bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracellular Galectin-9 Enhances Proximal TCR Signaling and Potentiates Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Chen Heng-Yi , Wu Yen-Fei , Chou Feng-Cheng , Wu Yu-Hsuan , Yeh Li-Tzu , Lin Kuo-I , Liu Fu-Tong , Sytwu Huey-Kang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Galectin-9 is a risk gene in inflammatory bowel disease. By transcriptomic analyses of ileal biopsies and PBMCs from inflammatory bowel disease patients, we identified a positive correlation between galectin-9 expression and colitis severity. We observed that galectin-9–deficient T cells were less able to induce T cell–mediated colitis. However, several mouse-based studies reported that galectin-9 treatment induces T cell apoptosis and ameliorates autoimmune diseases in an exogenously modulated manner, indicating a complicated regulation of galectin-9 in T cells. We found that galectin-9 is expressed mainly inside T cells, and its secreted form is barely detected under physiological conditions. Endogenous galectin-9 was recruited to immune synapses upon T cell activation. Moreover, proximal TCR signaling was impaired in galectin-9–deficient T cells, and proliferation of these cells was decreased through an intracellularly modulated manner. Th17 cell differentiation was downregulated in galectin-9–deficient T cells, and this impairment can be rescued by strong TCR signaling. Taken together, these findings suggest that intracellular galectin-9 is a positive regulator of T cell activation and modulates the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
“When the Sun goes down”: melopeia e transcriação em On the Road de Jack Kerouac
Authors: Junkes Diana , Rezende Luiz Carlos De Brito , Campos Ivan Pérsio de Arruda 
Published: January 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma transcriação eficaz do parágrafo final de On the road de Jack Kerouac, que recupere a melopeia presente no original, mas usualmente desconsiderada ou não percebida em muitas das traduções desse texto para outras línguas. Mobilizam-se aqui, para fazê-lo, as contribuições à teoria da tradução oferecidas por Haroldo de Campos em inúmeros artigos, ensaios e conferências, ao longo de quarenta anos. Após breve apresentação do livro, o artigo faz um surveyconceitual do pensamento haroldiano sobre a tradução, em seguida propõe a transcriação do trecho da obra de Kerouac referido acima, com ênfase no trabalho recriador, e cotejando as soluções propostas para o fragmento com traduções para o português feitas em Portugal e no Brasil, expandindo-se a seguir o âmbito da comparação para incluir o francês, oespanhol e o italiano. É digno de nota que, dentre essas traduções, apena a italiana demonstra um esforço bem sucedido de recuperação melopáica.
CARRIÓ-PASTOR, María Luisa (Ed.). Technology Implementation Second Language Teaching and Translation Studies: New Tools, New Approaches. Valencia: Springer Science And Business Media Singapore, 2016. 256 p. (New Frontiers in Translation Studies)
Authors: Montenegro Freire Francisco Allan 
Published: January 2020

Esta resenha é sobre o livro Technology Implementation Second Language Teaching and Translation Studies: New Tools, New Approaches, voltado para tradutores do ensino superior, professores de línguas e formadores de tradutores. A obra apresenta pesquisas experimentais em salas de aula, orientando e refletindo sobre o uso da tecnologia no ensino e tradução de determinado idioma, evidenciando que o uso de novas abordagens e ferramentas faz parte importante do ensino de línguas, especialmente no ensino superior onde se desenvolvem diversas competências e habilidades. Ao longo de treze capítulos, é evidenciado que a abordagem do uso das tecnologias no ensino está em contínua evolução, sendo movido pelo interesse de professores cientes dos métodos aplicados e da vontade de melhorar a maneira de ensinar, sempre tendo como base o desenvolvimento de conhecimento em si.
Avances sobre la obtención de un producto de acción anabólica de un cultivo de Paramecium Caudatum
Authors: García Javier Urrutia 
Published: January 2020

