bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opinions of vascular surgeons and podiatrists in Australia and New Zealand on the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for lower limb ulcers
Authors: Drovandi Aaron , Fernando Malindu E , Singh Tejas P , Woolley Torres , Golledge Jonathan 
Published: August 2020

IntroductionHyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been suggested to improve healing of lower limb ulcers, though the quality of available evidence is weak to moderate. This study assessed the opinions and use of HBOT by specialists treating lower limb ulcers.Research design and methodsAccredited vascular surgeons and podiatrists in Australia and New Zealand were sent an online survey via their professional organizations. The survey asked about their use and opinions of HBOT in treating lower limb ischemic, neuropathic and venous ulcers. Data were summarized with descriptive statistics. Non-parametric tests were used to compare survey results obtained from vascular surgeons and podiatrists.Results61 vascular surgeons and 40 podiatrists completed the survey. Thirty-seven specialists used HBOT for treating lower limb ulcers, with the remainder indicating they did not feel there was a role for HBOT (n=25) or did not have access to HBOT (n=39). Less than 8% of specialists indicated that HBOT frequently or always had a role in treating ischemic, neuropathic or venous ulcers. Compared with podiatrists, vascular surgeons were significantly less likely to indicate HBOT had a treatment role for any ulcer type (p<0.001, p=0.004, and p<0.001, respectively), though significantly more likely to indicate they currently used HBOT for treating lower limb ulcers (p<0.001). Most specialists (n=76) believed that a large clinical trial is needed to determine the efficacy of HBOT in treating lower limb ulcers.ConclusionsVascular surgeons and podiatrists do not feel HBOT has a frequent role in treating lower limb ulcers, but do feel there needs to be a large clinical trial to test its value.
B-type natriuretic peptide and cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction: a randomised trial
Authors: Hubers Scott A , Schirger John A , Sangaralingham S Jeson , Chen Yang , Burnett Jr John C , Hodge David , Chen Horng H 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveB-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has favourable effects on left ventricular remodelling, including antifibrotic and antiapoptotic properties. We tested the hypothesis that infusion of BNP after an acute myocardial infarction would reduce left ventricular systolic and diastolic volumes and improve left ventricular ejection fraction compared with placebo.MethodsA total of 58 patients who underwent successful revascularisation for an acute ST elevation anterior myocardial infarction were randomised to receive 72-hour infusion of BNP at 0.006 µg/kg/min or placebo. Left ventricular end diastolic and systolic volumes and left ventricular ejection fraction were measured at baseline and at 30 days by multigated acquisition scan. Left ventricular infarction size was measured by cardiac MRI.ResultsBNP infusion led to significantly higher BNP levels and plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate at 72 hours. No significant difference in change of left ventricular volumes or ejection fraction from baseline to 30 days was observed between groups. Although left ventricular infarction size measured by cardiac MRI was not significantly different between BNP infusion versus placebo (p=0.39), there was a trend towards reduced infarction size in patients with a baseline ejection fraction of <40% (p=0.14).ConclusionsInfusion of BNP in patients with an anterior myocardial infarction did not affect parameters of left ventricular remodelling. Patients treated with BNP who had a baseline left ventricular ejection fraction of <40% had a trend towards reduced left ventricular infarction size compared with placebo. These results do not support the use of intravenous BNP in patients after recent myocardial infarction.Trial registration numberNCT00573144.
