bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model of Charged Anisotropic Strange Stars in Minimally Coupled
f

R

Gravity
Authors: Nazar H. , Abbas G. 
Published: January 2021

In the present article, we have investigated a new family of nonsingular solutions of static relativistic compact sphere which incorporates the characteristics of anisotropic fluid and electromagnetic field in the context of minimally coupled

f

R

theory of gravity. The strange matter

MIT

bag model equation of state (EoS) has been considered along with the usual forms of the Karori–Barua

KB

metric potentials. For this purpose, we derived the Einstein–Maxwell field equations in the assistance of strange matter EoS and

KB

type ansatz by employing the two viable and cosmologically well-consistent models of

f

R

=
R
+
γ

R

2

and

f

R

=
R
+
γ
R

R
+
α

R

2

. Thereafter, we have checked the physical acceptability of the proposed results such as pressure, energy density, energy conditions,

TOV

equation, stability conditions, mass function, compactness, and surface redshift by using graphical representation. Moreover, we have investigated that the energy density and radial pressure are nonsingular at the core or free from central singularity and always regular at every interior point of the compact sphere. The numerical values of such parameters along with the surface density, charge to radius ratio, and bag constant are computed for three well-known compact stars such as

CS1

SAXJ
1808
.
4
−
3658

(

x
˜

=
7.07

km

,

CS2

VelaX
−
1

x
˜

=
9.56

km

, and

CS3

4U1820
−
30

x
˜

=
10

km

and are presented in Tables 1–6. Conclusively, we have noticed that our presented charged compact stellar object in the background of two well-known

f

R

models obeys all the necessary conditions for the stable equilibrium position and which is also perfectly fit to compose the strange quark star object.
UNIVOCIDAD VERSUS DUALIDAD EN SPINOZA
Authors: Garcia Ruzo Antonieta 
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo aborda el problema dualista en la ontología spinoziana. Éste pretende reconstruir brevemente la historia de la discusión en torno a esta problemática, con el fin de analizar en qué términos interpretó la tradición las duplas esencia-existencia, eternidad-duración, infinito-finito, sustancia-modos. El objetivo será poner de manifiesto los errores que surgen tanto de entender estas distinciones como ontológicas, como de ignorarlas. La apuesta será, en cambio, la de una lectura que permita reivindicar la dualidad en Spinoza, pero que deje ver en qué sentido esta es una dualidad gnoseológica y no ontológica. Es decir, mostrar de qué manera las duplas que encontramos a lo largo de la obra de Spinoza refieren a perspectivas o modos de conocer lo real, y no a estratos del ser. Creemos que, de este modo, la tan denostada dualidad no sólo se vuelve compatible con la univocidad del ser, sino que permite una comprensión más acabada del auténtico espíritu spinozista.
Development of an adapted Clinical Global Impression scale for use in Angelman syndrome
Authors: Kolevzon Alexander , Ventola Pamela , Keary Christopher J. , Heimer Gali , Neul Jeffrey L. , Adera Mathews , Jaeger Judith 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) and CGI-Improvement (CGI-I) scales are widely accepted tools that measure overall disease severity and change, synthesizing the clinician’s impression of the global state of an individual. Frequently employed in clinical trials for neuropsychiatric disorders, the CGI scales are typically used in conjunction with disease-specific rating scales. When no disease-specific rating scale is available, the CGI scales can be adapted to reflect the specific symptom domains that are relevant to the disorder. Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare, clinically heterogeneous condition for which there is no disease-specific rating scale. This paper describes efforts to develop standardized, adapted CGI scales specific to AS for use in clinical trials.

Methods
In order to develop adapted CGI scales specific to AS, we (1) reviewed literature and interviewed caregivers and clinicians to determine the most impactful symptoms, (2) engaged expert panels to define and operationalize the symptom domains identified, (3) developed detailed rating anchors for each domain and for global severity and improvement ratings, (4) reviewed the anchors with expert clinicians and established minimally clinically meaningful change for each symptom domain, and (5) generated mock patient vignettes to test the reliability of the resulting scales and to standardize rater training. This systematic approach to developing, validating, and training raters on a standardized, adapted CGI scale specifically for AS is described herein.

