bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes mellitus among adults with tuberculosis in the USA, 2010–2017
Authors: Armstrong Lori R , Kammerer J Steve , Haddad Maryam B 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionTo describe diabetes trends among adults with incident tuberculosis (TB) disease and examine diabetes-associated TB characteristics and patient outcomes in the USA.Research design and methodsWe examined all 71 855 persons aged ≥20 years with incident TB disease reported to the National Tuberculosis Surveillance System during 2010–2017. We performed multivariable logistic regression, comparing characteristics and outcomes among patients with TB reported to have diabetes and those whose diabetes status was unknown.ResultsAn overall 18% (n=13 281) of the 71 855 adults with incident TB disease were reported as also having diabetes; the annual proportion increased from 15% in 2010 to 22% in 2017. Among patients aged ≥45 years with both TB and diabetes, the adjusted OR for cavitary or sputum smear-positive TB was 1.7 and 1.5, respectively (95% CIs 1.5 to 1.8 and 1.4 to 1.6). Patients with TB and diabetes had 30% greater odds of dying and took longer to achieve negativeMycobacterium tuberculosiscultures and complete treatment.ConclusionsThe prevalence of reported diabetes among adults with TB disease has increased. Having diabetes as a comorbidity negatively affects patient outcomes. In accordance with national recommendations, all patients aged ≥45 years and all younger patients who have risk factors for diabetes should be screened for diabetes at the start of TB treatment.
Impact of beta blockers on patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: the OCEAN-TAVI registry
Authors: Saito Tetsuya , Yoshijima Nobuhiro , Hase Hiromu , Yashima Fumiaki , Tsuruta Hikaru , Shimizu Hideyuki , Fukuda Keiichi , Naganuma Toru , Mizutani Kazuki , Araki Motoharu , Tada Norio , Yamanaka Futoshi , Shirai Shinichi , Tabata Minoru , Ueno Hiroshi , Takagi Kensuke , Higashimori Akihiro , Watanabe Yusuke , Yamamoto Masanori , Hayashida Kentaro 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThere is paucity of data on optimal medical treatment, including use of beta blockers for patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The study aimed to investigate the association of beta blockers and clinical outcomes following TAVR.MethodsWe examined data of 2563 patients who underwent TAVR between October 2013 and May 2017 obtained from a prospective multicentre cohort registry, the optimised catheter valvular intervention-TAVI registry. We compared the 2-year cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality and in-hospital outcomes between patients with and without preprocedural beta-blocker administration by propensity score matching (PSM).ResultsPreprocedural beta blockers were prescribed in 867 patients (33.8%). After PSM, the incidence of in-hospital congestive heart failure was significantly lower in patients with preprocedural beta blocker (p=0.046). No differences were found in 2-year cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality. In the subgroup analyses, beta-blocker administration was associated with a lower cardiovascular mortality within 2 years in patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG; log-rank p=0.017), presence of peripheral artery disease (PAD; log-rank p=0.003) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) ≥400 pg/mL (log-rank p=0.003). When stratified by postprocedural left ventricular ejection fraction (post-LVEF), beta-blocker administration was associated with a lower cardiovascular mortality among patients with post-LVEF <50% (log-rank p=0.024).ConclusionsPreprocedural beta-blocker administration was not associated with 2-year cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality in overall, but was associated with a lower 2-year cardiovascular mortality in patients with a history of CABG, presence of PAD, BNP ≥400 pg/mL and post-LVEF <50%. The findings must be validated using randomised trials.
The influences of chokeberry extract supplementation on redox status and body composition in handball players during competition phase
Authors: Cikiriz Nikola , Milosavljevic Isidora , Jakovljevic Biljana , Bolevich Stefani , Jeremic Jovana , Nikolic Turnic Tamara , Mitrovic Miroslav , Srejovic Ivan , Bolevich Sergey , Jakovljevic Vladimir 
Published: July 2020

