bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blending Traditional and Nurturing Fathering: Fathers of Children With Autism Managing Work and Family
Authors: Lien Kevin , Lashewicz Bonnie , Mitchell Jennifer , Boettcher Nick 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveAgainst a backdrop of hegemonic masculinity, we contribute to understandings of how having a child with autism impacts fathers' navigation of work and family responsibilities.BackgroundParents of children with autism face distinct needs related to accessing health, education, and social supports for their children. In supporting their children, fathers may feel pulled between traditional financial provider roles and relatively nurturing, involved styles of fathering.MethodUsing a traditional masculinity theoretical orientation, we conducted a directed content analysis of narrative data from 26 fathers of children with autism collected as part of a broader project. We analyzed approaches to fathering reflected in fathers' descriptions of managing work and family and corresponding meanings fathers attached to work relative to family responsibilities.ResultsFathering approaches included (a) traditional breadwinners, (b) caregiving breadwinners, (c) “tag‐team” parents, and (d) caregiving fathers. Meanings of work included (a) financial power and security in the face of autism; (b) work as information, support, and reprieve; and (c) work strain contributing to guilt, sadness, and depression.ConclusionFathers' responsibilities entailed a careful balancing between financial provision and caregiving for their children with autism. We identify theoretical and policy implications aimed at more fully understanding and supporting fathers of children with autism.
Post‐treatment selection for tailored fatigue performance of 18Ni300 maraging steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Elangeswaran Chola , Gurung Kopila , Koch Raphael , Cutolo Antonio , Van Hooreweder Brecht 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the fatigue behaviour of additively manufactured 18Ni300 maraging steel. Specifically, the surface and material parameters impacting fatigue performance are analysed through various post‐treatment combinations. Vertically built miniaturised test samples produced by laser powder bed fusion are tested in as‐built and age‐hardening heat‐treated conditions. To utilise the potential of using additive manufacturing for complex‐shaped parts in which conventional machining tools could have limited access, vibratory finishing and sand blasting are employed. The fatigue results show that in as‐built microstructural condition, both the surface treatments significantly enhanced the fatigue performance, with vibratory finishing outperforming sand blasting owing to better surface finish. After heat treatment, sand‐blasted samples performed better than vibratory‐finished ones because of higher residual stresses. This competing interaction between post‐treatments sheds light on identifying the relative influence of various factors. With systematic postfracture and microstructural analyses highlighting the fatigue influencing factors, recommendations are drawn to select post‐treatments to achieve the desired fatigue performance.
Mountain stoneflies may tolerate warming streams: Evidence from organismal physiology and gene expression
Authors: Hotaling Scott , Shah Alisha A. , McGowan Kerry L. , Tronstad Lusha M. , Giersch J. Joseph , Finn Debra S. , Woods H. Arthur , Dillon Michael E. , Kelley Joanna L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRapid glacier recession is altering the physical conditions of headwater streams. Stream temperatures are predicted to rise and become increasingly variable, putting entire meltwater‐associated biological communities at risk of extinction. Thus, there is a pressing need to understand how thermal stress affects mountain stream insects, particularly where glaciers are likely to vanish on contemporary timescales. In this study, we measured the critical thermal maximum (CTMAX) of stonefly nymphs representing multiple species and a range of thermal regimes in the high Rocky Mountains, USA. We then collected RNA‐sequencing data to assess how organismal thermal stress translated to the cellular level. Our focal species included the meltwater stonefly, Lednia tumana, which was recently listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act due to climate‐induced habitat loss. For all study species, critical thermal maxima (CTMAX > 20°C) far exceeded the stream temperatures mountain stoneflies experience (<10°C). Moreover, while evidence for a cellular stress response was present, we also observed constitutive expression of genes encoding proteins known to underlie thermal stress (i.e., heat shock proteins) even at low temperatures that reflected natural conditions. We show that high‐elevation aquatic insects may not be physiologically threatened by short‐term exposure to warm temperatures and that longer‐term physiological responses or biotic factors (e.g., competition) may better explain their extreme distributions.
