bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muslim Women’s Self-Representation in Art
Authors: Soliman Asmaa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article examines German Muslim women’s artistic self-representation arguing that their public engagement can be seen as an example of counterpublics. Two main features can be found. First, the artists feel disappointed by the mainstream public, as it excludes and misrepresents Muslim women. Second, an agitational orientation can be observed, as the artists intend to offer explicitly articulated alternative self-representations targeting the mainstream public. The normality of their female German Muslim identity is conveyed. The very fact that the artists aim to challenge dominant stereotypes about Muslim women reveals the stereotypes’ strong influence on their self-representation. Due to their Muslim and female identity, Muslim women in the West face several exertions of power. The theory of intersectionality shows that their self-representation can be seen as a refusal to serve as an object of the male gaze, as well as the non-Muslim German gaze.
Learning and Patronizing the Science of Music among the Elite of Medieval Baghdad
Authors: Ansari Mohammad Sadegh 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Scholarly writings on music during the medieval period were often composed at the request of private patrons or were otherwise dedicated to members of the Baghdadi elite (e.g., caliphs and other rulers) who were not professional musicians. The existence of such treatises suggests that this Baghdadi elite had an interest in learning and/or patronizing the science of music. In this article, I examine the various functions which learning the science of music fulfilled for the elite of medieval Baghdad (third/ninth-seventh/thirteenth century), and which in turn prompted their interest in the patronage thereof. The two most important of these functions were to enhance the appreciation of performed music and to evince a status marker in a culture that celebrated mastery of the Greek-inspired sciences as a sign of one having socially arrived.
Late Antique Philosophical Terminology in Early Kalām
Authors: Wakelnig Elvira 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Arabic term “a part which is not divided” (juzʾ lā yatajazzaʾ) is standard in later kalām to express the atom, i.e., the smallest entity out of which the bodies of this world are constituted. However, when early kalām doctrines are read with only this atomist meaning of the term in mind, strange claims result, namely that either an individual like ʿAlī or man is an atom. Reading these doctrines in the context of Late Antique philosophy in which the Greek term “undivided” (atomon) is considered as polysemous provides an interpretative tool to make better sense of the early mutakallimūn’s claims.
Discussions of the various meanings of atomon first occur in Greek commentaries to Porphyry’s Isagoge from where they are then excerpted and introduced into compilations of definitions and divisions (diareses) of philosophical terms. A detailed survey of the steady development of these discussions in the Greek tradition sheds light on the condensed form in which they appear in philosophical compilations in Greek, Syriac and Arabic. Surviving Arabic compilations not only contain passages on the various meanings of atomon, but also present information on Democritus’s and Epicurus’s doctrines and are thus suggested as a very plausible, hitherto neglected channel of transmission of Greek atomist theories to early kalām.
Has ‘the incarnational model’ been a Theologically Helpful Influence on Modern Youth Ministry?
Authors: Gough Tim 
Published: December 2019

The ‘incarnational’ theological perspective has had a significant influence upon models of youth ministry since the 1940s. It became a compelling force in the 1990s through the work of prolific voices like Pete Ward in the UK and Dean Borgman in America. More recently it has received renewed focus with a new interpretation offered by Dr. Andrew Root.
This is a question of the theological appropriation of the Incarnation, and why we might speak of incarnational youth ministry but not Trinitarian, atoning, or creational youth ministry. If fidelity to the orthodox doctrine of the incarnation is a measure of the appropriateness of using the word ‘incarnational’ as a praxis, then these approaches come up short. Although many ‘incarnational’ practices should be retained, holding to the term has lasting theological complications.
Prevalence and Correlates of Sexting Behaviors in a Provincially Representative Sample of Adolescents
Authors: Kim Soyeon , Martin-Storey Alexa , Drossos Alexander , Barbosa Samantha , Georgiades Katholiki 
Published: December 2019

