bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A town level comprehensive intervention study to reduce salt intake in China: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Xu Jianwei , Tang Biwei , Liu Min , Bai Yamin , Yan Wei , Zhou Xue , Xu Zhihua , He Jun , Jin Donghui , Sun Jixin , Li Yuan , He Feng J , MacGregor Graham A , Wu Jing , Zhang Puhong 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionSalt intake in China (≈12 g/day) is more than twice the upper limit recommended by the WHO (5 g/day). To reduce salt intake, Action on Salt China (ASC) was launched in 2017. As one of four randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in the ASC programme, a comprehensive intervention study was designed to test whether all the components of the interventions adopted by other RCTs are acceptable, scalable and effective when provided to a region in the real world.Methods and analysisUsing a cluster RCT design, 2688 participants were selected from 48 towns (clusters) in 12 counties in 6 provinces and assigned to the intervention group or the control group. Randomisation was performed after the baseline survey was completed. Information on salt-related knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP), blood pressure and 24-hour urinary sodium were collected. The intervention includes government engagement, health education and other intervention components targeting restaurants, home cooks and primary school students and their families that have been used in other RCTs. The control group will not receive the intervention. The project will be followed up for 2 years, with the intervention being carried out for the first year only. The primary outcome is salt intake measured by 24-hour urinary sodium excretion after 1 year. The secondary outcomes are the long-lasting effectiveness on salt intake and blood pressure measured by the same method, as well as salt-related KAP and blood pressure at the 1-year and 2-year follow-ups. Process evaluation and health economics analysis will be conducted as well.Ethics and disseminationThe study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and Queen Mary Research Ethics Committee. Results will be disseminated through presentations, publications and social media.Trial registration numberChiCTR1800018119
Evaluation of community pharmacists’ readiness to implement the Falsified Medicines Directive (Directive 2011/62/EC): an English cross-sectional survey with geospatial analysis
Authors: Barrett Ravina 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the readiness to implement the Falsified Medicines Directive (FMD) by community pharmacies in England. Eight secondary objectives were assessed.SettingCommunity/retail pharmacies.ParticipantsWe invited pharmacists from 501 pharmacies to complete a survey. Non-contractors, non-pharmacists or pharmacists practising abroad were excluded. We randomly selected addresses, ensuring that they were nationally representative.InterventionsWe mailed the survey in October 2018 with a single follow-up in January 2019. Respondents were invited to provide self-reported answers. A prepaid self-addressed envelope was provided. We received favourable ethical approval.Results102 responses (20.44% response rate) were received. Readiness to implement was poor: 4 (3.9%) said very much, while 40 (39.2%) said not at all and 29 (28.4%) said not really. Increased workload and reduced profitability were anticipated, accompanied with improved patient safety. Prevalence of ‘substandard and falsified (SF) medical products’ was estimated at 1%–5%, with erectile dysfunction at greatest risk of falsification. Different packaging would raise suspicions. Five (4.9%) had identified SFs (p<0.001 one-sample binomial test). Of these, three (2.9%) informed the medicines agency. None had been involved in any public health campaigns. Confidence and self-efficacy was low. Strategies to reduce SFs reaching the public are described. Pharmacist’s role in combating SFs was elucidated. SFs were identified in deprived areas 4 (9%) more often than in affluent areas 1 (2%).ConclusionsMany pharmacies are not ready to implement FMD, potentially not capturing anticipated benefits of the directive, with greatest risk of harm in deprived area. We further validated a confidence scale. Limited public health campaigns may result in a lack of awareness among pharmacy professionals and patients. Limited awareness of technologies to identify falsified medicines exist, though further training is welcome. A worrying trend of under-reporting maybe prevalent. A larger sample study using this survey would be valuable.