Impact of geriatric trauma service on the outcome of older trauma patents
Authors: Leede Emily , Fry Liam , Crosby Louisa , Hamilton Stacey , Ali Sadia , Brown Carlos 
Published: July 2020

AimThe number of geriatric trauma patients is rising; yet, there is no established best team to care for them. This study analyzed a geriatric trauma service (GTS) that is integrated into the trauma surgery workflow rather than a separate consultation service. We hypothesize this team will lead to decreased mortality, shorter length of stay and increased favorable discharges for geriatric trauma patients.MethodsIn July 2017, we established a GTS consisting of geriatric nurse practitioners who were part of the hospital's geriatrics service, trauma surgeons and surgery residents on the acute care surgery service. The geriatric nurse practitioners were integrated into the trauma surgery workflow and functioned as independent members. The GTS responded to traumas and consultations for patients aged ≥65 years. Trauma surgeons carried out intensive care and operative management, while the geriatric nurse practitioners managed medical issues, family communication and end‐of‐life planning. We carried out a 2 year retrospective analysis of trauma patients aged ≥65 years seen at Dell Seton Medical Center at the University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA, comparing patient outcomes before and after the GTS. The primary outcome was mortality, whereas secondary outcomes included hospital days, intensive care unit days, and discharge disposition.ResultsWe found no difference in mortality, intensive care unit days or hospital days with the GTS. However, post‐GTS patients were more often discharged to home, rehabilitation, or hospice, and less often to nursing homes.ConclusionAn integrated geriatric and trauma team is feasible, and significant changes in disposition can be made by utilizing geriatric nurse practitioners. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 817–821.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate slopes on tenofovir alafenamide
Authors: Ibrahim F , Campbell L , Bailey AC , Stockwell S , Waters L , Orkin C , Johnson M , Gompels M , De Burgh‐Thomas A , Jones R , Schembri G , Mallon PW , Post FA 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to analyse and compare estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slopes during exposure to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) in individuals who initiated TAF, regardless of prior regimen, before October 2016.MethodsAn observational cohort study was conducted at 11 clinics in the UK and Ireland. Mixed effects models with random intercept and time terms fitted were used to generate and compare eGFR slopes while participants were exposed to TDF and TAF, with adjustment for age, eGFR at TDF/TAF initiation, gender, ethnicity, and time‐updated CD4 cell count and HIV RNA measurements.ResultsData were available for 357 subjects (median age 50 years; 80% male; 82% white/other ethnicity; 51% men who have sex with men; median nadir CD4 count 216 cells/µL). The median duration of exposure to TAF was 2.0 (interquartile range 1.6, 2.3) years. At TAF initiation, the median CD4 count was 557 cells/µL, the median eGFR was 80 mL/min/1.73 m2, and 86% had suppressed HIV infection. The mean adjusted eGFR slope during TDF and TAF exposure was −2.08 [95% confidence interval (CI) −2.24, −1.92] and 1.18 (95% CI 0.20, 1.52) mL/min/1.73 m2/year, respectively (P < 0.001). Individuals who experienced rapid eGFR decline (> 3 or 5 mL/min/1.73 m2/year) while receiving TDF experienced significant eGFR recovery while on TAF (P < 0.001).ConclusionsSignificant improvement in eGFR slope was observed in patients who switched from TDF‐ to TAF‐containing antiretroviral regimens. These data provide further support for the renal safety of TAF, and for switching those who experience progressive worsening of renal function from TDF to TAF.
