bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Foam Anode and Hydrogel Electrolyte for High‐Performance and Stable Flexible Zinc–Air Battery
Authors: Qu Shengxiang , Liu Bin , Fan Xiayue , Liu Xiaorui , Liu Jie , Ding Jia , Han Xiaopeng , Deng Yida , Hu Wenbin , Zhong Cheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe development of flexible zinc–air battery (ZAB) is highly desirable in achieving superior and stable electrochemical/mechanical properties. Herein, we developed a Zn‐coated foam anode with three‐dimensional (3D) architecture, obtained by electroplating Zn on Cu foam substrate. The compact outer surface and sufficient amount of metallic Zn could be controlled accurately by selecting appropriate porous substrate and electroplating time on Cu foam. Moreover, adding tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) to conventional polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–KOH hydrogel electrolyte effectively improved the water retention of the semi‐solid electrolyte with stable ionic conductivity. The electrolyte precursor fluid was poured on the uneven outer surface of Zn‐coated foam anode and then frozen crosslinked to increase contact between the 3D anode and the electrolyte. A flexible semi‐solid‐state ZAB based on the 3D Zn‐coated foam anode and the hydrogel electrolyte was assembled and exhibited good discharge performance, high energy density (586.5 Wh kgZn−1) and long cycling life. Benefiting from the flexibility of all components, the resultant ZAB performed stable charge and discharge under bending conditions, indicating its promising potential application for flexible and portable energy storage devices.
Cyclocondensation of 2‐Hydroxyimino‐1‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl)butane‐1,3‐dione with Alkyl Hydrazines Leading to Substituted 4‐Nitrosopyrazoles
Authors: Bobrov Pavel S. , Kirik Sergei D. , Krasnov Pavel O. , Lyubyashkin Aleksey V. , Suboch Georgiy A. , Tovbis Mikhail S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCyclocondensation of 2‐(hydroxyimino)‐1‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl)butane‐1,3‐dione with alkyl hydrazines leading to new 1‐alkyl‐3(5)‐methyl‐5(3)‐(naphthalene‐1‐yl)‐4‐nitrosopyrazoles is described. 8 previously unknown N‐alkyl‐4‐nitrosopyrazoles with a 1‐naphthalene substituent at the 3 or 5 position of the pyrazole ring were obtained as a result. It was found that yields of naphthyl‐substituted pyrazoles with N‐alkyl groups near the naphthalene substituent were significantly lower than for 3‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl)‐substituted pyrazoles. Particular yields of pairwise formed isomeric nitrosopyrazoles were associated with the different electrophilicity of the two carbonyl groups of the initial diketone. Using quantum chemical calculations by the DFT method B3LYP−D3/6‐311G(d,p), the potential energies of the various conformers were estimated to draw a conclusion about the preferred attack of alkyl hydrazine on the carbonyl group, associated with the naphthalene ring. 1H NMR and 2D 1H‐13C HSQC spectra of the compounds confirmed this direction of the reaction. The crystal structures of the synthesized compounds were established by X‐ray powder diffraction technique. Crystal structure data were in agreement with quantum chemical calculations.
Strategic behavior by market intermediaries
Authors: Olson Daniel M. , Waguespack David M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractResearch summaryWe explore how information intermediaries preserve relationships with firms they cover and differentiate from competitors while also maintaining legitimacy with their audiences. We find that intermediaries evaluating movies and video games delay disclosing more negative reviews of heavily marketed products so that they do not coincide with the major product marketing push. We also find that media organizations artificially differentiate themselves from their competitors. We demonstrate that critics are more deviant when they can observe another's opinion and that differentiation increases when they tend to evaluate the same types of products. Our interpretation is that information intermediaries do not simply provide objective reviews, but instead appear strategic in balancing pressures from product “suppliers” and competitors as they compete for the attention of their audiences.Managerial summaryWe argue that film and video game reviews by professional media outlets reflect two types of strategic behavior. First, intermediaries evaluating movies and video games delay disclosing more negative reviews of heavily marketed products. Second, critics artificially deviate their review scores from those of close competitors. We conclude that information intermediaries do not simply provide objective reviews, but instead appear strategic in balancing pressures from product “suppliers” and competitors as they compete for the attention of their audiences.
