bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating a Roadmap to Capture a Vision for a Sustainable Community in Transition; a Case Study in a Dutch town Best
Authors: Elvebakk Laura , Muller Gerrit 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBest Duurzaam is a cooperation that aims to facilitate a transition to a sustainable living at a local level. However, it is missing an overall vision. Additionally, Best Duurzaam would like to have a closer collaboration with the local municipality.Roadmapping is a planning tool used for framing a vision shared by project participants. It aids in communicating the dynamic relations between group's ideas and accessible resources. A roadmap makes a project approach more specific in both contents and time.The goal of this study was to investigate how roadmapping could help in solving communication issues. Researchers used roadmapping to understand the issues, to explore solutions and to improve communication. The research was done at municipality level to study the tool's effectiveness in the context of local sustainability transition. The research result suggests that the roadmap is a valuable tool for communication and sharing ideas among stakeholders.
When to Constrain the Design? Application of Design Standards on a New Development Program
Authors: Katz Tami 
Published: September 2020

AbstractUse of design and construction standards have many benefits when trying to meet expectations on product safety and quality ‐ they help ensure commonality and consistency of approaches to design, manufacturing, test and verification. However, the use of standards can drive cost and inhibit innovation for certain applications. This leads to the question of when is it appropriate to constrain the design and apply standards on a program? This paper looks at the typical usage of design and construction standards across three different industries to evaluate when their usage enables projects, and when they drive cost. This paper provides the conclusion that optimization of a project for cost, technical and schedule is best served when standards are limited to industries with common products in a highly regulated domain. Usage of standards is not a “one size fits all” approach, and alternate strategies exist for industries in cases where limiting the design solution could impact ability to realize cost effective, innovative designs.
How Systems Engineering and Systems Thinking Enable Innovation
Authors: Beasley Richard , Ingram Claire 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere are many significant challenges facing the world, necessitating innovative and effective systems and products to enable a prosperous and sustainable future. However, successful delivery of innovative systems is very difficult. We argue that appropriate application of Systems Engineering and Systems Thinking plays a critical role in ensuring innovations have the best chance of success. Although many innovation methodologies exist, few incorporate the concepts or vocabulary of Systems Thinking in a structured way. This paper attempts to rectify this, by taking some basic innovation concepts and a simple structured approach to thinking about the system and its wider environment, and showing how they can be integrated in order to augment innovation processes with Systems Thinking concepts. Through applying Systems Engineering principles to the innovation context we identify innovation traps that may arise when failing to think about a system in its wider context, and we provide detailed case studies to illustrate our points.
MBSE Methodology Applied for a Technology Demonstrator in the Space Transportation Sector
Authors: Llano Mikel Iturbe , Quappen Gerrit 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOver the last 40 years, NASA has sponsored many technology development programs for composite cryogenic tanks (CCT) in order to improve space launchers’ performance. However, they have learned certain lessons in terms of risk mitigation, design failures, lack of technology maturation and time constraints during development phases that push to reinforce the systems engineering perspective given the number of new functions, components and subsystems involved in these CCTs performance.The present paper suggests a Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) methodology to reduce the challenges that CCTs entail in a technology demonstrator program currently in a conceptual phase for the Ariane 6 upper stage. Topics such as a strong operational analysis; project instability; a Fully Integrated Operational System (FIOS) model combined with a Manufacturing, Assembly, Integration & Test (MAIT) model; requirements traceability; and model navigability issues are studied throughout the modelling process. Results from this approach show and ease the way to obtain information in a complex and large model intended to simulate our System of Interest (SoI)/CCTs life cycle. Consequently, CCTs can face NASA's aforementioned lessons learned from an early phase of the project in order to prevent similar adverse situations.
