bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working in contexts for which transparency is important
Authors: Bunn Jenny 
Published: April 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to introduce the topic of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) and reports on the outcomes of an interdisciplinary workshop exploring it. It reflects on XAI through the frame and concerns of the recordkeeping profession.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper takes a reflective approach. The origins of XAI are outlined as a way of exploring how it can be viewed and how it is currently taking shape. The workshop and its outcomes are briefly described and reflections on the process of investigating and taking part in conversations about XAI are offered.

Findings
The article reinforces the value of undertaking interdisciplinary and exploratory conversations with others. It offers new perspectives on XAI and suggests ways in which recordkeeping can productively engage with it, as both a disruptive force on its thinking and a set of newly emerging record forms to be created and managed.

Originality/value
The value of this paper comes from the way in which the introduction it provides will allow recordkeepers to gain a sense of what XAI is and the different ways in which they are both already engaging and can continue to engage with it.
Patient characteristics and 6‐month dose of basal insulin associated with HbA1c achievement <7.0% in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes: results from the Observational Registry of Basal Insulin Treatment (ORBIT)
Authors: Gao Leili , Zhang Puhong , Weng Jianping , Lu Juming , Guo Xiaohui , Jia Weiping , Yang Wenying , Zou Dajin , Zhou Zhiguang , Pan Changyu , Gao Yan , Li Xian , Zhu Dongshan , Wu Yangfeng , Garg Satish K. , Ji Linong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of basal insulin (BI) for adequate glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been well documented by randomized clinical trials. This post hoc analysis of the Observational Registry of Basal Insulin Treatment (ORBIT) study was performed to explore the 6‐month dose of BI used in insulin‐naïve T2DM patients achieving HbA1c target (<7%) and determine the patient characteristics that affect the 6‐month dose of BI in the setting of real‐world clinics in China.MethodsThis multicenter observational registry screened 19 894 adult T2DM patients with inadequately controlled hyperglycemia and treated with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in China. Of these patients, 5191 who continued to receive BI after 6 months and achieved HbA1c target were analyzed. Patient characteristics including age, body weight, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), use of OADs, insulin (type and dose), and glycemic control were recorded at baseline and 6‐month follow‐ups.ResultsThe 6‐month dose of BI needed for effective glycemic control was 0.20 ± 0.08 U/kg/day. High body mass index, high FPG, young age, longer duration of diabetes or OAD treatment, a greater number of OADs at baseline, and allocation to detemir and glargine were significant independent predictors for high dose of BI at 6 months.ConclusionsThis post hoc analysis of the ORBIT registry provides key information on the 6‐month dose of BI needed for effective glycemic control in Chinese T2DM patients. Furthermore, it identified crucial patient characteristics that are significant determinants of the dose of BI in a real‐world setting.
Intensive care patient survival after limiting life‐sustaining treatment—The FINNEOL* national cohort study
Authors: Adamski Jan , Weigl Wojciech , Lahtinen Pasi , Reinikainen Matti , Kaminski Tadeusz , Pietiläinen Laura , Musialowicz Tadeusz 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundFew studies have examined survival in intensive care unit (ICU) patients after the restriction of life‐sustaining treatment (LST). We aimed to analyse independent factors associated with hospital and 12‐month survival rates in ICU patients after treatment restrictions.MethodsThis retrospective observational study examined all patients treated in adult ICUs from 1 January 2016 until 31 December 2016 included in the Finnish ICU Registry. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to explain the effect on survival.ResultsDecisions to limit LST were made for 2444 patients (13.7%; 95% CI 13.2‐14.2). ICU, hospital, and 12‐month survival rates were 71% (95% CI 69‐73), 49% (95% CI 47‐51), and 24% (95% CI 22‐26), respectively. In patients for whom life support was withheld, increased 12‐month survival rates were associated with admission from the operating theatre (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1‐3.4), good pre‐hospital physical fitness (OR 4.7, 95% Cl 1.2‐16.8) and being housed at home (OR 2.0, 95% Cl 1.4‐2.8). Decreased survival rates were associated with admission from a hospital ward (OR 0.67, 95% Cl 0.5‐0.9), higher comorbidity (OR 0.6, 95% Cl 0.4‐0.9), cancer (OR 0.4, 95%CI 0.2‐0.9), greater illness severity (SAPS II; OR 0.98, 95% Cl 0.98‐0.99), and higher care intensity (TISS‐76; OR 0.93, 95% Cl 0.92‐0.95).ConclusionSurvival among ICU patients with limited treatment was higher than expected. Advanced age was not associated with higher mortality, potentially because treatment restrictions may be set more easily for older patients.
