bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image Inpainting Research Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Li Zhao , Ruixia Zhao 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
With the rapid development of computer technology, image inpainting has become a research hotspot in the field of deep learning. Image inpainting belongs to the intersection of computer vision and computer graphics, and is an image processing technology between image editing and image generation. The proposal of generative adversarial network effectively improves the problems of poor image inpainting effect and large difference between the inpainting image and the target image, and promotes the development of image inpainting technology. In this paper, the image inpainting is based on the generation of confrontation networks. Its network structure establishes two repair paths, namely the reconstruction path and the generation path, and the two paths correspond to two groups of networks. The encoder and generator in the network respectively complete the encoding and decoding tasks based on the residual network. The discriminator also uses the patch block discriminator on the basis of the residual network to discriminate the authenticity of the image. This paper uses Places2 data set to verify the algorithm, and uses PSNR and SSIM two objective evaluation methods to evaluate the quality of the repaired image. Experiments show that the algorithm inpainting effect is better.
Design and Research of Security System in University Laboratory
Authors: Li Ding , Xuerong Shi , Dujuan Zhang , Yulei Su 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The laboratory is an important place for teaching and scientific research in major universities, and plays an important role in the work of universities. The resources equipped by the laboratory occupy a large part of the resources of the entire school. The laboratory security system plays an important role in ensuring the safety of the laboratory and preventing the loss of equipment. Today’s laboratory security systems have factors such as low automation, insufficient management, and inadequate safety in the experimental environment. Moreover, most security systems are built using wired methods, which have problems such as cumbersome wiring, aging lines, and difficult maintenance. In view of the many problems in the current laboratory management, this paper proposes a security system designed and implemented by the ZigBee technology of the Internet of Things. The system uses a wireless network to monitor laboratory access control and the environment, realizing the intelligence of the laboratory security system.
A Study of Edge Computing Offloading Based on Security
Authors: Pei Luo , Juchao Lei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
With the widespread use of IOT scenario and the development of mobile network technology, the access to many devices at the edge of the network has generated an exponential increase in the volume of data, bringing higher than ever before the demand for data transmission bandwidth, traditional centralized cloud computing can no longer meet the demand, the need to adopt edge computing distributed collaborative approach to data processing. In this paper, we study a mobile edge computing model based on energy consumption optimization management under a certain delay constraint, focus on an edge computing offload scheme based on security management, and design an offload decision scheme based on a multi-objective optimization hybrid quantum evolution algorithm (MHQEA) to ensure the security of user equipments during computing offload in the edge network and reduce total system energy consumption.
Shifting leadership out of the backyard: Expanding opportunities for women leading in higher education in the Solomon Islands
Authors: Maezama Susanne 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In the Solomon Islands, the paucity of women represented in educational leadership positions is an issue of social justice. This is an area of concern as, although women experience opportunities to practise leadership in a range of community contexts, their access to leadership in the field of education is restricted by a number of social and cultural discourses that marginalize women leaders. This qualitative research investigated the leadership experiences of ten women leaders located in one cultural context, the unique island of Santa Isabel in the Solomon Islands. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were engaged to explore women’s leadership perceptions and experiences and how these ideas were realized in the way they practised leadership. Findings indicated that women’s perceptions of, and participation in, leadership was immersed in a cultural context which was founded on a belief of matrilineal leadership culture providing opportunities for women to have power and respect in community contexts but not necessarily organizational contexts. However, the findings also illustrated the challenges met by these women when they sought to extend their leadership practices beyond the home and their close communities, into organizations. Although a complex concept to negotiate, extending the cultural discourses of matrilineal leadership into educational leadership contexts may provide an alternative and supporting mechanism to enhance the representation of women in formal educational leadership positions in the Solomon Islands.
