bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Near Total Versus Gross Total Resection of Large Vestibular Schwannomas: Facial Nerve Outcome
Authors: Schneider Julia R , Chiluwal Amrit K , Arapi Orseola , Kwan Kevin , Dehdashti Amir R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Large vestibular schwannomas (VSs) with brainstem compression are generally reserved for surgical resection. Surgical aggressiveness must be balanced with morbidity from cranial nerve injury. The purpose of the present investigation is to evaluate the clinical presentation, management modality, and patient outcomes following near total resection (NTR) vs gross total resection (GTR) of large VSs.

OBJECTIVE
To assess facial nerve outcome differences between GTR and NTR patient cohorts.

METHODS
Between January 2010 and March 2018, a retrospective chart review was completed to capture patients continuously who had VSs with Hannover grades T4a and T4b. NTR was decided upon intraoperatively. Primary data points were collected, including preoperative symptoms, tumor size, extent of resection, and postoperative neurological outcome.

RESULTS
A total of 37 patients underwent surgery for treatment of large and giant (grade 4a and 4b) VSs. Facial nerve integrity was preserved in 36 patients (97%) at the completion of surgery. A total of 27 patients underwent complete resection, and 10 had near total (>95%) resection. Among patients with GTR, 78% (21/27) had House-Brackmann (HB) grade I-II facial nerve function at follow-up, whereas 100% (10/10) of the group with NTR had HB grade I-II facial nerve function. Risk of meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid leak, and sinus thromboses were not statistically different between the 2 groups. There was no stroke, brainstem injury, or death. The mean follow-up was 36 mo.

CONCLUSION
NTR seems to offer a benefit in terms of facial nerve functional outcome compared to GTR in surgical management of large VSs without significant risk of recurrence.
The risk and trend of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis in rheumatoid arthritis: a general population-based study
Authors: Li Lingyi , Lu Na , Avina-Galindo Ana Michelle , Zheng Yufei , Lacaille Diane , Esdaile John M , Choi Hyon K , Aviña-Zubieta J Antonio 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the overall risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) among patients newly diagnosed with RA compared with the general population without RA; and to estimate the risk trends of VTE, PE and DVT after RA diagnosis up to 5 years compared with the general population.MethodsUsing previously validated RA case definition, we conducted a matched cohort study using the population-based administrative health database from the province of British Columbia, Canada. We calculated incidence rates (IRs) and fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of VTE, DVT and PE after RA index date.ResultsAmong 39 142 incident RA patients (66% female, mean age 60), 1432, 543 and 1068 developed VTE, PE and DVT, respectively. IRs for the RA cohort were 3.79, 1.43 and 2.82 per 1000 person-years vs 2.70, 1.03 and 1.94 per 1000 person-years for the non-RA cohort. After adjusting for VTE risk factors, the HRs (95% CI) were 1.28 (1.20, 1.36), 1.25 (1.13, 1.39) and 1.30 (1.21, 1.40) for VTE, PE and DVT, respectively. The fully adjusted HRs for VTE during the first five years after RA diagnosis were 1.60, 1.47, 1.40, 1.30 and 1.28, respectively. A similar trend was shown in PE.ConclusionThis population-based study demonstrates that RA patients have an increased risk of VTE, PE and DVT after diagnosis compared with the general population. This risk is independent of traditional VTE risk factors and is highest during the first year after RA diagnosis, then progressively declined.
