bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Matrix Metalloproteinases in Cerebrospinal Fluids of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder and Schizophrenia
Authors: Omori Wataru , Hattori Kotaro , Kajitani Naoto , Okada-Tsuchioka Mami , Boku Shuken , Kunugi Hiroshi , Okamoto Yasumasa , Takebayashi Minoru 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundChronic inflammation of the brain has a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are extracellular proteases involved in pro-inflammatory processes and interact with interleukin-6, which is increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with MDD and SCZ. However, MMPs in the CSF in patients with MDD and SCZ remain unclear. Therefore, we compared MMPs in the CSF of patients with MDD and SCZ with those of healthy controls (HC).MethodsJapanese patients were diagnosed with DSM-IV-TR and clinical symptoms were assessed with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression for MDD and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for SCZ. CSF was obtained from MDD (n = 90) and SCZ (n = 86) and from age- and sex-matched HC (n = 106). The levels of MMPs in CSF were measured with multiplex bead-based immunoassay.ResultsThe levels of MMP-2 in CSF were higher in both MDD and SCZ than HC and were positively correlated with clinical symptomatic scores in MDD, but not in SCZ. Regardless of diagnosis, the levels of MMP-2, -7, and -10 were positively correlated with each other, and the levels of MMP-7 and -10 were higher in MDD, but not in SCZ, compared with HC.ConclusionIncreased CSF levels of MMP-2 in MDD and SCZ may be associated with brain inflammation. State-dependent alteration of MMP-2 and activation of cascades involving MMP-2, -7, and -10 appeared to have a role in the pathophysiology of MDD.
Disintegration and Change in the International Law on Foreign Investment
Authors: Sornarajah Muthucumaraswamy 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Resistance to the law made through expansionist interpretation of investment treaties by arbitral tribunals has led to the disintegration of the resulting structure of investment protection. The creation of an inflexible system of investment protection through arbitral interpretation undermines the exercise of power of states to take measures to protect the public interest. The process of disintegration of this unjust system must be hastened through the creation of new norms that ensure that obligatory rules deter the misconduct of multinational investors. If investment treaties are necessary, the regulatory power of states to promote the public interest should be given priority over investment protection.
A Gene-Expression Predictor for Efficacy of Induction Chemotherapy in Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Lei Yuan , Li Ying-Qin , Jiang Wei , Hong Xiao-Hong , Ge Wen-Xiu , Zhang Yuan , Hu Wei-Han , Wang Ya-Qin , Liang Ye-Lin , Li Jun-Yan , Cho William C S , Yun Jing-Ping , Zeng Jing , Chen Jie-Wei , Liu Li-Zhi , Li Li , Chen Lei , Xie Fang-Yun , Li Wen-Fei , Mao Yan-Ping , Liu Xu , Chen Yu-Pei , Tang Ling-Long , Sun Ying , Liu Na , Ma Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundInduction chemotherapy (IC) followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the mainstay treatment for patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, some patients obtain little benefit and experience unnecessary toxicities from IC. We intended to develop a gene-expression signature that can identify beneficiaries of IC.MethodsWe screened chemosensitivity-related genes by comparing gene-expression profiles of patients with short-term tumor response or nonresponse to IC (n = 95) using microarray analysis. Chemosensitivity-related genes were quantified by digital expression profiling in a training cohort (n = 342) to obtain a gene signature. We then validated this gene signature in the clinical trial cohort (n = 187) and an external independent cohort (n = 240). Tests of statistical significance are 2-sided.ResultsWe identified 43 chemosensitivity-related genes associated with the short-term tumor response to IC. In the training cohort, a 6-gene signature was developed that was highly accurate at predicting the short-term tumor response to IC (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.87, sensitivity = 87.5%, specificity = 75.6%). We further found that IC conferred failure-free survival benefits only in patients in the benefit group (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.34 to 0.87; P = .01) and not on those in the no-benefit group (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.62 to 2.51; P = .53). In the clinical trial cohort, the 6-gene signature was also highly accurate at predicting the tumor response (AUC = 0.82, sensitivity = 87.5%, specificity = 71.8%) and indicated failure-free survival benefits. In the external independent cohort, similar results were observed.ConclusionsThe 6-gene signature can help select beneficiaries of IC and lay a foundation for a more individualized therapeutic strategy for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.
Energy expenditure during pregnancy: a systematic review
Authors: Savard Claudia , Lebrun Audrée , O’Connor Sarah , Fontaine-Bisson Bénédicte , Haman François , Morisset Anne-Sophie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Context
Contrary to nutritional guidelines, accumulating evidence shows that pregnant women’s energy intakes remain stable throughout trimesters. Although pregnant women may eat below their needs or underreport their energy intakes, it is also relevant to question how energy requirements – estimated through measurements of energy expenditure (EE) – change throughout pregnancy.

