bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
liver X receptors inhibit pulmonary inflammation and airway remodeling induced by ozone exposure in mice
Authors: Yu Fenfang , Zheng Lin , Wang Li , Yang Xiaobing , Ma Zhifei , Tang Yu , Li Nan , Wang Youran , Gu Wei , Shi Ying 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Ozone (O3) exposure can lead to airway inflammation, hyperreactivity and airway remodeling. Liver X receptors (LXRs) play an important role in attenuating inflammation. The therapeutic effects of LXRs on ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation and airway remodeling were examined. C57/BL6 mice were exposed to ozone for 1 or 6 weeks. LXR agonist T0901317 was administered to mice at one hour before ozone exposure. As expected, ozone-exposed mice developed lung inflammation with augmented neutrophil, macrophage, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and G-CSF in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum. The increase in MMP-9 and α-SMA expression, and collagen deposition around airway reflected the airway remodeling in ozone-exposed mice. Compared with ozone-exposed mice, LXR agonist T0901317 inhibited the ozone-induced inflammation after 1 and 6 weeks in the ozone exposure model. In addition, the treatment with the LXR agonist prevented alveolar enlargement and reduced airway remodeling in 6-week ozone-induced mice. Therefore, LXRs may repress pulmonary inflammation and attenuate the progression of airway remodeling.
Systematic evaluation of CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots toxicity on the reproduction and offspring health in male BALB/c mice
Authors: Li Li , Lin Xiaotan , Chen Tingting , Liu Kan , Yang Zhiwen , Chen Yajing , Liu Dongmeng , Xu Gaixia , Wang Xiaomei , Lin Guimiao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Increased applications of quantum dots (QDs) in biomedical field have aroused attention for their potential toxicological effects. Although many studies have been carried out on the toxicity of QDs, their effects on reproductive and development are still unclear. In this study, we systematically evaluated the male reproductive toxicity and developmental toxicity of CdSe/ZnS QDs in BALB/c mice.Results: The male mice were injected intravenously with CdSe/ZnS QDs at the dosage of 2.5 mg/kg BW or 25 mg/kg BW, respectively, and the survival status, biodistribution of QDs in testes, serum sex hormone levels, histopathology, sperm motility and acrosome integrity was measured on Day 1, 7, 14, 28 and 42 after injection. On Day 35 after treatment, male mice were housed with non-exposed female mice, and then offspring number, body weight, organ index and histopathology of major organs, blood routine and biochemical tests of offspring were measured to evaluate the fertility and offspring health. The results showed that CdSe/ZnS QDs could rapidly distribute in the testis, and the fluorescence of QDs could still be detected on Day 42 post-injection. QDs had no adverse effect on the structure of testis and epididymis, but high-dose QDs could induce apoptosis of Leydig cells in testis at an early stage. No significant differences in survival of state, body weight organ index of testis and epididymis, sex hormones levels, sperm quality, sperm acrosome integrity and fertility of male mice were observed in QDs exposed groups. However, the development of offspring was obviously influenced, which was mainly manifested in the slow growth of offspring, changes of organ index of main organs, and the abnormality of liver and kidney function parameters.Conclusion: Our findings revealed that CdSe/ZnS QDs were able to cross the blood-testis barrier (BTB), produce no discernible toxic effects on the male reproductive system, but could affect the healthy growth of future generations to some extent. In view of the broad application prospect of QDs in biomedical fields, our findings might provide insight into the biological safety evaluation of the reproductive health of QDs.
Everything Counts -- A Method To Determine Viral Suppression Among People Living With Hiv Using Longitudinal Data For The Hiv Care Continuum. - Results Of Two Large, German, Multi-Center Real-Life Cohort Studies Over 20 Years (1999-2018)
Authors: Schmidt Daniel , Kollan Christian , Stoll Matthias , Hamouda Osamah , Bremer Viviane , Kurth Tobias , Bartmeyer Barbara 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to develop a standardized method to reconstruct persons' individual VL courses to determine viral suppression and duration of viremia for the HIV care continuum in Germany using data longitudinal cohort data.
