bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineered Plant‐Based Nanocellulose Hydrogel for Small Intestinal Organoid Growth
Authors: Curvello Rodrigo , Kerr Genevieve , Micati Diana J. , Chan Wing Hei , Raghuwanshi Vikram S. , Rosenbluh Joseph , Abud Helen E. , Garnier Gil 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOrganoids are three‐dimensional self‐renewing and organizing clusters of cells that recapitulate the behavior and functionality of developed organs. Referred to as “organs in a dish,” organoids are invaluable biological models for disease modeling or drug screening. Currently, organoid culture commonly relies on an expensive and undefined tumor‐derived reconstituted basal membrane which hinders its application in high‐throughput screening, regenerative medicine, and diagnostics. Here, we introduce a novel engineered plant‐based nanocellulose hydrogel is introduced as a well‐defined and low‐cost matrix that supports organoid growth. Gels containing 0.1% nanocellulose fibers (99.9% water) are ionically crosslinked and present mechanical properties similar to the standard animal‐based matrix. The regulation of the osmotic pressure is performed by a salt‐free strategy, offering conditions for cell survival and proliferation. Cellulose nanofibers are functionalized with fibronectin‐derived adhesive sites to provide the required microenvironment for small intestinal organoid growth and budding. Comparative transcriptomic profiling reveals a good correlation with transcriptome‐wide gene expression pattern between organoids cultured in both materials, while differences are observed in stem cells‐specific marker genes. These hydrogels are tunable and can be combined with laminin‐1 and supplemented with insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1) to optimize the culture conditions. Nanocellulose hydrogel emerges as a promising matrix for the growth of organoids.
Use of Hand‐motion Analysis to Assess Competence and Skill Decay for Cardiac and Lung Point‐of‐care Ultrasound
Authors: Ackil Daniel J. , Toney Amanda , Good Ryan , Ross David , Germano Rocco , Sabbadini Linda , Thiessen Molly , Bell Colin , Kendall John L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesAssessment of competence in technical skills, including point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS), is required before a novice can safely perform the skill independently. Ongoing assessment of competence is also required because technical skills degrade over time, especially when they are infrequently performed or complex. Hand‐motion analysis (HMA) is an objective assessment tool that has been used to evaluate competency in many technical skills. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility and validity of HMA as an assessment tool for competence in both simple and complex technical skills as well as skill degradation over time.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 36 paramedics with no POCUS experience and six physicians who were fellowship trained in POCUS. The novices completed a 4‐hour didactic and hands‐on training program for cardiac and lung POCUS. HMA measurements, objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE), and written examinations were collected for novices immediately before and after training as well as 2 and 4 months after training. Expert HMA metrics were also recorded.ResultsExpert HMA metrics for cardiac and lung POCUS were significantly better than those of novices. After completion of the training program, the novices improved significantly in all HMA metrics, knowledge test scores, and OSCE scores. Novices showed skill degradation in cardiac POCUS based on HMA metrics and OSCE scores while lung POCUS image acquisition skills were preserved. Novices deemed competent by OSCE score performed significantly better in HMA metrics than those not deemed competent.ConclusionWe have demonstrated that HMA is a feasible and valid tool for assessment of competence in technical skills and can also evaluate skill degradation over time. Skill degradation appears more apparent in complex skills, such as cardiac POCUS. HMA may provide a more efficient and reliable assessment of technical skills, including POCUS, when compared to traditional assessment tools.
