bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The V‐Y advancement flap based on the dorsal carpal perforators for dorsal metacarpal reconstruction: Anatomical and clinical study
Authors: Hu Deqing , Chen Peng , Zhang Fei , Lin Haiqing , Zheng Heping , Zhou Xiao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionSoft‐tissue defects on the dorsal hand accompanied by exposed bone and tendon remain a challenge for plastic surgeons. The purpose of this study was to observe the morphological characteristics of the dorsal carpal perforators in the wrist and to design a V‐Y advancement flap based on the dorsal carpal perforators.Materials and MethodsThirty cadaveric hand specimens were dissected to observe the origin, course, branches, and anastomoses of the dorsal carpal perforators, and a V‐Y advancement flap was designed based on these perforators. Clinically, nine cases of dorsal hand defects were reconstructed with this flap.ResultsThe dorsal carpal vascular network was formed by vascular anastomoses along the dorsal carpal branch of the radial artery, dorsal carpal branch of the anterior interosseous artery, ascending branch of the dorsal carpal perforator from the deep palmar arch, direct branch of the radial artery, dorsal carpal branch of the ulnar artery, posterior interosseous artery, and deep palmar branch of the ulnar artery; this network could be divided into a deep vascular network and superficial vascular network according to the anatomical plane. Among the perforators, the third and fourth perforators that pierce out bilaterally from the tendon of the extensor digitorium had a consistent occurrence rate (100%) with an outer diameter of 0.7 ± 0.3 mm and 0.6 ± 0.2 mm, respectively, and thus could be chosen as the vascular pedicle. In clinical applications, all flaps survived completely with excellent color and texture, a satisfactory appearance, and normal movement of the wrist joint.ConclusionsA V‐Y advancement flap based on the dorsal carpal perforators can become a useful choice for the repair of dorsal metacarpal defects caused by trauma or dorsal metacarpal arterial flaps.
Biometry of thenar muscle origins on the flexor retinaculum
Authors: Loss Jeremy , Li Zong‐Ming 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe transverse carpal ligament (TCL), the main part of the flexor retinaculum, serves as an anchor for the thenar muscles: abductor pollicis brevis (APB), superficial head of the flexor pollicis brevis (sFPB), and opponens pollicis (OPP). Biomechanically, the thenar muscles rely on their TCL anchoring to transmit muscle contractions distally for thumb force and motion production, and reciprocally, muscle contraction interacts with the TCL at the proximal end through the origins. However, scarce knowledge exists regarding the distribution pattern of the thenar muscle origins. The purpose of this study was to understand the anatomical interface between the thenar muscles and TCL by examining the origin distributions of the individual muscles. Ten cadaveric specimens were dissected for digitization of the muscle origins and TCL volar surface. Digitized data were used for mesh reconstruction and calculation of surface areas and centroids. The origin areas for APB, sFPB, and OPP were 105.8 ± 30.3, 64.6 ± 15.2, and 245.9 ± 70.7 mm2, respectively. The surface area of the TCL was 386.2 ± 86.9 mm2. The origin areas of APB and OPP on the TCL were comparable, 18.4 ± 4.8% and 17.3 ± 9.6% of the TCL area, respectively. The origin locations for APB, sFPB, and OPP were in proximal‐radial quadrant of the TCL, on distal aponeurosis outside the TCL, and around the ridge of trapezium, respectively. The knowledge of the anatomical interface provides a foundation for the understanding of biomechanical interactions between the muscles and ligaments and pathomechanical implications.
