bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dominanční hierarchie
Authors: Jozífková Eva , Koláčková Martina 
Published: December 2020

Dominanční hierarchie se vyvinula jako adaptace sociálně žijících živočichů na podmínky prostředí. Postavení v dominanční hierarchii výrazně ovlivňuje život a chování člověka i v dnešních moderních evropských a amerických společnostech. Zde 1) stručně vysvětlíme principy a evoluční pozadí dominanční hierarchie z úhlu pohledu behaviorálních věd, 2) popíšeme rysy dominanční hierarchie u člověka, a 3) uvedeme příklady toho, co určuje hierarchické postavení jedince u člověka, jak toto postavení ovlivňuje život jedince a jak se projevuje v chování.Struktura dominanční hierarchie, ustavení hierarchického postavení (rank) a omezení daná tímto postavením jsou předvídatelná. Postavení ovlivňuje život jedince v mnoha směrech (reprodukce, komunikace, zdraví, tok informací, vzorce chování). Pokud chceme plně porozumět chování člověka, jeho rozhodnutím a pocitům, musíme brát v úvahu existence dominanční hierarchie mezi jedinci a mezi skupinami jedinců.
Načo sa trápiť s otázkou existencie ľudských práv?
Authors: Káčer Marek 
Published: December 2020

V tomto texte mám ambíciu dokázať, že ontologickú otázku, či existujú ľudské práva, by sme mali nahradiť pragmatickou otázkou, či je jazyk ľudských práv vhodný na dosahovanie a vyjadrovanie našich hodnôt a cieľov. Vyjdem z Carnapovho rozlíšenia medzi internými a externými otázkami, ktoré použijem na roztriedenie rôznych druhov ľudskoprávnych diskurzov a následne demonštrujem, že z pragmatického pohľadu jazyk ľudských práv nie je v rozpore s relativizmom, ani s utilitarizmom či komunitarizmom. V rámci kritiky tohto pragmatického prístupu si v závere ukážeme, ako do schémy Alexyho argumentu v prospech objektívnej existencie ľudských práv zapadá Kelsenov pragmatický postoj k demokracii.
A molecular survey based on eDNA to assess the presence of a clown featherback (Chitala ornata) in a confined environment
Authors: Osathanunkul Maslin , Minamoto Toshifumi 
Published: December 2020

Background
The importance of the inland fisheries sector in food security as a provider of much-needed protein and income supplier has been highlighted. This is especially the case in poor rural communities in developing countries. Inland capture fisheries in Thailand are in place nationwide in rivers, lakes, swamps and reservoirs. The clown featherback (Chitala ornata) is popularly consumed and is an economically important fish in Thailand which is often used in food products such as fish balls and fish cakes. Along with other fish species, the clown featherback is one of fish of inland fisheries at Phayao Lake. Recent fish surveys from 2016-2018 at Phayao Lake using netting and electrofishing found that the number of clown featherback have been reducing since 2016 and could not be detected at all by 2018. This is despite the fact that there are still reports of their presence in the lake from locals.

Methods
We developed an eDNA-based method for detection of the clown featherback in Phayao Lake as an alternative tool. Water samples were collected in three different sampling months (February, June and September) at six sites located in the lake. Species-specific primers and the probe were designed to amplify a 183 bp fragment of the cytB region of the clown featherback.

Results
eDNA of the clown featherback can be detected in all different sampling months and sites. Concentration of the clown featherback found in Prayao Lake showed no difference over sampling month but between collecting sites. This proves that eDNA based survey is a sensitive and useful tool for monitoring and surveying the clown featherback at any time of the year.
PLCγ1 inhibition combined with inhibition of apoptosis and necroptosis increases cartilage matrix synthesis in IL‐1β‐treated rat chondrocytes
Authors: Chen Xiaolei , Chen Ri , Xu Yang , Xia Chun 
Published: December 2020