Effector membrane translocation biosensors reveal G protein and βarrestin coupling profiles of 100 therapeutically relevant GPCRs
Authors: Avet Charlotte , Mancini Arturo , Breton Billy , Gouill Christian Le , Hauser Alexander S. , Normand Claire , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Gross Florence , Hogue Mireille , Lukasheva Viktoriya , St-Onge Stéphane , Carrier Marilyn , Héroux Madeleine , Morissette Sandra , Fauman Eric , Fortin Jean-Philippe , Schann Stephan , Leroy Xavier , Gloriam David E. , Bouvier Michel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe recognition that individual GPCRs can activate multiple signaling pathways has raised the possibility of developing drugs selectively targeting therapeutically relevant ones. This requires tools to determine which G proteins and βarrestins are activated by a given receptor. Here, we present a set of BRET sensors monitoring the activation of the 12 G protein subtypes based on the translocation of their effectors to the plasma membrane (EMTA). Unlike most of the existing detection systems, EMTA does not require modification of receptors or G proteins (except for Gs). EMTA was found to be suitable for the detection of constitutive activity, inverse agonism, biased signaling and polypharmacology. Profiling of 100 therapeutically relevant human GPCRs resulted in 1,500 pathway-specific concentration-response curves and revealed a great diversity of coupling profiles ranging from exquisite selectivity to broad promiscuity. Overall, this work describes unique resources for studying the complexities underlying GPCR signaling and pharmacology.
Colchicine inhibits neutrophil extracellular trap formation in acute coronary syndrome patients after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Vaidya Kaivan , Tucker Bradley , Kurup Rahul , Khandkar Chinmay , Pandzic Elvis , Barraclough Jennifer , Machet Joshua , Misra Ashish , Kavurma Mary , Martinez Gonzalo , Rye Kerry-Anne , Cochran Blake J , Patel Sanjay 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveRelease of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is associated with peri-procedural myocardial infarction, as a result of microvascular obstruction via pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic pathways. Colchicine is a potent, well-established anti-inflammatory agent with growing evidence to support use in patients with coronary disease. However, its effects on post-PCI NET formation in ACS has not been explored.Approach and Results60 patients (40 ACS; 20 stable angina pectoris [SAP]) were prospectively recruited and allocated to colchicine or no treatment. Within 24 h of treatment, serial coronary sinus blood samples were collected during PCI. Isolated neutrophils from 10 ACS patients post-PCI and 4 healthy controls were treated in vitro with colchicine (25 nM) and stimulated with either ionomycin (5 μM) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 50 nM). Extracellular DNA was quantified using Sytox Green and fixed cells were stained with Hoechst and anti-alpha tubulin. Baseline characteristics were similar across both treatment and control arms. ACS patients had higher NET release versus SAP patients (p<0.001), which was reduced with colchicine treatment (AUC: 0.58 vs. 4.29; p<0.001). In vitro, colchicine suppressed spontaneous (p=0.004), PMA-induced (p=0.03) and ionomycin-induced (p=0.02) NET formation in neutrophils isolated from ACS patients post-PCI, but not healthy controls. Tubulin organisation was impaired in neutrophils from patients with ACS but was restored by colchicine treatment.ConclusionsColchicine suppresses NET formation in ACS patients post-PCI by restoring cytoskeletal dynamics. These findings warrant further investigation in randomised trials powered for clinical endpoints.Graphical Abstract
Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in medical staff members of neurosurgery departments in Hubei province: A multicentre descriptive study
Authors: Wang Qiangping , Huang Xing , Bai Yansen , Wang Xuan , Wang Haijun , Hu Xuebin , Wang Feng , Wang Xianke , Chen Jincao , Chen Qianxue , Jiang Xiaobing , Zhao Hongyang 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has infected a large number of healthcare workers in Hubei province, China. In addition to infectious and respiratory disease physicians, many doctors in other medical fields have been infected.MethodsWe prospectively collected epidemiological data on medical staff members who are working in neurosurgery departments in 107 hospitals in Hubei province through self-reported questionnaires or telephone interviews. Data of medical staff members with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were analysed. The final follow-up date was 1 March 2020.FindingsA total of 5,442 neurosurgery department medical staff members were surveyed. One hundred and twenty cases, involving 54 doctors and 66 nurses, were found to have been infected with SARS-CoV-2. The overall incidence was 2.2%. These cases were concentrated in 26 centres, 16 of which had admitted a total of 59 patients with COVID-19 complicated by craniocerebral disease. Medical staff members in centres receiving COVID-19 patients had a higher risk of contracting infection than those in centres not receiving COVID-19 patients (relative risk: 19.6; 95% confidence interval: 12.6–30.6). Contact with either COVID-19 patients (62.5%, 75/120) or infected colleagues (30.8%, 37/120) was the most common mode of transmission. About 78.3% (94/120) of the infected cases wore surgical masks, whereas 20.8% (25/120) failed to use protection when exposed to the source of infection. Severe infections were observed in 11.7% (14/120) of the cases, with one death (0.8%, 1/120). All the infected medical staff members had been discharged from the hospital. A total of 1,287 medical staff members were dispatched to participate in the frontline response to COVID-19 under level 2 protection of whom one was infected. Medical staff members who took inadequate protection had a higher risk of contracting infection than those using level 2 protection (relative risk: 36.9; 95% confidence interval: 5.2–263.6).ConclusionsNeurosurgical staff members in Hubei province were seriously affected by COVID-19. Level 2 protection and strengthening of protective measures are likely to be effective in preventing medical workers from being infected.
