bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Streptococcus agalactiae colonization and screening approach in high-risk pregnant women in southern Brazil
Authors: Zanini da Rocha Jeane , Feltraco Jéssica , Radin Vanessa , Vitola Gonçalves Carla , Almeida da Silva Pedro Eduardo , Von Groll Andrea 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Considering that Group B Streptococcus (GBS) persists as an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, the objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of maternal colonization by GBS, comparing the culture by the Granada broth with the GeneXpert real-time PCR diagnostic methods and the impact of chemoprophylaxis in high-risk pregnant women.
Methodology: A prospective cohort of 110 pregnant women hospitalized for gestational complications was formed and recruited following interview and collection of rectovaginal swabs.
Results: The frequency of maternal colonization was 28.2% and statistically associated with Capurro> 37 weeks (p = 0.030) and neonatal infection (p = 0.008). Chemoprophylaxis was offered to 80% of those colonized. Among the pregnant women treated, a fivefold reduction in the rate of prematurity and rate of neonatal infection was observed. The sensitivity was 76.6% and 86.6% in culture and PCR, respectively, with an optimal index of agreement between the methods (K = 0.877). Grenade culture was considered an easy and low-cost method, while GeneXpert presented higher cost and error rate of 10%. However, 23.3% of the pregnant women were diagnosed exclusively by GeneXpert and the results were obtained in two hours.
Conclusions: This study showed a significant prevalence of maternal colonization for GBS and that both culture and molecular methods had peculiarities that allow different applicability, with the culture being feasible for antenatal screening and in the hospital for high-risk pregnant women with no sign of imminent delivery and GeneXpert being prioritized for situations of preterm birth.
Comparison of Quantiferon-TB Gold and TST tests in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection among HIV infected patients in Hamadan, west of Iran
Authors: Keramat Fariba , Bagheri Delavar Benyamin , Zamani Alireza , Poorolajal Jalal , Lajevardi Elham , Saadatmand Ali 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases the susceptibility of patients for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and reactivtion tuberculosis. This study aimed to compare the Quantiferon-TB gold-in tube test (QFT) with tuberculin skin test (TST) in the diagnosis of LTBI in HIV infected patients.
Methodology: This comparative study of 89 patients with HIV in the Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center in Hamadan was carried out from July 2015 to November 2016. After obtaining consent from the patients, all demographic data, clinical manifestations, and laboratory results (CD4 count, TST and QFT) were entered into the questionnaires. The CD4 count is usually routinely performed using flow cytometry at the Behavioral Counselling Center. Quantiferon-TB test was done by using Qiagen – Quantiferon-2 plate kit ELISA.
Results: Totally, 89 HIV infected patients with the mean age of 39.55 ± 10.31 years old were enrolled in the study. Sixty patients (67.42%) were male. The mean duration of HIV infection was 4.44 ± 3.88 years and the mean of CD4 count was 388.65 ± 260.66 cells/µL . Twenty patients had LTBI based on TST. Considering the QFT intermediate results as a positive test, the percent agreement of QFT and TST was 59.55%, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.2387).
Conclusions: According to the results, there was no significant percent agreement between QFT and TST for detecting LTBI in HIV infected patients. However, by decreasing CD4 counts, there was a significant relation between TST positive and LTBI in HIV patients.
Systematic Profiling of Full-Length Ig and TCR Repertoire Diversity in Rhesus Macaque through Long Read Transcriptome Sequencing
Authors: Brochu Hayden N. , Tseng Elizabeth , Smith Elise , Thomas Matthew J. , Jones Aiden M. , Diveley Kayleigh R. , Law Lynn , Hansen Scott G. , Picker Louis J. , Gale Michael , Peng Xinxia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe diversity of Ig and TCR repertoires is a focal point of immunological studies. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are key for modeling human immune responses, placing critical importance on the accurate annotation and quantification of their Ig and TCR repertoires. However, because of incomplete reference resources, the coverage and accuracy of the traditional targeted amplification strategies for profiling rhesus Ig and TCR repertoires are largely unknown. In this study, using long read sequencing, we sequenced four Indian-origin rhesus macaque tissues and obtained high-quality, full-length sequences for over 6000 unique Ig and TCR transcripts, without the need for sequence assembly. We constructed, to our knowledge, the first complete reference set for the constant regions of all known isotypes and chain types of rhesus Ig and TCR repertoires. We show that sequence diversity exists across the entire variable regions of rhesus Ig and TCR transcripts. Consequently, existing strategies using targeted amplification of rearranged variable regions comprised of V(D)J gene segments miss a significant fraction (27–53% and 42–49%) of rhesus Ig/TCR diversity. To overcome these limitations, we designed new rhesus-specific assays that remove the need for primers conventionally targeting variable regions and allow single cell level Ig and TCR repertoire analysis. Our improved approach will enable future studies to fully capture rhesus Ig and TCR repertoire diversity and is applicable for improving annotations in any model organism.
