bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacogenetic profiling of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) variants in the Indian population
Authors: Naushad Shaik Mohammad , Hussain Tajamul , Alrokayan Salman A. , Kutala Vijay Kumar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to delineate the pharmacologically relevant dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) variants in the Indian population.MethodsWe screened 2000 Indian subjects for DPYD variants using the Infinium Global Screening Array (GSA) (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA).ResultsThe GSA analysis identified seven coding, two intronic and three synonymous DPYD variants. Level 1A alleles (rs75017182, rs3918290, P633Qfs*5 and D949V) were found to be rare (minor allele frequency: 1.889%), whereas Level 3 alleles were observed to be predominant (C29R: 24.91%, I543V: 9.047%, M166V: 8.993% and V732I: 8.44%). In silico predictions revealed that all Level 1A alleles were deleterious, whereas three (M166V, S534N and V732I) of seven Level 3 alleles were damaging. CUPSAT analysis revealed that two Level 1A (P633Qfs*, D949V) and three Level 3 (I543V, V732I and S534N) variants were thermolabile. The pooled Indian data showed that V732I, S534N and rs3918290 variants were associated with 5‐FU/capecitabine toxicity, whereas C29R, I543V and M166V variants exhibited the null association. A comparison of our data with other population data from the ‘Allele Frequency Aggregator’ (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/docs/gsr/alfa/) database showed similarities with the South Asian data.ConclusionsWe have identified four Level 1A (non‐functional/dysfunctional) and seven Level 3 variants in the DPYD gene. The pooled Indian data revealed the association of V732I, S534N and rs3918290 variants with 5‐FU/capecitabine toxicity. Clustering analysis revealed the similarities in the DPYD profiles of the Indian and South Asian populations.
Degenerative joint changes following intra‐articular fracture are more severe in mice with T cell deficiency
Authors: Buchanan Michael W. , Furman Bridgette D. , Zeitlin Jacob H. , Huebner Janet L. , Kraus Virginia B. , Yi John S. , Olson Steven A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe inflammatory response to joint injury, specifically intra‐articular fracture, has been implicated in posttraumatic arthritis development. However, the role of T cells in regulating the development of posttraumatic arthritis is unclear. We hypothesized that the absence of T cells would lead to less severe posttraumatic arthritis following intra‐articular fracture. T cell‐deficient, athymic nude, and wild‐type C57BL/6NJ mice were assessed at 8 weeks following closed articular fracture. Joints were assessed using histologic scores of arthritis, synovitis, and bone morphology via micro computed tomography. Cells were profiled in whole blood via flow cytometry, and plasma and synovial fluid derived cytokines were quantified by multiplex analysis. Compared to C57BL/6NJ mice, nude mice had significantly greater histologic evidence of arthritis and synovitis. Whole blood immune cell profiling revealed a lower percentage of dendritic cells but increased natural killer (NK) cells in nude mice. Concurrently, nude mice had significantly higher levels of NK cells in synovial tissue. Concentrations of plasma interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor α, and synovial fluid IL‐12, IL‐17, and IL‐6 in both knees were greater in nude mice. Outcomes of this study suggest that T cells may play a protective regulatory role against the development of posttraumatic arthritis. Clinical significance: Lack of functional T cells exacerbated the development of posttraumatic arthritis following intra‐articular fracture suggesting that critical regulators of the immune responses, contained within the T cell population, are required for protection. Future research identifying the specific T cell subsets responsible for modulating disease immunopathogenesis will lead to new therapeutic targets to mitigate posttraumatic arthritis.
Actual 10‐year survivors and 10‐year recurrence free survivors after primary liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in the 21st century: A single institution contemporary experience
Authors: Linn Yun Le , Chee Madeline Y. , Koh Ye‐Xin , Teo Jin‐Yao , Cheow Peng‐Chung , Chow Pierce K. H. , Chan Chung‐Yip , Chung Alexander Y. F. , Ooi London L. P. J. , Goh Brian K. P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAt present, the majority of outcome studies of survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) post‐liver resection (post‐LR) present actuarial survival data, which often results in overestimation of survival. We sought to evaluate the actual 10‐year survival post‐LR for HCC and identify variables that are associated with long‐term survival.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of 600 consecutive patients who underwent primary LR for HCC from 2000 to 2010 at our institution. Twenty‐eight patients (4.7%) with 90‐day mortality and 125 patients who were lost to follow‐up within 10 years were excluded leaving 447 patients who met the study criteria.ResultsThere were 140 actual 10‐year survivors of which 57 (40.7%) had a recurrence within 10 years. The actual 10‐year overall survival (OS) rate of the 447 patients was 31.5% and the actual 10‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) was 18.6%. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that only age >65 years (OR, 0.29; p < .001) (OR, 0.973; p = .041) and presence of cirrhosis (OR. 0.37; p = .005) (OR, 0.31; p = .001) were independent factors negatively associated with actual 10‐year OS and actual 10‐year RFS, respectively.ConclusionApproximately one‐third of patients will survive over 10 years after LR for HCC. Amongst these 10‐year survivors, 41% had developed recurrent cancer within 10‐years of follow‐up.
