bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollen dispersal, pollen immigration, mating and genetic diversity in restoration of the southern plains Banksia
Authors: Millar Melissa A , Coates David J , Byrne Margaret , Krauss Siegfried L , Williams Matthew R , Jonson Justin , Hopper Stephen D 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEvaluation of patterns of pollen dispersal, mating systems, population fitness, genetic diversity and differentiation in restoration and remnant plant populations can be useful in determining how well restoration activities have achieved their objectives. We used molecular tools to assess how well restoration objectives have been met for populations of Banksia media in the biodiversity hotspot of south-west Western Australia. We characterized patterns of pollen dispersal within, and pollen immigration into, two restoration populations. We compared mating system parameters, population fitness via seed weight, genetic diversity and genetic differentiation for restoration and associated reference remnant populations. Different patterns of pollen dispersal were revealed for two restoration sites that differed in floral display, spatial aggregation of founders and co-planted species. Proximity to remnant native vegetation was associated with enhanced immigration and more short-range pollen dispersal when other population variables were constant. Greater seed weights at remnant compared to restoration populations were not related to outcrossing rate. Equivalent mating system and genetic diversity parameters and low to moderate levels of genetic differentiation between restoration and remnant populations suggest pollinator services have been restored in genetically diverse restoration populations of local provenance B. media as early as four years from planting.
In vivo CRISPRa decreases seizures and rescues cognitive deficits in a rodent model of epilepsy
Authors: Colasante Gaia , Qiu Yichen , Massimino Luca , Di Berardino Claudia , Cornford Jonathan H , Snowball Albert , Weston Mikail , Jones Steffan P , Giannelli Serena , Lieb Andreas , Schorge Stephanie , Kullmann Dimitri M , Broccoli Vania , Lignani Gabriele 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Epilepsy is a major health burden, calling for new mechanistic insights and therapies. CRISPR-mediated gene editing shows promise to cure genetic pathologies, although hitherto it has mostly been applied ex vivo. Its translational potential for treating non-genetic pathologies is still unexplored. Furthermore, neurological diseases represent an important challenge for the application of CRISPR, because of the need in many cases to manipulate gene function of neurons in situ. A variant of CRISPR, CRISPRa, offers the possibility to modulate the expression of endogenous genes by directly targeting their promoters. We asked if this strategy can effectively treat acquired focal epilepsy, focusing on ion channels because their manipulation is known be effective in changing network hyperactivity and hypersynchronziation. We applied a doxycycline-inducible CRISPRa technology to increase the expression of the potassium channel gene Kcna1 (encoding Kv1.1) in mouse hippocampal excitatory neurons. CRISPRa-mediated Kv1.1 upregulation led to a substantial decrease in neuronal excitability. Continuous video-EEG telemetry showed that AAV9-mediated delivery of CRISPRa, upon doxycycline administration, decreased spontaneous generalized tonic-clonic seizures in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy, and rescued cognitive impairment and transcriptomic alterations associated with chronic epilepsy. The focal treatment minimizes concerns about off-target effects in other organs and brain areas. This study provides the proof-of-principle for a translational CRISPR-based approach to treat neurological diseases characterized by abnormal circuit excitability.
