bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maslinic acid prevents IL‐1β‐induced inflammatory response in osteoarthritis via PI3K/AKT/NF‐κB pathways
Authors: Chen Yan‐Lin , Yan De‐Yi , Wu Chen‐Yu , Xuan Jiang‐Wei , Jin Chen‐Qiang , Hu Xin‐Li , Bao Guo‐Dong , Bian Yu‐Jie , Hu Zhi‐Chao , Shen Zhong‐Hai , Ni Wen‐Fei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by destruction of articular cartilage. The inflammatory response is the most important factor affecting the disease process. As interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) stimulates several key mediators in the inflammatory response, it plays a major role in the pathogenesis of OA. Maslinic acid (MA) is a natural compound distributed in olive fruit. Previous studies have found that maslinic acid has an inhibitory effect on inflammation, but its specific role in the progression of OA disease has not been studied so far. In this study, we aim to assess the protective effect of MA on OA progression by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Our results indicate that, in IL‐1β‐induced inflammatory response, MA is effective in attenuating some major inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2, and inhibits the expression of IL‐6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase‐2, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in a concentration‐dependent manner. Also, MA downregulated the expression levels of thrombospondin motif 5 (ADAMTS5) and matrix metalloproteinase 13 in chondrocytes, resulting in reduced degradation of its extracellular matrix. Mechanistically, MA exhibits an anti‐inflammatory effect by inactivating the PI3K/AKT/NF‐κB pathway. In vivo, the protective effect of MA on OA development can be detected in a surgically induced mouse OA model. In summary, these findings suggest that MA can be used as a safe and effective potential OA therapeutic strategy.
Neuroblastoma‐targeted nanoparticles and novel nanotechnology‐based treatment methods
Authors: Mobasheri Taranom , Rayzan Elham , Shabani Mahsima , Hosseini Mina , Mahmoodi Chalbatani Ghanbar , Rezaei Nima 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNeuroblastoma is a complicated pediatric tumor, originating from the neural crest, which is the most prevalent in adrenal glands, but may rarely be seen in some other tissues as well. Studies are focused on developing new strategies through novel chemo‐ and immuno‐therapeutic drug targets. Different types of oncogenes such as MYCN, tumor suppressor genes such as p53, and some structural genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor are considered as targets for neuroblastoma therapy. The individual expression patterns in NB cells make them appropriate for this purpose. The combined effect of nano‐drug delivery systems and specific drug targets will result in lower systemic side effects, prolonged therapeutic effects, and improvements in the pharmacokinetic properties of the drugs. Some of these novel drug delivery systems with a focus on liposomes as carriers are also discussed. In this review, genes and protein products that are beneficial as drug targets in the treatment of neuroblastoma have been discussed.
The effects of 45S5 bioactive glass and Er:YAG Laser on the microtensile bond strength of fluorosed teeth
Authors: Huang Xiaoyu , Xie Jing , Lan Yuyan , Sun Zhengfan , Zhang Meifeng , Guo Ling 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis vitro study aimed to evaluate the effects of 45S5 bioactive glass (BAG) and Er:YAG laser as desensitization treatments on the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of fluorosed teeth. The 120 noncarious fluorosis were to obtain superficial dentin, being classified into four groups according to the Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index (TFI). Specimens from each group were randomly divided into five subgroups. After fluorosed teeth hypersensitivity models were established, the following pretreatments were applied on dentine surface: Subgroup 1: deionized water (Control); Subgroup 2: BAG; Subgroup 3: Er:YAG laser; Subgroup 4: BAG + Er:YAG laser, and Subgroup 5: Er:YAG laser + BAG. One sample was randomly selected from each subgroup for scanning electron microscope (SEM). The remaining samples were bonded with composite resin by Adper Single Bond 2 adhesive. Then water bath at 37°C for 24 hr. After 5,000 thermocycling, MTBS was tested and fracture mode was analyzed. The difference of MTBS between BAG group and Control group was found statistically significant (p < .05) in fluorosis. The Er:YAG laser + BAG group showed lowest MTBS values in fluorosis. In conclusion, the pretreatment of BAG might be beneficial to the adhesive of fluorosed teeth. Er:YAG laser desensitization alone or using BAG first and then Er:YAG laser desensitization might not affect the adhesive of fluorosed teeth, while Er:YAG laser desensitization followed by the pretreatment of BAG would be not conducive to the adhesive of fluorosed teeth.
