bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DO NOT BECOME A BURDEN: ACTIVATION AND DISENGAGEMENT PRESCRIPTIVE AGE STEREOTYPES
Authors: Couto Clara de Paula , Rothermund Klaus 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Prescriptive age stereotypes encompass activation (active-aging) and disengagement expectations (succession-consumption-identity). We investigated whether activation and disengagement represent opposite stereotypes or whether they exemplify the overarching norm that older adults should not become a burden to other people and society. Based on data of the Ageing-as-Future project (N=743 German participants, 40-90 years old) our findings support the idea that activation and disengagement represent a single superordinate prescriptive age stereotype: (a) items assessing prescriptive age stereotypes form a single factor comprising activation and disengagement, (b) activation and disengagement show an increase in the strength of personal endorsement over the lifespan, demonstrating an internalization of these stereotypes as people become older, and (c) relations to reference variables show that internalized prescriptive stereotypes are more strongly associated with preparation for age-related changes, reflecting an internalization of the norm that one should take individual responsibility for their age rather than enjoying life in old age.
BESIDES ACTIVE AGING? A TRANQUIL LIFE AFTER RETIREMENT
Authors: Liou Shyhnan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This research explores how people think of the time plan after their retirement in rural area in Taiwan. fifty-nine participants in rural communities were interviewed. The findings show patterns of a tranquil life after retirement in three aspects which represent the philosophy mixing in Taiwan (Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism). 1). Taking things as they are and following the mandate of heaven(Taoism). 2). the retirement life will not be affected by social changes, and feeling that the pace of life in the society has not changed (Buddhism). 3) When talking about “Future aspirations” and “Future ideal life”, they show concern to their children and posterity. (Confucianism). The findings of tranquil life contribute an alternative way of active ageing with considering the culture. The implications of tranquil life are discussed in the design of elderly education program, technology development to enhance social interaction, and culturally motivated ageing and wisdom.
COMMUNITY NETWORKS ADDRESSING AGING WITH LIFELONG DISABILITIES
Authors: Ansello Edward F 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Adults aging with lifelong developmental disabilities (I/DD: Down syndrome and other intellectual disabilities, cerebral palsy, etc.) continue to pose a challenge to the Aging Network, developmental services, and healthcare systems. Some funded projects, model programs, and episodic initiatives have helped advance intersystem collaboration but there is still scant federal or state public policy specific to aging with lifelong disabilities. The Area Planning and Services Committee (APSC), a product of three consecutive AoA grants on building and testing intersystem cooperation/collaboration between these systems, is a partnership of community based organizations and academe operating in metro Richmond since 2003. Its successful hands on, interdisciplinary management process has implemented needs assessments, statewide training, staff development, dementia awareness, etc., and been a model for the Virginia Geriatric Education Center (VGEC) Plenary overseeing all GWEP programs. The APSC history informs VGEC GWEP’s incorporating I/DD content into faculty development programs, microlearning, ECHO, and other practitioner training.
Organizational politics and complexity: Coase vs. Arrow, March, and Simon
Authors: Marengo Luigi 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article argues that the transaction cost approach to the problem of organizing economic activities is undermined by a neglect of the consequences of the complexity of the interconnections among such activities and, in particular, of the complexity generated by conflict and divergent interests of the agents involved. With the increase of conflict, organizational equilibria cease to exist. Thus hierarchy is, in principle, not necessarily an efficiency increasing remedy to the existence of transaction costs but can be explained also as a way to provide temporary equilibria in the everlasting organizational conflict.
Inter-relationships among key reproductive health indicators in sub-Saharan Africa focusing on the central role of maternal literacy
Authors: Woldegiorgis Mulu Abraha , Meyer Denny , Hiller Janet E , Mekonnen Wubegzier , Bhowmik Jahar 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Indicators of reproductive health (RH) are expected to be both inter-related and associated with key social determinants. As the provision of RH services is usually integrated, the effort to improve one RH component should influence the other components. However, there is a lack of evidence-based models demonstrating the inter-relationships. The purpose of this study was to examine the inter-relationships among key RH indicators and their relationship with women’s literacy in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Methods
Data were sourced from the most recent demographic and health survey conducted between 2010 and 2016 in 391 provinces of 29 SSA countries. We examined seven RH indicators along with women’s literacy. The unit of analysis was at the provincial level. Structural equation modelling was used to examine the strength of relationships among these indicators and with women’s literacy, using the total standardized effect sizes. Significance tests and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for these effects were calculated using a bias-corrected bootstrap method.

Results
RH indicators are strongly interrelated and are associated with women’s literacy. The strongest relationship is observed between women’s literacy rate and the contraception prevalence rate, with a total standardized effect size of 0.79 (95% CI 0.74–0.83). The model of inter-relationships developed in this study may guide the design, implementation and evaluation of RH policies and programmes.

