bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical Evaluation and Management of Insomnia in Parkinson's Disease: A Review
Authors: Wallace Douglas M. , Wohlgemuth William K. , Trotti Lynn Marie , Amara Amy W. , Malaty Irene A. , Factor Stewart A. , Nallu Sagarika , Wittine Lara , Hauser Robert A. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundInsomnia is one of the most common nonmotor features of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there are few practical guidelines for providers on how to best evaluate and treat this problem.Methods and FindingsThis review was developed to provide clinicians with a pragmatic approach to assessing and managing insomnia in PD. Recommendations were based on literature review and expert opinion. We addressed the following topics in this review: prevalence of insomnia in PD, sleep–wake mechanisms, theoretical models of insomnia, risk factors, assessment, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments. Insomnia treatment choices may be guided by PD severity, comorbidities, and patient preference. However, there is limited evidence supporting pharmacotherapy and nonpharmacologic treatments of insomnia in PD.ConclusionsWe provide a pragmatic algorithm for evaluating and treating insomnia in PD based on the literature and our clinical experience. We propose personalized insomnia treatment approaches based on age and other issues. Gaps in the existing literature and future directions in the treatment of insomnia in PD are also highlighted.
Incorporating peptide aptamers into resistive pulse sensing
Authors: Maugi Rhushabh , Salkenova Zarina , Platt Mark 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe use of nanocarriers within resistive pulse sensing, RPS, aids the detection and quantification of analytes. In the absence of convection, the signal strength and frequency can dependent upon the electrophoretic mobility of the nanocarrier/analyte. Here, we have developed a simple strategy to incorporate peptide aptamers onto RPS assays with enhanced electrophoretic signals. Using a hybrid DNA–Peptide nanocarrier, an existing peptide was incorporated into a rapid assay without having to engineer or modify the peptide sequence. The surface of a nanocarrier is coated with a mixture of peptide aptamers and a non‐binding DNA. The binding of the target to the peptide creates an “analyte corona” which shields the phosphate groups of the underlying DNA. This results in a change in electrophoretic mobility of the nanocarrier. The signal is concentration‐dependent and is illustrated using a peptide to a key biomarker of infection, C‐reactive protein, CRP. As a comparison, we also show the binding of the CRP to a DNA aptamer. This universal approach can be easily adapted to other peptides without the peptide itself to undergo any chemical modifications opening new opportunities and applications in RPS strategies.
Novel sensor to investigate microstructural contributions to corrosion of high‐palladium dental alloys
Authors: Sun Desheng , Brantley William A. , Heshmati Reza H. , Johnston William M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThere is incomplete understanding of corrosion mechanisms for high‐palladium dental alloys used for metal‐ceramic restorations. This investigation employed two complementary techniques as a novel sensor for an initial investigation of corrosion tendencies for phases in representative high‐Pd alloys with Pd–Cu–Ga and Pd–Ga compositions. After the initial oxidation step and simulated porcelain‐firing cycles, specimens were polished for examination by Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy to evaluate the Volta potential difference across the surfaces and correlate potential differences with microstructural phases. The Ru‐rich phase, present in high‐Pd alloys from use of Ru as a grain‐refining element, was clearly more noble than the Pd solid solution matrix in the Pd–Cu–Ga alloys but had much less Volta potential difference than the matrix in the Pd–Ga alloy. Other precipitates in the alloy microstructures had minimal observable differences in Volta potential compared to the matrix. While high‐Pd alloys have been found previously to show excellent overall in vitro corrosion resistance, the Ru‐rich phase may cause localized galvanic corrosion in Pd–Cu–Ga alloys leading to potentially problematic Pd ion release, but have less effect on corrosion in Pd–Ga alloys.