Understanding the Collective Responses of Populations to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mainland China
Authors: Xiong Haoyi , Liu Ji , Huang Jizhou , Huang Siyu , An Haozhe , Kang Qi , Li Ying , Dou Dejing , Wang Haifeng 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTTimely information acquisition and stay-at-home measures have been considered as two effective steps that every person could take to help contain the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. From the perspectives of information and mobility, this work aims at evaluating to what degree the massive population has responded to the emergencies of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Using the real-time and historical data collected from the Baidu Maps and Baidu search engines, we confirm the strong correlation between the local pandemic situation in every major Chinese city and the population inflows from Wuhan between 1 January and 23 January 2020. We further evidence that, in cities under more critical situations, people are likely to engage COVID-19-related searches more frequently, while they are not likely to escape from the cities. Finally, the correlation analysis using search and mobility data shows that well-informed individuals are likely to travel less, even while the overall travel demands are low compared to the historical records. Partial correlation analysis has been conducted to test the significance of these observations with respect to other controlling factors.
Estimating the burden of SARS-CoV-2 in France
Authors: Salje Henrik , Kiem Cécile Tran , Lefrancq Noémie , Courtejoie Noémie , Bosetti Paolo , Paireau Juliette , Andronico Alessio , Hozé Nathanaël , Richet Jehanne , Dubost Claire-Lise , Strat Yann Le , Lessler Justin , Bruhl Daniel Levy , Fontanet Arnaud , Opatowski Lulla , Boelle Pierre-Yves , Cauchemez Simon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFrance has been heavily affected by the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and went into lockdown on the 17th March 2020. Using models applied to hospital and death data, we estimate the impact of the lockdown and current population immunity. We find 2.6% of infected individuals are hospitalized and 0.53% die, ranging from 0.001% in those <20y to 8.3% in those >80y. Across all ages, men are more likely to be hospitalized, enter intensive care, and die than women. The lockdown reduced the reproductive number from 3.3 to 0.5 (84% reduction). By 11 May, when interventions are scheduled to be eased, we project 3.7 million (range: 2.3-6.7) people, 5.7% of the population, will have been infected. Population immunity appears insufficient to avoid a second wave if all control measures are released at the end of the lockdown.
Prediction of the Peak, Effect of Intervention and Total Infected by the Coronavirus Disease in India
Authors: Shah Parth Vipul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe study the effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in India using the SEIR compartmental model. After it’s outbreak in Wuhan, China, it has been imported to India which is a densely populated country. India is fighting against this disease by ensuring nationwide social distancing. We estimate the infection rate to be 0.258 using a least square method with Poisson noise and estimate the reproduction number to be 2.58. We approximate the peak of the epidemic to be August 11, 2020. We estimate that a 25% drop in infection rate will delay the peak by 38 days for a 1 month intervention period. We estimate that the total individuals infected in India will be approximately 9% of the total population.
Monitoring COVID-19 progression: Look at Us Today, See Yourself Tomorrow
Authors: Noh Jungsik 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is causing public health emergency and economic crisis all over the globe. Being widely spread, the virus can make any place in the world a new epicenter of the possible second wave of outbreaks. To control the pandemic progression, monitoring of the virus spreading is imperative. This paper proposes a simple and robust approach to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic progression in many countries or regions. This data science pipeline can provide actionable insights via straightforward COVID-19 data visualization for many regions at a glance, which informs of relative time delay of the pandemic progression, projected numbers of confirmed cases in the near future, and the sizes of infections.
