bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of training-induced sarcomerogenesis on the history dependence of force
Authors: Chen Jackey , Mashouri Parastoo , Fontyn Stephanie , Valvano Mikella , Elliott-Mohamed Shakeap , Noonan Alex M. , Brown Stephen H. M. , Power Geoffrey A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe increase or decrease in isometric force following active muscle lengthening or shortening, relative to a reference isometric contraction at the same muscle length and level of activation, are referred to as residual force enhancement (rFE) and residual force depression (rFD), respectively. The purpose of these experiments was to gain further mechanistic insight into the trainability of rFE and rFD, on the basis of serial sarcomere number (SSN) alterations to length-dependent properties. Maximal rFE/rFD measures from the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) of rats were compared after 4 weeks of uphill/downhill running and a no running control. Serial sarcomere numbers adapted to the training: soleus serial sarcomere number was greater with downhill compared to uphill running, while EDL demonstrated a trend towards more serial sarcomeres for downhill compared to no running. In contrast, absolute and normalized rFE/rFD did not differ across training groups for either muscle. As such, it appears that training-induced SSN adaptations do not modify rFE/rFD at the whole-muscle level.Summary StatementThe addition and subtraction of serial sarcomeres induced by downhill and uphill running, respectively, did not influence the magnitude of stretch-induced force enhancement and shortening-induced force depression.
Persister state-directed transitioning and vulnerability in melanoma
Authors: Chauvistré Heike , Shannan Batool , Daignault Sheena M. , Ju Robert J. , Picard Daniel , Egetemaier Stefanie , Váraljai Renáta , Sechi Antonio , Kaschani Farnusch , Keminer Oliver , Stehbens Samantha J. , Liu Qin , Yin Xiangfan , Jeyakumar Kirujan , Vogel Felix C. E. , Krepler Clemens , Rebecca Vito W. , Kubat Linda , Lueong Smiths S , Forster Jan , Horn Susanne , Remke Marc , Ehrmann Michael , Paschen Annette , Becker Jürgen C. , Helfrich Iris , Rauh Daniel , Kaiser Markus , Gul Sheraz , Herlyn Meenhard , Rodríguez-López José Neptuno , Haass Nikolas K. , Schadendorf Dirk , Roesch Alexander 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMelanoma is a highly plastic tumor characterized by dynamic interconversion of different cell identities depending on the biological context. For example, melanoma cells with high expression of the H3K4 demethylase KDM5B (JARID1B) rest in a slow-cycling, yet reversible persister state. Over time, KDM5Bhighcells can promote rapid tumor repopulation with equilibrated KDM5B expression heterogeneity. The cellular identity of KDM5Bhighpersister cells has not been studied so far, missing an important cell state-directed treatment opportunity in melanoma. Here, we have established a doxycycline-titratable system for genetic induction of permanent intratumor expression of KDM5B and screened for chemical agents that phenocopy this effect. Transcriptional profiling and cell functional assays confirmed that the dihydropyridine phenoxyethyl 4-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,7,7-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexa-hydro-quinoline-3-carboxylate (termed Cpd1) supports high KDM5B expression and directs melanoma cells towards differentiation along the melanocytic lineage and to cell cycle-arrest. The high KDM5B state additionally prevents cell proliferation through negative regulation of cytokinetic abscission. Moreover, treatment with Cpd1 promoted the expression of the melanocyte-specific tyrosinase gene specifically sensitizing melanoma cells for the tyrosinase-processed antifolate prodrug 3-O-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-(-)-epicatechin (TMECG). In summary, our study provides proof-of-concept for a new dual hit strategy in melanoma, in which persister state-directed transitioning limits tumor growth and plasticity and primes melanoma cells towards lineage-specific elimination.
Seismic vulnerability evaluation of educational buildings of Mymensingh city, Bangladesh using rapid visual screening and index based approach
Authors: Alam Md. Shaharier , Haque Shamim Mahabubul 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
Seismic vulnerability evaluation of various public structures, especially school buildings, is very crucial for designing hazard mitigation initiatives in seismic prone areas. The city of Mymensingh is at great risk of earthquake because of its geographical location, geological structure and proximity to active faults. The city is famous for its ancient and renowned educational institutes that need to be evaluated for understanding the seismic performance of the building during an earthquake. This study aims to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of educational buildings of Mymensingh city using rapid visual screening (RVS) and index based approach.

