bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral histone deacetylase 1 and 2 activity and enrichment at unique genes following induction of long‐term potentiation in vivo
Authors: Kyrke‐Smith Madeleine , Logan Barbara , Abraham Wickliffe C. , Williams Joanna M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLong‐term potentiation (LTP) is a synaptic plasticity mechanism critical to long‐term memory. LTP induced in vivo is characterized by altered transcriptional activity, including a period of upregulation of gene expression which is followed by a later dominant downregulation. This temporal shift to downregulated gene expression is predicted to be partly mediated by epigenetic inhibitors of gene expression, such as histone deacetylases (HDACs). Further, pharmacological inhibitors of HDAC activity have previously been shown to enhance LTP persistence in vitro. To explore the contribution of HDACs to the persistence of LTP in vivo, we examined HDAC1 and HDAC2 activity over a 24 hr period following unilateral LTP induction in the dentate gyrus of freely moving rats. Surprisingly, we found significant changes in HDAC1 and HDAC2 activity in both the stimulated as well as the unstimulated hemispheres, with the largest increase in activity occurring bilaterally, 20 min after LTP stimulation. During this time point of heightened activity, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that both HDAC1 and HDAC2 were enriched at distinct sets of genes within each hemispheres. Further, the HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A enhanced an intermediate phase of LTP lasting days, which has not previously been associated with altered transcription. The inhibitor had no effect on the persistence of LTP lasting weeks. Together, these data suggest that HDAC activity early after the induction of LTP may negatively regulate plasticity‐related gene expression that is involved in the initial stabilization of LTP, but not its long‐term maintenance.
Consumers' perception of nutritional facts table and nutritional traffic light in food products' labelling: A qualitative study
Authors: Roudsari Arezoo Haghighian , Abdollah Pouri Hosseini Seyedeh Fatemeh , Bonab Ali Milani , Zahedi‐rad Maliheh , Nasrabadi Fatemeh Mohammadi , Zargaraan Azizollaah 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveTraffic light labelling (TLL) policy has been adopted to improve consumers' food choices. This qualitative study examined the consumers' perception of TLL and nutritional facts table (NFT) in Iran.DesignWe applied a qualitative method to explore public views and perceptions of NFT and TLL in Iran. Participants ageing 20–75 years old were selected by maximum diversity sampling and interviewed using a semi‐structured in‐depth interview. The interviews were continued until data saturation was achieved after interviewing 35 participants with five more interviews to ensure no new emerging perception. Data was analysed by directed content analysis in MAXQDA 10 software.FindingsFindings indicated that a large number of the participants were not aware of NFT and TLL. There are some reasons for not paying attention to NFT and TLL, which include lack of enough knowledge about NFT and TLL concepts and defects in appearance and details written in these labels, lack of appropriate education about labels, place of putting the labels and lack of enough time for using the labels during shopping.ConclusionsIt is concluded that educational interventions should be applied to ensure their effectiveness in improving healthy food choices.
Statistical analysis on three‐dimensional MHD convective Carreau nanofluid flow due to bilateral nonlinear stretching sheet with heat source and zero mass flux condition
Authors: Sabu Alappat Sunny , Areekara Sujesh , Mathew Alphonsa 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study focuses on analyzing the response of a magnetohydrodynamic convective Carreau nanofluid flow over a bilateral nonlinear stretching sheet in the presence of a heat source and zero mass flux condition. The problem has been solved numerically using the MATLAB built‐in function bvp5c. The findings of velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles based on the various parameters are illustrated using graphs. The impact of various parameters on the heat transfer rate is scrutinized using statistical techniques, like, correlation coefficient, probable error, and regression. The effect of various parameters on skin friction coefficients is studied via tables and slope of linear regression. It is observed that the statistical results coincide with the numerical results. It is also noticed that the stretching ratio parameter increases the Y‐directional velocity profile. Accuracy of the numerical procedure has been validated through a restrictive comparison of the present work with previous published results and is found to be in good agreement.
