bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Production of Two Anti-CandidaLipopeptide Homologues Co- Produced by the Wild-TypeBacillus subtilisRLID 12.1 under Optimized Conditions
Authors: Ramchandran Ramya , Ramesh Swetha , A Anviksha , Thakur RamLal , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Roy Utpal 
Published: December 2019

Background::Antifungal cyclic lipopeptides, bioactive metabolites produced by many species of the genus Bacillus, are promising alternatives to synthetic fungicides and antibiotics for the biocontrol of human pathogenic fungi. In a previous study, the co- production of five antifungal lipopeptides homologues (designated as AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4 and AF5) by the producer strain Bacillus subtilis RLID 12.1 using unoptimized medium was reported; though the two homologues AF3 and AF5 differed by 14 Da and in fatty acid chain length were found effective in antifungal action, the production/ yield rate of these two lipopeptides determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography was less in the unoptimized media.Methods::In this study, the production/yield enhancement of the two compounds AF3 and AF5 was specifically targeted. Following the statistical optimization (Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs) of media formulation, temperature and growth conditions, the production of AF3 and AF5 was improved by about 25.8- and 7.4-folds, respectively under static conditions.Results::To boost the production of these two homologous lipopeptides in the optimized media, heat-inactivated Candida albicans cells were used as a supplement resulting in 34- and 14-fold increase of AF3 and AF5, respectively. Four clinical Candida auris isolates had AF3 and AF5 MICs (100 % inhibition) ranging between 4 and 16 μg/ml indicating the lipopeptide’s clinical potential. To determine the in vitro pharmacodynamic potential of AF3 and AF5, time-kill assays were conducted which showed that AF3 (at 4X and 8X concentrations) at 48h exhibited mean log reductions of 2.31 and 3.14 CFU/ml of C. albicans SC 5314, respectively whereas AF5 at 8X concentration showed a mean log reduction of 2.14 CFU/ml.Conclusion::With the increasing threat of multidrug-resistant yeasts and fungi, these antifungal lipopeptides produced by optimized method promise to aid in the development of novel antifungal that targets disease-causing fungi with improved efficacy.
Exploring Iranian Women’s Perceptions and Experiences of Their Spouses’ Behavior towards Male Factor Infertility: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Taghipour Ali , Karimi Fatemeh Zahra , Roudsari Robab Latifnejad 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Infertility, as a life crisis, affects women more than men, even when
women are not infertile.

Objective:
This study was conducted aimed at exploring Iranian women’s perceptions and experiences
of their husbands’ behavior towards male factor infertility.

Methods:
This qualitative study was performed using content analysis. A purposeful sampling
method was employed and continued until data saturation for women who had referred to Milad
Fertility Clinic and Health Care Centers within the time period of 2014-2015 in Mashhad, Iran, with
their husbands being infertile. Thirty semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 18
women. Conventional content analysis was employed to analyze the data. Besides, Lincoln and
Guba's evaluative criteria were utilized to check the trustworthiness of the study.

Results:
Perceived spousal emotional distress was the main topic of the study, which consisted of
two subgroups, i.e., 1- husbands’ chaotic emotions with the sub-categories, including the “feelings
of inferiority and incompetence”, “isolationism in life”, “irritability and arrogance”, “pessimism
and cynicism”, as well as “anxiety and aggression”, and 2- husbands’ reluctance to seek treatment,
including “inattention to medical prescriptions”, “resistance to the sperm analysis test”, and “opposition
to the assisted reproductive technology and adoption”.

Conclusion:
Male infertility can lead to marital problems and mistreatment of women. Hence, supportive
and preventive measures are required to improve the conditions of such women.
Ultrasound-Assisted Ionic Liquid Microextraction for Preconcentration of Cadmium in Water, Vegetables and Hair Samples Prior to FAAS Determination
Authors: Hafez Eman M. , Sheikh Ragaa El , Sayqal Ali A. , AlMasoud Najla , Gouda Ayman A. 
Published: December 2019

Background::
Cadmium (Cd2+) is considered to be one of the most important hazardous
heavy metals due to its toxicity for living organisms at low concentration levels. Therefore, the
estimation of trace Cd2+ in different types of various samples is a very important objective for
chemists using effective methods. In the present work, a novel, green, easy and fast ultrasoundassisted
ionic liquid-dispersive liquid phase microextraction technique (UA-IL-DLPME) was
developed to preconcentrate and determine trace quantities of cadmium (Cd2+) ions from real
samples, prior to detection by FAAS.

