bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis disclosure in patients with serious diseases
Authors: Abdulah Deldar Morad , Saeed Mahir Sadullah , Mohammed Ary Habeeb 
Published: December 2019

Background: One of the most complicated ethical issues facing clinicians is whether they should disclose the diagnostic or prognostic information to patients. In this regard, the clinicians’ attitudes toward telling the truth about their patients’ health conditions and predictors of non-disclosing information were examined in this cross-sectional study.Methods: A purposive sample of clinicians (n = 98) with different educational levels and medical specialties was invited to this survey from different tertiary care hospitals in Iraqi Kurdistan. The research items of attitudes were drawn from the literature.Results: The majority of the clinicians (65.3%) reported that breaking bad news is not an easy task. More than half of them (56.1%) preferred to tell the truth to the family rather than patients. The clinicians agreed to not disclose the information to the patients owing to cultural beliefs (27.5%), physiological impacts (37.7%), and non-cooperation of the patients in the therapeutic plan (28.6%). More than half of them (60.2%) mentioned that information disclosure might not necessarily be desired or helpful for patients at a specific time. Patients’ non-cooperation in treatment was determined to be a sole predictor for not-disclosing information about serious diseases.Conclusions: The study suggests that breaking bad news is not an easy task. We confirmed that medical information is not disclosed to the patients by a considerable number of clinicians in this region. Non-cooperation of the patients in the therapeutic plan was the predictor that clinicians do not disclose the information.
De ruimtegevende wetgever
Authors: de Kok D.R.P. 
Published: December 2019

De ruimtegevende wetgever. Het right to challenge in vergelijking tot andere ruimtegevende instrumenten
In zijn jaarverslag over 2018 presenteert de Raad van State zijn ideaal van de wet als een pijler van ‘buigzaam beton’. Met dat ‘beton’ (rechtszekerheid) zit het bij de Raad wel goed, maar die buigzaamheid (flexibiliteit) komt er wat bekaaid af. Daarom gaat dit artikel in op manieren om die flexibiliteit in wetgeving te bereiken. Die manieren worden gecategoriseerd en voorzien van commentaar. Uiteraard komt daarbij ook het right to challenge aan bod, als één van die instrumenten en als benchmark voor de andere. Het artikel sluit af met aanbevelingen tot aanpassing van de Aanwijzingen voor de regelgeving.
De wettelijke regeling van het right to challenge in de praktijk
Authors: Driessen E.M.M.A. , Boogaard G. , den Ouden W. 
Published: December 2019

De wettelijke regeling van het right to challenge in de praktijk. Much ado about nothing?
In het regeerakkoord werd een right to challenge-regeling aangekondigd, maar op welke manier deze regeling vorm moest krijgen, was nog de vraag. In hun eerder verrichte onderzoek komen de auteurs tot de conclusie dat zo’n regeling geen begaanbare weg is. Dat neemt niet weg dat er door het hele land verschillende regelingen te vinden zijn die worden gepresenteerd als een vorm van invoering van het right to challenge. In dit artikel onderzoeken de auteurs deze regelingen. Zijn het wel échte right to challenge-regelingen en komen zij tegemoet aan de knelpunten waarmee challengers te maken hebben?
Een andere benadering van het right to challenge
Authors: Kwast O. 
Published: December 2019

Een andere benadering van het right to challenge. De concessie als kern van een algemene regeling?
Een algemene regeling van het uitdaagrecht lijkt verkeken. Te veel knelpunten. Maar wat als dat geen obstakels zijn voor wettelijke regeling, maar symptomen van het ontbreken daarvan? Deze bijdrage laat zien dat een algemene regeling denkbaar is, door niet het uitdaagrecht zelf te regelen, maar de bevoegdheid om over een uitdaging te beslissen. De concessie is daarvan de kern. En als een algemene regeling van concessies denkbaar is, dan is een regeling voor buurtconcessies als gemeentelijk instrument voor het uitdaagrecht dat ook.
Grunnleggjande fagleg? Framstillinga av fagleg innhald, grunnleggjande ferdigheiter og eleven i fagplanane for norsk og musikk
Authors: Kjelen Hallvard 
Published: December 2019