Rapid Death of Follicular B Cells and Burkitt Lymphoma Cells Effectuated by Xbp1s
Authors: Chen Yi-Ting , Kung John T. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
BCR-mediated tonic signaling is an indispensable requirement for the survival of follicular B (FOB) cells and Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cells. FOB cells of the I-A12% mutant mouse express unfolded protein response and are extremely short lived. Among the myriad molecules activated by unfolded protein response in I-A12% B cells, Xbp1s singularly “hijacked” p110 from p85:p110 heterodimeric PI3K, thereby abating BCR tonic signaling, resulting in their extremely short lifespan. Long-lived normal FOB cells became short lived upon ectopic Xbp1s expression. The proapoptotic Xbp1s role in FOB cells starkly contrasts with its antithetical prosurvival function in plasma cells. Also, tonic signaling and clonal expansion, two important functions mediated by the same BCR, operate in independent and distinct manners. Furthermore, concerning the development of new therapeutic treatment of drug-refractory BL patients, our finding of Xbp1s-mediated rapid death of BL cells brings forth a conceptual advancement based on blocking PI3K heterodimer formation rather than inhibition of PI3K enzyme activity.
CD25-Targeted IL-2 Signals Promote Improved Outcomes of Influenza Infection and Boost Memory CD4 T Cell Formation
Authors: Alam Fahmida , Singh Ayushi , Flores-Malavet Valeria , Sell Stewart , Cooper Andrea M. , Swain Susan L. , McKinstry K. Kai , Strutt Tara M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
IL-2 is a pleotropic cytokine with potent pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. These divergent impacts can be directed in vivo by forming complexes of IL-2 and anti–IL-2 mAbs (IL-2C) to target IL-2 to distinct subsets of cells based on their expression of subunits of the IL-2R. In this study, we show that treatment of mice with a prototypical anti-inflammatory IL-2C, JES6-1–IL-2C, best known to induce CD25+ regulatory CD4 T cell expansion, surprisingly causes robust induction of a suite of inflammatory factors. However, treating mice infected with influenza A virus with this IL-2C reduces lung immunopathology. We compare the spectrum of inflammatory proteins upregulated by pro- and anti-inflammatory IL-2C treatment and uncover a pattern of expression that reveals potentially beneficial versus detrimental aspects of the influenza-associated cytokine storm. Moreover, we show that anti-inflammatory IL-2C can deliver survival signals to CD4 T cells responding to influenza A virus that improve their memory fitness, indicating a novel application of IL-2 to boost pathogen-specific T cell memory while simultaneously reducing immunopathology.
