bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved roughness model for turbulent flow in 2D viscous‐inviscid panel methods
Authors: Olsen Anders Smærup , Ramos‐García Néstor , Bak Christian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe present study presents a modified expression for the turbulent skin friction coefficient (Cf) in 2D viscous‐inviscid panel methods. The modified Cf expression includes surface roughness effects and is therefore believed to be an improvement to the modelling of leading edge roughness (LER) effects on airfoils. The basis for the study is the two‐equation viscous formulation used in 2D viscous‐inviscid panel methods, where the standard integral momentum and kinetic energy shape parameter equations are solved together with a number of turbulent closures. One of the closures relates the skin friction coefficient with the shape parameter and the momentum thickness Reynolds number. The relation is derived from Coles' law of the wake, which reasonably accurately describes any 2D turbulent boundary layer velocity profile. This is used to derive a new Cf‐expression with the Prandtl‐Schlichting sand grain roughness effect included, which is implemented in the Q3UIC code. Simulations on a NACA63‐418 profile with sand grain roughness on the forward part are compared with measurements and show an improved agreement with the measurements.
Evaluation of an acoustic deterrent to reduce bat mortalities at an Illinois wind farm
Authors: Romano W. Brad , Skalski John R. , Townsend Richard L. , Kinzie Kevin W. , Coppinger Karyn D. , Miller Myron F. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTFrom 2014 to 2016, GE Renewable Energy and California Ridge Wind Energy tested an ultrasonic bat deterrent system during the autumn bat migration period at an operating wind farm in Illinois, USA. The deterrent system consisted of air‐jet ultrasonic emitters mounted on nacelles and towers in a different configuration each year. Each year we conducted a randomized block experiment to determine whether the acoustic deterrent reduced bat mortalities at the wind farm. Effectiveness was based on estimates of bat mortalities during 3‐day trials. The operation of the acoustic deterrent resulted in significant overall bat fatality reductions of 29.2% ( = 7.5%) and 32.5% ( = 6.8%) in 2014 and 2015, respectively. All‐bat fatality rates were not reduced in 2016; however, annual all‐bat effectiveness estimates were influenced by species composition. We analyzed deterrent effectiveness for eastern red (Lasiurus borealis), hoary (Lasiurus cinereus), and silver‐haired (Lasionycteris noctivagans) bats, the 3 species most commonly found during the carcass searches. Hoary bats were consistently deterred each year, but annual deterrent effectiveness varied for eastern red and silver‐haired bats. © 2019 The Authors. Wildlife Society Bulletin published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Numerical realization of helical vortices: application to vortex instability
Authors: Brynjell-Rahkola Mattias , Henningson Dan S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe need to numerically represent a free vortex system arises frequently in fundamental and applied research. Many possible techniques for realizing this vortex system exist but most tend to prioritize accuracy either inside or outside of the vortex core, which therefore makes them unsuitable for a stability analysis considering the entire flow field. In this article, a simple method is presented that is shown to yield an accurate representation of the flow inside and outside of the vortex core. The method is readily implemented in any incompressible Navier–Stokes solver using primitive variables and Cartesian coordinates. It can potentially be used to model a wide range of vortices but is here applied to the case of two helices, which is of renewed interest due to its relevance for wind turbines and helicopters. Three-dimensional stability analysis is performed in both a rotating and a translating frame of reference, which yield eigenvalue spectra that feature both mutual inductance and elliptic instabilities. Comparison of these spectra with available theoretical predictions is used to validate the proposed baseflow model, and new insights into the elliptic instability of curved Batchelor vortices are presented. Furthermore, it is shown that the instabilities in the rotating and the translating reference frames have the same structure and growth rate, but different frequency. A relation between these frequencies is provided.
