bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Predictors of Prolonged Hypotension After Open Surgery for Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas
Authors: Kong Hao , Li Nan , Tian Jie , Li Xue‐Ying 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundProlonged hypotension is a common complication after surgery for pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs). It places patients at an increased risk of major morbidities and even death. The objective of the study was to investigate the risk predictors of prolonged hypotension in patients undergoing open surgery for PPGLs.MethodsThe present study adopted a retrospective, single‐center design. Patients who underwent open surgery for PPGLs were enrolled from January 1, 2002, to December 31, 2018, at Peking University First Hospital. Perioperative variables were screened from patients’ electronic medical records. Prolonged hypotension was defined as hypotension that required continuous catecholamine support for at least 30 min to maintain a systolic blood pressure of > 90 mmHg after surgery.ResultsA total of 162 patients were included in the study. Fifty‐two patients (31.1%) had prolonged hypotension with a median vasopressor support duration of 14 h (IQR = 4–30 h). Body mass index <24 kg/m2 (OR = 3.015, 95% CI 1.217–7.467; P = 0.017), larger tumor size (OR = 1.146, 95% CI 1.014–1.295; P = 0.029), and higher plasma norepinephrine concentration (OR = 1.053, 95% CI 1.019–1.087; P = 0.002) were associated with prolonged hypotension. Patients with prolonged hypotension had a higher incidence of complication, were more frequently admitted to the intensive care unit, underwent mechanical ventilation for a longer duration, and had a longer postoperative hospital stay when compared to those without.ConclusionBody mass index < 24 kg/m2, larger tumor size, and higher plasma norepinephrine concentration are independent risk predictors of prolonged hypotension in patients undergoing open surgery for PPGLs.
Propagation of spontaneous electrical activity in the ex vivo human uterus
Authors: Kuijsters Nienke P.M. , Sammali Federica , Ye Xin , Blank Celine , Xu Lin , Mischi Massimo , Schoot Benedictus C. , Rabotti Chiara 
Published: July 2020

