bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telerehabilitation After Stroke Using Readily Available Technology: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Saywell Nicola L. , Vandal Alain C. , Mudge Suzie , Hale Leigh , Brown Paul , Feigin Valery , Hanger Carl , Taylor Denise 
Published: November 2020

Background The number of people living with stroke has increased demand for rehabilitation. A potential solution is telerehabilitation for health care delivery to promote self-management. One such approach is the Augmented Community Telerehabilitation Intervention (ACTIV). This structured 6-month program uses limited face-to-face sessions, telephone contact, and text messages to augment stroke rehabilitation. Objective To investigate whether ACTIV improved physical function compared with usual care. Methods This 2-arm, parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted in 4 New Zealand centers. Inclusion criteria were patients with first-ever stroke, age >20 years, and discharged home. A blinded assessor completed outcome measurement in participants’ homes at baseline, postintervention, and 6 months postintervention. Stratified block randomization occurred after baseline assessment, with participants allocated to ACTIV or usual care control. Results A total of 95 people were recruited (ACTIV: n = 47; control: n = 48). Postintervention intention-to-treat analysis found a nonsignificant difference between the groups in scores (4·51; P = .07) for physical function (measured by the physical subcomponent of the Stroke Impact Scale). The planned per-protocol analysis (ACTIV: n = 43; control: n = 48) found a significant difference in physical function between the groups (5·28; P = .04). Improvements in physical function were not maintained at the 12-month follow-up. Conclusions ACTIV was not effective in improving physical function in the ACTIV group compared with the usual care group. The per-protocol analysis raises the possibility that for those who receive more than 50% of the intervention, ACTIV may be effective in preventing deterioration or even improving physical function in people with stroke, in the period immediately following discharge from hospital.
Frequency and predictors of occult cancer in ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rioux Bastien , Touma Lahoud , Nehme Ahmad , Gore Genevieve , Keezer Mark R , Gioia Laura C 
Published: November 2020

Background The optimal approach for cancer screening after an ischemic stroke remains unclear. Aims We sought to summarize the existing evidence regarding the frequency and predictors of cancer after an ischemic stroke. Summary of review We searched seven databases from January 1980 to September 2019 for articles reporting malignant tumors and myeloproliferative neoplasms diagnosed after an ischemic stroke (PROSPERO protocol: CRD42019132455). We screened 15,400 records and included 51 articles. The pooled cumulative incidence of cancer within one year after an ischemic stroke was 13.6 per thousand (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.6–24.8), higher in studies focusing on cryptogenic stroke (62.0 per thousand; 95% CI, 13.6–139.3 vs 9.6 per thousand; 95% CI, 4.0–17.3; p = 0.02) and those reporting cancer screening (39.2 per thousand; 95% CI, 16.4–70.6 vs 7.2 per thousand; 95% CI, 2.5–14.1; p = 0.003). Incidence of cancer after stroke was generally higher compared to people without stroke. Most cases were diagnosed within the first few months after stroke. Several predictors of cancer were identified, namely older age, smoking, and involvement of multiple vascular territories as well as elevated C-reactive protein and d-dimers. Conclusions The frequency of incident cancer after an ischemic stroke is low, but higher in cryptogenic stroke and after cancer screening. Several predictors may increase the yield of cancer screening after an ischemic stroke. The pooled incidence of post-stroke cancer is likely underestimated, and larger studies with systematic assessment of cancer after stroke are needed to produce more precise and valid estimates.
Precise Prediction of Total Body Lean and Fat Mass From Anthropometric and Demographic Data: Development and Validation of Neural Network Models
Authors: Cichosz Simon Lebech , Rasmussen Nicklas Højgaard , Vestergaard Peter , Hejlesen Ole 
Published: November 2020