Effects of Water and Different Solutes on Carbon‐Nanotube Low‐Voltage Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Foudeh Amir M. , Pfattner Raphael , Lu Shiheng , Kubzdela Nicola S. , Gao Theodore Z. , Lei Ting , Bao Zhenan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSemiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (swCNTs) are a promising class of materials for emerging applications. In particular, they are demonstrated to possess excellent biosensing capabilities, and are poised to address existing challenges in sensor reliability, sensitivity, and selectivity. This work focuses on swCNT field‐effect transistors (FETs) employing rubbery double‐layer capacitive dielectric poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene). These devices exhibit small device‐to‐device variation as well as high current output at low voltages (<0.5 V), making them compatible with most physiological liquids. Using this platform, the swCNT devices are directly exposed to aqueous solutions containing different solutes to characterize their effects on FET current–voltage (FET I–V) characteristics. Clear deviation from ideal characteristics is observed when swCNTs are directly contacted by water. Such changes are attributed to strong interactions between water molecules and sp2‐hybridized carbon structures. Selective response to Hg2+ is discussed along with reversible pH effect using two distinct device geometries. Additionally, the influence of aqueous ammonium/ammonia in direct contact with the swCNTs is investigated. Understanding the FET I–V characteristics of low‐voltage swCNT FETs may provide insights for future development of stable, reliable, and selective biosensor systems.
Hook Avoidance Induced by Private and Social Learning in Common Carp
Authors: Lovén Wallerius Magnus , Johnsson Jörgen I. , Cooke Steven J. , Arlinghaus Robert 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt is essential for fish to respond appropriately when faced with a threatening situation. Accordingly, fish are able to reduce predation risk through learning. In addition to privately learned experiences, fish can acquire social information about a threat by observing the response of conspecifics and use such public information to adapt future behavior through learning. It is unclear if social learning can also influence the behavioral response of fish when faced with human‐induced threats in the form of angling. Using an experimental approach in the laboratory, we examined the influence of private (i.e., direct experience of hooking) and social information on angling vulnerability in Common Carp Cyprinus carpio—a species regularly exposed to catch‐and‐release angling. Compared with control groups, individuals with direct or social experience of catch‐and‐release angling expressed significantly elevated hook avoidance behavior during a short‐term vulnerability assessment hours after a catch‐and‐release experience. In the medium‐term vulnerability assessment, conducted within days after the threat event, fish with direct hooking experience continued to exhibit decreased angling vulnerability, whereas the social experience of catch and release did not consistently reduce angling vulnerability compared with controls. Yet, in a subsequent trial within days after the threat exposure, we found that fish with direct hooking experience and fish with only social hooking experience were both more cautious towards bait (corn) in the presence of a sham rig (i.e., a hookless rig with bait) than when only exposed to bait without a rig. Collectively, these results indicated that the combined influence of direct and social experience of catch‐and‐release angling induced a hook avoidance behavior in Common Carp. The extent to which the phenomenon of social hook avoidance learning exists in other recreationally targeted fish species and in the wild deserves further attention because of the potential to affect catch rates and population‐level catchability.
Voluntary Conservation, Not Regulation, Will Be Key to Monarch Butterfly Recovery
Authors: Mawdsley Jonathan R. , Simmons Tim , Rubinoff Daniel 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTDespite obvious challenges and evidence of recent decline at certain overwintering sites, the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) remains widespread and ubiquitous throughout much of its recorded range within the United States, and adults still migrate in the tens of millions to overwintering sites in México. We share scientific as well as practical concerns with the initiative to list the monarch butterfly under the 1973 Endangered Species Act (as amended) of the United States. We note the existence of large‐scale strategic conservation commitments for this species that are being implemented at state, regional, and international levels, and argue that these strategies should be pursued before invoking the formal regulatory protections of the federal Endangered Species Act. We also note a persistent confusion regarding the units of conservation for migratory monarch butterflies: although multiple migratory populations are often posited based on differences in overwintering sites, multiple lines of evidence indicate that North American migratory monarch butterflies form a single, panmictic population. On a practical level, we note the difficulties inherent in applying provisions of the Endangered Species Act such as restrictions on “take” and the designation of “critical habitat” to a species that remains widespread and ubiquitous across much of North America and many other parts of the world. We encourage the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to decline to list the monarch butterfly under the Endangered Species Act at this time. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Consumption of Wild‐Harvested Meat in Society
Authors: Goguen Amber D. , Riley Shawn J. 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTWild‐harvested meat, defined as meat obtained through legal hunting of free‐ranging wildlife, has been part of the food system for most of human existence. Nonetheless, description and measurement of current roles wild‐harvested meat plays in nonsubsistence communities is lacking. To better understand this system and inform policy choices, we sought to identify characteristics of consumers, their consumption patterns, and how wild‐harvested meat is distributed through society including opportunities and barriers to consumption. As part of a longstanding quarterly telephone survey with standardized protocol aimed at providing statistically robust representations of the Michigan, USA, population, we asked questions about wild‐harvested meat. We estimate a majority of the current Michigan population (75% [95% CI = 71–78%]) and nonhunter population (59% [95% CI = 54–65%]) have consumed wild‐harvested meat at least once in their life. Never having had an opportunity (22% [95% CI = 15–30%]), diet or lifestyle (16% [95% CI = 10–24%]), and taste