bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: A Promising Treatment for Insomnia, Pain, and Depression in Patients With IBD
Authors: Salwen-Deremer Jessica K , Siegel Corey A , Smith Michael T 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOver 75% of people with active inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) report sleep disturbances, which heighten risk for IBD relapse and flares. Despite mounting evidence for sleep disturbances in IBD, discussion of treatment is severely limited. The most common sleep disturbance, insomnia, occurs in over 50% of adults with chronic health conditions. Herein we describe the gold standard treatment for insomnia, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I). Although yet to be studied in IBD, CBT-I reduces a number of IBD-related comorbidities, including chronic pain, depression, and systemic inflammation. We describe treatment with CBT-I, the impact of CBT-I on these comorbidities, and recommendations for providers.
Influence of Religiousness and Spirituality on Remission Rate, Mental Health, and Quality of Life of Patients With Active Crohn’s Disease: A Longitudinal 2-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: de Campos Renata Jacob Daniel Salomão , Lucchetti Giancarlo , Lucchetti Alessandra Lamas Granero , Chebli Liliana Andrade , Schettino Pereira Luiza , Chebli Julio Maria Fonseca 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsStudies on inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] have shown that religiousness and spirituality [R/S] were associated with better mental health and quality of life [QOL]. However, longitudinal studies assessing the impact of R/S on long-term clinical outcomes of Crohn’s disease [CD] are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of R/S on the course of CD after a 2-year follow-up and to determine whether these R/S beliefs were associated with mental health and QOL.MethodsA longitudinal 2-year follow-up study was conducted at a referral centre for IBD, including patients with moderately to severely active CD. Clinical data, disease activity [Harvey-Bradshaw Index], QOL [Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire-IBDQ], depression and anxiety [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-HADS], and R/S [Duke Religion Index-DUREL, Spirituality Self-Rating Scale-SSRS, and Spiritual/Religious Coping-SRCOPE scale] were assessed at baseline and at the end of the 2-year follow-up. Linear and logistic regression models were employed.ResultsA total of 90 patients [88.2%] were followed up for 2 years. On logistic regression, baseline levels of spirituality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.309; 95% confidence interval [CI]= 1.104–1.552, p = 0.002) and intrinsic religiousness [OR = 1.682; 95% CI = 1.221–2.317, p = 0.001] were predictors of remission at 2 years. On linear regression, the different dimensions of R/S did not significantly predict IBDQ or anxiety and depression scores after 2 years.ConclusionsR/S predicted remission of CD patients after a 2-year follow-up. However, these beliefs failed to predict mental health or QOL. Health professionals who treat CD should be aware of the religious and spiritual beliefs of their patients, given these beliefs may impact on the disease course.
Differing mechanisms of atrial fibrillation in athletes and non-athletes: alterations in atrial structure and function
Authors: Trivedi Siddharth J , Claessen Guido , Stefani Luke , Flannery M Darragh , Brown Paula , Janssens Kristel , Elliott Adrian , Sanders Prashanthan , Kalman Jonathan , Heidbuchel Hein , Thomas Liza , La Gerche Andre 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Aims
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is more common in athletes and may be associated with adverse left atrial (LA) remodelling. We compared LA structure and function in athletes and non-athletes with and without AF.

Methods and results
Individuals (144) were recruited from four groups (each n = 36): (i) endurance athletes with paroxysmal AF, (ii) endurance athletes without AF, (iii) non-athletes with paroxysmal AF, and (iv) non-athletic healthy controls. Detailed echocardiograms were performed. Athletes had 35% larger LA volumes and 51% larger left ventricular (LV) volumes vs. non-athletes. Non-athletes with AF had increased LA size compared with controls. LA/LV volume ratios were similar in both athlete groups and non-athlete controls, but LA volumes were differentially increased in non-athletes with AF. Diastolic function was impaired in non-athletes with AF vs. non-athletes without, while athletes with and without AF had normal diastolic function. Compared with non-AF athletes, athletes with AF had increased LA minimum volumes (22.6 ± 5.6 vs. 19.2 ± 6.7 mL/m2, P = 0.033), with reduced LA emptying fraction (0.49 ± 0.06 vs. 0.55 ± 0.12, P = 0.02), and LA expansion index (1.0 ± 0.3 vs. 1.2 ± 0.5, P = 0.03). LA reservoir and contractile strain were decreased in athletes and similar to non-athletes with AF.

