bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clay mineralogy, chemical and geotechnical characterization of bentonite from Beni Bou Ifrour Massif (the Eastern Rif, Morocco)
Authors: Ait Hmeid H. , Akodad M. , Aalaoul M. , Baghour M. , Moumen A. , Skalli A. , Anjjar A. , Conti P. , Sfalanga A. , Ryazi Khyabani F. , Minucci S. , Daoudi L. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Bentonite clay mineral is widely present in the Gourougou Volcanic Massif and its satellites located in NE Morocco. It originated from the alteration of pyroclastic flows in shallow marine water in a lagoon lake environment (Ibourhardayn deposit). All studied samples were collected from that area and analysed accordingly in order to characterize and identify their components. Experimental techniques used included X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence and the geotechnical characterization of the clay fraction and Atterberg limits. Granulometric analysis exhibited the presence of a clay fraction (<2 µm) ranging from 9.2 to 32.4%. The geotechnical study showed that the bentonites studied were generally very plastic, with plasticity index values ranging from 19.4 to 46.6%, and are also characterized by very high liquidity limits of 37.3–67%. A high water retention capacity with water contents ranging from 8.2 to 40.7% indicated that Ibourhardayn bentonites have important swelling properties. Mineralogical results showed that all specimens were mostly composed of montmorillonite alongside other clay minerals. Some crystalline impurities were also detected by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectra.
Two Worlds Collide: Unraveling the Role of the Immune System in BRAF–MEK Inhibitor Responses
Authors: Smalley Keiran S.M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSummary:Although BRAF–MEK inhibition can enhance the immune recognition of melanoma cells, the mechanisms that underlie this remain poorly defined. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Erkes and colleagues present new data showing that BRAF–MEK inhibition activates pyroptosis in melanoma cells through gasdermin E cleavage, leading to T-cell infiltration and improved therapy responses in vivo.See related article by Erkes et al., p. 254.
Noninvasive In Vivo Assessment of Cardiac Metabolism in the Healthy and Diabetic Human Heart Using Hyperpolarized
13
C MRI
Authors: Rider Oliver J. , Apps Andrew , Miller Jack J.J.J. , Lau Justin Y.C. , Lewis Andrew J.M. , Peterzan Mark A. , Dodd Michael S. , Lau Angus Z. , Trumper Claire , Gallagher Ferdia A. , Grist James T. , Brindle Kevin M. , Neubauer Stefan , Tyler Damian J. 
Published: February 2020

Rationale:

The recent development of hyperpolarized
13
C magnetic resonance spectroscopy has made it possible to measure cellular metabolism in vivo, in real time.

Objective:
By comparing participants with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we report the first case-control study to use this technique to record changes in cardiac metabolism in the healthy and diseased human heart.

Methods and Results:

Thirteen people with T2DM (glycated hemoglobin, 6.9±1.0%) and 12 age-matched healthy controls underwent assessment of cardiac systolic and diastolic function, myocardial energetics (
31
P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy), and lipid content (
1
H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy) in the fasted state. In a subset (5 T2DM, 5 control), hyperpolarized [1-
13
C]pyruvate magnetic resonance spectra were also acquired and in 5 of these participants (3 T2DM, 2 controls), this was successfully repeated 45 minutes after a 75 g oral glucose challenge. Downstream metabolism of [1-
13
C]pyruvate via PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase, [
13
C]bicarbonate), lactate dehydrogenase ([1-
13
C]lactate), and alanine transaminase ([1-
13
C]alanine) was assessed. Metabolic flux through cardiac PDH was significantly reduced in the people with T2DM (Fasted: 0.0084±0.0067 [Control] versus 0.0016±0.0014 [T2DM], Fed: 0.0184±0.0109 versus 0.0053±0.0041;
P
=0.013). In addition, a significant increase in metabolic flux through PDH was observed after the oral glucose challenge (
P
<0.001). As is characteristic of diabetes mellitus, impaired myocardial energetics, myocardial lipid content, and diastolic function were also demonstrated in the wider study cohort.