One‐year clinical outcome of biodegradable polymer sirolimus‐eluting stent in diabetic patients: Insight from the ULISSE registry (ULtimaster Italian multicenter all comerS Stent rEgistry)
Authors: Beneduce Alessandro , Ferrante Giuseppe , Ielasi Alfonso , Pivato Carlo A. , Chiarito Mauro , Cappelletti Alberto , Baldetti Luca , Magni Valeria , Prati Eugenio , Falcone Stefania , Pierri Adele , De Martini Stefano , Montorfano Matteo , Parisi Rosario , Rutigliano David , Locuratolo Nicola , Anzuini Angelo , Tespili Maurizio , Margonato Alberto , Benassi Alberto , Briguori Carlo , Reimers Bernhard , Fabbiocchi Franco , Bartorelli Antonio , Colombo Antonio , Godino Cosmo 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe ULISSE registry evaluated the real‐world performance of the Ultimaster® biodegradable polymer sirolimus‐eluting stent (BP‐SES) in a multicenter‐independent cohort of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, including a large proportion of diabetes mellitus (DM) patients.MethodsIn this subgroup analysis, 1,660 consecutive patients, 2,422 lesions, treated with BP‐SES enrolled in the ULISSE registry were divided in two groups: DM (485 patients, 728 lesions) and non‐DM (1,175 patients, 1,694 lesions). Primary endpoint was target lesion failure (TLF), a composite endpoint of cardiac‐death, target‐vessel myocardial infarction (TV‐MI), and clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 1‐year. Secondary endpoint was TLR at 1‐year.ResultsAt 1‐year follow‐up TLF occurred in 5% overall patients and was significantly higher in DM patients (8 vs. 3.7%; p = .001), due to more cardiac deaths (3.4 vs. 1.1%; p = .002). TLR occurred in 3.2% overall patients, and it was not significantly higher in DM compared to non‐DM patients (4.4 vs. 2.8%; p = .114). The incidence of stent thrombosis was low and similar between groups (0.4 vs. 0.9%; p = .526). Insulin‐treated DM (ITDM) patients showed higher rate of TLF as compared to non‐ITDM patients (13 vs. 6.5%; p = .041), but similar rate of TLR (6 vs. 4%; p = .405). After adjustment for relevant comorbidities, DM was not significantly associated with TLF or cardiac death in patients undergoing BP‐SES implantation.ConclusionsThis study is the first all‐comers evaluation of BP‐SES in DM patients. Our findings show that DM patients, mostly those with ITDM, still represent a vulnerable population and experience significantly higher rate of TLF. Overall BP‐SES efficacy is considerable, although not statistically significant higher rate of TLR is still present in DM compared to non‐DM patients.
Heterostructured Hybrid rGO@α‐MnO2/rGO@δ‐MnO2 Nanoflower: An Efficient Catalyst for Aerobic Solvent‐Free N‐Alkylation Reactions and Energy Storage Material
Authors: Chaudhuri Haribandhu , Karak Niranjan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA new reduced graphene oxide (rGO) based bi‐phasic crystal of MnO2, namely α‐MnO2 nanorods and δ‐MnO2 nanoflakes containing heterostructured hybrid nanoflower rGO@α‐MnO2/rGO@δ‐MnO2 has been fabricated through a facile hydrothermal method followed by annealing treatment. The successful synthesis of the hybrid material was studied by XRD, Raman, BET, FESEM with EDX, FTIR and TEM analyses. An efficient N‐alkylation reaction of substituted aromatic amines with aromatic alcohols was carried out under solvent‐free aerobic conditions in the presence of catalytic amount of rGO@α‐MnO2/rGO@δ‐MnO2. The catalyst shows excellent activity in terms of high yields (up to 98 %), short reaction time (10 h) along with a simple work‐up process. The spent material can be regenerated several times without causing any serious decrease in catalytic activity. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD), and cyclic stability techniques were executed to evaluate the performances of rGO@α‐MnO2, rGO@δ‐MnO2, and rGO@α‐MnO2/rGO@δ‐MnO2 as energy storage materials. Among all those materials, rGO@α‐MnO2/rGO@δ‐MnO2 exhibited a proficient specific capacitance, CS (267 F/g at 1 A/g) along with excellent cycling ability (∼83 % retention up to 10000 cycles). The superb electrochemical performance of rGO@α‐MnO2/rGO@δ‐MnO2 might be ascribed to the combination of bi‐phasic α‐MnO2 and δ‐MnO2 with rGO sheets, resulting in a flower‐like structure.
