bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol to Monitor Long-Term Average Increased Triglycerides
Authors: Langsted Anne , Jensen Anne Marie Reimer , Varbo Anette , Nordestgaard Børge G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Context
Increased triglyceride-rich remnants represent a causal risk factor for ischemic cardiovascular disease.

Objective
We tested the hypothesis that low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol can be used to monitor long-term high triglycerides/remnant cholesterol, just as high hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) can be used to monitor long-term high glucose levels.

Design, Setting, Participants, and Interventions
We studied cross-sectionally 108 731 individuals, dynamically 1313 individuals with lipid measurement at 10 repeated visits, short-term 305 individuals during a fat load, and long-term 10 479 individuals with 2 lipid measurements 10 years apart.

Main Outcome Measures
Levels of HDL cholesterol and triglycerides.

Results
Cross-sectionally, HDL cholesterol was inversely associated with triglycerides (R2 = 0.26) and remnant cholesterol (R2 = 0.26). Dynamically, major changes in triglyceride levels from measurement to measurement were mimicked by corresponding modest changes in HDL cholesterol. In the short-term after a fat load, median triglycerides increased 96% while HDL cholesterol decreased only 1%. Long-term, in individuals with measurements 10 years apart, those who initially had the highest triglycerides and corresponding lowest HDL cholesterol, still had highest triglycerides and lowest HDL cholesterol 10 years later. Prospectively, individuals with increased triglycerides/remnant cholesterol had increased risk of myocardial infarction; however, when the HDL cholesterol monitoring was removed, increased triglycerides/remnant cholesterol were largely no longer associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction.

Conclusions
Low HDL cholesterol is a stable marker of average high triglycerides/remnant cholesterol. This suggests that low HDL cholesterol can be used to monitor long-term average high triglycerides and remnant cholesterol, analogous to high HbA1c as a long-term monitor of average high glucose levels.
Thyroid Therapy or Dysfunction in Athletes: Is it Time to Revisit the Clinical Practice Guidelines?
Authors: Austin Krista G. , Petak Steven 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Recent media have highlighted the controversy surrounding treatment of elite athletes for hypothyroidism. The World Anti-Doping Agency denied a request by the United States Anti-Doping Agency to ban the use of thyroid medication. At present, there is no scientific evidence that thyroid medication has the potential to enhance performance. Clinical practice guidelines are not definitive in regard to what classifies a patient as having hypothyroidism. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and free T4 are recommended to screen for thyroid disease; however, the thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test is still advocated by some for detecting the earliest stages of hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism has been demonstrated to reduce cardiopulmonary function and result in musculoskeletal symptoms, such as fatigue and muscle stiffness. Symptoms of hypothyroidism, including depression, fatigue, and impaired sleep, are similar to those reported in overtraining. These patients may have hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction that may complicate interpretation of basal thyroid-stimulating hormone and free T4. To date, no association has been identified between training state and hypothyroidism. Research to more clearly define hypothyroidism using provocative testing, evaluate the potential for thyroid medication to enhance performance, and examine whether training may induce hypothyroidism in athletes is desirable.
Comparing the Aerobic Fitness of Professional Male Soccer Players and Soccer Referees
Authors: Santos-Silva Paulo R. , D’Andrea Greve Júlia M. , Pedrinelli André , Almeida Adriano M. , Osorio Bruna B. , Ferreira Marcelo , Ferreira Celso 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We looked to compare the aerobic performance between professional soccer referees and players. Fifty male soccer referees and 61 male soccer players were tested on a treadmill. The referees and players possessed 15 ± 7 years and 7 ± 3 years of experience in soccer, respectively. Significant differences were observed between the referees and players with regards to: age (34.8 ± 4.6 years vs 20.8 ± 2.7 years; P < 0.001, maximum oxygen uptake (54.7 ± 5.4 mL·kg−1·min−1 vs 58.8 ± 4.4 mL·kg−1·min−1; P < 0.001), and maximal heart rate in peak exercise (184 ± 11 bpm vs 192 ± 9 bpm, P < 0.001). Less significant differences also were observed and included; running speed at the maximum oxygen uptake (16.6 ± 1 km·h−1 vs 16.4 ± 1.1 km·h−1), running speed at the ventilatory threshold (213.5 ± 1.1 km·h−1 vs 13.2 ± 0.9 km·h−1), and percentage of maximal oxygen uptake at the ventilatory threshold (285.1% ± 3.2% vs 84.1% ± 6.2%). The effect size of most comparative variables between the two groups was small (<0.6). Older elite-level soccer referees are able to reach and maintain aerobic physical fitness levels similar to professional soccer players. Aerobic physical fitness may be a measurable factor for maintaining elite-level soccer licensure rather than age alone.
... para depois dividir: notas sobre Reforma Previdenciária e assimetrias raciais no Brasil
Authors: Paixão Marcelo , Theodoro Mario 
Published: December 2019

