bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hochuekkito comprising Atractylodis lanceae rhizoma prevents pulmonary infection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in cyclophosphamide‐treated mice through acceleration of anti‐bacterial protein production
Authors: Ideno Satoshi , Tanaka Yosuke , Sasou Kayako , Hosaka Haruna , Matsui Hidenori , Maruyama Hiroko , Tonooka Miki , Endo Mari , Nagai Takayuki , Seki Hiroyuki , Hanawa Toshihiko , Ito Go , Odaguchi Hiroshi , Morisaki Hiroshi , Kiyohara Hiroaki 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTAimFew pharmacological prophylactics have been developed to prevent lower respiratory tract infection before the onset. Because hochuekkito formula containing Atractylodis lanceae rhizoma (ALR formula) has been shown to enhance the adaptive mucosal immune system of both the upper and lower respiratory tracts, the effect of the formula was investigated on pulmonary infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae and productions of anti‐bacterial proteins as innate protective immunity in lung of immuno‐compromised mice.MethodsCyclophosphamide (CY)‐treated BALB/c mice were intranasally infected with S. pneumoniae, and effects of hochuekkito formula comprising Hedysari radix and ALR (HR/ALR formula) were evaluated on bacterial counts in lung and lung damage. CY‐treated and untreated mice were stimulated by intranasal inoculation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the effect of administrating HR/ALR‐hochuekkito on the production of anti‐bacterial proteins in the lung was also analyzed.ResultsOral administration of HR/ALR‐hochuekkito (1.5 g/kg) reduced cell counts of S. pneumoniae in bronchoalveolar fluids (BALF) of CY‐treated mice. Bactericidal activity of BALF and mRNA expression of surfactant protein D gene (Sftpd) in the lung were significantly increased by HR/ALR‐hochuekkito prior to S. pneumoniae infection. Intestinal manipulation decreased mRNA expression of surfactant protein A gene (Sftpa1) in the lung, and HR/ALR formula improved this impairment. The formula enhanced the production of surfactant protein D and chitinase‐3‐like‐1 in both CY‐treated and untreated mice under LPS stimulation. ALR‐hochuekkito containing Astragali radix (ASR) (ASR/ALR formula) also increased the production of these anti‐bacterial proteins.ConclusionProphylactic treatment with ALR‐hochuekkito formula protected immuno‐compromised mice from bacterial pneumonia by enhancing the production of anti‐bacterial proteins such as surfactant protein A/D and chitinase‐3‐like‐1 in the lung.
Graduate Student Instructors, the Courses They Teach, and the Support They Value
Authors: BrckaLorenz Allison , Wang Rong , Nelson Laird Thomas F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter presents a study exploring the diverse characteristics of Graduate Student Instructors (GSIs) employed at eight research universities in the United States and investigates the ways in which these characteristics impact the value GSIs place on types of professional development and support in teaching.
Preparing Future Faculty: Pedagogical Practice in Graduate School
Authors: Rozaitis Bill , Baepler Paul , Gonzalez Anita , Ching Paul , Wingert Deb , Alexander Ilene D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter describes the University of Minnesota Preparing Future Faculty program, focusing on pedagogical approaches and assignments that have made the program relevant for over 20 years. It concludes with a look at the future facing graduate student professional development.
Growing Digital Roots: A Community of Practice Approach to Technology‐Infused Graduate Student Development
Authors: Silva Steve , Vyn Reuben , Gatewood Rachel , Colombo Mariana , Saichaie Kem 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis chapter describes a program where graduate students serve as instructional technology consultants on educational projects that enhance the student‐learning experience. In the process, they develop skills to prepare them for a variety of academic and professional settings.
Weights, recursion relations and projective triangulations for positive geometry of scalar theories
Authors: John Renjan Rajan , Kojima Ryota , Mahato Sujoy 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The story of positive geometry of massless scalar theories was pioneered in [1] in the context of bi-adjoint ϕ3 theories. Further study proposed that the positive geometry for a generic massless scalar theory with polynomial interaction is a class of polytopes called accordiohedra [2]. Tree-level planar scattering amplitudes of the theory can be obtained from a weighted sum of the canonical forms of the accordiohedra. In this paper, using results of the recent work [3], we show that in theories with polynomial interactions all the weights can be determined from the factorization property of the accordiohedron. We also extend the projective recursion relations introduced in [4, 5] to these theories. We then give a detailed analysis of how the recursion relations in ϕp theories and theories with polynomial interaction correspond to projective triangulations of accordiohedra. Following the very recent development [6] we also extend our analysis to one-loop integrands in the quartic theory.
Formulation for renormalon-free perturbative predictions beyond large-β0 approximation
Authors: Takaura Hiromasa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We present a formulation to give renormalon-free predictions consistently with fixed order perturbative results. The formulation has a similarity to Lee’s method in that the renormalon-free part consists of two parts: one is given by a series expansion which does not contain renormalons and the other is the real part of the Borel integral of a singular Borel transform. The main novel aspect is to evaluate the latter object using a dispersion relation technique, which was possible only in the large-β0 approximation. Here, we introduce an “ ambiguity function,” which is defined by inverse Mellin transform of the singular Borel transform. With the ambiguity function, we can rewrite the Borel integral in an alternative formula, which allows us to obtain the real part using analytic techniques similarly to the case of the large-β0 approximation. We also present detailed studies of renormalization group properties of the formulation. As an example, we apply our formulation to the fixed-order result of the static QCD potential, whose closest renormalon is already visible.
Association between family history, early growth and the risk of beta cell autoimmunity in children at risk for type 1 diabetes
Authors: Pacaud Danièle , Nucci Anita M. , Cuthbertson David , Becker Dorothy J. , Virtanen Suvi M. , Ludvigsson Johnny , Ilonen Jorma , Knip Mikael ,   the TRIGR investigators
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
The aim of this work was to examine the relationship between family history of type 1 diabetes, birthweight, growth during the first 2 years and development of multiple beta cell autoantibodies in children with a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes and HLA-conferred disease susceptibility.