Conclusions
The key challenge in reducing fertility in SSA is to reduce people fertility desire. This could mainly be addressed by enhancing integrated approaches especially between the education and health sectors.
An uncommon presentation of a sinister entity
Authors: Naidu Krishanth , Gananadha Sivakumar 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A case of a female patient presenting with clinical findings ominous for a neoplastic bowel obstruction is reported. Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated a bowel obstruction with evidence of intussusception. Laparotomy revealed an irreducible ileoileal intussusception and segments of the jejunum infiltrated with pigmented deposits. There was no perforation and no evidence of an ulcerating or fungating mass. Intestinal melanoma is not an uncommon sequela of cutaneous melanoma, yet the disease can occur as a primary intestinal process, albeit this is a rarity. Surgical resection is the primary treatment modality and may offer the hope of increased symptom-free survival and overall survival for those patients suffering from metastatic or primary melanoma of the small intestine.
A simple model of time-dependent ionization in Type IIP supernova envelopes
Authors: Potashov M , Yudin A 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
We propose a model kinetic system of the hydrogen atom (two levels plus continuum) under the conditions typical for atmospheres of Type IIP supernovae in the plateau stage. Despite the simplicity of this system, it describes realistically the basic properties of the complete system. Analysis shows that the ionization ‘freeze-out’ effect is always manifest at large times. We give a simple criterion for checking the statistical equilibrium of a system under the given conditions at any time. It is shown that if the system is in non-equilibrium at early times, the time-dependent effect of ionization necessarily exists. We also generalize this criterion to the case of arbitrary multilevel systems. We discuss various factors that affect the strength of the time-dependent effect in the kinetics during the photospheric phase of a supernova explosion.
An fMRI study of inhibitory control and the effects of exposure to violence in Latin-American early adolescents: alterations in frontoparietal activation and performance
Authors: Cará Valentina Metsavaht , Esper Nathalia Bianchini , de Azeredo Lucas Araújo , Iochpe Victoria , Dalfovo Nicole Prigol , Santos Rhaná Carolina , Sanvicente-Vieira Breno , Grassi-Oliveira Rodrigo , Franco Alexandre Rosa , Buchweitz Augusto 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We used functional magnetic resonance to investigate the effects of exposure to violence on early adolescent brain function in an inhibitory control task. We investigated the association among scores on self-reported exposure to violence, performance and brain activation. Thirty-seven early adolescents (ages 10–14) from a Latin-American urban region participated in the study. Results showed that recent and chronic exposure to violence was associated with less activation of a network of frontal regions, including the anterior cingulate gyrus and the superior frontal cortex; recent exposure to violence was also associated with less activation of the superior parietal lobe. Results also showed that less activation correlated with more prominent deterioration in the performance in the inhibitory control task (increased latency with time). The findings suggest that early adolescence exposure to violence is associated with differences in activation of a neural network commonly associated with executive function and control. The results underscore the urgency of addressing exposure to violence in adolescence, a period of high susceptibility to the environment, and are discussed in the light of the evidence of the effects of violence on adolescent brain function. Executive function training may be a candidate for targeted cognitive interventions aimed at mitigating these effects.
Teleost fish can accurately estimate distance travelled
Authors: Karlsson C. , Willis J.K. , Patel M. , de Perera T. Burt 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTerrestrial animals compute shortcuts through their environment by integrating self-motion vectors containing distance and direction information. The sensory and neural mechanisms underlying this navigational feat have been extensively documented, but their evolutionary origins remain unexplored. Among extant vertebrates, the teleost fish make up one of the most diverse and earliest-branching phylogenetic groups, and provide a powerful system to study the origins of vertebrate spatial processing. However, how freely-swimming teleost fish collect and compute metric spatial information underwater are unknown. Using the Picasso triggerfish,Rhinecanthus aculeatus, we investigate the functional and mechanistic basis of distance estimation in teleost fish for the first time. We show that a fish can learn and remember distance travelled with remarkable accuracy. By analysing swimming trajectories, we form hypotheses about how distance is represented in the teleost brain, and propose that distance may be encoded by dedicated neural structures in a similar way to terrestrial vertebrates. Finally, we begin exploring the sensory mechanisms underlying distance estimation in fish. Many walking animals use a step counter for odometry. By quantifying finbeat use during our distance task, we show that a functionally equivalent finbeat counter is unlikely to provide reliable and precise distance information in an aquatic environment.
