bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of SCB01A, a Microtubule Inhibitor with Vascular Disrupting Activity, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Shiah Her-Shyong , Chiang Nai-Jung , Lin Chia-Chi , Yen Chia-Jui , Tsai Hui-Jen , Wu Shang-Yin , Su Wu-Chou , Chang Kwang-Yu , Wang Ching-Chiung , Chang Jang-Yang , Chen Li-Tzong 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Lessons Learned
SCB01A is a novel microtubule inhibitor with vascular disrupting activity. This first-in-human study demonstrated SCB01A safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor activity. SCB01A is safe and well tolerated in patients with advanced solid malignancies with manageable neurotoxicity.

Background
SCB01A, a novel microtubule inhibitor, has vascular disrupting activity.

Methods
In this phase I dose-escalation and extension study, patients with advanced solid tumors were administered intravenous SCB01A infusions for 3 hours once every 21 days. Rapid titration and a 3 + 3 design escalated the dose from 2 mg/m2 to the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) based on dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). SCB01A-induced cellular neurotoxicity was evaluated in dorsal root ganglion cells. The primary endpoint was MTD. Safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and tumor response were secondary endpoints.

Results
Treatment-related adverse events included anemia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, fever, and peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy. DLTs included grade 4 elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in the 4 mg/m2 cohort; grade 3 gastric hemorrhage in the 6.5 mg/m2 cohort; grade 2 thromboembolic event in the 24 mg/m2 cohort; and grade 3 peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy, grade 3 elevated aspartate aminotransferase, and grade 3 hypertension in the 32 mg/m2 cohort. The MTD was 24 mg/m2, and average half-life was ~2.5 hours. The area under the curve-dose response relationship was linear. Nineteen subjects were stable after two cycles. The longest treatment lasted 24 cycles. SCB01A-induced neurotoxicity was reversible in vitro.