Endocannabinoids and related lipids in serum from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Carter Gregory T. , McLaughlin Ryan J. , Cuttler Carrie , Sauber Garrett J. , Weeks Douglas L. , Hillard Cecilia J. , Weiss Michael D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe goals of this study were to determine whether serum concentrations of endocannabinoids (eCB) and related lipids predict disease status in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) relative to healthy controls, and whether concentrations correlate with disease duration and severity.MethodsSerum concentrations of the eCBs 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) and N‐arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), and related lipids palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), oleoylethanolamine (OEA), and 2‐oleoylglycerol (2‐OG), were measured in samples from 47 patients with ALS and 19 healthy adults. Hierarchical binary logistic and linear regression analyses assessed whether lipid concentrations predicted disease status (ALS or healthy control), duration, or severity.ResultsBinary logistic regression revealed that, after controlling for age and gender, 2‐AG, 2‐OG and AEA concentrations were unique predictors of the presence of ALS, demonstrating odds ratios of 0.86 (P = .039), 1.03 (P = .023), and 42.17 (P = .026), respectively. When all five lipids and covariates (age, sex, race, ethnicity, body mass index, presence of a feeding tube) were included, the resulting model had an overall classification accuracy of 92.9%. Hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated that in patients with ALS, AEA and OEA inversely correlated with disease duration (P = .030 and .031 respectively), while PEA demonstrated a positive relationship with disease duration (P = .013). None of the lipids examined predicted disease severity.ConclusionsThese findings support previous studies indicating significant alterations in concentrations of circulating lipids in patients with ALS. They suggest that arachidonic and oleic acid containing small lipids may serve as biomarkers for identifying the presence and duration of this disease.
A unified numerical model for wetting of soft substrates
Authors: Aland Sebastian , Mokbel Dominic 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe wetting of deformable elastic structures has been recently shown to comprise a rich variety of new physical phenomena (stick‐slip motion, durotaxis, Shuttleworth effect, etc.) whose fundamental understanding demands for numerical simulation tools. In this article, we develop a novel unified model and numerical method for this problem. As special features, the method includes exact incompressibility and a linear monolithic assembly of the Navier‐Stokes and Cahn‐Hilliard equations which stabilizes dominant surface tension at small interface lengths. Also, solid viscosity is included which offers the opportunity to simulate the surfing behavior of droplets on viscoelastic substrates for the first time. We show that the method is highly accurate and more robust than most previous approaches and illustrate its potential by numerical simulation examples.
Effect of acrylonitrile content of SAN on the bending morphology and its quantitative variation inside crystals of PCL/SAN blends confined in thin films
Authors: Mamun Al 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe effect of acrylonitrile content of SAN on the bending morphology of PCL/SAN blends was studied. The blends were prepared from solution with different compositions, and isothermally crystallized at a certain temperature. During crystallization at 45°C, the truncated lozenge‐shaped morphology of the PCL crystals being modified to regular/inverted S‐ or C‐shaped morphology for PCL/SAN blends with 9.5–25% AN in SAN. The bending curvature increases by lowering the crystallization temperature, and the growth rate of PCL decreases with SAN reflecting the miscible nature of the blends. For blends with 30% AN in SAN, mix morphologies with different crystal growth rates reflects the immiscible nature of the blends. Raman spectroscopy reveals at lower crystallization temperature, for miscible blends, a small amount of SAN is retained in the PCL crystal, with a regular increase in concentration from the midpoint to the edge of the crystal, whereas a homogeneous distribution of SAN is found in immiscible blends. Those distribution of SAN are completely absent at higher crystallization temperatures due to a higher crystallographic order of the PCL crystals.
