bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sigma models with local couplings: a new integrability-RG flow connection
Authors: Hoare Ben , Levine Nat , Tseytlin Arkady A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We consider several classes of σ-models (on groups and symmetric spaces, η-models, ⋋-models) with local couplings that may depend on the 2d coordinates, e.g. on time τ . We observe that (i) starting with a classically integrable 2d σ-model, (ii) formally promoting its couplings hα to functions hα(τ ) of 2d time, and (iii) demanding that the resulting time-dependent model also admits a Lax connection implies that hα(τ ) must solve the 1-loop RG equations of the original theory with τ interpreted as RG time. This provides a novel example of an ‘integrability-RG flow’ connection. The existence of a Lax connection suggests that these time-dependent σ-models may themselves be understood as integrable. We investigate this question by studying the possibility of constructing non-local and local conserved charges. Such σ-models with D-dimensional target space and time-dependent couplings subject to the RG flow naturally appear in string theory upon fixing the light-cone gauge in a (D + 2)-dimensional conformal σ-model with a metric admitting a covariantly constant null Killing vector and a dilaton linear in the null coordinate.
Probing electroweak baryogenesis induced by extra bottom Yukawa coupling via EDMs and collider signatures
Authors: Modak Tanmoy , Senaha Eibun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We study the prospect of probing electroweak baryogenesis driven by an extra bottom Yukawa coupling ρbb in a general two Higgs doublet model via electric dipole moment (EDM) measurements and at the collider experiments. The parameter space receives meaningful constraints from 125 GeV Higgs h boson signal strength measurements as well as several heavy Higgs boson searches at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In addition, we show that the asymmetry of the CP asymmetry of inclusive B → Xsγ decay would provide complementary probe. A discovery is possible at the LHC via bg → bA → bZh process if |ρbb| ∼ 0.15 and 250 GeV≲ mA ≲ 350 GeV, where A is CP odd scalar. For mA> 2mt threshold, where mt is the top quark mass, one may also discover bg → bA →$$ bt\overline{t} $$
bt

t
¯

at the high luminosity LHC run if an extra top Yukawa coupling |ρtt| ∼ 0.5, though it may suffer from systematic uncertainties. For completeness we study gg →$$ t\overline{t}A $$
t

t
¯

A
→$$ t\overline{t}b\overline{b} $$
t

t
¯

b

b
¯

but find it not promising.
Quiver Yangian from crystal melting
Authors: Li Wei , Yamazaki Masahito 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We find a new infinite class of infinite-dimensional algebras acting on BPS states for non-compact toric Calabi-Yau threefolds. In Type IIA superstring compactification on a toric Calabi-Yau threefold, the D-branes wrapping holomorphic cycles represent the BPS states, and the fixed points of the moduli spaces of BPS states are described by statistical configurations of crystal melting. Our algebras are “bootstrapped” from the molten crystal configurations, hence they act on the BPS states. We discuss the truncation of the algebra and its relation with D4-branes. We illustrate our results in many examples, with and without compact 4-cycles.
Nonrelativistic spinning strings
Authors: Roychowdhury Dibakar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We construct nonrelativistic spinning string solutions corresponding to SU(1, 2|3) Spin-Matrix theory (SMT) limit of strings in AdS5× S5. Considering various nonrelativistic spinning string configurations both in AdS5 as well as S5 we obtain corresponding dispersion relations in the strong coupling regime of SMT where the strong coupling ($$ \sim \sqrt{\mathfrak{g}} $$
∼

