bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The current status and future of andrology: A consensus report from the Cairo workshop group
Authors:   Cairo Consensus Workshop Group
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn attempting to formulate potential WHO guidelines for the diagnosis of male infertility, the Evidence Synthesis Group noted a paucity of high‐quality data on which to base key recommendations. As a result, a number of authors suggested that key areas of research/evidence gaps should be identified, so that appropriate funding and policy actions could be undertaken to help address key questions.ObjectivesThe overall objective of this Consensus workshop was to clarify current knowledge and deficits in clinical laboratory andrology, so that clear paths for future development could be navigated.Materials and MethodsFollowing a detailed literature review, each author, prior to the face‐to‐face meeting, prepared a summary of their topic and submitted a PowerPoint presentation. The topics covered were (a) Diagnostic testing in male fertility and infertility, (b) Male fertility/infertility in the modern world, (c) Clinical management of male infertility, and (d) The overuse of ICSI. At the meeting in Cairo on February 18, 2019, the evidence was presented and discussed and a series of consensus points agreed.ResultsThe paper presents a background and summary of the evidence relating to these four topics and addresses key points of significance. Following discussion of the evidence, a total of 36 consensus points were agreed.DiscussionThe Discussion section presents areas where there was further debate and key areas that were highlighted during the day.ConclusionThe consensus points provide clear statements of evidence gaps and/or potential future research areas/topics. Appropriate funding streams addressing these can be prioritized and consequently, in the short and medium term, answers provided. By using this strategic approach, andrology can make the rapid progress necessary to address key scientific, clinical, and societal challenges that face our discipline now and in the near future.
Laparoscopic surgery in patients with interstitial lung disease: A single‐center retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Hayashi Kentaro , Nakashima Kei , Noma Satoshi , Aoshima Masahiro , Kusanagi Hiroshi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic surgery requiring longer operative times and artificial pneumoperitoneum may affect pulmonary function; its feasibility in patients with interstitial lung disease remains unknown. Therefore, we examined the feasibility of laparoscopic surgery in patients with interstitial lung disease.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective observational cohort study and examined the clinical data of patients with interstitial lung disease who had undergone abdominal surgery under general anesthesia. The primary end‐point was the incidence of pulmonary complications. The secondary end‐points were non‐pulmonary complications and in‐hospital mortality.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients who had undergone abdominal surgery were diagnosed with interstitial lung disease after a review of their clinical and imaging records. Laparoscopic surgery and open surgery were performed in 11 and 18 patients, respectively. Acute exacerbation occurred in one (9%) patient in the laparoscopic group and three patients (17%) in the open group; all had undergone emergency surgery. Postoperative pneumonia did not occur in any patients. Non‐pulmonary complications occurred in one patient (9%) in the laparoscopic group and two patients (11%) in the open group. One patient in each group died of acute exacerbation during hospitalization.ConclusionNeither acute exacerbation nor pulmonary complications occurred after elective laparoscopic or open surgery in patients with interstitial lung disease. The risk of acute exacerbation after elective laparoscopic surgery may not be as high as that after elective thoracic surgery.
Effect of varying fermentation conditions with ensiling period and inoculum on photosynthetic pigments and phytol content in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage
Authors: Lv Renlong , Elsabagh Mabrouk , Obitsu Taketo , Sugino Toshihisa , Kurokawa Yuzo , Kawamura Kensuke 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of an ensiling period (Experiment 1) and adding lactic acid bacteria (LAB, Experiment 2) on the changes in carotenoid, chlorophyll, and phytol in ensiled Italian ryegrass (IR, Lolium multiflorum Lam.). In Experiment 1, the IR herbage ensiled into plastic bags was analyzed for the contents of photosynthetic pigments and phytol over a 5‐week period. During the ensiling process, the β‐carotene content decreased (p < .05), whereas the lutein content did not change. Although the chlorophyll content decreased (p < .05) after ensiling, the phytol content barely changed until week 5. In Experiment 2, IR herbage was ensiled without additive, as a Control, or with LAB for 60 days. The pH was lower (p < .05) and lactic acid content was higher (p < .05) for the LAB silage than for the Control. The chlorophyll content in silage was not affected by the LAB; however, the β‐carotene content was higher (p < .05) for the LAB silage than for the Control. Phytol and lutein contents in the herbage did not change after ensiling. These results indicate that phytol and lutein in IR herbage can be preserved well in silage, irrespective of their fermentation condition.
