bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to healthy dietary pattern and risk of kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Soltani Sepideh , Jayedi Ahmad 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Epidemiological studies show that adherence to healthy dietary patterns may be associated with a lower risk of decline in kidney function. However, existing evidence has not been quantitatively gathered. Pertinent observational studies investigating the association of adherence to a healthy dietary pattern, either priori-defined dietary pattern/indices or data-driven dietary patterns, with risk of kidney disease in the general population were identified by searching Medline and Scopus databases to May 28, 2018. A random-effects meta-analysis was applied. The analysis included eight prospective cohorts (5734 cases among 569,688 participants) and five cross-sectional studies (1955 cases among 16,614 participants). Higher adherence to a healthy dietary pattern (either priori-defined or data-driven dietary patterns) was associated with a 28% lower risk of kidney disease in the analysis of prospective cohort studies (RR = 0.72, 95 % CI = 0.58, 0.86; I2 = 71%, n = 8). A subgroup analysis based on definition of healthy dietary pattern resulted in significant inverse association only in the subgroup of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary pattern (RR: 0.74, 95 % CI: 0.54, 0.93; I2 = 73%, n = 5). A dose-response analysis indicated a monotonic inverse association between adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary pattern with risk of kidney disease. A 32% lower risk was observed in the analysis of cross-sectional studies (OR: 0.68, 95 % CI: 0.53, 0.83, I2 = 0%, n = 5). The findings suggest that higher adherence to a healthy dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of kidney disease.
A Comparison of Self-Harm Presentations to Emergency Services
Authors: Chartrand Hayley , Tefft Bruce , Sareen Jitender , Hiebert-Murphy Diane , Katz Laurence Y. , Kim Huntae , Bolton James M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Background: In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, the distinction between nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts (SA) is highlighted in the section of conditions for further study. Aims: The objective of this study was to examine the correlates of people who presented to emergency departments (ED) with NSSI compared with those who presented with SA and no self-harm or suicidal ideation (no SH or SI). Method: Data came from 4,772 presentations to ED of tertiary care hospitals in Manitoba, Canada, between January 2009 and June 2012. Chart reviews were conducted for presentations with NSSI ( n = 158), and a sample of SA ( n = 172) and no SH or SI ( n = 173). Results: NSSI was associated with borderline personality traits/disorders, previous history of SH, and aggression/impulsivity compared with no SH or SI. SA was associated with a lower likelihood of adjustment disorder ( OR = 0.58; 95 % CI [0.34, 0.99]) and previous history of NSSI ( OR = 0.30; 95 % CI [0.17, 0.53]) compared with NSSI. Limitations: A limitation of this study is its cross-sectional design. Conclusion: Given the distress associated with NSSI, the findings highlight the need for treatment plans that address all those who present to ED with SH regardless of intent.
A Sensitivity Study of Arctic Air‐Mass Transformation Using Large Eddy Simulation
Authors: Dimitrelos Antonios , Ekman Annica M.L. , Caballero Rodrigo , Savre Julien 
Published: March 2020

AbstractArctic air mass transformation is linked to the evolution of low‐level mixed‐phase clouds. These clouds can alter the structure of the boundary layer and modify the surface energy budget. In this study, we use three‐dimensional large eddy simulation and a bulk sea ice model to examine the lifecycle of clouds formed during wintertime advection of moist and warm air over sea ice, following a Lagrangian perspective. We investigate the stages of cloud formation, evolution, and decay. The results show that radiative cooling at the surface gives rise to fog formation which subsequently rises and transforms into a mixed‐phase cloud. In our baseline simulation, the cloud persists for about 5 days and increases the surface temperature by on average 17 °C. Sensitivity tests show that the lifetime of the cloud is sensitive to changes in the vapor supply at cloud top. This flux is mainly impacted by changes in the divergence rate; an imposed convergence decreases the lifetime to 2 days while an imposed large‐scale divergence increases the lifetime to more than 6 days. The largest difference in cloud radiative properties is found in the experiment with increased ice crystal number concentrations. In this case, the lifetime of the cloud is similar compared to baseline but the amount of liquid water is clearly depleted throughout the whole cloud sequence and the surface temperature is on average 6 °C cooler. The cloud condensation nuclei concentration has a weaker effect on the radiative properties and lifetime of the cloud.
