bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ternary nanocomposite carriers based on organic clay-lipid vesicles as an effective colon-targeted drug delivery system: preparation and in vitro/in vivo characterization
Authors: Kim Hyeon Young , Cheon Jae Hee , Lee Sang Hoon , Min Jeong Youn , Back Seung-Yun , Song Jae Geun , Kim Da Hye , Lim Soo-Jeong , Han Hyo-Kyung 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to develop a new colon-targeted drug delivery system via the preparation of ternary nanocomposite carriers based on organic polymer, aminoclay and lipid vesicles. Budesonide (Bud), an anti-inflammatory drug was chosen as a model drug and encapsulated into three different formulations: liposome (Bud-Lip), aminoclay-coated liposome (AC-Bud-Lip), and Eudragit® S100-aminoclay double coated liposome (EAC-Bud-Lip). The formation of the aminoclay-lipid vesicle nanocomposite was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectrum, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. All formulations were produced with a high encapsulation efficiency in a narrow size distribution. Drug release from EAC-Bud-Lip was approximately 10% for 2-h incubation at pH 1.2, implying the minimal drug release in acidic gastric condition. At pH 7.4, EAC-Bud-Lip underwent significant size reduction and exhibited drug release profiles similar to that from AC-Bud-Lip, implying the pH-dependent removal of the outer coating layer. Compared to free Bud solution, EAC-Bud-Lip achieved a higher drug uptake in Caco-2 cells and exhibited a stronger inhibition of TNF-α and IL-6 secretion in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 cells. Furthermore, a bio-distribution study in mice demonstrated that Eudragit® S100-aminoclay dual coating led to a higher colonic distribution with a longer residence time, which correlated well with the delayed systemic drug exposure in rats. Taken together, the present study suggests that the ternary nanocomposite carrier consisting of Eudragit® S100, aminoclay, and lipid vesicle might be useful as an effective colon-targeted drug delivery system.
A retrospective register study comparing fibrinogen treated trauma patients with an injury severity score matched control group
Authors: Almskog Lou M. , Hammar Ulf , Wikman Agneta , Östlund Anders , Svensson Jonas , Wanecek Michael , Ågren Anna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundFibrinogen concentrate (FC) is frequently used to treat bleeding trauma patients, although the clinical effects are not well known. In this study we describe demographic and clinical outcome data in a cohort of trauma patients receiving FC, compared to a matched control group, who did not receive FC.MethodsThis retrospective, single-center, observational study included adult trauma patients admitted to a level 1-trauma center in Sweden between January 2013 and June 2015. The study population consisted of patients to whom FC was administrated within 24 h (n = 138, “Fib+”). Patients with Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 49 and/or deceased within 1 h from arrival were excluded (n = 30). Controls (n = 108) were matched for age, gender and ISS (“Fib-“). Primary outcome was mortality (24 h−/30 days−/1 year-), and secondary outcomes were blood transfusions, thromboembolic events and organ failure.ResultsThe Fib+ group, despite having similar ISS as Fib-, had higher prevalence of penetrating trauma and lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), indicating more severe injuries. Patients receiving FC had a higher mortality after 24 h/ 30 days/ 1 year compared to controls (Fib-). However, in a propensity score matched model, the differences in mortality between Fib+ and Fib- were no longer significant. Blood transfusions were more common in the Fib+ group, but no difference was observed in thromboembolic events or organ failure. In both groups, low as well as high P-fibrinogen levels at arrival were associated with increased mortality, with the lowest mortality observed at P-fibrinogen values of 2–3 g/l.ConclusionsDespite equal ISS, patients receiving FC had a higher mortality compared to the control group, presumably associated to the fact that these patients were bleeding and physiologically deranged on arrival. When applying a propensity score matching approach, the difference in mortality between the groups was no longer significant. No differences were observed between the groups regarding thromboembolic events or organ failure, despite higher transfusion volumes in patients receiving FC.
Protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of independent pharmacist prescribing in care homes: the CHIPPS study
Authors:   On behalf of the CHIPPS Team, Bond Christine M. , Holland Richard , Alldred David P. , Arthur Antony , Barton Garry , Blyth Annie , Desborough James , Ford Joanna , Handford Christine , Hill Helen , Hughes Carmel M. , Maskrey Vivienne , Massey Kate , Myint Phyo K. , Norris Nigel , Poland Fiona M. , Shepstone Lee , Turner David , Zermansky Arnold , Wright David 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Prescribing, monitoring and administration of medicines in care homes could be improved. Research has identified the need for one person to assume overall responsibility for the management of medicines within each care home. and shown that a pharmacist independent prescriber service is feasible in this context.

