bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review and definition of ‘usual care’ in genetic counseling trials to standardize use in research
Authors: Biesecker Barbara B. , Lillie Sarah E. , Amendola Laura M. , Donohue Katherine E. , East Kelly M. , Foreman Ann Katherine M. , Gilmore Marian J. , Greve Veronica , Liangolou Billie , O'Daniel Julianne M. , Odgis Jacqueline A. , Rego Shannon , Rolf Bradley , Scollon Sarah , Suckiel Sabrina A. , Zepp Jamilyn , Joseph Galen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe descriptor ‘usual care’ refers to standard or routine care. Yet, no formal definition exists. The need to define what constitutes usual care arises in clinical research. Often one arm in a trial represents usual care in comparison with a novel intervention. Accordingly, usual care in genetic counseling research appears predominantly in randomized controlled trials. Recent standards for reporting genetic counseling research call for standardization, but do not address usual care. We (1) inventoried all seven studies in the Clinical Sequencing Evidence‐Generating Consortium (CSER) about how genetic counseling was conceptualized, conducted, and whether a usual care arm was involved; (2) conducted a review of published randomized control trials in genetic counseling, comparing how researchers describe usual care groups; and (3) reviewed existing professionally endorsed definitions and practice descriptions of genetic counseling. We found wide variation in the content and delivery of usual care. Descriptions frequently detailed the content of usual care, most often noting assessment of genetic risk factors, collecting family histories, and offering testing. A minority included addressing psychological concerns or the risks versus benefits of testing. Descriptions of how care was delivered were vague except for mode and type of clinician, which varied. This significant variation, beyond differences expected among subspecialties, reduces the validity and generalizability of genetic counseling research. Ideally, research reflects clinical practice so that evidence generated can be used to improve clinical outcomes. To address this objective, we propose a definition of usual care in genetic counseling research that merges common elements from the National Society of Genetic Counselors’ practice definition, the Reciprocal Engagement Model, and the Accreditation Council for Genetic Counselors’ practice‐based competencies. Promoting consistent execution of usual care in the design of genetic counseling trials can lead to more consistency in representing clinical care and facilitate the generation of evidence to improve it.
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 activation inhibits the delayed rectifier potassium channels in hippocampal pyramidal neurons: An implication in pathological changes following pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus
Authors: Zhou Li , Xu Weixing , An Dong , Sha Sha , Men Chen , Li Yingchun , Wang Xiaoli , Du Yimei , Chen Lei 
Published: December 2020

AbstractActivation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) can increase hippocampal neuronal excitability. TRPV4 has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Voltage‐gated potassium channels (VGPCs) play an important role in regulating neuronal excitability and abnormal VGPCs expression or function is related to epilepsy. Here, we examined the effect of TRPV4 activation on the delayed rectifier potassium current (IK) in hippocampal pyramidal neurons and on the Kv subunits expression in male mice. We also explored the role of TRPV4 in changes in Kv subunits expression in male mice following pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus (PISE). Application of TRPV4 agonists, GSK1016790A and 5,6‐EET, markedly reduced IK in hippocampal pyramidal neurons and shifted the voltage‐dependent inactivation curve to the hyperpolarizing direction. GSK1016790A‐ and 5,6‐EET‐induced inhibition of IK was blocked by TRPV4 specific antagonists, HC‐067047 and RN1734. GSK1016790A‐induced inhibition of IK was markedly attenuated by calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase II (CaMKII) antagonist. Application of GSK1016790A for up to 1 hr did not change the hippocampal protein levels of Kv1.1, Kv1.2, or Kv2.1. Intracerebroventricular injection of GSK1016790A for 3 d reduced the hippocampal protein levels of Kv1.2 and Kv2.1, leaving that of Kv1.1 unchanged. Kv1.2 and Kv2.1 protein levels as well as IK reduced markedly in hippocampi on day 3 post PISE, which was significantly reversed by HC‐067047. We conclude that activation of TRPV4 inhibits IK in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, possibly by activating CaMKII. TRPV4‐induced decrease in Kv1.2 and Kv2.1 expression and IK may be involved in the pathological changes following PISE.
