bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction of raft cultivation of remotely sensed high-spatial-resolution images based on LBV and wavelet transforms
Authors: Wei Baoquan , Zhao Jianhua , Li Ying , Suo Anning 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A method to extract information on raft cultivation based on the LBV (The general radiance level L, visible-infrared radiation balance B, and band radiance variation vector V) transform and wavelet multi-scale decomposition was proposed. This paper selects the spectral information of typical objects and uses regression analysis to solve for the coefficients of regression. The LBV transformation of remotely sensed high-spatial-resolution imagery was derived according to the spatial characteristics of the object space, color space, and LBV variable space to obtain the B band that can be used to identify maritime targets. Multi-scale wavelet decomposition was then used to calculate the eigenvalues of the components of each sub-image by using different windows to analyze the texture features of the maritime objects, and to explore the rules of texture extraction of raft cultivation from high-spatial-resolution images. Experiments on remotely sensed ZY-3 images from Liandao Island show the following: (1) compared with the original image, the LBV-transformed image was clearer and finer details were visible in it. They helped identify and extract ground objects. (2) The eigenvalues extracted by wavelet decomposition were beneficial for the segmentation of the image. As the dimensionality of the eigenvalue increased, the accuracy of raft cultivation extraction showed an upward trend. (3) The proposed method is applicable to texture feature extraction owing to its clear rules and directionality.
Comparison to Changes of Lake Ice Phenology and Air Temperature over Northern Europe, Tibetan Plateau and Mongolian Plateau
Authors: Xingxing Wang , Yubao Qiu , Lemmetyinen Juha , Pengfei Xie , Cheng Bin , Wenshan Liang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Lake ice is a sensitive factor for the Earth’s environment and climate change research. In the comparative study on climate change to the Earth three-pole (Antarctic, Arctic, and Tibetan Plateau), the lake ice phenology can be used to represent seasonal climate changes. In this paper, the lake ice phenology and the corresponding daily temperature for 48 lakes in Northern Europe, Tibetan Plateau and Mongolia Plateau were used as the typical case for comparative research. Based on passive microwave remote sensing data. The results showed that the average lake ice cover duration experienced a consistent decreasing for the three regions from 1978-2018. However, in the northern Tibetan Plateau, though the lake ice cover duration showed a shortening trend from 1978 to 2000, it displayed a prolonged trend from 2000 to 2018. Moreover, the air temperature changes of the lake area had a significant correlation with the changes of ice cover duration in each region, and the change of 0 °C isotherm in the Northern Europe lakes are more sensitive than the Mongolian Plateau and the Tibetan Plateau. The air temperature played a major role in the change of lake ice phenology, but there were still other factors that affected the lake ice phenology changes, especially in northern Tibetan Plateau. By comparing the analysis of the ice cover duration in the three regions and the effect of air temperature on the lake ice cover duration change, it provides more evidences for the study on climate change research in different regions.
An Cnn-Based Operational Approach For Land Cover Mapping in China
Authors: Zhao Xuemei , Gao Lianru , Chen Zhengchao , Zhang Bing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
National land cover map with 30m resolution, an important database for studying the interaction between human and the environment, is a tedious work. The rise of deep learning technique provides a new idea for the work. This paper reports a novel method based on deep convolutional neural networks for the national land cover mapping task. The proposed method has four major parts: classification system, data sources, training samples selection, and training & inferencing. The produced deep learning (DL)-based land cover map is compared with two highly accepted land cover maps (the reference land cover map and the GLC30). Overall accuracies of GLC30 and DL-land cover map are 76.45% and 82.59% when considering the reference land cover map as the ground truth. Overall accuracies of the reference land cover map and the DL-land cover map are 74.25% and 78.87% when the GLC30 is treated as the ground truth.
