bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Procedural Volume and Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
—
Report From the National Clinical Data (J‐PCI Registry)
Authors: Aikawa Tadao , Yamaji Kyohei , Nagai Toshiyuki , Kohsaka Shun , Kamiya Kiwamu , Omote Kazunori , Inohara Taku , Numasawa Yohei , Tsujita Kenichi , Amano Tetsuya , Ikari Yuji , Anzai Toshihisa 
Published: April 2020

Background

There is a limited evidence base to support the volume‐outcome relationship in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (
PCI
) for unprotected left main coronary artery disease (
UPLMD
). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between institutional and operator volume and in‐hospital outcomes in patients undergoing
PCI
for unprotected left main coronary artery disease.

Methods and Results

We analyzed characteristics and clinical outcomes of 24 320 patients undergoing
PCI
for unprotected left main coronary artery disease at 1102 hospitals by 7244 operators using data from the Japanese nationwide J‐PCI Registry (National PCI Data Registry) between January 2014 and December 2017. We classified institutions and operators into quartiles based on the mean annual volume of
PCI
. A generalized linear mixed‐effects model was used to evaluate the association between institutional and operator
PCI
volume and in‐hospital outcomes. Among the 24 320 patients, 4027 (16.6%), 6147 (25.3%), and 14 146 (58.2%) presented with
ST
‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction, non–
ST
‐segment–elevation acute coronary syndrome, and stable ischemic heart disease; their crude in‐hospital mortality was 15%, 3.1%, and 0.3%, respectively. Compared with patients in the lowest quartile of institutional volume (1–216
PCI
s/y), the adjusted odds ratio of in‐hospital death in patients in the second (217–323
PCI
s/y), third (324–487
PCI
s/y), and fourth (488–3015
PCI
s/y) quartile of institutional volume was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.51–1.10;
P
=0.14), 0.87 (95%
CI
, 0.57–1.34;
P
=0.54), and 0.51 (95%
CI
, 0.30–0.86;
P
=0.01), respectively. These findings were consistent in rates of in‐hospital death or any complication. Conversely, operator
PCI
volume was not significantly associated with in‐hospital outcomes.