O artigo analisa o perfil cor ou raça do público contribuinte e beneficiário da previdência social no Brasil e os efeitos da reforma previdenciária sobre as desigualdades raciais. A previdência social contribui para a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população preta e parda, especialmente através das políticas de transferência de renda para os mais pobres, do estabelecimento do piso dos proventos em um Salário Mínimo e através do regime especial de previdência para o trabalhador rural. Por outro lado, o acesso à previdência social é marcado pelas assimetrias de cor ou raça provenientes da segregação e discriminação no mercado de trabalho, pelo diferente formato da pirâmide etária de brancos e negros e tempo de sobrevida. O artigo conclui que a reforma da previdência não somente não contribui para a superação das atuais desvantagens de cor ou raça, como ainda apresenta um potencial de aprofundá-las ainda mais. Palavras-Chave: previdência social; reforma da previdência; desigualdades; cor; raça.
Política de igualdade racial na realidade cearense
Authors: Madeira Maria Zelma de Araújo 
Published: December 2019

Este artigo tem o propósito de refletir acerca das especificidades que assumem o racismo e as desigualdades raciais na cena contemporânea, bem como as estratégias adotadas para enfrentá-los no âmbito das políticas públicas, tendo como fio condutor o registro significativo das principais ações desenvolvidas pela Coordenadoria Especial de Políticas Públicas para Promoção da Igualdade Racial do estado do Ceará (Ceppir), no período de 2015 a 2018. Por fim, serão elucidadas as especificidades e o movimento empreendido para a constituição de uma política pública de caráter transversal na realidade cearense. Palavras-Chave: racismo; desigualdades raciais; política de promoção da igualdade racial.
A lei de cotas por um fio: o retrocesso social atual
Authors: Pinheiro Carina Lilian Fernandes , Soares Maria De Lourdes 
Published: December 2019

A conjuntura política atual exige que estejamos preparados para enfrentar uma realidade marcada por incertezas em relação aos direitos sociais. Eleito um governo de extrema direita e neoliberal, que preza pela economia acima de tudo, políticas sociais como a das cotas estão sendo atacadas. Já existe, inclusive, o projeto de lei federal nº 1.531/2019, que pretende acabar com as cotas raciais. Diante disso, é preciso refletir sobre a conjuntura atual na busca por caminhos alinhados à luta e à resistência. Por isso, neste artigo, objetivamos fazer uma reflexão sobre as perspectivas para as políticas sociais no Brasil nessa conjuntura política de desmonte e desregulação, analisando particularmente as notícias e reportagens veiculadas recentemente sobre os riscos de extinção da política de cotas. Vislumbramos que o Brasil de fato atravessa um momento de desfoque e regressão das políticas sociais e que a política de cotas é somente uma das que estão ameaçadas. Palavras-Chave: conjuntura; cotas; perspectivas; políticas sociais; extinção.
Genetics of breast cancer: management strategies and risk-reducing surgery
Authors: Balasubramanian Rajesh , Rolph Rachel , Morgan Catrin , Hamed Hisham 
Published: December 2019

