bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Random dispersal of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) in Pinus densiflora branches
Authors: Togashi Katsumi , Matsunaga Koji , Arakawa Yoh , Miyamoto Naoto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBursaphelenchus xylophilus is the causative agent of pine wilt disease. These nematodes disperse in the cortical and wood resin canals of host tree branches in the early stage of infection. To determine whether the dispersal can be regarded as diffusion, we inoculated B. xylophilus into living or boiled Pinus densiflora branch sections and investigated the spatial distribution 24 hr later. Assuming that some nematodes disperse randomly in the axial direction of branch sections and the rest remain at the inoculation site, the coefficient of diffusion (D) by dispersers was estimated to be 23.7–40.7 and 109.4 cm2/day for the living and boiled branches, respectively. The proportion of nondispersers was estimated to be 0.46–0.79 and 0.52 for the living and boiled branches, respectively. When the nematodes were inoculated at the centre of upright living branch sections, they dispersed up and down at similar D values of 7.4 and 7.9 cm2/day, respectively.
Institutional Collective Action During COVID‐19: Lessons in Local Economic Development
Authors: Wilson Darrin H. E. , Johnson Brad A. M. , Stokan Eric , Overton Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAt this point, little is known about local government responses to the economic crisis caused by COVID‐19. This crisis is happening on Main Streets around the nation. This article examines how some local governments are taking collective action in partnership with other governments as well as with organizations at the local and regional levels. What is unique is that collective action is rare as it relates to traditional economic development practices, yet it is occurring and leading to offerings of multi‐institutional grants and low‐interest loans. However, some newer supply‐ and demand‐side actions are the result of a lack of resources and need for expediency. Practitioners can learn about the collaborative economic development actions that governments are taking and how these partnerships can stabilize their local economies.
Disaster Resiliency of U.S. Local Governments: Insights to Strengthen Local Response and Recovery from the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Dzigbede Komla D. , Gehl Sarah Beth , Willoughby Katherine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis research presents implications of the global pandemic for local government resiliency in the United States. The authors explore insights from local government officials and managers on the front lines of response and recovery efforts to the biological natural disaster. Findings from the latest nationwide survey of U.S. local governments regarding their preparedness for weather‐related natural disasters also inform responses to the current crisis. Results indicate that local governments are innovating and taking strategic actions to fight the virus, even as COVID‐19 has exposed social inequities that are exacerbated as the virus spreads. Survey findings of disaster readiness of local governments to weather‐related disasters shows that small, resource‐poor governments will not be able to respond well and social inequities will grow. Policy strategies at all levels of government must recognize and account for these inequities as threat of this virus subsides, to support stronger, more effective readiness for the next biological catastrophe.
State Executive Orders: Nuance in Restrictions, Revealing Suspensions, and Decisions to Enforce
Authors: Curley Cali , Federman Peter Stanley 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the absence of a large‐scale federal response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, state and local elected officials have enacted executive orders that include restrictions on public liberties as well as the suspension of rules and regulations. While these restrictive policy actions have received extensive media attention, the suspensions, including regulatory rollbacks, waivers, and extensions, are lesser known. This Viewpoint essay offers insight from a working database that captures the nuance and variation across restrictions, suspensions, and enforcement mechanisms being utilized at the state level.
Crisis Decision‐Making on a Global Scale: Transition from Cognition to Collective Action under Threat of COVID‐19
Authors: Comfort Louise K. , Kapucu Naim , Ko Kilkon , Menoni Scira , Siciliano Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis essay examines basic functions of crisis decision‐making—cognition, communication, coordination, and control—in response to COVID‐19. This crisis decision‐making framework is applied to cases from South Korea, Italy, and the United States as public officials grapple with how to recognize, respond, and recover from this deadly, invisible threat. The authors acknowledge the harsh trade‐off between the compelling need to limit transmission of the virus to protect public health and the consequent economic losses of halting social interaction. They draw implications from this crisis for better decision‐making and investment in a global information infrastructure system to manage large‐scale, multidisciplinary threats to the health, economy, and sustainability of the world's community of nations. The essay concludes that collective cognition, amplified by timely, valid communication and supported by sound planning, trained personnel, appropriate technology, and bold leadership, enables coordinated action needed to bring a large‐scale global crisis under control.Evidence for Practice

Invest in information technology to manage systematic data collection, analysis, and modeling.
Provide timely, informed updates on community status to constituents.
Maintain a knowledge base of resources, vulnerabilities, and plans.
