bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Employees’ Preference to Pay Zakat: Case of Amil Zakat Institution of Bogor Agricultural University
Authors: Mahanani Yekti , Novianti Tanti , Wiliasih Ranti , Kassim Salina Hj 
Published: June 2020

The aim of the Indonesian Government Regulation No 14/2014 is to assist the national zakat agency - BAZNAS in zakat collection by forming zakat collector units in government institutions such as in higher learning institutions’ campuses. The Zakat Collector Unit of Amil Zakat Institution of Bogor Agricultural University (LAZ IPB) has been established for this reason in 2003, however, despite being in existence for quite a while, its development has been rather slow. The aim of this study is to explore the potential issues on income zakat and determine factors affecting the employees to pay income zakat using the service of LAZ IPB. Data collection was conducted during the period from 1stApril 2014 to 7thJune 2014. In methodology, the study adopted the Logistic regression technique to analyze the factors affecting the employees to pay zakat with LAZ IPB. The findings showed that two factors, namely service and income level were significant in influencing the employees to pay their income zakat with LAZ IPB. Demographic factors such as occupation and gender are also affecting the preference of employees to pay zakat in LAZ IPB.
Zakat Model by Caliph ʻUmar ibn Khaṭṭāb: Innovations Towards the Country’s Economic Problems
Authors: Ahmad Sabarudin , Suradilaga Aris Sunandar , Shaleh Lisnawati 
Published: June 2020

Umar bin Khattab is one of the four Khulafāʻ ar-Rāsyidīn who are known to be firm, fair, and wise in his government,especially in the economic sector in the welfare of their people. Umar’s government lasted ten years. In that period there were many government innovations to overcome various state problems. The country’s economic problems get serious attention by him. Various innovations also occur in the management of zakat.
This research is a normative legal research, using a historical approach. The data source is divided into three parts, namely primary sources, secondary, and tertiary sources. While the method of data analysis uses the content analysis method.
The results of this study indicate that the principle for Umar is an important instrument and is one of the main sources of state income. Various innovations in the field of zakat are the efforts of Umar as a caliph to optimize the zakat fund. These innovations are innovation of zakat during famine, innovation of zakat for slaves, innovation of zakat on agriculture and livestock, and innovation in the distribution of zakat funds.
Socio-demographic and Economic Factors Affecting Regular Charity-giving: a Case of Low-income Households in Indonesia
Authors: Dwi Arsyianti Laily , Kassim Salina , Adewale Abideen 
Published: June 2020

A Muslim is encouraged do charity for the blessings and rewards from Allah subhanahuwata’ala, not limited to low-income households. Some social finance institutions have been encouraging their zakat and infaq recipients, along with empowering programmes, to gradually give away a portion of their income as charity to the institutions; thus, it would be circulated among them. It is necessary to identify what factors influence them in regularly giving charity. Questionnaires were distributed to 1780 respondents from six areas in the west, middle, and east of Indonesia. By employing logistic regression, results show that determinants affecting regular charity giving of low-income households in Indonesia are employment status, household size, portion of charity per income, expectation of future economy, income, religious activity, and type of financing institution. Many Islamic economic researches have looked at compulsory charity, that is, zakat, and waqf topics, but none of them has covered voluntary monetary charity giving of low-income households in Indonesia. This research tries to fill the gap.
Keywords: charity giving, low-income households, Indonesia, social finance
Overview of Forecasting Zakat Collection in Indonesia Using Multiplicative Decomposition
Authors: Al Parisi Salman 
Published: June 2020