Conclusion
The MTD of SCB01A was 24 mg/m2 every 21 days; it is safe and tolerable in patients with solid tumors.
Not all acid sites are created equal: Alkene isomerization and dimerization occur on separate sites on Amberlyst®15 catalyst
Authors: Gee Jeffrey C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLinear 1‐alkenes undergo concurrent dimerization and double bond isomerization on the solid acid catalyst Amberlyst®15. Kinetic data show that double bond isomerization occurs on a site where the alkene adsorption coefficient is small, whereas alkene dimerization occurs on a site where the alkene adsorption coefficient is large. The fraction of isomerization sites occupied by alkene is small, whereas the dimerization sites are practically saturated with alkene. Logically, two different types of acid sites must exist on the surface of Amberlyst®15 catalyst. On the dimerization sites, substantial skeletal rearrangement occurs, likely via rapidly isomerizing carbenium ions, π‐complexes, and/or protonated cyclopropyl intermediates.
Flower‐Like Morphology of Naphthalene Diimides Containing tetra‐L‐ and D‐Alanine
Authors: Shaikh Dada B. , More Kerba S. , Kobaisi Mohammad Al , La Duong Duc , Bhosale Sidhanath V. , Bhosale Sheshanath V. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwo structural isomers of naphthalene diimide (NDI) chromophores NDI‐3 and NDI‐4, which are NDI imide position functionalised with four L‐/D‐alanine subunits. Density functional theory calculations revel that HOMO molecular orbital is localized on N‐phenyl substituent and LUMO on NDI core. Further, the UV‐vis, fluorescence measurements show that both the derivatives i. e. NDI‐3 and NDI‐4 exhibit changes in optical and photophysical properties with the addition of non‐polar i. e. methylcyclohexane in chloroform as well as water in tetrahydrofuran. From these results, it is clear that the structural isomers NDI‐3 and NDI‐4 shows a significant solvatochromic effect, which ascribed to the aggregation effect via π‐π stacking of NDI core along with hydrogen‐bonding between alanine side chains. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and polarized optical microscopy images clearly demonstrate formation of flower like morphology in THF:H2O and fiber nanostructure in CHCl3:MCH for both NDI‐3 and NDI‐4. Interestingly, only NDI‐4 in CHCl3:MCH (4 : 6, v/v) solvent mixture produces rose‐like flower microstructures.
Elucidation of Thermal Degradation Model for Low and High Density Polyethylene by Statistical Parameters
Authors: Iyer Kartik S , Balsora Hemant K , Dixit Shubham D , Sharma Abhishek , Sonar Prashant , Doherty William O. S. , Chakinala Anand G. , Joshi Jyeshtharaj B. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSolid state decomposition studies of Low and High Density Polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE) have been carried out in the present work. Thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA) is utilized to determine the degradation kinetics for pure plastic samples at different heating rates. The distribution of activation energy values and rates estimated using various Iso‐conversional methods have been selected on basis of correlation coefficients. For LDPE, isoconversional method of Friedman and for HDPE Flynn Wall Ozawa methods are used to estimate the distribution of activation energies having their mean values as 256.5 and 257.2 kJ/mol respectively. The inputs from Isoconversional methods are used to determine decomposition behavior with Criado method. Model based studies performed with Criado method identifies the solid‐state degradation follows contracting volume‐sphere (R3) model based on lower statistical parameter values. The identified decomposition model is validated by Coats Redfern method which also results in lower statistical parameter values. This is further validated through a best fit of extent of reaction profile against temperature, substantiating the solid‐state decomposition model followed by given plastic fractions.
The Hydrogenation Problem in Cobalt‐based Catalytic Hydroaminomethylation
