bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Assessment of Retrieval Methods for Canopy Far‐Red Solar‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Using High‐Frequency Automated Field Spectroscopy
Authors: Chang Christine Y. , Guanter Luis , Frankenberg Christian , Köhler Philipp , Gu Lianhong , Magney Troy S. , Grossmann Katja , Sun Ying 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRemote sensing of solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) offers potential to infer photosynthesis across scales and biomes. Many retrieval methods have been developed to estimate top‐of‐canopy SIF using ground‐based spectroscopy. However, inconsistencies among methods may confound interpretation of SIF dynamics, eco‐physiological/environmental drivers, and its relationship with photosynthesis. Using high temporal‐ and spectral resolution ground‐based spectroscopy, we aimed to (1) evaluate performance of SIF retrieval methods under diverse sky conditions using continuous field measurements; (2) assess method sensitivity to fluctuating light, reflectance, and fluorescence emission spectra; and (3) inform users for optimal ground‐based SIF retrieval. Analysis included field measurements from bi‐hemispherical and hemispherical‐conical systems and synthetic upwelling radiance constructed from measured downwelling radiance, simulated reflectance, and simulated fluorescence for benchmarking. Fraunhofer‐based differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) and singular vector decomposition (SVD) retrievals exhibit convergent SIF‐PAR relationships and diurnal consistency across different sky conditions, while O2A‐based spectral fitting method (SFM), SVD, and modified Fraunhofer line discrimination (3FLD) exhibit divergent SIF‐PAR relationships across sky conditions. Such behavior holds across system configurations, though hemispherical‐conical systems diverge less across sky conditions. O2A retrieval accuracy, influenced by atmospheric distortion, improves with a narrower fitting window and when training SVD with temporally local spectra. This may impact SIF‐photosynthesis relationships interpreted by previous studies using O2A‐based retrievals with standard (759–767.76 nm) fitting windows. Fraunhofer‐based retrievals resist atmospheric impacts but are noisier and more sensitive to assumed SIF spectral shape than O2A‐based retrievals. We recommend SVD or SFM using reduced fitting window (759.5–761.5 nm) for robust far‐red SIF retrievals across sky conditions.
Outgoing Near‐Infrared Radiation From Vegetation Scales With Canopy Photosynthesis Across a Spectrum of Function, Structure, Physiological Capacity, and Weather
Authors: Baldocchi Dennis D. , Ryu Youngryel , Dechant Benjamin , Eichelmann Elke , Hemes Kyle , Ma Siyan , Sanchez Camilo Rey , Shortt Robert , Szutu Daphne , Valach Alex , Verfaillie Joe , Badgley Grayson , Zeng Yelu , Berry Joseph A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe test the relationship between canopy photosynthesis and reflected near‐infrared radiation from vegetation across a range of functional (photosynthetic pathway and capacity) and structural conditions (leaf area index, fraction of green and dead leaves, canopy height, reproductive stage, and leaf angle inclination), weather conditions, and years using a network of field sites from across central California. We based our analysis on direct measurements of canopy photosynthesis, with eddy covariance, and measurements of reflected near‐infrared and red radiation from vegetation, with light‐emitting diode sensors. And we interpreted the observed relationships between photosynthesis and reflected near‐infrared radiation using simulations based on the multilayer, biophysical model, CanVeg. Measurements of reflected near‐infrared radiation were highly correlated with measurements of canopy photosynthesis on half‐hourly, daily, seasonal, annual, and decadal time scales across the wide range of function and structure and weather conditions. Slopes of the regression between canopy photosynthesis and reflected near‐infrared radiation were greatest for the fertilized and irrigated C4 corn crop, intermediate for the C3 tules on nutrient‐rich organic soil and nitrogen fixing alfalfa, and least for the native annual grasslands and oak savanna on nutrient‐poor, mineral soils. Reflected near‐infrared radiation from vegetation has several advantages over other remotely sensed vegetation indices that are used to infer canopy photosynthesis; it does not saturate at high leaf area indices, it is insensitive to the presence of dead legacy vegetation, the sensors are inexpensive, and the reflectance signal is strong. Hence, information on reflected near‐infrared radiation from vegetation may have utility in monitoring carbon assimilation in carbon sequestration projects or on microsatellites orbiting Earth for precision agriculture applications.