Genomic imbalances in craniofacial microsomia
Authors: Spineli‐Silva Samira , Sgardioli Ilária C. , dos Santos Ana P. , Bergamini Luna L. , Monlleó Isabella L. , Fontes Marshall I. B. , Félix Têmis M. , Ribeiro Erlane M. , Xavier Ana C. , Lustosa‐Mendes Elaine , Gil‐da‐Silva‐Lopes Vera L. , Vieira Tarsis P. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to perform 22q11.2 deletion screening and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in individuals clinically diagnosed with craniofacial microsomia (CFM) and review previously published cases of CFM with genomic imbalances. It included 54 individuals who were evaluated by a clinical geneticist. Copy number variants (CNVs) in the 22q11.2 region were investigated by multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for all individuals. The CMA was performed only for individuals with additional major features. MLPA revealed pathogenic CNVs at the 22q11 region in 3/54 (5.6%) individuals. CMA revealed pathogenic CNVs in 4/17 (23.5%) individuals, including the three CNVs at the 22q11 region also detected by MLPA, and CNVs classified as variants of unknown significance (VOUS) in 4/17 (23.5%) individuals. Pathogenic alterations were found at the 2p12, 5p15, 13q13, and 22q11 regions. VOUS were found at 3q29, 5q22.2, 5q22.1, and 9p22 regions. All individuals with pathogenic alterations presented additional major features, including congenital heart disease (CHD). The literature review revealed pathogenic CNVs in 17/193 (8.8%) individuals and most of them also presented additional major features, such as CHD, renal anomalies, or developmental delay. In conclusion, CNVs should be investigated in patients with CFM and additional major features.
Dual‐Propelled Lanbiotic Based Janus Micromotors for Selective Inactivation of Bacterial Biofilms
Authors: Yuan Kaisong , Jurado‐Sánchez Beatriz , Escarpa Alberto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGraphene oxide/PtNPs/Fe2O3 “dual‐propelled” catalytic and fuel‐free rotary actuated magnetic Janus micromotors modified with the lanbiotic Nisin are used for highly selective capture/inactivation of gram‐positive bacteria units and biofilms. Specific interaction of Nisin with the Lipid II unit of Staphylococcus Aureus bacteria in connection with the enhanced micromotor movement and generated fluid flow result in a 2‐fold increase of the capture/killing ability (both in bubble and magnetic propulsion modes) as compared with free peptide and static counterparts. The high stability of Nisin along with the high towing force of the micromotors allow for efficient operation in untreated raw media (tap water, juice and serum) and even in blood and in flowing blood in magnetic mode. The high selectivity of the approach is illustrated by the dramatically lower interaction with gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia Coli). The double‐propulsion (catalytic or fuel‐free magnetic) mode of the micromotors and the high biocompatibility holds considerable promise to design micromotors with tailored lanbiotics that can response to the changes that make the bacteria resistant in a myriad of clinical, environmental remediation or food safety applications.
Nowcasting fatal COVID‐19 infections on a regional level in Germany
Authors: Schneble Marc , De Nicola Giacomo , Kauermann Göran , Berger Ursula 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe analyse the temporal and regional structure in mortality rates related to COVID‐19 infections, making use of the openly available data on registered cases in Germany published by the Robert Koch Institute on a daily basis. Estimates for the number of present‐day infections that will, at a later date, prove to be fatal are derived through a nowcasting model, which relates the day of death of each deceased patient to the corresponding day of registration of the infection. Our district‐level modelling approach for fatal infections disentangles spatial variation into a global pattern for Germany, district‐specific long‐term effects and short‐term dynamics, while also taking the age and gender structure of the regional population into account. This enables to highlight areas with unexpectedly high disease activity. The analysis of death counts contributes to a better understanding of the spread of the disease while being, to some extent, less dependent on testing strategy and capacity in comparison to infection counts. The proposed approach and the presented results thus provide reliable insight into the state and the dynamics of the pandemic during the early phases of the infection wave in spring 2020 in Germany, when little was known about the disease and limited data were available.
The influence of managers' awareness of climate change, perceived climate risk exposure and risk tolerance on the adoption of corporate responses to climate change
Authors: Todaro Niccolò Maria , Testa Francesco , Daddi Tiberio , Iraldo Fabio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUncertainties posed by climate change limit companies' ability to understand implications of global warming on business and society at large, hampering the adoption of tangible organizational responses to climate change. Understanding climate action thus requires to investigate influential factors of decision‐making under uncertainty, which implies acknowledging managerial interpretations and perceptions about climate issues. Drawing insights from the literature on climate inaction and from corporate sustainability literature, the present study examines awareness of climate change and perceived exposure to climate risks as antecedents of corporate responses to climate change, drawing on a survey of managers of Italian manufacturing companies. In addition, the study tests the moderation of risk tolerance on the relation between perceived climate risk exposure and climate action, suggesting that risk attitudes are a significant factor of decision‐making under climate uncertainty. The results support the hypothesis of the model and thus provide several contributions to the literature on business and climate change. Managerial implications and avenues for future research are also discussed.