El presente trabajo pretende presentar un avance sobre la obtención de un producto de biosíntesis de un cultivo de Paramecium caudatum, su caracterización cristalográfica y su caracterización física. Este trabajo hace referencia al procedimiento de colección de las muestras, el transporte, el cultivo, la identificación de la diversidad celular incluyendo a individuos del genero Paramecium, su alimentación con Sacharomyces cerevisiae, el conteo diario del cultivo, su exposición a crioterapia, la obtención de la sustancia cristaloide, su caracterización cristalográfica, su caracterización física, y su caracterización química. Con cuyo proceso se pretende dejar establecido el método de obtención de una sustancia que por sus efectos pudiera desarrollarse como posible fármaco, dadas sus propiedades anabólicas en plantas y animales; el cual servirá como material de investigación en futuras pruebas biológicas. La importancia del cultivo de Paramecium caudatum, se presentó en el antepasado congreso de investigación e innovación, donde se expuso la utilidad de la técnica de cultivo de Paramecium caudatum usando como alimento Sacharomyces cerevisiae. Mencionándose que dicho cultivo podía ser utilizado para alimentar los alevines en los acuarios. En esta ocasión se destaca la importancia del cultivo de Paramecium caudatum como fuente de obtención de un principio activo obtenido por biosíntesis al someter dicho cultivo a un proceso de enfriamiento.
Dependência do exercício e traços da imagem corporal em graduandos militares em educação física
Authors: Martins Yuri Mello , Oliveira Gleywson Marcelo Lins de , Silveira Alex Silva da , Farias Emanuel da Silva , Melo Samuel Ricardo Milagres , Cardoso Júnior Wanderley Amoêdo , Neves Angela NOGUEIRA 
Published: January 2020

A dependência do exercício se caracteriza pela ânsia em praticar exercício físico no tempo livre – seja como parte de um outro transtorno seja como fim em si mesmo, que resulta em um comprometimento emocional e de tempo destinado a essa prática. Tanto a dependência do exercício primária e secundária parece ter impacto na imagem corporal. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a associação e similaridade da dependência do exercício com dos traços da imagem corporal entre estudantes brasileiros militares de educação física. Participaram do estudo 45 alunos do Curso de Instrutor de Educação Física da Escola de Educação Física do Exército, todos homens. As versões brasileiras da Exercise Dependence Scale, Swansea Muscularity Attitudes Questionnaire, Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale, Social Physicque Anxiety Scale e Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale foram voluntariamente respondidos pelos participantes no início do curso. Em torno de 70% da amostra foi caracterizada como risco de não dependência sintomática e 18% em risco de dismorfia muscular. Os sintomas de dependência do exercício parecem ser primários, não fazendo parte da dismorfia muscular A análise de cluster indicou 5 grupos de fatores semelhantes, em dois deles agregam-se somente fatores de dismorfia muscular e drive for muscularity, em outro fatores da dependência do exercício e condicionamento físico e nos outros dois traço de dependência do exercício, ansiedade físico social e perfeccionismo. Apenas o fator tolerância da dependência do exercício não se associa a qualquer traço a imagem corporal e o fator checagem da escala de dismorfia muscular foi aquele mais associado a mais fatores de dependência do exercício. Esperamos que esta pesquisa possa subsidiar outras pesquisas longitudinais, experimentais e estudos transculturais
Permutation-based methods for mediation analysis in studies with small sample sizes
Authors: Kroehl Miranda E. , Lutz Sharon , Wagner Brandie D. 
Published: January 2020

Background
Mediation analysis can be used to evaluate the effect of an exposure on an outcome acting through an intermediate variable or mediator. For studies with small sample sizes, permutation testing may be useful in evaluating the indirect effect (i.e., the effect of exposure on the outcome through the mediator) while maintaining the appropriate type I error rate. For mediation analysis in studies with small sample sizes, existing permutation testing methods permute the residuals under the full or alternative model, but have not been evaluated under situations where covariates are included. In this article, we consider and evaluate two additional permutation approaches for testing the indirect effect in mediation analysis based on permutating the residuals under the reduced or null model which allows for the inclusion of covariates.

Methods
Simulation studies were used to empirically evaluate the behavior of these two additional approaches: (1) the permutation test of the Indirect Effect under Reduced Models (IERM) and (2) the Permutation Supremum test under Reduced Models (PSRM). The performance of these methods was compared to the standard permutation approach for mediation analysis, the permutation test of the Indirect Effect under Full Models (IEFM). We evaluated the type 1 error rates and power of these methods in the presence of covariates since mediation analysis assumes no unmeasured confounders of the exposure–mediator–outcome relationships.

