bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutation induction of EMS and 60Co γ irradiation in vitro cultured seedlings of red pulp pitaya (Stenocereus) and ISSR analyzing of mutant
Authors: Deng Renju , Fan Jianxin , Wang Yongqing , Liu Tao , Jin Jifen 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background

Pitaya is a new type of fruit tree developed vigorously in recent years in China. The current variety characteristics of pitaya can not meet the needs of market development. In order to speed up the breeding process and increase the variation frequency, the red pulp pitaya variety 'Zi Honglong' seedlings in vitro were used as experimental materials, which were treated with different dose of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and 60Co γ irradiation, respectively.
Results

The results indicated that the appropriate concentration for the EMS mutagenesis was 3.71%-3.95%, and the optimum time was 8.26–9.32 h. The feasible irradiation dose range for 60Co γ mutation was 38.5–42.4 Gy. The dose of mutagens was inversely proportional to the survival and differentiation rate of seedlings. By observing the morphological characteristics of mutagenic materials, 14 mutants were screened out. According to the ISSR analysis, a total of 67 bands were amplified from the 9 primers, among which 71.64% polymorphism was obtained. Compared with the control, there was a specific band in No. 5 mutant detected by primer M06, but its functional characteristics needed further research and verification. The genetic distances (GD) among the tested materials were 0.0120 to 0.4169 analyzed by NTSYS pc 2.1. The UPGMA clustering analysis demonstrated that 15 germplasm could be divided into 6 groups at a cutpoint of genetic distance 0.11, and among them No. 5, 6, 10, 12 and 14 warranted separate categorization, which showed that they had more differences in tested germplasm.
Conclusions

It concluded that pitaya mutant might be produced regardless of the mutagenic dose high or low, and a higher dose could increase the frequency of variation. In this study, critical dose and half lethal dose can be used as the appropriate dose for mutation breeding of pitaya. Additional, molecular analysis showed that there was a certain difference between the mutant plants and the control. It needs to be further verified whether this difference was a physiological variation or a real variation due to the randomness of mutation, so as to lay a foundation for better carrying out mutation breeding of pitaya.
Informal learning during the standardized residency training&nbsp;in the context of “Internet plus:" an empirical research
Authors: Lei Li , Jun Ma , Xiaoling Tian , Huixian Cui , Zhifen Yang 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Informal learning refers to learners-sponsored, monitored and regulated learning method, which lays the foundation for medical life-long education of residents with sustainable self-learning ability and permanent learning behaviors. In this article the authors explore the academic value and significance in informal learning to improve the effectiveness for the standardized residency training in the context of “Internet plus” which combines technology with education to promote reforms for learning patterns. Standardized residency training started relatively late in China and there are less empirical studies targeted for the medical students in this phase. Based on it, this study aims to explore online informal learning behavior of medical students in residency training.Methods An empirical study was performed at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University in China where postgraduate medical education is being conducted. The study was implemented by questionnaire of the following aspects related to informal learning of residents as learning attitude, motivation, behavior and utilization of learning resources. Learning efficiency before and during COVID-19 is specifically surveyed and analyzed. 451 valid samples were collected to understand the situation of informal learning in the context of “Internet plus” and to find out interconnections among variables. The data from questionnaire has been analyzed through descriptive analysis, difference analysis and correlation regression analysis.Results Informal learning attitudes of residents in standardized training are of high recognition and strong learning belief but need better self-management; The intervention between informal learning motivation and behavior among the levels of self-control, learning target and utilization of online resources resulting in great influence of environmental and individual factors on self-efficacy. Relative weak ability appears in choosing, screening and utilizing effective information online without effective guidance from teachers.Conclusions In this study we innovatively propose appropriate and practical suggestions for researching methods in informal learning of postgraduate medical education in clinical setting during intensive online learning during COVID-19 period. The findings of this research have great significance in guiding learning paths, effects and development for informal learning of residents and put forward effective measures for the development of positive and sustainable informal learning in future career of the doctors-to-be.
A Novel Approach to Objective Validation of YouTube™ Educational Videos for the Instruction of Regional Anesthesia Nerve Blocks
Authors: Tewfik George , Work Adam , Shulman Steven , Discepola Patrick 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
YouTube™ (“YouTube”) is often used as an educational tool to instruct anesthesia providers on regional anesthesia nerve blocks. However, there is no current objective standard to assess the educational quality of these user-uploaded videos. A new approach was used to objectively validate these videos by comparing them to high quality educational sources for the seven most commonly used nerve blocks.
Objective
We sought to evaluate the educational quality of user-uploaded videos when compared to the highest quality anesthesia society websites (NYSORA, ACEP, USRA)
Methods
We first catalogued the characteristics of the instructional material on three of the highest quality anesthesia society websites (NYSORA, ACEP, USRA) into 18 different items. Next, we surveyed the five most popular anesthesia block videos on YouTube for each of the seven peripheral nerve blocks in question. The presence or absence of each category was recorded.
