bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PATTERNS AND DETERMINANTS OF POLYSUBSTANCE USE AMONG RETIRED POPULATION IN A U.S. NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE
Authors: Ou Tzung-Shiang , Hu Yi-Han , Lin Hsien-Chang , Wong Su-Wei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Polysubstance use in the U.S. has been a public health concern. The prevalence of substance use among middle-aged and older adults is predicted to increase by 50% by 2020. Previous studies revealed retirement could serve as a risk factor for substance use as this population was known to be more susceptible to mental health issues. However, patterns and determinants of polysubstance use among retired population remained understudied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the patterns and determinants of polysubstance use among retired adults aged 50 and older. This study extracted 3,019 retired participants from the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health study. Polysubstance use was defined as the use of two or more substances, including alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and painkiller misuse, in the past month. Weighted multinomial logistic regression model was conducted to examine the associations between utilization of mental health treatment and poly-use of substances. The findings suggested 52.0% of retired adults used at least one substance in the past month, where 17.0% used substances concurrently; 15% co-used alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana; 8.6% co-used tobacco and marijuana. Females were less likely to poly-use substances (RRR=0.37, p&lt;.001) than males. Those who had received mental health treatment in the past year were more likely to co-use more than two substances in relative to substance non-users in the past month (RRR=1.71, p&lt;.05). Retirement plan incorporating behavioral intervention and early detection of mental health issues are warranted to reduce polysubstance use among the retired population in the U.S.
AGING ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE: RESEARCH COLLECTIONS AVAILABLE FROM THE NATIONAL ARCHIVE OF COMPUTERIZED DATA ON AGING
Authors: McNally James , Lavender Kathryn 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The creation and maintenance of sustainable data archives can be challenging but it offers clear advantage. Properly curated data can be used by multiple researchers, testing a variety of hypotheses and increasing the return on investment to the expensive process of data collection. Having an internally managed archival system also provides greater control and autonomy in the equitable distribution of data resources, insuring all researchers have full use of the data for original research, teaching and new directions once the data leaves the control of the local investigator’s control. This poster reviews the advantages of having a local strategy geared toward the preservation and sharing of gerontological research data. Using the National Archive of Computerized Data on Aging (NACDA) as a working example, the poster offers an overview of collections at NACDA. Using our metadata tools and variable search database, NACDA can identify studies in its collections that examine aspects of aging and health among adults during their lifecourse. Many of the studies are longitudinal or repeat measure cross-sectional studies. We are also able to identify studies which focus on aging that are not maintained by NACDA but which are available to interested researchers. Using a strategy of archival preservation combined with a strong focus on productive research and outreach, NACDA has amassed data and metadata covering a wide array of studies worldwide that address the aging lifecourse. Because our collections are multinational, we share these data at no cost to interested users worldwide
PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES AND COGNITIVE CHANGES AMONG OLD-OLD ADULTS: RESULTS FROM 3-YEAR FOLLOW-UP PERIOD
Authors: Ishioka Yoshiko L , Takayama Midori , Sugawara Ikuko 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The association between activity engagement and late-life cognitive function is considered to depend on the characteristics of the activity, the cognitive processes it involves, and the life stage of participants. A better understanding of this association is required to comprehend cognitive function in old age. The present study examined the association between baseline activity engagement and cognitive changes across a 3-year period among old-old adults. We extracted data for 873 Japanese community-dwelling participants from data of the Keio-Kawasaki Aging Study. We assessed cognitive performance thrice (at baseline, 1.5-year follow-up, and 3-year follow-up) using a short version of the Mini-Mental Status Examination. For the subsequent analyses, we used three measures of cognitive function: total score, orientation, and concentration, which showed diverse individual differences. We measured the frequency of physical activity and social group participation at baseline. Using conditional latent growth curve models, we examined which baseline activity was associated with the three measures of cognitive function over 3 years. Greater physical activity was significantly related to higher rate of orientation, after adjusting for age and education (β = −.261, p &lt; .001). Social activity was significantly related to rates of higher total cognitive score (β = −.276, p &lt; .001) and higher orientation (β = −.207, p &lt; .001). These findings suggest that the association between activity engagement and late-life cognitive function among old-old adults varies by activity type and cognitive domain.