Rapid defect characterization: The efficiency of diffraction contrast‐scanning transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Wang Lingling , Shi Ruikai , Lu Yuan , Yu Yi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDefect information is critical for both fundamental research and industrial analysis of metals and semiconductors. Diffraction contrast is the basis for defect imaging using either X‐ray or electron microscopy. Taking the advantage of high resolution in electron microscopy techniques, here we evaluate the efficiency for diffraction contrast imaging based on scanning transmission electron microscopy. The working principle and application are demonstrated using the typical semiconductor material silicon as an example. The efficiency is improved at least an order of magnitude compared with conventional electron microscopy method.
Proving a conjecture on chromatic polynomials by counting the number of acyclic orientations
Authors: Dong Fengming , Ge Jun , Gong Helin , Ning Bo , Ouyang Zhangdong , Tay Eng Guan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe chromatic polynomial of a graph of order can be expressed as , where is interpreted as the number of broken‐cycle‐free spanning subgraphs of with exactly components. The parameter is the mean size of a broken‐cycle‐free spanning subgraph of . In this article, we confirm and strengthen a conjecture proposed by Lundow and Markström in 2006 that holds for any connected graph of order which is neither the complete graph nor a tree of order . The most crucial step of our proof is to obtain the interpretation of all 's by the number of acyclic orientations of .
Synthesis of 1,2,4‐triazolopyridazines, isoxazolofuropyridazines, and tetrazolopyridazines as antimicrobial agents
Authors: Abu‐Hashem Ameen A. , Fathy Usama , Gouda Moustafa A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThrough current and previous researches, it was found that the derivatives of pyridazine, isoxazole, tetrazole, quinazoline, hydrazinyl, and 1,2,4‐triazole have many pharmacological activities. Thus, a series of novel furopyridazinones (7), isoxazolopyridazine (8), sub‐benzylidene‐furopyridazinones (9a‐c), isoxazolofuropyridazines (10a‐c), 3‐chloro‐(pyridin‐4‐ylmethylene)‐dihydropyridazines (11), tetrazolopyridazines (12), pyridazinoquinazolinones (13), piperazinyl/morpholino‐pyridazines (14a,b), hydrazinyl‐pyridazines (15), and 1,2,4‐triazolo‐pyridazines (16a,b) in good yields (72%‐90%) were synthesized from substituted ethyl 4‐oxo‐4‐phenylbutanoate (2), 6‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydropyridazinone (3), and 6‐phenyl‐4‐(pyridin‐4‐ylmethylene)‐4,5‐dihydropyridazinone (4) as beginning materials. All the chemical structures of the new compounds have been demonstrated by different spectroscopy analyses such as infrared, NMR, mass spectrum, and elemental analysis. Also, the activities of the newly prepared compounds were tested against many types of bacteria and fungi in vitro. Hence, 1,2,4‐triazolopyridazines (16a,b), isoxazolofuropyridazines (10a‐c), tetrazolopyridazines (12), Piperazinyl/morpholinyl‐pyridazines (14a,b) displayed the most efficient antimicrobial activities compared with the cefotaxime sodium and nystatin as standard drugs.
Toward quantitative neuroimaging biomarkers for Friedreich's ataxia at 7 Tesla: Susceptibility mapping, diffusion imaging, R2 and R1 relaxometry
Authors: Straub Sina , Mangesius Stephanie , Emmerich Julian , Indelicato Elisabetta , Nachbauer Wolfgang , Degenhardt Katja S. , Ladd Mark E. , Boesch Sylvia , Gizewski Elke R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFriedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a rare genetic disorder leading to degenerative processes. So far, no effective treatment has been found. Therefore, it is important to assist the development of medication with imaging biomarkers reflecting disease status and progress. Ten FRDA patients (mean age 37 ± 14 years; four female) and 10 age‐ and sex‐matched controls were included. Acquisition of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data for quantitative susceptibility mapping, R1, R2 relaxometry and diffusion imaging was performed at 7 Tesla. Results of volume of interest (VOI)‐based analyses of the quantitative data were compared with a voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) evaluation. Differences between patients and controls were assessed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA; p < 0.01) with age and sex as covariates, effect size of group differences, and correlations with disease characteristics with Spearman correlation coefficient. For the VBM analysis, a statistical threshold of 0.001 for uncorrected and 0.05 for corrected p‐values was used. Statistically significant differences between FRDA patients and controls were found in five out of twelve investigated structures, and statistically significant correlations with disease characteristics were revealed. Moreover, VBM revealed significant white matter atrophy within regions of the brainstem, and the cerebellum. These regions overlapped partially with brain regions for which significant differences between healthy controls and patients were found in the VOI‐based quantitative MRI evaluation. It was shown that two independent analyses provided overlapping results. Moreover, positive results on correlations with disease characteristics were found, indicating that these quantitative MRI parameters could provide more detailed information and assist the search for effective treatments.