Comorbidity and long‐term clinical outcome of laryngotracheal clefts types III and IV: Systematic analysis of new cases
Authors: Seidl Elias , Kramer Johanna , Hoffmann Florian , Schön Carola , Griese Matthias , Kappler Matthias , Lisec Kristina , Hubertus Jochen , von Schweinitz Dietrich , Di Dio Diana , Sittel Christian , Reiter Karl 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundLong segment laryngotracheoesophageal clefts (LTECs) are very rare large‐airway malformations. Over the last 40 years mortality rates declined substantially due to improved intensive care and surgical procedures. Nevertheless, long‐term morbidity, comorbidity, and clinical outcomes have rarely been assessed systematically.MethodsIn this retrospective case series, the clinical presentation, comorbidities, treatment, and clinical outcomes of all children with long‐segment LTEC that were seen at our department in the last 15 years were collected and analyzed systematically.ResultsNine children were diagnosed with long segment LTEC (four children with LTEC type III and five patients with LTEC type IV). All children had additional tracheobronchial, gastrointestinal, or cardiac malformations. Tracheostomy for long‐time ventilation and jejunostomy for adequate nutrition was necessary in all cases. During follow‐up one child died from multiorgan failure due to sepsis at the age of 43 days. The clinical course of the other eight children (median follow‐up time 5.2 years) was stable. Relapses of the cleft, recurrent aspirations, and respiratory tract infections led to repeated hospital admissions.ConclusionsLong‐segment LTECs are consistently associated with additional malformations, which substantially influence long‐term morbidity. For optimal management, a multidisciplinary approach is essential.
Values, risks, and power influencing librarians' decisions to host drag queen storytime
Authors: Floegel Diana , Barriage Sarah , Kitzie Vanessa , Oltmann Shannon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis paper reports preliminary qualitative findings from a survey of public library staff who work at libraries that have and have not hosted drag queen storytimes (DQS), a popular but contested children's program. Three constructs—values, risks, and power—are developed to describe how individual, library, and institutional forces combine to determine whether DQS occur. Findings contribute to limited scholarly work on DQS by including locations that have not hosted DQS and by engaging critically with how institutional forces shape library staffs' decision‐making around DQS. It is critical to understand factors contributing to this decision‐making to inform contextually appropriate strategies for encouraging dialogue about DQS as well as LGBTQ+ visibility and justice in children's programming. Moreover, DQS constitute a salient context through which to critically explore broader issues of power and inclusion in public libraries.
Toward an integrated information science
Authors: Hartel Jenna , Bates Marcia J. , Gorichanaz Tim , Latham Kiersten , Lueg Christopher , Rieh Soo Young , Thomson Leslie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMore than ever, Information Science needs a coherent, powerful, integrated vision of itself and the value proposition it delivers in this Information Age. Complex and multifaceted uncertainties like pandemics and climate change do not yield to narrow or piecemeal solutions. Holistic visions of Information Science existed at our field's formation a century ago, but sadly over the years have become increasingly fragmented and specialized. This 90‐minute panel invites participants in the ASIS&T 2020 Annual Meeting to reconsider the benefits of holism and creates a stage to re‐imagine a big and integrated Information Science. To that end, we will first adopt Bates' (2002) conception of seven interpenetrating “Layers of Understanding.” Then, information scientists with expertise in one of the seven layers will speak about the information phenomena at their level. Having the full range of strata illuminated, Dr. Marcia J. Bates will share her sage reflections. Ample time will remain for the audience to tinker with, extend, challenge, or celebrate the idea of a wide‐ranging, integrated Information Science.
Late‐life immigration, transition process, and information behavior among older Chinese individuals in Australia
Authors: Du Jia Tina , Xu Fang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe study reported in this paper is part of an ongoing project that aims to advance the understanding of older migrants' information behavior in transition and their resilience in leveraging information and technology to achieve social integration into a new country. Through the lens of transition theory, this research investigates the information behavior of Chinese migrants to Australia at an older age (i.e., late‐life migrants), which is little reported in the migrant information behavior literature. Older Chinese migrants' transition process entailed disconnectedness from previous information practices, perceptions of marginalization and having limited access to resources in English, and construction of new/extended information landscape by participating in ethnic associations and using WeChat for communication.
Human versus machine: Analyzing video game user reviews for plot and narrative
Authors: Cho Hyerim , Bossaller Jenny S. , Adkins Denice , Lee Jin Ha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVideo game users have shown strong interests in having subject metadata to find games. However, creating and maintaining subject metadata is costly and difficult. This study explores the utility of an automated approach for generating subject metadata for video games, focusing on plot and narrative. By comparing two methods to analyze the reviews—qualitative analysis conducted by a human researcher vs. automated text analysis using topic modeling—the researchers investigate if an automated method can generate subject terms that are comparable to the ones generated by qualitative analysis. Findings suggest that even with a smaller set of sample dataset, qualitative analysis could create a better set of terms than automated text analysis. However, terms generated from the automated text analysis indicate that its capability to retrieve themes of the video game may be useful in future libraries.
