bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Academic nursing leadership in the U.S.: a case study of competition, compromise and moral courage
Authors: Olson Tom , Walsh Eileen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPublic, private, non-profit and for-profit nursing education enterprises in the U.S. are competing with one another in a newly complex and volatile educational landscape, placing academic leaders into situations fraught with moral, ethical and legal compromise with few precedents for guidance. This case study provides a richly contextualized narrative exploration of ethical and legal challenges to one leader’s moral courage, a fictionalized exploration drawn from multiple sources over time, to form a composite that is nonetheless firmly rooted in the complexity and competitiveness characteristic of nursing education today. Our purpose is three-fold: 1) to direct the reader to moral and ethical questions that require thoughtful discourse and analysis among current and future academic nursing leaders; 2) to raise the issue of the need for regulations and oversight that reflect the changing realities of today’s increasingly complex and competitive educational arena; and 3) to encourage nursing education leaders to share additional cases that resonate for them, and in so doing, to expand the wellspring of ideas from which we can all draw in becoming more effective and morally courageous leaders.
Toward epidemic thresholds on temporal networks: a review and open questions
Authors: Leitch Jack , Alexander Kathleen A. , Sengupta Srijan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEpidemiological contact network models have emerged as an important tool in understanding and predicting spread of infectious disease, due to their capacity to engage individual heterogeneity that may underlie essential dynamics of a particular host-pathogen system. Just as fundamental are the changes that real-world contact networks undergo over time, both independently of and in response to pathogen spreading. These dynamics play a central role in determining whether a disease will die out or become epidemic within a population, known as the epidemic threshold. In this paper, we provide an overview of methods to predict the epidemic threshold for temporal contact network models, and discuss areas that remain unexplored.
Competitive Adsorption of Uranyl and Toxic Trace Metal Ions at MFe2O4-montmorillonite (M = Mn, Fe, Zn, Co, or Ni) Interfaces
Authors: Jiang Xiaoqiang , Nie Jianan , Bian Liang , Dong Faqin , Song Mianxin , He Yi , He Huichao , Zheng Zhiqin , Huo Tingting , Li Bowen , Belzile Nelson , Sun Shuhui , Zou Hao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAdsorption of uranyl (UO22+) ions to mineral surfaces is a potentially effective method for removing this hazardous metal from water, but other toxic trace metal ions (Xn+: Rb+, Sr2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+) in uraniferous wastewaters compete with UO22+ for adsorption sites and thus may diminish the capacity of adsorbents to sequester UO22+. A better understanding of competitive adsorption among these metal ions and the development of better adsorbents are, therefore, of critical importance. The purpose of the present study was to synthesize and characterize magnetic adsorbents, consisting of MFe2O4 (M = Mn, Fe, Zn, Co, or Ni) nanoparticles synthesized on montmorillonite (Mnt) edge sites, and to investigate their use as adsorbents for UO22+, including competitive adsorption with trace metal ions. Selective adsorption was studied using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms, and the results showed that Xn+ ions were adsorbed primarily on MFe2O4-montmorillonite surfaces, and the UO22+ ions were adsorbed on the interfaces between montmorillonite edge surfaces and MFe2O4 nanoparticles. Using the Freundlich model, the interface adsorption capacity of UO22+ reached 25.1 mg·g–1 in mixed solution. Further, the UO22+ and Cr3+ ions had a redox reaction on the interfaces with synergistic adsorption. Herein, the adsorption capacity of Cr3+ was 60.2 mg·g–1 using the Freundlich isotherm. The results demonstrated that the MFe2O4-montmorillonite with highly selective adsorption of UO22+ ions is applicable to UO22+ treatment in the presence of toxic trace metal ions.Graphical abstract
CAEP Dental Care Statement
Authors: Sheikh Hasan 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTOral health is an important part of an individual's overall health; however, dental care is not included in the Canadian public healthcare system. Many Canadians struggle to access dental care, and six million Canadians avoid visiting the dentist each year due to cost.1 The most vulnerable groups include children from low-income families, low-income adults, seniors, indigenous communities, and those with disabilities.1–5 The lack of affordable, equitable, and accessible dental care puts undue strain on emergency departments across the country, as patients desperately seek the care of a physician when they actually need the care of a dental professional.6 Emergency physicians do not have the same expertise or equipment as dentists and, in most cases, are only able to provide temporary symptom relief. This results in an increased reliance on prescription opioids that would otherwise be unnecessary if patients could access the dental care they required.
