bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapy with L-thyroxine and Omnadren after Cardiac Surgery. A Case Report
Authors: Stoitsev Georgi J. , Gavrilov Veselin , Manchev Georgi , Markov Boyan , Goranovska Valya , Tsankov Boris , Gegouskov Vassil 
Published: December 2019

Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgery produces systemic inflammatory response and catabolic state. Severe stress frequently causes abnormalities in thyroid hormones in the absence of primary thyroid disease, defined as sick euthyroid syndrome (SES).
Materials and methods: Supplementation therapy with thyroid and anabolic hormones in combination with an adequate nutritional support has been used to improve outcome in critically ill patient after cardiac surgery.
Results: Administration of thyroid and anabolic hormones significantly improved patient&rsquo;s condition.
Conclusions: Supplementation therapy with thyroid and anabolic hormones in combination with an adequate nutritional support could be used to improve hemodynamics, achieve transition to anabolic metabolism and enhance recovery, which could eventually help for a reduction in post-operative morbidity and mortality.
In vivo Biochemical Evaluation of Some Synthesize Thiazole Derivatives Containing Coumarin Moiety as Antioxidant and Antitumor Agents
Authors: Z. Mohammed F. , A. A. Barakat Lamiaa , M. Gad Emad , M. Shetya N. 
Published: December 2019

Background: Coumarin and thiazole derivatives have been used traditionally for many centuries. Because they have anti-tumor, antioxidant activities, and induced apoptosis.
Aim: The present study aims to investigate the in vivo antitumor, and antioxidant activities of potassium salt of 5-(4 -chlorophenyl)-2-[(7-hydroxy coumarin-3-ylethylidene) acetyl hydrazine]-1,3 thiazole (5a) and 5-(4 -chlorophenyl)-2-[(8-hydroxy coumarin-3-ylethylidene) acetyl hydrazine]-1,3 thiazole (5b).
Materials and Methods: Toxicity has been determined for the synthesized compound. Anti-cancer and anti-oxidant activities were studied through the evaluation of tumor cell viability, lifespan prolongation and antioxidant estimation.
Results: Doses of up to 500 mg/kg showed good protection in 5a and 5b compounds. Results of in vivo anti-tumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells for the compounds studied showed a significant reduction in the volume and number of ascites. And increased in life span. In therapeutic and preventive groups, compounds 5a and 5b have anti-oxidant properties by a significant decrease in malondialdehyde and significant increased catalase and GSH. Also, compounds 5a and 5b induced apoptosis by increase Caspase-3 and BCL-2 associated protein (BAX), Compared to the group of positive controls.
Conclusion: It was concluded that compounds 5a and 5b have a potent antitumor and antioxidant activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice.
Total Enzyme-substrate Complex Which Includes Product-destined Enzyme-substrate Complex
Authors: Udema Ikechukwu I. 
Published: December 2019

Background: There is no much interest in the determination of total enzyme-substrate complex concentration ([ES]T) which includes undissociated ES that is unaccounted for unlike the usual ES destined for transformation into free enzyme and product or substrate. The reason is speculatively as a result of the lack of awareness of such possibility via sequestration.
Objectives: 1) To derive on the basis of both reverse – and standard – quasi-steady – state assumptions equations for the determination of [ES]T which is not restricted to the complex which dissociates to product/substrate and free enzyme and 2) quantitate the value of [ES]T.
Methods: A theoretical research and experimentation using Bernfeld method to determine velocities of amylolysis with which to calculate relevant parameters.
Results: The [EST] is < [E] ( i. e. [ET] - [ES]); [EST] decreased with increasing [ST] and increased with increasing concentration of enzyme [ET] while the velocity of amylolysis, v and maximum velocity of amylolysis, vmax expectedly increased with increasing [ET] and [ST].
