bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Palliative Care Needs in Assisted Living
Authors: David Daniel , Brody Abraham , Sadarangani Tina , Wu Bei , Cortez Tara 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Many residents of Assisted Living (AL) confront serious illness and therefore might benefit from greater access to Palliative Care Services to improve quality of life. We surveyed resident records and AL nursing staff to identify patients in need of Palliative Care. Preliminary findings showed that nurses predicted 23% would not be alive and 49% would no longer live in AL. A majority of residents were over the age of 90, yet 30% did not have a reported code status. These findings suggest that a substantial portion of AL residents may have unmet needs with respect to palliative care. Future interventions are needed to support advance care planning conversations and make palliative care more accessible to this population.
Prefrontal Cortex Control of Walking: Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Beyond
Authors: Rosso Andrea , Holtzer Roee 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Cognitive control of walking may change with aging and is associated with poorer mobility and greater fall risk. The prefrontal cortex function is important for cognitive control of walking, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) provides the primary means for assessing prefrontal activation during walking. Growing interest in fNIRS to assess cognitive control of walking has led to advancements in the methodologies for processing and analyzing the data, a greater sophistication of experimental protocols and participant samples, and implementation within intervention studies. These advancements will be highlighted in five presentations from an international group of researchers at the forefront of the field. First, Meltem Izzetoglu will provide direct comparisons of various data processing methodologies, demonstrating comparability across approaches. Three talks will demonstrate the range of applications of fNIRS to studying walking in older adults. Nemin Chen will present data on task-related patterns of prefrontal activation across walking tasks in relation to performance, cognitive function, and structural brain health. Sarah Fraser will present results from stair climbing, a critical task for daily function which also presents a fall risk. Inbal Maidan will examine how individual differences affect prefrontal activity during walking across older adults, younger adults, and patients with Parkinson’s disease or multiple sclerosis. Finally, David Clark will demonstrate the use of fNIRS in assessing outcomes from an intervention that combined walking with non-invasive frontal brain stimulation. Roee Holtzer will lead a discussion of the results and the future of fNIRS in assessing cognitive control of walking in older adults.
Using fNIRS to Capture Cerebral Oxygenation in Older Adults Navigating Stairs
Authors: Fraser Sarah , Salzman Talia , Kim Hyejun , Badawi Hawazin , Vallejo Diana Tobon , Lajoie Yves , Pilutti Lara , Farrell John 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Navigating stairs is a complex motor activity and while it provides health benefits it can also increase the risk of falls in older adults (OA). The prefrontal cortex (PFC) contributions to stairclimbing (with or without a cognitive task) remain unknown. Using functional near infra-red spectroscopy (fNIRS) and wireless insoles, this study evaluated cerebral oxygenation changes (∆HbO2) in the PFC, gait parameters (speed) and cognitive performance (reaction time(RT)/accuracy) during stair ascent and descent in single (SMup/SMdown) and dual task (DTup/DTdown) conditions. OAs navigated stairs with or without a simple reaction time task. Participants had longer RTs in DTup (p &lt; .001) and DTdown (p &lt;.001) in comparison to standing, with no significant differences in accuracy or walk speed. ∆HbO2 was significantly different (p = .003) between SMdown and DTdown. Findings suggest that despite the simplicity of the cognitive task, dual-tasking on stairs resulted in increased cerebral oxygenation and slowed cognitive responses.
Social Volunteering in Aging Adults Increases Regions of the Amygdala and Correlates With Enhanced Generativity
Authors: Carlson Michelle 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Brain Health Study (BHS) of the Baltimore Experience Corps Trial (BECT) examined whether a randomized, controlled trial of an intergenerational social volunteer program, entitled Experience Corps, increased subregions of the amygdala related to socioemotional memory and risk for Alzheimer’s disease in aging adults. We further assessed functional correlates of these intervention-related changes and changes in aging adults’ developmental need to be generative, or, to give back to the well-being of others. The BHS simultaneously randomized 112 men and women (59 intervention; 53 control) within BECT to evaluate intervention impact on biomarkers of brain health at baseline and annual follow-ups during the two-year trial. Intention-to-treat analyses revealed program-specific increases in the shape of the centromedial and basomedial regions of the left amygdala (p’s≤0.05 adjusted), which were correlated with increases in generativity (p’s =0.06). Meaningful social engagement buffered amygdalar declines important to preservation of emotionally salient memory and risk for dementia. Part of a symposium sponsored by Brain Interest Group.