Conclusions:

This work represents the first demonstration of the ability of hyperpolarized
13
C magnetic resonance spectroscopy to noninvasively assess physiological and pathological changes in cardiac metabolism in the human heart. In doing so, we highlight the potential of the technique to detect and quantify metabolic alterations in the setting of cardiovascular disease.
Sex in the Cloister: Behind the Image of the “Criminal Monk” in Ming Courtroom Tales
Authors: Wu Junqing 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Buddhist monks were commonly portrayed as seducers and even rapists in late sixteenth-century vernacular literature, including, most commonly, courtroom tales (gong’an 公案). Do these stories reflect a deterioration in clerical morality and behavior, or a decline in Buddhist faith and practice, as is sometimes argued? Neither explanation is credible. I argue that the image of monks in courtroom tales should be understood as a literary convention, growing out the burgeoning market for entertainment literature, rather than a window onto social reality. It also reflects an increasing male anxiety about the control of women.
The Courtesan as Famous Scholar: The Case of Wang Wei (ca. 1598-ca. 1647)
Authors: Xu Sufeng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
This article examines the life and poetry of Wang Wei, one of the most distinguished courtesan poets of the Ming dynasty. Through an examination of her courtesan career, her friendship networks in literati circles, and her adoption of multiple identities such as xianren (person of leisure), daoren (person of the Dao), and shiren (poet), it seeks to illustrate what I believe is an important explanation for the flourishing of late Ming courtesan and literati culture. The rising prominence of learned and literary courtesans was strongly connected to a new social formation of nonconformist literati, the “men of the mountains” (shanren). These nonofficial urban elites of the prosperous Jiangnan region fashioned themselves as retired literati, devoting themselves to art, recreation, and self-invention, instead of government service. In constructing an “artistic and hedonistic counterculture,” they encouraged the involvement of both courtesans and literary women of the gentry class.
The Gnat and the Bull Do Climate Outlook Forums Make a Difference?
Authors: Gerlak Andrea K. , Mason Simon J. , Daly Meaghan , Liverman Diana , Guido Zack , Soares Marta Bruno , Vaughan Catherine , Knudson Chris , Greene Christina , Buizer James , Jacobs Katharine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLittle has been documented about the benefits and impacts of the recent growth in climate services, despite a growing call to justify their value and stimulate investment. Regional Climate Outlook Forums (RCOFs), an integral part of the public and private enterprise of climate services, have been implemented over the last 20 years with the objectives of producing and disseminating seasonal climate forecasts to inform improved climate risk management and adaptation. In proposing guidance on how to measure the success of RCOFs, we offer three broad evaluative categories that are based on the primary stated goals of the RCOFs: 1) quality of the climate information used and developed at RCOFs; 2) legitimacy of RCOF processes focused on consensus forecasts, broad user engagement, and capacity building; and 3) usability of the climate information produced at RCOFs. Evaluating the quality of information relies largely on quantitative measures and statistical techniques that are standardized and transferrable, but assessing the RCOF processes and perceived usability of RCOF products will necessitate a combination of quantitative and qualitative social science methods that are sensitive to highly variable regional contexts. As RCOFs have taken up different formats and procedures to adapt to diverse institutional and political settings and varied technical and scientific capacities, objective evaluation methods adopted should align with the goals and intent of the evaluation and be performed in a participatory, coproduction manner where producers and users of climate services together design the evaluation metrics and processes. To fully capture the potential benefits of the RCOFs, it may be necessary to adjust or recalibrate the goals of these forums to better fit the evolving landscape of climate services development, needs, and provision.
Challenges to Human Drivers in Increasingly Automated Vehicles
Authors: Hancock P. A. , Kajaks Tara , Caird Jeff K. , Chignell Mark H. , Mizobuchi Sachi , Burns Peter C. , Feng Jing , Fernie Geoff R. , Lavallière Martin , Noy Ian Y. , Redelmeier Donald A. , Vrkljan Brenda H. 
Published: February 2020