Conclusion
Functional associations differed between athletes and non-athletes with AF, suggesting different pathophysiological mechanisms. Diastolic dysfunction and reduced strain defined non-athletes with AF. Athletes had low atrial strain and those with AF had enlarged LA volumes and reduced atrial emptying, but preserved LV diastolic parameters. Thus, AF in athletes may be triggered by an atrial myopathy from exercise-induced haemodynamic stretch consequent to increased cardiac output.
A case report of Adult-onset Still’s disease as a cause of severe mitral regurgitation
Authors: Shah Shabir Hussain , Shah Muhammad Azam , Khan Mohammad Shahbaz , Alghamdi Faisal Abdullah 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is an uncommon systemic inflammatory disease, causing spiking fever, skin rash, and arthritis. Pericarditis and myocarditis are the most common cardiac manifestation of AOSD but valvular involvement is rarely reported.

Case summary
An 18-year-old boy presented with gradually worsening shortness of breath for 6 months. There was a history of low-grade intermittent fever and polyarthralgia affecting ankles, knees, and elbows. He was in heart failure with cardiogenic and septic shock. He was managed initially with antibiotics, inotropes, and diuretics. Echocardiography showed flail anterior mitral leaflet with severe mitral regurgitation. He remained febrile with persistent negative blood cultures. Intravenous antibiotics led to neutropenia without any response to fever and clinical status. On further workup, he was diagnosed to have AOSD, and he responded dramatically to oral steroid therapy. Later his mitral valve was replaced surgically. On follow-up, he was stable with mild exertional dyspnoea. His international normalized ratio was in therapeutic range and his follow-up echocardiography showed normally functioning mitral prosthesis. He is following rheumatology and currently on the maintenance dose of steroids.

Discussion
Adult-onset Still’s disease is a systemic illness with diagnosis is based on clinical features and exclusion of other illnesses. Adult-onset Still’s disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis in culture-negative endocarditis, especially in those with systemic features and non-responders to antibiotics.
When the left atrium becomes a monster: a case report
Authors: Shams Khaled A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Congenital left atrium (LA) aneurysms are extremely rare entities in clinical practice and most frequently involve the atrial appendage and rarely arise from the body of LA, We report a case of giant LA aneurysm compressing heart and presenting in a very late stage.

Case summary
A 31-year-old male, who was diagnosed to have dextrocardia, rheumatic heart disease, and atrial fibrillation and was kept on medical treatment long time ago, presented with congestive heart failure symptoms and cardiogenic shock. Emergency transthoracic echocardiography was done revealing situs solitus with aneurysmally dilated LA pushing heart to the right side (dextro-posed heart), moderate mitral regurgitation, and severe pulmonary hypertension, however, pulmonary artery anatomy could not be properly visualized so computed tomography (CT) was preformed confirming diagnosis and revealing compressed pulmonary arterial tree by the dilated LA, unfortunately patient died before proceeding to surgical intervention.

Discussion
Congenital left atrial aneurysms are extremely rare anomaly and may be associated with significant morbidity. And, therefore, should be remembered as a potential anatomic cause of atrial arrhythmias or embolic phenomena, or both. The diagnosis may be easily established through non-invasive complementary techniques, such as echocardiography, CT, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Symptomatic patients, those with large aneurysm or compelling indications for surgery should undergo surgical resection.
Listeria myopericarditis associated with right atrial mural thrombus: a case report
Authors: Brown Andrew , Abbas Mohamed , Runnett Craig , Ripley David Paul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Pericarditis is a common cardiology presentation, most often due to a viral or idiopathic cause. Listeria as a cause of pericarditis is rare. Listeria is an infection that is readily treatable with antibiotics following accurate identification. Without adequate treatment, Listeria infection has a high mortality rate.

