bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A lightweight IoT‐based security framework for inventory automation using wireless sensor network
Authors: Batra Isha , Verma Sahil , Kavita  , Alazab Mamoun 
Published: October 2019

SummaryInternet of things (IoT) has evolved as an innovation of next generation in this world of smart devices. IoT tends to provide services for data collection, data management, and data and device security required for application development. Things or devices in IoT communicate and compute to make our lives comfortable and safe. In inventory automation, real‐time check on items, their information management, and status management, monitoring can be carried out using IoT. The huge amount of data that flows among the devices in the network demands for a security framework that ensures authentication, authorization, integrity, and confidentiality of data. The existing security solutions like SIMON or SPECK offer lightweight security solutions but are vulnerable to differential attack because of their simplicity. Moreover, existing solutions do not offer inbuilt authentication. Therefore, this research work contributes a secure and lightweight IoT‐based framework using wireless sensor network (WSN) as a technology. The existing security solutions SPECK and SIMON are compared with the proposed security approach using COOJA simulator. The results show that proposed approach outstands others by 2% reduction in number of CPU cycles, 10% less execution time, 4% less memory requirements of security approach, and with minimum 10% more security impact.
Positive interspecific associations consistent with social information use shape juvenile fish assemblages
Authors: Haak Christopher R. , Hui Francis K. C. , Cowles Geoffrey W. , Danylchuk Andy J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSocial information obtained from heterospecifics can enhance individual fitness by reducing environmental uncertainty, making it an important driver of mixed‐species grouping behavior. Heterospecific groups are well documented among fishes, yet are notably more prevalent among juveniles than more advanced life stages, implying that the adaptive value of joining other species is greater during this developmental period. We propose this phenomenon can be explained by the heightened ecological relevance of heterospecifically produced cues pertaining to predation risk and or resources, as body‐size uniformity inherent in early ontogeny yields greater overlap in predator and prey guild membership across juveniles of disparate taxa. To evaluate the putative role of information in shaping juvenile fish assemblages, we employed a joint species distribution model (JSDM), identifying nonrandom relationships among fishes collected in 785 seine hauls within the shallow littoral zones of a subtropical island. After accounting for species–environment relationships, which explained 39% of observed covariation in the abundance of 11 taxa, we detected high rates of positive association (84% of significant correlations) predominantly between mutual foraging guild members, consistent with assemblage patterns predicted to evolve under widespread interspecific information use. Affiliations occurred primarily between species characterized by neutral (i.e., noninteracting) or negative (i.e., predator–prey) relationships in later life stages, supporting the notion that heightened niche overlap due to body size homogeneity acted to increase the pertinence of information among juveniles. Taxa exerted varying degrees of influence on assemblage structure; howeverEucinostomusspp., a gregarious generalist with exceptional information‐production potential, had an effect several times that of all other species combined, further evidencing the likely role of information in motivating observed relationships. Co‐occurrence and qualitative behavioral data inferred from remote underwater video surveys reinforced these conclusions. Collectively, these results suggest that positive interactions linked to information exchange can be among the principal factors organizing juvenile fish assemblages at local scales, highlighting the role of ontogeny in mediating the relevance and exploitation of information across species.
