bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mining relationships between food groups and eating time slots and diabetes status in adults from UK NDNS RP
Authors: Palla Luigi , Wang Chaochen , Gruszka Marta , Almoosawi Suzana 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe timing of energy/nutrient intake has been previously shown to be associated with obesity and diabetes (Almoosawi et al, 2019) and recently derived diurnal patterns of energy/carbohydrate intake suggested the potential interplay of circadian biology and social behaviour contributing to obesity (Palla&Almoosawi, 2019) but didn't describe the relationship between food groups and the time when they are eaten, nor on how such relationships vary by type 2 diabetes status.To assess such relationships in a representative sample of the British adult population (19–64 ys old), we have cross-classified 60 food groups and 7 time-slots (6–9am, 9–12,12–2pm,2–5pm, 5–8pm, 8–10pm, 10–6am) as recorded in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme (2008–2014) and analysed the derived frequency by Correspondence Analysis (CA) of food entries, producing biplots separately for the foods included in the food healthiness score tertiles, for all adults combined and separately by diabetes status (self-reported diabetics with HbA1c > 6.5% and glucose < 6.1 mmol/L, prediabetics with HbA1c < 6.5% and glucose comprised between 6.1 and 7, undiagnosed diabetics with HbA1c > 6.5 but not self-reported and non diabetics). Where numbers allowed, the odds ratio estimate was derived of consuming unhealthy food groups later in the day compared to earlier in the day, by logistic regression.The general CA biplots (representing about 80% or more of the total system inertia) pointed at a very strong association between evening/night and beer, spirits and a strong association between evening/night and ice-cream, sugar confectionary, chocolate, biscuits, crisps. The odds ratio (95% CIs) of consuming the listed foods at night evening rather than earlier were respectively 4.37 (CI:3.75–5.10), 7.78 (CI:6.11–9.91),1.63 (CI:1.34–1.98), 1.59 (1.24–2.03), 2.06 (CI:1.84–2.31), 1.53(CI:1.39–1.68), 1.26 (CI:1.11–1.42). The stratified biplots were mostly consistent with the findings for general CA biplots except for puddings which additionally appeared strongly associated with evening time for prediabetics and undiagnosed diabetics but not for diabetics and non-diabetics. The limited number of diabetics (n = 84,2.3%), undiagnosed diabetics (n = 41,1.1%) and prediabetics (n = 63,1.7%) and high diabetes status missingness (n = 1445,39.5%) prevented from applying regression analyses within subgroups.Assessing the relationships between less healthy foods and timing of eating is a first step towards identifying specific public health targets for behaviour change, which include alcoholic beverages and foods rich in added sugars and saturated fats. The greater likelihood of eating puddings in the evening might partly explain the undiagnosed/prediabetic state. The survey cross-sectional nature warrants further investigations by longitudinal cohort studies.
Evaluation of mechanisms responsible for glycaemic index values for cereal based food groups with a focus on slow release carbohydrates
Authors: Bailey Charlene , Englyst Klaus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe glycaemic index (GI) concept has highlighted the detrimental metabolic impact of consuming foods high in rapidly released carbohydrates. However, diverse food properties such as slow release carbohydrates, viscous fibre, fructose, fat and protein can all result in foods with low GI values, with not all of them considered to be health beneficial.The study aim was to identify the mechanisms responsible for the GI values for various food groups. Data was collated and evaluated for GI, presented here as mean (range), macronutrient composition and starch digestibility measures with a focus on slowly digestible starch expressed as percent available starch (%SDS).Wheat breads had high GI values for both white, 73 (59–88) and wholemeal, 70 (52–85). While wheat flour contains > 50% SDS, the moist heat conditions during baking gelatinises starch and most breads had low %SDS 5 (3–10). Rye breads containing kernels had lower GI, 59 (41–78) and higher %SDS, 16 (12–24). Cooked grains had diverse GI 57 (29–75), with a key determinant being kernel integrity, influenced both by grain type and cooking conditions. Typical GI and %SDS values respectively for cooked grains were: white rice 65, 28; bulgur wheat 48, 40; pearl barley 29, 53. Pasta was similar in that matrix integrity determines starch digestibility and hence GI, 49 (40–57). Pasta thickness, ingredients and cooking time all influence %SDS 37 (30–47). The fat and sugar in bakery products sometimes contributed to lower GI, 66 (55–92), while the %SDS was low 5 (1–9). For biscuits, varied moisture content during baking impacts on the extent of starch gelatinisation explaining the range in %SDS 24 (12–42) and GI 51 (47–56). Crackers are baked with high moisture and consequently had low %SDS, 6 (5–7) and high GI, 67 (60–78). Breakfast cereals, produced by extrusion had low %SDS, 3 (2–4), but sugar contents contributed to a wide GI range, 69 (46–87).This study highlights the prevalence of rapidly digestible starch in many types of cereal based foods, due to processing techniques that result in easily dispersed food matrices and gelatinised starch. High fat and sugar products can have low or medium GI values despite having high contents of rapidly released carbohydrates, and as such GI could be considered an inconsistent measure of carbohydrate quality. Having information on starch digestibility profiles can identify the low GI foods that are rich in slow release carbohydrates, the consumption of which should be promoted.