Case summary
In this case, a fit and well 59-year-old man complained of headaches and fever to the emergency department (ED). He was provisionally diagnosed with giant cell arteritis (GCA) and commenced on management pathways for GCA. He represented to the ED with chest pain and electrocardiogram (ECG) changes suggestive of a clinical presentation of pericarditis. He received treatment for idiopathic pericarditis with no clinical resolution. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed myopericardial inflammation associated with a right atrial mural thrombus. After 2 weeks of poor treatment response, peripheral blood cultures grew Listeria monocytogenes and the patient responded well to antibiotic treatment. Repeat cardiac MRI after an extended course of antibiotics showed resolution of MRI signs.

Discussion
This is a case of Listeria myopericarditis. Physicians should consider rarer causes of myopericarditis in treatment resistance cases. Cardiac MRI has utility in atypical or treatment resistant patients to assess myopericardial inflammation and response to treatment.
Fast spontaneous recovery from acute necrotizing eosinophilic myopericarditis without need for immunosuppressive therapy: a case report of a 27-year-old male
Authors: Kindermann Michael , Sood Nitin , Ehrlich Peter , Klingel Karin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Eosinophilic myocarditis (EM) is rare but accounts for 12–22% of histologically proven acute myocarditis cases. Acute necrotizing EM is considered an aggressive, life-threatening disease which is usually treated by high-dose corticosteroid therapy.

Case summary
We report the case of a 27-year-old man with acute severe pericarditic chest pain, moderately reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, and a small pericardial effusion. Troponin I level was highly elevated in the absence of coronary artery disease, leading to the diagnosis of acute myopericarditis. In the absence of blood eosinophilia and despite a negative cardiac magnetic resonance study, LV endomyocardial biopsy revealed an acute necrotizing EM. With conventional antiphlogistic and heart failure therapy, the patient became symptom-free and inflammatory and cardiac necrosis markers as well as LV ejection fraction normalized within days. Thus, in the absence of a systemic hypereosinophilic disorder, there was no need for steroid therapy. Long-term follow-up over 12 months showed sustained normalization of cardiac structure and function.

Discussion
Acute necrotizing eosinophilic myopericarditis is not always a dreadful cardiac disease. There are idiopathic cases which may quickly resolve without immunosuppression. There seems to be a publication bias towards critical cases.
Comparative overview of ST-elevation myocardial infarction epidemiology, demographics, management, and outcomes in five Asia-Pacific countries: a meta-analysis
Authors: Tern Paul Jie Wen , Ho Aaron Kwun Hang , Sultana Rehena , Ahn Youngkeun , Almahmeed Wael , Brieger David , Chew Derek P , Fong Alan Yean Yip , Hwang Jinyong , Kim Yongcheol , Komuro Issei , Maemura Koji , Mohd-Ali Rosli , Quek David Kwang Leng , Reid Christopher , Tan Jack Wei Chieh , Wan-Ahmad Wan Azman , Yasuda Satoshi , Yeo Khung Keong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The aim of this study is to gain insight into the differences in demographics of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients in Asia-Pacific, as well as inter-country variation in treatment and mortality outcomes. Systematic review of published studies and reports from known registries in Australia, Japan, Korea, Singapore, and Malaysia that began data collection after the year 2000. Supplementary self-report survey questionnaire on public health data answered by representative cardiologists working in these countries. Twenty studies comprising of 158 420 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The mean age was 61.6 years. Chronic kidney disease prevalence was higher in Japan, while dyslipidaemia was low in Korea. Use of aspirin, P2Y12 inhibitors, and statins were high throughout, but ACEi/ARB and β-blocker prescriptions were lower in Japan and Malaysia. Reperfusion strategies varied greatly, with high rates of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) in Korea (91.6%), whilst Malaysia relies far more on fibrinolysis (72.6%) than pPCI (9.6%). Similarly, mortality differed, with 1-year mortality from STEMI was considerably greater in Malaysia (17.9%) and Singapore (11.2%) than in Korea (8.1%), Australia (7.8%), and Japan (6.2%). The countries were broadly similar in development and public health indices. Singapore has the highest gross national income and total healthcare expenditure per capita, whilst Malaysia has the lowest. Primary PCI is available in all countries 24/7/365. Despite broadly comparable public health systems, differences exist in patient profile, in-hospital treatment, and mortality outcomes in these five countries. Our study reveals areas for improvements. The authors advocate further registry-based multi-country comparative studies focused on the Asia-Pacific region.
Screening for atrial fibrillation: predicted sensitivity of short, intermittent electrocardiogram recordings in an asymptomatic at-risk population
Authors: Quer Giorgio , Freedman Ben , Steinhubl Steven R 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Aims
Screening for asymptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) could prevent strokes and save lives, but the AF burden of those detected can impact prognosis. New technologies enable continuous monitoring or intermittent electrocardiogram (ECG) snapshots, however, the relationship between AF detection rates and the burden of AF found with intermittent strategies is unknown. We simulated the likelihood of detecting AF using real-world 2-week continuous ECG recordings and developed a generalizable model for AF detection strategies.

