bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Trimester Ultrasound Evaluation of the Cleft Palate: Midsagittal, Axial or Coronal View-Which View is Best?
Authors: Lakshmy Selvaraj Ravi , Rose Nity , Masilamani Praveenkumar , Umapathy Shobana , Ziyaulla Thasleem 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective First trimester evaluation of the palate is now gaining importance and the “maxillary gap sign” described in the midsagittal view and the retronasal triangle serves as a potential marker for detection of cleft palate (CP). The objective is to describe an ultrasound technique for evaluation of the palate in the axial view and to assess the utility of this view in assessing palatine clefts.
Materials and methods The anatomical landmarks in sagittal, coronal and in axial view were evaluated in 17 cases of palatine clefts with known postnatal outcomes. Along with the midsagittal and coronal view, the alveolar ridge of the maxilla and the echogenic secondary palate was examined in the transverse view of the base of the skull at the level of the pharynx.
Results Visualisation of the bony landmarks of the palate in all three planes was possible in all cases. Of the 17 cases, there were 7 unilateral Cleft Lips Palate (CLP), 5 bilateral CLP, 2 median CLP, 2 isolated CP and 1 atypical cleft. 2 cases of bilateral CLP showed no demonstrable maxillary gap in the midsagittal view (the vomer can often mimic the maxillary line). 2 cases showed a normal retronasal triangle (RNT) when the cleft was confined to the premaxilla alone. However, the axial view showed abnormal appearance in all 17 cases.
Conclusion A combination of all three planes can be used as an effective screening tool but the axial view has more potential for detection of CP in first trimester. However, large scale prospective studies are needed to confirm this observation.
Cluster modeling of the short-range correlation of acoustically emitted scattering signals
Authors: Xue Dongjie , Lu Lele , Zhou Jie , Lu Lan , Liu Yintong 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAs a widely used measurement technique in rock mechanics, spatial correlation modeling of acoustic emission (AE) scattering signals is attracting increasing focus for describing mechanical behavior quantitatively. Unlike the statistical description of the spatial distribution of randomly generated AE signals, spatial correlation modeling is based mainly on short-range correlation considering the interrelationship of adjacent signals. As a new idea from percolation models, the covering strategy is used to build the most representative cube cluster, which corresponds to the critical scale at peak stress. Its modeling process of critical cube cluster depends strongly on the full connection of the main fracture network, and the corresponding cube for coverage is termed the critical cube. The criticality pertains to not only the transition of local-to-whole connection of the fracture network but also the increasing-to-decreasing transition of the deviatoric stress with an obvious stress drop in the brittle failure of granite. Determining a reasonable critical cube guarantees the best observation scale for investigating the failure process. Besides, the topological connection induces the geometric criticality of three descriptors, namely anisotropy, pore fraction, and specific surface area, which are evaluated separately and effectively. The results show that cluster modeling based on the critical cube is effective and has criticality in both topology and geometry, as well as the triaxial behavior. Furthermore, the critical cube length presents a high confidence probability of being correlated to the mineral particle size. Besides, its pore fraction of cube cluster is influenced strongly by the critical cube length and confining pressure.
Detecting multi-timescale consumption patterns from receipt data: a non-negative tensor factorization approach
Authors: Matsui Akira , Kobayashi Teruyoshi , Moriwaki Daisuke , Ferrara Emilio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderstanding consumer behavior is an important task, not only for developing marketing strategies but also for the management of economic policies. Detecting consumption patterns, however, is a high-dimensional problem in which various factors that would affect consumers’ behavior need to be considered, such as consumers’ demographics, circadian rhythm, seasonal cycles, etc. Here, we develop a method to extract multi-timescale expenditure patterns of consumers from a large dataset of scanned receipts. We use a non-negative tensor factorization (NTF) to detect intra- and inter-week consumption patterns at one time. The proposed method allows us to characterize consumers based on their consumption patterns that are correlated over different timescales.
