bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Basis for Elevation of Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase Levels in Serum Stored on Clots
Authors: Elliott W B , Rosamilia Harold 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A modification of the serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase colorimetric assay is described which reduces the error due to preformed keto acids, and thus permits evaluation of "corrected" transaminase levels in serum specimens that have stood on the clot up to three weeks at 4°. Evidence is presented that even in bacterially contaminated specimens the major cause of elevation in levels during storage is a rise in preformed keto acids.
An Automated Technic for the Assessment of Thyroid Status, Based upon the Binding of I131-Triiodothyronine by Serum
Authors: Pollard A C , Garnett E S , Webber C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An automated technic is described for the direct assessment of I131-triiodothyronine binding by serum. The adsorbants used in the manual technics are replaced by dialysis. The radioactivity in the dialysate is measured in a continuous-flow scintillation system. Results obtained from 71 patients of varying thyroid status compare favorably with those of a standard manual I131-triiodothyronine resin uptake test.
Centrifuging, Storing, and Quantitative Dispensing of Micro Samples; An Improved Technic
Authors: Wittgenstein Eva , Rowe Kenneth W 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In an adaptation of standard technics and apparatus, aqueous homogenates from single rat lenses are introduced into capillary tubes, soluble and insoluble constituents are separated using a micro hematocrit centrifuge, and samples are frozen and stored in the capillary tubes. To allow quantitative transfer of sample aliquots from these capillaries for chemical and immunologic determinations, commercial micro titrator was modified.
A New Indicator for the Chelometric Measurement of Calcium in Serum and Urine
Authors: Catledge Gloria , Biggs Homer G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Hydroxy Naphthol Blue as a metallochromic indicator in the chelometric measurement of calcium with EDTA provides a very distinct color change at the end-point in the titration of aqueous solutions, serum, and urine samples. Iron, magnesium, copper, phosphate, and bilirubin in concentrations normally encountered in serum and urine did not interfere with the reaction of the indicator. The results obtained with this indicator were not statistically different from those of serum samples analyzed by flame photometry or urine samples analyzed chelometrically with Cal-Red as the indicator.
The Clinical Stability of Serum Cholinesterase Activity
Authors: Wetstone Howard J , LaMotta Rudolph V 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Intra-individual variation of serum cholinesterase activity as determined in 82 normal adults studied 373 times over periods up to 5 years is found to be relatively low. The over-all coefficient of variation was 8.4, the linear correlation between the first and subsequent tests in the same person was r = .87 (first versus second test in 82 subjects) and r = .90 (first versus seventh test in 14 people). A decline of 0.66 U. from a single prior measurement when in normal health is significant at the .05 level. The clinical significance of the test is discussed.
Comparison of Two Current Colorimetric Procedures for Determination of Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase
Authors: Nakamura R M , Magsaysay R , Kunitake G M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A comparison of two colorimetric procedures for the determination of serum glutamic oxaloacetic acid (SGOT) showed that both the dinitrophenylhydrazine and diazonium salt colorimetric assay procedures have good precision and reproducibility acceptable to most clinical laboratories. Babson's diazonium salt procedure (3) definitely shows greater precision in the important borderline range of values than the dinitrophenylhydrazine method based on the Reitman-Frankel method (2). Advantages and disadvantages of both procedures are discussed.
An Automated p-Nitrophenylphosphate Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Procedure for the "Robot Chemist"
Authors: Morgenstern Stanley , Kessler Gerald , Auerbach Joseph , Flor Richard V , Klein Bernard 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A new, precise, and accurate procedure is described for the automated determination of serum alkaline phosphatase on the Robot Chemist. The substrate, p-nitrophenyl-phosphate in 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, offers the prime advantage of providing directly its own chromogen, p-nitrophenol, following enzyme action. Other advantages are the small sample volumes required and linear reaction rates. Correlations are presented between the manual procedure and those used with both the Technicon Auto-Analyzer and the Robot Chemist.
