bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of intrinsic suitable sites in Gaza Strip for the application of artificial groundwater recharge using a geographic information system multicriteria decision analysis
Authors: Ajjur Salah B. , Mogheir Yunes K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractGaza coastal aquifer is perceived as the only natural source of water in Gaza Strip (GS), providing water for about 1.9 million inhabitants living in an area of 365 km2. GS annual mean precipitation is about 325 mm, but this precipitation is not exploited properly to feed the aquifer. This study aims to identify the intrinsic suitable sites in GS for the implementation of artificial groundwater recharge. The most suitable sites were identified using a geographic information system multicriteria decision analysis based on four criteria: hydrogeological aptitude, soil, slope, and land use. Three steps were carried out to find these sites: screening for suitable areas, suitability mapping, and sensitivity analysis. The suitability map was divided into two zones after the screening: available and unavailable. Available areas (70% of total GS area) were further divided into four classes according to the weighted linear combination ranking. The findings show that 60% of GS areas are suitable for artificial recharge application. After that, seven current storm water‐collection basins were assigned. Five of them were found to be corresponded with sites suitability analysis. This map is a powerful tool for implementation of recharge techniques in GS.
Alq3 saturable absorber for generating Q‐switched pulses in erbium‐doped fiber laser
Authors: Samsamnun Farina S. M. , Zulkipli Nur F. , Khudus Muhammad I. M. A. , Shuhaimi Ahmad , Majid Wan H. A. , Harun Sulaiman W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractQ‐switch pulses were successfully produced utilizing an organic saturable absorber (SA) to modulate loss inside an erbium‐doped fiber laser (EDFL) cavity. The organic material was tris‐(8‐hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) and it was mixed with polyvinyl alcohol to form a film. The Q‐switched EDFL operated at 1564.1 nm and the generated pulses were stable with tunable repetition rates. The repetition rates increased from 45.87 to 68.03 kHz as the pump power was elevated from 42.8 to 84.0 mW. Within this power range, the maximum pulse energy and the shortest pulse width were obtained at 139 nJ and 6.03 μs, respectively. The fundamental frequency of the electrical spectrum has a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 64 dB and thus verifies the stability of the laser. The results indicate that the proposed Alq3 material is feasible for use as SA in realizing a reliably stable and flexible Q‐switch laser for 1.5 μm operation.
A novel nonsmooth dynamics method for multibody systems with friction and impact based on the symplectic discrete format
Authors: Peng Haijun , Song Ningning , Kan Ziyun 
Published: November 2019

SummaryAs multibody systems often involve unilateral constraints, nonsmooth phenomena, such as impacts and friction, are common in engineering. Therefore, a valid nonsmooth dynamics method is highly important for multibody systems. An accuracy representation of multibody systems is an important performance indicator of numerical algorithms, and the energy balance can be used efficiently evaluate the performance of nonsmooth dynamics methods. In this article, differential algebraic equations (DAEs) of a multibody system are constructed using the D'Alembert's principle, and a novel nonsmooth dynamics method based on symplectic discrete format is proposed. The symplectic discrete format can maintain the energy conservation of a conservative system; this property is expected to extend to nonconservative systems with nonsmooth phenomena in this article. To evaluate the properties of the proposed method, several numerical examples are considered, and the results of the proposed method are compared with those of Moreau's midpoint rule. The results demonstrate that the solutions obtained using the proposed method, which is based on the symplectic discrete format, can realize a higher solution accuracy and lower numerical energy dissipation, even under a large time step.
