bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A two element MIMO antenna for sub‐6 GHz and mmWave 5G systems using characteristics mode analysis
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Khanna Rajesh 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this article, a two‐element multiband multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) antenna for 5G communication devices is presented. Characteristics mode analysis is used to develop the proposed antenna. The planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) structure is used as an antenna element operating at 3.5, 4.3, 28, and 35 GHz bands. The shape of the PIFA is L‐shaped patch with an L slot placed which is positioned above the ground plane at 4 mm height. The proposed antenna covers more than 400 MHz bandwidth at 3.5, 4.3 GHz bands, and wideband coverage of more than 12 GHz covering many millimeter Wave (mmWave) bands between 24 and 38 GHz. The use of complementary metamaterial unit cell resulted in a minimum of 21 dB isolation in 3.5 GHz band and a minimum of 24 dB in mmWave bands. The simulated and measured results are presented for the proposed MIMO antenna system, which is in good agreement with each other.
Design of multioctave power amplifier using multi‐harmonic bilateral pull technique
Authors: Xuan Xuefei , Wang Yang , Zhao Ziming , Liu Guohua , Cheng Zhiqun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this letter, the design, implementation and measurements of a multioctave bandwidth high‐efficiency GaN HEMT power amplifier (PA) based on a novel systematic design methodology are presented. To achieve bandwidth expansion while maintaining a high level of efficiency, the multi‐harmonic bilateral pull technique has been employed to acquire the optimum fundamental and second harmonic impedance regions. Especially, the impedance region of the second harmonic is analyzed to conclude that the second harmonic impedance can be expanded to a resistive‐reactive with complex load impedances. Therefore, multioctave bandwidth can be achieved by combining low‐pass lumped circuit (LC) matching network. For experimental verification, the wideband PA is achieved with a 10‐W GaN device. The measurement results manifest that the implemented PA has a drain efficiency (DE) of 54% to 71% and a saturated output power of 38.2 to 42.3 dBm for the entire intended frequency range between 0.5 to 3.1 GHz with a relative bandwidth of 144.4%, while providing a gain larger than 8.2 dB. Measurement results confirm the theoretical findings.
Simultaneous Multiple Resonance Frequency imaging (SMURF): Fat‐water imaging using multi‐band principles
Authors: Bachrata Beata , Strasser Bernhard , Bogner Wolfgang , Schmid Albrecht Ingo , Korinek Radim , Krššák Martin , Trattnig Siegfried , Robinson Simon Daniel 
Published: September 2020

PurposeTo develop a fat‐water imaging method that allows reliable separation of the two tissues, uses established robust reconstruction methods, and requires only one single‐echo acquisition.Theory and MethodsThe proposed method uses spectrally selective dual‐band excitation in combination with CAIPIRINHA to generate separate images of fat and water simultaneously. Spatially selective excitation without cross‐contamination is made possible by the use of spatial‐spectral pulses. Fat and water images can either be visualized separately, or the fat images can be corrected for chemical shift displacement and, in gradient echo imaging, for chemical shift‐related phase discrepancy, and recombined with water images, generating fat‐water images free of chemical shift effects. Gradient echo and turbo spin echo sequences were developed based on this Simultaneous Multiple Resonance Frequency imaging (SMURF) approach and their performance was assessed at 3Tesla in imaging of the knee, breasts, and abdomen.ResultsThe proposed method generated well‐separated fat and water images with minimal unaliasing artefacts or cross‐excitation, evidenced by the near absence of water signal attributed to the fat image and vice versa. The separation achieved was similar to or better than that using separate acquisitions with water‐ and fat‐saturation or Dixon methods. The recombined fat‐water images provided similar image contrast to conventional images, but the chemical shift effects were eliminated.ConclusionSimultaneous Multiple Resonance Frequency imaging is a robust fat‐water imaging technique that offers a solution to imaging of body regions with significant amounts of fat.
A systematic scoping review of patient health outcomes and perceptions following management of low back pain via care pathways in primary health care
Authors: Boyle Eileen M. , Fary Robyn E. , Kang Kwangil , Evans Kerrie , Rebbeck Trudy , Beales Darren J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that although care pathways for people with low back pain (LBP) improve health outcomes, there is a limited adoption/uptake of these pathways in primary care. To help identify and/or explain barriers and facilitators to implementation, research study designs applying a mixed methods approach including robust qualitative methodology may provide a more comprehensive understanding of patient health outcomes and patient perceptions of care.MethodsA systematic search of MEDLINE, OVID EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Scopus (1980–2020) was conducted to identify relevant mixed methods, quantitative and qualitative studies.ResultsThree hundred and sixteen articles were screened for inclusion, with a total of 12 articles (1 mixed methods and 11 quantitative) included in the review. No solely qualitative studies were found. Broadly, patients reported overall improved health outcomes and higher satisfaction using the care pathway. In the mixed methods study, engaging patients in aspects of care were reported to be challenging. Further, while patient health outcomes (quantitative) and patient experiences of the care pathway (qualitative—free‐text survey responses) were presented separately, a lack of detailed convergence/triangulation of the data limits conclusions that could inform implementation into clinical settings.ConclusionData supported the positive effect of care pathways on patient health outcomes, yet investigation of the patient experience was limited. Only one study used a mixed methods design and then only used free‐text survey responses for the qualitative component. Future efforts to integrate LBP care pathways into primary care may benefit from using mixed methods design with an emphasis on robust qualitative methodology.