Conclusions

Institutional rather than operator‐based
PCI
volume was associated with better in‐hospital outcomes in patients undergoing
PCI
for unprotected left main coronary artery disease.
Advancing Ethical Principles for Non-Invasive, Respectful Research with Nonhuman Animal Participants
Authors: Van Patter Lauren E. , Blattner Charlotte 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Animal studies scholars are increasingly engaging with nonhuman animals firsthand to better understand their lifeworlds and interests. The current 3R framework is inadequate to guide respectful, non-invasive research relations that aim to encounter animals as meaningful participants and safeguard their well-being. This article responds to this gap by advancing ethical principles for research with animals guided by respect, justice, and reflexivity. It centers around three core principles: non-maleficence (including duties around vulnerability and confidentiality); beneficence (including duties around reciprocity and representation); and voluntary participation (involving mediated informed consent and ongoing embodied assent). We discuss three areas (inducements, privacy, and refusing research) that merit further consideration. The principles we advance serve as a starting point for further discussions as researchers across disciplines strive to conduct multispecies research that is guided by respect for otherness, geared to ensuring animals’ flourishing, and committed to a nonviolent ethic.
Investigations on the Use of Limitations to Freedom of Religion or Belief in Brazil
Authors: Alves Pinto Thiago , Souza Alves Rodrigo Vitorino 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The present article analyses cases from top Brazilian courts and has received contributions from several scholars, practitioners, and public officials to better understand the use of limitations to freedom of religion or belief in the country. The Brazilian Constitution provides for the right to freedom of religion or belief as a fundamental right, and other domestic legislation regulate the right, including those implementing international human rights treaties that Brazil has ratified. These laws are easily accessible. Nevertheless, domestic courts seldom rely on such international instruments or the case-law of international bodies in their judgments. Therefore, although these instruments are in force in Brazil, domestic courts do not expressly use or refer to the clauses of permissible limitations of the relevant international and regional human rights instruments, creating a scenario with low levels of legal certainty for those seeking the protection of the right to freedom of religion or belief.
Permissible Limitations to Freedom of Religion and Belief in Nigeria
Authors: Garba Ahmed Salisu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The application of permissible limitations to restrict freedom of religion and belief in Nigeria continues to generate debate among scholars. This article applies a socio-legal methodology to analyse the legal rationale that Nigerian courts have used in cases concerning limitations to freedom of religion or belief. First, the article explores the history of the legal frameworks for the protection of freedom of religion and belief including its limitation in Nigeria. Second, the article analyses Nigerian courts’ interpretation of the concept with specific reference to the legal rational used. Third, the article investigates the application of the proportionality test to balance the regulatory power of the state and citizens’ right to practice their religion. The article engages with case-law on freedom of religion, mostly from High courts and Court of Appeal in Nigeria. The article contains contributions from several scholars, religious groups, public officials, Non-Governmental Organisations obtained through interviews at their various offices.
Are Turkey’s Restrictions on Freedom of Religion or Belief Permissible?
Authors: Yıldırım Mine 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This article constitutes a summary of the findings of an inquiry into the utilization of the restriction clause of freedom of religion or belief in the course of restriction of this right in Turkey. It demonstrates that FoRB is restricted in various ways by public authorities which rarely involve a systematic application of the FoRB restriction clause. Despite Turkey’s human rights obligations in the area of freedom of religion or belief and the high status conferred to international human rights law under Article 90 of the Turkish Constitution the impact of international provisions on the protection of FoRB in Turkey remains insufficient and inconsistent. The right to freedom of religion or belief has been restricted through measures based on “established practice”, decisions of public authorities based on laws and regulations not directly dealing with this right and court decisions that are not in full compliance with international law.
Yue Ren, Luli, and Anlu: the Tomb Occupant of Yunmeng Shuihudi Han Tomb No. 77 and the Village Where He Resided
Authors: Wei Chen , Dan Cai 
Published: April 2020

