bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Layout for Façade-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Arrays in Constrained Fields
Authors: ur Rehman Naveed 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA method for optimizing the geometrical layout for a façade-mounted solar photovoltaic array is presented. Unlike conventional studies, this work takes into account the finite height of the façade, which is more realistic. The proposed analytical relationships and optimization routine evaluate the best tilt angle and the number of panels such that the whole layout receives the maximum solar radiation, year-round. This is achieved while ensuring that the panels are at a safe minimum distance to avoid mutual shading issues. Validation was performed by simulating the scenarios and comparing the results with manual measurements taken in a three-dimensional drafting program. The method was then used to evaluate designs for facades with a variety of orientations, hypothetically located in Auckland, New Zealand. For this case study, the per-panel and total year-round energy accumulation associated with the number of panels were determined. The results showed that more panels can be integrated into constrained fields by sacrificing the year-round best value of the tilt angle. Therefore, increasing the number of panels may decrease the energy accumulation performance.
Rapid development of interprofessional in situ simulation-based training in
response to the COVID-19 outbreak in a tertiary-level hospital in Ireland: initial
response and lessons for future disaster preparation
Authors: Contreras Maya , Curran Emer , Ross Mark , Moran Peter , Sheehan Ann , Brennan Aoife Marie , Cosgrave David , McElwain Jennifer , Lavelle Claire , Lynch Bonnie 
Published: September 2020

Introduction
The first case of COVID-19 in Ireland was diagnosed on 29 February 2020.
Within the same week, our Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care at
University Hospital Galway began to tackle the educational challenge by
developing an  in situ interprofessional simulation programme to prepare staff
for the impending outbreak.

Principles and approaches used for simulation-based
training
We describe principles applied to identify core educational and system
engineering objectives to prepare healthcare workers (HCWs) for infection
control, personal and psychological safety, technical and crisis resource
management skills. We discuss application of educational theories, rationale
for simulation modes and debriefing techniques.

Development of the simulation programme
3 anaesthesia (general, obstetric, paediatric) and 1 critical care silo
were created. 13 simulated scenarios were developed for teaching as well as for
testing workflows specific to the outbreak. To support HCWs and ensure safety,
management guidelines, cognitive aids and checklists were developed using
simulation. The cumulative number of HCWs trained in simulation was 750 over a
4-week period.

Challenges and future directions
Due to the protracted nature of the pandemic, simulation educators should
address questions related to sustainability, infection control while delivering
simulation, establishment of hybrid programmes and support for psychological
preparedness.
Probing quantum gravity effects with quantum mechanical oscillators
Authors: Bonaldi Michele , Borrielli Antonio , Chowdhury Avishek , Di Giuseppe Gianni , Li Wenlin , Malossi Nicola , Marino Francesco , Morana Bruno , Natali Riccardo , Piergentili Paolo , Prodi Giovanni A. , Sarro Pasqualina M. , Serra Enrico , Vezio Paolo , Vitali David , Marin Francesco 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Phenomenological models aiming to join gravity and quantum mechanics often predict effects that are potentially measurable in refined low-energy experiments. For instance, modified commutation relations between position and momentum, that account for a minimal scale length, yield a dynamics that can be codified in additional Hamiltonian terms. When applied to the paradigmatic case of a mechanical oscillator, such terms, at the lowest order in the deformation parameter, introduce a weak intrinsic nonlinearity and, consequently, deviations from the classical trajectory. This point of view has stimulated several experimental proposals and realizations, leading to meaningful upper limits to the deformation parameter. All such experiments are based on classical mechanical oscillators, i.e., excited from a thermal state. We remark indeed that decoherence, that plays a major role in distinguishing the classical from the quantum behavior of (macroscopic) systems, is not usually included in phenomenological quantum gravity models. However, it would not be surprising if peculiar features that are predicted by considering the joined roles of gravity and quantum physics should manifest themselves just on purely quantum objects. On the basis of this consideration, we propose experiments aiming to observe possible quantum gravity effects on macroscopic mechanical oscillators that are preliminary prepared in a high purity state, and we report on the status of their realization.

