bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer Stem Cells and their Management in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Shenouda Suzan , Kulkarni Ketan , Abuetabh Yasser , Sergi Consolato 
Published: July 2020

Background:
In the last decade, the proposed Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) hypothesis has
steadily changed the way cancer treatment is approached. CSCs may be the source of the heterogeneous
non-tumorigenic cell population included in a neoplasm. Intratumor and intertumoral heterogeneity
is a well-known phenomenon that massively entangles the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
The literature seems to suggest that heterogeneity develops progressively within tumor-initiating
stem cells. CSCs harbor genetic and/or epigenetic alterations that allow them to differentiate into
multiple tumor cell types sequentially.

Objective:
The CSC hypothesis, cellular therapy, and the most recent patents on CSCs were reviewed.

Methods:
PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were screened for this information. Also, an analysis
of the most recent data targeting CSCs in pediatric cancer developed at two Canadian institutions
is provided. The genes involved with the activation of CSCs and the drugs used to antagonize
them are also highlighted.

Results:
It is underlined that (1) CSCs possess stem cell-like properties, including the ability for
self-renewal; (2) CSCs can start carcinogenesis and are responsible for tumor recurrence after treatment;
(3) Although some limitations have been raised, which may oppose the CSC hypothesis, cancer
progression and metastasis have been recognized to be caused by CSCs.

Conclusions:
The significant roles of cell therapy may include an auto-transplant with high-dose
treatment, an improvement of the immune function, creation of chimeric antigen receptor T cells,
and the recruitment of NK cell-based immunotherapy.
Valproic acid, A Potential Inducer of Osteogenesis in Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Akshaya Narayanan , Prasith Prakash , Abinaya Balakrishnan , Ashwin Badrinath , Chandran S.V. , Selvamurugan Nagarajan 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Recent reports have unveiled the potential of flavonoids to enhance bone formation and assuage
bone resorption due to their involvement in cell signaling pathways. They also act as an effective alternative to circumvent
the disadvantages associated with existing treatment methods, which has increased their scope in orthopedic research.
Valproic acid (VA, 2-propylpentanoic acid) is one such flavonoid, obtained from an herbaceous plant, used in the
treatment of epilepsy and various types of seizures.

Objective:
In this study, the role of VA in osteogenesis and the molecular mechanisms underpinning its action in mouse
mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) were determined.

Methods & Results:
Cytotoxic studies validated VA’s amiable nature in mMSCs. Alizarin red and von Kossa staining
results showed an increased deposition of calcium phosphate in VA-treated mMSCs, which confirmed the occurrence of
osteoblast differentiation and mineralization at a cellular level. At the molecular level, there were increased levels of
expression of Runx2, a vital bone transcription factor, and other major osteoblast differentiation marker genes in the VAtreated mMSCs. Further, VA-treatment in mMSCs upregulated mir-21 and activated the mitogen-activated protein
kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway, which might be essential for the expression/activity of
Runx2.

Conclusion:
Thus, the current study confirmed the osteoinductive nature of VA at the cellular and molecular levels,
opening the possibility for its application in bone therapeutics with mir-21.
Study of the Relationships between COVID-19, Associated Diseases, and Vitamins
Authors: Câmara Alice Barros , Brandão Igor Augusto 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Some vitamins play a beneficial role in the immune system and certain diseases
may be associated with an increase in the number of COVID-19 cases and mortality.

Objectives:
In this work, we aim to verify a possible relationship between vitamin A, vitamin D, sunlight,
and COVID-19 cases and mortality. We also aim to study the relationship between chronic diseases
and COVID-19 in the world.

Methods:
We consulted online databases (Johns Hopkins, World Life Expectancy, NASA, and World
Health Organization) and used SPSS (v23) for statistical analysis.

Results:
We found that countries with the highest number of cases and deaths by COVID-19 are the
countries with the highest death rates from different types of cancer and multiple sclerosis. Besides, the
relationship between cancer death rate and COVID-19 is not biased by the life expectancy. We also
found that the low solar incidence and low vitamins A and D levels can be related to the number of cases
and deaths by COVID-19.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest a relationship between different cancer types and multiple sclerosis
death rates and COVID-19. We also recommend that vitamins D and A may play a protective role in
COVID-19 infection.
Diagnostic Model for In-Hospital Bleeding in Patients with Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Li Yong 
Published: July 2020

Background
Bleeding complications in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have been associated with increased risk of subsequent adverse consequences.