Reconciling taxonomies of electoral constituencies and recognized tribes of indigenous Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Yi‐Yun , Ludäscher Bertram 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOver the years, information science professionals have been studying biases in Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS), for example, bibliographic classifications. The robustness of classifications has been examined in diverse measures, ranging from the representation of race, gender, ethnic minorities, to indigenous peoples. In this study, we aim at (a) uncovering implicit assumptions about minorities in everyday taxonomies; (b) comparing and reconciling these different taxonomies. Specifically, we study the use case of Taiwanese Indigenous Peoples' tribe classifications and the indigenous constituencies of the legislature electoral representation. We compare four finer‐grained taxonomies for indigenous people with the coarse‐grained indigenous peoples' electoral constituencies that only recognize two regions (Lowland, Highland). The four taxonomies are: the recognized tribes in the past, the recognized tribes in the present, other possible tribes, and re‐scaled groups based on population. We employ a logic‐based taxonomy alignment approach using Region Connection Calculus (RCC‐5) relations to align these taxonomies. Our results show different options when modeling and interpreting the use case of Indigenous Taiwan constituencies, and also demonstrate that multiple perspectives can be preserved and co‐exist in our merged taxonomic representations.
Quality of images showing medication packaging from individuals with vision impairments: Implications for the design of visual question answering applications
Authors: Davis Nathan , Xie Bo , Gurari Danna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMobile phone technology empowers individuals with vision impairment to submit images with questions and promptly receive answers from remote humans through visual question answering applications. This study aimed (a) identify challenges for visually impaired users of VizWiz, a visual question answering (VQA) application, to obtain information about medication packaging and (b) recommend design guidelines for better supporting this population to receive visual assistance. Using our four‐category coding scheme, we analyzed the quality of 265 images (131 with questions; 134 without) of medication packages from VizWiz. We found that 46% of the images were legible, 40% contained clear indicators for what information was sought, 40% had minimum background clutter, and only 5% total contained sufficient information to definitively answer the users' questions. We also conducted a thematic analysis to identify major challenges in having their questions answered. Major challenges we identified include: image legibility, incomplete display of key information, and a lack of clarity on what information is being sought. We recommend designers pay more attention to how the technology can facilitate training of users on best practices and provide additional tools to aid visually impaired users in capturing good quality images that can be used to answer their questions.
What is essential?: Understanding community resilience and public libraries in the United States during disasters
Authors: Patin Beth 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHurricane Katrina, the 4/27/2011 Tornadoes, the Oso Mudslide, and even more recently, the Coronavirus Pandemic, all demonstrated the devastating experience of disaster. While each of these extreme events varied in scope, size, and degree of disruption, each overwhelmed local authorities necessitating state and federal assistance. Prevention of disasters is ideal, but not practical. Preferably, the emphasis is placed on resilience or a community's ability to bounce back. Public libraries are considered trusted pillars in their community, posing them to provide critical information in the face of extreme challenges. This work explores community resilience and how public libraries in the United States, as Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)‐designated essential community organizations, enhance community resilience. American Library Association Policy already recognizes the role libraries should play, and more recently, FEMA recognized libraries as “essential community organizations,” tasking them with the responsibility of fulfilling critical information needs in the case of a disaster. However, this designation was made without a clear understanding of how libraries should support their communities, leading to confusion during the United States’ response to Covid19. This work identifies a gap between the perspectives of the librarians and disaster response agents and suggests methods for closing this gap.
Integrating research and teaching for data curation in iSchools
Authors: Acker Amelia , Donaldson Devan Ray , Kriesberg Adam , Thomer Andrea , Weber Nicholas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe quickly changing nature of information science and technology creates unique and remarkable challenges in terms of developing curriculum focused on building data competencies. Faculties responsible for teaching current developments in information studies have the unique burden of needing to continuously update our curricula without sacrificing our broader teaching goals. This panel features diverse perspectives on teaching data curation skills in five US‐based schools of information at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Panelists will present their unique perspectives on pedagogical approaches in courses dedicated to data curation, digital preservation, description and access standards, as well as data access and interchange. Topics introduced will range from flipped classroom techniques, finding messy datasets, common pitfalls, hands‐on labs, cloud based tools, data carpentry labs, and sequencing learning objectives to match stages of the data life cycle. This panel will give ASIST conference participants an opportunity to see a range of junior faculty, each with IMLS funded research projects related to data curation, share their experiences of teaching data competencies in the classroom.
Do you know what's in those cookies? An analysis of the readability of social media cookie policies
Authors: Rawlings Elizabeth Dunn 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpend any time on the web and you will likely be prompted with a disclosure about cookies. The purpose of this exploratory study is to address the readability of cookie policies by examining a sample of popular social media websites operating in the United States. Flesch Reading Ease index and Flesch‐Kincaid Grade Level were used to assess the readability of select social media cookie policies. The results of this study suggest that the cookie policies of these sites are incongruous with the readability requirements for the average U.S. adult. Opportunities for future research to address questions related to coherence as well as the use, function, and purpose of cookies are discussed.