bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased variation in sex organ positions can increase reciprocity and pollination success in heterostylous plant populations
Authors: Ganguly Shatarupa , Shreenidhi P.M. , Barua Deepak 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsThe reciprocal position of sexual organs in complementary floral morphs is central to our understanding of heterostyly. Reciprocity indices are used to quantify the spatial match between complementary sex organs, but previous indices fail to appropriately account for variation in sex organ positions among individuals in a population. The objective of this study was to examine how reciprocity and consequently reproductive success change with an increase in intra-population variation in sex organ heights. To this end, we formulated a reciprocity index that incorporates variation in sex organ positions among individuals in a population and asked if estimates of reciprocity can predict reproductive success in naturally occurring heterostylous populations.MethodsWe developed a reciprocity index that assumed pollen transfer success equalled one for a perfectly matched stigma-anther pair, and decreased to zero with increasing mismatch. Reciprocity was quantified as the average pollen transfer success for all pair-wise combinations of complementary sex organs in the population. We examined the relationship between intra-population variation and reciprocity using simulated populations that varied in the distribution of sex organ positions, and with empirical data from natural populations. We compared previously proposed indices using the simulated and natural populations, and for a subset of natural populations we tested the ability of the indices to predict reproductive success.Important FindingsIn both simulated and natural populations we observed that when differences between mean anther and stigma heights of complementary morphs are small, increasing intra-population variation in heights resulted in a monotonous decrease in reciprocity. However, when differences between mean complementary anther and stigma heights are larger, reciprocity increased, reached a peak, and then decreased with increasing variation. Previous indices failed to capture this behaviour and were largely insensitive to variation or differences in mean complementary sex organ heights. Seed set was consistently positively related to reciprocity for our index, and for two of the four previous indices. These results highlight the importance of incorporating intra-population variation in sex organ dimensions in quantifying reciprocity, and challenge the current understanding that increasing variation will always decrease reciprocity in heterostylous populations. These results may help explain why heterostylous systems exhibit, and tolerate high amounts of intra-population variation in sex organ heights.
Segregation, connectivity, and gradients of deactivation in neural correlates of evidence in social decision making
Authors: Viviani Roberto , Dommes Lisa , Bosch Julia E. , Labek Karin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFunctional imaging studies of sensory decision making have detected a signal associated with evidence for decisions that is consistent with data from single-cell recordings in laboratory animals. However, the generality of this finding and its implications on our understanding of the organization of the fMRI signal are not clear. In the present functional imaging study, we investigated decisions in an elementary social cognition domain to identify the neural correlates of evidence, their segregation, connectivity, and their relationship to task deactivations. Besides providing data in support of an evidence-related signal in a social cognition task, we were interested in embedding these neural correlates in models of supramodal associative cortex placed at the top of a hierarchy of processing areas. Participants were asked to decide which of two depicted individuals was saddest based on information rich in sensory features (facial expressions) or through contextual cues suggesting the mental state of others (stylized drawings of mourning individuals). The signal associated with evidence for the decision was located in two distinct networks differentially recruited depending on the information type. Using the largest peaks of the signal associated with evidence as seeds in a database of connectivity data, these two networks were retrieved. Furthermore, the hubs of these networks were located near or along a ribbon of cortex located between task activations and deactivations between areas affected by perceptual priming and the deactivated areas of the default network system. In associative cortex, these findings suggest gradients of progressive relative deactivation as a possible neural correlate of the cortical organization envisaged by structural models of cortical organization and by predictive coding theories of cortical function.
Species level enrichment of AnAOB and associated growth morphology under the effect of key metabolites
Authors: Lu Yang , Natarajan Gayathri , Nguyen Thi Quynh Ngoc , Thi Sara Swa , Arumugam Krithika , Seviour Thomas William , Williams Rohan B.H. , Wuertz Stefan , Law Yingyu 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTNineteen anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) species have been identified, yet the environmental factors that select for each species within a specialized ecological niche have not been described. We enriched AnAOB from a single inoculum under standard enrichment conditions (reactor R1) with stepwise increase in nitrite and ammonia concentration, nitric oxide (NO) supplementation (reactor R2), or with complex organic carbon using wastewater collected from mainstream wastewater treatment facility (reactor R3). AnAOB were enriched up to 80%, 90% and 50% relative abundance in R1, R2 and R3 respectively.CandidatusBrocadia caroliniensis predominated in all reactors, but a shift towardsCa. Brocadia sinica was consistently observed with increasing ammonium and nitrite concentrations beyond 270 mg NH4-N L−1and 340 mg NO2-N L−1, respectively. In the presence of NO, growth of heterotrophs were inhibited, andCa. Jettenia could coexist withCa. B. caroliniensis before diminishing when nitrite increased to 160 mg NO2-N L−1. In contrast, supplementation of organic carbon led to the emergence of heterotrophic communities that coevolved withCa. B. caroliniensis.Ca. B. caroliniensis andCa. Jettenia preferentially form biofilms on reactor surfaces, whereasCa. Brocadia sinica forms granules in suspension. Our results thus indicate that multiple AnAOB species co-exist and occupy sub-niches in anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactors, that the dominant population can be reversibly shifted by, for example, changing the nitrogen load (i.e. high nitrite concentration favorsCa. Brocadia caroliniensis), and that speciation has implications for wastewater process design, with the optimum cell immobilization strategy (i.e. carriers vs granules) dependent on which species dominates.IMPORTANCEThis study demonstrates how to reversibly and predictably shift dominant anammox population using operating parameters (e.g. high nitrite concentration favoursCa. Brocadia sinica), and that species selection has implications for wastewater process design, illustrated here in terms of dependence of optimum cell immobilization strategy (i.e. carriers vs granules) on which species dominates. The research informs the characterization of AnAOBs at species level as well process design and control strategies targeting Anammox species population dynamics in full scale waste water treatment systems.
Aggregation and Disaggregation Features of the Human Proteome
Authors: Määttä Tomi A , Rettel Mandy , Helm Dominic , Stein Frank , Savitski Mikhail M 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTProtein aggregates have negative implications in disease. While reductionist experiments have increased our understanding of aggregation processes, the systemic view in biological context is still limited. To extend this understanding, we used mass spectrometry-based proteomics to characterize aggregation and disaggregation in human cells after non-lethal heat shock. Aggregation-prone proteins were enriched in nuclear proteins, high proportion of intrinsically disordered regions, high molecular mass, high isoelectric point and hydrophilic amino acids. During recovery, most aggregating proteins disaggregated with a rate proportional to the aggregation propensity: larger loss in solubility was counteracted by faster disaggregation. High amount of intrinsically disordered regions also resulted in faster disaggregation. However, other characteristics enriched in aggregating proteins did not correlate with the disaggregation rates. In addition, we analyzed changes in protein thermal stability after heat shock. Soluble remnants of aggregated proteins were more thermally stable compared to control condition. Our results provide a rich resource of heat stress-related protein solubility data, propose novel roles for intrinsically disordered regions in protein quality control and reveal a protection mechanism to repress protein aggregation in heat stress.
The Wsp intermembrane complex mediates metabolic control of the swim-attach decision ofPseudomonas putida
Authors: Hueso-Gil Ángeles , Calles Belén , de Lorenzo Víctor 
Published: February 2020