Higher maternal reflective functioning is associated with toddlers’ adaptive emotion regulation
Authors: Borelli Jessica L. , Lai Jocelyn , Smiley Patricia A. , Kerr Margaret L. , Buttitta Katherine , Hecht Hannah K. , Rasmussen Hannah F. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTParental reflective functioning (RF), the ability to consider the child's behavior as a function of mental states (cognitions, emotions), is theorized to promote emotion regulation in children via its positive impact on parenting sensitivity. Using a sample of mothers and toddlers (N = 151 dyads; 41% Latinx; 54% girls; MAge = 21 months; SDAge = 2.5 months), we measured mothers’ self‐reported RF (high RF = low certainty/high interest–curiosity/low prementalizing), toddlers’ distress during a standardized challenging behavioral task (toy removal), and three methods of children's coping with distress. Then, we tested whether RF moderated the association between children's observed distress and coping during the task (mother‐directed adaptive coping, task‐directed adaptive coping, maladaptive aggression) as an index of emotion regulation. Although RF was not associated with toddlers’ distress, indices of RF moderated the associations between distress and coping. As maternal RF increased, the positive association between toddler distress and mother‐oriented behavior increased, whereas the association between toddler distress and child aggression decreased. Findings were present only for certainty of mental states, whereas no effects were present for prementalizing or interest/curiosity. We discuss these findings in terms of their contributions to theory regarding parent–child relationships, maternal RF, and child emotion regulation.
Safety of Oral Bisphosphonates in Moderate-to-Severe Chronic Kidney Disease: A Binational Cohort Analysis
Authors: Robinson Danielle E , Ali M Sanni , Pallares Natalia , Tebé Cristian , Elhussein Leena , Abrahamsen Bo , Arden Nigel K , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Caskey Fergus J , Cooper Cyrus , Dedman Daniel , Delmestri Antonella , Judge Andrew , Pérez-Sáez María José , Pascual Julio , Nogues Xavier , Diez-Perez Adolfo , Strauss Victoria Y , Javaid M Kassim , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Bisphosphonates are the first-line treatment for preventing fractures in osteoporosis patients. However, their use is contraindicated or to be used with caution in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, primarily because of a lack of information about their safety and effectiveness. We aimed to investigate the safety of oral bisphosphonates in patients with moderate to severe CKD, using primary-care electronic records from two cohorts, CPRD GOLD (1997–2016) and SIDIAP (2007–2015) in the UK and Catalonia, respectively. Both databases were linked to hospital records. SIDIAP was also linked to end-stage renal disease registry data. Patients with CKD stages 3b to 5, based on two or more estimated glomerular filtration rate measurements less than 45 mL/min/1.73 m2, aged 40 years or older were identified. New bisphosphonate users were propensity score–matched with up to five non-users to minimize confounding within this population. Our primary outcome was CKD stage worsening (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] decline or renal replacement therapy). Secondary outcomes were acute kidney injury, gastrointestinal bleeding/ulcers, and severe hypocalcemia. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox regression and Fine and Gray sub-HRs were calculated for competing risks. We matched 2447 bisphosphonate users with 8931 non-users from CPRD and 1399 users with 6547 non-users from SIDIAP. Bisphosphonate use was associated with greater risk of CKD progression in CPRD (sub-HR [95% CI]: 1.14 [1.04, 1.26]) and SIDIAP (sub-HR: 1.15 [1.04, 1.27]). No risk differences were found for acute kidney injury, gastrointestinal bleeding/ulcers, or hypocalcemia. Hence, we can conclude a modest (15%) increased risk of CKD progression was identified in association with bisphosphonate use. No other safety concerns were identified. Our findings should be considered before prescribing bisphosphonates to patients with moderate to severe CKD. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published byWiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Phylogenetic significance of clasper morphology of electric rays (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea: Torpediniformes)
Authors: Moreira Renan A. , de Carvalho Marcelo R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTorpediniformes (electric rays) is a monophyletic group strongly supported by morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies. The claspers of electric rays, however, are poorly documented in comparation to the clasper of other batoids, especially skates, and the knowledge of their anatomical variation is restricted to the description of a few species. The present article analyzes the external and skeletal clasper anatomy of electric rays and reports newly discovered characters that can be useful for taxonomic diagnoses and higher‐level systematic studies. The family Torpedinidae exclusively presents the integumental flap, a poorly calcified clasper skeleton, and a dorsal marginal cartilage with a medial flange on its distal portion. Derived or diagnostic characters were not found in the clasper of the reportedly nonmonophyletic families Narcinidae and Narkidae; however, the claspers of species and genera of narcinids and narkids present different anatomical patterns that can be useful for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.