Breads formulated with evolutionary populations of wheat heritage varieties on postprandial glycaemic and insulin responses in healthy subjects
Authors: Dall'Asta Margherita , Dodi Rossella , Di Pede Giuseppe , Marchini Mia , Folloni Silvia , Scazzina Francesca 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTriticum heritage varieties and ancient species are gaining interest of consumers due to the perception of a healthier nutrition profile than other modern wheat. Although still limited, several findings highlighted the real potential beneficial role of ancient wheat-based products consumption on several cardiometabolic factors(1). However, a lack of information is still present, especially for their effect on postprandial glycaemia. Evolutionary populations (EPs) are plants within the same species in one field characterized by a high level of genetic diversity(2). EPs are evolving as a function of several environmental variables and in turn characterized by a high level of adaptability and biodiversity. EPs can drive agronomic advantages, especially under organic and low-input agricultural conditions, or in less favourable growing conditions(3). The aim of the present study, which is a part of a more comprehensive project called “BIO2”(4), was to evaluate the impact of breads made with EPs of heritage varieties and a modern variety, all produced under organic farming in mountain areas of Emilia Romagna Region (Italy), on postprandial glycaemic and insulin responses. The study is a randomized controlled trial in which 13 healthy subjects were enrolled for consuming 8 non-commercial breads made either with EPs (EPs named “BIO2” and “GROSSI” – of local heritage varieties, and EP “Solibam”) or with a modern variety (Bologna) produced with a standard recipe, but 2 different leavening techniques (S. Cerevisiae and sourdough). Subjects consumed breads in a portion containing 50 g of available carbohydrates and blood was collected for quantifying glycaemia and insulin during 2 hours. Incremental area under curves (IAUCs) and maximum peaks were compared among treatments. No differences were found in IAUCs and peaks for both the markers, showing that none of the tested EPs was effective in lowering glycaemic and insulin responses compared to the modern variety. Moreover, sourdough did not determine a lower blood glucose and insulin within the same type of flour, which is in contrast with previous studies describing the role of sourdough in lowering glycaemic response. Future studies will better elucidate the possible implication of consuming ancient wheat-based products on the modulation of post-prandial glucose metabolism.This study has been funded by Measure 16.1.01 of the Rural Development Programme 2014–2020 of the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy).
