bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes of the Subchondroplasty Procedure for Treatment of Symptomatic Bone Marrow Lesions of the Knee
Authors: Cohen Steven B. , Hajnik Christopher , Loren Gregory L. , Akhavan Sam , DeMeo Patrick J. , Wyland Douglas J. , Youm Thomas , Jazrawi Laith M. , Daley Robert J. , Farr Jack , Reischling Patrick , Woodell-May Jennifer E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBone marrow lesions (BMLs) have a strong correlation to patient-reported pain, functional limitations, joint deterioration, and rapid progression to total knee arthroplasty. The Subchondroplasty (SCP) procedure uses AccuFill, a calcium phosphate bone substitute material (BSM), to treat bone defects such as microtrabecular fractures and BML. This observational, prospective, multicenter, cohort study evaluated the effect of the SCP procedure at the 2-year follow-up for 70 patients with knee BML. Under arthroscopic and fluoroscopic guidance, the BML was injected with AccuFill. Patient-reported outcomes, including Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), and modified Knee Society Score (mKSS) were collected through 24 months postoperatively. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed at baseline and up to 24 months postoperatively. Patient selection was not limited based on the degree of osteoarthritis (OA) as determined radiologically by the Kellgren–Lawrence (K-L) grade. For a subset of patients, patient-reported outcomes were collected up to 5 years including pain evaluation, patient knee global assessment, and satisfaction with the procedure. Preoperative radiographs indicated moderate to severe OA (K-L grades 2–4) in 65 patients (92.8%). Significant improvements (p < 0.0001) in mean VAS pain, IKDC, mKSS, and KOOS scores were observed compared with baseline. Kaplan–Meier survivorship free from conversion to knee arthroplasty was 76.2% at 2 years. The subset of patients followed for 5 years demonstrated low pain scores and high procedure satisfaction. This study presents statistically significant and clinically meaningful evidence of improvement in clinical outcomes following SCP for BMLs of the knee after 2 years. The survivorship rate from arthroplasty at 2 years was 76.2%. SCP for BMLs can relieve pain with a minimally invasive procedure and may delay the need for knee arthroplasty.
Registration NCT01621893 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
Level of Evidence Level II, Prospective Cohort Therapeutic Study.
Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Pathogens in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Çağan Appak Yeliz , Appak Özgür , Aksoy Betül , Emir Büşra , Sayiner Ayça Arzu , Baran Maşallah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objective Impaired gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa and immunosuppressant therapies increase the risk of secondary infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study evaluated the detection of pathogens in children with IBD using a gastrointestinal panel (GP). This is the first study to compare this method with clinical data from pediatric IBD patients.
Methods Children with newly diagnosed IBD or experiencing disease flares were included. Demographic data, clinical and laboratory findings, treatments, treatment durations, and disease activity were analyzed. Stool samples were assessed using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction with QIAstat-Dx GP®. Results were compared between groups.
Results Thirty-five patients with IBD were included in the study. Routine stool analyses detected rotavirus in one patient and Blastocystis hominis in another, while no microorganisms were identified in stool cultures. GP detected pathogenic microorganisms in 40% of patients, with a higher prevalence among those experiencing IBD flares (71.4%). Detected pathogens included Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile, and sapovirus. No significant statistical differences were found between positive and negative GP cases in terms of new/previous diagnosis, disease duration, clinical and laboratory findings, disease activity, and immunosuppressive treatment.
Conclusion In our study, pathogenic microorganisms that could not be detected by routine clinical tests in patients with IBD could be detected by the GP. Most positive cases occurred in previously diagnosed patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. Due to its high cost, GPs should be used selectively, and detected pathogens should be carefully evaluated for clinical relevance.
Hybrid Endovascular and Open Interventions for Aortic Disease
Authors: Hamilton Barbara C.S. , Fukuhara Shinichi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTraditional open surgical repair of aortic disease distal to the ascending aorta has long been associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Two specific anatomic locations of disease have proven especially challenging to manage; the transverse aortic arch and the thoracoabdominal aorta. Hybrid approaches have the potential to limit or even eliminate the need for cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermic circulatory arrest, thus carrying the promise of improved patient outcomes. This manuscript discusses the hybrid approach to aortic repair and recent advances made in this combined multidisciplinary approach used in these treatments.
The Overlooked Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Psychiatric Patients: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Implications for Clinical Care
Authors: Jacob Giris , Ocytil Yoab , Brenner Benjamin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPsychiatric patients face a significantly shorter life expectancy than the general population due to a complex interplay of medical, behavioral, and social factors. Venous thromboembolism (VTE), encompassing both pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis, is an underrecognized yet critical contributor to morbidity and mortality in this population. Evidence suggests a two to three times higher prevalence of VTE in psychiatric patients compared to the general population, with incidence rates up to 4.5 per 1,000 person-years. This elevated risk is attributed to a hypercoagulable-hypofibrinolytic state. It is influenced by metabolic abnormalities, pro-inflammatory pathways, antipsychotic medications, and genetic factors. Health care biases and reduced treatment compliance further exacerbate the burden. This review explores the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and mechanistic underpinnings of VTE in psychiatric populations, emphasizing the role of metabolic syndrome and antipsychotic therapy. To mitigate mortality and enhance outcomes for these high-risk individuals, it is imperative to address this issue through improved risk stratification and preventive strategies.
First-principles study of electron dynamics of MoS2 under femtosecond laser irradiation from deep ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths
Authors: Qi Huimin , Wang Jinshi , Xu Zongwei , Fang Fengzhou 
Published: December 2024

