bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein–carbohydrate regulation and nutritionally mediated responses to Bt are affected by caterpillar population history
Authors: Tessnow Ashley E , Behmer Spencer T , Sword Gregory A 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe widespread adoption of genetically modified crops, includingBacillius thuringensis(Bt) crops that target chewing insects, has transformed agricultural pest management. This increased use of Bt has raised concerns about the onset of resistance amongst target pests. Recent studies have shown that for some caterpillars, nutritional foraging (e.g. the ratio of proteins and carbohydrates consumed) can affect the insect susceptibility to the Bt toxin Cry1Ac. However, studies on both nutritional foraging and Bt susceptibility tend to rely on laboratory colonies without specifically addressing physiological differences that may occur between populations of the same species. Here, we used choice assays, no choice assays and dose response assays to address two overarching questions: Do populations ofSpodoptera frugiperda(J.E. Smith) vary in their protein–carbohydrate foraging behavior? and Does protein–carbohydrate intake impactS. frugiperda's susceptibility to the Bt toxin Cry1F?RESULTSAll three of ourS. frugiperdapopulations actively regulated their protein–carbohydrate intake, but we observed significant differences between populations with respect to their self‐selected protein–carbohydrate intake. We also found that feeding at the protein–carbohydrate intake target slightly increased Cry1F susceptibility for oneS. frugiperdapopulation, but had no effect on the other two populations.CONCLUSIONSOur findings indicate that inherent differences exist in the nutritional physiology of threeS. frugiperdapopulations, possibly related to the time spent in culture. This suggests that population‐level differences are an important consideration when drawing parallels between field‐collected and laboratory‐reared insects.
Introducing TC intensity into the DSAEF_LTP model and simulating precipitation of super‐typhoon Lekima (2019)
Authors: Jia Li , Jia Zuo , Ren Fumin , Ding Chenchen , Wang Mingyang , Feng Tian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, the Dynamical‐Statistical‐Analog Ensemble Forecast model for landfall typhoon precipitation (the DSAEF_LTP model), which has been developed by Ren et al., in 2020, is applied to precipitation simulations for super‐typhoon Lekima (2019), a tropical cyclone (TC) that produced heavy rainfall over eastern China. A new variable, TC intensity, is introduced into the generalized initial value (GIV) of the DSAEF_LTP model. Two different groups of simulation experiments, one group including the new TC intensity variable in the GIV and the other group excluding it, have been conducted. Results show that, with TC intensity, the ability of the DSAEF_LTP model to forecast heavy rainfall (i.e. accumulated precipitation exceeding thresholds of 250 and 100 mm) for Lekima is improved. Its threat score (TS) ranks the second compared with that of three numerical weather prediction models (i.e. ECMWF, GRAPES and GFS). Further study shows that three factors prevent the DSAEF_LTP model from achieving more satisfactory results for Lekima: the historically rare occurrence of extreme precipitation in northern China during Lekima, the increase of forecast track error when Lekima moved northwards, and the calculation of similarity between tracks of Lekima and historical TCs within an improper region (i.e. similarity region). To solve the third problem, new similarity region schemes are adopted that produce higher TS, in which case TS of precipitation greater than 100 mm (TS100) ranks first and TS of precipitation greater than 250 mm (TS250) gets closer to the first place.
Statistical inference and Bayesian optimal life‐testing plans under Type‐II unified hybrid censoring scheme
Authors: Sen Tanmay , Bhattacharya Ritwik , Pradhan Biswabrata , Tripathi Yogesh Mani 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article describes the inferential procedures and Bayesian optimal life‐testing issues under Type‐II unified hybrid censoring scheme. First, the explicit expressions of expected number of failures, expected duration of testing, and Fisher information matrix for the unknown parameters of the underlying lifetime model are derived. Then, using these quantities, the Bayesian optimal life‐testing plans are computed in a subsequent section. A cost constraint D‐optimal optimization problem has been formulated, and the corresponding solution algorithm is provided to obtain optimal plans. Computational procedures are illustrated through numerical examples.
Quality of experience‐based optimization of satellite Internet‐at‐sea using WAN accelerators
Authors: Arfeen Asad , Uddin Riaz 
Published: July 2020