Results
The proposed PSRM approach maintained type I error rates below nominal levels under all conditions, while the proposed IERM approach exhibited grossly inflated type I rates in many conditions and the standard IEFM exhibited inflated type I error rates under a small number of conditions. Power did not differ substantially between the proposed PSRM approach and the standard IEFM approach.

Conclusions
The proposed PSRM approach is recommended over the existing IEFM approach for mediation analysis in studies with small sample sizes.
Differential Response of Cotton Growth, Yield and Fiber Quality to Foliar Application of Spirulina platensis and Urea Fertilizer
Authors: G. Yanni Youssef , A. Elashmouny Amany , Y. Elsadany Abdelgawad 
Published: January 2020

Aims: Evaluation if foliar spray of destructed cells of Spirulina platensis along with urea fertilizer can contribute to cotton (Gossypium barbadense L. cultivar Giza-94) plant growth, contents of photosynthetic pigments, seed cotton yield, seed index, earliness, lint percent, fineness (Micronair) and strength (Pressely).
Study Design: Application of ascending rates of N fertilizer in 3 mainplot treatments and foliar spray with destructed cells of Spirulina platensis in 4 subplot treatments (Contained a non-treated control), with 3 replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The Departments of Microbiology and Cotton Research, Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt (31º18′30″N & 30º48′14″E) during the two cotton cultivation seasons of years 2016 and 2017.
Methodology: Urea (46% N) at 96, 144 or 192 kg N/ha was applied in two equal doses as main-plot treatments. Spirulina platensis was grown and total proteins, contents of 16 amino acids and Fe, K, Mn and P of dried destructed cells were determined and used for foliar application in the rates of 6, 12 or 18 g cells/ha, used as sub-plot treatments. Area of each replicated sub-plot was 12.5 m2. Calcium super phosphate (15% P2O5), potassium sulphate (48% K2O) and Insecticides (when necessary) were supplemented as common treatments.
Results: Application of destructed Spirulina increased the plant leaf area, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids and gibberellin contents, plant height, fruiting branches, open bolls/plant, seed cotton yield and seed index after ginning, fiber length, fineness (Micronair) and strength (Pressely) comparing to the corresponding non-sprayed plants. Urea at 192 kg N/ha along with destructed Spirulina exhibited superiority as enhancers of plant growth, yield and fiber qualities.
Conclusion: The dual N/Spirulina combination expressed enhanced cotton growth, yield and qualities of fibers. The tested fertilization strategy is promising for enhanced cotton production economy.
Effect of Amending Acid Oxisols Using Basalt Dust, Tithonia diversifolia Powder and NPK 20-10-10 on Garlic (Allium sativum) Production in Bafut (Cameroon Volcanic Line)
Authors: Tamfuh Primus Azinwi , Wotchoko Pierre , Chotangui Asafor Henry , Magha Alice , Nono Djibril Gus Kouankap , Peghetmo Monique Njoya Mot , Nkouathio David Guimolaire , Bitom Dieudonné 
Published: January 2020