Sugarcane Planting Area Classification, Extraction and Accuracy Comparison Based on Chinese High-Resolution Remote Sensing Satellite Data: A Case Study of Ningming Sugarcane Demonstration Area, Chongzuo City, Guangxi
Authors: Linjiang Lou , Chen Chen , Min Han , Xinyuan Gao , Kun Liu , Minmin Li 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Remote sensing techniques are effective in sugarcane extraction and monitoring, but most of the existing research is based on low- and medium-resolution image. Thus, the technical methodology for high-resolution image needs to be improved. Due to the good performances of deep learning algorithms in solving classification problems for the very high resolution (VHR) images, the target mask U-Net model is introduced to research VHR satellite data from China, i. e., the GaoFen-1 (GF-1), GaoFen-2 (GF-2) and ZiYuan-3 (ZY-3). First, a sugarcane area was classified and extracted in the Ningming Sugarcane Demonstration Area in Chongzuo City, Guangxi. Further, we validated and compared the extraction accuracies for different satellite data. The results showed that the extraction accuracies of the GF-1, GF-2 and ZY-3 were 79.97% (Kappa coefficient of 0.19), 94.02% (Kappa coefficient of 0.82) and 81.94% (Kappa coefficient of 0.35), respectively. The spectral and textural information of high-resolution images can effectively guarantee improvements to the accuracy of crop extraction. By comparison of data sources and traditional supervision classification methods, the GF-2 data features the best results for sugarcane extraction. The technical methods and experimental results in this paper not only confirm the feasibility of applying China’s VHR data to monitor sugarcane planting areas, but also provides reference for the relevant future studies.
Estimation of farmland evapotranspiration based on SEBAL model in Kai-Kong River Basin, Xinjiang
Authors: Mingxing Cha , Xiaoqin Wang , Yali Li , Pengxun Qiu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important reference for scientific management of farmland irrigation, accurate estimation of crop yields, and optimal allocation of water resources. The purpose of this paper is to estimate ET by taking the farmland of Kai-Kong River Basin in Xinjiang province as an example. The method was based on the SEBAL model and the Landsat data; it estimated the net radiation flux, soil heat flux using the land-surface parameters first, and the instantaneous evapotranspiration was then calculated using the energy residual method and the latent heat flux. The sinusoidal function method was used to extend the time scale of the instantaneous evapotranspiration to the daily evapotranspiration and the daily evapotranspiration were verified using the FAO56 Penman-Monteith formula. The compared results shown that the error of daily evapotranspiration between SEBAL and FAO56 Penman-Monteith is within 1mm, and except for the estimation accuracy of final growth stage is about 80%, the estimation accuracy of other growth stages are more than 80%. The SEBAL model, coupled with the Landsat remote sensing data, can offer an efficient and adequate alternative to estimate ET at catchment scale.
Effects of Prior Season Vaccination on Current Season Vaccine Effectiveness in the United States Flu Vaccine Effectiveness Network, 2012–2013 Through 2017–2018
Authors: Kim Sara S , Flannery Brendan , Foppa Ivo M , Chung Jessie R , Nowalk Mary Patricia , Zimmerman Richard K , Gaglani Manjusha , Monto Arnold S , Martin Emily T , Belongia Edward A , McLean Huong Q , Jackson Michael L , Jackson Lisa A , Patel Manish 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
We compared effects of prior vaccination and added or lost protection from current season vaccination among those previously vaccinated.

