bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated approach for estimation of grade groups for prostate cancer based on histological image feature analysis
Authors: Hossain Alamgir , Arimura Hidetaka , Kinoshita Fumio , Ninomiya Kenta , Watanabe Sumiko , Imada Kenjiro , Koyanagi Ryoma , Oda Yoshinao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is a low reproducibility of the Gleason scores that determine the grade group of prostate cancer given the intra‐ and interobserver variability among pathologists. This study aimed to develop an automated approach for estimating prostate cancer grade groups based on features obtained from histological image analysis.MethodsFifty‐nine patients who underwent radical prostatectomy were selected under the approval of the institutional review board of our university hospital. For estimation, we followed the grade group criteria provided by the International Society of Urological Pathology in 2014. One hundred eight specimen slides obtained from the patients were digitized to extract 110 regions of interest (ROI) from hematoxylin and eosin‐stained histological images using a digital whole slide scanner at ×20 magnification with a pixel size of 0.4 μm. Each color pixel value in the ROI was decomposed into six intensities corresponding to the RGB (red, green, and blue) and HSV (hue, saturation, and value) color models. Image features were extracted by histological image analysis, obtaining 54 features from the ROI based on histogram and texture analyses in the six types of decomposed histological images. Then, 40 representative features were selected from the 324 histological image features based on statistically significant differences (P < .05) between the mean image feature values for high (≥3, Gleason score ≥4 + 3) and low (≤2, Gleason score ≤3 + 4) grade groups. The relationship between grade groups and the most representative image feature (ie, complexity) was approximated using regression to estimate real‐number grade groups defined by continuous numerical grading. Finally, the grade groups were expressed as the conventional grade groups (ie, integers from 1 to 5) using a piecewise step function.ResultsThe grade groups were correctly estimated by the proposed approach without errors on training (70 ROIs) and validation (40 ROIs) data.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the proposed approach may support pathologists during the evaluation of grade groups for prostate cancer, thus mitigating intra‐ and interobserver variability.
Overall, specific, and metastasis‐free survival of Afro‐Caribbean men with pathological Gleason 6 prostate cancer
Authors: Mollard Philippe , Perrot Emmanuel , Blanchet Pascal , Brureau Laurent 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies in the Caucasian population have shown that patients with Gleason 6 prostate cancer, based on surgical specimens, have low or no risk of metastasis. However, there is no data for men of African ancestry. The objective of this study was to estimate the overall, specific, and metastasis‐free survival (MFS) of patients with a Gleason 6 score, based on the surgical specimen.Patients and MethodsThis was a monocentric retrospective study that included 723 consecutive patients treated by radical prostatectomy between 1 January 1 2000 and 31 March 2018, with a Gleason score of 6 based on the surgical specimen. Specific survival (SS) was defined as the time elapsed between surgery and death attributed to prostate cancer. Overall survival was defined as the time elapsed between surgery and death from all causes. The causes of death were verified in the medical records.Survival analyses without biochemical recurrence (BCR) and without salvage treatment were performed according to the Kaplan–Meier method. The Cox model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsIn total, 691 patients were included because 32 were excluded for missing data.Overall 5‐ and 10‐year survival was 94.2% and 87.1%, respectively. SS and MFS were 100%, with a median follow‐up of 8.5 years. The BCR rate was 16.5%, with a median time to BCR of 5.1 years. The frequency of salvage treatment was 13.0%, with a median time to surgery of 7.3 years. In univariate analysis, PSA, pathological stage, seminal vesicle invasion, positive margins, and lymph node dissection were significantly associated with an increased risk of BCR and salvage treatment, but only PSA and positive margins were significantly associated by multivariate analysis.Discussion/ConclusionNo metastasis or disease‐specific deaths were observed for men with Gleason score ≤6 prostate cancer at radical prostatectomy, in particular, men of African ancestry.
