bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey on deep learning-based algorithms for the traveling salesman problem
Authors: Sui Jingyan , Ding Shizhe , Huang Xulin , Yu Yue , Liu Ruizhi , Xia Boyang , Ding Zhenxin , Xu Liming , Zhang Haicang , Yu Chungong , Bu Dongbo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis paper presents an overview of deep learning (DL)-based algorithms designed for solving the traveling salesman problem (TSP), categorizing them into four categories: end-to-end construction algorithms, end-to-end improvement algorithms, direct hybrid algorithms, and large language model (LLM)-based hybrid algorithms. We introduce the principles and methodologies of these algorithms, outlining their strengths and limitations through experimental comparisons. End-to-end construction algorithms employ neural networks to generate solutions from scratch, demonstrating rapid solving speed but often yielding subpar solutions. Conversely, end-to-end improvement algorithms iteratively refine initial solutions, achieving higher-quality outcomes but necessitating longer computation times. Direct hybrid algorithms directly integrate deep learning with heuristic algorithms, showcasing robust solving performance and generalization capability. LLM-based hybrid algorithms leverage LLMs to autonomously generate and refine heuristics, showing promising performance despite being in early developmental stages. In the future, further integration of deep learning techniques, particularly LLMs, with heuristic algorithms and advancements in interpretability and generalization will be pivotal trends in TSP algorithm design. These endeavors aim to tackle larger and more complex real-world instances while enhancing algorithm reliability and practicality. This paper offers insights into the evolving landscape of DL-based TSP solving algorithms and provides a perspective for future research directions.
Schwerpunkt: Wahljahr 2024
Authors: Schäfer Karsten 
Published: December 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Wahljahr 2024 ist ein bedeutsames. Mit der Europawahl im Juni sowie den drei Landtagswahlen in Sachsen, Thüringen und Brandenburg im September fanden vier Wahlen statt, aus denen sich Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich der sich wandelnden Parteienwettbewerbsstrukturen in Deutschland gewinnen lassen. Der vorliegende ZPol-Focus liefert Analysen und Befunde zu den genannten Wahlen und setzt sich außerdem mit den Folgen der Wahlergebnisse auseinander.
Recent Advances in Electrodeposition of Nickel-Based Nanocomposites Enhanced with Lubricating Nanoparticles
Authors: Guan Tianyu , Zhang Nan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRecently, nanomaterials such as graphene, polytetrafluoroethylene, WS2, and MoS2 have emerged as pioneering additives and fillers in metal nanocomposite electrodeposition, offering innovative solutions for lubrication and tribological enhancement. Electrodeposition, known for its high efficiency, reliability, operational simplicity, and cost-effectiveness, has become a preferred method for the protection of industrial components from excessive wear or abrasion. In particular, nickel (Ni) matrix composites fabricated via electrodeposition function as an environmentally friendly substitute for coatings such as hard chromium. These Ni-based composites exhibit multifunctional properties, including enhanced hardness, modified surface wettability, improved anti-friction/wear performance, and lubrication properties. This review begins by explaining the principles and mechanisms of electrodeposition, along with the chemical structures and properties of lubricating nanoparticles. It discusses dispersion methodologies of these nanoparticles in the electrolyte solution to address aggregation problems. In addition, it introduces codeposition models for Ni/nanomaterials and examines the key parameters that influence this codeposition process. This review systematically explores the mechanical properties, tribological performance, and surface wettability of resulting Ni-based nanocomposites, along with their potential applications and practical advantages. Finally, it discusses the opportunities and challenges associated with nanomaterial-enhanced metal composites, aiming to introduce new avenues for their utilization in electrodeposition.
