bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UJI KARAKTERISTIK PEMBAKARAN HASIL DESTILASI KARET BEKAS-MINYAK DIESEL DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN DROPLET
Authors: Hartono Aji Indra , Mursadin Aqli 
Published: September 2020

This study aims to look at the combustion characteristics of destillates of used rubber and diesel oil using droplet, the characteristics observed were flash point, ignition delay time, burning rate, and visualization (hight) of fire. Variation in mix RCO 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%. The tool used is a tool designed by researchers. The result of the flash point study found that the highest velue was found in the mixture of RCO 10% which was 105,7oC and the lowest value was found in mixture of 50% which was 56,6oC. then the highest value of the ignition delay time is in the mixture of 10% which is 1,64 seconds and the lowest value in the mixture is 30% which is 0,98 seconds, then are result of the highest burning rate are found in the mixture 0f 40% which is 3,83 seconds and lowest value is mixed with 20% which is 3,1 second. Then the highest level of fire in the mixture of 10% is 82,3 mm and the lowest is in the mixture of 50% which is 73,2 mm. Keywords: Rubber Compound Oil, Droplet, Flash Point, Ignition Delay Time, Burning Rate
ANALISIS EFISIENSI KINARJA ECONOMIZER DI PT. PLN (PERSERO) KALIMANTAN SELATAN-TENGAH SEKTOR PLTU ASAM – ASAM
Authors: Gapur Abdul , Mursadin Aqli 
Published: September 2020

Electrical energy is the dominant energy needed for human life. One source of electricity income is Steam Power Plant (PLTU). With an installed capacity of 4 x65 MW for public transportation, each unit of acid acid plant has one boiler with 1 economizer as a means of boiler efficiency enhancer by absorbing hot flue gas. To avoid it then in need of maximum care to components of economizer. To see the effectiveness of the economizer it is necessary to observe the economizer. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the economizer. From the results of the boiler efficiency study from March 27, 2017 to April 10, 2017 with a total average efficiency in the analysis of 81.93%. With the highest efficiency on date On March 29, 2017 the efficiency calculated was 83.42% at 02:00. And the lowest on April 2, 2017, an 80.32% efficiency at 09:00. The factor that influences the efficiency ratio is the temperature difference between the incoming gas gas furnace (T_ (h, i)), exit (T_ (h, o)) and the feed water inlet tube temperature (T_ (c, i)). The research obtained the highest heat transfer coefficient that is equal to 1.647,1 Btu/h.ft2 at 227,4°C on 27/03/2017 and the lowest that is equal to 1.636,91 Btu/h.ft2 at 233°C on 28/03/2017 Keywords: Economizer, Feed Water Tube, Flue Gas, Koefisien Heat Transfer, Heat transfer
ANALISIS HASIL FERMENTASI PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DENGAN VARIASI MASSA RAGI MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN (BERAS KETAN HITAM, BERAS KETAN PUTIH DAN SINGKONG)
Authors: Pristiwanto Arry Eko , Subagyo Rachmat 
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the levels of bioethanol from (black sticky rice, white sticky rice and cassava rice) with variations in yeast mass as much as 5 grams, 10 grams and 15 grams knowing the optimum time variation and knowing ethanol levels according to SNI. This research was carried out by hydrolysis or boiling of ingredients (black sticky rice, white sticky rice and cassava rice) using distilled water for 30 minutes, then fermentation using yeast saccharomyces cereviseae and distillation process using a complete destilator to obtain ethanol from fermented then tested with a pen refractometer to determine whether or not ethanol is formed from the distillation process. The selected sample was then tested for ethanol content using a gas chromatography tool. The results of this study are known by testing gas chromatography to find out the ethanol content contained in the distilled sample, the results of ethanol, black glutinous rice with 96 hours fermentation time 92.29% ethanol, and white glutinous rice with fermentation time 96 hours of 100% ethanol and cassava with 96 hours of fermentation time of ethanol content of 98.10%. Keywords: Black Sticky Rice, White Sticky Rice, Cassava, Fermentation, Ethanol
PENGGUNAAN KAOLIN DENGAN ADITIF TEMBAGA SEBAGAI CATALYTIC CONVERTER TERHADAP EMISI GAS BUANG DAN PERFORMA SATRIA F 150
Authors: Hadi Nasrul , Ghofur Abdul 
Published: September 2020

Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk menentukan penggunaan penambahan katalis berbentuk keramik pada saluran pembuangan kendaraan bermotor Satria F 150. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah sepeda motor F 150 satria. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah gas CO2, CO, HC. Penelitian ini dilakukan di dinas lingkungan hidup Banjarmasin dengan menggunakan alat analisis gas dan juga dilakukan di bengkel plug and play Banjarmasin menggunakan dinamometer. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah variasi dalam rpm, campuran dan variasi dalam lubang. Hasil penelitian ini adalah peningkatan terbesar dalam emisi CO2 dengan peningkatan maksimum 48,72% dalam komposisi A pada putaran idle. Sementara kandungan senyawa CO mengalami penurunan terbesar maksimum 40,06% ditemukan dalam komposisi C pada 5.000 rpm. Senyawa HC juga mengalami pengurangan maksimum terbesar 85,54% dalam komposisi B pada 5.000 rpm. Menggunakan catalytic converter dengan variasi 15 hole menghasilkan daya 11,42 HP dan torsi maksimum 10,00 Nm dan untuk catalytic converter dengan variasi 19 hole menghasilkan daya 11,44 HP, dan torsi maksimum 10,12 Nm. The purpose of this study was to determine the use of ceramic-shaped catalyst additions to the exhaust channel of the Satria F 150 motorized vehicle. This study used the experimental method. The population in this study was F 150 satria motorbikes. The data in this research were CO2 gas, CO, HC. This research was carried out in the banjarmasin environmental service using a gas analyzer and was also carried out in the Banjarmasin Banjarmasin plug and play workshop using a dynamometer. The technique used in data collection was variations in rpm, mixtures and variations in holes. The results of this study are the greatest increase in CO2 emissions with a maximum increase of 48.72% in composition A at idle rpm. While the content of CO compounds experienced the largest decrease of a maximum of 40.06% found in composition C at 5000 rpm. HC compounds also experienced the largest maximum reduction of 85.54% in composition B at 5000 rpm. Using a catalytic converter with 15 hole variations produces a power of 11.42 HP and a maximum torque of 10.00 Nm and for catalytic converters with 19 hole variations producing power of 11.44 HP, and a maximum torque of 10.12 Nm.
PENGARUH JARAK ANTAR ELEKTRODA PLAT STAINLESS STEEL TERHADAP PRODUKTIFITAS DAN EFISIENSI GENERATOR HHO MENGGUNAKAN METODE ELEKTROLISIS AIR SUMUR DENGAN KATALIS NaHCO3
Authors: Sahwan Khairul , Tamjidillah Mastiadi 
Published: September 2020

Gas HHO merupakan energi alternatif yang dapat menggantikan sumber energi fosil. Gas HHO dapat diproduksi dengan beberapa cara termasuk elektrolisis air. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode elektrolisis air sumur menggunakan katalis NaHCO3 dalam penelitian ini. Peneliti menggunakan variasi jarak antar roda yaitu 2mm, 4mm, dan 6mm. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk memproduksi gas HHO pada 50 pertama adalah yang tercepat pada jarak 2 mm yaitu 95 detik. Sedangkan paling lambat di jarak 6 mm, 123 detik. Laju aliran gas HHO pada jarak 2 mm lebih besar dari pada laju alir pada jarak 4 mm dan jarak 6 mm. Semakin kecil jarak antar pelat maka semakin cepat pula gas HHO yang dihasilkan. Pada saat proses elektrolisis, didapatkan tegangan yang lebih rendah dengan jarak 6 mm yaitu 3,4 volt sedangkan arus terendah diperoleh pada jarak 2 mm yaitu 4,25 ampere. Energi listrik terendah diperoleh pada jarak 2 mm yaitu 50 ml start menggunakan energi 1266,35 joule. Dari beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi efisiensi generator HHO didapatkan efisiensi tertinggi pada jarak 2 mm yaitu rata-rata 37,90% dan efisiensi terendah pada jarak 6 mm yaitu 20,58%, sehingga diperoleh efisiensi pelat 2 mm. HHO gas is an alternative energy that can replace fossil energy sources. HHO gas can be produced in several ways including water electrolysis. In this study the researchers used the electrolysis method of well water using NaHCO3 catalyst in this study. The researchers used variations in the distance between the wheels, namely 2mm, 4mm, and 6mm. From the research, it was concluded that the time needed to produce HHO gas in the first 50 was the fastest at a distance of 2 mm, which is 95 seconds. While at the latest at a distance of 6 mm, 123 seconds. HHO gas flow rate at a distance of 2 mm is greater than the flow rate at a distance of 4 mm and a distance of 6 mm. The smaller the distance between plates, the faster the HHO gas will be generated. Which is used during the electrolysis process, where the lower voltage is obtained with a distance of 6 mm which is 3.4 volts while the lowest current is obtained at a distance of 2 mm which is 4.25 amperes. The lowest electrical energy is obtained at a distance of 2 mm ie 50 ml starting using energy of 1266.35 joules From several factors that affect the efficiency of the HHO generator, the highest efficiency is found at a distance of 2 mm, which is an average of 37.90% and the lowest efficiency at a distance of 6 mm, which is 20.58%, so that the efficiency is obtained plate 2 mm.