A de novo TOP2B variant associated with global developmental delay and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hiraide Takuya , Watanabe Seiji , Matsubayashi Tomoko , Yanagi Kumiko , Nakashima Mitsuko , Ogata Tsutomu , Saitsu Hirotomo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTOP2B encodes type II topoisomerase beta, which controls topological changes during DNA transcription. TOP2B is expressed in the developing nervous system and is involved in brain development and neural differentiation. Recently, a de novo missense TOP2B variant (c.187C>T) has been identified in an individual with neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD). However, the association between TOP2B variants and NDDs remains uncertain.MethodsTrio‐based whole‐exome sequencing was performed on a 7‐year‐old girl, presenting muscle hypotonia, stereotypic hand movements, epilepsy, global developmental delay, and autism spectrum disorder. Brain magnetic resonance images were normal. She was unable to walk independently and spoke no meaningful words.ResultsWe found a de novo variant in TOP2B (NM_001330700.1:c.187C>T, p.(His63Tyr)), which is identical to the previous case. The clinical features of the two individuals with the c.187C>T variant overlapped.ConclusionOur study supports the finding that TOP2B variants may cause NDDs.
A novel anthropomorphic multimodality phantom for MRI‐based radiotherapy quality assurance testing
Authors: Singhrao Kamal , Fu Jie , Wu Holden H. , Hu Peng , Kishan Amar U. , Chin Robert K. , Lewis John H. 
Published: January 2020

PurposeIncreased utilization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in radiotherapy has caused a growing need for phantoms that provide tissue‐like contrast in both computed tomography (CT) and MRI images. Such phantoms can be used to compare MRI‐based processes with CT‐based clinical standards. Here, we develop and demonstrate the clinical utility of a three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed anthropomorphic pelvis phantom containing materials capable of T1, T2, and electron density matching for a clinically relevant set of soft tissues and bone.MethodsThe phantom design was based on a male pelvic anatomy template with thin boundaries separating tissue types. Slots were included to allow insertion of various dosimeters. The phantom structure was created using a 3D printer. The tissue compartments were filled with carrageenan‐based materials designed to match the T1 and T2 relaxation times and electron densities of the corresponding tissues. CT and MRI images of the phantom were acquired and used to compare phantom T1 and T2 relaxation times and electron densities to literature‐reported values for human tissue. To demonstrate clinical utility, the phantom was used for end‐to‐end testing of an MRI‐only treatment simulation and planning workflow. Based on a T2‐weighted MRI image, synthetic CT (sCT) images were created using a statistical decomposition algorithm (MRIPlanner, Spectronic Research AB, Sweden) and used for dose calculation of volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and seven‐field intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) prostate plans. The plans were delivered on a Truebeam STX (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA), with film and a 0.3 cc ion chamber used to measure the delivered dose. Doses calculated on the CT and sCTs were compared using common dose volume histogram metrics.ResultsT1 and T2 relaxation time and electron density measurements for the muscle, prostate, and bone agreed well with literature‐reported in vivo measurements. Film analysis resulted in a 99.7% gamma pass rate (3.0%, 3.0 mm) for both plans. The ion chamber‐measured dose discrepancies at the isocenter were 0.36% and 1.67% for the IMRT and VMAT plans, respectively. The differences in PTV D98% and D95% between plans calculated on the CT and 1.5T/3.0 T‐derived sCT images were under 3%.ConclusionThe developed phantom provides tissue‐like contrast on MRI and CT and can be used to validate MRI‐based processes through comparison with standard CT‐based processes.
Quantitative muscle MRI study of patients with sporadic inclusion body myositis
Authors: Ansari Behnaz , Salort‐Campana Emmanuelle , Ogier Augustin , Le Troter PhD Arnaud , De Sainte Marie Benjamin , Guye Maxime , Delmont Emilien , Grapperon Aude‐Marie , Verschueren Annie , Bendahan David , Attarian Shahram 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundFat infiltration in individual muscles of sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) patients has rarely been assessed.MethodsSixteen sIBM patients were assessed using MRI of the thighs and lower legs (LL). The severity of fat infiltration, proximal‐to‐distal and side asymmetries, and the correlations with clinical and functional parameters were investigated.ResultsAll the patients had fat‐infiltrated muscles, and thighs were more severely affected than LL. A proximal‐to‐distal gradient of fat infiltration was mainly observed for adductors, quadriceps, sartorius, and medial gastrocnemius muscles. A strong negative correlation was observed between the whole muscle fat fraction in the thighs and LL and the Inclusion Body Myositis Functional Rating Scale and Medical Research Council scores for the lower limbs.ConclusionsFat infiltration in individual muscles of sIBM patients is heterogeneous in terms of proximal‐to‐distal gradient and severity was correlated with clinical scores. These results should be considered for both natural history investigation and clinical trials.