The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of 12 weeks of consumption of chokeberry extract on redox status, body composition, lipid profile, and biochemical parameters in active handball players. The study included 16 handball players aged 16–24 years (20.26 ± 2.86 years). Every morning before training, players received 30 mL of liquid chokeberry extract for 12 weeks during the regular competition season. The research consisted of morphofunctional and biochemical testing, which was performed at three points (at the beginning of the study and at 6 and 12 weeks after extract consumption). After the chokeberry extract treatment, we observed significant changes in three main aspects. The 12 week supplementation with chokeberry extract decreased the levels of prooxidants (TBARS and nitrites) and increased catalase activity. Analyzing the dynamic of body composition showed a decrease in body fat (9.4 ± 0.5 vs. 7.3 ± 0.6 kg) as well as its percent in a body (11.4 ± 0.4% vs. 8.8 ± 0.4%). On the other hand, the analysis showed an increase of high-density lipoprotein (1.3 ± 0.3 vs. 1.6 ± 0.2 mmol/L) and hemoglobin (144.4 ± 11.7 vs. 151.7 ± 9.9 g/L) after 6 weeks of treatment. At the same time, a decrease in leukocytes (7.2 × 109 ± 2.8 vs. 6.5 ± 1.2 × 109/L) and an increase in red blood cells count (4.9 ± 0.4 × 109 vs. 5.5 ± 0.5 × 109/L) were observed. Overall, these results emphatically show that the use of chokeberry extract dietary supplement induced a wide range of beneficial effects in the examined group of athletes.
Active phase field crystal systems with inertial delay and underdamped dynamics
Authors: Arold Dominic , Schmiedeberg Michael 
Published: July 2020

Abstract.
Active matter systems often are well approximated as overdamped, meaning that any inertial momentum is immediately dissipated by the environment. On the other hand, especially for macroscopic systems but also for many mesoscopic ones particle mass can become relevant for the dynamics. For such systems we recently proposed an underdamped continuum model which captures translationally inertial dynamics via two contributions. First, convection and second a damping time scale of inertial motion. In this paper, we ask how both of these features influence the collective behavior compared to overdamped dynamics by studying the example of the active phase field crystal model. We first focus on the case of suppressed convection to study the role of the damping time. We quantify that the relaxation process to the steady collective motion state is considerably prolonged with damping time due to the increasing occurrence of transient groups of circularly moving density peaks. Finally, we illustrate the fully underdamped case with convection. Instead of collective motion of density peaks we then find a coexistence of constant high and low density phases reminiscent of motility-induced phase separation.

Graphical abstract
Accumulation of Molecular Aberrations Distinctive to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression
Authors: Midorikawa Yutaka , Yamamoto Shogo , Tatsuno Kenji , Renard-Guillet Claire , Tsuji Shingo , Hayashi Akimasa , Ueda Hiroki , Fukuda Shiro , Fujita Takanori , Katoh Hiroto , Ishikawa Shumpei , Covington Kyle R. , Creighton Chad J. , Sugitani Masahiko , Wheeler David A. , Shibata Tatsuhiro , Nagae Genta , Takayama Tadatoshi , Aburatani Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Cancer develops through the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic aberrations. To identify sequential molecular alterations that occur during the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we compared 52 early and 108 overt HCC samples by genome sequencing. Gene mutations in the p53/RB1 pathway, WNT pathway, MLL protein family, SWI/SNF complexes, and AKT/PI3K pathway were common in HCC. In the early phase of all entities, TERT was the most frequently upregulated gene owing to diverse mechanisms. Despite frequent somatic mutations in driver genes, including CTNNB1 and TP53, early HCC was a separate molecular entity from overt HCC, as each had a distinct expression profile. Notably, WNT target genes were not activated in early HCC regardless of CTNNB1 mutation status because β-catenin did not translocate into the nucleus due to the E-cadherin/β-catenin complex at the membrane. Conversely, WNT targets were definitively upregulated in overt HCC, with CTNNB1 mutation associated with downregulation of CDH1 and hypomethylation of CpG islands in target genes. Similarly, cell-cycle genes downstream of the p53/RB pathway were upregulated only in overt HCC, with TP53 or RB1 gene mutations associated with chromosomal deletion of 4q or 16q. HCC was epigenetically distinguished into four subclasses: normal-like methylation, global-hypomethylation (favorable prognosis), stem-like methylation (poor prognosis), and CpG island methylation. These methylation statuses were globally maintained through HCC progression. Collectively, these data show that as HCC progresses, additional molecular events exclusive of driver gene mutations cooperatively contribute to transcriptional activation of downstream targets according to methylation status.