Effects of prophylactic atropine in prevention of spinal anesthesia induced hypotension and bradycardia in geriatrics undergoing urological surgeries at a resource limited setting in central Ethiopia, 2018; prospective cohort study
Authors: Gelaw Moges , Haddis Lidya , Abrar Meron , Aregawi Adugna , Melese Eyayalem 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
Spinal anesthesia induced hypotension and bradycardia are common and hazardous in elderly patients. Many techniques are being tried to prevent and treat these problems even if there is a controversy. The effects of prophylactic atropine on prevention of spinal anesthesia induced hypotension and bradycardia in geriatrics for urologic surgeries are not well-established.

Objective:
To assess the effects of prophylactic atropine in prevention of spinal anesthesia induced hypotension and bradycardia in geriatrics undergoing urological surgeries at a resource limited setting in Central Ethiopia from December 1, 2017 to February 28, 2018 G C.

Methods:
This is a prospective cohort study that recruits 76 patients who underwent elective urological surgeries. Independent t-test and Manny Whitney tests were used for numeric data while Chi-Square or Fisher exact test was used for categorical variables. P-values < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.

Results:
There was no significant difference in baseline heart rate, mean arterial pressure, type & duration of surgery and total fluid administrations. There was a statistically significant difference in mean heart rate and mean arterial pressure at different times of measurement between the exposed and un-exposed groups. Total 1 h vasopressor consumption was minimal in the exposed group (P = 0.038).

Conclusion:
Prophylactic atropine with in 1 min of induction of spinal anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing urological surgery might reduce the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia.

Highlights:
A new species of the gopherGregorymys(Rodentia, Geomyidae) from the early Oligocene (Arikareean 1) of southern Mexico
Authors: Ortiz-Caballero Elizabeth , Jiménez-Hidalgo Eduardo , Bravo-Cuevas Victor M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA new species of gopher,Gregorymys mixtecorumn. sp., is described from the Arikareean 1 (early Oligocene) of Oaxaca, southern Mexico. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that it is the sister species ofG.veloxikua, which was also recently described from southern Mexico. Both species were collected from sediments of the Chilapa Formation that crop out in northwestern Oaxaca.Gregorymys mixtecorumn. sp. andG.veloxikuashow differences in size and proportions that possibly reduced competition for resources, exploiting different microhabitats. Both Mexican species represent the oldest and the most southern records ofGregorymysin North America. The Mexican record ofGregorymyssuggests that at least some entoptychine rodents diversified in southern Mexico or Central America, and that Geomyidae has had a wide geographic distribution in North America since the early Oligocene.UUID:http://zoobank.org/0f4ad549-2f59-442b-87fa-5c9be0573ea4
Low(er) frequency follow-up of 28 candidate, large-scale synchrotron sources
Authors: Hodgson Torrance , Johnston-Hollitt Melanie , McKinley Benjamin , Vernstrom Tessa , Vacca Valentina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe follow up on a report by Vacca et al. (2018) of 28 candidate large-scale diffuse synchrotron sources in an 8°× 8°area of the sky (centred at RA 5h0m0s; Dec 5°48ʹ00ʹʹ). These sources were originally observed at 1.4 GHz using a combination of the single-dish Sardinia Radio Telescope and archival NRAO VLA Sky Survey data. They are in an area with nine massive galaxy clusters at$z \approx 0.1$and are candidates for the first detection of filaments of the synchrotron cosmic web. We attempt to verify these candidate sources with lower frequency observations at 154 MHz with the Murchison Widefield Array and at 887 MHz with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). We use a novel technique to calculate the surface brightness sensitivity of these instruments to show that our lower frequency observations, and in particular those by ASKAP, are ideally suited to detect large-scale, extended synchrotron emission. Nonetheless, we are forced to conclude that none of these sources are likely to be synchrotron in origin or associated with the cosmic web.
