bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A regional assessment of land‐based carbon mitigation potentials: Bioenergy, BECCS, reforestation, and forest management
Authors: Krause Andreas , Knoke Thomas , Rammig Anja 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLand‐based solutions are indispensable features of most climate mitigation scenarios. Here we conduct a novel cross‐sectoral assessment of regional carbon mitigation potential by running an ecosystem model with an explicit representation of forest structure and climate impacts for Bavaria, Germany, as a case study. We drive the model with four high‐resolution climate projections (EURO‐CORDEX) for the representative concentration pathway RCP4.5 and present‐day land‐cover from three satellite‐derived datasets (CORINE, ESA‐CCI, MODIS) and identify total mitigation potential by not only accounting for carbon storage but also material and energy substitution effects. The model represents the current state in Bavaria adequately, with a simulated forest biomass 12.9 ± 0.4% lower than data from national forest inventories. Future land‐use changes according to two ambitious land‐use harmonization scenarios (SSP1xRCP2.6, SSP4xRCP3.4) achieve a mitigation of 206 and 247 Mt C (2015–2100 period) via reforestation and the cultivation and burning of dedicated bioenergy crops, partly combined with carbon capture and storage. Sensitivity simulations suggest that converting croplands or pastures to bioenergy plantations could deliver a carbon mitigation of 40.9 and 37.7 kg C/m2, respectively, by the year 2100 if used to replace carbon‐intensive energy systems and combined with CCS. However, under less optimistic assumptions (including no CCS), only 15.3 and 12.2 kg C/m2 are mitigated and reforestation might be the better option (20.0 and 16.8 kg C/m2). Mitigation potential in existing forests is limited (converting coniferous into mixed forests, nitrogen fertilization) or even negative (suspending wood harvest) due to decreased carbon storage in product pools and associated substitution effects. Our simulations provide guidelines to policy makers, farmers, foresters, and private forest owners for sustainable and climate‐benefitting ecosystem management in temperate regions. They also emphasize the importance of the CCS technology which is regarded critically by many people, making its implementation in the short or medium term currently doubtable.
Characterization of high temperature optical spectra of glass melts and modeling of thermal radiation conductivity
Authors: Faber Anne‐Jans , Rongen Mathi , Lankhorst Adriaan , Meneses Domingos De Sousa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTwo innovative experimental techniques for measuring the high temperature near infrared optical spectra of glass melts are compared. The critical experimental features of both techniques, one based on transmission and the other based on emittance measurements, are reviewed. Typical results of both techniques, including high temperature spectra and values for the Rosseland mean absorption coefficient and thermal radiation conductivity versus temperature for similar glass melts, are compared. The study is focused on sulfate fined soda lime silicate glass melts colored with iron oxide and chromium oxide and on the effect of the glass redox state on the thermal radiation conductivity. It is shown that essentially different measuring principles provide consistent results for similar glass melt types, that is, colors. Using the high temperature spectra of a large variety of (colored) glasses, a new semi‐empirical model is developed for predicting the Rosseland radiation conductivity of arbitrary sulfate fined soda lime silicate glass melts, colored with iron oxide and chromium oxide. By separating the effects of (a) the temperature‐dependent redox state, (b) the high temperature changes in ligand field strengths and (c) the glass matrix, the model reliably predicts the Rosseland radiation conductivity, with a chemical analysis of the glass as input only.
Peritoneal dialysis‐related peritonitis as a risk factor for cardiovascular events
Authors: Hepburn Kirsten S. , Lambert Kelly , Mullan Judy , McAlister Brendan , Lonergan Maureen , Cheikh Hassan Hicham I. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Infection is known to increase the risk of cardiovascular events (CVE); however, no studies have examined the association between PD peritonitis and CVE.AimTo examine peritonitis as a risk factor for CVE in PD patients.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included all adults undertaking PD for ≥3 months in one Australian health district from 2001 to 2015. Baseline characteristics and peritonitis event information was obtained from the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant registry. The Centre for Health Research Illawarra Shoalhaven Population facilitated data linkage using ICD10 coding to capture CVE information.ResultsA total of 211 patients was included, with median age of 66 years (interquartile range 54.49–74.45); 64% were male. Peritonitis occurred in 114 (54%) patients and 65 (30.8%) patients experienced a CVE. Identified risk factors for CVE included: cerebrovascular disease (hazard ratio (HR) 2.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.36–5.47), diabetes (HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.47–3.96), coronary artery disease (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.01–2.77) and age (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.06). There was no significant increase in risk of CVE following peritonitis (HR 1.37, 95% CI 0.81–2.32, P = 0.24), even when accounting for age, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes and existing coronary artery disease (HR 1.32, 95% CI 0.78–2.23, P = 0.30).ConclusionsWe did not find an increase in the risk of CVE following a peritonitis episode in PD patients. This result may be due to small sample size or rapid peritonitis treatment mitigating cardiovascular risk.