Significance:
In addition to driver gene mutations in the WNT and p53 pathways, further molecular events are required for aberrant transcriptional activation of these pathways as HCC progresses.
Leveraging Systematic Functional Analysis to Benchmark an In Silico Framework Distinguishes Driver from Passenger MEK Mutants in Cancer
Authors: Hanrahan Aphrothiti J. , Sylvester Brooke E. , Chang Matthew T. , Elzein Arijh , Gao Jianjiong , Han Weiwei , Liu Ye , Xu Dong , Gao Sizhi P. , Gorelick Alexander N. , Jones Alexis M. , Kiliti Amber J. , Nissan Moriah H. , Nimura Clare A. , Poteshman Abigail N. , Yao Zhan , Gao Yijun , Hu Wenhuo , Wise Hannah C. , Gavrila Elena I. , Shoushtari Alexander N. , Tiwari Shakuntala , Viale Agnes , Abdel-Wahab Omar , Merghoub Taha , Berger Michael F. , Rosen Neal , Taylor Barry S. , Solit David B. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Despite significant advances in cancer precision medicine, a significant hurdle to its broader adoption remains the multitude of variants of unknown significance identified by clinical tumor sequencing and the lack of biologically validated methods to distinguish between functional and benign variants. Here we used functional data on MAP2K1 and MAP2K2 mutations generated in real-time within a co-clinical trial framework to benchmark the predictive value of a three-part in silico methodology. Our computational approach to variant classification incorporated hotspot analysis, three-dimensional molecular dynamics simulation, and sequence paralogy. In silico prediction accurately distinguished functional from benign MAP2K1 and MAP2K2 mutants, yet drug sensitivity varied widely among activating mutant alleles. These results suggest that multifaceted in silico modeling can inform patient accrual to MEK/ERK inhibitor clinical trials, but computational methods need to be paired with laboratory- and clinic-based efforts designed to unravel variabilities in drug response.

Significance:
Leveraging prospective functional characterization of MEK1/2 mutants, it was found that hotspot analysis, molecular dynamics simulation, and sequence paralogy are complementary tools that can robustly prioritize variants for biologic, therapeutic, and clinical validation.
See related commentary by Whitehead and Sebolt-Leopold, p. 4042
Exposure of Patient-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to TGFB1 Supports Fibrosis Induction in a Pediatric Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia Model
Authors: Hack Theresa , Bertram Stefanie , Blair Helen , Börger Verena , Büsche Guntram , Denson Lora , Fruth Enrico , Giebel Bernd , Heidenreich Olaf , Klein–Hitpass Ludger , Kollipara Laxmikanth , Sendker Stephanie , Sickmann Albert , Walter Christiane , von Neuhoff Nils , Hanenberg Helmut , Reinhardt Dirk , Schneider Markus , Rasche Mareike 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Bone marrow fibrosis (BMF) is a rare complication in acute leukemia. In pediatrics, it predominantly occurs in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) and especially in patients with trisomy 21, called myeloid leukemia in Down syndrome (ML-DS). Defects in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and cytokines specifically released by the myeloid blasts are thought to be the main drivers of fibrosis in the bone marrow niche (BMN). To model the BMN of pediatric patients with AMKL in mice, we first established MSCs from pediatric patients with AMKL (n = 5) and ML-DS (n = 9). Healthy donor control MSCs (n = 6) were generated from unaffected children and adolescents ≤18 years of age. Steady-state analyses of the MSCs revealed that patient-derived MSCs exhibited decreased adipogenic differentiation potential and enrichment of proliferation-associated genes. Importantly, TGFB1 exposure in vitro promoted early profibrotic changes in all three MSC entities. To study BMF induction for longer periods of time, we created an in vivo humanized artificial BMN subcutaneously in immunodeficient NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice, using a mixture of MSCs, human umbilical vein endothelial cell, and Matrigel. Injection of AMKL blasts as producers of TGFB1 into this BMN after 8 weeks induced fibrosis grade I/II in a dose-dependent fashion over a time period of 4 weeks. Thus, our study developed a humanized mouse model that will be instrumental to specifically examine leukemogenesis and therapeutic targets for AMKL blasts in future.

Implications:
TGFB1 supports fibrosis induction in a pediatric AMKL model generated with patient-derived MSCs.

