bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prospective technology of production of metal materials grains with extra high rate of solidification
Authors: Galkin E V , Zharov M V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper presents results of research of influence of extra high speeds of aluminum alloys grain solidification on the increase of mechanical strength characteristics of produced grains and semifinished products, which are made of grains by pressing. During the research it was determined that the most influential factor on metal grain and alloys solidification speed is the vapor film forming around the graining drop of liquid alloy. The vapor film forms due to transformation of the boundary layer into vapor state. The term ‘vapor barrier’ around graining object is implemented for the first time. The article offers the methods of removing the vapor barrier with an aim of a considerable increase of heat rejection intensity and, as a result, increase of grain solidification speed. It is determined that the only effective method of vapor barrier removal is a considerable increase of initial drop movement speed in the cooling liquid during the spinning of metal liquid alloy. The conducted experiment proved theoretical suppositions. The received semifinished products of grained aluminum alloys had a considerable upgrade of metal strength characteristics.
Design of mechanical properties of structural materials for power plant equipment
Authors: Stashenko V I , Skvorcov O B , Troickij O A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
External impulse action on structural materials allows changing their mechanical properties. Such changes occur primarily in the surface layer of the material. One of the simplest methods of such an effect is to apply electrical impulses to metallic materials. Many different hypotheses have been proposed to explain the processes involved. In this paper, experimental data are presented that show that such hypotheses do not satisfactorily explain the observed phenomena. The results obtained show that the description of processes in the surface layer of a metal under the influence of an electric pulse should take into account the observed phenomena. This is the influence of the polarity of the applied electrical signal, the wave characteristics of the generated damped oscillatory processes, the synchronization of such processes with the moments of the beginning of the leading and trailing edges of the applied electrical pulse, the linear nature of the dependence of the amplitude of the vibration response on the amplitude of the applied pulse. The indicated features are manifested both in the region of elastic and plastic deformations of the metal. Such phenomena are observed for samples in the presence of additional static loading, and without it. The need for an adequate understanding of the processes occurring in this case is necessary for the effective application of methods related to the effect of electric pulses on metals. Such solutions are widely used to control the properties of materials in the processing of metals using cutting, drawing, when performing electric-pulse welding and the creation of non-destructive testing at the stages of production, operation and repair of various industrial equipment.
Current state of studies of shock-wave action on the structure and properties of superconductors
Authors: Mikhailov B , Mikhailova A , Nikulin V , Silin P , Borovitskaya I , Peregudova E 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe article presents the results of the action of shock waves generated by the Plasma Focus setup on the structure and critical current Jc(B) of MgB2and Bi-2223-based superconductors. The structure of the tapes was studied in the transverse and longitudinal sections using different impact energy intensities (due to a change in the distance from the plasma anode from 20 to 50 mm for the same number of plasma pulses (n=5)). The studies showed the possibility of increasing the critical current (Jc) up to 50% in transverse and longitudinal magnetic fields to 2-3 T after plasma impact due to changes in the microstructure of the superconducting phase, including: grain refinement, interlayer compaction, microdeformations and crystal lattice defects allowing to increase the number of pinning centers of magnetic vortices.
Creation of ultrathin niobium nitride films at temperatures less than 100 °C
Authors: Goncharov B V , Gurovich B A , Prikhodko K E , Dementyeva M M , Stolyarov V L , Olshansky E D , Domantovsky A G , Kutuzov L V , Malieva E M , Cherepanov A A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Thin NbN films were synthesized by a method of magnetron sputtering of solid Nb targets by nitrogen ions at temperatures less than 100 °C on substrates of the sapphire. The dependences of electrical resistance of films on the temperature in range 4.2 K – 300 K were measured. Volt-ampere characteristics and critical current density vs film thickness of films were made at a temperature of 4.2 K. The microstructure and film-depth chemical composition of thin films were investigated by analytical methods of the transmission electronic microscopy (HRTEM, EELS) on a cross-section samples made by the FIB technique. HRTEM and EELS study showed the Nb0.84N phase and poly-crystal structure of niobium nitride films. It was found that the critical current density falls down by an order of magnitude when the film thickness was less than 4 nanometers.
Molecular static simulation of edge dislocation core in bcc iron
Authors: Gusev A A , Nazarov A V 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We simulate the dislocation core structure in bcc iron using the modified Molecular Static method. A feature of this method is the application of an iterative procedure in which the atomic structure in the vicinity of the defect and the constants that determine the displacements of atoms immersed in the elastic continuum are calculated in a self-consistent manner. Following the mentioned approach, we develop a model for calculating the atomic structure of edge dislocations, taking into account the anisotropy of the elastic medium surrounding the main calculation cell. Anisotropy is taken into account by introducing an explicit angular dependence for the parameters of the elastic field created by the dislocation: magnitude of Burgers vector and Poisson’s ratio. Simulation is carried out for a split dislocation with Burgers vector along [100]. The convergence of the iterative algorithm is shown and the influence of the computational cell size on the results is considered. Calculated results are: atomic structure of dislocation in bcc iron, angular dependence of the parameters describing the elastic dislocation field at large distances from the dislocation line, and the strain tensor components in the entire simulation area.