Background: Estimating body composition is relevant in diabetes disease management, such as drug administration and risk assessment of morbidity/mortality. It is unclear how machine learning algorithms could improve easily obtainable body muscle and fat estimates. The objective was to develop and validate machine learning algorithms (neural networks) for precise prediction of body composition based on anthropometric and demographic data. Methods: Cross-sectional cohort study of 18 430 adults and children from the US population. Participants were examined with whole-body dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans, anthropometric assessment, and answered a demographic questionnaire. The primary outcomes were predicted total lean body mass (predLBM), total body fat mass (predFM), and trunk fat mass (predTFM) compared with reference values from DXA scans. Results: Participants were randomly partitioned into 70% training (12 901) data and 30% validation (5529) data. The prediction model for predLBM compared with lean body mass measured by DXA (DXALBM) had a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of R = 0.99 with a standard error of estimate (SEE) = 1.88 kg ( P < .001). The prediction model for predFM compared with fat mass measured by DXA (DXAFM) had a Pearson’s coefficient of R = 0.98 with a SEE = 1.91 kg ( P < .001). The prediction model for predTFM compared with DXA measured trunk fat mass (DXAFM) had a Pearson’s coefficient of R = 0.98 with a SEE = 1.13 kg ( P < .001). Conclusions: In this study, neural network models based on anthropometric and demographic data could precisely predict body muscle and fat composition. Precise body estimations are relevant in a broad range of clinical diabetes applications, prevention, and epidemiological research.
Microsurgical Anastomosis Rating Scale (MARS10): A Final Product Scoring System for Initial Microsurgical Training
Authors: Stogowski Piotr , Fliciński Filip , Białek Jan , Dąbrowski Filip , Piotrowski Maciej , Mazurek Tomasz 
Published: November 2020

Background: High cost and ethical controversy of using living models in microsurgical training made non-living models more popular. However, non-living models don’t provide appropriate feedback of microsurgical performance. Currently existing Global Rating Scales used for advanced microsurgical skills validation are difficult to apply on non-living model. This study presents a simple instrument for basic assessment of microsurgical anastomosis on non-living model. Methods: Seventy medical students were divided into 2 groups depending on their prior microsurgical experience. Each participant performed 3 end-to-end anastomoses on chicken femoral artery model. Anastomoses were reviewed by 3 blinded experts and then photographed. Evaluation included a patency tests, longitudinal cut of anastomosis, and the newly proposed tool 10 Point Microsurgical Anastomosis Rating Scale (MARS10). Presented scale consists of 5 factors important for anastomosis closure (anastomosis closure, suture spacing, bites size, knot tying, and cut ends length), graded on 3 point scale (0-2 points). Results were analyzed with analysis of variance, Spearman correlation, and t Student test. Results: Anastomoses evaluated by experts as patent significantly correlated with a high summary score in MARS10 scale (r = 0.73 P < .0001). There was a significant difference in MARS10 score between groups (P < .0001). There were no significant inter-rater differences in scoring among all 3 evaluators (p > .05). Conclusions: 10 Point Microsurgical Anastomosis Rating Scale is a quick, valid, and reliable tool to assess microsurgical end-to-end arterial anastomoses on non-living model.
Individual pain sensitivity is associated with resting-state cortical activities in healthy individuals but not in patients with migraine: a magnetoencephalography study
Authors: Hsiao Fu-Jung , Chen Wei-Ta , Liu Hung-Yu , Wang Yen-Feng , Chen Shih-Pin , Lai Kuan-Lin , Pan Li-Ling Hope , Wang Shuu-Jiun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Pain sensitivity may determine the risk, severity, prognosis, and efficacy of treatment of clinical pain. Magnetic resonance imaging studies have linked thermal pain sensitivity to changes in brain structure. However, the neural correlates of mechanical pain sensitivity remain to be clarified through investigation of direct neural activities on the resting-state cortical oscillation and synchrony.

Methods
We recorded the resting-state magnetoencephalographic (MEG) activities of 27 healthy individuals and 30 patients with episodic migraine (EM) and analyzed the source-based oscillatory powers and functional connectivity at 2 to 59 Hz in pain-related cortical regions, which are the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), medial orbitofrontal (MOF) cortex, lateral orbitofrontal (LOF) cortex, insula cortex, primary somatosensory cortex (SI), primary motor cortex (MI), and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). The mechanical punctate pain threshold (MPPT) was obtained at the supraorbital area (the first branch of the trigeminal nerve dermatome, V1) and the forearm (the first thoracic nerve dermatome, T1) and further correlated with MEG measures.