Methods and results
From 1738 asymptomatic screened individuals, ECG data of 69 individuals (mean age 76.3, median burden 1.9%) with new AF found during 14 days continuous monitoring were used to simulate 30 seconds ECG snapshots one to four times daily for 14 days. Based on this simulation, 35–66% of individuals with AF would be detected using intermittent screening. Twice-daily snapshots for 2 weeks missed 48% of those detected by continuous monitoring, but mean burden was 0.68% vs. 4% in those detected (P &lt; 0.001). In a cohort of 6235 patients (mean age 69.2, median burden 4.6%) with paroxysmal AF during clinically indicated monitoring, simulated detection rates were 53–76%. The Markovian model of AF detection using mean episode duration and mean burden simulated actual AF detection with ≤9% error across the range of screening frequencies and durations.

Conclusion
Using twice-daily ECG snapshots over 2 weeks would detect only half of individuals discovered to have AF by continuous recordings, but AF burden of those missed was low. A model predicting AF detection, validated using real-world data, could assist development of optimized AF screening programmes.
The Coevolution of Fungal Mitochondrial Introns and Their Homing Endonucleases (GIY-YIG and LAGLIDADG)
Authors: Megarioti Amalia H , Kouvelis Vassili N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Fungal mitochondrial (mt) genomes exhibit great diversity in size which is partially attributed to their variable intergenic regions and most importantly to the inclusion of introns within their genes. These introns belong to group I or II, and both of them are self-splicing. The majority of them carry genes encoding homing endonucleases, either LAGLIDADG or GIY-YIG. In this study, it was found that these intronic homing endonucleases genes (HEGs) may originate from mt free-standing open reading frames which can be found nowadays in species belonging to Early Diverging Fungi as “living fossils.” A total of 487 introns carrying HEGs which were located in the publicly available mt genomes of representative species belonging to orders from all fungal phyla was analyzed. Their distribution in the mt genes, their insertion target sequence, and the phylogenetic analyses of the HEGs showed that these introns along with their HEGs form a composite structure in which both selfish elements coevolved. The invasion of the ancestral free-standing HEGs in the introns occurred through a perpetual mechanism, called in this study as “aenaon” hypothesis. It is based on recombination, transpositions, and horizontal gene transfer events throughout evolution. HEGs phylogenetically clustered primarily according to their intron hosts and secondarily to the mt genes carrying the introns and their HEGs. The evolutionary models created revealed an “intron-early” evolution which was enriched by “intron-late” events through many different independent recombinational events which resulted from both vertical and horizontal gene transfers.
Combining a High Dose of Metformin With the SIRT1 Activator, SRT1720, Reduces Life Span in Aged Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet
Authors: Palliyaguru Dushani L , Minor Robin K , Mitchell Sarah J , Palacios Hector H , Licata Jordan J , Ward Theresa M , Abulwerdi Gelareh , Elliott Peter , Westphal Christoph , Ellis James L , Sinclair David A , Price Nathan L , Bernier Michel , de Cabo Rafael 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
SRT1720, a sirtuin1-activator, and metformin (MET), an antidiabetic drug, confer health and life-span benefits when administered individually. It is unclear whether combination of the two compounds could lead to additional benefits. Groups of 56-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) alone or supplemented with either SRT1720 (2 g/kg food), a high dose of MET (1% wt/wt food), or a combination of both. Animals were monitored for survival, body weight, food consumption, body composition, and rotarod performance. Mice treated with MET alone did not have improved longevity, and life span was dramatically reduced by combination of MET with SRT1720. Although all groups of animals were consuming similar amounts of food, mice on MET or MET + SRT1720 showed a sharp reduction in body weight. SRT1720 + MET mice also had lower percent body fat combined with better performance on the rotarod compared to controls. These data suggest that co-treatment of SRT1720 with MET is detrimental to survival at the doses used and, therefore, risk-benefits of combining life-span-extending drugs especially in older populations needs to be systematically evaluated.
Watchdog 2.0: New developments for reusability, reproducibility, and workflow execution
Authors: Kluge Michael , Friedl Marie-Sophie , Menzel Amrei L , Friedel Caroline C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Advances in high-throughput methods have brought new challenges for biological data analysis, often requiring many interdependent steps applied to a large number of samples. To address this challenge, workflow management systems, such as Watchdog, have been developed to support scientists in the (semi-)automated execution of large analysis workflows.

