bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AdS black holes, holography and localization
Authors: Zaffaroni Alberto 
Published: August 2020

AbstractI review some recent progresses in counting the number of microstates of AdS supersymmetric black holes in dimension equal or greater than four using holography. The counting is obtained by applying localization and matrix model techniques to the dual field theory. I cover in details the case of dyonic AdS$$_4$$4black holes, corresponding to a twisted compactification of the dual field theory, and I discuss the state of the art for rotating AdS$$_5$$5black holes.
Hyperthyreose – Fokus Immunthyreopathie Basedow
Authors: Theiler-Schwetz Verena , Trummer Christian , Pilz Stefan 
Published: August 2020

ZusammenfassungDie häufigsten Ursachen für die Entstehung einer Hyperthyreose sind die Immunthyreopathie Basedow sowie die Schilddrüsenautonomie. Für die Diagnosestellung sind die Bestimmung der TSH-Rezeptor-Antikörper (TRAK) nebst Thyroidea-stimulierendem Hormon (TSH), freiem Thyroxin (fT4) und freiem Trijodthyronin (fT3) wichtig. Die Bestimmung der T3/T4-Ratio kann in der Abgrenzeng einer Immunthyreopathie Basedow zu einer destruktiven Thyreoiditis hilfreich sein. Bei der Immunthyreopathie Basedow sind das typische sonographische Bild einer hypoechogenen Schilddrüse mit erhöhter Vaskularisation und zunehmend auch die quantitative Bestimmung der Durchblutung in Form der „peak systolic velocity“ (PSV) weitere diagnostische Hilfsmittel. Die Szintigraphie hat bei der Diagnosestellung der Schilddrüsenautonomie nach wie vor ihren Stellenwert.Therapeutisch steht bei der Immunthyreopathie Basedow die medikamentöse, thyreostatische Therapie vorrangig mit Thiamazol in Form des Titrationsschemas im Vordergrund, die für 12–18 Monate durchgeführt wird. Liegen die TRAK dann im Normbereich, kann ein Absetzversuch unternommen werden. Wenn nicht, oder wenn es zum Auftreten eines Rezidivs kommt, sollte eine definitive Therapie mittels Radiojodtherapie oder Thyreoidektomie erwogen werden. Zur symptomatischen Behandlung können Betablocker wie Propranolol eingesetzt werden. Es gibt Hinweise, dass die lange praktizierte Jodrestriktion im Management der Immunthyreopathie Basedow vermieden werden sollte. Zum Einsatz von Selen liegen positive, aber noch großteils inkonsistente Daten vor, sodass eine Therapieempfehlung derzeit nicht ausgesprochen werden kann. In der Therapie der Schilddrüsenautonomie stehen Radiojodtherapie und die Operation im Vordergrund. Die Diagnose einer thyreotoxischen Krise ist eine klinische und wird anhand des Burch-Wartofsky-Scores gestellt – das Management erfordert meist intensivmedizinische Betreuung.
Effect of transverses abdominis block and subcutaneous wound infiltration on post-operative pain analgesia after cesarean section at Hawassa University, southern Ethiopia : A prospective cohort study
Authors: Habtemariam Million , Muluget Hailemariam , Solomon Fisthum , Hailu Sleshi , Ayalew Nugusu , Aweke Zemedu 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
post-cesarean section analgesia regime should be efficacious without influencing the ability of a mother to take care of the neonate and with minimal drug transfer through breast milk. Transverse abdominis plane block and local anesthetic wound infiltration can provide effective pain relief at the wound site after surgery. However, the relative efficacy of two techniques for postoperative analgesia remains controversial.

Objective:
This study aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of Transverse abdominis plane block versus subcutaneous wound infiltration as part of for elective cesarean section surgeries under spinal anesthesia.

