bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A machine learning-based severity stratification tool for High altitude pulmonary edema
Authors: Gesang Luobu , Suona Yangzong , Danzeng Zhuoga , Ci Bai , Gesang Quzhen , Cidan WangJiu , Dingzeng Qiangba , Baima Zhuoga , Zhaxi Quzhen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This study aimed to identify key predictors for the severity of High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) to assist clinicians in promptly recognizing severely affected patients in the emergency department, thereby reducing associated mortality rates. Logistic regression, random forest, and decision tree methods were utilized to determine important predictor variables and evaluate model performance. A total of 508 patients diagnosed with HAPE were included in the study, with 53 variables analyzed. Lung rales, sputum coughing, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were identified as the most relevant predictors for the LASSO model. Subsequently, logistic regression, decision tree, and random forest models were trained and evaluated using these factors on a test set. The random forest model showed the highest performance, with an accuracy of 77.94%, precision of 70.27%, recall of 68.22%, and F1 score of 68.96%, outperforming the other models. Further analysis revealed significant differences in predictive capabilities among the models for HAPE patients at varying severity levels. The random forest model demonstrated high predictive accuracy across all severity levels of HAPE, particularly excelling in identifying severely ill patients with an impressive AUC of 0.86. The study assessed the reliability and effectiveness of the HAPE severity scoring model by validating logistic regression and random forest models. This study introduces a valuable screening tool for categorizing the severity of HAPE, aiding healthcare providers in recognizing individuals with severe HAPE, enabling prompt treatment and the formulation of suitable therapeutic approaches.
Detection of Myocardial Infarction by Non-ECG Gated, Contrast-Enhanced CT: Initial Experience
Authors: Zhou Jia‐Hao , Wu Meng-Yu , Hsiao Jong-Kai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Coronary heart disease is a leading cause of death in developed countries. While ECG-gated coronary CT is commonly used to detect coronary artery stenosis, the role of non-ECG-gated CT (NECE-CT) in detecting myocardial infarction (MI) remains underexplored, particularly in emergency settings where rapid diagnosis is crucial. This study retrospectively analyzed 22 suspected MI patients from the emergency department who underwent NECE-CT without an initial diagnosis of AMI or available cardiac enzyme or ECG data. Acute MI was confirmed in 45% (n = 10) of patients, with 30% (n = 3/10) showing elevated troponin-I levels only after the CT exam. In the MI group, all patients had perfusion defects, with 20% (n = 2) showing transmural defects and 80% (n = 8) showing endocardial defects. In contrast, all patients in the non-MI group exhibited endocardial defects. Coronary artery calcification was significantly higher in the MI group (70%) compared to the non-MI group (25%, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that NECE-CT can reliably detect MI, with some cases being diagnosed earlier than with standard methods. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm its efficacy in early MI detection.
Enhancing Nutritional Health and Patient Satisfaction Five Years After Metabolic Bariatric Surgery with Targeted Supplementation
Authors: Gorini Stefania , Camajani Elisabetta , Franchi Arianna , Cava Edda , Gentileschi Paolo , Bellia Alfonso , Karav Sercan , Sbraccia Paolo , Caprio Massimiliano , Lombardo Mauro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Thisstudy aims to analyze the long-term outcomes of metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS), focusing on weight loss, nutritional deficiencies, and patient satisfaction, by evaluating different surgical techniques. We conducted a five-year retrospective analysis of 249 patients who underwent MBS at a specialized center. The overall sample had an average age of 38.5 years, weight of 118.5 kg, and BMI of 43.2 kg/m². The mean excess weight loss (%EWL) at 60 months was 92.1% ± 25.8% (p = 0.013). Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) showed similar weight loss patterns, while Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) demonstrated further weight reduction from the third year onwards. Patients revised from LSG to RYGB had significantly greater weight loss (102.1%) compared to those revised to MGB (84.6%, p < 0.05). Nutritional deficiencies persisted, with 41.2% of revised LSG patients experiencing iron deficiency and 14.3% developing new vitamin D deficiencies (p < 0.05). Most patients (85%) reported improvements in quality of life, and 85% expressed a willingness to undergo surgery again (p = 0.0028). Our results highlight the link between surgical revisions and increased supplement use, with persistent iron and vitamin D deficiencies. While MBS led to substantial and sustained weight loss, especially in RYGB patients, revisions, particularly from LSG to RYGB, were associated with greater weight loss but also higher nutritional risks. These results emphasise the importance of individualised supplementation and long-term monitoring after the intervention. Type-targeted supplementation represents an innovative strategy in long-term nutritional support for bariatric patients. Future studies on larger cohorts and with validated tools could confirm these results and strengthen clinical guidelines for optimising nutritional health. This paper has been registered to ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT06664580).
