bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract P325: Cardiometabolic Factors Associated With Alcohol Use; The New Orleans Alcohol Use In Hiv Study
Authors: Ferguson Tekeda F , Simon Liz , Theall Katherine , Welsh David , Molina Patricia E 
Published: March 2020

As people living with HIV (PLWH) live longer, morbidity and mortality related to chronic illness specifically, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has increased. HIV disease has been associated with hypertension (HTN) and dyslipidemia, which are risk factors for developing CVD. The objective of this study was to determine whether heavy alcohol use among PLWH is associated with increased risk of HTN, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome (MS). To investigate this hypothesis we analyzed data from the New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV (NOAH) Study. Alcohol use was assessed with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Timeline Follow Back (TLFB) Calendar, a Lifetime Drinking History, and the biomarker, Phosphatidylethanol (PEth). HTN stage 1, was defined as a mean systolic 130-139 or diastolic blood pressure 80-89 mmHg; HTN stage 2 as a systolic ≥140 or diastolic ≥ 90 mmHg. MS was defined as having 3 of 5 conditions: HTN, low high-density lipoproteins (≤40 (men)/50 (women)), high triglycerides (≥ 150mg/dl), high glucose (≥100 mg/dl), waist circumference >88(women)/102(men). The NOAH study cohort (n=365) is majority African American (83.6%), mean age 48.2 ±10.4, 68.8% male and 31.2% female. Descriptive statistics and multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed stratifying by sex and adjusting for age, race, smoking, and viral load. Approximately, 41.3% had an AUDIT ≥8 and 14.0% were hazardous drinkers (greater than 40 (women)/60 (men) grams of alcohol per day). MS was prevalent in 36.1%, stage 2 HTN 66.0%, 9.3% with hyperglycemia (>125mg/dl), 23.0% had elevated creatinine, and 27.4% were obese. Creatinine was positively associated with LDH and PEth (p-value <0.04). TLFB grams of alcohol had a positive linear association with glucose among men (beta=0.0033; p=0.0035). LDH was associated with two-fold increase odds of MS (OR=2.69; 95% C.I.: 1.18 - 9.58) with sex as an effect modifier. AUDIT score ≥8 was not a significant predictor of hypertension, dyslipidemia, or MS in adjusted models. Our preliminary results indicate that lifetime drinking history was more associated with increased cardiometabolic risk than recent drinking. As PLWH are living longer, hazardous and chronic alcohol use is a lifestyle choice that has clinical relevance and has to be addressed in the chronic care model of treatment in PLWH.
(Supported by: NIH P60AA009803)
Abstract P472: Addressing Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease in South Asian San Joaquin Population
Authors: Siddiqui Maha 
Published: March 2020

Introduction:
South Asians have a higher death rate than any other population for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and high blood pressure (HBP). San Joaquin has a growing rate of South Asians immigrants who may be at risk for CVD.

Objectives:
Trainees conducted hypertension and CVD screenings at South Asians religious organizations to reduce the risk of CVD and spread awareness about the factors that lead to CVD and its implications in the South Asians population due to environmental racism in the most underserved county for health care, San Joaquin.

Methods:
I trained low-income minority high school students to conduct weekly blood pressure screenings and serve as a health technology coach by each student monitoring 2 hypertensive patients of 48 hypertensive or at risk hypertensive and low-income San Joaquin residents and constantly stressed, and at risk for CVD. CVD screenings were conducted at all San Joaquin gurdwaras and mosques to spread awareness about heart health and track hypertension in the South Asians community.

