bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on the heat and disinfectant resistance of a spore-forming spoilage bacterium
Authors: Kiskó G. , Hladicekova N. , Taczmann-Brückner A. , Mohácsi-Farkas Cs. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Heat resistant thermophilic spore-forming bacteria, such as Aeribacillus (A.) pallidus, may contaminate the surfaces in food facilities resulting food spoilage of the products. The aim of this work was to determine the heat and disinfectant resistance of an A. pallidus strain that was isolated from a canning factory environment. Compared to other heat-resistant spore-forming bacteria, it did not prove to be very resistant to heat with a D10-values of A. pallidus from 12.2 min to 2.4 min (at 102 °C and at 110 °C), with a calculated z-value of 11.6 °C. Not only spores but vegetative cells showed resistance against all investigated disinfectants.
The Status of Textile-Based Dry EEG Electrodes
Authors: Tseghai Granch Berhe , Malengier Benny , Fante Kinde Anlay , Langenhove Lieva Van 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the biopotential recording of electrical signals generated by brain activity. It is useful for monitoring sleep quality and alertness, clinical applications, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with epilepsy, disease of Parkinson and other neurological disorders, as well as continuous monitoring of tiredness/alertness in the field. We provide a review of textile-based EEG. Most of the developed textile-based EEGs remain on shelves only as published research results due to a limitation of flexibility, stickability, and washability, although the respective authors of the works reported that signals were obtained comparable to standard EEG. In addition, nearly all published works were not quantitatively compared and contrasted with conventional wet electrodes to prove feasibility for the actual application. This scenario would probably continue to give a publication credit, but does not add to the growth of the specific field, unless otherwise new integration approaches and new conductive polymer composites are evolved to make the application of textile-based EEG happen for bio-potential monitoring.
An overview of techniques for multifold enhancement in solubility of poorly soluble drugs
Authors: Ansari Mohammad Javed 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Poor water solubility of newly discovered compounds has become the most common challenge in the drug development process. Indeed, poor solubility is considered as the root cause of failure of drug during drug development phases. Moreover, it has also been reported to be the main reason for bioavailability issues such as poor, inconsistent, incomplete and highly variable bioavailability of the marketed products. As per an estimate, approximately 90% of drug molecules suffer with poor water solubility at early stage and approximately 40% of the marketed drugs have bioavailability problems mainly due to poor water solubility. Solubility enhancement of the newly discovered compounds is primary research area for the pharmaceutical industries and research institutions. The conventional techniques to improve aqueous solubility of drugs employ salt formation, prodrug formation, co-crystallization, complexation, amorphous solid dispersion and use of co-solvent, surfactants or hydrotropic agents. Current advancement in the science and technology has enabled the use of relatively new techniques under the umbrella of nanotechnology. These include the development of nanocrystals, nanosuspensions, nanoemulsions, microemulsions, liposomes and nanoparticles to enhance the solubility. This review focuses on the conventional and current approaches of multifold enhancement in the solubility of poorly soluble marketed drugs, including newly discovered compounds.
The Role of Transformational School Leadership in Promoting Teacher Commitment: An Antecedent for Sustainable Development in South Africa
Authors: Khumalo Shuti Steph 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Promoting sustainable development is top on the agenda of many national governments. The provision of quality primary education is key in pursuing this agenda and relies heavily of committed teachers. This article explores the potential contribution of transformational leadership practices of primary school principals in promoting teacher commitment. It is argued that primary school principals who exhibit the transformational leadership feature of commitment motivate teachers towards commitment and thus contribute towards sustainable development. This study was quantitative in nature and out of the hundred and fifty teachers sampled, only ninety-five responded to the questionnaires. Drawing from the theory of transformational leadership and the findings from the Limpopo Province education district case study, it can be concluded that primary school principals promote the culture of commitment and therefore a foundation for sustainable development is laid.
Youth Start Social Entrepreneurship Program for Kids: Portuguese UKIDS-Case Study
Authors: Pinho Maria Inês , Fernandes Dárida , Serrão Carla , Mascarenhas Daniela 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Today’s society has valued entrepreneurship in various sectors of personal and professional life, but the school seems to forget this reality. Aware of this fact, the Portuguese Ministry of Education has created a program, from early childhood education to basic and secondary education, to develop the concept of social entrepreneurship in schools. The Porto Polytechnic Higher School of Education, as an educator of teachers and teachers of the First and Second cycle of Basic Education, joined the European UKIDS project to integrate this theme in the initial and continuous teacher training. In this article we will analyze the data obtained from a UKIDS Portuguese Partner School in the context of continuing teacher education and present some conclusions. The qualitative methodology used allowed us to conclude that the UKIDS project enhanced the valorization of individual capacities, such as creativity, self-confidence, the power of argumentation, as well as the construction of social competences, in interpersonal and group relationships, which are crucial in the formation of a child’s personality in the basic school learning process.
Entrepreneurship Education in a Democratic Perspective
Authors: Tiemensma Britt Due , Rasmussen Connie Stendal 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Entrepreneurship Education often emphasizes the practical applications of competencies. This article aims to collect findings on entrepreneurship education linked to democratic formation in primary education as experienced by teacher students. Based on a model from the Danish Foundation for Entrepreneurship and theories on democratic formation and active citizenship, the authors analyze what entrepreneurship and democratic formation have in common. Entrepreneurship education will also be linked to education for sustainable development. By following a group of teacher students in two different cases, the authors discuss how a potential synergy is visible, when the teacher students learn by reading, discussing and solving concrete tasks connected to social entrepreneurship education. The teacher students’ personal attitudes and understanding of authentic practical experiences turns out to be important to their learning from entrepreneurial education tasks. The structural organization of teacher education is a challenge to the organization of teaching entrepreneurship education.
The Effects of Preschoolers’ Media Usage Habits on Their Daily Life and Sustainability
Authors: Akyar Begum Canaslan , Sapsaglam Özkan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Today’s children are born into a digital world and are exposed to various electronic devices and digital contents both in the home environment and other environments since the first years of life. Children, who are a natural recipient of the environment in which they live, are exposed to the effects of the digital world at different levels and reflect these effects in different ways. The purpose of the reported study is to investigate if preschoolers’ daily media usage habits affects their drawings. This study is planned according to the case study design of qualitative research methods. The study was conducted with 15 preschoolers and their parents. There were nine boys and six girls in the study. The preschoolers’ drawings and their parents’ interview data were analyzed by using the descriptive analyzing method. The study result shows that there are differences between boys and girls media usage habits. Boys spend more time with media tools than girls. Additionally, boys are exposed to more inappropriate content because of their preferences. The analysis of their drawings revealed that boys are more affected than girls from media contents since boys’ drawings include more characters from media than girls. It can thus be suggested that media tools might be harmful when they are used in a developmentally inappropriate way, and excessive media tool usage has negative impact on children. Therefore, the reported study recommends that parents and caregivers take some precautions to limit preschoolers from spending time with media tools and to control content of children’s activity.
Profit Reinvestment: Main Motives Supporting Financial Decisions
Authors: Pokorná Pavla , Šebestová Jarmila 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Reinvestment decisions are based on basic the economic literacy of entrepreneurs because they do not want to affect future liquidity or development activities. The main goal of the article is to suggest a simple decision tree model to describe profit reinvestments in a general way based on results of a primary pilot study (128 interviews), where reinvestment behaviour is affected by specific factors like risk taking, competitive advantage or business experience. After that a decision-making tree is suggested to explain the process of reinvestment as determined by the manager.
New record of the Midas free-tailed bat (Mops midas) from the Arabian Peninsula (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
Authors: Benda Petr , Shobrak Mohammed , Šmíd Jiří 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