A scale‐dependent framework for trade‐offs, syndromes, and specialization in organismal biology
Authors: Agrawal Anurag A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBiodiversity is defined by trait differences between organisms, and biologists have long sought to predict associations among ecologically important traits. Why do some traits trade off but others are coexpressed? Why might some trait associations hold across levels of organization, from individuals and genotypes to populations and species, whereas others only occur at one level? Understanding such scaling is a core biological problem, bearing on the evolution of ecological strategies as well as forecasting responses to environmental change. Explicitly considering the hierarchy of biodiversity and expectations at each scale (individual change, evolution within and among populations, and species turnover) is necessary as we work toward a predictive framework in evolutionary ecology. Within species, a trait may have an association with another trait because of phenotypic plasticity, genetic correlation, or population‐level local adaptation. Plastic responses are often adaptive and yet individuals have a fixed pool of resources; thus, positive and negative trait associations can be generated by immediate environmental needs and energetic demands. Genetic variation and covariation for traits within a population are typically shaped by varying natural selection in space and time. Although genetic correlations are infrequently long‐term constraints, they may indicate competing organismal demands. Traits are often quantitatively differentiated among populations (local adaptation), although selection rarely favors qualitatively different strategies until populations become reproductively isolated. Across species, niche specialization to particular habitats or biotic interactions may determine trait correlations, a subset of which are termed “strategic trade‐offs” because they are a consequence of adaptive specialization. Across scales, constraints within species often do not apply as new species evolve, and conversely, trait correlations observed across populations or species may not be reflected within populations. I give examples of such scale‐dependent trait associations and their causes across taxonomic groups and ecosystems, and in the final section of the paper, I specifically evaluate leaf economics spectrum traits and their associations with plant defense against herbivory. Scale‐dependent predictions emerge for understanding plant ecology holistically, and this approach can be fruitfully applied more generally in evolutionary ecology. Adaptive specialization and community context are two of the primary drivers of trade‐offs and syndromes across biological scales.
Exploring the relationship between male norm beliefs, pain‐related beliefs and behaviours: An online questionnaire study
Authors: Keogh Edmund , Boerner Katelynn E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundGender beliefs help explain the variation found in pain among men and women. Gender norms and expectations are thought to affect how men and women report and express pain. However, less is known about how such beliefs are related to pain outside of laboratory settings. The aim of this study was therefore to consider the relationship between beliefs in male role norms, pain and pain behaviours in men and women.MethodsAn online questionnaire study was conducted. A total of 468 adults (352 women), with or without pain, completed a series of self‐report measures relating to beliefs about pain and male role norms, as well as pain and general health behaviours.ResultsAn experience of pain was associated with lower beliefs in traditional male norms. Endorsing stereotypical male norms was related to increased stigma associated with seeking professional help for pain in both men and women, but to a lesser extent associated with general health behaviours. There also seemed to be gender‐based beliefs associated with the expression of pain.ConclusionsTogether these findings suggest that beliefs in gender (male) norms are relevant to pain, and that there is utility in exploring the variation in pain beyond binary male–female categories.
Organisational antecedents of workplace victimisation: The role of organisational climate, culture, leadership, support, and justice in predicting junior doctors' exposure to bullying at work
Authors: Samsudin Ely Zarina , Isahak Marzuki , Rampal Sanjay , Rosnah Ismail , Zakaria Mohd Idzwan 
Published: October 2019

SummaryWorkplace bullying is a pervasive phenomenon among junior doctors that may negatively impact their training and abilities to deliver quality healthcare, yet evidence on the factors of bullying among them remains lacking. This study examined the role of organisational climate, culture, leadership, support, and justice in junior doctors' exposure to workplace bullying on the basis of the work environment hypothesis, which suggests that workplace psychosocial factors are the main antecedents of bullying at work. Multilevel analysis of a universal sample (n = 1074) of junior doctors working in the central zone of Malaysia, using mixed effects logistic regression, was conducted. Analysis indicates that junior doctors working in departments with neutral and positive organisational climate, moderate and high degree of clan culture, moderate and high degree of adhocracy culture, moderate degree of hierarchy culture, moderate degree of production and achievement‐oriented leadership style, moderate and high degree of organisational support, moderate degree of procedural justice, moderate and high degree of interactional justice, and high degree of distributive justice have lower odds of bullying compared with their counterparts. The results present evidence that all aspects of the organisation influence junior doctors' exposure to bullying and should be considered when developing antibullying initiatives targeted at them.
