bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of copper and zinc sources and inclusion levels of copper on weanling pig performance and intestinal microbiota
Authors: Villagómez-Estrada Sandra , Pérez José F , Darwich Laila , Vidal Anna , van Kuijk Sandra , Melo-Durán Diego , Solà-Oriol David 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
A 42-d experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Cu and Zn source and Cu level on pig performance, mineral status, bacterial modulation, and the presence of antimicrobial-resistant genes in isolates of Enterococcus spp. At weaning, 528 pigs (5.9 ± 0.50 kg) were allotted to 48 pens of a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two Cu and Zn sources (SF: sulfate and HCl: hydroxychloride) and two Cu levels (15 and 160 mg/kg). As a challenge, the pigs were reared in dirty pens used by a previous commercial batch. Two-phase diets were offered: the pre-starter (PS) phase from day 1 to 14 and the starter phase (ST) from day 14 to 42. At days 14 and 42, pigs were individually weighed and blood samples from one pig per pen were taken. At the end of the experiment, one pig per pen was euthanized to collect the samples. Feeding high levels of Cu increased body weight (BW) from 16.6 to 17.7 kg (P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, average daily gain, gain to feed (G:F) ratio, average daily feed intake (ADFI), and mineral status were enhanced with Cu at 160 mg/kg (P &lt; 0.05) compared with Cu at 15 mg/kg. There was no effect of the interaction between source × level on any of the growth performance responses except for ADFI (P = 0.004) and G:F (P = 0.029) at the end of the ST period and for G:F (P = 0.006) for entire nursery period (day 0 to 42). At the end of the ST period, pigs fed Cu at 160 mg/kg as HCl had not only higher ADFI but also lower G:F than those fed Cu as SF at 160 mg/kg. Meanwhile, for the entire nursery period, G:F did not differ between pigs fed Cu at 160 mg/kg as HCl or SF. In colonic digesta, the relative abundance of Streptococcus, Enterobacter, Escherichia, among others, decreased (P-adjust &lt; 0.05), while Lachnospira and Roseburia tended (P-adjust &lt; 0.10) to increase in pigs fed Cu at 160 mg/kg as HCl compared with those fed Cu SF at 160 mg/kg. An increase (P-adjust &lt; 0.05) in Methanosphaera and Roseburia was observed in pigs fed Cu at 160 mg/kg. From colon digesta, Enterococcus spp. was isolated in 40 samples, being E. faecalis the most dominating (65%) regardless of the experimental diet. Genes of ermB (7.5%) and tetM (5%) were identified. No genes for Cu (tcrB) or vancomycin (vanA, vanB, vanC1, and vanC2) were detected. In conclusion, European Union permissible levels of Cu (160 mg/kg), of both sources, were able to increase performance, mineral status, and bacterial modulation compared with nutritional level. Different effects on growth performance, mineral tissue content, and microbial modulation were observed between Cu and Zn sources.
A new species and three subspecies of the desert shrew (Notiosorex) from the Baja California peninsula and California
Authors: Camargo Issac , Álvarez-Castañeda Sergio Ticul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDesert shrews of the genus Notiosorex comprise four species with morphological characteristics that are difficult to distinguish among the species. Indeed, N. cockrumi was described using only genetic markers. Based on molecular divergence documented in N. crawfordi, we hypothesize that a fifth species is present in the Baja California peninsula. Genetic variation at the species level was analyzed using individuals from locations west of the Colorado River in the Baja California peninsula, Mexico, and California, United States. Molecular markers of mitochondrial origin (cytochrome b, 1,140 bp; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 542 bp; and cytochrome c oxidase subunit III, 672 bp), as well as the nuclear intron 7 of the beta fibrinogen gene (385 bp) were used to construct a phylogeny for species of the genus Notiosorex. Genetic distances of 12.46–15.58% between west and east of the Colorado River were obtained using p-distance models. Our phylogenetic analyses showed almost identical topologies, placing populations from west of the Colorado River in three monophyletic clades with high bootstrap support values. Results of molecular phylogenetic identity among shrews of the genus Notiosorex support the existence of an undescribed, polytypic species of Notiosorex west of the Colorado River.
On the peculiar torque reversals and the X-ray luminosity history of the accretion-powered X-ray pulsar 4U 1626–67
Authors: Benli O 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The X-ray luminosity (Lx) and the rotational properties of 4U 1626–67 have been measured at regular intervals during the last four decades. It has been recorded that the source underwent torque reversals twice. We have tried to understand whether these eccentrical sign-switches of the spin period derivative ($\dot{P}$) of 4U 1626–67 could be accounted for with the existing torque models. We have found that the observed source properties are better estimated with the distances close to the lower limit of the previously predicted distance range (5−13 kpc). Furthermore, assuming an inclined rotator, we have considered the partial accretion/ejection from the inner disc radius that leads to different Lx–$\dot{P}$ profiles than the aligned rotator cases. We have concluded that the oblique rotator assumption with the inclination angle χ ∼ (10°−30°) brings at least equally best fitting to the observed Lx and $\dot{P}$ of 4U 1626–67. More importantly, the estimated change of the mass accretion rate, which causes the change in observed Lx of 4U 1626–67 is much less than that is found in an aligned rotator case. In other words, without the need for a substantial modification of mass accretion rate from the companion star, the range of the observed Lx could be explained naturally with an inclined magnetic axis and rotation axis of the neutron star.
The HIV Outpatient Study—25 Years of HIV Patient Care and Epidemiologic Research
Authors: Buchacz Kate , Armon Carl , Palella Frank J , Novak Richard M , Fuhrer Jack , Tedaldi Ellen , Ward Douglas , Mayer Cynthia , Battalora Linda , Carlson Kimberly , Purinton Stacey , Durham Marcus , Li Jun ,   for the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) Investigators, Li Jun , Buchacz Kate , Durham Marcus D , Akridge Cheryl , Purinton Stacey , Rayeed Nabil , Agbobil-Nuwoaty Selom , Chagaris Kalliope , Carlson Kimberly , Armon Carl , Battalora Linda , Mahnken Jonathan , Corporation Cerner , City Kansas , Palella Frank J , Jahangir Saira , Flaherty Conor Daniel , Bustamante Patricia , Hammer John , Greenberg Kenneth S , Widick Barbara , Franklin Rosa , Ward Douglas J , Thomas Troy , Stewart Cheryl , Fuhrer Jack , Ording-Bauer Linda , Kelly Rita , Esteves Jane , Brook Stony , Tedaldi Ellen M , Christian Ramona A , Ruley Faye , Beadle Dania , Davenport Princess , Novak Richard M , Wendrow Andrea , Mayer Stockton , Scott Mia , Thomas Billie , VanSlyke Loraine , Mayer Cynthia , Beitler Terry , Maroney Karen , Franklin Denise 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
The clinical epidemiology of treated HIV infection in the United States has dramatically changed in the past 25 years. Few sources of longitudinal data exist for people with HIV (PWH) spanning that period. Cohort data enable investigating new exposure and disease associations and monitoring progress along the HIV care continuum.

Methods
We synthesized key published findings and conducted primary data analyses in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS), an open cohort of PWH seen at public and private HIV clinics since 1993. We assessed temporal trends in health outcomes (1993–2017) and mortality (1994–2017) for 10 566 HOPS participants.

Results
The HOPS contributed to characterizing new conditions (eg, lipodystrophy), demonstrated reduced mortality with earlier HIV treatment, uncovered associations between select antiretroviral agents and cardiovascular disease, and documented remarkable shifts in morbidity from AIDS opportunistic infections to chronic noncommunicable diseases. The median CD4 cell count of participants increased from 244 cells/mm3 to 640 cells/mm3 from 1993 to 2017. Mortality fell from 121 to 16 per 1000 person-years from 1994 to 2017 (P &lt; .001). In 2010, 83.7% of HOPS participants had a most recent HIV viral load &lt;200 copies/mL, compared with 92.2% in 2017.

Conclusions
Since 1993, the HOPS has been detecting emerging issues and challenges in HIV disease management. HOPS data can also be used for monitoring trends in infectious and chronic diseases, immunologic and viral suppression status, retention in care, and survival, thereby informing progress toward the Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative.
Investigation of Heartland Virus Disease Throughout the United States, 2013–2017
Authors: Staples J Erin , Pastula Daniel M , Panella Amanda J , Rabe Ingrid B , Kosoy Olga I , Walker William L , Velez Jason O , Lambert Amy J , Fischer Marc 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Heartland virus (HRTV) was first described as a human pathogen in 2012. From 2013 to 2017, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) implemented a national protocol to evaluate patients for HRTV disease, better define its geographic distribution, epidemiology, and clinical characteristics, and develop diagnostic assays for this novel virus.

Methods
Individuals aged ≥12 years whose clinicians contacted state health departments or the CDC about testing for HRTV infections were screened for recent onset of fever with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. A questionnaire was administered to collect data on demographics, risk factors, and signs and symptoms; blood samples were tested for the presence of HRTV RNA and neutralizing antibodies.

Results
Of 85 individuals enrolled and tested, 16 (19%) had evidence of acute HRTV infection, 1 (1%) had past infection, and 68 (80%) had no infection. Patients with acute HRTV disease were residents of 7 states, 12 (75%) were male, and the median age (range) was 71 (43–80) years. Illness onset occurred from April to September. The majority reported fatigue, anorexia, nausea, headache, confusion, arthralgia, or myalgia. Fourteen (88%) cases were hospitalized; 2 (13%) died. Fourteen (88%) participants reported finding a tick on themselves in the 2 weeks before illness onset. HRTV-infected individuals were significantly older (P &lt; .001) and more likely to report an attached tick (P = .03) than uninfected individuals.

Conclusions
Health care providers should consider HRTV disease testing in patients with an acute febrile illness with either leukopenia or thrombocytopenia not explained by another condition or who were suspected to have a tickborne disease but did not improve following appropriate treatment.
Rates and Predictors of Relapse in First-Episode Psychosis: An Australian Cohort Study
Authors: Brown Ellie , Bedi Gillinder , McGorry Pat , O’Donoghue Brian 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Clinical and functional recovery is usually achieved after treatment for a first episode of psychosis (FEP). Unfortunately, subsequent relapse remains common, occurring within a year for approximately 30% of individuals and up to 80% over 5 years. Factors that make relapse more likely in any given individual remain poorly understood.

Methods
This article presents a naturalistic cohort study of young people (15–24 years old) accessing an early intervention in psychosis service in Melbourne, Australia between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2016. Demographic and clinical predictors of relapse were collected and analyzed using Cox regression analysis.

Results
A total of 1220 young people presented with an FEP during the study period; 37.7% (N = 460) experienced at least 1 relapse during their episode of care. Over half of all relapses resulted in an admission to hospital. Non-adherence to medication, substance use, and psychosocial stressors were commonly noted as clinical precipitants of relapse. Significant predictors of relapse (vs no relapse) were a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorder (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.62) or affective psychotic disorder (aHR = 1.37), lifetime amphetamine use (aHR = 1.48), and any substance use during treatment (aHR = 1.63).

Conclusion
These findings suggest that relapse occurs frequently for young people who have experienced FEP. This is one of the first studies to report that amphetamine use (predominantly illicit methamphetamine) increases the risk of relapse. Clinical services, especially in Australasia, need to consider how best to manage this comorbidity in young people with FEP.
Tradeoff between storage capacity and embolism resistance in the xylem of temperate broadleaf tree species
Authors: Chen Zhicheng , Zhu Shidan , Zhang Yongtao , Luan Junwei , Li Shan , Sun Pengsen , Wan Xianchong , Liu Shirong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractXylem traits are critical plant functional traits associated with water transport, mechanical support, and carbohydrate and water storage. Studies on the xylem hydraulic efficiency–safety tradeoff are numerous; however, the storage function of xylem parenchyma is rarely considered. The effects of a substantial number of xylem traits on water transport, embolism resistance, mechanical support, storage capacity and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) content were investigated in 19 temperate broadleaf species planted in an arid limestone habitat in northern China. There was no xylem hydraulic efficiency–safety tradeoff in the 19 broadleaf species. The total parenchyma fraction was negatively correlated with the fiber fraction. Embolism resistance was positively correlated with indicators of xylem mechanical strength such as vessel wall reinforcement, vessel wall thickness and fiber wall thickness, and was negatively related to the axial parenchyma fraction, especially the paratracheal parenchyma fraction. The paratracheal parenchyma fraction was positively correlated with the ratio of the paratracheal parenchyma fraction to the vessel fraction. In addition, the xylem NSC concentration was positively related to the total parenchyma fraction and axial parenchyma fraction. There was a storage capacity–embolism resistance tradeoff in the xylem of 19 broadleaf species in arid limestone habitats. We speculate that the temperate broadleaf species may show a spectrum of xylem hydraulic strategies, from the embolism resistance strategy related to a more negative P50 (the water potential corresponding to 50% loss of xylem conductivity) to the embolization repair strategy based on more paratracheal parenchyma.
Patient Preferences for Prenatal and Postpartum Care Delivery
Authors: Peahl Alex Friedman , Novara Alli , Heisler Michele , Dalton Vanessa K. , Moniz Michelle H. , Smith Roger D. 
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE:
To describe patients' preferences for prenatal and postpartum care delivery.

METHODS:
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of postpartum patients admitted for childbirth and recovery at an academic institution. We assessed patient preferences for prenatal and postpartum care delivery, including visit number, between-visit contact (eg, phone and electronic medical record portal communication), acceptability of remote monitoring (eg, weight, blood pressure, fetal heart tones), and alternative care models (eg, telemedicine and home visits). We compared preferences for prenatal care visit number to current American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' recommendations (12–14 prenatal visits).

RESULTS:
Of the 332 women eligible for the study, 300 (90%) completed the survey. Women desired a median number of 10 prenatal visits (interquartile range 9–12), with most desiring fewer visits than currently recommended (fewer than 12: 63% [n=189]; 12–14: 22% [n=65]; more than 14: 15% [n=46]). Women who had private insurance or were white were more likely to prefer fewer prenatal visits. The majority of patients desired contact with their care team between visits (84%). Most patients reported comfort with home monitoring skills, including measuring weight (91%), blood pressure (82%), and fetal heart tones (68%). Patients reported that they would be most likely to use individual care models (94%), followed by pregnancy medical homes (72%) and home visits (69%). The majority of patients desired at least two postpartum visits (91%), with the first visit within 3 weeks after discharge (81%).

CONCLUSION:
Current prenatal and postpartum care delivery does not match patients' preferences for visit number or between-visit contact, and patients are open to alternative models of prenatal care, including remote monitoring. Future prenatal care redesign will need to consider diverse patients' preferences and flexible models of care that are tailored to work with patients in the context of their lives and communities.
Active maximum flexion after total knee arthroplasty is not related to posterior tibial slope, body mass index, or patient satisfaction: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sciberras Nadia C. , Deakin Angela H. , Picard Frederic 
Published: April 2020

Background:
Postoperative active maximum flexion is a major contributor to effective knee function after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The lack of posterior tibial slope and a high body mass index (BMI) have been identified among the causative factors of reduced maximum flexion. This study investigated the correlation between these factors and maximum flexion achieved.

Methods:
All patients included in this retrospective study had a primary navigated TKA using Columbus® CR-knee implants (Aesculap, Tuttligen, Germany) and the Orthopilot® (Aesculap, Tuttligen, Germany) navigation system. At the 6-week review patients underwent a CT. At 1 yr, active flexion was measured by independent arthroplasty practitioners, and patient satisfaction was recorded. All CT measurements were taken by an independent radiologist. Posterior slope was indicated by a positive value.

Results:
One hundred and eighty-six knees were included. The mean patient age was 68 yr and mean BMI was 31.0. The mean maximum active flexion at 1 yr was 103 degrees (SD 9 degrees, range, 83 to 130 degrees). The mean posterior tibial slope (bony cut) was 2 degrees (SD 2 degrees, range −2 to 5 degrees). There was no correlation between posterior tibial slope and maximum flexion, r=0.086 (95% CI −0.058 to 0.227, P=0.245) between flexion and BMI, r=−0.112 (95% CI −0.251 to 0.032, P=0.129). There was a weak correlation between posterior slope and extension achieved, r=0.198 (95% CI 0.056 to 0.332, P=0.007), but this had little clinical predictive value. There was no link between either maximum flexion or patient satisfaction.

