Abstract IA18: The PI3K isoforms in myeloid leukemia and hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Hemmati Shayda , Sinclair Taneisha , Tong Meng , Bartholdy Boris , Okabe Rachel , Ames Kristina , Ostrodka Leanne , Haque Tamanna , Kaur Imit , Agarwal Anupriya , Zhao Jean , Roberts Thomas , Gritsman Kira 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Class IA PI3 kinase isoforms (p110α, β, and δ) transduce many growth factor signals that are important for the proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Mutations in growth factor receptors or RAS proteins are commonly observed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), leading to activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Therefore, PI3K inhibition is an attractive therapeutic strategy for a large subset of AML patients. We previously reported that p110α is dispensable for HSC function, suggesting that redundancy exists between the Class IA isoforms in HSCs (Gritsman et al., J Clin Invest 2014). However, we have identified a specific role for p110α in RAS-mutated myeloid leukemia. Furthermore, we found that the p110α-selective inhibitor BYL-719 can sensitize RAS-mutated leukemic cells to the MEK inhibitor MEK-162. While PI3K inhibitors have multiple clinical indications, including in hematologic malignancies, it is still unclear whether PI3K plays an important role in normal HSC function. Upon environmental stresses like chemotherapy or infection, quiescent HSCs must enter the cell cycle to re-establish homeostasis and promote emergency myelopoiesis. To test for redundancy between p110α and p110δ in HSCs, we generated p110α and p110δ double knockout (DKO) mice, with germline deletion of p110δ and conditional deletion of p110α. DKO mice have leukopenia, anemia, and decreased numbers of lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors (LMPPs) in the bone marrow, though HSC numbers are unchanged. In competitive repopulation assays, B-cell maintenance was severely impaired, while the myeloid and T-cell lineages were relatively preserved. This suggests that HSC function is not impaired at steady state. We performed transcriptome analysis of DKO, p110δ, and p110α KO HSCs and LMPPs after bone marrow transplantation. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed downregulation of gene sets associated with cell cycle progression. Interestingly, we also observed negative enrichment of inflammatory response gene sets in both p110δ KO and DKO HSCs and LMPPs. To examine the roles of p110δ and α in the hematopoietic stress response, we injected p110δ, DKO, and WT mice with 5-fluorouracil. We observed significantly decreased survival of 5-FU-treated DKO mice due to impaired hematopoietic recovery, associated with the failure of HSCs to enter the cell cycle. Consistent with this finding, we also observed a decrease in myeloid reconstitution by DKO HSCs in secondary competitive transplantation, suggesting that p110α and p110δ play redundant roles in emergency myelopoiesis. We also observed defects in downstream signaling in DKO HSCs and progenitors in response to IL1β or TNFα stimulation. Our results suggest that p110α and δ act in a redundant fashion to transduce specific inflammatory signals in HSPCs in response to hematopoietic stress. Our results have important implications for the use of PI3K inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy and in other hematopoietic stress conditions.
Citation Format: Shayda Hemmati, Taneisha Sinclair, Meng Tong, Boris Bartholdy, Rachel Okabe, Kristina Ames, Leanne Ostrodka, Tamanna Haque, Imit Kaur, Anupriya Agarwal, Jean Zhao, Thomas Roberts, Kira Gritsman. The PI3K isoforms in myeloid leukemia and hematopoietic stem cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Targeting PI3K/mTOR Signaling; 2018 Nov 30-Dec 8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(10_Suppl):Abstract nr IA18.