Visual Overview:
http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanres/18/10/1603/F1.large.jpg.
Nexilin Is Necessary for Maintaining the Transverse-Axial Tubular System in Adult Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Spinozzi Simone , Liu Canzhao , Chen Ze’e , Feng Wei , Zhang Lunfeng , Ouyang Kunfu , Evans Sylvia M. , Chen Ju 
Published: July 2020

Background:

NEXN (nexilin) is a protein of the junctional membrane complex required for development of cardiac T-tubules. Global and cardiomyocyte-specific loss of
Nexn
in mice leads to a rapidly progressive dilated cardiomyopathy and premature death. Therefore, little is known as to the role of NEXN in adult cardiomyocytes. Transverse-axial tubular system remodeling are well-known features in heart failure. Although NEXN is required during development for T-tubule formation, its role, if any, in mature T-tubules remains to be addressed.

Methods:

Nexn
inducible adult cardiomyocyte-specific KO mice were generated. Comprehensive morphological and functional analyses were performed. Heart samples (n>3) were analyzed by molecular, biochemical, and electron microscopy analyses. Isolated single adult cardiomyocytes were analyzed by confocal microscopy, and myocyte shortening/re-lengthening and Ca
2+
transient studies were conducted.

Results:

Inducible cardiomyocyte-specific loss of
Nexn
in adult mice resulted in a dilated cardiomyopathy with reduced cardiac function (13% reduction in percentage fractional shortening;
P
<0.05). In vivo and in vitro analyses of adult mouse heart samples revealed that NEXN was essential for optimal contraction and calcium handling and was required for maintenance of T-tubule network organization (transverse tubular component in
Nexn
inducible adult cardiomyocyte-specific KO mice reduced by 40% with respect to controls,
P
<0.05).

Conclusions:
Results here reported reveal NEXN to be a pivotal component of adult junctional membrane complexes required for maintenance of transverse-axial tubular architecture. These results demonstrate that NEXN plays an essential role in the adult cardiomyocyte and give further understanding of pathological mechanisms responsible for cardiomyopathy in patients carrying mutations in the NEXN gene.
COVID-19 and Decompressive Hemicraniectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Liang John W. , Reynolds Alexandra S. , Reilly Kaitlin , Lay Cappi , Kellner Christopher P. , Shigematsu Tomoyoshi , Gilligan Jeffrey , Majidi Shahram , Al-Mufti Fawaz , Bederson Joshua B. , Mocco J , Dhamoon Mandip S. , Dangayach Neha S. ,   on behalf of the Mount Sinai Stroke Investigators
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose:
Young patients with malignant cerebral edema have been shown to benefit from early decompressive hemicraniectomy. The impact of concomitant infection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and how this should weigh in on the decision for surgery is unclear.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed all COVID-19–positive patients admitted to the neuroscience intensive care unit for malignant edema monitoring. Patients with >50% of middle cerebral artery involvement on computed tomography imaging were considered at risk for malignant edema.

Results:
Seven patients were admitted for monitoring of whom 4 died. Cause of death was related to COVID-19 complications, and these were either seen both very early and several days into the intensive care unit course after the typical window of malignant cerebral swelling. Three cases underwent surgery, and 1 patient died postoperatively from cardiac failure. A good outcome was attained in the other 2 cases.

Conclusions:
COVID-19–positive patients with large hemispheric stroke can have a good outcome with decompressive hemicraniectomy. A positive test for COVID-19 should not be used in isolation to exclude patients from a potentially lifesaving procedure.
Molecular phylogeny and classification of Chelidurella Verhoeff, stat. restit. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae)
Authors: Kirstová Markéta , Kundrata Robin , Kočárek Petr 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present herein the first phylogenetic analysis of the genus Chelidura and the taxonomic revision of the genus Chelidurella, stat. restit., based on DNA sequences. The results confirm the generic status of Chelidurella Verhoeff, 1902 and Mesochelidura Verhoeff, 1902, and they are removed from the synonymy with Chelidura and reinstated as valid genera. Many individual Chelidurella species are defined based on the combination of a few variable characters on the pygidium and forceps, and the systematics and phylogeny of this genus are unclear. The validity of most of the species is revisited here by molecular phylogenetic analyses, and individual morphological characters are evaluated for their relevance in the identification of all described species. We describe two new species to science, Chelidurella galvagnii Kirstová & Kočárek, sp. nov. from Austria, and C. pseudovignai Kočárek & Kirstová, sp. nov. from Italy and Austria; two species, C. guentheri Galvagni, 1994 and C. tatrica Chládek, 2017 are newly synonymized. Critical diagnostic characters are illustrated, and an identification key for males of Chelidurella is provided.
The mental health of health care workers in Oman during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Badahdah Abdallah , Khamis Faryal , Al Mahyijari Nawal , Al Balushi Marwa , Al Hatmi Hashil , Al Salmi Issa , Albulushi Zakariya , Al Noomani Jaleela 
Published: July 2020

