bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comment on “On the Difficulties and Pitfalls with the Analysis of Solid‑State 13C NMR Spectra in Graphitic Materials”
Authors: Vyalikh Anastasia , Okotrub Alexander V. , Koroteev Victor O. , Bulusheva Lyubov G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA recent paper on solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance in graphitic materials reports on the difficulties with the interpretation of the spectra and presents alternative methods to obtain informative experimental data. Therein, special emphasis is placed on the role of dipole–dipole interactions in the case of 13C-enriched samples and on the assignment of the 13C spectral components beyond the common “graphitic range”. Here, we show that the consideration of the experimental conditions, namely, the speed of magic angle spinning, plays a more important role in the data interpretation. Further, we provide the experimental and theoretical evidences that the appearance of the 13C resonances shifted upfield from the typical sp2-hybridized carbon range is not surprising, but rather exhibits a characteristic feature of the graphitic materials with specific morphology. Finally, we show that analysis of the anisotropy of the chemical shift tensor is informative even in the case of very broad 13C spectra and supports the microscopy observations.
Adsorption of vancomycin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin and tygecycline on the filters in continuous renal replacement therapy circuits: in full blood in vitro study
Authors: Onichimowski Dariusz , Nosek Krzysztof , Ziółkowski Hubert , Jaroszewski Jerzy , Pawlos Aleksandra , Czuczwar Mirosław 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the in vitro adsorption of antibiotics: vancomycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and tigecycline on both polyethyleneimine-treated polyacrylonitrile membrane of AN69ST filter and polysulfone membrane of AV1000 filter using porcine blood as a model close to in vivo conditions. The porcine blood with antibiotic dissolved in it was pumped into hemofiltration circuit (with AN69ST or AV1000 filter), ultrafiltration fluid was continuously returned to the reservoir containing blood with antibiotic. Blood samples to determine antibiotic concentrations were taken at minutes 0, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 from the pre- blood pump of the hemofiltration circuit. To assess possible spontaneous degradation of the drug in the solution there was an additional reservoir prepared for each antibiotic, containing blood with the drug, which was not connected to the circuit. In the case of vancomycin, ciprofloxacine and tigecycline, a statistically significant decrease in the drug concentration in the hemofiltration circuit in comparison to initial value as well as to the concentrations in the control blood was observed, both for polyacrylonitrile and plolysulfone membrane. In the case of gentamicin, significant adsorption was noted only on polyacrylonitrile membrane. Our studies demonstrated that in full blood adsorption of antibiotics may be big enough to be of clinical significance. In particular in the case of polyacrylonitrile membrane.
Bacillus spores: a review of their properties and inactivation processing technologies
Authors: Cho Won-Il , Chung Myong-Soo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMany factors determine the resistance properties of a Bacillus spore to heat, chemical and physical processing, including thick proteinaceous coats, peptidoglycan cortex and low water content, high levels of dipicolinic acid (DPA), and divalent cations in the spore core. Recently, attention has been focused on non-thermal inactivation methods based on high pressure, ultrasonic, high voltage electric fields and cold plasmas for inactivating Bacillus spores associated with deterioration in quality and safety. The important chemical sporicides are glutaraldehyde, chorine-releasing agents, peroxygens, and ethylene oxide. Some food-grade antimicrobial agents exhibit sporostatic and sporicidal activities, such as protamine, polylysine, sodium lactate, essential oils. Surfactants with hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties have been reported to have inactivation activity against spores. The combined treatment of physical and chemical treatment such as heating, UHP (ultra high pressure), PEF (pulsed electric field), UV (ultraviolet), IPL (intense pulsed light) and natural antimicrobial agents can act synergistically and effectively to kill Bacillus spores in the food industry.
