bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of TRIPMEXX Additives on Engine Performance of a 1.6L Multi-Cylinder Gasoline Engine
Authors: Sharudin Hazim , Abdullah Nik Rosli , Asiah A R , Jalaludin Helmisyah Ahmad , Matthew EE 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study discusses the findings of the project data obtained from the experimental work. It was based on the analysis of experimental output responses obtained which were Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), power and engine torque. A 1.6L multi-cylinder gasoline engine was used to investigate the effect of TRIPMEXX on the fuel economy. The experiment was performed at variations of engine speed (1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000 rpm) with a constant engine load of 40 Nm. From the results obtained, it showed that brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), power and engine torque for TRIPMEXX were better than gasoline fuel without TRIPMEXX fuel additive. Combustion efficiency of gasoline engine has improved with the use of TRIPMEXX fuel additives. Overall, Fuel Economy, Power and Engine Torque for 1 ml + 10L RON95 fuel sample showed the best results for all measured parameters at all engine test conditions.
Investigation of Corrosion Rate for Different Type of Welding Joints using Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
Authors: Sulaiman S. A. , Abdullah B. , Alias S. K. , Ahmad N. N. , Aziz M. N. A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Corrosion is the deterioration of a metal as a result of chemical reactions between metal and its surrounding. Different type of metal and environmental condition, particularly gasses that are in contact with the metal, determine the rate of corrosion. Different type of welding joints can be factors that contribute to the corrosion problems since different type of welding joint normally exposed to the corrosion and erosion agents like salt, air, water, material composition, dissolved oxygen content in the fluid, pH and fluid’s velocity characteristics. Research was carried out in order to investigate the corrosion rate on mild steel at 3 different types of welding joint which are butt joint, lap joint and edge joint after immersed in Sodium Chloride (NaCl), Hydrochloric acid (HCl), distilled water and natural sea water for 30 to 50 days. The mild steel was joined using Shielded Metal Arc Welding. For each of the welding joint the parameters were fixed which are current, voltage and speed of travel. Immersion and hardness test were conducted to distinguish the corrosion rate. Results shown butt joint suffered the highest corrosion rate than lap joint and edge joint and morphology transformation differences occur during the corrosion process.
Musculoskeletal Discomfort Evaluation using Quick Exposure Check (QEC) among Tower Crane Operators
Authors: Ibrahim N A , Rahman S A S A , Ismail S H , Abdullah H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Tower crane operators are at risk of developing Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) due to work schedules that require prolonged sitting with minimal movements. The aim of this study was to assess the discomfort levels associated with the musculoskeletal disorder and its severity on affected human body areas of tower crane operators while driving and handling of materials. This study was conducted amongst 32 tower crane operators at the construction sites of a high-rise building in Klang Valley. A Quick Exposure Check (QEC) was used to assess the MSDs levels and the affected severity on human body areas. The results from the QEC showed the body parts that were associated with a very high risk of MSDs were the back and neck. Other factors contributed to the high risk of MSDs among tower crane operators were identified as driving and vibration. MSDs among tower crane operators were evident from the QEC analysis. Therefore, it is essential to include ergonomic intervention in the workplace in order to minimize the risk.
AHP-QFD in assessing the outcome of gemba kaizen events
Authors: Mohd Rusli M H , Jaffar A , Kasolang S , Kayat S M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The study shows the application of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) as a tool in assessing the outcome of the Gemba Kaizen Event. AHP-QFD method is used to analyze the process of prioritizing the Lean strategy, tools and technique for a Gemba Kaizen Event performed at a manufacturing company. The data obtained from the Gemba Kaizen Event were analyzed with AHP-QFD method in which the research evaluated the best combination and prioritization of lean elements to be deployed systematically. The analysis shows the linkage between the needs and lean strategies. The study found that the main strategy to implement Lean depends on the needs of the production situation of the company. The approach is mainly about improvement in process flow, standardization of the process, creation of Kanban Pull System and process visualization for control of the production.
Production output real time data monitoring based on internet of things (IOT) at automotive part machining line
Authors: Shahar M S , Mohd Salleh N A , Shahrom N S , Norsham S H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
DRB HICOM Berhad is currently facing challenge which is lack of accuracy and real time information on their machining output data. With a new era of the Internet of Things (IoT), it may reduce hassle for better productivity and quality. This paper proposes on Internet of Things (IoT) based real-time monitoring data production output at machining line in which the output parts will be monitored over a webserver using internet and will notify workers when a breakdown occurs through hand phone notification. The system is designed to collect data automatically such as plan vs actual goods, reject output and breakdown time and display them on OLED board as well as on webpage for the workers and management to see and monitor it easily without being in the working line area. The data from this should be transmitted to the management without human intervention. Moreover, it also offers a better solution to the workers and management to know the condition of the machining line and can take immediate preventive measures. The efficiency of the machining line can be improved gradually as a result of better system. Hence, the real-time monitoring data production output at machining line will help the company to generate higher revenue, obtain faster and accurate production data.