Background: COVID-19 disease is one of the most destructive events that humanity has witnessed in the 21st century. It has impacted all aspects of life and all segments of populations, including already vulnerable health care providers. Aims: This study sought to detect the prevalence of mental health issues in sample of physicians and nurses working in several health facilities in Oman. Method: We gauged the mental health conditions of 509 physicians (38.1%) and nurses (61.9 %) using the Perceived Stress Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and World Health Organization Well-Being Index. Results: The study revealed a high prevalence of stress, anxiety and poor psychological well-being, especially among females, young health care workers and those who interacted with known or suspected COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: The outcomes of this study support the handful of studies published during this global health crisis that have found that the mental health of health care workers has been harshly affected and predicted that it will continue, to various degrees, to be affected in the foreseeable future. The results of this study highlight the urgency of providing administrative and psychological support as well as current and accurate information on COVID-19 to health care workers.
Secondary Traumatization Outcomes and Associated Factors Among the Health Care Workers Exposed to the COVID-19
Authors: Arpacioglu Selim , Gurler Meltem , Cakiroglu Suleyman 
Published: July 2020

Background: Secondary traumatization exposure and mental health conditions of health care workers gained importance during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic period. Aims: In our study, we aim to research the secondary traumatization and associated factors among health care workers. Method: This cross-sectional study was applied through an online questionnaire using the snowball sampling method. Two hundred fifty-one health care workers from different units/services and 312 non-medical worker adults attended to the research. Health care workers were divided into two groups based on working with COVID-19 patients at the frontline or not. The data were collected via Introductory Information Form, Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS) and Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) between 22 May and 30 May 2020. Results: Among the 563 participants, 251 (44.6%) were health care workers and 312 (55.4%) were non-medical workers. The anxiety, depression and secondary traumatization scores of the frontline health care workers for the COVID-19 were found to be significantly higher than those of the other health workers or non-medical workers ( p < .001). Also, we found that being a woman, being in the first years of the work, living with a parent, having a chronic disease, having a trauma history and increased social media use are related to having higher scores from the secondary traumatization scale. Conclusion: The secondary traumatization exposure and the mental health conditions of the health care workers directly working with the COVID-19 patients should be taken into consideration. It is important to provide social support, examine and control riskier groups for mental health regularly during the pandemic.
A National Measurement Framework to Assess and Improve Sickle Cell Care in 4 US Regions
Authors: Faro Elissa Z. , Shook Lisa , Treadwell Marsha J. , King Allison A. , Whiteman Lauren N. , Ivy E. Donnell , Hulihan Mary , Kavanagh Patricia L. , Selk Sabrina , Oyeku Suzette , Berns Scott D. 
Published: July 2020

Objectives Coordinated measurement strategies are needed to inform collaborative approaches to improve access to and quality of care for persons with sickle cell disease (SCD). The objective of our study was to develop a multilevel measurement strategy to assess improvements in access to and quality of care for persons with SCD in 4 US regions. Methods From 2014 through 2017, regional grantees in the Sickle Cell Disease Treatment Demonstration Program collected administrative and patient-level electronic health record (EHR) data to assess quality improvement initiatives. Four grantees—covering 29 US states and territories and an SCD population of 56 720—used a collective impact model to organize their work. The grantees collected administrative data from state Medicaid and Medicaid managed care organizations (MCOs) at multiple points during 2014-2017 to assess improvements at the population level, and local patient-level data were abstracted from site-level EHRs at regular intervals to track improvements over time. Results Administrative data were an important source of understanding population-level improvements but were delayed, whereas patient-level data were more sensitive to small-scale quality improvements. Conclusions We established a shared measurement approach in partnership with Medicaid and Medicaid MCO stakeholders that can be leveraged to effectively support quality improvement initiatives for persons with SCD in the United States.