Lower Cerebrovascular Reactivity Contributed to White Matter Hyperintensity‐Related Cognitive Impairment: A Resting‐State Functional MRI Study
Authors: Ni Ling , Zhang Bing , Yang Dan , Qin Ruomeng , Xu Hengheng , Ma Junyi , Shao Pengfei , Xu Yun 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundImpaired cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). The pathogenesis of CVR in the development of WMH‐related cognitive impairment (CI) remains poorly understood.PurposeTo detect the CVR status in WMH subjects with/without CI by using a resting‐state blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) approach and to explore the mediating relationships among CVR, WMH, and cognitive level.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsSubjects with moderate to severe WMH (with CI [WMH‐CI], n = 68; without CI [WMH‐no‐CI, n = 63) as well as normal controls (NCs, n = 87).Field Strength/Sequence3.0T with gradient‐recalled echoplanar imaging and 3D fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery.AssessmentThe CVR, WMH volume, and cognitive level were assessed. The CVR map was derived using BOLD signal obtained from resting‐state functional MRI data.Statistical TestsCVR maps were compared among the three groups. Partial correlation analyses were performed to correlate impaired CVR with WMH volume and cognitive test scores. Mediation analysis was conducted to determine whether WMH acted as a mediating factor between CVR and cognitive function.ResultsCompared with the NC group, both WMH groups showed reduced CVR in the left hemisphere (P < 0.05). The WMH‐CI group showed further decreased CVR in the left frontal area, when compared with the WMH‐no‐CI group (P < 0.05). In the WMH‐CI group, the lower CVR in left frontal area was a strong indicator of poor performance on general cognition (r = 0.311), executive function (r = 0.362), and information processing speed (r = 0.399) (all P < 0.05). Periventricular WMH (PWMH) volume mediated these correlations, the β and 95% bootstrap confidence intervals were (0.5097, [0.1498,1.1385]), (−0.4081, [−1.0256,‐0.1363]), and (−0.5576, [−1.4666,‐0.1538]), respectively.Data ConclusionWMH‐CI subjects showed a greater reduction of CVR derived from a resting‐state BOLD approach in the left frontal area than WMH‐no‐CI subjects. Cognition was highly dependent on the integrity of cerebrovascular reactivity and mediated by PWMH burden.Level of Evidence4Technical EfficacyStage 2
Quantitative Skeletal Muscle Imaging Using 3D MR Fingerprinting With Water and Fat Separation
Authors: Marty Benjamin , Lopez Kolkovsky Alfredo L. , Araujo Ericky C.A. , Reyngoudt Harmen 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundQuantitative muscle MRI is a robust tool to monitor intramuscular fatty replacement and disease activity in patients with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs).PurposeTo implement a 3D sequence for quantifying simultaneously fat fraction (FF) and water T1 (T1,H2O) in the skeletal muscle, evaluate regular undersampling in the partition‐encoding direction, and compare it to a recently proposed 2D MR fingerprinting sequence with water and fat separation (MRF T1‐FF).Study TypeProspective.Phantom/SubjectsSeventeen‐vial phantom at different FF and T1,H2O, 11 healthy volunteers, and 6 subjects with different NMDs.Field Strength/Sequence3T/3D MRF T1‐FF, 2D MRF T1‐FF, STEAM MRSASSESSMENTFF and T1,H2O measured with the 2D and 3D sequences were compared in the phantom and in vivo at different undersampling factors (US). Data were acquired in healthy subjects before and after plantar dorsiflexions and at rest in patients.Statistical TestsLinear correlations, Bland–Altman analysis, two‐way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student's t‐test.ResultsUp to a US factor of 3, the undersampled acquisitions were in good agreement with the fully sampled sequence (R2 ≥ 0.98, T1,H2O bias ≤10 msec, FF bias ≤4 × 10–4) both in phantom and in vivo. The 2D and 3D MRF T1‐FF sequences provided comparable T1,H2O and FF values (R2 ≥ 0.95, absolute T1,H2O bias ≤35 msec, and absolute FF bias ≤0.003). The plantar dorsiflexion induced a significant increase of T1,H2O in the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum (relative increase of +10.8 ± 1.7% and + 7.7 ± 1.4%, respectively, P < 0.05), that was accompanied by a significant reduction of FF in the tibialis anterior (relative decrease of –16.3 ± 4.0%, P < 0.05). Some subjects with NMDs presented increased and heterogeneous T1,H2O and FF values throughout the leg.Data ConclusionQuantitative 3D T1,H2O and FF maps covering the entire leg were obtained within acquisition times compatible with clinical research (4 minutes 20 seconds) and a 1 × 1 × 5 mm3 spatial resolution.Level of Evidence2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Leaving it on the table? An examination of unrealized bargaining power in multimarket buyer–supplier exchanges
