bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manganese‐Doping‐Induced Quantum Confinement within Host Perovskite Nanocrystals through Ruddlesden–Popper Defects
Authors: Paul Sharmistha , Bladt Eva , Richter Alexander F. , Döblinger Markus , Tong Yu , Huang He , Dey Amrita , Bals Sara , Debnath Tushar , Polavarapu Lakshminarayana , Feldmann Jochen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe concept of doping Mn2+ ions into II–VI semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) was recently extended to perovskite NCs. To date, most studies on Mn2+ doped NCs focus on enhancing the emission related to the Mn2+ dopant via an energy transfer mechanism. Herein, we found that the doping of Mn2+ ions into CsPbCl3 NCs not only results in a Mn2+‐related orange emission, but also strongly influences the excitonic properties of the host NCs. We observe for the first time that Mn2+ doping leads to the formation of Ruddlesden–Popper (R.P.) defects and thus induces quantum confinement within the host NCs. We find that a slight doping with Mn2+ ions improves the size distribution of the NCs, which results in a prominent excitonic peak. However, with increasing the Mn2+ concentration, the number of R.P. planes increases leading to smaller single‐crystal domains. The thus enhanced confinement and crystal inhomogeneity cause a gradual blue shift and broadening of the excitonic transition, respectively.
Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of Nine‐Membered CF3‐Substituted Heterocycles Using a Single Chiral Ligand: Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Ring Expansion with Kinetic Resolution
Authors: Uno Hiroto , Punna Nagender , Tokunaga Etsuko , Shiro Motoo , Shibata Norio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe two enantiomers of trifluoromethyl‐benzo[c][1,5]oxazonines, (R)‐4and (S)‐4, can be selectively accessed with high enantiopurity by the Pd‐catalyzed ring‐expansion reaction of trifluoromethyl‐benzo[d][1,3]oxazinones (1) with vinyl ethylene carbonates (3) using one antipode of a chiral ligand. Initially, the reaction proceeds by a double decarboxylative ring‐expansion with kinetic resolution of1in the presence of a Pd‐catalyst/chiral ligand to provide (R)‐4with high enantiopurity. At the same time, the nonreactive antipode of1, (S)‐1, which was recovered with an impeccable s factor of up to 713 and an ideal chemical yield, was transferred into the antipode of the products, (S)‐4, with high enantiopurity by a second run of the Pd‐catalyzed double decarboxylation reaction, but this time without any chiral auxiliary. Thus, both antipodes of the chiral trifluoromethyl heterocycles4can be obtained in excellent enantiopurity using only a single antipode of the chiral catalyst.
Low‐fouling polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes with amphiphilic sulfobetaine polyamide as additive
Authors: Sun Xiuhua , Hu Wenzheng , Gao Changlu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, amphiphilic sulfobetaine polyamide (sPA) oligomers with sulfobetaine as end groups and arylamide as backbone were synthesized as the pore‐forming additive for the preparation of polysulfone membranes. This additive showed good solubility and compatibility with the membrane casting solution due to the self‐assembly behaviors of sPA in organic solvent. Moreover, the effects of hydrophobic chain length and additive dosage on membrane morphology, hydrophilicity, permeability, antifouling, and mechanical properties were systematically studied. In view of these results, it can be concluded that the higher content and smaller size of sPA in the casting solution correlated with better filtration and separation performances of the membranes. Results showed that the pure water flux increased from 68.2 L m−2 hr−1 for the pristine membrane to a maximum of 205 L m−2 hr−1 for the blend membrane, meanwhile, the protein rejection ratio was above 95.2% and the flux recovery ratio was promoted from 68.3% to above 85.0%. The fouling resistance of the blend membranes was further demonstrated by significantly reduced protein/bacteria adhesion. And consistent high‐performances in filtration and separation were demonstrated after the blend membranes were treated at 90°C.