Methods
We analyzed data from two large, multi-center German cohort studies under the direction of the Robert Koch Institute. We included data from 1998 to 2018 of all diagnosed people and of people who initiated antiretroviral treatment (ART). We developed a model generating virtual VL points and an individual VL course corresponding to real VL measurements with a maximum distance of 180 days, considering ART status and VL dynamics. If the distance between VL measurements was > 180 days, the time between was defined as gap-time. Additionally, we considered blips, which we defined as a single detectable VL < 1,000 copies/ml within 180 days.
Results
A total of 22,120 people (164,691 person-years, PY) after ART initiation were included in the analyses. The proportion of people with viral suppression (VL < 50 copies/ml) increased from 34% in 1999 to 93% in 2018. The proportion of people with VL < 200 copies/ml increased from 47% in 1999 to 96% in 2018. The proportion of people with viremia > 1,000 copies/ml decreased from 37% in 1999 to 3% in 2018. The proportion of people with gap-time fluctuated and ranged between 18% and 28%. An analysis of the first VL after gap-time showed that 90% showed viral suppression, 5% VL between 50-<1,000 copies/ml and 5% VL > 1,000 copies/ml.
Conclusion
We provide a method for estimating viral suppression and duration of viremia using longitudinal VL data. We observed a continuous and remarkable increase of viral suppression. Furthermore, a notable proportion of those with viremia showed low-level viremia and were therefore unlikely to transmit HIV. Individual health risks and HIV drug resistance among those with low-level viremia are problematic, and viral suppression remains the goal. In 2018, 93% and 96% of people after ART initiation showed VL < 50 copies/ml and VL < 200 copies/ml, respectively. Therefore, using the threshold of VL < 200 copies/ml, Germany reached the UNAIDS 95 target of viral suppression since 2017.
Spatial Distribution and Determinant Factors of Intimate Partner Violence Among Reproductive age Group Women in Ethiopia; Generalized Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Tusa Biruk Shalmeno , Kebede Sewnet Adem , Weldesenbet Adisu Birhanu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is the most serious and pervasive yet under recognized human rights violation in the world as well as in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to find the spatial distribution of IPV and its determinant factors in Ethiopia. Methods: Secondary data analysis was conducted among 2,687 reproductive age group women (15–49 years). The distribution of IPV across the country was observed by ArcGIS software. In SaTScan software, the Bernoulli model was fitted by Kulldorff methods to identify the purely spatial clusters of IPV. Generalized Structural Equation Model (GSEM) was used to determine factors associated with each domain of IPV (physical, emotional & sexual violence).Result: The spatial distribution of IPV was found to be clustered in Ethiopia with Global Moran’s I 0.09 (p < 0.001) and the highest IPV cluster was observed in Oromia (p < 0.001), Somali (p < 0.001) and Southern Nation and Nationality and Peoples (SNNP) (p < 0.001) regions . Watching television and not having attitudes toward wife beating were negatively associated with physical violence. Being richest and nonsmoker were inversely associated with emotional violence. The odds of experiencing sexual violence were increased among pregnant and wife of uneducated husband/partner. Women’s decision-making autonomy and husband/partner drinking alcohol have positive and negative association with all domains of IPV respectively. Conclusions: There was a significant clustering of IPV in Ethiopia and the highest IPV cluster was observed in Oromia, Somali and SNNP regions. Being richest, watching television, not having attitudes toward wife beating, women’s decision autonomy and husband’s/partner’s high education and non-alcohol drinker status were negatively associated with IPV. The likelihood of experiencing IPV was also increased among smoker and pregnant women. We recommend that improving the economic status of the household and power of women's decision autonomy, increasing community awareness about the consequences of IPV with particular emphasis in Oromia, Somali and SNNP regions.
