bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Populist polarization in postcolonial Philippines: Sociolinguistic rifts in online drug war discourse
Authors: Uyheng Joshua , Montiel Cristina Jayme 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSocial psychological scholarship on populism explains polarization processes in terms of individual differences and group‐level divisions. However, predominant approaches often elide wider historical contexts, implicitly assuming the structural features of Western settings. Invoking insights from postcolonial psychology, we posit that populist polarization dynamics in the Global South are structurally shaped by colonial histories. Turning to the Philippines under populist President Rodrigo Duterte, we examine polarized online constructions of his controversial war on drugs. Employing a discourse‐historical approach, we uncover a structurally bifurcated view of populist polarization. We specifically unpack sociolinguistic rifts acrossvernacular discourses of community securityuttered in Filipino versuscosmopolitan discourses of democratic integrityuttered in English. Our findings expand prevailing scholarship by illustrating postcolonial discursive possibilities of populism from above and resistance from below. We conclude with insights for studying populist polarization at the nexus of local and global inequalities.
Intranasal anti‐caspase‐1 therapy preserves myelin and glucose metabolism in a model of progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Saito Leina B. , Fernandes Jason P. , Smith Mackenzie J. , Doan Matthew A. L. , Branton William G. , Schmitt Laura M. , Wuest Melinda , Monaco Maria C. , Major Eugene O. , Wuest Frank , Power Christopher 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInflammatory demyelination and axonal injury in the central nervous system (CNS) are cardinal features of progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), and linked to activated brain macrophage‐like cells (BMCs) including resident microglia and trafficking macrophages. Caspase‐1 is a pivotal mediator of inflammation and cell death in the CNS. We investigated the effects of caspase‐1 activation and its regulation in models of MS. Brains from progressive MS and non‐MS patients, as well as cultured human oligodendrocytes were examined by transcriptomic and morphological methods. Next generation transcriptional sequencing of progressive MS compared to non‐MS patients' normal appearing white matter (NAWM) showed induction of caspase‐1 as well as other inflammasome‐associated genes with concurrent suppression of neuron‐specific genes. Oligodendrocytes exposed to TNFα exhibited upregulation of caspase‐1 with myelin gene suppression in a cell differentiation state‐dependent manner. Brains from cuprizone‐exposed mice treated by intranasal delivery of the caspase‐1 inhibitor, VX‐765 or its vehicle, were investigated in morphological and molecular studies, as well as by fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) imaging. Cuprizone exposure resulted in BMC and caspase‐1 activation accompanied by demyelination and axonal injury, which was abrogated by intranasal VX‐765 treatment. FDG‐PET imaging revealed suppressed glucose metabolism in the thalamus, hippocampus and cortex of cuprizone‐exposed mice that was restored with VX‐765 treatment. These studies highlight the caspase‐1 dependent interactions between inflammation, demyelination, and glucose metabolism in progressive MS and associated models. Intranasal delivery of an anti‐caspase‐1 therapy represents a promising therapeutic approach for progressive MS and other neuro‐inflammatory diseases.
Multiatlas‐based segmentation of female pelvic organs: Application for computer‐aided diagnosis of cervical cancer
Authors: Daly Asma , Yazid Hedi , Solaiman Basel , Essoukri Ben Amara Najoua 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAtlas‐based segmentation is a high level segmentation technique which has become a standard paradigm for exploiting prior knowledge in image segmentation. Recent multiatlas‐based methods have provided greatly accurate segmentations of different parts of the human body by propagating manual delineations from multiple atlases in a data set to a query subject and fusing them. The female pelvic region is known to be of high variability which makes the segmentation task difficult. We propose, here, an approach for the segmentation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) called multiatlas‐based segmentation using online machine learning (OML). The proposed approach allows separating regions which may be affected by cervical cancer in a female pelvic MRI. The suggested approach is based on an online learning method for the construction of the dataset of atlases. The experiments demonstrate the higher accuracy of the suggested approach compared to a segmentation technique based on a fixed dataset of atlases and single‐atlas‐based segmentation technique.
