bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decolorization and Detoxification of Triphenylmethane Dyes by isolated endophytic fungus, Bjerkandera adusta SWUSI4 under non-nutritive conditions
Authors: Gao Tiancong , Qin Dan , Zuo Shihao , Peng Yajun , Xu Jieru , Yu Baohong , Song Hongchuan , Dong Jinyan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Biodecolorization by microorganisms is a potential treatment technique of triphenylmethane (TPM) dyes as they seem to be environmentally safe. In the present study, the decolourization and detoxification of cotton blue, crystal violet, malachite green and methyl violet by endophytic fungi from metal-contaminated, Sinosenecio oldhamianu, were investigated. Preliminary screening result indicated that SWUSI4, identified as Bjerkandera adusta, demonstrated the best decolorization for the four TPM dyes within 14 days. Furthermore, optimization result demonstrated the decolorization rate could reach above 90% at 24h by live cells of isolate SWUSI4 when 4g biomass was added into 100mL dyes solution with the concentration 50mg L-1 and shaking conditions. Moreover, decolorization mechanism analysis shows that the decolorization was caused by isolate SWUSI4 that mainly including both absorption of biomass and/or degradation of enzymes. Biosorption of dyes was attributed to binding to hydroxyl, amino, phosphoryl alkane, and ester-lipids groups based on fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. The biodegradation potential of SWUSI4 was further suggested by the change of peaks in the Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra and detection of manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase activities. Finally, the phytotoxicity test confirmed that TPM dyes toxicity of the treatment after by SWUSI4 was significantly lower than that before treatment. These results indicate that an endophytic SWUSI4 could be used as a potential TPM dyes adsorption and degradation agent, thus facilitating the study of the plant-endophyte symbiosis in the bioremediation processes.
Glycopenia-Induced Sympathoadrenal Activation in Diabetes Mellitus And Uncontrolled Arterial Hypertension: An Observational Study.
Authors: Abobarin-Adeagbo Abimbola , Wienke Andreas , Girndt Matthias , Pliquett Rainer U. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Aim of this study is to investigate a possible association of hypoglycemic episodes and arterial hypertension. We hypothesize that hospitalized insulin-treated diabetes patients with hypertensive crisis have more hypoglycemic episodes than their counterparts without hypertensive crisis on admission.Methods: In a prospective, observational cohort study, 65 insulin-treated diabetes patients (type 1, type 2, type 3c) were included in Group 1, when a hypertensive crisis was present, as control patients in Group 2 without hypertensive crisis or hypoglycemia, in Group 3, when a symptomatic hypoglycemia was present on admission. All patients were subjected to open-label continuous flash glucose monitoring, to 24-hour blood-pressure and Holter electrocardiogram recordings, and to laboratory tests including plasma catecholamines. Results: 53 patients, thereof 19 Group-1, 19 Group-2, 15 Group-3 patients, completed this study. Group-1 patients had the highest maximum systolic blood pressure, a higher daily cumulative insulin dose at admission, a higher body-mass index, and a higher plasma norepinephrine than control patients of Group 2. Group-3 patients had more documented hypoglycemic episodes (0.8 ± 0.5 per 24 hours) than Group-2 patients (0.2 ± 0.3 per 24 hours), however, they were not different to the ones in Group-1 patients (0.4 ± 0.4 per 24 hours). Plasma norepinephrine and mean arterial blood pressure were not different between Group-1 and Group-3 patients, though higher than in Group-2 patients. At discharge, the daily cumulative insulin dose was reduced in Group-1 (-18.4 ± 24.9 units) and Group-3 patients (-18.6 ± 22.7 units), but remained unchanged in Group-2 patients (-2.9 ± 15.6 units).Conclusions: An association between hypoglycemic events and uncontrolled hypertension was found in this study.
Betaine Inhibits Toll-like Receptor 4 Responses and Restores Intestinal Microbiota in Acute Liver Failure Mice
Authors: Chen Qian , Wang Yao , Jiao Fangzhou , Shi Chunxia , Pei Maohua , Wang Luwen , Gong Zuojiong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Previous research has revealed that the gut microbiome has a marked impact on acute liver failure (ALF). Here, we evaluated the impact of betaine on the gut microbiota composition in an ALF animal model. The potential protective effect of betaine by regulating Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) responses was explored as well.
Methods
Both mouse and cell experiments included normal, model, and betaine groups. The rat small intestinal cell line IEC-18 was used for in vitro experiments.