Performance of Radiative Transfer Models in the Microwave Region
Authors: Moradi Isaac , Goldberg Mitchell , Brath Manfred , Ferraro Ralph , Buehler Stefan A. , Saunders Roger , Sun Ninghai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe compared two fast radiative transfer models, Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) and Radiative Transfer for TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (RTTOV), with the LBL model Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS). We used the measurements from Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) and the Global Precipitation Measurement Microwave Imager (GMI) for evaluation of the radiative transfer models. The models in comparison with the observations and each other performed very well with a mean difference less than 0.5 K for the temperature sounding channels operating near the oxygen absorption band at 60 GHz. There was a difference of up to 1 K among the models as well as compared with the observations for humidity sounding channels operating around water vapor absorption line at 183 GHz. The mean difference between the simulations and observations was up to 6 K for surface sensitive channels. Water vapor and surface sensitive channels also showed to be more sensitive than the temperature sounding channels to the spectroscopy models used to calculate the absorption coefficients. There was a small difference, less than 0.1 K, between brightness temperatures calculated using traditional boxcar and actual Sensor or Spectral Response Functions, except for a difference of 0.25 K for ATMS Channel 6. Double difference technique showed about 1 K difference between water vapor channels from ATMS instruments onboard N20 and National Polar‐orbiting Partnership (NPP). However, comparison of a new version of ATMS/NPP observations recently generated using an enhanced calibration algorithm with ATMS/N20 observations showed that the differences between the two instruments are less than 0.5 K after improving the ATMS/NPP calibration.
Study of SO2 Pollution in the Middle East Using MERRA‐2, CAMS Data Assimilation Products, and High‐Resolution WRF‐Chem Simulations
Authors: Ukhov A. , Mostamandi S. , Krotkov N. , Flemming J. , da Silva A. , Li C. , Fioletov V. , McLinden C. , Anisimov A. , Alshehri Y. M. , Stenchikov G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOil recovery, power generation, water desalination, gas flaring, and traffic are the main contributors to SO emissions in the Middle East (ME). Satellite observations suggest that the traditional emission inventories do not account for multiple SO emission sources in the ME. This study aims to evaluate the most frequently used SO emission data sets over the ME by comparing high‐resolution regional model simulations and meteorology/chemistry assimilation products, MERRA‐2 and CAMS, with satellite and available ground‐based air‐quality observations. Here, we employ the WRF‐Chem‐3.7.1 regional meteorology‐chemistry model and conduct simulations for the period 2015–2016 with 10 km grid spacing using HTAP‐2.2 emission data sets and the new OMI‐HTAP data, which is based on the combination of the near‐surface SO emissions taken from the HTAP‐2.2 inventory with strong (>30 kt/year) SO point sources obtained from the satellite Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) observations. We find that conventional emission inventories (EDGAR‐4.2, MACCity, and HTAP‐2.2) have uncertainties in the location and magnitude of SO sources in the ME and significantly underestimate SO emissions in the Arabian Gulf. The WRF‐Chem, run in conjunction with the new OMI‐HTAP emissions, improves comparisons between the satellite and ground‐based SO observations. Our simulations show that SO surface concentrations in Jeddah and Riyadh frequently exceed European air‐quality limits. The ME generates about 10% of global anthropogenic SO emissions, on par with India. Therefore, the development of effective emission controls and improvement of air‐quality monitoring in the ME are urgently needed.