Ensemble‐Based Neural Network Modeling for Hydrologic Forecasts: Addressing Uncertainty in the Model Structure and Input Variable Selection
Authors: Kim Taereem , Shin Ju‐Young , Kim Hanbeen , Heo Jun‐Haeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractArtificial neural networks (ANNs) have been extensively used to forecast monthly precipitation for water resources management over the past few decades. Efforts to produce more accurate and stable forecasts face ongoing challenges as the so‐called single‐ANN (S‐ANN) approach has several limitations, particularly regarding uncertainty. Many attempts have been made to deal with different types of uncertainties by applying ensemble approaches. Here, we propose a new ANN ensemble model (ANN‐ENS) dealing with uncertainty in model structure and input variable selection to provide a more accurate and stable forecasting performance. This model is structured by generating various input layers, considering all the candidate input variables (i.e.,large‐scale climate indices and lagged precipitation). We developed a modified backward elimination method to select the preliminary input variables from all the candidate input variables. Then, we tested and validated the proposed ANN‐ENS using observed monthly precipitation from 10 meteorological stations in the Han River basin, South Korea. Our results demonstrated that the ANN‐ENS enhanced the forecasting performance in terms of both accuracy and stability. Although a significant uncertainty was introduced by using all the candidate input variables, the forecasting result outperformed S‐ANNs for all employed stations. Additionally, the ANN‐ENS provided a more stable forecasting performance in comparison with S‐ANNs, which are highly sensitive. Moreover, the generated ensemble members were slightly biased at some stations but were generally reliable.
Assessing Origins of End‐Triassic Tholeiites From Eastern North America Using Hafnium Isotopes
Authors: Elkins Lynne J. , Meyzen Christine M. , Callegaro Sara , Marzoli Andrea , Bizimis Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe driving processes responsible for producing the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, the Large Igneous Province associated with end‐Triassic rifting of Pangea, remain largely debated. Because their compositions encompass most of the Central Atlantic basalt spectrum, tholeiites from southern Eastern North America are considered pivotal for identifying magma origins. New 176Hf/177Hf measurements for 201 Ma Eastern North American tholeiites dominantly record a local petrogenetic history. Their εHf ratios, corrected to an emplacement age of 201 Ma (−7.85 to +5.86), form a positive but shallowly sloped array slightly deviating from the terrestrial array on a εHf versus εNd diagram. Comparison of 176Hf/177Hf to other isotope ratios and trace elements helps to rule out several petrogenetic scenarios, particularly mixing of melts from global depleted or enriched mantle components. In contrast, partial melting of subduction‐metasomatized mantle can explain the parental magma composition for southern Eastern North America. Such metasomatism likely occurred during Paleozoic subduction around Pangea and may have been dominated by sediment‐derived fluid reactions. The observed 176Hf/177Hf versus 143Nd/144Nd array may reflect subsequent assimilation of lower continental crust, perhaps together with limited direct melting of recycled continental crust in the asthenosphere. The proposed recycling scenario does not specifically support or preclude a mantle plume origin for the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province but instead points toward the presence of a distinct local mantle source and crustal assimilation processes during magma transport. Detailed understanding of these local effects is needed in order to more accurately understand the origins of Large Igneous Provinces.
Strength and Spatial Structure of the Perturbation Induced by a Tropical Cyclone to the Underlying Eddies
Authors: Lu Zhumin , Wang Guihua , Shang Xiaodong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA tropical cyclone (TC) induces the oceanic geostrophic response, which perturbs the underlying ocean eddy field. This study investigates the strength and spatial structure of isopycnal undulations and potential vorticity (PV) changes linked with the geostrophic response by use of a linear, two‐layer theory and an OGCM. It is found that the strength and cross‐track length scale of the geostrophic response are well compared with those of background eddies, highlighting the ability of a TC to perturb underlying ocean eddies. More importantly, the TC‐induced PV perturbation is confined within the thermocline between 100 and 300 m depth, causing the 3D quasi‐geostrophic evolution of the perturbed eddies. The length scale of upwelling perturbation (which is ~130 km) is larger than that of PV response (~50 km). This scale disparity means that the patterns of the TC‐induced perturbations are subject to eddy‐TC separation distance. Consequently, the perturbation of a TC to an eddy is significant (negligible) when the eddy‐TC separation distance is less than 80 km (larger than 200 km). This study provides a starting point for understanding the TC‐induced 3D evolution of the perturbed ocean eddy field.
