bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Locus Predicts Spermatogenic Recovery among Childhood Cancer Survivors Exposed to Alkylating Agents
Authors: Sapkota Yadav , Wilson Carmen L. , Zaidi Asifa K. , Moon Wonjong , Fon Tacer Klementina , Lu Lu , Liu Qi , Baedke Jessica , Dhaduk Rikeenkumar , Wang Zhaoming , Chemaitilly Wassim , Krasin Matthew J. , Berry Fred B. , Zhang Jinghui , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Green Daniel M. , Yasui Yutaka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExposure to high doses of alkylating agents is associated with increased risk of impaired spermatogenesis among nonirradiated male survivors of childhood cancer, but there is substantial variation in this risk. Here we conducted a genetic study for impaired spermatogenesis utilizing whole-genome sequencing data from 167 nonirradiated male childhood cancer survivors of European ancestry from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort treated with cyclophosphamide equivalent dose (CED) ≥4,000 mg/m2. Sperm concentration from semen analysis was assessed as the primary outcome. Common variants (MAF &gt; 0.05) were adjusted for age at cancer diagnosis, CED, and top principal components. Rare/low-frequency variants (MAF ≤ 0.05) were evaluated jointly by various functional annotations and 4-kb sliding windows. A novel locus at 7q21.3 containing TAC1/ASNS was associated with decreased sperm concentration (rs7784118: P = 3.5 × 10−8). This association was replicated in two independent samples of SJLIFE survivors of European ancestry, including 34 nonirradiated male survivors treated with 0 &lt; CED &lt; 4,000 mg/m2 (P = 3.1 × 10−4) and 24 male survivors treated with CED ≥4,000 mg/m2 and radiotherapy &lt;40 Gray (P = 0.012). No association was observed among survivors not exposed to alkylating agents included in the CED (P &gt; 0.29). rs7784118 conferred 3.48- and 9.73-fold increases in risk for clinically defined oligospermia and azoospermia and improved prediction of normospermic, oligospermic, and azoospermic states by 13.7%, 5.3%, and 21.7%. rs7784118 was associated with decreased testosterone level, increased levels of follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormones, and 8.52-fold increased risk of Leydig cell failure. Additional research is warranted to determine how this SNP influences spermatogenesis and to assess its clinical utility in characterizing high-risk survivors and guiding intervention strategies.Significance:The identified genetic markers harbor potential clinical utility in characterizing high-risk survivors and guiding intervention strategies including pretreatment patient counseling and use of fertility preservation services.
Horizontes e vagalumes (e o agora)
Authors: Cerqueira Helena Magon Pedreira de 
Published: June 2020

Partindo da metáfora dos vagalumes sugerida por Pier Paolo Pasolini, e, dissecada por Georges Didi-Huberman em Sobrevivencia dos vagalumes, este ensaio reflete também questões iluminadas por Walter Benjamin. Em breve diálogo com outros autores, o estudo lança um olhar para experiências de percepção, apreensão e criação de imagens que irrompam um lampejo na cegueira no mundo contemporâneo.
Intravenous Fibrinolysis for Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
Authors: Mac Grory Brian , Nackenoff Alex , Poli Sven , Spitzer Martin S. , Nedelmann Max , Guillon Benoit , Preterre Cécile , Chen Celia S. , Lee Andrew W. , Yaghi Shadi , Stretz Christoph , Azher Idrees , Paddock John , Bakaeva Tatiana , Greer David M. , Shulman Julie G. , Kowalski Robert G. , Lavin Patrick , Mistry Eva , Espaillat Kiersten , Furie Karen , Kirshner Howard , Schrag Matthew 
Published: June 2020

Background and Purpose:
Central retinal artery occlusion results in sudden, painless, usually permanent loss of vision in the affected eye. There is no proven, effective treatment to salvage visual acuity and a clear, unmet need for an effective therapy. In this work, we evaluated the efficacy of intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (IV alteplase) in a prospective cohort study and an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:
We enrolled consecutive patients with acute central retinal artery occlusion within 48 hours of symptoms onset and with a visual acuity of <20/200 from January 2009 until May 2019. The primary outcomes were safety and functional visual acuity recovery. We compared rates of visual recovery between those treated with alteplase within 4.5 hours of symptom onset to those who did not receive alteplase (including an analysis restricted to untreated patients presenting within the window for treatment). We incorporated these results into an updated systematic review and patient-level meta-analysis.