Large electrostrain in low‐temperature sintered NBT‐BT‐0.025FN incipient piezoceramics
Authors: Liu Kai , Zhang Yangyang , Marwat Mohsin A. , Wang Ge , Wang Dawei , Ma Weigang , Wei Tian , li Mei , Xu Jiwen , Yang Huabin , Kongparakul Suwadee , Samart Chanatip , Zang Jiadong , Fan Pengyuan , Zhang Haibo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is well‐known that the high sintering temperatures of (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3 (NBT)‐based incipient piezoceramics limit their applications on low‐cost multilayer piezoelectric actuators with base metal internal electrodes. In this work, a synergistic sintering additive of 0.75 wt% Li2CO3 and 0.75 wt% CuO was utilized to explore the effect on sintering behavior and electrostrain of (Na1/2Bi1/2)0.935Ba0.065Ti0.975(Fe1/2Nb1/2)0.025O3 (NBT‐BT‐0.025FN) incipient piezoceramic. The optimal sintering temperature of NBT‐BT‐0.025FN decreased from 1160°C to 940°C due to the formation of a liquid phase, with limited degradation on electrostrain. When sintered at 940°C, a large strain of 0.39% (a nominal piezocoefficient of 571 pm/V) was achieved, which is promising for potential actuator applications co‐firing with Ag electrodes.
Factors associated with improvement in MELD score after antiviral treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Yip Terry Cheuk‐Fung , Lee Hye Won , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Wong Grace Lai‐Hung , Tse Yee‐Kit , Lui Grace Chung‐Yan , Ahn Sang Hoon , Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsImprovement in Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score during antiviral treatment is associated with reduced hepatic decompensation and death in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB)‐related cirrhosis. We aimed to identify factors associated with transplant‐free survival and on‐treatment MELD score improvement.MethodsWe identified patients with CHB‐related cirrhosis and MELD score ≥ 15 at the start of entecavir and/or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment between 2005 and 2017. The primary endpoint was transplant‐free survival at month 6. The secondary endpoints at month 6 were transplant‐free survival with > 5‐point improvement in MELD score and transplant‐free survival with MELD score < 15.ResultsOf 999 cirrhotic CHB patients, 605 (60.6%) achieved transplant‐free survival at month 6. Proportion of transplant‐free survival at month 6 stabilized at 10% in patients with high MELD. Patients who achieved transplant‐free survival at month 6 were younger, had lower MELD score, lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and higher albumin at baseline. Of 605 patients with transplant‐free survival, 276 (45.6%) achieved > 5‐point improvement in MELD score; 183 (30.2%) had 1‐point to 5‐point improvement in MELD score; 146 (24.1%) had no improvement or a worsened MELD score. Also, 321 (53.1%) patients with transplant‐free survival had a MELD score < 15 at month 6.ConclusionOn top of lower MELD score, patients with CHB‐related cirrhosis who are younger, have higher albumin, and lower ALT are more likely to achieve transplant‐free survival after 6 months of antiviral treatment.
