bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Hemodynamic Profile in Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Brain Injury Acquired During Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Tian Fenghua , Farhat Abdelaziz , Morriss Michael C , Tweed Jefferson , Li Xilong , Huet Beverley , Thiagarajan Ravi R. , Raman Lakshmi 
Published: June 2020

Objectives:
To describe the cerebral hemodynamic profiles associated with ischemic and hemorrhagic brain injury during neonatal and pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Design:
A retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Tertiary PICU.

Patients:
Forty-seven neonatal and pediatric patients (0–15 yr of age) placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation from January 2014 to December 2018.

Measurements and Main Results:
Continuous monitoring of mean arterial pressure and cerebral tissue oxygen saturation was conducted through entire extracorporeal membrane oxygenation run. Wavelet analysis was performed to assess changes in cerebral autoregulation and to derive pressure-dependent autoregulation curves based on the mean arterial pressure and cerebral tissue oxygen saturation data. Patients were classified into three brain injury groups: no-injury, ischemic injury, and hemorrhagic injury based on neuroimaging results. No-injury patients (n = 23) had minimal variability in the autoregulation curve over a broad range of blood pressure. Ischemic injury (n = 16) was more common than hemorrhagic injury (n = 8), and the former was associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Ischemic group showed significant abnormalities in cerebral autoregulation in the lower blood pressure range, suggesting pressure-dependent cerebral perfusion. Hemorrhagic group had highest average blood pressure as well as the lowest cerebral tissue oxygenation saturation, suggesting elevated cerebral vascular resistance. Mean heparin dose during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was lower in both ischemic and hemorrhagic groups compared with the no-injury group.

Conclusions:
This study outlines distinct differences in underlying cerebral hemodynamics associated with ischemic and hemorrhagic brain injury acquired during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Real-time monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics in patients acquiring brain injury during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can help optimize their management.
Malaria in HIV-infected patients in a nonendemic setting
Authors: Lam Elina , Hites Maya , Cantinieaux Brigitte , Van Laethem Yves , De Wit Stéphane , Martin Charlotte 
Published: June 2020

Background:
The impact of HIV infection on malaria is unclear in nonendemic areas. In endemic territories, HIV has been reported to be a risk factor for higher morbidity. Nowadays, as HIV-infected patients travel more, it is important to assess the impact of HIV at the individual level on imported malaria.

Material and methods:
This retrospective case–control study collected data on HIV-infected patients diagnosed with malaria (2000–2017) and matched them with two controls based on age, sex and ethnicity. Clinical and biological parameters were collected and compared.

Results:
We identified 47 cases and matched them with 94 controls. Comparing each of the WHO 2014 severity criteria, hyperparasitemia above 10% (P = 0.006; 12.8 versus 1.1%), icterus (P = 0.042; 14.9 versus 4.3%), acute renal failure (P = 0.022; 25.5 versus 9.6%) and bacteraemia (P = 0.014; 6.4 versus 0%) were significantly more present in HIV-infected patients with a trend to more cerebral malaria (12.8 versus 6.4%). HIV- infected patients were hospitalized more frequently and for longer periods. We observed a higher number of severity criteria when CD4+ T-cell count was lower, especially below 200 cells/μl. The difference in occurrence of severe malaria disappeared when patients with CD4+ T-cell count more than 500 cells/μl and undetectable viral load (n = 9) were compared with controls. De-novo HIV diagnosis was made during the malaria episode in 17% of cases.

Conclusion:
HIV infection has an impact on the imported malaria profile, although it is unclear whether well controlled HIV-infected patients have a higher risk of severe malaria. HIV-infected patients should be particularly targeted for pretravel advice.
Choosing Daily Labs Wisely in the Hospital: A Novel Tool for Assessing Laboratory Testing Appropriateness
Authors: Murphy Caleb J. , Duran Alisa M. , Diem Susan J. , Bowman Peterson Jill M. 
Published: June 2020

Background:
The Minnesota Lab Appropriateness (MLAB) criteria were developed for assessing appropriateness of complete blood counts (CBCs) and serum electrolyte panels (SEPs) ordered for adult inpatients.

