bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity in people with epilepsy: A systematic review
Authors: Johnson Emma C. , Helen Cross J. , Reilly Colin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to systematically review studies focusing on levels of physical activity (PA) in people with epilepsy (PWE) compared with non‐epilepsy controls, and identify factors associated with PA in PWE. Intervention studies were also reviewed to consider the effects of psychological interventions on levels of PA, and the effects of PA‐based interventions on seizure activity, psychiatric comorbidity, and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). PRISMA guidelines were followed. Searches were conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, PsycINFO, and Embase. Forty‐six studies met inclusion criteria, including case‐control, cross‐sectional, and intervention studies. Assessment measures included questionnaires, activity trackers, and measures of physiological fitness. Twelve of 22 (54.5%) case‐control studies utilizing self‐report questionnaire measures reported that PWE were performing lower levels of PA, less likely to be engaging in PA, or less likely to meet PA guidelines than controls. The remaining studies did not find a difference between PWE and controls. Eight of 12 (67%) case‐control studies utilizing exercise/fitness tests reported that PWE performed significantly poorer than controls, whereas in two studies PWE performed better than controls. One of three studies investigating the relationship between PA and seizure frequency found that increased self‐reported PA was associated with having fewer seizures, whereas two did not find a significant relationship. All seven cross‐sectional studies that included measures of HRQoL and depression/anxiety found a positive relationship between levels of PA and HRQoL/reduced levels of depression and anxiety. All four studies that used PA‐based interventions demonstrated improvements in levels of PA and increased HRQoL. Study quality was almost universally low. In conclusion, there is some evidence that PWE engage in less PA than peers, and that interventions can improve PA levels and HRQoL. However, there is a need for more robust study designs to better understand PA in individuals with epilepsy.
Variable temperature effects between heterotrophic stream processes and organisms
Authors: Jabiol Jérémy , Gossiaux Alice , Lecerf Antoine , Rota Thibaut , Guérold François , Danger Michaël , Poupin Pascal , Gilbert Franck , Chauvet Eric 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Temperature is known to stimulate metabolism with cascading effects on multiple biological processes. These effects may, however, vary across processes, types of organisms or levels of biological organisation. They can also vary with nutrient availability, with potentially stronger temperature effects when nutrients are not limiting. This context dependence of temperature effects on processes challenges our ability to anticipate their consequences on ecosystems in a changing world.

In headwater streams, the decomposition of allochthonous leaf litter, driven by both microbial decomposers and invertebrates, is known to respond to both temperature and nutrient availability. These food webs are highly tractable and a useful model system to investigate the variations of temperature effects on processes across types of organisms (microbes versus invertebrates), resource availability levels (nutrient concentration), and levels of biological organisation (from individual to ecosystem).

In a microcosm experiment, we measured the effects of temperature and nitrogen availability (four levels each) on respiration rates of litter-consuming microbes and invertebrates and their decomposition activity in different contexts of food web complexity. The latter included one treatment without invertebrate detritivore (microbial decomposers only), three single invertebrate taxa (Gammarus, Potamophylax, and Sericostoma) treatments, and one mixed invertebrate taxa treatment (three‐species altogether).

Microbial processes increased nearly exponentially with temperature (Arrhenius model, activation energy (± 95% confidence interval) = 0.56 ± 0.53 and 1.00 ± 0.23 eV for litter decomposition and respiration), while invertebrate‐driven processes increased (activation energy from 0.47–1.15 eV) up to a maximal value at an intermediate temperature (c. 11–15°C depending on species and process), above which process rates decreased. By contrast, litter consumption in mixed invertebrate species treatments was not significantly influenced by temperature, because of a negative effect of species mixing occurring above 12°C. Nitrogen had a weaker influence, only slightly stimulating litter consumption by mixed‐species invertebrates, which limited the scope for synergies with temperature effects.

Our results raise issues about how aquatic litter consumers meet their energy requirements at high temperature and suggest that a general consequence of warming could be loss of carbon through mineralisation in headwater stream food webs. In several aspects, our results deviate from expectations based on universal relationships between temperature and individual metabolism (e.g. metabolic theory of ecology), suggesting that we may need to develop less simplistic assumptions to predict the consequence of warming on ecosystem processes.
