bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors for cognitive impairment in adult epileptic patients
Authors: Wang Lei , Chen Shenggen , Liu Changyun , Lin Wanhui , Huang Huapin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze factors for cognitive impairment in epileptic patients.MethodsA total of 257 epileptic patients completed clinical memory scale (CMS) and 70 of them were further surveyed with mini‐mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), digital symbol test (DSy), verbal fluency test, digit span test (DSp), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and Hamilton depression scale (HAMD). Monadic linear related analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis were performed to evaluate the potential factors for cognitive impairment.ResultsEducational level was correlated with scores of cognitive tests (p < .01), with a difference between the junior high school group and senior high school group (p < .01 or p < .05). Seizure frequency was negatively correlated with CMS scores (p < .01), with a difference between the group with a seizure frequency of less than once a year and other groups (p < .01). The kind of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) was negatively correlated with CMS scores (p < .01), with a difference between the single‐drug group and the group taking more than two kinds of AEDs (p < .01). Depression scores were negatively correlated with MMSE, MoCA, DSy, DSp (p < .01 or p < .05), disease duration negatively with DSy (p < .01), and age negatively with MoCA (p < .05). Seizure type was correlated with DSy, and general seizure fared worse in the tests than other seizure types (p < .05).ConclusionEducational level, seizure frequency, kinds of AEDs and depression can affect the cognitive function of epileptic patients. High educational level, good seizure control, single‐drug treatment and healthy psychological state are protective factors for cognitive function of epileptic patients.
Impact of Phosphorothioate Chirality on Double‐Stranded siRNAs: A Systematic Evaluation of Stereopure siRNA Designs
Authors: Sakamuri Sukumar , Eltepu Laxman , Liu Dingguo , Lam Son , Meade Bryan R. , Liu Bin , Dello Iacono Giuseppe , Kabakibi Ayman , Luukkonen Lena , Leedom Tom , Foster Mark , Bradshaw Curt W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOligonucleotides are important therapeutic approaches, as evidenced by recent clinical successes with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and double‐stranded short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Phosphorothioate (PS) modifications are a standard feature in the current generation of oligonucleotide therapeutics, but generate isomeric mixtures, leading to 2n isomers. All currently marketed therapeutic oligonucleotides (ASOs and siRNAs) are complex isomeric mixtures. Recent chemical methodologies for stereopure PS insertions have resulted in preliminary rules for ASOs, with multiple stereopure ASOs moving into clinical development. Although siRNAs have comparatively fewer PSs, the field has yet to embrace the idea of stereopure siRNAs. Herein, it has been investigated whether the individual isomers contribute equally to the in vivo activity of a representative siRNA. The results of a systematic evaluation of stereopure PS incorporation into antithrombin‐3 (AT3) siRNA are reported and demonstrate that individual PS isomers dramatically affect in vivo activity. A standard siRNA design with six PS insertions was investigated and it was found that only about 10 % of the 64 possible isomers were as efficacious as the stereorandom control. Based on this data, it can be concluded that G1R stereochemistry is critical, G2R is important, G21S is preferable, and G22 and P1/P2 tolerate both isomers. Surprisingly, the disproportionate loss of efficacy for most isomers does not translate into significant gain for the productive isomers, and thus, warrants further mechanistic studies.
Influence of heat denaturation and freezing–lyophilization on physicochemical and functional properties of quinoa protein isolate
Authors: Cerdán‐Leal Martín A. , López‐Alarcón Cyndy A. , Ortiz‐Basurto Rosa I. , Luna‐Solano Guadalupe , Jiménez‐Fernández Maribel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgrounds and objectivesQuinoa protein isolate has been shown to confer significant health benefits. However, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of processing on its properties. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of heat denaturation or freezing followed by lyophilization on the physicochemical and functional properties of the quinoa protein isolate.FindingsFreezing–lyophilization of quinoa protein isolate (QPI‐FL) exhibited a higher foaming capacity and emulsifying capacity at pH 10, and the oil retention capacity was ten times greater that exhibited by the unmodified quinoa protein isolate (QPI), while the particle size and water and oil retention capacity in the modified protein isolate by heat denaturation (QPI‐HD) were twice as compared to QPI. The pH had a significant effect on all physicochemical and functional properties. The flow properties and the micrograph analysis of modified protein isolates revealed greater porosity in comparison with those of the unmodified protein isolate. QPI‐FL showed higher water adsorption capacity at high water activity and a greater displacement in the thermal transitions.ConclusionsIn general, heating did not significantly affect the functional properties of the quinoa protein isolate, while the freezing–lyophilization improved them, which may be of interest in the processes of foods that include in their process the heating or freezing.Significance and noveltyQuinoa protein isolate can be added to different food products with the purpose of improving its composition. However, heating and freezing are two frequent operations in most processes that could affect their properties.