Objective
The objective of our study was to develop and externally validate a diagnostic model of in-hospital bleeding.

Methods
We performed multivariate logistic regression of a cohort for hospitalized patients with acute STEMI in the emergency department of a university hospital. Participants: The model development data set was obtained from 4262 hospitalized patients with acute STEMI from January 2002 to December 2013. A set of 6015 hospitalized patients with acute STEMI from January 2014 to August 2019 were used for external validation. We used logistic regression analysis to analyze the risk factors of in-hospital bleeding in the development data set. We developed a diagnostic model of in-hospital bleeding and constructed a nomogram. We assessed the predictive performance of the diagnostic model in the validation data sets by examining measures of discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results
In-hospital bleeding occurred in 112 of 4262 participants (2.6%) in the development data set. The strongest predictors of in-hospital bleeding were advanced age and high Killip classification. Logistic regression analysis showed differences between the groups with and without in-hospital bleeding in age (odds ratio [OR] 1.047, 95% CI 1.029-1.066; P<.001), Killip III (OR 3.265, 95% CI 2.008-5.31; P<.001), and Killip IV (OR 5.133, 95% CI 3.196-8.242; P<.001). We developed a diagnostic model of in-hospital bleeding. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.777 (SD 0.021, 95% CI 0.73576-0.81823). We constructed a nomogram based on age and Killip classification. In-hospital bleeding occurred in 117 of 6015 participants (1.9%) in the validation data set. The AUC was 0.7234 (SD 0.0252, 95% CI 0.67392-0.77289).

Conclusions
We developed and externally validated a diagnostic model of in-hospital bleeding in patients with acute STEMI. The discrimination, calibration, and DCA of the model were found to be satisfactory.

Trial Registration
ChiCTR.org ChiCTR1900027578; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=45926
Current Challenges of Digital Health Interventions in Pakistan: Mixed Methods Analysis
Authors: Kazi Abdul Momin , Qazi Saad Ahmed , Ahsan Nazia , Khawaja Sadori , Sameen Fareeha , Saqib Muhammad , Khan Mughal Muhammad Ayub , Wajidali Zabin , Ali Sikander , Ahmed Rao Moueed , Kalimuddin Hussain , Rauf Yasir , Mahmood Fatima , Zafar Saad , Abbasi Tufail Ahmad , Khoumbati Khalil-Ur-Rahmen , Abbasi Munir A , Stergioulas Lampros K 
Published: July 2020

Background
Digital health is well-positioned in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) to revolutionize health care due, in part, to increasing mobile phone access and internet connectivity. This paper evaluates the underlying factors that can potentially facilitate or hinder the progress of digital health in Pakistan.

Objective
The objective of this study is to identify the current digital health projects and studies being carried out in Pakistan, as well as the key stakeholders involved in these initiatives. We aim to follow a mixed-methods strategy and to evaluate these projects and studies through a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis to identify the internal and external factors that can potentially facilitate or hinder the progress of digital health in Pakistan.

Methods
This study aims to evaluate digital health projects carried out in the last 5 years in Pakistan with mixed methods. The qualitative and quantitative data obtained from field surveys were categorized according to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommended building blocks for health systems research, and the data were analyzed using a SWOT analysis strategy.

Results
Of the digital health projects carried out in the last 5 years in Pakistan, 51 are studied. Of these projects, 46% (23/51) used technology for conducting research, 30% (15/51) used technology for implementation, and 12% (6/51) used technology for app development. The health domains targeted were general health (23/51, 46%), immunization (13/51, 26%), and diagnostics (5/51, 10%). Smartphones and devices were used in 55% (28/51) of the interventions, and 59% (30/51) of projects included plans for scaling up. Artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) was used in 31% (16/51) of projects, and 74% (38/51) of interventions were being evaluated. The barriers faced by developers during the implementation phase included the populations’ inability to use the technology or mobile phones in 21% (11/51) of projects, costs in 16% (8/51) of projects, and privacy concerns in 12% (6/51) of projects.

