bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between weight misperception, contextual factors, and weight loss behaviours in young adult men with overweight/obesity
Authors: Pool Andrew C. , Coffman Donna L. , Sarwer David B. , LaRose Jessica G. , Hart Chantelle N. 
Published: November 2019

SummaryObjectiveYoung men are less likely to engage in weight loss behaviours than their female counterparts. This may be because of an increased likelihood for young men, particularly young black men, with overweight/obesity to misperceive their weight status. This study examined racial differences in weight status perception accuracy and associations between this perception and weight loss behaviours among young men. Associations between weight loss behaviours and contextual factors were also explored.MethodsData from 1417 young adult (YA) men with overweight/obesity from the 2007 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analysed. Associations between weight status perception accuracy, contextual factors, and weight loss attempts and behaviours were examined with logistic regression.ResultsYA men with overweight/obesity were more likely to report weight loss attempts and behaviours if they perceived themselves as being overweight (OR = 3.10; 95% CI, 2.18‐4.41; P < .01; OR = 3.20, 95% CI, 2.16‐4.72, P < .01, respectively). Greater education and income were associated with a greater likelihood of reporting weight loss attempts and healthy weight loss behaviours. Greater reported depressive symptoms were associated with reported weight loss attempts but not healthy weight loss behaviours. There were no differences by race for reported weight loss attempts or behaviours.ConclusionAmong YA men with overweight/obesity, perceiving oneself as overweight was associated with reporting weight loss attempts and healthy weight loss behaviours. Future research should consider how weight status perception accuracy affects weight loss attempts among YA men and what additional factors may account for racial differences.
A feasible and acceptable multicultural psychosocial intervention targeting symptom management in the context of advanced breast cancer
Authors: Teo Irene , Vilardaga Jennifer Plumb , Tan Yee Pin , Winger Joseph , Cheung Yin Bun , Yang Grace Meijuan , Finkelstein Eric A. , Shelby Rebecca A. , Kamal Arif H. , Kimmick Gretchen , Somers Tamara J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveAdvanced breast cancer patients around the world experience high symptom burden (ie, distress, pain, and fatigue) and are in need of psychosocial interventions that target symptom management. This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and engagement of a psychosocial intervention that uses cognitive‐behavioral strategies along with mindfulness and values‐based activity to enhance patients' ability to manage symptoms of advanced disease in a cross‐cultural setting (United States and Singapore). Pre‐treatment to post‐treatment outcomes for distress, pain, and fatigue were compared between intervention recipients and waitlisted controls.MethodsA pilot randomized controlled trial included women with advanced breast cancer (N = 85) that were recruited in the United States and Singapore. Participants either received the four session intervention or be put on waitlist. Descriptive statistics and effect size of symptom change were calculated.ResultsThe psychosocial intervention was found to be feasible as indicated through successful trial accrual, low study attrition (15% ), and high intervention adherence (77% completed all sessions). Acceptability (ie, program satisfaction and cultural sensitivity) and engagement to the study intervention (ie, practice of skills taught) were also high. Anxiety, depression, and fatigue scores remained stable or improved among intervention participants while the same symptoms worsened in the control group. In general, effect sizes are larger in the US sample compared with the Singapore sample.ConclusionsThe cognitive‐behavioral, mindfulness, and values‐based intervention is feasible, acceptable, and engaging for advanced breast cancer patients in a cross‐cultural setting and has potential for efficacy. Further larger‐scaled study of intervention efficacy is warranted.
Do Enhanced Funding Policies Targeting Students in Poverty Close Achievement Gaps? Evidence from the American States, 1996–2015
Authors: Thorson Gregory R. , Gearhart Sera M. 
Published: November 2019

