bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of Ewing's sarcoma identified via noninvasive prenatal testing
Authors: Miyagami Keiko , Matsuoka Ryu , Tokunaka Mayumi , Shirato Nahoko , Izumi Mikiko , Hirose Tatsuko , Sekizawa Akihiko 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAlthough noninvasive prenatal testing is not intended to identify maternal genomic information, it can provide other information that may lead to the incidental discovery of coexisting conditions including maternal malignancy.
Synthesis and Properties ofCF3(OCF3)CH‐SubstitutedArenes and Alkenes†
Authors: Xu Wen‐Qi , Xu Xiu‐Hua , Qing Feng‐Ling 
Published: March 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusionA silver‐mediated oxidative trifluoromethylation of easily accessible α‐trifluoromethyl alcohols with TMSCF3was developed to access novel CF3(OCF3)CH‐containing compounds. Deprotonation of CF3(OCF3)CH‐substituted arenes afforded synthetically useful CF3O‐substitutedgem‐difluoroalkenes. Furthermore, evaluation of the lipophilicities (logP) indicated that CH(OCF3)CF3is more lipophilic than the common fluorinated motifs such as CF3, OCF3, and SCF3, thus rendering the CH(OCF3)CF3motif appealing in drug discovery.
Analysis of Stock Market Development and CO2 Emissions on OECD Countries via an Empirical Model
Authors: Li Zhigang , Chen Wei‐Ting , Chang I‐Chia , Lee Joe‐Ming 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAccompanying economic growth, CO2 emissions have polluted the natural environment worldwide. This study highlights the special problems with stock market development and CO2 emissions in 25 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries during 1971–2007 to trace the trend of CO2 emissions while countries grow their economies. A panel‐data model is applied to analyze the relationships between stock market (SM) development, energy consumption, gross domestic product (GDP), and CO2 emissions in 25 OECD countries. Low‐GDP countries show different results from high‐GDP countries in the trends of SM development and CO2 emissions, and dynamic effects occur in SM development and CO2 emissions under various GDP conditions. There is a negative relationship between SM development and CO2 emissions if countries enjoy high economic growth, which means that these countries avoid CO2 emissions through SM development. However, a positive relationship is found between SM development and CO2 emissions if countries experience low economic growth, which means that SM development does not show the boycott‐effect relationship with CO2 emissions when countries experience low levels of economic development. This study shows a correlation between SM development and CO2 emissions among OECD countries.
Molecular investigations into the unfoldase action of severing enzymes on microtubules
Authors: Varikoti Rohith A. , Macke Amanda C. , Speck Virginia , Ross Jennifer L. , Dima Ruxandra I. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMicrotubule (MT)‐associated proteins regulate the dynamic behavior of MTs during cellular processes. MT severing enzymes are the associated proteins which destabilize MTs by removing subunits from the lattice. One model for how severing enzymes remove tubulin dimers from the MT lattice is by unfolding its subunits through pulling on the carboxy‐terminal tails of tubulin dimers. This model stems from the fact that severing enzymes are AAA+ unfoldases. To test this mechanism, we apply pulling forces on the carboxy‐terminal regions of MT subunits using coarse grained molecular simulations. In our simulations, we used different MT lattices and concentrations of severing enzymes. We compare our simulation results with data from in vitro severing assays and find that the experimental data is best fit by a model of cooperative removal of protofilament fragments by severing enzymes, which depends on the severing enzyme concentration and placement on the MT lattice.
A novel mouse model of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor expression: A look at the brain
Authors: Graham Devon L. , Durai Heather H. , Trammell Taylor S. , Noble Brenda L. , Mortlock Douglas P. , Galli Aurelio , Stanwood Gregg D. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is an incretin hormone with a number of functions to maintain energy homeostasis and contribute to motivated behavior, both peripherally and within the central nervous system (CNS). These functions, which include insulin secretion, gastric emptying, satiety, and the hedonic aspects of food and drug intake, are primarily mediated through stimulation of the GLP‐1 receptor. While this receptor plays an important role in a variety of physiological outcomes, data regarding its CNS expression has been primarily limited to regional receptor binding and single‐label transcript expression studies. We thus developed a bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic mouse, in which expression of a red fluorescent protein (mApple) is driven by the GLP‐1R promoter. Using this reporter mouse, we characterized the regional and cellular expression patterns of GLP‐1R expressing cells in the CNS, using double‐label immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. GLP‐1R‐expressing cells were enriched in several key brain regions and circuits, including the lateral septum, hypothalamus, amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, hippocampus, ventral midbrain, periaqueductal gray, and cerebral cortex. In most regions, GLP‐1R primarily colocalized with GABAergic neurons, except within some regions such as the hippocampus, where it was co‐expressed in glutamatergic neurons. GLP‐1R‐mApple cells were highly co‐expressed with 5‐HT3 receptor‐containing neurons within the cortex and striatum, as well as with dopamine receptor‐ and calbindin‐expressing cells within the lateral septum, the brain region in which GLP‐1R is most highly expressed. In this manuscript, we provide detailed images of GLP‐1R‐mApple expression and distribution within the brain and characterization of these neurons.