Time-dependent density functional theory was employed to investigate the electron dynamics of MoS2 following femtosecond pulse irradiation. The study concerned the effects of laser wavelength, intensities, and polarization and elucidated the ionization mechanisms across the intensity range of 1010–1014 W/cm2. As laser intensity increases, MoS2 irradiated with an infrared (IR) laser (800 nm) deviates from single-photon absorption at lower intensities compared to that subjected to an ultraviolet (UV) laser (266 nm), and nonlinear effects in the current arise at lower intensities for the 800 nm laser. At a wavelength of 266 nm, MoS2 irradiated with an a-axis polarized laser deposited more energy and generated more electron–hole pairs compared to c-axis polarization. Rate equations were used to estimate the total number of excited electrons in MoS2 and the corresponding plasma frequency. Simulation results indicate that the damage threshold of the UV laser is higher than that of the IR laser, which contradicts the experimental results. This outcome suggests that the mechanism of material damage induced by the UV femtosecond laser near the damage threshold is independent of optical breakdown. The findings of this research are significant for enhancing the performance of MoS2-based photodetectors and optimizing their stability and reliability in high-power, short-wavelength laser applications.
Characterisation and source apportionment of chemical components in fine particulate matter from atmosphere in two districts of Lanzhou City
Authors: Cui Qin , Sun Jianyun , Fan Yufang , Li Yongjun 
Published: December 2024

Environmental context Exploring the characterisation and sources of the chemical composition of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere is critical to human health. The main sources of PM2.5 in Lanzhou City are dust, secondary pollution, industry, biomass burning, traffic and coal combustion. In Chengguan District, dust sources are the most significant contributors, whereas secondary pollution sources are dominant in Xigu District. This provides directions and ideas for future local ecological environment management, especially air pollution. Rationale The characterisation and sources of the chemical composition of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere are of critical importance to the environment and human health. As the capital of Gansu Province with a population of more than 4 million people, and being one of important industrial cities in western China, it is of importance to study the characterisation and sources of atmospheric fine particulate matter chemical constituents in Lanzhou City. Methodology In this study, monitoring was carried out from January 2018 to June 2022 in Chengguan and Xigu Districts, and a total of 702 valid samples were collected. Measurements included PM2.5 mass concentrations, water-soluble ions, metals, metalloids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in both districts. Results The results showed that PM2.5 mass concentrations in both districts exhibited a decreasing trend throughout the study period, with seasonal variations characterised as high in winter and spring, and low in summer and autumn. The concentration of water-soluble ions follows the order of SO42− > NO3− > NH4+ > Cl−, with a seasonal distribution pattern of winter > autumn > spring > summer (P < 0.05). The concentrations of metals and metalloids were higher in Xigu District than in Chengguan District, following a seasonal pattern of spring > winter > autumn > summer (P < 0.05). PAHs concentrations were significantly higher in Chengguan District than in Xigu District (P < 0.05), with a seasonal pattern of being high in winter and low in summer (P < 0.05). Discussion The main sources of PM2.5 in Lanzhou City comes from dust, secondary pollution, industry, biomass burning, traffic and coal combustion. Dust sources were the most significant contributors in Chengguan District (37.6%), whereas secondary pollution sources were predominant in Xigu District (40.9%). This provides the latest research evidence exploring feasible pollution reduction pathways for Lanzhou to achieve cleaner skies. The results provide valuable insights and a scientific basis for the prevention and control of atmospheric PM2.5 pollution in Lanzhou City.
Integrating Genetic, Environmental, and Phenotypic Information in Within and Between Breed Evaluation of Livestock for Smallholder Farmers in the Tropics
Authors: Fasil Getachew Kebede , Tadelle Dessie , Cammy Beyts , Oswald Matika , Kellie Watson 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Well-designed genetic improvement interventions can enhance livestock productivity and address food insecurity in many African countries. MEPA offers a complementary strategy to traditional long-term genetic gain programmes based on selective breeding. In MEPA, candidate-improved breeds developed elsewhere can be evaluated for their productive (e.g., growth rate, egg numbers, milk yield) and adaptive (e.g., survival, feed efficiency, health, fertility, and longevity) performance in different environments before they are introduced at scale to smallholder farmers. In this case study, we report the findings of an MEPA study conducted in Ethiopia using analytical frameworks developed by plant breeders. We fitted additive main effects multiplicative interaction model (AMMI) and linear mixed-effects models (LMM) by incorporating genetic, environmental, and phenotypic information. The models identified two out of the five test breeds excelled in live body weight at 180-days-of-age (W180) and yield stability.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Efficiency optimization of spoke-shaped interior permanent magnet synchronous motor using FEA integrated Rao-algorithms and its thermal analysis
Authors: Naik Supriya , Bag Baidyanath , Chandrasekaran Kandasamy 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper focuses on the design of a spoke-shaped interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (S-IPMSM) with its efficiency and cost optimizations, which are suitable for low-power applications. The motor rating considered is 0.55 kW with an applied voltage of 220 V. Concerning constant output power, speed, phase current, and voltage excitation, this study focuses on improving electromagnetic torque by optimizing the design parameters of S-IPMSM. This analysis has been processed by using meta-heuristic Rao’s optimization algorithms (Rao-1, Rao-2, and Rao-3) and finite element method (FEM). Optimization of design parameters of stator and rotor parts of IPMSM has been achieved in MATLAB. Finite element (FE) models developed in the ANSYS platform have been used to validate the optimization method results and compared to ensure the accuracy of the algorithms. The differences among optimized models from the Rao series are considered for FE analysis, and its results are compared. Parameters like efficiency, airgap magnetic field density (Bair), electromagnetic torque (Tem), and magnetic flux density (B) under steady-state and transient conditions are observed and improved. Including these, the cost analysis of materials used for motor design is also analyzed, and comparative results are reported. As a result of FE models incorporating all parameters, improved motor performance has been observed. To better understand, the performance of three cases with different stator slot numbers (18, 24, 30) are considered in the study. It is observed that the models of Rao-1, Rao-2, and Rao-3 are competitive with each other. Additionally, a thermal analysis of IPMSM is performed to show the effective temperature distribution within the motor.
Investigating travelling wave solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli equation through the two analytical techniques
Authors: S M Yiasir Arafat , Asif M , S M Rayhanul Islam , Saklayen M A , Rahman M M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The wave phenomenon of the

