bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
موقف الشيخ محمود شاكر من الرمز والرمزية
Authors: اواب الدكتور الفت الله , عابد الدكتور عبد القاهر 
Published: December 2024

الرمز وسيلة إيحائية من أبرز وسائل التصوير الشعرية التي ابتدعها الأديب المعاصر عبر سعيه الدائب وراء اكتشاف وسائل تعبير لغوية، يثري بها لغته الشعرية والنثرية ويجعلها قادرة على الإيحاء بما يستعصي على التحديد والوصف من مشاعره وأحاسيسه، وهي قضية جوهرية من قضايا النقد الأدبي الحديث، وتعرض لها النقاد كثيرا بالبحث والدراسة من حيث القبول والرفض. من بين هؤلاء النقاد الذين لم يعجبوا باستخدام الأدباء والكتاب للرموز في أدبهم وكتاباتهم الأستاذ محمود شاكر الذي رفض استعمال الرمز فى اللغة ويعتقد بأنه نوع من الجبن اللغوي، وليس معنى ذلك أن يرفض الرمز رفضا تاما، بل يجعل له شروطا وقيودا تقيده وتحدده. كذلك استخدم شخصية ((دمنة)) للرمز بها، أو للدلالة على الخبث والشر، كما يرفض استخدام تعبير رجال الدين حملا على رجال الدين المسيحي، الذين يقصرون حياتهم على الطقوس الدينية وينقطعون للنظر في مسائلها، أما الرمزية كمنهج في الدراسات الحديثة فهذه لم يتعرض لها. أما المنهج المتبع في هذا المقال العلمي ومعالجة هذه القضية الساخنة هو المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي. وسيناقش المقال التالي بالتفصيل قضية الرمز والرمزية من وجهة نظر الأستاذ محمود محمد شاكر ورؤيته.
Corak Tafsir dalam Islam: Analisis Metode Tematik, Maudhu’i, dan Tahlili"
Authors: Naf Nafisah , Damayanti Eni , Naja Azka , Rahmawati Ana 
Published: December 2024

This article presents a comparative analysis of different methods and styles of interpreting the Qur'an. By comparing the works of classical and contemporary commentators, this article aims to reveal how each method provides different interpretations. The research method used is library research. Research results The development of methods for interpreting the Qur'an has occurred since the time of the Prophet Muhammad until now, influenced by the work of Western scientists which have been translated into Arabic. Shifts in the interpretation of the Koran were influenced by social changes in society, while Islam began to experience modernization in the 19th century. In Indonesia, Muslim scientists are also actively translating the Koran into Indonesian. There are various ways of interpreting the Koran that support understanding of the holy book. In conclusion, choosing the right interpretation method is very important to produce an interpretation of the Qur'an that is relevant to the social and cultural context and can provide solutions to the problems of the people.

Keywords: Method, Style, Interpretation

Artikel ini mempersembahkan analisis perbandingan tentang metode dan corak penafsiran Al-Qur'an yang berbeda. Dengan membandingkan karya-karya mufassir klasik dan kontemporer, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap bagaimana setiap metode memberikan penafsiran yang berbeda. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan (library research). Hasil penelitian Pengembangan metode penafsiran Al-Qur'an telah terjadi sejak zaman Nabi Muhammad hingga sekarang, dipengaruhi oleh karya ilmuwan Barat yang telah diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Arab. Pergeseran penafsiran Al-Qur'an dipengaruhi oleh perubahan sosial masyarakat, sementara Islam mulai mengalami modernisasi pada abad ke-19. Di Indonesia, para ilmuwan Muslim juga secara aktif menerjemahkan Al-Qur'an ke dalam bahasa Indonesia. Terdapat beragam cara penafsiran Al-Qur'an yang mendukung pemahaman terhadap kitab suci tersebut. Kesimpulannya, pemilihan metode tafsir yang tepat sangat penting untuk menghasilkan interpretasi Al-Qur’an yang relevan dengan konteks sosial dan budaya serta dapat memberikan Solusi bagi permasalahan umat.