AbstractContractions of the non-pregnant uterus play a key role in fertility. Yet, the electrophysiology underlying these contractions is poorly understood. In this paper, we investigate the presence of uterine electrical activity and characterize its propagation in unstimulated ex vivo human uteri. Multichannel electrohysterographic measurements were performed in five freshly resected human uteri starting immediately after hysterectomy. Using an electrode grid externally and an electrode array internally, measurements were performed up to 24 h after hysterectomy and compared with control. Up to 2 h after hysterectomy, we measured biopotentials in all included uteri. The median root mean squared (RMS) values of the external measurements ranged between 3.95 μV (interquartile range (IQR) 2.41–14.18 μV) and 39.4 μV (interquartile range (IQR) 10.84–105.64 μV) and were all significantly higher than control (median RMS of 1.69 μV, IQR 1.13–3.11 μV), consisting of chicken breast meat. The RMS values decreased significantly over time. After 24 h, the median RMS (1.27 μV, IQR 0.86–3.04 μV) was comparable with the control (1.69 μV, IQR 1.13–3.11 μV, p = 0.125). The internal measurements showed a comparable pattern over time, but overall lower amplitude. The measured biopotentials propagated over the uterine surface, following both a plane-wave as well as an erratic pattern. No clear pacemaker location nor a preferred propagation direction could be identified. These results show that ex vivo uteri can spontaneously generate propagating biopotentials and provide novel insight contributing to improving our understanding of the electrophysiology of the human non-pregnant uterus.
Adaptive differential evolution with a new joint parameter adaptation method
Authors: Leon Miguel , Xiong Ning 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDifferential evolution (DE) is a population-based metaheuristic algorithm that has been proved powerful in solving a wide range of real-parameter optimization tasks. However, the selection of the mutation strategy and control parameters in DE is problem dependent, and inappropriate specification of them will lead to poor performance of the algorithm such as slow convergence and early stagnation in a local optimum. This paper proposes a new method termed as Joint Adaptation of Parameters in DE (JAPDE). The key idea lies in dynamically updating the selection probabilities for a complete set of pairs of parameter generating functions based on feedback information acquired during the search by DE. Further, for mutation strategy adaptation, the Rank-Based Adaptation (RAM) method is utilized to facilitate the learning of multiple probability distributions, each of which corresponds to an interval of fitness ranks of individuals in the population. The coupling of RAM with JAPDE results in the new RAM-JAPDE algorithm that enables simultaneous adaptation of the selection probabilities for pairs of control parameters and mutation strategies in DE. The merit of RAM-JAPDE has been evaluated on the benchmark test suit proposed in CEC2014 in comparison to many well-known DE algorithms. The results of experiments demonstrate that the proposed RAM-JAPDE algorithm outperforms or is competitive to the other related DE variants that perform mutation strategy and control parameter adaptation, respectively.
Review 2: Primary graft dysfunction after lung transplant—pathophysiology, clinical considerations and therapeutic targets
Authors: Jin Zhaosheng , Suen Ka Chun , Wang Zhiping , Ma Daqing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPrimary graft dysfunction (PGD) is one of the most common complications in the early postoperative period and is the most common cause of death in the first postoperative month. The underlying pathophysiology is thought to be the ischaemia–reperfusion injury that occurs during the storage and reperfusion of the lung engraftment; this triggers a cascade of pathological changes, which result in pulmonary vascular dysfunction and loss of the normal alveolar architecture. There are a number of surgical and anaesthetic factors which may be related to the development of PGD. To date, although treatment options for PGD are limited, there are several promising experimental therapeutic targets. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiology, clinical management and potential therapeutic targets of PGD.
Preparing for the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: creation and implementation of new recommendations
Authors: Conrad David , Hoffmann Patrick , Berwanger Ulrich , Hüppe Tobias , Volk Thomas , Fink Tobias 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDuring the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2020, departments of anesthesiology worldwide have encountered new and unique challenges. In this short communication, we present and assess our recommendations for orotracheal intubation, a frequent high-risk procedure. We will point out that interdisciplinary cooperation with “non-patient care” departments like the Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene tremendously helped us in creating this and other new, clear standards for anesthesiological procedures. Moreover, to reliably implement our newly created measures, we distributed incisive posters and organized comprehensive training sessions. Eventually, we summarize and analyze the occurring problems of our suggestions for intubation during their realization.
Modelling Heat Loss Effects in the Large Eddy Simulation of a Lean Swirl-Stabilised Flame
