bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The general movements assessment in term and late-preterm infants diagnosed with neonatal encephalopathy, as a predictive tool of cerebral palsy by two years of age: a scoping review protocol.
Authors: Seesahai Judy , Luther Maureen , Rhoden Carmen Cindy , Church Paige Terrien , Asztalos Elizabeth , Banihani Rudaina 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background Prediction of long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes remains an elusive goal for neonatology. Clinical and socioeconomic markers have not proven to be adequately reliable. The limitation in prognostication includes those term and late-preterm infants born with neonatal encephalopathy. The General Movements Assessment tool by Prechtl has demonstrated reliability for identifying infants at risk for neuromotor impairment. This tool is non-invasive and cost-effective. The purpose of this study is to identify the published literature on how this tool applies to the prediction of cerebral palsy in term and late-preterm infants diagnosed with neonatal encephalopathy and so detect the research gaps. Methods We will conduct a systematic scoping review for data on sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and describe the strengths and limitations of the results. This review will consider studies that included infants more than or equal to 34+0 weeks gestational age, diagnosed with neonatal encephalopathy, with a General Movements Assessment done between birth to six months of life and an assessment for cerebral palsy by at least two years of age. Experimental and quasi-experimental study designs including randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, before and after studies, interrupted time-series studies and systematic reviews will be considered. Case reports, case series, case control and cross-sectional studies will be included. Text, opinion papers and animal studies will not be considered for inclusion in this scoping review as this is a highly specific and medical topic. Studies in the English language only will be considered. Studies published from at least 1970 will be included as this is around the time when the General Movements Assessment was first introduced in neonatology as a potential predictor of neuromotor outcomes. We will search five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, Scopus and CINAHL). Two reviewers will conduct all screening and data extraction independently. The articles will be categorized according key findings and a critical appraisal performed. Discussion The results of this review will guide future research to improve early identification and timely intervention in infants with neonatal encephalopathy at risk of neuromotor impairment.
Transcriptome analysis of the hypothalamus and pituitary of turkey hens with low and high egg production
Authors: Brady Kristen , Liu Hsiao-Ching , Hicks Julie , Long Julie A , Porter Tom E 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: High egg producing hens ( HEPH ) show increased hypothalamic and pituitary gene expression related to hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal ( HPG ) axis stimulation as well as increased in vitro responsiveness to gonadotropin releasing hormone ( GnRH ) stimulation in the pituitary when compared to low egg producing hens ( LEPH ). Transcriptome analysis was performed on hypothalamus and pituitary samples from LEPH and HEPH to identify novel regulators of HPG axis function. Results: In the hypothalamus and pituitary, 4644 differentially expressed genes ( DEGs ) were identified between LEPH and HEPH, with 2021 genes up-regulated in LEPH and 2623 genes up-regulated in HEPH. In LEPH, up-regulated genes showed enrichment of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid ( HPT ) axis. Beta-estradiol was identified as an upstream regulator regardless of tissue. When LEPH and HEPH samples were compared, beta-estradiol was activated in HEPH in 3 of the 4 comparisons, which correlated to the number of beta-estradiol target genes up-regulated in HEPH. In in vitro pituitary cell cultures from LEPH and HEPH, thyroid hormone pretreatment negatively impacted gonadotropin subunit mRNA levels in cells from both LEPH and HEPH, with the effect being more prominent in HEPH cells. Additionally, the effect of estradiol pretreatment on gonadotropin subunit mRNA levels in HEPH cells was negative, whereas estradiol pretreatment increased gonadotropin subunit mRNA levels in LEPH cells. Conclusions: Up-regulation of the HPT axis in LEPH and upstream beta-estradiol activation in HEPH may play a role in regulating HPG axis function, and ultimately ovulation rates. Thyroid hormone and estradiol pretreatment impacted gonadotropin mRNA levels following GnRH stimulation, with the inhibitory effects of thyroid hormone more detrimental in HEPH and estradiol stimulatory effects more prominent in LEPH. Responsiveness to thyroid hormone and estradiol may be due to desensitization to thyroid hormone and estradiol in LEPH and HEPH, respectively, due to up-regulation of the HPT axis in LEPH and of the HPG axis in HEPH. Further studies will be necessary to identify possible target gene desensitization mechanisms and elicit the regulatory role of the HPT axis and beta-estradiol on ovulation rates in turkey hens.
Circulating heat shock protein 27 as a novel marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional community-based study
Authors: Wang Xinru , Shi Jie , Lu Bin , Zhang Weiwei , Yang Yehong , Wen Jie , Hu Renming , Yang Zhen , Wang Xuanchun 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background

Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) has been proposed as a vital protective factor in atherosclerosis. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between circulating HSP27 and intima–media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery in individuals with type 2 diabetes and to determine whether HSP27 represents an independent marker for subclinical atherosclerosis in this patient population.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional community-based study consisting in 186 Chinese subjects with a median duration of diabetes of 8.2 years who underwent carotid ultrasound IMT measurement. Serum HSP27 levels were assessed by ELISA.

Results

Serum HSP27 levels were significantly higher in the IMT (+, >1.0 mm) group than in the IMT (-, ≤1.0 mm) group, with the median value of 8.80 ng/mL (5.62–12.25) and 6.93 ng/mL (4.23–9.60), respectively ( P =0.006). The discriminative value of HSP27 to evaluate IMT was 7.16 ng/mL and the area under the curve was 0.72 (95%CI=0.64–0.80, P=0.0065). Spearman's rank correlation analysis demonstrated that the concentrations of circulating HSP27 were positively correlated with carotid IMT ( r =0.198, P =0.007) and blood urea nitrogen ( r =0.170, P <0.05). Furthermore, in the logistic model, serum HSP27 levels were found to be independent predictors of carotid IMT in type 2 diabetic patients after adjustment for onset age of diabetes, blood pressure, total cholesterol and C-reactive protein. (OR=1.085, P =0.022).

