bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass dependent corrections of the orbital period of a planet
Authors: Feoli Antonio , Benedetto Elmo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper has a didactic aim. Indeed, starting from the well-known principle of free fall discovered by Galileo Galilei, we want to make some reflections that we consider useful for secondary school students. Being the acceleration invariant with respect to Galilei’s transformations, it is useful to underline that the free fall in a gravitational field is independent of the mass of the body that falls only if the attractive mass is an inertial frame. In general, the corrections to the motion of a test particle falling in a gravitational field due to its mass can be easily calculated avoiding misinterpretations of Galileo’s principle. Moreover, it may be useful to observe that, in the case of periodic motions, these corrections increase with time and would lead, over the centuries, to not negligible effects.
STEM shells
Authors: Hughes Stephen , Alkhazraji Sultan , Zhang Xiangyu , Nadarajah Helen , Goodwin Candice Michelle , Leisemann Scott , Evason Chris , Potter Darryl 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Diffraction is an important phenomenon in physics. This paper describes using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to produce cross-sectional images of iridescent seashells. When seashell cross-sections are viewed in a SEM, regular structure is seen. Seashells are a good example of a biocomposite material and good natural objects for introducing students to composite materials.
Persistent-mode operation and magnetization behavior of a solid-nitrogen-cooled MgB2 small-scale test coil towards a tabletop 1.5-T osteoporosis MRI
Authors: Choi Yoonhyuck , Park Dongkeun , Li Yi , Tanaka Hiromi , Lee Wooseung , Bascuñán Juan , Iwasa Yukikazu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present results—cool-down, energization, and persistent-mode operation—of a solid-nitrogen (SN2)-cooled, magnesium diboride (MgB2) small-scale test coil. The test coil, immersed in a volume of solid nitrogen at 6 K, successfully operated in persistent-mode at 108 A for a period of 5 d. Although designated a ‘persistent-mode’ coil, its center field was measured to decay at a rate of <0.6 ppm h−1, which is still considered low enough to meet the temporal stability requirement of <0.1 ppm h−1, for most magnetic resonance imaging magnets. This decay rate translates to a calculated circuit resistance of <1.79 × 10–12 Ω, which is mainly from one MgB2-MgB2 joint in the circuit. However, when the coil temperature increased from 6 to 16 K, the field had dropped by 0.33%: we believe this was caused by the change of magnetization in the MgB2 superconductor, which in turn decreased a screening-current field (SCF) at the magnet center. We performed a finite element analysis with a simplified numerical model based on H formulation to verify whether magnetization-induced SCF is responsible for this 0.33% drop. Indeed, the model shows that the change of magnetization, i.e. screening-current reduction and current density redistribution, happens during temperature-cycle-induced Jc
(T) variation, and thus affects the center magnetic field. However, the Jc
(T) variation in the 2nd cycle had little effect on MgB2 magnetization and thus had negligible magnetic field change.
Visualization of non-linear convective Williamson liquid based on generalized heat-mass theories
Authors: Waqas M , Ahmad A , Asghar Z , Irfan M , Khan W A , Zubair M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This communication elaborates non-linear convection and heat sink/source effect in stretchable flow of Williamson fluid. Hydromagnetic laminar flow is examined. Heat-mass transport attributes are addressed via improved Fourier-Fick formulas. Conductivity and diffusivity of fluid depend on temperature and concentration. First-order chemical reaction aspect is also a part of current study. The concept of boundary-layer pioneered by Prandtl is utilized in order to simply the non-linear problems which are then reduced to the ordinary differential systems. Homotopy algorithm yields convergent outcomes of ordinary systems. A detailed analysis describing physical importance of pertinent variables is presented. Besides the obtained analytical outcomes are compared with the available numerical/exact outcomes and reasonable agreement is witnessed.
Coordination of Active and Reactive Power in Active Distribution Networks Based on Successive Linear Approximation
Authors: Wang Jinhui , Yuan Yue , Wu Han 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Active distribution network (ADN) is an important part of the future power market, which undertakes the mission of accommodating high penetration distributed generation. However, traditional dispatch mode of the distribution system cannot accommodate high-penetrated renewable energy. In this paper, a novel optimal scheduling model is developed to optimize the accommodation of distributed renewable energy by coordinating active and reactive power. The proposed model takes capacitor bank (CB), energy storage systems (ESS) and static var generator (SVG) as management devices, optimize the day-ahead dispatchable resources of active distribution system in a centralized manner. Different from second-order cone programming method that cannot cooperate with the maximum DG penetration objective, we apply the successive linear approximation method to transform the original non-convex and nonlinear optimal dispatch model with AC balance equation into a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model, so that the model can be solved efficiently and accurately by commercial optimization software. A real distribution system in Nantong is employed to verify the proposed model.
