bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic potential for insulin on type 1 diabetes‐associated periodontitis: Analysis of experimental periodontitis in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Nishikawa Toru , Suzuki Yuki , Sawada Noritaka , Kobayashi Yasuko , Nakamura Nobuhisa , Miyabe Megumi , Miyajima Shin‐ichi , Adachi Kei , Minato Tomomi , Mizutani Makoto , Toriumi Taku , Ohno Norikazu , Kikuchi Takeshi , Honda Masaki , Noguchi Toshihide , Mitani Akio , Matsubara Tatsuaki , Naruse Keiko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe association between diabetes and periodontal disease is considered to be bidirectional. However, there is still controversy surrounding the relationship between periodontal disease and type 1 diabetes. We investigated whether insulin improves periodontitis without any local treatments for periodontitis under type 1 diabetes conditions using the ligature‐induced experimental periodontitis model.Materials and MethodsType 1 diabetic rats were induced by streptozotocin injection. Experimental periodontitis was induced by ligature in normal and diabetic rats. Half of the diabetic rats were treated with insulin. Two weeks after the ligature, periodontitis was evaluated.ResultsInsulin treatment significantly improved inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory cytokine gene expression, leading to suppression of alveolar bone loss, in the periodontitis of diabetic rats. Insulin also suppressed the periodontitis‐increased nitric oxide synthase‐positive cells in periodontal tissue of the diabetic rats. Even without induction of periodontitis, diabetic rats showed decreased gingival blood flow and an increased number of nitric oxide synthase‐positive cells in the gingiva and alveolar bone loss compared with normal rats, all of which were ameliorated by insulin treatment. We further confirmed that insulin directly suppressed lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory cytokine expressions in THP‐1 cells.ConclusionsThere were abnormalities of periodontal tissue even without the induction of periodontitis in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats. Insulin treatment significantly ameliorated periodontitis without local periodontitis treatment in diabetic rats. These data suggest the therapeutic impacts of insulin on periodontitis in type 1 diabetes.
Heating of liquid foods in cans: Effects of can geometry, orientation, and food rheology
Authors: Borah Rituraj , Gupta Sanjay , Mishra Lubhani , Chhabra Raj P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work, the effect of geometry and orientation of food cans on the heating characteristics of processed liquid foods and the resulting lethality target values as a function of the processing times have been investigated. For this purpose, the governing differential equations have been solved numerically for elliptical and cylindrical cans of varying aspect ratios in different orientations in order to delineate their effect on the heating rate (especially of the slowest heating zone [SHZ]) and lethality values over wide ranges of rheological features including shear thinning (n < 1), Newtonian (n = 1), and shear thickening (n > 1) behaviors. The flow and heat transfer characteristics were analyzed with the help of velocity vectors, isotherm contours, average Nusselt number, SHZ temperature and heat penetration parameters, and lethality target values. Also, comparisons were made in terms of the sterilization time and heat penetration parameters to identify the preferable geometries and orientations of food cans for effective heating of non‐Newtonian foodstuffs. Finally, favorable conditions in terms of the shape and orientation of the can and the rheological properties have been delineated which lead to superior heating characteristics.Practical ApplicationsProcessed foodstuffs are produced in various forms ranging from that in solid, liquid, or as heterogeneous mixtures. Often such liquid and heterogeneous suspensions products are viscous non‐Newtonian in character and their thermal processing (including pasteurization, sterilization, etc.) tends to be much more challenging than that of their Newtonian counterparts like air and water. This work explores heating of non‐Newtonian liquid foodstuffs in cans of various shapes, geometries and in different orientations in the free convection regime. The results show that depending upon the rheological properties of the products, some orientations and/or geometries offer potential advantages in terms of shorter processing times and lethality values. This information can be of great potential in customizing the design of containers for different food products as well as of different rheological properties.
How different surrounding environments influence the characteristics of flash flood‐mortality: The case of the 2017 extreme flood in Mandra, Greece
Authors: Diakakis Michalis , Deligiannakis Giorgos , Andreadakis Emmanouil , Katsetsiadou Katerina N. , Spyrou Navsika I. , Gogou Marilia E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn November 2017, a high‐intensity storm caused a catastrophic flash flood that devastated the city of Mandra, in Greece, and led to the tragic loss of 24 people. The storm caused flooding in the two main tributaries of the basin, creating two very similar hydrological responses with similar flood characteristics that hit two different environments: one within the city and one outside. This work examines the fatal incidents that occurred in relation to the characteristics of the surrounding environment, to investigate the role of the latter in flood mortality. Then, the analysis carried out for the 2017 flood is expanded to a broader database of flood deaths for Greece (1960–2018) for comparison. Results show that certain mortality characteristics differ substantially depending on the setting. Outdoor incidents are more abundant in nonurban environments, in which victims exhibit mostly an active or risk‐taking behaviour against the imminent risk. Urban environments are characterised by a greater diversity of victim activities, higher percentages of indoor deaths, especially for older victims and more passive behaviours. Overall, the study presents evidence on how risk situations develop differently between urban and nonurban settings. Findings are relevant in shaping policy and education programs aiming to mitigate risk.