Conclusions

Circulating HSP27 level, positively correlates with carotid IMT, is an independent predictor for early atherosclerotic changes in diabetes, and may represent a novel marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes.
Association between Aminotransferase/alanine Aminotransferase Ratio and Cardiovascular Disease mortality in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis: A Multi-center Retrospective Study
Authors: Feng Xiaoran , Wen Yueqiang , Peng FenFen , Wang Niansong , Zhan Xiaojiang , Wu Xianfeng 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives: Elevated aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among the general population. However, an association between AST/ALT ratio and CVD mortality in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) has received little attention.Methods: A total of 2224 incident PD patients from multi-centers were enrolled from November 1, 2005, to June 30, 2017, in this retrospective cohort study. The primary endpoint was CVD mortality. Eligible patients were divided into high and normal groups according to the AST/ALT ratio cut-off for CVD mortality with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The associations between the AST/ALT ratio and CVD mortality were evaluated by the Cox regression model.Results: Of eligible 1579 patients with a mean age of 49.3±14.6 years, 55.4% of patients were male, 18.1% of patients had diabetes, and 64.2% of patients had hypertension. The prevalence of a high AST/ALT ratio was 76.6% in the cohort population. During a follow-up period with 4659.6 patient-years, 316 patients died, of which 193 (61.1%) deaths were caused by CVD episodes. The incidence of CVD mortality in the high group was significantly higher than that in the normal group (13.1% versus 9.2%, P=0.024). Cumulative CVD mortality rates were significantly different between the two groups by Kaplan-Meier analysis [hazards ratio (HR)=1.50, 95% confidence index (CI) 1.09-2.07, P=0.014]. After adjusting for confounding factors, a higher AST/ALT ratio was independently associated with an increased risk of CVD mortality compared with their counterparts (HR=1.43, 95%CI 1.08-2.41, P=0.002). Conclusions: PD patients with high baseline AST/ALT ratio levels may be at a significant risk of CVD mortality.
Chromosomal instability in untreated primary prostate cancer as an indicator of metastatic potential
Authors: Miller Eric T , You Sungyong , Cadaneanu Radu M , Kim Minhyung , Yoon Junhee , Liu Sandy T , Li Xinmin , Kwan Lorna , Hodge Jennelle , Quist Michael J , Grasso Catherine S , Lewis Michael S. , Knudsen Beatrice S , Freeman Michael R , Garraway Isla P 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Metastatic prostate cancer (PC) is highly lethal. The ability to identify primary tumors capable of dissemination is an unmet need in the quest to understand lethal biology and improve patient outcomes. Previous studies have linked chromosomal instability (CIN), which generates aneuploidy following chromosomal missegregation during mitosis, to PC progression. Evidence of CIN includes broad copy number alterations (CNAs) spanning >300 base pairs of DNA, which may also be measured via RNA expression signatures associated with CNA frequency. Signatures of CIN in metastatic PC, however, have not been interrogated or well defined. We examined a published 70-gene CIN signature (CIN70) in untreated and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and previously published reports. We also performed transcriptome and CNA analysis in a unique cohort of untreated primary tumors collected from diagnostic prostate needle biopsies (PNBX) of localized (M0) and metastatic (M1) cases to determine if CIN was linked to clinical stage and outcome.
Methods: PNBX were collected from 99 patients treated in the VA Greater Los Angeles (GLA-VA) Healthcare System between 2000-2016. Total RNA was extracted from high-grade cancer areas in PNBX cores, followed by RNA sequencing and/or copy number analysis using OncoScan. Multivariate logistic regression analyses permitted calculation of odds ratios for CIN status (high versus low) in an expanded GLA-VA PNBX cohort (n = 121).
Results: The CIN70 signature was significantly enriched in primary tumors and CRPC metastases from M1 PC cases. An intersection of gene signatures comprised of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) generated through comparison of M1 versus M0 PNBX and primary CRPC tumors versus metastases revealed a 157-gene "metastasis" signature that was further distilled to 7-genes (PC-CIN) regulating centrosomes, chromosomal segregation, and mitotic spindle assembly. High PC-CIN scores correlated with CRPC, PC-death and all-cause mortality in the expanded GLA-VA PNBX cohort. Interestingly, approximately 1/3 of M1 PNBX cases exhibited low CIN, illuminating differential pathways of lethal PC progression.
Conclusions: Measuring CIN in PNBX by transcriptome profiling is feasible, and the PC-CIN signature may identify patients with a high risk of lethal progression at the time of diagnosis.
How to recover from a bad start: size at metamorphosis affects growth and survival in a tropical amphibian
Authors: Szekely Diana , Cogalniceanu Dan , Szekely Paul , Armijos-Ojeda Diego , Espinosa-Mogrovejo Valentina , Denoel Mathieu 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background:
In species with complex life cycles, size at metamorphosis is a key life-history trait which reflects the complex interactions between costs and benefits of life in the aquatic and terrestrial environments. Whereas the effects of a deteriorating larval habitat (e.g. pond desiccation) on triggering an early metamorphosis have been extensively investigated in amphibians, the consequences of the resulting reduced size at metamorphosis on fitness in the post-metamorphic terrestrial stage remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that a smaller size at metamorphosis negatively affects performance and survival in the ensuing terrestrial stage. Using as model a tropical amphibian ( Ceratophrys stolzmanni ) showing a large phenotypic plasticity in metamorphosing traits, we evaluated the effects of size at metamorphosis on fitness-related trophic and locomotor performance traits, as well as on growth and survival rates.
Results:
Our results support the hypothesis that a larger size at metamorphosis is correlated with better survival and performance. The survival rate of large metamorphosing individuals was 95%, compared to 60% for those completing metamorphosis at a small size. Locomotor performance and gape size were positively correlated with body size, larger animals being more mobile and capable to ingest larger prey. However, smaller individuals achieved higher growth rates, thus reducing the size gap.
Conclusions:
Overall, size at metamorphosis affected profoundly the chances of survival in the short term, but smaller surviving individuals partly compensated their initial disadvantages by increasing growth rates.
Rickettsia spp. in rodent-attached ticks and first evidence of Spotted fever Group Rickettsia species Candidatus Rickettsia uralica in Europe.
Authors: Vikentjeva Maria , Geller Julia , Remm Jaanus , Golovljova Irina 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND

Rickettsia spp. are human pathogens that cause a number of diseases and are transmitted by arthropods, including ixodid ticks. Estonia contributes a region, where the distribution area of two exophilic tick species of known medical importance, Ixodes persulcatus and I. ricinus, overlap. The presence of the nidicolous rodent-associated I. trianguliceps has recently been shown for Estonia. Although there is no Estonian data available on human disease caused by tick-borne Rickettsia spp., the presence of three Rickettsia species in non-nidicolous ticks, albiet at very dissimilar rates, was also previously reported. The aim of this studywas to screen, identify and characterize Rickettsia species in nidicolous and non-nidicolous ticks attached to rodents.

RESULTS

Nymphs and larvae of I. ricinus ( n = 1004), I . persulcatus ( n = 75) and I. trianguliceps ( n = 117) attached to rodents and shrews caught in different parts of Estonia were studied for the presence of Rickettsia spp. by nested PCR. Ticks were removed from 314 small animals of 5 species (bank voles Myodes glareolus , yellow necked mice Apodemus flavicollis , striped field mice A. agrarius, pine voles M. subterranius and common shrews S. araneus) . Rickettsial DNA was detected in 8,7% (103/1186) studied ticks. In addition to R. helvetica, previously found in questing ticks, this study reports the first identification of the recently described I. trianguliceps- associated Candidatus R. uralica in west of the Ural.
Prevalence of hypertension and its risk factor among cotton textile workers in low-and-middle-income countries: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Ali Naureen , Feroz Anam 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Cotton workers are exposed to various hazards in the textile industry that might result in different ailments including hypertension (HTN). However, few attempts have been made to systematically review the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factor among cotton textile workers in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). This review aims to identify the factors and burden of hypertension; considering that modifiable factors can be prevented in this high risk population. Methods: We will carry out the systematic literature search on the major electronic databases including PubMed, CINAHL Plus, Science Direct, and Cochrane between January 2000 and December 2019, to identify the prevalence and incidence along with risk factors of hypertension in adults’ cotton textile workers in LMIC. Two researchers will independently search the databases. The search strategy will be piloted to ensure sufficient specificity and sensitivity. We will limit the search findings to human studies conducted in the adult workers. Discussion: This review will highlight the proportion of hypertension along with its risk factor among cotton textile workers in LMICs. Given that, some of the factors can be prevented in this high-risk population, we will call on health, experts to prioritize policies and commission and conduct programs to support the improvement in their health. The findings of this review will be made publicly available and the results will be disseminated via presentations and peer-reviewed publications Conclusion: The review provides detailed information about the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension that will help to progress the health of cotton workers in LMICs.
Determination of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, sinapine thiocyanate, tetrahydropalmatine and amygdalin by HPLC-MS/MS after oral administration of extracts of Majie cataplasm in rabbits plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Li Changxiang , Shi Hanfen , Cheng Fafeng , Zhu Wenxiang , Liu Yuanjun , Ji Wenting , Zhang Qianyi , Du Xilei , Feng Tianyi , Wang Xueqian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed to develop HPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, sinapine thiocyanate, tetrahydropalmatine and amygdalin of extracts of Majie cataplasm after oral administration in rabbits plasma and describe the pharmacokinetics of this five components.MethodsThe qualitative detection of the five compounds was accomplished by two methods. One method for the simultaneous determination of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, sinapine thiocyanate and tetrahydropalmatine was developed and validated for the first time, while the other method was for amygdalin. Chromatographic separations were achieved on a C18 column using gradient elution with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% formic acid and 5mM ammonium formate) for ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, sinapine thiocyanate and tetrahydropalmatine, while acetonitrile and water for amygdalin, at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The initial gradient was extended in order to isolate ephedrine and pseudoephedrine better. The detection was performed in multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using electrospray ionization (ESI).ResultsAll calibration curves showed good linearity (r2＞0.996) within the test ranges. The lower limit of quantification was 0.01 ng/mL for all five analytes. Reproducibility for five analytes ranged from 0.79 to 2.3% (Ephedrine), 0.51 to 3.4% (pseudoephedrine), 2.8 to 5.0% (Sinapine thiocyanate), 2.6 to 6.3% (Tetrahydropalmatine) and 1.1—2.5% (amygdalin) respectively. The extraction recoveries were within the acceptable range.ConclusionThe two methods were successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of rabbits after oral administration. The two methods has several advantages including good chromatographic resolution, specific and reproducibility and superior minimum detection limit. The results provided a basis for further study on the bioactivity of Majie cataplasm.
Rates, predictors and mortality of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Jie feng , Xie Hebin , ye ziwei , Wang Lesan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objective

