bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent progress in Bi2WO6‐Based photocatalysts for clean energy and environmental remediation: Competitiveness, challenges, and future perspectives
Authors: Zhu Zheng , Wan Shipeng , Zhao Yunxia , Qin Yong , Ge Xinlei , Zhong Qin , Bu Yunfei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe efficient utilization of photocatalytic technology is essential for clean energy and environmental remediation. Bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6), an appealing Aurivillius phase perovskite, has arisen widespread attention as a visible light responsive photocatalyst applied in environment due to its low cost, nontoxicity, modifiable morphology, and outstanding optical and chemical properties. Nevertheless, the photocatalytic activity of pure Bi2WO6 is unsatisfactory because of its relative small specific surface area, poor quantum yield, and the rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers. Therefore, many strategies, namely, morphological control, dopant or defect introduction, metal deposition, semiconductor combination and surface modification by carbon‐based materials with conjugated π‐structures, have been systematically studied to enhance the photocatalytic performance of Bi2WO6 in the past few years. In order to better explore and study the application of bismuth‐based perovskite oxides in the field of photocatalysis, this review summarizes the recent research progress on Bi2WO6‐based photocatalysts. Moreover, in terms of the improved photocatalytic activity of Bi2WO6‐based photocatalysts, three main applications, including water splitting, pollutants removal, and CO2 reduction, are introduced in detail and critically reviewed. Eventually, the prospects, opportunities, and challenges of Bi2WO6‐based photocatalysts are pointed out. This comprehensive review is expected to put forward valuable suggestions for designing of Bi2WO6‐based photocatalysts applied in clean energy production and environmental remediation on the premise of consolidating the existing theoretical basis of photocatalysis.
Evaluation of interrater reliability of different muscle segmentation techniques in diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Forsting Johannes , Rehmann Robert , Rohm Marlena , Froeling Martijn , Schlaffke Lara 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionMuscle diffusion tensor imaging (mDTI) is a quantitative MRI technique that can provide information about muscular microstructure and integrity. Ultrasound and DTI studies have shown intramuscular differences, and therefore separation of different muscles for analysis is essential. The commonly used methods to assess DTI metrics in muscles are manual segmentation and tract‐based analysis. Recently methods such as volume‐based tractography have been applied to optimize muscle architecture estimation, but can also be used to assess DTI metrics.PurposeTo evaluate diffusion metrics obtained using three different methods—volume‐based tractography, manual segmentation‐based analysis and tract‐based analysis—with respect to their interrater reliability and their ability to detect intramuscular variance.Materials and methods30 volunteers underwent an MRI examination in a 3 T scanner using a 16‐channel Torso XL coil. Diffusion‐weighted images were acquired to obtain DTI metrics. These metrics were evaluated in six thigh muscles using volume‐based tractography, manual segmentation and standard tractography. All three methods were performed by two independent raters to assess interrater reliability by ICC analysis and Bland‐Altman plots. Ability to assess intramuscular variance was compared using an ANOVA with muscle as a between‐subjects factor.ResultsInterrater reliability for all methods was found to be excellent. The highest interrater reliability was found for volume‐based tractography (ICC ≥ 0.967). Significant differences for the factor muscle in all examined diffusion parameters were shown in muscles using all methods (main effect p < 0.001).ConclusionsDiffusion data can be assessed by volume tractography, standard tractography and manual segmentation with high interrater reliability. Each method produces different results for the investigated DTI parameters. Volume‐based tractography was superior to conventional manual segmentation and tractography regarding interrater reliability and detection of intramuscular variance, while tract‐based analysis showed the lowest coefficients of variation.
Psychometric properties of the Persian version of Instrument of Professional Attitude for Student Nurses (IPASN)
Authors: Eghbali Mohammad , Bandari Razieh , Heravi‐Karimooi Majideh , Ghaesemzadeh Fariba , Montazeri Ali 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate nursing students’ professionalism attitude, it is necessary to use a validated and reliable instrument.DesignThis study aimed to develop the Persian version of the eight‐dimensional professionalism attitude questionnaire for student nurses (Instrument of Professional Attitude for Student Nurses).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study during March to April 2017, after being translated into Persian and receiving experts’ comments face, content, and construct validity of the questionnaire were sought among nursing students. Internal consistency reliability was examined by estimating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and stability was estimated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficinet.ResultsA total of 750 students with an average age of 24.15 (SD = 1.32) years participated in the study. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the construct of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the entire instrument was 0.89 and more than 0.70 for all dimensions.Also the intraclass correlation coefficient for the questionnaire was found to be 0.92, well above acceptable threshold. The findings approved that the Iranian version of Instrument of Professional Attitude for Student Nurses is a reliable and valid questionnaire. Hence, using this questionnaire to conduct studies is recommended.
