bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antenatal and Perioperative Mechanisms of Global Neurological Injury in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Barkhuizen Melinda , Abella Raul , Vles J. S. Hans , Zimmermann Luc J. I. , Gazzolo Diego , Gavilanes Antonio W. D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCongenital heart defects (CHD) is one of the most common types of birth defects. Thanks to advances in surgical techniques and intensive care, the majority of children with severe forms of CHD survive into adulthood. However, this increase in survival comes with a cost. CHD survivors have neurological functioning at the bottom of the normal range. A large spectrum of central nervous system dysmaturation leads to the deficits seen in critical CHD. The heart develops early during gestation, and CHD has a profound effect on fetal brain development for the remainder of gestation. Term infants with critical CHD are born with an immature brain, which is highly susceptible to hypoxic-ischemic injuries. Perioperative blood flow disturbances due to the CHD and the use of cardiopulmonary bypass or circulatory arrest during surgery cause additional neurological injuries. Innate patient factors, such as genetic syndromes and preterm birth, and postoperative complications play a larger role in neurological injury than perioperative factors. Strategies to reduce the disability burden in critical CHD survivors are urgently needed.
Nonlinear Theory for Coalescing Characteristics in Multiphase Whitham Modulation Theory
Authors: Bridges Thomas J. , Ratliff Daniel J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe multiphase Whitham modulation equations with N phases have 2N characteristics which may be of hyperbolic or elliptic type. In this paper, a nonlinear theory is developed for coalescence, where two characteristics change from hyperbolic to elliptic via collision. Firstly, a linear theory develops the structure of colliding characteristics involving the topological sign of characteristics and multiple Jordan chains, and secondly, a nonlinear modulation theory is developed for transitions. The nonlinear theory shows that coalescing characteristics morph the Whitham equations into an asymptotically valid geometric form of the two-way Boussinesq equation, that is, coalescing characteristics generate dispersion, nonlinearity and complex wave fields. For illustration, the theory is applied to coalescing characteristics associated with the modulation of two-phase travelling wave solutions of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, highlighting how collisions can be identified and the relevant dispersive dynamics constructed.
Neurological update: use of cardiac troponin in patients with stroke
Authors: Scheitz Jan F. , Stengl Helena , Nolte Christian H. , Landmesser Ulf , Endres Matthias 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCardiac troponin is a specific and sensitive biomarker to identify and quantify myocardial injury. Myocardial injury is frequently detected after acute ischemic stroke and strongly associated with unfavorable outcomes. Concomitant acute coronary syndrome is only one of several possible differential diagnoses that may cause elevation of cardiac troponin after stroke. As a result, there are uncertainties regarding the correct interpretation and optimal management of stroke patients with myocardial injury in clinical practice. Elevation of cardiac troponin may occur as part of a ‘Stroke-Heart Syndrome’. The term ‘Stroke-Heart Syndrome’ subsumes a clinical spectrum of cardiac complications after stroke including cardiac injury, dysfunction, and arrhythmia which may relate to disturbances of autonomic function and the brain–heart axis. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview about prognostic implications, mechanisms, and management of elevated cardiac troponin levels in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
The Reeb Graph Edit Distance is Universal
Authors: Bauer Ulrich , Landi Claudia , Mémoli Facundo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe consider the setting of Reeb graphs of piecewise linear functions and study distances between them that are stable, meaning that functions which are similar in the supremum norm ought to have similar Reeb graphs. We define an edit distance for Reeb graphs and prove that it is stable and universal, meaning that it provides an upper bound to any other stable distance. In contrast, via a specific construction, we show that the interleaving distance and the functional distortion distance on Reeb graphs are not universal.
Pädiatrische Epilepsiechirurgie bei posterioren Epilepsien
Authors: Rosch Richard E. , Rüegger Andrea , Ramantani Georgia 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Epilepsiechirurgie hat sich als wirksame Behandlungsmethode für pharmakoresistente, strukturelle Epilepsien erwiesen. Läsionen im posterioren Kortex stellen dabei – gerade bei Kindern – eine besondere Herausforderung dar.

Fragestellung
Wirksamkeit der epilepsiechirurgischen Eingriffe bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit posterioren strukturellen Läsionen.

Material und Methoden
Literaturüberblick und Zusammenfassung der hauptsächlichen Befunde publizierter Studien zu pädiatrischen Kohorten nach epilepsiechirurgischer Behandlung posteriorer Epilepsien.

