bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic management indicators of the state of the economy (a case study of Russian statistics)
Authors: Volkov Yuriy G. , Lukichev Pavel N. , Khunagov Rashid D. , Kartashevich Ekaterina V. , Meskhi Beburi B. 
Published: June 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to relate the pattern of economic growth with demographic data based on the natural population changes.Design/methodology/approachThe methodological foundation of this research consists in the structural and functional approach to the comprehension of the social system, methods of mathematical simulation of the dynamics of expansion and extension of the ecological niche of population and methodologies that are currently used for calculation of gross domestic product (GDP).FindingsThe research finding consists in the development of the theory of social evolution in the form of horizontal and vertical social differentiation, which is conditional upon the growing production of the excess product, which leads to the simulation of relation between the natural population changes and the production of GDP, expanding the boundaries of the ecological niche.Research limitations/implicationsThe relevance of the problem under study is driven by the need for theoretic interpretation of interrelation between the pattern of economic growth and demographic data based on the natural population changes.Originality/valueThe research leads us to the conclusion that there is a functional (for closed societies) and correlative (for open societies) relationship between the GDP growth and natural population changes with the property that the positive or negative population growth depends on the quantity of the total consumed costs (TCC) and its critical values.
A comparison of the cognitive actions of designers in geometry-based and parametric design environments
Authors: Tünger Çetin , Pektaş Şule Taşlı 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to compare designers’ cognitive behaviors in geometry-based modeling environments (GMEs) and parametric design environments (PDEs).

Design/methodology/approach
This study used Rhinoceros as the geometric and Grasshopper as the parametric design tool in an experimental setting. Designers’ cognitive behaviors were investigated by using the retrospective protocol analysis method with a content-oriented approach.

Findings
The results indicated that the participants performed more cognitive actions per minute in the PDE because of the extra algorithmic space that such environments include. On the other hand, the students viewed their designs more and focused more on product–user relation in the geometric modeling environment. While the students followed a top-down process and produced less number of topologically different design alternatives with the parametric design tool, they had more goal setting activities and higher number of alternative designs in the geometric modeling environment.

Originality/value
This study indicates that cognitive behaviors of designers in GMEs and PDEs differ significantly and these differences entail further attention from researchers and educators.
Sucralose causes non‐selective CD4 and CD8 lymphotoxicity via probable regulation of the MAPK8/APTX/EID1 genes: An in vitro/in silico study
Authors: Pasqualli Thaís , E Chaves Pamella Eduardha , da Veiga Pereira Lavínia , Adílio Serpa Élvio , de Oliveira Luís Flávio Souza , Machado Michel Mansur 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOne of the most widely used sweeteners in the world is sucralose. With sweetening power 600 times greater than sucrose, its use grows among those who seek to cut calories. Research shows that when heated, sucralose generates toxic products that attack the organism and interact with DNA. Our objective was to test this sweetener under unheated conditions and at average concentrations of consumption, evaluating parameters of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. For this purpose, we made use of lymphocyte cultures and the analysis of their CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ subpopulations. In a complementary way, the mechanism of action is proposed here by computational methods. Our results showed that sucralose reduces non‐selectively the total lymphocytes due to falls in the levels of the CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+CD8+ subpopulations. We observed an increase in the level of DNA damage and a gradual incidence of structural changes in the lymphocyte chromosomal sets. It was possible to propose that sucralose modulates the gene expression, interfering especially with the MAPK8, APTX, and EID1 genes. This article presents the results of an evidence‐based approach to the safety of human health in the use of sucralose. Finally, this study points out that sucralose has cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects in the concentrations and conditions tested in human lymphocyte cell culture.
Urban Ecological Enclosures: Conservation Planning, Peri‐urban Displacement, and Local State Formations in China
Authors: Rodenbiker Jesse 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAcross contemporary China, city governments are unevenly territorializing peri‐urban villagers’ land and housing by creating new urban ecological conservation sites. I analyze this emerging form of what I call ‘ecological territorialization’ through three interrelated spatial practices: comprehensive urban–rural planning, peri‐urban ‘ecological migration’, and the distribution of institutional responsibility for conservation site financing, construction and management. Detailing this triad of territorializing practices renews attention to the relationship between conservation classifications that justify state intervention, uneven displacements of people from rural land and housing, and site‐specific capitalizations that collectively consolidate urban government control over rural spaces. These practices emerge stochastically as state, private, and semi‐state institutions capitalize on conservation projects in the context of legally and constitutionally underdefined land use rights and ecological land designations. In the current post‐socialist moment of urban ‘greening’, these practices are key to producing frontiers of land‐based accumulation and extending local state control across the peri‐urban fringe. Urban ecological enclosures not only remake city‐level state power but also shape rural people's relationships to land, labor and housing.
