bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engraftment of skeletal progenitor cells by bone-directed transplantation improves osteogenesis imperfecta murine bone phenotype
Authors: Sinder Benjamin P. , Novak Sanja , Wee Natalie K. Y. , Basile Mariangela , Maye Peter , Matthews Brya G. , Kalajzic Ivo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder most commonly caused by mutations associated with type I collagen, resulting in a defective collagen bone matrix. Current treatments for OI focus on pharmaceutical strategies to increase the amount of defective bone matrix, but do not address the underlying collagen defect. Introducing healthy donor stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts producing normal collagen in OI patients has the potential to increase bone mass and correct the mutant collagen matrix. In this study, donor bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs, also known as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells) expressing both αSMACreERT2/Ai9 progenitor reporter and osteoblast reporter Col2.3GFP were locally transplanted into the femur of OI murine (OIM) mice. One month post-transplantation, 18% of the endosteal surface was lined by donor Col2.3GFP expressing osteoblasts indicating robust engraftment. Long-term engraftment in the marrow was observed 3 and 6 months post-transplantation. The presence of Col1a2-expressing donor cell-derived cortical bone matrix was detected in transplanted OIM femurs. Local transplantation of BMSCs increased cortical thickness (+12%), the polar moment of inertia (+14%), bone strength (+30%), and stiffness (+30%) 3 months post-transplantation. Engrafted cells expressed progenitor markers CD51 and Sca-1 up to 3 months post-transplantation. Most importantly, 3 months post-transplantation donor cells maintained the ability to differentiate into Col2.3GFP+ osteoblasts in vitro, and in vivo following secondary transplantation into OIM animals. Locally transplanted BMSCs can improve cortical structure and strength, and persist as continued source of osteoblast progenitors in the OIM mouse for at least 6 months.
A Major Hydrothermal Reservoir Underneath the Tatun Volcano Group of Taiwan: Clues from a Dense Linear Geophone Array
Authors: Lin C. H. , Lai Y. C. , Shih M. H. , Lin C. J. , Ku J. S. , Huang Y. C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA dense linear geophone array is deployed across the Tatun volcano group (TVG) at the northern tip of Taiwan, where more than 7 million residents live in the Taipei metropolis. The array is composed of 50 geophones with a station spacing of ~ 200 m in average, and it is designed for striking in the NW–SE direction to record the many earthquakes in eastern Taiwan, where the Philippine Sea plate subducted beneath the Eurasia plate. The detailed examination of felt earthquakes shows consistent P-wave delays are recorded at particular stations of the array. The further forward modeling indicates there is a low-velocity zone (LVZ) at depths between ~ 0.5 and ~ 2.5 km beneath the major fumarole sites. Combining this preliminary result with previous studies including clustering seismicity, volcanic earthquakes, low-resistivity zone, strong degassing processes and shallow velocity structures, we suggest that the LVZ might be associated with the major hydrothermal reservoir at the TVG. The identification of the hydrothermal reservoir by the LVZ not only implies a potential volcanic threat, such as phreatic eruptions, in the future, but also provides the possibility of sustainable geothermal resources for replacing traditional nuclear and fossil fuel power plants. Detailed images of the LVZ and other volcanic structures will be obtained soon when dense geophone arrays with more than 600 geophones are deployed from 2020 to 2022.
Haloferax volcanii for biotechnology applications: challenges, current state and perspectives
Authors: Haque R. U. , Paradisi F. , Allers T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHaloferax volcanii is an obligate halophilic archaeon with its origin in the Dead Sea. Simple laboratory culture conditions and a wide range of genetic tools have made it a model organism for studying haloarchaeal cell biology. Halophilic enzymes of potential interest to biotechnology have opened up the application of this organism in biocatalysis, bioremediation, nanobiotechnology, bioplastics and the biofuel industry. Functionally active halophilic proteins can be easily expressed in a halophilic environment, and an extensive genetic toolkit with options for regulated protein overexpression has allowed the purification of biotechnologically important enzymes from different halophiles in H. volcanii. However, corrosion mediated damage caused to stainless-steel bioreactors by high salt concentrations and a tendency to form biofilms when cultured in high volume are some of the challenges of applying H. volcanii in biotechnology. The ability to employ expressed active proteins in immobilized cells within a porous biocompatible matrix offers new avenues for exploiting H. volcanii in biotechnology. This review critically evaluates the various application potentials, challenges and toolkits available for using this extreme halophilic organism in biotechnology.