Public concern stemming from the wide disparities in academic achievement based on student poverty status extends back at least to the issuing of the Coleman Report in 1966. The Coleman Report found large and persistent achievement gaps between economic and racial subgroups, yet, perhaps surprisingly, did not find large gaps in funding. The achievement gaps identified in the Coleman Report persist today. Since the NCES began tracking poverty gaps with the National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP) in the 1990s, the disparities in achievement based on poverty have been large and statistically significant. In response, many states began enacting school funding mechanisms to direct additional resources to high‐poverty schools. Currently, 41 states have employed funding enhancements for poor students (EdBuild, 2018). Are these mechanisms effective at reducing the disparity in achievement for poor versus non‐poor students? Using data from the Urban Institute (2017), we find that states that have directed additional resources towards poor students effectively reduced the disparity between poor and non‐poor students in NAEP fourth‐ and eighth‐grade math and reading exams. Whereas the results are large and statistically significant, the costs associated with fully eliminating the disparity between poor and non‐poor students are very high.
Identifying tree roots in the caves of Quintana Roo, Mexico as a step toward ecological insights and improved conservation
Authors: Adams Rachel E. , Iliffe Thomas M. , West Jason B. 
Published: November 2019

Societal Impact StatementCaves in Quintana Roo, Mexico are known for spectacular calcite formations, blue water, and their significance in Mayan culture. A fascinating feature of these caves is the tree roots that emerge from ceilings, walls, and floors. Little is known about these incredible natural structures which form a key part of the ecosystem, linking to the forests above. This work documents and identifies the species that use this deep rooting strategy as well as expands our understanding of the relationships between the surface and subterranean and the implications for the management and conservation of these natural structures and their resources.
Learning a functional grammar of protein domains using natural language word embedding techniques
Authors: Buchan Daniel W. A. , Jones David T. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this paper, using Word2vec, a widely‐used natural language processing method, we demonstrate that protein domains may have a learnable implicit semantic “meaning” in the context of their functional contributions to the multi‐domain proteins in which they are found. Word2vec is a group of models which can be used to produce semantically meaningful embeddings of words or tokens in a fixed‐dimension vector space. In this work, we treat multi‐domain proteins as “sentences” where domain identifiers are tokens which may be considered as “words.” Using all InterPro (Finn et al. 2017) pfam domain assignments we observe that the embedding could be used to suggest putative GO assignments for Pfam (Finn et al. 2016) domains of unknown function.
Comparison of data acquisition modes with Orbitrap high‐resolution mass spectrometry for targeted and non‐targeted residue screening in aquacultured eel
Authors: Wu I‐Lin , Turnipseed Sherri B. , Storey Joseph M. , Andersen Wendy C. , Madson Mark R. 
Published: November 2019

