bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Body Subject: Being True to the Truths of Experience
Authors: Sheets-Johnstone Maxine 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
The aim of this essay is to flesh out the body subject in ways anchored in Husserlian phenomenology. In accordance with this aim, it begins with clarifications essential to veridical phenomenological accounts of experience. The specific Husserlian insights that follow these clarifications are grounded in experienced realities of animate nature, a nature Husserl consistently describes in terms of an animate organism, a subject body. The ensuing two sections show how and why various descriptions and claims of contemporary phenomenologists, descriptions and claims commonly anchored in Merleau-Ponty’s writings on the body, fail to elucidate this body subject, and how and why, in bypassing Husserlian insights, the descriptions and claims are phenomenologically wayward.
Het enig erfgenaamschap en het tweetrapslegaat: vermenging?
Authors: Boelens G.G.B. 
Published: April 2020

Het enig erfgenaamschap en het tweetrapslegaat: vermenging?
In deze bijdrage wordt onderzocht of een tweetrapslegaat (als alternatief voor de wettelijke verdeling) aan de langstlevende echtgenoot als enig erfgenaam (en bezwaarde) door vermenging tenietgaat.
Production Time and Nutritional Assessment of Garden Cress (Lepidium sativum L.) Leaves for Ethno-botanical Uses in Bangladesh
Authors: Polash Mohammed Arif Sadik , Sakil Md. Arif , Sazia Shahida , Rahman Md. Atikur , Hossain Md. Alamgir 
Published: April 2020

Aim: Futility of current health care systems for nourishment is a challenge to health professionals and researchers. Moreover, the high economic load and side effects necessitates the identification of natural and cheap products for nourishment. Reflecting those points, this research was aimed to evaluate the nutritional properties of garden cress leaves along with suitable production time in Bangladesh.
Introduction: Garden cress has been used in different countries for nourishment and treatment of different types of diseases but is new to Bangladesh. Successful production practices are indispensible for meeting the economic demand. The present research work was designed to establish a suitable production time for high biomass yield and evaluation of nutritional properties of garden cress leaves for ethno-botanical uses.
Methodology: Factorial experiment with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications was used to accomplish the experiment replications in different months (July to October from 2017 to 2019). Seeds were shown in pots on 1st July, 1st August, 1st September and 1st October. Relevant data were taken at 40 days from sowing.
Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed the production parameters such as shoot height (31.43 cm), root length (6.67 cm), leaf area plant-1 (35.38), shoot fresh and dry weight (1.57 and 0.33 g) was the highest in October planting. In case of nutritional assessment, an attempt was made to establish the variation of chlorophyll, vitamin C and nitrate concentration over planting time and minerals and proximate composition over garden cress seeds. The chlorophyll (1.0 mg 100 g-1 fresh weight), vitamin C (0.93 mg 100 g-1 fresh weight) and nitrate (391.00 mg 100 g-1 fresh weight) concentration was the highest in the October planting. Mineral content, i.e. sodium (73.67 mg 100 g-1 dry weight), potassium (1821.00 mg 100 g-1 dry weight) and calcium (578.67 mg 100 g-1 dry weight) was higher in leaves than seeds, except iron concentration, though proximate composition was higher in seeds than leaves, except moisture.
Conclusions: Winter planting (October) may attain higher biomass (leaf) production and its leaves could be a fresh source of bioactive compounds, minerals and vitamins.
A Soft Sensorized Microfluidic Tubular Actuating Gripper
Authors: Soon Ren Hao , Yu Longteng , Lim Chwee Teck 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOne of the key challenges in soft robotics today is in providing sensory feedback of an object to a gripper. In this work, a soft microtubular actuator which can not only interact but also sense its environment is reported. As the sensor is enclosed within the same structure as the actuator, the sensor is able to conform well to the whole range of actuating motion and is able to provide accurate sensor readings. As a proof of concept, the sensorized microtubular actuator is deployed as a microgripper. The microgripper demonstrates the ability to grip a variety of objects, including an ant, without damaging it. While similar grippers with integrated sensing elements do exist, the grippers produced in this work have a maximum diameter of 2 mm, which translate to a tenfold reduction in size over the state of the art. This allows the microgripper to conduct in situ monitoring of strain levels or establish if contact with an object has been made. The sensor experiences minimal electrical drift and hysteresis despite repeated loading cycles (1000 cycles). Taken together, these advantages demonstrate the potential of the microgripper for a variety of applications, especially in soft medical robotics.