Epidemiology of at-risk alcohol use and associated comorbidities of interest among community-dwelling older adults: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Latanioti Maria , Schuster Jean-Pierre , Rosselet Amoussou Joelle , Strippoli Marie-Pierre F. , von Gunten Armin , Ebbing Karsten , Verloo Henk 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionThere is little epidemiological evidence and knowledge about at-risk alcohol use among community-dwelling older adults and their chronic and acute alcohol-related comorbidities of interest. This systematic review will summarise and examine relevant studies about the epidemiology of at-risk alcohol use and associated comorbidities of interest in this population.MethodsWe will search the following databases, without language or date restrictions, from inception to 31 August 2019: Embase.com, Medline Ovid SP, Pubmed (NOT medline[sb]), CINAHL EBSCO, PsycINFO Ovid SP, Central—Cochrane Library Wiley and Web of Science (Core Collection). Search strategies will be developed in collaboration with a librarian. We will use predefined search terms for alcoholism, epidemiology, the elderly, living place and comorbidities of interest, as well as terms related to the identification of “measurements”, “tools” or “instruments” for measuring harm from alcohol use. At-risk status will be determined by the amount of alcohol consumed and any comorbidities of interest associated with at-risk alcohol use, with the latter being documented separately or using an assessment tool for at-risk drinking. We will also examine the bibliographies of all the relevant articles found and search for unpublished studies. We will consider publications in all languages.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is necessary. Results will be presented in national and international conferences on addiction and published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018099965.
Sleep disturbance in patients with cancer: a feasibility study of multimodal therapy
Authors: Yennurajalingam Sriram , Carmack Cindy , Balachandran Dave , Eng Cathy , Lim Bora , Delgado Marvin , Guzman Gutierrez Diana , Raznahan Monica , Park Minjeong , Hess Kenneth R , Williams Janet L , Lu Zhanni , Ochoa Jewel , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundOur aim was to determine feasibility and effect sizes of bright light therapy (BLT), melatonin (MLT), methylphenidate (MP) and eight combinations (BLT+MLT+MP, BLT+MLT, BLT+MP, BLT alone, MLT+MP, MLT alone, MP alone, placebo for BLT, MLT and MP) defined as multimodal therapy (MMT), to improve sleep quality (SQ) (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)) from baseline to day 15. We also examined the effects of MMT on insomnia, fatigue, depression, quality of life and actigraphy.MethodsPatients with advanced cancer with poor SQ (PSQI ≥5) were eligible. Using a double-blind randomised factorial study design, patients were randomised into 1 of the 8 arms for 2 weeks. Feasibility and effect sizes were assessed.Results81% (54/67) of randomised patients completed the study. There were no differences in the demographics and SQ between groups. The adherence rates for BLT, MLT and MP were 93%, 100% and 100%, respectively. BLT+MLT+placebo of MP; BLT+placebo of MLT+placebo of MP; BLT+MLT+MP showed an effect size (Cohen’s d) for change in PSQI scores of 0.64, 0.57 and 0.63, respectively. PSQI change using linear regression showed BLT (n=29) has effect size of 0.46, p=0.017; MLT (n=26), 0.24, p=0.20; MP (n=26), 0.06, p=0.46. No significant differences were observed in scores for insomnia, fatigue, depression, quality of life and actigraphy. There were no differences in adverse events by groups(p=0.80).ConclusionsThe use of MMT to treat SQ disturbance was feasible. BLT+MLT showed the most promising effect size in improvement in SQ, and additional larger studies are needed.Trial registration numberNCT01628029.
Methotrexate effect on immunogenicity and long-term maintenance of adalimumab in axial spondyloarthritis: a multicentric randomised trial
Authors: Ducourau Emilie , Rispens Theo , Samain Marine , Dernis Emmanuelle , Le Guilchard Fabienne , Andras Lucia , Perdriger Aleth , Lespessailles Eric , Martin Antoine , Cormier Grégoire , Armingeat Thomas , Devauchelle-Pensec Valérie , Gervais Elisabeth , Le Goff Benoit , de Vries Annick , Piver Eric , Paintaud Gilles , Desvignes Céline , Ternant David , Watier Hervé , Goupille Philippe , Mulleman Denis 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesAnti-drug antibodies (ADA) are responsible for decreased adalimumab efficacy in axial spondyloarthritis (SpA). We aimed to evaluate the ability of methotrexate (MTX) to decrease adalimumab immunisation.MethodsA total of 110 patients eligible to receive adalimumab 40 mg subcutaneously (s.c.) every other week were randomised (1:1 ratio) to receive, 2 weeks before adalimumab (W-2) and weekly, MTX 10 mg s.c. (MTX+) or not (MTX−). ADA detection and adalimumab serum concentration were assessed at weeks 4 (W4), 8 (W8), 12 (W12) and 26 (W26) after starting adalimumab (W0). The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with ADA at W26. Four years after the study completion, we retrospectively analysed adalimumab maintenance in relation with MTX co-treatment duration.ResultsWe analysed data for 107 patients (MTX+; n=52; MTX-; n=55). ADA were detected at W26 in 39/107 (36.4%) patients: 13/52 (25%) in the MTX+ group and 26/55 (47.3%) in the MTX− group (p=0.03). Adalimumab concentration was significantly higher in the MTX+ than MTX− group at W4, W8, W12 and W26. The two groups did not differ in adverse events or efficacy. In the follow-up study, MTX co-treatment >W26 versus no MTX or ≤W26 was significantly associated with adalimumab long-term maintenance (p=0.04).ConclusionMTX reduces the immunogenicity and ameliorate the pharmacokinetics of adalimumab in axial SpA. A prolonged co-treatment of MTX>W26 seems to increase adalimumab long-term maintenance.