Aims: To compare the effects of basalt dust, Tithonia diversifolia (T. diversifolia) powder and NPK 20-10-10 on the growth and production of Garlic (Allium sativum, softneck variety) in Bafut (Cameroon Volcanic Line).
Study Design: A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in the field was used. The treatments were T0 (control), T1 (0.7 tons ha-1 NPK 20-10-10), T2 (0.4 tons ha-1 basalt), T3 (0.6 tons ha-1 basalt) and T4 (0.5 tons ha-1 T. diversifolia powder).
Place and Duration of Study: The study conducted in Bafut (Cameroon) from 2nd August 2017 to 24th February 2018.
Methodology: Fieldwork involved land preparation, planting and collection of growth and yield parameters as well as rocks and soil sampling. Laboratory work involved soil physicochemical analysis and cutting of rock thin sections for microscopic observations. The plant data were subjected to statistical and economic analyses.
Results: The control soil (T0) showed a sandy clayey loamy texture, acidic pH (5.1), very high organic carbon (6.4%), low total nitrogen (0.2%) and moderate available phosphorus (19.42 mg kg-1). The exchangeable complex revealed high K+ (0.88 cmol (+).kg-1), very low Ca2+ (0.63 cmol (+).kg-1) and Mg2+ (0.21 cmol (+).kg-1), low Na+ (0.07 cmol (+). kg-1), very low sum of exchangeable bases (1.79 cmol (+).kg-1), moderate cation exchange capacity (CEC) (22.7 cmol (+). kg-1) and a very low base saturation (7.88%). C/N ratio was very high (35>17) indicating very poor quality organic matter and a potentially very slow mineralization rate. Growth and yield parameters, except fruit number, were such that T2>T3>T4>T1>T0. T2, T3 and T4 plants gave high yields while T1 recorded the lowest yields below the control. The net yield showed that T3>T4>T2>T0>T1 suggesting that basalt dust and T. diversifolia powder improved soil fertility that in turn boosted yields. Economically, T1 had a BCR (benefit-to-cost ratio)<1 indicative of no profit, while T2, T3 and T4 showed a BCR>2 indicating more than 100% profit of the investment and a possibility of popularization of these treatments.
Conclusion: Natural basalt dust and T. diversifolia powder treatments gave better garlic yields indicating a better soil fertilizing capacity compared to synthetic NPK 20-10-10. Basalt dust and T. diversifolia can be popularized to local inhabitants.
Assessment of a Serologic Diagnostic Test and Kinetics of Antibody Development in Northern Pike Experimentally Infected with Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus
Authors: Thiel Whitney A. , Toohey-Kurth Kathy L. , Baker Bridget B. , Finley Megan , Goldberg Tony L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is an ongoing cause of disease and mortality in freshwater fishes across the Great Lakes region of the Midwestern United States. Antibody detection assays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are nonlethal serological methods that can have significantly shorter turnaround times than the current validated viral detection diagnostic methodology for VHSV: cell culture with confirmation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This study evaluated an ELISA that detects nonneutralizing antinucleocapsid antibodies to VHSV in Northern Pike Esox lucius. Juvenile Northern Pike were experimentally infected with VHSV by intraperitoneal injection. The infected fish were monitored for 12 weeks for signs of disease, and weekly serum samples were obtained. An analysis of the survival data showed that mortality occurred significantly more quickly in inoculated fish than in control fish. Fish that were infected by injection showed a significant increase in antibody response by 2 weeks postinfection. However, variation in the rate and pattern of antibody response among the infected fish was high at any given point. The optimum window for detecting antibodies in Northern Pike is 2–12 weeks postinfection, which generally follows the median time to appearance of clinical signs (21 d postinfection). The receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed the ELISA to have a sensitivity of 80.5% and a specificity of 63.2% in Northern Pike, but these values can be adjusted by choosing different percent inhibition cutoffs, which may facilitate the use of the test for specific management goals. The results of this study offer insights into the disease progression and immune kinetics of VHSV, including interindividual variation, which will aid in the management of this economically important virus.
3D Printed High‐Loading Lithium‐Sulfur Battery Toward Wearable Energy Storage
Authors: Chen Chenglong , Jiang Jiangmin , He Wenjie , Lei Wu , Hao Qingli , Zhang Xiaogang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWearable electronic devices are the new darling of consumer electronics, and energy storage devices are an important part of them. Here, a wearable lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) bracelet battery using three‐dimensional (3D) printing technology (additive manufacturing) is designed and manufactured for the first time. The bracelet battery can be easily worn to power the wearable device. The “additive” manufacturing characteristic of 3D printing provides excellent controllability of the electrode thickness with much simplified process in a cost‐effective manner. Due to the conductive 3D skeleton providing interpenetrating transmission paths and channels for electrons and ions, the 3D Li‐S battery can provide 505.4 mAh g−1 specific capacity after 500 cycles with an active material loading as high as 10.2 mg cm−1. The practicality is illustrated by wearing the bracelet battery on the wrist and illuminating the red light‐emitting diode. Therefore, the bracelet battery manufactured by 3D printing technology can address the needs of the wearable power supply.
