bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of a brief educational cartoon on trainee clinicians’ awareness of risks of ionising-radiation exposure: a feasibility pre-post intervention study of a novel educational tool to promote patient safety
Authors: Thurley Pete , Bowker Richard , Bhatti Imran , Skelly Rob , Law Russ , Salaman Rachel , Young Ben , Fogarty Andrew 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundOver recent decades, CT scans have become routinely available and are used in both acute medical and outpatient environments. However, there is a small increase in the risk of adverse consequences, including an increase in the risk of both malignancy and cataracts. Clinicians are often unaware of these facts, and this represents a challenge for medical educators in England, where almost 5 million CT scans are done annually. New whiteboard methodologies permit development of innovative educational tools that are efficient and scalable in communicating simple educational messages that promote patient safety.MethodsA short educational whiteboard cartoon was developed to explore the prior observation that adolescents under the care of paediatricians had a much lower risk of receiving a CT scan than those under the care of clinicians who care for adults. This explored the risks after receiving a CT scan and strategies that can be used to avoid them. The educational cartoon was piloted on new doctors who were attending induction training at a busy teaching hospital.ResultsThe main output was the educational whiteboard cartoon itself. Before the new medical trainees’ induction, 56% (25/45) had received no formal training in radiation awareness, and this decreased to 26% (6/23) after the exposure to the educational cartoon (p=0.02). At baseline, 60% (27/45) of respondents considered that young females were at highest risk from exposure to ionising radiation, and this increased to 87% (20/23) after exposure to the educational cartoon (p=0.06).ConclusionsThis proof-of-concept feasibility study demonstrates that whiteboard cartoons provide a novel and feasible approach to efficiently promote patient safety issues, where a short succinct message is often appropriate.
Barriers and enablers to the implementation of multidisciplinary team meetings: a qualitative study using the theoretical domains framework
Authors: Maharaj Ashika D , Evans Sue M , Zalcberg John R , Ioannou Liane J , Graco Marnie , Croagh Daniel , Pilgrim Charles H C , Dodson Theresa , Goldstein David , Philip Jennifer , Kench James G , Merrett Neil D , Neale Rachel E , White Kate , Evans Peter , Leong Trevor , Green Sally E 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundEvidence-based clinical practice guidelines recommend discussion by a multidisciplinary team (MDT) to review and plan the management of patients for a variety of cancers. However, not all patients diagnosed with cancer are presented at an MDT.Objectives(1) To identify the factors (barriers and enablers) influencing presentation of all patients to, and the perceived value of, MDT meetings in the management of patients with pancreatic cancer and; (2) to identify potential interventions that could overcome modifiable barriers and enhance enablers using the theoretical domains framework (TDF).MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted with radiologists, surgeons, medical and radiation oncologists, gastroenterologists, palliative care specialists and nurse specialists based in New South Wales and Victoria, Australia. Interviews were conducted either in person or via videoconferencing. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, deidentified and data were thematically coded according to the 12 domains explored within the TDF. Common belief statements were generated to compare the variation between participant responses.ResultsIn total, 29 specialists were interviewed over a 4-month period. Twenty-two themes and 40 belief statements relevant to all the TDF domains were generated. Key enablers influencing MDT practices included a strong organisational focus (social/professional role and identity), beliefs about the benefits of an MDT discussion (beliefs about consequences), the use of technology, for example, videoconferencing (environmental context and resources), the motivation to provide good quality care (motivation and goals) and collegiality (social influences). Barriers included: absence of palliative care representation (skills), the number of MDT meetings (environmental context and resources), the cumulative cost of staff time (beliefs about consequences), the lack of capacity to discuss all patients within the allotted time (beliefs about capabilities) and reduced confidence to participate in discussions (social influences).ConclusionsThe internal and external organisational structures surrounding MDT meetings ideally need to be strengthened with the development of agreed evidence-based protocols and referral pathways, a focus on resource allocation and capabilities, and a culture that fosters widespread collaboration for all stages of pancreatic cancer.
Physical appearance and well-being in adults with incurable cancer: a thematic analysis
Authors: Tollow Philippa , Ogden Jane , McCabe Candida S , Harcourt Diana 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesExisting research has established the importance of appearance concerns for individuals with cancer and identified appearance as an important factor in dying with dignity. No research, however, has explored in depth the role of appearance in the experiences of individuals who have incurable cancer. This research aims to explore patients’ experiences and perspectives in relation to the role of appearance issues in adults with incurable cancer.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 adults with incurable cancer (20 women, 4 men; mean age 54.5, SD 11.32).ResultsThematic analysis generated three themes: ‘Identity: Embodying Cancer’, ‘Communication: Wearing your illness’ and ‘Support: Holistic Care’. Appearance was felt to be an important element of identity, which was often dominated by cancer, leading to feelings of separation from the participant’s previous self. Appearance changes also influenced the way in which individuals communicated with their external world, forcing discussion of their diagnosis, and increasing focus on their cancer, with participants having to manage the emotional impact of this on loved ones, as well as the impact on their legacy. Finally, participants highlighted the positive impact of appearance-related support in their well-being and identified peer connections and refocusing on the self as key elements of such support.ConclusionsAppearance changes play an important role in the experiences of individuals with incurable cancer with regards to both identity and communication and challenged participants’ ability to maintain normalcy. Further psychosocial support relating to appearance concerns was considered necessary to promote dignity and provide truly holistic patient care.
Crown structure of European beech (Fagus sylvatica): a noncausal proxy for mechanical–physical wood properties
Authors: Rais Andreas , Jacobs Martin , van de Kuilen Jan-Willem G. , Pretzsch Hans 
Published: November 2020

