bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermatological side effects rarely interfere with the continuation of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy for cancer
Authors: Rovers Jessica F. J. , Bovenschen H. Jorn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundImmunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) is an emerging anticancer treatment strategy, which may cause a variety of skin reactions. In this study, we sought to analyze and classify the cutaneous side effects (CSE) of the CPIs nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and ipilimumab with respect to prevalence, type, and severity, and to review their potential interference with CPI immunotherapy.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, medical records were analyzed with respect to incidence, type, and severity of CSE in patients on CPI immunotherapy for cancer. The implications for immunotherapy maintenance were scrutinized.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2019, 352 consecutive patients were treated with CPIs for cancer, of which 46 patients (13.1%) experienced CSE. The incidence of CSE was less with nivolumab (n = 16; 9.5%) and pembrolizumab monotherapy (n = 9; 9.6%) as compared to ipilimumab (n = 10; 23.3%) and combination therapy (n = 11; 23.9%); P < 0.05. Skin toxicity could be stratified by rash/eczema (n = 28; 60.9%), autoimmune (n = 8; 17.4%, vitiligo n = 5, lichen sclerosus n = 2, psoriasis guttata n = 1), lichenoid reaction (n = 5; 10.9%), pruritus (n = 4; 8.7%), and a miscellaneous group (n = 3; 6.5%). The limited severity grades of CSE caused immunotherapy disruption in only three (0.9%) cases. Interestingly, 80% of melanoma patients who developed vitiligo during immunotherapy had stable disease or disease remission.ConclusionCPIs in cancer patients may result in a distinct set of CSE, with drug rash and eczematous rash being the most common. CTLA‐4 blocker ipilimumab and combination therapy are more prone to elicit skin toxicity than the PD‐1 inhibitors nivolumab and pembrolizumab, although this rarely interferes with the continuation of immunotherapy.
FABP4 inhibitor BMS309403 protects against hypoxia‐induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte apoptosis through attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Sun Fuqiang , Du Jiangchuan , Li Hongbin , Hao Shuang , Zhao Guochang , Lu Fanfan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction is characterized by ischaemia‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, in which the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role. The fatty acid‐binding protein‐4 (FABP4) has been implicated in regulating ER stress and apoptosis. Yet, whether FABP4 is involved in modulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis remains unclarified. By applying an in vitro model of hypoxia‐induced apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes, we found that FABP4 expression was elevated upon hypoxia stimulation, which was further demonstrated to be transcriptionally activated by the hypoxia‐inducible factor 1a (HIF‐1α). In addition, the pharmacological inhibition of FABP4 with BMS309403 protected against hypoxia‐induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, indicating that FABP4 induction is detrimental for cardiomyocyte survival under hypoxic condition. Moreover, BMS309403 attenuated ER stress in cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia, which, however, was reversed by tunicamycin, an ER stress activator. More importantly, the protective effect of BMS309403 on cardiomyocytes vanished in the presence of tunicamycin. Thus, these observations establish that FABP4 inhibitor BMS309403 reduces hypoxia‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through attenuating excessive ER stress, implying that FABP4 inhibition may be of clinical benefit for MI treatment.