g

) corrections near the BPS bound have been estimated in the slow spinning limit of strings in AdS5. We generalize our results explicitly by constructing three spin folded string configurations that has two of its spins along AdS5 and one along S5. Our analysis reveals that the correction to the spectrum depends non trivially on the length of the NR string in AdS5. The rest of the paper essentially unfolds the underlying connection between SU(1, 2|3) Spin-Matrix theory (SMT) limit of strings in AdS5× S5 and the nonrelativistic Neumann-Rosochatius like integrable models in 1D. Taking two specific examples of NR spinning strings in R × S3 as well as in certain sub-sector of AdS5 we show that similar reduction is indeed possible where one can estimate the spectrum of the theory using 1D model.
If I tweet will you cite later? Follow-up on the effect of social media exposure on article downloads and citations
Authors: Tonia Thomy , Van Oyen Herman , Berger Anke , Schindler Christian , Künzli Nino 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe previously reported that random assignment of scientific articles to a social media exposure intervention did not have an effect on article downloads and citations. In this paper, we investigate whether longer observation time after exposure to a social media intervention has altered the previously reported results.MethodsFor articles published in the International Journal of Public Health between December 2012 and December 2014, we updated article download and citation data for a minimum of 24-month follow-up. We re-analysed the effect of social media exposure on article downloads and citations.ResultsThere was no difference between intervention and control group in terms of downloads (p = 0.72) and citations (p= 0.30) for all papers and when we stratified by open access status.ConclusionsLonger observation time did not increase the relative differences in the numbers of downloads and citations between papers in the social media intervention group and papers in the control group. Traditional impact metrics based on citations, such as impact factor, may not capture the added value of social media for scientific publications.
Diabetisches Fußsyndrom – Teil 1
Authors:   Kommission PAVK und Diabetisches Fußsyndrom der DGG e. V., Rümenapf G. , Morbach S. , Rother U. , Uhl C. , Görtz H. , Böckler D. , Behrendt C.‑A. , Hochlenert D. , Engels G. , Sigl M. 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungIn Deutschland leben ca. 8 Mio. Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus. Eine Spätfolge dieser Erkrankung ist das diabetische Fußsyndrom (DFS), dessen Prävalenz stark ansteigt. Es umfasst alle Veränderungen am Fuß als Folge der diabetischen Polyneuropathie sowie mikro- und makroangiopathischer (periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit, PAVK) Veränderungen. Jährlich entstehen ca. 250.000 neue diabetische Fußulzera. Diese werden oft zu chronischen Wunden. Trotz intensiver Bemühungen um Prävention, frühzeitige Diagnostik und stadiengerechte Wundbehandlung werden in Deutschland jährlich ca. 13.000 Majoramputationen bei Diabetikern durchgeführt. Bei konsequenter Therapie des DFS in interdisziplinären Zentren mit Ausschöpfung aller Möglichkeiten der Wundbehandlung, der Druckentlastung sowie einer arteriellen Revaskularisation kann die Majoramputationsrate um bis zu 80 % gesenkt werden. Durch eine geeignete Präventionsstrategie wäre die große Gefahr der Rezidivulzera geringer.
Novel testing strategy for prediction of rat biliary excretion of intravenously administered estradiol-17β glucuronide
Authors: Noorlander Annelies , Fabian Eric , van Ravenzwaay Bennard , Rietjens Ivonne M. C. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to develop a generic rat physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model that includes a novel testing strategy where active biliary excretion is incorporated using estradiol-17β glucuronide (E217βG) as the model substance. A major challenge was the definition of the scaling factor for the in vitro to in vivo conversion of the PBK-model parameter Vmax. In vitro values for the Vmax and Km for transport of E217βG were found in the literature in four different studies based on experiments with primary rat hepatocytes. The required scaling factor was defined based on fitting the PBK model-based predicted values to reported experimental data on E217βG blood levels and cumulative biliary E217βG excretion. This resulted in a scaling factor of 129 mg protein/g liver. With this scaling factor the PBK model predicted the in vivo data for blood and cumulative biliary E217βG levels with on average of less than 1.8-fold deviation. The study provides a proof of principle on how biliary excretion can be included in a generic PBK model using primary hepatocytes to define the kinetic parameters that describe the biliary excretion.
Acute, reproductive, and developmental toxicity of essential oils assessed with alternative in vitro and in vivo systems
Authors: Lanzerstorfer Peter , Sandner Georg , Pitsch Johannes , Mascher Bianca , Aumiller Tobias , Weghuber Julian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEssential oils (EOs) have attracted increased interest for different applications such as food preservatives, feed additives and ingredients in cosmetics. Due to their reported variable composition of components, they might be acutely toxic to humans and animals in small amounts. Despite the necessity, rigorous toxicity testing in terms of safety evaluation has not been reported so far, especially using alternatives to animal models. Here, we provide a strategy by use of alternative in vitro (cell cultures) and in vivo (Caenorhabditis elegans, hen’s egg test) approaches for detailed investigation of the impact of commonly used rosemary, citrus and eucalyptus essential oil on acute, developmental and reproductive toxicity as well as on mucous membrane irritation. In general, all EOs under study exhibited a comparable impact on measured parameters, with a slightly increased toxic potential of rosemary oil. In vitro cell culture results indicated a concentration-dependent decrease of cell viability for all EOs, with mean IC50 values ranging from 0.08 to 0.17% [v/v]. Similar results were obtained for the C. elegans model when using a sensitized bus-5 mutant strain, with a mean LC50 value of 0.42% [v/v]. In wild-type nematodes, approximately tenfold higher LC50 values were detected. C. elegans development and reproduction was already significantly inhibited at concentrations of 0.5% (wild-type) and 0.1% (bus-5) [v/v] of EO, respectively. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation of xenobiotic and oxidative stress genes such as cyp-14a3, gst-4, gpx-6 and sod-3. Furthermore, all three EOs under study showed an increased short-time mucous membrane irritation potential, already at 0.5% [v/v] of EO. Finally, GC–MS analysis was performed to quantitate the relative concentration of the most prominent EO compounds. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that EOs can exhibit severe toxic properties, already at low concentrations. Therefore, a detailed toxicological assessment is highly recommended for each EO and single intended application.
Diagnostic value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in comparison to endomyocardial biopsy in cardiac amyloidosis: a multi-centre study
Authors: Chatzantonis Grigorios , Bietenbeck Michael , Elsanhoury Ahmed , Tschöpe Carsten , Pieske Burkert , Tauscher Gloria , Vietheer Julia , Shomanova Zornitsa , Mahrholdt Heiko , Rolf Andreas , Kelle Sebastian , Yilmaz Ali 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is an infiltrative disease characterised by accumulation of amyloid deposits in the extracellular space of the myocardium—comprising transthyretin (ATTR) and light chain (AL) amyloidosis as the most frequent subtypes. Histopathological proof of amyloid deposits by endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is the gold standard for diagnosis of CA. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) allows non-invasive workup of suspected CA. We conducted a multi-centre study to assess the diagnostic value of CMR in comparison to EMB for the diagnosis of CA.

