bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-Coding RNA in Raw and Commercially Processed Milk and Putative Targets Related to Growth and Immune-Response
Authors: Shome S. , Jernigan R. , Beitz D. , Clark S. , Testroet E. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background:Bovine milk contains extracellular vesicles (EVs) that play a role in cellular communication, acting in either an autocrine, paracrine, or an exocrine manner. The unique properties of the EVs protect the cargo against degradation. We profiled the ncRNAs (non-coding RNA) present in the EVs from five fluid dairy products - raw whole milk, heat-treated skim milk, homogenized heat-treated skim milk, pasteurized homogenized skim milk, and pasteurized heavy whipping cream (four replicates each) obtained at different processing steps from a commercial dairy plant. EVs and their cargo were extracted by using a validated commercial kit that has been shown to be efficient and specific for EVs. Because many ncRNAs and the ncRNAs of bovine are less well characterized that human but are generally highly conserved, both human and Bos taurus databases were probed for putative targets. Results:Thirty microRNAs (miRNAs), isolated from milk, with their corresponding 1546 putative gene targets have functions associated with immune response and growth and development, indicating the potential for these ncRNAs to beneficially support mammary health and growth for the cow as well as neonatal gut maturation. The most abundant miRNAs were miR-125, which is involved in host bacterial and viral immune response, and human homolog miR-718 in the regulation of p53, VEGF, and IGF signaling pathways, respectively. Sixty-two miRNAs were enriched and 121 miRNAs were diluted throughout all the milk samples when compared to raw whole milk. In addition, our study explored the putative roles of other ncRNAs which included 88 piRNAs (piwi-interacting RNA), 64 antisense RNAs, and 105 long-intergenic ncRNAs contained in the bovine exosomes. Conclusion:Together, the results indicate that bovine milk contains significant numbers of ncRNAs with putative regulatory targets associated with immune- and developmental-functions important for neonatal bovine health, and that processing significantly increases the abundance of these ncRNA species. It is worth noting, however, that these gene regulatory targets are putative, and, though not necessary, further evidence could be generated through experimental validation.
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis Associated with Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor: Case Report
Authors: Li Jingyan , Zhang Xinxin , He Qing , Feng Wenli , Wang Zhuoqun , Yu Haonan , Chen Qiusong , Lu Ning , Xu Dongbo , Cui Jingqiu , Liu Ming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundFunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) rarely produce vasopressin. To the best of our knowledge, only one case of an ADH-producing pNET has been reported thus far. Here, we report a case of pNET producing vasopressin in a 78-year-old man with hyponatremia.Case presentationThe patient presented with anorexia 4 years ago, and the lowest serum sodium level was 121 mmol/L. Upon admission, serum osmolarity was 277 mOsm/kg·H2O, urine osmolarity was 465 mOsm/kg·H2O, urine sodium level was 82.5 mmol/L, and 24-hour urine sodium level was 140.25 mmol. There was no evidence of adrenal insufficiency or hypothyroidism. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) was diagnosed on the basis of laboratory and clinical findings. The serum sodium level was maintained within the normal range after the oral administration of tolvaptan 7.5 mg. 68Ga-tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid–DPhe1-Tyr3-octreotate positron emission tomography-computed tomography (68Ga-DOTATATE PET-CT) showed a high uptake lesion measuring approximately 1 cm in diameter in the pancreatic body, and the possibility of the pNET was considered. The patient underwent surgery, and the immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells were positive for somatostatin receptors 2 (SSTR2) and vasopressin. The patient was weaned from tolvaptan post-surgery, and low-dose corticosteroids were started due to signs of relative adrenal insufficiency, which was probably related to heart failure and surgery. Serum sodium level was maintained within the normal range.ConclusionsThis case illustrates the potential ectopic production of vasopressin resulting in SIAD in pNETs, highlighting the adoption of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET-CT and vasopressin immunohistochemical staining in the evaluation of the etiology of SIAD.
