bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combat Social Work in Afghanistan, 2010–2011
Authors: Stokes Thomas J. , North Naomi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter presents an interview with a combat social worker who shares his experience of deployment to Afghanistan, initially assigned to the 344th Combat Support Hospital, U.S. Army Reserve. In Afghanistan, the author was attached to the Medical Combat Stress Control Detachment 1 and forward deployed as a combat social worker to Forward Operating Base Gardez. The author breaks down deployment into phases and describes the operational stress associated with each phase for deployed personnel and their families. As a result of their service, military personnel and their families undergo interpersonal and cultural transformations, including the development of profound relationships. This chapter points out the effects of loneliness, social isolation, and cultural disconnect on members of the military community as they navigate civilian society. The author offers lessons learned to social workers practicing with members of the military community, including preventing problems before they occur and viewing members of the military community through a sociocultural lens.
Deployment of a Social Worker
Authors: Kirwan Eric J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In this chapter, the author discusses adaptability as the most valuable quality for a social worker. Reflecting on his career, the author discusses his ability to adjust to any situation and connect with different types of people. That skill has translated well for him in his career. He especially focuses on his experiences as a combat social worker during deployment, since he used every social work skill to be effective in this setting. He discusses the many challenges and the lessons he learned from being a combat social worker. He notes, for example, that mental health is not well-received in the military, especially within certain combat-focused units. He describes how it requires a lot of outreach and integration with members to help develop rapport and reduce stigma. One lesson learned: playing ping-pong seemed to be one of the popular activities among other strategies used to build relations within units while doing outreach.
Monsters to Destroy
Authors: Bapat Navin A. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This study argues that the war on terror can be explained as an effort to cement the U.S. dollar as the world’s foremost reserve currency by expanding American control over the global energy markets. Since the 1970s, the states of OPEC agreed to denominate their oil sales in U.S. dollars in exchange for American military protection. The 9/11 attacks gave the U.S. cover to eliminate current challengers to this system while simultaneously striking new security agreements with host states throughout the Middle East, Africa, and central Asia that are critical to the extraction, sale, and transportation of energy to global markets. However, the U.S. security guarantee soon created a moral hazard problem. Since the host states had American protection, they were free to engage in corrupt behaviors—while labeling their political opponents as terrorists. To make matters worse, these states had incentives to keep terrorists in their territory, given that doing so would force the U.S. to protect them indefinitely. As a result of this moral hazard problem, terrorists in the host states gradually grew in power and transitioned to insurgencies, which caused a rapid escalation in violence. Facing the increasing cost of securing the host states, the U.S. was forced to scale back its security guarantee, which in turn contributed to greater violence in the energy market. Although the U.S. began the war to maintain its economic dominance, it now finds itself locked into a seemingly permanent war for its economic security.
Order in the Age of Great Power Politics
Authors: Lascurettes Kyle M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Chapter 4 (“Order in the Age of Great Power Politics”) assesses the first three cases of order change opportunity. In two of these instances—the Westphalian settlements after the Thirty Years’ War in 1648 and the peace of Utrecht following the War of the Spanish Succession in 1713—the great power victors of these conflicts seized their opportunity to reshape order, while in one—the end of the Seven Years’ War in 1763—they did not. The chapter demonstrates that the logic of excluding introduced in chapter 3 best explains dominant-actors’ preferences and behaviors in these moments. When these states perceived no major threats on the horizon—in 1763—they were content to focus on the particularities of the recent war and its peace settlement rather than recasting larger order principles. But in the presence of looming threatening forces, the dominant actors of 1648 and 1713 sought larger and more fundamental order changes that went far beyond the particular issues of the day.
The Wilsonian Order Project
Authors: Lascurettes Kyle M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
How do we account for the vision of international order the American delegation pursued at the Paris Peace Conference after World War I, manifested most concretely in the Covenant of the League of Nations that was written by avowed liberal internationalist Woodrow Wilson? The dominant inclusive narrative of order construction in 1919 emphasizes America’s liberal institutions at home coupled with its president’s progressive ideals and sense of ideological mission in world affairs. By contrast, chapter 6 (“The Wilsonian Order Project”) argues that the new ideological threat posed by radical socialism after the Bolshevik Revolution in late 1917 actually played the most critical role in shaping the order preferences of Wilson and his principal advisers both before and during the Paris Peace Conference.
