bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peer-assisted learning in simulation-based medical education: a mixed-methods exploratory study
Authors: Nunnink Leo , Thompson Andrea , Alsaba Nemat , Brazil Victoria 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionPeer-assisted learning (PAL) is well described in medical education but there has been little research on its application in simulation-based education (SBE). This exploratory study aimed to determine the perceptions of senior medical students at two universities to teaching and learning in SBE using PAL (PAL-SBE).MethodsNinety-seven medical students at two universities working in small groups with facilitator oversight wrote, ran and debriefed a simulation scenario for their peers.This was a mixed-methods study. Participants completed a written free-text and Likert survey instrument, and participated in a facilitated focus group immediately after the scenario. Thematic analysis was performed on the free-text and focus group transcripts.ResultsStudent-led scenarios ran without major technical issues. Instructor presence was required throughout scenario delivery and debrief, making the exercise resource intensive. Participant responses were more positive regarding learning as peer teachers in simulation than they were regarding participation as a peer learner. Five themes were identified: learning in the simulated environment; teaching in the simulated environment; teaching peers and taking on an educator role; learning from peers; and time and effort expended. Perceived benefits included learning in depth through scenario writing, improved knowledge retention, understanding the patient’s perspective and learning to give feedback through debriefing.ConclusionPAL in SBE is feasible and was perceived positively by students. Perceived benefits appear to be greater for the peer teachers than for peer learners.
Bintrafusp alfa, a bifunctional fusion protein targeting TGF-β and PD-L1, in patients with human papillomavirus-associated malignancies
Authors: Strauss Julius , Gatti-Mays Margaret E , Cho Byoung Chul , Hill Andrew , Salas Sébastien , McClay Edward , Redman Jason M , Sater Houssein A , Donahue Renee N , Jochems Caroline , Lamping Elizabeth , Burmeister Andrea , Marté Jennifer L , Cordes Lisa M , Bilusic Marijo , Karzai Fatima , Ojalvo Laureen S , Jehl Genevieve , Rolfe P Alexander , Hinrichs Christian S , Madan Ravi A , Schlom Jeffrey , Gulley James L 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundBintrafusp alfa is a first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of transforming growth factor (TGF)-βRII (a TGF-β ‘trap’) fused to a human IgG1 mAb blocking programmed cell death ligand 1. This is the largest analysis of patients with advanced, pretreated human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated malignancies treated with bintrafusp alfa.MethodsIn these phase 1 (NCT02517398) and phase 2 trials (NCT03427411), 59 patients with advanced, pretreated, checkpoint inhibitor-naive HPV-associated cancers received bintrafusp alfa intravenously every 2 weeks until progressive disease, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal. Primary endpoint was best overall response per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) V.1.1; other endpoints included safety.ResultsAs of April 17, 2019 (phase 1), and October 4, 2019 (phase 2), the confirmed objective response rate per RECIST V.1.1 in the checkpoint inhibitor-naive, full-analysis population was 30.5% (95% CI, 19.2% to 43.9%; five complete responses); eight patients had stable disease (disease control rate, 44.1% (95% CI, 31.2% to 57.6%)). In addition, three patients experienced a delayed partial response after initial disease progression, for a total clinical response rate of 35.6% (95% CI, 23.6% to 49.1%). An additional patient with vulvar cancer had an unconfirmed response. Forty-nine patients (83.1%) experienced treatment-related adverse events, which were grade 3/4 in 16 patients (27.1%). No treatment-related deaths occurred.ConclusionBintrafusp alfa showed clinical activity and manageable safety and is a promising treatment in HPV-associated cancers. These findings support further investigation of bintrafusp alfa in patients with advanced, pretreated HPV-associated cancers.
Functional electrical stimulation in-bed cycle ergometry in mechanically ventilated patients: a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Berney Sue , Hopkins Ramona O , Rose Joleen Wyn , Koopman Rene , Puthucheary Zudin , Pastva Amy , Gordon Ian , Colantuoni Elizabeth , Parry Selina M , Needham Dale M , Denehy Linda 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
To investigate the effect of functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycle ergometry (FES-cycling) on muscle strength, cognitive impairment and related outcomes.