Soundscape of a Narwhal Summering Ground in a Glacier Fjord (Inglefield Bredning, Greenland)
Authors: Podolskiy Evgeny A. , Sugiyama Shin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNarwhal acoustic phonation is embedded in the icy cacophony of one of the noisiest soundscapes in the ocean. The high susceptibility of the narwhal to climate change highlights the need for further efforts to document baseline descriptions of the sounds it produces, especially given the potential anthropogenic impacts on their habitats. However, observations are rare, and narwhal acoustic behavior and habitats are poorly understood (attributed to both the skittish nature of hard‐to‐approach narwhals and the difficult access to remote and often dangerous glacier fjords). Here, we provide acoustic measurements in a narwhal summering ground in glacial fjords in Northwest Greenland that were mainly collected during Inuit hunting expeditions. This unique observational strategy near a key narwhal hot spot allowed the acquisition of supervised near‐source recordings of narwhal vocalizations, which confirms the animal's presence within several hundred meters of an actively calving Bowdoin Glacier. We accurately describe the acoustic signals and noise related to the cetacean, environmental, and anthropogenic sources, show previously unreported signals and their properties, report elevated background noise levels near the calving front, and discuss the general soundscape features of a glacier fjord. The baseline information presented here should encourage long‐term follow‐up acoustic monitoring in the area and provides an important reference for comparisons with future conditions and other regions. We also anticipate that our work will be a starting point both for the development of criteria to distinguish pulsed calls from terminal buzzes and for a thorough discussion of the dual use of passive acoustic monitoring in traditional hunting practices.
High-speed femtosecond laser plasmonic lithography and reduction of graphene oxide for anisotropic photoresponse
Authors: Zou Tingting , Zhao Bo , Xin Wei , Wang Ye , Wang Bin , Zheng Xin , Xie Hongbo , Zhang Zhiyu , Yang Jianjun , Guo Chunlei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMicro/nanoprocessing of graphene surfaces has attracted significant interest for both science and applications due to its effective modulation of material properties, which, however, is usually restricted by the disadvantages of the current fabrication methods. Here, by exploiting cylindrical focusing of a femtosecond laser on graphene oxide (GO) films, we successfully produce uniform subwavelength grating structures at high speed along with a simultaneous in situ photoreduction process. Strikingly, the well-defined structures feature orientations parallel to the laser polarization and significant robustness against distinct perturbations. The proposed model and simulations reveal that the structure formation is based on the transverse electric (TE) surface plasmons triggered by the gradient reduction of the GO film from its surface to the interior, which eventually results in interference intensity fringes and spatially periodic interactions. Further experiments prove that such a regular structured surface can cause enhanced optical absorption (>20%) and an anisotropic photoresponse (~0.46 ratio) for the reduced GO film. Our work not only provides new insights into understanding the laser-GO interaction but also lays a solid foundation for practical usage of femtosecond laser plasmonic lithography, with the prospect of expansion to other two-dimensional materials for novel device applications.
Visible light communication with efficient far-red/near-infrared polymer light-emitting diodes
Authors: Minotto Alessandro , Haigh Paul A. , Łukasiewicz Łukasz G. , Lunedei Eugenio , Gryko Daniel T. , Darwazeh Izzat , Cacialli Franco 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVisible light communication (VLC) is a wireless technology that relies on optical intensity modulation and is potentially a game changer for internet-of-things (IoT) connectivity. However, VLC is hindered by the low penetration depth of visible light in non-transparent media. One solution is to extend operation into the “nearly (in)visible” near-infrared (NIR, 700–1000 nm) region, thus also enabling VLC in photonic bio-applications, considering the biological tissue NIR semitransparency, while conveniently retaining vestigial red emission to help check the link operativity by simple eye inspection. Here, we report new far-red/NIR organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with a 650–800 nm emission range and external quantum efficiencies among the highest reported in this spectral range (>2.7%, with maximum radiance and luminance of 3.5 mW/cm2 and 260 cd/m2, respectively). With these OLEDs, we then demonstrate a “real-time” VLC setup achieving a data rate of 2.2 Mb/s, which satisfies the requirements for IoT and biosensing applications. These are the highest rates ever reported for an online unequalised VLC link based on solution-processed OLEDs.
