bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitation of endogenous amount of ethanol, methanol and acetaldehyde in ripe fruits of different Spanish olive varieties
Authors: Boudebouz Abdelaziz , Romero Agustí , Boqué Ricard , Aceña Laura , Busto Olga , Mestres Montserrat 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of healthy olives and their good management along the production process are necessary to obtain the best quality virgin olive oils. One parameter related to the health of the olives is the content of fatty acid alkyl esters. Because these come from the esterification of C16 and C18 free fatty acids with short chain alcohols, the control of methanol, ethanol and acetaldehyde (precursor of ethanol) and their origin (endogenous or from fermentation) is essential.The present study reports the endogenous amount of these compounds in some of the main Spanish olive varieties. For their analyses, headspace solid phase micro‐extraction was applied and, to ensure quantitation reliability, the matrix‐matched technique was used to build the calibration lines.RESULTSFor healthy and mature olives, the contents of ethanol and methanol are much higher and vary within a wider range than those corresponding to acetaldehyde. Because olives were not directly analyzed but previously homogenized, there was no correlation between the olive size parameters and the contents of the compounds investigated. However, these contents are characteristic of each variety. When comparing healthy and unhealthy olives, significant differences were only observed for ethanol contents.CONCLUSIONHigher contents of short alcohols are not only the result of an unhealthy or poor state of the fruits, but also the variety. Therefore, because these alcohols are precursors of fatty acid alkyl esters, the maximum permissible content of the latter should not be set at a single value for all olive varieties. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Insight into effects of isolated Eurotium cristatum from Pingwu Fuzhuan brick tea on the fermentation process and quality characteristics of Fuzhuan brick tea
Authors: Xiao Yue , Zhong Kai , Bai Jin‐Rong , Wu Yan‐Ping , Gao Hong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDPingwu Fuzhuan brick tea is a type of post‐fermented tea manufactured from leaves of the tea plant, Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, the quality of which is influenced by numerous factors, especially microorganisms. Currently, there is little research on the effect of microorganisms on the fermentation and quality characteristics of Pingwu Fuzhuan brick tea. Investigation of the main fungus in this tea and its effect on the fermentation process and tea quality can provide insights into the manufacturing of ‘western road’ border‐selling tea and could lay the foundation for the popularization of Pingwu Fuzhuan brick tea.RESULTSThe main ‘golden flower fungus’ in Pingwu Fuzhuan brick tea was isolated and identified as Eurotium cristatum (GenBank accession number: MF800948.1; strain PW‐1). Compared with natural fermentation, PW‐1 inoculated fermentation accelerated biotransformation of phenolic compounds, which provided tea samples with better taste and tea infusion color. The proportions of velvety and sweet‐tasting amino acids increased after 16‐day fermentation with PW‐1. Alcohols were the most abundant volatiles, with 40.13% and 39.43% content in NF16d and IF16d tea samples, respectively. Orthogonal partial least‐squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) further revealed that naturally fermented and PW‐1 fermented teas were significantly different.CONCLUSIONStrain PW‐1 plays an important role in the fermentation process of Fuzhuan brick tea. Considering fermentation efficiency and tea quality, fermentation inoculated with E. cristatum PW‐1 can be applied in the manufacturing of ‘western road’ border‐selling tea. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects ofFusarium graminearumandFusarium poaeon disease parameters, grain quality and mycotoxin contamination in barley (part II)
Authors: Martínez Mauro , Ramirez Albuquerque Lady D , Dinolfo María I , Biganzoli Fernando , F Pinto Virginia , Stenglein Sabastian A 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDBarley is one of the most sown crops in the world, with multiple uses such as human consumption, animal feed and for the malting industry. This crop is affected by different diseases, such as Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), that causes losses in yield and quality. In the last yearsF. graminearumandF. poaewere two of the most frequently isolated species in barley grains, so the aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction between theseFusariumspecies and the effects on disease parameters, grain quality and mycotoxin contamination on five barley genotypes under field conditions.RESULTSStatistical differences betweenFusariumtreatments for some parameters depending mainly on the year/genotype were found. The results showed that the germination process was affected by bothFusariumspecies. As to grain quality and the different hordein fractions, it was observed thatF. graminearumaffects preferentially D and C‐hordeins. Different concentrations of nivalenol, deoxynivalenol and their acetylated derivatives (3‐acetyl deoxynivalenol (3‐ADON), 15‐acetyl deoxynivalenol (15‐ADON)) were detected.CONCLUSIONSIn the present work, no evidence of synergism betweenF. graminearumandF. poaewere found regarding disease parameters and mycotoxin contamination. However, at least in the years with favorable climatic conditions to FHB development and depending on the barley genotype, a continuous monitoring is deemed necessary to prevent the negative impact on protein composition and germinative parameters © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Biodegradable Polymers: Present Opportunities and Challenges in Providing a Microplastic‐Free Environment