Job demands and functional resources moderating assistant and Registered Nurses' intention to leave
Authors: Eriksson Andrea , Jutengren Göran , Dellve Lotta 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo investigate how job demands and resources interact with each other to predict intention to leave among assistant nurses and Registered Nurses.DesignLongitudinal study.MethodsQuestionnaire data were collected yearly during three years (October 2012–December 2014) from Registered Nurses (RN) and assistant nurses (N = 840) employed in Swedish hospitals. Associations and interaction effects of demands and resources were assessed with correlation analyses and regression models.ResultsJob demands predicted assistant nurses' intentions to leave, while resources predicted RNs' intention to leave. For RNs, several resources were functional in moderating the associations between demands and intention to leave: social support, vertical trust, and humanity moderated work pace and workflow moderated emotional demands. For assistant nurses, organizational clarity and interprofessional collaboration moderated emotional demands. None of the resources had a moderating effect on the associations between quantitative demands or illegitimate tasks and intention to leave.
An efficient numerical approach for fractional multidimensional diffusion equations with exponential memory
Authors: Singh Jagdev , Kumar Devendra , Purohit Sunil Dutt , Mishra Aditya Mani , Bohra Mahesh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this article, we suggest a numerical approach based on q‐homotopy analysis Elzaki transform method (q‐HAETM) to solve fractional multidimensional diffusion equations which represents density dynamics in a material undergoing diffusion. We take the noninteger derivative in the Caputo–Fabrizio kind. The proposed method, q‐HAETM is an advanced adaptation in q‐HAM and Elzaki transform method which makes mathematical calculation very effective additionally more accurate. Since, in classical perturbation scheme, the scheme restricted to the small parameter whereas the q‐HAETM is not restricted to the small parameter. By theoretical and numerical evaluation it is observed that q‐HAETM yields an analytical solution in the form of a convergent series. By taking three examples and applying q‐HAETM, the numerical results reveal that the suggested method is straightforward to apply and computationally very effective.
Role of bone marrow biopsy for staging new patients with Ewing sarcoma: A systematic review
Authors: Campbell Kevin M. , Shulman David S. , Grier Holcombe E. , DuBois Steven G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe incidence of bone marrow metastasis (BMM) in newly diagnosed Ewing sarcoma (ES) is variable across studies. An optimal staging strategy for detecting BMM is not defined. While bone marrow (BM) biopsy and/or aspirate (BMBA) have been the gold standard, [F‐18]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) to detect BMM may decrease reliance on BMBA. We conducted a systematic review to assess incidence of BMM and the role of FDG‐PET. We observed a pooled incidence of BMM by BMBA of 4.8% in all newly diagnosed ES patients and 17.5% among patients with metastatic disease. Only 1.2% of patients had BMM as their sole metastatic site. FDG‐PET detection of BMM compared to BMBA demonstrated pooled 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity, positive predictive value of 75%, and negative predictive value of 100%. In the era of FDG‐PET imaging, omission of BMBA may be considered in patients with otherwise localized disease after initial staging studies.
Design of heat‐triggered shape memory polymers based on ethylene‐acrylic acid copolymer/nitrile‐butadiene rubber thermoplastic vulcanizates
Authors: Sun Yingtao , Hua Jing , Wang Zhaobo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHeat‐triggered shape memory polymers (HSMPs) consisting of ethylene‐acrylic acid copolymer (EAA) and nitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) were fabricated by peroxide‐induced dynamic vulcanization; meanwhile, in order to realize rapid and reconfigurable shape fixity and shape recovery, a facile and effective strategy was designed. Morphological structure and interface interaction are decisive factors for HSMPs, the FE‐SEM images showed the average diameter of NBR particles in EAA/NBR TPVs was 5 to 8 μm and the strong interface interaction between EAA matrix and NBR particles provided critical assistance in keeping the temporary shape of deformed rubber particles and storing stronger elastic driving force. The shape memory behavior of EAA/NBR TPVs was characterized and the result demonstrated that excellent shape‐fixity (>91%), shape‐recovery (>93%), and fast recovery speed (<30 s) could be obtained at suitable deformation temperature of 95°C. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis and shape memory research showed that the high modulus value supported the improvement of shape‐fixity ratio and the appropriate ratios of EAA/NBR TPVs were the key factors for excellent shape memory performance. The novel HSMPs expected to open up potential applications in the field of sensors and self‐assembling smart devices.