Ionomycin ameliorates hypophosphatasia via rescuing alkaline phosphatase deficiency-mediated L-type Ca2+ channel internalization in mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Li Bei , He Xiaoning , Dong Zhiwei , Xuan Kun , Sun Wei , Gao Li , Liu Shiyu , Liu Wenjia , Hu Chenghu , Zhao Yimin , Shi Songtao , Jin Yan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe loss-of-function mutations in the ALPL result in hypophosphatasia (HPP), an inborn metabolic disorder that causes skeletal mineralization defects. In adults, the main clinical features are early loss of primary or secondary teeth, osteoporosis, bone pain, chondrocalcinosis, and fractures. However, guidelines for the treatment of adults with HPP are not available. Here, we show that ALPL deficiency caused a reduction in intracellular Ca2+influx, resulting in an osteoporotic phenotype due to downregulated osteogenic differentiation and upregulated adipogenic differentiation in both human and mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Increasing the intracellular level of calcium in BMSCs by ionomycin treatment rescued the osteoporotic phenotype inalpl+/−mice and BMSC-specific (Prrx1-alpl−/−) conditional alpl knockout mice. Mechanistically, ALPL was found to be required for the maintenance of intracellular Ca2+influx, which it achieves by regulating L-type Ca2+channel trafficking via binding to the α2δ subunits to regulate the internalization of the L-type Ca2+channel. Decreased Ca2+flux inactivates the Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, which regulates lineage differentiation of BMSCs. This study identifies a previously unknown role of the ectoenzyme ALPL in the maintenance of calcium channel trafficking to regulate stem cell lineage differentiation and bone homeostasis. Accelerating Ca2+flux through L-type Ca2+channels by ionomycin treatment may be a promising therapeutic approach for adult patients with HPP.
Trends in cervical cancer incidence in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Jedy-Agba Elima , Joko Walburga Yvonne , Liu Biying , Buziba Nathan Gyabi , Borok Margaret , Korir Anne , Masamba Leo , Manraj Shyam Shunker , Finesse Anne , Wabinga Henry , Somdyala Nontuthuzelo , Parkin Donald Maxwell 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Methods
Trends in the incidence of cervical cancer are examined for a period of 10–25 years in 10 population-based cancer registries across eight SSA countries (Gambia, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Seychelles, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe). A total of 21,990 cases of cervical cancer were included in the analyses.

Results
Incidence rates had increased in all registries for some or all of the periods studied, except for Mauritius with a constant annual 2.5% decline. Eastern Cape and Blantyre (Malawi) registries showed significant increases over time, with the most rapid being in Blantyre (7.9% annually). In Kampala (Uganda), a significant increase was noted (2.2%) until 2006, followed by a non-significant decline. In Eldoret, a decrease (1998–2002) was followed by a significant increase (9.5%) from 2002 to 2016.

Conclusion
Overall, cervical cancer incidence has been increasing in SSA. The current high-level advocacy to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in SSA needs to be translated into support for prevention (vaccination against human papillomavirus and population-wide screening), with careful monitoring of results through population-based registries.
LncRNA-HNF1A-AS1 functions as a competing endogenous RNA to activate PI3K/AKT signalling pathway by sponging miR-30b-3p in gastric cancer
Authors: Liu Hai-Ting , Ma Ran-Ran , Lv Bei-Bei , Zhang Hui , Shi Duan-Bo , Guo Xiang-Yu , Zhang Guo-Hao , Gao Peng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Accumulating evidence demonstrated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) played important regulatory roles in many cancer types. However, the role of lncRNAs in gastric cancer (GC) progression remains unclear.