Methods
Our analysis included data from the US Flu Vaccine Effectiveness Network among participants ≥9 years old with acute respiratory illness from 2012–2013 through 2017–2018. Vaccine protection was estimated using multivariate logistic regression with an interaction term for effect of prior season vaccination on current season vaccine effectiveness. Models were adjusted for age, calendar time, high-risk status, site, and season for combined estimates. We estimated protection by combinations of current and prior vaccination compared to unvaccinated in both seasons or current vaccination among prior vaccinated.

Results
A total of 31 819 participants were included. Vaccine protection against any influenza averaged 42% (95% confidence interval [CI], 38%–47%) among those vaccinated only the current season, 37% (95% CI, 33–40) among those vaccinated both seasons, and 26% (95% CI, 18%–32%) among those vaccinated only the prior season, compared with participants vaccinated neither season. Current season vaccination reduced the odds of any influenza among patients unvaccinated the prior season by 42% (95% CI, 37%–46%), including 57%, 27%, and 55% against A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and influenza B, respectively. Among participants vaccinated the prior season, current season vaccination further reduced the odds of any influenza by 15% (95% CI, 7%–23%), including 29% against A(H1N1) and 26% against B viruses, but not against A(H3N2).

Conclusions
Our findings support Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations for annual influenza vaccination. Benefits of current season vaccination varied among participants with and without prior season vaccination, by virus type/subtype and season.
Incidence and Prevalence of Microscopic Colitis Between 2001 and 2016: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Weimers Petra , Ankersen Dorit Vedel , Lophaven Søren , Bonderup Ole Kristian , Münch Andreas , Løkkegaard Ellen Christine Leth , Burisch Johan , Munkholm Pia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Epidemiological studies suggest an increasing global incidence of microscopic colitis, including collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis. We aimed to investigate the incidence and prevalence of microscopic colitis in Denmark.

Methods
In a nationwide cohort study, we included all incident patients with a recorded diagnosis of collagenous colitis or lymphocytic colitis in the Danish Pathology Register between 2001 and 2016.

Results
A total of 14 302 patients with microscopic colitis—8437 [59%] with collagenous and 5865 [41%] with lymphocytic colitis—were identified during the study period. The prevalence in December 2016 was estimated to be 197.9 cases per 100 000 inhabitants. Microscopic colitis was more prevalent among females (n = 10 127 [71%]), with a mean annual incidence of 28.8, compared with 12.3 per 100 000 person-years among males. The overall mean incidence during the study period was 20.7 per 100 000 person-years. Mean age at time of diagnosis was 65 years (standard deviation [SD]:14) for microscopic colitis, 67 [SD:13] for collagenous colitis, and 63 [SD:15] for lymphocytic colitis. The overall incidence increased significantly from 2.3 cases in 2001 to 24.3 cases per 100 000 person-years in 2016. However, the highest observed incidence of microscopic colitis was 32.3 cases per 100 000 person-years in 2011. Large regional differences were found, with the highest incidence observed in the least populated region.

Conclusions
The incidence of microscopic colitis in Denmark has increased 10-fold during the past 15 years and has now surpassed that of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. However, incidence has stabilised since 2012, suggesting that a plateau has been reached.
Idiopathic endomyocardial fibrosis in a Western European: a case report
Authors: Théry Guillaume , Faroux Laurent , Deleuze Philippe , Metz Damien 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a rare cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy, mainly found in tropical/subtropical country. Endomyocardial fibrosis causes severe congestive symptoms and may lead to end-stage heart failure.

Case summary
A French Caucasian 44-year-old man without noticeable medical history and who had never travelled outside of France was hospitalized for a first episode of acute heart failure revealing an atypical appearance of the left ventricle. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) identified EMF, but investigations did not identify any aetiology (no eosinophilia). Despite optimal management of chronic heart failure, functional class declined rapidly resulting in several hospitalizations for heart failure. The patient finally underwent an elective heart transplantation with good results at 6-month follow-up.

