bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 4-plex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) to quantity four food-borne pathogenic bacteria simultaneously
Authors: Sun Xueqi , Xiao Jian , Wei Haiyan , Chen Kai , Huang Zhishen , Lao Jiaqian , Lin Xiuming , Liang Meidan , Zeng Shanmei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

To establish a 4-plex ddPCR method for quantitatively detecting the four major pathogenic bacteria: Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus in instant food simultaneously, primers, probes, and PCR conditions were optimized. For the 4-plex ddPCR assay, four target pathogens demonstrated a good linear correlation to the readouts (r2>0.999). The linear dynamic ranges were: 33-21504 copies/20µL for Salmonella, 28-18404 copies/20µL for Staphylococcus aureus, 25-27012 copies/20µL for Listeria monocytogenes and 15-15560 copies /20µL for Bacillus cereus. The relative standard deviations (RSD) at different concentrations of the target pathogens were all less than 25% (n = 5) indicating the good repeatability of the assay. The detection limits were 8 copies/20µL (Salmonella), 7 copies/20µL (Staphylococcus aureus), 9 copies/20µL (Listeria monocytogenes) and 7 copies/20µL (Bacillus cereus). The established 4-plex ddPCR assay was evaluated in parallel with the classical plate colony-counting method to detect the target pathogens in the four types of simulated samples. The results from the two assays are similar with deviations less than 9%. Still, the PCR assay appears superior to the plate method, evidenced by the short turnaround time, lower detection limit, and robust reproducibility.
An Island that has been an Island twice: How and why small volcanic ocean islands collapse and move vertically up and down
Authors: Marques Fernando O. , Ribeiro Luísa P. , Hübscher Christian , Costa Ana C.G. , Hildenbrand Anthony 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Mass controls two major processes in volcanic islands: large-scale collapse and vertical movements. Therefore, large islands like Hawaii are gradually subsiding and have undergone massive landsliding. What if the mass is much smaller, and there is good evidence that the vertical movement is more complex than simple loading-related subsidence? Here, we show that small volcanic islands, seemingly stable because of the small mass, can undergo sector collapses that can affect the vertical movement of the island. Santa Maria Island (Azores) is ca. 170 times smaller than Hawaii; however, it has collapsed more than once, as inferred from new onshore and marine geophysical data. From the vertical distribution of submarine and subaerial lavas, we can infer a complex subsidence and uplift history (seamount-island-seamount-island), which is most likely the consequence of alternating volcanic construction and large-scale collapses. Given the age difference between Santa Maria and the underlying oceanic crust, the island likely sits on several hundred meters of marine sediments that could behave as a weak layer (detachment) under shear. We evaluate the likely collapse mechanism by numerical modelling and conclude that small volcanic islands can collapse when both the edifice and its substrate are weak. The proximity of Santa Maria to the East Azores Fault, active during the volcanic lifetime of Santa Maria, may point to the trigger mechanism of the flank collapses. The inferred instability factor, a weak substrate, could be responsible for similar evolutions in other volcanic ocean islands sitting on sediments overlying the igneous oceanic crust.
Development and validation of a minimal SNP genotyping panel for the differentiation of Cannabis sativa chemovars
Authors: Cull Alex , Joly David L. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Due to its previously illicit nature, cannabis had not fully reaped the benefits of recent innovations in genomic plant science. However, Canada’s legalization of cannabis in 2018 triggered significant new demand for robust genotyping tools to assist breeders in meeting consumer demands. While most molecular marker-based research on cannabis has focused on screening for traits of agronomic value, more recent research has sought to use molecular markers to differentiate between cannabis cultivars.
Results
In this study, we have conducted whole genome sequencing of 32 cannabis chemovars, mined the sequencing data for SNPs, developed a reduced SNP genotyping panel to discriminate between sequenced chemovars, then validated the 20-SNP panel using DNA from the sequenced varieties and tested the assays on commercially available cannabis products. The assay conversion rate was high in DNA extracted from fresh plant material and middling in DNA extracted from commercial samples. However, called genotypes were internally consistent, highlighting discrepancies between genotypes predicted using sequencing data and observed using genotyping assays. The primary contributions of this work are to clearly document the process used to develop this genotyping panel and outline improvements and goals for future iterations of PCR-based, minimal SNP panels to enable efficient development genotyping tools to identify and screen cannabis varieties.
Conclusions
Our key recommendations are to leverage higher read length paired-end short-read technology; conduct in-depth pre- and post-processing of reads, mapping, and variant calling data; integrate trait-associated loci to develop multi-purpose panels; use iterative approaches for in vitro validation; and integrate redundancy to account for errors throughout the pipeline and the effects of irradiation sterilization on cannabis DNA extracted from commercially available dried flower samples.
