bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of What and Why? Disaggregating Pathways to Extremist Behaviours in Individuals Susceptible to Violent Extremism
Authors: Clemmow Caitlin , Fowler Nicola , Seaward Amber , Gill Paul 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBest practice in violent extremist risk assessment and management recommends adopting a Structured Professional Judgement (SPJ) approach. The SPJ approach identifies relevant, evidence‐based risk and protective factors and requires experts to articulate hypotheses about a) what the person might do (risk of what), and b) how they've come to engage in the concerning behaviour (and why) (Logan 2021) to inform who, needs to do what, and when. Whilst the field continues to move towards adopting an SPJ approach, there remains a gap between what is known empirically and what is needed in practice. We apply psychometric network modelling to a sample of 485 individuals entered into Channel, the UK's preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE) program. We model the system of interactions from which susceptibility to violent extremism emerges, providing data driven evidence which speaks to risk of what and why. Our research highlights a way to generate evidence which captures the multifactorial nature of susceptibility to violent extremism, to support professional decision making in the context of an SPJ approach.
Management of Placenta Previa in a Jehovah's Witness Patient
Authors: Srinivasan Aariya , Ikram Jibran , Ayad Sabry 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPlacenta previa is the partial or complete covering of the internal os of cervix. It is one of the major risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. A 36‐year‐old G3P2 Jehovah's Witness female with a gestational age of 36 weeks 6 days and past medical history of chronic hypertension, T2DM, asthma, and past obstetric history of two cesarean sections, large for gestational age babies, and postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony, underwent an elective repeat low transverse cesarean section in view of posterior complete placenta previa, complicated by massive postpartum hemorrhage. The patient was immediately transported to the interventional radiology (IR) for uterine artery embolization (UAE) after unsuccessful treatment attempts with uterotonics and JADA system (vacuum induced uterine tamponade). In view of rapidly progressing bleeding, the decision was made for an urgent hysterectomy. Management of postpartum hemorrhage in a Jehovah's Witness patient is particularly complex as these patients refuse administration of blood products and involves medical, ethical, and legal implications.
Cornual Pregnancy as a Rare Entity of Ectopic Pregnancy After Assisted Reproductive Therapy‐Embryo Transfer (ART‐ET): A Case Report
Authors: Keikha Fatemeh , Shbeeb Hawraa , Homam Huma , Nasiri Khormoji Najmeh , Nouri Mahdiye 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCornual pregnancy, a rare and life‐threatening form of ectopic pregnancy, poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its deep implantation in the uterus. This report presents a case of a 31‐year‐old woman with a history of assisted reproductive technology (ART) and prior salpingectomy, who was diagnosed with a right cornual pregnancy following embryo transfer. The patient experienced lower abdominal pain and was found to have an enlarged uterus on ultrasonography. Early diagnosis via three‐dimensional transvaginal ultrasonography enabled timely intervention, preventing rupture and severe hemorrhage. Surgical management involved a combined hysteroscopy and minilaparotomy to resect the cornual pregnancy. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis, and the patient's recovery was uneventful. Elective cesarean section at 36–37 weeks was advised for future pregnancies to prevent uterine rupture.
Aconite Poisoning: From Crisis to Healing
Authors: Baral Barsha , Kandel Arjun , Khan Sajjad Ahmed , Regmi Pratik Raj , Jha Saurav , Shah Rajat 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEarly recognition and prompt intervention are crucial in managing aconite poisoning. Rapid treatment with intravenous magnesium sulfate and amiodarone can stabilize severe cardiac arrhythmias. Vigilant monitoring and tailored therapeutic strategies enhance recovery and improve patient outcomes in acute poisoning cases.
Mechanistic Investigations on the Direct Regioselective Sulfonation of Gaseous Light Hydrocarbons by Sulfur Dioxide
Authors: Wang Jen‐Chieh , Kim Sungah , Lee Joo Ho , Ascencio Carlos , Chung Lynn , Cashman Julia , Jung Kyung Woon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGaseous light hydrocarbons (LHs) are traditionally used as fuels, while their functionalization leads to wide applications of high economical values. Presented herein is the direct sulfonation of gaseous LHs by using SO2 and O2 gases. The in situ‐generated trifluoroperacetic acid (TFAOOH) and bis(trifluoroacetyl) peroxide ((TFAO)2) furnished the radical propagators trifluoroacetoxyl radicals (TFAO•) and HO•. The resultant trifluoroacetylsulfuric acid (TFAOSO3H) efficiently sulfonated LHs under mild conditions and in good chemoselectivities.
