bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Course of oesophageal varices and performance of noninvasive predictors following Hepatitis C Virus clearance in compensated advanced chronic liver disease
Authors: Giannini Edoardo G. , De Maria Costanza , Crespi Mattia , Demarzo Maria Giulia , Fazio Valentina , Grasso Alessandro , Torre Francesco , Bodini Giorgia , Marabotto Elisa , Furnari Manuele 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD), there is evidence that sustained virological response (SVR) to direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) may ameliorate portal hypertension, although both the course of oesophageal varices and the performance of their noninvasive predictors following DAA‐induced SVR are less defined. In this study, our aim was to assess the variation in oesophageal varices status in HCV patients with cACLD who obtained an SVR to DAAs and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of noninvasive predictors of varices after HCV cure.Material and methodsSixty‐three HCV patients with cACLD and SVR to DAAs were prospectively followed up, and oesophageal varices surveillance was carried out according to the Baveno VI indications. Appearance and disappearance of varices, accuracy performance of their noninvasive predictors (Baveno/expanded Baveno VI criteria, platelet count/spleen diameter ratio) and number of endoscopies spared with their application were calculated.ResultsFollowing SVR, varices developed or disappeared in 12.1% and 17.4% of patients, respectively. The negative predictive value for varices of the Baveno VI, expanded Baveno VI criteria and platelet count/spleen diameter ratio following SVR was 88.2% (65.6‐96.7), 83.3% (66.3‐92.7) and 80.7% (67.1‐89.5), respectively. Their application would have saved 30.4%, 42.9% and 55.4% of endoscopies, with no varices needing treatment missed using both Baveno VI criteria.ConclusionsIn HCV patients with cACLD, following SVR to DAA, the expanded Baveno VI criteria provide the best balance between utility (diagnostic accuracy and endoscopies avoided) and safety (varices needing treatment missed) for varices surveillance.
Establishment of the novel bivalve body plan through modification of early developmental events in mollusks
Authors: Wada Hiroshi , Phuangphong Supanat , Hashimoto Naoki , Nagai Kiyohito 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMollusks have a wide variety of body plans, which develop through conserved early embryogenesis, namely spiral embryonic development and trochophore larvae. Although the comparative study of mollusks has attracted the interest of evolutionary developmental biology researchers, less attention has been paid to bivalves. In this review, we focused on the evolutionary process from single‐shell ancestors to bivalves, which possess bilaterally separated shells. Our study tracing the lineage of shell field cells in bivalves did not support the old hypothesis that shell plate morphology is due to modification of the spiral cleavage pattern. Rather, we suggest that modification of the shell field induction process is the key to understanding the evolution of shell morphology. The novel body plan of bivalves cannot be established solely via separating shell plates, but rather requires the formation of additional organs, such as adductor muscles. The evolutionary biology of bivalves offers a unique view on how multiple organs evolve in a coordinated manner to establish a novel body plan.
The making of the defensive caste: Physiology, development, and evolution of the soldier differentiation in termites
Authors: Miura Toru , Maekawa Kiyoto 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTermites (Blattodea, Termitoidea, or Isoptera) constitute one of the major lineages of eusocial insects. In termite societies, multiple types of functional individuals, that is, castes, perform divisions of labors to coordinate social behaviors. Among other castes, the soldier caste is distinctive since it is sterile and exclusively specialized into defensive behavior with largely modified morphological features. Therefore, many of the previous studies have been focused on soldiers, in terms of ecology, behavior, and evolution as well as developmental and physiological mechanisms. This article overviews the accumulation of studies especially focusing on the developmental and physiological mechanisms underlying the soldier differentiation in termites. Furthermore, the evolutionary trajectories that have led the acquisition of soldier caste and have diversified the soldier characteristics in association with the social evolution are discussed.
Joint Physical Custody and Adolescents’ Life Satisfaction in 37 North American and European Countries
Authors: Steinbach Anja , Augustijn Lara , Corkadi Gerrit 
Published: April 2020

