bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macular impairment in mitochondrial diseases: a potential biomarker of disease severity
Authors: Primiano Guido , Abed Edoardo , Corbo Giovanni , Minnella Angelo Maria , Servidei Serenella , Vollono Catello , Savastano Maria Cristina , Falsini Benedetto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe high-energy demands of the retina are thought to contribute to its particular vulnerability to mitochondrial dysfunction. Photoreceptors are the cells with the higher oxygen consumption within the retina, and among these, the cones contain more mitochondria and have a higher energy demand than rods. A cohort of twenty-two patients with genetically-defined mitochondrial diseases (MDs) were enrolled to determine if the macula is functionally and anatomically impaired in these metabolic disorders. Visual acuity and fERG amplitude of patients with primary mitochondrial dysfunction were reduced compared to controls. Furthermore, SD-OCT layer segmentation showed a reduction of retinal and outer nuclear layer (ONL) volume in the macula of the patients. fERG amplitude showed a positive correlation with both ONL volume and thickness. A negative relationship was noted between fERG amplitude and disease severity assessed with Newcastle Mitochondrial Disease Adult Scale. In conclusion, MDs are associated with functional and anatomical alteration of macular cone system, characterized by its strong correlation with clinical disease severity suggesting a role as a potential biomarker of primary mitochondrial disorders.
Pathological risk-propensity typifies Mafia members’ cognitive profile
Authors: Salvato Gerardo , Fiorina Maria Laura , De Maio Gabriele , Francescon Elisa , Ovadia Daniela , Bernardinelli Luisa , Santosuosso Amedeo , Paulesu Eraldo , Bottini Gabriella 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSince the recruitment process, Italian Mafias impose on their members a strict code of conduct. These rigid rules regulate their private and public behavior, implying a total adhesion to the group’s values. Such juridical and social aspects substantially distinguish organized crime (OC) from ordinary crime. It is still unknown whether these two categories of offenders also show distinctive cognitive traits. Here we investigated the frontal lobe cognitive functions of 50 OC prisoners from the Mafia and 50 non-OC prisoners based on the performance of 50 non-prisoner controls. We found that OC members were more likely to show pathological risk-propensity than non-OC prisoners. We interpret this finding as the result of the internal dynamics of Mafia groups. OC is a worldwide threat, and the identification of cognitive traits behind criminal behavior will help in devising focused prevention policies.
The impact of cervical cytobrush sampling on cervico-vaginal immune parameters and microbiota relevant to HIV susceptibility
Authors: Mohammadi A. , Bagherichimeh S. , Perry M. C. , Fazel A. , Tevlin E. , Huibner S. , Tharao W. , Coburn B. , Kaul R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe immunology and microbiota of the female genital tract (FGT) are key determinants of HIV susceptibility. Cervical cytobrush sampling is a relatively non-invasive method permitting the longitudinal assessment of endocervical immune cells, but effects on FGT immunology are unknown. Blood, cervico-vaginal secretions and cervical cytobrushes were collected from sexually transmitted infection (STI)-free women at baseline and after either 6 hours or 48 hours. Endocervical immune cell subsets were assessed by flow cytometry, and pro-inflammatory cytokines by multiplex ELISA. The density of Lactobacillus species and key bacterial vaginosis-associated bacterial taxa were determined by qPCR. Paired changes were assessed before and after cytobrush sampling. After 6 hours there were significant increases in CD4 + T cell, antigen presenting cell (APC) and neutrophil numbers; APC elevations persisted at 48 hours, while neutrophil and CD4 + T cell numbers returned to baseline. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were increased at 6 hours and returned to baseline by 48 hours. No significant changes were observed in the absolute abundance of Lactobacillus species or BV-associated bacteria at either time point. Overall, cytobrush sampling altered genital immune parameters at 6 hours, but only APC number increases persisted at 48 hours. This should be considered in longitudinal analyses of FGT immunology.