Rancang Bangun Kompor (Burner) Berbahan Bakar Oli Bekas
Authors: Pratama Annasruddin , Basyirun Basyirun , Atmojo Yohan Widhi , Ramadhan Gilang Wahyu , Hidayat Alif Rivan 
Published: September 2020

<div class="WordSection1"><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rancang bangun kompor <em>(burner)</em> berbahan bakar oli bekas, beserta spesifikasinya dan mengetahui hasil pengujian menggunakan kompor <em>(burner)</em> pembakaran oli bekas. Berangkat dari kurangnya pemanfaatan limbah oli bekas dan belum adanya alat yang baik untuk memanfaatkan oli bekas tersebut. Disisi lain apabila digunakan sebagai bahan bakar, oli bekas tidak menghasilkan pembakaran sempurna. Penelitian ini menggunakan model perancangan French. Penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa kompor <em>(burner)</em> yang dirancang memiliki bentuk yang besar dibandingkan pada burner pada umumnya. Kompor (<em>burner)</em> mencapai tekanan 3.5 bar dengan suhu mencapai 1127 °C. Api yang dihasilkan oli bekas berwarna jingga. Perbandingan bahan bakar menghasilkan data bahwa elpiji lebih cepat 16 menit dibandingkan oli bekas dalam peleburan alumunium. Panjang nyala api paling tinggi ialah 1.57 m pada variasi tekanan udara 3 bar dan paling rendah ialah 0.83 m pada tekanan 1 bar. Adanya pengaruh variasi tekanan terhadap temperatur pembakaran dengan temperatur minimal dan maksimal mencapai titik tertinggi dengan tekanan sebesar 2.5 bar dengan temperatur sebesar 118 °C dan 994 °C sedangkan untuk titik terendah pada temperatur minimal dan maksimal pada tekanan 1 bar dengan temperatur sebesar 80,4 °C dan 662 °C dengan tekanan 0,5 bar. Waktu konsumsi bahan bakar dengan variasi jarak sebesar 2200 km menghasilkan waktu yang cukup singkat yaitu sebesar 12 menit 25 detik. Sedangkan waktu konsumsi yang diperoleh dari variasi jarak 1800 km sebesar 17 menit 11 detik.</p></div>
PERILAKU SOSIAL WANITA RAWAN SOSIAL TERKAIT DENGAN NORMA, ETIKA DAN ESTETIKA LINGKUNGAN DI PRUMPUNG
Authors: FITRIA FITRIA PITRI 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study aims to describe the views of the public towards Social Vulnerable Women (SVW) related to norms, ethics, and environmental aesthetics, orientation and patterns of education dissemination in the SVW family, as well as the impact of implementing education on reproductive prostitution for SVW children. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach. The subjects used in this study were four SVW families consisting of children who went to school and did not attend school as well as mothers who worked as SVW, residents living in the Prumpung area. The results of this study show that as migrants who worked as SVW in Prumpung, they were maintaining their behavior with local residents. Although the work they do is contrary to norms, ethics, and environmental aesthetics. As SVW all their lives, they want to get out of that dark life. Second, people's views on SVW's social behavior in Prumpung are related to the norms, ethics and environmental aesthetics of Prumpung. The community around the beginning did not like the presence of the SVW, but over time the people or natives finally accepted their existence. This is evidenced by the establishment of rented houses, restaurants and taxibike services to service SVW. Third, the factors that support SVW's social behavior related to norms, ethics and environmental aesthetics include increasing economic needs and the lack of education they have.