The Importance of Candidate and District Characteristics
Authors: West Karleen Jones 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter examines how ethnic-party candidates’ efforts to attract votes in 2006 were reflected in their campaign strategies. According to the argument of this book, ethnic-party candidates are expected to behave strategically in response to certain individual and district-level constraints, and on occasion emphasize their personal characteristics and their abilities to provide patronage in order to be competitive. This chapter evaluates this expectation using data gathered in three provinces on five different Pachakutik party campaigns during the 2006 legislative elections in Ecuador. The investigation focuses specifically on how district demographics (like district magnitude) and candidate qualities (like prior experience in politics and access to resources) affect the extent to which ethnic candidates emphasize a consistent platform for attracting voters. This qualitative analysis relies on campaign materials, campaign speeches, candidate interviews, and personal observations in order to measure how candidates generate representational relationships with their constituents.
How to Drink in Japan
Authors: West Mark D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter uses Japanese court opinions and other sources to explore the broad contours of alcohol in Japanese society: the what, where, and why of drinking in Japan. The what examines the primary kinds of alcohol consumed in Japan (sake, shochu, and beer), the cultural significance of those drinks and others, and the correlations certain drinks have with certain activities. The where examines social drinking practices at establishments like izakaya, snacks (sunakku), and host clubs as well as at-home drinking norms like drinking with dinner (banshaku) and nightcaps (nezake). The why explores motivations for drinking, including work-related drinking patterns and drinking as stress relief.
Punishing the Drunk
Authors: West Mark D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores the Japanese criminal sentencing system both in general and in the context of crimes committed while intoxicated. Sentencing in Japan is based on a “market price” system in which courts usually pronounce sentences that are slightly lower than those requested by prosecutors. In most criminal cases, courts then construct a narrative to explain the sentence. The narrative often takes into account factors like remorse, apology, settlement with the victim, and impact on society. In criminal cases involving intoxicated defendants, courts additionally rely on two specific factors: oaths to stop drinking and the support of others, particularly family members.
Conclusion: One for the Road
Authors: West Mark D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The conclusion begins with a final case, in which an intoxicated salaryman is run over by a train, as an example of the degree to which cases have both common themes and individual-specific characteristics. In this case the deceased’s heirs sue the railway company for wrongful death, and the railway company countersues for damages incurred in cleaning up the tracks. The court finds no liability for the railway and orders the deceased’s heirs to pay a portion—but not all—of the costs of cleanup. Along the way the court provides such detail that the deceased emerges as a recognizable individual who drank in familiarly patterned ways. The book concludes by analyzing its key findings, focusing on the rich description of alcohol in Japanese society created by courts and their ability to bring individuals to life in their narratives.
Melody, Memory, and Engagement in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Vanstone Ashley D. , Cuddy Lola L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
What are the personal and clinical implications of preserved memory for music in dementia? In light of this question, a framework is proposed for integrating basic and clinical research findings and for case formulation and theory building in music-based interventions. Elaborating on the Comprehensive Process Model of Engagement, a proposal is made for music engagement as an inclusive concept that encompasses the variety of ways in which individuals involve themselves with musical stimuli. It is argued that instances of music engagement arise through the combined influence of person, stimulus, and environment attributes. Preserved memory for melodies is discussed as an attribute of the person with particular relevance to music engagement. This approach orients naturally toward considering individual differences and, as such, lends itself well to case-based research and clinical case formulation.
Musical Playlists for Addressing Depression in People With Dementia
Authors: Garrido Sandra 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Depression is common in most forms of dementia. The relationship appears to be bi-directional, with depression being both a prodromal (or early) symptom and a risk factor for developing dementia. Depression and anxiety can also contribute to accelerated cognitive decline and reduced quality of life in people with dementia. This chapter will outline the relationship between depression and dementia and consider the use of personalized musical playlists to address depression in people with dementia. Although listening to music is a powerful means for improving mood among certain groups, people with depression and people with dementia appear to be vulnerable to music triggering negative thoughts or negative memories. Both the benefits and the risks to be considered in playlist selection will be discussed.
Differences in Mentality*
Authors: Reykowski Janusz 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Intercultural similarity of ideological conflicts, which are manifested in many countries as the conservatism/liberalism opposition, is related to the origin of these conflicts. They are an expression of differences in mentality, reflecting two opposite tendencies that exist in human mind. One is associated with human’s fundamental adaptation task: maintaining cohesion of their community and protecting its welfare. The other is related to the strivings for emancipation of the individual. The first tendency is the basis for the collectivist mentality and conservative ideology, whereas the other one, historically much more recent, is expressed by the individualist mentality and liberal ideology. There are considerable psychological differences between the two, especially in value systems, moral thinking, and cognitive styles. But there are also similarities. Therefore, the widespread belief that those two ideologies constitute two separate, naturally hostile “nations,” is misleading.