Objective We examine the relationships between contemporary progress in on‐road vehicle automation and its coherence with an envisioned “autopia” (automobile utopia) whereby the vehicle operation task is removed from all direct human control. Background The progressive automation of on‐road vehicles toward a completely driverless state is determined by the integration of technological advances into the private automobile market; improvements in transportation infrastructure and systems efficiencies; and the vision of future driving as a crash‐free enterprise. While there are many challenges to address with respect to automated vehicles concerning the remaining driver role, a considerable amount of technology is already present in vehicles and is advancing rapidly. Methods A multidisciplinary team of experts met to discuss the most critical challenges in the changing role of the driver, and associated safety issues, during the transitional phase of vehicle automation where human drivers continue to have an important but truncated role in monitoring and supervising vehicle operations. Results The group endorsed that vehicle automation is an important application of information technology, not only because of its impact on transportation efficiency, but also because road transport is a life critical system in which failures result in deaths and injuries. Five critical challenges were identified: driver independence and mobility, driver acceptance and trust, failure management, third-party testing, and political support. Conclusion Vehicle automation is not technical innovation alone, but is a social as much as a technological revolution consisting of both attendant costs and concomitant benefits.
Calculating the absolute adsorption of high-pressure methane on shale by a new method
Authors: Zuo Luo , Jiang Tingxue , Wang Haitao 
Published: February 2020

Currently, many adsorption experiments of methane on shale have been done to understand adsorption characteristics of methane on shale, but those experiments’ pressure and temperature are far less than reservoir pressure and temperature; therefore, we carried out the experiments of methane adsorption on shale at 75.6°C and 95.6°C with 0–50 MPa pressure range to study the adsorption characteristics of shale under reservoir condition. We also build a new method to calculate the real (absolute) adsorption of methane on shale. Results present that the characteristics of excess adsorption isotherm under high pressure is different from the characteristics of excess isotherm under low pressure; adsorption obtained by adsorption experiment increases with pressure going up until reaching a peak and then declines with further increase in pressure. We build a new method to calculate the absolute adsorption by assuming that the adsorption phase volume approximately equals to the total volume occupied by adsorbed molecule, and the results calculated by our method show this method is reasonable and effective.
Regret and unfinished business in parents bereaved by cancer: A mixed methods study
Authors: Lichtenthal Wendy G , Roberts Kailey E , Catarozoli Corinne , Schofield Elizabeth , Holland Jason M , Fogarty Justin J , Coats Taylor C , Barakat Lamia P , Baker Justin N , Brinkman Tara M , Neimeyer Robert A , Prigerson Holly G , Zaider Talia , Breitbart William , Wiener Lori 
Published: February 2020

Background: Prior research has demonstrated that the presence of regret and unfinished business is associated with poorer adjustment in bereavement. Though there is a growing literature on these constructs among caregivers of adult patients, the literature on regret and unfinished business in bereaved parents has been limited. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine regret and unfinished business in parents bereaved by cancer, as well as their associations with caregiving experiences and prolonged grief. Design: This was a cross-sectional mixed methods study that utilized self-report questionnaires with open-ended items. Setting/Participants: The multisite study took place at a tertiary cancer hospital and pediatric cancer clinical research institution. Participants were 118 parents (mothers = 82, fathers = 36) who lost a child aged 6 months to 25 years to cancer between 6 months and 6 years prior. Results: Results showed that 73% of the parents endorsed regret and 33% endorsed unfinished business, both of which were more common among mothers than fathers ( p ⩽ 0.05). Parents were on average moderately distressed by their regrets and unfinished business, and both regret-related and unfinished business–related distress were associated with distress while caregiving and prolonged grief symptoms. Conclusion: Findings have implications for how providers work with families, including increasing treatment decision-making support, supporting parents in speaking to their child about illness, and, in bereavement, validating choices made. Grief interventions that use cognitive-behavioral and meaning-centered approaches may be particularly beneficial.
CDK1 serves as a potential prognostic biomarker and target for lung cancer
Authors: Li Mingyao , He Fenyi , Zhang Zhanchun , Xiang Zhenfei , Hu Danfei 
Published: February 2020

