bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sulfated vizantin inhibits biofilm maturation by Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Oda Masataka , Kurosawa Mie , Yamamoto Hirofumi , Domon Hisanori , Takenaka Shoji , Ohsumi Tatsuya , Maekawa Tomoki , Yamasaki Naoto , Furue Yui , Terao Yutaka 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStreptococcus mutans is the main pathogen of dental caries and adheres to the tooth surface via soluble and insoluble glucans produced by the bacterial glucosyltransferase enzyme. Thus, the S. mutans glucosyltransferase is an important virulence factor for this cariogenic bacterium. Sulfated vizantin effectively inhibits biofilm formation by S. mutans without affecting its growth. In this study, less S. mutans biofilm formation occurred on hydroxyapatite discs coated with sulfated vizantin than on noncoated discs. Sulfated vizantin showed no cytotoxicity against the human gingival cell line Ca9‐22. Sulfated vizantin dose‐dependently inhibited the extracellular release of cell‐free glucosyltransferase from S. mutans and enhanced the accumulation of cell‐associated glucosyltransferase, compared with that observed with untreated bacteria. Sulfated vizantin disrupted the localization balance between cell‐associated glucosyltransferase and cell‐free glucosyltransferase, resulting in inhibited biofilm maturation. These results indicate that sulfated vizantin can potentially serve as a novel agent for preventing dental caries.
Error Rates, Likelihood Ratios, and Jury Evaluation of Forensic Evidence
Authors: Garrett Brandon L. , Crozier William E. , Grady Rebecca 
Published: April 2020

AbstractForensic examiners regularly testify in criminal cases, informing the jurors whether crime scene evidence likely came from a source. In this study, we examine the impact of providing jurors with testimony further qualified by error rates and likelihood ratios, for expert testimony concerning two forensic disciplines: commonly used fingerprint comparison evidence and a novel technique involving voice comparison. Our method involved surveying mock jurors in Amazon Mechanical Turk (N = 897 laypeople) using written testimony and judicial instructions. Participants were more skeptical of voice analysis and generated fewer “guilty” decisions than for fingerprint analysis (B = 2.00, OR = 7.06, p = <0.000). We found that error rate information most strongly decreased “guilty” votes relative to no qualifying information for participants who heard fingerprint evidence (but not those that heard voice analysis evidence; B = −1.16, OR = 0.32, p = 0.007). We also found that error rates and conclusion types led to a greater decrease on “guilty” votes for fingerprint evidence than voice evidence (B = 1.44, OR = 4.23, p = 0.021). We conclude that these results suggest jurors adjust the weight placed on forensic evidence depending on their prior views about its reliability. Future research should develop testimony and judicial instructions that can better inform jurors of the strengths and limitations of forensic evidence.
jackalope: A swift, versatile phylogenomic and high‐throughput sequencing simulator
Authors: Nell Lucas A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractHigh‐throughput sequencing (HTS) is central to the study of population genomics and has an increasingly important role in constructing phylogenies. Choices in research design for sequencing projects can include a wide range of factors, such as sequencing platform, depth of coverage and bioinformatic tools. Simulating HTS data better informs these decisions, as users can validate software by comparing output to the known simulation parameters. However, current standalone HTS simulators cannot generate variant haplotypes under even somewhat complex evolutionary scenarios, such as recombination or demographic change. This greatly reduces their usefulness for fields such as population genomics and phylogenomics. Here I present theRpackagejackalopethat simply and efficiently simulates (i) sets of variant haplotypes from a reference genome and (ii) reads from both Illumina and Pacific Biosciences platforms. Haplotypes can be simulated using phylogenies, gene trees, coalescent‐simulation output, population‐genomic summary statistics, and Variant Call Format (VCF) files.jackalopecan simulate single, paired‐end or mate‐pair Illumina reads, as well as reads from Pacific Biosciences. These simulations include sequencing errors, mapping qualities, multiplexing and optical/PCR duplicates. It can read reference genomes fromfastafiles and can simulate new ones, and all outputs can be written to standard file formats.jackalopeis available for Mac, Windows and Linux systems.