Ergebnisse
Epilepsien aufgrund posteriorer Läsionen sind bei Kindern häufiger als bei Erwachsenen und sind oft weniger klar lokalisiert und weniger deutlich von eloquentem Kortex abgrenzbar. Dennoch haben sich die postoperativen Verläufe in den letzten Jahrzehnten auf Grund von Fortschritten in der Abklärung deutlich verbessert.

Schlussfolgerung
Auch bei posterioren epileptogenen Läsionen ist die Epilepsiechirurgie oft eine wirksame Behandlungsmethode. Dabei bestehen die besten Aussichten auf Anfallsfreiheit nach frühzeitigen, ausreichend ausgedehnten Eingriffen. Das heißt, diese Kinder und Jugendlichen müssen für ein optimales Outcome umfangreich und v. a. frühzeitig abgeklärt werden.
Compensation and Socio-Economic Status of Borrowers in Foreclosure: Evidence from Swedish Micro-data
Authors: Lundholm M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractProper compensation during foreclosure is essential to any effort to protect borrowers as consumers. However, the effectiveness of consumer protection and other safety nets during foreclosure has been debated within academia. This study contributes to this debate by exploring socio-economic group differences related to the compensatory potential of foreclosure proceedings. It employs micro-level data on foreclosure auctions in Sweden from 2000 to 2014. The results indicate that there is a correlation between high socio-economic status and a greater potential for compensation and that this is likely not explained by appraiser bias. This article discusses these empirical findings in terms of the need for strict consumer protection regulation and other safety nets, such as alternative mortgage products or debt relief, to ensure that there is a potential for compensation for all borrowers in foreclosure, regardless of socio-economic status.
Acquisition and Use of ‘Priors’ in Autism: Typical in Deciding Where to Look, Atypical in Deciding What Is There
Authors: Allenmark Fredrik , Shi Zhuanghua , Pistorius Rasmus L. , Theisinger Laura A. , Koutsouleris Nikolaos , Falkai Peter , Müller Hermann J. , Falter-Wagner Christine M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIndividuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are thought to under-rely on prior knowledge in perceptual decision-making. This study examined whether this applies to decisions of attention allocation, of relevance for ‘predictive-coding’ accounts of ASD. In a visual search task, a salient but task-irrelevant distractor appeared with higher probability in one display half. Individuals with ASD learned to avoid ‘attentional capture’ by distractors in the probable region as effectively as control participants—indicating typical priors for deploying attention. However, capture by a ‘surprising’ distractor at an unlikely location led to greatly slowed identification of a subsequent target at that location—indicating that individuals with ASD attempt to control surprise (unexpected attentional capture) by over-regulating parameters in post-selective decision-making.
Nonlinear vibrations and time delay control of an extensible slowly rotating beam
Authors: Warminski Jerzy , Kloda Lukasz , Latalski Jaroslaw , Mitura Andrzej , Kowalczuk Marcin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNonlinear dynamics of a rotating flexible slender beam with embedded active elements is studied in the paper. Mathematical model of the structure considers possible moderate oscillations thus the motion is governed by the extended Euler–Bernoulli model that incorporates a nonlinear curvature and coupled transversal–longitudinal deformations. The Hamilton’s principle of least action is applied to derive a system of nonlinear coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) of motion. The embedded active elements are used to control or reduce beam oscillations for various dynamical conditions and rotational speed range. The control inputs generated by active elements are represented in boundary conditions as non-homogenous terms. Classical linear proportional (P) control and nonlinear cubic (C) control as well as mixed ($$P-C$$

P
-
C

) control strategies with time delay are analyzed for vibration reduction. Dynamics of the complete system with time delay is determined analytically solving directly the PDEs by the multiple timescale method. Natural and forced vibrations around the first and the second mode resonances demonstrating hardening and softening phenomena are studied. An impact of time delay linear and nonlinear control methods on vibration reduction for different angular speeds is presented.
Computational Intelligence in Remote Sensing Image Registration: A survey
Authors: Wu Yue , Liu Jun-Wei , Zhu Chen-Zhuo , Bai Zhuang-Fei , Miao Qi-Guang , Ma Wen-Ping , Gong Mao-Guo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn recent years, computational intelligence has been widely used in many fields and achieved remarkable performance. Evolutionary computing and deep learning are important branches of computational intelligence. Many methods based on evolutionary computation and deep learning have achieved good performance in remote sensing image registration. This paper introduces the application of computational intelligence in remote sensing image registration from the two directions of evolutionary computing and deep learning. In the part of remote sensing image registration based on evolutionary calculation, the principles of evolutionary algorithms and swarm intelligence algorithms are elaborated and their application in remote sensing image registration is discussed. The application of deep learning in remote sensing image registration is also discussed. At the same time, the development status and future of remote sensing image registration are summarized and their prospects are examined.