SNIPER Based Multi-Target and Multi-Scale Aerial Image Processing Method
Authors: Li Yaocheng , Zhang Weidong , Cai Yingming , Li Zhe , Jiang Xiuchen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The maintenance of power transmission system appeals automatic inspection system to replace manual inspection. Inspection based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) generates a huge number of photos to be processed. These aerial photos have several challenging features: high density, small, scale variation. In order to ameliorate the performance on detection of important objects as insulators and pin bolts, an efficient multi-scale training algorithm called SNIPER is introduced. SNIPER enhanced Faster RCNN was trained on a powerline dataset for object detection. SNIPER provides a good average precision and average recall on large objects like insulators and medium objects with adequate annotated instances like pin bolts and dampers. However, SNIPER fails to locate missing pin or displaced pin, possibly due to their similarity to pin bolts. Future development of a SNIPER-based cascaded detection scheme could help detect defected small objects.
Test Study on Performance of Endothermic Highly Hydrophobic Anti-Icing Materials
Authors: Peng Yongjing , Fang Zhen , Hu Jianping , Wang Bowen , Xie Pengkang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the solar spectrum selective endothermic coating with CoCuMnOx as the light absorbing pigment is prepared to absorb sunlight efficiently. After optimizing the thickness of the coating, the endothermic coating material with absorptivity of 0.928 and emissivity of 0.198 is obtained. The roughness value of the coating is 0.64 μm, which ensures that the coating has a higher sunlight absorption rate without the need for an antireflection layer. Icing flashover tests were carried out on insulators coated with endothermic highly hydrophobic anti-icing materials. The ice lightning voltage of ceramic insulators (3 pieces) was increased by 13.68%, and that of glass insulators (2 pieces) was increased by 22.96%. Compared with ceramic insulators, glass insulators coated with anti-icing materials have better protection effect.
Research on the Development Strategy of Platform-based Integrated Energy Service Providers in Power Internet of Things
Authors: Siwu Li , Bo Ruan , Yulin Yan , Zhu Chen , Fangmei Bie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Power IoT (Power Internet of Things) has brought new commercial ecosystem for the whole energy industry, and that will greatly influence the IES (integrated energy services) market. With the continuous exploitation of IES market space, the commercial value of IES market is being re-evaluated by various market subjects. As a growing number of emerging market entities are trying to enter IES market, the development and maturity of IES market will be significantly promoted, and further competition of IES market will be intensified. This paper analyzes the commercial ecosystem of the Power IoT, based on its core technology architecture and industrial chain and the intrinsic association between Power IoT and IES. This paper also analyzes the pattern of the integrated energy service market, classifies the main body of the integrated energy service market, studies different types of IES market competition and the evolution path of market development, and puts forward the ecological development strategy for the core platform enterprises in IES market.
Simulation Research on Transient Junction Temperature Characteristics of High Power IGBT
Authors: Yong Tang , Bo Wang , Hong Chen Yong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Because the characteristics of semiconductor materials are greatly affected by temperature, the working characteristics of semiconductor electronic devices also change greatly with the change of temperature. High-power power electronic devices will bear larger conduction current and blocking voltage when working, and the temperature rise and fluctuation range will be more significant when working. Especially in the special working mode of short-time rest pulse, the junction temperature inside the chip will rise sharply and fluctuate greatly. The commonly used method of detecting the bottom plate shell temperature by thermocouple and then calculating the steady-state junction temperature can no longer meet the demand. According to this situation, this paper first analyzes the principle of junction temperature fluctuation of high-power power electronic devices, and then establishes the equivalent heat transfer model from the device bottom plate to the internal chip by using the multi-node heat transfer network method. Finally, the transient change and fluctuation process of the chip junction temperature during short-time intermittent pulse operation are obtained through simulation analysis, and the accuracy of the model is also verified.
Optimal Planning Method for Distributed Wind/Solar/Battery Intergraded Microgrid
Authors: Quan Zhu , Jian Wei , Liqun Ren , Yuxu Jin , Dan Zhou , Jiayao Qian , Tianyu Jiang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The high cost and randomness of intermittent renewable energy make the planning, integration and operation of power system more and more complicated. Therefore, determining the appropriate resource scale and related energy storage is the key to the efficient, economic and reliable operation of power system. In this study, two constraint based iterative search algorithms are proposed to optimize the scale of wind turbine (WT), solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage system (BESS) in microgrid grid connected configuration. The first algorithm is called resource size algorithm to determine the optimal size of resources; the second algorithm is called battery scale algorithm to determine the optimal capacity of BESS. These algorithms are mainly based on two key elements: maximum reliability and minimum cost. In this method, all possible solutions are searched in a given search space to avoid over and too small. At the same time, the forced outage rate of PV and the utilization rate of WT and Bess are considered to make it more practical. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the method.