or smell (14% [95% CI = 9–20%]) were the 3 reasons most frequently reported by nonhunters for never consuming wild‐harvested meat. Thirty‐three wildlife species were reported consumed, of which venison was the most common (96% [95% CI = 94–98%]). Among the general population, frequency of consumption during the 12 months prior to our survey was as follows: 28% (95% CI = 25–32%) never had previously consumed venison; 23% (95% CI = 20–26%) reported having consumed it, but not in the 12 months prior to the survey; 20% (95% CI = 17–23%) had consumed it once or twice in the 12 months prior to the survey; 15% (95% CI = 12–18%) had consumed it 3–10 times in the 12 months prior to the survey; and 14% (95% CI = 12–17%) had consumed it >10 times in the 12 months prior to the survey. Hunters’ social networks played a key role in distribution of wild‐harvested meat. Hunting experience, social network, and race were the only influential predictors of wild‐harvested meat consumption. Hunting experience, social network, and level of urbanization of residence were the only influential predictors of frequency of venison consumption. Results identified pathways for movement of wild‐harvested meat in human food systems and could inform policy that addresses wild‐harvested meat. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
Introduction
Authors: Rennwald Line 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Against the backdrop of renewed attention to the working-class vote in both the scientific community and the political sphere, the ambition of this book is to provide a careful examination of the relationship between social democracy and its working-class electorate. The introduction first presents the context and the goals of the study. It then explains the conditions required for a detailed and precise analysis of the class basis of social democracy and outlines the approach used throughout the book. It also reminds the reader of the origins of social democracy and the broad transformation and crisis in this party family. It finally presents the choice of the six social democratic/labour/socialist parties at the centre of this research.
A Reflection on Classes; a Reflection on Parties
Authors: Rennwald Line 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter proposes a reflection on classes, on parties and on the relationship between the two. In order to analyse the class basis of social democracy, the first step is to take sociology seriously. The challenge is to define social class and work with a class schema that captures important divisions in the labour market. The second step is to take politics seriously. Social class becomes a useful category for political analysis when one includes the crucial role of political actors in class mobilisation. The third step involves taking history seriously in order to precisely draw the contours of a working-class party. The challenge is to avoid the serious pitfalls of over-estimating or under-estimating the working-class character of social democracy. After having taken these three steps, the chapter concludes with a description of the Oesch class schema used in this book.
The Class Basis of Social Democracy at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Rennwald Line 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter is dedicated to an empirical analysis of the class basis of social democracy at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The analyses presented rely on data from the European Social Survey 2010–2015. They show a strong tendency of social democratic parties towards becoming cross-class parties, mobilising no specific social class in particular. Despite the widespread assumption, only a minority of social democratic parties have become new class parties strongly mobilising specific segments of the salaried middle classes. The chapter also demonstrates that the working-class vote has become much more fragmented. In this group, social democracy now competes with radical left parties, populist radical right parties and abstention.
Renewing Social Democracy by Re-mobilising the Working Class?
Authors: Rennwald Line 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This chapter concludes by summarising the main results of the book. It closes with a discussion on the renewal of social democracy and reviews current proposals and experiences. With this aim, it evaluates the role of the working class in social democracy’s future electoral strategies. It discusses the risks for social democracy in abandoning the workers’ vote and examines some factors that would facilitate the electoral mobilisation of workers in the future. Based on current debates on the future of social democracy, it then reviews possible ideological reorientations of social democracy and evaluates their chances of success among its (potential) supporters.
Incremental Learning Robot Task Representation and Identification
Authors: Zhou Xuefeng , Wu Hongmin , Rojas Juan , Xu Zhihao , Li Shuai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, we present a novel method for incremental learning robot complex task representation, identifying repeated skills, and generalizing to new environment by heuristically segmenting the unstructured demonstrations into movement primitives that modelled with a dynamical system. The proposed method combines the advantages of recent task representation methods for learning from demonstration in into an integrated framework. In particular, we use the combination of finite state machine and dynamical movement primitives for complex task representation, and investigate the Bayesian nonparametric hidden Markov model for repeated skill identification. To this end, a robot should be able to identify its actions not only when failure or novelty occurs, but also as it executes any number of skills, which helps a robot understand what it is doing at all times. Two complex, multi-step robot tasks are designed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of proposed methods. We not only present the results in task representation, but also analyzing the performance of skill identification by various nonparametric models with various modality combinations.
Nonparametric Bayesian Method for Robot Anomaly Monitoring
Authors: Zhou Xuefeng , Wu Hongmin , Rojas Juan , Xu Zhihao , Li Shuai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, we introduce an anomaly monitoring pipeline using the Bayesian nonparametric hidden Markov models after the task representation and skill identification in previous chapter, which divided into three categories according to different thresholds definition, including (i) log-likelihood-based threshold, (ii) threshold based on the gradient of log-likelihood, and (iii) computing the threshold by mapping latent state to log-likelihood. Those method are effectively implement the anomaly monitoring during robot manipulation task. We also evaluate and analyse the performance and results for each method, respectively.