Relationship between expression pattern of vitamin D receptor, 1 alpha‐hydroxylase enzyme, and chemokine RANTES genes and selected serum parameters during transition period in Holstein dairy cows
Authors: Saed Hala A R , Ibrahim Hussam M M , El‐Khodery Sabry A , Youssef Mohamed A 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the pattern of genetic expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1 alpha‐hydroxylase (1α‐OHase) enzyme and chemokine regulated on activation normal T‐cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in peripheral blood of Holstein dairy cows during transition period.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 16 Holstein dairy cows at 3 weeks prior expected date of delivery (EDD), at the day of parturition, and 3 weeks post‐partum for assessment of expression profile of studied genes using real‐time PCR and measurement of glucose, ionized calcium (Ca), parathyroid hormone (PTH), inorganic phosphorous (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), and magnesium (Mg) levels.ResultsCompared with 3 weeks prior EDD, VDR gene expression decreased significantly at the day of parturition then increased significantly at 3 weeks post‐partum. The genetic expression of 1α‐OHase enzyme as well as PTH, K, Na and Cl levels increased significantly at the day of parturition. The Ca level decreased significantly at the day of parturition then increased significantly at 3 weeks post‐partum. The P level increased significantly at the day of parturition then decreased significantly at 3 weeks post‐partum. Glucose level decreased significantly at the day of parturition and at 3 weeks post‐partum. RANTES gene expression showed non‐significant changes among the three different time points. The expression of VDR gene had a negative correlation with the expression of 1α‐OHase enzyme gene, and serum levels of glucose, PTH, P and K, but had a positive correlation with the serum Ca level. The expression of 1α‐OHase enzyme gene had a positive correlation with serum levels of PTH, P and K, but had a negative correlation with the serum Ca level.ConclusionsResults of the current study indicate the importance of monitoring the genetic expression of VDR and 1α‐OHase enzyme as indicators of metabolic changes during transition period, suggesting that they are candidate genes to judge the health status of dairy cows during such period.
Room-temperature magnetoresistance of nanocrystalline Ni metal with various grain sizes
Authors: Isnaini V. A. , Kolonits T. , Czigány Zs. , Gubicza J. , Zsurzsa S. , Varga L. K. , Tóth-Kádár E. , Pogány L. , Péter L. , Bakonyi I. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe room-temperature magnetoresistance (MR) characteristics of nanocrystalline (nc) Ni metal with various grain sizes (between 30 and 100 nm) are investigated in this work for the first time. The nc-Ni foils were produced by electrodeposition and the results are compared with data measured on coarse-grained (bulk) pure Ni metal samples prepared by cold-rolling and annealing. The MR(H) curves measured in magnetic fields up to H = 9 kOe are analyzed in detail to determine the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) ratio. The magnitude of the AMR ratio was found to be around 2.5% for bulk Ni and in the range from about 2 to 2.5% for the nc-Ni samples, the latter data not exhibiting a systematic dependence on the grain size. On the other hand, the field-induced resistivity anisotropy splitting ∆ρAMR in the magnetically saturated state of the nc-Ni series was found to be proportional to the zero-field resistivity of the same samples with different grain sizes. The slope of this proportionality relation provided an AMR ratio of 2.4% for all nc-Ni samples, matching well the value for the bulk Ni samples. Thus, the AMR ratio for polycrystalline Ni metal seems to be fairly independent of the microstructural features. This also means that the AMR ratio is an inherent characteristic of the Ni metal matrix and it remains the same even if the matrix resistivity changes (e.g., by introducing grain boundaries) without noticeably modifying the electronic density of states at least in the vicinity of the Fermi level.