Results
Although there were varying degrees of correlation between the high quality sources and the videos, rarely did YouTube videos contain as high a percentage of these educational characteristics as the well-established sources. Some videos contained very few of these important educational characteristics.
Conclusion
Although YouTube has been used an educational tool, we recommend that only high quality sources be used to teach or illustrate regional anesthesia nerve blocks.
Proposal for a EN 149 Acceptable Reprocessing Method for FFP2 Respirators in Times of Severe Shortage
Authors: Widmer Andreas , Richner Gilles 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Introduction:Transmission to health care workers (HCW) poses a major burden in the current Covod-19 pandemic. Unprotected exposure to a SARS-CoV-2p patient is a key risk factor for HCWs. Droplet transmission, and high transmission during aerosol-generating procedures are modes of transmission, requiring a respirator such as N95 or FFP2 respirator to protect the HCWs, likely the most important part of personal protection equipment (PPE). However, many HCW were infected due to lack of PPE, or failure to use them. The worldwide shortage of respirators triggered the development of reprocessing used N95 or FFP respirator. Our proposal with H2O2 plasma sterilization for decontamination allows to reprocess a type of FFP2 still meeting filtration effectiveness of EN 149, the European standard for new respirators. The protocol is simple, uses available resources in hospitals and can be rapidly implemented to decrease the shortage of respirators during this crisis. The goal of the study was the evaluate if respirators can be reprocessed without hampering filtration capacity outlined by EN 149MethodsUsed FFP2 respirators – Model 3M AuraTM 1862+ - were sterilized using a low temperature process Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) V-PRO® maX Low Temperature, a FDA approved method to decontaminate FFP2 respirator. Decontaminated respirators were further checked for residual peroxide by a single-gas detector for H2O2. The Total Inward Leakage of the protective respirators was quantitatively tested with 10 test persons in an atmosphere charged with Paraffin aerosol according to EN 149. The fit factor was calculated as the inverse of the Total Inward Leakage.ResultsTen new and ten decontaminated FFP2 respirators were simultaneously tested for filtration effectiveness. None of the respirators exceeded peroxide maximum acceptable concentration of peroxide before use. More than 4000 respirators have been reprocessed so far, at cost of approximately 0.3 Euro/piece.ConclusionsFFP 2 respirators can be safely reprocessed once after decontamination with plasma peroxid sterilization still meeting EN 149 requirements as new respirators. This allows to almost double the current number of FFP2 respirators that are in serious shortage.
Evaluation of Blended Fertilizer (NPSZnB) Rates on grain yield, nutrient uptake and economic feasibility of maize (Zea mays L.) in Kolla-Temben, Central zone of Tigrai, Ethiopia
Authors: Berhe Hintsa Meresa , Marie Fantaye Belay 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: Maize is an important cereal crop grown and consumed in Ethiopia. However, its yield is constrained by low soil fertility and improper utilization of fertilizer. Therefore the objective of this finds was to study the effect of NPSZNb fertilizer rates on grain yield, nutrient uptake and economic feasibility of maize. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at Bega-Sheka in 2018/19 & 2019/2020 cropping season. The treatments were consisted of six blended fertilizer rates (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg NPSZnB ha -1 ) and recommended p (40 kg ha -1 ). Treatments were arranged in RCBD design with three replications. Result: Analysis of variance indicated that blended fertilizer rate had statistically significant (p < 0.005) effect on plant height, ear length, number of seeds per row, grain and biomass yield. However, it did not have a significant effect on phonological traits, number of grain rows and 1000-grains weight. Application of NPSZnB fertilizer ranging from 150 to 250 kg ha-1 and 200 kg ha-1 of DAP gives the highest grain and biomass yields. Hence the higher nutrient uptake of N and P was recorded from the maximum rate of NPSZnB and P fertilizer, respectively. The MRR value showed that the highest MRR of 529% was obtains from 150 kg NPSZnB ha -1 . Conclusions: From the result of the study, application of 150 kg NPSZnB ha -1 increases yield and yield component of maize and give maximum return from unit investment which can be recommended for the study area.
