bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representation of President Valdas Adamkus in the US and UK press (1998–2012)
Authors: Grinevičiūtė Agnė 
Published: July 2020

This article aims to review the representation of former Lithuanian president Valdas Adamkus in a number of US and UK online publications between 1998 and 2011. To achieve this, the following topics are discussed: political communication with the authorities and the press, writing tendencies in individual essays and main topics related to the president. Additionally, a list of all used publications is provided alongside the findings.This type of study has never been done before. It is significant as it portrays the representation of President Valdas Adamkus in the most important publications in the world during a crucial time, when Lithuania was seeking recognition in the international arena, i.e. aiming to join NATO and the EU. The practical part of this work evaluates the President’s position on various topics, and theoretical consequences that his views might have caused Lithuania. Additionally, it assesses how the aforementioned publications portrayed not just Valdas Adamkus, but also our country, since the image of the head of state is often identified with the image of his or her country. The research results have revealed that selected publications provided their audience with very limited information about the Lithuanian President. His portrayal appears fairly shallow and incomplete, focusing mainly on his personality. However, they highlight the President’s aspiration to join NATO and the EU. As expected, the portrayal of the Lithuanian leader differs in various publications.This article consists of the following: an introduction, subsections on political communication, the meaning and importance of political image and the media as a key participant in political communication. Since this article focuses on Valdas Adamkus, a brief summary of his biography, work and achievements will be provided. Systemised research results will be discussed in the practical part of this article. Research findings and bibliography will be presented in the end.
Keywords: reflection, image, presentation, periodic literature, political communication, president, representation, foreign policy.
The Role and Functions of Social Media in Modern Society. Is social Media Worthwile for Local Media?
Authors: Murinska Gaile Sandra 
Published: July 2020

[straipsnis ir santrauka anglų kalba]
The purpose of this article is to explore if the social media are worthwile for the local media. Currently, all types of the mass media under the influence of the social media experience changes caused by the technologies in the processes of obtaining and consuming the information. The article reveals the representation of the local media of Latvia in the electronic environment, mainly in social networks. The use of social media is analysed in the context of theory of innovations diffusion, considering social media as a novelty in the local media space. The empirical research has revealed that the local media do not implement all the advantages which are possible to develop within the digital environment. First of all, at the level of interactivity, the media do not offer the material which may provoke a comment or a feedback from the user. Secondly, the personalization allows seeing in detail whether the local media were able to adopt innovation and to inform the audience about it or not. It means that a particular interest is necessary to adopt an innovation. Thirdly, the potential convergence of the Internet and the traditional media mostly is seen at the level of images and text. The social networks for local media in this case use the most necessary opportunities; wider activities are performed in the traditional environment.
A QUANTUM CHEMICAL STUDY OF SMALL MOLECULES USED AS ACTIVE LAYER COMPONENT OF ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS
Authors: Baykara Haci , Iza Peter , Zarate Ximena P. , Alvarado Adriana A. 
Published: July 2020

Organic solar cells (OSCs) are one of the best alternatives in the photovoltaic area. These devices convert directly sunlight into electrical current with reasonable efficiencies. The most important component of an OSC is the photoconductive active layer which can be made of small organic molecules. In this theoretical study, a quantum chemical approach was applied to calculate the properties such as the energy of Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO), LUMO-HOMO energy gap, and the theoretical 1H NMR chemical shifts (the latter only for one molecule) for four organic molecules that exist in the literature. The geometry optimization of the four small molecules and the corresponding calculations were performed using Gaussian 09 software by means of the Density Functional Theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) theoretical level. All the reported experimental values given in the papers were compared with the obtained theoretical values via a linear regression analysis. Our computational study showed good agreement with the experimental data as the regression analysis showed a coefficient of determination greater than 0.99.
Participación tenue, resultados imprecisos. Empresarios en las Comisiones de Verdad de América Latina
Authors: Barón Luis Fernando , Riascos Catalina 
Published: July 2020

The forms that businessmen, entrepreneurs and business (BEB) have been involved within violence and political armed conflict in Colombia represents a huge and creative challenge. However, we still have few studies and methods to include them within memory processes and historical production. This article presents an analysis of the ways that economic agents have been part of eight of the nine truth commissions developed in Latin America what is complemented with some of the results coming from historical groups and commissions implemented in Colombia during the last 50 years. Our study found that these commissions´ final reports, barely included, and nor reported on the links and roles between businessmen and violent conflicts. They neither informed on BEB participation within social or political efforts of peacebuilding and reconciliation. In general, the reports tend to present actions and responsibilities coming from government institutions and armed legal forces, as well as the ones assumed by armed organizations and groups that confronted status quo. BEB, when are mentioned, are characterized as complice of these institutions during particular events. Our study also help us to point out three main challenges on BEB future involvement in truth commissions: 1) the need of building BEB´s institutional trust and credibility; 2) the design of anonymity and privacy mechanisms and guarantees for BEB, and 3) the necessity of building middle and long term institutional structures, in order to help knowing and understanding not only the links but also the impacts suffered by BEB within violence and armed conflict.