SUMMARYPseudomonas putidaKT2440, a microorganism of interest for biotechnological purposes, is one amongst the many bacteria that attach to surfaces and produce biofilm. Although other mechanisms that contribute to this decision have been studied until now, a 7-genes-operon with a disposition and homology shared with thewspoperon inPseudomonas aeruginosaremained to be investigated. In this work, we characterized the function ofP. putida wspoperon by the combination of deletion mutants with complementations withP. aeruginosa’s genes and with deletions of 3 other genes: the genes that code for the transcription factorsfleQandfleNand the flagellar movement regulator,fglZ. Examining mutant behaviour at 6 and 24 hours under three different carbon regimes (citrate, glucose and fructose) we saw that this complex carries out a similar function in bothPseudomonas. InP. putida, the key components are WspR, a protein that harbours the domain for producing c-di-GMP, and WspF, which controls its activity. Transformation with the equivalent proteins ofP. aeruginosahad a significant impact on ofP. putidamutant phenotypes and could complement their functions under some conditions. These results contribute to the deeper understanding of the complex element network that regulate lifestyle decision inP. putida
Crystal structures of the cell-division protein FtsZ from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli
Authors: Yoshizawa Takuya , Fujita Junso , Terakado Haruna , Ozawa Mayuki , Kuroda Natsuko , Tanaka Shun-ichi , Uehara Ryo , Matsumura Hiroyoshi 
Published: February 2020

