bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast high-resolution metabolic imaging of acute stroke with 3D magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Li Yao , Wang Tianyao , Zhang Tianxiao , Lin Zengping , Li Yudu , Guo Rong , Zhao Yibo , Meng Ziyu , Liu Jun , Yu Xin , Liang Zhi-Pei , Nachev Parashkev 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Impaired oxygen and cellular metabolism is a hallmark of ischaemic injury in acute stroke. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) has long been recognized as a potentially powerful tool for non-invasive metabolic imaging. Nonetheless, long acquisition time, poor spatial resolution, and narrow coverage have limited its clinical application. Here we investigated the feasibility and potential clinical utility of rapid, high spatial resolution, near whole-brain 3D metabolic imaging based on a novel MRSI technology. In an 8-min scan, we simultaneously obtained 3D maps of N-acetylaspartate and lactate at a nominal spatial resolution of 2.0 × 3.0 × 3.0 mm3 with near whole-brain coverage from a cohort of 18 patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Serial structural and perfusion MRI was used to define detailed spatial maps of tissue-level outcomes against which high-resolution metabolic changes were evaluated. Within hypoperfused tissue, the lactate signal was higher in areas that ultimately infarcted compared with those that recovered (P &lt; 0.0001). Both lactate (P &lt; 0.0001) and N-acetylaspartate (P &lt; 0.001) differed between infarcted and other regions. Within the areas of diffusion-weighted abnormality, lactate was lower where recovery was observed compared with elsewhere (P &lt; 0.001). This feasibility study supports further investigation of fast high-resolution MRSI in acute stroke.
Diagnostic challenges in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
Authors: Eftimov Filip , Lucke Ilse M , Querol Luis A , Rajabally Yusuf A , Verhamme Camiel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) consists of a spectrum of autoimmune diseases of the peripheral nerves, causing weakness and sensory symptoms. Diagnosis often is challenging, because of the heterogeneous presentation and both mis- and underdiagnosis are common. Nerve conduction study (NCS) abnormalities suggestive of demyelination are mandatory to fulfil the diagnostic criteria. On the one hand, performance and interpretation of NCS can be difficult and none of these demyelinating findings are specific for CIDP. On the other hand, not all patients will be detected despite the relatively high sensitivity of NCS abnormalities. The electrodiagnostic criteria can be supplemented with additional diagnostic tests such as CSF examination, MRI, nerve biopsy, and somatosensory evoked potentials. However, the evidence for each of these additional diagnostic tests is limited. Studies are often small without the use of a clinically relevant control group. None of the findings are specific for CIDP, meaning that the results of the diagnostic tests should be carefully interpreted. In this update we will discuss the pitfalls in diagnosing CIDP and the value of newly introduced diagnostic tests such as nerve ultrasound and testing for autoantibodies, which are not yet part of the guidelines.
Cooperative participation of epigenomic and genomic alterations in the clinicopathological diversity of gastric adenocarcinomas: significance of cell adhesion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition-related signaling pathways
Authors: Yang Menghan , Arai Eri , Takahashi Yoriko , Totsuka Hirohiko , Chiku Suenori , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Katai Hitoshi , Sakamoto Hiromi , Yoshida Teruhiko , Kanai Yae 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The present study was conducted to clarify the cooperative significance of epigenomic and genomic abnormalities during gastric carcinogenesis. Using 21 samples of normal control gastric mucosa (C), 109 samples of non-cancerous gastric mucosa (N) and 105 samples of cancerous tissue (T) from 109 patients with primary gastric adenocarcinomas, genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was