Solid-electrolyte interphase nucleation and growth on carbonaceous negative electrodes for Li-ion batteries visualized with in situ atomic force microscopy
Authors: Luchkin Sergey Yu. , Lipovskikh Svetlana A. , Katorova Natalia S. , Savina Aleksandra A. , Abakumov Artem M. , Stevenson Keith J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLi-ion battery performance and life cycle strongly depend on a passivation layer called solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI). Its structure and composition are studied in great details, while its formation process remains elusive due to difficulty of in situ measurements of battery electrodes. Here we provide a facile methodology for in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements of SEI formation on cross-sectioned composite battery electrodes allowing for direct observations of SEI formation on various types of carbonaceous negative electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. Using this approach, we observed SEI nucleation and growth on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), MesoCarbon MicroBeads (MCMB) graphite, and non-graphitizable amorphous carbon (hard carbon). Besides the details of the formation mechanism, the electrical and mechanical properties of the SEI layers were assessed. The comparative observations revealed that the electrode potentials for SEI formation differ depending on the nature of the electrode material, whereas the adhesion of SEI to the electrode surface clearly correlates with the surface roughness of the electrode. Finally, the same approach applied to a positive LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 electrode did not reveal any signature of cathodic SEI thus demonstrating fundamental differences in the stabilization mechanisms of the negative and positive electrodes in Li-ion batteries.
In vitro human colonic microbiota utilises D-β-hydroxybutyrate to increase butyrogenesis
Authors: Sasaki Kengo , Sasaki Daisuke , Hannya Asuka , Tsubota Jun , Kondo Akihiko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe ketone body D-β-hydroxybutyrate (DBHB) has gained attention owing to its cellular signalling function; however, its effect on the human colonic microbiota remains unclear. Here, DBHB dynamics in the human colon were investigated using an in vitro colonic microbiota model, which maintained most of the operational taxonomic units detected in the original faeces. Over 54% of 0.41% (w/v) DBHB was metabolised by microbiota models originating from seven faecal samples after 30 h of fermentation (regarded as DBHB utilisers); however, <19% of DBHB was metabolised by microbiota models from five faecal samples (regarded as non-utilisers of DBHB). In utilisers, DBHB administration increased the relative abundance of the genus Coprococcus, correlated with increased butyrogenesis. Increased butyrogenesis was not observed in DBHB non-utilisers. Based on PICRUSt analysis, the relative abundance of β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase was maintained in microbiota models from DBHB utilisers following DBHB administration; however, it decreased in microbiota models from non-utilisers. After 21 h of fermentation, the intracellular glutamate concentration, which is indicative of growth, showed a positive correlation with DBHB utilisation (R2 = 0.70). Human colonic microbiotas with high growth activity demonstrate efficient utilisation of DBHB for increased butyrate production, which affords health benefits.
Automated screening of sickle cells using a smartphone-based microscope and deep learning
Authors: de Haan Kevin , Ceylan Koydemir Hatice , Rivenson Yair , Tseng Derek , Van Dyne Elizabeth , Bakic Lissette , Karinca Doruk , Liang Kyle , Ilango Megha , Gumustekin Esin , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is a major public health priority throughout much of the world, affecting millions of people. In many regions, particularly those in resource-limited settings, SCD is not consistently diagnosed. In Africa, where the majority of SCD patients reside, more than 50% of the 0.2–0.3 million children born with SCD each year will die from it; many of these deaths are in fact preventable with correct diagnosis and treatment. Here, we present a deep learning framework which can perform automatic screening of sickle cells in blood smears using a smartphone microscope. This framework uses two distinct, complementary deep neural networks. The first neural network enhances and standardizes the blood smear images captured by the smartphone microscope, spatially and spectrally matching the image quality of a laboratory-grade benchtop microscope. The second network acts on the output of the first image enhancement neural network and is used to perform the semantic segmentation between healthy and sickle cells within a blood smear. These segmented images are then used to rapidly determine the SCD diagnosis per patient. We blindly tested this mobile sickle cell detection method using blood smears from 96 unique patients (including 32 SCD patients) that were imaged by our smartphone microscope, and achieved ~98% accuracy, with an area-under-the-curve of 0.998. With its high accuracy, this mobile and cost-effective method has the potential to be used as a screening tool for SCD and other blood cell disorders in resource-limited settings.