Evidence for Late Quaternary Deformation Along Crowleys Ridge, New Madrid Seismic Zone
Authors: Thompson Jobe Jessica A. , Gold Ryan D. , Briggs Richard W. , Williams Robert A. , Stephenson William J. , Delano Jaime E. , Shah Anjana , Minsley Burke 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe New Madrid seismic zone has been the source of multiple major (M ~7.0–7.5) earthquakes in the past 2 ka, yet the surface expression of recent deformation remains ambiguous. Crowleys Ridge, a linear ridge trending north‐south for 300+ km through the Mississippi Embayment, has been interpreted as either a fault‐bounded uplift or a nontectonic erosional remnant. New and previously published seismic reflection and shallow resistivity data show discontinuities at the ridge margins in Plio‐Pleistocene strata, yet the timing of most recent faulting and the lateral extent of these faults remain unknown. To assess Pleistocene‐to‐recent tectonic activity of Crowleys Ridge, we perform landscape‐scale geomorphic analyses, such as relief, slope, hypsometry, and drainage basin shape, on a 10‐m digital elevation model (DEM). North‐to‐south variations in geomorphic indices indicate Pleistocene‐to‐recent tectonic uplift of the southern ridge. Moreover, mapping on a <1‐m lidar‐derived DEM reveals scarps on late Pleistocene geomorphic surfaces. The scarps are primarily located along the southern ridge, trend parallel to the ridge margin discontinuously for 0.1–1 km, and vertically offset <56 ka surfaces 0.4 m with up to 6 m of tilting. These landscape‐scale patterns and scarps, integrated with discontinuities in the seismic reflection and resistivity data, provide evidence of low‐rate (<0.2 mm/year) late Quaternary tectonic activity along the southern segment of Crowleys Ridge. The interpretations agree with recent tectonic models suggesting southern Crowleys Ridge is a compressional step over in a right‐lateral fault system within the Reelfoot Rift.
Deformational Temperatures Across the Lesser Himalayan Sequence in Eastern Bhutan and Their Implications for the Deformation History of the Main Central Thrust
Authors: Grujic Djordje , Ashley Kyle T. , Coble Matthew A. , Coutand Isabelle , Kellett Dawn A. , Larson Kyle P. , Whipp David M. , Gao Min , Whynot Nicholas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe postulate that the inverted metamorphic sequence in the Lesser Himalayan Sequence of the Himalayan orogen is a finite product of its deformation and temperature history. To explain the formation of this inverted metamorphic sequence across the Lesser Himalayan Sequence with a focus on the Main Central Thrust (MCT) in eastern Bhutan, we determined the metamorphic peak temperatures by Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material and established the deformation temperatures by Ti‐in‐quartz thermobarometry and quartz c axis textures. These data were combined with thermochronology, including new and published 40Ar/39Ar ages of muscovite and published apatite fission track, and apatite and zircon (U‐Th)/He ages. To obtain accurate metamorphic, deformation, and closure temperatures of thermochronological systems, pressures and cooling rates for the period of interest were derived by inverse modeling of multiple thermochronological data sets, and temperatures were determined by iterative calculations. The Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material results indicate two temperature sequences separated by a thrust. In the external sequence, peak temperatures are constant across the structural strike, consistent with the observed hinterland‐dipping duplex system. In the internal temperature sequence associated with the MCT shear zone, each geothermometer yields an apparent inverted temperature gradient although with different temperature ranges, and all temperatures appear to be retrograde. These observations are consistent with the quartz microfabrics. Further, all thermochronometers indicate upward younging across the MCT. We interpret our data as a composite peak and deformation temperature sequence that formed successively and reflects the broadening and narrowing of the MCT shear zone in which the ductile deformation lasted until ~11 Ma.
Advances in targeted therapy for malignant lymphoma
Authors: Wang Li , Qin Wei , Huo Yu-Jia , Li Xiao , Shi Qing , Rasko John E. J. , Janin Anne , Zhao Wei-Li 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe incidence of lymphoma has gradually increased over previous decades, and it ranks among the ten most prevalent cancers worldwide. With the development of targeted therapeutic strategies, though a subset of lymphoma patients has become curable, the treatment of refractory and relapsed diseases remains challenging. Many efforts have been made to explore new targets and to develop corresponding therapies. In addition to novel antibodies targeting surface antigens and small molecular inhibitors targeting oncogenic signaling pathways and tumor suppressors, immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T-cells have been rapidly developed to target the tumor microenvironment. Although these targeted agents have shown great success in treating lymphoma patients, adverse events should be noted. The selection of the most suitable candidates, optimal dosage, and effective combinations warrant further investigation. In this review, we systematically outlined the advances in targeted therapy for malignant lymphoma, providing a clinical rationale for mechanism-based lymphoma treatment in the era of precision medicine.