Methods
We studied N = 160 patients characterised by symptoms of heart failure and presence of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy of unknown origin who presented to specialised cardiomyopathy centres in Germany and underwent further diagnostic workup by both CMR and EMB. If CA was diagnosed, additional subtyping based on EMB specimens and monoclonal protein studies in serum was performed. The CMR protocol comprised cine- and late-gadolinium-enhancement (LGE)-imaging as well as native and post-contrast T1-mapping (in a subgroup)—allowing to measure extracellular volume fraction (ECV) of the myocardium.

Results
An EMB-based diagnosis of CA was made in N = 120 patients (CA group) whereas N = 40 patients demonstrated other diagnoses (CONTROL group). In the CA group, N = 114 (95%) patients showed a characteristic pattern of LGE indicative of CA. In the CONTROL group, only 1/40 (2%) patient showed a “false-positive” LGE pattern suggestive of CA. In the CA group, there was no patient with elevated T1-/ECV-values without a characteristic pattern of LGE indicative of CA. LGE-CMR showed a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 98% for the diagnosis of CA. The combination of a characteristic LGE pattern indicating CA with unremarkable monoclonal protein studies resulted in the diagnosis of ATTR-CA (confirmed by EMB) with a specificity of 98% [95%-confidence interval (CI) 92–100%] and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 99% (95%-CI 92–100%), respectively. The EMB-associated risk of complications was 3.13% in this study—without any detrimental or persistent complications.