A new record of the Midas free-tailed bat,
Mops midas
(Sundevall, 1843), from Saudi Arabia is presented. This new record is the northernmost occurrence point of this rare bat in Arabia (ca. 160 km NNW of the closest previous site) and also within its entire distribution range.
Perceived Organizational Support, Alternative Job Opportunity, Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention: A Moderated-mediated Model
Authors: Albalawi Abdulmajeed Saad , Naugton Shahnaz , Elayan Malek Bakheet , Sleimi Mohammad Tahseen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background and Purpose: This article tested a structural model that examines the mediating role of organizational commitment on the link between perceived organizational support, perceived alternative job opportunities, and turnover intention, and the moderating role of job satisfaction on the proposed relationships.

Methodology: Using convenience sampling technique, a self-administered survey was conducted on a pool of Jordanian small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). The obtained data (n=270) were analyzed with contemporary variance-based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) software SmartPLS v3.

Results: Findings revealed that organizational commitment mediates the association between perceived organizational support and turnover intention, perceived alternative job opportunities and turnover intention. In addition, job satisfaction did not moderate the associations between organizational support, perceived alternative job opportunity and organizational commitment.

Conclusion: The present study is among the first to show the mediating mechanism of organizational commitment on the link between perceived organizational support, perceived alternative job opportunity and turnover intention. Theoretical and practical implications are drawn, before pointing to potential future research directions that build on the evidence-based positions argued for in this study.
Counteracting domestic violence against elders in the professional practice of a nurse employed in the primary health care system
Authors: Kotarba Agnieszka , Maciaszek Adrianna , Borowiak Ewa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Aim. Assessment of preparation of a nurse – employee of the primary health care for providing preventative measures against domestic violence targeted at elders.

Material and methods. The material was collected in a group of 70 nurses – employees of the primary health care of a medical centre in Lodz. Inclusion criteria were: the respondent’s consent for the inclusion in the study and the position of a nurse of the primary health care system. The authors of the study used the diagnostic survey method, with the application of their own questionnaire. Obtained results were statistically analysed.

Results. In the nurses’ opinion, lack of knowledge of effective tools, which could be used to provide victims with help, considerably hampers implementation of preventive measures for counteracting domestic violence. A multivariate analysis revealed a relationship between the opinion of nurses on prevention of domestic violence against the elderly and their education, the number of years worked and individual beliefs.

