bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility study of ultrasound video bronchoscopy for sampling endobronchial lesions
Authors: Oki Masahide , Saka Hideo , Kogure Yoshihito , Oka Saori , Nakahata Masashi , Shigematsu Fumie , Ishida Akane , Kitagawa Chiyoe 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroductionEndobronchial biopsy using forceps is generally performed with a standard bronchoscope, while a needle is used with an endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) bronchoscope. An EBUS video bronchoscope, such as the EB‐530US instrument (Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japan), provides good visibility and may, therefore, enable both forceps biopsies and needle aspirations to be performed.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of performing forceps biopsies and needle aspirations using the EBUS video bronchoscope for diagnosing endobronchial lesions.MethodsSeventy patients with suspected endobronchial lesions based on a computed tomography scan were recruited and underwent forceps biopsy using the EB‐530US EBUS bronchoscope. If the result of a rapid on‐site cytological evaluation was negative, an additional needle aspiration of the same lesion or other target lesions was performed. The primary outcome was the completion rate of bronchoscopy, using only the EBUS bronchoscope without removal.ResultsIn the 70 patients, forceps biopsies and/or needle aspirations using the EBUS video bronchoscope were performed and completed without removing the EBUS bronchoscope in 67 patients (95.7%). The remaining three patients required the removal of the EBUS bronchoscope from the trachea (blood clot obstruction of the working channel in one patient and change to a thin bronchoscope to sample an EBUS bronchoscope‐inaccessible lesion in two others). The EBUS bronchoscope provided diagnostic material in 66 patients (94.3%). One case each of bleeding and pneumonia were observed (1.4%).ConclusionBoth forceps biopsy and needle aspiration are feasible using a Fujifilm EB‐530US EBUS video bronchoscope.
Is there enough naloxone to deter the diversion? Effect of concurrent administration of intravenous naloxone on opioid agonist effects of intravenous buprenorphine: A randomised, double‐blind, within‐subject, crossover study among opioid‐dependent subjects
Authors: Dhagudu Naveen K. , Ambekar Atul , Agrawal Alok , Rao Ravindra , Mishra Ashwani K. , Jain Raka , Singh Shalini 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsWe aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of different intravenous doses of naloxone on reinforcing effect of intravenous buprenorphine (2 mg) in patients stabilised on sublingual buprenorphine.Design and MethodsThis is a double‐blind, within‐subject, randomised, crossover study. Opioid‐dependent patients, with history of intravenous drug use, stabilised on buprenorphine maintenance treatment were included after informed consent (n = 14). We administered and assessed the reinforcing effects of six test conditions: buprenorphine and naloxone co‐formulation (BNX) in 4:1, 2:1 and 1:1 dose ratio (i.e. buprenorphine 2 mg + naloxone 0.5, 1 and 2 mg, respectively), buprenorphine alone (2 mg), pheniramine maleate (45.5 mg) and saline at 24 hourly intervals.ResultsNo significant opioid withdrawals were precipitated during any test conditions. Compared to buprenorphine alone, 4:1 BNX had comparable euphoria, drug recognition, subjective opiate sensations and drug liking (P > 0.05); 2:1 BNX condition had significantly different subjective euphoria (P = 0.001), opioid recognition (P = 0.002), subjective opioid sensations at 60 min (P = 0.027) and drug liking (P < 0.001), while 1:1 BNX had significantly different objective euphoria (P = 0.002), opioid recognition (P = 0.030), subjective opioid sensations (P < 0.001) and drug liking (P < 0.001). No significant difference was noted on sedation scores between buprenorphine alone and all three combinations of BNX.Discussion and ConclusionsThe 4:1 BNX condition did not impact the reinforcing agonist effects of buprenorphine. None of the intravenous BNX combination ratios precipitated opioid withdrawals. Findings emphasise the need for exploring more abuse deterrent mechanisms.