2
+
1

-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli (BLMP) is an asset for investigating the dynamic behavior of waves in fluid dynamics, water wave mechanics, ocean engineering, and science. In this investigation, the object of the research is to explore abundant explicit traveling wave solutions for the

2
+
1

-dimensional BLMP equation. The new auxiliary equation (NAE) and unified techniques are applied to the

2
+
1

-dimensional BLMP equation and obtained plenty of analytical solutions, including trigonometric, hyperbolic, exponential, and rational function solutions. The attained results are stated in a few graphs in three-dimensional (3D), contour, and two-dimensional (2D) figures, where 2D figures also describe the effect of wave properties to help better understand the dynamic behaviors. Based on time, the influence of the free parameter on wave type is comprehensively investigated using various figures, demonstrating the significant impact of nonlinearity. These graphical representations are based on specific parameter values, which aid in understanding the model’s complex general behavior. However, this study’s findings are compared to those acquired in published literature conducted by other experts. The results show that the technique is successful and reliable, making it appropriate for general usage in a variety of sophisticated nonlinear models. Finally, these techniques are effectively generating novel explicit traveling wave solutions from the nonlinear evolution equations that have vital significance in applied science and engineering.
Remote information transfer between cavity-magnonics nodes
Authors: Chen Ya-Wen , Cheng Lü-Yun , Lin Si-Qi , Ye Sai-Yun , Zhong Zhi-Rong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a theoretical analysis of remote information transmission based on a cavity-magnon quantum system. We first investigate the dynamics of a two-site coupled-cavity model, where each cavity contains a magnon. Under the condition of large hopping between two cavities or large detuning between the magnon and cavity modes, the state transfer between two distant magnons could be achieved without exciting the cavity field modes. Optimal coherent state transfer is also demonstrated by carefully adjusting parameters to suppress the cavity excitations. Our model could be utilized as the building block for quantum network by extending to one-dimensional coupled cavity chains.
Study on a sodium-based broadband SPR dual-parameter sensor tuned with Ta2O5 thin films
Authors: Guo Pengxiao , Du Huijing , Li Jianshe , Li Shuguang , Li Hongwei , Yin Zhiyong , Li Yuxin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bandwidth is an important factor affecting the sensitivity of the sensor, and broadening the bandwidth can improve the sensitivity of the sensor. Figure of merit (FOM) is closely related to sensitivity and full width at half maximum (FWHM). High sensitivity and low FWHM sensor with high FOM and detection accuracy. Na has low intrinsic loss compared with Au or Ag, and Na film-based SPR sensor has narrower FWHM, better sensing performance than Au or Ag in the near infrared region, and wider bandwidth, which are the key factors for the sensor to have high precision and high sensitivity. Ta2O5 can make resonance peak redshift, broaden the bandwidth and improve the sensitivity of cascade two-parameter sensors. Combining the advantages of Na and Ta2O5, this paper proposes a surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor based on Na/Ta2O5 composite film, which has high sensitivity and FOM. Two polishing surfaces were introduced into the cladding by polishing, and the two polishing surfaces were coated with Na/Ta2O5 and Na/Ta2O5/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to measure the refractive index (RI) and temperature simultaneously. Based on the finite element method, the SPR optical fiber sensor is numerically studied and its structure is optimized. Under optimal geometry and film thickness. The maximum sensitivity of RI (1.30–1.41) is 12100 nm RIU−1, the maximum FOM is 1313.24 RIU−1. The maximum sensitivity of temperature (0–40 °C) is 16 nm °C−1, and the maximum FOM is 0.68 RIU−1. The change of structural parameters of the sensor does not affect the performance, which reduces the difficulty of manufacturing. This study provides the choice of non-precious metal composite film to improve the bandwidth and sensitivity of dual-parameter SPR sensor, expands the application of non-precious metal in biochemical and environmental detection fields.
