bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy and repeatability of wrist joint angles in boxing using an electromagnetic tracking system
Authors: Gatt Ian T. , Allen Tom , Wheat Jon 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe hand-wrist region is reported as the most common injury site in boxing. Boxers are at risk due to the amount of wrist motions when impacting training equipment or their opponents, yet we know relatively little about these motions. This paper describes a new method for quantifying wrist motion in boxing using an electromagnetic tracking system. Surrogate testing procedure utilising a polyamide hand and forearm shape, and in vivo testing procedure utilising 29 elite boxers, were used to assess the accuracy and repeatability of the system. 2D kinematic analysis was used to calculate wrist angles using photogrammetry, whilst the data from the electromagnetic tracking system was processed with visual 3D software. The electromagnetic tracking system agreed with the video-based system (paired t tests) in both the surrogate (< 0.2°) and quasi-static testing (< 6°). Both systems showed a good intraclass coefficient of reliability (ICCs > 0.9). In the punch testing, for both repeated jab and hook shots, the electromagnetic tracking system showed good reliability (ICCs > 0.8) and substantial reliability (ICCs > 0.6) for flexion–extension and radial-ulnar deviation angles, respectively. The results indicate that wrist kinematics during punching activities can be measured using an electromagnetic tracking system.
Pore pressure prediction using seismic velocity modeling: case study, Sefid-Zakhor gas field in Southern Iran
Authors: Bahmaei Zahra , Hosseini Erfan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPore pressure estimation is important for both exploration and drilling projects. During the exploration phase, a prediction of pore pressure can be used to evaluate exploration risk factors including the migration of formation fluids and seal integrity. To optimize drilling decisions and well planning in abnormal pressured areas, it is essential to carry out pore pressure predictions before drilling. Mud weight and fracture gradient are essential parameters to have wellbore stability, prevent blowout, lost circulation, kick, sand production and reservoir damages. Predrill pore pressure accurate prediction allows the appropriate mud weight to be selected and allows the casing program to be optimized, thus enabling safety by preventing wellbore collapse and economic drilling by reducing the cost. The goal of this study is to estimate pore pressure relation with subsurface velocity in the Sefid-Zakhor gas field. Manufactured sonic logs are modified using the check shot interval velocity of Sefid-Zakhor well No. 1. The final acoustic impedance model is converted to the velocity model by removing density. Finally, the velocity model is converted to pore pressure using Bowers (in: IADC/SPE drilling conference proceedings, 1995) relation. The results of the pore pressure model are validated by pore pressure data obtained by the MDT well test tool. Generally, the results show the normal trend for pore pressure in the area, except in the left side of the anticline in the 2D seismic section, because of tectonic uplifting.
Adsorptive desulfurization of diesel using activated sewage sludge: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics studies
Authors: Aribike David Stan , Usman Mohammed Awwalu , Oloruntoba Mojirade M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCombustion of fossil fuels gives rise to sulfur oxides, which are harmful to the environment. Adsorptive desulfurization (ADS) of diesel was conducted using sewage sludge activated with H2O2as the oxidizing agent. A full 22central composite response surface design was employed to determine optimum conditions for the production of activated sewage sludge (ASS). The adsorbent (ASS) was characterized using SEM, EDX and FTIR and the results of the analysis showed that it has the capacity to desulfurize diesel significantly. The ASS was subsequently used to conduct batch ADS of diesel with a view to investigate the kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics of the process. The optimum conditions established for the production of ASS using H2O2as the oxidizing agent were: temperature 400 °C and holding time 60 min. The Elovich model gave the best fit to the kinetic data of the ADS of diesel using ASS, while the equilibrium study showed that the Freundlich isotherm fitted the data at 35 °C better than Temkin and Langmuir isotherms. The positive values of the free energy and enthalpy changes revealed that the process was non-spontaneous and endothermic, respectively, while the negative entropy change is evidence of decrease in randomness of the adsorbed species. 33% desulfurization was achieved in 100 min during ADS of diesel showing that the adsorbent developed by activating SS with H2O2was very good and effective. Thus, ASS can be used to gain more insight into kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics of the ADS of middle-distillate petroleum fractions.