The stroke mothership model survived during COVID-19 era: an observational single-center study in Emilia-Romagna, Italy
Authors: Zini Andrea , Romoli Michele , Gentile Mauro , Migliaccio Ludovica , Picoco Cosimo , Dell’Arciprete Oscar , Simonetti Luigi , Naldi Federica , Piccolo Laura , Gordini Giovanni , Tagliatela Francesco , Bua Vincenzo , Cirillo Luigi , Princiotta Ciro , Coniglio Carlo , Descovich Carlo , Cortelli Pietro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction
A reduction of the hospitalization and reperfusion treatments was reported during COVID-19 pandemic. However, high variability in results emerged, potentially due to logistic paradigms adopted. Here, we analyze stroke code admissions, hospitalizations, and stroke belt performance for ischemic stroke patients in the metropolitan Bologna region, comparing temporal trends between 2019 and 2020 to define the impact of COVID-19 on the stroke network.

Methods
This retrospective observational study included all people admitted at the Bologna Metropolitan Stroke Center in timeframes 1 March 2019–30 April 2019 (cohort-2019) and 1 March 2020–30 April 2020 (cohort-2020). Diagnosis, treatment strategy, and timing were compared between the two cohorts to define temporal trends.

Results
Overall, 283 patients were admitted to the Stroke Center, with no differences in demographic factors between cohort-2019 and cohort-2020. In cohort-2020, transient ischemic attack (TIA) was significantly less prevalent than 2019 (6.9% vs 14.4%, p = .04). Among 216 ischemic stroke patients, moderate-to-severe stroke was more represented in cohort-2020 (17.8% vs 6.2%, p = .027). Similar proportions of patients underwent reperfusion (45.9% in 2019 vs 53.4% in 2020), although a slight increase in combined treatment was detected (14.4% vs 25.4%, p = .05). Door-to-scan timing was significantly prolonged in 2020 compared with 2019 (28.4 ± 12.6 vs 36.7 ± 14.6, p = .03), although overall timing from stroke to treatment was preserved.

Conclusion
During COVID-19 pandemic, TIA and minor stroke consistently reduced compared to the same timeframe in 2019. Longer stroke-to-call and door-to-scan times, attributable to change in citizen behavior and screening at hospital arrival, did not impact on stroke-to-treatment time. Mothership model might have minimized the effects of the pandemic on the stroke care organization.
A machine learning algorithm supports ultrasound-naïve novices in the acquisition of diagnostic echocardiography loops and provides accurate estimation of LVEF
Authors: Schneider Matthias , Bartko Philipp , Geller Welf , Dannenberg Varius , König Andreas , Binder Christina , Goliasch Georg , Hengstenberg Christian , Binder Thomas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLeft ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is the most important parameter in the assessment of cardiac function. A machine-learning algorithm was trained to guide ultrasound-novices to acquire diagnostic echocardiography images. The artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm then estimates LVEF from the captured apical-4-chamber (AP4), apical-2-chamber (AP2), and parasternal-long-axis (PLAX) loops. We sought to test this algorithm by having first-year medical students without previous ultrasound knowledge scan real patients. Nineteen echo-naïve first-year medical students were trained in the basics of echocardiography by a 2.5 h online video tutorial. Each student then scanned three patients with the help of the AI. Image quality was graded according to the American College of Emergency Physicians scale. If rated as diagnostic quality, the AI calculated LVEF from the acquired loops (monoplane and also a “best-LVEF” considering all views acquired in the particular patient). These LVEF calculations were compared to images of the same patients captured and read by three experts (ground-truth LVEF [GT-EF]). The novices acquired diagnostic-quality images in 33/57 (58%), 49/57 (86%), and 39/57 (68%) patients in the PLAX, AP4, and AP2, respectively. At least one of the three views was obtained in 91% of the attempts. We found an excellent agreement between the machine’s LVEF calculations from images acquired by the novices with the GT-EF (bias of 3.5% ± 5.6 and r = 0.92, p < 0.001 in the “best-LVEF” algorithm). This pilot study shows first evidence that a machine-learning algorithm can guide ultrasound-novices to acquire diagnostic echo loops and provide an automated LVEF calculation that is in agreement with a human expert.
