bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the video motion tracking system “Kinovea” to assess surgical movements during robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Beulens Alexander J. W. , Namba Hanae F. , Brinkman Willem M. , Meijer Richard P. , Koldewijn Evert L. , Hendrikx Ad J. M. , van Basten Jean‐Paul , van Merriënboer Jeroen J. G. , Van der Poel Henk G. , Bangma Chris , Wagner Cordula 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundsRobot‐assisted surgery facilitated the possibility to evaluate the surgeon's skills by recording and evaluating the robot surgical images. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using a computer programme (Kinovea) for objective assessment of surgical movements in previously recorded in existing robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) videos.MethodsTwelve entire RARP procedures were analysed by a trained researcher using the computer programme “Kinovea” to perform semi‐automated assessment of surgical movements.ResultsData analysis showed Kinovea was on average able to automatically assess only 22% of the total surgical duration per video of the robot‐assisted surgery. On average, it lasted 4 hours of continued monitoring by the researcher to assess one RARP using Kinovea.ConclusionAlthough we proved it is technically possible to use the Kinovea system in retrospective analysis of surgical movement in robot‐assisted surgery, the acquired data do not give a comprehensive enough analysis of the video to be used in skills assessment.
Biallelic correction of sickle cell disease-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) confirmed at the protein level through serum-free iPS-sac/erythroid differentiation
Authors: Haro-Mora Juan J. , Uchida Naoya , Demirci Selami , Wang Qi , Zou Jizhong , Tisdale John F. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
New technologies of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and genome editing have emerged, allowing for the development of autologous transfusion therapies. We previously demonstrated definitive β-globin production from human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived erythroid cell generation via hemangioblast-like ES-sacs. In this study, we demonstrated normal β-globin protein production from biallelic corrected sickle cell disease (SCD) iPSCs. We optimized our ES/iPS-sac method for feeder cell-free hESC maintenance followed by serum-free ES-sac generation, which is preferred for electroporation-based genome editing. Surprisingly, the optimized protocol improved yields of ES-sacs (25.9-fold), hematopoietic-like spherical cells (14.8-fold), and erythroid cells (5.8-fold), compared with our standard ES-sac generation. We performed viral vector-free gene correction in SCD iPSCs, resulting in one clone with monoallelic and one clone with biallelic correction, and using this serum-free iPS-sac culture, corrected iPSC-generated erythroid cells with normal β-globin, confirmed at DNA and protein levels. Our serum-free ES/iPS-sac protocol with gene correction will be useful to develop regenerative transfusion therapies for SCD.

Significance statement The sickle mutation in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from a patient with sickle cell disease has successfully been corrected using an improved serum-free method for the generation of ES/iPS-sacs, a hemangioblast-like structure containing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells that can be differentiated into erythroid cells containing mostly definitive globins, including γ- and β-globins.
Intracellular signaling dynamics and their role in coordinating tissue repair
Authors: Ghilardi Samuel J. , O'Reilly Breanna M. , Sgro Allyson E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTissue repair is a complex process that requires effective communication and coordination between cells across multiple tissues and organ systems. Two of the initial intracellular signals that encode injury signals and initiate tissue repair responses are calcium and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK). However, calcium and ERK signaling control a variety of cellular behaviors important for injury repair including cellular motility, contractility, and proliferation, as well as the activity of several different transcription factors, making it challenging to relate specific injury signals to their respective repair programs. This knowledge gap ultimately hinders the development of new wound healing therapies that could take advantage of native cellular signaling programs to more effectively repair tissue damage. The objective of this review is to highlight the roles of calcium and ERK signaling dynamics as mechanisms that link specific injury signals to specific cellular repair programs during epithelial and stromal injury repair. We detail how the signaling networks controlling calcium and ERK can now also be dissected using classical signal processing techniques with the advent of new biosensors and optogenetic signal controllers. Finally, we advocate the importance of recognizing calcium and ERK dynamics as key links between injury detection and injury repair programs that both organize and execute a coordinated tissue repair response between cells across different tissues and organs.This article is categorized under:
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models
Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Imaging
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models
Rooting out letters: octagonal symbol alphabets and algebraic number theory
Authors: Bourjaily Jacob L. , McLeod Andrew J. , Vergu Cristian , Volk Matthias , von Hippel Matt , Wilhelm Matthias 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
It is widely expected that NMHV amplitudes in planar, maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory require symbol letters that are not rationally expressible in terms of momentum-twistor (or cluster) variables starting at two loops for eight particles. Re- cent advances in loop integration technology have made this an ‘experimentally testable’ hypothesis: compute the amplitude at some kinematic point, and see if algebraic symbol letters arise. We demonstrate the feasibility of such a test by directly integrating the most difficult of the two-loop topologies required. This integral, together with its rotated image, suffices to determine the simplest NMHV component amplitude: the unique component finite at this order. Although each of these integrals involve algebraic symbol alphabets, the combination contributing to this amplitude is — surprisingly — rational. We describe the steps involved in this analysis, which requires several novel tricks of loop integration and also a considerable degree of algebraic number theory. We find dramatic and unusual simplifications, in which the two symbols initially expressed as almost ten million terms in over two thousand letters combine in a form that can be written in five thousand terms and twenty-five letters.
