bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved BSM sensitivity in diboson processes at linear colliders
Authors: Henning Brian , Lombardo Davide Maria , Riva Francesco 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe study $$W^+W^-$$W+W- and Zh final sstates at future linear $$e^+e^-$$e+e- colliders; designing analyses specific to the various final state polarizations allows us to target specific beyond the Standard Model (BSM) effects, parametrized in the form of dimension-6 operators. We find that CLIC can access effects roughly an order of magnitude smaller than HL-LHC or ILC, and two orders of magnitude smaller than LEP. These results are interpreted in the context of well-motivated BSM scenarios–at weak and strong coupling–where we expect correlated effects in Drell–Yann processes. The latter turn out to have better discovery potential, although the diboson processes provide additional discriminating power, potentially furnishing a way to measure the spin and coupling of BSM states.
K-theory of AF-algebras from braided C*-tensor categories
Authors: Aaserud Andreas Næs , Evans David Emrys 
Published: March 2020

Renault, Wassermann, Handelman and Rossmann (early 1980s) and Evans and Gould (1994) explicitly described the [Formula: see text]-theory of certain unital AF-algebras [Formula: see text] as (quotients of) polynomial rings. In this paper, we show that in each case the multiplication in the polynomial ring (quotient) is induced by a ∗-homomorphism [Formula: see text] arising from a unitary braiding on a C*-tensor category and essentially defined by Erlijman and Wenzl (2007). We also present some new explicit calculations based on the work of Gepner, Fuchs and others. Specifically, we perform computations for the rank two compact Lie groups SU(3), Sp(4) and G2 that are analogous to the Evans–Gould computation for the rank one compact Lie group SU(2). The Verlinde rings are the fusion rings of Wess–Zumino–Witten models in conformal field theory or, equivalently, of certain related C*-tensor categories. Freed, Hopkins and Teleman (early 2000s) realized these rings via twisted equivariant [Formula: see text]-theory. Inspired by this, our long-term goal is to realize these rings in a simpler [Formula: see text]-theoretical manner, avoiding the technicalities of loop group analysis. As a step in this direction, we note that the Verlinde rings can be recovered as above in certain special cases.
Making the Grade: The Sensitivity of Education Program Effectiveness to Input Choices and Outcome Measures
Authors: Kerwin Jason T. , Thornton Rebecca L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the acute sensitivity of education program effectiveness to the choices of inputs and outcome measures, using a randomized evaluation of a mother-tongue literacy program. The program raises reading scores by 0.64 SD and writing scores by 0.45 SD. A reduced-cost version instead yields statistically insignificant reading gains and some large negative effects (−0.33 SDs) on advanced writing. We combine a conceptual model of education production with detailed classroom observations to examine the mechanisms driving the results; we show they could be driven by the program initially lowering productivity before raising it, and potentially by missing complementary inputs in the reduced-cost version.
Informational Shocks and Street-Food Safety: A Field Study in Urban India
Authors: Daniele Gianmarco , Mookerjee Sulagna , Tommasi Denni 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We investigate whether improvements in street-food safety can be achieved by providing information to vendors in the form of a training. Among randomly assigned vendors in Kolkata, India, we find large improvements in knowledge and awareness but little change in observed behavior. We provide two main explanations for these findings. First, information acquisition by itself does not make it significantly easier for vendors to provide customers with safer food options. Second, although consumers have a positive willingness to pay for perceived hygiene, they struggle to distinguish between safe and contaminated food. We recommend policies targeting supply-side constraints and consumers' awareness.
The Effects of Changes in Local Bank Health on Household Consumption
Authors: Cooper Daniel , Peek Joe 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between credit availability and household consumption using a novel approach to separate credit demand and supply. We find that a deterioration in local-bank health reduces household consumption, with the strongest effects occurring for households that are more likely to need credit—especially those experiencing a negative income shock and having limited liquid assets. The main contributions of the study are the use of an arguably exogenous measure of local-bank health and multifaceted indicators of constrained households. Our findings contribute to the discussion of the linkages between the financial sector and real economic activity.
