bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of glutathione in detoxification of chromate by Hansenula (Ogataea) polymorpha yeast
Authors: Fedorovych D. V. , Yurkiv M. T. , Kolodii O. M. , Kurylenko O. O. , Grabek-Lejko D. , Sibirny A. A. 
Published: July 2020

Aim. Chromate is very toxic, displays mutagenic and carcinogenic activity and its pollution poses a serious environment problem. The development of efficient methods for detoxification of this oxyanion is of great importance. For microbial cells, it is known that chromate transported in cells can be reduced to less toxic Cr3+. The most powerful chromate reductants could be glutathione (GSH) or cysteine. The role of GSH in detoxification of chromate by the yeast Hansenula polymorpha was evaluated. Methods. For this purpose recombinant strains with overexpressed GSH2 and MET4 genes and mutant defective in GSH biosynthesis were used. Profiles of GSH and chromium contents as well as rate of reduction of chromate were studied in relation to chromate resistance/sensitivity of the wild- type and mutant yeast strains. Results. High level of GSH in recombinant strains of H. polymorpha slightly changed the sensitivity/tolerance to chromate, but increased the rate of reduction of Cr6+ and reduces the amount of chromium accumulated in the cells. Deletion of GSH2 gene, encoding the enzyme of the first reaction of GSH synthesis, leads to increased sensitivity to the action of chromate. Conclusions. GSH can be considered as an important part of chromate detoxification system in H. polymorpha.
Keywords: glutathione, chromium, yeast, chromate reduction, Hansenula (Ogataea) polymorpha.
Realizing the genetic potential of the productivity of wheat varieties of different type of development under various growing conditions
Authors: Bazalii V. V. , Boichuk I. V. , Babenko D. B. , Lavrynenko Yu. O. , Bazalii G. G. 
Published: July 2020

Aim. The cultivation of wheat varieties of varying intensity, genetically and biologically diverse, allows us to make more efficient use of the agro-climatic potential of each zone, each field, and ultimately to increase productivity and stabilize gross grain yields. Methods. The parameters of plasticity and stability of yield were determined according to the methodological guidelines of Eberhart S.A., Russell W.A.; variance analysis of the experimental data was carried out based on the methodological recommendations of Litun P.P. et al. Results. Analyzing the nature of yield formation in spring-winter varieties under spring seeding times it is necessary to note their possible use only during ‘February windows’ and not later than the first ten days of March. Klarisa and Solomiia wheat varieties of the alternative type formed consistently high yields under later seeding dates, exceeding the average yield of ‘typical’ winter wheat variety Driada 1 by 1.26 t/ha. Conclusions. The use of the available varietal composition of wheat under specific agrotechnical conditions and introduction of the alternative type of wheat will certainly contribute to enhancing the competitive ability of this crop.Keywords: spring-winter variety, plasticity, stability, variability, yield.
Expression analysis of alpha-tubulin genes during cold acclimation in winter wheat Demetra
Authors: Bui D. D. , Demkovych A. Ye. , Pirko Ya. V. , Blume Ya. B. 
Published: July 2020

Aim. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) display significant increase in freezing tolerance during a period of cold acclimation (CA). Functions and regulations unraveling of CA-associated genes can help in cold-resistant cultivars receiving using biotechnology methods. Cytoskeleton reorganization is an important element of the cold resistance mechanism associated with tubulin expression level alterations. Methods. Cold acclimation during 28 days was carried out. The expression level of 15 members of alpha-tubulin genes was measured using RT Real-time PCR with specific primers. Results. Similar patterns of expression alterations were observed within subfamilies. The highest levels of expression were recorded for the fourth subfamily members (Tuba_4-1, 4-2, 4-3) and Tuba_2-3 gene. These 4 alpha-tubulin genes may be involved in the vital functions maintenance during the first days of the low temperature influence. Conclusions. It is likely that four of the fifteen genes are related to cold tolerance mechanisms since they have significantly higher expression levels during cold acclimation.
Keywords: Triticum aestivum, winter wheat, tubulin, cold acclimation.
The apical dominance in winter wheat
Authors: Zhuk O. I. 
Published: July 2020