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age‐related, chronic degenerative disease. With the increasing median age of the population, this disease has become an important public health problem. New, disease‐modifying therapies are needed. A potential novel molecular target is phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1), a critical enzyme with important functions including calcium signaling regulation and cell proliferation. In rat chondrocytes treated with IL‐1β (20 ng·mL−1 for 36 h), inhibition of PLCγ1 with U73122 (2 μm for 12 h) increased levels and expression of the cartilage matrix components Collagen2 and Aggrecan. This beneficial effect of PLCγ1 inhibition was counteracted by increased chondrocyte apoptosis and necroptosis, increased cell death, and increase levels of ROS, all potentially negative for OA. Combined treatment of IL‐1β + U73122‐treated chondrocytes with inhibitors of apoptosis (Z‐VAD, 10 μm) and necroptosis (Nec‐1, 30 μm) enhanced the increases in levels and expression of Collagen2 and Aggrecan, and prevented the increases in cell death and ROS levels. These results suggest that PLCγ1 inhibition may be a viable approach for an OA therapy, if combined with targeted inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis and necroptosis.
Biomaterials and 3D Bioprinting Strategies to Model Glioblastoma and the Blood–Brain Barrier
Authors: Tang Min , Rich Jeremy N. , Chen Shaochen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and lethal adult primary central nervous system cancer. An immunosuppresive and highly heterogeneous tumor microenvironment, restricted delivery of chemotherapy or immunotherapy through the blood–brain barrier (BBB), together with the brain's unique biochemical and anatomical features result in its universal recurrence and poor prognosis. As conventional models fail to predict therapeutic efficacy in GBM, in vitro 3D models of GBM and BBB leveraging patient‐ or healthy‐individual‐derived cells and biomaterials through 3D bioprinting technologies potentially mimic essential physiological and pathological features of GBM and BBB. 3D‐bioprinted constructs enable investigation of cellular and cell–extracellular matrix interactions in a species‐matched, high‐throughput, and reproducible manner, serving as screening or drug delivery platforms. Here, an overview of current 3D‐bioprinted GBM and BBB models is provided, elaborating on the microenvironmental compositions of GBM and BBB, relevant biomaterials to mimic the native tissues, and bioprinting strategies to implement the model fabrication. Collectively, 3D‐bioprinted GBM and BBB models are promising systems and biomimetic alternatives to traditional models for more reliable mechanistic studies and preclinical drug screenings that may eventually accelerate the drug development process for GBM.
Two‐dimensional Fe2O3/TiO2 Composite Nanoplates with Improved Lithium Storage Properties as Anodic Materials for Lithium‐Ion Full Cells
Authors: Qu Dongyang , Sun Zhonghui , Gan Shiyu , Gao Lifang , Song Zhongqian , Kong Huijun , Xu Jianan , Dong Xiandui , Niu Li 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe rapid capacity decay is one of the challenges for the anodes of metal oxides‐based lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, we report a characteristic nanoplate‐structured metal oxide anode consisting of hexagonal Fe2O3 and TiO2 (denoted as Fe2O3/TiO2) via a facile hydrothermal strategy. Owing to two‐dimensional (2D) structured and stable TiO2 modifier, Fe2O3/TiO2 composite demonstrates significantly improved electrochemical LIBs performances. The Fe2O3/TiO2 composite material buffers the volume expansion of Fe2O3 and improves the rate capability and cycling performances. Upon 1000 long‐term cycles, the anode electrode delivers high discharge capacity of 1056 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1. The full cell that is composed of Fe2O3/TiO2 as the anode and commercial LiFePO4 as the cathode delivers superior rate capacity (84 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1) and stable cycle capacity (132 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 150 cycles). This 2D composite nanostructure offers an approach to improve the metal oxide‐based anodes of LIBs.
RG and logarithmic CFT multicritical properties of randomly diluted Ising models
Authors: Zinati R. Ben Alì , Zanusso O. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We discuss how a spin system, which is subject to quenched disorder, might exhibit multicritical behaviors at criticality if the distribution of the impurities is arbitrary. In order to provide realistic candidates for such multicritical behaviors, we discuss several generalizations of the standard randomly diluted Ising’s universality class adopting the ϵ-expansion close to several upper critical dimensions. In the presentation, we spend a special effort in bridging between CFT and RG results and discuss in detail the computation of quantities, which are of prominent interest in the case of logarithmic CFT.
PineAPPL: combining EW and QCD corrections for fast evaluation of LHC processes
Authors: Carrazza S. , Nocera E. R. , Schwan C. , Zaro M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We introduce PineAPPL, a library that produces fast-interpolation grids of physical cross sections, computed with a general-purpose Monte Carlo generator, accurate to fixed order in the strong, electroweak, and combined strong-electroweak couplings. We demonstrate this unique ability, that distinguishes PineAPPL from similar software available in the literature, by interfacing it to MadGraph5_aMC@NLO. We compute fast-interpolation grids, accurate to next-to-leading order in the strong and electroweak couplings, for a representative set of LHC processes for which EW corrections may have a sizeable effect on the accuracy of the corresponding theoretical predictions. We formulate a recommendation on the format of the experimental deliverables in order to consistently compare them with computations that incorporate EW corrections, and specifically to determine parton distribution functions to the same accuracy.
Umweltfürsorge im Krankenhaus: Hygienische Sauberkeit und die feminisierte Arbeit an der Atmosphäre
Authors: von Bose Käthe 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDen Boden putzen, das Bett abziehen, einen Blumenstrauß arrangieren – Bemühungen um Sauberkeit sowie eine angenehme Raumatmosphäre obliegen im Krankenhaus meist weiblichen* Pflegerinnen, Reinigungskräften und Hauswirtschafterinnen. Im Klinikalltag vermischen sich Anforderungen an hygienische Sauberkeit unter Prozessen der Ökonomisierung mit Logiken des Marketings sowie mit affektiv-emotionalen Bedürfnissen der Akteur_innen dieser Räume. Obwohl die Maßstäbe klinischer Hygiene auf medizinischem Wissen basieren, sind die Arbeitsteilung sowie Ansprüche an Sauberkeit auf verschiedenen Hierarchieebenen zugleich von vergeschlechtlichten und teils rassifizierten Vorstellungen durchdrungen, die über den klinischen Kontext hinausweisen. Dies legt schon eine Beschäftigung mit der Geschichte der Bakteriologie nahe: Die Logik und Sprache der Infektionsabwehr ist in Wissenschaft und Alltag auch verwoben mit sozialen Differenzmarkierungen.Unter Rückgriff auf die Ergebnisse einer Ethnografie zu Sauberkeit und Reinigungsarbeiten im Krankenhaus, die wissensgeschichtlich fundiert werden, wird in dem Beitrag die Frage nach der (feminisierten) Sorge für die Umwelt mit der Frage nach der Atmosphäre klinischer Räume verknüpft. Auf welche Weise und mit welchen Effekten verschränken sich wissenschaftlich-medizinisches Hygienewissen mit einem alltäglichen, jedoch historisierbaren Wissen über schöne und angenehme Sauberkeit, das immer noch weiblich konnotiert ist?
The immunomodulatory potential of the arylmethylaminosteroid sc1o
Authors: Blum Leonard , Ulshöfer Thomas , Henke Marina , Krieg Reimar , Berneburg Isabell , Geisslinger Gerd , Becker Katja , Parnham Michael J. , Schiffmann Susanne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Developing resistance mechanisms of pathogens against established and frequently used drugs are a growing global health problem. Besides the development of novel drug candidates per se, new approaches to counteract resistance mechanisms are needed. Drug candidates that not only target the pathogens directly but also modify the host immune system might boost anti-parasitic defence and facilitate clearance of pathogens. In this study, we investigated whether the novel anti-parasitic steroid compound 1o (sc1o), effective against the parasites Plasmodium falciparum and Schistosoma mansoni, might exhibit immunomodulatory properties. Our results reveal that 50 μM sc1o amplified the inflammatory potential of M1 macrophages and shifted M2 macrophages in a pro-inflammatory direction. Since M1 macrophages used predominantly glycolysis as an energy source, it is noteworthy that sc1o increased glycolysis and decreased oxidative phosphorylation in M2 macrophages. The effect of sc1o on the differentiation and activation of dendritic cells was ambiguous, since both pro- and anti-inflammatory markers were regulated. In conclusion, sc1o has several immunomodulatory effects that could possibly assist the immune system by counteracting the anti-inflammatory immune escape strategy of the parasite P. falciparum or by increasing pro-inflammatory mechanisms against pathogens, albeit at a higher concentration than that required for the anti-parasitic effect.