1H NMR metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal urinary metabolites as biomarker candidates in response to protein undernutrition in adult rats
Authors: Komatsu Yosuke , Wada Yasuaki , Izumi Hirohisa , Shimizu Takashi , Takeda Yasuhiro , Aizawa Tomoyasu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProtein undernutrition contributes to the development of various diseases in broad generations. Urinary metabolites may serve as non-invasive biomarkers of protein undernutrition; however, this requires further investigation. We aimed to identify novel urinary metabolites as biomarker candidates responsive to protein undernutrition. Adult rats were fed control (CT; 14 % casein) or isoenergetic low-protein (LP; 5 % casein) diets for 4 weeks.1H NMR metabolomics was applied to urine, plasma and liver samples to identify metabolites responsive to protein undernutrition. Liver samples were subjected to mRNA microarray and quantitative PCR analyses to elucidate the mechanisms causing fluctuations in identified metabolites. Urinary taurine levels were significantly lower in the LP group than in the CT group at week 1 and remained constant until week 4. Hepatic taurine level and gene expression level of cysteine dioxygenase type 1 were also significantly lower in the LP group than in the CT group. Urinary trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels were significantly higher in the LP group than in the CT group at week 2 and remained constant until week 4. Hepatic TMAO level and gene expression levels of flavin-containing mono-oxygenase 1 and 5 were also significantly higher in the LP group than in the CT group. In conclusion, urinary taurine and TMAO levels substantially responded to protein undernutrition. Furthermore, changes in hepatic levels of these metabolites and gene expressions associated with their metabolic pathways were also reflected in their fluctuating urinary levels. Thus, taurine and TMAO could act as non-invasive urinary biomarker candidates to detect protein undernutrition.
Nutritional status of micronutrients as a possible and modifiable risk factor for COVID-19: a UK perspective
Authors: Richardson David P. , Lovegrove Julie A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent scientific evidence has indicated that the elderly have increased risk of COVID-19 infections, with over 70s and 80s being hardest hit – especially residents of care homes and in clinical settings, ethnic minorities, people who work indoors and those who are overweight and obese. Other potential risk factors include lack of exposure to sunlight, darker skin pigmentation, co-morbidities, poor diet, certain medications, disadvantaged social and economic status, and lifestyle factors such as smoking and excessive consumption of alcohol. A key question is to understand how and why certain groups of people are more susceptible to COVID-19, whether they have weakened immune systems and what the roles of good nutrition and specific micronutrients are in supporting immune functions. A varied and balanced diet with an abundance of fruits and vegetables and the essential nutrients like vitamin D, vitamin A, B vitamins (folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12), vitamin C and the minerals, Fe, Cu, Se and Zn are all known to contribute to the normal functions of the immune system. Avoidance of deficiencies and identification of suboptimal intakes of these micronutrients in targeted groups of patients and in distinct and highly sensitive populations could help to strengthen the resilience of people to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to highlight evidence-based public health messages, to prevent false and misleading claims about the benefits of foods and food supplements and to communicate clearly that the extent of knowledge between micronutrients and COVID-19 infection is still being explored and that no diet will prevent or cure COVID-19 infection. Frequent handwashing and social distancing will be critical to reduce transmission.
Artificial Haemonchus contortus infection as a strategy to induce protective immune response to natural infection in Pelibuey lambs
Authors: Cruz-Tamayo A. , González-Garduño R. , Torres-Hernández G. , Becerril-Pérez C. , Hernández-Mendo O. , Ramírez-Bribiesca E. , López-Arellano M.E. , Vargas-Magaña J. , Hernández-Rueda E. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the reduction in nematode faecal egg count (FEC) in Pelibuey lambs segregated as resistant (RES), susceptible (SUS) and intermediate (INT) to gastrointestinal nematodes. Twenty-nine weaned Pelibuey lambs, aged five months old, free of nematode infection, were used. Nine lambs were RES, six were SUS and 14 were INT lambs. The study consisted of two phases: in Phase 1 the lambs were infected experimentally with Haemonchus contortus. In Phase 2, the lambs were naturally infected by grazing. Faecal and blood samples were taken every week. The packed cell volume and total protein were quantified. The FEC value (FECmax) per lamb was recorded together with a natural reduction in FEC in the two phases. The data were analysed with a model of measures repeated over time. During Phase 1, the RES lambs showed the lowest FEC (1061 ± 1053) compared to the other groups (INT: 2385 ± 1794 eggs per gram of faeces (EPG); and SUS: 3958 ± 3037 EPG). However, in Phase 2 no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between the groups of lambs (RES: 275 ± 498 EPG; SUS: 504 ± 1036 EPG; and INT: 603 ± 1061 EPG). At the end of Phase 1, the FEC of RES lambs was naturally reduced by 75.5% in respect to FECmax (p < 0.05), and at the end of Phase 2 the reduction in FEC was 90% in respect to FECmax (p > 0.05); the same behaviour was observed in RES and SUS lambs. It is concluded that the artificial infection in the lambs induced a more rapid immune response in RES than SUS lambs, and all lambs developed high acquired resistance by continuous infection.
