bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 0.5–3.0 GHz SP4T RF switch with improved body self-biasing technique in 130-nm SOI CMOS
Authors: Zhang Hao , Cui Qiangsheng , Yan Xu , Shi Jiahui , Lin Fujiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A single-pole four-throw (SP4T) RF switch with charge-pump-based controller is designed and implemented in a commercial 130-nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS process. An improved body self-biasing technique based on diodes is utilized to simplify the controlling circuitry and improve the linearity. A multistack field-effect-transistor (FET) structure with body floating technique is employed to provide good power-handling capability. The proposed design demonstrates a measured input 0.1-dB compression point of 38.5 dBm at 1.9 GHz, an insertion loss of 0.27 dB/0.33 dB and an isolation of 35 dB/27 dB at 900 MHz/1.9 GHz, respectively. The overall chip area is only 0.49 mm2. This RF switch can be used in GSM/WCDMA/LTE front-end modules.
Defect levels in d-electron containing systems: Comparative study of CdTe using LDA and LDA + U
Authors: Yin Yuan , Wang Yu , Chen Guangde , Wu Yelong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The defect properties in d-electron containing materials will be strongly influenced by the non-negligible on-site Coulomb interactions. However, this has been omitted in the current widely adopted standard first-principles calculations, such as LDA, leading to a large deviation of calculated results. Therefore, as a comparative case study, in this paper the defects of CdTe are investigated by first-principles calculations including standard LDA and LDA + U, and we find that LDA + U gives more accurate formation energies of the neutral point defects than the standard LDA. The same trend can be found in transition energies of the charged state defects as well. These comparative analyses show that LDA + U gives better results for the defects of CdTe than the standard LDA and requires less computing resource than LAPW, indicating it should have huge potential to model supercells with large number of atoms and strong electron interactions. Moreover, a new anion interstitial defect structure is found to be more stable than the well-known tetrahedron central anion interstitial defect structure