Development and Testing of Relative Risk-based Health Messages for Electronic Cigarette Products
Authors: Kimber Catherine , Cox Sharon , Frings Daniel , Albery Ian P. , Dawkins Lynne 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Health messages on e-cigarette packs emphasise nicotine addiction or harms using similar wording to warnings on cigarette packs. These may not be appropriate for e-cigarettes which constitute a reduced risk alternative for smokers. This research aimed to i) develop and test a selection of relative risk messages for e-cigarette products; ii) compare these to the two current EU Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) nicotine addiction messages; and iii) explore differences between smokers, non-smokers and dual users. Method: Twenty-six messages focusing on either harm-reduction or cessation were developed and rated by multidisciplinary experts for accuracy, persuasiveness and clarity. The eight highest ranking messages were compared alongside the TPD messages in a sample of 983 European residents (316 smokers, 327 non-smokers, 340 dual users) on understandability, believability and convincingness. Results: On all three constructs combined, the two TPD messages rated the highest, closely followed by four relative risk messages “Completely switching to e-cigarettes lowers your risk of smoking related diseases”, “Use of this product is much less harmful than smoking”, “Completely switching to e-cigarettes is a healthier alternative to smoking”, and “This product presents substantially lower risks to health than cigarettes” which did not differ statistically from the TPD messages. Non-smokers rated TPD1 significantly higher overall than dual users. Dual users rated “This product is a safer alternative to smoking” significantly higher than non-smokers. Messages did not differ on understandability. Conclusions: These alternative messages provide a useful resource for future research and for policy makers considering updating e-cigarette product labelling.
Contributing barriers to Defaulting from Antenatal Care Services in Villages Around Addis Ababa: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Tsegaye Zergu , Abawollo Hailemariam , Desta Binyam , Mamo Tsega , Heyi Atrie , Mesele Mestawot , Lose Addisu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Problems during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum are the major contributors to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Focused antenatal care is an intervention set to provide basic services for pregnant women, to reduce morbidity and mortality related to pregnancy. In Ethiopia, there is a significant antenatal care attendance dropout between the first and fourth visits. The aim of this study is to explore the potential contributing barriers to defaulting from antenatal care services in the country.Methods: A qualitative research method was used, where 20 in-depth interviews and three focus group discussions were conducted. A qualitative data analysis software, ATLAS.ti 8, was applied. Results: Low quality antenatal care service which occurs primarily due to shortage of the required drugs, supplies and equipment is a major barrier for sustainable attendance of antenatal care followed by poor care, respect and receptiveness of service providers. Lack and cost of transport as well as partners’ approval and support were also claimed to be part of the major barriers. Community culture and pervious maternal experiences as well as maternal sociodemographic factors like maternal age at time of pregnancy and educational status of mothers were also reported as barriers to the seeking and completion of antenatal care services. Conclusions: Both demand and supply side barriers play a significant role in the dropout of antenatal care services. Availing good quality antenatal care services, closer to the community by improving the health workforce and supply chain system is recommended.
Effects of a Temporary Suspension of Community-based Health Insurance in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Bolarinwa Oladimeji Akeem , Akande Tanimola Makanjuola , Janssens Wendy , Boahene Kwasi , de Wit Tobias Rinke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Social health insurance has been widely proposed as a key strategy to improve access to healthcare and provide financial protection. The Kwara Community Health Insurance Programme (KCHIP) in Nigeria was temporarily suspended in 2016 in anticipation of the roll-out of a state-wide health insurance scheme. This article reports the adverse consequences of the scheme’s suspension on enrollees’ healthcare utilization and the associated factors with the ability to pay for care. Methods: A mixed-methods study was carried out in Kwara State, Nigeria, in 2018 using a semi-quantitative cross-sectional survey amongst 600 former KCHIP clients, and in-depth interviews with 24 clients and 29 participating public and private healthcare providers in the program. Quantitative data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22 while qualitative data was analyzed thematically.Results: Most of former enrollees (95.3%) kept utilizing programme facilities after the suspension, mainly because of the high quality of care. However, majority of the enrollees (95.8%) reverted to out-of-pocket (OOP) payment while 67% reported constraints in payment for healthcare services after suspension of the program. In the absence of insurance, the most common coping mechanisms for healthcare payment were personal savings (63.3%), donations from friends and families (34.7%) and loans (11.8%). Being a male enrollee (OR=1.61), living in a rural community (OR=1.77), exclusive usage of KCHIP prior to suspension (OR=1.94) and suffering an acute illness (OR=3.38) increased the odds of being financially constrained in accessing healthcare. Expectedly, the wealthy respondents were less likely (OR = 0.78) to be constrained by the suspension of the programme. All healthcare facilities in the study sample experienced a reduced patient load after suspension of the scheme. Seventeen of 29 healthcare facilities recorded a decrease in revenue, more noticeable among private facilities. Conclusion: After the suspension of the KCHIP, many enrollees and health facilities experienced financial constraints. These underscore the importance of sustainable health insurance schemes as a risk-pooling mechanism to sustain access to good quality health care and financial protection from catastrophic health expenditures. Moreover, the findings highlight the importance of effective processes to smooth the transition policy from community- to state-wide health insurance schemes.