Long-term impact of lipofilling in hybrid breast reconstruction: retrospective analysis of two cohorts
Authors: Calabrese Sarah , Zingaretti Nicola , De Francesco Francesco , Riccio Michele , De Biasio Fabrizio , Massarut Samuele , Almesberger Daria , Parodi Pier Camillo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractLipofilling has recently gained popularity as a tool in primary treatment of breast cancer, and its association with two-stage implant breast reconstruction is considered as standard treatment in many centers. However, no data are available about the long-term results of the association of lipofilling in combination with expander-implant reconstruction. A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients treated between January 2010 and December 2014. Two groups were compared. Group 1 had a standard expander-implant two-stage reconstruction. Group 2 underwent hybrid breast reconstruction (HBR). Patient characteristics, hospitalization, outcomes, reoperation details, outpatient visits, and evaluation questionnaires were taken into consideration. Intergroup comparison was performed using Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. Two hundred fourteen patients were evaluated: 130 patients in group 1 and 84 patients in group 2. Group 2 showed significant benefits over group 1 in terms of capsular contracture rate, breast pain, and displacement/rotation of the implant (p = 0.005). The HBR protocol is associated with lower rate of capsular contracture, less breast pain at long follow-up times, and lower overall rates of revision surgery compared to standard expander-implant reconstruction. A specific cost analysis will help further clarify the advantages of this protocol over a standard procedure.Level of Evidence: Level III, risk/prognostic, therapeutic study.
Microbial response to acid stress: mechanisms and applications
Authors: Guan Ningzi , Liu Long 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMicroorganisms encounter acid stress during multiple bioprocesses. Microbial species have therefore developed a variety of resistance mechanisms. The damage caused by acidic environments is mitigated through the maintenance of pH homeostasis, cell membrane integrity and fluidity, metabolic regulation, and macromolecule repair. The acid tolerance mechanisms can be used to protect probiotics against gastric acids during the process of food intake, and can enhance the biosynthesis of organic acids. The combination of systems and synthetic biology technologies offers new and wide prospects for the industrial applications of microbial acid tolerance mechanisms. In this review, we summarize acid stress response mechanisms of microbial cells, illustrate the application of microbial acid tolerance in industry, and prospect the introduction of systems and synthetic biology to further explore the acid tolerance mechanisms and construct a microbial cell factory for valuable chemicals.
Clinical and Biochemical Features of Pheochromocytoma Characteristic of Von Hippel–Lindau Syndrome
Authors: Li Shimena R. , Nicholson Kristina J. , Mccoy Kelly L. , Carty Sally E. , Yip Linwah 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 30% of patients with apparent sporadic pheochromocytoma (Pheo) may later prove to have an inherited predisposition syndrome, most commonly Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease. Our aim was to compare the clinical and biochemical features of Pheo in VHL to those in sporadic disease to identify differences that may be used to guide management and surveillance of Pheo in VHL patients.MethodsData of all patients who had adrenalectomy for histologic Pheo from 2000 to 2018 (QIIRB1749) were retrospectively reviewed. VHL patients were diagnosed by standard clinical criteria and/or genetic testing. Patients were classified as having sporadic Pheo (sPheo) if they had no family/personal history consistent with an associated genetic disorder and/or had negative testing for VHL, MAX, MEN1, NF1, RET and SDHAF2/B/C/D/A mutations.ResultsOf 175 patients, 38 (22%) had VHL and 137 (78%) had sPheo including 27 (20%) with negative genetic testing. Compared to sPheo, VHL Pheo patients were younger (mean 25.9 vs. 51.2 years, p < 0.001), less symptomatic (55% vs. 72%, p = 0.074), less hypertensive (46% vs. 64%, p = 0.043) and were more likely to have normal plasma metanephrines (85% vs. 25%, p < 0.001). VHL‐related Pheos were smaller (median 2.8 cm vs. 4.4 cm, p < 0.001) but more often multifocal (>1 adrenal Pheo) (16% vs. 0%, p < 0.001). Recurrence >6 months from initial resection was common in VHL (40% vs. 0%, p < 0.001), median time to recurrence 15 years, (range 1–38 years).ConclusionsCompared to those with sporadic Pheo, patients with VHL are more likely to be young, asymptomatic and normotensive and to have small, multifocal, normetanephrine‐secreting tumors. Because recurrence is common in VHL and arises up to 38 years later, continued surveillance is advised.
