bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Category count models for adaptive management of metapopulations: Case study of an imperiled salamander
Authors: O'Donnell Katherine M. , Fackler Paul L. , Johnson Fred A. , Bonneau Mathieu N. , Martin Julien , Walls Susan C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractManaging spatially structured populations of imperiled species presents many challenges. Spatial structure can make it difficult to predict population responses to potential recovery activities, and learning through experimentation may not be advised if it could harm threatened populations. Adaptive management provides an appealing framework when experimentation is considered too risky or time consuming; we used such an approach for imperiled flatwoods salamanders at a Florida wildlife refuge. We represented this metapopulation with category count models and used stochastic dynamic programming to identify optimal decision policies that weighed trade‐offs between metapopulation persistence and management costs. We defined possible wetland categories in terms of habitat suitability and occupancy, specified category‐specific management actions, and identified transition probabilities via expert elicitation for two management strategies: “future” status quo (FSQ; frequent growing‐season burns) and extra management actions (EMA; restoration, translocation, head‐starting). We simulated metapopulation dynamics using the resulting optimal management policy and found that under model FSQ, occupancy steadily declined over time, indicating that populations would rapidly become extirpated; with model EMA, occupancy remained stable, suggesting that populations would persist only if additional actions are applied and are effective. This approach can be used to identify optimal solutions while accounting for uncertainty and considering both habitat and population dynamics, and to help managers make conservation decisions for populations at imminent risk of extinction.
What is the ideal indwelling time for metal stents after endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gastrojejunostomy? Case report of delayed iatrogenic perforation with a review of the literature
Authors: Taibi Abdelkader , Durand Fontanier Sylvaine , Derbal Sophiane , Lepetit Hugo , Christou Niki , Fredon Fabien , Mathonnet Muriel , Jacques Jeremie 
Published: February 2020

Several recent studies have described the feasibility, efficacy and safety of the placement of lumen‐apposing metal stents (LAMS) for the treatment of gastrointestinal strictures. However, the optimum stent indwelling time is unclear. We reviewed the literature on endoscopic gastroenterostomy (GE) with a focus on the stent indwelling time and we described the first reported case of iatrogenic perforation six months after Axios stent placement. In the literature review (n = 239), the composite technical success rate and clinical success rate were 93.7% and 87.9%, respectively. The mean follow‐up period was 191 days, and the mean stent indwelling time was 88 days. Among 13 studies (n = 202), the mean rate of complications was 13.4%. The principal complication was mis‐deployment of the stent (4.5%). We report a case report of delayed iatrogenic perforation. A 59‐year‐old male patient with cystic dystrophy of the duodenum has been followed for several years. He presented with anorexia following duodenal obstruction and underwent endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gastrojejunostomy. Six months later, he was referred to our center due to septic shock, and abdominal computed tomography revealed peritonitis secondary to a perforation of the small intestine, opposite the Axios stent. The mean LAMS indwelling time after GE was 88 days. To minimise the rate of adverse events, such as ulceration and mucosal overgrowth, regular abdominal computed tomography and endoscopy can be performed to evaluate the local effect of the stent. When the disease has resolved, the LAMS must be removed as soon as possible.
Learning and predictability via technical analysis: Evidence from bitcoin and stocks with hard‐to‐value fundamentals
Authors: Detzel Andrew , Liu Hong , Strauss Jack , Zhou Guofu , Zhu Yingzi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhat predicts returns on assets with “hard‐to‐value” fundamentals such as Bitcoin and stocks in new industries? We are the first to propose an equilibrium model that shows how technical analysis can arise endogenously via rational learning, providing a theoretical foundation for using technical analysis in practice. We document that ratios of prices to their moving averages forecast daily Bitcoin returns in and out of sample. Trading strategies based on these ratios generate an economically significant alpha and Sharpe ratio gains relative to a buy‐and‐hold position. Similar results hold for small‐cap, young‐firm, and low analyst‐coverage stocks as well as NASDAQ stocks during the dotcom era.
