bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nyutdannede grunnskolelæreres faglige fordypning og masteroppgave – relevant for skolen?
Authors: Antonsen Yngve , Jakhelln Rachel , Bjørndal Kristin Emilie Willumsen 
Published: September 2020

Femårig masterutdanning for grunnskolelærere ble pilotert ved UiT Norges arktiske universitet fra 2010 og innført i Norge fra 2017. Utdanningen innebærer faglig fordypning i tre fag for lærere i 5.−10. trinn, eller fire fag for lærere i 1.−7. trinn. Masteroppgaven skal være profesjonsrettet, praksisorientert og relevant for skolen. Denne kvalitative studien undersøker hvordan de to første kullene av grunnskolelærere med fullført masterutdanning fra UiT får anvendt sin faglige fordypning, og hvordan de erfarer relevansen av masteroppgaven etter ett år i yrket. Datamaterialet består av semistrukturerte intervjuer med 29 lærere, og som er tematisk analysert i NVivo 11. Resultatene viser at nyutdannede som i hovedsak underviser bare i fag med faglig fordypning eller et ekstra fag, arbeider i ungdomsskolen. Lærere som underviser i fag med faglig fordypning opplever mestring og motivasjon og bruker ulike didaktiske tilnærminger, spesielt i faget hvor de skrev sin fagdidaktiske masteroppgave. Lærere som underviser i fag uten faglig fordypning bruker tid og energi på å lære seg fagkunnskap og didaktikk, men erfarer utilstrekkelighet. Lærere i barneskolen underviser i opptil fire fag uten faglig fordypning. Masteroppgave og faglig fordypning i lærerutdanningen krever at både skoleledere, lærere og forskere er oppmerksomme på fordeling av undervisningsfag mellom lærere generelt og i barneskolen spesielt.
English abstract
Newly qualified teachers with subject specialization and master thesis – relevant to the school? A new five-year master’s program for primary and lower secondary school teachers was piloted at UiT The Arctic University of Norway in 2010, and was later implemented in Norway in 2017. The new program entails increased subject-specialization in three or four subjects for teachers, in addition to a profession- and practice-oriented master thesis. This study investigates how the first teachers graduating from the pilot at UiT utilize their subject-specialization, and how they experience the relevance of their thesis after one year in employment. Our data consists of thematically analyzed, semi-structured interviews with 29 teachers. Important findings are: Teachers that mainly teach their specialization subjects work in lower secondary school. The teachers experience mastery and motivation and use different didactical approaches when teaching subjects within their specialization, especially teachers who wrote a thesis with a didactical focus. Teachers in primary schools, however, teach up to three to four subjects without specialization. These teachers report having to put down substantial effort learning how to teach new subjects, as well as experiencing a need for didactical approaches. The master thesis and subject specialization in the new teacher education master’s program in Norway requires continued attention from school leaders, teachers and researchers with regards to subject organization.
Javanese Language Attitude towards Speech Levels of Vernacular in Kelurahan Bandar Selamat Medan
Authors: Pohan Farida Romaito , Sihombing Lince 
Published: September 2020

This study explains Javanese Language Attitude towards Speech Levels of Vernacular in Kelurahan Bandar Selamat Medan. The objective of this study are (1) to describe the kinds of Javanese speech levels use in Kelurahan Bandar Selamat Medan (2) to investigate the characteristics of Javanese language when they use the dominant speech level (3) to explain the attitude toward their vernacular. The method of this study was qualitative research. The subjects were 30 Javanese speakers’ who live in Kelurahan Bandar Selamat Medan taken by purposive random sampling. Questionnaire was used to collect the data to answer the Javanese speakers attitude in using their vernacular. While the interview was used to get the real data of them by transcribing their utterances during communication by using Javanese language. The data were analyzed by using interactive model by Miles and Huberman. This research result: (1) There are two kinds of Javanese speech levels in Kelurahan Bandar Selamat Medan, they are Madya and Ngoko, (2) The characteristic of language in Kelurahan Bandar Selamat Medan show that they have high loyalty to their vernacular, (3) Javanese speakers in Kelurahan Bandar Selamat Medan have positive attitude toward their vernacular. Keywords: Language attitude, vernacular, speech levels, Javanese language
Maxims Violation of Politeness Principle in the Dialogue of Indonesia’s Candidates Debate
Authors: Hartini Sri , Sihombing Lince 
Published: September 2020

