bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Will healthcare workers improve infection prevention and control behaviors as COVID-19 risk emerges and increases, in China?
Authors: Lai Xiaoquan , Wang Xuemei , Yang Qiuxia , Xu Xiaojun , Tang Yuqing , Liu Chenxi , Tan Li , Lai Ruying , Wang He , Zhang Xinping , Zhou Qian , Chen Hao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 arise global attention since their first public reporting. Infection prevention and control (IPC) is critical to combat COVID-19, especially at the early stage of pandemic outbreak. This study aimed to measure level of healthcare workers’ (HCW’) self-reported IPC behaviors with the risk of COVID-19 emerges and increases.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in two tertiary hospitals. A structured self-administered questionnaire was delivered to HCWs in selected hospitals. The dependent variables were self-reported IPC behavior compliance; and independent variables were outbreak risk and three intent of infection risk (risk of contact with suspected patients, high-risk department, risk of affected area). Chi-square tests and multivariable negative binomial regression models were employed.

Results
A total of 1386 participants were surveyed. The risk of outbreak increased self-reported IPC behavior on each item (coefficient varied from 0.029 to 0.151). Considering different extent of risk, HCWs from high-risk department had better self-reported practice in most IPC behavior (coefficient ranged from 0.027 to 0.149). HCWs in risk-affected area had higher self-reported compliance in several IPC behavior (coefficient ranged from 0.028 to 0.113). However, HCWs contacting with suspected patients had lower self-reported compliance in several IPC behavior (coefficient varied from − 0.159 to − 0.087).

Conclusions
With the risk of COVID-19 emerges, HCWs improve IPC behaviors comprehensively, which benefits for better combat COVID-19. With the risk (high-risk department and affected area) further increases, majority of IPC behaviors achieved improvement. Nevertheless, under the risk of contact with suspected patients, HCWs show worse IPC behaviors. Which may result from higher work load and insufficient supplies and resources among these HCWs. The preparedness system should be improved and medical assistance is urgently needed.
Eggshell and environmental bacteria contribute to the intestinal microbiota of growing chickens
Authors: Maki Joel J. , Bobeck Elizabeth A. , Sylte Matthew J. , Looft Torey 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The initial intestinal microbiota acquired from different sources has profound impacts on animal health and productivity. In modern poultry production practices, the source(s) of the establishing microbes and their overall contribution during development of gastrointestinal tract communities are still unclear. Using fertilized eggs from two independent sources, we assessed the impact of eggshell- and environmental-associated microbial communities on the successional processes and bacterial community structure throughout the intestinal tract of chickens for up to 6 weeks post-hatch.

Results
Culturing and sequencing techniques identified a viable, highly diverse population of anaerobic bacteria on the eggshell. The jejunal, ileal, and cecal microbial communities for the egg-only, environment-only, and conventionally raised birds generally displayed similar successional patterns characterized by increasing community richness and evenness over time, with strains of Enterococcus, Romboutsia, and unclassified Lachnospiraceae abundant for all three input groups in both trials. Bacterial community structures differed significantly based on trial and microbiota input with the exception of the egg-exposed and conventional birds in the jejunum at week 1 and the ileum at week 6. Cecal community structures were different based on trial and microbiota input source, and cecal short-chain fatty acid profiles at week 6 highlighted functional differences as well.