Application of a linear regression model to study the origin of C17 branched-chain fatty acids in caprine milk fat
Authors: Gómez-Cortés Pilar , Cívico Alfonso , de la Fuente Miguel Angel , Martínez Marín Andrés L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis research communications addresses the hypothesis that a part of iso 17:0 and anteiso 17:0 in milk fat could come from endogenous extraruminal tissue synthesis. In order to confirm this a linear regression model was applied to calculate the proportions of iso 17:0 and anteiso 17:0 in milk fat that could come from elongation of their putative precursors iso 15:0 and anteiso 15:0, respectively. Sixteen dairy goats were allocated to two simultaneous experiments, in a crossover design with four animals per treatment and two experimental periods of 25 d. In both experiments, alfalfa hay was the sole forage and the forage to concentrate ratio (33 : 67) remained constant. Experimental diets differed on the concentrate composition, either rich in starch or neutral detergent fibre, and they were administered alone or in combination with 30 g/d of linseed oil. Iso 15:0, anteiso 15:0, iso 17:0 and anteiso 17:0, the most abundant branched-chain fatty acids in milk fat, were determined by gas chromatography using two different capillary columns. The regression model resolved that 49% of iso 17:0 and 60% of anteiso 17:0 in milk fat was formed extraruminally from iso 15:0 and anteiso 15:0 elongation.
Gene microarray integrated with iTRAQ-based proteomics for the discovery of NLRP3 in LPS-induced inflammatory response of bovine mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Sun Yu , Li Lian , Li Chengmin , Wang Genlin , Xing Guangdong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMastitis, a major infectious disease in dairy cows, is characterized by an inflammatory response to pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. To better understand the immune and inflammatory response of the mammary gland, we stimulated bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (BMECs) with E. coli-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, we identified 1019 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, fold change ≥2 and P-value < 0.05) and 340 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs, fold change ≥1.3 and P-value < 0.05), of which 536 genes and 162 proteins were upregulated and 483 genes and 178 proteins were downregulated following exposure to LPS. These differentially expressed genes were associated with 172 biological processes; 15 Gene Ontology terms associated with response to stimulus, 4 associated with immune processes, and 3 associated with inflammatory processes. The DEPs were associated with 51 biological processes; 2 Gene Ontology terms associated with response to stimulus, 1 associated with immune processes, and 2 associated with inflammatory processes. Meanwhile, several pathways involved in mammary inflammation, such as Toll-like receptor, NF-κB, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways were also represented. NLRP3 depletion significantly inhibited the expression of IL-1β and PTGS2 by blocking caspase-1 activity in LPS-induced BMECs. These results suggest that NLR signaling pathways works in coordination with TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways via NLRP3-inflammasome activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in LPS-induced mastitis. The study highlights the function of NLRP3 in an inflammatory microenvironment, making NLRP3 a promising therapeutic target in Escherichia coli mastitis.
Validation of strip tests for the rapid screening of ethanol residues in milk
Authors: Fagnani Rafael , de Lira Fernanda Montanholi , Rosolem Carla Prado 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe experiments reported in this Research Communication aimed to determine if a domestic strip test to detect ethanol residues in breast milk (Milkscreen®) is comparable to a previously established official method for detecting ethanol residues in milk. The two methods are examined in terms of overall sensitivity, robustness against storage and acidity and selectivity against formaldehyde residues. Here, Milkscreen® provided advantages, with faster results (2 min), good sensitivity (≥0.017%), no false results due formaldehyde residues and equal robustness against storage, but with lower sensitivity in acid milk samples. In summary, strip tests for the rapid detection of ethanol residues in breast milk can be used for screening purposes by dairy manufacturers, combining it with the official method to make a final diagnosis.