This thesis deals with maxims violation of politeness principle in Indonesia’s Candidates Debate. The objectives of the study are to describe the types of maxims violation, to elaborate the linguistic realization, and reasons of participants violated maxims of politeness principle. The approach in this study are based on Politeness theory by Geoffrey Leech (1983); tact, generosity, approbation, modesty, agreement and sympathy. The method of this research employed qualitative design. The subjects or the data source are taken from utterances of Presidential Candidates in Dialogue of Indonesia’s Presidential debate. All written data are the transcriptions of recorded observation and interview. The data are taken from you tube. The finding prove that four types of Maxims violation are applied by the President candidates. The writer analyzes that there are 4 maxims are occurred, namely agreement maxim (4%), approbation maxim (4%), modesty maxim (4%), and generosity maxim (15%). the most dominant violated maxim is generosity (15%) out of the total numbers of maxims violation found in the dialogue. The reasons are the participants tried to obtain the benefit from the hearer by delivering the questions expecting to cost the hearer. Key Words: politeness principle, maxim, debate
PRAGMATICS ACQUISITION OF FIVE-YEARS OLD INDONESIAN CHILDREN IN CASUAL CONVERSATION
Authors: Simanjuntak Evaline Roslina , Gurning Busmin , Sumarsih Sumarsih 
Published: September 2020

This research was aimed at finding out the pragmatics acquisition of five-years old Indonesian children in casual conversation. The objectives of this descriptive qualitative research were to: (1) find the type of the pragmatics acquired by a five-years-old child, (2) to find out the way of how do the five years old Indonesian children acquired the pragmatics in casual conversation, and (3) to find out the reason of why do the five years old Indonesian children acquired the pragmatics in this way. The data were obtained from three Indonesian boy children who lived in Batakness environment where most of their friends spoke in Batakness language. This study was located at lintongnihuta, Humbang Hasundutan regency. In collecting the data. this study applied documentation with audio visual recorder as the instrument of collecting the data. The technique of data analysis used in this study was descriptive technique, and the data were described trough the process of transcribing the data and reducing the data by the process of selecting, focusing, simplifying and transforming the transcripts of the data, after that, displaying the data and at last drawing the conclusions. The finding indicates that the subject of this study had mastered pragmatics, were the types of pragmatics acquired are exchange structures, turn taking, repairs, and cohesion. While the most dominant pragmatics used was turn taking. The way of five years-old Indonesian children acquire the pragmatics in casual conversation were by united the environment’s effect, culture, habits, mood, and their focus on their own mind, needs, and what they were thinking about. And the dominant affected by focusing to their mind only. Then based on the interview with their parents and other caregivers, it’s found that the reason of using pragmatics in highest frequency were because the children often focused to the things in their mind only.Keywords: Pragmatics, Acquisition, Indonesian Children, Casual Conversation
EXPERIENTIAL FUNCTION IN DONALD TRUMP’S SPEECH ABOUT RADICAL ISLAMIC TERRORISM
Authors: Rambe Halimatun Husna , Ginting Siti Aisyah , Saragih Amrin 
Published: September 2020

