bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a longitudinal family stress model in a population‐based cohort
Authors: Gard Arianna M. , McLoyd Vonnie C. , Mitchell Colter , Hyde Luke W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe family stress model (FSM) is an influential family process model that posits that socioeconomic disadvantage impacts child outcomes via its effects on the parents. Existing evaluations of the FSM are constrained by limited measures of socioeconomic disadvantage, cross‐sectional research designs, and reliance on non‐population‐based samples. The current study tested the FSM in a subsample of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 2,918), a large population‐based study of children followed from birth through the age of nine. We employed a longitudinal framework and used measures of socioeconomic disadvantage beyond economic resources. Although the hypothesized FSM pathways were identified in the longitudinal model (e.g., economic pressure at the age of one was associated with maternal distress at the age of three, maternal distress at the age of three was associated with parenting behaviors at the age of five), the effects of socioeconomic disadvantage at childbirth on youth socioemotional outcomes at the age of nine did not operate through all of the hypothesized mediators. In longitudinal change models that accounted for the stability in constructs, multiple indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage at childbirth were indirectly associated with youth externalizing behaviors at the age of nine via either economic pressure at the age of one or changes in maternal warmth from ages 3 to 5. Greater economic pressure at the age of one, increases in maternal distress from ages 1 to 3, and decreases/increases in maternal warmth/harshness from ages 3 to 5 were also directly associated with increases in externalizing behaviors from ages 5 to 9. Results provide partial support for the FSM across the first decade of life.
Effect of durotomy in dogs with thoracolumbar disc herniation and without deep pain perception in the hind limbs
Authors: Takahashi Fumitaka , Honnami Ayaka , Toki Minae , Dosaka Ayako , Fujita Yukihiro , Hara Yasushi , Yamaguchi Shinya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of durotomy as an adjunct to surgical decompression in dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation (TL‐IVDH) and loss of deep pain perception (DPP) in the hind limbs.Study designRetrospective study.AnimalsDogs (n = 116) with TL‐IVDH and loss of DPP treated with hemilaminectomy.MethodsSignalment, surgical site, recovery rate, incidence of progressive myelomalacia (PMM), time elapsed from onset of paraplegia of the hind limbs to surgery (TPS), and the length of area of hyperintensity of the spinal cord on magnetic resonance T2‐weighted images compared with L2 vertebral body length (LHT2) were compared between dogs treated with hemilaminectomy alone and those treated with adjunct durotomy. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between outcomes and the external view of the spinal cord parenchyma after durotomy.ResultsThe percentage of dogs regaining ambulation was greater when durotomy was performed (56.9%) than when dogs were treated with hemilaminectomy alone (38.5%; P = .04). In the hemilaminectomy group, 14 dogs died of suspected PMM, while no PMM was detected in the durotomy group. Durotomy, breed, surgical site, and LHT2 influenced recovery. No association was detected between age, sex, body weight, and TPS and recovery.ConclusionPerforming a durotomy in combination with decompression improved the return to function and prevented PMM in our clinical setting.Clinical significanceSurgeons should consider durotomy in dogs with TL‐IVDH and loss of DPP in hind limbs to improve surgical outcome.