Results:

We enrolled 112 patients, of whom 25 (22.3% of the cohort) were treated with IV alteplase. One patient had an asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after IV alteplase treatment. Forty-four percent of alteplase-treated patients had recovery of visual acuity when treated within 4.5 hours versus 13.1% of those not treated with alteplase (
P
=0.003) and 11.6% of those presenting within 4 hours who did not receive alteplase (
P
=0.03). Our updated patient-level meta-analysis of 238 patients included 67 patients treated with alteplase within 4.5 hours since time last known well with a recovery rate of 37.3%. This favorably compares with a 17.7% recovery rate in those without treatment. In linear regression, earlier treatment correlated with a higher rate of visual recovery (
P
=0.01).

Conclusions:
This study showed that the administration of intravenous alteplase within 4.5 hours of symptom onset is associated with a higher likelihood of a favorable visual outcome for acute central retinal artery occlusion. Our results strongly support proceeding to a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Are Associated With Collateral Status in Acute Ischemic Stroke With Large Vessel Occlusion
Authors: Mechtouff Laura , Bochaton Thomas , Paccalet Alexandre , Crola Da Silva Claire , Buisson Marielle , Amaz Camille , Derex Laurent , Ong Elodie , Berthezene Yves , Eker Omer Faruk , Dufay Nathalie , Mewton Nathan , Ovize Michel , Cho Tae-Hee , Nighoghossian Norbert 
Published: June 2020

Background and Purpose:
In ischemic stroke, inflammatory status may condition the development of collateral circulation. Here we assessed the relationship between systemic inflammatory biomarkers and collateral status in large vessel occlusion before mechanical thrombectomy.

Methods:
HIBISCUS-STROKE is a cohort study including acute ischemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy following admission magnetic resonance imaging. MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) and MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) were measured on blood sampling collected at admission. Collateral status was assessed on pretreatment Digital subtraction angiography and categorized into poor (Higashida score, 0–2) and good (Higashida score, 3–4). A multiple logistic regression model was performed to detect independent markers of good collateral status.

Results:

One hundred and twenty-two patients were included, of them 71 patients (58.2%) had a good collateral status. In univariate analysis, low MMP-9 levels (
P
=0.01), high MCP-1 levels (
P
<0.01), a low National Institute of Health Stroke Score (
P
=0.046), a high diastolic blood pressure (
P
=0.049), the absence of tandem occlusion (
P
=0.046), a high Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (
P
<0.01) and a low volume on the diffusion-weighted imaging (
P
<0.01) were associated with good collateral status. Following multivariate analysis, low MMP-9 levels (
P
=0.02) and high MCP-1 levels (
P
<0.01) remained associated with good collateral status.

Conclusions:
Low MMP-9 and high MCP-1 levels were associated with good pretreatment collateral status in patients with acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion. These results might suggest a relationship between collateral status and inflammation.
Oral Cavity Cancer Outcomes in Remote, Betel Nut-Endemic Pacific Islands
Authors: Narayanan Ajay M. , Finegersh Andrey F. , Chang Mary P. , Orosco Ryan K. , Moss William J. 
Published: June 2020