Objectives: To examine the prevalence and correlates of sending and receiving sexts (i.e., sexually explicit images) in a provincially representative sample of adolescents in Canada. Methods: Data from the 2014 Ontario Child Health Study, a provincial survey of households with children in Ontario, which includes a sample of 2,537 adolescents aged 14 to 17 years (mean age = 15.42, male = 51.6%) were used to address the research objectives. Results: The past 12 months prevalence of sending and receiving sexts was 14.4% and 27.0%, respectively. In unadjusted logistic regression analyses, non-White adolescents and those living in low-income households were less likely to send or receive sexts compared to White and non-low-income adolescents. Adolescents who disclosed their sexual and/or gender minority identities were 3 to 4 times more likely to send and receive sexts than youth who had not disclosed these identities. Higher levels of mental health problems generally observed among adolescents who sent or received sexts. In fully adjusted models, low income and ethnic minority status were associated with reduced odds of sending and receiving sexts, while sexual and/or gender minority disclosure status was associated with increased odds. Social anxiety was associated with reduced odds of sending and receiving sexts, while conduct disorder was associated with elevated odds. Conclusion: The prevalence of sexting behavior was higher among adolescents who disclosed their sexual or gender minority identities. Sexting behaviors were associated with higher levels of mental health problems. Identifying vulnerable populations and the potential mental health ramifications associated with sexting behavior is vital to mitigating negative sequelae.
Patient Knowledge and Experiences With Antibiotic Use and Delayed Antibiotic Prescribing in the Outpatient Setting
Authors: Seipel Mary Beth A. , Prohaska Emily S. , Ruisinger Janelle F. , Melton Brittany L. 
Published: December 2019

Background: Most antibiotic prescriptions originate in the outpatient setting and an estimated 30% are unnecessary. Pharmacists are well positioned to positively impact antibiotic prescribing habits; the role of the community pharmacist in outpatient antibiotic stewardship programs is not well defined. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the knowledge of the general public regarding appropriate antibiotic use, and (2) assess the experiences of the general public regarding delayed antibiotic prescriptions. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered at community pharmacies in Kansas from September 2018 to January 2019. Eligible individuals were older than 18 years and self-reported their ability to speak and read English. The 22-item survey collected demographics, knowledge regarding appropriate antibiotic use, and participant understanding and experiences of delayed antibiotic prescribing. Descriptive statistics assessed demographics and chi-square compared responses between demographics. Results: Of 347 surveys completed, respondents were mainly Caucasian (91.6%), female (58.2%), and aged 60 years or older (59.1%). Those with high school education or below were more likely to believe antibiotics kill viruses (43.1% vs 20.9%, respectively; p < 0.01) and that antibiotics work on most coughs and colds (31.4% vs 16.2%, respectively; p = 0.01). Delayed antibiotic prescriptions were more frequently offered to those who had received an antibiotic prescription in the last year compared to those who had not (36.1% vs 15%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Gaps in patient knowledge about appropriate antibiotic use and delayed prescribing present an opportunity for community pharmacists to educate patients and become involved in outpatient antibiotic stewardship.
Pharmacist-Delivered Smoking Cessation Program in Community Pharmacy (The FINE Program) in Japan—The Development of a Training Course and a Feasibility Study
Authors: Onda Mitsuko , Kuwanoe Takashi , Hashimoto Atsunori , Horiguchi Michiko , Domichi Masayuki , Sakane Naoki 
Published: December 2019