Joint physical custody, a parental care arrangement in which a child lives with each parent about equally after separation or divorce, is an increasingly common phenomenon in many Western countries. Although attention from family scholars, practitioners, and law professionals is growing, there are hardly any numbers on the prevalence of joint physical custody (JPC). Moreover, studies using large‐scale representative data on the effects of JPC for children’s well‐being are still rare. The data for this study come from Health Behaviour in School‐Aged Children (HBSC), a representative cross‐national survey of adolescents in 37 European and North American countries that was conducted in 2002, 2006, and 2010 and included information on students at the ages of 11, 13, and 15 years (N = 92,886). First, results revealed that symmetrical JPC after family dissolution is still very rare in the majority of countries (5% or less), but reaches 10–20% in some countries. Second, adolescents’ life satisfaction in nonintact families is higher in symmetric JPC arrangements than in asymmetric care arrangements. However, after controlling for children and family characteristics, the differences disappear. Thus, it is not the symmetric JPC arrangement that induces adolescents’ higher life satisfaction, but rather the children and family characteristics that are associated with the choice of such a custody arrangement by separated or divorced parents.
Mechanical and fracture properties of aluminium cylinders manufactured by orbital friction stir welding
Authors: Aliha M.R.M. , Ghoreishi S.M.N. , Imani D.M. , Fotoohi Y. , Berto F. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractButt welding of AA6063 aluminium cylindrical shells was performed using the orbital friction stir welding (FSW) method. Tool rotation speed and orbital speed (i.e., traverse speed of rotating cylinder during welding) were considered as variable, and the strength and the mechanical properties including tensile strength, microhardness, mode I fracture energy and mode I crack growth behaviour of manufactured cylinders were investigated experimentally. A novel and subsized test specimen was designed and manufactured for fracture testing of specimens extracted from both base metal and weld zone region of cylinders. The initial precrack was introduced along (i) the tool penetration through the pipe thickness (i.e., T‐direction) and (ii) along the tool travelling direction (i.e., L‐direction). It was found that the crack growth resistance and fracture energy values of FSW samples are greater than the corresponding values of base aluminium material along both “L”‐ and “T”‐directions. Also, the fracture resistance value in T‐direction was higher than the L‐direction for the whole tested FSW samples with different welding speeds.
Influence of fishes on macroinvertebrate communities and insect emergence production in intermittent stream refuges
Authors: Bonjour Sophia M. , Whiles Matt R. , Gido Keith B. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Drying intermittent stream networks often have permanent water refuges that are important for recolonisation. These habitats may be hotspots for interactions between fishes and invertebrates as they become isolated, but densities and diversity of fishes in these refuges can be highly variable across time and space.

Insect emergence from streams provides energy and nutrient subsidies to riparian habitats. The magnitude of such subsidies may be influenced by in‐stream predators such as fishes.

We examined whether benthic macroinvertebrate communities, emerging adult insects, and algal biomass in permanent grassland stream pools differed among sites with naturally varying densities of fishes. We also manipulated fish densities in a mesocosm experiment to address how fishes might affect colonisation during recovery from hydrologic disturbance.

Fish biomass had a negative impact on invertebrate abundance, but not biomass or taxa richness, in natural pools. Total fish biomass was not correlated with total insect emergence in natural pools, but orangethroat darter (Etheostoma spectabile) biomass was inversely correlated with emerging Chironomidae biomass and individual midge body size. The interaction in our models between predatory fish biomass and date suggested that fishes may also delay insect emergence from natural pools, altering the timing of aquatic–terrestrial subsidies.

There was an increase over time in algal biomass (chlorophyll‐a) in mesocosms, but this did not differ among fish density treatments. Regardless, fish presence in mesocosms reduced the abundance of colonising insects and total invertebrate biomass. Mesocosm invertebrate communities in treatments without fishes were characterised by more Chironomidae, Culicidae, and Corduliidae.