Conclusion: The equations for the determination of the total enzyme-substrate complex, free enzyme without any complex formation before and after dissociation of enzyme-complex into product and/or substrate and free enzyme were derived. The difference, [ET] - [ES] is a heterogeneous mixture of undissociated ES and free enzyme without any complex formation. This is the case because [ES] which dissociates into product is only a part of the total enzyme-substrate complex. There is a continuous formation of ES during and at the expiry of the duration of assay as long as there is no total substrate depletion.
Effect of Oral Administration of Diclofenac Sodium on Coagulation Factors and Some Hematological Parameters in Wister Rats
Authors: Zorte Abraham , Esima Jonathan , Helen Waribo , O. Onwuli, Donatus 
Published: December 2019

Diclofenac sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug often obtainable as a prescription drug or over the counter. It is very effective in the control of inflammation and pain due to arthritis or pains arising following many disease conditions because of its antipyretic, anti inflammatory and analgesic potentials. Despite the beneficial effects of diclofenac sodium, it has been implicated in some adverse effects. In this study, we examined the effect of acute and chronic administration of diclofenac sodium on some hematological (PCV, WBC differentials) and coagulation (prothrombin time, activated partial prothrombin time and platelets count) parameters of albino Wister rats using the standard methods. Twenty four Albino Wister rats were divided into three groups of 8 rats and grouped as control, acute study and chronic study. The rats were administered 0.2 mg of diclofenac sodium for 24 hours for acute and 3 weeks for chronic studies respectively. The rats were sacrificed and blood collected for analysis of PCV, WBC differentials, prothrombin time, activated partial prothrombin time and platelets count using the standard methods. Results show that acute administration of diclofenac sodium at 0.2 mg has no effect on hematological and coagulation parameters, but chronic administration could instigate significant reduction in PCV, platelets count, neutrophils and monocytes (p<0.001), while there is a significant increase in PT, INR, lymphocytes (p<0.001). Considering these alterations, it is advisable that this drug should be made a strictly prescription drug in order to prevent indiscriminate use of this medication and to prevent attendant anemia and coagulopathy that may follow chronic use.
Effect of Vernonia amygdalina Extracts and Meal on Colour, Physicochemical Properties and Microbial Load of Broiler Meat
Authors: Bilikis Hammed Adenike , Kehinde Tella Azeez 
Published: December 2019

Aims: This study was carried out to investigate the meat colour, physicochemical properties and microbial load of broiler meat fed Vernonia amygdalina extracts and meal.
Study Design: The experiment employed a complete randomized design; all data generated were subjected to analysis of variance, P=0.05.
Place and Duration of Study: The feeding trial of the study was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria while meat quality attributes were evaluated at Animal Products and Processing Laboratory, Department of Animal Science of the same institution between June and September, 2016.
Methodology: Twelve 8 weeks old broiler chickens with an average weight of 2.5±0.2 kg used in this study were obtained from an experimental unit where they were assigned to four treatments. Treatment 1 and treatment 2 were offered Vernonia amygdalina aqueous extract and ethanolic extract in drinking water respectively and leaf meal was added to the feed of treatment 3 in powdered form. Treatment 4 was offered water and feed without Vernonia amygdalina leaf meal or extracts. Meat produced from the carcass was refrigerated before being analyzed.
Results: The result revealed that supplementation of VA extract for T1 and T2 gave better meat physicochemical parameter compared to control. However, pH ranged from 5.51-5.87 and cooking loss (29.84 -37.19) were not significantly (P>0.05) different among the treatments. T2 (ethanolic extract) had the highest extract release volume. T1 (aqueous extract) had the highest meat swelling capacity (227.62) and water holding capacity (70.33). T3 (leaf meal) showed a significantly (P<0.05) lower lightness (L*) and yellowness b* while T1 (Aqueous extract) had higher redness (a*). Total viable count (TVC) of treatment 2 was significantly lower compared to others.
Conclusion: The result of these findings showed that the use of the ethanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina in water was able to inhibit microbial load and improve physicochemical properties of fresh meat compared to aqueous extract and VA leaf meal.