A new mechanism for cannabidiol in regulating the one‐carbon cycle and methionine levels in Dictyostelium and in mammalian epilepsy models
Authors: Perry Christopher J. , Finch Paul , Müller‐Taubenberger Annette , Leung Kit‐Yi , Warren Eleanor C. , Damstra‐Oddy Joseph , Sharma Devdutt , Patra Pabitra H. , Glyn Sarah , Boberska Joanna , Stewart Balint , Baldwin Amy , Piscitelli Fabiana , Harvey Robert J. , Harwood Adrian , Thompson Christopher , Claus Sandrine P. , Greene Nicholas D.E. , McNeish Alister J. , Williams Claire M. , Whalley Benjamin J. , Williams Robin S.B. 
Published: November 2019

Background and PurposeEpidiolex™, a form of highly purified cannabidiol (CBD) derived from Cannabis plants, has demonstrated seizure control activity in patients with Dravet syndrome, without a fully elucidated mechanism of action. We have employed an unbiased approach to investigate this mechanism at a cellular level.Experimental ApproachWe use a tractable biomedical model organism, Dictyostelium, to identify a protein controlling the effect of CBD and characterize this mechanism. We then translate these results to a Dravet syndrome mouse model and an acute in vitro seizure model.Key ResultsCBD activity is partially dependent upon the mitochondrial glycine cleavage system component, GcvH1 in Dictyostelium, orthologous to the human glycine cleavage system component H protein, which is functionally linked to folate one‐carbon metabolism (FOCM). Analysis of FOCM components identified a mechanism for CBD in directly inhibiting methionine synthesis. Analysis of brain tissue from a Dravet syndrome mouse model also showed drastically altered levels of one‐carbon components including methionine, and an in vitro rat seizure model showed an elevated level of methionine that is attenuated following CBD treatment.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur results suggest a novel mechanism for CBD in the regulating methionine levels and identify altered one‐carbon metabolism in Dravet syndrome and seizure activity.
Toward Fortress Capitalism: The Restrictive Transformation of Migration and Border Regimes as a Reaction to the Capitalist Multicrisis
Authors: Georgi Fabian 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe article develops the concept of “fortress capitalism.” The concept has two dimensions. First, it describes those elements within today's migration and border regimes that aim to control the mobility of the global working class in repressive ways. Second, it designates a dystopian future scenario, in which these repressive elements have massively expanded. Such a formation might develop as part of a twenty‐first‐century fascism. Based on historical materialism and critical theory, the article makes four points. First, it asserts that migration regimes are being transformed toward a new level of restrictiveness. Second, it argues that fortress capitalism complements theoretical motives that emphasize the uncontrollability of migration. Third, it contends that migration and border regimes in their emergence, dynamics, forms, and effects are closely linked to the intersectional dynamics of global capitalism as a whole. Fourth, it points out that global capitalism fundamentally depends on border regimes to regulate its contradictions.
Black Neofascism? The Economic Freedom Fighters in South Africa
Authors: Satgar Vishwas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis article argues that twenty‐first century fascism is variegated and shaped by complex socioecological conditions. While enabled by the specific conditions of contemporary capitalist crisis, it is actually different from its antecedents. This requires actual in situ case studies. Hence, this article focuses on the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) in South Africa and explores its emergence in the conjuncture of hegemonic crisis faced by the ruling African National Congress. Moreover, the article challenges current liberal classificatory discourses that seek to define the EFF in South Africa's democratic order and also revisits the history of fascism from a decolonial perspective. It is argued there where two moments of fascism in the twentieth century, interwar fascism, and militarized fascism in the peripheries supported by U.S. imperialism. The EFF does not share anything in common with these twentieth century fascisms and therefore has to be analyzed and explained on its own terms.
Anti‐aquaporin‐4 antibody‐positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder associated with central nervous system tuberculosis
Authors: Gomez‐Figueroa Enrique , Garcia‐Estrada Christian , Casallas-Vanegas Adriana , Zabala-Angeles Indhira , Lopez-Martinez Ramon , Corona-Vázquez Teresita , Rivas‐Alonso Verónica , Flores‐Rivera José 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOsd) is an inflammatory astrocytopathy that has both genetic and environmental cause. The exact etiology and pathogenesis of NMOsd is partially known, complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors are thought to be involved in its development. Infectious diseases have received particular attention, as they have long been considered to be triggers of many autoimmune disorders.Case presentationHere, we report two cases of positive aquaporin‐4 serostatus NMOsd in relation to granulomatous infection of the central nervous system. Both patients initially presented with active tuberculosis meningitis signs and symptoms with posterior development of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis positive for anti‐aquaporin‐4 antibodies. Cerebral spinal fluid hypercellularity and elevated proteins were initially documented. The evolution was rather favorable, with clinical and radiological improvement based on antituberculous treatment and a cycle of i.v. steroids.ConclusionsAlthough various cases of active pulmonary, renal and abdominal tuberculosis have been documented in association with NMOsd, no mechanism of association has been discovered; interestingly, the seropositive for NMOsd is variable. We theorized that a genetic background in our population might be associated with this uncommon phenotype. If this phenomenon corresponds to an immune dysfunction caused directly by the bacillus, direct tuberculosis infection or a cross‐reaction is to be determined.