ProDCoNN: Protein design using a convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Chen Yang , Wang Chenran , Lo Chun‐Chao , Liu Xiuwen , Wu Wei , Zhang Jinfeng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDesigning protein sequences that fold to a given three‐dimensional (3D) structure has long been a challenging problem in computational structural biology with significant theoretical and practical implications. In this study, we first formulated this problem as predicting the residue type given the 3D structural environment around the C
α atom of a residue, which is repeated for each residue of a protein. We designed a nine‐layer 3D deep convolutional neural network (CNN) that takes as input a gridded box with the atomic coordinates and types around a residue. Several CNN layers were designed to capture structure information at different scales, such as bond lengths, bond angles, torsion angles, and secondary structures. Trained on a very large number of protein structures, the method, called ProDCoNN (protein design with CNN), achieved state‐of‐the‐art performance when tested on large numbers of test proteins and benchmark datasets.
Weed seed bank dynamics responses to long‐term chemical control in a rice–wheat cropping system
Authors: Gao Pinglei , Zhang Zheng , Shen Junming , Mao Yuxiang , Wei Shouhui , Wei Jiguang , Zuo Ranling , Li Ruhai , Song Xiaoling , Qiang Sheng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt remains an open question if the long‐term application of single chemical herbicides would inevitably lead to increased weed populations and result in out‐of‐control weeds. The annual dynamics of weed seed bank responses to different weeding measures (chemical herbicide, hand weeding and no weeding) in rice–wheat cropping systems were compared to observe the succession of weed communities under different weed selection pressures for 17 years.RESULTSIn unweeded rice–wheat cropping plots, the initially dominant broadleaf weeds were overtaken by grasses and eventually by sedges, while in plots subjected to chemical herbicide or hand weeding, broadleaf weeds remained dominant followed by grasses. The rice–wheat cropping system favoured the spread of paddy weed species; weeding had little effect on the composition of the dominant rice weeds but greatly influenced that of wheat weeds. Total seed density tended to decrease in both weeded and unweeded plots, but the species density and composition of the seed banks differed among plots treated differently. Weeding slightly increased weed species diversity and decreased weed community evenness and dominance in the first several years, but this scenario could have negative consequences in the long term; however, without weeding, stronger interspecific competition led to a decrease in weed species diversity whereas weed community evenness and dominance increased.CONCLUSIONLong‐term and repeated application of pre‐emergence chemical herbicides and hand weeding had similar effects on the weed community dynamics, indicating that exclusive application of pre‐emergence herbicide could maintain the weed community at a durable relatively low infestation level. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Txp40, a protein from Photorhabdus akhurstii, conferred potent insecticidal activity against the larvae of Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura and S. exigua
Authors: Shankhu Prakash Y , Mathur Chetna , Mandal Abhishek , Sagar Doddachowdappa , Somvanshi Vishal S , Dutta Tushar K 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDTxp40, a 37 kDa protein, previously characterized from the Gram‐negative bacterium Photorhabdus akhurstii (symbiotically associates with insect‐parasitic nematode, Heterorhabditis indica), conferred insecticidal activity against Galleria mellonella. Here, the biological activity of Txp40 was evaluated against economically important insects, including Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura and S. exigua.RESULTSWhen both intra‐hemocoel injected and orally fed to test insects, comparatively greater oral LD50 (187.7–522 ng g−1) than injection LD50 (32.33–150.6 ng g−1) was obtained with Txp40 derived from P. akhurstii strain IARI‐SGMG3. Injection of purified Txp40 caused a dose‐dependent reduction in the total circulatory hemocytes and hemocyte viability of fourth‐instar larvae of the test insects at 12 h post incubation; unlike healthy cells toxin‐treated ones displayed aggregated distribution. Injection of Txp40 significantly elevated the phenoloxidase activity of insect hemolymph, which potentially led to unrestrained melanization reaction and ultimately larval death. Histological analyses showed the primary site of action of Txp40 in the insect midgut. Extensive damage to midgut epithelium 24 h after injection of the Txp40 explains the access of the toxin from hemocoel to midgut via leaky septate junctions. In silico analyses suggested that Txp40 can potentially interact with H. armigera midgut receptor proteins cadherin, ATP‐binding cassettes, aminopeptidase N1 and alkaline phosphatase to exert toxicity.CONCLUSIONWe propose Txp40 as an attractive alternative to Cry toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis, the transgenic expression of which is reported to cause resistance development in insects. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Non‐target‐site resistance to PDS‐inhibiting herbicides in a wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) population