.
Stellarator-tokamak energy confinement comparison based on ASDEX Upgrade and Wendelstein 7-X hydrogen plasmas
Authors: Stroth U. , Fuchert G. , Beurskens M.N.A. , Birkenmeier G. , Schneider P.A. , Scott E.R. , Brunner K.J. , Günzkofer F. , Hacker P. , Kardaun O. , Knauer J.P. , Rahbarnia K. , Zhang D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A confinement database with mainly electron-heated hydrogen plasmas from ASDEX Upgrade and Wendelstein 7-X was assembled. Stellarator confinement scaling expressions describe both standard discharges in the stellarator and L-mode plasmas in the tokamak similarly well and indicate a similar quality of energy confinement in both devices. While the energy confinement time in ASDEX Upgrade benefits from the smaller aspect ratio of the device, the transport coefficients in Wendelstein 7-X appear to be smaller possibly due to reduced average magnetic field curvature. A physics based confinement scaling is derived from a model that successfully describes transport in tokamaks. The dimensionally correct scaling has very similar parameter dependencies as the stellarator scalings and reproduces also the trends in the data from ITER L- and H-mode databases reasonably well. On the basis of this scaling, which represents the confinement times of the present data base, average tokamak L-mode and H-mode confinement is 7% lower and 76% higher, respectively.
When IPCC graphs can foster or bias understanding: evidence among decision-makers from governmental and non-governmental institutions
Authors: Fischer Helen , van den Broek Karlijn L , Ramisch Kilian , Okan Yasmina 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo develop effective climate change policy, decision-makers need to have the best possible understanding of the available climate science. The IPCC Assessment Reports therefore aim to lay the foundation for informed political decision-making by providing policy-relevant information. But how successful are IPCC reports at communicating key findings? Although IPCC reports display key information in graphs, the interpretation of such graphs has received little attention. Here we provide an empirical evaluation of IPCC graph comprehension among IPCC target audience (N = 110), (political) decision-makers from climate-related (non-)governmental organizations from 54 countries, and a comparative sample of German junior diplomats, representing future international decision-makers (N = 33). We assess comprehension of current climate change risk visualizations using two IPCC graphs, one that employs principles of intuitive design, and one that violates principles of intuitive design. Results showed that (i) while a minority of IPCC target audience misinterpreted the intuitive graph, (ii) the majority of participants systematically misinterpreted the counter-intuitive graph, drawing the opposite conclusion from what was meant to be conveyed by the graph, despite (iii) having high confidence in the accuracy of their interpretation. Since misinterpretation of IPCC graphs does not allow for optimal use of the scientific information for policy-making, the results emphasize the importance of IPCC graphs that follow the principles of intuitive design.
Influence of long-range interaction on degeneracy of eigenvalues of connection matrix of d-dimensional Ising system
Authors: Kryzhanovsky B V , Litinskii L B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We examine connection matrices of Ising systems with long-rang interaction on d-dimensional hypercube lattices of linear dimensions L. We express the eigenvectors of these matrices as the Kronecker products of the eigenvectors for the one-dimensional Ising system. The eigenvalues of the connection matrices are polynomials of the dth degree of the eigenvalues for the one-dimensional system. We show that including of the long-range interaction does not remove the degeneracy of the eigenvalues of the connection matrix. We analyze the eigenvalue spectral density in the limit L → ∞. In the case of the continuous spectrum, for d ⩽ 2 we obtain analytical formulas that describe the influence of the long-range interaction on the spectral density and the crucial changes of the spectrum.
Correlations in the elastic Landau level of spontaneously buckled graphene
Authors: Manesco A L R , Lado J L , Ribeiro E V S , Weber G , Rodrigues Jr D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Electronic correlations stemming from nearly flat bands in van der Waals materials have demonstrated to be a powerful playground to engineer artificial quantum matter, including superconductors, correlated insulators and topological matter. This phenomenology has been experimentally observed in a variety of twisted van der Waals materials, such as graphene and dichalcogenide multilayers. Here we show that spontaneously buckled graphene can yield a correlated state, emerging from an elastic pseudo Landau level. Our results build on top of recent experimental findings reporting that, when placed on top of hBN or NbSe2 substrates, wrinkled graphene sheets relax forming a periodic, long-range buckling pattern. The low-energy physics can be accurately described by electrons in the presence of a pseudo-axial gauge field, leading to the formation of sublattice-polarized Landau levels. Moreover, we verify that the high density of states at the zeroth Landau level leads to the formation of a periodically modulated ferrimagnetic groundstate, which can be controlled by the application of external electric fields. Our results indicate that periodically strained graphene is a versatile platform to explore emergent electronic states arising from correlated elastic Landau levels.
Effect of sulfuric acid concentration on morphology of calcium sulfate hemihydrate crystals
Authors: Wang Yubin , Mao Xinyu , Chen Chang , Wang Wangbo , Dang Weiben 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Calcium sulfate hemihydrate whiskers were prepared in sulfuric acid-distilled water system by hydrothermal method using calcium sulfate dihydrate as raw materials. The influence mechanism of sulfuric acid concentration on morphology of calcium sulfate hemihydrate crystals was investigated. The results show that the morphology of hydrothermal products is fibrous when the suitable sulfuric acid concentration is from 5.0 × 10−6 mol l−1 to 5.0 × 10−4 mol l−1. The promoting effect of sulfuric acid on the dissolution of calcium sulfate dihydrate increases the amount of Ca2+ in the solution, which is beneficial to the crystallization of calcium sulfate hemihydrate crystals. Meanwhile, the selective adsorption of H+ produced by sulfuric acid ionization on the (310) crystal plane of calcium sulfate hemihydrate crystals can hinder the aggregation of Ca2+ on the crystal plane, which results in preferential growth of the calcium sulfate hemihydrate crystal along the (001) crystal plane. However, when the sulfuric acid concentration is up to 5.0 × 10−3 mol l−1, the