What is the Operative Cost of Managing Acute Appendicitis in the NHS: The Impact of Stump Technique and Perioperative Imaging
Authors: Clement K. D. , Emslie K. , Maniam P. , Wilson M. S. J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency that is typically managed with laparoscopic appendicectomy in UK centres. A number of variables influence the cost of managing this condition. Our aim was to identify the major influencing factors in our centre by performing a cumulative cost analysis.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed the costs associated with 99 cases of acute appendicitis managed with laparoscopic appendicectomy at Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, from January 2014 to February 2016. Costs were categorised according to blood tests, imaging, medications, operative costs and length of stay.ResultsOur cohort included 66 males, 33 females and 28 paediatric cases. The total cost was £220030.52 with a mean of £2222.53 per patient. The factor with the greatest influence on overall cost was operative time (53.2%) followed by length of stay (39.2%). There was no cost difference between adults and children (p = 0.24) or males and females (p = 0.38). Mean cost in adults ≥50 years was greater than those <50 years (£2899.32 vs £2152.97, p = 0.008) and greater in those who underwent imaging as opposed to no imaging (£2789.53 vs £2010.65, p = 0.0001). For appendiceal stump technique, polymer clips were cheaper (£1844.70) than ligatures (£2380.11, p = 0.006).ConclusionsOperative time (53.2%) and length of stay (39.2%) had the greatest impact on the cost in our cohort. Older patients have a greater overall cost, and this is associated with increased utilisation of imaging. Further studies assessing the safety and feasibility of methods to reduce operative time and to investigate the safety of reducing length of stay are required.
Decision-making based on 3D printed models in laparoscopic liver resections with intraoperative ultrasound: a prospective observational study
Authors: Witowski Jan , Budzyński Andrzej , Grochowska Anna , Ballard David H. , Major Piotr , Rubinkiewicz Mateusz , Złahoda-Huzior Adriana , Popiela Tadeusz J. , Wierdak Mateusz , Pędziwiatr Michał 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate impact of 3D printed models on decision-making in context of laparoscopic liver resections (LLR) performed with intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) guidance.

Methods
Nineteen patients with liver malignances (74% were colorectal cancer metastases) were prospectively qualified for LLR or radiofrequency ablation in a single center from April 2017 to December 2018. Models were 3DP in all cases based on CT and facilitated optical visualization of tumors’ relationships with portal and hepatic veins. Planned surgical extent and its changes were tracked after CT analysis and 3D model inspection, as well as intraoperatively using IOUS.

Results
Nineteen patients were included in the analysis. Information from either 3DP or IOUS led to changes in the planned surgical approach in 13/19 (68%) patients. In 5/19 (26%) patients, the 3DP model altered the plan of the surgery preoperatively. In 4/19 (21%) patients, 3DP independently changed the approach. In one patient, IOUS modified the plan post-3DP. In 8/19 (42%) patients, 3DP model did not change the approach, whereas IOUS did. In total, IOUS altered surgical plans in 9 (47%) cases. Most of those changes (6/9; 67%) were caused by detection of additional lesions not visible on CT and 3DP.

Conclusions
3DP can be helpful in planning complex and major LLRs and led to changes in surgical approach in 26.3% (5/19 patients) in our series. 3DP may serve as a useful adjunct to IOUS.

Key Points
• 3D printing can help in decision-making before major and complex resections in patients with liver cancer.
• In 5/19 patients, 3D printed model altered surgical plan preoperatively.
• Most surgical plan changes based on intraoperative ultrasonography were caused by detection of additional lesions not visible on CT and 3D model.
Fiber laser-driven gas plasma-based generation of THz radiation with 50-mW average power
Authors: Buldt Joachim , Mueller Michael , Stark Henning , Jauregui Cesar , Limpert Jens 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe present on THz generation in the two-color gas plasma scheme driven by a high-power, ultrafast fiber laser system. The applied scheme is a promising approach for scaling the THz average power but it has been limited so far by the driving lasers to repetition rates up to 1 kHz. Here, we demonstrate recent results of THz generation operating at a two orders of magnitude higher repetition rate. This results in a unprecedented THz average power of 50 mW. The development of compact, table-top THz sources with high repetition rate and high field strength is crucial for studying nonlinear responses of materials, particle acceleration or faster data acquisition in imaging and spectroscopy.