Characteristics of mesoscale convective systems during the warm season over the Tibetan Plateau based on FY‐2 satellite datasets
Authors: Liu Yi , Yao Xiuping , Fei Jianfang , Yang Xiangrong , Sun Jun 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMesoscale convective systems (MCSs) often cause heavy precipitation events during the warm season over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). By using the 1‐hr gridded data sets with the resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° from the geostationary satellites of Fengyun‐2 series (FY‐2C/2E), the characteristics of MCSs over the TP during the warm season (May–August) from 2005 to 2012 are analysed. Based on objective criteria, MCSs over the TP can be divided into six categories, namely mesoscale convection complexes (MCCs), persistent elongated convection systems (PECSs), meso‐β circular convection systems (MβCCSs), meso‐β elongated convection systems (MβECSs), smaller meso‐β circular convection systems (SMβCCSs), as well as smaller meso‐β elongated convection systems (SMβECSs). The results show that there are 1,465 MCSs occurring over the TP during the warm seasons of 2005–2012, and most MCSs occur in a banded area around 30°N with two high‐frequency centres. The frequency of MCSs reaches a maximum in July, followed by August and June, while the lowest frequency occurs in May. The high‐frequency centre is located in the northern part of the TP in May, and moves southward to the central and southern part of the TP from June to August. 82.3% of the MCSs over the TP belong to the elongated categories, out of which MβECSs account for the most. MCSs over the TP have significant diurnal variations, which usually initiate at around 1700 LST (LST, LST = UTC + 8 hr), then develop and reach maturity at 2000 LST, then weaken and dissipate at 2200 LST. The life cycles of MCSs are characterized by slow growth and rapid weakening. The larger the scale of MCSs over the TP is, the longer the duration will be.
Social representations of space travel: Modeling the antecedents and outcomes
Authors: Tasci Asli D. A. , Fyall Alan D. , Fu Xiaoxiao 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUsing Social Representations Theory, the current study modeled different information sources, “anchoring” of space travel, “objectification” of space travel and their influences on attitude towards, support for, and attractiveness of space travel using data from 474 respondents. PLS‐SEM revealed that negative anchors related to space travel influence negative attitude while the objectification of SpaceX, Virgin Galactic, and Tesla influence the positive attitudes. Organizations with an interest in space tourism need to use scientific knowledge and scientists, documentary broadcasts, and serious news media for broadening their appeal, as more tangible scientific messages derive the higher response and impact.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Treatment Effects on Cardiovascular Physiology: A Systematic Review and Agenda for Future Research
Authors: Bourassa Kyle J. , Hendrickson Rebecca C. , Reger Greg M. , Norr Aaron M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is linked to both altered physiological functioning and poorer cardiovascular health outcomes, including an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular‐related mortality. An important question is whether interventions for PTSD might ameliorate the risk for poorer health by improving cardiovascular physiological intermediaries. To begin to characterize the literature addressing this question, we conducted a systematic review of empirical studies examining the impact of PTSD interventions on cardiovascular physiological intermediaries, including blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cardiac impedance, and subclinical atherosclerosis. Outcomes included both tonic (i.e., resting) cardiovascular functioning and cardiovascular reactivity (CVR). A total of 44 studies met the inclusion criteria. There was mixed evidence regarding whether PTSD treatment improved tonic cardiovascular functioning. There was stronger evidence that PTSD treatments reduced CVR to trauma‐related stressors, particularly for higher‐quality studies of cognitive behavioral interventions. No studies examined cardiac impedance or subclinical atherosclerosis. The studies had a high degree of heterogeneity in the populations sampled and interventions tested. Moreover, they generally included small sample sizes and lacked control conditions. Interventions for PTSD may improve cardiovascular physiological outcomes, particularly CVR to trauma cues, although additional methodologically rigorous studies are needed. We outline changes to future research that would improve the literature regarding this important question, including the more frequent use of control groups and larger sample sizes.
Drug repurposing approach to combating coronavirus: Potential drugs and drug targets
Authors: Xu Jimin , Xue Yu , Zhou Richard , Shi Pei‐Yong , Li Hongmin , Zhou Jia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn the past two decades, three highly pathogenic human coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and, recently, SARS‐CoV‐2, have caused pandemics of severe acute respiratory diseases with alarming morbidity and mortality. Due to the lack of specific anti‐CoV therapies, the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) poses a great challenge to clinical management and highlights an urgent need for effective interventions. Drug repurposing is a rapid and feasible strategy to identify effective drugs for combating this deadly infection. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic CoV targets, focus on the existing small molecule drugs that have the potential to be repurposed for existing and emerging CoV infections of the future, and discuss the clinical progress of developing small molecule drugs for COVID‐19.