The classical double copy of a point charge
Authors: Kim Kwangeon , Lee Kanghoon , Monteiro Ricardo , Nicholson Isabel , Veiga David Peinador 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The classical double copy relates solutions to the equations of motion in gauge theory and in gravity. In this paper, we present two double-copy formalisms for relating the Coulomb solution in gauge theory to the two-parameter Janis-Newman-Winicour solution in gravity. The latter is a static, spherically symmetric, asymptotically fiat solution that generically includes a dilaton field, but also admits the Schwarzschild solution as a special case. We first present the classical double copy as a perturbative construction, similar to its formulation for scattering amplitudes, and then present it as an exact map, with a novel generalisation of the Kerr-Schild double copy motivated by double field theory. The latter formalism exhibits the relation between the Kerr-Schild classical double copy and the string theory origin of the double copy for scattering amplitudes.
Three-loop contributions to the ρ parameter and iterated integrals of modular forms
Authors: Abreu Samuel , Becchetti Matteo , Duhr Claude , Marzucca Robin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe compute fully analytic results for the three-loop diagrams involving two different massive quark flavours contributing to theρparameter in the Standard Model. We find that the results involve exactly the same class of functions that appears in the well-known sunrise and banana graphs, namely elliptic polylogarithms and iterated integrals of modular forms. Using recent developments in the understanding of these functions, we analytically continue all the iterated integrals of modular forms to all regions of the parameter space, and in each region we obtain manifestly real and fast-converging series expansions for these functions.
Homogenization for Generalized Langevin Equations with Applications to Anomalous Diffusion
Authors: Lim Soon Hoe , Wehr Jan , Lewenstein Maciej 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe study homogenization for a class of generalized Langevin equations (GLEs) with state-dependent coefficients and exhibiting multiple time scales. In addition to the small mass limit, we focus on homogenization limits, which involve taking to zero the inertial time scale and, possibly, some of the memory time scales and noise correlation time scales. The latter are meaningful limits for a class of GLEs modeling anomalous diffusion. We find that, in general, the limiting stochastic differential equations for the slow degrees of freedom contain non-trivial drift correction terms and are driven by non-Markov noise processes. These results follow from a general homogenization theorem stated and proven here. We illustrate them using stochastic models of particle diffusion.
Outcome of conservative treatment for triangular fibrocartilage complex lesions with stable distal radioulnar joint
Authors: Sander Anna Lena , Sommer Katharina , Kaiser Antonia Katharina , Marzi Ingo , Frank Johannes 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) lesions have high clinical relevance. Although multiple studies have been done in the past, there is a lack of data after conservative treatment and controversy remains regarding management. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome of symptomatic TFCC lesions after conservative treatment and arthroscopic debridement.

Methods
Between 2012 and 2017, 33 patients were included. 16 patients were treated conservatively and 17 patients with arthroscopic debridement. The average age was 41 years (range 18–63). The mean follow-up was 22.2 months (range 6–74). Evaluation included pain, range of motion (ROM), grip strength, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score, Modified Mayo Wrist Score (MMWS), and Purdue Pegboard test.

Results
Pain averaged 0.1 (range 0–1) in the conservative group compared to 1.3 (range 0–6) in the arthroscopic group. The mean ROM was 99% for wrist extension, and 100% for flexion and pro-/supination in the conservative group, and 96% for extension and flexion, and 100% for pro-/supination in the arthoscopic group compared to the contralateral side. Grip strength was 88% (range 63–100) in the conservative group versus 89% (range 33–100) in the arthroscopic group. The conservative group reached a DASH score of 16.8 and MMWS of 94.3 compared to 22.1 and 87.2 in the arthroscopic group. The differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated similar results of conservative compared to arthroscopic treatment. Because conservative treatment was a sufficient and reliable option, we propose it as first-line treatment for TFCC lesions with stable distal radioulnar joint.
