bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What does frustration, serendipity and uncertainties of global media and communication means? Some versions from Latvia and Estonia
Authors: Hanovs Deniss , Rozukalne Anda 
Published: April 2020

In a short novel by contemporary Russian writer Vladimir Sorokin “White square” (2018), the moderator of the show with the same title gets killed during the show in which four guests express their visions of present society. Everyone can follow the killing on-line, having voted shortly before for the most entertaining guest. After having received an injection of a new chemical formula which is supposed to entertain the audience, the four participants get wild and destroy the whole show enjoyed by the audience. A new moderator is being engaged to let the show go on...
This rather gothic plot shows another part of the reality – the memories of the director of the show about someone, a person unknown to the reader, who has been killed to start the bloody entertainment. The ring, made of the skin of this unknown person gets lost and lands in a realm beyond the on-line entertainment culture: poor workers, their uneducated wives and alcoholics, who still inhabit the off-line everyday life of low wages, heavy physical jobs and simple joys ignored by blood thirsty audience, voting and selling advertisement time for higher prices. Both groups, digital media users and poor underpaid blue collars are in contemporary Europe and the USA targets for populist messages in media.
A Representation of migration in Latvian mass media (2015 – 2016): Deny voice to the voiceless
Authors: Rozukalne Anda , Kruks Sergejs , Stakle Alnis , Skulte Ilva 
Published: April 2020

The main focus of the research is the representation of migration in Latvian media. In total, 860 publications were analysed covering both Latvian and Russian speaking media content, and the following two methodological approaches were applied: the framing analysis of textual and visual content, and historical discourse analysis in order to reveal the arguments and strategies behind the justification of intolerance. The research data reveals that the framing of migration in Latvian media is left in the hands of politicians and officials. Economic strains and threat argumentation topoi dominate media discussions. The influence of migration is explained and approached from an economic perspective, and most frequently, the intolerance against migrants is interpreted as a failure attributed to the political elite – their inability to solve problems. Intolerance justification strategies were detected in 79% of the publications. This figure confirms that the authors are aware of intolerance not being a virtue nowadays, and the causes of it must be backed up and supported. Visual messages depict migrants exclusively as unidentifiable, dangerous, as a part of an anonymous crowd.
Use of Standing Orders for Vaccination Among Pediatricians
Authors: Cataldi Jessica , O’Leary Sean T. , Lindley Megan C. , Allison Mandy A. , Hurley Laura P. , Crane Lori A. , Brtnikova Michaela , Beaty Brenda , McBurney Erin , Kempe Allison 
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVES:Standing orders are an effective way to increase vaccination rates, yet little is known about how pediatricians use this strategy for childhood immunizations. We assessed current use of, barriers to using, and factors associated with use of standing orders for vaccination among pediatricians.METHODS:Internet and mail survey from June 2017 to September 2017 among a nationally representative sample of pediatricians. In the principal component analysis of barrier items, we identified 2 factors: physician responsibility and concerns about office processes. A multivariable analysis that included barrier scales and physician and/or practice characteristics was used to identify factors associated with use of standing orders.RESULTS:The response rate was 79% (372 of 471); 59% of respondents reported using standing orders. The most commonly identified barriers among nonusers were concern that patients may mistakenly receive the wrong vaccine (68%), concern that patients prefer to speak with the physician about a vaccine before receiving it (62%), and belief that it is important for the physician to be the person who recommends a vaccine to patients (57%). These 3 items also made up the physician responsibility barrier factor. Respondents with higher physician responsibility scores were less likely to use standing orders (risk ratio: 0.59 [95% confidence interval: 0.53–0.66] per point increase). System-level decision-making about vaccines, suburban or rural location, and lower concerns about office processes scores were each associated with use of standing orders in the bivariate, but not the multivariable, analysis.CONCLUSIONS:Among pediatricians, use of standing orders for vaccination is far from universal. Interventions to increase use of standing orders should address physicians’ attitudinal barriers as well as organizational factors.
Distribution of solid-phase reduction of iron in a layer of ilmenite concentrate
Authors: Smirnov K. I. , Gamov P. A. , Roshchin V. E. 
Published: April 2020