Somato‐dendritic vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in endocrine and autonomic regulation
Authors: Brown Colin H. , Ludwig Mike , Tasker Jeffrey G. , Stern Javier E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSomato‐dendritic secretion was first demonstrated over 30 years ago. However, although its existence has become widely accepted, the function of somato‐dendritic secretion is still not completely understood. Hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory cells were among the first neuronal phenotypes in which somato‐dendritic secretion was demonstrated and are among the neurones for which the functions of somato‐dendritic secretion are best characterised. These neurones secrete the neuropeptides, vasopressin and oxytocin, in an orthograde manner from their axons in the posterior pituitary gland into the blood circulation to regulate body fluid balance and reproductive physiology. Retrograde somato‐dendritic secretion of vasopressin and oxytocin modulates the activity of the neurones from which they are secreted, as well as the activity of neighbouring populations of neurones, to provide intra‐ and inter‐population signals that coordinate the endocrine and autonomic responses for the control of peripheral physiology. Somato‐dendritic vasopressin and oxytocin have also been proposed to act as hormone‐like signals in the brain. There is some evidence that somato‐dendritic secretion from magnocellular neurosecretory cells modulates the activity of neurones beyond their local environment where there are no vasopressin‐ or oxytocin‐containing axons but, to date, there is no conclusive evidence for, or against, hormone‐like signalling throughout the brain, although it is difficult to imagine that the levels of vasopressin found throughout the brain could be underpinned by release from relatively sparse axon terminal fields. The generation of data to resolve this issue remains a priority for the field.
A Roadmap for Global Acceleration of Genomics Integration Across Nursing
Authors: Tonkin Emma , Calzone Kathleen A. , Badzek Laurie , Benjamin Caroline , Middleton Anna , Patch Christine , Kirk Maggie 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurposeThe changes needed to accelerate integration of genomics across nursing are complex, with significant challenges faced globally. Common themes lend themselves to a coordinated and collaborative strategic approach to sustained change. We aim to synthesize the outputs of a research program to present a roadmap for nursing leadership to guide integration of genomics across practice.DesignMixed methods involving a purposive sample of global nursing leaders and nursing organizations in a sustained, highly interactive program.MethodsExperts in nursing, health care and healthcare services, policy, and leadership were recruited. Online surveys preceded a 3‐day residential meeting utilizing participatory methods and techniques to gain consensus on the essential elements of a roadmap to promote genomics integration.FindingsTwenty‐three leaders representing 19 countries and seven organizations participated overall. Data on the scope and status of nursing, genomics health care, and resources have been synthesized. Participants identified 117 facilitators to genomics integration across diverse sources. Barriers and priorities identified were mapped to the constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. The roadmap is underpinned by a maturity matrix created by participants to guide and benchmark progress in genomics integration.ConclusionsNurse leaders seeking to accelerate change can access practical guidance with the roadmap, underpinned by support through the Global Genomics Nursing Alliance and its strategic priorities.Clinical RelevanceGenomics is shaping the future of healthcare, but change is needed for integration across nursing. This practical roadmap, adaptable to local health systems and clinical and educational contexts, is relevant to nurse leaders aiming to accelerate change.
Big data in vascular surgery: registries, international collaboration and future directions
Authors: Sutzko D. C. , Mani K. , Behrendt C.‐A. , Wanhainen A. , Beck A. W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGiven the increasing availability of large data set, small single‐institutional series raise decreasing attention. Rapid expansion of technology from electronic medical records to easily accessible internet access, and widespread use and acceptance of registries in the medical world has allowed for research and quality improvement efforts using ‘big data’. Big data, although technically not defined, typically refers to large databases that can be used to investigate common or rare disease processes or outcomes, describe variation in clinical practices across and between different specialties at various practice location, whilst allowing important information about trends over time. Big data have allowed investigators to quickly assimilate cohorts of patients and/or procedures to answer current questions, with more complete population representation and improved generalizability whilst decreasing the likelihood of power problems and type II errors. On the other hand, pitfalls still exist with the growing problem of hypothesis fishing, lack of granularity and the fear by many clinicians that registry transparency may have already gone too far, where surgery groups or individual surgeon outcomes are readily available to patients and referring providers. Within vascular surgery specifically, big data have expanded over the last decade and now includes regional, national and global registries that have major benefits of gathering specific clinical and procedural information within vascular surgery. In this review, we highlight the main vascular surgery registries and recap a few success stories of how the registries have been leveraged to benefit discovery, quality improvement and ultimately patient care. Additionally, we outline future directions that will be imperative for continued expansion, acceptance and adoption of ‘big data’ utilization inpatients with vascular disease.