Aim: Although smoking cessation support has been recommended as a routine component of pharmacists’duties, there is limited evidence of smoking cessation being achieved successfully in community pharmacy. The aim of this study was to develop a new smoking cessation program for use in the community pharmacy setting and investigate its feasibility. Methods: A feasibility study (the Family pharmacist’s Intervention for Nicotine Elimination [FINE] program) was conducted using 8 pharmacists at 2 community pharmacies in Japan. The pharmacists recruited as subjects smokers 20 or more years of age who were taking medications such as antidiabetes drugs. The patients completed questionnaires assessing their smoking status, and the pharmacists provided them with smoking cessation support services. Participating patients met with the pharmacists or talked to them on the phone 5 times at 2- to 4-week intervals and received personalized and structured brief smoking cessation advice. The primary outcome was continuous abstinence determined by Micro Smokerlyzer carbon monoxide monitor at 3 months. Results: Of 5306 patients, 2296 patients were screened and the rate of smoking was found to be 12.7%. Five smoking patients received the FINE program from pharmacists who had received training. One of the 5 succeeded in quitting smoking after 3 months. Conclusions: This is the first study to target Japanese smoking patients in community pharmacies with a brief structured intervention. The results tentatively support the feasibility of the FINE program. Further research including a randomized controlled trial is required to confirm the effectiveness of the FINE program.
A Patients-Based Statistical Model of Radiotherapy Dose Distribution in Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Liu Gang , Yang Jing , Nie Xin , Zhu Xiaohui , Li Xiaoqiang , zhou Jun , Kabolizadeh Peyman , Li Qin , Quan Hong , Ding Xuanfeng 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: To develop a patients-based statistical model of dose distribution among patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). Methods and Materials: The dose distributions of 75 patients with NPC were acquired and preprocessed to generate a dose-template library. Subsequently, the dominant modes of dose distribution were extracted using principal component analysis (PCA). Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) was performed for evaluation. Residual reconstruction errors between the doses reconstructed using different dominating eigenvectors and the planned dose distribution were calculated to investigate the convergence characteristics. Three-dimensional Gamma analysis was performed to investigate the accuracy of dose reconstruction. Results: The first 29 components contained 90% of the variance in dose distribution, and 45 components accounted for more than 95% of the variance on average. The residual error of the LOOCV model for the cumulative sum of components over all patients decreased from 8.16 to 4.79 Gy when 1 to 74 components were included in the LOOCV model. The 3-dimensional Gamma analysis results implied that the PCA model was capable of dose distribution reconstruction, and the accuracy was especially satisfactory in the high-dose area. Conclusions: A PCA-based model of dose distribution variations in patients with NPC was developed, and its accuracy was determined. This model could serve as a predictor of 3-dimensional dose distribution.
Primary Arterial Switch Operation for TGA/IVS and Regressed Left Ventricle: How and When to Use Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Malankar Dhananjay P. , Patil Sachin , Mali Shivaji , Dhake Shyam , Mhatre Amit , Bind Dilip , Soni Bharat , Kandavel Dinesh , Garekar Swati 
Published: December 2019

Purpose: Numerous attempts have been made to extend the boundaries of arterial switch operation (ASO) in children presenting late with transposition of great arteries with intact ventricular septum (TGA/IVS) and regressed left ventricle (rLV). Many children tolerate the delayed ASO uneventfully, whereas others need mechanical circulatory support (MCS) to sustain the systemic circulation while the left ventricle undergoes retraining. Description: In this article, we describe six consecutive children with TGA/IVS and rLV who underwent primary ASO. Results: Three were managed medically, while three required MCS in the form of Centrimag left ventricular assist device (LVAD). All patients survived the operation and were discharged home in a stable condition. Conclusions: Primary ASO can be safely performed in children with TGA/IVS and rLV, provided the center has MCS options. Supporting the rLV with LVAD is feasible and can be achieved safely.
Selective Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion With or Without Additional Lower Body Perfusion During Aortic Arch Reconstruction in Infants
Authors: Kulyabin Yuriy Y. , Gorbatykh Yuriy N. , Soynov Ilya A. , Zubritskiy Alexey V. , Voitov Alexey V. , Bogachev-Prokophiev Alexander V. 
Published: December 2019