Food safety in the classroom: Using the Delphi technique to evaluate researcher‐developed food safety curriculum aligned to state academic standards
Authors: Barrett Tressie E. , Feng Yaohua , Wang Hui‐Hui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHigh school students’ prevalence as food‐service industry employees and their lack of food safety knowledge make them prime candidates for food safety education. The researchers developed a food‐safety‐focused curriculum for high school students aligned with Indiana Academic Standards for Agriculture, Advanced Life Science: Food. The curriculum was designed to provide students with fundamental food safety concepts through experiential learning and incorporation of science, technology, engineering, agriculture, and mathematics (STEAM) activities in the context of different careers related to agriculture, especially in food science. This study uses the Delphi technique to evaluate the food safety curriculum, including the identification of barriers to incorporating the curriculum into classrooms. The Delphi technique uses an expert panel to generate consensus related to a topic. A panel of experts in the field of education evaluated the curriculum through three rounds of surveys containing questions related to six curriculum assessment topics. Experts rated the degree to which they agreed with statements about the curriculum using a 5‐point Likert scale and multiple‐choice questions. At the conclusion of the study, the cost to purchase materials for cooking labs was the only identified barrier to curriculum incorporation (62.5%). Experts agreed that the curriculum addressed academic standards (100%), was engaging for students (100.0%), was easy for teachers to use (89.5%), and successfully incorporated STEAM (100.0%), experiential learning (89.5%), and career‐education (78.9%). This study highlights the feasibility of providing food safety education to high school students in less traditional disciplines while promoting career development through the incorporation of experiential learning, STEAM, and career‐education components.
Disagreement in FST estimators: A case study from sex chromosomes
Authors: Gammerdinger William J. , Toups Melissa A. , Vicoso Beatriz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSewall Wright developed FST for describing population differentiation and it has since been extended to many novel applications, including the detection of homomorphic sex chromosomes. However, there has been confusion regarding the expected estimate of FST for a fixed difference between the X‐ and Y‐chromosome when comparing males and females. Here, we attempt to resolve this confusion by contrasting two common FST estimators and explain why they yield different estimates when applied to the case of sex chromosomes. We show that this difference is true for many allele frequencies, but the situation characterized by fixed differences between the X‐ and Y‐chromosome is among the most extreme. To avoid additional confusion, we recommend that all authors using FST clearly state which estimator of FST their work uses.
Clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of fusion‐induced asymmetric transcription assay‐based reverse transcription droplet digital PCR for ALK detection in formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded samples from lung cancer
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Wu Shafei , Shi Xiaohua , Lu Linping , Zhu Lingxiang , Guo Yong , Zhang Li , Zeng Xuan 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundAccurate detection of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement is the prerequisite for anti‐ALK therapy for the patient with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Fusion‐induced asymmetric transcription assay (FIATA)‐based reverse transcription droplet digital PCR (RT‐ddPCR) was developed and performed for ALK status survey in NSCLC samples.MethodsA total of 269 cases of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) specimens from NSCLC, in which ALK status was confirmed by both fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), were analyzed by FIATA‐based RT‐ddPCR.ResultsIn the ALK‐positive group, the 3′ ALK transcript copies range was 336.6–107 955.4, and the R3 [(the ratio of the 3′ ALK transcript copy numbers to the internal reference gene transcript copy numbers) × 100] was 17.23–672.77. In the ALK‐negative group, the 3′ ALK transcript copies range was 3.7–1370.6, and the R3 range was 0.10–15.57. The lowest R3 level in the ALK‐positive group was significantly higher than the highest R3 level in the ALK‐negative group. A positive correlation between the proportion of cancer cells in the tissue section and ALK RNA expression level (R3) was found (P < 0.05). There was no relationship between the percentage of FISH positive cells or FISH positive signal patterns and R3 level of the ALK gene. Compared with FISH and IHC, the clinical sensitivity and specificity of FIATA‐based RT‐ddPCR for ALK detection were 100%, respectively.ConclusionsAn absolute quantitative FIATA‐based RT‐ddPCR was developed and validated for ALK fusion detection in NSCLC. This method can rapidly, accurately, and objectively classify ALK types and help with individual therapy.