Chapter 24 Carboniferous–Neogene tectonic evolution of the Fennoscandian transition zone, southern Sweden
Authors: Erlström Mikael 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The Fennoscandian transition zone, including the Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone, constitutes the weakened and faulted bedrock between a craton, including the ancient continent Baltica to the north, and the boundary between Baltica and Avalonia along the Trans-European Fault Zone to the south. Early Permian subsidence in this transition zone resulted in the development of various basins and the initiation of a more or less continuous Permian–Paleogene depositional cycle. In southwestern Sweden, magmatic activity associated with transtensional deformation along the Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone prevailed during the Late Carboniferous–Permian. However, the transition zone is dominated by a Mesozoic sedimentary rock succession displaying both hiatuses and great lateral variability in composition and thickness, which can be related to several tectonic events including the progressive break-up of Pangaea. Much of the deposition took place in continental, coastal and shallow-marine settings. Early–Middle Jurassic block faulting and basanitic or melanephelinitic volcanism, as well as Late Cretaceous tectonic inversion along the Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone, related to a changeover to a predominantly compressive tectonic regime coeval with the Alpine orogeny, significantly influenced the depositional setting. Subsequent Paleogene–Neogene regional uplift of the southwestern margin of Baltica resulted in significant erosion of the bedrock.
Chapter 18 Tonian–Cryogenian rifting and Cambrian–Early Devonian platformal to foreland basin development outside the Caledonide orogen
Authors: Wickström Linda M. , Stephens Michael B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Different parts of a Tonian–Early Devonian sedimentary succession, covering Proterozoic crystalline basement, occur along the erosional front to the Caledonide orogen, as outliers and coastal strips on land, and as more continuous strata in offshore areas. Rift-related Tonian–Cryogenian siliciclastic sedimentation preceded the break-up of the supercontinent Rodinia, the birth of Baltica and surrounding oceanic realms during the Ediacaran, and a marine transgression across Baltica during the Cambrian. An Ediacaran alkaline and carbonatite intrusive complex in central Sweden formed in connection with the extensional activity. Subsequently, during the Cambrian–Early Devonian, Baltica drifted northwards in the southern hemisphere to the equator, and six different lithofacies associations containing both siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentation were deposited in platformal shelf and Caledonian foreland basin settings. Bentonites in Ordovician and early Silurian successions were coupled to closure of the surrounding oceanic realms. Tectonic processes during the Caledonian orogeny around the margins to Baltica, the distance to different crustal components in this continent and climatic changes steered variations in lithofacies. Resultant fluctuations in sea-level gave rise to hiatuses and palaeo-karsts. Uranium and other metals in kerogen-rich black shales (Cambrian–Early Ordovician), hydrocarbons, stratabound Pb–Zn sulphide deposits in Cambrian (–Ediacaran?) sandstone, and limestone constitute the main resources.
Chapter 10 Magmatism (1.6–1.4 Ga) and Mesoproterozoic sedimentation related to intracratonic rifting coeval with distal accretionary orogenesis
Authors: Ripa Magnus , Stephens Michael B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Separate pulses of magmatic activity involving the emplacement of plutons with predominantly granitic or bimodal granitic and gabbroic composition, as well as dolerite dykes, occurred in a cratonic setting in eastern Sweden at
c.
1.59–1.58 Ga,
c.
1.53–1.50 Ga and
c.
1.47–1.44 Ga; anorthosite, monzodiorite and syenitoid rocks are locally present. Most of the granites have been compared with rapakivi granites in Finland and elsewhere. Isotopic data (Hf in zircons and ɛ
Nd
values) from the plutons in north-central Sweden show contamination by an Archean source. Siliciclastic rocks dominated by aeolian or deltaic sandstones overlie
c.
1.58 Ga or
c.
1.50 Ga plutons, are intercalated with 1.46 Ga basaltic lavas and were deposited prior to the emplacement of 1.27–1.25 Ga dolerites. The magmatic rocks are subalkaline (tholeiitic) to alkaline and the mafic components have been compared with continental flood basalts, suggesting an intracratonic, rift-related tectonic setting for the magmatism and sand deposition. These rocks constitute the westerly part of a late Paleoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic magmatic province in northern Europe, located along roughly north–south- and WSW–ENE-trending linear belts. This tectonic development was coeval with accretionary orogenic activity further to the west and SW.