Influence of socioeconomic status on immediate breast reconstruction rate, patient information and involvement in surgical decision-making
Authors: Frisell A , Lagergren J , Halle M , Boniface J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) rates in breast cancer differ between healthcare regions in Sweden. This is not explained by regional differences in patient age distribution or tumour characteristics, but by differences in patient-reported information and patient involvement in the decision-making process. As socioeconomic status may play a significant role in surgical decision-making, its potential associations with IBR rates were analysed.

Methods
Women who had undergone therapeutic mastectomy for primary breast cancer in Sweden in 2013 were included in the analysis. Tumour and treatment data were retrieved from the Swedish National Breast Cancer Register, and socioeconomic background data from the Central Bureau of Statistics Sweden. Postal questionnaires regarding information about reconstruction and perceived involvement in the preoperative decision-making process had been sent out in a previous survey.

Results
In addition to regional differences, lower tumour and nodal category, independent factors increasing the likelihood of having IBR for the 3131 women in the study were living without a registered partner, having current employment and high income per household. Patient-reported perceived preoperative information (odds ratio (OR) 12·73, 95 per cent c.i. 6·03 to 26·89) and the feeling of being involved in the decision-making process (OR 2·56, 1·14 to 5·76) remained strong independent predictors of IBR despite adjustment for socioeconomic factors. Importantly, responders to the survey represented a relatively young and wealthy population with a lower tumour burden.

Conclusion
Several socioeconomic factors independently influence IBR rates; however, patient-reported information and involvement in the surgical decision-making process remain independent predictors for the likelihood of having IBR.
Cyp1 Inhibition Prevents Doxorubicin‐Induced Cardiomyopathy in a Zebrafish Heart‐Failure Model
Authors: Lam Pui‐Ying , Kutchukian Peter , Anand Rajan , Imbriglio Jason , Andrews Christine , Padilla Hugo , Vohra Anita , Lane Sarah , Parker Dann L. , Cornella Taracido Ivan , Johns Douglas G. , Beerens Manu , MacRae Calum A. , Caldwell John P. , Sorota Steve , Asnani Aarti , Peterson Randall T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDoxorubicin is a highly effective chemotherapy agent used to treat many common malignancies. However, its use is limited by cardiotoxicity, and cumulative doses exponentially increase the risk of heart failure. To identify novel heart failure treatment targets, a zebrafish model of doxorubicin‐induced cardiomyopathy was previously established for small‐molecule screening. Using this model, several small molecules that prevent doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity both in zebrafish and in mouse models have previously been identified. In this study, exploration of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity is expanded by screening 2271 small molecules from a proprietary, target‐annotated tool compound collection. It is found that 120 small molecules can prevent doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity, including 7 highly effective compounds. Of these, all seven exhibited inhibitory activity towards cytochrome P450 family 1 (CYP1). These results are consistent with previous findings, in which visnagin, a CYP1 inhibitor, also prevents doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity. Importantly, genetic mutation of cyp1a protected zebrafish against doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity phenotypes. Together, these results provide strong evidence that CYP1 is an important contributor to doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity and highlight the CYP1 pathway as a candidate therapeutic target for clinical cardioprotection.
Boron and Nitride Dual vacancies on Metal‐Free Oxygen Doping Boron Nitride as Initiating Sites for Deep Aerobic Oxidative Desulfurization
Authors: Dai Li , Wei Yanchen , Xu Xinyuan , Wu Peiwen , Zhang Ming , Wang Chao , Li Hongping , Zhang Qi , Li Huaming , Zhu Wenshuai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBoron nitride (BN) is a two‐dimensional ceramic material that has been widely applied in various catalysis reactions. However, endowing the BN material with adequate reactive centers remains to be a considerable challenge. Herein, we propose a tunable boron and nitride dual vacancies strategy to generate highly active oxygen‐doping BN (BNO) material via heat treatment in vacuum. Experimental results indicate that the vacuum treatment fabricates boron and nitride dual vacancies on the BNO. The as‐prepared vacuum treated BNO (V‐BNO) was applied as the initiator to accelerate the aerobic oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of fuel. The boosted aerobic ODS system achieves 100 % sulfur removal in 6 h, and it can be recycled 6 times without any significant performance loss. Meanwhile, the density functional theory (DFT) reveals the reaction pathway on the V‐BNO, ensuring the contribution of boron and nitride dual vacancies to the initiation of the reaction. This work highlights the vital role of dual vacancies as initiating sites for the enhanced aerobic ODS.