Band gap engineered ternary semiconductor PbxCd1−xS: Nanoparticle‐sensitized solar cells with an efficiency of 8.5% under 1% sun—A combined theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Boon‐on Patsorn , Lien Shang‐Wei , Chang Tay‐Rong , Shi Jen‐Bin , Lee Ming‐Way 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe report the synthesis and photovoltaic properties of a ternary metal sulfide alloyed semiconductor PbxCd1−xS prepared by the two‐stage sequential ionic layer adsorption reaction. The synthesized PbxCd1−xS nanoparticles (NPs) retain the hexagonal structure of the CdS host with Pb substituting a fraction of the Cd atom (x = 0‐0.17). Band structures of PbxCd1−xS with various Pb contents x were calculated using the complementary density functional theory (DFT) method. Optical, quantum efficiency, cyclic voltammetry measurements, and band structure calculation revealed that the band gap of PbxCd1−xS decreased with increasing x, resulting in an increased optical absorption band from 500 to 720 nm (1.73‐2.44 eV) for x = 0 to 0.17. Solid‐state PbxCd1−xS semiconductor nanoparticle‐sensitized solar cells (NSSCs) were fabricated from the synthesized NPs using spiro‐OMeTAD as the hole‐transporting material. The best Pb0.05Cd0.95S cell yielded a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.67%, a Voc of 0.70 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 62.8% under 1 sun. The PCE increased to 5.93% under a reduced light intensity of 0.1 sun and further increased to 8.48% under 0.01 sun. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) spectrum covers the spectral range of 300 to 730 nm with a maximal EQE of 82% at λ = 580 nm. The PCE over 8% can be categorized into a high‐efficiency NSSCs. In addition, the Voc of 0.70 V is a relatively high Voc among all NSSCs. The high PCE and Voc suggest that PbxCd1−xS has potential to be an efficient solar absorber.
Academic hardiness as a mediator for the relationship between school belonging and academic stress
Authors: Abdollahi Abbas , Panahipour Sana , Akhavan Tafti Mahnaz , Allen Kelly A. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAcademic stress is a commonly reported affective state by high school students that can be accompanied by unwanted and unhelpful short‐ and long‐term implications including a low sense of school belonging. Understanding how academic stress may be alleviated or managed by students is an essential consideration for all schools concerned with student well‐being. This study aimed to examine the relationship between academic stress and sense of school belonging, as well as the mediation effect of academic hardiness. Four hundred and five high school students from six schools in Tehran (Iran) were recruited in the study. Data analyses with Structural Equation Modeling revealed that a sense of belonging to school (β = −.38, p < .01) and academic hardiness (β = −.40, p < .01) were significant predictors of academic stress. Bootstrapping analysis showed that academic hardiness acted as a mediator between a sense of belonging to school and academic stress. The findings elucidate the underlying mechanism in how low school belonging may lead to academic stress in high school students. Creating a culture of school belonging and teaching and supporting skills related to academic hardiness should be key considerations for all schools seeking to reduce academic stress experienced by their students.