A Gentle Sedimentation Process for Size-Selecting Porous Silicon Microparticles to Be Used for Drug Delivery Via Fine Gauge Needle Administration
Authors: Nekovic Elida , Storey Catherine J. , Kaplan Andre , Theis Wolfgang , Canham Leigh T. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBiodegradable porous silicon (pSi) particles are under development for drug delivery applications. The optimum particle size very much depends on medical use, and microparticles can outperform nanoparticles in specific instances. Here we demonstrate the ability of sedimentation to size-select ultrasmall (1–10 μm) nanoporous microparticles in common solvents. Size tunability is quantified for 1–24 h of sedimentation. Experimental values of settling times in ethanol and water are compared to those calculated using Stokes’ Law. Differences can arise due to particle agglomeration, internal gas generation and incomplete wetting. Air-dried and supercritically-dried pSi powders are shown to have, for example, their median diameter d (0.5) particle sizes reduced from 13 to 1 μm and from 20 to 3 μm, using sedimentation times of 6 and 2 h respectively. Such filtered microparticles also have much narrower size distributions and are hence suitable for administration in 27 gauge microneedles, commonly used in intravitreal drug delivery.
From Blackboard to Green Screen
Authors: Grust Torsten 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe report on the conversion of two advanced database courses from their classical in-lecture-hall setup into an all-digital remote format that was delivered via YouTube. While the course contents were not turned on their heads, throughout the semester we adopted a video style that has been popularized by the live coding community. This new focus on the live interaction with the underlying database systems, led us (1) to adopt the idea of SQL probe queries that are specifically crafted to reveal database internals and (2) a study of database-supported computation that treats SQL like a true programming language. We are happy to share videos, slides, and code with anyone who is interested.
Antenatal Diagnosis of Filar Cysts: An Ultrasound Study of 2 Cases
Authors: Khanapure Balaji , Tinmaswala Ashfaque 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAntenatal diagnosis of filar cysts is an uncommon occurrence and these lesions have been reported very rarely. With the increasing resolution of ultrasound machines, it is expected that these will be seen more frequently. In the majority of cases these cysts are reported in the third trimester and to our knowledge there is no case of antenatal detection of filar cyst which has been reported before 20 weeks of gestation. We report 2 cases of cysts of filum terminale (filar cysts) diagnosed antenatally in the second trimester (19 weeks and 22 weeks of gestation respectively).
Digital twin of an urban-integrated hydroponic farm
Authors: Jans-Singh Melanie , Leeming Kathryn , Choudhary Ruchi , Girolami Mark 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper presents the development process of a digital twin of a unique hydroponic underground farm in London, Growing Underground (GU). Growing 12x more per unit area than traditional greenhouse farming in the UK, the farm also consumes 4x more energy per unit area. Key to the ongoing operational success of this farm and similar enterprises is finding ways to minimize the energy use while maximizing crop growth by maintaining optimal growing conditions. As such, it belongs to the class of Controlled Environment Agriculture, where indoor environments are carefully controlled to maximize crop growth by using artificial lighting and smart heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. We tracked changing environmental conditions and crop growth across 89 different variables, through a wireless sensor network and unstructured manual records, and combined all the data into a database. We show how the digital twin can provide enhanced outputs for a bespoke site like GU, by creating inferred data fields, and show the limitations of data collection in a commercial environment. For example, we find that lighting is the dominant environmental factor for temperature and thus crop growth in this farm, and that the effects of external temperature and ventilation are confounded. We combine information learned from historical data interpretation to create a bespoke temperature forecasting model (root mean squared error < 1.3°C), using a dynamic linear model with a data-centric lighting component. Finally, we present how the forecasting model can be integrated into the digital twin to provide feedback to the farmers for decision-making assistance.
Influence of glacier runoff and near-terminus subglacial hydrology on frontal ablation at a large Greenlandic tidewater glacier
Authors: Bunce Charlie , Nienow Peter , Sole Andrew , Cowton Tom , Davison Benjamin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFrontal ablation from tidewater glaciers is a major component of the total mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet. It remains unclear, however, how changes in atmospheric and oceanic temperatures translate into changes in frontal ablation, in part due to sparse observations at sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolution. We present high-frequency time-lapse imagery (photos every 30 min) of iceberg calving and meltwater plumes at Kangiata Nunaata Sermia (KNS), southwest Greenland, during June–October 2017, alongside satellite-derived ice velocities and modelled subglacial discharge. Early in the melt season, we infer a subglacial hydrological network with multiple outlets that would theoretically distribute discharge and enhance undercutting by submarine melt, an inference supported by our observations of terminus-wide calving during this period. During the melt season, we infer hydraulic evolution to a relatively more channelised subglacial drainage configuration, based on meltwater plume visibility indicating focused emergence of subglacial water; these observations coincide with a reduction in terminus-wide calving and transition to an incised planform terminus geometry. We suggest that temporal variations in subglacial discharge and near-terminus subglacial hydraulic efficiency exert considerable influence on calving and frontal ablation at KNS.