RationaleA current trend in monitoring chemical contaminants in animal products is to use high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). In this study, several HRMS data acquistion modes using Orbitrap MS for simultaneous full‐scan MS in combination with MS2 analysis were evaulated for their effectiveness in detecting and identifying both targeted and non‐targeted veterinary drug residues in aquacultured eel samples.MethodsSample preparation consisted of an acidic acetonitrile extraction with solid‐phase extraction cleanup for analysis using LC/HRMS. Different data acquisition methods, including full‐scan MS with non‐targeted all ion fragmentation (AIF), multiplexed or variable data‐independent analysis (mDIA or vDIA), targeted data‐dependent MS2 (DDMS2), and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) acquisition, were explored. The methods were evaluated with fortified eel tissue and imported eel samples to determine how many analytes could be detected and identified.ResultsFor non‐targeted data acquisition, the number of analytes detected using DIA methods matched the results obtained by AIF, but the resulting product ion scans were more diagnostic because characteristic ions were predominant in the DIA MS2 spectra. In targeted analysis for a limited list of 68 compounds, full‐scan MS followed by PRM was advantageous compared with DDMS2 because high‐quality MS2 spectra were generated for almost all the analytes at target testing levels.ConclusionsFor residue screening, AIF has fast MS1 scan speed with adequate detection of product ions but may lead to false positive findings. DIA methods are better suited to monitor for both targeted and non‐targeted compounds because they generate more characteristic MS2 spectra for retrospective library searching. For follow‐up targeted analysis, PRM is prefered over DDMS2 when searching for a limited set of compounds.
A novel augmented reality to visualize the hidden organs and internal structure in surgeries
Authors: Singh P. , Alsadoon Abeer , Prasad P.W.C. , Venkata Haritha Sallepalli , Ali Rasha S. , Haddad Sami , Alrubaie Ahmad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAugmented reality (AR) is still a primarily theoretical concept in areas such as bowel, liver, gallbladder, and jaw surgeries because of the limitation of visualization accuracy of hidden organs and internal structures. This paper aims to improve the cutting accuracy, visualizing accuracy, and processing time of the augmented video.MethodologyThe proposed system consists of an enhanced block‐matching algorithm (BMA) with ghosting map technique.ResultsResults proved that proposed system reduced the visualization error, which ranges from 1.48 to 1.83 mm against the existing system visualization error 1.67 to 2.0. Similarly, the processing time also improved 59 to 72 ms/frame over the 50 to 58 ms/frame.ConclusionThis study showed the improvement and solved the problem soft tissue reconstruction and visualization on the AR video that used in bowel and gallbladder surgeries.
Direct detections of Majorana dark matter in vector portal
Authors: Chao Wei 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper we investigate the direct detections of Majorana dark matter (MDM) in vector portal. Considering that the tree-level scattering cross sections in these models are either dark matter velocity suppressed or spin-dependent, we calculate radiative corrections to the spin-independent cross section in effective field theory approach. Wilson coefficients of effective MDM-quark interactions are calculated at the one-loop level, and the Wilson coefficient of the effective MDM-gluon interaction is derived at the two-loop level. Numerical results show that current constraints can rule out a narrow mass range of MDM when tree-level contributions are considered, and the spin-independent cross section from radiative corrections is a few orders of magnitude smaller than the tree-level contributions.
On systematic and GR effects on muon g − 2 experiments
Authors: Notari Alessio , Bertacca Daniele 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We derive in full generality the equations that govern the time dependence of the energy ℰ of the decay electrons in a muon g − 2 experiment. We include both electromagnetic and gravitational effects and we estimate possible systematics on the measurements of a ≡ (g − 2)/2, whose experimental uncertainty will soon reach ∆a/a ≈ 10−7. In addition to the standard modulation of ℰ when the motion is orthogonal to a constant magnetic field B, with angular frequency ωa = ea|B|/m, we study effects due to: (1) a non constant muon γ factor, in presence of electric fields E, (2) a correction due to a component of the muon velocity along B (the “pitch correction”), (3) corrections to the precession rate due to E fields, (4) non-trivial spacetime metrics. Oscillations along the radial and vertical directions of the muon lead to oscillations in ℰ with a relative size of order 10−6, for the BNL g − 2 experiment. We then find a subleading effect in the “pitch” correction, leading to a frequency shift of ∆ωa/ωa≈$$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10−9) and subleading effects of about ∆ωa/ωa≈ few ×$$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10−8–10−9) due to E fields. Finally we show that GR effects are dominated by the Coriolis force, due to the Earth rotation with angular frequency ωT, leading to a correction of about ∆ωa/ωa≈ ωT/(γωa) ≈$$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(10−12). A similar correction might be more appreciable for future electron g − 2 experiments, being of order ∆ωa/ωa,el≈ ωT/(ωa,el) ≈ 7 × 10−13, compared to the present experimental uncertainty, ∆ael/ael≈ 10−10, and forecasted to reach soon ∆ael/ael≈ 10−11.
HO-1 drives autophagy as a mechanism of resistance against HER2-targeted therapies
Authors: Tracey Natasha , Creedon Helen , Kemp Alain J. , Culley Jayne , Muir Morwenna , Klinowska Teresa , Brunton Valerie G. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Targeted therapies have resulted in major advances in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancers. Despite this, up to 70% of patients will develop resistance to treatment within 2 years and new strategies for targeting resistant disease are needed.