Social welfare can be achieved if high economic growth can reduce a country’s poverty, accompanied by a decrease in the value of gini coefficient. Zakat is one of the primary instruments of economic philanthropy in Muslim countries, faciliatating redistribution of wealth and income. Zakat potential in Indonesia has reached Rp 286 trillion, but the actual zakat collection only reached 3.7 trillion in 2015. This study aims to determine the following: (1) the forecasting of zakat collection in Indonesia based on the historical data for the next 5– 10 years or over time and (2) the system used by Muslim countries to collect zakat fund. This study used the multiplicative decomposition forecasting method with annually data collected over 2005-2015. The findings showed that zakat collection would be expected to reach about Rp 5.0 trillion in 2020. It is expected to increase to 8.33 trillion in 2029, with mean absolute percent error (MAPE) value as much as 0.18. Furthermore, there are different kinds of zakat systems used by Muslim countries. Indonesia uses the voluntary zakat system, which could affect the amount of zakat collection. The findings of this study are expected to inform policy makers regarding the management of zakat collection.
Keywords: Forecasting, Zakat Collection, Poverty Eradication, Multiplicative Decomposition
Evaluation of the Productive Zakat Program of BAZNAS: A Case Study from Western Indonesia
Authors: Soleh Nurzaman Mohamad , Annisa Ninik , Gusti Hendharto Ridho , , Khairunnajah , , Noviyanti 
Published: June 2020

This paper aims to measure the impact of zakat distribution program implemented by Indonesia’s National Zakat Board (BAZNAS). The study intended to accurately assess the impact of the program for a potential extension to other zakat institutions. The studyadopted theCIBEST model developed by Beik and Arsyianti (2015), a quadrant model that combines the fulfillment of human needs that are both material and spiritual. The CIBEST consists of well-being index, material poverty index, spiritual poverty index, and absolute poverty index. The study has found that fund distribution by BAZNAS through the productive zakat program is quite effective in improving the welfare index of mustahik households in both material and spiritual aspects.
Keywords: CIBEST model, Mustahik, Productive Zakat
A Study Comperative: the Perception of Coastal Communities in Developing the Method of Distribution of Marine Zakat
Authors: S Riwanto Diki 
Published: June 2020

Indonesia as one of the largest maritime countries in the world that has enormous potential. The one of potential can be found at fishery resources reaching 6.4 million tons per year with the number of catch fisheries reaching more than USD 15 billion. Thus the total foreign exchange of marine and fishery reaches USD 71 million per year. But the facts, 83 percent of coastal communities are still living in poverty. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to optimize zakat, because in reality the implementation of zakat (in this case is marine zakat) is not optimal. This study is aimed to identify and develop the distribution model of marine zakat based on local people’s perception. In analyzing this research, the authors applied qualitative method through comparative study approach by using data collecting technique in the form of deep interviews. The object of this research is the people who live in Depok and Gunungkidul beach, Yogyakarta. Through this research, the authors hope the community can identify the development of the distribution model of marine zakat that can empower coastal communities and can motivate local people to be more productive and optimize the existence of this zakat.
Keywords: Islamic Economics Marine Zakat, Empowerment Coastal Community, Maritime
Zakat as an Obligatory System and its Implications for Social Psychology of Society (Social Tafsīr of Sūrah Al-Tawbah: 103)
Authors: Wahid Al-Faizin Abdul , Dinda Insani Taqiyah , Widiastuti Tika 
Published: June 2020

In the current literature, the study of the collective benefits of Zakat is more emphasized on the material economic aspects by using modern economic tools. Meanwhile, Zakat has a significant social role in the community. Therefore, Allah mentions in Qur'an the command of Zakat and prayer together as much as 22 times. It shows that the role of Zakat socially in human relationships with each other is comparable to the relationship with God. This paper will try to explore and analyze the social role (Social Psychology) of Zakat as an obligatory system from Sūrah al-Tawbah: 103. The method used in this paper is a qualitative method by using content analysis that combines tafsīr bi al-ra’yi with tafsīr bi al-ma’thūr. By using social tafsīr, it is found that Zakat should be an obligatory system and its management must be done centrally by the government. BAZNAS can be a representation of the government to perform the task. Then, it will result in the creation of equal degree and status between mustahiq and muzakki. Meanwhile, the implication of Zakat in the context of social interaction of the society is the creation of tranquility, security, and harmony for the whole society.
Keywords: Zakat, Social Tafsīr, Social Psychology
Discourses of Institutionalization of Zakat Management System in Contemporary Indonesia: Effect of the Revitalization of Islamic Economics
Authors: Adachi Mari 
Published: June 2020