A Two‐Step Approach for the Conversion of Technical Lignins to Biofuels
Authors: Figueirêdo Monique B. , Venderbosch Robertus H. , Deuss Peter J. , Heeres Hero Jan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLignocellulose is a widely available carbon source and a promising feedstock for the production of advanced second‐generation biofuels. Nonetheless, lignin, one of its major components, is largely underutilized and only considered an undesired byproduct. Through catalytic hydrotreatment, the highly condensed lignin can be partially depolymerized into a range of monomers. However, its recalcitrance and the presence of aromatic fragments linked by CC bonds require extensive cracking, which is challenging to achieve. Here, a two‐step strategy is reported in which an initial pretreatment step with ozone is used prior to catalytic hydrotreatment to boost lignin depolymerization. Three types of lignin (Kraft, pyrolytic, and Fabiola organosolv) are used as feedstocks and the ozonation step is performed under ambient conditions with either methanol or ethanol as the solvent. The pretreatment is shown to have a positive effect on the subsequent hydrotreatment reaction (Pd/C, 350 °C, 100 bar H2) and gives product oils with significantly lower Mw (up to 43% lower), higher volatility, and improved calorific values (up to 45.3 MJ kg−1) compared to a direct hydrotreatment.
Transconductance Amplification in Dirac‐Source Field‐Effect Transistors Enabled by Graphene/Nanotube Hereojunctions
Authors: Xu Lin , Qiu Chenguang , Peng Lian‐Mao , Zhang Zhiyong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSteep‐slope devices are predicted to provide excellent quality for analog integrated circuit applications due to their high transconductance efficiency (gm/Ids) breaking the metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor limit (38.5 V−1). The potential advantage of a Dirac‐source FET (DSFET) as an analog transistor is explored based on a graphene/carbon nanotube (CNT) heterojunction. A high gm/Ids beyond 38.5 V−1 over four decades of current is experimentally demonstrated in an individual CNT‐based DSFET, reaching a peak value of 66 V−1, which is a new record for all reported transistors. Importantly, this high gm/Ids extends beyond the subthreshold region and leads to transconductance amplification in the overthreshold region. The best peak transconductance at a low bias of −0.1 V exceeds 20 µS per tube, which has approximately threefold improvement over that of a normal CNT FET with a shorter gate length. Outperforming other advanced devices, the extended high transconductance efficiency greatly promotes DSFET competitiveness in the high‐precision analog field.
The effects of Lycium barbarum water extract and fish collagen on milk proteolysis and in vitro angiotensin I‐converting enzyme inhibitory activity of yogurt
Authors: Shori Amal Bakr , Ming Kong Siew , Baba Ahmad Salihin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPlain and Lycium barbarum yogurt were made in the presence and absence of fish collagen. Yogurt samples were analyzed for acidification, milk protein proteolysis, angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, and sensory evaluation during refrigerated storage for up to 21 days. The o‐phthaldialdehyde peptides amount of L. barbarum yogurt both in the presence and absence of fish collagen were significantly increased during 14 days of storage. SDS‐PAGE showed improvement in whey proteins degradation of L. barbarum yogurt with/without fish collagen after 3 weeks of storage. L. barbarum yogurt in absence of fish collagen was acting as a great ACE inhibitor reached up to 85% on day 7 of storage. The incorporation of L. barbarum and/or fish collagen affected to a small extent the overall sensory characteristics of yogurt. Yogurt supplemented with L. barbarum and/or fish collagen may lead to the improvement in the production and formulation of yogurt differing in their anti‐ACE activity.