Development and validation of Nurse Managers’ Empowering Behavioral Scale for staff nurses
Authors: Sasaki Miki , Ogata Yasuko , Morioka Noriko , Yumoto Yoshie , Yonekura Yuki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimIn this study, we developed and verified the Nurse Managers’ Empowering Behavioral Scale for Staff Nurses (NMEB‐SN).DesignA cross‐sectional survey.MethodsThe NMEB‐SN was developed based on the staff nurses’ perspectives. Nurses working in 10 hospitals in Japan were surveyed using a questionnaire to test the scale's validity using construct and criterion‐related validity and reliability using internal consistency and test–retest method. There were 1,146 eligible participants included in the process.ResultsThe scale items resulted in five subscales comprising of 48 items altogether. The goodness‐of‐fit indices for confirmatory factor analysis were CFI = 0.903 and RMSEA = 0.076. The correlation with external criteria for criterion‐related validity was near the expected standard. Further, Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.95–0.97 for each subscale and 0.99 for the overall scale. The reliability and validity of the developed NMEB‐SN were verified for staff nurses in Japan.
Obesity and the Built Environment: A Reappraisal
Authors: Drewnowski Adam , Buszkiewicz James , Aggarwal Anju , Rose Chelsea , Gupta Shilpi , Bradshaw Annie 
Published: November 2019

The built environment (BE) has been viewed as an important determinant of health. Numerous studies have linked BE exposure, captured using a variety of methods, to diet quality and to area prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. First‐generation studies defined the neighborhood BE as the area around the home. Second‐generation studies turned from home‐centric to person‐centric BE measures, capturing an individual’s movements in space and time. Those studies made effective uses of global positioning system tracking devices and mobile phones, sometimes coupled with accelerometers and remote sensors. Activity space metrics explored travel paths, modes, and destinations to assess BE exposure that was both person and context specific. However, as measures of the contextual exposome have become ever more fine‐grained and increasingly complex, connections to long‐term chronic diseases with complex etiologies, such as obesity, are in danger of being lost. Furthermore, few studies on obesity and the BE have included intermediate energy balance behaviors, such as diet and physical activity, or explored the potential roles of social interactions or psychosocial pathways. Emerging survey‐based applications that identify habitual destinations and associated travel patterns may become the third generation of tools to capture health‐relevant BE exposures in the long term.
Incident investigation work‐aid tool for process safety management compliance in process industries
Authors: Abdul Majid Noor Diana , M. Shariff Azmi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIncident investigations conducted in industries vary based on company policies and authorities' requirements. One of the related regulations as required by authorities is based on incident investigation elements of the process safety management (PSM) standard, 29 CFR 1910.119(m). This standard outlines the requirements for identification of catastrophic incident, incident investigation team setup, report writings, follow‐up actions on the established recommendations, communication of incident investigation findings with relevant personnel, and report record keeping. Many companies implement that the incident investigations based on 29 CFR 1910.119(m) likely lead to noncompliance due to wrong interpretations of the requirements. This article presents a structured and easy technique to conduct and implement incident investigations that comply with Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) PSM 29 CFR 1910.119(m). A framework and a work‐aid tool for incident investigation were developed and validated with a previous incident investigation of a catastrophic accident as a case study. The developed work‐aid tool could benefit the process industries to track and manage incident investigation activities systematically. It also helps to prompt users on the necessary actions to close the identified gaps that caused the accident. This technique allows users to manage incident investigation better, to avoid recurrence of the same accident in future, and at the same time to reduce adverse impacts on people, environment, and assets.
Molecular networking‐based dereplication of strictosidine‐derived monoterpene indole alkaloids from the curare ingredient Strychnos peckii
Authors: Santos Carla L.G. , Angolini Célio F.F. , Neves Kidney O.G. , Costa Emmanoel V. , de Souza Afonso D.L. , Pinheiro Maria Lúcia B. , Koolen Hector H.F. , da Silva Felipe M.A. 
