bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of sleep health on dietary intake: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of intervention studies
Authors: Fenton S. , Burrows T. L. , Skinner J. A. , Duncan M. J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPoor dietary intake increases disease risk, and poor sleep influences diet. This systematic review and meta‐analysis of intervention studies aimed to evaluate the effect of sleep health on dietary intake in adults.MethodsFive online databases were used to identify studies published between 1970 and 2019. Included studies were interventions that modified sleep and reported dietary outcomes.ResultsFifty four full texts were assessed and 24 publications were included. Following risk of bias appraisal, data were narratively summarised and a sub‐group of studies (n = 15) was meta‐analysed to determine the effect of sleep on dietary intake. One intervention modified sleep timing and 23 modified duration. Sleep duration was partially restricted (≤5.5 h night–1) (n = 16), totally restricted (n = 4), partially and totally restricted (n = 1), and extended (n = 2). Dietary outcomes were energy intake (n = 24), carbohydrate, fat, protein intake (n = 20), single nutrient intake (n = 5), diet quality (n = 1) and food types (n = 1). Meta‐analysis indicated partial sleep restriction results in higher energy intake in intervention compared with control [standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.21–0.52; P < 0.001], with a mean difference of 204 kcal (95% CI = 112–295; P < 0.001) in daily energy intake, and a higher percentage of energy from fat, protein, carbohydrate (fat: SMD = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.16–0.51; P < 0.001; protein: SMD = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.12–0.47, P = 0.001; carbohydrate: SMD = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.04–0.39, P = 0.014).ConclusionsPartial sleep restriction with duration of ≤5.5 h day–1 increases daily energy intake, as well as fat, protein and carbohydrate intake. Further research is needed to determine the relationship between other dimensions of sleep health and dietary intake.
Achieving Health Equity Through Eradicating Structural Racism in the United States: A Call to Action for Nursing Leadership
Authors: Nardi Deena , Waite Roberta , Nowak Marian , Hatcher Barbara , Hines‐Martin Vicki , Stacciarini Jeanne‐Marie R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo advocate for strategic actions by U.S. nursing leadership that denote the presence, customs, and implications of racism that has been institutionalized within the structures of U.S. nursing leadership and the profession.Organizing ConstructsA racial equity framework is used to examine the barriers to quality health care and equitable health outcomes and to present evidence‐based actions to dismantle structural inequities embedded in the nursing profession.MethodsThis article was developed through a comprehensive literature review and synthesis of relevant research, data, peer‐reviewed literature, government reports, and organizational guidelines.FindingsA commitment by U.S. nursing leadership to eradicate structural racism in nursing must be made in order to effect sustainable transformative change toward more equitable systems of health care.ConclusionsThis article presents recommendations for nursing leadership in the United States to renew its commitment to quality health care through dismantling structural racism at all levels of direct and systems nursing practice and education, at the bedside, and in the boardrooms.Clinical RelevanceStructural racism in nursing and health care also persists globally as a key social determinant of health. Its elimination aligns with international health care and nursing’s policy priorities, yet change can only occur when senior leaders clearly understand it as a key barrier to health, and commit to transformative change in how their “systems” work. These recommendations can also be culturally adapted by global nursing for use in antiracism work.
Serum thyroxine and thyrotropin concentrations decrease with severity of nonthyroidal illness in cats and predict 30‐day survival outcome
Authors: Peterson Mark E. , Davignon Danielle L. , Shaw Nicole , Dougherty Eric , Rishniw Mark , Randolph John F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn cats, nonthyroidal illness affects serum thyroid hormone concentrations. Serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations commonly decrease, whereas free T4(fT4) concentrations vary unpredictably. Limited information exists regarding effects on serum thyrotropin (thyroid‐stimulating hormone [TSH]) concentrations in cats with nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS).ObjectivesTo characterize alterations in thyroid function that develop in cats with NTIS and to correlate these alterations with severity and outcome of the nonthyroidal illness.AnimalsTwo hundred and twenty‐two cats with NTIS and 380 clinically normal cats of similar age and sex.MethodsProspective, cross‐sectional study. All cats had serum T4, T3, free T4, and TSH concentrations measured. Cats were grouped based on illness severity and 30‐day survival.ResultsCats with NTIS had lower serum T4and T3concentrations than did normal cats (P < .001). Serum fT4and TSH concentrations did not differ between groups. Serum T4, T3, and fT4concentrations progressively decreased with increasing disease severity (P < .001). The 56 cats that died had lower T4, T3, and TSH concentrations than did the 166 survivors, with no difference in fT4concentration. Multivariable logistic regression modeling indicated that serum T4and TSH concentrations both predicted survival (P <.02).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCats with NTIS commonly develop low serum T4, T3, and TSH concentrations, the prevalence and extent of which increases with disease severity. Clinicians should consider evaluating thyroid function in cats with severe NTIS, because doing so could help determine probability of successful treatment responses before investing considerable time, effort, and finances in addressing the underlying disease.
Cryptic lineages respond differently to coral bleaching
Authors: Gómez‐Corrales Matías , Prada Carlos 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCoral cover is decreasing worldwide largely as a result of a rise in seawater temperatures that triggers coral bleaching and induces coral mortality. How coral reefs will respond to climate change will be a function of genetic variation and how it is partitioned within and among species. A critical initial step is to accurately delineate species and quantify their physiological potential to cope with heat stress. Cryptic species are morphologically similar but genetically distinct and may respond physiologically differently to climate change. A dominant Caribbean reef builder severely affected by climate change is the mountainous star coral,Orbicella faveolata. Recently in this journal, Dziedzic et al. reported quantitative genetic variation in the physiological response to thermal stress in a single population of this species, suggesting that variation within populations will allow these corals to adapt to rising ocean temperatures. We reanalysed their data and found multiple cryptic lineages rather than a single panmictic population, with one of the lineages being heat‐intolerant. While different cryptic lineages co‐occur in certain locations, there is at least one lineage that occurs only in a single location. Our finding of hidden lineages within a threatened species highlights the varying extinction risks faced by these independently evolving groups, especially when the prospects of survival under warmer oceans seem favourable for only some of them.
