bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Airway Hemangiomas in PHACE Syndrome: A Multicenter Experience
Authors: Czechowicz Josephine A. , Benjamin Tania , Bly Randall A. , Ganti Sheila N. , Balkin Daniel M. , Perkins Jonathan A. , Frieden Ilona J. , Rosbe Kristina W. 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveTo describe the prevalence and clinical characteristics of airway findings in a multi‐institutional cohort of PHACE patients.Study DesignMulticenter retrospective case series.SettingMultidisciplinary vascular anomalies clinics at 2 institutions.MethodsData were collected from the electronic medical record, including clinical presentation, airway findings, treatment, and outcomes.ResultsOf 55 PHACE patients, 22 (40%) had airway hemangiomas. Patients with airway involvement were more commonly female (P =. 034, odds ratio [OR] 23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3‐410) and of Caucasian ethnicity (P =. 020, OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.3‐21). Anatomically, patients with bilateral S3 involvement had higher rates of airway disease (P =. 0012, OR 15, 95% CI 2.9‐77). Most patients with airway hemangiomas had stridor (68%). Of the patients managed in the propranolol era (2008 or later, n = 35), 14 had airway involvement. All 14 were treated with propranolol, whereas 13 (62%) of 21 nonairway patients were treated with propranolol. The average treatment duration was longer in the airway patients (22.1 vs 16.7 months). All patients who underwent tracheostomy (n = 4) did so before 2008.ConclusionRisk factors for airway involvement in PHACE include female gender, Caucasian ethnicity, and stridor. Since the widespread use of propranolol, fewer patients have required surgical management of their airway disease. Given the high prevalence of airway involvement even in patients without stridor, assessment of the airway is a crucial component of a comprehensive PHACE workup.
A qualitative and quantitative assessment of simultaneous strain, shear wave, and point shear wave elastography to distinguish malignant and benign breast lesions
Authors: Altıntas Yasemin , Bayrak Mehmet , Alabaz Ömer , Celiktas Medih 
Published: October 2020

Background Ultrasound (US) elastography has become a routine instrument in ultrasonographic diagnosis that measures the consistency and stiffness of tissues. Purpose To distinguish benign and malignant breast masses using a single US system by comparing the diagnostic parameters of three kinds of breast elastography simultaneously added to B-mode ultrasonography. Material and Methods A total of 163 breast lesions in 159 consecutive women who underwent US-guided core needle biopsy were included in this prospective study. Before the biopsy, the lesions were examined with B-mode ultrasonography and strain (SE), shear wave (SWE), and point shear wave (STQ) elastography. The strain ratio was computed and the Tsukuba score determined. The mean elasticity values using SWE and STQ were computed and converted to Young’s modulus E (kPa). Results All SE, SWE, and STQ parameters showed similar diagnostic performance. The SE score, SE ratio, SWEmean, SWEmax, STQmean, and STQmax yielded higher specificity than B-mode US alone to differentiate benign and malignant masses. The sensitivity of B-mode US, SWE, and STQ was slightly higher than that of the SE score and SE ratio. The SE score, SE ratio, SWEmean, SWEmax, STQmean, and STQmax had significantly higher positive predictive value and diagnostic accuracy than B-mode US alone. The area under the curve for each of these elastography methods in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions was 0.93, 0.93, 0.98, 0.97, 0.98, and 0.96, respectively; P<0.001 for all measurements. Conclusion SE (ratio and score), SWE, and STQ had higher diagnostic performance individually than B-mode US alone in distinguishing between malignant and benign breast masses.