Nonparametric Bayesian Method for Robot Anomaly Diagnose
Authors: Zhou Xuefeng , Wu Hongmin , Rojas Juan , Xu Zhihao , Li Shuai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, we introduce two novel anomaly diagnose methods using the Bayesian nonparametric hidden Markov models when anomaly triggered, including i)multi-class classifier based on nonparametric models, ii) sparse representation by statistical feature extraction for anomaly diagnose. Additionally, the detail procedure for anomaly sample definition, the supervised learning dataset collection as well as the data augmentation of insufficient samples are also declared. We evaluated the proposed methods with a multi-step human-robot collaboration objects kitting task on Baxter robot, the performance and results are presented of each method respectively.
Learning Policy for Robot Anomaly Recovery Based on Robot Introspection
Authors: Zhou Xuefeng , Wu Hongmin , Rojas Juan , Xu Zhihao , Li Shuai 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, the anomaly recovery would be acted when both of the anomaly monitoring and diagnoses are analysed, which aim to respond the external disturbances from the environmental changes or human intervention in the increasingly human-robot scenarios. To effectively evaluate the exploration, we summarize the anomalies in a robot system include only two catalogues: accidental anomalies and persistent anomalies. In particular, we first diagnose the anomaly as accidental one at the beginning such that the reverse execution is called. If and only if robot reverse many times (not less than twice) and still couldn’t avoid or eliminate the anomaly, the human interaction is called. Our proposed system would synchronously record the multimodal sensory signals during the process of human-assisted demonstration. That is, a new movement primitive is learned once an exploring demonstration acquired. Then, we heuristically generate a set of synthetic demonstrations for augmenting the learning by appending a multivariate Gaussian noise distribution with mean equal to zeros and covariance equal to ones. Such that the corresponding introspective capabilities are learned and updated when another human demonstration is acquired. Consequently, incrementally learning the introspective movement primitives with few human corrective demonstrations when an unseen anomaly occurs. It is essential that, although there are only two different exploring strategies when anomaly occurs, numerous exploring behaviors can be generated according to different anomaly types and movement behaviors under various circumstances.
Positivity constraints on interacting pseudo-linear spin-2 fields
Authors: Alberte Lasma , de Rham Claudia , Momeni Arshia , Rumbutis Justinas , Tolley Andrew J. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We explore the effective field theory for single and multiple interacting pseudo-linear spin-2 fields. By applying forward limit positivity bounds, we show that among the parameters contributing to elastic tree level scattering amplitude, there is no region of compatibility of the leading interactions with a standard local UV completion. Our result generalizes to any number of interacting pseudo-linear spin-2 fields. These results have significant implications for the organization of the effective field theory expansion for pseudo-linear fields.
Second-order post-Minkowskian scattering in arbitrary dimensions
Authors: Cristofoli Andrea , Damgaard Poul H. , Di Vecchia Paolo , Heissenberg Carlo 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We extract the long-range gravitational potential between two scalar particles with arbitrary masses from the two-to-two elastic scattering amplitude at 2nd Post-Minkowskian order in arbitrary dimensions. In contrast to the four-dimensional case, in higher dimensions the classical potential receives contributions from box topologies. Moreover, the kinematical relation between momentum and position on the classical trajectory contains a new term which is quadratic in the tree-level amplitude. A precise interplay between this new relation and the formula for the scattering angle ensures that the latter is still linear in the classical part of the scattering amplitude, to this order, matching an earlier calculation in the eikonal approach. We point out that both the eikonal exponentiation and the reality of the potential to 2nd post-Minkowskian order can be seen as a consequence of unitarity. We finally present closed-form expressions for the scattering angle given by leading-order gravitational potentials for dimensions ranging from four to ten.
Critical collapse in K-essence models
Authors: Gannouji Radouane , Baez Yolbeiker Rodríguez 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We study gravitational collapse in K-essence model with shift symmetry. For these models, we have the formation of two types of horizons, event and sonic. For the particular case K (X ) = X + βX2 we found three different regimes. In the weak field regime the scalar field disperses to infinity, in the very strong regime both horizons form at the same time and finally for the intermediate regime, the sonic horizon could form first or both horizons form at the same time. The threshold of formation of the horizon is found in the regime where the sonic horizon forms first. We observe a universal behavior with a scaling parameter γ ≃ 0.51. Interestingly this universal behavior is encoded in the sonic horizon even if an event horizon is expected to never form because of loss of hyperbolicity of the equations.