Using seaweed as a supplement or a food ingredient to increase iodine status in women with low habitual intake
Authors: Nicol Katie , Swailes Cara , Alahmari Layla , Combet Emilie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction: Most consumers remain unaware of iodine sources in the diet. With no prophylaxis, iodine insufficiency remains a largely unappreciated issue in the UK. Including seaweed to the food supply represents a solution and opportunity but this supply needs to be carefully curated and calibrated, as excess iodine may be harmful for thyroid health. This project aimed to test the efficacy of a proof-of-concept reformulated food using seaweed as an ingredient source of iodine, to supplement women who have a habitual low iodine intake.Materials and Methods: Self-reported healthy women, pre-menopausal who avoid iodine-rich foods were randomised to: P1) reformulated food (pizza)with seaweed ingredient, or P2) a control food, similar to P1 but without supplemental iodine, or S1) control, empty capsules, or S2) PureSea Natural ascophyllum nodosum seaweed capsules, the ingredient used in P1. Capsules or food were to be consumed three times per week (providing 400μg iodine per intake). At least 10 spot urine samples were collected per person over at least 3 days preceding each study point. Urinary iodine was measured with a modified Sandell-Koltoff assay.Results: Participants (n = 96, median age 29, IQR 23–42) had a habitual iodine intake of 64μg/d (IQR 39–119, no detectable difference between groups). Dropout rates at 3-month were 41% (P1 &P2 each), 21% for S1, 11% for S2.Baseline urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was low/marginal, at 66μg/L (IQR 34-71), 64μg/L (IQR 40-96), 54μg/L (IQR 31-86) and 39μg/L (IQR 21-64) for P1, P2, S1 and S2 respectively (no difference between groups, p > 0.05).Change in UIC differed between groups at week-2 (p < 0.001), increasing in P1 & S2: by 45μg/L (IQR 2-69), and 35μg/L (IQR 13-48), respectively, decreasing in S1: -14μg/L (IQR –24-(–1)), with no change in group P2. This remained true for groups S1 & S2 when urinary iodine excretion was corrected for creatinine.After 3 months, differences in changes from baselines remained between groups (p < 0.01), with an increase in groups P1 and S2: 28μg/L (IQR 1-112), 43μg/L (IQR 23-93) but not groups P2 or S1. This remained true when UIC was corrected for creatinine.Changes in weight between and within groups were not detected at either time points, with group median changes within 2 kg of baseline weight.Discussion: Iodine-rich seaweed is effective in increasing the iodine status of women with a low habitual iodine intake, as a supplement, or as an ingredient in a cooked reformulated product. In term of feasibility, large attrition in the food groups P1 and P2 demands further attention, for interpretation of data and future translation of the findings.
Quality changes in oil marinades used for flavoring of meat
Authors: Wie˛k Adam , Modzelewska-Kapituła Monika , Tkacz Katarzyna , Pietrzak-Fiećko Renata , Pomianowski Janusz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMeat semi-finished products that are portioned or not, meat with the addition of a different composition of spices and oil are a common element of the commercial offer in the convenient ready to cook food segment. During the refrigeration storage in this complex system of meat, oil and spices, there is a number of physicochemical changes, including hydrolytic and oxidative changes of the oil(1). The products of these reactions become integral components of the meat subjected to heat treatment. As a result of heating, secondary oxidation products of lipids may be formed which constitute a serious health risk(2). The study was aimed at determination of the effect of spices containing antioxidants and sulfur-organic compounds on hydrolytic and oxidative changes in the oil that formed the base of the marinade in which meat was kept. Pork neck was minced and formed into burgers (250 g), rapeseed oil (120 g) and spices (5 g) were used. Four research groups were analyzed meat / oil / spices system with rosemary, oregano, garlic or onion. Oil samples were collected on the third, fifth and eighth day of refrigerated storage. The control sample was the oil from the meat / oil system only. The quality of the oil was evaluated on the basis of the acid value, peroxide value and TBARS index. In the oil with onion, garlic, rosemary and oregano the hydrolytic changes on the 8th day of storage were significantly lower compared to the control. On the basis of the average peroxide value in oil marinades with the addition of rosemary and oregano, significantly lower values of this indicator were found when using rosemary (3.61 meq O2/kg) in comparison with oregano (6.01 meq O2/kg). The average of TBARS index in marinade with onions and garlic was lower by 31% and 48%, respectively. Also the use of rosemary and oregano was effective in blocking the formation of secondary oxidation products (rosemary even three times higher than that of oregano).