Symptoms in Oral Cancer within End of Chemoradiotherapy: A Factor and Cluster Analysis
Authors: Zhang Jiarou , Guo Yulai , Zheng Yu , Li Zijun , GAO JI , Zheng Xiaoyan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To explore the symptom classification of oral cancer patients within 24 hours of the end of chemoradiotherapy using factor analysis combined with cluster analysis.
Methods
A questionnaire was administered to oral cancer patients in China, and the frequency of all symptoms was calculated, and the main symptom information was included in a factor analysis matrix (rotated) to extract the common factor, which was then used as a variable for systematic cluster analysis.
Results
A total of 5 male factors were screened by factor analysis, with a cumulative contribution rate of 62.691%, excluding the symptom of constipation; they were classified into 3 categories by cluster analysis, corresponding to the 3 symptom clusters.
Conclusion
Symptoms of oral cancer patients within 24 hours of the end of chemoradiotherapy were classified into three groups: radiotherapy side-effect symptom group, salivary-psycho-emotional symptom group, and dysphagia symptom group, each with its own characteristics, of which dysphagia was the most important symptom, which provided new ideas for healthcare professionals to formulate a personalized treatment plan for the patients by identifying each type of symptom group.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance of Non-stoichiometric WO 3-x Nanocrystals Via Near-Infrared Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Zafari Mohsen , Tehrani Fatemeh Shariatmadar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The use of non-stoichiometric metal oxides as cheaper and abundant plasmonic materials is an effective way to increase photocatalytic performance. This report shows that WO3-x nanocrystals exhibit a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band in the near-infrared (NIR) and photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of methylene blue (MB). In this report, the LSPR absorption spectrum was simulated using the Mie-Gans theory, and free carrier density (Ne) was calculated. Our findings show that increasing the aspect ratio after calcination shifts the LSPR peak from 1213 to 1771 nm (a remarkable redshift at about 560 nm). In addition, we found that the calcination process leads to the values of Ne as high as 2.03 ×1022 cm–3, which is close to that of plasmonic noble metals, and thus our oxide-based nanostructures can be considered as quasi-metallic. Furthermore, the photodegradation rate of W1.5NC for MB was 0.01228 min-1, about 6.3 times higher than that of W3. This shows that the high photocatalytic performance of W1.5NC can be attributed to the significant enhancement of electron-hole pair generation and separation due to localized surface plasmon resonance. Finally, based on photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, we proposed a light-harvesting mechanism for WO3-x nanocrystals.
Exploratory Study of Fall Event Recording in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis using Clinical Practice Research Datalink and Hospital Episode Statistics Linked Data
Authors: Taqi Aqila , Gran Sonia , Knaggs Roger David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
The present study explored fall recording in primary care data and in primary- secondary care linked data, to inform the data source adequacy for examining the association between analgesic use and the risk of falls in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).
Method
Data were obtained from the clinical practice research datalink (CPRD) and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES). The study population included adults with an incident diagnosis of KOA recorded in CPRD between 2000 and 2014. The study captured the proportion of fallers in CPRD, HES or both and measured the gap between fall recording in both databases. Descriptive statistics were used report study measures
Results
There were 104,082 patients diagnosed with KOA in CPRD standalone data; 3,275 (3.1%) of them had a fall while HES-linked data included 57,383 and 2,384 (4.1%) of them had a fall recorded within one year of KOA diagnosis. Among the linked population, 1,852 (3.2%) had a fall record only in CPRD; however, there were an additional 365 (0.6%) patients who had a fall recorded only within HES data, while167 (0.3%) patients had it recorded in both databases. There was a median of 19.5 days’ difference (IQR 4.5, 91) in fall recording between primary and secondary care data.