Infective dermatitis‐like lesions as a novel skin manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Raynal Margot , Frumholtz Laure , Galicier Lionel , Saussine Anne , Vignon‐Pennamen Marie‐Dominique , Battistella Maxime , Bagot Martine , Rybojad Michel , Bouaziz Jean‐David 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe describe a unique case of human T‐lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV‐1)‐associated infective dermatitis‐like lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus. This suggests that some lupus patients may have immunological abnormalities resembling to those described in chronic HTLV‐1 infection.
Personality, ideology, and money attitudes as correlates of financial literacy and competence
Authors: Fenton‐O'Creevy Mark , Furnham Adrian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis study looked at whether demographics, religious beliefs, political orientation, personality traits, and money attitudes are correlates of financial capability, knowledge and distress. Over 3,500 British participants completed multiple measures online. As hypothesized, demographics, religious beliefs, political orientation, personality traits, and money attitudes each explained unique variance in financial capability, financial knowledge, and financial distress. Regression and correlational results showed demographic factors particularly age, education, and income were significantly related to all criteria variables. Money attitudes explained additional variance in financial capability and distress beyond that explained by demography, ideology, and personality. Trait conscientiousness, money as security attitude, age, and income were most strongly correlated with financial capability and financial distress.
Conversion from Heterometallic to Homometallic Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Song Jeong Hwa , Lee Giseong , Yoon Jung Heum , Jang Junyeon , Choi Doosan , Yun Heejun , Kwon Kangin , Kim Hojin , Hong Chang Seop , Kim Youngki , Han Hogyu , Lim Kwang Soo , Lee Woo Ram 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTwo new heterometallic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), LnZnTPO 1 and 2, and two homometallic MOFs, LnTPO 3 and 4 (Ln=Eu for 1 and 3, and Tb for 2 and 4; H3TPO=tris(4‐carboxyphenyl)phosphine oxide) were synthesized, and their structures and properties were analyzed. They were prepared by solvothermal reaction of the C3‐symmetric ligand H3TPO with the corresponding metal ion(s) (a mixture of Ln3+ and Zn2+ for 1 and 2, and Ln3+ alone for 3 and 4). Single‐crystal XRD (SXRD) analysis revealed that 1 and 3 are isostructural to 2 and 4, respectively. TGA showed that the framework is thermally stable up to about 400 °C for 1 and 2, and about 450 °C for 3 and 4. PXRD analysis showed their pore‐structure distortions without noticeable framework–structure changes during drying processes. The shapes of gas sorption isotherms for 1 and 3 are almost identical to those for 2 and 4, respectively. Solvothermal immersion of 1 and 2 in Tb3+ and Eu3+ solutions resulted in the framework metal‐ion exchange affording 4 and 3, respectively, as confirmed by photoluminescence (PL), PXRD, IR, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analyses.
Copper‐Mediated Fluorination of Aryl Trisiloxanes with Nucleophilic Fluoride
Authors: Dorel Ruth , Boehm Philip , Schwinger Daniel P. , Hartwig John F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA method for the nucleophilic fluorination of heptamethyl aryl trisiloxanes to form fluoroarenes is reported. The reaction proceeds in the presence of Cu(OTf)2 and KHF2 as the fluoride source under mild conditions for a broad range of heptamethyltrisiloxyarenes with high functional group tolerance. The combination of this method with the silylation of aryl C−H bonds enables the regioselective fluorination of non‐activated arenes controlled by steric effects following a two‐step protocol.
The “Metallo”‐Diels–Alder Reactions: Examining the Metalloid Behavior of Germanimines
Authors: Evans Matthew J. , Anker Mathew D. , Mouchfiq Ahmed , Lein Matthias , Fulton J. Robin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAddition of MesN3 (Mes=2,4,6‐Me3C6H2) to germylene [(NONtBu)Ge] (NONtBu=O(SiMe2NtBu)2) (1) gives germanimine, [(NONtBu)Ge=NMes] (2). Compound 2 behaves as a metalloid, showing reactivity reminiscent of both transition metal‐imido complexes, undergoing [2+2] addition with heterocumulenes and protic sources, as well as an activated diene, undergoing a [4+2] cycloaddition, or “metallo”‐Diels–Alder, reaction. In the latter case, the diene includes the Ge=N bond and π‐system of the Mes substituent, which is reactive towards dienophiles including benzaldehyde, benzophenone, styrene, and phenylacetylene.