The role of caspase-8 in the tumor microenvironment of ovarian cancer
Authors: Kostova Izabela , Mandal Ranadip , Becker Sven , Strebhardt Klaus 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCaspase-8 is an aspartate-specific cysteine protease, which is best known for its apoptotic functions. Caspase-8 is placed at central nodes of multiple signal pathways, regulating not only the cell cycle but also the invasive and metastatic cell behavior, the immune cell homeostasis and cytokine production, which are the two major components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Ovarian cancer often has dysregulated caspase-8 expression, leading to imbalance between its apoptotic and non-apoptotic functions within the tumor and the surrounding milieu. The downregulation of caspase-8 in ovarian cancer seems to be linked to high aggressiveness with chronic inflammation, immunoediting, and immune resistance. Caspase-8 plays therefore an essential role not only in the primary tumor cells but also in the TME by regulating the immune response, B and T lymphocyte activation, and macrophage differentiation and polarization. The switch between M1 and M2 macrophages is possibly associated with changes in the caspase-8 expression. In this review, we are discussing the non-apoptotic functions of caspase-8, highlighting this protein as a modulator of the immune response and the cytokine composition in the TME. Considering the low survival rate among ovarian cancer patients, it is urgently necessary to develop new therapeutic strategies to optimize the response to the standard treatment. The TME is highly heterogenous and provides a variety of opportunities for new drug targets. Given the variety of roles of caspase-8 in the TME, we should focus on this protein in the development of new therapeutic strategies against the TME of ovarian cancer.
Generalized isotopic shift construction for APN functions
Authors: Budaghyan Lilya , Calderini Marco , Carlet Claude , Coulter Robert , Villa Irene 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this work we give several generalizations of the isotopic shift construction, introduced recently by Budaghyan et al. (IEEE Trans Inform Theory 66:5299–5309, 2020), when the initial function is a Gold function. In particular, we derive a general construction of APN functions which covers several unclassified APN functions for $$n=8$$

n
=
8

and produces fifteen new APN functions for $$n=9$$

n
=
9

.
Differentially low uniform permutations from known 4-uniform functions
Authors: Calderini Marco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFunctions with low differential uniformity can be used in a block cipher as S-boxes since they have good resistance to differential attacks. In this paper we consider piecewise constructions for permutations with low differential uniformity. In particular, we give two constructions of differentially 6-uniform functions, modifying the Gold function and the Bracken–Leander function on a subfield.
The Anelastic Ericksen Problem: Universal Deformations and Universal Eigenstrains in Incompressible Nonlinear Anelasticity
Authors: Goodbrake Christian , Yavari Arash , Goriely Alain 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEricksen’s problem consists of determining all equilibrium deformations that can be sustained solely by the application of boundary tractions for an arbitrary incompressible isotropic hyperelastic material whose stress-free configuration is geometrically flat. We generalize this by first, using a geometric formulation of this problem to show that all the known universal solutions are symmetric with respect to Lie subgroups of the special Euclidean group. Second, we extend this problem to its anelastic version, where the stress-free configuration of the body is a Riemannian manifold. Physically, this situation corresponds to the case where nontrivial finite eigenstrains are present. We characterize explicitly the universal eigenstrains that share the symmetries present in the classical problem, and show that in the presence of eigenstrains, the six known classical families of universal solutions merge into three distinct anelastic families, distinguished by their particular symmetry group. Some generic solutions of these families correspond to well-known cases of anelastic eigenstrains. Additionally, we show that some of these families possess a branch of anomalous solutions, and demonstrate the unique features of these solutions and the equilibrium stress they generate.