Acceptance of aquaculture as compared with traditional fishing in the province of Cadiz (Spain): an empirical study from the standpoint of social carrying capacity
Authors: Ruiz‐Chico Jose , Biedma‐Ferrer José Maria , Peña‐Sánchez Antonio Rafael , Jiménez‐García Mercedes 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper analyses the acceptance of aquaculture compared with fisheries in the province of Cadiz (Spain), in the context of social carrying capacity, the point at which its presence begins to be excessive and leads to significant problems for society. Researchers conducted 558 face‐to‐face surveys to study the societal acceptance of this sector in several dimensions (social, economy, quality, environment, etc.). We have also built an index to measure this acceptance, based on the variables studied to delve into this concept. For this purpose, we have followed a principal component analysis methodology with Varimax rotation, to which we have applied the Dalenius–Hodges stratification procedure. Analysis shows a high level of acceptance for aquaculture, indicating that it is far from its social saturation point. Rather, data indicate that even further development of this activity is advisable. In addition, respondents showed some indifference between socioeconomic and environmental objectives. We can conclude that the general perception of aquaculture is better among men than women, who have greater preferences for traditional fishing, and among higher‐income consumers. Informative campaigns should be organized to target the less convinced consumers, in the context of social carrying capacity. Production systems should be adjusted to improve the existing perception that aquaculture products are less natural; this perception arises from the misuse of chemicals and feeds, factors that are believed to have adverse effects on quality and flavour.
Mechanical induced wounds in fish – a review on models and healing mechanisms
Authors: Sveen Lene , Karlsen Christian , Ytteborg Elisabeth 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSkin wounds and injuries are frequently occurring in farmed fish, particularly in more intensive production systems. Any disruptions of the skin, such as mucus removal, scale loss or deeper incisions, are negatively correlated with barrier functions and disease resistance. In this review, the current knowledge on mechanically induced wounds in fish is dedicated to five areas of focus: (i) The anatomy and functions of fish skin, (ii) Techniques to inflict mechanical skin damage in farmed and laboratory fish for experimental purposes, (iii) Healing mechanisms of deep wounds, (iv) In vitro models for wound healing studies and (v) Wound care, with focus on factors that may enhance or delay skin regenerative processes. The aim of the review was to presents key points for a better understanding of skin resilience and fish robustness, with focus on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in Norwegian coastal production environment.
Antioxidant response element activator, BTZO‐1, improves the developmental competence of bovine oocytes
Authors: Aboelenain Mansour , El_domany Wael B. , Eldoumani Haitham , Khalil Wael A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIncreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation may disrupt the oocytes function and their competence. In this study, we introduced BTZO‐1, a new supplement that can regulate the oxidative stress. Addition of BTZO‐1 during IVM of bovine oocytes improved their developmental competence in the term of improvement of blastocyst rates. In addition, the quality of the produced embryos was improved by decreasing the apoptosis level by showing a decreased number of TUNNEL positive cells.
BMP‐15 activity on in vitro development of collared peccary (Pecari tajacu Linnaeus, 1758) preantral follicles
Authors: Gomes Henrique A. N. , Campos Lívia B. , Praxedes Érica C. G. , Oliveira Moacir F. , Pereira Alexsandra F. , Silva Alexandre R. , Saraiva Márcia V. A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of BMP‐15 on the in vitro development of preantral follicles of collared peccaries. Ovarian fragments were cultured for 1 or 6 days in Tissue Culture Medium 199 (TCM199+) supplemented with BMP‐15 at rates of 0, 1, 25 or 50 ng/ml. The fragments were analysed histologically by evaluating follicular morphology, activation and growth as well as the potential for proliferation of granulosa cells. Our results show the addition of 25 ng/ml BMP‐15 in the medium provided the greatest percentage of normal follicles (79.67% ± 0.69) when compared to other treatments (p < .05); however, this result is similar to 1 ng/ml BMP‐15 (74.00% ± 1.90, p > .05). Moreover, 25 and 50 ng/ml of BMP‐15 promoted follicular activation. BMP‐15 supplements did not affect oocyte and follicular growth. All concentrations of BMP‐15 increased the number of nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) after 1 day of culture when compared to fresh fragments or the control samples (p < .05). However, at the end of the experiment, the number of NORs in follicles cultured in all treatments was higher than that observed in the fresh control (sample taken prior to culturing) (p > .05). In summary, the addition of 25 ng/ml BMP‐15 to the culture medium of collared peccary preantral follicles maintained a high number of morphologically healthy follicles and stimulated the activation of primordial follicles after 6 days in culture.
