bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High expression of WTAP leads to poor prognosis of gastric cancer by influencing tumour‐associated T lymphocyte infiltration
Authors: Li Huafu , Su Qiao , Li Bo , Lan Linxiang , Wang Chunming , Li Wuguo , Wang Gangqiang , Chen Wei , He Yulong , Zhang Changhua 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundN6‐methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, a well‐known modification with new epigenetic functions, has been reported to participate in gastric cancer (GC) tumourigenesis, providing novel insights into the molecular pathogenesis of GC. However, the involvement of Wilms’ tumour 1‐associated protein (WTAP), a key component of m6A methylation, in GC progression is controversial. Here, we investigated the biological role and underlying mechanism of WTAP in GC.MethodsWe determined WTAP expression using tissue microarrays and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set, which was used to construct co‐expression networks by weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed by Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). CIBERSORT was used to determine WTAP expression in 22 immune cell types.ResultsWilms’ tumour 1‐associated protein was highly expressed in GC, which indicated a poor prognosis, and WTAP expression served as an independent predictor of GC survival. By WGCNA, GO, KEGG and core gene survival analyses, we found that high WTAP expression correlated with RNA methylation and that low expression correlated with a high T cell–related immune response. CIBERSORT was used to correlate low WTAP expression with T lymphocyte infiltration.ConclusionRNA methylation and lymphocyte infiltration are the main causes of high WTAP expression and poor prognosis, respectively.
LncRNA FTX activates FOXA2 expression to inhibit non–small‐cell lung cancer proliferation and metastasis
Authors: Jin Shidai , He Jing , Zhou Yue , Wu Deqin , Li Jun , Gao Wen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLung cancer leads to the highest mortality among all cancer types in the world, and non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) occupies over 80% of the lung cancer cases. Numerous studies have demonstrated that long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in various human diseases including cancer. LncRNA FTX was firstly identified in Xist gene locus and was dysregulated in many human cancers. However, the function of FTX in NSCLC is still unclear. Here, we report that long non‐coding RNA FTX expression level is down‐regulated in NSCLC clinical tissue samples and cell lines. Ectopic expression of FTX inhibits proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we find that FTX overexpression activates the expression of transcription factor FOXA2, an important regulator in lung cancer progression, and we reveal a novel FTX/miR‐200a‐3p/FOXA2 competing endogenous RNA regulatory axis in lung cancer cells. Our results provide new insights and directions for exploring the function of FTX in lung cancer progression.
Whole transcriptome expression profiles in placenta samples from women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tang Lei , Li Ping , Li Ling 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionNon‐coding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs) have recently been shown to be involved in various biological processes. However, most of these ncRNAs are of unknown function or without annotation. This study first investigated the whole transcriptome profiles of placentas to identify the potential functions that ncRNAs exerted in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Materials and MethodsSix placenta samples from healthy pregnant women (n = 3) and GDM (n = 3) were collected to analyze the whole transcriptome profiles by high‐throughput sequencing. Differentially expressed ncRNAs were further validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction on an independent set of normal (n = 20) and GDM (n = 20) placenta samples.ResultsA total of 2,817 microRNAs (miRNAs), 23,339 long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 9,513 circular RNAs (circRNAs) were identified. There were 290 differentially expressed ncRNAs in GDM placentas compared with the placentas of healthy pregnant women. Two miRNAs, 86 lncRNAs and 55 circRNAs were upregulated, while two miRNAs, 86 lncRNAs and 59 circRNAs were downregulated in GDM. The expression of the selected ncRNAs, which were further validated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, was consistent with the sequencing results. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the major targets of these ncRNAs were associated with insulin resistance, and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. A GDM‐related competing endogenous RNA network suggested the interactions between lncRNAs, circRNAs, messenger RNAs and miRNAs.ConclusionsThe whole transcriptome profiles significantly differed in GDM placentas compared with the placentas of healthy pregnant women, which might be valuable for detecting novel ncRNAs, and providing new research insights into exploring the pathogenic mechanisms of GDM.