Clinical Outcome of Meningitis and Its Risk Factors Among Children Admitted in Debre Markos Referral Hospital Pediatric Ward, Northwest Ethiopia,2019
Authors: Abiy Hailemariam , Shiferaw Zelalem , Tafere Yilkal 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background:Meningitis remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in patients in many countries of the world including Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess clinical outcomes and associated risk factors of meningitis among children who were admitted to Debre Markos Referral Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018.A backward stepwise multivariable logistic regression was applied with 95% confidence interval of odds ratio (OR) andstatistical significance less than 0.05 p-value were taken as cut off value.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. The study includesAll pediatric meningitis 211 cases from the age of one month to fourteen who were admitted due to meningitis in Debre Markos Referral Hospitalfrom January 2017 to December 2018.Data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS for Windows, version 20.Results:The study showed that 18.9% of children with meningitis developed bad outcomes. In this study, children who were a worse clinical condition at admission 6 times more likely to develop bad outcomes [AOR= 6.321(2.121, 18.837)] and having a seizure at admission almost 19 times more likely to develop bad outcomes [AOR=18.953(6.677, 53.799)]. Conclusions:About one in five children with meningitis developed bad outcomes. The health care team should due attention to improving care for patients with severe conditions at admission and seizures were the alarming signs for poor outcomes in children.
Somatic Development in Children With Shwachman-diamond Syndrome
Authors: Bogusz-Wójcik Agnieszka , Kołodziejczyk Honorata , Klaudel-Dreszler Maja , Oracz Grzegorz , Pawłowska Joanna , Szalecki Mieczysław 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is a rare genetic, multi-systemic diseasecharacterised by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, immune deficiency, bone marrow failure and skeletal abnormalities.Most patients present with failure in somatic development and short stature, but systematic data concerning those features are limited. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of failure in somatic development in the children with SDS.Methods: An analysis of anthropometric measurements of 21 patients (14 girls and 7 boys),eaged 2 to 17 years (mean age 6.3 years) with SDS diagnosed in The Children’s Memorial Health Institute in Warsaw, Polandwas performed.The patients were measured using a Holtain Limited stadiometer, an electronic scale, a Harpenden anthropometer, a metric tape and a spreading caliper. The assessed anthropometric parameters were expressed as standard deviation scores in relation to the reference values in Poland, suitable for sex as well as calendar and growth age.Results: A total of66measurements was collected and analysed with a median number of 3 observations per patient.The group of boyspresented with a significantly lower height (-3.0 SD, p<0.0001) and BMI (-1.4 SD, p<0.00001), and in the relation to the growth age a lower weight ( -1.0 SD, p<0.001) as well as a smaller chest width (-0.9 SD, p<0.05), hip width (-0,5 SD, p<0,05) and lower limb length (-0,5 SD, p<0,05). The group of girls also showed significantly lower height (-2.6 SD, p<0.00001) and BMI (-0.8 SD, p<0.00001), and in relation to the growth age, lower weight (-0.5 SD, p<0.001) as well as decreased width of the chest (-1.7 SD, p<0.0001) and shoulder (‑1.0 SD, p<0.001) were observed. Boys and girls were alsocharacterised by significantly decreased circumference and width of head, additionally, girls had also smaller head length.Conclusions: Patients with SDS have abnormal somatic development. Both boys and girls are characterised by short stature, decreased weight, BMI, leg length, chest width as well as circumference and width of head. Anthropometric measurements provide important data on the process of growth and body proportions in children with SDS.
Formulation of traditional Chinese medicine and its application on intestinal flora of constipated rats
Authors: Huang Minghan , Li Sihan , He Youcheng , Zhang Haiou , Xu Ruoying , Liu Qihong , Tang Shuihua , Ke Xiao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study, the self-extracted constipation treatment of traditional Chinese medicine extracts was applied to constipated rats. To explore the mechanism and role of the Chinese medicine for the treatment of constipation, the 16S rRNA sequencing and qRT-PCR technology were used to analyze the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora in rats. We found that the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the intestinal flora of rats with constipation was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the Bacteroides was significantly lower than that in the control group, while the relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly changed after taking a certain dose of Chinese medicine, and reduced the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae, and greatly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, enhanced the symbiotic relationships of Lactobacillus with other intestinal flora. There was no significant difference in the total copies of intestinal bacteria between the constipated rats and the control group. The total copies of intestinal bacteria in the constipated rats decreased after taking the traditional Chinese medicine. Finally, this study results provides a theoretical basis for the treatment and understand the mechanism and effect of traditional Chinese medicine on rate constipation.