Key messages
• The anti-parasitic steroid compound 1o (sc1o) can modulate human immune cells.
• Sc1o amplified the potential of M1 macrophages.
• Sc1o shifts M2 macrophages to a M1 phenotype.
• Dendritic cell differentiation and activation was ambiguously modulated.
• Administration of sc1o could possibly assist the anti-parasitic defence.
Mesenchymal stromal cells and platelet-rich plasma promote tendon allograft healing in ovine anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Hexter Adam T. , Sanghani-Kerai Anita , Heidari Nima , Kalaskar Deepak M. , Boyd Ashleigh , Pendegrass Catherine , Rodeo Scott A. , Haddad Fares S. , Blunn Gordon W. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on tendon allograft maturation in a large animal anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction model was reported for the first time. It was hypothesised that compared with non-augmented ACL reconstruction, BMSCs and PRP would enhance graft maturation after 12 weeks and this would be detected using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods
Fifteen sheep underwent unilateral tendon allograft ACL reconstruction using aperture fixation and were randomised into three groups (n = 5). Group 1 received 10 million allogeneic BMSCs in 2 ml fibrin sealant; Group 2 received 12 ml PRP in a plasma clot injected into the graft and bone tunnels; and Group 3 (control) received no adjunctive treatment. At autopsy at 12 weeks, a graft maturation score was determined by the sum for graft integrity, synovial coverage and vascularisation, graft thickness and apparent tension, and synovial sealing at tunnel apertures. MRI analysis (n = 2 animals per group) of the signal–noise quotient (SNQ) and fibrous interzone (FIZ) was used to evaluate intra-articular graft maturation and tendon–bone healing, respectively. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (r) of SNQ, autopsy graft maturation score and bone tunnel diameter were analysed.