Regulation of cancer stem cell properties, angiogenesis, and vasculogenic mimicry by miR-450a-5p/SOX2 axis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Jiaxuan , Chen Shengyuan , Zhuo Linghao , Zhu Yin , Zheng Haoxuan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGrowing evidence indicates that a small number of cancer cells express stem cell markers and possess stem cell-like properties that promote malignant progression. Sex-determining region Y-box2 (SOX2) is a stem cell transcription factor essential for maintaining the properties of cancer stem cell (CSC). As CSC properties have been associated with angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry (VM), we aimed to comprehensively investigate whether SOX2 regulates CSC properties, angiogenesis, and VM in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and its potential mechanism in this study. For this study, sphere formation assay, flow cytometry, cell survival analysis, tube formation, 3D culture, immunoblot, mouse model, and luciferase reporter assay were performed in vivo and in vitro. Expressions of SOX2 and miR-450a-5p in CRC tissue samples were examined through immunohistochemistry. First, the expression of SOX2 was not only associated with poor differentiation and prognosis but also promoted angiogenesis and VM. Knockdown of SOX2 ceased stemness properties, angiogenesis, and VM, along with decreased expression of CD133, CD31, and VE-cadherin as observed in functional experiments. Downregulation of SOX2 was found to inhibit tumorigenesis in vivo. Second, miR-450a-5p suppressed the expression of SOX2 by targeting its 3’UTR region directly and hence restrained SOX2-induced CSC properties, angiogenesis, and VM. Moreover, SOX2 overexpression preserved the miR-450a-5p-induced inhibition of CRC properties, angiogenesis, and VM. Finally, clinical samples exhibited a negative correlation between miR-450a-5p and SOX2. Patients with higher SOX2 and lower miR-450a-5p expressions had a poorer prognosis than patients with inverse expressions. Conclusively, we elucidated a unique mechanism of miR-450a-5p-SOX2 axis in the regulation of stemness, angiogenesis, and VM, which may act as a potential therapeutic practice in CRC.
Evolution and function of interleukin-4 receptor signaling in adaptive immunity and neutrophils
Authors: Heeb Lukas E. M. , Egholm Cecilie , Boyman Onur 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, signaling via the IL-4 receptor (IL-4R), orchestrate type 2 immunity to helminth infections and toxins. Activation of epithelial and myeloid cells, and a transient neutrophils influx initiates type 2 immune responses, which are dominated by basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, B cell immunoglobulin E production, and type 2 T helper and T follicular helper cells. Interestingly, IL-4 and IL-13 can curtail chemotaxis and several effector functions of neutrophils in mice and humans. This inhibitory role of IL-4 and IL-13 probably developed to limit tissue damage by neutrophils during type 2 immunity where a “weep and sweep” response aims at expulsion and decreased fecundity, instead of killing, of macroparasites. Here, we review when IL-4R signaling cytokines appeared during evolution relative to neutrophils and adaptive immunity. Neutrophil-like granular phagocytes were present in invertebrates throughout the bilaterian clade, but we were unable to find data on IL-4, IL-13, or their receptors in invertebrates. Conversely, vertebrates had both adaptive immunity and IL-4, IL-13, and IL-4Rs, suggesting that type 2 cytokines evolved together with adaptive immunity. Further studies are necessary to determine whether IL-4R signaling in neutrophils was established simultaneously with the appearance of adaptive immunity or later.