Infrared Detection and Thermoelectric Coupling Simulation Analysis of 220 kV Insulator Abnormal Heating
Authors: Zhang Pipei , Wang Peng , Wang Jiangwei , Shi Wei , Li Jie 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Heat and pollution flash caused by surface contamination are one of the common defects of insulators. If not discovered and eliminated in time, it will cause the deterioration of the insulator and seriously affect the service life of the insulator. If we can grasp the temperature distribution characteristics of the insulator in the state of contamination, the infrared temperature measurement can be used to quickly find and eliminate defects in a timely manner. This paper introduces a large area heating defect of porcelain post insulator and composite suspension insulator in 220kV equipment area, whose temperature distribution showed the rule of overheating at the high-voltage end and the temperature gradually decreasing toward the low-pressure end. Based on the field infrared temperature measurement and thermal image characteristics, it preliminarily analyzed that the heating was caused by insulator contamination and damp. Then, combined with pollution sampling, three-dimensional model establishment and thermoelectric coupling simulation calculation, the correctness of the above conclusions was verified, and preventive measures and suggestions were put forward.
FPGA-Based Real-Time Simulation for Multiple Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Tang Wenzuo , Li Zirun , Wang Yang , Zhang Chengke , Shao Li , Wang Keyou 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Combining the renewable energy system, the Energy Storage (ES) station can maintain stable power transfer between renewable energy systems and power grid. This paper works on real-time simulation for multiple energy storage systems under different operating modes. Then taking a large number of ES converters and power grid into account, a modified electromagnetic transient program (EMTP) algorithm is proposed which is fit for the field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based real-time simulation. By compressing the steps of the traditional EMTP algorithm, the simulation can be completed only by updating the history current source in each simulation cycle. In the meantime, the system is decoupled and multiple subsystems are simulated independently. Furthermore, to fully utilize the high parallelism of FPGA, we design and build a CPU-FPGA-based real-time simulation platform to implement the ES station. Using the simulation platform, we build a model of ES station and connect to the grid through an inverter. The whole system is tested in a single FPGA under different scenarios.
Configuration Optimization of Ultrasonic Descaling Device for Condenser Based on Solidworks-Fluent
Authors: Wang Min , Ge Xin , Wang Kedong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
As a key component of the open circulation cooling system, the condenser of the power plant is very prone to fouling. After the condenser cooling pipe is scaled, the heat transfer resistance increases, which reduces the heat transfer coefficient and heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange equipment, which is not conducive to improving the energy efficiency. Therefore, the research on condenser descaling technology has attracted widespread attention. Ultrasonic descaling is a new type of online descaling technology. Its application effect in descaling of condensers in power plants has been verified by actual engineering, but it lacks optimization of the arrangement and configuration of ultrasonic devices. In order to explore the influence of various ultrasonic parameters on the descaling effect, this paper builds a 3D geometric model of the condenser in Solidworks based on the relevant structural parameters of the N-20910 condenser, meshing the model reasonably and setting the boundary conditions. Then, in Fluent, the descaling effect is characterized by the pressure change curve of the specific position of the fluid in the condenser pipe. By setting three different ultrasonic inlet modes and different ultrasonic sound pressure functions, the effects of the quantity, power, frequency and distribution of ultrasonic descaler on the internal flow field and descaling effect of the condenser are compared and analyzed. The simulation results can provide effective help for the optimization and parameter setting of the ultrasonic descaling device of the power plant condenser.
Research on a Fundamental and Harmonic Detection Method Based on D-Q Rotating
Authors: Gong Jie , Xue Feng , Zhang Guangyi , Pan Wenhao , Wang Tingkang 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The widespread use of power electronics in power systems has led to increasingly serious power quality problems in power systems. Active power filters play an important role in governing the harmonics of power systems. The fast and accurate detection of fundamental and harmonic currents in power systems is one of the key aspects of power filters to manage harmonics. In this paper, a new detection method for the fundamental or the nth harmonic component of the fundamental by presetting the frequency of the d-q conversion matrix is proposed. Analysis of simulation results shows that the detection method is not affected by the voltage distortion or asymmetry of the three-phase circuit, and that the results for fundamental and harmonic detection. The ability to accurately reflect changes in frequency and amplitude excursions.