Background: Oral cavity carcinomas individually are the fifth-leading cause of overall cancer mortality in the Northern Mariana Islands, which is likely a representative statistic for many other betel-nut-endemic Pacific islands. Factors associated with survival have been minimally evaluated in this region. The purpose of this study is to further characterize oral cavity carcinoma outcomes and associated prognostic factors in the United States commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Methods: A single-institution retrospective review was undertaken for 81 patients diagnosed with head and neck cancers at the CNMI’s only regional hospital complex from 2005 to 2019. A subset of patients diagnosed with oral cavity carcinoma was further evaluated for survival outcomes. Cox proportional hazard regressions were performed to evaluate for variables associated with survival. Results: A majority of patients had cancer of the oral cavity (64/81, 79%). Fifty-five of these patients had sufficient data for review. The average age at the time of diagnosis was 48 and over half were diagnosed with stage IV disease (29/55, 53%). Five-year overall survival (OS) was 49.5% (95% CI, 33.3-63.7%). Factors associated with worse OS were lymph node metastases at presentation ( P = .031), higher overall stage (III or IV vs I or II, P = .016), and higher T-stage (III or IV vs I or II, P = .027). Those who used betel nut were diagnosed at a significantly younger age than those who did not (47.2 vs 55.4, P = .001). Conclusions: The head and neck cancer burden in the CNMI is dominated by betel nut related oral cavity disease that is characterized by delayed presentations in younger patients and decreased OS. Future studies are indicated to improve health literacy as well as to investigate the potential for screening programs.
On the Cost of Detection Response Task Performance on Cognitive Load
Authors: Biondi Francesco N. , Balasingam Balakumar , Ayare Prathamesh 
Published: June 2020

Objective This study investigates the cost of detection response task performance on cognitive load. Background Measuring system operator’s cognitive load is a foremost challenge in human factors and ergonomics. The detection response task is a standardized measure of cognitive load. It is hypothesized that, given its simple reaction time structure, it has no cost on cognitive load. We set out to test this hypothesis by utilizing pupil diameter as an alternative metric of cognitive load. Method Twenty-eight volunteers completed one of four experimental tasks with increasing levels of cognitive demand (control, 0-back, 1-back, and 2-back) with or without concurrent DRT performance. Pupil diameter was selected as nonintrusive metric of cognitive load. Self-reported workload was also recorded. Results A significant main effect of DRT presence was found for pupil diameter and self-reported workload. Larger pupil diameter was found when the n-back task was performed concurrently with the DRT, compared to no-DRT conditions. Consistent results were found for mental workload ratings and n-back performance. Conclusion Results indicate that DRT performance produced an added cost on cognitive load. The magnitude of the change in pupil diameter was comparable to that observed when transitioning from a condition of low task load to one where the 2-back was performed. The significant increase in cognitive load accompanying DRT performance was also reflected in higher self-reported workload. Application DRT is a valuable tool to measure operator’s cognitive load. However, these results advise caution when discounting it as cost-free metric with no added burden on operator’s cognitive resources.
Combined therapy with bronchial artery embolization and tranexamic acid for hemoptysis
Authors: Lee Hyoung Nam , Park Hong Suk , Hyun Dongho , Cho Sung Ki , Park Kwang Bo , Shin Sung Wook , Soo Do Young 
Published: June 2020

