bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel complex ceramic oxides, Ln2TiO5 (Ln = La, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Yb), for polyphase nuclear waste‐forms
Authors: Aughterson Robert D. , Lumpkin Gregory R. , Smith Katherine L. , Cairney Julie M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs part of a broader study of ceramic nuclear waste‐forms, four different lanthanide titanates were fabricated; La0.1Sm0.1Gd0.1Tb0.1Dy0.3Ho0.1Er0.2YbTiO5, Sm0.3Gd0.3Dy0.3Yb1.1TiO5, Sm0.1Gd0.4Dy0.4Yb1.1TiO5, and Sm0.2Gd0.2Dy0.2Yb1.4TiO5. The aim was to produce single‐phase novel materials with cubic symmetry, capable of incorporating a wide variety of cations and with acceptable radiation tolerance. The chemistry flexibility and radiation tolerance are some of the major desirable properties for nuclear waste‐form materials. By using multiple lanthanides the average lanthanide radius can be controlled and consequently the structure, along with properties such as radiation tolerance. The radiation tolerance was assessed using in situ 1 MeV krypton irradiation and transmission electron microscopy characterization. Those materials for which cubic symmetry was achieved displayed better radiation tolerance; a greater critical fluence of ions (Fc) was required for the crystalline to amorphous transition, and a lower temperature was required to maintain crystallinity (Tc) during irradiation.
Bridging distance: Practical and pedagogical implications of virtual Makerspaces
Authors: Lock Jennifer , Redmond Petrea , Orwin Lindy , Powell Alwyn , Becker Sandra , Hollohan Paula , Johnson Carol 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMakerspaces are locations where people with common interests can work on projects, share ideas, tools and expertise to make or create. There is an abundance of “how to” guides and research studies on physical makerspaces, little research focuses on describing the virtual making processes and the experiences therein. This qualitative study explores the experiences of seven participants who engaged in a synchronous virtual makerspace. Meeting once a month over 16 weeks, members of the International Maker Educator Network participated in the making of a robot. This case study describes how the virtual making occurred, the personal experiences of the makers, technology used to support virtual making, and the affordances and inhibitors of virtual making. Data are analysed through the lens of a professional learning community and the People, Means and Activities makerspace framework. The paper concludes with implications for virtual making in practice and future research opportunities.
Guiding the use of collective feedback displayed on heatmaps to reduce group conformity and improve learning in Peer Instruction
Authors: Michinov Nicolas , Anquetil Éric , Michinov Estelle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPeer Instruction is an active learning method widely used in higher education, whereby students answer a series of questions twice, once before and once after peer discussion. There is an ongoing debate as to whether a collective feedback should be given after the students' initial answer, and if so, how the frequently observed group conformity can be avoided. This study examined whether guiding on the use of this feedback can reduce group conformity and improve learning using an interactive learning environment to administer a new type of quiz using graphics, and delivering collective feedback to the whole class in a novel heatmap format. In the experimental group, the teacher told the students that the answer indicated by the heatmap was not necessarily the correct one; this information was not given to students in the control group. Results revealed that guided students were less likely to adopt the (incorrect) majority answer than the non‐guided students, and consequently, they were more likely to improve their learning by reaching an agreement about the correct answer through discussion with their peers. These findings suggest that guiding students in their use of collective feedback may have a crucial role in Peer Instruction.
When to haggle, when to hold firm? Lessons from the used‐car retail market
Authors: Huang Guofang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThough haggling has been the conventional way for auto retailers to sell cars, the last two decades have witnessed the systematic adoption of no‐haggle prices by many large dealerships, including the largest new‐ and used‐car dealership chains. This paper develops a structural empirical model to estimate sellers' profits under posted price and haggling, and investigates how market conditions affect sellers' optimal pricing formats. The model incorporates a simple class of bargaining mechanisms into a standard random‐coefficient discrete‐choice model. With the extension, the product‐level demand system is estimated using data with only list prices, and the unobserved price discounts are also recovered in the estimation. The counterfactual experiments yield a few interesting findings. First, dealers' adopted pricing formats seem superior to the alternative ones. Second, dealers enjoying larger market power through vertical differentiation and carrying a large number of models are more likely to have posted price as their optimal pricing format.
