bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing Triphenylamine‐Configured Donor Materials with Promising Photovoltaic Properties for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Bilal Ahmed Siddique Muhammad , Hussain Riaz , Ali Siddique Sabir , Yasir Mehboob Muhammad , Irshad Zobia , Iqbal Javed , Adnan Muhammad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe increasing demand for energy expedited the development of efficient photovoltaic materials. Herein, four triphenylamine based push pull donor materials (D1‐D4) have been designed. The optical, electronic, photophysical properties and excited state energy of D1‐D4 have been investigated theoretically through DFT calculations at B3LYP/6‐31G (d,p) level of theory and compared with reference molecule R. The theoretical study of the designed molecules (D1‐D4) and reference molecule R with TD−B3LYP/6‐31G (d,p) level of theory was carried out both in gaseous and solvent (Chloroform/CPCM) phase to investigate their excited state properties. All the designed molecules D1‐D4 exhibited broad and intense absorption peaks in the visible spectrum from 300 nm to 450 nm range with narrow HOMO‐LUMO energy gaps as compared to reference R. The dipole moment of designed molecules D1‐D4 are higher than reference molecule R in both gas and solvent phase which may help to enhance the photovoltaic stability of organic solar cells devices. The open‐circuit voltages
of designed molecules, D1‐D4 and the reference molecule R compared to PCBM are 0.71 V, 0.66 V, 0.54 V, 0.63 V, and 0.63 V, respectively. The % ETC for designed molecules insolvent as well as in the gas phase is lower than the reference molecule R which enables them to excite rapidly both in gas and solvent phase respectively. The hole and electron transfer mobilities values indicate that the designed molecules have a better electron and hole transport mobility values as compared to reference molecule R. Furthermore, conceptualized molecules are better and thus are recommended to experimentalists for out‐looking future developments of solar cells.
Pd‐Catalyzed Regioselective Olefination of N‐Tosylhydrazones with Benzyl Bromides
Authors: Sun Zhenze , He Jing , Li Weiwei , Li Xuezhen , Feng Yijiao , Liu Yan , Liu Ping , Han Sheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed regioselective olefination of cycloalkylphenylmethylene N‐tosylhydrazones and benzyl bromide was developed. A series of E‐type tri‐substituted olefin compounds were obtained in 43–95% through the highly selective β‐H elimination. The results showed that the β‐H at the benzyl position took precedence over the β‐H at the cycloalkyl position for the alkylpalladium intermediate, avoiding the formation of tetra‐substituted olefins. High regioselectivity, wide substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance are the advantages of this reaction.
Palladium‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Coupling / Cyclization through Mo(CO)6 as the Carbon Monoxide Donor: Synthesis of Quinazolinones
Authors: Tao Shou‐Wei , Liu Rui‐Qing , Zhou Jing‐Ya , Zhu Yong‐Ming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAn efficient and rapid one‐pot synthesis of quinazolinone via a three‐component carbonylative coupling of 2‐aminobenzamide or 2‐aminobenzonitrile, Mo(CO)6 and aryl bromides has been developed recently. This method provide a new way to synthesize quinazolinone which has a wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance and mild reaction condition.