Results suggest that fishes influence invertebrates in habitats that represent important refuges during hydrologic disturbance, hot spots for subsidy exports to riparian food webs, and source areas for colonists during recovery from hydrologic disturbance. Fish effects in these systems include decreasing invertebrate abundance, shifting community structure, and altering patterns of invertebrate emergence and colonisation.
Cyclopoids feed selectively on free‐living stages of parasites
Authors: Mironova Ekaterina , Gopko Mikhail , Pasternak Anna , Mikheev Viktor , Taskinen Jouni 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Many aquatic organisms can consume parasite larvae, thus hampering parasite transmission; however, information about feeding on them in the presence of an alternative prey remains scarce. When having a food choice, predators may decrease parasite consumption, therefore, it is important to assess the role of parasites in the diet of predators in natural communities with different types of prey available. Our study aims to test whether common freshwater cyclopoids feed on trematode free‐living stages (cercariae) when an alternative food source is present.

We experimentally studied ingestion rates of cyclopoids Macrocyclops distinctus fed with cercariae of trematode Diplostomum pseudospathaceum, a common and harmful parasite of freshwater fishes, and ciliates Paramecium caudatum (an alternative prey, known as suitable food for copepods). First, the feeding response of cyclopoids to different densities of each prey was studied. Then, feeding selectivity in the mixtures of cercariae and ciliates was tested.

Feeding rates of cyclopoids increased with prey densities (both ciliates and cercariae) but almost stopped growing at high prey densities, which indicated saturation (Holling type II functional response). In most cases, cyclopoids consumed cercariae at higher rates than ciliates. Maximum ingestion rates estimated from the obtained curves were 37 cercariae ind−1 hr−1 and 17 ciliate ind−1 hr−1.

When exposed to prey mixtures, cyclopoids fed on cercariae selectively. When cercariae were offered to cyclopoids at concentrations exceeding the saturation level, the ingestion of ciliates remained constantly low at all ciliate densities. In contrast, the ingestion of cercariae increased with rising cercariae densities even when ciliates were presented ad libitum, decreasing only at very high prey densities. Possible reasons of such feeding preferences are discussed.