Processing of titanium-containing ores with extraction of all the major elements is an urgent task of minerals rational use. It is shown that none of the existing processing schemes allows extracting of all the major useful elements at the same time from titanium-containing iron ores, i.e. – iron, titanium and vanadium. This problem can be solved using selective extraction of these elements based on new ideas about electronic reduction mechanism. Propagation of the process of solid-phase selective reduction of iron with the powder of carbon-containing material deep into the layer of grains of ilmenite concentrate from the surface of its contact was experimentally studied. The results of determining the amount of metal phase released as it moves away from the concentrate – reducing agent contact boundary are presented. Based on the results concerning amount of precipitated metal phase, a conclusion was made about diffusion processes in a layer of concentrate grains contacting only between themselves, limiting process of iron reduction. It is shown that near the plane of contact of solid reducing agent with the layer of concentrate grains, the rate of iron reduction is higher than the rate of high iron content phase precipitation from ilmenite. In depth of ilmenite concentrate layer, process of iron reduction is preceded by formation of iron-containing silicate phase from concentrate grains, where iron is reduced earlier than in ilmenite grains. Formation of iron-containing silicate phase contributes ilmenite grains sintering. It was concluded that in the concentrate layer in contact with solid reducing agent layer in absence of contact of each ilmenite grain with solid reducing agent, the point contact of grains and presence of voids between them in the layer do not prevent propagation of reduction process in the layer of grains contacting with each other only.
Comparison parameters for carbon ferrochrome smelting in AC and DC furnaces
Authors: Shkirmontov A. P. , Bishenov S. A. 
Published: April 2020

One of the interesting technical solutions is technology of ferroalloys smelting using direct current (DC). In DC ferroalloy furnaces, apparently, it is possible to eliminate such a parameter as power factor in furnace circuit after current converter. Many researchers assume that melting at direct current allows intensification of the process of charge melting, increases reduction of leading elements of ferroalloy and reduces specific consumption of electricity. In this paper, brief analysis of carbon ferrochromium smelting in alternating current (AC) and in direct current (DC) furnaces is made based on energotechnological criterion of ferroalloy electric furnace performance. It is shown that with comparable active capacity in bath, AC furnaces have higher energotechnological criteria (0.2185 – 0.2381), compared to DC furnaces (0.1109 – 0.1320), at current level of technology used for carbonaceous ferrochrome smelting. Thus, in AC furnaces, specific electric power consumption in ferrochrome smelting is lower than in DC furnaces by 20 – 28 %.
As tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação como mediadoras na alfabetização de pessoas com transtorno do espectro do autismo: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Almeida da Silva Josiane , Elias de Carvalho Michele , Varginha Ramos Caiado Roberta , Barbosa Rêgo Barros Isabela 
Published: April 2020

Esta pesquisa objetiva discutir o uso das Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação no processo de alfabetização e aprendizagem de pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo.Como procedimento metodológico, utilizou-se a revisão sistemática da literatura. Nessa perspectiva, foi realizado um levantamento dos artigos científicos nacionais publicados entre 2014 e 2019 disponibilizados no Portal de periódicos Capes e Scielo. Para tanto, foi efetuada uma busca avançada combinando os descritores Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo, Autismo, Tecnologia, Alfabetização, Educação, Aprendizagem e Software. Os textos foram selecionados conforme os critérios de inclusão: pesquisas nacionais que investigassem o uso das referidas tecnologias para alfabetização e aprendizagem de pessoas com o transtorno, publicadas entre 2014 e 2019. Como critérios de exclusão: artigos voltados à esfera da saúde; estudos nos quais as Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação foram utilizadas com sujeitos sem o transtorno e artigos repetidos em ambas as bases de dados. Como resultados, foram encontrados 198 trabalhos e, após análise e aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restaram sete pesquisas que contemplavam o tema. Os estudos analisados demonstraram as contribuições das tecnologias para a alfabetização e aprendizagem das pessoas com o transtorno em questão, porém ainda existe uma grande carência de pesquisas nessa área.
Contrast Echocardiography with a Quantitative Assessment of Myocardial Perfusion in Patients with Previous Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Umnov I. N. , Bobrov A. L. , Alekhin M. N. 
Published: April 2020