Incentives and Careers in Academia: Theory and Empirical Analysis
Authors: Checchi Daniele , De Fraja Gianni , Verzillo Stefano 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We study career concerns in italian academia. We mold our empirical analysis on the standard model of contests, formalized in the multiunit all-pay auction. The number of posts, the number of applicants, and the relative importance of the criteria for promotion determine academics' effort and output. In Italian universities, incentives operate only through promotion, and all appointment panels are drawn from strictly separated and relatively narrow scientific sectors. Thus, the parameters affecting payoffs can be measured quite precisely, and we take the model to a newly constructed data set that collects the journal publications of all Italian university professors. Our identification strategy is based on a reform introduced in 1999, parts of which affected different academics differently. We find that individual researchers respond to incentives in the manner described by the theoretical model: roughly, more capable researchers respond to increases in the importance of the publications for promotion and in the competitiveness of the scientific sector by exerting more effort; less able researchers are discouraged by competition and do the opposite.
Farmer Field Days and Demonstrator Selection for Increasing Technology Adoption
Authors: Emerick Kyle , Dar Manzoor H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Inadequate learning is an oft-cited friction impeding the adoption of improved agricultural technology in the developing world. We provide experimental evidence that farmer field days, an approach used throughout the world where farmers meet, learn about new technology, and observe its performance, alleviate learning frictions and increase adoption of an improved seed by 40%. Further analysis demonstrates that these field days are both cost-effective and have a greater impact on poorer farmers. In contrast, we find no evidence that selecting the first adopters of new technology in participatory village meetings has any effect on future adoption.
Lowering Standards to Wed? Spouse Quality, Marriage, and Labor Market Responses to the Gender Wage Gap
Authors: Shenhav Na'ama 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This paper examines the effect of the female-to-male wage ratio, “relative wage,” on women's spouse quality, marriage, and labor supply over three decades. Exploiting task-based demand shifts as a shock to relative pay, I find that a higher relative wage (a) increases the quality of women's mates, as measured by higher spousal education; (b) reduces marriage without substitution to cohabitation; and (c) raises women's hours of work. These effects are consistent with a model in which a higher relative wage increases the minimum nonpecuniary benefits (“quality”) women require from a spouse and therefore reduce marriage among low-quality husbands.
The Exploitation of Oceanic Methane Hydrate: Legal Issues and Implications for China
Authors: Chang Yen-Chiang 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
With the growth of global energy demand, States are actively considering the exploration for new energy. Methane hydrate is one of the world’s new energy sources with high energy density and abundant reserves, which have great strategic significance. This article focuses on three aspects, namely, project preparation, risk prevention and accident management, and addresses the risk issues arising from the exploration of methane hydrate. It is important to apply the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and other treaties, as well as customary international law, while examining the rules applicable to the exploration of methane hydrate. State practice such as those of the United States, Russia, Japan, the European Union and China, are also discussed. The article puts forward some suggestions on the development of China’s methane hydrate resources. The core objective is to achieve a balanced approach to the development of environmental protection and energy development.
The Legislative and Institutional Framework for War-affected Land Rights in Iraq: Up to the Task Post-ISIS?
Authors: Unruh Jon D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Land and property rights in Iraq are an important component of recovery, particularly subsequent to the ISIS conflict. The return of 3.3 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) due to the ISIS conflict are encountering claimants who were dislocated from previous wars and expropriations. This results in numerous land conflicts that if not dealt with will contribute to the country’s instability. Of primary importance in this regard is an ongoing discussion in government and the international community which focuses on a central question—are the current laws and institutions in Iraq, made for stable socio-political settings, able to manage the large-scale land and property problems emerging and ongoing in the country? This article considers this question by examining and critiquing the current legislative and institutional framework in Iraq in the context of the historical-to-present trajectories of land rights problems and development of land and property laws and institutions.
Application of CISG in Kuwait
Authors: al-Mukhaizeem Bashayer 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article examines the impact of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) (signed 11 April 1980, entered into force 1 January 1988) on Kuwait as a non-Contracting State. By examining the potential application of CISG to countries around the world, it becomes clear that the applicability of this Convention is inevitable. This article identifies and examines the cases where CISG can be applied, according to its rules, and the process by which CISG, as a foreign law, would be applied in Kuwait. As this article shows, this can be achieved through the autonomy of the parties, Kuwaiti conflict-of-laws rules, or through customary law. This article also examines the cases where CISG cannot be applied in Kuwait and the implications of Kuwaiti’s ratification of CISG.