Results
The resulting CGI-S/I-AS scales capture six critical domains (behavior, gross and fine motor function, expressive and receptive communication, and sleep) defined by caregivers and expert clinicians as the most challenging for patients with AS and their families.

Conclusions
Rigorous training and careful calibration for clinicians will allow the CGI-S/-I-AS scales to be reliable in the context of randomized controlled trials. The CGI-S/-I-AS scales are being utilized in a Phase 3 trial of gaboxadol for the treatment of AS.
Dynamics of limited neoplastic growth on Pongamia pinnata (L.) (Fabaceae) leaf, induced by Aceria pongamiae (Acari: Eriophyidae)
Authors: Anand P. P. , Ramani N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundGalls or the neoplastic growth on plants result from a complex type of interaction between the inducers (Acari, Insects, Microbes and Nematodes) and plants. The present study sheds light on the gall inducing habit of a highly host specific eriophyid mite,Aceria pongamiae,on the leaves ofPongamia pinnataleading to the production of abnormal pouch like outgrowths on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the foliage. Each leaf gall is a highly complex, irregular massive structure, and the formation of which often leads to complete destruction of leaves, especially during heavy mite infestation, and thereby adversely affecting the physiology and growth of the host plant.ResultsThe study was carried out by making comparative observations on FE-SEM histological sections of galls representing four different growth stages categorized on the basis of difference in age groups. Apart from variations in cell metaplasia, a dramatic change was observed in the abaxial-adaxial polarity of the laminar surfaces also throughout the developmental sequence of galls, in all the four growth stages. Significant variations could be observed in the anti-oxidative potency as well as elemental composition in the all the four age groups of galls, and also revealed ATR-FTIR pattern of gall formation.ConclusionBeing the first attempt to unravel the mystery of gall induction by eriophyids in general and byA. pongamiaein particular, on its host plantP.pinnata,by shedding light on the structural and histological alterations taking place during leaf gall formation under the influence of the mite, the current study is to be treated as the model of plant-animal interactive system.
Effect of opium consumption on cardiovascular diseases – a cross- sectional study based on data of Rafsanjan cohort study
Authors: Khalili Parvin , Ayoobi Fatemeh , Mohamadi Maryam , Jamalizadeh Ahmad , La Vecchia Carlo , Esmaeili-nadimi Ali 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are differences of opinion about the beneficial or detrimental effects of opium consumption on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). So, we aimed to study the association between opium use and CVDs.MethodsWe used data obtained from the Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS), as a part of the prospective epidemiological research studies in IrAN (PERSIAN), with detailed, validated data on opium consumption and some other exposures. A total of 10,000 adults were enrolled in the study. Logistic regression models were used to assess the possible relationships of opium consumption with the prevalence of ischemic heart diseases (IHD) and myocardial infarction (MI).ResultsIn this study, 9990 participants in the baseline phase of the Rafsanjan adult cohort study were included according to their completed questionnaire. Among all participants, 870 and 296 individuals were found to suffer from IHD and MI, respectively. Opium consumption was found to be relatively high in the RCS participants, especially in men (men = 2150 and women = 228). Opium use was associated with a higher odds of IHD and MI, with the adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of 1.51 (1.22–1.86) and 1.79 (1.31–2.45), respectively. Also, dose-response increases were observed with the highest odds ratios in the 4th quartile for MI and IHD (p-values for trend < 0.001). Increased odds were observed for the two main methods of opium consumption, i.e. oral and smoking, but oral administration had higher odds ratio.ConclusionsOpium consumption is associated with the increased odds of both IHD and MI diseases.
Association between insulin resistance and left ventricular hypertrophy in asymptomatic, Black, sub-Saharan African, hypertensive patients: a case–control study
Authors: Kianu Phanzu Bernard , Nkodila Natuhoyila Aliocha , Kintoki Vita Eleuthère , M’Buyamba Kabangu Jean-René , Longo-Mbenza Benjamin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Conflicting information exists regarding the association between insulin resistance (IR) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). We described the associations between obesity, fasting insulinemia, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and LVH in Black patients with essential hypertension.

