bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opioid-prescribing Trends and Determinants in Saudi Emergency Rooms for Acute Pain: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Aleid Abdulsalam Mohammed , Alsharari Abdulrahman Jadid , Althubaiti Aseel Fahad , Sulaiman Lama Mohammed , Aldosari Hamdan Saeed , Alqubaysi Atheer Ibrahim , Alrais Mmdoh Mohammad Farhan , Alqarni Ali Mohammed , Alhodibi Mostafa Habeeb 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The global rise in musculoskeletal disorders, especially in emergency medical settings, has led to increasing concern about opioid-prescribing practices. This study, set in the unique cultural and healthcare context of Saudi Arabia, aims to comprehensively analyse the factors influencing opioid prescribing in emergency departments. By delving into the intricacies of how patient demographics, pain severity, healthcare provider backgrounds and situational factors impact these practices, the research seeks to fill a critical knowledge gap. It positions itself within the existing literature as a vital contribution to understanding and improving pain management strategies in acute care settings, with a focus on the judicious use of opioids.

Methods:
This study employed a cross-sectional design conducted across various regions of Saudi Arabia, spanning from August to October 2023. It included a representative sample of 2110 participants, comprising patients who had received opioids in emergency departments and healthcare providers involved in opioid prescribing. The convenience sampling technique was utilised to select participants. Structured questionnaires, designed to capture comprehensive data on variables such as demographics, pain severity and prescribing behaviours, were employed. The collected data were analysed using SPSS 28.0, focusing on descriptive statistics to provide a clear picture of the opioid-prescribing patterns and the influencing factors.

Results:
The results of this study unveiled a complex and varied landscape of opioid prescribing in Saudi emergency departments. Key findings highlighted the influence of patient demographics, with notable variations in prescribing practices based on factors such as age, gender and location. The severity of pain and the backgrounds of healthcare providers were also found to significantly affect prescribing decisions. These results demonstrate the diverse factors at play in opioid prescribing, suggesting a need for more individualised and context-aware pain management approaches in emergency medical settings.

Conclusion:
The study provides crucial insights into the nuanced nature of opioid prescribing in Saudi Arabian emergency rooms, emphasising the need for more informed and patient-specific approaches to pain management. The findings advocate for enhanced educational initiatives for healthcare providers and patients, aiming to standardise opioid-prescribing practices and improve patient outcomes. This research significantly contributes to the field by offering a detailed understanding of the factors influencing opioid prescribing, thereby guiding future healthcare policies and clinical practices in the realm of acute pain management.
Rehabilitation practices during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: An international survey
Authors: Leite Victor F. , Oza Sonal , Parke Sara C. , Barksdale Toure , Herbert Aliea , Bansal Vishal , Jeon Jae Yong , McCourt Orla , Morishita Shinichiro , Aljurf Mahmoud D. , Fu Jack B. , Ngo-Huang An 
Published: December 2024

Background and Objective
Rehabilitation therapy plays an important role in treating physical and functional impairments observed in individuals undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT). This study assessed the rehabilitation practices implemented in the HSCT population internationally.

Materials and Methods
A 48-question online survey comprising questions soliciting information regarding patient characteristics, therapy details (timing, indication, and administering providers), outcome measures, and precautions were developed by an international group of cancer rehabilitation physicians. As reported by European registries, surveys were administered to personnel providing care to patients receiving HSCT at cancer centers, which comprised the top 10% of HSCT volume. In addition, emails were sent to National Medical Societies and registries in the Latin America, Asia, and Pacific regions.

Results
Forty-three institutions from 18 countries responded to the survey. Half of the centers provided referrals for rehabilitation therapy at the time of admission. Referrals were provided for functional decline (84.5%), risk of falls (53.3%), and discharge planning (42.2%). Rehabilitation therapies were administered by physical therapists (93.0%), occupational therapists (34.9%), therapy aides (14.0%), and speech-language pathologists (11.6%). Approximately 95% of the surveyed centers used objective functional measures such as sit-to-stand (46.5%), grip strength (46.5%), and 6-min walk/gait speed (both 34.9%). The blood counts were monitored to determine the appropriateness of the therapy modalities.

Conclusion
Rehabilitation practices varied internationally; however, most centers provided skilled therapy during hospitalization for HSCT, utilized objective and patient-reported outcomes, and monitored blood counts to determine the safety of administering therapy.
A flow cytometric approach to compare stem cell apoptosis in aplastic anemia and hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Ibrahim Medhat , Khodeary Ashraf , Aziz Shereen P. , Mahmoud Mahmoud G. , Abdel-Baset Asmaa A. , Mohamed Tamer , Sayed Sherif A. 
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives
Aplastic anemia (AA) is a disease caused by bone marrow (BM) failure. There are many similarities between AA and hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS); hence, differentiating them could be problematic. The current study aimed to use the new technique of flow cytometry as a possible diagnostic tool for AA and hypoplastic MDS.