Conclusion
CPRD records included 84.7% of the overall falls experienced by patients within one year of their KOA diagnosis. However, 15.3% of the falls were only recorded in hospital data; although not a substantial proportion, this represents a group that probably suffered a serious event.
Is muscarinic receptor agonist effective and tolerant for schizophrenia? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guo Xiaonan , Deng Rongshan , Lai Jianbo , Hu Shaohua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have recently examined the efficacy and tolerability of muscarinic receptor agonists in schizophrenia. However, whether therapeutics targeting muscarinic receptors improve symptom management and reduce side effects remains systemically unexplored.
Methods:
Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched from inception until May 16, 2024. Altogether, the efficacy and safety outcomes of four RCTs (397 individuals in the muscarinic receptor agonists group, and 374 in the placebo control group) were meta-analyzed. To compare scores of positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), response rate, discontinuation rate, and adverse events with muscarinic receptor agonists vs placebo in patients with schizophrenia, scale changes were pooled as mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes and risk ratio (RR) for categorical outcomes.
Results:
It revealed that muscarinic receptor agonists were superior to placebo in terms of decrease in the total PANSS score (MD, − 9.92; 95% CI, -12.46 to -7.37; I2 = 0%), PANSS positive symptom subscore (MD, − 3.21; 95% CI, -4.02 to -2.40; I2 = 0%), and PANSS negative symptom subscore (MD, -1.79; 95% CI, -2.47 to -1.11; I2 = 48%). According to the study-defined response rate, the pooled muscarinic receptor agonists vs placebo RR was 2.08 (95% CI, 1.59 to 2.72; I2 = 0%). No significance was found in the discontinuation rate. Muscarinic receptor agonists were associated with a higher risk of nausea (RR = 4.61, 95% CI, 2.65 to 8.02; I2 = 3%), and in particular, xanomeline-trospium was associated with risks of dyspepsia, vomiting, and constipation.
Conclusions:
The findings highlighted an efficacy advantage with tolerated adverse event profiles for muscarinic receptor agonists in schizophrenia.
Functional Outcomes and Return to Sport Following Arthroscopic Surgery for Femoroacetabular Impingement in Rugby Union Players
Authors: Portet Adrien , Lambrey Pierre-Jean , Souberou Lebenin , Hager Jean-Philippe , Thaunat Mathieu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a common cause of hip pain and decreased quality of life among athletes, particularly in sports involving multidirectional movements. Despite its prevalence, there is a lack of specific studies on the outcomes of FAI surgery in rugby union players (RUP). To analyze the functional results and return to sport (RTS) after arthroscopic surgery in RUP suffering from FAI.
Methods: This before/after cohort study included RUP under 35 years who underwent primary hip arthroscopy for FAI. Data collected included demographic information, rugby level, type of FAI, and radiographic arthritis stage. Functional outcomes were measured using various scores, including Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), IHOT-12, Tegner Activity Scale (TAS), and Pain on Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Statistical analysis was performed to compare scores pre- and post-operatively and identify factors associated with return to rugby.
Results: Forty-six hips in 36 patients were analyzed. At a mean follow-up of 3.9 years, significant improvements were observed in all functional scores, except the TAS. mHHS improved by +21.8 points, and the IHOT-12 by +46.1 points. 41% of patients returned to their previous or higher level of rugby, 46% resumed rugby at a lower level, and 13% ceased playing. Age, preoperative sports level, symptom duration, and radiographic arthritis stage were significant factors for partial resumption or cessation of rugby.
Conclusion: Arthroscopic surgery for FAI in RUP yields satisfactory functional outcomes. However, factors such as age, preoperative sports level, symptom duration, and radiographic arthritis stage significantly influence the likelihood of RTS.