Methods
A case–control study was conducted at the Centre Médical de Kinshasa (CMK), the Democratic Republic of the Congo, between January and December 2019. Cases and controls were hypertensive patients with and without LVH, respectively. The relationships between obesity indices, physical inactivity, glucose metabolism and lipid disorder parameters, and LVH were assessed using linear and logistic regression analyses in simple and univariate exploratory analyses, respectively. When differences were observed between LVH and independent variables, the effects of potential confounders were studied through the use of multiple linear regression and in conditional logistic regression in multivariate analyses. The coefficients of determination (R2), adjusted odds ratios (aORs), and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to determine associations between LVH and the independent variables.

Results
Eighty-eight LVH cases (52 men) were compared against 132 controls (81 men). Variation in left ventricular mass (LVM) could be predicted by the following variables: age (19%), duration of hypertension (31.3%), body mass index (BMI, 44.4%), waist circumference (WC, 42.5%), glycemia (20%), insulinemia (44.8%), and HOMA-IR (43.7%). Hypertension duration, BMI, insulinemia, and HOMA-IR explained 68.3% of LVM variability in the multiple linear regression analysis. In the logistic regression model, obesity increased the risk of LVH by threefold [aOR 2.8; 95% CI (1.06–7.4); p = 0.038], and IR increased the risk of LVH by eightfold [aOR 8.4; 95 (3.7–15.7); p < 0.001].

Conclusion
Obesity and IR appear to be the primary predictors of LVH in Black sub-Saharan African hypertensive patients. The comprehensive management of cardiovascular risk factors should be emphasized, with particular attention paid to obesity and IR. A prospective population-based study of Black sub-Saharan individuals that includes the use of serial imaging remains essential to better understand subclinical LV deterioration over time and to confirm the role played by IR in Black sub-Saharan individuals with hypertension.
Influences of service characteristics and older people’s attributes on outcomes from direct payments
Authors: Davey Vanessa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Direct payments (DPs) are cash-payments that eligible individuals can receive to purchase care services by themselves. DPs are central to current social care policy in England, but their advantages remain controversial. This controversy is partly due to their lack of historical visibility: DPs were deployed in stages, bundled with other policy instruments (first individual budgets, then personal budgets), and amidst increasing budgetary constraints. As a result, little unequivocal evidence is available about the effectiveness of DPs as an instrument for older people’s care. This study aims to partially fill that gap using data obtained during an early evaluation of DP’s that took place between 2005 and 07.

Methods
Semi-structured 81 face-to-face interviews with older people (and their proxies) using DPs are analyzed. DPs contribution to outcomes was measured using a standardized utility scale. Data on individual characteristics (dependency, unpaid care) and received services (types and amount of services) was also gathered. Multiple regression analyses were performed between measured outcome gains and individual and service characteristics. A Poisson log-functional form was selected to account for the low mean and positive skew of outcome gains.

Results
Levels of met need compared very favorably to average social care outcomes in the domains of social participation, control over daily living and safety, and user satisfaction was high. Benefit from DPs was particularly affected by the role and function of unpaid care and availability of recruitment support. The freedom to combine funded care packages with self-funded care enhanced the positive impact of the former. The ability to purchase care that deviated from standardized care inputs improved service benefits. Large discrepancies between total care input and that supported through DPs negatively affected outcomes.