Authors: Massey James C. , Chen Zhi X. , Swaminathan Nedunchezhian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe flame in a gas turbine model combustor close to blow-off is studied using large eddy simulation with the objective of investigating the sensitivity of including different heat loss effects within the modelling. A presumed joint probability density function approach based on the mixture fraction and progress variable with unstrained flamelets is used. The normalised enthalpy is included in the probability density function to account for heat loss within the flame. Two simulations are presented that use fixed temperature boundary conditions, and use adiabatic and non-adiabatic formulations of the combustion model. The results are compared against the previous fully adiabatic case and experimental data. The statistics for the simulations are similar to the results obtained from the fully adiabatic case. Improved statistics are obtained for the temperature in the near-wall regions. The non-adiabatic flamelet case shows the average reaction rate values at the flame root are approximately 50% smaller in comparison to the adiabatic flamelet cases. This causes the lift-off height to be overestimated. The time series of the lift-off height and the volume integrated heat release rate show that including non-adiabatic flamelets causes the flame to be highly unstable. A higher enthalpy deficit is seen in the near-field regions when the flame root is not present and experiencing some lift-off, suggesting that the flame is more dynamic when including heat loss.
The Estimation of Depth to Basement Under Sedimentary Basins from Gravity Data: Review of Approaches and the ITRESC Method, with an Application to the Yucca Flat Basin (Nevada)
Authors: Florio Giovanni 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper reviews different approaches to the problem of finding the shape of the basement buried under sedimentary basins from gravity data and explores the applicability of a recently proposed method to a well-constrained real case, comparing the results obtained with the models computed using a variety of techniques. Many gravity inversion techniques to estimate the depth to basement based on rather different approaches have been proposed. As is well known, the interpretation of gravity data requires certain assumptions about the source, aimed at constraining the solution of an ambiguous problem. The different approaches imply different kinds of solutions, namely a density contrast distribution at depth, or a grid defining the depth to basement in the entire area of study or several single depth estimates. Each approach has its own advantages and weaknesses. In this context, special attention is given to the ITerative RESCaling method (ITRESC), which has been recently proposed. In this method, there is no need to assume a density function, which is estimated by a data-driven procedure and then used to generate a grid of the depth to basement. This technique is based on the depth–gravity relation plot, illustrating the link between the depth to basement, known at some control points (e.g., boreholes or interpretation of other geophysical data), and the values of the residual gravity anomaly. An important feature of the ITRESC method is that borehole control points are used globally rather than locally, providing constraints for all parts of the model. The main features of this innovative method are illustrated and evaluated by its application to the gravity anomalies of the Yucca Flat basin (Nevada). The results are compared with models obtained by previous gravity interpretations and by the processing of other geological and geophysical data.
Sex/Gender Differences in Camouflaging in Children and Adolescents with Autism
Authors: Wood-Downie Henry , Wong Bonnie , Kovshoff Hanna , Mandy William , Hull Laura , Hadwin Julie A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study investigated sex/gender differences in camouflaging with children and adolescents (N = 84) with and without an autism diagnosis/increased levels of autistic traits using two conceptualisations/operationalisations of camouflaging. A significant group-by-gender interaction using ANCOVA, with the covariate of verbal IQ, reflected similar levels of social reciprocity in autistic and neurotypical females, whereas autistic males had lower reciprocity than neurotypical males. Autistic females also had higher reciprocity than autistic males, despite similar levels of autistic traits (behavioural camouflaging). Additionally, autistic males and females had similar theory of mind skills, despite females having increased reciprocity (compensatory camouflaging). These findings provide evidence of increased camouflaging in autistic females, which may contribute to delay in the recognition of difficulties and provision of support.
Thermodynamic model and Raman spectra of MgO–P2O5 glasses
Authors: Hruška Branislav , Dagupati Rajesh , Chromčíková Mária , Nowicka Aleksandra , Macháček Jan , Liška Marek , Munoz Francisco 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe structure of binary glassesxMgO·(1−x)P2O5(x = 0.30, 0.35, 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, and 0.55) was studied by thermodynamic model (TDM) of Shakhmatkin and Vedishcheva (SV) and Raman spectroscopy. In the TDM, six following system components were considered: MgO (M), P2O5(P), MgO·2P2O5(MP2), MgO·P2O5(MP), 2MgO·P2O5(M2P), 3MgO·P2O5(M3P). The principal component analysis (PCA) of experimental Raman spectra resulted in three independent components. The baseline subtracted and thermally corrected Raman spectra were analyzed by the multivariate curve analysis (MCR) for three components. The MCR resulted in the Raman spectra and relative abundance of each component. The experimental spectra were reproduced by the MCR on the level of 99.9%. Correlation analysis attributed the MCR components to M2P, MP, and MP2. Then the Malfait’s decomposition was performed based on the TDM-SV equilibrium molar amounts of system components (MP2, MP, and M2P) resulting in partial Raman spectra (PRS). Normalized MCR loadings coincide with normalized PRS. Adjusted scores were reproduced with good accuracy equilibrium molar amounts of system components.
Assessing Stress in Pregnancy and Postpartum: Comparing Measures
Authors: Štěpáníková Irena , Baker Elizabeth , Oates Gabriela , Bienertova-Vasku Julie , Klánová Jana 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Measuring early-life psychosocial stress is complicated by methodological challenges. This paper compares three survey instruments for the assessment of life in pregnancy/postpartum and investigates the effects of the timing of early-life stress for emotional/behavioral difficulties (EBD) of offspring during mid/late childhood and adolescence.

