bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colorectal anastomosis after laparoscopic extended left colectomy: techniques and outcome
Authors: Chen Y.‐C. , Fingerhut A. , Shen M.‐Y. , Chen H.‐C. , Ke T.‐W. , Chang S.‐J. , Tsai Y.‐Y. , Wang H.‐M. , Chen W. T.‐L. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimAfter extended left colectomy, traditional colorectal anastomosis is often not feasible because of insufficient length of the remaining colon to perform a tension‐free anastomosis. Total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis could be an alternative but this can lead to unsatisfactory quality of life. Trans‐mesenteric colorectal anastomosis or inverted right colonic transposition (the so‐called Deloyers procedure) are two possible solutions for creating a tension‐free colorectal anastomosis after extended left colectomy. Few studies have reported their results of these two techniques and mostly via laparotomy. The aim of this study was to describe the trans‐mesenteric colorectal anastomosis and the inverted right colonic transposition procedure via a laparoscopic approach and report the outcome in a series of 13 consecutive patients.MethodThis was retrospective chart review of laparoscopic colorectal surgery with trans‐mesenteric colorectal anastomosis or the inverted right colonic transposition procedure from January 2015 up to 2019. An accompanying video demonstrates these two techniques.ResultsThirteen consecutive patients underwent either a laparoscopic trans‐mesenteric colorectal anastomosis (n = 9) or an inverted right colonic transposition procedure (n = 4). One patient had intra‐operative presacral bleeding that was stopped successfully without conversion. Two patients had a postoperative intra‐abdominal abscess, but no anastomotic complications were recorded. The median number of bowel movements per day after 6 months was 2 (range 2–5).ConclusionsTrans‐mesenteric colorectal anastomosis or the inverted right colonic transposition procedure is feasible laparoscopically. The now well‐established classical advantages of the laparoscopic approach are associated with good functional outcome after these procedures.
Improving quality‐of‐service in fog computing through efficient resource allocation
Authors: Mani Sathish Kumar , Meenakshisundaram Iyapparaja 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn today's world, large group migration of applications to the fog computing is registered in the information technology world. The main issue in fog computing is providing enhanced quality of service (QoS). QoS management consists of various method used for allocating fog‐user applications in the virtual environment and selecting suitable method for allocating virtual resources to physical resource. The resources allocation in effective manner in the fog environment is also a major problem in fog computing; it occurs when the infrastructure is build using light‐weight computing devices. In this article, the allocation of task and placement of virtual machine problems is explained in the single fog computing environment. The experiment is done and the result shows that the proposed framework improves QoS in fog environment.
Test–retest reliability of physical fitness tests among young athletes: The FITescola® battery
Authors: Henriques‐Neto Duarte , Minderico Cláudia , Peralta Miguel , Marques Adilson , Sardinha Luís B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMonitoring physical fitness in young athletes is essential to improve physical performance, identify talents and develop injury prevention programs. The aim of this investigation was to analyse the reliability of the physical fitness tests from the FITescola® battery in young athletes with different sports backgrounds and competition levels. Participants comprised of 138 young athletes (boys n = 92) aged 9 and 18 years old. Eight physical fitness tests assessing six components of physical fitness were performed: cardiorespiratory fitness (PACER); upper body muscular fitness (push‐up); flexibility (sit and reach); lower‐body muscular fitness (horizontal and vertical jump); agility (4 × 10 shuttle run); and speed (sprint at 20 m and 40 m). Each test was performed twice, with a one‐week interval (7 days) between duplicate tests. No differences between duplicate tests were found (p > .05), except for the speed at 20 m in boys (p < .001) and speed at 40 m in girls (p = .006). The battery of tests had good or excellent reliability and concordance of the ICC between the two trials (ICC ≥ 0.75) with exception for the 20 m speed run in girls that presented moderate reliability (ICC = 0.57). The Bland–Altman plots showed high reliability for all the fitness tests for both sexes. Hence, The FITescola® battery may be a novel tool to assess the physical fitness of large groups of young athletes from different sports backgrounds.