Objective. To assess possibilities of contrast echocardiography with quantitative evaluation of myocardial perfusion in patients with previous Q-wave myocardial infarction.Materials and Methods. We examined 15 men (42-72 years) with coronary artery disease and previous myocardial infarction, and pathological Q-wave in 2 or more ECG leads. Quantification of left ventricular (LV) myocardial perfusion was performed by calculating of the ultrasound signal tissue intensity from the LV myocardial segments during intravenous administration of the ultrasound contrast agent (SonoVue). The Tissue intensive curve (TIC) analysis was done in the end-diastolic period before and on the fourth cardiac cycle after applying the "flash". Changes in the intensity of myocardial perfusion (A4, dB) was estimated as the difference between the intensity values of the ultrasound signal in the myocardial segment during the period of filling the contrast bubbles on 4-th cardiac cycle and before applying the «flash». Measurements were performed in 16 segments of the LV. A contrast cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (contrast MRI) was performed in order to verify the LV scar. Fibrotic changes of 50% of myocardial wall or more were considered as signs of post-infarction scar.Results. The dynamics of perfusion and scar presence in 240 myocardial segments were evaluated. The median A4 was 1 dB (range, -20 to 10 dB). MRI revealed 82 of 240 segments with the large-focal scar. The effectiveness of the diagnostic test (quantitative contrast perfusion echocardiography with A4 assessment) to detect myocardial scar was investigated. ROC curve analysis showed good model quality, AUC=0,787 (0,730-0,837); sensitivity 82.9%; specificity 75.3%; p<0.01. The cut-off point for A4 was -1.Conclusion. A new approach to quantitative contrast assessment of perfusion allows to identify perfusion disorders with high efficiency in patients with previous Q-wave myocardial infarction.
Gynaecological malignancies in Azare, North-East Nigeria: an assessment of types, stage at presentation and treatment affordability
Authors: Aminu Muhammad B. , Ibrahim Sanusi M. , Garba Nasiru A. , Umar Nasiru I. , Khan Nighat , Usman Hadiza A. 
Published: April 2020

Background: In many parts of the world, presentations for most gynecological cancers are late; this makes treatment difficult due to the cost of chemotherapy or radiotherapy which form the bedrock for cure or palliation. Objective of this study was to determine the types, stage at diagnosis, affordability of care and outcome of treatment of gynaecological cancers in Federal Medical Centre Azare, Bauchi State, Nigeria.Methods: All cases of gynaecological cancers seen over a ten-year period, from 1st January, 2003 to 31st December, 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. The number of all gynaecological cases seen during the period was also extracted.Results: Gynaecological cancer cases accounted for 11.84 % of 8,642 gynaecological cases seen during the period of study. The mean age and parity of the women were 42±5 SD years and 5±1 SD respectively. Cervical cancer accounted for 55 %, ovarian cancer 30%, endometrial cancer 6%, choriocarcinoma 5%, secondaries/ cancers of undetermined origin were 4%. Ninety-two percent presented with advanced stage of diseases. Only 25.3% could afford the cost of full treatment, and 8.4% attained cure of their disease. The modalities of treatment available were surgery and chemotherapy.Conclusions: Cervical and Ovarian Cancers remain the leading types of gynaecological cancers in our environment and late presentations are frequent occurrence. Late presentation and unaffordability of treatments are major challenges associated with the management of these patients. Early presentation and funding mechanisms for gynaecological cancers are keys to improved cure rate and reduced mortality.
Improving pregnancy outcomes in tertiary care institution in India through obstetric intensive care unit: three-year analysis
Authors: Gokhale Ashish V. , Agarwal Shonali , Modi Dimpi 
Published: April 2020