Design/methodology/approach
RVS procedure includes field survey and secondary source assessment for evaluating structural vulnerability attributes. Analytical hierarchy process is applied to develop an index focusing on systematic attributes of vulnerability based on expert opinions. Then, a composite vulnerability map is developed combining both structural and systematic vulnerability score providing an equal weight.

Findings
This study evaluates the seismic vulnerability of 458 educational buildings of Mymensingh city and the result shows that 23.14% educational building has high, 46.29% has moderate and 26.86% has moderately low and only 3.71% buildings has the low seismic vulnerability. This study expected to be helpful in resource targeting and prioritizing seismic hazard mitigation activities for education buildings of Mymensingh city.

Originality/value
This study endeavors to present a comprehensive vulnerability assessment method by integrating RVS and index based approach that incorporates both structural and systematic dimensions of vulnerability. The result is expected to be helpful in the formulation of disaster prevention policy for vulnerable educational buildings and development of the earthquake-resistant building codes for the new building construction in Mymensingh city.
Brand-related feelings and sponsor attitude formation
Authors: Boronczyk Felix , Breuer Christoph 
Published: April 2020

PurposeThis study examines how brand attitude formation with respect to sport event sponsors is affected by feelings related to the sponsor brand, the sponsored event, and concurrent sponsors.Design/methodology/approachUsing systematically manipulated press releases, 216 sport-interested participants were presented with different sponsorships of a major sport event. Sponsor information was systematically manipulated both within the stimulus text and the accompanying photo, which contained clearly visible sponsor signage. Participants' brand-related feelings and attitudes toward the stimulus brands were assessed through an online questionnaire following the treatment and analyzed using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results show that sponsor brand-related feelings represent an important step in the creation of brand attitudes. Sponsor brand attitudes are further revealed to be in part determined by event- and co-sponsor-related feelings through several indirect pathways.Practical implicationsThe findings presented in this study suggest that managers who seek to create favorable brand responses need to consider the feelings associated with their brands, the event and concurrent sponsors. Brands may experience both beneficial and detrimental effects, depending on whether the feelings involved are positive or negative.Originality/valueTo date, no research has investigated the relationships between brand-related feelings and brand attitudes in event sponsorship while accounting for the influence of the sponsored event and concurrent sponsors. Therefore, this study contributes to a better understanding of the role of feelings in sponsor brand attitude formation.
Determination of pharmacokinetic parameters of vitamin K1 in rats after an intravenous infusion
Authors: Mi Yan‐ni , Yan Ping‐ping , Yu Rui‐hong , Li Qiong‐ge , Wang Cui‐cui , Hui Ming‐quan , Cao Lei , Cao Yong‐xiao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPharmacokinetic parameters of vitamin K1 have a large range of values in different literature. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of vitamin K1 following post‐constant speed intravenous infusion (PCSII) to provide rational pharmacokinetic parameters of vitamin K1 and compare these with results of noncompartmental analysis following intravenous injection (IV). After 15 hours intravenous infusion of vitamin K1 in rats, the logarithmic concentration–time curve of vitamin K1 was fit to a linear equation following PCSII (R2 = 0.9599 ± 0.0096). Then, half‐time (T1/2), apparent volume of distribution (Vd), and clearance rate (CL) were estimated successively. T1/2 of vitamin K1 was 4.07 ± 0.41 hour, CL was 89.47 ± 3.60 mL/h, and Vd was 525.38 ± 54.45 mL in rats following PCSII. There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters of vitamin K1 among different sampling times. For noncompartmental analysis, T1/2 and mean residence time (MRTINF) for a sampling duration of 6h were shorter than those of 12 hours or 24 hours sampling duration following IV (P < .05, P < .01). In addition, T1/2 of vitamin K1 was obviously different from MRT‐equated half‐time (T1/2, MRT)(P < .05). Vd and CL of vitamin K1 following PCSII were larger than those following IV based on noncompartmental analysis (P < .01). The results demonstrated that drug distribution in the body was balanced and the Napierian logarithmic concentration–time curve of vitamin K1 fit to a linear equation following PCSII. Vitamin K1 has a long T1/2 and a relatively large Vd following PCSII.