In Indonesia, zakat management was trying restructured in a top-down form based on the system followed in Malaysia and, in 1999, a related law was enacted. Although many previous studies have been conducted on zakat for its fundamental spiritual aspects and social roles, macroscopic research on its history of both theory and practice aspects is lacking. The transformation in the administrative reform of zakat, which focuses on not only the discourse of Islamic intellectuals but also the tone of the emerging Islamic economy and attitude of the management organization's practitioners and players, is important to understand the growth of Islam in Indonesia. This paper discusses how the zakat practice, which was an individual practice, expanded to include new objectives such as community development or financial inclusion without losing its original spiritual significance. Further, the paper clarifies how an institutionalized approach to zakat management helps in the development of new theoretical intervention areas and contributes to community development and empowerment, without compromising the original poverty alleviation programs.
Keywords: Zakat management, Indonesia, Islamic economics
The Direct and Indirect Effect of Zakat on the Household Consumption of Mustahik (A Study of Zakat Recipients from BAZNAS Probolinggo Municipality)
Authors: Nurlita Elok , Ekawaty Marlina 
Published: June 2020

This researchaimsto analyze the direct and indirect effects of zakat on the household consumption of mustahik. The research adopts a quantitative approach and usespath analysis. Data were obtained from 50 mustahik (zakat recipients)at BAZNAS Probolinggo Municipalityusing theproportional random sampling method. The results show that zakat and number of household members directly and indirectly affect the household consumption of mustahik. Furthermore, household income as an intermediate variable also affects the household consumption of mustahik, whereas education and age have no effect, either directly or indirectly. The lackof effect of education on consumption can be attributed to the mustahiks’ jobs, for which no education/special skills are required;thus, a high level of education does not affect household income and consumption. Similarly, the lack of effect of age on predicted consumption is because many mustahik are not at a productive age and do not work;increasing age does not therefore increase income and consumption.
Keywords: Poverty, Consumptive Zakat, Productive Zakat, Household Consumption
Zakat as a Tax Credit for Raising Indonesian Tax Revenue
Authors: Setianingrum Any , Rusydiana Aam Slamet , Fadhilah Penny Rahmah 
Published: June 2020

This study aims to select the most appropriate treatment of zakat and tax to maximize Indonesia taxation of the given three alternatives. The first alternative is zakat and taxes are not correlated. Second, zakat is used as deductions of taxable income. Third, zakat is used as a tax credit. The basic considerations for determining the rank of these three models are from the aspects of benefits, the costs, and the risks. The analytical tool used is ANP (Analytic Network Process). The research respondents are some experts and stakeholder of zakat and tax in Indonesia. Based on the result of this research, the first rank is zakat as a tax credit with a weight of 0,469. The second alternative is zakat as the deduction of Taxable Income with a weight of 0,385. The third or last alternative is zakat and tax has no direct relationship with the weight of 0,146. Based on this research, to increase tax revenue in Indonesia, zakat as a tax credit is advisable.
Keywords: Zakat, tax, credit, ANP, Indonesia
Developing and Proposing Zakat Management System: A Case of the Malakand District, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Suhail 
Published: June 2020

Zakat plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of a country. With zakat, the poor community is facilitated their food, safety, nutrition, sanitation, education, and other necessities. This study focuses on the role and current practice of zakat in the Malakand district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This paper also develops and proposes a model for efficient management of zakat there. In doing so, this study interviews a sample of thirty respondents. A list of ten questions is constructed during the interviews using the local language, which is Urdu. The current practice of zakat in the region is explored, and further recommendation is captured for better practice of zakat management. For this, the study proposes an ideal model of the zakat management system, which can also be adopted by other countries. The discussion of this study is limited to the district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan.
Keywords: Zakat, poverty alleviation, socio-economic development, ideal management, Pakistan
Studying Mustahik Requirements Based on Had Kifayah Benchmark: A Case from East Nusa Tenggara (NTT)
Authors: Kinanti Kamilah 
Published: June 2020