The last two decades have witnessed major advances in genetic sequencing which have led to more accurate identification of women at risk of developing breast cancer and calculating the associated cancer risk. This review discusses the current genetic mutations conferring risk of developing breast cancer and the management pathway for these women with identifiable mutations as well as those with a strong family history for breast cancer. Management of these individuals is complex and should involve a multidisciplinary team with interest and expertise in breast cancer genetics. There are several treatment options ranging from surveillance to risk-reducing surgery. Risk reduction surgery has been popularised by celebrities who are carriers of breast cancer genes, and raised public awareness of breast cancer genetics and associated risk.
Creating algorithmic audio-visual narratives through the use of augmented reality prints
Authors: Laskari Iro 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article investigates the hypothesis of creating non-linear audio-visual narratives, through an unanticipated use of traditional print-based games, enriched with videos, via augmented reality (AR) possibilities. A ludic system has been created and presented. Based on a traditional card game, a non-linear cinematic narrative occurs. We attempt to examine the following questions: in which way can we bring together different forms of visual communication, such as graphic design and video? Can the above forms create a complex narrative whole and what kind of rules will be needed for this? How can we enrich traditional forms of gaming with the potentials of AR? Gaming itself demands a set of rules. Can these rules play the role of algorithms in the combined universe that we have designed and created? In which way can the designer on the one hand and the user on the other influence the overall output of the system? What will the user experience be like? The printed card system chosen for this is Tarot and more precisely the Great Arcana, which makes use of the 22 fundamental Tarot figures.
Energyscapes: Interconnecting body, clinic, qi and dao
Authors: Lewis-King Michelle 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Drawing upon my expertise as an artist and clinical acupuncturist with training in biomedicine, my artistic research adapts Chinese medicine practice into a strategic tool to investigate new synergies between art, medicine, technology, East, West, modernity and pre-modernity. In my performances, I use Chinese pulse diagnosis and acupuncture point location as transdisciplinary artistic technologies (qi / 器) that are capable of measuring and responding to quantum entanglements between individuals and their social, natural and cosmic milieus – or what can be referred to as dao (道). This is achieved by combining the principles of CM with digital (audio software and physical computing) and 'moist' media (the body).
Playful design, empathy and the nonhuman turn
Authors: Fava Fabrício , Soares Camila Mangueira , Carvalhais Miguel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the context of interspecies play involving humans, we find limitations when it comes to understanding most species. One reason for this may be the fact that we tend to anthropomorphize the other to be able to empathize with it. In light of this, how can we infer communication signs of other species so we are able to connect with the nonhuman world? We look for answers to this question by adopting a phenomenological approach that allows us to decentre from the anthropocentric perspective. We highlight animal studies, especially those that extend to them the notion of play, and the studies on interspecies playful interaction conducted in the context of animal–computer interaction. In addition, we propose considering empathy as an interspecies dialogical bridge with nonhumans. Finally, we argue about an expansion of the field of interaction design as an approach to the connection with the nonhuman world.
AI becomes her: Discussing gender and artificial intelligence
Authors: Costa Pedro , Ribas Luísa 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article seeks to understand why femininity seems to be often present in artificial intelligence and tackle the questions that arise when this phenomenon is subject to closer inspection. It draws on a previous study on the relationship between gender and AI, complemented by an analysis of digital assistants such as Alexa, Cortana, Google Assistant and Siri that reveals how these entities tend to be feminized through their anthropomorphization, the tasks that they perform and their behavioural traits. Furthering this discussion, this article addresses current trends of development of digital assistants and their stance towards gender, considering the functions or features that are being prioritized in AI evolution. It then focuses on the main questions raised by researchers and academics when examining the phenomenon and confronts these views with discussions around the feminization of AI in the context of online media coverage. This debate also highlights how common conceptions of AI and its portrayals of gender are influenced by bodies of fiction. Finally, the project Conversations with ELIZA seeks to comment on this phenomenon by ironically exposing and reinforcing common stereotypes and gender assumptions. In this manner, this study seeks to incite reflection on how artificial intelligence is reflecting our social and cultural views back to us.
Montseny entre ruinas: impresiones arqueológicas de una anarquista
Authors: Aguilera Durán Tomás 
Published: December 2019