Background: Aortic arch reconstruction is often challenging, especially in infants, owing to its high postoperative complication risks. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness between selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP) alone and SACP in combination with continuous lower body perfusion with descending aortic cannulation (DAC) in preserving renal function, and to determine the influence of perfusion strategy on the postoperative course of infants who underwent aortic arch reconstruction. Material and Methods: A total of 121 infants who underwent aortic arch reconstruction between January 2008 and December 2018 were included in the analysis. Patients (median age: 29 days, range: 3-270 days) were divided into the following groups: those who underwent repair with SACP (SACP group, 79 patients) and those who underwent additional lower body perfusion (DAC group, 42 patients). Results: Three (7.1%) and nine (11.4%) patients died in the DAC and SACP groups, respectively ( P = .54). The SACP group had more patients requiring renal replacement therapy ( P = .002) and higher incidence of second stage acute kidney injury (AKI) development (Kidney disease improving global outcomes (KDIGO) criteria; P = .032). The SACP group had higher frequency of open chest postoperatively than the DAC group ( P = .011). The DAC group had lower vasoactive inotropic score (VIS) at the first postoperative day ( P < .001) and shorter intensive care unit length of stay ( P = .050). There was no difference in neurological complications between the groups ( P = .061). High VIS was associated with early mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 1.79 [1.33-2.41], P < .001) and AKI (OR: 1.60 [1.35-1.91], P < .001). The DAC perfusion strategy with minimal hypothermia was associated with lower risk of AKI (OR: 0.91 [0.84-0.98], P = .016). Conclusion: Antegrade cerebral perfusion with continuous lower body perfusion via DAC could effectively be used for improving early postoperative results among infants undergoing procedures that include aortic arch reconstruction.
Double-Outlet Right Atrium: Review of a Rare Anomaly With an Exemplary Case
Authors: Ambra Miette , Halkawt Ali Nuri , Giuseppe Pomé , Maurizio Marasini , Francesco Santini 
Published: December 2019

Background: Double-outlet right atrium (DORA) is a rare congenital cardiac defect, where the right atrium (RA) is connected to both the right ventricle (RV) and the left ventricle (LV). Double-outlet right atrium is classified into two types, each containing two subtypes: malaligned atrial septum with common or single atrioventricular (AV) valve and malaligned ventricular septum (VS) with adequate or inadequate RV. The VS type is characterized by straddling right AV valve (RAVV) with intact VS, resulting in two RAVV orifices. Methods: We report a case of “acquired DORA” in a 17-year-old male patient previously treated with subaortic VSD closure. At admission, we diagnosed DORA with VS malalignment and adequate RV. The patient had 2 orifices within the RAVV, connecting the RA to both the RV (via RAVV orifice 1) and the LV (via RAVV orifice 2). The latter was insufficient, with severe LV to RA shunt. A review of the literature indexed in PubMed and Scopus databases was undertaken. Results: The patient underwent biventricular repair through closure of the RAVV orifice 2 with a pericardial patch. Pacemaker implantation for complete AV block was necessary. Postoperative course and follow-up were regular. The literature review showed 39 cases of DORA, of which 8 had a malaligned VS and an adequate RV, as in our case. Conclusion: Acquired DORA is an interesting post-surgical variant of a rare congenital heart defect. Biventricular repair is a feasible and viable option, which involves closing the third AV orifice. Careful attention is required in order to avoid injury to the conduction system.
Association between body mass index (BMI) and hypertension in south Asian population: evidence from nationally-representative surveys
Authors: Hossain Fariha Binte , Adhikary Gourab , Chowdhury Ariful Bari , Shawon Md Shajedur Rahman 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background
Although there has been a well-established association between overweight-obesity and hypertension, whether such associations are heterogeneous for South Asian populations, or for different socioeconomic groups is not well-known. We explored the associations of overweight and obesity using South Asian cut-offs with hypertension, and also examined the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and hypertension in various socioeconomic subgroups.

Methods
We analysed the recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, with a total of 821,040 men and women. Hypertension was defined by 2017 ACC/AHA cut-offs and by Joint National Committee 7 (JNC7) cut-offs for measured blood pressure and overweight and obesity were defined by measured height and weight. We used multiple logistic regressions to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hypertension for overweight and obesity as well as for each 5-unit increase in BMI.