Methods:
The proposed technique is based on utilization of ionic liquid (IL) (1-hexyl-3-
methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate [HMIM][FAP]) as an extraction solvent
for Cd2+ ions after complexation with 2-(6-methylbenzothiazolylazo)-6-nitrophenol (MBTANP) at
pH 7.0. The impact of different analytical parameters on the microextraction efficiency was
investigated. The validation of the proposed procedure was verified by the test of two certified
reference materials (TMDA-51.3 fortified water, SRM spinach leaves 1570A) applying the standard
addition method.

Results:
In the range of 2.0-200 μg L−1, the calibration graph was linear. Limit of detection,
preconcentration factor and the relative standard deviation (RSD %, 100 μg L-1, n=5) as precision
was 0.1 μg L-1, 100 and 3.1%, respectively.

Conclusion:
Green UA-IL-DLPME method was developed and applied to preconcentrate and determine
trace quantities of Cd2+ in real water, vegetables and hair samples with satisfactory results.
CO2 Mitigation in the Power Sector of Thailand: Analyses of Cleaner Supply-side Options Beyond the Paris Agreement
Authors: Chhay Lyheang , Limmeechokchai Bundit 
Published: December 2019

Background:
The drastically increasing share of fossil fuel supply to meet the rapidly growing electricity demand resulting in increasing Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, is the major concern in Thailand. In 2015, fossil fuels used in electricity generation in Thailand accounted for around 85.3% of the total electricity generation.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to analyze carbon dioxide mitigation options under the cleaner supply-side option beyond the Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) of Thailand.

Methods:
In this study, the Long-range Energy Planning (LEAP) model is used to analyze the share of electricity generation and CO2 mitigation from four main different scenarios, namely Business-as-Usual (BAU), Renewable Energy (RE), Carbon Capture Storage (CCS), and Carbon Tax (CT) scenarios during 2015 to 2050. The BAU scenario is constructed following the power development targets of the Power Development Plan in 2015.

Results:
The results illustrate that in the BAU scenario, electricity generation and carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector will increase by 57.7% and 37.3%, respectively in 2050 as compared to 2015. The imposition of carbon tax of $20/tCO2 from 2020 and an increase to $500/t CO2 by 2050 will have a high potential to reduce CO2 emissions from the power sector as compared with other scenarios.

Conclusion:
Results show that except for the RE scenarios considering the lower share of solar and biomass, all scenarios would help Thailand in achieving the target of INDC by 2030. Results provide that the share of imported electricity is higher with the imposition of carbon tax as compared to the scenarios with the promotion of renewable energy, CCS and EV technology.
Gendered Marketing of Food Supplements in Lifestyle Magazines in Greece
Authors: Kotsaga Effrosyni 
Published: December 2019

Background:Marketing of food supplements in Greece in print media has not been examined and this study is the first attempt to provide a comparative statistical analysis.Methods:Lifestyle magazines that were distributed all over Greece and aimed at women and men were collected in the years 2014 and 2016. Five criteria with their subcriteria were developed and were related to the branding of the food supplements; their quality characteristics; the information given about health concerns; photographs of people who promoted food supplements and to claims of their suitability.Results:It seems that in terms of product branding, women’s magazines were more likely to be targeted. Some quality characteristics such as information about the ingredients of food supplements or information about banned substances were more likely to be seen in women’s magazines in 2016. In 2014 and 2016, not all advertisements provided information about health concerns and among those which informed readers about health concerns, differentiation in target audiences was observed. Photographs that showed people promoting food supplements as well as claims of suitability for various categories of consumers, seem to be gendered in 2014 but this trend was not strong enough in 2016.Conclusion:It can be argued that the marketing of food supplements was aggressive and gendered in 2014 and changed in 2016 with better information on public health but had retained some gendered stereotypes.
Machine Learning Based Parametric Estimation Approach for Poll Prediction
Authors: Koli Abdul M. , Ahmed Muqeem 
Published: December 2019

Background:
The process of election prediction started long back when common practice
for election predictions were traditional methods like pundits, hereditary factor etc. However,
in recent times new methods and techniques are being used for election forecasting like Data mining,
Data Science, Big data, and numerous machine learning techniques. By using such computational
techniques the whole process of political forecasting is changed and poll predictions are carried
out through them.