Investigation on microstructure, mechanical properties, and tribological behaviors of spray-formed high-vanadium high-speed steel after heat treatment
Authors: Wang Yujie , Xia Haochun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA spray-formed high-vanadium high-speed steel (HVHSS) was subjected to various heat treatment procedures, and the resulting microstructural evolution and mechanical properties were thoroughly investigated. Additionally, the influence of applied loads on the tribological behavior of HVHSS was examined. The experimental results showed that the microhardness and bending strength of HVHSS initially increased and then decreased with rising quenching temperatures, reaching their maximum values at 1150 °C. In contrast, impact toughness exhibited a steady decline. Wear tests indicated that higher applied loads resulted in larger wear volumes and specific wear rates, although the coefficient of friction decreased. Using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF–SIMS), the wear mechanisms of HVHSS were identified as abrasive wear, adhesive wear, and mild oxidative wear. These findings provide valuable insights into the composition design, post-heat treatment processes, and anti-wear behavior mechanisms of spray-formed HVHSS.
Qualitative screening of emerging contaminants in urban and natural waters of Mangaung District of the Free State province of South Africa
Authors: Oke Saheed Adeyinka , Mugudamani Innocent , Kemp Gabre 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChemicals enable the development of new technologies while also raising living standards and quality of life. Although chemicals are used in many aspects of daily life, such as the advance of innovative technologies and the improvement of living values, many of them are discharged into the aqueous environment which may lead to negative environmental health effects such as endocrine disorders, reduced reproductive rates, reduced life expectancy and insomnia. In this study, a high performance liquid chromatography connected to hybrid triple quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer was used for qualitative non-target screening of emerging contaminants in water sources. The analytes were detected in five rivers, five dams, three wastewater treatment works and two drinking water treatment plants. The qualitative screening of emerging contaminants in these urban and natural water sources revealed 32 analytes under pharmaceutical and pesticide groups. From these groups, stimulants and herbicides were the most dominant. Among the analytes found in urban and natural waters of Mangaung District, three stimulants (ephedrine, nicotine, and metformin) and two herbicides (terbuthylazine, and sebuthylazine) were mostly detected. High number of these analytes (diphenhydramine, orphenadrine, cyclicine, paracetamol, sulfamethoxazol, metformin, bezafibrate, lamivudine, THC-COOH, methamphetamine, nicotine, ephedrine, theophylline, hordenine, sebuthylazine, atrazine, simazine, terbuthylazine, metolachlor, carbendazim, diazinon, and simazine) was observed in river samples and least in treated drinking water. Most notable was the detection of terbuthylazine in all samples collected in dams, effluent and treated drinking water. The ubiquitous presence of terbuthylazine in water sources may possibly lead to some environmental health risks. The findings of this study may be used for target analysis of these chemicals in future monitoring and risk assessment studies in the Free State region, where emerging contaminants research is limited. Furthermore, it may assist water managers and policymakers in assessing water quality and managing pollution more effectively.
Corrosion inhibition potential of aqueous extract of Trifolium repens plant leaves on carbon steel in hydrochloric acid medium (TRPL)
Authors: Banumathi R. , Abuthahir S. S. Syed , Sheit H. Mohamed Kasim , Mohan K. S. , Mohandas T. , Vijaya K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis research explores the effectiveness of a liquid extract derived from the leaves of Trifolium repens as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in a 1N hydrochloric acid environment. Corrosion poses significant challenges in industrial applications, and this study aims to provide an eco-friendly solution by leveraging plant extracts. The experiment demonstrated that the application of the Trifolium repens extract substantially reduced the weight loss of carbon steel, indicating its efficacy in mitigating corrosion. Inhibition efficiency was quantified through systematic weight loss measurements, revealing a clear inverse relationship between the concentration of the extract and the corrosion rate. As the concentration of the inhibitor increased, the rate of corrosion correspondingly decreased, underscoring the extract's potential for effective corrosion prevention. The mechanism of inhibition was further elucidated through electrochemical techniques. Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) tests and alternating current impedance spectroscopy were employed to assess the electrochemical behaviour of carbon steel in the presence of the extract. These analyses confirmed the formation of a protective layer on the steel surface, which effectively blocks active corrosion sites, thereby enhancing the material's resistance to acidic attack. To gain deeper insights into the surface modifications caused by the inhibitor, the surface characteristics of the carbon steel samples were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This technique allowed for the observation of differences in morphology between unprotected, corroded, and inhibited steel surfaces. Additionally, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was utilized to evaluate the roughness of the surface layer, providing quantitative data on the changes induced by the inhibition process. Overall, the findings indicate that the Trifolium repens extract not only acts as a potent corrosion inhibitor but also contributes to the formation of a protective barrier on carbon steel, thereby extending its lifespan in corrosive environments. This study highlights the potential for utilizing natural extracts as sustainable alternatives for corrosion prevention in industrial applications.