Conclusion
Non-invasive CMR shows an excellent diagnostic accuracy and yield regarding CA. When combined with monoclonal protein studies, CMR can differentiate ATTR from AL with high accuracy and predictive value. However, invasive EMB remains a safe invasive gold-standard and allows to differentiate CA from other cardiomyopathies that can also cause LV hypertrophy.
Reproductive risks in 35-year-old adults born very preterm and/or with very low birth weight: an observational study
Authors: van der Pal Sylvia M. , van der Meulen Sanne A. , Welters Sophie M. , Bakker Leonhard A. , de Groot Christianne J. M. , van Kaam Anton H. , Verrips Erik (G.H.W.) 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEvidence suggests that increased survival over the last decades of very preterm (VPT; gestational age < 32 weeks)– and very low birth weight (VLBW; birth weight < 1500 g)–born infants is not matched by improved outcomes. The objective of our study was to evaluate the reproductive rate, fertility, and pregnancy complications in 35-year-old VPT/VLBW subjects. All Dutch VPT/VLBW infants born alive in 1983 and surviving until age 35 (n = 955) were eligible for a POPS-35 study. A total of 370 (39%) subjects completed a survey on reproductive rate, fertility problems, pregnancy complications, and perinatal outcomes of their offspring. We tested differences in these parameters between the VPT/VLBW subjects and their peers from Dutch national registries. POPS-35 participants had less children than their peers in the CBS registry. They reported more problems in conception and pregnancy complications, including a three times increased risk of hypertension during pregnancy.Conclusion: Reproduction is more problematic in 35-year olds born VPT/VLBW than in the general population, possibly mediated by an increased risk for hypertension, but their offspring have no elevated risk for preterm birth.

What is known:At age 28, the Dutch national POPS cohort, born very preterm or with a very low birth in 1983, had lower reproductive rates than the general Dutch population (female 23% versus 32% and male 7% versus 22%).What is new:At age 35, the Dutch POPS cohort still had fewer children than the general Dutch population (female 56% versus 74% and male 40% versus 56%). Females in the POPS cohort had a higher risk of fertility problems and pregnancy complications than their peers in the Dutch national registries, but their offspring had no elevated risk for preterm birth.
Immunolocalization of leptin and leptin receptor in colorectal mucosa of ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease and control subjects with no inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Merigo Flavia , Brandolese Alessandro , Facchin Sonia , Boschi Federico , Di Chio Marzia , Savarino Edoardo , D’Incà Renata , Sturniolo Giacomo Carlo , Sbarbati Andrea 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe expression of leptin and leptin receptor (Ob-R) has been partially elucidated in colon of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), even though leptin is involved in angiogenesis and inflammation. We previously reported overexpression of GLUT5 fructose transporter, in aberrant clusters of lymphatic vessels inlamina propriaof IBD and controls. Here, we examine leptin and Ob-R expression in the same biopsies. Specimens were obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD) and controls who underwent screening for colorectal cancer, follow-up after polypectomy or with a history of lower gastrointestinal symptoms. Immunohistochemistry revealed leptin in apical and basolateral membranes of short epithelial portions, Ob-R on the apical pole of epithelial cells. Leptin and Ob-R were also identified in structures and cells scattered in thelamina propria. In UC, a significant correlation between leptin and Ob-R in thelamina propriawas found in all inflamed samples, beyond non-inflamed samples of the proximal tract, while in CD, it was found in inflamed distal samples. Most of the leptin and Ob-R positive areas in thelamina propriawere also GLUT5 immunoreactive in inflamed and non-inflamed mucosa. A significant correlation of leptin or Ob-R expression with GLUT5 was observed in the inflamed distal samples from UC. Our findings suggest that there are different sites of leptin and Ob-R expression in large intestine and those inlamina propriado not reflect thestatusof mucosal inflammation. The co-localization of leptin and/or Ob-R with GLUT5 may indicate concomitance effects in colorectallamina propriaareas.
Expectations and perception of cancer treatment goals in previously untreated patients. The EXPECT trial
Authors: Minichsdorfer Christoph , Zeller O. , Kirschbaum M. , Berghoff A. S. , Bartsch R. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Misconceptions regarding activity and toxicity of therapeutic interventions are common among cancer patients. There is little knowledge about the factors that contribute to a more realistic perception by patients.

Methods
This pilot study was designed as a prospective questionnaire survey and included 101 therapy-naïve patients treated at the Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna. After obtaining written informed consent, patients’ expectations about treatment aims, side effects and the satisfaction with their oncologic consultation were interrogated before the first treatment cycle by questionnaires.