2021 SPE President: Thomas A. Blasingame
Authors: Boschee Pam 
Published: September 2020

Thomas A. (Tom) Blasingame will take office as 2021 SPE President during the virtual SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition in October.
He is a professor of Petroleum Engineering at Texas A&M University, where he began teaching as an undergraduate teaching assistant in 1982 after becoming a student in 1980. He joined the full-time staff as an assistant professor in 1991. He has graduated 72 MS and 16 PhD students since 1991 and has prepared approximately 170 technical articles.
He is the second SPE President to come from academia, both from Texas A&M; the first was John Calhoun in 1964.
Blasingame has been active in SPE since the early 1990s, serving in a wide variety of roles. He has chaired 20 conferences, 11 ATWs, three forums, and two SPE summits. He served on the SPE International Board of Directors as the Technical Director for Reservoir from 2015 to 2018.
He also served as a Distinguished Lecturer, was named a Distinguished Member, and received SPE’s highest honor, SPE Honorary Member. Other SPE honors include the Distinguished Service Award, Lester C. Uren Award, Distinguished Achievement Award for Petroleum Engineering Faculty, Anthony
F. Lucas Gold Medal, DeGolyer Distinguished Service Medal, and the SPE Gulf Coast Distinguished Achievement Award for Petroleum Engineering Faculty.
Blasingame holds BS, MS, and PhD degrees in petroleum engineering from Texas A&M University.
What key issues will you emphasize as 2021 SPE President?
My goal as the 2021 SPE President is to symbolize encouragement and engagement, while also challenging every member to “increase their contribution” to SPE. I am not naïve, but I am sentimental; I know the power of encouragement and the value of character-driven leadership. My goal is to provide both.
Everyone has been asking me, what is your “theme?” My theme is “overall strategy” - survive/revive/thrive.
I have broken down the key issues as
2020-2021 Survive. Focus on what we have to do to survive.
2021-2022 Revive. Work to get back to normal.
2021-2022 Thrive. Do what we do best, and even better than before.
New Fracture Diagnostic Test Delivers Tight Reservoir Data in 2 Hours or Less, Bolsters Future of Engineered Completions
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: September 2020

One of the grand challenges facing the oil and gas industry’s global quest to improve the potential of tight reservoirs involves designing horizontal-well completions that match the often-complex heterogeneity of the target formations.
This sums up the general concept most call the “engineered completion.”
In theory, tailoring a stimulation job to the varying rock properties found along the lateral section of a horizontal wellbore should result in better production for less capital. In practice, the industry has never attempted to do this on a meaningful scale.
Among other reasons, the detailed subsurface data required to shake the bonds of geometric, or “cookie cutter,” designs have long been considered too costly to gather or too time-consuming to analyze.
A shift is underway though.
This is thanks in part to a number of innovations that have hit the market in recent years to meet rising demand for real-time completions-monitoring services. By interpreting pressure signals and other reservoir responses, the new tools aim to give operators the competency they need to adjust fracture designs as the stimulation progresses.
But there is another route to the engineered completion.
It begins before the well is hydraulically fractured. This effort to predetermine different fracture-stage designs has established its own distinct arena of innovation.
Behnam Zanganeh, a former research student at the University of Calgary, was part of a team that developed one of the latest approaches. It is notable in part because it requires no new technology - just new ways of thinking about some old ideas.
In a paper published last month during the virtual Unconventional Resources Technology Conference, Zanganeh and his fellow petrotechnical researchers showed how multiple points in a wellbore can be tested for different reservoir-quality parameters quickly and simply relative to traditional methods (URTeC 2838). This is done by combining and fundamentally altering a test known for being slow: the diagnostic fracture injection test (DFIT). The biggest change it calls for is to start flowback after the injection cycle for flowback analysis (FBA), thus eliminating the lengthy falloff cycle associated with the DFIT.