When the walls have fallen: Socially just leadership in post-traumatic times
Authors: Goddard J. Tim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Although educational researchers and theorists accept that there is a degree of ambiguity and uncertainty endemic to organizational life, school leaders in democratic countries tend to address issues through the use of strategies structured to take place within a stable environment. However, many would argue that such stability is a false perception. Traumatic events can occur at any time and at any place. Every country might one day find itself having to cope with the after-effects of colonialism, conquest, conflict or catastrophe. This article describes the impact of traumatic events upon the decision-making processes of school leaders. Specifically, it describes the ways in which personal value systems influence how school leaders attend to appropriate, diligent and socially just responsibilities following a traumatic event. The purpose of this article is to identify and examine possible future strategies for a socially just school leader when confronted with an unanticipated and demanding environment.
You have to start somewhere: Designing, tailoring and tinkering. A reflection on leading a change process
Authors: Harris Christine , Panther Chris 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This story of leading change is written by the Principal and Deputy Principal of Thorrington School in Christchurch where the leadership focus has been to shift curriculum design and teaching practices to be more responsive to the needs of learners. The article considers the shift in the practices of twenty teachers over a three-year time frame. The school does not have purpose built Modern Learning Spaces / Environments (referred to as flexible learning spaces in this article) so considerations for moving towards flexible learning had to start with changing mindsets and pedagogy. Initially there was a group of early up takers from amongst the staff who adapted their classrooms, furniture and processes to implement a change in practice. Although other teachers in the school recognised the success of this team the impetus to change practice across the whole school was largely rhetoric. Over time school wide resultant change was an amalgam of purpose, support, and development of new skills and strategies. Various drivers for change were recognised as being helpful for some teachers but not for others. Changes in teachers’ mindsets happened independently of each other and at different times for different people but together they eventually combined to change the attitudes and behaviours of teachers towards flexible learning practices. Although student achievement data is improving in all areas across the school this article does not track the trajectory of student data for consideration nor does this article address the community consultation process that occurred alongside this journey.
Ultrastructure of Hirschmanniella diversa early-stage infection in browning rhizomes of Indian lotus
Authors: Uematsu Shigeru , Yabu Tetsuo , Yao Mitsuyoshi , Kurihara Takayuki , Koga Hironori 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Browning rhizome (also known as “browning tuber disease”) in Indian lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) caused by the nematode Hirschmanniella diversa is an emerging agronomic problem. In this study, the authors documented the early infection processes of H. diversa in the apices of young rhizomes of Indian lotus by electron microscopy analysis using an artificial inoculation method. Nematodes were attracted to young rhizome apices, invading them via narrow indentations by 4.5 hr after inoculation. Host cells adjacent to the cavity around the invading nematodes were absent and appeared to have disintegrated during infestation. Following contact with the nematodes, host cell walls and cellular contents became electron-dense and less defined, likely due to digestive enzymes secreted by the invading nematodes. Nematodes invaded to a depth of about 1 mm by 24 hr after inoculation, but did not penetrate the plant any further vertically, similar to the observation of browning in mature rhizomes in the field. The authors propose that the invasion sites of young rhizome apices become blackish-brown blotches as rhizomes mature in the field due to oxidation.
Influences of nitrogen inputs on nematode populations under highbush blueberry
Authors: Forge Thomas , Ehret David , Messiga Aime , Dorais Martine 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study examined the effects of nitrogen fertilization on populations of Rotylenchus robustus, Pratylenchus crenatus, and Paratrichodorus renifer, and indices of free-living nematode community structure, in relation to highbush blueberry production in British Columbia, Canada. The field experiment was established in fall of 2008 with six replicate plots of each of four experimental N fertilization treatments: 0, 100, 150, and 200% of the annual application rate recommended for conventional blueberry production in the region. Nematode populations were quantified annually from 2009 through 2015, and then nematode populations and root biomass were quantified at seven sample dates from 2016 through 2019. Population densities of R. robustus were consistently greater in the 100% treatment than in the 0, 150, and 200% treatments which did not differ from each other. Population densities of P. crenatus were consistently greater in the 150% treatment than in the 0, 100%, and 200% treatments. The nematode structure index and two indices of diversity declined monotonically with N fertilizer rate, indicating broader changes in the soil food web that could have had indirect, feedback effects on population dynamics of the plant-parasitic nematodes.