Conclusions
We conclude that while digital health has a promising future in Pakistan, it is still in its infancy at the time of this study. However, due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is an increase in demand for digital health and implementation of health outcomes following global social distancing protocols, especially in LMICs. Hence, there is a need for active involvement by public and private organizations to regulate, mobilize, and expand the digital health sector for the improvement of health care systems in countries.
Kesadaran Nilai Pendidikan di Sekolah Dasar Ho Chi Minh Vietnam
Authors: Ekowati Dyah Worowirastri , Restian Arina , Yayuk Erna 
Published: July 2020

Vietnam, sebagai salah negara yang ada di Asia Tenggara dan termasuk anggota ASEAN (Association of South East Asia Nation). Negara ini mengalami banyak perkembangan di dunia pendidikan dan memberikan peningkatan nilai kehidupan dalam kurun waktu 5 tahun terakhir. Artikel ini menjelaskan “Kesadaran Nilai Pendidikan di SD Ho Chi Minh Vietnam”. Oleh karenanya, untuk memenuhi data penelitian di atas, dilakukan penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenisnya deskripstif. Data dan sumber data yaitu Guru, Pengamat Pendidikan, Kepala Konjen RI dan beberapa staf konjen RI di Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. Analisa data melalui proses triangulasi diperoleh hasil penelitian mengenai “Kesadaran Nilai Pendidikan di SD Ho Chi Minh Vietnam”. Berdasarkan hasil observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi diketahui bahwa nilai pendidikan yang meliputi penghargaan, kedamaian, toleransi, kasih sayang, kejujuran, kerendahan hati, kebahagiaan, kesederhanaan, kerjasama, kebebasan, tanggung jawab, persatuan tampak pada aspek kebijakan pendidikan maupun proses pendidikan yang ada di Ho Chi Minh Vietnam
Can Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) Be Another Gateway to the Focal Therapy of Localized Prostate Cancer?
Authors: Morita Masaru , Morita Akira , Matsuura Takeshi 
Published: July 2020

Background and Objectives Minimally invasive methods are expected to avoid the risk of overtreatment and overtreatment of radical therapy to manage the increased number of patients with low-volume, low-grade localized prostate cancer. Based on our experience of radical transurethral resection of prostate cancer (TURPCa) as a radical treatment, we studied the efficacy and safety of focal TURPCa as a focal therapy for patients with localized prostate cancer. Materials and Methods We performed focal TURPCa in 49 patients during the period from July 2007 to August 2016 and followed them with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing for the mean period of 68.0 months. We selected the patient as a candidate for the study if the biopsy revealed that cancer foci were limited in one lobe, or the foci were several or less even found in both lobes. Standard TURP was followed by further resection and fulguration of the peripheral zone where cancer was considered to exist. We selected one of our three methods of focal TURPCa as follows: one lobe radical TURPCa, radical resection of the affected lobe with unaffected lobe being resected less vigorously; nerve-sparing radical TURPCa, radical resection of both lobes except for the posterolateral part of the prostate; target radical TURPCa, radical resection of the cancer focus and the surrounding prostate when the target is suggested single. Results Twelve patients were in the low-risk group (D’Amico), 29 in the intermediate-risk group, and 8 in the high-risk group. Pathological stages were as follows: pT0, three cases; pT2a-b, 17 cases; pT2c, 29 cases. The preoperative PSA of 6.15±2.73 ng/mL (mean±SD) dropped to 0.172±0.283 ng/mL postoperatively. PSA failure occurred in only two patients (4.1%). Incontinence did not develop and erectile function was preserved in eight (44.4%) of the 18 potent patients. The most frequent complication was bladder neck contracture (20.4%). Other complications included acute epididymitis (8.1%), bladder tamponade (2.0%). No patients died of prostate cancer. Conclusions Though the final assessment of efficacy will require long-term follow-up results with more cases, we may think focal TURPCa can be another treatment option as a focal therapy for localized prostate cancer.
JANE AMAVA HELEN QUE NÃO SABIA BEM SE AMAVA JANE QUE TAMBÉM AMAVA BLANCHE: HETEROSSEXUALIDADE COMPULSÓRIA EM UMA LEITURA QUEER DE JANE EYRE DE CHARLOTTE BRONTË
Authors: Nunes Ruan 
Published: July 2020

