bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Variations in the Altitude of the CH4 Homopause at Jupiter’s Mid-to-high Latitudes, as Constrained from IRTF-TEXES Spectra
Authors: Sinclair James A. , Greathouse Thomas K. , Giles Rohini S. , Antuñano Arrate , Moses Julianne I. , Fouchet Thierry , Bézard Bruno , Tao Chihiro , Martín-Torres Javier , Clark George B. , Grodent Denis , Orton Glenn S. , Hue Vincent , Fletcher Leigh N. , Irwin Patrick G. J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We present an analysis of IRTF-TEXES spectra of Jupiter’s mid-to-high latitudes in order to test the hypothesis that the CH4 homopause altitude is higher in Jupiter’s auroral regions compared to elsewhere on the planet. A family of photochemical models, based on Moses & Poppe (2017), were computed with a range of CH4 homopause altitudes. Adopting each model in turn, the observed TEXES spectra of H2 S(1), CH4, and CH3 emission measured on 2019 April 16 and August 20 were inverted, the vertical temperature profile was allowed to vary, and the quality of the fit to the spectra was used to discriminate between models. At latitudes equatorward of Jupiter’s main auroral ovals (>62°S, <54°N, planetocentric), the observations were adequately fit assuming a homopause altitude lower than ∼360 km (above 1 bar). At 62°N, inside the main auroral oval, we derived a CH4 homopause altitude of

