bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RUSKIN'S MEMORIAL LANDSCAPES
Authors: O'Gorman Francis 
Published: July 2002

AbstractJohn Ruskin, on significant public occasions in his later life, affirmed the healthiness of the human imagination that found in nature not divine truths, but human histories. He celebrated as a sign of a community's well being, the capacity of the eye to look at landscape with awareness of its (imagined) history. Perceiving the environment in this way was to enter imaginatively into association with one's own society's past and ancestral heritage, and to recognize a meaningful and personally relevant continuum between the present and history. But when writing his own life history, Ruskin realized with regret that he could not fully memorialise his ancestors because he had been 'profanely' indifferent to their history. Aware of the value of a memorial landscape but importantly detached from his own history, Ruskin sensed himself adrift. But the uneasy dislocation he felt here was more than personal: it was culturally suggestive as a pre-echo of the more dramatically deracinated self, detached from history and community, which characterized modernity's notion of selfhood.
BURROWING BY COMMON VOLES (MICROTUS ARVALIS) IN VARIOUS SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Dobly Alexandre , Rozenfeld Francine 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Female common voles live in groups in large burrows whereas males are probably solitary and promiscuous. At high population density, when burrows become a limiting factor, some females are forced to emigrate from their group. To investigate whether these emigrants could share new common burrows with unrelated neighbours, we analysed in the laboratory burrowing and social behaviour in dyads of unrelated wild females before and during their cohabitation. They were compared to wild male dyads. In solitary voles, no sexual difference in burrowing pattern was observed but females built a burrow more quickly than males. In both sexes, the first encounters happened in one of the burrow and were of aggressive nature; during them intruders used burrowing during offensive approaches. While males displayed hierarchy and nested for themselves, females rapidly became friendly and nested together. They reshaped their burrows in response to social nesting and had more complex burrows than solitary females or intolerant males. We may conclude that in common voles at least unrelated non breeding females may contribute to the formation of social groups. To investigate whether, within a matriarchal group, females may co-operate with their own daughters in building a new common burrow, we analysed burrowing behaviour in dyads comprising either an experienced wild mother with one of her naive daughters or two naive familiar daughters. No co-operative behaviour could be detected but experience in burrowing speeded up the building. The results strongly suggest that, within a short time, young females may improve their burrowing.
SCAN SAMPLING AND WATERFOWL ACTIVITY BUDGET STUDIES: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Hepworth Graham , Hamilton Andrew 
Published: July 2002

AbstractScan sampling is a common technique used to quantify the activities of animals, including waterfowl. When large numbers are present, it is often impractical to record the activities of each individual, and sub-sampling is employed. We present a method for the design and analysis of scan sampling studies involving sub-sampling, based on an actual study of waterfowl activity on a waste stabilisation pond. The design we propose avoids subjectivity in the selection of individuals, is truly random rather than haphazard, and is adaptable to other situations. It allows for the population on each sampling occasion to be divided into separate strata with samples taken from each. The method of analysis addresses the statistical issues arising from such designs. In estimating the proportion of individuals engaged in an activity, it uses the information from observations in which some of the individuals are counted but their activities not recorded, and estimates the sampling variance introduced by sub-sampling. In comparing the mean proportions for different levels of a factor, such as time of day, the method uses restricted maximum likelihood (REML), an algorithm which can account for the sampling variance as well as for missing data. It is anticipated that the methods described in this paper will assist researchers using the scan sampling technique, or workers in any discipline where sampling characteristics are similar.
PROXIMATE EXPLANATIONS FOR FAILED PACK FORMATION IN LYCAON PICTUS
Authors: McCreery E. Kim , Robbins Robert 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAmong the most social of all canids, the endangered African wild dog lives in packs in which the alpha pair typically monopolizes breeding while nonreproductive members help care for the offspring. Consequently, the size of the breeding population is directly related to the number of packs in the population. Although the formation of new packs affects both individual fitness and population dynamics, little is known about the process of pack formation and the proximate factors that influence the outcome. In this paper, seven cases of attempted pack formation are documented, of which four failed. Three possible explanations for pack annulment are considered: group size, mate competition, and mate choice (i.e. group compatibility). Our observations suggest that group compatibility can influence whether stable reproductive units form. The influence of individual behavior, via the process of pack formation, on population dynamics is discussed. The potential conservation application of the theoretical study of wild dog pack formation is highlighted.