SummaryTo support on‐board satellite Internet connectivity at sea, the shipping vessels rely on various types of WAN accelerator devices. These devices provide bandwidth optimization over high‐latency and low‐bandwidth links by real‐time data compression and transport layer protocol‐specific optimizations. These types of devices are often licensed based on the number of concurrent transport layer flows that can be optimized, which requires dimensioning the equipment before deployment. If the number of transport layer flows increases beyond the device's specifications, then such flows will simply be passed through without any optimization. The limitation to scaling would be further aggravated by emerging user applications that are not only bandwidth hungry but also initiate more transport layer flows. The purpose of this article is to study how optimizations can be carried out at client side so as to improve user quality of experience of Internet‐at‐sea without further investing in expensive WAN accelerator devices and changing operational network. In this article, we present a statistical analysis of various web browsers' traffic and suggest techniques to reduce the number of transport layer flows originating from client side. Furthermore, besides an extensive analysis on satellite Internet traffic optimization, technical suggestions are also presented to achieve better quality of experience for the users of Internet‐at‐sea. In addition, the prospective impacts of new services like DNS‐over‐https, Quick UDP over Internet Connection (QUIC), and http/2 on WAN acceleration has also been discussed.
A Practical Electrochemical Sensor for Atenolol Detection Based on a Graphene Oxide Composite Film Doped with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Ayan Ebru Mavioğlu , Karabiberoğlu Şükriye Ulubay , Dursun Zekerya 
Published: July 2020

