bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Influence of Archachatina marginata Mucin on the Body Weight and Some Gastric Secretions of Wistar Rats Induced with Gastric Ulcer
Authors: Ansari Rizwan, A. , Rabiu Karimah, Mohammad , Omolabake Oludunni Otanwa , Uche Elendu Melford 
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of A. marginata mucin on the gastric secretions and body weight of wistar rats induced with gastric ulcer. Thirty (30) adult male wistar rats were divided into six groups of five rats each. Group I (normal control) was administered with 2ml/kg distilled water, while Groups II III, IV and V were induced with ulceration via oral administration of 120mg/kg indomethacin. After ulceration had been confirmed successfully induced, while Group II was left untreated with mucin, III, IV and V were treated with 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mgl/kg mucin respectively. Meanwhile, Group VI was administered with 20mg/kg omeprazole (standard drug). Body weight of rats was determined after induction (initial) and after treatment (final). The values recorded for free acidity (FA), total acidity (TA), pepsin activity (PA) and acid output (AO) for the untreated ulcer rats (Group II) were significantly high (63.20±7.66mEq/L), (91.40±6.34mEq/L), (1.63±0.09μEq/L/4hr) and (0.43±0.04μg/ml) respectively. However, significant reduction in the aforementioned parameters was established with mucin treatment in a dose dependent manner, such that Group V administered with 800mg/kg manifested the lowest level of FA (47.40±7.19 mEq/L), TA (72.00±6.36), PA (1.39±0.07 μg/ml) and AO (0.16±0.05 μg/ml) which was not significantly different from the values recorded for Group VI treated with the standard drug (omeprazole).The values recorded on the body weight of Group II reduced with the induction of gastric ulcer. However, a dose dependent increase was observed in all treated groups. In conclusion, through this study, it has been established that A. marginata mucin could be explored for the development of anti-ulcer therapy.
Master Program in Physical Cardiochemistry
Authors: Kunyima Anaclet B. , Lusamba Séraphin N. , Kunyima Papy K. 
Published: September 2020

Background: The heart acting analysis leads to necessity of total energy quantization needful for its life from the cellular metabolism (Keith Flack node).
This energy is mainly distributed to make possible the cardiac muscle acting (Electrocardiogram) and to circulate the blood in aorta to be ultimately poured out the small circulation in upstream of general circulation, distribution obeying Lusamba diagram. A model has been elaborated to choose a thermodynamic system (KUNYIMA Chart) on which the needful energy of blood flow has been assessed. It stays to quantify the vital energy for the electrification of cardiac muscle (ECG) in order to have a definitive idea on total energy from Keith Flack node. Each heart failure demands energetic knowledge of Keith Flack node and the energetic repartition of ventricles shrinkages.
Aim and Objective: Presentation master program in cardiochemistry (new discipline) and Lusamba diagram to scientific world.
Methodology: Observation, documentary research and calculations have been used.
Results: Physico-chemical and thermoexergetic grounds of heart acting have been published elsewhere and allowed thus to conceive this program.
Conclusion: Physical Cardiochemistry (PCC) is therefore a set of physico-chemical and thermoexergetic grounds of heart acting. It backs up the bio-medical sciences and helps in one sense to the comprehension of certain energetic phenomena occurring in the cardiac system. Therefore, this large knowledge will help physicians to efficient prescriptions for an effective energetic and appropriate supplying. It is supposed evidently that future cardiac healing will essentially be energetic.
Health and Disease among Primary School Children: A Snapshot from Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Farooq Md. Abdullah Al , Haq Mohammad Nazmul , Tajreen Tania , Sajid Md. Minhajuddin , Chowdhury Tanvir Kabir 
Published: September 2020

Aims: There is scarcity of research on the health and disease status of primary school children in Bangladesh. This study aimed at assessing prevalence of medical diseases and surgical conditions among rural primary school children.
Materials and Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in 2018 on 2 public and 2 private primary school children in Bakila and Gogra village of Chandpur district. History of immunization, deworming, major current or previous illness, allergy, trauma, surgery and drug history were recorded. Anthropometric measurements, milestones of development, body build and nutritional status; and other general and systemic examinations were carried out. Comparison was made between the public and private primary school students.
