bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of two different models of rehabilitation programs following total knee replacement operations
Authors: Zaghlol Rabab S. , Khalil Sahar S. , Attia Ahmed M. , Dawa Ghada A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Total knee replacement operation (TKR) is the treatment of choice in severe knee osteoarthritis (OA). Rehabilitation post-TKR is still not well studied. The aim of this study was to compare between the high-intensity (HI) rehabilitation program and the low-intensity (LI) rehabilitation program following TKR.

Results
At 1 month following the TKR operations, significant improvements were found in the first group compared to the second group in all the measured parameters except for the knee range of motion (ROM). At 3 and 12 months follow-up periods, there were statistically significant differences between both groups in all the evaluated parameters except for the numeric pain rating scale and the knee ROM.

Conclusions
Both high-intensity and low-intensity rehabilitation programs are effective; however, HI program had superior functional gain and patient-reported outcomes compared to the LI program. Moreover, HI group has a long-term functional gain.
Relative Impact of Anticancer Therapy on Unplanned Hospital Care in Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shah Manan P. , Neal Joel W. 
Published: December 2020

PURPOSE: In lung cancer, unplanned hospital care is a significant driver of costs. While toxicities of cancer therapies are well-known, there are little data on their relative contribution to unplanned care. This study aims to (1) determine the relative impact of tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, and cytotoxic chemotherapy on unplanned hospital care and (2) identify potential strategies to prevent unplanned hospital encounters in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: A research database search of the electronic health record was used to identify 97 patients with established NSCLC who were undergoing either TKI therapy, immunotherapy, or chemotherapy at our institution and visited our emergency department (ED) in 2018. The resulting 173 ED encounters were reviewed to determine (1) the cause (cancer, therapy, other, or rule-out) of each encounter and (2) whether the encounter was preventable. RESULTS: A small portion (9%) of all unplanned hospital encounters were therapy related (2% in the TKI therapy group, 12% in the immunotherapy group, and 21% in the chemotherapy group). Cancer itself was the leading cause (54%) of the encounters. Over 20% of all encounters were classified as preventable, and half of those encounters were deemed unnecessary. DISCUSSION: TKI therapy, immunotherapy, and, to a lesser extent, chemotherapy are relatively small drivers of unplanned acute hospital care for patients with NSCLC. A significant share of unplanned hospital encounters may be prevented through proactive evidence-based initiatives.
Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the Chinese Population via Advanced Machine Learning
Authors: Wu Yan-Ting , Zhang Chen-Jie , Mol Ben Willem , Kawai Andrew , Li Cheng , Chen Lei , Wang Yu , Sheng Jian-Zhong , Fan Jian-Xia , Shi Yi , Huang He-Feng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Context
Accurate methods for early gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (during the first trimester of pregnancy) prediction in Chinese and other populations are lacking.

Objectives
This work aimed to establish effective models to predict early GDM.

Methods
Pregnancy data for 73 variables during the first trimester were extracted from the electronic medical record system. Based on a machine learning (ML)-driven feature selection method, 17 variables were selected for early GDM prediction. To facilitate clinical application, 7 variables were selected from the 17-variable panel. Advanced ML approaches were then employed using the 7-variable data set and the 73-variable data set to build models predicting early GDM for different situations, respectively.

Results
A total of 16 819 and 14 992 cases were included in the training and testing sets, respectively. Using 73 variables, the deep neural network model achieved high discriminative power, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.80. The 7-variable logistic regression (LR) model also achieved effective discriminate power (AUC = 0.77). Low body mass index (BMI) (≤ 17) was related to an increased risk of GDM, compared to a BMI in the range of 17 to 18 (minimum risk interval) (11.8% vs 8.7%, P = .09). Total 3,3,5′-triiodothyronine (T3) and total thyroxin (T4) were superior to free T3 and free T4 in predicting GDM. Lipoprotein(a) was demonstrated a promising predictive value (AUC = 0.66).