Global and Regional Development of the Human Cerebral Cortex: Molecular Architecture and Occupational Aptitudes
Authors: Shin Jean , Ma Shaojie , Hofer Edith , Patel Yash , Vosberg Daniel E , Tilley Steven , Roshchupkin Gennady V , Sousa André M M , Jian Xueqiu , Gottesman Rebecca , Mosley Thomas H , Fornage Myriam , Saba Yasaman , Pirpamer Lukas , Schmidt Reinhold , Schmidt Helena , Carrion-Castillo Amaia , Crivello Fabrice , Mazoyer Bernard , Bis Joshua C , Li Shuo , Yang Qiong , Luciano Michelle , Karama Sherif , Lewis Lindsay , Bastin Mark E , Harris Mathew A , Wardlaw Joanna M , Deary Ian E , Scholz Markus , Loeffler Markus , Witte A Veronica , Beyer Frauke , Villringer Arno , Armstrong Nicola J , Mather Karen A , Ames David , Jiang Jiyang , Kwok John B , Schofield Peter R , Thalamuthu Anbupalam , Trollor Julian N , Wright Margaret J , Brodaty Henry , Wen Wei , Sachdev Perminder S , Terzikhan Natalie , Evans Tavia E , Adams Hieab H H H , Ikram M Arfan , Frenzel Stefan , van der Auwera-Palitschka Sandra , Wittfeld Katharina , Bülow Robin , Grabe Hans Jörgen , Tzourio Christophe , Mishra Aniket , Maingault Sophie , Debette Stephanie , Gillespie Nathan A , Franz Carol E , Kremen William S , Ding Linda , Jahanshad Neda ,   the ENIGMA Consortium, Sestan Nenad , Pausova Zdenka , Seshadri Sudha , Paus Tomas ,   for the neuroCHARGE Working Group
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We have carried out meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (n = 23 784) of the first two principal components (PCs) that group together cortical regions with shared variance in their surface area. PC1 (global) captured variations of most regions, whereas PC2 (visual) was specific to the primary and secondary visual cortices. We identified a total of 18 (PC1) and 17 (PC2) independent loci, which were replicated in another 25 746 individuals. The loci of the global PC1 included those associated previously with intracranial volume and/or general cognitive function, such as MAPT and IGF2BP1. The loci of the visual PC2 included DAAM1, a key player in the planar-cell-polarity pathway. We then tested associations with occupational aptitudes and, as predicted, found that the global PC1 was associated with General Learning Ability, and the visual PC2 was associated with the Form Perception aptitude. These results suggest that interindividual variations in global and regional development of the human cerebral cortex (and its molecular architecture) cascade—albeit in a very limited manner—to behaviors as complex as the choice of one’s occupation.
Effectiveness of Trivalent and Quadrivalent Inactivated Vaccines Against Influenza B in the United States, 2011–2012 to 2016–2017
Authors: Gaglani Manjusha , Vasudevan Anupama , Raiyani Chandni , Murthy Kempapura , Chen Wencong , Reis Michael , Belongia Edward A , McLean Huong Q , Jackson Michael L , Jackson Lisa A , Zimmerman Richard K , Nowalk Mary Patricia , Monto Arnold S , Martin Emily T , Chung Jessie R , Spencer Sarah , Fry Alicia M , Flannery Brendan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Since 2013, quadrivalent influenza vaccines containing 2 B viruses gradually replaced trivalent vaccines in the United States. We compared the vaccine effectiveness of quadrivalent to trivalent inactivated vaccines (IIV4 to IIV3, respectively) against illness due to influenza B during the transition, when IIV4 use increased rapidly.