The environment drives microbial trait variability in aquatic habitats
Authors: Beier Sara , Andersson Anders F. , Galand Pierre E. , Hochart Corentin , Logue Jürg B. , McMahon Katherine , Bertilsson Stefan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA prerequisite to improve the predictability of microbial community dynamics is to understand the mechanisms of microbial assembly. To study factors that contribute to microbial community assembly, we examined the temporal dynamics of genes in five aquatic metagenome time‐series, originating from marine offshore or coastal sites and one lake. With this trait‐based approach we expected to find gene‐specific patterns of temporal allele variability that depended on the seasonal metacommunity size of carrier‐taxa and the variability of the milieu and the substrates to which the resulting proteins were exposed. In more detail, we hypothesized that a larger seasonal metacommunity size would result in increased temporal variability of functional units (i.e., gene alleles), as shown previously for taxonomic units. We further hypothesized that multicopy genes would feature higher temporal variability than single‐copy genes, as gene multiplication can result from high variability in substrate quality and quantity. Finally, we hypothesized that direct exposure of proteins to the extracellular environment would result in increased temporal variability of the respective gene compared to intracellular proteins that are less exposed to environmental fluctuations. The first two hypotheses were confirmed in all data sets, while significant effects of the subcellular location of gene products was only seen in three of the five time‐series. The gene with the highest allele variability throughout all data sets was an iron transporter, also representing a target for phage infection. Previous work has emphasized the role of phage–prokaryote interactions as a major driver of microbial diversity. Our finding therefore points to a potentially important role of iron transporter‐mediated phage infections for the assembly and maintenance of diversity in aquatic prokaryotes.
A young age of subspecific divergence in the desert locust inferred by ABC random forest
Authors: Chapuis Marie‐Pierre , Raynal Louis , Plantamp Christophe , Meynard Christine N. , Blondin Laurence , Marin Jean‐Michel , Estoup Arnaud 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDating population divergence within species from molecular data and relating such dating to climatic and biogeographic changes is not trivial. Yet it can help formulating evolutionary hypotheses regarding local adaptation and future responses to changing environments. Key issues include statistical selection of a demographic and historical scenario among a set of possible scenarios, and estimation of the parameter(s) of interest under the chosen scenario. Such inferences greatly benefit from (a) independent information on evolutionary rate and pattern at genetic markers; and (b) new statistical approaches, such as approximate Bayesian computation‐random forest (ABC‐RF), which provides reliable inference at a low computational cost and the possibility to measure prediction quality at the exact position of the observed data set. Here, we show full potential of the ABC‐RF approach including prior knowledge on microsatellite genetic markers to decipher the evolutionary history of the African arid‐adapted pest locust, Schistocerca gregaria, with support for a southern colonization of Africa, from a low number of founders of northern origin, dating back 2.6 Ky (90% CI: 0.9–6.6 Ky). We verify that this divergence time estimate accurately reflected true divergence time values by computing accuracy at a local posterior scale from simulated pseudo‐observed data sets. The inferred divergence history is better explained by the peculiar biology of S. gregaria, which involves a density‐dependent swarming phase with some exceptional spectacular migrations, rather than a continuous colonization resulting from the continental expansion of open vegetation habitats during more ancient Quaternary glacial climatic episodes.
Ocean acidification induces distinct transcriptomic responses across life history stages of the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma
Authors: Devens Hannah R. , Davidson Phillip L. , Deaker Dione J. , Smith Kathryn E. , Wray Gregory A. , Byrne Maria 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOcean acidification (OA) from seawater uptake of rising carbon dioxide emissions impairs development in marine invertebrates, particularly in calcifying species. Plasticity in gene expression is thought to mediate many of these physiological effects, but how these responses change across life history stages remains unclear. The abbreviated lecithotrophic development of the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma provides a valuable opportunity to analyse gene expression responses across a wide range of life history stages, including the benthic, post‐metamorphic juvenile. We measured the transcriptional response to OA in H. erythrogramma at three stages of the life cycle (embryo, larva, and juvenile) in a controlled breeding design. The results reveal a broad range of strikingly stage‐specific impacts of OA on transcription, including changes in the number and identity of affected genes; the magnitude, sign, and variance of their expression response; and the developmental trajectory of expression. The impact of OA on transcription was notably modest in relation to gene expression changes during unperturbed development and much smaller than genetic contributions from parentage. The latter result suggests that natural populations may provide an extensive genetic reservoir of resilience to OA. Taken together, these results highlight the complexity of the molecular response to OA, its substantial life history stage specificity, and the importance of contextualizing the transcriptional response to pH stress in light of normal development and standing genetic variation to better understand the capacity for marine invertebrates to adapt to OA.
Expanding our understanding and use of the ecological systems theory model for the prevention of maternal obesity: A new socioecological framework
Authors: Hill Briony 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe reproductive life phase, most notably the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum periods, is a key driver of weight gain in women and therefore substantially increases the risk of noncommunicable diseases for mothers and their offspring. The ecological systems theory (EST) model for maternal obesity prevention positions the woman and her behaviour as interacting with surrounding layers of influences, including proximal interpersonal relationships embedded within social, environmental, and policy contexts. However, current thinking and use of the EST model for maternal obesity prevention are limited by a focus on women as being responsible for lifestyle change, with the associated blame and weight stigma, and by a lack of understanding of the interactions between EST layers. This paper presents a new socioecological framework for maternal obesity prevention, which aims to address these issues and offer potential strategies to assist researchers to generate new knowledge and understanding of the myriad ways we can approach maternal obesity prevention.