km, whereas outside the main oval at the same latitude, a 1σ upper limit of 370 km was derived. Our interpretation is that a portion of energy from the magnetosphere is deposited as heat within the main oval, which drives vertical winds and/or higher rates of turbulence and transports CH4 and its photochemical by-products to higher altitudes. Inside the northern main auroral oval, a factor of ∼3 increase in CH3 abundance was also required to fit the spectra. This could be due to uncertainties in the photochemical modeling or an additional source of CH3 production in Jupiter’s auroral regions.
Subtype distribution and molecular characterization of Blastocystis from hemodialysis patients in Turkey
Authors: Gulhan Baris , Aydin Merve , Demirkazik Mehtap , Koltas Ismail Soner , Cikman Aytekin , Turkmen Kultigin , Duran Tugce 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the Blastocystis prevalence and subtypes in hemodialysis patients in Turkey.
Methodology: Eighty-four patients diagnosed with end-stage renal failure who were undergoing hemodialysis and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Blastocystis presence was investigated by native-Lugol, trichrome staining, PCR using STS primers, and DNA sequencing analysis.
Results: Among the stool samples from the hemodialysis patients, 9.52% (8/84) were found to be Blastocystis-positive with the native-Lugol and trichrome staining. Seven of the eight Blastocystis isolates were subtyped using STS primers. Blastocystis subtype distribution was as follows: one had ST1, two had ST2, two had ST3, two had ST3+ST6, and one was not subtyped. Blastocystis positivity was detected in two healthy control (2/20, %10), one subject had ST1, and the other was not subtyped. All subtypes identified by PCR were confirmed by the sequencing analysis. In the two samples that had mixed subtypes (ST3+ST6) when using the STS primers, only ST3 was detected in the sequencing analysis. Although some patients have multiple symptoms, the most common symptoms in Blastocystis positive patients were bloating (5/8), diarrhea (4/8), nausea and vomiting (2/8), and gas and weight loss (1/8). Also, only one patient had Giardia intestinalis.
Conclusions: This was the first study to determine the Blastocystis subtypes in hemodialysis patients. A rare subtype, ST6, was identified in two of the patients. Thus, the ST6 infections were attributable to transmission from poultry infections. The presence of this unusual subtype suggests the need for further extensive studies of hemodialysis patients.
Molecular epidemiology of zygomycosis and their related factors in tertiary referral centers in southern Iran
Authors: Badiee Parisa , Jafarian Hadis , Ghasemi Fatemeh 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: For the best management of the zygomycosis in immunocompromised patients, the present study aims to detect and identify the etiologic agents by DNA sequencing method and their related factors in clinical samples of patients.
Methodology: Clinical samples from 1,058 patients admitted in 11 university hospitals in Shiraz, Southern Iran were collected between July 2015 and July 2018. All samples (bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum, blood, tissue) were examined by routine microscopic and culture tests for zygomycetes. The etiologic agents were identified by the molecular method and sequencing.
Results: Direct microscopic examinations or pathology smear, culture, and PCR were positive in 61 (5.8%), 15 (1.4%), and 103 (9.7%) patients, respectively. According to EORTC/MSG criteria, the rates of proven, probable, and possible zygomycosis were 59.2% (61/103), 14.6% (15/103), and 26.2% (27/103 patients), respectively. The most prevalent etiologic agents according to sequencing were Rhizopus oryzae (44 cases), Rhizopus microsporus (31 cases), Rhizopus stolonifer (15 cases). Twenty-two patients (21.4%) with positive PCR died. There were significant relations between zygomycosis and the underlying disease (p = 0.043) and prior antifungal therapy (p = 0.023). White blood cell count was in the normal range in 14.1% of patients, and the means of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C reactive protein (CRP) were 65 mm/hour and 57 mg/L, respectively.
Conclusions: Molecular methods and sequencing may have considered as suitable tools to diagnose zygomycosis. Identification of the etiologic agents may be considered as the future antifungal therapy and management of the respective patients.
Clinical features and laboratory characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19: single centre report from Egypt
Authors: El Kassas Mohamed , Asem Noha , Abdelazeem Amr , Madkour Ahmad , Sayed Hamdy , Tawheed Ahmed , Al Shafie Ahmed , Gamal Mahmoud , Elsayed Hassan , Badr Mohamed , Hassany Mohamed , Omran Dalia , El Fouly Amr 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The recently discovered novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has emerged in Wuhan, China, since January 2020. Egypt reported a low incidence of infection when compared with other countries. The aim of the study was to assess the characterization of COVID-19 infection among the Egyptian population.
Methodology: Data were collected from a single COVID-19 quarantine hospital in Cairo. A total number of 195 cases were included with their clinical, laboratory, and radiological data.
Results: Three different age groups behaved differently for COVD-19 infection. The pediatric age group was asymptomatic entirely, the middle age group (18-50 years) were asymptomatic in 53.3% of cases, while 77.9% of those above 50 years were symptomatic (p ≤ 0.001). The latter group had a high incidence of COVID-pneumonia in (83.1%), and moderate to critical presentations were encountered in 66.3% of them. Neutrophil to lymphocyte (N/L) ratio correlated directly with the age and case severity. C-reactive protein (CRP) and computed tomography scan chest (CT-chest) had added value on COVID-19 diagnosis in suspected cases.
Conclusions: In Egypt, patients above 50 years are at a higher risk for symptomatic COVID-19 infection and leaner for moderate to critical COVID-19 presentation. The triad of CT-chest, CRP, and N/L ratio could be an integrated panel for assessing disease severity.