Methods
The US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness (Flu VE) Network analyzed 25 019 of 42 600 outpatients aged ≥6 months who enrolled within 7 days of illness onset during 6 seasons from 2011–2012. Upper respiratory specimens were tested for the influenza virus type and B lineage. Using logistic regression, we estimated IIV4 or IIV3 effectiveness by comparing the odds of an influenza B infection overall and the odds of B lineage among vaccinated versus unvaccinated participants. Over 4 seasons from 2013–2014, we compared the relative odds of an influenza B infection among IIV4 versus IIV3 recipients.

Results
Trivalent vaccines included the predominantly circulating B lineage in 4 of 6 seasons. During 4 influenza seasons when both IIV4 and IIV3 were widely used, the overall effectiveness against any influenza B was 53% (95% confidence interval [CI], 45–59) for IIV4 versus 45% (95% CI, 34–54) for IIV3. IIV4 was more effective than IIV3 against the B lineage not included in IIV3, but comparative effectiveness against illnesses related to any influenza B favored neither vaccine valency.

Conclusions
The uptake of quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines was not associated with increased protection against any influenza B illness, despite the higher effectiveness of quadrivalent vaccines against the added B virus lineage. Public health impact and cost-benefit analyses are needed globally.
An introduction to joint models—applications in nephrology
Authors: Chesnaye Nicholas C , Tripepi Giovanni , Dekker Friedo W , Zoccali Carmine , Zwinderman Aeilko H , Jager Kitty J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In nephrology, a great deal of information is measured repeatedly in patients over time, often alongside data on events of clinical interest. In this introductory article we discuss how these two types of data can be simultaneously analysed using the joint model (JM) framework, illustrated by clinical examples from nephrology. As classical survival analysis and linear mixed models form the two main components of the JM framework, we will also briefly revisit these techniques.
Relevance of stem and crown defects to estimate tree vigour in northern hardwood forests
Authors: Moreau Guillaume , Achim Alexis , Pothier David 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The visual assessment of tree vigour before partial cutting is a key element of the long-term sustainability of managed hardwood forests. Several classification systems have been developed and applied to perform this task during the tree marking process. They segregate trees in different vigour classes based on the presence and severity of stem and crown defects. Yet, the relevance of using these defects to assess tree vigour has rarely been empirically validated. In this study, we analysed the relationships between quantitative vigour indicators and a full range of individual defects using 336 sugar maple and 84 yellow birch trees. Among the tested defects, the tree crown density showed the best ability to identify slow growing, non-vigorous sugar maple trees, regardless of their size. However, none of the stem-related defects, such as bark aspect, the presence of cambial necrosis or conks and stromata were strongly related to our quantitative vigour indicators. For yellow birch, none of the stem defects and crown conditions were found to be related to our vigour indicators. We conclude that, pending longitudinal studies that will provide a full empirical validation of classification systems, crown density should be used to assess recent growth and vigour of sugar maple trees and guide tree marking.
Susceptibility and remanent magnetization inversion of magnetic data with a priori information of the Köenigsberger ratio
Authors: Liu Shuang , Hu Xiangyun , Zuo Boxin , Zhang Henglei , Geng Meixia , Ou Yang , Yang Tao , Vatankhah Saeed 
Published: January 2020

SUMMARY
Magnetic susceptibility and natural remanent magnetization of rocks are useful parameters to study geological structures and geodynamic processes. Traditional widely used algorithms for the inversion of magnetic data can recover the distribution of the apparent susceptibility or total magnetization intensity, but do not provide information on the remanent magnetization. In this paper, we propose a framework to directly invert for the magnetic susceptibility and the natural remanent magnetization vector using surface or airborne magnetic data, assuming that the Köenigsberger ratio of the rock is known or approximately deducible. The susceptibility and remanence are computed using two different approaches: (1) the susceptibility, intensity, and direction of the remanent magnetization are continuously recovered for each discretized cell and (2) the remanence direction is assumed to be uniform in each subzone and is iteratively computed as discrete values. Both processes are implemented using the preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm. The method is tested on three synthetic models and one field data set from the Zaohuohexi iron-ore deposit, Qinghai Province, northwest China. The results of the continuous inversion show the trend of the remanent magnetization directions, while the discrete inversion yields more specific values. This inversion framework can determine the source bodies’ geometry and position, and also provide superposed and comprehensive information on the natural remanent magnetization, which may be useful to investigate geological bodies bearing stable primary remanent magnetization.
Human papillomavirus infection associated with increased risk of new-onset psoriasis: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Chen Ming-Li , Kao Wei-Ming , Huang Jing-Yang , Hung Yao-Min , Wei James Cheng-Chung 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
This study investigated whether patients with a history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection are at increased risk of developing psoriasis.

Methods
We enrolled 66 274 patients with HPV infection between 1997 and 2013 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, and compared them with control individuals who had never been diagnosed with HPV infection (at a 1:4 ratio matched by age, sex and index year) in relation to the risk of developing psoriasis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with the control group as reference.

