bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1.B. Workshop: Front-of-pack nutrition labelling: recent progress and remaining challenges
Authors:   Organised by: WFPHA Front-of-pack labelling working group,   Chair persons: Tim Dorlach - Germany
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Front-of-pack nutrition labelling (FOPNL) is increasingly viewed as a central policy instrument in the fight against unhealthy diets, obesity, and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), both for its direct effects on consumer behavior and for its potential to guide other effective nutrition policies (e.g. marketing restrictions, excise taxes). Major FOPNL schemes include the traffic-light system pioneered in the United Kingdom, warning labels as first introduced in Chile, the Australian Health Star Rating, and the Nutri-Score scheme developed in France. Countries that have already introduced mandatory FOPNL schemes include Chile, Israel, Peru, and Sri Lanka. Meanwhile, strong opposition from the food and beverage industry has prevented significant progress on FOPNL in many other countries. National developments have motivated several international initiatives. In 2019, the Codex Alimentarius Committee on Food Labelling began to formally negotiate guidelines for the development of FOPNL. Meanwhile, France and Australia have begun to convene a UN-supported Global Action Network on Nutrition Labelling. Understanding these national and international developments has become essential for effective public health advocacy in the field of FOPNL. The presentations in this workshop will therefore review recent key developments and identify major challenges to introducing effective FOPNL. The workshop will feature four presentations followed by an open discussion and exchange. Alexandra Jones will analyze key components of 31 existing FOPNL regulations and outline relevant best practice guidance. Tim Dorlach will explain why FOP warning labels first emerged in Chile and have subsequently diffused throughout Latin America. Chantal Julia will review the development of the Nutri-Score scheme in France and its adoption in other European countries. Anne Marie Thow will discuss how trade agreements and international standards can influence and potentially limit FOPNL schemes.

Key messages
Front-of-pack nutrition labelling (FOPNL) is a central policy instrument in the fight against unhealthy diets, obesity, and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Understanding recent national and international FOPNL developments is essential for effective public health advocacy for FOPNL and related interventions.
Climate change: past and projected threats to food and water security = public health emergency
Authors: Hanna L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Dr Liz Hanna chairs the Environmental Health Working Group of the WFPHA. For more than a decade she has researched climate change adaptation (CCA), focusing on exposure risks, physiological health impacts, health sector preparedness and policy responses to analyze current and future climate health threats. Working in Prof Tony McMichael's team at the Australian National University, she convened the National CCA Research Network, and served as President of the Climate and Health Alliance.
Human history is littered with examples of climatic interruptions to food and water supplies leading to disease and famine, conflict and migration. Dr Hanna sets the scene for this challenging workshop by outlining selected historical examples and describing the pathways of interconnectedness. Previously, climatic, health and social upheavals were geographically restricted. Yet the world now faces climatic change on a global scale never before it witnessed by humans. Liz outlines how this global disruption threatens our most important environmental determinants of health.
Evidence of global warming acceleration is presented and linked with disruptions to vital ecosystems and interruptions to food and water resources. Dr Hanna then leads participants on a journey to the future by applying IPCC projections to demonstrate the escalated potential for health harm from further intensified disturbances to the hydrological patterns, ocean warming, acidification and sea level rise, global heating and increased heat extremes as these impact water sources, crop yields, stock health and their survival, the marine food web and human acclimatisation limitations.
Throughout this presentation, Dr Hanna weaves the interconnectedness of healthy ecosystems and healthy people, and our global interconnectedness as we collectively share this beautiful but fragile planet.
A scorecard for local body election candidates in New Zealand
Authors: Stone P 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Local elections are held every 3 years in NZ for District Health Boards (DHB). The public has low capability to scrutinise candidates for their knowledge/experience in public health governance. As a result, there is low voting turn-out for elections. So, 3 PHA branches developed scorecards for 2019 candidates. Our aims addressed 3 problems: 1. How to raise public awareness about local DHB elections 2. How to engage voters and provide them with information about candidates from a public health perspective 3.Can we encourage candidates to discuss public health issues/ preventative measures publicly. We hoped to promote democracy by increasing informed voter turnout. Scorecards were based on candidates' responses to a survey with 3 dimensions: alignment with public health values; health sector governance experience; views on a specific public health issue (water fluoridation). Survey responses were scored by panels of branch members. Southern branch sent the survey to 28 DHB candidates across 2 DHBs, and 24 replied in time. Wellington branch sent it to 23 CCDHB candidates and 16 replied in time. Canterbury's response rate was just over 50%, 11 of 21 surveys were returned.
We produced scorecards for results in formats for printing and sharing online. We shared them on PHA's website, social media and featured them in the e-newsletter. Each branch launched them at local Meet the DHB Candidate events where hundreds of paper copies were distributed. There was good online interest in the scorecards: 3453 previews, 287 downloads for further printing/distribution. Many candidates committed, if elected, to policy solutions presented them at our events. There was significant increase (684 in Southern, 698 in Wellington, 2006 in Canterbury) in DHB voter turnout in 2019, compared to last election with no scorecards. Not all top-scoring candidates were subsequently elected onto respective DHBs, but for Wellington and Southland all elected had high scores.