Effect of Fresh Spices on the Fermentation, Colonization of Lactic acid Bacteria and Sensory Acceptability of Fermented Clams (Mercenaria mercenaria)
Authors: Ibrahim Roshita , Muhammad Shukri Nur Shahirah , Hasnoel Mazidi Mazlin Nur Iman 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Fermentation is one of the common methods used for food preservation in South-Eastern Asia. However, the fermented food products were not well accepted especially by young generations due to its unique taste and distinct aroma. In this study, clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) had been used to investigate the effect of different fresh spices on the fermentation process, colonization of microflora of lactic acid bacteria and sensory acceptability. The clams were fermented for 8 days with addition of different fresh spices such as garlic, ginger and lemongrass. Fermented clam without any addition of fresh spices was served as control The effects on fermentation were analysed in terms of physico-chemical changes such as pH, color and texture. The colonization of lactic acid bacteria were observed on the De Man, Ragosa and Sharpe (MRS), M17 and tomato juice agar. The sensory acceptability of fermented clams with addition of fresh spices were also carried out. The changes of physico-chemical of all parameters were decreased over fermentation period. The CFU of lactic acid bacteria by using MRS, M17 and tomato juice agar were increased for all different fresh spices over fermentation period. Sensory evaluation showed that fermented clam with the addition of lemongrass had the highest acceptability score in terms of aroma, color, taste, texture and overall acceptability.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation on Mixing in T-Shaped Micromixer
Authors: Ahmad Termizi S N A , Khor C Y , Nawi M A M , Ahmad Nurlela , Ishak Muhammad Ikman , Rosli M U , Jamalludin Mohd Riduan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation used to analyse the fluid mixing in micromixer. There are two cases of miscible liquids that involved within T-shaped micromixer which are ethanol-water and glycerol-water. The T-shaped micromixer consist of micro channel with two inlets channels and one outlet channel was constructed by using AutoCAD software. The effect of inlet velocity and width size toward mixing intensity were investigated. The mixing intensity values determine either good or bad mixing quality could be achieved. In this simulation, at low inlet velocity indicates good mixing quality as the mixing intensity value approaching to one. Whereas the effect of width size on mixing intensity are almost similar throughout simulated width sizes. Mixing intensity for the two cases of diffusion coefficient showed similar trend for different inlet velocity and width size of mixing channel.
Surface Morphology Study on Unclean, Commercial and Bromelain treated Edible Bird Nest (EBN) using Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: Tai S K , Hamzah Z , Ng Q H , Tan C S 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEdible Bird Nest (EBN) is a bird made product and its one of the most expensive animal products consumed by human nowadays due to high nutritional values and medicinal properties. Market processed EBN found the presence of mites, fungal spores and feather strands using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mite was the common cause of anaphylaxis. Indeed, mite are heat resistant and thus can elicit allergic reaction even the food has been cooked. Therefore, the enzyme technology is applied in the current study on EBN to remove most of the pathogen. The results obtained in this study were attributable to the fact that enzyme treatment EBN is added value product and safer for human consumption as compared to that of the market processed EBN.
Screening of macromolecular cross-linkers and food-grade additives for enhancement of catalytic performance of MNP-CLEA-lipase of hevea brasiliensis
Authors: Aziz Al Safi Nur Amalin Ab , Yusof Faridah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Skim latex from Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) consist of many useful proteins and enzymes that can be utilized to produce value added products for industrial purposes. Lipase recovered from skim latex serum was immobilized via cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) technology, while supported by magnetic nanoparticles for properties enhancement, termed ‘Magnetic Nanoparticles CLEA-lipase’ (MNP-CLEA-lipase). MNP-CLEA-lipase was prepared by chemical cross-linking of enzyme aggregates with amino functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. Instead of using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent, green, non-toxic and renewable macromolecular cross-linkers (dextran, chitosan, gum Arabic and pectin) were screened and the best alternative based on highest residual activity was chosen for further analysis. Same goes for additives; the traditional use of expensive BSA was replaced with low cost, food grade additives (egg protein, soy protein and milk protein). The optimum condition parameters such as concentration of cross-linker, concentration of additive and concentration of precipitant were determined using one factor at a time (OFAT) method and structural analysis was done by FTIR. The screening results showed that pectin was the best cross-linker (118 % residual activity) and soy protein was the best additive (129 % residual activity) for MNP-CLEA-lipase with optimum conditions of 180 mg/ml pectin, 0.6 % w/v soy protein and 80 % saturation ammonium sulphate. FTIR of MNP-CLEA-lipase showed an Amide I and Amide V bands which originated from silanized magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) and a new band, Amide II was formed prior to the successful CLEA immobilization of lipase enzyme with MNPs.
