bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alloy 800H: Material and Fabrication Challenges Associated With the Mitigation of Stress Relaxation Cracking
Authors: Colwell Richard , Shargay Cathleen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Heat resistant Iron-Nickel-Chrome alloys, such as Alloy 800H, are designed to be used at elevated temperatures. At temperatures ranging from 550 to 750°C (1022 to 1380°F) these alloys can be susceptible to stress relaxation cracking (SRC). For these and other high temperature alloys, API Technical Report 942-B provides recommended ranges for material composition, as well as fabrication and heat treatment measures to mitigate Stress Relaxation Cracking. However, it has been shown to be difficult to obtain material that satisfies the API recommended prescriptions. Recommended alloy composition, welding and fabrication steps can become complex for special situations found on projects (i.e. thicker wall piping, dissimilar metal welds, etc.). This paper discusses example applications, and the reasons for selecting Alloy 800H. It also describes the SRC mechanism, the technical justifications for the API 942-B recommendations, and the challenges that have been experienced trying to meet these recommendations.
Robust Design Approach to 2 Inch and 3 Inch Thermal Tees on 14 Inch Pipework for Hot and Cold Fluid Turbulent Mixing at the Branch-Run Interface
Authors: Wallace Phil 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a concept design methodology to establish robust designs against thermal fatigue of 2″ and 3″ thermal tee branch sizes on 14″ pipework, which are subjected to relatively hot and cold fluid turbulent mixing, for use in Pressurised Water Reactor Plant.
Thermal tees can be subjected to extremely demanding thermal fatigue conditions, e.g. high temperature fluctuations causing high stress ranges where hot and cold fluid mix at the tee position from different branches of the system, these conditions ultimately limiting design life.
Prior to conducting a full design justification to the ASME Section III code [1], which for these components Rolls-Royce has justified by a section NB3200 approach using finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics, analysis/iteration time can be saved, and the likelihood of a robust design being found increased, by understanding the effect and significance of geometric features of the tees. Fundamentally, establishing which features have a greater influence on the thermal fatigue performance of the tee and setting maximum and minimum values for these features. This paper presents an approach that can be used in the concept design phase to understand the influence of variables such as: branch throat internal diameter, run versus branch reinforcement, inclusion of integral orifices and branch fluid flow rate, and also of how they interact with each other in relation to providing a code compliant design. The approach is also used to size such features so that they are away from ‘cliff edges’ in performance, i.e. away from values that are likely to produce high stress levels and reduce design life.
The paper covers: the variables chosen to be investigated, the methodology including the associated stress models to understand the effect of variable change and positioning in the ‘design landscape’, and identifies which geometric features should be maximised or minimised in size to maximise thermal fatigue life.
A Case Study Aiming to Mitigate Pipe Vibrations Using CFD and Dynamic Stress Analysis Approach
Authors: Phatak Amar , Bhende Gaurav , Mane Nilesh 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Piping vibrations in process plants are rarely analyzed or anticipated correctly during the ‘design Stage’. Most of the times ‘in -depth’ analysis is not carried out during ‘design stage’ except following few good engineering practices. As a result, few pipes can show excessive vibrations during operations that fall under the ‘danger’ zone. The vibrating pipe transfers the vibrations to the steel structure and these vibrations are experienced by operating personnel causing a ‘safety hazard’. The real risk is loss of containment due to unacceptable vibrations and eventual fatigue failure of pipe and or structure. The reason resulting in vibrations can be connection of pipe with rotating equipment, the vibration of structure on which the pipe is supported, flow inside the pipe, noise level or slug / water hammer.
Here, the authors present a case study of a vibrating pipe beyond the accepted limit and how the pipe vibrations which are being transferred to supporting platform are minimized. The analytical results obtained by software simulations are benchmarked against actual readings measured at the site. The paper also provides the mathematics and its application to solve a practical vibration problem. It provides a systematic approach starting from generic calculations until a detailed flow simulation. In the end, it provides guidelines to select rubber and viscous dampers. The innovative part of the case study is the usage of specially designed rubber mounds which have yet not been used for pipe vibrations.