Authors: Cheng Li , Craighead Christopher W. , Crook T. Russell , Eckerd Stephanie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe study of bargaining power and its role in negotiations has a long history in operations management research. Much of this research has involved buyer–supplier exchanges and has often hinged on the assumption that powerful firms negotiate to wield (fully) their power for favorable outcomes. Yet, it is unclear to what extent firms transform their potential power into realized power. Building on insights grounded in resource dependence theory and literature on competitive dynamics and organization design, we theorize that structural factors (i.e., decentralization, spheres of influence, and mutual dependence) constrain firms from fully realizing their potential power. In doing so, we center on a more nuanced context—multimarket buyer–supplier exchanges, wherein buyers and suppliers handle multiple exchanges across different product markets. We use two controlled negotiation experiments to test our hypotheses. Our results show that in multimarket exchanges, three key factors (and how they sometimes interact) constrain power use. These results offer boundary conditions to extant theory. Most profoundly, our results reveal that centralization (traditionally viewed as a structural lever to enhance power use) alone does not affect power use but has distinct effects conditional on other factors—countering theory and challenging best practices in industry.
The anaerobic corrosion of candidate disposal canister materials in compacted bentonite exposed to natural granitic porewater containing native microbial populations
Authors: Reddy Bharti , Padovani Cristiano , Rance Andrew P. , Smart Nick R. , Cook Angus , Haynes Haydn M. , Milodowski Antoni E. , Field Lorraine P. , Kemp Simon J. , Martin Andrew , Diomidis Nikitas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe materials corrosion test (MaCoTe) is a long‐term, multinational in situ corrosion experiment setup at the Grimsel Test Site, Switzerland. The experiment has been operating since 2014 with a focus on the corrosion behaviour of container materials for the disposal of high‐level waste and spent nuclear fuel under conditions representing a granitic deep geological repository. The experiment consists of eight modules containing metal coupons and bentonite. Two of the modules, each with a different bentonite density, have been retrieved after 394 days of exposure and have been analysed using a range of techniques aimed at studying the corrosion behaviour of the metals and the mineralogical evolution of the bentonite. Weight loss measurements show that carbon steel had a relatively low average corrosion rate (~2 µm year−1). Much lower average corrosion rates were measured for the various types of copper (0.13–0.32 µm year−1). No detectable corrosion was measured on stainless steel coupons. To date, no significant differences were observed in the corrosion behaviour and rate of the test metals in bentonite with different dry densities.
Inborn Errors of Metabolism in Adults: Two Patients with Movement Disorders Caused by Glutaric Aciduria Type 1
Authors: Ulmanová Olga , Koens Lisette H. , Jahnová Helena , de Vries Jeroen J. , de Koning Tom J. , Růžička Evžen , Tijssen Marina A.J. 
Published: September 2020

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CREBH: A Complex Array of Regulatory Mechanisms in Nutritional Signaling, Metabolic Inflammation, and Metabolic Disease
Authors: Wade Henry , Pan Kaichao , Su Qiaozhu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐resident basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor c‐AMP responsive element binding protein H (CREBH/CREB3L3) is exclusively expressed in the liver and intestine. Physiologically, CREBH is intrinsically linked to nutritional homeostasis via its regulation on fatty acid β‐oxidation, lipid droplet process, very low‐density lipoprotein metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and iron metabolism. Pathologically, CREBH enhances hepatic acute‐phase response gene expression (e.g., C‐reactive protein and serum amyloid P‐component) and mediates nutrient‐surplus induced metabolic inflammation. Hyperactivation of CREBH in metabolic inflammation further contributes to the development of hyperlipidemia, lipotoxicity, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, and potentially non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis. This review highlights recent findings that delineate the interactions between CREBH and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), fat‐specific protein 27 (FSP27), and lipoprotein metabolism with a focus on the molecular and biochemical mechanisms that underlie the development of metabolic inflammation, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and inflammatory associated bone disease.