Occupational balance in people with type-2 diabetes: A comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Binesh Maryam , Aghili Rokhsareh , Mehraban Afsoon Hassani 
Published: October 2020

Introduction Diabetes mellitus may negatively impact individuals’ occupational balance. This study seeks to compare occupational balance in people with and without diabetes and also explore the biological and psychological factors associated with occupational balance in people with diabetes. Method This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted using simple non-probability sampling. Participants’ occupational balance was evaluated by the Life Balance Inventory. Blood samples were taken from those with diabetes and analyzed. Psychological distress was also evaluated in the people with diabetes using the Diabetes Distress Scale. Results A total of 160 individuals, including 80 people with diabetes and 80 people without diabetes, participated in this study. The mean occupational balance scores for people with and without diabetes were 2.56 and 2.61, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups in occupational balance. Distress was the only significant factor related to occupational balance in people with diabetes ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Distress was the only bio-psychological factor associated with occupational balance in people with diabetes. A higher level of distress is associated with lower occupational balance and also poor glycemic control in this population.
National Physician Survey for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation (NVAF) Anticoagulation Comparing Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Cardiologist to PCPs
Authors: Saeed Haseeb , Ovalle Oscar Garza , Bokhary Ujala , Jermihov Anastasia , Lepkowska Kamila , Bauer Victoria , Kuchta Kristine , Wright Marcia , Glosner Scott , Frazer Margaret , Quintero Andres , Hlavacek Patrick , Mardekian Jack , Tafur Alfonso , Metzl Mark , Saucedo Jorge 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: NVAF is estimated to affect between 6.4 and 7.4 million Americans in 2018, and increases the risk of stroke 5-fold. To mitigate this risk, guidelines recommend anticoagulating AF patients unless their stroke risk is very low. Despite these recommendations, 30.0-60.0% of NVAF patients do not receive indicated anticoagulation. To better understand why this may be, we surveyed PCPs and cardiologists nationwide on their attitudes, knowledge and practices toward managing NVAF with warfarin and direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Methods: We surveyed 1,000 PCPs and 500 cardiologists selected randomly from a master list of the American Medical Association, using a paper based, anonymous, self-administered, mailed scannable survey. The survey contained questions on key demographics and data concerning attitudes, knowledge and practices related to prescribing DOACs. The surveys went out in the fall/winter of 2017-8 with a $10 incentive gift card. Survey responses were scanned into an Excel database and analyzed using SAS 9.3 (Cary, NC) for descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Two hundred and forty-nine providers (167 PCPs, 82 cardiologists) participated in the study with a response rate of 18.8% (249/1320). Respondent mean years ±SD of experience since completing residency was 23.2 ± 13.8. Relative to cardiologists, less PCPs use CHADsVASC (36.8% vs. 74.4%) (p < 0.0001); more have never used HAS-BLED, HEMORR2HAGES, or ATRIA (38.5% vs. 9.8%) (p < .0001); more felt that their lack of knowledge/experience with DOACs was a barrier to prescribing the agents (p = 0.005); and more reported that they could use additional education on DOACs (87.0% vs. 47.0%) (p < 0.0001). Overall, cardiologists were more concerned about ischemic stroke outcomes, while PCPs were more concerned with GI bleeding. Cardiologists also felt that clinical trial data were most helpful in choosing the most appropriate DOAC for their patients, while PCPs felt that Real World Data was most useful. Conclusions: Cardiologists were more concerned with ischemic stroke while anticoagulating patients and utilized screening instruments like CHADsVASC in a majority of their patients. PCPs were concerned with GI bleeds when anticoagulating but nearly 40.0% utilized no screening tools to assess bleeding risk. Our findings show that future education about DOACs would be warranted especially with PCPs.
Who is the typical psychedelics user? Methodological challenges for research in psychedelics use and its consequences
Authors: Johnstad Petter Grahl 
Published: October 2020

Aims: This article argues that despite a resurgence in research on psychedelics over the last two decades, we still have little insight into the psychedelics user population. Furthermore, there is currently little agreement between researchers as to the long-term mental health consequences of psychedelics use. Design: In a methodological review of a range of studies in psychedelics use, it is demonstrated that these studies tend to focus on specific segments of the user population while excluding others. These population segments are probably connected to different patterns of use, which in turn are likely to result in different long-term consequences. Results: The divergent findings on the consequences of psychedelics use may be explained, at least in part, by the fact that different research strategies explore different segments of the user population. Studies focusing on user segments with problematic usage patterns tend to find that psychedelics use is negative for mental health, while studies on infrequent users tend to find that psychedelics use is positive for mental health. Conclusion: Because the field of psychedelics studies lacks a reliable model of the user population, it is difficult for researchers to contextualise and assess the broader validity of their findings. To remedy this situation, the article presents three theoretical models of the user population that afford us with tentative means of contextualising findings and thereby may clarify present disagreements.