By examining the excavated bamboo slips and boards of Shuihudi 睡虎地 Western Han tomb no. 77 in Yunmeng 雲夢, it is possible to know that the name of the tomb occupant was Yue Ren 越人 and that he served as an Office Assistant 官佐 in Anlu 安陸 County from the ninth year (171 bce.) of the reign of Western Han Emperor Wendi 文帝 (r. 180–157 bce.) to the seventh year (157 bce.) of the Houyuan 後元 era (163–157 bce.) of his reign. In addition, we can understand a number of the actions and life events of Yue Ren and his colleagues and family members, and know that in the tenth month of the third year of the Houyuan era of Wendi’s reign (161 bce.), Yue Ren and his family moved their residence to Luli 路里. Moreover, by analyzing the slips and boards of tomb no. 77, and viewing these in connection with lacquerware items on which are inscribed two graphs spelling out “Luli” 路里 excavated from the Shuihudi Qin tombs, it can be concluded that from the Qin dynasty to the early Western Han dynasty, residents of Luli were entombed in the cemetery at Shuihudi. This provides what is currently the strongest evidence for arguing that the ancient walled town at Yunmeng 雲夢古城—also referred to as the “Walled Town of the Chu King” 楚王城—is the ruins of the walled town that was seat of Anlu County in the Qin and Han periods.
Quantification of the Radiative Effect of Aerosol–Cloud Interactions in Shallow Continental Cumulus Clouds
Authors: Glenn Ian B. , Feingold Graham , Gristey Jake J. , Yamaguchi Takanobu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The indirect radiative effect of aerosol variability on shallow cumulus clouds is realized in nature with considerable concurrent meteorological variability. Large-eddy simulations constrained by observations at a continental site in Oklahoma are performed to represent the variability of different meteorological states on days with different aerosol conditions. The total radiative effect of this natural covariation between aerosol and other meteorological drivers of total cloud amount and albedo is quantified. The changes to these bulk quantities are used to understand the response of the cloud radiative effect to aerosol–cloud interactions (ACI) in the context of concurrent processes, as opposed to attempting to untangle the effect of individual processes on a case-by-case basis. Mutual information (MI) analysis suggests that meteorological variability masks the strength of the relationship between cloud drop number concentration and the cloud radiative effect. This is shown to be mostly due to variation in solar zenith angle and cloud field horizontal heterogeneity masking the relationship between cloud drop number and cloud albedo. By combining MI and more traditional differential analyses, a framework to identify important modes of covariation between aerosol, clouds, and meteorological conditions is developed. This shows that accounting for solar zenith angle variation and implementing an albedo bias correction increases the detectability of the radiative effects of ACI in simulations of shallow cumulus.
Observation of Jet Stream Winds during NAWDEX and Characterization of Systematic Meteorological Analysis Errors
Authors: Schäfler Andreas , Harvey Ben , Methven John , Doyle James D. , Rahm Stephan , Reitebuch Oliver , Weiler Fabian , Witschas Benjamin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Observations across the North Atlantic jet stream with high vertical resolution are used to explore the structure of the jet stream, including the sharpness of vertical wind shear changes across the tropopause and the wind speed. Data were obtained during the North Atlantic Waveguide and Downstream Impact Experiment (NAWDEX) by an airborne Doppler wind lidar, dropsondes, and a ground-based stratosphere–troposphere radar. During the campaign, small wind speed biases throughout the troposphere and lower stratosphere of only −0.41 and −0.15 m s−1 are found, respectively, in the ECMWF and Met Office analyses and short-term forecasts. However, this study finds large and spatially coherent wind errors up to ±10 m s−1 for individual cases, with the strongest errors occurring above the tropopause in upper-level ridges. ECMWF and Met Office analyses indicate similar spatial structures in wind errors, even though their forecast models and data assimilation schemes differ greatly. The assimilation of operational observational data brings the analyses closer to the independent verifying observations, but it cannot fully compensate for the forecast error. Models tend to underestimate the peak jet stream wind, the vertical wind shear (by a factor of 2–5), and the abruptness of the change in wind shear across the tropopause, which is a major contribution to the meridional potential vorticity gradient. The differences are large enough to influence forecasts of Rossby wave disturbances to the jet stream with an anticipated effect on weather forecast skill even on large scales.
Survey of entity encounter experiences occasioned by inhaled N,N-dimethyltryptamine: Phenomenology, interpretation, and enduring effects
Authors: Davis Alan K , Clifton John M , Weaver Eric G , Hurwitz Ethan S , Johnson Matthew W , Griffiths Roland R 
Published: April 2020

Background: Experiences of having an encounter with seemingly autonomous entities are sometimes reported after inhaling N,N-dimethyltryptamine. Aim: The study characterized the subjective phenomena, interpretation, and persisting changes that people attribute to N,N-dimethyltryptamine-occasioned entity encounter experiences. Methods: Two thousand, five hundred and sixty-one individuals (mean age 32 years; 77% male) completed an online survey about their single most memorable entity encounter after taking N,N-dimethyltryptamine. Results: Respondents reported the primary senses involved in the encounter were visual and extrasensory (e.g. telepathic). The most common descriptive labels for the entity were being, guide, spirit, alien, and helper. Although 41% of respondents reported fear during the encounter, the most prominent emotions both in the respondent and attributed to the entity were love, kindness, and joy. Most respondents endorsed that the entity had the attributes of being conscious, intelligent, and benevolent, existed in some real but different dimension of reality, and continued to exist after the encounter. Respondents endorsed receiving a message (69%) or a prediction about the future (19%) from the experience. More than half of those who identified as atheist before the experience no longer identified as atheist afterwards. The experiences were rated as among the most meaningful, spiritual, and psychologically insightful lifetime experiences, with persisting positive changes in life satisfaction, purpose, and meaning attributed to the experiences. Conclusion: N,N-dimethyltryptamine-occasioned entity encounter experiences have many similarities to non-drug entity encounter experiences such as those described in religious, alien abduction, and near-death contexts. Aspects of the experience and its interpretation produced profound and enduring ontological changes in worldview.
Evaluation of Three Commercially Available Materials in Reducing the White Spot Lesions During Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bangi Sayeeda Laeque , Mohd. Mujeeb Uddin Mehraj , Konda Prasad , Talapaneni Ashok Kumar , Fatima Asma , Hussain Arshad 
Published: April 2020

