bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Observation of the Sequence of Tibial Plateau Chondrocyte and Matrix Degeneration in Spontaneous Osteoarthritis in Guinea Pigs
Authors: WANG XIAOJIAN , Wang XIAOJIAN , Wei Lei , Xue Yan , Li Rong-shan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background To observe the sequence of chondrocyte degeneration and matrix degradation in the superficial surface cartilage of the tibial plateau in guinea pigs with spontaneous knee osteoarthritis (OA).Methods Forty guinea pigs were euthanized at the ages of 10 months (n=20) and 12 months (n=20). The degree of degeneration of the tibial plateau cartilage was evaluated by Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score.The levels of MMP-13 and Caspase-3 in the chondrocytes were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The serum concentration of CTX-II was measured and compared.Western blot analysis was used to detect the levels of MMP-13 and Caspase-3 in the cartilage tissue.Results The OARSI score in the 10-month-old group(6.4±1.7) was lower than that in the 12-month-old group(12.7±3.2)(P＜0.05). Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the levels of MMP-13(10-month-old,6.1±2.0;12-month-old,5.8±1.6) and Caspase-3(10-month-old,2.6±0.6;12-month-old,2.8±0.9) in two groups appeared to be nonsignificant (all P＜0.05).The serum CTX-II in the 10-month-old group(8.6±1.2) was lower than that in the 12-month-old group(13.7±2.3) (P＜0.05). The western blot results confirmed the levels of MMP-13(10-month-old,0.82±0.21;12-month-old,0.86±0.27) and Caspase-3(10-month-old,0.22±0.07;12-month-old,0.20±0.08) in two groups appeared to be nonsignificant (all P＜0.05).Conclusion The superficial chondrocytes of the tibial plateau first appeared to be hypertrophic and then apoptotic, and the matrix was further degraded when spontaneous knee osteoarthritis occurred in guinea pigs.Changes in the physiological state of chondrocytes are the initiating factors in the pathogenesis of knee OA.
Non-powder Lateral Penetrating Craniocerebral Gunshot Wound in a 10-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report
Authors: Lauren Christopher , Argie Donny , Malelak Elric Brahm , Mawardy Reza , Suranta Samuel Edhi , Junaidy Vito Masagus , Firmansyah Yohanes 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Non-powder lateral penetrating craniocerebral gunshot wounds (PCGW) is one of the lethal types of penetrating head injury. The mortality rate is higher in adults than in pediatric populations and influence by the clinical and radiologic findings as the important predictors for prognostication in patients with PGCW. Case Presentation: A 10-year-old girl presented with a gunshot wound to the head 1 day prior. She was accidentally shot by her brother with an air gun from approximately 2 feet from the gun barrel. She develops a loss of consciousness for 30 minutes and weakness over the left arm. In physical examination, the patient Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was E3 V5 M6, weakness on the left arm, and an entrance wound over the right temple without an exit wound. The skull X-ray show the pellet fragment and the computed tomography (CT) scan show the bullet track starting from the right frontotemporal towards the left parietooccipital region, damaging both hemispheres with associated intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). She undergoes a craniotomy procedure to remove the bullet fragment, debridement of the necrotic tissue, and evacuating the blood clot the formed over the bullet track. The patient discharge after postoperative day 7 with good recovery of neurological function and good GCS and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score. After 6 months follow-up, neither a new deficit nor other signs and symptoms were developed.Conclusions: Non-powder PCGW can cause significant damage to the intracranial compartment, despite its low velocity. The mortality rate in pediatrics is lower than in adults population. The management mandated an urgent surgical procedure to remove any blood clot and debridement of any foreign bodies encountered. Such complications in short- or long term can be developed in any patients and should be treated expectantly.