Objective
This review examined prospective studies that measured EE during pregnancy, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Data sources
PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched to identify relevant publications up to November 14, 2019.

Study selection
All studies that measured EE prospectively and objectively during pregnancy were included in this systematic review. Two authors independently screened 4852 references. A total of 32 studies were included in the final analysis.

Data extraction
One author extracted data and assessed the risk of bias and a second author did so for a random sample of studies (n = 7; 22%).

Data analysis
Increases in resting EE ranged from 0.5% to 18.3% (8–239 kcal), from 3.0% to 24.1% (45–327 kcal), and from 6.4% to 29.6% (93–416 kcal) between early and mid-, mid- and late, and early and late pregnancy, respectively. Increases in total EE ranged from 4.0% to 17.7% (84–363 kcal), from 0.2% to 30.2% (5–694 kcal), and from 7.9% to 33.2% (179–682 kcal) between early and mid-, mid- and late, and early and late pregnancy, respectively. Participants were mainly of normal weight, although many studies did not report important covariates such as prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain adequacy.

Conclusions
Additional high-quality longitudinal studies (ie, with multiple objective measurements of EE in all periods of pregnancy while considering important confounding variables, like gestational weight gain) are required.
RETRACTED: Lepton number violation in a unified framework
Authors: Kawamura Yuta , Matsuo Yamato , Morozumi Takuya , Salim Adam Apriadi , Shimizu Yusuke , Tokunaga Yuya , Toyota Naoya 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We study the time evolution of lepton family number for a neutrino that forms an SU(2) doublet with a charged lepton. The lepton family number is defined through a weak basis of the SU(2) doublet in which the charged lepton mass matrix is a real and diagonal one. The lepton family number carried by the neutrino is defined with a left-handed current of the neutrino family. We study the time evolution of the lepton family number operator for the Majorana neutrino. To be definite, we introduce the mass term at $t=0$ and study the time evolution of the lepton family number for the later time. Since the operator in the flavor eigenstate is continuously connected to that of the mass eigenstate, the creation and annihilation operators for the flavor eigenstates are related to those of the mass eigenstates. The total lepton number of the Majorana neutrino is conserved. By choosing a specific flavor eigenstate of the neutrino as an initial state, we compute the time evolution of all lepton family numbers. They are sensitive to Majorana and Dirac phases and are also sensitive to the absolute mass and mass hierarchy of neutrinos.
Unconstrained Capital? Multinational companies, structural power, and collective goods provision in dual VET
Authors: Unterweger Daniel Franz 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Collective goods provision, most prominent in coordinated market economies, depends on certain institutional conditions that constrain employer behavior and trigger cooperation. Increased capital mobility, characterized by new exit opportunities for business and an influx of multinational companies not anchored in their new home-countries’ institutional environment, loosens those ‘beneficial constraints’. I argue that these challenges do not lead to convergence between globalized locations as the structural power of business depends on the type of firms attracted by local institutional comparative advantages. Comparing collective skill formation in two heavily globalized cantons of Switzerland, I show that a region fundamentally relying on low-tax policies sees its hands increasingly tied in the face of globalization. It must accordingly reshape collective goods provision around policies favored by business. In contrast, a location with more diverse comparative advantages is able to implement more compelling policy elements that punish uncooperative firms.
The Roundabout Model for Adjunct Clinical Nurse Faculty Retention
Authors: Yoder Carolyn M. , Earle Melinda , Deane Susan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The Roundabout Model was created to address the need for developing and retaining adjunct clinical faculty. Three interrelated evidence-based practices form the Roundabout Model: education, mentoring, and ongoing evaluation. Implementation of the model at one private not-for-profit school of nursing in the Midwest resulted in improved adjunct clinical faculty retention, from 50 percent to 100 percent, as well as improved student and clinical agency satisfaction. Students rated 88 percent of adjunct clinical faculty 3.5 or above on a 4.0 scale. Clinical agency complaints were reduced from three to four annually to zero.
Rapid Micro-induction of Buprenorphine/Naloxone for Opioid Use Disorder in a Critically ill Intubated Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Hamata Basia , Griesdale Donald , Hann Jessica , Rezazadeh-Azar Pouya 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Buprenorphine/naloxone has been shown to be an effective treatment of opioid use disorder. According to the Canadian National clinical practice guideline on the management of opioid use disorders, given the superior safety profile of buprenorphine/naloxone and its potential for flexible take-home dosing in comparison to other opioid agonist medication it is strongly recommended to initiate opioid agonist treatment with buprenorphine/naloxone as the preferred first-line treatment when possible. Due to its pharmacological properties induction can be challenging, requiring the cessation of all opioids for a certain amount of time to avoid the risk of precipitated withdrawal symptoms. For this reason, buprenorphine/naloxone is not initiated for the treatment of opioid use disorder in critically ill patients where continuous infusion of opioids are required for maintenance of sedation resulting in a missed opportunity for first line treatment of that patient's opioid use disorder.