FtsZ, a tubulin-like GTPase, is essential for bacterial cell division. In the presence of GTP, FtsZ polymerizes into filamentous structures, which are key to generating force in cell division. However, the structural basis for the molecular mechanism underlying FtsZ function remains to be elucidated. In this study, crystal structures of the enzymatic domains of FtsZ from Klebsiella pneumoniae (KpFtsZ) and Escherichia coli (EcFtsZ) were determined at 1.75 and 2.50 Å resolution, respectively. Both FtsZs form straight protofilaments in the crystals, and the two structures adopted relaxed (R) conformations. The T3 loop, which is involved in GTP/GDP binding and FtsZ assembly/disassembly, adopted a unique open conformation in KpFtsZ, while the T3 loop of EcFtsZ was partially disordered. The crystal structure of EcFtsZ can explain the results from previous functional analyses using EcFtsZ mutants.
Gaps in post-disaster community changes in “building back better” in Ayeyarwaddy, Myanmar
Authors: Yang Yunjeong 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of disaster risk reduction (DRR) projects carried out by a Korean NGO in Ayeyarwaddy, Myanmar. The paper discusses project effectiveness, community participation and sustainability in disaster preparedness as well as the “build back better” concept.Design/methodology/approachThe findings are drawn from a mixed methods approach consisting of focus groups, interviews of key stakeholders and a cross-sectional community household survey comparing project and neighbouring villages.FindingsProject villages were better prepared in terms of increased awareness and participation in DRR activities. However, the qualitative data showed a low level of participation, facilitating limited changes and leaving the element of sustainability in question. Most activities were responsive rather than preventive.Research limitations/implicationsThe study faced unavoidable constraints. The author was invited to assess the project only after implementation, precluding a controlled trial. With time at the site limited, an alternative systematic post hoc evaluation strategies were not feasible. The triangulation of data manages these methodological challenges to the extent possible. Still, that the positive findings on preparedness and capacity changes derive from self-assessment should be kept in mind.Practical implicationsWhere appropriate, DRR projects should include measurable evaluation tools from the project design stage. DRR as a goal in of itself is not adequate to transform the region. Instead, DRR projects should consider “development-centred disaster resilience” as the ultimate goal to aim toward.Originality/valueThere have been virtually no assessments of regional DRR project effectiveness in Myanmar. The study applies the Sendai Framework as an analytical framework to assess community-based DRR, which could also be applied to other contexts.
Non-axisymmetric Homann stagnation point flow and heat transfer past a stretching/shrinking sheet using hybrid nanofluid
Authors: Khashi’ie Najiyah Safwa , Arifin Norihan Md , Pop Ioan , Nazar Roslinda , Hafidzuddin Ezad Hafidz , Wahi Nadihah 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to scrutinize the analysis of non-axisymmetric Homann stagnation point flow and heat transfer of hybrid Cu-Al2O3/water nanofluid over a stretching/shrinking flat plate.Design/methodology/approachThe similarity transformation which fulfils the continuity equation is opted to transform the coupled momentum and energy equations into the nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Numerical solutions which are elucidated in the tables and graphs are obtained using the bvp4c solver.FindingsNon-unique solutions (first and second) are feasible for both stretching and shrinking cases within the specific values of the parameters. First solution is the physical/real solution based on the execution of stability analysis. An upsurge of the ratio of the ambient fluid strain rate to the plate strain rate can delay the boundary layer separation, whereas a boost of the ratio of the ambient fluid shear rate to the plate strain rate only accelerates the separation of boundary layer. The heat transfer rate of hybrid nanofluid is greater for the stretching case than the shrinking case. However, for the shrinking case, the heat transfer rate intensifies with the increment of the copper (Cu) nanoparticles volume fraction, whereas a contrary result is found for the stretching case.Originality/valueThe present numerical results are original and new. It can contribute to other researchers on electing the relevant parameters to optimize the heat transfer process in the modern industry, and the right parameters to generate non-unique solution so that no misjudgment on flow and heat transfer features.
Fuzzy uncertainty and its applications in reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Woju Utino Worabo , Balu A.S. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The aim of this paper is mainly to handle the fuzzy uncertainties present in structures appropriately. In general, uncertainties of variables are classified as aleatory and epistemic. The different sources of uncertainties in reinforced concrete structures include the randomness, mathematical models, physical models, environmental factors and gross errors. The effects of imprecise data in reinforced concrete structures are studied here by using fuzzy concepts. The aim of this paper is mainly to handle the uncertainties of variables with unclear boundaries.

Design/methodology/approach
To achieve the intended objective, the reinforced concrete beam subjected to flexure and shear was designed as per Euro Code (EC2). Then, different design parameters such as corrosion parameters, material properties and empirical expressions of time-dependent material properties were identified through a thorough literature review.

Findings
The fuzziness of variables was identified, and their membership functions were generated by using the heuristic method and drawn by MATLAB R2018a software. In addition to the identification of fuzziness of variables, the study further extended to design optimization of reinforced concrete structure by using fuzzy relation and fuzzy composition.