Syn-exhumation magmatism in an active continental margin above a continental subduction zone: Evidence from Late Triassic mafic igneous rocks in the southeastern North China Block
Authors: Fang Wei , Dai Li-Qun , Zheng Yong-Fei , Zhao Zi-Fu , Chen Qi , Zhou Yao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSyn-subduction arc magmatism is absent above continental subduction zones, providing important constraints on the nature of petrogenetic processes during continental collision. Nevertheless, we have identified syn-exhumation mafic igneous rocks in an active continental margin above a continental subduction zone, where the South China Block (SCB) was deeply subducted beneath the North China Block (NCB) for collisional orogeny in the Triassic. These mafic igneous rocks occur in the southeastern margin of the NCB, showing consistent Late Triassic zircon U-Pb ages of ca. 219–218 Ma, coeval with exhumation of the deeply subducted continental crust. These rocks are categorized into two series of sub-alkaline and alkaline, all exhibiting arc-like trace element distribution patterns, highly enriched radiogenic Sr-Nd-Hf and high zircon O isotope compositions. In particular, they exhibit two-stage whole-rock Nd and Hf model ages and zircon Hf model ages of Paleoproterozoic, which are comparable to those of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks with the SCB affinity in the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt. Such geochemical features indicate that these mafic igneous rocks were derived from partial melting of ultramafic metasomatites generated by reaction of felsic melts from the subducted SCB with the mantle wedge peridotite beneath the NCB. The geochemical differences in element and isotope compositions between the two series igneous rocks can be mainly ascribed to different proportions of the crustal component in the metasomatites, which is verified by quantitative modellings of the geochemical transfer in the continental subduction zone. The systematic variations in some geochemical variables such as Fe/Mn, Zn/Fe, and Nb/Ta ratios indicate pyroxenite-rich and hornblendite-rich lithologies, respectively, for the sub-alkaline and alkaline series igneous rocks. With the tectonic extension for exhumation of the deeply subducted continental crust in the Late Triassic, the fertile and enriched metasomatites in the mantle wedge underwent partial melting for the syn-exhumation mafic magmatism in the southeastern NCB. Therefore, the mafic igneous rocks in the active continental margin not only record the crust-mantle interaction in the continental subduction zone, but also witness the generation of syn-exhumation magmatism in the late stage of continental collision.
Prerequisites to support high-quality clinical trials in children and young people
Authors: Hirschfeld Steven , Lagler Florian B , Kindblom Jenny M 
Published: October 2020

Children have the right to treatment based on the same quality of information that guides treatment in adults. Without the proper evaluation of medicinal products and devices in paediatric clinical trials that are designed to meet the rigorous standards of the competent authorities, children are discriminated from advances in medicine. There are regulatory, scientific and ethical incentives to address the knowledge gap regarding efficacy and safety of medicines in the paediatric population. High-quality clinical trials involving children of all ages can generate data that will ultimately close the knowledge gaps and support decision making.For clinical trials that enrol children, the needs are specialised and often resource intensive. Prerequisites for successful paediatric clinical trials are personnel with training in both paediatrics and neonatology and expertise in clinical trials in these populations. Moreover, national and international networks for efficient collaboration, dissemination of information, and sharing of resources and expertise are also needed, together with competent, efficient and high-quality local infrastructure with effective processes. Monitoring and oversight bodies with the relevant competence, including expertise in paediatrics, is also an important prerequisite for paediatric clinical trials. Compromise in any of these components will compromise the downstream results.This paper discusses the structures and competences needed in order to perform effective, high-quality paediatric clinical trials with the ultimate goal of better medicines and treatments for children. We propose a model of examining the process as a series of components that each has to be optimised, then all the components are actively optimised to function together as an ecosystem, and the resulting ecosystem functions well with the general research system and the healthcare delivery system.