Synthesis of New and Highly Functionalized 1,4‐Dihydropyridines and Spirooxindole Dihydropyridines Using L‐Proline as Efficient Catalyst
Authors: Neamani Shekofeh , Moradi Leila 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHerein, eco‐friendly, mild and efficient synthesis of a new type of 1,4‐ dihydropyridines and some of the spirooxoindole dihydropyridine derivatives was developed by using L‐proline as an effective homogeneous catalyst. The one‐pot multicomponent reaction of malononitrile, different anilines, and benzaldehydes were performed in the presence of Water/EtOH (1 : 1) as solvent at 90 °C and furnished the corresponding products in high yields. Further, we developed a three‐component one‐pot reaction of malononitrile, anilolactone, and differently substituted isatins to afford new spirooxindole dihydropyridine derivatives using the same catalyst and conditions. All of the obtained products were characterized by spectroscopic and analytical techniques.
Anywhere they go, we go: Immigration inflow's impact on co‐ethnic natives in the U.S.
Authors: Song Tao , Xu Huanan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUsing data from the 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000 Censuses and the American Community Survey five‐year sample for 2006–2010, we examine the impacts of immigration inflows on the migration patterns of co‐ethnic natives in the United States. We explore whether the outcomes are driven by changes in labor market returns in the receiving cities or sociocultural benefits of being surrounded by co‐ethnics. We find that a higher ethnicity‐specific immigrant population share within a city increases the population share of both co‐ethnic natives who remain in the receiving cities and co‐ethnic natives who migrate into these cities, relative to natives of other ancestries. All baseline results survive robustness and falsification tests, and instrumental variable estimations. Through the heterogeneous effects, we find that the sociocultural benefits, such as language and ethnic goods that immigrants bring to receiving cities, are the potential channels that attract co‐ethnic natives to migrate towards those enclaves.
The evolution of Hayek's thought on gold and monetary standards
Authors: Caton James 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEarly in his career, Hayek viewed attempts to stabilize exchange rates by facilitating cooperation between central banks, with respect to their demand for gold, to be at odds with the fundamental mechanisms of the gold standard. He opposed proposals by Irving Fisher, Gustav Cassel, and Ralph Hawtrey that promoted stabilization of demand for gold and price levels as a next best option. Hayek viewed the nations that refused to devalue their currency after monetary expansion during wartime as complicit in degrading the international gold standard. In 1935 Hayek's emphasis began to change, his position sounding much like the arguments of Cassel and Hawtrey. Though he eventually gave up hope that the international gold standard would be reestablished, his later work on money provides theoretical underpinnings for systems that would promote the same sort of stability and predictability that the classical gold standard had provided.
Dynamic characteristics and viscous dampers design for pile‐soil‐structure system
Authors: Yang Jinping , Jing Hang , Li Peizhen 
Published: July 2020