Kata kunci: Metode, Corak, Tafsir
Caracterización de los Emprendimientos en la Provincia de Esmeraldas
Authors: Benites Cañizares Roxana I. 
Published: December 2024

El presente trabajo pretende, desde un enfoque descriptivo comparativo, revelar las características de desarrollo de los emprendimientos en la provincia de Esmeraldas, en el período comprendido entre septiembre 2015 y septiembre 2016. La muestra estuvo constituida por 300 emprendimientos urbanos y se evaluó el género, el nivel de escolaridad, el nivel de ingresos, el tipo de actividad y las dificultades que han enfrentado los emprendedores. Los resultados demuestran que el 66.87% de los emprendimientos estudiados son unipersonales y el 31.25% son asociativos, de los cuales el 64, 85% de los unipersonales están constituidos por mujeres y el 53.49% de los asociativos son de mujeres; el nivel de ingresos en el intervalo de 300 a 800 dólares se establece en el 38% para emprendimientos individuales y en el 40.43% para emprendimientos asociativos; en cuanto a las dificultades que enfrentan los emprendedores, se encontró que el 64% se encuentra con las problemas de acceso al crédito por falta de garantías. Se concluye que la mayor cantidad de emprendimientos son de subsistencia, liderados por mujeres, con bajos niveles de instrucción, mayoritariamente enfocados al servicio y comercio. Se detecta la latente necesidad de recursos para inversión y capital de trabajo. En otros niveles no menos importantes se enfatiza la falta de acceso a la tecnología y la asistencia técnica para temas como estudios de mercado y aspectos administrativos y financieros.Palabras clave: desarrollo económico; desarrollo local; administración de emprendimientos; emprendimiento. AbstractThe present work intends, from a comparative descriptive approach, to reveal the state of development of the productive enterprises in the province of Esmeraldas, in the period between September 2015 and September 2016. The sample consisted of 300 urban enterprises and the gender, the level of schooling, the level of income, the type of activity and the difficulties that the entrepreneurs have faced were evaluated. The results show that 64, 85% of the enterprises are composed of women and 53.49% of the associative enterprises belong to women. The income level in the range of $ 300- $ 800 USD is set at 38% for individual ventures and at 40.43% for associative ventures; With regards to the difficulties faced by entrepreneurs, it was found that 64% are faced with the difficulties of access to credit due to lack of guarantees. It is concluded that the majority of enterprises are subsistence enterprises, led by women, with low levels of education, mostly focused on service and trade. The latent need of resources for investment and working capital was found out. At other no less important levels, we emphasize the lack of access to technology and technical assistance for issues such as market research and administrative and financial aspects.Keywords: economic development; local development; administration of enterprises; entrepreneurship.
Estado Psicomotriz de Niños y Niñas del Cantón Jaramijó, en 2016
Authors: Segers Dorien J. , Bravo Loor Santos D. , Moreira López Tyron E. , García Revelo Fátima M. , Villafuerte Holguín Jhonny S. , Sacan Moreira Mercy T. , Barcia Carrillo Edison L. 
Published: December 2024

El desarrollo psicomotriz influye de forma relevante en el fortalecimiento de las habilidades básicas de aprendizaje como: lectura, escritura, ejecución de actividades artísticas y deportivas. En Ecuador, específicamente en la provincia Manabí, son escasas las investigaciones en este ámbito, lo que dificulta las posibilidades de su intervención exitosa. En este estudio descriptivo cuyo objetivo es determinar el índice y tipología de las alteraciones psicomotrices en niños y niñas el nivel básico elemental en tres escuelas fiscales de Jaramijó, se investigaron 569 niños y niñas en edades entre 5 y 8 años (media=6.5; dst=1.15). Se utilizó la Batería Psicomotriz de Víctor Da Fonseca, para medir el desempeño psicomotriz. En el análisis de los datos se utilizó la herramienta estadística SPSS versión 23.0; se detectó una alta incidencia de afecciones en la praxia fina, praxia global, estructuración espacio temporal, equilibrio, tonicidad y noción del cuerpo . Menor alteración se manifestó en la lateralidad. No existe alguna diferencia significativa entre niños y niñas en cuanto a la tipología o índice de alteraciones psicomotrices (t=.810; df=567; p=.418). Se concluye que existe un retraso importante en el desarrollo psicomotor en la población estudiada. Se requiere atención personalizada para estimular aquellas destrezas y prevenir patologías en edades más avanzadas. El déficit en servicios de salud preventiva, y el nivel deficitario de instrucción de los padres incide negativamente en los procesos de desarrollo integral en estas edades críticas.
Evaluación de Impacto del Emprendimiento Innovador en el Desarrollo Económico: Situación de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas
Authors: Zapata Barros Ángel E. , Ugando-Peñate Mikel 
Published: December 2024

