bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular mapping of a novel lesion mimic gene (lm4) associated with enhanced resistance to stripe rust in bread wheat
Authors: Liu Rong , Lu Jing , Zheng Shigang , Zhou Min , Du Mei , Zhang Chihong , Wang Minxiu , Li Yunfang , Xing Jiayi , Wu Yu , Zhang Lei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Lesion mimics (LM) is a disease-like symptom randomly spread on plant green leaves without any pathogens. Previous study has found that LM was related to enhanced resistance to a broad spectrum of diverse pathogen races and programmed cell death (PCD). Stripe rust is a globally epidemic fungal disease that can cause significant reduction of the quality and yield of crops. Development of resistance cultivars is economically and environmentally method for enhancing adaptability and yield stability of crops instead by fungicides application. In this study, we identify a novel LM gene with Pst resistance in wheat breeding population and mapped it with developing molecular markers for marker assisted selection (MAS) in wheat breeding.Results: In this study, a novel LM gene named as lm4 was identified by using a Yanzhan1/Neixiang188 RILs population, which closely linked to SSR markers Xgwm210 and Xgwm455 by 8.06 CM intervals. Then the genetic distance of the lm4 was shortened that flanked by SSR markers with 0.51CM and 0.77CM interval. Two SSR markers lm4_01_cib and lm4_02_cib were developed based on Chinese Spring genome database and wheat-660K SNP result, which can be used to conduct MAS of LM in wheat. And the results also show that lm4 significantly improved the resistance of stripe rust in wheat.Conclusions: Therefore, lm4 is associated with stripe rust resistance, and it may provide a new tool or theoretical support for future crop disease-resistant breeding and for understanding the plant apoptosis mechanism.
Where Would Final Year Dental Students Like to Work as Opposed to Where They Will Work?
Authors: Kinkela Frank , Durward Callum , Short Stephanie Doris , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Australia has a disproportionate number of dentists working in its capital city locations relative to its rural locations. Australian Government agencies have initiated two different approaches to partially equalize this workforce imbalance. One approach has been to allow for the placement of dental students from capital city-based universities into a rural work student location. The second, more recent, approach has been to establish dental schools in regional areas. The study has the objective to assess the perceptions and views of both urban and rural-based dental school students on rural placement experience and future rural work. METHODS: Two rural dental schools and one capital city-based dental school were approached, and all consented to their students participating in this survey. The data from the two rural universities were then coalesced and compared to the data from the capital city-based university to quantify the usefulness of the two different approaches in enhancing a dental workforce within rural locations. RESULTS: Many urban-based dental students in this study indicated that they might return to a rural location for employment, and that their rural placement helps them to make this decision. Furthermore, having a rural clinical placement is perceived as beneficial by dental students, and might assist them with their decision about where to practice post-graduation. CONCLUSION: A rural clinical placement experience is perceived as beneficial by dental students, and might assist in decisions on post-graduation practice locations. At this stage, based on student perceptions, the rural-based schools are not more likely than the city-based schools to provide a dental workforce for rural locations.
Association between home environment and preschool children’s sedentary time moderated by parental educational level in a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Lehto Elviira , Lehto Reetta , Ray Carola , Pajulahti Riikka , Sajaniemi Nina , Erkkola Maijaliisa , Roos Eva 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Childhood obesity is a major public health concern, especially in low socioeconomic status (SES) groups. Sedentary time (SED) is one important predictors of obesity. To be able to diminish SED it is important to find modifiable predictors of sedentary behavior. The home environment associated with children’s SED may vary by parental SES. This study aims to clarify the association between parental educational level (PEL) and the home environment of 3–6-year-old children, and to examine how home environment associates with children’s SED, and whether PEL modifies these associations. Methods A cross-sectional Increased health and wellbeing in preschools (DAGIS) study was conducted in 2015–2016 in Finland. The parents (n=809) filled in questionnaires assessing PEL, and the home physical and social environment related to children’s SED. Children’s SED was measured with accelerometers, which the children (n=758) wore for one week. Results High PEL was associated with a home environment restraining sedentary behaviour compared with low PEL. Several sedentary behavior home environment factors, such as social norms, role models and rules concerning screen time were associated with children’s SED. Some of the associations with sedentary home environment factors and SED were moderated by PEL. Limits for child´s TV time was associated with children´s SED only among high PEL group and being pleased with own child’s ST was negatively associated with children’s SED only among the low PEL group. Conclusions Future interventions aiming to decrease SED should pay attention to relevant factors in children’s sedentary behviour home environment. It is important to acknowledge the possible PEL differences in these factors.