Objectives: Treating white spot lesions (WSL) to create a sound and esthetically pleasing enamel surface is a question yet to be fully answered. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to measure and compare the degree of regression of WSL during orthodontic treatment achieved by using three commercially available materials. Methods: A single-blinded randomized prospective clinical trial, comprising 80 patients categorized into four groups (one control group and three experimental groups, with 20 subjects per group) using block randomization, was conducted. Group A (control group): Colgate strong toothpaste; and experiments groups were Group B: GC tooth mousse, Group C: Phos-Flur mouthwash and Group D: SHY-NM. Subjects were instructed to use the designated dentifrice/mouthwash and photographs were taken at baseline, third and sixth months, and white spot lesions were reassessed in the maxillomandibular anterior teeth. Results: All the three groups had shown an improvement in WSL. But Group B has shown the greatest difference in mean values of decalcification index (DI) scores. Conclusion: All three commercially available products showed a regression of WSL over a 6-month duration. GC tooth mousse proved to be the most effective means of treating WSL over other regimens.
Factors Affecting Satisfaction with the Process of Orthodontic Treatment in Young Adults: A Questionnaire Study
Authors: Zadake Sujit Navnath , Kangane Suresh K. , Ambekar Anand S. , Kondle Mahendra , Kalekar Radhika 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Recently, there has been an increase in adults undergoing orthodontic treatment in both the public and the private sector. Satisfaction during and after the orthodontic treatment process has not been widely discussed so far, however, and few research studies have emphasized patient satisfaction with treatment outcome and the factors affecting patient satisfaction. Aim: To investigate factors affecting patient satisfaction with the process of orthodontic treatment in young adults. Material and methods: Fifty-eight patients (33 girls and 25 boys with a mean age of 25.05 years, SD 2.83) were included in the survey. All patients were young adults who had completed their orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and were taken from two centers (a teaching hospital and a private practice). Data was collected using online survey forms and was analyzed using content thematic analysis. Five main factors were identified related to patient satisfaction with the process of orthodontic treatment: communication, faculty (orthodontist), physical surroundings, consultation/appointments, and impact of appliance treatment. Results: Effective communication was the most prominent factor among all five factors considered, especially detailed explanation given during treatment and making patients feel comfortable under their care. Median values were generally high for satisfaction with treatment results. There was a clear correlation ( p < 0.001) between patient satisfaction and treatment outcome. Age, sex and treatment time did not have any correlation with treatment satisfaction. Conclusion: In general, young adults were observed to be satisfied with the treatment process, and good communication played a dominant role in this. Though there were many differences in working models between public and private sectors, many similarities were observed when comparing the factors between the two centers.
Effects of Carbonated Drinks on Mechanical Properties of Three Types of Thermoplastic Aligner Materials: An In vitro Study
Authors: I. Leyona Pushpa Femina , B.S. Chandrashekar , A.V Arun , Raju Aravind S. , P.C. Ramesh Kumar , Shetty Balamohan 
Published: April 2020