Study design: Level IV, Retrospective cohort study
Hazelnut Classification and Weight Estimation
Authors: Kadirhanoğulları İbrahim Hakkı , GÜLSOY Ersin , GÜLBE Alper 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Hazelnut is a nutritious and delicious nut that is consumed fondly. Hazelnuts also stand out with their economic value. Traditional methods have long been used to classify hazelnuts. However, these methods are time consuming, costly and require expertise. Today, using image-based deep learning classifiers to automatically classify hazelnut varieties can provide significant advantages in agricultural activities. It can increase the productivity of agricultural products. The main objective of this study is to classify hazelnut varieties and make weight estimation using artificial neural networks (ANN). In the study, a data set was created by collecting a total of 700 photo samples from five different hazelnut varieties, namely Çakıldak, Koca kulak, Palaz, Yağlı and Yomra. Then, a new and novel artificial neural network model was developed. The neural network model achieved 100% success in the classification of hazelnut varieties and 72% success in weight prediction. These results demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence applications in agriculture. In future studies, it is recommended to test different artificial intelligence algorithms for classification and weight estimation of different agricultural products.
Anthropometrics, Cancer Risks, and Survival Outcomes in Adult Patients with Glioma – A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ahn Jaehyun , Kim Joonseok , Shin Christopher , Ahn Stephen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The association between anthropometric measures, including height and BMI, and cancer has been widely discussed, but their role glioma development and survival remains unclear due to conflicting evidence. We synthesized existing data on the relationship between these measures and both the incidence and survival outcomes of glioma patients.
Methods
Papers reporting relationship between anthropometric measures and the risk of glioma, both incidence and survival, were regarded as relevant. All relevant papers published until January 31, 2024, were selected from PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Studies were evaluated according to the modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Results were reported following the PRISMA reporting guideline. Hazard ratios, relative risks, and 95% confidence intervals were pooled and synthesized.
Findings
Among 940 screened articles, 23 were included. Taller height was associated with increased glioma (HR per 10 cm, 1.19; CI, 1.16 to 1.23) and glioblastoma risk (HR per 10 cm, 1.25; CI, 1.18 to 1.31). Higher BMI correlated with an increased glioma risk, both in categorical (RR, 1.08; CI, 1.03 to 1.12) and continuous measures (HR per 5kg/m2, 1.01; CI, 1.00 to 1.03). Glioblastoma demonstrated a higher incidence (HR per 5kg/m2, 1.02; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.05) and improved survival (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.96) with increasing BMI.
Interpretation
This study synthesizes current evidence to provide critical insights into the relationship between glioma and anthropometric measures. Gliomas were influenced by these measures in terms of incidence and survival. Further research is necessary to uncover the underlying mechanisms and develop preventative or therapeutic strategies.
Reliability of intraoral scanning for capturing gingival morphology and color in periodontitis patients
Authors: Li Linlin , Li Wei , Huang Shengyuan , Dai Dong , Zhao Jing , Lin Jiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: To evaluate the reliability of intraoral scanning for recording the morphology and color of gingival tissues in the anterior teeth region of periodontitis patients.
Methods: Direct and indirect digital maxillary models of ten periodontitis patients were acquired by an intraoral scanner (IOS) and a conventional impression (CI), respectively. Superimposition of the digital models was performed to calculate the 3D deviation of the gingival tissues of the anterior teeth between pairwise digital models. Color values (L*a*b*) were recorded at thirteen anterior gingival sites, and the color differences (ΔE*) were calculated. Precision was analyzed using paired-samples t-test, color precision with Mann-Whitney U test, and ΔE among different points with one-way ANOVA.
Results: The IOS demonstrated a significantly lower 3D deviation (42.5 ±17.9 μm) compared to CIs (105.3 ±40.8 μm) (R=.001). The overall ΔE* was 5.69 ±2.63. The ΔE values of the gingival margins and middle gingival tissue were 6.24 ±2.62 and 5.07 ±2.46, respectively, and a significant difference was found (R=.009). The ΔE* values of different points were not equal.