One‐stop hybrid procedure combining catheter ablation and left atrial appendage closure increases long‐term risk for adverse events in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Li Xue‐Xun , Tian Ying , Shi Liang , Wang Yan‐Jiang , Zeng Li‐Jun , Huang Li‐Hong , He Shu‐Nan , Li Jian‐Ping , Liu Xing‐Peng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionCombined catheter ablation (CA) and left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) have proven to be a feasible and safe strategy in treating patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the interactions between CA and LAAC have not been systematically explored. We analyzed the impact of CA on long‐term outcomes of LAAC in patients with AF treated with the hybrid procedure.MethodsA total of 107 consecutive patients with AF who underwent LAAC were divided into two groups: group A (n = 61) included patients who underwent CA followed by LAAC during the same procedure and group B (n = 46) included patients who underwent LAAC only. All patients underwent systematic transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) follow‐up.ResultsIn group A, CA resulted in severe edema of the left atrial ridge (LAR), which manifested as an increase in LAR thickness from 4.6 ± 0.4 mm before CA to 6.8 ± 0.6 mm (P < .01) after CA. TEE at 45 days showed that the incidence of peri‐device leakage was significantly higher in group A than in group B (45.9% vs 4.3%, P < .001). At the 12‐month follow‐up, the peri‐device leakage rate remained higher in group A than in group B (14.8% vs 2.2%, P < .01). Three (4.9%) patients in group A experienced transient ischemia attacks; no events were reported in group B during the 1‐year follow‐up.ConclusionEdema of LAR with the single‐stage procedure that consists of CA followed by LAAC could result in increased peri‐device leakage and decreased compression rate over time, which may be also associated with elevated risk profiles when compared with an LAAC‐only procedure.
Effects of Ulva spp. and seasonal disturbances on the recovery of a temperate rocky intertidal community
Authors: Yang Kwon Mo , Kim Jeong Ha 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTThe inhibitory effects of ulvoid algae and their seasonality on the recovery and succession of an intertidal algal community were investigated under field conditions using a two‐factorial design. The experiment was conducted in the mid‐low intertidal zone on the Southern coast of Korea. In spring and fall, each of the ten 50 × 50 cm plots was disturbed artificially, and Ulva spp. were continuously excluded from five plots of the seasonal plots. The succession of spring plots was nearly twice as fast as that of the fall plots (spring, 4–6 months; fall, 10–15 months), indicating that the seasonal effects contributed significantly to the speed of the succession. The inhibition by Ulva species delayed the succession; however, the strength of this delay was limited largely by the duration and persistence of Ulva mass, which was also highly seasonal. The presence of Ulva spp. did not alter the final assemblage at the climax stage; instead, it caused a delay in community resilience. This study provides a few analytical factors for community‐wise comparison during the evaluation of the status of successional stages.
Grounding transnational business governance: A political‐strategic perspective on government responses in the Global South
Authors: Marques José Carlos , Eberlein Burkard 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRecent scholarship on transnational business governance has begun to examine public‐private interactions and the active role of governments. We make two key contributions that integrate and expand this literature. First, in juxtaposition to functionalist accounts, we foreground the fundamentally political and often contentious character of these interactions. As private transnational governance schemes and standards “hit the ground,” private‐public interactions, we argue, are embedded in national political arenas and tied to domestic distributional struggles among competing regulatory coalitions. Building upon multiple empirical streams of research, we develop a political‐strategic framework that maps the diversity of Southern government responses (substitute, adopt, repurpose, replace, or reject) to transnational private governance. Our framework shows that government responses are a function of both strategic fit with domestic industrial capabilities and structures, and strength of developmental state capacity. Second, our proposed framework adopts the vantage point of Global South governments and industries, particularly how development challenges and strategic options within global value chains affect their understanding of, and responses to, transnational schemes and standards. This is an important corrective to a Northern bias in the private governance literature.
Psychological flexibility: What we know, what we do not know, and what we think we know
Authors: Doorley James D. , Goodman Fallon R. , Kelso Kerry C. , Kashdan Todd B. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPsychological flexibility is the tendency to respond to situations in ways that facilitate valued goal pursuit. Psychological flexibility is particularly useful when challenges arise during goal pursuit that produce distress. In acceptance and commitment therapy, psychological flexibility is considered the pinnacle of emotional health and well‐being. A growing body of research demonstrates that psychological flexibility leads to psychological benefits and adaptive behavior change. Yet, much of what we know, or think we know, about psychological flexibility hinges on a single measurement approach using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ and AAQ‐II). Research suggests the AAQ‐II is highly correlated with distress itself rather than flexible responses to distress. Existing approaches that assess psychological flexibility ignore the context in which flexibility matters most: the pursuit of valued goals. Below, we review theory and research on psychological flexibility, including its associations with healthy functioning, its measurement, and its overlap with related constructs. We discuss how gaps between theory and measurement impede our understanding and review promising evidence for a new measure of psychological flexibility. We provide new research directions in an effort to create a more generalizable foundation of knowledge.
Dose–response relationship between local anesthetic volume and hemidiaphragmatic paresis following ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus blockade
Authors: Tedore Tiffany R , Lin Hannah X , Pryor Kane O , Tangel Virginia E , Pak Daniel J , Akerman Michael , Wellman David S , Oden-Brunson Hannah 
Published: October 2020