Calibration of probability predictions from machine‐learning and statistical models
Authors: Dormann Carsten F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimPredictions from statistical models may be uncalibrated, meaning that the predicted values do not have the nominal coverage probability. This is easiest seen with probability predictions in machine‐learning classification, including the common species occurrence probabilities. Here, a predicted probability of, say, .7 should indicate that out of 100 cases with these environmental conditions, and hence the same predicted probability, the species should be present in 70 and absent in 30.InnovationA simple calibration plot shows that this is not necessarily the case, particularly not for overfitted models or algorithms that use non‐likelihood target functions. As a consequence, ‘raw’ predictions from such a model could easily be off by .2, are unsuitable for averaging across model types, and resulting maps hence be substantially distorted. The solution, a flexible calibration regression, is simple and can be applied whenever deviations are observed.Main conclusions‘Raw’, uncalibrated probability predictions should be calibrated before interpreting or averaging them in a probabilistic way.
Osteoporosis risk assessment in primary dental care—The attitudes of Swedish dentists, patients and medical specialists
Authors: Gullberg Joanna , Lindh Christina , Axtelius Björn , Horner Keith , Devlin Hugh , Povlsen Lene 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore and identify the attitudes of dentists, patients and medical specialists regarding implementation of osteoporosis risk assessment into Swedish primary dental care.BackgroundOsteoporosis is a major health problem leading to fragility fractures. As shown in academic‐based research, dental radiological examination can be used for osteoporosis risk assessment. A substantial number of patients undergo radiographic examinations in primary dental care each year, but little is known about implementation of osteoporosis risk assessment in this setting.Materials and methodsA qualitative research approach using focus group discussions and manifest content analysis was applied. Five focus groups with dentists and representatives from patient support groups and a single individual interview with one medical specialist were included in the sample.ResultsFrom the manifest content analysis, three categories emerged: (a) barriers to change in practice, (b) benefits to change in practice, and (c) needs and requirements prior to change in practice. Most participants felt that there was insufficient knowledge of osteoporosis as well as a heavy existing workload. A concern was expressed about medical practitioners' willingness to take on responsibility for patients referred by dentists. Representatives from patient support groups highlighted a lack of knowledge about osteoporosis among both the general public and the medical professionals. Clear guidelines and improved communication channels between stakeholders would have to be established to ensure a smooth treatment path for patients.ConclusionDespite interest in osteoporosis risk assessment in primary dental care, there are political, workflow and educational barriers that must be overcome for successful implementation.
Permanent migrants and temporary citizens: multinational Chinese mobilities in the Americas
Authors: CHAN CAROL 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this article, I examine the multinational mobility and citizenship practices of ethnic Chinese who moved to Chile after living in another Latin American country. Despite being permanent residents or Chilean citizens, some hope to return to a previous country of residence in Latin America. Based on 18 semi‐structured interviews conducted between October 2016 and August 2018, their experiences illuminate two aspects of multinational migrations. First, unlike pre‐planned serial migrations of global elites or ‘step‐wise’ migrant workers, these multinational mobilities are nonlinear and open‐ended, due to their contingence on volatile and racialized political economies. Second, unlike transnational migrants who typically maintain links to ‘origin’ countries, they seldom visit China or Taiwan, and instead visit other countries in the Americas, due to business, familial, and affective ties. I discuss the main factors shaping the contingent nature of their mobilities and attachments to Chile, which influences the multiple onward pathways possible in their futures.
Effect of the patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) I148M polymorphism on the risk and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndromes: A meta‐analysis of paediatric and adolescent individuals
Authors: Li Jiaying , Hua Wenxi , Ji Cheng , Rui Jingwen , Zhao Yuening , Xie Chenyao , Shi Bimin , Yang Xiaoqin 
Published: February 2020

SummaryBackgroundThe effect of the patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) I148M polymorphism on the risk and severity of paediatric and adolescent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains inconclusive.ObjectivesWe aimed to estimate the effect of this polymorphism not only on early‐onset NAFLD risk and severity but also on metabolic syndromes susceptibility.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed to identify relevant datasets. The odds ratio of the dichotomic variables and the standardized mean difference of quantitative variables with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess the strength of the associations.ResultsTwenty‐seven studies comprising 10 070 subjects were eligible. The summary effect showed that this polymorphism increased susceptibility to NAFLD development. Furthermore, it also indicated that nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was more frequently observed in G allele carriers among paediatric and adolescent NAFLD patients. Moreover, the meta‐analysis suggested that the variant was significantly associated with elevated liver damage indexes, including serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, gamma‐glutamyltransferase concentrations, and liver fat content. However, the summary estimates for insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, and adiposity showed no significant associations.ConclusionsThe PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism is associated with elevated early‐onset NAFLD risk, severity, and liver damage but not with related metabolic syndromes.
Vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H3N2) and B among laboratory‐confirmed, hospitalised older adults, Europe, 2017‐18: A season of B lineage mismatched to the trivalent vaccine
Authors: Rose Angela M. C. , Kissling Esther , Gherasim Alin , Casado Itziar , Bella Antonino , Launay Odile , Lazăr Mihaela , Marbus Sierk , Kuliese Monika , Syrjänen Ritva , Machado Ausenda , Kurečić Filipović Sanja , Larrauri Amparo , Castilla Jesús , Alfonsi Valeria , Galtier Florence , Ivanciuc Alina , Meijer Adam , Mickiene Aukse , Ikonen Niina , Gómez Verónica , Lovrić Makarić Zvjezdana , Moren Alain , Valenciano Marta ,   I‐MOVE Hospital study team
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundInfluenza A(H3N2), A(H1N1)pdm09 and B viruses co‐circulated in Europe in 2017‐18, predominated by influenza B. WHO‐recommended, trivalent vaccine components were lineage‐mismatched for B. The I‐MOVE hospital network measured 2017‐18 seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against influenza A(H3N2) and B among hospitalised patients (≥65 years) in Europe.MethodsFollowing the same generic protocol for test‐negative design, hospital teams in nine countries swabbed patients ≥65 years with recent onset (≤7 days) severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), collecting information on demographics, vaccination status and underlying conditions. Cases were RT‐PCR positive for influenza A(H3N2) or B; controls: negative for any influenza. “Vaccinated” patients had SARI onset >14 days after vaccination. We measured pooled IVE against influenza, adjusted for study site, age, sex, onset date and chronic conditions.ResultsWe included 3483 patients: 376 influenza A(H3N2) and 928 B cases, and 2028 controls. Most (>99%) vaccinated patients received the B lineage‐mismatched trivalent vaccine. IVE against influenza A(H3N2) was 24% (95% CI: 2 to 40); 35% (95% CI: 6 to 55) in 65‐ to 79‐year‐olds and 14% (95% CI: −22 to 39) in ≥80‐year‐olds. Against influenza B, IVE was 30% (95% CI: 16 to 41); 37% (95% CI: 19 to 51) in 65‐ to 79‐year‐olds and 19% (95% CI: −7 to 38) in ≥80‐year‐olds.ConclusionsIVE against influenza B was similar to A(H3N2) in hospitalised older adults, despite trivalent vaccine and circulating B lineage mismatch, suggesting some cross‐protection. IVE was lower in those ≥80 than 65‐79 years. We reinforce the importance of influenza vaccination in older adults as, even with a poorly matched vaccine, it still protects one in three to four of this population from severe influenza.
Prejudice against higher‐weight health providers: Implications for patients and providers
Authors: McClure‐Brenchley Kimberly J. , Pitpitan Eileen V. , Quinn Diane M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHigher‐weight health providers may face prejudice, which may affect the health provider and the patient alike. In a series of five studies, we sought to experimentally determine the extent of weight prejudice against health providers as well as boundary conditions for the effects. In all studies, participants evaluated the profile of a potential health provider, which contained each study's manipulation. They subsequently rated their likelihood of selecting the provider, their perceived legitimacy of the provider, and how likely they would be to follow the provider's advice. We found that higher‐weight professionals were evaluated more negatively than lower weight professionals in Study 1. Focusing only on health professionals in Study 2, we found that higher‐weight health professionals were evaluated more negatively than lower weight professionals, especially when the health professional's specialty was relevant to weight (i.e., nutrition vs. allergies). This did not depend on gender of the health provider (Study 3). In Study 4, we found that imagined patient risk for heart disease did not moderate the effect of provider weight on prejudiced attitudes, and the effect did not change when providing participants with credible purported physician advice (Study 5). Taken together, these studies provide evidence that weight prejudice against higher‐weight health providers exists, especially in medical contexts related to weight. Not only are there implications for higher‐weight health providers, but also there are implications for patients as well. Thus, prejudice against higher‐weight health providers could constitute an important health issue.