Establishment and persistence of zoysiagrass–tall fescue mixtures
Authors: Xiang Mingying , Fry Jack , Kennelly Megan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractZoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) is adapted to the transition zone but some end‐users find it undesirable because of the dormancy color. The objective of this study was to evaluate mowing height and tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus Schreb) seeding strategy and rate for the establishment and persistence of a mixed stand with seeded zoysiagrass. Separate identical experiments were done in Manhattan, KS, and Olathe, KS. ‘Compadre’ zoysiagrass was seeded in all plots at 1 lb pure live seed (PLS) 1,000 ft–2 in June 2015. ‘Corona’ tall fescue was seeded in subplots at 2, 4, or 8 lb PLS 1,000 ft–2 either in June 2015 with the zoysiagrass seed or in September 2015 into established zoysiagrass. The percentage green coverage (PGC) was up to 18% higher when tall fescue was seeded into established zoysiagrass than when seeded with zoyiagrass. Seeding tall fescue at 8 lb PLS 1,000 ft–2 resulted in up to 10% more PGC than 2 lb PLS 1,000 ft–2, primarily within the first 2 years after planting. A polystand mixture of seeded zoysiagrass and tall fescue was most successfully established by seeding tall fescue at 8 lb PLS 1,000 ft–2 into established zoysiagrass mown at a 0.75‐inch cut height. The mixture enhanced PGC of the turf during zoysiagrass dormancy for 3 years.
PROTOCOL: Parenting interventions to support parent/child attachment and psychosocial adjustment in foster and adoptive parents and children: A systematic review
Authors: Dalgaard Nina Thorup , Pontoppidan Maiken , Thomsen Morten Kjær , Viinholt Bjørn Christian Arleth , Filges Trine 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis is the protocol for a Campbell review. The objectives are as follows:To assess the efficacy of attachment‐based interventions on measures of favourable parent/child outcomes (attachment security, dyadic interaction, parent/child psychosocial adjustment, behavioural and mental health problems and placement breakdown) within foster and adoptive families with children aged between 0 and 17 years.To identify factors that appear to be associated with more effective outcomes and factors that modify intervention effectiveness (for example, age of the child at placement and at intervention start, programme duration, programme focus)
Predator coexistence through emergent fitness equalization
Authors: van Velzen Ellen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe competitive exclusion principle is one of the oldest ideas in ecology and states that without additional self‐limitation two predators cannot coexist on a single prey. The search for mechanisms allowing coexistence despite this has identified niche differentiation between predators as crucial: without this, coexistence requires the predators to have exactly the same R* values, which is considered impossible. However, this reasoning misses a critical point: predators’ R* values are not static properties, but affected by defensive traits of their prey, which in turn can adapt in response to changes in predator densities. Here I show that this feedback between defense and predator dynamics enables stable predator coexistence without ecological niche differentiation. Instead, the mechanism driving coexistence is that prey adaptation causes defense to converge to the value where both predators have equal R* values (“fitness equalization”). This result is highly general, independent of specific model details, and applies to both rapid defense evolution and inducible defenses. It demonstrates the importance of considering long‐standing ecological questions from an eco‐evolutionary viewpoint, and showcases how the effects of adaptation can cascade through communities, driving diversity on higher trophic levels. These insights offer an important new perspective on coexistence theory.