Results
The MPPT is inversely correlated with the resting-state relative powers of gamma oscillation in healthy individuals (all corrected P < 0.05). Specifically, inverse correlation was noted between the MPPT at V1 and gamma powers in the bilateral insula (r = − 0.592 [left] and − 0.529 [right]), PCC (r = − 0.619 and − 0.541) and MI (r = − 0.497 and − 0.549) and between the MPPT at T1 and powers in the left PCC (r = − 0.561) and bilateral MI (r = − 0.509 and − 0.520). Furthermore, resting-state functional connectivity at the delta to beta bands, especially between frontal (MOF, ACC, LOF, and MI), parietal (PCC), and sensorimotor (bilateral SI and MI) regions, showed a positive correlation with the MPPT at V1 and T1 (all corrected P < 0.05). By contrast, in patients with EM, the MPPT was not associated with resting-state cortical activities.

Conclusions
Pain sensitivity in healthy individuals is associated with the resting-state gamma oscillation and functional connectivity in pain-related cortical regions. Further studies must be conducted in a large population to confirm whether resting-state cortical activities can be an objective measurement of pain sensitivity in individuals without clinical pain.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of circumcision by freehand technique and Plastibell device in children
Authors: Hamza Babatunde K. , Ahmed Muhammed , Bello Ahmad , Sholadoye Tunde Talib , Tolani Musliu Adetola , Lawal Ahmad Tijjani , Muhammad Muhammad Salihu , Abdulsalam Khalifah Ibrahim , Oyelowo Nasir , Maitama Hussein Yusuf 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Circumcision has been practiced since antiquity and is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of the two most common techniques: Freehand and Plastibell techniques of circumcision.

Methods
The study was a prospective randomized study that was conducted on uncircumcised males at or below the age of 5 years that presented for circumcision. All boys who satisfied the inclusion criteria and whose parents consented, were randomized into two groups. Group A had freehand circumcision, while Group B had Plastibell circumcision. Patients were followed up at day 7 and day 28 postoperatively. The variables compared were operating time, cost, complications and parents’ satisfaction. All the data obtained were entered into a proforma. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Results
A total of 110 boys were circumcised, 55 boys in each group. The median ages in the Plastibell and freehand groups were one and three months respectively. The mean operating time was significantly shorter in the Plastibell group compared to freehand (3.53 min versus 16.7 min). Total cost implication per procedure was also cheaper in Plastibell compared to freehand (₦3700 versus ₦6600). However, complications were more in the Plastibell group compared to freehand (29.1% versus 9.1%; P = 0.008). These complications in Plastibell group were age related. Parents in both groups were equally satisfied with the outlook on day 28.

Conclusion
Plastibell circumcision has the advantage of being faster and cheaper than freehand circumcision. Complications were more in the Plastibell group, and they were found to be age related.
A comprehensive analysis of cotton VQ gene superfamily reveals their potential and extensive roles in regulating cotton abiotic stress
Authors: Chen Pengyun , wei Fei , Cheng Shuaishuai , Ma Liang , Wang Hantao , Zhang Meng , Mao Guangzhi , Lu Jianhua , Hao Pengbo , Ahmad Adeel , Gu Lijiao , Ma Qiang , Wu Aimin , Wei Hengling , Yu Shuxun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundValine-glutamine (VQ) motif-containing proteins play important roles in plant growth, development and abiotic stress response. For many plant species, theVQgenes have been identified and their functions have been described. However, little is known about the origin, evolution, and functions (and underlying mechanisms) of theVQfamily genes in cotton.ResultsIn this study, we comprehensively analyzed the characteristics of 268VQgenes from fourGossypiumgenomes and found that theVQproteins evolved into 10 clades, and each clade had a similar structural and conservative motif. The expansion of theVQgene was mainly through segmental duplication, followed by dispersal. Expression analysis revealed that manyGhVQsmight play important roles in response to salt and drought stress, andGhVQ18andGhVQ84were highly expressed under PEG and salt stress. Further analysis showed thatGhVQswere co-expressed withGhWRKYtranscription factors (TFs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) could hybridize to their cis-regulatory elements.ConclusionsThe results in this study broaden our understanding of theVQgene family in plants, and the analysis of the structure, conserved elements, and expression patterns of theVQsprovide a solid foundation for exploring their specific functions in cotton responding to abiotic stresses. Our study provides significant insight into the potential functions ofVQgenes in cotton.
iCLIP analysis of RNA substrates of the archaeal exosome
Authors: Bathke Jochen , Gauernack A. Susann , Rupp Oliver , Weber Lennart , Preusser Christian , Lechner Marcus , Rossbach Oliver , Goesmann Alexander , Evguenieva-Hackenberg Elena , Klug Gabriele 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
The archaeal exosome is an exoribonucleolytic multiprotein complex, which degrades single-stranded RNA in 3′ to 5′ direction phosphorolytically. In a reverse reaction, it can add A-rich tails to the 3′-end of RNA. The catalytic center of the exosome is in the aRrp41 subunit of its hexameric core. Its RNA-binding subunits aRrp4 and aDnaG confer poly(A) preference to the complex. The archaeal exosome was intensely characterized in vitro, but still little is known about its interaction with natural substrates in the cell, particularly because analysis of the transcriptome-wide interaction of an exoribonuclease with RNA is challenging.