Discussion
Endomyocardial fibrosis exact physiopathology remains unclear, although association with eosinophilia has been reported. Diagnosis is challenging and is based on multi-modal imagery with a central role of CMR. There is no consensus on optimal management, medical therapy having poor outcomes and rate of peri-operative complications being high. Heart transplantation should be considered for eligible patients.
Protestant Depopulation in County Longford during the Irish Revolution, 1911–1926
Authors: Coleman Marie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The experience of the Protestant minority in Ireland during the years of the Irish revolution has been the subject of much academic and popular debate in recent years. At issue is the extent to which the decline by one-third of the Protestant population of the Irish Free State between 1911 and 1926 was a result either of intimidation, sectarianism or ethnic cleansing during the revolution itself, or of more mundane factors such as long-term patterns of migration and low marriage and birth rates. Drawing upon digitised census returns and the rich detail contained in the records of the Church of Ireland, Presbyterian, and Methodist churches in County Longford, this article will show that the causes of depopulation are better understood when precise chronological, local, denominational and gender perspectives are brought to bear. It will argue for greater engagement with sociological literature to define more effectively the meaning of sectarianism in revolutionary Ireland. It will also invert the principal question of why the Protestants left and seek to explain why those who remained chose to do so. County Longford is chosen as a suitable case-study because it was affected by both long-term socio-economic factors and revolutionary violence, and the three Protestant denominations in the county have extensive archives which help to fill the gap in civil data occasioned by the absence of a census of population for fifteen years between 1911 and 1926. The article identifies dynamics present in Longford that can be explored in other regional contexts to achieve a wider national understanding of this demographic shift.
Ethanol and H2O2 stresses enhance lipid production in an oleaginous Rhodotorula toruloides thermotolerant mutant L1-1
Authors: Wu Chih-Chan , Ohashi Takao , Misaki Ryo , Limtong Savitree , Fujiyama Kazuhito 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Stress tolerance is a desired characteristic of yeast strains for industrial applications. Stress tolerance has been well described in Saccharomyces yeasts but has not yet been characterized in oleaginous Rhodotorula yeasts even though they are considered promising platforms for lipid production owing to their outstanding lipogenicity. In a previous study, the thermotolerant strain L1–1 was isolated from R. toruloides DMKU3-TK16 (formerly Rhodosporidium toruloides). In this study, we aimed to further examine the ability of this strain to tolerate other stresses and its lipid productivity under various stress conditions. We found that the L1–1 strain could tolerate not only thermal stress but also oxidative stress (ethanol and H2O2), osmotic stress (glucose) and a cell membrane disturbing reagent (DMSO). Our results also showed that the L1–1 strain exhibited enhanced ability to maintain ROS homeostasis, stronger cell wall strength and increased levels of unsaturated membrane lipids under various stresses. Moreover, we also demonstrated that ethanol-induced stress significantly increased the lipid productivity of the thermotolerant L1–1. The thermotolerant L1–1 was also found to produce a higher lipid titer under the dual ethanol-H2O2 stress than under non-stress conditions. This is the first report to indicate that ethanol stress can induce lipid production in an R. toruloides thermotolerant strain.
A homologous overexpression system to study roles of drug transporters in Candida glabrata
Authors: Kumari Sonam , Kumar Mohit , Khandelwal Nitesh Kumar , Pandey Ajay Kumar , Bhakt Priyanka , Kaur Rupinder , Prasad Rajendra , Gaur Naseem A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Considering the relevance of drug transporters belonging to ABC and MFS superfamilies in pathogenic Candida species, there has always been a need to have an overexpression system where these membrane proteins for functional analysis could be expressed in a homologous background. We could address this unmet need by constructing a highly drug-susceptible Candida glabrata strain deleted in seven dominant ABC transporters genes such as CgSNQ2, CgAUS1, CgCDR1, CgPDH1, CgYCF1, CgYBT1 and CgYOR1 and introduced a GOF mutation in transcription factor (TF) CgPDR1 leading to a hyper-activation of CgCDR1 locus. The expression system was validated by overexpressing four GFP tagged ABC (CgCDR1, CgPDH1, CaCDR1 and ScPDR5) and an MFS (CgFLR1) transporters genes facilitated by an engineered expression plasmid to integrate at the CgCDR1 locus. The properly expressed and localized transporters were fully functional, as was revealed by their several-fold increased drug resistance, growth kinetics, localization studies and efflux activities. The present homologous system will facilitate in determining the role of an individual transporter for its substrate specificity, drug efflux, pathogenicity and virulence traits without the interference of other major transporters.
Identification of 22 N-glycosites on spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 and accessible surface glycopeptide motifs: Implications for vaccination and antibody therapeutics