Insights on genomic diversity of Vibrio spp. through Pan-genome analysis
Authors: Nathamuni Suganya , Jangam Ashok Kumar , Katneni Vinaya Kumar , Selvaraj Ashok , Krishnan Karthic , Kumar Sujeet , Avunje Satheesha , Balasubramaniam Sivamani , Grover Monendra , Alavandi Shankar V. , Koyadan Vijayan K. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
The aquaculture sector is a major contributor to the economic and nutritional security for a number of countries. India’s total seafood exports for the year 2017–2018 accounted for US$ Million 7082. One of the major setbacks in this sector is the frequent outbreaks of diseases often due to bacterial pathogens. Vibriosis is one of the major diseases caused by bacteria of Vibrio spp., causing significant economic loss to the aquaculture sector. The objective of this study was to understand the genetic composition of Vibrio spp.

Methods
Thirty-five complete genomes were downloaded from GenBank comprising seven vibrio species, namely, Vibrio alginolyticus, V. anguillarum, V. campbellii, V. harveyi, V. furnissii, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus. Pan-genome analysis was carried out with coding sequences (CDS) generated from all the Vibrio genomes. In addition, genomes were mined for genes coding for toxin-antitoxin systems, antibiotic resistance, genomic islands, and virulence factors.

Results
Results revealed an open pan-genome comprising of 2004 core, 8249 accessory, and 6780 unique genes. Downstream analysis of genomes and the identified unique genes resulted in 312 antibiotic resistance genes, 430 genes coding for toxin and antitoxin systems along with 4802, and 4825 putative virulent genes from genomic island regions and unique gene sets, respectively.

Conclusion
Pan-genome and other downstream analytical procedures followed in this study have the potential to predict strain-specific genes and their association with habitat and pathogenicity.
Synthesis of plate-like β-tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles and their efficiency in remineralization of incipient enamel caries
Authors: Seyedlar Roghayyeh Marefat , Rezvani Mohammadbagher , Barari Samira , Imani Mohammad , Nodehi Azizollah , Atai Mohammad 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to synthesize nano-sized β-tricalcium phosphate (nano-TCP) particles and determine its concentration-dependent properties on incipient enamel caries lesions. Nano-TCP was synthesized as a wet chemical through a method using low concentration of precursors and low addition rate of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate as a second phase. Morphology and phase composition of the particles were analyzed by SEM, XRD, and EDXA techniques. Incipient enamel lesions were created in human premolars with an acidic buffer. The teeth were then incubated in aqueous dispersions of nano-TCP as remineralization solutions. Sodium fluoride solution and deionized water were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. The quality and thickness of the remineralized layer on enamel were investigated using SEM. The data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey’s test. The synthesized nano-TCP mostly consisted of porous platelet-like crystals of 50–100 nm thickness and pore diameters of 100–300 nm. SEM observation showed that a homogenous layer was formed on the surface of the enamels remineralized in nano-TCP solutions. The thickness of the mineralized layer was dependent on the incubation time and nano-TCP concentration.