Case Summary:
We present a case of a 29-year-old female with opioid use disorder admitted for infective endocarditis and septic shock requiring intubation for hypoxic respiratory failure secondary to bilateral lung septic emboli with a high opioid debt requiring higher than typical doses of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine infusions to maintain sedation with clinical objective sign of inadequate treatment of her pain and opioid withdrawal. She was successfully started on buprenorphine/naloxone using a rapid micro-induction technique that did not cause precipitated withdrawal or require cessation of her fentanyl infusion.

Conclusion:
This case illustrates a new method for starting buprenorphine/naloxone in a critically ill intubated patient, where buprenorphine/naloxone was never a consideration in this specific patient population.

Scientific Significance:
This method can be used to minimize barriers to opioid agonist therapy in intubated patients
Cardiac morphological and functional changes induced by C-type natriuretic peptide are different in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Caniffi Carolina , Prentki Santos Estefanía , Cerniello Flavia M. , Tomat Analía L. , González Maglio Daniel , Toblli Jorge E. , Arranz Cristina 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
Inflammation and fibrosis are key mechanisms in cardiovascular remodeling. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an endothelium-derived factor with a cardiovascular protective role, although its in-vivo effect on cardiac remodeling linked to hypertension has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of chronic administration of CNP on inflammatory and fibrotic cardiac mechanisms in normotensive Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Methods:
Twelve-week-old male SHR and normotensive rats were infused with CNP (0.75 μg/h/100 g) or isotonic saline (NaCl 0.9%) for 14 days (subcutaneous micro-osmotic pumps). Echocardiograms and electrocardiograms were performed, and SBP was measured. After treatment, transforming growth factor-beta 1, Smad proteins, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 and interleukin-6, nitric oxide (NO) system and 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were evaluated in left ventricle. Histological studies were also performed.

Results:
SHR showed lower cardiac output with signs of fibrosis and hypertrophy in left ventricle, higher NO-system activity and more oxidative damage, as well as higher pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic markers than normotensive rats. Chronic CNP treatment-attenuated hypertension and ventricular hypertrophy in SHR, with no changes in normotensive rats. In left ventricle, CNP induced an anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic response, decreasing both pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory cytokines in SHR. In addition, CNP reduced oxidative damage as well as collagen content, and upregulated the NO system in both groups.

Conclusion:
Chronic CNP treatment appears to attenuate hypertension and associated end-organ damage in the heart by reducing inflammation and fibrosis.
Sustaining improvements in relational coordination following team training and practice change: A longitudinal analysis
Authors: Blakeney Erin Abu-Rish , Ali Hebatallah Naim , Summerside Nicole , Lavallee Danielle C. , Kragen Benjamin , Willgerodt Mayumi A. , Weiner Bryan J. , Spacciante Leah , Zierler Brenda K. 
Published: July 2020

Background
Poor communication is a leading cause of errors in health care. Structured interprofessional bedside rounds are a promising model to improve communication.

Purpose
The aim of the study was to test if an intervention to improve communication and coordination in an inpatient heart failure care unit would result in lasting change.

Methodology/Approach
The relational coordination (RC) survey was administered to seven workgroups (i.e., nurses, physicians) at baseline (2015) and three subsequent years following the intervention (team training, leadership development workshops, and structured interprofessional bedside round implementation). Descriptive analysis and mixed-effects models were used to assess the impact of the intervention on improving RC.

Results
During the study period (2015–2018), 344 participants completed the survey for an overall response rate of 53.5% (n = 643). Postintervention, the RC index significantly increased from 3.79 to 4.08 (p < .001) and remained significantly higher over 2 years, with an RC index of 4.12 and 4.04, respectively (p < .001). The range of RC scores between and within workgroups narrowed over time, with nonrotating workgroups showing the most improvements.

Conclusion
Findings indicate that positive changes as a result of the intervention have been sustained, despite high rates of turnover among all workgroups. Notably, positive change in RC was found to be more pronounced for nonrotating workgroups compared to team members who rotate within the hospital (i.e., pharmacists who rotate to other units every month).

Practice Implications
This intervention holds promise for teams seeking best practice models of “high-reliability” care organization and delivery. Sustained changes from this intervention represent an important area of future practice-based research.
TREATMENT OF BILATERAL DIFFUSE UVEAL MELANOCYTIC PROLIFERATION WITH INTRAVITREAL STEROID IMPLANTS
Authors: Gemperline Taylor P. , Smith Bradley T. 
Published: July 2020

Background/Purpose:
To report a case of bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation (BDUMP) treated with intravitreal steroid implants.