Understanding motivations for large US cannabis firms' participation in the cannabis space: Qualitative study exploring views of key decision‐makers
Authors: Kumar Navin , Puljević Cheneal , Heimer Robert 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsLarge for‐profit firms supply the majority of US state‐legal cannabis stores and some firms have attempted to shape cannabis‐related policies. Understanding firms' motivations for participation in the cannabis space is critical, given firms' possible links to cannabis usage patterns. Key decision‐makers (KDM) in the cannabis space may have information unavailable to lower ranking staff, and may influence firm decision‐making and consequently US cannabis usage practises. We present the findings of a qualitative study investigating the views of KDMs in the cannabis market, on large cannabis firms' motivations for participation in the space.Design and MethodsData were collected through 37 semi‐structured interviews with a convenience sample of KDMs in the US cannabis space, representing both for‐profit and non‐profit organisations. Thematic analysis, with an inductive approach, was used to analyse the data.ResultsKDMs reported three non‐exclusive motivations for large cannabis firms' participation in the space; to seek profit, to mitigate social inequity and to provide cannabis as medicine. Within the theme relating to profit, findings suggest that for‐profit and non‐profit organisations in the space may be cognisant of the other's goals, representing a symbiotic relationship.Discussion and ConclusionsWe suggest that firms may have reasons to enter the space not necessarily centred on increasing use. Although non‐profits and for‐profits have different agendas, the bottom line for both groups is to expand access. Policy‐makers should be aware of that fact, and set policies which consider the two groups as a unified whole.
Children's understanding of habitual behaviour
Authors: Goldwater Micah B. , Gershman Samuel J. , Moul Caroline , Ludowici Charles , Burton Amy , Killer Brittany , Kuhnert Rebecca‐Lee , Ridgway Kate 
Published: February 2020

AbstractResearch into the development of Theory of Mind (ToM) has shown how children from a very early age infer other people's goals. However, human behaviour is sometimes driven not by plans to achieve goals, but by habits, which are formed over long periods of reinforcement. Habitual and goal‐directed behaviours are often aligned with one another but can diverge when the optimal behavioural policy changes without being directly reinforced (thus specifically hobbling the habitual learning strategy). Unlike the flexibility of goal‐directed behaviour, rigid habits can cause agents to persist in behaviour that is no longer adaptive. In the current study, all children predict agents will tend to behave consistently with their goals, but between the ages of 5 and 10, children showed an increasing understanding of how habits can cause agents to persistently take suboptimal actions. These findings stand out from the typical way the development of social reasoning is examined, which instead focuses on children's increasing appreciation of how others' beliefs or expectations affect how they will act in service of their goals. The current findings show that children also learn that under certain circumstances, people's actions are suboptimal despite potentially ‘knowing better.’
A silver transformation: Chinese monetary integration in times of political disintegration, 1898–1933†
Authors: Ma Debin , Zhao Liuyan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis article provides the first systematic econometric study on the evolution of Chinese silver exchange and monetary regimes during the period 1898–1933. Using high‐quality datasets of monthly and daily prices of silver dollars, we apply the threshold autoregressive models to estimate the silver points between Shanghai and 18 other cities in northern and central China. We find a noticeable improvement in monetary integration between Shanghai and Tianjin from the 1910s, which then spread to other cities in our sample throughout the 1920s and 1930s. We supplement our analysis with new datasets on volumes and costs of silver flows and with an in‐depth historical narrative. This article re‐evaluates the efficiency of the silver regime and China's economic performance in the Republican era.
A native apex predator limits an invasive mesopredator and protects native prey: Tasmanian devils protecting bandicoots from cats
Authors: Cunningham Calum X. , Johnson Christopher N. , Jones Menna E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractApex predators can limit the abundance and behaviour of mesopredators, thereby reducing predation on smaller species. We know less about whether native apex predators are effective in suppressing invasive mesopredators, a major global driver of vertebrate extinctions. We use the severe disease‐induced decline of an apex predator, the Tasmanian devil, as a natural experiment to test whether devils limit abundance of invasive feral cats and in turn protect smaller native prey. Cat abundance was c. 58% higher where devils had declined, which in turn negatively affected a smaller native prey species. Devils had a stronger limiting effect on cats than on a native mesopredator, suggesting apex predators may have stronger suppressive effects on evolutionarily naive species than coevolved species. Our results highlight how disease in one species can affect the broader ecosystem. We show that apex predators not only regulate native species but can also confer resistance to the impacts of invasive populations. Apex predators could therefore be a powerful but underutilised tool to prevent biodiversity loss.
Information exchange networks at the climate science‐policy interface: Evidence from the Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland, and Portugal
Authors: Wagner Paul M. , Ylä‐Anttila Tuomas , Gronow Antti , Ocelík Petr , Schmidt Luisa , Delicado Ana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractScientifically informed climate policymaking starts with the exchange of credible, salient, and legitimate scientific information between scientists and policymakers. It is therefore important to understand what explains the exchange of scientific information in national climate policymaking processes. This article applies exponential random graph models to network data from the Czech Republic, Finland, Ireland, and Portugal to investigate which types of organizations are favored sources of scientific information and whether actors obtain scientific information from those with similar beliefs as their own. Results show that scientific organizations are favored sources in all countries, while only in the Czech Republic do actors obtain scientific information from those with similar policy beliefs. These findings suggest that actors involved in climate policymaking mostly look to scientific organizations for information, but that in polarized contexts where there is a presence of influential denialists overcoming biased information exchange is a challenge.