Viral control of biomass and diversity of bacterioplankton in the deep sea
Authors: Zhang Rui , Li Yanxia , Yan Wei , Wang Yu , Cai Lanlan , Luo Tingwei , Li Huifang , Weinbauer Markus G. , Jiao Nianzhi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractViral abundance in deep-sea environments is high. However, the biological, ecological and biogeochemical roles of viruses in the deep sea are under debate. In the present study, microcosm incubations of deep-sea bacterioplankton (2,000 m deep) with normal and reduced pressure of viral lysis were conducted in the western Pacific Ocean. We observed a negative effect of viruses on prokaryotic abundance, indicating the top-down control of bacterioplankton by virioplankton in the deep-sea. The decreased bacterial diversity and a different bacterial community structure with diluted viruses indicate that viruses are sustaining a diverse microbial community in deep-sea environments. Network analysis showed that relieving viral pressure decreased the complexity and clustering coefficients but increased the proportion of positive correlations for the potentially active bacterial community, which suggests that viruses impact deep-sea bacterioplankton interactions. Our study provides experimental evidences of the crucial role of viruses in microbial ecology and biogeochemistry in deep-sea ecosystems.
IDO1+ Paneth cells promote immune escape of colorectal cancer
Authors: Pflügler Sandra , Svinka Jasmin , Scharf Irene , Crncec Ilija , Filipits Martin , Charoentong Pornpimol , Tschurtschenthaler Markus , Kenner Lukas , Awad Monira , Stift Judith , Schernthanner Marina , Bischl Romana , Herndler-Brandstetter Dietmar , Glitzner Elisabeth , Moll Herwig P. , Casanova Emilio , Timelthaler Gerald , Sibilia Maria , Gnant Michael , Lax Sigurd , Thaler Josef , Müller Mathias , Strobl Birgit , Mohr Thomas , Kaser Arthur , Trajanoski Zlatko , Heller Gerwin , Eferl Robert 
Published: May 2020

AbstractTumors have evolved mechanisms to escape anti-tumor immunosurveillance. They limit humoral and cellular immune activities in the stroma and render tumors resistant to immunotherapy. Sensitizing tumor cells to immune attack is an important strategy to revert immunosuppression. However, the underlying mechanisms of immune escape are still poorly understood. Here we discover Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1)+ Paneth cells in the stem cell niche of intestinal crypts and tumors, which promoted immune escape of colorectal cancer (CRC). Ido1 expression in Paneth cells was strictly Stat1 dependent. Loss of IDO1+ Paneth cells in murine intestinal adenomas with tumor cell-specific Stat1 deletion had profound effects on the intratumoral immune cell composition. Patient samples and TCGA expression data suggested corresponding cells in human colorectal tumors. Thus, our data uncovered an immune escape mechanism of CRC and identify IDO1+ Paneth cells as a target for immunotherapy.
High efficiency ultrafast water-window harmonic generation for single-shot soft X-ray spectroscopy
Authors: Fu Yuxi , Nishimura Kotaro , Shao Renzhi , Suda Akira , Midorikawa Katsumi , Lan Pengfei , Takahashi Eiji J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFully coherent, soft X-ray attosecond pulses are now available through high-order harmonic generation (HHG); however, the output energy is insufficient for various applications, such as attosecond-scale soft X-ray nonlinear experiments, the seeding of soft X-ray free-electron lasers, attosecond-pump-attosecond-probe spectroscopies, and single-shot imaging. In this paper, we combine a newly developed TW class mid-infrared femtosecond laser and a loose focusing geometry for HHG. A soft X-ray harmonic beam up to the water window region is demonstrated, which is more than 100 times intense compared to previous works. We achieve a high conversion efficiency, low beam divergence and a significantly reduced medium gas pressure. As the first application, we demonstrate near edge X-ray absorption fine structure experiments with clear fine absorption spectra near the K- and L-edges observed. The robust energy scaling method on HHG opens the door for demonstrating single-shot absorption spectrum and live-cell imaging with a femtosecond time resolution.