Analisis Persepsi Konsumen Tentang Labelisasi Halal Pada Pembelian Produk Makanan Impor Dalam Kemasan Ditinjau Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah Di Kecamatan Bengkalis Kabupaten Bengkalis
Authors: Sutardi Iis 
Published: May 2020

Labelisasi halal merupakan pencatuman tulisan atau pernyataan halal pada kemasan produk untuk menunjukkan bahwa produk yang dimaksud berstatus sebagai produk halal. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis persepsi konsumen tentang labelisasi halal pada pembelian produk makanan impor dalam kemasan ditinjau perspektif ekonomi syariah di Kecamatan Bengkalis Kabupaten Bengkalis dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menentukan persepsi konsumen tentang labelisasi halal pada pembelian produk makanan impor dalam kemasan. Lokasi penelitian ini pada Kecamatan Bengkalis Kabupaten Bengkalis. Populasi penelitian ini berjumlah 442.211 orang dan sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 100 orang dengan teknik sampel menggunakan rumus slovin yang kemudian diklasifikasikan dengan menggunakan simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan angket secara langsung kepada konsumen di Kecamatan Bengkalis Kabupaten Bengkalis dengan menggunakan skala likert kemudian diberi skor. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan kategori pengukuran “Sangat Baik” pada kategori 81%-100%, “Baik” pada kategori 61%-80%, “Tidak Pasti” pada kategori 41%-60%, “Buruk” pada kategori 21%-40%, dan “Sangat Buruk” pada kategori 0%-20%. Berdasarkan analis data dapat diketahui analisis persepsi konsumen tentang labelisasi halal pada pembelian produk makanan impor dalam kemasan ditinjau perspektif ekonomi syariah di Kecamatan Bengkalis Kabupaten Bengkalis dikatakan “Baik” dengan persentase 74% yang berada pada 60%-80%. Adapun faktor yang menentukan persepsi konsumen tentang labelisasi halal pada pembelian produk makanan impor dalam kemasan ditinjau perspektif ekonomi syariah di Kecamatan Bengkalis Kabupaten Bengkalis yaitu faktor memilih. Dalam menentukan (mengambil dan sebagainya) sesuatu yang dianggap sesuai dengan kesukaan selera dan sebagainya. Sedangkan mengatur yakni tentang kepastian hukum yang berlaku tentang produk makanan yang berlabel halal. Menafsirkan apakah produk makanan impor dalam kemasan sudah berlabel halal MUI.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Keberhasilan Usaha Pedagang Pasar Sukaramai Di Kecamatan Bengkalis
Authors: Mashuri Mashuri , Eryana Eryana , Ezril Ezril 
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh modal, jumlah tenaga kerja, tingkat pendidikan, pengalaman, lama jam kerja, usia para pedagang pasar terhadap tingkat keberhasilan usaha para pedagang di pasar Sukaramai kecamatan Bengkalis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian inferensial dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling jumlah yang digunakan sebagai sampel sebanyak 47 orang pemilik toko (kios). Teknik pengumpulan data primer menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara serta observasi lapangan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif modal terhadap pendapatan pedagang di pasar Sukaramai Bengkalis yang ditunjukan dengan nilai koefisien standar regresi sebesar 0,673. Terdapat pengaruh tenaga kerja dengan nilai koefisien standar regresi sebesar 0,295, tidak terdapat pengaruh pendidikan (dummy variable) dan lama usaha (pengalaman) terhadap peningkatan pendapatan (keberhasilan usaha), terdapat pengaruh positif lama jam kerja dengan nilai koefisien standar regresi sebesar 0,229, dan tidak terdapat pengaruh usia terhadap keberhasilan para pedagang di pasar Sukaramai kecamatan Bengkalis. Sedangkan secara simultan yakni pengaruh modal, jumlah tenaga kerja, tingkat pendidikan, pengalaman, lama jam kerja, usia terhadap tingkat keberhasilan pedagang di pasar Sukaramai kecamatan Bengkalis sebesar 94,8% sedangkan sisanya sebesar 5,2% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.
OH level populations and accuracies of Einstein-A coefficients from hundreds of measured lines
Authors: Noll Stefan , Winkler Holger , Goussev Oleg , Proxauf Bastian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. OH airglow is an important nocturnal emission of the Earth's mesopause region.
As it is chemiluminescent radiation in a thin medium, the population
distribution over the various roto-vibrational OH energy levels of the
electronic ground state is not in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). In
order to better understand these non-LTE effects, we studied hundreds of OH
lines in a high-quality mean spectrum based on observations with the
high-resolution Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph at Cerro Paranal
in Chile. Our derived populations cover vibrational levels between v=3 and 9, rotational levels up to N=24, and individual Λ-doublet
components when resolved. As the reliability of these results critically
depends on the Einstein-A coefficients used, we tested six different sets and
found clear systematic errors in all of them, especially for Q-branch lines
and individual Λ-doublet components. In order to minimise the
deviations in the populations for the same upper level, we used the most
promising coefficients from Brooke et al. (2016) and further
improved them with an empirical correction approach. The resulting rotational
level populations show a clear bimodality for each v, which is characterised
by a probably fully thermalised cold component and a hot population where the
rotational temperature increases between v=9 and 4 from about 700 to about
7000 K, and the corresponding contribution to the total population at the
lowest N decreases by an order of magnitude. The presence of the hot
populations causes non-LTE contributions to rotational temperatures at low
N, which can be estimated quite robustly based on the two-temperature model.