Older patients’ attitudes towards, and perceptions of, preoperative physical activity and exercise prior to colorectal cancer surgery—a gap between awareness and action
Authors: Karlsson Emelie , Dahl Oili , Rydwik Elisabeth , Nygren-Bonnier Malin , Bergenmar Mia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Time for preoperative optimisation prior to colorectal cancer surgery is limited and older people tend to decline exercise interventions. This study sought to describe attitudes towards, and perceptions of, preoperative physical activity and exercise in older people prior to colorectal cancer surgery.

Methods
This is a qualitative interview study, analysed with inductive content analysis. Seventeen participants scheduled for colorectal surgery were recruited as a purposeful sample from two hospitals in Stockholm, Sweden. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted, face-to-face (n = 8) or by telephone (n = 9).

Results
Nine participants were male, median age was 75 years (range 70–91). The theme, ‘a gap between awareness and action’, was identified based on two main categories: ‘Attitudes towards preoperative physical exercise have a multifactorial base’ and ‘Preoperative physical exercise is possible with a push in the right direction’. The material described a gap between awareness of the benefits of physical activity and reports of performing physical activity. The reasons for the gap between thoughts and action in this respect seem to be multifactorial. Support from others emerged as an important possibility for overcoming the gap.

Conclusions
A gap between the patients’ awareness and action appeared in our material. Understanding this can guide healthcare professionals (HCPs) as to the support needed preoperatively. Advice on physical exercise before surgery should be specific, and individually tailored support for action should be offered. This support should also consider the individual’s current physical activity and preoperative attitude towards physical exercise.
Single-Cell Analysis for Glycogen Localization and Metabolism in Cultured Astrocytes
Authors: Zhu Yuanyuan , Fan Ze , Wang Rui , Xie Rougang , Guo Haiyun , Zhang Ming , Guo Baolin , Sun Tangna , Zhang Haifeng , Zhuo Lixia , Li Yan , Wu Shengxi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCerebral glycogen is principally localized in astrocytes rather than in neurons. Glycogen metabolism has been implicated in higher brain functions, including learning and memory, yet the distribution patterns of glycogen in different types of astrocytes have not been fully described. Here, we applied a method based on the incorporation of 2-NBDG, a d-glucose fluorescent derivative that can trace glycogen, to investigate glycogen’s distribution in the brain. We identified two types of astrocytes, namely, 2-NBDGI (glycogen-deficient) and 2-NBDGII (glycogen-rich) cells. Whole-cell patch-clamp and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) were used to separate 2-NBDGII astrocytes from 2-NBDGI astrocytes. The expression levels of glycogen metabolic enzymes were analyzed in 2-NBDGI and 2-NBDGII astrocytes. We found unique glycogen metabolic patterns between 2-NBDGI and 2-NBDGII astrocytes. We also observed that 2-NBDGII astrocytes were mainly identified as fibrous astrocytes but not protoplasmic astrocytes. Our data reveal cell type-dependent glycogen distribution and metabolism patterns, suggesting diverse functions of these different astrocytes.