Efficacy of a couple‐based intervention addressing sexual concerns for breast cancer survivors: Results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Reese Jennifer Barsky , Lepore Stephen J. , Sorice Kristen A. , Zimmaro Lauren A. , Hasler Jill , Handorf Elizabeth , Daly Mary B. , Zaleta Alexandra K. , Westbrook Kelly , Porter Laura S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundSexual concerns are common and problematic for breast cancer survivors. Partner and relationship factors often play a key role in determining survivors' sexual adjustment, making it likely that couple‐based interventions that integrate survivors' partners could be especially promising for addressing survivors' sexual concerns. Yet few such interventions have been tested. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Intimacy Enhancement (IE) intervention, a four‐session, couple‐based intervention addressing breast cancer survivors' sexual concerns by telephone in a randomized controlled trial.MethodsFemale posttreatment breast cancer survivors reporting sexual concerns and their intimate partners (N = 120 couples; 240 participants) were randomized either to the IE intervention or to Living Healthy Together (LHT), an active control intervention of equivalent length. Outcomes (measured at baseline, postintervention, and at 3 and 6 months postintervention) included breast cancer survivors' sexual function (primary), partners' sexual function (secondary), and survivors' and partners' psychosocial and relationship outcomes (secondary). Mixed linear regression models examined intervention effects on outcomes at all follow‐ups.ResultsModel‐based estimates of intervention effects showed greater improvements in survivors' overall sexual function, sexual satisfaction, arousal, lubrication, and orgasm at postintervention (p < .05). Effects on survivors' 3‐month and 6‐month sexual functioning or other secondary outcomes were minimal. Most couples completed all IE sessions (97%) and LHT (92%), and satisfaction ratings were high.ConclusionsCompared with an active control intervention, the IE intervention had significant short‐term benefits for survivors' sexual function. Efforts may be needed to increase the longevity of the positive effects, such as more frequent or adjunctive treatments.
MELD score predicts outcomes in patients with advanced heart failure: A longitudinal evaluation
Authors: Curcio Francesco , Amarelli Cristiano , Chiappetti Rosaria , Mattucci Irene , Flocco Veronica , Rammal Mahmoud Issa , Abete Ciro , Mazzella Francesca , Maiello Ciro , Abete Pasquale , Cacciatore Francesco 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsAdvanced heart failure (AHF) is characterized by recurrent episodes of haemodynamic instability and frequent hospitalizations, leading to a progressive decline in quality of life and high mortality rates. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of the model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score and its variations in predicting adverse outcomes [death, urgent heart transplant, and left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implant] among patients with AHF to assess the clinical associations of the MELD score in this population and to compare the efficacy of this tool with other prognostic scores in AHF.Methods and resultsIn this longitudinal prospective study, 162 patients with advanced heart failure (AHF) were enrolled; all patients included in the study were receiving the maximum tolerated medical therapy according to guidelines. The MELD score was measured at baseline and every 6 months during follow‐up. All patients underwent echocardiographic assessment and cardiopulmonary testing, which included the evaluation of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and the minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2) slope. The mean age of the study group was 57.7 ± 11.6 years. There were 26 deaths, 5 urgent transplants, and 1 LVAD implantation during a follow‐up period of 31.4 ± 15.6 months. The mean New York Heart Association (NYHA) class was 2.8 ± 0.5, ejection fraction (EF) was 26.3 ± 6.5%, the mean VO2max was 11.7 ± 3.5 mL/kg/min. Multiple regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between the MELD score and NT‐proBNP (β = 0.215; P = 0.041) and furosemide dosage (β = 0.187; P = 0.040). Conversely, a negative correlation was observed between the MELD score and TAPSE (β = −0.204; P = 0.047). Multivariate Cox regression on combined outcome shows a HR of 1.094 (95% CI 1.003–1.196) for unit increase in MELD considered as a continuous variable. The predictive role is independent by the effect of covariates considered in the analysis such as age, sex, NYHA class, EF, TAPSE, PASP, VO2max, NT‐proBNP, MELD score worsening, and NT‐proBNP increase. Changes in MELD score percentage, considered as a dichotomous variable (≤100% and >100%), were found to be predictors of mortality, urgent heart transplant and LVAD implant. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.887 for MELD score and composite outcome of death, urgent transplant, and need for LVAD. The predictive performance of MELD was even superior compared with MELD‐Na, MELD‐XI, MAGGIC risk score, and MECKI.ConclusionsThe MELD score and its longitudinal changes are effective predictors of adverse outcomes in AHF.