Long‐term outcomes and risk factors of recurrent biliary obstruction after permanent endoscopic biliary stenting for choledocholithiasis in high‐risk patients
Authors: Sugiura Ryo , Naruse Hirohito , Yamato Hiroaki , Kudo Taiki , Yamamoto Yoshiya , Hatanaka Kazuteru , Ito Jun , Kinoshita Kenji , Miyamoto Shuichi , Higashino Masayuki , Hayasaka Shuhei , Sakamoto Naoya 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo elucidate the long‐term outcomes of permanent endoscopic biliary stenting (EBS) and risk factors for recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) in high‐risk or elderly patients with common bile duct (CBD) stones.MethodsThe electronic database of Hakodate Municipal Hospital was searched to identify elderly or high‐risk patients with CBD stones who had undergone permanent EBS using a plastic stent without stone removal and were followed up between April 2011 and May 2019, with no further intervention until symptoms occurred.ResultsWe analyzed a total of 47 patients, of whom 19 (40.4%) were men, with a median age of 86 years (interquartile range 80‐90 years). RBO and death without biliary disease occurred in 14 (29.8%) and 19 (40.4%) patients, respectively. The cumulative RBO rates at 20, 40, and 60 months were 22.1%, 31.8%, and 35.5%, respectively. The median time to RBO was 13.0 and 38.0 months in the group with CBD stone  ≥15 mm and 11‐14 mm in diameter, respectively. The cumulative RBO incidence rate in the group with CBD stone ≤10 mm in diameter did not reach 50%. The cumulative RBO incidence rates were significantly different among the three groups based on the CBD stone diameter (competing risk analysis, P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that an increase in CBD stone diameter predicted the increased risk of RBO (hazard ratio 1.26, P = 0.01).ConclusionsPermanent EBS is a feasible option for high‐risk patients with small CBD stones.
Marked thickening of muscularis mucosae and submucosa in the gastric cardia: A histopathological study of 110 surgical resection cases
Authors: Huang Qin , Shi Jiong , Liu Tian Yun , Cheng Yu Qing , Wang Yao Hui , Du Ming Zhan , Li Lin , Fan Xiang Shan , Zhou Xiao Li , Zhang Yi Fen , Guo Ling Chuan , Xu Gui Fang , Zou Xiao Ping 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate histopathologic changes of muscularis mucosae (MM) and submucosa in the gastric cardia.MethodsWe performed a histopathology study of 50 distal esophagectomies with proximal gastrectomies for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma as the study (non‐cancerous cardiac) group and 60 gastrectomies for early gastric cardiac carcinoma as the cancer group. The gastroesophageal junction was defined as the distal end of squamous epithelium, multilayered epithelium, or deep esophageal glands or ducts. Gastric cardia (n = 110) was defined as the presence of cardiac and cardio‐oxyntic mucosae distal to the gastroesophageal junction.ResultsThe average thickness of MM and submucosa in the cardia was 1.04 and 1.41 mm, respectively, which was significantly thicker than that in distal stomach (n = 34) (0.22 and 0.99 mm) or distal esophagus (n = 92) (0.60 and 1.15 mm). In the cardia, thickened MM displayed frayed muscle fibers (93.3%) with a significantly higher prevalence of entrapped glands, cysts, and lymphoid follicles than in the distal stomach or distal esophagus. In the submucosa fatty changes, cysts, and abnormal arteries were significantly more common in the cardia than in the distal stomach or distal esophagus. Compared with the study group, the cardia in the cancer group showed significantly thicker MM (average 1.31 vs 0.72 mm) and submucosa (average 1.61 vs 1.16 mm), more frequent frayed MM (93.3% vs 60.0%), prolapse‐like changes (50.0% vs 2.0%), and cysts (26.7% vs 4.0%).ConclusionMM and submucosa of the cardia were significantly thickened, especially in early gastric cardiac carcinomas.