Authors: de Bruijn Hans M. , Fonseca Guerra Célia , Bouwman Elisabeth , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe hydroaminomethylation (HAM) reaction converts alkenes into N‐alkylated amines and has been well studied for rhodium‐ and ruthenium‐based catalytic systems. Cobalt‐based catalytic systems are able to perform the essential hydroformylation reaction, but are also known to form very active hydrogenation catalysts, therefore we examined such a system for its potential use in the HAM reaction. Thus, we have quantum‐chemically explored the hydrogenation activity of [HCo(CO)3] in model reactions with ethene, methyleneamine, formaldehyde, and vinylamine using dispersion‐corrected relativistic density functional theory at ZORA‐BLYP‐D3(BJ)/TZ2P. Our computations reveal essentially identical overall barriers for the catalytic hydrogenation of ethene, formaldehyde, and vinylamine. This strongly suggests that a cobalt‐based catalytic system will lack hydrogenation selectivity in experimental HAM reactions. Our HAM experiments with a cobalt‐based catalytic system (consisting of Co2(CO)8 as cobalt source and P(n‐Bu)3 as ligand) resulted in the formation of the desired N‐alkylated amine. However, significant amounts of hydrogenated starting material as well as alcohol (hydrogenated aldehyde) were always formed. The use of cobalt‐based catalysts in the HAM reaction to selectively form N‐alkylated amines seems therefore not feasible. This confirms our computational prediction and highlights the usefulness of state‐of‐the‐art DFT computations for guiding future experiments.
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition (Potential Anti‐Alzheimer Effects) by Aminobenzoic Acid Derivatives: Synthesis, in Vitro and in Silico Evaluation
Authors: Altamirano‐Espino José A. , Sánchez‐Labastida Luis A. , Martínez‐Archundia Marlet , Andrade‐Jorge Erik , Trujillo‐Ferrara José G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition that decreases cognitive function. Thus, intense research efforts have focused on developing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors with less side effects. The aim of this study was to synthesize aminobenzoic acid derivatives and test their AChE inhibitory capacity in silico and in vitro. Ten electron‐poor aminobenzoic acid derivatives were synthesized in good‐high yields. Their interaction with EeAChE, according to docking simulations, is mainly mediated by the aromatic ring of the ligands and the catalytic triad of the receptor (π‐π interactions). The in vitro evaluation revealed mixed inhibition (mostly competitive) in all cases. The structural analysis showed better Ki values for heterocyclic than linear compounds and with the presence of two carboxylic groups attached. 5‐Aminoisophthalic acid (AIPA_3, KI=73 μM) showed the lowest KI of all compounds. The electron‐poor aromatic ring of the test compounds is recognized by the electron‐rich peripheric and catalytic binding sites of AChE. AIPA_3, with the best properties, is a promising lead compound for developing new AChE inhibitors.
Evaluation of Ethylated Phenylcarbamoylazinane‐1,2,4‐Triazole Amides Derivatives as 15‐Lipoxygenase Inhibitors Together with Cytotoxic, ADME and Molecular Modeling Studies
Authors: Muzaffar Saima , Shahid Wardah , Saleem Muhammad , Ashraf Muhammad , Aziz‐ur‐Rehman  , Bashir Bushra , Ali Mudassar , Al‐Rashida Mariya , Baral Bikash , Bhattarai Keshab , Riaz Naheed 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSearching the organic compound as anti‐inflammatory agent is a fruitful effort to treat inflammatory disorders such as asthma, arthritis, psoriasis, and especially cancer. These disorders can be cured by lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors, which have the ability to stop the development and progression of inflammation. The present research described the synthesis of fifteen new N‐alkyl/aralkyl/aryl derivatives (7 a–o) of 2‐(4‐ethyl‐5‐(1‐phenylcarbamoyl)piperidine‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐ylthio)acetamide by the continuous conversions of ethyl piperidine‐4‐carboxylate (a) into phenylcarbamoyl derivative (1) hydrazide (2), semicarbazide (3) and finally the N‐ethylated 5‐(1‐phenylcarbamoyl)piperidine‐1,2,4‐triazole (4). The target molecules (7 a–o) were formed by the reaction of 4 with various electrophiles (6 a–o), in methanolic potassium hydroxide. These synthetic analogues were characterized by FTIR, 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy, EIMS, and HREIMS spectrometry. The compounds 7 a–o were screened for their inhibitory potential against 15‐lipoxygenase. Compounds 7 b, 7 e, 7 c and 7 g displayed the potent inhibitory potential (IC50 17.52±0.67, 35.61±0.81, 36.24±0.83 & 36.52±0.58 μM, respectively), whereas, moderate inhibition was shown by 7 h, 7 a, 7 d with IC50 values between 42.95±0.73 to 45.67±0.75 μM, respectively. Some compounds exhibited drug‐like characteristics due to their lower cytotoxic and good ADME profiles and supported by molecular modeling studies where one of the NH groups was found engaged through hydrogen bonding with Ala672. The carbonyl group amide and Asn554 were connected by a hydrogen bond, whereas the second NH group was also linked through hydrogen bonds with Gln363.
Understanding the relation between repeat developer interactions and bug resolution times in large open source ecosystems: A multisystem study
Authors: Datta Subhajit , Roychoudhuri Reshma , Majumder Subhashis 
Published: November 2020