Thermochromie und die Funktionsweise von Thermopapier
Authors: Jonas Albert , Rubner Isabel , Oetken Marco 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungThermopapiere werden zum schnellen Ausdruck von Belegen eingesetzt. Sie enthalten ein thermochromes Dreikomponentengemisch aus Leukofarbstoff und einem sauren phenolischen Entwickler, eingearbeitet in einen langkettigen Alkohol, das Solvens. Der Entwickler ist wegen der Verkapselung des Leukofarbstoffs im Solvens nicht in der Lage, diesen zu protonieren und damit in seine farbige Form überzuführen. Erst durch Einwirkung von Hitze schmilzt das Solvens, wodurch die Farbreaktion des Entwicklers mit dem Leukofarbstoff ermöglicht wird. In diesem Beitrag werden thermochrome Dreikomponentengemische aus Kristallviolettlacton (CVL) als Leukofarbstoff, Alkylgallat als Entwickler und 1‐Tetradecanol als Solvens vorgestellt, die sich sehr gut dazu eignen, den Einfluss der Löslichkeit vom Entwickler im Solvens in Abhängigkeit der Alkylkettenlängendifferenz ihrer Moleküle auf das thermochrome Verhalten experimentell zu zeigen. Auch der Einfluss hoher bzw. geringer Solvensanteile auf den Farbkontrast wird deutlich. Wir untersuchen, weshalb heißes Wasser Thermopapier schwarz färbt, heißes Öl hingegen keine Farbreaktion auslöst, womit die Thematik um thermochrome Gemische für die Schule in einen interessanten Kontext mit starkem Alltagsbezug gesetzt wird.
Determination of Space‐Time Structures from Gravitational Perturbations
Authors: Uhlmann Gunther , Wang Yiran 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe study inverse problems for the Einstein equations with source fields in a general form. Under a microlocal linearization stability condition, we show that by generating small gravitational perturbations and measuring the responses near a freely falling observer, one can uniquely determine the background Lorentzian metric up to isometries in a region where the gravitational perturbations can travel to and return. We apply the result to two concrete examples when the source fields are scalar fields (i.e., Einstein–scalar field equations) and electromagnetic fields (i.e., Einstein‐Maxwell equations). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parallel extraction of Regions‐of‐Interest from social media data
Authors: Belcastro Loris , Kechadi M. Tahar , Marozzo Fabrizio , Pastore Luca , Talia Domenico , Trunfio Paolo 
Published: January 2020

SummaryGeotagged data gathered from social media can be used to discover places‐of‐interest (PoIs) that have attracted many visitors. Since a PoI is generally identified by geographical coordinates of a single point, it is hard to match it with people trajectories. Therefore, we define an area, called region‐of‐interest (RoI), represented by the boundaries of a PoI. The main goal of this study is to discover RoIs from PoIs using spatial data mining techniques. In this paper, we propose a new parallel method for extracting RoIs from social media datasets. It consists of two main steps: (i) automatic keyword extraction and data grouping and (ii) parallel RoI extraction. The first step extracts keywords identifying the PoIs; these keywords are used to group social media items according to the places they refer to. The second step uses a Parallel Clustering Approach (ParCA) of spatial dataset to identify RoIs. ParCA exploits a parallel execution of DBSCAN on subsets of data to generate subclusters on each processing node and then merge overlapping subclusters to form global clusters. ParCA was implemented using the MapReduce model. Experiments performed over a set of PoIs in the city of Rome using social media data show that our approach is highly scalable and reaches an accuracy of 79% in detecting RoIs. On a parallel computer with 50 cores, we obtained a speedup of 52 by processing large datasets divided into 32 splits, compared with the execution time registered when each dataset is not partitioned.
N‐Doped Graphene Supported on Metal‐Iron Carbide as a Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Patniboon Tipaporn , Hansen Heine Anton 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe development of an efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is essential for the commercialization of fuel‐cell technologies. Iron carbide encapsulated in N‐doped graphene (NG/Fe3C) has been recognized recently as a promising ORR catalyst. In this study, the stability and catalytic activity of N‐doped graphene supported on metal–iron carbide (NG/M_Fe3C) toward the ORR are investigated by using DFT calculations. The NG/M_Fe3C heterostructure is modeled by substituting Fe atoms in the Fe3C substrate near the NG/Fe3C interface by metal atoms M (M=Cr–Mn, Co–Zn, Nb–Mo, Ta–W). The calculations show that the introduction of the metal atoms M alters the work function of the overlayer N‐doped graphene, which is found to correlate with the binding strength of the ORR intermediates. The introduction of Ni or Co atoms at the interface improves the ORR activity of the NG/Fe3C and stabilizes the heterostructure. The ORR activity increases as the concentration of Ni or Co atoms near the interface increases, and the stable heterostructure is available in a wide range of substituted concentrations. These results suggest approaches to improve the ORR activity of NG/Fe3C catalysts.
Is cannabidiol a drug acting on unconventional targets to control drug‐resistant epilepsy?