Properties of Tilapia Collagen as a Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering: A Review
Authors: Zain Norhidayu Muhamad , Saidin Syafiqah , Sosiawan Agung 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCollagen is one of the common biopolymers used as a biomaterial in tissue engineering applications due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability properties. Collagen derived from various sources and mostly found in porcine and bovine skin. However, due to religious concerns and the dangers of animal-borne diseases possesses by these mammalian derived collagens, marine collagens are extensively investigated as an alternative to substitute mammalian collagens in tissue engineering applications. Among those marine collagens, tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) collagens are known to have a great potential to be used as biomaterials for tissue engineering application due to its higher thermal stability compared to other marine sources. Therefore, this study aims to review chemical and biological properties of tilapia collagen as a biomaterial for tissue engineering applications. The contents are mainly focused on the extraction yield, amino acid composition, thermal stability, cross-linking, biocompatibility, biodegradability, immunogenicity and hemostasis of tilapia collagen.
Effect of initial moisture content on physical properties of Orthosiphon stamineus ground powder during storage
Authors: Razak N A , Rahim N A S A , Shaari A R , Leng L Y 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Initial moisture content of ground powder is very important factor in maintaining the physical quality of the product during storage. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of initial moisture content of Orthosiphon stamineus ground powder on physical properties such as moisture content, water activity and colour properties during short term storage period. In this research, the experimental treatments were arranged in a completed randomized design (CRD) that consisted of two main factors which were initial moisture content (8, 13 and 20 %) and storage period (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks). The changes of moisture content, water activity and colour properties were analyzed using moisture analyzer, water activity meter and chroma meter, respectively. From the results, it was revealed that the best initial moisture content to maintain the quality of O. stamineus ground powder was 13 %. At early of storage period, moisture content and water activity were slightly reduced and they started to stable at week 8 to 10. The consistency of moisture content and water activity is expected to last for the next 6 months under same storage condition. However, it could be observed that the colour of O. staminus ground powder was slightly affected during short term storage.
In vitro biodegradation evaluation of linear low density polyethylene embedded with TiO2/ZnO couple oxides
Authors: Harun Nor Hazliana , Mydin Rabiatul Basria S. M. N. , Sreekantan Srimala , Saharuddin Khairul Arifah , Seeni Azman 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In vitro biodegradation of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) nanocomposite embedded with TiO2/ZnO (1:3) coupled oxides was studied by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain in minimal broth (M9) in two different culture systems. A biodegradation effect characterized by low weight loss of LLDPE/TiO2/ZnO nanocomposites thin films (0.99%) with glucose as additional nutrient and (0.65%) weight reduction for nanocomposites thin films being immersed in M9 culture system without glucose was observed within 30 days. Bare LLDPE polymer (without addition of photocatalyst) did also having weight reduction for (0.54%). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) micrographs of pre-treated LLDPE nanocomposites thin films showed enhancement in surface deformation with formation of holes, wrinkles and rough surfaces after being immersed in M9 solution. Untreated LLDPE nanocomposites thin films had appearance of smooth surface with less defects. This study indicated the influence of TiO2/ZnO couple oxides and glucose to boost the in vitro biodegradation of LLDPE nanocomposites thin films. Further research is needed to study the biodegradation process of LLDPE nanocomposites thin films in prolonged time.
Deep Eutectic Solvent for extraction of natural antioxidant from a medicinal plant, Coleus aromaticus
Authors: Nagoor Gunny Ahmad Anas , Xiang Tay Wee , Che Mat Mohd Hishamuddin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Antioxidant is a basic requirement for maintaining good health. In this research, natural antioxidant was extracted from C. aromaticus by using different types of synthesized deep eutectic solvents (DES). The extracts were analysed using total phenolic content assay and DPPH radical scavenging assay. Finally, HPLC and FTIR methods were employed to check the present of target compounds. From the result obtained, the best DES was ChCl : glycerol with a ratio of 1:4 bearing 97.25 µg/ml of total phenolic content. The bioactive compounds that were successfully identified through HPLC and FTIR assays were Rosmarinic acid, Caffeic acid, Gallic acid and Quercetin. This shows DES is a potential green solvent to extract bioactive compounds present in medicinal plants.