Identification of Specific Selection Criteria in Young Ball Sport Players
Authors: Pucsok József Márton , Ráthonyi Gergely , Varga Katalin , Perényi Gabriella , Puskás Andrea Lenténé , Bács Zoltán , Balogh László 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background: The purpose of our study was to analyze body composition and spiroergometric data of young (14-15 years) elite level ball sport players. We suggested that three-ball sports (handball, soccer, and basketball) share common performance indicators, as each ball sport is primarily characterized by rapid intermittent movements. Methods: We selected one-hundred and ten, handball (n=30), basketball (n=40) and soccer (n=40) players male and female from local clubs in Hungary. To measure their performance to develop high-quality training programs adequately age was differing from 14 to 15, they represented the elite level of their sports. They participated in performance analysis, the protocol included a body composition analysis and spiroergometric tests. We measured body composition and physiological parameters utilizing an In Body 720 device, and a standard Bruce treadmill protocol. Although we were aware of the limitations of the Bruce protocol in elite athletes, we choose this protocol as a safer alternative for younger inexperienced athletes. Results and conclusions: We concluded that in young male soccer and basketball players mean peak /load (W), peak/VE (l), peak/Vtex (l), peak/VO2 (ml/min), peak/VCO2 (ml/min), and peak/ O2 pulse (ml) data is a reliable indicator of the sport-specific performance. We may also suggest, that in our population of male basketball and handball players peak/Vtex (l) is the only variable, which is significantly different. Between groups of male handball and soccer players, peak/VO2/kg (ml/min) may be a valid performance indicator too. Among female basketball and handball players we found a significant difference in three performance variables: peak/Vtex (l), peak/VO2 (ml/min) and peak/ O2 pulse (ml). Although we must be careful when interpreting results, prior experiences with exercise testing, biological maturation differences must be considered. Trial registration: All examinations involving human subjects were approved by the Hungarian Ethical Committee ETT TUKEB:15117-4/2018/EÜIG.
Career aspirations among specialty residents: a gender-based comparison
Authors: Cathelain Alice , Jourdain Mercedes , Cordonnier Charlotte , Jonard Sophie Catteau , Sebbane Deborah , Copin Marie-Christine , Berlingo Laura , Rubod Chrystele , Garabedian Charles 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background - Two recent studies looked at the career choice of residents in obstetrics & gynecology. It seemed useful to us to broaden this questioning to other specialties, by proposing a study to all residents in the same Faculty. The objective of our study was to describe residents career aspirations and possible barriers according to gender.Methods – Declarative cross-sectional survey, using questionnaires sent by email to the specialty residents of the Faculty of Medicine of Lille (France). An analysis by specialty group (i.e. medicine, surgery, obstetrics & gynecology and anesthesia & resuscitation) and a comparison of the results according to gender were performed. Results – Of the 1,384 specialty residents currently in training, 462 answered the questionnaires (33.38%), among whom 289 women and 173 men (average age = 27.08 years +/- 0.091). 17 women (5.9%) were currently considering a university hospital career versus 37 men (21.4%) (p = 0.001). Gender analysis made it possible to identify obstacles to engaging in a university career: lacking female model, more frequent doubting in the ability to lead this type of career among women (61.6%) than men (35.3%) (p <0.001), and gender discrimination felt in the workplace for 51.6% of women (versus 7.5% of men, p <0.001). Subgroup analysis showed specificities related to each specialty. Conclusions – Few residents plan to embark upon a university hospital career, let alone female residents. There are specificities specific to each specialty and marked gender differences regarding career aspirations. Many obstacles have been identified as obstacles to access to university hospital positions for women. It is important to develop strategies to remove these barriers and enable women to pursue such university careers.
Mothers’ Competence in Child Feeding Recommendations, Complementary Feeding Practices and Determinants of Adequate Diet
Authors: MOGRE VICTOR , Appiah Kingsley B , Cheyuo Ernest K , Alhassan Abdul-Mumin , Ayanore Martin A , Kubuga Clement K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background Appropriate complementary feeding is critical for optimal nutrition in infant and young children as it ensures their growth, health and development to attain their full potential. However, evidence shows children from developing countries do not meet the core indicators for appropriate complementary feeding. We evaluated mothers’ competency in infant and young child feeding recommendations and their association to complementary feeding practices among children aged 6–23 months.Methods This cross-sectional study included 200 children aged 6–23 months and their mothers/care givers recruited during the child welfare clinics of two health facilities in Ghana. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess determinants of appropriate diet.Results Sixty-eight percent of the mothers knew the recommended duration of continued breastfeeding, 56.5% how to ensure dietary diversity and enrich their children’s diets and 94% (n = 188) had positive attitude towards recommended infant and young child feeding practices. Majority of the mothers (92%, n = 183) practiced continued breastfeeding, 10.5% of the children met minimum diet diversity score, 39.5% minimum meal frequency and 8.5% received minimum acceptable diet. Determinants of receipt of minimum adequate diet were: having high knowledge in child feeding recommendations (100% vs. 0.0; p < 0.001) and child’s father reportedly earning enough financially (AOR = 12.1 (1.32–109.72; p = 0.027).Conclusion Poor complementary feeding practices were common and mother’s knowledge levels regarding infant and young child feeding recommendations as well as the income levels of the child’s father were important determinants of appropriate diet. Nutrition education should emphasis on improving mothers’ nutrition knowledge regarding infant and young child feeding and supporting mothers to overcome barriers to feed their children with appropriate complementary foods.