Methods

Mechanically ventilated patients aged ≥18 years with sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome were randomised to either 60 min of FES-cycling
>
5 days/week while in the intensive care unit (ICU) plus usual care rehabilitation versus usual care rehabilitation alone, with evaluation of two primary outcomes: (1) muscle strength at hospital discharge and (2) cognitive impairment at 6-month follow-up.

Results
We enrolled 162 participants, across four study sites experienced in ICU rehabilitation in Australia and the USA, to FES-cycling (n=80; mean age±SD 59±15) versus control (n=82; 56±14). Intervention participants received a median (IQR) of 5 (3–9) FES-cycling sessions with duration of 56 (34–63) min/day plus 15 (10–23) min/day of usual care rehabilitation. The control group received 15 (8–15) min/day of usual care rehabilitation. In the intervention versus control group, there was no significant differences for muscle strength at hospital discharge (mean difference (95% CI) 3.3 (−5.0 to 12.1) Nm), prevalence of cognitive impairment at 6 months (OR 1.1 (95% CI 0.30 to 3.8)) or secondary outcomes measured in-hospital and at 6 and 12 months follow-up.

Conclusion
In this randomised controlled trial, undertaken at four centres with established rehabilitation programmes, the addition of FES-cycling to usual care rehabilitation did not substantially increase muscle strength at hospital discharge. At 6 months, the incidence of cognitive impairment was almost identical between groups, but potential benefit or harm of the intervention on cognition cannot be excluded due to imprecision of the estimated effect.

Trial registration number

ACTRN 12612000528853,
NCT02214823
.
Triangle singularity as the origin of $$X_0(2900)$$ and $$X_1(2900)$$ observed in $$B^+\rightarrow D^+ D^- K^+$$
Authors: Liu Xiao-Hai , Yan Mao-Jun , Ke Hong-Wei , Li Gang , Xie Ju-Jun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe LHCb collaboration recently reported the observation of a narrow peak in the $$D^- K^+$$

D
-

K
+

invariant mass distributions from the $$B^+\rightarrow D^+ D^- K^+$$

B
+

→

D
+

D
-

K
+

decay. The peak is parameterized in terms of two resonances $$X_0(2900)$$

X
0

(
2900
)

and $$X_1(2900)$$

X
1

(
2900
)

with the quark contents $${\bar{c}}{\bar{s}}ud$$

c

¯

s

¯

u
d

, and their spin-parity quantum numbers are $$0^+$$

0
+

and $$1^-$$

1
-

, respectively. We investigate the rescattering processes which may contribute to the $$B^+\rightarrow D^+ D^- K^+$$

B
+

→

D
+

D
-

K
+

decays. It is shown that the $$D^{*-}K^{*+}$$

D

∗
-

K

∗
+

rescattering via the $$\chi _{c1}K^{*+}D^{*-}$$

χ

c
1

K

∗
+

D

∗
-

loop and the $${\bar{D}}_{1}^{0}K^{0}$$

D

¯

1

0

K
0

rescattering via the $$D_{sJ}^{+}{\bar{D}}_{1}^{0}K^{0}$$

D

sJ

+

D

¯

1

0

K
0

loop can simulate the $$X_0(2900)$$

X
0

(
2900
)

and $$X_1(2900)$$

X
1

(
2900
)

with consistent quantum numbers. Such phenomena are due to the analytical property of the scattering amplitudes with the triangle singularities located to the vicinity of the physical boundary.
Ontology Learning from Relational Database: Opportunities for Semantic Information Integration
Authors: Ma Chuangtao , Molnár Bálint 
Published: December 2020