Endogenous oxytocin inhibits hypothalamic corticotrophin‐releasing hormone neurones following acute hypernatraemia
Authors: Pati Dipanwita , Harden Scott W. , Sheng Wanhui , Kelly Kyle B. , de Kloet Annette D. , Krause Eric G. , Frazier Charles J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSignificant prior evidence indicates that centrally acting oxytocin robustly modulates stress responsiveness and anxiety‐like behaviour, although the neural mechanisms behind these effects are not entirely understood. A plausible neural basis for oxytocin‐mediated stress reduction is via inhibition of corticotrophin‐releasing hormone (CRH) neurones in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) that regulate activation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis. Previously, we have shown that, following s.c. injection of 2.0 mol L−1 NaCl, oxytocin synthesising neurones are activated in the rat PVN, an oxytocin receptor (Oxtr)‐dependent inhibitory tone develops on a subset of parvocellular neurones and stress‐mediated increases in plasma corticosterone levels are blunted. In the present study, we utilised transgenic male CRH‐reporter mice to selectively target PVN CRH neurones for whole‐cell recordings. These experiments reveal that acute salt loading produces tonic inhibition of PVN CRH neurones through a mechanism that is largely independent of synaptic activity. Further studies reveal that a subset of CRH neurones within the PVN synthesise mRNA for Oxtr(s). Salt induced Oxtr‐dependent inhibitory tone was eliminated in individual PVN CRH neurones filled with GDP‐β‐S. Additional electrophysiological studies suggest that reduced excitability of PVN CRH neurones in salt‐loaded animals is associated with increased activation of inwardly rectifying potassium channels. Nevertheless, substantial effort to recapitulate the core effects of salt loading by activating Oxtr(s) with an exogenous agonist produced mixed results. Collectively, these results enhance our understanding of how oxytocin receptor‐mediated signalling modulates the function of CRH neurones in the PVN.
Meriolin1 induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy and targeting the Akt/MAPKs pathways in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells
Authors: Su Dan , Wang Wenbin , Wu Xinyue , Li Minyue , Yan Xuelong , Hua Zhonghong , Liu Jiahui , Zhu Zhiyu , Hu Kun , Ren Jie 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Meriolins, a kind of chemical hybrid between meridianins and variolins, have lately been determined as kinase inhibitors and reportedly have antitumour activity. However, there is currently no in-depth study for the action mechanism. This study aimed to elucidate the potentially antitumour action mechanism of Meriolin1 on human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells.

Methods
Firstly, cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Secondly, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, cell autophagy, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were measured by flow cytometry. Then, cell cycle-associated proteins, Bcl-2 family proteins, Akt/MAPK proteins and autophagy-associated proteins expressions were evaluated by Western blot. Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA expressions were also evaluated by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, cell adhesion assay and Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining were carried out to detect the effect of Meriolin1 on cell adhesion and morphology. Finally, to gain further insight into mechanism of action of Meriolin1 to CDK protein, the molecular docking study was performed by using the CDOCKER module of DS software.

Key findings
Meriolin1 could exert the antitumour activity on SH-SY5Y cells by inducing cell cycle arrest, cell autophagy, the mitochondrion-dependent cell apoptosis and targeting the Akt/MAPKs signalling pathway.

Conclusions
Meriolin1 might be a promising therapeutic candidate for neuroblastoma.
Microbial community structure reveals instability of nutritional symbiosis during the evolutionary radiation of Amblyomma ticks
Authors: Binetruy Florian , Buysse Marie , Lejarre Quentin , Barosi Roxanne , Villa Manon , Rahola Nil , Paupy Christophe , Ayala Diego , Duron Olivier 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMutualistic interactions with microbes have facilitated the adaptation of major eukaryotic lineages to restricted diet niches. Hence, ticks with their strictly blood‐feeding lifestyle are associated with intracellular bacterial symbionts through an essential B vitamin supplementation. In this study, examination of bacterial diversity in 25 tick species of the genus Amblyomma showed that three intracellular bacteria, Coxiella‐like endosymbionts (LE), Francisella‐LE and Rickettsia, are remarkably common. No other bacterium is as uniformly present in Amblyomma ticks. Almost all Amblyomma species were found to harbour a nutritive obligate symbiont, Coxiella‐LE or Francisella‐LE, that is able to synthesize B vitamins. However, despite the co‐evolved and obligate nature of these mutualistic interactions, the structure of microbiomes does not mirror the Amblyomma phylogeny, with a clear exclusion pattern between Coxiella‐LE and Francisella‐LE across tick species. Coxiella‐LE, but not Francisella‐LE, form evolutionarily stable associations with ticks, commonly leading to co‐cladogenesis. We further found evidence for symbiont replacements during the radiation of Amblyomma, with recent, and probably ongoing, invasions by Francisella‐LE and subsequent replacements of ancestral Coxiella‐LE through transient co‐infections. Nutritional symbiosis in Amblyomma ticks is thus not a stable evolutionary state, but instead arises from conflicting origins between unrelated but competing symbionts with similar metabolic capabilities.