Methods
In a secondary analysis of the Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR), clinical characteristics and development of beta cell autoantibodies were compared in relation to family history of type 1 diabetes (mother vs father vs sibling) in 2074 children from families with a single affected family member.

Results
Multiple autoantibodies (≥2 of 5 measured) developed in 277 (13%) children: 107 (10%), 114 (16%) and 56 (18%) born with a mother, father or sibling with type 1 diabetes, respectively (p < 0.001). The HR for time to multiple autoimmunity was 0.54 (95% CI 0.39, 0.75) in offspring of affected mothers (n = 107/1046, p < 0.001) and 0.81 (95% CI 0.59, 1.11) (n = 114/722, p = 0.19) in offspring of affected fathers, compared with participants with a sibling with type 1 diabetes (comparator group n = 56/306). The time to the first autoantibody present (to insulin, GAD, tyrosine phosphatase-related insulinoma-associated 2 molecules, islet cell or zinc transporter 8) was similar in the three groups. Height velocity (z score/year) in the first 24 months was independently associated with developing multiple antibodies in the total cohort (HR 1.31 [95% CI 1.01, 1.70], p = 0.04). A higher birthweight in children born to an affected mother vs affected father or an affected sibling was not related to the risk of multiple autoimmunity.

Conclusions/interpretation
The risk of developing multiple autoantibodies was lower in children with maternal type 1 diabetes. For the whole group, this risk of developing multiple autoantibodies was independent of birthweight but was greater in those with increased height velocity during the first 2 years of life. However, the risk associated with paternal type 1 diabetes was not linked to differences in birthweight or early growth.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00179777
Graphical abstract
Impact of overproduced heterologous protein characteristics on physiological response in Yarrowia lipolytica steady-state-maintained continuous cultures
Authors: Korpys-Woźniak Paulina , Kubiak Piotr , Białas Wojciech , Celińska Ewelina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOverproduction of recombinant secretory proteins triggers numerous physiological perturbations. Depending on a given heterologous protein characteristics, the producer cell is faced with different challenges which lead to varying responses in terms of its physiology and the target protein production rate. In the present study, we used steady-state-maintained Yarrowia lipolytica cells to investigate the impact of different heterologous proteins on the physiological behavior of the host cells. Such an approach allowed to uncouple the impact of the overproduction of a particular protein from the phenomena that result from growth phase or are caused by the heterogeneity of the analyzed populations. Altogether, eight variants of recombinant strains, individually overproducing heterologous proteins of varying molecular weight (27–65 kDa) and reporting activity (enzymatic and fluorescent) were subjected to chemostat cultivations. The steady-state-maintained cells were analyzed in terms of the substrate utilization, biomass and metabolites production, as well as the reporter protein synthesis. Simplified distribution of carbon and nitrogen between the respective products, as well as expression analysis of the heterologous genes were conducted. The here-obtained data suggest that using a more transcriptionally active promoter results in channeling more C flux towards the target protein, giving significantly higher specific amounts and production rates of the target polypeptide, at the cost of biomass accumulation, and with no significant impact on the polyols production. The extent of the reporter protein’s post-translational modifications, i.e., the number of disulfide bonds and glycosylation pattern, strongly impacts the synthesis process. Specific responses in terms of the protein formation kinetics, the gene expression levels, and transcript-to-protein linearity were observed.Key Points• Eight expression systems, producing different reporter proteins were analyzed.• The cells were maintained in steady-state by continuous chemostat culturing.• Protein- and promoter-specific effects were observed.