performed using Infinium assay. Among these samples, 66 paired N and corresponding T samples were subjected to whole-exome and single nucleotide polymorphism array analyses. As had been shown in our previous study, 109 patients were clustered clinicopathologically into least aggressive Cluster A (n = 20), most aggressive Cluster B1 (n = 20) and Cluster B2 (n = 69). Most DNA methylation alterations in each cluster had already occurred even in N samples compared with C samples, and DNA methylation alterations at the precancerous N stage were inherited by the established cancers themselves. Recurrent single nucleotide variants and insertions/deletions resulting in functional disruption of the proteins encoded by the ABCA10, BNC2, CDH1, CTNNB1, SMAD4 and VAV2 genes were specific to Cluster B1, whereas those of the APC, EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLH1 and MUC6 genes were specific to Cluster A. MetaCore pathway analysis revealed that the epigenomically affected TWIST1 gene and genomically affected CDH1, CTNNB1, MMP9, TLN2, ROCK1 and SMAD4 genes were accumulated in signaling pathways related to cell adhesion, cytoskeleton remodeling and epithelial–mesenchymal transition in Cluster B1. These data indicate that epigenomic alterations at the precancerous stage are important in gastric carcinogenesis and that epigenomic and genomic alterations cooperatively underlie the aggressiveness of gastric adenocarcinomas.
Better Olfactory Performance and Larger Olfactory Bulbs in a Mouse Model of Congenital Blindness
Authors: Touj Sara , Cloutier Samie , Jemâa Amel , Piché Mathieu , Bronchti Gilles , Al Aïn Syrina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt is well established that early blindness results in enhancement of the remaining nonvisual sensory modalities accompanied by functional and anatomical brain plasticity. While auditory and tactile functions have been largely investigated, the results regarding olfactory functions remained less explored and less consistent. In the present study, we investigated olfactory function in blind mice using 3 tests: the buried food test, the olfactory threshold test, and the olfactory performance test. The results indicated better performance of blind mice in the buried food test and odor performance test while there was no difference in the olfactory threshold test. Using histological measurements, we also investigated if there was anatomical plasticity in the olfactory bulbs (OB), the most salient site for olfactory processing. The results indicated a larger volume of the OB driven by larger glomerular and granular layers in blind mice compared with sighted mice. Structural plasticity in the OB may underlie the enhanced olfactory performance in blind mice.
Fatal Outcome of Chikungunya Virus Infection in Brazil
Authors: de Lima Shirlene Telmos Silva , de Souza William Marciel , Cavalcante John Washington , da Silva Candido Darlan , Fumagalli Marcilio Jorge , Carrera Jean-Paul , Simões Mello Leda Maria , De Carvalho Araújo Fernanda Montenegro , Cavalcante Ramalho Izabel Letícia , de Almeida Barreto Francisca Kalline , de Melo Braga Deborah Nunes , Simião Adriana Rocha , Miranda da Silva Mayara Jane , Alves Barbosa Oliveira Rhaquel de Morais , Lima Clayton Pereira Silva , de Sousa Lins Camila , Barata Rafael Ribeiro , Pereira Melo Marcelo Nunes , Caldas de Souza Michel Platini , Franco Luciano Monteiro , Fernandes Távora Fábio Rocha , Queiroz Lemos Daniele Rocha , de Alencar Carlos Henrique Morais , de Jesus Ronaldo , de Souza Fonseca Vagner , Dutra Leonardo Hermes , de Abreu André Luiz , Lima Araújo Emerson Luiz , Ribas Freitas André Ricardo , Vianez Júnior João Lídio da Silva Gonçalves , Pybus Oliver G , Figueiredo Luiz Tadeu Moraes , Faria Nuno Rodrigues , Nunes Márcio Roberto Teixeira , Cavalcanti Luciano Pamplona de Góes , Miyajima Fabio 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) emerged in the Americas in 2013 and has caused approximately 2.1 million cases and &gt;600 deaths. A retrospective investigation was undertaken to describe clinical, epidemiological, and viral genomic features associated with deaths caused by CHIKV in Ceará state, northeast Brazil.