Enhancement of alcohol aversion by the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor drug sazetidine‐A
Authors: Touchette Jillienne C. , Moen Janna K. , Robinson Jenna M. , Lee Anna M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) has steadily increased in the United States over the last 30 years. Alcohol acts on multiple receptor systems including the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which are known to mediate alcohol consumption and reward. We previously reported that the preclinical drug sazetidine‐A, a nAChR agonist and desensitizer, reduces alcohol consumption without affecting nicotine consumption in C57BL/6J mice. Here, we found that sazetidine‐A enhances the expression of alcohol aversion without affecting the expression or acquisition of conditioned alcohol reward in C57BL/6J mice. Microinjection of sazetidine‐A into the ventral midbrain targeting the ventral tegmental area (VTA) reduced binge alcohol consumption, implicating this region in mediating the effects of sazetidine‐A. Furthermore, the sazetidine‐A‐induced reduction in alcohol consumption was mediated by non‐α4 containing nAChRs, as sazetidine‐A reduced binge alcohol consumption in both α4 knock‐out and wild‐type mice. Finally, we found that in mice pretreated with sazetidine‐A, alcohol induced Fos transcript in Th‐, but not Gad2‐expressing neurons in the VTA as measured by increased Fos transcript expression. In summary, we find that sazetidine‐A enhances the expression of alcohol aversion, which may underlie the reduction in alcohol consumption induced by sazetidine‐A. Elucidating the identity of non‐α4 nAChRs in alcohol aversion mechanisms will provide a better understanding the complex role of nAChRs in alcohol addiction and potentially reveal novel drug targets to treat AUDs.
Chronic endometritis and reproductive failure: Role of syndecan‐1
Authors: Xu Yanhong , Mei Jie , Diao Lianghui , Li Yuye , Ding Lijun 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChronic endometritis (CE) is an unusual inflammatory condition characterized by endometrial plasmacyte infiltration. It has a high prevalence in women with reproductive failure. Because of its characteristic localization patterns and molecular functions, syndecan‐1 has been identified as a biomarker of plasmacyte, and syndecan‐1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) becomes the most dependable diagnostic method for CE. In this review, we discuss the association between CE and reproductive failure, the clinicopathological characterization of CE, the function and expression of syndecan‐1, the progress of syndecan‐1 IHC in the diagnosis of CE, and the prediction of reproductive outcome.
miR‐322 treatment rescues cell apoptosis and neural tube defect formation through silencing NADPH oxidase 4
Authors: Liu Yu‐si , Gu Hui , Huang Tian‐chu , Wei Xiao‐wei , Ma Wei , Liu Dan , He Yi‐wen , Luo Wen‐ting , Huang Jie‐ting , Zhao Duan , Jia Shan‐shan , Wang Fang , Zhang Ting , Bai Yu‐zuo , Wang Wei‐lin , Yuan Zheng‐wei 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsFailure of neural tube closure resulting from excessive apoptosis leads to neural tube defects (NTDs). NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is a critical mediator of cell growth and death, yet its role in NTDs has never been characterized. NOX4 is a potential target of miR‐322, and we have previously demonstrated that miR‐322 was involved in high glucose‐induced NTDs. In this study, we investigated the effect of NOX4 on the embryonic neuroepithelium in NTDs and reveal a new regulatory mechanism for miR‐322 that disrupts neurulation by ameliorating cell apoptosis.MethodsAll‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA)‐induced mouse model was utilized to study NTDs. RNA pull‐down and dual‐luciferase reporter assays were used to confirm the interaction between NOX4 and miR‐322. In mouse neural stem cells and whole‐embryo culture, Western blot and TUNEL were carried out to investigate the effects of miR‐322 and NOX4 on neuroepithelium apoptosis in NTD formation.ResultsNOX4, as a novel target of miR‐322, was upregulated in ATRA‐induced mouse model of NTDs. In mouse neural stem cells, the expression of NOX4 was inhibited by miR‐322; still further, NOX4‐triggered apoptosis was also suppressed by miR‐322. Moreover, in whole‐embryo culture, injection of the miR‐322 mimic into the amniotic cavity attenuated cell apoptosis in NTD formation by silencing NOX4.ConclusionmiR‐322/NOX4 plays a crucial role in apoptosis‐induced NTD formation, which may provide a new understanding of the mechanism of embryonic NTDs and a basis for potential therapeutic target against NTDs.