Los recursos económicos disponibles para la producción son escasos; sin embargo, estos mismos recursos tienen usos alternativos en la medida que las ideas humanas son infinitas. En esta premisa descansa el concepto de innovación, por lo tanto, será un emprendedor innovador aquel que no solo busque la combinación eficiente de factores productivos, sino que también tenga como objetivo producir organizando los recursos económicos de formas diferentes. Desde una perspectiva macroeconómica, la economía ecuatoriana es primario exportadora, es decir sus ingresos dependen de actividades productivas con muy poco valor agregado, mientras que desde una perspectiva microeconómica su actividad productiva es escasamente innovadora; por lo tanto, los emprendimientos y las empresas hacen lo mismo (actividades primarias) de la misma manera (sin valor agregado). Evaluar qué tan innovadora es una economía implica estimar qué tan innovadora es su población (iniciativa creativa individual) para, a partir de este análisis particular, sacar conclusiones de carácter colectivo (provincia, ciudad, región) y de esta manera valorar las posibilidades de alcanzar el desarrollo económico, así como estimar la sostenibilidad de las actividades productivas (empresas). Con el propósito de evaluar el impacto de la innovación, se desarrolló este estudio en tres etapas (planificación, ejecución y presentación de resultados), que son una adaptación de los ocho pasos sugeridos por la metodología de evaluación de impacto de la Unión Europea 2006.
Dancing necessities
Authors: Ullerup Schmidt Cecilie , Bork-Petersen Franziska , Schnor Jonas , Vedel Karen 
Published: December 2024

Summary
Situating the vocabulary of infrastructure studies within the field of dance, theatre- and performance studies, the article provides a critical analysis of what has happened infrastructurally within the past 10 years in the Danish field of dance and choreography. Four aspects are taken into account: the landscape and economy of venues, the educational changes, an upsurge of self-organised spaces and cooperatives in the field, and finally the field of critique and self-archiving. Through an analysis across frames of production, presentation, and distribution, we suggest tendencies of how dance and choreography is currently moved by its material and immaterial infrastructures. The conclusion stresses how artistic self-organisation of both production platforms, festivals, and separatist collectives can be understood as infrastructural choreographies: artistic and self-maintaining ways of responding to institutional and educational instability, structural precarity, and normative representation in the Danish landscape of dance and choreography.

Resumé
Ved brug af et vokabular fra infrastrukturstudier i konteksten af dansevidenskab og teater- og performancestudier giver artiklen en kritisk analyse af, hvad der er sket infrastrukturelt i de seneste 10 år i det danske danse- og koreografifelt. Fire aspekter tages i betragtning: et landskab over scener og tilhørende økonomi, forandringer i de nationale uddannelser indenfor dans og koreografi, en fremkomst af selvorganiserede studios og kooperativer, og endelig betingelserne for kritik og arkivering af dans. Ved at analysere på tværs af rammer for produktion, præsentation og distribution, beskriver vi hvordan dans og koreografi i vores historiske samtid formes af feltets materielle og immaterielle infrastrukturer. Konklusionen foreslår, at kunstnerisk selvorganisering af både produktionsplatforme, festivaler og separatistiske kollektiver kan forstås som infrastrukturelle koreografier: kunstneriske og omsorgsdragende måder at reagere på institutionel og uddannelsesmæssig ustabilitet, strukturel prekaritet og normativ repræsentation i det danske felt for dans og koreografi.
Teaching-based Safety Training: Effects on Safety Performance in Niger Delta Oil and Gas Firms
Authors: Onofeghara Caleb O. , Nwaogazie Ify L. , Ugbebor John N. 
Published: December 2024