The Poem as Icon
Authors: Freeman Margaret H. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The objective in this book is to show how poetry enables us cognitively to aesthetically access, experience, and identify with the visible and invisible “being” of reality, with art as one cognitive expression of the aesthetic faculty, science another. Just as scientific knowledge of reality is achieved through physically exploring the far reaches of the visible and invisible worlds, so is poetic experience achieved through iconically simulating in semblance the “being” of reality that integrates both self and world in participatory unity. “Being” here should not be understood as the existence of material substance, but as the essence of all that is, both visible and invisible, material and immaterial, a life force in continuous flux and change. The book explores cognition as the sensory-motor-emotive-conceptual processes of “minding” and the aesthetic faculty as the processes of attention, imagination, memory, discrimination, expertise, and judgment that underlie all human cognition, including the arts and the sciences. Drawing from research such as blending and neurocognition in interdisciplinary cognitive literary studies, the book attempts to resolve long-standing questions about the function of poetry. Accepting the premise that poetry is its own artistic reason for being, it introduces the major elements—semblance, metaphor, schema, and affect—that constitute a poem as icon in motivating a poet’s intension and a respondent’s engagement. In so doing the book makes the case that a poem is a potential icon of the felt reality of being and shows that poetic iconicity provides a means for evaluating great poetry and an explanation for its endurance.
Loving Stones
Authors: Haberman David L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Loving Stones: Making the Impossible Possible in the Worship of Mount Govardhan is based on ethnographic and textual research with two major objectives. First, it is a study of the conceptions of and worshipful interactions with Mount Govardhan, a sacred mountain located in the Braj region of north-central India that has for centuries been considered an embodied form of Krishna. In this capacity it provides detailed information about the rich religious world associated with Mount Govardhan, much of which has not been available in previous scholarly literature. It is often said in that Mount Govardhan “makes the impossible possible” for devoted worshipers. This investigation includes an examination of the perplexing paradox of an infinite god embodied in finite form, wherein each particular form is non-different from the unlimited. Second, it aims to address the challenge of interpreting something as radically different as the worship of a mountain and its stones for a culture in which this practice is quite alien. This challenge involves exploration of interpretive strategies that aspire to make the incomprehensible understandable, and engages in theoretical considerations of incongruity, inconceivability, and like realms of the impossible. This aspect of the book includes critical consideration of the place and history of the pejorative concept of idolatry (and secondarily, its twin, anthropomorphism) in the comparative study of religions. Accordingly, the second aim aspires to use the worship of Mount Govardhan as a site to explore ways in which scholars engaged in the difficult work of representing other cultures struggle to “make the impossible possible.”
What’s So Special About the 50-Minute Hour?
Authors: Kottler Jeffrey A. , Balkin Richard S. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In What’s So Special About the 50 Minute Hour? the authors uncover the pragmatic reasons behind the 50-minute session. But this standardized process of client care is fairly unique to the helping professions. Therapists lack the flexibility to end a session premature or extend a session if needed. Insurance companies also standardize the process, providing billing increments based on time. Research on the optimal session time did not yield conclusive findings that there is any benefit of a 50-minutes session over various time increments. The pragmatics reasons of billing and time management tend to be influential factors to the longevity of the 50-minute session standard.
Promoting Democracy in the Face of Autocracy
Authors: Herrold Catherine E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChapter 5 reviews how President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, following his installation in 2014, quickly moved to consolidate power and repress Egypt’s NGO sector. The chapter describes how in 2017 the Egyptian government ratified an even more oppressive NGO law that further restricted foreign funding, eliminated loopholes for human rights organizations, curtailed permissible activities, and instituted more severe punishments for violating the law. Rather than a transition to democracy, Egypt seemed to have settled into even deeper autocracy, as President Sisi curtailed civil society even more repressively than had Mubarak. Chapter 5 draws on data collected in 2014 and 2017 to show how development NGO and foundation leaders persevered, finding new and creative ways to continue to fight for reform.