Clinical profile of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in nonobese patients
Authors: Lum Johnathan Huey Ming , Cheah Mark Chang Chuen , Leow Wei Qiang , Wan Wei Keat , Lim Tony Kiat Hon , Chow Wan Cheng , Chang Jason Pik Eu , Goh George Boon Bee 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with metabolic syndrome. Worryingly, it has been increasingly reported among nonobese patients. This study aims to analyse patient characteristics of biopsy‐proven NAFLD in an Asian cohort and explore differences stratified by body mass index (BMI).MethodsClinical, laboratory, and histological data were collected from 263 adults with biopsy‐proven NAFLD. Patients with and without obesity (BMI cut‐off 25) were compared. The ability to predict advanced liver fibrosis with three non‐invasive scores, the NAFLD Fibrosis score (NFS), Fibrosis‐4 (FIB4), and the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), was compared.ResultsObese subjects had a lower mean age (49.5 ± 12.5 vs 54.0 ± 12.9 years, P = 0.017), a higher prevalence of diabetes (52.4% vs 36.8%, P = 0.037), and a higher waist circumference (113.9 ± 16.0 cm vs 87.0 ± 18.4 cm, P = 0.022). The prevalence of dyslipidaemia (68.0% vs 61.4%, P = 0.353) and hypertension (61.7% vs 49.1%, P = 0.190) was comparable between the two groups. The distribution of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (63.1% versus 61.4%, P = 0.710) and advanced fibrosis (31.6% versus 26.3%, P = 0.447) were also similar in both groups. All three non‐invasive scores (NFS, FIB4, and APRI) performed poorly in predicting advanced fibrosis in nonobese patients with NAFLD. The FIB4 was the most accurate non‐invasive score in predicting advanced fibrosis in the obese group.ConclusionsObese and nonobese patients are equally at risk of NASH and advanced fibrosis. While the FIB4 is the most accurate non‐invasive score in predicting advanced fibrosis among obese individuals, further research is warranted to develop a nonobese specific score to correctly identify nonobese NAFLD patients with advanced fibrosis.
Caregiver Preference for Tube Feeding in Community‐Dwelling Persons with Severe Dementia
Authors: Zain Zafirah , Mohamad Hazirah , Seow Dennis , Hum Yin Mei Allyn , Allen John Carson , Tong Ka‐Mun , Malhotra Rahul , Balasundaram Bharathi , Malhotra Chetna 
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUNDEvidence suggests that tube feeding persons with severe dementia (PWSDs) does not improve survival or quality of life, yet many continue to be tube fed. Reasons why caregivers choose to do so are not entirely understood.OBJECTIVETo understand what shapes caregiver preference toward nasogastric (NG) tube feeding for community‐dwelling PWSDs.DESIGNA qualitative study that employed semistructured interviews.SETTING AND SUBJECTSPrimary informal caregivers of community‐dwelling persons diagnosed with dementia Functional Assessment Staging Test (FAST) stage 7 in Singapore.METHODSCaregivers participated in qualitative in‐depth interviews during which their preferences toward NG tube feeding of PWSDs were explored. We used principles of reflexive thematic analysis to compare caregivers who expressed a preference for NG tube feeding with those who did not prefer it.RESULTSWe interviewed 27 caregivers of PWSDs. Most caregivers, 67% (n = 18), expressed a preference for tube feeding. We conceptualized four main themes describing what shapes caregiver preference toward NG tube feeding: (1) willingness to use tube feeding to prolong life at the expense of suffering, (2) deference to healthcare provider's (HCP’s) recommendation, (3) caregiver knowledge of alternatives to tube feeding, and (4) caregivers' internal and external conflicts.CONCLUSIONResults from this study highlight the need for new inclusive approaches to shared decision‐making between HCPs and caregivers regarding tube feeding for community‐dwelling PWSDs. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:2264–2269, 2020.
Circular economy finance: Clear winner or risky proposition?
Authors: Dewick Paul , Bengtsson Magnus , Cohen Maurie J. , Sarkis Joseph , Schröder Patrick 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA major shift in private and public investment is needed to forge a transition to a circular economy. A recent surge of activity from policy makers, the financial industry, and other stakeholders suggests commitment and progress toward providing resources to facilitate this process. In this forum article, we provide a measured, and in some respects critical and corrective, assessment of these developments. We highlight the riskthat progress toward a circular economy will be curtailed by strategic decisions based on contestable understanding, fuzzy indicators, and inadequate information. Before major industry actors implement international investment standards, launch innovative financing vehicles, and ramp up investment, we call for more effective oversight to prevent the circular economy from becoming yet another compromised and ultimately ineffectual sustainability concept.
