bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sirt5 deficiency causes post-translational protein malonylation and dysregulated cellular metabolism in chondrocytes under obesity conditions
Authors: Zhu Shouan , Batushansky Albert , Jopkiewicz Anita , Makosa Dawid , Humphries Kenneth M. , Van Remmen Holly , Griffin Timothy M. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveObesity accelerates the development of osteoarthritis (OA) during aging and is associated with altered chondrocyte cellular metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) in regulating chondrocyte protein lysine malonylation (MaK) and cellular metabolism under obesity-related conditions.MethodsMaK and SIRT5 were immunostained in knee articular cartilage of obesedb/dbmice and different aged C57BL6 mice with or without destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery to induce OA. Primary chondrocytes were isolated from 7-day-old WT andSirt5−/−mice and treated with varying concentrations of glucose and insulin to mimic obesity. Sirt5-dependent effects on MaK and metabolism were evaluated by Western blot, Seahorse Respirometry, and gas/chromatography-mass/spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolic profiling.ResultsMaK was significantly increased in cartilage ofdb/dbmice and in chondrocytes treated with high concentrations of glucose and insulin (GluhiInshi). Sirt5 protein was increased in an age-dependent manner following joint injury, and Sirt5 deficient primary chondrocytes had increased MaK, decreased glycolysis rate, and reduced basal mitochondrial respiration. GC-MS identified 41 metabolites. Sirt5 deficiency altered 13 distinct metabolites under basal conditions and 18 metabolites under GluhiInshitreatment. Pathway analysis identified a wide range of Sirt5-dependent altered metabolic pathways that include amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle, and glycolysis.ConclusionThis study provides the first evidence that Sirt5 broadly regulates chondrocyte metabolism. We observed changes in Sirt5 and MaK levels in cartilage with obesity and joint injury, suggesting that the Sirt5-MaK pathway may contribute to altered chondrocyte metabolism that occurs during OA development.
Invisible women: correctional facilities for women across Canada and proximity to maternity services
Authors: Paynter Martha Jane , Bagg M. Leslie , Heggie Clare 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to describe the process to create an inventory of the facilities in Canada designated to incarcerate women and girls, health service responsibility by facility, facility proximity to hospitals with maternity services and residential programmes for mothers and children to stay together. This paper creates the inventory to support health researchers, prison rights advocates and policymakers to identify, analyse and respond to sex and gender differences in health and access to health services in prisons.

Design/methodology/approach
In spring 2019, this study conducted an environmental scan to create an inventory of every facility in Canada designated for the incarceration of girls and women, including remand/pretrial custody, immigration detention, youth facilities and for provincial and federal sentences.

Findings
There are 72 facilities in the inventory. In most, women are co-located with men. Responsibility for health varies by jurisdiction. Few sites have mother-child programmes. Distance to maternity services varies from 1 to 132 km.

Research limitations/implications
This paper did not include police lock-up, courthouse cells or involuntary psychiatric units in the inventory. Information is unavailable regarding trans and non-binary persons, a priority for future work. Access to maternity hospital services is but one critical question regarding reproductive care. Maintenance of the database is challenging.

Originality/value
Incarcerated women are an invisible population. The inventory is the first of its kind and is a useful tool to support sex and gender and health research across jurisdictions.
“What about users?”: Development and validation of the mobile information security awareness scale (MISAS)
Authors: Erdoğdu Fatih , Gökoğlu Seyfullah , Kara Mehmet 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe current study aimed to develop and validate Mobile Information Security Awareness Scale (MISAS) based on the prototype model for measuring information security awareness and the relevant literature.Design/methodology/approachThe scale was developed and validated with the participation of 562 students from four universities. The construct validity of the scale was tested through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.FindingsThe reliability of the scale was tested through corrected item-total correlations and Cronbach alpha. The MISAS includes six factors and 17 items. The identified factors were labeled as backup, instant messaging and navigation, password protection, update, access permission and using others' devices.Research limitations/implicationsThe scale included only the human aspects of mobile information security. The technical aspects are not within the scope of this study. For this reason, future studies might develop and validate a different scale focusing on the technical aspects of mobile information security.Originality/valueThe developed scale contributes to the literature on the human aspects of mobile information security.
Wealth creation challenges – M/s. A. N. Gandhi
Authors: Gandhi Pervin , Thomas Sujo 
Published: December 2020

Research methodology
The case was created through personal interviews of the proprietor, Arzan Gandhi. The authors also researched data for investment advisory business along with current events relating to Indian stock market and its performance.