Results
Of 101 patients, 53 (53%) were female and 67/101 (66%) were treated with curative attempt in an adjuvant or neo-adjuvant setting. The most common diagnoses were lung cancer (31%) and breast cancer (30%). Although 92% of patients were satisfied with the information given by their oncologist, palliative patients were more likely to declare that not everything was explained in an intelligible manner (p = 0.01). Patients with a first language other than German stated more often that their physician did not listen carefully enough (p = 0.02). Of 30 patients, 26 (87%) receiving chemotherapy with palliative intent believed that their disease was curable. Concerning adverse events, female patients anticipated more frequently hair loss (p = 0.003) and changes in taste (p = 0.001) compared to men. Patients under curative treatment were more likely to expect weight loss (p = 0.02) and lack of appetite (p = 0.01) compared to patients with palliative treatment intent.

Conclusion
In conclusion, cancer patients were satisfied with the patient-doctor communication. This prospective study aggregated patients’ concerns on side effects and the perception of therapeutic goals in therapy-naïve patients. Of note, the majority of patients treated in the palliative setting expected their treatment to cure the disease.
Sleep problems among adolescents within child and adolescent mental health services. An epidemiological study with registry linkage
Authors: Hysing Mari , Heradstveit Ove , Harvey Allison G. , Nilsen Sondre Aasen , Bøe Tormod , Sivertsen Børge 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSleep problems are prevalent among adolescents, especially among those diagnosed with mental health disorders. There is insufficient knowledge about sleep among adolescents within child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) in comparison to the general population. The data are drawn from the youth@hordaland study, a large population-based study conducted in 2012, linked to the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR) (n = 9077). Psychiatric disorders were based on clinical diagnoses from the NPR, while insomnia, delayed sleep–wake-phase disorder (DSWPD), and other sleep problems/patterns were assessed by self-report questionnaires from youth@hordaland. The prevalence of diagnosed sleep disorders among adolescents seeking mental health services was 0.6%, yielding an estimated prevalence of 0.07% of the population. However, questionnaire-based measurement of insomnia from the youth@hordaland study indicated that insomnia was highly prevalent across disorders in comparison to a reference group of adolescents who were not within mental health care. Insomnia ranged from 29% among adolescents diagnosed with ADHD (PR = 1.79; 95% CI 1.41–2.29) to 48% among adolescents diagnosed with depression (PR = 2.53, 95% CI 2.19–2.92). All diagnostic groups had a mean sleep efficiency below (85%), indicating poor sleep quality. Insomnia, delayed sleep-phase wake disorder, and poor sleep efficiency were confirmed as transdiagnostic sleep problems across psychiatric disorders. In addition, some disorder-specific patterns emerged, such as a higher prevalence of insomnia among adolescents with depression, and DSWPS among adolescents with conduct disorder. This underscores the need for treating sleep problems in CAMHS, and transdiagnostic treatment approaches are warranted.
Whole-exome sequencing in patients with protein aggregate myopathies reveals causative mutations associated with novel atypical phenotypes
Authors: Machnicki Marcin M. , Guglielmi Valeria , Pancheri Elia , Gualandi Francesca , Verriello Lorenzo , Pruszczyk Katarzyna , Kosinska Joanna , Sangalli Antonella , Rydzanicz Malgorzata , Romanelli Maria Grazia , Neri Marcella , Ploski Rafal , Tonin Paola , Tomelleri Giuliano , Stoklosa Tomasz , Vattemi Gaetano 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Myofibrillar myopathies (MFM) are a subgroup of protein aggregate myopathies (PAM) characterized by a common histological picture of myofibrillar dissolution, Z-disk disintegration, and accumulation of degradation products into inclusions. Mutations in genes encoding components of the Z-disk or Z-disk-associated proteins occur in some patients whereas in most of the cases, the causative gene defect is still unknown. We aimed to search for pathogenic mutations in genes not previously associated with MFM phenotype.

Methods
We performed whole-exome sequencing in four patients from three unrelated families who were diagnosed with PAM without aberrations in causative genes for MFM.

Results
In the first patient and her affected daughter, we identified a heterozygous p.(Arg89Cys) missense mutation in LMNA gene which has not been linked with PAM pathology before. In the second patient, a heterozygous p.(Asn4807Phe) mutation in RYR1 not previously described in PAM represents a novel, candidate gene with a possible causative role in the disease. Finally, in the third patient and his symptomatic daughter, we found a previously reported heterozygous p.(Cys30071Arg) mutation in TTN gene that was clinically associated with cardiac involvement.

Conclusions
Our study identifies a new genetic background in PAM pathology and expands the clinical phenotype of known pathogenic mutations.