Published: November 2019

RationaleMonoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are a large group of biologically active compounds produced by hundreds of plant species in numerous plant families, such as Apocynaceae, Loganiaceae and Rubiaceae. Although this diversity is biosynthetically intermediated by strictosidine, there are no works focused on the fragmentation patterns under collision‐induced dissociation of strictosidine‐derived alkaloids.MethodsInitially, the alkaloid fingerprint of Strychnos peckii was established using leaf spray with tandem mass spectrometry (LS‐MS/MS). Then, high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) analyses were carried out to focus on the patterns of neutral losses in product ion scan experiments with the leaf aqueous extract. Finally, the product ion spectra from a set of presumable strictosidine‐type derivatives were analyzed and organized via molecular networking (MN), and dereplicated by manual interpretation of MS/MS spectra.ResultsLS‐MS/MS allowed the tentative identification of strictosidine‐derived alkaloids in the leaves of S. peckii, showing useful neutral losses for the dereplication of strictosidine analogues by HPLC/MS/MS experiments. The use of MN combined with manual interpretation of the fragmentation patterns highlighted characteristic fragmentation pathways, and allowed the tentative identification of strictosidine, desoxycordifoline, strictosidinic acid, 10‐hydroxystrictosidine, 5‐carboxystrictosidine, lyaloside, 3,4‐dehydrostrictosidine and strictosidine lactam.ConclusionsThe use of MN combined with the analysis of the fragmentation patterns proved to be a useful strategy for the dereplication of strictosidine‐derived MIAs from S. peckii, highlighting known and unprecedented structures, as well as useful diagnostic product ions. Therefore, this workflow is an effective approach for the characterization of strictosidine‐type alkaloids in future dereplication works.
Stopping powers and inelastic mean free path from quantitative analysis of experimental REELS spectra for electrons in Ti, Fe, Ni, and Pd
Authors: Suryani Sri , Heryanto  , Tahir Dahlang 
Published: November 2019

Stopping power (SP) and inelastic mean free path (IMFP) of electrons in Ti, Fe, Ni, and Pd have been determined by using dielectric models. We have used energy loss function (ELF) determined from quantitative analysis of experimental reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) spectra as the input parameter for this model. ELF in this study was determined from the previously published quantitative analysis of REELS spectra. The SP of Fe, Ni, Pd, and Ti was compared with several calculation methods for energies from 100 eV to 10 keV and shows SP in this study, which are in best agreement for medium to high energies (greater than or equal to 300 eV). The IMFP obtained in this study shows the best agreement with online database TPP2M and NIST and also calculation by Tanuma with a root mean square (rms) less than 12%. The present approach shows ELF from quantitative analysis of REELS spectra has a high potential for the experimental determination of SP and IMFP of metals.
Effective and efficient Java‐type obfuscation
Authors: Foket Christophe , De Bosschere Koen , De Sutter Bjorn 
Published: November 2019

SummaryTo protect valuable assets embedded in software against reverse‐engineering attacks, software obfuscations aim at raising the apparent complexity of programs and at removing information that is useful for attackers. In this work, we propose to combine five transformations that obfuscate the type hierarchy of Java applications and eliminate much of the type information that can be inferred from the Java bytecode. We rely on some existing algorithms, present adaptations, and introduce new algorithms for some of the transformations, which are all made available in an open‐source prototype implementation ready for take‐up. We present an extensive experimental evaluation on benchmarks of real‐world complexity, using complementary metrics that cover the protection strength against both human and tool‐based reverse‐engineering attack methods. The results indicate that the obfuscation is effective as well as much more efficient than the previous state of the art. For the first time, this makes these obfuscations practically viable in real‐world deployment scenarios.