Methods
RT-qPCR assay was performed to detect the expression of HNF1A-AS1 in gastric cancer tissues and the non-tumourous gastric mucosa. Overexpression and RNA interference approaches were used to investigate the effects of HNF1A-AS1 on GC cells. Insight into competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms was gained via bioinformatics analysis, luciferase assays and an RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay, RNA-FISH co-localisation analysis combined with microRNA (miRNA)-pulldown assay.

Results
This study displayed that revealed expression of HNF1A-AS1 was associated with positive lymph node metastasis in GC. Moreover, HNF1A-AS1 significantly promoted gastric cancer invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In addition, HNF1A-AS1 was demonstrated to function as a ceRNA for miR-30b-3p. HNF1A-AS1 abolished the function of the miRNA-30b-3p and resulted in the derepression of its target, PIK3CD, which is a core oncogene involved in the progression of GC.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that HNF1A-AS1 worked as a ceRNA and promoted PI3K/AKT signalling pathway-mediated GC metastasis by sponging miR-30b-3p, offering novel insights of the metastasis mechanism in GC.
11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1: a new marker for predicting response to immune-checkpoint blockade therapy in non-small-cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Saito Ryoko , Miki Yasuhiro , Abe Takuto , Miyauchi Eisaku , Abe Jiro , Nanamiya Ren , Inoue Chihiro , Sato Ikuro , Sasano Hironobu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Understanding the status of intratumoural immune microenvironment is necessary to ensure the efficacy of immune-checkpoint (IC) blockade therapy. Cortisol plays pivotal roles in glucocorticoid interactions in the immune system. We examined the correlation between intratumourally synthesised cortisol through 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) 1 and the immune microenvironment in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).

Methods
We correlated 11βHSD1 immunoreactivity in 125 cases of NSCLC with the amount of intratumoural immune cells present, and 11βHSD1 immunoreactivity with the efficacy of IC blockade therapy in 18 specimens of NSCLC patients. In vitro studies were performed to validate the immunohistochemical examination.

Results
11βHSD1 immunoreactivity showed a significant inverse correlation with the number of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and CD3- or CD8-positive T cells. 11βHSD1 immunoreactivity tended to be inversely correlated with the clinical efficacy of the IC blockade therapy. In vitro studies revealed that 11βHSD1 promoted the intratumoural synthesis of cortisol. This resulted in a decrease in cytokines and in the inhibition of monocyte migration.

Conclusions
Our study is the first report clarifying the inhibitory effects of intratumourally synthesised cortisol through 11βHSD1 on immune cell migration. We propose that the response to IC blockade therapy in NSCLC may be predicted by 11βHSD1.
Clinically high-risk breast cancer displays markedly discordant molecular risk predictions between the MammaPrint and EndoPredict tests
Authors: Jahn Stephan Wenzel , Bösl Andreas , Tsybrovskyy Oleksiy , Gruber-Rossipal Christine , Helfgott Ruth , Fitzal Florian , Knauer Michael , Balic Marija , Jasarevic Zerina , Offner Felix , Moinfar Farid 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInter-test concordance between the MammaPrint and the EndoPredict tests used to predict the risk of recurrence in breast cancer was evaluated in 94 oestrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancers. We correlated histopathological data with clinical risk estimation as defined in the MINDACT trial. 42.6% (40/94) of cases were high-risk by MammaPrint, 44.7% (42/94) by EndoPredict (EPclin), and 45.7% (43/94) by clinical risk definition. Thirty-six percent of genomic risk predictions were discordant with a low inter-test correlation between EndoPredict and MammaPrint (p = 0.012; κ = 0.27, 95% CI [0.069, 0.46]). Clinical risk stratification did not correlate with MammaPrint (p = 0.476) but highly correlated with EndoPredict (p < 0.001). Consequently, clinically high-risk tumours (n = 43) were more frequently high-risk by EndoPredict than by MammaPrint (76.6% vs. 46.5%, p = 0.004), with 44% of cases discordantly classified and no significant association between genomic risk predictions (p = 0.294). Clinicians need to be aware that clinical pre-stratification can profoundly influence multigenomic test performance.