Prevalence of plant parasitic nematodes associated with rice in Ghana with a discussion of their importance
Authors: Coyne Daniel L. , Plowright Richard A. , Twumasi Joe , Hunt David J. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
A survey of plant parasitic nematodes of rice was made in Ghana between
1994-1997. Fifty-one species in 29 genera were found in 145 fields from
upland, hydromorphic, rainfed lowland and irrigated lowland ecosystems in
the savannah and forest agroecological zones. Eighteen species were
endoparasites of roots. In upland/hydromorphic rice fields in the savannah
zone Pratylenchus spp. (80% of fields) and an undescribed species of
Ditylenchus (78%) were most prevalent, whilst Coslenchus franklinae (84%)
and Helicotylenchus spp. (76%) were most prevalent in the forest zone
fields. Maximum population densities encountered were 960 C. franklinae per
100 ml soil and 700 Ditylenchus n. sp. per g root. In the savannah zone
Hirschmanniella spp. (100%) were more prevalent than other nematodes in
lowland rice, but in the forest zone Xiphinema bergeri (71%) was the most
prevalent nematode in lowland rice. Occurrence of nematode species was
different in different agroecological zones and rice ecosystems. There was
no relationship between rice plant height and nematode population densities
in crops close to harvest time in upland/hydromorphic fields in the savannah
zone. Predominance des nematodes phytoparasites sur le riz au Ghana et
discussion sur leur importance - Une prospection concernant les nematodes
associes au riz a ete effectuee au Ghana de 1994 a 1997. Cinquante-et-une
especes appartenant a 29 genres ont ete trouvees dans 145 rizieres de
plateau, de bas-fonds, pluviales ou irriguees, tant en savane que dans des
zones agroecologiques forestieres. Dix-huit especes sont des endoparasites
racinaires. Dans les rizieres de plateau ou de bas-fonds en zone de savane
Pratylenchus spp. (80% des rizieres) et une espece non encore decrite de
Ditylenchus (78%) sont les plus abondants, tandis que Coslenchus franklinae
(84%) et Helicotylenchus spp. (78%) le sont dans les rizieres de zone
forestiere. Les densites maximales de population observees concernent C.
franklinae (960 per 100 cm3 de sol) et Ditylenchus n. sp. (700 per 1 g de
racines). Hirschmanniella spp. etaient plus abondants (100 %) que les autres
nematodes dans les rizieres de bas-fonds de savane, tandis c'etait Xiphinema
bergeri (71%) dans ce meme type de rizieres en zones forestieres. La
presence des differentes especes de nematodes varie suivant la zone
agroecologique et l'ecosysteme de la riziere. Il n'y a pas de relation entre
la hauteur des plants de riz et la densite des populations de nematodes pour
des cultures proches de la recolte dans les rizieres de plateau ou de
bas-fonds situees en savane.
Observations on three species of the subfamily Acrobelinae (Nematoda: Cephalobidae) from India
Authors: Tahseen Qudsia , Ahmad Irfan , Jairajpuri M. Shamim 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Three populations belonging to Zeldia punctata , Chiloplacus subtenuis and
Seleborca complexa , respectively, were studied morphometrically, with
additional details provided by scanning electron microscopy. Z. punctata ,
Aligarh population, is characterised by a medium sized body with five
non-crenate lateral incisures, prominently cuticularized cheilostom, dentate
guard processes of primary cephalic axils reaching about 66% of cephalic
probolae length. C. subtenuis, population collected from Surat, India, shows
five lateral incisures, labial probolae bifurcate about 20% of length, with
short and blunt margins, female tail long with 22-24 annules, without
indented tip, males with four precloacal and four post-cloacal pairs genital
papillae and with inner lateral incisures interrupted at tail. The Aligarh
population of S. complexa shows double, coarsely striated cuticle, two
areolated lateral incisures, labial probolae bifurcate to about 67% of
length, each arm bearing seven to nine tines on the outer side, middle tine
on cephalic probolae at secondary cephalic axils enlarged, males with
strongly developed, cephalated spicules and with three paired and a single
median pre-cloacal and five post-cloacal pairs of genital papillae.