Aim. The aim of this work was to study the influence of apical dominance in winter wheat on stem growth and productivity. Methods. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars ‘Podolyanka’ and ‘Pridniprovska’, ‘Novokievska’ were grown on mixture of soil and sand in pots with capacity of 7.5 kg. Optimal plant mineral nutrition was N160 P160 K160. The stem growth was measured. After ear maturing the quantity of grains in ear, and mass of 1000 grains were measured. Results were statistically analyzed with ANOVA. Results. The length of winter wheat stems and grain quantity in ear of main and lateral stems were studied under optimal mineral nutrition. The highest number of grains was detected in main stems. The tillers had less quantity of grains than main stems. The wheat cv. ‘Novokievska’ was more productive than cv. ‘Podolyanka’ and ‘Pridniprovska’. Conclusions. It is shown that the main stem is dominant over lateral stems of winter wheat cultivars ‘Podolyanka’ and ‘Pridniprovska’, ‘Novokievska’.
Keywords: Triticum aestivum, winter wheat, grain, stem, apical dominance.
Correlations and path analysis of yield components in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties
Authors: Kozachenko M. R. , Kompanets K. V. , Sviatchenko S. I. 
Published: July 2020

Aim. The aim of research was to determine pair correlation and path coefficients of traits and to identify on their basis contributions of different quantitative traits in the main feature – ‘grain yield. Methods. Eleven 11 spring barley varieties were investigated: ‘Dzherelo’, ‘Zvershennia’, ‘Etyket’, ‘Badioryy’, ‘Vzirets’, ‘Hranal’, ‘Modern’, ‘Vitrazh’, ‘Pasadena’, ‘Tolar’, and ‘Maliovnychyy’. We analyzed 50 plants of each variety for 11 quantitative traits. The pair correlation coefficients between quantitative traits were calculated by the BA Dospehov method; path analysis was conducted as AI Sedlovskiy et al described by the S. Wright method. Results. Path analysis revealed that the correlation between plant traits and yield depended both on direct and on indirect effects of each trait on the yield capacity. We established causes of varying correlations between yield and other plant traits. Conclusions. Different pair correlations between yield and plant traits were found. Path analysis of the yield capacity demonstrated that the correlation values between the yield and 11 quantitative traits ambivalently depended both on direct and indirect effects of a trait on the yield and on indirect effects of other traits. The direct effect of a trait on the yield does not always unambiguously affect the pair correlation coefficient. The following traits were of the greatest breeding value: lodging resistance and grain weight/straw weight ratio.
Keywords: spring barley, varieties, yield and trait, correlation coefficient, path analysis.
Impact of storable lift of breeding material on yield and quality of sugar beet root
Authors: Polishchuk V. V. , Balabak A. F. , Polishchuk T. V. 
Published: July 2020

Aim. It is well known that the sugar beet seed during the period of storage perish or are unfitted for seeding. A lot of scientists have studied the various seed storage technologies. It was found out, that seeds with a high germinating ability, under the favorable weather conditions, stay responsible for seeding for 5–7 years. Methods. Calibrated and uncalibrated components of hybrid seed of Ukrainian ChS 72 and its hybrid seed (F1) of different storable lift (2006 crop) – the starting material for the research. The method of randomized blocks was used for placing sections according to the standard practice. Results. Upon storage and sowing uncalibrated seeds the significant production loss is observed. The seeds of CMS component and O-type are the most sensitive, the seeds of polyspermic male parent and hybrid seeds are less sensitive. It was found out that, productive properties of calibrated seeds, specifically yield capacity and sugariness, vary with shelf life. A significant difference in yield indices, depending on the size of the seed is not determined. As to the sugariness of root crop, the specified modifications are observed, depending upon seed fraction and its shelf life, but substantial and regular decline of this index is not determined. Conclusions. In the course of the research, it was found out and proved, that the duration of storage of uncalibrated seeds the significant production loss of sugar beet is observed. Therefore, in seed breeding practice it is advisable to brood the seeds calibrated and plotted out on fractions.
Keywords: sugar beets, fractions, sugariness, yield, shelf life, calibrated seeds, hybrid seeds.
Determination of allelic variants of gene Glu-1 in hybrid families, bearing gene Gpc-B1 of Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides
Authors: Pokhylko S. Yu. , Stepanenko A. I. , Dugan O. M. , Morgun B. V. 
Published: July 2020