Authors: Agarwal Seema 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe stability of polymers against environmental factors, chemicals, microorganisms, and hydrolysis has challenged society with the accumulation of plastic waste and its management worldwide. Large amounts of plastic litter accumulate in the environment and disintegrate into microplastics (small pieces less than 5 mm in size), a topic of real concern especially for products and applications where the plastics are used for a short time before becoming waste, and where they are difficult to recover after use and remain in the environment. Whether biodegradable polymers can be one of the solutions to the problem of plastic waste is a question very often raised in this context. Although the use of biodegradable polymers appears to be highly promising based on recent and past studies, several aspects need to be considered further regarding environmental sustainability, acceptability, and degradability in the complex natural environment. Intensive efforts need to be invested in developing new environmentally biodegradable polymers and smart mechanisms of degradation after use in the environment. The present viewpoint article discusses the present scenario of the environmental acceptability of biodegradable polymers and the opportunities and challenges they offer regarding solving the problem of microplastics and their impact on the environment.
Unveiling a sudden unexplained death case by whole exome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Modena Martina , Castiglione Vincenzo , Aretini Paolo , Mazzanti Chiara M. , Chiti Enrica , Giannoni Alberto , Emdin Michele , Di Paolo Marco 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSudden unexplained death (SUD) refers to cases of sudden death where autopsy fails to identify any cardiac or extracardiac underlying cause. Guideline‐directed standard genetic testing identifies a disease‐causing mutation in less than one‐third of cases of SUD. Conversely, whole exome sequencing (WES) may provide the key to solve most cases of SUD even after several years from the subject's death.MethodsWe report on a case of sudden unexpected death of a 37‐year‐old male, with inconclusive autopsy conducted 14 years ago. A recent reevaluation through WES was performed on DNA extracted from left ventricular samples. A multiple step process including several “in silico” tools was applied to identify potentially pathogenic variants. Data analysis was based on a 562 gene panel, including 234 candidate genes associated with sudden cardiac death or heart diseases, with the addition of 328 genes highly expressed in the heart. WebGestalt algorithms were used for association enrichment analysis of all genes with detected putative pathogenic variants.ResultsWES analysis identified four potentially pathogenic variants: RYR2:c.12168G>T, TTN:c.11821C>T (rs397517804), MYBPC3:c.1255C>T (rs368770848), and ACADVL:c.848T>C (rs113994167). WebGestalt algorithms indicated that their combination holds an unfavorable arrhythmic susceptibility which conceivably caused the occurrence of the events leading to our subject's sudden death.ConclusionAssociating WES technique with online prediction algorithms may allow the recognition of genetic mutations potentially responsible for otherwise unexplained deaths.
A compact planar Moxon‐Yagi composite antenna with end‐fire radiation for dual‐band applications
Authors: Fu Shiqiang , Xiong Angyu , Chen Weining , Fang Shaojun 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA compact planar composite antenna with dual‐band performance and good unidirectional radiation is proposed for handheld radio frequency identification reader application. The novelty of the proposed antenna is that it adopts the combination of planar Moxon and quasi‐Yagi interleaved structures. The Moxon structure due to its compact size is designed to operate in the lower band, while the quasi‐Yagi structure with the shared area is designed for the higher band. The lower and higher frequency bands of the antenna can be designed independently. Detailed design ideas and experimental results are presented. Measured results show that the fabricated antenna has a moderate gain of better than 5 dB and a large front‐to‐back ratio of more than 15 dB in both ultrahigh frequency 902‐928 MHz and industrial scientific and medical 2.4‐2.4835 GHz bands with low cross‐polarization levels. The antenna has the advantages of simple structure, easy processing, and excellent performance in terms of impedance matching and radiation patterns. It can be easily adjusted for other wireless applications, where both end‐fire radiation and dual‐band operation are required.