Sleep disruption is not observed with brain‐responsive neurostimulation for epilepsy
Authors: Ruoff Leslie , Jarosiewicz Beata , Zak Rochelle , Tcheng Thomas K. , Neylan Thomas C. , Rao Vikram R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectiveNeurostimulation devices that deliver electrical impulses to the nervous system are widely used to treat seizures in patients with medically refractory epilepsy, but the effects of these therapies on sleep are incompletely understood. Vagus nerve stimulation can contribute to obstructive sleep apnea, and thalamic deep brain stimulation can cause sleep disruption. A device for brain‐responsive neurostimulation (RNS®System, NeuroPace, Inc) is well tolerated in clinical trials, but potential effects on sleep are unknown.MethodsSix adults with medically refractory focal epilepsy treated for at least six months with the RNS System underwent a single night of polysomnography (PSG). RNS System lead locations included mesial temporal and neocortical targets. Sleep stages and arousals were scored according to standard guidelines. Stimulations delivered by the RNS System in response to detections of epileptiform activity were identified by artifacts on scalp electroencephalography.ResultsOne subject was excluded for technical reasons related to unreliable identification of stimulation artifact on EEG during PSG. In the remaining five subjects, PSG showed fragmented sleep with frequent arousals. Arousal histograms aligned to stimulations revealed a significant peak in arousals just before stimulation. In one of these subjects, the arousal peak began before stimulation and extended ~1 seconds after stimulation. A peak in arousals occurring only after stimulation was not observed.SignificanceIn this small cohort of patients, brain‐responsive neurostimulation does not appear to disrupt sleep. If confirmed in larger studies, this could represent a potential clinical advantage of brain‐responsive neurostimulation over other neurostimulation modalities.
Repeated Richardson extrapolation and static hedging of barrier options under the CEV model
Authors: Guo Jia‐Hau , Chang Lung‐Fu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper proposes an accelerated static replication approach for continuous European‐style barrier options by employing the repeated Richardson extrapolation technique with the Romberg sequence. This approach is developed under the constant elasticity of variance (CEV) model of Cox (1975) and Cox and Ross (1976) using the framework offered by Derman, Ergener, and Kani (1995; DEK) and its modified method of Chung et al. (2010, 2013a, 2013b) and Tsai (2014). The numerical results indicate that our method could significantly reduce replication errors for European knock‐out call options and may be superior to the imposition of the theta‐matching condition on the DEK method.
Distributional cost effectiveness analysis of West Yorkshire low emission zone policies
Authors: Griffin Susan , Walker Simon , Sculpher Mark 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlternative strategies can reduce road vehicle emissions, with differential effects on exposure across population groups. We compare alternative strategies in West Yorkshire using a framework for economic evaluation that considers multiple perspectives and that takes account of the distribution of health outcomes. Exposure to pollutants by area is converted, via dose response relationships, into disease averted. Health benefits and National Health Service costs from diseases are estimated conditional on population demographics and index of multiple deprivation. The net health benefits from alternative strategies are expressed as distributions of quality‐adjusted life expectancy (QALE), which are compared using dominance criteria and societal aversion to health inequality. Net production is estimated from intervention costs and the effects of health improvement on production and consumption. Social care outcomes are estimated from health improvement among care recipients and changes in care expenditure. A switch to less polluting private vehicles is dominant in terms of the distribution of QALE and social care outcomes but not consumption. Inclusion of health inequality aversion alters the rank order compared with prioritisation on health maximisation. The results were sensitive to the magnitude of health opportunity costs, the level of inequality aversion, and the proportion of intervention cost that generates health opportunity cost.