Infliximab clearance decreases in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Grišić Ana‐Marija , Dorn‐Rasmussen Maria , Ungar Bella , Brynskov Jørn , Ilvemark Johan F. K. F. , Bolstad Nils , Warren David J. , Ainsworth Mark A. , Huisinga Wilhelm , Ben‐Horin Shomron , Kloft Charlotte , Steenholdt Casper 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundInfliximab therapy during pregnancy in inflammatory bowel disease is challenged by a dilemma between maintaining adequate maternal disease control while minimizing fetal infliximab exposure. We investigated the effects of pregnancy on infliximab pharmacokinetics.MethodsThe study population comprised 23 retrospectively identified pregnancies. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease were generally in clinical remission at pregnancy conception (74%) and received steady infliximab maintenance therapy (5 mg/kg q8w n = 17; q6w n = 4; q10w n = 1; 10 mg/kg q8w n = 1). Trough blood samples had been obtained in the same patients prior to pregnancy (n = 119), the first trimester (n = 16), second trimester (n = 18), third trimester (n = 7), and postpregnancy (n = 12). Data were analyzed using nonlinear mixed‐effects population pharmacokinetic modeling.ResultsDose‐normalized infliximab concentrations were significantly higher during the second trimester (median 15 mg/ml/kg, interquartile range 10–21) compared to prepregnancy (7, 2–12; p = 0.003), the first trimester (9, 1–12; p = 0.04), or postpregnancy (6, interquartile range 3–11; p > 0.05) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Similar trends were observed in the third trimester (13, 7–36; p > 0.05). A one‐compartment model with linear elimination described the pharmacokinetics of infliximab (volume of distribution n = 18.2 L; clearance 0.61 L/day). Maternal infliximab exposure was influenced by the second and third trimester of pregnancy and anti‐infliximab antibodies, and not by pregnancy‐imposed physiological changes in, for example, body weight or albumin. Infliximab clearance decreased significantly during the second and third trimesters by up to 15% as compared to pre‐ and postpregnancy and the first trimester. The increased maternal infliximab exposure was weakly associated with lowered clinical disease activity. Pharmacokinetic model simulations of virtual patients indicated the increased maternal infliximab trough concentrations imposed by pregnancy will not completely counteract the decrease in infliximab concentration if therapy is paused in the third trimester.ConclusionInfliximab clearance decreases significantly in the second and third trimesters, leading to increasing maternal infliximab concentrations in any given regimen. Maternal infliximab levels may thus be maintained as constant in a de‐intensified regimen by therapeutic drug monitoring guidance in inflammatory bowel disease.