State Variability in the Prevalence and Healthcare Utilization of Assisted Living Residents with Dementia
Authors: Thomas Kali S. , Zhang Wenhan , Cornell Portia Y. , Smith Lindsey , Kaskie Brian , Carder Paula C. 
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVESAlmost 1 million older and disabled adults who require long‐term care reside in assisted living (AL), approximately 40% of whom have a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). States vary in their regulations specific to dementia care that may influence the presence of residents with ADRD in AL and their outcomes. The objectives of this study were to describe the state variability in the prevalence of ADRD among Medicare beneficiaries residing in larger (25+ bed) ALs and their healthcare utilization.DESIGNRetrospective observational national study.PARTICIPANTSNational cohort of 293,336 Medicare fee‐for‐service enrollees residing in larger (25+ bed) ALs in 2016 and 2017 including 88,867 (30.3%) residents with ADRD. We compared this cohort's characteristics and healthcare utilization with that of individuals with ADRD who resided in nursing homes (NHs; n = 602,521) and the community (n = 2,074,420).METHODSMedicare enrollment data, claims, and the NH Minimum Data Set were used to describe differences among ADRD patients in AL, NHs, and the community. We present rates of NH admission and hospitalization, by state, adjusting for age, sex, race, dual eligibility, and chronic conditions.RESULTSThe prevalence of ADRD among AL residents varied by state, ranging from 24% to 47%. In 2017, AL residents with ADRD had higher rates of NH admission than their community‐dwelling counterparts (adjusted national average = 24%, ranging from 14% to 35% among states). AL residents with ADRD had higher rates of hospitalization (38%) than populations in either NHs (29%) or the community (34%), and ranged from 29% to 45% of residents among states.CONCLUSIONThese findings have implications for states as they regulate AL and for healthcare professionals whose patients reside in AL. Future work is needed to understand specific elements of states’ regulatory environments and local markets that may impact access and outcomes for this vulnerable population of residents with ADRD. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1504‐1511, 2020.
Haematological and biochemical parameters of wild capuchin monkeys in Brasília, Federal District—Brazil
Authors: Abreu Sousa Gabriel , Regina Paludo Giane , Simonini Teixeira Danilo , Morais Ribeiro Bergmann 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundWild capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus) usually are found in conserved forests near the zoo and the urban areas of Brasília city, Brazil. In this study, some capuchin monkeys were captured using traps, followed by safe biological procedures for their overall health analysis, based on specific haematological and biochemical tests of blood samples.MethodsBlood was collected from a total of 17 monkeys for the determination of parameters, namely packed cell volume (PCV), leucocytes, erythrocytes, platelets and triglycerides. Statistical analyses for average values, median, standard deviation and range were performed.ResultsThese parameters were set based on the minimum and maximum values obtained from the blood tests. Data are presented in tabulated form.ConclusionsCapture procedures were based on animal safety analysis for free‐living animals and would help future studies on wild animals. The collected samples used in this study suggested the animals to be apparently healthy in their habitat.
Mutations in the predicted DNA polymerase subunit POLD3 result in more rapid flowering of Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Woods Daniel P. , Dong Yinxin , Bouché Frédéric , Mayer Kevin , Varner Leah , Ream Thomas S. , Thrower Nicholas , Wilkerson Curtis , Cartwright Amy , Sibout Richard , Laudencia‐Chingcuanco Debbie , Vogel John , Amasino Richard M. 
Published: March 2020