Myositis ossificans traumatica with associated pseudarthroses in an adult from Late Bronze Age Athens, Greece
Authors: Smith Susan Kirkpatrick , Liston Maria A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis case study documents an unusual heterotopic ossification with associated pseudarthroses of the lumbar spine. We examined the partial skeletal remains of an adult from a Late Bronze Age (Mycenaean Late Helladic IIB‐IIIA1 period, approximately1400–1375 BCE) chamber tomb from the Athenian Agora excavations in Greece. This individual had a large bony mass in the region of the intertransversarius muscle that spanned L3–L5 vertebrae and formed pseudarthroses at the superior and inferior ends. The differential diagnosis of the bony mass included dystrophic and neoplastic calcifications and myositis ossificans traumatica (MOT). MOT is a benign heterotopic bone growth typically found in skeletal muscles. MOT usually results from a trauma and is most commonly found in the thigh, buttocks, or upper arm, although it has been documented clinically in other areas as well, such as in paravertebral muscles. The mature, remodelled cortex of the bony mass and the two well‐developed pseudarthroses indicate that this individual lived with this condition for a number of years.
Ground temperature and snow depth variability within a subarctic peat plateau landscape
Authors: Sannel A. Britta K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSubarctic permafrost peatlands cover extensive areas and store large amounts of soil organic carbon that can be remobilized as active layer deepening and thermokarst formation increase in a future warmer climate. Better knowledge of ground thermal variability within these ecosystems is important for understanding future landscape development and permafrost carbon feedbacks. In a peat plateau complex in Tavvavuoma, northern Sweden, ground temperatures and snow depth have been monitored in six different landscape units: on a peat plateau, in a depression within a peat plateau, along a peat plateau edge (close to a thermokarst lake), at a thermokarst lake shoreline, in a thermokarst lake and in a fen. Permafrost is present in all three peat plateau landscape units, and mean annual ground temperature (MAGT) in the central parts of the peat plateau is −0.3°C at 2 m depth. In the three low‐lying wetter or saturated landscape units (along the thermokarst lake shoreline, in the lake and the fen) taliks are present and MAGT at 1 m depth is 1.0–2.7°C. Topographical differences between the elevated and low‐lying units affect both local snow depth and soil moisture, and are important for ground thermal patterns in this landscape. Permafrost exists in landscape units with a shallow mean December–April snow depth (<20 cm) whereas snow depths >40 cm mostly result in absence of permafrost.
Fabrication and Characterization of a Novel Underground Mining Emulsion Explosive Containing Thickening Microcapsules
Authors: Tao Chen , Cheng Yang‐Fan , Fang Hua , Yao Yu‐Le , Wang Yu‐Xiang , Ma Hong‐Hao , Shen Zhao‐Wu , Chen Yuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn order to solve the sloughing problem of explosives in upward blast holes, a novel underground mining emulsion explosive with thickening microcapsules was developed. The microcapsules in the emulsion explosive would be damaged by high‐speed shearing at the moment of entering the blast hole, releasing their internal thickening agents to the emulsion explosive in the blast holes. These thickening agents were evenly distributed with a linear network structure in the emulsion explosive to make it thickened in the hole. The microcapsules were spherical and could encapsulate the thickening agent effectively, and the viscosity of the emulsion matrix with 2 mass % of them was close to that of the reference emulsion matrix at ca. 127.9 Pa s. Experimental results of TG‐DSC and detonation performance showed that the novel underground mining emulsion explosive had a good thermal stability and its detonation velocity was 5133 m s−1 and still up to 4618 m s−1 after storing at the temperature of −20 °C for 12 h. The novel underground mining emulsion explosive with thickening microcapsules not only achieved the goal of thickening in the blast holes, but also had excellent detonation performance and low‐temperature resistance capability.