Conclusions
We employed ML models that achieved high accuracy in predicting GDM in early pregnancy. A clinically cost-effective 7-variable LR model was simultaneously developed. The relationship of GDM with thyroxine and BMI was investigated in the Chinese population.
TGF-β Signaling in Pancreatic Islet β Cell Development and Function
Authors: Lee Ji-Hyun , Lee Ji-Hyeon , Rane Sushil G 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Pancreatic islet beta cells (β-cells) synthesize and secrete insulin in response to rising glucose levels and thus are a prime target in both major forms of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes ensues due to autoimmune destruction of β-cells. On the other hand, the prevailing insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D) elicits a compensatory response from β-cells that involves increases in β-cell mass and function. However, the sustained metabolic stress results in β-cell failure, characterized by severe β-cell dysfunction and loss of β-cell mass. Dynamic changes to β-cell mass also occur during pancreatic development that involves extensive growth and morphogenesis. These orchestrated events are triggered by multiple signaling pathways, including those representing the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily. TGF-β pathway ligands play important roles during endocrine pancreas development, β-cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Furthermore, new findings are suggestive of TGF-β’s role in regulation of adult β-cell mass and function. Collectively, these findings support the therapeutic utility of targeting TGF-β in diabetes. Summarizing the role of the various TGF-β pathway ligands in β-cell development, growth and function in normal physiology, and during diabetes pathogenesis is the topic of this mini-review.
Aggregation/disaggregation as a theoretical tool
Authors: Marek Ivo 
Published: December 2020

The main aim of this contribution is to establish convergence of some iterative procedures that play an important role in the PageRank computation. The problems we are interested in are considered in two recent papers by Ipsen and Selee, and Lee, Golub andZenios. Both these papers present new ideas to solve the celebrated problem of the PageRank. Our aim is to show that the results and some generalizations of them can be proven via an application of the iterative aggregation/disaggregation methods. One of the results may be of particular interest. It concerns a proof that the two-stage algorithm proposed by Lee, Golub and Zenios does compute the PageRank. This problem has been raised in the literature. We answer this question in positive by showing appropriate necessary and sufficient conditions. In addition a short proof of the celebrated Google lemma is presented.
LGR5 in Barrett's Esophagus and its Utility in Predicting Patients at Increased Risk of Advanced Neoplasia
Authors: Neyaz Azfar , Odze Robert D. , Rickelt Steffen , Nieman Linda T. , Bledsoe Jacob R. , Mahadevan Krishnan K. , Arora Kshitij , Jeck William R. , Taylor Martin S. , Gala Manish , Patil Deepa T. , Yilmaz Omer H. , Rivera Miguel N. , Ting David T. , Deshpande Vikram 
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION:
The expression of LGR5, a known stem cell marker, is poorly understood in Barrett's esophagus (BE) and related neoplasia. The aim of this study was to evaluate LGR5 in BE and related neoplasia and to evaluate its utility as a potential biomarker of progression to advanced neoplasia.

METHODS:
We evaluated total 137 patients, including 119 with BE and 18 with normal gastroesophageal mucosa for expression of LGR5 using RNA in situ hybridization; this also included 28 progressors and 30 nonprogressors. The LGR5 stain was evaluated using 1 qualitative and 2 quantitative parameters, using manual and automated platforms.

RESULTS:
Surface LGR5 expression was mainly seen in high-grade dysplasia (12/18) compared with low-grade dysplasia (1/8) and nondysplastic BE (0/17) (P < 0.0001). In contrast to nondysplastic BE, low- and high-grade dysplasia showed a higher percentage of mean number of LGR5-positive crypts per patient (P < 0.0001) and an increase in the mean number of LGR5 transcripts per cell (P < 0.0001). The mean percentage of LGR5-positive crypts per patient and the mean number of LGR5 transcripts per cell were also significantly higher in nondysplastic BE from progressor compared with nonprogressor (P < 0.0001, P = 0.014). The sensitivity and specificity of LGR5 for distinguishing progressor from nonprogressor were 50% and 87%, respectively.