A new approach for measuring surface hydrological connectivity
Authors: Wolstenholme Joshua M. , Smith Mark W. , Baird Andy J. , Sim Thomas G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe development of surface hydrological connectivity is a key determinant of flood magnitude in drylands. Thresholds in runoff response may be reached when isolated runoff‐generating areas connect with each other to form continuous links to river channels, enabling these areas to contribute to flood hydrographs. Such threshold behaviour explains observed nonlinearities and scale dependencies of dryland rainfall–runoff relationships and complicates attempts at flood prediction. However, field methods for measuring the propensity of a surface to transmit water downslope are lacking, and conventional techniques of infiltration measurement are often inappropriate for use on non‐agricultural drylands. Here, we argue for a reconceptualization of the dryland surface runoff process, suggesting that the downslope transfer of water should be considered alongside surface infiltration; that is, there is a need for the “aggregated” measurement of infiltration and overland flow hydraulics. Surface application of a set volume of water at a standardized rate generates runoff that travels downslope; the distance it travels downslope is determined by infiltration along the flow, integration of flow paths, and flow resistance. We demonstrate the potential of such a combined measurement system coupled with structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry to identify surface controls on runoff generation and transfer on dryland hillslopes, with vegetation, slope, surface stone cover, and surface roughness all having a significant effect. The measurement system has been used on slopes up to 37° compared with the flat surface typically required for infiltration methods. On average, the field workflow takes ~10–15 min, considerably quicker than rainfall simulation. A wider variety of surfaces can be sampled with relative ease, as the method is not restricted to stone and vegetation‐free land. We argue that this aggregated measurement represents surface connectivity and dryland runoff response better than standard hydrological approaches and can be applied on a much greater variety of dryland surfaces.
Classifying T cell activity in autofluorescence intensity images with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Wang Zijie J. , Walsh Alex J. , Skala Melissa C. , Gitter Anthony 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe importance of T cells in immunotherapy has motivated developing technologies to improve therapeutic efficacy. One objective is assessing antigen‐induced T cell activation because only functionally active T cells are capable of killing the desired targets. Autofluorescence imaging can distinguish T cell activity states in a non‐destructive manner by detecting endogenous changes in metabolic co‐enzymes such as NAD(P)H. However, recognizing robust activity patterns is computationally challenging in the absence of exogenous labels. We demonstrate machine learning methods that can accurately classify T cell activity across human donors from NAD(P)H intensity images. Using 8260 cropped single‐cell images from six donors, we evaluate classifiers ranging from traditional models that use previously‐extracted image features to convolutional neural networks (CNNs) pre‐trained on general non‐biological images. Adapting pre‐trained CNNs for the T cell activity classification task provides substantially better performance than traditional models or a simple CNN trained with the autofluorescence images alone. Visualizing the images with dimension reduction provides intuition into why the CNNs achieve higher accuracy than other approaches. Our image processing and classifier training software is available at https://github.com/gitter‐lab/t‐cell‐classification.
Ultrasound (US) Changes in the Median Nerve Cross‐Sectional Area After Microinvasive US‐Guided Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: Chappell Craig D. , Beckman John P. , Baird Brian C. , Takke Amanda V. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo document changes in the median nerve cross‐sectional area (CSA) in the proximal carpal tunnel region after ultrasound (US)‐guided carpal tunnel release (CTR).MethodsProspective data were collected on 23 consecutive patients (37 wrists) treated with US‐guided CTR by the primary author using the same office‐based microinvasive technique. Ultrasound was used to measure the largest CSA of the median nerve in the proximal carpal tunnel region both preoperatively and postoperatively. The primary outcome measure was the change in the preoperative versus 6‐ to 10‐week postoperative median nerve CSA.ResultsThe mean CSA of the median nerve decreased from 16.08 to 12.75 mm2 at 6 to 10 weeks after US‐guided CTR (P < .001). During the same period, the mean Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) symptom score decreased from 3.23 to 1.67 (P < .001), and mean BCTQ functional score decreased from 2.49 to 1.47 (P < .001), both exceeding minimal clinically important differences. Although the primary end point was the median nerve CSA at 6 to 10 weeks, statistically significant reductions in the median nerve CSA, as well as BCTQ scores, were also observed as early as 2 to 4 weeks after US‐guided CTR (median nerve CSA, 12.40 mm2; BCTQ symptom score, 2.00; BCTQ functional score, 1.75; all P ≤ .03).ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this investigation was the largest to date examining changes in the proximal median nerve CSA after US‐guided CTR. Statistically significant reductions in the proximal median nerve CSA were observed within 6 to 10 weeks after ultrasound‐guided CTR. These reductions were similar to those previously reported for open and endoscopic CTR and validate the ability of US‐guided CTR to relieve median nerve compression.