SummaryA series of large‐scale shaking table tests are conducted on tall buildings with and without energy dissipation devices on soft soils in pile group foundations, representing pile‐soil‐structure interaction (PSSI) system and the corresponding fixed‐base situations. The superstructure is a 12‐story reinforced concrete (RC) frame. The dynamic characteristics of the test models show that the frequencies decrease and the damping ratio increase in PSSI system by comparison with the fixed‐base structures. The mode shapes of PSSI system are different from that under fixed‐base condition, and the mode shapes of structure without dampers change greater than that with energy dissipation devices under various white noises. An improved method for structural dynamic characteristics, considering the impedance function of piles, is developed to address the issue of modal parameters with PSSI effect. In addition, the structural dynamic parameters of the large‐scale shaking table tests are identified using the modification method and other regulation methods, demonstrating that the improved approach is highly accurate and effective. Subsequently, a design procedure for viscous dampers of structures with PSSI effect is presented based on the dynamic characteristics of the system. Finally, the dynamic responses of the structure with viscous dampers in the practical engineering are decreased effectively, indicating the good performance of designed viscous dampers. The numerical results also show that the damping efficiency of interstory drift is larger than the acceleration and interstory shear force. Therefore, the improved modal parameters method, validated through a series large‐scale shaking table tests, is applicable for identifying dynamic characteristics of pile‐soil‐structure with energy dissipation devices system. The design procedure of viscous dampers, proved by a reinforced concrete frame structure located on a practical Shanghai soft site, can be employed to design the viscous dampers considering seismic PSSI effect.
The in vitro effects of aflatoxin B1 on physiological functions of swine alveolar macrophages
Authors: Pang Victor Fei , Chiang Chung‐Feng , Chang Chih‐Cheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the physiological functions of swine alveolar macrophages (SAM) were investigated. Freshly isolated SAM were incubated with various AFB1 concentrations (1.6 × 10–1 – 1.6 × 105 nmol/L) and time periods, and their phagocytic ability, synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein, and cell activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were analysed. Results demonstrated that a significant (p < .05) reduction (60%) in Staphylococcus aureus uptaken by SAM appeared 3 hr after AFB1 (>16 nmol/L) treatment. The synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein were markedly reduced, among which DNA and protein synthesis were affected more noticeably. The activation of SAM by LPS was significantly (p < .05) suppressed when the concentration of AFB1 reached 1.6 × 103 nmol/L. In general, most of the analysed effects were more prominent as AFB1 concentration or incubation period increased. Taken together, AFB 1could elicit significant adverse effects on the physiological functions of SAM. Exposure of pigs to aflatoxin‐contaminated feed may increase their susceptibility to various secondary infections.
The $$ {\Lambda}_b\to {\Lambda}^{\ast }(1520)\left(\to N\overline{K}\right){\mathrm{\ell}}^{+}{\mathrm{\ell}}^{-} $$ decay at low-recoil in HQET
Authors: Das Diganta , Das Jaydeb 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper we discuss the Standard Model and new physics sensitivity of the $$ {\Lambda}_b\to {\Lambda}^{\ast }(1520)\left(\to N\overline{K}\right){\mathrm{\ell}}^{+}{\mathrm{\ell}}^{-} $$

