bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonadiabatic Tapered Optical Fiber with GO/PVA Nanostructured Sensitive Coating for Humidity Sensing Application
Authors: Syuhada Aneez , Daud S. , Aziz M.S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A non-adiabatic tapered fiber sensor coated with humidity-sensitive graphene oxide (GO)/Poly (vinyl) alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite film for humidity sensing application was proposed. GO/PVA film was deposited onto the tapered region by dip-coating technique. The surface morphology of the coating film was characterized through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). When exposed to percent relative humidity (RH) ranging from 20 to 99.9 % RH, the sensor exhibited sensitivity for both untapered and tapered fibers at −0.00132 ± 0.00043 a. u (%)−1 and 0.00106 ± 0.00008 a. u (%)−1, respectively. The contribution of GO/PVA composite film in enhancing sensor sensitivity was proven, which was 0.00624 ± 0.00033 a. u (%)−1 with percentage of sensitivity boosting up to 15.86 % when compare to the uncoated ones.
Performance of Single Mode Tapered Optical Fiber Sensor Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) for Various Coating Time
Authors: Musa Nurfatin , Safwan Abd Aziz Muhammad , Bakhtiar Hazri , Krishnan Ganesan , Hafiz Dzafran Othman Mohd , Rahman Mukhlis A , Fauzi Ismail Ahmad 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Tapered optical fiber (TOF) sensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance is demonstrated for refractive index sensing application. The single-mode fiber (G652D) with 10/125 µm of core/core-cladding diameter was tapered by flame brushing method and achieved a waist diameter of approximately 15µm. Mercapto group (-SH) of 3-mercatoptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) was utilized for immobilization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by self-assemble monolayer (SAM) method on fiber surface. Evanescent field at the TOF sensing region excites the localized surface plasmons of AuNPs, with average mean diameter 15 ± 2 nm as evidence by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect on deposition time was examined on three different samples; S1, S2 and S3 with 24h, 48h and 72h of coating time respectively. TOF sensor performance was evaluated with surrounding refractive indices ranges from 1.3324 to 1.4254. The sensing mechanism is based on the modulation of output light signal that represent by transmission shifting spectra. The optimum sensitivity was obtained for S2 at 18 nm/RIU with good repeatability, reversibility and stability.
Effect of PVC additives on the electrical resistivity of NBR
Authors: Al-Mosawi Ali I. , Marossy Kálmán , Gömze László , Al-maamori Mohammed H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The effect of PVC additives (30, 50, 70 wt.%) on the electrical resistivity of the NBR at different voltages (1, 2.5, 5)kV was studied in this paper. The results obtained showed an increase in electrical resistance with increased PVC content. Interestingly, a voltage, i.e. electric field dependence was also observed. The field dependence is the highest in case of lowest test voltage (1kV).
Rheological characterization of PVC corncob composites. Effect of molecule weight of PVC
Authors: Román Krisztina , Szabó Tamás J , Marossy Kálmán 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The flow behaviors of different poly (vinyl chloride) and corncob flour composite were characterized using a Göttfert 20 extrusion rheometer. The rheological characterization includes extrusion experiments at different temperatures and screw speeds. By evaluation of flow rate and die pressure the flow properties and the activation energy of the flow can be determined. This also provides insight into the internal structure/organization of the prepared composite and gives information about process ability and processing window parameters. The flow of the melt is mostly determined by the molecular weight of the polymer but for PVC the higher organization of the polymer as tertiary and quaternary structures have also a significant effect. Moreover, the molecular weight affects not only the viscosity but also the relaxation times. This flow behavior of the polymer has changed significantly by shearing time and thermal history of the materials. PVC composites compounded from raw PVC powder of various K–values (molecule weight) were prepared and examined via a complete rheological analysis. The PVC composite’s morphology mostly depends on the concentration of the components, the material matrix and the corncob additive. The viscosity of the composites, the Rabinovich exponent, and flow-viscosity curves were determined in this paper. The results of the rheological tests can help us to make comprehensive conclusion about the composite structures, processing possibilities and applicability.
Autowave process of plastic flow localization