The perceptions of translation apps for everyday health care in healthcare workers and older people: A multi‐method study
Authors: Panayiotou Anita , Hwang Kerry , Williams Sue , Chong Terence W. H. , LoGiudice Dina , Haralambous Betty , Lin Xiaoping , Zucchi Emiliano , Mascitti‐Meuter Monita , Goh Anita M. Y. , You Emily , Batchelor Frances 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesTo understand the attitudes and perceptions of older people with limited English proficiency (LEP) and healthcare workers to using mobile translation technology for overcoming language barriers in the healthcare setting.BackgroundAustralia's cohort of people aged 65 and over has a sizeable population with LEP. In healthcare settings, difficulties with communication may potentially result in inadequate care. Mobile language translation applications have been identified as a potential way to improve communication between patients and healthcare staff when used as an adjunct to professional interpreters in low‐risk scenarios; however, the perceptions of the use of mobile translation applications for such communication is unknown.MethodsA multi‐method design was used. Focus group discussions were conducted with older people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds and nursing and allied health professionals to understand their perceptions of translation technology. Qualitative data were analysed using inductive content analysis. Qualitative findings were reported using the Standards for Reporting of Qualitative Research (SRQR) checklist. Participants also appraised three existing translation apps via survey and results were analysed using descriptive statistics.ResultsOverall, older people from CALD backgrounds (n = 12) and healthcare staff (n = 17) agreed that translation technology could play a role in reducing communication barriers. There was enthusiasm amongst older people to learn and use the technology, while healthcare staff saw the potential to address communication barriers in their own work. Barriers identified by older people and healthcare staff included: accuracy of translation and phrases, possible technological learning curves, risk of mistranslation in high‐risk conversation and inability to check accuracy of translation. Fixed‐phrase translation apps were seen as more favourable than real‐time voice‐to‐voice mobile translation applications.ConclusionsOlder people from CALD backgrounds and healthcare staff were open to the use of mobile translation applications for everyday healthcare communications.Relevance to clinical practiceTranslation applications may have a role in reducing language barriers in everyday healthcare communication but context, accuracy and ease of use need to be considered.
The Appeal to Honour and the Decision for War
Authors: Archer Robin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe outbreak of the First World War is one of the great formative events of modern times. Yet during its centenary, there was surprisingly little attention to how uncertain entry into the war was in the English‐speaking world or how finely balanced the forces for and against intervention were. This article examines the role of appeals to honour in the decision for war. It begins by exploring the role of these appeals in convincing radical liberals to accept British intervention – something they had been successfully blocking just days earlier – before examining parallel appeals in the United States and Australia. It then considers why the language of honour was effective, and whether it still plays a role a century later, before concluding with some possible centennial lessons.
Common factors in the presentation and management of chronic temporomandibular disorders and chronic overlapping pain disorders
Authors: McCloy Karen , Peck Christopher 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe International Association for the Study of Pain has released a new classification scheme for chronic pain. This classification scheme describes chronic pain as either a symptom of a disease (chronic secondary pain) or the disease itself (chronic primary pain). Chronic temporomandibular disorders have many similarities to other proposed chronic overlapping pain disorders, but are classified and managed by dental practitioners as a localized pain condition of the orofacial region. We review the literature to describe the similarities between chronic temporomandibular disorders and chronic overlapping pain disorders, and discuss how this evolving concept may affect the way that dentists approach the diagnosis and management of chronic temporomandibular disorders.
Evolution of the Temperament Theory and Mental Attitude in Complete Denture Prosthodontics: From Hippocrates to M.M. House
Authors: Goodacre Charles J. , Naylor W. Patrick 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSome 2,500 years ago Hippocrates developed the “Temperament Theory” of the four humors (fluids) he identified as blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile which then led to the ancient medical concept known as "humorism.” In Greco‐Roman medicine, these humors were believed to be the influencers of an individual's relative wellness or ill‐health, served as a means to classify illnesses, and subsequently guided medical diagnosis and treatment. Centuries later modifications to Hippocrates’ hypothesis were suggested for use in dentistry when selecting denture teeth and later as a means to classify the mental status and personality of complete denture patients. This paper examines the historic transition of the terminology, characteristics, and thinking behind the four humors with mention of key thinkers in this journey. Of particular note is the evolution in the application of this theory from its suggested use in medicine, proposed by Hippocrates, to the descriptions of mental attitudes and personalities of complete denture patients first described by Neil and subsequently popularized by M. M. House.
Enhancing Care Coordination for Students with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Willgerodt Mayumi , Johnson Kathleen H , Helmer Cara 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDCare coordination for chronic health conditions is critical to academic success, yet concrete strategies on its operationalization in schools are not well reported in the literature. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one such condition that requires a team‐based approach to care coordination. The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of how care coordination for T1D currently operates and identify strategies for its support and facilitation in schools.METHODSFocus groups were conducted with school nurses, parents of T1D children, and providers in each of the 9 Educational Service Districts in Washington State. Recorded notes were analyzed using content analytic techniques.RESULTSFive major themes emerged from the data, each with 3 to 4 second‐order themes. Care coordination depended on family, school, and child developmental contexts, knowledge/experience about T1D among school nurses, teachers, parents, and providers, access and availability of team members, communication, and relationships.CONCLUSIONSFindings highlight the importance of a contextualized and holistic perspective of facilitators and barriers to care coordination in schools. Promoting the development of supportive relationships and effective team‐based approaches provides a foundation and informs intersectional care coordination for all children with chronic conditions.