Graphical abstract
The fundamental and pioneering role of the Geological Survey in China's social development
Authors: Yan Guangsheng , Lin Liangjun , Ren Shoumai , Situ Yu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The China Geological Survey (CGS) is affiliated to the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, and is responsible for the unified deployment, organization and implementation of basic, public and strategic geological surveying and mineral exploration, providing basic geological data and information for economic and social development, and responding to public demands. Over the past 20 years, the CGS has been focusing on the national key development strategies and undertaking geological surveys to support the nation's resources and energy security, regional economic development, disaster prevention and mitigation, poverty alleviation, and other related undertakings. Specifically, the CGS has been playing a role in the following areas: assessment of mineral resources, energy resources, urban geology and geo-environment, as well as offering update and application of geodata for public and several other services.
Reconstructing the pre-Variscan puzzle of Cambro-Ordovician basement rocks in the southwestern European margin of Gondwana
Authors: Álvaro J. Javier , Casas Josep Maria , Quesada Cecilio 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A Cambro-Ordovician palaeogeographical restoration of the southwestern European margin of Gondwana is proposed based on the relative positions of Variscan tectonostratigraphic units. Four palaeogeographical proximal–distal transects are recognized and comprise: (i) the Cantabrian, West Asturian-Leonese, Central Iberian/Central Armorican and Ossa-Morena/North Armorican zones and domains of the Iberian and Armorican massifs, respectively; (ii) the South Armorican Domain and its lateral prolongation into the Thiviers-Payzac unit and the Occitan Domain, including the transect from the Axial, southern and northern Montagne Noire, and the Albigeois-southern Cévennes unit; (iii) the southern and northern sides of the Canigó Massif in the Eastern Pyrenees; and (iv) the External Zone and the External and Internal nappes of Sardinia. Two geodynamic scenarios are recognized controlled by the presence/absence of: (i) the Furongian–Early Ordovician (Toledanian or ‘lacaune normande’) break-up unconformity across the Ossa-Morena/North Armorican and Central Iberian/Central Armorican belts; (ii) the Early–Late Ordovician (Sardic) Phase across the Occitan and Pyrenean domains and SW Sardinia; and (iii) the migration of peaks in trilobite and cinctan (echinoderm) diversity. Other similar palaeogeographical shifts are recognized in zircon provenance patterns, the occurrence of climatically sensitive subtropical facies and mineral indicators across platform–basinal transects along the Gondwana margin. This multidisciplinary framework is proposed as a preliminary step in the quest to produce more tightly constrained Early Paleozoic reconstructions along southwestern Europe.
Clinical Associations of Vascular Stiffness, Microvascular Dysfunction, and Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease in a Black Cohort: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Cooper Leroy L. , Musani Solomon K. , Moore Josiah A. , Clarke Victoria A. , Yano Yuichiro , Cobbs Keith , Tsao Connie W. , Butler Javed , Hall Michael E. , Hamburg Naomi M. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Mitchell Gary F. , Fox Ervin R. 
Published: September 2020

Background
Measures of vascular dysfunction are related to adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in non‐Hispanic, White populations; however, data from Black individuals are limited. We aimed to investigate the associations between novel hemodynamic measures and prevalent CVD in a sample of Black individuals.

Methods and Results

Among older Black participants of the Jackson Heart Study, we assessed noninvasive vascular hemodynamic measures using arterial tonometry and Doppler ultrasound. We assessed 5 measures of aortic stiffness and wave reflection (carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity, pulse wave velocity ratio, forward pressure wave amplitude, central pulse pressure, and augmentation index), and 2 measures of microvascular function (baseline and hyperemic brachial flow velocity). Using multivariable logistic regression models, we examined the relations between vascular hemodynamic measures and prevalent CVD. In models adjusted for traditional CVD risk factors, higher carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (odds ratio [OR],1.25; 95% CI, 1.01–1.55;
P
=0.04), lower augmentation index (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.70–0.99;
P
=0.05), and lower hyperemic brachial flow velocity (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.65–0.90;
P
=0.001) were associated with higher odds of CVD. After further adjustment for hypertension treatment, lower augmentation index (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.70–0.99;
P
=0.04) and hyperemic brachial flow velocity (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.67–0.94;
P
=0.006), but not carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.99–1.051;
P
=0.06), were associated with higher odds of CVD.

