bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity and atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence in atrial fibrillation patients after catheter ablation
Authors: Lu Shangxin , Du Xin , Yang Xiaoyi , Jia Zhaoxu , Li Jingye , Xia Shijun , Chang Sanshuai , Zuo Song , Guo Xueyuan , Tang Ribo , Sang Caihua , Bai Rong , Zhou Yingchun , Dong Jianzeng , Ma Changsheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe association between physical activity (PA) and atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) recurrence after ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear.MethodsWe consecutively enrolled 496 patients treated with AF ablation therapy in Beijing Anzhen Hospital. After excluding six patients with valvular heart disease, seven patients with congenital heart disease, 33 patients lost to follow‐up, and 14 patients who did not provide PA level during follow‐ups, 436 patients had their PA level assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire‐Short Form before ablation and each time of follow‐up. The association between PA level (measured at the time closest to AT recurrence, or the end of 12‐month follow‐up if no AT recurrence), as well as active PA during follow‐up, and postablation AT recurrence was tested by multivariate logistic regression.ResultsOf the enrolled patients, 134 (30.7%) patients experienced AT recurrence in the first 12 months postablation. Compared to patients with low PA, patients with moderate or high PA had a lower risk of AT recurrence (odds ratio [OR] = .44; 95% confidence interval [CI], .25‐.80; P = .01 for patients with moderate PA; and OR = .43 [95% CI, .21‐.85], P = .02 for patients with high PA). Compared to patients without active PA, patients with active PA had a lower risk of AT recurrence (OR = .44 [95% CI, .27‐.70], P < .01).ConclusionsModerate and high PA are associated with a lower risk of AT recurrence after AF ablation. Active PA during follow‐up is also associated with a significantly lower risk of AT recurrence in the postablation AF population.
HIPPOCRATES AT PHAEDRUS 270C
Authors: Jelinek Elizabeth , Pappas Nickolas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAt Plato's Phaedrus 270c, Socrates asks whether one can know souls without knowing ‘the whole.’ Phaedrus answers that ‘according to Hippocrates’ the same demand on knowing the whole applies to bodies. What parallel is intended between soul‐knowledge and body‐knowledge and which medical passages illustrate the analogy have been much debated. Three dominant interpretations read ‘the whole’ as respectively (1) environment, (2) kosmos, and (3) individual soul or body; and adduce supporting Hippocratic passages. But none of these interpretations accounts for the Phaedrus' rhetorical method. A better reading sees the whole as the genos ‘soul,’ as the Phaedrus' taxonomies divide that genus.
Insights into gene expression responses to infections in teleosts using microarray data: a systematic review
Authors: Caruffo Mario , Mandakovic Dinka , Cabrera Pablo , Pacheco Igor , Montt Liliana , Chávez‐Báez Ignacio , Mejías Madelaine , Vera‐Tamargo Francisca , Perez‐Valenzuela Javiera , Carrasco‐Labra Alonso , Pulgar Rodrigo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe rapid growth of production in aquaculture in the last decades has brought unwanted consequences affecting fish health and increasing the susceptibility to different infections. This systematic review aimed to analyse and summarize the current knowledge of gene expression responses to infectious diseases in teleosts using viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites as agents through published microarray data. We conducted searches in electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS until 1 May 2019. We identified 862 citations across databases and manual searches. After removing duplicates, we screened 455 unique references using titles and abstracts, of which 262 proved potentially eligible and evaluated using full text. A total of 79 articles proved eligible for this review. From the articles retrieved, we examined 261 different experiments (or ‘studies’) and more than a hundred thousand differentially expressed genes (DEGs). This systematic review represents the first catalogue of genes (and their associated processes) that differentially transcribe in different teleost species (13 species) due to infections generated by a large variety of pathogens (38 types). Although the obtained gene expression results are in considerable measure associated with expected immune response, other genes showed surprising significant transcriptional outcomes that may unravel unknown functions related to fish infections. This type of investigations facilitates the visualization of existing gaps in researches that may inspire future analysis in non‐traditional but relevant host or pathogen species.