Silver‐Based Supportless Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Weseler Lydia , Löffelholz Marco , Osiewacz Jens , Turek Thomas 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMost commonly, electrochemical CO2 reduction is performed in a three‐compartment setup employing gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) to decrease mass transport limitations of the gaseous reactant CO2 to the reaction interface. However recently, there has been a rising number of investigations on suitable membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) to overcome ohmic potential losses caused by the electrolyte gaps in the systems. While the significant majority of MEAs exhibited in literature is based on catalyst‐coated gas diffusion layers, this work presents an approach that does not require a likewise support. On the basis of a catalyst suspension similar to mixtures already employed for GDE production on industrial level, a method to directly transfer the resulting catalyst layers to the membrane is developed. The Faradaic efficiency of carbon monoxide, i.e. target product formation of GDEs manufactured according to a similar procedure, can be matched or even exceeded for individual modifications of the exchange MEAs. Simultaneously, the cell potentials can be remarkably decreased in this setup. By gradual adaptation of the fabrication procedure, the influence of important manufacturing parameters is unraveled, also discussing the effect of hydrogen permeation through the membrane.
Barkhausen Noise‐ and Eddy Current‐Based Measurements for Online Detection of Deformation‐Induced Martensite During Flow Forming of Metastable Austenitic Steel AISI 304L
Authors: Rozo Vasquez Julian , Kanagarajah Hanigah , Arian Bahman , Kersting Lukas , Homberg Werner , Trächtler Ansgar , Walther Frank 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with micromagnetic measurements for online detection of strain‐induced α′‐martensite during plastic deformation of metastable austenitic steel AISI 304L. The operating principles of the sensors are magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) and eddy currents (EC), which are suitable for detection of microstructure evolution due to formation of ferromagnetic phases. The focus of this study was put on the qualification of different micromagnetic techniques and different measurement systems under conditions similar to the real ones during production, which is crucial for implementation of a property‐controlled flow forming process. The investigation was carried out on tubular specimens produced by flow forming, which have different content of α′‐martensite. To characterize the sensitivity of the sensors, different contact conditions between sensors and workpieces were reproduced. MBN sensors are suitable for detecting amount of α′‐martensite, but the measurements are affected by the surface roughness. This entails that the calibration models for MBN sensors must take account of these effects. EC sensors show a closer match with the amount of α′‐martensite without having major affectation by other effects.
Research on the Impact of Coastal Land Reclamation on Geomorphic Complexity and Tidal Energy Dissipation—A Case Study of Zhoushan Islands, Hangzhou Bay
Authors: Zhang Shixia , Hong Qiankun , Guo Huifang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCoastal mudflats are vital land resources. In recent years, coastal reclamation has emerged as a vital strategy for alleviating coastal land supply shortages and for developing marine resources in coastal areas. However, large‐scale coastal reclamation changes the natural landscape properties of sea areas, triggering alterations in the surrounding hydrodynamic and ecological environments. Despite the significant impact of coastal geomorphic features on tidal energy loss and disaster prevention, few studies have explored the intrinsic connection between the complexity of coastal landscapes and the rate of tidal reduction. This relationship is crucial for predicting potential tidal energy loss responses to large‐scale changes in geomorphologic features caused by accelerating coastal land reclamation. This study focuses on Hangzhou Bay as the research area and develops a model that combines the correlation between the rate of tidal reduction and the complexity of coastal landscapes. The model is constructed using fractal geometry theory and quantitative methods, while also incorporating principles from ocean dynamics theory. The model is applied to assess the impacts of reclaimed land on the geomorphic complexity and tidal energy dissipation in the Zhoushan Islands. Results indicate a high correlation between differential tide reduction rates and coastal geomorphic complexity. Application of this model reveals that traditional reclamation planning and design substantially alter coastal morphology. Consequently, the significant reduction in the fractal dimension (D) and shape index (S) leads to a tidal reduction rate decrease of over 88%, posing substantial threats to coastal and estuarine bay disaster prevention and ecosystem services. The study proposes effective control indicators and scientific reclamation planning measures, providing a theoretical basis and novel methods for the rational utilization and sustainable development of coastal mudflat resources.
What's in store for UK climate policy in the next five years? Reflections from environmental leaders past, present and future
Authors: Parsons Laurie , Howarth Candice , Gagnon Alexandre , Gummer Baron Deben John Selwyn , McCarthy Kerry , McLachlan Carly , Brown Donal 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn light of the UK's 2024 general election and new government, UK policy on climate change is likely to see a shift in direction. This paper presents the proceedings of an event held at the UK Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) (RGS‐IBG) in February 2024, exploring the path ahead for UK climate policy. Four expert panelists were asked to reflect on the achievements and shortcomings of climate policy over the past five years and to provide insights into the future of climate policy for the coming five years. Presenting the transactions of this panel, this dialogue paper aims to highlight the interrelationship between research and scholarship, media portrayals, and political discourse on climate change in the UK, demonstrating how preconceptions and dominant ideas in each sphere will shape action and policy in the coming years.