HSO

4

−

produced by the interaction of H+ with

SO

4

2
−

can reduce the electronegativity of

SO

4

2
−

and inhibit

SO

4

2
−

adsorption on the crystal surface. So the growth of calcium sulfate hemihydrate crystals along (001) crystal plane is hindered, which leads to the decrease of the fibrous products.
The Iconographical Falls Efficacy Scale (IconFES) in community-dwelling older people—a longitudinal validation study
Authors: Lim Mei Ling , van Schooten Kimberley S , Radford Kylie A , Menant Jasmine , Lord Stephen R , Sachdev Perminder S , Brodaty Henry , Delbaere Kim 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to develop cut-points for the 30-item and 10-item Iconographical Falls Efficacy Scale (IconFES) in community-dwelling older people and evaluate the psychometric properties, including construct and predictive validity with respect to falls and reduced physical activity over 1 year.

Methods
Eight hundred and one participants completed the IconFES and underwent physical, psychological and cognitive measures at baseline. Physical activity was recorded at baseline and 12 months using an activity monitor, and 1-year fall incidence was collected using monthly falls calendars.

Results
Using receiver-operating characteristic curves and the Youden’s index for history of falls, physiological fall risk and depressive symptoms, cut-points were defined to differentiate between low and high concern about falling (30-item: &lt;53; 10-item: &lt;19). For the 30-item IconFES, we additionally defined cut-points for low (≤40), moderate (41–58) and high (≥59) concern about falling. Groups based on these cut-points differed significantly: low coordinated stability, executive function and amount of daily walking, and high level of disability (30-item version) and female gender (low/high 30-item version). Although there were some inconsistencies across IconFES classifications, high concern about falling predicted having had multiple falls or multiple/injurious falls, low amount of daily walking and low movement intensity at 12 months.

Conclusions
The developed IconFES cut-points were sensitive to variables associated with concern about falling and predicted fall incidence and physical activity restriction after 12 months. Applying these cut-points appears useful to identify older people with high concern about falling, who are at higher risk of falls and activity curtailment.
Neighborhood Deprivation, Obesity, and Diabetes in Residents of the US Gulf Coast
Authors: Hu Michael D , Lawrence Kaitlyn G , Bodkin Mark R , Kwok Richard K , Engel Lawrence S , Sandler Dale P 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Socioeconomic status has been associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors. However, few studies have examined this relationship among populations in the US Gulf Coast region. We assessed neighborhood deprivation in relation to obesity and diabetes in 9,626 residents participating in the Gulf Long-Term Follow-Up Study (2011–present) who completed a home visit (2011–2013) with height, weight, waist, and hip measurements. Obesity was categorized as body mass index of at least 30, and diabetes was defined by doctor’s diagnosis or prescription medication. Participant home addresses were linked to an established Area Deprivation Index and categorized into 4 levels (1 = least deprived). In adjusted, modified Poisson regression models, participants with greatest deprivation were more likely to have obesity compared with those with least deprivation (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.35), central obesity (aPR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.19), and diabetes (aPR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.14). Repeated analyses among a subgroup of participants (n = 3,016) whose hemoglobin A1C values were measured 3 years later indicated the association with diabetes (defined as diagnosis, medications, or hemoglobin A1C ≥ 6.5) was similar (aPR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.86). Results suggest neighborhood deprivation is associated with obesity and diabetes in a US region with high baseline prevalence.
Misclassification Error–Adjusted Prevalence of Injection Drug Use Among Infective Endocarditis Hospitalizations in the United States: A Serial Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2007–2016 National Inpatient Sample
Authors: McGrew Kaitlin M , Garwe Tabitha , Jafarzadeh S Reza , Drevets Douglas A , Zhao Yan Daniel , Williams Mary B , Carabin Hélène 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Administrative health databases have been used to monitor trends in infective endocarditis hospitalization related to nonprescription injection drug use (IDU) using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code algorithms. Because no ICD code for IDU exists, drug dependence and hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been used as surrogate measures for IDU, making misclassification error (ME) a threat to the accuracy of existing estimates. In a serial cross-sectional analysis, we compared the unadjusted and ME-adjusted prevalences of IDU among 70,899 unweighted endocarditis hospitalizations in the 2007–2016 National Inpatient Sample. The unadjusted prevalence of IDU was estimated with a drug algorithm, an HCV algorithm, and a combination algorithm (drug and HCV). Bayesian latent class models were used to estimate the median IDU prevalence and 95% Bayesian credible intervals and ICD algorithm sensitivity and specificity. Sex- and age group-stratified IDU prevalences were also estimated. Compared with the misclassification-adjusted prevalence, unadjusted estimates were lower using the drug algorithm and higher using the combination algorithm. The median ME-adjusted IDU prevalence increased from 9.7% (95% Bayesian credible interval (BCI): 6.3, 14.8) in 2008 to 32.5% (95% BCI: 26.5, 38.2) in 2016. Among persons aged 18–34 years, IDU prevalence was higher in females than in males. ME adjustment in ICD-based studies of injection-related endocarditis is recommended.
How Effective Is the Filtration of ‘KN95’ Filtering Facepiece Respirators During the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Authors: Brochot Clothilde , Saidi Mohamed N , Bahloul Ali 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The high demand of filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) worldwide during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a critical situation for decision-makers regarding their supply. After authorizing the use of FFRs certified by other regions of the world, decision-makers in many countries have published alerts, particularly concerning the ‘KN95’ type.