Algorithmic approaches to clonal reconstruction in heterogeneous cell populations
Authors: Ismail Wazim Mohammed , Nzabarushimana Etienne , Tang Haixu 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundThe reconstruction of clonal haplotypes and their evolutionary history in evolving populations is a common problem in both microbial evolutionary biology and cancer biology. The clonal theory of evolution provides a theoretical framework for modeling the evolution of clones.ResultsIn this paper, we review the theoretical framework and assumptions over which the clonal reconstruction problem is formulated. We formally define the problem and then discuss the complexity and solution space of the problem. Various methods have been proposed to find the phylogeny that best explains the observed data. We categorize these methods based on the type of input data that they use (space‐resolved or time‐resolved), and also based on their computational formulation as either combinatorial or probabilistic. It is crucial to understand the different types of input data because each provides essential but distinct information for drastically reducing the solution space of the clonal reconstruction problem. Complementary information provided by single cell sequencing or from whole genome sequencing of randomly isolated clones can also improve the accuracy of clonal reconstruction. We briefly review the existing algorithms and their relationships. Finally we summarize the tools that are developed for either directly solving the clonal reconstruction problem or a related computational problem.ConclusionsIn this review, we discuss the various formulations of the problem of inferring the clonal evolutionary history from allele frequeny data, review existing algorithms and catergorize them according to their problem formulation and solution approaches. We note that most of the available clonal inference algorithms were developed for elucidating tumor evolution whereas clonal reconstruction for unicellular genomes are less addressed. We conclude the review by discussing more open problems such as the lack of benchmark datasets and comparison of performance between available tools.
A Randomized Study Comparing Video-Based Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy With Video-Based Traditional Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in a Sample of Women Struggling to Achieve Orgasm
Authors: Adam Françoise , De Sutter Pascal , Day James , Grimm Elise 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionThis study examines the effectiveness of integrating mindfulness-based techniques within therapy for women suffering to achieve orgasm. Although widely applied in psychotherapy, this approach has only recently been introduced in the treatment of female sexual dysfunction.AimTo compare the effectiveness of a video-based self-administered treatment, rooted within the cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) framework, with a video-based self-administered mindfulness treatment applying cognitive behavioral sexual therapy (mindfulness-based cognitive therapy), the latter of which was specifically created to increase women's ability to achieve orgasm.MethodsA convenience sample of 65 women suffering from difficulties to achieve orgasm, aged 18 to 58 years (mean = 32.66, standard deviation = 9.48), were randomly allocated using a randomization procedure to either a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (N = 35) or CBT (N = 30) group. Each participant completed questionnaires before and after the start of treatment and 2 months after its completion.Main Outcome MeasureWe applied repeated-measure general linear models to compare the 2 groups (ie, between participant factor) on each dependent variable across time (ie, the within-participant factor). Compare mean analyses for paired samples were only conducted when the interaction effect between condition and time was significant (ie, P &lt;.05).ResultsStatistical analyses show that women in both groups presented increased sexual functioning (P = .001) and decreased sexual distress (P &lt; .001), as well as improved desire, arousal, orgasm, and sexual satisfaction (P &lt; .05) after their respective treatments. Contrary to our hypothesis, significant reductions in sexual pain were only observed in CBT participants.Clinical ImplicationsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to apply a randomized allocation procedure to evaluate the effectiveness of a video-based mindfulness intervention for women struggling to achieve orgasm. These results should guide clinicians' decisions with respect to evaluating the relevance and the real added value of proposing mindfulness exercises to their patients with such difficulties.ConclusionWhen women suffering from difficulties to achieve orgasm are randomly assigned to a mindfulness group or an active control, improvements in sexual functioning and reductions in sexual distress can be observed after both treatments.
Reading Pornography: Methodological Considerations in Evaluating Pornography Research
Authors: Fisher William A. , Kohut Taylor 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionWith the emergence of rapidly expanding access to sexually explicit materials, research concerning pornography prevalence, pornography content, pornography users, and pornography effects has increased steadily among scientists and clinicians. Findings in this research area are often inconsistent and controversial.AimThe current discussion aims to assist scientists and clinicians to “read pornography—that is, pornography research—” from an appropriately rigorous scientific perspective, so that we may approach work in this area with a clearer understanding of the often contested evidence base and a clearer understanding of what science can, and cannot, tell us, at present, about pornography prevalence, content, users, and effects.MethodsDiscussion focuses on the critical implications, for scientific validity and clinical application, of variations in research design, participant sampling, conceptual and operational definitions of “pornography” and “use,” measurement of sexually violent content, and measurement of pornography use effects.ResultsFailure to acknowledge the implications of research design limitations and heterogeneity of conceptual and operational definitions of pornography have resulted in an inconsistent and contested evidence base in this area.Clinical ImplicationsClinicians must rigorously evaluate the published literature concerning pornography, according to classical principles of scientific research, before clinical application of diverse and inconsistent research claims.Strength & LimitationsThis analysis brings to bear classic scientific considerations in attempting to strengthen critical reading and research contributions in the area of pornography prevalence, content, users, correlates, and effects. Many of the assertions and suggestions contained in this discussion await empirical verification.ConclusionRigorous application of basic scientific research principles should guide the evaluation and conduct of research concerning pornography prevalence, content, users, covariates, and effects.