DISCUSSION:
BE-related advanced neoplasia shows an expansion of the LGR5-positive cellular compartment, supporting its role as a stem cell marker in this disease. Quantitative LGR5 expression and surface epithelial reactivity are novel biomarkers of increased risk of progression to advanced neoplasia in BE.
Evaluación del papel de diversos biomarcadores en el desarrollo de eventos cardiovasculares adversos mayores en pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardíaca
Authors: Imperiali Claudia E. , Lopez-Delgado Juan C. , Dastis-Arias Macarena , Sanchez-Navarro Lourdes 
Published: December 2020

ResumenObjetivosAunque los eventos cardiovasculares adversos mayores (MACE) son frecuentes en el postoperatorio de la cirugía cardíaca (CC), no se suele evaluar el riesgo de desarrollarlos. Analizamos una serie de biomarcadores postoperatorios potencialmente relacionados con el desarrollo de MACE durante el postoperatorio de CC.MétodosSe incluyeron 210 pacientes de CC. Se consideraron MACE el infarto agudo de miocardio, fallo cardíaco, ictus durante el ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, y mortalidad a los 30 días tras la CC. Se midieron la troponina T de alta sensibilidad (hs-TnT), proteína C reactiva (PCR), procalcitonina (PCT), interleucina 6 (IL-6) en plasma y la fracción de plaquetas inmaduras (IPF) en sangre al ingreso en la UCI y a las 24 h. Se calculó la diferencia entre ambas medidas (Δ) para evaluar la relación entre estos biomarcadores y MACE. Los pacientes con infección inmediata tras la CC (n=13) fueron excluidos del análisis final.ResultadosLas intervenciones más frecuentes fueron la cirugía univalvular (n=83; 38%) y la cirugía de revascularización coronaria (n=72; 34%). Se diagnosticaron MACE postoperatorios en 31 (14.8%) pacientes. Los pacientes con MACE mostraron una elevación de biomarcadores a las 24 h con respecto al ingreso en la UCI. Se observó una relación independiente entre ΔIPF (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.110–1.960; p=0.008) y Δhs-TnT (OR: 1.001; 95% CI: 1.0002–1.001; p=0.008) y los MACE.ConclusionesLas concentraciones postoperatorias de ΔIPF y Δhs-TnT pueden ser útiles para identificar a pacientes con riesgo de desarrollar MACE.
An improvement to the John-Nirenberg inequality for functions in critical Sobolev spaces
Authors: Martínez Ángel D. , Spector Daniel 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is known that functions in a Sobolev space with critical exponent embed into the space of functions of bounded mean oscillation, and therefore satisfy the John-Nirenberg inequality and a corresponding exponential integrability estimate. While these inequalities are optimal for general functions of bounded mean oscillation, the main result of this paper is an improvement for functions in a class of critical Sobolev spaces. Precisely, we prove the inequality