Methods:
Two independent raters used the MLAB criteria to rate appropriateness of labs ordered during 50 hospitalizations through retrospective medical record review.

Results:
Evaluation of 208 CBCs and 253 SEPs on a 2-category scale (appropriate/inappropriate) resulted in an inappropriate lab rate of 24% and 25% for CBCs and SEPs, respectively. Using a 3-category Likert scale that included an “equivocal” rating to allow for clinical uncertainty, 17% of CBCs and 20% of SEPs were considered inappropriate. Interrater reliability was “substantial” using the dichotomous scale for both CBCs and SEPs. Using the 3-category Likert scale, reliability was “substantial” for CBCs and “moderate” for SEPs.

Conclusion:
The MLAB criteria identified inappropriate labs at a rate consistent with published figures, with good interrater reliability.
Uncommon Childhood Unilateral Cervical Giant Thymic Cyst
Authors: Aydin Ahmet Halit , Çakli Hamdi , Canaz Funda , Uzun Tankut 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cervical thymic cysts are rare and present in the first decade of life. They constitute 0.3% to 1% of congenital neck masses. Thymic tissue foci, which exist between the mandible and the mediastinum, can be found at the descent of the thymic primordium. Thymic cysts should be considered in pediatric patients who present with cervical neck masses. The diagnosis of thymic cysts can only be made by histopathologic examinations. In recent years, the number of reports of thymic cyst cases have increased, one possible cause being the heightened awareness of thymic cysts among pathologists.
Epidemiology and Pattern of Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma
Authors: Wusiman Patiguli , Maimaitituerxun Buhailiqiguli , Guli  , Saimaiti Adilijiang , Moming Adili 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
Maxillofacial trauma represents a serious public health problem and their epidemiology is extremely variable.
The objective of the present study was to analyze and discuss the epidemiological characteristics of 2492 patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma over a 5-year period.

Patients and Methods:
This retrospective study was conducted at different hospitals of Xinjiang from 2012 to 2016. Data were collected for the cause of injury, age and gender distribution, frequency and type of injury, localization and frequency of soft tissue injuries, dentoalveolar trauma, facial bone fractures, presence of associated injuries, nerve injury, different treatment protocols. All the data were analyzed using statistical analysis that is chi squared test.
Statistical analyses performed included descriptive analysis, chi square test, and logistic regression analyses.

Results:
A total of 2492 maxillofacial trauma patients were seen in 1981 patients with a male to female ratio of 3.88:1. The age group 21 to 30 years accounted for the largest subgroup in both sexes. The most common etiology of the trauma was traffic accident, accounted for 41.8%. The mandible (31.97%) was the most common site of fracture followed by the zygoma (25.3%). The common type associated injuries was limb injury (27.5%), it was followed by brain (24.5%) and eye (21.4%) injuries. The common nerve injury was the facial nerve injury, accounting for 62.9%.

Conclusion:
The incidence of oral and maxillofacial trauma is related to gender, age, and the cause of trauma. Young adults are the most likely group (P < 0.05). Maxillofacial trauma is often associated with limb, craniocerebral, and eye injuries. Traffic accident is the main cause of maxillofacial injury (P < 0.5).
Motor Cortex Function in APOE4 Carriers and Noncarriers
Authors: Yasen Alia L. , Eick Geeta N. , Sterner Kirstin N. , Christie Anita D. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose:
The ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein-E gene has been associated with disease activity including Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Individuals who possess the ε4 variant of this gene (ε4 carriers) also demonstrate higher levels of cognitive impairment and lower motor scores compared with noncarriers. The purpose of this study was to establish whether there is a difference in motor cortex function between apoε4 carriers and noncarriers. We hypothesized that carriers would have lower levels of excitability and excitatory transmitter (glutamate) and similar levels of intracortical inhibition and inhibitory neurotransmitter (gamma-aminobutyric acid) than noncarriers.

Methods:
Fifty-two participants provided saliva samples to determine apoε4 carrier status. Measures of motor cortex excitability and inhibition were obtained using transcranial magnetic stimulation, and measures of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations were obtained using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Results:
No significant differences in transcranial magnetic stimulation (P ≥ 0.19) or proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy measures (P ≥ 0.90) were found between carriers and noncarriers.