Effective Anesthetic Dosage and Recovery from Specialized Surgical Methods in Shortnose Gar
Authors: King Sarah M. , Stein Jeffrey A. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
A general assumption in the use of biotelemetry is that tags do not affect the animal’s behavior. There is general agreement that internal implantation of transmitters is the preferred method for affixing a tag to a fish relative to external and intragastric transmitters because internal tags have minimal negative impacts on growth and can be used for long-term research. Internal transmitter attachment methods have only recently been explored for the family Lepisosteidae due to the inability to breach ganoid scales with traditional surgical procedures developed for teleost fishes. In this study, we used a recently developed specialized surgical technique to conduct sham surgeries on Shortnose Gar Lepisosteus platostomus to document short- and long-term recovery and wound healing rates. Shortnose Gar were successfully sedated for surgical purposes with AQUI-S 20E at a concentration of 250 mg/L, although we discovered that it is necessary to prevent facultative air breathing to ensure sufficient induction. Despite a longer sedation time relative to other species, fish recovered quickly and showed no adverse effects. Surgical wounds closed within approximately 2 weeks, and monofilament sutures were retained long enough to promote healing. On average, fish lost 0.34% body weight per day over the first 7–19 d postsurgery but gained 0.26% body weight per day over the remainder of the 478-d study. Our study is the first to test the effective dosage of AQUI-S 20E in Shortnose Gar and to evaluate recovery from surgery using a specialized surgical technique in a controlled setting. Methods used in our study were designed to be directly applied in the field, will allow researchers to safely utilize internal implantation of transmitters in primitive fishes with ganoid scales, and will enable studies that expand our knowledge of the spatial ecology and habitat use in this ancient lineage of fish.
Lack of rewarding effects of a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor TPPU in mice: Comparison with morphine
Authors: Wan Xiayun , Fujita Yuko , Chang Lijia , Wei Yan , Ma Li , Wuyun Gerile , Pu Yaoyu , Hammock Bruce D. , Hashimoto Kenji 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimAlthough opioids have been used as treatment of neuropathic pain, opioids have abuse potential in humans. Since soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids plays a key role in the pain, sEH inhibitors would be promising new therapeutic drugs for neuropathic pain. In this study, we examined the effect of the sEH inhibitor TPPU on rewarding effects in mice using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm.MethodsThe rewarding effects of morphine (10 mg/kg) and TPPU (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg) in mice were examined using CPP paradigm. Furthermore, the effect of TPPU (30 mg/kg) on morphine‐induced rewarding effects was examined.ResultsTPPU (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg) did not increase CPP scores in the mice whereas morphine significantly increased CPP scores in the mice. Furthermore, pretreatment with TPPU did not block the rewarding effects of morphine in the mice, suggesting that sEH does not play a role in the rewarding effect of morphine.ConclusionThis study suggests that TPPU did not have rewarding effects in rodents. This would make sEH inhibitors potential therapeutic drugs without abuse potential for neuropathic pain.
An integrative review and theoretical examination of chronic illness mHealth studies using the Middle‐Range Theory of Self‐care of Chronic Illness
Authors: Buck Harleah G. , Shadmi Efrat , Topaz Maxim , Sockolow Paulina S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSelf‐management, or self‐care, by individuals and/or families is a critical element in chronic illness management as more care shifts to the home setting. Mobile device‐enhanced health care, or mHealth, is being touted as a means to support self‐care. Previous mHealth reviews examined the effect of mHealth on patient outcomes, however, none used a theoretical lens to examine the interventions themselves. The aims of this integrative review were to examine recent (e.g., last 10 years) chronic illness mHealth empiric studies and (1) categorize self‐care behaviors engaged in the intervention according to the Middle‐Range Theory of Self‐care of Chronic Illness, and (2) conduct an analysis of gaps in self‐care theory domains and behaviors utilized. Methods included: (1) Best practice study identification, collection, and data extraction procedures and (2) realist synthesis techniques for within and across case analysis. From a pool of 652 records, 33 primarily North American clinical trials, published between 2010 and 2019 were examined. Most mHealth interventions used apps, clinician contact, and behavioral prompts with some wireless devices. Examination found self‐care maintenance behaviors were supported in most (n = 30) trials whereas self‐care monitoring (n = 12) and self‐care management behaviors (n = 8) were less so. Few trials (n = 2) targeted all three domains. Investigation of specific behaviors uncovered an overexamination of physical activity and diet behaviors and an underexamination of equally important behaviors. By examining chronic illness mHealth interventions using a theoretical lens we have categorized current interventions, conducted a gap analysis uncovering areas for future study, and made recommendations to move the science forward.