A singularity removal method for coupled 1D–3D flow models
Authors: Gjerde Ingeborg G. , Kumar Kundan , Nordbotten Jan M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn reservoir simulations, the radius of a well is inevitably going to be small compared to the horizontal length scale of the reservoir. For this reason, wells are typically modelled as lower-dimensional sources. In this work, we consider a coupled 1D–3D flow model, in which the well is modelled as a line source in the reservoir domain and endowed with its own 1D flow equation. The flow between well and reservoir can then be modelled in a fully coupled manner by applying a linear filtration law. The line source induces a logarithmic-type singularity in the reservoir pressure that is difficult to resolve numerically. We present here a singularity removal method for the model equations, resulting in a reformulated coupled 1D–3D flow model in which all variables are smooth. The singularity removal is based on a solution splitting of the reservoir pressure, where it is decomposed into two terms: an explicitly given, lower-regularity term capturing the solution singularity and some smooth background pressure. The singularities can then be removed from the system by subtracting them from the governing equations. Finally, the coupled 1D–3D flow equations can be reformulated so they are given in terms of the well pressure and the background reservoir pressure. As these variables are both smooth (i.e. non-singular), the reformulated model has the advantage that it can be approximated using any standard numerical method. The reformulation itself resembles a Peaceman well correction performed at the continuous level.
A parametric acceleration of multilevel Monte Carlo convergence for nonlinear variably saturated flow
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Rodrigo Carmen , Gaspar Francisco J. , Oosterlee Cornelis W. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe present a multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) method for the uncertainty quantification of variably saturated porous media flow that is modeled using the Richards equation. We propose a stochastic extension for the empirical models that are typically employed to close the Richards equations. This is achieved by treating the soil parameters in these models as spatially correlated random fields with appropriately defined marginal distributions. As some of these parameters can only take values in a specific range, non-Gaussian models are utilized. The randomness in these parameters may result in path-wise highly nonlinear systems, so that a robust solver with respect to the random input is required. For this purpose, a solution method based on a combination of the modified Picard iteration and a cell-centered multigrid method for heterogeneous diffusion coefficients is utilized. Moreover, we propose a non-standard MLMC estimator to solve the resulting high-dimensional stochastic Richards equation. The improved efficiency of this multilevel estimator is achieved by parametric continuation that allows us to incorporate simpler nonlinear problems on coarser levels for variance reduction while the target strongly nonlinear problem is solved only on the finest level. Several numerical experiments are presented showing computational savings obtained by the new estimator compared with the original MC estimator.
Expanding Clinical Phenotype and Novel Insights into the Pathogenesis of ICOS Deficiency
Authors: Abolhassani Hassan , El-Sherbiny Yasser M. , Arumugakani Gururaj , Carter Clive , Richards Stephen , Lawless Dylan , Wood Philip , Buckland Matthew , Heydarzadeh Marzieh , Aghamohammadi Asghar , Hambleton Sophie , Hammarström Lennart , Burns Siobhan O , Doffinger Rainer , Savic Sinisa 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundInducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS) deficiency has been categorized as a combined immunodeficiency often complicated by enteropathies, autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation, and malignancy. We report seven new patients and four novelICOSmutations resulting in a common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)–like phenotype and show that dysregulated IL-12 release, reduced cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated protein 4 (CTLA4) expression, and skewing towards a Th1-dominant phenotype are all associated with inflammatory complications in this condition.MethodsA combination of whole exome and Sanger sequencing was used to identify novel mutations. Standard clinical and immunological evaluation was performed. FACS and ELISA-based assays were used to study cytokine responses and ICOS/ICOSL/CTLA4 expression following stimulation of whole blood and PBMCs with multiple TLR ligands, anti-CD3, and PHA.ResultsFour novel ICOS mutations included homozygous c.323_332del, homozygous c.451C>G, and compound heterozygous c.58+1G>A/c.356T>C. The predominant clinical phenotype was that of antibody deficiency associated with inflammatory complications in 4/7 patients. Six out of seven patients were treated with immunoglobulin replacement and one patient died from salmonella sepsis. All patients who were tested showed reduced IL-10 and IL-17 cytokine responses, normal IL-1β, IL6, and TNF release following LPS stimulation and highly elevated IL-12 production in response to combined LPS/IFNγ stimulation. This was associated with skewing of CD4+T cells towards Th1 phenotype and increased expression of ICOSL on monocytes. Lastly, reduced CTLA4 expression was found in 2 patients. One patient treated with ustekinumab for pancytopenia due to granulomatous bone marrow infiltration failed to respond to this targeted therapy.ConclusionsICOS deficiency is associated with defective T cell activation, with simultaneously enhanced stimulation of monocytes. The latter is likely to result from a lack of ICOS/ICOSL interaction which might be necessary to provide negative feedback which limits monocytes activation.