Exploring evolution characteristic between cultivated tea and its wild relatives using complete chloroplast genomes
Authors: Peng Jiao , Zhao Yunlin , Dong Meng , Liu Shiquan , Hu Zhiyuan , Zhong Xiaofen , Xu Zhenggang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The cultivated tea is one of the most important economic and ecological crops worldwide. The cultivated tea and wild tea suffered from long-term targeted selection of traits and overexploitation of habitats by human beings, which may change the genetic structure. Chloroplast is an organelle with a conserved cyclic structure, and can help us better understand the evolutionary relationship of Camellia plants.Results: The study conducted comparative analysis and evolution analysis between cultivated tea and wild tea, and detected the evolution characteristic in cultivated tea. Chloroplast genome sizes of cultivated tea were slightly different, ranged from 157,025 bp to 157,085 bp. These cultivated species were more conservative than wild species, in terms of the genome length, genes number, genes arrangement and GC contents. However, the IRs length of cultivated species was about 20 bp shorter than that of C. sinensis var. sisnensis. We also found that the nucleotide diversity of 14 sequences in cultivated tea was higher than that of wild tea. These results prove the evidence on the variation of chloroplast genomes of cultivated tea. Detail analysis on the chloroplast genome variation and evolution of cultivated tea showed that 67 SNPs and 46 indels were found and 16 protein coding genes had nucleotide substitutions. The most comment variation gene was ycf1. It has the largest number of nucleotide substitution. At the same time, in ycf1, five amino acid sites were exhibiting site-specific selection, and a 9 bp sequence insertion was found in the C. sinensis cultivar. Anhua. The phylogenetic tree constructed by ycf1 sequence shows that two cultivated tea are not completely clustered, and the evolutionary relationship between C. sinensis var. sisnensis and C. sinensis cultivar. Longjing is closer than that of C. sinensis cultivar. Anhua.Conclusions: The cultivated species are more conservative than wild species in in terms of architecture and linear sequence order. The variation of chloroplast genome of cultivated tea is mainly manifested in the nucleotide polymorphism of some sequences. The ycf1 gene plays an important role in the adaptive evolution of cultivated tea. These results provide evidence regarding the influence of human activities on tea.
Aid for Trade flows and Recipient-Countries' Integration into the World Market for Services Exports: Do Merchandises Exports and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows matter?
Authors: GNANGNON SENA KIMM , Ramírez Susana Del Mar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An important literature on the recipient-countries' export performance effect of Aid for Trade (AfT) flows has focused on the goods side. The few existing studies on the services exports effects of AfT interventions have reached mixed results, reflecting a positive or weak effect. The present study aims to complement these few studies by examining the effect of AfT flows on recipient-countries' share of services exports in the world services exports ('services export integration'), including through two main channels: their share of countries' merchandises exports in the world merchandises exports ('merchandises export integration') and the size of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. The empirical analysis, based on a sample of 105 countries over the period 2002-2016, has shown that these two channels definitely matter for the effect of AfT flows on countries' services export integration. Specifically, by fostering countries' merchandises export integration, AfT flows can promote their services export integration. Furthermore, promoting FDI inflows enhances the positive effect of AfT flows on countries' services export integration.
Non-specific effects of rabies vaccine on the incidence of common infectious disease episodes: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Knobel Darryn , Odita Christianah Ibironke , Conan Anne , Barry Donna , Smith-Antony Marshalette , Battice Juliet , England Shianne , Gessner Bradford D 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Vaccines may cause non-specific effects (NSEs) on morbidity and mortality through immune-mediated mechanisms that are not explained by the prevention of the targeted disease. Much of the evidence for NSEs comes from observational studies with a high risk of bias, and there is a clear need for new data from randomised controlled trials. Recently, it was proposed that rabies vaccine has protective NSEs in people and in animals. The aim of the proposed study is to determine if rabies vaccine reduces the incidence rate of episodes of common infectious disease syndromes in a population of veterinary students on the island of St. Kitts.Methods: The trial design is a single-site, two-arm, parallel-group, participant-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, two-sided comparative study, with an internal pilot study for blinded sample size re-estimation. Allocation to study arm is by block randomization stratified by sex within cohort with a 1:1 allocation ratio. The primary study endpoint is the number of new weekly episodes of common infectious diseases including respiratory, diarrheal, and febrile illnesses. A vaccine efficacy ancillary study is planned.Discussion: Demonstration of a non-specific protective effect of rabies vaccine against unrelated respiratory, gastrointestinal and febrile illnesses would provide supportive evidence for the design of similar studies in children in populations with a high burden of these illnesses.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03656198. Registered 24 August 2018.