Indexing Cerebrovascular Health Using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound
Authors: Afkhami R. Ghorbani , Wong R. , Ramadan S. , Walker F. R. , Johnson S. J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTranscranial Doppler (TCD) blood flow velocity has been extensively used in biomedical research as it provides a cost-effective and relatively simple approach to assess changes in cerebral blood flow dynamics and track cerebrovascular health status. In this paper, we introduce a new TCD based timing index, TItcd, as an indicator of vascular stiffening and vascular health. We investigate the correlations of the new index and the existing indices, namely the pulsatility index (PItcd) and the augmentation index (AITCD), with age, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) blood flow pulsatility index (PImri). Notably, the new TItcd index showed stronger correlations with CRF (r = −0.79) and PImri (r = 0.53) compared to AItcd (r = −0.65 with CRF and no significant correlation with PImri) and PITCD (no significant correlations with CRF or PImri) and similar correlations with age as AItcd. The clearer relationship of the proposed timing index with vascular aging factors represented by cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) suggests its utility as an early indicator of vascular stiffening.
Effect of storage conditions on peripheral leukocytes transcriptome
Authors: Xing Yanru , Yang Xi , Chen Haixiao , Zhu Sujun , Xu Jinjin , Chen Yuan , Zeng Juan , Chen Fang , Johnson Mark Richard , Jiang Hui , Wang Wen-Jing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionPeripheral blood leukocytes are essential components of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Their transcriptome reflects an individual’s physiological and pathological state, consequently bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing have been used to assess health and disease. As RNA is dynamic and could be affected byex vivoconditions before RNA stabilization, we have assessed the influence of temporary storage on the transcriptome.MethodsWe collected peripheral blood from six healthy donors and processed it immediately or stored it either at 4□ or room temperature (RT, 18–22□) for 2h, 6h and 24h. Total cellular RNA was extracted from leukocytes after red blood cells lysis and the transcriptome analyzed using RNA sequencing.ResultsWe identified 152 up-regulated and 12 down-regulated coding genes in samples stored at 4□ for 24h with most of the up-regulated genes related to nucleosome assembly. More coding genes changed expression at RT, with 1218 increased and 1480 decreased. The increased genes were particularly related to mRNA processing and apoptosis, while the decreased genes were associated with neutrophil activation and cytokine production, implying a reduced proportion of neutrophils, which was confirmed by leukocyte subsets analysis. Most house-keeping genes changed expression during storage, but genes such as TUBB and C1orf43 were relatively stable and could serve as reference genes.ConclusionTemporary storage conditions profoundly affect leukocyte gene expression profiles and change leukocyte subset proportions. Blood samples stored at 4□ for 6h largely maintain their original transcriptome.
Mythical and Observable Trends in Human Sex Ratio at Birth
Authors: Long Yanan , Chen Qi , Larsson Henrik , Rzhetsky Andrey 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe human sex ratio at birth (SRB) is defined as the ratio between the number of newborn boys to the total number of newborns per time unit. It is, typically, slightly greater than(more boys than girls) and fluctuates over time. In this study, we sought to “myth-check” previously reported associations (and test new hypotheses) using variants of mixed-effect regression analyses and time-series models on two very large electronic health record datasets, representing the populations in the United States and Sweden, respectively. Our results revealed that neither dataset supported models in which the SRB changed seasonally or in response to variations in ambient temperature, and that an increased level of a diverse array of pollutants were associated with lower SRBs. Moreover, we found that increased levels of industrial and agricultural activity, which served as proxies for water pollution, were also associated with lower SRBs.