Hearing Loss in Older Adults: Implications for Cognitive Load and Brain Structure and Function
Authors: Lin Frank 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Age-related hearing loss is prevalent in two-thirds of older adults and reflects progressive impairments in cochlear function leading to impoverished peripheral neural encoding of sound. Research has demonstrated the broader implications of hearing loss for the health and functioning of older adults, particularly with respect to brain aging and dementia. This presentation will summarize current epidemiological and neuroimaging evidence for how hearing loss in older adults affects cognitive load and brain structure/function and relate this contemporary research with previous psychological studies proposing ‘information degradation’ and ‘sensory deprivation’ hypotheses of how hearing may affect cognitive function. Finally, the design of an ongoing NIA-funded randomized controlled trial (ACHIEVE- Aging and Cognitive Health Evaluation in Elders) that will determine if hearing treatment reduces the risk of cognitive decline, dementia, and brain aging in adults will be discussed. Part of a symposium sponsored by Brain Interest Group.
Oral Health, Immigrant Status, and Adult Children’s Support Among Chinese American Older Adults
Authors: Jiang Nan , Wu Bei , Zhang Wei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Adult children play an important role in older immigrants’ health outcomes. Research has indicated that older adults may benefit from adult children caregivers’ support for oral health. However, little is known about children’s support for improving oral health for older immigrants. Using the 2018 survey of 430 Chinese older adults age 55 and older in Honolulu, Hawai’i, we examine the associations among immigrant status, adult children’s support and perceived oral health for Chinese American older adults. Emotional support from adult children protects the self-rated oral health for the immigrant group, while financial support is linked to fewer oral health problems among the US-born group. Therefore, the current study underlines the importance of investigating different pathways among foreign-born and native-born Chinese older adults with regard to children’s support on their oral health outcomes. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Oral Health Interest Group.
Implementation of a Care Management Program for Low-Income Older Adults
Authors: Schloen Anna , Grimaldi Helen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The focus of this session will be on the implementation of a new care management program in Chicago for low income older adults. Framed by the Exploration, Installation, Initial Implementation, and Full Implementation framework, the presenter will first discuss the process and outcomes of a needs assessment which informed the program. The presenter will share strategies and lessons learned from getting the program off the ground and initial lessons learned which informed the full program as it is operated today. In 2 years, the program has grown from 1 FTE to 4.5 FTE and to 250 clients. The presenter will provide strategies for managing growth while maintaining quality care. Finally, the presenter will provide information on the program's collaboration with a researcher to enhance evidence-based service delivery within the care management program. Participants will learn specific strategies they can take back to their own communities to implement care management programs.
The Role of Rehabilitation in Reducing Resource Use and Lowering Hospital Readmission Through Discharge Planning
Authors: Miller Kenneth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The transitions between medical settings, the community and back again is a complex and intimidating process for patients, families and caregivers. These transitions are vulnerable points where planning is key and must begin at the initial examination with rehabilitation providers (PTs/OTs,SLPs). These providers are key members of the healthcare team to facilitate effective transition management. In this session, attendees will learn the critical factors rehabilitation providers use to evaluate patients in order to facilitate successful care transitions. An overview of the indications for rehabilitation referral will be presented, as well as evidence for effective rehabilitation strategies. The speaker will present tools from the American Physical Therapy Association Home Health Toolbox and outline a decision-making process for care transitions based on the individual, caregivers, and health care providers to achieve successful transitions that reduce resource use and hospital readmission rates. Attendees will learn strategies to facilitate inter-professional collaboration, communication, and advocacy.
Hearing Loss and Cognitive Decline: Causal Evidence
Authors: Golub Justin , Sharma Rahul , Chern Alex , Rippon Brady , Ciarlegio Adam , Schupf Nicole , Brickman Adam , Luchsinger José 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Age-related hearing loss (HL) has recently been associated with cognitive decline, dementia, and changes in brain structure. HL has near universal prevalence in later life (involving 80% of those over 80 years old) and is rarely treated (under 20% in the same age group). Dementia is also common in later life, carrying staggering societal implications, including a worldwide cost of over $605 billion/year. Research establishing an association between HL and cognition has included cross-sectional and prospective studies. New data show a link not only in the earliest stages of HL but also in hearing ranges still considered normal. The current evidence for an independent association between HL and impaired cognition, including a possible causal connection, will be reviewed. Plausible mechanistic pathways will be discussed with an emphasis on brain imaging biomarkers of dementia. Finally, future avenues for research and policy change will be proposed.
GSA COVID-19 Task Force: Developing a Research Agenda
Authors: Resnick Barbara , Zimmerman Sheryl 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
GSA COVID-19 Task Force members worked with organizational leaders and special interest groups to ascertain areas where further research about COVID-19 and older adults would be helpful. The responses were compiled into a single document to create a research agenda. Processes to share the agenda with federal agencies and partners will be shared.