Sociolinguistic patterns and names: A variationist study of changes in personal names among Indian South Africans
Authors: Mesthrie Rajend 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThis article unlocks the complex indexicalities pertaining to names in a multilayered diasporic field, one in which descendants from different ancestral areas of a former homeland (India) have merged loosely into a new community (in South Africa). The focus falls on large-scale innovations in officially registered personal names over a period of 150 years. A mixture of qualitative and quantitative analysis of over 2,300 names shows the influence of social variables like religion, class, and subethnic affiliations via different ancestral languages. These result in different choices in retaining traditional names, modernising them, or adopting Western ones. There is also evidence of asymmetric accommodations as names flow from one subgroup to another, but not vice versa. A novel pattern in Indo-Dravidian studies is presented, that harnesses rhyme (or consonant mutation) and ablaut (or vowel mutation) to generate new names, carrying the indexicalities ‘Indian South African’, but also ‘modern’ and ‘globally oriented’. (Socio-onomastics, name changes, Indian South Africans, Indian languages, Islam, Hinduism, Christianity, asymmetric accommodations)*
Music as a coevolved system for social bonding
Authors: Savage Patrick E. , Loui Psyche , Tarr Bronwyn , Schachner Adena , Glowacki Luke , Mithen Steven , Fitch W. Tecumseh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWhy do humans make music? Theories of the evolution of musicality have focused mainly on the value of music for specific adaptive contexts such as mate selection, parental care, coalition signaling, and group cohesion. Synthesizing and extending previous proposals, we argue that social bonding is an overarching function that unifies all of these theories, and that musicality enabled social bonding at larger scales than grooming and other bonding mechanisms available in ancestral primate societies. We combine cross-disciplinary evidence from archeology, anthropology, biology, musicology, psychology, and neuroscience into a unified framework that accounts for the biological and cultural evolution of music. We argue that the evolution of musicality involves gene–culture coevolution, through which proto-musical behaviors that initially arose and spread as cultural inventions had feedback effects on biological evolution because of their impact on social bonding. We emphasize the deep links between production, perception, prediction, and social reward arising from repetition, synchronization, and harmonization of rhythms and pitches, and summarize empirical evidence for these links at the levels of brain networks, physiological mechanisms, and behaviors across cultures and across species. Finally, we address potential criticisms and make testable predictions for future research, including neurobiological bases of musicality and relationships between human music, language, animal song, and other domains. The music and social bonding hypothesis provides the most comprehensive theory to date of the biological and cultural evolution of music.
Frequency and level of self-efficacy predict the effectiveness of therapist- and self-guided exposure in obsessive compulsive disorder
Authors: Voderholzer Ulrich , Hilbert Sven , Fischer Anne , Neumüller Jakob , Schwartz Caroline , Hessler-Kaufmann Johannes Baltasar 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackground:While exposure and response prevention (ERP) is the most effective treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), less is known about the specific mechanisms underlying symptom change after ERP.Aims:We tested the hypothesis that the frequency of self- and therapist-guided ERP related to the extent of symptom reduction and that this link is mediated by increased self-efficacy.Method:In a sample of 377 in-patients with a primary diagnosis of OCD receiving in-patient CBT, we assessed symptoms (YBOCS-SR) and self-efficacy (General Self-Efficacy Scale), before and after treatment, as well as the frequency of therapist- and self-guided ERP sessions.Results:Patients with more therapist-guided ERP sessions during treatment showed more symptom reduction and the association of self-guided ERP on outcome was mediated by enhanced self-efficacy.Conclusions:These findings highlight the importance of both therapist- and self-guided ERP sessions and suggest that therapists should conduct a sufficient number of ERP sessions to optimise treatment.