Aim. The aim of our study was to analyze the hybrid families of generation F5 carrying gene Gpc-B1 of Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides for the allelic state of Glu-1, to calculate 1000 kernel weight and to select families with the best set of alleles and performance. Methods. Polymerase chain reaction for molecular genetic analysis and calculation of the 1,000-kernel weight for wheat grain yields were used. Results. Determination of the three loci Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1 shows that among 44 hybrid families it is possible to identify 16 most promising families that have the most valuable allelic variants. Furthemore, given the analysis of the 1,000-kernel weight, two families (#36 and 40) having the highest values can be selected among those 16 families. Conclusions. The results of study enable a comprehensive approach to the selection of progeny with the best genetic base, which will be used in breeding of soft winter wheat later on.
Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., gene Gpc-B1, Glu-1 loci, PCR, molecular markers.
Reactions of corn cell cultures during hard osmotic stresses action
Authors: Sergeeva L. E. , Dykun M. O. , Bronnikova L. I. 
Published: July 2020

Aim. There are corn cell cultures, obtained from plants of maize inbred line L-390 (control) and from T2 progeny (L-390-T) of plants transformed via in planta Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with LBA4404 strain harboring pBi2E with double-stranded RNA-suppressor of the proline dehydrogenase gene. The reactions of cell variants, cultivated under hard osmotic stress pressure were investigated. Methods. 25.0 g/l of sea water salts or 0.8 M of mannitol were added to F1 cultural medium. Corn cell variants were tested under osmotic stress pressure. The free proline and protein levels were estimated on 14-th and 34-th days of the experiment. Results. L-390-T cell cultures maintained viability and wild type cultures died at the end of experiment. The levels of free proline rose in calli tissues, cultivated on nutrition medium with the addition of mannitol or salinity. At the same time the proline levels of L-390-T cells were products of biosynthesis. While the proline content in control cultures elevated after the degradation of proline rich proteins (PRPs). Conclusions. The L-390-T high level of osmotic stress tolerance is a possible result of transgene activity.
Keywords: Zea mays, cell cultures, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation salinity, water stress, proline.
Breeding of legume crops for effective nitrogen fixation
Authors: Sichkar V. I. 
Published: July 2020

Aim. Grain legume are able to accumulate 80–220 kg/ha of nitrogen. To optimize this process we should select the complementary pairs “cultivar-strain”, which could realize their maximum genetic potentials. We studied indices of symbiosis for the use of the number of experimental strains of soybean, pea and chickpea in laboratory and field conditions. Methods. The plants grown in containers of a volume of 0.3 l without nitrogen in laboratory conditions. Field research conducted in rainfed conditions in the presence of spontaneous rhizobia in the soil. Results. Substantial variability was found for indices of the symbiosis of the interaction of different varieties of soybean, chickpea and pea with recommended and experimental strains of rhizobia. The best combination are recommended for use in different locations. Conclusions. The selected experimental strains of rhizobia, which are characterized by improved performance of the symbiosis of the varieties of soybean, chickpea and pea are recommended for using.
Keywords: rhizobium strains, nodulation, nitrogen fixation.
Physiology-genetical regulation of initial development rate in barley of autumn sowing
Authors: Stelmakh A. F. , Lynchevskyi A. A. , Fait V. I. 
Published: July 2020

Aim. Cultivars of facultative and winter barley are planted at sowing in the fall. Evaluations of their photoreaction and vernalization requirement were conducted in the breeding stocks of the Institute to understand their adaptation to winter freezing. Methods. The trait levels were valued by heading date differences at planting in natural and short photoperiods after preliminary artificial seedling vernalization of various durations. Results. Facultative stocks showed only the strong photosensitivity without any requirement in vernalization whereas winter ones revealed significant vernalization requirement followed by photoreaction of various levels. In spite of the negative correlation of studied traits in the total set, it was positive significantly in the winter set as such. Conclusions. To breed winter barley stocks of strong photo-sensitivity is really possible by combining certain alleles of Vrn(=Sh) and Ppd gene systems. However, their effects on the final productivity at planting in the certain zones with specific environmental limits need additional investigations. And molecular marking and identification of these alleles require additional discussion to form a clear view of molecular variety coincidence with phenomenological effects of concrete alleles.
Keywords: facultative and winter barley, genetic systems, photosensitivity, vernalization requirement, adaptation.
Directions of buckwheat varieties creation for cultivation in summer crops
Authors: Trotsenko V. I. , Klitsenko A. V. 
Published: July 2020