Methods
Sera, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and tissue samples from 100 fatal cases with suspected arbovirus infection were tested for CHIKV, dengue virus (DENV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). Clinical, epidemiological, and death reports were obtained for patients with confirmed CHIKV infection. Logistic regression analysis was undertaken to identify independent factors associated with risk of death during CHIKV infection. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using whole genomes from a subset of cases.

Results
Sixty-eight fatal cases had CHIKV infection confirmed by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (52.9%), viral antigen (41.1%), and/or specific immunoglobulin M (63.2%). Co-detection of CHIKV with DENV was found in 22% of fatal cases, ZIKV in 2.9%, and DENV and ZIKV in 1.5%. A total of 39 CHIKV deaths presented with neurological signs and symptoms, and CHIKV-RNA was found in the CSF of 92.3% of these patients. Fatal outcomes were associated with irreversible multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Patients with diabetes appear to die at a higher frequency during the subacute phase. Genetic analysis showed circulation of 2 CHIKV East-Central-South African (ECSA) lineages in Ceará and revealed no unique virus genomic mutation associated with fatal outcome.

Conclusions
The investigation of the largest cross-sectional cohort of CHIKV deaths to date reveals that CHIKV-ECSA strains can cause death in individuals from both risk and nonrisk groups, including young adults.
Is Rifampin Use Associated With Better Outcome in Staphylococcal Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis? A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Le Bot Audrey , Lecomte Raphaël , Gazeau Pierre , Benezit François , Arvieux Cédric , Ansart Séverine , Boutoille David , Le Berre Rozenn , Chabanne Céline , Lesouhaitier Matthieu , Dejoies Loren , Flecher Erwan , Chapplain Jean-Marc , Tattevin Pierre , Revest Matthieu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
International guidelines recommend rifampin-based combinations for staphylococcal prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE). However, no robust clinical data support this recommendation, and rifampin tolerability is an issue. We aimed to evaluate the impact of rifampin for the treatment of staphylococcal PVE.

Methods
An observational retrospective cohort study of all adults with staphylococcal PVE (modified Duke criteria) was conducted in 3 referral centers for endocarditis, during years 2000–2018. Primary outcome measurement was 1-year mortality.

Results
We enrolled 180 patients with PVE due to Staphylococcus aureus (n = 114, 63.3%), or coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 66, 36.7%), on bioprosthesis (n = 111, 61.7%), mechanical valve (n = 67, 37.2%), or both (n = 2). There were 132 males (73.3%), and mean age was 70.4 ± 12.4 years. Valvular surgery was performed in 51/180 (28.3%) cases. Despite all isolates were susceptible to rifampin, only 101 (56.1%) were treated with rifampin, for a median duration of 33.0 days, whereas 79 (43.9%) received no rifampin. Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. One-year mortality was, respectively, 37.6% (38/101), and 31.6% (25/79), in patients treated with, or without, rifampin (P = .62). Relapse rates were 5.9% (6/101), and 8.9% (7/79), P = .65. Patients treated with rifampin had longer hospital length-of-stay: 42.3 ± 18.6 vs 31.3 ± 14.0 days (P &lt; .0001). On multivariate analysis, only cerebral emboli (odds ratio [OR] 2.95, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30–6.70, P = .009), definite endocarditis (OR 7.15, 95% CI, 1.47–34.77, P = .018), and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (OR 6.04, 95% CI, 1.34–27.26, P = .019), were associated with 1-year mortality.