Interview with Professor Adrian FM Smith
Authors: Dellaportas Petros , Stephens David A. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAdrian Smith joined The Alan Turing Institute as Institute Director and Chief Executive in September 2018. In May 2020, he was confirmed as President Elect of the Royal Society. He is also a member of the government's AI Council, which helps boost AI growth in the UK and promote its adoption and ethical use in businesses and organisations across the country. Professor Smith's previous role was Vice‐Chancellor of the University of London where he was in post from 2012. He is a past President of the Royal Statistical Society and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2001 in recognition of his contribution to statistics. In 2003‐04 Professor Smith undertook an inquiry into Post‐14 Mathematics Education for the UK Secretary of State for Education and Skills and in 2017, on behalf of Her Majesty's Treasury and the Department for Education, published a 16‐18 Maths Review. In 2006 he completed a report for the UK Home Secretary on the issue of public trust in Crime Statistics. He received a knighthood in the 2011 New Year Honours list. The following conversation took place at the Alan Turing Institute in London, on July 19 2019.
CircRHOT1 mediated cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells by sponging miR‐125a‐3p
Authors: Ling Sunkai , He Yanru , Li Xiaoxue , Hu Mingyue , Ma Yu , Li Yuan , Lu Zipeng , Shen Shanshan , Kong Bo , Zou Xiaoping , Jiang Kuirong , Huang Peilin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPancreatic cancer patients are asymptomatic at early stages and leading to late diagnoses. Additionally, pancreatic cancer easily metastasizes and is resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, it is critical to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in pancreatic cancer to develop more efficient diagnostic and treatment strategies. In this study, we demonstrated that circRHOT1 was overexpressed in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines, and it was found to directly bind to miR‐125a‐3p, acting as an endogenous sponge to inhibit its activity. Knockdown of circRHOT1 expression significantly inhibited proliferation as well as invasion, and it promoted apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells via the regulation of E2F3 through the targeting of miR‐125a‐3p. Taken together, our results showed that circRHOT1 plays critical roles in regulating the biological functions of pancreatic cancer cells, suggesting that circRHOT1 may serve as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for patients with pancreatic cancer.
Different interaction of onset age and duration of type 1 diabetes on the dynamics of autoantibodies to insulinoma‐associated antigen‐2 and zinc transporter 8
Authors: Kawasaki Eiji , Oikawa Yoichi , Okada Akira , Kanatsuna Norio , Kawamura Tomoyuki , Kikuchi Tadashi , Terasaki Jungo , Miura Junnosuke , Itoh Yoshihisa , Hanafusa Toshiaki 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate the dynamics associated with autoantibodies to insulinoma‐associated antigen‐2 (IA‐2A) and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A) relating to the onset age and disease duration in patients with type 1 diabetes.MethodsUsing bridging‐type enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, IA‐2A, ZnT8A and glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies were evaluated in 269 patients with type 1 diabetes (median onset age 18.2 years, range 0.8–86 years; median diabetes duration 7 years, range 0–58 years). We then compared the prevalence of these autoantibodies among the different age groups, along with the duration of diabetes using the Cochran–Armitage trend test and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of IA‐2A, ZnT8A and glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies in patients with duration of ≤3 years was 41.1, 36.7 and 72.2%, respectively, with 80.0% expressing one or more of these autoantibodies. This prevalence declined according to the disease duration (P < 0.005). Both IA‐2A and ZnT8A were more frequently observed in younger patients, whereas glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies was more common in older patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was a significant interaction between the onset age and duration of diabetes in patients diagnosed when aged ≤10 years regarding all anti‐islet autoantibodies (P < 0.05). However, for patients diagnosed in the middle tertile (aged 11–30 years), the interaction was significant only for ZnT8A, and for those with late‐onset diabetes (aged ≥31 years) only for IA‐2A.ConclusionsThe current study showed that the rate of disappearance of anti‐islet autoantibodies is faster in patients aged ≤10 years, and that even though both proteins are localized in the insulin granule membrane, humoral autoimmunity to IA‐2 and ZnT8 differs according to the age of onset.