Prevalence, multidrug-resistance and risk factors for AmpC β-lactamases producing Escherichia coli from hospitalized patients
Authors: Bala Rosy , Singh Varsha A , Gupta Nitin , Rakshit Pue 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Multi-drug resistance among AmpC β-lactamases producing Escherichia coli isolates is alarming. The study aimed to know the prevalence and presumptive antibiogram of AmpC producing Escherichia coli isolates and to determine the associated risk factors.
Methodology: Escherichia coli isolated from various clinical specimens from hospitalized patients during the study period (January 2018- December 2018) were taken for the study. Standard biochemical reactions were used for organism identification. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer method as per CLSI guidelines. Cefoxitin resistance was taken as screening tool to detect AmpC producing strains. The phenotypic confirmation was done using modified three-dimensional test. Multiplex PCR was used to detect pAmpC.
Results: A total non-duplicate consecutive 470 Escherichia coli were isolated from various clinical specimens of hospitalized patients during the study period. Cefoxitin resistance was observed in 51.9% (244/470). Modified three dimensional test was positive in 115/244 (47.1%) strains. Genotypic characterization of phenotypic positive AmpC strains showed presence of CIT and DHA genes among 33/115 and 19/115 isolates respectively. The overall prevalence of pAmpC producing E. coli was found to be 52/470 (11.1%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 42/52 (80.7%) pAmpC strains. Antimicrobial use, prolonged hospitalization and interventions were associated risk factors for AmpC producing isolates.
Conclusions: A high prevalence of multidrug resistance among AmpC producing strains suggests plasmid mediated spread of drug resistance in E. coli. Every hospital should formulate and implement infection control policies at-least for the risk group patients to control the dissemination of such microbes as infection prevention is better than infection control.
COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen: A questionnaire based survey, what do we know?
Authors: Dhabaan Ghulam , Chahin Abdullah , Buhaish Abdulrahman , Shorman Mahmoud 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently one of the most important public health crises affecting the global human population. It continues to spread widely, as the world still lacks specific treatments and a vaccine for the virus. The scenario of COVID-19 in Yemen seems obscure due to the lack of adequate data, therefore, we developed an electronic questionnaire and distributed it online among Yemeni people. The aim of this study was to understand the COVID-19 epidemiological situation in Yemen better since there is currently limited published data and limited availability of COVID-19 testing.
Methodology: A 34-question web-based survey was distributed on social media outlets targeting people in Yemen. Data aggregation, analysis, and visualization were performed using Tableau and Microsoft Excel.
Results: 2,341 individuals reported symptoms concerning for COVID-19 infection, with 25.4% reporting a chronic medical condition. Diabetes, hypertension, asthma, and immune deficiency were associated with increased severity of the disease, while obesity, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and liver disease were not. Only 37 individuals (1.6%) had a confirmatory COVID-19 PCR test. The presence of high fever, dyspnea, chest pain, and dysphagia were symptoms that tended to be correlated to worse clinical outcomes.
Conclusions: This study provides some important information about the early overspread of COVID-19 within the Yemeni community in May, June, and July of 2020. It shows that online questionnaires may help in collecting data about pandemics in resource-limited countries where testing availability is limited.
Effective and Safe Stimulation of Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity by Intradermal Immunization with a Cyclic Dinucleotide/Nanoparticle Combination Adjuvant
Authors: Hernandez-Franco Juan F , Mosley Yung-Yi C , Franco Jackeline , Ragland Darryl , Yao Yuan , HogenEsch Harm 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Intradermal (ID) immunization is an attractive route of vaccination because it targets tissue rich in dendritic cells, has dose-sparing potential, and allows needle-free delivery. However, few adjuvants are effective, nonreactogenic, and compatible with needle-free delivery devices. In this study, we demonstrate that a combination adjuvant composed of cyclic-di-AMP (cdAMP) and the plant-derived nanoparticle adjuvant Nano-11 significantly enhanced the immune response to ID-injected vaccines in mice and pigs with minimal local reaction at the injection site. The cdAMP/Nano-11 combination adjuvant increased Ag uptake by lymph node–resident and migratory skin dendritic cell subpopulations, including Langerhans cells. ID immunization with cdAMP/Nano-11 expanded the population of germinal center B cells and follicular helper T cells in the draining lymph node and Ag-specific Th1 and Th17 cells in the spleen. It elicited an enhanced immune response with a significant increase of IgG1 and IgG2a responses in mice at a reduced dose compared with i.m. immunization. An increased IgG response was observed following needle-free ID immunization of pigs. Nano-11 and cdAMP demonstrated a strong synergistic interaction, as shown in the activation of mouse, human, and porcine APC, with increased expression of costimulatory molecules and secretion of TNF and IL-1β. The combination adjuvant induced robust activation of both NF-κB and IFN regulatory factor signaling pathways and the NLRP3 inflammasome. We conclude that the combination of Nano-11 and cdAMP is a promising adjuvant for ID delivery of vaccines that supports a balanced immune response.
Athletic Trainers' Knowledge Regarding Health Care Delivery Systems and Administration in the American Health Care System
Authors: Eberman Lindsey E. , Winkelmann Zachary K. , Edler Jessica R. , Neil Elizabeth R. 
Published: December 2020