Rediscovering Bernard and Cannon: Restoring the Broader Vision of Homeostasis Eclipsed by the Cyberneticists
Authors: Bechtel William , Bich Leonardo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Since Cannon, inspired by Bernard’s discussion of the conditions required for free and independent life, introduced the term homeostasis, many have embraced it as the main theoretical principle guiding physiology and medicine. Nonetheless, critics have argued that homeostasis is too limiting and have advanced a variety of alternative concepts such as heterostasis, rheostasis, and allostasis. We argue that the critics target a much narrower understanding of homeostasis put forward by the cyberneticists and that Bernard and Cannon embraced a far broader understanding that can accommodate the alternatives advanced by the critics and provide an integrated theoretical framework for physiology.
Growth analysis of cassava genotypes planted under irrigation management practices during the early growth phase
Authors: Ruangyos Chanissara , Banterng Poramate , Vorasoot Nimitr , Jogloy Sanun , Theerakulpisut Piyada , Vongcharoen Kochaphan , Hoogenboom Gerrit 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNew information on the growth analysis for different cassava genotypes grown under different irrigation managements during the early growth phase could support decision-making to improve crop productivity. This study aimed to determine the performance of 20 cassava genotypes grown under different irrigation management practices during the early growth phase. A strip-plot design with four replications was used during two growing seasons (2019/2020 and 2020/2021). Three levels of irrigation from 30 to 180 days after planting (DAP) were assigned as factor A (W1 = 100%, W2 = 60% and W3 = 20% of the crop water requirement), whereas 20 cassava genotypes were assigned as factor B. Crop data were recorded on SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR), specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area index (LAI) at 180 and 330 DAP, relative growth rate (RGR) from 180 to 330 DAP and harvest index (HI) at 330 DAP. The genotypes CMR36-31-381 and Huay Bong 90 had high values of HI, indicating a good partitioning of photosynthate to the storage root. These two genotypes also showed superior performances in terms of SCMR, SLA and RGR inW2 and W3 treatments when compared to the other genotypes. They also had LAI values within the optimum range during the period of maximum canopy size. Therefore, the genotypes CMR36-31-381 and Huay Bong 90 could be used as genetic resources to improve cassava productivity under different irrigation levels.
Phylogenetic study of the Cladonia cervicornis group (Cladoniaceae, Lecanorales) discloses a new species, Cladonia teuvoana
Authors: Pino-Bodas Raquel , Herrero Alberto , Aptroot André , Søchting Ulrik , McMullin Richard Troy , Burgaz Ana Rosa 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Cladonia cervicornis group comprises lichen-forming fungi characterized by having scyphi with central proliferations. It includes c. 20 species globally. The taxonomy of this group is poorly resolved, with many species not thoroughly disentangled. The focus of this study is the European species in the C. cervicornis group. In order to estimate the phylogenetic relationships of these species, six loci were used: ITS rDNA, IGS rDNA, RPB1, RPB2, ef1α and cox1. Species delimitation methods (ASAP, PTP and GMYC) were used to infer the species boundaries based on four loci, ITS rDNA, IGS rDNA, cox1 and RPB2. A morphological analysis based on multivariate methods was performed to assess the importance of phenotypic differences among the lineages. The phylogenetic reconstructions placed the species of this group in the subclade Cladonia. Five lineages were recovered, corresponding to C. cervicornis, C. macrophyllodes, C. pulvinata, C. verticillata and a new lineage that we describe here, C. teuvoana. Our analyses revealed that Cladonia cineracea, C. stricta and C. trassii are polyphyletic.