Bayesian Reconstruction of Past Land Cover From Pollen Data: Model Robustness and Sensitivity to Auxiliary Variables
Authors: Pirzamanbein Behnaz , Poska Anneli , Lindström Johan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRealistic depictions of past land cover are needed to investigate prehistoric environmental changes, effects of anthropogenic deforestation, and long‐term land cover‐climate feedbacks. Observation‐based reconstructions of past land cover are rare, and commonly used model‐based reconstructions exhibit considerable differences. Recently, Pirzamanbein et al. (2018, 10.1016/j.spasta.2018.03.005, Spatial Statistics, 24:14–31) developed a statistical interpolation method that produces spatially complete reconstructions of past land cover from pollen assemblage. These reconstructions incorporate a number of auxiliary data sets raising questions regarding the method's sensitivity to different auxiliary data sets. Here the sensitivity of the method is examined by performing spatial reconstructions for northern Europe during three time periods (1900 CE, 1725 CE, and 4000 BCE). The auxiliary data sets considered include the most commonly utilized sources of past land cover data—for example, estimates produced by a dynamic vegetation model and anthropogenic land cover change models. Five different auxiliary data sets were considered, including different climate data driving the dynamic vegetation model and different anthropogenic land cover change models. The resulting reconstructions were evaluated using cross validation for all the time periods. For the recent time period, 1900 CE, the different land cover reconstructions were also compared against a present day forest map. The validation confirms that the statistical model provides a robust spatial interpolation tool with low sensitivity to differences in auxiliary data and high capacity to capture information in the pollen‐based proxy data. Further auxiliary data with high spatial detail improves model performance for areas with complex topography or few observations.
Brain gray matter network organization in psychotic disorders
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Lei Du , Keedy Sarah K. , Ivleva Elena I. , Eum Seenae , Yao Li , Tamminga Carol A. , Clementz Brett A. , Keshavan Matcheri S. , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Gershon Elliot S. , Bishop Jeffrey R. , Gong Qiyong , Lui Su , Sweeney John A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAbnormal neuroanatomic brain networks have been reported in schizophrenia, but their characterization across patients with psychotic disorders, and their potential alterations in nonpsychotic relatives, remain to be clarified. Participants recruited by the Bipolar and Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes consortium included 326 probands with psychotic disorders (107 with schizophrenia (SZ), 87 with schizoaffective disorder (SAD), 132 with psychotic bipolar disorder (BD)), 315 of their nonpsychotic first-degree relatives and 202 healthy controls. Single-subject gray matter graphs were extracted from structural MRI scans, and whole-brain neuroanatomic organization was compared across the participant groups. Compared with healthy controls, psychotic probands showed decreased nodal efficiency mainly in bilateral superior temporal regions. These regions had altered morphological relationships primarily with frontal lobe regions, and their network-level alterations were associated with positive symptoms of psychosis. Nonpsychotic relatives showed lower nodal centrality metrics in the prefrontal cortex and subcortical regions, and higher nodal centrality metrics in the left cingulate cortex and left thalamus. Diagnosis-specific analysis indicated that individuals with SZ had lower nodal efficiency in bilateral superior temporal regions than controls, probands with SAD only exhibited lower nodal efficiency in the left superior and middle temporal gyrus, and individuals with psychotic BD did not show significant differences from healthy controls. Our findings provide novel evidence of clinically relevant disruptions in the anatomic association of the superior temporal lobe with other regions of whole-brain networks in patients with psychotic disorders, but not in their unaffected relatives, suggesting that it is a disease-related trait. Network disorganization primarily involving frontal lobe and subcortical regions in nonpsychotic relatives may be related to familial illness risk.