Developing new models of care at speed: learning from healthcare redesign for children with COVID-related multisystem inflammation
Authors: Cheung C Ronny , Finnemore Anna , Handforth Jennifer , Bohmer Richard , Christiansen Nanna , Miller Owen 
Published: October 2020

This article describes the rapid, system-wide reconfiguration of local and network services in response to the newly described paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) (also known as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children). Developing the model of care for this novel disease, whose natural history, characteristics and treatment options were still unclear, presented distinct challenges.We analyse this redesign through the lens of healthcare management science, and outline transferable principles which may be of specific and urgent relevance for paediatricians yet to experience the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic; and more generally, for those developing a new clinical service or healthcare operating model to manage the sudden emergence of any unanticipated clinical entity. Health service leaders in areas where COVID-19 is, or will soon be, in the ascendancy, and who are anticipating the imminent influx of PIMS-TS, should use these principles and recommendations to plan an agile, responsive and system-wide model of care for these children.
Prenatal features in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and indications for prenatal testing
Authors: Carli Diana , Bertola Chiara , Cardaropoli Simona , Ciuffreda Valentina Pia , Pieretto Marta , Ferrero Giovanni Battista , Mussa Alessandro 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundMost cases of Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp) are diagnosed after birth and few studies evaluated the prenatal phenotype; here, we investigate these aspects in a large series of patients with BWSp.MethodsEighty-nine patients with BWSp recruited through the BWSp Internal Registry of the Pediatric Genetics Unit of the Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital of Torino and through the Italian Association of Patients with BWSp. Data collection was conducted through administration of a personalised questionnaire, interview to patients’ parents, review of the clinical records, including prenatal ultrasound (US) and biochemical screening tests, physical examination and review of clinical and molecular data of the patients.ResultsSeventeen patients (19.1%) were conceived through assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Twinning occurred in nine pregnancies (three from ART). Pregnancy biochemical screening tests showed increased alpha-fetoprotein (1.52±0.79 multiples of median (MoM), p=0.001), uEstriol (1.37±0.38 MoM, p<0.001) and total human chorionic gonadotrophin (2.14±2.12 MoM, p=0.008) at 15–18 weeks (n=28). Morphology US scan revealed abdominal and head circumferences higher than normal (1.42±1.10 SD scores, p<0.001 and 0.54±0.88, p<0.001, respectively) with normal femur lengths. Sixty-four cases (71.9%%) had a various combination of US findings, including macrosomia (n=32), omphalocele (n=15), enlargement of abdominal organs (n=6), macroglossia (n=11), adrenal cysts/masses (n=2), nephroureteral anomalies (n=11), polyhydramnios (n=28), placental enlargement (n=2) or mesenchymal dysplasia (n=4).ConclusionWe propose a clinical scoring system for prenatal molecular investigations defining major, minor and supportive criteria among the several features often observed prenatally in BWSp.
Cognitive effects and acceptability of non-invasive brain stimulation on Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment: a component network meta-analysis
Authors: Chu Che-Sheng , Li Cheng-Ta , Brunoni Andre R. , Yang Fu-Chi , Tseng Ping-Tao , Tu Yu-Kang , Stubbs Brendon , Carvalho André F. , Thompson Trevor , Rajji Tarek k. , Yeh Ta-Chuan , Tsai Chia-Kuang , Chen Tien-Yu , Li Dian-Jeng , Hsu Chih-Wei , Wu Yi-Cheng , Yu Chia-Ling , Liang Chih-Sung 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesTo compare cognitive effects and acceptability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to determine whether cognitive training (CT) during rTMS or tDCS provides additional benefits.MethodsElectronic search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library and PsycINFO up to 5 March 2020. We enrolled double-blind, randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The primary outcomes were acceptability and pre–post treatment changes in general cognition measured by Mini-Mental State Examination, and the secondary outcomes were memory function, verbal fluency, working memory and executive function. Durability of cognitive benefits (1, 2 and ≥3 months) after brain stimulation was examined.ResultsWe included 27 RCTs (n=1070), and the treatment components included high-frequency rTMS (HFrTMS) and low-frequency rTMS, anodal tDCS (atDCS) and cathodal tDCS (ctDCS), CT, sham CT and sham brain stimulation. Risk of bias of evidence in each domain was low (range: 0%–11.1%). HFrTMS (1.08, 9, 0.35–1.80) and atDCS (0.56, 0.03–1.09) had short-term positive effects on general cognition. CT might be associated with negative effects on general cognition (−0.79, –2.06 to 0.48) during rTMS or tDCS. At 1-month follow-up, HFrTMS (1.65, 0.77–2.54) and ctDCS (2.57, 0.20–4.95) exhibited larger therapeutic responses. Separate analysis of populations with pure AD and MCI revealed positive effects only in individuals with AD. rTMS and tDCS were well tolerated.ConclusionsHFrTMS is more effective than atDCS for improving global cognition, and patients with AD may have better responses to rTMS and tDCS than MCI.