Application of D‐optimal design in the analysis and modelling of dyeing of plasma‐treated wool with three natural dyes
Authors: Haji Aminoddin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBoth the dyeing and finishing of textiles with natural compounds are gaining increasing attention because of various environmental and health problems associated with the use of synthetic reagents. In this study, wool fibres were dyed with three natural dyes, namely, Arnebia euchroma, cotton pods and harmal seeds. Alum was used as the mordant, and samples were mordanted by the premordanting method. Oxygen plasma was employed for the surface modification of wool. Plasma treatment time, alum concentration, dyebath temperature and pH were selected as the process variables, and their effects on the K/S of the dyed samples were analysed using D‐optimal design. The surface topography, morphology and chemistry of the wool fibres after plasma treatment were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform–infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. FTIR confirmed the creation of new oxygen‐containing groups on the surface of wool fibres after plasma treatment. SEM and AFM images confirmed the surface etching and increase in the roughness of plasma‐treated fibres. Increasing the dyebath pH and temperature increased the K/S of the dyed samples. Increasing the amount of alum mordant increased the K/S of samples dyed with cotton pods but decreased the K/S of samples dyed with A. euchroma and harmal seeds. Increasing the plasma treatment time improved the K/S of samples dyed with A. euchroma and cotton pods but had no significant effect on the K/S of samples dyed with harmal seeds.
Intensive monitoring of adverse drug events associated with the use of new glucose‐lowering drugs: results from an inception cohort study in Portugal
Authors: Torre C. , Guerreiro J. , Longo P. , Raposo J. F. , Leufkens H. , Martins A. P. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimsTo determine the frequency and the time‐course profile of adverse drug events associated with new glucose‐lowering drugs in daily practice and to explore factors potentially associated to these events.MethodsAn inception cohort study was implemented. Adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus initiating a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist or a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor were eligible for inclusion. Data were collected through baseline and follow‐up telephone questionnaires, administered at 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. Kaplan–Meier curves and log‐rank were computed to compare the time to adverse drug event onset. Cox models were used to explore potential factors associated with adverse drug events.ResultsA total of 1328 participants were recruited to the study. In all, 1118 adverse drug events were reported (of which 36% were not listed in the summary of product characteristics) by 41% of participants. The median latency time of adverse drug events reported in ≥1% of participants ranged from 0 to 2 days. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor subgroups were associated with an increased likelihood of adverse drug event reporting when compared with the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor subgroup. A total of 328 glucose‐lowering drugs were withdrawn, more than half as a result of an adverse drug event.ConclusionsMore than two‐fifths of participants reported an adverse drug event; dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors led to the highest proportion of unlabelled adverse drug events. Adverse drug event latency time data show that counselling and adverse drug event management should be proactively addressed from treatment initiation. There should be greater focus on prevalent new users of glucose‐lowering drugs, who were more complex participants in this study in terms of type 2 diabetes disease, as they were more likely to report an adverse drug event than the incident new users.
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin as add‐on to insulin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Sone Hirohito , Kaneko Tatsuroh , Shiki Kosuke , Tachibana Yoshifumi , Pfarr Egon , Lee Jisoo , Tajima Naoko 
Published: November 2019

AimTo assess the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin as add‐on to insulin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and methodsThis multicentre, double‐blind, parallel‐group study randomized Japanese patients with T2D insufficiently controlled with insulin (1:1:1) to empagliflozin 10 mg (n=89), empagliflozin 25 mg (n=90) or placebo (n=90) for 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) at 16 weeks.ResultsAt 16 weeks, empagliflozin 10 mg and 25 mg significantly decreased HbA1c: adjusted mean difference −0.92% (95% confidence interval [CI] −1.11, −0.73) and −1.00% (95% CI −1.18, −0.82; both P<0.0001) compared with placebo. This difference was maintained up to 52 weeks: adjusted mean difference at 52 weeks −0.90% (95% CI −1.09, −0.70) and −0.96% (95% CI −1.15, −0.77; both P<0.0001). At 52 weeks, significant improvements in fasting plasma glucose (adjusted mean difference −27.62 mg/dL [95% CI −36.15, −19.08] and −31.99 mg/dL [95% CI −40.35, −23.62]) and in body weight (−1.78 kg [95% CI −2.46, −1.10] and −1.92 kg [95% CI −2.58, −1.25]) were also seen with empagliflozin 10 mg and 25 mg compared with placebo (all P<0.0001). At 52 weeks, the frequency of adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs was similar in the three treatment groups; confirmed hypoglycaemia was reported slightly more in participants in the empagliflozin 10 mg and 25 mg groups (23.3% and 22.2% vs 14.4%). All hypoglycaemic events were mild in severity; no episodes required assistance.ConclusionsIn Japanese patients with insufficiently controlled T2D, adding empagliflozin 10 mg or 25 mg to insulin treatment was associated with clinically meaningful reductions in HbA1c at 16 weeks and was generally well tolerated.