Denne artikkelen tek føre seg forholdet mellom fag og grunnleggjande ferdigheiter. Gjennom ein analyse av Kunnskapsløftets fagplanar for norsk og musikk freistar eg å vise korleis dei grunnleggjande ferdigheitene er integrerte i faga på ulike måtar. Norskfaget er konstruert som eit literacyfag der det faglege innhaldet i nokon grad kan synast å vere underordna oppøvinga av grunnleggjande ferdigheiter. I musikkfaget er dei grunnleggjande ferdigheitene betre integrert i det musikkfaglege, og faget står tydelegare fram. Det er dermed grunn til å hevde at dei grunnleggjande ferdigheitene ikkje berre inngår i faga på fagas premiss slik rammeverket legg opp til. Det er òg slik at fagkonstruksjonane i varierande grad er tilpassa dei grunnleggjande ferdigheitene.Nøkkelord: læreplanar, norskfaget, musikkfaget, grunnleggjande ferdigheiter, literacy, fagspesifikke ferdigheiterAbstractThis article discusses the relationship between subjects and basic skills. Through an analysis of The Knowledge Promotion’s curricula for Norwegian language arts and music, I show how the five basic skills identified in the Knowledge Promotion are integrated into the subjects in different ways. Norwegian is designed as a literacy subject, where the subject content to some extent appears to be subordinated to the development of basic skills. In music, the basic skills are better integrated into the subject, and the subject stands out more clearly against the background. One may thus reasonably claim that the basic skills are not only included in the subjects on the subject’s terms, which is the aim of the framework. The subjects are to varying degrees adapted to the basic skills.Keywords: curriculum, basic skills, literacy, subject-spesific literacy, language arts, music
Growth Response of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Seedlings to Application of Cocoa Pod Husk-based Compost
Authors: Dogbatse Jerome A. , Arthur A. , Amoaku-Attah I. , Quaye A. K. , Konlan S. , Owusu-Ansah F. , Djan E. , Amon-Armah F. 
Published: December 2019

Aim: To study the effects of cocoa pod husk based compost: Soil mixtures on growth of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seedlings.
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a Complete Randomized Design with four replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the main nursery of Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana at New Tafo - Akim (06°13’ N and 00°22’ W) in the Eastern Region of Ghana, between November, 2016 and December 2017.
Methodology: Surface soil classified as Ferric Lixisols together with four compost types produced from cocoa pod husk, poultry manure and Panicum maximum was used to fill polythene bags. A Soil alone (T1) and Soil + standard foliar fertilizer (T2) with a four compost:soil mixture treatments namely T3 - 1:1 w/w, T4 - 1:2 w/w, T5 -1:3 w/w and T6 - 2:1 w/w were tested. Each of the four compost types was used for T3 to T6. Surface soil, poultry manure, compost and compost-soil mixtures were carried out using standard laboratory procedures. Mixed hybrid cocoa seedlings were raised and growth evaluated monthly.
Results: Interaction effect was observed between compost types and compost-soil mixtures on dry matter yield of cocoa seedlings. Cocoa seedlings grown in T5 of compost 1 had the highest dry matter yield. Higher shoot: root ratio of cocoa seedlings were observed in compost 1. The order of desirability for the four compost types in terms of compost-soil mixtures was compost:soil (1:3 w/w) > compost:soil (1:2 w/w) > compost:soil (2:1 w/w) > compost:soil (1:1 w/w). CMPT1 will ensure more vigorous cocoa seedlings growth after transplanting and subsequently, higher establishment rate.
Conclusion: The optimum mixture of compost and soil for growing cocoa seedlings under limited availability of fertile surface soil is compost 1 mixed with surface soil at the ratio of 1:3.
Climate Resilient Millets for Food and Nutrition Security for All Seasons: Time to Promote
Authors: Suneetha W. Jessie , Kumar J. Hemanth , Kumari B. Anila , Rao P. Jagan Mohan , Ranjitha P. Sri , Kumar K. Ravi , Phanisree P. N. M. , Srinivas D. 
Published: December 2019