Authors: Zuev L B , Barannikova S A , Zharmukhambetova A M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The localized plasticity development was studied for a wide range of pure metals and alloys in single-crystal and polycrystalline state as well as nonmetallic materials, alkaline halide crystals, ceramics and rocks. Using photographic and digital versions of speckle photography, the localization of plastic flow in the test samples was investigated on specially designed units having high spatial and temporal resolution. According to the analysis given here, the different stages of plastic flow are related both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Optical properties of Si nanocrystals in SiO2 matrix synthesized by reactive pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Iwayama Tsutomu , Ogihara Ken 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Si ion implantation into SiO2 is widely used to synthesize specimens of SiO2 containing supersaturated Si. We also prepared specimens of supersaturated Si in SiO2 by reactive pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in an oxygen atmosphere. After high temperature annealing of these specimens induces the formation of embedded luminescent Si nanocrystals in SiO2. In this work, the potentialities of excimer UV-light (172 nm, 7.2 eV) irradiation and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) to enhance the photoluminescence and to achieve low temperature formation of Si nanocrystals have been investigated. The Si ions were introduced at acceleration energy of 180 keV to fluence of 7.5 x 1016 ions/cm2. We also prepared Si nanocrystals embedded in a SiO2 by reactive pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in an oxygen atmosphere by using conventional PLD system with 2nd-harmonic YAG laser (532 nm, 10 Hz, 80 J/cm2) under controlled low oxygen pressure. Samples were subsequently irradiated with an excimer-UV lamp. After the process, the samples were rapidly thermal annealed before furnace annealing (FA). Photoluminescence spectra were measured at various stages at the process. We found that the luminescence intensity is enhanced with excimer-UV irradiation and RTA. Moreover, effective visible photoluminescence is found to be observed even after FA below the annealing temperature at 1000 °C, only for specimens treated with excimer-UV lamp and RTA. We will make clear the similarities of photoluminescence with the way of preparation techniques.
Investigation of the rubber elasticity and properties of polyurethane elastomers with different silicon carbide contents
Authors: Somdee P , Lassú-Kuknyó T , Kónya C , Ibrahim J F M , Marossy K 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) powder was added to a polyurethane elastomer (PUR) to produce the composites. PUR was synthesized by mixing polyether polyol (PETP, Mw = 6000 g/mol) and 4,4′diphenylmethane diisocyanate. The stress-strain curves were carried out to estimate the effect of SiC on rubber elastic behaviour of PUR composites. As SiC content increases, the rubber elasticity region is noticeably decreased which can clearly be seen in the stress-strain curve, this could be attributed to the distribution of the SiC particles in the PUR matrix which prevents the cross-linking chain mobility of PUR and therefore affects the deformation while stretching. Furthermore, the decrease in the elongation at break is also co-related to the SiC content which hindrance the molecular mobility of the PUR chain. Shore A and D hardness increase by increasing SiC content up to 88 Shore A and 37 Shore D at 30 wt.% SiC. This is mainly due to the addition of SiC particles which act as active fillers in PUR matrix. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus are slightly increased when SiC content was increased. These observations support that Sick particles act as reinforcement which is active fillers and affect the stiffness in the elastic deformation of PUR.
Production of lightweight geopolymer concrete
Authors: Udvardi Bella , Hamza Alexandra , Kurovics Emese , Kocserha István , Géber Róbert , Simon Andrea 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Lightweight concrete has been known all around the world for decades. As a masonry material, there is an advantage: it has sufficient mechanical strength despite of its light weight. This research focuses on the production of recycled concrete based lightweight geopolymer concrete samples using glass foam aggregates. During the research geopolymer and concrete samples were made and finally their properties were investigated and compared. In the research work an alkaline silicate reaction (ASR) was also studied on the glass foam lightweight aggregates, which is very important for concrete failure. Material structural and morphological tests were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterize the geopolymer concrete samples. Compressive strength of lightweight concrete and lightweight geopolymer was determined at the age of 7 days. Glass foam is suitable for use as a lightweight aggregates for workability. Based on the 7 days compressive strength results no crust typical of the ASR reaction was detected on the surface of the mixtures.
Nonlinear relativistic electron Thomson Scattering for laser radiation with orbital angular momentum