Is the Peer Presence Effect on Heightened Adolescent Risky Decision-Making only Present in Males?
Authors: Defoe Ivy N. , Dubas Judith Semon , Dalmaijer Edwin S. , van Aken Marcel A. G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSocial neurodevelopmental imbalance models posit that peer presence causes heightened adolescent risk-taking particularly during early adolescence. Evolutionary theory suggests that these effects would be most pronounced in males. However, the small but growing number of experimental studies on peer presence effects in adolescent risky decision-making showed mixed findings, and the vast majority of such studies did not test for the above-described gender and adolescent phase moderation effects. Moreover, most of those studies did not assess the criterion validity of the employed risky decision-making tasks. The current study was designed to investigate the abovementioned hypotheses among a sample of 327 ethnically-diverse Dutch early and mid-adolescents (49.80% female; Mage = 13.61). No main effect of peer presence on the employed risky-decision making task (i.e., the stoplight game) was found. However, the results showed a gender by peer presence moderation effect. Namely, whereas boys and girls engaged in equal levels of risks when they completed the stoplight game alone, boys engaged in more risk-taking than girls when they completed this task together with two same-sex peers. In contrast, adolescent phase did not moderate peer presence effects on risk-taking. Finally, the results showed that performance on the stoplight game predicted self-reported real-world risky traffic behavior, alcohol use and delinquency. Taken together, using a validated task, the present findings demonstrate that individual differences (i.e., gender) can determine whether the social environment (i.e., peer presence) affect risk-taking in early- and mid-adolescents. The finding that performance on a laboratory risky decision-making task can perhaps help identify adolescents that are vulnerable to diverse types of heightened risk behaviors is an important finding for science as well as prevention and intervention efforts.
Non-isothermal kinetics: best-fitting empirical models instead of model-free methods
Authors: Várhegyi Gábor , Wang Liang , Skreiberg Øyvind 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe isoconversional (or model-free) methods cannot provide meaningful kinetic description for most samples in thermal analysis. Nevertheless, they can serve as empirical models. A usable empirical model should describe well the observed data and should be suitable for predictions, too. For this purpose, the functions in the isoconversional kinetic equation were parametrized, and the parameters were determined by the method of least squares. This procedure ensures that the data calculated from the model would be close to the experimental data. The present work supplemented a preceding work of Várhegyi (Energy and Fuels 33:2348–2358, 2019) by further considerations and by various evaluations on the TGA curves of a wood sample. The prediction capabilities of the models were also tested. It was found that an evaluation based on three experiments with constant heating rates could predict well two further experiments with stepwise temperature programs. Furthermore, a modification of the model was proposed and examined. The aim of this modification was to improve the fit quality without increasing the number of parameters in the least-squares procedure.
Major seed size QTL on chromosome A05 of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is conserved in the US mini core germplasm collection
Authors: Chu Ye , Chee Peng , Isleib Thomas G. , Holbrook C. Corley , Ozias-Akins Peggy 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPod and seed size are important characteristics for the peanut industry and have been under strong selection pressure since peanut domestication. In order to dissect the genetic control of peanut pod and seed size, a recombinant inbred mapping population from a cross of Florida-07 by GP-NC WS 16 was used to determine the genomic regions associated with traits including 100 pod weight, 100 seed weight, pod weight of double-seeded pods, seed weight of double-seeded pods, and area of double-seeded pods. Nine QTL on linkage groups (LGs) A05, A06, A09, B10, B04, A03, B05, and B08 were associated with pod and seed size. A majority of the QTL have small effects except the locus on LG A05 (93 to 102 Mbp) which explained up to 66% phenotypic variation for all measured pod and seed traits. A comparison of QTL previously reported for yield component traits showed a common QTL on LG A05 was detected in two genetic populations whose parentage is distinct from those used in this study. The markers tightly linked to this major QTL were informative in distinguishing large versus small-seeded germplasm lines in the mini core collection originating from thirty-one countries, suggesting selection for this seed size QTL in large-seeded ecotypes. However, the large seed size allele appeared to co-segregate with a late leaf spot disease susceptibility allele inherited from the Florida-07 parent. Therefore, peanut breeders need to weigh the pros and cons before integrating the large seed size QTL from Florida-07 in their breeding program.