Methods
To identify potential resistance mechanisms, we used the mouse MMTV-NIC-PTEN+/− spontaneous model of HER2-positive breast cancer and the pan-HER family kinase inhibitor sapatinib. Vehicle and sapatinib-treated tumors were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and proteomic analysis. In vitro studies were carried out to define the role of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and autophagy in resistance to sapatinib and lapatinib, another pan-HER family kinase inhibitor.

Results
Treatment of tumor-bearing MMTV-NIC-PTEN+/− mice with sapatinib resulted in delayed tumor progression and increased survival. However, tumors eventually progressed on treatment. Proteomic analysis identified proteins associated with cellular iron homeostasis as being upregulated in the sapatinib-treated tumors. This included HO-1 whose overexpression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Overexpression of HO-1 in HER2-expressing SKBR3 breast cancer cells resulted in reduced sensitivity to both pan-HER family kinase inhibitors sapatinib and lapatinib. This was associated with increased autophagy in the HO-1 over-expressing cells. Furthermore, increased autophagy was also seen in the sapatinib-treated tumors. Treatment with autophagy inhibitors was able to increase the sensitivity of the HO-1 over-expressing cells to both lapatinib and sapatinib.

Conclusion
Together these data indicate a role for HO-1-induced autophagy in resistance to pan-HER family kinase inhibitors.
What are Implicit Definitions?
Authors: Giovannini Eduardo N. , Schiemer Georg 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe paper surveys different notions of implicit definition. In particular, we offer an examination of a kind of definition commonly used in formal axiomatics, which in general terms is understood as providing a definition of the primitive terminology of an axiomatic theory. We argue that such “structural definitions” can be semantically understood in two different ways, namely (1) as specifications of themeaningof the primitive terms of a theory and (2) as definitions of higher-order mathematical concepts orstructures. We analyze these two conceptions of structural definition both in the history of modern axiomatics and in contemporary philosophical debates. Based on that, we give a systematic assessment of the underlying semantics of these two ways of understanding thedefiniensof such definitions, by considering alternative model-theoretic and inferential accounts of meaning.
Health Care Investment: The Case of Multiple Sources of Risk
Authors: Jokung Octave , Mitra Sovan 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This paper analyses the effect of a bivariate risk on the optimal expenses in health care and gives conditions under which any change in the bivariate risk with respect to the $$\left( {s_{1} ,s_{2} } \right) -$$s1,s2-increasing concave order decreases the expenses in health care. Increasing risk increases the demand for health care for risk-averse and prudent individuals in the multivariate sense. Positive (negative) dependence increases (decreases) expenses in health care. Increasing the correlation produces the same results. Furthermore, the uncertainty surrounding the effectiveness of medical treatments amplifies the effect of any change in wealth and health risks. We also present some policy implications.
Faces in the Wilderness: a New Network of Crossdated Culturally-Modified Red Pine in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness of Northern Minnesota, USA
Authors: Larson Evan R. , Johnson Lane B. , Wilding Thomas C. , Hildebrandt Kalina M. , Kipfmueller Kurt F. , Johnson Lee R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
New dates from culturally modified red pine rediscovered in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness in northern Minnesota provide an opportunity to merge tree-ring records of human land use with archaeological records, historical travel accounts, and traditional knowledge to enhance understanding of Anishinaabeg land tenure in the Wilderness. Records from 244 culturally modified trees (CMTs) demonstrate varying intensities of human use along historical water routes, notably the Border Route that connected Grand Portage to Rainy Lake and Lake of the Woods during the North American fur trade. Crossdated modification years from 119 CMTs provide direct evidence of human-landscape interaction along historical travel routes utilized by Anishinaabeg and Euro-American traders from the mid-1700s to the early 1900s. This CMT network preserves a fading biological record of fur-trade-era cultural history that contributes to a growing cross-cultural conversation on the storied traditional use of a cultural landscape that is now the most visited federal wilderness area in the United States.
How common is germinal mosaicism that leads to premeiotic aneuploidy in the female?
Authors: Delhanty Joy DA , SenGupta Sioban B , Ghevaria Harita 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Molecular cytogenetic analysis has confirmed that a proportion of apparently meiotic aneuploidy may be present in the germ cells prior to the onset of meiosis, but there is no clear perception of its frequency. The aim of this review is to assess the evidence for premeiotic aneuploidy from a variety of sources to arrive at an estimate of its overall contribution to oocyte aneuploidy in humans.

