bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of pre-pregnancy body mass index with adverse pregnancy outcome among first-time mothers
Authors: Li Li , Chen Yanhong , Lin Zhifeng , Lin Weiyan , Liu Yangqi , Ou Weilin , Zeng Chengli , Ke Li 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundStudies have reported an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome associated with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). However, the data on such associations in urban areas of southern Chinese women is limited, which drive us to clarify the associations of pre-pregnancy BMI and the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes (preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW)) and maternal health outcomes (gestational hypertension and cesarean delivery).MethodsWe performed a hospital-based case-control study including 3,864 Southern Chinese women who gave first birth to a live singleton infant from January 2015 to December 2015. PTB was stratified into three subgroups according to gestational age (extremely PTB, very PTB and moderate PTB). Besides, we combined birth weight and gestational age to dichotomise as being small for gestational age (SGA, less than the tenth percentile of weight for gestation) and non-small for gestational age (NSGA, large than the tenth percentile of weight for gestation), gestational week was also classified into categories of term, 34-36 week and below 34 week.. We then divided newborns into six groups: (1) term and NSGA; (2) 34–36 week gestation and NSGA; (3) below 34 week gestation and NSGA; (4) term and SAG; (5) 34–36 week gestation and SAG; (6) below 34 week gestation and SAG. Adjusted logistic regression models was used to estimate the odds ratios of adverse outcomes.ResultsUnderweight women were more likely to give LBW (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI [1.11–1.89]), the similar result was seen in term and SAG as compared with term and NSAG (AOR = 1.78, 95% CI [1.45–2.17]), whereas underweight was significantly associated with a lower risk of gestational hypertension (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI [0.25–0.82) and caesarean delivery (AOR = 0.74, 95% CI [0.62–0.90]). The risk of extremely PTB is relatively higher among overweight and obese mothers in a subgroup analysis of PTB (AOR = 8.12, 95% CI [1.11–59.44]; AOR = 15.06, 95% CI [1.32–172.13], respectively). Both maternal overweight and obesity were associated with a greater risk of gestational hypertension (AOR = 1.71, 95% CI [1.06–2.77]; AOR = 5.54, 95% CI [3.02–10.17], respectively) and caesarean delivery (AOR = 1.91, 95% CI [1.53–2.38]; AOR = 1.85, 95% CI [1.21–2.82], respectively).ConclusionsOur study suggested that maternal overweight and obesity were associated with a significantly higher risk of gestational hypertension, caesarean delivery and extremely PTB. Underweight was correlated with an increased risk of LBW and conferred a protective effect regarding the risk for gestational hypertension and caesarean delivery for the first-time mothers among Southern Chinese.
Refractive Outcome of Posterior Optic Capture versus Intrabagal Implantation of Intraocular Lenses in Pediatric Cataract Surgery
Authors: Elshershaby Hend Mohammed , Allam Waleed Abdelhady , Elmaria Ahmed Fekry , Elseht Rabab Mohammed 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To compare refractive outcome of posterior Optic Capture versus In-the-bag Implantation of Intraocular Lenses in Pediatric Cataract Surgery.
Design: Prospective, randomized and comparative study.
Methods: Forty eyes of 25 children (12 males and 13 females) were included in this study with unilateral or bilateral cataracts in the pediatric age during the period between October 2018 to July 2019. These children were diagnosed to have congenital or developmental cataracts. All children underwent cataract surgery and IOL implantation. In our study, all children were divided into two groups: group (A) included 22 eyes that underwent posterior capsulorhexis and anterior vitrectomy with IOL implantation entirely in the capsular bag and group (B) included 18 eyes that underwent posterior capsulorhexis and posterior optic capture of the IOL. Patient demographics, surgical intervention, presenting symptoms, postoperative refraction and follow up of refractive changes for 6 months were recorded.