Our study demonstrated that cyclopoids may prefer to feed on cercariae when there is an alternative food choice and can ingest cercariae at high rates. These experimental results could be extended to natural communities, suggesting that cyclopoids can reduce the transmission of parasites and contribute to the incorporation of parasite production in food webs of lentic ecosystems.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Extracted Groundwater Volumes Estimated from Electricity Consumption
Authors: Chu Hone‐Jay , Lin Cheng‐Wei , Burbey Thomas J. , Ali Muhammad Zeeshan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLand subsidence caused by groundwater overexploitation is a serious global problem. The acquisition of spatiotemporal pumping rates and volumes is a first step for water managers to develop a strategic plan for mitigating land subsidence. This study investigates an empirical formulation to estimate the monthly maximum pumped volume over a 10‐year period based on electric power consumption data. A spatiotemporal variability analysis of monthly pumped volume is developed to provide an improved understanding of seasonal pumping patterns and the role of irrigation type. The analysis of regional pumped volume provides an approximation of the spatiotemporal patterns of the variations in pumped volume. Results show the effects of climate, seasonal changes in pumping from irrigation, and the local differences in pumping caused to crop types. A seasonal pumped volume peak occurs annually, with the highest and least pumped volumes occurring in March (highest peak) and September (lowest peak), respectively. However, the majority of the historical maximum pumped volumes have occurred during the last few years. Extracted volumes continue to increase in some locations. The analysis reveals increasing trends in pumping, thereby possibly providing the locations where increased effective stresses may lead to land subsidence.
Turoctocog alfa pegol provides effective management for major and minor surgical procedures in patients across all age groups with severe haemophilia A: Full data set from the pathfinder 3 and 5 phase III trials
Authors: Tosetto Alberto , Neff Anne , Lentz Steven R. , Santagostino Elena , Nemes Laszlo , Sathar Jameela , Meijer Karina , Chowdary Pratima , Shen Chunduo , Landorph Andrea , Hampton Kingsley 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionTuroctocog alfa pegol is a glycoPEGylated recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) with an extended half‐life developed for prophylaxis, treatment of bleeds and perioperative management in patients with haemophilia A.AimEvaluate the efficacy and safety of turoctocog alfa pegol treatment for major and minor surgeries in the pathfinder 3 and 5 phase III trials.MethodsAdults/adolescents aged ≥12 years with severe haemophilia A (FVIII <1%) received perioperative turoctocog alfa pegol treatment planned to achieve FVIII activity levels >80% during major surgery (pathfinder 3). The primary end point was haemostatic efficacy during surgery; secondary end points were blood loss, haemostatic effect postsurgery, consumption, transfusions, safety and health economics. Children (0‐11 years) undergoing minor surgeries received 20‐75 IU/kg turoctocog alfa pegol at Investigator's discretion (pathfinder 5).Resultspathfinder 3 included 35 patients undergoing 49 major surgeries. Haemostasis was successful in 47/49 (95.9%) surgeries; two had moderate haemostatic responses. Median (mean) blood loss during major surgery was 75 (322.6) mL. Four bleeds were reported postsurgery; three were successfully treated with turoctocog alfa pegol (one was not evaluated). On the day of surgery, overall mean (median) dose was 75.5 (74.5) IU/kg and mean (median) number of doses was 1.7 (2.0). Five procedures required 11 transfusions on the day of surgery or days 1‐6. No safety concerns or inhibitors were identified. Forty‐five minor surgeries in 23 children were performed without complications.ConclusionTuroctocog alfa pegol was effective for perioperative haemostatic management of major and minor surgeries in patients across age groups with severe haemophilia A.
Long‐term analysis of the benefit of prophylaxis for adult patients with severe or moderate haemophilia A
Authors: Miesbach Wolfgang , Kittler Sabine , Bauhofer Artur , Königs Christoph , Becker Thomas , Nemes László , Staus Alexander , Schüttrumpf Jörg 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionProphylaxis with factor VIII (FVIII) concentrates in children with haemophilia A (HA) is current standard of care. The benefit of prophylactic treatment for adult HA patients is not commonly accepted.AimTo investigate the benefit of prophylaxis over on‐demand treatment in adult and elderly patients with severe or non‐severe HA in a real‐life setting.MethodsData from 163 patients comprising 1202 patient‐years were evaluated for 7.5 (±5.3) years. The effects on the annual bleeding rate (ABR, including spontaneous and traumatic bleeds) of treatment with a plasma‐derived FVIII concentrate, the patient's age and disease severity were investigated. The effect of changing the treatment from on demand to continuous prophylaxis on the patients’ ABRs was further analysed.ResultsProphylaxis had the greatest effect on the ABRs of patients of any age with severe or non‐severe HA. The difference in ABR of all patients treated on demand (median 31.4; interquartile range (IQR) 27.6; N = 83) compared with those treated prophylactically (median 1.3; IQR 3.6; N = 122) was statistically significant (P < .05), even for patients with non‐severe HA (median 8.4; IQR 15.5; N = 11) vs median 1.5; IQR 4.2 (N = 17), P < .05). Patients, aged up to 88 years, switching from on demand to continuous prophylaxis showed the lowest median ABR (1.1; N = 51) after their regimen change.ConclusionAny (even low‐frequency) prophylaxis results in lower ABR than on‐demand treatment. Patients switching to prophylaxis benefitted the most, irrespective of age or HA severity. Prophylactic treatment—even tertiary—is the regimen of choice for patients of any age, including elderly patients, with severe or non‐severe HA.