Intentions and Motivations of Entrepreneurship towards Sahid Institute of Tourism Students Who are Entrepreneurs
Authors: . Maryetti , Damanik Darmawan , Yenny Marya , X. Setiyo Wibowo F. 
Published: December 2019

Aims: Knowing the intentions and motivations that affect students in doing entrepreneurship during college.
Study Design: Descriptive.
Place and Duration of Study: Sahid Institute of Tourism, Pondok Cabe, Tangerang, between February 2018 and July 2018.
Methodology: The resource persons were students of Sahid Institute of Tourism who already had businesses and numbered 18 people, consisting of 11 men and 7 women, with an average age of 21-29 years, from the hotels department of 12 persons and from tourism management majors 2 persons. They are 12 entrepreneurs in the food and beverage sector, 2 people in the entertainment sector, 1 person is an entrepreneur in the field of clothing. 2 persons in the field of tourist travel services and 1 person in the field of catfish seedlings. The research method used was the survey method using a questionnaire containing closed questions, then recapitulated and described and linked using the theory used. Questionnaire distributed online.
Results: Intentions that affect students to run a business during college is achieving better results than before, as many as 77.8% of respondents who choose Achievement Needs. Whereas for Subjective Norm, respondents prefer family roles are 50%. Furthermore, in Self Efficacy, the most influential factor is self confidence, which is as much as 77.8% of respondents who choose. While for the demography factor, respondents prefer experience (family business background) and for the entrepreneurial intention factor, the line of business rather than working for others is the factor considered most influential by students in running their businesses. Motivation that encourages students to run a business during college is to have their own business to motivate ambition for freedom, as many as 77.8% of respondents who choose, while for self-realization motivation is to implement ideas / innovate, which is 66.7% of respondents who choose. And the motivation for pushing factors is to get better income, which is 100%.
Conclusion: Linked to Theory Push and Pull Factors which states that "Push" Entrepreneurs are those who are dissatisfied with their positions, for reasons unrelated to their entrepreneurial characteristics, pushes them to start a venture. "Pull" entrepreneurs are those who are lured by their new venture idea and initiate venture activity because of the attractiveness of the business idea and its personal implications, so student entrepreneurs at Sahid Institute of Tourism are classified as 'Pull' entrepreneurs and according to Muller's research (1995) , reveals that "pull" entrepreneurs are more successful than "push" entrepreneurs.
Cytotoxic Activity of Some Spirooxindole-4H-pyran Derivatives
Authors: Faghih Zeinab , Faghih Zahra , Divar Masoomeh , Khabnadideh Soghra 
Published: December 2019

Aims: Isatin is a honored scaffold and one of the most favorable class of heterocyclic systems that possesses many interesting biological activities and well-tolerated in humans. Here a series of fifteen spirooxindole-4H-pyran derivatives containing both isatin and pyran moieties (ICa-ICo) will be examine for their anti-cancer activity.
Study Design: Cytotoxic evaluation of some spirooxindole-4H-pyran derivatives in two cancerous cell lines.
Place and Duration of Study: Pharmaceutical Science Research Center and Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, between June 2018 and July 2019.
Methodology: MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic activities of these compounds. The anticancer properties of the tested compounds were determined using A549 and MCF-7 cell lines.
Results: Among the tested compounds ICc, ICd and ICf showed the best cytotoxic activities against both cancerous cell lines. Compounds ICh and ICj showed desirable cytotoxic activities against A549 cell line. Compound ICb showed desirable cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 cell line.
Conclusion: We conclude that the isatin-linked pyran analog can serve as a prototype molecule for further development of a new class of anticancer agents.