Authors: Zhou Dapeng , Tian Xiaoxu , Qi Ruibing , Peng Chao , Zhang Wen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Coronaviruses hijack human enzymes to assemble the sugar coat on their spike glycoproteins. The mechanisms by which human antibodies may recognize the antigenic viral peptide epitopes hidden by the sugar coat are unknown. Glycosylation by insect cells differs from the native form produced in human cells, but insect cell-derived influenza vaccines have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. In this study, we analyzed recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein secreted from BTI-Tn-5B1-4 insect cells, by trypsin and chymotrypsin digestion followed by mass spectrometry analysis. We acquired tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectrums for glycopeptides of all 22 predicted N-glycosylated sites. We further analyzed the surface accessibility of spike proteins according to cryogenic electron microscopy and homolog-modeled structures and available antibodies that bind to SARS-CoV-1. All 22 N-glycosylated sites of SARS-CoV-2 are modified by high-mannose N-glycans. MS/MS fragmentation clearly established the glycopeptide identities. Electron densities of glycans cover most of the spike receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, except YQAGSTPCNGVEGFNCYFPLQSYGFQPTNGVGYQ, similar to a region FSPDGKPCTPPALNCYWPLNDYGFYTTTGIGYQ in SARS-CoV-1. Other surface-exposed domains include those located on central helix, connecting region, heptad repeats and N-terminal domain. Because the majority of antibody paratopes bind to the peptide portion with or without sugar modification, we propose a snake-catching model for predicted paratopes: a minimal length of peptide is first clamped by a paratope and sugar modifications close to the peptide either strengthen or do not hinder the binding.
Illness representations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to inform health education strategies and research design—learning from rural Uganda
Authors: Nagourney Emily M , Robertson Nicole M , Rykiel Natalie , Siddharthan Trishul , Alupo Patricia , Encarnacion Marysol , Kirenga Bruce J , Kalyesubula Robert , Quaderi Shumonta A , Hurst John R , Checkley William , Pollard Suzanne L 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
More than 90% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries; however, few studies have examined the illness experiences of individuals living with and providing treatment for COPD in these settings. This study characterizes illness representations for COPD in Nakaseke, Uganda from the perspectives of health care providers, village health teams and community members (CMs) with COPD. We conducted 40 in-depth, semi-structured interviews (16 health care providers, 12 village health teams and 12 CMs, aged 25–80 years). Interviews were analyzed using inductive coding, and the Illness Representations Model guided our analysis. Stakeholder groups showed concordance in identifying causal mechanisms of COPD, but showed disagreement in reasons for care seeking behaviors and treatment preferences. CMs did not use a distinct label to differentiate COPD from other respiratory illnesses, and described both the physical and social consequences of COPD. Local representations can inform development of adapted educational and self-management tools for COPD.
The Greek Response to COVID-19: A True Success Story from an IBD Perspective
Authors: Bamias Giorgos , Lagou Styliani , Gizis Michalis , Karampekos George , Kyriakoulis Konstantinos G , Pontas Christos , Mantzaris Gerassimos J 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
After the first case of infection with the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, in China, an outbreak rapidly spread, finally evolving into a global pandemic. The new disease was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and by May 10, 2020, it has affected more than 4 million people worldwide and caused more than 270,000 deaths.

Methods
We describe the Greek experience regarding the response to COVID-19, with particular focus on 2 COVID-19 reference hospitals in the metropolitan area of Athens, the capital of Greece.

Results
The first case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Greece was reported on February 26, 2020, and prompted a decisive response from the Greek government. The primary focus was containment of virus spread, considering shortage of ICU beds. A general lockdown was implemented early on, and the national Health Care System underwent massive re-structuring. Our 2 gastrointestinal (GI) centers, which provide care for more than 1500 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, are located in hospitals that were transformed to COVID-19 reference centers. To maintain sufficient care for our patients, while also contributing to the fight against COVID-19, we undertook specific measures. These included provision of telemedicine services, electronic prescriptions and home delivery of medications, isolation of infusion units and IBD clinics in COVID-free zones of the hospitals, in addition to limiting endoscopies to emergencies only. Such practices allowed us to avoid interruption of appropriate therapies for IBD patients. In fact, within the SECURE-IBD database, there have been only 4 Greek IBD patients, to date, who have been reported as positive for SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion
Timely application of preventive measures and strict compliance to guidelines limited the spread of COVID-19 in Greece and minimally impacted our IBD community, without interfering with therapeutic management.