The Search for a Current Mission Model in Cambodia
Authors: Bučko Ladislav , Rauschová Elena , Tretiaková‐Adamcová Jana 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper is a contribution to the debate on the current mission model of the church in Southeast Asia. Scholars from St Elizabeth University in Bratislava, Slovakia, have performed qualitative research to examine the present mission model in Cambodia. Research was conducted on a sample of Catholic missionaries who have worked in Cambodia for a longer period of time. On the basis of this qualitative study, we have outlined and proposed some characteristics for today’s mission model in that country. Features included and emphasized dialogue with Buddhism, formation of spiritually mature people, social promotion and social inclusion, community development, the shift in inculturation regarding value systems, working in small groups, and reconciliation between ethnic communities.
Her Name Was Lillias Horton Underwood
Authors: Chung Mee‐Hyun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article introduces the missionary work of Lillias Horton Underwood (1851–1921) at different stages of her life. The goal is to elaborate her mission and work regarding education objectively. This article is comprised of two major parts: a brief introduction to her life, delineated according to her marital status, and an examination of her major contributions in seeking gender justice for women in mission, developing women’s ministry through evangelization, and establishing institutions for higher education for young Koreans under Japanese colonialism. Methodologically, this article is first descriptive. It approaches the topic of Underwood’s life in the fashion of hagiographic biography. Second, it is analytical. It offers an evaluation of her work in its historical context. Overall, she should not be remembered as Mrs. Underwood, but as Lillias Horton Underwood, who played a multidimensional role in the establishment of early Korean Christianity and higher education.
Race, Caste, and Christianity
Authors: Jeremiah Anderson H.M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRace and caste are two important historical and social categories that had a significant role during the European colonial period and in the colonies. Christian missionary activities during the colonial period often colluded with the colonial institutions in perpetuating certain accepted worldviews that benefited the colonial authorities. The central argument of this paper is to highlight the impact of a racialized worldview that was prevalent among European colonial powers, its transmission to the colonial context, and its continuing social legacy within Christianity. This paper, through a post‐colonial analysis of British mission history and its work in a South Asian context, raises some pertinent questions regarding the tacit role of race and caste in the Christianizing mission. It also argues the need for careful post‐colonial analysis of mission practices to challenge reactivation of entrenched structures of discrimination and prejudice.
Observed volatilization behavior of silicon carbide in flowing hydrogen above 2000 K
Authors: Benensky Kelsa M. , Terrani Kurt A. , Zinkle Steven J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe intrinsic compatibility of silicon carbide (SiC) and hydrogen (H2) at high temperatures (2000‐2473 K) and pressure near one atmosphere was evaluated through a combination of thermodynamic calculations and hot hydrogen exposure testing. Thermodynamic calculations predict the decomposition of SiC in a hydrogen environment to form free silicon (Si) and free carbon (C). Free Si is predicted to vaporize from the surface as a volatile species, while free C may interact with H2 to form the hydrocarbons CH4 (T < 2100 K) or C2H2 (T > 2100 K). Coupons of high purity chemical vapor deposition (CVD) β‐SiC were exposed to slowly flowing hydrogen at temperatures ranging between 2000 and 2473 K. SiC experienced active attack as the result of H2 exposure, exhibiting linear weight loss kinetics and an Arrhenius dependence of weight loss on exposure temperature. The linear volatilization constant was experimentally evaluated to correspond with an activation energy of 370 ± 18 kJ/mol. Due to the dependence of observed corrosion rates on gas velocity, corrosion of SiC in flowing H2 was determined to be governed by external mass transfer of volatile Si species through the boundary layer. Experimentally derived mass losses were in good agreement with mass losses predicted by a boundary layer limited gas diffusion model.