Multicomponent Interventions for the Prevention of Delirium in Hospitalized Older People: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: León‐Salas Beatriz , Trujillo‐Martín María M. , Martínez del Castillo Luis Pedro , García‐García Javier , Pérez‐Ros Pilar , Rivas‐Ruiz Francisco , Serrano‐Aguilar Pedro 
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVESTo comprehensively assess the effects of multicomponent interventions for prevention of delirium in hospitalized older people.DESIGNSystematic review with meta‐analysis following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses methods.PARTICIPANTSAll randomized controlled trials were included. Included studies were conducted in hospitalized older people (aged ≥65 years).MEASUREMENTSThe electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were consulted (search date: 2015 to March 2019). Predefined criteria were used to determine inclusion of studies and to assess their methodologic quality.RESULTSFrom 1,250 records identified, 10 randomized controlled trials were included (n = 2,850: 1355 medical patients, 1,243 surgical, and 160 intensive care unit). The multicomponent interventions, compared with usual care, reduced the incidence of delirium (risk ratio (RR) = 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.54–0.72; I2 = 0%; k = 10; n = 2,758), duration of delirium (RR = −1.18; 95% CI = −1.95 to −0.40; I2 = 45%; k = 6; n = 276), severity of delirium (standard mean difference = −0.98; 95% CI = −1.46 to −0.49; I2 = 0%; k = 3; n = 82), and pressure ulcers (RR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.26–0.88; I2 = 0%; k = 2; n = 457).CONCLUSIONSThis meta‐analysis suggests that multicomponent interventions to prevent delirium are effective in decreasing its incidence, duration, and severity; as well as the incidence of pressure ulcers in hospitalized older people. Therefore, multicomponent interventions hold great promise to impact in the most important and prevalent conditions affecting fragile older people during hospitalization.
A Closer Look at the Behavior of Uncertainty and Disagreement: Micro Evidence from the Euro Area
Authors: RICH ROBERT , TRACY JOSEPH 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper examines point and density forecasts of real GDP growth, inflation, and unemployment from the European Central Bank's Survey of Professional Forecasters. We analyze individual uncertainty measures as well as introduce individual point‐ and density‐based disagreement measures. The analysis indicates forecasters’ uncertainty and disagreement display substantial heterogeneity and persistence, with the latter feature challenging a key prediction of expectations models emphasizing information frictions. We also find that uncertainty is characterized by prominent respondent effects and disagreement by prominent time effects, suggesting these divergent properties underlie the well‐documented weak uncertainty–disagreement linkage. Taken together, our results provide a basis for further development of expectations models.
Unpalatable food for thought: Let marketing research guide effective public obesity interventions
Authors: Holden Stephen S. , Zlatevska Natalina , Parkinson Joy , Cadario Romain , Dubelaar Chris , Lei Jing , Moore Elizabeth , Sayarh Nada , Van Kerckhove Anneleen , Werle Carolina 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe prevalence of obesity is growing unabatedly despite the considerable efforts directed at the problem. Although abundant research has contributed to our understanding of the multifactorial causes of obesity, there is less attention to research that is relevant for guiding social marketers, public health professionals and policymakers in delivering public health interventions for countering and/or preventing the problem of obesity. This review offers six points for identifying and developing research relevant for guiding community‐wide obesity interventions based on the idea that an applied marketing research perspective offers a better model for identifying effective interventions than more theoretical academic research. Specifically, the research guiding public health and social marketing interventions needs to (1) provide information on ultimate outcomes (weight, health and unintended consequences) more than intermediate outcomes (beliefs, attitudes and behaviour), (2) report on observations collected over the longer term, (3) use natural settings (even at a cost of internal validity), (4) endeavour to overcome observer‐effects, (5) report effect sizes (rather than statistical significance) and (6) use moderator analyses to capture variation in how a population responds to interventions.
Macrophages and scavenger receptors in obesity‐associated non‐alcoholic liver fatty disease (NAFLD)
Authors: Kragh Petersen Sine , Bilkei‐Gorzo Orsolya , Govaere Olivier , Härtlova Anetta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWith an increase in sedentary lifestyle and dietary over nutrition, obesity has become one of the major public health problems worldwide and is a prevalent predisposing risk factor to non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease in Western developed countries. NAFLD represents a series of diseased states ranging from non‐alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to steatohepatitis (NASH), which can lead to fibrosis and eventually to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, the only effective treatment to cure end‐stage liver disease is liver transplantation. Macrophages have been reported to play a crucial role in the progression of NAFLD, thereby are a potential target for therapy. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on the role of macrophages and inflammatory signalling pathways associated with obesity and chronic liver inflammation, and their contribution to NAFLD development and progression.