Effect of Acid Treatment on Extraction of Silica from Cogon Grass by Using C6H8O7 and HCL Acid
Authors: Zarib N A , Abdullah S A , Jusri N A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cogon grass is one type of agricultural wastes that can easily be found around the world. A cogon grass contains with relatively low lignin (5.67%), ash (8.24%) and acceptable holo-cellulose and cellulose solubility of 64.9% and 37.1% respectively. The focus of this paper is to analyse the effect of acid treatment of silica extraction of cogon grass due to silica as a raw material that can be apply in industrial. Parameters such as concentration of acid and weight percentage used in cogon grass during organic and inorganic leaching method were also compared. In this paper, citric acid (C6H8O7) and hydrochloric acid was used for production of silica from cogon grass. Samples were characterized using Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermal gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The result indicates that highest percentage silica of cogon grass after leaching was on 1.0M via HCL acid leaching and has an amorphous structure.
Thermal cutting analysis on grain size distribution using probabilistic FEM
Authors: Sulaiman Mohd Shahar , Manurung Yupiter HP , Graf Marcel , Mohamad Syakir AG , Muhd Faiz M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper investigates the capability of probabilistic FEM to predict grain size distributions due to thermal cutting process. The application of transient heat source causes non-uniform temperature distribution across the parent metal that can lead to non-uniform expansion and contraction during heating and cooling cycle. This phenomenon will induce thermal stresses to the workpiece that can subsequently lead to unwanted cutting deformation. Therefore, prediction of temperature distribution is important in order to control the amount of heat required in the cutting process. The simulation was computed through probabilistic FEM using Monte Carlo method based on non-linear thermo-elastic-plastic numerical analysis. The probabilistic FEM was carried out by varying the input power. In this study, the simulation method had been executed by using FEM software MSC MARC. The simulation analysis was also executed using customized material input module in order to take the grain growth into consideration during the cutting process. The additional subroutine of grain growth was introduced and implemented in order to predict the grain size distribution. The material used for the simulation was stainless steel 316L with the thickness of 2 mm. Based on the results obtained, it was found out that slight differences of the results were achieved between deterministic and probabilistic methods. The small observable differences occurred due to the probabilistic method was only executed to fluctuate the input power, while the other process parameters were still unchanged. Nevertheless, the Monte Carlo method was successfully integrated into the normal simulation which then transforming it into probabilistic analysis. Thus, through probabilistic method, reliability on prediction could be increased in which the prediction would be closer to reality.
Development of Child Safety Car Alert System Using Arduino and GSM Module
Authors: Hazizan A. , Md Lazam N. A. , Hassan N. I. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The Child Safety Car Alert System by Arduino is an integrated device that sends alerts to the driver if a child is left unintendedly in the car. The system is developed using the Arduino board which incorporates the integration between sensors and GSM module. This system uses pressure and motion sensors to detect the presence of a child located at the back seat of the vehicles. Meanwhile, the GSM or Global System for Mobile Communication allows the system to send an alert to the driver within a short period. The GSM is chosen due to its ability to lower the energy consumption per bit while providing higher data rates. Two sensors are used; Force Sensitive Resistor (FSR) Sensor and Pressure Infrared (PIR) Sensor. The alert system is triggered when both sensors detect the presence of a child at the back of the car seat which will then notify the parents or a driver immediately through a message sent via a mobile phone.
The Efficacy of Visual and Auditory Bird Scaring Techniques using Drone at Paddy Fields
Authors: Wan Mohamed Wan Mazlina , Mohd Naim Mohamad Nizar , Abdullah Afiq 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Birds can cause damages to crop and financial losses to farmers and able to spread exotic diseases such as Avian influenza and Newcastle disease to human. Numerous methods have been used in controlling birds, e.g. chemical, auditory, visual and lethal. In this research, visual and auditory methods were applied, where reflective boards and speaker were installed on a drone and were flown at different altitudes and intervals. The scaring approach were divided into five (5) categories; reflective board only, ultrasonic sound, predator sound, combination of reflective board and ultrasonic sound and combination of reflective board and predator sound. The test was conducted at a paddy field plot, Botanical Park, Shah Alam. The findings indicate that combination of visual and auditory techniques scared the highest number of birds. However, the effectiveness gradually decreases as altitude increases. The interval of flight does not show any correlation with the number of birds that flew away. It is recommended to conduct future research far from residential area due the sound from the drone and auditory devices which cause disturbances to residents. Future experiments should be conducted in a control environment, free from human and ground vehicles interruption in order to have better observations on the efficacy of the chosen methods.