Sleep apnoea is associated with hearing impairment: The Paris prospective study 3
Authors: Lisan Quentin , van Sloten Thomas , Climie Rachel E. , Boutouyrie Pierre , Guibout Catherine , Thomas Frederique , Danchin Nicolas , Jouven Xavier , Empana Jean‐Philippe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesHearing impairment (HI) is a leading impairment worldwide, and identifying modifiable risk factors of HI may have major public health implications. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and HI.DesignObservational longitudinal study (the Paris Prospective Study 3).SettingPopulation‐based.ParticipantsVolunteers aged 50‐75 years and consulting at a preventive medical centre were included between 2008 and 2012. 6797 participants were included in the present analysis.Main outcome measuresAudiometry testing was performed in both ears in all participants, and HI was defined by a pure‐tone average (PTA) >25 decibels (dB) hearing level in the better ear.ResultsObstructive sleep apnoea (estimated by the Berlin questionnaire) was present in 18.6% (n = 1267) and HI in 13.9% (n = 947) of the participants. Mean age was 59.5 years (SD 6.2) and 63.5% were male (n = 4317). In multiple logistic regression modelling, OSA was significantly associated with a 1.21‐increased odds of HI (95% confidence interval 1.01‐1.44). Several sensitivity analyses supported this finding.ConclusionObstructive sleep apnoea is associated with a 21% increased odds of HI. These results support active screening of HI in subjects with OSA, and future studies should evaluate whether the treatment of OSA can delay the onset of HI.
Infants of mothers with higher physiological stress show alterations in brain function
Authors: Troller‐Renfree Sonya V. , Brito Natalie H. , Desai Pooja M. , Leon‐Santos Ana G. , Wiltshire Cynthia A. , Motton Summer N. , Meyer Jerrold S. , Isler Joseph , Fifer William P. , Noble Kimberly G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractChronic stress has been increasingly linked with aberrations in children's behavioral, cognitive, and social development, yet the effect of chronic physiological stress on neural development during the first year of life is largely unknown. The present study aims to link a physiological index of chronic stress (maternal hair cortisol concentration) to maturational differences in infant functional brain development during the first year of life. Participants were 94 mother‐infant dyads. To index chronic physiological stress, maternal hair samples were assayed for the previous three months’ cortisol output. To examine the development of brain function during the first year of life, six‐to‐twelve‐month‐old infants (N = 94) completed a resting electroencephalography (EEG) recording. Infants of mothers with evidence of higher physiological stress showed increased relative low‐frequency (theta) power and reduced relative high‐frequency (alpha, high‐gamma) power, compared to infants of mothers with evidence of low physiological stress. This pattern of findings is consistent with other studies suggesting that early life stress may lead to alterations in patterns of infant brain development. These findings are important given that maturational lags in brain development can be long‐lasting and are associated with deficits in cognitive and emotional development. The present research also suggests that reducing maternal physiological stress may be a useful target for future interventions aiming to foster neurodevelopment during the first year of life.