Cepaea spp. as a source of Brachylaima mesostoma (Digenea: Brachylaimidae) and Brachylecithum sp. (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) larvae in Poland
Authors: Żbikowska Elżbieta , Marszewska Anna , Cichy Anna , Templin Julita , Smorąg Anna , Strzała Tomasz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractParasite diagnostics were carried out on 11 Polish populations ofCepaeaspp. In three of them, coming from the roadside ditches of a village (Rytel, northern Poland), very high (up to 60%) prevalence ofBrachylaima mesostomawas observed. This study provides the first molecular evidence of the presence ofB. mesostomainsideCepaeaspp. in Europe. In a few snails from a population found in a private garden in a small town (Chełmża, northern Poland), larvae ofBrachylecithumsp. were present. Cercariae and/or metacercariae ofB. mesostomawere observed in both species ofCepaea:C. hortensisandC. nemoralis, whereas larvae ofBrachylecithumsp. were found only inC. nemoralis. Both species of parasites inhabited snail hepatopancreas whose structure was significantly damaged by larvae. There was no significant connection between parasite invasion and snail host morphotype. The research did not allow the reasons for the high prevalence ofB. mesostomainCepaeaspp. to be explained, and also did not explicitly indicate how the parasite invadedCepaeaspp. individuals making them, at the same time a second intermediate host. However, it poses important questions about the life cycle of the parasite that may threaten extensively kept small-size farms of poultry.
Maternal effect determines drought resistance of eggs in the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis
Authors: Le Hesran Sophie , Groot Thomas , Knapp Markus , Bukovinszky Tibor , Nugroho Jovano Erris , Beretta Giuditta , Dicke Marcel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe ability of an organism to adapt to short-term environmental changes within its lifetime is of fundamental importance. This adaptation may occur through phenotypic plasticity. Insects and mites, in particular, are sensitive to changes in temperature and humidity, especially during the juvenile stages. We studied the role of phenotypic plasticity in the adaptation of eggs to different relative humidity conditions, in the predatory mitePhytoseiulus persimilis, used worldwide as a biological control agent of the spider miteTetranychus urticae. The biocontrol efficacy ofP. persimilisdecreases under dry conditions, partly becauseP. persimiliseggs are sensitive to drought. We exposedP. persimilisadult females from two different strains to constant and variable humidity regimes and evaluated the hatching rate of their eggs in dry conditions, as well as the survival and oviposition rates of these females. Whereas the eggs laid byP. persimilisfemales exposed to constant high humidity did not survive in dry conditions, females exposed to constant low humidity started laying drought-resistant eggs after 24 h of exposure. Survival and oviposition rates of the females were affected by humidity: females laid fewer eggs under constant low humidity and had a shorter lifespan under constant high and constant low humidity. The humidity regimes tested had similar effects across the twoP. persimilisstrains. Our results demonstrate that transgenerational phenotypic plasticity, called maternal effect, allowsP. persimilisfemales to prepare their offspring for dry conditions.
Multigrid solvers for immersed finite element methods and immersed isogeometric analysis
Authors: de Prenter F. , Verhoosel C. V. , van Brummelen E. H. , Evans J. A. , Messe C. , Benzaken J. , Maute K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIll-conditioning of the system matrix is a well-known complication in immersed finite element methods and trimmed isogeometric analysis. Elements with small intersections with the physical domain yield problematic eigenvalues in the system matrix, which generally degrades efficiency and robustness of iterative solvers. In this contribution we investigate the spectral properties of immersed finite element systems treated by Schwarz-type methods, to establish the suitability of these as smoothers in a multigrid method. Based on this investigation we develop a geometric multigrid preconditioner for immersed finite element methods, which provides mesh-independent and cut-element-independent convergence rates. This preconditioning technique is applicable to higher-order discretizations, and enables solving large-scale immersed systems at a computational cost that scales linearly with the number of degrees of freedom. The performance of the preconditioner is demonstrated for conventional Lagrange basis functions and for isogeometric discretizations with both uniform B-splines and locally refined approximations based on truncated hierarchical B-splines.