Evolutionary stakeholder theory in action: Adaptation of public utility regulation in the post‐OPEC world
Authors: McDermott Karl A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article extends the Humean example of evolutionary stakeholder theory introduced in Kline and McDermott (2019). In that article, it was established that the Cost of Service Regulation (COSR) rules created by regulatory commissions, courts, and legislation was an example of evolutionary stakeholder theory. Ultimately, the Supreme Court decision in the Hope Natural Gas case established that it was not the method, but the result reach that was important. If the result reach balanced the interests of stakeholders then the outcome was just and reasonable. Kline and McDermott (2019) also established that the COSR process was rather robust in terms of stakeholder participation. The purpose of this article is to extend the analysis to examine one of the most turbulent periods in COSR's history: the Post‐OPEC oil crisis of the 1970s–1980s. The effects of this period called into question the efficacy of the COSR process and led, as evolutionary stakeholder theory predicts, to a series of engagements by stakeholders to modify the rules of the process to achieve a better balance in the publics' interest. While adjudicatory in nature, the COSR process enabled cooperative solutions to redress the imbalances created by the OPEC oil shocks, improvements in information gathering, processing and decision‐making were all products of the evolutionary stakeholder process that regulators engaged in with stakeholders.
Transient stimulation of TRPV4‐expressing keratinocytes promotes hair follicle regeneration in mice
Authors: Yang Pu , Lu Ping , Luo Jialie , Du Lixia , Feng Jing , Cai Tao , Yuan Yi , Cheng Hunter , Hu Hongzhen 
Published: June 2020

Background and PurposeHair follicle telogen to anagen transition results in a break in cellular quiescence of the hair follicle stem cells, which subsequently promotes hair follicle regeneration. Many critical molecules and signalling pathways are involved in hair follicle cycle progression. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a polymodal sensory transducer that regulates various cutaneous functions under both normal and disease conditions. However, the role of TRPV4 in hair follicle regeneration in vivo remains incompletely understood.Experimental ApproachUsing adult C57BL/6J mice, keratinocyte (K14Cre; Trpv4f/f) and macrophage (Cx3cr1Cre; Trpv4f/f) Trpv4 conditional knockout (cKO) mice, Trpv4−/− mice, we investigated the effect of a single intradermal injection of GSK1016790A, a potent and selective small molecule TRPV4 activator, on hair follicle regeneration. Chemical cues and signal molecules involved in hair follicle cycle progression were measured by immunofluorescence staining, quantitative RT‐PCR and western blotting.Key ResultsHere, we show that a single intradermal injection of GSK1016790A is sufficient to induce telogen to anagen transition and hair follicle regeneration in mice by increasing the expression of the anagen‐promoting growth factors and down‐regulating the expression of growth factors that inhibit anagen. The action of GSK1016790A relies largely on the function of TRPV4 in skin and involves activation of downstream ERK signalling.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur results suggest that transient chemical activation of TRPV4 in the skin induces hair follicle regeneration in mice, which might provide an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hair loss and alopecia.
An anti‐siglec‐8 antibody depletes sputum eosinophils from asthmatic subjects and inhibits lung mast cells
Authors: Kerr Sheena C. , Gonzalez Jeanmarie R. , Schanin Julia , Peters Michael C. , Lambrecht Bart N. , Brock Emily C. , Charbit Annabelle , Ansel K. M. , Youngblood Bradford A. , Fahy John V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundSialic acid‐binding immunoglobulin‐like lectin (Siglec)‐8 is expressed on mast cells and eosinophils, but information about Siglec‐8 expression and function in the lung is limited. A humanized antibody, AK002, targeting Siglec‐8 is undergoing development for treatment of diseases associated with mast cell and eosinophil‐driven inflammation.ObjectiveTo characterize Siglec‐8 expression in the airway in asthma and determine whether antibodies that target Siglec‐8 (S8mAbs) can decrease airway eosinophils in asthma or inhibit lung mast cell activation.MethodsGene expression profiling and flow cytometry were used to characterize Siglec‐8 expression in sputum cells from stable asthma. An antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay was used to determine whether an S8mAb can decrease eosinophils in sputum from asthma patients ex vivo. A mast cell activation assay was used to determine whether an S8mAb can inhibit mast cell activation in human lung tissue ex vivo.ResultsGene expression for Siglec‐8 is increased in sputum cells in asthma and correlates with gene expression for eosinophils and mast cells. Gene expression for Siglec‐8 is inversely and significantly correlated with measures of airflow obstruction in asthma patients. Siglec‐8 is prominently expressed on the surface of eosinophils and mast cells in sputum. S8mAbs decrease eosinophils in sputum from patients with asthma and inhibit FcεR1‐activated mast cells in lung tissues.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceSiglec‐8 is highly expressed on eosinophils and mast cells in asthmatic sputum and targeting Siglec‐8 with an antibody is a plausible strategy to decrease sputum eosinophils and inhibit lung mast cells in asthma.