Homicide and Drug Trafficking in Impoverished Communities in Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Elenice De Souza , Silva Braulio Figueiredo Alves da , Sapori Flavio Luiz , Cardoso Gabriela Gomes 
Published: September 2020

Many studies demonstrate that homicides are heavily concentrated in impoverished neighborhoods, but not all socially disadvantaged neighborhoods are hotbeds of violence. Conducted in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, this study hypothesizes that the association between high rates of homicide and impoverished areas is influenced by the emergence of a specific type of street drug-dealing common to favelas (slums). The study applies econometric techniques to police data on homicides and drug arrests from 2008 to 2011, as well as 2010 Census data, to test its hypothesis. The findings provide insight into the development of crime prevention policies in areas of high social vulnerability.
COVID-19 propagation mathematical modeling: the case of Senegal
Authors: Diaby Mouhamadou , Diop Oumar , Konte Almamy , Sene Abdou 
Published: September 2020

The outburst of the COVID-19 pandemic has raised several questions leading to a complex system in terms of modeling. Indeed, the modeling of the epidemic, at the level of a country, needs considering each of the different sources of contamination as well as the public health authorities strategy, in a specific way. With this in mind, in the present paper, we develop a mathematical model of the COVID-19 epidemic in Senegal. In the model, the population is subdivided into five compartments: susceptible, infected but asymptomatic, symptomatic, quarantined, and recovered immune people. In addition, due to its important impact in the propagation of the disease, we add one more variable: the number of infected objects. Therefore, the model corresponds to a system of six non-linear ordinary differential equations we submit to an analytical study to prove the relevancy of the model,? simulate the evolution of the epidemic, and retrieve epidemiological parameters, namely the infection rate and the basic reproduction number
Dual-Porosity Dual-Permeability Poroelastodynamics Analytical Solutions for Mandel’s Problem
Authors: Liu Chao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnalytical solutions to the classical Mandel’s problem play an important role in understanding Biot’s theory of poroelasticity and validating geomechanics numerical algorithms. In this paper, existing quasi-static poroelastic solutions to this problem are extended to the dual-porosity dual-permeability poroelastodynamics solution which considers inertial effects for a naturally fractured and fluid-saturated sample subjected to a harmonic excitation. The solution can generate the associated elastodynamics and poroelastodynamics solutions as special cases. A naturally fractured Ohio sandstone is selected to demonstrate the newly derived solution. The elastodynamics, poroelastodynamics, and dual-porosity poroelastodynamics solutions are compared to illustrate the effects of fluid–solid coupling and the natural fractures. The rock sample behaves in drained condition at low frequencies when the oscillation has insignificant impedance effects on fluid movement. Compared to the other two solutions, the dual-porosity solution predicts the largest amplitude of displacement at low frequencies when the response is predominantly controlled by the stiffness. The Mandel–Cryer effect is observed in both rock matrix and fractures and occurs at a lower frequency in rock matrix because it is easier to build up pore pressure in lower-permeability rock matrix. At high frequencies, pore fluids are trapped and the rock sample behaves in an undrained state. At the resonance frequencies, the elastodynamics solution provides the largest amplitude of displacement, followed by the poroelastodynamics and dual-porosity poroelastodynamics solution. This is because of the dissipation caused by the presence of both fluid and fractures.