Enteral Nutrition Safety With Advanced Treatments: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Prone Positioning, and Infusion of Neuromuscular Blockers
Authors: Al‐Dorzi Hasan M. , Arabi Yaseen M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis review aims at assessing the safety and efficacy of enteral nutrition in critically ill patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, prone positioning, and infusion of neuromuscular blockers. Existing data from randomized controlled trials demonstrate the survival benefit of early enteral nutrition in critically ill patients. Observational data have demonstrated that enteral nutrition in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, prone positioning, and infusion of neuromuscular blockers is generally safe. However, these patients are at increased risk for gastrointestinal complications from enteral nutrition because of critical illness–induced gastrointestinal dysfunction; associated shock; the concomitant use of vasopressor agents, sedatives, and narcotics; possibly mesenteric circulatory compromise; and regurgitation associated with prone positioning. Therefore, early enteral nutrition is generally recommended in these patients in the absence of severe gastrointestinal dysfunction or shock. To reduce the complications, early nutrition should be advanced gradually (trophic feeding or permissive underfeeding), the bed should be tilted to a maximum of 30°, and concentrated nutritional formulae and the use of prokinetics may be considered to treat enteral feeding intolerance. Physicians should be vigilant about monitoring for early signs of acute mesenteric ischemia, which should lead to holding enteral feeding. Parenteral nutrition may be utilized in patients who cannot receive enteral nutrition or are unable to reach their nutrition goals by the end of the first week.
Development of copper—iron bimetallic nanoparticle impregnated activated carbon derived from coconut husk and its efficacy as a novel adsorbent toward the removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution
Authors: Rahaman Mehabub , Das Arit , Bose Saswata 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe present work demonstrates the preparation of biodegradable coconut husk derived activated carbon (CAC) impregnated with bimetallic nanoparticles consisting of zerovalent iron and copper to produce a new adsorbent (Fe0/Cu‐CAC). The new adsorbent was further employed to determine the removal efficiency of Chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions. Chromium (VI) adsorption process by Fe0/Cu‐CAC was found to be favorable at pH ~ 3, attaining 95.28% removal efficiency while its counterpart CAC attained only ~41%. Negative ΔG0 value suggests that the process was thermodynamically spontaneous and ΔH0 was observed to be 8.496 kJ/mol, further corroborating the endothermic nature of the process. Pseudo‐second order model was best suited to explain the kinetics of the process with R2 value of 0.99683 and an error of 6.73%. Equilibrium parameter (RL) derived from Langmuir isotherm was calculated to be 0.1103, indicating favorable adsorption and thus Langmuir isotherm can be used to describe the process of adsorption of Cr (VI) by Fe0/Cu‐CAC. Finally, a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 173.9 mg/g indicated the suitability of the prepared adsorbent in treating chromium contaminated wastewater streams.Practitioner points

Facile development of novel adsorbent from biodegradable coconut husk via cost effective route.
Utilization of the adsorbent towards removal of toxic pollutant like Cr (VI) from its aqueous solution.