Over IFI16 expression increased inflammation in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Glomerulonephritis by Regulating Caspase-1 and IL-1 ß
Authors: zeng zhaoqing , li yuyang , yu jinhong , liu jing , chen shijun , li qiang , du wenjun 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Aims & background: IFI16 plays an important role in innate immunity against invasive microbial infection by sensing double-stranded DNA viruses due to caspase-1-dependent inflammasome activation and subsequent maturation and secretion of IL-1β. However, the role of IFI16 in regulating the immune response to viruses in vivo and in vitro, especially in sensing hepatitis B virus (HBV), has not been examined. We hypothesized that the expression of IFI16 increases corresponding to HBV-mediated inflammation in patients with hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN), a condition which activates inflammatory mechanisms and causes renal damage. To test this hypothesis, we therefore analyzed the expression of IFI16 and inflammatory factors in HBV-GN tissues and cell lines relative to the inflammatory response to HBV infection. Methods: A total 75 patients with chronic nephritis(CN) including 50 with HBV-GN and 25 with chronic glomerulonephritis (CCN) involved in this study. Each CN patient received renal biopsy, and immunohistochemistry(IHC) was used to detect the expression of IFI16 and inflammatory factors Caspase-1 and IL-1β in the biopsy specimens. Following IFI16 was transfected in HBV-infected and HBV-uninfected human glomerular mesangial (HGM) cell line and HEK-293T cell line, expression of Caspase-1 and IL-1β were detected by Western blot and qRT- PCR. Results: IFI16 expression in HBV-GN biopsies (80.0%) was significantly higher than in CGN (24.0%) and positively correlated with caspase-1 and IL-1𝛽 expression in HBV-GN. In vitro, over expression IFI16 increased caspase-1 and IL-1𝛽 expression in HBV -infected HGM and HEK-293T. Conclusions: The elevation of IFI16 during HBV infection or replication may contribute to renal damage due to inflammation, thus providing a putative therapeutic target and a new avenue for researching the pathogenesis of HBV-GN.
Fine Needle Biopsy of Malignant Tumors of the Liver: a Retrospective Study of 624 Cases from a Single Institution Experience
Authors: Zhang Lin , Cai Zhenjian , Rodriguez Joe , Zhang Songlin , Thomas Jaiyeola , Zhu Hui 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Liver is one of the most common organs involved by metastatic neoplasms. In addition, a number of primary tumors can arise in the liver. Fine needle biopsy (FNB) is the most commonly used method for diagnosis of liver masses. Not much literature is available during the past ten years about FNB of liver tumors. All large studies were performed more than fifteen years ago. With the introduction of new disease entities, new tumor classification systems, and new diagnostic methods, updated documentation of FNB of liver neoplasms is much needed. Methods: Liver FNB cases that were diagnosed as “Positive for Malignancy” between 2010 and 2018 were retrieved from the cytopathology database in our institution. Patient medical records, cytopathology and surgical pathology reports, and slides from selected cases were retrieved and reviewed. Results: Over 30 different types of malignant tumors were identified in 624 malignant FNB cases, with the most common tumors being metastatic colorectal and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Rare tumors include EBV-positive leiomyosarcoma, mesothelioma, and paraganglioma, among others. A subset of patients presented with widespread metastases involving liver with no known history. Identify the primary sites in those cases can be challenging. We also found that in our practice, a significant numbers of hepatocellular carcinoma were diagnosed by FNB in recent years. Conclusions: A tremendous variety of neoplasms can occur in liver. Accurate diagnosis is essential for proper patient management. Familiarization with morphological features and judicious usage of ancillary studies are essential for accurate diagnosis.
Clinical Outcome and Histopathologic Evaluations of Porous Tantalum Implant for the Treatment of Early-Stage Osteonecrosis
Authors: Zhang Yu , Sun Jian-Ning , Zhang Ye , Hua Zi-Jian , Feng Shuo , Chen Xiang-yang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background To evaluate the survival rate of porous tantalum rod implantation in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, to evaluate its clinical effect and imaging results, and to analyze the reasons for its failure to return to total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods From January 2008 to December 2013, tantalum rod implantation for avascular necrosis of the femoral head was performed in two institutions. Statistical analysis of operation data, including operation time, blood loss and blood transfusion. Harris hip score and imaging results were evaluated. Kaplan Meier survival analysis was performed with THA as the end point. Histopathological observations were performed on femoral head specimens with the tantalum rods that failed THA after tantalum rod implantation. Results 42 patients (52 hips) were followed up completely, the average follow-up time was 74.3 months (60-120 months). 24 hips turned to THA at the end of follow-up (46.2%), the average time was (44 ± 32) months, and the average Harris score before THA was (57 ± 10). The follow-up time of 28 patients without THA was 78.6 ± 13.8 months, and the average Harris score was 80.6 ± 2.8. Histopathological examination revealed the implant surface is in contact with sparse Island bone. There is limited bone tissue extending inward from the implant. In the living bone area, there was “on-growth” of new bone but no “in-growth”. In the necrotic area, there was no obvious new bone regeneration. Conclusion The mid-and-long term clinical effect of tantalum rod implantation in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head is not good, and the osteogenic activity of tantalum rod in the femoral head is limited. ARCO stage, age and bone marrow edema were risk factors for the failure of tantalum rod implantation to THA.