Effects of Material Properties in Spinal Fusion Cage for Lumbar Vertebrae
Authors: Yahya Rusnani , Shudin Muhammad Lukman , Mazlan Muhammad Hazli , Shuib Solehuddin , Abdullah Abdul Halim 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Vertebral endplate subsidence failure will increase the possibility of mechanical instability in the lumbar spinal fusion. The spinal implants of cages are many type of design that can be use in spinal fusion and the type of material also been considerate. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) cage is believed to maintain the stability and to promote fusion between vertebrae. Different type biomaterial of cage was made by metal, ceramic and polymer, also composite. The Posterior Instrument (PI) such pedicle screw and rod was made by Titanium Alloy. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of different materials of cage in lumbar fusion. 3D vertebrae model (L3-L4) with interbody fusion using different material properties such as PEEK, PLA, Cobalt Chromium, Titanium Alloy and Stainless Steel. A fusion model with pedicle screw systems L3–L4 levels were reconstructed based on the respective surgical protocols. The stress distribution and total deformation of the cage were measured under different compressive loading conditions and motion. Results show that the titanium alloy is the best material for metal categories while PLA (Poly lactic acid) for composite category.
Parameter Optimization of WC-TaC-6Co Green Part in Injection Moulding using Taguchi Method
Authors: Pahroraji Hazriel Faizal , Irwan Ibrahim Mohd Halim , Muniandy Prathabrao , Amin Sri Yulis M , Alias Siti Khadijah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study represents the injection moulding parameters optimization via Taguchi method on density and porosity of the green part of cemented carbide WC-TaC-6Co. The experiment commences with the preparation of WC-TaC-6Co feedstock mixed with 60 % palm stearin (PS), and 40 % of low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The important parameters for this study are the percentage of grain growth inhibitor (GGI), temperature of injection, injection pressure and injection speed. Utilizing orthogonal array L9 (34), signal to noise ratio (S/N) was used to determine the significant levels and its contribution to the responses of density and porosity. The study signified that for density and porosity response, injection pressure and GGI is the most influential parameters. Based on that, it was found that the best parameter combinations for density and porosity is, GGI at 1.2 wt. %, temperature of injection at 155°C, injection pressure at 55% and 50%, and injection speed at 40% and 30%. Thus, it is determined that by controlling the setting of the best parameter, the optimal quality of the desired product can be accomplished and sustained without much complications during the process.
Effect of Sintered Alumina Blended Polyethylene Glycol Binder on the Pin on Disc Test Parameter
Authors: Abd Aziz Siti Norazlini , Abu Bakar Mimi Azlina , Kasolang Salmiah , Ismail Muhammad Hussain 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study presents the effects of sintering temperature and binder content of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on wear properties of compacted alumina using pin on disc wear test under dry sliding condition. Wear rate was measured at 20N load and sliding speed of 200rpm at 0.28 m/s sliding velocity. The wear test sample was tested at 3 different sintering temperatures (1000°C, 1100°C, and 1200°C) to produce different microstructures. The results show that a dry pressed alumina ceramic with 5 wt. % of PEG content and sintering temperature at 1200°C recorded the lowest wear rate and volume lost compared to other samples. SEM was carried out to investigate the microstructure how it affects the wear property. It was found that at high sintering temperature of 1200° C the particle formation was strengthen to each other hence promote highest wear resistance.
Synthesis of chitosan-SiO2 composite for adsorption methyl dyes from solution
Authors: Riyanti F , Hariani P L , Fatma  , Yuliasari N , Said M , Ramadiati T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Synthesis of chitosan-SiO2 composite has been done using the precipitation method. The chitosan-SiO2 composite was applied to removal methyl red dyes from the solution. The chitosan-SiO2 composite was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Adsorption by batch method with variables including contact time, weight of adsorbent and initial concentration. The FT-IR spectrum of composite showed the - OH, C-H, C-N, N-H, C-O (ether), C-H asymmetric, C-H symmetric, Si-O-Si, Si-OH and Si-O group. XRD spectra of chitosan-SiO2 composites showed a widening peak at 2θ = 19.95 and amorphous. From SEM-EDS spectra show the morphology of chitosan-SiO2 composite was rough, porous and inhomogeneous with constituent elements C, N, O, Na and Si. The chitosan-SiO2 composite has a pHpzc value at pH 7.9. Adsorption data of chitosan-SiO2 composite for adsorption methyl red dyes followed Langmuir isotherm with maximum adsorption capacity 20.876 mg/g. Adsorption methyl red dye onto chitosan-SiO2 composites according to pseudo-second order.