Background While most previous studies have viewed tranexamic acid as a bridging or temporary therapy, our preliminary study offers insights into the combined therapy of antifibrinolytic agent with endovascular treatment for hemoptysis. Purpose To investigate the feasibility and safety of combined therapy, to analyze factors affecting the outcomes of combined therapy, and to compare the effectiveness of combined therapy between groups with different etiologies. Material and Methods Between January 2011 and December 2014, 64 patients (33 men, mean age 64.6 years) underwent combined therapy for hemoptysis. The median follow-up time was 14.7 months (range 174–2435 days). Patients were divided into a tuberculosis group (GroupTB, n=37) and a non-tuberculosis group (Groupnon-TB, n=27). Results Embolotherapy was technically successful in 62/64 (96.9%) cases. The immediate clinical success rate was 96.8% (60/62). The short-term and long-term recurrence rates were 12.9% (n=8) and 19.4% (n=12), respectively. The one-, two-, and four-year recurrence-free survival rates were 61%, 49%, and 32%, respectively. There was no significant survival difference between the two groups. Suboptimal embolization was a significant risk factor for immediate clinical failure (odds ratio 29.624, P = 0.023). Optimal embolization (hazard ratio [HR] 0.199, P = 0.023) and older age (HR 0.956, P = 0.013) were significantly associated with lower recurrence risk. Conclusion Combined therapy is an effective and safe treatment modality for hemoptysis of various etiologies, with potential benefits for short-term recurrence vis-a-vis current literature evidence. Suboptimal embolization was the most important modifiable risk factor for treatment failure and recurrence after combined therapy.
Exercise, Flourishing, and the Positivity Ratio in Seventh-Day Adventists: A Prospective Study
Authors: Leibow Michael S. , Lee Jerry W. , Morton Kelly R. 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: Flourishing and mental health in the prediction of health behaviors such as exercise has been understudied. Positive emotions may promote, and negative emotions hinder protective health behaviors; however, the direction of these associations is unclear. The objective here was to investigate possible associations prospectively. Design: Longitudinal cohort study. Setting: National Sample: The Biopsychosocial Religion and Health Study of Seventh-day Adventists provided longitudinal data from 2006 to 2007 and 2010 to 2011 (n = 5789). Measures: Flourishing was based on 6 measures of social functioning (positive social exchanges, negative social exchanges, religious emotional support given, received, and anticipated, and negative interactions) and 4 measures of psychological functioning (mastery, self-esteem, spiritual meaning, and perceived stress). The positivity ratio was the ratio of positive to negative emotions assessed with the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Analysis: Linear multiple regression and mediation. Results: Flourishing worked indirectly through the positivity ratio to predict a later increase in exercise over the course of 3 to 5 years. Tests of mediation suggest that the association of flourishing with later exercise was indirect through an increased ratio of positive to negative affect. Initial exercise frequency was also associated with later improved flourishing and positivity ratio scores over the same period. Conclusion: The association of mental health and exercise is likely bidirectional. Exercise improves mental health, and those that have better psychosocial functioning have better mood and are more likely to increase exercise behaviors over time. Exercise is likely integral to mental health in mid to late life.
Unilateral Spouse Therapy to Reach the Treatment-Resistant Alcohol Abusing Partner: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ager Richard D. , Yoshioka Marianne R. , Adams Kathryn Betts 
Published: June 2020

Purpose: The aim of this research was to implement and evaluate unilateral family therapy (UFT) for alcohol abuse, an approach that assists the nonalcoholic spouse to induce their alcohol-abusing partner to enter treatment and/or reduce drinking. Method: Forty-two nonalcohol-abusing spouses participated in this randomized control trial, and 13 no-treatment spouses served as an additional comparison group. Repeated measures analysis over four time periods evaluated change in abuser alcohol use and spouse psychological, marital, and role induction (e.g., enabling) variables, whereas χ2 analyses evaluated alcohol abuser treatment entry. Results: The findings suggest that UFT is successful in facilitating abuser treatment entry, drink reduction as well as long-term improvement in the spouse’s psychological health, and marital functioning. Conclusions: Given the high numbers of treatment-resistant alcohol abusers in need of treatment and the related distress of their spouses, UFT represents an important approach for practitioners.
Factors Influencing Timely Preparation of Alveolar Bone Grafting: A Survey of the ACPA
Authors: Jodeh Diana S. , Pringle Aleshia J. , Crisp Taryl , Rottgers S. Alex 
Published: June 2020