Results
The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) was 1.177 (95% CI, 1.010–1.373) after adjusting for demographic characteristics, comorbidities, dermatology-related outpatient visits and medications. The HPV group had an increased risk of psoriasis compared with the control group in all of the different age groups. The P-value for interaction between age and exposure of HPV is 0.009 in our sub-group analysis.

Conclusions
A higher risk of psoriasis was found after HPV infection, and age acted as an effect modifier between the HPV infection and risk of psoriasis.
Enhanced performance figures of solar cookers through latent heat storage and low-cost booster reflectors
Authors: Cuce Pinar Mert , Kolayli Sevgi , Cuce Erdem 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Solar box cookers draw attention of many researchers across the globe as a promising renewable energy application for cooking purposes. Compared to other types available in literature, solar box cookers are more in the centre of interest owing to their simple and low-cost design, emerging thermodynamic performance figures, high durability and reliable cooking processes without any risk of burning food. On the other hand, cooking power and overall thermal performance of solar box cookers are still somewhat challenging to compete with the conventional cooking systems for the climatic conditions with low solar radiation potential like the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Within the scope of this research, a novel solar box cooker is devised, fabricated and tested to overcome the said shortcomings of traditional solar box cookers through natural and recycled materials. Double-glazed structure having 16-mm-thick air between two 6-mm-thick thermally resistive clear glasses is considered for aperture glazing with an area of 0.16 m2. The oven area has a depth of 350 mm, and it is entirely painted matte black for maximum solar absorption. The oven body made of stainless steel sheets is encountered by a latent heat storage medium filled by natural beeswax product, waste of propolis. Propolis is a resinous mixture that is used for protection of beehives, from either climatic changes or diseases. Polyphenols rich in balsamic part of the structure is extracted by alcohol than used for many apitherapic purposes. The remaining pulp or waste is not considered. In this study, it is used as green chemistry agents. It is found that water temperature in the cooking pot is kept over 40°C till very late hours as a consequence of latent heat storage. First figure of merit is determined to be 0.08, and the thermal efficiency of the cooker varies from 7.47 to 4.54%.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Negative Men Who Have Sex With Men Have Higher CD8+ T-Cell Counts and Lower CD4+/CD8+ T-Cell Ratios Compared With HIV-Negative Heterosexual Men
Authors: Verboeket Sebastiaan O , Wit Ferdinand W , Verheij Eveline , van Zoest Rosan A , Kootstra Neeltje A , van der Valk Marc , Prins Jan M , Schim van der Loeff Maarten F , Reiss Peter ,   AGEhIV Study Group
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
We previously reported T-cell senescence to be similar in people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) with suppressed viremia (predominantly men who have sex with men [MSM]) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative otherwise comparable controls but greater than in healthy blood donors. This led us to compare CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts and CD4+/CD8+ ratios between HIV-negative MSM and men who only have sex with women (MSW) and relate observed differences in behavioral factors and infectious exposures, including cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.

Methods
In 368 HIV-negative MSM and 72 HIV-negative MSW, T lymphocyte phenotyping was performed 3 times biennially. Baseline CMV serology and sexually transmitted infection (STI) incidence and/or STI seroprevalence, sexual, and substance-use behavior data were collected during study visits.

Results
Men who have sex with men, compared with MSW, had higher CD8+ counts (551 vs 437 cells/mm3, P &lt; .001), similar CD4+ counts (864 vs 880 cells/mm3, P = .5), and lower CD4+/CD8+ ratios (1.84 vs 2.47, P &lt; .001). Differences were most pronounced for MSM with &gt;10 recent sex partners and partly explained by higher CMV seroprevalence in MSM.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that factors other than HIV may, in both PWH and certain HIV-negative MSM, contribute to a low CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Whether this, like in PWH, contributes to comorbidity risk in HIV-negative MSM requires further study.
Identified themes of interactive visualizations overlayed onto EHR data: an example of improving birth center operating room efficiency
Authors: Stirling Andrew , Tubb Tracy , Reiff Emily S , Grotegut Chad A , Gagnon Jennifer , Li Weiyi , Bradley Gail , Poon Eric G , Goldstein Benjamin A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective
While electronic health record (EHR) systems store copious amounts of patient data, aggregating those data across patients can be challenging. Visual analytic tools that integrate with EHR systems allow clinicians to gain better insight and understanding into clinical care and management. We report on our experience building Tableau-based visualizations and integrating them into our EHR system.