The bimodality is also clearly indicated by the dependence of the populations
on changes in the effective emission height of the OH emission layer. The
degree of thermalisation decreases with increasing layer height due to a
higher fraction of the hot component. Our high-quality population data are
promising with respect to a better understanding of the OH thermalisation
process.
Physico-chemical characterization of urban aerosols from specific combustion sources in West Africa at Abidjan in Côte d'Ivoire and Cotonou in Benin in the frame of the DACCIWA program
Authors: Adon Aka Jacques , Liousse Catherine , Doumbia Elhadji Thierno , Baeza-Squiban Armelle , Cachier Hélène , Léon Jean-Francois , Yoboué Véronique , Akpo Aristique Barthel , Galy-Lacaux Corinne , Guinot Benjamin , Zouiten Cyril , Xu Hongmei , Gardrat Eric , Keita Sekou 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Urban air pollution in West Africa has yet to be well characterized. In the
frame of DACCIWA (Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West
Africa) program, intensive measurement campaigns were performed in Abidjan
(Côte d'Ivoire) and Cotonou (Benin), in dry (January 2016 and 2017) and
wet (July 2015 and 2016) seasons, at different sites chosen to be
representative of African urban combustion sources, i.e., domestic fires
(ADF), traffic (AT) and waste burning (AWB) sources in Abidjan and traffic
source in Cotonou (CT). Both the size distribution of particulate matter
(PM) and their chemical composition including elemental carbon (EC), organic
carbon (OC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water-soluble inorganic
ions (WSI) and trace metals were examined. Results show very high PM
concentrations at all sites and a well-marked seasonality as well as a
strong spatial variation. The average PM2.5 mass concentrations
during the wet season are 517.3, 104.1, 90.3, and 69.1 µg m−3 at
the ADF, CT, AT, and AWB sites, respectively. In the dry season, PM2.5 concentrations decrease to 375.7 µg m−3 at the ADF site, while
they increase to 269.7, 141.3, and 175.3 µg m−3 at the CT, AT, and
AWB sites, respectively. The annual PM2.5 levels at almost all sites
are significantly higher than the WHO guideline level of 10 µg m−3. As for PM mass, (EC) and (OC) concentrations are also maximal at
the ADF site, accounting for up to 69 % of the total PM mass. Such a high content is
mainly linked to wood burning for domestic cooking and commercial food
smoking activities. Dust contributions are dominant at CT (57 %–80 %), AT
(20 %–70 %), and AWB (30 %–69 %) sites and especially in the coarse and fine-particle modes at the CT site and in the coarse fraction at the AT site, which may be
explained by the impact of long-range desert-dust transport and resuspended
particles from the roads, in addition to anthropogenic sources. The
contributions of WSI to the total PM mass, mainly driven by chloride,
nitrate, and calcium in the fine and/or large particles, are highly variable
according to the sites but remain less than 30 %. Values are generally 1–3 times higher in the wet season than in the dry season. This is due not only to
anthropogenic emissions but also to nitrate formation by reaction processes
and natural emissions. The concentrations of trace elements reflect well the
trends in dust at the traffic and AWB sites, with a predominance of Al, Na,
Ca, Fe, and K, keys markers of crustal dust. This study constitutes an
original database that characterizes specific African combustion sources.