Evaluating the “possums” health professional training in parent–infant sleep
Authors: Whittingham Koa , Palmer Chloe , Douglas Pamela , Creedy Debra K. , Sheffield Jeanie 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTInfant sleep problems are among the most common issues reported by parents in the postnatal period. Yet, infant sleep and infant sleep interventions remain controversial. This study evaluated health professional training in a novel approach to parent–infant sleep: the Possums Sleep Intervention. Health professionals (n = 144) completed a short survey before and after the training, which focused on the sleep component. The Possums Sleep Intervention training included the following topics: sleep science, cued care, sleep hygiene, relaxation for parents and babies, problem solving, and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Health professionals reported: improvements in knowledge on infant sleep regulation, the mother–infant relationship and ACT; improvements in health professionals’ own sleep quality; improvements in psychological flexibility; and a reduction in professional burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Moreover, the health professional training was received positively. Overall, this study is supportive of the Possums Sleep Intervention health professional training.
Optimal hyperosmotic agents for tissue immersion optical clearing in terahertz biophotonics
Authors: Musina Guzel R. , Dolganova Irina N. , Chernomyrdin Nikita V. , Gavdush Arsenii A. , Ulitko Vladislav E. , Cherkasova Olga P. , Tuchina Daria K. , Nikitin Pavel V. , Alekseeva Anna I. , Bal Natalia V. , Komandin Gennady A. , Kurlov Vladimir N. , Tuchin Valery V. , Zaytsev Kirill I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work, a thorough analysis of hyperosmotic agents for the immersion optical clearing (IOC) in terahertz (THz) range was performed. It was aimed at the selection of agents for the efficient enhancement of penetration depth of THz waves into biological tissues. Pulsed spectroscopy in the frequency range of 0.1 to 2.5 THz was applied for investigation of the optical properties of common IOC agents. Using the collimated transmission spectroscopy in visible range, binary diffusion coefficients of tissue water and agent in ex vivo rat brain tissue were measured. IOC agents were objectively compared using two‐dimensional nomogram, accounting for their THz‐wave absorption coefficients and binary diffusion coefficients. The results of this study demonstrate an interplay between the penetration depth enhancement and the diffusion rate and allow for pointing out glycerol as an optimal agent among the considered ones for particular applications in THz biophotonics.
Retracted: Long non‐coding RNA XIST binding to let‐7c‐5p contributes to rheumatoid arthritis through its effects on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts via regulation of STAT3
Authors: Wang Zong‐Qiang , Xiu Dian‐Hui , Jiang Jin‐Lan , Liu Gui‐Feng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune disease, affects around 1% population worldwide, with the life quality of patients severely reduced. In this study, it is intended to explore the role of long non‐coding RNA X‐inactive specific transcript (lncRNA XIST) in RA and the underlying mechanisms associated with let‐7c‐5p and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3).MethodsLncRNA XIST, let‐7c‐5p, and STAT3 expressions were determined in RA and normal cartilage tissues, and their relationship was analyzed in osteoblasts. The regulatory effects of lncRNA XIST in RA were investigated when XIST expression was upregulated or downregulated in osteoblasts. TNF‐α, IL‐2, IL‐6, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, TGF‐β1, and IGF1 were measured in vivo in RA rats.ResultsLncRNA XIST and STAT3 were expressed at high levels and let‐7c‐5p expressed at a low level in RA cartilage tissues. LncRNA XIST silencing or let‐7c‐5p enhancement led to decreased levels of TNF‐α, IL‐2, and IL‐6, suggestive of suppressed inflammatory response, and increased levels of ALP, osteocalcin, TGF‐β1, and IGF‐1 as well as reduced damage in cartilage tissues.ConclusionLncRNA XIST downregulation could promote proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in RA, serving as a future therapeutic target for RA.