Summary

The timing of reproduction is a critical developmental decision in the life cycle of many plant species.

Fine mapping of a rapid‐flowering mutant was done using whole‐genome sequence data from bulked DNA from a segregating F2 mapping populations. The causative mutation maps to a gene orthologous with the third subunit of DNA polymerase δ (POLD3), a previously uncharacterized gene in plants. Expression analyses of POLD3 were conducted via real time qPCR to determine when and in what tissues the gene is expressed.

To better understand the molecular basis of the rapid‐flowering phenotype, transcriptomic analyses were conducted in the mutant vs wild‐type. Consistent with the rapid‐flowering mutant phenotype, a range of genes involved in floral induction and flower development are upregulated in the mutant.

Our results provide the first characterization of the developmental and gene expression phenotypes that result from a lesion in POLD3 in plants.
Childbearing in Italy and Spain: Postponement Narratives
Authors: Lebano Adele , Jamieson Lynn 
Published: March 2020

AbstractItaly and Spain are extreme cases of low fertility linked to postponement of childbearing. Demographers continue to debate causes of postponement. This qualitative study was designed to contribute, by purposively selecting Italian and Spanish women in different socio‐economic circumstances who are partnered, childless and aged 30 to 35. Most want children but “not now” or are deferring the decision whether to have children. Their different circumstances inflect explanations of postponement in a language of choice, either “taking time” to achieve other goals or “holding on” for conditions to change. They are encouraged to postpone by optimism about their capacity to conceive, flexible norms about “the right age,” prolonged dependence on their parents, the normative salience of “total motherhood,” and family‐unfriendly, gender‐unequal workplaces. Elements of competing demographic theories often coexist in interviewees' accounts. The “desires‐intentions gap” does not always capture their flow or complexity.
Putrescine metabolism modulates the biphasic effects of brassinosteroids on canola and Arabidopsis salt tolerance
Authors: Liu Jinlong , Yang Rongchen , Jian Ni , Wei Long , Ye Liaoliao , Wang Ruihua , Gao Huiling , Zheng Qingsong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBrassinosteroids (BRs) are known to improve salt tolerance of plants, but not in all situations. Here, we show that a certain concentration of 24‐epibrassinolide (EBL), an active BR, can promote the tolerance of canola under high‐salt stress, but the same concentration is disadvantageous under low‐salt stress. We define this phenomenon as hormonal stress‐level‐dependent biphasic (SLDB) effects. The SLDB effects of EBL on salt tolerance in canola are closely related to H2O2 accumulation, which is regulated by polyamine metabolism, especially putrescine (Put) oxidation. The inhibition of EBL on canola under low‐salt stress can be ameliorated by repressing Put biosynthesis or diamine oxidase activity to reduce H2O2 production. Genetic and phenotypic results of bri1‐9, bak1, bes1‐D, and bzr1‐1D mutants and overexpression lines of BRI1 and BAK1 in Arabidopsis indicate that a proper enhancement of BR signaling benefits plants in countering salt stress, whereas excessive enhancement is just as harmful as a deficiency. These results highlight the involvement of crosstalk between BR signaling and Put metabolism in H2O2 accumulation, which underlies the dual role of BR in plant salt tolerance.
Suicide Ideation Among Male Prisoners: Preliminary Evidence That Psychopathic Traits are Indirectly Linked to Suicide Ideation Through Thwarted Interpersonal Needs
Authors: Dhingra Katie , Mitchell Sean M. , Davies Bill , Anestis Michael D. , Anestis Joye C. 
Published: March 2020