A Direct Photometric Method for Chloride in Biological Fluids, Employing Mercuric Thiocyanate and Perchloric Acid
Authors: Hamilton Robert Houston 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The reagent described is 5.5 M in perchloric acid and 3.3 M in urea. It contains ferric ions, mercuric thiocyanate, mercuric ions (from mercuric perchlorate), and mercuric chloride. Serum dissolves directly in this reagent to yield a clear, reddish solution.
When chloride ions are added, they combine first with the free mercuric ions, and then with some of the mercuric ions from the mercuric thiocyanate. Liberated thiocyanate combines with ferric ions to yield red ferric thiocyanate. The color is much more intense in the presence of strong perchloric acid than in other aqueous acid mixtures, Its intensity can be regulated at will by changing the concentration of the ferric iron. The presence of mercuric chloride in the reagent improves linearity between absorbance and chloride concentration.
After the total absorbance is determined, compensation for absorbance by other substances is secured by adding mercuric ions to the photometer tube to reverse the color-producing reaction of chloride, reading the residual absorbance, and subtracting it from the total absorbance, to give a net absorbance produced by chloride alone.
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Spinal-Fluid Proteins
Authors: Evans John H , Quick Donald T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Twenty-three control samples of CSF were analyzed by vertical column electrophoresis on acrylamide gel. Quantitation results using a microdensitometer are presented. The normal protein pattern shows 15 constant bands which coincide in mobility and in many cases in staining pattern with serum proteins. The haptoglobin peaks, except for the band of the 1-1 type and the leading band of the 2-1 type were not seen in control fluids.
The Heptacarboxylic Porphyrin of Various Types of Porphyria and the Melting-Point Curve of Methyl Esters of the I and III Isomers
Authors: Chu T C , Chu Edith Ju-Hwa 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The heptacarboxylic porphyrin (hepta) isolated from different types of porphyric urine samples contains different proportions of the isomers I and III. These were separated chromatographically. The hepta in congenital porphyria was found to contain 65% of Type I isomer and 35% of Type III; that in acute intermittent porphyria, 70-80% III and 20-30% I; and that in porphyria cutanea tarda, 80-90% III. Several other cases including 1 of coproporphyria, 1 of South African genetic porphyria, 1 of Bantu porphyria, 4 of hexachlorobenzene poisoning in Turkish individuals were also examined. From the X-ray diffraction pattern and long-column chromatography, the Hepta III prepared either from decarboxylation of Uroporphyrin III or by condensation of porphobilinogen revealed a more complex configuration than that isolated from porphyric materials. The natural hepta might be dominated by one of the four possible isomers of the III series.
A melting-point composition curve of methyl esters of Hepta I and III was constructed, and its applicability was tested. The identity of the hepta isolated in porphyria cutanea tarda with "208" and "pseudouro" porphyrins is discussed, and the name "cutano-porphyrin" suggested.
Elevation of Serum Protein-Bound Carbohydrates and Haptoglobin in Schizophrenia
Authors: Seal Ulysses S , Eist Harold 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The mean concentration of each of the serum protein-bound carbohydrates (hexose, hexosamine, fucose, and sialic acid) was significantly elevated in a group of 60 male schizophrenic patients. The total serum protein was elevated, ceruloplasmin was normal, and C-reactive protein was absent. Serum haptoglobin was significantly elevated. The distribution of haptoglobin types was normal. Haptoglobin concentration variation was significantly correlated with each of the carbohydrates and, to a lesser degree, with ceruloplasmin. In a group of 13 patients with normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the fibrinogen and haptoglobin concentrations were significantly elevated. There was no correlation between haptoglobin and fibrinogen concentrations in this group.
The Automated Determination of Serum Uric Acid
Authors: Morgenstern Stanley , Flor Richard V , Kaufman James H , Klein Bernard 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
An automated procedure is presented for the enzymatic determination of serum uric acid on both the AutoAnalyzer and the Robot Chemist. The procedure measures as the neocuproine complex, the difference in the amount of Cu+ formed by reaction of a Cu++-alkanolamine buffered solution with serum uric acid under precisely controlled conditions before and after uricase treatment of the serum. The difference is proportional to the true serum uric acid content. The elements contributing to the enzymatic reaction, the colorimetric reaction, and the elimination of interferences were investigated. Comparison of serum uric acid values obtained by this method with those obtained by ultraviolet spectrophotometry show very good agreement.