Cognitive appraisals and team performance under stress: A simulation study
Authors: Carenzo Luca , Braithwaite Elizabeth C. , Carfagna Fabio , Franc Jeffrey , Ingrassia Pier Luigi , Turner Martin J. , Slater Matthew J. , Jones Marc V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe present study explored how challenge and threat responses to stress relate to performance, anxiety, confidence, team identity and team characteristics (time spent in training and postgraduate experience) in a medical simulation‐based team competition.MethodsThe study was conducted during a national simulation‐based training event for residents, the SIMCUP Italia 2018. The SIMCUP is a simulation competition in which teams of four compete in simulated medical emergency scenarios. Cross‐sectional data were collected prior to the 3 days of the competition. Subjects included 95 participants on 24 teams. Before the competition on each day, participants completed brief self‐report measures that assessed demands and resources (which underpin challenge and threat responses to stress), cognitive and somatic anxiety, self‐confidence and team identification. Participants also reported time (hours) spent practising as a team and years of postgraduate experience. A team of referees judged each scenario for performance and assigned a score. A linear mixed model using demands and resources was built to model performance.ResultsThe data showed that both demands and resources have positive effects on performance (31 [11‐50.3] [P < .01] and 54 [25‐83.3] [P < .01] percentage points increase for unitary increases in demands and resources, respectively); however, this is balanced by a negative interaction between the two (demands * resources interaction coefficient = −10 [−16 to −4.2]). A high level of resources is associated with better performance until demands become very high. Cognitive and somatic anxieties were found to be correlated with demands (Pearson'sr = .51 [P < .01] and Pearson'sr = .48 [P < .01], respectively). Time spent training was associated with greater perceptions of resources (Pearson'sr = .36 [P < .01]).ConclusionsWe describe a model of challenge and threat that allows for the estimation of performance according to perceived demands and resources, and the interaction between the two. Higher levels of resources and lower demands were associated with better performance.
Managing resource transposition in the face of extreme events: Fieldwork at two public networks in Germany and the US
Authors: Berthod Olivier , Grothe‐Hammer Michael , Hagen Ryan , Sydow Jörg 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAs administrations increasingly rely on interorganizational networks to organize public service provision, this article inspects the role resourcing plays in the way managers working in networks cope in the face of extreme events. Using comparative analyses of fieldwork in the context of two emergency service networks in two major cities in Germany and the US, we introduce the concept of resource transposition. This concept holds the potential to explain why and how networks might perform well in situations that drain its central participants' resources. We highlight the relevance of four practices: resource (re)production; resource administration through integration; resource administration through centralization; resource support. We derive a set of propositions underlining the usefulness of the concept of resource transposition.
Rice Big Grain 1 promotes cell division to enhance organ development, stress tolerance and grain yield
Authors: Lo Shuen‐Fang , Cheng Ming‐Lung , Hsing Yue‐ie Caroline , Chen Yi‐Shih , Lee Kuo‐Wei , Hong Ya‐Fang , Hsiao Yu , Hsiao An‐Shan , Chen Pei‐Jing , Wong Lai‐In , Chen Nan‐Chen , Reuzeau Christophe , Ho Tuan‐Hua David , Yu Su‐May 
Published: February 2020

SummaryGrain/seed yield and plant stress tolerance are two major traits that determine the yield potential of many crops. In cereals, grain size is one of the key factors affecting grain yield. Here, we identify and characterize a newly discovered gene Rice Big Grain 1 (RBG1) that regulates grain and organ development, as well as abiotic stress tolerance. Ectopic expression of RBG1 leads to significant increases in the size of not only grains but also other major organs such as roots, shoots and panicles. Increased grain size is primarily due to elevated cell numbers rather than cell enlargement. RBG1 is preferentially expressed in meristematic and proliferating tissues. Ectopic expression of RBG1 promotes cell division, and RBG1 co‐localizes with microtubules known to be involved in cell division, which may account for the increase in organ size. Ectopic expression of RBG1 also increases auxin accumulation and sensitivity, which facilitates root development, particularly crown roots. Moreover, overexpression of RBG1 up‐regulated a large number of heat‐shock proteins, leading to enhanced tolerance to heat, osmotic and salt stresses, as well as rapid recovery from water‐deficit stress. Ectopic expression of RBG1 regulated by a specific constitutive promoter, GOS2, enhanced harvest index and grain yield in rice. Taken together, we have discovered that RBG1 regulates two distinct and important traits in rice, namely grain yield and stress tolerance, via its effects on cell division, auxin and stress protein induction.