Chapter 22 Upper and uppermost thrust sheets in the Caledonide orogen, Sweden: outboard oceanic and exotic continental terranes
Authors: Stephens Michael B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Three separate stacks of thrust sheets (Köli Nappe Complex) constitute the Upper Allochthon in the Caledonide orogen, Sweden. This thrust complex is dominated by late Cambrian–Ordovician successions deposited in subduction-related, marginal oceanic basins. Magmatic activity at
c.
488 Ma (Lower Köli) and
c.
492–476 Ma (Middle Köli) is linked to rifted volcanic arcs and Zn–Cu–Fe–(Pb–Au–Ag) sulphide mineralization; serpentinite bodies with talc deposits are also conspicuous. Renewed magmatic activity, both plutonic (Upper and Middle Köli) and mafic volcanic (Middle and Lower Köli), occurred at
c.
440–434 Ma during crustal extension. Late Ordovician shallow-marine sedimentation, deepening upwards into an early Silurian succession also prevailed (Lower Köli). Silurian (
c.
430 Ma and later) folding, eastwards-vergent thrusting and greenschist or lower amphibolite facies metamorphism preceded upright, orogen-parallel and orogen-transverse open folding. Juxtaposition of an arc-related terrane to an ancient continental margin, comprising slices of gneiss and marble, in the Middle Köli occurred prior to
c.
437 Ma and the eastwards-vergent thrusting; remnants of an Ordovician amphibolite facies tectonothermal event are also preserved in the Upper Köli. The tectonic roof to the Köli complex contains amphibolite facies mica schist, gneiss and marble, derived from the Laurentian continental margin, and a major gabbroic pluton (Rödingsfjället Nappe Complex, Uppermost Allochthon).
Analysis of Generalized Peukert’s Equations for Capacity Calculation of Lithium-Ion Cells
Authors: Galushkin N. E. , Yazvinskaya N. N. , Galushkin D. N. 
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the possibility of using generalized Peukert’s equationsC =Cm/(1 + (i/i0)n),C = 0.522Cmtanh((i/i0)n/0.522)/(i/i0)n, andC = Cmerfc((i/ik − 1)/(1/n))/erfc(−n) for the calculation of lithium-ion cells’ released capacity at different discharge currents is analyzed. It is proven that these equations correspond well to the experimental data over the entire change range of the discharge currents. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the parameterndepends on neither cell capacity nor its format or manufacturer; however, it grows with an increase of the ratioi0/Сm(orik/Сm), which depends on an electrode’s effective thickness and the electrochemical system of the lithium-ion cells. Additionally, it is possible to consider the dependence of a lithium-ion cell’s released capacity on a discharge current value as the statistical phase transition subjected to the normal distribution law. The proposed statistical mechanism explains the changes of the parametersnandi0(ik) based on the type of battery studied.
BACH1 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis by Repressing Epithelial Genes and Enhancing Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Sato Masaki , Matsumoto Mitsuyo , Saiki Yuriko , Alam Mahabub , Nishizawa Hironari , Rokugo Masahiro , Brydun Andrey , Yamada Shinji , Kaneko Mika K. , Funayama Ryo , Ito Mamoru , Kato Yukinari , Nakayama Keiko , Unno Michiaki , Igarashi Kazuhiko 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the cancers with the poorest prognoses due to its highly malignant features. BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1) has been implicated in RAS-driven tumor formation. We focused on the role of BACH1 in PDAC, more than 90% of which have KRAS mutation. Knockdown of BACH1 in PDAC cell lines reduced cell migration and invasion, in part, by increasing E-cadherin expression, whereas its overexpression showed opposite effects. BACH1 directly repressed the expression of FOXA1 that is known to activate the expression of CDH1 encoding E-cadherin and to inhibit epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. BACH1 also directly repressed the expression of genes important for epithelial cell adhesion including CLDN3 and CLDN4. In a mouse orthotopic implantation model, BACH1 was required for the high metastatic ability of AsPC-1 cells. IHC analysis of clinical specimens with a newly developed anti-BACH1 mAb revealed that high expression of BACH1 is a poor prognostic factor. These results suggest that the gene regulatory network of BACH1 and downstream genes including CDH1 contribute to the malignant features of PDAC by regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.Significance:Greater understanding of the gene regulatory network involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of pancreatic cancer cells will provide novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers.