bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A brittleness evaluation method of rock constitutive relationship with Weibull distribution based on double‐body system theory
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Zhizhang , Ruan Baotao , Li Zhongcheng , Zhao Wanchun , Ranjith Pathegama Gamage , Wang Tingting 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBrittleness of rocks plays an important role in the evaluation of unconventional oil and gas reservoir network fracturing and many rock engineering application fields. However, there is still no commonly accepted definition of the concept of brittleness. In this study, the brittleness differences between rocks are understood as the differences of internal microunit strength cracking characteristics under an external load. Because rock ruptures are regarded as a fracturing problem of a double body system, the region where no cracking occurs during the uniaxial compression loading process is regarded as a body I system with elastic deformation characteristics; the region that breaks first and induces the integral fracture of the rock is regarded as a body II system in which the structural strength of the microunit follows the deformation characteristic of the Weibull distribution. An energy quasi‐static equilibrium equation for rock fractures of a double body system under an external load was established. A new index for evaluating brittleness was established based on the energy mutation process of the quasi‐static equilibrium equation of double body system. Sandstone, red sandstone, mudstone, sandy mudstone, shale, limestone, and granite were selected as the research objects, while the correlation curve between the new brittleness index, the Weibull distribution characteristic parameters, and the mutation break point was calculated. The brittleness index studied in this paper reveals the evolution process of integral fractures induced by the internal fractures of rocks, which is important for further understanding the essence of brittleness. These results can provide a new method for further studying the formation process of local fracture networks.
Berry chemoprevention: Do berries decrease the window of opportunity for tumorigenesis
Authors: May Stephanie , Parry Connor , Parry Lee 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn addition to smoking and UV exposure, lifestyle factors, such as diet, nutrition, and physical activity, have been shown to play a significant role for many cancers. It is estimated that up to 50% of some cancer types are preventable; many through lifestyle and dietary changes with the presence or absence of certain dietary components strongly associated with an increased or decreased risk. Here we summarize the work that has been performed with polyphenols, with a focus on those derived from black raspberries. These have been extensively studied for the prevention and treatment of a variety of conditions and diseases. Here we focus on their use for the prevention or treatment of specific cancer types and the impact they have on biological systems. The aim is to highlight the need to improve our understanding of how the environment impacts upon the normal biological processes that affect health and disease, thereby, enabling us to implement smarter prevention and treatment measures.
Malting quality of seven genotypes of barley grown in Nepal
Authors: Ojha Pravin , Gautam Nagina , Subedi Ujjwol , Dhami Narayan B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere has been very limited work on the malting quality of barley grown in Nepal. This work used completely randomized experiment for seven barley genotypes, namely Xveola‐45, Coll#112‐114/Muktinath, Xveola‐38, Solu uwa, NB‐1003/37‐1038, NB‐1003/37‐1034, and Bonus, collected from Hill Crop Research Program (Dolakha, Nepal) to study the effect of genotypes on the chemical composition and functional properties of barley and malt. Barley was steeped for 24 hr followed by 72 hr germination in room temperature (25 ± 3°C). Germinated barley was dried (45°C/6 hr, 50°C/4 hr, 55°C/8 hr, 70°C/1 hr, 80°C/3 hr) in a cabinet drier. Multistage dried barley was then ground to pass through a 250 µm screen. Among the chemical composition, protein and reducing sugar were affected by genotype (p < .05) in barley except for β‐glucan. Functional properties, particularly bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, and viscosity, were affected by genotype (p < .05) in barley, whereas except for density, all the parameters were different (p < .05) for malt. The highest diastatic power among all genotypes was recorded for solu uwa (329.25 ºDP) followed by Muktinath (271.15 ºDP). There was no significant change (p < .05) in a protein of all genotypes after malting, whereas β‐glucan and viscosity significantly decreased (p < .05) for all genotypes after malting. The remaining parameters for all genotypes were not affected (p < .05) by malting. Solu uwa had higher enzymatic activity, whereas Xveola‐38 and Muktinath were found to be better for complimentary food preparation.
Revisiting the temporal artery posterior auricular skin flap with an anatomical basis stepwise pedicle dissection for use in targeted facial subunit reconstruction
Authors: Ganry Laurent , Ettinger Kyle S. , Rougier Guillaume , Qassemyar Quentin , Fernandes Rui P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study demonstrates the anatomy of the pedicled temporal artery posterior auricular skin (TAPAS) flap, its variable arc of rotation based on stepwise dissection, and case reports demonstrating clinical use. This flap provides excellent color match and ultrathin tissue for targeted reconstruction of small‐ to medium‐sized facial subunit defects.MethodsTwenty‐six cadaver dissections were performed. The authors measured the reach and rotation limits of the flap in a pedicled fashion depending on a stepwise approach for vascular pedicle dissection. Two clinical cases demonstrating maximum arc of rotation are seen.ResultsThe pedicled TAPAS flap maximal rotation limits allow for reconstruction of facial subunits encompassing nearly the entire ipsilateral face. No venous congestion, wound complications, or partial/total flap loss were encountered with extreme clinical applications.ConclusionThe pedicled TAPAS flap has extensive versatility for reconstruction of a variety of facial subunit defects. The flap also has, in theory, multiple applications for intraoral reconstruction.
Predicting evaporation from mountain streams
Authors: Szeitz Andras Janos , Moore Robert Daniel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEvaporation can be an important control on stream temperature, particularly in summer when it acts to limit daily maximum stream temperature. Evaporation from streams is usually modelled with the use of a wind function that includes empirically derived coefficients. A small number of studies derived wind functions for individual streams; the fitted parameters varied substantially among sites. In this study, stream evaporation and above‐stream meteorological conditions (at 0.5 and 1.5 m above the water surface) were measured at nine mountain streams in southwestern British Columbia, Canada, covering a range of stream widths, temperatures, and riparian vegetation. Evaporation was measured on 20 site‐days in total, at approximately hourly intervals, using nine floating evaporation pans distributed across the channels. The wind function was fit using mixed‐effects models to account for among‐stream variability in the parameters. The fixed‐effects parameters were tested using leave‐one‐site‐out cross‐validation. The model based on 0.5 m measurements provided improved model performance compared to that based on 1.5 m values, with RMSE of 0.0162 and 0.0187 mm h−1, respectively, relative to a mean evaporation rate of 0.06 mm h−1. Inclusion of atmospheric stability and canopy openness as predictors improved model performance when using the 1.5 m meteorological measurements, with minimal improvement when based on 0.5 m measurements. Of the wind functions reported in the literature, two performed reasonably while five others exhibited substantial bias.
An Agent‐Based model for Limit Order Book: Estimation and simulation
Authors: Zare Mohammad , Naghshineh Arjmand Omid , Salavati Erfan , Mohammadpour Adel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, we introduce an agent‐based model for a Limit Order Book (LOB) market with a price limit and simulate and estimate its parameters. In this framework, we have reached a linear relation between the percentage of the sellers in the market and the changes in the logarithm of the price. Moreover, we demonstrate that in this model if the supply and demand are equal and naturally if the demand is more than the supply, on the average, logarithm of the price strictly increases and this occurs while in the model argued, the inflation is assumed to be zero, no real factor exists in order to increase the value of stocks and no factor‐like rumors enters. This conclusion implies that merely the normal activities of the dealers to gain profit causes a false increase in the stock price. This fact, as being demonstrated in the simulation, has also been proved analytically. We call this phenomenon “the intrinsic bubble”. Finally, we show that if the rules of the market change in the way that the daily price of the stock is calculated by the median of the prices traded, instead of their mean, this intrinsic bubble will more or less disappear.
lncRNA ZEB2‐AS1: A promising biomarker in human cancers
Authors: Mahboobeh Zarei , Pegah Mousavi , Fatemeh Sadri , Elham Karimi , Hanieh Azari , Milad Rafat , Mohammad Shekari 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLong non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are one of the ncRNAs that transcript with length more than 200 nt that are not translated into protein. Studies have shown that lncRNAs have regulatory function in human disease especially cancers. lncRNA dysfunction causes altered cellular behavior including proliferation, invasion, and migration, and also it can inhibit apoptosis. Long non‐coding zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 2 antisense RNA1 (lnZEB2‐AS1) is one of the lncRNAs that plays the oncogenic role in different cancers. Dysregulation of lncZEB2‐AS1 can lead to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. lncZEB2‐AS1 may be introduced as a diagnostic marker or therapeutic target for human cancers. In this review, we describe briefly the mechanism of ZEB2‐AS1 in cells and its function in cancer progression.
miR‐143 acts as an inhibitor of migration and proliferation as well as an inducer of apoptosis in melanoma cancer cells in vitro
Authors: Nabipoorashrafi Seyed Ali , Shomali Navid , Sadat‐Hatamnezhad Leila , Mahami‐Oskouei Mahmoud , Mahmoudi Javad , Sandoghchian Shotorbani Babak , Akbari Morteza , Xu Huaxi , Sandoghchian Shotorbani Siamak 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMelanoma is a serious form of skin cancers begins in the melanocyte. Micro‐RNAs are small noncoding RNA with 19 to 25 nucleotides in length involves in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes. MicroRNAs are affected by an aberrant epigenetic alteration in the tumors that may lead to their dysregulation and formation of cancer. Recently, dysregulation of numerous microRNAs has been reported in different types of cancer. The present study focused on the role of miR‐143 in carcinogenesis of melanoma cancer. Here, we evaluated the expression level of miR‐143 in three melanoma cell lines in comparison with the normal human epidermal melanocyte cell line. Then, miR‐143 gene plasmid transfected into the WM115 cell line, for having the lowest expression of miR‐143. In addition, the effect of miR‐143 transfection on mRNA and protein levels of metastasis‐related genes was performed along with MTT assay, wound healing assay, and flow cytometry. The results showed that mRNA and protein expression levels of metastasis‐related genes including MMP‐9, E‐cadherin, Vimentin, and CXCR4 have been reduced following transfection of miR‐143. Moreover, the results of the scratch test showed that miR‐143 re‐expression inhibited cell migration. Also, the role of miR‐143 in the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation by flow cytometry and MTT was confirmed. As a result, the present study showed that miR‐143 was involved in metastatic and apoptotic pathways, suggesting that miR‐143 acts as a tumor‐suppressor microRNA in melanoma cancer.
A pilot study for early detection of oral premalignant diseases using oral cytology and Raman micro‐spectroscopy: Assessment of confounding factors
Authors: Behl Isha , Calado Genecy , Malkin Alison , Flint Stephen , Galvin Sheila , Healy Claire M. , Pimentel Marina Leite , Byrne Hugh J. , Lyng Fiona M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study demonstrates the efficacy of Raman micro‐spectroscopy of oral cytological samples for differentiating dysplastic, potentially malignant lesions from those of normal, healthy donors. Cells were collected using brush biopsy from healthy donors (n = 20) and patients attending a Dysplasia Clinic (n = 20). Donors were sampled at four different sites (buccal mucosa, tongue, alveolus, gingiva), to ensure matched normal sites for all lesions, while patient samples were taken from clinically evident, histologically verified dysplastic lesions. Spectra were acquired from the nucleus and cytoplasm of individual cells of all samples and subjected to partial least squares‐discriminant analysis. Discriminative sensitivities of 94% and 86% and specificity of 85% were achieved for the cytoplasm and nucleus, respectively, largely based on lipidic contributions of dysplastic cells. Alveolar/gingival samples were differentiated from tongue/buccal samples, indicating that anatomical site is potentially a confounding factor, while age, gender, smoking and alcohol consumption were confirmed not to be.
High‐performance transformation of protein structure representation from internal to Cartesian coordinates
Authors: Bayati Mahsa , Leeser Miriam , Bardhan Jaydeep P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe present a highly parallel algorithm to convert internal coordinates of a polymeric molecule into Cartesian coordinates. Traditionally, converting the structures of polymers (e.g., proteins) from internal to Cartesian coordinates has been performed serially, due to an inherent linear dependency along the polymer chain. We show this dependency can be removed using a tree‐based concatenation of coordinate transforms between segments, and then parallelized efficiently on graphics processing units (GPUs). The conversion algorithm is applicable to protein engineering and fitting protein structures to experimental data, and we observe an order of magnitude speedup using parallel processing on a GPU compared to serial execution on a CPU.
Combination treatment of Src inhibitor Saracatinib with GMI, a Ganoderma microsporum immunomodulatory protein, induce synthetic lethality via autophagy and apoptosis in lung cancer cells
Authors: Chiu Ling‐Yen , Hsin I‐Lun , Tsai Jen‐Ning , Chen Chih‐Jung , Ou Chu‐Chyn , Wu Wen‐Jun , Sheu Gwo‐Tarng , Ko Jiunn‐Liang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSaracatinib is an oral Src‐kinase inhibitor and has been studied in preclinical models and clinical trials of cancer therapy. GMI, a fungal immunomodulatory protein from Ganoderma microsporum, possesses antitumor capacity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of combination treatment with saracatinib and GMI on parental and pemetrexed‐resistant lung cancer cells. Cotreatment with saracatinib and GMI induced synergistic and additive cytotoxic effect in A549 and A400 cells by annexin V/propidium iodide assay and combination index. Using western blot assay, saracatinib, and GMI combined treatment synergistically induced caspase‐7 activation in A549 cells. Different from A549 cells, saracatinib and GMI cotreatment markedly increased LC3B‐II in A400 cells. ATG5 silencing abolished the caspase‐7 activation and reduced cell death in A549 cells after cotreatment. This is the first study to provide a novel strategy of treating lung cancer with or without drug resistance via combination treatment with GMI and saracatinib.
Incorporation of the Tat cell‐penetrating peptide into nanofibers improves the respective antitumor immune response
Authors: Mohammadi Mohsen , Dehghani Parva , Mohseninia Atefeh , Roozbehani Mona , Hemphill Andrew , Hesamizadeh Khashayar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA major challenge for the development of anticancer vaccines is the induction of a safe and effective immune response, particularly mediated by CD8+ T lymphocytes, in an adjuvant‐free manner. In this respect, we present a simple strategy to improve the specific CD8+ T cell responses using KFE8 nanofibers bearing a Class I (Kb)‐restricted peptide epitope (called E. nanofibers) without the use of adjuvant. We demonstrate that incorporation of Tat, a cell‐penetrating peptide (CPP) of the HIV transactivator protein, into E. nanofibers remarkably enhanced tumor‐specific CD8+ T cell responses. E. nanofibers containing 12.5% Tat peptide (E.Tat12.5 nanofiber) increased antigen cross‐presentation by bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells as compared with E. nanofibers, or E. nanofibers containing 25 or 50% the Tat peptide. Uptake of KFE8.Tat12.5 nanofibers by dendritic cells (DCs) was significantly increased compared with KFE8 nanofiber lacking Tat. Peritoneal and lymph node DCs of mice immunized with E.Tat12.5 nanofibers exhibited increased presentation of the H2kb‐epitope (reminiscent for cross‐presentation) compared with DCs obtained from E. nanofiber vaccinated mice. Tetrameric and intracellular cytokine staining revealed that vaccination with E.Tat12.5 triggered a robust and specific CD8+ T lymphocyte response, which was more pronounced than in mice vaccinated with E. nanofibers alone. Furthermore, E.Tat12.5 nanofibers were more potent than E. nanofiber to induce antitumor immune response and tumor‐infiltrating IFN‐γ CD8 T lymphocyte. In terms of cancer vaccine development, we propose that harnessing the nanofiber‐based vaccine platform with incorporated Tat peptide could present a simple and promising strategy to induce highly effective antitumor immune response.
Factors affecting pre‐doctoral dental students’ selection of advanced dental education: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sonkar Jyoti , Bense Spencer , ElSalhy Mohamed 
Published: July 2020

AbstractContextUnderstanding the motivators and obstacles behind pursuing advanced dental education is essential in planning pedagogy, mentorship programs, and curricula that support dental students to achieve their future career goals.PurposeThe objective of this study was to investigate factors influencing dental student's choice to pursue a postgraduate specialization at University of New England College of Dental Medicine with a focus on student personality. Factors examined include demographics, religious affiliations, prior education, dental experiences, expected debt, past career choices, beliefs about the process of specialization, and personality types.MethodA total of 232 dental students (91.6% response rate) completed a self‐administered questionnaire. About 21.6% of dental students intended to pursue a dental specialty while 38.8% wanted to pursue a nondental Masters’ program. Approximately one‐third of dental students were interested in practicing as general dentists or pursuing additional training in general dentistry. Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry were the top choices for dental specialization.ResultsBeing younger, having a dentist family member, nonwhite ethnicity, and having Extraverted and Sensing personality were found to be significant predictors of dental students’ intention to pursue advanced dental education. Having a unique talent or skills, past exposure to dental treatments, family/peer expectations, geographic location of the residency program and its proximity to the family were the most identified factors while considering residency program.ConclusionResults in this study are consistent with previous literature and bring attention to the importance of understanding students' personality in teaching methodologies, mentorship and determining their future goals. The findings allow dental institutions to better prepare their predoctoral candidate for residency.
Efficacy of ACEIs/ARBs vs CCBs on the progression of COVID‐19 patients with hypertension in Wuhan: A hospital‐based retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Xiulan , Liu Yi , Chen Keliang , Yan Suying , Bai Xiangrong , Li Juan , Liu Dong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo evaluate the efficacy of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs calcium channel blockers (CCBs) on the progression of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients with hypertension in Wuhan. This retrospective single‐center case series analyzed COVID‐19 patients with hypertension, treated with ACEIs/ARBs or CCBs at the Tongji Hospital of Wuhan City, China from 25th January to 15th March 2020. After propensity score matching analysis, 76 patients were selected into two groups. Univariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to determine factors related to improvement measures and outcome measures by Cox proportional hazard regression models. Among 157 patients with confirmed COVID‐19 combined hypertension, including 73 males and 84 females, a median age of 67.28 ± 9.11 vs 65.39 ± 10.85 years. A univariable analysis indicated that clinical classification, lymphocyte count, and interleukin‐2 receptor were associated with a lengthened negative time of nucleic acid, with a significant difference between two groups (P = .036). Furthermore, we found no obvious difference in nucleic acid conversion time between ACEIs/ARBs and CCBs groups (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.97, 3.38]; P = .18) in the multivariable analysis as well as chest computed tomography improved time (HR: 0.73; 95% CI [0.45, 1.2]; P = .87), and hospitalization time between ACEIs/ARBs and CCBs groups (HR: 1.06; 95% CI [0.44, 1.1]; P = .83). Our study provided additional evidence of no obvious difference in progress and prognosis between ACEIs/ACEIs and CCBs group, which may suggest ACEIs/ARBs may have scarcely influence on increasing the clinical severe situations of COVID‐19 patients with hypertension.
Spatial and temporal variability of daily precipitation concentration in southeastern South America
Authors: Llano María Paula , Vargas Walter 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe study of the spatial and temporal variability of the precipitation concentration is necessary, due to its high environmental and socioeconomic impact. For this reason, this study aims to contribute to the knowledge of daily rainfall in southeastern South America. Daily records of precipitation for 48 stations are used (period 1979–2018) to calculate the concentration index (CI). High CI is linked to rapid physical processes such as convection, and low CI can be interpreted as a consequence of regular patterns such as the continuous passage of fronts. The spatial and temporal distribution of CI brings information about frequency and changes in heavy rainfall days. The spatial distribution of the CI at an annual level has a range of variation between 0.54 and 0.68. The CI temporal variation shows different regional behaviour. In Brazil, there is an increase in the CI, while in Uruguay and the north‐central part of Argentina negative trends are present in the four seasons.