BackgroundThe relation between psychopathic traits and suicide ideation (SI) is frequently discussed but little research has examined potential mechanisms underlying this association. The interpersonal theory of suicide (ITS) proposes two mechanisms in the pathogenesis of suicidal desire: thwarted belongingness (TB) and perceived burdensomeness (PB). This study cross‐sectionally tested TB and PB as possible explanatory links in the relation between psychopathic traits and SI.MethodArchival data from 784 male U.K. prisoners (Mage = 37.21, SD = 9.97) were analyzed using structural equation modeling.ResultsPsychopathic traits were indirectly associated with SI through more specific suicide‐promoting processes – namely TB and PB. More specifically, results indicated that Egocentricity and Stimulus Seeking were indirectly associated with SI through PB and TB in combination. However, results indicated specific indirect effects of TB in the relations between the Antisocial Behavior, Egocentricity, and Stimulus Seeking facets, and SI, whereas specific indirect effects for PB were only significant in the relations between Egocentricity and Stimulus Seeking facets and SI.ConclusionPreliminary results are consistent with the ITS and suggest that psychopathic traits may be distal risk markers for SI and provide direction for future research that could inform suicide prevention efforts among male prisoners high in such traits.
Education leads to a more physically active lifestyle: Evidence based on Mendelian randomization
Authors: Kari Jaana T. , Viinikainen Jutta , Böckerman Petri , Tammelin Tuija H. , Pitkänen Niina , Lehtimäki Terho , Pahkala Katja , Hirvensalo Mirja , Raitakari Olli T. , Pehkonen Jaakko 
Published: March 2020

Physical inactivity is a major health risk worldwide. Observational studies suggest that higher education is positively related to physical activity, but it is not clear whether this relationship constitutes a causal effect. Using participants (N = 1651) drawn from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study linked to nationwide administrative data from Statistics Finland, this study examined whether educational attainment, measured by years of education, is related to adulthood physical activity in terms of overall physical activity, weekly hours of intensive activity, total steps per day, and aerobic steps per day. We employed ordinary least squares (OLS) models and extended the analysis using an instrumental variables approach (Mendelian randomization, MR) with a genetic risk score as an instrument for years of education. Based on the MR results, it was found that years of education is positively related to physical activity. On average, one additional year of education leads to a 0.62‐unit higher overall physical activity (P < .01), 0.26 more hours of weekly intensive activity (P < .05), 560 more steps per day (P < .10), and 390 more aerobic steps per day (P < .09). The findings indicate that education may be a factor leading to higher leisure‐time physical activity and thus promoting global health.
Seismological constraints on the 2018 Mt. Etna (Italy) flank eruption and implications for the flank dynamics of the volcano
Authors: Alparone Salvatore , Barberi Graziella , Giampiccolo Elisabetta , Maiolino Vincenza , Mostaccio Antonino , Musumeci Carla , Scaltrito Antonio , Scarfì Luciano , Tuvè Tiziana , Ursino Andrea 
Published: March 2020

