bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Tools in Increasing Income of Tribal Farmers of Karnataka
Authors: Ravindra H. , Sehgal Mukesh , Narasimhamurthy H. B. 
Published: October 2020

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) tools play a vital role in accessing the information on agriculture and allied activities most of the tribal farmers of Uttara Kannada district are accessing the information via mobile phones, television and radio. They express their views on ICT tools helps in getting the information on agriculture especially agriculture inputs, fertilizers, use of bioagents, insecticides and also management of pest an diseases in rice, chilli, areca nut and other vegetables, vermicomposting, value addition etc. The study has shown that poor finance facility in buying the ICT tools, lack of confidence in operating, lack of power supply, low network connectivity, lack of awareness of benefits of ICTs, lack of skill in handling ICTs, low ICT literacy, lack of repairing facilities, attitudinal barriers towards ICTs, lack of training and practical exposure, high cost of repairing ICTs and insufficient regional language were the major constraints faced by the farmers in the effective use of ICTs. Since there is an increased penetration in the level of availability and accessibility of ICTs among the farmers of the state, there is a need to ensure that the problems of the farmers are being met in order to enable the farming community derive maximum benefits on better access to information services through the use of ICTs for agriculture and other developmental purposes. This study seems to be the first report on usage of ICT tools by Tribal farmers in Karnataka.
Early design strategy for hybrid ground source heat pump systems for a commercial building
Authors: Yoon Gyuyoung 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this study, the design strategy for hybrid ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems consisting of GSHP and air source heat pump (ASHP) is investigated with a focus on the early design stages of an air conditioning system for a commercial building. A design procedure for determining the capacity ratio of the GSHP and ASHP is presented. Then, conservative values of the design parameters for the design process are described. A case study conducted according to the introduced procedure showed that the capacity ratio of GSHP and ASHP is influenced by the magnitude of the peak load of the building and building site conditions, as well as the configuration of ground source heat exchangers. Furthermore, an effort to reduce the peak load would increase the capacity ratio of the GSHP. It was shown that the capacity ratio would be approximately set by the site conditions, which can be a dominant constraint on GSHP capacity design. Finally, in the initial design phase, a design practice with conservative design values was instituted that would help in determining the capacity ratio and the configuration of the ground source heat exchangers.
A Pressure Self‐Adaptable Route for Uniform Lithium Plating and Stripping in Composite Anode
Authors: Shi Peng , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Shen Xin , Li Bo‐Quan , Zhang Rui , Hou Li‐Peng , Zhang Qiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLithium (Li) metal anode confronts impressive challenges to revolutionize the current rechargeable batteries due to the intractably unstable interface. The composite Li anode is proposed to relieve volume fluctuations and suppress Li dendrites apparently. However, the inner space of composite anodes still affords feasibility for the continuous growth of unconstrained Li dendrites, leading to a low utilization of deposited Li and even safety hazards. Herein, an emerging and rational strategy to design composite anodes is proposed to regulate the inner Li plating/stripping. The self‐adaptable pressure is generated by the filled elastic polymer inside conductive hosts, surpassing the yield strength of Li and confining Li to form a smooth morphology with a high utilization owing to the persistent electronic pathways under pressure. The pressure self‐adaptable composite anode renders 160 cycles with a capacity retention of 80% in comparison to 60 cycles with a planar Li under practical conditions. Moreover, a 1.0 Ah pouch cell undergoes 68 cycles impressively. This work not only presents a fresh perspective on regulation of inner Li plating/stripping by introducing a self‐adaptable pressure into the composite anode, but also demonstrates the avenue of exploring multifunctional composite anodes for practical Li metal batteries.
