bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Group authorships in Cochrane had low compliance with Cochrane recommendations
Authors: Andersen Mikkel Zola , Fonnes Siv , Andresen Kristoffer , Rosenberg Jacob 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveRecently, group authorships have become more common. Group authorship describes a situation where the name of a group of people is included in the byline of an article. Historically, however, group authorships have been associated with citation errors and difficulties identifying who could be regarded as an author. Cochrane is a collaboration that publishes high‐quality systematic reviews and meta‐analyses and transparency in authorship should be high. Group authorships in Cochrane have not previously been examined. This study aimed to describe group authorships in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR).MethodsIn total, 8396 reviews from the CDSR were screened for group authorships from inception to 31 December 2019. Data from group authorships were extracted and analyzed.ResultsA total of 41 reviews with group authorships were included. Almost half of group authorships (46%, 19/41) were published from 2015 to 2019. Median number of group members was 32 (range 6–91). Median publication time (protocol to review) of group authorships was 3.1 years. Of all group authorships, 39% met ICMJE's first authorship criterion, 41% met the second, and 12% met the third criterion. For only two studies all authors met the three authorship criteria.ConclusionA low prevalence of group authorships existed in Cochrane reviews. Reviews with group authorships took median three years to publish, and very few of group authorships in Cochrane complied with the ICMJE authorship criteria.
Comparative analysis of botulinum toxin injection after corrective rhinoplasty for deviated nose and alar asymmetry
Authors: Lee Won , Ahn Tae‐Hwan , Cheon Gwahn‐Woo , Lee Min‐Ji , Yang Eun‐Jung 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDeviated noses and asymmetric nostrils can be corrected using corrective rhinoplasty. However, after proper correction, adjacent facial mimetic muscles can cause recurrence of asymmetry because of preoperative habits.ObjectivesWe performed this study to investigate the effects on botulinum toxin on the prevention of recurrence of asymmetry after corrective rhinoplasty.MethodsFrom January 2016 to December 2019, 60 patients underwent corrective rhinoplasty and 30 received botulinum toxin type A injection (Botulax; Hugel Co.) at the depressor septi nasi and levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscles, bilaterally. Vertical and horizontal deviations were compared preoperatively and postoperatively.ResultsPostoperative vertical deviation was 0.20° ± 0.65° in the botulinum toxin–injected group and 1.20° ± 0.53° in the control group (P < 0.0001). Horizontal deviation was 0.80° ± 0.52° in the botulinum toxin–injected group and 2.18° ± 0.42° in the control group (P < 0.005). Differences between preoperative and postoperative vertical deviations at 6 months were 2.30° ± 0.03° in patients who received botulinum toxin injection and 1.10° ± 0.22° in controls (P < 0.005).ConclusionsBotulinum toxin effectively restricted the paranasal muscles without any significant adverse events. We recommend injecting botulinum toxin after corrective rhinoplasty to prevent recurrence of deviation by facial mimetic muscles.
Long noncoding RNA LINC00511 regulates the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and autophagy of trophoblast cells to mediate pre‐eclampsia progression through modulating the miR‐31‐5p/homeobox protein A7 axis
Authors: Dong Xiaorui , Zhang Yina , Chen Xixi , Xue Mengling 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimPre‐eclampsia (PE) is the usual complication during pregnancy. Long noncoding RNAs are essential regulatory factors in many diseases. Nevertheless, the role of LINC00511 in the development of PE has not been fully elucidated.MethodsThe expression of LINC00511, homeobox protein A7 (HOXA7) and miR‐31‐5p was determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The levels of HOXA7 protein and autophagy‐related proteins were measured by western blot analysis. Besides, cell proliferation was evaluated using cell counting kit 8 and colony formation assays. The apoptosis and invasion of cells were detected via flow cytometry and transwell assay, respectively. Further, the interaction between miR‐31‐5p and LINC00511 or HOXA7 was confirmed by dual‐luciferase reporter assay.ResultsThe LINC00511 and HOXA7 expression levels were decreased in placental tissues of PE patients, and the expression levels of both were positively correlated. LINC00511 knockdown suppressed proliferation, invasion and autophagy, while enhanced apoptosis in trophoblast cells. Meanwhile, the elevated HOXA7 expression promoted proliferation, invasion, autophagy, and inhibited the apoptosis of trophoblast cells. Besides, overexpression of HOXA7 also could reverse the effect of LINC00511 knockdown on the biological function of trophoblast cells. Further experiments confirmed that miR‐31‐5p could be sponged by LINC00511 and could target HOXA7. Also, miR‐31‐5p mimic could invert the promoting effect of LINC00511 overexpression on the biological function of trophoblast cells.ConclusionLINC00511 expression was crucial for maintaining the normal function of trophoblast cells, and the decreased its expression might promote the progress of PE, which might provide some theoretical strategies for reducing the development of PE.