Context
The American health care system is dynamic and ever evolving. As athletic training continues to advance, our understanding of and the ability to integrate best practices in policy construction and implementation, documentation, and basic business practices is critical to promoting optimal patient care.

Objective
To identify and compare knowledge gaps of clinicians and educators regarding health care delivery systems and administration.

Design and Setting
Cross-sectional, Web-based survey.

Patients or Other Participants
Athletic trainers (N = 485), representative of the national demographic of the profession (age = 37 ± 12 years, experience = 14 ± 11 years).

Intervention(s)
We used a multi-part assessment including a perceived knowledge questionnaire, validated knowledge assessment (21 items: knowledge retrieval [11 items], knowledge utilization [10 items]), and self-efficacy scales.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
We calculated the knowledge assessment total score and compared educators (n = 41) and clinicians (n = 444). We calculated the knowledge gap with a Spearman ρ correlation to determine the relationship between perceived knowledge mean and the knowledge retrieval subscore. We calculated the practice gap with a Spearman ρ correlation to determine the relationship between self-efficacy mean and the knowledge utilization subscore.

Results
Athletic trainers scored less than 50% on a knowledge assessment (mean = 10.27 ± 2.41 of 21) about health care delivery systems and administration. We identified that educators scored approximately 1 point higher (11.65 ± 0.4) than clinicians (10.14 ± 0.11), equivalent to 7% to 10% higher on the knowledge assessment. We identified, relative to health care delivery systems and administration, a knowledge gap (Spearman ρ = .161, P &lt; .001) between perceived knowledge and knowledge retrieval and a practice gap (Spearman ρ = .095, P = .037) between self-efficacy and knowledge utilization.

Conclusions
Athletic trainers demonstrated knowledge and practice gaps related to health care delivery systems and administration. To meet the expectations of the practice analysis and the needs of patients in today's American health care system, we must engage in professional development in this domain of practice.
Acute kidney injury is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in a general medical ward
Authors: Chandiraseharan Vignesh Kumar , Kalimuthu Murugabharathy , Prakash Turaka Vijay , George Tina , Rajenesh Ashwin , Jayaseelan Visalakshi , Sudarsanam Thambu David 
Published: December 2020

Background & objectives:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been identified as an independent risk factor for mortality in intensive care units. This retrospective study was conducted to determine the effect of AKI on in-hospital mortality in a general medical ward of a tertiary care hospital and risk factors for mortality in patients with AKI.

Methods:
Demographic and clinical details, and outcome data were collected from case records of patients. In all hospitalized patients, factors associated with increased in-hospital mortality, such as AKI, inotrope requirement, mechanical ventilation and primary disease were compared between patients who died during their hospital stay and those who were discharged alive. Among the hospitalized patients, who had AKI, likely predictors of in-hospital mortality were compared between dead and alive patients at discharge. Factors that were significant in univariate analysis were tested by multivariate regression analysis to identify those that independently predicted poor outcomes.

Results:
Of the 1150 patients admitted in a general medical ward in a year, 220 patients were identified to have AKI. In-hospital mortality rate among patients with AKI was 19.09 per cent as compared to 1.8 per cent without AKI [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 5.7 (95% CI: 1.56-20.74)]. The presence of AKI was an independent risk factor for death, with an adjusted OR of 6.0 [95% CI: 1.67-21.6]. Among patients with AKI, the presence of haematological malignancy, adjusted OR 25.86 (95% CI: 1.81-369.58), requirement of inotrope, adjusted OR 126.5 (95% CI: 19.39-825.93) and serum creatinine at admission (P<0.001) were found to be independent predictors of death. The presence of underlying chronic kidney disease and hospital-acquired AKI were not found to have an association with mortality.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The study showed the in-hospital mortality rate among patients with AKI in a general medical ward was 19.09 per cent. The occurrence of AKI was an independent risk factor for death, with haematological malignancy, use of vasopressors and higher serum creatinine at admission, significantly associated with death among patients with AKI. Large prospective studies need to be done to better understand the outcomes in AKI and the ways to present and manage AKI.
EDUCAÇÃO DA FORMAÇÃO DA CIDADANIA
Authors: Marinho Neide F. 
Published: December 2020

A flexibilidade é um pré-requisito essencial para os professores porque cada estudante, cada ser humano, é único. Educar significa ampliar a mente das pessoas. A esse respeito, não há limites nacionais na educação; ela é completamente aberta. A educação pode e deve contribuir igualmente para toda a humanidade. Quanto mais visualizamos o futuro, mais somos compelidos a devotar nossas energias para a educação do homem como um empreendimento previdente.
O presente trabalho enfoca dois itens – educação e cidadania – que são unos. A visão holística deste trabalho abrange tecnologia, valor, sociedade, meio ambiente e trabalho todos com um único objetivo: o ser humano. Nenhum organismo, instituição ou mesom Nação não existirá se não houver o ser humano. Mesmo sendo um discurso repetitivo as ações têm sido direcionadas pelo próprio homem para sua destruição. Nas páginas seguintes, alerta-se sobre isto com uma visão enfática no valor. Estuda-se para ser feliz. Vive-se para ser feliz.
استجابة صفات محصول السمسم (Sesamum indicum L.) و مكوناته لبعض المعاملات الزراعية
Authors: Ahmed Yaser Mohammed Ali , Fadel Rakiba Mehammed Abdulla , Ahmed Zaid Othman Salem 
Published: December 2020