Toward a Presentist Pedagogy of Interest
Authors: Zipory Oded 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this essay, Oded Zipory assigns a different meaning to presentism in education: one that signifies respect for the present, especially for the actual student in his here‐and‐now. Zipory suggests that the key component of such a presentist pedagogy is interest and argues that focusing on children's current and possible interests instead of, or at least in addition to, working toward their expected future achievement is both respectful of children as meaning‐makers and promising in regard to their autonomy. First, he lays out principles for a presentist pedagogy of interest. Following Harry Frankfurt's work on the concept of care, Zipory suggests that schools should pay attention to the fact that students care about various things in addition to focusing on children's required knowledge and desired behavior. He then shows that being interested in something is a particular form of caring about it, and that this form is closely connected to education and learning. After showing the importance of interests to education, Zipory presents the challenges to incorporating them into a curriculum, and, drawing on P. S. Wilson's work, suggests strategies for coping with these challenges. He concludes by addressing the temporal tension embedded in the word “interest” itself and suggests that, in order to distance education from instrumentalization and commodification, a present‐oriented meaning of interest should be adopted.
Inherited RORB pathogenic variants: Overlap of photosensitive genetic generalized and occipital lobe epilepsy
Authors: Sadleir Lynette G. , de Valles‐Ibáñez Guillem , King Chontelle , Coleman Matthew , Mossman Stuart , Paterson Sarah , Nguyen John , Berkovic Samuel F. , Mullen Saul , Bahlo Melanie , Hildebrand Michael S. , Mefford Heather C. , Scheffer Ingrid E. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractVariants in RORB have been reported in eight individuals with epilepsy, with phenotypes ranging from eyelid myoclonia with absence epilepsy to developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. We identified novel RORB variants in 11 affected individuals from four families. One was from whole genome sequencing and three were from RORB screening of three epilepsy cohorts: developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (n = 1021), overlap of generalized and occipital epilepsy (n = 84), and photosensitivity (n = 123). Following interviews and review of medical records, individuals' seizure and epilepsy syndromes were classified. Three novel missense variants and one exon 3 deletion were predicted to be pathogenic by in silico tools, not found in population databases, and located in key evolutionary conserved domains. Median age at seizure onset was 3.5 years (0.5‐10 years). Generalized, predominantly absence and myoclonic, and occipital seizures were seen in all families, often within the same individual (6/11). All individuals with epilepsy were photosensitive, and seven of 11 had cognitive abnormalities. Electroencephalograms showed generalized spike and wave and/or polyspike and wave. Here we show a striking RORB phenotype of overlap of photosensitive generalized and occipital epilepsy in both individuals and families. This is the first report of a gene associated with this overlap of epilepsy syndromes.
Spatio‐temporal analyses of marine predator diets from data‐rich and data‐limited systems
Authors: Grüss Arnaud , Thorson James T. , Carroll Gemma , Ng Elizabeth L. , Holsman Kirstin K. , Aydin Kerim , Kotwicki Stan , Morzaria‐Luna Hem N. , Ainsworth Cameron H. , Thompson Kevin A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAccounting for variation in prey mortality and predator metabolic potential arising from spatial variation in consumption is an important task in ecology and resource management. However, there is no statistical method for processing stomach content data that accounts for fine‐scale spatio‐temporal structure while expanding individual stomach samples to population‐level estimates of predation. Therefore, we developed an approach that fits a spatio‐temporal model to both prey‐biomass‐per‐predator‐biomass data (i.e. the ratio of prey biomass in stomachs to predator weight) and predator biomass survey data, to predict “predator‐expanded‐stomach‐contents” (PESCs). PESC estimates can be used to visualize either the annual landscape of PESCs (spatio‐temporal variation), or can be aggregated across space to calculate annual variation in diet proportions (variation among prey items and among years). We demonstrated our approach in two contrasting scenarios: a data‐rich situation involving eastern Bering Sea (EBS) large‐size walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus, Gadidae) for 1992–2015; and a data‐limited situation involving West Florida Shelf red grouper (Epinephelus morio, Epinephelidae) for 2011–2015. Large walleye pollock PESC was predicted to be higher in very warm years on the Middle Shelf of the EBS, where food is abundant. Red grouper PESC was variable in north‐western Florida waters, presumably due to spatio‐temporal variation in harmful algal bloom severity. Our approach can be employed to parameterize or validate diverse ecosystem models, and can serve to address many fundamental ecological questions, such as providing an improved understanding of how climate‐driven changes in spatial overlap between predator and prey distributions might influence predation pressure.