The current tendency towards the silvicultural promotion of mixed tree species has increased the variability in the crown structure within stands. This study shows how neighbouring trees can influence both the external crown features and internal wood properties of trees. Using terrestrial laser scanning, the crown features of 100 European beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) from pure beech stands and mixed stands of beech with Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.), and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were recorded. After felling and sawing, the dynamic modulus of elasticity was determined on 1623 boards from the two lowest 4.1 m logs. Significant differences were found between beech trees from pure stands and those from beech–pine mixed stands in terms of crown volume (415 vs 766 m3), crown ratio (50.0% vs 71.5%), crown projection ratio (0.182 vs 0.253 m·cm−1), and branch angle (30.7° vs 54.1°). Multiple regression mixed models revealed significant relationships between timber stiffness and crown volume (–1.7 N·mm−2·m−3), crown ratio (–28.4 N·mm−2·%−1), and crown projection ratio (–9835 N·mm−2·m−1·cm). Thus, the crown morphology of broad-leaved species reflects the tree’s long-term competitive status and suggests indicators for the assessment of mechanical–physical wood properties.
EFFECTS OF VOLATILITY AMONG COMMODITIES IN THE LONG TERM: ANALYSIS OF A COMPLEX NETWORK
Authors: DE OLIVEIRA PASSOS MARCELO , TESSMANN MATHIAS SCHNEID , ELY RÉGIS AUGUSTO , UHR DANIEL , TAVEIRA MÁRCIO TACELI 
Published: November 2020

The large inflow of investment capital in critical periods sparked a debate about the extent to which these speculative bubbles affect asset volatility and how (and what extent) these volatilities are transmitted between them. In periods of greater uncertainty, commodity futures markets may receive and/or send two types of volatility spillovers: intergroup of assets and/or intragroup of assets. We tested for the period from March 3, 2000 to May 4, 2017, which of the two effects prevailed and in which group of assets was more intense. We concluded that the most relevant volatility transmission effects (measured by Diebold–Yilmaz indices) occurred intragroup of assets — corn, wheat, soy, oats and rice. These assets make up the main cluster of a commodities complex network. Thus, we detected and measured using network approach that the most significant effects was over the years of the Great Recession (2007–2009) and the peak of the European Sovereign Debt Crisis (2010–2012).
Conforming weighted delaunay triangulations
Authors: Alexa Marc 
Published: November 2020

Given a set of points together with a set of simplices we show how to compute weights associated with the points such that the weighted Delaunay triangulation of the point set contains the simplices, if possible. For a given triangulated surface, this process provides a tetrahedral mesh conforming to the triangulation, i.e. solves the problem of meshing the triangulated surface without inserting additional vertices. The restriction to weighted Delaunay triangulations ensures that the orthogonal dual mesh is embedded, facilitating common geometry processing tasks.
We show that the existence of a single simplex in a weighted Delaunay triangulation for given vertices amounts to a set of linear inequalities, one for each vertex. This means that the number of inequalities for a given triangle mesh is quadratic in the number of mesh elements, making the naive approach impractical. We devise an algorithm that incrementally selects a small subset of inequalities, repeatedly updating the weights, until the weighted Delaunay triangulation contains all constrained simplices or the problem becomes infeasible. Applying this algorithm to a range of triangle meshes commonly used graphics demonstrates that many of them admit a conforming weighted Delaunay triangulation, in contrast to conforming or constrained Delaunay that require additional vertices to split the input primitives.
Freely orientable microstructures for designing deformable 3D prints
Authors: Tricard Thibault , Tavernier Vincent , Zanni Cédric , Martínez Jonàs , Hugron Pierre-Alexandre , Neyret Fabrice , Lefebvre Sylvain 
Published: November 2020