Association of Oxidative Balance Score with chronic constipation and diarrhea among adult men and women:Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(2007-2010)
Authors: Cao Yaoling , Yang Zhihao , Tang Qinqing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
Chronic constipation and diarrhea are prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorders. Various factors related to diet and lifestyle contribute to functional bowel disorders. We aimed to examine the association between Oxidative Balance Score(OBS) and chronic constipation and diarrhea among US adult men and women.
Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey covering the years 2007 to 2010. Altogether, 4,462 subjects were enrolled in our study. The independent variable is the OBS scoring based on 20 types of dietary and lifestyle components. We conducted binary logistic regression, subgroup analysis by sex, and used restricted cubic spline (RCS) to illustrate the relationship between OBS and abnormal bowel health.
Results
In the fully-adjusted Model 3, the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval for OBS in the fourth quartile was 0.302 (0.113, 0.808) (p for trend < 0.001) in men with constipation, compared to the third quartile. Similarly, the incidence of of diarrhea in women varied significantly across OBS in the third quartile [OR: 0.422 (0.218, 0.816), P = 0.010] and the fourth quartile [OR: 0.387 (0.178, 0.839), P = 0.016] (P for trend < 0.001). A negative linear trend between OBS and constipation is identified by RCS, with a p-value for non-linear relations greater than 0.05.
Conclusion
In conclusion, low OBS is negatively related to the risk of constipation in males and diarrhea in females.
Suppressed ammonia emission through the circulation of composted liquid fertilizer from swine waste liquid discharge system
Authors: Lee Sang-Ryong , Kim Gyuwon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Ammonia (NH3) emissions from animal feeding operations (AFOs) contribute significantly to the total ammonia inventory, causing problems ranging from discomfort for nearby residents to forming particulate matter precursors like NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4. Reducing NH3 emissions from AFOs is crucial and requires the implementation of improved manure management systems. In South Korea, a liquid fertilizer circulation (LFC) system has been adopted in the swine industry to convert manure waste into usable fertilizer. However, enhanced NH3 emissions due to microbial activity, particularly anaerobes in swine pit slurry, have been observed. The efficiency of NH3 emission reduction from the LFC system, particularly under controlled variables such as pH, total ammonium nitrogen (TAN), temperature, ion activity, and turbulence, has not been thoroughly investigated. This study evaluated slurry (SL) and liquid fertilizer (LF) from four farms, mixed in three different ratios (SL:LF-7:3, 5:5, and 3:7). These mixtures were tested in a simple-flow Teflon-lined chamber equipped with scrubbers for NH3 collection. Results indicated that swine pit liquid mixed with LF from the LFC system significantly reduced NH3 emissions, likely due to the dilution effect and the bacterial activities that mitigate NH3 emissions in swine slurry.
Cobalt oxide-Zinc oxide nanocatalysts loaded on activated carbon for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye in water
Authors: Dinka Waktola Fite , Regasa Melkamu Biyana 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Water contamination with organic dyes like methylene blue (MB) becomes among the main issues at the present time owing to their carcinogenicity and toxic nature towards ecology and human health. Thus, the removal of MB from water using adsorption-photocatalytic degradation method become promising due to its potential to convert this contaminant into non-harmful products. Wastewater containing MB micropollutants can be treated by photocatalytic degradation that involves the application of light and a photocatalyst to break down this dye into less harmful substances. Here, we report cobalt oxide-Zinc oxide (Zn/Co3O4) binary nanocomposite supported on the activated carbon (AC) phoyocatalyst was prepared from the renewable agricultural solid waste (coffee husk) to break down MB in water bodies. The photocatalyst’s optical band gap, average crystalline size and functional groups were characterized by using UV-vis, XRD and FTIR techniques, respectively. The adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of the MB was studied at the optimum experimental parameter values of pH 10, initial concentration of dye of 10 mg/L, catalyst dose of 80 mg and contact time of 120 minutes. Under optimized conditions, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of MB is 96.16% for ZnO/Co3O4/AC (1:2:2 mass ratios). Furthermore, the light assisted catalytic degradation of MB revealed that the use of AC as support for ZnO/Co3O4 greatly improved the overall performance of the nanocatalyst against MB. This implies that the photocatalytic activities based on the ZnO/Co3O4/AC nanocomposite showed better photo-catalytic efficiency for the target MB dye. The prepared nanocatalyst is renewable and promising for further applications in the future.