Aims and objectives
To conduct a cluster randomised controlled trial to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a pharmacist-independent prescribing service in care homes compared to usual general practitioner (GP)-led care.

Objectives
To perform a definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT) with an internal pilot to determine the intervention’s effectiveness and cost-effectiveness and enable modelling beyond the end of the trial.

Methods
This protocol is for a cluster RCT with a 3-month internal pilot to confirm that recruitment is achievable, and there are no safety concerns. The unit of randomisation is a triad comprising a pharmacist-independent prescriber (PIP) based in a GP practice with sufficient registered patients resident in one or more care homes to allow recruitment of an average of 20 participants. In the intervention group, the PIP will, in collaboration with the GP: assume responsibility for prescribing and managing residents’ medicines including medication review and pharmaceutical care planning; support systematic ordering and administration in the care home, GP practice and supplying pharmacy; train care home and GP practice staff; communicate with GP practice, care home, supplying community pharmacy and study team.
The intervention will last 6 months. The primary outcome will be resident falls at 6 months. Secondary outcomes include resident health-related quality of life, falls at 3 months, medication burden, medication appropriateness, mortality and hospitalisations. A full health economic analysis will be undertaken. The target sample size is 880 residents (440) in each arm) from 44 triads. This number is sufficient to detect a decrease in fall rate from 1.5 per individual to 1.178 (relative reduction of 21%) with 80% power and an ICC of 0.05 or less.

Discussion
Recruitment is on-going and the trial should complete in early 2020. The trial results will have implications for the future management of residents in care homes and the ongoing implementation of independent pharmacist prescribing.

Trial registration
ISRCTN, ID: 17847169. Registered on 15 December 2017.
Morphological and genetic characteristics of F1 hybrids introgressed from Brassica napus to B. rapa in Taiwan
Authors: Tu Yuan-Kai , Chen Han-Wei , Tseng Kuang-Yu , Lin Yen-Chun , Kuo Bo-Jein 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Unintentional introgression from genetically modified (GM) oilseed rape (Brassica napus) to a relative is inevitable in the open field. A feasible and practical strategy for restricting the spread of GM offspring is to set a reasonable isolated distance between GM B. napus and the relatives. To define the isolated distance, a pollen donor/recipient pair is a prerequisite to conducting the field trial of pollen flow. However, because the cultivation of GM B. napus is prohibited in Taiwan, it is difficult to obtain relevant information. Thus, this study explored the morphological and genetic characteristics of five varieties of B. napus (donor), three varieties of B. rapa (recipient), and the 15 corresponding F1 hybrids, aiming to construct phenotypic data and genetic variation data and to select the most appropriate pollen donor/recipient for future field trials of pollen flow.

Results
The genome size of all F1 hybrids estimated using flow cytometry showed intermediate DNA content between B. napus and B. rapa varieties. Most of the F1 hybrids had intermediate plant height and blooming period, and the rosette leaves type and colors resembled those of B. napus varieties. The results of sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) showed an average of 9.52 bands per primer combination and 67.87 polymorphic bands among the F1 hybrid population. Similarity and cluster analyses revealed higher similarity between F1 hybrids and B. napus varieties than between F1 hybrids and B. rapa varieties. Furthermore, we identified a specific 1100-bp band (LOC106302894) in F1 hybrids and B. napus varieties but not in B. rapa varieties.