A Genetic Predictive Model for Precision Treatment of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma with Early Progression
Authors: Ma Jialin , Yan Zheng , Zhang Jiuyang , Zhou Wenping , Yao Zhihua , Wang Haiying , Chu Junfeng , Yao Shuna , Zhao Shuang , Zhang Peipei , Xu Yuanlin , Xia Qingxin , Ma Jie , Wei Bing , Yang Shujun , Liu Kangdong , Guo Yongjun , liu yanyan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Early progression after standard immunochemotherapyleads to a very dismal outcome and necessitates alternative treatmentforpatients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This study aimed todevelop a genetic predictive model for early progression and evaluate its potentialin advancing alternative treatment.Methods:Thirty-two hotspot driver genes were examined in 145 DLBCL patients and 5DLBCL cell linesusing next-generation sequencing. The association of clinical features, cell-of-origin, double expression, positive p53 protein, and gene alterations with early progression was analyzed, and the genetic predictive model was developed based on the related independent variables and assessed by the area under receiver operating characteristic.The potential of novel treatment based on the modeling was investigated ininvitro DLBCL cell lines and invivo xenograft mouse models.Results:The frequency of CD79B(42.86% vs 9.38%, p = 0.000)and PIM1 mutations (38.78% vs 17.71%, p = 0.005) showed asignificant increase in patients with early progression. CD79B and PIM1 mutations were associated with complex genetic events,double expression, non-GCB subtype, advance stageand unfavorable prognosis. Apowerful genetic predictive model (AUROC=0.771, 95% CI: 0.689-0.853)incorporatinglactate dehydrogenase levels(OR = 2.990, p = 0.018), CD79B mutations (OR = 5.970, p = 0.001), and PIM1 mutations (OR = 3.021, p=0.026)was created andverified in the other cohort. This modeling outperformed the prediction accuracy of conventional International Prognostic Index, and new molecular subtypes of MCD and Cluster 5. CD79B and PIM1 mutations indicateda better response to inhibitorsof BTK (ibrutinib) and pan-PIM kinase(AZD 1208) through repressingactivated oncogenic signaling. Since the two inhibitorsfailed to decrease BCL2level,BCL2 inhibitor (venetoclax) was added and demonstrated to enhancetheirapoptosis-inducing activityin mutant cells with double expression.Conclusions: Thegenetic predictive model provides a robust tool to identify early progression and determine precision treatment.These findings warrant the development of optimal alternative treatment in clinical trials.
The Social versus Food Preference Test: A behavioral paradigm for studying competing motivated behaviors in rodents
Authors: Reppucci Christina , Veenema Alexa H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Behavior is influenced by a combination of factors, with the expression of the appropriate behavior dependent on an individual’s current motivational state and the presence of stimuli in their surrounding environment. Thus far, most laboratory studies have focused on uncovering the peripheral and central systems that regulate the expression of a single behavior or the expression of a suite of behaviors associated with a single motivational state. In natural settings, however, an individual can be simultaneously experiencing multiple motivational states with multiple choices of how to act. Yet, the direct assessment of the roles of peripheral and central systems in coordinating motivated behavioral choice is largely understudied. This may be due to a lack of behavioral tests that are suitable for such investigations. Here, we describe a recently developed behavioral paradigm, hereafter called the Social versus Food Preference Test. This behavioral paradigm was validated in both rats and mice and is highly flexible, which will allow addressing of a wide range of research questions concerning the peripheral and central systems that coordinate the choice to seek social interaction versus the choice to seek food.
Galuteolin suppresses proliferation and inflammation in TNF-α-induced RA-FLS cells by activating HMOX1 to regulate IKKβ/NF-κB pathway
Authors: GUAN Yin , ZHAO Xiaoqian , LIU Weiwei , Wang Yue 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objective: Galuteolin (Galu) is a substance extracted and purified from honeysuckle. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of Galu on the TNF-α-induced RA-FLS cells (synoviocytes) and reveal its potential molecular mechanism from the perspectives of anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation.Methods: After TNF-α stimulation, cell proliferation of RA-FLS was assessed by CCK-8 assay. TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis. Western Blot was used to detect the expressions of Iκκβ, p-p65, p65, p-IκB, IκB, Cleaved-caspase3, Caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax. HO-1 were determined by RT-PCR. The contents of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-1 were determined by ELISA.Results: Galu significantly suppressed cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, Galu obviously promote cell apoptosis rate of RA-FLS cells and elevated the expression levels of HO-1, caspase-3 and Bax, while reduced the expression level of Bcl-2. Furthermore, Galu apparently inhibited the levels of Iκκβ, p-p65 and p-IκB. Moreover, Galu also significantly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-1 in RA-FLS cells. Conclusion: Galuteolin exerts protective effects against TNF-α-induced RA-FLS cells by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation, which can guide the clinical use of rheumatoid arthritis.