Influence of a cell salvage washing system and leukocyte reduction filtration on bacterial contamination of canine whole blood ex vivo
Authors: Hinson Whitney D. , Rogovskyy Artem S. , Lawhon Sara D. , Thieman Mankin Kelley M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the ability of cell salvage washing and leukoreduction filtration to remove bacterial contamination from canine whole blood.Study designEx vivo nested cohort study.Sample populationCommercially purchased fresh canine whole blood (n = 33 units).MethodsCommercially obtained canine whole blood was inoculated with known concentrations of one of three species of bacteria,Escherichia coli(ATCC 25922),Staphylococcus pseudintermedius(quality control strain; Texas A&M University), orPseudomonas aeruginosa(ATCC 27853). Negative controls were inoculated with sterile saline. The inoculated blood was processed through a cell salvage system and filtered through a series of two leukocyte reduction filters. Samples were aseptically collected at five points during processing (inoculum, prewash, postwash, post–first filtration, and post–second filtration) for bacterial enumeration.ResultsBacterial concentrations were reduced by 85.2%, 91.5%, and 93.9% forE coli, S pseudintermedius,andP aeruginosa, respectively, after washing (P < .0001), and bacterial concentrations were reduced by 99.9%, 100%, and 100%, respectively, after the first filtration (P < .0001). After the second filtration, none of the three species of bacteria could be isolated (100% reduction). No bacterial growth was obtained from negative controls throughout the study. The type of bacteria (P= .29) did not allow prediction of bacterial reduction.ConclusionCell salvage washing combined with leukoreduction filtration eliminated bacterial contamination of whole dog blood (P < .0001).Clinical significanceCell salvage washing and leukoreduction filtration could be applied to intraoperative autotransfusion in clinical animals, especially those treated for trauma or hemorrhage with concurrent bacterial contamination.
Automated Decomposition of Complex Parts for Manufacturing With Advanced Joining Processes
Authors: Massoni Brandon , Campbell Matthew I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAdvanced joining processes can be used to build-up complex parts from stock shapes, thereby reducing waste material. For high-cost metals, this can significantly reduce the manufacturing cost. Nevertheless, determining how to divide a complex part into subparts requires experience and currently takes hours for an engineer to evaluate alternative options. To tackle this issue, we present an artificial intelligence (AI) tree search to automatically decompose parts for advanced joining and generate minimum cost manufacturing plans. The AI makes use of a multi-fidelity optimization approach to balance exploration and exploitation. This approach is shown to provide good manufacturing feedback in less than 30 minutes and produce results that are competitive against experienced design engineers. Although the manufacturing plan models presented were developed specifically for linear and rotary friction welding, the primary algorithms are applicable to other advanced joining operations as well.
Feasibility of a Mitral Annuloplasty With the Capability for Peri- and Postoperative Adjustment
Authors: Brubert Jacob , Tsui Steven , De Sciscio Paul , Moggridge Geoff D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Surgical repair with implantation of a mitral annuloplasty ring is the gold standard treatment for mitral regurgitation. However, outcomes are variable and recurrent mitral regurgitation is not uncommon. A REshapeable Mitral Annuloplasty DevIce (REMADI) is proposed, which consists of a fully encapsulated low melting temperature alloy. The alloy is solid and rigid at body temperature and provides traction force to shape the annulus. When heated using a noncontact method, the alloy melts and the REMADI becomes malleable. The REMADI is engaged with the mitral valve annulus using anchors which automatically deploy upon contact. A passive beating porcine heart model was used to demonstrate the feasibility of the REMADI device, which was deployed, engaged, and used to reduce the diameter of the mitral valve annulus.
Erratum: “A Tomographic PIV Study and Comparison of Vortex Identification Methods on NACA 63-215 Hydrofoil Wake Structure” [ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference, Volume 4: Fluid Measurement and Instrumentation; Micro and Nano Fluid Dynamics, San Francisco, California, USA, July 28–August 1, 2019, Conference Sponsors: Fluids Engineering Division, ISBN: 978-0-7918-5907-0, Copyright © 2019 by ASME. Paper No. AJKFluids2019-5550, pp. V004T04A014; 12 pages; doi: 10.1115/AJKFluids2019-5550]
Authors: Ziazi Reza M. , Goudarzi Navid 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This erratum corrects errors that appeared in the paper “A Tomographic PIV Study and Comparison of Vortex Identification Methods on NACA 63-215 Hydrofoil Wake Structure” which was published in Proceedings of the ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference, Volume 4: Fluid Measurement and Instrumentation; Micro and Nano Fluid Dynamics, (V004T04A014), July–August 2019, AJKFluids2019-5550, doi: 10.1115/AJKFluids2019-5550.