As an effort to optimize the transparent and measurable zakat management, BAZNAS Center of Strategic Studies has been developing several instruments, including the Had Kifayah measure. The measurement is the standard limit of basic needs of a Muslim, which is helpful to consider the requirements of zakat recipients. By employing Had Kifayah, this paper performs a case study from Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) Province in 2018 and finds that NTT had the highest cost of living of IDR3,363,105.00 per family (monthly). This paper covers the preliminary study verifying the categorization pyramid as in Had Kifayah standard to investigate the changes of a mustahik income and expenditure before and after the productive zakat program of BAZNAS. The results show that the program conducted by BAZNAS-NTT from 2016 to 2017 is found to be in the fourth priority on the Had Kifayah pyramid.
Keyword: Had Kifayah, priority pyramid of Had Kifayah, Mustahik of Productive Zakat Program, Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT)
Tidal Asteroseismology: Possible Evidence of Nonlinear Mode Coupling in an Equilibrium State in Kepler Eclipsing Binary KIC 3230227
Authors: Guo Zhao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Previously, a series of tidally-excited oscillations were discovered in the eccentric eclipsing binary KIC 3230227. The pulsation amplitudes and phases suggest the observed oscillations are prograde quadruple modes. In this paper, we refine the analysis and extract more oscillation frequencies. We also study the temporal variations of amplitudes and phases and show that almost all modes have stable phases and amplitudes. We then focus on the non-orbital-harmonic oscillations. We consider two formation mechanisms: (1) nonlinear response of the surface convective layer, and (2) nonlinear three/multi-mode coupling. Although the former can explain some of the observed features, we find the latter mechanism is more probable. Assuming that these are coupled modes, the constant amplitude/phase over four years can be explained by either an equilibrium state in the mode coupling or modes undergoing limit cycles with very long periods. The observed frequency detuning and the calculated damping rates of the daughter modes favor the equilibrium-state interpretation. This is verified by integrating the amplitude equations of three-mode coupling. We find that the steady-state relation derived in Weinberg et al., which relates the observed frequency detuning, phase detuning, and mode damping rates, is approximately satisfied for one mode triplet. We also try to identify the azimuthal number of the modes based on the observed mode amplitude ratios and the selection rules in nonlinear three-mode coupling. We discuss further implications of these observations on nonlinear tidal asteroseismology.
Early Evolution of Disk, Outflow, and Magnetic Field of Young Stellar Objects: Impact of Dust Model
Authors: Tsukamoto Y. , Machida M. N. , Susa H. , Nomura H. , Inutsuka S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The formation and early evolution of low-mass young stellar objects (YSOs) are investigated using three-dimensional non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics simulations. We investigate the evolution of YSOs up to

after protostar formation, at which protostellar mass reaches

. We particularly focus on the impact of the dust model on the evolution. We found that a circumstellar disk is formed in all simulations, regardless of the dust model. Disk size is approximately 10 au at the protostar formation epoch, and it increases to several tens of au at

after protostar formation. The disk mass is comparable to the central protostellar mass, and gravitational instability develops. In simulations with small dust sizes, the warp of the pseudodisk develops

after protostar formation. The warp strengthens magnetic braking in the disk and decreases disk size. Ion-neutral drift can occur in the infalling envelope when the typical dust size is