LEISURE, LONGITUDINALLY: PARTNER DISAGREEMENTS ABOUT LEISURE DECREASE OVER THE LIFE COURSE
Authors: Naar Jill Juris , Turner Shelbie 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Leisure is a major context within which older couples interact, and researchers have recently called for more longitudinal data analysis exploring how leisure-related couple interactions change over the life course. Several waves of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study include a single-item question asking respondents how much they disagree with their spouse or partner about leisure activities. Given the longitudinal nature of MIDUS, the variable offers great utility to explore shifts in leisure-related couple interactions over the life course. Utilizing longitudinal data from Wave 1 (1995-1997), 2 (2004-2006), and 3 (2013-2015) of the MIDUS study, we explored how leisure-related partner disagreement changed with increased age (age range = 20-93). We first ran an unconditional multilevel model, which revealed that 68% of the variation in leisure-related spousal disagreement was attributed to within-person differences over time, justifying our analysis of longitudinal within-person change. An age-based growth curve model then revealed that leisure-related partner disagreements decreased linearly over the life course (Estimate = -0.01, SE = 0.001, p&lt;.0001). Men reported more leisure-related partner disagreements than women at age 20 (p = 0.002). But men’s reported disagreements decreased over the life course at a faster rate than did women’s reported disagreements (p = 0.03), so that from ages 70-93, men reported less disagreements than women. To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study to explore leisure-related couple disagreements over an extended period of time (20 years). The significance of our results sheds light on the value of longitudinal research on leisure.
RETROSPECTIVE LIFE HISTORY SURVEY REVEALED AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY BUMP
Authors: Larkina Marina , Meister Lindsey , Smith Jacqui 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The reminiscence bump is a well-documented autobiographical memory phenomenon characterized by middle-aged and older adults reporting a disproportionate number of memories from adolescence and early adulthood (Rubin, Wetzler, & Nebes, 1986). It is typically assessed through either cue word or important memory techniques. The Life History Mail Survey (LHMS) in the Health and Retirement Study affords unique data to investigate this phenomenon among a representative US sample of older adults. At the beginning of the LHMS, participants (N=3088, M age=70, range 50-107) completed a calendar noting the important things that happened to them in seven life decades, starting with ages 0-9 and ending by ages 70-79 (or their actual age). For each life period, we coded the number of events respondents reported. We observed significantly more memories reported for the age decade 20-29, compared with other life periods (80% vs 47-66%). Our results are consistent with previous findings in the autobiographical memory literature. Follow-up analyses evaluated existing theoretical accounts of the bump, such as cultural life script theory which suggests that life events occur in a specific order and are characterized by a prototypical life course. For example, we determined whether respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics, such as age cohort, gender, marital and educational histories (information available in LHMS) influenced the size and temporal location of the reminiscence bump. We also analyzed the content of reported important life events to investigate whether types of events included in each decade of life are consistent with the cultural life script account of the phenomenon.
CLINICIAN PERCEPTIONS OF SOCIAL WORKERS AND COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS IN PRACTICES CARING FOR FRAIL ELDERS
Authors: Berrett-Abebe Julie , Donelan Karen , Auerbach David I , Maramaldi Peter , Berkman Barbara 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Social workers (SW) and community health workers (CHW) have emerged as key workforce personnel in efforts to care for elders in the U.S. However, little is known about the presence and roles of these professionals in outpatient practices. This paper presents findings from a nationally representative survey of geriatrics and primary care practices. Key findings include: reported challenges in meeting the social service needs of elders, underutilization of SW, and fuller utilization of social work competencies in practices in which both SW and CHW were present. These findings offer a unique perspective of SW on interprofessional teams and have implications for the future of the profession.
EARLY-LIFE ADVERSITY AND ADULT MENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL HEALTH OUTCOMES: AN INTERSECTIONAL APPROACH
Authors: Lee Chioun , Harari Lexi , Coons Jennifer 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
There is much research confirming the link between experiencing early life adversities (ELAs) and adverse health outcomes in adulthood. Further, experiencing co-occurring ELAs rather than one ELA appears to be the rule rather than the exception, and leads to poorer health outcomes. However, information on how ELAs cluster and differentially harm the health of different intersectional groups is lacking. The stress process model suggests that intersectional configurations of race and gender are differentially exposed to ELAs and as a result, some groups suffer worse outcomes than others. We examine the risks of experiencing different clusters of ELAs—low childhood socioeconomic status (SES), family instability, and child abuse—among four intersectional groups (white men, white women, Black men, Black women). We also investigate whether experiencing these ELAs is responsible for the association between having a particular racial and gender configuration and adverse mental and behavioral health outcomes. Data come from a subsample of the Midlife in the U.S. Study (n = 2,076). Black men and women have the highest risk of experiencing all three ELA configurations. Men, regardless of race, have a higher risk of experiencing low SES while women are more vulnerable to low SES/family instability and all three ELAs. Black men and women appear to suffer the worst mental health outcomes, while Black and white men experience more drug/alcohol abuse than their female counterparts. ELAs, especially the co-occurrence of all three ELAs, partially mediate most of these associations, but more so for women than men.