Alpha‐gal syndrome: An emerging cause of food and drug allergy
Authors: Rutkowski Krzyszof , Wagner Annette , Rutkowski Ryszard , Sowa Paweł , Pancewicz Sławomir , Moniuszko‐Malinowska Anna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlpha‐gal syndrome (AGS) describes a wide spectrum of hypersensitivity reactions mediated by specific IgE to the α‐gal epitope (galactose‐α‐1,3‐galactose) ubiquitously expressed on glycolipids/glycoproteins of most mammals. This fascinating new entity has completely changed the paradigms of allergy as allergic response is directed against an oligosaccharide and the reactions can be both immediate and delayed. They appear to be stimulated only by tick bites which induce production of α‐gal specific IgE antibodies that lead to (at times fatal) hypersensitivity response. AGS is completely different to previously described anaphylaxis to tick saliva. It provides unique insight into the interplay between different arms of the immune system and the role of ectoparasites in the development of anaphylaxis to food and medication in patients at risk of tick bites including travellers. This review summarises recent advances in our understanding of its clinical presentation, pathomechanism and role of various tick species in the development of AGS.
Cytopathology smears from autopsies: A viable storage method for molecular analysis
Authors: Hoelz Lucas , Mesgary Arya , Achar Eduardo , Gimenez Marcela , Saieg Mauro 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionCytology appears to be a viable option to histological samples for proper storage and maintenance of autopsy material for DNA extraction and analysis. In the present study, we tested the feasibility of using archived air‐dried smears produced at the time of the autopsy for simple molecular analysis, comparing quantity and quality of the DNA extracted from the smears to that of correspondent histological specimens.MethodsAir‐dried cytological smears were obtained from scrapings of exactly the same areas collected for histological study. DNA was extracted using a commercially available protocol from all samples, with calculation of purity ratio and overall concentration. The integrity of the extracted DNA was also verified through conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsFive cases of lung tumours (2 small cell carcinomas and 3 adenocarcinomas) were collected. Percentage of tumour cells and necrosis ranged from 30% to 90% and from 10% to 40%, respectively, in the cytological preparations, and from 50% to 90% and from 10% to 80%, respectively, in the histological preparations. Purity ratio (260/280) had a median of 1.87 in cytology vs 1.94 in histology. Mean DNA concentration among the cytological preparations was 2653 ng/mL (range 1684‐3980 ng/mL) vs 757.2 ng/mL among the histological preparations (range 456‐1829 ng/mL. DNA from all five cases of cytology was successfully amplified by conventional PCR, in contrast to none from the histology specimens.ConclusionsArchived air‐dried smears scraped from tumoural lesions in autopsies have proven to yield a good concentration of quality DNA for conventional PCR, with better results than formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded material.
Embodiment and the Risk of Reading
Authors: Öhman Anders 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this article, Anders Öhman discusses Gert J. J. Biesta's concept of the risk of education and what it could mean for the study of literature in the classroom. The article's point of departure is Bakhtin's theory of the utterance. The utterance, for Bakhtin, has to be embodied, that is, it has to be governed by a purpose: it must be uttered by someone, or at least the reader or listener must imagine that it is uttered by someone that speaks with an intent. A grammatical sentence that is not an utterance has no author and no direction or intention; it is therefore abstract and belongs to no one. Reading on the Internet, or digital reading, often consists of short passages or text fragments for which it is difficult to identify an author. These fragments are not embodied and thus the reader does not feel addressed by the text. Although Biesta does not reckon with Bakhtin's theory, his critique of “strong education” provides an analysis that runs along similar lines. According to Biesta, the notion of strong education and what he calls the “language of learning” regard knowledge as free of values thus rendering it abstract. In bringing together Bakhtin's and Biesta's analyses, Öhman concludes that in order for knowledge to elicit valuation, it must first become embodied; this process, in turn, is important to creating the conditions necessary for a dialogue to occur between the content of teaching and the students.
(Re)thinking Religious Studies
Authors: Enstedt Daniel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe world religions paradigm (WRP), often regarded as hegemonic in research and education in religious studies, has long been criticized for being modeled on predominantly Protestant, Christian, and Western ideas about religion, and thus running the risk of reductionism and of a failure to recognize expressions of religion that do not fit this framework. Despite this, it is difficult to get rid of the prevailing WRP, especially in education. In addition, nonconfessional, nonreligious, secular education in religion may be biased by norms and values that assume that religion as such is outdated and irrational. The seemingly neutral, nonreligious, or agnostic position that is present in religious studies at the higher education level can then be seen as aligned with an institutional, not necessarily personal, secular bias that rules out religion from the very outset. Consequently, higher level education about religion runs the risk of presenting religion in terms of flawed stereotypes. In this article, Daniel Enstedt addresses these two interrelated and subject‐specific problems by examining them through the lens of Gert J. J. Biesta's educational philosophy, and in particular in relation to his discussion about the three domains of education: qualification, socialization, and subjectification.