Validity and Reliability of the Healthy Aging Instrument in Older Adults With and Without Fear of Falling
Authors: Thiamwong Ladda 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An instrument to measure healthy aging has not been validated in older adults with and without fear of falling, expressing a methodological gap that limits research in this field. This cross-sectional study aimed to validate the 35-item Healthy Aging Instrument (HAI) in adults aged 60 years and over. 389 community-dwelling older adults from two provinces in Thailand were recruited. The mean age of participants was 70.4 years, and 63% were women. The HAI showed good construct validity and internal reliability in the total group and subgroups with respect to levels of fear of falling. All correlations among the HAI, Fall Risk Assessment Test, Fall Efficacy Scale-International, and full tandem stance test were significant. While Western cultures value the expression of thoughts and feelings, it is not particularly encouraged in Asian cultures. The HAI demonstrates good psychometric properties and provides the basis for measuring healthy aging in Asian older adults.
Development of Age-Friendly Health Systems in Culturally Diverse Settings
Authors: Lee Jung-Ah , Gibbs Lisa , Fitzpatrick Camille , Saville Neika 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
UC Irvine (UCI) GWEP partnerships were designed to address a startling increase in impoverished older adults and the disproportionate medical and social determinants of health faced by Latino and Asian communities. All partner clinics primarily serve racial/ethnic minorities, including Hispanic/Latino or Asian minorities (83-88%), with &gt;90% below the 200% poverty threshold. Our major FQHCs include the academic UCI Family Health Center, Vietnamese and Korean community Services. We established an FQHC Geriatric Clinic at UCI with the 4 M’s paradigm (i.e., matter, mobility, medication, mentation) integrated into the clinic through the Medicare Annual Wellness Exam. We are disseminating this model to our smaller community sites, along with 4 M presentations. Roughly 5-7% of patients in FQHCs are over 65, allowing leadership time to prepare a foundation for increased growth. Furthermore, we have learned that each FQHC’s cultural setting and infrastructure is unique and requires a customized approach.
We’re in This Together, but . . . : Community-Engaged Research Process of an Arts Intervention With Older Adults
Authors: Sudha Sudha , Miller Lia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Community engaged (CE) methods are used in health-related research, but few discuss methodological aspects among older adults. We describe the methodology and lessons learned from a CE study of whether ARTmail, a structured participatory arts program, benefited older adults aged 60+ with memory symptoms / cognitive impairment (MS/CI). Our study, conducted in 2015-2017 with support from the NEA, was a partnership between a non-profit organization in North Carolina that provides creative programming for older adults with varied abilities, and researchers in an area University. Older adults with MS/CI symptoms receiving care in area communities were recruited into either the art intervention or a control group, in collaboration with community staff. We reflect on the CE research process with a partnership among community organizations, researchers, care staff, and older adults. Asymmetries in priorities, resources, and decision-making power are described, and implications for the research process and findings are discussed.
Space Use, Physical Activity, Sleep Quality and Self-Rated Health Among Late-Life Asian Immigrants
Authors: Li Wenjun , Proctor-Gray Elizabeth , Churchill Linda , Cheng Jie , Kane Kevin , Siden Rachel , Crouter Scott 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Little is known about the health and health behaviors of non-English Speaking late-life Asian immigrants, which is attributable to language and cultural barriers to participate research. In our Healthy Aging and Neighborhood Study, we collected objective measures of space and time use, location- and time-specific physical activities using accelerometer and Global Positioning System devices, and self-reported sleep quality and health. We obtained 3,915 person-days of accelerometer readings from 511 participants including 43 Asians. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Asians had worse self-rated health and poorer vision, more medical conditions and physical limitations as measured by ADL and IADL. Asians had higher daily step counts overall and at home; high proportions of steps on sidewalk or street and senior centers, lower in fee-based outdoor recreational areas, less in restaurant and vehicle. Sleep quality did not differ significantly between Asians and Whites. Risk profiles differed between Asians and Whites, which warrants further investigation.