Case overview/synopsis
The case explores the fascinating entrepreneurial journey of Arzan Gandhi, 62 years old, from a cotton mill worker to an owner of a reputed investment advisory firm, “M/s A. N. Gandhi” in Ahmedabad, India. Reflecting upon the experiences that empowered Gandhi’s success in investment advisory business, students acquire an insight of real wealth creation challenges in business. Gandhi had to set the right priorities to take his business to the next level with intensified competition in the financial advisory field.

Complexity academic level
The case is best suited for graduate and post-graduate level courses on personal finance, financial planning elective or entrepreneurship. It is useful for teaching lessons on how financial planning and strategic decisions taken, through entrepreneurial traits and opportunity recognition helps in wealth creation and taking a venture to new heights.
Contrasting responses of nitrogen: Phosphorus stoichiometry in plants and soils under grazing: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Yu Rui‐Peng , Zhang Wei‐Ping , Fornara Dario A. , Li Long 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Grazing by ungulate herbivores can greatly alter nitrogen ([N]) and phosphorus ([P]) concentrations in plants and soils. It is not clear, however, how grazing might affect N:P co‐limitation in grasslands depending on soil N and P availability.

Here we selected 173 peer‐reviewed studies, which measured 12 key variables associated with changes in [N], [P] and N:P ratios (i.e. N:P stoichiometry) in soils and plants in the presence or absence of herbivore grazing. Subsequently, we addressed the magnitude and direction of grazing effects on these variables using a meta‐analysis approach.

Grazing increased leaf [N] and [P] but decreased total and available soil [N] and [P]. Grazing also increased leaf N:P ratios while decreasing root and total soil N:P ratios.

The response ratio (RR) of leaf N:P was negatively correlated with RR of plant‐available soil [P] and positively correlated with RR of available soil N:P ratio (rather than with RR of total soil N:P).

Intensive grazing (e.g. heavy grazing or long‐term grazing) had in general more positive effects on plant N:P stoichiometry and negative effects on soil N:P stoichiometry than light grazing. Responses of plant‐soil N:P stoichiometry to grazing greatly varied depending on plant functional group identity, plant organizational level (i.e. species and community) and grassland type.