Transoral neck surgery prevents attentional bias towards the neck compared to open neck surgery
Authors: Liao David , Ishii Lisa E. , Chen Lena W. , Chen Jonlin , Juarez Michelle , Darrach Halley M. , Kumar Anisha R. , Russell Jonathon O. , Tufano Ralph P. , Ishii Masaru 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveMeasure attentional distraction of neck scars after open neck surgery compared to transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy via a vestibular approach (TOETVA) or transoral endoscopic parathyroidectomy via a vestibular approach (TOEPVA) using eye‐tracking technology.MethodsCasual observers viewed facial images of patients who underwent open neck surgery, TOETVA/TOEPVA, or no surgery (controls). An eye‐tracking monitor recorded eye fixations in real time. Multivariate Hotelling's analysis followed by post‐hypothesis testing compared fixation durations for predefined regions of interest, including the eyes, nose, mouth, neck, and remaining face between open neck surgery patients, transoral neck surgery patients, and controls.ResultsOne hundred forty observers completed the experiment. The majority of their attention was directed towards the central triangle (eyes, nose, mouth). On multivariate analysis, distribution of attention was significantly different on the faces of those who underwent open neck surgery versus TOETVA/TOEPVA (T2 = 43.66; F[32,131] = 14.5389, P < .0001). Observers attended significantly more to the neck (0.20 seconds, P < .0001; 95% CI, 0.13, 0.26 s) and less to the peripheral face (−0.24 seconds, P = .0031; 95% CI, −0.39, −0.08 s) of open neck surgery patients. In patients who followed up months after surgery, significant differences persisted (T2 = 13.97; F[3451] = 4.6377, P = .0033). By contrast, fixation patterns for TOETVA/TOEPVA patients were not significantly different from controls (T2 = 5.59, F[31,186] = 1.8602, P = .1345). Observer race and gender did not significantly affect attention to neck scars.ConclusionScars following open neck surgery draw attention in casual observers. This attentional distraction is prevented in TOETVA/TOEPVA patients due to the absence of a scar, even months after surgery. Moreover, visual processing of TOETVA/TOEPVA patients' faces is similar to that of controls. These data support the effectiveness of transoral neck surgery in giving patients a cosmetic result that does not distract the attention of observers.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:1603–1608, 2020
Ascent trajectory optimization for air‐breathing vehicles in consideration of launch window
Authors: Zhou Hongyu , Wang Xiaogang , Cui Naigang 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThis paper studies the optimal ascent trajectory for a one‐stage‐to‐orbit, air‐breathing vehicle. This kind of vehicle allows endoatmospheric lateral maneuver and thus can extend the launch window. To obtain the optimal orbit‐insertion trajectory in consideration of launch time, a novel optimization model is proposed by designing longitudinal and lateral profiles separately. The longitudinal flight aims to meet the orbital shape that contains the eccentricity and the angular momentum, which are transformed to boundary constrains in altitude, path angle, and velocity. For lateral motion, the orbit inclination and right ascension of ascending node are designed to vary simultaneously as the range. By designing an altitude profile, the terminal altitude and path angle are naturally met and removed from the constraints and accurate orbit insertion is realized by searching the total range and the initial azimuth. Then, the original problem is converted to a parameter optimization problem and solved by a hybrid optimization algorithm, in which the solution is first searched by a particle swarm optimization method and then refined by a modified golden section method. Simulation tests the proposed method with various scenarios. Compared to traditional launch vehicles, a launch window over 1.5 hours is derived without consuming the propellant in the upper stage.
