bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An improved extraction method enables the comprehensive analysis of lipids, proteins, metabolites and phytohormones from a single sample of leaf tissue under water‐deficit stress
Authors: Salem Mohamed A. , Yoshida Takuya , Perez de Souza Leonardo , Alseekh Saleh , Bajdzienko Krzysztof , Fernie Alisdair R. , Giavalisco Patrick 
Published: May 2020

SummaryPhytohormones play essential roles in the regulation of growth and development in plants. Plant hormone profiling is therefore essential to understand developmental processes and the adaptation of plants to biotic and/or abiotic stresses. Interestingly, commonly used hormone extraction and profiling methods do not adequately resolve other molecular entities, such as polar metabolites, lipids, starch and proteins, which would be required to comprehensively describe the continuing biological processes at a systematic level. In this article we introduce an updated version of a previously published liquid:liquid metabolite extraction protocol, which not only allows for the profiling of primary and secondary metabolites, lipids, starch and proteins, but also enables the quantitative analysis of the major plant hormone classes, including abscisic acid, auxins, cytokinins, jasmonates and salicylates, from a single sample aliquot. The optimization of the method, which uses the introduction of acidified water, enabling the complete purification of major plant hormones into the organic (methyl‐tert‐butyl‐ether) phase, eliminated the need for solid‐phase extraction for sample clean‐up, and therefore reduces both sampling time and cost. As a proof‐of‐concept analysis, Arabidopsis thaliana plants were subjected to water‐deficit stress, which were then profiled for hormonal, metabolic, lipidomic and proteomic changes. Surprisingly, we determined not only previously described molecular changes but also significant changes regarding the breakdown of specific galactolipids, followed by the substantial accumulation of unsaturated fatty‐acid derivatives and diverse jasmonates in the course of adaptation to water‐deficit stress.
Inter‐country distancing, globalisation and the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Zimmermann Klaus F. , Karabulut Gokhan , Bilgin Mehmet Huseyin , Doker Asli Cansin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOriginating in China, the coronavirus has reached the world at different speeds and levels of strength. This paper provides an initial understanding of some driving factors and their consequences. Since transmission requires people, the human factor behind globalisation is essential. Globalisation, a major force behind global well‐being and equality, is highly associated with this factor. The analysis investigates the impact globalisation has on the speed of initial transmission to a country and on the scale of initial infections in the context of other driving factors. Our cross‐country analysis finds that measures of globalisation are positively related to the spread of the virus, both in speed and in scale. However, the study also finds that globalised countries are better equipped to keep fatality rates low. The conclusion is not to reduce globalisation to avoid pandemics, but to better monitor the human factor at the outbreak and mobilise collaboration forces to curtail diseases.
Clinical characteristics and treatment of spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defects (SCCEDs) with diamond burr debridement
Authors: Hung Joyce H. , Leidreiter Kaila , White James S. , Bernays Michael E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo document the characteristics of unilateral, bilateral SCCEDs, and unilateral SCCED with a subsequent SCCED in the contralateral eye that are treated with diamond burr debridement (DBD).ProcedureMedical records of canine SCCEDs who have received DBD between 2010 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Signalment, eye(s) affected, procedures performed, time to detected healing, and complications were statistically analyzed.ResultsTwo hundred and forty‐nine dogs had unilateral SCCEDs (85.0%), 13 dogs (4.4%) had bilateral SCCEDs, and 31 dogs (10.6%) had unilateral SCCED with a subsequent SCCED in the contralateral eye, 26 of which occurred within 24 months following the unilateral SCCED. No significant differences in healing rates after one DBD were found between different presentations of SCCEDs. Boxers are 2.3 times more likely to have subsequent SCCED in their contralateral eye than non‐Boxer breeds. Of the 341 SCCEDs (293 dogs) in the total study population, 252 eyes (73.9%) achieved healing after undergoing one DBD. Fifteen cases were lost to subsequent follow‐up, and 58 eyes (17.0%) required additional intervention after a DBD. Complications occurred in 16 eyes (4.7%) including 13 cases of keratomalacia and three cases of anterior uveitis.ConclusionDiamond burr debridement is a safe and effective treatment for different presentations of SCCEDs. No significant differences in healing rates after one DBD were found between different presentations of SCCEDs. Particularly in Boxers, a new SCCED may develop in the contralateral eye, typically within 24 months following a presentation of unilateral SCCED.
Lipid ratios as a marker for red blood cell storage quality and as a possible explanation for donor gender differences in storage quality
Authors: Melzak Kathryn A. , Muth Marius , Kirschhöfer Frank , Brenner‐Weiss Gerald , Bieback Karen 
Published: May 2020