Assessing the contribution of alcohol‐specific causes to socio‐economic inequalities in mortality in England and Wales 2001–16
Authors: Angus Colin , Pryce Rob , Holmes John , de Vocht Frank , Hickman Matthew , Meier Petra , Brennan Alan , Gillespie Duncan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsWhen measuring inequalities in health, public health and addiction research has tended to focus on differences in average life‐span between socio‐economic groups. This does not account for the extent to which age of death varies between individuals within socio‐economic groups or whether this variation differs between groups. This study assesses (1) socio‐economic inequalities in both average life‐span and variation in age at death, (2) the extent to which these inequalities can be attributed to alcohol‐specific causes (i.e. those attributable only to alcohol) and (3) how this contribution has changed over time.DesignCause‐deleted life table analysis of national mortality records.SettingEngland and Wales, 2001–16.CasesAll‐cause and alcohol‐specific deaths for all adults aged 18+, stratified by sex, age and quintiles of the index of multiple deprivation (IMD).MeasurementsLife expectancy at age 18 yearss and standard deviation in age at death within IMD quintiles and the contribution of alcohol to overall differences in both measures between the highest and lowest IMD quintiles by comparing observed and cause‐deleted inequality ‘gaps’.FindingsIn 2016, alcohol‐specific causes reduced life expectancy for men and women by 0.26 and 0.14 years, respectively, and increased the standard deviation in age at death. These causes also increased the inequality gap in life expectancy by 0.33 years for men and 0.17 years for women, and variation in age at death by 0.14 years and 0.13 years, respectively. For both measures, the contribution of alcohol to mortality inequalities rose after 2001 and subsequently fell back. For women, alcohol accounted for 3.6% of inequality in age at death and 6.0% of life‐span uncertainty, suggesting that using only the former may underestimate alcohol‐induced inequalities. There was no comparable difference for men.ConclusionsDeaths from alcohol‐specific causes increase inequalities in both life expectancy and variation in age of death between socio‐economic groups. Using both measures can provide a fuller picture of overall inequalities in health.
Polyunsaturated fatty acid‐derived IKs channel activators shorten the QT interval ex‐vivo and in‐vivo
Authors: Skarsfeldt Mark A. , Liin Sara I. , Larsson Hans P. , Bentzen Bo H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimWe aimed to assess the ability of natural and modified polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to shorten QT interval in ex‐vivo and in‐vivo guinea pig hearts.MethodsThe effect of one natural (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) and three modified (linoleoyl glycine [Lin‐GLY], docosahexaenoyl glycine [DHA‐GLY], N‐arachidonoyl taurine [N‐AT]) PUFAs on ventricular action potential duration (APD) and QT interval was studied in a E4031 drug‐induced long QT2 model of ex‐vivo guinea pig hearts. The effect of DHA‐GLY on QT interval was also studied in in‐vivo guinea pig hearts upon intravenous administration. The effect of modified PUFAs on IKs was studied using Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing human KCNQ1 and KCNE1.ResultsAll tested PUFAs shortened ADP and QT interval in ex‐vivo guinea pig hearts, however, with different ability in restoring baseline APD/QT interval with specific modified PUFAs being most efficacious. Despite comparable ability in activating the human KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel, Lin‐GLY was not as effective in shortening APD/QT interval as DHA‐GLY in ex‐vivo hearts. By constructing a guinea pig‐like KCNE1, we found Lin‐GLY to induce less activating effect compared with DHA‐GLY on human KCNQ1 co‐expressed with guinea pig‐like KCNE1. Docosahexaenoyl glycine was studied in more detail and was found to shorten QT interval in in‐vivo guinea pig hearts.ConclusionOur results show that specific PUFAs shorten QT interval in guinea pig hearts. The tendency of modified PUFAs with pronounced IKs channel activating effect to better restore QT interval suggests that modifying PUFAs to target the IKs channel is a means to improve the QT‐shortening effect.