This study deals with the Experiential Function in Donald Trump’s Speech about Radical Islamic Terrorism. This study attempted to investigate the dominant elements of experiential function used in the speech, the realization and the reasons why the elements of experiential function are coded in the speech. This study was conducted by using qualitative design. The data in this study were the utterances of Donald Trump’s speech transcribed in written mode. The speech is campaign speech about Radical Islamic Terrorism on August 15th, 2016 at Youngstown State University. The research findings show that the dominant process found in the speech was material process, the dominant participant was actor and goal, and the dominant circumstance was location spatial and temporal. The processes were realized congruently and incongruently in metaphorical wording. Material process is dominantly used by Donald Trump about terrorism because he wanted to show the evil deeds done by terrorist and stimulate the listeners for future actions against terrorism, actor and goal participants show two confronting parties and circumstance location spatial and temporal show his point of view is authentic and objective. Keywords: Experiential Function, Speech, Terrorism
POLITENESS STRATEGY USED BY THE ANTAGONIST AND THE PROTAGONIST CHARACTERS IN “THE SILENCE OF THE LAMBS” (A PRAGMATICS STUDY)
Authors: Iswati Titik , Murni Sri Minda , Dirgeyasa I Wayan 
Published: September 2020

This research dealt with politeness strategy used in the movie The Silence of the Lamb. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the kinds of politeness strategies used by the antagonist and protagonist characters when they expressed their utterances in the film “The Silence of the Lambs”, (2) to explain how the strategies used by the two characters, (3) to know the reasons of those characters in employing politeness strategies. The research was conducted by using qualitative design. The source of data of this study was the movie. The data were collected through documentary technique and the instrument was the documentary sheet. The findings of this study revealed that: (1) Based on the categories of politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson, all categories of politeness strategies were found in this film. (2) The bald on record strategy was used for eight times by the antagonist, while the protagonist used it for five times. (3) The use of politeness strategy by the antagonist and protagonist was aimed to perform acts based on J. R. Searle’s theory, namely representatives, directives, commissives and declaration. In addition, new strategies were found in this study. They were self-image building, provoking and influencing. Keywords: Politeness Strategy, Antagonist, Protagonist, Pragmatics
THE REALIZATION OF TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN LIVE METAPHORS IN SUMATERA FOLKLORES INTO ENGLISH
Authors: Khawardi Lucy , Pulungan Anni Holila , Saragih Amrin 
Published: September 2020

In accordance with translation, the metaphors must be translated very carefully in order to avoid misunderstanding. Larson (1984:250) states that If metaphors from source language are translated literally into the target language, they will often be completely misunderstood. Because the translation cannot simply reproduce, or be, the original. In fact, in the folklores there are still literally in translating the text. The aims of this study were to describe the realization of translation strategies in the translation live metaphors in the Sumatera Folklores. The research was conducted by using qualitative design. The data of this study were live metaphors in the Sumatera Folklores. The source of data were 15 folklores in Sumatera. The data were collected through documentary technique and the instrument for collecting the data was documentary sheet. The technique of data analysis was descriptive. The findings of this study revealed that the realization of translation strategies in live metaphors in the Sumatera Folklores into English by applying two process, namely: Single Strategy (91.83%), Double Strategies (8.16%). Metaphors often become the problem in translation and in accordance with translation, the metaphors must be translated from source language (SL) into target language (TL) in order to avoid misunderstanding. Keywords: Translation Strategies, Live Metaphor, Sumatera language, Folklores
Human umbilical cord stem cells – the discovery, history and possible application
Authors: Stefańska Katarzyna , Bryl Rut , Hutchings Greg , Shibli Jamil A. , Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska Marta 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Stem cells are now one of the most extensively studied fields in experimental medicine. Although embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the capability to differentiate into lineages derived from all three primary germ layers, their use remains ethically controversial. Mesenchymal stromal cells’ (MSCs) utilization is not burdened with such concerns. MSCs were primarily characterized as fibroblastic cells from bone marrow stroma, with the ability to adhere to plastic and form clonogenic colonies (CFU-Fs – colony-forming unit-fibroblasts). Subsequent studies led to their isolation from various other adult or perinatal tissues, including the umbilical cord. Although in most cases MSCs are obtained from umbilical cords’ stroma (Wharton’s jelly), it has been demonstrated that both cord’s lining and endothelial layer of umbilical vein possess the cells that fulfill the minimal criteria for MSCs published in 2006 by the International Society for Cellular Therapy. Since the initial discovery, a number of pre-clinical and clinical studies were conducted with the use of MSCs derived from umbilical cords, targeting diseases such as cancer or autoimmune diseases. Moreover, their secretome may be even more beneficial, providing an opportunity to create cell-free therapies.