Key messages
PHANZ plays a role in supporting NZ democracy by filling a gap in public information about election candidates, whether they are fit for purpose when scrutinised through the public health lens. Election Scorecard are effective for raising public awareness, providing scrutiny of the candidates from a public health perspective, encouraging candidates to consider public health issues.
RCT of Harti Hauora Tamariki: a holistic family-centred programme for child health and equity
Authors: Atatoa Carr P , Scott N , Jones A , Masters-Awatere B , Sandiford P , Clark H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
In Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ), paediatric admissions (& readmissions) with diseases of poverty are common & this preventable burden is more severe for Māori (Indigenous) tamariki (children) & their whānau (families). In response, the Harti Hauora Tamariki (HHT) programme was developed. This is family-centred multilevel programme that consists of: culturally safe engagement for whānau; comprehensive high-quality wellbeing screening; standardised evidence-based protocols for addressing identified need(s); & navigation for and with whānau into services & support.

Methods
In 2019, over 980 children (0-4 years) admitted to the acute paediatric ward at Waikato Hospital in Aotearoa NZ were randomised (with their whānau) to intervention (HHT) or usual clinical care. Measures of effectiveness include the level of unmet need identified; the impact of HHT on meeting those needs & achieving improved outcomes for tamariki; qualitative assessment of how HHT led to the outcomes; & whānau satisfaction with hospital care. The primary quantitative endpoint is relative readmission risk.

Results
Qualitative case studies demonstrate the importance of engagement with staff and services, and that the HHT programme can create a high trust environment where whānau feel safe to reveal their needs. Needs are common. Many needs identified that impact whānau wellbeing (such as food insecurity and lack or resources including carseats) are not recognised through standard hospital care. Quantitative primary and secondary outcome analyses are underway.

Conclusions
Enhanced health promotion and prevention measures are required to achieve health equity for children in Aotearoa NZ, and the whole of health system (including secondary hospital care) has the responsibility and ability to manage such measures. The HHT programme is whānau-centred, adaptable, evidence-based, and able to address the broader determinants of common paediatric illness as well as support wellbeing and whānau ora.

Key messages
A family-centred holistic screening programme, with culturally safe engagement, improves inpatient care and enhances the determinants of health. Indigenous leadership and commitment to Indigenous wellbeing and health equity facilitates effective evolution and programme improvement, within the framework of a randomised controlled trial.
The Portuguese alcohol industry: friend or foe of public health authorities?
Authors: Paixão M , Mialon M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The influence of the alcohol industry is considered one of the most important obstacles to the implementation of policies that aim to tighten alcohol control. However, to our knowledge, our research is the first one to document the influence of the alcohol industry in the country, despite a 6.8% prevalence of alcohol use disorders and alcohol not featuring in the current National Health plan.
We performed a qualitative thematic analysis of information available on websites and social media pages of trade associations, charities funded by the alcohol industry, government, universities and media material. This analysis was based on the “Policy Dystopia” framework, dividing the strategies we found as either instrumental (action-based) and discursive (argument-based).
Overall, out of the 198 written records, 56% were instrumental and 44% discursive. The alcohol industry's representatives are part of the executive commission of the national task force responsible for consulting on policies regarding alcohol. We also found evidence of extensive community involvement through cooperation with security forces, among others. Also, after a discussion by the Portuguese Parliament of a possible increase in taxation of alcoholic beverages, a trade association delivered a study it had ordered from a consultancy company refuting any increase.
Trade associations also claimed stricter control measures were not necessary in southern European countries, such as Portugal, and they were only appropriate for countries with more harmful drinking patterns. When referring to health risks causes by alcohol consumption, the association with breast cancer was only found once with misleading language describing it as “chest cancer”.
This research has shown several tactics employed by the alcohol industry in Portugal and, as such, helped counteract some arguments used by the industry. This can enable the implementation of more effective control policies.