Materials and methods:
An institutional-based Prospective cohort study was employed two equal groups of 68 adult females aged 18–65 years scheduled for elective cesarean under spinal anesthesia and wound infiltration a non-exposed group. Pain severity, first analgesia request time as well as analgesic consumption were assessed using the Mann –Whitney U test for 24 h. Chi-square test was used to analyze the homogenous categorical independent variables between these two groups and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Result:
The overall Tramadol consumption within 24 h with The Median and IQR was 100 mg (100–150) in the TAP group compared to 150 mg (150–200) in the subcutaneous wound infiltration group (p < 0.001). We conclude that TAP block could be considered Superior to subcutaneous wound infiltration anesthesia for postoperative pain management and we recommend that use of TAP block for effective Postoperative analgesia as part of multimodal analgesia after cesarean section with spinal anesthesia. We recommend the clinicians to use Tap for postoperative pain management.

Highlights:
Evolution of the environmental microbiota of a new neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and implications for infection prevention and control
Authors: Zachariah Philip , Rozenberg Felix D. , Stump Stephania , Moscoso Dagmara I. , Krishnamurthy Ganga , Saiman Lisa , Uhlemann Anne-Catrin , Freedberg Daniel E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjective:To describe changes in the environmental microbiota of a new neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and potential implications for infection prevention and control (IPC) efforts.Design:Prospective observational study.Setting:A newly constructed level IV neonatal cardiac intensive care unit (NCICU) before and after patient introduction and the original NICU prior to patient transfer.Methods:Environmental samples were obtained from the original NICU prior to patient transfer to a new NCICU. Serial sampling of patient rooms and provider areas of the new NICU was conducted immediately prior to patient introduction and over an 11-month study period. Microbiota at each sampling point were characterized using Illumina sequencing of the V3/V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Microbiota characteristics (α and β diversity and differential abundance) were compared based on time, location, and clinical factors (room-level antibiotic use and patient turnover).Results:An immediate increase in the environmental differential abundance of gut anaerobes were seen after patient introduction. There was an increase in the relative abundance of Staphylococcus spp, Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas spp, and Streptococcus spp over time. The new NCICU consistently showed more diverse microbiota and remained distinct from the original NICU. The microbiota of the provider areas of the NCICU eventually formed a cluster separate from the patient rooms. Patient turnover increased room-level microbiota diversity.Conclusion:Microbiota characteristics of the new NICU were distinct from the original ICU despite housing similar patients. Patient and provider areas developed distinct microbiota profiles. Non–culture-based methods may be a useful adjunct to current IPC practice.
Replies to Kirk Ludwig and Alexander Miller
Authors: VERHEGGEN CLAUDINE 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThis paper is a reply to Kirk Ludwig's and Alexander Miller's comments on the first part of Donald Davidson's Triangulation Argument: A Philosophical Inquiry. It addresses concerns Ludwig expresses about the triangulation argument's success in establishing the social character of language and thought. It answers Miller's invitation to compare Davidson's non-reductionism with that of Crispin Wright, as well as the social aspect of Davidson's view with the social aspect of Saul Kripke's. And it addresses Miller's worries concerning my claims about the normativity of meaning.
Introduction
Authors: SULTANESCU OLIVIA 
Published: August 2020

RÉSUMÉDans Donald Davidson's Triangulation Argument: A Philosophical Inquiry, Robert H. Myers et Claudine Verheggen offrent une élucidation ainsi qu'une édification de l'argument de la triangulation avancé par Donald Davidson. Cet article est une introduction à un symposium consacré à leur développement de cet argument. Le symposium a débuté en 2018 en tant que table ronde réunissant les auteurs et des critiques lors du congrès annuel de l'Association canadienne de philosophie, et comprend les réponses de trois critiques, Kirk Ludwig, Alexander Miller et Paul Hurley, suivies des répliques de Verheggen et Myers. J'offre ici un bref aperçu de chacune des deux parties du livre et une esquisse des questions posées par les critiques.
Hegel est-il «pragmatiste»? Quelques remarques critiques à propos d'un problème mal posé
Authors: TINLAND OLIVIER 
Published: August 2020

RÉSUMÉLa question «Hegel est-il pragmatiste?» a fait l'objet de nombreux débats chez les spécialistes de la philosophie hégélienne et du pragmatisme. Dans cet article, je me propose de clarifier les termes du problème et d’évaluer les forces et les faiblesses de deux manières de répondre à cette question : la première consiste à repérer des thèmes pragmatistes dans la pensée hégélienne, la seconde consiste à identifier un critère minimal et négatif de rapprochement entre l'hégélianisme et le pragmatisme. À la lumière de cet examen critique, il apparaît que toute approche générale de cette question semble vouée à l’échec.