Along with the rapidly growing scale of relational database (RDB), how to construct domain-related ontologies from various databases effectively and efficiently has been a bottleneck of the ontology-based integration. The traditional methods for constructing ontology from RDB are mainly based on the manual mapping and transformation, which not only requires a lot of human experience but also easily leads to the semantic loss during the transformation. Ontology learning from RDB is a new paradigm to (semi-)automatically construct ontologies from RDB by borrowing the techniques of machine learning, it provides potential opportunities for integrating heterogeneous data from various data sources efficiently. This paper surveys the recent methods and tools of the ontology learning from RDB, and highlights the potential opportunities and challenges of using ontology learning in semantic information integration. Initially, the previous surveys on the topic of the ontology-based integration and ontology learning were summarized, and then the limitations of previous surveys were identified and analyzed. Furthermore, the methods and techniques of ontology learning from RDB were investigated by classifying into three categories: reverse engineering, mapping, and machine learning. Accordingly, the opportunities and possibility of using ontology learning from RDB in semantic information integration were discussed based on the mapping results between the bottlenecks of ontology-based integration and the features of ontology learning. a a This paper is an extension of our prior work [C. Ma and B. Molnár, Use of ontology learning in information system integration: A literature survey, in Intelligent Information and Database Systems, eds. P. Sitek, M. Pietranik, M. Krótkiewicz and C. Srinilta, Communications in Computer and Information Science, Vol. 1178 (Springer, Singapore, 2020), pp. 342–353]
The Prohibition of Discrimination and Unequal Treatment of Women and Homosexuals in the Spheres of Work and in Public Life
Authors: Ziebertz Hans-Georg , Unser Alexander 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Differences in race, ethnic origin, gender, belief and worldview, disability and chronic disease, age, and sexual orientation must not be a reason for discriminating against people. Non-discrimination is enshrined as a fundamental right in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in numerous subsequent documents and in the constitutions of democratic states. Also the major religions are hostile to discriminatory distinctions. Among the groups that repeatedly experience discrimination are, on the one hand, women, who have to put up with disadvantages even in countries that advocate equality. Secondly, they include people with a homosexual orientation, who sometimes have to endure open rejection. This research uses a sample of N=5363 from 10 countries to examine the attitudes of young people about non-discrimination. Specifically, it asks whether religious belonging and the country of origin show any impact on this attitude, and whether the religiosity of respondents moderates the influence of religion and country. The empirical findings show that discrimination against women is rejected, but with differences between religious groups and countries. Homosexuality is seen more controversially and there is no uniform rejection of discrimination against homosexuals. However, depending on religious affiliation and national context, individual religiosity can have positive and negative effects on the rejection of discrimination.
Halal Markets in non-Muslim Secular Societies
Authors: Turaeva Rano , Brose Michael 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The introduction to the special issue discusses the important aspects of the studies of Halal markets in non-Muslim countries and outlines the contributions of the special issue. It also provides a general theoretical outline to bring the articles of the issue together which also offers a starting point for further discussions about sociological and anthropological studies of Halal economies. The major focus within our discussion of halal practices and definitions of halal is on the moral and rational reasoning behind halal marketing and consumption. These questions open more space for further interpretation of halal in secular contexts.
Religion and the Chinese Diaspora in Southeast Asia
Authors: Dean Kenneth 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper uses three case studies—(1) community building by Methodist Chinese in Sibu, Sarawak; (2) the construction of transnational temple networks originating in Chinese temples in Sibu; and (3) hybrid spirit medium processions in Kalimantan—to explore aspects of the role of religion within the Chinese diaspora in Southeast Asia. Analytic approaches to Chinese religion proposed by Weber and Mauss are discussed, and an argument is made in favor of following the spread of civilizational techniques into hybrid social and ritual formations.
Migration and the Question of New Political Possibilities: Nicholas De Genova and Sandro Mezzadra—In Dialogue
Authors: De Genova Nicholas , Mezzadra Sandro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This is a dialogue between Nicholas De Genova and Sandro Mezzadra, two scholars working at the edges of disciplinarity on matters of migration, capitalism, and politics. It includes questions and comments from the audience in attendance for the original public event held in London in 2015, and new questions proposed by the editors of pariss in 2020. Reflecting upon the points of departure, challenges, and turns that have marked their respective iteneraries as thinkers and activists, in and beyond academe, this article makes a timely and much needed intervention on the permutations and politics of labor, mobility, and subjectivity.
The Relationship between Precipitation and Precipitable Water in CMIP6 Simulations and Implications for Tropical Climatology and Change