The effect of rocuronium on ventilatory leak and sealing pressure using a supraglottic airway device: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Fujimoto Masafumi , Kubota Fumiyo , Yamamoto Tatsuo 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThe transition of ventilatory leak and sealing pressure in supraglottic airway devices after administration of neuromuscular blocking agents is unclear. We hypothesized that ventilatory leak would decrease due to the increase in sealing pressure after administration of 0.15 and 0.30 mg/kg rocuronium iv.MethodsForty patients were randomly assigned to a control group or one of two rocuronium groups. After induction of general anaesthesia, an i‐gel® was inserted before rocuronium administration. The ventilatory leak and sealing pressure were measured immediately. Then, 0.15 mg/kg or 0.30 mg/kg rocuronium iv was administered and the ventilatory leak and sealing pressure were measured again. In the control group, measurements were obtained just after insertion of the supraglottic airway device and 5 minutes later, without any additional drug administration.ResultsSimilar decrements in ventilatory leak of approximately 3% were registered in all three groups. There were no changes in sealing pressure in any of the groups. However, multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the reduced height of the first twitch response to train‐of‐four stimulation after administration of rocuronium was a determinant of a decrease in sealing pressure (odds ratio: 0.97, 95% confidence interval: 0.95‐0.99, P = .04).ConclusionsOur results suggest that ventilatory leak with a supraglottic airway device decreases independently of neuromuscular blockade, although the neuromuscular blockade may potentially decrease sealing pressure.Registration of Clinical trials: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (registration ID: UMIN000027061, URL: https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000031018).
Genetic correction of Werner syndrome gene reveals impaired pro‐angiogenic function and HGF insufficiency in mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Tu Jiajie , Wan Chao , Zhang Fengjie , Cao Lianbao , Law Patrick Wai Nok , Tian Yuyao , Lu Gang , Rennert Owen M. , Chan Wai‐Yee , Cheung Hoi‐Hung 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWRN mutation causes a premature aging disease called Werner syndrome (WS). However, the mechanism by which WRN loss leads to progeroid features evident with impaired tissue repair and regeneration remains unclear. To determine this mechanism, we performed gene editing in reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from WS fibroblasts. Gene correction restored the expression of WRN. WRN+/+ mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibited improved pro‐angiogenesis. An analysis of paracrine factors revealed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) was downregulated in WRN−/− MSCs. HGF insufficiency resulted in poor angiogenesis and cutaneous wound healing. Furthermore, HGF was partially regulated by PI3K/AKT signaling, which was desensitized in WRN−/− MSCs. Consistently, the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway in WRN+/+ MSC resulted in reduced angiogenesis and poor wound healing. Our findings indicate that the impairment in the pro‐angiogenic function of WS‐MSCs is due to HGF insufficiency and PI3K/AKT dysregulation, suggesting trophic disruption between stromal and epithelial cells as a mechanism for WS pathogenesis.
Hydatidiform mole in the era of COVID‐19 pandemic. Is there an association?
Authors: Abbas Ahmed M. , Ahmed Omar A. , Shaltout Asmaa S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is considered a worldwide pandemic. COVID‐19 patients had profound immune dysregulation so they could be susceptible for adverse pregnancy outcomes as hydatidiform mole. In this article, we tried to explain the link between hydatidiform mole and COVID‐19.
Risk of de‐novo inflammatory bowel disease among obese patients treated with bariatric surgery or weight loss medications
Authors: Kochhar Gursimran S. , Desai Aakash , Syed Aslam , Grover Abhinav , El Hachem Sandra , Abdul‐Baki Heitham , Chintamaneni Preethi , Aoun Elie , Kanna Sowjanya , Sandhu Dalbir S. , Singh Siddharth , Shen Bo , Loftus Edward V. , Dulai Parambir S. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBackgroundAn association between bariatric surgery and development of de‐novo inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been observed.AimTo evaluate further the association among bariatric surgery, weight loss medications, obesity and new‐onset IBD.MethodsUsing Explorys, a population‐based Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant database, we estimated the prevalence of de‐novo IBD among patients treated with bariatric surgery (Roux‐en‐Y gastrojejunostomy, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy or gastric banding) (n = 60 870) or weight loss medications (orlistat, phentermine/topiramate, lorcaserin, bupropion/naltrexone and liraglutide) (n = 193 790) compared with obese controls (n = 5 021 210), between 1999 and 2018.ResultsThe prevalence of de‐novo IBD was lower among obese patients exposed to bariatric surgery (7.72 per 1000 patients) or weight loss medications (7.22 per 1000 patients) compared with patients with persistent obesity not exposed to these interventions (11.66 per 1000 patients, P < 0.0001). The risk reduction for de‐novo IBD was consistent across bariatric surgeries and weight loss medications with the exception of orlistat which was not associated with a reduction in risk for de‐novo IBD compared with the persistent obese control cohort.ConclusionObese patients undergoing treatment with bariatric surgery or weight loss medications are at a lower risk for developing de‐novo IBD compared with persistently obese controls not exposed to these interventions. These data suggest that obesity and ineffective management of obesity are risk factors for de‐novo IBD. Further research is needed to confirm these observations and understand potential mechanisms.