Findings:
-61.7% of the South Asian population of San Joaquin are at risk for CVD

-3.3% of the South Asian population of San Joaquin are hypotensive
-28.6% of the South Asian population of San Joaquin are Stage 1 hypertensive
-29.7% of the South Asian population of San Joaquin are Stage 2 hypertensive
-38.3% of the South Asian population of San Joaquin have normal blood pressure but consume red meat more than 4 times a month

Direct Outcomes of Events:

-Development of self-advocacy in the South Asian community. Community members became activists for their own heart health.
-Increased participation of youth, in an otherwise adult dominant environment (i.e. the mosques and gurdwaras).
-Increased awareness of CVD, hypertension, hypotension, and periodontal disease (PD) among the South Asian community.
-Increased participation by youth and adults on activities such as games, challenges and information booths dispensing awareness on CVD and PD.
-Increased interaction between community members of different religions, creed, and socioeconomic backgrounds.
-Awareness, education among the South Asian community for better heart and oral health
-Diagnoses and referrals of suspected cases of hypertension and CVD
-Improved patient-provider trust
-San Joaquin high school students trained for community outreach events and determined to address CVD.
-Youth learned the value of empathy, multiculturalism, and service to disadvantaged communities through the program and volunteering.
Abstract P536: Healthy for Life: A Health Promotion Model Improving Confidence and Dietary Behaviors
Authors: Yuan Meg D , Gavras Heather , Barnes Olivia , Poudel Remy 
Published: March 2020

Introduction:
Poor diet is the leading risk factor for death globally. Community-based programs can have a positive impact on promoting healthy dietary attitudes and behaviors. The American Heart Association and Aramark’s initiative,
Healthy for Life 20 by 20
aims to change food and health confidence and behaviors, equipping individuals with new skills for healthy living. The program includes healthy cooking demonstrations, hands-on skills practice and nutrition and heart health workshops.

Objectives:
To examine the effectiveness of the Healthy for Life program over time, specifically:

-Changes in participant confidence in the preparation of healthy foods at home
-Changes in participant consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
-Changes in participant frequency of healthy shopping habits

Methods:
A community engagement program was implemented and evaluated in 22 community centers. Sessions were focused on enhancement of confidence and behaviors around healthy shopping, cooking and consumption. Two delivery methods were offered: 10 classes over 24 weeks or 4 classes over 8-12 weeks. Community center facilitators administered the same paper survey to participants at the first educational experience, and then again at the final experience or every 3 months following the first educational experience.

Results:
Analysis was conducted with 418 participants to measure change in healthy behaviors and confidence over time. Participants were predominately female (83%), 55 or older (55.9%), African American (68.4%) and non-Hispanic (81.6%). About half (44.7%) had a college degree or higher, nearly a fifth (17.9%) received benefits from SNAP and almost half (48.3%) indicated they are the only person in their household preparing meals. Almost half (42%) of respondents attended 4 or more educational experiences. On average, respondents statistically significantly increased their daily fruit & vegetable consumption by .43 serving(s). After taking classes, 119 of 394 (30.2%) respondents increased their level of confidence to prepare healthy meals at home and 128 of 379 (33.8%) respondents increased their level of confidence to substitute healthier cooking and food preparation methods. Similarly, 120 of 385 (31.2%) respondents reported increased frequency of reading food labels and checking the nutritional values when purchasing food.

Conclusions:
The Healthy for Life community program involving a skills-based format can be an effective health promotion model in improving confidence and dietary behaviors over time. However, additional research studies are required to further assess the long-term health impacts of this type of intervention.
Myocardial Edema, Myocyte Injury, and Disease Severity in Fabry Disease
Authors: Augusto João B. , Nordin Sabrina , Vijapurapu Ravi , Baig Shanat , Bulluck Heerajnarain , Castelletti Silvia , Alfarih Mashael , Knott Kristopher , Captur Gabriella , Kotecha Tushar , Ramaswami Uma , Tchan Michel , Geberhiwot Tarekegn , Fontana Marianna , Steeds Richard P. , Hughes Derralynn , Kozor Rebecca , Moon James C. 
Published: March 2020

Background:
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance can demonstrate myocardial processes in Fabry disease (FD), such as low native T1 (sphingolipid storage) and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE, scar). Recently, high T2 (edema) has been observed in the basal inferolateral wall along with troponin elevation. We hypothesized that edema and myocyte injury would be chronically associated and have electrical, mechanical, and disease associations in FD.

Methods:
A prospective international multicenter study was conducted on 186 consecutive FD patients (45.2±1.1 years, 58% females). Additionally, 28 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 30 with chronic myocardial infarction and 59 healthy volunteers were included. All study participants underwent comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance with T1 and T2 mapping, cines, and LGE imaging.