Results: 227 primary school children (99 public school students and 128 private school students), were evaluated. Median age was 7 years and male to female ratio was 1.39:1. At least one medical disease or surgical condition was present in 146 (64.3%) students. Medical disease was present in 114 (50.2%) and surgical condition was present in 40 (17.6%) children. About 96.48% children completed immunization and 76.65% children were having regular deworming. Overall, 19.38% children were underweighted and 24.23% children were stunted. Bronchial asthma was the most common medical disease (11.89%), followed by rhinitis (8.37%) and food allergy (5.73%). Dental caries was the most common surgical condition, followed by tonsillitis (4.41%) and chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), 2.64%.
Conclusion: A diverse medical diseases and surgical conditions were prevalent among primary school children and most of these are preventable. These did not vary significantly between public and private schools.
Comparing the Growth Performance and Yield Parameters of Two Cowpea Varieties (Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.) under Different Sowing Densities
Authors: Nestor Gore Bi Boh , Hélène Koffi Ahébé Marie , Anzara Kadio Gnigouan , Sélastique Akaffou Doffou 
Published: September 2020

Cowpea is a food legume very popular for its seeds and leaves in Côte d’Ivoire. This plant constitutes a significant source of financial income for vulnerable populations in rural areas. However, it production remains low in the growing areas because of the traditional practice of this food. In other words, the cultivation technique adopted for this plant is not appropriate, in particular the sowing density. To solve this problem, research work has been undertaken in 2019 and 2020 with the aim of improving the production of this crop. The first year consisted of identifying the most productive variety in a complete random arrangement with three replicates. During the second, the trials concerned the optimization of the production of this variety by controlling the seed density. For this purpose, the sowing was carried out according to three sowing densities: low density (40.000 plants/ha), middle density (134.444 plants/ha) and high density (280.000 plants/ha) in a complete random device with three repetitions. The parameters collected from sowing to harvest and after harvest were subjected to statistical analysis. Thus, it emerges from this analysis that the creeping variety recorded the best values of the growth parameters. This variety could be used as fodder for animal feed. For variables related to production, the highest values were obtained with the upright variety. The yield of this variety is doubled when cultivated at low density. Thus, for the financial and food empowerment of cowpea producers, they will have to take an interest in the upright variety and cultivate it in low density.
Microbial Load of Domestic Water Sources Treated with Moringa oleifera and Jatropha curcas Seed Powder
Authors: Ekeleme U. G. , Ansari R. A. , Osaribie N. A. , Rabiu K. M. 
Published: September 2020

Aim: Microbial load of domestic water sources treated with Moringa oleifera and Jatropha curcas seed powder.
Study Design: The container test method was used for the treatments. One gram (1.0 g) each of the plant seed (Moringa oleifera and Jatropha curcas seeds) powder was weighed and added separately into 1000 ml of water sample. The mixture was stirred rapidly for 3 minutes and allowed to stand undisturbed for 1 hour and 3 hours, after which the top water was decanted.
Place and Duration of Study: Advanced Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Gregory University Uturu, from May to September 2017.
Methodology: Tenfold serial dilutions were used for processing of the domestic water samples, after which 0.5 ml of the water sample was cultured on the media using the spread plate method. This was incubated appropriately and other standard microbiological methods were employed to determine microbial loads and characterize the isolates.
Results: The microbial counts were generally high, 0.6×101 – 2.5×102 cfu/ml (borehole), 0.8×101 – 6.3×103 cfu/ml (well), 2.0×101 – 1.4×104 cfu/ml (stream), while the total potential pathogenic bacteria counts (TPPBC) were the least in occurrence. Treatment with Moringa oleifera and Jatropha curcas seed powders showed a significant decrease in the microbial load. After treatment with 1.0g of the seed powder for one hour, an apparent decrease in the microbial load was noticed. When allowed for three hours (3 hrs), the counts further reduced to no growth for potential pathogenic bacteria (TPPBC) especially for water samples that had low counts.