Aim. The culture of buckwheat is traditional for our country. A number of economic and social factors of the last decades caused a significant decrease of its production that led to decrease an internal consumption and export potential losses. One of the possible ways to solve this problem is expanding the range of varietal spectrum of buckwheat culture at the expense of genotypes oriented on summer (stubble) sowing with the development of appropriate cultivation technologies. The prerequisites for this are the steady tendencies to the warming climate in the traditional areas of buck-wheat cultivation. Methods. The data of buckwheat samples collection environmental testing in the northern east forest-steppe (NEFS) of Ukraine conditions has been analyzed by statistical processing analyses. Results. The general plan of works envisaged the research of the buckwheat samples collection under the analyzing background conditions, the selection of group and individual characteristics of the different genotypes by response to photoperiod; the previous evaluation of the selection directions and the effectiveness of it. Conclusions. The analysis of the growing season conditions dynamics, the interphase periods length and plants productivity of the spring and summer sowing indicates the advisability of the separate plant breeding program for creating the varietal technology for summer crops cultivation for NEFS area.
Keywords: buckwheat, variety, photoperiod, growing season length, stubble sowing.
Adaptive potential of source material for bread spring wheat breeding
Authors: Khomenko S. O. , Fedorenko I. V. , Fedorenko M. V. , Blyzniuk R. M. , Kuzmenko Ye. A. 
Published: July 2020

Aim. The research was aimed to allocate bread spring wheat lines of competitive strain testing with high adaptive potential to engage in research programs as a source material. Methods. Statistical. Results. Meteorological conditions during the period studied were contrast, which allowed to evaluate and highlight lines of bread spring wheat for adaptability. Based on the analysis of parameters of yield and its variability under the influence of environmental factors during the 2013–2015 lines with high adaptive capacity: Lutestsens 10-29, Lutestsens 11-26, Lutestsens 10-36, Erytrospermum 13-39, Lutestsens 08-26 were identified. Lines with high adaptive capacity Lutestsens 10-36, Erytrospermum 13-39, Lutestsens 08-26 was transferred to the State variety testing as Oksamyt Mironivs’kyi, MIW Oleksandra and Bozhena. Conclusions. Genotypic variability of performance elements of bread spring wheat lines of competitive strain testing was determined. The lines with high adaptive capacity were identified.
Keywords: bread spring wheat, source material, productivity, adaptability.
Multiflorous forms of soybean with long inflorescence are important source of breeding on increase of the seed productivity
Authors: Shcherbyna O. Z. , Mykhailov V. G. , Tymoshenko O. O. 
Published: July 2020

Aim. The detailed research of plant-breeding value of the synthesized multiflorous forms with long inflorescence. Methods. The field and laboratory experiments for study of quantitative signs of varieties and hybrids with the statistical processing of data. Results. Synthesized multiflorous forms of soybean were characterized by greater duration of period of vegetation (135–150 days) and high of plants (100–160 cm). On the signs of inflorescence multiflorous forms were distinguished from existent varieties by the amount of flowers in inflorescence – from 9.2 to 32.8 (at plant-breeding varieties – 2.6–5.0), long inflorescence – to 18.6 and more cm (at plant-breeding varieties are 0.3 cm to 1.8 cm). These forms were characterized by the greater amount of pods and seed from a plant, by mass of seed from a plant, and also by the greater amount of knots, amount of branches of first-order than plant-breeding varieties and numbers. The hybrids of first generation by the productivity considerably exceeded both paternal forms. Mass of seed from a plant changed from a 32.00 g to 60.61 g. On duration of period of vegetation the hybrids of first generation were inter-mediate between paternal forms. Conclusions. Multiflorous forms of soybean with long inflorescens are important source of breeding work on increase of seed productivity.
Keywords: soybean, multiflorous inflorescence, long inflorescence, varieties, hybrids.
Effects of various salt concentrations on germination of seeds and morphometric parameters of diploid wheat seedlings
Authors: Gasimova F. I. , Khanishova M. A. , Taghiyeva K. R. , Azizov I. V. 
Published: July 2020