Industrial Design and Artistic Expression
Authors: Pasa Barbara 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The complex nature of industrial design, which combines functional and aesthetic elements, allows for different modes of protection, with cumulative, separate or partially overlapping regimes applicable according to different legal systems. The legal framework is rapidly changing, especially in Europe where the principle of cumulation of a special sui generis regime for protecting industrial design with copyright rules has been established. Over the last decade, the national courts of some Member States construed the “cumulative regime” with a peculiar meaning, while other courts enforced design rights in line with the interpretation given by the Court of Justice of the European Union. The copyright/design interface is presented here to a wider, non-specialist audience, taking as a starting point the notion of industrial design derived from design studies, on the borderline between art and science. Other challenges which will need to be confronted urgently over the coming years are also raised.
Effects of Cardiovascular Health Factors and Personal Listening Behaviors on Hearing Sensitivity in College-Aged students
Authors: Alessio Helaine , Marron Kathleen Hutchinson , Cramer Ian M. , Hughes Michael , Betz Kendrah , Stephenson Sarah , Wagner Sarah , Loughridge Theresa , Sproat Brittany , Bunger Allison L. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives: This study examined the association between pure tone hearing sensitivity and music listening behaviors among traditional college-aged students and sought to determine factors that mediate hearing sensitivity, including health and fitness levels, gender, and personal listening device (PLD) use. Methods: A convenience sample of college students (N = 182; 133 females, 49 males, mean age = 19.8 ± 1.4 year, average PLD use = 1.52 ± 7.1 hours•day−1) completed hearing assessments, music listening behavior questionnaires, and health and fitness tests. Results: Most students listened to music at safe intensity levels (<80 dBA), though 18% had higher hearing levels (≥25 dB HL at one of the measured frequencies). Longer listening duration behavior approached but did not reach a statistical association with compromised hearing sensitivity. Of all variables measured, including cardiovascular health, fitness, and music listening, two variables: total cholesterol: triglycerides (TC:TG) and total cholesterol: high-density lipoproteins (TC:HDL) significantly associated with hearing sensitivity at 2 kHz. The odds hearing loss occurring at 4 kHz was 59% lower in females compared with males. Conclusion: The majority of college students had healthy music listening behavior and fitness, contributing to normal hearing sensitivity in most. In cases where greater hearing threshold levels at one or more frequencies was detected, TC:HDL and TC:TG were statistically related and at 2 kHz, males were more likely to demonstrate higher listening levels compared with females of similar health and fitness level.
Childhood maltreatment and its mental health consequences among Indian adolescents with a history of child work
Authors: Pandey Rakesh , Gupta Shulka , Upadhyay Aakanksha , Gupta Rajendra Prasad , Shukla Meenakshi , Mishra Ramesh Chandra , Arya Yogesh Kumar , Singh Tushar , Niraula Shanta , Lau Jennifer Yun Fai , Kumari Veena 
Published: March 2020

Objectives: Although the prevalence and mental health consequences of childhood maltreatment among adolescents have been studied widely, there are few data addressing these issues in Asian lower middle–income countries. Here, we assessed the prevalence and types of childhood maltreatment and, for the first time, examined their association with current mental health problems in Indian adolescents with a history of child work. Methods: One hundred and thirty-two adolescents (12–18 years; 114 males, 18 females) with a history of child work were interviewed using the Child Maltreatment, Conventional Crime, and Witnessing and Indirect Victimisation modules of the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. Potential psychiatric diagnoses and current emotional and behavioural problems were assessed using the culturally adapted Hindi versions of the Youth’s Inventory–4R and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, respectively. Results: A large proportion of the sample reported childhood abuse or neglect (83.36%), direct or indirect victimisation (100%) and experienced symptoms of one or more psychiatric disorders (83.33%). Of the most common maltreatment types, physical abuse was present for 72.73% (extra-familial 56.25%, intra-familial 42.71%), emotional abuse for 47.7% (extra-familial 74.6%, intra-familial 12.9%), general neglect for 17.4% and unsafe home for 45.5% of the adolescents. All these maltreatment types were associated with poor mental health, with emotional abuse showing the strongest and wide-ranging impact. Conclusions: Indian adolescents with a history of child work are at an extremely high risk of extra-familial physical and emotional abuse as well as victimisation. They also experience a range of psychiatric symptoms, especially if they suffered emotional abuse. There is an urgent need for routine mental health screening and to consider emotional abuse in all current and future top-down and bottom-up approaches to address childhood maltreatment, as well as in potential interventions to ameliorate its adverse effects on mental health and well-being, of child and adolescent workers.