Originality/value
In the design codes of the concrete structure, the concrete grades such as C16/20, C20/25, C25/30, C30/37 and so on are provided and being adopted for design in which the intermediate grades are not considered, but using fuzzy concepts the intermediate grades of concrete can be recognized by their respective degree of membership. In the design of reinforced concrete structure using fuzzy relation and composition methods, the optimum design is considered when the degree of membership tends to unity. In addition to design optimization, the level of structural performance evaluation can also be carried out by using fuzzy concepts.
Inpatient aggression in forensic psychiatric patients with autism spectrum disorder: the role of risk and protective factors
Authors: Bosch Rianne , Chakhssi Farid , Hummelen Ko 
Published: February 2020

PurposePatients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are overrepresented in forensic samples. However, research on risk assessment in forensic patients with ASD is scarce. The purpose of this paper was to examine the prevalence of short-term inpatient aggression and explore the risk and protective factors for aggression in forensic psychiatric patients with ASD (N = 32).Design/methodology/approachThe association between two commonly used violence risk assessment instruments (HKT-R and SAPROF) and physical aggression during ten weeks of inpatient stay was examined in a Dutch forensic psychiatric hospital.FindingsResults showed no significant association between HKT-R and SAPROF and incidents of physical aggression. This suggests that the commonly used assessment instruments may be of limited use for assessing the risk of short-term inpatient aggression in patients with ASD.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations to the current study include the relatively small sample size and the lack of information on index offenses. Further research with a larger, more homogeneous sample and longer follow-up is indicated to confirm the results of this study. Future research should also include the possible association between aggressive behavior of people with ASD and other factors that might be relevant, such as social cognition deficits, cognitive and sensory impairments, deficient empathy and emotion regulation problems.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to directly examine the prevalence of inpatient aggression of forensic psychiatric patients with ASD and its association with risk and protective factors.
Impact of intra-group coopetitive incentives on the performance outcomes of knowledge sharing: evidence from a randomized experiment
Authors: Liu Fuzhen , Wu Jiang , Huang Xiao , Fong Patrick S.W. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Knowledge sharing, as a kind of social behavior that incorporates collective intelligence to achieve a certain goal, has become a remarkable developing trend in recent years. Under the context of traditional teaching, this study aims to explore the manner in which students become effective in sharing knowledge to help optimize course design and improve our existing education.

Design/methodology/approach
Among 195 university students taking an elective, the effects of different incentives on group performance in completing tasks is explored on the basis of a randomized experiment.

Findings
Results show that intra-group cooperation can be helpful to student performance, whereas intra-group competition neither improves nor worsens student performance. The former is mainly driven by reciprocity, especially for that stimulated by inter-group competition, whereas the latter is stimulated by egoism. Thus, proper reciprocity can promote student behavior to increase voluntary contribution. In addition, intra-group differences do not interfere with group performance, especially task-oriented groups.

Originality/value
Certain suggestions are proposed to improve the curriculum design in large classrooms. Forming groups is the best way to strengthen student knowledge sharing. Within task-oriented groups, the incentives of inter-group competition can encourage students to deepen intra-group cooperation and thus effectively improve group performance under the conditions of external competition.
The future of tourism destination management: building productive coalitions of actor networks for complex destination development
Authors: Hartman Stefan , Wielenga Ben , Heslinga Jasper Hessel 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop an enhanced understanding of the evolution of actor networks for destination development.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based on observations and field notes of the authors regarding evolving organizational structures in the Dutch tourism industry and the conceptualization of this stepwise evolutionary process.

Findings
The authors observe and conceptualize recurring patterns in the ways in which coalitions emerge and develop (Figure 1) and which activities they pursue.

Originality/value
New insights are provided into the emergence and evolution of multi-actor networks that are driven by sustainable destination development. These insights are useful learnings for other destinations that pursue similar goals.
E-mindfulness – the growing importance of facilitating tourists’ connections to the present moment
Authors: Stankov Uglješa , Filimonau Viachaslau , Gretzel Ulrike , Vujičić Miroslav D. 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce e-mindfulness as a tourism trend. Mindfulness meditation is becoming increasingly mainstream, which is reflected in a rapidly growing number of related technology applications. Such technology-assisted mindfulness is typically referred to as e-mindfulness. The e-mindfulness trend creates opportunities for the tourism industry but also implies changed consumer perspectives on tourist experiences.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based on a general review of academic literature, news reports and online resources regarding the offerings of related technologies.

Findings
Implications of e-mindfulness for consumers, tourism service providers and designers of future tourism experiences are outlined.

Originality/value
This is the first paper to conceptualize e-mindfulness as a tourism trend.