Development of the symptoms and impacts questionnaire for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
Authors: Dulai Parambir S. , Jairath Vipul , Khanna Reena , Ma Christopher , McCarrier Kelly P. , Martin Mona L. , Parker Claire E. , Morris Joan , Feagan Brian G. , Sandborn William J. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBackgroundPatient‐reported outcome (PRO) measures historically used in inflammatory bowel disease have been considered inadequate to support future drug labelling claims by regulatory agencies.AimsTo develop PRO tools for use in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) following guidance issued by the US FDA and the ISPOR (International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research).MethodsConcept elicitation and cognitive interviews were conducted in adult patients (≥18 years) across the United States and Canada. Semi‐structured interview guides were used to collect data, and interview transcripts were coded and analysed. Concept elicitation results were considered alongside existing literature and clinical expert opinion to identify candidate PRO items. Cognitive interviews evaluated concept relevance, interpretability and structure, and facilitated instrument refinement. Concept elicitation participants, except those with an ostomy, underwent centrally read endoscopy to assess inflammatory status.ResultsIn all, 54 participants (mean age: 46.2 years; 66.7% female) were included in the CD concept elicitation interviews. In total, 80 symptom concepts and 61 impact concepts were identified. After three waves of cognitive interviews, the 31‐item Symptoms and Impacts Questionnaire for CD (SIQ‐CD) was developed. In the UC concept elicitation phase, 53 participants were interviewed (mean age: 41.4 years; 49.1% female). In total, 79 symptoms concepts and 49 impact concepts were identified. Following two waves of cognitive interviews, the 29‐item Symptoms and Impacts Questionnaire for UC (SIQ‐UC) was developed. Both instruments include four symptom and six impact domains.ConclusionsWe developed PROs to support CD and UC drug labelling claims. Psychometric validation studies to evaluate instrument reliability and responsiveness are ongoing.
Effects of single green tea ingestion on pharmacokinetics of nadolol in healthy volunteers
Authors: Misaka Shingen , Abe Osamu , Ono Tomoyuki , Ono Yuko , Ogata Hiroshi , Miura Itaru , Shikama Yayoi , Fromm Martin F. , Yabe Hirooki , Shimomura Kenju 
Published: April 2020

AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a single green tea (GT), administered concomitantly or 1 hour before nadolol intake on nadolol pharmacokinetics.MethodsIn a randomized 3‐phase crossover study, 11 healthy volunteers received an oral administration of nadolol with, or 1 hour after preingestion of brewed GT, or with water in a volume of 150 mL.ResultsGeometric mean ratio with 90% confidence interval for nadolol AUC0–48 was 0.371 (0.303–0.439) with concomitant GT. In addition, ingestion of GT 1 hour before nadolol administration resulted in a significant reduction of nadolol AUC0–48 with geometric mean ratio of 0.536 (0.406–0.665). There were no differences in time to maximal plasma concentration and renal clearance of nadolol among groups.ConclusionThese results suggest that single concomitant ingestion of GT substantially decreases plasma concentrations of nadolol. Moreover, the reduction in nadolol bioavailability could persist for at least 1 hour after drinking a cup of GT.
