bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Household Chaos and Child, Parent, and Family Outcomes: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Marsh Samantha , Dobson Rosie , Maddison Ralph 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Household chaos, represented by the level of disorganisation or environmental confusion in the home, has been associated with a range of adverse child and family outcomes. This review aims to (1) identify how household chaos is measured, (2) chart study details of household chaos literature, and (3) map the existing literature with respect to the relationship between household chaos and child, parent, and family outcomes. We expect that this review will highlight the need to consider the importance of household chaos in child well-being research, particularly in those families where children may be more vulnerable to the adverse effects of household chaos.Methods: We searched five electronic databases (last updated September 1st 2018) in addition to Google Scholar, and identified publications via a 3-stage screening process, which was conducted by two researchers. Published studies were included if they investigated the association between household chaos and child, parent, or family outcomes. Research that investigated household chaos as a mediator or moderator, or that investigated how the relationship between household chaos and the outcome of interest was mediated or moderated, were also included. Results: 112 studies in 111 publications were included. The majority were conducted in the United States (n=71), and used either cross-sectional (n=60) or longitudinal (n=49) study designs. Outcomes of interest were categorised into seven categories: (1) cognitive and academic (n=16), (2) socio-emotional and behavioural (n=60), (3) communication (n=6), (4) parenting, family, and household functioning (n=21), (5) parent outcomes (n=6), (6) hormone (n=8), and (7) physical health and health behaviours (n=19). There was consistent evidence for significant correlations between household chaos and adverse outcomes across all seven categories in diverse populations with respect to age, disease status, and socio-economic status (SES).Conclusion: There is consistent evidence for associations between household chaos and a number of adverse child, parent, and family-level outcomes. Household chaos may also help describe variations in outcomes between low SES and child development.
“…we were like tourists in the theatre, the interns assisted almost all procedures…” Task sharing and the training of Assistant Medical Officers in Tanzania.
Authors: Sirili Nathanael , Anaeli Amani , Mselle Lilian , Massawe Siriel 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Tanzania is among the countries that adopted task sharing as a strategy of addressing health workforce shortage. Although the strategy has existed for over five decades, concerns are upon the quality of the training of the mid-level cadres amidst the growing number of medical universities. This study sought to explore the challenges facing the training of the Assistant Medical Offices, AMOs (a mid-level cadre) in Tanzania.Methods: An exploratory qualitative case study was carried out in four regions to include one rural district in each of the selected regions and two AMOs Training Colleges in Tanzania. A semi-structured interview guide was used to interview 29 Key informants from the district hospitals, district management, regional management, AMOs training college and one retired AMO. In addition, four focus group discussions were conducted with 35 AMO trainees.Results: Training of AMOs in Tanzania faces many challenges. The challenges include; use of outdated and static curriculum, inadequate tutors (lack of teaching skills and experience of teaching adults), Inadequate teaching infrastructure in existence of many other trainees to include interns, and limited or lack of scholarships and sponsorship for the AMO trainees. Conclusions: The challenges facing AMO training not only affect the quality of the graduates but also affect the realization of task sharing strategy that requires that task sharing should not compromise the quality of services produced by the task-shared cadre. It is high time for revising the AMOs curricula and train the tutor through continued medical education programmes to reflect the dynamics of medical education. The government in collaboration with other stakeholders should work together to address the challenges on teaching infrastructure and scholarships to this cadre that has continued to be the backbone of the primary health care in Tanzania. Keywords; Assistant medical Officers, Task sharing, Task shifting, Medical education, Tanzania, Primary health care
Primary syphilis: a histological and immunohistochemical evaluation
Authors: Leng Ling , Gong Hui Zi , Wang Tao , Zheng He Yi , Li Jun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Syphilitic chancre could be misdiagnosed as other skin diseases and a biopsy is sometimes done before serological testing, which makes it essential to find possible primary syphilis patients through histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC).Method: We sought to determine the histopathological and IHC characteristics in primary syphilis. Eleven biopsy specimens were collected from 9 patients diagnosed with primary syphilis. Specimens were analyzed for T. pallidum using antibody to T. pallidum. We also compared IHC results with the histological characteristics.Results: In our study, plasma cells infiltration was the most common pattern [90.9% (10/11)] in primary syphilis. Necrotic keratinocytes could be observed in 54.5% (6/11) of primary syphilis. T. pallidum was discovered in 9 of 10 (90.0%) primary syphilis by IHC. T. pallidum is mainly detected in the medium to superficial dermis and the lower epidermis regions. In the dermis area, T. pallidum was discovered mainly around the perivascular regions. Conclusion: Although serological tests remain the gold standard for the confirming diagnosis of syphilis infection, Histopathological and IHC could be helpful in the diagnosis of some syphilitic patients when serologic testing is not capable of detecting T. pallidum antibodies in serum. Using IHC technique allows us to precisely find out the location of the microorganism in the syphilitic skin lesions.