BCG scarring and improved child survival: a combined analysis of studies of BCG scarring
Authors: Benn C. S. , Roth A. , Garly M.‐L. , Fisker A. B. , Schaltz‐Buchholzer F. , Timmermann A. , Berendsen M. , Aaby P. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) is recommended at birth in TB‐endemic areas. Currently, BCG vaccination programmes use “BCG vaccination coverage by 12 months of age” as the performance indicator. Previous studies suggest that BCG‐vaccinated children, who develop a scar, have better overall survival compared with BCG‐vaccinated children, who do not develop a scar. We summarized the available studies of BCG scarring and child survival. A structured literature search for studies with original data and analysis of BCG scarring and mortality were performed. Combined analyses on the effect of BCG scarring on overall mortality. We identified six studies covering seven cohorts, all from Guinea‐Bissau, West Africa, with evaluation of BCG scarring amongst BCG‐vaccinated children and follow‐up for mortality. Determinants of BCG scarring were BCG strain, intradermal injection route, size of injection wheal, and co‐administered vaccines and micronutrients. In a combined analysis, having a BCG scar vs. no BCG scar was associated with a mortality rate ratio (MRR) of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.51–0.74). The proportion with a BCG scar varied from 52 to 93%; the estimated effect of a BCG scar was not associated with the scar prevalence. The effect was strongest in the first (MRR = 0.48 (0.37–0.62)) and second (MRR = 0.63 (0.44–0.92)) year of life, and in children BCG‐vaccinated in the neonatal period (MRR = 0.45 (0.36–0.55)). The effect was not explained by protection against TB. Confounding and genetic factors are unlikely to explain the strong association between BCG scarring and subsequent survival. Including “BCG scar prevalence” as a BCG vaccination programme performance indicator should be considered. The effect of revaccinating scar‐negative children should be studied.
The Effect of Ticagrelor on Platelet Reactivity in Patients with Clopidogrel Resistance Undergoing Neuroendovascular Procedures
Authors: Qureshi Adnan Iqbal , Jahngir Muhammad Umair , Qualls Kathryn , Akinci Yasemin , Lobanova Iryna , Liaqat Jahanzeb , Gao Xiaoyu , Akhtar Iqra Naveed , Kraus Jacqueline , Uzun Guven , French Brandi , Siddiq Farhan , Ramiro Gomez Camilo 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSESuboptimal platelet inhibition by clopidogrel (clopidogrel resistance) may be associated with high rates of stent thrombosis and ischemic events. Our objective was to determine if ticagrelor, a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, can result in platelet inhibition in patients with clopidogrel resistance.METHODSA thromboelastography‐platelet mapping assay was used in all patients undergoing neuroendovascular procedures requiring oral clopidogrel. In patients with suboptimal platelet inhibition (<60%) on clopidogrel, ticagrelor was imitated after an oral bolus of 180 mg followed by 90 mg twice daily and the platelet mapping assay was repeated. The primary endpoint was hemorrhagic complications classified as major (hemoglobin decrease >5 g/dL or intracranial hemorrhage with deficits), minor (hemoglobin decrease 3‐5 g/dL or intracranial hemorrhage without residual deficits), or insignificant.RESULTSSuboptimal platelet inhibition on clopidogrel was seen in 70 of 106 patients undergoing neuroendovascular procedures. There was a significantly higher magnitude of platelet inhibition with ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel in patients with clopidogrel resistance (mean ± SD: 85.90 ± 10.74% vs. 29.26 ± 17.71%; P < .001); 50 of 70 patients showed optimal inhibition. Two patients had major (fatal) hemorrhagic events (both received either intravenous thrombolytics and/or eptifibatide infusion). Three patients had minor hemorrhagic events, and two patients had insignificant hemorrhagic events. Four of seven hemorrhagic events occurred in patients with optimal response to clopidogrel, two occurred in patients with suboptimal response to ticagrelor, and one occurred in a patient with optimal response to ticagrelor.CONCLUSIONSOral ticagrelor can augment platelet inhibition in patients who have clopidogrel resistance.