“V‐Reverse” Suturing Technique for Tunnel Soft Tissue Graft and Flap Stabilization: Technique Illustration
Authors: Chacón Ramírez Gerardo José , Tavelli Lorenzo , Barootchi Shayan , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionIn periodontal and peri‐implant plastic procedures, proper stabilization of the graft and the flap plays a crucial role in the outcomes. While the coronally advanced flap allows for better access with the possibility of suturing the graft to the periosteum and the de‐epithelialized papillae, there is little evidence regarding what is the best approach in stabilizing the graft and the flap when performing the tunnel techniques (TUN). The purpose of this technical note is to describe a new suturing technique “V‐reverse” for stabilization of the graft and the flap during a TUN procedure.Case PresentationThe V‐reverse suturing technique was used to enhance the stabilization of the graft and the flap during root coverage procedures, papilla augmentation, and immediate implant placement. Other advantages of this technique include reduced flap and graft micromotion; simple, easy, and fast procedure; and high patient compliance.ConclusionsThe present article describes three main clinical scenarios in which V‐reverse suturing technique is used to stabilize TUN + connective tissue graft for root coverage procedures, papilla augmentation, and immediate implant placement.
A Novel Modified‐Vista Technique With Connective Tissue Graft in the Treatment of Gingival Recession: A Case Report
Authors: Chowdary P. Charishma , Pavan Kumar Y. Sandhya , Murthy K. Raja V. , Kishore D. Trinath 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionThe increasing esthetic demands from patients have required that clinicians sharpen their skills and adopt newer and more novel techniques to satisfy these demands. In periodontal therapy, periodontal plastic surgery poses a substantial challenge to the clinician, both because it is technique sensitive and also because it includes a wide array of procedures and their variations. Conventional plastic procedures have provided satisfactory results in the treatment of gingival recession but there is, presently, a greater need for more advanced procedures that cause less surgical morbidity as also provide improved results. Minimally invasive surgery has been harnessed in periodontics for this purpose and has been extensively used in multiple indications, including root coverage. Modified‐Vestibular Incision Supra‐periosteal Tunnel Access (M‐VISTA) applies the principles of minimally invasive surgery to provide satisfactory results in root coverage.Case PresentationA 28‐year‐old male patient presented with multiple Miller Class I/II buccal recession defects and associated high labial frenum on right maxillary anterior teeth. M‐VISTA technique allowed coronal repositioning of gingival margin, which was then stabilized by orthodontics bracket assisted suturing technique. The V‐shaped incision in the region of the frenal attachment allowed for conducting both the M‐VISTA and frenectomy techniques simultaneously. Connective tissue graft was inserted in the supra‐periosteal tunnel and vertical incision was sutured. Complete root coverage was achieved and maintained at 9 months with excellent esthetic outcomes.ConclusionsThe use of connective tissue graft along with M‐VISTA technique allows the clinician to successfully treat multiple recession defects.
Catalytic Performance of MIL‐88B(V) and MIL‐101(V) MOFs for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3
Authors: Li Shengchen , Zhai Ying , Wei Xiaxia , Zhang Zhe , Kong Xiangfei , Tang Fushun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the SCR properties of MIL‐88B(V) and MIL‐101(V) MOFs materials by hydrothermal synthesis were investigated, and the effect of the coordination and spatial topology of MOFs materials on the coordination state, chemical state and surface properties of V ions, as well as the relationship with SCR catalysis, were discussed. The results showed that the NO conversion of MIL‐88B(V) can be as high as 80 %, while those of MIL‐101(V) can only reach to 20 %, but the SCR reaction selectivity of both were excellent. The coordination structure and spatial topological structure of MOFs materials had a great influence on the coordination state, chemical state and surface properties of V ions, resulting in different SCR catalytic performance. The reaction performance of SCR was related to the structural properties of V3Ox units and followed the E‐R mechanism. The staggered and layer upon layer close‐packed structure of MIL‐88B(V) made the density of V3Ox unit cluster higher and the distance of adjacent V3Ox unit cluster smaller. More V5+ ions and V−O−V bonds can form more Brønsted acid sites, also was conducive to the progress of the SCR reaction. Although MIL‐88B(V) has insufficient high temperature stability, but its good SCR reaction selectivity and SCR catalytic performance at medium and low temperature can still have the application prospect of medium and low temperature industrial denitration in non‐electric industries.
