bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pilot study comparing ergonomics in laparoscopy and robotics: beyond anecdotes, and subjective claims
Authors: Kuo Li-Jen , Ngu James Chi-Yong , Lin Yen-Kuang , Chen Chia-Che , Tang Yue-Her 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We aimed to use hand dexterity and grip strength test as objective measures to compare the difference in surgeon fatigue associated with robotic and laparoscopic colorectal surgery. We used the Purdue Pegboard Test to assess hand dexterity and the Camry Electronic Handgrip Dynamometer to assess hand grip strength. Eighteen patients were operated on, including 10 robotic and 8 laparoscopic cases. Statistical analysis revealed no difference in dexterity or muscle fatigue after operating with the robot. In contrast, there was a significant difference in the hand grip strength of both hands after laparoscopic surgery. Our results show that the resultant fatigue after laparoscopy affects both hands of the surgeon. In contrast, there was no difference in dexterity or muscle fatigue after operating with the robot. Given the demands of complex colorectal surgeries, robotics may be a means of optimizing surgeon performance by reducing fatigue.
The ‘most Sacred of Duties’1: Maternal Ideals and Discourses of Authority in Victorian Breastfeeding Advice
Authors: Cox Jessica 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The maternal role and its associated practices were subject to much scrutiny throughout the Victorian period. Whilst motherhood was seen as the natural destiny of the (respectable) woman, mothers were nonetheless deemed in need of strict guidance on how best to raise their offspring. This was offered in an extensive range of advice and conduct books, via newspapers, journals, and fiction, and from medical practitioners, and covered pregnancy, childbirth, and all aspects of care for babies and young children. This article considers Victorian advice on infant feeding, focusing in particular on the various strategies deployed to encourage mothers to breastfeed. Advice literature for mothers frequently invoked patriarchal – religious, medical, and (pseudo-) scientific – authority, in line with broader Victorian discourses on femininity. Much of this advice was produced by, or drew on, the authority of (male) medical practitioners, whilst comparatively little emphasis was placed on maternal experience as a source of expertise. Set within the wider historical context of shifting trends in infant feeding, this article analyses the various persuasive techniques employed by the authors of advice literature, which ultimately served as an attempt to control women’s maternal behaviours and to suppress their own maternal authority.
Clinical Research and Practice Collaborative: An Evidence-Based Nursing Clinical Inquiry Expansion
Authors: Migliore Laurie , Chouinard Henry , Woodlee Rachel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroduction: Implementation and sustainment of evidence-based practices (EBPs) are common challenges faced by healthcare organizations. The Clinical Research and Practice Collaborative, an evidence-based initiative implemented at a large Military Treatment Facility, addresses EBP implementation and sustainment by expanding the culture of nursing clinical inquiry and broadening nursing research efforts to include EBP. The evidence-based intervention of scheduled, intentional, intraprofessional collaboration between PhD nurse scientists and advanced practice registered nurses as compared to previous methods of spontaneous, consultative collaboration, focuses on developing support for nursing research and EBP initiatives. Materials and Methods: A 2-year pre- and 2-year post-implementation timeframe compared outcomes (proposals, publications, posters) from individual and collaborative nursing research and EBP initiatives. Results: Although nursing research initiatives remained stable, research publications and posters were reduced by 63%, EBP initiatives grew 450%, EBP publications and collaborative nursing initiatives for both research and EBP increased. Additionally, EBP Council membership rose 300%, and an intraprofessional cadre was formed during the implementation. Conclusions: Intentionally scheduled collaboration between PhD nurse scientists and advanced practice registered nurses is a promising model to promote an expanded culture of nursing clinical inquiry and should be considered for medical facilities seeking to enhance EBP and nursing research efforts.
A nulling strategy for modelling lensing convergence in cones with large deviation theory
Authors: Barthelemy A , Codis S , Uhlemann C , Bernardeau F , Gavazzi R 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
The distribution of the cosmic convergence field is modelled using a large deviation principle where all non-Gaussian contributions are computed from first principles. The geometry of the past light-cone is accounted for by constructing the total weak-lensing signal from contributions of the matter density in thin disc slices. The prediction of this model is successfully tested against numerical simulation with ray-tracing, and found to be accurate within at least 5 per cent in the tails at redshift 1 and opening angle of 10 arcmin and even more so with increasing source redshift and opening angle. An accurate analytical approximation to the theory is also provided for practical implementation. The lensing kernel that mixes physical scales along the line of sight tends to reduce the domain of validity of this theoretical approach compared to the three-dimensional case of cosmic densities in spherical cells. This effect is shown to be avoidable if a nulling procedure is implemented in order to localize the lensing line-of-sight integrations in a tomographic analysis. Accuracy in the tails is thus achieved within a per cent for source redshifts between 0.5 and 1.5 and an opening angle of 10 arcmin. Applications to future weak-lensing surveys like Euclid and the specific issue of shape noise are discussed.