Quantum Antennas
Authors: Slepyan Gregory Ya. , Vlasenko Svetlana , Mogilevtsev Dmitri 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDue to the recent groundbreaking developments of nanotechnologies, it became possible to create intrinsically quantum systems able to serve as high‐directional antennas in terahertz, infrared, and optical ranges. In fact, the quantum antennas, as devices shaping light on the level of single quanta, have already become key elements in nanooptics and nanoelectronics. The quantum antennas are actively researched for possible implementations in quantum communications, quantum imaging and sensing, and energy harvesting. However, the design and optimization of these emitting/receiving devices are still rather undeveloped in comparison with the well‐known methods for conventional radio‐frequency antennas. This review provides a discussion of the recent achievements in the concept of the quantum antenna as an open quantum system emitting via interaction with a photonic reservoir. The review is focused on bridging the gap between quantum antennas and their macroscopic classical analogues. Furthermore, the way of quantum‐antenna implementation is discussed for different configurations, based on such materials as plasmonic metals, carbon nanotubes, and semiconductor quantum dots.
Dengue: Status of current and under‐development vaccines
Authors: Redoni Marianna , Yacoub Sophie , Rivino Laura , Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Luzzati Roberto , Di Bella Stefano 
Published: February 2020

SummaryDengue is an emerging mosquito‐borne viral infection with increasing reports of outbreaks. The clinical picture ranges from a benign febrile illness through to severe and potentially fatal manifestations. No specific anti‐viral treatment exists, and therapy only consists of supportive care. During the last three decades, several attempts to develop an effective vaccine have been made. The first dengue vaccine to obtain licensure was Dengvaxia, which was authorized in 2015 and is currently available in over 20 countries. Its use has been approved with strict limitations regarding age and serostatus of the recipients, highlighting the necessity for a more safe and efficacious vaccine. At present several vaccine, candidates are undergoing clinical and pre‐clinical trials. The most advanced candidates are TDV and TDV 003/005, two live‐attenuated vaccines, but another 15 vaccines are under development, introducing novel immunization strategies to the traditional dengue vaccine scenario. This work reviews the current research status on dengue vaccines.
Synthesis, Photophysical Studies of Blue‐Light‐Emitting Alternating Polymers from Substituted 9‐Sila Fluorenes and Substituted p‐Phenylacene
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Jayasree , Hasija Deepika C. , Patil Vishwanath R. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFive new alternating polymers were synthesized from 2,7‐dibromo‐3,6‐dimethoxy‐9‐sila fluorene with varied alkyl and aryl groups substituted at 9‐position and 2‐tert butyl‐9,10‐di (p hydroxyl phenyl) anthracene. The monomers and the polymers were synthesized in good yields at each stage of preparation and with high degree of reproducibility. The copolymers were soluble in common organic solvents like toluene, xylene, THF and chloroform. Chemical and optoelectronic characterizations of the polymers were done by 1H and 13C NMR, GPC, UV absorption, photoluminescence and cyclic voltammetric studies. Pure blue light emission, with the maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 445 to 457 nm and the PL quantum efficiency in the range of 0.55 to 0.91 were recorded for the synthesized copolymers in their solution in CHCl3. The ITO/CuPc/α‐NPD/ copolymer/ Alq3/LiF/Al devices fabricated from the polymers gave pure blue light emission irrespective of the substitution on silicon atom of the silafluorene moiety. The properties both photophysical and electrochemical, of the synthesized alternating polymers are quite suitable for the development of blue light emitting devices.
Enhanced Coke Resistance and Antioxidation Stability of γ‐Alumina‐Supported Nickel‐Based Catalysts via Decoration with Lanthanum for Propane Pre‐Reforming
Authors: Tan Mingwu , Yang Yanling , Wang Xueguang , Huang Haigen , Zou Xiujing , Lu Xionggang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLa‐doped mesoporous γ‐alumina supported Ni oxides (xLa@NiO/γ‐MA) were prepared through one‐pot hydrolysis of inorganic salts, without the need for surfactants as in conventional practice. The catalysts were studied in the pre‐reforming of propane at a low steam to carbon molar ratio of 0.7. The results showed that the addition of La could promote the uniform dispersion of Ni species with reduced crystallite sizes, improving the catalytic properties. The 10La@Ni/γ‐MA catalyst (10 wt % La) exhibited the highest catalytic activity and excellent stability without carbon deposition for 150 hrs time‐on‐stream at 350 °C. This could be attributed to the presence of ultrafine Ni nanoparticles with an average metal particle size of 2.3 nm. Meanwhile, the doped La can donate electrons to the metallic Ni surface, preventing it from being oxidized. A minimum La/Ni atomic ratio of 1/11 (10 wt % La) was found to maintain the Ni antioxidation stability.
