bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interplay between mast cells, pineal gland, and circadian rhythm: Links between histamine, melatonin, and inflammatory mediators
Authors: Pham Linh , Baiocchi Leonardo , Kennedy Lindsey , Sato Keisaku , Meadows Vik , Meng Fanyin , Huang Chiung‐Kuei , Kundu Debjyoti , Zhou Tianhao , Chen Lixian , Alpini Gianfranco , Francis Heather 
Published: October 2020

AbstractOur daily rhythmicity is controlled by a circadian clock with a specific set of genes located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus. Mast cells (MCs) are major effector cells that play a protective role against pathogens and inflammation. MC distribution and activation are associated with the circadian rhythm via two major pathways, IgE/FcεRI‐ and IL‐33/ST2‐mediated signaling. Furthermore, there is a robust oscillation between clock genes and MC‐specific genes. Melatonin is a hormone derived from the amino acid tryptophan and is produced primarily in the pineal gland near the center of the brain, and histamine is a biologically active amine synthesized from the decarboxylation of the amino acid histidine by the L‐histidine decarboxylase enzyme. Melatonin and histamine are previously reported to modulate circadian rhythms by pathways incorporating various modulators in which the nuclear factor–binding near the κ light‐chain gene in B cells, NF‐κB, is the common key factor. NF‐κB interacts with the core clock genes and disrupts the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokine mediators such as IL‐6, IL‐13, and TNF‐α. Currently, there has been no study evaluating the interdependence between melatonin and histamine with respect to circadian oscillations in MCs. Accumulating evidence suggests that restoring circadian rhythms in MCs by targeting melatonin and histamine via NF‐κB may be promising therapeutic strategy for MC‐mediated inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes recent findings for circadian‐mediated MC functional roles and activation paradigms, as well as the therapeutic potentials of targeting circadian‐mediated melatonin and histamine signaling in MC‐dependent inflammatory diseases.
Dietary supplementation with Moringa oleifera and mulberry leaf affects pork quality from finishing pigs
Authors: Chen Zujing , Xie Yueqin , Luo Junyi , Chen Ting , Xi Qianyun , Zhang Yongliang , Sun Jiajie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMoringa oleifera and Morus alba leaves are nutritious non‐traditional feed ingredients containing bioactive substances. This study was to evaluate the potential application of dietary Moringa and Morus leaf powder on the growth traits, carcass characteristics and meat quality of finishing pigs. Moringa did not alter growth performance or carcass characteristics, but it decreased meat b* value, increased MyHCIIa and decreased MyHCIIx mRNA levels, and increased CP and concentrations of Ala, Thr, Ile, Lys and Pro in longissimus thoracis. Morus increased final BW, ADFI and ADG, decreased F/G ratio, improved slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass yield and meat a* value, and decreased shear force, drip loss, MyHCIIx and MyHCIIb mRNA levels, and increased MyHCI and MyHCIIa mRNA levels. Morus also increased CP, Glu, Gly, Ala, Arg, Ile, Phe, Pro, Ser, Tyr and Asp, and C16:1, C18:1n9c, C20:4n6, C18:3n3, C20:3n3, C22:1n9 and n‐3 PUFA, but decreased C12:0 and C16:0. In summary, Morus improved the parameters and held great potential as an unconventional feed crop.
Variation in Photosynthetic Performance Relative to Thallus Microhabitat Heterogeneity in Lithothamnion australe (Rhodophyta, Corallinales) Rhodoliths
Authors: Kim Ju‐Hyoung , Steller Diana L. , Edwards Matthew S. 