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(Ω) is a Lorentz space with q ∈ (1,∞], q' = q/(q − 1) is the Hölder conjugate to q, and Iαf denotes the Riesz potential of f of order α ∈ (0, N).
Experimental and numerical investigations of fracture and fatigue behaviour of implant-supported bars with distal extension made of three different materials
Authors: Mochalski Jennifer , Fröhls Christian , Keilig Ludger , Bourauel Christoph , Dörsam Istabrak 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate experimentally the fatigue and stability of three bar materials with distal extension at the molar region and to numerically analyse the biomechanical properties of the bar materials connected to overdentures in a patient individual model. A milled bar was designed for the mandible on four implants in the canine and second premolar region. Three bar materials were investigated: titanium (Ti), cobalt chromium (CoCr), and polyetherketonketon (PEKK). Firstly, static and fatigue tests were performed based on EN ISO 14801 in a commercial permanent loading set-up. Unilateral axial force was applied on the distal extension of the bars. Secondly, numerical models were created. Different bar materials and loading scenarios were analysed. The static fracture limit of the three materials was 1,750 N, 780 N, 310 N for Ti, CoCr, and PEKK, respectively. The Wöhler curves showed comparable fatigue limits of 200 N, 160 N, and 150 N for titanium, CoCr, and PEKK, respectively. The stress at the distal extension was 2,600 MPa (Ti), 1,000 MPa (CoCr), and 270 MPa (PEKK). All loading simulations with the PEKK bar showed higher stresses in the implants and in the bone bed as well as higher displacements of the over denture in comparison to metal bars. PEKK showed different mechanical behaviour compared to Ti and CoCr. The distribution of stresses within the PEKK bar was wider than the area of loading which probably leads to fatigue of the whole bar and not only the part under load.
Using automated methods to explore the social stratification of anglicisms in Spanish
Authors: Serigos Jacqueline 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTraditionally, automated methods for loanword detection have not received an abundance of attention within the field of language contact. However, as research on loanwords has begun utilizing corpora with word counts in the millions, these generous quantities of data pose challenges for traditional methods of linguistic annotation. This paper presents a method for automatically detecting anglicisms within Spanish text and presents a case study, applying this method to explore the social stratification of anglicisms in Argentine media. The findings of the case study suggest that anglicisms may function as prestige markers in Argentina, which may be a logical consequence of the mode of contact: those of upper socio-economic status have greater access to outlets where loanwords seem to emerge, such as the media, Internet, and second language education.
Metaphors in the flesh: Metaphorical pantomimes in sports celebrations
Authors: Gibbs Raymond W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhen athletes make significant plays in sporting competitions, such as scoring a goal in soccer, a touchdown in American football, they often immediately express their joy by performing some bodily action for others to see and understand. Many sports celebrations are staged pantomimes that express metaphorical meanings as a part of athletes’ pretending to perform certainsource-path-goalsequences of action from other competitive events.This article examines the possible metaphoricity in different sports celebrations and whether casual observers may understand these actions as conveying metaphorical messages. Studies 1 and 3 present analyses of some of the important, possibly metaphorical, characteristics of a corpus of sports celebrations, both those that are performed by individual athletes (Study 1) and those where several athletes jointly enact some celebratory action (Study 3). Studies 2 (individual athletes) and 4 (group performances) investigated whether casual spectators interpret some celebrations as conveying metaphorical messages beyond simply expressing an athlete’s positive emotions. These studies demonstrate that many sports celebrations express metaphorical meanings where athletes provide bodily commentary on the significance of what they have just accomplished.
Control flow based cost analysis for P4
Authors: Lukács Dániel , Pongrácz Gergely , Tejfel Máté 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe networking industry is currently undergoing a steady trend of softwarization. Yet, network engineers suffer from the lack of software development tools that support programming of new protocols. We are creating a cost analysis tool for the P4 programming language, that automatically verifies whether the developed program meets soft deadline requirements imposed by the network. In this paper, we present an approach to estimate the average execution time of P4 program based on control flow graphs. Our approach takes into consideration that many of the parts of P4 are implementation-defined: required information can be added in through incremental refinement, while missing information is handled by falling back to less precise defaults. We illustrate application of this approach to a P4 protocol in two case studies: we use it to examine the effect of a compiler optimization in the deparse stage, and to show how it enables cost modelling complex lookup table implementations. Finally, we assess future research tasks to be completed before the tool is ready for real-world usage.
Teaching chemistry with LEGO® bricks