Aim. The aim of the research was the assessment of salt-tolerance of diploid wheat genotypes Triticum monococcum and Triticum dicoccum at the grain germination stage. Methods. To determine morphometric parameters of salt tolerance of wheat varieties, seeds were germinated in a NaCl solution and in distilled water using the roll method. Screening for salt tolerance of wheat genotypes was conducted at 100, 150 and 200 mM concentrations of NaCl. Seeds were kept on wet filter paper, at 20–22 ℃ temperature, in the dark for 3 days and then germinated under 12h/12h (light/dark) photoperiod for 7 days. Results. Germination energy for Tr. monococcum was 85–50 % and for Tr. dicoccum 85–70 % under salinity. Growth dynamics of the root system of diploid wheat genotypes during 10 days showed that the growth rate declined with increasing salt concentrations, and this decline was different in the genotypes. Conclusions. The results suggest that according to the characteristics of salt tolerance of diploid wheat varieties at the germination stage Tr. monococcum is a sensitive and Tr. dicoccum, which manifested relatively high parameters, is a tolerant variety.
Keywords: wheat genotypes, Triticum monococcum, Triticum dicoccum, salt stress, germination.
Effects of SNPs CAPN316 and CAST282 on quantitative characteristics of offspring produced by dairy and beef bulls
Authors: Ruban S. Yu. , Lysenko N. G. , Mitioglo L. V. , Goraichuk I. V. , Kolesnyk A. I. , Fedota A. M. 
Published: July 2020

Aim. The aim of the study was to analyze effects of SNPs CAPN316 in CAST282 in calpain and calpastatin genes on offspring productive traits produced by dairy and beef bulls. Methods. Data on offspring productivity included milk performance traits (for dairy bulls), birth weight and average daily gain (for beef bulls). Molecular genetic analysis was performed by PCR-RFLP. χ²-, t-tests and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis at significance levels of 0.05. Results. In progeny of dairy bulls number of alleles C in both SNPs demonstrated negative correlation with milk yield (r=-0.577), fat yield (r=-0.794) and protein yield (r =-0.798). G allele of CAPN316 (“wild type”) was associated with increased number of beef bulls progeny. Body weight and average daily gain was better in GG-bulls offspring. Conclusions. C alleles of SNPs CAPN316 in CAST282 being associated with meat quality traits were found to be ineffective in selection for milk production traits.
Keywords: calpain and calpastatin genes, SNP, CAPN316, CAST282, bull’s genotype, evaluation on progeny, offspring productivity.
Effect of Rhizobium melilotti Tn5 mutant with changed lipopolysaccharides on manifestation of alfalfa mycoplasmosis
Authors: Korobkova E. S. , Zatovskaya T. V. , Patyka V. Ph. 
Published: July 2020

Aim. Improving of plant safety functions by strengthening their physiological state and assimilation of nutrients is of particular importance as environmentally sound way of reducing the harmfulness of plant mycoplasmosis. The aim was to establish the effect of rhizobia including of mutant with modified polysaccharide characteristics which enter into symbiosis with leguminous plants to the manifestation of experimental mycoplasmosis of plants in the laboratory conditions. Methods. Tn5-transposon mutagenesis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, microbiological methods, microvegetation experiment, biometric measurements. Results. From typical highly effective strain Rhizobium meliloti 425a it was obtained mutant Tb29 which differed from the parent strain on the synthesis of lipopolysaccharide. Medicago sativa plants inoculated by mutant were green and did not differ from plants with the parent strain. Acholeplasma infection of alfalfa without rhizobia treatment led to a certain stimulation of plants, that was manifested in some increasing of plant mass and size, but simultaneously causing symptoms of yellowing and leaf shape change. Conclusions. Formation of symbiotic relationships between M. sativa and R. meliloti 425a and Tb29 led to improvement of plant state and reduces the negative effect of plant pathogenic mollicute Acholeplasma laidlawii var. granulum118.
Keywords: mollicutes, plant pathogenic acholeplasma, rhizobia, mutant, lipopolysaccharides.