Understanding the tumor microenvironment for effective immunotherapy
Authors: Sadeghi Rad Habib , Monkman James , Warkiani Majid E. , Ladwa Rahul , O'Byrne Ken , Rezaei Nima , Kulasinghe Arutha 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAdvances in immunotherapy have led to durable and long‐term benefits in a subset of patients across a number of solid tumor types. Understanding of the subsets of patients that respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors at the cellular level, and in the context of their tumor microenvironment (TME) is becoming increasingly important. The TME is composed of a heterogeneous milieu of tumor and immune cells. The immune landscape of the TME can inhibit or promote tumor initiation and progression; thus, a deeper understanding of tumor immunity is necessary to develop immunotherapeutic strategies. Recent developments have focused on characterizing the TME immune contexture (type, density, and function) to discover mechanisms and biomarkers that may predict treatment outcomes. This has, in part, been powered by advancements in spatial characterization technologies. In this review article, we address the role of specific immune cells within the TME at various stages of tumor progression and how the immune contexture determinants affecting tumor growth are used therapeutically.
Influence of the PVOH molar mass on the morphology and functional properties of EVOH/PVOH films prepared by melt blending
Authors: Blanchard Anthony , Melis Flavien , Gouanvé Fabrice , Brouillat Jean‐Matthieu , Espuche Eliane 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe influences of the molar mass (low, medium, and high) and content of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) dispersed by melt‐blending in an ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer on the morphology, microstructure, thermal, mechanical, and oxygen barrier properties were investigated. Multilayer films with external low‐density polyethylene layers and inner EVOH/PVOH blend layer and respective monolayer films were elaborated and characterized. EVOH/PVOH blends exhibited a good compatibility because of the initial presence of PVOH segments in EVOH. The detailed quantitative analysis of the morphology performed for all blends showed that the finest dispersion was obtained with the PVOH with the lowest molar mass. The properties of the films as a function of the PVOH content and its molar mass were determined herein. Significant improvement of barrier properties was obtained at moderated water activities (up to aw = 0.6) by using the PVOH with the lowest molar mass. Compared to the neat EVOH material, the oxygen permeability coefficients decreased by a factor 2 by adding 15 vol% PVOH while the thermal and mechanical properties remained similar.
Applications of direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry in food analysis: A review
Authors: Zhang Xiaoping , Ren Xiang , Chingin Konstantin 
Published: December 2020

RationaleDirect analysis in real time (DART) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) detection has become one of the most broadly used analytical approaches for the direct molecular characterization of food samples with regard to their chemical quality, safety, origin, and authentication. The major advantages of DART‐MS for food analysis include high chemical sensitivity and specificity, high speed and throughput of analysis, simplicity, and the obviation of tedious sample preparation and solvents.MethodsThe recent applications of DART coupled with different mass analyzers, including quadrupole, ion trap, Orbitrap, and time of flight, are discussed. In addition, sample pretreatment methods that have been coupled with DART‐MS are discussed.ResultsWe summarize the applications of DART‐MS in food science and industry published in the period from 2005 to this date. The applications and analytical characteristics are systematically categorized across the three major types of foods: solid foods, liquid foods, and viscous foods.ConclusionsDART‐MS has proved its high suitability for the direct, rapid, and high‐throughput molecular analysis of very different food samples with minimal or no sample preparation, thus offering a high‐speed alternative to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) approaches that are traditionally employed in food analysis.
Immunity and inflammatory biomarkers in COVID‐19: A systematic review
Authors: Iwamura Ana Paula D. , Tavares da Silva Marielen R. , Hümmelgen Ana Luísa , Soeiro Pereira Paulo V. , Falcai Angela , Grumach Anete Sevciovic , Goudouris Ekaterini , Neto Antônio Condino , Prando Carolina 
Published: December 2020

SummaryCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a clinical syndrome caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) virus. Patients can be asymptomatic or present respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms, and even multiple‐organ failure which can lead to death. The balance between an effective antiviral response and dysregulated immune response is the key factor determining the severity of COVID‐19 progression. A systematic review was performed using the NCBI‐PubMed database to find the articles related to COVID‐19 immunity and inflammatory response published from 1 December 2019 to 15 April 2020. Haematological, immunological and biochemical parameters were extracted and correlated with disease severity, age and presence of comorbidities. Twelve articles were analysed comprising a total of 1042 hospitalized patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 and 95 different parameters. Total lymphocyte count and levels of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells were decreased in severe and critical cases. Neutrophilia was found in patients who progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Interleukin‐six (IL‐6) was high in mild and severe patients regardless of comorbidities. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and count and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels were increased regardless of disease severity or presence of comorbidities. High levels of D‐dimer and lactate dehydrogenase were present in diabetic patients and patients who developed ARDS. Procalcitonin levels were elevated to varying degrees in severe and critical patients. We conclude that the total lymphocyte count, CD3+ and CD4+ T cells are low, especially in severe and critical COVID‐19 patients; ESR, CRP and IL‐6 were elevated, independent of the severity of disease. Understanding the inflammatory response of COVID‐19 patients is essential for the development of better therapeutic and management strategies.