Running title: The history of human umbilical cord stem cells
In silico data mining of large-scale databases for the virtual screening of human interleukin-2 inhibitors
Authors: Halim Sobia Ahsan , Zaheer-Ul-Haq  , Khan Ajmal , Al-Rawahi Ahmed , Al-Harrasi Ahmed 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is involved in the activation and differentiation of T-helper cells. Uncontrolled activated T cells play a key role in the pathophysiology by stimulating inflammation and autoimmune diseases like arthritis, psoriasis and Crohn’s disease. T cells activation can be suppressed either by preventing IL-2 production or blocking the IL-2 interaction with its receptor. Hence, IL-2 is now emerging as a target for novel therapeutic approaches in several autoimmune disorders. This study was carried out to set up an effective virtual screening (VS) pipeline for IL-2. Four docking/scoring approaches (FRED, MOE, GOLD and Surflex-Dock) were compared in the re-docking process to test their performance in producing correct binding modes of IL-2 inhibitors. Surflex-Dock and FRED were the best in predicting the native pose in its top-ranking position. Shapegauss and CGO scoring functions identified the known inhibitors of IL-2 in top 1, 5 and 10 % of library and differentiated binders from non-binders efficiently with average AUC of > 0.9 and > 0.7, resp. The applied docking protocol served as a basis for the VS of a large database that will lead to the identification of more active compounds against IL-2.
How to understand and help a person with borderline personality. Case report and literature review on the therapeutic possibilities
Authors: Sitarz Elżbieta , Dudek Iga , Karakuła Kaja , Forma Alicja , Juchnowicz Dariusz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Introduction: The study aims to present 1) a case report of an 18-year-old female patient with borderline personality disorder (BPD) 2) the diagnostic and treatment difficulties in BPD patients.

Materials and methods: The review of the literature from the years 1953-2020 searched from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases.

Discussion: Patient, 18-years old, hospitalized five times for psychiatric care, presenting self-injurious behaviours, hurting herself within forearms. A patient attempted suicide eight times. She is living with her divorced parents. The patient’s father has a new partner with whom he has children. The patient used marijuana and she was experiencing psychotic symptoms under its influence. She smokes 10 cigarettes per day and drinks alcohol once a week since she was 16 years old. Psychiatric problems appeared when the patient started learning in high school.
Conclusions:

1. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious psychiatric condition of a difficult diagnosis that should be differentiated with many other psychiatric disorders such as an atypical or subclinical course of psychosis, affective disorders, or dissocial personality.