Conclusions: Intraoral scanning provides a highly reliable representation of the gingival morphology of periodontitis patients. The precision of the IOS to reproducecolor information of the middle gingival tissue is better than that of the gingival margins.
Trial Registration ID: ChiCTR2200058275
Intraoperative Diabetes Insipidus as a Potential Risk Factor for Postoperative Complications in Moyamoya Disease：A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Lu Jia , Chen Qian , Zhang Xin , Li Yanjiang , Yang Shaoxuan , Jiang Hanqiang , Ni Wei , Gao Chao , Lei Yu , Zhang Jie , Gu Yuxiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background Surgical revascularization is a potent therapy for moyamoya disease. Despite its efficacy, it carries risks like postoperative stroke and hyperperfusion syndrome, the pathogenesis of which remains elusive. Our clinical observations have indicated a propensity for patients to exhibit intraoperative polyuria and electrolyte disturbances, phenomena suggestive of diabetes insipidus(DI). This study aims to uncover latent risk factors in the context of moyamoya disease and to evaluate the predictability of DI.Measurements Data were retrospectively collected from November 2019 to December 2022 .A total of 273 surgical procedures ( 273 hemispheres)were consecutively reviewed. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify if DI was an independent risk factor for the development of postoperative complications within a 30-day period. Subsequently, the risk factors associated with DI were identified utilizing both univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Ultimately, a predictive model for DI was formulated, and a nomogram was constructed to serve as a visual adjunct for clinical application.Results Within a 30-day postoperative period,106 cases (42.4%) manifested hyperperfusion syndrome, while 20 cases (8.0%) suffered postoperative stroke. A total of 113 cases (45.2%) exhibited intraoperative DI, with 67 of these cases subsequently developing postoperative complications. Cases presenting with intraoperative DI had a significantly higher rate of postoperative complications compared to those without this condition (p = 0.02). Subsequent multivariate logistic regression analysis identified intraoperative DI (p = 0.011), elevated Body Mass Index (BMI) (p = 0.032), and ischemic primary disease type (p = 0.015) as independent risk factors for postoperative complications. Furthermore, the same regression analysis revealed that high BMI was a risk factor for intraoperative DI. The area under the curve (AUC) for the model was 0.798..Conclusions Our study delineates that intraoperative DI, high BMI, and ischemic primary disease type are significant risk factors for postoperative complications following surgical revascularization in patients with moyamoya disease. Furthermore, a high BMI was found to be associated with intraoperative DI, suggesting a predictive relationship.Trial registration NCD02305407
Glioblastoma Multiforme Incidence Is Increasing: An Epidemiological Investigation of 100,000 Cases Across the United States
Authors: Sarwar Syed A. , Maddali Anirudh , Adams David , Kumar Rohit Prem , O’Malley Geoffrey R. , Szymanski Linda J. , Goldstein Ira , Patel Nitesh V. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal brain tumor, yet few studies have been conducted to assess its epidemiology in the United States (US).
Methods
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2017 were selected from the SEER research plus program (N = 75047). Age-adjusted annual incidence rates per 100,000 were calculated using the SEER program. To compare GBM rates, non-GBM brain tumor rates were extracted from SEER.
Results
GBM rates have a statistically significant increasing trend over time (β = 0.022, p < 0.01). Conversely, non-GBM rates show a decreasing trend (β=-0.033, p < 0.01). GBM rates were significantly increasing in the Midwest (β = 0.026, p = 0.0033), Northeast (β = 0.037, p < 0.01), South (β = 0.015, p = 0.00080), and West (β = 0.014, p = 0.011). Non-GBM rates were significantly decreasing in the Northeast (β=-0.042, p < 0.01), South (β=-0.038, p < 0.01), and West (β=-0.027, p < 0.01), with a non-significant decrease in the Midwest (β=-0.011, p = 0.062).
Conclusions
The present study confirms a previously reported increase in GBM incidence rates over time, with additional novel findings indicating that this increase may be driven by improved diagnostic accuracy and differentiation from other brain tumors rather than a true rise in GBM cases. These insights can be used to identify specific regions where diagnostic practices have advanced, as well as areas that may be lagging behind.