Relationship of aortic bifurcation with sacropelvic anatomy: Application to anterior lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Baker Joseph F. , Chan Jonathan C. , Moon Benjamin G. , Robertson Peter A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionVarious sacropelvic parameters such as the pelvic Incidence (PI) are used to predict ideal lumbar lordosis and aid surgical planning. The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between the location of the aortic bifurcation from the sacral promontory and sacropelvic measures including the PI.Materials and MethodsOne hundred sixty five computed tomography (CT) scans obtained for major trauma including the entire spine were identified. Sacropelvic parameters including PI, sacral anatomic orientation, pelvic thickness (PTH), and sacral table angle were measured. Aortic bifurcation was identified on sagittal and coronal imaging and the distance from the sacral promontory (bifurcation‐promontory distance [BPD]) measured (mm).ResultsMean age of the cohort was 44.3 years (SD 18.5; range 16–88 years); 61.8% male. The mean PI was 49.2° (SD 10.2°; range 30°–80°). The mean BPD was 66.4 mm (SD 13.1 mm; range 38.3–100 mm). In the majority, the bifurcation was at the level of the L4 vertebral body (72.7%). Only age (r = −.389; p < .0001) and PTH (r = .172; p = .027) correlated with the BPD to a significant degree. PI did not correlate with BPD (r = .061; p = .435). Linear regression analysis provided the following predictive equation: BPD = 34.3 mm + 0.30 × PTH.ConclusionThis study demonstrates a lack of any meaningful correlation between sagittal pelvic parameters and the distance of the aortic bifurcation from the sacral promontory. Surgical planning for fusion surgery in the lumbar spine should include assessment of spinopelvic parameters and if anterior access to the lumbar disc(s) necessary, vascular anatomy should be carefully assessed independent of these measures.
Client preferences in counselling for alcohol problems: A qualitative investigation
Authors: Walls Jillian , McLeod Julia , McLeod John 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundIncorporating client expectations and preferences into the counselling process can lead to more positive outcomes and lower rates of dropout.AimThe aim of this study was to explore preferences for counselling held by clients prior to the commencement of therapy.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with five clients seeking help from an alcohol counselling service and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.FindingsEach client described a distinctive individual preference profile. While holding clear preferences for what would be helpful in counselling, clients were also open to new possibilities. They possessed a personal understanding of why certain activities and types of relationship might be helpful for them, and an appreciation of the types of therapeutic process that might lead them to quit therapy.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that clients are able to articulate their preferences, when offered the opportunity, and that qualitative methods have the potential to open up new understanding of the structure and meaning of preferences from the point of view of the client.
Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of (R)‐ and (S)‐ricinoleic acid derivatives
Authors: Blaszczyk Alina , Matysiak Sylwia , Kula Jozef , Szostakiewicz Katarzyna , Karkusiewicz Zaneta 
Published: April 2020

Abstract(R)‐ricinoleic acid is the main component of castor oil from Ricinus communis L. Due to the presence of the hydroxyl group in homoallylic position and asymmetrically substituted carbon atom, it may undergo a number of chemical and biochemical transformations resulting in the products with some specific bioactivities. Conversion of (R)‐ricinoleic acid into its (S)‐enantiomer enables synthesis of both (R)‐ and (S)‐ricinoleic acid derivatives and comparison of their biological activities. In the present research, (R)‐ and (S)‐ricinoleic acid amides synthesized from methyl ricinoleates and ethanolamine or pyrrolidine as well as acetate derivatives of ethanolamine amides were studied to demonstrate their biological activities using HT29 cancer cells. Double staining of cells with fluorochromes (Hoechst 33258/propidium iodide) as well as 2,′7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF) and comet assays were performed. Both the tested amides and acetates caused DNA damage and induced apoptotic and necrotic cell death. In the case of (R)‐ and (S)‐enantiomers of one of the tested acetates, significant difference in the ability to induce DNA damage was observed, which showed the impact of the stereogenic center on the activities of these compounds.
