bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Repeated Administration of Extracts from Arachis hypogaea Hulls on Blood Parameters and Histological Organization of Heart, Liver and Kidneys of Rats
Authors: Nazaire Djyh Bernard , Otis Tra Bi Irié , Désiré Oungbé Monkoué , Laurent Gnahoué Goueh , Mathieu Kra Adou Koffi , Kayi D’almeida Marie-Anne , Joseph Djaman Allico 
Published: February 2020

Aims: Arachis hypogaea (peanuts) is widely used in food worldwide. Therapeutic use of various parts of this plant has been mentioned in many traditional medicinal systems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate subacute toxicity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of peanuts hulls.
Place and Duration: Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Biosciences, University Félix Houphouët-Boigny, from March to June 2018.
Methodology: Serial extraction was done using methanol and water as solvents. The study was evaluated by orally daily doses of extracts 300, 600 and 1200 mg/kg. The treatment for 28 days concerned seven groups of animals, the control group and six treated groups. Each group included six animals, 3 males and 3 females. Animals of control group didn’t have any treatment. Animals were observed for general behavioural and signs of abnormalities during the experiment. After all treatments, blood was collected for haematological and biochemical analysis. Liver, kidney, and heart were removed, weighed for histological study.
Results: The results showed that, there were not any significant (p˃0.05) changes in both the absolute and relative organ weights between the control and the test groups. Biochemical parameters were statistically equal in all groups. In addition, both extracts did not induce any significant effect on RBC and indices relating to it (HGB, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC) throughout the experimental period. But, there was a decrease (16.33±1.68) on WBC with methanolic extract compared to control (13.79±2.73). Histological examination of the liver, kidneys, and the heart showed normal organisation and structure of heart, kidneys and liver.
Conclusion: It appears that the methanolic and aqueous extracts of hull of Arachis hypogaea did not produce any toxicity in oral subacute toxicity study. However, further studies are needed to confirm long term toxicities.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Beasat Hospital in Sanandaj, West of Iran
Authors: Bahmani Nasrin , Abdolmaleki Noshin , Bahmani Afshin 
Published: February 2020

Background and Objectives: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most frequent infectious diseases which is caused by Gram-negative bacteria especially Escherichia coli. Multiple resistance to antimicrobial agents are increasing quickly in E. coli isolates and may complicate therapeutic strategies for UTI. The propose of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns and the multidrug-resistance (MDR) phenotypes in uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC).
Materials and Methods: A total of 153 UPEC isolates were collected from both hospitalized patients (95 isolates) and outpatients (58 isolates) from March to October 2018. In order to determine the MDR among UPEC isolates, we have tested 15 antimicrobial agents on Muller Hinton agar by the disk diffusion method.
Results: The percentage of MDR isolates (resistant to at least three drug classes such as fluoroquinolones, penicillins and cephalosporins) was 55.5% in the hospitalized patients and the outpatients. Antibiotic resistance to ampicillin, ceftazidime, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole was higher than 60%. Meropenem, Imipenem and norfloxacin indicated markedly greater activity (93.3%, 80% and 85.6%, respectively) than other antimicrobial agents.
Conclusions: Urinary tract infection due to MDR E. coli may be difficult to treat empirically due to high resistance to commonly used antibiotics, so, empirical antibiotic treatment should be reviewed periodically at local studies.
Electroceutical Silk–Silver Gel to Eradicate Bacterial Infection
Authors: Vieira Daniela , Angel Samuel , Honjol Yazan , Gruenheid Samantha , Gbureck Uwe , Harvey Edward , Merle Geraldine 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWith more than 50% of bacteria resistant to standard antibiotics, new strategies to treat bacterial infection and colonization are needed. Based on the concept of targeting the bacteria synergistically on various fronts, it is hypothesized that an electrical insult associated with antibacterial materials may be a highly effective means of killing bacteria. In this work, an injectable conductive gel based on silk fibroin (SF) and silver nanoparticles (Ag‐NPs) is synthesized, capable of coating a zone of injury, allowing the application of a low electrical current to decrease bacterial contamination. With a high conductivity of 1.5 S cm−1, SF/Ag‐NPs gels killed 80% of Escherichia coli in 1 min, no toxicity toward Chinese hamster ovary cells is observed. The mechanism of an electrical composite gel combined with electrical wound therapy is associated with silver ion (Ag+) release, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The findings in the present study show a similar Ag+ release for treatment with gels and the combined effect, whereas ROS generation is 50% higher when a small electrical current is applied leading to a broad bactericidal effect.