“The Criminal Actors Have a Social Base in Their Communities”: Gangs and Service Provision in Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Doyle Caroline 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTIn the last ten years, Medellín, Colombia has undergone significant socioeconomic improvements and a reduction in homicides. By drawing from qualitative data collected in Medellín, this article shows how, despite these improvements, residents in the marginalized neighborhoods maintain a perception that the state is unable or unwilling to provide them with services, such as employment and order or social control. Criminal gangs in these neighborhoods appear to rely on, and even exploit, the weakness of the state, as they are able to get citizens to perceive them as more reliable and legitimate than the state. This article argues that it is important for Latin American policymakers to promote citizen engagement in the design and implementation of policies to reduce current levels of violence.
Racism and Antiracism in the Liberal International Order
Authors: Búzás Zoltán I. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFormal racial equality is a key aspect of the current Liberal International Order (LIO). It is subject to two main challenges: resurgent racial nationalism and substantive racial inequality. Combining work in International Relations with interdisciplinary studies on race, I submit that these challenges are the latest iteration of struggles between two transnational coalitions over the LIO's central racial provisions, which I call racial diversity regimes (RDRs). The traditional coalition has historically favored RDRs based on racial inequality and racial nationalism. The transformative coalition has favored RDRs based on racial equality and nonracial nationalism. I illustrate the argument by tracing the development of the liberal order's RDR as a function of intercoalitional struggles from one based on racial nationalism and inequality in 1919 to the current regime based on nonracial nationalism and limited equality. Today, racial nationalists belong to the traditional coalition and critics of racial inequality are part of the transformative coalition. The stakes of their struggles are high because they will determine whether we will live in a more racist or a more antiracist world. This article articulates a comprehensive framework that places race at the heart of the liberal order, offers the novel concept of “embedded racism” to capture how sovereignty shields domestic racism from foreign interference, and proposes an agenda for mainstream International Relations that takes race seriously.
OP272 Two-Year Within-Trial And Estimated Lifetime Cost Effectiveness Of The Weight Management Program In The Diabetes REmission Clinical Trial (DiRECT)
Authors: Xin Yiqiao , Davies Andrew , Briggs Andrew , McCombie Louise , Martina Messow C. , Grieve Eleanor , Leslie Wilma S. , Taylor Roy , Lean Michael E. J. 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionType 2 diabetes results mainly from weight gain in adult life and affects one in twelve people worldwide. In the Diabetes REmission Clinical Trial (DiRECT), the primary care-led Counterweight-Plus weight management program achieved remission of type 2 diabetes (for up to six years) for forty-six percent of patients after one year and thirty-six percent after two years. The objective of this study was to estimate the implementation costs of the program, as well as its two-year within-trial cost effectiveness and lifetime cost effectiveness.MethodsWithin-trial cost effectiveness included the Counterweight-Plus costs (including training, practitioner appointments, and low-energy diet), medications, and all routine healthcare contacts, combined with achieved remission rates. Lifetime cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) was estimated according to projected durations of remissions, assuming continued relapse rates as seen in year two of DiRECT and the consequent life expectancy, quality of life and healthcare costs.ResultsThe two-year intervention cost was EUR 1,580 per participant, with over eighty percent of the costs incurred in year one. Compared with the control group, medication savings were EUR 259 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 166–352) for anti-diabetes drugs and EUR 29 (95% CI: 12–47) for anti-hypertensive medications. The intervention was modeled with a lifetime horizon to achieve a mean 0.06 (95% CI: 0.04–0.09) gain in QALYs for the DiRECT population and a mean total lifetime cost saving per participant of EUR 1,497 (95% CI: 755–2,331), with the intervention becoming cost-saving within six years.ConclusionsThe intensive weight loss and maintenance program reduced the cost of anti-diabetes drugs through improved metabolic control, achieved diabetes remission in over one-third of participants, and reduced total healthcare contacts and costs over two years. A substantial lifetime healthcare cost saving is anticipated from periods of diabetes remission and delaying complications. Healthcare resources could be shifted cost effectively to establish diabetes remission services, using the existing DiRECT intervention, even if remissions are only maintained for limited durations. However, more research investment is needed to further improve weight-loss maintenance and extend remissions.