“Not Above, Not Below: Right in the Middle!”—Novel Filler Technique for Temporal Augmentation and Rejuvenation
Authors: Cohn Jason E. , Pion Tyler , Greco Timothy M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe temporal region is challenging to treat due to its thin skin, which has the propensity toward showing irregularities. The literature on temporal hollowing augmentation suggests placing the filler either into the subcutaneous space or within the temporalis muscle. However, these techniques have been based upon opinion rather than supporting anatomical and clinical data. We introduce a novel injection technique to avoid complications and achieve lasting results. This novel technique was confirmed with a cadaver model, in vivo model, and application to a human subject. The anatomical layers of the temporal region were highlighted: the skin, subcutaneous tissue, temporoparietal fascia (superficial temporal fascia), deep temporal fascia, superficial temporal fat pad, and temporalis muscle. Particular emphasis was placed on identifying the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery to avoid vascular complications. We believe the potential space between the temporoparietal fascia and the deep temporalis fascia is the safest, most efficacious plane to inject the temporal region with a 27-gauge cannula. Our future goal is to recruit and present a larger series of patients receiving this injection.
Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration as a Rescue Therapy for Severe Acetaminophen Toxicity in a Toddler
Authors: Awasthi Puspraj , Jindal Ankush , Sharma Yogish , Williams Vijai , Ravikumar Namita , Nallasamy Karthi , Angurana Suresh Kumar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAcetaminophen poisoning is one of the common accidental poisoning in children. Accidental administration of mismatched doses of drops for syrups can lead to life-threatening overdose. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the specific antidote; however, extracorporeal therapy such as continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) can be used as a rescue measure when there is no improvement despite adequate NAC therapy and can be lifesaving. We reported an 18-month-old male infant patient who presented with acetaminophen poisoning following accidental ingestion of acetaminophen drops in place of syrup and developed fulminant hepatic failure. Treatment with NAC did not lead to improvement and CVVH was used as a rescue therapy for 24 hours which led to dramatic clinical and biochemical improvement with intact neurological outcome.
Gesture reuse as distributed embodied cognition
Authors: Philipsen Johanne S. , Trasmundi Sarah Bro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the intimate link between hands and minds – or rather: How the hands are a means for exploring thoughts in collaboration with others. Specifically, this study investigates a series of locally occurring instances of gestural reuse in naturally occurring psychotherapeutic interaction. The repetition of gestural sequences and formats in interaction has been researched as serving pragmatic functions of building cohesion (McNeill & Levy, 1993) and managing different aspects of turn-taking (Koschmann & LeBaron, 2002). Taking a micro-analytic approach to the study of gesture, we show how reusing other participants’ gestures in the context of psychotherapy serves additional functions: As affordances for shared, embodied cognition. The study contributes to the growing body of research on gesture as a co-participated, co-operative (Goodwin, 2013,2018) and embodied phenomenon that criss-cross the boundaries of inside-the-skull, individual-centered and socially distributed cognition.
Dynamic processes of intermodal coordination in the ontogenesis of language
Authors: Romero Andonegi Asier , de Pablo Delgado Irati , Etxebarria Lejarreta Aintzane , Romero Andonegi Ainara 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to explore the multimodal communicative patterns used by infants during their first-words transition period. The combinatorial patterns of twelve children living in Basque Country with different mother tongues were analyzed longitudinally from 9 to 21 months of age. A total of 4,299 communicative behaviors were recorded and coded (vocalizations, gestures, and pragmatic functions). Results showed a significant increase in multimodal communicative patterns from 12 months onwards, and differences in the infants’ vocal construction depending on the specific types of gestures involved. Thus, it was observed that gestures and speech combinations have influence on the child’s pragmatic function and vocalizations structure.