Authors: Hagos Samson M. , Leung L. Ruby , Garuba Oluwayemi A. , Demott Charlotte , Harrop Bryce , Lu Jian , Ahn Min-Seop 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIt is well documented that over the tropical oceans, column-integrated precipitable water (pw) and precipitation (P) have a nonlinear relationship. In this study moisture budget analysis is used to examine this P–pw relationship in a normalized precipitable water framework. It is shown that the parameters of the nonlinear relationship depend on the vertical structure of moisture convergence. Specifically, the precipitable water values at which precipitation is balanced independently by evaporation versus by moisture convergence define a critical normalized precipitable water, pwnc. This is a measure of convective inhibition that separates tropical precipitation into two regimes: a local evaporation-controlled regime with widespread drizzle and a precipitable water–controlled regime. Most of the 17 CMIP6 historical simulations examined here have higher pwnc compared to ERA5, and more frequently they operate in the drizzle regime. When compared to observations, they overestimate precipitation over the high-evaporation oceanic regions off the equator, thereby producing a “double ITCZ” feature, while underestimating precipitation over the large tropical landmasses and over the climatologically moist oceanic regions near the equator. The responses to warming under the SSP585 scenario are also examined using the normalized precipitable water framework. It is shown that the critical normalized precipitable water value at which evaporation versus moisture convergence balance precipitation decreases as a result of the competing dynamic and thermodynamic responses to warming, resulting in an increase in drizzle and total precipitation. Statistically significant historical trends corresponding to the thermodynamic and dynamic changes are detected in ERA5 and in low-intensity drizzle precipitation in the PERSIANN precipitation dataset.
Modeled Response of South American Climate to Three Decades of Deforestation
Authors: Jiang Yelin , Wang Guiling , Liu Weiguang , Erfanian Amir , Peng Qing , Fu Rong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the potential effects of historical deforestation in South America using a regional climate model driven with reanalysis data. Two different sources of data were used to quantify deforestation during the 1980s to 2010s, leading to two scenarios of forest loss: smaller but spatially continuous in scenario 1 and larger but spatially scattered in scenario 2. The model simulates a generally warmer and drier local climate following deforestation. Vegetation canopy becomes warmer due to reduced canopy evapotranspiration, and ground becomes warmer due to more radiation reaching the ground. The warming signal for surface air is weaker than for ground and vegetation, likely due to reduced surface roughness suppressing the sensible heat flux. For surface air over deforested areas, the warming signal is stronger for the nighttime minimum temperature and weaker or even becomes a cooling signal for the daytime maximum temperature, due to the strong radiative effects of albedo at midday, which reduces the diurnal amplitude of temperature. The drying signals over deforested areas include lower atmospheric humidity, less precipitation, and drier soil. The model identifies the La Plata basin as a region remotely influenced by deforestation, where a simulated increase of precipitation leads to wetter soil, higher ET, and a strong surface cooling. Over both deforested and remote areas, the deforestation-induced surface climate changes are much stronger in scenario 2 than scenario 1; coarse-resolution data and models (such as in scenario 1) cannot represent the detailed spatial structure of deforestation and underestimate its impact on local and regional climates.
Alteration of Smell and Taste in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients in Sicily, Italy
Authors: Bianco Maria Rita , Modica Domenico M. , Drago Gaetano D. , Azzolina Alfio , Mattina Gianfranco , De Natale Massimo , Rossi Giuseppe , Amata Marta , Canzoneri Gaspare , Manganaro Giovanni , Di Gregorio Francesco , Russo Rosario , Pricoco Salvatore , Saita Vincenzo , Allegra Eugenia 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: Alteration of smell and taste has been reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The incidence and clinical-symptomatic manifestation of COVID-19 is different between northern and southern Italy. This study aims to evaluate the onset of alteration of smell and taste in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients in Sicily (extreme south of Italy). Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was performed on asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) from May 1 to May 15, 2020. A questionnaire was used for evaluating the prevalence of smell and taste disorders in COVID-19 patients before performing nasopharyngeal swab. Results: Of the total 292 patients, 242 (83.2%) were negative for SARS-CoV-2 and 50 were positive (16.8%). Twenty-six of the 50 (52%) SARS-CoV-2 positive patients reported smell/taste disorders. Twenty-eight of the 50 (57.1%) SARS-CoV-2 positive patients were hospitalized (group A), and 22 (42.9%) were nonhospitalized (group B). The mean age in group A and group B was 45.4 ± 13.7 years and 57.0 ± 15.0, respectively ( P = .007). The symptoms reported by hospitalized patients were fever (71.4%), cough (64.2%), fatigue (82.1%), and dyspnea (100%), while in nonhospitalized patients, the most reported symptoms were sore throat (72.7%), rhinorrhea (77.2%), and altered smell (81.8%). Anosmia/hyposmia reported in group A and group B was 28.5% and 81.8%, respectively ( P = .001). Conclusion: These preliminary results indicate that the majority of SARS-Cov-2 positive patients in southern Italy did not require hospitalization and presented with milder symptoms or no symptoms and the alterations in smell and taste occurred.
Clinical effectiveness and potential long-term benefits of high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy for patients with adenomyosis
Authors: Li Wei , Mao Jiayu , Liu Yang , Zhu Ying , Li Xiaojing , Zhang Zhigang , Bai Xuechai , Zheng Wei , Wang Liang 
Published: December 2020