Comment on “Minimization of maximum failure criterion of laminated composite shell structure by optimizing distributed-material orientation” by Shimoda M., Muramatsu Y., Tsukihara R.
Authors: Kobelev V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe new “modified Tsai-Hill failure criterion” introduced in Shimoda et al. (SAMO, 2020) does not possess a convex fracture envelope for all possible set of its coefficients. An extended version of the “modified Tsai-Hill failure criterion” is introduced. The extended version encompasses several known failure criterions for the anisotropic materials. The convexity of the fracture envelope for composite materials and metallic alloys is briefly discussed. Albeit the convexity of the failure envelope is not necessary from the physical viewpoint, the convexity is favorable for the application of optimization methods.
Effective balance equations for poroelastic composites
Authors: Miller Laura , Penta Raimondo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe derive the quasi-static governing equations for the macroscale behaviour of a linear elastic porous composite comprising a matrix interacting with inclusions and/or fibres, and an incompressible Newtonian fluid flowing in the pores. We assume that the size of the pores (the microscale) is comparable with the distance between adjacent subphases and is much smaller than the size of the whole domain (the macroscale). We then decouple spatial scales embracing the asymptotic (periodic) homogenization technique to derive the new macroscale model by upscaling the fluid–structure interaction problem between the elastic constituents and the fluid phase. The resulting system of partial differential equations is of poroelastic type and encodes the properties of the microstructure in the coefficients of the model, which are to be computed by solving appropriate cell problems which reflect the complexity of the given microstructure. The model reduces to the limit case of simple composites when there are no pores, and standard Biot’s poroelasticity whenever only the matrix–fluid interaction is considered. We further prove rigorous properties of the coefficients, namely (a) major and minor symmetries of the effective elasticity tensor, (b) positive definiteness of the resulting Biot’s modulus, and (c) analytical identities which allow us to define an effective Biot’s coefficient. This model is applicable when the interactions between multiple solid phases occur at the porescale, as in the case of various systems such as biological aggregates, constructs, bone, tendons, as well as rocks and soil.
Motor congruency and multisensory integration jointly facilitate visual information processing before movement execution
Authors: Elshout J. A. , Van der Stoep N. , Nijboer T. C. W. , Van der Stigchel S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAttention allows us to select important sensory information and enhances sensory information processing. Attention and our motor system are tightly coupled: attention is shifted to the target location before a goal-directed eye- or hand movement is executed. Congruent eye–hand movements to the same target can boost the effect of this pre-movement shift of attention. Moreover, visual information processing can be enhanced by, for example, auditory input presented in spatial and temporal proximity of visual input via multisensory integration (MSI). In this study, we investigated whether the combination of MSI and motor congruency can synergistically enhance visual information processing beyond what can be observed using motor congruency alone. Participants performed congruent eye- and hand movements during a 2-AFC visual discrimination task. The discrimination target was presented in the planning phase of the movements at the movement target location or a movement irrelevant location. Three conditions were compared: (1) a visual target without sound, (2) a visual target with sound spatially and temporally aligned (MSI) and (3) a visual target with sound temporally misaligned (no MSI). Performance was enhanced at the movement-relevant location when congruent motor actions and MSI coincide compared to the other conditions. Congruence in the motor system and MSI together therefore lead to enhanced sensory information processing beyond the effects of motor congruency alone, before a movement is executed. Such a synergy implies that the boost of attention previously observed for the independent factors is not at ceiling level, but can be increased even further when the right conditions are met.
How visual information influences dual-task driving and tracking
Authors: Broeker Laura , Haeger Mathias , Bock Otmar , Kretschmann Bettina , Ewolds Harald , Künzell Stefan , Raab Markus 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe study examined the impact of visual predictability on dual-task performance in driving and tracking tasks. Participants (N = 27) performed a simulated driving task and a pursuit tracking task. In either task, visual predictability was manipulated by systematically varying the amount of advance visual information: in the driving task, participants drove at night with low beam, at night with high beam, or in daylight; in the tracking task, participants saw a white line that specified the future target trajectory for 200, 400 or 800 ms. Concurrently with driving or tracking, participants performed an auditory task. They had to discriminate between two sounds and press a pedal upon hearing the higher sound. Results show that in general, visual predictability benefited driving and tracking; however, dual-task driving performance was best with highest visual predictability (daylight), dual-task tracking performance was best with medium visual predictability (400 ms). Braking/reaction times were higher in dual tasks compared to single tasks, but were unaffected by visual predictability, showing that its beneficial effects did not transfer to the auditory task. In both tasks, manual accuracy decreased around the moment the foot pressed the pedal, indicating interference between tasks. We, therefore, conclude that despite a general beneficial impact of predictability, the integration of visual information seems to be rather task specific, and that interference between driving and audiomotor tasks, and tracking and audiomotor tasks, seems comparable.