The day‐night differences in ERK1/2, GSK3β activity and c‐Fos levels in the brain, and the responsiveness of various brain structures to morphine
Authors: Bendová Zdeňka , Pačesová Dominika , Novotný Jiří 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs with other drugs or pharmaceuticals, opioids differ in their rewarding or analgesic effects depending on when they are applied. In the previous study, we have demonstrated the day/night difference in the sensitivity of the major circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus to a low dose of morphine, and showed the bidirectional effect of morphine on pERK1/2 and pGSK3β levels in the suprachiasmatic nucleus depending on the time of administration. The main aim of this study was to identify other brain structures that respond differently to morphine depending on the time of its administration. Using immunohistochemistry, we identified 44 structures that show time‐of‐day specific changes in c‐Fos level and activity of ERK1/2 and GSK3β kinases in response to a single dose of 1 mg/kg morphine. Furthermore, comparison among control groups revealed the differences in the spontaneous levels of all markers with a generally higher level during the night, that is, in the active phase of the day. We thus provide further evidence for diurnal variations in the activity of brain regions outside the suprachiasmatic nucleus indicated by the temporal changes in the molecular substrate. We suggest that these changes are responsible for generating diurnal variation in the reward behavior or analgesic effect of opioid administration.
Inclusion of actuator dynamics in simulations of assisted human movement
Authors: Nguyen Vinh Q. , LaPre Andrew K. , Price Mark A. , Umberger Brian R. , Sup Frank C. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSimulation of musculoskeletal systems using dynamic optimization is a powerful approach for studying the biomechanics of human movements and can be applied to human‐robot interactions. The simulation results of human movements augmented by robotic devices may be used to evaluate and optimize the device design and controller. However, simulations are limited by the accuracy of the models which are usually simplified for computation efficiency. Typically, the powered robotic devices are often modeled as massless, ideal torque actuators that is without mass and internal dynamics, which may have significant impacts on the simulation results. This article investigates the effects of including the mass and internal dynamics of the device in simulations of assisted human movement. The device actuator was modeled in various ways with different detail levels. Dynamic optimization was used to find the muscle activations and actuator commands in motion tracking and predictive simulations. The results showed that while the effects of device mass and inertia can be small, the electrical dynamics of the motor can significantly impact the results. This outcome suggests the importance of using an accurate actuator model in simulations of human movement augmented by assistive devices.Novelty
Demonstrating the effects of including mass and internal dynamics of the actuator in simulations of assisted human movement
A new OpenSim electric motor actuator class to capture the electromechanical dynamics for use in simulation of human movement assisted by powered robotic devices
Defining Inclusive mediation: Theory, practice, and research
Authors: Harmon‐Darrow Caroline , Charkoudian Lorig , Ford Tracee , Ennis Michele , Bridgeford Erricka 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Inclusive approach to mediation was created in Maryland in the 1990s to bring the radical inclusion already deeply woven into the community mediation movement to the mediation table as a core belief and practice. Community mediation includes all places (neighborhoods where the dispute occurred), times (convenient to the participants), problems (even if illegal), and people (not just those on a court filing) involved in the conflict. In Inclusive mediation, this inclusivity is applied in the mediation process, welcoming all ideas without filtering or changing them, and working with all types of expression without designing or enforcing communication guidelines.
Cooperative caching game based on social trust for D2D communication networks
Authors: Weifeng Lu , Mingqi Zhu , Jia Xu , Siguang Chen , Lijun Yang , Jian Xu 
Published: March 2020

SummaryContent sharing via device‐to‐device (D2D) communications has become a promising method to increase system throughput and reduce traffic load. Due to the characteristic of spectrum sharing in D2D network, confidentiality is becoming a key issue in content transmission. Secure communication in D2D networks is generally guaranteed by a physical‐layer security mechanism. However, this method sacrifices the system transmission rate while ensuring security. Since mobile devices are carried by humans, we can leverage their trust relations to enhance the security of communications. As much, considering the psychology structure and social attributes of mobile users, we build a multidimensional trust evaluation mechanism to evaluate the trust relationship between users, and we pick out the trusted users based on the decision‐theoretic rough sets. By sharing content only between trust users, we can enhance the security of content transmissions without relying on physical‐layer security measures. Meanwhile, content caching is now widely used to improve accessing efficiency and reduce traffic load on cellular networks. However, caching content for other users incurs additional cost, which results in selfish and noncooperative behavior in users. Considering such selfishness, we introduce a cooperative caching game based on multidimensional trust relations to motivate users to cache contents for other devices. In this game, the trust relations and physical distance between two users are considered to formulate the cost function. Furthermore, we introduce an incentive caching algorithm based on social trust to minimize the total cost in the D2D network.