Scale dependence of temporal biodiversity change in modern and fossil marine plankton
Authors: Lewandowska Aleksandra M. , Jonkers Lukas , Auel Holger , Freund Jan A. , Hagen Wilhelm , Kucera Michal , Hillebrand Helmut 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimBiodiversity dynamics comprise evolutionary and ecological changes on multiple temporal scales from millions of years to decades, but they are often interpreted within a single time frame. Planktonic foraminifera communities offer a unique opportunity for analysing the dynamics of marine biodiversity over different temporal scales. Our study aims to provide a baseline for assessments of biodiversity patterns over multiple time‐scales, which is urgently needed to interpret biodiversity responses to increasing anthropogenic pressure.LocationGlobal (26 sites).Time periodFive time‐scales: multi‐million‐year (0–7 Myr), million‐year (0–0.5 Myr), multi‐millennial (0–15 thousand years), millennial (0–1,100 years) and decadal (0–32 years).Major taxa studiedPlanktonic foraminifera.MethodsWe analysed community composition of planktonic foraminifera at five time‐scales, combining measures of standing diversity (richness and effective number of species, ENS) with measures of temporal community turnover (presence–absence‐based, dominance‐based). Observed biodiversity patterns were compared with the outcome of a neutral model to separate the effects of sampling resolution (the highest in the shortest time series) from biological responses.ResultsRichness and ENS decreased from multi‐million‐year to millennial time‐scales, but higher standing diversity was observed on the decadal scale. As predicted by the neutral model, turnover in species identity and dominance was strongest at the multi‐million‐year time‐scale and decreased towards the millennial scale. However, contrary to the model predictions, modern time series show rapid decadal variation in the dominance structure of foraminifera communities, which is of comparable magnitude as over much longer time periods. Community turnover was significantly correlated with global temperature change, but not on the shortest time‐scale.Main conclusionsBiodiversity patterns can be to some degree predicted from the scaling effects related to different durations of time series, but changes in the dominance structure observed over the last few decades reach higher magnitude, probably forced by anthropogenic effects, than those observed over much longer durations.
Gender differences in social network of cognitive function among community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Lee Sungwon , Lee Seungwon , Lee Eun , Youm Yoosik , Cho Hyun Sang , Kim Woo Jung 
Published: March 2020

AimA social network, which is a set of people connected through socially meaningful relationships, is considered protective for neurocognitive disorders. Men and women have been found to have different opportunities for social participation and it is possible social networks do not form the same way. We hypothesized, male and female social networks would have different protective influences on cognitive function.MethodsThe Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a cohort study involving health examination and social network survey among adults aged ≥60 years in South Korea was conducted from 2014 to 2015. In total, 501 participants (208 men and 293 women) were included in the study. Through face‐to‐face sessions, participants were asked to answer questionnaires about general characteristics, depressive symptoms, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), social activity, cognitive function and social network variables (degree, betweenness, and closeness centrality and brokerage roles). Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate whether cognitive functions of men and women are differently influenced by their social networks, and path analysis was used to find the direct/indirect influence of social networks on cognitive function.ResultsOut‐degree centrality and social activity scores were positively correlated with Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores only in women. In both genders, age and IADL scores were negatively associated with MMSE scores, while educational level was positively correlated.ConclusionsCognitive function of women was influenced by social activity and the number of members they considered friends. This finding suggests the influence of social networks on cognitive function differ by gender. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 467–473.
