bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size matters—in vitro behaviour of human fibroblasts on textured silicone surfaces with different pore sizes
Authors: Tolksdorf Julia , Horch Raymund E. , Grüner Jasmin S. , Schmid Rafael , Kengelbach-Weigand Annika , Schubert Dirk W. , Werner Siegfried , Schneidereit Dominik , Friedrich Oliver , Ludolph Ingo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCapsular contracture remains a challenge in plastic surgery and represents one of the most common postoperative complications following alloplastic breast reconstruction. The impact of the surface structure of silicone implants on the foreign body reaction and the behaviour of connective tissue-producing cells has already been discussed. The aim of this study was to investigate different pore sizes of silicone surfaces and their influence on human fibroblasts in an in vitro model. Four different textures (no, fine, medium and coarse texture) produced with the salt-loss technique, have been assessed in an in vitro model. Human fibroblasts were seeded onto silicone sheets and evaluated after 1, 4 and 7 days microscopically, with viability assay and gene expression analysis. Comparing the growth behaviour and adhesion of the fibroblasts on the four different textures, a dense cell layer, good adhesion and bridge-building ability of the cells could be observed for the fine and medium texture. Cell number and viability of the cells were increasing during the time course of experiments on every texture.TGFß1was lowest expressed on the fine and medium texture indicating a trend for decreased fibrotic activity. For silicone surfaces produced with the salt-loss technique, we were able to show an antifibrotic effect of smaller sized pores. These findings underline the hypothesis of a key role of the implant surface and the pore size and pore structure in preventing capsular contracture.
Slow ring flips in aromatic cluster of GB1 studied by aromatic 13C relaxation dispersion methods
Authors: Dreydoppel Matthias , Raum Heiner N. , Weininger Ulrich 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRing flips of phenylalanine and tyrosine are a hallmark of protein dynamics. They report on transient breathing motions of proteins. In addition, flip rates also depend on stabilizing interactions in the ground state, like aromatic stacking or cation–π interaction. So far, experimental studies of ring flips have almost exclusively been performed on aromatic rings without stabilizing interactions. Here we investigate ring flip dynamics of Phe and Tyr in the aromatic cluster in GB1. We found that all four residues of the cluster, Y3, F30, Y45 and F52, display slow ring flips. Interestingly, F52, the central residue of the cluster, which makes aromatic contacts with all three others, is flipping significantly faster, while the other rings are flipping with the same rates within margin of error. Determined activation enthalpies and activation volumes of these processes are in the same range of other reported ring flips of single aromatic rings. There is no correlation of the number of aromatic stacking interactions to the activation enthalpy, and no correlation of the ring’s extent of burying to the activation volume. Because of these findings, we speculate that F52 is undergoing concerted ring flips with each of the other rings.
Mathematical programming formulations for piecewise polynomial functions
Authors: Grimstad Bjarne , Knudsen Brage R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper studies mathematical programming formulations for solving optimization problems with piecewise polynomial (PWP) constraints. We elaborate on suitable polynomial bases as a means of efficiently representing PWPs in mathematical programs, comparing and drawing connections between the monomial basis, the Bernstein basis, and B-splines. The theory is presented for both continuous and semi-continuous PWPs. Using a disjunctive formulation, we then exploit the characteristic of common polynomial basis functions to significantly reduce the number of nonlinearities, and to suggest a bound-tightening technique for PWP constraints. We derive several extensions using Bernstein cuts, an expanded Bernstein basis, and an expanded monomial basis, which upon a standard big-M reformulation yield a set of new MINLP models. The formulations are compared by globally solving six test sets of MINLPs and a realistic petroleum production optimization problem. The proposed framework shows promising numerical performance and facilitates the solution of PWP-constrained optimization problems using standard MINLP software.