Abstract3D earthquake locations, focal mechanisms and stress tensor distribution in a 16‐month interval covering the 2018 Mt. Etna flank eruption, enabled us to investigate the relationship between magma intrusion and structural response of the volcano and shed light on the dynamic processes affecting the instability of Mt. Etna. The magma intrusion likely caused tension in the flanks of the volcano, leading to significant ground deformation and redistribution of stress on the neighbouring faults at the edge of Mt. Etna's unstable sector, encouraging the ESE sliding of the eastern flank of the volcano. Accordingly, FPSs of the post‐eruptive events show strike slip faulting mechanisms, under a stress regime characterized by a maximum compressive σ1, NE‐SW oriented. In this perspective, any flank eruption could temporarily enhance the sliding process of both the southern and eastern flanks of the volcano.
The strategic use of translingual resources in Inner Circle academic settings
Authors: Rincon‐Mendoza Lupe , Canagarajah Suresh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractStandardized American English is treated as normative for US academic interactions. However, international scholars use translingual practices effectively to negotiate academic relationships and practices. In a sequential analysis of research group meetings (RGMs), we show the importance of spatial repertoires in stance negotiations to understand how normative English is renegotiated in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) mentoring interactions. The strategic use of spatial repertoires by an international scholar demonstrates the competence he brings for effective stancetaking in academic communication, belying his classification as lacking proficiency in academic English. Our findings highlight the deft negotiations of power through the scholar's orientations towards verbal and semiotic resources in interpersonal stances. We show that regardless of institutional hierarchies, positions taken by senior and novice scholars reflect the fluidity in knowledge and expertise in STEM. The use of spatial repertoires mediates the negotiation of these relationships and language norms.
Quantitative Investigation of Spray Characteristics of Unique Diesel Injector Tips
Authors: Blobaum Erica L. , Ciatti Stephen A. , Foster David E. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
A quantitative study of diesel fuel injection was conducted to investigate minute differences in spray plume development from several unique injector tips. In this study, a set of six eight-hole injector tips was assessed to evaluate distinguishable spray characteristics. The tips have known variability in soot and NOx data during in-engine testing. A spray fixture was constructed with a cam-pressurized electronic unit injector and a 5.1L, nitrogen-pressurized spray chamber. Injection conditions such as injection timing and duration were experimentally controlled to replicate actual engine load conditions. A copper-vapor laser illuminated the fuel spray, and a high-speed digital camera was timed to capture the injection events.
Digital analysis of the spray images produced quantified penetration length, cone angle, and two-dimensional area data as a function of crank angle. The first five observed spray images (up to a spray radius of approximately 6 cm) of each injection event are presented.
Initial qualitative analysis of the spray images indicated clear and repeatable asymmetries, as well as plume development differences between the injector tips. These observations suggest that early penetration length measurements may be indicative of emissions trends. It is assumed that variations in spray shapes can be correlated to NOx and soot data. The level of these differences, however, is minute, suggesting that detailed characterization strategies must be implemented to detect the spray patterns that are most influential to engine emissions.
A Study of the Effects of Radiation on Pollutant Emissions in Direct Injection Engines
Authors: Brahma Indranil , Zhu Xuelei , Frankel Steven H. , Gore Jay P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The laminar flamelet combustion model was used to study the effects of radiation on chemistry in a direct injection engine. A two dimensional axisymmetric engine code with a simple mixing length turbulence model was used. Four state relationships for different conditions were obtained from laminar opposed flow diffusion flame calculations by considering gas and soot radiation heat loss using detailed gas and global soot kinetics. The effects of radiation on pollutant emissions were studied by using the four state relationships in the engine calculations.
Experimental Investigation of a Direct Injection Diesel Injector in a Constant Volume Injection Chamber
Authors: Stephens John J. , Martin Glen C. , Lee Chia-fon F. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
In an optically accessible, constant volume, quiescent injection cell, the liquid phase of a non-evaporating direct injection spray was visualized using the Exciplex Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence technique. The goal of this work was to develop a correlation for the effect of ambient density on spray tip penetration. Therefore, an experimental test matrix was set up with injection pressure and ambient density as the variables. Good optical access and a short visualization pathway allowed for high-resolution images to be recorded simultaneously via two CCD cameras. Images were recorded at various timings to temporally resolve the spray. A correlation was developed and the results show a strong dependence of spray tip penetration on ambient density.
Turbocharging a Medium Speed Diesel Engine to Suit Different Applications
Authors: Ludu Andrei , Athenstaedt Gernot , Dexter Stephen G. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The turbocharger match plays a key role for a successfully developed engine. Properly matched turbochargers ensure a good gas exchange, the right air flow rates, and air-fuel ratios as required for the combustion fine tuning.
AVL LIST GmbH in Graz, Austria, starting from a blank computer display, designed, developed and tested a medium speed diesel engine to cover three applications: power generation, marine propulsion and drilling rig drive. The 12 cylinder vee engine has 2370 HP rated power at 1500 rpm rated engine speed. For the drilling rig drive application 8% torque backup at low engine speed is available.
The turbocharging challenge was to specify a turbocharger to suit all three applications. Thus, the turbocharger operation ranged from the constant engine speed operation for power generation, to variable engine speed operation for marine propulsion and with torque backup for the drilling rig drive application.
The paper reports test results which demonstrate that AVL could match the engine over a wide application range. The engine performance and system layout calculations performed prior to testing were validated by tests. The engine performance software used is presented. A special emphasis is placed on the implementation, operation and impact of a bypass and waste-gate system as an aid to match the turbocharger for the engine operation with torque back-up.