AbstractLarge‐scale software systems are being increasingly built by distributed teams of developers who interact across geographies and time zones. Ensuring smooth knowledge transfer and the percolation of skills within and across such teams remain key challenges for organizations. Towards addressing this challenge, organizations often grapple with questions around whether and how repeat collaborations between members of a team relate to outcomes of important activities. In the context of this paper, the word ‘repeat interaction’ does not imply a greater number of interactions; it refers to repeat interaction between a pair of developers who have collaborated before. In this paper, we empirically examine such a question using real‐world data from three diverse development ecosystems, collectively involving 400,000+ units of work and 600,000+ comments exchanged between numerous developers. Our statistical models consistently establish a counter‐intuitive relation between repeat developer interaction and bug resolution times. Our experimental results show that more instances of repeat developer interactions over bug fixing are associated with more time taken for the bugs to be fixed. Given the expanse and variety of the underlying data, our results offer an unexpected set of insights on a key dynamic of collaboration in software development ecosystems. We discuss how these insights can influence the practice of large‐scale software development at individual, team and organizational levels.
Strongly oversized fission yeast cells lack any size control and tend to grow linearly rather than bilinearly
Authors: Nagy Zsófia , Medgyes‐Horváth Anna , Vörös Eszter , Sveiczer Ákos 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDuring the mitotic cycle, the rod‐shaped fission yeast cells grow only at their tips. The newly born cells grow first unipolarly at their old end, but later in the cycle, the ‘new end take‐off’ event occurs, resulting in bipolar growth. Photographs were taken of several steady‐state and induction synchronous cultures of different cell cycle mutants of fission yeast, generally larger than wild type. Length measurements of many individual cells were performed from birth to division. For all the measured growth patterns, three different functions (linear, bilinear and exponential) were fitted, and the most adequate one was chosen by using specific statistical criteria, considering the altering parameter numbers. Although the growth patterns were heterogeneous in all the cultures studied, we could find some tendencies. In cultures with sufficiently wide size distribution, cells large enough at birth tend to grow linearly, whereas the other cells generally tend to grow bilinearly. We have found that among bilinearly growing cells, the larger they are at birth, the rate change point during their bilinear pattern occurs earlier in the cycle. This shifting near to the beginning of the cycle might finally cause a linear pattern, if the cells are even larger. In all of the steady‐state cultures studied, a size control mechanism operates to maintain homeostasis. By contrast, strongly oversized cells of induction synchronous cultures lack any sizer, and their cycle rather behaves like an adder. We could determine the critical cell size for both the G1 and G2 size controls, where these mechanisms become cryptic.TAKE AWAYMost individual fission yeast cells in steady‐state cultures grow bilinearly.In strongly oversized fission yeast cells, linear growth dominates over bilinear.Above birth length thresholds, both the G1 and G2 size controls become cryptic.
Antiracist Feminism and the Politics of Solidarity in Neoliberal Times
Authors: Keskinen Suvi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This chapter analyses the establishment and expansion of antiracist feminism in the last decade throughout the Nordic region, with new groups, media sites, and public events organised, especially in the large cities. I examine antiracist feminist and queer of colour activism in which the main or sole actors belong to groups racialised as non-white or “others” in Nordic societies. A fundamental argument developed in the chapter is the central role and potential of these emerging social movements to reconfigure political agendas and tackling of pressing societal issues, due to their capacity to overlap and connect the borders of antiracist, feminist, and (to some extent) class-based politics. The chapter further argues for the usefulness of theorising the neoliberal turn of racial capitalism as the societal condition in which feminist activism takes place.
“And They Cannot Teach Us How to Cycle”: The Category of Migrant Women and Antiracist Feminism in Sweden
Authors: Mulinari Diana 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to provide some analytical elements to understand both continuity and change in the construction of the category of migrant women in Sweden, with specific focus on the interaction between the field of cultural representation and the field of political economy. Theoretically, the analysis is framed through two dimensions of racism, exploitative and exclusionary, legitimated in recent decades through a racist grammar of caring racism. Methodologically, the chapter is inspired by Black /Chicano feminist tradition of intellectual activism, accepting the dilemmas of “taking sides”. It is crafted using two types of empirical material. First, it follows the category of migrant women exploring how antiracist identified feminists; many of them of migrant background aged between 25 and 30 act upon the category. Critical discourse analysis is the source of inspiration for the second section of the chapter that further elaborates on the construction of migrant women as a problem, a burden and a threat in Swedish governmental policy documents over four decades.
Relativistic partial waves for celestial amplitudes
Authors: Law Y.T. Albert , Zlotnikov Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The formalism of relativistic partial wave expansion is developed for four-point celestial amplitudes of massless external particles. In particular, relativistic partial waves are found as eigenfunctions to the product representation of celestial Poincaré Casimir operators with appropriate eigenvalues. The requirement of hermiticity of Casimir operators is used to fix the corresponding integral inner product, and orthogonality of the obtained relativistic partial waves is verified explicitly. The completeness relation, as well as the relativistic partial wave expansion follow. Example celestial amplitudes of scalars, gluons, gravitons and open superstring gluons are expanded on the basis of relativistic partial waves for demonstration. A connection with the formulation of relativistic partial waves in the bulk of Minkowski space is made in appendices.
Variable Step Mollifiers and Applications
Authors: Hintermüller Michael , Papafitsoros Kostas , Rautenberg Carlos N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe consider a mollifying operator with variable step that, in contrast to the standard mollification, is able to preserve the boundary values of functions. We prove boundedness of the operator in all basic Lebesgue, Sobolev and BV spaces as well as corresponding approximation results. The results are then applied to extend recently developed theory concerning the density of convex intersections.
Revisiting the formalism of equivalent uniform dose based on the linear-quadratic and universal survival curve models in high-dose stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: Chan Mark Ka Heng , Chiang Chi-Leung 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To examine the equivalent uniform dose (EUD) formalism using the universal survival curve (USC) applicable to high-dose stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).