Chiral Phosphoric Acid: A Powerful Organocatalyst for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Heterocycles with Chiral Atropisomerism
Authors: Shao You‐Dong , Cheng Dao‐Juan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe past two decades have witnessed unprecedented development and advancement of chiral phosphoric acid catalysis. Therefore, it is not surprising that the attempts to synthesize enantioenriched axially chiral compounds via chiral phosphoric acid catalysis have achieved fruitful results in recent years although this area of research is still in its infancy. A number of structurally important heterocycles with chiral atropisomerism have been successfully designed and prepared by chiral phosphoric acid promoted transformations involving diverse strategies: including direct coupling, de novo formation of a heterocyclic ring and functionalization of prochiral or racemic substrates. In this minireview, we would like to highlight the advances in the field of atropisomeric heterocycles construction enabled by chiral phosphoric acid catalysis. In addition, this Minireview is organized based on the different types of atropisomeric heterocyclic frameworks generated covering quinoline, pyrrole, indole, benzimidazole, quinazolinone, isoindolinone, urazole, pyrazole and so on. We hope that this Minireview will motivate continuous interest on chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed atroposelective reactions.
N‐BANDS: A new algorithm for estimating the extension of feasible bands in multivariate curve resolution of multicomponent systems in the presence of noise and rotational ambiguity
Authors: Olivieri Alejandro C. , Tauler Romà 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA new algorithm named N‐BANDS has been developed for the estimation of the combined effect of noise and rotational ambiguity in the bilinear decomposition of data matrices using the popular multivariate curve resolution–alternating least‐squares model. It is based on a nonlinear maximization and minimization of a component‐wise signal contribution function (SCF), with a single‐objective function and a separate module for applying a variety of constraints. The algorithm can be applied to multicomponent systems and efficiently estimates the extreme component profiles corresponding to maximum and minimum SCF in the presence of varying amounts of instrumental noise. Simulated systems mimicking multicomponent and multisample analytical calibration protocols have been studied, having uncalibrated interferents in the test samples. Different noise structures (independent and identically distributed, proportional and correlated) were added to the data matrices, with results that indicate an increase in the extension of feasible bands as the noise level increases.
Aldosterone Glucuronide, an Important Biomarker: Synthesis and Structure Elucidation of Novel Isomers
Authors: Guha Somraj , Senthilkumar Soundararasu , Voß Edgar , Tietze Lutz F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAldosterone 1 is a mineralocorticoid, it has great influence on the blood pressure and its glucuronide is an important marker for the detection of several diseases. Here, we describe the chemical synthesis of different aldosterone‐18‐ and 20‐glucuronides. Reaction of trimethylsilyl 2,3,4‐tri‐ acetyl‐1‐β‐glucuronic acid methyl ester 5 b and aldosterone diacetate 11 in the presence of TMSOTf gave the 18‐α‐glucuronide 9 a. The 18‐β‐glucuronide 15 b and the 20‐β‐glucuronide 16 b could be obtained by reaction of methyl 2,3,4‐tri‐O‐isobutyryl‐1α‐glucuronate trichloroacetimidate 14 and aldosterone 21‐acetate 8 in the presence of TMSOTf or BF3⋅OEt2. Finally, reaction of aldosterone 21‐acetate 8 and methyl 2,3,4‐triacetyl‐1α‐glucuronate trichloroacetimidate 19 in the presence of TMSOTf gave the corresponding methyl 18‐β‐triacetylglucuronate 9 b, which was transformed into the desired aldosterone‐18‐β‐glucuronide 3 by two enzyma‐ tic transformations.