Materials and Methods
Visual analytic tools were created as part of 12 clinician-initiated quality improvement projects. We built the visual analytic tools in Tableau and linked it within our EPIC environment. We identified 5 visual themes that spanned the various projects. To illustrate these themes, we choose 1 exemplary project which aimed to improve obstetric operating room efficiency.

Results
Across our 12 projects, we identified 5 visual themes that are integral to project success: scheduling & optimization (in 11/12 projects); provider assessment (10/12); executive assessment (8/12); patient outcomes (7/12); and control and goal charts (2/12).

Discussion
Many visualizations share common themes. Identification of these themes has allowed our internal team to be more efficient and directed in developing visualizations for future projects.

Conclusion
Organizing visual analytics into themes can allow informatics teams to more efficiently provide visual products to clinical collaborators.
Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry to Assess Essential and Performance-Enhancing Metals in the Urine of Racehorses
Authors: Karakka Kal Abdul Khader , Perwad Zubair , K Karatt Tajudheen , Nalakath Jahfar , Subhahar Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecently, an increased tendency to use various metals has been observed in the sports competition fields. Many of these metals and their organic complexes reportedly have good pharmacologic, therapeutic and performance-enhancement uses; they are banned or recommended as controlled medications in competitive sports. The objective of this research was to determine the concentration of pharmacologically relevant metals in urine samples collected from racehorses at various sport events, develop a method and assess the concentrations of above metals using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Seven alkali–alkaline earth metals (lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium) and six heavy metals (chromium, cobalt, copper, zinc, arsenic and selenium) were studied in detail. To compare and confirm the concentrations of these metals, the screening was carried out on the basis of region and sex of the animal. ICP-MS provides extremely high sensitivity that enables the determination of the metals at very low concentration from complex biological matrices. From the research, it is clear that irrespective of sex and region the concentration of metal is very high in some samples, might be accidental or intentional doping to improve sporting performances. This research work is of significant importance in setting threshold values for screening metals in race day samples in order to avoid potential harmful effects on athletes and the depth of malpractices, it can bring to sports.
Gender Disparities Among Burn Surgery Leadership
Authors: Konanur Anisha , Egro Francesco M , Kettering Caroline E , Smith Brandon T , Corcos Alain C , Stofman Guy M , Ziembicki Jenny A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Gender disparities have been described in the plastic surgery and general surgery literature, but no data have been reported in burn surgery. The aim of this study is to determine gender disparities among burn surgery leadership. A cross-sectional study was performed. Burn surgeons included were directors of American Burn Association (ABA)-verified burn centers, past presidents of the ABA, and International Society for Burn Injuries (ISBI), and editors of the Journal of Burn Care & Research, Burns, Burns & Trauma, Annals of Burns & Fire Disasters, and the International Journal of Burns and Trauma. Training, age, H-index, and academic level and leadership position were compared among surgeons identified. Among the 69 ABA and ISBI past presidents, 203 burn journals’ editorial board members, and 71 burn unit directors, females represented only 2.9%, 10.5%, and 17%, respectively. Among burn unit directors, females completed fellowship training more recently than males (female = 2006, male = 1999, P &lt; .02), have lower H-indexes (female = 8.6, male = 17.3, P = .03), and are less represented as full professors (female = 8.3%, male = 42.4%, P = .026). There were no differences in age, residency, research fellowship, or number of fellowships. Gender disparities exist in burn surgery and are highlighted at the leadership level, even though female surgeons have a similar age, residency training, and other background factors. However, gender diversity in burn surgery may improve as females in junior faculty positions advance in their careers.