Channels for streaming instability in dusty discs
Authors: Jaupart Etienne , Laibe Guillaume 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Streaming instability is a privileged channel to bridge the gap between collisional growth of dust grains and planetesimal formation triggered by gravity. This instability is thought to develop through its secular mode, which is long-time growing and may not develop easily in real discs. We address this point by revisiting its perturbation analysis. A third-order expansion with respect to the Stokes number reveals important features overlooked so far. The secular mode can be stable. Epicycles can be unstable, more resistant to viscosity, and are identified by Green’s function analysis as promising channels for planetesimals formation.
Population synthesis of black hole binary mergers from star clusters
Authors: Antonini Fabio , Gieles Mark 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Black hole (BH) binary mergers formed through dynamical interactions in dense star clusters are believed to be one of the main sources of gravitational waves (GWs) for Advanced LIGO and Virgo. Here, we present a fast numerical method for simulating the evolution of star clusters with BHs, including a model for the dynamical formation and merger of BH binaries. Our method is based on Hénon’s principle of balanced evolution, according to which the flow of energy within a cluster must be balanced by the energy production inside its core. Because the heat production in the core is powered by the BHs, one can then link the evolution of the cluster to the evolution of its BH population. This allows us to construct evolutionary tracks of the cluster properties including its BH population and its effect on the cluster and, at the same time, determine the merger rate of BH binaries as well as their eccentricity distributions. The model is publicly available and includes the effects of a BH mass spectrum, mass-loss due to stellar evolution, the ejection of BHs due to natal and dynamical kicks, and relativistic corrections during binary–single encounters. We validate our method using direct N-body simulations, and find it to be in excellent agreement with results from recent Monte Carlo models of globular clusters. This establishes our new method as a robust tool for the study of BH dynamics in star clusters and the modelling of GW sources produced in these systems. Finally, we compute the rate and eccentricity distributions of merging BH binaries for a wide range of cluster initial conditions, spanning more than two orders of magnitude in mass and radius.
Simulations of the star-forming molecular gas in an interacting M51-like galaxy
Authors: Tress Robin G , Smith Rowan J , Sormani Mattia C , Glover Simon C O , Klessen Ralf S , Mac Low Mordecai-Mark , Clark Paul C 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We present here the first of a series of papers aimed at better understanding the evolution and properties of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in a galactic context. We perform high-resolution, three-dimensional arepo simulations of an interacting galaxy inspired by the well-observed M51 galaxy. Our fiducial simulations include a non-equilibrium, time-dependent, chemical network that follows the evolution of atomic and molecular hydrogen as well as carbon and oxygen self-consistently. Our calculations also treat gas self-gravity and subsequent star formation (described by sink particles), and coupled supernova feedback. In the densest parts of the simulated interstellar medium (ISM), we reach sub-parsec resolution, granting us the ability to resolve individual GMCs and their formation and destruction self-consistently throughout the galaxy. In this initial work, we focus on the general properties of the ISM with a particular focus on the cold star-forming gas. We discuss the role of the interaction with the companion galaxy in generating cold molecular gas and controlling stellar birth. We find that while the interaction drives large-scale gas flows and induces spiral arms in the galaxy, it is of secondary importance in determining gas fractions in the different ISM phases and the overall star formation rate. The behaviour of the gas on small GMC scales instead is mostly controlled by the self-regulating property of the ISM driven by coupled feedback.
Digital Humanities
Authors: Robertson Stephen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Legal scholarship has its own distinctive place in the different disciplinary responses to digital humanities. It has long relied on databases of digitized sources and consequently on search as a research methodology. Computational tools provide means of addressing the limitations of search. This chapter surveys the use of computational tools to identify patterns of word use and borrowing and the diffusion of concepts in legal texts, to construct networks of relationships in texts and between individuals, to visualize spatial information, and to create 3D models of objects and structure as methods for both discovery and interpretation. These digital methods raise epistemological questions about how to address different questions and various kinds of sources, and what evidence is needed to support particular claims. Computational analysis expands the scale of the analysis, and the level of detail and context, making it possible to systematically explore claims about what is typical and representative and the periodization of historical discourses. Network graphs and maps visualize and measure relationships and spatial patterns in ways that capture a degree of complexity beyond what can be rendered in narrative. The implication of digital humanities for all humanities scholars is that we must look anew at our practices of research and analysis and critically reevaluate the nature and scope of the interpretative claims that we make.