Post‐acute symptomatic seizure (PASS) clinic: A continuity of care model for patients impacted by continuous EEG monitoring
Authors: Punia Vineet , Chandan Pradeep , Fesler Jessica , Newey Christopher R. , Hantus Stephen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe present a model for the outpatient care of patients undergoing continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) monitoring during a hospitalization, named the post‐acute symptomatic seizure (PASS) clinic. We investigated whether establishing this clinic led to improved access to epileptologist care.MethodsAs part of the PASS clinic initiative, electronic health record (EHR) provides an automated alert to the inpatient care team discharging adults on first time antiepileptic drug (AED) after undergoing cEEG monitoring. The alert explains the rationale and facilitates scheduling for a PASS clinic appointment, three‐month after discharge, along with a same‐day extended (75 minutes) EEG. We compared the initial epilepsy clinic visits by patients undergoing cEEG in 2017, before (“Pre‐PASS” period and cohort) and after (“PASS” period and cohort) the alert went live in the EHR.ResultsOf the 170 patients included, 68 (40%) suffered a seizure during the mean follow‐up of 20.9 ± 10 months. AEDs were stopped or reduced in 66 out of 148 (44.6%) patients discharged on AEDs. Pre‐PASS cohort included 45 patients compared to 145 patients in the PASS cohort, accounting for 5.8% and 9.9% of patients, respectively, who underwent cEEG during the corresponding periods (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.26‐2.54, P = .001). The two cohorts did not differ in terms of electrographic or clinical seizures. The PASS cohort was significantly more likely to be followed up within 1‐6 months of discharge (OR = 4.6, 95% CI = 2.1‐10.1, P < .001) and have a pre‐clinic EEG (51.2% vs 11.1%; OR = 8.39, 95% CI = 3.1‐22.67, P < .001).SignificancePASS clinic, a unique outpatient transition of care model for managing patients at risk of acute symptomatic seizure led to an almost twofold increase in access to an epileptologist. Future research should address the wide knowledge gap about the best post‐hospital discharge management practices for these patients.
Modification of PPy‐NW Anode by Carbon Dots for High‐performance Mini‐microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Li B. , Zhao Z. , Weng Z. , Fang Y. , Lei W. , Zhu D. , Jiang H. , Bin Mohtar M. N. , bin Abdul Halin I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo boost the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs), a novel material of polypyrrole nanowires (PPy‐NWs) modified by carbon dots (CDs) is synthesized by polymerizing pyrrole monomers and CDs, in which CDs are attached and distributed on the surface of the PPy‐NWs, thus leading to the rough surface with a special dot‐line structure. Such CDs/PPy‐NW composite with special unique structure exhibits superior properties, and excellent performance is found for MFC using CDs/PPy‐NW composite as anode. The electron transfer rate increases to 0.0934 s−1 with a sharp rise by 26% over pure PPy‐NWs, and the resistances of CDs/PPy‐NW electrode are only one third of those of pure PPy‐NWs electrode. Further, the mini‐MFC equipped with the CDs/PPy‐NW composite as anode exhibits a high open circuit voltage (630 mV) and its maximum power density with a value of 291.4 mW m−2 is twice that of the mini‐MFC equipped with pure PPy‐NWs anode. These results demonstrate CDs/PPy‐NW with a unique dot‐line structure as a more promising anode material for MFC application.
Predictors of accidents in people with mild cognitive impairment, mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls in simulated driving
Authors: Economou Alexandra , Pavlou Dimosthenis , Beratis Ion , Andronas Nikolaos , Papadimitriou Eleonora , Papageorgiou Sokratis G. , Yannis George 
Published: April 2020

SummaryObjectivesTo examine the driving variables that predict accident probability in mild dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy older control drivers in simulated driving. To compare the three groups in mean performance and in frequency of scores exceeding 1.5 SD from the mean.Methods/DesignParticipants were 37 drivers with MCI, 16 drivers with AD, and 21 control drivers over the age of 52. Driving measures were derived from four rural driving conditions: moderate traffic without and with distraction and high traffic without and with distraction. The measures were z‐transformed based on the performance of 90 control drivers of different ages. Two unexpected incidents occurred per condition, requiring the sudden breaking to avoid an accident.ResultsDrivers with AD showed significantly lower average speed, speed variability, greater headway distance, headway variability and average reaction time (RT) than control drivers. Drivers with MCI showed significantly lower average speed, greater headway distance and average RT than control drivers in the two conditions of distraction. No differences were found in accident probability. Drivers with AD had more deviant scores than both control drivers and drivers with MCI in most comparisons. Predictors of accident probability were average RT, speed variability and lateral position variability but MCI and AD status were not significant predictors in any of the regression models.ConclusionsDespite significant differences in performance, drivers with MCI and AD did not differ in accident probability from control drivers. An individualized approach of examining individual driving performance is recommended.