Synthesis and applications. Our study suggests that understanding changes in available soil N:P stoichiometry (rather than total soil N:P) in response to grazing is crucial to predict nutrient co‐limitation in grassland biomes. Our findings show that P is more important for plant growth than generally thought due to greater reduction of plant‐available soil [P] under grazing. A better mechanistic understanding of the relationships between plant and available soil N:P stoichiometry under grazing will greatly help improve the sustainability of natural and semi‐natural grassland ecosystems.
The effects of household and firm credit on growth: New evidence from a panel of developed and developing countries
Authors: Goaied Mohamed , Gasmi Amira 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe use two panel data techniques in a novel large dataset to assess the dynamic interactions of household and enterprise credit with growth in developed and developing countries. Panel vector autoregressive (VAR) results reject the hypothesis that finance only follows economic growth. Instead, both panel techniques provide strong evidence that higher allocations of household credit are an impediment to economic growth regardless of a country's level of development. Otherwise, empirical results confirm that firm credit expansions are conducive to economic growth; however, this effect is not immediate in developing countries but it appears with a 1‐year delay. Our results provide evidence that the credit‐growth nexus changes over time and during the development process. These findings may explain the ambiguous and vanishing effect of finance on growth in recent literature.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or soy protein isolate‐based edible, water‐soluble, and antioxidant films for safflower oil packaging
Authors: Rosenbloom Rachel A. , Zhao Yanyun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEdible, water‐soluble, heat‐sealable, and antioxidant films were developed from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) or soy protein isolate (SPI) and applied as safflower oil packaging. A 0.1 or 0.2% DL‐α‐tocopherol acetate (VE) and 0 or 0.25% oleic acid were added into film formulations to provide antioxidant and hydrophobic properties, respectively, using a 23 factorial design. Films were analyzed for appearance, microstructure, water and oil sensitivity, mechanical properties, and antioxidant functionality. Subsequently, a completely randomized design was implemented for incorporating 2, 4, or 6% cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs, w/w dry weight polymer) for improving film mechanical and barrier properties. HPMC‐based films achieved full dissolution in water at <55 °C under 5 min, while SPI‐based films disintegrated in water up to 90 °C. Oleic acid significantly increased (P < 0.05) heat sealability of SPI film from 78 to 143 N/m and elongation at break from 36% to 88%, but decreased tensile strength and heat sealability of HPMC films by 55% and 41%, respectively. As safflower oil packaging, after 60 days of storage at 35 °C, oil contained in SPI‐based pouch had the lowest peroxide values, 8.1 ± 0.9 mEq/kg. Based on barrier, mechanical, and antioxidant capacity evaluations, HPMC film with 0.1% VE and SPI film with 0.25% oleic acid and 0.1% VE were incorporated with CNC. SPI/CNC films did not show observable trends, but HPMC/2% CNC film exhibited significantly improved mechanical and barrier properties, with oxygen permeability of 5.0 mL mm/m2 day kPa. The developed films are a promising packaging alternative to decrease plastic waste, extend shelf life of lipid‐based foods, and increase consumer convenience.Practical ApplicationIndividually packaged, single‐use pouches of sauce or oil are common for seasoning instant and frozen foods, creating unnecessary plastic waste. Edible, water‐soluble packaging with antioxidant functionality would reduce plastic waste, extend shelf life by preventing oxidation, and increase consumer convenience. The biopolymeric films and pouches developed in this study have unique properties from water solubility across a wide range of temperatures, resistance to oil, high oxygen barrier, and good heat sealability, providing a variety of potential applications for promoting sustainable food packaging.
Patenting activity or innovative originality?
Authors: Bedford Anna , Ma Le , Ma Nelson , Vojvoda Kristina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe re‐examine the cross‐sectional stock return predictability of innovative originality documented in the 2018 paper by Hirshleifer et al. and introduce two measures of patenting activity: patent existence and patent counts. As firms with zero patents have zero innovative originality, we conjecture and find a high correlation between patenting activity measures and innovative originality. The findings of Hirshleifer et al. do not hold when we control for patenting activity. Our results highlight that simple patenting activity measures capture a significant portion of innovative originality, and hence need to be adequately controlled for in future innovation studies.
New severity grading system for Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy using anterior segment optical coherence tomography