Conclusions:
The results from this study suggest that motor cortex function, as assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation measures of excitability and inhibition, and MRS measures of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter are similar in those who possess an apoε4 allele and those who do not.
Thrombotic microvascular injury is not mediated by thrombotic microangiopathy despite systemic complement activation in Covid-19 patients
Authors: De Voeght Adrien , Calmes Doriane , Beck Floran , Sylvestre Jean-Baptiste , Delvenne Philippe , Peters Pierre , Vertenoeil Gaelle , Baron Frédéric , Layios Nathalie , Canivet Jean-Luc 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHypoxemia and coagulopathy are common in severe symptomatic patients of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Histological evidence shows implication of complement activation and lung injury. We research sign of complement activation and presence of thrombotic microangiopathy in 8 severe patients. Six of them presented moderate elevation of final pathway of complement – sC5b-9 (median value : 350 ng/mL [IQR : 300,5 - 514,95 ng/mL]). Two patients have been autopsied and presence of thrombotic microvascular injury have been found. Interestingly, none the 8 patients had signs of mechanical hemolytic anemia (median value of hemoglobin : 10,5 gr/dL[IQR : 8,1 - 11,9], median value of haptoglobuline 4,49 [IQR 3,55-4,66], none of the patients has schistocyte) and thrombocytopenia (median value: 348000/mL [IQR : 266 000 - 401 000). Finally, all 8 patients had elevated d-dimer (median value : 2226 µgr/l [IQR : 1493 – 2362]) and soluble fibrin monomer complex (median value : 8.5 mg/mL, IQR[<6 – 10.6]). In summary, this study show moderate activation of complement and coagulation with presence of thrombotic microvascular injury in patients with severe COVID-19 without evidence of systemic thrombotic microangiopathy.Key pointsSevere covid-19 patients show moderate elevation of final activation of complementNo sign of Thrombotic microangiopathy is found in severe covid-19 patients
What association do political interventions, environmental and health variables have with the number of Covid-19 cases and deaths? A linear modeling approach
Authors: Walach Harald , Hockertz Stefan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and QuestionIt is unclear which variables contribute to the variance in corona-virus disease (Covid-19) related deaths and Corono-virus2 (Cov2) cases. We wanted to see which contribution public health variables make in addition to health systems, health, and population variables to explain Covid-19 cases and deathsMethodWe modelled the relationship of various predictors (health systems variables, population and population health indicators) together with variables indicating public health measures (school closures, border closures, country lockdown) in 40 European and other countries, using Generalized Linear Models and minimized information criteria to select the best fitting and most parsimonious models.ResultsWe fitted two models with log-linearly linked variables on gamma-distributed outome variables (CoV2 cases and Covid-19 related deaths, standardized on population). CoV2-cases were best predicted by number of tests (b = 2*10−7, p =.00005), life-expectancy in a country (b = 0.19, p < .000001), and border closure (b = −0.93, p = .001). Population standardized deaths were best predicted by time, the virus had been in the country (b = 0.02, p = .02), life expectancy (b = 0.2, p = .000005), smoking (b = −0.08, p = .00001), and school closures (b = 2.54, p = .0001). Model fit statistics and model adequacy were good (model 1: Chi2/DF = 0.43; model 2: Chi2/DF = 0.88).Discussion and InterpretationOnly few variables were good predictors. Of the public health variables only border closure had the potential of preventing cases and none were predictors for preventing deaths. School closures, likely as a proxy for social distancing in severely ill patients, was associated with increased deaths.ConclusionThe pandemic seems to run its autonomous course and only border closure has the potential to prevent cases. None of them contributes to preventing deaths.
A systematic review and meta-analysis reveals long and dispersive incubation period of COVID-19