The effects of scaling and bends in a fiber‐optic modalmetric acoustic detector
Authors: Freitas Taiane A. M. G. , Ribeiro Ricardo M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis report describes a simple and very sensitive modal interferometer (modalmetric) opto‐acoustic detector primarily thought for digital acoustic communications. The modalmetric device was made from a single‐mode fiber spliced with a sensitive multimode fiber (s‐MMF) strand. A nonlinear increase of the phase‐shift and a higher effective sensitivity of the device were observed when the interaction length of the s‐MMF in contact with the surface receiving acoustic signals was increased from 5 to 25 cm and also when the s‐MMF was bent—scaling and bend effects. A sensitivity increase of 14.2 dB was measured for very weak acoustic signals caused by at least three interfering modes. All tests in the proof‐of‐principle basis were performed at 42.9 kHz carrier frequency and 1550 nm wavelength.
CT artifact correction for sparse and truncated projection data using generative adversarial networks
Authors: Podgorsak Alexander R , Shiraz Bhurwani Mohammad Mahdi , Ionita Ciprian N 
Published: September 2020

PurposeComputed tomography image reconstruction using truncated or sparsely acquired projection data to reduce radiation dose, iodine volume, and patient motion artifacts has been widely investigated. To continue these efforts, we investigated the use of machine learning‐based reconstruction techniques using deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (DCGANs) and evaluated its effect using standard imaging metrics.MethodsTen thousand head computed tomography (CT) scans were collected from the 2019 RSNA Intracranial Hemorrhage Detection and Classification Challenge dataset. Sinograms were simulated and then resampled in both a one‐third truncated and one‐third sparse manner. DCGANs were tasked with correcting the incomplete projection data, either in the sinogram domain where the full sinogram was recovered by the DCGAN and then reconstructed, or the reconstruction domain where the incomplete data were first reconstructed and the sparse or truncation artifacts were corrected by the DCGAN. Seventy‐five hundred images were used for network training and 2500 were withheld for network assessment using mean absolute error (MAE), structural similarity index measure (SSIM), and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) between results of different correction techniques. Image data from a quality‐assurance phantom were also resampled in the two manners and corrected and reconstructed for network performance assessment using line profiles across high‐contrast features, the modulation transfer function (MTF), noise power spectrum (NPS), and Hounsfield Unit (HU) linearity analysis.ResultsBetter agreement with the fully sampled reconstructions were achieved from sparse acquisition corrected in the sinogram domain and the truncated acquisition corrected in the reconstruction domain. MAE, SSIM, and PSNR showed quantitative improvement from the DCGAN correction techniques. HU linearity of the reconstructions was maintained by the correction techniques for the sparse and truncated acquisitions. MTF curves reached the 10% modulation cutoff frequency at 5.86 lp/cm for the truncated corrected reconstruction compared with 2.98 lp/cm for the truncated uncorrected reconstruction, and 5.36 lp/cm for the sparse corrected reconstruction compared with around 2.91 lp/cm for the sparse uncorrected reconstruction. NPS analyses yielded better agreement across a range of frequencies between the resampled corrected phantom and truth reconstructions.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the use of DCGANs for CT‐image correction from sparse and truncated simulated projection data, while preserving imaging quality of the fully sampled projection data.