Background and objectivesRed blood cells that are stored for transfusions as red cell concentrates (RCCs) undergo changes during the storage period, culminating in the lysis of the cells. The goal of this work is to find markers that are linked to high haemolysis, in order to explain the inter‐donor variability that is known to occur in storage quality, and also the known differences between RCCs from male and female donors.Materials and methodsThe relative amounts of lipids at the end of the storage period were compared for one group of low haemolysis samples (24 units, all ≤0·15% haemolysis), and one group of high haemolysis samples (26 units, all ≥0·5% haemolysis). Representative lipids were analysed from different lipid classes, including cholesterol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin and ceramide. Whole membrane preparations were analysed with one mass spectrometry technique, and lipid extracts were analysed with a second mass spectrometry technique.ResultsThe ratio of palmitoyl‐oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC) to sphingomyelin was different for the high and low haemolysis groups (P = 0·0001) and for the RCCs from male and female donors (P = 0·0009). The ratio of cholesterol to phospholipids showed only minimal links to haemolysis. Higher relative amounts of sphingomyelin were associated with lower haemolysis, and higher relative amounts of ceramides were associated with increased haemolysis.ConclusionThe level of sphingomyelinase activity and the resulting ratio of sphingomyelin to POPC is proposed as a possible marker for RCC storage quality.
A Modal Parameter Identification Method Based on Improved Covariance-Driven Stochastic Subspace Identification
Authors: Wang Chen , Hu Minghui , Jiang Zhinong , Zuo Yanfei , Zhu Zhenqiao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
For the quantitative dynamic analysis of aero gas turbines, accurate modal parameters must be identified. However, the complicated structure of thin-walled casings may cause false mode identification and mode absences if conventional methods are used, which makes it more difficult to identify the modal parameters. A modal parameter identification method based on improved covariance-driven stochastic subspace identification (covariance-driven SSI) is proposed. The ability to reduce the number of mode absences and the solving stability are improved by a covariance matrix dimension control method. Meanwhile, the number of false mode identification is reduced via a false mode elimination method. In addition, the real mode complementation and the excitation frequency mode screening can be realized by a multispeed excitation method. The numerical results of a typical rotor model and measured data of an aero gas turbine validated the proposed method.
On the reconciliation of biostratigraphy and strontium isotope stratigraphy of three southern Californian Plio-Pleistocene formations
Authors: Buczek Alexandra J. , Hendy Austin J.W. , Hopkins Melanie J. , Sessa Jocelyn A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe San Diego Formation, Pico Formation, Careaga Sandstone, and Foxen Mudstone of southern California are thought to be late Pliocene to early Pleistocene; however, numerical ages have not been determined. Following assessment of diagenetic alteration via multiple methods including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and minor elemental concentrations, we attempted to use strontium isotope stratigraphy to assign numerical ages. Using aragonitic fossils, we obtained ages of 2.0–1.85 Ma for the Careaga Sandstone and 2.0–1.75 Ma for the uppermost Foxen Mudstone, consistent with biostratigraphic work suggesting a Gelasian age for the Careaga Sandstone. Isotope ratios for aragonitic and calcitic fossils from the Pico Formation were poorly constrained, with the exception of one bed yielding ages of 5.1–4.3 Ma. Isotope ratios from the San Diego Formation were also inconsistent within beds, with the exception of two isolated outcrops that yielded ages of 5.0–4.5 Ma and 4.5–2.8 Ma, respectively. The age estimates for the Pico and San Diego Formations are older than most ages inferred from biostratigraphy. Noting that some aragonitic specimens from the San Diego Formation yielded isotope ratios indicative of ages as old as 19.4 Ma, we propose that some outcrops have been affected by diagenesis caused by groundwater flow through proximal granitic rocks and input from detrital sediment. Although we recommend that strontium isotope results for the Pico and San Diego Formations be interpreted with caution, the ages of the uppermost Foxen Mudstone and Careaga Sandstone can be confidently placed within the early Pleistocene.
Prognosis of unrecognised myocardial infarction determined by electrocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Yu , Li Wensheng , Zhu Hailan , Pan Xiong-Fei , Hu Yunzhao , Arnott Clare , Mai Weiyi , Cai Xiaoyan , Huang Yuli 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prognosis of unrecognised myocardial infarction determined by electrocardiography (UMI-ECG) or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (UMI-CMR).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.Data sourcesElectronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar.Study selectionProspective cohort studies were included if they reported adjusted relative risks, odds ratios, or hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for all cause mortality or cardiovascular outcomes in participants with unrecognised myocardial infarction compared with those without myocardial infarction.Data extraction and synthesisThe primary outcomes were composite major adverse cardiac events, all cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality associated with UMI-ECG and UMI-CMR. The secondary outcomes were the risks of recurrent coronary heart disease or myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Pooled hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were reported. The heterogeneity of outcomes was compared in clinically recognised and unrecognised myocardial infarction.ResultsThe meta-analysis included 30 studies with 253 425 participants and 1 621 920 person years of follow-up. UMI-ECG was associated with increased risks of all cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.30 to 1.73), cardiovascular mortality (2.33, 1.66 to 3.27), and major adverse cardiac events (1.61, 1.38 to 1.89) compared with the absence of myocardial infarction. UMI-CMR was also associated with increased risks of all cause mortality (3.21, 1.43 to 7.23), cardiovascular mortality (10.79, 4.09 to 28.42), and major adverse cardiac events (3.23, 2.10 to 4.95). No major heterogeneity was observed for any primary outcomes between recognised myocardial infarction and UMI-ECG or UMI-CMR. The absolute risk differences were 7.50 (95% confidence interval 4.50 to 10.95) per 1000 person years for all cause mortality, 11.04 (5.48 to 18.84) for cardiovascular mortality, and 27.45 (17.1 to 40.05) for major adverse cardiac events in participants with UMI-ECG compared with those without myocardial infarction. The corresponding data for UMI-CMR were 32.49 (6.32 to 91.58), 37.2 (11.7 to 104.20), and 51.96 (25.63 to 92.04), respectively.ConclusionsUMI-ECG or UMI-CMR is associated with an adverse long term prognosis similar to that of recognised myocardial infarction. Screening for unrecognised myocardial infarction could be useful for risk stratification among patients with a high risk of cardiovascular disease.
Association between tax on sugar sweetened beverages and soft drink consumption in adults in Mexico: open cohort longitudinal analysis of Health Workers Cohort Study
Authors: Sánchez-Romero Luz María , Canto-Osorio Francisco , González-Morales Romina , Colchero M Arantxa , Ng Shu-Wen , Ramírez-Palacios Paula , Salmerón Jorge , Barrientos-Gutiérrez Tonatiuh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Objective
To examine changes in categories of soft drink consumption in a cohort of Mexican adults, three years after the implementation of the sugar sweetened beverage tax.