A systematic review of the influences of product placement in food stores on dietary behaviours and sales
Authors: Shaw Sarah , Baird Janis , Vogel Christina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction: Empirical evidence of the effects of product placement strategies on consumers’ dietary and purchasing behaviours is limited. A systematic review was conducted to collate the evidence, both observational and intervention, about how food and beverage product placement (availability and positioning) in food stores, influence dietary behaviours and sales.Materials and Methods: Nine databases were systematically searched, using both MeSH and free text terms, for articles published between 2005 and February 2019. Titles and abstracts were screened by one reviewer. If eligible, two reviewers performed data extraction and assessed each article for risk of bias in relation to the research question based on predefined criteria according to guidelines from the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Results were synthesised using a vote counting technique which recorded the significance level and the direction of the effect in relation to the expected relationship with health improvement. This systematic review was registered with Prospero CRD: 42016048826.Results: The search yielded 16,342 potential articles of which 38, 17 observational and 21 intervention articles, met the inclusion criteria. The heterogeneous nature of these studies meant meta-analyses were not possible.Two observational studies were classified as having a high risk of bias, 6 moderate and 9 as low risk of bias. Two intervention studies were classified as having moderate risk of bias and the remaining 19 as high risk of bias.For observation studies, six studies included sales outcomes, nine included diet outcomes and four included BMI outcomes. For intervention studies, 19 included sales outcomes, four included diet outcomes and one included BMI outcomes. 76 outcomes from observational studies and 89 outcomes from intervention studies were included in the vote counting synthesis. 76% of observational outcomes showed associations with placement strategies in the expected direction for health improvement with 41% being significant. 72% of intervention outcomes showed associations in the expected direction with 33% being significant.Discussion: The evidence suggests food and beverage placement strategies in food stores have the potential to support healthier food-related behaviours. The difficulties in conducting high-quality intervention studies may be a contributing factor to the large number of non-significant results that have been published. This review provides evidence in support of the UK Government's updated Childhood Obesity Plan to restrict the prominent placement of unhealthy food in food stores.
Sunda clouded leopardNeofelis diardidensities and human activities in the humid evergreen rainforests of Sumatra
Authors: Haidir Iding , Macdonald David W. , Linkie Matthew 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMost species of wild felids are threatened, but for many little is known about their status in the wild. For the cryptic and elusive Vulnerable Sunda clouded leopardNeofelis diardi, key metrics such as abundance and occupancy have been challenging to obtain. We conducted an intensive survey for this species on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. We deployed camera traps across four study areas that varied in elevation and threats, for a total of 28,404 trap nights, resulting in 114 independent clouded leopard photographs, in which we identified 18 individuals. Using a Bayesian spatially explicit capture–recapture analysis, we estimated clouded leopard density to be 0.8–2.4 individuals/100 km2. The highest predicted occurrence of people was at lower altitudes and closer to the forest edge, where we categorized more than two-thirds of people recorded by camera traps as bird poachers, 12.5% each as ungulate/tiger poachers and non-timber collectors, and < 2% as fishers. Our findings provide important insights into the status of this little known species in Sumatra. We recommend that the large volume of camera-trap data from other Sumatran landscapes be used for an island-wide assessment of the clouded leopard population, to provide up-to-date and reliable information for guiding future conservation planning.
MULTIMODAL PERFORMER COORDINATION AS A CREATIVE COMPOSITIONAL PARAMETER
Authors: Goves Larry 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article looks at a creative trajectory in my recent work, an ongoing exploration of how the coordination of and precise interaction between performers in music-performance can be considered a primary compositional parameter (and perhaps compositional material in its own right). This investigation began with a survey of performer interactions in Olivier Messiaen'sQuatuor pour la fin du tempsand older music of my own. This led to an interest in the entanglement of ‘instrumental theatre’ and compositional scenarios in which performer behaviours, in relation to coordination and interaction, contribute idiosyncratically (i.e. outside of the more typical interpretation/improvisation models) to the music.