Inhibitory synaptic transmission tuned by Ca2+ and glutamate through the control of GABAAR lateral diffusion dynamics
Authors: Bannai Hiroko , Niwa Fumihiro , Sakuragi Shigeo , Mikoshiba Katsuhiko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe GABAergic synapses, a primary inhibitory synapse in the mammalian brain, is important for the normal development of brain circuits, and for the regulation of the excitation‐inhibition balance critical for brain function from the developmental stage throughout life. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the formation, maintenance, and modulation of GABAergic synapses is less understood compared to that of excitatory synapses. Quantum dot‐single particle tracking (QD‐SPT), a super‐resolution imaging technique that enables the analysis of membrane molecule dynamics at single‐molecule resolution, is a powerful tool to analyze the behavior of proteins and lipids on the plasma membrane. In this review, we summarize the recent application of QD‐SPT in understanding of GABAergic synaptic transmission. Here we introduce QD‐SPT experiments that provide further insights into the molecular mechanism supporting GABAergic synapses. QD‐SPT studies revealed that glutamate and Ca2+ signaling is involved in (a) the maintenance of GABAergic synapses, (b) GABAergic long‐term depression, and GABAergic long‐term potentiation, by specifically activating signaling pathways unique to each phenomenon. We also introduce a novel Ca2+ imaging technique to describe the diversity of Ca2+ signals that may activate the downstream signaling pathways that induce specific biological output.
The gender puzzles
Authors: Fileva Iskra 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWhat is gender and how do we know what our gender is? These are the questions I propose to answer here. I review and reject several hypotheses: gender as sex or—a more careful version of the view—as subjective experiences that arise from sexual characteristics; gender as brain configuration; and gender as a historical kind. I express sympathy with an existentialist conception of gender but argue that such a conception, even according to its proponents, cannot help solve the problems of what gender is and how we know what our gender is. I then advance a new view.
Effectiveness and tolerability of lacosamide as add‐on therapy in patients with brain tumor–related epilepsy: Results from a prospective, noninterventional study in European clinical practice (VIBES)
Authors: Rudà Roberta , Houillier Caroline , Maschio Marta , Reijneveld Jaap C. , Hellot Scarlett , De Backer Marc , Chan Jane , Joeres Lars , Leunikava Iryna , Glas Martin , Grant Robin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of lacosamide added to one or two antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the treatment of patients with brain tumor–related epilepsy (BTRE), and to evaluate patients’ global impression of change and quality of life (QoL).MethodsThis was a prospective, multicenter, single‐arm, noninterventional study with a 6‐month observation period (EP0045; NCT02276053). Eligible patients (≥16 years old) had active BTRE secondary to low‐grade glioma (World Health Organization grade 1 and 2) and were receiving treatment with one or two AEDs at baseline. Lacosamide was initiated by the treating physician in the course of routine clinical practice. Primary outcomes were 50% responders (≥50% reduction in focal seizure frequency from baseline) and Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC) at month 6. Secondary outcomes included seizure‐free status and Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGIC) at month 6, change in QoL (5‐Level EuroQol‐5 Dimension Quality of Life Assessment) and symptom outcomes (MD Anderson Symptom Inventory–Brain Tumor) from baseline to month 6, and Kaplan‐Meier estimated 6‐month retention on lacosamide. Safety variables included adverse drug reactions (ADRs).ResultsPatients were recruited from 24 sites in Europe. Ninety‐three patients received lacosamide (mean [standard deviation] age = 44.5 [14.7] years; 50 [53.8%] male; median baseline focal seizure frequency = five seizures/28 days [range = 1‐280]), of whom 79 (84.9%) completed the study. At 6 months, 66 of 86 (76.7%) patients were 50% responders and 30 of 86 (34.9%) were seizure‐free. Improvements on PGIC were reported by 49 of 76 (64.5%) patients. Based on CGIC, 52 of 81 (64.2%) patients improved. QoL and symptoms outcome measures remained stable. Kaplan‐Meier estimated 6‐month retention rate was 86.0% (N = 93). Fifteen (16.1%) patients reported ADRs; four (4.3%) had ADRs leading to discontinuation (N = 93).SignificanceResults of this prospective, noninterventional study suggest that add‐on lacosamide is effective and generally well tolerated in patients with BTRE.