AbstractZinc oxide nanoparticles doped graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrodes (Zn‐GO/GCE) were fabricated for easy, cheap and practical detection of atenolol (ATE). The morphological and chemical characterizations of modified electrodes were carried out with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron diffraction spectroscopy (EDS) and X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The amounts of the electrode modifiers and the differential pulse voltammetric parameters were optimized due to exhibited the best analytical response towards the determination of ATE. As a result, the calibration curves of ATE were obtained at Zn‐GO/GCE using DPV technique with two different linear parts: 7.8 ‐ 84 μmol L−1 and 167 μmol L−1 ‐ 639 μmol L−1. The detection limit (LOD) was also calculated as 2.50 μmol L−1. The fabricated electrode in this study is selective for ATE in the presence of some electroactive molecules. The practical, easy and cheap modified electrode was applied for the detection of ATE in atenolol medicine tablets with good recovery.
Real‐time monitoring of carbon dioxide emissions from a shallow carbon dioxide release experiment
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Jun , Han Seung Hyun , Kim Seongjun , Ko Daegeun , Yun Seong‐Taek , Son Yowhan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study was conducted to analyze CO2 migration from a shallow CO2 release experiment using a continuous soil CO2 flux measurement system. Approximately 1.8 t CO2 was injected from 1 to 30 June 2016 through the point sources with perforated release wells laid at 2.5‐m soil depth. Using LI‐8100A instruments, CO2 concentration, CO2 flux, soil temperature, soil moisture, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure were continuously measured every 30 min at 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 m from the well from 29 May to 4 August 2016. Typically sensors for soil temperature and moisture were installed at 5‐cm depth, and CO2 concentration, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure were measured at the chambers. The CO2 flux was not maximum directly above the release well. Carbon dioxide flux at 6.0 m from the well was similar to the background level. The relationship between CO2 flux and environmental factors, described using a temporal correlation analysis, indicated that CO2 flux was primarily driven by soil temperature and had the inverse correlation with relative humidity and atmospheric pressure. Heavy rainfall inhibited in‐soil CO2 migration by filling the soil pore with water. The anomalously high CO2 flux detected at 1.5 m from the well may have been caused by the associated permeability structure, in which a permeability discrepancy leads to the vertical or horizontal flow of in‐soil CO2. These findings from this shallow CO2 release experiment should be considered as basic information to characterize and model the in‐soil CO2 transport related to CO2 leakage.
Nitrogen, irrigation, and alley management effects on nitrate leaching from raspberry
Authors: Kuchta Shawn , Neilsen Denise , Forge Thomas , Zebarth Bernie J. , Nichol Craig 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHigh NO3 concentrations in the Abbotsford‐Sumas aquifer are linked to raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) production. Passive capillary wick samplers were used to quantify the impacts of N, irrigation, and alley managements on drainage and NO3 leaching from raspberry rows and alleys over 4 yr. Conventional management (100 kg N ha−1 surface broadcast on the row as a split application, clean cultivation of alleys, and fixed‐duration drip irrigation) was compared with different mineral fertilizer N rates, N applied as manure, alleys seeded to a perennial forage grass or an autumn‐seeded spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crop, or evapotranspiration (ET)‐scheduled irrigation. The temporal pattern of drainage and NO3 leaching was driven by seasonal precipitation and growing season irrigation. Growing season drainage and NO3 leaching were much lower under ET‐scheduled irrigation compared with fixed irrigation. Nitrate leaching was high (up to 90 kg N ha−1), even with no managed N inputs due to high inherent soil fertility and large quantities of N applied in irrigation water. Nitrate leaching was insensitive to N fertilizer rate. Application of N as poultry manure more than doubled NO3 leaching compared with fertilizer, emphasizing the need to use organic N inputs judiciously. The perennial grass alley cover crop resulted in the greatest overall reduction in NO3 leaching. Our data indicate that no single management strategy is sufficient to protect groundwater quality. Rather, an integrated package of improved practices (i.e., application of a reduced rate of mineral N through fertigation, combined with ET‐scheduled irrigation and perennial alley crop) is necessary to protect groundwater quality.
Anomaly detection and prediction of high‐tension bolts by using strain of tower shell
Authors: Kikuchi Yuka , Ishihara Takeshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this study, an anomaly detection and prediction method for high‐tension bolts is proposed by using the measured strain of tower shell. The finite element models (FEMs) for the high‐tension bolts and tower‐top are built and validated with measurement data. An algorithm of anomaly detection and prediction is then developed by applying Mahalanobis‑Taguchi system. The threshold of abnormal condition for high‐tension bolts is proposed, and the formula for the prediction of remaining axial bolt force is derived by using the strain of tower shell obtained from the FEM model. Finally, onsite measurements are performed at Taikoyama wind farm to investigate the relationship between the strain of tower shell and the remaining axial bolt force. It is found that the proposed threshold based on the FEM model succeeds in detecting abnormal bolt by the Mahalanobis‑Taguchi system, and the proposed formula accurately predicts the remaining axial bolt force.
Representation of Media Policy