An andesitic source for Jack Hills zircon supports onset of plate tectonics in the Hadean
Authors: Turner Simon , Wilde Simon , Wörner Gerhard , Schaefer Bruce , Lai Yi-Jen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe composition and origin of Earth’s early crust remains hotly debated. Here we use partition coefficients to invert the trace element composition of 4.3–3.3 Gyr Jack Hills zircons to calculate the composition of the melts from which they crystallised. Using this approach, the average SiO2 content of these melts was 59 ± 6 wt. % with Th/Nb, Dy/Yb and Sr/Y ratios of 2.7 ± 1.9, 0.9 ± 0.2 and 1.6 ± 0.7, respectively. Such features strongly indicate that the protolith for the Jack Hills zircons was not an intra-plate mafic rock, nor a TTG (tondjhemite-tonalite-granodiorite) or a Sudbury-like impact melt. Instead, the inferred equilibrium melts are much more similar to andesites formed in modern subduction settings. We find no evidence for any secular variation between 4.3 and 3.3 Gyr implying little change in the composition or tectonic affinity of the Earth’s early crust from the Hadean to Mesoarchaean.
Heterogeneous photoredox flow chemistry for the scalable organosynthesis of fine chemicals
Authors: Yang Can , Li Run , Zhang Kai A. I. , Lin Wei , Landfester Katharina , Wang Xinchen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLarge-scale photochemical synthesis of high value chemicals under mild conditions is an ideal method of green chemical production. However, a scalable photocatalytic process has been barely reported due to the costly preparation, low stability of photosensitizers and critical reaction conditions required for classical photocatalysts. Here, we report the merging of flow chemistry with heterogeneous photoredox catalysis for the facile production of high value compounds in a continuous flow reactor with visible light at room temperature in air. In the flow reactor system, polymeric carbon nitrides, which are cheap, sustainable and stable heterogeneous photocatalysts, are immobilized onto glass beads and fibers, demonstrating a highly flexible construction possibility for devices of the photocatalytic materials. As an example of the production of high value chemicals, important chemical structures such as cyclobutanes, which are basic building blocks for many pharmaceutical compounds, like magnosalin, are synthesized in flow with high catalytic efficiency and stability.
Polymer brush hypersurface photolithography
Authors: Carbonell Carlos , Valles Daniel , Wong Alexa M. , Carlini Andrea S. , Touve Mollie A. , Korpanty Joanna , Gianneschi Nathan C. , Braunschweig Adam B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPolymer brush patterns have a central role in established and emerging research disciplines, from microarrays and smart surfaces to tissue engineering. The properties of these patterned surfaces are dependent on monomer composition, polymer height, and brush distribution across the surface. No current lithographic method, however, is capable of adjusting each of these variables independently and with micrometer-scale resolution. Here we report a technique termed Polymer Brush Hypersurface Photolithography, which produces polymeric pixels by combining a digital micromirror device (DMD), an air-free reaction chamber, and microfluidics to independently control monomer composition and polymer height of each pixel. The printer capabilities are demonstrated by preparing patterns from combinatorial polymer and block copolymer brushes. Images from polymeric pixels are created using the light reflected from a DMD to photochemically initiate atom-transfer radical polymerization from initiators immobilized on Si/SiO2 wafers. Patterning is combined with high-throughput analysis of grafted-from polymerization kinetics, accelerating reaction discovery, and optimization of polymer coatings.
Liquid-liquid phase separation and extracellular multivalent interactions in the tale of galectin-3
Authors: Chiu Yi-Ping , Sun Yung-Chen , Qiu De-Chen , Lin Yu-Hao , Chen Yin-Quan , Kuo Jean-Cheng , Huang Jie-rong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLiquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) explains many intracellular activities, but its role in extracellular functions has not been studied to the same extent. Here we report how LLPS mediates the extracellular function of galectin-3, the only monomeric member of the galectin family. The mechanism through which galectin-3 agglutinates (acting as a “bridge” to aggregate glycosylated molecules) is largely unknown. Our data show that its N-terminal domain (NTD) undergoes LLPS driven by interactions between its aromatic residues (two tryptophans and 10 tyrosines). Our lipopolysaccharide (LPS) micelle model shows that the NTDs form multiple weak interactions to other galectin-3 and then aggregate LPS micelles. Aggregation is reversed when interactions between the LPS and the carbohydrate recognition domains are blocked by lactose. The proposed mechanism explains many of galectin-3’s functions and suggests that the aromatic residues in the NTD are interesting drug design targets.