Predicción del desencadenamiento espontáneo del parto
Authors: Sánchez Torres Fernando , Ramírez Sánchez Jaime 
Published: July 2020

En 135 pacientes con embarazo a término se hizo un estudio comparativo entre la citología vaginal y el estado del cuello uterino, como índices para predecir la proximidad del desencadenamiento espontáneo del parto.
Aunque ninguno de los dos métodos permite prejuzgar, en forma individual y constante, la vecindad del parto, al comparar uno con otro se concluye que el grado de madurez cervical, valorado correctamente, es un recurso más práctico y exacto que la citología vaginal.
Patient Satisfaction, Functional Outcomes, and Survivorship in Patients with a Customized Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Neginhal Vivekanand , Kurtz William , Schroeder Lennart 
Published: July 2020

Background:In this study, we assessed implant survivorship, patient satisfaction, and patient-reported functional outcomes at approximately 2 years for patients who had received a customized posterior-stabilized (PS) knee replacement system. We hypothesized that the customized PS implant would have high overall patient-reported outcomes because of its patient-specific design.Methods:Ninety-three patients (100 knees) who had received the customized total knee replacement system were enrolled at 2 centers. The patients’ length of hospitalization and preoperative pain intensity were assessed. At a single follow-up time-point, we assessed patient-reported outcomes utilizing the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Joint Replacement (KOOS JR), satisfaction rates, implant survivorship, and patients’ perception of their knee.Results:At an average follow-up time of 1.9 years (range, 1.5 to 2.4 years), implant survivorship was found to be 100%. From an average preoperative baseline pain rating of 6.5 (range, 3 to 10) until the time of follow-up, we observed an average decrease of 5.2 on the numeric pain rating scale to an average of 1.3 (range, 0 to 8), indicating satisfactory pain relief after the procedure. The satisfaction rate was found to be high, with 90% of patients being satisfied or very satisfied and 88% of patients reporting a “natural” perception of their knee either some or all of the time. The evaluation of the patient-reported outcome measure showed satisfactory results with a high KOOS JR average score of 90 (range, 34 to 100) at the time of follow-up.Conclusions:Based on our results, we believe that the customized PS implant provides patients with excellent postoperative outcomes.Level of Evidence:TherapeuticLevel IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Neighborhood's locality, road types, and residents' multimorbidity: Evidence from China's middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Yu Xuexin , Zhang Wei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Neighborhood factors have gained increasing attention, while the association between the neighborhood's characteristics and multimorbidity has not been clarified. In this study, we aim to depict variations in the number of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) as a function of urban vs. rural settings and road types.Methods: The present cross-sectional study derived data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2011 National Baseline Survey. Negative binomial regression with clustered robust standard errors was performed to analyze variations in the number of NCDs among 13,414 Chinese middle-aged and older adults. Multilevel logistic regression was employed to investigate the association between neighborhood-level characteristics and each NCD, respectively. Results: First, over 65% of subjects had at least one NCDs, and over 35% had multimorbidity. Arthritis (33.08%), hypertension (24.54%), and digestive disease (21.98%) were the most prevalent NCDs. Urban vs. rural differences in multimorbidity were fully explained by neighborhood clustering variations (IRR = 1.02, 95% CI, 0.95 - 1.10). Lastly, living with paved roads was associated with a smaller number of NCDs relative to living with unpaved roads (IRR = 0.86, 95% CI, 0.78 - 0.95). Results from subgroup analyses suggested that in comparison with those living with unpaved roads, individuals living with paved roads respectively had lower odds of chronic lung disease (OR = 0.76, 95% CI, 0.63 - 0.93), chronic liver disease (OR = 0.74, 95% CI, 0.55 - 0.99), chronic kidney disease (OR = 0.68, 95% CI, 0.51 - 0.89), digestive disease (OR = 0.82, 95% CI, 0.69 - 0.97), arthritis or rheumatism (OR = 0.69, 95% CI, 0.55 - 0.87), and asthma (OR = 0.67, 95% CI, 0.51 - 0.88). Conclusion: Urban vs. rural disparities in multimorbidity appeared to result from within-neighborhoods characteristics. The improvement in neighborhood-level characteristics, such as road quality, holds promise to alleviate the increasing disease burden of chronic diseases.