A short-term load forecasting framework for air conditioning system based on model stacking
Authors: Liu Tianjie , Jiao Wenling , Huang Zhiwei , Yu Jianting , Zhang Xin , Li Luling 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Accurate short-term air conditioning load forecasting is very important for controlling air conditioning energy consumption, and is also a requisite for realizing intelligent control of air conditioning units. This paper proposes a short-term load forecasting framework for air conditioning based on the concept of model stacking, which combines six mature machine learning models, including Lasso regression, Ridge regression, Random Forest, Support Vector Regression, eXtreme Gradient Boosting and Long Short-Term Memory, and trains new prediction models through model stacking. In order to realize the short term forecast function of air conditioning load, this paper presents a complete forecast framework, which includes operational procedures for feature screening, algorithm hyperparameters optimization, and cross stacking of prediction models. A real air conditioning system is employed for prediction analysis, the prediction results showed that 28 out of 36 control simulations achieved better prediction accuracy, with an average increase in R2 of 6.4%. Notably, simpler submodels in the meta-model yield better results in model stacking, whereas complex coupling models as the meta-model may degrade performance. These findings provide insights into implementation of model stacking and selecting the meta-model for short-term air conditioning load forecasting.
Sub-nanometer Alloyed Clusters Sustain High Productivity in Propane Dehydrogenation
Authors: He Qian , Lu Shangchen , tang Yaxin , Yao Bingqing , Xi Shibo , Lim Kang Hui , Xu Chaokai , Du Yankun , Fu Xingjie , Tan Shengdong , Zhao Binbin , Luo Wenhao , Wade Chalres , Ma Lu , Dai Sheng , Kawi Sibudjing , Yan Ning , Lu Jiong , Chen Wei , Luo Guangfu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Propane dehydrogenation (PDH) processes typically operate at low weight-hourly space velocities (WHSV) of around 10 h⁻¹ to ensure catalyst stability, which however limits propylene productivity to around 0.1 molC3H6·gcatalyst-1·h-1 or less. Here, we report well-controlled sub-nm alloyed PtSn clusters that can sustain propylene productivities about an order of magnitude better when operated at high propane WHSVs. At 165 h⁻¹, the catalyst achieved about 1 molC3H6·gcatalyst-1·h-1 for over 300 hours, with >99% propylene selectivity and a low deactivation rate of approximately 0.002 h⁻¹. Furthermore, the spent catalyst can be fully regenerated using simple air calcination. The clusters themselves have dynamic structures, which, along with their small size and complex coordination environment, allow Pt sites to access a broader range of electronic configurations. This is likely to provide the PDH reaction with a wider energy landscape to navigate, helping to surpass the activity-stability trade-offs in conventional catalysts.
Robust Fuzzy Dynamic Integrated Environmental-Economic-Social Scheduling Considering Demand Response and User’s Satisfaction with Electricity Under Multiple Uncertainties
Authors: ZHANG Hong , Qianwei XI , Lei CHEN , Yong MIN , Xiongxiong FAN , FANG Wenjin , Nan TIAN , Fei XU 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aiming at the problems that the uncertainty modeling process of price-based demand response is oversimplified, inconsistent for change pattern of error, and the reliability in user’s comprehensive satisfaction is neglected in the optimal scheduling for power system under multiple uncertainties, integrated factors of economy, environment and society, a multi-objective robust fuzzy optimal scheduling model considering power demand response and user’s comprehensive satisfaction with electricity under multiple uncertainties is proposed. On the basis of analyzing the operation mechanism of the multi-source system and the characteristics of multiple uncertainty sources, the robust theory is used to construct power output model of wind and photovoltaic (PV), and the fuzzy theory is used to construct power demand response model. Taking the lowest comprehensive operation cost as the economic objective, the smallest emissions of CO2 and atmospheric pollutants as environmental objective and the largest user’s comprehensive satisfaction with electricity as the social objective, based on the robust fuzzy theory, the multi-objective uncertainty optimal scheduling model is constructed, which is transformed into deterministic model and then solved by intelligent optimization algorithm. Based on the improved IEEE-39 node system to verify the validity and superiority of the price-based demand response uncertainty modelling method and multiple uncertainty modelling method in this paper, as well as the reasonableness and necessity for considering the reliability in the user’s comprehensive satisfaction with electricity and the multiple uncertainties in power system optimal scheduling.
Physicochemical properties and biological interaction of calcium silicate-based sealers - in vivo model
Authors: Janini Ana Cristina Padilha , Moraes Brenda Fornazaro , Pelepenko Lauter Eston , Santos Victor Augusto Benedicto dos , Barros-Costa Matheus , Malosá Gabriela Fernanda , Batista Fábio Roberto Souza , Meira Juliana Aguiar Silveira , Matsumoto Mariza Akemi , Bessa Thiago , Filho Gaspar Darin , Neto Francisco Haiter , Gomes Brenda P. F. A. , Marciano Marina Angélica 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate volumetric changes, in vivo biocompatibility, and systemic migration from eight commercial materials in paste/paste, powder/liquid, and pre-mixed forms.