Key messages
Public health authorities should document the industry’s tactics in order to implement effective control policies regarding alcohol and other substances. There is a need for audits of health information made public by the alcohol industry.
Knowledge transfer by digital media: how professional practices in health promotion are impacted?
Authors: Cros L , Dodet J F , Millot I , Sizaret A , Sandon A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This abstract aims to present a research carried out on a project which organizes knowledge transfer based on digital media in order to promote health of young people. One of the two websites created as part of this project is dedicated exclusively to professionals. They find in it reliable information on different topics. Since then, we may wonder how digital media promote knowledge transfer? And what are the consequences on professional practices?
The study conducted between October 2019 and January 2020 uses quantitative and qualitative methods. Professionals were asked about the way in which they mobilized online content in the implementation of actions in promoting young people's health. Participants all work with children or teenagers and represent different professional groups: school nurses, social workers, workers in childcare facilities, teachers etc.
One of the major findings of this study is to account for the knowledge transfer that exists through digital media. Websites facilitate professional's access to content that increase their capacity to act in health promotion. For example, they are developing a more participatory approach (workshops, educational games or debates). However, the evolution of professional practices implies at the same time an appropriation of the information provided by websites. Knowledge transfer can't be based only on digital media.
In matter of fact, a major resource for knowledge transfer is related to the partnership dynamic driven at the local level. Exchanges of practices organized in real life allow professional to meet and share effective intervention strategies. There is a tangible complementarity between digital media and partnership network in terms of knowledge transfer. Finally, the presentation will search to better understand the role of digital media in public health. The uses in context told by professionals will invite to highlight the innovative character ok knowledge transfer associated with digital media.

Key messages
This abstract focuses on knowledge transfer in the age of digital media. What innovations can be identified in professional health promotion practices for young people? The aim of this abstract is to discuss how the knowledge transfer based on digital media is organized and the consequences on professional practices: what are the impacts?
Public health evidence for the UK’s Third Climate Change Risk Assessment
Authors: Kovats S , Brisley R , Watkiss P , Turner G 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
The UK has a statutory requirement under the Climate Change Act (2008) to undertake a Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA) every five years. The Evidence Report for the Third CCRA, due 2021, will identify the most important current and future risks and opportunities to public health from climate change. It also considers whether present and planned adaptation strategies to are sufficient to manage the risks or additional action is required.

Methods
The analysis underpinning this review assesses whether risks and actions improve or exacerbate adverse health outcomes and inequalities. This paper reports on the CCRA3 evidence review, which considers the current and likely future impacts of changing flood risk, heatwaves, coastal change, air pollution, vector-borne disease and water quality on public health and healthcare delivery. All risks are assessed by their magnitude, as well as scored by urgency to address them.

Results
This paper presents the findings for two risks - from heat and coastal flooding impacts on population health and communities. A key focus has been to explore how climate change and policy responses affect the health of vulnerable groups and who could be further disadvantaged by inappropriate adaptation policies. This includes new analysis of the climate risks to health within the built environment and within the health and social care sector. The long-term health consequences of climate change have been considered through potential policy, building and environmental “lock-in”. Such lock-ins include potential risks to inhabitants from overheating due to building regulations failing to address increasing ambient temperatures or homes being built on flood plains.

Conclusions
Climate change presents challenges to deliver national policy responses ensuring that adaptation remains equitable and optimal for health. The CCRA3 Evidence Report will inform the third UK National Adaptation Plan, setting out Government actions for 2023-2028.

Key messages
Assess current and future risks and opportunities to public health from climate change. Assess present and planned adaptation strategies for management of risks.
A kiss or a handshake?! Overview for a deep approach
Authors: Paixao S , Oliveira J , Osório N , Figueiredo J P , Ferreira A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The way we greet each other is often a source of controversy when it comes to microorganisms transmitted. The goal of this research is to give us a comparison of the quantity and type of microorganisms transmitted between a handshake and kisses on the face, first verifying which of these forms transmits more microbiological beings, and subsequently compare the results with the answers given to a questionnaire on hand and face hygiene. With a sample of 23 Portuguese people, without any skin pathology, the sampling type was probabilistic and the sampling technique was simple random. The technique used was through contact plates, containing an enriched medium (TSA), for each individual, a sample was collected by each route - face and hands. First, the microorganisms present in each pathway were counted, and then identified. The average in the face is 75.2 CFU, while in the hands it is 53.9 CFU, thus there is a significant difference between the two. A questionnaire was also used with questions related to hand and face washing. Regarding the count of CFU's on the plates, there was a higher number of microorganisms in the plates used in the face than in the hand. There is a difference between the amount of microorganisms present in the face and palm of the hands, and the first one has a higher score. This difference can be justified by the fact that we wash our hands more often throughout the day relative to the face. Regarding the type of microorganisms found, the vast majority were Staphylococcus spp and Micrococcus. In some of the plaques were present yeast and fungi, and, in smaller quantity, bacilli. To change these values, a good dissemination of information concerning the proliferation of bacteria, viruses and fungi is essential, as well as the dangers they represent. It is important to be aware of the importance of good hygiene of the skin, as a form of protection itself, but also collective, thus contributing to better public health.

