bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of high endoglucanase yields production from polypore fungus, Microporus xanthopus strain KA038 under solid-state fermentation using green tea waste
Authors: Nguyen Kim Anh , Kumla Jaturong , Suwannarach Nakarin , Penkhrue Watsana , Lumyong Saisamorn 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
Polypores are diverse macrofungi that have been extensively studied for their lignocellulolytic enzyme production capabilities. Currently, these enzymes are being used for many industrial purposes. However, the high cost associated with their production is the main barrier to their broader application. This work aimed to study the optimal medium and conditions for endoglucanase production using solid state fermentation. Seven polypore strains were used for endoglucanase activity screening. The fermentation experiments were carried out in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks with green tea waste as a substrate. Notably, Microporus xanthopus strain KA038 showed the best level of activity (38.62 IU/gds). Various parameters such as moisture content, nitrogen source, initial pH value, inoculum size and incubation time were considered to determine the optimal conditions for endoglucanase production. The optimal medium consisted of green tea leaves as a carbon source, beef extract as an organic nitrogen source, NH4H2PO4 as an inorganic nitrogen source, pH 7.0 and an incubation temperature at 30°C for 4 days resulted in a high enzyme yield with M. xanthopus strain KA038 (81.8 IU/gds).
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Real-Time Monitoring of Low Pressure Oxygen Molecules over Wide Temperature Range: Feasibility of Ultrathin Hybrid Films of Iridium(III) Complexes and Clay Nanosheets
Authors: Sato Hisako , Takimoto Kazuyoshi , Kato Masaru , Nagaoka Shin-ichi , Tamura Kenji , Yamagishi Akihiko 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
An ultrathin film was prepared by hybridizing a cationic Ir(III) complex with exfoliated nanosheets of clay minerals such as natural montmorillonite (denoted by MON) or synthetic saponite (denoted by SAP). The utilized Ir(III) complex with two long alkyl chains was [Ir(dfppy)2(dc9bpy)]+ (fppyH = 2-(2′,4′-difluorophenyl)pyridine; dc9bpy = 4,4′-dinonyl-2,2′-bipyridine) (denoted by DFPPY). Hybridization was performed at an air-water interface between a floating monolayer of the Ir(III) complex and the nanosheets exfoliated in an aqueous subphase. The hybrid floating film thus formed was transferred onto a hydrophilic quartz plate by a vertical dipping method. The emission from the deposited films exhibited rapid reversible change of intensity in response to the introduction or evacuation of oxygen gas in the pressure range of 0.1–101.3 kPa and the temperature range from 253 K to 313 K. The lifetime of the emission decay was measured as a function of oxygen pressure, confirming the occurrence of dynamic quenching of excited Ir(III) complexes by oxygen molecules.
Concentrated Battery Electrolytes: Developing New Functions by Manipulating the Coordination States
Authors: Yamada Yuki 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The basic formula of Li-ion battery electrolytes (i.e., LiPF6 and ethylene carbonate) has remained unchanged ever since commercialization in the early 1990s. However, toward advanced batteries with higher energy density and higher safety, a new electrolyte design that leads to better functions is required. Recently, various new functions have been discovered for highly concentrated electrolytes (over 3 mol dm−3 (M) vs. standard 1 M), which arises from their unique coordination states of ions and solvent molecules. Based on this achievement, the coordination states are increasingly recognized as key to further functionalizing battery electrolytes. This account introduces an electrolyte design based on the coordination states and provides future visions on rechargeable batteries that will be realized thereby.
Self-Diagnosis of Surgical Site Infections: Lessons from a Tertiary Care Centre in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Sajun Sana Z , Albutt Katherine , Moosajee Umme Salama , Drevin Gustaf , Mukhopadhyay Swagoto , Samad Lubna 
Published: November 2019

