bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Effects of Abuse in Later Life Perpetrated by Family Members
Authors: Meinertz Naomi , Liu Pi-Ju , Acierno Ron 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Abuse in later life could potentially lead to lower levels of social support, especially when perpetrated by family members who are charged with protecting the older adult in their care. Using both waves of the National Elder Mistreatment longitudinal data (wave one collected in 2008 and wave two in 2015; N=774), long-term effects of abuse (i.e., physical, emotional, sexual, and financial) on levels of social support, physical health, and clinical depressive symptoms for respondents at or above the age of 60 years were analyzed. A multivariate analysis of variance showed that respondents abused at wave one (n=261) by a family member (B=-0.55, p≤0.001), a spouse or ex-partner (B=-0.349, p=0.02), or a non-relative or stranger (B=-0.301, p=0.026) had lower levels of social support eight years later at wave two. Those abused by a family member at wave one also experienced higher levels of depressive symptoms at wave two (B=-0.187, p=0.01). Perpetrator type did not predict general health at wave two. These results emphasize the long-term impact of abuse on the lives of older adults and highlight the importance trusted relationships, such as with family members, have on older adult health and wellbeing.
Retirement Preparedness: How Important Is Being Financially Literate?
Authors: Wang Mengya , Bartholomae Suzanne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Financial security in retirement is a major concern for many Americans. Numerous studies document that Americans are not prepared for retirement, with financial illiteracy cited as one reason Americans fail to plan. Employing data from the 2018 National Financial Capability Study (N=27,091), this study investigates actual financial literacy (AFL) and perceived financial literacy (PFL) and how combinations of this measure influences retirement planning, and varies based on years from retirement. This study found relatively low financial literacy and retirement preparedness levels among the US sample, even for those pre-retirees ages 55 to 64. Individually, PFL and AFL increased as one approached retirement. When combined, adults nearing retirement (55 to 64) comprised the greatest proportion of the high AFL and high PFL (29.9%) group compared to adults 20 years or more from retirement (18-44) who largely made up the low AFL and PFL (48%) group. Based on a logistic regression, adults closest to retirement (ages 55 to 64) are more likely to be planning compared to the other groups, as are adults who were financially confident, risk takers, highly educated, males, and white. Compared to adults with high AFL and high PFL, adults with low AFL and low PFL, or a combination (low PFL and high AFL, high PFL and low AFL) have lower odds of preparing for retirement. Both PFL and AFL influences retirement planning, and PFL may be as important as AFL. Our highlight the importance of policies and programs to support Americans with retirement planning.
Vulnerability to Financial Scams Among Older Adults: Cognitive and Psychosocial Factors
Authors: Beach Scott , Czaja Sara , Schulz Richard , Loewenstein David , Lichtenberg Peter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents baseline results from a longitudinal study funded by National Institute on Aging examining financial exploitation (FE) among 720 White, African-American, and Hispanic adults age 60 and older. Our proposed conceptual model links socio-demographics, cognitive function, financial skills, and psychosocial factors to both scam exposure and vulnerability, which increases risk for experienced FE. This paper focuses on correlates of scam vulnerability, using a novel measure in which participants read six randomly ordered “scam” scenarios (investment opportunity; Medicare phishing and prescription drug fraud; health product; sweepstakes; telemarketing) and provide credibility ratings for each (1 = Not at all credible; 10 = Extremely credible). Ratings are coded “0” (credibility rating 1); “1” (ratings 2-4); “2” (ratings 5-10) and summed, with total “vulnerability” scores ranging from 0-12. Preliminary results from ~500 participants (Mean age = 73.6) show support for the proposed model. Older adults with poorer cognitive function in multiple domains (memory; reasoning ability; processing speed; other aspects of executive function; and crystallized intelligence); lower financial literacy; lower numeracy; those reporting difficulty with day-to-day financial management; and those performing worse on web-based banking skills tests were more vulnerable to scams. Scam vulnerability was a also higher among those with lower social integration; higher social isolation and loneliness; higher impulsivity; and higher ratings of depression. Use of “scam scenario” credibility ratings shows promise as a simple assessment approach for FE vulnerability. Understanding multiple pathways to FE is important to advance theory and for development of interventions to minimize risk among older adults.