Influence of Dealumination by Acetylacetone on Acidity and Activity of Amorphous Silica‐Aluminas
Authors: Jin Xiaojing , Millot Yannick , Sayag Céline , Blanchard Juliette , Man Pascal P. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe influence of dealumination of two commercial amorphous silica‐aluminas (ASAs) with acetylacetone on their textural properties, acidity and catalytic activity was studied by N2‐sorption, NH3‐TPD, FTIR of adsorbed pyridine as well as 1H and 27Al MAS NMR. Acetylacetone treatment increases the pore volume and surface area (+20→+30%) of commercial ASA without changing the pore size. More than half of the Al species are extracted from ASA but the total acidity is preserved or even slightly increased (for the ASA with higher Al content). The percentage of acidic Al is increased by a factor 2. Dealumination results in a better access to acid sites and an increase of medium Brønsted acid sites (BAS), leading to a 1.5 higher catalytic activity for 3,3‐Dimethyl‐1‐butene (33DMB1) isomerization.
Synthesis of 2, 5‐Diamino‐p—benzoquinones via Aerobic Oxidative C(sp2)‐C(sp2) Bond Cleavage and Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Asha Anandavally , Ravindran Jaice , Suma Subhadra , Suresh Cherumuttathu H. , Lankalapalli Ravi S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA facile synthesis of 2, 5‐diamino‐p‐benzoquinones (DABQs) is reported under very mild conditions by mere crystallization. Mechanistic studies by density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations revealed an oxidative C(sp2)‐C(sp2) bond cleavage reaction mechanism via a dioxetane intermediate, from enamine oxidation of a mixture of ethyl vanillin and primary amines by triplet molecular oxygen. A second air oxidation event in the sequence of the reaction that results in C(sp2)‐C(sp2) bond formation is also described by DFT studies. The mechanistic insights enabled synthesis of both symmetric and unsymmetric DABQs from primary amines with a broad substrate scope.
Acid and alkali resistance of Acrylic polyurethane/R‐SiO2 nanocomposite coating
Authors: Mai Nguyen Thi , Anh Bui Thi Mai , Vuong Nguyen Thien 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to assess the influence of R‐SiO2 nanoparticles on acid and alkali resistance of acrylic polyurethane coating. The resistance of the coatings with and without 2.5 wt.% R‐SiO2 nanoparticles in 5 % HCl solution and 5 % NaOH solution was investigated by monitoring the variations in functional groups of the coatings using IR spectroscopic analysis and the changes in their morphology using FE‐SEM analysis, as well as their weight loss analysis. The results showed that R‐SiO2 nanoparticles at content of 2.5 wt.% significantly increased the acid and alkali resistance of acrylic polyurethane coating. After 20 days of immersion in 5 % HCl solution and 5 % NaOH solution, the nanocomposite coating containing 2.5 % R‐SiO2 nanoparticles changed negligibly with a weight loss of about 1 % while the coating not containing R‐SiO2 nanoparticles was deformed seriously with a weight loss of about 3 %.
Mixedligand complexes of uranium (VI) with dithiolophenols and hydrophobic amines in photometric analysis
Authors: Kuliev K. A. , Zalov A. Z. , Aliev S. G. , Maharramova L. M. , İsmailova R. A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper we studied the interaction of uranium (VI) with with dithiolphenols (2,6‐dithiophenol, 2,6‐dithiol‐4‐methylphenol, 2,6‐dithiol‐4‐ethylphenol, 2,6‐dithiol‐4‐tert‐butylphenol), and hydrophobic amines by absorption spectroscopy method. The sudied hydrophobic amines are aniline, N–methylaniline, N,N–dimethylaniline, diphenylguanidine, triphenylguanidine, benzylamine, phenantrolin, dipyridyl, p‐aninopyridin, 2‐(N,N‐dimethylaminomethyl)‐4‐methylphenol and 2‐(N,N‐dimethylaminomethyl)‐4‐bromphenol. The optimal conditions for the formation and extraction of ionic associates were found and the ratios of components in the complexes were established. It was found that associates are formed in a weakly acidic medium (pHopt = 3.5‐7.1). The maxima in the light absorption spectra are observed at λ = 434‐478 nm. Molar coefficient of absorption is equal ε = (2.65‐3.62)•104. On the basis of the obtained data, photometric methods of uranium determination in various objects have been developed.