Contributions to the knowledge of lichenicolous fungi growing on Rhizoplaca s. lat., including five new taxa and an identification key
Authors: Zhurbenko Mikhail P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSixteen species and two varieties of lichenicolous fungi are reported from Rhizoplaca s. lat. Four species and one variety are described as new to science: Caeruleoconidia ahtii Zhurb. (on Rhizoplaca s. str.), with hyaline to pale greyish turquoise, comparatively large conidia; Cercidospora mongolica Zhurb. & Cl. Roux (on Rhizoplaca s. str.), with a reddish brown (above) to pale brownish grey to colourless (below) exciple, mostly 4-spored asci, and (0‒)1(‒2)-septate ascospores, mostly 23‒28.5 μm long; C. tyanshanica Zhurb. & Cl. Roux (on Protoparmeliopsis and Rhizoplaca s. str.), with a uniformly grey exciple, mostly 4-spored asci, and (0‒)1(‒2)-septate ascospores, mostly 25.5‒31.5 μm long; Stigmidium pseudosquamariae Zhurb. (on Protoparmeliopsis), inducing brown cerebriform galls, with consistently immersed ascomata and well-developed pseudoparaphyses of type b sensu Roux & Triebel (1994); and Arthonia clemens var. peltatae Zhurb. (on Protoparmeliopsis), with a brown epihymenium without grey shade. An unidentified species of Leptosphaeria growing on Protoparmeliopsis peltata, and Lichenostigma cf. chlaroterae growing on P. peltata and Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca are briefly characterized. Arthonia clemens is newly reported for Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in Russia; Cercidospora melanophthalmae is new to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Mongolia; Didymocyrtis rhizoplacae is new to Russia; Lichenoconium lecanorae and Muellerella erratica are new to Kyrgyzstan; Stigmidium squamariae s. lat. is new to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan. Didymocyrtis rhizoplacae is documented for the first time on Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans, and Pyrenidium actinellum s. lat. on Protoparmeliopsis. A key to 36 species of lichenicolous fungi and lichens known to occur on Rhizoplaca s. lat. is provided.
Genome-wide assessment of putative endemism and phylogeography of Cladonia sandstedei (Ascomycota: Cladoniaceae) in the Caribbean
Authors: Mercado-Díaz Joel A. , Grewe Felix , Lücking Robert , Moncada Bibiana , Rivera-Queralta Yoira , Motito-Marín Ángel , Lumbsch H. Thorsten 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCladonia sandstedei forms cushion-shaped lichens that colonize open environments and is distributed throughout the Caribbean and the south-eastern United States. It co-occurs in parts of its range with C. subtenuis, a morphologically similar taxon that is distinguished from the former by the presence of usnic acid. Preliminary phylogenetic analysis with the RPB2 and TEF-1α loci revealed that these taxa were closely related, but relationships were inconsistent among markers. Here, we combined phylogenetic and population genomic analyses based on RADseq data to clarify the evolutionary relationships and phylogeography of these taxa. Both approaches indicate that the taxa cannot be separated based on secondary metabolites, as previously proposed, but instead form a complex composed of several lineages, largely unrelated to chemistry but with a strong geographical structure in their genetic variation. Continental populations formerly separated under the names C. sandstedei and C. subtenuis were closely related to each other. A similar pattern was observed in the Jamaican counterparts of these taxa, suggesting homoplasy of secondary chemistry. Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) hinted at potential conspecificity between populations in Cuba and Puerto Rico on one hand, and between Jamaica and the continental US on the other; however, phylogenetic analysis and other population-level analyses (PCA and fineRADstructure) suggested that both insular and continental populations were more likely to be reproductively isolated from each other. Based on this, we propose to recognize only one species for the entire complex, under the older name C. sandstedei, with the four spatially structured clades as subspecies: C. sandstedei subsp. sandstedei (restricted to Jamaica) and C. sandstedei subsp. subtenuis comb. nov. (restricted to continental North America) exhibit several chemosyndromes variably containing usnic acid and/or atranorin. The two additional subspecies described here as new, C. sandstedei subsp. cubana and C. sandstedei subsp. landroniana, exhibit the atranorin chemosyndrome and are restricted to Cuba and Puerto Rico, respectively. Our work reaffirms the power of combining RADseq-based phylogenetics and population genetics to disentangle taxonomic and evolutionary histories in poorly understood, closely related and phenotypically similar lichen-forming fungal species.