Conclusions
The rosette leaves and the DNA marker LOC106302894 observed in F1 hybrids are consistent phenotypic and genetic characteristics that can be used to identify the presence of unintentional hybridization from B. napus to B. rapa in Taiwan. Due to the prohibition of GM crop cultivation, the hybridization system of non-GM Brassica species in this study can be utilized as a mimic scheme to conduct pollen flow trials, thus facilitating the determination of the proper isolated distance.
Evaluation of inhaled beta-2 agonist in management of transient tachypnea of the newborn
Authors: Talaat Ahmed A. , Abohashish Maha M. A. , Farid Tarek M. , Salah Mohab M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundTransient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a common cause of early neonatal respiratory distress. It is due to delayed clearance of fetal lung fluid.AimTo evaluate the effect of inhaled salbutamol, a beta-2 adrenergic agonist (β2AA), in management of TTN and to detect any side effects as a result of using itMethodsA total of 100 infants with TTN were randomly divided into two groups to receive either inhaled salbutamol (treatment group) or an equal volume of normal saline solution (placebo group) at the time of diagnosis. At enrollment (by the 6th hour), complete blood count, blood glucose, serum potassium (K+), arterial blood gasses, respiratory rate, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation (O2Sat), fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), and TTN clinical score were determined for all patients. At 0.5, 1, and 4 h after drug administration, respiratory rate, heart rate, O2Sat, FiO2, and the clinical TTN score were recorded. At 4 h after treatment, arterial blood gasses, serum K+, and blood glucose levels were measured again. The duration of total respiratory support and the duration of hospitalization were recorded as well.ResultsNo statistically significant differences existed between both groups in terms of gestational age, birth weight, gender, mode of delivery, Apgar score, or maternal risk factors. The duration of respiratory support and duration of hospitalization were significantly shorter in the treatment (salbutamol) group (P < 0.0005,P < 0.0002, respectively). In the treatment (salbutamol) group; the respiratory rate, FiO2and TTN score were significantly lower after treatment (P < 0.0001,P < 0.0000,P < 0.0000, respectively). Also the PaO2significantly increased (P < 0.0000) with significant improvement in PH (P < 0.0001) and significant reduction in PaCO2(P < 0.03). However, there were no statistically significant differences in heart rates, serum K+, or glucose levels after treatment.ConclusionInhaled salbutamol, a β2AA, was effective in reducing the duration of respiratory support and hospitalization in TTN, with no detected side effects.
Application of the ASCO Value Framework and ESMO Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale to Assess the Value of Abiraterone and Enzalutamide in Advanced Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wong Sarah E. , Everest Louis , Jiang Di M. , Saluja Ronak , Chan Kelvin K.W. , Sridhar Srikala S. 
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE: As novel hormonal therapies, such as abiraterone and enzalutamide, move into earlier stages of treatment of advanced prostate cancer, there are significant cost implications. We used the ASCO Value Framework (AVF) and European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (MCBS) to quantify and compare the incremental clinical benefit and costs of these agents in the metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) settings. METHODS: We searched PubMed for randomized phase III trials of abiraterone and enzalutamide in mCRPC and mCSPC. Incremental clinical benefit was quantified using the AVF and ESMO-MCBS by 2 independent assessors. Incremental drug costs were calculated using average wholesale prices (AWPs) from the RED BOOK Online. RESULTS: In mCRPC, 2 abiraterone trials (COU-AA-301 and COU-AA-302) and 2 enzalutamide trials (AFFIRM and PREVAIL) met search criteria. AVF scores ranged from 46.3 to 66.6, suggesting clinical benefit; ESMO-MCBS scores ranged from 3 to 5, with lower clinical benefit in the mCRPC predocetaxel setting. The overall incremental AWP ranged from $83,460.94 to $205,128.85. In mCSPC, 4 trials met criteria (LATITUDE, STAMPEDE, ENZAMET, and ARCHES; AVF scores were 79.8, 33.3, 59, and 17, respectively). All of the studies showed benefit except ARCHES. By ESMO-MCBS, both LATITUDE and STAMPEDE showed benefit (score for 4 for both studies); ENZAMET and ARCHES were not evaluable. The overall cost of treatment was significantly higher in the mCSPC setting. CONCLUSION: The AVF and ESMO-MCBS frameworks generated slightly different results but suggested that abiraterone and enzalutamide show clinical benefit in both mCRPC and mCSPC but trended to lower clinical benefit and increased costs in earlier disease stages. Further refinement of the AVF and ESMO-MCBS is needed to facilitate their use and their ability to inform clinical practice in a rapidly changing treatment landscape.
Comparison of enteral and parenteral nutrition in critically ill patient of Intensive Care Unit: a systematic review
Authors: Patsiou Eirini-Chrysovalanto , Rousou Erofili , Kelesi Martha , Fasoi Georgia 
Published: January 2020