Conclusions
A large proportion (43.9%) of staphylococcal PVE received no rifampin. One-year survival and relapse rates were similar in patients treated with or without rifampin.
Multi-inflammatory Syndrome in Children Related to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Spain
Authors: Moraleda Cinta , Serna-Pascual Miquel , Soriano-Arandes Antoni , Simó Silvia , Epalza Cristina , Santos Mar , Grasa Carlos , Rodríguez Maria , Soto Beatriz , Gallego Nerea , Ruiz Yolanda , Urretavizcaya-Martínez María , Pareja Marta , Sanz-Santaeufemia Francisco José , Fumadó Victoria , Lanaspa Miguel , Jordan Iolanda , Prieto Luis , Belda Sylvia , Toral-Vázquez Belén , Rincón Elena , Gil-Villanueva Nuria , Méndez-Echevarría Ana , Castillo-Serrano Ana , Rivière Jacques G , Soler-Palacín Pere , Rojo Pablo , Tagarro Alfredo ,   EPICO-AEP Working Group, del Valle Rut , Barrios Ana , Villanueva Sara , Contreras Jesús R , Gutiérrez Lourdes , Calvo Cristina , Molino Paula R , José Mellado María , de Ceano María , Penin María , Villaverde Serena , José Pérez María , Otheo Enrique , Dolores Falcón María , Neth Olaf , Olbrich Peter , Goycoechea Walter , Martín Laura , Isabel Iglesias María , Antonio Alonso Cadenas José , Herrero Blanca , Cobo Elvira , Tovizi Mariam , Galán Pilar , Guillén Sara , Navas Adriana , Luz García-García M , Llorente Marta , Pérez Sara , Figueroa Lucía , Bermejo Amanda , Mendoza Pablo , Sabrido Gema , José Hernández María , Belén Jiménez Ana , Berzosa Arantxa , Illán Marta , Bernardino María , Jensen Julia , Vidal Paula , Domínguez Sara , Gutiérrez Lourdes , Ocaña Angustias , Romero Isabel , Fernanda Guzmán María , Pascual M J , López Machín Ana , Ruiz Beatriz , Menasalvas Ana , Méndez María , Hurtado Ángela , Ara Fátima , Cabañas Fernando , Oltra Manuel , Villarroya Álvaro , Sánchez-Códez María , Montesinos Elena , Herranz Aguirre Mercedes , Rius Neus , Gómez Alba , Bretón Rafael , Rodríguez-Benjumea Margarita , Campos Ana , García Reymundo Mercedes 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Some clusters of children with a multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been reported. We describe the epidemiological and clinical features of children with MIS-C in Spain. MIS-C is a potentially severe condition that presents in children with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Postpandemic Testing of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in the Huanan Seafood Market Area in Wuhan, China
Authors: Li Jingwen , Wu Chengbi , Zhang Xing , Chen Lan , Wang Xinyi , Guan Xiuli , Li Jinghong , Lin Zhicheng , Xiong Nian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Seventy-six days after the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic was contained in Wuhan, the Chinese government carried out a citywide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleic acid testing initiative for all residents from 14 May to 1 June 2020. Our hospital tested 107 662 residents around Huanan seafood market, uncovering a positivity rate of 0.006%.
Importance of Lifetime Sexual History on the Prevalence of Genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Among Unvaccinated Adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys: Implications for Adult HPV Vaccination
Authors: Rositch Anne F , Patel Eshan U , Petersen Molly R , Quinn Thomas C , Gravitt Patti E , Tobian Aaron A R 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Although the United States Food and Drug Administration recently approved the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine for individuals aged 27–45 years, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention did not change its guidelines for routine HPV vaccination. Since recommendations for adult vaccination emphasize shared clinical decision-making based on risk of new infections, we examined the relationship between HPV prevalence and sexual behavior.

Methods
This study was conducted among 5093 HPV-unvaccinated, sexually experienced adults aged 18–59 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2013–2016). For each sex and age group, adjusted prevalences of 9-valent vaccine–specific, high-risk, and any HPV infection were estimated by number of lifetime sexual partners (LTSPs) using logistic regression. An analysis restricted to persons who did not have a new sexual partner in the past year (ie, removing those at highest risk of newly acquired HPV) was also conducted.

Results
In each age group, genital HPV prevalence was higher among persons with &gt;5 LTSPs compared with 1–5 LTSPs in both males and females. There were only slight reductions in HPV prevalence after removing participants who reported a new sexual partner in the past year. For example, among females aged 27–45 years with &gt;5 LTSPs, the adjusted prevalence of 9-valent vaccine–type HPV infection was 13.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.9%–17.0%) in the full population compared to 12.1% (95% CI, 8.8%–15.4%) among those with no new sexual partners.

Conclusions
Prevalent HPV infection was primarily reflective of cumulative exposures over time (higher LTSPs). New exposures had limited impact, emphasizing the need to consider sexual history in the decision-making process for adult HPV vaccination.
Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Transmission in Train Passengers: an Epidemiological and Modeling Study
Authors: Hu Maogui , Lin Hui , Wang Jinfeng , Xu Chengdong , Tatem Andrew J , Meng Bin , Zhang Xin , Liu Yifeng , Wang Pengda , Wu Guizhen , Xie Haiyong , Lai Shengjie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Train travel is a common mode of public transport across the globe; however, the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission among individual train passengers remains unclear.

Methods
We quantified the transmission risk of COVID-19 on high-speed train passengers using data from 2334 index patients and 72 093 close contacts who had co-travel times of 0–8 hours from 19 December 2019 through 6 March 2020 in China. We analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of COVID-19 transmission among train passengers to elucidate the associations between infection, spatial distance, and co-travel time.