Proteomic analysis demonstrated transcription factor YRR1 gene deletion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae enhances its resistance to vanillin through the upregulation of transcriptional activator Haa1, coactivator Mbf1, and proteasome assembly chaperone Tma17 expression
Authors: Cao Wenyan , Wang Xinning , Zhao Weiquan , Shen Yu , Qin Wensheng , Li Zailu , Bao Xiaoming 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Vanillin is one of the major phenolic inhibitors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for cellulosic ethanol production. Deleting transcription factor gene YRR1 improves vanillin resistance by promoting some translation-related processes that were confirmed at the transcription level in our previous studies. However, the known genes regulated by Yrr1 are not related to translation process. Therefore, in this work, we investigated the effects of proteomic changes on vanillin stress and YRR1 deletion to provide different perspectives from transcriptome analysis for comprehending the mechanisms of YRR1 deletion in yeast protective response to vanillin.Results: In wild-type cells, vanillin reduced the numbers of ribosomal proteins quantities and thereby inhibited cells’ translation. YRR1 deletion changed the quantities of 121 proteins which have no overlaps with transcriptomic changes. Of 112 proteins were up-regulated; 48 of 112 up-regulated proteins are involved in stress response, translational and basal transcriptional regulation. Fermentation data showed that the overexpression of HAA1, MBF1, and TMA17, which encode transcriptional activator, coactivator, and proteasome assembly chaperone, respectively, enhanced resistance to vanillin in S. cerevisiae. Conclusions: These results showed how YRR1 deletion increase vanillin resistance at protein level. This may advance our understanding of molecular mechanisms for YRR1 deletion to protect yeast from vanillin stress and offer novel targets of genetic engineering for designing inhibitor-resistant ethanologenic yeast strains.
Coding transcriptome analyses reveal altered functions underlying immunotolerance of PEG-fused rat sciatic nerve allografts
Authors: Smith Tyler A. , Ghergherehchi Cameron L. , Tucker Haley O. , Bittner George 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Current methods to repair ablation-type peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) using peripheral nerve allografts (PNAs) often result in poor functional recovery due to immunological rejection as well as slow and inaccurate outgrowth of regenerating axonal sprouts. In contrast, ablation-type PNIs repaired by PNAs using a multistep protocol, in which one step uses the membrane fusogen polyethylene glycol (PEG), permanently restore sciatic-mediated behaviors within weeks. Axons and cells within the PNA remain viable, even though outbred host and donor tissues are neither immunosuppressed nor tissue matched. PEG-fused PNAs exhibit significantly reduced T cell and macrophage infiltration, apoptosis, and expression of major histocompatibility complex I/II. In this study, we analyzed the coding transcriptome of PEG-fused PNAs to examine possible mechanisms underlying immunosuppression. Methods Ablation-type sciatic PNIs in adult Sprague Dawley rats were repaired using PNAs and a PEG-fusion protocol combined with neurorrhaphy. Electrophysiological and behavioral tests confirmed successful PEG-fusion of PNAs. RNA sequencing analyzed differential expression profiles of protein-coding genes between PEG-fused PNAs and Negative Control PNAs (not treated with PEG) at 14d PO, along with Unoperated Control nerves. Sequencing results were validated by Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Results PEG-fused PNAs display significant downregulation of many gene transcripts associated with innate and adaptive allorejection responses. Schwann cell-associated transcripts are often upregulated, and cellular processes such as extracellular matrix remodeling, cell and tissue development are particularly enriched. Transcripts encoding several potentially immunosuppressive proteins (e.g. Thrombospondins 1 and 2) are also upregulated in PEG-fused PNAs. Conclusions This study is the first to characterize the coding transcriptome of PEG-fused PNAs, and identifies possible links between alterations of the extracellular matrix and suppression of the allorejection response. The results establish a molecular-basis to begin to understand mechanisms underlying PEG-mediated immunosuppression.
Analysis of primary oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in Beijing inhabitants, China—a 10-year continuous study of a single center
Authors: Bai Xuexiao , Zhang Jie , Wei Li 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Backgroud The aim of the study was to evaluate whether Beijing inhabitants with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) differ from previous reports with regard to clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis, and study the influence of prognostic factors. Methods Consecutive cases of primary oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in Beijing patients admitted between 2004 and 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Clinical data included age, sex, location, site, TNM stage, history of drinking and smoking, differentiation and follow up information. Results A total of 603 cases were included in this study. The male: female ratio was 1.1:1. The frequency of sites decreased in the order tongue, gingiva, buccal mucosa, oral floor, oropharynx, lip and palate. Differences in location, age and stage between males and females were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Whereas 65.3% of male patients smoked or drank, only 6.3% of female patients did so. The overall 5-year survival rate was 64%. Female patients have a worse prognosis than male. For patients who received surgery, tumor size, lymph node involvement were independent prognostic factors. Smoking and drinking were not prognostic factors. Conclusion Our study indicates that the clinical characteristics OSCC patients in Beijing is similar to some developed countries, both regarding male/female ratio, diagnostic age, prognosis, which is different from previous reports in other districts of China. Lymph node involvement was the most important prognostic factor, followed by tumor size, pathological grade.