Observations sur trois especes de la sous-familledes Acrobelinae (Nematoda:
Cephalobidae) de l'Inde- Trois populations appartenant chacune a Zeldia
punctata , Chiloplacus tenuis et Seleborca complexa ont ete etudiees, des
donnees complementaires en microscopie electronique a balayage etant
fournies. Z. punctata , population Aligarh, est caracterise par un corps de
taille moyenne avec cinq incisures laterales non crenelees, un cheilostome
cuticularise proeminent, des proces de protection des axilles cephaliques
primaires atteignant environ 66% de la longueur des proboles cephaliques. La
population de C. subtenuis, collectee a Surat, Inde, montre cinq incisures
laterales, des proboles labiales bifurquees a 20% de leur longueur et a
sommets courts et lisses, la queue de la femelle comportant 22 a 24 anneaux
et a extremite non indentee, les males avec quatre paires precloacales et
quatre paires postcloacales de papilles genitales, les incisures laterales
internes etant interrompues sur la queue. La population de S. complexa
provenant d'Aligarh possede une cuticule double a annelation forte, deux
incisures laterales areolees, des proboles labiales bifurquees a environ 67%
de leur longueur, chaque branche portant sept a neuf pointes sur la marge
exterieure, la pointe mediane elargie des proboles cephaliques au niveau des
axilles cephaliques secondaires, les males a spicules fortement developpes
et renfles a l'extremite anterieure, les papilles genitales etant reparties
en trois paires pre-cloacales, une mediane unique pre-cloacale et cinq
paires post-cloacales.
Siderite zonation within the Brent Group: microbial influence or aquifer flow?
Authors: Wilkinson M. , Haszeldine R. S. , Fallick A. E. , Osborne M. J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractA three-fold zonation can be imaged within authigenic siderite from sandstones of the Brent Group using back-scatter SEM techniques. We interpret this zonation in terms of the biogeochemical zonation of shallow buried sediment. The innermost siderite crystal zone is very Fe rich (95.0±0.5 mol.% FeCO3), with high Mn levels relative to Ca and Mg. This is interpreted as forming within the Fe reduction zone, with Mn from the closely associated Mn reduction zone. The second siderite crystal zone is frequently represented either by an episode of dissolution, or is impure (80±1 mol.% FeCO3), and this corresponds to the sulphate reduction zone. The outer crystal zone is intermediate in composition, and is equated with the zone of methanogenesis (88±1 mol.% FeCO3). Isotopic values cannot be assigned to individual crystal zones. Bulk δ18O values (−2.7 to −13.0‰ V-PDB) are not consistent with precipitation from seawater at low temperatures, but suggest meteoric pore-waters. δ13C data (−4.3 to −15.7‰ V-PDB) are consistent with microbially-mediated precipitation.Pyrite and siderite are usually mutually exclusive within a single sample. Sedimentary conditions which favour the development of a strong sulphate reduction zone, and hence the formation of pyrite, do not favour the formation of a strong sub-oxic zone, where siderite is preferentially precipitated, and vice versa. There is a strong facies control upon siderite formation, with ripple cross-laminated sands being most strongly siderite cemented.
Finite strain has no influence on the illite crystallinity of tectonized Eocene limestone breccias of the Morcles nappe, Swiss Alps
Authors: Burkhard M. , Badertscher N. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe relationship between illite crystallinity (IC) and finite strain as well as lattice strain and crystallite size of illite is examined in a series of 27 deformed breccia samples from the inverted limb of the Morcles nappe. The IC is determined independently for limestone components and a red/green clay-silt matrix. The finite strain varies widely (D= 0.8–2.5). The IC values vary from diagenetic to epizonal, but no correlation with finite strain could be established. The spread of IC values is explained by heterogeneities within the protolith which have not been homogenized/ obliterated by the anchizonal to epizonal metamorphic overprint. While limestone pebbles display IC values in agreement with the regional metamorphic conditions, the clay-silt matrix has anomalously high IC values, even after deconvolution of the 10 Å peak to correct for the presence of paragonite/muscovite. No correlation could be established between finite strain, lattice strain and/or crystallite size of illite.