A Study on the Extraction Method of Partial Discharge Features in Gas Insulated Switchgear Based on Ultra-High Frequency Signal Envelope
Authors: Chen Xiaoxin , Zhao Lin , Wang Shaoan , Sun Xiang , Qian Ping 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Because the UHF detection method has the advantages of wide detection range and high sensitivity, it is of great significance for partial discharge detection and defect type identification in gas insulated electrical equipment. Therefore, this paper proposes a new type of partial discharge UHF signal pattern recognition algorithm, which can effectively identify the type of partial discharge defects. The low frequency signal modulated by high frequency signal is demodulated by Hilbert transform. This paper presents a method to extract the time domain characteristics of UHF signals emitted by gas insulated switchgears (GIS) partial discharge (PD). By using the Hilbert transform, the envelope of partial discharge signal can be obtained, and then the key points related to features in time domain can be obtained. The artificial insulation fault test platform is developed. Experimental data of three typical partial discharge signals are obtained, and the algorithm is analyzed and verified. The result shows that the method can recognize different types of PD well. So it is practical and effective.
Graphical Characteristics Analysis of PD Signals Phase Distributions of XLPE Cables
Authors: Lan Z J , Tian X Y , Wang Y P , Wu J L , Zhou Y W 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Aiming at analysing the graphical characteristics of PD signals of XLPE cables, this introduced the methods of constructing four graphs of phase distribution: ϕ-Q-N distribution map, maximum discharge quantity phase distribution HQmax(ϕ), the mean of discharge quantit phase distribution HQmean(ϕ) and the discharge frequency phase distribution HN(ϕ). An experimental platform in laboratory was established to acquiring PD signals of four typical insulation defects of XLPE cables. The results show that different insulation defects leads to the PD signals which have distinct graphical characteristics. Corona discharge and surface discharge are asymmetrical in phase distribution while suspended electrode discharge and internal air gap discharge are symmetrical. The amplitudes of corona discharge are concentrated while the amplitudes of surface discharge vary greatly. The amplitudes of internal air gap discharge in two half-cycle are almost the same level while the amplitudes of suspended electrode discharge in positive half-cycle exceed that in negative half-cycle. According to these characteristics, it can be inferred which type of discharge the PD signals belongs to.
Analysis of the effectiveness of active paper use by adding garlic extract in inhibiting bacterial growth
Authors: Hidayat S H , Syarifuddin A , Dirpan A 
Published: October 2020

AbstractActive paper is a component with antibacterial properties, often used as a microorganism resistance regulator, alongside ensure quality maintenance, and provide safety for packaged products. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to evaluate the effectiveness of active paper added with garlic extract in inhibiting bacterial growth. This involved the addition of 20% garlic extract, 30% tapioca starch (w / w), 100 mL of 1% acetic acid and chitosan powder into whatman paper pulp, followed by testing on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The results showed a zone of bacterial inhibition with respective diameter of 3.68 mm, 3.98 mm and 1.98. However, active paper alone does not possess these inhibitory properties.
Chemical characteristic and sensory of tempeh sausage on different soybean varieties and cooking methods variation
Authors: Syamsuri Riswita , Dewayani Wanti , Septianti Erina , Maintang  
Published: October 2020

AbstractTempeh sausage is the one of variative and interesting processed provide added value and extend the shelf life of tempeh. The purpose of the research is to determine the quality of tempeh sausages, especially chemical and sensory content produced from various soybean varieties and variation of cooking methods. The research had a Complete Random Design of the factorial pattern with 3 repeats. The first factor is tempeh from various of soybean varieties (Import, Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, Burangrang, and Grobogan), the second factor is the cooking method (steamed, boiled and oven). The observation parameters include: moisture content, ash content, fat level, protein level, and sensory/organoleptic test. The result was showed that varieties of treatment and cooking methods gave a real interaction effect on ash content, fat content and protein of tempeh sausage. Tempeh sausage was produced from imported soybean, has the lowest water content for the oven cooking method and sausage tempeh of soybean Anjasmoro with steamed method has the lowest ash content. Tempeh sausage produced from soybean Argomulyo has the highest fat content for steamed cooking methods and the highest protein for the oven cooking method. Based on sensory analysis, it is known that having the highest level of preference is tempeh sausage from Grobogan and steamed treatment with a moisture content of 56.25%, ash content is 0.97%, fat 17.38%, and protein 12.91%.
The influence of effective length and reduction factor to buckling on jacket brace
Authors: Saleh A Abd. Rahman , Juswan  , Alie Muhammad Zubair Muis 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The jacket is one of the fixed typical offshore structures consists of many braces located on not only deck legs but also the jacket its self. Those braces play an essential role in supporting the structure locally and globally from internal and external loads such as deck structure, current, and wave loads. The brace length has a significant influence on local buckling of the brace and will affect the global structure so that this influence should be checked. The objective of the present study is to analyze the influence of effective length and reduction factor to buckling of jacket brace, including the reduction factor according to API RP2A. The analysis is conducted using the analytical method, and the result is compared to the numerical method, including the behavior of jacket braces.