School alienation and academic achievement in Switzerland and Luxembourg: a longitudinal perspective
Authors: Morinaj Julia , Hadjar Andreas , Hascher Tina 
Published: December 2019

AbstractEarly adolescence represents a particularly sensitive period in the life of young learners, which is accompanied by an increase in school alienation. Due to its harmful nature (Hascher and Hadjar in Educ Res 60:171–188, 2018.10.1080/00131881.2018.1443021), school alienation may lead to unfavorable consequences such as low academic achievement (Johnson in J Educ Technol Soc 8:179–189, 2005; Reinke and Herman in Psychol Schools 39:549–559, 2002). This study investigates the longitudinal relationship between school alienation domains, namely alienation from learning, from teachers, and from classmates, and academic achievement among secondary school students of grade 7 to grade 9 in Switzerland and Luxembourg. Data were collected from 403 students in the Swiss canton of Bern and 387 students in Luxembourg who participated in three waves of the “School Alienation in Switzerland and Luxembourg (SASAL)” research project. Cross-lagged modeling was applied to examine the correlations between school alienation domains and academic achievement at each of the three time points, the temporal stability of school alienation domains and academic achievement, and their cross-lagged effects across time, controlling for students’ gender, school track, parental occupational status, and migration background. Results show that the pattern of relationships is defined by the school alienation domain and the cultural context, pointing to the complex interplay between the multidimensional construct of school alienation and academic outcomes of secondary school students.
Eine Krise der sozialen Anerkennung? Ergebnisse einer Bevölkerungsbefragung zu Alltagserfahrungen der Wert- und Geringschätzung in Deutschland
Authors: Schneickert Christian , Delhey Jan , Steckermeier Leonie C. 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag präsentiert erstmalig Ergebnisse zum Ausmaß, der Verteilung und den Folgen individuell erlebter Wert- und Geringschätzung in Deutschland anhand von Daten aus der Innovationsstichprobe des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP-IS 2016). Zum einen adressieren wir damit einen grundlegenden Tatbestand des sozialen Lebens – persönliche Erfahrungen der Anerkennung und Abwertung im Alltag. Zum anderen schließen wir an aktuelle Gegenwartsanalysen und öffentliche Diskurse an, die von Abwertungserfahrungen und fehlender Anerkennung als Ursachen sozialer Probleme und Konflikte ausgehen. Dabei stehen drei sozialstrukturelle Differenzierungen im Fokus: (1) sozioökonomische Unterschiede zwischen sozialen Schichten einerseits sowie soziokulturelle Unterschiede zwischen (2) Ost- und Westdeutschen und (3) Menschen mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund andererseits. Empirisch zeigt sich, dass die Menschen in Deutschland insgesamt viel Wertschätzung erfahren, besonders in lebensweltlichen Kontexten wie der Familie. Die Arbeitswelt ist hingegen ein eher ambivalenter Erfahrungskontext, der von Wert- und Geringschätzung geprägt ist. Während wir große Schichtunterschiede (insbesondere nach Einkommen, Bildungsgrad und Erwerbsstatus) finden, lassen sich weder zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschen noch bezüglich eines Migrationshintergrundes wesentliche Unterschiede im Ausmaß berichteter Wert- und Geringschätzung feststellen. Positive wie negative Erfahrungen beeinflussen schließlich die persönliche Lebenszufriedenheit sowie die Zufriedenheit mit der Demokratie, können allerdings nur die geringeren Zufriedenheiten der unteren Schichten zu einem gewissen Teil erklären, nicht aber die der ostdeutschen Bevölkerung. Insgesamt zeigt der Beitrag, dass für die soziologische Analyse von Wert- und Geringschätzung die Perspektive vertikaler Ungleichheiten wichtiger ist als die der soziokulturellen Zugehörigkeiten.