Comparison of Different Calibration Techniques by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Bakery Products&nbsp;
Authors: ESELLER KEMAL Efe , Bilge Gonca , Berberoglu Halil , Sezer Banu , Tamer Ugur , Boyaci İsmail Hakki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a rapid optical spectroscopy technique for elemental determination, which has been used for quantitative analysis in many fields. However, the calibration involving atomic emission intensity and sample concentration, is still a challenge due to physical-chemical matrix effect of samples and fluctuations of experimental parameters. To overcome these problems, various chemometric data analysis techniques have been combined with LIBS technique. In this study, LIBS was used to show its potential as a routine analysis for Na measurements in bakery products. A series of standard bread samples containing various concentrations of NaCl (0.025%–3.5%) was prepared to compare different calibration techniques. Standard calibration curve (SCC), artificial neural network (ANN) and partial least square (PLS) techniques were used as calibration strategies. Among them, PLS was found to be more efficient for predicting the Na concentrations in bakery products with an increase in coefficient of determination value from 0.961 to 0.999 for standard bread samples and from 0.788 to 0.943 for commercial products.
SERPINB10&nbsp;Contributes to Asthma by Inhibiting the Apoptosis of Allergenic Th2&nbsp;Cells
Authors: Mo Yuqing , Ye Ling , Cai Hui , Zhu Guiping , Wang Jian , Zhu Mengchan , Song Xixi , Yang Chengyu , Jin Meiling 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Serine peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 10 (SERPINB10) contributes to allergic inflammation in asthma. However, its role in the T-helper type 1 (Th1) /Th2 response of allergic asthma is not known. The goal of this study was to unveil the function of SERPINB10 in the Th2 response of allergic asthma and the mechanism by which SERPINB10 affects the viability of Th2 cells.Methods: Th2 cytokines and serum levels of house dust mite (HDM)-specific IgE in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were examined by ELISA in an HDM-induced asthma model. The number and apoptosis of Th1 and Th2 cells in mouse lungs were measured by flow cytometry. Naïve CD4 T cells from patients with asthma were cultured under appropriate polarizing conditions to generate Th1 and Th2 cells. SERPINB10 expression in polarized Th1 and Th2 cells was quantified by real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. SERPINB10 expression was knocked down in CD4 T cells with lentivirus. Results: Knockdown of SERPINB10 expression significantly diminished HDM-induced Th2 cytokine secretion and level of HDM-specific IgE. After HDM exposure, SERPINB10-knockdown mice had diminished numbers of Th2 cells, but similar numbers of Th1 cells, compared with those in negative-control mice. Th2 cells of SERPINB10-knockdown mice were more susceptible to apoptosis than that of control mice. Stimulating T-cell receptors (TCRs) with anti-CD3 antibody caused upregulation of SERPINB10 expression in polarized Th2 cells, but not polarized Th1 cells. Knockdown of SERPINB10 expression resulted in fewer numbers and greater apoptosis of polarized Th2 cells.Conclusion: Our results suggest that SERPINB10 may contributes to allergic inflammation and the Th2 response of asthma by inhibiting the apoptosis of Th2 cells.
Predictors of Undertriage after Major Trauma in a Physician-led Prehospital System: Insights of a French Registry
Authors: BENHAMED Axel , FRATICELLI Laurie , CLAUSTRE Clément , DOUPLAT Marion , MARCOTTE Guillaume , CESAREO Eric , GOSSIOME Amaury , BOURGEOIS Jean-Baptiste , HEIDET Matthieu , EMOND Marcel , DAVID Jean-Stéphane , KHOURY Carlos EL , TAZAROURTE Karim 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe proper prehospital triage and transportation of patients suffering major trauma to lever 1 trauma centers is associated with better outcomes. Hence, emergency medical systems (EMS) aim is to avoid undertriage in these patients. The main objective of this study was to assess the rate and predictors of undertriage in a physician-led prehospital system.MethodsWe conducted an observational multicentric, region-wide, retrospective study based on the RESUVal Trauma-System registry, Rhône-Alpes region, France. All adults assessed by physician-led EMS units, from January 2011 to December 2017 with major trauma (Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 16) were included. We defined the correct-triage group as major trauma patients admitted to a level I trauma center. We performed univariate then multivariate logistic regressions with undertriage as outcome.ResultsA total of 7,110 patients were included in the registry, of whom 2,591 patients with an ISS≥ 16. Among these patients, 320 (12.35%) were undertriaged. Median ISS was 25. In-hospital mortality was 16.45% (n=351/2134). Mid-aged patients (51-65 years old) were associated with a higher risk of undertriage than the others (OR=1.62, 95%CI 1.15-2.28, p=0.01). Factors associated with a lower risk of undertriage were: mechanism (fall or gunshot/stabbing wounds, 0.62, [0.45-0.86], p=0.01 and 0.44, [0.22-0.9], p=0.02, respectively), time on-scene (over 60 minutes, 0.61, [0.38-0.95], p=0.03), prehospital need for endotracheal intubation and ultrasound examination (0.53, [0.39-0.72], p<0.001 and 0.15, [0.08-0.29], p<0.001 respectively). After adjusting for severity, undertriage showed a non-significant tendency toward an increased risk of mortality (1.22, [0.8-1.89], p=0.36).ConclusionsIn our region-wide, physician-led prehospital system, undertriage of major trauma was not rare. The typical profile of undertriaged patients was a mid-aged male suffering from a blunt trauma, without respiratory distress or neurologic impairment, not benefiting from prehospital ultrasound examination and located close to a non-trauma center hospital.