Objective:
The main objective of this research work is to propose an election prediction model for
developing areas especially for the state of Jammu and Kashmir (India).

Methods:
The election prediction model is developed in Jupyter notebook web application using
different supervised machine learning techniques. To obtain the optimal results, we perform the hyperparameter
tuning of all the proposed classifiers. For measuring the performance of poll prediction
system we used confusion matrix along with AUROC curve which depicts that this methods
can be well suited for political forecasting. An important contribution of this article is to design a
Prediction system which can be used for making prediction in other fields like cardiovascular disease
predictions, weather forecasting etc.

Results:
This model is tested and trained with real-time dataset of the state Jammu and Kashmir
(India). We applied features selection techniques like Random Forest, Decision Tree Classifier,
Gradient boosting Classifier and Extra Gradient Boosting and obtained eight most important parameters
like (Central Influence, Religion Followers, Party Wave, Party Abbreviations, Sensitive
Areas, Vote Bank, Incumbent Party, and Caste Factor) for poll predictions with their mean weightages.
By applying different classifier to get mean weightage of different parameters for this election
prediction models, it has been observed that Party wave got maximum mean weightage of 0.82% as
compared to others parameters. After obtaining the vital parameters for political forecasting, we applied
various machine learning algorithms like Decision tree, Random forest, K-nearest neighbor
and support vector machine for the early prediction of elections. Experimental results show that
Support Vector Machine outperformed with a higher accuracy of 0.84% in contrast to others classifiers.

Conclusion:
In this paper, a clear overview of election prediction models, their potentials, techniques,
parameters as well as limitations are outlined. We conclude this work by stating that election
predictions can indeed be forecasted with significant parameters however, with caution due to
the limitations which were outlined in developing nations like sensitive areas, social unrest, religion
etc. This research work may be considered as the first attempt to use multiple classifier for forecasting
the Assembly election results of the state Jammu and Kashmir (India).
Optimized Overcurrent Relay Coordination in a Microgrid System
Authors: Swathika Odiyur V.G. , Hemapala Udayanga 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Microgrids are a conglomeration of loads and distributed generators at a
distribution level network. Since this network is no longer a single source fed network, the typical protection
strategies may not be deployed. Reconfiguration is a topology changing feature that is visible in microgrid.
This is also another factor that is to be considered while protecting the microgrid setup.

Objective:
To develop an optimized overcurrent relay coordination scheme for microgrid networks.

Methods:
Inorder to devise suitable overcurrent protection scheme for microgrids, initially the normal
and fault currents are captured for all topologies of the microgrid. For each topology, the optimized
time multiplier settings of overcurrent relays are computed using Dual Simplex Algorithm.
This aids in clearing the fault as fast as possible from the network.

Results:
A 21-bus microgrid system is considered and the optimized overcurrent relay coordination
scheme is realized for the same.