Constructing Polymorphic Nanodomains in BaTiO3 Films via Epitaxial Symmetry Engineering
Authors: Peng Wei , Zorn Jacob A. , Mun Junsik , Sheeraz Muhammad , Roh Chang Jae , Pan Jun , Wang Bo , Guo Kun , Ahn Chang Won , Zhang Yaping , Yao Kui , Lee Jong Seok , Chung Jin‐Seok , Kim Tae Heon , Chen Long‐Qing , Kim Miyoung , Wang Lingfei , Noh Tae Won 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFerroelectric materials owning a polymorphic nanodomain structure usually exhibit colossal susceptibilities to external mechanical, electrical, and thermal stimuli, thus holding huge potential for relevant applications. Despite the success of traditional strategies by means of complex composition design, alternative simple methods such as strain engineering have been intensively sought to achieve a polymorphic nanodomain state in lead‐free, simple‐composition ferroelectric oxides in recent years. Here, a nanodomain configuration with morphed structural phases is realized in an epitaxial BaTiO3 film grown on a (111)‐oriented SrTiO3 substrate. Using a combination of experimental and theoretical approaches, it is revealed that a threefold rotational symmetry element enforced by the epitaxial constraint along the [111] direction of BaTiO3 introduces considerable instability among intrinsic tetragonal, orthorhombic, and rhombohedral phases. Such phase degeneracy induces ultrafine ferroelectric nanodomains (1–10 nm) with low‐angle domain walls, which exhibit significantly enhanced dielectric and piezoelectric responses compared to the (001)‐oriented BaTiO3 film with uniaxial ferroelectricity. Therefore, the finding highlights the important role of epitaxial symmetry in domain engineering of oxide ferroelectrics and facilitates the development of dielectric capacitors and piezoelectric devices.
A Novel Strategy for Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Targeting Delivery of Methotrexate through Glucan Particles
Authors: Sun Ying , Duan Bingchao , Chen Huanhuan , Xu Xiaojuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTherapy of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been a difficult task in the medical field. There is a great clinical need for more effective treatments for IBD. Herein, a targeted oral delivery system of yeast glucan particles (YGPs) carrying a clinically used anti‐inflammatory drug methotrexate (MTX) to the inflamed sites in IBD mice for therapy is reported. In the findings, MTX is effectively loaded into YGPs through re‐precipitation followed by gelation reaction of alginate to obtain the composite YGPs/MTX, which are internalized into RAW264.7 macrophage cells through dectin‐1 and CR3 receptors. Furthermore, YGPs/MTX can suppress the proliferation of macrophage cells efficiently, leading to down‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharides. Additionally, YGPs accumulate in the inflammation site of colitis mice, enabling YGPs/MTX to target the inflammatory site, significantly improve the efficacy of MTX, and reduce the cytotoxicity of MTX. Therefore, the YGPs‐based drug delivery system provides a new strategy for MTX application in the clinical treatment of IBD.
High Entropy Intermetallic–Oxide Core–Shell Nanostructure as Superb Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalyst
Authors: Ding Zhaoyi , Bian Juanjuan , Shuang Shuo , Liu Xiaodi , Hu Yuanchao , Sun Chunwen , Yang Yong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDesigning active, stable, yet low cost electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is pivotal to the next generation energy storage technology. However, conventional OER catalysts are of low electrochemical efficiency while the state‐of‐the‐art nanoparticle‐based catalysts require mechanical supports, thereby limiting their wide deployment. Here, it is demonstrated that, due to the excellent corrosion resistance of the Fe–Co–Ni–Cr–Nb high entropy intermetallic Laves phase, fabricating a high entropy bulk porous nanostructure is possible by dealloying the corresponding eutectic alloy precursor. As a result, a core–shell nanostructure with amorphous high entropy oxide ultrathin films wrapped around the nanosized intermetallic ligaments is obtained, which together, exhibits an extraordinarily large active surface area, fast dynamics, and superb long‐term durability, outperforming the existing alloy‐ and ceramic‐based OER electrocatalysts. The outcome of the research suggests that the paradigm of “high entropy” design can be used to develop high performance catalytic materials.