Spacetime in/and Law
Authors: Valverde Mariana 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Philosophers have explored the varying temporalities that different legal systems and techniques utilize or construct. Recently, a lively literature on law, space, and regulation has also flourished, mainly among geographers and urban studies scholars. While legal temporalities and legal spaces or spatializations are often discussed separately, in large part due to disciplinary barriers, this chapter shows that it is more appropriate to think about the “spacetime” of law and legal processes rather than engage only with either temporality or space.
Intellectual Property’s Queer Turn
Authors: Gilden Andrew 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Intellectual property is getting queerer. Although intellectual property is most often associated with theories of economic rationality or romantic individualism, there are increasingly prominent strands of IP theory that reflect the insights of queer theory. Although IP and queer theory are rarely in direct conversation, this chapter shows several nascent intersections between these two fields, including: the cultural contingency of creativity, the unpredictable trajectories of social regulation, and the co-constitutive nature of intellectual life and material culture. IP theory increasingly understands that the cultural discourse shapes the distribution of wealth, happiness, and political power in the physical world, and vice versa. This chapter emphasizes both the broad sociocultural implications of IP’s regulatory interventions and the underappreciated jurisprudential value of queer theory.
Form Contract
Authors: Kastner Tal 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In light of the tendency to view contract through a lens of free will and agreement, this chapter approaches contract from the vantage point of standard form agreements. Drawing on empirical studies, behavioral psychology, law and economics contract scholarship, critical legal studies, legal history, and literary theory, it counters the prevailing view of standard terms as the exceptional case of contract. Through the lens of deconstruction, the chapter highlights the contextual contingency of standard form and refracts the presumptions in society and law concerning the allocation of resources. It identifies how the contemporary proliferation and routine enforcement of ancillary terms such as arbitration provisions in the current day epitomize how contract serves as a tool to leverage power. Examining form-contract scholarship and case law, the chapter reveals the expressive possibility of standard form in American law. It shows how the phenomenon of boilerplate exemplifies the process by which contract language serves to manifest agreement, shaping an understanding of freedom. The chapter extends the insights of legal history concerning the limits of contract freedom in the nineteenth century. In doing so, it draws on American literature to illustrate a changing paradigm of freedom—from wage labor to real estate development to consumption—and the attendant allocation of resources that shape voluntary exchange. By virtue of boilerplate’s contextual contingency, this deconstructive perspective reveals the potential to redistribute resources through standard form contract, and thereby not only create value but shape social norms.
Accident
Authors: Williams Daniel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This chapter explores some legal and literary ramifications of “accident” in British law and society from the late eighteenth through the early twentieth century. This period saw changes in common law and legislation relating to accidents, including the emergence of negligence as a distinct tort and statutory provisions for employer liability and workplace compensation. The chapter turns on the institution of the deodand, a common-law rule that allowed inquest juries to assess liability for accidental deaths caused by non-humans. After such entities began to include industrial machines, the deodand was abolished by Parliament in 1846. Examining legal-historical cases and norms alongside literary-cultural representations, the chapter claims that the deodand’s disappearance, and concurrent transition to fault liability regimes, marked a loss in the understanding of accident. If the nineteenth-century emergence of modern accident law tended to simplify accidents into surrogates for human interaction, the deodand qua institution grasped how reckoning with accidents demands an alertness to human entanglement with non-human causality. Literary representations of vehicular accidents afford a glimpse of what was coming to be lost in this changing legal-cultural dispensation. From Thomas De Quincey to Thomas Hardy to E. M. Forster, the complex non-human, material, and affective dimensions of accident dissipate into the background, where they continue to supply narrative and formal motivation even as they leave human obligations and institutions in the light.
Effect of Sleep Loss on Pain
Authors: Alexandre Chloe , Latremoliere Alban , Finan Patrick H. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
With the advent of modern lifestyles, there has been a significant extension of daily activities, mostly at the cost of sleep. Lack of sleep affects many biological systems, including various cognitive functions, the immune system, metabolism, and pain. Both sleep and pain are complex neurological processes that encompass many dynamic components. As a result, defining the precise interactions between these two systems represents a challenge, especially for chronic paradigms. This chapter describes how sleep is measured and how it can be experimentally altered in humans and animal models, and, in turn, how sleep disturbances, either acute or chronic, can affect different aspects of pain. Possible mechanisms involved are discussed, including an increase in inflammatory processes, a loss of nociceptive inhibitory pathways, and a defect in the cognitive processing of noxious inputs.