Local Order, Policing, and Bribes
Authors: Tellez Juan Fernando , Wibbels Erik , Krishna Anirudh 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTDay-to-day policing represents a fundamental interface between citizens and states. Yet even in the most capable states, local policing varies enormously from one community to the next. The authors seek to understand this variation and in doing so make three contributions: First, they conceptualize communities and individuals as networks more or less capable of demanding high-quality policing. Second, they present original survey data and semistructured interviews on local policing from over one hundred sixty slums, eight thousand households, and one hundred seventy informal neighborhood leaders in India that contribute to the nascent empirical work on comparative policing and order. Third, they find evidence that well-connected individuals and densely connected neighborhoods express greater confidence in and satisfaction with local policing. Critically, these differences do not appear to be a function of a lower propensity for local conflict but rather of an increased capacity to leverage neighborhood leaders to mediate relations with the police. The combination of analytics and empirics in this article provides insight into the conditions under which individuals and communities experience the police as expropriators of rents or neutral providers of order.
Scalar and ad-hoc pragmatic inferences in children: guess which one is easier
Authors: FOPPOLO Francesca , MAZZAGGIO Greta , PANZERI Francesca , SURIAN Luca 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSeveral studies investigated preschoolers’ ability to compute scalar and ad-hoc implicatures, but only one compared children's performance with both kinds of implicature with the same task, a picture selection task. In Experiment 1 (N= 58, age: 4;2-6;0), we first show that the truth value judgment task, traditionally employed to investigate children's pragmatic ability, prompts a rate of pragmatic responses comparable to the picture selection task. In Experiment 2 (N= 141, age: 3;8-9;2) we used the picture selection task to compare scalar and ad-hoc implicatures and linked the ability to derive these implicatures to some cognitive and linguistic measures. We found that four- and five-year-olds children performed better on ad-hoc than on scalar implicatures. Furthermore, we found that morphosyntactic competence was associated with success in both kinds of implicatures, while performance on mental state reasoning was positively associated with success on scalar but not ad-hoc implicatures.
Aggression and Older Adults: News Media Coverage across Care Settings and Relationships
Authors: Funk Laura M. , Herron Rachel V. , Spencer Dale , Thomas Starr Lee 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTSystematic, in-depth exploration of news media coverage of aggression and older adults remains sparse, with little attention to how and why particular frames manifest in coverage across differing settings and relationships. Frame analysis was used to analyze 141 English-language Canadian news media articles published between 2008 and 2019. Existing coverage tended towards stigmatizing, fear-inducing, and biomedical framings of aggression, yet also reflected and reinforced ambiguity, most notably around key differences between settings and relations of care. Mainstream news coverage reflects tensions in public understandings of aggression and older adults (e.g., as a medical or criminal issue), reinforced in particular ways because of the nature of news reporting. More nuanced coverage would advance understanding of differences among settings, relationships, and types of actions, and of the need for multifaceted prevention and policy responses based on these differences.
The role of relational support in the longitudinal links between adolescent sexual harassment victimization and psychological health
Authors: Skoog Therése , Kapetanovic Sabina 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe links between sexual harassment victimization and aspects of psychopathology are well-established in adolescent research, but whether sexual harassment victimization undermines positive aspects of psychological health and the moderating role of relational support in the link between sexual harassment victimization and psychological ill-health remains unknown. Using a cross-lagged model, we examined (a) the bidirectional and longitudinal links between sexual harassment victimization and adolescent psychological health (emotional problems and well-being) and (b) the moderating role of relational support from parents, teachers, and peers (best friends and classmates) in the link between sexual harassment victimization and adolescent psychological health. We used two waves of self-reported data (separated by 1 year) from 676 Swedish adolescents (50% female; mean age = 13.85 years at the point of first data collection). Controlling for the effects of gender and subjective socioeconomic status, the cross-lagged model revealed that sexual harassment predicted emotional problems positively and well-being negatively. Moreover, well-being predicted sexual harassment negatively. Relational support from classmates moderated the link in the direction from sexual harassment victimization to emotional problems. Relational support did not moderate the link to well-being. The findings provide new and important insights into the role of sexual harassment victimization in adolescent psychological adjustment and potential approaches to intervention.