Patients and Methods
The BM mononuclear cell (BMMC) and blood samples from 44 participants (17 patients with AA, 13 with hypoplastic MDS, and 14 healthy controls) were collected. The flow cytometric analysis of the cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34) levels and cell apoptosis was performed for all sample types.

Results
Patients with hypoplastic MDS showed a high percentage of CD34+ cells with low apoptosis, while those with AA showed a low percentage of CD34+ cells with high apoptosis.

Conclusions
Despite the similarity in the clinical presentation of hypoplastic MDS and AA, they are biologically different disorders. Increased CD34+ cell numbers with high viability may provide a useful and accurate tool for the differential diagnosis of hypoplastic MDS from AA.
Evaluation of Nutritional Supplements on Periodontal Fibroblast in Systemic Disease Conditions: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Alsanie Saleh A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Periodontal health is influenced by various systemic factors, including nutritional status. Nutritional supplements have been proposed to improve periodontal health, particularly in individuals with systemic diseases.

Materials and Methods:
This in vitro interventional study aimed to evaluate the effects of nutritional supplements on periodontal health in systemic disease conditions. Human gingival fibroblast cells were cultured under conditions mimicking systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. The cells were treated with different nutritional supplements commonly used in periodontal therapy, including vitamin C, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and probiotics. The effects of these supplements on cell viability, inflammatory response, and extracellular matrix production were assessed using various assays and molecular techniques.

Results:
Treatment with nutritional supplements led to improvements in cell viability, reduction in inflammatory cytokine expression, and enhanced extracellular matrix synthesis in gingival fibroblast cells under systemic disease conditions. Specifically, vitamin C and omega-3 fatty acids demonstrated significant protective effects against inflammation-induced cell damage, while probiotics promoted a balanced immune response.