Plasma Osteopontin as a Biomarker of Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Cognitive Impairment: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Chai Yuek Ling , Chong Joyce R , Raquib Ainiah R , Xu Xin , Hilal Saima , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Tan Boon Yeow , Kumar Alan P , Sethi Gautam , Chen Christopher P , Lai Mitchell KP 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) and neurodegenerative dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are frequently associated comorbidities in the elderly, sharing common risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms including neuroinflammation. Osteopontin (OPN) is an inflammatory marker found upregulated in vascular diseases as well as in AD. However, its involvement in vascular dementia (VaD) and pre-dementia stages, namely cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND), both of which fall under the spectrum of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) has yet to be examined. Its correlations with inflammatory cytokines in cognitive impairment also await investigation. Methods: 80 subjects with no cognitive impairment (NCI), 160 with CIND and 144 with dementia were included in a cross-sectional study on a Singapore-based memory clinic cohort. All subjects underwent comprehensive clinical, neuropsychological and brain neuroimaging assessments, together with clinical diagnoses based on established criteria. Blood samples were collected and OPN as well as inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were measured using immunoassays. Results: Multivariate regression analyses showed significant associations between increased OPN and VCI groups, namely CIND with CeVD, AD with CeVD and VaD. Interestingly, higher OPN was also significantly associated with AD even in the absence of CeVD. We further showed that increased OPN significantly associated with neuroimaging markers of CeVD and neurodegeneration, including cortical infarcts, lacunes, white matter hyperintensities and brain atrophy. OPN also correlated with elevated levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that OPN may play a role in both VCI and neurodegenerative dementias. Further longitudinal analyses are needed to assess the prognostic utility of OPN in disease prediction and monitoring.
Quality of Life of Patients with Non-melanoma Skin Cancers and their First-degree Relatives in Shiraz, Southern Iran: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Saki Nasrin , Nezhad Maryam Mashhadi , Kasraei Hengameh , Rezaee Maryam , Haghighi Negin Fazelzadeh , Parvizi Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of both patients with non-melanoma skin cancer and their relatives.Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study on patients with non-melanoma skin cancer and their first-degree relatives referred to dermatology clinic of Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, 2018. Accordingly, patients and one of their companions were considered as the study group. Their responses to the questionnaires of Dermatology Life Quality Index and Family Dermatology Life Quality Index were analyzed using SPSS software, version 18. Results: The QoL of the patients enrolled in this study was relatively good. The mean of the QoL score for patients with non-melanoma skin cancer was 10.5 ± 6.2 for men and 13.2 ± 7.2 for women which showed a statistically significant difference (P = 0.027). In the patient's companion group, the mean of their QoL scores were 9.4 ± 5.6 in men and 10.9 ± 6.0 in women with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.149).In addition, the QoL in both groups were not related to the type of skin cancer, sex and family relations. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the overall QoL of the patients and their relatives was moderate. However, a plan for improving QoLs of both groups should be considered as a part of the illness management.
Community-based Programs for Childhood Immunization and Prevention of Childhood Diseases: Sustainable Support in Mothers’ Decision-Making – A Health Belief Model Approach
Authors: Ngandjon Jonas Kemeugni , Laengler Alfred , Ostermann Thomas 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The childhood vaccination program (EPI) is claimed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the most cost-effective intervention to reduce child mortality. Therefore, in low-income countries governments and health authorities invest in vaccination programs to reach the herd immunity. However, despite the resources allocated to the EPI, epidemics preventable through vaccines are still reported in these countries. In Cameroon, the Foumbot district in the West region has witnessed measles epidemics since 2010 and in 2013 a polio outbreak was reported. Methods: The design of this study is a cross-sectional survey. A total of 160 mothers of children between the ages of 12 to 23 months were interviewed. The Health-Belief-Model was applied to design a community-related framework regarding maternal decision-making.Results: The outcome of this survey shows that 60% of the children studied were completely vaccinated, 37.75% were partially vaccinated, and 1.25% had not received any vaccine. The logistic regression analysis shows that affiliation to Islam (OR=0.2) and a poor knowledge of infectious diseases (OR=0.3) were significant predictors of complete childhood vaccination failure. Conclusion: Starting the vaccination program at birth and a good knowledge of infectious diseases were important factors for complete childhood vaccination. Additionally, health facilities presented a shortage of qualified health personnel. Public health authorities should invest in health education programs with the goal of developing skills for health- seeking behavior in individuals and communities.