2. A therapeutic process of a person with BPD is based on psychotherapy and personalized treatment strategies, whereas, pharmacological treatment plays only a supporting role during BPD treatment.
Conflicts Between Farmers and Conservationists: The Role of Communication in the Management of Natural Resources
Authors: Meierová Tamara 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The importance of communication in conflict situations between conservationists and farmers about problems related to agricultural practices such as erosion, biodiversity loss, and water quality has been highlighted frequently. However, in the Czech Republic, there is a very limited amount of scientific data about this issue. This article presents a literature review summarising evidence on how conflicts between farmers and environmentalists proceed; steps that can be taken to achieve progress in face-to-face communication and there is also a case study of a specific collaborative partnership from a small parish in South Moravia that focuses on improving natural values. Recommendations on how to build more constructive dialogue and develop cooperation between various groups are analysed, and principles that enhance dialogue and may contribute to overcoming disagreements through partnership are indicated. The collaborative partnership in the case study involves a farmer working together with a municipality and other stakeholders on a local level to improve nature conservation and ecosystem services. The majority of the general principles of collaboration and communication for conflict resolution that were identified in the literature review were fulfilled; nevertheless, the partnership currently has limited outreach as the two agribusiness companies which manage the majority of the land in the parish have not been included.
Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of Thermostressed State of Bimetallic Plate Under Electromagnetic Action in the Mode with Pulse Modulated Signal
Authors: Musij Roman , Melnyk Nataliya , Dmytruk Veronika 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The thermostressed state of a bimetallic plate under the electromagnetic action in the mode with pulse modulated signal (MPMS) at the resonant frequencies of the electromagnetic field is studied. There are established the critical values of the parameters of the electromagnetic action at which the bimetallic plate loses its load-carrying ability as a constituent element.
Transient Natural Convection in Partitioned Enclosures
Authors: Zemani Farah , Sabeur-Bendehina Amina 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the natural convection flow in a cavity heated differentially with a partition placed in the middle of the hot wall is numerically simulated. The aspect ratio of the geometry, Prandtl number are fixed at 0.24, 6.64, respectively, for different partitions lengths; however the Rayleigh number values were ranging from 106 to 3.77 × 109 in order to observe the transition regime. The fluid flow and the heat transfer described in terms of continuity, linear momentum and energy equations were predicted by using the finite volume method. To approach the physical reality experience, calculations were performed in a cavity with the same size and same priority of the fluid with an average temperature T

m
imposed on the cooled wall, also another simulation with an average temperature T

m
imposed on the horizontal wall.
Time evolution, isotherms and mean Nusselt number are presented for all investigated values. Representative results illustrating the effects of the partition length for the heat transfer and the thermal boundary layer are also reported and discussed. The results indicate that the flow and heat transfer properties are altered by the presence of the partition, especially in the initial stage. In a certain sense, the partition blocks the flow and forces it to come off the hot wall. Since the partition parameters are critical for the transient natural convection flow in the cavity, different partition lengths on the warm wall have been studied.
Experimental Study of Flow Control Over a Standard Road Vehicle Using Plasma Actuator
Authors: Shadmani S. , Mousavi Nainiyan S. M. , Ghasemiasl R. , Mirzaei M. , Pouryoussefi S. G. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Ahmed Body is a standard and simplified shape of a road vehicle that's rear part has an important role in flow structure and it's drag force. In this paper flow control around the Ahmed body with the rear slant angle of 25° studied by using the plasma actuator system situated in middle of the rear slant surface. Experiments conducted in a wind tunnel in two free stream velocities of U = 10m/s and U = 20m/s using steady and unsteady excitations. Pressure distribution and total drag force were measured and smoke flow visualization carried out in this study. The results showed that at U = 10m/s using plasma actuator suppress the separated flow over the rear slant slightly and be effective on pressure distribution. Also, total drag force reduces in steady and unsteady excitations for 3.65% and 2.44%, respectively. At U = 20m/s, using plasma actuator had no serious effect on the pressure distribution and total drag force.
Optimization of Welding Parameters and Microstructure and Fracture Mode Characterization of GMA Welding by Using Taguchi Method on SS304H Austenitic Steel
Authors: Rizvi Saadat Ali , Ali Wajahat 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study is centre on optimizing different welding parameters which affect the weldability of SS304H, Taguchi technique was employed to optimize the welding parameters and fracture mode characterization was studied. A number of experiments have been conducted. L9 orthogonal array (3×3) applied for it. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and signal to noise ratio (SNR), a statistical technique was applied to determine the effect of different welding parameters such as welding current, wire feed speed and gas flow rate on weldability of SS304H. Tensile strength, toughness, micro hardness and mode of fracture was examined to determine weldability of SS304H and it was observed from result that welding voltage have major impact whereas gas flow rate has minour impact on ultimate tensile strength of the welded joints and optimum process parameters were found to be 23 V, 350 IPM travel speed of wire and 15 l/min gas flow rate for tensile strength and mode of fracture was ductile fracture for tensile test specimen.