Conclusion:
The proposed optimized overcurrent relay coordination was tested successfully on the
21-bus microgrid system. The proposed protection scheme was capable of identifying the optimized
Time Multiplier Setting values of the overcurrent relays in the path of fault clearance. It is evident
that the proposed scheme can be conveniently extended to larger networks.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SEPAK BOLA MAHASISWA PGSD STKIP St. PAULUS RUTENG MELALUI PENDEKATAN TAKTIK
Authors: Adam Gervasius , Sukoco Pamuji 
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatan hasil belajar mahasiswa tingkat I PGSD STKIP Santu Paulus Ruteng melalui pendekatan taktik bermain. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (Classroom Action Research) yang terdiri atas dua siklus, menggunakan desain Kemmis & MC. Taggart. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan taktik bermain yang di padukan dengan permainan lempar tangkap bola dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dan minat sepak bola mahasiswa kelas IF PGSD STKIP Santu Paulus Ruteng. Berdasarkan data hasil tes pada siklus I rata-rata nilai mahasiswa secara klaksikal megalami peningkatan yaitu terlihat dari pratindakan 30 orang (50,84%) naik menjadi 39 orang (67%) pada siklus I dan pada siklus II menjadi 45 orang (76%) yang tuntas/lulus dengan mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimum yaitu 60. Kata kunci: hasil belajar, sepak bola, pendekatan taktik bermain AN EFFORT TO INCREASE THE STUDENTS’ QUALITY AT PGSD OF STKIP ST. PAUL RUTENG IN PLAYING FOOTBALL THROUGH THE TACTICAL APROACH Abstract This research aims to seek the increasing result of the students’ learning process in the first grade at PGSD (Elementary School Teacher Education) of STKIP St. Paul Ruteng through the tactical games approach. This research is a kind of Classroom Action Research which consists of two cycles by using Kemmis & MC. Taggart’s design. The research result shows that the tactical games approach which is combined with throwing-catching of ball play can increase the learning result and the interest in playing football for the 1F-class students at PGSD of STKIP St. Paul Ruteng. Based on the test result at first cycle, the average score of the students, is increasing classically which is shown by pre-action, namely 30 students (50.84%) becoming 39 students (67%) at first cycle, and then at second cycle it has been 45 students (76%) who have graduated/passed by reaching the minimum score criteria namely 60. Keywords: leaning result, football, the tactical games approach
GERAK MULTILATERAL MELALUI PERMAINAN BOLA BESAR UNTUK ANAK SD KELAS BAWAH
Authors: Wibawa Kadek Ary , Sugiyanto FX. 
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan model pembelajaran gerak multilateral yang dibentuk melalui permainan bola besar, serta dikembangkan menjadi panduan guru olahraga dan pembelajaran dengan konsep permainan. Penelitian ini dikembangkan dengan mengadaptasi penelitian dan pengembangan pendidikan model Gall, Gall, & Borg. Uji coba dengan skala kecil dilakukan terhadap 24 orang siswa di SD Mutiara Singaraja dan 85 orang siswa pada skala besar di SDN 1 dan SDN 3 Singaraja. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah angket skala nilai validasi, pedoman observasi model pembelajaran permainan, dan pedoman observasi keefektifan model pembelajaran permainan. Hasil penelitian berupa pengembangan model pembelajaran gerak multilateral melalui permainan bola besar yang terdiri atas sembilan permainan, yaitu: (1) Berburu Bebek, (2) Bola Pertemanan, (3) Bola Zig-Zag Berlari, (4) Mengambil Mutiara, (5) Bola Berguling, (6) Bola Tembak, (7) Bola Raja, (8) Bola Gawang, dan (9) Bola Tepuk. Pengembangan model pembelajaran gerak multilateral disusun dalam buku pedoman pembelajaran dan CD dengan judul “Bola Multi Gerak”. Kata kunci: model, pembelajaran, gerak multilateral, permainan, bola besar MULTILATERAL TEACHING MOTION MODEL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE BIG BALL GAME FOR LOWER GRADE ELEMENTARY KIDS Abstract This study aims to produce a model of motion teaching multilateral form through big ball game. This study was developed by adapting the research and development of educational models Gall, Gall, & Borg. Small-scale trials were carried out on 24 students from SD Mutiara Singaraja. Big-scale trials were carried out on 85 students from SDN 1 and SDN 3 Singaraja. The instrument used to collect the data was a questionnaire rating scale validation, the model observation teaching game, and the observation model of the effectiveness of teaching games. The results of the study is the development of multilateral exercise motion model through the big ball game that consists of 9 games, namely: (1) Duck Hunting, (2) Friendship Ball, (3) Zig-Zag Running Ball, (4) Taking Pearl, (5) Rolling Ball, (6) Shoot Ball, (7) The King of Ball, (8) Goal Ball, and (9) Pat Ball. Multilateral teaching motion model development was compiled in teaching manuals and a CD with the title "Multi Ball Motion". Keywords: models, teaching, game, big ball
Tanggung Jawab Pribadi dalam Kasus Pungutan Liar yang Dilakukan oleh Pegawai Negeri Sipil
Authors: Harahap Nurmalita Ayuningtyas 
Published: December 2019