University stakeholders’ perceptions of the impact and benefits of, and barriers to, human resource information systems in Spanish universities
Authors: Ramírez Yolanda , Tejada Ángel 
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this article is twofold: (1) to examine university stakeholders’ perception of the importance and benefits of, and barriers to, transmitting information on human resources collected in human resource information systems in universities; and (2) to understand stakeholders’ perceptions of the impact of the effective implementation of human resource information systems on university efficiency. To this end, a questionnaire was developed and sent to all members of the social councils of Spanish public universities. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and linear regression analysis were used to answer the research questions. Our main findings revealed a strong emphasis on the need for universities to transmit information about their human resources from the implementation of human resource information systems. Specifically, university stakeholders perceive as very relevant the provision of information about the academic and professional qualifications of the teaching and research staff, the mobility of teachers and researchers, scientific productivity, and teaching capacities and competences. Likewise, findings suggest that increased transparency, quick responses and easy access to information were the main benefits of the implementation of human resource information systems, while the lack of commitment from top management and insufficient financial support were perceived as the greatest barriers to human resource information systems in selected universities. Finally, the results confirm that a well-implemented human resource information system has the potential to enhance human capital efficiency in universities. The findings provide some insights into the performance and applications of human resource information systems in Spanish universities that could help human resource management practitioners to get a better understanding of the current uses, benefits and problems of human resource information systems, which, in turn, will improve their effectiveness in Spanish universities. Points for practitioners A well-implemented human resources information system has the potential to improve the efficiency of human capital management. This study contributes to practical knowledge by helping professionals in charge of human resources management to better understand the benefits of and barriers to implementing human resource information systems in universities, enabling the better future management of human resources in them. Likewise, this article provides managers with a greater understanding of the effects of human resource information systems on efficiency and shows that they represent a key factor in improving university performance.
Update on extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal: a comprehensive review on principles, indications, efficiency, and complications
Authors: Staudinger Thomas 
Published: March 2020

Technology: Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal means the removal of carbon dioxide from the blood across a gas exchange membrane without substantially improving oxygenation. Carbon dioxide removal is possible with substantially less extracorporeal blood flow than needed for oxygenation. Techniques for extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal include (1) pumpless arterio-venous circuits, (2) low-flow venovenous circuits based on the technology of continuous renal replacement therapy, and (3) venovenous circuits based on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation technology. Indications: Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal has been shown to enable more protective ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients, even beyond the so-called “protective” level. Although experimental data suggest a benefit on ventilator induced lung injury, no hard clinical evidence with respect to improved outcome exists. In addition, extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal is a tool to avoid intubation and mechanical ventilation in patients with acute exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease failing non-invasive ventilation. This concept has been shown to be effective in 56-90% of patients. Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal has also been used in ventilated patients with hypercapnic respiratory failure to correct acidosis, unload respiratory muscle burden, and facilitate weaning. In patients suffering from terminal fibrosis awaiting lung transplantation, extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal is able to correct acidosis and enable spontaneous breathing during bridging. Keeping these patients awake, ambulatory, and breathing spontaneously is associated with favorable outcome. Complications: Complications of extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal are mostly associated with vascular access and deranged hemostasis leading to bleeding. Although the spectrum of complications may differ, no technology offers advantages with respect to rate and severity of complications. So called “high-extraction systems” working with higher blood flows and larger membranes may be more effective with respect to clinical goals.
Through the looking-glass: private and public practice psychiatry in the RANZCP
Authors: Looi Jeffrey C L , Atchison Michelle 
Published: March 2020

Objective: To provide reflections on the representation of and engagement with private practice psychiatrists by the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP). Conclusion: We consider some of the reasons for private psychiatrist disengagement with the RANZCP. We suggest approaches to better engage private psychiatrists in the RANZCP, including: involvement in mental health policy, improved committee representation, specific private practice and business training for Fellowship, broader private practice peer support networks (welfare, clinical research, leadership), tailored professional development, branch-based networks of public and private psychiatrists, and collaboration with specialist medical colleges and the Australian Medical Association.