Este artículo se aproxima al desconocido campo de la recepción de la Antigüedad en el pensamiento anarquista mediante el análisis de un texto específico: un artículo de 1926 sobre la ciudad de Ampurias escrito por Federica Montseny en La Revista Blanca, una autora y una publicación emblemáticas del periodo de auge de la ideología libertaria en España. Se comentan y contextualizan varias facetas del texto: el legado literario que incidió sobre su evocación poética de las ruinas, la proyección de la información histórica y arqueológica derivada de las excavaciones coetáneas, su idealización filohelenista vinculada al refuerzo identitario catalanista y el mensaje anticristiano que transmite al confrontar las distintas etapas del enclave. Se sondean así algunos temas, conexiones y particularidades en la compleja relación entre anarquismo y mundo antiguo.
Bank selection criteria when borrowing a personal loan
Authors: Csizmásné Tóth Judit , Szöllősi Péter 
Published: December 2019

In 2018 there was an increase in the number of people who borrowed personal loans, in both the European Union and Hungary. In Hungary, personal loans increased hugely by 48%. We conducted a non-representative survey. We wanted to determine those bank selection criteria that influence our decision on which particular bank we choose to borrow a personal loan. This information will help us to understand the customers better and let the banks provide a better service tailored to their needs.
Keywords: private loan, personal loan, bank selection criteria
W służbie Chrystusowi. Błogosławieni prezbiterzy i osoby zakonne Archidiecezji Poznańskiej
Authors: Kijas Zdzisław 
Published: December 2019