Imprint cytology of histiocytic sarcoma manifesting as a retroperitoneal mass: A valuable aid for frozen section diagnosis
Authors: Lee Kyung Ji , Jeon Jin Young , Lee Su Lim , Oh Seong Taek , Seo Kyung Jin 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHistiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a comparatively rare hematolymphoid neoplasm. Differential diagnosis of this entity has generally been proven to be so difficult that extensive immunohistochemical staining is required to confirm its presence. We herein present a case of HS manifesting as a retroperitoneal mass in which imprint cytology (IC) contributed to the diagnosis. A 77‐year‐old man was referred for the evaluation of a colonic tubulovillous polypoid lesion. Preoperative imaging revealed a 3 cm‐sized polypoid lesion in the transverse colon. Incidentally, a retroperitoneal mass of 8 cm in the left para‐aortic region was also detected. Diff–Quik stained IC slides were prepared as an adjunct to intraoperative pathology consultation. The smear exhibited moderate cellularity involving loosely cohesive cell clusters with intervening delicate vasculature. Most of the tumor cells consisted of large single cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm that was vacuolated and foamy. The nuclei were predominantly large and eccentrically located. Mitotic figures were minimal in number and finely granular brown pigments were occasionally observed. A frozen section diagnosis was reported as a malignant neoplasm, and a histologic diagnosis of HS was confirmed by conducting a battery of immunohistochemical stains: negative for pan‐cytokeratin, EMA, CD117, HMB45, Melan A, CD30, PAX5, CD20, S‐100, and CD23 but strong positive for vimentin and CD68. This entity is rarely described in terms of cytopathologic features. This case study highlights how cytopathologists should be aware of HS as a retroperitoneal lesion and should become familiar with cytomorphologic features.
Geographic patterns of insect diversity across China's nature reserves: The roles of niche conservatism and range overlapping
Authors: Lyu Yueming , Wang Xiangping , Luo Juchun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimInsects are the most species‐rich clade in the world, but the broad‐scale diversity pattern and the potential drivers have not been well documented for the clade as a whole. We aimed to examine the relative roles of contemporary and historical climate, niche conservatism, range overlapping, and other environmental factors on geographic patterns of species richness and phylogenetic structure, for insects across China.LocationChina.MethodsWe collected insect data from 184 nature reserves and examined geographic patterns of species richness and mean root distance (MRD, a metric of the evolutionary development of assemblages) for different biogeographic affinities (Palearctic, Oriental, and widespread species) and for clades originated during the warm and cold geohistorical periods (“warm clades” and “cold clades,” respectively). We related richness and MRD to contemporary and historical climate, area, habitat heterogeneity, and human disturbance to evaluate their relative importance.ResultsTotal species richness revealed a hump‐shaped latitudinal pattern, peaking between 30°~35°N. Richness patterns differed markedly among evolutionary groups: Oriental species richness decreased significantly with higher latitude but Palearctic species increased, while other groups again peaked between 30°~35°N. The range overlapping of different biogeographic groups in midlatitudes may be an important contributor to humped latitudinal richness patterns. MRD was positively related to latitude and increased more rapidly for “warm clades” than “cold clades.” Historical climate factors (especially winter coldness) were among the strongest predictors for both richness and phylogenetic patterns, for each evolutionary group, suggesting the strong influence of niche conservatism.ConclusionsThe hump‐shaped latitudinal pattern of insect richness in China is mainly shaped by niche conservatism and range overlapping, supplemented by habitat heterogeneity and contemporary climate. The role of niche conservatism and range overlapping may have been overlooked if only total species richness was analyzed, suggesting the importance of examining different evolutionary groups separately.