Evaluation of Home Medical Care Pharmacists’ Services by Physicians, Nurses, Care Managers, and Home Helpers: A Mail Survey
Authors: Sano Atsuhiko , Shibata Keita , Ishida Mao , Nakazawa Masato , Kurata Naomi , Kishimoto Keiko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Malaria Finance, Household Mosquito Net Ownership &amp; Use, Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Pregnancy (IPTp) in Ghana; A Socioeconomic Comparative Analysis
Authors: Lukwa Akim Tafadzwa , Atta-Obeng Christian , Kaseke Tinashe Warren , Aggrey Siya , Alaba Olufunke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background Malaria to date remains one of the top five killer diseases in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the malaria burden is skewed towards pregnant women and children under five. Insecticide Treated Bed-Net (ITN) usage and intermittent preventive treatment has been credited to be among the most cost-effective, preventive interventions against malaria. MethodsThe study used Ghana’s Malaria Indicator Surveys (GMIS) of 2016 and 2019. Socioeconomic status was assessed using the wealth index reported in both surveys. Household mosquito net ownership, mosquito net use among under 5’s and women, IPTp coverage, health insurance and awareness of malaria covered by national health insurance were binary variable, therefore the study adopted the Wagstaff normalized index. Concentration curves were computed to present a graphical picture of the concentration indices.ResultsTreated household net ownership and use among under-5s’ and pregnant women for both time periods was highest in among poor literate rural women, as well as the Intermittent Preventive Treatment in pregnancy coverage. However, even though poor households were more likely to have health insurance, wealth household were more likely to be aware that malaria treatment is finance by the National Health Insurance Scheme in Ghana.Conclusion In conclusion for the period under-review the concentration indices for; household net ownership, usage of treated nets among under-5s and pregnant women increased reflecting widening socioeconomic inequalities in net ownership and usage in Ghana. While, health insurance ownership and awareness of malaria finance under NHIS showed socioeconomic gaps to be contracting.
Take Home Injectable Opioids for Opioid Use Disorder During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic Is in Urgent Need: A Case Study
Authors: Oviedo-Joekes Eugenia , MacDonald Scott , Boissonneault Charles , Harper Kelli 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: In North America the opioid poisoning crisis currently faces the unprecedented challenges brought by the COVID-19 pandemic, further straining people and communities already facing structural and individual vulnerabilities. People with opioid use disorder (OUD) are facing unique challenges in response to COVID-19, such as not being able to adopt best practices (e.g., physical distancing) if they’re financially insecure or living in shelters (or homeless). They also have other medical conditions that make them more likely to be immunocompromised and at risk of developing COVID-19. In response to the COVID-19 public health emergency, national and provincial regulatory bodies introduced guidance and exemptions to mitigate the spread of the virus. Among them, clinical guidance for prescribers were issued to allow take home opioid medications for opioid agonist treatment (OAT). Take Home for injectable opioid agonist treatment (iOAT) is only considered within a restrictive regulatory structure, specific to the pandemic. Nevertheless, this risk mitigation guidance allowed carries, mostly daily dispensed, to a population that would not have access to it prior to the pandemic. In this case it is presented and discussed that if a carry was possible during the pandemic, then the carry could continue post COVID-19 to address a gap in our approach to individualize care for people with OUD receiving iOAT.Case Presentation: Here we present the first case of a patient in Canada with long-term OUD that received take home injectable diacetylmorphine to self-isolate in an approved site after being diagnosed with COVID-19 during a visit to the emergency room where he was diagnosed with cellulitis and admitted to receive antibiotics. Conclusion: In the present case we demonstrated that it is feasible to provide iOAT outside the community clinic with no apparent negative consequences. Improving upon and making permanent these recently introduced risk mitigating guidance during COVID-19, have the potential not just to protect during the pandemic, but also to address long-overdue barriers to access evidence-based care in addiction treatment.