Background and Objective: Surgical site infections (SSIs) usually manifest post-discharge, rendering accurate diagnosis and treatment challenging, thereby catalyzing the development of alternate strategies like self-monitored SSI surveillance. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of patients and Infection Control Monitors (ICMs) to develop a replicable method of SSI-detection.
Methods: A two-year prospective diagnostic accuracy study was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan between 2015 and 2017. Patients were educated about SSIs and provided with questionnaires to elicit symptoms of SSI during post-discharge self-screening. Results of patient’s self-screening and ICM evaluation at follow-ups were compared to surgeon evaluation.
Results: A total of 348 patients completed the study, among whom 18 (5.5%) developed a SSI. Patient self-screening had a sensitivity of 39%, specificity of 95%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 28%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 97%. ICM evaluation had a sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 99%, PPV of 82%, and NPV of 99%.
Conclusion: Patients cannot self-diagnose a SSI reliably. However, diagnostic accuracy of ICMs is significantly higher and they may serve as a proxy for surgeons, thereby reducing the burden on specialized surgical workforce in LMICs. Regardless, supplementing post-discharge follow-up with patient self-screening could increase SSI-detection and reduce burden on health systems.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1716
How to cite this:Sajun SZ, Albutt K, Moosajee US, Drevin G, Mukhopadhyay S, Samad L. Self-Diagnosis of Surgical Site Infections: Lessons from a tertiary care centre in Karachi, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. Special Supplement ICON 2020. 2020;36(1):S55-S60. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1716
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The role of the poultry industry on kidney and genitourinary health in Pakistan
Authors: Imtiaz Salman , Alam Ashar , Salman Beena 
Published: November 2019

Pakistan is experiencing a “double burden’’ of disease. Under-development is associated with illnesses like infections and nutritional deficiency, and is accompanied with diseases linked with development, such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer and chronic kidney disease. In Pakistan, renal and genitourinary diseases are an important, unaddressed health issues. Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is a recognized form of renal failure in Pakistan. A possible cause of CKDu is toxins such as arsenic, cadmium, lead and other heavy metals associated with renal and genitourinary diseases. The poultry industry is an important source of both heavy metal toxins and also mycotoxins spread in the process of farming. Of the numerous mycotoxins, zearalenone and ochratoxin are well-known for their hazardous effects on genitourinary and renal parenchyma respectively. We reviewed the literature using PubMed and Google Scholar databases for levels of these toxins in various constituents of chicken farming like chicken feed, meat, litter and human drinking water contamination in various parts of the country. We found that these toxins are in higher levels than recommended.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1718
How to cite this:Imtiaz S, Alam A, Salman B. The role of the poultry industry on kidney and genitourinary health in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. Special Supplement ICON 2020. 2020;36(1):S67-S74. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1718
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Retinoblastoma Presentation and Survival: A four-year analysis from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Zia Nida , Ahmer Hamid Ahmer , Iftikhar Sundus , Qadri Muhammad Hamza , Jangda Anzal , Khan Muhammad Rahil 
Published: November 2019

Objective: To study the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of Retinoblastoma (Rb) in a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, The Indus Hospital (TIH), Karachi from 1st June 2013 to 30th June 2017. Data including patients’ demography, clinical symptoms and duration, laterality, extent of the tumor, type of treatment, relapse, and final outcome were extracted and evaluated with respect to progression and survival.
Results: A total of 93 patients were included; 34.4% were boys. The median age at presentation was 30 months. Leukocoria was the commonest symptom (61.3%), followed by proptosis (37.6%). Unilateral disease was seen in 59.1%, extraocular tumors in 43.5% and metastasis in 28.1%. Enucleation was performed on 46.2%, chemotherapy given to 80.6% and external beam radiation therapy to 29.3% patients.
Conclusion: Delayed presentation, recurrent disease, extraocular disease and metastasis on presentation were factors affecting outcome in our cohort. Awareness about the early warning signs and symptoms in both public and health professionals for early recognition and timely management are mandatory to decrease morbidity and mortality.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1720
How to cite this:Zia N, Hamid A, Iftikhar S, Qadri MH, Jangda A, Khan MR. Retinoblastoma Presentation and Survival: A four-year analysis from a tertiary care hospital. Pak J Med Sci. Special Supplement ICON 2020. 2020;36(1):S61-S66. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1720
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abdominal actinomycosis in an elderly diabetic
Authors: Memon Riyasat Ahmed , Shafquat Yusra , Yaqoob Nausheen 
Published: November 2019

Actinomycosis is a rare infectious disease that presents as three entities, cervico-facial, abdominal and genital, with cervico-facial being the commonest. Due to its subacute presentation and indolent course, abdominal actinomycosis is difficult to diagnose and is often confused with malignancy. We present a case of an elderly diabetic with no known other risk factors of the disease with complaints of right sided abdominal swelling and presence of abdominal mass on imaging, diagnosed post operatively as a case of abdominal actinomycosis, on histopathology. Abdominal actinomycosis should be considered in differentials in cases with abdominal masses. Diabetes Mellitus is not an established risk factor for development of abdominal actinomycosis. Studies are required to link its association with the disease.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1724
How to cite this:Memon RA, Shafquat Y, Yaqoob N. Abdominal actinomycosis in an elderly diabetic. Pak J Med Sci. Special Supplement ICON 2020. 2020;36(1):S98-S100. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1724
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Computational wear prediction of insert conformity and material on mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Koh Yong-Gon , Lee Jin-Ah , Lee Hwa-Yong , Kim Hyo-Jeong , Kang Kyoung-Tak 
Published: November 2019