Culture, Age, and Self-Continuity: Old Chinese Showed Lower Continuity With Their Past and Future Self Than Americans
Authors: Lu Yi , Cong Lu , Loeckenhoff Corinna , Zhang Xin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
As culture shapes the way people think and reason, it may also influence their perception of self-continuity, the psychological proximity to the past and the future, across the lifespan. Meanwhile, previous studies in America indicated that advancing age was associated with greater self-continuity. The present research is the first to simultaneously examine how age and culture interact with each other on individuals’ continuity with past and future self. Using Ersner-Hershfield’s visual scale, we assessed participants’ temporal self-continuity at 3 past and 3 future time points (1 year vs. 5 years vs. 10 years) in a sample of 375 Chinese and 91 Americans. A 2(age: young vs. old) x 2(temporal direction: past vs. future) x 2(culture: Chinese vs. American) multilevel analysis was conducted. A significant interaction of age and culture was found, and such interaction revealed that younger Chinese and Americans shared a similar pattern on self-continuity at different temporal distances. However, older Chinese, compared with older Americans, presented a lower level of self-continuity and less variance across temporal distances, suggesting that older Chinese felt less connected with their recent self than both Americans and younger Chinese, and less connected with their remote self than older Americans. These findings fill the gaps in current research by revealing an opposite trend on self-continuity between older Chinese and Americans, and suggest more concern on country differences in this area.
Emotional and Situational Acceptance Across the Lifespan: A Novel Scale
Authors: Wolfe Hannah , Isaacowitz Derek 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Self-reported emotional well-being tends to increase with age (Charles & Carstensen, 2007), but evidence for age differences in emotion regulation strategies is mixed (Livingstone & Isaacowitz, 2019), and the strategy of acceptance, in particular, is relatively understudied. Acceptance involves the deliberate decision to not alter a situation or one’s emotional response to it, and older adults report greater use of general acceptance (Shallcross, Ford, Floerke, & Mauss, 2013). Yet, no current scale distinguishes between situational and emotional acceptance; general acceptance is typically measured using a subscale of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS; Baer, Smith, & Allen, 2004), which assesses judgments of emotions and thoughts. Therefore, a 6-item measure of situational acceptance was developed and administered to 24 younger adults (age 18-25) and 30 older adults (age 55+) on Amazon Mechanical Turk, along with the KIMS accepting subscale and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown & Ryan, 2003). The situational acceptance scale achieved good reliability (α=.721) and significantly correlated with the MAAS (r= .301, p=.027) and KIMS (r= .466, p&lt;.001). Older adults tended to rate themselves as significantly higher on situational acceptance (M=29.83, SD=5.17) than younger adults (M=25.13, SD=5.72; t=-3.171, p=.003), and this pattern held for the MAAS and KIMS. These results confirm prior work suggesting older adults engage in acceptance more often than younger adults and expand this finding to situational, not just emotional, acceptance. Furthermore, skills related to mindfulness and acceptance appear to greatly overlap and may increase over the lifespan.
Moderation of Physical Health on Emotional Health Among Grandparents Raising Grandchildren
Authors: Jiao Yuqin , Riggs Nathaniel , Yancura Loriena , Fox Aimee , Fruhauf Christine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
An estimated 69.5 million older adults in the United States report being grandparents. It is also evident that the number of grandparents raising grandchildren among them is increasing. Although caring for their grandchildren often provides grandparents a sense of purpose and increased life satisfaction, unexpected responsibilities of parenting worsen the already challenging experience of aging (e.g., potential for poor physical and mental health). Thus, it is essential to study the well-being of grandparents raising grandchildren. Links between depressive symptoms and emotional health have been widely studied in previous research. However, limited research has focused on physical health as a potential moderator, despite indirect evidence shown that more depressive symptoms may be observed among those with worse physical health conditions. To address this, we used Optum® SF-36v2® Health Survey to collect physical- and mental-health data and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) to collect information on depressive symptoms in 137 grandparents raising grandchildren (age 40-83) before, immediately after, and six months after a six-week intervention focused on self-care practices. The presence of more depressive symptoms indicated worse emotional health. Physical health moderated these associations at all three time points, such that depressive symptoms were less strongly related to emotional health if grandparents self-reported better physical-health scores. These findings have important implications for future intervention studies. The importance of good physical health practices for grandparents raising grandchildren is evident, including increased physical engagement and better pain management.