Divergence of seminal fluid gene expression and function among natural snail populations
Authors: Nakadera Yumi , Thornton Smith Alice , Daupagne Léa , Coutellec Marie‐Agnès , Koene Joris M. , Ramm Steven A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSeminal fluid proteins (SFPs) can trigger drastic changes in mating partners, mediating post‐mating sexual selection and associated sexual conflict. Also, cross‐species comparisons have demonstrated that SFPs evolve rapidly and hint that post‐mating sexual selection drives their rapid evolution. In principle, this pattern should be detectable within species as rapid among‐population divergence in SFP expression and function. However, given the multiple other factors that could vary among populations, isolating divergence in SFP‐mediated effects is not straightforward. Here, we attempted to address this gap by combining the power of a common garden design with functional assays involving artificial injection of SFPs in the simultaneously hermaphroditic freshwater snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. We detected among‐population divergence in SFP gene expression, suggesting that seminal fluid composition differs among four populations collected in Western Europe. Furthermore, by artificially injecting seminal fluid extracted from these field‐derived snails into standardized mating partners, we also detected among‐population divergence in the strength of post‐mating effects induced by seminal fluid. Both egg production and subsequent sperm transfer of partners differed depending on the population origin of seminal fluid, with the response in egg production seemingly closely corresponding to among‐population divergence in SFP gene expression. Our results thus lend strong intraspecific support to the notion that SFP expression and function evolve rapidly, and confirm L. stagnalis as an amenable system for studying processes driving SFP evolution.
High hepatitis C virus cure rates with approved interferon‐free direct‐acting antivirals among diverse mainland Chinese patients including genotypes 3a and 3b
Authors: Ji Fanpu , Li Jie , Liu Li , Liang Jing , Wang Xiaozhong , Liu Junping , Cai Dachuan , Huang Rui , Zhang Jiajie , Wang Qi , Nan Yuemin , Li Junyi , Ye Qing , Zhang Mingyuan , Xu Qiang , Guo Feng , Zhao Changqing , Liu Lingdi , He Caini , Li Yu , Wang Wenjun , Kam Leslie Y , Tran Sally , Maeda Mayumi , Mizuta Akiko , Li Zongfang , Dang Shuangsuo , Ren Wanhua , Zhu Qiang , Cheung Ramsey , Niu Junqi , Xie Wen , Pan Hongying , Ren Hong , Wu Chao , Shang Jia , Wang Fengmei , Nguyen Mindie H 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and AimGlobally, China has the highest chronic hepatitis C (CHC) burden, but its real‐world direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) data are limited. Our aim is to investigate the real‐world outcome of China Food and Drug Administration‐approved DAA therapies across mainland China including those with genotype (GT) 3.MethodsThe REAL‐C is a multinational real‐world interferon‐free DAA‐treated CHC registry of several mainland China and other Asian centers. We evaluated the sustained virological response rate 12 weeks after end of treatment (SVR12), adverse events, and treatment effect on liver function and fibrosis (fibrosis‐4 index).ResultsWe analyzed 859 DAA‐treated CHC patients (6/1/2017–5/30/2019) from 12 mainland China centers (three municipalities and nine provinces): median age 52, 49.9% male, 33.1% cirrhosis, 95% treatment naïve, and 2.5% HBsAg+. The most common GT was GT1b (523, 62.2%), followed by GT2a (156, 18.5%), GT3b (74, 8.8%), GT3a (41, 4.9%), and GT6 (37, 4.4%). SVR12 rates were 98.0% overall (95% confidence interval 96.9–98.8%), 98.1% for GT1b, 96.8% GT2a, 100% GT3a, 97.3% GT3b, and 100% GT6. Baseline cirrhosis and male sex but not prior treatment history, renal dysfunction, age, and GTs were associated with SVR12. For both cirrhotic and non‐cirrhotic patients, there were significant improvement in liver function tests, alpha fetoprotein, and fibrosis‐4 index with SVR12. Serious adverse events were rare (1.1%) with only nine patients discontinuing therapy prematurely and anemia being the most common adverse event (13.1%, mostly with ribavirin).ConclusionsIn real‐world Chinese patients with diverse GTs, Chinese Food and Drug Administration‐approved interferon‐free DAAs were well tolerated, provided high cure rates (98.0% overall) including GT3a/3b, and led to improvement of liver function.