Results
Betaine ameliorated the small intestine tissue and IEC-18 cell damage in the model group by reducing the high expression of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6 and TNF-α. Furthermore, the intestinal permeability in the model group was improved by enhancing the expression of the (ZO)-1 and occludin tight junction proteins. There were 509 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that were identified in mouse fecal samples, including 156 core microbiome taxa. Betaine significantly improved the microbial communities, depleted the gut microbiota constituents Coriobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Enterorhabdus and Coriobacteriales and markedly enriched the taxa Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and Prevotella in the model group.
Conclusion
Betaine effectively improved intestinal injury in ALF by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway, improving the intestinal mucosal barrier and maintaining the gut microbiota composition.
Hand grip strength in relation to low back pain and arthralgia in Kurdish men: a cross- sectional study using data from RaNCD cohort study
Authors: Pasdar Yahya , Hamzeh Behrooz , Moradi Shima , Najafi Farid , Moradinazar Mehdi , Shamsi Mohammadbagher , Shakiba Ebrahim 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Musculoskeletal disorders can reduce quality of life and work capacity. We found better muscle strength can prevent musculoskeletal pain including arthralgia, back, and joint stiffness. This current study was assessed hand grip strength in relation to low back pain and arthralgia in Kurdish men.
Methods
This cross- sectional study was conducted using data from Ravansar non- communicable diseases (RaNCD) cohort study on 2164 men aged 35–65 years. Hand grip strength (HGS) was measured using a hand-held hydraulic hand grip dynamometer. Low back pain, arthralgia, back and joint stiffness were evaluated by the RaNCD cohort study physician using a standard questionnaire.
Results
In current study, 21.39 and 24.58% of studied participants had low back pain and arthralgia. Among the participants with low back pain 14.5% had back stiffness and among the participants with arthralgia 12.8% had joint stiffness. The mean of HGS in participants with arthralgia, back and joint stiffness was significantly less than in participants without these disorders (P < 0.001; P = 0.05; and P = 0.005, respectively). We observed that increasing HGS was associated with lower risk of arthralgia, back and joint stiffness.
Conclusions
Our results highlighted that higher HGS was associated with lower risk of arthralgia, back, and joint stiffness. However, there was not any association between HGS and low back pain. To enhance muscle strength, do exercise and adhere to proper nutrition are suggested to reduce musculoskeletal pain.
Identifying Physician-perceived Barriers to Apragmatictreatment Trial Inrheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Qu Haiyan , Austin Shamly , Singh Jasvinder 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this qualitative research was to identify physician-perceived patient and clinic barriers to patient recruitment in a RA pragmatic trial of anti-TNF biologic vs. non-TNF biologic/Janus-Kinase inhibitor initiation after an inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX-IR).Methods: Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 26 rheumatologists in March 2019. An exploratory thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the interview data.Results:Physician perceived patient barriers to the implementation ofa RA pragmatic trial. This theme covers three sub-themes: 1) patients’ personal barriers, 2) patients’ treatment-related factors, and 3) trial-related factors (e.g., patient recruitment, side effects, mode of use, etc.). Physicians perceived clinic barriers interfered with the pragmatic trial enrollment from the clinic or the healthcare system perspective. This theme covered four sub-themes: 1) clinic-related factors, 2) patient-related factors, 3) research personnel, and 4) facilitators (positive factors of the clinic). Conclusions: Our results from the inductive thematic analysis will help researchers understand the key patient and clinic/system factors/barriers that may influence pragmatic RA trial implementation. The themes suggest there are factors that can be modified (e.g., coordinator effort needed, effective patient recruitment during clinic visits, provider engagement) and challenges to overcome (patient insurance status, busy clinic flow, and space issues including limited number of patient rooms). In summary, these themes provide a basis for our and other research teams to develop clinic-centered and patient-centered strategies to implement a pragmatic RA trial.
Prevalence and Measurement of Anxiety and Depression in Nurses During Covid Pandemic in Nepal
Authors: Karki Pramila , Katwal George B. J. , Chandra Ayush , Chandra Avinash 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundAnxiety and depression are under reported, underdiagnosed mental illness inhealth worker in Nepal especially during COVID pandemic.The study was carried out as an observational studyon nurses in Nepal. In this study we attempted to assess the incidence and impact of depression and anxietyin nurses who are working upfront in different hospitals during this crisis.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study is to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression among nurses in Nepal during COVID pandemic who are working in various hospitals.MethodA cross-sectional non-probability purposive sampling with observational analysis was carried out and the sample was collected from nurses working in different hospitals. Prevalence of anxiety and depression was assessed using a structured and validated questionnaire. Anxiety was assessed with theHamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), General Anxiety Disorder Questionnaires (GAD) with a cut-off score for various levels of anxiety while Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)was used to assess depression.ResultThe analysis of these different scales revealed that disabling anxiety prevailed at highest (43.6%) in nursing staff according to HAM-A scale. Moderateanxiety also seemed to be higher (>20%) in GAD questionnaire. ConclusionThis is the first study carried out in Nepal that investigates the mental health of nurses who are working in the frontline in this COVID pandemic situation. The study revealed that our nurses who have given their life in the line are suffering from serious mental health problems.