Autonomic dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder indexed by heart rate variability: a meta-analysis
Authors: Schneider Martha , Schwerdtfeger Andreas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundChanges in autonomic nervous system (ANS) function have been observed in a variety of psychological disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) provides insight into the functioning of the ANS. Previous research on PTSD found lower HRV in PTSD patients compared to controls, indicating altered sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, but findings are inconsistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine differences in HRV indices between individuals with PTSD and healthy controls at baseline and during stress.MethodsThe included primary studies present an aggregate of studies analyzing different HRV indices. Examined HRV indices were standard deviation of the normalized NN-intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) spectral components, LF/HF ratio, and heart rate (HR). Moderating effects of study design, HRV and PTSD assessment, and sample characteristics were examined via subgroup-analyses and meta-regressions.ResultsRandom-effects meta-analyses for HRV parameters at rest revealed significant group differences for RMSSD and HF-HRV, suggesting lower parasympathetic activity in PTSD. The aggregated effect size for SDNN was medium, suggesting diminished total variability in PTSD. A small effect was found for LF-HRV. A higher LF/HF ratio was found in the PTSD sample as compared to controls. Individuals with PTSD showed significantly higher HR. During stress, individuals with PTSD showed higher HR and lower HF-HRV, both indicated by small effect sizes.ConclusionsFindings suggest that PTSD is associated with ANS dysfunction.
Public international law in the context of post-German cultural property held within Poland’s borders. A complicated situation or simply a resolution?
Authors: Sierzputowski Bartłomiej 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe article discusses the complicated situation of post-German cultural property held within Poland’s borders after the Second World War. On 2 August 1945, ‘the Big Three’ decided a new layout of power within Europe. They reached an agreement that Silesia, Pomerania, the Free City of Danzig (Gdańsk), and part of East Prussia (Regained Territories) along with all the property which had been left on site, should be a part of Poland. One of the post-war priorities of the Polish Government was to regulate the legal status of post-German cultural property left within these newly-delineated borders. Although the Second World War ended in 1945, there was still a threat that the majority of post-German property could be devastated, destroyed, or even looted. There are some documented cases where such cultural property was seized inter alia by the Red Army and then transported to Russia. Since 1945, Russian museums have exhibited many of these pieces of art. This article addresses the question concerning the legal status of post-German cultural property in light of public international law. Furthermore, the article responds to the question, whether Poland is entitled to restitution of post-German cultural property looted from the Regained Territories.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare workers during the early COVID-19 pandemic in a main, academic tertiary care centre in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Temsah M. H. , Alhuzaimi A. N. , Alamro N. , Alrabiaah A. , Al-Sohime F. , Alhasan K. , Kari J. A. , Almaghlouth I. , Aljamaan F. , Al-Eyadhy A. , Jamal A. , Al Amri M. , Barry M. , Al-Subaie S. , Somily A. M. , Al-Zamil F. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
As the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continues to occur in small outbreaks in Saudi Arabia, we aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and intended practices of healthcare workers (HCWs) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic and compare worry levels with previous findings during the MERS-CoV outbreak in 2015. We sent an adapted version of our previously published MERS-CoV questionnaire to the same cohort of HCWs at a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. About 40% of our sample had previous experience with confirmed or suspected MERS-CoV patients, and those had a significantly higher knowledge score (13.16 ± 2.02 vs. 12.58 ± 2.27, P = 0.002) and higher adherence to protective hygienic practices (2.95 ± 0.80 vs. 2.74 ± 0.92, P = 0.003). The knowledge scores on COVID-19 were higher in the current cohort than the previous MERS-CoV outbreak cohort (68% vs. 79.7%, P < 0.001). HCWs from the current cohort who felt greater anxiety from COVID-19 compared to MERS-CoV were less likely to have been exposed to MERS-CoV infected/suspected cases (odds ratio (OR) = 0.646, P = 0.042) and were less likely to have attended the hospital awareness campaign on COVID-19 (OR = 0.654, P = 0.035). We concluded that previous experience with MERS-CoV was associated with increased knowledge and adherence to protective hygienic practices, and reduction of anxiety towards COVID-19.