Low body cell mass index in hemodialysis patients: Association with clinical parameters and survival
Authors: Oliveira Telma , Garagarza Cristina , Valente Ana , Caetano Cristina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionBody cell mass (BCM) is a useful nutritional marker and is not affected by changes in the hydration status that commonly occur in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study aimed to examine the association between body cell mass index (BCMI) and nutritional parameters, as well as its relationship with long‐term survival in these patients.MethodsThis longitudinal prospective multicenter study followed a cohort of patients in HD for 24 months. The clinical parameters of 2527 patients (mean age 70.3 ± 14.6 years, 55.8% male and mean HD vintage 58 (IQR:33–95) months) were measured and their body composition parameters were assessed by a body composition monitor before the HD session. BCM was converted to BCMI (BCM/height2) and, taking into account the mean value (6.4 ± 2.1 kg/m2), we split our study population into 2 groups: G1 (BCMI <6.4 kg/m2; n = 1366) and G2 (BCMI ≥ 6.4 kg/m2; n = 1161). All statistical tests were performed using SPSS 20.0 software. A P value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.FindingsPatients with a BCMI <6.4 kg/m2 displayed higher age (P < 0.001), dialysis adequacy (Kt/V) (P < 0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (P = 0.033), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) (P < 0.001), relative overhydration (overhydration/extracellular water [OH/ECW]) (P < 0.001), CRP (P < 0.001), fat tissue index (FTI) (P < 0.001) and lower normalized protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance (nPNA) (P < 0.001), albumin (P < 0.001), serum creatinine (P < 0.001), creatinine index (P < 0.001), potassium (P < 0.001), phosphorus (P < 0.001), calcium/phosphorus product (Ca X P) (P < 0.001), lean tissue index (LTI) (P < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.046). The Kaplan–Meier survival curve showed a significantly better survival in female and male patients with BCMI ≥6.4 kg/m2 (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). In the cox regression analysis, a significantly higher mortality risk was observed in G1 patients (P = 0.001).DiscussionOur study showed that a low BCMI was a mortality predictor and was associated with worse nutritional parameters in patients undergoing HD.
Justification within Recapitulation: Irenaeus in Ecumenical Dialogue
Authors: Boersma Hans 
Published: February 2020

AbstractJustification has a relatively minor place in Irenaeus's thought. He discusses it particularly in his polemics against Gnostic approaches to the Scriptures and to the law. Justification typically serves for Irenaeus within a broader, participatory framework of salvation. When we take these aspects into account, unexpected ecumenical possibilities open up between Orthodox, Catholics and Protestants. One of the most important lessons from Irenaeus's discussion on justification, therefore, is that justification should not be treated as an insulated doctrine. Instead, it is an aspect of participation in Christ's recapitulation and as such serves to uphold and strengthen our deifying union with God in Christ.
The association of body mass index and severe early childhood caries in young children in Winnipeg, Manitoba: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kennedy Tara , Rodd Celia , Daymont Carrie , Grant Cameron G. , Mittermuller Betty‐Anne , Pierce Andrew , Moffatt Michael E. K. , Schroth Robert J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundAssociations between body mass index (BMI) and caries have been reported.AimTo evaluate the direction of the relationship between BMI and severe early childhood caries (S‐ECC).DesignChildren were recruited as part of a larger prospective cohort study assessing changes in nutritional status following dental rehabilitation under general anaesthetic. Pre‐operative anthropometric measurements were used to calculate BMI z‐scores (BMIz). Operative reports were reviewed to calculate caries scores based on treatment rendered. Analysis included descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and simple and multiple linear regression.ResultsOverall, 150 children were recruited with a mean age of 47.7 ± 14.2 (SD) months; 52% female. Over 42% were at risk for overweight, overweight or obese. Although simple linear regression demonstrated a significant positive association between dmfs score and BMIz, adjusted multiple linear regression found no significant relationship between BMIz and dmfs, but highlighted a relationship between BMI z‐score and family income, Registered First Nations Status and physical activity.ConclusionsAlthough a significant relationship between BMI and S‐ECC was not found, poverty was a key confounding variable. As both S‐ECC and obesity are known predictors of future disease, it is important for healthcare professionals to identify children at risk. Diet and behaviour modification may play a role in disease prevention.