Isomannide monoundecenoate‐based 1,2,3‐triazoles: Design, synthesis, and in vitro bioactive evaluation
Authors: Tangadanchu Vijai Kumar Reddy , Gundabathini Sandhya Rani , Bethala L. A. Prabhavathi Devi , Yedla Poornachandra , Chityal Ganesh Kumar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA new series of isomannide monoundecenoate‐based 1,2,3‐triazole analogs 6a–e were designed by employing click chemistry in good yields. in vitro bioactive assay manifested that the several target compounds exhibited promising antibacterial and antifungal activities. Notably, compounds having phenyl substituted triazole 6a, and hydroxy phenyl substituted triazole 6b possessed highly selective promising inhibition towards Gram‐positive bacterial strains namely Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC value of 3.9 μg/mL. Further, these potential hybrids (6a and 6b) also exhibited highly impressive antifungal activity against the tested panel of Candida strains with MIC value of 3.9 μg/mL. Based on our in vitro preliminary antimicrobial study, these two compounds 6a and 6b have been identified as potential antimicrobial lead compounds. Moreover, all prepared derivatives were also evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against A549, MCF7, DU145 and HeLa cancer cell lines. The results indicated that only the hydroxy phenyl substituted triazole analog 6b displayed good cytotoxic activity towards all tested human cancer cell lines without any significant effects on normal cell line (HUVEC).
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis‐associated diarrhea and response to chenodeoxycholic acid treatment
Authors: Brass Eric P. , Stelten Bianca M.L. , Verrips Aad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX), chronic diarrhea is one of the earliest and main symptoms of the disease. In the current study, we evaluated the characteristics of the diarrhea and its response to chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) therapy in a cohort of Dutch CTX patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of medical records for 33 genetically confirmed CTX patients, and abstracted the characteristics of the diarrhea and the response to CDCA therapy (15 mg/kg/day up to 750 mg/day). The Bristol Stool Scale (BSS) was used for qualitative characterization of the stool.ResultsTwenty‐five patients had diarrhea documented at baseline (76%). Of these patients, 10 had diarrhea rated as 6 (fluffy pieces with ragged edges, a mushy stool), and 6 had diarrhea rated as 7 (watery, no solid pieces, entirely liquid) using the BSS. In 10 patients for whom data were recorded, the median stool frequency at baseline was 3 per day (range 2‐6 per day). The response rate with CDCA for diarrhea resolution was 100% based on at least one post‐baseline visit without diarrhea and 95% as assessed at the first post‐baseline visit. In 68% of cases resolution was complete and sustained as no episodes of diarrhea were documented for follow‐up periods as long as 25 years.ConclusionsChronic diarrhea persisting for years without spontaneous remission is a common feature of CTX at diagnosis. Chenodeoxycholic acid is an effective treatment for symptomatic relief of diarrhea in patients with CTX.
Rolling out RapidPlan: What we've learnt
Authors: van Gysen Kirsten , O'Toole James , Le Andrew , Wu Kenny , Schuler Thilo , Porter Brian , Kipritidis John , Atyeo John , Brown Chris , Eade Thomas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionRapidPlan (RP), a knowledge‐based planning system, aims to consistently improve plan quality and efficiency in radiotherapy. During the early stages of implementation, some of the challenges include knowing how to optimally train a model and how to integrate RP into a department. We discuss our experience with the implementation of RP into our institution.MethodsWe reviewed all patients planned using RP over a 7‐month period following inception in our department. Our primary outcome was clinically acceptable plans (used for treatment) with secondary outcomes including model performance and a comparison of efficiency and plan quality between RP and manual planning (MP).ResultsBetween November 2017 and May 2018, 496 patients were simulated, of which 217 (43.8%) had an available model. RP successfully created a clinically acceptable plan in 87.2% of eligible patients. The individual success of the 24 models ranged from 50% to 100%, with more than 90% success in 15 (62.5%) of the models. In 40% of plans, success was achieved on the 1st optimisation. The overall planning time with RP was reduced by up to 95% compared with MP times. The quality of the RP plans was at least equivalent to historical MP plans in terms of target coverage and organ at risk constraints.ConclusionWhile initially time‐consuming and resource‐intensive to implement, plans optimised with RP demonstrate clinically acceptable plan quality, while significantly improving the efficiency of a department, suggesting RP and its application is a highly effective tool in clinical practice.