Hydraulic Burst Test of X52 Pipes With Defects or Nozzle Repair Structure
Authors: Wu Xu , Shuai Jian , Shan Ke , Xu Kui , Di Yan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Hydrostatic blasting test can be used to verify the bearing capacity of the pipeline in service. Spiral weld cracks and dents are common defects of pipes, and nozzle repair is a common repair method of perforated pipes. In order to determine the carrying capacity of the X52 pipeline with the above defects and the repaired structure, the corresponding pipe specimens were tested by hydraulic experiment, the yield pressure and burst pressure were recorded for each case. The axial and circumferential strains of the defect and repaired structure were measured in detail, the wall thickness and perimeter of the specimen before and after the experiment were measured, and the failure mechanism was analyzed. According to the relative safety factor in the standard, the bearing capacity of the pipeline was determined.
The paediatrician workforce and its role in addressing neonatal, child and adolescent healthcare in Kenya
Authors: English Mike , Strachan Brigid , Esamai Fabian , Ngwiri Thomas , Warfa Osman , Mburugu Patrick , Nalwa Grace , Gitaka Jesse , Ngugi John , Zhao Yingxi , Ouma Paul , Were Fred 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo examine the availability of paediatricians in Kenya and plans for their development.DesignReview of policies and data from multiple sources combined with local expert insight.SettingKenya with a focus on the public, non-tertiary care sector as an example of a low-income and middle-income country aiming to improve the survival and long-term health of newborns, children and adolescents.ResultsThere are 305 practising paediatricians, 1.33 per 100 000 individuals of the population aged <19 years which in total numbers approximately 25 million. Only 94 are in public sector, non-tertiary county hospitals. There is either no paediatrician at all or only one paediatrician in 21/47 Kenyan counties that are home to over a quarter of a million under 19 years of age. Government policy is to achieve employment of 1416 paediatricians in the public sector by 2030, however this remains aspirational as there is no comprehensive training or financing plan to reach this target and health workforce recruitment, financing and management is now devolved to 47 counties. The vast majority of paediatric care is therefore provided by non-specialist healthcare workers.DiscussionThe scale of the paediatric workforce challenge seriously undermines the ability of the Kenyan health system to deliver on the emerging survive, thrive and transform agenda that encompasses more complex health needs. Addressing this challenge may require innovative workforce solutions such as task-sharing, these may in turn require the role of paediatricians to be redefined. Professional paediatric communities in countries like Kenya could play a leadership role in developing such solutions.
Investigation of adverse reactions in healthcare personnel working in Level 3 barrier protection PPE to treat COVID-19
Authors: Yuan Niu , Yang Wei-Xia , Lu Jian-Li , Lv Zhang-Hong 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTPurpose of the studyThe aim of our study was to investigate potential adverse reactions in healthcare professionals working in Level 3 barrier protection personal protective equipment (L3PPE) to treat patients with COVID-19.Study designBy using a convenience sampling approach, 129 out of 205 randomly selected healthcare professionals from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine were invited to take part in a WeChat messaging app survey, Questionnaire Star, via a survey link. Healthcare personnel details were collected, including profession, years of professional experience and adverse reactions while wearing L3PPE. Survey results were divided by profession and years of professional experience; differences in adverse reactions were compared.ResultsAmong the 129 healthcare professionals surveyed, 21 (16.28%) were doctors and 108 (83.72%) were nurses. A total of 122 (94.57%) healthcare professionals experienced discomfort while wearing L3PPE to treat patients with COVID-19. The main reasons for adverse reactions and discomfort include varying degrees of adverse skin reactions, respiratory difficulties, heat stress, dizziness and nausea. Doctors had a lower incidence of rashes (χ2=4.519, p=0.034) and dizziness (χ2=4.123, p=0.042) when compared with nurses. Junior (8.5 years of experience or fewer) healthcare personnel also experienced a higher rate of heat stress when compared with senior personnel (more than 8.5 years greater) (χ2=5.228, p=0.022).ConclusionMore attention should be offered to healthcare personnel wearing L3PPE to treat patients with COVID-19 because they are susceptible to developing adverse reactions.
Real power loss diminution by predestination of particles wavering search algorithm
Authors: Lenin Kanagasabai 
Published: June 2020

In this work Predestination of Particles Wavering Search (PPS) algorithm has been applied to solve optimal reactive power problem. PPS algorithm has been modeled based on the motion of the particles in the exploration space. Normally the movement of the particle is based on gradient and swarming motion. Particles are permitted to progress in steady velocity in gradient-based progress, but when the outcome is poor when compared to previous upshot, immediately particle rapidity will be upturned with semi of the magnitude and it will help to reach local optimal solution and it is expressed as wavering movement. In standard IEEE 14, 30, 57,118,300 bus systems Proposed Predestination of Particles Wavering Search (PPS) algorithm is evaluated and simulation results show the PPS reduced the power loss efficiently.