Family Members’ Experiences of Maintaining an Older Relative’s Functional Ability in Long-Term Care
Authors: Lehto-Niskala Vilhelmiina , Jolanki Outi , Jylhä Marja 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Family members have important role in care of older people. In residential long-term settings family members can find themselves in an ambiguous situation: officially, responsibility for provision and quality of care rests with the care provider and staff members, but in practice family members participate in caring. This study explores the role of family members in residential long-term care settings, particularly in supporting their older relatives’ functional ability. Developing and maintaining functional ability lies at the very core of healthy ageing policies and long-term care. The data consist of semi-structured interviews with family members (n=16) from eight long-term care facilities in Finland. Thematic analysis yielded three themes: maintaining personhood, engaging in everyday life and monitoring care. Family members in our study were actively involved in care that supported the functional ability of their older relative. However, family members had also conflicting views about who was responsible for care provision. Some participants willingly accepted their caregiver responsibilities even in residential care, while others described their involvement in care not as a matter of choice but rather as one of necessity in order to ensure good quality care. It is important to see the family members’ viewpoint which, based on the results of this study, emphasizes personhood and continuity of care. If they are willing to participate, family should be able to take part in caregiving together with the care staff and their role should be recognized.
Ecological Momentary Assessment of Social Contact Satisfaction and Momentary Affect in Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Liu Huiying , Lou Vivian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Previous researches have examined the influences of satisfaction with social relations on affective well-being on a long time-frame among older adults. Using the Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) method, we examined within-person changes in social contact satisfaction in relation to momentary affect on short time-scales in 78 community-dwelling older Chinese. Each participant provided up to 7 EMA surveys per day during a one-week period and reported his/her satisfaction, positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). Multilevel modelling was used for testing the within-person concurrent and time-lagged relations of social interactions and affect. Higher satisfaction was concurrently associated with more PA and less NA. The satisfaction of prior contact was predictive of greater low-arousal PA during the next contact. Prior NA was predictive of lower satisfaction at the next contact. Such dynamic interplays of social and affective experiences should be considered to support the maintenance of affective well-beings in older Chinese.
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Maintenance of Health Behavior Change
Authors: Hughes Jaime , Bettger Janet , Hughes Susan , Raj Mina 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Modifying health behaviors can be difficult, especially for older adults who are challenged by multiple chronic conditions, reduced functional and/or cognitive capacity, and limited social support. Although much attention has been given to the theories, skills, and resources behind initiating and achieving behavior change, less work has focused on maintenance of health behaviors over time. This presentation will showcase pilot research inspired by RCCN’s first workshop, Achieving and Sustaining Behavior Change. Specifically, this pilot brings together an interdisciplinary team of behavioral scientists and health services researchers working at the intersection of intervention science and implementation science to better understand the construct of maintenance and discuss emerging methods for intervention development and evaluation. The presentation will utilize physical activity as an example behavior to demonstrate the value of interdisciplinary research, including recommendations on how some of the six NIA research centers can make unique contributions to understanding health behavior maintenance.
Purposes of Smartphone Use in Later Life: User Perspectives on Digital Daily Life in Germany
Authors: Wolf Friedrich , Oswald Frank 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Smartphones affect everyday life of people across the lifespan with increasing relevance in later life. Although half of older adults in Germany (65+) use smartphones and the numbers of users are growing, only few studies address the integration of older adult’s smartphone use in everyday life as well as its potential effects on social context and wellbeing, which is been done in this study. Data are drawn from surveying the devices of 35 older adults (age 61-77 years; 60% women), allowing to objectively monitor real time smartphone use over the course of a regular week. In addition a semi-standardized ambulatory assessment procedure is administered four times a day to capture the everyday situation of smartphone use as well as aspects of user experience, affect and social context. Preliminary findings show inter- and intra-individual differences in everyday smartphone use in relation to individual differences in social context and wellbeing.
Impact of Hearing Impairment on Missingness of Cognitive Test Scores in the ARIC Study
Authors: Deal Jennifer , Gross Alden , Abraham Alison , Sharrett A Richey , Reed Nicholas , Mosley Thomas , Lin Frank , Swenor Bonnielin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Despite its high prevalence, the impact of hearing impairment on completion of cognitive tests, many of which rely on auditory input to access test material, has not been described. We investigated if hearing impairment is associated with missing scores in 3602 adults (72-94 years, 23% black, 60% female). Cognition was measured using 10 neurocognitive tests. Pure tone better-ear hearing thresholds (0.5-4 kHz) were averaged and categorized. ≥Moderate hearing impairment (versus none) was associated with greater missingness on two auditory tests: Logical Memory (prevalence ratio [PR]:1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.01,1.70) and Digits Backwards (PR:1.35, 95% CI:1.00,1.82); and the non-auditory Trail Making Test Part B (PR:1.48, 95% CI:1.24,1.77). Compared to models using complete cognitive data, models that imputed missing scores showed stronger associations of hearing impairment with poor cognitive performance. Older adults with HI are less likely to complete cognitive testing, resulting in biased estimates of the hearing impairment-cognitive performance relationship.