Modified transform‐based gamma correction for MRI tumor image denoising and segmentation by optimized histon‐based elephant herding algorithm
Authors: Kollem Sreedhar , Rama Linga Reddy Katta , Srinivasa Rao Duggirala 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMedical image processing is typically performed to diagnose a patient's brain tumor prior to surgery. In this study, a technique in denoising and segmentation was developed to improve medical image processing. The proposed approach employs multiple modules. In the first module, the noisy brain tumor image is transformed into multiple low‐ and high‐pass tetrolet coefficients. In the second module, multiple low‐pass tetrolet coefficients are applied through a modified transform‐based gamma correction method. Generalized cross‐validation is used on multiple high‐pass tetrolet coefficients to obtain the best threshold value. In the third module, all enhanced coefficients are applied to the partial differential equation method. In the final module, the denoised image is applied to Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy set histon‐based fuzzy clustering method with centroid optimization using an elephant herding method. Accordingly, the tumor part is segmented from the nontumor part in the magnetic resonance imaging brain images. The method was assessed in terms of peak signal‐to‐noise ratio, mean square error, specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy. The experimental results showed that the suggested method is superior to traditional methods.
Development and In Vitro Evaluation of Stearic Acid Phosphotyrosine Amide as New Excipient for Zeta Potential Changing Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Prüfert Felix , Fischer Franz , Leichner Christina , Zaichik Sergey , Bernkop-Schnürch Andreas 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Purpose
Development of zeta potential changing SEDDS containing newly synthesized derivative stearic acid phosphotyrosine amide.

Methods
Stearoyl chloride was conjugated with phosphotyrosine, which is substrate for the brush border enzyme intestinal alkaline phosphate. The synthesized derivative was implemented in different SEDDS formulations and the zeta potential changing properties and the concluding mucus diffusion abilities were evaluated.

Results
Stearic acid phosphotyrosine amide was successfully synthesized and incorporated into SEDDS. A SEDDS formulation containing the new derivative showed a zeta potential of −14 mV before, and + 2 mV after enzymatic cleavage by intestinal alkaline phosphatase. Experiments on a Caco-2 monolayer demonstrated that the phosphate cannot only be cleaved by isolated enzyme, but also by enzyme, which was expressed by cells. The mucus diffusion abilities of the untreated, negatively charged SEDDS were significantly higher compared to the enzymatically cleaved, positively charged SEDDS.

Conclusion
The developed stearic acid phosphotyrosine represents a promising excipient for zeta potential changing SEDDS.
Assessment of invasive Gypsophila paniculata control methods in the northwest Michigan dunes
Authors: Rice Emma K. , Leimbach-Maus Hailee , Partridge Charlyn , McNair James N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBaby’s breath (Gypsophila paniculata L.) is an invasive species in Michigan’s northern lower peninsula and is a problem in much of northern North America. It is of particular concern in coastal dune habitats of northwest Michigan, because the areas where it is most dense are also populated by several endemic and threatened species. Current removal methods include manual removal with a spade and directed spray-to-wet foliar application of glyphosate to individual plants using backpack sprayers. We assessed these methods by measuring G. paniculata density and presence–absence frequency before and after treatment using a point-intercept grid, establishing how type and timing of treatment within the growing season influences treatment efficacy and determining the proportion of plants that resprout after treatment. Our results show a consistent reduction in G. paniculata density after treatment with herbicide or manual removal (P < 0.001) but minimal impact on presence–absence frequency. These results indicate a need for quantitative data in the assessment of management efficacy to show a clearer picture of density reduction when extirpation is no longer a viable outcome of management. Through the assessment of treatment timing of manual removal and glyphosate treatments over time, we found no evidence that either treatment type was effective at reducing density when applied before plants flowered, but there was evidence that both treatments were effective when applied later in the growing season when plants were flowering. Resprouting of marked plants occurred in 14% of manually removed plants and 2% of herbicide-treated plants. Our results suggest that managers should treat G. paniculata infestations for consecutive years to remove regrowth and focus treatment during flowering for best control.