Authors: Wei Yongyue , Wei Liangmin , Liu Yihan , Huang Lihong , Shen Sipeng , Zhang Ruyang , Chen Jiajin , Zhao Yang , Shen Hongbing , Chen Feng 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 remains uncertain, which has important implications for estimating transmission potential, forecasting epidemic trends, and decision-making in prevention and control.PurposeTo estimate the central tendency and dispersion for incubation period of COVID-19 and, in turn, assess the effect of a certain length of quarantine for close contacts in active monitoring.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, medRxiv, bioRxiv, and arXiv, searched up to April 26, 2020Study SelectionCOVID-19 studies that described either individual-level incubation period data or summarized statistics for central tendency and dispersion measures of incubation period were recruited.Data ExtractionFrom each recruited study, either individual-level incubation period data or summarized statistics for central tendency and dispersion measures were extracted, as well as population characteristics including sample size, average age, and male proportion.Data SynthesisFifty-six studies encompassing 4 095 cases were included in this meta-analysis. The estimated median incubation period for general transmissions was 5.8 days [95% confidence interval (95%CI), 5.3 to 6.2 d]. Median and dispersion were higher for SARS-CoV-2 incubation compared to other viral respiratory infections. Furthermore, about 20 in 10 000 contacts in active monitoring would develop symptoms after 14 days, or below 1 in 10 000 for young-age infections or asymptomatic transmissions.LimitationSmall sample sizes for subgroups; some data were possibly used repeatedly in different studies; limited studies for outside mainland China; non-negligible intra-study heterogeneity.ConclusionThe long, dispersive incubation period of SARS-CoV-2 contributes to the global spread of COVID-19. Yet, a 14-day quarantine period is sufficient to trace and identify symptomatic infections, which while could be justified according to a better understanding of the crucial parameters.
Draft genome sequence of the pulse crop blackgram [Vigna mungo(L.) Hepper] reveals potential R-genes
Authors: Souframanien J , Raizada Avi , Dhanasekar Punniyamoorthy , Suprasanna Penna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBlackgram [Vigna mungo(L.) Hepper] (2n = 2x = 22), an important Asiatic legume crop, is a major source of dietary protein for the predominantly vegetarian population. Here we construct a draft genome sequence of blackgram, for the first time, by employing hybrid genome assembly with Illumina reads and third generation Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology. The finalde novowhole genome of blackgram is ~ 475 Mb (82 % of the genome) and has maximum scaffold length of 6.3 Mb with scaffold N50 of1.42 Mb. Genome analysis identified 18655 genes with mean coding sequence length of 970bp. Around 96.7 % of predicted genes were annotated. Nearly half of the assembled sequence is composed of repetitive elements with retrotransposons as major (47.3% of genome) transposable elements, whereas, DNA transposons made up only 2.29% of the genome. A total of 166014 SSRs, including 65180 compound SSRs, were identified and primer pairs for 34816 SSRs were designed. Out of the 18665 proteins, 678 proteins showed presence of R-gene related domains. KIN class was found in majority of the proteins (372) followed by RLK (79) and N (79). The genome sequence of blackgram will facilitate identification of agronomically important genes and accelerate the genetic improvement of blackgram.
Health and Economic Costs of Early, Delayed and No Suppression of COVID-19: The Case of Australia
Authors: Kompas Tom , Grafton R. Quentin , Che Tuong Nhu , Chu Long , Camac James 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe compare the health and economic costs of early (actual), delayed and no suppression of COVID-19 infections in 2020 in Australia. Using a fit-for-purpose compartment model that we fitted from recorded data, a value of a statistical life year (VSLY) and an age-adjusted value of statistical life (A-VSL), we find: (1) the economic costs of no suppression are multiples more than for early suppression; (2) VSLY welfare losses of fatalities equivalent to GDP losses mean that for early suppression to not to be the preferred strategy requires that Australians prefer more than 12,500–30,000 deaths to the economy costs of early suppression, depending on the fatality rate; and (3) early rather than delayed suppression imposes much lower economy and health costs. We conclude that in high-income countries, like Australia, a ‘go early, go hard’ strategy to suppress COVID-19 results in the lowest estimated public health and economy costs.