Distributive Justice for Aggressors
Authors: Tomlin Patrick 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe individualist nature of much contemporary just war theory means that we often discuss cases with single attackers. But even if war is best understood in this individualist way, in war combatants often have to make decisions about how to distribute harms among a plurality of aggressors: they must decide whom and how many to harm, and how much to harm them. In this paper, I look at simultaneous multiple aggressor cases in which more than one distribution of harm among aggressors is available. I show how such cases pose deep questions concerning the nature, role, and scope of the necessity principle, and its relationship to both liability and narrow proportionality. I argue that a hitherto unrecognised measure – ‘narrow proportionality shortfall’ – and its distribution is relevant in choosing how to distribute harms across aggressors. I then extend this analysis to show how this may help us with a puzzle concerning sequential attacks.
Profile and Content of Residual Alkaloids in Ten Ecotypes of Lupinus mutabilis Sweet after Aqueous Debittering Process
Authors: Cortés-Avendaño Paola , Tarvainen Marko , Suomela Jukka-Pekka , Glorio-Paulet Patricia , Yang Baoru , Repo-Carrasco-Valencia Ritva 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe evaluation of the level of alkaloids in edible Lupinus species is crucial from a food safety point of view. Debittering of lupin seeds has a long history; however, the control of the level of alkaloids after processing the seeds is typically only evaluated by changes in the bitter taste. The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile and residual levels of quinolizidine alkaloids (QA) in (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) after aqueous debittering process. Samples from 10 ecotypes from different areas of Peru were analyzed before and after the process. Based on results obtained by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, from eight alkaloids identified before the debittering process, only small amounts of lupanine (avg. 0.0012 g/100 g DM) and sparteine (avg. 0.0014 g/100 g DM) remained in the seeds after the debittering process, and no other alkaloids were identified. The aqueous debittering process reduced the content of alkaloids to levels far below the maximal level allowed by international regulations (≤ 0.2 g/kg DM).
Consumers Beware: Online Personalized Pricing in Action! How the Framing of a Mandated Discriminatory Pricing Disclosure Influences Intention to Purchase
Authors: van Boom Willem H. , van der Rest Jean-Pierre I. , van den Bos Kees , Dechesne Mark 
Published: February 2020

AbstractOnline businesses collect a wealth of data on customers, often without properly informing them. Increasingly, these data can be used for behavioral price discrimination. In this two-study article, we explore how consumers would respond if businesses were compelled to disclose their use of discriminatory behavioral pricing techniques. Using different disclosure frames, we examine the effects of disclosure on purchase intention and purchase probability. The findings indicate that specific disclosure frames affect purchase intentions. Furthermore, we find that a disclosure frame that is more in line with a consumer’s self-interest increases purchase intention. Specifically, the frame indirectly influences intention to purchase through its effect on the perception that the use of behavioral pricing information serves self-interest. In this way, our study draws attention to a potentially unanticipated effect of regulatory intervention. Implications for future research and legal policy are discussed, focused on the need to design and empirically test the effectiveness of disclosures online.
The Mathematics of Ethylene Oligomerisation and Polymerisation
Authors: Young Craig T. , von Goetze Richard , Tomov Atanas K. , Zaccaria Francesco , Britovsek George J. P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLinear α-olefins or LAOs are produced by the catalytic oligomerisation of ethylene on a multimillion ton scale annually. A range of LAOs is typically obtained with varying chain lengths which follow a distribution. Depending on the catalyst, various types of distributions have been identified, such as Schulz–Flory, Poisson, alternating and selective oligomerisations such as ethylene trimerisation to 1-hexene and tetramerisation to 1-octene. A comprehensive mathematical analysis for all oligomer distributions is presented, showing the relations between the various distributions and with ethylene polymerisation, as well as providing mechanistic insight into the underlying chemical processes.