Results: Ten cases were unilateral and fifteen cases were bilateral. The mean age was 5.44 ±3.30 in group (A) while the mean age was 4.26±1.45 in group (B). At 1.5 month, the mean spherical error in group (A) was 2.85 ± 1.41 D with range from 1 to 6.5D, and the mean spherical error in group (B) was 2.50 ± 1.70 D with range from -0.75 to 3.75 D with no statistically significant difference in both groups. The mean cylindrical error in group (A) was -0.96 ± 1.87 D with range from -3.5 to 2.25D and the mean cylindrical error in group (B) was -1.38 ± 1.79 D with range from -3 to 2D with no statistically significant difference in both groups. At 6 months, the mean spherical error in group (A) was 0.73 ±1.89 D with range from -4.00 to 3.75D and the mean spherical error in group (B) was 0.00 ± 2.27 D with range from -3.50 to 2.7D with no statistically significant difference in both groups. The mean cylindrical error in group (A) was -1.21± 0.90 D with range from -2.75 to 1.25D and the mean cylindrical error in group (B) was -1.68 ±0.93 D with range from -3.00 to -0.75D with no statistically significant difference in both groups.
Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference between in-the-bag intraocular lens implantation and intraocular lens posterior optic capture in the term of post-operative refraction. Posterior optic capture helped in preventing posterior capsule opacification (PCO) postoperatively in all cases.
Cu‐Phosphorus Eutectic Solid Solution for Growth of Multilayer Graphene with Widely Tunable Doping
Authors: Yoo Min Seok , Lee Hyo Chan , Lee Seon Baek , Cho Kilwon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA one‐step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is proposed to grow multilayer graphene (MLG) with tunable doping types using a copper–phosphorus eutectic system as a catalyst. At the growth temperature, the phosphorus‐dissolved copper forms a liquid phase, which promotes the formation of phosphorus‐doped MLG. With this method, the thickness and doping level of graphene are simultaneously controlled at the synthesis stage. Moreover, the proposed CVD method enables patterned growth of MLG at the microscale. The resultant phosphorus‐doped graphene demonstrates a tunable doping state from large n‐type doping to p‐type doping because of the high affinity of phosphorus to water molecules. Finally, stable n‐type doping of MLG by passivating it with a parylene thin film is demonstrated.
Anisotropic In Situ Strain‐Engineered Halide Perovskites for High Mechanical Flexibility
Authors: Kim Da Bin , Lee Jung Won , Cho Yong Soo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEven though halide perovskite materials have been increasingly investigated as flexible devices, mechanical properties under flexible environments have rarely been reported on. Herein, a nonconventional deposition technique that can generate extra compressive or tensile stress in representative inorganic CsPbBr3 and hybrid MAPbI3 (methylammonium lead iodide) halide perovskites is proposed for higher mechanical flexibility. As an impressive result of bending fracture evaluation, fracture energy is substantially improved by ≈260% for CsPbBr3 and ≈161% for MAPbI3 with the maximum compressive strain of −1.33%. Origin of the flexibility enhancements by the in situ strain is verified with structural simulation where the anisotropic lattice distortion, that is, contraction in the ab plane and elongation along the c‐axis, is evident with changes in atomic bond lengths and angles in the halide perovskites. Other mechanical properties such as hardness, film strength, and fracture toughness are also discussed with direct comparisons between the inorganic and hybrid halides. Beyond the successful adjustment of this in situ deposition technique, the strain‐dependent mechanical properties are expected to be extensively useful for designing halides‐based flexible devices.
Hybrid State Engineering of Phase‐Change Metasurface for All‐Optical Cryptography
Authors: Choi Chulsoo , Mun Sang‐Eun , Sung Jangwoon , Choi Kyunghee , Lee Seung‐Yeol , Lee Byoungho 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChalcogenide material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) has bistable phases, the so‐called amorphous and crystalline phases that exhibit large refractive index contrast. It can be reversibly switched within a nanosecond time scale through applying thermal bias, especially optical or electrical pulse signals. Recently, GST has been exploited as an ingredient of all‐optical dynamic metasurfaces, thanks to its ultrafast and efficient switching functionality. However, most of these devices provide only two‐level switching functionality and this limitation hinders their application to diverse all‐optical systems. In this paper, the method to expand switching functionality of GST metasurfaces to three level through engineering thermo‐optically creatable hybrid state that is co‐existing state of amorphous and crystalline GST‐based meta‐atoms is proposed. Furthermore, the novel hologram technique is introduced for providing the visual information that is only recognizable in the hybrid state GST metasurface. Thanks to thermo‐optical complexity to make the hybrid state, the metasurface allows the realization of highly secured visual cryptography architecture without the complex optical setup. The phase‐change metasurface based on multi‐physical design has significant potential for applications such as all‐optical image encryption, security, and anti‐counterfeiting.