SPP1 targeted by miR-4262 in gastric cancer functions as an enhancer of cell growth and correlates with dismal prognosis
Authors: Wang Junqing , Hao Fengjie , Yang Yuchen , Fei Xiaochun , Chen Xunhua 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Advanced gastric cancer (GC) induces diamal prognosis and high mortality. Discovery of new biomarkers or differentially expressed genes (DEGs) is serving for early diagnosis, prevention and therapautic treatmen in GC. In this study, by combining with biostatistics analysis, we aimed to verify the aberrant high expression and enhancing effects of SPP1 on GC, and to explore the probable relative post-transcriptional regulation. Methods Three datasets (GSE13911, GSE19826 and GSE27342) from NCBI GEO database were explored. SPP1 was screened out and detected in 105 real GC patients through immunohistochemistry analysis and RT-qPCR assay. The patients’ clinicopathologic features were collected and analyzed. The expression of SPP1 was examinated in three GC cell lines (MKN-45, AGS and SNU-16) . MKN-45 cell model with SPP1 depletd was constrcted through shRNA transfection. CCK8 assay, cell cycle detection and apoptosis rate calculation were conducted to evaluate the ability of cell growth. MiR-4262 was filtered out as a potential up-streaming regulator of SPP1 mRNA through bioinformatic prediction, and the dual-luciferase reporter assay was used for validation. Rescue experiment was introduced to confirm the post-transcriptional regulation. Results Thirteen DEGs increased in GC were selected, among which SPP1 was screened out for its significant over-expression in GC. SPP1 expression profile was validated in both the 105 real GC patients’ samples and three GC cell liens. High SPP1 expression was found significantly associated with the patients’ clinicopathologic features related to unideal prognosis, including tumor size, lymph node metastasis, local invasion grade and TNM stage. Depletion of SPP1 remarkably suppressed the GC cell growth. Whilst, microRNA-4262 was validated directly binding to the 3’-UTR of SPP1 mRNA in GC cells, degenerating the expression of SPP1. Conclusions SPP1 probably functions as an oncogenic gene in GC, and provides us a new biomarker in GC hopeful to promote GC prevention, diagnose and therapeutic treatment.
WITHDRAWN: Identification of a novel lncRNA‑miRNA‑mRNA competing endogenous RNA network associated with prognosis of breast cancer
Authors: Wan Xiaohui , Hao Shuhong , Hu Chunmei , Qu Rongfeng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors. Recently, the effects of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) on molecular biological mechanism of cancer has aroused great interext. However, research on the pathogenesis and biomarkers of breast cancer is still limited. Thus, this study is aimed to identify the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network related to prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Methods: The RNA SEQ data and corresponding clinical information were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the difference analysis was performed after data quality control. The similarity between two groups of genes with traits in the network was analyzed by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) . Next, the interaction among lncRNA, miRNA, and mRNA was predicted using miRcode, TargetScan, miRDB, and miRTarBase database, and the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network was constructed. Finally, the survival model of target mRNA was established by Cox regression analysis. Results: In total 5056 differentially expressed lncRNAs, 712 differentially expressed miRNAs, and 9878 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified. WGCNA predicted that 823 lncRNAs and 1813 mRNAs were closely related to the breast cancer. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network involved in breast cancer was constructed with 27 lncRNA, 14 miRNAs and 4 mRNAs. The AUC of four survival models of target mRNA (ZC3H12B + HRH1 + TMEM132C + PAG1) was 0.609, which suggested the sensitivity and specificity of prognosis prediction of breast cancer. Conclusion: This study provides insight into the ceRNA network involved in breast cancer biology, which significantly associated with gene regulation and prognosis of breast cancer.