Ebola Virus Dose Response Model for Aerosolized Exposures: Insights from Primate Data
Authors: Mitchell Jade , Dean Kara , Haas Charles 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study develops dose–response models for Ebolavirus using previously published data sets from the open literature. Two such articles were identified in which three different species of nonhuman primates were challenged by aerosolized Ebolavirus in order to study pathology and clinical disease progression. Dose groups were combined and pooled across each study in order to facilitate modeling. The endpoint of each experiment was death. The exponential and exact beta‐Poisson models were fit to the data using maximum likelihood estimation. The exact beta‐Poisson was deemed the recommended model because it more closely approximated the probability of response at low doses though both models provided a good fit. Although transmission is generally considered to be dominated by person‐to‐person contact, aerosolization is a possible route of exposure. If possible, this route of exposure could be particularly concerning for persons in occupational roles managing contaminated liquid wastes from patients being treated for Ebola infection and the wastewater community responsible for disinfection. Therefore, this study produces a necessary mathematical relationship between exposure dose and risk of death for the inhalation route of exposure that can support quantitative microbial risk assessment aimed at informing risk mitigation strategies including personal protection policies against occupational exposures.
Global Household Energy Model: A Multivariate Hierarchical Approach to Estimating Trends in The Use of Polluting and Clean Fuels for Cooking
Authors: Stoner Oliver , Shaddick Gavin , Economou Theo , Gumy Sophie , Lewis Jessica , Lucio Itzel , Ruggeri Giulia , Adair-Rohani Heather 
Published: July 2020

SummaryIn 2017 an estimated 3 billion people used polluting fuels and technologies as their primary cooking solution, with 3.8 million deaths annually attributed to household exposure to the resulting fine particulate matter air pollution. Currently, health burdens are calculated by using aggregations of fuel types, e.g. solid fuels, as country level estimates of the use of specific fuel types, e.g. wood and charcoal, are unavailable. To expand the knowledge base about effects of household air pollution on health, we develop and implement a novel Bayesian hierarchical model, based on generalized Dirichlet–multinomial distributions, that jointly estimates non-linear trends in the use of eight key fuel types, overcoming several data-specific challenges including missing or combined fuel use values. We assess model fit by using within-sample predictive analysis and an out-of-sample prediction experiment to evaluate the model's forecasting performance.
Public Sector Growth in the British Cape Colony: Evidence From New Data on Expenditure and Foreign Debt, 1830‐1910
Authors: Gwaindepi Abel , Fourie Johan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe public expenditure shifts that took place following the discovery of diamonds and gold during the second half of the nineteenth century had far‐reaching consequences for southern Africa’s development. Using new data for public expenditure and foreign debt in the Cape Colony and evidence from Cape parliamentary budget debates, we trace and explain the growth of the public sector. We find that the coincidence of mineral discovery in 1867 and the granting of responsible government status rapidly accelerated the growth of the public sector. Owing to strong mining interests, railways accounted for more than 70% of the public works expenditure from the 1880s onwards. Spending on human capital and welfare enhancement remained limited. Both the quantitative and qualitative evidence suggests that the mining elites managed to build coalitions that swayed public expenditure decisions towards self‐serving ends.