Conclusion: Moringa and Jatropha seeds powder showed efficiency as a biocoagulant and thus can be used for water treatment. Moringa seed powder had a greater potential to serve as an alternative coagulant for water treatment. The intervention improved the quality of water and will provide significant benefits to the health of the consumer rural populace.
Antimicrobial Activities of Moringa, Neem and Ginger Plant Extracts against Bacteria Associated with the Spoilage of Fruit Juice
Authors: Nwokafor Chibuzo V. , Udensi Chukwuma G. , Ogbonna Henry N. , Udekwu Chinedu E. , Nwankpa Ugonna D. , Amanze Emmanuel K. , Chibuzor Wisdom N. , Okeke Kenechukwu C. 
Published: September 2020

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Moringa, Neem, and Ginger plant extracts on the bacteria species isolated from fruit juice samples.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria, between October 2019 and November 2019.
Methods: The fruit juice sample was prepared and cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB), Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA), and Blood Agar using streak plate techniques. Four (4) bacteria species were isolated and identified from the fruit juice sample. These organisms served as the test isolates. Two (2) solvents (methanol and water) were used to get a comparative result. Disc diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial effects of the Moringa, Neem, and Ginger on the test organisms.
Results: The methanolic extract of Moringa, Neem and Ginger was found to exhibit high degrees of antibacterial activities against the test isolates. This was shown by the clear zones of inhibition produced by the methanolic extract on the test microorganisms. The highest in-vitro antibacterial activity is 16 mm, which was exhibited by the methanolic extract of Moringa at the highest concentration of 200 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus. In comparison, the Methanolic extract exhibited no antibacterial activity (0.0 mm) at the lowest concentration of 50 mg/ml against all the test organisms. The minimum bactericidal concentration from this study revealed that methanolic and aqueous extract was active against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella species, Bacillus species, and Escherichia coli. However, the water extract of Moringa demonstrated more significant antibacterial activity on Shigella species, Bacillus species, and Escherichia coli with the range of 200 mg/ml each. In contrast, methanol extract of neem demonstrated antibacterial activity on Shigella species alone, with the range of 200 mg/ml each.
Conclusion: Moringa, Neem, and Ginger extract had both a bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity when tested in vitro using methanolic and aqueous preparation of Moringa, Neem, and Ginger extract. Therefore, these plants may be used successfully for treating illness caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
Effect of thermal environment on sleep quality in actual bedroom in summer by sleep stages analysis
Authors: Akiyama Yuichi , Miyake Emika , Matsuzaki Riho , Ogata Masayuki , Tsuzuki Kazuyo , Tanabe Shin‐ichi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis field survey was conducted during summer in actual bedrooms and used polysomnography to evaluate the effect of thermal environment on sleep quality by analyzing electroencephalogram, electro‐oculogram, and electromyogram signals, which were continuously measured during sleep. It was found that the effect of the thermal environment (ie, air temperature, air velocity, and air turbulence) on sleep quality varied according to the sleep cycle and stages. The effect of air turbulence depended mainly on the air temperature. At low or neutral temperatures, air turbulence had negative effects on sleep quality, whereas under warm temperatures, air turbulence had negligible effects on sleep quality.