Photochemically Activated Notch Signaling Hydrogel Preferentially Differentiates Human Derived Hepatoblasts to Cholangiocytes
Authors: Rizwan Muhammad , Fokina Ana , Kivijärvi Tove , Ogawa Mina , Kufleitner Markus , Laselva Onofrio , Smith Laura J. , Bear Christine E. , Ogawa Shinichiro , Keller Gordon , Shoichet Molly S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCholangiocytes form an intricate network of bile ducts to enable proper liver function; yet, recapitulating human stem cell differentiation to cholangiocytes in vitro requires Notch signaling and soluble ligands do not activate the Notch pathway. To overcome these limitations, jagged1 is immobilized on a chemically defined hyaluronan to specifically differentiate human embryonic stem cell‐derived hepatoblasts to cholangiocytes. Hepatoblasts cultured on the jagged1‐hydrogels upregulate Notch target genes and express key cholangiocyte markers including cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Moreover, cholangiocytes adopt morphological changes that resemble liver biliary structures. To emulate natural biliary system development, a new strategy is developed to achieve spatiotemporal control over the Jagged1–Notch2 interaction: jagged1 is first caged with a photocleavable streptavidin and then it is uncaged photochemically to restore the biological function of Jagged1, which is confirmed with Notch2 activation in a fluorescent reporter cell line. Moreover, the differentiation of human embryonic stem cell‐derived hepatoblasts to cholangiocytes is temporally controlled with photochemical uncaging of this streptavidin‐Jagged1‐immobilized hyaluronan hydrogel. This strategy defines a framework to control protein signaling in time and space and specifically for Notch signaling for ultimate use in regenerative medicine strategies of the liver.
An Ultrasmall SnFe2O4 Nanozyme with Endogenous Oxygen Generation and Glutathione Depletion for Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Feng Lili , Liu Bin , Xie Rui , Wang Dongdong , Qian Cheng , Zhou Weiqiang , Liu Jiawei , Jana Deblin , Yang Piaoping , Zhao Yanli 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) with the characteristics of severe hypoxia, overexpressed glutathione (GSH), and high levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dramatically limits the antitumor efficiency by monotherapy. Herein, a novel TME‐modulated nanozyme employing tin ferrite (SnFe2O4, abbreviated as SFO) is presented for simultaneous photothermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and chemodynamic therapy (CDT). The as‐fabricated SFO nanozyme demonstrates both catalase‐like and GSH peroxidase‐like activities. In the TME, the activation of H2O2 leads to the generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) in situ for CDT and the consumption of GSH to relieve antioxidant capability of the tumors. Meanwhile, the nanozyme can catalyze H2O2 to generate oxygen to meliorate the tumor hypoxia, which is beneficial to achieve better PDT. Furthermore, the SFO nanozyme irradiated with 808 nm laser displays a prominent phototherapeutic effect on account of the enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency (η = 42.3%) and highly toxic free radical production performance. This “all in one” nanozyme integrated with multiple treatment modalities, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging properties, and persistent modulation of TME exhibits excellent tumor theranostic performance. This strategy may provide a new dimension for the design of other TME‐based anticancer strategies.
Microfluidic Multi‐Scale Homogeneous Mixing with Uniform Residence Time Distribution for Rapid Production of Various Metal Core–Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Shin Yonghee , Lim Youngwook , Kwak Taejin , Hwang Jeong Ha , Georgescu Andrei , Huh Dongeun , Kim Dongchoul , Kang Taewook 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSeed‐mediated growth of core–shell nanoparticles, which is conventionally performed in a batch reactor, is successfully reproduced in a microfluidic reactor for a facile production of uniform metal core–shell nanoparticles. The proposed microfluidic design is based on the microstructure inversion for achieving multi‐scale homogeneous mixing with uniform nanoparticle residence time. Simulations demonstrate that among the staggered herringbone microstructures investigated in this study, the upper herringbone (UH) structure can rapidly and homogeneously mix multiple‐sized reagents and can also prevent both the irreversible trapping and long residence time of the nanoparticles inside the microfluidic channel. A wide variety of metal core–shell nanoparticles, namely Au@Ag, Au@Pd, and Au@Au with an interior nanogap, are synthesized by using the microfluidic reactor with built‐in UH microstructures. The proposed microfluidic synthesis produces a more uniform shell size than the conventional batch synthesis. This work could significantly expand the practical utility of metal core–shell nanoparticles in a multitude of applications ranging from catalysis to nanomedicine.