First record of native entomopathogenic nematodes from Montana agroecosystems
Authors: Sandhi Ramandeep K. , Pothula Ratnasri , Pothula Satyendra K. , Adams Byron J. , Reddy Gadi V.P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A total of 30 different agricultural fields in the Golden Triangle Region of Montana, USA were surveyed, and 150 soil samples were evaluated for the presence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). The authors isolated EPNs from 10% of the collected samples. The recovered isolates were identified as Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora by using morphological and molecular analysis. Steinernema feltiae was found from two fields, Kalispell (S. feltiae 1) and Choteau (S. feltiae 2). Steinernema feltiae (1 and 2) differed significantly from each other in terms of morphological characters for infective juveniles (distance from anterior end to excretory pore and nerve ring) and 1st generation males (body length, spicule length, gubernaculum length, oesophagus, tail, and anal body diameter). Steinernema feltiae 2 and H. bacteriophora were recovered from the same field in Choteau. All these species were recovered from wheat fields with sandy clay loam and loam soils with 3.3 to 3.4% organic matter content and pH 8.
Mortality of Phyllophaga vetula larvae by the separate and combined application of Metarhizium anisopliae, Steinernema carpocapsae and Steinernema glaseri
Authors: Ruiz-Vega Jaime , Cortés-Martínez Carlos I. , Aquino-Bolaños Teodulfo , Matadamas-Ortíz Pastor T. , García-Gutiérrez Cipriano , Navarro-Antonio José 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Phyllophaga spp. are a complex of edaphic insect pests that are present in the corn crops (Zea mays) in México, which are usually controlled with increasing dosages of broad-spectrum chemical insecticides. Several entomopathogenic nematode species can produce acceptable control levels of these larvae. However, the synergistic interaction between fungi and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) could improve the control of this insect. This study investigates the mortality of larvae of Phyllophaga vetula by the effect of the separate or combined application of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae M1cog strain (Ma) and the nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae All strain (Sc) or Steinernema glaseri NJ-43 strain (Sg). In laboratory, dosages of 1 × 106 or 1 × 108 spores/larva and 250 infective juveniles were applied on medium or large size P. vetula larvae contained in vials with sterilized agricultural soil as the assay arena. The separate application of Ma did not kill any larvae, but Sg and Sc killed 40 and 80% of the larvae, respectively. However, the Ma and Sc combination had an important antagonistic interaction that decreased the mortality to 40%, but the combination Ma and Sg had a slight additive interaction that increased the mortality to 47%. The most determining factor in larvae mortality was the nematode used, with Sg as the species with best performance in 6 of the 12 treatments evaluated and with a maximum effectivity of 80% on medium-size larvae if combined with a low dosage of Ma. The combined application of an entomopathogenic fungus and EPN showed no consistent effects on the mortality percentage of P. vetula, mostly because the fungus was not isolated from Phyllophaga larvae.