Authors: Rocha Luisa , Frías‐Soria Christian Lizette , Ortiz José G. , Auzmendi Jerónimo , Lazarowski Alberto 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCannabis has been considered as a therapeutic strategy to control intractable epilepsy. Several cannabis components, especially cannabidiol (CBD), induce antiseizure effects. However, additional information is necessary to identify the types of epilepsies that can be controlled by these components and the mechanisms involved in these effects. This review presents a summary of the discussion carried out during the 2nd Latin American Workshop on Neurobiology of Epilepsy entitled “Cannabinoid and epilepsy: myths and realities.” This event was carried out during the 10th Latin American Epilepsy Congress in San José de Costa Rica (September 28, 2018). The review focuses to discuss the use of CBD as a new therapeutic strategy to control drug‐resistant epilepsy. It also indicates the necessity to consider the evaluation of unconventional targets such as P‐glycoprotein, to explain the effects of CBD in drug‐resistant epilepsy.
2‐arachidonoylglycerol reduces chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan production by astrocytes and enhances oligodendrocyte differentiation under inhibitory conditions
Authors: Feliu Ana , Mestre Leyre , Carrillo‐Salinas Francisco J. , Yong V. Wee , Mecha Miriam , Guaza Carmen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe failure to remyelinate and regenerate is a critical impediment to recovery in multiple sclerosis (MS), resulting in severe dysfunction and disability. The chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) that accumulate in MS lesions are thought to be linked to the failure to regenerate, impeding oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation and neuronal growth. The potential of endocannabinoids to influence MS progression may reflect their capacity to enhance repair processes. Here, we investigated how 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) may affect the production of the CSPGs neurocan and brevican by astrocytes in culture. In addition, we studied whether 2‐AG promotes oligodendrocyte differentiation under inhibitory conditions in vitro. Following treatment with 2‐AG or by enhancing its endogenous tone through the use of inhibitors of its hydrolytic enzymes, CSPG production by rat and human TGF‐β1 stimulated astrocytes was reduced. These effects of 2‐AG might reflect its influence on TGF‐β1/SMAD pathway, signaling that is involved in CSPG upregulation. The matrix generated from 2‐AG‐treated astrocytes is less inhibitory to oligodendrocyte differentiation and significantly, 2‐AG administration directly promotes the differentiation of rat and human oligodendrocytes cultured under inhibitory conditions. Overall, the data obtained favor targeting the endocannabinoid system to neutralize CSPG accumulation and to enhance oligodendrocyte differentiation.
Mild cognitive impairment, psychiatric symptoms, and executive functioning in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Petkus Andrew J. , Filoteo J. Vincent , Schiehser Dawn M. , Gomez Megan E. , Hui Jennifer S. , Jarrahi Behnaz , McEwen Sarah , Jakowec Michael W. , Petzinger Giselle M. 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveMild cognitive impairment (MCI) and psychiatric symptoms (anxiety, depression, and apathy) are common in Parkinson's disease (PD). While studies have supported the association between psychiatric symptoms and cognitive performance in PD, it is unclear if the magnitude of link between psychiatric symptoms and cognitive health is stronger by MCI status. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between cognitive performance and psychiatric symptoms in PD and whether MCI status moderates this association.Methods/DesignParticipants (N = 187) completed a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment that included measures of attention, language, executive function (EF), visuospatial ability, episodic memory, and psychiatric symptoms. Participants were classified as PD‐MCI (N = 73) or PD‐normal cognition (NC; N = 114). Linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between psychiatric symptoms and cognitive performance and the moderating effect of PD‐MCI status.ResultsThere were no differences in mean psychiatric symptoms between PD‐MCI and PD‐NC. Psychiatric symptoms were predominantly associated with worse EF. The magnitude of the association between anxiety and worse EF was larger in participants with PD‐MCI compared with PD‐NC. A multivariable regression analysis examining the independent contributions of each symptom demonstrated the most robust association between EF and anxiety.ConclusionsSymptoms of anxiety, depression, and apathy are associated with worse executive functioning in individuals with PD. PD‐MCI may be important in moderating the association between cognitive performance, specifically anxiety, and EF. Factors that promote cognitive resilience may serve as key therapeutic modalities in managing neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD.
How do Admiral Nurses and care home staff help people living with dementia and their family carers prepare for end‐of‐life?