This study was carried out to determine the impact of teaching-style safety training on safety performance in selected oil and gas companies in Niger Delta, Nigeria. Safety performance was operationalized using safety compliance, safety participation and accident occurrence. The study adopted inferential research design. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to sample few companies from the population while Taro Yamane sample size formula was used to estimate 400 as sample size. Structured questionnaire, designed based on five-point Likert scale, was used for data collection. Regression and structural equation model were used for the data analyses. The results of regression and structural equation analyses revealed that teaching-based safety training has positive and significant impact on safety compliance (β = 0.263 p-value = 0.000 < 0.05) but positive and insignificant impact on safety participation and accident occurrence (β = 0.054 p-value = 0.534 > 0.05, β = 0.074 p-value = 0.371> 0.05, respectively). The results also revealed that only safety compliance has complete mediating effect in relationship between teaching-based safety training and accident occurrence. It was concluded that teaching-based safety training has partial impact on leading safety performance (safety compliance) but no significant impact on lagging safety performance (accident occurrence) and recommended that management of oil and gas firms should utilize complete safety training package for their workers to ensure sustainable level of safety performance.
Socioeconomic Determinants of Livelihood Dependence on Forestry Resources in Leh Himalaya, India
Authors: Khan F.A. Shah , Islam M.A. , Gatoo A.A. , Bhat G.M. , Parrey A.A. , Bakshi M.R. , Atta Ummar 
Published: December 2024

A comprehensive understanding of the underlying socioeconomic determinants is crucial for the implementation of forestry interventions in the Indian arid region, particularly in cold deserts. This study investigated the socioeconomic determinants of livelihood dependence on forestry resources in Leh Himalaya, India. Using a multi-stage random sampling technique, the data were gathered from 185 sample families selected from five blocks and nine chosen villages. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that out of the twelve socioeconomic determinants, ten factors, including education (0.536), social participation (0.604), family composition (0.592), size of land holding (0.554), housing status (0.688), possession of livestock (0.711), main occupation (0.521), wealth status (0.427), and annual income (0.570), exhibited a significant positive correlation with livelihoods based on forestry resources, while urban closeness (-0.678) demonstrated a significant negative correlation. The coefficient of determination (R2) of multiple regression analysis is 0.865, implying that all the socioeconomic variables jointly explained 86.50% of the variation in the forestry resource-based livelihood. The F value (92.12) indicated that the R2 is statistically significant (p < 0.05). Prioritizing socioeconomic upliftment and livelihood diversification through strengthening forestry interventions is an effective strategy for poverty alleviation for downtrodden people. The characterization of the socioeconomic determinants of forestry-based livelihoods for farmers will be the basis for the planning and implementation of forestry programmes for forestry resource production and livelihood diversification in the Leh district of Ladakh.
Meat Products
Authors: Toldrá Fidel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMeat products are an important part of human diet. Consumers' expectations have evolved over the years, and today, consumers not only expect flavorful and nutritional meat products, but they are also concerned with their safety and healthiness. For example, saturated fatty acids in red meat and the potential risk of nitrosamines generation in cured meats are among such concerns. In response to consumers' demands, manufacturers of meat products are developing new technologies and improving the existing ones.In this article, the ingredients and processing procedures of meat products, as well as technological approaches for reducing the fat and salt in meat products while keeping sensory perception, are discussed. Nutritional and health factors, and the safety of meat products, packaging, and labeling information to help consumers select products, are also mentioned.
Tar Sands
Authors: Speight James G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTar sand deposits are widely distributed throughout the world in a variety of countries, but many of the reserves of bitumen in tar sand formations are available only with some difficulty, and optional refinery methods are necessary for future conversion of these materials to liquid products, because of the substantial differences in character between conventional petroleum and bitumen.The potential reserves of hydrocarbon liquids that are available through conversion of the bitumen to synthetic crude oil have been variously estimated on a world basis to be in excess of three trillion (3 × 1012) barrels. However, geographical and geological features require new approaches to recovery and conversion.
Bleaching Agents in Consumer Goods: Fabric, Home, and Hair Care Applications
Authors: Ottavia Bianchetti Giulia , Antonio Quintieri , Jennifer Marsh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBleach is widely used in consumer goods for its ability to deliver cleaning, disinfection, stain removal and whiteness as well as for its ability to react with dye precursors to deliver different color shades in hair colorants. This article describes the evolution of bleach actives to date, their mechanism of action, their manufacturing as well as the fabric, home and hair care formulations and products that leverage bleach.
The RAD52 S346X variant reduces risk of developing breast cancer in carriers of pathogenic germline BRCA2 mutations
Authors: Adamson Aaron W. , Ding Yuan Chun , Mendez‐Dorantes Carlos , Bailis Adam M. , Stark Jeremy M. , Neuhausen Susan L. 
Published: March 2020