Exploring infant hip position and muscle activity in common baby gear and orthopedic devices
Authors: Siddicky Safeer F. , Wang Junsig , Rabenhorst Brien , Buchele Lauren , Mannen Erin M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInfant positioning in daily life may affect hip development. While neonatal animal studies indicate detrimental relationships between inactive lower extremities and hip development and dysplasia, no research has explored infant hip biomechanics experimentally. This study evaluated hip joint position and lower‐extremity muscle activity of healthy infants in common body positions, baby gear, and orthopedic devices used to treat hip dysplasia (the Pavlik harness and the Rhino cruiser abduction brace). Surface electromyography (EMG) and marker‐based motion capture recorded lower‐extremity muscle activity and kinematics of 22 healthy full‐term infants (4.2 ± 1.6 months, 13 M/9 F) during five conditions: Pavlik harness, Rhino brace, inward‐facing soft‐structured baby carrier, held in arms facing inwards, and a standard car seat. Mean filtered EMG signal, time when muscles were active, and hip position (angles) were calculated. Compared to the Pavlik harness, infants exhibited similar adductor activity (but lower hamstring and gluteus maximus activity) in the Rhino abduction brace, similar adductor and gluteus maximus activity (but lower quadriceps and hamstring activity) in the baby carrier, similar but highly variable muscle activity in‐arms, and significantly lower muscle activity in the car seat. Hip position was similar between the baby carrier and the Pavlik harness. This novel infant biomechanics study illustrates the potential benefits of using inward‐facing soft‐structured baby carriers for healthy hip development and highlights the potential negative impact of using supine‐lying container‐type devices such as car seats for prolonged periods of time. Further study is needed to understand the full picture of how body position impacts infant musculoskeletal development.
Use of Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (NUTRIC) Scoring System for Nutrition Risk Assessment and Prognosis Prediction in Critically Ill Neurological Patients: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Zhang Ping , Bian Yi , Tang Zhouping , Wang Furong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCritically ill patients who are hospitalized in a neurological intensive care unit (NICU) are largely susceptible to nutrition risk. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated the applicable assessment tool in NICUs.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study conducted at a single‐center NICU. A total of 140 adult patients who were hospitalized for >24 hours were enrolled. The Nutritional Risk Screening 2002, Nutrition Risk in the Critically ill (NUTRIC), and modified NUTRIC (mNUTRIC) scores were applied for the assessment of nutrition risk. Analyses of multivariable logistic regression were performed by considering a 28‐day mortality as the outcome of interest.ResultsNutrition risk was commonly identified in NICU patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that age ≥60 years, hospital infection, mechanical ventilation, and high nutrition risk (mNUTRIC score ≥ 5) independently increased 28‐day mortality in NICU patients. For subgroups of patients with a prolonged length of stay, high nutrition risk (mNUTRIC score ≥ 5) has always been an independent risk factor of 28‐day mortality. Both NUTRIC and mNUTRIC scores were able to predict 28‐day mortality, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.857 (95% CI, 0.786–0.928) and 0.856 (95% CI, 0.786–0.927), respectively.ConclusionThe mNUTRIC scoring system is not only a useful tool for nutrition risk assessment but also, and more importantly, it is independently related to the risk of 28‐day mortality in NICU patients. Therefore, mNUTRIC scoring is an appropriate tool for nutrition risk assessment and prognosis prediction of NICU patients.