Results:

LGE in the basal inferolateral wall in FD had T2 elevation (FD 58.2±5.0 ms versus hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 55.6±4.3 ms, chronic myocardial infarction 53.7±3.4 ms and healthy volunteers 48.9±2.5 ms,
P
<0.001), but when LGE was present there was also global T2 elevation (53.1±2.9 versus 50.6±2.2 ms,
P
<0.001). Thirty-eight percent of FD patients had high troponin. The strongest predictor of increased troponin was high basal inferolateral wall T2 (odds ratio, 18.2 [95% CI, 3.7–90.9],
P
<0.0001). Both T2 and troponin elevations were chronic over 1 year. High basal inferolateral wall T2 was associated with baseline global longitudinal strain impairment (
P
=0.005) and electrocardiographic abnormalities (long PR, complete bundle branch block, left ventricular hypertrophy voltage criteria, long QTc, and T-wave inversion, all
P
<0.05) and predicted clinical worsening after 1 year (Fabry stabilization index >20%,
P
=0.034).

Conclusions:
LGE in Fabry has chronic local T2 elevation that is strongly associated with chronic troponin elevation. In addition, there is slight global T2 elevation. Both are associated with ECG and mechanical changes and clinical worsening over 1 year.
Platelet Inhibition, Endothelial Function, and Clinical Outcome in Patients Presenting With ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Randomized to Ticagrelor Versus Prasugrel Maintenance Therapy: Long‐Term Follow‐Up of the REDUCE‐MVI Trial
Authors: van der Hoeven Nina W. , Janssens Gladys N. , Everaars Henk , Nap Alexander , Lemkes Jorrit S. , de Waard Guus A. , van de Ven Peter M. , van Rossum Albert C. , Escaned Javier , Mejia‐Renteria Hernan , ten Cate Tim J. F. , Piek Jan J. , von Birgelen Clemens , Valgimigli Marco , Diletti Roberto , Riksen Niels P. , Van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Nijveldt Robin , van Leeuwen Maarten A. H. , van Royen Niels 
Published: March 2020

Background

Off‐target properties of ticagrelor might reduce microvascular injury and improve clinical outcome in patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction. The
REDUCE
‐
MVI
(Evaluation of Microvascular Injury in Revascularized Patients with ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Ticagrelor Versus Prasugrel) trial reported no benefit of ticagrelor regarding microvascular function at 1 month. We now present the follow‐up data up to 1.5 years.

Methods and Results

We randomized 110 patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction to either ticagrelor 90 mg twice daily or prasugrel 10 mg once a day. Platelet inhibition and peripheral endothelial function measurements including calculation of the reactive hyperemia index and clinical follow‐up were obtained up to 1.5 years. Major adverse clinical events and bleedings were scored. An intention to treat and a per‐protocol analysis were performed. There were no between‐group differences in platelet inhibition and endothelial function. At 1 year the reactive hyperemia index in the ticagrelor group was 0.66±0.26 versus 0.61±0.28 in the prasugrel group (
P
=0.31). Platelet inhibition was lower at 1 month versus 1 year in the total study population (61% [42%–81%] versus 83% [61%–95%];
P
<0.001), and per‐protocol platelet inhibition was higher in patients randomized to ticagrelor versus prasugrel at 1 year (91% [83%–97%] versus 82% [65%–92%];
P
=0.002). There was an improvement in intention to treat endothelial function in patients randomized to ticagrelor (
P
=0.03) but not in patients randomized to prasugrel (
P
=0.88). Major adverse clinical events (10% versus 14%;
P
=0.54) and bleedings (47% versus 63%;
P
=0.10) were similar in the intention‐to‐treat analysis in both groups.