Objectives Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an alternative to total knee arthroplasty with isolated medial or lateral compartment osteoarthritis. However, polyethylene wear can significantly reduce the lifespan of UKA. Different bearing designs and materials for UKA have been developed to change the rate of polyethylene wear. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the effect of insert conformity and material on the predicted wear in mobile-bearing UKA using a previously developed computational wear method. Methods Two different designs were tested with the same femoral component under identical kinematic input: anatomy mimetic design (AMD) and conforming design inserts with different conformity levels. The insert materials were standard or crosslinked ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). We evaluated the contact pressure, contact area, wear rate, wear depth, and volumetric wear under gait cycle loading conditions. Results Conforming design inserts had the lower contact pressure and larger contact area. However, they also had the higher wear rate and volumetric wear. The improved wear performance was found with AMD inserts. In addition, the computationally predicted volumetric wear of crosslinked UHMWPE inserts was less than half that of standard UHMWPE inserts. Conclusion Our results showed that increasing conformity may not be the sole predictor of wear performance; highly crosslinked mobile-bearing polyethylene inserts can also provide improvement in wear performance. These results provide improvements in design and materials to reduce wear in mobile-bearing UKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2019;8:563–569.
História da disciplina escolar Língua Portuguesa em Mato Grosso do Sul (1977-2008)
Authors: Sperandio Daniele Spadotto 
Published: November 2019

A obra “História da Disciplina Escolar Língua Portuguesa em Mato Grosso do Sul (1977-2008) é resultado de uma pesquisa de pós-doutoramento em Educação Escolar pela Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, defendida em 2011, e está fundamentada em rigorosa pesquisa histórica documental, com uma criteriosa análise sobre as políticas curriculares da Língua Portuguesa referente ao período de 1977 a 2008, permeando as transformações ocorridas no ensino dessa disciplina no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. A autora observou a ausência de estudos que abordam a compreensão do passado mais recente, em especial a partir de 1970, de modo que, para delimitação temporal, registra o período de criação do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, em 1977 até 2008, quando constava a proposta curricular vigente no momento da coleta de dados, e para delimitação do corpus, a análise refere-se as quatro últimas séries/ano do 1º grau/ensino fundamental. A autora baseou-se na configuração textual para a análise das propostas curriculares como documento escrito e que abrange uma série de aspectos compreendidos como elementos constitutivos desse documento, independentes se externos ou internos, a saber: quem escreveu, onde, quando, por que, o quê, para quê, para quem e como. Dessa maneira, as propostas curriculares passaram por uma análise sobre a materialidade de seus suportes, compreendendo os aspectos formais das propostas, a autoria, a recepção, as concepções teóricas e as bibliografias consultadas e sugeridas. Para conhecer o conceito de “configuração textual”, ver MORTATTI, Maria do Rosário Longo. Notas sobre linguagem, texto e pesquisa histórica em educação.
ATPASE ERYTHROCYTE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS IN HUMAN BLOOD
Authors: Fedorova E , Nalobina A , Sizov A 
Published: November 2019

Aim. The article deals with establishing the features of ATPase erythrocytes in the athletes of the first and second categories and non-athletes from different age groups. Material and methods. We studied the capillary blood of track-and-field athletes and healthy non-athletes of the same age and anthropometric characteristics (n = 60). Blood analysis was performed with the help of the Dixion hematological analyzer (Russia). The activity of erythrocyte membrane ATPases was studied according to K.S. Keeton. Results. The study revealed significant (p < 0.05) differences in certain (HGB and RBC) hematological blood indicators in participants from different age groups depending on their physical fitness. Age differences between groups are not significant (p > 0.05). The results obtained demonstrate the significantly (p < 0.001) higher values of ATPase activity in the athletes of the first and second categories from various age groups. The increase in Mg2+, Na+, K+-, Mg2+- and Na+, K+-ATPases activity in athletes is connected with more intensive metabolism in this group because transport ATPases participate in the energy supply of training and competition loads. Age-related differences (p < 0.05) in the activity of erythrocyte membrane ATPases in both groups can be possibly connected with the conformation features of erythrocyte membrane protein. The two-factor dispersion analysis revealed that age significantly (Р < 0.001) determined Mg2+, Na+, K+-, Mg2+- and Na+, K+-ATPases erythrocyte membrane activity at 89.15, 87.46, and 81.40 % respectively; physical activity at 96.19, 95.45 and 93.80 % respectively. Conclusion. General physical fitness and age can be considered as the factors determining the activity of erythrocyte membrane ATPases.
FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF THE CHILDREN WITH REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Zhigalo V , Litvin F , Bulavkina T , Dubogryzova I , Stanishevskaya T 
Published: November 2019