Desde a sua publicação, Jane Eyre, romance de estreia de Charlotte Brontë, tem sido estudado e analisado de várias perspectivas. Entretanto, considerando que poucos trabalhos no Brasil têm abordado a obra sob um viés queer, proponho ler duas famosas cenas do romance para ilustrar a discussão de como a heterossexualidade compulsória, conforme discutido por Adrienne Rich (2003), se tornou um mecanismo de apagamento da atração e do desejo que Jane sentia por Helen Burns e Blanche Ingram, duas personagens do romance. Enriquecendo a discussão, utilizo ainda dois ensaios de Sigmund Freud (1996, 2007) para ressaltar como se dá a construção do desejo de Jane pelas duas supracitadas personagens. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Jane Eyre; Queer; Heterossexualidade compulsória.
ENTRE A LUZ E A LOUCURA: OS APRISIONAMENTOS DE CAMILA E DE BERTHA A PARTIR DAS NARRATIVAS DE CHARLOTE BRONTE E JEAN RHYS E DE LUÍS ANTONIO DE ASSIS BRASIL
Authors: Martinez Lis Yana De Lima , Lopes Ricardo Cortez 
Published: July 2020

À luz é dado o caráter de representar a razão. É ela o que guia as almas perdidas dos marinheiros à deriva. Luz é antagônica à sombra. Sombra, então, é sinônimo da falta da razão. Para Jung (1991), sombra é para onde enviamos todas as partes do nosso ser que não seriam socialmente aceitas. Partes que não podem ser trazidas à luz do dia. Um sábio é dito como um ser iluminado. Este trabalho, busca lidar questões latentes às ações sombrias das personagens Bertha Mason (segundo Brontë e Rhys), refletindo a possível busca constante da personagem por criar/reproduzir luz, e Camila, refletindo sua possível busca constante por liberdade. Para tanto, retomaremos questões da construção do sujeito racional e do sujeito feminino. Pretendemos, neste artigo, fazer a aproximação entre as personagens a partir de duas categorias (casamento e morte, a busca por luz) que são recorrentes em suas narrativas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: intertextualidade; loucura; casamento; Bertha Mason; Manhã Transfigurada.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN GROUP INVESTIGATION BERBASIS PROYEK TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS IV
Authors: Dewi Pande Putu Yustika , Manuaba IB Surya , Suniasih Ni Wayan 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan yang signifikan hasil belajar IPA antara kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Group Investigation berbasis proyek dan kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional siswa kelas IV SD Gugus 1 Abiansemal tahun ajaran 2016/2017. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV SD Gugus 1 Abiansemal tahun ajaran 2016/2017 sebanyak 126 siswa. Sampel penelitian menggunakan teknik random sampling. Sampel penelitian ini adalah kelas IV SD Negeri 3 Blahkiuh sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan kelas IV SD Negeri 2 Sangeh sebagai kelompok kontrol. Data hasil belajar IPA dikumpulkan dengan instrumen berupa tes pilihan ganda, kemudian dianalisis dengan uji-t. Hasil analisis menunjukkkan hasil thitung =3,6331 > ttabel = 2,000 pada taraf signifikansi 5% dengan dk = 60. Oleh karena thitung 3,6331> ttabel 2,000maka H0di tolak dan Ha diterima. Demikian pula nilai rata-rata hasil belajar IPA siswa kelompok eksperimen = 82,05 > =73,73 rata-rata hasil belajar IPA siswa kelompok kontrol. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Group Investigation berbasis proyek berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar IPASiswa kelas IV SD Gugus 1 Abiansemal tahun ajaran 2016/2017.
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TWO STAY TWO STRAY (TSTS) DITINJAU DARI HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS V SD PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Handayani Nunuk 
Published: July 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas model pembelajaran tipe TSTS yang ditinjau dari hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas 5 SD Negeri Gugus Depan ki Hajar Dewantara. Metode penelitian ini adalah Eksperimen, dengan sampel penelitian berjumlah 44 siswa. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu tes dan observasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Independent Sample Test diketahui pada t tes for equality of means nilai signifikan 0,002< 0,001. Dengan kata lain hasil belajar kelas eksperimen lebih baik dari hasil belajar kelas kontrol. Maka dari itu model pembelajaran TSTS lebih efektif dari model konvensional.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Childrens Learning In Science Berbantuan Media Lingkungan terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA
Authors: Andrayani Anak Agung 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Children’s Learning In Sciece (CLIS) berbantuan media lingkungan terhadap hasil belajar IPA siswa yang dibelajarkan melalui model pembelajaran CLIS berbantuan media lingkungan dan siswa yang dibelajarkan melalui pembelajaran konvensional pada siswa kelas IV SD Gugus 1 Kuta Utara Tahun Ajaran 2016/2017. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan desain eksperimen yang digunakan adalah Pre-Experimental Designs. Rancangan desain yang digunakan yaitu Intact-Group Comparison. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV. Sampel penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SD No. 5 Dalung sebagai kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas IV SD No. 6 Dalung sebagai kelas kontrol dengan jumlah masing-masing kelompok sebanyak 36 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah metode tes, dengan tes pilihan ganda biasa yang berjumlah 28 butir soal yang telah di validasi. Analisis data menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan hasil belajar IPA siswa yang dibelajarkan melalui model pembelajaran CLIS berbantuan media lingkungan dan siswa yang dibelajarkan melalui pembelajaran konvensional pada siswa kelas IV ( thitung = 2,96 > ttabel = 2,000 ) dengan rerata nilai hasil belajar IPA siswa yang dibelajarkan melalui model pembelajaran CLIS berbantuan media lingkungan = 83,83 dan siswa yang dibelajarkan melalui pembelajaran konvensional =74,33. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Children’s Learning In Sciece (CLIS) berbantuan media lingkungan berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IV SD Gugus 1 Kuta Utara Tahun Ajaran 2016/2017.
Pengembangan Media Sepeda (Sistem Peredaran Darah) dalam Pembelajaran IPA di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Hidayah Prastyaning , Untari Mei Fita Asri , Wardana M. Yusuf Setya 
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi karena rendahnya nilai siswa khususnya pada mata materi sistem peredaran darah yang diakibatkan oleh proses pembelajaran yang kurang aktif, kreatif, dan inovatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan dan kevalidan media SEPEDA pada siswa kelas V di tiga sekolah yaitu SDN Blimbing 1, SDN Kedungmundu, dan SDN sendangmulyo 01. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Research and Development. Perolehan hasil nilai validasi ahli media sebanyak 96% dengan kriteria “sangat baik” dan nilai validasi materi sebanyak 63% dengan kriteria “baik”. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V di SDN Blimbing 1 tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Hasil dari perolehan nilai rata-rata preetest 10,3 dengan kriteria “sangat kurang” dimana nilai tertinggi 30 dan nilai terendah 0. Sedangkan perolehan nilai rata-rata Posttest siswa sebanyak 67,4 dengan kriteria “baik” dimana nilai tertinggi sebanyak 100 dan nilai terendah 20
Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Kelas V Menggunakan Model Student Team Achievement Division (STAD)
Authors: Anan SY Jevie , Prasetiyawati DH Dwi , Widyaningrum Ari 
Published: July 2020

Siswa merasa materi Matematika merupakan materi yang sangat sulit karena mempunyai banyak rumus yang sulit untuk dihafalkan, siswa merasa bosan saat pembelajaran Matematika, guru belum menggunakan model pembelajaran yang menarik sehingga menyebabkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan model kooperatif tipe Student team achievement division (STAD) pada siswa kelas V SD Negeri 04 Troso Pecangaan Jepara. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dalam bentuk Pre Eksperimental Design dengan desain penelitian One- Grup Pretest- Posttest Designs. Sampel penelitian adalah semua siswa-siswi kelas V SD Negeri 04 Troso Pecangaan Jepara tahun ajaran 2018/2019 yang berjumlah 20 orang. Hasil penelitan diperoleh rata-rata nilai pretest 50,25 dan rata-rata nilai posttest 72,75. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis data melalui perhitungan uji t diperoleh nilai 8,48 dan = 2,09. Karena > , Ha diterima. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan diterapkan model kooperatif tipe Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kelas V SD Negeri 04 Troso Pecangaan Jepara