Clinical and Scintigraphic Predictors of Primary Lower Limb Lymphedema-Volume Reduction During Complete Decongestive Physical Therapy
Authors: Vignes Stéphane , Simon Laura , Benoughidane Bani , Simon Magali , Fourgeaud Caroline 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Primary lower limb lymphedema is a chronic debilitating disorder without curative treatment. The initial treatment phase is dedicated to reducing lymphedema volume, whereas the second aims to stabilize that volume.

Objective
The objective of this study was to analyze clinical and lymphoscintigraphic characteristics during complete decongestive physical therapy as predictors of primary unilateral lower limb lymphedema-volume reduction.

Design
This observational, retrospective study included 222 consecutive patients (January 2009–January 2017; median age: 45.8 years) with lymphedema affecting the entire lower limb, who received complete decongestive physical therapy for the first time in a specialized lymphedema management center.

Methods
Complete decongestive physical therapy consisted of low-stretch bandaging, manual lymph drainage, exercises, and skin care for all patients. Lymphoscintigraphy preceded treatment.

Results
Median lymphedema evolution was 73 months, and median excess volume was 34%. Median (interquartile range) lymphedema volumes were 2845 (1038–3487) mL before and 1276 (601–2195) mL after a median of 11 days of complete decongestive physical therapy, with 34% median reduction. Multivariate analyses retained age, body mass index &gt;40 kg/m2, and previous cellulitis, as independently associated with lymphedema volume reduction. For each additional year of age, volume reduction increased 0.16%. Unexpectedly, log-transformed initial lymphedema volumes indicated a negative impact, that is, 4.95%, for each log-unit gain. Patients with previous cellulitis episode(s) obtained 6.9% and those with BMI &gt;40 kg/m2 17.1% higher lymphedema volume reductions. Lower limb lymphoscintigraphy was available for 150 (67.6%) patients. Having dermal back flow was associated with greater lymphedema volume reduction than not (respectively, 39% vs 31%).

Limitations
This study was retrospective, and only 67.6% of patients underwent lymphoscintigraphy.

Conclusion
Our analysis identified clinical and scintigraphic predictors of primary lymphedema volume reduction for patients with unilateral disease. Lymphoscintigraphy helps confirm lymphedema and predict volume reduction. Further study is required to confirm these observations.
PSEUDO-3D IMRT VERIFICATION WITH EBT3 RADIOCHROMIC FILM
Authors: Hanušová Tereza , Horáková Ivana , Koniarová Irena 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This work proposes a new method for pseudo-3D verification of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) dose distributions. Unlike commercial solutions, it uses measured doses only for gamma evaluation. Its resolution is far better than with electronic detectors within the measured plane and comparable in other directions. It is readily available at clinics because it uses existing resources—a slab phantom and EBT3 films. The method was tested on six IMRT clinical cases. An in-house code for 2D and pseudo-3D gamma analysis was written in MATLAB and compared to OmniPro I’mRT.
Instagram’s #JUUL: who’s posting what
Authors: Chu Kar-Hai , Matheny Sara J , Sidani Jaime E , Allem Jon-Patrick , Unger Jennifer B , Cruz Tess Boley 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Exposure to e-cigarette (e-cig) marketing through traditional and online media can increase the risk of e-cig use among adolescents. Though popular e-cig brand JUUL has scaled back its social media promotions, outside vendors and individual users create posts about JUUL unregulated. Instagram’s image-focus offers an opportunity to document promotions that may appeal to adolescents. To assess the visual representation of JUUL on social media, we systematically classified discussion topics and themes of posts to Instagram. Of 25,428 unique Instagram images using the hashtag #JUUL retrieved between June 18 and July 18, 2018, a random subsample of 3,000 images (approximately 12% of the full data set) was drawn for human coding and analyses. Coded categories included relevance to JUUL, type of image, image appeal, and user type. Based on the number of relevant images, percentages of image type and appeal for each user type were calculated. There were 583 images that were coded as relevant. The majority of image types (64%) were classified as product (n =; 374). The most frequently coded type of appeal was flavors, found in 54% of images with appeal (n =; 149), followed by cartoons, found in 21% (n =; 57). Vendors were responsible for posting most of the images (n =; 291), followed by e-cig enthusiasts (n =; 99). Continued surveillance of e-cig products, such as JUUL, remains necessary to provide a foundation for potential regulatory protections against marketing and promotions that may appeal to youth.