Conclusion
We identified distinct intestinal microbial communities and differing cecal short-chain fatty acid profiles between birds exposed to the microbiota associated with either the eggshell or environment, and those of conventionally hatched birds. Our data suggest the eggshell plays an appreciable role in the development of the chicken intestinal microbiota, especially in the jejunum and ileum where the community structure of the eggshell-only birds was similar to the structure of conventionally hatched birds. Our data identify a complex interplay between the eggshell and environmental microbiota during establishment and succession within the chicken gut. Further studies should explore the ability of eggshell- and environment-derived microbes to shape the dynamics of succession and how these communities can be targeted through interventions to promote gut health and mitigate food-borne pathogen colonization in poultry.
Reactive-oxygen-species-mediated mechanism for photoinduced antibacterial and antiviral activities of Ag3PO4
Authors: Seo Youngsik , Park Keunchun , Hong Yonggun , Lee Eun Sik , Kim Sang-Soon , Jung Yong-Tae , Park Heonyong , Kwon Chian , Cho Young-Sik , Huh Young-Duk 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCubic-shaped Ag3PO4 crystals with a mean size of 1 μm were synthesized by a precipitation method from a mixed solution of AgNO3, Na2HPO4, and triethanolamine. The antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Listeria innocua, and Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 in both the absence and presence of Ag3PO4 under dark conditions and in the presence of Ag3PO4 under red-light (625 nm) and blue-light (460 nm) irradiation were examined. The concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also measured in the antibacterial action of the Ag3PO4 against Escherichia coli. The photoinduced enhancement of the Ag3PO4 antibacterial activity under blue-light irradiation is explained by the formation of ROS during the antibacterial action of the Ag3PO4. Moreover, the antiviral activity of Ag3PO4 against amphotropic 10A1 murine leukemia virus enhanced under blue-light irradiation via ROS production. These results provide an insight into extended bio-applications of Ag3PO4.
Improvement on spatial resolution of a coseismic slip distribution using postseismic geodetic data through a viscoelastic inversion
Authors: Tomita Fumiaki , Iinuma Takeshi , Ohta Yusaku , Hino Ryota , Kido Motoyuki , Uchida Naoki 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObvious crustal deformation is observed during a postseismic period as well as a coseismic period associated with a large earthquake. Major mechanisms of transient postseismic deformation are known as afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation. Since the viscoelastic relaxation occurs as a response to a coseismic slip, postseismic deformation provides information on coseismic deformation through the viscoelastic response. However, most previous studies have not thoroughly utilized postseismic geodetic observational data for revealing coseismic slip behaviors. In this study, we developed a slip inversion method that simultaneously estimates coseismic slip and postseismic slip distributions from coseismic and postseismic geodetic observational data using viscoelastic Green’s function (viscoelastic inversion method). We investigated the performance of the viscoelastic inversion method via two synthetic tests: one assumed a strike–slip event along an inland fault, while the other assumed a dip–slip event along a plate interface in a subduction zone. Both synthetic tests demonstrated that when extensive postseismic observational data were given, the viscoelastic inversion method provided a superior spatial resolution of coseismic slip distributions compared to conventional elastic inversion distributions. We also applied the viscoelastic inversion method to co- and post-seismic deformations associated with the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake. The seafloor geodetic observational network of the off-Tohoku region has been widely extended after the occurrence of the mainshock. Using this extended seafloor geodetic observational data, we successfully improved the spatial resolution of the coseismic slip distribution through the viscoelastic inversion method. Furthermore, using the seafloor observational data during the postseismic period, our inversion method enables us to obtain high spatial resolution of the coseismic slip in the offshore area and a reasonable coseismic slip distribution even if seafloor observational data during the coseismic period are unavailable. These results clarify the importance of deploying a geodetic observational network even after large coseismic events to assess past coseismic slip behaviors by considering the viscoelasticity of the Earth.
Ocean carbon pump decomposition and its application to CMIP5 earth system model simulations
Authors: Oka Akira 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe ocean stores 60 times as much carbon as the atmosphere, and the ocean carbon cycle has a critical role in controlling atmospheric CO2 concentration. The concept of ocean carbon pump is widely used for describing the ocean carbon cycle, but the term “ocean carbon pump” is not necessarily strictly defined and has been differently referred in previous studies. Here, using three dimensional distributions of dissolved inorganic carbon concentration, total alkalinity, phosphate, and salinity, four types of ocean carbon pump (organic matter, calcium carbonate, gas exchange, and freshwater flux pumps) were formulated. Although previously proposed decomposition emphasizes the enrichment in the deep ocean, my decomposition focuses on surface depletion which directly affects air-sea CO2 exchanges. Based on this decomposition, vector diagram for quantifying the individual roles of the pumps in controlling the ocean surface pCO2, which is in balance with atmospheric CO2 concentration, was demonstrated in this study. The method was applied to the observational climatology, and the contributions of the four carbon pump components to atmospheric CO2 were visualized in a single figure (the vector diagram); each carbon pump component was represented by one vector, and its contribution to CO2 concentration was measured from the difference in the contour values between the beginning and end of the vector. The same analysis was also applied to the CMIP5 earth system model simulations. All the models reproduced the same level of atmospheric CO2 concentration as the observation; however, the contributions from the four carbon pumps varied. The vector diagram was shown to quantify the differences in the contributions from the pumps between the models and against the observation. This study demonstrated that the proposed vector diagram analysis is a useful tool for quantifying the individual contributions of the ocean carbon pumps to atmospheric CO2 concentration and is helpful for evaluating the reproducibility of ocean carbon cycle models.