Programming Multiphase Media Superwetting States in the Oil–Water–Air System: Evolutions in Hydrophobic–Hydrophilic Surface Heterogeneous Chemistry
Authors: Sun Yihan , Guo Zhiguang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractStudies toward tailoring macroscopic extreme wetting behaviors on a certain well‐defined surface in multiphase media are significant but still at an infant stage. Herein, superantiwetting evolutions in the oil–water–air system can be programmed from single to quadruple superrepellence by controlling the surface hydrophobic–hydrophilic heterogeneous chemistry. Ammonia vapor exposure makes the realization of challenging superhydrophilicity–superoleophobicity possible in air medium, causing the transition from quadruple to triple superantiwetting states in the oil–water–air system. Upon UV illumination, only single superrepellence–underwater superoleophobicity is maintained on titanium dioxide (TiO2, P25)‐based coatings. A reversible transition between underoil superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity via an alternating UV irradiation and heating process leads to a switching between “water‐absorbing” and “size‐sieving” effects in water‐in‐oil emulsion separation. A comparative study for investigating two such effects in emulsion separation is further investigated. The current conceptual insights not only extend superwetting states to multiphase media, but can also deepen the understanding of the relationship between macroscopic extreme wetting behaviors and surface chemistry.
Photoinduced Phase Segregation in Mixed Halide Perovskites: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects of Cl–Br Segregation
Authors: Cho Junsang , Kamat Prashant V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSuppression of halide ion mobility remains a key issue in defining the device performances and stability of perovskite solar cells. The halide ion migration is facilitated by the lattice‐distortion‐mediated halide vacancy and hence dictated by the polarizability (or rigidity) of the halide sublattice and framework. Photoinduced halide ion segregation and dark recovery of MAPb(Cl0.5Br0.5)3 films are now probed. The temperature dependence of the rate constants of segregation and dark remixing allow to determine the activation energy barriers (Ea) for photosegregation (38 kJ mol−1) and dark recovery (42 kJ mol−1). A comparison of the segregation activation energy (Ea) and excitation intensity threshold between MAPb(Cl0.5Br0.5)3 and MAPb(Br0.5I0.5)3 films reflects that the presence of Cl stabilizes mixed halide composition. The thermodynamic stabilization is attributed to the formation of more rigid [PbX6]4− frameworks with an increased barrier for halide ion migration. The thermodynamic rationale behind the intriguing halide ion mobility offers a fundamental insight into the role of Cl and design principle of perovskite solar cells with improved efficiency and long‐term stability.
Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage in Amine‐Activated Polydopamine
Authors: Coskun Halime , Aljabour Abdalaziz , Greunz Theresia , Kehrer Matthias , Stifter David , Stadler Philipp 
Published: October 2020

AbstractElectrochemical hydrogen storage combines the evolution, oxidation, and storage of hydrides from aqueous electrolytes and ionic liquids, but presently requires palladium or rare‐earth metals to achieve significant power capacities. Here hydrogen electrosorption in amine‐activated polydopamine is shown. The organic heterogeneous amine‐hydride yields a gravimetric hydrogen density of 0.44%, corresponding to a 80% hydride‐per‐monomer content, and offers similar reaction kinetics as for palladium and related systems. An initial stability test of 100 electrosorption cycles that demonstrates resilience in acidic media with a tendency for increased capacity over time is included. In situ vibronic amine‐hydride fingerprints corroborate the reversibility and stability of the conversion process and highlight the merits of amine‐activated polydopamines as a heterogeneous organic hydrogen storage system.
Functional traits of leaves and photosynthetic stems of species from a sarcocaulescent scrub in the southern Baja California Peninsula
Authors: Ávila‐Lovera Eleinis , Garcillán Pedro P. , Silva‐Bejarano Christian , Santiago Louis S. 