Microbial Ecology of Streams
Authors: Leff Laura G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStreams present microorganisms with a unique set of physical and chemical conditions. The most apparent is the unidirectional flow of water. Streams also have strong interconnections to the surrounding landscape and are often exposed to extensive anthropogenic disturbance. This article is divided into three main sections: diversity and composition of microbial communities, biogeochemical functions, and anthropogenic impacts. In terms of diversity, high‐throughput sequencing has transformed microbial ecology; yet, streams and some taxa are relatively understudied. The dynamic nature of streams and large temporal and spatial differences also create challenges for development of generalities. The roles of microbes in organic matter processing and nutrient cycling in streams are clear, and the fate of nutrients has a large impact on downstream processes, such as eutrophication. Humans impact streams in a variety of ways that, in turn, alter the physiochemical conditions and microbial ecology. Often these impacts are combined, such as multiple pollutants in a channelized stream, making it difficult to discern the cause and effect. Overall, microbes are central to function of stream ecosystems biogeochemically. This coupled with the importance of streams to humanity makes the study of stream microbial ecology crucial. Molecular methods are at the heart of microbial ecology, and studies of streams also benefit from this approach.
Fractals in Water and Water‐Related Processes
Authors: Lanza Luca G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSelf‐similar and fractal patterns and processes are very common in nature, and water has often a key role in their genesis or dynamics over relevant timescales. They are easily the result of searching for efficient solutions to occupy most of the available volume, connect the most locations on a surface, saving or dissipating energy, etc. After recalling the basic concepts of fractals and self‐similarity theories, this article presents the scaling features associated with the description of turbulence in fluids, as well as the multifractal structure of the rainfall process, and the scaling of natural forms and patterns deriving from the action of water on landscapes. The article also addresses the potential of fractal geometries in technical applications since the development of technological solutions based on fractal concepts is rather promising and constitutes one of the current frontiers of self‐similarity studies and applications in the water sector.
Sustainable Membrane Bioreactor Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Kim Jeonghwan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) has been widely applied for wastewater treatment and reuse. Many efforts have been made to achieve sustainability of the MBR technology with respect to energy reduction and effluent quality improvements. In this article, key aspects to enhance sustainability of the MBR technology in wastewater treatment and reuse applications are discussed. The MBR performance treating wastewaters is mainly limited by membrane fouling which is a long‐standing problem in the MBR operation. Recently, successful attempts have been made to develop fouling mitigation ways at low energy consumptions required. Breakthrough effects have been reported in the field of anaerobic MBR technology to achieve energy‐positive wastewater treatment process with enhancement in membrane permeate flux and recovery of bioenergy. Trace organic contaminants are becoming major concerns, particularly in wastewater reuse applications due to population growth and complexity of wastewater sources. To enhance both permeability quality and energy recovery, there is much attention to be addressed by innovating hybrid MBR systems while their economic feasibility still needs to be proven.
Hydrology of Wetlands
Authors: Brown Hugh J. , Haeft Jessi L. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Because wetlands have important functions and values, understanding their hydrology can lead to better management and enhance the success of restoration activities. The hydrogeomorphic classification of wetlands includes assessment of the main water sources and direction of flow for several types of wetlands. Movement of water in and out of wetlands is driven by potential gradients due to gravity, matric forces, and osmotic pressure. A key to wetland hydrology is the development of a water budget that covers inputs, outputs, and storage. Hydrology can be measured with precipitation gauges, monitoring wells, piezometers, gaging stations, and related devices. Hydrology can also be modeled with a variety of computer simulation models such as those that use geographical information systems. Soil and geologic properties influence the location of wetlands on the landscape with concave and convergent areas more likely to be wet. Management of wetlands is strongly influenced by their hydroperiod, which determines the plants that will be best suited for that area.