The incidence and mortality of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury is high. Many studies have explored the causes of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). However, its predictors are still uncertain; additionally, a complete overview is missing. A systematic review and a meta-analysis were performed to determine the predisposing factors for sepsis-induced AKI.

Method

A systematic literature search was performed in the Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed and Web of Science databases, with an end date parameter of May 25, 2019. Valid data were retrieved in compliance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Result

Forty-seven observational studies were included for analysis. A cumulative number of 55911sepsis patients were evaluated. The incidence of AKI caused by septic shock is the highest. 30 possible risk factors were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that 20 factors were found to be significant. The odds ratio(OR),95% confidence interval (CI) and Prevalence of the most prevalent predisposing factors for sepsis-induced AKI were as the following: Septic shock[2.88(2.36-3.52), 60.47%], Hypertension[1.43(1.20-1.70),38.39%), Diabetes mellitus[1.59(1.47-1.71),27.57%],Abdominal infection[1.44(1.32-1.58),30.87%], Vasopressors use[2.95(1.67-5.22),64.61%],vasoactive drugs use [3.85(1.89-7.87),63.22%], Mechanical ventilation[1.64(1.24-2.16),68.00%), Positive blood culture[1.60(1.35-1.89), 41.19%], Smoke history[1.60(1.09-2.36),43.09%]. Other risk factors include cardiovascular, coronary artery disease, liver disease, unknow infection, diuretics use, ACEI or ARB, gram-negative bacteria and organ transplant.

Conclusion

A large number of factors are associated with AKI development in sepsis patients. Our review can guide risk-reducing interventions, clinical prediction rules, and patient-specific treatment and management strategies for sepsis-induced acute kidney injury.
Does Atorvastatin Help Prevent Classic Migraine Attacks? A Triple-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Ganji Reza , Majdinasab Nastaran , Hesam Saeed , Rostami Nazanin , Sayyah Mehdi , Sahebnasagh Adeleh 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Migraine is a painful and disabling nervous disorder which negatively affects the quality of life. Migraineurs may suffer from a generalized vasomotor dysfunction. Statins improve vasomotor and vascular function, with their pleiotropic effects. We aimed to assess efficacy and safety of adding Atorvastatin to prophylactic regimen in better control of classic migraine.Methods: This triple-blind controlled clinical trial was on 68 consecutive patients with history of classic migraine. An interval of at least one month was given to evaluate vitamin D3 level and eligibility. In patients with vitamin D3 deficiency, the correction was provided by administration of soft gelatin capsule of vitamin D supplementation. The patients were randomly assigned to receive atorvastatin 20mg plus sodium valproate 500mg or placebo plus sodium valproate 500mg once a day for two months. The patients were evaluated based for the number of attacks and pain severity based on Visual Analogue Scale. Results: There was a significant (p = 0.0001) improvement in severity of pain and number of migraine attacks by adding Atorvastin to the prophylactic regimen of patients. After controlling for variable parameters, the differences between two arms of the study was yet statistically significant (p = 0.0001). A significant number of participants in intervention group were satisfied by their treatment (p = 0.001). There was no remarkable difference in two arms of the study in terms of possible side effects (P =0.315).Conclusions: The results of present study suggested that adding atorvastatin to migraine preventive regimen may help reduce the number of acute attacks and pain severity. This modality did not cause considerable side effects and led to a better patient satisfaction.