The Spirit of Truth
Authors: Moltmann Jürgen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article reflects on the theme of the “spirit of truth” in a post‐truth era – a time in which objective truth seems to no longer exist, any given claim can be substantiated, and it is no longer possible to tell falsehood and truth apart. Focusing on the objectivity of science, the humanity of truth, and the spirit of truth revealed by divinity, the article argues for the adoption of a humane and ecological wisdom, seeing it as a way to deal with humanity’s immense knowledge in a way that is conducive to life, to avoid optimizing humans in a “trans‐human” way and making the earth uninhabitable.
Communication for Life in Cyberspace
Authors: Cheon Young‐cheol 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCyberspace communication is a key driving force of the neoliberal globalization that has led to worldwide crisis. Despite some positive perspectives, cyberspace communication has played a crucial role in the dominance of global markets by transnational corporations. The ethical foundations of the problematics of cyberspace communication lie in a social Darwinism that leads to ruthless competition based on egoistic morality. This article posits the notion of love as an alternative ethics, drawing on perspectives of Christian love (especially those of US ethicist Paul Ramsey) as unselfish love for others, as well as on East Asian traditions of love (such as Buddhist compassion, Confucian jen, and Korean jung). The article argues that unselfish love offers a perspective to overcome an anthropocentric perspective of communication. In this way, human beings can build a community with all living beings and develop harmonious relationships with them to live together on the earth.
Sallie McFague and an Ecotheological Response to Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Green Erin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMilitary, commercial, and industrial application of artificial intelligence (AI) presents distinct historical challenges for theological reasoning. To date, interdisciplinary theological responses have been limited. Contextual and ecological theologies provide an understanding of the human that is helpful in theological responses to AI. These theologies emphasize a relational, embodied view of the human that responds to and resolves many of the shortcomings found in AI research and related theological responses. Sallie McFague's emphasis on embodiment and the world as God's body is an especially useful contribution to these efforts.
Living in a Digital Culture
Authors: Cloete Anita L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractToday our lives are filled with technology through which we communicate, work, play, and even engage with for making meaning. This implies the pervasive presence of digital media as an integral part of our everyday life. Although studies on media are mostly done by sociology and communication students, living in a digital age has significant implications for theological reflections. Despite this being the case, there is a gap in terms of a religious response to technology. In response to this, the aim of this article is to stimulate theological reflections with regard to living in a digital culture. This is achieved by raising theological questions in the hope that theology could take a proactive role in these discussions. The implications of living in a digital culture are quite vast; therefore, the focus will be limited to how a community is formed and sustained, and the possible implications for the church as community.
Reclaiming Communication
Authors: Brown Stephen G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on the history of the ecumenical discussion on communication, as reflected in the assemblies of the World Council of Churches (WCC). It examines, in particular, the communication statements that emerged from the WCC assemblies in Uppsala in 1968 and in Vancouver in 1983, as well as the more tentative moves at the Harare assembly of 1998 to develop an understanding of communication as an integral part of an “ecumenical space.” The article goes on to argue that the changing perspectives manifested at these assemblies, each 15 years apart, were linked to changing paradigms of social and theological reflection that were themselves the product of economic and political transformation. Finally, the article considers how the insights gained can be brought to bear on the challenges presented by digital transformation.
Birth without raising: Impact of labor migration on the medical benefits for migrant children in China
Authors: Luo Xiang , Zhang Zuo , Xu Xun , Li Chongming , Zhang Lu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe relationship between labor migration and the medical benefits of migrant children (MC) has long been a focus of empirical research. Based on the dynamic monitoring data of the migrant population in Hubei Province by the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China in 2014 and the characteristic data of prefecture‐level cities, this paper studies the impact of labor migration on the medical benefits of MC. The major findings of this paper are that in China, due to the huge spatial differences in medical services, the migration of labor to urban areas with better public services helps to improve the medical benefits of women during pregnancy and lying‐in period, and at the same time significantly enhances the medical benefits of the MC. In contrast, due to the relative lag of the reform in social security system such as household registration and medical care, in the long run, labor migration is not conducive to the improvement of the medical benefits of MC. Based on the above findings, this paper suggests that in the short‐term, more public resources should be allocated to the urban medical supply, especially at the primary level, and in the long‐term, the adjustment of public policies should be aimed at eliminating urban‐rural differences.