Nature offers a marvel of astonishing and rich deformation behaviors. Yet, most of the objects we fabricate are comparatively rather inexpressive, either rigid or exhibiting simple homogeneous deformations when interacted with.
We explore the synthesis and fabrication of novel microstructures that mimic the effects of having oriented rigid fibers in an otherwise flexible material: the result is extremely rigid along a transverse direction while being comparatively very flexible in the locally orthogonal plane. By allowing free gradation of the rigidity direction orientation within the object, the microstructures can be designed such that, under deformation, distances along fibers in the volume are preserved while others freely change. Through a simple painting tool, this allows a designer to influence the way the volume reshapes when deformed, and results in a wide range of novel possibilities. Many gradations are possible: local free orientation of the fibers; local control of the overall material rigidity (structure density); local canceling of the effect of the fibers, obtaining a more isotropic material.
Our algorithm to synthesize the structures builds upon procedural texturing. It produces a cellular geometry that can be fabricated reliably despite 3D printing walls at a minimal thickness, allowing prints to be very flexible. The synthesis algorithm is efficient and scales to large volumes.
Data-driven authoring of large-scale ecosystems
Authors: Kapp Konrad , Gain James , Guérin Eric , Galin Eric , Peytavie Adrien 
Published: November 2020

In computer graphics populating a large-scale natural scene with plants in a fashion that both reflects the complex interrelationships and diversity present in real ecosystems and is computationally efficient enough to support iterative authoring remains an open problem. Ecosystem simulations embody many of the botanical influences, such as sunlight, temperature, and moisture, but require hours to complete, while synthesis from statistical distributions tends not to capture fine-scale variety and complexity.
Instead, we leverage real-world data and machine learning to derive a canopy height model (CHM) for unseen terrain provided by the user. Trees in the canopy layer are then fitted to the resulting CHM through a constrained iterative process that optimizes for a given distribution of species, and, finally, an understorey layer is synthesised using distributions derived from biome-specific undergrowth simulations. Such a hybrid data-driven approach has the advantage that it incorporates subtle biotic, abiotic, and disturbance factors implicitly encoded in the source data and evidences accepted biological behaviour, such as self-thinning, climatic adaptation, and gap dynamics.
The mantis shrimp superfamily Eurysquilloidea confirmed from Taiwan: Liusquilla taiwanica gen. et sp. nov.
Authors: Ahyong Shane T. , Lin Chia-Wei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Prior to the present study, the mantis shrimp superfamily Eurysquilloidea Manning, 1977, with the single family Eurysquillidae Manning, 1977, contained six genera and 32 species, most of which occur in the Indo-West Pacific. A new genus and species of eurysquilloid, Liusquilla taiwanica, recently discovered off southeastern Taiwan, is described herein, constituting the first record of the superfamily from the island. Sixty-eight species in six of the seven stomatopod superfamilies are now known from Taiwan. Liusquilla differs from other eurysquillids in the combination of four teeth on the dactylus of the raptorial claw and form of the eye and ocular scale. Liusquilla is possibly most closely related to Sinosquillla Liu & Wang, 1978, based on eye form and in the similarly ornamented, densely spinose telson and abdominal somite 6. A key to the eurysquillid genera is provided.
Species of Caridina nilotica group in China, with description of one new species (Crustacea, Decapoda, Atyidae)
Authors: Cai Yixiong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The atyid shrimps of Caridina nilotica species group from China are reviewed. Taxonomic diagnosis and discussions are given to three species so far known from China, viz. Caridina gracilipes De Man, 1892, Caridina macrophora Kemp, 1918 and Caridina elongapoda Liang & Yan, 1977. Detailed morphological description and illustrations are provided for a new species. Caridina sheni sp. nov. is morphologically similar to C. gracilipes but could be distinguished by its much longer dactylus of third and fifth pereiopods, and lower number of ventral rostral teeth.
A new species of sponge-inhabiting barnacle Neoacasta (Archaeobalanidae, Acastinae) in Kyushu, Japan
Authors: Yu Meng-Chen , Yorisue Takefumi , Kolbasov Gregory A. , Chan Benny K. K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper describes a new species of sponge-inhabiting barnacle, Neoacasta liui sp. nov., collected in Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan. In the present study we used both the morphological examination and DNA barcode (cytochrome c oxidase I gene) to distinguish this new species from acastine species including its congeners from Neoacasta Kolbasov, 1993. Neoacasta liui sp. nov. is similar to Neoacasta glans (Lamarck, 1818) in shell morphology, but the divergence in COI gene between them reached inter-specific differences. N. liui sp. nov. is characterized by externally latticed, narrow scutum, beak-shaped tergum with wider spur, and lack of six inwardly prominent teeth on margin of basis. N. glans having an Indo-West Pacific distribution may represent a complex of cryptic species.
Historical Thinking and the Human: Introduction
Authors: Tamm Marek , Simon Zoltán Boldizsár 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In recent years the age-old question “what is the human?” has acquired a new acuteness and novel dimensions. In introducing the special issue on “Historical Thinking and the Human”, this article argues that there are two main trends behind the contemporary “crisis of human”: ecological transformations (related to human-induced climate change and planetary environmental challenges), and technological ones (including advancements in human enhancement, biotechnology and artificial intelligence). After discussing the respective anthropocenic and technoscientific redefinitions of the human, the paper theorizes three elements in an emerging new historicity of the human: first, the move from a fixed category to a dynamic and indeterminate concept, considering the human as a lifeform in movement; second, the extent to which the human is conceived of in its relational dependence on various non-human agents, organic and non-organic; and third, the reconceptualization of the human not as one but as many, to comprehend that we cannot speak of human individuality in the classical biological sense. In the final part, the article addresses the consequences of the redefinition of the human for historical thinking. It makes the case for the need to elaborate a new notion of history – captured by the phrase “more-than-human history”, and attuned to an emerging planetary regime of historicity in which historical thinking becomes able to affirm multiple temporalities: digital, technoscientific, sociocultural, human, biological and anthropocenic. The article concludes by recognizing the necessity to venture into a new transdisciplinary knowledge economy, appropriate for making sense of the contemporary constellation of the entangled human, technological and natural worlds.
An Overview of the Pre-Suppression Society of Jesus in Spain
Authors: Manning Patricia W. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In An Overview of the Pre-Suppression Society of Jesus in Spain, Patricia W. Manning offers a survey of the Society of Jesus in Spain from its origins in Ignatius of Loyola’s early preaching to the aftereffects of its expulsion. Rather than nurture the nascent order, Loyola’s homeland was often ambivalent. His pre-Jesuit freelance sermonizing prompted investigations. The young Society confronted indifference and interference from the Spanish monarchy and outright opposition from other religious orders. This essay outlines the order’s ministerial and pedagogical activities, its relationship with women and with royal institutions, including the Spanish Inquisition, and Spanish members’ roles in theological debates concerning casuistry, free will, and the immaculate conception. It also considers the impact of Jesuits’ non-religious writings.
Twice as Nice: How Doubling Otolaryngology Rotation Time Affects the Intern Experience Nationwide
Authors: Maksimoski Matthew , Mutchnick Sean , Racette Samuel , Yu Karina J. , Micco Alan G. 
Published: November 2020