Authors: Lu Huan , Yu Qin , Han Heping , Owen Mechelle J , Powles Stephen B 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiflufenican resistance has been reported in wild radish populations since 1998, but the resistance mechanisms have not been investigated. Recently, we identified a wild radish population (H2/10) from the Western Australian grain belt that is resistant (R) to the phytoene desaturase (PDS)‐inhibiting herbicide diflufenican.RESULTSDose–response results showed this R population is 4.9‐fold more resistant than the susceptible (S) population based on the LD50 R/S ratio. In addition, the R population also exhibits cross‐resistance to the PDS‐inhibiting herbicide fluridone. The cytochrome P450 inhibitor malathion reversed diflufenican resistance and partially reversed fluridone resistance in the R population. The full coding sequences of the PDS gene were cloned from the S and R plants and there are natural variations in the PDS gene transcripts/alleles with no correlation to resistance. In addition, the R plants had a level of PDS gene expression that is not significantly different from the S plants.CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrated that diflufenican resistance in this R wild radish population is likely due to non‐target‐site based enhanced herbicide metabolism involving cytochrome P450s. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality applications in orthopedic surgery
Authors: Verhey Jens T. , Haglin Jack M. , Verhey Erik M. , Hartigan David E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundInnovation in computer‐assisted surgery (CAS) aims to increase operative accuracy and improve safety by decreasing procedure‐related complications. The application of reality technologies, to CAS has begun to revolutionize orthopedic training and practice.MethodsFor this review, relevant published reports were found via searches of Medline (PubMed) data base using the following medical subject headings (MeSH) terms: “virtual reality” or “augmented reality” or “mixed reality” with “orthopedics” or “orthopedic surgery” and all relevant reports we utilized.ResultsTrainees now have authentic and highly interactive operative simulations without the need for supervision. The practicing orthopedic surgeon is better able to pre‐operatively plan and intra‐operatively navigate without the use of fluoroscopy, gain access to three‐dimensional reconstructions of patient imaging, and remotely interact with colleagues located outside the operating room.ConclusionThis review provides a current and comprehensive examination of the reality technologies and their applications in Orthopedic surgery.
Circulating Exosomal miR‐20b‐5p Inhibition Restores Wnt9b Signaling and Reverses Diabetes‐Associated Impaired Wound Healing
Authors: Xiong Yuan , Chen Lang , Yan Chenchen , Zhou Wu , Endo Yori , Liu Jing , Hu Liangcong , Hu Yiqiang , Mi Bobin , Liu Guohui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAt present, developing therapeutic strategies to improve wound healing in individuals with diabetes remains challenging. Exosomes represent a promising nanomaterial from which microRNAs (miRNAs) can be isolated. These miRNAs have the potential to exert therapeutic effects, and thus, determining the potential therapeutic contributions of specific miRNAs circulating in exosomes is of great importance. In the present study, circulating exosomal miRNAs are identified in diabetic patients and assessed for their roles in the context of diabetic wound healing. A significant upregulation of miR‐20b‐5p is observed in exosomes isolated from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and this miRNA is able to suppress human umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenesis via regulation of Wnt9b/β‐catenin signaling. It is found that the application of either miR‐20b‐5p or diabetic exosomes to wound sites is sufficient to slow wound healing and angiogenesis. In diabetic mice, it is found that knocking out miR‐20b‐5p significantly enhances wound healing and promotes wound angiogenesis. Together, these findings thus provide strong evidence that miR‐20b‐5p is highly enriched in exosomes from patients with T2DM and can be transferred to cells of the vascular endothelium, where it targets Wnt9b signaling to negatively regulate cell functionality and angiogenesis.