Results
The BMSC group (p = 0.01) and PRP group (p = 0.03) had a significantly higher graft maturation score compared with the control group. The BMSC group scored significantly higher for synovial sealing at tunnel apertures (p = 0.03) compared with the control group. The graft maturation score at autopsy significantly correlated with the SNQ (r = − 0.83, p < 0.01). The tunnel diameter of the femoral tunnel at the aperture (r = 0.883, p = 0.03) and mid-portion (r = 0.941, p = 0.02) positively correlated with the SNQ.

Conclusions
BMSCs and PRP significantly enhanced graft maturation, which indicates that orthobiologics can accelerate the biologic events in tendon allograft incorporation. Femoral tunnel expansion significantly correlated with inferior maturation of the intra-articular graft. The clinical relevance of this study is that BMSCs and PRP enhance allograft healing in a translational model, and biological modulation of graft healing can be evaluated non-invasively using MRI.
The spectral decomposition of $$|\theta |^2$$
Authors: Nelson Paul D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLet$$\theta $$θbe an elementary theta function, such as the classical Jacobi theta function. We establish a spectral decomposition and surprisingly strong asymptotic formulas for$$\langle |\theta |^2, \varphi \rangle $$⟨|θ|2,φ⟩as$$\varphi $$φtraverses a sequence of Hecke-translates of a nice enough fixed function. The subtlety is that typically$$|\theta |^2 \notin L^2$$|θ|2∉L2. Applications to the subconvexity, quantum variance and 4-norm problems are indicated.
Time-resolved temperature and velocity field measurements in gas turbine film cooling flows with mainstream turbulence
Authors: Straußwald Michael , Abram Christopher , Sander Tobias , Beyrau Frank , Pfitzner Michael 
Published: December 2020