Method:
Bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation was diagnosed and treated with intravitreal steroid implants (both dexamethasone 0.7 mg [intravitreal dexamethasone implants] and fluocinolone acetonide 0.18 mg [intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implants]) and monitored every 2 weeks to 4 weeks with optical coherence tomography.

Results:
Intravitreal dexamethasone implants improved visual acuity and central retinal thickness for 10 weeks, was best from 4 to 6 weeks, and recurred by 14 weeks after treatment. Intravitreal fluocinolone acetonide implants improved visual acuity and central retinal thickness for 20 weeks after treatment without edema recurrence. No retinal detachments were observed over 1 year of treatment.

Conclusion:
Intravitreal steroid implants resulted in visual acuity improvement and central retinal thickness reduction for up to 20 weeks and may protect against retinal detachments in patients with bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation.
Correlations Between Subjective Evaluation of Quality of Life, Visual Field Loss, and Performance in Simulated Activities of Daily Living in Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Azoulay-Sebban Line , Zhao Zhanlin , Zenouda Ariel , Lombardi Marco , Gutman Emmanuel , Brasnu Emmanuelle , Hamard Pascale , Sahel José-Alain , Baudouin Christophe , Labbé Antoine 
Published: July 2020

Precis:
Glaucoma patients displayed alterations in their quality of life (QoL) and their ability to perform activities of daily living. The visual field (VF) of the worse eye might serve as a good marker for QoL evaluation.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to explore the correlations between VF defects, performance in simulated activities of daily living, and subjective evaluation of QoL in glaucoma patients.

Methods:
Thirty-two patients with glaucoma and 10 age-matched control subjects were included. All participants answered a QoL questionnaire and underwent an assessment of visual function including monocular and binocular best-corrected visual acuity, binocular contrast sensitivity test (LogCS), and monocular and binocular VF. All subjects also carried out a series of simulated activities of daily living in a controlled environment.

Results:
Glaucoma patients had lower QoL scores compared with controls for the composite score, near and distance activities, social functioning, mental health, role difficulties, dependency, and color vision. With regard to performance in the simulated mobility task, the number of mobility incidents was higher for glaucoma patients than for control subjects. For the reaching and grasping tasks, the overall movement duration for small objects was significantly longer in glaucoma patients compared with controls. The VF mean deviation of the worse eye was correlated with most of the QoL subscores. Mobility incidents as well as the reaching and grasping task parameters were not significantly correlated with QoL scores.

Conclusions:
Glaucoma patients showed an alteration of performance in simulated daily living activities, associated with a decreased QoL. There was no clear correlation between alterations in QoL and ability to perform activities of daily living. The QoL related to vision was mostly correlated to the visual function of the worse eye.
Documentation of Symptoms in Children Newly Diagnosed With Cancer Highlights the Need for Routine Assessment Using Self-report
Authors: Bradford Natalie K. , Bowers Alison , Chan Raymond Javan , Walker Rick , Herbert Anthony , Cashion Christine , Condon Paula , Yates Patsy 
Published: July 2020

Background
Symptom management is a cornerstone of quality care and has the potential to vastly influence patient experiences. The supportive care needs of children, however, are not well described.

Objective
The aims of this study were to describe documentation about assessment and occurrence of symptoms in medical records of children with cancer and to compare the profile of documented symptoms with child self-report.

Methods
Twelve weeks of medical records of children (8–18 years) newly diagnosed with cancer were reviewed, and data were extracted regarding symptom assessment and occurrence. A second cohort of children attending oncology outpatients completed the electronic Symptom Screening in Pediatrics self-report of symptom bother. They also answered additional questions about other symptoms and the experience of self-report. We evaluated the profile of symptoms recorded as assessed by healthcare providers and self-reported by children.

Results
One thousand three hundred sixteen symptoms were identified in 3642 assessments. The symptoms most commonly documented by medical and nursing staff were nausea, pain, and appetite. Allied health staff most frequently documented fatigue, feeling scared, or sad. Forty-eight children completed self-report for the same symptoms and identified fatigue, appetite, and taste were the most bothersome. Children were positive about the experience of completing self-report.

Conclusion
This study adds further to the evidence about the importance of obtaining information beyond routine clinical assessment from children themselves.

Implications for Practice
Healthcare providers do not routinely identify all distressing symptoms during clinical encounters. Use of patient-reported outcome measures in children is feasible and acceptable and empowers children to communicate about symptoms, which can facilitate prompt intervention.