A Laboratory‐Based Study of the Priming Effects of Food Cues and Stress on Hunger and Food Intake in Individuals with Obesity
Authors: Chao Ariana M. , Fogelman Nia , Hart Rachel , Grilo Carlos M. , Sinha Rajita 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the effects of exposures to food cues and stress on hunger and food intake and examine whether cue responses differ by weight status.MethodsIn a laboratory‐based experimental study, participants (n = 138) were exposed to stress, neutral, and food cues delivered using an individualized script‐driven imagery task on three separate days. After each cue exposure, participants ate high‐ and low‐calorie snack foods ad libitum (Food Snack Test). Hunger was measured by visual analog scales.ResultsFood cues elicited significantly greater increases in hunger compared with neutral and stress stimuli. Cue‐induced hunger did not differ by weight status. Participants consumed a similar number of total calories across stimuli. In response to food cue provocation, participants with obesity consumed [mean (SE)] 81.0% (4.0%) of calories from high‐calorie foods, which was significantly greater than participants with normal weight (63.5%  [3.6%]; P = 0.001). After the stress cue, participants with obesity consumed 81.4% (4.0%) of calories from high‐calorie foods, which was significantly more than participants with normal weight (70.2% [3.6%]; P = 0.04). Energy intake from high‐calorie foods did not differ by weight status after the neutral cue.ConclusionsAmong individuals with obesity, exposure to food and stress cues shifted consumption to high‐calorie snack foods within a well‐controlled experimental setting.
Effectiveness of behavioral interventions and behavior change techniques for reducing soft drink intake in disadvantaged adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shagiwal S. S. , Groenestein E. , Schop‐Etman A. , Jongerling J. , van der Waal J. , Noordzij G. , Denktas S. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryReducing sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB) intake is an important dietary target, especially among socioeconomically disadvantaged ethnic minority adolescents. This review and meta‐analysis evaluated the effectiveness of behavioural interventions aiming to reduce SSB intake in socioeconomically disadvantaged ethnic minority adolescents and examined which behaviour change techniques (BCTs) were most effective. A systematic search was conducted using the PRISMA criteria. Quality assessments were done using the Cochrane criteria. In a narrative synthesis, studies were divided into effective and non‐effective, and relative effectiveness ratios of individual BCTs were calculated. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated with random‐effects models using cluster robust methods. Twenty‐two studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. A meta‐analysis (n = 19) revealed no significant between‐group differences in reduction of SSB intake. Five self‐regulatory BCTs had an effectiveness ratio >50%: feedback, goal‐setting, action planning, self‐monitoring and problem‐solving/barrier identification. The risk of bias assessments were judged to be moderate to high risk for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studies and low to moderate for pre–post studies. There was no indication of publication bias. In conclusion, self‐regulatory BCTs may be effective components to change SSB behaviour. However, high‐quality research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of behavioural interventions and identify BCTs effective for reducing SSB intake among disadvantaged adolescents with ethnic minority backgrounds.