Prospective study assessing three‐dimensional changes of mucosal healing following soft tissue augmentation using free gingival grafts
Authors: Parvini Puria , Galarraga‐Vinueza Maria Elisa , Obreja Karina , Magini Ricardo de Sousa , Sader Robert , Schwarz Frank 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe present study aimed to assess the three‐dimensional changes following soft tissue augmentation using free gingival grafts (FGG) at implant sites over a 3‐month follow‐up period.MethodsThis study included 12 patients exhibiting deficient keratinized tissue (KT) width (i.e., <2 mm) at the vestibular aspect of 19 implants who underwent soft tissue augmentation using FGG at second stage surgery following implant placement. Twelve implants were considered for the statistical analysis (n = 12). The region of interest (ROI) was intraorally scanned before surgery (S0), immediately post‐surgery (S1), 30 (S2) and 90 (S3) days after augmentation. Digital scanned files were used for quantification of FGG surface area (SA) and converted to standard tessellation language (STL) format for superimposition and evaluation of thickness changes between the corresponding time points. FGG shrinkage (%) in terms of SA and thickness was calculated between the assessed time points.ResultsMean FGG SA amounted to 91 (95% CI: 63 to 119), 76.2 (95% CI: 45 to 106), and 61.3 (95% CI: 41 to 81) mm2 at S1, S2, and S3, respectively. Mean FGG SA shrinkage rate was 16.3% (95% CI: 3 to 29) from S1 to S2 and 33% (95% CI: 19 to 46) from S1 to S3. Mean thickness gain from baseline (S0) to S1, S2, and S3 was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.2 to 1.4), 0.82 (95% CI: 0.5 to 1.12), and 0.37 (0.21 to 0.5) mm, respectively. FGG thickness shrinkage was of 38% (95% CI: 17.6 to 58) from S1 to S2 and 71.8% (95% CI: 60 to 84) from S1 to S3. Dimensional changes from S1 to S3 were statistically significant, P <0.017. Soft tissue healing was uneventful in all patients.ConclusionsThe present three‐dimensional assessment suggests that FGG undergo significant dimensional changes in SA and thickness over a 3‐month healing period.
Low‐cost, safe, and effective smoke evacuation device for surgical procedures in the COVID‐19 age
Authors: Andrade Wesley Pereira , Gonçalves Graziella Galvão , Medeiros Luciana Cortelazzi , Araujo Danielle Cristina Miyamoto , Pereira Gisele Tolaini Gomes , Moraes Daniela Martins Pereira , Spencer Ranyell M.S.S.B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundSmoke is generated by energy‐based surgical instruments. The airborne by‐products may have potential health implications.MethodsWe developed a simple way to use de conventional surgical evacuator coupled with de electrosurgical pen attached to a 14G bladder catheter for open surgery. It was used in ten prospective patients with breast cancer.ResultsWe notice a high reduction in surgical smoke during all breast surgery. A questionnaire was used for all participants of the surgery to answer the impression that they had about the device. The subjective impression was that the surgical smoke in contact whit the surgical team was reduced by more than 95%.ConclusionsSurgical smoke is the gaseous by‐product produced by heat‐generating devices in various surgical procedures. Surgical smoke may contain chemicals particles, bacteria, and viruses that are harmful and increase the risk of infection for surgeons and all the team in the operation room due to long term exposure of smoke mainly in coronavirus disease 2019 age. The adapted device described is a very simple and cheaper way to use smoke evacuators attached with the monopolar electrosurgical pen to reduce smoke exposure to the surgical team worldwide.
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor incidence, treatment patterns, and outcome: An analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Woeste Matthew R. , Bhutiani Neal , Hong Young K. , Shah Jasmit , Kim Woihwan , E. Egger Michael , Philips Prejesh , McMasters Kelly M. , Martin Robert C. G. , Scoggins Charles R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrimitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) comprise less than 1% of all sarcomas. The rarity of this disease has resulted in a paucity of information about disease process and management. This study sought to evaluate the incidence, treatment patterns, and outcomes among patients with PNET.MethodsThe National Cancer Database was queried for diagnoses of PNET between 2004 and 2014. Patients were dichotomized based on tumor type (central [cPNET] vs peripheral [pPNET]). Demographic, tumor, treatment, and outcome variables were analyzed for the entire patient cohort and by type of PNET.ResultsWhite (86.4%) males (56.6%) represented the majority of patients. The incidence of PNET remained stable over the study period (r2 = 0.0821). A total of 70.7% underwent surgical resection of the primary site, 50.3% received radiation, and 74.7% received systemic chemotherapy. Compared to those with pPNET, patients with cPNET more often received radiation treatment (P < .001), primary tumor resection (P < .001), and experienced increased 90‐day mortality (P < .014).ConclusioncPNET and pPNET are rare and aggressive malignancies that tend to arise in White males. Multimodal treatment including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation is conventional. Patients with cPNET more often receive radiation and primary tumor resection with increased 90‐day mortality.