Materials and methods
For nine non-small-cell carcinoma cell (NSCLC) lines, the linear-quadratic (LQ) and USC models were used to calculate the EUD of a set of hypothetical two-compartment tumor dose–volume histogram (DVH) models. The dose was varied by ±5%, ±10%, and ±20% about the prescription dose (60 Gy/3 fractions) to the first compartment, with fraction volume varying from 1% and 5% to 30%. Clinical DVHs of 21 SBRT treatments of NSCLC prescribed to the 70–83% isodose lines were also considered. The EUD of non-standard SBRT dose fractionation (EUDSBRT) was further converted to standard fractionation of 2 Gy (EUDCFRT) using the LQ and USC models to facilitate comparisons between different SBRT dose fractionations. Tumor control probability (TCP) was then estimated from the LQ- and USC-EUDCFRT.

Results
For non-standard SBRT fractionation, the deviation of the USC- from the LQ-EUDSBRT is largely limited to 5% in the presence of dose variation up to ±20% to fractional tumor volume up to 30% in all NSCLC cell lines. Linear regression with zero constant yielded USC-EUDSBRT = 0.96 × LQ-EUDSBRT (r2 = 0.99) for the clinical DVHs. Converting EUDSBRT into standard 2‑Gy fractions by the LQ formalism produced significantly larger EUDCFRT than the USC formalism, particularly for low $$\alpha /\beta$$

α
/
β

ratios and large fraction dose. Simplified two-compartment DVH models illustrated that both the LQ- and USC-EUDCFRT values were sensitive to cold spot below the prescription dose with little volume dependence. Their deviations were almost constant for up to 30% dose increase above the prescription. Linear regression with zero constant yielded USC-EUDCFRT = 1.56 × LQ-EUDCFRT (r2 = 0.99) for the clinical DVHs. The clinical LQ-EUDCFRT resulted in median TCP of almost 100% vs. 93.8% with USC-EUDCFRT.

Conclusion
A uniform formalism of EUD should be defined among the SBRT community in order to apply it as a single metric for dose reporting and dose–response modeling in high-dose-gradient SBRT because its value depends on the underlying cell survival model and the model parameters. Further investigations of the optimal formalism to derive the EUD through clinical correlations are warranted.
Einführung zur Qualität von Medizinjournalismus und erste Einschätzungen zur COVID-19-Berichterstattung
Authors: Daube Dominik , Ruhrmann Georg 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Medienlandschaft unterliegt einem stetigen Wandel, innovative Medientechnologien beeinflussen in immer stärkerem Maße unsere Lebenswelt. Da digitale Medien zunehmend in allen Altersklassen konsumiert werden und Laien sich im Internet auch häufig zu gesundheitlichen und medizinischen Themen informieren, stellt sich die Frage nach der Qualität dieser (journalistischen) Inhalte im Web. Die Rolle von Journalistinnen und Journalisten wandelt sich und für die Wissenschaft gibt es neue Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen bei der digitalen Verbreitung von Forschungsergebnissen. Welchen qualitativen Ansprüchen müssen diese Inhalte genügen und welche Potenziale und Chancen, aber eben auch Risiken bringen online verbreitete und rezipierte Informationen mit sich?Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Themen der Medizin- und Gesundheitskommunikation und Prozesse der journalistischen Berichterstattung beschrieben. Anschließend diskutieren wir das in der Medizin bereits etablierte Kriterium der „Evidenz“ als möglichen Ansatz zur Beurteilung gesundheitsrelevanter und medizinischer Informationen. Abschließend wird die COVID-19-Pandemie im Kontext des wachsenden Medienpopulismus diskutiert.