A noninvasive automated device for remotely collaring and weighing mule deer
Authors: Bishop Chad J. , Alldredge Mathew W. , Walsh Daniel P. , Bergman Eric J. , Anderson Charles R. , Kilpatrick Darlene , Bakel Joe , Febvre Christophe 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTWildlife biologists capture deer (Odocoileus spp.) annually to attach transmitters and collect basic information (e.g., animal mass and sex) as part of ongoing research and monitoring activities. Traditional capture techniques induce stress in animals and can be expensive, inefficient, and dangerous. They are also impractical for some urbanized settings. We designed and evaluated a device for mule deer (O. hemionus) that automatically attached an expandable radiocollar to a ≥6‐month‐old fawn and recorded the fawn's mass and sex, without physically restraining the animal. The device did not require on‐site human presence to operate. Students and faculty in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Colorado State University produced a conceptual model and early prototype. Professional engineers at Dynamic Group Circuit Design, Inc. in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, produced a fully functional prototype of the device. Using the device, we remotely collared, weighed, and identified sex of 8 free‐ranging mule deer fawns during winters 2010–2011 and 2011–2012. Collars were modified to shed from deer approximately 1 month after the collaring event. Two fawns were successfully recollared after they shed the first collars they received. Thus, we observed 10 successful collaring events involving 8 unique fawns. Fawns demonstrated minimal response to collaring events, either remaining in the device or calmly exiting. A fawn typically required ≥1 weeks of daily exposure before fully entering the device and extending its head through the outstretched collar, which was necessary for a collaring event to occur. This slow acclimation period limited utility of the device when compared with traditional capture techniques. Future work should focus on device modifications and altered baiting strategies that decrease fawn acclimation period, and in turn, increase collaring rates, providing a noninvasive and perhaps cost‐effective alternative for monitoring mid‐ to large‐sized mammal species. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Collaboration and integrated water resources management: A literature review
Authors: Galvez Victor , Rojas Rodrigo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCollaboration has been widely recognized as a critical driver for the achievement of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) outcomes; aiming at safeguarding economic, social, and environmental interests within a basin. This paper reviews research on collaboration and its relationship with IWRM. It focuses on the following aspects: (a) when collaboration is needed; (b) frameworks of collaboration; (c) benefits and costs; (d) stakeholder engagement and collaboration; and (e) stakeholder engagement mechanisms for an IWRM. This research reinforces that collaboration has been recognized internationally by multiple agencies and authors as a critical element for IWRM. However, most of the research on collaboration has been focused more on qualitative rather than quantitative aspects, with a special emphasis on benefits over costs. Therefore, future research can further analyze the costs and benefits under a quantitative perspective, in order to evaluate and understand the impact of a collaborative process and support decisions about to what extent collaboration should be undertaken.
Teachers’ Collective Work Inside and Outside School as an Essential Source of Mathematics Teachers’ Documentation Work: Experiences from Japan and China
Authors: Miyakawa Takeshi , Xu Binyan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis chapter aims to report the results of a comparative study of teachers’ documentation work in China and Japan, as well as to share some East Asian experiences that are less accessible to Western researchers. The Chinese case is gathered from teachers’ collective work carried out inside school, and the Japanese case is taken from the group activities of a local mathematics teachers’ association outside school. We analyze in each case teachers’ documentation work as well as resources associated with such work. The comparison of the results of the analyses elucidates the commonalities between the two cases, such as the importance of textbook as a resource and the practice-based and research-oriented professional development, albeit the differences of contexts and institutional frameworks inside and outside school. We lastly discuss the perspectives for future research on the teachers’ collective work with resources.
Nietzsche’s Epistemic Perspectivism
Authors: Hales Steven D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNietzsche offers a positive epistemology, and those who interpret him as a skeptic or a mere pragmatist are mistaken. Instead he supports what he calls perspectivism. This is a familiar take on Nietzsche, as perspectivism has been analyzed by many previous interpreters. The present paper presents a sketch of the textually best supported and logically most consistent treatment of perspectivism as a first-order epistemic theory. What’s original in the present paper is an argument that Nietzsche also offers a second-order methodological perspectivism aimed at enhancing understanding, an epistemic state distinct from knowledge. Just as Descartes considers and rejects radical skepticism while at the same time adopting methodological skepticism, one could consistently reject perspectivism as a theory of knowledge while accepting it as contributing to our understanding. It is argued that Nietzsche’s perspectivism is in fact two-tiered: knowledge is perspectival because truth itself is, and in addition there is a methodological perspectivism in which distinct ways of knowing are utilized to produce understanding. A review of the manner in which understanding is conceptualized in contemporary epistemology and philosophy of science serves to illuminate how Nietzsche was tackling these ideas.