أُجريت تجربة حقلية في مزرعة قرية الثعلب بمحافظة لحج في الموسمين الزراعيين 2014 و2015 م لدراسة استجابة السمسم المحلي صنف (بلدي أحمر) لأربعة مواعيد زراعية هي: 15 أغسطس , 29 أغسطس , 12 سبتمبر و26 سبتمبر وأربعة مستويات من التسميد النتروجيني هي: صفر , 80 , 120 و160 (كجم N/هكتار) وثلاث كثافات نباتية هي: (133333 نبات/هكتار)، (222222 نبات/هكتار) و (250000 نبات/هكتار)، وكانت النتائج على النحو الآتي:

أثرت مواعيد الزراعة تأثيراً معنوياً على كل صفات المحصول، ومكوناته في كلا الموسمين، وقد أمكن الحصول على أكبر قيم صفات المحصول، ومكوناته عند الزراعة في الموعد المبكر (15 أغسطس) في كلا الموسمين.
أدت زيادة التسميد النتروجيني حتى (160 كجم N/هكتار) إلى زيادة معنوية في كل صفات المحصول ومكوناته في كلا الموسمين.
أدت الكثافة النباتية الأعلى (250000 نبات/هكتار) إلى زيادة معنوية في محصول البذور/هكتار، و محصول الزيت/هكتار، ومحصول البروتين الخام/هكتار.
أدت الكثافة النباتية الأدنى (133333 نبات/هكتار) إلى زيادة معنوية في عدد الكبسولات / نبات، وزن ألف بذرة، محصول البذور/نبات، نسبة الزيت في البذور % ونسبة البروتين الخام في البذور %.
أدت الكثافة النباتية الوسطى (222222 نبات/هكتار) إلى زيادة معنوية في نسبة البروتين الخام في البذور %، ومحصول البروتين الخام (طن متري/هكتار).
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ATLETIK NOMOR LOMPAT TINGGI BERBENTUK PERMAINAN UNTUK SISWA SEKOLAH MENEGAH ATAS DI SMA NEREGERI 16 KOTA BANDA ACEH TAHUN PELAJARAN 2019/2020
Authors: Lestari Indah , Jafaruddin Jafaruddin 
Published: December 2020

Kurangnya partisipasi siswa dalam mengikuti pelajaran akan menurunkan tingkat keberhasilan siswa dalam belajar oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu tindakan yang mampu melibatkan partisipasi siswa dan sekaligus dapat digunakan untuk mempermudah siswa dalam mengikuti proses pembelajaran demi tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran yang direncanakan. dengan demikian guru harus aktif dalam menciptakan suasana agar siswa lebih aktif menanggapi proses pembelajaran melalu model pembelajaran yang di buat oleh guru pendidikan jasmani tersebut baik dengan model modifikasi pembelajran.rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalahMembuat dan mengembangkan modelpembelajaranatletik nomor lompat tinggi yang berbentuk permainan yang di modifikasi untuk siswa sekolah menegah atas di SMA Negeri 16 Kota Banda Aceh tahun pelajaran 2019/2020. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka pengembangan modelpembelajaranatletik nomor lompat tinggi yang berbentuk permainan untuk siswa sekolah menegah atas di SMA Negeri 16 Kota Banda Aceh disajikan dalam bentuk model pengembangan demonstrasi, visualisasi dan simulasi sosial pada siswa.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan modelpembelajaranatletik nomor lompat tinggi yang berbentuk permainan untuk siswa sekolah menegah atas di SMA Negeri 16 Kota Banda Aceh tahun pelajaran 2019/2020.Model Pembelajaran lompat kotak termasuk dalam model pertama dalam pengembangan model pembelajaran atletik nomor lompat tinggi dalam bentuk permaianan dengan korelasi antar variabel bersih dengan model ketiga terletak pada rentanng 0.371.Model Pembelajaran lompat tali termasuk dalam model ke dua dalam pengembangan model pembelajaran atletik nomor lompat tinggi dalam bentuk permaianan dengan korelasi antar variabel bersih dengan model ketiga terletak pada rentanng 0.405Model Pembelajaran lompat gawang termasuk dalam model ke tiga dalam pengembangan model pembelajaran atletik nomor lompat tinggi dalam bentuk permaianan dengan korelasi antar variabel bersih dengan model ketiga terletak pada rentanng 0.205. Kata Kunci: Model Pembelajaran, Lompat Tinggi, Permainan