Tobacco smoke exposure as a risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea in children
Authors: Włodarska Anna , Doboszyńska Anna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe most common respiratory disturbance in sleeping children is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Passive smoking is one of factors predisposing to OSAS. The aim of this study was to determine the correlations between exposure to tobacco smoke (passive smoking) and development of respiratory disorders in children during sleep.MethodsOne hundred and sixty school‐aged children (6–18 years) were included in the study. The inclusion criterion was exposure to tobacco smoke at home (n = 90). The control group were school‐aged children who had had no contact with tobacco smoke at home (n = 70). Exclusion criteria were obesity and children with impaired patency of the nose. Each child had a polygraphic examination performed at home. The children and their parents completed a questionnaire to assess the level of child's exposure to tobacco smoke. The study ran from December 15, 2012 to February 26, 2016.ResultsOSAS was observed in 12% of children with an apnea‐hypopnea index >1.5 (<13 years of age) and an apnea‐hypopnea index >5 (for children >13 years), and with diurnal and nocturnal symptoms. Children exposed to tobacco smoke presented more apnea‐hypopnea events (n = 17) than the control group (n = 3; P < 0.001). In the group exposed to tobacco smoke the following issues were noted: concentration problems (38.9%), tiredness/lethargy (46.7%), and irritability/hyperactivity (36.7%). No statistically significant differences were found in waking up, snoring, or sleep apnea.ConclusionsOSAS occurs more often in children exposed to tobacco smoke and these children demonstrate concentration problems, tiredness, and irritability/hyperactivity to a greater extent than control group.
Effects of a practical training programme on burnout among professional caregivers in a care home for older adults with dementia: a pilot study
Authors: Briones‐Peralta María Á. , Pardo‐García Isabel , Escribano‐Sotos Francisco 
Published: February 2020

AimAs the number of persons with dementia has increased so has the need for both specialized care and long‐term care centres. Professional caregivers working in these centres encounter specific problems, including stress, burnout, and feelings of dissatisfaction, each which can affect the quality of care. Due to the nature of their work, they are more likely to experience stress, which may lead to burnout syndrome. Therefore, the aim of this work was to assess the results of a practical training programme with regard to burnout among direct care professionals in a nursing home for people with dementia.MethodsA practical training programme was conducted for caregivers at the Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Nursing Home in Cuenca, Spain. The programme used a dynamic, interactive methodology to provide training related to concepts and strategies for dementia care. Weekly 2‐h sessions were held over 9 months, from April 2016 to January 2017, with the post‐test administered in February. Pretest and post‐test measures were taken for a sample of 36 caregivers. An anova was used to analyze the differences in means before and after training. An ancova was also performed to determine the effects of the intervention.ResultsThe results revealed a significant difference between pre‐ and post‐intervention emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores. Personal accomplishment scores improved, but the changes were not significant.ConclusionA practical training programme for direct care professionals working with dementia patients can decrease burnout levels.
Masonry in Argentina: Studies and perspectives
Authors: Annecchini Mariana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe study of Masonry is complex. In this sense, a rigorous critical selection of studies on the history about the topic has to be done. In this article, we tackle some historiographical perspectives around the research of Masonry in Argentina and, mainly, in national Southern regions of the country. We centre our focus in those theoretical axes which tackle the issue from a critical and academic perspective which, rather than concentrating on mystical or ritualistic components, intend to recover other elements of the study of Masonry, for instance, its historical and socio‐political aspects.