Exports and inputs of organic carbon on agricultural soils in Germany
Authors: Jacobs Anna , Poeplau Christopher , Weiser Christian , Fahrion-Nitschke Andrea , Don Axel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe quantity and quality of organic carbon (Corg) input drive soil Corg stocks and thus fertility and climate mitigation potential of soils. To estimate fluxes of Corg as net primary production (NPP), exports, and inputs on German arable and grassland soils, we used field management data surveyed within the Agricultural Soil Inventory (n = 27.404 cases of sites multiplied by years). Further, we refined the concept of yield-based Corg allocation coefficients and delivered a new regionalized method applicable for agricultural soils in Central Europe. Mean total NPP calculated for arable and grassland soils was 6.9 ± 2.3 and 5.9 ± 2.9 Mg Corg ha−1 yr−1, respectively, of which approximately half was exported. On average, total Corg input calculated did not differ between arable (3.7 ± 1.8 Mg ha−1 yr−1) and grassland soils (3.7 ± 1.3 Mg ha−1 yr−1) but Corg sources were different: Grasslands received 1.4 times more Corg from root material than arable soils and we suggest that this difference in quality rather than quantity drives differences in soil Corg stocks between land use systems. On arable soils, side products were exported in 43% of the site * years. Cover crops were cultivated in 11% of site * years and contributed on average 3% of the mean annual total NPP. Across arable crops, total NPP drove Corg input (R2 = 0.47) stronger than organic fertilization (R2 = 0.11). Thus, maximizing plant growth enhances Corg input to soil. Our results are reliable estimates of management related Corg fluxes on agricultural soils in Germany.
Control of fouling in the aquaculture of Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus by regular desiccation
Authors: Meichssner Rafael , Stegmann Nadja , Cosin Anna-Sarah , Sachs Dagobert , Bressan Matthias , Marx Henriette , Krost Peter , Schulz Rüdiger 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFouling is a major problem in seaweed aquaculture and one of the main obstacles during the domestication process for new culture species. During first attempts to cultivate Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus in the Kiel fjord (Western Baltic Sea), fouling by the epizoans Electra pilosa, Mytilus sp., and Amphibalanus improvisus rendered the production of marketable biomass impossible. This study tested (1) if regular desiccation by air exposure is effective in decreasing the abundance and size of foulers and (2) if and how regular desiccation affects the growth performance of the cultivated Fucus thalli. For this purpose, thalli of F. vesiculosus and F. serratus were cultivated freely floating in baskets directly deployed in the fjord and desiccated to defined percentages of the wet weight (ww) by air exposure. The treatments comprised controls and desiccations of different intensities (from 90 to 40% of ww) and at different frequencies (1× week−1, 3× week−1). Growth rates of both Fucus species were not or only slightly reduced by the desiccation treatments. The final harvested biomass of F. vesiculosus under frequent mild desiccations (3× week−1 to 80% of ww) was even higher than the biomass of undesiccated controls. The size of the epizoans E. pilosa and A. improvisus was significantly reduced by the desiccation treatments and the abundance of all epizoan species was drastically reduced by the desiccation regimes. Frequent mild desiccations (F. vesiculosus: 3× week−1 to 80% of ww, F. serratus: 3× week−1 to 90% of ww) proved to be most effective and decreased the epizoan ww share of the total harvest from 13.0 ± 4.8% in the control to 1.8 ± 0.2% for F. vesiculosus and from 19.1 ± 2.7 to 1.0 ± 0.1% for F. serratus. Thus, desiccation seems to be an effective measure for the production of clean Fucus biomass in culture which is necessary for further valorization. A technical solution for the implementation of this procedure in large-scale cultures remains to be developed.