Rural families food intake behaviour in relation to livelihood diversification, income differences and family size
Authors: Haq Shamsheer ul , Boz Ismet , Shahbaz Pomi , Murtaza Muhammad Ramiz 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe livelihood diversification significantly contributes to the family income having effect on food varieties' consumption in rural families of different sizes. This study investigated the food intake differences among rural families considering different income levels and family sizes. Moreover, barriers faced by the rural families to increase the consumption of food varieties were also analysed. A total of 200 rural families were selected through multistage purposive and random sampling techniques in the Punjab province of Pakistan and were directly interviewed and categorized first into low and high livelihood diversified families. The food groups were derived by assigning individual food to conventional food group taxonomies, and two‐way ANOVA (4 (income groups) × 3 (family size groups) was separately conducted for low and high livelihood diversified families. The income instability, prices of food items, market distance and storage were perceived as barriers for increasing food consumption. The high livelihood diversified families significantly and regularly consumed more food items than low diversified families. The rural households both in low and high livelihood diversified family categories having low income and high family size consumed less expensive food items. The regular consumption of fruits, bakery products, and livestock and dairy items was greatly associated with high income and small family size. One of the most remarkable findings of the multivariate multiple regression model was the households belonging to the lowest income group were significantly lowering the consumption of livestock and dairy food items as the family size increased from small to large family size. The interaction effect was highly associated with per capita income because the consumption of food items increased with the rise in income irrespective of the family size. However, family size groups showed different patterns of food intakes with different income levels. Government agencies should assist rural households to diversify their income portfolios for better nutrition.
Drug survival, discontinuation rates, and safety profile of secukinumab in real‐world patients: a 152‐week, multicenter, retrospective study
Authors: Ruiz‐Villaverde Ricardo , Rodriguez‐Fernandez‐Freire Lourdes , Galán‐Gutierrez Manuel , Armario‐HIta Jose C. , Martinez‐Pilar Leandro 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic systemic disease that requires long‐term management. Despite data on follow‐up studies going back 5 years, little is known about the condition's sustainability based on patient profiles. The aim of this study was to analyze drug survival and discontinuation rates for secukinumab treatment under real‐world conditions.Patients and MethodsPatients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis treated in the dermatology department of five Spanish medical centers between 2015 and 2019 were included in our retrospective study. Drug survival was assessed with Kaplan–Meier analysis plots and multivariate regression.ResultsIn total, 171 treated patients were retrospectively recorded and analyzed for 152 weeks (37.40% had been diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis [PsA]). The discontinuation rate in the PsA group was 14.10% vs. 12.10% among those who had no PsA. The mean survival time of discontinuation was 63 weeks for PsA vs. 65 weeks for no PsA (P = 0.913). Secukinumab's estimated mean survival in PsA patients was 86% (estimated mean survival time 130 weeks) vs. 88% (estimated mean survival time of 133 weeks) in non‐PsA patients (P = 0.676).ConclusionThe mean survival time of patients in secukinumab treatment was comparable in all patient profiles and better than the data found in clinical trials and real‐life studies.
Cervicofacial actinomycosis
Authors: Karanfilian Katrice M. , Valentin Monica N. , Kapila Rajendra , Bhate Chinmoy , Fatahzadeh Mahnaz , Micali Giuseppe , Schwartz Robert A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCervicofacial actinomycosis is an uncommon, chronic, suppurative, and granulomatous bacterial infection. It is often of dental origin and tends to mimic other dental infections, granulomatous disorders, and cancers. The initial diagnostic workup, predicated upon imaging and tissue biopsies, is frequently nonspecific. A definitive diagnosis is usually rendered only after surgical excision and histologic examination of the cervicofacial mass. We propose a classification of three stages: localized infection without sinus involvement, localized infection with sinus involvement, and disseminated infection, to facilitate recognition, diagnosis, and early aggressive treatment. Untreated infection may be life‐threatening. Therapy may require long‐term antibiotics; however, many cases may also necessitate complete surgical excision.