Short self‐assembling peptides with a urea bond: A new type of supramolecular peptide hydrogel materials
Authors: Tsutsumi Hiroshi , Tanaka Kunifumi , Chia Jyh Yea , Mihara Hisakazu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThere is an increasing need to develop short self‐assembling peptides (SAPs) that can form hydrogels for cell engineering and biomedical applications. In this study, we proposed new short self‐assembling peptides with a symmetric structure via a urea bond. (FFiO)2 and (FFiK)2 were designed as amphiphilic peptides with a hydrophobic domain inside of zwitterionic hydrophilic ends and a urea bond embedded in the hydrophobic domain. The two peptides were synthesized by a liquid‐phase method. The simple structural design of these peptides makes their synthesis on a large scale possible. Both (FFiO)2 and (FFiK)2 assembled into β‐sheet structure and formed stable hydrogels under physiological pH conditions in a pH‐responsive manner. The urea bond was important for the formation of transparent hydrogels. Since (FFiK)2 exhibited self‐assembling properties superior to those of (FFiO)2, (FFiK)2 hydrogels were used as scaffolds for cell culture. (FFiK)2 hydrogels supported cell proliferation without significant cytotoxicity. Therefore, (FFiK)2 is a beneficial supramolecular peptide hydrogelator for cell engineering.
An evaluation of the incremental impact of math intervention on early literacy performance
Authors: Nelson Peter M. , Klingbeil David A. , Parker David C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study examined spring literacy scores among at‐risk prekindergarten students exposed to supplemental support solely in literacy or a combination of literacy and math. Propensity scores were used to match students receiving combined support (n = 39) with an equivalent number of students receiving only literacy tutoring. Students were matched using fall math scores and fall literacy scores. After confirming baseline equivalence, we used a multilevel model to evaluate the association between support type and spring literacy scores, controlling for fall literacy scores, fall numeracy scores, and the total number of intervention sessions completed. In addition to a significant and positive association between fall and spring scores, students who received support in both literacy and math scored significantly better on the spring literacy assessment. More specifically, participating in both literacy and math support was associated with a 23.81 increase in spring literacy scores relative to participating in literacy support alone, explaining 5% of the student‐level variance.
Tree Forensics: Modern DNA barcoding and traditional anatomy identify roots threatening an ancient necropolis
Authors: Jakoby Gilad , Rog Ido , Shtein Ilana , Chashmonay Inbar , Ben‐Yosef Dror , Eshel Amram , Klein Tamir 
Published: November 2020

Societal Impact StatementAncient burial caves represent some of the most important sources of information on human history. In a world heritage site in Israel, such caves are under threat due to tree root growth penetrating from the ceilings and causing a risk of cave collapse. To facilitate historical conservation, while avoiding cutting of the mixed forest above the caves, we identified the tree species responsible for the damage, facilitating their specific cutting. Accurate identification of tree roots balances the needs to protect human structures on one side, while conserving the majority of vegetation on the other. Our approach is applicable to the management of ancient sites, as well as to urban management more broadly.SummaryTree roots have penetrated the ceiling of burial caves in a ~1,800‐years‐old necropolis in the Galilee, Israel, damaging the antiquities and risking the catacombs with collapse. Root identification was needed to enable selective cutting (at the species level), facilitating the conservation of the world heritage site, while maintaining the majority of trees growing on top of the burial caves.Samples of roots penetrating the cave ceilings were collected and identified both by using DNA barcoding, which has become a standard method for the reliable identification of organisms in their natural environment, and also by traditional morpho‐anatomical methods.However, woody plant species of the Mediterranean region are under‐represented in DNA databases. Therefore, we added relevant species to the ITS2 database by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)2 of the 18S‐26S rDNA from sampled leaves of 19 woody species of the Mediterranean maquis.The identification of these tree species facilitated their selective removal, balancing antiquities, and nature conservation needs.
Mechanistic insight into ligand‐promoted C–H alkenylation of arenes with alkynes: A computational study
Authors: Wu Weirong , Hou Hua , Yang Yan , Li Tingzhen 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe ligand‐promoted palladium‐catalyzed arylation of alkynes with arenes without directing group is able to furnish alkenyl chlorides via a 1,4‐chlorine migration or trisubstituted alkenes. This reaction is challenging due to bidentate N, N ligand and electron‐neutral arenes have rarely been reported to afford good yields. Intrigued by the novel strategy, we carried out density functional theory calculations to unravel the ligand effects and origins of substituent‐controlled chemoselectivity of the C–H functionalization reactions. For the n‐propyl‐substituted alkyne system, CMD process is identified as the rate‐determining step. And the chemoselectivity is controlled by oxidative addition with the C–Cl bond cleavage and protonation process. While for 3,5‐dimethylphenyl‐substituented alkyne system, the dominant pathway turns to the protonation process. The electrostatic attractions, repulsive force and aryl substituent effects jointly result in reverse chemoselectivity. Compared with the L2 ligand, the bidentate ligand L1 reacts with palladium acetate to form a different stable square‐planer species. The steric repulsion are found to be mainly responsible for the absence of products using the L2 ligand, which is different from previous reports.