Background: To analyse the requirement of high dependency unit (HDU)/intensive care unit (ICU) in an obstetric population in terms of utilization rate, indications for admission, interventions required and gestational outcome.Methods: Retrospective observational study was carried out from April 2015 to September 2018 at department of obstetrics and gynecology SSG Hospital, Vadodara India. Data related to indications for ICU admission, interventions required, length of stay and outcomes were collected, and results were analyzed.Results: Obstetric ICU utilization rate was 130 per 1000 deliveries. The major obstetric indications for admission were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (42%) followed by anemia (25%) and post-partum hemorrhage (3%). In the rest of the patient’s majority (50%) had cardiovascular problems. Maternal mortality among these critically ill women was 3.76%. The death rate in the present study was high among patients admitted for non-obstetric (74.54%) as opposed to obstetric indications (25.46%).Conclusions: Establishment of well managed high dependency and intensive care unit in health care facilities dealing with high volumes of high-risk maternity cases reduces the maternal mortality significantly and results in improved maternal outcomes.
A prospective study of obstetric and gynaecological emergencies in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Jindani Shahna Anishbhai , Sailor Asha Bhagwatibhai , Modi Dipti A. , Kaul Somika , Rami Bijal D. 
Published: April 2020

Background: The management of obstetrics and gynaecological emergency is directed at the preservation of life, health, sexual function and the perpetuation of fertility. The main aim of the study was to access the burden of surgical emergency and to study the course of management at a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This prospective study was carried out in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, S. S. G. Hospital, Baroda for a period from January to December 2018.Results: A total of 73 patients presented to our emergency room who required urgent surgical intervention. All patients were resuscitated and surgery was done at earliest possible time. The age of patient ranged from 18 to 45 years. About 75.8% of female presented with the complaint of acute abdomen, followed by 32.9% with bleeding per vaginum. 16.4% had vomiting, 6.8% with fever and 4.1% with mass per abdomen. In majority of cases a diagnosis of ruptured ectopic pregnancy (34 patients) was made, followed by PPH in 14 patients and 12 cases of rupture uterus. Four cases of torsion of ovarian mass and 3 cases of septic peritonitis were operated. The most common surgery performed was salpingectomy followed by subtotal obstetric hysterectomy. A mortality rate of 8.2% was noted.Conclusions: This study emphasized the great role of timely surgical intervention as lifesaving procedures. Skilled clinicians and immediate intervention in a tertiary care is the main-stay of the emergency case management and are indispensable for decreasing mortality and morbidity.
Role of blood transfusion in saving mothers
Authors: Mohi Manjit K. , Aggarwal Sangeeta , Khurana Satinder Pal 
Published: April 2020