Short‐term inhibition of SARS‐CoV‐2 by hydrogen peroxide in persistent nasopharyngeal carriers
Authors: Capetti Amedeo F. , Borgonovo Fabio , Morena Valentina , Lupo Angelica , Cossu Maria Vittoria , Passerini Matteo , Dedivitiis Gianfranco , Rizzardini Giuliano 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAsymptomatic and convalescent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) subjects may carry severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) for months in their upper respiratory ways. Desiring to permanently clean the mucosal surfaces, we investigated the chemical agents that fit to rapidly degrade the virus. Among these, hydrogen peroxide, initially tested by two of us for tolerability, showed both good performance and acceptable side effects (burning sensation for 15–20 s). We contacted circles of family physicians and the ATS Milano (Territorial Assistance and Prevention Service), and we tested this procedure on eight persistent carriers of SARS‐CoV‐2, performing swabs before the procedure and after it until the reappearance of the virus or until 14 days (the incubation period), keeping the surfaces clean with a hypertonic solution. Our patients had a median time from exposure or symptom onset of 111 days, and three had relapsed after being declared “cured” (two consecutive negative swabs after quarantine). One patient had a baseline negative swab and was excluded, and two successfully ended the 14 days' course, four suppressed viral elimination for 72 h, and one for 48 h, all rebounding to weak positive (cycle thresholds above 24). Although temporarily effective, such measures may have some place in the control of viral shedding to protect the most fragile subjects.
The knee prosthesis constraint dilemma: Biomechanical comparison between varus‐valgus constrained implants and rotating hinge prosthesis. A cadaver study
Authors: León‐Román V. E. , García‐Mato D. , López‐Torres I. I. , Vaquero‐Martín F. J. , Calvo‐Haro J. A. , Pascau J. , Sanz‐Ruíz P. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe real degree of constriction of rotating hinge knee (RHK) and condylar constrained prostheses (CCK) is a matter of discussion in revision knee arthroplasty. The objectives of this study are to compare the tibial rotation of both implants and validate the use of inertial sensors with optical tracking system as movement measurement tools. A total of 16 cadaver knees were used. Eight knees were replaced using a RHK (Endomodel LINK), and the remaining eight received a CCK prosthesis (LCCK, Zimmer). Tibial rotation range of motion was measured in full extension and at 30°, 60°, and 90° of flexion, with four continuous waveforms for each measurement. Measurements were made using two inertial sensors with specific software and compared with measurements obtained using the gold standard technique ‐ the motion capture camera. The comparison of the accuracy of both measurement methods showed no statistically significant differences between inertial sensors and motion capture cameras, with p > .1; the mean error for tibial rotation was 0.21°. Tibial rotation in the RHK was significantly greater than in the CCK (5.25° vs. 2.28°, respectively), p < .05. We have shown that RHK permit greater tibial rotation, being closer to physiological values than CCKs. Inertial sensors have been validated as an effective and accurate method of measuring knee movement. The clinical significance: RHK appears to represent a lower constriction degree than CCK systems.
Incidence of Complications Associated with Parenteral Nutrition in Preterm Infants < 32 Weeks with a Mixed Oil Lipid Emulsion vs a Soybean Oil Lipid Emulsion in a Level IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Franco Susannah , Goriacko Pavel , Rosen Orna , Morgan‐Joseph Toshiba 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundParenteral nutrition (PN) is crucial for the improvement of long‐term outcomes in very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates. Lipid injectable emulsions are a key component of PN, as they contain essential fatty acids and provide energy critical for brain growth. Prolonged administration increases risk of intestinal failure‐associated liver disease, including cholestasis, and other complications.MethodsThis is a retrospective, quasi‐experimental cohort study of 215 VLBW neonates. The primary outcome was a change in direct bilirubin concentration. Secondary outcomes included change in total bilirubin concentration and incidences of cholestasis and other disease states associated with PN and prematurity. Cholestasis was defined as direct bilirubin ≥ 1.0 mg/dL with total bilirubin < 5.0 mg/dL or direct bilirubin > 20% of total bilirubin with total bilirubin > 5.0 mg/dL.ResultsChange in direct bilirubin concentration was not different between groups. Incidence of cholestasis was not different between groups per charted diagnosis or per study definition. Non‐stage‐0 retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis were all lower in the mixed oil lipid emulsion group, which remained significant after adjustment for differences in gestational age, birth weight, and PN duration.ConclusionsAlthough mixed oil lipid emulsion was not found to be associated with a lower risk of cholestasis, it may decrease risks of other disease states associated with PN therapy.