UnSita Unfinished with Mama Sita
Authors: Mukhi Sunita S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
UnSita Unfinished with Mama Sita is an excerpt from The Devi Diva Triad, a solo performance presented at the United Solo Festival in Manhattan, 2014, in which I contend with three “divine” personas as shards of my kaleidoscopic self and the issues that I deal with every day as a diasporic woman of Sindhi Hindu origin born and bred in the Philippines, sojourned in the United States for thirty years, and now back in Manila. Sita personifies for me an iconic archetype that needs to be toppled from her exalted pedestal so that she can really tell you and I why we are here grappling with these perennial human/inhumane concerns of injustice and inequality. In this monologue, I refuse to celebrate Divali, the Hindu Festival of Lights. So Mama Sita, the paragon of Hindu womanhood and the Queen of the great epic Ramayana seeks to set my head straight.
Prevalence of Substance Abuse in Rishikesh: A Community Based Study
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Kishore Surekha , Khapre Meenakshi , Usha Preeti , Rehan Abu , Reddy Navuluri K 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: There are various problem which have harmful impact on health, these problem are mainly behavioural with multifunctional causation. Amongst such problem, addiction of substance abuse is on rising trend, overall globally. The study conducted to determine the prevalence of substance abuse in the community.
Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Rishikesh Tehsil. People of age group between 15-60 years residing in study area were recruited as study participants. Total sample size covered in this study was 804.Since the population of urban and rural area is almost equal, so to get equal representative from urban and rural area, 402 study participant were selected from each strata as rural and urban area respectively. The validated interview schedule were then analysed using appropriate statistical techniques like percentage, chi-square test and p-value.
Results: overall prevalence of substance abuse was found to be 37.4% out of which the prevalence of current users was 31.34% respectively.
Conclusion: The study revealed that in spite of having strict law for prohibition of substance abuse, people are still addicted. There is a need to change either in law or in behaviour of people at large.
Costurando conversas de varanda: expressões ornamentais, subjetivas e memoriais em fachadas e palavras da cidade de papel.
Authors: Goulart Fernanda Guimarães 
Published: May 2020

Este artigo toma como alicerce o projeto "Urbano Ornamento: um inventário de grades ornamentais em Belo Horizonte (e outras belezas)", que resultou na tese de doutorado da autora e em livro homônimo, e que tem como produto um exaustivo inventário de desenhos vetoriais que reproduzem modelos da serralheria artística integrada à arquitetura na capital mineira. O objetivo é circunscrever como objeto de análise as recorrentes tipologias arquitetônicas encontradas no trabalho de campo, nomeadas aqui de casas patchwork. Essas moradias que conjugam azujelos e grades ornamentais em suas fachadas, bem como as entrevistas que realizamos com seus moradores são, aqui, um pretexto para refletir sobre a sobrevivência do ornamento no espaço urbano atual, tomando como base sua dimensão popular, as narrativas urbanas e a relação entre imaginação e memória.
A imagem-ficção como estratégia de ação para mundos possíveis
Authors: Romagnoli Bethonico Marina 
Published: May 2020

Neste artigo, propõe-se uma aplicação das teorias dos mundos possíveis no estudo da imagem e de seus efeitos. Após uma breve introdução a esse universo teórico, passa-se para o contexto das artes visuais, no qual não existem ainda muitos trabalhos publicados à respeito. Desenvolve-se a ideia de um pensamento dos modos de fazer mundo, que emerge de uma imagem-ficção ativa, instaurada pelo fingere. A atitude de auto-denunciação dessa imagem permite ao espectador encontrar evidências de sua qualidade de manipulada, o que acaba por permitir uma mudança cognitiva em relação às construções e mudanças que podemos realizar no nosso mundo ditoreal. Como a imagem, a realidade é matéria manipulável, e a compreensão disso abre vias para a construção de novos contextos coletivos.
A New Philomycus Mantleslug Species from Texas and a Key to US Philomycus Species
Authors: TABER STEPHEN W. , FLEENOR SCOTT B. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
A new species of Philomycus mantleslug from eastern Texas, USA, is described. Philomycus texanus Taber and Fleenor is distinguished from the remaining eight currently recognized Nearctic Philomycus species by its internal reproductive anatomy and by its external coloration. It is currently known only from the relict Lost Pines loblolly forest, which is a post-ice age refugium for a variety of animal and plant species not expected to occur so far west of the southeastern United States. A key to the nine recognized species of the genus is provided.