Fisher information of a vector potential for time‐dependent Feinberg–Horodecki equation
Authors: Onate Clement A. , Onyeaju Michael C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe time‐dependent Feinberg–Horodecki equation in the presence of a special Mie‐type pseudoharmonic potential was solved and the quantized momentum with the corresponding wave functions were obtained with the supersymmetric approach. The Fisher information for both the time and the momentum space were calculated via expectation values of time and momentum. The effect of the dissociation energy, the equilibrium time point and the quantum number respectively on the Fisher information were studied in detail. The result was applied to five molecules. The results obtained for the time‐dependent Feinberg–Horodecki equation followed the trend of the results obtained for the time‐independent Schrödinger equation.
A systematic meta‐analysis of immune signatures in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Liu Kun , Yang Tong , Peng Xue‐Fang , Lv Shou‐Ming , Ye Xiao‐lei , Zhao Tian‐Shuo , Li Jia‐Chen , Shao Zhong‐Jun , Lu Qing‐Bin , Li Jing‐Yun , Liu Wei 
Published: November 2020

SummaryCurrently severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) transmission has been on the rise worldwide. Predicting outcome in COVID‐19 remains challenging, and the search for more robust predictors continues. We made a systematic meta‐analysis on the current literature from 1 January 2020 to 15 August 2020 that independently evaluated 32 circulatory immunological signatures that were compared between patients with different disease severity was made. Their roles as predictors of disease severity were determined as well. A total of 149 distinct studies that evaluated ten cytokines, four antibodies, four T cells, B cells, NK cells, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils were included. Compared with the non‐severe patients of COVID‐19, serum levels of Interleukins (IL)‐2, IL‐2R, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10 and tumor necrosis factor α were significantly up‐regulated in severe patients, with the largest inter‐group differences observed for IL‐6 and IL‐10. In contrast, IL‐5, IL‐1β and Interferon (IFN)‐γ did not show significant inter‐group difference. Four mediators of T cells count, including CD3+ T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, CD4+CD25+CD127‐ Treg, together with CD19+ B cells count and CD16+CD56+ NK cells were all consistently and significantly depressed in severe group than in non‐severe group. SARS‐CoV‐2 specific IgA and IgG antibodies were significantly higher in severe group than in non‐severe group, while IgM antibody in the severe patients was slightly lower than those in the non‐severe patients, and IgE antibody showed no significant inter‐group differences. The combination of cytokines, especially IL‐6 and IL‐10, and T cell related immune signatures can be used as robust biomarkers to predict disease severity following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Extensive Mucocutaneous, Oesophageal and Otic Lichen Planus Secondary to Nivolumab Therapy
Authors: Ferguson L. , Ho B. , Weir J. , Francis N. , West K. , Rathbone B. , Larkin J. , Heelan K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We report a 73-year-old female with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who developed a widespread lichenoid reaction following nivolumab treatment. The timeline of the reaction strongly correlated with the nivolumab treatment and subsequent cessation. Our patient had cutaneous, mucosal, otic, ophthalmic and oesophageal involvement, demonstrating the potentially extensive nature of lichenoid reactions to anti-programmed cell death receptor-1 (anti-PD1) therapies. Although lichenoid reactions to anti-PD1 therapies are now well recognized, there have been no previous reports of otic or oesophageal involvement in the literature. Although cutaneous lichenoid reactions do not tend to be severe or treatment limiting, more widespread systemic lichenoid reactions are challenging to manage, particularly in the context of malignancy. This very unusual case highlights the importance of considering involvement beyond the skin in all lichenoid skin reactions.
Directed coping: A key to coping effectively?
Authors: Wright Robert R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDirected coping, or the use of fewer coping strategies, represents attempts of the individual to effectively cope with stressors. As individuals engage in this process, health and wellness (e.g., physical and mental) generally improve, suggesting directed coping may be an effective technique. However, little specific information is known about the directed coping construct beyond the results of the single study by Wright et al. among nurses dealing with work stressors. Therefore, the current study seeks to examine the directed coping construct in more depth. Following a pre/post study design, 611 undergraduate students participated in a health behaviour change program, completing an online questionnaire regarding their health, wellness and general life stressors as well as an in‐person physical health assessment before and after the 6‐week program. Consistent with hypotheses, directed coping was associated with and predictive of improved health and wellness subjectively (e.g., affect and stress) and objectively (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure and grip strength) relative to coping with general life stressors. Moreover, directed coping demonstrated stability over time and was related to personality characteristics. Thus, the results suggest directed coping is an effective method of coping and may be stable across situations.