Authors: Yasukura Yuichi , Oie Yoshinori , Kawasaki Ryo , Maeda Naoyuki , Jhanji Vishal , Nishida Kohji 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeTo report a new severity grading system for Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT).MethodsThis observational case series included 75 eyes of 43 patients with FECD and 33 eyes of 33 healthy subjects. Pachymetry and posterior elevation maps were used to determine the AS‐OCT‐based grading scores. FECD severity was graded from 0–3 as follows: 0, normal; 1, guttae only; 2, stromal oedema; and 3, epithelial and stromal oedema. We further investigated the central corneal thickness (CCT), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), anterior and posterior best‐fit spheres (BFS), and the distance between the central cornea and the thinnest point.ResultsThirty‐three eyes were graded as 0, four as 1, thirteen as 2, fourteen as 3, twenty‐nine as 4, eleven as 5 and four as 6 by the modified Krachmer grade. Thirty‐three, 41, 30 and 4 eyes were graded as 0, 1, 2 and 3, respectively, by the AS‐OCT‐based grading system. The inter‐observer agreement was 100% for the AS‐OCT‐based grading system. The CCT, TCT, posterior BFS, and distance between the central cornea and thinnest point were significantly different between AS‐OCT‐based grades (p = 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.0036 and 0.0001, respectively). Anterior BFS was not significantly different with the AS‐OCT‐based grades (p = 0.1184).ConclusionWe devised a new severity grading using only objective evaluation and quantitatively demonstrated corneal thickening, predominant flattening of the posterior corneal surface compared with the anterior surface, and displacement of the thinnest point away from the central cornea with FECD progression.
Evidence for BMP‐mediated specification of primordial germ cells in an indirect‐developing hemichordate
Authors: Lin Ching‐Yi , Yu Jr‐Kai , Su Yi‐Hsien 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPrimordial germ cells (PGCs) are specified during development by either one of two major mechanisms, the preformation mode or the inductive mode. Because the inductive mode is widely employed by many bilaterians and early branching metazoan lineages, it has been postulated as an ancestral mechanism. However, among the deuterostome species that have been studied, invertebrate chordates use the preformation mode, while many vertebrate and echinoderm species are known to utilize an inductive mechanism, thus leaving the evolutionary history of PGC specification in the deuterostome lineage unclear. Hemichordates are the sister phylum of echinoderms, and together they form a clade called Ambulacraria that represents the closest group to the chordates. Thus, research in hemichordates is highly informative for resolving this issue. In this study, we investigate the developmental process of PGCs in an indirect‐developing hemichordate, Ptychodera flava. We show that maternal transcripts of the conserved germline markers vasa, nanos, and piwi1 are ubiquitously distributed in early P. flava embryos, and these genes are coexpressed specifically in the dorsal hindgut starting from the gastrula stage. Immunostaining revealed that Vasa protein is concentrated toward the vegetal pole in early P. flava embryos, and it is restricted to cells in the dorsal hindgut of gastrulae and newly hatched larvae. The Vasa‐positive cells later contribute to the developing trunk coeloms of the larvae and eventually reside in the adult gonads. We further show that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is required to activate expression of the germline determinants in the gastrula hindgut, suggesting that PGC specification is induced by BMP signaling in P. flava. Our data support the hypothesis that the inductive mode is a conserved mechanism in Ambulacraria, which might even trace back to the common ancestor of Deuterostomes.
Experimental evaluation of cooling characteristic, airflow distribution and mass transfer in a cold store
Authors: Bishnoi Rajkumar , Aharwal Kashi Ram 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe cooling characteristics and safety of food products inside the cold room depend on the temperature field and govern by the airflow distribution. The nonuniform air distribution creates variability in the cooling rate and transpiration rate. The volume of products in cold‐store influences the airflow pattern and, therefore, experimental study performed on loaded cold‐room. The experiment includes measuring and estimating temperature, convective heat transfer coefficient, and weight loss to evaluate the heat and mass transfer. The airflow behavior inside the cold room is observed highly nonuniform. In the product‐zone, cooling‐air flow with higher velocities near the floor and flow uniformity decrease with the height of the cold store. The product cooling variability observed along the path of the flow as the product in front zone cooled at a rapid rate compared to that placed in the rear zone. The estimated average transpiration rate ranged from 0.033 to 0.16 gkg−1 h−1 in front zone and in rear zone; it is ranged from 0.038 to 0.2 gkg−1 h−1. The experimental