Critical gravity from four dimensional scale invariant gravity
Authors: Edery Ariel , Nakayama Yu 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We show that a critical condition exists in four dimensional scale invariant gravity given by the pure quadratic action 𝛽 CμvσρCμνσρ+ 𝛼 R2 where $$ {C}_{\nu \sigma \rho}^{\mu } $$

C
νσρ
μ

is the Weyl tensor, R is the Ricci scalar and 𝛽 and 𝛼 are dimensionless parameters. The critical condition in a dS or AdS background is 𝛽 = 6𝛼. This leads to critical gravity where the massive spin two physical ghost becomes a massless spin two graviton. In contrast to the original work on critical gravity, no Einstein gravity with a cosmological constant is added explicitly to the higher-derivative action. The critical condition is obtained in two independent ways. In the first case, we show the equivalence between the initial action and an action containing Einstein gravity, a cosmological constant, a massless scalar field plus Weyl squared gravity. The scale invariance is spontaneously broken. The linearized Einstein-Weyl equations about adS or AdS background yield the critical condition 𝛽 = 6𝛼. In the second case, we work directly with the original quadratic action. After a suitable field redefinition, where the metric perturbation is traceless and transverse, we obtain linearized equations about a dS or AdS background that yield the critical condition 𝛽 = 6𝛼. As in the first case, we also obtain a propagating massless scalar field. Substituting 𝛽 = 6𝛼 into the energy and entropy formula for the Schwarzschild and Kerr AdS or dS black hole in higher-derivative gravity yields zero, the same value obtained in the original work on critical gravity. We discuss the role of boundary conditions in relaxing the 𝛽 = 6𝛼 condition.
Neue Impfstoffe gegen Tuberkulose
Authors: Kaufmann Stefan H. E. 
Published: November 2019

ZusammenfassungMit ca. 10 Mio. Erkrankungen und 1,5 Mio. Todesfällen im Jahr 2018 gehört die Tuberkulose (TB) weiterhin zu den bedrohlichsten Infektionskrankheiten weltweit. Dennoch erwartet die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO), dass bis 2035 im Vergleich zu 2015 die Morbidität um 90 % und die Mortalität um 95 % gesenkt werden kann. Zwar stehen uns Diagnostika, Therapeutika und ein Impfstoff zur Verfügung, es besteht aber kein Zweifel, dass bessere Interventionsmaßnahmen benötigt werden, um dieses ehrgeizige Ziel zu erreichen. Der vorhandene Impfstoff Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) schützt Kleinkinder teilweise gegen TB, ist aber weitgehend wirkungslos gegen Lungen-TB bei Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen. Die Möglichkeiten dieses Impfstoffs scheinen jedoch noch nicht voll ausgeschöpft zu sein. Zudem gibt es neue Impfstoffkandidaten, die sich derzeit in klinischer Überprüfung befinden.Da ein Viertel der Menschheit mitMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) latent infiziert ist, müssen neue Impfstoffe nicht nur vor der Infektion (präexpositionell), sondern auch danach (postexpositionell) gegen die Erkrankung wirken. Als klinische Endpunkte werden Schutz vor Infektion, Schutz vor Erkrankung und Schutz vor Wiederauftreten (Rekurrenz) überprüft. Der Schutz gegen TB wird wesentlich von T‑Zell-Antworten getragen, weshalb in der Impfstoffentwicklung der Schwerpunkt hierauf gelegt wird. In der klinischen Überprüfung befinden sich Protein-Adjuvans-Impfstoffe, virale Vektoren, Tot- und Lebendimpfstoffe. Auch die Möglichkeit einer therapeutischen Impfung wird untersucht, um besonders bei multiresistenten TB-Fällen die Chemotherapie zu unterstützen. Es ist wahrscheinlich, dass ein einziger Impfstoff die verschiedenen Zielstellungen nicht erfüllen kann und unterschiedliche Impfstrategien benötigt werden.