Multimodal Evaluation of the Spatiotemporal Variations of Periprosthetic Bone Properties
Authors: Fraulob Manon , Le Cann Sophie , Voumard Benjamin , Yasui Hirokazu , Yano Keita , Vayron Romain , Matsukawa Mami , Zysset Philippe , Haïat Guillaume 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Titanium implants are widely used in dental and orthopedic surgeries. However, implant failures still occur because of a lack of implant stability. The biomechanical properties of bone tissue located around the implant need to be assessed to better understand the osseointegration phenomena and anticipate implant failure. The aim of this study was to explore the spatiotemporal variation of the microscopic elastic properties of newly formed bone tissue close to an implant. Eight coin-shaped Ti6Al4V implants were inserted into rabbit tibiae for 7 and 13 weeks using an in vivo model allowing the distinction between mature and newly formed bone in a standardized configuration. Nanoindentation and micro-Brillouin scattering measurements were carried out in similar locations to measure the indentation modulus and the wave velocity, from which relative variations of bone mass density were extracted. The indentation modulus, the wave velocity and mass density were found to be higher (1) in newly formed bone tissue located close to the implant surface, compared to mature cortical bone tissue, and (2) after longer healing time, consistently with an increased mineralization. Within the bone chamber, the spatial distribution of elastic properties was more heterogeneous for shorter healing durations. After 7 weeks of healing, bone tissue in the bone chamber close to the implant surface was 12.3% denser than bone tissue further away. Bone tissue close to the chamber edge was 16.8% denser than in its center. These results suggest a bone spreading pathway along tissue maturation, which is confirmed by histology and consistent with contact osteogenesis phenomena.
Investigation of Smear Formation Mechanism From DLC Film by Heating
Authors: Tani Hiroshi , Lu Renguo , Koganezawa Shinji , Tagawa Norio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The formation of head smear from DLC films on magnetic disks was confirmed by a simulated heating experiment. DLC films of 100-nm thickness were prepared and heated on a hot plate in an environmental gas chamber. Smear on a silicon wafer placed 3 mm above the DLC surface was observed after heating of the DLC film. The smear amount was quantified using the carbon intensity of the smear measured by XPS. In air, the carbon concentration decreased with the heating temperature; however, the carbon concentration increased with temperature in nitrogen. The carbon concentration of the smear in the air environment was smaller than that of nitrogen. As the result of comparison of smears on DLCs with various hydrogen concentrations, more decomposed gas is generated from the DLC film as the amount of hydrogen contained in the DLC increases, and this value increases at lower temperatures. This result suggests that DLC films with low hydrogen concentrations generate a smaller amount of decomposition gas than those with high hydrogen concentrations during heating. In addition, Raman spectra suggest that the DLC degraded by heating and the hydrocarbon gas-like materials were generated from the DLC film because the DLC films include carbon and hydrogen. Because fragments of 250–500 atomic mass units were observed in the TOF-SIMS spectra of smears, the smear is estimated to consist of a hydrocarbon of relatively high molecular weight.
Derivation and Evaluation of a Poincare-Bendixson Theorem Based Target Acceleration Computation Algorithm for Autonomous Driving on Inverse TTC and Time Headway Plane
Authors: Lee Hye-Won , Oh Kwang-Seok , Yoon Young-Min , Yi Kyong-Su 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper describes derivation algorithm and evaluation results of a Poincare-Bendixson theorem based target acceleration computation algorithm for autonomous driving on inverse time to collision and time headway plane. Derivation of target acceleration is needed for longitudinal autonomous driving. Ellipsoidal driving area is derived for considering driver’s driving characteristic and safety in time headway-inverse time to collision (TTC) plane. And target acceleration computation algorithm has been proposed based on Poincare-Bendixson theorem. Ellipsoidal driving areas are divided main driving area and real-time driving area. Main driving area is derived based on limit of inverse TTC and time headway for takeover time and human factor, real-time driving area is derived through current driving point with ratio of main driving area. It is designed to computation the target acceleration after deriving the target direction by applying a specific angle based on the normal to the current driving point through the real-time driving area. Specific angle is arbitrary value applied acceleration limitation of actual vehicle. The performance evaluation of target acceleration computation algorithm is has been conducted in Matlab/Simulink environment. It is expected that the proposed algorithm can be used for longitudinal control algorithm for safety and personalization of autonomous vehicle.