Theoretical relation between axon initial segment geometry and excitability
Authors: Goethals Sarah , Brette Romain 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn most vertebrate neurons, action potentials are triggered at the distal end of the axon initial segment (AIS). Both position and length of the AIS vary across and within neuron types, with activity, development and pathology. What is the impact of AIS geometry on excitability? Direct empirical assessment has proven difficult because of the many potential confounding factors. Here we carried a principled theoretical analysis to answer this question. We provide a simple formula relating AIS geometry and sodium conductance density to the somatic voltage threshold. A distal shift of the AIS normally produces a (modest) increase in excitability, but we explain how this pattern can reverse if a hyperpolarizing current is present at the AIS, due to resistive coupling with the soma. This work provides a theoretical tool to assess the significance of structural AIS plasticity for electrical function.
Intranasal Glyphosate-Based Herbicide Administration Alters the Redox Balance and the Cholinergic System in the Mouse Brain
Authors: Gallegos Cristina Eugenia , Bartos Mariana , Gumilar Fernanda , Raisman-Vozari Rita , Minetti Alejandra , Baier Carlos Javier 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTPesticide exposure is associated with cognitive and psychomotor disorders. Glyphosate-based herbicides (GlyBH) are among the most used agrochemicals, and inhalation of GlyBH sprays may arise from frequent aerial pulverizations. Previously, we described that intranasal (IN) administration of GlyBH in mice decreases locomotor activity, increases anxiety, and impairs recognition memory. Then, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms involved in GlyBH neurotoxicity after IN administration. Adult male CF-1 mice were exposed to GlyBH IN administration (equivalent to 50 mg/kg/day of Gly acid, 3 days a week, during 4 weeks). Total thiol content and the activity of the enzymes catalase, acetylcholinesterase and transaminases were evaluated in different brain areas. In addition, markers of the cholinergic and the nigrostriatal pathways, as well as of astrocytes were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy in coronal brain sections. The brain areas chosen for analysis were those seen to be affected in our previous study. GlyBH IN administration impaired the redox balance of the brain and modified the activities of enzymes involved in cholinergic and glutamatergic pathways. Moreover, GlyBH treatment decreased the number of cholinergic neurons in the medial septum as well as the expression of the α7-acetylcholine receptor in the hippocampus. Also, the number of astrocytes increased in the anterior olfactory nucleus of the exposed mice. Taken together, these disturbances may contribute to the neurobehavioural impairments reported previously by us after IN GlyBH administration in mice.
Toxoplasma Cathepsin Protease B and Aspartyl Protease 1 play recessive roles in endolysosomal protein digestion during infection
Authors: McDonald Christian , Smith David , Di Cristina Manlio , Kannan Geetha , Dou Zhicheng , Carruthers Vern B. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTThe lysosome-like vacuolar compartment (VAC) is a major site of proteolysis in the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Previous studies have shown that genetic ablation of a VAC-residing cysteine protease, cathepsin protease L (CPL), resulted in accumulation of undigested protein in the VAC and loss of parasite viability during the chronic stage of infection. However, since the maturation of another VAC localizing protease, cathepsin protease B (CPB), is dependent on CPL, it remained unknown whether these defects result directly from ablation of CPL or indirectly from a lack of CPB maturation. Likewise, although a previously described cathepsin D-like aspartyl protease 1 (ASP1) could also play a role in proteolysis, its definitive residence and function in the Toxoplasma endolysosomal system was not well defined. Here we demonstrate that CPB is not necessary for protein turnover in the VAC and that CPB deficient parasites have normal growth and viability in both the acute and chronic stages of infection. We also show that ASP1 depends on CPL for correct maturation and it resides in the T. gondii VAC where, similar to CPB, it plays a dispensable role in protein digestion. Taken together with previous work, our findings suggest that CPL is the dominant protease in a hierarchy of proteolytic enzymes within the VAC. This unusual lack of redundancy for CPL in T. gondii makes it a single exploitable target for disrupting chronic toxoplasmosis.
Transmission network reconstruction for foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks incorporating farm-level covariates
Authors: Firestone Simon M. , Hayama Yoko , Lau Max S. Y. , Yamamoto Takehisa , Nishi Tatsuya , Bradhurst Richard A. , Demirhan Haydar , Stevenson Mark A. , Tsutsui Toshiyuki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTransmission network modelling to infer ‘who infected whom’ in infectious disease outbreaks is a highly active area of research. Outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease have been a key focus of transmission network models that integrate genomic and epidemiological data. The aim of this study was to extend Lau’s systematic Bayesian inference framework to incorporate additional parameters representing predominant species and numbers of animals held on a farm.Lau’s Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm was reformulated, verified and pseudo-validated on simulated outbreaks populated with demographic data Japan and Australia. The modified model was then implemented on genomic and epidemiological data from the 2010 outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in Japan, and outputs compared to those from the SCOTTI model implemented in BEAST2.The modified model achieved improvements in overall accuracy when tested on the simulated outbreaks. When implemented on the actual outbreak data from Japan, infected farms that held predominantly pigs were estimated to have five times the transmissibility of infected cattle farms and be 49% less susceptible. The farm-level incubation period was 1 day shorter than the latent period, the timing of the seeding of the outbreak in Japan was inferred, as were key linkages between clusters and features of farms involved in widespread dissemination of this outbreak. To improve accessibility the modified model has been implemented as the R package ‘BORIS’ for use in future outbreaks.