Edema-like marrow signal intensity: a narrative review with a pictorial essay
Authors: Maraghelli Davide , Brandi Maria Luisa , Matucci Cerinic Marco , Peired Anna Julie , Colagrande Stefano 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe term edema-like marrow signal intensity (ELMSI) represents a general term describing an area of abnormal signal intensity at MRI. Its appearance includes absence of clear margins and the possibility of exceeding well-defined anatomical borders (for example, physeal scars). We can define “ELMSI with unknown cause” an entity where the characteristic MR appearance is associated with the absence of specific signs of an underlying condition. However, it is more often an important finding indicating the presence of an underlying disease, and we describe this case as “ELMSI with known cause.” It presents a dynamic behavior and its evolution can largely vary. It initially corresponds to an acute inflammatory response with edema, before being variably replaced by more permanent marrow remodeling changes such as fibrosis or myxomatous connective tissue that can occur over time. It is important to study ELMSI variations over time in order to evaluate the activity state and therapeutic response of an inflammatory chronic joint disease, the resolution of a trauma, and the severity of an osteoarthritis. We propose a narrative review of the literature dealing with various subjects about this challenging topic that is imaging, temporal evolution, etiology, differential diagnoses, and possible organization, together with a pictorial essay.
Evaluation of a Managed Surgical Consultation Network in Malawi
Authors: Mwapasa Gerald , Pittalis Chiara , Clarke Morgane , Bijlmakers Leon , Le Grace , Mkandawire Nyengo , Brugha Ruairi , Borgstein Eric , Gajewski Jakub 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAccess to surgery is a challenge for low‐income countries like Malawi due to shortages of specialists, especially in rural areas. District hospitals (DH) cater for the immediate surgical needs of rural patients, sending difficult cases to central hospitals (CH), usually with no prior communication.MethodsIn 2018, a secure surgical managed consultation network (MCN) was established to improve communication between specialist surgeons and anaesthetists at Queen Elizabeth and Zomba Central Hospitals, and surgical providers from nine DHs referring to these facilities.ResultsFrom May to December 2018, DHs requested specialist advice on 249 surgical cases through the MCN, including anonymised images (52% of cases). Ninety six percent of cases received advice, with a median of two specialists answering. For 74% of cases, a first response was received within an hour, and in 68% of the cases, a decision was taken within an hour from posting the case on MCN. In 60% of the cases, the advice was to refer immediately, in 26% not to refer and 11% to possibly refer at a later stage.ConclusionThe MCN facilitated quick access to consultations with specialists on how to manage surgical patients in remote rural areas. It also helped to prevent unnecessary referrals, saving costs for patients, their guardians, referring hospitals and the health system as a whole. With time, the network has had spillover benefits, allowing the Ministry of Health closer monitoring of surgical activities in the districts and to respond faster to shortages of essential surgical resources.
Prediction Model for Freedom from TLR from a Multi-study Analysis of Long-Term Results with the Zilver PTX Drug-Eluting Peripheral Stent
Authors: Dake Michael D. , Fanelli Fabrizio , Lottes Aaron E. , O’Leary Erin E. , Reichert Heidi , Jiang Xiaohui , Fu Weiguo , Iida Osamu , Zen Kan , Schermerhorn Marc , Zeller Thomas , Ansel Gary M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Develop a prediction model to determine the impact of patient and lesion factors on freedom from target lesion revascularization (ffTLR) for patients who are candidates for Zilver PTX drug-eluting stent (DES) treatment for femoropopliteal lesions.