Clinically Significant Shared and Distinct Genomic Alterations in Chinese and Western Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Xu Shifeng , Guo Yuan , Zeng Yanwu , Song Zhijian , Zhu Xiaodan , Fan Ning , Zhang Zhilei , Ren Guibing , Zang Yunjin , Rao Wei 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background The goal of this study is to disclose the clinically significant genomic alterations in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma of the Chinese and Western populations.Methods A total of 86 Chinese patients were enrolled in this study. Samples from those patients were sequenced for a panel of pan-cancer genes. Results were compared to a public dataset from a cohort of Western patients. The comparison between the two populations was conducted in the driver genes, actionability, and TMB.Results The Chinese and Western cohorts had 38 and 12 driver genes, respectively. Seven driver genes (IDH1, KRAS, TP53, BAP1, PBRM1, ARID1A, and NRAS) were shared by the two cohorts. For both cohorts, half of the patients had actionable mutations. The two cohorts shared most of the actionable genes but differed much in the frequency. Though KRAS mutations were at the first and second actionable rank respectively for Chinese and Western populations, they were still at a relatively low level of actionable evidence. Four driver genes (SPTA1, ARID2, TP53, and GATA1) were found significantly correlated with the tumor mutation burden.Conclusions The revealed genomic alterations with clinical significance could help to improve the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
WITHDRAWN: Effective Learning, Leadership and Professionalism Series (ELLPS) nurturing early clinical year development: Transformation based on medical students’ feedbacks.
Authors: Nor Fadzilah Mohd , Ismail Nurhuda , Rahman Thuhairah Hasrah Abdul , Aziz Mardiana Abdul , Houssaini Jamal , Wang Seok Mui , Abdullah Bahiyah , Heo Chong Chin , Zohdi Wan Najwa Wan Ahmad 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Objective To develop an improved early clinical year development programme based on undergraduate medical students’ feedback on the existing programme. Design A one-day evaluation workshop on existing early clinical year development programme was conducted in September 2018 based on a semi-structured qualitative feedback comprising four domains which were the 1) organisation 2) overall programme content 3) comments on each topic content and 4) suggestions on the improvement for future programmes. The domain on comments and suggestions examine the attitudes on 1) what should be learnt 2) when learning should occur 3) what methods should be used 4) how learning should be assessed and 5) what kind of students’ barriers are in such development programme throughout their early clinical years. Participants A total of 220 first-year undergraduate medical students in Year 1 MBBS programme attended the workshop. Results A total of 211 (95.9%) medical students have participated in the feedback survey. Majority of students (more than 80%) were satisfied with the overall programme. Fifty students (23.7%) have provided their comments and suggestions for future improvement. Three domains emerged: 1) effective learning 2) leadership and 3) professionalism encompass eight inter-related themes: 1) packed sessions 2) interactive session 3) learning style 4) critical thinking 5) student-centred learning 6) innovative learning 7) mental fitness and 8) sharing session. Conclusions An improved early clinical year development programme is proposed based on the first-year undergraduate medical students’ feedbacks. It is a transformation to a student-based curriculum with the integration of advanced use of information technology and management education. These findings offer insights into the students’ view of future doctors’ development in effective learning, leadership and professionalism in the clinical context.
Near-source characteristics of two-phase gas-solid outbursts in roadways
Authors: Zhou Aitao , Zhang Meng , Wang Kai , Elsworth Derek 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Coal and gas outbursts compromise two-phase gas-solid mixtures as they propagate as shock waves and flows from their sources. Propagation is influenced by the form of the outburst, proximity to source, the structure and form of the transmitting roadways and the influence of obstacles. The following characterizes the propagation of coal and gas outbursts as two-phase gas-solid flows proximal to source where the coupled effects of pulverized coal and gas flows dominate behavior. The characteristics of shock wave propagation and attenuation are systematically examined for varied roadway geometries using experiments and numerical models. The results demonstrate that the geometry of roadway obstructions is significant and may result in partial compression and sometimes secondary overpressurization in blocked and small corner roadways leading to significant attenuation of outburst shock waves. The shock waves attenuate slowly in both straight and abruptly expanding roadways and more significantly in T-shaped roadways. The most significant attenuation appears in small angle corners and bifurcations in roadways with the largest attenuation occurring in blocked roadways. These results provide basic parameters for simplifying transport in complex roadway networks in the far-field, and guidance for the design of coal and gas outburst prevention facilities and disaster ventilation.