Challenges faced by patients, relatives and clinicians in end-stage dementia decision-making: a qualitative study of swallowing problems
Authors: Dimech Joseph , Agius Emmanuel , Hughes Julian C , Bartolo Paul 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundDecision-making in end-stage dementia (ESD) is a complex process involving medical, social, legal and ethical issues. In ESD, the person suffers from severe cognitive problems leading to a loss of capacity to decide matters regarding health and end-of-life issues. The decisional responsibility is usually passed to clinicians and relatives who can face significant difficulty in making moral decisions, particularly in the presence of life-threatening swallowing problems.AimThis study aimed to understand the decision-making processes of clinical teams and relatives in addressing life-threatening swallowing difficulties in ESD in long-term care in Malta.MethodThe study followed a qualitative approach where six case studies, involving six different teams and relatives of six different patients, were interviewed retrospectively to understand their decision-making in connection with the management of swallowing difficulties in ESD. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with each stakeholder. All data were transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis.ResultsFour themes were identified: the vulnerability of patients in dementia decision-making; the difficult role of relatives in decision-making; the decisional conflict between aggressive care through tube feeding versus oral comfort feeding; a consensus-building decision-making process as ideal to facilitate agreement and respect for patient’s dignity.ConclusionDecision-making to manage swallowing difficulties in ESD is a challenging process, which involves an interpretation of personal values, beliefs, patient preferences, care needs and clinical practice. Better communication between clinicians and relatives in dementia helps promote agreement between stakeholders leading to a care plan that respects the dignity of patients at their end of life.
Crystals of superconducting Baryonic tubes in the low energy limit of QCD at finite density
Authors: Canfora Fabrizio , Lagos Marcela , Vera Aldo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe low energy limit of QCD admits (crystals of) superconducting Baryonic tubes at finite density. We begin with the Maxwell-gauged Skyrme model in (3 + 1)-dimensions (which is the low energy limit of QCD in the leading order of the largeNexpansion). We construct an ansatz able to reduce the seven coupled field equations in a sector of high Baryonic charge to just one linear Schrödinger-like equation with an effective potential (which can be computed explicitly) periodic in the two spatial directions orthogonal to the axis of the tubes. The solutions represent ordered arrays of Baryonic superconducting tubes as (most of) the Baryonic charge and total energy is concentrated in the tube-shaped regions. They carry a persistent current (which vanishes outside the tubes) even in the limit of vanishing U(1) gauge field: such a current cannot be deformed continuously to zero as it is tied to the topological charge. Then, we discuss the subleading corrections in the ’t Hooft expansion to the Skyrme model (called usually$$ {\mathcal {L}}_{6}$$L6,$${\mathcal {L}}_{8}$$L8and so on). Remarkably, the very same ansatz allows to construct analytically these crystals of superconducting Baryonic tubes at any order in the ’t Hooft expansion. Thus, no matter how many subleading terms are included, these ordered arrays of gauged solitons are described by the same ansatz and keep their main properties manifesting a universal character. On the other hand, the subleading terms can affect the stability properties of the configurations setting lower bounds on the allowed Baryon density.
Achieving high-performance the functional way: a functional pearl on expressing high-performance optimizations as rewrite strategies
Authors: Hagedorn Bastian , Lenfers Johannes , Kœhler Thomas , Qin Xueying , Gorlatch Sergei , Steuwer Michel 
Published: August 2020

Optimizing programs to run efficiently on modern parallel hardware is hard but crucial for many applications. The predominantly used imperative languages - like C or OpenCL - force the programmer to intertwine the code describing functionality and optimizations. This results in a portability nightmare that is particularly problematic given the accelerating trend towards specialized hardware devices to further increase efficiency.
Many emerging DSLs used in performance demanding domains such as deep learning or high-performance image processing attempt to simplify or even fully automate the optimization process. Using a high-level - often functional - language, programmers focus on describing functionality in a declarative way. In some systems such as Halide or TVM, a separate schedule specifies how the program should be optimized. Unfortunately, these schedules are not written in well-defined programming languages. Instead, they are implemented as a set of ad-hoc predefined APIs that the compiler writers have exposed.
In this functional pearl, we show how to employ functional programming techniques to solve this challenge with elegance. We present two functional languages that work together - each addressing a separate concern. RISE is a functional language for expressing computations using well known functional data-parallel patterns. ELEVATE is a functional language for describing optimization strategies. A high-level RISE program is transformed into a low-level form using optimization strategies written in ELEVATE . From the rewritten low-level program high-performance parallel code is automatically generated. In contrast to existing high-performance domain-specific systems with scheduling APIs, in our approach programmers are not restricted to a set of built-in operations and optimizations but freely define their own computational patterns in RISE and optimization strategies in ELEVATE in a composable and reusable way. We show how our holistic functional approach achieves competitive performance with the state-of-the-art imperative systems Halide and TVM.