Design
Open cohort longitudinal analysis.

Setting
Three waves of the Health Workers Cohort Study, Mexico, spanning 2004 to 2018.

Participants
1770 people aged 19 years or older with information on drinks consumption available in at least one of the three cohort waves.

Main outcome measure
Change in probability of belonging to one of four categories of soft drinks consumption (non, low, medium, high) after the tax was implemented. Heterogeneity of associations by income and education was also assessed.

Results
Before the implementation of the tax, more than 50% of the participants were medium and high consumers of soft drinks and less than 10% were in the non-consumer category. After the tax was implemented, 43% of the population was categorised as medium or high consumers and the prevalence of non-consumers increased to 14%. Three years after implementation of the tax on 1 January 2014, the probability of being a non-consumer of soft drinks increased by 4.7 (95% confidence interval 0.3 to 9.1) percentage points and that of being a low consumer increased by 8.3 (0.6 to 16.0) percentage points compared with the pre-tax period. Conversely, the probability of being in the medium and high levels of soft drinks consumption decreased by 6.8 (0.5 to 13.2) percentage points and 6.1 (0.4 to 11.9) percentage points, respectively. No significant heterogeneity of the tax across income levels was observed, but stronger effects of the tax were seen in participants with secondary school education or higher, compared with those with elementary school or less.