N
‐Nitrosodimethylamine (
NDMA
) Formation Mechanisms in Drinking Water Systems
Authors: Pham Huong T. , Wahman David G. , Zhang Wen , Fairey Julian L. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

N
‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) occurrence and formation pathways in drinking water systems are reviewed and NDMA yields are compared on the basis of disinfectant type, water chemistry, and precursor category. While NDMA formation is primarily associated with chloramination, it can form by ozonation, in which it is enhanced by bromide, and during chlorine dioxide disinfection. The reaction pathway for NDMA formation during ozonation involves reactive intermediates such as hydroxylamine, which may also be relevant to NDMA formation with other disinfectant types. In chloramination, despite monochloramine being the predominant species between pH 7 and 9, evidence suggests that dichloramine is the primary species involved in NDMA formation. This is somewhat confounding as NDMA yields are maximal at pH 9, yet at pH 9 dichloramine decays faster than it forms and hence is present at trace levels; additionally, the proposed mechanism involves a spin‐forbidden incorporation of dissolved oxygen as a triplet, which is presumably kinetically slow. This article reveals that kinetic data for NDMA formation is lacking, and its influence on chloramine chemistry has not been carefully considered.
Stable Isotopes in Precipitation
Authors: Hurst Shelby , Krishnamurthy R.V. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Application of stable isotopes in hydrological research has a long and well‐developed history almost coincident with the application of stable isotopes in marine‐based paleoclimate research. It would appear logical that isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen would serve as the best tracer in the understanding of the hydrologic cycle since the water molecules are made up of hydrogen and oxygen. Since precipitation is the main source of recharge for all surface and ground waters early focus was toward an understanding of factors that control the isotope ratios in precipitation. This resulted in the development of models that explained these factors very well and also provided a basis for using isotope record of continental deposits such as ice cores in paleoclimate research. Subsequent work generated models that sought to explain isotopic effects in such processes as evaporation and snow formation. All these studies utilized variations in
16
O,
18
O, and
2
H. Recent advances in analytical capabilities have made the determination of
17
O possible, which is rare in terms of abundance and potentially a powerful tool. In addition, advances in remote sensing has opened up new possibilities where it is possible to couple isotope data with atmospheric dynamics.
Basic Principles of Flow and Transport in Porous Media
Authors: Matyjasik Marek , Zaluski Marek Henryk 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article provides basic information about flow of water and solute transport in porous medium as it takes place in permeable geologic formations occurring below and above groundwater table. It starts with explanations of principle hydraulic laws and definitions of most essential terms including hydraulic head, Darcy's law, hydraulic conductivity, seepage velocity, heterogeneity and anisotropy of aquifers, confined and unconfined flow, steady and transient flow conditions as well as differences between saturated and unsaturated flow conditions. This knowledge applied together with geological information is useful to appreciate the importance of groundwater resources that are addressed using an example of their occurrence in the United States. A potential impact of industrialization on these resources is then addressed by providing information on advective‐dispersive and reactive fate and transport of solute (contaminant) in groundwater. The article concludes with a concise description and classification of mathematical models that are available to quantify the processes of groundwater flow and solute transport in aquifers.
Water Policy and Management in Chile
Authors: Prieto Manuel , Fragkou María Christina , Calderón Matías 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Chilean water model has been described as a textbook example of a successful free water market system that has promoted efficient water rights, allocation, and use. In this article, we seek to provide the reader with a general reference work on the creation, implementation, main features, and impacts of this model. To achieve this, we briefly describe the imposition of Chile's 1981 Water Code. This description provides the historical context for understanding its main characteristics. This makes it both unique and controversial. In continuation, we revise the main arguments for and against the model. Finally, we illustrate how the Chilean water model has operated on the ground by describing four different cases at distinct scales and that illustrate its social, political, and environmental repercussions.
Ecology of Polar Phytoplankton
Authors: Vernet Maria 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Polar phytoplankton dominate the surface waters of the Arctic and Antarctic. With relatively less bacteria and high productivity, microalgae have adapted to the extreme conditions of freezing temperatures and pronounced seasonality. Transitioning from long summer days to permanent darkness in the winter, polar phytoplankton responds rapidly to small changes in light intensity. Large diatom species are characteristics of these environments although small algae are the most abundant. Living in freezing waters, their growth is optimal in higher than ambient temperatures and they are expected to benefit from rising ocean temperatures.