Fulfilling the Information Need After an Earthquake: Statistical Modelling of Citizen Science Seismic Reports for Predicting Earthquake Parameters in Near Realtime
Authors: Finazzi Francesco 
Published: May 2020

SummaryWhen an earthquake affects an inhabited area, a need for information immediately arises among the population. In general, this need is not immediately fulfilled by official channels which usually release expert-validated information with delays of many minutes. Seismology is among the research fields where citizen science projects succeeded in collecting useful scientific information. More recently, the ubiquity of smartphones is giving the opportunity to involve even more citizens. This paper focuses on seismic intensity reports collected through smartphone applications while an earthquake is occurring. The aim is to provide a framework for predicting and updating in near realtime earthquake parameters that are useful for assessing the effect of the earthquake. This is done by using a multivariate space–time model based on time-varying coefficients and a spatial latent variable. As a case-study, the model is applied to more than 200000 seismic reports globally collected over a period of around 4 years by the Earthquake Network citizen science project. It is shown how the time-varying coefficients are needed to adapt the model to an information content that changes with time, and how the spatial latent variable can capture the local seismicity and the heterogeneity in the people's response across the globe.
Applying Neo‐Endogenous Development Theory to Delivering Sustainable Local Nature Conservation
Authors: Marango Susan , Bosworth Gary , Curry Nigel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe environmental planning agenda is shaped by a range of top‐down policies and directives, both nationally and internationally. Simultaneously, several local, often community‐led, initiatives seek to enhance their local environments. This article seeks to understand both synergies and dissonance between top‐down and bottom‐up actions within the environmental conservation and management domain of sustainable development. Four case studies of local voluntary initiatives in Lincolnshire (UK) are used as the basis to examine how the activities and stated goals of the groups align with wider policy goals and engage with formal planning systems. The analysis draws from the neo‐endogenous development theory to offer recommendations about how to recognise and empower local initiatives within a multi‐level governance approach to delivering sustainable development. Conclusions also suggest that the principles of neo‐endogenous development can be applied more widely to capture greater value from community‐led activities.
The Politics of White Racial Identity and Vote Choice in the 2018 Midterm Elections
Authors: Knuckey Jonathan , Kim Myunghee 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesThis article examines the role of white racial identity or white racial group consciousness in the vote choice of whites for the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2018 midterm elections.MethodsData from the 2018 American National Election Study (ANES) Pilot Study are analyzed using a logistic regression model.ResultsWhite racial consciousness was a significant predictor of U.S. House vote choice in 2018, even after controlling for other relevant explanatory variables such as racial resentment, party identification, and ideology. The effects were especially evident for two quintessential swing groups: independents and moderates.ConclusionIn the first national election of the Trump era, white racial group consciousness became a relevant electoral cleavage and determinant of white vote choice at the subpresidential level. Given the rhetoric and action of Trump as president, the Republican Party has morphed into a white identity political party, not dissimilar to populist right‐wing parties in Europe. While this might reap electoral benefits for the Republican Party in jurisdictions with smaller minority populations, it is likely to cost the party support where there is greater racial diversity. In the long term, the politics of white identity is likely to be an impediment to the Republican Party's ability to expand its electoral base.
Focused Topics in Hungarian: Reconsidering the Pragmatic Relevance of the Structural Focus Position1
Authors: Gécseg Zsuzsanna 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a specific syntactic construction of Hungarian is investigated in which the preverbal constituent filling the structural Focus position functions as the topic of the sentence on the pragmatic level. Focused topic constructions are commonly used in Hungarian, especially in copular sentences. The core motivation of their use is the following: the placement of the topic into Focus position gives rise to the implicature that the topic referent is the only referent the predicate of the sentence holds for. This complex topicalization strategy can be accounted for by means of an alternative‐based concept of focus in the spirit of Rooth (1992), É. Kiss (1998) and Krifka (2008): the focusing of the aboutness topic indicates the presence of potential alternatives, and the referent of the topical expression placed into the structural Focus position functions as an exhaustive topic.