Near‐Infrared Triggered Cascade of Antitumor Immune Responses Based on the Integrated Core–Shell Nanoparticle
Authors: Cheng Qian , Gao Fan , Yu Wu‐Yang , Zou Mei‐Zhen , Ding Xing‐Lan , Li Min‐Jie , Cheng Si‐Xue , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe clinical application of antitumor immunotherapy still faces severe challenges related to efficacy. Here, a light‐triggered core–shell nanosystem is designed to boost antitumor immune response via controlled release of anti‐PD‐L1 (αPD‐L1) antibodies and enhanced antigen presentation. The nanosystem (AZ‐P@P) is constructed via integrating gold nanorods (AuNRs) as a photothermal core and zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) as a shell for aPD‐L1 delivery, and further PEGylating. In the nanosystem, the ZIF‐8 shell protects αPD‐L1 antibody from the complex physiological environment and hyperthermia. Once accumulated at the tumor site, AZ‐P@P under near‐infrared (NIR) light‐triggered heating induces tumor cell deaths releasing tumor‐derived protein antigens (TDPAs) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Thereafter, the released ATP degrades the ZIF‐8 shell to expose the AuNRs, which can promote intratumoral T cell infiltration by capturing TDPAs and transporting them to dendritic cells (DCs). Concurrently, a large amount of αPD‐L1 is released in situ to reinvigorate T cell activity. Mechanistic studies reveal that AZ‐P@P promotes the maturation of DCs and the infiltration of activated T cells, thus eliciting a robust antitumor immunity. It is demonstrated that AZ‐P@P triggered by NIR light can significantly destroy primary tumors and suppress metastasis. This multiple immunoregulatory system provides a promising tool for tumor treatment.
Strain‐Engineering of Contact Energy Barriers and Photoresponse Behaviors in Monolayer MoS2 Flexible Devices
Authors: Pak Sangyeon , Lee Juwon , Jang A‐Rang , Kim Seungje , Park Kyung‐Ho , Sohn Jung Inn , Cha SeungNam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFlexible electronics and optoelectronics based on monolayered, semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) channel have recently received attention as the 2D structure possess superior mechanical, optical, and electrical properties. However, there is a lack of understanding of strain‐dependent electrical and photoelectrical properties in the electrode‐TMDC channel system. Here, two‐terminal flexible device is fabricated and strain‐engineered contact barrier modulation between monolayer MoS2 channel and Au electrode is shown. It is found experimentally through in situ strain electrical and kelvin probe force microscope measurements that tensile strain lowers the contact energy barriers between MoS2 and Au, in which the changes in the contact barriers is attributed to the strain‐induced increase of the electron affinity in MoS2 monolayer. Furthermore, the strain‐induced barrier modulation is also shown to affect photoresponse behaviors in a MoS2 flexible photodetectors through bending of energy bands that affect photogenerated carrier transport and electron‐hole recombination. These findings present important pathway toward designing flexible devices based on 2D TMDCs.
Biomimetic Nanostructures Fabricated by Nanoimprint Lithography for Improved Cell‐Coupling
Authors: Nowduri Bharat , Schulte Steven , Decker Dominique , Schäfer Karl‐Herbert , Saumer Monika 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSince the advent of biosensing, structuring of electrode surfaces for the improvement of cell‐coupling and electrophysiological properties has been extensively investigated. Most of these methods result in structures with predefined dimensions and regular organization. Nevertheless, natural adhesion surfaces of the cells are hardly uniform. Therefore, this study focusses on fabricating randomly organized nanostructures mimicking the irregular distribution of natural collagen fibers coated on a planar surface. Fiber geometries are replicated by using a spin‐coating process followed by thermal nanoimprint lithography and gold electroplating. Microscopic studies reveal the width of these biomimetic collagen‐like gold nanostructures ranging between 200 nm and 5 µm, with a uniform height of ≈35 nm. In comparison to unstructured gold surfaces, nanostructured surfaces display a decrease in impedance magnitude by 50% for frequencies below 1 kHz and show an increase in critical free surface energy by 35%, the latter translating to an increased surface wettability. Culturing enteric neurons from postnatal mice, a relative hard to handle type of neurons, results in an improved spreading of the neural networks on the nanostructured surfaces.