Millets are climate-resilient crops adaptable to wide variety of ecological conditions requiring less water for irrigation with better growth and productivity in low nutrient soils. They require low artificial fertilizers application and show minimal vulnerability to environmental stresses. There is need to revive the importance of millet groups as health foods to enhance food and nutritional security. Millets contain high amounts of proteins, fiber, niacin, thiamine and riboflavin, methionine, lecithin and little of vitamin E. They are rich in minerals like iron, magnesium, calcium and potassium also. Millets due to their nutritive value have potential health benefits to prevent cancers, decrease the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, reduce tumor proliferation, lower blood pressure, risk of heart diseases, cholesterol content, rate of fat absorption, delayed gastric emptying and increased gastrointestinal bulk. Value-addition to millet grains as ready-to-eat and ready-to-cook items offers good opportunity to farmers for enhanced income generation, promotes production and marketing leading to nutritional security, employment and revenue generation.
The Effects of Hydro Priming Intervals on the Germination and Yield of Kidney Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the Humid Forest Zone of Cameroon
Authors: Kisito Mbiankeu Saint , Shu Che Samuel , Monono Ekwa Y. , Tata-Kong Arnold , S. Mbomi Elizabeth 
Published: December 2019

The aim of this research was to evaluate the appropriate hydro-priming interval on germination, growth and yield of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
The experiment was conducted in a Completely Randomized Block Design, with five treatments, replicated thrice.
This study was conducted at the agricultural research farm of Pan African Institute for Development – West Africa (PAID-WA), Buea from August to October 2017.
The Five treatments were: T1 (Unprimed or control), T2 (Hydro-primed for 6 hours), T3 (Hydro-primed for 12 hours), T4 (Hydro-primed for 18 hours), and T5 (Hydro-primed for 24 hours). Data were collected on percentage germination, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, number of pods, pod weight and grain yield.
The result revealed there was a significant increase in days (P < 0.05) in the germination percentage of some primed seeds and unprimed seeds across the treatment. There was not any significant difference (P > 0.05) in plant height, number of leaves, plant girth from T1 to T5. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the number of pots among the primed treatments. Yield of beans also showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) with unprimed and primed plants. Seeds of T2, T3, T4, T5 produced the following yields 11.1 kg/ha, 22.3 kg/ha, 172.3 kg/ha, 277.8 kg/ha more than unprimed seeds (control) respectively.
This study showed that hydro primed seeds for 6 hours produced the best growth and development aspect as well as the yield, despite the low germination percentage as compared to the unprimed and the other primed seeds.
Association between dental consultation and oral health status among male Japanese employees
Authors: Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Nonoyama Toshiya , Miyano Yoshikazu , Miyata Yasushi , Hisada Kazuaki , Nagasawa Tsuneyasu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the association between dental consultation and oral health status among male Japanese employees.

Methods
The participants were 3351 male employees who received a workplace oral health examination conducted at the ages of 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 59 years before retirement in conjunction with an annual health checkup. Data on dental expenditures were collected from health insurance claims. The number of dental visits and dental care expenses, alone or in combination, were used as indices of the dental consultation status for the analyses. The effects of dental consultation status on oral health status (number of total teeth, number of decayed teeth, and periodontal status) were analyzed using multivariate multinomial logistic regression analyses adjusted for confounders.

Results
Multivariate analyses revealed that the odds ratio (OR) for 20-27 teeth (losing 1-8 teeth) was significantly higher (OR 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-1.7) in those who had a high number of dental visits and high dental care expenses than in those who did not have a dental visit. By contrast, the ORs for ≤19 teeth (losing ≥9 teeth), having ≥3 decayed teeth, or having a periodontal pocket ≥6 mm were significantly lower (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.6; OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.6; OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-1.0, respectively) in those who had fewer dental visits and lower dental care expenses.