Published: October 2020

PremisePhotosynthetic stems represent a source of extra carbon in plants from hot and dry environments, but little is known about how leaves and photosynthetic stems differ in terms of photosynthetic capacity, trait coordination, and responses to seasonal drought in subtropical systems.MethodsWe studied photosynthetic, hydraulic, morphometric (specific leaf area [SLA], wood density [WD]), and biochemical (C and N isotopes) traits in leaves and photosynthetic stems of 12 plant species from a sarcocaulescent scrub in the southern Baja California Peninsula, Mexico, in wet and dry seasons.ResultsLeaves and stems had similar mean photosynthetic capacity, as evaluated by chlorophyll fluorescence traits, indicating similar investment in leaf and stem photosynthesis. We did not find a relationship between stem hydraulic conductivity and leaf or stem photosynthetic traits. However, we found resource allocation trade‐offs, between WD and both stem hydraulic conductivity and SLA. Leaf and stem photosynthetic traits did not change with season, but specific stem area was one of the few traits that changed the most between seasons—it increased during the dry season by as much as 154% indicating substantial water storage.ConclusionsOur results indicate the same proportional investment in photosynthetic capacity and dry matter in both leaves and photosynthetic stems across all 12 species. We identified multiple strategies at this seasonal site, with species ranging from high WD, low SLA, low hydraulic conductivity, and high specific bark area on one end of the spectrum and opposite traits on the other end.
Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Comparative Study of Macrocyclic Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Compounds: Molecular Charge Stability vs OLED EQE Roll‐Off
Authors: Nyga Aleksandra , Izumi Saika , Higginbotham Heather F. , Stachelek Patrycja , Pluczyk Sandra , de Silva Piotr , Minakata Satoshi , Takeda Youhei , Data Przemyslaw 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this work, we present how a small change in molecular structure can affect the electrochemical stability of organic compounds. A new electron donor‐acceptor‐donor‐acceptor (D‐A‐D‐A) macrocyclic π‐conjugated compound (tBuMC) comprising of dibenzophenazine as As and N,N’‐bis(t‐butylphenyl)‐p‐phenylenediamines as Ds has been synthesized. The photophysical investigation uncovered that tBuMC showed thermally activated delayed fluorescence and that the organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) fabricated with tBuMC as the emitter achieved high external quantum efficiency (EQEs) of ca. 10%. However, the OLED with tBuMC showed a slightly lower EQE than that of the OLED with MC (11.6%) and showed greater EQE roll‐off. Comparative studies on electrochemical properties of tBuMC, MC, and a linear analogue (Linear) revealed the introduction of t‐Bu groups in the D‐A‐D‐A scaffold causes a significant change in redox behavior. Full electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies gave clues to understand how the steric hindering group is affecting the charge distribution in the new molecules which results in a significant difference in the OLED roll‐off. The electrochemical investigations together with UV‐Vis‐NIR and EPR analyses supported by quantum chemical theoretical calculations were performed, which provided us insights on the effect of structural modification on the redox properties of the D‐A‐D‐A scaffold.
Diversity Analysis and Associated Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil inPyrrosia petiolosa
Authors: Fan Ya , Xin Xiaowei , Liu Li , Feng Haiyang , Wang Ping , Zhang Yingying , Gao Demin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe continued development of folk medicine to potentially treat infectious diseases has resulted in an increase in natural sources of antimicrobial agents, particularly the use of plant essential oils containing volatile products from secondary metabolism. The objectives of this investigation were to (i) analyze the chemical components of essential oils using GC/MS and (ii) to examine theirin vitroantimicrobial activities against four strains of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis,Escherichia coliandShigella flexneri) and one fungus (Candida albicans) by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) in liquid and solid media, respectively, from differentPyrrosia petiolosalocations. Eighty‐eight evaporable compounds were confirmed in their essential oils; the major components in the oils were 2,4‐pentadienal (12.5 %), phytol (10.5 %) and nonanal (8.6 %). Based on hierarchical cluster analysis,Pyrrosiasamples were categorized into four groups, indicating significant essential oil diversity from differentPyrrosialocations. Results also indicated that essential oils had a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities, particularly againstShigella flexneriandStaphylococcus aureuswith MICs of 5 μL/mL. Results from this investigation are the first to record the chemical component and antimicrobial potential of essential oils from differentP. Petiolosalocations.