Acute cardiac disease in the postpartum: What to think
Authors: Sozzi Fabiola B. , Schiavone Marco , Maalouf Joseph F. , Gherbesi Elisa , Zilocchi Massimo , Canetta Ciro , Colombo Federico 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA rare case of a spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) in the postpartum of a 32‐year‐old woman is presented. Pregnancy‐related SCAD is a potentially life‐threatening condition. SCAD is triggered by nonatherosclerotic disease, typically affects young‐aged women and is still often underdiagnosed. Cardiac magnetic resonance is crucial to demonstrate the ischemic origin of the disease. A conservative management is generally preferred in stable SCAD as most dissected segments will heal spontaneously over a few months. Additionally, the percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with high rate of complications and procedural failure. The aim of this case was to improve awareness of SCAD and to advise clinicians seeking aid with patient management.
A case of left atrial compression secondary to angioedema
Authors: Heckle Mark , Garg Nadish , Romero Legro Ivan H. , DeLeeuw Peter , Lanfranco Molina Julio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAngioedema due to angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors is an uncommon, but deadly adverse reaction with an overall incidence of 0.1%‐0.2%. Rapid accumulation of interstitial fluid and vasodilation classically involves the mucus membranes of the mouth and face but has the ability to affect other areas. We describe a case of angioedema secondary to ACE inhibitor that affected the esophagus causing left atrial compression and hemodynamic compromise.
Childhood adversity and depressive symptoms among young adults: Examining the roles of individuation difficulties and perceived social support
Authors: Kealy David , Rice Simon M. , Cox Daniel W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAimWhile childhood adversity is a known risk for depressive symptoms, little is known about the contributing role of individuation difficulties among young adults. The present study examined individuation difficulties and perceived social support—and their interaction—as moderators of the relationship between childhood adversity exposure and depressive symptoms.MethodsYoung adults (N = 119; M = 20.8 years) completed self‐report assessments of childhood adversity, depressive symptoms, individuation difficulties, and perceived social support. Regression analyses were used to examine interaction effects regarding depressive symptom severity.ResultsA significant moderated moderation effect was found whereby individuation difficulties interacted with adversity exposure as perceived social support was reduced. Thus, at high levels of individuation difficulties, young adults with exposure to childhood adversity reported elevated depressive symptoms. This effect was buffered by social support such that when individuation difficulties were high, the association between adversity and depressive symptoms decreased from low to moderate and high support.ConclusionIndividuation difficulties and social support are important factors in the development of depressive symptoms from exposure to childhood adversity among young adults.
Impact of emotion dysregulation and cognitive insight on psychotic and depressive symptoms during the early course of schizophrenia spectrum disorders
Authors: Liu Jianlin , Chan Tommy C. T. , Chong Siow Ann , Subramaniam Mythily , Mahendran Rathi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveEmotion dysregulation is relevant to the aetiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). While most studies have focused on the chronic phase of SSD, little is known about the effects of emotion dysregulation and associated cognitive risk factors during the early phase of the illness, with negative implications for early intervention. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, global emotion dysregulation, and cognitive insight on psychotic and comorbid depressive symptoms in patients with early SSD.MethodParticipants included 150 newly diagnosed outpatients with SSD who were seeking treatment at the Early Psychosis Intervention Program. All participants completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale, and Beck Cognitive Insight Scale. Severity of psychotic and depressive symptoms were rated on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale.ResultsMultivariate regression adjusting for gender and psychiatric comorbidity revealed that global emotion dysregulation was associated with more severe positive and depressive symptoms. Further moderation analyses revealed a significant interaction between global emotion dysregulation and cognitive insight (self‐certainty) on depression such that for patients with high self‐certainty, greater global emotion dysregulation was associated with increased severity of depressive symptoms. There was no interaction between global emotion dysregulation and cognitive insight on positive symptoms.ConclusionsOur findings provide preliminary support for the associations between emotion dysregulation and psychopathology in early SSD. Further research is needed to examine the transdiagnostic role of emotion dysregulation in the aetiology and treatment of a wider range of psychotic disorders.