Methods
Patient factors, lesion characteristics, and TLR results from five global studies were utilized for model development. Factors potentially associated with TLR (sex, age, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, renal disease, smoking status, Rutherford classification, lesion length, reference vessel diameter (RVD), popliteal involvement, total occlusion, calcification severity, prior interventions, and number of runoff vessels) were analyzed in a Cox proportional hazards model. Probability of ffTLR was generated for three example patient profiles via combinations of patient and lesion factors. TLR was defined as reintervention performed for ≥ 50% diameter stenosis after recurrent clinical symptoms.

Results
The model used records from 2227 patients. The median follow-up time was 23.9 months (range: 0.03–60.8). The Kaplan–Meier estimates for ffTLR were 90.5% through 1 year and 75.2% through 5 years. In a multivariate analysis, sex, age, Rutherford classification, lesion length, RVD, total occlusion, and prior interventions were significant factors. The example patient profiles have predicted 1-year ffTLRs of 97.4, 92.3, and 86.0% and 5-year predicted ffTLRs of 92.8, 79.5, and 64.8%. The prediction model is available as an interactive web-based tool (https://cooksfa.z13.web.core.windows.net).

Conclusions
This is the first prediction model that uses an extensive dataset to determine the impact of patient and lesion factors on ffTLR through 5 years and provides an interactive web-based tool for expected patient outcomes with the Zilver PTX DES.

Clinical Trial Registrations
Zilver PTX RCT unique identifier: NCT00120406; Zilver PTX single-arm study unique identifier: NCT01094678; Zilver PTX China study unique identifier: NCT02171962; Zilver PTX US post-approval study unique identifier: NCT01901289; Zilver PTX Japan post-market surveillance study unique identifier: NCT02254837.