Readmission to a Different Hospital and Worse Outcomes Following Sepsis: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Lin Zhen , Han Hedong , Xu Jinfang , Cao Yang , Qin Yingyi , Wu Cheng , Wei Xin , He Jia 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIn the United States (U.S.), sepsis accounts for 13% of total hospital expenses and more than 50% of hospital deaths. People with sepsis are more likely to be readmitted. Little is known about the prevalence and outcomes of different hospital readmissions (DHR) in sepsis patients, and the factors associated with DHR have not been well studied.MethodsWe used data during 2010 to 2017 from the Nationwide Readmissions Database of the U.S. 2010 to 2017 to identify the patients with admission for sepsis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associated factors for DHR, and five models were constructed to elucidate the relationship between DHR and in-hospital outcomes.Results From 2010 to 2017, 450,560 (19.65%) of all readmitted sepsis patients in the U.S. were readmitted to a different hospital within 30 days. The prevalence of DHR increased from 18.45% in 2010 to 22.07% in 2017 (P for trend < 0.001). The factors associated with DHR included elective admission, diabetes, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, psychoses, and depression. The most common reason for readmission was infections irrespective of hospital status. DHR was associated with higher hospitalization costs [$4,909, 95% confidence interval (CI), $4,542-$5,276, P<0.001], longer length of stay (LOS) (0.97 days, 95% CI, 0.87 days-1.08 days, P<0.001), and higher risk of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio,1.08, 95% CI, 1.04-1.12, P < 0.001).ConclusionsDHR occurred for one fifth of sepsis patients in the U.S. Our findings suggest that patients readmitted to a different hospital within 30 days may experience higher in-hospital mortality, longer LOS, and higher hospitalization costs. Future studies need to examine whether continuity of care can improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis.
Comparative evaluation of effectiveness of concentrated growth factors (CGF) enriched bone graft matrix (sticky bone) with hydroxyapatite reinforced beta tricalcium phosphate and bioabsorbable membrane in treatment of class ii furcation defects -A clinical study
Authors: Ragit Gayatri , Baliga Vidya , Dhadse Prasad Vijayrao , Chimote Mosami Sunil , Nibudey Akanksha , Bhombe Komal 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Aim - To compare the effectiveness of concentrated growth factors enriched bone graft matrix (Sticky bone) with hydroxyapatite reinforced Beta TCP and bioabsorbable membrane in treatment of class II furcation defects.Method - Total 24 patients with class II furcation defects were included in the study. The parameters recorded were plaque index (PI), papillary bleeding score (PBI), horizontal probing depth (HPD), vertical probing pocket depth (V-PPD), relative clinical attachment level (R-CAL), relative gingival marginal level(R-GML) on the day of surgery and after 6 months. Results- Comparison between mean PPD reduction between groups at 6 months indicated remarkable reduction in β-TCP + GTR group by 0.83 ± 0.93mm. Similarly, mean R-CAL gain at 6 months indicated notable gain in β-TCP + GTR group by 1 ± 1.27 mm. The mean gain of R-GML (0.25 ± 1.13 mm)and HPD reduction (0.16 ± 1.02 mm)between groups at 6 months showed no statistical significance.Conclusion –Sticky bone group showed remarkable improvement from baseline in measured clinical parameters. Percentage of defects converted to class I from class II were higher in sticky bone group (83.3%) compared to HA/β-TCP + GTR group (66.6%) showed regenerative potential which can be compared to combination therapy.
Barriers to Responding to Reproductive Coercion and Abuse in Australian Primary Care
Authors: Wellington Molly , Hegarty Kelsey , Tarzia Laura 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Reproductive coercion and abuse is defined as any behaviour that seeks to control a woman’s reproductive autonomy. In Australia, women often access reproductive health care through a primary care clinician, however, little is known about clinicians’ experiences responding to reproductive coercion and abuse. This study aims to address this gap by exploring the barriers to responding to reproductive coercion and abuse in Australian primary care. Methods: Twenty-four primary care clinicians from diverse clinical settings in primary care across Australia were recruited to participate in a semi-structured interview. Data were analysed thematically.Results: Through analysis, three themes were developed: It’s not even in the frame, There’s not much we can do and There’s no one to help us.Conclusions: Many clinicians felt ill-equipped to identify and respond to reproductive coercion and abuse. Some clinicians hadn’t received any formal training, others were trained but had nowhere to refer women. Further complicating responses was a lack of support from referral services. This study highlights the need for more training and a streamlined referral pathways for women who experience reproductive coercion and abuse, as well as better access to reproductive health services in rural areas.