Discovery of a Pyrimidinedione Derivative with Potent Inhibitory Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ketol–Acid Reductoisomerase
Authors: Lin Xin , Kurz Julia L. , Patel Khushboo M. , Wun Shun Jie , Hussein Waleed M. , Lonhienne Thierry , West Nicholas P. , McGeary Ross P. , Schenk Gerhard , Guddat Luke W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNew drugs aimed at novel targets are urgently needed to combat the increasing rate of drug‐resistant tuberculosis (TB). Herein, the National Cancer Institute Developmental Therapeutic Program (NCI‐DTP) chemical library was screened against a promising new target, ketol–acid reductoisomerase (KARI), the second enzyme in the branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA) biosynthesis pathway. From this library, 6‐hydroxy‐2‐methylthiazolo[4,5‐d]pyrimidine‐5,7(4H,6H)‐dione (NSC116565) was identified as a potent time‐dependent inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) KARI with a Ki of 95.4 nm. Isothermal titration calorimetry studies showed that this inhibitor bound to MtKARI in the presence and absence of the cofactor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), which was confirmed by crystal structures of the compound in complex with closely related Staphylococcus aureus KARI. It is also shown that NSC116565 inhibits the growth of H37Ra and H37Rv strains of Mt with MIC50 values of 2.93 and 6.06 μm, respectively. These results further validate KARI as a TB drug target and show that NSC116565 is a promising lead for anti‐TB drug development.
Activation of CS2 and CO2 by Silylium Cations
Authors: Jenne Carsten , Nierstenhöfer Marc C. , van Lessen Valentin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe hydride‐bridged silylium cation [Et3Si−H−SiEt3]+, stabilized by the weakly coordinating [Me3NB12Cl11]− anion, undergoes, in the presence of excess silane, a series of unexpected consecutive reactions with the valence‐isoelectronic molecules CS2 and CO2. The final products of the reaction with CS2 are methane and the previously unknown [(Et3Si)3S]+ cation. To gain insight into the entire reaction cascade, numerous experiments with varying conditions were performed, intermediate products were intercepted, and their structures were determined by X‐ray crystallography. Besides the [(Et3Si)3S]+ cation as the final product, crystal structures of [(Et3Si)2SMe]+, [Et3SiS(H)Me]+, and [Et3SiOC(H)OSiEt3]+ were obtained. Experimental results combined with supporting quantum‐chemical calculations in the gas phase and solution allow a detailed understanding of the reaction cascade.
Sensory evaluation: making it possible to experience basic chemical concepts with nose and tongue
Authors: Muche Stephanie , Pietzner Verena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSensorik ist das Prüfen und Messen von Lebensmitteleigenschaften mithilfe der menschlichen Sinne. Dabei können die menschlichen Sinnesorgane zum einen dazu eingesetzt werden, um zu überprüfen, ob Lebensmittel genusstauglich oder verdorben sind. Zum anderen können sie für sensorische Analysen eingesetzt werden, um Eigenschaften von Lebensmitteln zu identifizieren und zu quantifizieren. Demnach kann die Sensorik sowohl zur Überprüfung der Qualität als auch zur Akzeptanz von Lebensmitteln eingesetzt werden. Die verschiedenen sensorischen Untersuchungsmöglichkeiten können in hedonische und analytische Methoden unterschieden werden. In diesem Artikel werden zunächst der Geruchs‐ und Geschmackssinn sowohl anatomisch als auch unter chemischen Gesichtspunkten betrachtet. Im Anschluss werden mögliche Bezüge zu den Kerncurricula Chemie beider Sekundarstufen hergestellt. In der Online‐Ergänzung werden Experimente vorgestellt, die geeignet sind, um die Hintergründe des Riechens und Schmeckens experimentell zu erschließen.
MedChemTrain e‐School 2020: Event Highlights and Insights into Virtual Symposium Organization
Authors: Ramilo‐Gomes Filipa , António João P. M. , Mendes Maria Inês P. , Gomes Rafael F. A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVirtual events are flourishing with the world lockdown due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. As a result of the cancelation or postponement of scheduled physical meetings, a revolution in medicinal chemistry scientific meetings occurred, leading to an increase in new strategies to share science. One example are online events, namely e‐schools or webinars. Taking this into consideration, we decided to promote the MedChemTrain e‐School 2020, a virtual event aiming to bring together the scientific community and share some updates in the medicinal chemistry field. After organizing this free event, with more than 1.4 thousand participants worldwide, we decided to share some insights about the logistics behind organizing a virtual symposium to help scientists with this new challenge in science communication.