Mining sequential activity–travel patterns for individual‐level human activity prediction using Bayesian networks
Authors: Xu Li , Kwan Mei‐Po 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the past decade or so, advances in positioning technologies for capturing individual movement have given rise to a wide range of studies, including transportation, tourism, and public health. In particular, considerable effort has been made to characterize human activity–travel patterns from space–time trajectories. In contrast to visualization, geometric, or statistical methods, we propose an approach based on sequential pattern mining for analyzing human activity–travel patterns. To quantify the differences between individuals and population subgroups, we first develop a single sequential similarity measure for assessing the differences between two activity–travel patterns, then extend it to the group level with the capability to compute on two pattern sets. We also develop and implement three Bayesian network models with specially designed topology to predict the forthcoming activity at the individual level. The proposed method achieves similar or better prediction accuracy and is more robust for exploring imbalanced or sparse datasets when compared to other machine learning algorithms.
A randomized, controlled trial comparing the immunogenecity and safety of a 23‐valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination to a repeated dose 13‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Eriksson Mari , Käyhty Helena , Saha Heikki , Lahdenkari Mika , Koskinen Petri , Mäkisalo Heikki , Anttila Veli‐Jukka 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of invasive pneumococcal disease is significant among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. The optimal pneumococcal vaccination strategy for SOT patients is not known.MethodsThe potential kidney transplant recipients in dialysis were randomized into two arms: to receive a 23‐valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) before transplantation or to receive a 13‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) before transplantation and a second dose of PCV13 six months after the transplantation. Serotype‐specific antibody concentrations and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) were measured before and after the first vaccination (visits V1,V2) and six and seven months after the transplantation, for example, before and after the second PCV13 (visits V3,V4).ResultsOut of 133 participants, 48 (PCV13 arm) and 46 (PPV23 arm) received a kidney transplant, and 37 + 37 in both arms completed the study. After the first vaccination, the geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) in the PCV13 arm were significantly higher for 9/13 serotypes and the OPA geometric mean titers (GMTs) were significantly higher for 4/13 serotypes. At V3, the antibody levels had declined but OPA remained significantly higher for 7/13 (PCV13) vs 4/13 (PPV23) serotypes. At V4, the GMCs for 9/13 serotypes and the GMTs for 12/13 serotypes were significantly higher in the PCV13 arm. The GMCs but not GMTs were lower than at V2. There was no difference in adverse effects. No vaccine‐related allograft rejection was detected.ConclusionsThe immunogenicity of PCV13 was better in dialysis patients, and revaccination with PCV13 was immunogenic and safe.
Current advances in transfusion medicine: a 2019 review of selected topics from the AABB Clinical Transfusion Medicine Committee
Authors: Pagano Monica B. , Allen Elizabeth S. , Chou Stella T. , Dunbar Nancy M. , Gniadek Thomas , Goel Ruchika , Harm Sarah K. , Hopkins Courtney K. , Jacobson Jessica , Lokhandwala Parvez M. , Metcalf Ryan A. , Raval Jay S. , Schwartz Joseph , Shan Hua , Spinella Philip C. , Storch Emily , Cohn Claudia S. 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUNDThe AABB Clinical Transfusion Medicine Committee (CTMC) compiles an annual synopsis of the published literature covering important developments in the field of transfusion medicine (TM) for the board of director's review. This synopsis is now made available as a manuscript published in TRANSFUSION.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSCTMC committee members review original manuscripts including TM‐related topics published in different journals between late 2018 and 2019. The selection of topics and manuscripts are discussed at committee meetings and are chosen based on relevance and originality. After the topics and manuscripts are selected, committee members work in pairs to create a synopsis of the topics, which is then reviewed by two committee members. The first and senior authors of this manuscript assembled the final manuscript. Although this synopsis is comprehensive, it is not exhaustive, and some papers may have been excluded or missed.RESULTSThe following topics are included: infectious risks to the blood supply, iron donor studies, pre‐transfusion testing interference and genotyping, cold agglutinin disease (CAD), HLA alloimmunization in platelet transfusions, patient blood management, updates to TACO and TRALI definitions, pediatric TM, and advances in apheresis medicine.CONCLUSIONThis synopsis provides easy access to relevant topics and may be useful as an educational tool.
The contribution of granular and fundamental comparative advantage to European Union countries' export specialisation
Authors: de Lucio Juan , Mínguez Raúl , Minondo Asier , Requena Francisco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper analyses the contribution of fundamental comparative advantage (a country‐specific component) and granular comparative advantage (a firm‐specific component) to European Union countries' export specialisation. We find that, on average, granular comparative advantage may explain export specialisation in 29% of industries, which account for 47% of total exports. We also show that 60% of the variation in export specialisation across countries and industries may be explained by granular comparative advantage. These results highlight that some outstanding firms may play a very important role in explaining European Union countries' export specialisation.