This study analyzes about the responsibilities of civil servants (PNS) who does cases of illegal levies. The problem formulation is why do PNS who does illegal levies will be subject to personal responsibility not job responsibilities. This article concludes that violations of norms committed by PNS will incur legal consequences in the form of responsibility to the injured party. The norms that must be obeyed by civil servants in carrying out their duties are the norms of government (bestuursnorm) and norms of behavior (gedrasnorm). Accountability for violations of government norms will later be directed to government positions, with compensation imposed on agencies, with a touchstone using the principles of legality, principles of specialty, and general principles of good governance. While accountability for violations of the norms of behavior will be addressed to the relevant office holders or civil servants, with a touchstone using maladministration. Illegal levies are included in the category of maladministration, therefore in conducting maladministration which is a violation of the norms of behavior will cause legal consequences in the form of personal responsibility.
Abstrak
Artikel ini membahas tentang tanggung jawab pegawai negeri sipil (PNS) yang melakukan kasus pungutan liar. Permasalahan yang dibahas adalah mengapa PNS yang melakukan pungutan liar dikenakan tanggung jawab pribadi dan bukan tanggung jawab jabatan. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa pelanggaran norma yang dilakukan oleh PNS akan menimbulkan konskuensi hukum berupa tanggung jawab kepada pihak yang dirugikan. Adapun norma yang yang harus dipatuhi pegawai negeri sipil dalam melaksanakan tugasnya adalah norma pemerintahan (bestuursnorm) dan norma perilaku (gedrasnorm). Pertanggungjawaban terhadap pelanggaran norma pemerintahan tersebut nantinya akan ditujukan kepada jabatan pemerintahan, dengan ganti rugi dibebankan kepada instansi, dengan batu uji menggunakan asas legalitas, asas spesialitas, dan asas-asas umum pemerintahan yang baik. Sedangkan pertanggungjawaban terhadap pelanggaran norma perilaku akan ditujukan kepada pemangku jabatan atau PNS yang bersangkutan, dengan batu uji menggunakan maladministrasi. Pungutan liar termasuk dalam kategori perbuatan maladministrasi, oleh karena itu dalam melakukan maladministrasi yang merupakan pelanggaran terhadap norma perilaku akan menimbulkan konsekuensi hukum berupa tanggung jawab pribadi.
Impact of Rhizosphereâ€™s Thermal Change on the Development and Production of Hydroponically Grown Cucumber under Controlled Environment
Authors: Al- Rawahy Muthir S. , Al- Rawahy Salem A. , Al-Mulla Yaseen A. , Nadaf Saleem K. 
Published: December 2019

The easier and more economical control of root-zone temperature (RZT) as compared to that of other environmental factors such as air temperature could be an effective solution to temperature stress for the crop plants in hydroponics. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of root-zone temperature on the growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants in recirculating hydroponic system under greenhouse of dimension, 9m x 30m during three cropping periods of the year in Oman viz. summer (June-August), fall (September-November) and spring (February-May) during year 2016/2017 at Directorate General Of Agriculture and Livestock Research of the Ministry of Agriculture & Fisheries located at Rumais Barka of Oman. The plants were grown in perlite medium at root-zone cooled temperatures of 22áµ’C, 25áµ’C, 28áµ’C treatments besides the control i.e. root-zone uncooled temperature of 33áµ’C as control treatment. The treatments were arranged in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. The results indicated that the crop at root-zone temperatures of 22áµ’C and 25áµ’C gave the superior performance in terms of plant height, leaf number, chlorophyll content, leaf area cm2, fruit number/m2, yield in ton per greenhouse (t/gh), fresh and dry weight of shoot and root with significant differences between the treatments in all three periods. Fruit yield varied from 4.5t/gh to 6.4t/gh for root-zone temperature (RZT) and from 4.2 t/gh to 6.8 t/gh for the cropping periods. The higher yields of 6.4 t/gh and 6.4t/gh were found under RZT of 22áµ’C and 25áµ’C, respectively and were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that under control (33áµ’C; 4.5t/gh). In respect of cropping periods, the crop during fall period (February-May) gave higher fruit yield (6.8t/gh) than that during summer period (4.2t/gh). Â Thus the results indicated that cooling of root-zone temperature through nutrient solution is essential during high temperatures of summer (June-August) in Oman.Â