Individualized OnabotulinumtoxinA Treatment for Upper Limb Spasticity Resulted in High Clinician‐ and Patient‐Reported Satisfaction: Long‐Term Observational Results from the ASPIRE Study
Authors: Francisco Gerard E. , Jost Wolfgang H. , Bavikatte Ganesh , Bandari Daniel S. , Tang Simon F.T. , Munin Michael C. , Largent Joan , Adams Aubrey M. , Zuzek Aleksej , Esquenazi Alberto 
Published: January 2020

IntroductionOnabotulinumtoxinA treatment for spasticity is dependent on numerous factors and varies according to selected treatment goals.ObjectiveTo examine real‐world onabotulinumtoxinA treatment utilization and effectiveness in patients with upper limb spasticity over 2 years from the Adult Spasticity International Registry (ASPIRE) study.DesignMulticenter, prospective, observational registry (NCT01930786).SettingFifty‐four international clinical sites in North America, Europe, and Asia.PatientsAdults (naïve or non‐naïve to botulinum toxins for spasticity) with upper limb focal spasticity related to upper motor neuron syndrome across multiple etiologies.InterventionsOnabotulinumtoxinA administered at clinician's discretion.Main Outcome MeasuresOnabotulinumtoxinA utilization, clinician and patient satisfaction.ResultsFour hundred eighty‐four patients received ≥1 treatment of onabotulinumtoxinA for upper limb spasticity. Patients were on average 55.1 years old, 50.8% male, predominantly Caucasian (72.3%), and 38.6% were naïve to botulinum toxins. Stroke was the most frequently reported underlying etiology (74.0%). Most patients (81.2%) had moderate to severe spasticity at baseline. The most commonly treated upper limb clinical presentation was clenched fist (79.1% of patients). Across all presentations, onabotulinumtoxinA doses ranged between 5‐600U. Electromyography (EMG) was most often utilized to localize muscles (≥57.0% of treatment sessions). Clinicians (92.9% of treatment sessions) and patients (85.7%) reported being extremely satisfied/satisfied that treatment helped manage spasticity, and clinicians (98.6%) and patients (92.2%) would definitely/probably continue onabotulinumtoxinA treatment. One hundred seventy‐nine patients (37.0%) reported 563 adverse events (AEs); 15 AEs in 14 patients (2.9%) were considered treatment related. Sixty‐nine patients (14.3%) reported 137 serious AEs; 3 serious AEs in 2 patients (0.4%) were considered treatment related. No new safety signals were identified.ConclusionsASPIRE captured the real‐world individualized nature of onabotulinumtoxinA utilization for upper limb spasticity over 2 years, with consistently high clinician‐ and patient‐reported satisfaction. Data in this primary analysis will guide clinical use of onabotulinumtoxinA, as well as provide insights to improve educational programs on spasticity management.
Novel tetrazol‐5‐germavinylidenes with triplet monomeric, normal, and abnormal forms studied using DFT method
Authors: Ashenagar Samaneh , Kassaee Mohamad Z. , Khorshidvand Neda 
Published: January 2020

AbstractTriplet ground state‐monomeric 1,4‐disubstituted‐tetrazole‐5‐germavinylidenes (normal, 1R) and their corresponding 1,3‐disubstituted‐tetrazole‐5‐germavinylidenes (abnormal, 2R) are computed and compared at B3LYP/6‐311++G** level, with R = H, CN, CF3, SH, NH2, OMe, and OH. Every triplet germavinylidene is more stable than its corresponding singlet form (except for 1CF3). Likewise, every triplet abnormal isomer (2R) emerges more stable than its corresponding normal isomer (1R). The most stable triplet monomeric species are 1H and 2H. All abnormal 2R isomers show higher nucleophilicity (N) and smaller band gaps (ΔEHOMO‐LUMO) than their corresponding normal 1R isomers. Electron‐donating species increase N in both 1R and 2R (R = H > NH2 > SH > OCH3 > OH > CF3 > CN). The nuclear independent chemical shift (NICS) results indicate that every 1R is more aromatic than its corresponding 2R.
Series of blue phospho‐iridium complexes with m‐filled phenyl imidazole ligands studied by density functional theory and time‐dependent density functional theory
Authors: Song Ming‐Xing , Chi Hao‐Yuan , Xi Guo‐Qing , Lü Peng , He Ke‐Chuan , Qin Zheng‐Kun , Zhang Yong‐Ling , Lü Shi‐Quan , Zhang Hong‐Jie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA series of blue phosphorescent heteroleptic cyclometalated Ir (III) complexes with mesitylphenyl‐imidazole ligands for organic light‐emitting devices are investigated theoretically to explore their electronic structures, spectroscopic properties, and application value for organic light‐emitting devices. FCNIr, (FCN)2Ir(tpip), (FCN)2Ir(acac), (CN)2Ir(tpip), (CN)2Ir(acac), and CNIr are investigated with density functional theory approaches, where, for (FCN)2Ir(acac), FCN denotes 2,4‐difluorobiphenyl3‐carbonitrile and acac denotes acetylacetonate; for (FCN)2Ir(tpip), tpip denotes tetraphenylimido‐diphosphonate); and for (CN)2Ir(acac) and (CN)2Ir(tpip), CN denotes biphenyl‐3‐carbonitrile.