Λ
b

→

Λ
∗

1520

→
N

K
¯

ℓ
+

ℓ
−

decay at low-recoil, where ℓ± are massive leptons and $$ N\overline{K}=\left\{{pK}^{-},n{\overline{K}}^0\right\} $$
N

K
¯

=

pK
−

n

K
¯

0

. We provide a full angular distribution with a set of operators that includes the Standard Model operators and their chirality flipped counterparts, and new scalar and pseudo-scalar operators. The resulting angular distribution allows us to construct observables that we study in the Standard Model and in model-independent new physics scenarios. To reduce the hadronic effects emanating from the Λb→ Λ* (1520) transition form factors, we exploit the Heavy Quark Effective theory framework valid at low Λ∗(1520) recoil, i.e., large dilepton invariant mass squared $$ {q}^2\sim \mathcal{O}\left({m}_b^2\right) $$

q
2

∼
O

m
b
2

. Working to the leading order in 1/mb and including $$ \mathcal{O}\left({\alpha}_s\right) $$
O

α
s

corrections, we compute the ‘improved Isgur-Wise relations’ between the form factors. The relations correlate the form factors and thereby allow the description of this decay at the low-recoil region with a smaller number of independent form factors.
Factorizations for tree amplitudes in the double-cover framework: from gravity to other theories
Authors: Zhou Kang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate that the factorizations for tree amplitudes in the double-cover framework, for various theories, can be generated from the gravity amplitude in the double-cover prescription. Our method employs differential operators proposed by Cheung, Shen and Wen. Using our method, the factorized formulae for amplitudes of Yang-Mills theory, special Yang-Mills-scalar theory, and bi-adjoint scalar theory, have been derived. The differential operators indicate some non-trivial relationships among factorizations for above theories, as can be understood through four angles which are factorization channels, pole-structures, gauge choices, as well as BCFW recursions.
Robotic Versus Laparoscopic Partial Mesorectal Excision for Cancer of the High Rectum: A Single‐Center Study with Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: de'Angelis Nicola , Notarnicola Margerita , Martínez‐Pérez Aleix , Memeo Riccardo , Charpy Cecile , Urciuoli Irene , Maroso Fabio , Sommacale Daniele , Amiot Aurelien , Canouï‐Poitrine Florence , Levesque Eric , Brunetti Francesco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe role of robotic surgery for partial mesorectal excision (PME) in patients with high rectal cancer (RC) remains unexplored. This study aimed to compare the operative and postoperative outcomes of robotic (R‐PME) versus laparoscopic (L‐PME) PME for high RC.MethodsThis was a single‐center propensity score cohort study of consecutive patients diagnosed with RC in the high rectum (>10 to 15 cm from the anal verge) who underwent surgery between September 2012 and May 2019.ResultsOf 131 selected patients (50 R‐PME and 81 L‐PME), 88 were matched using propensity score (44 per group). Operative and postoperative variables were similar between R‐PME and L‐PME patients, except for operative time (220 min and 190 min, respectively; p < 0.0001). No conversion was needed. Overall morbidity was 15.9%; 4 patients (4.5%) developed anastomotic leakage. The mean hospital stay was 7.25 days for R‐PME vs. 7.64 days for L‐PME (p = 0.597). R0 resection was achieved in 100% of R‐PME and 90.9% of L‐PME (p = 0.116). Only 3 patients (1 R‐PME, 2 L‐PME) received a permanent stoma (p = 1). No group differences were observed for overall or disease‐free survival rates at 5 years. The costs of R‐PME were significantly higher than those of L‐PME.ConclusionMinimally invasive surgery can be performed safely for PME in high RC. No difference can be detected between R‐PME and L‐PME for both short‐ and long‐term outcomes, leaving the choice of the surgical approach to the surgeon's experience. Specific health economic studies are needed to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of robotic surgery for RC.
Patients with double/triple copy number gains on C-MYC, BCL2, and/or BCL6 treated with standard chemotherapy have a similarly poor prognosis than those with high-grade B cell lymphoma with C-MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements: a single-center experience on a consecutive cohort of large B cell lymphomas
Authors: Willenbacher Ella , Willenbacher Wolfgang , Weger Roman , Dominik Wolf , Manzl Claudia , Brunner Andrea 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHigh-grade B cell lymphomas with rearrangements on C-MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 (HGBL with MYC and BCL2 and/or Bcl6 rearrangement) are associated with worse clinical outcomes and thus were introduced as a separate new category in the recently updated WHO classification. From 2012 to 2016, we analyzed a consecutive cohort of large B cell lymphomas (LBCLs) for C-MYC, BCL2, and BCL6 rearrangements and correlated our results with clinical-pathological parameters. Ten of 78 (13%) cases had a C-MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangement, so-called double or triple hit (DH), while double/triple copy number gains (CNGs) were found in eight (10%) patients. Patients with a high-grade lymphoma with DH or CNG progressed significantly more often after first-line chemotherapy (p = 0.005). When treated with standard chemotherapy, patients with a DH or CNG had a significantly worse overall (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) compared with all other patients (p = 0.033 and p < 0.001, respectively). Thus, patients with a diffuse large B cell lymphoma, harboring a double/triple CNG, seem to have a similar poor prognosis than those with a DH. Though our data can only be regarded as preliminary, our results warrant further investigations to fully elucidate the role of CNGs as well as underlying molecular mechanisms resulting in aggressive behavior in LBCL.
Carbonylation of proteins—an element of plant ageing
Authors: Ciacka K. , Tymiński M. , Gniazdowska A. , Krasuska U. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Main conclusion
Carbonylation-ROS-dependent posttranslational modification of proteins-may be regarded as one of the important events in the process of ageing or senescence in plants.