Ten tips for organising a Bleep Roulette for final year medical students and new foundation trainees
Authors: Udeaja Yagazie Zina , Nitiahpapand Rynda 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe initial period adjusting to the roles and responsibilities of a new foundation doctor can be a challenging and anxious time for graduating medical students and new trainees. Over recent years, many educational initiatives such as shadowing placements, assistantships and compulsory induction programmes have been implemented to improve medical student preparedness for clinical practice. Despite this, many graduates still report a lack of confidence and preparedness when starting their clinical placements, specifically within the context of on-call shifts. Bleep Roulette simulation sessions are progressively being used to further bridge the gap from student to trainee and ensure trainees develop prioritisation, organisational and clinical reasoning skills, improving trainee efficiency during an on-call shift. In this article, we provide 10 tips for medical educators, detailing how to design an efficacious Bleep Roulette session for final year medical students and new foundation trainees.
Shiraishi functor and non-Kerov deformation of Macdonald polynomials
Authors: Awata Hidetoshi , Kanno Hiroaki , Mironov Andrei , Morozov Alexei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe suggest a further generalization of the hypergeometric-like series due to M. Noumi and J. Shiraishi by substituting the Pochhammer symbol with a nearly arbitrary function. Moreover, this generalization is valid for the entire Shiraishi series, not only for its Noumi–Shiraishi part. The theta function needed in the recently suggested description of the double-elliptic systems [Awata et al. JHEP 2020:150, arXiv:2005.10563, (2020)], 6d N = 2* SYM instanton calculus and the doubly-compactified network models, is a very particular member of this huge family. The series depends on two kinds of variables,$$\vec {x}$$x→and$$\vec {y}$$y→, and on a set of parameters, which becomes infinitely large now. Still, one of the parameters,pis distinguished by its role in the series grading. When$$\vec {y}$$y→are restricted to a discrete subset labeled by Young diagrams, the series multiplied by a monomial factor reduces to a polynomial at any given order inp. All this makes the map from functions to the hypergeometric-like series very promising, and we call itShiraishi functordespite it remains to be seen, what are exactly the morphisms that it preserves. Generalized Noumi–Shiraishi (GNS) symmetric polynomials inspired by the Shiraishi functor in the leading order inpcan be obtained by a triangular transform from the Schur polynomials and possess an interesting grading. They provide a family of deformations of Macdonald polynomials, as rich as the family of Kerov functions, still very different from them, and, in fact, much closer to the Macdonald polynomials. In particular, unlike the Kerov case, these polynomials do not depend on the ordering of Young diagrams in the triangular expansion.