A Modified Automated Ferricyanide-Phosphomolybdic Acid Procedure for Serum or Plasma Glucose
Authors: Klein Bernard , Morgenstern Stanley , Kaufman James H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Glucose in serum and plasma was determined by the automated ferricyanide-phosphomolybdate reaction, with modifications of both the flow system and reagents to adapt the procedure for use with the AutoAnalyzer. The modified method was shown to be precise and sensitive.
Colorimetric Determination of Serum Guanase Activity
Authors: Caraway Wendell T 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A colorimetric method for the determination of serum guanase has been developed whereby ammonia, formed by the deteramination of guanine, is measured by the phenatehypochlorite reaction. Variations in substrate concentration, time of incubation, pH, temperature, and concentration of enzyme have been investigated with respect to enzyme activity. The determination of serum guanase appears to be useful in the differential diagnosis of jaundice.
Quantitative Analysis of Urinary 17-Oxogenic Steroids Using Sodium Metaperiodate Oxidation
Authors: Mefcalf Mary G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
At 550° the oxidation of pregnane-17, 20-diols (17- oxogenic steroids) to 17-oxosteroids with sodium metaperiodate is complete within 10 mm. The yield of 17-oxosteroids is not affected by light or pH's between 4.6 and 7.0. The 17-oxgenic steroids may be oxidized in the presence of glucose provided that additional sodium metaperiodate, equivalent in amount to or in excess of the glucose, is used for oxidation.
The Automated Determination of NAD-Coupled Enzymes
Authors: Morgenstern Stanley , Flor Richard , Kessler, Gerald , Klein Bernard 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A precise automated procedure developed for determination of serum lactate dehydrogenase, using the Robot Chemist, measures absorbance of a cuprous-neo-cuproine complex formed by coupled reduction of the cupric-neocuproine reagent with enzymatically generated reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Activity values obtained by this method, by the identical automated colorimetric method on the AutoAnalyzer, and by an automated spectrophotometric (34O-mµ) procedure show excellent agreement.
Automated Determination of Acid Phosphatase
Authors: Klein Bernard , Auerbach Joseph 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
α-Naphthylphosphate is a selective substrate for the differentiation of prostatic acid phosphatase from erythrocytic acid phosphatase in human serum; its comparative specificity for prostatic enzyme is demonstrated by inhibition studies and by assay of mixtures of both enzymes in serum.
Automatic Estimation of Urea Using Urease and Alkaline Phenol
Authors: Wilson B W 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method for the automated determination of urea in plasma and urine, using urease and alkaline phenol, proved to have the advantages of speed and precision when compared with a manual method of the diffusion type. The mean percentage difference between results of the two methods did not differ from zero at the 1% level of significance when examined by the † test.
An Automated Colorimetric (Tetrazolium Salt) Assay for Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Capps Rodney D , Batsakis John G , Briere Russell O , Calam Roger R L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The adaptation of a tetrazolium salt assay for serum lactate dehydrogenase to fullautomation is described. The tetrazolium salt, INT, (2-p-iodophenyl-3-p-nitrophenyl-5-phenyl tetrazolium chloride) serves as the chromogenic indicator of the enzyme activity. Phenazine methosulfate serves as an intermediate electron carrier.
Estimation requires only 5 min. of incubation, and assays may be run at the rate of 60/hr. Comparison against the manual version of the assay with respect to normal and abnormal serum activity levels is excellent.
Assay of Urinary Porphyrins
Authors: Fernandez Alberto A , Henry Richard J , Goldenberg Harry 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Previous authors have reported ranges of normal coproporphyrin excretion values which differ by several hundred per cent. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the scatter of normal values is a result of differences in analytical methodology. It is shown that the values obtained for copro-and uroporphyrin are the same whether urine extracts are assayed by spectrophotometry or fluorometry. Equivalent results are also obtained with solvent extraction and alumina adsorption technics. The coproporphyrin range for our normal adult population (0-161 µg./day) is intermediate between the literature values, while the uroporphyrin range (0-26 µg./day) is compatible with the reports of most workers.