Application of therapeutic plasma exchange in dogs with immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia
Authors: Kopecny Lucy , Palm Carrie A. , Naylor Sean , Kirby John , Cowgill Larry D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTherapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is an emerging treatment for dogs with immune‐mediated diseases, but reports for treatment of immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia (IMT) are lacking. These case reports illustrate the application of centrifugal TPE in 4 dogs with IMT. All dogs presented with severe hemorrhage requiring ≥1 blood transfusions, were unresponsive to conventional treatment or both. Dogs were treated with 3 sequential centrifugal TPE sessions, totaling 4.0 to 4.9 total plasma volumes exchanged per dog. In 3 dogs, TPE was associated with improvement in clinical manifestations of bleeding and platelet count in combination with immunosuppressive drugs. One dog was euthanized after 3 treatments because of persistent severe thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage. Preliminary observations indicate that TPE is safe and may be a useful adjunct in the management of IMT that is severe or refractory to traditional treatment.
Fungal endocarditis in transplant recipients: A systematic review
Authors: Ioannou Petros , Papakitsou Ioanna , Kofteridis Diamantis P. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBackgroundInvasive fungal infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients. Moreover, Fungal Infective Endocarditis (FIE) is a rare infection that carries a higher mortality than bacterial IE in normal host, while in transplant recipients may be even higher. The purpose of this study was to systemically review all published cases of FIE in solid organ and allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients, describe the epidemiology, microbiology, clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of these infections, and to identify risk factors for mortality by FIE.MethodsA systematic review of PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library (through 20 May 2020) for studies providing epidemiological, clinical, microbiological and treatment data and outcomes of FIE in transplant recipients was performed.ResultsA total of 60 studies, containing data of 72 patients, were included. The most common transplants were those of the kidney and the liver, while the commonest causative pathogen was Aspergillus. Mitral valve was the commonest infected intracardiac site, followed by mural endocardium. Diagnosis was made with transthoracic echocardiography in 44.3%, while the diagnosis was made at autopsy in 37.3%. Embolic phenomena were the commonest clinical presentation, followed by fever, heart failure and endophthalmitis. Amphotericin B, voriconazole and caspofungin were the commonest antifungals used for treatment of FIE. Clinical cure was noted in 26.9%, while overall mortality was 78.6%. Amphotericin B or caspofungin use was negatively associated with overall mortality.ConclusionsThis systematic review thoroughly describes IE in transplant recipients and provides information on epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes.
If you don't know that you know, you could be surprised
Authors: Pitcovski Eli , Spectre Levi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBefore the semester begins, a teacher tells his students: “There will be exactly one exam this semester. It will not take place on a day that is an immediate‐successor of a day that you are currently in a position to know is not the exam‐day”. Both the students and the teacher know – it is common knowledge – that no exam can be given on the first day of the semester. Since the teacher is truthful and reliable, it seems that the students can know that what he says is true. However, in that case, assuming the students can know that they know whatever it is they know (KK) and assuming their knowledge is closed under entailment (closure), the students can reason from what they know to the conclusion that no exam will take place during the semester. This conclusion contradicts what they supposedly know: that there will be an exam. This puzzle, we argue, gives rise to a new consideration for the rejection of KK. We discuss unique features of the argument, especially in comparison to Timothy Williamson's rejection of KK in light of other versions of the surprise exam paradox.
Creating novel specificities in a fungal nonself recognition system by single step homologous recombination events
Authors: Kämper Jörg , Friedrich Michael W. , Kahmann Regine 
Published: June 2020

Summary

In many organisms, two component systems have evolved to discriminate self from nonself. While the molecular function of the two components has been elucidated in several systems, the evolutionary events leading to the large number of different specificities for self–nonself recognition found in most systems remain obscure.

We have investigated the variation within a multiallelic nonself recognition system in the phytopathogenic basidiomycete Ustilago maydis by means of sequence analysis and functional studies.

The multiallelic b mating type locus of U. maydis ensures outbreeding during sexual development. Nonself recognition is specified by the two homeodomain proteins, bE and bW, encoded by the b locus. While bE–bW combinations from the same allele do not dimerize, bE and bW proteins originating from different alleles form a heterodimeric complex that functions as master regulator for sexual and pathogenic development.

We show that novel specificities of the b mating type locus have arisen by single homologous recombination events between distinct b alleles that lead to a simultaneous exchange of subdomains involved in dimerization in both bE and bW, altering the specificity of both proteins in a single step.