A neuro fuzzy image fusion using block based feature level method
Authors: Praveena S. Mary , Kanmani R. , Kavitha A. K. 
Published: June 2020

Image fusion is a sub field of image processing in which more than one images are fused to create an image where all the objects are in focus. The process of image fusion is performed for multi-sensor and multi-focus images of the same scene. Multi-sensor images of the same scene are captured by different sensors whereas multi-focus images are captured by the same sensor. In multi-focus images, the objects in the scene which are closer to the camera are in focus and the farther objects get blurred. Contrary to it, when the farther objects are focused then closer objects get blurred in the image. To achieve an image where all the objects are in focus, the process of images fusion is performed either in spatial domain or in transformed domain. In recent times, the applications of image processing have grown immensely. Usually due to limited depth of field of optical lenses especially with greater focal length, it becomes impossible to obtain an image where all the objects are in focus. Thus it plays an important role to perform other tasks of image processing such as image segmentation, edge detection, stereo matching and image enhancement. Hence, a novel feature-level multi-focus image fusion technique has been proposed which fuses multi-focus images. Thus the results of extensive experimentation performed to highlight the efficiency and utility of the proposed technique is presented. The proposed work further explores comparison between fuzzy based image fusion and neuro fuzzy fusion technique along with quality evaluation indices.
Genetic and pathogenic variation in Heterodera latipons populations from Turkey
Authors: Dababat Abdelfattah A. , İmren Mustafa , Özer Göksel , Mokrını Fouad , Duman Nagihan , Paulıtz Timothy 
Published: June 2020

Summary
The cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera latipons, is an important plant parasite causing substantial yield losses in wheat throughout the world. This study aimed to determine genetic and pathogenic variation in H. latipons populations obtained from the southern part of Turkey. The populations were identified as H. latipons by sequencing the ITS-rDNA region and further sequence analysis showed an intraspecific genetic variation in H. latipons populations, which were clustered into different groups. The International Test Assortment materials were used to determine pathogenic variation (pathotypes) in these populations. The results showed that ‘Ortolan’, ‘Morocco’, ‘KVL191’, ‘Bajo Aragon 1-1’, ‘Herta’, ‘Martin 403-2’, ‘Sun II’ and ‘Pusa Hybrid Bsi’ cultivars were resistant or moderately resistant to the tested nematode populations. ‘Emir’, ‘Dalmatische’ and ‘Capa’ were susceptible to H. latipons populations. The Hatay population of H. latipons was detected as the most virulent nematode population because ten out of 20 cultivars were susceptible or moderately susceptible to this population. The least virulent population was the Kilis population, which caused susceptible reaction on six out of all cultivars with different levels. Based on this scheme, the Turkish populations were in the Ha1 group: the reactions of barley, oats and wheat classified them as either Ha41 or Ha51. Barley ‘KVL191’ was resistant to all nematode populations but susceptible to Ha51, and the reactions of the other barley cultivars were also consistent with the Turkish populations being Ha51. ‘AUS10894’ was susceptible to three nematode populations but resistant to Ha41, and the reaction of ‘Capa’ was also consistent with the Turkish populations being Ha51. However, the degree of susceptibility of all wheat differentials distinguishes the Turkish populations from other pathotypes in the Ha1 group.
The Historical Context of “A Westphalia for the Middle East?”
Authors: Croxton Derek 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This article considers the fit of the “Westphalia for the Middle East” project with the historical Peace of Westphalia. It takes as its point of departure Proudhon’s distinction between the “judgment” and “reasons” of a treaty. The “reasons” behind the Peace of Westphalia include broad participation of interested parties, religious compromise, involvement of external powers in Imperial government, and ending a war. Of these, the involvement of external powers in another state’s government presents the greatest problem mapping to the Middle East, chiefly because the project proposes to treat the Middle East as a whole like the Holy Roman Empire in the Peace of Westphalia.
A Case Study in Police Militarization
Authors: Glasnovich Ryan S. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The militarization of civilian police forces has become a topic of increasing interest among policymakers and social scientists in contemporary societies. In light of this, researchers have debated how and why police forces become militarized. The historical case of Japan in the Meiji Period (1868–1912) provides one such answer. As the Meiji government Westernized Japan in the late-nineteenth century, it also developed a modern police system. Although initially civil in orientation, a combination of internal and external factors—factors shaped by a national crisis—led to a twentieth-century police institution steeped in militarism. Understanding the process whereby the Japanese police militarized can provide lessons for those interested in similar developments taking place in police organizations around the world in the present day.