Improving genomic prediction accuracy for meat tenderness in Nellore cattle using artificial neural networks
Authors: Brito Lopes Fernando , Magnabosco Cláudio U. , Passafaro Tiago L. , Brunes Ludmilla C. , Costa Marcos F. O. , Eifert Eduardo C. , Narciso Marcelo G. , Rosa Guilherme J. M. , Lobo Raysildo B. , Baldi Fernando 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe goal of this study was to compare the predictive performance of artificial neural networks (ANNs) with Bayesian ridge regression, Bayesian Lasso, Bayes A, Bayes B and Bayes Cπ in estimating genomic breeding values for meat tenderness in Nellore cattle. The animals were genotyped with the Illumina Bovine HD Bead Chip (HD, 777K from 90 samples) and the GeneSeek Genomic Profiler (GGP Indicus HD, 77K from 485 samples). The quality control for the genotypes was applied on each Chip and comprised removal of SNPs located on non‐autosomal chromosomes, with minor allele frequency <5%, deviation from HWE (p < 10–6), and with linkage disequilibrium >0.8. The FImpute program was used for genotype imputation. Pedigree‐based analyses indicated that meat tenderness is moderately heritable (0.35), indicating that it can be improved by direct selection. Prediction accuracies were very similar across the Bayesian regression models, ranging from 0.20 (Bayes A) to 0.22 (Bayes B) and 0.14 (Bayes Cπ) to 0.19 (Bayes A) for the additive and dominance effects, respectively. ANN achieved the highest accuracy (0.33) of genomic prediction of genetic merit. Even though deep neural networks are recognized to deliver more accurate predictions, in our study ANN with one single hidden layer, 105 neurons and rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function was sufficient to increase the prediction of genetic merit for meat tenderness. These results indicate that an ANN with relatively simple architecture can provide superior genomic predictions for meat tenderness in Nellore cattle.
Pentamidine niosomes thwart S100B effects in human colon carcinoma biopsies favouring wtp53 rescue
Authors: Seguella Luisa , Rinaldi Federica , Marianecci Carlotta , Capuano Riccardo , Pesce Mirella , Annunziata Giuseppe , Casano Fabrizio , Bassotti Gabrio , Sidoni Angelo , Milone Marco , Aprea Giovanni , de Palma Giovanni Domenico , Carafa Maria , Pesce Marcella , Esposito Giuseppe , Sarnelli Giovanni 
Published: February 2020

AbstractS100B protein bridges chronic mucosal inflammation and colorectal cancer given its ability to activate NF‐kappaB transcription via RAGE signalling and sequestrate pro‐apoptotic wtp53. Being an S100B inhibitor, pentamidine antagonizes S100B‐wtp53 interaction, restoring wtp53‐mediated pro‐apoptotic control in cancer cells in several types of tumours. The expression of S100B, pro‐inflammatory molecules and wtp53 protein was evaluated in human biopsies deriving from controls, ulcerative colitis and colon cancer patients at baseline (a) and (b) following S100B targeting with niosomal PENtamidine VEhiculation (PENVE), to maximize drug permeabilization in the tissue. Cultured biopsies underwent immunoblot, EMSA, ELISA and biochemical assays for S100B and related pro‐inflammatory/pro‐apoptotic proteins. Exogenous S100B (0.005‐5 μmol/L) alone, or in the presence of PENVE (0.005‐5 μmol/L), was tested in control biopsies while PENVE (5 μmol/L) was evaluated on control, peritumoral, ulcerative colitis and colon cancer biopsies. Our data show that S100B level progressively increases in control, peritumoral, ulcerative colitis and colon cancer enabling a pro‐inflammatory/angiogenic and antiapoptotic environment, featured by iNOS, VEGF and IL‐6 up‐regulation and wtp53 and Bax inhibition. PENVE inhibited S100B activity, reducing its capability to activate RAGE/phosphor‐p38 MAPK/NF‐kappaB and favouring its disengagement with wtp53. PENVE blocks S100B activity and rescues wtp53 expression determining pro‐apoptotic control in colon cancer, suggesting pentamidine as a potential anticancer drug.