An improved solvent extraction method for urinary porphyrins is presented in which n-butanol is used to isolate uroporphyrin after removal of the coproporphyrin fraction.
A Slide Rule for Time Conversion for Bromsulphalein (BSP) Retention Studies
Authors: Gindler E Melvin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In blood plasma, the concentration of injected Bromsulphalein is indicated by x at any time, t. The two quantities are related by the first-order equation In x = kt (k is aconstant). A specialized log-log slide rule has been developed to permit the rapid direct calculation of x at some value of t, when the value of x at some other time is known.
A Gas Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Lactic Acid in Blood
Authors: Savory John , Kaplan Alex 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method for the determination of lactic acid concentration in blood by gas chroma tography is described. Lactic acid in a protein-free filtrate is oxidized by ceric sulfate to acetaldehyde. The latter compound is introduced into the gas chroma tographic column by vapor phase injection, and is quantitatively measured within 3 min. The method is specific, precise, and not affected by compounds that may interfere with the determination of lactic acid by colorimetric or enzymatic methods.
A method for preserving blood samples up to 24 hr. without change in lactic acid concentration is also described.
A Simple Method for Extraction and Quantitation of 14C-Labeled Compounds from Blood
Authors: Marymont Jesse H , London Morris 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This note describes a simple heat clot-extraction procedure for separation of water soluble 14C-labeled compounds of low molecular weight from serum-in a form sufficiently pure to enumerate in a gas-flow counter. Data obtained with glucose-1- 14C and uric acid-1-14C are presented. Similar results have been obtained with 14C-labeled galactose, allantoin, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and leucine.
A Method for the Rapid Detection of Acute Iron Toxicity
Authors: Fischer David S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In acute iron poisoning, it is necessary for rational management to know whether the plasma iron exceeds the transferrin-binding capacity. A method for the rapid determination of iron in plasma is described whereby this essential information may be obtained in a few minutes. This test will help to differentiate simple iron ingestion from acute iron toxicity so the clinician may have a firmer basis upon which to decide whether chelate therapy is indicated.
Design and Operation of an Expanded System of Quality Control
Authors: Sax Sylvan M , Dorman Lakeles , Libenson David D , Moore John J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A functioning system of quality control, utilizing three types of control materials, is described. Analytic results obtained on control specimens are processed by computer to give a rapid indication of over-all accuracy and precision, technician performance, and need for restandardizing or trouble-shooting individual tests.
Serum Magnesium Concentration in Schizophrenia and Epilepsy
Authors: Seal Ulysses S , Eist Harold 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Serum magnesium concentration values were determined on groups of normal, schizophrenic, and epileptic patients. The magnesium levels in all the groups were essentially identical and no single value was outside the limits of normal as defined by the mean ± 3 S.D.
Applications of Computer Produced Frequency Distribution Curves
Authors: Ressler N , Whitlock L S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Applications to quality control of a laboratory's own individual frequency distribution curves are described. The method has recently become feasible for routine use, since the curves can now be compiled automatically by means of an electronic data-processing system. Applications described include verification of the validity of results generated by a given method in terms of the frequency distributions obtained for each type of diagnostic classification, and the determination of the constancy of these distributions. The relative value of different test methods can be compared by the success which is achieved in distinguishing diagnostic classifications (as measured by the overlaps of different frequency distribution curves). Individual frequency distributions can also be used to determine the precision required for given test, in order to avoid any loss in the discrimination which can be achieved.
Clinical Chemistry in Rural Laboratories
Authors: Reynolds Moira Davison 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Questionnaires dealing with the practice of clinical chemistry in their laboratories were sent to 172 selected hospitals with a bed capacity of less than 70, all in the United States and all 50 miles or more from any large hospital or medical center. Replies from 84 indicated that in the majority of the laboratories the actual work is done by individuals who have had college training and/or many years of experience. Most of the laboratories are adequately equipped to do the common clinical chemical assays whose usefulness might diminish if time were lost in transporting specimens elsewhere.