Review and Assessment of Fuel Effects and Research Needs in Clean Diesel Technology
Authors: Schmidt David , Wong Victor W. , Green William H. , Weiss Malcolm A. , Heywood John B. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper reviews the current general understanding of fuel effects on combustion and emissions, fuel processing, and emission control technologies and assesses areas of opportunity in further research in clean diesel systems. The critical basic research areas identified focus on fundamental processes mat would develop a scientific knowledge base for the long-term development of clean diesel technology. The suggested approach, from a basic research perspective, will complement other pragmatic development programs in clean fuels production, application, engine and emission control technologies. Among areas suggested are: studies in developing basic data and modeling of fuel chemistry and emission mechanisms both in cylinder and during after-treatment, interactions of new fuel and engine technologies, gas-to-liquid fuel processing and utilization, and detailed particulate emission characterization and their health effects. The health effect benefits from clean fuels may be more than proportional to the reduction in mass emissions.
Heavy-Duty and Heavy Light-Duty Diesel Engine Exhaust Emission Comparisons With a Fischer-Tropsch and a Conventional Diesel Fuel
Authors: Fanick E. Robert , Schubert Paul F. , Russell Branch J. , Freerks Robert L. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study compared diesel exhaust emission for a low sulfur and a Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) diesel fuel. The comparison included regulated emissions, airtoxics, aldehydes/ketones, and greenhouse gas emissions. Testing was conducted using a Cummins B-Series engine installed in a heavy light-duty truck operating on a chassis dynamometer and on an engine dynamometer. The chassis driving cycles included city, highway, and aggressive driving operation. Engine dynamometer tests included the U.S. transient cycle. Results showed that the F-T diesel fuel substantially reduced emissions although the engine was not specifically tuned to take advantage of the unique characteristics of F-T diesel fuel.
Reduction of NOx Emission From Diesel Engines Using Cu-ZSM-5 Catalyst
Authors: Aoyagi Yoshiyuki , Kaneda Masahiro , Numahata Keisuke , Korematsu Koji , Tanaka Junya 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper effect of on reduction a Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst of nitrogen oxides is investigated in a diesel engine. This research focuses to solve a problem that there is not enough THC to reduce nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas from a diesel engine. When diesel oil is directly supplied into the exhaust gas, the THC concentration sharply rises and the NOx conversion rate increases. The maximum NOx conversion rate reaches to 63% when the flow rate of diesel oil is 30 ml/min at a catalyst temperature 450 °C. The NOx reduction with less sacrifice of the specific fuel consumption is possible when the fuel is supplied into the exhaust pipe.
An Experimental Analysis of EGR on Operational Stabilities of Diesel Engines
Authors: Zheng M. , Reader G. T. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
It has been recognized that high ratios of EGR are effective for in-cylinder NOx reduction, the mechanism of which has been largely attributed to thermal NOx reduction. However, engine operations also approach zones with higher instabilities when excessive EGR is used, usually accompanied with higher cycle-to-cycle variations. Although appropriate controlling strategies are capable to set up consistent EGR operations, any drifts in engine control will affect the originally optimized EGR when sufficient feedback control is not available. In reality, without sufficient EGR feedback control, the applicable EGR ratios need to be recessed from maximum allowable ratios in considering discrepancies of EGR control and influences of operating condition variations. An experimental investigation is provided in this paper to propose a method to evaluate the influences of EGR on such instabilities, in terms of independent effects of CO2 addition, O2 dilution, and N2 balancing, with simulated EGR. Extensive tests were conducted using a synthesized intake mixture testing facility. This paper is also a continuation of a cycle-to-cycle variation analysis on such operations reported previously by the authors (Zheng and Reader 1995). The analyses are aimed at identifying thresholds of stable operation with excessive high ratios of EGR whilst without subjecting to the consecutive cyclic disturbances associated actual EGR itself.
Properties of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engine With N-Butane Fuel
Authors: Iida Minoru , Hayashi Motoaki , Foster David E. , Martin Jay K. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In this paper, some basic properties of homogeneous charge compression ignition operation are investigated. The HCCI operating range for a CFR engine was determined with n-butane as fuel. The minimum and maximum load was determined using criteria of covariance of indicated mean effective pressure and the derivative of in-cylinder pressure respectively. Exhaust emissions, particularly hydrocarbons, were measured using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The concentration of intermediate hydrocarbon species rapidly decreased as the magnitude of the heat release increased. Hydrocarbon emission at the maximum HCCI load mainly consists of the fuel itself, which is probably emitted from colder areas in the combustion chamber. The relation between IMEPCOV and ISFC is discussed.