BRCA1 Mutations in Cancer: Coordinating Deficiencies in Homologous Recombination with Tumorigenesis
Authors: Krais John J. , Johnson Neil 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Cancers that arise from BRCA1 germline mutations are deficient for homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair and are sensitive to DNA-damaging agents such as platinum and PARP inhibitors. In vertebrate organisms, knockout of critical HR genes including BRCA1 and BRCA2 is lethal because HR is required for genome replication. Thus, cancers must develop strategies to cope with loss of HR activity. Furthermore, as established tumors respond to chemotherapy selection pressure, additional genetic adaptations transition cancers to an HR-proficient state. In this review, we discuss biological mechanisms that influence the ability of BRCA1-mutant cancers to perform HR. Furthermore, we consider how the HR status fluctuates throughout the cancer life course, from tumor initiation to the development of therapy refractory disease.
The Discovery of SWI/SNF Chromatin Remodeling Activity as a Novel and Targetable Dependency in Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Rago Florencia , Elliott GiNell , Li Ailing , Sprouffske Kathleen , Kerr Grainne , Desplat Aurore , Abramowski Dorothee , Chen Julie T. , Farsidjani Ali , Xiang Kay X. , Bushold Geoffrey , Feng Yun , Shirley Matthew D. , Bric Anka , Vattay Anthony , Möbitz Henrik , Nakajima Katsumasa , Adair Christopher D. , Mathieu Simon , Ntaganda Rukundo , Smith Troy , Papillon Julien P.N. , Kauffmann Audrey , Ruddy David A. , Bhang Hyo-eun C. , Castelletti Deborah , Jagani Zainab 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Uveal melanoma is a rare and aggressive cancer that originates in the eye. Currently, there are no approved targeted therapies and very few effective treatments for this cancer. Although activating mutations in the G protein alpha subunits, GNAQ and GNA11, are key genetic drivers of the disease, few additional drug targets have been identified. Recently, studies have identified context-specific roles for the mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes (also known as BAF/PBAF) in various cancer lineages. Here, we find evidence that the SWI/SNF complex is essential through analysis of functional genomics screens and further validation in a panel of uveal melanoma cell lines using both genetic tools and small-molecule inhibitors of SWI/SNF. In addition, we describe a functional relationship between the SWI/SNF complex and the melanocyte lineage–specific transcription factor Microphthalmia-associated Transcription Factor, suggesting that these two factors cooperate to drive a transcriptional program essential for uveal melanoma cell survival. These studies highlight a critical role for SWI/SNF in uveal melanoma, and demonstrate a novel path toward the treatment of this cancer.
Amivantamab (JNJ-61186372), an Fc Enhanced EGFR/cMet Bispecific Antibody, Induces Receptor Downmodulation and Antitumor Activity by Monocyte/Macrophage Trogocytosis
Authors: Vijayaraghavan Smruthi , Lipfert Lorraine , Chevalier Kristen , Bushey Barbara S. , Henley Benjamin , Lenhart Ryan , Sendecki Jocelyn , Beqiri Marilda , Millar Hillary J. , Packman Kathryn , Lorenzi Matthew V. , Laquerre Sylvie , Moores Sheri L. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors targeting mutant EGFR are standard of care in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but acquired resistance invariably develops through mutations in EGFR or through activation of compensatory pathways such as cMet. Amivantamab (JNJ-61186372) is an anti-EGFR and anti-cMet bispecific low fucose antibody with enhanced Fc function designed to treat tumors driven by activated EGFR and/or cMet signaling. Potent in vivo antitumor efficacy is observed upon amivantamab treatment of human tumor xenograft models driven by mutant activated EGFR, and this activity is associated with receptor downregulation. Despite these robust antitumor responses in vivo, limited antiproliferative effects and EGFR/cMet receptor downregulation by amivantamab were observed in vitro. Interestingly, in vitro addition of isolated human immune cells notably enhanced amivantamab-mediated EGFR and cMet downregulation, leading to antibody dose-dependent cancer cell killing. Through a comprehensive assessment of the Fc-mediated effector functions, we demonstrate that monocytes and/or macrophages, through trogocytosis, are necessary and sufficient for Fc interaction-mediated EGFR/cMet downmodulation and are required for in vivo antitumor efficacy. Collectively, our findings represent a novel Fc-dependent macrophage-mediated antitumor mechanism of amivantamab and highlight trogocytosis as an important mechanism of action to exploit in designing new antibody-based cancer therapies.