Abstract
Ageing is the progressive process starting from seed development (plants) and birth (animals). The life-span of living organisms depends on many factors and stresses, which influence reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. The imbalance of their production and scavenging causes pathophysiological conditions that accelerate ageing. ROS modify nucleic acids, lipids, sugars and proteins. The level of carbonylated proteins can serve as an indicator of an oxidative cellular status. Several pathways of protein carbonylation, e.g. the conjugation with reactive carbonyl species, and/or a direct metal-catalysed oxidative attack on amino acids residues are known. Dysfunctional carbonylated proteins are more prone to degradation or form aggregates when the proteolytic machinery is inhibited, as observed in ageing. Protein carbonylation may contribute to formation of organelle-specific signal and to the control of protein quality. Carbonylated proteins are formed during the whole plant life; nevertheless, accelerated ageing stimulates the accumulation of carbonyl derivatives. In the medicine-related literature, concerned ageing and ROS-mediated protein modifications, this topic is extensively analysed, in comparison to the plant science. In plant science, ageing and senescence are considered to describe slightly different processes (physiological events). However, senescence (Latin: senēscere) means “to grow old”. This review describes the correlation of protein carbonylation level to ageing or/and senescence in plants. Comparing data from the area of plant and animal research, it is assumed that some basic mechanism of time-dependent alterations in the cellular biochemical processes are common and the protein carbonylation is one of the important causes of ageing.
Antiviral activity of berberine
Authors: Warowicka Alicja , Nawrot Robert , Goździcka-Józefiak Anna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPlants are a rich source of new antiviral, pharmacologically active agents. The naturally occurring plant alkaloid berberine (BBR) is one of the phytochemicals with a broad range of biological activity, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activity. BBR targets different steps in the viral life cycle and is thus a good candidate for use in novel antiviral drugs and therapies. It has been shown that BBR reduces virus replication and targets specific interactions between the virus and its host. BBR intercalates into DNA and inhibits DNA synthesis and reverse transcriptase activity. It inhibits replication of herpes simplex virus (HSV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This isoquinoline alkaloid has the ability to regulate the MEK-ERK, AMPK/mTOR, and NF-κB signaling pathways, which are necessary for viral replication. Furthermore, it has been reported that BBR supports the host immune response, thus leading to viral clearance. In this short review, we focus on the most recent studies on the antiviral properties of berberine and its derivatives, which might be promising agents to be considered in future studies in the fight against the current pandemic SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.
Subjective perception of craniofacial growth asymmetries in patients with deformational plagiocephaly
Authors: Kunz Felix , Hirth Matthias , Schweitzer Tilmann , Linz Christian , Goetz Bernhard , Stellzig-Eisenhauer Angelika , Borchert Kathrin , Böhm Hartmut 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe present investigation aimed to evaluate the subjective perception of deformational cranial asymmetries by different observer groups and to compare these subjective perceptions with objective parameters.Materials and methodsThe 3D datasets of ten infants with different severities of deformational plagiocephaly (DP) were presented to 203 observers, who had been subdivided into five different groups (specialists, pediatricians, medical doctors (not pediatricians), parents of infants with DP, and laypersons). The observers rated their subjective perception of the infants’ cranial asymmetries using a 4-point Likert-type scale. The ratings from the observer groups were compared with one another using a multilevel modelling linear regression analysis and were correlated with four commonly used parameters to objectively quantify the cranial asymmetries.ResultsNo significant differences were found between the ratings of the specialists and those of the parents of infants with DP, but both groups provided significantly more asymmetric ratings than did pediatricians, medical doctors, or laypersons. Moreover, the subjective perception of cranial asymmetries correlated significantly with commonly used parameters for objectively quantifying cranial asymmetries.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that different observer groups perceive the severity of cranial asymmetries differently. Pediatricians’ more moderate perception of cranial asymmetries may reduce the likelihood of parents to seek therapeutic interventions for their infants. Moreover, we identified some objective symmetry-related parameters that correlated strongly with the observers’ subjective perceptions.Clinical relevanceKnowledge about these findings is important for clinicians when educating parents of infants with DP about the deformity.
Routine panendoscopy in oral squamous cell cancer patients: mandatory or facultative?
Authors: Valentin Anthony , Goetz Martin , Hetzel Juergen , Reinert Siegmar , Hoefert Sebastian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objectives
This study investigated benefits of routine panendoscopy in staging of oral squamous cell cancer patients.

Materials and methods
From 2013 to 2017, 194 oral squamous cell cancer patients were staged. Reports of routine flexible panendoscopy including oropharyngolaryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy were retrospectively analyzed for diagnoses of inflammation and second primary malignancies (carcinoma in situ or cancer) and compared to results of computed tomography. The effects of alcohol and tobacco history of 142 patients were assessed.

Results
Overall, a second primary malignancy was detected in seven patients. In four patients this discovery was only found by panendoscopy. One invasive carcinoma (esophagus) was detected as well as three carcinoma in situ. The second primary malignancies were located in the lung (3), esophagus (3), and stomach (1). In one patient index tumor therapy was modified after panendoscopy. Upper gastrointestinal inflammation was present in 73.2% of patients and 61.9% required treatment. About 91.8% of bronchoscopies and 34.5% of panendoscopies were without therapeutic consequences. Patients with higher risk from smoking were more likely to benefit from panendoscopy and to have a Helicobacter pylori infection.

Conclusion
We do not recommend routine panendoscopy for all oral squamous cell cancer patients. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy benefitted smoking patients primarily concerning the secondary diagnosis of inflammation of the upper digestive tract. Selective bronchoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and oropharyngolaryngoscopy should be performed if clinical examination or medical history indicates risks for additional malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract.

Clinical relevance
Routine panendoscopy is not recommended in all, especially not in low-risk oral cancer patients like non-smokers and non-drinkers.