Finger-Like Mechanism Using Bending Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Ali Hussein F. M. , Baek Hangyeol , Jang Taesoo , Kim Youngshik 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A biologically inspired finger-like mechanism similar to human musculoskeletal system is developed based on Shape Memory Alloy (SMA). SMA actuators are inspiring the design of a modular finger part with compact and compliant actuation. This paper describes a three-segmented finger-like mechanism. This mechanism is composed of six bending Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuators. As a result, our finger mechanism is compact and compliant. The insider three SMA actuator are used for finger flexion while the outsider three SMA actuators are for extension. Each segment of this mechanism can be bent and/or extended independently by actuating a corresponding bending SMA actuator. Furthermore, full bending motion can be achieved by applying coordinated control of the three SMA actuators. Bending and stretching motions of the proposed mechanism are finally demonstrated. The work space of the three-segment finger is studied to verify the reachable points by the end tip. The kinematic model is developed to study the motion of the mechanism. The performance evaluation is executed using force sensor and a temperature monitoring of the corresponding SMA actuators. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the SMA-based finger module can achieve effectively the desired motions as designed.
A New Wireless Power Transfer Circuit With a Single-Stage Regulating Rectifier for Flexible Sensor Patches
Authors: Chang C.-P. , Yen W.-W. , Chao Paul C.-P. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A new wireless power transfer circuit with a single-stage regulating rectifier is designed and validated with satisfactory efficiency for flexible sensor patches. Since the battery is bulky and cannot be fabricated on a flexible substrate, the power source of the electronic patch is realized by wireless power transfer. Magnetic resonance transmission power at 13.56 MHz in the ISM band is adopted to make possible wireless power transfer. Furthermore, for high conversion efficiency, a new single-stage regulating rectifier is designed and implemented at the receiver side of the sensor patch. An active switching full-wave bridge rectifier is designed to reduce conduction loss and increase the voltage-conversion rate. A delay lock loop feedback controller overcomes the switching delays at high frequencies that significantly undermine power conversion efficiency. The voltage rectification and regulation are achieved simultaneously in a single-stage rectifier through 1X/0X mode control. The PFM control is adopted to select the switching frequency of the system in order to maximize the transient response during heavy load and to minimize the switching power losses during light load. The circuit is fabricated via the TSMC 0.35 μm process. The output efficiency of the circuitry was improved by 5–10% in light load as compared with the circuit without PFM control, while the peak efficiency reaches favorable 86%.
Ranking of Thermal Asperity (TA) Interaction During Seeking Under Various Fly-Height Conditions
Authors: Srivastava Abhishek , Lamberts Bernd , Li Ning , Knigge Bernhard 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
HDD heads have various interaction mechanisms with thermal asperities (TAs), and protection mechanisms need to be put in place to ensure the head-disk interaction (HDI) resulting from them is eliminated or minimized to the highest extent possible. It is straightforward to not allow the head sit-on-track on cylinders that have such TAs on them, and the same principle can be extended to so-called high TAs (HTAs), whose height is more than the fly height of the head, so heads do not inadvertently interact with the TA even when motion is triggered on another head, since the entire head stack moves together.
Similar TA interactions also occur when the head seeks across the tracks. Typical short seeks have thermal fly-height control (TFC) turned on while it is turned on during long seeks, which is greater than a few hundred tracks. Heads can also interact with TAs during retract and arrival of the head during such long seeks. Finally, background media scan (BGMS), which is an industry standard, when the drive enters an idle state. Interaction with HTAs can also occur when the drive enters such a state.
Typical seek avoidance attempts to eliminate TA interaction during seeking, however it is not straightforward to determine which of the seek mechanism: TFC On during short seeks, retract/arrival during long seeks, HTA interaction during long seeks with TFC off, or idle TA interaction causes the greatest HDI. Through theoretical analysis and experimental corroboration, this paper intends to rank the various modes of TA interaction, so by developing features for eliminating or minimizing them in that order could help bring the maximum benefit for achieving minimum lifetime reduction of the head due to such interaction.