Methods
Observational data were obtained from the European Longitudinal Cohort Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC-CZ), which included 4811 pregnancies in two Czech metropolitan areas. We used data collected between 1991 and 2010 at 20 weeks of pregnancy (T1), after delivery (T2), at 6 months postpartum (T3), and at child’s age of 7 years (T4), 11 years (T5), 15 years (T6), and 18 years (T7). Life stress was assessed with (1) the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), (2) a stressful life events (SLE) count based on 42-item inventory, and (3) the SLE measure weighted by perceived stressfulness (PS). Each stress measure was administered at T1, T2, and T3. Child’s EBD were assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at T4, T5, T6, and T7.

Results
Each stress measure independently predicted long-term EBD. The best data fit was obtained in a model combining EPDS and SLE. Effect sizes for SLEs decreased between the first half of pregnancy and postpartum, while the effect of EPDS increased.

Discussion
SLE-based methods capture an aspect of perinatal stress not adequately assessed by EPDS. Combination of psychological distress measures and SLE-based measures is optimal in predicting EBD of the child. Stress measures based on SLE are suitable for early pregnancy, while self-reports of depressive symptoms may perform better in postpartum.
Validation of the German group development (GD) questionnaire
Authors: Leuteritz Jan-Paul , Navarro Jose , Czakert Jan Philipp , Berger Rita 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGroup Development (GD) is an important variable when researching and evaluating what makes teams successful. We analyzed the psychometric properties of the originally Spanish GD questionnaire with German participants. 501 team members and 104 team leaders, 18 to 65 years old, from a German research organization answered an online survey composed of the GD questionnaire and items related to other group processes of democracy, mutual trust, team spirit, and interest in the team’s tasks. Results confirmed the unidimensional factor structure of the translated Spanish version for the German GD construct. Internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity were good. The German GD correlated as expected to other constructs, and it showed concurrent validity with respect to the team members’ motivation and interest in team tasks (r = .79, p < .01). We recommend using the GD in German samples to measure team processes that are highly relevant for team effectiveness.
Whole-Brain Map of Long-Range Monosynaptic Inputs to Different Cell Types in the Amygdala of the Mouse
Authors: Fu Jia-Yu , Yu Xiao-Dan , Zhu Yi , Xie Shi-Ze , Tang Meng-Yu , Yu Bin , Li Xiao-Ming 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe amygdala, which is involved in various behaviors and emotions, is reported to connect with the whole brain. However, the long-range inputs of distinct cell types have not yet been defined. Here, we used a retrograde trans-synaptic rabies virus to generate a whole-brain map of inputs to the main cell types in the mouse amygdala. We identified 37 individual regions that projected to neurons expressing vesicular glutamate transporter 2, 78 regions to parvalbumin-expressing neurons, 104 regions to neurons expressing protein kinase C-δ, and 89 regions to somatostatin-expressing neurons. The amygdala received massive projections from the isocortex and striatum. Several nuclei, such as the caudate-putamen and the CA1 field of the hippocampus, exhibited input preferences to different cell types in the amygdala. Notably, we identified several novel input areas, including the substantia innominata and zona incerta. These findings provide anatomical evidence to help understand the precise connections and diverse functions of the amygdala.
From landscape affordances to landscape connectivity: contextualizing an archaeology of human ecology
Authors: Kempf Michael 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo understand the connectivity in human–landscape ecosystems, a multidirectional concept of landscape transformation, sociocultural development, and human response cycles needs to be considered. In this context, societal decision-making is controlled by the ecosystem’s functionality; the human perception, experience, memory, and tradition; and the individual configuration of landscape components: a conceptual framework that is herein referred to as landscape affordances. In contrast to defining environmental components as passive resources, the concept of landscape affordances entails dynamic and processual feedbacks of an individual and the environment in the moment of mutual interaction—thus actively integrating human ingenuity in the production of landscapes, biological processes, and sociocultural patterns. This article contextualizes the concepts of landscape affordances and functional ecosystem connectivity to evaluate human behavioural patterning and the production of landscapes in a methodological landscape archaeological approach.
Mental Representation and the Cognitive Architecture of Skilled Action
Authors: Schack Thomas , Frank Cornelia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to understand the functional role of mental representations and intentionality in skilled actions from a systems related perspective. Therefore, we will evaluate the function ofrepresentationand then discuss thecognitive architecture of skilled actionsin more depth. We are going to describe the building blocks and levels of the action system that enable us to control movements such as striking the tennis ball at the right time, or grasping tools in manual action. Based on this theoretical understanding themeasurement of mental representationsand related research results concerningmental representation in skilled actionare presented in an overview. This leads to the question how mental representations develop and change duringlearning.Finally, to consolidate the functional understanding of mental representation in skilled action and interaction, we provide examples how to use the measurement of mental representation in humans to inform technical systems.
Ovarian Histopathology in Transmasculine Persons on Testosterone: A Multicenter Case Series
Authors: Grimstad Frances W. , Fowler Kylie G. , New Erika P. , Ferrando Cecile A. , Pollard Robert R. , Chapman Graham , Gray Meredith , Gomez Lobo Veronica 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
As transmasculine persons utilize androgen gender affirming hormone therapy as a part of transition, guidance has been lacking on the effects of the therapy on the ovaries, especially for those who may desire retention.