Material and Methods: After characterisation, tubes were implanted in Wistar rats’ alveolar bone and subcutaneous tissues. Micro-CT evaluated volumetric changes pre/post 30 days of implantation. Histological and immunohistochemistry analyses assessed biocompatibility. Kidney samples underwent spectrometry (ICP-MS) for tantalum, tungsten and zirconium. Statistical analysis determined normality and significance (p < 0.05).
Results: Characterisation revealed calcium, silicon, and radiopacifiers in the materials. Volumetric changes showed greater alteration in subcutaneous tissues than alveolar bone; BioRoot RCS and MTApex (powder/liquid) were most stable. Histological analysis indicated intense inflammation for AH Plus Jet, moderate for others; IL-10 was marked positively for all materials. Unexpectedly, AH Plus Jet had an 18-fold higher tungsten and a 37-fold higher zirconium mass fraction in kidneys versus controls, while tantalum showed lower accumulation patterns.
Conclusion: Root canal filling materials’ responses varied by implantation site and form, demonstrating acceptable biocompatibility. Tantalum and zirconium oxide radiopacifiers appear systemically safe; tungsten-based radiopacifiers are unsuitable due to metal accumulation risks.
Clinical Relevance: This study highlights the need for further in vivo studies on endodontic sealers’ chemical, biological, and physical behaviors and their systemic migration.
Navigating Care: Understanding Cancer Patients’ Experiences with Systemic Radionuclide Therapy
Authors: Starkbaum Johannes , Thircuir Solenn , Winkler Florian , Griessler Erich 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Systemic Radionuclide Therapy (SRT), using the radioactive substance Lutathera (177LU), has emerged as a promising treatment option for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). While studies suggest that SRT has rather positive health outcomes, there is a lack of research exploring patients’ experiences of this treatment. This may be because NETs are widely regarded as a rare disease and SRT as an emerging technology. This paper explores the journeys NET patients take to receive SRT and their perceptions of its clinical application. Our findings highlight the specific challenges that patients face with SRT and how some of these are mitigated in clinical practice. These include the often long journeys to specific treatment options, and how these may be subject to social inequalities. In the specific context of the clinic, we documented the challenges posed by the radiation involved, particularly the need for social isolation. We find that notions of care from the patient's perspective are relevant to increasing well-being and trust in medicine. Our study thus highlights the importance of care in a specific case of an emerging technology in cancer research, which typically receives much less attention than issues of innovation and risk management.
LLM-based program analysis for source codes, abstract syntax trees and WebAssembly instructions
Authors: Deng Liangjun , Zhong Qi , Qiu Yao , Chen Jingxue , Lei Hang , Yang Shunkun , Zhou Liming , Cheng Hongyuan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The advancement of Web3.0 technology has brought about an urgent need for ensuring the safety and reliability of the software systems. Program analysis, a crucial aspect of software security research needs a unified solution for various cross-language program. Moreover, the previous studies regard the necessity of capturing structured features from the ASTs, commonly holding a conception that plain text and compiled binary instructions were challenging to represent and identify. This paper proposes a method of program instruction file embedding directly into natural language. we train large language models (LLMs) with 20 billion to identify defect and non-defect of WebAssembly. Experiment results demonstrate that program instruction analysis surpasses traditional techniques, achieving state-of-the-art accuracy exceeding 98.1 percent. Our study also suggests a practical approach of plain text embedding using a 7.65 billion parameters language model. Interestingly, misformatted source cdoes are readable to humans but un-compilable, and the accuracy remains above 98.63 percent. This paper not only introduces novel instruction and plain text embedding approach for future program security analysis, but also provides new insights for subsequent research about the three program analysis forms of plain text, ASTs, and instructions.
Sero-Prevalence of Syphilis Infection Among Pregnant Women Attending Banadir Hospital, Mogadishu-Somalia
Authors: AHMED ABDULRAZAK MOHAMED , Fujeyra Abdalle 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This research explores the impact of health factors on the prevalence of syphilis among pregnant women receiving care at Banadir Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia. A sample size of 150 individuals was studied, revealing that the majority were young (aged 21–30) and married, and had high levels of education and income. A syphilis prevalence rate of 0.7% was recorded, and many participants lacked awareness concerning transmitted diseases (STDs). Limited levels of education (64.7) and income (54) were identified as potential barriers to healthcare access, resulting in increased susceptibility to infections. The records show that there are pregnancies and late-stage pregnancies, with a greater chance of infection due to limited involvement in healthcare services due to the individual's past experiences of motherhood and pregnancy complications. Despite being uncommonly seen the results emphasize the challenges in understanding sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) due to economic and educational limitations which affect awareness and access to medical care enhancing screening for syphilis during pregnancy promoting public awareness programs on healthcare issues and offering specific interventions along with socioeconomic help could enhance the health outcomes of mothers and decrease the risk of disease transmission.