bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on the Effect of Interface Heat Transfer on Performance of Thermoelectric Generators
Authors: Yan Baoyu , Li Gen , Cao Hongfen , Wang Xiaozhong , Wang Zhongcheng , Ji Yulong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) have attracted more and more attention for their usage in waste heat recovery techniques. A key challenge in thermoelectric power conversion is to create a significant temperature difference across the TEG. The interface heat transfer between heat exchanger and TEGs plays a key role in TEGs’ performance when the heat exchanger and TEGs have been determined. In this paper different thermal interface materials (TIMs) were used to create different interface heat transfer conditions. Firstly, the thermal interface conductance of TIMs is measured by using a steady state method. Then the performance of TEGs at different interface heat transfer condition was evaluated. It was found that interface heat transfer between heat exchanger and TEGs has a significant effects on the performance of TEGs.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Boiling Behavior of Nanofluid With Various Wettability Nanoparticle on Hydrophobic Surface
Authors: Yin Xunyan , Bai Minli , Hu Chengzhi , Lv Jizu , Li Yubai 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulation is performed to investigate the rapid boiling of nanofluid with the variation nanoparticle wettabilities above hydrophobic surface. Four fluids are selected: base fluid (fluid 1), nanofluid with nanoparticle wettability less than (fluid 2), equal tofluid 3) and greater than (fluid 4) surface wettability. It should be noted that nanoparticle is deposited on the surface in this paper. Results show that nanofluid responds rapid boiling faster than base fluid. For fluid 4, the efficiency in heat transfer is enhanced due to the improvement of surface wettability. While for fluid 2 and 3, the surface wettability is deteriorated by the depositional nanoparticle. The heat flux is strengthened, but argon temperature and evaporation number reduce, and thus fluid 2 and 3 are not beneficial for heat transfer.
Fluid Mixing Using Induced Charge Electro-Osmotic Transverse Flow Actuated by Asymmetrical Driving Electrode Sequence
Authors: Chen Xiaoming , Ren Yukun , Hou Likai , Jiang Tianyi , Jiang Hongyuan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Microfluid mixing is an essential process in chemical analysis, drug test, and nanoparticle synthesis. Induced charge electro-osmosis (ICEO) has good capability in microfluid mixing for its reconfigurable vortex profile. We found experimentally ICEO transverse flow induced by the asymmetrical driving electrode has a good performance in disturbing the interface of two fluids. Encouraged by these aspects, we proposed a micromixer using ICEO transverse flows actuated by the asymmetrical driving electrode sequence to mix microfluids. We established a simulation model to investigate the evolution of the interface and demonstrate the work principle of this method. Moreover, we numerically explored the effects of device structure, and electrolyte characteristics on the capability of micromixer. Finally, we validated this method experimentally, and studied the effects of voltage intensity, frequency and flow rate on the mixing capability, obtaining mixing efficiency exceeding 94%. This method is a potential alternative in various microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip applications.
Wettability Transition of a Liquid Droplet on Solid Surface With Nanoscale Inverted Triangular Grooves
Authors: Cai Meiling , Li Yuxiu , Chen Ying , Xu Jinliang , Zhang Longyan , Lei Junpeng 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Inspired by a few phenomena in nature such as the lotus leaf, red rose petal, gecko’s feet and Nepenthes Alata plant, much attention has been paid to use simple and feasible means to achieve remarkable wetting behaviour for many applications in various areas including self-cleaning for building exteriors and windshields, oil/water separation, anti-icing, liquid collecting, anti-fogging and anti-corrosion. Based on the established theoretical models, wetting behaviour of a liquid droplet obtained by molecular dynamics simulation method is generally in good agreement with the experimental results. In macro and micro scale, the previous theories can explain and predict the wetting behaviors well. However, these theories are invalid for nanoscale. It is essential to reveal the underlying physical mechanism of the wetting behaviors of the droplet on solid surface with nanoroughness.
Extensive studies on nanosale wettability focus on the effect of nano structures on wettability state. Desired wetting behavior of rough material surface achieved by nanosize reentrant geometry like “T” or mushroom shape and other variant geometry with solid overhangs has been widely used in self-cleaning surfaces, heat exchange and many applications. For example, “T” shape groove with different depths and widths under nanoscale has been considered to confer superhydrophobicity to hydrophilic surfaces gradually.