Authors: Horikoshi Ryo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Teachers are developing unique teaching aids to attract students to the field of chemistry. Ideal teaching aids are tools that students can enjoy utilizing, reutilizing, and which can be constructed without employing special tools. LEGO®-based teaching aids satisfy all these requirements. Chemistry teachers have employed bricks to illustrate basic chemical concepts. Moreover, LEGO-based chemistry teaching aids have been vigorously reported by Campbell and coworkers since the late 1990s and are still being persistently reported by several groups. The focus of this review is the applications of LEGO bricks in teaching chemistry. This review describes LEGO-based teaching aids that are easily constructed and may be beneficial to readers, in terms of creating new teaching aids. Since LEGO bricks possess varieties of shapes and colors, they can be employed to design various teaching aids, including periodic tables, molecular models, polymer structure models, and frameworks for handmade measuring instruments. The polymeric structure models are generally difficult to build with typical ball-and-stick type molecular models; however, they can be easily built, employing LEGO bricks. The bricks are suitable for the construction of handmade measuring instruments because of their versatility and computer interface, as well as their non-requirement of special tools.
Hinter das Bewusstsein zurück
Authors: Zimmermann Stephan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe state of recent as well as older research on social ontology suggests a paradigmatic approach, according to which it is our consciousness that must provide the framework for conceptualising the social. I, however, argue that Wittgenstein’s treatment of rule-following opens up a new horizon for the ontology of the social. The fact that the rules of our language are social in nature and that we need not be aware of them in order to follow them shifts the problem to what lies behind consciousness. The ontological conceptualisation of the social must focus on our implicit knowledge instead, which is always an enabling condition for our consciousness: for we share some of this implicit knowledge with others, as can be seen from Wittgenstein and the case of language.
Disease mapping models for data with weak spatial dependence or spatial discontinuities
Authors: Baptista Helena , Congdon Peter , Mendes Jorge M. , Rodrigues Ana M. , Canhão Helena , Dias Sara S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRecent advances in the spatial epidemiology literature have extended traditional approaches by including determinant disease factors that allow for non-local smoothing and/or non-spatial smoothing. In this article, two of those approaches are compared and are further extended to areas of high interest from the public health perspective. These are a conditionally specified Gaussian random field model, using a similarity-based non-spatial weight matrix to facilitate non-spatial smoothing in Bayesian disease mapping; and a spatially adaptive conditional autoregressive prior model. The methods are specially design to handle cases when there is no evidence of positive spatial correlation or the appropriate mix between local and global smoothing is not constant across the region being study. Both approaches proposed in this article are producing results consistent with the published knowledge, and are increasing the accuracy to clearly determine areas of high- or low-risk.
A comparison of cause-specific and competing risk models to assess risk factors for dementia
Authors: Waller Michael , Mishra Gita D. , Dobson Annette J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The study of dementia risk factors is complicated by the competing risk of dying. The standard approaches are the cause-specific Cox proportional hazard model with deaths treated as censoring events (and removed from the risk set) and the Fine and Gray sub-distribution hazard model in which those who die remain in the risk set. An alternative approach is to modify the risk set between these extremes. We propose a novel method of doing this based on estimating the time at which the person might have been diagnosed if they had not died using a parametric survival model, and then applying the cause-specific and Fine and Gray models to the modified dataset. We compare these methods using data on dementia from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health and discuss the assumptions and limitations of each model. The results from survival models to assess risk factors for dementia varied considerably between the cause-specific model and the models designed to account for competing risks. Therefore, when assessing risk factors in the presence of competing risks it is important to examine results from: the cause-specific model, different models which account for competing risks, and the model which assesses risk factors associated with the competing risk.
Doubt every crisis! Klimawandelleugnung in Zeiten der Pandemie
Authors: Radtke Jörg , Drewing Emily , Zorn Jenny , Schreurs Miranda 
Published: December 2020

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag widmet sich dem Phänomen der Klimawandelleugnung sowie der Kritik an Klimaschutz-Politiken und Maßnahmen zur Bewältigung der Corona-Pandemie, welche in jüngster Zeit immer stärker zunehmen. Es zeigen sich Parallelen zwischen den Teilnehmer*innen der „Corona-Demonstrationen“ und Klimawandelleugner*innen – etwa die Nichtanerkennung wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse und die Bezugnahmen auf sowie Verbreitung von Verschwörungstheorien. So können Ergebnisse zu Klimawandelleugner*innen, die bereits gut beforscht sind, auch für die Analyse und Einordnung der Denkmuster und Strategien der gegen die Maßnahmen zur Pandemie-Bewältigung Demonstrierenden in Wissenschaft und Praxis aufschlussreich sein. Der Beitrag beleuchtet, was Klimawandelleugner*innen und ihre Kommunikationspraktiken auszeichnet. Auf dieser Grundlage werden Überlegungen für den Umgang mit Menschen vorgestellt, die Wissenschaft und Politik hinsichtlich der Einschätzung und adäquaten Adressierung von Krisen misstrauen.