Conclusions. Violence against elders is a growing global problem. Polish nurses are legally obliged to initiate interventions in order to counteract domestic violence. Nurses from the primary health care are not prepared to carry out prevention of violence against the elderly. There is a need to provide nurses employed in the primary health care with post-graduate training on counteracting domestic violence against the elderly.
Adsorption mechanism and modelling of hydrocarbon contaminants onto rice straw activated carbons
Authors: Abdel daiem Mahmoud M. , Sánchez-Polo Manuel , Rashed Ahmed S. , Kamal Nehal , Said Noha 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The adsorption of Diphenolic acid (DPA), 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) were examined in aqueous solution using activated carbon rice straw. The rice straw was activated by using two reagents, zinc chloride and phosphoric acid and named as RSZ, RSP, respectively. The results showed that both carbons have a relatively high adsorption capacity. Concerning the adsorption kinetic, the second-order model has better fit than the first model to experimental data. The adsorption yield of both carbons increased in the order: DPA < 2,4-D < MCPA. The pore volume diffusion model satisfactorily fitted the experiment on both carbons. Furthermore, solution pH has a high influence on the adsorption capacity for both carbons. The adsorption mechanism of selected pollutants onto carbon samples has been controlled by dispersion interaction π-π electrons and electrostatic interaction, moreover, the contribution of pore volume diffusion is the controlling mechanism of the overall rate of adsorption.
The catalytic oxidation of toluene at low temperature over palladium nanoparticles supported on Alumina sphere catalysts: effects of Palladium precursors and preparation method
Authors: Pham Thien Huu , Than Ha An Quoc , Bui Ha Manh 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this study, 1 wt.% Pd/Al2O3 sphere catalysts were prepared using the wet-impregnation (WI) and deposition-precipitation (DP) method using palladium chloride and tetraamminepalladium (II) nitrate as salt precursors. All catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The catalytic activity in toluene oxidation under gas-phase conditions was measured. The obtained results showed that metal dispersion and catalytic activity were strongly dependent on the salt precursor and method of catalyst preparation. The use of tetraamminepalladium (II) nitrate as the precursor presented smaller particle size, an enhanced dispersion and higher specific surface area. Moreover, the catalyst prepared with this precursor also showed higher catalytic activity than that prepared with palladium chloride. At 1 wt.% Pd loading, complete oxidation of toluene was achieved at 250°C. However, there was only approximately 80–90% efficient at the same temperature when the catalyst was prepared with palladium chloride as the precursor.
Examination of steam gasification of coal with physically mixed catalysts
Authors: Śpiewak Katarzyna , Czerski Grzegorz , Sopata Agnieszka 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the steam gasification process of ‘Janina’ coal with and without Na-, K- and Ca-catalysts. The catalysts were physically mixed with the coal due to the simplicity of this method, short time of execution and certainty that the amount of catalyst is exactly as the adopted one. The isothermal measurements were performed at 800, 900 and 950°C and a pressure of 1 MPa using thermovolumetric method. The obtained results enabled assessment of the effect of analysed catalysts on the process at various temperatures by determination of: i) carbon conversion degree; ii) yield and composition of the resulting gas; and iii) kinetics of formation reactions of main gas components – CO and H2. The addition of catalysts, as well as an increase in operating temperature, had a positive effect on the coal gasification process – reactions rates increased, and the process time was reduced.
Enthalpy of isopropanol adsorption on zeolite
Authors: Jabłoński Maciej , Dzienisz Alicja , Sawicka Marta , Wróblewska Elwira , Lubkowski Krzysztof , Dąbrowska Grażyna , Piz Mateusz , Sreńscek-Nazzal Joanna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The enthalpy of isopropanol adsorption on ZSM-5 (Zeolite Socony Mobil Framework Type MFI) was determined by the static adsorption method at the temperature range from 20°C to 100°C. Langmuir and Huttig models of equilibrium adsorption have been used to calculate the enthalpy of isopropanol adsorption at these conditions. Adsorption isotherms determined by the flow method at 20°C and 30°C have been also used in the calculations. The obtained values of isopropanol adsorption enthalpy were compared with the values of isopropanol evaporation enthalpy and with the results obtained from isopropanol and water desorption measurements with thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry methods.