In this paper, wettability transition of a liquid droplet on geometrically heterogeneous solid substrate with nanoscale structures of inverted triangular grooves is investigated by using molecular dynamics simulation method under the parameter space spanned by structure geometry and solid-liquid molecular interaction potential strength. Three wettability states, namely Cassie nonwetting state, Cassie-to-Wenzel transition state and Wenzel wetting state, are identified with various geometries and potential strength. For Cassie nonwetting state, increasing height of the triangles has less effect on wettability transition with weak solid-liquid molecular interaction. Besides, the Cassie nonwetting state is less sensitive to different interval between the triangles as solid-liquid molecular interaction is weak. For Cassie-to-Wenzel transition state, increasing height of the triangles and decreasing interval between the triangles decrease wettability. For Wenzel wetting state, increasing interval between the triangles with low height increases wettability. With strong solid-liquid molecular interaction, different interval between the triangles results in wetting state transition from Wenzel to transition state. What’s more, liquid droplet changes its state from Wenzel wetting state to Cassie-to-Wenzel transition state with increasing height of the triangles or decreasing interval between the triangles. Three wettability transition regions are identified in the parameter space.
Effect of Salinity on the Capturing CO2 Capabilities of Brine in Two-Dimensional Porous Media
Authors: Zhao Changzhong , Song Yongchen , Chen Mingkun , Chi Yuan , Zhang Yi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
CO2 sequestration in deep saline aquifers is being intensively studied as a strategy to mitigate CO2 emission. When CO2 is injected into the saline aquifers, a series of physical and chemical reactions will take place with the brine and rock skeleton under the multiple effects of salinity, temperature, pressure, hydrodynamic and chemistry to achieve the long-term underground storage of CO2. Therefore, we used an etched homogenous glass micromodel to investigate the impact of salinity on the brine-saturated reservoirs at the CO2 injection rate of 0.05 ml·min−1, temperature 25 °C, and pressure 0.1 MPa. Five brine concentrates were set in our experiment: 0 mol/l, 1 mol/l, 2 mol/l, 3 mol/l, and 4 mol/l to represent different types of saline aquifers. Based on the experimental results, a detailed discussion about the mode transformation of displacement, CO2 saturation and wettability variation, differential pressure change between inlet and outlet was made. The major contribution of salinity is to change the viscosity of brine, which will then affect other physicochemical properties to furtherly change the behavior of microfluidics. The effect of salinity on the drainage process was analyzed specifically in this study. It was found that as the salinity improved, the capillary number increased to make the displacement mode change from capillary fingering to viscous fingering. When the viscous force was dominant, the saturation of residual brine became bigger and the variation of wettability was not obvious. At the same time, the maximum pressure promoting the displacement finished needed to be bigger as the salinity improved to overcome more viscous force. Finally, it was found that in the brine with higher salinity, salt precipitation was more obvious.
The risk of malnutrition in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Healy Lydia Iris , Forbes Eimear , Rice Jane , Leonard Jane M , Crushell Ellen 
Published: December 2019

A 9-year-old boy presented with a 2-day history of vomiting, ataxia and reduced consciousness. He had vomited intermittently in the two preceding months, without headaches, visual disturbance or early morning symptoms. He had autism spectrum disorder, and restricted eating since aged 2 years, eating only corn-crisps, Rich Tea biscuits and chips (French fries), and drinking Coca-Cola (containing 10% glucose; figure 1). Recently a dietician had prescribed a multivitamin.Figure 1The patient"s complete daily food intake over approximately 7 years (2-3 biscuits per day).Dietary analysis revealed an extremely low protein (0.37 g/kg/day) and low fat (0.77 g/kg/day) diet for over 7 years with a caloric intake of 1200 kCal. Estimated requirements were 1512 kCal,10.92 mg/kg/day of protein2and 1.94 mg/kg of fat (based on 35% of daily calorie intake3).On examination he was encephalopathic, with hepatomegaly and ascites. His height and weight were on the 0.4th–2nd and 9th centiles, respectively. Laboratory results demonstrated glucose 2.7 mmol/L, mild anaemia, raised urea (10.7 mmol/L) with normal creatinine and raised hepatic