Cell Migration and Breast Cancer Metastasis in Biomimetic Extracellular Matrices with Independently Tunable Stiffness
Authors: Vasudevan Jyothsna , Lim Chwee Teck , Fernandez Javier G 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe mechanics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) have long been known to have important implications for cancer metastasis and cell migration. An atypical increase in tumor ECM stiffness occurs because of the heightened deposition of ECM proteins and increased crosslinking density of fibrillar collagen. This tissue stiffening is an essential contributor to disease progression; however, its precise role remains mostly unidentified. Recent advances in synthetic ECM analogs have enabled the concurrent exploration of the effects of crosslinking density, ligand concentrations, matrix stiffness, and pore sizes on tumor cell invasion. However, this convolution of parameters prevents an understanding of the independent contribution of each separate parameter to tumorigenesis. Here, the use of a precisely adjusted degree of methacryloyl substitution in gelatin‐based hydrogel to capture the heterogeneity in cancer cell behavior in response to matrix stiffness is characterized and demonstrated. The proposed ECM model and biomimetic stiffening mechanism are used to produce complex 3D environments with physiological characteristics and independently tunable stiffness. Two populations of invasive and noninvasive human breast adenocarcinoma are embe	dded in these matrices and monitored by computer vision, enabling the reproduction and characterization of distinct cell migratory patterns as a result of differences in matrix stiffness and cell metastatic potential.
Networks of High Aspect Ratio Particles to Direct Colloidal Assembly Dynamics and Cellular Interactions
Authors: Finbloom Joel A. , Demaree Benjamin , Abate Adam R. , Desai Tejal A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInjectable colloids that self‐assemble into 3D networks are promising materials for applications in regenerative engineering, as they create open systems for cellular infiltration, interaction, and activation. However, most injectable colloids have spherical morphologies, which lack the high material‐biology contact areas afforded by higher aspect ratio materials. To address this need, injectable high aspect ratio particles (HARPs) are developed that form 3D networks to enhance scaffold assembly dynamics and cellular interactions. HARPs are functionalized for tunable surface charge through layer‐by‐layer electrostatic assembly. Positively charged chitosan‐HARPs have improved particle suspension dynamics when compared to spherical particles or negatively charged HARPs. Chit‐HARPs are used to improve the suspension dynamics and viability of MIN6 cells in 3D networks. When combined with negatively charged gelatin microsphere (GelMS) porogens, chit‐HARPs reduce GelMS sedimentation and increase overall network suspension, due to a combination of HARP network formation and electrostatic interactions. Lastly, HARPs are functionalized with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) to highlight their use for growth factor delivery. FGF2‐HARPs increase fibroblast proliferation through a combination of 3D scaffold assembly and growth factor delivery. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the development and diverse uses of high aspect ratio particles as tunable injectable scaffolds for applications in regenerative engineering.
Construction of Aptamer‐siRNA Chimera/PEI/5‐FU/Carbon Nanotube/Collagen Membranes for the Treatment of Peritoneal Dissemination of Drug‐Resistant Gastric Cancer
Authors: Chen Wen , Yang Sainan , Wei Xia , Yang Zailin , Liu Dongxu , Pu Xin , He Silian , Zhang Yong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDue to extensive metastasis, poor blood supply, and drug‐resistant, there is still no effective clinical means to treat peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer. Here, an aptamer‐siRNA chimera (Chim)/polyethyleneimine (PEI)/5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)/carbon nanotube (CNT)/collagen membrane is constructed, which could be divided into 15 layers with a thickness of 70–100 µm. Sustained release experiments show that the collagen membranes can control 5‐FU release for more than 2 weeks. Aptamer‐siRNA chimera can specifically bind to gastric cancer cells, enabling targeted delivery of 5‐FU and silencing drug‐resistant gene. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Chim/PEI/5‐FU/CNT nanoparticles promoted the apoptosis of 5‐FU‐resistant gastric cancer cells, inhibited their invasion and proliferation. Animal experiments show that Chim/PEI/5‐FU/CNT/collagen membrane significantly inhibits the expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and effectively treats peritoneal dissemination of 5‐FU‐resistant gastric cancer. Compared with siRNA/PEI/5‐FU/CNT group, ki‐67 proliferation index, and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) expression are significantly decreased in the Chim/PEI/5‐FU/CNT group, while the proportion of apoptotic cells is markly increased. In conclusion, a chimera/PEI/5‐FU/CNT/collagen membrane is constructed, which can effectively treat peritoneal dissemination of drug‐resistant gastric cancer. The study provides a new therapeutic approach for relevant clinical treatment.