Oscheius myriophila (Nematoda: Rhabditida) isolated in sugar cane soils in Mexico with potential to be used as entomopathogenic nematode
Authors: del Rocio Castro-Ortega Iveth , Caspeta-Mandujano Juan Manuel , Suárez-Rodríguez Ramón , Peña-Chora Guadalupe , Ramírez-Trujillo José Augusto , Cruz-Pérez Karina , Sosa Iván Arenas , Hernández-Velázquez Víctor Manuel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A survey of entomopathogenic nematodes was conducted in sugar cane crops in a total of 14 soils, and positive results were obtained for strain MC5-2014 in the municipality of Tepalcingo, Morelos, in soil with a sandy loam texture and a pH of 6.4. Species determination was performed via morphological and morphometric techniques by searching for a tubular stoma with a swollen cylindrical pharyngeal body and a metacorpus in the basal part. The range of body length (L) was 750 to 1200 μm in females and 720 to 910 μm in males, while the corresponding maximum widths (W) of the body were 30 to 60 μm and 20 to 30 μm, respectively. Males exhibited bursa with a 1 + 1 + 3 + 3 distribution of papillae, and females exhibited a vulva located at the mid-body. For molecular identification, the ITS region of ribosomal DNA was used. Virulence tests (LC50) were conducted with Galleria mellonella, and a value of 4.732 was obtained for infective juveniles (IJs). Taking taxonomic and molecular characteristics into account, the isolate was determined to be Oscheius myriophila. The isolation of this strain represents the first geographic report of O. myriophila in Mexico, and it should be noted that the cultivation of sugar cane occurs with constant application of insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and fertilizers as well as harvesting activities such as burning of the crop for harvest. The O. myriophila isolate has the potential to be used in the future as a method of biological control in our country.
Infection parameters of Heterorhabditis amazonensis (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) in different stages of Hibiscus pink mealybug
Authors: Fuenmayor Yvan , Portillo Edgar , Bastidas Brynelly , Guerra Mayamarú , San-Blas Ernesto 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The pink hibiscus mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an invasive pest of an enormous variety of crops and has become a concern in many parts of the world. Early attempts to control M. hirsutus with chemical insecticides and cultural methods have failed due to the cryptic habit of the insect. We assessed the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis amazonensis as a biological agent against different insect stages. Comparing different concentrations of the nematode, insect females were very susceptible, with more than 90% of the insects killed. In second and third nymphal stages mortality rates varied from 20 to 60% depending on the nematode concentration. The first nymphal stage as much less susceptible to nematodes due to their small size. The number of nematodes capable of invading the insect host did not vary between the different concentrations. However, the LC50 for females (35.2 IJ/insect), second and third nymphal stages (83.9 IJ/insect) demonstrated that H. amazonensis should be considered as a potential biocontrol agent of the pink hibiscus mealybug.
Metabolites of lactic acid bacteria – overview and industrial applications
Authors: Ratajczak Katarzyna , Piotrowska-Cyplik Agnieszka 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are one of the most commonly found microorganisms in food. One of the reasons behind their popularity are their probiotic properties. Lactic acid bacteria produce a wide range of metabolites which often find use as antimicrobial agents or preservatives. The efficacy and efficiency of these compounds are vastly different. The most promising group of lactic acid bacteria metabolites are bacteriocins. However, there are crucial issues with the application of bacteriocins in the food industry. The goal of this study was to provide an overview of the lactic acid bacteria metabolites most commonly used in industry.
1. Introduction. 2. Lactic acid bacteria. 2.1. Homofermentation. 2.2. Heterofermentation. 3. Metabolites of lactic acid bacteria. 3.1. Organic acids. 3.2. Diacetyl. 3.3. Hydrogen peroxide. 3.4. Carbon dioxide. 3.5. Bacteriocins. 3.5.1. Characteristics of bacteriocins. 3.5.2. Classification of bacteriocins. 3.5.3. Issues with the application of bacteriocins in the food industry. 4. Conclusion
Papillomaviruses: HPV as the etiological factor of head and neck cancers
Authors: Wiciński Michał , Leis Kamil , Malinowski Bartosz , Węclewicz Mateusz Maciej , Grześk Elżbieta , Grześk Grzegorz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The HPV virus, belonging to papillomaviruses, causes genital, lung, head and neck cancers. It is currently estimated that there are 190 types of HPV. Over 700 million people worldwide are infected with the virus. In the United States, 14 million new infections occur every year. The most common HPV types responsible for carcinogenesis of head and neck areas are types 16 and 18. The virus infects human epithelial cells, for example during a sexual intercourse. Transmission from mother to child during birth is also possible. There is evidence linking HPV with laryngeal cancer, leukoplakia, tonsil cancer or Bowen’s disease. HPV vaccines are available to help prevent infection by certain types of the virus, e.g. 9-valent HPV vaccine called Gardasil-9.