Objectives: Describe the current state of otolaryngologic residency training with recent changes to the program requirements by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) which increased the amount of time on intern year otolaryngology rotations from 3 to 6 months. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed and recruitment was done via personalized email sent to program coordinators of 113 ACGME-accredited otolaryngology training programs within the Unites States. The message requested a breakdown of the amount of time and specialty in which first year otolaryngologic residents rotated. Interval follow ups were sent at 3 and 6 months for coordinators who had not responded. Results: Response rate was 79.7% (90/113). General surgery and surgical intensive care unit were the two most common non-otolaryngologic rotations (92.2% and 96.6% respectively) while ophthalmology and radiation oncology were the least common at 7.8% each. All first year residents spend time on an inpatient otolaryngologic rotation, while 30.7% spend time on outpatient rotations. The most common subspecialties were head and neck oncology (40.0%) followed by pediatric otolaryngology (36.0%). Conclusions: Otolaryngologic training continues to become more slanted towards specialty-specific training and a concurrent reduction in “off-service” rotations. General inpatient services still predominate the intern year both inter- and intra-departmentally. These data provide insight into the training environment of the otolaryngologic trainees set to graduate residency for the first time this year.
SARS-CoV-2 immunochromatographic IgM/IgG rapid test in pregnancy: A false friend?
Authors: Fabre M , Ruiz-Martinez S , Monserrat Cantera ME , Cortizo Garrido A , Beunza Fabra Z , Peran M , Benito R , Mateo P , Paules C , Oros D 
Published: November 2020

Background An increasing body of evidence has revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women could increase the risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Careful monitoring of pregnancies with COVID-19 and measures to prevent neonatal infection are warranted. Therefore, rapid antibody tests have been suggested as an efficient screening tool during pregnancy. Cases We analysed the clinical performance during pregnancy of a rapid, lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay for qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies. We performed a universal screening including 169 patients during their last trimester of pregnancy. We present a series of 14 patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 immunochromatographic assay rapid test result. Immunochromatographic assay results were always confirmed by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays for quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM+IgA antibodies as the gold standard. We observed a positive predictive value of 50% and a false positive rate of 50% in pregnant women, involving a significantly lower diagnostic performance than reported in non-pregnant patients. Discussion Our data suggest that although immunochromatographic assay rapid tests may be a fast and profitable screening tool for SARS-CoV-2 infection, they may have a high false positive rate and low positive predictive value in pregnant women. Therefore, immunochromatographic assay for qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies must be verified by other test in pregnant patients.