Limited dispersal and an unexpected aggression pattern in a native supercolonial ant
Authors: Hakala Sanja M. , Ittonen Mats , Seppä Perttu , Helanterä Heikki 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how social groups function requires studies on how individuals move across the landscape and interact with each other. Ant supercolonies are extreme cooperative units that may consist of thousands of interconnected nests, and their individuals cooperate over large spatial scales. However, the inner structure of suggested supercolonial (or unicolonial) societies has rarely been extensively studied using both genetic and behavioral analyses. We describe a dense supercolony‐like aggregation of more than 1,300 nests of the antFormica(Coptoformica)pressilabris. We performed aggression assays and found that, while aggression levels were generally low, there was some aggression within the assumed supercolony. The occurrence of aggression increased with distance from the focal nest, in accordance with the genetically viscous population structure we observe by using 10 DNA microsatellite markers. However, the aggressive interactions do not follow any clear pattern that would allow specifying colony borders within the area. The genetic data indicate limited gene flow within and away from the supercolony. Our results show that aFormicasupercolony is not necessarily a single unit but can be a more fluid mosaic of aggressive and amicable interactions instead, highlighting the need to study internest interactions in detail when describing supercolonies.
Pain modulation by illusory body rotation: A new way to disclose the interaction between the vestibular system and pain processing
Authors: Daniel Aster , Barker Leon , Martini Matteo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinical and experimental evidence advocates a structural and functional link between the vestibular and other sensory systems. For instance, visuo‐vestibular and vestibular–somatosensory interactions have been widely reported. However, whether visual inputs carrying vestibular information can modulate pain is not yet clear. Recent evidence using natural vestibular stimulation or moving visual stimuli, points at an unspecific effect of distraction.MethodsBy using immersive virtual reality (VR), we created a new way to prompt the vestibular system through the vision of static visual cues, studying the possible interaction with pain. Twenty‐four healthy participants were visually immersed in a virtual room which could appear with five different degrees of rotation in the sagittal axis, either towards the right, left or with no rotation. Participants' heat pain thresholds and subjective reports of perceived body rotation, sense of presence and attention were measured.Results‘Being’ in a tilted room induced the sensation of body rotation in our participants, even though they were always in an upright position. We also found that rotating the visual scenario can modulate the participants' pain thresholds, determining a significant increase when a left tilt is displayed. In addition, a positive correlation between the perceived body midline rotation and pain threshold was found when the virtual room was titled 15 degrees toward the left. Importantly, all VR conditions were found to be equally distractive.ConclusionsVestibular information present in static visual cues can modulate experimentally‐induced acute pain according to a side‐dependent manner and bypassing supramodal attentional mechanisms. These findings may help refining pain management approaches based on multimodal stimulation.SignificanceThis study explored how the visualization of static environments in immersive virtual reality can lead to pain threshold modulation through the activation of the vestibular system. Immersion into rotated virtual environments led to the illusory sensation of body rotation, and this sensation was found to be related with a modulation of pain perception. Possible analgesic effects due to distraction could be ruled out. These results expand our current knowledge about how the visual, vestibular and somatosensory (pain) systems interact. These findings may influence future pain treatment strategies based on multisensory stimulation.
Minocycline reduces experimental muscle hyperalgesia induced by repeated nerve growth factor injections in humans: A placebo‐controlled double‐blind drug‐crossover study
Authors: Dunn James S. , Nagi Saad S. , Mahns David A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundHyperalgesia is a heightened pain response to a noxious stimulus and is a hallmark of many common neuropathic and chronic pain conditions. In a double‐blind placebo‐controlled drug‐crossover trial, the effects of concomitant and delayed minocycline treatment on the initiation and resolution of muscle hyperalgesia were tested.MethodsAn initial cohort (n = 10) received repeated injections (5 µg: days 0, 2 and 4) of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle of the forearm and pressure pain thresholds were collected at day 0 (control), day 7 (peak) and day 14 (recovery). A second cohort (n = 18) underwent an identical procedure, however, half received a placebo between days 0 and 7 before switching to minocycline from days 7 to 14 (P1/M2), while the remaining subjects received minocycline (day 0: 200mg then 100mg b.i.d. for 7 days) before switching to placebo (M1/P2).ResultsThe initial cohort exhibited a diffuse muscular pain hypersensitivity with a decrease in pressure pain thresholds at day 7 before a partial return to normalcy at day 14. The P1/M2 treatment group exhibited an identical peak in hypersensitivity at day 7, however, after switching to minocycline in week 2 showed a significant reduction in muscle hyperalgesia compared with the initial cohort at day 14. The M1/P2 treatment group had significantly less (~43%) hyperalgesia at day 7 compared with the other groups.ConclusionsThe study indicates that the administration of minocycline can reduce experimentally induced muscle pain regardless of the time of administration.SignificanceIn a double‐blind placebo‐controlled drug‐crossover study, the common antibiotic minocycline was found to reduce the muscle hyperalgesia induced by intramuscular injection of nerve growth factor. The results of the study showed that both concomitant (pre‐emptive) and delayed administration of minocycline can ameliorate the onset and facilitate the resolution of experimentally induced muscle hyperalgesia.