Authors: Pastor I , Álvarez-Estrada R F , Roso L , Castejón F , Guasp J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The classical nonlinear incoherent Thomson Scattering (TS) power spectrum from free relativistic electrons moving in a laser beam with orbital angular momentum (OAM) is investigated. The main focus in this paper is on the TS process as a diagnostic technique for this type of beams. Linearly polarized incoming radiation and electrons of very low initial kinetic energy are considered. Averaged spectra from electrons randomly covering the transverse laser pattern have different shape in the case of a beam with OAM as compared with the TEM00 case (with vanishing net OAM). Hence, spectrally resolved measurements are needed to discriminate between both cases. If electrons are distributed over the laser spot as thin stripes at a given angle with respect to the polarization direction, computations show non-trivial angular dependencies of integrated power of a laser with OAM as compared with the TEM00 mode. An experimental test of the OAM state of a laser beam is proposed based on these results. The numerical code developed is general enough to deal with more complex polarization states of the laser beam and/or electrons having arbitrary initial kinetic energies.
Interaction of xanthan gums with galacto- and glucomannans. part I: molecular interactions and synergism in cold gelled systems
Authors: Schreiber Christine , Ghebremedhin Marta , Zielbauer Birgitta , Dietz Natalie , Vilgis Thomas A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Several studies have investigated xanthan-guar gum (XG-GG), xanthan-locust bean gum (XG-LBG), and xanthan-konjac glucomannan (XG-KGM) blends but little attention has been paid to the physical interactions between the hydrocolloids on a molecular basis. This requires a consistent sample preparation. Often, LBG is heated up to dissolve completely and then xanthan is added, whereas mixtures with guar gum are prepared at room temperature. To understand the synergy during gelation it is necessary to investigate the xanthan-hydrocolloid solutions in the non-heated state because it sets and controls the preferred initial conditions for the given interactions by chain stiffness, charge and polarity under different concentrations
In this first part of the publication we focused on blends which are all prepared at room temperature and analysed the molecular interaction in these cold mixed systems. Regarding this, we used Rheology and AFM measurements to characterise the single molecules and the mixing behavior and synergism of the blends. We found, that the cold mixed systems are not stable at room temperature and show a phase separation after one and two days, according to the sample, but are stable when stored at 4 °C. Further, these mixing and demixing properties are highly corresponding to the synergism. Blends with xanthan-guar gum with the weakest mixing properties show the weakest synergism, whereas xanthan-konjac blends with a good mixing behavior exhibit the highest synergism. From the AFM micrographs it was observed that XG-KGM gave most homogeneous mixtures, whereas XG-LBG and XG-GG showed strong phase separation. Based on our experimental results and the characteristics of the molecules such as molecular size, shape and side chains we propose molecular models to explain the physical interactions in these systems which are supported by atomic force microscopy.
Highlights of Antibody Engineering and Therapeutics 2019 in San Diego, USA: Bispecific Antibody Design and Clinical Applications
Authors: Zhu Yong , Shen Run , Hao Rui , Wang Shouye , Ho Mitchell 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough there are only two bispecific antibody (bsAb) drugs in the market, around 100 bsAb drug candidates are in clinical development. bsAbs have gained fast growing investment and attractions from the biopharmaceutical industry and academia in recent years. Antibody Engineering and Therapeutics 2019 (AET 2019) was held in San Diego, USA, from 9 to 13 December 2019. This year’s AET certainly reflected the trend. In this report, we selected 11 presentations from AET 2019 to highlight bsAbs’ design and their potentials in cancer therapy. These presentations have discussed emerging strategies to improve bispecific antibody drugs in efficacy, safety and production. As compared to CAR-Ts, some T cell-redirecting bsAbs may potentially achieve comparable efficacies with less side effects and toxicities, as evidenced with both preclinical and clinical data reviewed at the conference. Several approaches to reduce T cell engagers’ toxicities including conditionally active bsAbs and IgM-based bsAbs were also presented and discussed at the conference. For the first time, The Antibody Society and the Chinese Antibody Society jointly held a special session at the AET.
Breast Reduction in Adults: Identifying Risk Factors for Overall 30-Day Postoperative Complications
Authors: Aravind Pathik , Siotos Charalampos , Bernatowicz Elizabeth , Cooney Carisa M , Rosson Gedge D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Breast reduction is a commonly performed procedure. Understanding the postoperative complication profile is important for preoperative planning and patient education.