The Use of Ultraviolet Irradiation in the Estimation of Retinol (Vitamin A Alcohol) and Its Derivatives
Authors: Sherman Burton S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Quantitative studies on the estimation of retinol (Vitamin A alcohol) and its derivatives retinoic acid, retinal, retinyl acetate, and retinyl palmitate in dilute solution using the method of destruction by ultraviolet irradiation, showed that retinoic acid in organic solvents required a period of irradiation of from 2.5 to 8 times as long for destruction as did the other forms of the vitamin. This fact should be taken into consideration in any attempt to apply the method of Bessey et al. (1) for the analysis of retinoic acid in biologic material. Furthermore, standard solutions of retinoic acid in organic solvents are more stable after storage in the dark than are the other derivatives of the vitamin.
An Evaluation of Turbidimetric Technics for Estimation of plasma Fibrinogen
Authors: Goodwin Jesse F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Studies on precipitation and turbidimetric methods for fibrinogen determination employing Na2SO3, Na2SO4, (NH4) 2S04 and a mixture of phosphate salts are presented. Optimal reaction conditions for these technics have been verified. The amounts of plasma fibrinogen precipitated by the sulfite and phosphate methods are in closer agreement than either are with values obtained by the (NH4)2S04 and Na2SO4 precipitation technics. It has been determined that the degree of turbidity produced by salt fractionation is not a reliable index of the amount of fibrinogen present. The measurement of fibrinogen concentration of turbidity produced by the various fractionation agents does not appear to be precise enough for the quantitative measurement of this protein.
Measurement of DNA and RNA in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
Authors: Glen A C A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A method is described, modified from a published technic, for obtaining lymphocytes from human peripheral blood. The cell preparations containing greater than 90% lymphocytes were analyzed for their DNA and RNA content, using a modified Schmidt-Thannhauser procedure. The peripheral blood lymphocytes of 40 normal adults were examined, and normal values established for the 2 compounds. The mean lymphocyte DNA was 0.73 pg DNA phosphorus per million cells, and the mean lymphocyte RNA was 0.19 pg RNA phosphorus per million cells. These values are consistent with results published for human leukocytes. The ratio RNA phosphorus:DNA phosphorus is proposed as a reliable index of changes in the RNA content of the blood lymphocytes.
Interference by Formaldehydogenic Drugs in the Quantitative Determination of Urinary Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid
Authors: Shils Maurice E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The administration of methenamine mandelate (Mandelamine) to normal individuals and patients with carcinoid resulted in a marked reduction in apparent urinary hydroxyindoleacetic acid (HIAA) as determined by the quantitative nitroso-naphthol method. Mandelamine, methenamine, and formaldehyde inhibited the normal color development in vitro. The interfering reaction is dependent on an acid pH and is not reversed by raising the pH. It is suggested that formaldehyde is the active substance and the role of mandelamine and methenamine is that of a precursor of this substance in acid solution. Chloride and sulfate ions, per se, caused a definite but limited interference with the color reaction. Under the conditions of this study, mandelamine did not prevent detection of elevated urinary HIAA by the qualitative test for HIAA.
Optimum Conditions for the Reaction Between Uric and Phosphotungstic Acids in the Presence of Glycerol-Silicate Reagent, Including a Proposed Modification of the Archibald Method
Authors: Kanter Saul L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
By controlling the alkalinity and the amount of phosphotungstic acid (PTA), turbidity and gelling in the final colored solution obtained in the reaction between uric acid and PTA in the presence of sodium glycerol silicate (NaGS) can be eliminated without using antiturbidity reagents. The optimum range of alkalinity is 0.55-0.76 mEq. of excess alkali in a total volume of 7.75 ml. A modification of the Archibald (1) method is proposed to assure optimum color development between uric acid and PTA-whether the uric acid is in an acidic protein-free filtrate or in a practically neutral aqueous standard solution.