transaminases, low albumin and elevated creatinine kinase (peak 7809 IU/L). He remained encephalopathic and was intubated for poor respiratory function. Ammonia and blood pH were normal.Question 1What nutritional/metabolic test(s) would be the next best step?Vitamin B1(thiamine) levelsCopper and caeruloplasmin levelsBlood spot for acylcarnitine profilePlasma amino acid profileUrine organic acidsQuestion 2What potentially dangerous feeding issues in paediatric intensive care exist here?Electrolyte levels and supplementationFat composition of feedsAmino acid composition of feedsVitamin levelsQuestion 3Why might this patient have had preserved vitamin E levels?Vitamin E is added to rancherosSome vitamin E is obtained from sunlightFrench fries are relatively high in vitamin EMultivitamin preparationsQuestion 4What metabolic disorders are associated with very low carnitine levels?Organic acidaemiasFatty acid oxidation disordersMitochondrial disorders (disorders of respiratory chain)Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD)Answers can be found on page 01
Non-proliferative type II macular telangiectasia variant with subfoveal detachment: role of anti-VEGF therapy
Authors: Manayath George J , Ranjan Ratnesh , Nagesha C K , Narendran Venkatapathy 
Published: December 2019

Aims
To describe a rare variant of non-proliferative stage of type II macular telangiectasia (MacTel2) with the presence of subfoveal detachment (SFD) and its response to intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.

Methods
A retrospective case series of patients diagnosed with a rare variant of non-proliferative MacTel2 (defined as MacTel2 with the presence of SFD on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the absence of subretinal neovascularisation, confirmed on fluorescein angiography (FA)) over a period of 2 years. Patients were studied with biomicroscopy, OCT and FA. Patients were managed either with observation or anti-VEGF therapy.

Results
Twenty eyes of 13 patients, all female with a mean age of 52.2±6.1 years, were diagnosed with this variant of non-proliferative MacTel2. The best-corrected visual acuity at presentation ranged from 20/20 to 20/120. Six eyes were lost to follow-up. Eight eyes were kept under observation for a mean follow-up of 7.3±2.2 months and did not show resolution. Eight eyes underwent anti-VEGF therapy with a mean number of intravitreal injections of 2±1.07 per eye during a mean follow-up of 9.38±5.5 months. All eyes showed complete resolution of SFD, with a visual improvement of ≥1 line of Snellen’s acuity in 87.5% of the eyes.

Conclusion
This is the largest series of a variant of non-proliferative MacTel2 with SFD, which shows good anatomical and functional response to anti-VEGF therapy, in comparison to observation alone. Careful evaluation of the OCT images may be helpful in predicting the visual prognosis with anti-VEGF therapy.
Impact of resistance training program configuration on the circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor response
Authors: Quiles Justin M. , Klemp Alex , Dolan Chad , Maharaj Arun , Huang Chun-Jung , Khamoui Andy V. , Trexler Eric T. , Whitehurst Michael , Zourdos Michael C. 
Published: December 2019

This study examined the acute and resting changes of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inteleukin-6 (IL-6) and if changes in these biomarkers were correlated during resistance training (RT). Fifteen men with ≥2 years of RT experience (age: 23 ± 3 years, body mass: 84.4 ± 12.3 kg) participated. Subjects performed RT 3×/week for 6 weeks in either a high-repetition (HR; n = 8) or low-repetition (LR; n = 7) group. Protocols during week 1 were HR – Monday: 4 (sets) × 12 (repetitions) at 60% of 1-repetition maximum, Wednesday: 4 × 10 at 65%, Friday: 5 × 8 at 70%; LR – Monday: 8 × 6 at 75%, Wednesday 9 × 4 at 80%, Friday: 10 × 2 at 85%. Total volume was equated for the 6 weeks but not for individual sessions. Greater volume and intensity were performed in LR versus HR (p < 0.01) on Mondays. Plasma was collected immediately before and after exercise of the Monday session. There were no significant interactions or main effects for BDNF (p > 0.05). There was a moderate between-group effect size (0.57) in favor of LR in week 6, suggesting a potentially greater acute increase in BDNF in LR versus HR. For IL-6, a statistically significant main effect was observed for training (p < 0.0001), showing an acute increase in IL-6 in both weeks (p < 0.01); however, no other 3-way or 2-way interactions existed (p > 0.05). A minimum volume threshold of RT may be needed to induce acute elevations in BDNF. Novelty A minimum RT volume threshold may be needed to elicit BDNF. A close proximity to failure may be needed to elicit BDNF. BDNF and IL-6 did not correlate.