WAR COHORT DIFFERENCES IN MILITARY SERVICE APPRAISALS AND HOMECOMING EXPERIENCES
Authors: Lee Dylan , Choun Soyoung , Kurth Maria , Lee Hyunyup , Aldwin Carolyn M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Nearly all the research on appraisals of military service and homecoming experiences have been done on World War II veterans. However, Spiro et al. (2016) hypothesized that there were war cohort differences in military experiences that could affect life-long adaptation. For example, Boscarino et al. (2018) found that Vietnam veterans reported less welcoming homecoming experiences than OEF/OIF/OND veterans. We examined war cohort differences among OEF/OIF/OND, Persian Gulf, and Vietnam combat veterans in military service appraisals and homecoming experiences. We used pilot data from Veterans Aging: Longitudinal studies in Oregon (VALOR) from an online survey. The sample included male and female combat veterans (Mage = 58.1, SD = 12.0, range = 35-83, 30.5% female): 39 from the OEF/OIF/OND, 68 from the Persian Gulf War, and 60 from the Vietnam War cohorts. Comparable to earlier studies (e.g., Aldwin et al., 1994), combat veterans were surprisingly much more likely to endorse desirable appraisals than the undesirable ones, with each of the 14 desirable appraisals endorsed by over 90% of the veterans. Fewer endorsed the undesirable experience items; the most common was separation from loved ones and loss of friends. Most also reported positive homecoming experiences. Contrary to expectations, ANOVAs revealed that there were no significant differences in appraisals of desirable and undesirable military service experiences, nor in homecoming experiences among the war cohorts. In this small sample, military experiences were perceived similarly among combat veterans despite differences in wartime experiences. Most felt that positive experiences resulted from their desirable military service.
COHORT DIFFERENCES IN CHANGES IN LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG OLDER JAPANESE
Authors: Nakagawa Takeshi , Kobayashi Erika 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Life span research has been interested in how sociocultural contexts shape individual development and aging processes. Empirical studies have reported that later cohorts show higher levels of well-being. However, more recent studies indicate that cohort differences are not sustained in very late life. The present study examined whether cohort differences in well-being, as measured by life satisfaction, are observed in the young-old and old-old, and further explored potential determinants of cohort differences. Using longitudinal data from a nationally representative study of older Japanese, conducted from 1987—2002, we compared earlier- and later-born cohorts in the young-old (N = 874; age 60—65; year of birth: 1922—1927 and 1931—1936) and old-old (N = 1,022; age 70—80; year of birth: 1907—1917 and 1919—1929), respectively. To control for covariates, we used case-matched groups based on age and gender. Results revealed that later cohorts exhibited higher levels of life satisfaction in both age groups. In the young-old, life satisfaction declined across cohorts. In the old-old, life satisfaction remained stable among earlier cohorts but declined among later cohorts. Socioeconomic, social, and health factors at the individual level and methodological factors (i.e., number of observations) did not fully explain the cohort differences in both age groups. Our results suggest that historical increases in levels of well-being are observed in late life, but that these improvements do not hold in very late life. Future studies should consider potential societal factors behind observed cohort differences in well-being.
THE NATURE OF PEER WORKPLACE INCIVILITY AND BULLYING AMONG RESIDENTIAL CARE AIDES IN LONG-TERM CARE
Authors: Cooke Heather A , Murray Kaitlin , Baumbusch Jennifer , Kelly Lisa 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Residential care aides (RCAs; unregulated workers also known as certified nursing assistants or personal care assistants) provide much of the hands-on care in long-term residential care (LTRC). While many RCAs report being exposed to violent or aggressive acts from residents, we know little about their exposure to incivility and bullying from their colleagues. This is a significant knowledge gap as increased workplace incivility and bullying is associated with specific gender-dominated fields, hierarchical and stressful work environments, and low job autonomy, all of which characterize LTRC. Drawing on data from a critical ethnography examining workplace incivility and bullying among RCAs in a rural, not-for-profit care home, this presentation explores the types of incivility and bullying encountered by RCAs, and the contextual factors impacting their experiences with such behaviors. To date, more than 50 hours of participant observation, and 20 in-depth interviews with RCAs, licensed practical nurses, support staff, and management have been conducted. Findings illustrate the pervasiveness of incivility; while bullying acts (repeated, hostile behaviors intended to undermine, humiliate or injure) were rare, incivility (low-intensity acts with an ambiguous intent to harm) was an almost daily occurrence. Commonly-occurring behaviors included ignoring and refusing co-worker’s requests for help, social exclusion, acting impatient with, blaming and criticizing co-workers, and insisting on getting one’s own way. Chronic staffing shortages, staffing arrangements, and workload issues exacerbated RCAs’ experiences. Findings provide an important first step in understanding the nature of workplace incivility and bullying in LTRC.