Conjunctive Representations that Integrate Stimuli, Responses, and Rules are Critical for Action Selection
Authors: Kikumoto Atsushi , Mayr Ulrich 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPeople can use abstract rules to flexibly configure and select actions for specific situations. Yet how exactly rules shape actions towards specific sensory and/or motor requirements remains unclear. One possibility is that rules become integrated with sensory/response features in a non-linear, conjunctive manner (e.g., event files; Hommel, 1998) to drive rule-guided action selection. To dynamically track such conjunctive representations during action selection, we applied a time-resolved representational similarity analysis to the spectral-temporal profiles of the EEG signal, while participants selected actions based on varying rules. Across two experiments, we found that action selection engages conjunctive representations binding action rules to specific sensory/motor settings throughout the entire selection period. The strength of conjunctions was the most important predictor of trial-by-trial variability in response times (RTs) and was closely, and selectively, related to an important behavioral indicator of event files—the partial-overlap priming pattern. Thus, conjunctive representations were functionally dissociated from their constituent action features and play a critical role during flexible selection of action.
Transcriptome-wide transmission disequilibrium analysis identifies novel risk genes for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Huang Kunling , Wu Yuchang , Shin Junha , Zheng Ye , Siahpirani Alireza Fotuhi , Lin Yupei , Ni Zheng , Chen Jiawen , You Jing , Keles Sunduz , Wang Daifeng , Roy Sushmita , Lu Qiongshi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecent advances in consortium-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have highlighted the involvement of common genetic variants in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but our understanding of their etiologic roles, especially the interplay with rare variants, is incomplete. In this work, we introduce an analytical framework to quantify the transmission disequilibrium of genetically regulated gene expression from parents to offspring. We applied this framework to conduct a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) on 7,805 ASD proband-parent trios, and replicated our findings using 35,740 independent samples. We identified 31 associations at the transcriptome-wide significance level. In particular, we identified POU3F2 (p=2.1e-7), a transcription factor (TF) mainly expressed in developmental brain. TF targets regulated by POU3F2 showed a 2.1-fold enrichment for known ASD genes (p=4.6e-5) and a 2.7-fold enrichment for loss-of-function de novo mutations in ASD probands (p=7.1e-5). These results provide a clear example of the connection between ASD genes affected by very rare mutations and an unlinked key regulator affected by common genetic variations.
Paradoxical role of AT-rich interactive domain 1A in restraining pancreatic carcinogenesis
Authors: Ferri-Borgogno Sammy , Barui Sugata , McGee Amberly , Griffiths Tamara , Singh Pankaj K , Piett Cortt G , Ghosh Bidyut , Bhattacharyya Sanchari , Singhi Aatur , Pradhan Kith , Verma Amit , Nagel Zac , Maitra Anirban , Gupta Sonal 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsARID1A is postulated to be a tumor suppressor gene owing to loss-of-function mutations in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). However, its role in pancreatic pathogenesis is not clear despite recent studies using genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models. We aimed at further understanding of its direct functional role in PDAC, using a combination of GEM model, PDAC cell lines.MethodsPancreas-specific mutant Arid1a-driven GEM model (Ptf1a-Cre;KrasG12D;Arid1af/f or “KAC”) was generated by crossing Ptf1a-Cre;KrasG12D (“KC”) mice with Arid1af/f mice and characterized histologically with timed necropsies. Arid1a was also deleted using CRISPR-Cas9 system in established PDAC cell lines to study the immediate effects of Arid1a loss in isogenic models. Cells lines with or without Arid1a expression were developed from respective autochthonous PDAC GEM models, compared functionally using various culture assays, and subjected to RNA-sequencing for comparative gene expression analysis. DNA damage repair was analyzed in cultured cells using immunofluorescence and COMET assay.ResultsArid1a is critical for early progression of mutant Kras-driven pre-malignant lesions into PDAC, as evident by lower Ki-67 and higher apoptosis staining in “KAC” as compared to “KC” mice. Enforced deletion of Arid1a in established PDAC cell lines caused suppression of cellular growth and migration, accompanied by compromised DNA damage repair. Despite early development of relatively indolent cystic precursor lesions called intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), a subset of “KAC” mice developed aggressive PDAC in later ages. PDAC cells obtained from older autochthonous “KAC” mice revealed epigenetic changes underlying the various compensatory mechanisms to overcome the growth suppressive effects of Arid1a loss.ConclusionsArid1a is an essential survival gene whose loss impairs cellular growth, and thus, its expression is critical during early stages of pancreatic tumorigenesis in mouse models.