Objective: To identify factors that are commonly felt to impact a team’s ability to ensure patients are orthodontically and dentally prepared for alveolar bone grafting at the appropriate time. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association (ACPA)-approved multidisciplinary cleft teams. Participants: Cleft team coordinators. Interventions: Cleft team coordinators were asked to complete the survey. Results: Fifty-three team coordinators from the 167 ACPA-certified cleft teams completed the survey (response rate = 32%). The majority (83.02%) of cleft teams feel having a case manager increases or would increase the rate of timely bone graft preparation. Orthodontic and dental coverage varied greatly between teams with university/hospital employed dentists and volunteer private practice orthodontists representing the most frequent models. The reported percentage of patients seeking regular dental and orthodontic care with providers affiliated with the team did not correlate with the likelihood of timely bone graft preparation ( P = .17; P = .43). Great variability was noted in the manner and frequency of team communication with families during orthodontic bone graft preparation. The presence of a designated case manager on the team was not significantly associated with the percentage of patients who were reported to be orthodontically prepared for bone graft surgery ( P = .25). Conclusion: Within our survey data, there is great variability noted in factors that may potentially impact orthodontic bone graft preparation. The majority of teams felt that a case manager did or would help with this process, however, our study does not support this fact. Significant recall bias concerning the success of bone graft preparation may affect these results.
Risk Factor Evaluation for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Lewis Paul O. 
Published: June 2020

Background: The 2019 community-acquired pneumonia guidelines recommend using recent respiratory cultures and locally validated epidemiology plus risk factor assessment to determine empirical coverage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Objective: To develop a methodology for evaluating local epidemiology and validating local risk factors for P aeruginosa and MRSA. Methods: This multicenter, retrospective cohort evaluated adult patients admitted for pneumonia. Risk factors for MRSA and P aeruginosa were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression and reported as adjusted odds ratios (aORs). Results: There were 10 723 cases evaluated. Lung abscess/empyema had the highest odds associated with MRSA (aOR = 4.24; P < 0.0001), followed by influenza (aOR = 2.34; P = 0.01), end-stage renal disease (ESRD; aOR = 2.09; P = 0.006), illicit substance use (aOR = 1.7; P = 0.007), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; aOR = 1.26; P = 0.04). For P aeruginosa, the highest odds were in bronchiectasis (aOR = 6.13; P < 0.0001), lung abscess/empyema (aOR = 3.36; P = 0.005), and COPD (aOR = 1.84; P < 0.0001). Isolated COPD without other risk factors did not pose an increased risk of either organism. Conclusion and Relevance: Influenza, ESRD, lung abscess/empyema, and illicit substance use were local risk factors for MRSA. Bronchiectasis and lung abscess/empyema were risk factors for Pseudomonas. COPD was associated with MRSA and Pseudomonas. However, isolated COPD had similar rates of MRSA and Pseudomonas pneumonia compared with the total population. This study established a feasible methodology for evaluating local risk factors.
Gastrointestinal Tract Plasmablastic Lymphoma in HIV-Infected Adults: A Histopathological Review
Authors: Mwazha Absalom , Nhlonzi Gamalenkosi Bonginkosi , Mazengenya Pedzisai 
Published: June 2020

Background. Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma that is characterized by the expression of plasma cell antigens and loss of pan B-cell antigens. The neoplasm is extensively reported in the oral cavity and anorectal region but rarely in the gastrointestinal tract, where only isolated case reports and small case series have been reported. In the current study, morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of 17 cases of gastrointestinal tract PBL were reviewed. Methods. Ten-year retrospective study that reappraised the histomorphological and immunophenotypical profiles of HIV-associated PBLs in the gastrointestinal tract. Results. The mean age of the study patients was 41 years with a 3:1 ratio of males to females. The most common site of tumor origin was the small intestine (42%), followed by the stomach (29%) and the colon (29%). Majority of the cases showed a predominant diffuse (82%) growth pattern. Immunoblasts and plasmablasts were observed in all cases. Plasmacytic differentiation was seen in 5 (29%) cases. Additional observations not previously described or emphasized in literature includes pseudo-alveolar growth pattern, centroblast-predominance, multinucleated giant cells, and clear cell change. Immunohistochemistry revealed absence of pan B-cell antigens and expression of plasma cell antigens in all cases. Epstein-Barr virus–encoded RNA was expressed in 53% of the cases. Conclusions. This study highlights the spectrum of histopathological features seen in gastrointestinal tract PBLs. Awareness of this entity and its histopathological features in the gastrointestinal tract is essential for making a timely and accurate diagnosis and improving patient outcomes.