Heterogeneous Cubic Multidimensional Integrated Circuit for Water and Food Security in Fish Farming Ponds
Authors: El‐Atab Nazek , Almansour Reema , Alhazzany Alhanouf , Suwaidan Reema , Alghamdi Yara , Babatain Wedyan , Shaikh Sohail F. , Khan Sherjeel M. , Qaiser Nadeem , Hussain Muhammad Mustafa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAmong major food production sectors, world aquaculture shows the highest growth rate, providing more than 50% of the global seafood market. However, water pollution in fish farming ponds is regarded as the leading cause of fish death and financial losses in the market. Here, an Internet of Things system based on a cubic multidimensional integration of circuit (MD‐IC) is demonstrated for water and food security applications in fish farming ponds. Both faces of the silicon substrate are used for thin‐film‐based device fabrication. The devices are interconnected via through‐silicon‐vias, resulting in a bifacial complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor‐compatible electronics system. The demonstrated cubic MD‐IC is a complete, small, and lightweight system that can be easily deployed by farmers with no need for specialists. The system integrates on its outer sides simultaneous air and water quality monitoring devices (temperature, electrical conductivity, ammonia, and pH sensors), solar cells for energy‐harvesting, and antenna for real‐time data‐transfer, while data‐management circuitry and a solid‐state battery are integrated on its internal faces. Microfluidic cooling technology is used for thermal management in the MD‐IC. Finally, a biofriendly polymeric encapsulation is used to waterproof the embedded electronics, improve the mechanical robustness, and allow the system to float on the surface of the water.
Microsphere‐Like SiO2/MXene Hybrid Material Enabling High Performance Anode for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Mu Ge , Mu Daobin , Wu Borong , Ma Chengwei , Bi Jiaying , Zhang Ling , Yang Hao , Wu Feng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTo address the non‐negligible volume expansion and the inherent poor electronic conductivity of silica (SiO2) material, microsphere‐like SiO2/MXene hybrid material is designed and successfully synthesized through the combination of the Stöber method and spray drying. The SiO2 nanoparticles are firmly anchored on the laminated MXene by the bonding effect, which boosts the structural stability during the long‐term cycling process. The MXene matrix not only possesses high elasticity to buffer the volume variation of SiO2 nanoparticles, but also promotes the transfer of electrons and lithium ions. Moreover, the microsphere wrapped with ductile MXene film reduces the specific surface area, relieves the side reactions, and enhances the coulombic efficiency. Therefore, superior electrochemical performance including high reversible capacity, outstanding cycle stability, high coulombic efficiency, especially in the first cycle, excellent rate capability as well as high areal capacity are acquired for SiO2/MXene microspheres anode.
Collaborative Design of Hollow Nanocubes, In Situ Cross‐Linked Binder, and Amorphous Void@SiOx@C as a Three‐Pronged Strategy for Ultrastable Lithium Storage
Authors: He Donglin , Li Ping , Wang Wei (Alex) , Wan Qi , Zhang Jian , Xi Kai , Ma Xiumei , Liu Zhiwei , Zhang Lin , Qu Xuanhui 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAlthough silicon‐based materials are ideal candidate anodes for high energy density lithium‐ion batteries, the large volumetric expansion seriously damages the integrity of the electrodes and impedes commercial processes. Reasonable electrode design based on adjustable structures of silicon and strong binders prepared by a facile method is still a great challenge. Herein, a three‐pronged collaborative strategy via hollow nanocubes, amorphous Void@SiOx@C, and in situ cross‐linked polyacrylic acid and d‐sorbitol 3D network binder (c‐PAA‐DS) is adopted to maintain structural/electrode integrality and stability. The all‐integrated c‐PAA‐DS/Void@SiOx@C electrode delivers excellent mechanical property, which is attributed to ductility of the c‐PAA‐DS binder and high adhesion energy between Void@SiOx@C and c‐PAA‐DS calculated by density functional theory. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of accommodation of the hollow structure, protection of outer carbon shell, amorphous Void@SiOx@C, and strong adhesive c‐PAA‐DS binder, c‐PAA‐DS/Void@SiOx@C shows excellent electrochemical performance. Long cycling stability with a reversible capacity of 696 mAh g−1 is obtained, as well as tiny capacity decay after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g−1 and high‐rate performance. The prelithiated Void@SiOx@C||LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) full cell is also assembled and shows a reversible capacity of 157 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C, delivering an excellent capacity retention of 94% after 160 cycles.
