No studies to date have comprehensively examined, in non-supplemented individuals, serum B12level associations with neurodegeneration, hypometabolism and cognition across the Alzheimerʼs disease (AD) spectrum. Serum B12was assayed from the Alzheimerʼs Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and the Australian Imaging, Biomarker & Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL). Voxel-wise analyses regressed B12levels against regional grey matter (GM) volume and glucose metabolism (P< 0·05, family-wise corrected). For ADNI GM, there were thirty-nine cognitively normal (CN), seventy-three mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and thirty-one AD participants. For AIBL GM, there were 311 CN, fifty-nine MCI and thirty-one AD participants. Covariates were age, sex, baseline diagnosis,APOE4status and BMI. In ADNI, higher B12was negatively associated with GM in the right precuneus and bilateral frontal gyri. When diagnostic groups were examined separately, only participants with MCI, or above an established cut-off for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) total tau showed such associations. In AIBL, higher B12was associated with more GM in the right amygdala and right superior temporal pole, which largely seemed to be driven by CN participants that constituted most of the sample. Our results suggest that B12may show different patterns of association based on clinical status and, for ADNI, AD CSF biomarkers. Accounting for these factors may clarify the relationship between B12with neural outcomes in late-life.
The effects of electron energy distribution function on the plasma sheath structure in the presence of charged nanoparticles
Authors: Khalilpour H. , Foroutan G. 
Published: March 2020

The effects of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) on the structure of a dusty plasma sheath are investigated. Here, it is assumed that the electrons obey a Druyvesteyn-type distribution with a parameter

$x$

controlling the shape of the EEDF. The Druyvesteyn-like distribution tends to a Maxwellian distribution as

$x$

varies from 2 to 1. Using the orbital motion limited theory, the incident electron current on the dust is evaluated for a given

$x$

. The results of numerical simulations are compared with those of a Maxwellian distribution. It was found that the sheath dynamics depends strongly on the magnitude of

$x$

. The sheath thickness increases monotonically with increasing

$x$

. However, the absolute dust charge decreases and, as a result, the accelerating ion drag force is weakened and thus the dust number density is enhanced. For a plasma with a Druyvesteyn-like distribution, the Bohm speed is a function of

$x$

and increases with increasing

$x$

.
Mesenchymal stem cells combined with albendazole as a novel therapeutic approach for experimental neurotoxocariasis
Authors: Beshay E. V. N. , El-Refai S. A. , Sadek G. S. , Elbadry A. A. , Shalan F. H. , Afifi A. F. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractNeurotoxocariasis (NT) is a serious condition that has been linked to reduced cognitive function, behavioural alterations and neurodegenerative diseases. Unfortunately, the available drugs to treat toxocariasis are limited with unsatisfactory results, because of the initiation of treatment at late chronic stages after the occurrence of tissue damage and scars. Therefore, searching for a new therapy for this important disease is an urgent necessity. In this context, cytotherapy is a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of many diseases and tissue damages through the introduction of new cells into the damaged sites. They exert therapeutic effects by their capability of renewal, differentiation into specialized cells, and being powerful immunomodulators. The most popular cell type utilized in cytotherapy is the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) type. In the current study, the efficacy of MSCs alone or combined with albendazole was evaluated against chronic brain insults induced byToxocara canisinfection in an experimental mouse model. Interestingly, MSCs combined with albendazole demonstrated a healing effect on brain inflammation, gliosis, apoptosis and significantly reduced brain damage biomarkers (S100B and GFAP) andT. canisDNA. Thus, MSCs would be protective against the development of subsequent neurodegenerative diseases with chronic NT.
Theatre and Performance in Alternative Histories of Steve Biko's Death in Detention
Authors: Bucher Jesse 
Published: March 2020