Objectives
The authors sought to assess complication rates following breast reduction in females and identify potential risk factors.

Methods
We assessed the records of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program participant use files that include patients who underwent breast reduction for macromastia between 2005 and 2016. Relevant patient and postoperative data were extracted, and factors affecting complications were analyzed utilizing the logistic regression model.

Results
We identified 20,001 women aged a mean 43.9 years who underwent breast reduction. The number of patients who developed ≥1 complication was 1009 (4.3%). Our adjusted analysis revealed that outpatient setting (odds ratio [OR] = 0.600) and performance of the surgery by the attending surgeon alone (OR = 0.678) were associated with lower odds, whereas higher body mass index (OR = 1.046) and smoking (OR = 1.518) were associated with higher odds for complications following breast reduction. Outpatient setting (OR = 0.317) was also associated with lower odds whereas smoking (OR = 1.613) and American Society of Anesthesiologists class were associated with higher odds of returning to the operative room. These findings were consistent in our subgroup analysis for wound-related complications.

Conclusions
Our study shows that patient characteristics such as smoking and body mass index may increase complication rates after breast reduction. Clinical factors such as inpatient setting may also increase risk of complications following breast reduction. It is critical to understand the effect of these factors to better predict postoperative outcomes and ensure thorough patient education.
Improving the Female Silhouette and Gluteal Projection: An Anatomy-Based, Safe, and Harmonious Approach Through Liposuction, Suspension Loops, and Moderate Lipofilling
Authors: Abboud Marwan , Geeroms Maxim , El Hajj Hiba , Abboud Nicolas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundLiposuction is the main technique to improve body contour, emphasize appealing curves, and highlight one’s muscular definition. The number of procedures in which the harvested fat is utilized for gluteal augmentation has greatly increased.ObjectivesThe authors aim to demonstrate their technique in order to obtain a sculpted harmonious body through a safe procedure, as well as review their 101 consecutive cases between 2014 and 2018.MethodsAnatomical guidelines and preoperative markings were provided to guide the 3-step procedure: zones of maximal and mild liposuction, barbed wire suspension, and moderate fat grafting. Novel concepts are introduced as the anterior body diagonal, posterior body diagonal as well as other specific axes the pubic unit, and a vertical ratio for the buttock, which are the basic foundations for sculpting the female body into a pleasing hourglass shape with a well projected buttock. Recommendations for location of sacral diamond, sacral dimples, and the maximally projected point of the buttock are given. The authors explain their philosophy through 4 principles: knowledge of anatomy, the relationship between specific body areas and surrounding zones, a balanced gluteal augmentation is not achieved through large volume fat grafting alone, and grafting in the subcutaneous layer.ResultsA total of 101 patients were treated following the described technique and examples are shown. The complication rate was low. No serious adverse effects were recorded apart from 1 ruptured suspension loop.ConclusionsThe described anatomy-based approach, including liposuction, suspension loops, and fat grafting, is a novel and safe technique leading to a desirable, long-lasting outcome.Level of Evidence: 4
A Randomized, Blinded, Prospective Clinical Study Comparing Small-Particle Versus Cohesive Polydensified Matrix Hyaluronic Acid Fillers for the Treatment of Perioral Rhytids
Authors: Polacco Marc A , Singleton Adam E , Luu Teresa , Maas Corey S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Perioral rhytids are a bothersome sign of aging for many patients. Although multiple treatments exist, choosing an optimal modality may be difficult considering that rhytids in this region are fine and the anatomy dynamic.