Computational Assessment of Water Desalination Performance of Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Ghoufi Aziz , Szymczyk Anthony 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe desalination performance (water permeability and salt rejection) of both uncharged and charged multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is computationally assessed by means of pressure‐driven molecular dynamics simulations. It is shown that the performance of these materials surpass that of the widely used polyamide reverse osmosis membranes and are even better than 2D materials such as nanoporous graphene or boron nitride. The molecular origin of the fast water transport through MWCNT materials is ascribed to a synergic effect between the existence of a single water layer and low friction between water molecules and the carbon nanotube surface. Furthermore, for charged MWCNTs it is highlighted that the electrical charges on the nanotube surface result in a strong anchoring of ions and water molecules. This leads to clogging of the annular region between nanotubes and the generation of a force, which makes water transport through the central channel of the MWCNT faster.
Irrigation, carbon amelioration, nitrogen, and stover removal effects on continuous corn
Authors: Schmer Marty R. , Jin Virginia L. , Ferguson Richard B. , Wienhold Brian J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCorn (Zea mays L.) residue or stover is harvested as supplemental feed for livestock and is a potential feedstock for cellulosic biofuels. Limited information is available on corn stover removal effects on grain yield under different irrigation rates, nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates, and practices to maintain soil carbon (C) and minimize soil erosion. We evaluated potential interactions between irrigation rate (full or limited), C amelioration practices (cover crop, surface‐applied manure, or no amelioration practice), fertilizer N management (125 or 200 kg N ha−1), and stover removal (residue removal or no residue removal), on no‐till continuous corn grain yield located on a silt loam soil in south‐central Nebraska (2011–2018). Stover removal increased (P = .0017) grain yield by 1.02 Mg ha−1 and grain N uptake compared with no stover removal. Manure increased corn grain yield by 899 kg ha−1 compared to either the control or cover crop with stover removal while C amelioration practices did not affect grain yield under stover retention. Grain N concentration was higher (P < .0001) with stover removal (13.2 g kg−1) than residue retained (12.7 g kg−1). Partial factor productivity (grain yield/N rate) was highest for manure treatments with residue removal. The farmgate N balance (N applied − N removed) from stover removal was negative, yet grain yield was not affected after eight growing seasons. Grain yield increased with stover removal and manure application resulting in a cost‐effective C amelioration practice whereas incorporating a winter cover crop resulted in similar grain yield as the control.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Selective C(sp3)−H Thiolation of Arylacetamides with Substituted Benzenethiols, Aryl Sulfenylchlorides and Diaryl Disulfides
Authors: Liu Changying , Li Zheyu , Weng Zhengyun , Fang Xinyue , Zhao Fei , Tang Kehui , Chen Jianyang , Ma Wenbo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA synthetic method for the preparation of unsymmetrical 2‐arylthioacetamides though direct C(sp3)−H thiolation of arylacetamides with readily available substituted thiols, sulfenylchlorides and disulfides have been developed. Our strategy features a green reaction medium with ample substrate scope, affording the mono‐thiolated aryl acetic acid derivatives in moderate to good yields in the presence of weak bases without any transition‐metal catalyst.
Influence of Electron–Phonon Interaction on the Lattice Thermal Conductivity in Single‐Crystal Si
Authors: Fang Teng , Xin Jiazhan , Fu Chenguang , Li Dongsheng , Zhao Xinbing , Felser Claudia , Zhu Tiejun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLattice thermal conductivity can be reduced by introducing point defect, grain boundary, and nanoscale precipitates to scatter phonons of different wave‐lengths, etc. Recently, the effect of electron–phonon (EP) interaction on phonon transport has attracted more and more attention, especially in heavily doped semiconductors. Here the effect of EP interaction in n‐type P‐doped single‐crystal Si has been investigated. The lattice thermal conductivity decreases dramatically with increasing P doping. This reduction on lattice thermal conductivity cannot be explained solely considering point defect scattering. Further, the lattice thermal conductivity can be fitted well by introducing EP interaction into the modified Debye–Callaway model, which demonstrates that the EP interaction can play an important role in reducing lattice thermal conductivity of n‐type P‐doped single‐crystal Si.