Dithienopyrrole Derivatives with Nitronyl Nitroxide Radicals and Their Oxidation to Cationic High‐Spin Molecules
Authors: Kolanji Kubandiran , Baumgarten Martin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThree 1 N‐phenyl nitronyl nitroxide (NN) 4‐substituted dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrole (DTP) derivatives with R1=4‐phenyl‐, 4H‐, and 4‐methylthiothiophenyl‐ (R12DTP‐Ph‐NN, R1=H, Ph and MeSTh) were designed, synthesized and characterized. The electrochemical properties were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV). All the molecules exhibited two main oxidation peaks, first for radical cation and next for dication formation. The cation and dication formation were also confirmed by UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy for Ph2DTP‐Ph‐NN and MeSTh2DTP‐Ph‐NN titrated with tris(4‐bromophenyl)aminiumhexachloroantimonate (magic blue). In addition, the cation and dication formation were verified by EPR spectroscopy. Finally, the exchange interactions (J/kB) of NN and radical cation were calculated by DFT studies.
Highly Stereoselective Direct Construction of Diaryl‐Substituted Cyclobutanes†
Authors: Song Xiang‐Yang , Zhao Liu‐Peng , Wang Lijia , Tang Yong 
Published: December 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionA copper catalyzed stereoselective [2+2] cyclization has been developed, providing a concise protocol to the direct construction of diaryl‐substituted cyclobutanes in up to 99% yield with up to >95/5 dr. Meanwhile, the enantioselective version of this reaction has also been achieved, leading to a series of optically active diaryl‐substituted cyclobutanes with up to 94% ee.
Encapsulation‐Controlled Photoisomerization of a Styryl Derivative: Stereoselective Formation of the Anti Z‐Isomer in the Cucurbit[7]uril Cavity
Authors: Chernikova Ekaterina Y. , Berdnikova Daria V. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Fedorova Olga A. , Fedorov Yuri V. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe photochemical isomerization of a styrylpyridinium dye (SP) bearing an unsymmetrically attached benzo‐15‐crown‐5 ether has been studied in aqueous solution in the absence and presence of cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]). The detailed analysis of the UV/Vis and NMR spectra showes that the isomeric composition of the photostationary mixtures of SP can be modulated by the host‐guest complexation with CB[7]. It was found that steric hindrance caused by encapsulation of SP in the host cavity induces the exclusive formation of the anti conformer of Z‐SP in contrast with the mixture of both anti and syn conformers obtained during photoisomerization of the dye without CB[7]. Remarkably, the displacement of anti Z‐SP from CB[7] does not lead to the transformation of the anti Z‐isomer into the syn Z‐isomer pointing out the conformational memory of the system. The results provide an interesting example of the supramolecular stereorecognition by the achiral CB[7] host.
Conjugated Bifunctional Carbazole‐Based Oxime Esters: Efficient and Versatile Photoinitiators for 3D Printing under One‐ and Two‐Photon Excitation
Authors: Hu Peng , Qiu Wanwan , Naumov Sergej , Scherzer Tom , Hu Zhiyong , Chen Qidai , Knolle Wolfgang , Li Zhiquan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe rapid development of 3D printing using visible light as an irradiation source requires efficient visible light photoinitiators to realize a fast and reliable 3D printing process. Based on the photocleavage concept, a series of symmetric bifunctional photoinitiators comprising oxime‐ester moieties as latent initiation functionalities and conjugated carbazole as chromophores was synthesized. The impact of substitution position and the types of radicals on photophysical and photochemical behavior was investigated via experimental tests combined with quantum‐chemical calculations. The conjugated carbazole‐based oxime esters exhibit broad absorption bands from 250 to 400 nm and an interesting photobleaching property was observed during photolysis. Under 405 nm LED irradiation, the photoinitiation efficiency of the novel photoinitiators is comparable to that of the commercial visible light photoinitiator TPO. A vertical resolution of 50 μm was obtained when using oxime esters as photoinitiators in DLP 3D printing to fabricate delicate objects. The A‐π‐D‐π‐A core structures impart sufficient two‐photon cross sections (102–136 GM) to the oxime esters, enabling the construction of complex 3D microstructures of nanometer spatial resolution with two‐photon 3D printing technology. Notably, the threshold energy of the formulation containing 4d is lower than that of the commercial two‐photon resists IP−L. Also, the thermal stability of the PIs (>160 °C) is sufficient for daily storage.
Managing salmon for wildlife: Do fisheries limit salmon consumption by bears in small Alaskan streams?