Osmophobia and Odor‐Triggered Headaches in Children and Adolescents: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Importance in the Diagnosis of Migraine
Authors: Albanês Oliveira Bernardo Albérico , Lys Medeiros Fabiola , Sampaio Rocha‐Filho Pedro Augusto 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveThe objectives of this study are to study osmophobia and odor‐triggered headaches among headache pediatric patients.BackgroundAchieving the correct diagnosis for headaches in younger children can be challenging. The presence of osmophobia could constitute a helpful piece of information for making the correct diagnosis of headaches among adults.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study. Children and adolescents with headaches who were seen consecutively at a pediatric outpatient service and had at least 1 headache attack over the previous 12 months were included. We used a semi‐structured questionnaire, Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment, State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Children’s Depression Inventory.ResultsAbout 300 patients were included; 253 had migraine, 47 had a tension‐type headache; 137 had osmophobia during headaches (135 were migraineurs). “Osmophobia during headaches” for diagnosing migraine: Sensitivity: 54.4% (95% CI: 48.2%‐60.5%); specificity: 95.8% (95% CI: 85.8%‐98.8%); positive predictive value (PPV): 98.5% (95% CI: 94.8%‐99.6%); negative predictive value (NPV): 28.5% (95% CI: 22.0%‐36.0%). Osmophobia was associated with higher intensity (OR: 2.90; 95% CI: 1.63, 5.15; P < .001) and duration of the headache (OR: 5.73; 95% CI: 2.29, 14.3; P < .001) and with vomiting (OR: 3.56; 95% CI: 1.83, 6.96; P < .001) (logistic regression). There were 62 patients (all of them migraineurs) with odor‐triggered headaches: sensitivity for diagnosing migraine: 24.9% (95% CI: 19.9%‐30.6%); specificity: 100% (95% CI: 92.4%‐100%), PPV: 100% (95% CI: 94.8%‐100%), NPV: 20% (95% CI: 16%‐26.0%). Odor‐triggered headaches were associated with higher intensity (OR: 3.47; 95% CI: 1.64, 7.35; P = .001) and duration of the headache (OR: 3.28; 95% CI: 1.37, 7.86; P = .001), vomiting (OR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.19, 4.74; P = .014), and phonophobia (OR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.08, 5.32; P = .031) (logistic regression). Osmophobia was associated with higher‐impact migraine (OR: 4.65; 95% CI: 1.30, 16.6; P = .018) and emergency care (OR: 4.65; 95% CI: 1.81, 12.0; P = .001) (logistic regression).ConclusionsOsmophobia and odors as triggers for headaches are useful in diagnosing migraine and are markers for the severity of migraine in the pediatric population.
Cold‐batter mincing of hot‐boned and crust‐freeze‐air‐chilled ham muscle reduced fat content in protein gels
Authors: Lee Hong Chul , Wonderly Morgan P. , Pokharel Siroj , Strasburg Gale M. , Marks Bradley P. , Fernando Raymond H. , Kang Iksoon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to generate low‐fat hot dog using a combination of hot‐boning/crust‐freeze‐air‐chilling (HB‐CFAC) and cold‐batter mincing technologies. After slaughter, pork hams were subjected to hot boning (HB)/CFACor chill‐boning (CB)/CFAC prior to 9 min mincing including 3 min pre‐mincing. Control gels were prepared with ham, back fat and common ingredients while low‐fat gels were prepared with ham, water and common ingredients. The pH values of HB muscle and cooked gels were significantly higher than those of CB muscle and cooked gels. The fat and moisture contents of control gels were higher and lower, respectively, than those of low‐fat gels, regardless of HB or CB. The protein functionality and gel‐forming ability of HB muscle were superior to those of the CB muscle. These results indicate that fat can be reduced with no textural quality loss when HB‐CFAC muscle was cold‐batter minced presumably due to improved protein functionality and gel‐forming ability.
Gliadin/amidated pectin core–shell nanoparticles for stabilisation of Pickering emulsion
Authors: Jiang Yang , Zhu Yuzhu , Li Feng , Li Dapeng , Huang Qingrong 
Published: April 2020

SummaryOver the past decade, edible colloidal particle‐stabilised Pickering emulsions have regained research interest. However, little information is available regarding the application of amidated pectin in stabilising Pickering emulsions. In this work, a ‘two‐step’ method was used to synthesise gliadin/pectin composite colloidal particles. The effects of pectin type, particle ratio, particle amount and oil fraction on the formation and stability of the resulting Pickering emulsion were systematically investigated by particle size and microscopy. The results showed that the particles formed after the addition of amidated pectin could better stabilise the o/w Pickering emulsion with a concentration of 2%, lower than that of the gliadin colloid particles. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed the cross‐sectional structure and the attachment of protein particles to the external interface. These results may provide reference for the selection of shell materials for Pickering colloidal particles (especially gliadin) in the future.