Results
The attack rate in train passengers on seats within a distance of 3 rows and 5 columns of the index patient varied from 0 to 10.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.3%–19.0%), with a mean of 0.32% (95% CI, .29%–.37%). Passengers in seats on the same row (including the adjacent passengers to the index patient) as the index patient had an average attack rate of 1.5% (95% CI, 1.3%–1.8%), higher than that in other rows (0.14% [95% CI, .11%–.17%]), with a relative risk (RR) of 11.2 (95% CI, 8.6–14.6). Travelers adjacent to the index patient had the highest attack rate (3.5% [95% CI, 2.9%–4.3%]) of COVID-19 infection (RR, 18.0 [95% CI, 13.9–23.4]) among all seats. The attack rate decreased with increasing distance, but increased with increasing co-travel time. The attack rate increased on average by 0.15% (P = .005) per hour of co-travel; for passengers in adjacent seats, this increase was 1.3% (P = .008), the highest among all seats considered.

Conclusions
COVID-19 has a high transmission risk among train passengers, but this risk shows significant differences with co-travel time and seat location. During disease outbreaks, when traveling on public transportation in confined spaces such as trains, measures should be taken to reduce the risk of transmission, including increasing seat distance, reducing passenger density, and use of personal hygiene protection.
Ecospatiality: transforming Kerala’s post-flood ‘riskscapes’
Authors: Raman K Ravi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractKerala’s 2018 floods and landslides offer great lessons on risk governance and climate policies. The challenges in each phase of rescue, relief and rebuilding were addressed in this case study. Through the strategic use of ‘ecospatiality’, it is shown that the ‘state–society synergy’ does exist in its potentiality, although, by and large, it is ignored in already existing ‘riskscape’ scholarship. However, the context of this study proves to be an ideal site for illustrating the possibilities of actualising this latent potential through ecospatiality planning. Such attempts can, at the same time, be of local effectiveness and global significance.
How genomics reclassifies diseases: the case of Alport syndrome
Authors: Torra Roser , Furlano Monica , Ars Elisabet 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this issue, Matthews et al. provide a comprehensive review of published cohorts with heterozygous pathogenic variants in COL4A3 or COL4A4, documenting the wide spectrum of the disease. Due to the extreme phenotypes that patients with heterozygous pathogenic variants in COL4A3 or COL4A4 may show, the disease has been referred to in a variety of ways, including ‘autosomal dominant Alport syndrome’, ‘thin basement membrane disease’, ‘thin basement membrane nephropathy’, ‘familial benign hematuria’ and ‘carriers of autosomal dominant Alport syndrome’. This confusion over terminology has prevented nephrologists from being sufficiently aware of the relevance of the entity. Nowadays, however, next-generation sequencing facilitates the diagnosis and it is becoming a relatively frequent finding in haematuric–proteinuric nephropathies of unknown origin, even in non-familial cases. There is a need to raise awareness among nephrologists about the disease in order to improve diagnosis and provide better management for these patients.
Work-Efficient Parallel Non-Maximum Suppression Kernels
Authors: Oro David , Fernández Carles , Martorell Xavier , Hernando Javier 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In the context of object detection, sliding-window classifiers and single-shot convolutional neural network (CNN) meta-architectures typically yield multiple overlapping candidate windows with similar high scores around the true location of a particular object. Non-maximum suppression (NMS) is the process of selecting a single representative candidate within this cluster of detections, so as to obtain a unique detection per object appearing on a given picture. In this paper, we present a highly scalable NMS algorithm for embedded graphics processing unit (GPU) architectures that is designed from scratch to handle workloads featuring thousands of simultaneous detections on a given picture. Our kernels are directly applicable to other sequential NMS algorithms such as FeatureNMS, Soft-NMS or AdaptiveNMS that share the inner workings of the classic greedy NMS method. The obtained performance results show that our parallel NMS algorithm is capable of clustering 1024 simultaneous detected objects per frame in roughly 1 ms on both Tegra X1 and Tegra X2 on-die GPUs, while taking 2 ms on Tegra K1. Furthermore, our proposed parallel greedy NMS algorithm yields a 14–40x speed up when compared to state-of-the-art NMS methods that require learning a CNN from annotated data.