Diagnosis inspired by the thermodynamic geometry for different thermodynamic schemes of the charged BTZ black hole
Authors: Xu Zhen-Ming , Wu Bin , Yang Wen-Li 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDue to the asymptotic structure of the black hole solution, there are two different thermodynamic schemes for the charged Banados–Teitelboim–Zanelli (BTZ) black hole. In one scheme, the charged BTZ black hole is super-entropic, while in the other, it is not (the reverse isoperimetric inequality is saturated). In this paper, we investigate the thermodynamic curvature of the charged BTZ black hole in different coordinate spaces. We find that in both schemes, the thermodynamic curvature is always positive, which may be related to the information of repulsive interaction between black hole molecules for the charged BTZ black hole if we accept an empirical relationship between the thermodynamic curvature and interaction of a system. More importantly, we provide a diagnosis for the discrimination of the two schemes from the point of view of the thermodynamics geometry. For the charged BTZ black hole, when the reverse isoperimetric inequality is saturated, the thermodynamic curvature of an extreme black hole tends to be infinity, while when the reverse isoperimetric inequality is violated, the thermodynamic curvature of the extreme black hole goes to a finite value.
Histone Methyltransferase SETDB1: A Common Denominator of Tumorigenesis with Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Strepkos Dimitrios , Markouli Mariam , Klonou Alexia , Papavassiliou Athanasios G. , Piperi Christina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEpigenetic regulation of gene expression has been ultimately linked to cancer development, with posttranslational histone modifications representing attractive targets for disease monitoring and therapy. Emerging data have demonstrated histone lysine (K) methylation by methyltransferase SETDB1 as a common denominator of gene regulation in several cancer types. SETDB1 reversibly catalyzes the di- and trimethylation of histone 3 (H3) K9 in euchromatic regions of chromosomes, inhibiting gene transcription within these regions and promoting a switch from euchromatic to heterochromatic states. Recent studies have implicated aberrant SETDB1 activity in the development of various types of cancers, including brain, head and neck, lung, breast, gastrointestinal, ovarian, endometrial and prostate cancer, mesothelioma, melanoma, leukemias, and osteosarcoma. Although its role has not been fully elucidated in every case, most data point toward a pro-oncogenic potential of SETDB1 via the downregulation of critical tumor-suppressive genes. Less commonly, however, SETDB1 can also acquire a tumor-suppressive role, depending on cancer type and stage. Here we provide an updated overview of the cellular and molecular effects underlying SETDB1 activity in cancer development and progression along with current targeting strategies in different cancer types, with promising effects either as a standalone therapy or in conjunction with other therapeutic agents.
Targeting the Cholecystokinin Receptor: A Novel Approach for Treatment and Prevention of Hepatocellular Cancer
Authors: Gay Martha D. , Safronenka Anita , Cao Hong , Liu Felice H. , Malchiodi Zoe X. , Tucker Robin D. , Kroemer Alexander , Shivapurkar Narayan , Smith Jill P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fastest growing cancer worldwide in part due to the obesity epidemic and fatty liver disease, particularly nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Chronic inflammation with the release of cytokines and chemokines with activation of hepatic stellate cells results in changes of the liver extracellular matrix (ECM) that predisposes to the development of HCC. Blood levels of the gastrointestinal peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) are increased in humans and mice consuming a high-fat diet. We found that the CCK-B receptor (CCK-BR) expression increased in the livers of mice with NASH. Treatment of mice with a CCK-BR antagonist, proglumide, prevented NASH, lowered hepatic inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, reduced oxidative stress, decreased F4/80+ hepatic macrophages, and prevented HCC. CCK-AR and CCK-BR expression was increased in both murine and human HCC cell lines compared with that of normal liver, and CCK stimulated the growth of wild-type and CCK-A receptor knockout HCC cells in vitro, but not CCK-BR knockout cells suggesting that the CCK-BR mediates proliferation. Proglumide therapy significantly reduced growth by 70% and 73% in mice bearing Dt81Hepa1–6 or in RIL-75 HCC tumors, respectively. IHC of a human liver tissue array with a selective CCK-BR antibody revealed staining of human HCC and no staining in normal liver.

Prevention Relevance:
This investigation demonstrates the role of the gastrointestinal peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and how CCK-BR blockade reverses the premalignant state of the hepatic extracellular matrix hence, rendering it less susceptible to the development of HCC. Thereby, CCK-BR blockade is a novel approach for the prevention/treatment of HCC.