Methods
Relevant scientific literature was covered from 1985 to 2018 by searching PubMed databases with search terms: gonadal/germinal mosaicism, ovarian mosaicism, premeiotic aneuploidy, meiosis and trisomy 21. Additionally, a key reference from 1966 was included.

Results
Data from over 9000 cases of Down syndrome showed a bimodal maternal age distribution curve, indicating two overlapping distributions. One of these matched the pattern for the control population, with a peak at about 28 years and included all cases that had occurred independently of maternal age, including those due to germinal mosaicism, about 40% of the cohort. The first cytological proof of germinal mosaicism was obtained by fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis. Comparative genomic hybridisation analysis of oocyte chromosomes suggests an incidence of up to 15% in premeiotic oocytes. Direct investigation of fetal ovarian cells led to variable results for chromosome 21 mosaicism.

Conclusions
Oocytes with premeiotic errors will significantly contribute to the high level of preimplantation and prenatal death. Data so far available suggests that, depending upon the maternal age, up to 40% of aneuploidy that is present in oocytes at the end of meiosis I may be due to germinal mosaicism.
Gender (in)equality within the household and business start-up among mothers
Authors: Naldi Lucia , Baù Massimo , Ahl Helene , Markowska Magdalena 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUsing data on all businesses started by mothers of young children in Sweden between 2000 and 2014, we explore which factors are associated with entrepreneurship among mothers. We find that being unemployed or being an immigrant is positively associated with business start-up by mothers; however, our findings show that what matters more is the paternity leave taken by the mothers’ partners. These findings suggest that in institutional contexts such as Sweden, gender inequality is not a persistent feature of most households and that women can make career choices by negotiating with their partners who will make use of the parental benefits offered by the government.
Experimental Measurement of Frequency-Dependent Permeability and Streaming Potential of Sandstones
Authors: Glover P. W. J. , Peng R. , Lorinczi P. , Di B. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Hydraulic flow, electrical flow and the passage of elastic waves through porous media are all linked by electrokinetic processes. In its simplest form, the passage of elastic waves through the porous medium causes fluid to flow through that medium and that flow gives rise to an electrical streaming potential and electrical counter-current. These processes are frequency-dependent and governed by coupling coefficients which are themselves frequency-dependent. The link between fluid pressure and fluid flow is described by dynamic permeability, which is characterised by the hydraulic coupling coefficient (Chp). The link between fluid pressure and electrical streaming potential is characterised by the streaming potential coefficient (Csp). While the steady-state values of such coefficients are well studied and understood, their frequency dependence is not. Previous work has been confined to unconsolidated and disaggregated materials such as sands, gravels and soils. In this work, we present an apparatus for measuring the hydraulic and streaming potential coefficients of high porosity, high permeability consolidated porous media as a function of frequency. The apparatus operates in the range 1 Hz to 2 kHz with a sample of 10 mm diameter and 5–30 mm in length. The full design and validation of the apparatus are described together with the experimental protocol it uses. Initial data are presented for three samples of Boise sandstone, which present as dispersive media with the critical transition frequency of 918.3 ± 99.4 Hz. The in-phase and in-quadrature components of the measured hydraulic and streaming potential coefficients have been compared to the Debye-type dispersion model as well as theoretical models based on bundles of capillary tubes and porous media. Initial results indicate that the dynamic permeability data present an extremely good fit to the capillary bundle and Debye-type dispersion models, while the streaming potential coefficient presents an extremely good fit to all of the models up to the critical transition frequency, but diverges at higher frequencies. The streaming potential coefficient data are best fitted by the Pride model and its Walker and Glover simplification. Characteristic pore size values calculated from the measured critical transition frequency fell within 1.73% of independent measures of this parameter, while the values calculated directly from the Packard model showed an underestimation by about 12%.