Preparation and characterization of site-specific dechlorinating microbial inocula capable of complete dechlorination enriched in anaerobic microcosms amended with clay mineral
Authors: Nagymáté Zsuzsanna , Jurecska Laura , Romsics Csaba , Tóth Fanni , Bódai Viktória , Mészáros Éva , Szabó Attila , Erdélyi Balázs , Márialigeti Károly 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Short-chain halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g. perchloroethene, trichloroethene) are among the most toxic environmental pollutants. Perchloroethene and trichloroethene can be dechlorinated to non-toxic ethene through reductive dechlorination by Dehalococcoides sp. Bioaugmentation, applying cultures containing organohalide-respiring microorganisms, is a possible technique to remediate sites contaminated with chlorinated ethenes. Application of site specific inocula is an efficient alternative solution. Our aim was to develop site specific dechlorinating microbial inocula by enriching microbial consortia from groundwater contaminated with trichloroethene using microcosm experiments containing clay mineral as solid phase. Our main goal was to develop fast and reliable method to produce large amount (100 L) of bioactive agent with anaerobic fermentation technology. Polyphasic approach has been applied to monitor the effectiveness of dechlorination during the transfer process from bench-scale (500 mL) to industrial-scale (100 L). Gas chromatography measurement and T-RFLP (Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) revealed that the serial subculture of the enrichments shortened the time-course of the complete dechlorination of trichloroethene to ethene and altered the composition of bacterial communities. Complete dechlorination was observed in enrichments with significant abundance of Dehalococcoides sp. cultivated at 8 °C. Consortia incubated in fermenters at 18 °C accelerated the conversion of TCE to ethene by 7–14 days. Members of the enrichments belong to the phyla Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. According to the operational taxonomic units, main differences between the composition of the enrichment incubated at 8 °C and 18 °C occurred with relative abundance of acetogenic and fermentative species. In addition to the temperature, the site-specific origin of the microbial communities and the solid phase applied during the fermentation technique contributed to the development of a unique microbial composition.

Graphic abstract
Knowledge and Truth in Virtuous Deliberation
Authors: Carr David 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe overall aim of this paper is to explore the role of knowledge and truth in the practical deliberation of candidate virtuous agents. To this end, the paper considers three criticisms of Julia Driver’s recent defence of the prospect of ‘virtues of ignorance’ or virtues for which knowledge may be considered unnecessary or untoward. While the present essay agrees with the general drift of Driver’s critics that we should reject such virtues construed as traits that deliberately embrace ignorance, it is more sympathetic to the suggestion that virtue and virtues may need to accommodate some absence or deficit of knowledge and proceeds to further scrutiny of this possibility. More radically, however, the paper concludes by arguing that while knowledge is an overall desideratum of virtue and virtuous conduct, there are circumstances in which even complete knowledge may be insufficient to identify or determine the precise course and direction of such conduct.
The effect of rotational degree and routine activity on the risk of collapse in transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy for osteonecrosis of the femoral head—a finite element analysis
Authors: Xie Pusheng , Deng Yuping , Tan Jinchuan , Wang Mian , Yang Yang , Ouyang Hanbin , Huang Wenhua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTo explore the mechanical mechanism and provide preoperative planning basis for transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy (TRO) procedure, a joint-preserving procedure for osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Eleven TRO finite element femurs with the most common types of necrosis were analyzed under multi-loading conditions. Thereafter, we made a comprehensive evaluation by considering the anatomy characters, daily activities, and risk indicators contain necrosis expansion trend, necrotic blood supply pressure, and the risk of fracture. The risk of fracture (ROF) is the lowest when standing on feet and increases gradually during normal walking and walking upstairs and downstairs. Compared with posterior rotation, rotating forward keeps more elements at low risk. Additionally, the correlation analysis shows it has a strong negative correlation (R2 = 0.834) with the average modulus of the roof. TRO finally decreased the stress and energy effectively. However, the stress and strain energy arise when rotated posteriorly less than 120°. The comprehensive evaluation observed that rotating forward 90°could reduce the total risks to 64%. TRO is an effective technique to prevent collapse. For the anterior and superior large necrosis, we recommend to rotate forward 60° to 90° (more efficient) or backward 180°. The methodology followed in this study could provide accurate and personalize preoperative planning.
