bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of the use of prophylactic drain tubes post‐robotic radical prostatectomy: Dogma or decent practice?
Authors: Nzenza Tatenda C. , Ngweso Simeon , Eapen Renu , Rajarubendra Nieroshan , Bolton Damien , Murphy Declan , Lawrentschuk Nathan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the necessity of routine prophylactic drain tube use following robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).MethodWe performed a literature review using the Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases with no restriction of language from January 1900 to January 2020. The following terms we used in the literature search: prostatectomy, radical prostatectomy, robot assisted, drainage, and drain tube.ResultsWe identified six studies that examined the use of routine prophylactic drain tubes following RARP. One of these studies was a randomized study that included 189 patients, with 97 in the pelvic drain (PD) arm and 92 in the no pelvic drain (ND) arm. This non‐inferiority showed an early (90‐day) complication rate of 17.4% in the ND arm versus 26.8% in the PD arm (P < .001). Another non‐inferiority randomized control trial (RCT) showed a complication rate of 28.9% in the PD group versus 20.4% in the ND group (P = .254). Similarly, the other studies found no benefit of routine use of prophylactic drain tube after RARP.ConclusionDrain tubes play a role during robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy, however, following a review of the current available literature, they can be safely omitted and we suggest that clinicians may be selective in their use.
Repurposing a bacterial prolidase for organophosphorus hydrolysis: Reshaped catalytic cavity switches substrate selectivity
Authors: Yang Jian , Xiao Yun‐Zhu , Li Ru , Liu Yu , Long Li‐Juan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEnzyme promiscuity is critical to the acquisition of evolutionary plasticity in cells and can be recruited for high‐value chemical synthesis or xenobiotic degradation. The molecular determinants of substrate ambiguity are essential to this activity; however, these details remain unknown. Here, we performed the directed evolution of a prolidase to enhance its initially weak paraoxonase activity. The in vitro evolution led to an unexpected 1,000,000‐fold switch in substrate selectivity, with a 30‐fold increase in paraoxon hydrolysis and 40,000‐fold decrease in peptide hydrolysis. Structural and in silico analyses revealed enlarged catalytic cavities and substrate repositioning as responsible for rapid catalytic transitions between distinct chemical reactions.
Effectiveness of Natural Frequency Technology® on cognition, sleep, and mood of adults with high perceived stress: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover study
Authors: Hausenblas Heather A. , Hooper Stephanie , Knight Ashlyn , Hooper David 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionNexQuest Natural Frequency Technology® (NFT®), intended to enhance biological function using naturally occurring frequencies, may be a nonpharmacological intervention to improve stress and health. The study purpose was to determine the effectiveness of NFT® for improving stress, sleep quality, mood, and cognition in adults.MethodsUsing a double‐blind placebo‐controlled crossover design, participants with high perceived stress (N = 42, M age = 43.8) were assessed at baseline (BL) and assigned to either the Placebo Watch (PW) or Wellness Watch (WW) condition for 2 weeks, and then 2 weeks in the alternate condition. Participants completed the following self‐report surveys of Perceived Stress Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, Food Craving Questionnaire, and Profile of Mood States, as well as the CNS Vital Signs neurocognitive test at BL and following each condition.ResultsThe WW condition had significant improvements in sleep duration and Complex Attention compared to the PW group. Compared to BL, both conditions had significant improvements for perceived stress, food cravings, mood, sleep quality, and several cognitive tests, p's < .05.ConclusionDespite the placebo effect, NFT® may be a natural alterative for improving stress and health. Research is needed examining the efficacy of NFT® in a variety of populations and environments.
Flipped learning and threshold concepts in the Turbomachinery section of Fluid Engineering course
Authors: Gamez‐Montero Pedro J. , Peña Marta , Olmedo‐Torre Noelia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper outlines a practical intervention aiming to collect the effects of introducing flexible learning in engineering higher education. The work discusses the implementation of the flipped classroom method and the threshold concepts in the Turbomachinery section of Fluid Engineering course in the third year of Mechanical Engineering (Bachelor's degree) at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Fluid Engineering is traditionally one of the hardest courses involving a complex interaction between understanding concepts and using those concepts in the solution of cases, which also require the development of a set of skills. This case study is centred on two student cohorts, and the research spans over two consecutive Fall semesters. The study is based on sound pedagogy of educational technologies, in practice, frequent student‐to‐instructor interaction, academic results, and statistical and survey analyses. A principal conclusion is that overall class performance is much higher than that of the previous courses. The results indicate that learners gained understanding from semester to semester and no statistical significance was observed between group and exam format. Students were satisfied with the level of suitability and the degree of compliance of the new implementation and found it constructive in their learning process, an important educational benefit. This positive experience, in terms of benefit‐cost and outcomes, encourages the intervention without sacrificing any curriculum syllabus, but taking advantage and bringing the benefits of interactivity distance learning technologies and traditional face‐to‐face lectures. This scholarly research aims to contribute to this area, by abandoning traditional lecturing in favour of active learning.