It Takes Two (Genomes) to Cancer: Paired Viral and Host Transcriptome Analysis Provides New Insights about EBV Carcinogenicity
Authors: Mbulaiteye Sam M. , Prokunina-Olsson Ludmila 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The discovery of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in 1964 gave birth to the field of viral oncology. Despite significant scientific and clinical developments in research on several other viruses discovered and linked to cancer risk much later, our understanding of EBV as a carcinogen and a possible target for therapeutic interventions remains limited. In this issue of Cancer Research, Chakravorty and colleagues present results of massive reanalysis of public RNA-sequencing data for 291 control and 1,051 tumor samples representing 15 cancer types. Their paired analysis of the viral and host transcriptome sheds light on mechanisms of EBV carcinogenicity and provides new leads for translational applications.
See related article by Chakravorty et al., p. 6010
Optimal Temporal Frequency of NSSL Phased Array Radar Observations for an Experimental Warn-on-Forecast System
Authors: Stratman Derek R. , Yussouf Nusrat , Jung Youngsun , Supinie Timothy A. , Xue Ming , Skinner Patrick S. , Putnam Bryan J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A potential replacement candidate for the aging operational WSR-88D infrastructure currently in place is the phased array radar (PAR) system. The current WSR-88Ds take ~5 min to produce a full volumetric scan of the atmosphere, whereas PAR technology allows for full volumetric scanning of the same atmosphere every ~1 min. How this increase in temporal frequency of radar observations might affect the National Severe Storms Laboratory’s (NSSL) Warn-on-Forecast system (WoFS), which is a storm-scale ensemble data assimilation and forecast system for severe convective weather, is unclear. Since radar data assimilation is critical for the WoFS, this study explores the optimal temporal frequency of PAR observations for storm-scale data assimilation using the 31 May 2013 El Reno, Oklahoma, tornadic supercell event. The National Severe Storms Laboratory’s National Weather Radar Testbed PAR in Norman, Oklahoma, began scanning this event more than an hour before the first (and strongest) tornado developed near El Reno, and scanned most of the tornadic supercell’s evolution. Several experiments using various cycling and data frequencies to synchronously and asynchronously assimilate these PAR observations are conducted to produce analyses and very short-term forecasts of the El Reno supercell. Forecasts of low-level reflectivity and midlevel updraft helicity are subjectively evaluated and objectively verified using spatial and object-based techniques. Results indicate that assimilating more frequent PAR observations can lead to more accurate analyses and probabilistic forecasts of the El Reno supercell at longer lead times. Hence, PAR is a promising radar platform for WoFS.
Efficacy of Multi-Modal Migraine Prophylaxis Therapy on Hyperacusis Patients
Authors: Abouzari Mehdi , Tan Donald , Sarna Brooke , Ghavami Yaser , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Parker Erica M. , Lin Harrison W. , Djalilian Hamid R. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of a multi-modal migraine prophylaxis therapy for patients with hyperacusis. Methods: In a prospective cohort, patients with hyperacusis were treated with a multi-modal step-wise migraine prophylactic regimen (nortriptyline, verapamil, topiramate, or a combination thereof) as well as lifestyle and dietary modifications. Pre- and post-treatment average loudness discomfort level (LDL), hyperacusis discomfort level measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS), and scores on the modified Khalfa questionnaire for severity of hyperacusis were compared. Results: Twenty-two of the 25 patients (88%) reported subjective resolution of their symptoms following treatment. Post-treatment audiograms showed significant improvement in average LDL from 81.3 ± 3.2 dB to 86.4 ± 2.6 dB ( P < .001), indicating increased sound tolerability. The VAS discomfort level also showed significant improvement from a pre-treatment average of 7.7 ± 1.1 to 3.7 ± 1.6 post-treatment ( P < .001). There was also significant improvement in the average total score on modified Khalfa questionnaire (32.2 ± 3.6 vs 22.0 ± 5.7, P < .001). Conclusions: The majority of patients with hyperacusis demonstrated symptomatic improvement from migraine prophylaxis therapy, as indicated by self-reported and audiometric measures. Our findings indicate that, for some patients, hyperacusis may share a pathophysiologic basis with migraine disorder and may be successfully managed with multimodal migraine prophylaxis therapy.