Conclusions:
In this study, no relationship between posterior tibial slope or BMI and the degree of achieved active maximum flexion was found. Consequently, other factors should be considered when attempting to increase the maximum flexion achieved.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Corneal Haze After Transepithelial Collagen Cross-linking for Keratoconus: A Scheimpflug Densitometry Analysis
Authors: J.Lai Michael , Greenstein Steven A. , Gelles John D. , Hersh Peter S. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose:
To quantitate corneal haze and analyze the postoperative time course of corneal haze after transepithelial corneal collagen cross-linking (TECXL) in patients with keratoconus.

Methods:
Patients underwent TECXL and were randomized into 2 groups. One group received intraoperative riboflavin 0.10% every minute, and the second group received riboflavin 0.10% every 2 minutes during ultraviolet exposure. Scheimpflug densitometry was measured preoperatively, and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months to assess the postoperative time course. Densitometry measurements were also correlated with visual acuity, pachymetry, and topography outcomes.

Results:
Fifty-nine eyes of 43 patients with keratoconus were analyzed. Preoperative mean corneal densitometry was 20.45 ± 2.79. Mean densitometry increased at 1 month (22.58 ± 3.79; P < 0.001), did not significantly change between 1 and 3 months (22.64 ± 3.83; P = 0.8), and significantly improved between 3 and 12 months postoperatively (mean6 21.59 ± 3.39; P = 0.002, mean12 20.80 ± 3.27; P = 0.002). There was no difference between preoperative and 1-year densitometry measurements (P = 0.21). There was no significant difference between the 1-minute and 2-minute subgroups. In addition, corneal densitometry at either 3 months or 1 year did not correlate with uncorrected distance visual acuity (P = 0.4), corrected distance visual acuity (P = 0.1), or maximum keratometry (P = 0.5), 1 year after corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL).

Conclusions:
After TECXL, corneal haze increased slightly at 1 month, plateaued between 1 and 3 months, and returned to baseline between 3 and 12 months. In general, corneal haze in this study was substantially less than the haze previously reported for the standard cross-linking procedure. CXL-associated corneal haze did not correlate with the postoperative visual or topographic outcomes 1 year after CXL.
Comparative Effectiveness of Pylorus-Preserving Versus Standard Pancreaticoduodenectomy in Clinical Practice
Authors: Calderon Esteban , Day Ryan W. , Stucky Chee-Chee , Gray Richard J. , Pockaj Barbara A. , Chang Yu-Hui , Wasif Nabil 
Published: April 2020

Objectives
We compared risk-adjusted short- and long-term outcomes between standard pancreaticoduodenectomy (SPD) and a pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD).

Methods
The National Cancer Database was queried for the years 2004 to 2014 to identify patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head undergoing SPD and PPD. Margin status, lymph node yield, length of stay (LOS), 30- and 90-day mortality, and overall survival were compared.

Results
A total of 11,172 patients were identified, of whom 9332 (83.5%) underwent SPD and 1840 (16.5%) PPPD. There was no difference in patient age, sex, stage, tumor grade, radiation treatment, and chemotherapy treatment between the 2 groups. Total number of regional lymph nodes was examined, and surgical margin status and overall survival were also comparable. However, patients undergoing PPPD had a shorter LOS (11.3 vs 12.3 days, P < 0.001), lower 30-day mortality (2.5% vs 3.7%, P = 0.02), and 90-day mortality (5.5% vs 6.9%, P = 0.03). On multivariate analyses, patients undergoing SPD were at higher risk for 30-day mortality compared with PPPD (odds ratio, 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–2.13).

Conclusions
Standard pancreaticoduodenectomy and PPPD are oncologically equivalent, yet PPPD is associated with a reduction in postoperative mortality and shorter LOS.