Ceramic processing and multiferroic properties of the perovskite YMnO3‐BiFeO3 binary system
Authors: Quintana‐Cilleruelo Jose A. , Castro Alicia , Amorín Harvey , Veerapandiyan Vignaswaran K. , Deluca Marco , Peña Octavio , Algueró Miguel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe perovskite (1−x)YMnO3−xBiFeO3 binary system is very promising because of its multiferroic end members. Nanocrystalline phases have been recently obtained by mechanosynthesis across the system, and the perovskite structural evolution has been described. Two continuous solid solutions with orthorhombic Pnma and rhombohedral R3c symmetries were found, which coexist within a broad compositional interval of 0.5 ≤ x ≤ 0.9. This might be a polar‐nonpolar morphotropic phase boundary region, at which strong phase‐change magnetoelectric responses can be expected. A major issue is phase decomposition at moderate temperatures that highly complicates ceramic processing. This is required for carrying out a sound electrical characterization and also for their use in devices. We present here the application of Spark Plasma Sintering to the ceramic processing of YMnO3‐BiFeO3 phases. This advanced technique, when combined with nanocrystalline powders, allowed densifying phases at reduced processing temperatures and times, so that perovskite decomposition was avoided. Electrical measurements were accomplished, and the response was shown to be mostly dominated by conduction. Nonetheless, the intrinsic dielectric permittivity was obtained, and a distinctive enhancement in the phase coexistence region was revealed. Besides, Rayleigh‐type behavior characteristic of ferroelectrics was also demonstrated for all rhombohedral phases. Magnetic characterization was performed in this region, and antiferromagnetism was shown.
Effectiveness of a hydrophobic dressing for microorganisms’ colonization of vascular ulcers: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial (CUCO‐UV Study)
Authors: Morilla‐Herrera Juan C. , Morales‐Asencio José M. , Gómez‐González Alberto J. , Díez‐De Los Ríos Antonio , Lupiáñez‐Pérez Inmaculada , Acosta‐Andrade Carlos , Aranda‐Gallardo Marta , Moya‐Suárez Ana B. , Kaknani‐Uttumchandani Shakira , García‐Mayor Silvia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimTo determine the effectiveness of a hydrophobic dressing (Cutimed Sorbact®) against a silver dressing (Aquacel® Ag Extra) in the level of colonization of chronic venous leg ulcers. The secondary endpoints are health‐related quality of life, level of pain, and time to complete healing.DesignOpen randomized controlled trial, with blinded endpoint.MethodsPatients with chronic venous leg ulcers with signs of critical colonization will be randomized in a concealed sequence using computer software to receive one of the alternative dressings. A total of 204 participants recruited in Primary Health Care and nursing homes will be necessary to assure statistical power. Measures will include sociodemographic variables, wound‐related variables (area, exudate, and time to healing), level of pain, adverse effects, and health‐related quality of life. Smear samples will be collected from the ulcers and will be subject to DNA‐typing technique through polymerase chain reaction to obtain the level of colony‐forming units. Measures will be collected at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks.DiscussionElevated levels of microorganisms prevent wound healing and favour its chronification. The main target when colonization is present is to reduce the bacterial load to levels that promote immune system mobilization. Hydrophobic dressings prevent the formation of biofilm in the wound by means of physical effect, so that the possibility of antimicrobial resistance is significantly reduced.ImpactCurrent evidence about the effectiveness of dressings to minimize venous leg ulcers colonization is very limited. Previous studies have important methodological flaws. This study will permit to obtain the effectiveness of hydrophobic dressings against silver dressings with a robust design based on conditions of routine clinical practice in Primary Health Care and nursing homes.