Context matters: the psychoneurobiological determinants of placebo, nocebo and context-related effects in physiotherapy
Authors: Rossettini Giacomo , Camerone Eleonora Maria , Carlino Elisa , Benedetti Fabrizio , Testa Marco 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPlacebo and nocebo effects embody psychoneurobiological phenomena where behavioural, neurophysiological, perceptive and cognitive changes occur during the therapeutic encounter in the healthcare context. Placebo effects are produced by a positive healthcare context; while nocebo effects are consequences of negative healthcare context. Historically, placebo, nocebo and context-related effects were considered as confounding elements for clinicians and researchers. In the last two decades this attitude started to change, and the understanding of the value of these effects has increased. Despite the growing interest, the knowledge and the awareness of using the healthcare context to trigger placebo and nocebo effects is currently limited and heterogeneous among physiotherapists, reducing their translational value in the physiotherapy field.ObjectivesTo introduce the placebo, nocebo and context-related effects by: (1) presenting their psychological models; (2) describing their neurophysiological mechanisms; (3) underlining their impact for the physiotherapy profession; and (4) tracing lines for future researches.ConclusionSeveral psychological mechanisms are involved in placebo, nocebo and context-related effects; including expectation, learning processes (classical conditioning and observational learning), reinforced expectations, mindset and personality traits. The neurophysiological mechanisms mainly include the endogenous opioid, the endocannabinoid and the dopaminergic systems. Neuroimaging studies have identified different brain regions involved such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the rostral anterior cingulate cortex, the periaqueductal gray and the dorsal horn of spine. From a clinical perspective, the manipulation of the healthcare context with the best evidence-based therapy represents an opportunity to trigger placebo effects and to avoid nocebo effects respecting the ethical code of conduct. From a managerial perspective, stakeholders, organizations and governments should encourage the assessment of the healthcare context aimed to improve the quality of physiotherapy services. From an educational perspective, placebo and nocebo effects are professional topics that should be integrated in the university program of health and medical professions. From a research perspective, the control of placebo, nocebo and context-related effects offers to the scientific community the chance to better measure the impact of physiotherapy on different outcomes and in different conditions through primary studies.
The use of learning dashboards to support complex in-class pedagogical scenarios in medical training: how do they influence students’ cognitive engagement?
Authors: de Leng Bas , Pawelka Friedrich 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aims to contribute to empirical and interdisciplinary knowledge on how visual learning analytics tools can support students’ cognitive engagement in complex in-class scenarios. Taking a holistic approach, instructional design, learning analytics, and students’ perceptions were examined together. The teaching of systematic viewing and image interpretation in radiology education was used to exemplify a complex in-class scenario, and a specific learning dashboard was designed as a support tool. The design was based on both educational and visualization theories and aligned with a pedagogical scenario integrating individual and class-wide activities. The quantity and quality of the cognitive engagement of a group of 26 students were explored. A mixed method approach was used, including computer log file analyses of individual work, analysis of video recordings of in-class small group discussions, and a focus group discussion with the students involved. The in-class scenario with the learning dashboard resulted in a good balance between individual tasks and group discussions and a high degree of active cognitive engagement. Constructive and interactive forms of cognitive engagement were, however, less evident. In addition, the products of these constructive (description of findings) and interactive (type of dialogue) cognitive engagements were of mediocre quality and therefore not optimal for knowledge transfer. The study also showed that the way the students and teacher understood their respective tasks and used the available interaction techniques of the learning dashboard highly influenced the students’ cognitive engagement. Finally, several ideas emerged that could help to overcome the deficits found in the training of participants and to improve the tasks set and the learning dashboard itself.
Preoperative vitamin D level does not affect the short-term functional outcome after total knee arthroplasty in elderly women
Authors: Hwang Il Yeong , Park Ki Bong , Chang Sung Who , Cho Sung Do , Youm Yoon Seok 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
We aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D levels on the functional outcome of elderly women who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods
Seven hundred and four patients (1013 knees) who underwent primary TKA were included in our retrospective study. Preoperative vitamin D levels were measured and the relationship analyzed between these and age, weight, height, body mass index, and bone mineral density. Two hundred and twenty patients (220 knees) who received unilateral TKA and were followed up for more than 1 year after operation were divided into two groups: Group 1, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) level < 20 ng/ml; and Group 2, 25(OH)D3 level ≥ 20 ng/ml. Both groups were evaluated for the relationship between vitamin D levels and postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, Knee Society Knee Score (KSKS), Knee Society Function Score (KSFS), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score.