Locked-in or Locked-out: Can a Public Services Market Really Change?
Authors: CONSIDINE MARK , O’SULLIVAN SIOBHAN , MCGANN MICHAEL , NGUYEN PHUC 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAustralia’s welfare-to-work system has been subject to ongoing political contestation and policy reform since the 1990s. In this paper we take a big picture look at the Australian system over time, re-visiting our earlier analysis of the impact of marketisation on flexibility at the frontline over the first ten years of the Australian market in employment services. That analysis demonstrated that marketisation had failed to deliver the service flexibility intended through contracting-out, and had instead produced market herding around a common set of standardised frontline practices. In the interim, there have been two further major redesigns of the Australian system at considerable expense to taxpayers. Re-introducing greater flexibility and service tailoring into the market has been a key aim of these reforms. Calling on evidence from an original, longitudinal survey of frontline employment service staff run in 2008, 2012 and 2016, this paper considers how the Australian market has evolved over its second decade. We find remarkable consistency over time and, indeed, evidence of deepening organisational convergence. We conclude that, once in motion, isomorphic pressures towards standardisation quickly get locked into quasi-market regimes; at least when these pressures occur in low-trust contracting environments.
Trajectory Planning and the Target Search by the Mobile Robot in an Environment Using a Behavior-Based Neural Network Approach
Authors: Pandey Krishna Kant , Parhi Dayal R. 
Published: November 2019

SUMMARYNavigation and path analysis in a cluttered environment is a challenging task over the last few decades. In this paper, a behavior-based neural network (BNN) and reactive control architecture have been presented for navigation of the mobile robot. Two different reactive behaviors have been taken as inputs function. Obstacle position is the first reactive behavior given by u(o), whereas obstacle angle u(n) according to the target position is the second reactive behavior. The angular velocity and steering angle are the output of the controller. The backpropagation architecture reduces the errors of weight function and records the best weight data that match the BNN controller. Using the BNN algorithm, the robot reacts quickly as compared to other developed techniques. To validate the performance of the controller, simulation and experimental results have been compared in the common platforms. The deviation in results for both the scenarios is found to be within 10%. The results of the BNN algorithm have also been compared with other existing techniques. Effectiveness of the proposed technique is measured in terms of smoothness of the realistic path, collision point detection, path length, and performance time.
Reading Henry Tresham's Theatre Curtain: Metastasio's Apotheosis and the Idea of Opera at London's Pantheon
Authors: Burden Michael 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhen London's new Pantheon Opera opened in 1791, the artist Henry Tresham, not long returned from Italy, was paid to paint the ceiling and proscenium of the new auditorium and to provide a drop curtain. The curtain provided a focus for the new institution's aspirations and for the audience's attention on those inspirations when they arrived at the theatre. Its elaborate nature – the zodiac, the music of the spheres, ancient and modern composers, the passions, and with a centrepiece of the apotheosis of Pietro Metastasio – was the subject of a series articles in the press explaining the curtain's allegory. All visual material was thought to be lost, but the recent identification of a preparatory watercolour of the apotheosis has offered an opportunity to re-examine both its place in the context of late eighteenth-century iconography and the place of Metastasio in the late eighteenth-century London opera house.