Nickel oxide nanoflowers based resistive sensors for detecting methyl salicylate and linalool
Authors: Singh Rashmi , Kulkarni Saraswati , Ghosh Ruma 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Crop health monitoring is crucial for early detection of biotic stress, which can significantly impact crop yield and quality. This work reports detection of two volatile organic compounds (VOCs) - methyl salicylate and linalool which have promising utility in agriculture including indication of biotic stresses in crops. NiO nanoflowers were synthesized using a solvothermal method. The polycrystalline nature of the metal oxide was confirmed using X-ray diffractometer pattern and crystallite size was found to be 16.8 nm. The bandgap of the NiO nanoflowers were found to be 3.47 eV when using UV-Visible spectrometer. The morphology of the nanomaterial was confirmed using field emission scanning electron microscope. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller confirmed the surface area of NiO to be 39.6 m2 g−1. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the successful synthesis of nickel oxide (NiO) with distinct Ni 2p peaks at 855.5 eV and 873.3 eV, along with O 1s lattice oxygen at 529.6 eV. Satellite peaks at 861 eV and 879 eV further validate the Ni(II) oxidation state, indicating a well-defined crystalline structure. The NiO nanoflower was seen to exhibit temperature modulated dual selectivity as it exhibited the highest response to linalool at 300 °C whereas for methyl salicylate the optimum sensing temperature was found to be 250 °C. The response of NiO was found to be varying from 5.2–40% towards 5–40 ppm of linalool at 300 °C and between 2.5–13.5% towards 10–40 ppm of methyl salicylate at 250 °C. The response times and recovery times of the sensor varied from 260 s to 160 s and 170 s to 650 s, respectively for 5 to 40 ppm of linalool. For 10 to 40 ppm methyl salicylate, the response times and recovery times ranged from 280 s to 230 s and 220 s to 1203 s, respectively. The sensor was found to be highly selective towards linalool at 300 °C but the response of NiO was found to be comparable for both methyl salicylate and linalool at 250 °C. A simple algorithm based on steady state responses of the sensor at 250 and 300 °C could be developed for accurate prediction of both the VOCs.
Molecular dynamics study of melting initiation at tilt grain boundaries depending on their misorientation angle in aluminum
Authors: Poletaev Gennady , Rakitin Roman , Bebikhov Yuriy , Semenov Alexander 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The influence of the misorientation angle and the energy of tilt grain boundaries with misorientation axes

100

,

110

, and

111

on the melting temperature and the nature of the initiation of melting at the grain boundaries in aluminum with nanosized grains was studied using molecular dynamics simulation. It was shown that with heating at a constant rate, melting begins from the grain boundaries, where there is a violation of the crystal structure and, accordingly, the atoms are in shallower potential wells. In the case of high-angle boundaries, melting began simultaneously along the entire boundary, while for low-angle boundaries, it initiated at the cores of the grain boundary dislocations. In the range of small misorientation angles (less than 15°), the melting temperature of the modeled aluminum computational cell decreases almost linearly with increasing the misorientation angle; then, for high-angle boundaries, the decrease becomes less intense. These dependencies correlate with the energy of grain boundary formation or with the associated value of excess energy of the computational cell. It was shown that the melting temperature decreases linearly with the growth of excess energy, that is, the difference in the energies of the considered structure of the computational cell containing the grain boundary and the ideal crystal.