PROFESSIONAL STAFFING AND ROLES IN CARE TEAMS SERVING FRAIL ELDERS LIVING IN THE COMMUNITY: 22 SITE VISITS
Authors: Roberge Barbara , Michael Carie , Auerbach David I , Maramaldi Peter , Donelan Karen 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In 2017, as part of a study to understand the evolving roles of nurses, physicians and social workers in leading and working in teams, our interprofessional team explored 22 sites of care for frail elderly adults in five US regions (Chicago IL, Denver CO, Tampa/Orlando FL, San Diego CA, New England).. The purpose of these site visits was to understand the current range of models of care for frail elders living in community, the roles of health professionals within those care models, and to inform national measure development. We selected regions based on elder population density, scope of NP practice, and screened over 100 sites to identify physician, nurse and social work led teams. We included general primary care, PACE, academic geriatrics, home based primary care, assisted living, FQCHC, palliative care, mobile health. We interviewed 108 key informants. We found considerable variation in staffing/elders within each site type.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AMONG HIGH-MEDICAID NURSING HOMES
Authors: Weech-Maldonado Robert , Ghiasi Akbar , Davlyatov Ganisher K , Lord Justin C , Banaszak-Holl Jane 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study examines the relationship between organizational culture and financial performance of high Medicaid census (70% or higher) nursing homes (NHs). Based on the Competing Values Framework, there are four types of organizational culture: clan culture (friendly working environment); adhocracy culture (dynamic/creative working environment); market culture (results-based organization); and hierarchy culture (formalized/structured work environment). This study used facility survey data from approximately 324 nursing home administrators (30% response rate) from 2017- 2018, merged with secondary data from LTCFocus, Area Health Resource File, and Medicare Cost Reports. The dependent variable consisted of the operating margin, while the independent variable comprised type of organizational culture. Control variables were organizational (ownership, chain affiliation, size, occupancy rate, and payer mix), and county-level factors (Medicare Advantage penetration, income, education, unemployment rate, poverty, and competition). Multivariable regression was used to model the relationship between organizational culture type and financial performance. Regression results show that compared to a market culture, a hierarchy culture was associated with an 11.8 % lower operating margin, a clan culture with a 10.6% lower operating margin, and a non-dominant culture with 11.4% lower operating margin. Organizational culture is associated with financial performance among high Medicaid facilities, with market cultures outperforming other organizational cultures. Given increasing competition in the nursing home market and declining resources for high Medicaid nursing homes, facilities with a more external orientation and focus on results may be able to perform better financially. Future research should examine the effect of organizational culture on quality of care.
SUPPORTING NURSING HOME STAFF THROUGH PERSON-CENTERED CARE PRACTICES
Authors: White Diana , Dys Sarah , Winfree Jaclyn , Hasworth Serena , Tunalilar Ozcan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Policies and practices have increasingly focused on person-centered care (PCC) to improve quality of life for long-term care residents and staff. Adequate staffing has been a consistent barrier to implementing and sustaining PCC practices. The purpose of this paper is to explore the association between job satisfaction and PCC practices. This research was conducted in a stratified random sample of 33 Oregon nursing homes which were representative in terms of quality, profit/nonprofit ownership, and urban/rural location. Data were collected from 415 staff who completed the staff assessment of person-directed care, direct care worker job satisfaction scale, turnover intention, and organizational belongingness. Consistent with other research, job satisfaction is significantly and negatively correlated with turnover intention (r=-.66) and positively associated with belongingness (r=.66). It is also significantly correlated with scales related to five PCC practices: personhood, autonomy, knowing the person, individualized care, and relationships. Regression analyses examined how these five aspects of PCC practices were associated with 1) job satisfaction and 2) number of deficiencies. Perceptions of practices to support autonomy, personhood, and relationships were associated with higher ratings of job satisfaction among staff. In general, those reporting these practices were in place at least half of the time or with at least half of the residents, showed significantly greater positive associations with job satisfaction (p&lt;.05). Only lower staff reports of autonomy practices were associated with higher deficiencies (p&lt;.05). Findings from this research suggest that supporting PCC practices benefit staff through increased job satisfaction and potentially reduced turnover.