Predictive value of preoperative and postoperative peripheral lymphocyte difference in hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular cancer patients: Based on the analysis of dynamic nomogram
Authors: Luo Dingan , Li Haoran , Yu Heng , Zhang Mao , Hu Jianchong , Jin Cheng , Chua Meisze , Han Bing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundInflammation plays an important role in the progression and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our aim is to explore the prognostic value of preoperative and postoperative peripheral lymphocyte differences and to develop a dynamic prognosis nomogram in hepatitis B virus‐related HCC patients.MethodsImportant indicators related to overall survival (OS) are screened out by Cox proportional hazard models. The receiver operating characteristic curves, decision curve analysis curves, net reclassification improvement, and integrated discrimination improvement were used to evaluate the performance of the model.ResultsLymphocyte (L) difference was an independent risk factor. It was further verified that the performance of the nomogram was significantly improved after the L difference was incorporated into the nomogram. The nomogram generated had the area under curves of 0.779, 0.775, and 0.793 at 3, 5, and 7 years after surgery, respectively. Our nomogram models showed significantly better performance in predicting the HCC prognosis compared to other models. And online webserver and scoring system table was built based on the proposed nomogram for convenient clinical use.ConclusionsIt is newly found that L difference is an effective predictor of OS, and the nomogram based on this indicator can accurately predict the prognosis of HCC patients.
Signs of Chronic Hypoxia Suggest a Novel Pathophysiological Event in α‐Synucleinopathies
Authors: Heras‐Garvin Antonio , Danninger Christoph , Eschlböck Sabine , Holton Janice L. , Wenning Gregor K. , Stefanova Nadia 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMultiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's disease (PD) patients develop respiratory and cardiovascular disturbances including obstructive sleep apnea, orthostatic hypotension, and nocturnal stridor. We hypothesized that, associated with these respiratory and cardiovascular disturbances, hypoxic events may occur in MSA and PD brains that may play a role in disease progression. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of hypoxia in nonneurological controls and PD and MSA patients.MethodsMolecular levels of hypoxia markers were measured in postmortem brain tissue from controls and PD and MSA cases.ResultsMSA brain showed signs of chronic hypoxia characterized by the significant accumulation of the hypoxic marker HIF2α as compared to PD patients and controls. We detected no differences between MSA subtypes. Signs of hypoxia were also observed in PD patients with a clinical presentation similar to the MSA cases.ConclusionsThe results obtained from this study suggest a new alternative pathway associated with α‐synucleinopathies that may contribute to the pathogenesis of these disorders. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The first case of a mosaic superficial epidermolytic ichthyosis diagnosed by Ultra‐Deep Sequence
Authors: Li Yue , Cheng Ruhong , Liang Jianying , Yao Zhirong , Li Ming 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundSuperficial epidermolytic ichthyosis (SEI), known as ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens (IBS; OMIM No. 146800) before, is a type of keratinopathic ichthyosis due to the KRT2 mutations (NM_000423.3; OMIM No. 600194). Here, we report the first case of SEI caused by a KRT2 mosaic mutation.MethodsWe presented the clinical data of a 5‐year‐old Chinese boy who suffered from SEI. The histopathological examination and immunofluorescence were performed to rule out immunobullous skin diseases and diseases with subepidermal blisters. Genomic DNA samples were extracted from the lesion tissue and next‐generation sequencing was performed. We also confirmed the variant allele frequency (VAF) in different tissues by an Ultra‐Deep Sequencing technology.ResultsThe patient presented with blisters on the lower extremities and linear, superficially hyperkeratotic lesions. Immunofluorescence of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4, and C1q were negative, and the histopathological results showed intraepidermal blisters containing lymphocytes and eosinophils. A heterozygous missense mutation, c.G1459A (p. Glu487Lys), in exon 7 of the KRT2 gene was detected at a 31.17% allele frequency. The same mutation p. Glu487Lys has been described several times in the literature.ConclusionThus, in our patient, the mosaic mutation explains the blaschkoid ichthyosiform phenotype. To our knowledge, this is the first case of SEI with a KRT2 mosaic mutation.