Conclusion:
Nutritional supplements, including vitamin C, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and probiotics, exhibit promising effects on periodontal health in systemic disease conditions. These supplements may serve as adjunctive therapeutic options for managing periodontal disease in individuals with systemic comorbidities.
Network function parallelism configuration with segment routing over IPv6 based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Jang Seokwon , Ko Namseok , Kyung Yeunwoong , Ko Haneul , Lee Jaewook , Pack Sangheon 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNetwork function parallelism (NFP) has gained attention for processing packets in parallel through service functions arranged in the required service function chain. While parallel processing efficiently reduces the service function chaining (SFC) completion time, it incurs a higher network overhead (e.g., network congestion) to replicate various packets for processing. To reduce the SFC completion time while maintaining a low network overhead, we propose a deep‐reinforcement‐learning‐based NFP algorithm (DeepNFP) that provides an SFC processing policy to determine the sequential or parallel processing of every service function. In DeepNFP, deep reinforcement learning captures the network dynamics and service function conditions and iteratively finds the SFC processing policy in the network environment. Furthermore, an SFC data plane protocol based on segment routing over IPv6 configures and operates the policy in the SFC data network. Evaluation results show that DeepNFP can achieve 46% of the SFC completion time and 66% of the network overhead compared with conventional SFC and NFP, respectively.
Multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomics model for the prediction of rectal cancer metachronous liver metastasis
Authors: Long Zhi-Da , Yu Xiao , Xing Zhi-Xiang , Wang Rui 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
The liver, as the main target organ for hematogenous metastasis of colorectal cancer, early and accurate prediction of liver metastasis is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of patients. Herein, this study aims to investigate the application value of a combined machine learning (ML) based model based on the multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging for prediction of rectal metachronous liver metastasis (MLM).
AIM
To investigate the efficacy of radiomics based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging images of preoperative first diagnosed rectal cancer in predicting MLM from rectal cancer.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed 301 patients with rectal cancer confirmed by surgical pathology at Jingzhou Central Hospital from January 2017 to December 2023. All participants were randomly assigned to the training or validation queue in a 7:3 ratio. We first apply generalized linear regression model (GLRM) and random forest model (RFM) algorithm to construct an MLM prediction model in the training queue, and evaluate the discriminative power of the MLM prediction model using area under curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA). Then, the robustness and generalizability of the MLM prediction model were evaluated based on the internal validation set between the validation queue groups.
RESULTS
Among the 301 patients included in the study, 16.28% were ultimately diagnosed with MLM through pathological examination. Multivariate analysis showed that carcinoembryonic antigen, and magnetic resonance imaging radiomics were independent predictors of MLM. Then, the GLRM prediction model was developed with a comprehensive nomogram to achieve satisfactory differentiation. The prediction performance of GLRM in the training and validation queue was 0.765 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.710-0.820] and 0.767 (95%CI: 0.712-0.822), respectively. Compared with GLRM, RFM achieved superior performance with AUC of 0.919 (95%CI: 0.868-0.970) and 0.901 (95%CI: 0.850-0.952) in the training and validation queue, respectively. The DCA indicated that the predictive ability and net profit of clinical RFM were improved.
CONCLUSION
By combining multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging with the effectiveness and robustness of ML-based predictive models, the proposed clinical RFM can serve as an insight tool for preoperative assessment of MLM risk stratification and provide important information for individual diagnosis and treatment of rectal cancer patients.
Interleukin-17A facilitates tumor progression via upregulating programmed death ligand-1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Zhong-Xia , Zhang Li-Ting , Liu Xiao-Jun , Peng Xue-Bin , Mao Xiao-Rong 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an inflammation-associated tumor with a dismal prognosis. Immunotherapy has become an important treatment strategy for HCC, as immunity is closely related to inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. Inflammation regulates the expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and affects immunotherapy efficacy. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is involved in the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment and plays a protumor or antitumor role in different tumors. We hypothesized that IL-17A participates in tumor progression by affecting the level of immune checkpoint molecules in HCC.
AIM
To investigate the effect and mechanism of action of IL-17A on PD-L1 expression and to identify attractive candidates for the treatment of HCC.
METHODS
The upregulation of PD-L1 expression in HCC cells by IL-17A was assessed by reverse transcription PCR, western blotting, and flow cytometry. Mechanistic studies were conducted with gene knockout models and pathway inhibitors. The function of IL-17A in immune evasion was explored through coculture of T cells and HCC cells. The effects of IL-17A on the malignant biological behaviors of HCC cells were evaluated in vitro , and the antitumor effects of an IL-17A inhibitor and its synergistic effects with a PD-L1 inhibitor were studied in vivo .
RESULTS
IL-17A upregulated PD-L1 expression in HCC cells in a dose-dependent manner, whereas IL-17A receptor knockout or treatment with a small mothers against decapentaplegic 2 inhibitor diminished the PD-L1 expression induced by IL-17A. IL-17A enhanced the survival of HCC cells in the coculture system. IL-17A increased the viability, G2/M ratio, and migration of HCC cells and decreased the apoptotic index. Cyclin D1, VEGF , MMP9 , and Bcl-1 expression increased after IL-17A treatment, whereas BAX expression decreased. The combination of IL-17A and PD-L1 inhibitors showed synergistic antitumor efficacy and increased cluster of differentiation 8 + T lymphocyte infiltration in an HCC mouse model.
CONCLUSION
IL-17A upregulates PD-L1 expression via the IL-17A receptor/phosphorylation-small mothers against decapentaplegic 2 signaling pathway in HCC cells. Blocking IL-17A enhances the therapeutic efficacy of PD-L1 antibodies in HCC in vivo .
Complete response of gallbladder cancer treated with gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy combined with durvalumab: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Chen Kai , Feng Xu , Shi Yuan , Li Xin-Lin , Shi Zheng-Rong , Lan Xiang 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common and aggressive subtype of biliary tract cancer (BTC) and has a poor prognosis. A newly developed regimen of gemcitabine, cisplatin, and durvalumab shows promise for the treatment of advanced BTC. However, the efficacy of this treatment for GBC remains unclear.
CASE SUMMARY
In this report, we present a case in which the triple-drug regimen exhibited marked effectiveness in treating locally advanced GBC, thus leading to a long-term survival benefit. A 68-year-old man was diagnosed with locally advanced GBC, which rendered him ineligible for curative surgery. Following three cycles of therapy, a partial response was observed. After one year of combined therapy, a clinical complete response was successfully achieved. Subsequent maintenance therapy with durvalumab monotherapy resulted in a disease-free survival of 9 months for the patient. The patient experienced tolerable toxicities of reversible grade 2 nausea and fatigue. Tolerable adverse events were observed in the patient throughout the entirety of the treatment.
CONCLUSION
The combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy with durvalumab was proven to be an effective treatment approach for advanced GBC, with manageable adverse events. Further research is warranted to substantiate the effectiveness of the combined regimen in the context of GBC.
Strategies for Increasing Performance of Papuan Women Shell Craft Enterprises in Manokwari City: a SWOT Analysis
Authors:   Program Studi Agribisnis, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Papua, Imbiri Soleman , Wambrauw Ludia Theresia 
Published: December 2024

Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) are a type of business that plays an important role in increasing a country’s economic growth as it can create jobs, reduce unemployment, create added value in the gross domestic product, and improve people’s lives. However, quite a few Papuan women get involved in MSEs as they have faced various obstacles rather than male. This study investigates strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of shell craft business carried out by Papuan women in Manokwari city to develop appropriate strategies for increasing their business performance. A mixed-methods research design was employed by conducting a case study, field observation, and in-depth interviews to collect data from eighteen Papuan women enterprises. Then, it is analysed by using SWOT. The finding shows that the most appropriate strategy to be carried out by shell craft enterprises is in III which supports the turnaround strategy. This strategy means that business actors will improve their weaknesses to take advantage of opportunities by (1) equipping themselves with more modern equipment to support production, (2) dividing household tasks to improve business, (3) utilizing social media and websites for online promotion and marketing, (4) running business management, and (5) participating in exhibition events organized by the local government.
Morbidity, mortality, and lethality of the Russian population due to respiratory diseases for 2016–2021 and COVID-19 for 2020–2021
Authors: Bilichenko T. N. , Bystritskaya E. V. , Misharin V. M. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The impact of the epidemic circulation of the novel coronavirus respiratory infection on the Russian population in terms of morbidity, mortality and lethality from respiratory diseases (RD) and consequent social damage requires an in-depth study.Objective. The study set out to compare the morbidity, mortality and lethality dynamics of the total population of the Russian Federation due to respiratory diseases (RD) in 2016–2021 and COVID-19 in 2020–2021.Materials and methods. The study was based on official statistical information provided by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Russian Federal State Statistics Service and Russian Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare on the morbidity and mortality of the population due to RD (codes J00-J98 in accordance with the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th edition (ICD-10). The data for 2020–2021 are compared with the average morbidity and mortality rates of the Russian population for 2016–2019. Statistical data processing was carried out using Statistica software, version 10, and Epi5 (WHO), version 7. When comparing the indicators, the relative risk, 95% confidence interval, and Matel-Hansel2 were calculated. The differences were considered to be significant at p < 0.05.Results. The primary and general morbidity and mortality from RD in the Russian population in 2020–2021 exceeded the average levels of similar indicators for 2016–2019. The increase in indicators was associated with a larger number of patients presenting with pneumonia, as well as interstitial and suppurative lung diseases. This was accompanied by an increase in hospital mortality and lethality due to RD and COVID-19 in 2020–2021.Conclusions. The epidemic circulation of the new coronavirus infection was accompanied by a significant increase in the morbidity and mortality of the population from RD.
Expression of genes SPI1 and GATA3 and Т-helpers subpopulation combination in chronically exposed people
Authors: Nikiforov V. S. , Kotikova A. I. , Akleyev A. V. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The influence of adverse factors including ionizing radiation leads to a violation of key transcription factors expression and the ratio of the main types of T-helper cells, which in turn initiates a wide range of immunopathological disorders.Objective. The objective of this research was to study the mRNA expression of the SPI1 and GATA3 genes, as well as the composition of T-helper type 1 and 2 subpopulations, in chronically exposed people during the period of radiation exposure late effects development.Mаterials and methods. The study was carried out on peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 98 residents of the Techa riverside settlements. Two study groups were formed: the group of exposed individuals (average accumulated dose for the red bone marrow radiation was 706.8±62.7 mGy) and the comparison group (radiation dose did not exceed 70 mGy). The median age of the studied individuals at examination was 71.1 ± 0.9 years (58–87 years). The relative mRNA content of the studied genes was assessed using real-time PCR. The number of T-helpers of types 1 and 2 in the populations of T-helpers of central and effector memory was calculated using the flow cytometry method.Results. There was a decrease in the absolute and relative number of type 2 T-helpers included in the T-helpers of central memory in chronically exposed individuals. In people with accumulated doses ≥1000 mGy, an increase in the Th1/Th2 ratio of T-helpers of the central memory (p=0.01), as well as the positive correlation relationship between the relative content of type 2 T-helpers of the effector memory and the expression of the GATA3 gene were registered relative to unexposed individuals.Conclusions. The obtained results indicate that changes in the composition of T-helper cell subpopulations in chronically exposed individuals are not pronounced in the long-term period. However, these changes may directly depend on the total absorbed dose, which in turn determines the prospects for further analysis of the health status of people exposed to chronic high-dose radiation.