Influence of advance directives on reducing aggressive measures during end-of-life cancer care: A systematic review
Authors: Marchi Lillian Ponchio e Silva , Santos Neto Martins Fideles dos , Moraes Júlia de Pauli , Paiva Carlos Eduardo , Paiva Bianca Sakamoto Ribeiro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractContextAlthough the literature recognizes the participation of patients in medical decisions as an important indicator of quality, there is a lack of consensus regarding the influence of advance directives (ADs) on reducing aggressive measures during end-of-life care involving cancer patients.ObjectiveA systematic review was conducted to analyze the influence of ADs on reducing aggressive end-of-life care measures for cancer patients.MethodWe searched the Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Lilacs databases for studies published until March 2018 using the following keywords, without language restrictions: “advance directives,” “living wills,” “terminal care,” “palliative care,” “hospice care,” and “neoplasms.” Article quality was assessed using study quality assessment tools from the Department of Health and Human Services (NHLBI).ResultsA total of 1,489 studies were identified; 7 met the inclusion criteria. The studies were recently published (after 2014, 71.4%). Patients with ADs were more likely to die at the site of choice (n = 3) and received less chemotherapy in the last 30 days (n = 1). ADs had no impact on intensive care unit admission (n = 1) or hospitalization (n = 1). One study found an association between ADs and referral to palliative care, but other did not find the same result.Significance of resultsOf the seven articles found, four demonstrated effects of ADs on the reduction in aggressive measures at the end of life of cancer patients. Heterogeneity regarding study design and results and poor methodological quality are challenges when drawing conclusions.
A Numerical Investigation of Wave‐Supported Gravity Flow During Cold Fronts Over the Atchafalaya Shelf
Authors: Zang Zhengchen , Xue Z. George , Xu Kehui , Ozdemir Celalettin E. , Chen Qin , Bentley Samuel J. , Sahin Cihan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWave‐supported fluid mud (WSFM) plays an important role in sediment downslope transport on the continental shelves. In this study, we incorporated WSFM processes in the wave boundary layer (WBL) into the Community Sediment Transport Modeling System (CSTMS) on the platform of the Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere‐Wave‐and‐Sediment Transport modeling system (COAWST). The WSFM module was introduced between the bottommost water layer and top sediment layer, which accounted for the key sediment exchange processes (e.g., resuspension, vertical settling, diffusion, and horizontal advection) at the water‐WBL and WBL‐sediment bed boundaries. To test its robustness, we adapted the updated model (CSTMS + WBL) to the Atchafalaya shelf in the northern Gulf of Mexico and successfully reproduced the sediment dynamics in March 2008, when active WSFM processes were reported. Compared with original CSTMS results, including WSFM module weakened the overall intensity of sediment resuspension, and the CSTMS + WBL model simulated a lutocline between the WBL and overlying water due to the formation of WSFM. Downslope WSFM transport resulted in offshore deposition (>4 cm), which greatly changed the net erosion/deposition pattern on the inner shelf off the Chenier Plain. WSFM flux was comparable with suspended sediment flux (SSF) off the Atchafalaya Bay, and it peaked along the Chenier Plain coast where wave activities were strong and the bathymetric slope was steep. The influence of fluvial sediment supply on sediment dynamics was limited in the Atchafalaya Bay. Sensitivity tests of free settling, flocculation, and hindered settling effects suggested that sediments were transported further offshore due to reduced settling velocity in the WBL once fluid mud was formed. Although sediment concentration in the WBL was sensitive to surface sediment critical shear stress, cohesive bed behavior was less important in WSFM dynamics when compared with strong hydrodynamic during cold fronts.