1. Introduction. 2. Structure of HPV. 3. Taxonomy. 4. Infection. 5. Pathogenicity. 6. Treatment. 7. Vaccines. 8. Summary
Nocardia spp. – characteristics, pathogenicity, treatment
Authors: Wiciński Michał , Leis Kamil , Węclewicz Mateusz Maciej , Malinowski Bartosz , Żak Jarosław , Grześk Elżbieta , Grześk Grzegorz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Nocardia spp. bacteria are Gram-positive aerobes occurring worldwide. They cause nocardiosis, of which the most common forms are pulmonary nocardiosis and cutaneous nocardiosis. The pulmonary form progresses as a result of aspiration of pathogens into the respiratory tract, whereas the cutaneous nocardiosis, can spread to other organs (often to CNS) and includes Madura foot, both mycetoma and systemic. Infections usually affect people with immunodeficiency, for example infected with HIV or after immunosupression therapy. Nocardia asteroides is responsible for the majority of infections in humans. Diagnostic methods include cell culture and PCR. The symptoms vary depending on the form of the illness. Cough and hemoptysis are characteristic for pulmonary nocardiosis, while abscesses are typical for the cutaneous form. When the illness spreads, the symptoms vary depending on the organ. The treatment of choice is sulfonamide.
1. Introduction. 2. History. 3. Characteristics of Nocardia spp. 4. Systematics. 5. Pathogenicity. 6. Diagnostics. 7. Treatment. 8. Summary
Orthomyxoviruses – Influenza and other viruses
Authors: Wiciński Michał , Leis Kamil , Malinowski Bartosz , Węclewicz Mateusz Maciej , Grześk Elżbieta , Grześk Grzegorz 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The Orthomyxoviruses is a family of viruses with its most common representatives being the influenza viruses (A, B, C and D types), which constitute a significant clinical problem. Influenza is a disease affecting animals and people. It is transmitted by airborne droplets and manifestes itself with such symptoms as coughing, sneezing, muscle pain or fever. Influenza often leads to complications, including pneumonia and myocarditis. In the past, influenza viruses were responsible for pandemics, including the most infamous pandemic of the Spanish influenza. It took place in the years 1918–1919 and is thought to have been responsible for the death toll of as many as 100 million people. The family also includes Isavirus, responsible for fish anaemia, Quaranjavirus and Thogotovirus, among which there also species causing diseases in humans. For example, a human infection with the Bourbon virus was diagnosed only once, in 2014. These viruses are much more rare then influenza viruse and also less known. New species are still discovered.
1. Introduction. 2. Characteristics. 3. Replication of a model Influenzavirus A. 4. History. 5. Diagnostic methods. 6. Pathogenicity. 6.1. Influenza – Influenza viruses. 6.2. Thogotovirus. 6.3. Isavirus. 6.4. Quaranjavirus. 7. Treatment. 8. Summary
TICK-BORNE PATHOGENS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 (HIV-1) INFECTION
Authors: Welc-Falęciak Renata , Bednarska Małgorzata , Szatan Magdalena , Pawełczyk Agnieszka 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The studies on the occurrence and diversity of tick-borne infections in HIV-infected individuals have been few, and the subject has been relatively neglected when compared with other infections associated with HIV. Non-specific symptoms of tick-borne diseases pose a challenge in clinical care and may lead to misdiagnosis, especially in HIV-positive patients, who often experience many non-specific clinical symptoms. Additionally, in immunocompromised patients, a significant delay of antibody production may occur, and the results of a serological test may be misinterpreted. This review focuses on the most common tick-borne infections in HIV-positive patients in Europe.
1. Introduction. 2. Ticks as vectors. 3. Babesiosis. 3.1. Diagnostics and treatment. 4. Lyme borreliosis. 4.1. Diagnostics and treatment. 5. Rickettsiosis. 5.1. Diagnostics and treatment. 6. Conclusions