Conclusions
These results imply that the dental consultation status is associated with oral health status among male employees.
Luck
Authors: Hamayon Roberte , Simon Damien 
Published: December 2019

Luck, as a selective immaterial attribute from which one expects good things to happen, belongs to a family of notions (grace, fortune, fate, etc.) that aims to replace probabilistic or hidden causalities through alternative causalities that humans believe they can influence—hence divinatory and propitiatory practices and religious rituals—which are broadly distinguishable according to whether the purpose is individual or collective. Luck requires an active personal commitment and some degree of social redistribution. While it can be fostered, it is ultimately perceived as uncontrollable; it can be triggered by opportunity (
kairos
) and may conflict with merit. Often there is no identifiable source for good luck, while bad luck must be clearly identified to be repelled. This asymmetry is reflected through a gender divide in the ethnographic record: While figures that bring luck are mostly generic and female, figures that repel misfortune are mostly identifiably human and male.
A 6π Azaelectrocyclization Strategy towards the 1,5,9‐Triazacoronenes
Authors: Sun Yi‐Xun , Wang Xiao‐Gang , Shen Guo‐Dong , Yang Tian , Yang Yi‐Hui , Li Jing , Yang Ming‐Yu , Sun Hua‐Ming , Wei Jun‐Fa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present the instance of two aromatic double bonds and an imine double bond involved thermal 6π‐azaelectrocyclization and, on this basis, a one‐step synthesis of triazacoronenes (TACs) from triphenylene‐1,5,9‐triamines and aldehydes under nonacidic conditions. This method has several advantages such as simplicity, high yields, and extensive substrate scope. A plausible reaction mechanism has been proposed with several experimental supports. A typical derivative shows a unique dimer holding together via a π‐π interaction and six H‐bonds and a zigzag superstructure stabilized by three centered H‐bonds and Br ⋅⋅⋅ π interaction between the adjacent dimers.magnified image
Circ‐MALAT1 Functions as Both an mRNA Translation Brake and a microRNA Sponge to Promote Self‐Renewal of Hepatocellular Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Chen Liang , Kong Ruijiao , Wu Cong , Wang Shuo , Liu Zixin , Liu Shupeng , Li Shuiping , Chen Tian , Mao Chuanbin , Liu Shanrong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBoth circular RNAs (circRNAs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are separately known to be involved in cancer, but their interaction remains unclear. Here, the regulation of hepatocellular CSC self‐renewal is discovered by a circRNA, circ‐MALAT1, which is produced by back‐splicing of a long noncoding RNA, MALAT1. Circ‐MALAT1 is highly expressed in CSCs from clinical hepatocellular carcinoma samples under the mediation of an RNA‐binding protein, AUF1. Surprisingly, circMALAT1 functions as a brake in ribosomes to retard PAX5 mRNA translation and promote CSCs' self‐renewal by forming an unprecedented ternary complex with both ribosomes and mRNA. The discovered braking mechanism of a circRNA, termed mRNA braking, along with its more traditional role of miRNA sponging, uncovers a dual‐faceted pattern of circRNA‐mediated post‐transcriptional regulation for maintaining a specific cell state.
Receiving the news of Down syndrome in the era of prenatal testing
Authors: Crombag Neeltje MTH , Page‐Christiaens Godelieve CML , Skotko Brian G. , de Graaf Gert 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the prenatal trajectory and the experiences of mothers of a child with Down syndrome (DS) at the time of receiving information or test results when participating in a nationwide prenatal screening program.MethodsAn online questionnaire study was completed by mothers of children with DS born between January 1, 2010 and February 28, 2016 (n= 212). Data were collected between February 15 and 28, 2016.ResultsMost of the live born children with DS were diagnosed postnatally. The majority of their mothers had explicitly chosen not to have prenatal DS screening. Of the 39 mothers prenatally informed their child might have DS, only 49% were completely or mostly satisfied about the information provided by their clinical providers at that time. About 16% of women (of the 38 that answered this question) recall some perceived emphasis on the option of terminating pregnancy as the first choice. Mothers who had received a postnatal diagnosis rated the experience as more positive than their counterparts who received prenatal diagnoses.ConclusionWith recent developments in screening, more parents are expected to receive a DS diagnosis before birth. Meeting the parents' individual counseling needs at the time of prenatal diagnosis requires careful exploration of their personal values and preferences.
Visible Light‐ and Heat‐Promoted C−O Coupling Reaction of Phenols and Aryl Halides