Revisiting “Steady-State” Monotonic and Cyclic Deformation: Emphasizing the Quasi-Stationary State of Deformation
Authors: Mughrabi Haël 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
High-temperature creep, cyclic deformation in saturation, and a number of technologically important processes are typical examples of the so-called “steady-state” deformation. These cases are usually defined in terms of the constancy of the mechanical parameters. Moreover, it is usually assumed that the deformation-induced microstructure undergoes no further changes. However, clear evidence shows that non-negligible microstructural changes continue to occur in the so-defined steady-state high-temperature creep and in cyclic saturation. It can be shown that the so-called “steady-state” deformation is actually a quasi-stationary deformation which is characterized by the initial development of a “mechanical steady state”, which is followed with a delay by a “microstructural steady state.” Only the latter can then be considered as a true steady state. A deeper analysis reveals a persistent slight increase of the dislocation density, with geometrically necessary dislocations in the cell walls/subgrain boundaries, causing the latter to transform gradually into sharper boundaries with higher misorientations. These findings, based on a detailed analysis of a wide range of experimental studies, are found to be almost identical for both high-temperature creep and cyclic deformation in saturation and are hence considered as characteristic of quasi-stationary deformation. The analysis clarifies, as a by-product, specific effects which arise from the increasing heterogeneity of the dislocation pattern (patterning). Thus, a marked decrease of the arrangement factor “alpha” in the Taylor flow stress is noted, as patterning proceeds, in agreement with predictions of the so-called composite model. Since this effect is compensated partially by the increase of the dislocation density, the flow stress remains rather insensitive to subtle microstructural changes. Based on these facts, the need for revision of current flow-stress formulations in future dislocation modeling is emphasized.
Metastatic Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma in Complete Remission: Morphological, Molecular, and Clinical Work-Up of a Rare Case
Authors: Stenman Adam , Hellgren L. Samuel , Jatta Kenbugul , Hysek Martin , Zemmler Maja , Altena Renske , Nilsson Inga-Lena , Bränström Robert , Zedenius Jan , Juhlin C. Christofer 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAnaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) exhibits an exceedingly poor prognosis, and the current treatment options are, for most cases, palliative by nature. Few reports of long-time survivors exist, although in these patients, tumors often were limited to the thyroid and/or regional lymph nodes. We describe a 64-year-old male who developed a rapidly growing mass in the left thyroid lobe. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was consistent with ATC, and the patient underwent preoperative combined chemo- and radiotherapy followed by a hemithyroidectomy. The ensuing histopathological investigation was consistent with ATC adjoined by an oxyphilic well-differentiated lesion, likely a Hürthle cell carcinoma. Tumor margins were negative, and no extrathyroidal extension was noted. Focused next-generation sequencing analysis of the primary tumor tissue identified a TP53 gene mutation but could not identify any potential druggable targets. Additional Sanger sequencing detected a C228T TERT promoter mutation. The tumor was found to be microsatellite stable and displayed PDL1 expression in 80% of tumor cells. Following a CT scan 1 month postoperatively, metastatic deposits were suspected in the lung as well as in the left adrenal gland, of which FNAB verified the latter. Remarkably, upon radiological follow-up, the disease had gone into apparent complete remission. The patient is alive and well with no signs of residual disease after 12 months of follow-up. We here summarize the clinical, histological, and molecular data of this highly interesting patient case and review the literature for possible common denominators with other patients with disseminated ATC.
Synergistic effect of magnetic field and nanocomposite pour point depressant on the yield stress of waxy model oil
Authors: Huang Hui-Rong , Wang Wei , Peng Ze-Heng , Li Kai , Ding Yan-Fen , Yu Wei-Jie , Gan Dong-Ying , Wang Chuan-Shuo , Xue Yi-Han , Gong Jing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractYield stress, as the key parameter to characterize the network strength of waxy oil, is important to the petroleum pipeline safety. Reducing the yield stress of waxy oil is of great significance for flow assurance. In this study, the effect of alternating magnetic field (intensity, frequency) on the yield stress of a waxy model oil with nanocomposite pour point depressant (NPPD) is systematically investigated. An optimum magnetic field intensity and frequency is found for the reduction in yield stress. When adding with NPPD, the heterogeneous nucleation of NPPD contributes to the reduction in yield stress for waxy model oil. Interestingly, the magnetic field is helpful for the modification of yield stress at a lower frequency and intensity before the optimal value; however, the modification is found to be weakened when the magnetic field is further increased after the optimal value. Possible explanation is proposed that the aggregation morphology of wax crystal would be altered and results in the release of wrapped oil phase from the network structure under the magnetic field.