The Climatological Context of Trends in the Onset of Northern Hemisphere Seasonal Snow Cover, 1972–2017
Authors: Allchin Michael I. , Déry Stephen J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSeveral studies based on the longest remotely sensed record of Northern Hemisphere seasonal snow cover have indicated that its extent has increased over large areas of Eurasia and North America during the transition from summer to winter. Given current understanding of widespread warming trends, this finding is somewhat surprising. It has been suggested that these increases are artifacts of technological improvements in the data set's production. Alternatively, if such trends do reflect actual changes in the timing and location of snow onset, it follows that associations should exist with altered spatiotemporal patterns of atmospheric activity likely to influence the probability of snowfall. This study places significant onset trends during September to December between 1972 and 2017 within the context of means and trends of a range of relevant metrics of middle‐to‐lower tropospheric activity between 1972 and 2014, summarized from monthly reanalysis data. The results suggest that clear explanatory links exist between earlier (and later) onset, and patterns of trends in 500 hPa geopotential heights and sea level pressure, airflows at 500 and 850 hPa, atmospheric humidity, and near‐surface temperature. These findings suggest that most incidences of progressively earlier Eurasian snow cover result from northward advection of moisture by stronger southerly winds, driven by altered zonal gradients in geopotential height north of the Himalayan ranges. Over North America, moisture has been supplied primarily from maritime sources along zonal airflows induced by meridional gradients.
Spectral, Compositional, and Physical Properties of the Upper Murray Formation and Vera Rubin Ridge, Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Jacob S. R. , Wellington D. F. , Bell J. F. , Achilles C. , Fraeman A. A. , Horgan B. , Johnson J. R. , Maurice S. , Peters G. H. , Rampe E. B. , Thompson L. M. , Wiens R. C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDuring 2018 and 2019, the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover investigated the chemistry, morphology, and stratigraphy of Vera Rubin ridge (VRR). Using orbital data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars, scientists attributed the strong 860 nm signal associated with VRR to the presence of red crystalline hematite. However, Mastcam multispectral data and CheMin X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements show that the depth of the 860 nm absorption is negatively correlated with the abundance of red crystalline hematite, suggesting that other mineralogical or physical parameters are also controlling the 860 nm absorption. Here, we examine Mastcam and ChemCam passive reflectance spectra from VRR and other locations to link the depth, position, and presence or absence of iron‐related mineralogic absorption features to the XRD‐derived rock mineralogy. Correlating CheMin mineralogy to spectral parameters showed that the ~860 nm absorption has a strong positive correlation with the abundance of ferric phyllosilicates. New laboratory reflectance measurements of powdered mineral mixtures can reproduce trends found in Gale crater. We hypothesize that variations in the 860 nm absorption feature in Mastcam and ChemCam observations of VRR materials are a result of three factors: (1) variations in ferric phyllosilicate abundance due to its ~800–1,000 nm absorption; (2) variations in clinopyroxene abundance because of its band maximum at ~860 nm; and (3) the presence of red crystalline hematite because of its absorption centered at 860 nm. We also show that relatively small changes in Ca‐sulfate abundance is one potential cause of the erosional resistance and geomorphic expression of VRR.
Subglacial Drainage Evolution Modulates Seasonal Ice Flow Variability of Three Tidewater Glaciers in Southwest Greenland
Authors: Davison B. J. , Sole A. J. , Cowton T. R. , Lea J. M. , Slater D. A. , Fahrner D. , Nienow P. W. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSurface‐derived meltwater can access the bed of the Greenland ice sheet, causing seasonal velocity variations. The magnitude, timing, and net impact on annual average ice flow of these seasonal perturbations depend on the hydraulic efficiency of the subglacial drainage system. We examine the relationships between drainage system efficiency and ice velocity, at three contrasting tidewater glaciers in southwest Greenland during 2014–2019, using high‐resolution remotely sensed ice velocities, modeled surface melting, subglacial discharge at the terminus, and results from buoyant plume modeling. All glaciers underwent a seasonal speed‐up, which usually coincided with surface melt onset, and subsequent slow‐down, which usually followed inferred subglacial channelization. The amplitude and timing of these speed variations differed between glaciers, with the speed‐up being larger and more prolonged at our fastest study glacier. At all glaciers, however, the seasonal variations in ice flow are consistent with inferred changes in hydraulic efficiency of the subglacial drainage system and qualitatively indicative of a flow regime in which annually averaged ice velocity is relatively insensitive to interannual variations in meltwater supply—so‐called “ice flow self‐regulation.” These findings suggest that subglacial channel formation may exert a strong control on seasonal ice flow variations, even at fast‐flowing tidewater glaciers.