Conclusions
Platelet inhibition at 1 year was higher in the ticagrelor group, without an accompanying increase in bleedings. Endothelial function improved over time in ticagrelor patients, while it did not change in the prasugrel group.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/
. Unique Identifier:
NCT
02422888.
Dynamics and Predictability of Hemispheric-Scale Multidecadal Climate Variability in an Observationally Constrained Mechanistic Model
Authors: Kravtsov Sergey 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper addresses the dynamics of internal hemispheric-scale multidecadal climate variability by postulating an energy-balance (EBM) model comprising two deep-ocean oscillators in the Atlantic and Pacific basins, coupled through their surface mixed layers via atmospheric teleconnections. This system is linear and driven by the atmospheric noise. Two sets of the EBM model parameters are developed by fitting the EBM-based mixed-layer temperature covariance structure to best mimic basin-average North Atlantic/Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) covariability in either observations or control simulations of comprehensive climate models within the CMIP5 project. The differences between the dynamics underlying the observed and CMIP5-simulated multidecadal climate variability and predictability are encapsulated in the algebraic structure of the two EBM model versions so obtained: EBMCMIP5 and EBMOBS. The multidecadal variability in EBMCMIP5 is overall weaker and amounts to a smaller fraction of the total SST variability than in EBMOBS, pointing to a lower potential decadal predictability of virtual CMIP5 climates relative to that of the actual climate. The EBMCMIP5 decadal hemispheric teleconnections (and, by inference, those in CMIP5 models) are largely controlled by the variability of the Pacific, in which the ocean, due to its large thermal and dynamical memory, acts as a passive integrator of atmospheric noise. By contrast, EBMOBS features a stronger two-way coupling between the Atlantic and Pacific multidecadal oscillators, thereby suggesting the existence of a hemispheric-scale and, perhaps, global multidecadal mode associated with internal ocean dynamics. The inferred differences between the observed and CMIP5 simulated climate variability stem from a stronger communication between the deep ocean and surface processes implicit in the observational data.
Evaluation of V05 Precipitation Estimates from GPM Constellation Radiometers Using KuPR as the Reference
Authors: You Yalei , Petkovic Veljko , Tan Jackson , Kroodsma Rachael , Berg Wesley , Kidd Chris , Peters-Lidard Christa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study assesses the level-2 precipitation estimates from 10 radiometers relative to Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Ku-band precipitation radar (KuPR) in two parts. First, nine sensors—four imagers [Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) and three Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounders (SSMISs)] and five sounders [Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) and four Microwave Humidity Sounders (MHSs)]—are evaluated over the 65°S–65°N region. Over ocean, imagers outperform sounders, primarily due to the usage of low-frequency channels. Furthermore, AMSR2 is clearly superior to SSMISs, likely due to the finer footprint size. Over land all sensors perform similarly except the noticeably worse performance from ATMS and SSMIS-F17. Second, we include the Sondeur Atmospherique du Profil d’Humidite Intertropicale par Radiometrie (SAPHIR) into the evaluation process, contrasting it against other sensors in the SAPHIR latitudes (30°S–30°N). SAPHIR has a slightly worse detection capability than other sounders over ocean but comparable detection performance to MHSs over land. The intensity estimates from SAPHIR show a larger normalized root-mean-square-error over both land and ocean, likely because only 183.3-GHz channels are available. Currently, imagers are preferred to sounders when level-2 estimates are incorporated into level-3 products. Our results suggest a sensor-specific priority order. Over ocean, this study indicates a priority order of AMSR2, SSMISs, MHSs and ATMS, and SAPHIR. Over land, SSMIS-F17, ATMS and SAPHIR should be given a lower priority than the other sensors.
Prediction of Apnea‐Hypopnea Index Using Sound Data Collected by a Noncontact Device
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Whun , Kim Taehoon , Shin Jaeyoung , Lee Kyogu , Choi Sunkyu , Cho Sung‐Woo 
Published: March 2020