Anti‐ageing effects of red ginseng on female Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Hou Wei , Pei Jin , Wang YingPing , Zhang Jiao , Zheng HouSheng , Cui Ranji 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRed ginseng (RG) was recently reported to extend the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster. However, the mechanism underlying this effect has not yet been elucidated. The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the RG‐mediated prolongation of the lifespan of female D melanogaster. In this study, protein changes in 36‐day‐old female D melanogaster were identified using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), and levels of differentially expressed proteins were verified by quantitative real‐time PCR and Western blotting. Our studies have shown that RG concentrations of 12.5, 15 and 17.5 mg/mL significantly prolonged the lifespan. Eleven proteins were up‐regulated and 46 were down‐regulated between the RG and control groups; and Pebp1 expression was significantly down‐regulated. In addition, AKT and p‐AKT were down‐regulated, and ERK, p‐ERK and Raf1 were up‐regulated by RG. Therefore, RG significantly prolonged the lifespan of female D melanogaster by reducing the expression of Pebp1, up‐regulating ERK and inhibiting the AKT pathway. RG may be a potential drug for anti‐ageing treatment.
Volitional eye movement control and ADHD traits: a twin study
Authors: Siqueiros Sanchez Monica , Falck‐Ytter Terje , Kennedy Daniel P. , Bölte Sven , Lichtenstein Paul , D'Onofrio Brian M. , Pettersson Erik 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundTop‐down volitional command of eye movements may serve as a candidate endophenotype of ADHD, an important function underlying goal‐directed action in everyday life. In this twin study, we examined the relation between performance on a response inhibition eye‐tracking paradigm and parent‐rated ADHD traits in a population‐based twin sample. We hypothesized that altered eye movement control is associated with the severity of ADHD traits and that this association is attributable to genetic factors.MethodsA total of 640 twins (320 pairs, 50% monozygotic) aged 9–14 years) from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) participated. Twins performed the antisaccade task indexing inhibitory alterations as either direction errors (following exogenous cues rather than instructions) or premature anticipatory eye movements (failure to wait for cues). We calculated the associations of eye movement control and ADHD traits using linear regression mixed‐effects models and genetic and environmental influences with multivariate twin models.ResultsPremature anticipatory eye movements were positively associated with inattentive traits (β = .17; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.31), while controlling for hyperactive behaviors and other covariates. Both premature anticipatory eye movements and inattention were heritable (h2 = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.56; h2 = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.65; respectively), and their genetic correlation was small but statistically significant (r = .19, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.36). However, the genetic correlation did not remain significant after adjusting for covariates (age, sex, hyperactivity traits, IQ). No link was found between direction errors and ADHD traits.ConclusionsThis study indicates that there is a specific, genetically influenced, relation between top‐down eye movement control and the inattentive traits typical of ADHD.
Silent hemoglobin variant during capillary electrophoresis: A case report
Authors: Yuan Yanping , Zhou Xianghai , Gao Leili , Ren Qian , Ji Linong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHemoglobin (Hb) North Manchester [β51(D2) Pro→His; HBB:c.155 C>A] is a rare Hb β‐globin gene variant that affects glycated Hb measurement values, such as ion‐exchange high‐performance liquid chromatography, in patients with diabetes. This variant was first detected in the UK in 1998. Here, we describe the first case involving Hb North Manchester detected incidentally in a patient with type 2 diabetes in Northern China. The Hb variant was discovered by ion‐exchange high‐performance liquid chromatography, yet capillary electrophoresis of both glycated Hb program and Hb program failed to detect it. Subsequently, Sanger sequencing was carried out to help identify the Hb variant.