Self‐reported factors associated with dental care utilization among Hispanic migrant farmworkers in South Florida
Authors: Serna Claudia A. , Sanchez Jesus , Arevalo Oscar , Tomar Scott L. , McCoy Virginia , Devieux Jessy , De La Rosa Mario , Bastida Elena 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo explore patterns of dental care utilization among adult Hispanic migrant farmworkers utilizing the Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services.MethodsIn 2010, 278 Hispanic migrant workers participated in the oral health assessment. Hierarchical logistic regression modeling was used to assess the effects of multiple factors on having a past‐year dental visit. Predisposing variables included age, education, and knowledge toward preventing tooth decay. Enabling factors included medical insurance, place for medical care, and social support. Need measures included oral health problems and treatment.ResultsOnly 20.5 percent of Hispanic migrant farmworkers reported a past‐year dental visit. More than one‐half (52.5 percent) needed oral health treatment and nearly two‐thirds (61.2 percent) stated that they perceived their mouth to be in poor condition. The final model indicated that those who reported preventing tooth decay by brushing and flossing, brushed their teeth once a day, and stated a good condition of their mouth were more likely to have had a past‐year dental visit.ConclusionsMost Hispanic migrant farmworkers in south Florida have not had a past year dental visit. Similar to other ethnic minorities in the United States, migrant farmworkers experience poor oral health outcomes and have inadequate access to health‐care services.
Severe acute exacerbation of HCV infection in cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy without antiviral prophylaxis
Authors: Li Yuan‐Rung , Chen Wen‐Chi , Tsai Wei‐Lun , Cheng Jin‐Shiung , Tsay Feng‐Woei , Kao Sung‐Shuo , Chen Hui‐Chun , Hsu Ping‐I 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNo guidelines have been developed for the management of HCV‐infected cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. The current study aimed to investigate the incidence of severe acute exacerbation of HCV infection in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and to search for risk factors predicting severe acute exacerbation of HCV infection. This retrospective cohort study reviewed the clinical data of the cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in our institute from August 2012 to December 2017. Incidences of severe acute exacerbation of HCV infection in different kinds of cancers were assessed, and risk factors were analysed. Cancer patients with HCV infection (n = 306) had a higher frequency of severe acute liver injury (2.3% vs 0.7%; P = .003) than those without HCV infection (n = 4419). The incidence of severe acute exacerbation in HCV‐infected haematological cancer patients was higher than that in those with HCC and non‐HCC solid tumours (9.4% vs 1.9% and 1.1%). Rituximab‐containing chemotherapy and haematological malignancy were the risk factors related to the acute exacerbation (P < .001 and P = .004, respectively). None of the patients with severe acute HCV flares developed hepatic decompensation or mortality. However, 57.1% of them discontinued chemotherapy due to liver dysfunction. In conclusion, HCV infection increases the risk of acute severe liver injury in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Rituximab‐containing chemotherapy and haematological malignancy are the risk factors related to severe acute exacerbation of HCV infection in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Pre‐chemotherapy HCV testing is therefore mandatory before rituximab‐containing chemotherapy for the treatment of haematological malignancy.
The role of hepatitis C virus genotypes and core mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma in Cameroon
Authors: Amougou‐Atsama Marie , Jean Adrien Atangana Paul , Noah Noah Dominique , Fewou Moundipa Paul , Pineau Pascal , Njouom Richard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is known to be an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Cameroon. However, the effect of HCV‐related factors on HCC development still remains unknown in the Central Africa. In this study, we investigated the role of HCV genotypes and core mutations in HCC development in Cameroonian patients.MethodsA case‐control study was conducted using patients with HCV‐related HCC and matched controls individuals with chronic HCV infection but without HCC. HCV genotypes and mutations were determined using a hemi‐nested amplification and sequencing analysis focus on the core and NS5B HCV regions.ResultsWe identify HCV genotype 1, 2 and 4 in both groups. Interestingly, genotype 4 was significantly more prevalent in HCC patients (53.3%). Overall, distribution of genotypes was very different between cases and controls (P = 4.2 E‐7). The risk factors analysis showed that infection with HCV‐4 is strongly associated with HCC development with odd ratio, 95% confidence interval and p‐values of 7.4 (95% CI: 2.08‐26.6; P = .001). Furthermore, the risk of developing HCC increased even more significantly in case of infection with HCV subtype 4f with the odd ratio of 20.8 (95% CI, 4.1‐66.8; P < .001). Mutations K10R, T72E, K74R and G77A were significantly more frequent in patients with HCC. Remarkably, HCV‐4f isolates from HCC patients carried significantly more mutations when compared to controls with HCV‐4f or others genotypes (P = .0001).ConclusionsOur results indicate that patients infected with HCV‐4f or with selected variants affecting HCV core gene are at increased risk to develop HCC.