Results
To determine binding sites of the exosome to RNA on a global scale, we performed individual-nucleotide resolution UV crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (iCLIP) analysis with antibodies directed against aRrp4 and aRrp41 of the chrenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. A relatively high proportion (17–19%) of the obtained cDNA reads could not be mapped to the genome. Instead, they corresponded to adenine-rich RNA tails, which are post-transcriptionally synthesized by the exosome, and to circular RNAs (circRNAs). We identified novel circRNAs corresponding to 5′ parts of two homologous, transposase-related mRNAs. To detect preferred substrates of the exosome, the iCLIP reads were compared to the transcript abundance using RNA-Seq data. Among the strongly enriched exosome substrates were RNAs antisense to tRNAs, overlapping 3′-UTRs and RNAs containing poly(A) stretches. The majority of the read counts and crosslink sites mapped in mRNAs. Furthermore, unexpected crosslink sites clustering at 5′-ends of RNAs was detected.

Conclusions
In this study, RNA targets of an exoribonuclease were analyzed by iCLIP. The data documents the role of the archaeal exosome as an exoribonuclease and RNA-tailing enzyme interacting with all RNA classes, and underlines its role in mRNA turnover, which is important for adaptation of prokaryotic cells to changing environmental conditions. The clustering of crosslink sites near 5′-ends of genes suggests simultaneous binding of both RNA ends by the S. solfataricus exosome. This may serve to prevent translation of mRNAs dedicated to degradation in 3′-5′ direction.
Natural variation of physiological traits, molecular markers, and chlorophyll catabolic genes associated with heat tolerance in perennial ryegrass accessions
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Hui , Jiang Yiwei , Li Huibin , Zhang Zhipeng , Xu Zhipeng , Xu Bin , Huang Bingru 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIdentification of genetic diversity in heat tolerance and associated traits is of great importance for improving heat tolerance in cool-season grass species. The objectives of this study were to determine genetic variations in heat tolerance associated with phenotypic and physiological traits and to identify molecular markers associated with heat tolerance in a diverse collection of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.).ResultsPlants of 98 accessions were subjected to heat stress (35/30 °C, day/night) or optimal growth temperature (25/20 °C) for 24 d in growth chambers. Overall heat tolerance of those accessions was ranked by principal component analysis (PCA) based on eight phenotypic and physiological traits. Among these traits, electrolyte leakage (EL), chlorophyll content (Chl), relative water content (RWC) had high correlation coefficients (− 0.858, 0.769, and 0.764, respectively) with the PCA ranking of heat tolerance. We also found expression levels of four Chl catabolic genes (CCGs), includingLpNYC1,LpNOL,LpSGR, andLpPPH, were significant higher in heat sensitive ryegrass accessions then heat tolerant ones under heat stress. Furthermore, 66 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to perform association analysis based on the PCA result. The population structure of ryegrass can be grouped into three clusters, and accessions in cluster C were relatively more heat tolerant than those in cluster A and B. SSR markers significantly associated with above-mentioned traits were identified (R2 > 0.05,p < 0.01)., including two pairs of markers located on chromosome 4 in association with Chl content and another four pairs of markers in association with EL.ConclusionThe result not only identified useful physiological parameters, including EL, Chl content, and RWC, and their associated SSR markers for heat-tolerance breeding of perennial ryegrass, but also highlighted the involvement of Chl catabolism in ryegrass heat tolerance. Such knowledge is of significance for heat-tolerance breeding and heat tolerance mechanisms in perennial ryegrass as well as in other cool-season grass species.
Congenital coronary artery fistula in pediatric patients: transcatheter versus surgical closure
Authors: Wang Xiaoyong , Pang Chengcheng , Liu Xiaobing , Wang Shushui , Zhang Zhiwei , Chen Jimei , Zhuang Jian , Zhou Chengbin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Transcatheter closure (TCC) and surgical closure (SC) are the two main approaches for congenital coronary artery fistula (CCAF), but data on the comparisons of the efficacy and safety of these two approaches are limited.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed pediatric patients with CCAF in Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute between January 2002 and December 2017. Patients who were qualified into our criteria were included into final analysis. The rate of successful closure and complications during hospitalization and at follow-up were compared between SC and TCC groups.