A hybrid cost-sensitive ensemble for heart disease prediction
Authors: Qi Zhenya , Zhang Zuoru 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Heart disease is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. It includes numerous problems and symptoms. The diagnosis of heart disease is difficult because there are too many factors to analyze. What’s more, the misclassification cost could be very high. Methods: A cost-sensitive ensemble model was proposed to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and reduce the misclassification cost. The proposed model contains five heterogeneous classifiers: random forest, logistic regression, support vector machine, extreme learning machine and k-nearest neighbor. T-test was used to investigate if the performance of the ensemble model was better than individual classifiers and the contribution of Relief algorithm. Results: The best performance was achieved by the proposed model according to ten-fold cross validation. The statistical tests demonstrated that the performance of the proposed model was significantly superior to individual classifiers, and the efficiency of classification was distinctively improved by Relief algorithm. Conclusions: The proposed ensemble model gained significantly better results compared with individual classifiers and previous studies, which implies that it can be used as a promising alternative tool in medical decision making for heart disease diagnosis.
A high fat diet with a high C18:0/C16:0 ratio induced worse metabolic and transcriptomic profiles in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Wang Liqiang , Xu Fei , Song Zhenfeng , Han Dan , Zhang jingyi , Chen Linjun , Na Lixin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Differential effects of individual saturated fatty acids (SFAs), particularly stearic acid (C18:0), relative to the shorter-chain SFAs have drawn interest for more accurate nutritional guidelines. However, specific biologic and pathologic functions that can be assigned to particular SFAs are very limited. The present study was designed to compare changes in metabolic and transcriptomic profiles in mice caused by a high C18:0 diet and high palmitic acid (C16:0) diet.Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to a normal fat diet (NFD), a high fat diet with high C18:0/C16:0 ratio (HSF) or an isocaloric high fat diet with a low C18:0/C16:0 ratio (LSF) for 10 weeks. An oral glucose tolerance test, 72-h energy expenditure measurement and CT scan of body fat were done before sacrifice. Fasting glucose and lipids were determined by an autobiochemical analyzer. Blood insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Free fatty acids (FFAs) profiles in blood and liver were determined by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Microarray analysis was applied to investigate changes in transcriptomic profiles in the liver. Pathway analysis and gene ontology analysis were applied to describe the roles of differentially expressed mRNAs. Results: Compared with the NFD group, body weight, body fat ratio, fasting blood glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride, IL-6, serum and liver FFAs including total FFAs, C16:0 and C18:0 were increased in both high fat diet groups and were much higher in the HSF group than those in the LSF group. Both HSF and LSF mice exhibited distinguishable long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA and mRNA expression profiles when compared with those of NFD mice. Additionally, more differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were observed in the HSF group than in the LSF group. Some biological functions and pathways, other than energy metabolism regulation, were identified as differentially expressed mRNAs between the HSF group and the LSF group. Conclusion: The high fat diet with a high C18:0/C16:0 ratio induced more severe glucose and lipid metabolic disorders and inflammation and affected expression of more lncRNAs and mRNAs than an isocaloric low C18:0/C16:0 ratio diet in mice. These results provide new insights into the differences in biological functions and related mechanisms, other than glucose and lipid metabolism, between C16:0 and C18:0.
Cancer risk after total hip replacements. A prospective study of 41,402 patients in the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register linked to the Cancer Registry of Norway
Authors: Dybvik Eva , Furnes Ove , Havelin Leif I. , Fosså Sophie D. , Trovik Clement , Lie Stein Atle 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Concerns have been raised that implants used in total hip replacements (THR) could lead to a future increased cancer risk. Several different materials and, metals and fixation techniques are used in joint prosthesis, as well as prostheses and different fixation techniques and types of articulation for the surface of the joint can lead to cause an increased escapeinvasion of particles or ions into the human body. Methods Patients with THR registered in the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register during 1987-2009 were linked to the Cancer registry of Norway. Patients with THR due to osteoarthritis, under the age of 75 at time of surgery, were included. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were applied to compare cancer risk for THR patients to the general population. Types of THR were divided into cemented (both components), uncemented (both components), and hybrid (cemented femoral and uncemented acetabular componentcomponents). To account for selection mechanisms, time dependent covariates were applied in Cox-regression, adjusting for cancer risk the first 10 years after surgery. The analyses were adjusted for age, gender, and if the patient had additional THR-surgery in the same or the opposite hip. The study is according tofollows the STROBE guidelines.Results When comparingComparing patients with THR to the general population in Norway we found no differences in thecancer risk. The overall SIR for the THR-patients after 10 years of follow-up was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.97-1.07). For cemented THR, the SIR after 10 years of follow-up was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.94-1.05), while it wasfor uncemented, 1.16 (95% CI: 1.02-1.30) for uncemented THRs,), and for hybrid 1.12 (95% CI: 0.91-1.33) for hybrid THRs.). Adjusted Cox analyses showed that patients with uncemented THRs had an elevated risk offor cancer (hazard ratio: HR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.05-1.46, p=0.009) when compared to patients with cemented THRs after 10 years of follow-up.follow-up. Stratified by gender the increased risk was only present for men. The risk for patients with hybrid THRs was not significantly increased (HR=1.07, 95% CI: 0.85-1.35, p=0.55) compared to patients with cemented THRs. Conclusions THR patients had no increased risk for cancer compared to the general population. We found, however, that receiving an uncemented THR was associated with a small increased risk of cancer, in particular prostatefor cancer for younger mencompared to cemented THR in males, but that this may be prone to unmeasured confounding.