Prudence, Sunk Costs, and the Temporally Extended Self
Authors: Kauppinen Antti 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Many find it reasonable to take our past actions into account when making choices for the future. In this paper, I address two important issues regarding taking past investments into account in prudential deliberation. The first is the charge that doing so commits the fallacy of honoring sunk costs. I argue that while it is indeed irrational to care about sunk costs, past investments are not sunk costs when we can change their teleological significance, roughly their contribution to our excellence as temporally extended, reasons-responsive, and goal-directed agents. I suggest some general principles for evaluating such significance. Second, it’s a live issue whether we should care about the fate of our past projects, even if we can now affect it. I reject Dale Dorsey’s recent answer, and argue that the puzzle he addresses turns out to be merely apparent, if we take seriously the fact that we are temporally extended.
“living flesh”
Authors: Anderton Joseph 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This essay examines the human-nonhuman proximity emerging from Beckett’s representation of a deconstructed human being and his encounters with nonhuman animals in the “The Expelled,” “The Calmative,” “The End” and “First Love.” With reference to Simone Weil’s categories from The Need for Roots, I show how Beckett’s narrator is lacking physical, psychological, socio-political and philosophical aspects associated with normative human being, which result in a precarious, imprecise identity. In light of this dehumanisation, I close read passages featuring nonhuman animals to argue that while they emphasise the narrator’s marginalisation from human community, they also reveal profound alienation from other animals too. The destabilisation of specific identity, I argue, initiates a reevaluation of the narrator’s place among living beings in general and prefigures the multispecies connectedness advocated in twenty-first century ecocritical reviews of the human-nonhuman divide, such as Donna Haraway’s ‘chthulucene.’
Evaluating the Effective Inflow Layer of Simulated Supercell Updrafts
Authors: Nowotarski Christopher J. , Peters John M. , Mulholland Jake P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractProper prediction of the inflow layer of deep convective storms is critical for understanding their potential updraft properties and likelihood of producing severe weather. In this study, an existing forecast metric known as the effective inflow layer (EIL) is evaluated with an emphasis on its performance for supercell thunderstorms, where both buoyancy and dynamic pressure accelerations are common. A total of 15 idealized simulations with a range of realistic base states are performed. Using an array of passive fluid tracers initialized at various vertical levels, the proportion of simulated updraft core air originating from the EIL is determined. Results suggest that the EIL metric performs well in forecasting peak updraft origin height, particularly for supercell updrafts. Moreover, the EIL metric displays consistent skill across a range of updraft core definitions. The EIL has a tendency to perform better as convective available potential energy, deep-layer shear, and EIL depth are increased in the near-storm environment. Modifications to further constrain the EIL based on the most-unstable parcel height or storm-relative flow may lead to marginal improvements for the most stringent updraft core definitions. Finally, effects of the near-storm environment on low-level and peak updraft forcing and intensity are discussed.