Interactions between cyazofamid and human drug transporters
Authors: Song Im‐Sook , Jeong Hyeon‐Uk , Choi Min‐Koo , Kwon Mihwa , Shin Yongho , Kim Jeong Han , Lee Hye‐Suk 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the intestinal permeability and interaction of cyazofamid with clinically important transporters. The intestinal permeability of cyazofamid was low (0.21 ± 0.02 cm/s), and it is a substrate for P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) with a Km value of 83.1 μM, indicated that P‐gp in the intestinal lumen could serve as a protective barrier to this fungicide. Cyazofamid was not a substrate for clinically important transporters. However, cyazofamid inhibited organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) and OAT1, with IC50 values of 1.54 and 17.3 μM, respectively, but could not result in OAT3‐ and OAT1‐mediated cyazofamid‐drug interactions because of its low plasma concentration. Cyazofamid poorly interacted with OCT1, OCT2, organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1), OATP1B3, P‐gp, breast cancer resistance‐related protein, and multidrug resistance‐related protein 2. In conclusion, the interactions of cyazofamid with human drug transporters have been evaluated as part of the safety assessment. Given its low intestinal permeability and poor interaction with human drug transporters, cyazofamid might not cause serious toxicity or adverse events.
Differential phosphorylation regulates the shear stress‐induced polar activity of Rho‐specific guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor α
Authors: Xie Fei , Shao Shuai , Zhang Baohong , Deng Sha , Ur Rehman Aziz Aziz , Liao Xiaoling , Liu Bo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe activity of Rho‐specific guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor α (RhoGDIα) is regulated by its own phosphorylation at different amino acid sites. These phosphorylation sites may have a crucial role in local Rho GTPases activation during cell migration. This paper is designed to explore the influence of phosphorylation on shear stress‐induced spatial RhoGDIα activation. Based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer biosensor sl‐RhoGDIα, which was constructed to test the RhoGDIα activity in living cells, new RhoGDIα phosphomimetic mutation (sl‐S101E/S174E, sl‐Y156E, sl‐S101E, sl‐S174E) and phosphorylation‐deficient mutation (sl‐S101A/S174A, sl‐Y156A, sl‐S101A, sl‐S174A) biosensors were designed to test their effects on RhoGDIα activation upon shear stress application in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results showed lower RhoGDIα activity at the downstream of HUVECs (the region from the edge of the nucleus to the edge of the cell along with the flow). The overall decrease in RhoGDIα activity was inhibited by Y156A‐mutant, whereas the polarized RhoGDIα and Rac1 activity were blocked by S101A/S174A mutant. It is concluded that the Tyr156 phosphorylation mainly mediates shear stress‐induced overall RhoGDIα activity, while Ser101/Ser174 phosphorylation mediates its polarization. This study demonstrates that differential phosphorylation of RhoGDIα regulates shear stress‐induced spatial RhoGDIα activation, which could be a potential target to control cell migration.
Structures related to pheromone storage in alar androconia and the female abdominal scent gland of Heliconius erato phyllis, Heliconius ethilla narcaea, and Heliconius besckei (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae)
Authors: de Oliveira Borges Eliane , Bonfantti Dayana , de Oliveira Ribeiro Ciro A. , Zarbin Paulo H. G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe describe the morphology of alar androconia and the female abdominal scent gland of Heliconius erato phyllis, Heliconius ethilla narcaea, and Heliconius besckei. Androconial scales of Heliconius, which are arranged in overlapping wing bands, release pheromones during courtship, probably through vibratory movements of male wings over the female to induce her to mate. An antiaphrodisiac is produced by glands located in the valves of the male and is transferred during copulation to the yellow dorsal abdominal sac present in the virgin female, causing this sac to emit a scent that reduces the attractiveness of the female for courtship with other males. Stereomicroscopy, SEM, and TEM analyses were conducted to describe the morphology of the internal and external scales and the external abdominal scent sac. The findings revealed different sizes of external androconial scales and an internal group of porous structural vesicles that are probably related to the preservation of internal space, reception and storage of secretions, and elimination of volatiles when the male is actively involved in courtship. Translucent projections on the female abdominal scent sac create open reservoirs for the reception, storage, and emission of antiaphrodisiac volatiles along with stink clubs. Male valve denticles vary in form and probably attach securely to the female sac during mating, thus ensuring secretion transfer. These features are discussed in the context of a comparative analysis.