Epigenetic regulation of osteopontin splicing isoform c defines its role as a microenvironmental factor to promote the survival of colon cancer cells from 5-FU treatment
Authors: Chang Siyuan , Huang Jing , Niu Huan , Wang Jing , Si Yang , Bai Zhigang , Cheng Shan , Ding Wei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Drug resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and recurrence after chemotherapy in colorectal cancer remain a challenge to be resolved for the improvement of patient outcomes. It is recognized that a variety of secretory proteins released from the tumor cells exposed to chemo-drugs into the tumor microenvironment (TME) contributed to the cell-to-cell communication, and altered the drug sensitivity. One of these important factors is osteopontin (OPN), which exists in several functional forms from alternative splicing and post-translational processing. In colon cancer cells, increased total OPN expression was observed during the progression of tumors, however, the exact role and regulation of the OPN splicing isoforms was not well understood.Methods: We assayed precisely the abundance of major OPN splicing isoforms under 5-FU treatments in colon cancer cell lines with different sensitivities to 5-FU, and also evaluated the effects of the condition medium from OPN splicing isoforms overexpressed cells on cell functions. The methods of nuclear calcium reporter assays and ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation) assays were used to investigate the molecular mechanism underlining the production of OPN isoforms.Results: We discovered that OPNc was a most increased splicing isoform to a significant abundance following 5-FU treatment of colon cancer cells. OPNc as a secretory protein in the conditioned medium exerted a more potent effect to promote cell survival in 5-FU than other OPN isoforms. The kinetic response of nuclear calcium signals could be used to indicate an immediate effect of the conditioned medium containing OPNc and other isoforms. Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) was identified to regulate the splicing of opn gene, where the phosphorylation of MeCP2 at S421 site, possibly by calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) was required.Conclusions: The results demonstrated that the production of OPNc was highly controlled under epigenetic regulations, where MeCP2 and the activation of nuclear calcium signaling were involved. It was also suggested that OPNc could transmit the stress signal of cells upon chemotherapy in TME and promoted the survival of adjacent colon cancer cells.
A retrospective analysis of usefulness of impulse oscillometry system in the treatment of asthma
Authors: Sugawara Hiroyuki , Saito Atsushi , Yokoyama Saori , Tsunematsu Kazunori , Chiba Hirofumi , Takahashi Hiroki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Bronchial asthma (BA) has different phenotypes, and it requires a clinically effective subtype classification system. The impulse oscillometry system (IOS) is an emerging technique device used in respiratory functional tests. However, its efficacy has not been validated. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relationship between BA and the IOS parameters, and the difference in the therapeutic effects of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) among the subtype classifications was evaluated using the IOS.Methods: Of the 245 patients with bronchial asthma who were screened, 108 were enrolled in this study. These patients were divided based on three subtypes according to the IOS result as follows: central predominant type (n = 34), peripheral predominant type (n = 58), and resistless type (n = 16). Then, the following ICSs were randomly prescribed in daily medical care: coarse-particle ICS (fluticasone propionate [FP]), fine-particle ICS (mometasone furoate [MF]), and moderate-particle ICS (budesonide [BUD]). The treatment effects were assessed using the Asthma Health Questionnaire (AHQ) and the Asthma Control Test (ACT) and were compared among the three subtypes.Results: In the central predominant type, the AHQ score of the MF group was significantly higher than that of the FP group (15.4 vs. 3.6, p < 0.01) and the BUD group (15.4 vs. 8.8, p < 0.05); the ACT score of the FP group was significantly higher than that of the MF and BUD groups (24.3 vs. 21.7, 22.3, respectively, p < 0.05) at 4 weeks after treatment. In the peripheral predominant type, the AHQ score of the FP group was significantly higher than that of the MF group (14.1 vs. 3.4, p < 0.05); the ACT score of the FP group was lower than that of the MF and BUD groups (22.8 vs. 24.6, 24.4, respectively, p < 0.01) at 4 weeks after treatment. In the resistless type, no significant difference was observed in the both scores among the three groups. Conclusions: An association was observed between IOS subtype classification and ICS particle size in terms of therapeutic efficiency in BA. This result indicates that the IOS could be an effective tool in the selection of ICS and the evaluation of the BA phenotype.