Key messages
Need for good hand and face hygiene. Imperative to conduct more and deep studies about this issue.
Operationalization of the One Health approach in two rural municipalities of Niger
Authors: Ben Abdelahfidh L , Rojas Lopez F , Djibo Mazou B , Miller M , Meissner L , Roland M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Despite multiple efforts made by its government to improve public health, Niger still regularly faces numerous disasters including epidemics. Between 2017 and 2019, a consortium was established between Doctors of the World and Veterinarians Without Borders to implement a “One Health” project. This approach aims to reduce the populations' vulnerabilities to health risks related to environmental disasters and improve the health system's resilience at several levels. By promoting interdisciplinary between human, veterinary and environmental health issues, it aims to tackle emerging diseases with pandemic risk. The project was implemented in 2 municipalities: Sakoira and Ingall. For the first time, a program focused on preventing health and environmental risks rather than responding to a crisis.
An external evaluation based on 278 interviews identified 5 project's achievements: (1) the increase in availability and accessibility of human and veterinary pharmaceutical products which improved vaccination coverage and medicalization while lowering treatment and prevention costs; (2) the mobilization and coordination of human and animal health professionals, national authorities and municipalities; (3) the strengthening of joint epidemiological surveillance through professional and community actors in order to reduce the response time to epidemics and disasters; (4) the strengthening of communities' understanding of health risks and how to prevent them; (5) the capacity building of professionals regarding the One Health approach at national, regional and local level.
Coordination between human and animal health professionals has made possible the design and implementation of joint actions. These actions have enabled to: build capacity for 43 health providers, 116 community health workers and 41 livestock auxiliaries, vaccinate, de-worm and treat 24311 small and 7590 large ruminants, give primary health care to 4190 people, sensitize 2268 people on human and animal health.

Key messages
The project is innovative as it focuses on preventing epidemic risks instead of responding to crisis. Collaboration between human and animal health actors is the main success factor of the project.
Greenness and physical activity as possible oxidative stress modulators in children
Authors: Squillacioti G , Carsin A E , Borgogno-Mondino E , Bono R , Garcia Aymerich J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Green spaces (greenness) have been reported as beneficial to health, mainly mitigating air pollution, hot spots, noise and promoting socialisation, biodiversity and physical activity (PA). This study aims to examine the association between greenness and oxidative stress (OS) in children and to evaluate interaction with PA.

Methods
The cross-sectional study involved 323 subjects (9-11 yrs.) from five schools in Asti (Italy). Parents completed a questionnaire providing home-address, parental education, and PA of children. Urinary samples were collected to measure OS by isoprostane (15-F2t-IsoP). Time-weighted exposure to greenness was calculated from satellite images (Sentinel2 L2A) by Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), within buffers around participants' homes and schools, accounting for the individual multi-site exposure during the day.

Results
Overall 323 subjects were included in the analyses, 50% females. An inverse correlation was found between greenness and OS (Pearson -0.162, p = 0.003). A generalised linear mixed model, age-adjusted with schools as random effect, tested the association between greenness and log-transformed(15-F2t-IsoP), reporting decreased OS levels for each unit of increase in greenness (β: -0.50, 95%CI-0.98 to -0.02, p = 0.041). After adding PA in the model, greenness was no longer significant (β: -0.42, 95%C.I.-0.90 to 0.07, p = 0.092), but children reporting low-PA and high-PA showed the highest increase in OS (β: +0.19, 95%CI 0.04 to 0.43, p = 0.02; β: +0.25, 95%CI 0.04 to 0.46, p = 0.018) compared to those with moderate-PA.

Conclusions
Greenness positively impacts health by reducing OS in children. Our findings suggest that PA is partly mediating this association. Noticeably, this is the first study assessing a multi-site greenness exposure and its association with OS accounting for PA in children. The management of urban greenness should be included as preventive Public Health intervention for health and well-being promotion.

Key messages
Greenness exposure may benefit health by reducing oxidative stress in children. The association between greenness and oxidative stress seems partly mediated by physical activity.