Authors: Lincoln Alexandra E. , Hilborn Ray , Wirsing Aaron J. , Quinn Thomas P. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEcosystem‐based management requires consideration of overlapping resource use between humans and other consumers. Pacific salmon are an important resource for both fisheries and populations of wildlife around the Pacific rim, including coastal brown bears (Ursus arctos); salmon consumption has been positively linked to bear density, body size, and reproductive rate. As a case study within the broader context of human–wildlife competition for food, we used 16–22 yr of empirical data in four different salmon‐bearing systems in southwestern Alaska to explore the relationship between sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) availability and consumption by bears. We found a negative relationship between the annual biomass of salmon available to bears and the fraction of biomass consumed per fish, and a saturating relationship between salmon availability and the total annual biomass of salmon consumed by bears. Under modeled scenarios, bear consumption of salmon was predicted to increase only with dramatic (on the order of 50–100%) increases in prey availability. Even such large increases in salmon abundance were estimated to produce relatively modest increases in per capita salmon consumption by bears (2.4–4.8 kg·bear−1·d−1, 15–59% of the estimated daily maximum per capita intake), in part because bears did not consume salmon entirely, especially when salmon were most available. Thus, while bears catching salmon in small streams may be limited by salmon harvest in some years, current management of the systems we studied is sufficient for bear populations to reach maximum salmon consumption every 2–4 yr. Consequently, allocating more salmon for brown bear conservation would unlikely result in an ecologically significant response for bears in these systems, though other ecosystem components might benefit. Our results highlight the need for documenting empirical relationships between prey abundance and consumption, particularly in systems with partial consumption, when evaluating the ecological response of managing prey resources for wildlife populations.
Artificial light at night, in interaction with spring temperature, modulates timing of reproduction in a passerine bird
Authors: Dominoni Davide M. , Kjellberg Jensen Johan , de Jong Maaike , Visser Marcel E. , Spoelstra Kamiel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe ecological impact of artificial light at night (ALAN) on phenological events such as reproductive timing is increasingly recognized. In birds, previous experiments under controlled conditions showed that ALAN strongly advances gonadal growth, but effects on egg‐laying date are less clear. In particular, effects of ALAN on timing of egg laying are found to be year‐dependent, suggesting an interaction with climatic conditions such as spring temperature, which is known have strong effects on the phenology of avian breeding. Thus, we hypothesized that ALAN and temperature interact to regulate timing of reproduction in wild birds. Field studies have suggested that sources of ALAN rich in short wavelengths can lead to stronger advances in egg‐laying date. We therefore tested this hypothesis in the Great Tit (Parus major), using a replicated experimental set‐up where eight previously unlit forest transects were illuminated with either white, green, or red LED light, or left dark as controls. We measured timing of egg laying for 619 breeding events spread over six consecutive years and obtained temperature data for all sites and years. We detected overall significantly earlier egg‐laying dates in the white and green light vs. the dark treatment, and similar trends for red light. However, there was a strong interannual variability in mean egg‐laying dates in all treatments, which was explained by spring temperature. We did not detect any fitness consequence of the changed timing of egg laying due to ALAN, which suggests that advancing reproduction in response to ALAN might be adaptive.
Does the leaf economic spectrum hold within plant functional types? A Bayesian multivariate trait meta‐analysis
Authors: Shiklomanov Alexey N. , Cowdery Elizabeth M. , Bahn Michael , Byun Chaeho , Jansen Steven , Kramer Koen , Minden Vanessa , Niinemets Ülo , Onoda Yusuke , Soudzilovskaia Nadejda A. , Dietze Michael C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe leaf economic spectrum is a widely studied axis of plant trait variability that defines a trade‐off between leaf longevity and productivity. While this has been investigated at the global scale, where it is robust, and at local scales, where deviations from it are common, it has received less attention at the intermediate scale of plant functional types (PFTs). We investigated whether global leaf economic relationships are also present within the scale of plant functional types (PFTs) commonly used by Earth System models, and the extent to which this global‐PFT hierarchy can be used to constrain trait estimates. We developed a hierarchical multivariate Bayesian model that assumes separate means and covariance structures within and across PFTs and fit this model to seven leaf traits from the TRY database related to leaf longevity, morphology, biochemistry, and photosynthetic metabolism. Although patterns of trait covariation were generally consistent with the leaf economic spectrum, we found three approximate tiers to this consistency. Relationships among morphological and biochemical traits (specific leaf area [SLA], N, P) were the most robust within and across PFTs, suggesting that covariation in these traits is driven by universal leaf construction trade‐offs and stoichiometry. Relationships among metabolic traits (dark respiration [Rd], maximum RuBisCo carboxylation rate [Vc,max], maximum electron transport rate [Jmax]) were slightly less consistent, reflecting in part their much sparser sampling (especially for high‐latitude PFTs), but also pointing to more flexible plasticity in plant metabolistm. Finally, relationships involving leaf lifespan were the least consistent, indicating that leaf economic relationships related to leaf lifespan are dominated by across‐PFT differences and that within‐PFT variation in leaf lifespan is more complex and idiosyncratic. Across all traits, this covariance was an important source of information, as evidenced by the improved imputation accuracy and reduced predictive uncertainty in multivariate models compared to univariate models. Ultimately, our study reaffirms the value of studying not just individual traits but the multivariate trait space and the utility of hierarchical modeling for studying the scale dependence of trait relationships.