A new method for functional analysis of plastid EMBRYO-DEFECTIVEPPR genes by efficiently constructing cosuppression lines in Arabidopsis
Authors: Chen Jingli , Huang Jirong , Huang Weihua 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Pentatricopeptide-repeat proteins (PPRs) characterized by tandem arrays of a degenerate 35-amino-acid repeat (PPR motif) can bind a single strand RNA and regulate organell gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, including RNA cleavage, splicing, editing and stability etc. PPRs are conserved in all eukaryotes and extremely expanded in higher plants. Many knockout mutants of PPR genes are embryonic lethal. These genes are named EMB PPRs and their functional analysis is particularly difficult.Results: Here, we report a new method for functional analysis of plastid EMB PPRs by efficiently constructing their cosuppression lines in Arabidopsis. When we overexpressed a mutated full length or fragments lacking one or several PPR repeats of EMB PPRs, such as EMB2279, EMB2654 and EMB976 in the wild-type (WT) background, a large portion of T1 plants displayed chlorosis phenotypes, which is similar to those of their knockdown mutants. RT-PCR analysis showed that the exogenous transgene was overexpressed, while the corresponding endogenous mRNA was significantly downregulated in the transgenic lines. However, when these constructs were overexpressed in the PTGS (Post transcriptional Gene Silencing) deficient mutant, rdr6 (rna dependent rna polymerase 6), none of the T1 plants displayed chlorosis phenotypes. These results indicate that the chlorosis phenotype results from post transcriptional silencing of the corresponding endogenous gene (also known as sense cosuppression). Conclusions: Overexpression of an appropriately truncated PPR CDS in WT leads to a high frequency of cosuppression lines with apparent mutant phenotype, and this method can be employed to study the unknown function of EMB PPR genes. By this method, our preliminary data showed that EMB976 is required for splicing of plastid clpP1 intron 2 and ycf3 intron 1.
Aberrant activation within auditory network is associated with psychiatric comorbidities in interictal migraineurs without aura
Authors: Wei Heng-Le , Chen Yu-Chen , Yu Yu-Sheng , Guo Xi , Zhou Gang-Ping , Zhou Qing-Qing , Qu Li-Jie , Yin Xindao , Li Junrong , Zhang Hong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging has confirmed auditory network dysfunction in migraine without aura (MwoA). Epidemiological investigations have disclosed that migraine is comorbid with many psychiatric symptoms. However, the underlying mechanisms of auditory cortex dysfunction linked to psychiatric disorders in MwoA remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore associations between brain activation in the auditory cortex and clinical and psychiatric characteristics in patients with MwoA during interictal periods.Methods: Resting-state data were acquired from patients with episodic MwoA (n=34) and healthy controls (n=30). Independent component analysis was used to extract and calculate the resting-state auditory network. Subsequently, we analyzed the correlations between spontaneous activation in the auditory cortex and clinical and psychiatric features in MwoA.Results: Compared with healthy controls, patients with MwoA showed increased activation in the left auditory cortex (i.e., superior temporal gyrus (STG), postcentral gyrus (PoCG) and insula). Brain activation in the left STG was positively correlated with anxiety scores, and activation in the left PoCG was negatively correlated with anxiety and depression scores. No significant differences were found in intracranial volume between the two groups.Conclusions: This study indicated that functional impairment and altered integration within the auditory cortex existed in patients with MwoA in the interictal period, suggesting that auditory cortex disruption as a biomarker may be implemented for the early diagnosis and prediction of neuropsychiatric impairment in MwoA.