and the protostar (plus disk) mass is

. The outflow activity is anticorrelated to the dust size, and the strong outflow appears with small dust grains.
Spectroscopically Confirmed Lyα Emitters from Redshift 5 to 7 behind 10 Galaxy Cluster Lenses
Authors: Fuller S. , Lemaux B. C. , Bradač M. , Hoag A. , Schmidt K. B. , Huang K. , Strait V. , Mason C. , Treu T. , Pentericci L. , Trenti M. , Henry A. , Malkan M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We present 36 spectroscopically confirmed intrinsically UV-faint Lyα-emitting galaxies from follow-up observations with Keck/DEep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph of gravitationally lensed high-redshift candidates. Candidates were selected to be between 5 ≲ z ≲ 7 from photometric data using Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer imaging surveys. We performed an integrated photometric redshift probability cut >1% between 5 < z < 7 to construct a sample of 198 high-redshift objects. Our sample spans intrinsic UV luminosities from a few L* down to 0.001L*. We identified 19 high-confidence detections and 17 likely detections of Lyα. We divided our sample into lower-redshift (z ∼ 5.5) and higher-redshift (z ∼ 6.5) bins and ran Monte Carlo trials, incorporating the strengths of the Lyα emission and the photometric redshifts of the nondetections. Considering only objects where Lyα could be detected at EW(Lyα) > 25 Å at 3σ at the fiducial depth of our survey, and only those galaxies with EW(Lyα) > 25 Å, and only objects with m
AB < 26.8, we found the Lyα emitter (LAE) fraction to be flat or modestly increase from 0.26 ± 0.04 to 0.30 ± 0.04. These values are consistent with a rising LAE fraction with redshift out to z ∼ 6, but at z ∼ 6.5, there is some tension between our results and results from surveys at intrinsically brighter luminosities. We conclude that intrinsically fainter galaxies have Lyα emission, and there is a steep drop in the LAE fraction from our high-redshift sample at z ∼ 6.5 and from similar galaxies at z ∼ 7.5. This likely indicates we are witnessing the tail end of the epoch of reionization, as such a drop is not expected due to changes of intrinsic galaxy properties between these redshifts.
VLA/Realfast Detection of a Burst from FRB 180916.J0158+65 and Tests for Periodic Activity
Authors: Aggarwal Kshitij , Law Casey J. , Burke-Spolaor Sarah , Bower Geoffrey , Butler Bryan J. , Demorest Paul , Linford Justin , Lazio T. J. W. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We report on the detection of a burst from FRB 180916 by realfast/Very Large Array and present software for interpreting fast radio bursts (FRB) periodicity. We demonstrate a range of periodicity analyses with bursts from FRB 180916, FRB 121102 and FRB 180814. Our results for FRB 180916 and FRB 121102 are consistent with published results. For FRB 180814, we did not detect any significant periodic episodes. The realfast-detected and other high-frequency bursts for FRB 180916 tend to lie at the beginning of the activity window, indicating a possible phase-frequency relation. The python package frbpa can be used to reproduce and expand on this analysis to test models for repeating FRBs.
Spectral Variability of a Soft-intermediate State QPO from MAXI J1820+070
Authors: Davis M. C. , Stevens A. L. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Black Hole X-ray binaries are known to exhibit variability in their light curves on timescales as short as milliseconds and as long as months. The short-timescale variability can be in the form of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), which may be produced by general relativistic effects. In this work, we looked at low-frequency QPOs from an exciting recent black hole transient, MAXI J1820+070, which first went into outburst in 2018. This source was observed in a multi-wavelength campaign that included the NICER mission, a soft X-ray telescope attached to the International Space Station. In our analysis, we applied X-ray timing and spectral-timing techniques to help place constraints on the QPO emission mechanism in the extreme environment surrounding the black hole. Although the QPO amplitude was too low to carry out phase-resolved spectroscopy, our work indicates that weak QPOs such as this one may be present in the light curves of many sources.
New Graduate Nurses' Perceptions of Patient Safety: Describing and Comparing Responses With Experienced Nurses
Authors: Forbes Thompson H. , Scott Elaine S. , Swanson Melvin 
Published: June 2020

Background:
A significant proportion of the acute health system workforce is composed of new graduate nurses, yet there is a limited understanding of patient safety perceptions among new graduate nurses and how they compare with nurses who have more experience.

Method:

This study used a descriptive approach to complete secondary analysis on two sources of data containing new graduate nurses' (
n
= 1,613) and experienced nurses' (
n
= 64,906) responses to the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture.

Results:
New graduate nurses had a more positive perception of safety culture than more experienced nurses. The greatest differences were observed in perceptions of how nurse managers respond to mistakes. Similarities in perceptions were observed on items associated with communication.

Conclusion:

Educational systems and transitional programs must prepare new graduate nurses for patient care. There is an opportunity for academic and practice partners to collaborate on programs that facilitate the transition of new graduate nurses to the workforce.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2020;51(7):309–315.]