Influence of Betrayal on Emotional Modulation of Executive Control: Evidence From ERPs
Authors: Yuan Shuge , Xu Mengsi , Zhang Lijie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have found that betrayal increases negative attentional bias and hinders executive control. However, it remains unclear how betrayal influences emotional modulation of executive control. What's more, according to the dual mechanisms of control model, executive control can be divided into reactive and proactive control. It also requires clarification whether both aspects of executive control are affected equally by betrayal in emotional contexts. Thus, the present study aims to provide insight into how betrayal influences the emotional modulation of executive control. Betrayal was induced using a repeated trust game in two experiments. Eighty‐two participants (40 for Experiment 1 and 42 for Experiment 2) completed emotional executive control tasks while event‐related potentials were recorded. In Experiment 1, an emotional Go/No‐go task was used to explore the impact of betrayal on the emotional modulation of executive control. The results indicated that betrayal resulted in inefficient top‐down attention processing towards negative stimuli and impaired executive control over these stimuli. This was evidenced by higher N2a and N2b amplitudes in the angry Go condition, and smaller angry No‐go P3 amplitudes in individuals who experienced betrayal compared to the control group. In Experiment 2, a modified emotional Stroop task was employed to measure proactive and reactive control in emotional contexts. The results indicated that betrayal impaired only reactive control towards negative stimuli and did not affect proactive control. This was evidenced by the betrayed group exhibiting smaller SP amplitudes under the happy incongruent condition in the most congruent context, with no significant difference observed in the most incongruent context. In summary, betrayal decreases the efficiency of top‐down attentional processing directed towards negative stimuli and hampers executive control over negative stimuli. Moreover, this impairment appears to be confined to reactive control strategy.
Behavioral Consequences of Hippocampal 5‐HT7 Receptors Blockade in Stressed Rats
Authors: Pereira Adriana Colsera , Gonçalez Júlia Lopes , Prado Thalita Aparecida Riul , Campos‐Cardoso Rodrigo , Zagatto Giovana Vieira Viais , Lorenzo Pedro Guilherme Pauletti , Padovan Cláudia Maria 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSerotonin (5‐HT) has long been involved in response to stress and its effect may be, in part, mediated by 5‐HT1a and 5‐HT7 receptor subtypes in different brain structures. Both pre‐ and post‐synaptic activation of 5‐HT1a receptor, respectively, in the rat median raphe nucleus (MnRN) and hippocampus, lead to adaptation to acute inescapable stressors such as restraint and forced swim. 5‐HT7 receptor (5HT7r), a stimulatory G‐protein coupled receptor, has also been investigated as a possible candidate for mediating stress response. In the MnRN, activation of 5‐HT7r has antidepressant effects, while in the hippocampus, 5HT7r mRNA expression is increased after exposure to restraint stress, but the functional significance of these receptors remains to be determined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether blockade of hippocampal 5HT7r would prevent and/or attenuate the behavioral effects of stress. Male adult Wistar rats with bilateral cannulas aimed at the dorsal hippocampus were restrained for 2 h and tested in the elevated plus maze (EPM) 24 h later. SB 258741 (3 nmoles/0.5 μL/side; selective 5HT7r antagonist) was administered bilateraly into the hippocampus according to the experimental protocol: immediately before or after stress, or 24 h after it (immediately before the test). In a second experiment, rats were exposed to 15 min. of forced swim, and tested 24 h later. Intra‐hippocampal treatment was performed as described for the restraint stress protocol. We found that blockade of hippocampal 5‐HT7r immediately after, but not before, the exposure to restraint or forced swim attenuated stress‐induced behavioral changes. Similar results were obtained when SB was administered before the test in previously stressed rats. Our data suggest that activation of hippocampal 5‐HT7r is crucial for the consolidation and retrieval of aversive stimulus‐related memories, such as those caused by a stressful experience, probably through mechanisms involving stress‐induced changes in 5‐HT7r expression.
At the Interface Between Parasympathetic Activity and Self‐Regulation in Young Children: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Holochwost Steven J. , Propper Cathi B. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) is highly responsive to changes in environmental conditions and serves an essential role in mobilising the metabolic resources required for young children to regulate their thoughts, emotions and behaviours. According to polyvagal theory, the PNS evolved to play a leading role in the neurophysiological response to situations that range from modestly challenging to engaging, and many situations in which young children must exercise volitional processes of self‐regulation conform to this description. Children's phasic parasympathetic activity during measures of volitional self‐regulation is often associated with their performance on those measures or with their performance on other assessments of self‐regulation, but the nature of the associations between PNS activity and performance on measures of volitional self‐regulation is highly variable. This heterogeneity complicates the interpretation of results obtained across different studies and inhibits our ability to formulate directional hypotheses about what patterns of phasic parasympathetic activity we would expect to observe as young children exercise volitional processes of self‐regulation in different situations. This special issue presents a set of papers that addressed these challenges by administering multiple measures of volitional self‐regulation to the same sample of children or by examining how children's characteristics and experience in their developmental environments may account for observed differences in their phasic PNS activity.