Efficacy and safety of clopidogrel versus prasugrel and ticagrelor for coronary artery disease treatment in patients with CYP2C19 LoF alleles: a systemic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yoon Ha Young , Lee Nari , Seong Jong‐Mi , Gwak Hye Sun 
Published: April 2020

AimWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor and prasugrel with those of clopidogrel in CYP2C19 reduced‐metabolizers.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane and Web of Science were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials or cohort studies up to January 2020. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including cardiovascular (CV) death, all‐cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis and stroke. The secondary endpoint was bleeding. Pooled effects were measured by relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Publication bias was evaluated with Egger's regression test and adjusted by trim and fill method.ResultsTwelve studies comprising 5829 CV patients with CYP2C19 loss‐of‐function alleles were included. Patients who received ticagrelor or prasugrel showed a lower risk of MACE than those who received clopidogrel (RR 0.524; 95% CI: 0.375, 0.731). The former also had lower risks of CV death (RR 0.409; 95% CI: 0.177, 0.946), all‐cause death (RR 0.441; 95% CI: 0.263, 0.739), MI (RR 0.554; 95% CI: 0.414, 0.741) and stent thrombosis (RR 0.587; 95% CI: 0.348, 0.988) than the latter patient group. The risk of stroke was not significantly different between patients receiving the alternatives and those receiving clopidogrel (RR 0.605; 95% CI: 0.257, 1.425). Major and minor bleeding risk was not significantly different between patients treated with alternatives and clopidogrel (RR 1.019; 95% CI: 0.827, 1.260 and RR 1.235; 95% CI: 0.581, 2.628, respectively).ConclusionCYP2C19 reduced‐metabolizers can expect better clinical outcome on using prasugrel or ticagrelor rather than clopidogrel.
Endothelial cell function and endothelial‐related disorders following haematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Hildebrandt Gerhard C. , Chao Nelson 
Published: April 2020

SummaryUse of haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in the treatment of haematologic and neoplastic diseases may lead to life‐threatening complications that cause substantial morbidity and mortality if untreated. In addition to patient‐ and disease‐related factors, toxicity associated with HCT puts patients at risk for complications that share a similar pathophysiology involving endothelial cells (ECs). Normally, the endothelium plays a role in maintaining homeostasis, including regulation of coagulation, vascular tone, permeability and inflammatory processes. When activated, ECs acquire cellular features that may lead to phenotypic changes that induce procoagulant, pro‐inflammatory and pro‐apoptotic mediators leading to EC dysfunction and damage. Elevated levels of coagulation factors, cytokines and adhesion molecules are indicative of endothelial dysfunction, and endothelial damage may lead to clinical signs and symptoms of pathological post‐HCT conditions, including veno‐occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, graft‐versus‐host disease, transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy and idiopathic pneumonia syndrome/diffuse alveolar haemorrhage. The endothelium represents a rational target for preventing and treating HCT complications arising from EC dysfunction and damage. Additionally, markers of endothelial damage may be useful in improving diagnosis of HCT‐related complications and monitoring treatment effect. Continued research to effectively manage EC activation, injury and dysfunction may be important in improving patient outcomes after HCT.
Barriers to seasonal influenza vaccine uptake among health care workers in long‐term care facilities: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Kenny Eanna , McNamara Áine , Noone Chris , Byrne Molly 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesThe vaccination of health care workers (HCWs) against influenza is recommended by numerous public health authorities. Despite these recommendations, the rate of vaccine uptake is poor, particularly among those working in long‐term care. The current study aimed to use the theoretical domains framework to identify the barriers associated with influenza vaccine uptake among HCWs in long‐term care facilities.DesignThe study employed a cross‐sectional survey design.MethodsHCWs (n = 372) at 21 long‐term care facilities in the west of Ireland completed a paper‐based questionnaire, which assessed the socio‐demographic and psychosocial determinants associated with HCW influenza vaccine uptake.ResultsFindings indicated that a logistic regression using the theoretical domains framework demonstrated a strong ability to correctly classify whether or not HCWs received the influenza vaccine. Significant predictors of receiving the vaccine were past vaccination (OR = 16.16, 95% CI = 5.52–47.34), Goals (OR = 3.15, 95% CI = 1.63–6.06), Intentions (OR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.23–4.77), Social influences (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.18–0.84), and Reinforcement (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.21–0.98).ConclusionsThis research identified the key psychological determinants associated with HCW vaccine uptake. Interventions that target the theoretical domains, Goals, Intentions, Social influences, and Reinforcement, may enhance vaccine uptake among HCW in long‐term care facilities.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Seasonal influenza vaccine uptake among health care workers in long‐term care settings is suboptimal. Many socio‐demographic, psychosocial, and organizational barriers to vaccination have been identified. However, few studies have explored the barriers to vaccination among health care workers in long‐term care settings within a behaviour change theory framework.