Methods
This paper investigated the filtration performance of different FFRs using an experimental setup already employed during several studies on FFRs filtration performance. Its high-resolution measuring devices permit to determine filtration performance according to the normative criteria: the pressure drop and the filtration efficiency. Eight different FFRs have been used: four NIOSH-approved FFRs and four not NIOSH-approved with a ‘KN95’ shape available during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
The data show a high disparity between different FFRs purchased by healthcare establishments, and between those that are NIOSH-approved and those that are not NIOSH-approved. The results confirm that the NIOSH certification offers good protection according to the normative criteria. The ‘KN95’ types present pressure drops which correspond to the normative value, however their efficiencies are lower than the efficiencies of FFRs certified by NIOSH and lower than 95% at the most penetrate particle size.

Conclusions
FFRs marking is not sufficient to conclude on the FFRs’ efficiency. Visual inspection can not determine which samples are counterfeit or have manufacturing defects.
Symptom Factors and Neuropsychological Performance in Collegiate Athletes with Chronic Concussion Symptoms
Authors: Guty Erin , Riegler Kaitlin , Meyer Jessica , Walter Alexa E , Slobounov Semyon M , Arnett Peter 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
The present study explored the relationship between specific types of postconcussion symptoms and cognitive outcomes in student–athletes with chronic concussion symptoms.

Method
Forty student–athletes with chronic concussion symptoms were given a battery of neuropsychological tests and rated themselves on a variety of postconcussion symptoms, which included the following factors derived from prior work: Physical, Sleep, Cognitive, Affective, and Headache. Cognitive outcomes included performance on composites for the memory and attention/executive functioning speed tests, respectively. The following covariates were also explored: Sex, depression symptoms, number of previous concussions, and time since injury.

Results
Headache was the only individual symptom factor that significantly (p &lt; .05) predicted worse attention/executive functioning performance. None of the symptom factors were significantly related to memory performance over and above the variable of time since injury, such that longer time since injury was related to worse memory performance.