SARS-CoV-2 serological analysis of COVID-19 hospitalized patients, pauci-symptomatic individuals and blood donors
Authors: Grzelak Ludivine , Temmam Sarah , Planchais Cyril , Demeret Caroline , Huon Christèle , Guivel-Benhassine Florence , Staropoli Isabelle , Chazal Maxime , Dufloo Jeremy , Planas Delphine , Buchrieser Julian , Rajah Maaran Michael , Robinot Remy , Porrot Françoise , Albert Mélanie , Chen Kuang-Yu , Crescenzo Bernadette , Donati Flora , Anna François , Souque Philippe , Gransagne Marion , Bellalou Jacques , Nowakowski Mireille , Backovic Marija , Bouadma Lila , Fevre Lucie Le , Hingrat Quentin Le , Descamps Diane , Pourbaix Annabelle , Yazdanpanah Yazdan , Tondeur Laura , Besombes Camille , Ungeheuer Marie-Noëlle , Mellon Guillaume , Morel Pascal , Rolland Simon , Rey Felix , Behillil Sylvie , Enouf Vincent , Lemaitre Audrey , Créach Marie-Aude , Petres Stephane , Escriou Nicolas , Charneau Pierre , Fontanet Arnaud , Hoen Bruno , Bruel Timothée , Eloit Marc , Mouquet Hugo , Schwartz Olivier , van der Werf Sylvie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt is of paramount importance to evaluate the prevalence of both asymptomatic and symptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and their antibody response profile. Here, we performed a pilot study to assess the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in samples taken from 491 pre-epidemic individuals, 51 patients from Hôpital Bichat (Paris), 209 pauci-symptomatic individuals in the French Oise region and 200 contemporary Oise blood donors. Two in-house ELISA assays, that recognize the full-length nucleoprotein (N) or trimeric Spike (S) ectodomain were implemented. We also developed two novel assays: the S-Flow assay, which is based on the recognition of S at the cell surface by flow-cytometry, and the LIPS assay that recognizes diverse antigens (including S1 or N C-terminal domain) by immunoprecipitation. Overall, the results obtained with the four assays were similar, with differences in sensitivity that can be attributed to the technique and the antigen in use. High antibody titers were associated with neutralisation activity, assessed using infectious SARS-CoV-2 or lentiviral-S pseudotypes. In hospitalized patients, seroconversion and neutralisation occurred on 5-14 days post symptom onset, confirming previous studies. Seropositivity was detected in 29% of pauci-symptomatic individuals within 15 days post-symptoms and 3 % of blood of healthy donors collected in the area of a cluster of COVID cases. Altogether, our assays allow for a broad evaluation of SARS-CoV2 seroprevalence and antibody profiling in different population subsets.
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase mediated monounsaturated fatty acid availability supports humoral immunity
Authors: Zhou Xian , Zhu Xingxing , Li Chaofan , Li Yanfeng , Ye Zhenqing , Shapiro Virginia , Copland John A. , Hitosugi Taro , Bernlohr David , Sun Jie , Zeng Hu 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTImmune cells can metabolize glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids (FAs) to generate energy. The role of different FA species, and their impacts on humoral immunity remains poorly understood. Here we report that proliferating B cells require monounsaturated FAs (MUFA) to maintain mitochondrial metabolism and mTOR activity, and to prevent excessive autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Furthermore, B cell extrinsic Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity generates MUFA to support early B cell development and germinal center (GC) formationin vivoduring immunization and influenza infection. Thus, SCD-mediated MUFA production is critical for humoral immunity.
Representation of conscious percept without report in the macaque face patch network
Authors: Hesse Janis K. , Tsao Doris Y. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA powerful paradigm to identify the neural correlates of consciousness is binocular rivalry, wherein a constant visual stimulus evokes a varying conscious percept. It has recently been suggested that activity modulations observed during rivalry could represent the act of report rather than the conscious percept itself. Here, we performed single-unit recordings from face patches in macaque inferotemporal (IT) cortex using a no-report paradigm in which the animal’s conscious percept was inferred from eye movements. We found high proportions of IT neurons represented the conscious percept even without active report. Population activity in single trials, measured using a new 128-site Neuropixels-like electrode, was more weakly modulated by rivalry than by physical stimulus transitions, but nevertheless allowed decoding of the changing conscious percept. These findings suggest that macaque face patches encode both the physical stimulus and the animal’s conscious visual percept, and the latter encoding does not require active report.