Background: Blood transfusion is recognised as one of the eight essential components of the comprehensive emergency obstetric care module which has been designed to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality rates after major obstetric hemorrhage and anemia.Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted between April1, 2016 to September 30, 2018 in department of obstetrics and gynecology, Government Medical College, Patiala. The MNM cases given transfusion were analysed in respect of number of antenatal visits, type of admission, distance of place of first referral unit from tertiary health care facility, amount of blood transfused, indications of blood transfusion, causes of haemorrhage and intervention performed.Results: During this period, there were 123 cases of MNM, 90 patients required blood transfusion and were considered in this study. Maximum number of cases (94.45%) were between 20-35 years of age. Majority of cases were primipara (52.22%). 47.77% cases were in 3rd trimester, 33.33% postnatal cases and 16.66% cases were in first trimester. 88.88% cases requiring transfusion belong to low socioeconomic status. There was no antenatal visit in 80% cases who required blood transfusion. 78.8% patients required more than 4packed red cell transfusions. Haemorrhage was the indication in 60% cases for blood transfusion and anaemia in 40% cases. Postpartum haemorrhage (28.4%) was most common indication for blood transfusion followed by ruptured ectopic pregnancy (27.77%), antepartum haemorrhage (11.11%), rupture uterus (7.4%), rectus sheath hematoma (5.55%), placenta accreta (5.55%) and inversion uterus (3.7%). Surgical interventions were performed in 51 cases.Conclusions: Prevention and timely treatment of anaemia must receive attention by more active participation in term of antenatal check-ups. Skilled management of patients at the first referral units is advocated. There should be familiarity with the local protocol of relevant members of staff for management of massive hemorrhage. All major hemorrhages should be reviewed to ensure that there is no delay in provision of blood products.
Revisiting Zero Tolerance Policy in Public Schools: The Case for Wraparound Services, Community Partnerships, and Antiracist Policies in Alternative Schooling
Authors: Hollinger Gwendolyn W. , Hansel Tonya Cross 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe disparities and inequalities that exists in the education system are perpetuated through behavioral alternative schools (BASs). It is suggested that assignment to a BAS does not significantly improve students' grades but rather leads primarily Black impoverished students through the school-to-prison pipeline.ObjectiveAlthough BASs have existed for more than four decades and continue to enroll annually large populations of America's students, implications for policy, practice, and future research remain relevant.MethodsThis review offers a brief history of BASs and zero tolerance policy (ZTP) in public schools.FindingsThe review offers ZTP recommendations for policy restoration and provides an outline of a four-step process for implementing ZTP fairly and equally.ConclusionsMoving current alternative schools into self-directed learning with social and community supports, not only promotes social justice, but also allows for restoration of ZTP to focus on the undeniable need to keep children of all races safe in school.
So Much Trouble on My Mind: African American Males Coping With Mental Health Issues and Racism
Authors: Bennett Marion Daniel 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe current discussion examines the mental health needs and challenges of African American males within a social context undergirded by racism. There is a dearth of empirical research on African American males in this regard.ObjectiveTo effectively address the needs of this population, this article reviews the extant literature on cultural, social, and contextual factors that may be salient factors in the mental health status and outcomes for African American males.MethodsThis includes an examination of the roles of race, religious participation, social support, gender role expectation in mental health and well-being outcomes.Findings/ConclusionThe current discussion is intended to serve as a prospective guide for future research, prevention, and intervention initiatives designed to improve such outcomes for a vulnerable and at-risk population group.
PERHITUNGAN SUMBERDAYA BATUBARA MENGGUNAKAN METODE POLYGON DAN METODE ISOLINE PADA WILAYAH IUP PT USAHA BARATAMA JESINDO
Authors: Buana Sari , Nurhakim Nurhakim , Hakim Romla Noor 
Published: April 2020

Operasional PT Usaha Baratama Jesindo diawali penyelidikan umum batasan luas daerah, mengetahui keadaan geologi dan pencarian singkapan. Penyelidikan dilanjutkan eksplorasi pendahuluan dan eksplorasi detail. Pada Eksplorasi pendahuluan kegiatan pemetaan topografi dan pemetaan geologi singkapan sebagai pertimbangan eksplorasi detail. Eksplorasi detail difokuskan pada pemboran untuk mengetahui bentuk, geometri endapan batubara serta ketebalan batubara (model geologi endapan), data parameter kualitas batubara. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian metode polygon dan metode isolineKeadaan geologi tergolong geologi moderat terdapat 1 seam dengan 2 percabangan dengan dip (4°-17°), strike dari Barat Daya ke Timur Laut. Permodelan dan perhitungan sumberdaya menggunkan softwere Minescape 4.118, AutoCAD Land Dakstop 2009, Surfer 14.Hasil perhitungan sumberdaya batubara dengan metode polygon seam I terukur 3.473.499 ton, tertunjuk 137. 468 ton, seam I1 terukur 1.957.157, tertunjuk 628.805 ton, tereka 456.017 ton, seam I2 terukur 7.833.287 ton, tertunjuk 2.538.330, tereka 1.582.782 ton. Metode isoline seam I terukur 2.806.904 ton, tertunjuk 133.402 ton, seam I1 terukur 1.981.014 ton, tertunjuk 625.505 ton, tereka 166.789 ton, seam I2 terukur 6.569.498 ton, tertunjuk 2.984.172 ton, tereka 988.715 ton. Perhitungan perbandingan relatif sumberdaya pada seam I 21,23% terukur, 3,00% tertunjuk. Seam I1 terukur 23,85%, tertunjuk 0,53%, tereka 92,88%. Seam I2 11,66% terukur, 16,15% tertunjuk dan 46,20% tereka. Kata-kata kunci: Eksplorasi, Permodelan, Polygon, Isoline, Sumberdaya