Rate of gestational weight gain trajectory is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Yong Heng Yaw , Mohd Shariff Zalilah , Appannah Geeta , Rejali Zulida , Mohd Yusof Barakatun Nisak , Bindels Jacques , Tee Yvonne Yee Siang , van der Beek Eline M 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:To examine the gestational weight gain (GWG) trajectory and its possible association with pregnancy outcomes.Design:GWG trajectories were identified using the latent class growth model. Binary logistic regression was performed to examine the associations between adverse pregnancy outcomes and these trajectories.Setting:Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.Participants:Two thousand one hundred ninety-three pregnant women.Results:Three GWG trajectories were identified: ‘Group 1 – slow initial GWG but followed by drastic GWG’, ‘Group 2 – maintaining rate of GWG at 0·58 kg/week’ and ‘Group 3 – maintaining rate of GWG at 0·38 kg/week’. Group 1 had higher risk of postpartum weight retention (PWR) (adjusted OR (AOR) 1·02, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·04), caesarean delivery (AOR 1·03, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·04) and having low birth weight (AOR 1·04, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·05) compared with group 3. Group 2 was at higher risk of PWR (AOR 1·18, 95 % CI 1·16, 1·21), preterm delivery (AOR 1·03, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·05) and caesarean delivery (AOR 1·02, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·03), but at lower risk of having small-for-gestational-age infants (AOR 0·97, 95 % CI 0·96, 0·99) compared with group 3. The significant associations between group 1 and PWR were observed among non-overweight/obese women; between group 1 and caesarean delivery among overweight/obese women; group 2 with preterm delivery and caesarean delivery were only found among overweight/obese women.Conclusions:Higher GWG as well as increasing GWG trajectories was associated with higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Promoting GWG within the recommended range should be emphasised in antenatal care to prevent the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Reliability and validity of Arabic version of revised general nutrition knowledge questionnaire on university students
Authors: Bataineh Mo’ath F , Attlee Amita 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:The current study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the revised general nutrition knowledge questionnaire (GNKQ-R) for adults.Design:The eighty-eight-item English GNKQ-R was adapted into an eighty-six-item Arabic version. Four validation studies were conducted for internal (n 805) and external (n 106) reliability, construct validity between participants with (n 84) and without (n 88) nutrition background, convergent validity for associations between nutrition knowledge and demographic characteristics (n 750) and responsiveness to online nutrition information (n 55).Setting:United Arab Emirates University in United Arab Emirates and Hashemite University in Jordan.Participants:Undergraduate students aged 18 years and above, enrolled in any programme at the two universities, were recruited.Results:Overall, internal reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0·91) and external reliability (P = 0·350; intra-class correlation coefficient = 0·84) were high. Significantly higher GNKQ-R scores of students with (66·0 (10·6)) v. without (38·0 (10·7), P < 0·001; d = 2·6) nutrition background indicated high construct validity. Significantly higher GNKQ-R scores among females v. males, older and senior students v. younger and junior students and students in health discipline v. non-health discipline reflected good convergent validity. Significant differences in GNKQ-R scores with nutrition information (time 1 = 37·8 (10·5) and time 2 = 47·7 (9·1), P < 0·001; d = 1·0) indicated high responsiveness to nutrition intervention.Conclusions:The Arabic GNKQ-R showed high reliability and validity in the young adult Arab population. Besides the reliability of the overall questionnaire, each section demonstrated adequate reliability. Further studies are warranted to establish the generalisability and applicability of the Arabic GNKQ-R in older adults and in different middle-eastern Arab countries.