Synthesis of an optical catalyst for cracking contaminating dyes in the wastewater of factories using indium oxide in nanometer and usage in agriculture
Authors: Ahmed Ishaq F. E. , El-Shenawy Ahmed I. , Refat Moamen S. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Herein, the photocatalytic degradation of the Congo Red (CR) and Crystal Violet (CV) dyes in an aqueous solution were discussed in the presence of an indium(III) oxide (In2O3) as optical catalyst efficiency. The caproate bidentate indium(III) precursor complex has been synthesized and well interpreted by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-Vis, and thermogravimetric (TGA) with its differential thermogravimetric (DTG) studies. The microanalytical and spectroscopic assignments suggested that the associated of mononuclear complex with 1:3 molar ratio (M3+:ligand). Octahedral structure is speculated for this parent complex of the caproate anion, CH3(CH2)4COO− ligand. The In2O3 NPs with nanoscale range within 10–20 nm was synthesized by a simple, low cost and eco-friendly method using indium(III) caproate complex. Indium oxide nanoparticles were formed after calcination of precursor in static air at 600°C for 3 hrs. The structural, grain size, morphological and decolorization efficiency of the synthesized NPs were characterized using the FT-IR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. It was worthy mentioned that the prepared In2O3 NPs showed a good photodegradation properties against CR and CV organic dyes during 90 min.
Prediction of the fixed-bed reactor behavior for biotransformation with parallel enzyme deactivation using dispersion model: A case study on hydrogen peroxide decomposition by commercial catalase
Authors: Grubecki Ireneusz , Kazimierska-Drobny Katarzyna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The problems of process costs and pollution of residual waters in the textile industry require increasing attention due to the new ecological regulations and also those resulting from an economic point of view. Hence, the behavior of non-isothermal fixed-bed reactor applied for hydrogen peroxide decomposition by immobilized Terminox Ultra catalase attached onto the outer surface of glass beads was studied to determine the operational conditions at which hydrogen peroxide decomposition is most effectively. A dispersion model for bioreactor applied in this work, and verified experimentally, took into account the coupled mass and heat balances as well as the rate equation for parallel enzyme deactivation. The effect of feed temperature, feed flow rate, feed hydrogen peroxide concentration, and diffusional resistances were analysed. In the calculations the global effectiveness factor based on the external mass-transfer model developed previously was employed to properly predict the real bioreactor behavior.
Computation on Encrypted Data using Dataflow Authentication
Authors: Fischer Andreas , Fuhry Benny , Kerschbaum Florian , Bodden Eric 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Encrypting data before sending it to the cloud protects it against attackers, but requires the cloud to compute on encrypted data. Trusted modules, such as SGX enclaves, promise to provide a secure environment in which data can be decrypted and then processed. However, vulnerabilities in the executed program, which becomes part of the trusted code base (TCB), give attackers ample opportunity to execute arbitrary code inside the enclave. This code can modify the dataflow of the program and leak secrets via SGX side-channels. Since any larger code base is rife with vulnerabilities, it is not a good idea to outsource entire programs to SGX enclaves. A secure alternative relying solely on cryptography would be fully homomorphic encryption. However, due to its high computational complexity it is unlikely to be adopted in the near future. Researchers have made several proposals for transforming programs to perform encrypted computations on less powerful encryption schemes. Yet current approaches do not support programs making control-flow decisions based on encrypted data.
We introduce the concept of dataflow authentication (DFAuth) to enable such programs. DFAuth prevents an adversary from arbitrarily deviating from the dataflow of a program. Our technique hence offers protections against the side-channel attacks described above. We implemented DFAuth using a novel authenticated homomorphic encryption scheme, a Java bytecode-tobytecode compiler producing fully executable programs, and an SGX enclave running a small and program-independent TCB. We applied DFAuth to an existing neural network that performs machine learning on sensitive medical data. The transformation yields a neural network with encrypted weights, which can be evaluated on encrypted inputs in 0.86 s.