Characterization of γδT Cells in Lung of Plasmodium yoelii-infected C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Wei Haixia , Jin Chenxi , Peng Anping , Xie Hongyan , Xie Shihao , Feng Yuanfa , Xie Anqi , Li Jiajie , Fang Chao , Yang Quan , Qiu Huaina , Qi Yanwei , Yin Zhinan , Wang Xinhua , Huang Jun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundMalaria has high morbidity and mortality rates in most parts of tropical and subtropical countries. The lung not only works as a respiratory organ but also as an immune organ. γδT cells have multiple functions, producing cytokines and chemokines, regulating the immune response by interacting with other cells. It remains unclear about the role of γδT cells in the lung of the mice infected by malaria. MethodsFlow cytometry (FCM) was used to evaluate the changes of γδT cells and the effects of γδT cells on the phenotype and function of B and T cells in Plasmodium yoelii-infected wild-type (WT) or γδTCR knockout (γδT KO) mice. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the lungs.ResultsThe percentage and absolute number of γδT cells in the lung increased after Plasmodium infection (p < 0.05). The expressions of CD80, CD11b, and PD-1 in the γδT cells increased post-infection (p < 0.05), while the expressions of CD34, CD62L, and CD127 decreased (p < 0.05). γδT cells expressed more IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-21, IL-1α, and IL-17 (p < 0.05), but less IFN-γ (p < 0.05) post-infection. The pathological changes in the lungs of the infected γδT KO mice were not obvious compared with the infected WT mice. The proportion of CD3+ cells, absolute numbers of CD3+ cells, CD3+ CD4+ cells, CD3+ CD8+ cells decreased in γδT KO infected mice (p < 0.05). γδT KO did not make a significant difference in the surface molecular expression of T cells (p > 0.05). While, the percentage of IFN-γ-expressing CD3+ and CD3+ CD8+ cells increased in γδT KO infected mice (p < 0.05). The absolute number of B cells was not affected by γδT KO. The B cells from infected γδT KO mice expressed more ICOS (p < 0.05), but less CD80 (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe content, phenotype, and function of γδT cells in the lung of C57BL/6 mice were changed after Plasmodium infection. γδT cells play a certain role in the process of regulating the immune response of T and B cells in the lung of Plasmodium-infected mice.
Development and Evaluation of a New P. Falciparum 3D7 Blood Stage Malaria Cell Bank for Use in Malaria Volunteer Infection Studies
Authors: Woolley Stephen Derek , Fernandez Melissa , Rebelo Maria , Llewellyn Stacey , Marquart Louise , Amante Fiona , Jennings Helen , Webster Rebecca , Trenholme Katharine , Chalon Stephan , Moehrle Joerg , McCarthy James , Barber Bridget 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BackgroundNew antimalarial therapeutics are required to counter the threat of increasing drug resistance. Malaria volunteer infection studies (VIS), particularly the induced blood stage malaria (IBSM) model, play a key role in accelerating antimalarial drug development. Supply of the reference 3D7-V2 Plasmodium falciparum malaria cell bank (MCB) is limited. We aimed to develop a new MCB, and compare the safety and infectivity of this MCB with the existing 3D7-V2 MCB, in a VIS. A second bank (3D7-V1) developed in 1995 was also evaluated.MethodsWe expanded the 3D7-V2 MCB in vitro using a bioreactor to produce a new MCB designated 3D7-MBE-008. This bank and 3D7-V1 were then evaluated using the IBSM model, where healthy participants were intravenously inoculated with blood-stage parasites. Participants were treated with artemether-lumefantrine when parasitaemia or clinical thresholds were reached. Safety, infectivity and parasite growth and clearance were evaluated. ResultsThe in vitro expansion of 3D7-V2 produced 200 vials of the 3D7-MBE-008 MCB, with a parasitaemia of 4.3%. This compares to 0.1% in the existing 3D7-V2 MCB, and <0.01% in the 3D7-V1 MCB. All four participants, (two per MCB) developed detectable Plasmodium falciparum infection after inoculation with approximately 2800 parasites. The parasite multiplication rates of 48 hours (PMR48) for the two participants inoculated with 3D7-MBE-008 MCB were 26 and 61, similar to the parental (3D7-V-2) line, with both parasitaemia in both participants exceeding 10,000/mL by day 8. Growth of the 3D7-V1 was slower (PMR48 of 8 and 18), with parasitaemia exceeded 10,000 parasites/mL on days 10 and 8.5 respectively. Rapid parasite clearance followed artemether-lumefantrine treatment in all four participants (clearance half-lives of 4.01 and 4.06 hours for 3D7-MBE-008 and 4.11 and 4.52 hours for 3D7-V1). A total of 59 adverse events occurred, most were of mild severity with three being severe in the 3D7-MBE-008 study. ConclusionThe safety, growth and clearance profiles of the expanded 3D7-MBE-008 MCB closely resemble that of its parent, indicating its suitability for future studies.Trial RegistrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials registry numbers:P3487 (3D7-V1): ACTRN12619001085167P3491 (3D7-MBE-008): ACTRN12619001079134