Published: October 2020

Rhodoliths are free‐living, coralline algae that create heterogeneous structure over sedimentary habitats. These fragile ecosystems are threatened by anthropogenic disturbances that reduce their size and three‐dimensional structural complexity. We investigated how physical disturbance from boat moorings affects photosynthetic performance in the rhodolith Lithothamnion australe. Photosynthetic parameters were measured for intact rhodoliths and crushed rhodolith fragments of two sizes (ca. 1 and 2 cm diameter), while chlorophyll fluorescence was measured at the surface of rhodoliths of these two sizes, between the interior branches of the larger rhodoliths, and at the surface of 52 various sized (0.4–3.5 cm diameter) rhodoliths. Gross productivity and net productivity were 15% and 36% higher, respectively, in the smaller L. australe, while respiration was 10% higher in the larger individuals. Thallus crushing reduced gross productivity by 20% and 41%, and net productivity by 9% and 14% in the smaller and larger rhodoliths, respectively. It also reduced respiration by 33% and 60% in the smaller and larger rhodoliths, respectively. Fluorescence parameters were all greater at the surface of the larger L. australe than the smaller individuals, and greater at the surface than in the interior parts of the larger individuals. Across a range of rhodolith sizes, surface fluorescence parameters were at their maxima in 1.54 to 2.32 cm diameter individuals. These results show that L. australe’s complex structure creates heterogeneity in photosynthesis and respiration between their surface and interior parts and among rhodolith sizes. This information can help predict how rhodoliths may respond to disturbance and environmental stressors.
Psychiatrist and Psychologist Experiences with Telehealth and Remote Collaborative Care in Primary Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Howland Molly , Tennant McKenna , Bowen Deborah J. , Bauer Amy M. , Fortney John C. , Pyne Jeffrey M. , Shore Jay , Cerimele Joseph M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeAvailability of mental health services is limited in the rural United States. Two promising models to reach patients with limited access to care are telehealth referral and collaborative care. The objective of this study was to assess telepsychiatrist‐ and telepsychologist‐level facilitators and barriers to satisfaction with and implementation of these 2 telehealth models in rural settings.MethodsFocus groups were held in 2019 using a semistructured interview guide. Participants were off‐site telepsychiatrists (N = 10) and telepsychologists (N = 4) for primary care clinics across 3 states (Washington, Michigan, and Arkansas) involved in a recent pragmatic comparative effectiveness trial. Qualitative analysis occurred inductively by 2 independent coders.FindingsParticipants were satisfied with the models partly owing to good patient rapport and expanding access to care. Teamwork was highlighted as a facilitator in collaborative care and was often related to work with care managers. However, participants described communication with primary care providers as a challenge, especially in the telehealth referral arm. Barriers centered on variability of logistical processes (eg, symptom monitoring, scheduling, electronic medical record processes, and credentialing) among sites. Staff turnover, variable clinic investment, and inadequacy of training were possible explanations for these barriers.ConclusionsParticipants described high motivation to provide team‐based, remote care for patients, though they experienced operational challenges. Centralized credentialing, scheduling, and record keeping are possible solutions. These findings are important because consulting psychiatrists and psychologists may play a leadership role in the dissemination of these models.
Telehealth‐delivered CBT‐I programme enhanced by acceptance and commitment therapy for insomnia and hypnotic dependence: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chapoutot Mélinée , Peter‐Derex Laure , Schoendorff Benjamin , Faivre Thierry , Bastuji Hélène , Putois Benjamin 
Published: October 2020

SummaryCognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia is the recommended treatment for chronic insomnia. However, up to a quarter of patients dropout from cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia programmes. Acceptance, mindfulness and values‐based actions may constitute complementary therapeutic tools to cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia. The current study sought to evaluate the efficacy of a remotely delivered programme combining the main components of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (sleep restriction and stimulus control) with the third‐wave cognitive behavioural therapy acceptance and commitment therapy in adults with chronic insomnia and hypnotic dependence on insomnia symptoms and quality of life. Thirty‐two participants were enrolled in a pilot randomized controlled trial: half of them were assigned to a 3‐month waiting list before receiving the four “acceptance and commitment therapy‐enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia” treatment sessions using videoconference. The primary outcome was sleep quality as measured by the Insomnia Severity Index and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. All participants also filled out questionnaires about quality of life, use of hypnotics, depression and anxiety, acceptance, mindfulness, thought suppression, as well as a sleep diary at baseline, post‐treatment and 6‐month follow‐up. A large effect size was found for Insomnia Severity Index and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, but also daytime improvements, with increased quality of life and acceptance at post‐treatment endpoint in acceptance and commitment therapy‐enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia participants. Improvement in Insomnia Severity Index and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was maintained at the 6‐month follow‐up. Wait‐list participants increased their use of hypnotics, whereas acceptance and commitment therapy‐enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia participants evidenced reduced use of them. This pilot study suggests that web‐based cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia incorporating acceptance and commitment therapy processes may be an efficient option to treat chronic insomnia and hypnotic dependence.