Using different body size measures can lead to different conclusions about the effects of climate change
Authors: Bailey Liam D. , Kruuk Loeske E. B. , Allen Richard , Clayton Mark , Stein John , Gardner Janet L. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimDeclining animal body size has been proposed as a general response to increasing global temperatures that should be observed across a broad biogeographical scale. However, published studies have shown large variation in both the magnitude and direction of body size trends. We aim to investigate how the way body size is measured (body mass, structural size, body condition) may contribute to differences in body size trends between studies.LocationSemi‐arid Australia.TaxonWhite‐plumed honeyeater (Ptilotula penicillatus).MethodsWe studied two separate populations of P. penicillatus over 30 years to investigate the associations between weather and body size. We first investigated how body mass has been affected by weather conditions at each site and then determined how these same local weather conditions affected the constituent components of body mass (structural size and body condition).ResultsThe magnitude and direction of weather effects differed with the measure of body size used. Average structural size (wing length) increased with increasing temperatures while average body condition decreased. As body mass is a composite of structural size and body condition, the magnitude and direction of body mass trends was affected by trends in these two other traits. For example, differences in temperature effects on structural size between our two sites led to clear differences in body mass trends.Main ConclusionsTrends in body size will be strongly affected by the choice of body size measure used in analyses. Change in body mass can be particularly difficult to interpret as it will be a composite of changes in both structural size and body condition. Our results indicate that it is difficult to compare studies using different measures of body size. Using consistent measures of body size will be important to better understand the general effects of climate change on body size.
Cooperative effects of galanin and leptin on alleviation of insulin resistance in adipose tissue of diabetic rats
Authors: Le Bu , Cheng Xiaoyun , Qu Shen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIt was reported that either orexigenic neuropeptide galanin or anorexigenic hormone leptin caught benefit insulin sensitivity through increasing the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in patients with diabetes. To date, it is unknown whether galanin can potentiate the effect of leptin on alleviation of insulin resistance. Therefore, in the current study we sought to assess the combined effect of central leptin and galanin on insulin resistance in the adipose tissues of type 2 diabetic rats. Galanin and leptin were injected into the intracerebroventricle of the diabetic rats, respectively, or cooperatively once a day for 2 weeks. Then, several indexes of insulin resistance were examined. The results showed that glucose infusion rates in the hyperinsulinaemic‐euglycaemic clamp test, plasma adiponectin content and GLUT4 translocation, as well as Akt phosphorylation in fat cells, were higher, not GLUT4 protein and GLUT4 mRNA expression, but HOMA index was lower in the galanin + leptin group than either one of them. Furthermore, treatment with MK‐2206, an Akt inhibitor, blocked the combined effects of galanin + leptin on alleviation of insulin resistance. These results suggest that galanin can improve the leptin‐induced mitigative effects on insulin resistance in the fat cells, and those provided new insights into the potential tactics for prevention and remedy of insulin resistance.
Aberrant methylation of WD‐repeat protein 41 contributes to tumour progression in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Wang Han , Wu Dan , Cai Liangliang , Li Xiaohong , Zhang Zhiming , Chen Shuai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWD‐repeat proteins are implicated in a variety of biological functions, most recently in oncogenesis. However, the underlying function of WD‐repeat protein 41 (WDR41) in tumorigenesis remains elusive. The present study was aimed to explore the role of WDR41 in breast cancer. Combined with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, the results showed that WDR41 was expressed at low levels in breast cancer, especially in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). Using methylation‐specific PCR (MSP), we observed that WDR41 presented hypermethylation in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Methylation inhibitor 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐aza‐dC) management increased the expression of WDR41 in MDA‐MB‐231 cells, but not in MCF‐10A (normal mammary epithelial cells) or oestrogen receptor‐positive MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. WDR41‐down‐regulation promoted, while WDR41‐up‐regulation inhibited the tumour characteristics of TNBC cells including cell viability, cell cycle and migration. Further, WDR41‐up‐regulation dramatically suppressed tumour growth in vivo. Mechanistically, WDR41 protein ablation activated, while WDR41‐up‐regulation repressed the AKT/GSK‐3β pathway and the subsequent nuclear activation of β‐catenin in MDA‐MB‐231 cells, and 5‐aza‐dC treatment enhanced this effect. After treatment with the AKT inhibitor MK‐2206, WDR41‐down‐regulation‐mediated activation of the GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signalling was robustly abolished. Collectively, methylated WDR41 in MDA‐MB‐231 cells promotes tumorigenesis through positively regulating the AKT/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin pathway, thus providing an important foundation for treating TNBC.