The role of pre-existing chronic disease in cardiac complications from SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sinclair Jane E. , Zhu Yanshan , Xu Gang , Ma Wei , Shi Haiyan , Ma Kun-Long , Cao Chun-Feng , Kong Ling-Xi , Wan Ke-Qiang , Liao Juan , Wang Hai-Qiang , Arentz Matt , Redd Meredith , Gallo Linda A. , Short Kirsty R. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTImportanceSARS-CoV-2 is associated with multiple direct and indirect effects to the heart. It is not yet well defined whether patient groups at increased risk of severe respiratory disease due to SARS-CoV-2 infection also experience a heightened incidence of cardiac complications.ObjectiveWe sought to analyse the role of pre-existing chronic disease (chronic respiratory illness, cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension and diabetes mellitus) in the development of cardiac complications from SARS-CoV-2.Data SourcesWe retrospectively investigated published (including pre-prints), publicly released, de-identified, data made available between Dec 1, 2019, and May 11, 2020. Information was accessed from PubMed, Embase, medRxiv and SSRN.Study Selection379 full-text articles were reviewed and 321 excluded for lack of original research, irrelevance to outcome, inappropriate cohort, or small patient numbers (case reports of <10 patients). Data were extracted from two studies and the remaining 56 contacted to request appropriate data, to which three responded with data contributions. A final of five studies were included.Data Extraction and SynthesisThis systematic review was conducted based on PRISMA and MOOSE statements. Included studies were critically appraised using Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). Data were extracted independently by multiple observers. A fixed-effects model was selected for the meta-analysis based on relatively low heterogeneity between the studies (I2<50%).Main Outcome and MeasuresCardiac complications were determined via blood levels of cardiac biomarkers above the 99thpercentile of the upper reference limit, abnormalities in electrocardiography, and/or abnormalities in echocardiography.ResultsSARS-CoV-2-infected patients who developed cardiac complications were, on average, 10 years older than those that did not. Pooled analyses showed the development of cardiac complications from SARS-CoV-2 was significantly increased in patients with underlying chronic respiratory illness (OR 2.88[1.45,5.71]), CVD (OR 5.12[3.09,8.48]), hypertension (OR 4.37[2.99,6.39]) and diabetes mellitus (OR 2.61[1.67,4.09]).Conclusions and RelevanceOlder age and pre-existing chronic respiratory illness, CVD, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus may represent prognostic factors for the development of additional cardiac complications in COVID-19, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary approach to chronic disease patient management and providing justification for a larger scale observational study.
Dragon III- Phase II Randomized Controlled Trial: Neoadjuvant FLOT versus SOX for Patients with Locally Advanced Gastric Cancer
Authors: Sah Birendra Kumar , Zhang Benyan , Zhang Huan , Li Jian , Yuan Fei , Ma Tao , Shi Min , Xu Wei , Zhu Zhenglun , Liu Wentao , Yan Chao , Li Chen , Liu Bingya , Yan Min , Zhu Zhenggang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel, oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (the FLOT regimen) has shown promising results in terms of pathological response and survival rate. However, tegafur gimeracil oteracil potassium capsule (S-1) plus oxaliplatin (the SOX regimen) is a more favorable chemotherapy regimen in Eastern countries. We conducted this study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of both regimens and to explore a suitable regimen for gastric cancer patients.MethodsPatients with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) were 1:1 randomly assigned to receive either 4 cycles of the FLOT regimen or 3 cycles of the SOX regimen before curative gastrectomy. The primary endpoint was the comparison of complete or subtotal tumor regression grading (TRG1a+ TRG1b) in the primary tumor.ResultsAltogether, 74 patients were enrolled between August 2018 and March 2020. There was no significant difference in pretreatment clinicopathological parameters between the FLOT group and the SOX group (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in adverse effects or postoperative morbidity and mortality between the two groups (p>0.05). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the proportion of tumor regression grading between the FLOT group and the SOX group (p>0.05). In the ITT population, complete or subtotal TRG was 20.0% in the FLOT group versus 32.4% in the SOX group (p>0.05).ConclusionOur study demonstrates that the FLOT and SOX regimens are similarly effective for locally advanced gastric cancer patients in terms of clinical downstaging and pathological response. A large-scale phase III randomized controlled trial is necessary to validate this result.