Objectives: The aim was to assess the mechanical properties of the three types of thermoplastic aligner materials before and after in vitro aging with carbonated drinks. Materials and methods: Twelve samples of thermoplastic aligner materials produced by three different manufacturers (Leone S.P.A, Florence, Italy; Duran, SCHEU-dental GmbH, Iserlohn, Germany; Essix ACE, Dentsply Raintree Essix, United States) were selected. Samples were thermoformed and later aged in vitro at a constant temperature in artificial saliva along with carbonated drinks (10 min each day) for 2 weeks. The mechanical properties were characterized using universal testing machine such as instron (MultiTest 10-i) and the results were compared with the control groups (before exposure to carbonated drinks). Results: All the above-mentioned thermoplastic materials tested showed an insignificant ( p > 0.05) decrease in stiffness, yield strength, and elastic modulus after aging. The stiffness of the thermoplastic materials increased with an increase in thickness. The flexure modulus was higher for the thinner materials, whereas it was lower for the thicker materials. Conclusion: Experimental results indicate that the aligner material will remain stable during and following exposure to carbonated drinks, which suggests that the orthodontic force from thermoplastic appliances does not decrease with clinical usage of carbonated drinks.
Assessment of Sotalol and Dofetilide Dosing at a Large Academic Medical Center
Authors: Ting Clara , Malloy Rhynn , Knowles Danielle 
Published: April 2020

Background: Patients initiated on sotalol and dofetilide require inpatient monitoring and dose adjustments due to risks of corrected QT (QTc) prolongation and Torsades de pointes (TdP). Patients may receive higher initial doses than recommended due to close monitoring by specialized practitioners. The objective of this study was to describe prescribing practices of sotalol and dofetilide and to compare safety outcomes between standard and nonstandard dosing strategies. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective analysis of adult inpatients who underwent sotalol or dofetilide initiation between June 1, 2015, and August 1, 2018. The end points of this study included the percentage of patients who received standard and nonstandard dosing, incidence of QTc prolongation (≥500 milliseconds or ≥15% from baseline), incidence of TdP, and dose reduction or medication discontinuation. Results: A total of 379 patients (195 sotalol and 184 dofetilide) were included in this analysis. There were 110 (56.4%) patients in the sotalol group and 111 (58.4%) patients in the dofetilide group that received nonstandard initial dosing. Nonstandard dosing was associated with a greater incidence of QTc prolongation compared to standard dosing (57.5% vs 43.0%, P = .005). Only one patient in the nonstandard dosing group experienced TdP. Patients initiated on nonstandard dosing required dose reduction or therapy discontinuation (37.6% vs 23.4%, P = .003) more frequently. Conclusion: Higher than recommended initial doses of sotalol or dofetilide were associated with higher incidence of QTc prolongation and more frequent therapy modification.
Technical and Anatomical Considerations for Reproducible Inactivation of Large Animal Carcasses by Steam Sterilization
Authors: Schinköthe Jan , Bartram-Sitzius Benjamin , Teifke Jens-Peter , Pfitzner Ute , Reiche Sven 
Published: April 2020

Introduction: The complete inactivation of infectious tissues of large animal carcasses is one of the most challenging tasks in high-containment facilities. Steam sterilization is a method frequently in use to achieve biological inactivation of liquid and solid waste. Objective: This study aims to highlight parameters most effective in creating reproducible cycles for steam sterilization of pig and calf carcasses. Methods: Two pigs or 1 calf were sterilized by running a liquid cycle (n = 3) at 121°C for at least 120 minutes in a pass-through autoclave. To assess the physical and biological parameters, temperature data loggers and biological indicators (BIs) with spores of Geobacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC 7953) were placed at defined positions within animal carcasses. After completion of each cycle, data loggers were analyzed and BIs were incubated for 7 days at 60°C. Results: Initial testing with an undissected pig carcass resulted in suboptimal temperatures at the tissue level with growth on 1 BI. After modifications of the used stainless-steel boxes and by placing the reference probe of the autoclave in the animal carcass, reproducible cycles could be created. A complete inactivation of BIs and a temperature profile of >121°C for at least 20 minutes could be achieved in almost all probed tissues. Conclusion: Only minor modifications in carcass preparation and the used sterilization equipment resulted in effective and reproducible cycles to inactivate large animal carcasses by using a steam autoclave.