DNS of Non-Premixed Combustion in a Compressible Mixing Layer, Using Simple Chemistry
Authors: Bastiaans R. J. M. , Somers L. M. T. , de Lange H. C. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The non-premixed reaction of fuel with air in a mixing layer is studied using DNS. The situation is a model for the mixing-controlled combustion in a Diesel engine. In this paper we show that the combustion region can be relatively passive with respect to relatively large scale aerodynamic instabilities. However the reaction decreases the small scale turbulent energy.
Wear Assessment in a Biodiesel Fuelled Compression Ignition Engine
Authors: Agarwal Avinash Kumar , Bijwe Jayashree , Das L. M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Biodiesel is prepared using linseed oil and methanol by the process of transesterification. Use of linseed oil methyl ester (LOME) in compression ignition engine was found to develop a highly compatible engine-fuel system with low emission characteristics. Two similar engines were operated using optimum biodiesel blend and mineral diesel oil respectively. These were subjected to long-term endurance tests. Lubricating oil samples drawn from both engines after a fixed interval were subjected to elemental analysis. Quantification of various metal debris concentrations was done by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Wear metals were found to be about 30% lower for biodiesel-operated engine system. Lubricating oil samples were also subjected to ferrography indicating lower wear debris concentrations for biodiesel-operated engine.
The additional lubricating property of LOME present in the fuel resulted in lower wear and improved life of moving components in biodiesel-fuelled engine. However, this needed experimental verification and quantification. A series of experiments were thus conducted to compare the lubricity of various concentrations of LOME in biodiesel blends. Long duration tests were conducted using reciprocating motion in SRV optimol wear tester to evaluate the coefficient of friction, specific wear rates, etc. The extent of damage, coefficient of friction, and specific wear rates decreased with increase in the percentage of LOME in the biodiesel blend. Scanning Electron microscopy was conducted on the surfaces exposed to wear. The disc and pin using 20% biodiesel blend as lubricating oil showed lesser damage compared to the one subjected to diesel oil as lubricating fluid, confirming additional lubricity of biodiesel.
Comparison of Energetic Carbon Deposition Processes for Use As Ultra-Thin Disk Overcoats
Authors: White Richard L. , Yen Bing K. , Thiele Jan-Ulrich , Schneider Hans-Herman , Rogers James H. , Jacoby Bernd 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Three different processes, Plasma Enhanced CVD (PECVD), Ion Beam (IB), and Cathodic Arc (CA) have been used to deposit highly energetic carbon films in the 2–10 nm thickness range in commercial, high throughput disk manufacturing tools. The deposition conditions used are typical of those required for disk manufacturing. Raman spectroscopy, I-V measurements, nanoindentation, and AFM based scratch testing have been used to characterize the structural, electrical, and mechanical properties of the films. The measured maximum hardness for the PECVD and IBD films are 28 and 25 GPa, respectively, and found to be influenced by the hardness of the softer substrates for the 70–120nm films available for measurement. The scratch resistance of the CAC films is ∼2× the scratch resistance of the IBD films and 25% greater than the PECVD films. Addition of nitrogen to the films produced by both the PECVD and IB techniques reduces the hardness of the films. Both the Raman and I-V data suggest increasing concentrations of sp2 bonding result from these nitrogen additions.
Shock Test Modeling of a Hard Disk Drive Using Hypermesh and LS-Dyna
Authors: Jayson Eric M. , Murphy James , Smith Paul W. , Talke Frank E. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A finite element model of a hard disk drive (HDD) is developed for simulating shock testing and head slap. Individual components of the disk drive are modeled using Hypermesh, a commercially available mesh generator. The following components are modeled: the base plate, the impact surface, the actuator arm, the suspension arm, the head gimbal assembly (HGA) and the disk. The boundary conditions and contact surfaces are defined in Hypermesh [1] prior to importing them to the solver, LS-Dyna [2], for the transient finite element solution. The solution calculates displacement, velocity, acceleration and stress at every time step.