Edge-statistics on large graphs
Authors: Alon Noga , Hefetz Dan , Krivelevich Michael , Tyomkyn Mykhaylo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe inducibility of a graph H measures the maximum number of induced copies of H a large graph G can have. Generalizing this notion, we study how many induced subgraphs of fixed order k and size ℓ a large graph G on n vertices can have. Clearly, this number is $\left( {\matrix{n \cr k}}\right)$ for every n, k and $\ell \in \left\{ {0,\left( {\matrix{k \cr 2}} \right)}\right\}$. We conjecture that for every n, k and $0 \lt \ell \lt \left( {\matrix{k \cr 2}}\right)$ this number is at most $ (1/e + {o_k}(1)) {\left( {\matrix{n \cr k}} \right)}$. If true, this would be tight for ℓ ∈ {1, k − 1}.In support of our ‘Edge-statistics Conjecture’, we prove that the corresponding density is bounded away from 1 by an absolute constant. Furthermore, for various ranges of the values of ℓ we establish stronger bounds. In particular, we prove that for ‘almost all’ pairs (k, ℓ) only a polynomially small fraction of the k-subsets of V(G) have exactly ℓ edges, and prove an upper bound of $ (1/2 + {o_k}(1)){\left( {\matrix{n \cr k}}\right)}$ for ℓ = 1.Our proof methods involve probabilistic tools, such as anti-concentration results relying on fourth moment estimates and Brun’s sieve, as well as graph-theoretic and combinatorial arguments such as Zykov’s symmetrization, Sperner’s theorem and various counting techniques.
On Interfacial Microstructure Evolution in an Isothermally Exposed SiC Fiber-Reinforced Ti-17 Matrix Composite
Authors: Fan Yingwei , Zhou Xiaorong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe kinetics and mechanisms of interface reactions in a unidirectional continuous SiC fiber-reinforced Ti-17 matrix composite were investigated using transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that a reaction zone (RZ) consisting of two-layered TiC-type carbide forms at the fiber/matrix interface during fabrication of the composite. After isothermal exposure at elevated temperatures, the two-layered TiC-type carbide is inherited, and a new TiC-type carbide layer forms within the RZ after exposure at temperatures lower than 900°C, while a new Ti3C2-type carbide layer forms after exposure at 900°C. It was also observed that the growth of RZ is a diffusion-controlled and temperature-dependent process, obeying the Fick's law-based parabolic relationship and the Arrhenius equation. Two material constants, the temperature-independent rate constantk0and activation energyQ, are determined as 31.5 × 10−4µm/s1/2and 49.9 kJ/mol, respectively.
The search for microbial Martian life and American Buddhist ethics
Authors: Capper Daniel 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMultiple searches hunt for extraterrestrial life, yet the ethics of such searches in terms of fossil and possible extant life on Mars have not been sufficiently delineated. In response, in this essay, I propose a tripartite ethic for searches for microbial Martian life that consists of default non-harm towards potential living beings, default non-harm to the habitats of potential living beings, but also responsible, restrained scientific harvesting of some microbes in limited transgression of these default non-harm modes. Although this multifaceted ethic remains secular and hence adaptable to space research settings, it arises from both a qualitative analysis of authoritative Buddhist scriptural ethics as well as the quantified ethnographic survey voices of contemporary American Buddhists. The resulting tripartite ethic, while developed for Mars, contains ramifications for the study of microbes on Earth and further retains application to other research locations in our Solar system.
Declining ethnic relations in post-war Liberia: The transmission of violent memories
Authors: Weah Aaron 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMore than ten years after the Liberia Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) released its Final Report, there has been no implementation of the recommendations proffered. This article focuses on post-conflict memorialization, the TRC's strategy to engender collective remembering, and a set of State-led actions designed to teach future generations about the past violence with a view to preventing relapse into violent conflict. Both the constructive and destructive patterns of remembering that have evolved in the wake of the government's silence since the release of the recommendations will be analyzed.