The subject-matter of the article is the issue of sanctity which the author considers in the context of the lives of seven men and one woman. All of them belong to the Poznań Church. Their heroic lives provide an opportunity to scrutinize contemporary culture, which is characterized by a process of disenchantment of the world, i.e. humanization of what formerly used to be divine, what belonged to God or led to Him. Today we witness a tendency to sanctify things human, things which are the work of man and enhance human pleasure, enjoyment of life and cheerful disposition... At the same time things divine and those that lead to God are dismissed or even forgotten.Modern man has become increasingly autonomous. He no longer needs God seeing Him as unwanted or even redundant. Prayer, which animates saints, is now considered mere waste of time while obedience to God’s commandments is deemed ridiculous. This process also impacts our attitude to the saints. In Christian theology they are the teachers of the faith, witnesses of God and His truth. They are the good Samaritans that lift up those who fell, reminding them of their dignity received from God and encouraging them to go ahead to meet God. But many of our contemporaries, believ- ers included, no longer perceive saints in this way. They do not expect from the saints lessons on life, but miracles in order to have a rich, healthy and happy life themselves. They look for miracle workers not witnesses and teachers of God’s truth, the prophets of a different world. As God’s wit- nesses the blessed and saints can “hold back” the process of disenchantment of the world and give the world a new eschatological dimension, the lost sacrum without which life on earth can change into a drama.
Extreme and Modest Conventionalism in Plato’sCratylus
Authors: Healow C. G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTheCratylus’main concern is to outline and evaluate the competing views of language held by two characters, Hermogenes and Cratylus, who disagree about whether convention or nature (respectively) are the source of onomastic correctness. Hermogenes has been thought to hold two radically different views by different scholars, one extreme conventionalism whereby all names are correct relative to their speakers, and another modest conventionalism according to which distinct naming actions – establishment and employment – explain why some names are correct and others are not, depending on the speaker. In this paper I argue that, though Hermogenes ultimately endorses a conventionalism of the latter kind, it is a mistake to assign him this position from the outset. Rather, to understand the structure of the conversation about conventionalism, we must view Hermogenes’ position, and Socrates’ understanding of it, as developing instead of settled. For it is only by discussing the matter that Hermogenes comes to express a moderate conventionalist view and Socrates comes to appreciate the position Hermogenes actually holds.
Evaluation of potential auras in generalized epilepsy from EEG signals using deep convolutional neural networks and time-frequency representation
Authors: Polat Hasan , Aluçlu Mehmet Ufuk , Özerdem Mehmet Siraç 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The general uncertainty of epilepsy and its unpredictable seizures often affect badly the quality of life of people exposed to this disease. There are patients who can be considered fortunate in terms of prediction of any seizures. These are patients with epileptic auras. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate pre-seizure warning symptoms of the electroencephalography (EEG) signals by a convolutional neural network (CNN) inspired by the epileptic auras defined in the medical field. In this context, one-dimensional EEG signals were transformed into a spectrogram display form in the frequency-time domain by applying a short-time Fourier transform (STFT). Systemic changes in pre-epileptic seizure have been described by applying the CNN approach to the EEG signals represented in the image form, and the subjective EEG-Aura process has been tried to be determined for each patient. Considering all patients included in the evaluation, it was determined that the 1-min interval covering the time from the second minute to the third minute before the seizure had the highest mean and the lowest variance to determine the systematic changes before the seizure. Thus, the highest performing process is described as EEG-Aura. The average success for the EEG-Aura process was 90.38 ± 6.28%, 89.78 ± 8.34% and 90.47 ± 5.95% for accuracy, specificity and sensitivity, respectively. Through the proposed model, epilepsy patients who do not respond to medical treatment methods are expected to maintain their lives in a more comfortable and integrated way.
The Influence of Fresh Kale Addition on Selected Properties of Corn Snacks
Authors: Lisiecka Katarzyna , Wójtowicz Agnieszka 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Enrichment of snack foods with plant ingredients has become very popular. Corn extrudates with fresh kale leaves are an example of a healthy snack food. During the study, these snacks were produced by extrusion-cooking and contained from 5 % to 20 % of fresh kale leaves in their recipe. For the obtained extrudates, the following parameters were determined: extrusion efficiency, specific mechanical energy requirement, bulk density, specific density, water absorption index, water solubility index, radial expansion ratio, cutting force, as well as the color coordinates on the CIE-Lab scale. It was observed that the addition of fresh kale leaves led to a significant decrease in processing efficiency as well as the expansion ratio, water solubility index and brightness of supplemented snacks. Increased density, cutting force and greenness of snacks was observed with increasing amounts of kale in the recipe.
“It’s more fashionable to speak it badly”: indexicality and metasemiotic awareness among users of English from the Spanish-speaking world
Authors: Morán Panero Sonia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs ELF scholars warn us against treating linguistic productions of “non-native” English speakers as “errors” when they are sociolinguistically driven variation, it is necessary to investigate how speakers in Expanding Circle settings conceptualise, label and experience such uses themselves. This paper reports a qualitative study of the metalinguistic and evaluative practices of university students in Chile, Mexico and Spain. It explores how they ascribe (un)desirable meanings to different ways of speaking English as an additional language (i. e. indexical relations), whether these symbolic associations are seen to influence students’ own linguistic use, and the extent to which such indexical relations are theorised as inherent in language form or as symbolic and negotiable (i. e. metasemiotic awareness). The analysis of more than 53 hours of elicited interview talk reveals a complex web of available social meaning relations and multidirectional accounts of the effects that such meanings have on students’ linguistic and semiotic practices. Although many students display awareness of the contextual variability of social meaning-making processes (Coupland. 2007.Style: Language variation and identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), only a minority were able to directly challenge dominant indexical associations and stereotypical trait attributions. The findings underscore the need for English language teachers to understand their students’ semiotic goals and interpretative repertoires, firstly to avoid discriminating against sociolinguistically motivated variation in students’ English use and secondly, to provide them with additional tools to negotiate their position as speakers of English as an additional language. The paper also reflects on the implications that these findings have for how we explain variation and attitudinal ambivalence in ELF research.