Nebivolol attenuates the anticonvulsant action of carbamazepine and phenobarbital against the maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice
Authors: Borowicz-Reutt Kinga K. , Banach Monika , Rudkowska Monika 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Due to co-occurrence of seizures and cardiovascular disorders, nebivolol, a widely used selective β1-blocker with vasodilatory properties, may be co-administered with antiepileptic drugs. Therefore, we wanted to assess interactions between nebivolol and four conventional antiepileptic drugs: carbamazepine, valproate, phenytoin and phenobarbital in the screening model of tonic–clonic convulsions.

Methods
Seizure experiments were conducted in the electroconvulsive threshold and maximal electroshock tests in mice. The chimney test served as a method of assessing motor coordination, whereas long-term memory was evaluated in the computerized step-through passive-avoidance task. To exclude or confirm pharmacokinetic interactions, we measured brain concentrations of antiepileptic drugs using the fluorescence polarization immunoassay.

Results
It was shown that nebivolol applied at doses 0.5–15 mg/kg did not raise the threshold for electroconvulsions. However, nebivolol at the dose of 15 mg/kg reduced the anti-electroshock properties of carbamazepine. The effect of valproate, phenytoin, and phenobarbital remained unchanged by combination with the β-blocker. Nebivolol significantly decreased the brain concentration of valproate, but did not affect concentrations of remaining antiepileptic drugs. Therefore, contribution of pharmacokinetic interactions to the final effect of the nebivolol/carbamazepine combination seems not probable. Nebivolol alone and in combinations with antiepileptic drugs did not impair motor performance in mice. Nebivolol alone did not affect long-term memory of animals, and did not potentiate memory impairment induced by valproate and carbamazepine.

Conclusions
This study indicates that nebivolol attenuated effectiveness of some antiepileptic drugs. In case the results are confirmed in clinical settings, this β-blocker should be used with caution in epileptic patients.
Ephemeral species in the fossil record? Synchronous coupling of macroevolutionary dynamics in mid-Paleozoic zooplankton
Authors: Crampton James S. , Cooper Roger A. , Foote Michael , Sadler Peter M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe document a positive and strong correlation between speciation and extinction rates in the Paleozoic zooplankton graptoloid clade, between 481 and 419 Ma. This correlation has a magnitude of ~0.35–0.45 and manifests at a temporal resolution of <50 kyr and, for part of our data set, <25 kyr. It cannot be explained as an artifact of the method used to measure rates, sampling bias, bias resulting from construction of the time series, autocorrelation, underestimation of species durations, or undetected phyletic evolution. Correlations are approximately equal during the Ordovician and Silurian, despite the very different speciation and extinction regimes prevailing during these two periods, and correlation is strongest in the shortest-lived cohorts of species.We infer that this correlation reflects approximately synchronous coupling of speciation and extinction in the graptoloids on timescales of a few tens of thousands of years. Almost half of graptoloid species in our data set have durations of <0.5 Myr, and previous studies have demonstrated that, during times of background extinction, short-lived species were selectively targeted by extinction. These observations may be consistent with the model of ephemeral speciation, whereby new species are inferred to form constantly and at high rate, but most of them disappear rapidly through extinction or reabsorption into the ancestral lineage. Diversity dependence with a lag of ~1 Myr, also documented elsewhere, may reflect a subsequent and relatively slow, competitive dynamic that governed those species that dispersed beyond their originating water mass and escaped the ephemeral species filter.