The origin of iridescence in anthophyllite-gedrite from Simiuttat, Nuuk district, southern West Greenland
Authors: Champness P. E. , Rodgers K. A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe golden iridescence observed in orthoamphiboles from the Nuuk district, southern West Greenland has been shown by analytical transmission electron microscopy to be the result of the interference of light reflected from alternate, coherent gedrite and anthophyllite exsolution lamellae parallel to (010). The lamellae are periodic with an average spacing of ∼180 nm; lamellae with this spacing would give rise to yellow iridescence. It is concluded that the exsolution lamellae are the origin of the features previously seen on cleaved surfaces of the amphiboles in the atomic force microscope (AFM). The suggestion is that the 0.75° difference in the cleavage angle for the two phases produces corrugations that are imaged by AFM. The morphology of the lamellae is consistent with an origin by spinodal decomposition.
Aluminium in quartz as an indicator of the temperature of formation of agate
Authors: Götze J. , Plötze M. , Tichomirowa M. , Fuchs H. , Pilot J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAn ‘Al-thermometer’ was applied to agate samples of volcanic parent rocks to provide information about the temperature of agate formation. The temperatures were calculated from concentrations of [AlO4]0 centres determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements. The calculations for agate bands in some cases yield temperatures of up to 655°C, which are assumed to be invalid; they are thought to be artifacts resulting from non-equilibrium crystallization processes. In contrast, the formation temperatures (60–198°C) estimated for associated quartz incrustations within the agate geodes are in good accord with those calculated from oxygen isotope data. Direct estimation of the formation temperatures of agates is problematic. The best results will be obtained by analyses of associated phanerocrystalline quartz incrustations.
Goldmanite from the black slates of the Ogcheon belt, Korea
Authors: Jeong G. Y. , Kim Y. H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractGoldmanite, the vanadium analogue of grossular and andradite, was found as subrounded green porphyroblasts ranging from 0.1 to 1.7 mm in size in the carbonaceous black slates from the Deokpyeong area of the Ogcheon belt in Korea. A radiating aggregate of slightly curved blades of goldmanite crystals displays birefringence and replaces the fine-grained black matrix. The V2O3 content ranges from 21.9 to 26.6 wt.% (24.0 wt.% average), higher than previously reported values. The calculated mole % of the goldmanite end-member ranges from 72 to 91. Its cell dimension was calculated to be 12.04 Å from X-ray diffraction. The black slate in the Deokpyeong area is the richest known accessible source of relatively pure goldmanite.
Loparite and ‘metaloparite’ from the Burpala alkaline complex, Baikal Alkaline
Province (Russia)
Authors: Chakhmouradian A. R. , Mitchell R. H. , Pankov A. V. , Chukanov N. V. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Loparite-(Ce) is a ubiquitous accessory mineral in modally diverse
albite-rich metasomatic rocks of the Burpala alkaline complex, Siberia.
Compositionally, the mineral approaches the ideal formula
NaREETi2O6
(REE = Ce > La > Nd > Pr > Sm), and
contains minor CaTiO3 (<4.8 mol.%),
SrTiO3 (<4.7 mol.%) and NaNbO3
(<6.4 mol.%), The mineral is pseudocubic
[ap = 3.8815(3) Å], and
produces an XRD pattern similar to that of synthetic
NaCeTi2O6
[Pnma, a = 5.4517(4),
b = 7.7058(9), c =
5.4333(6) Å]. The atomic coordinates and isotropic thermal parameters of synthetic
NaCeTi2O6 refined from an XRD powder
pattern using the Rietveld method, are given. At Burpala, loparite precipitated
from an alkaline REE-rich fluid during the metasomatic
alteration of earlier-formed intrusive rocks. In some parageneses, loparite was
replaced by ‘metaloparite’ during the final stages of metasomatism. ‘Metaloparite’
has the empirical formula
REETi2O6-x(OH,F)x·nH2O,
and shows minor enrichment in Ca and depletion in Sr, compared to co-existing
loparite. The formation of ‘metaloparite’ involved cation leaching, hydration and
ion-exchange between loparite and a fluid. ‘Metaloparite’ is metamict at room
temperature, but some samples regain the perovskite-type structure upon
heating.