The Life Orientation Test: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis Across Three Age Groups
Authors: Intrieri Robert , Goodwin Paige 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Life Orientation Test (LOT; Scheier & Carver, 1985) was developed as a measure of dispositional optimism. Optimism has been linked to positive life outcomes and is associated with psychological (Carver & Gaines, 1987; Scheier & Carver, 1985) and physical (Scheier & Carver, 1987; Scheier et al. 1989) well-being. The current study assessed 520 people placed into three age groups: young adult (n =149), middle-age adult (n = 252), and older adult (n = 119). The mean age for the young group was 19.24 (SD = 2.01), middle-aged (47.68 (SD = 4.75), and old was 71.99 (SD = 7.21). Data were submitted for a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) which tested for invariance across the age groups. Previous factor analyses have identified two distinct factors representing optimism and pessimism. Results from the CFA showed that both Configural and Metric invariance models demonstrated acceptable fit for the two factor model (□2(df=57) = 61.92, p = 0.3047; □2(df=69) = 78.77, p = 0.1974). In contrast, Scalar invariance resulted in a poor fit across the three age groups (□2(df=81) = 139.288, p &lt; 0.0001). Model comparisons revealed no significant differences between Configural and Metric models (□2(df=12) = 16.996, p = 0.1498). Model comparisons between Configural and Scalar and Metric and Scalar were (□2(df=24) = 78.947, p &lt; 0.0001; □2(df=12) = 61.764, p &lt; 0.0001). These results confirm previous research that shows a correlated two factor model consistent with the concept that optimism and pessimism are correlated elements rather than two ends of a continuum.
Cognitive Functioning When Retiring: Findings From a Swedish Population-Based Longitudinal Study
Authors: Zulka Linn Elena , Hansson Isabelle , Thorvaldsson Valgeir , Hassing Linda B 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The effects of retirement on cognition are still unclear and empirical evidence is conflicting. Especially for retirement from cognitively demanding jobs, positive as well as negative effects have been reported. Leisure activity engagement has been hypothesized to play an important role in explaining the mixed evidence. In this study, we examine the interplay between job demands before retirement and changes in leisure activities before and after retirement and their relation to post-retirement cognitive functioning. Using data from the HEalth, Aging and Retirement in Sweden (HEARTS) study, cognitive trajectories before and after retirement were modeled in a multi-level piecewise model (N = 2688 observations). Post-retirement memory and reasoning ability were predicted by self-reported work demands and changes in leisure activity engagement. Results imply a stable increase in memory over the retirement transition and less steep increase in abstract reasoning after retirement. Work demands and leisure activity participation were not related to post-retirement cognitive change. Job demands and leisure activity engagement may not play an important role for short-term post-retirement cognitive functioning. These findings support the conclusion that retirement, independent of prior work demands, does not affect cognitive functioning negatively.
Driving Cessation and Social Participation in Late Life: A Systematic Review
Authors: Qin Weidi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Driving cessation is a major life transition in late life, and can affect the quality of social life in older adults. The present study aims to systematically review the literature on how driving cessation affects social participation among older adults in the US. The study selection followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Extant literature published from 1990 to 2019 that examined driving cessation and social participation or social engagement among older adults in the US was searched using eight search engines: PsycINFO, CINAHL, SocIndex, AgeLine, MedLine, Scopus, Transportation Research Board Publication Index, and Cochrane Library. Quantitative studies that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. The assessment of methodological quality was also conducted for included studies. In total, seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Six of the included studies found significant relationships between driving cessation and at least one domain of social participation, such as volunteering, employment, leisure-time activities, and the frequency of contacts. However, the measures of social participation were inconsistent across studies, which might explain that no effects of driving cessation were found on the structure of social network, such as contacts with friends and extended family. There is a need to assist older adults in successfully transitioning to driving cessation and maintaining the social participation. The overall quality of included studies is moderate based on the assessment of risk of bias and confounding.
I Do Help: Older Adults as Digital Media Support Providers for Their Peers
Authors: Hunsaker Amanda , Nguyen Minh Hao , Fuchs Jaelle , Karaoglu Gökçe , Djukaric Teodora , Hargittai Eszter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Older adults include highly sophisticated digital media users among their numbers for whom diverse methods of using online technology are a daily occurrence. Given that some older adults are quite tech-savvy, it follows that they may also provide digital media support to others. This study examines technological support-giving abilities and experiences of older adults. We completed in-depth qualitative interviews with older adults (ages 59+) in Hungary, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Turkey (N=63) exploring: (1) whether older adults give digital media support and reasons for (not) doing so; (2) how older adults provide support and to whom; and (3) experiences of providing support with IT security specifically. The research team conducted consensus meetings to identify themes and coding schemes, and memo writing to share findings and ensure reliability across and within coders. Overall, a large number of our participants reported giving digital media support, primarily within their social circles. The kinds of help provided highly varied from navigating the Internet to choosing devices and managing security settings. We also find mutual support – support given to each other – an important domain for how people in this age group share assistance for technical problems. While some participants did not provide help with digital technology because they lacked confidence to do so, others believed they could, but were never asked. That such a prominent amount of support providers exist in this age group implies that peer-led technical support approaches may be especially salient and effective in helping older adults use digital media.