Fatigue predicts future reduced social participation, not reduced physical function or quality of life in people with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Murphy Susan L , Whibley Daniel , Kratz Anna L , Poole Janet L , Khanna Dinesh 
Published: October 2020

Objective: Although fatigue is one of the most problematic symptoms for people with systemic sclerosis, little is known about how fatigue impacts daily life over time. Such information is important when developing fatigue management interventions. This study was conducted to examine (1) if fatigue severity predicted outcomes of worse functioning (social participation, physical function), and quality of life and (2) if level of self-efficacy moderated significant relationships between fatigue and these outcomes. Methods: Data were utilized from a clinical trial in which an online self-management intervention was tested (N = 267). Fatigue, social participation, and physical function were assessed by PROMIS measures. Quality of life was assessed by the EuroQol 5-domain instrument. Linear regressions were performed to examine how baseline fatigue related to functioning and quality of life outcomes 16 weeks later controlling for relevant covariates. PROMIS measures were used to measure self-efficacy in managing symptoms, daily activities, medications and treatments, emotions, and social interactions. Results: Fatigue at baseline significantly predicted social participation 16 weeks later, but did not predict physical functioning or quality of life. Self-efficacy variables did not moderate the association between fatigue and social participation. Conclusion: Fatigue severity predicted decreased social participation in people with systemic sclerosis. Interventions targeting fatigue should include support to maintain participation of social roles and activities. The level of reported self-efficacy did not vary the strength of the association between fatigue and decline in social participation indicating that there may be other targets to treat fatigue intervention beyond self-management.
In silico analysis of gene expression in V3a and the superior occipital gyrus: Relevance for migraine
Authors: Lisicki Marco , Carpinella Mariela , Coppola Gianluca , Zamparella Tatiana Castro , Ruiz-Romagnoli Emiliano , Manise Maïté , de Noordhout Alain Maertens , Schoenen Jean , Magris Diego Conci 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Visual manifestations are the most prominent non-painful features of migraine. During the last decades, visual area V3a has gathered attention of headache scientists because of its apparent implication on aura initiation, photophobia and cortical hyper-responsiveness related to visual motion perception. In this hypothesis-generating study, we performed an in silico analysis of gene expression in left V3a and the cerebral gyrus that harbours it (left superior occipital gyrus (lSOG)) searching for transcriptomic patterns that could be linked with migraine’s pathophysiology. Materials and methods: Neurotransmitter receptor gene expression levels in left V3a were extracted from validated brain mRNA expression models using a probabilistic volumetric mask of this region. The primary visual cortex and other sensory cortices (auditory, olfactory and somatosensory) were used as comparators. Genome-wide transcriptomic differences between the gyrus harbouring left V3a (lSOG) and the rest of the cerebral cortex were assessed using the Allen Brain Institute Human RNA micro array atlas/database. Results: Adrenergic receptor β1, dopaminergic receptor D3 and serotoninergic receptors 1B, 1F and 2A, which have been previously implicated in migraine’s pathophysiology and/or treatment, showed significantly higher expression levels on left V3a. Transcriptomic differences between the lSOG harbouring V3a and the rest of the cortex comprise genes whose products are involved in neuronal excitability (SLC17A6, KCNS1, KCNG1 and GABRQ), activation of multiple signal transduction pathways (MET) and cell metabolism (SPHKAP via its interaction with cAMP-dependent protein kinase). Conclusions: Focal gene expression analysis of V3a suggests some clues about its implication in migraine. Further studies are warranted.
Effects of γ-irradiation on the Cu2+ sorption behaviour of NaOH-modified Philippine natural zeolites
Authors: Gili Mon Bryan Z. , Olegario Eleanor M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAdsorption kinetic and thermodynamic tests were conducted using non-irradiated and γ-irradiated (400 kGy) NaOH-modified Philippine natural zeolites for the removal of Cu2+ ions in aqueous solution. The effects of γ-radiation on zeolites were investigated. Samples were equilibrated with binary systems of Cu2+ ↔ 2Na+ at room temperature. There were no significant changes in the elemental composition of the irradiated zeolite. Irradiation primarily results in the shrinking of the zeolite framework and improvements in the crystallinity. The γ-irradiation increases the sorption uptake according to the kinetic study in which the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic tests show that the adsorption isotherms of the two samples are best described by the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities of the non-irradiated and γ-irradiated NaOH-modified zeolites are 33.00 and 43.22 mg Cu2+ g–1, respectively, suggesting that γ-irradiation might enhance the maximum adsorption capacity by up to 30.8%.