Aim. The article deals with studying the dynamics of a functional status in young football players aged 10–11 based on the typological features of vegetative heart rhythm regulation and individual reactivity to physical load. Materials and Methods. 28 boys regularly attending a football section participated in the study. We studied the dynamics of their functional status by using the mathematical analysis of heart rate data. HRV data were processed and interpreted with the help of the ‘Varicard 2.51’ equipment and ‘Eskim-6’ program (Axion). The study was conducted at the beginning and at the end of the training year. All participants belonged to the 2nd year group of initial preparation. Results. We revealed three of four existing types of vegetative heart rhythm regulation. More than half of children are characterized by a moderate or pronounced predominance of the central regulatory mechanism. It is shown that after a four-month training in the football section, the number of children with a moderate predominance of the autonomous regulatory mechanism is increasing. We registered a significant increase in the parameters reflecting the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system. For example, RMSSD increases by 71% (р < 0.05), HF by 116% (р < 0.05). The decrease of tension in regulatory systems is proved by an increase in the total power (TP) by 35 % and a decrease in the Stress Index (SI) by 62 % (р < 0.05). We also registered a simultaneous decrease in the number of football players with the predominance of the central regulatory mechanism. Conclusion. We revealed increased resistivity to physical load in young football players with the predominance of autonomous regulation. We demonstrated the need for an individual approach to adjusting physical load concerning the genetic predisposition of heart regulation.
The effectiveness of the choice of criteria on the stationary and non-stationary noise removal in the phonocardiogram (PCG) signal using discrete wavelet transform
Authors: Rouis Mohamed , Sbaa Salim , Benhassine Nasser Edinne 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The greatest problem with recording heart sounds is parasitic noise effects. A reasonable solution to reduce noise can be carried out by minimization of extraneous noises in the vicinity of the patient during recording, in addition to the methods of signal processing that must be effective in noisy environments. Wavelet transform has become an essential tool for many applications, but its effectiveness is influenced by main parameters. Determination of mother wavelet function and decomposition level (DL) are important key factors to demonstrate the advantages of wavelet denoising. So, selection of optimal mother wavelet with DL is a main challenge to current algorithms. The principal aim of this study was the choice of an appropriate criterion for finding the optimal DL and the optimal mother wavelet function according to four criteria which are: signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), mean square error (MSE), percentage root-mean-square difference (PRD) and the structure similarity index measure (SSIM) for testing the robustness of the proposed algorithm. The proposed method is applied to the PCG signal contaminated with four colored noise types, in addition to the Gaussian noise. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in reducing noise from the noisy PCG signals, especially at a low SNR.
Kyararevisited: The pre-narrative character-state of Japanese character theory
Authors: Wilde Lukas R.A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article proposes to take a closer look at a variety of contemporary Japanese “character” franchises which cannot be accounted for if the entities in question are primarily understood with reference to diegetic worlds or stories. Rather, virtual idols like Hatsune Miku, fictional mascots like Kumamon, or notorious product placement figures such as Hello Kitty all seem to circulate mostly on non-narrative artifacts such as clothes, office supplies, or decontextualized artworks, and within mediated performances such as stage musicals, cosplay, or public appearances in full-body suits. They are nevertheless quite typical for the Japanese “media mix” franchising model, designed to allow for user-level reshuffling and reenactment. Such “characters without stories,” orkyara,are thus best understood as “mediated performers,” as fictional actors that can take on any fictional role attributed to them within the participatory cultures and collective creations of fan manga (dōjinshi), fan artworks, or even cosplay. Theorists such as Itō (2005) or Azuma (2009) therefore differentiate sharply betweenkyarakutāundkyara,the latter being a pre- or meta-narrative “nodal point” for diverging games of make-believe.Kyaracan just as easily beenactedandperformedas they can be brought back into narrative (kyarakutā) contexts. The following article relates and contrast these notions to international (“Western”) character theories and argues for their relevance beyond “exotic” Japanese contexts.