Conclusions
The Mexican sugar sweetened beverage tax was associated with a reduction in the probability of consuming soft drinks in this cohort of employees from a healthcare provider. The results cannot be extrapolated to the Mexican population, but they suggest that three years after implementation, the tax had helped to increase the proportion of people who do not consume soft drinks while decreasing the proportion of high and medium consumers.
Impact of short-term reconstructive surgical missions: a systematic review
Authors: Hendriks Thom C.C. , Botman Matthijs , Rahmee Charissa N.S. , Ket Johannes C.F. , Mullender Margriet G. , Gerretsen Barend , Nuwass Emanuel Q. , Marck Klaas W. , Winters Henri A.H. 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionShort-term missions providing patients in low-income countries with reconstructive surgery are often criticised because evidence of their value is lacking. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of short-term reconstructive surgical missions in low-income and middle-income countries.MethodsA systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched five medical databases from inception up to 2 July 2018. Original studies of short-term reconstructive surgical missions were included, which reported data on patient safety measurements, health gains of individual patients and sustainability. Data were combined to generate overall outcomes, including overall complication rates.ResultsOf 1662 identified studies, 41 met full inclusion criteria, which included 48 546 patients. The overall study quality according to Oxford CEBM and GRADE was low. Ten studies reported a minimum of 6 months’ follow-up, showing a follow-up rate of 56.0% and a complication rate of 22.3%. Twelve studies that did not report on duration or follow-up rate reported a complication rate of 1.2%. Fifteen out of 20 studies (75%) that reported on follow-up also reported on sustainable characteristics.ConclusionsEvidence on the patient outcomes of reconstructive surgical missions is scarce and of limited quality. Higher complication rates were reported in studies which explicitly mentioned the duration and rate of follow-up. Studies with a low follow-up quality might be under-reporting complication rates and overestimating the positive impact of missions. This review indicates that missions should develop towards sustainable partnerships. These partnerships should provide quality aftercare, perform outcome research and build the surgical capacity of local healthcare systems.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018099285.
The frequency and clinical presentation of Zika virus coinfections: a systematic review
Authors: Lobkowicz Ludmila , Ramond Anna , Sanchez Clemente Nuria , Ximenes Ricardo Arraes de Alencar , Miranda-Filho Demócrito de Barros , Montarroyos Ulisses Ramos , Martelli Celina Maria Turchi , de Araújo Thalia Velho Barreto , Brickley Elizabeth B 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThere is limited knowledge on the influence of concurrent coinfections on the clinical presentation of Zika virus (ZIKV) disease.MethodsTo better understand the types, frequencies and clinical manifestations of ZIKV coinfections, we did a systematic review of four databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS) without restrictions for studies on ZIKV coinfections confirmed by nucleic acid (quantitative real-time-PCR) testing of ZIKV and coinfecting pathogens. The review aimed to identify cohort, cross-sectional, case series and case report studies that described frequencies and/or clinical signs and symptoms of ZIKV coinfections. Conference abstracts, reviews, commentaries and studies with imprecise pathogen diagnoses and/or no clinical evaluations were excluded.ResultsThe search identified 34 articles from 10 countries, comprising 2 cohort, 10 cross-sectional, 8 case series and 14 case report studies. Coinfections were most frequently reported to have occurred with other arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses); out of the 213 coinfections described, ZIKV infections co-occurred with chikungunya in 115 cases, with dengue in 68 cases and with both viruses in 19 cases. Other coinfecting agents included human immunodeficiency, Epstein-Barr, human herpes and Mayaro viruses,Leptospiraspp,Toxoplasma gondiiandSchistosoma mansoni. ZIKV-coinfected cases primarily presented with mild clinical features, typical of ZIKV monoinfection; however, 9% of cases in cohort and cross-sectional studies were reported to experience complications.ConclusionBased on the evidence collated in this review, coinfections do not appear to strongly influence the clinical manifestations of uncomplicated ZIKV infections. Further research is needed to confirm whether risk of severe complications is altered when ZIKV infection co-occurs with other infections.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018111023.
Hospital postdischarge intervention trialled with family caregivers of older people in Western Australia: potential translation into practice
Authors: Aoun Samar M , Stegmann Roswitha , Slatyer Susan , Hill Keith D , Parsons Richard , Moorin Rachael , Bronson Mary , Walsh Debbie , Toye Christine 
Published: May 2020

There is lack of a suitable assessment tool that can be used routinely and systematically by hospital staff to address family caregivers’ (FCs’) support needs. This paper describes a novel approach to identifying and addressing FCs’ needs following hospital discharge of the older person receiving care.Setting and participantsFC recruitment occurred on the patient’s discharge from a tertiary hospital in Western Australia; 64 completed the study; 80% were female; mean age 63.2 years.InterventionThe Further Enabling Care at Home (FECH) programme was delivered over the telephone by a specially trained nurse and included: support to facilitate understanding of the patient’s discharge letter; caregiver support needs assessment and prioritisation of urgent needs; and collaborative guidance, from the nurse, regarding accessing supports.ResultsSixty-four FCs completed the FECH programme. The top three support needs identified by the FCs were: knowing what to expect in the future (52%), knowing who to contact if they were concerned (52%) and practical help in the home (36%). The telephone-based outreach service worked well and was convenient for the nurse and the FCs, and saved on transport, time and money. Most of the FCs appreciated the systematic approach to identify and articulate their needs and were satisfied with the support they received, mainly navigation through the systems, problem solving, self-care strategies, explanation of illness, symptoms and medication and access to after-hours services.ConclusionsIn order to guide services which may consider adopting this systematic approach to supporting FCs and integrating it into their routine practice, this evaluation of the FECH programme has described the processes implemented and highlighted the factors that hindered or facilitated these processes to engage caregivers with appropriate services in a timely manner. Positive feedback indicated that the programme was a useful addition to hospital discharge planning.Trial registration numberACTRN12614001174673; Results.