Population‐based prevalence surveys during the Covid‐19 pandemic: A systematic review
Authors: Franceschi Vinícius Bonetti , Santos Andressa Schneiders , Glaeser Andressa Barreto , Paiz Janini Cristina , Caldana Gabriel Dickin , Machado Lessa Carem Luana , de Menezes Mayer Amanda , Küchle Julia Gonçalves , Gazzola Zen Paulo Ricardo , Vigo Alvaro , Winck Ana Trindade , Rotta Liane Nanci , Thompson Claudia Elizabeth 
Published: December 2020

SummaryPopulation‐based prevalence surveys of Covid‐19 contribute to establish the burden of infection, the role of asymptomatic and mild infections in transmission, and allow more precise decisions about reopen policies. We performed a systematic review to evaluate qualitative aspects of these studies, assessing their reliability and compiling practices that can influence the methodological quality. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, bioRxiv and medRxiv, and included cross‐sectional studies using molecular and/or serological tests to estimate the prevalence of Covid‐19 in the general population. Survey quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence Studies. A correspondence analysis correlated methodological parameters of each study to identify patterns related to higher, intermediate and lower risks of bias. The available data described 37 surveys from 19 countries. The majority were from Europe and America, used antibody testing, and reached highly heterogeneous sample sizes and prevalence estimates. Minority communities were disproportionately affected by Covid‐19. Important risk of bias was detected in four domains: sample size, data analysis with sufficient coverage, measurements in standard way and response rate. The correspondence analysis showed few consistent patterns for high risk of bias. Intermediate risk of bias was related to American and European studies, municipal and regional initiatives, blood samples and prevalence >1%. Low risk of bias was related to Asian studies, nationwide initiatives, reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests and prevalence <1%. We identified methodological standards applied worldwide in Covid‐19 prevalence surveys, which may assist researchers with the planning, execution and reporting of future population‐based surveys.
Psychosocial safety climate and stigma: Reporting stress‐related concerns at work
Authors: Klinefelter Zachary , Sinclair Robert R. , Britt Thomas W. , Sawhney Gargi , Black Kristen Jennings , Munc Alec 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhile researchers have begun to investigate theory and methods related to attenuating stress‐related issues at work, one underexplored area is a barrier to reporting stress‐related concerns in the workplace. Research on organizational climate broadly covers psychosocial safety at work. However, the literature has not examined other, more specific factors such as stigma towards reporting stress‐related concerns in the workplace. Using a prospective design, the current study examined the distinction between psychosocial safety climate (PSC) and stigmas surrounding reporting stress that may exist in organizations. Furthermore, we investigated whether PSC would buffer against the effects of such stigmas. The findings of this study indicate that stigma and PSC are distinct and can independently predict psychosocial outcomes. The results also indicate that PSC may play a role in attenuating the effects of these stigmas on some psychosocial outcomes. Implications and potential avenues for future research in this area are discussed.
ThingsMigrate: Platform‐independent migration of stateful JavaScript Internet of Things applications
Authors: Jung Kumseok , Gascon‐Samson Julien , Goyal Shivanshu , Rezaiean‐Asel Armin , Pattabiraman Karthik 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) has gained wide popularity both in academic and industrial contexts. Unlike traditional embedded devices with specialized firmwares, modern IoT devices accommodate general‐purpose operating systems, allowing developers to run more sophisticated applications written in high‐level languages like JavaScript. Because IoT devices are subject to resource constraints like available battery power, we need to dynamically migrate a running process between different devices to prevent losing state. However, it is challenging to apply migration techniques using memory snapshots across the heterogeneous pool of IoT devices. We present ThingsMigrate, a middleware providing platform‐independent migration of JavaScript processes across IoT devices. Prior to execution, ThingsMigrate instruments the source code of a given program to expose its internal state. During run‐time, the transformed program produces on demand a JSON snapshot of its current state, from which new code is generated to resume execution. Thus, ThingsMigrate enables process migration entirely in the application space without any modifications to the underlying virtual machine (VM), providing VM‐independence. We present three versions of ThingsMigrate, each building on the previous to optimize for run‐time latency and memory consumption. We report on the experience of building each successive version and discuss the insights gained and the learning outcomes. We evaluated ThingsMigrate against standard benchmarks, over two IoT platforms and a cloud‐like environment. We show that it can migrate even highly CPU‐intensive applications, with average run‐time latency overhead of 33% and memory overhead of 78%. ThingsMigrate supports multiple subsequent migrations without introducing additional overhead over each subsequent migration.