Fully self‐gated whole‐heart 4D flow imaging from a 5‐minute scan
Authors: Pruitt Aaron , Rich Adam , Liu Yingmin , Jin Ning , Potter Lee , Tong Matthew , Rajpal Saurabh , Simonetti Orlando , Ahmad Rizwan 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo develop and validate an acquisition and processing technique that enables fully self‐gated 4D flow imaging with whole‐heart coverage in a fixed 5‐minute scan.Theory and MethodsThe data are acquired continuously using Cartesian sampling and sorted into respiratory and cardiac bins using the self‐gating signal. The reconstruction is performed using a recently proposed Bayesian method called ReVEAL4D. ReVEAL4D is validated using data from 8 healthy volunteers and 2 patients and compared with compressed sensing technique, L1‐SENSE.ResultsHealthy subjects—Compared with 2D phase‐contrast MRI (2D‐PC), flow quantification from ReVEAL4D shows no significant bias. In contrast, the peak velocity and peak flow rate for L1‐SENSE are significantly underestimated. Compared with traditional parallel MRI‐based 4D flow imaging, ReVEAL4D demonstrates small but significant biases in net flow and peak flow rate, with no significant bias in peak velocity. All 3 indices are significantly and more markedly underestimated by L1‐SENSE. Patients—Flow quantification from ReVEAL4D agrees well with the 2D‐PC reference. In contrast, L1‐SENSE markedly underestimated peak velocity.ConclusionsThe combination of highly accelerated 5‐minute Cartesian acquisition, self‐gating, and ReVEAL4D enables whole‐heart 4D flow imaging with accurate flow quantification.
Determining the effects of traditional learning approach and interactive learning activities on personal and professional factors among Saudi intern nurses
Authors: AlKhaibary Ahmad A. , Ramadan Faten Z. , Aboshaiqah Ahmad E. , Baker Omar G. , AlZaatari Salwa Z. , AlZaatari Salim Z. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimThis study determines the impact of traditional and interactive learning activities on personal and professional development among Saudi intern nurses.DesignA comparative research design was adopted by recruiting 48 intern nurses, who were divided into two equal groups.MethodsData were collected through the clinical assessment tool for nursing education.ResultsEnthusiasm (p < .0001), initiative (p < .0001), realistic self‐confidence (p < .0001), competent cooperation with staff (p < .0001) and competent cooperation with patients (p < .0001) were significantly higher among the interactive learning activity group compared with traditional group. The interactive learning activity showed better attitude of Saudi intern nurses in terms of caring, respect and sensitivity towards the needs and well‐being of their patients, while considering personal factors.
The effect of incorporation of hybrid silica and cobalt ferrite nanofillers on the mechanical characteristics of glass fiber‐reinforced polymeric composites
Authors: Megahed M. , Tobbala D. E. , El‐baky M. A. Abd 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecently, hybrid nanofillers loading has been utilized to fabricate multifunctional composites. In this study, silica (SiO2) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles were combined to form a new hybrid composite structure. Nanofilled glass/epoxy hybrid composite laminates were fabricated using hand lay‐up technique. SiO2/CoFe2O4hybrid fillers were dispersed in epoxy matrix with sonication. The effect of incorporating SiO2/CoFe2O4hybrid nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of glass fiber/epoxy composites was investigated. The resultant SiO2/CoFe2O4hybrid nanocomposites showed good mechanical properties as compared to hybrid nanocomposites fabricated by individually loading SiO2or CoFe2O4nanoparticles as well as pristine glass fiber/epoxy composite. A visible improvement in the mechanical properties was observed with hybrid nanocomposite that consisted of CoFe2O4/epoxy core layers and SiO2/epoxy skin layers detached with intermediate layers of hybrid SiO2 + CoFe2O4/epoxy. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images of tensile and flexural fractured surfaces reveal a good fiber/matrix interfacial bonding.
The effect of barium titanate ceramic loading on the stress relaxation behavior of barium titanate‐silicone elastomer composites
Authors: Cholleti Eshwar Reddy , Stringer Jonathan , Kelly Piaras , Bowen Chris , Aw Kean 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe stress relaxation behavior of barium titanate (BTO)‐elastomer (Ecoflex) composites, as used in large strain sensors, is studied using the generalized Maxwell‐Wiechert model. In this article, we examine the stress relaxation behavior of ceramic polymer composites by conducting stress relaxation tests on samples prepared with varying the particle loading by 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt% of 100 and 200 nm BTO ceramic particles embedded in a Ecoflex silicone‐based hyperelastic elastomer. The influence of BTO on the Maxwell‐Wiechert model parameters was studied through the stress relaxation results. While a pristine Ecoflex silicone elastomer is predominantly a hyperelastic material, the addition of BTO made the composite behave as a visco‐hyperelastic material. However, this behavior was shown to have a negligible effect on the electrical sensing performance of the large strain sensor.