Totalsynthese von α‐ und β‐Amanitin
Authors: Lutz Christian , Simon Werner , Werner‐Simon Susanne , Pahl Andreas , Müller Christoph 
Published: February 2020

Abstractα‐Amanitin und verwandte Amatoxine werden schon über 60 Jahre hauptsächlich durch Isolierung aus dem grünen Knollenblätterpilz untersucht. Die Totalsynthese blieb jedoch wegen der einzigartigen Struktureigenschaften schwierig. α‐Amanitin ist ein potenter Inhibitor der RNA‐Polymerase II. Die Unterbrechung dieses fundamentalen Transkriptionsprozesses von Eukaryonten führt unweigerlich zur Apoptose. Dieser einzigartige Mechanismus macht das Toxin zu einem idealen Kandidaten für Antikörper‐Toxin‐Konjugate (ADCs). Nur Mikrogramm‐Mengen des Toxins, selektiv an den Wirkort des Tumors gebracht, reichen aus, um maligne Tumorzellen nahezu jeder Herkunft in die Apoptose zu zwingen. Indem die stereoselektive Synthese von Dihydroxyisoleucin, der photochemische Zugang zu einer Tryptathionvorstufe, die Festphasensynthese und die Makrozyklisierung realisiert wurden, wurde ein skalierbarer Prozess zu totalsynthetischem α‐Amanitin erhalten. Dies macht α‐Amanitin und seine Derivate zugänglich für die Entwicklung neuer ADCs.
Rationally Designed Three‐Layered Cu2S@Carbon@MoS2 Hierarchical Nanoboxes for Efficient Sodium Storage
Authors: Fang Yongjin , Luan Deyan , Chen Ye , Gao Shuyan , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHybrid materials, integrating the merits of individual components, are ideal structures for efficient sodium storage. However, the construction of hybrid structures with decent physical/electrochemical properties is still challenging. Now, the elaborate design and synthesis of hierarchical nanoboxes composed of three‐layered Cu2S@carbon@MoS2 as anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries is reported. Through a facile multistep template‐engaged strategy, ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets are grown on nitrogen‐doped carbon‐coated Cu2S nanoboxes to realize the Cu2S@carbon@MoS2 configuration. The design shortens the diffusion path of electrons/Na+ ions, accommodates the volume change of electrodes during cycling, enhances the electric conductivity of the hybrids, and offers abundant active sites for sodium uptake. By virtue of these advantages, these three‐layered Cu2S@carbon@MoS2 hierarchical nanoboxes show excellent electrochemical properties in terms of decent rate capability and stable cycle life.
Biocompatible and pH‐Responsive Colloidal Surfactants with Tunable Shape for Controlled Interfacial Curvature
Authors: Sun Zhu , Yang Chenjing , Wang Fan , Wu Baiheng , Shao Baiqi , Li Zhuocheng , Chen Dong , Yang Zhenzhong , Liu Kai 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMolecular‐surfactant‐stabilized emulsions are susceptible to coalescence and Ostwald ripening. Amphiphilic particles, which have a much stronger anchoring strength at the interface, could effectively alleviate these problems to form stable Pickering emulsions. Herein, we describe a versatile method to fabricate biocompatible amphiphilic dimer particles through controlled coprecipitation and phase separation. The dimer particles consist of a hydrophobic PLA bulb and a hydrophilic shellac–PEG bulb, thus resembling nonionic molecular surfactants. The size and diameter ratio of the dimer particles are readily tunable, providing flexible control over the water/oil interfacial curvature and thus the type of emulsion. The particle‐stabilized emulsions were stable for a long period of time and could be destabilized through a pH‐triggered response. The biocompatible amphiphilic dimer particles with tunable morphology and functionality are thus ideal colloidal surfactants for various applications.