Review article: gastrointestinal features in COVID‐19 and the possibility of faecal transmission
Authors: Tian Yuan , Rong Long , Nian Weidong , He Yan 
Published: March 2020

SummaryBackgroundThere is little published evidence on the gastrointestinal features of COVID‐19.AimsTo report on the gastrointestinal manifestations and pathological findings of patients with COVID‐19, and to discuss the possibility of faecal transmission.MethodsWe have reviewed gastrointestinal features of, and faecal test results in, COVID‐19 from case reports and retrospective clinical studies relating to the digestive system published since the outbreak.ResultsWith an incidence of 3% (1/41)‐79% (159/201), gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID‐19 included anorexia 39.9% (55/138)‐50.2% (101/201), diarrhoea 2% (2/99)‐49.5% (146/295), vomiting 3.6% (5/138)‐66.7% (4/6), nausea 1% (1/99)‐29.4% (59/201), abdominal pain 2.2% (3/138)‐6.0% (12/201) and gastrointestinal bleeding 4% (2/52)‐13.7% (10/73). Diarrhoea was the most common gastrointestinal symptom in children and adults, with a mean duration of 4.1 ± 2.5 days, and was observed before and after diagnosis. Vomiting was more prominent in children. About 3.6% (5/138)‐15.9% (32/201) of adult and 6.5% (2/31)‐66.7% (4/6) of children patients presented vomiting. Adult and children patients can present with digestive symptoms in the absence of respiratory symptoms. The incidence of digestive manifestations was higher in the later than in the early stage of the epidemic, but no differences in digestive symptoms among different regions were found. Among the group of patients with a higher proportion of severe cases, the proportion of gastrointestinal symptoms in severe patients was higher than that in nonsevere patients (anorexia 66.7% vs 30.4%; abdominal pain 8.3% vs 0%); while in the group of patients with a lower severe rate, the proportion with gastrointestinal symptoms was similar in severe and nonsevere cases (nausea and vomiting 6.9% vs 4.6%; diarrhoea 5.8% vs 3.5%). Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and virus nucleocapsid protein were detected in gastrointestinal epithelial cells, and infectious virus particles were isolated from faeces. Faecal PCR testing was as accurate as respiratory specimen PCR detection. In 36% (5/14)‐53% (39/73) faecal PCR became positive, 2‐5 days later than sputum PCR positive. Faecal excretion persisted after sputum excretion in 23% (17/73)‐82% (54/66) patients for 1‐11 days.ConclusionsGastrointestinal symptoms are common in patients with COVID‐19, and had an increased prevalence in the later stage of the recent epidemic in China. SARS‐CoV‐2 enters gastrointestinal epithelial cells, and the faeces of COVID‐19 patients are potentially infectious.
Biotic exchange leaves detectable genomic patterns in the Australian rain forest flora
Authors: Yap Jia‐Yee S. , van der Merwe Marlien , Ford Andrew J. , Henry Robert J. , Rossetto Maurizio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe movement (or invasion) of plant lineages from Sunda (the Malay Archipelago) into Sahul (mainland Australia) has resulted in a present‐day Australian rain forest flora of mixed ancestries. Floristic integration increased during the Quaternary when continental vegetation was subjected to recurrent expansion/contraction cycles. To date, this expansion history has yet to be investigated through multi‐species, landscape‐level genetic analyses within tropical Northern Australia, presumably the main point of contact for Sunda lineages. Here, we characterize and compare the dynamics of 53 species of Sunda and Sahul ancestry co‐distributed across the Australian Tropics and Subtropics. We use whole chloroplast genomic datasets to obtain comparable measures of species‐level diversity and estimate community dynamics through time across multiple rain forest sites. Unlike Sahul‐derived species, Sunda‐derived species show consistently low genomic diversities, with recent accumulation rates for Sunda species being detected across all sites, confirming recent arrival and expansion across eastern Australia. A subset of Sunda‐derived species with continental distributions consistently exhibited highest diversity at the most northerly site sampled, suggesting north to south colonization processes. The same species, however, differed in the levels of genomic differentiation between the Tropics and Subtropics, suggesting that continental expansion occurs at different temporal scales, with some species experiencing a northern time lag before a southern expansion along the east coast of Australia.
Maternal administration of bisphenol A alters the microglial profile in the neocortex of mouse weanlings
Authors: Kagawa Nao , Nagao Tetsuji 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is known to cause abnormal neurogenesis in the developing neocortex. The mechanisms of BPA toxicity concerning neuroinflammatory‐related endpoints are incompletely characterized. To evaluate the microglial morphology and the gene expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the newborn neocortex, ICR mice were exposed to BPA 200 μg/kg/d on gestational day 6 through post‐partum day 21. Weanlings exposed during prenatal and postnatal period to BPA showed an increased number of amoeboid‐type microglia, a microglial differentiation disruption (the M1/M2 microglial ratio), and an abnormal expression of genes encoding pro‐inflammatory factors. These findings suggest that the well‐known neurodevelopmental toxicity of BPA may be related to an increased microglial activation and neuroinflammation in the neocortex.