Chemokine CXCL-2 Regulates Resistance to Platinum in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer by Mediating ATR/CHK1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Nie Sipei , Wan Yicong , Wang Hui , Liu Jinhui , Yang Jing , Sun Rui , Meng Huangyang , Ma Xiaolin , Jiang Yi , Cheng Wenjun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Backgrounds：Platinum-resistance remains a challenge to recurrence and metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and the mechanisms are unidentified. Tumor microenvironment (TME) and chemokine might play a key role in tumor chemoresistance. This study is designed to reveal the important role of CXCL-2 in causing EOC platinum-resistance. Materials and Methods: Differently expressed chemokines were selected based on the GSE114206 dataset of GEO database. Chemokines levels of platinum-sensitive and platinum-resistant EOC. Cell assays were performed and the cell stem characteristics were investigated for exploring the roles of CXCL-2 in EOC chemoresistance. We further explored the downstream signaling pathway regulated by CXCL-2 by detecting the expression of related molecules and rescue assay with the signaling inhibitor.Results: CXCL-2, CXCL-11 and CXCL-13 were found up-regulated in platinum-resistant EOC based on GSE114206 databases, and CXCL-2 was identified as key chemokine by validation. The cell assays showed overexpressing CXCL-2 and co-culturing with recombinant human CXCL-2 promoted cancer cell chemoresistance. Conversely, knocking down CXCL-2 and co-culturing with neutralizing antibody to CXCL-2 reduced cisplatin-resistance in cisplatin-resistant EOC cells. CXCL-2 levels regulated the stemness of cancer cells and activated ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)/cell cycle checkpoint kinase1 (CHK1) signaling pathway. The cancer cell chemoresistance can be saved by CXCL-2 receptor inhibitor (SB225002) and CHK1 inhibitor (SAR-020106) in vitro. Conclusion: These results identified a CXCL-2 mediated platinum-resistance mechanism in EOC, and provided a novel target for chemoresistance prevention and treatment strategies.
Prediction of the degree of pathological differentiation in tongue squamous cell carcinoma based on radiomics analysis of magnetic resonance images
Authors: Yu Baoting , Huang Chencui , Xu Jingxu , Liu Shuo , Guan Yuyao , Li Tong , Zheng Xuewei , Jun Ding 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: To explore the value of radiomics based on magnetic resonance fat-suppressed T2-weighted images in predicting the degree of pathological differentiation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC).Methods: Retrospective analysis of 87 TSCC patients who were randomly divided into a primary cohort and a test cohort. The tumour regions were manually labelled in fat-suppressed T2-weighted imaging (FS-T2WI) and PyRadiomics was used to extract radiomics features. The radiomics features were then selected by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. The model was established by the logistic regression classifier using a 5-fold cross-validation method, applied to the set and evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. Results: In total, 1132 features were extracted, and seven features were selected for modelling. The AUC in the logistic regression model for well-differentiated TSCC was 0.90 with specificity and precision values of 0.92 and 0.78, respectively, and the sensitivity for poorly differentiated TSCC was 0.74.Conclusion: In this model, there was a significant relationship between radiomics characteristics and the degree of pathological differentiation, and the degree can be predicted from MRI features using machine learning. Advances in knowledge: Texture analysis and prediction of the differentiation degree of TSCC by MRI are not only a breakthrough and innovation in the diagnosis of TSCC but are also of significance in clinical diagnosis and treatment.