A rapid and convenient derivatization method for quantitation of short‐chain fatty acids in human feces by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Fu Huan , Zhang Qing‐li , Huang Xiao‐wu , Ma Zheng‐hua , Zheng Xiao‐li , Li Shi‐lin , Duan Hao‐nan , Sun Xiao‐chu , Lin Fei‐fei , Zhao Li‐juan , Teng Guo‐sheng , Liu Jia 
Published: January 2020

RationaleShort‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are associated with intestinal microbiota and diseases in humans. SCFAs have a low response in mass spectrometry, and in order to increase sensitivity, reduce sample consumption, shorten analysis time, and simplify sample preparation steps, a derivatization method was developed.MethodsWe converted seven SCFAs into amide derivatives with 4‐aminomethylquinoline. The reaction occurred for 20 min at room temperature. The analytes were separated on a reversed‐phase C18 column and quantitated in the positive ion electrospray ionization mode using multiple reaction monitoring. Acetic acid‐d4 was used as the stable‐isotope‐labeled surrogate analyte for acetic acid in the working solutions, while the other stable‐isotope‐labeled standards were used as internal standards (ISs).ResultsMethod validation showed that the intra‐day and inter‐day precision of quantitation for the seven SCFAs over the whole concentration range was ≤3.8% (n = 6). The quantitation accuracy ranged from 85.5% to 104.3% (n = 6). Most important, the collected feces were vortexed immediately with ethanol.ConclusionsThis study provides a new derivatization method for a precise, accurate, and rapid quantitation of SCFAs in human feces using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. This method successfully determined the concentration of SCFAs in human feces and could assist in the exploration of intestinal microbiota and diseases.
Developing and evaluating national soil moisture percentile maps
Authors: Zhao Chen , Quiring Steven M. , Yuan Shanshui , McRoberts Douglas Brent , Zhang Ning , Leasor Zachary 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSoil moisture is an integral part of the climate system. There are numerous monitoring networks operated by state and federal agencies that provide real‐time soil moisture measurements in the United States. These measurements have value for a variety of applications, such as operational drought monitoring. This paper describes the methods that are used to collect and quality control soil moisture measurements from multiple networks, to convert volumetric water content to soil moisture percentiles, and to interpolate these data to a national 4‐km grid in the contiguous United States. The accuracy of three interpolation methods (inverse distance weighting [IDW], ordinary kriging [OK], and regression kriging [RK]) is evaluated, and we conclude that RK provides the most accurate approach for producing national soil moisture percentile maps. At 5 cm, the 12‐yr mean absolute error (MAE) for RK of the soil moisture percentiles is 0.17, followed by OK (0.19) and IDW (0.27). At 20 cm, the MAEs for RK, OK, and IDW are 0.18, 0.19 and 0.26, respectively. Two case studies, the 2011 drought and the 2015 summer floods in Oklahoma and West Texas, were used to demonstrate the utility of these soil moisture percentile maps.
Use of Moringa oleifera leaves in broiler production chain. 1 ‐ Effect on Sasso breeder hens performances, internal quality of hatching eggs and serum lipids
Authors: N'nanle Oumbortime , Tété‐Bénissan Amivi , Nideou Dassidi , Onagbesan Okanlawon M. , Tona Kokou 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to determine the effect of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) on breeder hen performance, hatching egg quality and blood parameters. A total of 180 Sasso broiler breeder hens were used for the study. They were allotted to two groups each containing 3 replicates of 30 hens of 18 weeks of age. Dietary treatments were a control diet (basal diet without moringa leaves) and a diet containing 10g of moringa leaves in 1kg of control diet (1% w/w). The experiment lasted 40 weeks. The following production parameters; feed intake, egg weight, laying rate and feed conversion ratio were measured for the whole experimental period while egg quality and blood parameters were assessed at different ages. Results showed that laying rate and hatching egg weight were improved by moringa meal diet for the whole experimental period. Feed intake and feed conversation ratio were decreased (p < .05) by incorporation of moringa leaves. Differences (p < .01) were observed in albumen and yolk ratio at 55th week of age. Yolk colour was (p < .001) improved by moringa meal at 31st, 43rd and 55th week of age. At the end of the experiment, serum concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and atherogenic index were decreased (p < .05) while high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol was unaffected (p > .05) by incorporation of moringa in the diet. It was concluded that the use of moringa leaves as feed additive in Sasso breeders diet improved productivity and quality of hatching eggs.