Optimization the formulation parameters in preparation of α-tocopherol nanodispersions using low-energy solvent displacement technique
Authors: Jaberi Naghmeh , Anarjan Navideh , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. α-Tocopherol is the main compound of vitamin E with great antioxidant activity. However, like other functional lipid bioactive compounds, it suffers from low bioavailability due to its low water solubility and liable chemical structure. A bottom-up procedure based on a solvent-displacement method was constructed for fabrication of α-tocopherol nanodispersions using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of main formulation parameters, namely, weight ratio of emulsifier to α-tocopherol and volumetric percent of acetone to water on the average particle size (nm), polydispersity index, concentration of α-tocopherol loss (% w/w) and turbidity of the nanodispersions were evaluated and optimized to gain the most desirable nanodispersions (least particle size, polydispersity index, turbidity and highest α-tocopherol concentrations). Second order regression equations, holding quite high coefficients of determination (R2 and adjusted R2 > 0.882), were significantly (p-value < 0.05) fitted for predicting the α-tocopherol nanodispersion characteristics variations as functions of studied formulation parameters. A multiple optimization analysis offered 6.5 and 10% for weight ratio of Tween 20 to α-tocopherol and volume percent of acetone, respectively, as overall optimum values for studied parameters. Statistically insignificant differences between experimental and predicted values of studied responses, verified the satisfactoriness of presented models for explaining the response characteristics as a function of formulation parameters. Thus, the employed solvent-displacement technique may provide the most desired water dispersible α-tocopherol nanoparticles for several water-based foods, cosmetic nutraceutical formulations.
The Development and Validation of an Interest and Skill Inventory on	Educational Choices (ISEC)
Authors: Meens Evelyne E. M. , Bakx Anouke W. E. A. , Mulder Joris , Denissen Jaap J. A. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. This study aimed at developing and validating a new instrument to facilitate late adolescents and young adults to choose a higher education major. For the main study, the sample consisted of 6,215 late adolescents and young adults ( Mage = 19.50, SD = 1.89, 42.3% female). After rational scale construction based on the RIASEC model of Holland (1997) , several statistical analyses were conducted. In four studies, structural validity, internal consistency, and construct validity were examined. Our analyses showed that adequate structural validity, internal consistency, and construct validity were established. A 7-factor structure was found, in which the investigative domain split into two subscales. The overall results suggested that the new instrument is reliable and valid as an orientation instrument in applied settings in secondary and higher education.
A Psychometric Evaluation of a Reduced Version of the PID-5 in	Clinical and Non-Clinical Adolescents
Authors: Koster Nagila , Laceulle Odilia M. , Van der Heijden Paul T. , Klimstra Theo , De Clercq Barbara , Verbeke Lize , De Caluwé Elien A. L. , Van Aken Marcel A. G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract. A dimensional perspective on personality pathology in which trait assessment plays an important role has been proposed in the DSM-5, as represented in the PID-5 measure. In an attempt to increase the feasibility of the personality disorder (PD) assessment process, Maples and colleagues constructed a reduced, 100-item version of the PID-5. This study aimed to replicate and extend previous findings on the psychometric properties of this 100-item PID-5 relying on a non-clinical ( N = 100) and a clinical ( N = 101) sample of mid-adolescents, as well as a non-clinical ( N = 218) and a clinical ( N = 212) sample of late-adolescents. Results indicate that the psychometric properties of the 100-item PID-5 are adequate and similar to the original PID-5 in all samples. Our study provides evidence for extended applicability of the 100-item PID-5 for both clinical and non-clinical adolescents.
The Dynamic Response of Sea Ice to Warming in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Authors: Howell Stephen E. L. , Brady Mike 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIce arches in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA) block the inflow of Arctic Ocean ice for the majority of the year. A 22 year record (1997–2018) of Arctic Ocean‐CAA ice exchange was used to investigate the effect of warming on CAA sea ice dynamics. Larger ice area flux values were associated with longer flow duration and faster ice speed facilitated by increased open water leeway from the CAA's transition to a younger and thinner ice regime, which together have contributed to a significant ice area flux increase (103 km2/year) from Arctic Ocean into the northern CAA from 1997 to 2018. Remarkably, the 2016 Arctic Ocean ice area flux into the CAA (161 × 103 km2) was 7 times greater than the 1997–2018 average (23 × 103 km2) and almost double the 2007 ice area flux into Nares Strait (87 × 103 km2). Continued warming may result in the CAA becoming a larger outlet for Arctic Ocean ice area loss.