When antegrade microcatheter does not follow: The “facilitated tip‐in technique”
Authors: Venuti Giuseppe , D'Agosta Guido , Tamburino Corrado , La Manna Alessio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe introduction of retrograde techniques in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of chronic total occlusion (CTO) has significantly improved the success rates. After crossing the CTO lesion in the retrograde approach, wire externalization is a pivotal step to complete the PCI. Many techniques have been described to accomplish externalization in different scenarios of increasing difficulty. We describe the novel “facilitated tip‐in technique” which involves the insertion of the back end of an extra‐guidewire into and through the antegrade microcatheter (MC) in order to increase antegrade support and overcome demanding CTO cases where, even after successful tip‐in technique, the antegrade MC does not cross the CTO segment.
Early restenosis of a direct flow transcatheter aortic valve prosthesis
Authors: Veulemans Verena , Polzin Amin , Piayda Kerstin , Zeus Tobias 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDue to limited case numbers, severe Direct flow™ transcatheter device restenosis is, until now, a rare event with unknown long‐term incidence, but challenging several treatment strategies. This case report gives an overview of possible interventional treatment considerations in this context that might occur more often in the future due to expected valve deterioration processes in the next years.
Amplified Anodic Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of Tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) for the Sensitive Detection of Isatin
Authors: Abdussalam Abubakar , Guan Yiran , Xu Guobao 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIsatin is an endogenous indole derivative that has been reported to possess various pharmacological and therapeutic activities of clinical importance. To date, isatin has been detected mainly by mass spectrometry. Here, we report for the first time the intense anodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) with isatin as an efficient co‐reactant. Interestingly, the ECL response of the Ru(bpy)32+/isatin system in borate buffer solution is about 12 times more intense than in phosphate buffer of the same pH; and approximately 114 times greater than the ECL intensity of the luminophore. Under the optimal conditions, the ECL of Ru(bpy)32+ increases linearly with the concentration of the isatin in the range of 1.0 μM to 1.0 mM (R2=0.998) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.28 μM (3σ/m). Moreover, the method has been successfully applied to the detection of isatin in human urine. The developed method has shown excellent recoveries in the range of 99.7–101.3 %. The anodic ECL assay reported in this work is superior in terms of linear range and selectivity than the previously reported methods and can be applied for the detection of isatin in real samples.
Supramolecular Regulation of Polydopamine Formation by Amyloid Fibers
Authors: Shin J. H. , Le Nghia T. K. , Jang Hongje , Lee Taehoon , Kang Kyungtae 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPolydopamine (PD) and melanin species are chemically complex systems, the formation and properties of which are incompletely understood. Inspired by the role of functional amyloids in melanin biosynthesis, this paper examines the influences of the supramolecular structure of amyloids on oxidative polymerization of dopamine. Kinetic analyses on the formation of PD species in the presence of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) fibers or soluble HEWL revealed that both forms gave rise to the total quantity of PD species, but the rate of their formation could be accelerated only by the amyloid form. PD species formed with HEWL fibers showed a morphology of bundled fibers, whereas those with soluble HEWL had a mesh‐like structure. Amyloid fibers of recombinant Pmel17 had properties similar to those of HEWL fibers in modulating PD formation. The results presented here suggest how nature designs functionality with an amyloid structure and can help understand and engineer chemistries of other functional amyloids.
High voltage gain dual‐input dual‐output DC‐DC converter with reduced voltage stress on semiconductors
Authors: Jalilzadeh Tohid , Rostami Naghi , Babaei Ebrahim , Hosseini Seyed Hossein 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThis paper proposes a new nonisolated multiport DC‐DC converter with two inputs and two outputs with different voltage levels. Different energy sources with distinct voltage‐current characteristics can be utilized as the input sources. Regarding multiple outputs, the proposed converter can be utilized in electric vehicles (EVs) to supply the DC traction motor and the auxiliary loads. The main advantages of the proposed converter include the high voltage gain with small values of the duty cycles, low normalized peak voltage stress (NPVS) across the semiconductors, and the continuous input currents. The voltage stress across the semiconductors is lower than the maximum output voltage. This feature makes it possible to use the switches with low turn‐on resistance and the diodes with reduced rating voltage. Performance principals of the proposed converter along with the steady‐state analysis, such as the derivation of the voltage gains, voltage and current stresses of the semiconductors, etc, are carried out. Experimental measurements made for the laboratory prototype of the proposed converter confirm the theoretical analysis.