Who will go the extra mile? Selecting organizational citizens with a personality-based structured job interview
Authors: Heimann Anna Luca , Ingold Pia V. , Debus Maike E. , Kleinmann Martin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEmployees’ organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) are important drivers of organizational effectiveness. Yet, there exist no established tools for selecting employees with a propensity to engage in OCB. Given that personality traits describe typical behavioral tendencies and are established OCB predictors, we propose that personality assessment is a useful approach for selecting employees who are likely to exhibit OCB. To test this proposition, we developed a structured job interview measuring the Big Five traits and then compared this interview to a personality self-report measure to determine which method of personality assessment works best for selecting organizational citizens. Employees (N = 223) from various occupations participated in the structured job interview and completed the personality self-report in a simulated selection setting. We then obtained supervisor ratings of employees’ OCB. Results supported the assumption that structured job interviews can be specifically designed to assess the Big Five personality traits and, most importantly, to predict OCB. Interview ratings of specific personality traits differentially predicted different types of OCB (i.e., OCB-compliance, OCB-helping, and OCB-initiative) and explained incremental variance in OCB over and above personality self-reports and verbal cognitive ability. Taken together, these findings expand our knowledge about dispositional predictors of OCBs, personality assessment in selection, and the design of job interviews.
Composition of Strawberry Floral Volatiles and their Effects on Behavior of Strawberry Blossom Weevil, Anthonomus rubi
Authors: Mozūraitis Raimondas , Hall David , Trandem Nina , Ralle Baiba , Tunström Kalle , Sigsgaard Lene , Baroffio Catherine , Fountain Michelle , Cross Jerry , Wibe Atle , Borg-Karlson Anna-Karin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe strawberry blossom weevil (SBW), Anthonomus rubi, is a major pest in strawberry fields throughout Europe. Traps baited with aggregation pheromone are used for pest monitoring. However, a more effective lure is needed. For a number of pests, it has been shown that the attractiveness of a pheromone can be enhanced by host plant volatiles. The goal of this study was to explore floral volatile blends of different strawberry species (Fragaria x ananassa and Fragaria vesca) to identify compounds that might be used to improve the attractiveness of existing lures for SBW. Floral emissions of F. x a. varieties Sonata, Beltran, Korona, and of F. vesca, were collected by both solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and dynamic headspace sampling on Tenax. Analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry showed the floral volatiles of F. x ananassa. and F. vesca were dominated by aromatic compounds and terpenoids, with 4-methoxybenzaldehyde (p-anisaldehyde) and α-muurolene the major compounds produced by the two species, respectively. Multi-dimensional scaling analyses separated the blends of the two species and explained differences between F. vesca genotypes and, to some degree, variation between F. x ananassa varieties In two-choice behavioral tests, SBW preferred odors of flowering strawberry plants to those of non-flowering plants, but weevils did not discriminate between odors from F. x ananassa and F. vesca flowering plants. Adding blends of six synthetic flower volatiles to non-flowering plants of both species increased the preference of SBW for these over the plants alone. When added individually to non-flowering plants, none of the components increased the preference of SBW, indicating a synergistic effect. However, SBW responded to 1,4-dimethoxybenzene, a major component of volatiles from F. viridis, previously found to synergize the attractiveness of the SBW aggregation pheromone in field studies.
How Do Memories of Having Been Parented Relate to the Parenting-Experience of Fathers in Treatment for Intimate Partner Violence? A Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Mohaupt Henning , Duckert Fanny , Askeland Ingunn Rangul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFew studies have examined how men who use intimate partner violence (IPV) experience being a parent. This study describes how Norwegian men in treatment for IPV reflect upon the impact of their childhood experiences on their fathering. We interviewed 11 men in treatment for IPV regarding their fathering experience, and their memories of having been parented. We performed a descriptive phenomenological analysis of the data. We identified two superordinate themes that described the participants’ fathering experience: being a benign versus being a detrimental force in the child’s life and having the intention of not repeating and the actual repetition of harmful parenting. The participants described being conflicted regarding being potentially damaging for their child’s development. They generally described a lack of stable positive relationships, both early in life and in the present. Partner-violent men’s meaning making of their fathering seems to be influenced by their early-life experiences with their parents in several problematic ways. Fathers who use IPV may both accept and reject that they have been harmed by the parenting they received as children. Similarly, they may both acknowledge and discard that their use of violence harms their children. We suggest that therapy should explore these themes and their consequences for the father - child relationship.