AbstractGas turbine film cooling strategies must provide adequate cooling performance under high levels of mainstream turbulence. Detailed information about the structure, dynamics and transport of the cooling films is needed to understand the flow physics and develop suitable numerical simulation tools. Here, we study film cooling flows in a wind tunnel with mainstream turbulence generated by an active turbulence grid. Gas temperature and velocity fields are measured using a laser-imaging method based on thermographic phosphor tracer particles. By replacing the previously used tracer BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+with ZnO, significant gains in accuracy and precision could be achieved. The increased sensitivity (~ 1%/K) of ZnO led to a threefold improvement in the single-shot, single-pixel temperature precision to ± 5 K. The smaller particle size (dp,v ~ 600 nm) and agglomerated nanoparticle structure also reduced the tracing response time to ~ 5 µs allowing accurate tracking of turbulent fluctuations approaching 10 kHz. Moreover, no uncertainty arising from multiple scattering effects were observed using ZnO particles in this enclosed wind tunnel geometry at an estimated average seeding density of 2 × 1011particles/m3. Time-average, fluctuation and single-shot temperature–velocity fields are presented for two mainstream turbulence levels ($$\overline{u}^{\prime}$$u¯′/$${\overline{u}}_{\mathrm{m}}$$u¯m= 7% and 14%) and two momentum ratios (IR = 4.7 and 9.3) at a fixed density ratio of 1.55. These flow conditions produce a cooling jet which is detached from the surface. High main flow turbulence causes faster mixing with the surrounding hot gas, increasing the wall-normal spreading of the cooling jet. The instantaneous flow fields show that mainstream turbulence has a significant effect on the shear layer velocity fluctuations and consequently on the streamwise and wall-normal turbulent heat flux, which is derived from the simultaneously acquired temperature–velocity data. We found that high mainstream turbulence reduces the heat flux away from the wall, suggesting that mainstream turbulence can act to diminish cooling performance. Sets of instantaneous measurements recorded at a 6 kHz repetition rate also reveal the dynamic interactions between the main flow turbulence and the cooling jet. These findings and the recorded data can be used to advance turbulence modelling for numerical simulations.Graphic abstract
Penetrating eye injury by dart
Authors: Germerott Tanja , Mann N. , Axmann S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDarts are constantly gaining in popularity. However, their risk of injury is often underestimated. This report is about a juvenile who suffered from a severe eye injury including the opening of the eye bulb. The attending ophthalmologists ruled out the possibility that this kind of injury could be caused by a dart with a plastic point. However, by reconstructing the course of action and throwing darts at porcine eyes, the forensic medical advisory opinion was able to state that darts with damaged plastic points may cause the exact same form of injury. This casuistic illustrates the essential significance of forensic-traumatological knowledge and, especially in the case of rare injury patterns, case-related practical experiments.
Warm-Air Advection Over Melting Sea-Ice: A Lagrangian Case Study
Authors: You Cheng , Tjernström Michael , Devasthale Abhay 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObservations from the 2014 Arctic Clouds in Summer Experiment indicate that, in summer, warm-air advection over melting sea-ice results in a strong surface melting feedback forced by a very strong surface-based temperature inversion and fog formation exerting additional heat flux on the surface. Here, we analyze this case further using a combination of reanalysis dataset and satellite products in a Lagrangian framework, thereby extending the view spatially from the local icebreaker observations into a Langrangian perspective. The results confirm that warm-air advection induces a positive net surface-energy-budget anomaly, exerting positive longwave radiation and turbulent heat flux on the surface. Additionally, as warm and moist air penetrates farther into the Arctic, cloud-top cooling and surface mixing eventually erode the surface inversion downstream. The initial surface inversion splits into two elevated inversions while the air columns below the elevated inversions transform into well-mixed layers.
Physical activity and the risk of heart failure: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Aune Dagfinn , Schlesinger Sabrina , Leitzmann Michael F. , Tonstad Serena , Norat Teresa , Riboli Elio , Vatten Lars J. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAlthough physical activity is an established protective factor for cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart disease and stroke, less is known with regard to the association between specific domains of physical activity and heart failure, as well as the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and heart failure. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies to clarify the relations of total physical activity, domains of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness to risk of heart failure. PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to January 14th, 2020. Summary relative risks (RRs) were calculated using random effects models. Twenty-nine prospective studies (36 publications) were included in the review. The summary RRs for high versus low levels were 0.77 (95% CI 0.70–0.85, I2 = 49%, n = 7) for total physical activity, 0.74 (95% CI 0.68–0.81, I2 = 88.1%, n = 16) for leisure-time activity, 0.66 (95% CI 0.59–0.74, I2 = 0%, n = 2) for vigorous activity, 0.81 (95% CI 0.69–0.94, I2 = 86%, n = 3) for walking and bicycling combined, 0.90 (95% CI 0.86–0.95, I2 = 0%, n = 3) for occupational activity, and 0.31 (95% CI 0.19–0.49, I2 = 96%, n = 6) for cardiorespiratory fitness. In dose–response analyses, the summary RRs were 0.89 (95% CI 0.83–0.95, I2 = 67%, n = 4) per 20 MET-hours per day of total activity and 0.71 (95% CI 0.65–0.78, I2 = 85%, n = 11) per 20 MET-hours per week of leisure-time activity. Nonlinear associations were observed in both analyses with a flattening of the dose–response curve at 15–20 MET-hours/week for leisure-time activity. These findings suggest that high levels of total physical activity, leisure-time activity, vigorous activity, occupational activity, walking and bicycling combined and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with reduced risk of developing heart failure.