Material Design of Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries: Fundamental Challenges and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Li Zhejun , Lu Yi‐Chun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRedox flow batteries (RFBs) are critical enablers for next‐generation grid‐scale energy‐storage systems, due to their scalability and flexibility in decoupling power and energy. Aqueous RFBs (ARFBs) using nonflammable electrolytes are intrinsically safe. However, their development has been limited by their low energy density and high cost. Developing ARFBs with higher energy density, lower cost, and longer lifespan than the current standard is of significant interest to academic and industrial research communities. Here, a critical review of the latest progress on advanced electrolyte material designs of ARFBs is presented, including a fundamental overview of their physicochemical properties, major challenges, and design strategies. Assessment methodologies and metrics for the evaluation of RFB stability are discussed. Finally, future directions for material design to realize practical applications and achieve the commercialization of ARFB energy‐storage systems are highlighted.
Halide Perovskite Lateral Heterostructures for Energy Routing Based Photonic Applications
Authors: Ren Yinjuan , Wang Ziming , Wang Yue , Wang Weihua , Feng Likuan , Xia Siyang , Zeng Haibo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSemiconductor heterostructures hold the promise for developing novel integrated devices with on‐demand photonic and optoelectronic properties. Herein, the perovskite lateral heterostructures in forms of microplates and microwires are fabricated by precise control of two‐step atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition course and the unique optical properties are demonstrated for the first time. The comprehensive spectroscopic and elemental mapping characterizations reveal the core‐shell‐like configuration of the individual heterostructure, which features the fascinating energy routing nature. Taking advantage of the effective photon recycling and the energy transfer processes, the record‐low threshold (≈3.5 µJ cm−2) lasing and the indirect pumping induced lasers from the single micro‐heterostructure are demonstrated. Moreover, the distinctive optical waveguides with propagation length independent output spectra from the microwire heterostructure are realized. These findings represent a significant advance in developing novel and functional optoelectronic devices by engineering the perovskite heterostructure.
Efficient Sky‐Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Using a Highly Horizontally Oriented Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Crovini Ettore , dos Santos Paloma L. , Naqvi Bilal A. , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Sahay Prakhar , Brütting Wolfgang , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Bräse Stefan , Zysman‐Colman Eli 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOrganic thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials can harvest 100% of the electrically generated excitons as a result of their small singlet–triplet energy difference. However, maximizing the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of a device also requires enhancing the light out‐coupling efficiency. This work presents a new acceptor–donor–acceptor (ADA) emitter employing an indolocarbazole donor and diphenyltriazine acceptors that show nearly‐completely horizontal orientation regardless of the host matrix, leading to a sky‐blue organic light‐emitting diode (λEL = 483 nm, CIE coordinates of 0.17, 0.32) with EQEMAX of 22.1%, a maximum luminance of 7800 cd m−2, and blue emission.