ObjectiveTo predict the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using data from breathing sounds recorded using a noncontact device during sleep.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTertiary referral hospital.Subject and MethodsAudio recordings during sleep were performed using an air‐conduction microphone during polysomnography. Breathing sounds recorded from all sleep stages were analyzed. After noise reduction preprocessing, the audio data were segmented into 5‐second windows and sound features were extracted. Estimation of AHI by regression analysis was performed using a Gaussian process, support vector machine, random forest, and simple linear regression, along with 10‐fold cross‐validation.ResultsIn total, 116 patients who underwent attended, in‐laboratory, full‐night polysomnography were included. Overall, random forest resulted in the highest performance with the highest correlation coefficient (0.83) and least mean absolute error (9.64 events/h) and root mean squared error (13.72 events/h). Other models resulted in somewhat lower but similar performances, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.74 to 0.79. The estimated AHI tended to be underestimated as the severity of OSA increased. Regarding bias and precision, estimation performances in the severe OSA subgroup were the lowest, regardless of the model used. Among sound features, derivative of the area methods of moments of overall standard deviation demonstrated the highest correlation with AHI.ConclusionAHI was fairly predictable by using data from breathing sounds generated during sleep. The prediction model may be useful not only for prescreening but also for follow‐up after treatment in patients with OSA.
In vitro endothelial differentiation evaluation on polycaprolactone-methoxy polyethylene glycol electrospun membrane and fabrication of multilayered small-diameter hybrid vascular graft
Authors: Amirian Jhaleh , Sultana Tamanna , Joo Gyeong J , Park Chanmi , Lee Byong-Taek 
Published: March 2020

During development of functional tissue engineered vascular graft, ensuring endothelialization at inner layer and mechanically strong outer layer is considered as challenging. The study objective was to fabricate a multilayered artificial blood vessel by dual syringe electrospinning technique. The presented graft was composed of polycaprolactone-methoxy polyethylene glycol which acts as an inner layer whereas Poly [4,4’-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate)-alt-1,4-butanediol/di(propylene glycol)/polycaprolactone] (PUPCL) (12% w/v) was incorporated as the outer layer. To find out the optimum inner layer, different polycaprolactone-methoxy polyethylene glycol electrospun membranes varying methoxy polyethylene glycol content (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30% w/v) were prepared and evaluated. The characterizations revealed that blending of methoxy polyethylene glycol with polycaprolactone improved hydrophilicity and antithrombogenic properties compared to polycaprolactone or polyurethane polycaprolactone membrane. During in vitro assessment, the optimized polycaprolactone-20% methoxy polyethylene glycol membrane reinforced a greater differentiation of rat bone marrow stem cell into endothelial cells at both mRNA and protein levels by significantly inducing endothelial markers (CD31, Flk-1, and von Willebrand factor) expression. The polyurethane polycaprolactone membrane showed higher mechanical strength than polycaprolactone-methoxy polyethylene glycol while multilayered polycaprolactone-20% methoxy polyethylene glycol/polyurethane polycaprolactone vascular graft exhibited better result compared to single form. Therefore, the strong and bioactive polycaprolactone-20% methoxy polyethylene glycol/polyurethane polycaprolactone small diameter graft (<2 mm) prepared by simple fabrication process could be a promising preliminary platform for vascular tissue engineering application studies.
Green Synthesized Phytochemically (Zingiber officinale and Allium sativum) Reduced Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Confirmed Bactericidal and Catalytic Potential
Authors: Haider Ali , Ijaz Muhammad , Ali Sidra , Haider Junaid , Imran Muhammad , Majeed Hamid , Shahzadi Iram , Ali Muhammad Muddassir , Khan Jawaria Ali , Ikram Muhammad 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPhyto-synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) having reduced chemical toxicity have been focused globally and become essential component of nanotechnology recently. We prepared green phytochemically (ginger and garlic) reduced NiO-NPs to replace synthetic bactericidal and catalytic agent in textile industry. NPs were characterized using ultra-violet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synthesis of NPs was confirmed by XRD and UV-Vis having strong absorption at 350 nm with size ranged between 16–52 nm for ginger and 11–59 nm for garlic. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy confirmed pleomorphism with cubic- and more spherical-shaped NPs. Moreover, exact quantities of garlic and ginger extracts (1:3.6 ml) incorporated to synthesize NiO-NPs have been successfully confirmed by FTIR. Phytochemically reduced NPs by garlic presented enhanced bactericidal activity against multiple drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at increasing concentrations (0.5, 1.0 mg/50 μl) and also degraded methylene blue (MB) dye efficiently. Conclusively, green synthesized NiO-NPs are impending activists to resolve drug resistance as well as environment friendly catalytic agent that may be opted at industrial scale.