Factor structure of the professional quality of life scale among direct support professionals: factorial validity and scale reliability
Authors: Keesler J. M. , Fukui S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDirect support professionals (DSPs) support people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in activities of daily living. DSPs may experience both contentment and struggles with their work. As agencies grapple with their recruitment and retention, understanding DSPs' holistic work experience is important. The Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) scale assesses multiple domains of work experiences (i.e. compassion satisfaction, burnout and secondary traumatic stress). Despite extensive use across helping professions, the ProQOL is largely absent from DSP research.MethodThis study examined the factor structure of the ProQOL with DSPs. Using secondary data from 495 DSPs, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to determine if the original three‐factor structure holds for this population.ResultsWe confirmed the factorial validity of the ProQOL with the three‐factor solution. In the validation process, some modifications were suggested to the model, which also improved the scale reliability.ConclusionsThe current study provides initial evidence of the factorial validity of the ProQOL when used with DSPs, as well as recommendations for subsequent improvements and future research.
Experiments in farmers' collectives in Eastern India and Nepal: Process, benefits, and challenges
Authors: Sugden Fraser , Agarwal Bina , Leder Stephanie , Saikia Panchali , Raut Manita , Kumar Anoj , Ray Dhananjay 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDo farmers' collectives, which pool land, labour, capital, and skills to create medium‐sized production units, offer a more viable model of farming for resource‐constrained smallholders than individual family farms? A participatory action research project in Eastern India and Nepal provides notable answers. Groups of marginal and tenant farmers, catalysed by the project, evolved into four different collective models with varying levels of cooperation, gender composition, and land ownership/tenancy status. Based on 3 years of action research, this paper examines how the models evolved and their differential outcomes. All groups have gained from cultivating contiguous plots in their efficiency of labour and machine use for land preparation and irrigation, and from economies in input purchase. Several collectives of tenant farmers have also enhanced their bargaining power vis‐a‐vis an entrenched landlord class and thus been able to negotiate lower rents and refuse long‐standing feudal obligations. However, the models differ in their extent of economic gain and their ability to handle gender inequalities and conflicts over labour sharing. The paper explores the historical, regional, and cultural factors that could explain such differences across the models. It thus offers unique insights into the processes, benefits, and challenges of farmers' collectives and provides pointers for replication and further research.
Efficacy of the combination of Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser and microneedling for melasma
Authors: Karadağ Köse Özlem , Borlu Murat 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundMelasma is a common, multifactorial, and recurring disease which is not easy to treat.AimsThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of microneedling in combination with Q‐switched neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser (QsNd‐YAG laser) for treatment of melasma.Patients/MethodsFifteen female patients with epidermal or mixed‐type melasma on the face were included in the study. Patients were first treated with QsNd‐YAG laser, and then with microneedling containing mesotherapy products of biomimetic peptides, at the same session. Modified Melasma Area Severity Index (mMASI) scores were calculated before the first session and again 2 weeks after the last session. The same treatment protocol was repeated every 2 weeks for five sessions within period of 3 months of therapy. The evaluation was performed according to the before and after photographs taken from three angles including 90‐degree front and 45 degrees from left and right with the VISIA device.ResultsOf the 15 patients included in the study, the mean mMASI scores before and after treatment were 9.2 ± 5.7 (3.8‐23.1) and 3.6 ± 4.0 (0.6‐16.8), respectively. mMASI scores were significantly reduced after completion of the protocol. Six (40%) patients had “very good response,” 4 (26.7%) patients had “good response,” and 5 (33.3%) patients were “unresponsive.” Six (40%) patients were followed up for 1 year, and only 1 patient had a recurrence (6.7%).ConclusionsIn addition to the use of photoprotective measures, multimodality treatment including QsNd‐YAG laser and microneedling with mesotherapy products containing biomimetic peptides is effective to treat melasma and they work synergistically.