I still thought [Biko] was shamming. I had had experience before with this tendency.—Colonel Goosen, 1977 inquestThere was also a BBC reconstruction of the inquest with a well-known actor who played Sydney Kentridge—which I said that he wasn't as good as Sydney Kentridge, they should have had Sydney play himself.—George Bizos, 13 May 2008
Therapist written goodbye letters: evidence for therapeutic benefits in the treatment of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Simmonds Jess , Allen Karina L. , O’Hara Caitlin B. , Bartholdy Savani , Renwick Beth , Keyes Alexandra , Lose Anna , Kenyon Martha , DeJong Hannah , Broadbent Hannah , Loomes Rachel , McClelland Jessica , Serpell Lucy , Richards Lorna , Johnson-Sabine Eric , Boughton Nicky , Whitehead Linette , Treasure Janet , Wade Tracey , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground:Despite their use in clinical practice, there is little evidence to support the use of therapist written goodbye letters as therapeutic tools. However, preliminary evidence suggests that goodbye letters may have benefits in the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN).Aims:This study aimed to examine whether therapist written goodbye letters were associated with improvements in body mass index (BMI) and eating disorder symptomology in patients with AN after treatment.Method:Participants were adults with AN (n = 41) who received The Maudsley Model of Anorexia Treatment for Adults (MANTRA) in a clinical trial evaluating two AN out-patient treatments. As part of MANTRA, therapists wrote goodbye letters to patients. A rating scheme was developed to rate letters for structure and quality. Linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between goodbye letter scores and outcomes after treatment.Results:Higher quality letters and letters that adopted a more affirming stance were associated with greater improvements in BMI at 12 months. Neither the overall quality nor the style of goodbye letters were associated with improvements in BMI at 24 months or reductions in eating disorder symptomology at either 12 or 24 months.Conclusions:The results highlight the potential importance of paying attention to the overall quality of therapist written goodbye letters in the treatment of AN, and adopting an affirming stance.
On the ethical significance of social practices
Authors: KUSTERMANS JORG 
Published: March 2020

Abstract:InPractice Theory and International Relations, Silviya Lechner and Mervyn Frost make a useful distinction between ‘praxis’ and ‘practices’ and correctly insist on the importance of describing the identity of distinct practices. They also make the important point that practices have ethical value for their participants. There is much to like about Lechner and Frost’s argument, including its solid philosophical grounding. However, from the perspective of a social scientist, there are some points of concern as well. First, while they champion ‘description’, they settle for ‘naming’ practices. Proper description requires more attention to detail than what the authors offer in the book. Second, the authors appear to discriminate between social practices in spatial terms rather than in functional terms. As a consequence, they end up with a description of the practices of international relations, where the different practices are all animated by the same value of freedom. As such, Lechner and Frost offer a reductionist interpretation of the ethical significance of international practices. Third, the authors push their anti-foundationalism too far. When one interprets the (ethical) significance of social practices, it is useful to bring on board philosophical–anthropological models, even if only because it opens up one’s interpretive horizons.
The Limits of Empirical Electron Density Modeling: Examining the Capacity of E‐CHAIM and the IRI for Modeling Intermediate (1‐ to 30‐Day) Timescales at High Latitudes
Authors: Themens David R. , Jayachandran P. T. , Reid Benjamin , McCaffrey Anthony M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Empirical Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Model (E‐CHAIM) is a new empirical 3‐D electron density model intended as an alternative to the use of conventional standards, such as the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI), at high latitudes (above 50°N). In this study, we have manually scaled a year of data from two Canadian High Arctic Ionospheric Network (CHAIN) ionosondes. Using this high‐quality data, we examine the behavior of the polar cap ionosphere under disturbed geomagnetic conditions and assess the capacity of E‐CHAIM to model polar cap F2‐peak electron density variability on “weather‐like,” intermediate timescales (1–30 days). This is a particularly challenging environment for monthly median empirical models due to the regular occurrence of variations about the monthly mean of up to 2 MHz. We demonstrate in this study that E‐CHAIM's storm model is capable of explaining 4 to 25% of polar cap foF2 variance at 1‐ to 30‐day timescales and 5 to 50% of the amplitude of that variability, while the IRI's Storm‐Time Ionospheric Correction Model (STORM) only explains 0.2 to 9% of the variance at these timescales and no more than 5% of their amplitude. While the IRI's STORM model provided no measurable improvement over the monthly median, E‐CHAIM's storm parameterization was able to improve overall root‐mean‐square errors by 0.05 to 0.1 MHz over its quiet time model. The overall improvement through the use of storm foF2 parameterizations is found to be limited, but measurable, particularly during storm periods, where an average improvement in root‐mean‐square error of 20% is observed.