The effect of process water recycle on hydrothermal treatment of yard long bean ( Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) and water spinach (Ipomoea reptans) seeds
Authors: Kurniasari D , Yuliansyah A T , Purnomo C W 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Hydrothermal treatment is one of thermal biomass conversion method that the solid product can be used as fuel. The main problem of hydrothermal system is the liquid product that usually become waste. The water requirements of hydrothermal treatment need to be assessed to determine commercial feasibility. This research aims to study the influence of reusing liquid product to become process waster in hydrothermal treatment of yard long bean and water spinach seed with temperature variation of 180, 200 and 220 °C, biomass and water ratio of 1:5, and residence time of 40 minutes. Solid product was characterized in terms of mass yield and heating value (HHV). It is found that the solid yield value increased 8% from the first to the sixth process using recycle water. The biggest HHV of solid product was the hydrothermal process with temperature of 220°C using the 5th recycle liquid at 5499 cal/g for water spinach seed and 5466 cal/g for long bean seed.
Failure analysis of AISI 304 stainless steel pipeline transmission a petrochemical plant
Authors: Arifin A , Gunawan  , Yani I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the failure analysis of AISI304 stainless steel pipeline that was fabricated by welding and used for CO2 transmission in a petrochemical plant. After a years of satisfactory operation, significant cracking was observed adjacent to the weld joints of valve and pipeline. The failure investigation was carried out on welded pipe samples using optical and fractography, micro hardness measurements, XRF and XRD testing. The hardness test results show faults occur in the HAZ region. Fractured surface macrostructure and morphology analysis shows inter-granular brittle fracture mode. The inter-granular fault begins with the presence of very intensive inter-granular corrosion, especially on the outer metal surface and progressively propagates to the inside of the metal. The results of XRD found peak of carbide from the secondary phase of SS 304 austenite steel. The material experienced sensitization that is indicated by the presence of carbides at the grain boundary.
Effect of fly ash content in Aluminum matrix composite through stir casting method on mechanical and physical properties
Authors: Gunawan  , Arifin A , Akbar M A , Asura I 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) is a potential innovation material to meet the requirements required in various applications. such as in the aerospace, automotive and mining sectors. Stir casting has been known widely as a methode to produce MMC. In this study, Alumunium alloy and fly ash is utilized as matrix composite and reinforced phasing, respectively. Effect for mechanical and physical properties are investigated for the addition fly ash (4, 8 and 12wt%). Alumunium alloy melt with fly ash is stirred with 350 rpm for 5 minutes and poured into the mold at temperature of 800°C. Hardness, impact and density test are performed to investigate the characterization of specimen. The experimental results show that maximum value is obtained at 8 wt% fly ash with 65.83 HB, 11. 8 Joule, 14.299 Kgf/mm2 and 2.7 g/cm3 for hardness, impack, tensile strenght and density, respectively.
Study on genetic algorithm (GA) approaches for solving Flow Shop Scheduling Problem (FSSP)
Authors: Syarif A , Wamiliana W , Lumbanraja P , Gen M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The scheduling problem is known as one of the well-known optimization problems. It occurs in many situations of our daily-life applications, especially in industrial fields. One type of scheduling problem is called Flow Shop Scheduling Problem (FSSP). It belongs to the class of NP-complete problem. During the last decades, researches on exploring more accurate and efficient heuristic methods to solve hard optimization problems have taken considerable attention from researchers. Among them, GA has been one of the powerful and widely used algorithms. In this paper, we present two GA approaches to solve FSSP. The main objective is to investigate the effectiveness and the efficiency of GA based on different variations of the chromosome representation, referred to as the job-based GA (jb-GA) and machine-based GA (mb-GA). We conducted numerical experiments using standard test problems (Benchmark test problems). We also present the comparison of results with those given by another heuristic algorithm (NBH Algorithm) and the optimal solutions reported in the literature. Those demonstrate the jb-GA is more effective and efficient almost all of the time. The current limitation of this approach, like many other heuristic methods, is that it still sometimes gives the near-optimal solutions.
The potential of Lampung province as the area for producing mineral fertilizer
Authors: Isnugroho K , Hendronursito Y , Birawidha D C , Amin M , Muttaqi M A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Lampung Province has the potential as a producer of mineral fertilizers. The availability of mineral and rock resources in the area has the potential to be processed into mineral fertilizers. Rocks and minerals have been shown to increase productivity and maintain fertility of agricultural land. Rocks and minerals such as zeolite, basalt, pumice, limestone, phosphate and pearlite, its availability in Lampung Province makes it possible to become an agro-mineral industry raw material. For this reason, there is a need for good cooperation between related agencies to create processing of rocks and minerals into effective, efficient mineral as fertilizers.