Background
There is no consensus regarding what volume of local anesthetic should be used to achieve successful supraclavicular block while minimizing hemidiaphragmatic paresis (HDP). This study investigated the dose–response relationship between local anesthetic volume and HDP after ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block.

Methods
A dose escalation design was used to define the dose response curve for local anesthetic volume and incidence of HDP in subjects undergoing upper extremity surgery with supraclavicular block as the primary anesthetic. Dosing levels of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 mL of local anesthetic were administered in cohorts of three subjects per dose. Diaphragm function was assessed with M-mode ultrasound before and after block. Secondary objectives included assessment of negative inspiratory force (NIF), oxygen saturation, subjective dyspnea and extent of sensory and motor blockade.

Results

Twenty-one subjects completed the study. HDP was present at all doses, with an incidence of 33% at 5 mL to 100% at 30–35 mL. There was a significant decrease in NIF (7.5 cmH
2
O, IQR (22,0); p=0.01) and oxygen saturation on room air (1%, IQR (2,0); p=0.01) 30 min postblock in subjects experiencing HDP but not in those without HDP. There was no increase in dyspnea in subjects with or without HDP. No subject required respiratory intervention. Motor and sensory block improved with increasing dose, and subjects with HDP exhibited denser blocks than those without (p<0.01).

Conclusions
There is no clinically relevant volume of local anesthetic at which HDP can be avoided when performing a supraclavicular block. In our subject population free of respiratory disease, HDP was well tolerated.

Trial registration number

NCT03138577
.