Conclusions
In a sample of older Black individuals, more severe microvascular damage and aortic stiffness were associated with prevalent CVD. Further research on hemodynamic mechanisms that contribute to cardiovascular risk among older Black individuals is merited.
The effect of social odour context on the amount of time male meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, self-groom
Authors: Scauzillo Ryan C. , Ferkin Michael H. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Communicational behaviours by individuals provide information for not only the intended target(s) of the signal but any non-target individual(s) that may be nearby. For terrestrial mammals a major form of communication and social information is through odours via scent marking and self-grooming. Self-grooming is a ubiquitous behaviour in mammals with the function thought to primarily be centred on personal care. But it has been found in rodents that self-grooming will occur in the presence of social odours thus potentially serving a communicative role. For example, male meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) self-groom in the presence of a female conspecific odour but not a male conspecific odour. Most studies examining self-grooming as a form of olfactory communication have used single odour donors but in a natural environment individuals will come across complex social odour situations. Therefore, we examined how male meadow voles respond to complex social odours with regards to their self-grooming behaviour. We tested the hypothesis that self-grooming can act as a form of olfactory communication and that male meadow voles will control this behaviour measured by differences in self-grooming rates based on social contexts. Male meadow voles did not show differences in the amount of time spent self-grooming to social odours that contained a female and varying number of rival males (0, 1, 3, or 5) or if the social odour contained an acquainted or novel male. Male meadow voles did self-groom more to a social odour that contained a female and a younger male compared to when the social odour contained a female and older male. Male meadow voles appear to adjust their self-grooming behaviour based on the context of the social information. This may be a strategy that can maximize that individual’s fitness by adjusting how much information is provided to potential rivals and mates.
Disclosing a Transfer: Art and Religion in the Notebooks of Dominique de Menil
Authors: O’Connor Perks Samuel , Heynickx Rajesh , Symons Stéphane 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The art collector and educator, Dominique de Menil (1908–1997) has mostly been remembered as a pragmatic orchestrator of high-profile commissions in the art world. However, little attention has been paid to her role as a thinker. This article seeks to address that lacuna in the literature by attending to an overlooked source in the Menil archives, de Menil’s notebooks, which were written between 1974 and 1994. By analysing de Menil’s use of metaphor in the notebooks, we place them within the trajectory of de Menil’s intellectual development stemming back to her 1936 article: ‘Pour l’unité du monde chrétien’. The first part situates the metaphors which de Menil employed in the notebooks from the 1970s in the intellectual context of her inception of these figures of speech in Montmartre, Paris in 1936. The second part unpacks a central metaphor which grounds de Menil’s conception of tradition. The third part compares de Menil’s art historiography vis-à-vis other models which sought to reinvigorate the avant-garde art scene via pre-modern sources. The Coda critically assesses de Menil’s art historiography against other prevalent views on the relation between pre-modern and modern works of art.
A Review of Some Electronic Text-Document Handling, Storage and Retrieval Systems
Authors: Deutsch E. S. 
Published: September 2020

This paper investigates some of the currently available optical disk storage and retrieval systems, image manipulation systems and OCR systems. Future developments are presented and an attempt at outlining a longer term trend is made. The main conclusions of the paper are as follows: 1. Optical disk systems which are currently available are costly and are accompanied by excessive software and hardware capabilities which might be beyond the needs of the straightforward document storage and retrieval application. A tailor-made system to suit a specific application might be the route to follow provided read-only and multiple access operations are required and the optical system has a definite overall performance advantage over-microform. 2. In general, the document handling times of both the scanners and the printers of optical systems present a constraint on their continued rapid operation. 3. For general applications it might be advisable to wait for at least a year or two by which time erasable disk media should be available and some degree of disk standardization will have evolved. Costs however could still be a factor at that time. 4. The office-supplies industry is not expecting optical systems to have an appreciable effect on the ‘paperless office’ before 1990. 5. Image manipulation systems currently available are too generalized, slow and require excessive computer storage. Their range of performance is somewhat limited. Should such a system be required, it would be best to develop application-specific software taking advantage of computer configuration.
Information Management: A New Dimension
Authors: Jackson Ivan F. 
Published: September 2020

The DP/MIS function has traditionally been concerned with the acquisition, manipulation and delivery of internally generated data. Typical reporting systems are unable to cope with a mixture of short term control information and broad strategic information, as well as information generated from external sources. The move to a distributed environment has led to a need for the management of information flows, and specifically with the management of integrated data, often directed at the very top levels of management. There has been a recognition of the need for a formal information management programme and in response to this a new type of information professional is emerging - one trained specifically in the management of information as a corporate resource. This person may well have different skills from a systems analyst, possibly more oriented towards improving the efficiency of operational procedures. The information management profession must understand the technology, especially in the communications area, must be able to sell to and educate at various management levels and be able to formulate and implement a plan for increasing the effectiveness of the use of the information resource.
Compromised Vitamin B12 Status of Indian Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Kalyan G Bentu , Mittal Medha , Jain Rahul 
Published: September 2020

Background: Vitamin B12 deficiency is prevalent worldwide especially in vegetarian communities. Its deficiency in early childhood may result in serious neurological and cognitive deficits. It is important to know the prevalence among our infants and toddlers so that nutritional policy changes could be suggested in this regard. Objective: To evaluate the vitamin B12 status of apparently healthy Indian children between 6 and 23 months of age. Methods: Apparently healthy Indian children (n = 210), of age 6 to 23 months, attending pediatric outpatient department were recruited and samples obtained to evaluate their hemogram and levels of vitamin B12, folate, and ferritin. Data were analyzed to obtain the mean levels and the proportion of participants deficient in vitamin B12. The dietary habits of the children were also analyzed and correlated with their vitamin B12 status. Results: Vitamin B12 deficiency was observed in 37.6% of the participants. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in our infants and toddlers, and there is need to initiate supplement to prevent any possible neurological consequences. Early initiation of animal milk had a positive effect on the vitamin B12 status of the child, though it was not significant.
Energy and Nutrient Intake and Associated Factors Among Pastoral Children in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Megersa Bekele , Haile Abebe , Kitron Uriel 
Published: September 2020