Results
In total, 121 pediatric patients (male, n = 69; female, n = 52) with CCAF were divided to TCC (n = 63) and SC groups (n = 58) according to the indications. The mean age was 5.3 ± 1.4 years. The baseline characteristics of these two groups were similar except for the fistula anatomic feature. After adjusted for the fistula anatomy, compared to SC, TCC was associated with higher risk of major complications (p = 0.013). Proportions of patients requiring blood transfusion and intra-operative blood loss were higher in SC versus TCC groups, as were longer duration of hospital and ICU stay during hospitalization. In contrast, myocardial ischemia (10.2% vs 0.0%, p = 0.028), residual shunts (16.9% vs 3.6%, p = 0.045) and new-onset moderate-to-severe valve regurgitation (11.9% vs 0.0%, p = 0.013) were higher in TCC group versus SC groups during follow-up.

Conclusions
TCC has less invasive and faster recovery. However, SC had a higher successful rate and lower risk of major complications in pediatric patients.
HER2 gene assessment in liquid biopsy of gastric and esophagogastric junction cancer patients qualified for surgery
Authors: Grenda Anna , Wojas-Krawczyk Kamila , Skoczylas Tomasz , Krawczyk Paweł , Sierocińska-Sawa Jadwiga , Wallner Grzegorz , Milanowski Janusz 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Amplification of HER2 gene (ERBB2) and overexpression of HER2 protein on cancer cells are found in 10–26% of gastric cancer (GC) and esophagogastric junction cancer (EGJC). Gene copy number variation (CNV) could be detected in these patients in liquid biopsy and in cancer cells.

Methods
We analysed HER2 gene CNV used qPCR method in 87 sera collected from GC and EGJC patients before surgical treatment and in 40 sera obtained from healthy donors. HER2 gene CNV was also assessed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue. Furthermore, we assessed the number of HER2 gene copies and HER2 expression in cancer cells using the fluorescent in situ hybridization method (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Results
We found that the HER2 gene copy number in liquid biopsy was higher in GC and EGJC patients compared to healthy people (p = 0.01). Moreover, EGJC patients had higher number of HER2 gene copies than healthy donors (p = 0.0016). HER2 CNV examination could distinguish healthy individuals and patients with gastric or esophagogastric junction cancers with sensitivity and specificity of 58% and 98% (AUC = 0.707, 95% CI 0.593–0.821, p = 0.004). We found that patients with a high copy number of the HER2 gene in the tumor tissue assessed by qPCR (but not by FISH) have significantly more often a high number of HER2 gene copies in liquid biopsy (p = 0.04).

Conclusions
We suggested that HER2 testing in liquid biopsy could be used as an auxiliary method to analysis of HER2 status in tumor tissue in gastric or esophagogastric junction cancers.