A prospective study of psychological distress after prostate cancer surgery
Authors: Occhipinti Stefano , Zajdlewicz Leah , Coughlin Geoffrey D. , Yaxley John W. , Dunglison Nigel , Gardiner Robert A. , Chambers Suzanne K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMen treated for prostate cancer experience heightened psychological distress and have an increased risk of suicide. Management of this distress and risk is crucial for quality urological care.ObjectiveTo identify risk indicators for poorer trajectories of psychological adjustment and health‐related quality of life (QoL) after surgery for localised prostate cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsPatients were newly diagnosed with localised prostate cancer scheduled for surgical treatment. Patients were assessed at baseline (pre‐surgery) and 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months post–surgery.MeasurementsAssessment measures included sociodemographics, domain‐specific and health‐related QoL, and psychological distress. Mixed effects regression models were used to analyse the data.Results and LimitationsA total of 233 patients provided data for this analysis (Mage = 60 years, standard deviation [SD] = 4.02; MPSA = 7.37 ng/mL). At baseline, the prevalence of high psychological distress was 28% reducing to 21% at 24 months. Before treatment, younger age, more comorbidities, and worse bowel function were related to greater psychological distress; and younger age and better urinary, sexual, and bowel function were related to better health‐related QoL. By contrast, for changes over time, only bowel function was important with better bowel function predicting decreasing psychological distress for men.ConclusionsRegular distress screening is indicated over the 24 months after surgery for localised prostate cancer. Care pathways for men with prostate cancer need also to respond to age‐specific concerns and health problems associated with comorbidities in aging men. Focussed symptom control for bowel bother should be a priority.
Azelastine potentiates antiasthmatic dexamethasone effect on a murine asthma model
Authors: Zappia Carlos D. , Soto Ariadna , Granja‐Galeano Gina , Fenoy Ignacio , Fernandez Natalia , Davio Carlos A. , Shayo Carina , Fitzsimons Carlos P. , Goldman Alejandra , Monczor Federico 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGlucocorticoids are among the most effective drugs to treat asthma. However, the severe adverse effects associated generate the need for its therapeutic optimization. Conversely, though histamine is undoubtedly related to asthma development, there is a lack of efficacy of antihistamines in controlling its symptoms, which prevents their clinical application. We have reported that antihistamines potentiate glucocorticoids’ responses in vitro and recent observations have indicated that the coadministration of an antihistamine and a synthetic glucocorticoid has synergistic effects on a murine model of allergic rhinitis. Here, the aim of this work is to establish if this therapeutic combination could be beneficial in a murine model of asthma. We used an allergen‐induced model of asthma (employing ovalbumin) to evaluate the effects of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone combined with the antihistamine azelastine. Our results indicate that the cotreatment with azelastine and a suboptimal dose of dexamethasone can improve allergic lung inflammation as shown by a decrease in eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage, fewer peribronchial and perivascular infiltrates, and mucin‐producing cells. In addition, serum levels of allergen‐specific IgE and IgG1 were also reduced, as well as the expression of lung inflammatory‐related genes IL‐4, IL‐5, Muc5AC, and Arginase I. The potentiation of dexamethasone effects by azelastine could allow to reduce the effective glucocorticoid dose needed to achieve a therapeutic effect. These findings provide first new insights into the potential benefits of glucocorticoids and antihistamines combination for the treatment of asthma and grants further research to evaluate this approach in other related inflammatory conditions.