Associations between bone fractures and post-traumatic stress disorder after the Great East Japan Earthquake in the older adult: a prospective cohort study from the Fukushima Health Management Survey
Authors: Hayashi Fumikazu , Ohira Tetsuya , Nakano Hironori , Nagao Masanori , Okazaki Kanako , Harigane Mayumi , Yasumura Seiji , Maeda Masaharu , Takahashi Atsushi , Yabe Hirooki , Suzuki Yuriko , Kamiya Kenji 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Bone metabolism is known to be affected by psychological stress, and increased psychological stress could increase fracture risk. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of mental health deterioration caused by disaster on fracture risk in the older adult.
Methods
This study analyzed the responses of those who answered the Mental Health and Lifestyle Survey component of the Fukushima Health Management Survey conducted in 2011: a total of 13,768 people aged 65 or more who had no history of fractures at the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake. We were able to track the presence or absence of a fracture until 2016. The analysis included age, sex, physical factors, social factors, psychological factors, and lifestyle factors. A survival analysis was performed on the relationship between each item and the fracture. Then, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to identify fracture risk factors.
Results
A total of 1,687 (12.3%) fractures occurred during the observation period. As a result of univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, those at high risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (PTSD checklists ≥ 44) (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.38; P = 0.039), history of cancer (HR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.28–1.93; P < 0.001), history of stroke (HR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.08–1.65; P = 0.009), history of heart disease (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.05–1.45; P = 0.012), history of diabetes (HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.05–1.39; P = 0.007), and who reported being extremely dissatisfied with sleep or not being able to sleep at all (HR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.04–1.89; P = 0.025), had a significant increase in fracture risk independent of age and sex.
Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that chronic psychological stress caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake could have contributed to increased fracture risk in the older adult. Therefore, understanding bone mineral density, offering active psychological care to reduce psychosocial stress, and providing sleep guidance are important for preventing fractures in older adult residents, particularly those in evacuation areas.
Genetic factors and the risk of drug-resistant epilepsy in young children with epilepsy and neurodevelopment disability: A Prospective Study and Updated Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lin Chien-Hen , Chou I-Ching , Hong Syuan-Yu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) affects 7–20% of children with epilepsy. Although some risk factors for DRE have been identified, the results have not been consistent. Moreover, data regarding the risk factors for epilepsy and its seizure outcome in the first 2 years of life are limited.
Methods
We analyzed data for children aged 0–2 years with epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disability (NDD) from January, 2013, through December, 2017. These patients were followed up to compared the risk of DRE in patients with genetic defect (genetic group) with that without genetic defect (nongenetic group). Additionally, we conducted a meta-analysis to identify the pooled prevalence of genetic factors in children with DRE
Results
A total of 96 patients were enrolled. A total of 68 patients were enrolled in the nongenetic group, whereas 28 patients were enrolled in the genetic group. The overall DRE risk in the genetic group was 6.5 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.15–19.6; p = 0.03) higher than that in the nongenetic group. Separately, a total of 1308 DRE patients were participated in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of these patients with genetic factors was 22.8% (95% CI 17.4–29.3)
Conclusions
The genetic defect plays a crucial role in the development of DRE in younger children with epilepsy and NDD. The results can serve as a reference for further studies of epilepsy panel design and may also assist in the development of improved treatments and prevention strategies for DRE.