Authors: Ogbebor Binakuromo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe coverage of debates about media policy presents a unique situation in which the media has the responsibility of managing debates on their policy. In Western democracies, it is widely accepted that what legitimates the media is its role in the sustenance of democracy. The normative expectation in a democratic society is that during media policy debates, the media should give access to all parties in the debate irrespective of whether the party advances arguments different from the position of that media organisations in the debate. Was that the case in the coverage of the debate that followed the News of the World phone hacking scandal and the Leveson Inquiry? Using empirical data, this chapter provides the answer to this question. The chapter also reveals alternative views in the media policy debate.
The Press Reform Debate
Authors: Ogbebor Binakuromo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAs a consequence of the phone hacking scandal, the UK press became the focus of a heated public debate. Many questions were asked, and several answers offered. The press had behaved badly and needed to be tamed. But how? Who guards the guardian? How can the press regain its trust? What does this spell for democracy? These were some of the questions asked, as politicians, journalists, the police, the judiciary and other citizens deliberated on how to ensure an accountable press: one that can sustain democracy. Thus, the media became an arena to discuss some of the debates on how to reform the press, if at all. This chapter provides background knowledge on key issues in the debate that followed the News of the World phone hacking scandal. The key issues examined include press freedom, the public interest, privacy, press regulation and media ownership
Media Policy, Democracy and Theories of the Press
Authors: Ogbebor Binakuromo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany of the arguments on the debate that arose from theNews of the Worldphone hacking scandal and the Leveson Inquiry were based on normative theories of the press. These arguments were mainly inspired by the idea that the media are entrusted with information power and how this power is used has consequences for democracy. This chapter provides a critical analysis of normative theories on the representation of media policy. The neoliberal variant of the libertarian theory, the notion of social responsibility and theory of social democracy are explored to make clear the reasoning behind key arguments on media policy. The concepts of the public sphere and “Journalism as an interpretive community” are expounded to show that in debates about their profession, the press can function not only as an interpretive community, but also as multiple homogeneous publics and individual unique voices.
Investigating the Press Reform Debate
Authors: Ogbebor Binakuromo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe author uses a combination of content and critical discourse analyses to investigate how the media covered the press reform debate that arose from theNews of the Worldphone hacking scandal and the Leveson Inquiry. A total of 870 news articles on the media reform debate from six British national newspapers were examined. Based on her findings, the author argues that the public needs to play a greater and more pragmatic role in ensuring press accountability. Also, in this chapter, the terms “metacoverage”, “metajournalistic discourse” and “journalistic metadiscourse” are defined and critically analysed to clarify their usage in academic literature. The chapter also explores the use of paradigm repair strategies in the coverage of media policy. Overall, the research was designed to produce empirical data on the representation of media policy.
Paradigm Repair: Bad Apples and Self-Assertion
Authors: Ogbebor Binakuromo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe chapter reveals how the paradigm repair strategies of individualisation and self-assertion were used in the coverage of the media policy debate that arose from the News of the World phone hacking scandal and the Leveson Inquiry. The strategy of individualisation was used to protect the press freedom paradigm as well as maintain the boundaries of the “journalist as a crusader” paradigm which had been badly damaged by the phone hacking scandal and the Leveson Inquiry. The second part, entitled “Self-Assertion: The Journalist as a Crusader”, shows the extent to which journalists affirm their importance in their coverage of media policy debates. It reveals that such self-affirmation is often used to solicit public trust when the media’s reputation is called into question. This chapter also explores the political economy of the Guardian’s coverage of the phone hacking scandal and the Leveson Inquiry.
Journalistic Metadiscourse: Access to the Media’s Public Sphere
Authors: Ogbebor Binakuromo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis chapter examines the use of sources in the coverage of the media policy debate that arose from the News of the World phone hacking scandal and the Leveson Inquiry. Using content analysis, critical discourse analysis and a theoretical framework that consists of the public sphere concept and the gatekeeping theory, this chapter reveals that the coverage of the press reform debate was characterised by a doubly narrow spectrum of sources. It also found that the victims of press abuse were represented as “the stakeholders” (the people to satisfy) rather than a stakeholder of the debate. While acknowledging the importance of the victims to the debate, the study contends that limiting the stakeholder status to those who have been hurt by the press results in a limited range of views and risks shutting down more neutral voices that could have enriched the debate in the public sphere.
Matching scalar leptoquarks to the SMEFT at one loop
Authors: Gherardi Valerio , Marzocca David , Venturini Elena 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this paper we present the complete one-loop matching conditions, up to dimension-six operators of the Standard Model effective field theory, resulting by integrating out the two scalar leptoquarks $$ {S}_1\sim {\left(\mathbf{3},\mathbf{1}\right)}_{\frac{1}{3}} $$