Impact of Nasal Irrigation With Iodized Table Salt Solution on Mucociliary Clearance: Proof-of-Concept Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Sumaily Ibrahim , Alarifi Ibrahim , Alsuwaidan Raseel , Alsiwat Lojain , Alsaleh Saad 
Published: December 2019

Introduction Saline nasal irrigation is a common recommendation shared between the majority of clinical guidelines for sinusitis and rhinitis in adults and children. Studies involving homemade saline have typically involved the use of noniodized salt. However, the literature does not contain any descriptions for the use of iodized table salt in homemade saline solutions. Objectives To study the usefulness of iodized salt in homemade saline and its impact on mucociliary clearance (MCC). Methods Only healthy volunteers were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. The sinonasal outcome test (SNOT)-22 and rhinoscopy were used to rule out any clinical evidence of sinusitis or rhinitis in the enrolled subjects. The saccharine clearance time (SCT) was used to evaluate MCC at baseline. Each candidate received 2 different nasal wash solutions—one containing iodized salt and the other containing noniodized salt—on different days. Visual analog scale pain scores were recorded while using each type of nasal wash. The SCT was assessed after each wash. Results Thirty-eight healthy candidates (18 men and 20 women) were enrolled in the study. All subjects were in their 30s. The mean baseline SCT was 10.92 minutes. The use of the noniodized salt solution led to a nonsignificant change ( P = .139) in mean SCT (9.68 min). In contrast, a significant change ( P = .035) was observed in mean SCT after the use of the iodized salt solution (9.06 min). However, the mean postirrigation SCT was not significantly different between solutions ( P = .31). No significant differences were observed in pain/discomfort experience between solutions. Conclusion MCC improved with both solutions. Interestingly, the improvement was significant, when the iodized salt nasal irrigation solution was used. This finding contradicts the conventional recommendation against the use of iodized salt in nasal rinse solution. Moreover, this solution was well tolerated. Further studies regarding the long-term safety are recommended.
Non-linear is not superior to linear aerobic training periodization in coronary heart disease patients
Authors: Boidin Maxime , Trachsel Lukas-Daniel , Nigam Anil , Juneau Martin , Tremblay Jonathan , Gayda Mathieu 
Published: December 2019

Background We aimed to compare: (1) two different periodized aerobic training protocols (linear (LP) versus non-linear (NLP)) on the cardiopulmonary exercise response in patients with coronary heart disease; (2) the proportion of responders between both training protocols. Design A randomized controlled trial. Methods A total of 39 coronary heart disease patients completed either LP ( n = 20, 65 ± 10 years) or NLP ( n = 19, 66 ± 5 years). All patients completed a cardiopulmonary exercise testing with gas exchange measurements. Patients underwent a 12-week supervised exercise program including an isoenergetic aerobic periodized training and a similar resistance training program, 3 times/week. Weekly energy expenditure was constantly increased in the LP group for the aerobic training, while it was deeply increased and intercepted with a recovery week each fourth week in the NLP group. Peak oxygen uptake (peak V̇O2), oxygen uptake efficiency slope, ventilatory efficiency slope (V̇E/V̇CO2 slope), V̇O2 at the first (VT1) and second (VT2) ventilatory thresholds, and oxygen pulse (O2 pulse) were measured. Responders were determined according the median value of the Δpeak V̇O2 (mL.min−1.kg−1). Results We found similar improvement for peak V̇O2 (LP: +8.1%, NLP: +5.3%, interaction: p = 0.37; time: p < 0.001) and for oxygen uptake efficiency slope, VT1, VT2 and O2 pulse in both groups (interaction: p > 0.05; time: p < 0.05) with a greater effect size in the LP group. The proportion of non-, low and high responders was similar between groups ( p = 0.29). Conclusion In contrast to the athletes, more variation (NLP) does not seem necessary for greater cardiopulmonary adaptations in coronary heart disease patients.