Unexpected Giant Microwave Conductivity in a Nominally Silent BiFeO3 Domain Wall
Authors: Huang Yen‐Lin , Zheng Lu , Chen Peng , Cheng Xiaoxing , Hsu Shang‐Lin , Yang Tiannan , Wu Xiaoyu , Ponet Louis , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Chen Long‐Qing , Artyukhin Sergey , Chu Ying‐Hao , Lai Keji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNanoelectronic devices based on ferroelectric domain walls (DWs), such as memories, transistors, and rectifiers, have been demonstrated in recent years. Practical high‐speed electronics, on the other hand, usually demand operation frequencies in the gigahertz (GHz) regime, where the effect of dipolar oscillation is important. Herein, an unexpected giant GHz conductivity on the order of 103 S m−1 is observed in certain BiFeO3 DWs, which is about 100 000 times greater than the carrier‐induced direct current (dc) conductivity of the same walls. Surprisingly, the nominal configuration of the DWs precludes the alternating current (ac) conduction under an excitation electric field perpendicular to the surface. Theoretical analysis shows that the inclined DWs are stressed asymmetrically near the film surface, whereas the vertical walls in a control sample are not. The resultant imbalanced polarization profile can then couple to the out‐of‐plane microwave fields and induce power dissipation, which is confirmed by the phase‐field modeling. Since the contributions from mobile‐carrier conduction and bound‐charge oscillation to the ac conductivity are equivalent in a microwave circuit, the research on local structural dynamics may open a new avenue to implement DW nano‐devices for radio‐frequency applications.
Organic σ‐Hole Containing Crystals with Enhanced Nonlinear Optical Response and Efficient Optical‐to‐THz Frequency Conversion
Authors: Kim Se‐In , Kim Won Tae , Seok Jin‐Hong , Jazbinsek Mojca , Yoon Woojin , Yu In Cheol , Yun Hoseop , Kim Dongwook , Rotermund Fabian , Kwon O‐Pil 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA new approach for the molecular design of highly efficient nonlinear optical organic crystals is proposed by introducing substituents that form σ‐holes on both nonlinear optical cationic chromophores and aromatic anions. Introducing chlorinated substituents, in which a relatively positive σ‐hole and a negative belt coexist, provides selective reduction capability of specific π–π intermolecular interactions and simultaneous multiple secondary bonding capabilities. This leads to a crystalline state with enhanced first‐order hyperpolarizability βcrystal of chromophores that favors parallel chromophore alignment and suppression of molecular vibrations, which are optimal characteristics for electro‐optic and nonlinear optical applications, including efficient THz wave generation. Compared to benchmark nonhalogenated and fluorinated analogous crystals with state‐of‐the‐art macroscopic optical nonlinearity, σ‐hole containing chloro‐quinolinium crystals exhibit up to two times higher macroscopic nonlinear optical response and remarkably different crystal characteristics. As a result, a 0.16 mm thick chloro‐quinolinium crystal exhibits ≈22 times higher optical‐to‐THz conversion efficiency than the widely used 1.0 mm thick ZnTe inorganic crystal. Moreover, chloro‐quinolinium crystals exhibit very broad THz spectra, up to 8 THz with significantly different THz spectral shape compared to benchmark organic crystals, which is attributed to different phase matching between optical and THz frequencies and molecular vibration motions.
Theoretical Analysis of Surface Active Sites in Defective 2H and 1T′ MoS2 Polymorphs for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Quantifying the Total Activity of Point Defects
Authors: Ekspong Joakim , Gracia‐Espino Eduardo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDefect engineering is a common and promising strategy to improve the catalytic activity of layered structures such as MoS2, where in particular the 2H and 1T′ polymorphs have been under intense study for their activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction. However, the large variety of defects, each with its own distinct and usually unknown effects, complicates the design and optimization of such defective materials. Therefore, it is relevant to characterize in detail the effect of individual defects and to be able to combine these observations to describe more complex materials, such as those seen experimentally. Therefore, nine point defects (antisites defects and vacancies) are theoretically studied on single layer 1T, 1T′, and 2H MoS2 polymorphs, and the variation and spatial distribution in the active sites are identified. It is found that all defective 1T′ monolayers exhibit an increase in the exchange current density of at least 2.3 times when compared to pristine 1T′ MoS2, even if a reduced number of active sites are observed. The results are later used to propose a methodology to study materials containing a mixture of crystal phases, or other alterations that cause inhomogeneous changes in the activity of catalytic sites.