Biodiversity and distribution of sea anemones (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Actiniaria) in Peru
Authors: Durand Allison , Valdivia-Chávez Deysi , Aramayo Víctor 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Sea anemones represent a highly abundant and diverse group within marine ecosystems, yet biodiversity analyses in Peru remain comparatively scarce. To enhance the inventory of biodiversity and its distribution, a comprehensive review of the available literature on species from Peruvian waters was performed. Only seven well-documented species (i.e. verified records) were found representing 31.8% of the total species reported in Peru (22 spp.) These seven species are Anthothoe chilensis, Phymactis papillosa (formerly reported as P. clematis), Phymanthea pluvia, Oulactis concinnata, Antholoba achates, Anemonia alicemartinae and Oulactis coliumensis. Overall, specimens were identified in 68 localities, the Actiniidae family exhibited the highest diversity with five species (71.4% of the total), whereas Actinostolidae and Sagartiidae each contributed one species (14.3%). The highest number of scientific publications (18) corresponds to the Lima region, with over twice as many studies as other regions, it is followed by Ica (8), Áncash (7), La Libertad (6), Tumbes (5), Piura (4), Arequipa (3), Tacna (2), Moquegua (1) and Lambayeque (1). However, the studied localities are unevenly distributed across regions. Rocky substrata (~55% of records) are the most reported habitat for sea anemones in Peru, including exposed vertical walls and sheltered crevices, caves and areas under rocks. Despite wide spatial distribution, our results indicate several under-researched regions. The growing interest in these benthic invertebrates over recent decades has revealed over 50% of reported biodiversity, yet many doubts about species described long ago remain. Potential biases in existing data require identification along with further analysis of environmental information.
Linguistic complexity in second language writing: Insight from studies on task planning
Authors: Johnson Mark D. , Abdi Tabari Mahmoud 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Task planning and its effect on the complexity of second language (L2) written production have been studied extensively. However, the results of these studies are inconclusive, and at times contradictory, potentially as a result of variation in metrics of linguistic complexity. This study is an extension of earlier research syntheses and quantitative meta-analyses on the effects of planning on oral and written L2 production. It examines the identification and selection of linguistic complexity metrics in previous research on planning and its subsequent effects on the linguistic complexity of written L2 production. This research-focused synthesis of studies surveys construct definitions and operational definitions of linguistic complexity in the research domain and provides an overview of rationales for metric selection in the included studies. Methodological implications for future research are discussed in light of the findings.
A review of methods for mapping 3D rotations to one-dimensional planar rotations: analysis, comparison, and a novel efficient Quaternion-based approach
Authors: Ghiassi Mehdi , Kecskeméthy Andrés 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In numerous applications, extracting a single rotation component (termed “planar rotation”) from a 3D rotation is of significant interest. In biomechanics, for example, the analysis of joint angles within anatomical planes offers better clinical interpretability than spatial rotations. Moreover, in parallel kinematics robotic machines, unwished rotations about an axis – termed “parasitic motions” – need to be excluded. However, due to the non-Abelian nature of spatial rotations, these components cannot be extracted by simple projections as in a vector space. Despite extensive discussion in the literature about the non-uniqueness and distortion of the results due to the nonlinearity of the SO(3) group, they continue to be used due to the absence of alternatives. This paper reviews the existing methods for planar-rotation extraction from 3D rotations, showing their similarities and differences as well as inconsistencies by mathematical analysis as well as two application cases, one of them from biomechanics (flexural knee angle in the sagittal plane). Moreover, a novel, simple, and efficient method based on a pseudo-projection of the Quaternion rotation vector is introduced, which circumvents the ambiguity and distortion problems of existing approaches. In this respect, a novel method for determining the orientation of a box from camera recordings based on a two-plane projection is also proposed, which yields more precise results than the existing Perspective 3-Point Problem from the literature. This paper focuses exclusively on the case of finite rotations, as infinitesimal rotations within a single plane are non-holonomic and, through integration, produce rotation components orthogonal to the plane.