Edge‐Epitaxial Growth of InSe Nanowires toward High‐Performance Photodetectors
Authors: Hao Song , Yan Shengnan , Wang Yang , Xu Tao , Zhang Hui , Cong Xin , Li Lingfei , Liu Xiaowei , Cao Tianjun , Gao Anyuan , Zhang Lili , Jia Lanxin , Long Mingsheng , Hu Weida , Wang Xiaomu , Tan Pingheng , Sun Litao , Cui Xinyi , Liang Shi‐Jun , Miao Feng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSemiconducting nanowires offer many opportunities for electronic and optoelectronic device applications due to their unique geometries and physical properties. However, it is challenging to synthesize semiconducting nanowires directly on a SiO2/Si substrate due to lattice mismatch. Here, a catalysis‐free approach is developed to achieve direct synthesis of long and straight InSe nanowires on SiO2/Si substrates through edge‐homoepitaxial growth. Parallel InSe nanowires are achieved further on SiO2/Si substrates through controlling growth conditions. The underlying growth mechanism is attributed to a selenium self‐driven vapor–liquid–solid process, which is distinct from the conventional metal‐catalytic vapor–liquid–solid method widely used for growing Si and III–V nanowires. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the as‐grown InSe nanowire‐based visible light photodetector simultaneously possesses an extraordinary photoresponsivity of 271 A W−1, ultrahigh detectivity of 1.57 × 1014 Jones, and a fast response speed of microsecond scale. The excellent performance of the photodetector indicates that as‐grown InSe nanowires are promising in future optoelectronic applications. More importantly, the proposed edge‐homoepitaxial approach may open up a novel avenue for direct synthesis of semiconducting nanowire arrays on SiO2/Si substrates.
A systematic mapping of test case generation techniques using UML interaction diagrams
Authors: Minhas Nasir Mehmood , Masood Sohaib , Petersen Kai , Nadeem Aamer 
Published: December 2019

AbstractModel‐based test case generation techniques provide a mechanism to derive tests systematically. This study provides a systematic mapping of test case generation techniques based on UML interaction diagrams. The study compares the test case generation techniques regarding their capabilities and limitations, and it also assesses the reporting quality of the primary studies. We can conclude that the studies presenting test case generation techniques using UML interaction diagrams were not following the guidelines for research methods (eg, case studies or experiments). Solutions were not empirically evaluated in industrial contexts. Our study revealed that better tool support is needed to introduce the UML interaction diagram–based test case generation techniques in the industry.
Combinational Design of Electronic Structure and Nanoarray Architecture Achieves a Low‐Overpotential Oxygen Electrode for Aprotic Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Xiao Liang , Yi Jingyu , Kou Zongkui , Li Erwei , Deng Bohua , Wang John , Liu Jinping 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTransition metal nitrides (TMNs) are generally recognized as excellent electrocatalysts in aqueous solution because of their distinct electronic structures and high electrical conductivity. However, their potential catalytic activities are rarely studied in the oxygen electrodes of aprotic lithium–oxygen batteries and the intrinsic electroactivities are quite difficult to be manifested in binder‐involved electrodes. Herein, a novel combinational design of electronic structure and nanoarray architecture is proposed to eliminate the influences of binders and additives and achieve high performance of TMNs as oxygen electrodes for aprotic lithium–oxygen batteries. In the case study of CoN nanowire arrays (NAs), experimental coupled with theoretical studies demonstrate that the distinct electronic structure of CoN enables the appropriate adsorption and facile charge transfer between the discharge product Li2O2 and CoN. Results also show that the nanoarray architecture of CoN enables the full utilization of catalytic active sites, efficient mass transportation, and sufficient inner spaces for accommodating the insoluble discharge product. Thus, the CoN NA cathode achieves both a low overall overpotential of 1.01 V and a high areal capacity of 3.35 mA h cm−2. The combinational design principle of electronic structure and electrode architecture provides a promising way to develop advanced oxygen electrode for metal–air batteries.