Young athletes' ECG: Incomplete right bundle branch block vs crista supraventricularis pattern
Authors: Diaz‐Gonzalez Leonel , Bruña Vanesa , Velásquez‐Rodriguez Jesús , Valenzuela Pedro L. , Valero‐Masa María Jesús , González‐Saldívar Hugo , Martinez‐Sellés Manuel , Lucia Alejandro , Boraita Araceli 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundIncomplete right bundle branch block (IRBBB) is prevalent among athletes, but its etiology remains to be clearly elucidated and the commonly advocated mechanism, an intraventricular conduction delay, does not explain all cases. In the general population, an apparently similar phenomenon but with different pathophysiology and potential consequences, “crista supraventricularis pattern” (CSP, defined as QRS ≤ 100 ms, S wave <40 ms in I or V6 together with an RSR´ pattern in lead‐V1) has been described. Yet, this manifestation has not been studied in athletes. Given that IRBBB can be associated with some serious conditions (including Brugada syndrome, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, or atrial septal defects) the differentiation between IRBB and CSP could enhance the accuracy of the pre‐participation screening (PPS). We thus aimed to determine the prevalence of CSP in young athletes.MethodsObservational study of standard 12‐lead resting ECG in a cohort of children (5‐16 years) attending a PPS program (August 2018–May 2019).Results6,401 children (mean ± SD age 11.2 ± 2.9 years, 99.2% Caucasian, 93.8% male, 97.2% soccer players) were studied. We found CSP in 850 participants (prevalence = 13.3% [95% confidence interval 12.5‐14.1]) whereas 553 (8.6%) had IRBBB. The proportion of athletes showing an S1S2S3 pattern was higher in those with CSP compared with the other QRS morphologies (P < .05).ConclusionsCSP might have been overlooked in previous reports of sports PPS for children and misdiagnosed as IRBBB, as the proportion of the former condition was higher. Our findings might add useful information to improve the interpretation of the young athletes’ ECG and thus the diagnostic value of PPS.
Unpacking the Suitcase: Premigratory Experiences with Ethnic Violence and Descriptive Representation Among Asian Americans
Authors: Ishiyama John , Silva Andrea 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveDo premigratory experiences shape the perceived need for racial and/or ethnic political representation? Although there is much literature that has examined whether a “pan‐ethnic” Asian‐American identity is emerging, we test the effects of premigration experiences with ethnic violence on the perceived need for descriptive representation among Asian Americans.MethodsUsing the 2016 National Asian American Pre‐Election Survey, in combination with comparative cross‐national data, we explore the relationship between premigration experiences and the perceived need for racial and ethnic representation.ResultsUsing both multilevel logit and a Heckman selection analyses, we find that premigratory experiences with violence significantly reduce the assessment that racial and ethnic representation is important.ConclusionThis suggests that premigratory experiences with ethnic violence reduce individual assessments that racial and ethnic representation is important. Individuals who emigrated from countries that experienced ethnic violence eschew descriptive representation in understanding politics in the United States.
Protein‐encoding ultraconserved elements provide a new phylogenomic perspective of Oestroidea flies (Diptera: Calyptratae)
Authors: Buenaventura Eliana , Lloyd Michael W. , Perilla López Juan Manuel , González Vanessa L. , Thomas‐Cabianca Arianna , Dikow Torsten 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe diverse superfamily Oestroidea with more than 15 000 known species includes among others blow flies, flesh flies, bot flies and the diverse tachinid flies. Oestroidea exhibit strikingly divergent morphological and ecological traits, but even with a variety of data sources and inferences there is no consensus on the relationships among major Oestroidea lineages. Phylogenomic inferences derived from targeted enrichment of ultraconserved elements or UCEs have emerged as a promising method for resolving difficult phylogenetic problems at varying timescales. To reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among families of Oestroidea, we obtained UCE loci exclusively derived from the transcribed portion of the genome, making them suitable for larger and more integrative phylogenomic studies using other genomic and transcriptomic resources. We analysed datasets containing 37–2077 UCE loci from 98 representatives of all oestroid families (except Ulurumyiidae and Mystacinobiidae) and seven calyptrate outgroups, with a total concatenated aligned length between 10 and 550 Mb. About 35% of the sampled taxa consisted of museum specimens (2–92 years old), of which 85% resulted in successful UCE enrichment. Our maximum likelihood and coalescent‐based analyses produced well‐resolved and highly supported topologies. With the exception of Calliphoridae and Oestridae all included families were recovered as monophyletic with the following conclusions: Oestroidea is monophyletic with Mesembrinellidae as sister to the remaining oestroid families; Oestridae is paraphyletic with respect to Sarcophagidae; Polleniidae is sister to Tachinidae; Rhinophoridae sister to (Luciliinae (Toxotarsinae (Melanomyinae + Calliphorinae))); Phumosiinae is sister to Chrysomyinae and Bengaliinae is sister to Rhiniidae. These results support the ranking of most calliphorid subfamilies as separate families.