Objective Evidence from cell and mouse models and human tissues suggests that cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is involved in lung cancer (LC) tumorigenesis. However, the different types of expression patterns and prognostic results of CDK1 need further analysis. Methods In the current study, we assessed CDK1 expression and LC patient outcomes using data from the Oncomine, GEPIA, and Kaplan–Meier Plotter databases. Additionally, mutations in the CDK1 gene were analyzed by using the cBioPortal database. The expression of CDK1 was verified by real-time quantitative PCR using the Human Protein Atlas database and human tissues. Results Expression of CDK1 was higher in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung carcinoma tissues than in normal lung samples. Moreover, CDK1 expression was linked to disease progression. Survival analysis indicated that upregulation of CDK1 was related to poor overall survival, low first progression, and post-progression survival in patients with LC. Conclusions Our results indicate that CDK1 is a potential clinical target and prognostic biomarker for patients with LC.
Headaches in the medieval Medical School of Salerno
Authors: Bifulco Maurizio , Marasco Giuseppe , Colucci-D’Amato Luca , Pisanti Simona 
Published: February 2020

Premise Headaches are a serious public health concern of our days, affecting about 50% of the world’s adult population. However, such a plague is not limited to the modern era, since ancient archaeological, written, religious and cultural evidences testify to countless attempts to face such disorders from medical, neurosurgical, psychological and sociological perspectives. Background Substantially, the Hippocratic and Galenic theories about headache physiopathology remained predominant up to the 17th century, when the vascular theory of migraine was introduced by Thomas Willis and then evolved into the actual neurovascular hypothesis. The medieval Medical School of Salerno, in southern Italy, where the Greco-Roman medical doctrine was deeply affected by the medio-oriental influence, gave particular attention to both prevention and treatment of headaches. Conclusion The texts of the School, a milestone in the literature of medicine, translated into different languages and widespread throughout Europe for centuries, provide numerous useful recipes and ingredients with an actually proven pharmacological efficacy.
Tendon Healing Progression Evaluated With Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signal Intensity and Its Correlation With Clinical Outcomes Within 1 Year After Rotator Cuff Repair With the Suture-Bridge Technique
Authors: Liu Shaohua , Xie Yuxue , Chen Qingyan , Sun Yaying , Ding Zheci , Zhang Yuhan , Chen Shiyi , Chen Jiwu 
Published: February 2020

Background:After a rotator cuff (RC) is repaired, its signal intensity (SI) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gradually changes to normal and could reflect the degree of RC healing. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how long it takes for SI to recover to normal and whether the SI progression correlates with clinical outcomes after RC repair (RCR).Purpose:To serially evaluate the SIs of the repaired RC tendon on MRI and the postoperative clinical outcomes and then analyze the correlation between them.Study Design:Case series; Level of evidence, 4.Methods:This study prospectively included 25 patients who underwent arthroscopic RCR with the suture-bridge technique between June 2016 and July 2017. Twenty-three patients accepted full follow-ups at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Before surgery and at each follow-up, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and 4 functional scores were evaluated: Constant-Murley score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons shoulder evaluation form, modified University of California at Los Angeles score, and Fudan University shoulder score. The patients underwent MRI examinations at every follow-up. The values of the signal/noise quotient at the distal (SNQd) and proximal (SNQp) areas were calculated to evaluate the SI of the repaired tendon. The correlations of clinical outcomes with SNQd and SNQp values were analyzed, and subgroup analyses were performed.Results:Overall, the mean postoperative VAS score significantly decreased at postoperative 1 month ( P < .001), and the functional scores were all significantly higher than the preoperative values at 6 months (all P < .001). SNQd and SNQp values were both significantly higher than normal at 1 and 3 months (all P < .001) and reduced to normal after 9 and 6 months, respectively. Correlation analyses showed that the SNQp value significantly correlated with VAS score (positive) and all functional scores (negative) at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Further comparison indicated that the patients with VAS score >3 had higher SNQp values than patients with VAS score ≤3 at 1 and 3 months postoperatively (both P = .01).Conclusion:After RCR with the suture-bridge technique, it took longer for SI to become relatively normal than it did to have a significant clinical improvement. Early after surgery (1-3 months), worse clinical outcome correlated with higher SI on proximal cuff tendon.
Adolescent Posterior-Superior Glenoid Labral Pathology: Does Involvement of the Biceps Anchor Make a Difference?
Authors: Hansen Cody H. , Asturias Alicia M. , Pennock Andrew T. , Edmonds Eric W. 
Published: February 2020