The Prevalence of Frailty in Cancer Patients and Mortality Prediction With a Novel Frailty Index Based Clinical Algorithm-A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study
Authors: Jin Xi , Ren Yue , Shao Li , Guo Zengqing , Wang Chang , He Ying , Zhou Lan , Cong Minghua , Ma Hu , Wang Wei , Zhou Chunling , Feng Yongdong , Ba Yi , Gao Jianguo , Lu Miaomiao , Zhang Mengmeng , Gu Xuewei , Song Chunhua , Xu Hongxia , Shi Hanping 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose To investigate the prediction capacity and status of frailty in Chinese cancer patients in national level, through establishing a novel prediction algorithm. Methods The percentage of frailty in different ages, provinces and tumor type groups of Chinese cancer patients were revealed. The predictioncapacity of frailty on mortality of Chinese cancer patients was analyzed by FI-LAB that is composed of routine laboratory data from accessible blood test and calculated as the ratio of abnormal factors in 22 variables. Establishment of a novel algorithm MCP(mortality of cancer patients)to predict the five-year mortality in Chinese cancer patients was accomplished and its prediction capacity was tested in the training and validation sets using ROC analysis. ResultsWe found that the increased risk of death in cancer patients can be successfully identified through FI-LAB. The univariable and multivariable Cox regression were used to evaluate the effect of frailty on death. In the 5-year follow-up, 20.6% of the 2959 participants (age = 55.8 ± 11.7 years; 43.5% female) were dead while the mean FI-LAB score in baseline was 0.23 (standard deviation = 0.13; range = 0 to 0.73).Frailty (after adjusting for gender, age, and other confounders) could be directly correlated with increased risk of death, with a hazard ratio of 12.67 (95% confidence interval CI: 7.19, 22.31) in comparison with those without frailty. In addition, MCP algorithm presented an area under the ROC (AUC) of 0.691 (95% CI: 0.659-0.684) and 0.648 (95% CI: 0.613-0.684) in the training and validation set, respectively. Conclusion Frailty is common in cancer patients and FI-LAB has high prediction capacity on mortality. The MCP algorithm is a good supplement for frailty evaluation and mortality prediction in cancer patients.
Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine Combined With Chemotherapy for Extensive-stage Small-cell Lung Cancer Patients on Improving Oncologic Survival: Study Protocol of a Multicenter, Randomized, Single-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: Chen Yuyi , Liu Zishen , Yu Mingwei , Zhang Yi , Li Qiwei , Yang Guowang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) is characterized by extensive metastases, aggressive progression and poor prognosis. Chemotherapy is applied as a preferred first-line regimen for ES-SCLC, but inadequate for improvingits overall survival. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used in the clinical practice of ES-SCLC for its synergy with chemotherapy. However, there is still no substantial evidence to prove that TCM can effectively improve the long-term efficacy of ES-SCLC patients. The study intends to determine whether theTCM with chemotherapy can improve the overall survival (OS) in treating with ES-SCLC when compared with chemotherapy alone.Method/design:A multicenter, randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial will be conducted to determine whether the TCM granules combined with chemotherapy can improve the OS of ES-SCLC. 270 participants will randomly receive 4-6 cycles (21daysper cycle)of chemotherapy plus TCM granules or placebo. The primary outcome measures is OS. The secondary outcome measures includesprogression-free survival(PFS), objective response rate(ORR), quality of life(QoL) and tumor markers. Visits will be performed at the end of each cycle during the treatment period and then every 3 months in the follow-up period until the patients’ death or study completion.Conclusion:the study’s result will provide a high-level evidence for TCM granules using with chemotherapy on the first-line treatment of ES-SCLC.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, No. ChiCTR1900022991, registered 6 May 2019 (prospective registration).
Prevalence and Predictors of Diabetes Mellitus Among Persons Living With HIV (PLWH)
Authors: UMAR DAVID MOHAMMED , NAIDOO PANJASARAM 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic non-infectious medical condition which is evident by raised levels of glucose in the blood, because the body cannot produce any or enough of the hormone insulin or use insulin effectively. Diabetes, if not well managed leads to complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy which can be fatal. Some of the factors that predisposes to diabetes include older age, higher body mass index, heredity and hypertension. With the availability of HAART for the managing HIV/AIDS infection, life span of persons living with HIV (PLWH) has increased significantly. With increased longevity, the aging population of PLWH also face chronic diseases such as diabetes in addition to HIV. The burden of both HIV and diabetes is high in South Africa, particularly in KwaZulu-Natal. Nevertheless, the prevalence of diabetes among PLWH in KwaZulu-Natal and its predictors is not well understood. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence, predictors of diabetes and the outcome of managing diabetes among PLWH.Methods: The study was conducted in four public health care facilities in KwaZulu-Natal after ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. A pretested questionnaire and hospital patient charts were used to collect data. SPSS version was used to analyze the data using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of diabetes among PLWH was 9%. This was higher than the prevalence of diabetes of 5.4% among the general population in South Africa. Just over 47% of those who had diabetes, had uncontrolled blood sugar, with a mean fasting blood sugar (FBS) of 11.7 mmol/L. The predictors of diabetes among PLWH were, male gender and older age. Male PLWH had 65% less chances of having diabetes and those who were between the ages of 18 and 48 years were 88% less probable to have diabetes compared to those who were older than 48 years.Conclusion: Public sector health care facilities in KwaZulu-Natal need to do much more to manage diabetes in PLWH in order to prevent diabetic complications and possible negative impact on the outcome of HIV management.