Randomised trial of azithromycin to eradicate Ureaplasma in preterm infants
Authors: Viscardi Rose Marie , Terrin Michael L , Magder Laurence S , Davis Natalie L , Dulkerian Susan J , Waites Ken B , Ambalavanan Namasivayam , Kaufman David A , Donohue Pamela , Tuttle Deborah J , Weitkamp Jorn-Hendrik , Hassan Hazem E , Eddington Natalie D 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo test whether azithromycin eradicates Ureaplasma from the respiratory tract in preterm infants.DesignProspective, phase IIb randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.SettingSeven level III–IV US, academic, neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).PatientsInfants 240–286 weeks’ gestation (stratified 240–266; 270–286 weeks) randomly assigned within 4 days following birth from July 2013 to August 2016.InterventionsIntravenous azithromycin 20 mg/kg or an equal volume of D5W (placebo) every 24 hours for 3 days.Main outcome measuresThe primary efficacy outcome was Ureaplasma-free survival. Secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality, Ureaplasma clearance, physiological bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age, comorbidities of prematurity and duration of respiratory support.ResultsOne hundred and twenty-one randomised participants (azithromycin: n=60; placebo: n=61) were included in the intent-to-treat analysis (mean gestational age 26.2±1.4 weeks). Forty-four of 121 participants (36%) were Ureaplasma positive (azithromycin: n=19; placebo: n=25). Ureaplasma-free survival was 55/60 (92% (95% CI 82% to 97%)) for azithromycin compared with 37/61 (61% (95% CI 48% to 73%)) for placebo. Mortality was similar comparing the two treatment groups (5/60 (8%) vs 6/61 (10%)). Azithromycin effectively eradicated Ureaplasma in all azithromycin-assigned colonised infants, but 21/25 (84%) Ureaplasma-colonised participants receiving placebo were culture positive at one or more follow-up timepoints. Most of the neonatal mortality and morbidity was concentrated in 21 infants with lower respiratory tract Ureaplasma colonisation. In a subgroup analysis, physiological BPD-free survival was 5/10 (50%) (95% CI 19% to 81%) among azithromycin-assigned infants with lower respiratory tract Ureaplasma colonisation versus 2/11 (18%) (95% CI 2% to 52%) in placebo-treated infants.ConclusionA 3-day azithromycin regimen effectively eradicated respiratory tract Ureaplasma colonisation in this study.Trial registration numberNCT01778634.
Low risk of necrotising enterocolitis in enterally fed neonates with critical heart disease: an observational study
Authors: Nordenström Kajsa , Lannering Katarina , Mellander Mats , Elfvin Anders 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the frequency of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in infants with critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) hypothesising that preoperative enteral feeding does not increase the risk of NEC.BackgroundWhen NEC affects term infants, underlying risk factors such as asphyxia, sepsis or CCHD are often found. Due to fear of NEC development in infants with CCHD great caution is practised in many countries to defer preoperative enteral feeding, but in Sweden this is routinely provided.Design, setting and patientsAn observational study of all infants born with CCHD who were admitted to Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital in Gothenburg between 2010 and 2017. The International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision diagnosis code of NEC was used to identify NEC cases in this group. Infants described as ‘fully fed’ or who were fed at least 45 mL/kg/day before cardiac surgery were identified.Main outcome measuresNEC in infants with CCHD in relation to preoperative enteral feeding.ResultsThere were 458 infants with CCHD admitted during the study period. 408/458 were born at term and 361/458 required prostaglandin E1 before surgery. In total, 444/458 infants (97%) were fully fed or fed at least 45 mL/kg daily before cardiac surgery. Four of 458 infants developed NEC (0.9%). All four had other risk factors for NEC.ConclusionsThis study showed a low risk of NEC in term infants fed enterally before cardiac surgery. We speculate that preoperative enteral feeding of neonates with CCHD does not increase the risk of NEC development.