Background: Adolescent athletes are at risk of sustaining an injury to the posterior and superior labrum of the glenoid. Limited information is available regarding the outcomes of surgical intervention in this specific age cohort. Purpose: To compare those patients with pure posterior pathology and those with posterior labral tears that involve the biceps anchor (superior labrum anterior-posterior [SLAP] tears) to determine risks for failure in the surgical management. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on all patients under the age of 19 years over an 8-year period to identify those treated for superior and posterior labral pathology, followed by chart review, radiographic review, and arthroscopic findings. Patient characteristics and other variables were recorded, including cause (traumatic vs atraumatic), activity/sports (overhead vs nonoverhead), involvement of the biceps anchor—crossing the 12-o’clock position (posterior vs SLAP), associated pathologies, outcome scores (Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation [SANE] and Pediatric/Adolescent Shoulder Survey [PASS] scores), and complications. Results: Forty-eight patients (30 boys, 18 girls) with a mean age at surgery of 16.5 years (range, 13.5-19 years) were identified who met criteria, with a mean follow-up of 4.1 years (range, 1.3-6.9 years). Nineteen patients had SLAP tears and 29 patients had posterior tears. All but 2 regularly participated in sports at the time of their injury; of the athletes, 26 (56.5%) played an overhead sport and 20 (43.5%) played a nonoverhead sport. The cause of the injury was traumatic in 25 cases (52.1%) and atraumatic in 23 cases (47.9%). Outcome scores were not significantly different between cause or type of sports played; SANE scores were not significantly different by tear type (mean SLAP score, 88.4 compared with mean posterior score, 80.9; P = .124); but the mean PASS score in the SLAP group was 88.7, compared with 76.2 in the posterior group ( P = .005) at final assessment. Only 1 SLAP patient had failed management (5.3%) compared with 5 patients in the posterior-only cohort (17.2%). Conclusion: Posterior SLAP tears have better outcomes and lower failure rates than posterior-only tears in the adolescent population. Posterior-superior labral tears can occur in all sports types with multiple causes, but the only factor that appears to play a role in ultimate outcome is whether the tear crosses under the biceps anchor to the anterior side.
An evaluation of the practice of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a Victorian health service before and after the Mental Health Act 2014
Authors: Lee Jia L , George Kuruvilla , Price Leah , Couper Jeremy 
Published: February 2020

Objective: The aim of the project was to identify changes in the practice of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a metropolitan mental health service before and after the Mental Health Act 2014 (2014 Act) in Victoria. Method: Retrospective clinical file audit of ECT administration across all three sites at Eastern Health (EH) two years before and two years after introduction of the 2014 Act. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in the number of compulsory ECT treatments and in the number of patients who had compulsory ECT across the three hospitals at EH in the two years following the 2014 Act compared to the two years prior to the 2014 Act. There was no significant difference in the number of voluntary ECT treatments and in the number of patients who had voluntary ECT. Conclusion: The review showed that there has been a significant decrease in the number of compulsory ECT treatments and in the number of patients who had compulsory ECT after the introduction of the 2014 Act. Potential reasons for the changes are discussed.
Non-consensual recommendations for managing bipolar II disorder
Authors: Parker Gordon 
Published: February 2020

Objective: The objective of this study is to report on the degree of consensus in experts’ recommendations for managing bipolar II disorder. Methods: Eighteen international clinician researchers with expertise in managing bipolar disorders were provided with 14 questions addressing nuances in managing those with a bipolar II disorder. Results: To all questions, the independently derived recommended strategies demonstrated distinct divergence. Conclusion: The lack of consensus in management recommendations is likely to reflect the disorder being relatively recently formalised, the lack of condition-specific randomised controlled trial data and the nature of psychiatric practice.