Antibodies to gp210 and understanding risk in patients with primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Haldar Debashis , Janmohamed Ashnila , Plant Tim , Davidson Matthew , Norman Hannah , Russell Emily , Serevina Olivia , Chung Kenneth , Qamar Kashif , Gunson Bridget , Hansen Bettina , Richter Alex , Trivedi Palak J. , Hirschfield Gideon M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsA variety of auto‐antibody assays are available as part of the clinical care of patients with liver disease. We sought to better understand the clinical utility of immune serological testing in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC).MethodsWe retrospectively analysed data from 2846 patients investigated for liver disease at a UK liver centre between 2001 and 2017. A total of 499 patients with PBC were identified. Immune serology results were examined for their diagnostic utility and prognostic significance to predict transplant‐free survival.ResultsAntimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) were specific (94.5%) and sensitive (85.6%) for PBC; antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) against glycoprotein 210 (gp210) and sp100 were specific (>98%) but not sensitive (<25%). The disease‐specific ANAs were detectable in 29.6% of AMA‐negative patients. Anti‐gp210 auto‐antibodies were significantly associated with elevated serum aminotransferase activity, bilirubin and liver stiffness at presentation (P < .010). Anti‐gp210 auto‐antibodies predicted non‐response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) by GLOBE criteria (39.3% vs 16.7%, P = .005). Moreover, anti‐gp210 was independently associated with death or liver transplantation (HR 3.22, 95% CI 1.49‐6.96; P = .003), after accounting for other significant baseline determinants of outcome. Serologic finding of anti‐gp210 antibodies conferred an independent risk of death or transplantation (HR 4.13, 95% CI 1.85‐9.22; P = .001) after accounting for treatment response.ConclusionIn our single‐centre cohort of patients with PBC, the presence of anti‐gp210 was associated with an adverse presenting phenotype, predicted treatment non‐response and independently predicted reduced transplant‐free survival.
Palaeobiogeography of the North Pacific toothed mysticetes (Cetacea, Aetiocetidae): a key to Oligocene cetacean distributional patterns
Authors: Hernández Cisneros Atzcalli E. , Velez‐Juarbe Jorge 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBiogeographical distributional patterns of cetaceans reflect dispersal events and colonization of the oceans from their ancestral area in the ancient Sea of Tethys ~53 Ma. Likewise, they reveal several vicariance events throughout the evolutionary history of this group. However, our understanding of how these processes took place and what biogeographical scenarios occurred among the different groups of cetaceans through time is limited. Consequently, this work focuses on explaining the distributional patterns of the well‐known North Pacific toothed mysticetes, Aetiocetidae, through the power of retrodiction offered by track analysis (panbiogeography) and cladistic biogeography, using the approach of evolutionary biogeography. Our results show that the distributional patterns of Aetiocetidae explain their endemism in the North Pacific, as well as indicating that their hypothetical ancestor probably colonized the Pacific from the Atlantic Ocean by a dispersal event (founder effect) via the Central American Seaway. Furthermore, their biogeographical history shows that the adaptive radiation (cladogenesis) of Aetiocetidae is result of peripatric speciation followed by sympatric speciation within a heterogeneous environment. Finally, the biogeographical framework of Aetiocetidae further supports the relevant role that the Pacific Ocean has played in the evolution of Oligocene cetaceans as a geographical area that promoted endemism, dispersal and colonization. At more local scales, environmental conditions further promoted increased diversity and disparity amongst Mysticeti.