Conclusions
The results offer clarity regarding the benefit derived from receiving DPs. They also clarify contested aspects of the policy such as the influence of unpaid care, types of care received, funding levels and the role of wider support arrangements. Tangible benefits may results from direct payments but those benefits are highly dependent on policy implementation practices. Implementation of DPs should pay special attention to the balance between DP funded care and unpaid care.
Surgical outcomes of the thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum: a retrospective analysis of 61 cases
Authors: Yamada Tsuyoshi , Shindo Shigeo , Yoshii Toshitaka , Ushio Shuta , Kusano Kazuo , Miyake Norihiko , Arai Yoshiyasu , Otani Kazuyuki , Okawa Atsushi , Nakai Osamu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Thoracic ossification of ligamentum flavum (T-OLF), as one of the causes of thoracic myelopathy, is often combined with other spinal disorders. Concurrent lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LCS) is often obscured by symptoms due to T-OLF, leading to difficulty in identifying the origin of these neurological findings. It is common to be misdiagnosed or delayed diagnosis due to the complicated nature. We evaluated the prevalence, distribution, and clinical characteristics of OLF, especially in patients with LCS.

Methods
The authors performed a retrospective analysis of the outcomes of 61 patients who underwent thoracic surgeries performed for symptomatic T-OLF. In all the patients, whole spine lesions were evaluated preoperatively. We examined the factors related to poor outcomes (the recovery rate of the Japanese Orthopedic Association score for thoracic myelopathy is less than 40%) following OLF surgeries. We compared the clinical outcomes according to whether there was concurrent LCS, and determined the optimal surgical approach.

Results
The occurrence of T-OLF increased with age. Forty-six cases (75.4%) were considered to be tandem T-OLF and LCS (LCS group). An advanced age, and concurrent LCS were associated with a poor outcome after the surgery. The LCS group significantly included a greater number of elderly, and more light-weighted patients with Modic change in thoracic spine and a greater sagittal vertical axis, resulting in the lower neurological recovery. Additional lumbar surgery (13cases) effectively improved both the T-JOA and L-JOA scores (from 6.5 ± 2.0 points to 8.0 ± 1.8 points, p = 0.0406, and from 14.5 ± 4.7 points to 20.7 ± 2.6 points, p = 0.001, respectively) in OLF patients with LCS.

Conclusions
T-OLF was highly associated with other spinal disorders. Poor outcomes in T-OLF surgery could be associated with age and concurrent LCS, and an additional surgery for another lumbar lesion significantly improved neurological findings in T-OLF patients.
Concomitant hepatic tuberculosis and hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Alsaif Hind S. , Hassan Ali , Refai Osamah , Awary Khaled , Kussaibi Haitham , Ismail Mona H. , Alghnimi Ibrahim 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy that is strongly associated with chronic liver disease. Isolated hepatic tuberculosis is an uncommon type of tuberculosis. Concomitant occurrence of both conditions is extremely rare.

Case presentation
We report the case of a 47-year-old man who presented with fever and abdominal pain for 3 months prior to presentation. He reported a history of anorexia and significant weight loss. Abdominal examination revealed a tender, enlarged liver. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a solid heterogeneous hepatic mass with peripheral arterial enhancement, but no venous washout, conferring a radiological impression of suspected cholangiocarcinoma. However, a CT-guided biopsy of the lesion resulted in the diagnosis of concomitant HCC and isolated hepatic tuberculosis.

Conclusion
A rapid increase in tumor size should draw attention to the possibility of a concomitant infectious process. Clinicians must have a high index of suspicion for tuberculosis, especially in patients from endemic areas, in order to initiate early and proper treatment.
Delphi consensus on strategies in the management of opioid-induced constipation in cancer patients
Authors:   Working Group ActEIO Project, Sarrió Regina Gironés , Calsina-Berna Agnès , García Adoración Gozalvo , Esparza-Miñana José Miguel , Ferrer Esther Falcó , Porta-Sales Josep 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is a frequent and bothersome adverse event related with opioid therapy in cancer patients. Despite the high prevalence, medical management of OIC is often uncertain. The current project aimed to investigate expert opinion on OIC management and provide practical recommendations to improve the clinical approach of OIC in cancer patient.