Objectives
The authors sought to compare the efficacy and safety as well as patient satisfaction of a small-particle hyaluronic acid filler with 0.3% lidocaine (SP-HAL, Restylane Silk) and cohesive polydensified matrix hyaluronic acid filler (CPM-HA, Belotero Balance) in reducing superficial perioral rhytids.

Methods
The study was double-blinded, and 48 patients with moderate to severe superficial perioral rhytids were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive either CPM-HA in the left perioral region and SPHAL in the right or vice versa. Rhytid severity was measured by patients utilizing a linear analog scale, and by investigators utilizing a validated 5-point scale, for 180 days following treatment.

Results
Both SP-HAL and CPM-HA achieved a reduction in rhytid severity, and neither treatment group returned to baseline after 180 days. Investigator-reported scores for rhytid severity were significantly better for SP-HAL than CPM-HA and remained so at 180 days (P &lt; .05). SP-HAL also proved significantly better for reducing rhytids according to patient scores, although this difference occurred between 120 and 180 days only. Adverse events included rash and mild acne for CPM-HA, and SP-HAL was associated with 1 postinflammatory nodule and 2 occurrences of Tyndall effect.

Conclusions
Although both SP-HAL and CPM-HA are effective at reducing perioral rhytid severity and have similar safety profiles, SP-HAL possesses a longer duration of effect.

Level of Evidence: 2
Practice Management Knowledge Amongst Plastic Surgery Residents in Canada: A National Survey
Authors: Al-Shaqsi Sultan , Hong Brian , Austin Ryan E , Wanzel Kyle 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Business and practice management principles are critical components of healthcare provision. Business and practice management is currently undertaught in plastic surgery training programs. The objective was to assess the status of business and practice management teaching amongst plastic surgery programs in Canada. An online survey of all enrolled plastic surgery residents was conducted in 2019 to 2020. Participants were invited to rate their knowledge and confidence about core principles in business and practice management. Sixty-five out of 126 residents responded to this survey (response rate, 51.6%). Only 7.8% of participants had previous business and practice management training; 23.1% reported receiving training in business and practice management during their residency. Participants reported a low level of knowledge and confidence in business and practice management (average Likert score between 3 and 4). Participants reported a high desire for future training in business and practice management particularly in billing and coding (91.2%) and business operations (91.2%). Plastic surgery residents in Canada reported a low level of knowledge and confidence about business and practice management. They desire the inclusion of business and practice management training in future curriculum.
Magnetic Graphene Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction for the Determination of Phthalic Acid Esters in Flavoring Essences by Gas Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhu Jing , Lu Binglin , Liu Shanshan , Xu Aifei , Tang Guifang , Chen Zhiyan , Pan Yuling , Tang Gangling , Yang Fei , Zhou Yun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the present study, a sensitive, efficient and repeatable method for the simultaneous extraction and determination of 13 types of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in flavoring essence samples using magnetic graphene solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was developed. Due to the unique structure of magnetic graphene, it has several advantages, such as large surface area and fast separation ability. This unique structure not only provided strong magnetic responsiveness for the separation but also prevented the self-aggregation of graphene. The large delocalized p-electron system of graphene can form strong π-stacking interactions with the benzene ring. Thus, graphene may be also a good candidate adsorbent for the adsorption of benzenoid-form compounds. Several magnetic soild-phase extraction parameters, such as elution solvents, amounts of sorbents, enrichment time and desorption time were optimized. The optimized procedures for this method were performed by ultrasonication using ethyl acetate as elution solvent for 5 min. Under the optimal conditions, the developed method provided spiked recoveries of 75.0–105.3% with relative standard deviations of ~5.6% and limits of detection were 0.011–0.091 mg/kg. Good linear relationships were observed with the coefficient of determination (R2) &gt; 0.993 for all the analytes. Finally, the validated method was successfully applied to the analysis of PAEs in real samples.