Equity and the environment: An application of the Berliant–Strauss vertical and horizontal equity framework to measuring the distributional effects of air quality regulation
Authors: Heo Jinhyok , Strauss Robert P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe distributional effects of a major air regulation in the United State in 2015 were analyzed using Berliant and Strauss Index Numbers, a set of theoretical and empirical equity metrics, and reduced‐form models that estimate the mortality effects of air pollutant emissions and their source contributions. By viewing the effects of pollution on human mortality as an implicit tax, we found progressivity in 54% to 56% of vertical comparisons and inequity in 92% to 94% of horizontal comparisons. The introduction of the proposed policy made 58% of vertical comparisons more progressive and was equitable to 70% of horizontal comparisons.
Environmental effectiveness of tax compliance policy in the presence of labor unions
Authors: Wu Tsaur‐Chin , Liang Ching‐Yang , Lin Kun‐Li 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of a stricter tax compliance policy on firms’ pollution emissions in the presence of labor market frictions. In contrast to a situation with perfect labor markets, we find that under the right‐to‐manage wage formation, a stricter compliance policy increases emissions when the shadow cost of the emission limit is excluded, whereas it has no impact when the shadow cost is included. With efficient bargaining, a stricter compliance policy decreases (or increases) pollution emissions under employment (wage) orientation but has no impact on pollution emissions under wage neutrality.
Glycaemic control across the lifespan in a cohort of New Zealand patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chepulis Lynne , Tamatea Jade A. U. , Wang Chris , Goldsmith John , Mayo Christopher T. H. , Paul Ryan G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt is well known that tight glycaemic control reduces all‐cause mortality and the development of microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), but that effective glycaemic control is difficult to achieve in different age groups. Currently, the state of glycaemic control across the lifespan in patients with T1D in New Zealand is not known.AimTo determine the differences in glycaemic control with age, gender, rurality and ethnicity in patients with T1D in the Waikato region of New Zealand.MethodsRetrospective review of clinical records of all patients with T1D on the Waikato Regional Diabetes Database in December 2017 (n = 1303). Glycaemic control was determined by the most recent HbA1c in the past 2 years.ResultsMedian (25%, 75%) HbA1c was 67 (59, 81) mmol/mol (8.3%) and highest in those aged 15–29 years. Values exceeded clinical recommendations in 85.3% of all patients. Median HbA1c was lower in patients on insulin pump therapy than on multiple daily injections (63 (7.9%) versus 69 mmol/mol (8.5%); P < 0.001), though insulin pumps were significantly less likely to be used by Māori (P = 0.003) and men (P < 0.0001). Worsening glycaemic control was associated with increasing social deprivation (P < 0.001) but was not influenced by rural/urban living.ConclusionsPoor glycaemic control in Waikato patients with T1D is likely due to inequities in health care, including reduced access to insulin pump therapy, particularly in Māori and socially deprived populations.
An economic analysis of introducing autonomous ships in a short‐sea liner shipping network
Authors: Akbar Abeera , Aasen Anna K. A. , Msakni Mohamed Kais , Fagerholt Kjetil , Lindstad Elizabeth , Meisel Frank 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe development of autonomous ships is at an advanced stage. It seems to be just a question of time before such ships become available at an industrial scale. In this paper, we investigate the economic advantages of utilizing autonomous over conventional ships. We consider a shipping network composed of conventional mother ships and autonomous daughter ships that perform cargo transshipment at specific ports. The mother ships sail between Europe and the Norwegian coastline and are conventional due to international regulations. The daughter ships serve small ports located along the Norwegian coastline and are autonomous. We apply this concept of mother and daughter routes to a Norwegian shipping company that transports containers between a continental European port and 21 ports scattered along the Norwegian coastline. Furthermore, we extend this case to a shipping network of 42 ports to study a possible increase in the activity of the company. For solving the corresponding optimization problem, we present a path‐flow‐based model formulation and a heuristic route generation method. We carry out extensive computational experiments that consider differently sized problems, various demand scenarios, advanced routes structures, and sensitivity analyses for cost rates and the degree of automation of the maritime transport system. The results provide evidence that autonomous ships might contribute to considerable cost savings.