Application of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery in Perioperative Period of Tympanoplasty and Mastoidectomy
Authors: Tan Jing-Qian , Chen Yu-Bin , Wang Wei-Hao , Zhou Shao-Li , Zhou Qi-Lin , Li Peng 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are a series of perioperative care to optimize preoperative preparation, prevent postoperative complications, minimize stress, and speedup recovery. Tympanoplasty and mastoidectomy are common surgical procedures for chronic suppurative otitis media. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety between ERAS and conventional recovery after surgery in the perioperative period of chronic suppurative otitis media. Methods: From April 2018 to February 2019, a total of 84 patients scheduled for tympanoplasty and/or mastoidectomy due to chronic suppurative otitis media were involved and randomly divided into the ERAS group and the control group. The patients’ preoperative anxiety, postoperative pain, and comfort level were determined by comparing the results of Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ). The postoperative complications, postoperative hospital stay, and hospitalization cost were calculated. Results: The ERAS group showed a lower SAS score (30 [28-31.5] vs 35 [30-43], P < .05], a higher GCQ score (88 [84-100] vs 83 [78.25-92.25], P < .05), and a lower VAS score (0 [0-0] vs 1 [0-2], P < .05] after surgery. No significant difference ( P > .05) was observed between the ERAS group and the control group in postoperative complications, postoperative hospitalization time, and hospitalization cost, respectively. Conclusion: Enhanced recovery after surgery can reduce pain and improve comfort in the perioperative period of chronic suppurative otitis media.
Tympanostomy Tubes—A Visual Guide for the Young Otolaryngologist
Authors: Isaacson Glenn 
Published: June 2020

Objectives: To illustrate some of the common dilemmas in tympanostomy tube care and describe time-tested ways to address them. Methods: Computerized literature review. Results: Issues including the correct diagnosis of recurrent acute otitis media, tympanostomy tube types and techniques for tube placement, management of tube clogging and otorrhea, and methods for tube removal and patching are illustrated. Conclusions: Tympanostomy tube placement is the most common surgery performed in children requiring general anesthesia. While some elements of tympanostomy tube care have been addressed in clinical studies, much of clinical practice is guided by shared experience.
Longitudinal evaluation of cardiovascular function in six healthy cats aged 1–8 years
Authors: Sugimoto Keisuke , Aoki Takuma , Fujii Yoko 
Published: June 2020

Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of ageing on the cardiovascular system of healthy adult cats. Methods Six experimental cats were used. Echocardiography and measurements of systolic blood pressure (SBP) were performed every year for 8 years (from 1 year of age to 8 years of age) in all cats. Age-related changes to left ventricular (LV) structures, LV systolic and diastolic function, and SBP were assessed. Results There were no significant changes in LV structures and SBP. Peak longitudinal strain rate during systole was decreased at 8 years of age, and peak longitudinal strain rate during diastole was decreased from 6 years of age. Conclusions and relevance This study revealed that some measures of cardiac function recorded in six healthy cats from 1 to 8 years of age were affected as the cats got older; however, there were no structural changes or changes in measurements that are routinely assessed in clinical practice.
Transitioning youth with autism spectrum disorders and other special health care needs into adult primary care: A provider survey
Authors: Ames Jennifer L , Massolo Maria L , Davignon Meghan N , Qian Yinge , Cerros Hilda J , Croen Lisa A 
Published: June 2020

Health care continuity during the transition from pediatric to adult care is critical to helping individuals with autism spectrum disorders manage complex medical and psychiatric co-morbidities that start in childhood and evolve with age. We conducted a brief online survey of pediatric and adult providers at Kaiser Permanente Northern California, a large integrated health care delivery system, to assess departmental policies and personal approaches to transitioning patients with special health care needs, including autism spectrum disorders. A total of 354 pediatric (43% response rate) and 715 adult providers (30% response rate) completed the survey. A large majority of departments did not have transition policies in place. Many providers in both primary care and mental health did not provide transition resources, review legal changes, use standardized assessment tools, or communicate with the next/previous provider. Transition planning was usually delayed until age 17 or later. Most providers did not have consistent approaches to the transition of care for youth with special health care needs and may be inadequately prepared to handle the process for patients with autism spectrum disorders. As the population of transition-age youth with autism spectrum disorders continues to grow, there is urgent need to understand how to best implement transition policies that promote early communication between providers and families and track outcomes among transitioning patients with special health care needs. Lay Abstract The transition from pediatric to adult care is a critical inflection point for the long-term health of youth with autism spectrum disorders and other special health care needs. However, for many patients, their caregivers, and providers, the transition lacks coordination. This survey study demonstrates that pediatric and adult providers struggle to implement many components of transition best practices for youth with autism and other chronic conditions, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced medical coordination and additional transition training and resources.