Validation of the effective adsorption mechanism by Kinetic and Thermodynamic study.
A Synthetic Approach to Trinuclear Cluster with [Co3(μ3‐O)(μ‐OH)] Core: A Comparative Study on Cluster having [Co3(μ3‐O)(μ‐OH)] and [Co4(μ3‐O)4] Core
Authors: Bharali Sourav J. , Das Birinchi K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA synthetic approach to synthesize the cationic trinuclear cluster with [Co3(μ3‐O)(μ‐OH)] core has been reported. A comparative study with the closely relevant polynuclear cluster containing [Co4(μ3‐O)4] active core has also been carried out along with a plausible pathway for these two clusters. The minor spectroscopic and electrochemical changes observed for the cores are quite significant to distinguish them. The rigidity of the core can be well characterized by the solvent interaction. The involvement of the hydroxo group in the electrochemical process may help these clusters to be used for catalytic processes, although these [Co3(μ3‐O)(μ‐OH)] cationic clusters are thermally less stable than [Co4(μ3‐O)4] cuboidal clusters.
Three Notions of the Global
Authors: Rider Sharon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhy do universities go to so much effort to become “international”? Is it to create cosmopolitan global citizens, or to propel themselves up league tables? Is it to promote liberal democratic ideals, or to better recruit international students? There are actually different ways of understanding what is meant by “global thinking”. Currently, the predominant thinking is centred around economic development. But the political ideal of “internationalism” and the philosophical concept of the universal as an intellectual virtue are also alternatives. In this paper, I discuss the sometimes uneasy relationship between these three types of “global thinking”, while at the same time pointing out a common denominator - the connection between the global and the local.
Labellum and gynostemium micromorphology in Polystachya (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Joanna Mytnik , Kevin Davies L. , Magdalena Narajczyk , Dorota Łuszczek , Joanna Kubiak , Dariusz Szlachetko L. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPolystachyais a large, pantropical orchid genus of 200 species, most of which occur as epiphytes in sub-saharan Africa. The three-lobed labellum of mostPolystachyaspecies possesses a fleshy callus and various types of trichomes and papillae. In this paper, we present the results of micromorphological studies on the labellum of 20 species, representing eight of the 13 sections in the genus, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our results show the scale of infrageneric diversity of trichomes and papillae relative to the sampled sections. They also demonstrate the taxonomic value of labellar micromorphology at the sectional level. The study revealed seven types of papillae and five types of trichomes (uni- and multi-cellular) inPolystachya, some of which, are described here for the first time. Clavate trichomes are the most common and are present in 60% of the species studied. Moniliform trichomes mainly occur in sect.Polystachyaand are strongly characteristic of the section. Pseudopollen is formed by fragmentation of moniliform trichomes or the detachment of other trichomes as bicellular units. We provide, for the first time, evidence for the detachment of the terminal cells of capitate trichomes.
Multi-utility representations of incomplete preferences induced by set-valued risk measures
Authors: Munari Cosimo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe establish a variety of numerical representations of preference relations induced by set-valued risk measures. Because of the general incompleteness of such preferences, we have to deal with multi-utility representations. We look for representations that are both parsimonious (the family of representing functionals is indexed by a tractable set of parameters) and well behaved (the representing functionals satisfy nice regularity properties with respect to the structure of the underlying space of alternatives). The key to our results is a general dual representation of set-valued risk measures that unifies the existing dual representations in the literature and highlights their link with duality results for scalar risk measures.
Nonlinear expectations of random sets
Authors: Molchanov Ilya , Mühlemann Anja 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSublinear functionals of random variables are known as sublinear expectations; they are convex homogeneous functionals on infinite-dimensional linear spaces. We extend this concept for set-valued functionals defined on measurable set-valued functions (which form a nonlinear space) or, equivalently, on random closed sets. This calls for a separate study of sublinear and superlinear expectations, since a change of sign does not alter the direction of the inclusion in the set-valued setting.We identify the extremal expectations as those arising from the primal and dual representations of nonlinear expectations. Several general construction methods for nonlinear expectations are presented and the corresponding duality representation results are obtained. On the application side, sublinear expectations are naturally related to depth trimming of multivariate samples, while superlinear ones can be used to assess utilities of multiasset portfolios.