Exploring the role of chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 in recurrence patterns among patients with differentiated thyroid cancer†
Authors: Greenberg Jacques , Zarnegar Rasa 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOur understanding of the oncogenic drivers involved in thyroid cancers continues to expand. In a recent issue of this journal, Cheng et al explore the role of chitinase‐3‐like protein 1 (CHI3L1) in the development of thyroid cancer and its recurrence. They show increased levels of CHI3L1 in papillary and anaplastic thyroid malignancies (PTC and ATC, respectively) but baseline expression of the protein in benign thyroid pathologies. These were most pronounced in PTCs with BRAF mutations. High levels of CHI3L1 were shown to be associated with a higher likelihood of extrathyroidal extension and lymph node metastasis, more advanced TNM stage, a higher frequency of harboring a BRAFV600E mutation, and a higher risk of disease recurrence. Pathologic features, including clonogenicity, migratory, invasive and angiogenic properties, were reduced in a CHI3L1‐knockdown thyroid cancer cell line. The cysteine‐rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) pathway was identified as a potential mediator of CHI3L1 pathogenesis, but a full mechanistic pathway was not delineated. Findings regarding CHI3L1‐associated pathogenicity are in line with published data available for a number of other cancers. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of treatments on gonadal function in long‐term survivors of pediatric hematologic malignancies: A cohort study
Authors: Felicetti Francesco , Castiglione Anna , Biasin Eleonora , Fortunati Nicoletta , Dionisi‐Vici Margherita , Matarazzo Patrizia , Ciccone Giovannino , Fagioli Franca , Brignardello Enrico 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundPotentially gonadotoxic protocols are currently used for the treatment of childhood hematologic malignancies. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of gonadal dysfunction and the most important associated risk factors in a cohort of hematologic malignancy survivors.ProcedureWe considered all patients referred to our long‐term follow‐up clinic for childhood cancer survivors, between November 2001 and December 2017. Inclusion criteria were: (a) previous diagnosis of hematologic malignancy; (b) age at hematologic malignancy diagnosis < 18 years; (c) at least five years after the end of anticancer treatments; (d) at least one evaluation of gonadal function after the 18th birthday. Patients diagnosed before January 1, 1990, were excluded.ResultsThree hundred twenty‐seven survivors (males = 196) were included. Isolated spermatogenesis damage was found in 58/196 (29.6%) of males, whereas 18/196 (9.2%) had Leydig cell failure. In females, 35/131 (26.7%) experienced premature ovarian insufficiency. In both sexes, abdominopelvic irradiation and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were strongly associated with the risk of gonadal dysfunction. For every 1000 mg/m2 increase in cyclophosphamide‐equivalent dose exposure, the risk of spermatogenesis damage increased 1.52‐fold and that of Leydig cell failure increased 1.34‐fold, whereas the risk of premature ovarian insufficiency increased 1.80‐fold. About 30% of those males who developed Leydig cell failure did so more than five years after the end of treatments.ConclusionsGonadal dysfunction is still a significant late effect of therapies for pediatric hematologic malignancies. In males, the reevaluation of Leydig cell function may be useful even several years after the exposure to gonadotoxic treatments.
Efficient extraction and purification of benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids from Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. by combination of ultrahigh pressure extraction and pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography with anti‐breast cancer activity in vitro
Authors: Ali Iftikhar , Li Jingchao , Cui Li , Zhao Hongwei , He Qiuxia , Wang Daijie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionMacleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. (Papaveraceae family) is a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine used to treat muscle pain, inflamed wounds, and bee bites. Benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids are the main active ingredients in M. cordata. In this work, sanguinarine and chelerythrine were efficiently extracted and purified by ultrahigh‐pressure extraction (UHPE) technique and pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography (PZRCCC) from M. cordata.ObjectiveTo develop an efficient UHPE method followed by an efficient separation technique using PZRCCC for benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids from the study plant species, and to evaluate the study samples for anti‐breast cancer activity.MethodologyThe optimal extraction conditions were optimised as extraction pressure 200 MPa, extraction solvent 95% ethanol, solid–liquid ratio 1:30 (g/mL) and extraction time 2 min. A two‐phase n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/i‐propanol/water (1:3:1.5:4.5, v/v) solvent system was optimised with 10 mmol triethylamine in the upper phase and 10 mmol trifluoroacetic acid in lower phase in PZRCCC. The sample loading was optimised as 2.50 g. Moreover, the samples were evaluated for anti‐breast cancer activity later on.ResultsThe 2.50 g sample loading yielded 0.45 g of sanguinarine and 0.59 g chelerythrine in one‐step separation using PZRCCC. The anti‐breast cancer activities of sanguinarine and chelerythrine were found stronger than positive control (vincristine 5.04 μg/mL) with half‐maximal inhibitory concentration values of 0.96 and 3.00 μg/mL, respectively.ConclusionThis study showed that the established methods were efficient in extraction (UHPE) and separation (PZRCCC) of the sanguinarine and chelerythrine from M. cordata.
Challenges and opportunities for managing pediatric central nervous system tumors in China
Authors: Pak‐Yin Liu Anthony , Moreira Daniel C. , Sun Chenchen , Krull Lisa , Gao Yijin , Yang Bo , Zhang Chenran , He Kejun , Yuan Xiaojun , Chi‐Fung Chan Godfrey , Sun Xiaofei , Ma Xiaoli , Qaddoumi Ibrahim A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) tumors represent the most deadly cancer in pediatric age group. In China, thousands of children are diagnosed with CNS tumors every year. Despite the improving socioeconomic status and availability of medical expertise within the country, unique challenges remain for the delivery of pediatric neuro‐oncology service. In this review, we discuss the existing hurdles for improving the outcome of children with CNS tumors in China. Need for precise disease burden estimation, lack of intra‐ and inter‐hospital collaborative networks, high probability of treatment abandonment, along with financial toxicities from treatment represent the key challenges that Chinese healthcare providers encounter. The tremendous opportunities for advancing the status of pediatric neuro‐oncology care in and beyond the country are explored.