High voltage GaN p‐n diodes formed by selective area regrowth
Authors: Armstrong A.M. , Pickrell G.P. , Allerman A.A. , Crawford M.H. , Glaser C.E. , Smith T. , Abate V.M. 
Published: December 2019

GaN p‐n diodes were formed by selective area regrowth on freestanding GaN substrates using a dry etch, followed by post‐etch surface treatment to reduce etch‐induced defects, and subsequent regrowth into wells. Etched‐and‐regrown diodes with a 150 μm diameter achieved 840 V operation at 0.5 A/cm2 reverse current leakage and a specific on‐resistance of 1.2 mΩ·cm2. Etched‐and‐regrown diodes were compared with planar, regrown diodes without etching on the same wafer. Both types of diodes exhibited similar forward and reverse electrical characteristics, which indicate that etch‐induced defectivity of the junction was sufficiently mitigated so as not to be the primary cause for leakage. An area dependence for forward and reverse leakage current density was observed, suggesting that the mesa sidewall provided a leakage path.
Enhancing the lightning performance of overhead transmission lines with optimal EGLA and downstream shield wire placement in mountainous areas: a complete study
Authors: Ahmadi Mahmoud Eshagh , Niasati Mohsen , Barzegar‐Bafrooei Mohammad Reza 
Published: December 2019

Service unavailability of transmission lines, particularly in mountain areas due to the direct and indirect lightning strikes, is considered as a challenging issue within electric companies. Therefore, the efforts to mitigate the power outages caused by this phenomenon have been introduced. In this study, an attempt has been made to study the different types of externally gapped line arresters (EGLAs) considering the Pinceti model and discharge voltage curve. Based on the best selected EGLA, the installation effect of EGLA on the possibility of instance back‐flashover in different phases of the transmission line is investigated in the presence of downstream shield wire. For assessment, a double‐circuit 400 kV transmission line in a mountainous area is modelled in EMTP‐RV software. Then, an extensive analysis is carried out to verify the effectiveness of this method. The obtained results show the acceptable transmission line direct lightning protection can be achieved by four EGLAs in upper and middle phases with downstream shield wire. Although employing the downstream shield wires in the transmission line imposes more costs, but by using them, the scale and capability of EGLAs can be reduced.
Influence of protrusions on the positive switching impulse breakdown voltage of sphere‐plane air gaps in high‐altitude areas
Authors: Lv Fangcheng , Geng Jianghai , Qin Yuchen , Ding Yujian , Yao Xiuyuan , Zhou Songsong , Wang Ping 
Published: December 2019

The construction of ultra‐high‐voltage direct‐current power transmission projects in high‐altitude areas calls for the research into the discharge characteristics of the air gaps in the valve hall of a power converter station in such areas. Tests on the switching impulse discharge characteristics of the sphere‐plane air gap were conducted at Yangbajing test base (Tibet, China) at an altitude of 4300 m on conditions that there were burrs on the 1.3 m diameter shield balls. The discharge characteristics, under the influences of burrs with different lengths and locations, were obtained and compared with test data from low‐altitude areas. The results indicate that the arrangements of burrs with different lengths and locations can significantly reduce the switching impulse discharge voltage of sphere‐plane air gaps, while the voltage sag gradually decreased down with increasing burr length. Moreover, the larger the sphere‐plane air gap is, the smaller the influence of such burrs have. High altitude also substantially decreased the switching impulse discharge voltage of the air gap. When the surface of shield balls was smooth, the U50 saturation of the air gap was more significant than at low altitude; however, if there were burrs on the shield balls, the saturation effect was less significant.