The paper outlines a validation study done with Sydney-based Origin Energy which used the blended DFIT-FBA method in a vertical open hole to test two previously untested horizons in the Beetaloo Basin, a frontier unconventional gas play in the center of Australia’s Northern Territory. The results were integrated into the models Origin ultimately used to select its landing target for its subsequent horizontal program.
The Spar Platform: A Design That Transformed Deepwater Development
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: September 2020

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 30709, “The Spar Platform: Transforming Deepwater Development,” by Anil Kumar Sablok and Tim Otis Weaver, TechnipFMC/Genesis, and John Edwin Halkyard, Deep Reach Technology, prepared for the 2020 Offshore Technology Conference, originally scheduled to be held in Houston, 4-7 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2020 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.
The spar is the only successful dry-tree solution for deepwater production that can operate successfully in the deepest fields and the most severe environments. Its deep draft results in natural periods outside the range of waves, which has led to its wide acceptance for different field scenarios. The complete paper is an extensive review of the evolution of spar designs, focusing on the progression of work that ultimately led to the application of a transformative concept to the oil industry.
Introduction
The spar can support a drilling rig as well as top-tensioned production risers in water depths thousands of feet greater than the water depth limit for a tension-leg platform (TLP). It is especially well equipped to support steel catenary risers (SCRs) using the pull-tube option, which allows the SCR to serve as a continuous welded steel containment for hydrocarbons from the seafloor to the topsides and protects the riser from vortex-induced vibration in the fastest part of the current profile. Broadly speaking, there are three configurations of spars: classic, truss, and cell, with the common feature being that the center of buoyancy is higher than center of gravity. Table 1 of the complete paper lists all oil and gas spar production platforms that have been installed at the time of writing, in chronological order of installation.
The complete paper devotes several pages to the spar’s initial development, including the crucial role of Edward Horton, the inventor and designer behind the spar production and storage concept and the TLP, and some of his colleagues. Years of development and navigation of various design challenges culminated in the installation of the Neptune spar in 1996 on time and budget. After the installation and success of Neptune, several other classic-design spars were implemented.
The riser system on the Neptune spar had two unique features: buoyancy cans provided the tension, and the riser passed through a point of high bending and potential wear at the keel. The keel joint was a straightforward design; a sleeve around the main riser pipe pro-vided wear protection and distributed the bending in the riser to two endpoints rather than at a single contact point.
Highly multiplexed quantifications of 299 somatic mutations in colorectal cancer patients by automated MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
Authors: Xu Chang , Peng Danli , Li Jialu , Chen Meihua , Hu Yujie , Hou Mingliang , Shang Qingjuan , Liang Qi , Li Jie , Li Wenfeng , Wu Xiaoli , Liu Changbao , Hu Wanle , Cai Mao , Zhang Huxiang , Chen Guorong , Yu Lingling , Zheng Xiaoqun , Jiang Feizhao , Luan Ju , Jin Shengnan , Ding Chunming 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Detection of somatic mutations in tumor tissues helps to understand tumor biology and guide treatment selection. Methods such as quantitative PCR can analyze a few mutations with high efficiency, while next generation sequencing (NGS) based methods can analyze hundreds to thousands of mutations. However, there is a lack of cost-effective method for quantitatively analyzing tens to a few hundred mutations of potential biological and clinical significance. Methods: Through a comprehensive database and literature review we selected 299 mutations associated with colorectal cancer. We then designed a highly multiplexed assay panel (8-wells covering 299 mutations in 109 genes) based on an automated MADLI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) platform. The multiplex panel was tested with a total of 319 freshly frozen tissues and 92 FFPE samples from 229 colorectal cancer patients, with 13 samples also analyzed by a targeted NGS method covering 532 genes. Results: Multiplex somatic mutation panel based on MALDI-TOF MS detected and quantified at least one somatic mutation in 142 patients, with KRAS, TP53 and APC being the most frequently mutated genes. Extensive validation by both capillary sequencing and targeted NGS demonstrated high accuracy of the multiplex MS assay. Out of 35 mutations tested with plasmid constructs, sensitivities of 5% and 10% mutant allele frequency were achieved for 19 and 16 mutations, respectively. Conclusions: Automated MALDI-TOF MS offers an efficient and cost-effective platform for highly multiplexed quantitation of 299 somatic mutations, which may be useful in studying the biological and clinical significance of somatic mutations with large numbers of cancer tissues.