Evaluation of various lignocellulosic biomass and cereal grains as potential spawn materials for wild Schizophyllum commune cultivation
Authors: Mohd Hassan Siti Aminah Binti , Sam S T , Zakaria N Z I , Aziz N A , Zakaria Z , Nurfatirah N , Azhar M 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Rapid mycelium growth in spawn production and on growth substrate could suppress contamination, which is significant in mushroom industry. The aim of the study is to investigate the potential of lignocellulosic biomass waste as new materials alternative to common cereal grains in producing spawn for wild S. commune cultivation on rice husk, paddy straw, and rubber wood sawdust. The fastest mycelium growth among lignocellulosic biomass was found on rice husk spawn (1.27 cm/day) and 1.98 cm/day for wheat grain. The shortest duration for substrate colonization for both lignocellulosic and grain spawn is on paddy straw, followed by rice husk, and rubber wood sawdust.
Moisture Adsorption Isotherm of Dried Cassia alata Herbal Leaves at Different Temperatures
Authors: Jolkili M , Shaari A R , Razak N A 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Moisture adsorption isotherm study of dried Cassia alata was evaluated in this work. Adsorption isotherm of dried C. alata was determined at three different temperatures (10, 30 and 40 °C) and at six levels of relative humidity (ranging from 23 to 87%) using a gravimetric technique. The sorption isotherms were found to be typical type II sigmoid. The experimental data obtained was fitted to several mathematical models viz. two-parameter (BET, Oswin, Smith, Caurie, and Iglesias and Chirife), and three-parameter (GAB) relationships. Standard statistical procedures were applied to deduce percent error (P), root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of relation (r2). In terms of the mean absolute percentage error (P) of the fits, those with less than 10% error can be considered acceptable and an r2 of >0.98 may also indicate a good fit. The Peleg followed by Iglesias and Chirife model were found to best fit the experimental data.
The Optimization of Protease Enzyme Extraction From Streblus Asper (Kesinai)
Authors: Seow Yen Yi , Abdullah Rozaini , Lee Yen Fong , Zakaria Zarina , Hassan Huzairy , Syed Zuber Sharifah Zati Hanani , Mohd Ruslan Mahfuz Affif 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Protease from Streblus asper (Kesinai) is an interesting rennet substitute and yet very few studies had been conducted so far. In the present study, the leaf extract of Kesinai had been discovered to investigate the ability of this milk coagulating enzyme. The development of the optimized conditions for enzyme extraction was analyzed by using Central Composite Design (CCD). The studied factors were ratio of sample to buffer, weight of sample (g) and homogenization time (min). It was found that a 30 g of S. asper leaves sample with the ratio of the sample to buffer of 1:1 and at a mixing rate of 2 minutes established the most desirable conditions for serine proteases extraction from the S. asper leaves sample.
Aerobic granules cultivated using industrial rubber wastewater: Effect of size distribution and Performance of granules.
Authors: Rashid N A , Abdul Rani A L , Omar M F , Abdullah M A H 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Sequential batch reactors (SBR) have been successfully developed granular sludge using industrial rubber wastewater on a cylindrical shaped SBR. SBR was introduced to industrial wastewater with varying chemical oxygen demand (COD) loadings from as low as 0.01 to 0.28 kgCOD/m3/d. First phase of experiment utilized 24 hours cycle time whilst second phase of experiment utilized 4 hours cycle time. Granules were successfully developed at the second phase (4 hours) of experiment. Fortunately, the overall performance for both cycles were excellent. COD removal efficiency throughout the experiment was kept at about 78 % to 98 %. Although higher COD removal was observed for both cycle, granulation did not occur in the first phase (24 hours). Decrement of cycling time to 4 hours promotes the growth of dense and structured sludge granules.
Strength Characteristics of Pond Ash – Hydrated Lime Admixture Treated Peat Soil
Authors: Yusof Zeety Md. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPeat soil is identified as unsuitable soil to support the structure’s foundation in original condition because it has the characteristics that make it fail when the excessive settlement occurred. It will give the effect of the building conditions because the substructure foundation building not safe to use for a long immersion period. Therefore, this study is to increase the strength of peat soil characteristics in an effective way using a low-cost budget. Each variant of 3, 6 and 9% of hydrated lime (HL) were mixed with 5% of pond ash (PA), at which PA is constant. Meanwhile, each variant of the 10 and 15% of PA was mixed with 3% of HL and tested in different soaking time (0, 3 and 7 days). The strength of the sample increases when the percentage of PA and HL increase during soaking time. 15% of PA sample shows the strength increased to the range of 16% at a 7 - day soaking time compares to the natural peat soil. Meanwhile, the 9% of HL sample also shows the strength was achieved in the range of 32% in 7-day soaking time. It was analyzed that the PA and HL addition increase the strength of original peat soil.