Fingerprinting subducted oceanic crust and Hainan Plume in the melt sources of Cenozoic Basalts from the South China Sea Region
Authors: Tian Zhi‐Xian , Yan Yi , Huang Chi‐Yue , Dilek Yildirim , Yu Meng‐Ming , Liu Hai‐Quan , Zhang Xin‐Chang , Zhang Yong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGeochemical data compilation of Cenozoic basalts recovered from the South China Sea tectonic domain shows westward weakening of the influence of a focal zone‐like component in Nd–Hf, Nd–Pb and Sr–Pb, but not in Pb–Pb isotope spaces because the Pb isotopes are dominantly controlled by the high U/Pb component derived from the subducted Pacific oceanic slab. Low Th/U melt generated by recycling of marine carbonates, rather than the subduction‐related enriched mantle (EM2), signals the emplacement of the Hainan Plume at ~25 Ma. Radiogenic Hf in the pre‐existing ancient sub‐continental lithospheric mantle beneath the Cathaysia Block was greatly depleted by early‐stage magmatism influenced by the high U/Pb component. Hence, late Cenozoic basalts associated with the carbonatitic melts display contrasting Nd–Hf isotope covariations, with the Red River–Zhongnan Fault System as a dividing line, implying that the East and Southwest sub‐basins have been developed on the Cathaysia and Indochina Blocks respectively.
Golden retriever pigmentary uveitis: Challenges of diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Townsend Wendy M. , Huey Jane A. , McCool Emily , King Adam , Diehl Kathryn A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPigmentary uveitis (PU), also known as Golden Retriever Pigmentary Uveitis (GRPU), is a common ocular condition of Golden Retrievers that has severe, vision‐threatening ocular complications and can require surgical intervention. In order to ensure consistency in the diagnosis of GRPU between examiners, a specified set of diagnostic criteria must be applied. This is critical to ensure owners, breeders, and veterinary ophthalmologists maintain confidence in the ocular certification process. Therefore, current and former members of the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists’ Genetics Committee came together to draft this Viewpoint Article on the challenges of diagnosis and treatment of Golden Retriever Pigmentary Uveitis for veterinary ophthalmologists, Golden Retriever owners, and Golden Retriever breeders.
St. Lucia Creole English and Dominica Creole English
Authors: Irvine Melissa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper provides a comparative sketch of two emergent creoles: St. Lucia Creole English and Dominica Creole English. With very similar circumstances surrounding their formation and emergence, it is expected that they will have many features in common. While this is generally the case, however, this paper also outlines some areas in which their grammars diverge. This research represents original data for varieties that are somewhat under‐documented and calls for further data collection and fieldwork to confirm the patterns found here.
Acute Consumption of Varied Doses of Cocoa Flavanols Does Not Influence Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage
Authors: Corr Liam D. , Field Adam , Pufal Deborah , Killey Jenny , Clifford Tom , Harper Liam D. , Naughton Robert J. 
Published: July 2020

Polyphenol consumption has become a popular method of trying to temper muscle damage. Cocoa flavanols (CF) have attracted attention due to their high polyphenol content and palatability. As such, this study will investigate whether an acute dose of CF can aid recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage. The study was a laboratory-based, randomized, single-blind, nutrient-controlled trial involving 23 participants (13 females and 10 males). Participants were randomized into either control ∼0 mg CF (n = 8, four females); high dose of 830 mg CF (CF830, n = 8, five females); or supra dose of 1,245 mg CF (CF1245, n = 7, four females). The exercise-induced muscle damage protocol consisted of five sets of 10 maximal concentric/eccentric hamstring curls and immediately consumed their assigned drink following completion. To measure muscle recovery, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the knee flexors at 60° and 30°, a visual analog scale (VAS), and lower-extremity function scale were taken at baseline, immediately, 24-, 48-, and 72-hr postexercise-induced muscle damage. There was a main effect for time for all variables (p < .05). However, no significant differences were observed between groups for all measures (p ≥ .17). At 48 hr, there were large effect sizes between control and CF1245 for MVIC60 (p = .17, d = 0.8); MVIC30 (p = .26, d = 0.8); MVIC30 percentage change (p = .24 d = 0.9); and visual analog scale (p = .25, d = 0.9). As no significant differences were observed following the consumption of CF, there is reason to believe that CF offer no benefit for muscle recovery when ingested acutely.