Discordant Monozygotic Parkinson Disease Twins: Role of Mitochondrial Integrity
Authors: Dulovic‐Mahlow Marija , König Inke R. , Trinh Joanne , Diaw Sokhna Haissatou , Urban Peter P. , Knappe Evelyn , Kuhnke Neele , Ingwersen Lena‐Christin , Hinrichs Frauke , Weber Joachim , Kupnicka Patrycja , Balck Alexander , Delcambre Sylvie , Vollbrandt Tillman , Grünewald Anne , Klein Christine , Seibler Philip , Lohmann Katja 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveEven though genetic predisposition has proven to be an important element in Parkinson's disease (PD) etiology, monozygotic (MZ) twins with PD displayed a concordance rate of only about 20% despite their shared identical genetic background.MethodsWe recruited 5 pairs of MZ twins discordant for idiopathic PD and established skin fibroblast cultures to investigate mitochondrial phenotypes in these cellular models against the background of a presumably identical genome. To test for genetic differences, we performed whole genome sequencing, deep mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing, and tested for mitochondrial deletions by multiplex real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the fibroblast cultures. Further, the fibroblast cultures were tested for mitochondrial integrity by immunocytochemistry, immunoblotting, flow cytometry, and real‐time PCR to quantify gene expression.ResultsGenome sequencing did not identify any genetic difference. We found decreased mitochondrial functionality with reduced cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, altered mitochondrial morphology, elevated protein levels of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and increased levels of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma coactivator‐α (PPARGC1A) messenger RNA (mRNA) in skin fibroblast cultures from the affected compared to the unaffected twins. Further, there was a tendency for a higher number of somatic mtDNA variants among the affected twins.InterpretationWe demonstrate disease‐related differences in mitochondrial integrity in the genetically identical twins. Of note, the clinical expression matches functional alterations of the mitochondria. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:158–164
Protofibril–Fibril Interactions Inhibit Amyloid Fibril Assembly by Obstructing Secondary Nucleation
Authors: Hasecke Filip , Niyangoda Chamani , Borjas Gustavo , Pan Jianjun , Matthews Garrett , Muschol Martin , Hoyer Wolfgang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAmyloid‐β peptides (Aβ) assemble into both rigid amyloid fibrils and metastable oligomers termed AβO or protofibrils. In Alzheimer's disease, Aβ fibrils constitute the core of senile plaques, but Aβ protofibrils may represent the main toxic species. Aβ protofibrils accumulate at the exterior of senile plaques, yet the protofibril–fibril interplay is not well understood. Applying chemical kinetics and atomic force microscopy to the assembly of Aβ and lysozyme, protofibrils are observed to bind to the lateral surfaces of amyloid fibrils. When utilizing Aβ variants with different critical oligomer concentrations, the interaction inhibits the autocatalytic proliferation of amyloid fibrils by secondary nucleation on the fibril surface. Thus, metastable oligomers antagonize their replacement by amyloid fibrils both by competing for monomers and blocking secondary nucleation sites. The protofibril—fibril interaction governs their temporal evolution and potential to exert specific toxic activities.
Tag‐Free Internal RNA Labeling and Photocaging Based on mRNA Methyltransferases
Authors: Ovcharenko Anna , Weissenboeck Florian P. , Rentmeister Andrea 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe mRNA modification N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is associated with multiple roles in cell function and disease. The methyltransferases METTL3‐METTL14 and METTL16 act as “writers” for different target transcripts and sequence motifs. The modification is perceived by dedicated “reader” and “eraser” proteins, but not by polymerases. We report that METTL3‐14 shows remarkable cosubstrate promiscuity, enabling sequence‐specific internal labeling of RNA without additional guide RNAs. The transfer of ortho‐nitrobenzyl and 6‐nitropiperonyl groups allowed enzymatic photocaging of RNA in the consensus motif, which impaired polymerase‐catalyzed primer extension in a reversible manner. METTL16 was less promiscuous but suitable for chemo‐enzymatic labeling using different types of click chemistry. Since both enzymes act on distinct sequence motifs, their combination allowed orthogonal chemo‐enzymatic modification of different sites in a single RNA.
Decoding Protein Gas‐Phase Stability with Alanine Scanning and Collision‐Induced Unfolding Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Bellamy‐Carter Jeddidiah , O'Grady Louisa , Passmore Munro , Jenner Matthew , Oldham Neil J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNative mass spectrometry is a widely used tool in structural biology, providing information on protein structure and interactions through preservation of complexes in the gas phase. Herein, the importance of intramolecular non‐covalent interactions in the gas phase has been studied by alanine scanning and collision‐induced unfolding (CIU) ion mobility‐mass spectrometry. Mutation of specific polar and ionic residues on the surface of an acyl carrier protein (ACP) were found to destabilise the compact gas‐phase structure with mutants E31A, D32A, D41A and D65A being particularly destabilised. Molecular dynamics simulations of the ACP 7+ and 8+ ions showed extended intramolecular interactions, resulting from sidechain collapse of polar surface residues, which were confined to the gas phase and consistent with the CIU data. These findings provide evidence for the importance of specific ionic residues, and their interactions, in the maintenance of compact protein gas‐phase structure.