Novel mechanical ventilator weaning predictive model
Authors: Chung Wei‐Chan , Sheu Chau‐Chyun , Hung Jen‐Yu , Hsu Tuan‐Jung , Yang Ssu‐Han , Tsai Jong‐Rung 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMechanical ventilation (MV) is a common life support system in intensive care units. Accurate identification of patients who are capable of being extubated can shorten the MV duration and potentially reduce MV‐related complications. Therefore, prediction of patients who can successfully be weaned from the mechanical ventilator is an important issue. The electronic medical record system (EMRs) has been applied and developed in respiratory therapy in recent years. It can increase the quality of critical care. However, there is no perfect index available that can be used to determine successful MV weaning. Our purpose was to establish a novel model that can predict successful weaning from MV. Patients' information was collected from the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital respiratory therapy EMRs. In this retrospective study, we collected basic information, classic weaning index, and respiratory parameters during spontaneous breathing trials of patients eligible for extubation. According to the results of extubation, patients were divided into successful extubation and extubation failure groups. This retrospective cohort study included 169 patients. Statistical analysis revealed successful extubation predictors, including sex; height; oxygen saturation; Glasgow Coma Scale; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score; pulmonary disease history; and the first, 30th, 60th, and 90th minute respiratory parameters. We built a predictive model based on these predictors. The area under the curve of this model was 0.889. We established a model for predicting the successful extubation. This model was novel to combine with serial weaning parameters and thus can help intensivists to make extubation decisions easily.
Double‐Blind Placebo‐Controlled Trial of Bepotastine Salicylate in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Mo Ji‐Hun , Jeong Jin Hyeok , Kim Tae Hoon , Kim Seon‐Tae , Kim Soo Whan , Lee Kun Hee , Hong Seung‐No , Kim Hyo Yeol , Kim Dae Woo , Kim Dong‐Young , Kim Chang‐Hoon , Cho Seok Hyun , Rhee Chae‐Seo 
Published: July 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of a slow‐release form of bepotastine salicylate (HL151, Belion CR) in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR).Study DesignDouble‐blind, placebo‐controlled multicenter comparative study.MethodsTwo hundred seventy‐two PAR patients (aged 19–65 years) were studied to determine the efficacy and safety of HL151 (20 mg once daily administration) relative to those of a placebo in terms of improvements in total and nasal symptom scores. The subjects were randomized to the placebo (n = 138) or HL151 group (n = 134, 20 mg orally once daily for 4 weeks), and reflective and instantaneous total nasal symptom scores (TNSS) were measured daily in comparison with baseline. Among 272 subjects, 229 subjects (119 in the placebo group, 110 in the HL151 group) who completed the study were included for efficacy analysis.ResultsInstantaneous and reflective TNSS and nasal symptoms such as rhinorrhea, nasal itching, and sneezing at 2 and 4 weeks showed that HL151 was superior to the placebo (all P < .05). There were no significant differences in terms of adverse events and adverse drug reactions between the two groups. Regarding serious adverse events, there was only one case of acute hepatitis B, which was reported not to be associated with HL151.ConclusionsThis multicenter trial showed that once‐daily use of HL151 is efficacious and safe in adult patients with PAR and could improve compliance due to its convenience.Level of Evidence1b Laryngoscope, 131:E702–E709, 2021
Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Design Ethylene/1‐Olefin Copolymers
Authors: Charoenpanich Thanutchoke , Anantawaraskul Siripon , Soares João B. P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFour global optimization techniques, genetic algorithm, particle swarm, improved ant colony, and modified artificial bee colony, are compared to find alternative polymerization conditions to make ethylene/1‐olefin copolymers with targeted microstructures and polymerization yields. The polymer microstructure targets are divided in three groups: 1) molecular weight distribution, chemical composition distribution, and polymer yield; 2) number and weight average molecular weights, average comonomer content, and polymer yield; and 3) molecular weight distribution, short chain branching distribution, and polymer yield. The modified artificial bee colony optimization generated the fewest number of incorrect solutions, while the polymer microstructure target group 1 generated the most successful solutions.