Background: A better understanding of nutrient intakes and predicting factors will help in designing more effective programs that address the nutrition requirements of pastoral children. Methods: Dietary diversity score (DDS) and amounts of food items consumed were recorded for 538 children aged 6 to 59 months from August to October 2015. The nutrient contents per 100 grams of foods consumed by children were calculated. Median energy and nutrient intakes of children were calculated and compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended nutrient intakes (RNI). The effects of various factors on the median energy adequacy ratio (EAR) and on nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Children had low DDS (2.7) with diets dominated by dairy and cereal preparations. Thus, only a few children received the minimum DDS (11.7%) and minimum acceptable diet (5%). Most of the children had low intakes of energy, vitamins (C, B, A, folic acid), iron, and zinc. Autonomy of mothers in decision-making, nonpastoral incomes, crop cultivation, and keeping diverse livestock species had positive effects on nutrient intakes. Children living in villages closer to markets and those aged 6 to 23 months had better NAR than others. The median EAR was higher for children aged 6 to 23 months, when households possessing more animal species and engaged in crop cultivation compared to others. Conclusion: Study children had lower DDS than WHO standards and intakes of several micronutrients were inadequate. Variables associated with median EAR and NAR point to those in need of improvement.
Evaluation of the Criteria Adopted to Identify Suspected Cases of COVID-19 in the Emergency Department Service of a Referral Palliative Oncology Care Unit
Authors: Sampaio Simone Garruth dos Santos Machado , Dias Andréa Marins , de Freitas Renata , Borsatto Alessandra Zanei , Esteves Elisa Maffioletti Furtunato Leocádio , de Oliveira Lívia Costa 
Published: September 2020

Context: Due to the need for isolation of inpatients with suspected COVID-19, accuracy in identifying these cases in Emergency Department (ED) has great relevance, especially in Palliative Oncology Care Unit (PCU). Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of clinical criteria adopted to identify suspected cases of COVID-19 by the ED in PCU. Methods: All patients admitted to PCU between April and June 2020 from ED were included. The clinical criteria adopted to identify suspected COVID-19 cases were: being in contact with a suspected or confirmed case less than 14 days ago and / or presenting fever with no defined focus and / or respiratory symptoms not explained by oncological disease and / or suggestive image in radiological examination (if necessary). All suspected cases were submitted to deep nasal and throat swab for SARS COV-2 investigation by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Test, adopted as gold standard. Inpatients hospitalized by ED, without suspicion, and then diagnosed with COVID-19 within 10 days of hospitalization were considered as false-negative cases. Results: During the period, 327 patients were admitted from ED. Of these, 69 (21%) were considered suspects, of whom 34 (49%) tested positive for COVID-19. The sensitivity of the clinical criterion to identify suspected cases was 87%, specificity was 88%, positive predictive value was 49%, negative was 98% and accuracy was 88%. Conclusion: The clinical criteria adopted to identify suspected cases of COVID-19 at ED proved to be efficient, with low risk of spreading in-hospital infection, avoiding unnecessary isolation of patients.
Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the lateral geniculate body of monocular form deprivation amblyopic kittens
Authors: Li Bo , Zou Yunchun , Yin Ximin , Tang Xiuping , Fan Haobo 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The present study compared the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the lateral geniculate body between form deprivation amblyopia kittens and normal kittens to examine the significance of BDNF in the lateral geniculate body in the pathogenesis of amblyopia. Methods: Twenty kittens were divided into control group ( n = 10) and deprivation group ( n = 10). A black opaque eye mask was placed to cover the right eye of the deprivation group. Pattern visual-evoked potentials (PVEPs) were detected weekly in all kittens .After the kittens in the deprivation group developed monocular amblyopia, the lateral geniculate bodies of all kittens were removed. The expression of BDNF in the lateral geniculate body of the two groups was compared by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results: The latency of the P100 wave in the right eye of the deprivation group was longer than that of the left eye and that of the right eye of the control group ( p < 0.05), and the amplitude decreased ( p < 0.05). The number and average optical density of BDNF-positive cells in the deprivation group were lower than those in the control group ( p < 0.05), and the expression of BDNF in the deprivation group was lower than that in the control group ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: The expression of BDNF in the lateral geniculate body of the amblyopic kittens decreased, and the decrease in BDNF promoted the development of amblyopia. These results demonstrate that BDNF in the lateral geniculate body plays an important role in visual development.