Authors: Moore Kirsten J. , Crawley Sophie , Cooper Claudia , Sampson Elizabeth L. , Harrison‐Dening Karen 
Published: January 2020

ObjectivesTo explore current practice and the role of UK care homes and Admiral Nurses in helping people living with dementia and their family carers prepare for end‐of‐life.MethodsWe conducted an online survey with all UK Admiral Nurses (59% response rate) and a random sample of Gold Standards Framework accredited care homes in England and Wales (38% response rate). We used descriptive statistics to report survey findings.ResultsWhile respondents commonly discussed the progressive nature of dementia with people living with dementia and family carers, they less frequently spoke to people with dementia or carers about the nature of dementia as life shortening, terminal, or a disease you can die from. Admiral Nurses highlighted that where service models reduced continuity of care, opportunities for ongoing discussion and developing relationships that supported these discussions were reduced. Admiral Nurses and care homes raised concerns about conversations being left too late, when the person with dementia no longer had capacity to engage. There was a high level of agreement with all European Association of Palliative Care and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) statements presented regarding end‐of‐life care planning and discussions.ConclusionsOur survey of care homes and Admiral Nurses, combined with findings from our previous survey of UK memory services, increases our understanding of how services help people with dementia and family carers prepare for end‐of‐life. We found fragmentation across the service system, lack of continuity, and tensions regarding when these conversations should be initiated and by whom.
Financial inclusion and human development in frontier countries
Authors: Ofosu‐Mensah Ababio Josephine , Attah‐Botchwey Edward , Osei‐Assibey Eric , Barnor Charles 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study empirically investigates whether the level of human development drives greater financial inclusion, and vice versa in the contexts of frontier markets. The dynamic panel generalized methods of moments (System‐GMM) methodology is employed to analyze data spanning from 2005 to 2014 for twenty (20) frontier markets by Standard and Poor's Indices. The study finds that human development is a catalyst for financial inclusion scale‐up in the banking industry, which in turn, augments the development process. It establishes fresh evidence that income level, financial literacy, and healthy lives are the decisive factors for financial inclusion scale‐up in the banking industry. It finds new evidence that the underlying cause of low financial inclusion is low human development. The study concludes that low human development causes low financial inclusion. Also, promoting financial inclusion through the banking sector is very instrumental to stimulating human development, thus the reverse applies in frontier markets. The study implies that low living standards, poor health, high illiteracy, and deprived well‐being and freedom largely account for low financial inclusion hence its spillover effect of having low human development in frontier market countries.
RGD‐functionalized supported lipid bilayers modulate pre‐osteoblast adherence and promote osteogenic differentiation
Authors: Verstappen Johanna F. M. , Jin Jianfeng , Koçer Gülistan , Haroon Mohammad , Jonkheijm Pascal , Bakker Astrid D. , Klein‐Nulend Jenneke , Jaspers Richard T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBiomaterial integration into bone requires optimal surface conditions to promote osteoprogenitor behavior, which is affected by integrin‐binding via arginine‐glycine‐aspartate (RGD). RGD‐functionalized supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) might be interesting as biomaterial coating in bone regeneration, because they allow integration of proteins, for example, growth factors, cytokines, and/or antibacterial agents. Since it is unknown whether and how they affect osteoprogenitor adhesion and differentiation, the aim was to investigate adhesion, focal adhesion formation, morphology, proliferation, and osteogenic potential of pre‐osteoblasts cultured on RGD‐functionalized SLBs compared to unfunctionalized SLBs and poly‐l‐lysine (PLL). After 17 hr, pre‐osteoblast density on SLBs without or with RGD was similar, but lower than on PLL. Cell surface area, elongation, and number and size of phospho‐paxillin clusters were also similar. Cells on SLBs without or with RGD were smaller, more elongated, and had less and smaller phospho‐paxillin clusters than on PLL. OPN expression was increased on SLBs with RGD compared to PLL. Moreover, after 1 week, COL1a1 expression was increased on SLBs without or with RGD. In conclusion, pre‐osteoblast adhesion and enhanced differentiation were realized for the first time on RGD‐functionalized SLBs, pointing to a new horizon in the management of bone regeneration using biomaterials. Together with SLBs nonfouling nature and the possibility of adjusting SLB fluidity and peptide content make SLBs highly promising as substrate to develop innovative biomimetic coatings for biomaterials in bone regeneration.