Convergent Validity, Reliability, and Sensitivity of a Running Test to Monitor Neuromuscular Fatigue
Authors: Leduc Cédric , Tee Jason , Lacome Mathieu , Weakley Jonathon , Cheradame Jeremy , Ramirez Carlos , Jones Ben 
Published: July 2020

Purpose: To investigate the convergent validity, reliability, and sensitivity over a week of training of a standardized running test to measure neuromuscular fatigue. Methods: Twenty male rugby union players were recruited for the study, which took place during preseason. The standardized running test consisted of four 60-m runs paced at ~5 m·s−1 with 33 seconds of recovery between trials. Data from micromechanical electrical systems were used to calculate a running-load index (RLI), which was a ratio between the mechanical load and the speed performed during runs. RLI was calculated by using either the entire duration of the run or a constant-velocity period. For each type of calculation, either an individual directional or the sum of the 3 components of the accelerometer was used. A measure of leg stiffness was used to assess the convergent validity of the RLI. Results: Unclear to large relationships between leg stiffness and RLI were found (r ranged from −.20 to .62). Regarding reliability, small to moderate (.47–.86) standardized typical errors were found. The sensitivity analysis showed that the leg stiffness presented a very likely trivial change over the course of 1 week of training, whereas RLI showed very likely small to a most likely large change. Conclusions: This study showed that RLI is a practical method to measure neuromuscular fatigue. In addition, such a methodology aligns with the constraint of elite team-sport setup due to its ease of implementation in practice.
Colorectal cancer awareness and its predictors among adults aged 50–74 years attending primary healthcare in the State of Qatar: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-Dahshan Ayman , Chehab Mohamad , Bala Mohamed , Omer Mieaad , AlMohamed Omayma , Al-Kubaisi Noora , Selim Nagah 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThe current study aimed to assess the awareness of colorectal cancer (CRC) symptoms and risk factors among the at-risk population visiting the primary healthcare (PHC) centres in Qatar. The secondary objective was to assess the differences in awareness among population subgroups.DesignA cross-sectional study design was employed.SettingThe study was conducted across six PHC centres in Qatar.ParticipantsPatients, or their accompanying people, aged 50–74 years and Arabic or English speakers, were recruited from the main waiting areas of the selected PHC centres.Data collection and analysisParticipants were interviewed using the validated Bowel/Colorectal Cancer Awareness Measure questionnaire. A non-probability convenient sampling technique was applied to recruit participants. Descriptive and analytic statistics were used when appropriate. A multivariate linear regression model was constructed to identify the independent predictors of CRC awareness.ResultsThe study includes 448 participants (response rate=87%). The mean age of the participants was 58.48 years (SD ±6.37). The mean awareness score among the participants was 3.63/9 (SD ±2.7) for CRC symptoms and 5.43/11 (SD ±3.3) for CRC risk factors. The overall mean awareness score was 9.03/20 (SD ±5.5). Multivariate linear regression identified the female gender (2.52 (95% CI 1.15 to 3.88)), non-Qatari Arab (2.91 (95% CI 1.64 to 4.18)) or non-Arab nationalities (1.76 (95% CI 0.28 to 3.24)), and tertiary education (4.10 (95% CI 2.55 to 5.66)) as independent predictors of higher CRC awareness.ConclusionIn general, the awareness of CRC symptoms and risk factors was low among the at-risk population in Qatar. Specifically, the regression analysis showed men, Qataris, and those with no formal education had low awareness of CRC symptoms and risk factors. Such results emphasise the importance of tailoring future educational campaigns that are relevant, specific and appealing to such cohort.