Diurnal patterns of ambient temperature but not precipitation influence incubation behavior in Great Tits
Authors: Schöll Eva Maria , Aparisi Manuel Polo , Hille Sabine Marlene 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEnvironmental conditions affect incubation behavior, but whilst the effect of ambient temperature is studied and still controversially discussed, the role of precipitation is unknown. Here, we analyzed the effect of local ambient temperature and precipitation on incubation behavior of female Great Tits (Parus major) and accounted for diurnal patterns of weather conditions. We monitored the incubation behavior of females using temperature data loggers, thus identifying periods of staying inside nest boxes incubating, and leaving nest boxes (off-bout). In total, 685 single off-bouts were analyzed between the first 8 days of incubation directly after clutches were completed. Our study showed that whilst precipitation had no effect on incubation behavior, number and duration of off-bouts were negatively related to ambient temperature, which varied throughout the day. We showed that females took longer off-bouts during low-temperature early mornings, which may result from the need to forage after fasting during the night. Thus, foraging in the early morning seemed to outcompete energy requirements during these cold temperature periods. In addition, females spent less time off the nest as incubation progressed. Our results emphasize that patterns of incubation behavior cannot be understood without taking into account varying temperature conditions throughout the day.
Rubinisphaera italica sp. nov. isolated from a hydrothermal area in the Tyrrhenian Sea close to the volcanic island Panarea
Authors: Kallscheuer Nicolai , Jogler Mareike , Wiegand Sandra , Peeters Stijn H. , Heuer Anja , Boedeker Christian , Jetten Mike S. M. , Rohde Manfred , Jogler Christian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPlanctomycetes is a fascinating phylum of mostly aquatic bacteria, not only due to the environmental importance in global carbon and nitrogen cycles, but also because of a unique cell biology. Their lifestyle and metabolic capabilities are not well explored, which motivated us to study the role of Planctomycetes in biofilms on marine biotic surfaces. Here, we describe the novel strain Pan54T which was isolated from algae in a hydrothermal area close to the volcanic island Panarea in the Tyrrhenian Sea, north of Sicily in Italy. The strain grew best at pH 9.0 and 26 °C and showed typical characteristics of planctomycetal bacteria, e.g. division by polar budding, formation of aggregates and presence of stalks and crateriform structures. Phylogenetically, the strain belongs to the genus Rubinisphaera. Our analysis suggests that Pan54T represents a novel species of this genus, for which we propose the name Rubinisphaera italica sp. nov. We suggest Pan54T (= DSM 29369 = LMG 29789) as the type strain of the novel species.
Recent changes in the frequency of plant species and vegetation types in Scania, S Sweden, compared to changes during the twentieth century
Authors: Tyler Torbjörn , Andersson Stefan , Fröberg Lars , Olsson Kjell-Arne , Svensson Åke , Olsson Ola 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBased on data from three surveys of the vascular flora of the province of Scania, southernmost Sweden, conducted 1938–1971, 1987–2006 and 2008–2015, we analyse the change in frequency of individual species and groups of species associated with particular vegetation types. A majority of all species have experienced a change in frequency since 1938, and this turnover has continued in recent decades. The species showing the most dramatic declines since 1987 represent a mixture of arable weeds, grassland species and ruderals, but excludes forest species. In contrast, a majority of the most increasing species are escapes from cultivation that thrive under shaded conditions. The vegetation types showing the largest decreases since 1987 are all open seminatural grasslands and wetlands, while the vegetation types performing best are wooded. All vegetation types increasing since 1987 also increased during the 1900s; however, species of wooded types performed relatively better in recent decades, as opposed to the minimal increase observed for species of vegetation strongly influenced by human activities. Among decreasing vegetation types, those that have received much attention from conservationists, e.g. sand-steppe and calcareous fens tend to perform relatively better now than during the 1900s, while those that have received less attention, e.g. poor fens, oligotrophic waters and heaths, now comprise the most rapidly declining vegetation types. A majority of the species that decreased 1938–1996 also decreased 1987–2015, but, in general, species shown to have increased during the 1900s have not continued to increase.