Results
The prevalence of hypertension using JNC7 cut-offs among participants increased by age in all three countries. The prevalence ranged from 17.4% in 35–44 years to 34.9% in ≥55 years in Bangladesh, from 4.6% in 18–24 years to 28.6% in 45–54 years in India, and from 3.8% in 18–24 years to 39.2% in ≥55 years in Nepal. Men were more likely to be hypertensive than women in India and Nepal, but not in Bangladesh. Overweight and obesity using both WHO and South Asian cut-offs were associated with higher odds of hypertension in all countries. For each 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI, the ORs for hypertension were 1.79 (95% CI: 1.65–1.93), 1.59 (95% CI: 1.58–1.61), and 2.03 (95% CI: 1.90–2.16) in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, respectively. The associations between BMI and hypertension were consistent across various subgroups defined by sex, age, urbanicity, educational attainment and household’s wealth index.

Conclusions
Our study shows that the association of BMI with hypertension is stronger for South Asian populations at even lower cut-offs points for overweight and obesity. Therefore, public health measures to reduce population-level reduction in BMI in all population groups would also help in lowering the burden of hypertension.
Expansion and Impaired Mitochondrial Efficiency of Deep Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Recent-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bódis Kálmán , Jelenik Tomas , Lundbom Jesper , Markgraf Daniel F , Strom Alexander , Zaharia Oana-Patricia , Karusheva Yanislava , Burkart Volker , Müssig Karsten , Kupriyanova Yuliya , Ouni Meriem , Wolkersdorfer Martin , Hwang Jong-Hee , Ziegler Dan , Schürmann Annette , Roden Michael , Szendroedi Julia ,   GDS Study Group, Buyken A E , Belgardt B , Geerling G , Al-Hasani H , Herder C , Hwang J H , Icks A , Kotzka J , Kuss O , Lammert E , Markgraf D , Müssig K , Rathmann W , Szendroedi J , Ziegler D , Roden M 
Published: December 2019

AbstractContext/ObjectiveImpaired adipose tissue (AT) function might induce recent-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D). Understanding AT energy metabolism could yield novel targets for the treatment of T2D.Design/PatientsMale patients with recently-diagnosed T2D and healthy male controls (CON) of similar abdominal subcutaneous AT (SAT)-thickness, fat mass, and age (n = 14 each), underwent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with [6,6-2H2]glucose and indirect calorimetry. We assessed mitochondrial efficiency (coupling: state 3/4o; proton leak: state 4o/u) via high-resolution respirometry in superficial (SSAT) and deep (DSAT) SAT-biopsies, hepatocellular lipids (HCL) and fat mass by proton-magnetic-resonance-spectroscopy and -imaging.ResultsT2D patients (known diabetes duration: 2.5 [0.1; 5.0] years) had 43%, 44%, and 63% lower muscle insulin sensitivity (IS), metabolic flexibility (P &lt; 0.01) and AT IS (P &lt; 0.05), 73% and 31% higher HCL (P &lt; 0.05), and DSAT-thickness (P &lt; 0.001), but similar hepatic IS compared with CON. Mitochondrial efficiency was ~22% lower in SSAT and DSAT of T2D patients (P &lt; 0.001) and ~8% lower in SSAT vs DSAT (P &lt; 0.05). In both fat depots, mitochondrial coupling correlated positively with muscle IS and metabolic flexibility (r ≥ 0.40; P &lt; 0.05), proton leak correlated positively (r ≥ 0.51; P &lt; 0.01) and oxidative capacity negatively (r ≤ −0.47; P &lt; 0.05) with fasting free fatty acids (FFA). Metabolic flexibility correlated positively with SAT-oxidative capacity (r ≥ 0.48; P &lt; 0.05) and negatively with DSAT-thickness (r = −0.48; P &lt; 0.05). DSAT-thickness correlated negatively with mitochondrial coupling in both depots (r ≤ −0.50; P &lt; 0.01) and muscle IS (r = −0.59; P &lt; 0.01), positively with FFA during clamp (r = 0.63; P &lt; 0.001) and HCL (r = 0.49; P &lt; 0.01).ConclusionsImpaired mitochondrial function, insulin resistance, and DSAT expansion are AT abnormalities in recent-onset T2D that might promote whole-body insulin resistance and increased substrate flux to the liver.