Methods
A modified Delphi method was conducted involving 46 different physicians experts in OIC. Using a structured questionnaire of 67 items this project intended to seek consensus on aspects related to diagnosis, treatment, and quality of life of cancer patients suffering with OIC.

Results
After two rounds, a consensus was reached in 91% of the items proposed, all in agreement. Agreement was obtained on OIC definition (95.7%). Objective and patient-reported outcomes included in that definition should be assessed routinely in clinical practice. Responsive to symptom changes and easy-to-use assessment tools were recommended (87.2%). Successful diagnosis of OIC requires increase clinicians awareness of OIC and proactivity to discuss symptoms with their patients (100%). Successful management of OIC requires individualization of the treatment (100%), regular revaluation once is established, and keeping it for the duration of opioid treatment (91.5%). Oral Peripherally Acting μ-Opioid Receptor Agonists (PAMORAs), were considered good alternatives for the treatment of OIC in cancer patients (97.9%). This drugs and laxatives can be co-prescribed if OIC coexist with functional constipation.

Conclusions
The panelists, based on their expert clinical practice, presented a set of recommendations for the management of OIC in cancer patients.
Factors associated with measures of sarcopenia in pre and postmenopausal women
Authors: Rathnayake Nirmala , Alwis Gayani , Lenora Janaka , Lekamwasam Sarath 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Menopause associated low serum estradiol marks varieties of derangements in muscle mass and functions leading to sarcopenia. This cross-sectional study was carried out to examine the factors associated with measures of sarcopenia; skeletal muscle mass (SMM), muscle strength and physical performance (PP) in a group of premenopausal (PrMW) and postmenopausal women (PMW) selected from Sri Lanka.

Methods
Randomly selected 184 PrMW and 166 PMW from Galle district, Sri Lanka were studied. SMM was measured with duel energy X ray absorptiometry and relative appendicular SMM index (RSMI; kg/m2) was calculated. Other measurements made include handgrip strength (HGS; kg) and gait speed (GS; m/s), anthropometric indices, consumption of macro and micronutrients, and pattern of physical activities (PA). A serum sample was analyzed for fasting insulin, serum estradiol and vitamin D. Variables which significantly correlated with RSMI, HGS and GS of PrMW and PMW were separately entered into multiple linear regression models to extract the associated factors.

Results
Mean (SD) age of PrMW and PMW were 42.4 (6.0) and 55.8 (3.8) years respectively. In the regression analysis, RSMI in PrMW showed significant associations with body mass index (BMI), HGS, total-body-fat-mass (TBFM) and weight (adjusted R2 = 0.85) and in PMW with BMI, weight, TBFM, hip-circumference and fasting insulin (adjusted R2 = 0.80). BMI showed the strongest association with RSMI in both PrMW (r = 0.87, R2 = 0.76) and in PMW (r = 0.87, R2 = 0.76). HGS in PrMW showed significant associations with appendicular SMM (ASMM), total-body-bone-mineral-content, vigorous PA score, age and weight (adjusted R2 = 0.33) and in PMW with ASMM and height (adjusted R2 = 0.23). ASMM showed the strongest association with HGS in both PrMW (r = 0.44, R2 = 0.20) and PMW (r = 0.44, R2 = 0.20). GS in PrMW showed significant associations with height, BMI and energy consumption (adjusted R2 = 0.13) while in PMW, with carbohydrate consumption and total-body-bone-mineral-density (adjusted R2 = 0.09). While in PrMW, height showed the strongest association with GS (r = 0.28, R2 = 0.08) in PMW, it was carbohydrate consumption (r = 0.24, R2 = 0.06).

Conclusions
Factors that are associated with different measures of sarcopenia are not uniform and vary widely from anthropometry to nutrient intake indicating that these measures are somewhat independent and are governed by different factors.