Improved dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)–BaTiO3 composites by solvent‐free processing
Authors: Brunengo Elisabetta , Conzatti Lucia , Schizzi Ilaria , Buscaglia Maria Teresa , Canu Giovanna , Curecheriu Lavinia , Costa Chiara , Castellano Maila , Mitoseriu Liliana , Stagnaro Paola , Buscaglia Vincenzo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractComposites of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and BaTiO3 nanoparticles (average diameter ca. 125 nm) are fabricated by a solvent‐free and industrially scalable technique, that is, melt blending, followed by compression molding. The effect of processing parameters on the spectroscopic, microstructural, thermal, mechanical and dielectric properties are evaluated as a function of composition (loading up to 30 vol%). The presence of nanoparticle inclusions as well as specific compression molding parameters demonstrate both to affect the molecular relaxations of the PVDF matrix, studied by correlating the results of different techniques, and to induce the PVDF crystallization as β phase. Processing parameters also play a key role for optimizing the dielectric properties. An improved dielectric behavior of the composites is obtained in terms of both permittivity, whose value increases up to four times that of neat PVDF, and dielectric losses, lower than 5% between 10 and 3·104 Hz. The obtained performances resulted enhanced compared to analogous composites prepared with the use of solvents.
Liquid crystal behavior of cellulose nanoparticles‐ethyl cellulose composites: Preparation, characterization, and rheology
Authors: Basta Altaf H. , Lotfy Vivian F. , Micky Jehane A. , Salem Aya M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis work deals with assessing the approach for preparation of cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) to be acted as synergistic component in liquid crystal (LC) ethyl cellulose composite (EC‐CNPs). In this respect different structures of CNPs were prepared by acid and salt agents. These prepared CNPs were characterized by carboxyl content, IR, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and zeta potential, while their composites with EC were characterized by rheological measurements as a key factor for measuring the critical concentration of LC behavior. The results showed that, the crystallinity of CNPs obtained by ammonium persulfate exceeded that prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis. TEM images of stained CNPs showed both methods led to produce nanoparticles have rod like shape with aspect ratio (L/W) between 7.69 ± 3 and 31.3 ± 5. For the rheological measurements, it demonstrated the efficient of incorporating the CNPs to EC (EC‐CNPs composites) to decrease the critical concentration of EC from 40 wt% to approximately 34 wt%.
Chondrogenic stimulation in mesenchymal stem cells using scaffold‐based sustained release of platelet‐rich plasma
Authors: Bolandi Behzad , Imani Rana , Bonakdar Shahin , Fakhrzadeh Hossein 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDeveloping minimal invasive strategies via injectable hydrogels for effective repairing of cartilage defects is highly desired. Injectable hydrogels, which can simultaneously embed cell and growth factors (GFs), serve as in situ formed scaffolds and could support an accelerated tissue regeneration process. The purpose of this study is to fabricate a composite injectable hydrogel, based on alginate (Alg)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) incorporating platelet rich plasma (PRP)‐encapsulated Alg sulfate (AlgS) microbeads, as a localized sustained release system of GFs, for the articular cartilage regeneration. The results show that synthesized AlgS microbeads support the sustained release of PRP GFs during 14 days, where preserve the bioactivity of them more than the free PRP. Rabbit adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in contact with PRP‐loaded AlgS beads show more proliferation (2.7 folds) and have obviously higher deposition of collagen type ΙΙ and GAGs than free PRP treated ones. In addition, cells encapsulated into the hydrogel including PRP sustained release system show upregulated expression of collagen type ΙΙ (61 folds), Aggrecan (294 folds) and SOX9 (71.5 folds), as cartilage‐critical genes, compared to the direct treatment by PRP. To summarize, the developed hybrid Alg/PVA hydrogel embedding with PRP‐encapsulated AlgS microbeads is suggested as a potential in situ formed scaffold for cartilage regeneration.