The Effectiveness Of Mirror Therapy And Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation For The Improvement Of The Arm Motoric Function Of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Bintang Andi Kurnia , Halim Ferdy , Umbas Juliet Christy Gunawan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke can cause long-term disability that requires therapy. Motor repair after stroke is associated with plasticity, including the development of new neuronal interconnections, obtaining new functions, and compensation for existing damage. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an effective method used to diagnose and treat many neurological disorders. Another way that is proven to also improve upper arm motor function is mirror therapy which is proven to improve post motorized motor function. Method The research design used in this study was an experimental method with a randomized pretest-posttest-control group design at Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and the network. Results Based on the results of the study found that the difference in ARAT score 1-2. The difference in ARAT scores was higher in the group receiving standard therapy with mirror therapy and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (21.70 ± 7.81) compared to the group receiving standard therapy alone (2.80 ± 1.20). Using the unpaired T test, a significant difference p <0.005 (p <0.00004) was obtained. Conclusion There was a significant difference between samples that received mirror therapy and rTMS compared to patients who only received standard therapy.
Oleic Acid Reduces Brain Injury by Oxidative Stress Induced by Some Anticancer Drugs in Rat Brain
Authors: Guzmán David Calderón , Brizuela Norma Osnaya , Herrera Maribel Ortíz , Olguin Hugo Juarez , Jimenez Francisca Trujillo , Peraza Armando Valenzuela , Mejía Gerardo Barragán 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Oleic acid (OA) is a monounsaturated compound with many health-benefitting properties such as obesity prevention, increased insulin sensitivity, antihypertensive and immune-boosting properties, etc. Within the untold benefits of this fatty acid is the novelty of anticancer property. OA can interact with cancer cell proteins and increase cancer cell proliferation-inhibiting factors; thus, turning down their potentials to spread to other tissues. Purpose: The proposal in the present work was to carry out a factual analysis on how oleic acid (OA) and some anticancer drugs offset nitropropionic acid-induced oxidative stress . Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were recruited and divided into five groups A, B, C, D and E; and made to take anticancer drugs in combination with OA in the following forms: Group A, (control) 0.9% of sodium chloride (NaCl); group B, oleic acid ( OA ) only ; group C, cyclophosphamide (CPP) + OA; group D, daunorrubicine (DRB) + OA; and group E , dexrazoxane (DXN) + OA. Every treatment was by intraperitoneal route and the administration was every 24 h for 5 days. The measurement of lipid peroxidation products, reactive oxygen species, sodium-potassium pump, antioxidants and amines were performed from brain extracts of the animals using TBARS, H 2 O 2 , Na+, K+ ATPase activity, GSH and dopamine (DA) respectively. Glucose hemoglobin and triglycerides were measured in blood. Results: In cortex, GSH increased in all groups, except in group B . Group C showed the highest increase of this biomarker. TBARS decrease and dopamine increase in all regions of groups C, D and E. H 2 O 2 increased only in cerebellum/medulla oblongata of group D and E. ATPase expression decreased in striatum of group C. Glucose increased in group E and hemoglobin increased in groups C and D. Conclusions: The boost in the amine (DA) and the antioxidant (GSH) generated by OA administration depicts that brain damage due to anticancer drugs could be ameliorated when jointly given with OA.
Wildlife and Ecotourism Contributions for Sustainable Natural Resource Management In and Around Bale Mountains National Park, Southeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Ertiban Sefi Mekonen , Maru Belay 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Ecotourism resources were assessed in and around Bale Mountains National Park (BMNP) to examine the potentials of ecotourism or alternative options for sustainable use of natural resources which will improve the livelihood of local communities and conservation of park. Survey questionnaires, interview, field observation and literature reviews were employed to collect primary and secondary data. The analyses of the study revealed that natural and cultural resources such as abundance and diversity of mammals and birds, scenic landscape, cultural and historical attractions and some hotels or lodges at nearby areas are the main ecotourism potential in BMNP. The study also revealed some income generating alternatives or ecotourism potentials which could help to reduce the present degradations of natural resources of the park. About 37.2% of sampled households expressed their interests for diversified livelihood or ecotourism activities. Offering tourist facilities and services and creating job opportunities for members of local communities are the positive impacts of the tourism activities whereas, cutting trees, occurrences of seasonality and leakages are the negative impacts. Reinforcing existing off-agricultural livelihoods, introducing additional alternative options or ecotourism are important strategic directions for sustainable management of natural resources for BMNP and related protected areas.