The effect of caregiver's and nurse's perception of a patient's discharge readiness on postdischarge medical resource consumption
Authors: Shih Tsung‐Ying , Lin Li‐Chan , Wu Shiao‐Chi , Yang Man‐Hua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this study was to validate patient's primary caregiver and their nurse's perception of patient discharge readiness assessment and their association with postdischarge medical consumption.DesignThe study employed a descriptive research, prospective longitudinal study design.MethodThe study was performed in a ward of a medical centre in Taipei, Taiwan, from June 2017–May 2018. Obtained data were analysed using an independent t test, one‐way ANOVA and logistic regression approach.Results/findingsThe number of comorbidities and the number of days of hospital stay were positively associated with post discharge emergency room visits. Caregiver readiness for hospital discharge had significant negative correlation with patient's 30‐day readmission. Both caregiver and nurse readiness for the hospital discharge scale score were not factors associated with the patients' 30‐day emergency room visit.ConclusionBased on the research findings, to assess the discharge readiness as perceived by caregivers at patients' discharge is recommended.ImpactCaregiver and nurse scores on readiness for hospital discharge showed a significant positive correlation. The higher the score of a caregiver's readiness for a patient's hospital discharge, the lower the 30‐day readmission rate. Family‐centred care enables patients to safely pass though the transition phase from hospital to community and reduces the postrelease consumption of medical resources. The discharge readiness perceived by caregivers should be included in any decision‐making.
Prognostic value of arterial stiffness measurements in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and its complications: The potential role of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors
Authors: Patoulias Dimitrios , Papadopoulos Christodoulos , Stavropoulos Konstantinos , Zografou Ioanna , Doumas Michael , Karagiannis Asterios 
Published: February 2020

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) constitutes a global pandemic, representing the 7th cause of death worldwide. Morbidity and mortality of patients with T2DM are gradually increasing, while prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among these patients is almost 14% greater compared to the general population. Arterial stiffness is nowadays a valuable biomarker of CVD and a promising treatment target in specific patient groups, including those suffering from T2DM. Despite that fact, design of the available studies cannot prove causal relationship. Recently, a new antidiabetic drug class, namely sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT‐2) inhibitors, has attracted scientific interest, due to their multiple, beneficial, pleiotropic effects, especially those focused on CVD. There is limited relevant literature concerning the effects of SGLT‐2 inhibitors on arterial stiffness, while retrieved results might be considered as conflicting. The aim of the present review article is to summarize acquired knowledge regarding the prognostic role of arterial stiffness in T2DM, along with the presentation of retrieved data on the potential role of SGLT‐2 inhibitors.
Respirometer in a box: development and use of a portable field respirometer for estimating oxygen consumption of large‐bodied fishes
Authors: Byrnes Evan E. , Lear Karissa O. , Morgan David L. , Gleiss Adrian C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis study developed a portable, low‐cost field respirometer for measuring oxygen consumption rates of large‐bodied fishes. The respirometer performed well in laboratory tests and was used to measure the oxygen consumption rates (
O2) of bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas (mean: 249.21 ± 58.10 mg O2 kg−1 h−1 at 27.05°C). Interspecific comparisons and assessments of oxygen degradation curves indicated that the respirometer provided reliable measurements of
O2. This system presents a field‐based alternative to laboratory respirometers, opening opportunities for studies on species in remote localities, increasing the ability to validate physiological field studies.
Molecular characterization of three caspases from Bostrychus sinensis and their transcriptional responses to bacteria and viruses
Authors: Ding Yuehan , Wei Ke , Yang Xiao , Jing Fei , Shen Bin , Zhang Jianshe 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe caspase family proteins are aspartate‐specific cysteine proteases that transmit extracellular signals to cells, ultimately cause apoptosis and therefore play a key role in cellular immunity. In this study, we cloned and characterized three caspases from Chinese black sleeper (Bostrychus sinensis), Bscasp‐1, Bscasp‐8 and Bscasp‐9. Real‐time PCR analysis showed that Bscasp‐1, Bscasp‐8 and Bscasp‐9 were universally expressed in all tested tissues of B. sinensis. Expression analyses showed that after poly(I:C) stimulation and bacterial (Vibrio parahaemolyticus) infection, the three caspases were significantly upregulated. After poly(I:C) stimulation, the change of Bscasp‐1 expression in the head kidney was the most obvious; peak expression was about 80.78‐fold more than that of the control. In addition, the expression of Bscasp‐8 and Bscasp‐9 in the peripheral blood and liver was 167.99‐ and 17.98‐fold higher than that in the control group, respectively. After V. parahaemolyticus infection, the expression peaks of Bscasp‐1 and Bscasp‐8 in the peripheral blood and spleen were 85.82‐fold and 280.83‐fold that of the control. However, the expression of Bscasp‐9 in the peripheral blood was upregulated only 8.33‐fold higher than that in the control group. These results indicate that Bscasp‐1, Bscasp‐8 and Bscasp‐9 are likely involved in response to viral and bacterial infection.