Objectives Adenomyosis is a common and refractory disease in gynecology. Preserving the uterus during treatment for adenomyosis remains a problem. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is widely used in treatment of solid tumors. This study aimed to analyze patients with adenomyosis who were treated by HIFU and to preliminarily examine the characteristics of patients who are more suitable for HIFU to treat adenomyosis with reliable efficacy. Methods Over 2 years, 67 women who were diagnosed with adenomyosis and treated with HIFU at our gynecology department were included in this study. We investigated outcomes of their symptoms (dysmenorrhea and hypermenorrhea) and the volume of their uterine lesions. We also compared the patients’ clinical profiles. Results The women had a mean follow-up duration of 11.6 ± 0.46 months. In the numerical rating scale, used to assess the degree of dysmenorrhea, the score was significantly lower (mean difference: −1.94, 95% confidence interval: −2.704 to −1.176) 3 months after HIFU treatment compared with before treatment, then it remained stable for 3 to 12 months. Hypermenorrhea was reduced to a certain degree, with a mean difference of −0.54 (−1.01–0.02). Conclusions HIFU is a new noninvasive treatment method for adenomyosis that may help relieve dysmenorrhea.
Nonunion Rates in Hind- and Midfoot Arthrodesis in Current, Ex-, and Nonsmokers
Authors: Allport Jack , Ramaskandhan Jayasree , Siddique Malik S. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Nonunion rates in hind or midfoot arthrodesis have been reported as high as 41%. The most notable and readily modifiable risk factor that has been identified is smoking. In 2018, 14.4% of the UK population were active smokers. We examined the effect of smoking status on union rates for a large cohort of patients undergoing hind- or midfoot arthrodesis. Methods: In total, 381 consecutive primary joint arthrodeses were identified from a single surgeon’s logbook (analysis performed on a per joint basis, with a triple fusion reported as 3 separate joints). Patients were divided based on self-reported smoking status. Primary outcome was clinical union. Delayed union, infection, and the need for ultrasound bone stimulation were secondary outcomes. Results: Smoking prevalence was 14.0%, and 32.2% were ex-smokers. Groups were comparable for sex, diabetes, and body mass index. Smokers were younger and had fewer comorbidities. Nonunion rates were higher in smokers (relative risk, 5.81; 95% CI, 2.54-13.29; P < .001) with no statistically significant difference between ex-smokers and nonsmokers. Smokers had higher rates of infection ( P = .05) and bone stimulator use ( P < .001). Among smokers, there was a trend toward slower union with heavier smoking ( P = .004). Conclusion: This large retrospective cohort study confirmed previous evidence that smoking has a considerable negative effect on union in arthrodesis. The 5.81 relative risk in a modifiable risk factor is extremely high. Arthrodesis surgery should be undertaken with extreme caution in smokers. Our study shows that after cessation of smoking, the risk returns to normal, but we were unable to quantify the time frame. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.