Verotoxin-1–induced up-regulation of adhesive molecules renders microvascular endothelial cells thrombogenic at high shear stress
Authors: Morigi Marina , Galbusera Miriam , Binda Elena , Imberti Barbara , Gastoldi Sara , Remuzzi Andrea , Zoja Carla , Remuzzi Giuseppe 
Published: July 2002

AbstractVerotoxin-1 (VT-1)–producing Escherichia coli is the causative agent of postdiarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+HUS) of children, which leads to renal and other organ microvascular thrombosis. Why thrombi form only on arterioles and capillaries is not known. This study investigated whether VT-1 directly affected endothelial antithrombogenic properties promoting platelet deposition and thrombus formation on human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1) under high shear stress. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used for comparison as a large-vessel endothelium. HMEC-1 and HUVECs were pre-exposed for 24 hours to increasing concentrations of VT-1 (2-50 pM) and then perfused at 60 dynes/cm2 with heparinized human blood prelabeled with mepacrine. Results showed that VT-1 significantly increased platelet adhesion and thrombus formation on HMEC-1 in comparison with unstimulated control cells. An increase in thrombus formation was also observed on HUVECs exposed to VT-1, but to a remarkably lower extent. The greater sensitivity of HMEC-1 to the toxin in comparison with HUVECs was at least in part due to a higher expression of VT-1 receptor (20-fold more) as documented by FACS analysis. The HMEC-1 line had a comparable susceptibility to the thrombogenic effect of VT-1 as primary human microvascular cells of the same dermal origin (HDMECs). The adhesive molecules involved in VT-induced thrombus formation were also studied. Blocking the binding of von Willebrand factor to platelet glycoprotein Ib by aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) or inhibition of platelet αIIbβ3-integrin by chimeric 7E3 Fab resulted in a significant reduction of VT-1–induced thrombus formation, suggesting the involvement of von Willebrand factor–platelet interaction at high shear stress in this phenomenon. Functional blockade of endothelial β3-integrin subunit, vitronectin receptor, P-selectin, and PECAM-1 with specific antibodies was associated with a significant decrease of the endothelial area covered by thrombi. Confocal microscopy studies revealed that VT-1 increased the expression of vitronectin receptor and P-selectin and redistributed PECAM-1 away from the cell-cell border of HMEC-1, as well as of HDMECs, thus indicating that the above endothelial adhesion molecules are directly involved and possibly determine the effect of VT-1 on enhancing platelet adhesion and thrombus formation in microvascular endothelium. These results might help to explain why thrombi in HUS localize in microvessels rather than in larger ones and provide insights on the molecular events involved in the process of microvascular thrombosis associated with D+HUS.
Genetic polymorphism in exon 4 of cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 may be associated with warfarin sensitivity in Chinese patients
Authors: Leung Anskar Y. H. , Chow Howard C. H. , Kwong Y. L. , Lie Albert K. W. , Fung Alvin T. K. , Chow W. H. , Yip Alex S. B. , Liang Raymond 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
CYP2C9 polymorphisms reported in Caucasians (Arg144Cys in exon 3 and Ile359Leu in exon 7) are extremely uncommon in Chinese persons. The genotype of CYP2C9 in this population was characterized to investigate its relation with the interindividual variation in warfarin dosages. Eighty-nine Chinese patients receiving warfarin were recruited. Target sequences inCYP2C9 in exons 1, 4, and 5 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, followed by direct sequencing. Polymorphisms at 4 positions were demonstrated in exon 4. Heterozygosities for 608TTG&gt;GTG (Leu208Val), 561CAG&gt;CCG (Gln192Pro), 537CAT&gt;CCT (His184Pro), and 527ATT&gt;CTT (Ile181Leu) existed at frequencies 0.75, 0.20, 0.10, and 0.09, respectively. Seventeen patients (frequency, 0.19) were homozygous for Val208. The common genotypic combinations at these loci are Ile181/His184/Gln192/Leu208Val (n = 50), Ile181/His184/Gln192/Val208 (n = 15), Ile181/His184/Gln192/Leu208 (n = 4), Ile181/His184/Gln192Pro/Leu208Val (n = 6), Ile181/His184Pro/Gln192Pro/Leu208Val (n = 4), and Ile181Leu/His184/Gln192Pro/ Leu208Val (n = 4). At codon 208, heterozygous Leu208Val and homozygous Val208 appeared to have a lower warfarin dose requirement than the homozygous Leu208. Patients who are heterozygous for Ile181Leu had a higher warfarin dose requirement than the homozygous Ile181. Amplified sequences in exons 1 and 5 did not exhibit polymorphism. In conclusion, Chinese patients showed genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C9 in exon 4 and at codon 208; most were heterozygous Leu208Val and homozygous Val208. Homozygous Leu208, a common allele in Caucasians, is uncommon in this cohort. The significance of these CYP2C9 polymorphic alleles remains to be determined.