S
1

∼

3
1

1
3

and $$ {S}_3\sim {\left(\mathbf{3},\mathbf{3}\right)}_{\frac{1}{3}} $$

S
3

∼

3
3

1
3

. This allows a phenomenological study of low-energy constraints on this model at one-loop accuracy, which will be the focus of a subsequent work. Furthermore, it provides a rich comparison for functional and computational methods for one-loop matching, that are being developed. As a corollary result, we derive a complete set of dimension-six operators independent under integration by parts, but not under equations of motions, called Green’s basis, as well as the complete reduction formulae from this set to the Warsaw basis.
Global flow structure and exact formal transseries of the Gubser flow in kinetic theory
Authors: Behtash Alireza , Kamata Syo , Martinez Mauricio , Shi Haosheng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this work we introduce the generic conditions for the existence of a non-equilibrium attractor that is an invariant manifold determined by the long-wavelength modes of the physical system. We investigate the topological properties of the global flow structure of the Gubser flow for the Israel-Stewart theory and a kinetic model for the Boltzmann equation by employing Morse-Smale theory. We present a complete classification of the invariant submanifolds of the flow and determine all the possible flow lines connecting any pair of UV/IR fixed points. The formal transseries solutions to the Gubser dynamical system around the early-time (UV) and late-time (IR) fixed points are constructed and analyzed. It is proven that these solutions are purely perturbative (or power-law asymptotic) series with a finite radius of convergence. Based on these analyses, we find that Gubser-like expanding kinetic systems do not hydrodynamize owing to the failure of the hydrodynamization process which heavily relies on the classification of (non)hydrodynamic modes in the IR regime. This is in contrast to longitudinal boost-invariant plasmas where the asymptotic dynamics is described by a few terms of the hydrodynamic gradient expansion. We finally compare our results for both Bjorken and Gubser conformal kinetic models.
$$ T\overline{T} $$ deformation of classical Liouville field theory
Authors: Leoni Matias 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We consider the irrelevant flow of classical Liouville field theory driven by the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

operator. After discussing properties of its exact action and equation of motion we construct an infinite set of conserved currents. We also find its vacuum solutions.
Cosmological signatures of superheavy dark matter
Authors: Li Lingfeng , Lu Shiyun , Wang Yi , Zhou Siyi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We discuss two possible scenarios, namely the curvaton mechanism and the dark matter density modulation, where non-Gaussianity signals of superheavy dark matter produced by gravity can be enhanced and observed. In both scenarios, superheavy dark matter couples to an additional light field as a mediator. In the case of derivative coupling, the resulting non-Gaussianities induced by the light field can be large, which can provide inflationary evidences for these superheavy dark matter scenarios.
Genetic structure of the endemic Papaver occidentale indicates survival and immigration in the Western Prealps
Authors: Pittet Loïc , Fragnière Yann , Grünig Sandra , Bétrisey Sébastien , Clément Benoît , Gerber Emanuel , Ronikier Michał , Kozlowski Gregor , Parisod Christian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractClimatic oscillations of the Quaternary rapidly compelled plant species to shift their geographical range. How alpine plant species responded to climate change, however, remains elusive and remnants of the cold-adapted flora that currently strive in restricted ranges as small, isolated populations have been particularly overlooked. To address the evolutionary history of such a ‘glacial relict’, we here sampled and genotyped all known native populations of a narrow endemic species from the northwestern Alps, Papaver occidentale, as well as closely related taxa with double digest restriction-site Associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing. Spatial patterns of genetic variation across populations coupled with insights from climatic niche modelling through time address underpinings of the long-term persistence of the species in face of climate changes. Evidence from population genetics and ecological modelling indicates that P. occidentale likely persisted through the last glacial maximum outside of the Western Prealps and that a major lineage recolonized the area from lower elevation, external regions. Differentiated lineages at the Northern margins of the species distribution range highlight highly divergent and geographically restricted populations that include considerable share of private markers and may indicate local glacial survival in isolated conditions. Our data thus imply that processes having shaped intraspecific spatial genetic structure within the Alps can be complex and lead to mosaic of populations with a mixed-history of local survival and immigration. A better understanding of spatio-temporal aspects of range contraction–expansion is crucial to shed light on processes underlying the evolution of remnant populations of such endemic species and set conservation priorities considering current climate changes.