Elicitability and identifiability of set-valued measures of systemic risk
Authors: Fissler Tobias , Hlavinová Jana , Rudloff Birgit 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIdentification and scoring functions are statistical tools to assess the calibration of risk measure estimates and to compare their performance with other estimates, e.g. in backtesting. A risk measure is called identifiable (elicitable) if it admits a strict identification function (strictly consistent scoring function). We consider measures of systemic risk introduced in Feinstein et al. (SIAM J. Financial Math. 8:672–708, 2017). Since these are set-valued, we work within the theoretical framework of Fissler et al. (preprint, available online atarXiv:1910.07912v2, 2020) for forecast evaluation of set-valued functionals. We construct oriented selective identification functions, which induce a mixture representation of (strictly) consistent scoring functions. Their applicability is demonstrated with a comprehensive simulation study.
IQ and Internalising Symptoms in Adolescents with ASD
Authors: Edirisooriya Monisha , Dykiert Dominika , Auyeung Bonnie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntelligence quotient (IQ), has been found to relate to the presence of internalising symptoms in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This meta-analysis sought to clarify the direction of the relationship between IQ and two prevalent internalising symptoms, anxiety and depression, in adolescents with ASD. Secondly, this study aimed to highlight methodological factors contributing to inconsistent findings in existing research. Self-reported anxiety was found to be significantly higher in youth with a lower IQ, while depression was positively associated with IQ. Consequently, parents, schools and clinicians should be cautious of underestimating anxiety in youth with a lower IQ. However, care should also be taken to ensure adolescents with ASD without intellectual disabilities are not overlooked with regards to social and emotional support.
Community influence as an explanatory factor why Roma children get little schooling
Authors: Stark Oded , Berlinschi Ruxanda 
Published: December 2020

AbstractParents who experience poverty and who want to provide their children with an escape route can be expected to encourage and support their progeny’s education. The evidence that Roma parents behave differently is unsettling. In this paper we test empirically an explanation for that behavior. The explanation is based on a theory (Stark et al. 2018) that can be “borrowed” to rationalize the enforcement of norms of little formal education in underprivileged communities. An analysis of survey data collected in Roma communities in four Central and Eastern European countries lends support to the explanation. The analysis reveals a strong negative correlation between the influence of the Roma community on an individual member’s life and the importance accorded by the individual to formal schooling for children. The correlation is robust to controlling for standard determinants of attitudes towards schooling, such as poverty, unemployment, labor market discrimination, and parents’ educational attainment. The analysis suggests that policy interventions aiming to increase the formal education of Roma children need to reckon with the influence of Roma community norms on individual choices.
Schulsozialarbeit in der „neuen Normalität“
Authors: Hettler Ingo S. 
Published: December 2020

ZusammenfassungDer mit der Covid-19 Pandemie verbundene Lockdown hat nahezu alle Bereiche des gesellschaftlichen Lebens vor große Herausforderungen gestellt. In Zeiten, in denen Schulen über Wochen hinweg geschlossen blieben, stellt sich in verschiedenen fachlichen und politischen Kontexten die Frage nach der Rolle der Schulsozialarbeit während des Lockdowns und in der „neuen Normalität“. Mit diesem Beitrag sollen verschiedene fachliche Überlegungen dazu angestellt werden, wie die Erfahrungen der Krise als Chance für eine stärkere Profilierung der Schulsozialarbeit genutzt werden können und sollten, und weshalb haushalterische Legitimationsdebatten an der Lebenswirklichkeit junger Menschen vorbeigehen.