How Human Factors Can Help Preserve Democracy in the Age of Pandemics
Authors: Kortum Philip , Stein Robert , Acemyan Claudia Ziegler , Wallach Dan S. , Vann Elizabeth 
Published: August 2020

Objective To describe user-centered voting systems that would support the safe conduct of voting in a pandemic environment. Background The COVID-19 pandemic has complicated our democratic processes. Voters and poll workers feel threatened by the potential dangers of voting in business-as-usual polling stations. Indeed, significant problems were encountered in the recent 2020 primary elections in Wisconsin, where the National Guard had to be mobilized because so few poll workers reported to work, and more than 90% of polling places had to remain closed. Method We describe a number of possible user-centered solutions that would help protect voters and poll workers in times of pandemic, and also report the results of a survey that asked voters and poll workers about what kinds of systems might make them willing to vote. Results Political as well as safety considerations will need to be considered as these safer voting solutions are designed since, surprisingly, the kinds of solutions preferred depend on the political affiliation of the voters. Conclusion Human factors professionals have a large role to play in realizing the safe, successful implementation of these user-centered systems. Good human factors analysis can help minimize the risk to voters and poll workers. Moreover, human factors methods can help safeguard democracy by creating safe and well-engineered environments that are conducive to voting in the age of pandemics. Application Creating safe and effective voting solutions that protect voters and poll workers during pandemic outbreaks is crucial to the preservation of democracy.
An Estimation of Price Effects of Making Food Fortification Mandatory in India
Authors: Tripathi Amarnath , Mishra Shruti 
Published: August 2020

Background: Despite several interventions, India has made little progress in reducing hidden hunger, micronutrient malnutrition. Food fortification of staple foods could be useful in addressing the above problem. Nonetheless, it may lead to an increase in economic stress among people by increasing inflation and monthly budget expenditure. Objective: The prime objective was to see whether or not mandatory food fortification will lead to an increase in inflation and the family’s budget expenditure. Methods: The study was based on secondary data. Decomposition approach has been used—inflation was decomposed into contributions of each commodity and which was further divided into base, weight, and inflation effects. To estimate the impact of mandatory food fortification on the family’s budget expenditure, monthly per capita expenditure has been assessed by considering both the situations—with and without fortification. Results: Results suggest that mandatory food fortification has a very negligible effect on inflation, suggesting no rise in inflation due to mandatory food fortification in India. Also, the study suggests a minimal increase in monthly per capita expenditure in both rural and urban sectors of India. Conclusions: Though adopting mandatory food fortification in India will not have an impact on inflation, there would be 2 major challenges: high dependency on food items processed locally and unawareness of benefits of fortified food items. Therefore, the government can first start food fortification of staple food with safety nets programs like NFSA, focusing on the most vulnerable groups of the society, and then scale up at a large scale.
Bone mineral density in Nigerian men on androgen deprivation therapy for advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Ojewuyi Olufemi Olayide , Ikuerowo Stephen Odunayo , Jeje Emmanuel Ajibola , Adewole Oladipo Adeboluji , Abolarinwa Abimbola Ayodeji , Omisanjo Olufunmilade Akinfolarin 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Cancer of the prostate (CaP) is the most frequently diagnosed non-cutaneous malignancy worldwide, and it is the second leading cause of death from cancer in men. In the developing world, majority of patients with CaP present in advanced stage and often times, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the only treatment option available. ADT has been reported to increase the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients with CaP in studies done predominantly among the Caucasians. There is a dearth of report of the effect of ADT on CaP in the black population most especially Nigerian population despite our high incidence of CaP. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of advanced CaP and its treatment using ADT on bone mineral density (BMD) in our patients.

Results
The age of the patients ranged from 54 to 88 years (mean 70.15 ± 6.7) and 50 to 85 years (mean 68.92 ± 8.5) for the case and control groups, respectively. The mean BMD of the control group (0.26 ± 1.5) was significantly higher than the case group pre-ADT (− 0.78 ± 1.7) (p = 0.044). Post-ADT, the BMD was significantly lower (− 1.15 ± 1.7) than pre-ADT (p = 0.001) among the case group.

Conclusion
Advanced CaP was found to be associated with a decrease in BMD, and ADT was associated with a further decline in the BMD. Therefore, prevention and treatment of skeletal-related events is vital in management of patients with advanced CaP.