Real‐time visual and physical cutting of a meshless model deformed on a background grid
Authors: Magnoux Vincent , Ozell Benoît 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSoft body deformation models are commonly used in surgery simulations. However, cutting those models can have a severe impact on computation times and affects the interactivity of the simulation. We propose a novel method for modeling topology and introducing cuts in a meshless soft body simulated on a background grid, as well a way to progressively update the visual aspect of the object by adding a small number of triangles to the surface mesh to cover the cut area. We determine that the accuracy of the deformation is preserved after cutting by comparing our method to a finite element method. Tests show that this new method achieves interactive simulation rates with more than 10,000 elements while cutting the model and reconstructing the mesh. Our separation of the visual and physical aspects of the simulation allows for more flexibility when tuning the performance of the simulation. Topology modifications have little impact on computation times for either physical or visual changes.
Hexokinase II Inhibitory Effect of Secondary Metabolites Derived from a Streptomyces sp. Associated with Mud Dauber Wasp
Authors: Zhang Xiu‐Mei , Peng Ai‐Hong , Xie Wei‐Dong , Wang Mei , Zheng Dan , Feng Ming‐Kuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractInsect‐microbial symbioses have vast biochemical diversity, which is beneficial to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. In this study, chemical examination of a Streptomyces sp. associated with a mud dauber wasp led to the isolation of fourteen compounds. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature data. Among the isolates, compounds 1,2,3‐benzotriazin‐4(1H)‐one and 4‐(2‐aminoethyl)phenyl acetate were first reported from this species. Bioactivities of the isolated compounds were assayed for the first time against hexokinase II. 4‐(2‐Aminoethyl)phenyl acetate, germicidin B, phenylacetic acid, isogermicidin A and germicidin C displayed significant inhibitory activity against hexokinase II, with the IC50 values of 5.11, 7.11, 7.15, 8.45 and 8.78 μM, respectively.
Visible Light‐Induced Copper‐Catalyzed C—H Arylation of Benzoxazoles†
Authors: Ma Xiaodong , Zhang Guozhu 
Published: June 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionA general method for visible light‐induced copper‐catalyzed arylation of sp2 C—H bonds of azoles has been developed. The method employs aryl halide as the coupling partner, lithium alkoxide as base. A variety of azoles including benzooxazole and benzothiazole can be arylated. Furthermore, electron‐poor heterocycles such as thiophene possessing one electron‐withdrawing group can also be arylated.
Synthesis of π‐Extended Carbazoles via One‐Pot C—C Coupling and Chlorination Promoted by FeCl3
Authors: Qian Yang , Shang Jia , Lyu Zhen‐Hua , Huang Xin , Guan Ai‐jiao , Xu Li‐Jin , Gong Han‐Yuan 
Published: June 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionA facile synthesis, functionalization, and emission property of N‐doped carbon‐rich halogenated compound 3,6,12,15‐tetrachloro‐9‐phenyl‐9H‐tetrabenzo[a,c,g,i]carbazole (ClCbz) was reported. Cost‐effective FeCl3 catalyst serves to break eight C—H bonds of 1,2,3,4,5‐pentaphenylpyrrole (1) and subsequently construct two C—C and four C—Cl bonds in one pot with a high yield of up to 75%.
Construction of Metallacycle‐Linked Heteroarm Star Polymers via Orthogonal Post‐Assembly Polymerization and Their Intriguing Self‐Assembly into Large‐Area and Regular Nanocubes†
Authors: Jiang Shu‐Ting , Zheng Wei , Yang Guang , Zhu Yu , Chen Li‐Jun , Zhou Qi‐Feng , Wang Yu‐Xuan , Li Zhen , Yin Guang‐Qiang , Li Xiaopeng , Ding Hong‐Ming , Chen Guosong , Yang Hai‐Bo 
Published: June 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionIn recent years, synthesis of hybrid heteroarm star polymer with precisely defined arms has evolved to be one of the most attractive topics within polymer chemistry. In this study, we present the successful synthesis of metallacycle‐linked heteroarm star polymers (HASPs) composed of crystalline poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and polyacrylate (poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) segments via combination of ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) and reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) controlled radical polymerization. Firstly, a hexagonal metallacycle containing three hydroxy groups and three chain transfer agent moieties at the alternative vertexes was designed and synthesized based on the general principle of coordination‐driven self‐assembly. Subsequently, upon combination of two orthogonal post‐assembly polymerizations, a new family of HASPs containing a well‐defined hexagonal metallacycle with precisely controlled position of polymer arms was facilely prepared. Interestingly, the obtained HASPs could spontaneously self‐assemble into large‐area and regular cubic nanoparticles in tetrahydrofuran (THF)/methanol (MeOH) mixed solvents under specific conditions as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). This study provides a simple route to the controllable preparation of HASPs, and opens up a new way for further study on self‐assembly of different HASPs systems.
Fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status for breast cancer cases in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Kok Jessica Pei Chii , Haji Abdul Hamid Mas Rina Wati , Patnaik Ravi Sekhar , Kok Kenneth Yuh Yen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is one of the leading cancers among females of Brunei Darussalam. There are four subtypes of breast cancer, including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER‐2) positive breast cancer, which is known to be more aggressive and have a poor prognosis.AimThis study aims to assess the proportion of HER‐2 positive cases and the association of HER‐2 positivity with patients' epidemiological and clinicopathological factors in Brunei Darussalam.Methods and resultsA total of 146 breast cancer cases that were sent for fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2016 were obtained from The Brunei Cancer Centre, Brunei Darussalam. Data analysis was done with regards to age at diagnosis, ethnicity, stage at diagnosis and HER‐2 results by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and FISH.Majority of the study population were diagnosed before the age of 50 years and the median age was 52.0 years. 58.2% (n = 85) cases were reported as IHC 3+, followed by 23.3% (n = 34) IHC 2+ cases and 18.5% (n = 27) negative cases. The proportion of true HER‐2 positive cases in total by FISH analysis was 34.9% (n = 51). Majority of Stage IV HER‐2 positive cases had metastases to the liver or bones.ConclusionsAge at diagnosis is significant in determining HER‐2 status of tumours by FISH (P = .045). Tumour size (P < .001) and lymph node (P = .006) are significant in metastases of tumours. The proportion of HER‐2 positive cases is consistent with findings from the Asian region but higher than that of Western countries. Determining false‐positive and false‐negative results by IHC test is important to ensure adequate treatment for patients with breast cancer.
Compassion‐focused therapy for body weight shame: A mixed methods pilot trial
Authors: Carter Alicia , Gilbert Paul , Kirby James N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIndividuals with bigger bodies (body mass index greater than 30) often experience body weight shame and are at increased risk for mental health vulnerabilities such as depression and anxiety. To date, there have been no studies specifically designed and pilot tested to help with body weight shame for individuals with bigger bodies that do not have a diagnosed clinical condition. The aim of current study is to investigate the initial feasibility of compassion‐focused therapy (CFT) as a 12‐session group intervention for the reduction in body weight shame for individuals with bigger bodies. The study used a mixed method repeated measure design, with both quantitative and qualitative measures, to assess the initial feasibility of the CFT group‐based intervention. Participants (N= 5) attended a 12‐session/2‐h group CFT programme aimed to directly target body weight shame by cultivating compassion. Measurements were conducted at three time points (pre‐, post‐ and 3‐month follow‐up intervention). Results indicated that CFT had a positive impact on reducing body weight shame, increasing compassion and improving health‐engaging behaviours. Qualitative feedback indicated the importance of the group dynamics to help with the de‐shaming of body appearance for individuals. Results from this feasibility trial are promising, and future research using randomized controlled trial methodologies should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of CFT as a treatment option for body weight shame for individuals with bigger bodies.
CRISPR/Cas9‐Based Genome Editing Using Rice Zygotes
Authors: Toda Erika , Okamoto Takashi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGenome‐editing technology involving the targeted mutagenesis of plants using programmable nucleases has been developing rapidly and has enormous potential in next‐generation plant breeding. Its application has been hindered in many cases, however, due to technical hurdles, such as the low rate of macromolecule delivery into plant cells and tissues or difficulties in plant transformation and regeneration. Here, a protocol for CRISPR/Cas9‐based genome editing using rice zygotes is described. The genome‐editing system is constructed via polyethylene glycol/calcium‐mediated transfection with CRISPR/Cas9 components in rice zygotes, which are produced by in vitro fertilization of isolated rice gametes. Plasmid DNA harboring a CRISPR/Cas9 expression cassette or preassembled Cas9 protein–guide RNA ribonucleoproteins is transfected into zygotes, resulting in the regeneration of plants with a high frequency of the targeted mutation, which is either mono‐allelic or bi‐allelic, in the range of about 4% to 64%. Application of the present method has the potential to advance the molecular breeding of other crop species as well as rice. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Synovial fluid CD69+CD8+ T cells with tissue‐resident phenotype mediate perforin‐dependent citrullination in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Jung Jae Hyung , Lee Jung Sun , Kim Yong‐Gil , Lee Chang‐Keun , Yoo Bin , Shin Eui‐Cheol , Hong Seokchan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesAlthough the importance of tissue‐resident memory T (TRM) cells in organ‐specific chronic inflammation has been recognised, little is known about their role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we examined the characteristics of synovial fluid CD8+ T cells that express canonical TRM markers CD69 and CD103, and their role in the pathogenesis of RA.MethodsSynovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) were obtained from patients with RA. Flow cytometric analysis of surface markers and cytotoxic molecules of CD8+ T cells was performed. TCR repertoire of CD8+ T cells was analysed by TCRVβ CDR3 sequencing. Citrullination with the formation of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining.ResultsThe frequency of CD8+ T cells was increased in SFMCs, and these CD8+ T cells were primarily comprised of CD45RA‐ memory T cells expressing CD69 and/or CD103. CD69+CD8+ T cells exhibited TRM phenotypes, including upregulation of CXCR6, CD49a and CD101, and downregulation of S1PR1 and KLF2. TCR repertoire analysis showed that these cells were an oligoclonally expanded population with increased expression of cytotoxic molecules. The treatment of neutrophils with supernatant from IL‐15‐stimulated CD69+CD8+ T cells induced perforin‐mediated histone citrullination and NET formation irrespective of their CD103 expression. The frequency of perforin‐expressing cells among CD69+CD8+ T cells in SFMCs was significantly higher in patients with anti‐citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) than in those without ACPA.ConclusionCD69+CD8+ T cells in the SFMCs of RA patients exhibit TRM‐like features. These cells may participate in the pathogenesis of RA via perforin‐mediated citrullination.
Sanguinarine suppresses migration and metastasis in colorectal carcinoma associated with the inversion of EMT through the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling
Authors: Zhu Man , Gong Zhengyan , Wu Qing , Shi Xianpeng , Su Qi , Zhang Yanmin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnresectable lung or liver organ metastases of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) remain a major obstacle in clinical therapeutics. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a major cause of highly frequent metastasis in tumor, can be promoted by the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway that is aberrantly activated in approximately 90% of CRC. This research aimed to elucidate the antimetastatic potential of sanguinarine (SG) in CRC and the underlying molecular mechanism.MethodsThe in vitro anticancer effect of SG was determined via cell viability experiment and colony formation assay. Xenograft model of nude mice was used to confirm the antitumor effect of SG in vivo. The antimetastatic potential of SG was investigated by the metastasis model of nude mice, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, migration assay, and wound‐healing analysis. Immunoblotting analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and immunohistochemistry assay were conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanism.ResultsIn this study, we reported that SG has a selective inhibitory effect on LoVo cells with metastatic characteristics. Furthermore, our results showed attenuation in the migration and metastatic ability of SG‐treated LoVo cells and also decreased metastatic nodules of liver and lung in mice metastasis model. This was also confirmed at the molecular level via H&E staining. Further study revealed that SG had negative impacts on the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and EMT markers in LoVo cells both in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsTaken together, the antimetastatic potential of SG attributed to the suppression of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling, which further prevented EMT progression. SG may be of value in a potential therapy for the management of metastasis CRC.
Nomograms for predicting specific distant metastatic sites and overall survival of colorectal cancer patients: A large population‐based real‐world study
Authors: Mo Shaobo , Cai Xin , Zhou Zheng , Li Yaqi , Hu Xiang , Ma Xiaoji , Zhang Long , Cai Sanjun , Peng Junjie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to develop functional nomograms to predict specific distant metastatic sites and overall survival (OS) of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.MethodsCRC case data were retrospectively recruited from a large population‐based public dataset. Nomograms were developed to predict the probabilities of specific distant metastatic sites and OS of CRC patients. The performance of nomogram was evaluated with the concordance index (C‐index), calibration curves, area under the curve (AUC), and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsA total of 142 343 cases were included in the current study. On the basis of univariate and multivariate analyses, clinicopathological features were correlated with specific distant metastatic sites and survival outcomes and were used to establish nomograms. The nomograms showed excellent accuracy in predicting specific distant metastatic sites. The C‐indexes for the prediction of liver, lung, bone, and brain metastases were 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.81‐0.83), 0.80 (95% CI, 0.78‐0.81), 0.83 (95% CI, 0.79‐0.86), and 0.73 (95% CI, 0.72‐0.84), respectively. Then, a prognostic nomogram integrating clinicopathological features and specific distant metastatic sites was established to predict 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year OS of CRC, with AUCs of 0.764 (95% CI, 0.741‐0.783), 0.762 (95% CI, 0.745‐0.781), and 0.745 (95% CI, 0.730‐0.761), respectively. DCA showed that the prognostic nomogram had a better clinical application value than current TNM staging system.ConclusionsBased on clinicopathological features, original nomograms were constructed for clinicians to predict specific distant metastatic sites and OS of CRC patients. These models could help to support the postoperative personalized assessment.