Women who carry pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 have a lifetime risk of developing breast cancer of up to 80%. However, risk estimates vary in part due to genetic modifiers. We investigated the association of the RAD52 S346X variant as a modifier of the risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2. The RAD52 S346X allele was associated with a reduced risk of developing breast cancer in BRCA2 carriers [per‐allele hazard ratio (HR) = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56–0.86; P = 0.0008] and to a lesser extent in BRCA1 carriers (per‐allele HR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.64–0.97, P = 0.02). We examined how this variant affected DNA repair. Using a reporter system that measures repair of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) by single‐strand annealing (SSA), expression of hRAD52 suppressed the loss of this repair in Rad52−/− mouse embryonic stem cells. When hRAD52 S346X was expressed in these cells, there was a significantly reduced frequency of SSA. Interestingly, expression of hRAD52 S346X also reduced the stimulation of SSA observed upon depletion of BRCA2, demonstrating the reciprocal roles for RAD52 and BRCA2 in the control of DSB repair by SSA. From an immunofluorescence analysis, we observed little nuclear localization of the mutant protein as compared to the wild‐type; it is likely that the reduced nuclear levels of RAD52 S346X explain the diminished DSB repair by SSA. Altogether, we identified a genetic modifier that protects against breast cancer in women who carry pathogenic mutations in BRCA2 (P = 0.0008) and to a lesser extent BRCA1 (P = 0.02). This RAD52 mutation causes a reduction in DSB repair by SSA, suggesting that defects in RAD52‐dependent DSB repair are linked to reduced tumor risk in BRCA2‐mutation carriers.
S
piribacter
Authors: Ventosa Antonio , León María José , Sánchez‐Porro Cristina 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Spi.ri.bac'ter. L. fem. n.
spira
a spiral; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
a rod; N.L. masc. n.
Spiribacter
spiral rod.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Chromatiales / Ectothiorhodospiraceae / Spiribacter

The genus
Spiribacter
is classified within the family
Ectothiorhodospiraceae
and the order
Chromatiales
, in the class
Gammaproteobacteria
. The cells are Gram‐stain‐negative, nonmotile, and curved‐to‐spiral shaped. Colonies are pink to yellow‐brown pigmented. Moderately halophilic, not able to grow in the absence of NaCl. Optimal growth at 10–15% (w/v) total salts. They are neutrophilic (optimal growth at pH 7.5–8.0). Optimal temperature for growth is 37°C. Strictly aerobic. Chemoorganotrophic. Utilize pyruvate or glycerol as carbon and energy sources. The DNA G + C content is between 60 and 66 mol%. Currently, the genus includes four species:
Spiribacter salinus
(type species of the genus),
Spiribacter aquaticus
,
Spiribacter curvatus
, and
Spiribacter roseus
. The strains of these species were isolated from marine salterns.

DNA G
+
C content (mol
%
)
: 60–66.

Type species
:
Spiribacter salinus
León et al. 2014, VL159.
Applying prospect theory to pilot weather‐related decision‐making: The impact of monetary and time considerations on risk taking behaviour
Authors: Walmsley Stephen , Gilbey Andrew 
Published: March 2020

SummaryOne of the key findings of prospect theory is that people tend to treat potential gains differently to potential losses. Consistent with earlier findings across a range of areas, pilots were risk averse when faced with an uncertain situation involving monetary gains and risk seeking when faced with a monetary loss. Prospect theory has largely been used to explore monetary decision‐making; however, “time” is potentially a more important consideration for pilots than money. For example, how much time can be flown with the current fuel onboard. It was found that pilots' decision behaviour changed when faced with a decision involving time, with pilots risk averse for both a time gain and a time loss situation. Pilots appeared to prefer to know precisely the time required for a journey, rather than take a gamble on a potential short cut. Evidence also suggests pilots were more likely to take risks in situations that they perceive they have more control over (e.g. air traffic delays) compared to dynamic weather‐related events. There was some evidence to suggest pilots do not consider a decision in terms of an end state, but rather in terms of losses and gains from their current state. The final part of the study found evidence that it may be possible to predict pilot risk taking behaviour using self‐report decision frames.