Implementation
Here, we present Watchdog 2.0, which implements new developments for module creation, reusability, and documentation and for reproducibility of analyses and workflow execution. Developments include a graphical user interface for semi-automatic module creation from software help pages, sharing repositories for modules and workflows, and a standardized module documentation format. The latter allows generation of a customized reference book of public and user-specific modules. Furthermore, extensive logging of workflow execution, module and software versions, and explicit support for package managers and container virtualization now ensures reproducibility of results. A step-by-step analysis protocol generated from the log file may, e.g., serve as a draft of a manuscript methods section. Finally, 2 new execution modes were implemented. One allows resuming workflow execution after interruption or modification without rerunning successfully executed tasks not affected by changes. The second one allows detaching and reattaching to workflow execution on a local computer while tasks continue running on computer clusters.

Conclusions
Watchdog 2.0 provides several new developments that we believe to be of benefit for large-scale bioinformatics analysis and that are not completely covered by other competing workflow management systems. The software itself, module and workflow repositories, and comprehensive documentation are freely available at https://www.bio.ifi.lmu.de/watchdog.
Acoustic-to-seismic ground coupling: coupling efficiency and inferring near-surface properties
Authors: Novoselov Artemii , Fuchs Florian , Bokelmann Goetz 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYA fraction of the acoustic wave energy (from the atmosphere) may couple into the ground, and it can thus be recorded as ground motion using seismometers. We have investigated this coupling, with two questions in mind, (i) how strong it is for small explosive sources and offsets up to a few tens of meters and (ii) what we can learn about the shallow subsurface from this coupling. 25 firecracker explosions and five rocket explosions were analysed using colocated seismic and infrasound sensors; we find that around 2 per cent of the acoustic energy is admitted into the ground (converted to seismic energy). Transfer coefficients are in the range of 2.85–4.06 nm Pa–1 for displacement, 1.99–2.74 μm s–1 Pa–1 for velocity, and 2.2–2.86 mm s−2 Pa–1 for acceleration. Recording dynamic air pressure together with ground motion at the same site allows identification of different waves propagating in the shallow underground, notably the seismic expression of the direct airwave, and the later air-coupled Rayleigh wave. We can reliably infer shallow ground properties from the direct airwave, in particular the two Lamé constants (λ and μ) and the Poisson ratio. Firecrackers as pressure sources allow constraining elastic parameters in the top-most layer. In this study, they provide frequency-dependent values of λ decreasing from 119 MPa for low frequencies (48 Hz) to 4.2 MPa for high frequencies (341 Hz), and μ values decreasing from 33 to 1.8 MPa. Frequency-dependent Poisson ratios ν are in the range of 0.336–0.366.