Results
The number of vitamin D-deficient patients (< 20 ng/ml of serum 25(OH)D3 level) was 556 (79.0%). In the correlation analysis, the vitamin D level was negatively correlated with weight only (p = 0.033). No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of postoperative VAS score, KSKS, KSFS, and WOMAC score.

Conclusions
Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent in patients who underwent TKA. Vitamin D levels negatively correlated with weight. Low vitamin D level was not a risk factor for unsatisfactory TKA outcome in elderly women.
The prevalence of mental disorders and patterns of comorbidity within a large sample of mentally ill prisoners: A network analysis
Authors: van Buitenen Nora , van den Berg Chantal J.W. , Meijers Jesse , Harte Joke M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground.Comorbidity has profound implications in both the clinical field and research, yet little is known about the prevalence and structure of comorbid mental disorders. This article aims not only to present data on the prevalence of mental disorders and comorbidity, but also to explore relationships between comorbid mental disorders by using a network approach.Methods.Data used in this cross-sectional study are part of a prospective cohort study within penitentiary psychiatric centers (PPCs) in the Netherlands. It includes DSM diagnoses of 5,257 unique male patients incarcerated in one of the PPC's. Prevalence rates of mental disorders and comorbidity were calculated, the network of comorbid DSM diagnoses was constructed using regression coefficients.Results.Schizophrenia spectrum and substance-related disorders were most prevalent within this sample (56.7 and 43.1%, respectively), and over half of all patients were diagnosed with a comorbid disorder (56.9%). Four distinctive groups of disorders emerged from the network analysis of DSM diagnoses: substance use, impulsivity, poor social skills, and disruptive behaviors. Psychotic disorders were considered as a separate group as it was unconnected to other disorders.Conclusions.Comorbid mental disorders can be described, at least in part, as connected networks. Underlying attributes as well as direct influences of mental disorders on one another seem to be affecting the presence of comorbidity. Results could contribute to the understanding of a possible causal relation between psychopathology and criminal behavior and the development of treatment programs targeting groups of disorders.
Treatment Complications and Survival Among Children and Young Adults With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Alvarez Elysia M. , Malogolowkin Marcio , Hoch Jeffrey S. , Li Qian , Brunson Ann , Pollock Brad H. , Muffly Lori , Wun Ted , Keegan Theresa H. M. 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE: We previously demonstrated lower early mortality for young adults (YAs) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who received induction treatment at specialized cancer centers (SCCs) versus community hospitals. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of inpatient location of treatment throughout therapy on long-term survival, complications, and cost—associations that have not yet been evaluated at the population level. METHODS: Using the California Cancer Registry linked to a hospitalization database, we identified patients, 0-39 years of age, diagnosed with first primary ALL who received inpatient treatment between 1991 and 2014. Patients were classified as receiving all or part or none of their inpatient treatment at an SCC within 3 years of diagnosis. Inverse probability–weighted, multivariable Cox regression models estimated the associations between location of treatment and sociodemographic and clinical factors with survival. We compared 3-year inpatient costs overall and per day by age group and location of care. RESULTS: Eighty-four percent (0-18 years; n = 4,549) of children and 36% of YAs (19-39 years; n = 683) received all treatment at SCCs. Receiving all treatment at an SCC was associated with superior leukemia-specific (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.88) and overall survival (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.97) in children and in YAs (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.83; HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.80) even after controlling for complications. The cost of inpatient care during the full course of therapy was higher in patients receiving all of their care at SCCs. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that inpatient treatment at an SCC throughout therapy is associated with superior survival; therefore, strong consideration should be given to referring these patients to SCCs.
Survey of Principal Investigators in Biobanking: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Research Behaviors About Transgender and Gender-Diverse Patients
Authors: Jones Nat C. , Reyes Monica E. , Quinn Gwendolyn P. , Schabath Matthew B. 
Published: June 2020

PURPOSE: Biobanks usually do not collect transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) demographic information, hindering research on cancer risk and biological effects related to gender-affirming interventions. METHODS: In August 2019, 172 scientists involved in biobanking research at a single institution (H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL) were invited to complete a survey measuring knowledge and attitudes about TGD health and research practices. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed. RESULTS: Among 47 respondents, there was high agreement (77%) regarding the importance of collecting TGD identities and histories of gender-affirming treatments with biospecimens, which was contrasted by low self-reported rates of respondents’ biorepositories allowing for the entry of TGD identities (14.9%) and histories of gender-affirming interventions (8.5%). There was high interest in receiving education regarding the unique cancer health needs of TGD patients (74%), and knowledge questions yielded high percentages of “neutral” and “don’t know or prefer not to answer” responses. After completing the survey, confidence in knowledge of health needs for TGD patients decreased significantly (48.9% were confident during the presurvey assessment v 36.2% in the postsurvey assessment; P < .001). Qualitative analysis of open-ended questions indicated overall support of TGD data inclusion in biobanks along with perceived barriers to inclusion of such data in biobanks. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this was the first study of researchers to assess knowledge, attitudes, and research practices regarding TGD patients. Overall, there was limited knowledge about TGD health and cancer needs and low rates of TGD demographic data collection but a high interest in receiving education regarding this community.