What does this study add?

This is the first study to apply the theoretical domains framework to vaccination behaviour.

Health care worker vaccine uptake was associated with having previously received the vaccine and the domains Goals, Intentions, Social influences, and Reinforcement.

The findings suggest that interventions that target these domains may increase vaccine uptake among health care workers in long‐term care facilities. Possible interventions could include vaccination action planning and promoting vaccination as a positive act rather than a professional responsibility.
Pelvic exenteration surgery in patients with locally advanced castration‐naïve and castration‐resistant, symptomatic prostate cancer
Authors: Heidenreich Axel , Bludau Mark , Bruns Christiane , Nestler Tim , Porres Daniel , Pfister David Johannes Karl Paul 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate retrospectively the surgical, symptomatic and oncological outcomes of pelvic exenteration surgery (PES) in men with significant intrapelvic complications of locally advanced castration‐sensitive (CSPC) and castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).Patients and MethodsA total of 103 patients with locally advanced progressive and symptomatic CSPC or CRPC underwent PES (radical cystoprostatectomy, n = 71 [68.9%]; radical prostatectomy with continent vesicostomy, n = 9 [8.7%]; total exenteration, n = 23 [22.3%]). All patients underwent local staging via magnetic resonance imaging, cystoscopy and rectoscopy. Systemic staging was carried out with chest, abdominal and pelvic computed tomography scans and bone scans. Peri‐operative complications were assessed according to Clavien–Dindo classification. Symptom‐free and overall survival were evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Statistical tests were two‐tailed with a P value <0.05 taken to indicate statistical significance.ResultsAfter a median (range) follow‐up of 36.5 (3–123) months, the symptom‐free survival rate at 1 and 3 years was 89.2% (n = 89) and 64.1% (n = 66), respectively. The median symptom‐free survival was 27.9 months. A total of 78.6% of the patients were symptom‐free during their remaining lifetime. The overall survival rate at 1 and 3 years was 92.2% and 43.7%, respectively, and the median overall survival was 33.6 months. Clavien–Dindo grades 2, 3 and 4 complications developed in 31 (30.6%), 12 (11.6%) and eight patients (8.1%), respectively.ConclusionPelvic exenteration surgery is technically feasible in well‐selected patients, resulting in symptom relief in >90% of patients, covering 80% of their remaining lifetime.
Graves’ disease and vertebral fracture: Possible pathogenic link in postmenopausal women
Authors: Takedani Kai , Notsu Masakazu , Yamauchi Mika , Nawata Kiyoko , Sugimoto Toshitsugu , Kanasaki Keizo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThyrotoxicosis is associated with accelerated bone turnover and increases the risk of fractures and osteoporosis. Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. However, studies that examined risk factors associated with fragility fractures only in patients with Graves' disease are limited. Here, we investigated whether the risk of vertebral fracture (VF) of postmenopausal Graves' disease patients is high and tried to identify the risk factors for VF in that population.Design and MethodsForty‐three postmenopausal women with Graves' disease were enrolled. Physical and biochemical indices, thyroid indices and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured, and lateral X‐rays were obtained to evaluate VFs. Age‐ and sex‐matched healthy individuals were enrolled as the control group (n = 86).ResultsThe prevalence of VFs (35% vs 17%, P < .05), osteoporosis (63% vs 33%, P < .01) and severe osteoporosis (40% vs 17%, P < .01) was significantly higher in the Graves' disease group. Although there was no significant difference in either thyroid hormone levels or the positive ratio of thyroid antibodies, the prevalence of thyroid‐stimulating antibody (TSAb) was significantly higher in Graves' disease patients with VF compared to without (100% vs 68%, P < .05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for age identified Graves' disease as being associated with the presence of VFs (OR 2.72, 95% CI: 1.13‐6.54, P < .05) in postmenopausal women.ConclusionsPostmenopausal Graves' disease patients had high risks of VF and severe osteoporosis. TSAb could be involved as a risk factor for VF in postmenopausal Graves' disease.