Use of miR-34a, miR-126, and miR-125a-5p expression level as diagnostic factor and therapeutic target for α-L-guluronic acid and β-D-mannuronic acid in Type-I diabetic rat models
Authors: sharifzade Mohammad , emami Mohammad reza , Esmaeili-Bandboni Aghil , Javanbakht Mohammad Hassan , Mirshafiey Abbas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects microRNAs (miRNAs) expression that are known as Post-transcriptional repressors of gene expression in plants and animals. This research aimed to investigate the expression levels of miR-34a, miR-126, miR-125a-5p, and miR-29b for diabetes diagnosis, and the effect of α-L-guluronic acid and β-D-mannuronic acid supplementation on the expression pattern of these miRNAs in diabetic rats. Total miRNAs were extracted and evaluated by qRT-PCR method. body weight, fasting insulin levels, food intake and Vitamin D level in four group after 4-week intervention also measured. The analyzes showed significant increase in expression levels of miR-126 and miR-125a-5p, in diabetic control groups (p=0.001). Also, miR-29b was undetectable in the sera of experimental rats. After treatment with β-D-mannuronic acid, the expression level of miR-34a was upregulated in diabetic rats (p=0.026), but α-L-guluronic acid was not significantly effective. Also, expression levels of miR-126 (p=0.026) and miR-125a-5p (p=0.041) were downregulated significantly in diabetic rats, after treatment with β-D-mannuronic acid and, α-L-guluronic acid respectively. these results suggest that use of miR 126 ,125a-5p and miR 34a for diagnosing diabetes is sensible, also we can consider β-D-mannuronic acid as new therapeutic agent for correct disturbance in miRNA profile of diabetic rats.
The epidemic characteristics, guidelines and policies: A compared analysis of literature between COVID-19 and SARS
Authors: Li Jing , Yang Jiayi , Wen Kaili , Lu Rong , Du Xiaoliang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: COVID-19 broke out in Wuhan, and rapidly spread to other province of China and other countries. To understand epidemic characteristics, guidelines and policiesof COVID-19 compared to SARS, and further explore the gap of health system facing with major outbreaks for improvement in China. Methods: A systematic review was performed using China academic literature (CNKI), Wan Fang, PubMed, medRxiv, bioRxiv,offical website of World Health Organization, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, the Hubei Province Health Commission, and Wuhan City Health Commission for literature of epidemiological and clinical characteristics, guidelines an policies of COVID-19 and SARS from 2003 to 2020. Two dataset were obtained from the National Health Commission's open data information, and daily SARS epidemic section authorized by the State Council`s Information Office.Results: The 113 related studies finally entered final analysis, among which 63 were Chinese articles. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) caused outbreak in 2002 and 2019 in China called SARS and 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Both belong to Beta Coronavirus (β-CoV). Their original cluster confirmed cases had contact history to wild animals, and clinical symptoms are similar. However, COVID-19 has a high human-to-human transmission capability, and more rapidly spread from Hubei province (97.9% cases) across China and over the world. R0 was estimated around 2.2 (1.4-3.8), and incubation period of COVID-19 is 1-14 days. Transmission routes predominantly have respiratory droplets, close contact and even air transmission by aerosols. A fatality rate was 2.70% (2004/74185) with the highest of 14.8% at over 80 years old, and cases mainly were males in the middle and elder ages. For prevention and control, strategies and policies consecutively were issued. Compared to those of SARS, responsiveness for COVID-19 is more prompt. Policy priorities tend to multi-sectors of cooperation, strong action to cut off source of infection (sealed Wuhan city),strengthening community prevention and mental health. Conclusions: The major gap facing with epidemic outbreak exists in the weak health system especially public health system, although we already made a great progress and improvement in our preventive awareness. Therefore, we forcefully appeal to a strong public health system by government for continuous investment and improvement. An advanced public health system stands by us in times of peace, and while fights for us during epidemic outbreak period.
Evolution of CT Manifestations of 105 novel coronavirus pneumonia&nbsp;patients in Wuhan, China
Authors: Guan Hanxiong , Zhou Shuchang , Zhu Tingting , Xia Liming , Wang Yujin , Pan Yueying 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to observe the chest HRCT manifestation evolution of the 105 patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2.Methods: 105 confirmed patients were enrolled from January 11, 2020 to February 9, 2020. Chest HRCT were performed. The number of affected lung lobes, lesion shape, density, range, and dynamic changes of various lesions in each CT examination of each patient were recorded to comprehensively evaluate whether it is improved. Results: CT images of 105 confirmed patients were collected. The patients underwent 2-7 chest CT examinations. M/F ratio: 49/56. The age range was 23-72 y, and the mean age was 48.6±13.1 y. The patients' chest CT examinations were divided into 5 groups according to the re-examination interval, group A (25 cases): ≤3 days, group B (70 cases): 4-7 days, group C (75 cases): 8-14 days, group D (29 cases): 15-21 days, group E (4 cases):> 21 days. There was significant difference in the improvement and progress rates between group B and C. Furthermore, the changes of ground glass nodules (GGO), consolidation and cord lesions in each group were recorded.Conclusions: The chest CT manifestations of the patients changed rapidly, and the re-examination of 7-14 days was of great significance in evaluating the prognosis of patients while minimizing the radiation dose.