Authors: Yang Qing‐Qing , Liu Na , Yan Jia‐Ying , Ren Zhi‐Lin , Wang Long 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA visible light‐ and heat‐promoted C‐O coupling reaction of phenols and aryl halides has been described. Compared to the traditional C‐O coupling reactions promoted by visible light, this strategy avoids the use of transition metals, photocatalysts and ligands. Moreover, the reaction has good substrate universality, suitable for substituted phenol, naphthol and heterocyclic phenol derivatives.
Influence of vitamin D receptor gene FokI and ApaI polymorphisms on glucocorticoid response in patients with asthma
Authors: Mohamed Nesrine A. , Abdel‐Rehim Asmaa S. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundGlucocorticoid (GC)‐resistant asthma, a complex disease phenotype, has a high morbidity and mortality and takes up a disproportionate share of healthcare costs. The aim of this work was to assess serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)VD) levels in steroid‐resistant, steroid‐sensitive patients with asthma and in healthy controls, and to investigate the association between the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) FokI and ApaI polymorphisms and GC resistance in patients with asthma.MethodsThis case‐control study included 70 patients with severe bronchial asthma and 30 apparently healthy controls. Atopic status was determined by skin‐prick test reaction to the most common locally‐encountered allergens. A GC reversibility test was performed to differentiate between GC‐sensitive and GC‐resistant asthma. For all subjects, analysis of the VDR FokI and ApaI polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) and measurement of serum 25(OH)VD levels by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed.ResultsThe frequencies of FokI polymorphism genotypes and alleles differed significantly between patients with asthma and controls. The frequencies of the TT genotype and T allele carriers were significantly higher among patients with asthma than among controls, and also among GC‐resistant patients with asthma than among GC‐sensitive patients with asthma. Additionally, serum 25(OH)VD levels differed significantly among the 3 VDR FokI polymorphic genotypes in GC‐resistant patients with asthma; the highest level was detected in the TT genotype. No significant differences in ApaI were found.ConclusionWe found a possible association between the FokI T allele and GC resistance in patients with asthma. Variations in VDR FokI might also play a role in 25(OH)VD levels.
Onion‐like Multifunctional Microtrap Vehicles for Attraction–Trapping–Destruction of Biological Threats
Authors: Soto Fernando , Kupor Daniel , Lopez‐Ramirez Miguel Angel , Wei Fanan , Karshalev Emil , Tang Songsong , Tehrani Farshad , Wang Joseph 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA multifunctional motile microtrap is developed that is capable of autonomously attracting, trapping, and destroying pathogens by controlled chemoattractant and therapeutic agent release. The onion‐inspired multi‐layer structure contains a magnesium engine core and inner chemoattractant and therapeutic layers. Upon chemical propulsion, the magnesium core is depleted, resulting in a hollow structure that exposes the inner layers and serves as structural trap. The sequential dissolution and autonomous release of the chemoattractant and killing agents result in long‐range chemotactic attraction, trapping, and destruction of motile pathogens. The dissolved chemoattractant (l‐serine) significantly increases the accumulation and capture of motile pathogens (E. coli) within the microtrap structure, while the internal release of silver ions (Ag+) leads to lysis of the pathogen accumulated within the microtrap cavity.
A Chemical Proteomic Probe for the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier Complex
Authors: Yamashita Yu , Vinogradova Ekaterina V. , Zhang Xiaoyu , Suciu Radu M. , Cravatt Benjamin F. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTarget engagement assays are crucial for establishing the mechanism‐of‐action of small molecules in living systems. Integral membrane transporters can present a challenging protein class for assessing cellular engagement by small molecules. The chemical proteomic discovery of alpha‐chloroacetamide (αCA) compounds that covalently modify cysteine‐54 (C54) of the MPC2 subunit of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) is presented. This finding is used to create an alkyne‐modified αCA, YY4‐yne, that serves as a cellular engagement probe for MPC2 in click chemistry‐enabled western blotting or global mass spectrometry‐based proteomic experiments. Studies with YY4‐yne revealed that UK‐5099, an alpha‐cyanocinnamate inhibitor of the MPC complex, engages MPC2 with remarkable selectivity in human cells. These findings support a model where UK‐5099 inhibits the MPC complex by binding to C54 of MPC2 in a covalent reversible manner that can be quantified in cells using the YY4‐yne probe.