A novel fiber‐optic based 0.014″ pressure wire: Designs of the OptoWire™, development phases, and the O2 first‐in‐man results
Authors: Ulacia Paola , Rimac Goran , Lalancette Sébastien , Belleville Claude , Mongrain Rosaire , Plante Sylvain , Rusza Zoltan , Matsuo Hitoshi , Bertrand Olivier F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo review the technical limitations of available pressure‐wires, present the design evolution of a nitinol fiber‐optic pressure wire and to summarize the First‐in‐Man (FIM) O2 pilot study results.BackgroundDespite increasing use of physiology assessment of coronary lesions, several technical limitations persist. We present technical details, design evolution and early clinical results with a novel 0.014” nitinol fiber‐optic based pressure‐wire.Methods and ResultsThe 0.014’ OptoWire™ (Opsens Medical, Quebec, Canada) was designed to combine improved handling properties compared to standard pressure‐wires and to offer extremely reliable pressure recording and transmission due to fiber‐optic properties compared to piezo‐electric sensors and electrical wires. In vitro assessment showed that OptoWire™ steerability, pushability and torquability properties were closer to regular PCI wires than standard electrical pressure wires. In the First‐in‐Man O2 study, 60 patients were recruited at 2 centers in Canada. A total of 103 lesions were assessed with the OptoWire™ and OptoMonitor™, 75 lesions at baseline and 28 lesions post‐PCI (without disconnection). In all crossed lesions (n = 100, 97%), mean Pd/Pa and FFR could be adequately measured. In 11 cases assessed successively with OptoWire™ and Aegis™ (Abbott Vascular, USA) bland‐Altman analysis showed a mean difference of 0.002 ± 0.052 mmHg (p = .91) for Pd/Pa and 0.01 ± 0.06 for FFR calculation (p = .45). There was no device‐related complication. Upon these initial results, several design changes aimed to improve overall performance including torquability, stiffness, resistance to kink and pressure drift were completed.ConclusionThe novel 0.014” fiber‐optic OptoWire™ provides superior wire handling with reduced risk of pressure drift allowing reliable pre‐ and post‐PCI physiology assessment.
Self‐assembly of Soluble Nanoarchitecture using Hybrids of Diblock Copolypeptide Amphiphiles with Copper Rubeanate Hydrates in Water and Their Electrooxidation Reaction
Authors: Tanimura Yuya , Sakuragi Mina , Deming Timothy J. , Kuroiwa Keita 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA simple approach for producing supramolecular nanohybrids was developed allowing preparation of soluble hybrid two‐dimensional nanosheets in water through spontaneous organization of two‐dimensional Cu(II) rubeanate hydrate (which by itself does not dissolve in water or common organic solvents) and cationic diblock copolypeptide amphiphiles. These components self‐assembled into nanosheets with thicknesses of about several nm and widths on the order of several micrometers. Notably, the nanostructures were dependent on polypeptides containing leucine, suggesting that both cationic and hydrophobic polypeptide components are involved in generating the two‐dimensional (2D) nanosheet structures. The supramolecular hybrids exhibited excellent stability, and made it possible to control spectroscopic properties including ligand‐to‐metal‐charge‐transfer (LMCT), d‐d transition, electrochemical behavior, and electrooxidation reactions with ethanol in aqueous media.
Photomodulation of Caged RNA Oligonucleotide Functions in Living Systems
Authors: Chen Changmai , Wang Zhongyu , Jing Nannan , Chen Wei , Tang Xinjing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUsing exogenous optical triggers to continuously achieve the precise conditional control of gene expression regulation and dynamic biological processes is one of the central themes of photochemical biology of nucleic acids. Light, a quick and noninvasive stimulus, is a crucial trigger for “off‐on” photoswitching of the functions of caged molecules, including peptides and proteins, as well as oligonucleotides. In this Minireview, we mainly focus on photochemical strategies based on caged RNA oligonucleotides for optochemical control of biological functions, including caged siRNA, caged miRNA, and caged guide RNA for CRISPR/Cas9. Light‐activated RNA oligonucleotide strategies will exhibit promising applications for exploring the spatiotemporal regulation of specific gene functions and the design of stimuli‐sensitive oligonucleotide prodrugs.