Levels of Evidence
Zilver PTX RCT: Level 2, randomized controlled trial; Single-arm study: Level 4, large case series; China study: Level 4, case series; US post-approval study: Level 4, case series Japan PMS study: Level 4, large case series.
The co-occurrence of mental disorders among Dutch adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication
Authors: de Veld Loes , van Hoof Joris J. , Wolberink Inge M. , van der Lely Nicolaas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAdolescents with substance use disorders are often diagnosed with co-occurring mental disorders. However, it is unknown if adolescent hospital admission for acute alcohol intoxication is also associated with co-occurring mental disorders. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of co-occurring mental disorders among Dutch adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication. Secondly, this study aims to explore the cross-sectional relationship between the co-occurrence of mental disorders and patient characteristics, such as sex, age and blood alcohol concentration at admittance. Data were retrospectively collected from 726 adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication. Overall, 245 (34%) of the 726 adolescents treated for acute alcohol intoxication were diagnosed with a co-occurring mental health disorder, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (13%) or autism spectrum disorder (2.1%). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in particular seems to be more prevalent in the study population than in the general Dutch adolescent population.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that among adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication, the prevalence of co-occurring mental disorders is a common and a relevant issue for treatment and prevention strategies.What is Known:• Alcohol consumption among adolescents has been associated with negative psychosocial effect.• Among adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication, risk factors for psychological dysfunction appear to be inadequately assessed, documented and followed up.What is New:• The current study reports on the prevalence of co-occurring mental disorders among a substantial sample of adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication.• Understanding the prevalence of co-occurring mental disorders is clinically relevant for the outpatient follow-up of adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication.
EM modelling of arbitrary shaped dispersive chiral dielectric objects using a 3D leapfrog scheme on unstructured meshes
Authors: Gansen A. , El Hachemi M. , Belouettar S. , Hassan O. , Morgan K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe standard Yee FDTD algorithm is widely used in computational electromagnetics because of its simplicity and divergence free nature. A generalization of this classical scheme to 3D unstructured co-volume meshes is adopted, based on the use of a Delaunay primal mesh and its high quality Voronoi dual. This circumvents the problem of accuracy losses, which are normally associated with the use of a staircased representation of curved material interfaces in the standard Yee scheme. The procedure has been successfully employed for modelling problems involving both isotropic and anisotropic lossy materials. Here, we consider the novel extension of this approach to allow for the challenging modelling of chiral materials, where the material parameters are frequency dependent. To adequately model the dispersive behaviour, the Z-transform is employed, using second order Padé approximations to maintain the accuracy of the basic scheme. To validate the implementation, the numerical results produced are compared with available analytical solutions. The stability of the chiral algorithm is also studied.
Betrachtung mikrobieller Veränderungen in österreichischen Uferfiltraten mittels High-Throughput-Sequencing und Durchflusszytometrie
Authors: Fiedler C. J. , Schönher C. , Proksch P. , Kerschbaumer D. J. , Mayr E. , Zunabovic-Pichler M. , Perfler R. 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungTrinkwassergewinnung mittels Uferfiltration gewinnt weltweit und auch in Österreich zunehmend an Bedeutung. Entlang der Donau existieren verschiedene Uferfiltratstandorte, deren Brunnen zu verschiedenen saisonalen Zeitpunkten 2016 und 2017 mittels High-Throughput-Sequencing (Ermittlung der mikrobiellen Zusammensetzung bzw. des Mikrobioms) und mittels Durchflusszytometrie (Gesamtzellzahl) untersucht wurden. Dabei konnten räumliche Unterschiede zwischen den Brunnenfeldern, saisonale Änderungen sowie insbesondere Einflüsse durch Hochwasserereignisse festgestellt werden. Die Erweiterung der Datenbasis durch die Hinzunahme von Sequenzierungsdaten einer Donau-Studie zeigt interessante Möglichkeiten, vorhandenes Wissen mit bioinformatischen Mitteln einzubinden und neue Erkenntnisse zu generieren.
The potential of spring distraction to dynamically correct complex spinal deformities in the growing child
Authors: Wijdicks Sebastiaan P. J. , Lemans Justin V. C. , Verkerke Gijsbertus J. , Noordmans Herke Jan , Castelein René M. , Kruyt Moyo C. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Current treatment of progressive early onset scoliosis involves growth-friendly instrumentation if conservative treatment fails. These implants guide growth by passive sliding or repeated lengthenings. None of these techniques provide dynamic correction after implantation. We developed the spring distraction system (SDS), by using one or multiple compressed springs positioned around a standard sliding rod, to provide active continuous distraction of the spine to stimulate growth and further correction. The purpose of this study was to determine feasibility and proof of concept of the SDS.

Methods
We developed a versatile, dynamic spring distraction system for patients who would benefit from active continuous distraction. This prospective case series evaluates four patients with exceptional and progressive congenital spine deformities.

Results
Four patients had a mean age of 6.8 years at surgery with a mean follow-up of 36 months (range 25–45). The mean progressive thoracic lordosis, which was the reason for initiating surgical treatment in two patients, changed from 32° lordosis preoperatively to 1° kyphosis post-operatively. During follow-up, this further improved to 32° thoracic kyphosis. In the two other patients, with cervicothorcacic scoliosis, the main coronal curve improved from 79° pre-operatively to 56° post-operatively and further improved to 42°. The mean T1-S1 spine growth during follow-up for all patients was 1.3 cm/year. There was one reoperation because of skin problems and no device-failures.

Conclusion
These early results show the feasibility and the proof of concept of spring-based distraction as a dynamic growth-enhancing system with the potential of further correction of the deformity after implantation.