Clinical MDR1 inhibitors enhance Smac-mimetic bioavailability to kill murine LSCs and improve survival in AML models
Authors: Morrish Emma , Copeland Anthony , Moujalled Donia M. , Powell Jason A. , Silke Natasha , Lin Ann , Jarman Kate E. , Sandow Jarrod J. , Ebert Gregor , Mackiewicz Liana , Beach Jessica A. , Christie Elizabeth L. , Lewis Alexander C. , Pomilio Giovanna , Fischer Karla C. , MacPherson Laura , Bowtell David D. L. , Webb Andrew I. , Pellegrini Marc , Dawson Mark A. , Pitson Stuart M. , Wei Andrew H. , Silke John , Brumatti Gabriela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe specific targeting of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins by Smac-mimetic (SM) drugs, such as birinapant, has been tested in clinical trials of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and certain solid cancers. Despite their promising safety profile, SMs have had variable and limited success. Using a library of more than 5700 bioactive compounds, we screened for approaches that could sensitize AML cells to birinapant and identified multidrug resistance protein 1 inhibitors (MDR1i) as a class of clinically approved drugs that can enhance the efficacy of SM therapy. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of MDR1 increased intracellular levels of birinapant and sensitized AML cells from leukemia murine models, human leukemia cell lines, and primary AML samples to killing by birinapant. The combination of clinical MDR1 and IAP inhibitors was well tolerated in vivo and more effective against leukemic cells, compared with normal hematopoietic progenitors. Importantly, birinapant combined with third-generation MDR1i effectively killed murine leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and prolonged survival of AML-burdened mice, suggesting a therapeutic opportunity for AML. This study identified a drug combination strategy that, by efficiently killing LSCs, may have the potential to improve outcomes in patients with AML.
Novel Surface Design of Deployable Reflector Antenna Based on Polar Scissor Structures
Authors: Zhao Pengyuan , Liu Jinguo , Wu Chenchen , Li Yangmin , Chen Keli 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpace-deployable mechanisms can be used as supporting structures for large-diameter antennas in space engineering. This study proposes a novel method for constructing the surface design of space reflector antennas based on polar scissor units. The concurrency and deployability equations of the space scissor unit with definite surface constraints are derived using the rod and vector methods. Constraint equations of the spatial transformation for space n-edge polar scissor units are summarized. A new closed-loop deployable structure, called the polar scissor deployable antenna (PSDA), is designed by combining planar polar scissor units with spatial polar scissor units. The over-constrained problem is solved by releasing the curve constraint that locates at the end-point of the planar scissor mechanism. Kinematics simulation and error analysis are performed. The results show that the PSDA can effectively fit the paraboloid of revolution. Finally, deployment experiments verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed design method, which provides a new idea for the construction of large space-reflector antennas.
Comparison of reliability evaluation methods between China and Canada standards for wood structures featuring duration of load
Authors: Wu Qiongyao , Niu Shuang , Zhu Enchun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDuration of load (DOL) is a key factor in design of wood structures, which makes the reliability analysis of wood structures more complicated. The importance of DOL is widely recognized, yet the methods and models through which it is incorporated into design codes vary substantially by country/region. Few investigations of the effect of different model assumptions of DOL and other random variables on the results of reliability analysis of wood structures can be found. In this paper, comparisons are made on the reliability analysis methods that underlie the China and the Canada standards for design of wood structures. Main characteristics of these two methods, especially the way how DOL is treated are investigated. Reliability analysis was carried out with the two methods employing the same set of material properties and load parameters. The resulted relationships between reliability index β and resistance partial factor γR* (the β–γR* curves) for four load combinations are compared to study the safety level indicated by the two methods. The comparison shows that the damage accumulation model (Foschi–Yao model) in the Canada analysis method is highly dependent on the type and duration of load, resulting in more conservative design than the China analysis method in loading cases dominated by dead load, but less conservative design in cases of high level of live loads. The characteristics of the load effect term of the performance function are also found to make considerable difference in reliability levels between the two methods. This study aims to provide references for researchers and standard developers in the field of wood structures.