Background: The enteral nutrition (EN) is the first choice of nutritional support for critically ill patients. Despite the fact that the most common practice is choosing continuous EN, there is a controversy about which is the safest and most effective method of nutrition.Aim: The aim of this systematic review was the analysis of the effect of EN compared to PN for patients that are hospitalized in ICUs, as a function of to the cost and the time of hospitalisation, the hospital-acquired infections, complications and mortality.Material and Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in English and Greek language, of published articles during the past 5 years. Articles were unidentified in electronic databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library and Iatrotek using keywords. Grey literature was also taken involved. Finally, 4 studies were included in the systematic review, after the application of exclusion and inclusion criteria.Results: Eight hundred thirty-eight articles (838) were recovered using keywords. The studies that were finally included and further analysed consisted of 2 systematic reviews and meta-analyses, one randomised clinical trial, a multicentre controlled randomised trial and a systematic review. The method of nutrition (enteral or parenteral) is not related to mortality. The EN is related to less blood bacterial infections and reduction in the time of hospitalization. On the other hand, it causes more gastrointestinal complications. On average, the cost of parenteral nutrition is higher than intestinal.Conclusions: The EN is indicated to be the primary nutritional support of ICU-treated patients, with the advantage of reduced haematogenous infections and organ failure, beside the fact that it still is a challenging procedure. Critically ill patients are a heterogeneous group, in which each patient needs a personalised diet, depending on the diagnosis, the time spent in the ICU and the variety of possible complications.
The emergence of depression in teenagers and the role of health professionals
Authors: Argyriadis Alexandros , Tryfonos Andria , Gourni Maritsa , Asimakopoulou Evanthia , Sapountzi-Krepia Despoina , Agyriadi Agathi 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Depression is one of the most common mental disorders and a serious disease that plagues many people today who end up in this through their various problems. The prevention and treatment of adolescent depression is a major issue for the society and for this reason it is important to further study this issue.Aim: This study aims to explore research studies about teenagers’ depression and its effects as well as ways to prevent and address it. Moreover, it aims to seek all cultural and historical aspects of the individual and his/her family to further understand the issue. Material and Method: This is a systematic review of research studies in the electronic databases EBSCO, MedLine, Pubmed journals and books and articles referring to the issue of teenage depression.Results: This systematic review showed that depression is a daily occurrence that affects many people and that adolescents with depression tend to multiply rather than diminish. Among the most important methods of treatment are psychotherapy and reading books.Conclusions: Young people with depression problems find difficulties in their performance in school and society and often have changes in their eating habits as they stretch their weight very often. The consequence of all the above is often suicidal behavior and suicidal tendencies or even thoughts of suicide. So the necessary prevention is needed to avoid unpleasant situations.
Biomarkers of acute kidney injury in a mixed ICU population. a narrative review
Authors: Panagidis Dimitrios , Nanas Serafim , Kokkoris Stelios 
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Acute kidney injury is a severe complication occurring in critically ill patients treated in the intensive care units, which has a significant impact on morbidity and mortality in these patients. Moreover, despite technological and pharmaceutical advances during the last decades, acute kidney injury is still associated with markedly increased morbidity and mortality. Creatinine, the most common renal dysfunction biomarker in use, has poor predictive accuracy for renal injury due to time delay in its increase and the influence by other factors on its serum concentration such as age, gender, muscle mass etc. Therefore, the need for better renal biomarkers in order to early detect and intervene for acute kidney injury prevention is imperative. During the last years several new acute kidney injury biomarkers have been discovered and validated to improve early detection of patients in risk groups for progressive renal failure, need for renal replacement therapy or death. Aim: The purpose of the present article is to review the studies that have tested the predictive ability of those biomarkers (in urine and/or plasma) for early detection of acute kidney injury in the mixed adult intensive care unit population. Material and Method: We searched Medline (PubMed) using the keywords: acute kidney injury, biomarkers, renal failure, ICU.Results: The most relevant articles were included in this review.Conclusions: During the past decade, multiple AKI biomarkers have been studied and viewed as promising. Further studies are needed to determine their clinical utility.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE MEDICAMENTOS POR GESTANTES: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DA LITERATURA
Authors: SILVA LÍCIA KAIRA PEREIRA , Marques Ana Emilia Formiga 
Published: January 2020