study of loaded cold store presents the factual nature of cooling and storage condition, and the zone‐wise examination of operating variable beneficial for understanding the cooling characteristics included heat and mass transfer.Practical ApplicationsThe room air cooling method is the most accepted method to preserve food products, and the preservation (operating) condition of the cold room influences the heat and mass (product weight) transfer phenomenon. The experimental observation of operating conditions (airflow field, temperature change, air relative humidity, convective heat transfer coefficient) is performed at multiple locations and explained. The nonuniformity in operating conditions is observed, which leads the variability in heat and mass transfer process. The theoretical estimation of mass transfer is evaluated and validated with the experimental data. This work is used to provide better insight into the zone‐wise distribution of preservation conditions and its influences on the food product.
Prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Pollo Camila Fernandes , Miot Hélio Amante , Matos Ticiane Dionízio de Sousa , de Souza Jennifer Mellissa , Jorge Marília Formentini Scotton , Miot Luciane Donida Bartoli , Meneguin Silmara 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety in patients with psoriasis.BackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic, non‐contagious, autoimmune inflammatory skin disease associated with psychological comorbidities.DesignA cross‐sectional study conducted between March 2017–December 2018 in a dermatology infirmary and outpatient clinic of a public hospital in the inner State of São Paulo (Brazil).MethodsWe used questionnaires with sociodemographic data and clinical history, the HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), DLQI‐BRA (Dermatology Life Quality Index) and PASI (Psoriasis Area Severity Index). The correlations between variables were explored using multivariate techniques. STROBE checklist was applied as the reporting guideline for this study (File S1).ResultsA total of 281 participants were included, of which the majority were female 146 (52%), with a mean age of 52.1 years (SD: 13.8), elementary school 154 (55%), married/cohabiting 209 (74%) and with low income 201 (72%). The median (p25–p75) time with the disease was 14 years (7–23). Regarding the quality of life, 31% of respondents reported being little affected by the disease. The prevalence of depression was 19% and that of anxiety was 36%. The multivariate analysis showed that the variables that influenced the anxiety and depression scores were as follows: DLQI‐BRA, income, female sex, illness length and age. For the multiple correspondence analysis, the highest levels of anxiety and depression referred to women, middle age, lower income and low PASI.ConclusionThe prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms was low. Female sex, income, age, illness length and quality of life were associated with anxiety and depression scores in patients with psoriasis.Relevance to clinical practiceDue to the scarcity of studies in the field of nursing with psoriasis patients, we believe these findings contribute to the reorganisation of the care provided, allowing nurses to timely identify mood disorders such as anxiety and depression and adopt the necessary measures to a service and/or specialised referral.
Lactobacillus brevisCD2 attenuates traumatic oral lesions induced by fixed orthodontic appliance: A randomized phase 2 trial
Authors: Silva Nathália Louize Nunes Vieira , Della Bona Alvaro , Cardoso Moisés , Callegari‐Jacques Sidia Maria , Fornari Fernando 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of the probioticLactobacillus brevisCD2 on the prevention of early traumatic oral lesions induced by a fixed orthodontic appliance.Settings and Sample PopulationTwenty orthodontic patients (14‐57 yo) were recruited from a private clinic.Subjects and MethodsIn a phase 2, double‐blind clinical trial, all patients were randomly allocated (1:1 ratio) to a 21‐day course of soluble tablets containingL brevisCD2 (4 billion colony‐forming units after breakfast, lunch and dinner) or placebo, starting at the day of orthodontic appliance placement. The primary outcomes were days with oral lesions and lesion‐related pain [ranging between 0 (no pain) and 10 (maximum pain)]. Oral health‐related quality of life was measured using OHIP‐14 before and after treatments.ResultsAll patients completed the study. Ten were treated withL brevis(28.1 ± 13.3 yo, 70% women), and 10 received placebo (27.5 ± 9.1 yo, 60% women). The oral lesions lasted significantly less time (P = .018) in patients treated withL brevis(2.5 ± 1.0 days) than with placebo (4.9 ± 3.0 days). Pain score was significantly lower (P = .039) whenL breviswas used [median (min‐max): 0 (0‐4) vs. 3 (0‐5)]. OHIP‐14 scores were not significantly different between treatments.ConclusionsLactobacillus brevisCD2 reduced almost 50% the persistence of traumatic oral lesions in patients with fixed orthodontics. Yet, there was no improvement in quality of life compared to placebo, suggesting that such differences in persistency and pain related to oral lesions may be considered clinically irrelevant.