Are Differences in Bedtimes Bad for Relationships? Associations With Attachment and Conflict in Middle-Aged Couples
Authors: Novak Joshua , Wilson Stephanie 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A robust body of literature has found birdirectional associations between sleep quality and marital quality in couple relationships (Hasler & Troxel, 2010; Pearlin, 2010). Additionally, dyadic research shows that differences in couples’ bed time routines and habits is associated with mental health outcomes (Chen, 2018), however the literature has not connected them with other marital processes that are mutable and clinically relevant. Attachment theory provides a clinically relevant framework that captures both interpersonal marital processes such as relationship conflict as well intrapersonal processes of individual emotional safety—essentially individuals’ personal strategies to balance closeness and distance in a relationship (Feeney, 2002; Rhodes et al., 2001). The two main attachment styles related to sleep processes are attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety (Collins et al., 2002; Gun, 2015; Troxel, 2007). Utilizing data from 234 couple dyads, we investigated if differences in partners’ bed times is associated with conflict frequency and attachment avoidance using a structural equation modeling approach. We controlled for a number of important factors and tested our hypothesized model against two plausible alternative models. Results revealed that greater difference in partners’ bed times was associated with higher conflict frequency for both husbands and wives through higher men’s attachment avoidance. Our findings highlight previous research on matched vs. unmatched couples on sleep routines, habits, and chronotypes (both morning or night vs. different; Larson et al., 1991) but highlight mutable and clinically relevant constructs for intervention. Implications for health promotion and marital therapy will be discussed.
Urban Environmental Barriers and Facilities to Mobility and Participation for Older Mobility Device Users
Authors: Mortenson W Ben , Miller Bill , Mahmood Atiya , Routhier Francois , Labbe Delphine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Many people use mobility devices to get around. Unfortunately, these mobility device users frequently encounter environmental features and social practices that restrict mobility and social participation. For example, barriers in the built environment can exclude mobility devices users from certain spaces. They also report experiencing discrimination and stigma in the community. However, much of the research in this area has not examined the experiences of older mobility device users in a holistic manner. The purpose of our study was to explore the barriers and facilitators of mobility and participation among people who use wheeled mobility devices. This mixed-methods project used multiple participatory research methods including qualitative interviews, participant-led, community environmental audits, photovoice, mobility tracking using global positioning satellite data and building accessibility audits of participant nominated buildings. We used standardized tools to measure participants’ perceived, physical functioning, anxiety and depression, mobility and mobility device confidence among device users living. The study included 104 participants (64 from the Metro Vancouver and 41 from Quebec City). The primary mobility devices used included manual and power wheelchairs, mobility scooters, canes, crutches and walkers. On average, participants were 58 years of age and 53% were female. Our analysis revealed four main themes: 1) wayfinding challenges; 2) barriers and facilitators in the built environment; 3) the influence of social practices; and 4) temporal and climatic fluctuations. Our findings identified policies and changeable features in the built and social environment that restrict accessibility, which could be remedied by working collaboratively with municipalities and service providers.
Care2Caregiver: A Peer Support Helpline for Caregivers of Persons Living With Dementia
Authors: Zechner Michelle , Swarbrick Margaret , Lundquist Mary-Catherine 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Caregivers of persons with Alzheimer’s disease and Related Dementia (CADRD) provide a significant amount of support to their family members, however, experience many challenges and stress that impacts their quality of life, emotional and physical well-being. They also have difficulty accessing services. Peers supporters, or CADRD with specialized training, are an important resource to help alleviate stress related to caregiving and focus on wellbeing, yet few studies have examined peer support. Our retrospective cohort study examined four years of data collected from a peer support helpline for CADRD in a northeastern state. Data included: demographics, presenting issues, services provided to assess for changes across time and call frequency. The Peer Specialists were CADRD who received specialized training and supervision to provide telephonic peer support. Caregivers were primarily female, and the average age of caller increased significantly over time. Issues related to personal emotional wellbeing was the primary reason for the call. The primary type of support provided was peer support interactions, follow-up calls, and links to resources focused on caregiver well-being. Callers reported distress from offering care to multiple recipients. Electronic follow-up (e.g. email and chat) increased over time. Peer support helpline programs have the potential to address the practical, physical, social and emotional needs of CADRD in the location of the caregiver choice. This model has potential to reach the growing number CADRDs via an array of web-based services including chat, email and online support, which can help overcome transportation and other logistical barriers to support.