Introdução: A gravidez é período em que o organismo da mulher sofre grandes alterações, sendo a maioria dessas alterações não patológicas e em decorrência dessas alterações fisiológicas. Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica acerca do uso de medicamentos no período da gestação. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura onde foram analisados artigos indexados nas bases de dados LILACS, SCIELO e MEDLINE com os descritores: Gestantes, Uso de medicamentos e Farmacoepidemiologia, no período entre 2013 e 2018. Resultados: A revisão sistemática foi estruturada por meio de 11 artigos e após a análise dos dados constatou-se que com exceção do ácido fólico, a maioria das gestantes relatadas nos estudos fez uso de pelo menos um medicamento, sendo os antibióticos os mais prescritos. A maior parte dos medicamentos utilizados são pertencentes a classes que o seu uso é considerado seguro durante a gravidez. Em relação à automedicação, observou-se que muitas mulheres gestantes fazem uso de medicamentos por contra própria para tratar sintomas comuns à gravidez, sendo o percentual mais alto de automedicação antes do início do pré-natal. Conclusão: Assim conclui-se que as gestantes apresentam desconhecimento dos riscos da automedicação e que o profissional farmacêutico é de fundamental importância no acompanhamento da gestante, visando prevenir possíveis complicações tanto na mãe quanto no feto.
Complex refractive index of volcanic ash aerosol in the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet
Authors: Deguine Alexandre , Petitprez Denis , Clarisse Lieven , Guđmundsson Snævarr , Outes Valeria , Villarosa Gustavo , Herbin Hervé 
Published: January 2020

Very fine silicate-rich volcanic ash, generated by explosive volcanic eruptions, can efficiently be traced downwind with infrared satellite sounders. Their measurements can also be used to derive physical parameters, such as optical depths and effective radii. However, one of the key requirements for accurate retrievals is a good knowledge of the complex refractive index (CRI) of the ash under investigation. In the past, the vast majority of the studies used the CRIs from Pollack et al. [Icarus 19, 372 (1973)ICRSA50019-103510.1016/0019-1035(73)90115-2], which are based on measurements of thin slices of volcanic rock, and therefore are not representative for airborne volcanic ash particles. Here, we report measurements of the CRI of volcanic ash in suspension, generated from samples collected from recent high-impact eruptions in Chile (Puyehue-Cordón Caulle, Calbuco, and Chaitén), Iceland (Eyjafjallajökull and Grímsvötn), and Italy (Etna). The samples cover a wide range of

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content (46% to 76%) as confirmed by an X-ray fluorescence analysis. In the experimental setup, volcanic ash was suspended in nitrogen through mechanical agitation. Extinction spectra were recorded in the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet spectral regions. The particle size distribution within the airflow was also recorded. An iterative algorithm allowed us to obtain fully consistent CRIs for the six samples, compatible with the observed extinction spectra and the Kramers–Krönig relations. While a good agreement is found with other recently reported CRIs in the UV/Vis, larger differences are found in the longwave infrared spectral region.