Disease severity–related alterations of cardiac microRNAs in experimental pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Kmecova Zuzana , Veteskova Jana , Lelkova‐Zirova Katarina , Bies Pivackova Lenka , Doka Gabriel , Malikova Eva , Paulis Ludovit , Krenek Peter , Klimas Jan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRight ventricular (RV) failure is the primary cause of death in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We hypothesized that heart‐relevant microRNAs, that is myomiRs (miR‐1, miR‐133a, miR‐208, miR‐499) and miR‐214, can have a role in the right ventricle in the development of PAH. To mimic PAH, male Wistar rats were injected with monocrotaline (MCT, 60 mg/kg, s.c.); control group received vehicle. MCT rats were divided into two groups, based on the clinical presentation: MCT group terminated 4 weeks after MCT administration and prematurely terminated group (ptMCT) displaying signs of terminal disease. Myocardial damage genes and candidate microRNAs expressions were determined by RT‐qPCR. Reduced blood oxygen saturation, breathing disturbances, RV enlargement as well as elevated levels of markers of myocardial damage confirmed PH in MCT animals and were more pronounced in ptMCT. MyomiRs (miR‐1/miR‐133a/miR‐208a/miR‐499) were decreased and the expression of miR‐214 was increased only in ptMCT group (P < 0.05). The myomiRs negatively correlated with Fulton index as a measure of RV hypertrophy in MCT group (P < 0.05), whereas miR‐214 showed a positive correlation (P < 0.05). We conclude that the expression of determined microRNAs mirrored the disease severity and targeting their pathways might represent potential future therapeutic approach in PAH.
A2AR inhibition in alleviating spatial recognition memory impairment after TBI is associated with improvement in autophagic flux in RSC
Authors: Zeng Xu‐Jia , Li Ping , Ning Ya‐Lei , Zhao Yan , Peng Yan , Yang Nan , Xu Ya‐Wei , Chen Jiang‐Fan , Zhou Yuan‐Guo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSpatial recognition memory impairment is an important complication after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We previously found that spatial recognition memory impairment can be alleviated in adenosine A2A receptor knockout (A2AR KO) mice after TBI, but the mechanism remains unclear. In the current study, we used manganese‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and the Y‐maze test to determine whether the electrical activity of neurons in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) was reduced and spatial recognition memory was impaired in wild‐type (WT) mice after moderate TBI. Furthermore, spatial recognition memory was damaged by optogenetically inhibiting the electrical activity of RSC neurons in WT mice. Additionally, the electrical activity of RSC neurons was significantly increased and spatial recognition memory impairment was reduced in A2AR KO mice after moderate TBI. Specific inhibition of A2AR in the ipsilateral RSC alleviated the impairment in spatial recognition memory in WT mice. In addition, A2AR KO improved autophagic flux in the ipsilateral RSC after injury. In primary cultured neurons, activation of A2AR reduced lysosomal‐associated membrane protein 1 and cathepsin D (CTSD) levels, increased phosphorylated protein kinase A and phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 2 levels, reduced transcription factor EB (TFEB) nuclear localization and impaired autophagic flux. These results suggest that the impairment of spatial recognition memory after TBI may be associated with impaired autophagic flux in the RSC and that A2AR activation may reduce lysosomal biogenesis through the PKA/ERK2/TFEB pathway to impair autophagic flux.
Parliamentary Influence Ten Years after Lisbon: EU Trade Negotiations with Japan*
Authors: Frennhoff Larsén Magdalena 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Lisbon Treaty altered the way EU trade negotiations are conducted, by granting new powers to the European Parliament (EP), including ratification powers. Ten years after the Treaty entered into force, this article evaluates the parliamentary influence on EU trade negotiations, both in terms substantial and procedural matters, by analyzing the trade negotiations between the EU and Japan that lead to the Economic Partnership Agreement. Using an embedded two‐level game approach, the paper argues that parliamentary influence has been significant, and that the EP has developed into a constructive and experienced actor. It has changed the inter‐institutional dynamics, and it plays an increasingly influential role internationally through cross‐table engagement with the EU's negotiating partners. In addition, EU trade negotiations are embedded in a network of past, parallel and future negotiations, which shaped the strategies of the EP, and the nature and progress of the negotiations overall.