Predicting the chemical composition of juvenile and mature woods in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) using FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Funda Tomas , Fundova Irena , Gorzsás András , Fries Anders , Wu Harry X. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe chemical composition of wood is one of the key features that determine wood quality. The focus of this study was on identifying differences between juvenile and mature woods in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) and developing models for predicting the chemical composition of these two wood types. Chemical traits, determined by traditional wet chemistry techniques, included the proportion of lignin, polysaccharides and extractives. Partial least squares regression of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra was used for model building. The model performance was primarily evaluated by root mean squared error of predictions (RMSEP). High predictive power was attained for the content of lignin (RMSEP of 0.476 and 0.495 for juvenile and mature woods, respectively) and extractives (0.302 and 0.471), good predictive power for cellulose (0.715 and 0.696) and hemicelluloses in juvenile wood (0.719) and low predictive power for hemicelluloses in mature wood (0.823). A distinct band was observed at 1693 cm−1, and its intensity was strongly associated with the content of extractives (r = 0.968 and 0.861 in juvenile and mature woods, respectively). FTIR has proved suitable for the rapid, non-destructive, cost-efficient assessment of the chemical composition of juvenile and mature woods in Scots pine. The band at 1693 cm−1is to be further investigated to unravel its link with individual extractive components.
Evaluation of the bioequivalence and food effect on the bioavailability of CC-486 (oral azacitidine) tablets in adult patients with cancer
Authors: Babiker Hani M. , Milhem Mohammed , Aisner Joseph , Edenfield William , Shepard Dale , Savona Michael , Iyer Swaminathan , Abdelrahim Maen , Beach C. L. , Skikne Barry , Laille Eric , Tsai Kao-Tai , Ho Thai 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Purpose
CC-486 is an oral formulation of azacitidine that allows for extended dosing schedules to prolong azacitidine exposure to malignant cells and maximize clinical activity. CC-486 300 mg daily, administered for 14 or 21 days of 28-day treatment cycles, is currently under investigation in two ongoing phase III trials. The 300-mg daily dose in these studies is administered as two 150-mg tablets (Formulation A).

Methods
We evaluated the bioequivalence of one 300-mg CC-486 tablet (Formulation B) with Formulation A and food effect on Formulation B, in adult patients with cancer in a 2-stage crossover design study.

Results
The ratios of the geometric means of the maximum azacitidine plasma concentration (Cmax) and of the area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity (AUC∞) were 101.5% and 105.7%, demonstrating the bioequivalence of Formulations A and B. Formulation B was rapidly absorbed under fasted and fed conditions. The geometric mean of Cmax was significantly decreased by ~ 21% in the fed state. Median Tmax was reached at 2 h and 1 h post-dose in fed and fasted states, respectively (P < 0.001). Nevertheless, systemic drug exposure (AUC) in fed and fasted states was within the 80–125% boundaries of bioequivalence and differences in Cmax and Tmax are not expected to have a clinical impact.

Conclusion
The single 300-mg CC-486 tablet was bioequivalent to two 150-mg tablets, which have shown to be efficacious and generally well-tolerated in clinical trials, and can be taken with or without food.
Effects of disease-modifying therapy on peripheral leukocytes in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Schweitzer F. , Laurent S. , Fink G. R. , Barnett Michael H. , Hartung H. P. , Warnke C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractModern disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) have variable modes of action and selectively suppress or modulate the immune system. In this review, we summarize the predicted and intended as well as unwanted adverse effects on leukocytes in peripheral blood as a result of treatment with DMTs for MS. We link changes in laboratory tests to the possible therapeutic risks that include secondary autoimmunity, infections, and impaired response to vaccinations. Profound knowledge of the intended effects on leukocyte counts, in particular lymphocytes, explained by the mode of action, and adverse effects which may require additional laboratory and clinical vigilance or even drug discontinuation, is needed when prescribing DMTs to treat patients with MS.