Aim
To describe the ovarian histopathology of transmasculine persons on testosterone therapy following oophorectomy at the time of hysterectomy performed for gender affirmation.

Methods
This was a multicenter case series study of transmasculine patients on testosterone therapy who underwent hysterectomy with oophorectomy for gender affirmation between January 2015 and December 2017 at 5 tertiary care referral centers. Patients were identified by their current procedural and International Classification of Diseases codes.

Outcomes
Pre-, perioperative, and pathologic data were obtained from the electronic medical records and ovarian tissue descriptions from pathology reports were grouped into the following classifications: (i) simple/follicular cysts; (ii) polycystic ovaries; (iii) complex cysts; (iv) endometriomas; (v) other masses; (vi) atrophy; and (vii) normal.

Results
85 patients were included in the study. At the time of oophorectomy, the mean age and body mass index of the cohort were 30.4 ± 8.4 years and 30.2 ± 7.3 kg/m2, respectively, and the average interval from the initiation of testosterone to oophorectomy was 36 0.3 ± 37.9 months. On examination of ovarian histopathology, 49.4% (42) of specimens were found to have follicular/simple cysts, 5.9% (5) were polycystic, and 38.8% (33) had normal pathology. For those specimens with volume documented (n = 41), the median volume was 9.6 (range 1.5–82.5) cm3. There was no association between the duration of testosterone therapy or body mass index and the presence of cysts in the ovaries.

Clinical Implications
The results of this study reported benign histopathology in ovaries of a large cohort of transmasculine persons on testosterone which should be included when counseling patients on ovarian retention, as transmasculine patients may choose to retain their ovaries while on testosterone for a variety of reasons (including no desire to undergo surgery, desire for backup sex steroids, and potential use for future fertility).

Strengths & Limitations
This is a large multicenter study seeking to address the uncertainty in present counseling surrounding ovarian conservation in transmasculine persons on testosterone therapy. Its limitations included its retrospective nature and inability to address ovarian function after testosterone discontinuance.

Conclusion
In this cohort of transmasculine patients on testosterone therapy undergoing hysterectomy with oophorectomy for gender affirmation, ovarian histopathology was benign in all the specimens.