Numeral base, numeral classifier, and noun
Authors: Allassonnière-Tang Marc , Her One-Soon 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Greenberg (1990a: 292) suggests that classifiers (clf) and numeral
bases tend to harmonize in word order, i.e. a numeral (Num) with a base-final [n base] order appears in a
clf-final [Num clf] order, e.g. in Mandarin Chinese, san1-bai3 (three hundred) ‘300’ and san1
zhi1 gou3 (three clf
animal dog) ‘three dogs’, and a base-initial [base n] Num appears in a clf-initial [clf Num]
order, e.g. in Kilivila (Eastern Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic), akatu-tolu (hundred three) ‘300’ and na-tolu
yena (clf
animal-three fish) ‘three fish’. In non-classifier languages, base and noun (N) tend to harmonize in word order. We propose that
harmonization between clf and N should also obtain. A detailed statistical analysis of a geographically and phylogenetically
weighted set of 400 languages shows that the harmonization of word order between numeral bases, classifiers, and nouns is statistically
highly significant, as only 8.25% (33/400) of the languages display violations, which are mostly located at the meeting points between
head-final and head-initial languages, indicating that language contact is the main factor in the violations to the probabilistic
universals.
Structure and inference in Japanese right dislocation
Authors: Furuya Kaori 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the syntactic nature of Japanese Right Dislocation Constructions (RDCs) by illuminating the ellipsis sites in the postverbal domains of the constructions via pragmatic inference. Although the most prevailing bi-clausal analysis of RDCs adopts the perspective that the repetition of the antecedent clause occurs in collocation, this paper shows that the same surface strings are potentially ambiguous since right dislocation is a heterogeneous phenomenon. It proposes additional types of a bi-clausal structure and discusses evidence that suggests that even when the surface strings are the same the recovery of the ellipsis site is possibly derived in multiple ways through the use of distinct linguistic strategies.
Testing the applicability of third tone sandhi at the intonation boundary
Authors: Liu Chin-Ting , Chen Li-mei 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to test the applicability of Tone Three Sandhi (T3S) when the critical syllable is a monosyllabic topic preceding a topic boundary. A recitation task from 37 native speakers of Taiwan Mandarin was employed. The results from human judgements indicated that the participants predominantly produced the critical syllables with Tone 3 (T3). Additionally, the fundamental frequency of the critical syllables demonstrated a falling contour, showing that T3S was not applied. Intonation break-ups and the prolongation of the critical syllables lent strong support to the view that the topic syllable was at an intonation/phonological phrase-final position. The findings can be elegantly accommodated by constraint-based analyses, which propose that T3S must be avoided when two T3 syllables are separated by an intonation/phonological phrase boundary. Issues relating to pauses, speech rates and word frequency effects are also discussed.
Relationship between lactose utilization of lactic acid bacteria and browning of cheese during storage
Authors: Arai Ayaka , Igoshi Asuka , Inoue Aoi , Noda Kyoko , Tsutsuura Satomi , Murata Masatsune 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
To produce processed cheese turning hardly brown during transportation and storage at room temperature, natural cheese showing less discoloration should be used as a raw material. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between the lactose utilization of lactic acid bacteria and the browning of cheese during storage. Three type-cultures (Lactobacillus plantarum and Streptococcus thermophilus) and five isolates from Japanese pickles (Lactobacillus spp.) were used. Cheese curds inoculated with these bacteria were prepared and stored. The L. plantarum-inoculated curds showed smaller ΔE-values after storage, an indicator for the browning, compared to the others. Accumulation of galactose was observed in the curd to which S. thermophilus was inoculated. The sample showed larger ΔE-value after storage. These results showed the lactose utilization of bacteria affected galactose concentration in cheese and its browning during storage. L. plantarum might be a good starter for preparing cheese turning hardly brown.
Ultra-high-throughput analysis of functional biomolecules using in vitro selection and bioinformatics
Authors: Kojima Takaaki 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Functional analysis of biomolecules, including nucleic acids and proteins, is important for understanding biological mechanisms in living cells such as gene expression and metabolism. To analyze diverse biomolecular functions, large-scale screening systems for biomolecules have been developed for various applications such as to improve enzyme activity and identify target binding molecules. One of these systems, the Bead Display system, utilizes emulsion technology and is a powerful tool for rapidly screening functional nucleic acids or proteins in vitro. Furthermore, an analytical pipeline that consists of genomic systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (gSELEX)-Seq, gene expression analysis, and bioinformatics was shown to be a robust platform for comprehensively identifying genes regulated by a transcription factor. This review provides an overview of the biomolecular screening methods developed to date.