Critical Journalists in China and Russia
Authors: Repnikova Maria 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter compares media politics in China and Russia through the prism of critical journalists. It argues that whereas Chinese journalists experience political restrictions in the form of “structured ambiguity” or via frequent preemptive signals from the state, Russian journalists face a more arbitrary state that sends occasional post-factum signals that are difficult to premeditate. As a result, journalists’ negotiation strategies also differ between the two cases. Chinese journalists embark upon a routine game of cautious improvisation with the state, whereas Russian journalists combine defiant opposition with resigned self-censorship. The China-Russia comparison suggests that structured ambiguity breeds resistance from within, whereas arbitrary coercion incites political contestation that is more isolated but also more radically disposed.
Legitimacy, Resilience, and Political Education in Russia and China
Authors: Koesel Karrie J. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
How do authoritarian regimes attempt to build loyalty among a globally minded youth? In what ways do they educate students to be supportive of those in power, and how do strategies of legitimation change over time? This chapter examines political and patriotic education in contemporary Russia and China, including government-recommended textbooks from Russian high schools and the politics subject test of the Chinese National College Entrance Examination (NCEE). Political education materials provide a window into what these regimes view as the most politically important, what they want to transmit to young people, and insight into authoritarian strategies of legitimation. Several conclusions can be drawn from this analysis. One is that both the Russian and the Chinese regimes socialize around similar pillars of legitimacy, including ideology, institutions, and law. However, the Chinese regime seeks to foster support by highlighting economic and cultural achievements, whereas the Russian textbooks are both supportive and subversive in their discussions of democracy.
Going Public
Authors: Rosenfeld Bryn 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This chapter investigates the political orientations and career aspirations of students who intend to join the state sector in Russia, using original survey data from three elite Russian universities. The analysis focuses on whether and how Russia’s future public servants differ from others in their views of the importance of political freedom, order, national security, and strong economic performance. It finds that Russian youth aspire to work for an autocratic state not because they favor autocratic values nor because they hope to build more democratic institutions. Rather, their preference is based on access to recruitment channels: universities with strong alumni networks in the state apparatus or a parent working in the public sector. These findings suggest that public sector workers’ attitudes are similar to those of others at the start of their careers. Over time, however, public servants’ political attitudes diverge, suggesting that Russia’s large public sector also plays a vital role in securing regime support.
Tibullus
Authors: Hejduk Julia Dyson 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Despite playing a relatively minor role in Tibullan elegy, Jupiter exhibits a remarkable range of activities and symbolic valences. Book 1 makes the god, like Messalla, primarily a foil and competitor to the values of the elegiac world. As Messalla is introduced fighting on land and sea while the poet languishes before his mistress’s troublesome door, so Jupiter is introduced as the wielder of the rain and thunderbolts that could penetrate that door. Jupiter the dominus, in fact, is the one who brought into being Messalla’s world of war, wounds, and “roads” of death. Priapus’s insistence that Jupiter forbade lovers’ oaths to be binding implicitly casts Jupiter as one with a background in amorous perjury; as with Messalla’s imagined epiphany in the following poem, the god enters the elegiac sphere to succeed where the poet fails. The Nile’s supplantation of “rainy Jupiter” as the all-encompassing husband and father aligns with Tibullus’s covert exclusion of Augustus from his pastoral world. Jupiter’s transformation in book 2 into the victorious god of Rome signals Tibullus’s changing purposes. Like Virgil, Tibullus hints at the inherent instability of the Golden Age ideal, since Jupiter’s expulsion of Saturn signals the end of a utopian era even as Augustus’s victory clears the way for a new one. When Jupiter assigns the Laurentian fields to the proto-Romans, he is lodged between flitting Love and flitting Victory. Whether stability or instability will predominate is something not even the Sibyl can foresee.
The impacts of integrated media systems and social media in news
Authors: Dowd Cate 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Integrated media systems are not only content management systems for production and publishing of online news, they are also hubs for mobile connectivity to remote servers and conduits for search and social media, but verification and analytics have also spawned data jobs intersecting with journalism. These layers of technological convergence across social media and media systems are like tunnels to data sharing on cloud servers. The latter has also presented opportunities for intermediary agencies, like Storyful, owned by Murdoch, to access big data and the potential of linked data via social media. The potential of cloud servers, mixed with social media, has also spawned new roles for news verification and roles in online trends, as well as cloud engineering jobs. Big data has indeed inspired new data sharing partnerships to boost online traffic and advertising through data insights. The result is more analytics that impact on the focus in journalism.