Conclusion
Comparable to work examining symptom predictors of cognitive outcomes in acutely concussed samples, headache predicted worse attention/executive functioning performance. Additionally, we found that the longer athletes had been symptomatic since injury, the “worse” their memory functioning. Understanding how headache and the length of time an individual is symptomatic are related to cognitive outcomes can help inform treatment and recommendations for athletes with prolonged symptom recovery.
Pathways linking female personality with reproductive success are trait- and year-specific
Authors: Thys Bert , Eens Marcel , Pinxten Rianne , Iserbyt Arne 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPersonality (i.e., among-individual variation in average behavior) often covaries with fitness, but how such personality–fitness relationships come about is poorly understood. Here, we explore potential mechanisms by which two female personality traits (female–female aggression and female nest defense as manifested by hissing behavior) were linked with annual reproductive success in a population of great tits (Parus major), a socially monogamous species with biparental care. We hypothesized that personality-related differences in reproductive success result from variation in reproductive decision (lay date, brood size) and/or parental provisioning rates. Relative support for these mechanisms was evaluated using path analysis on data collected in two successive years. We reveal that larger broods were provisioned at a higher rate by both parents and that female, but not male, provisioning rate was involved in the trade-off between offspring number (brood size) and fledgling mass. Among-individual variation in female aggression, via its association with female provisioning rate, was negatively linked to fledgling mass (i.e., indirect effect), yet only in one of the study years. Male provisioning rate did not influence these relationships. In contrast, among-individual variation in hissing behavior was directly and negatively linked with fledgling mass in both years, via an underlying mechanism that remains to be identified (i.e., direct effect). Together, our findings emphasize that personality–fitness relationships may come about via different mechanisms across personality traits and/or years, thereby illustrating additional complexity in how selection might act on and maintain among-individual variation in behavioral phenotypes in the wild.
dNEMO: a tool for quantification of mRNA and punctate structures in time-lapse images of single cells
Authors: Kowalczyk Gabriel J , Cruz J Agustin , Guo Yue , Zhang Qiuhong , Sauerwald Natalie , Lee Robin E C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Many biological processes are regulated by single molecules and molecular assemblies within cells that are visible by microscopy as punctate features, often diffraction limited. Here, we present detecting-NEMO (dNEMO), a computational tool optimized for accurate and rapid measurement of fluorescent puncta in fixed-cell and time-lapse images.

Results
The spot detection algorithm uses the à trous wavelet transform, a computationally inexpensive method that is robust to imaging noise. By combining automated with manual spot curation in the user interface, fluorescent puncta can be carefully selected and measured against their local background to extract high-quality single-cell data. Integrated into the workflow are segmentation and spot-inspection tools that enable almost real-time interaction with images without time consuming pre-processing steps. Although the software is agnostic to the type of puncta imaged, we demonstrate dNEMO using smFISH to measure transcript numbers in single cells in addition to the transient formation of IKK/NEMO puncta from time-lapse images of cells exposed to inflammatory stimuli. We conclude that dNEMO is an ideal user interface for rapid and accurate measurement of fluorescent molecular assemblies in biological imaging data.

Availability and implementation
The data and software are freely available online at https://github.com/recleelab.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
An efficient and robust approach to Mendelian randomization with measured pleiotropic effects in a high-dimensional setting
Authors: Grant Andrew J , Burgess Stephen 
Published: September 2020

Summary
Valid estimation of a causal effect using instrumental variables requires that all of the instruments are independent of the outcome conditional on the risk factor of interest and any confounders. In Mendelian randomization studies with large numbers of genetic variants used as instruments, it is unlikely that this condition will be met. Any given genetic variant could be associated with a large number of traits, all of which represent potential pathways to the outcome which bypass the risk factor of interest. Such pleiotropy can be accounted for using standard multivariable Mendelian randomization with all possible pleiotropic traits included as covariates. However, the estimator obtained in this way will be inefficient if some of the covariates do not truly sit on pleiotropic pathways to the outcome. We present a method that uses regularization to identify which out of a set of potential covariates need to be accounted for in a Mendelian randomization analysis in order to produce an efficient and robust estimator of a causal effect. The method can be used in the case where individual-level data are not available and the analysis must rely on summary-level data only. It can be used where there are any number of potential pleiotropic covariates up to the number of genetic variants less one. We show the results of simulation studies that demonstrate the performance of the proposed regularization method in realistic settings. We also illustrate the method in an applied example which looks at the causal effect of urate plasma concentration on coronary heart disease.