Distinct clonal evolution in a case with anaplastic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Kato Keisuke , Yoshimi Ai , Noda Asami , Otani Haruo , Hojo Hiroshi , Tanaka Mio , Tanaka Yukichi , Ito Yumi , Nishimura Riki , Takita Junko , Yanai Toshihiro , Koike Kazutoshi , Tsuchida Masahiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundClonal evolution of malignancy is a complex process related to intratumoral heterogeneity, as recent studies have also demonstrated in rhabdomyosarcoma. The purpose of this study is to present a distinct clonal feature of a case with anaplastic embryonal type rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) using molecular analysis.MethodsA five‐year‐old girl developed a metastatic pelvic tumor. We cultured neoplastic cells isolated from the biopsy sample. Next, to characterize the current case, we analyzed the biopsy sample, autopsy sample, and established cell line using combined modalities, including histopathological, cytogenetic, and molecular assay. We also undertook the backtrack mutation‐specific polymerase chain reaction to reveal clonal composition.ResultsThe histology of the biopsy sample was consistent with ERMS with focal anaplasia. We established a permanently growing cell line, ICH‐ERMS‐1, from the biopsy sample. On molecular analysis, the biopsied tissue revealed a missense mutation at codon 245 of TP53. In contrast, the autopsy tumor tissue and the cell line established from the biopsied tissue showed a missense mutation at codon 248. A backtrack study using mutation‐specific polymerase chain reaction detected a TP53 codon 248 mutation in the original biopsy sample. All the specimens examined had a missense mutation at PTPN11 codon 69.ConclusionsThis study highlights intratumoral heterogeneity and distinct clonal change related to the functional context in our anaplastic ERMS case, supporting the concept of intratumoral heterogeneity and clonal evolution. It requires further case collection to reveal whether p14ARF–p53–MDM2 tumor suppressor pathway alteration, considered a late event in ERMS tumorigenesis, is responsible for anaplasia in ERMS.
Work‐related asthma: A position paper from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand and the National Asthma Council Australia
Authors: Hoy Ryan , Burdon Jonathan , Chen Ling , Miles Susan , Perret Jennifer L , Prasad Shivonne , Radhakrishna Naghmeh , Rimmer Janet , Sim Malcolm R , Yates Deborah , Zosky Graeme 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTWork‐related asthma (WRA) is one of the most common occupational respiratory conditions, and includes asthma specifically caused by occupational exposures (OA) and asthma that is worsened by conditions at work (WEA). WRA should be considered in all adults with asthma, but especially those with new‐onset or difficult to control asthma. Improvement in asthma symptoms when away from work is suggestive of WRA. Clinical history alone is insufficient to diagnose WRA; therefore, objective investigations are required to confirm the presence of asthma and the association of asthma with work activities. Management of WRA requires pharmacotherapy similar to that of non‐WRA, however, also needs to take into account control of the causative workplace exposure. Ongoing exposure will likely lead to decline in lung function and worsening asthma control. WRA is a preventable condition but this does rely on increased awareness of WRA and thorough identification and control of all potential occupational respiratory hazards.
Characterization of Sintered Bronze–MoS2 Composite With Solid Lubrication Effect
Authors: Vieira L. E. , Gonçalves A. L. , Arraya N. I. R. , Rodrigues Neto J. B. , Dias A. , Klein A. N. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The most efficient method to reduce material loss and frictional energy losses is by using lubrication. An alternative is the use of solid lubrication, specifically by using solid lubricants evenly distributed in a metallic matrix, thus forming self-lubricating composites, which are capable to induce low coefficients of friction in mechanical systems. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a very versatile solid lubricant, suitable for lubrication in critical circumstances such as vacuum, high temperatures, and pressures. Therefore, the aim of this study is to produce samples of sintered composites consisting of homogeneously distributed MoS2 in a bronze matrix obtained by cold uniaxial pressing and to compare the wear-rates and friction coefficient between the MoS2-free bronze and the self-lubricating composites. Different MoS2 percentages were used to characterize the tribological properties of the composites as a function of the MoS2 content. At the end of the experiments, it was found that samples with 20% MoS2 did not sinter properly due to the large amount of lubricant between the bronze particles. It was also found that the mixture with 5.0 vol% MoS2 had proper sintering, satisfactory hardness, achieved lower friction coefficient, and better material wear performance due to the optimal amount and good distribution of MoS2 when compared with the rest of conditions studied.
On Defect Minimization During Microwave Drilling of Borosilicate Glass at 2.45 GHz Using Flowing Dielectric and Optimized Input Power
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , Mishra Radha Raman , Sharma Apurbba Kumar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMicrowave drilling is a machining process that utilizes microwave energy for removing the target material through ablation. In the present work, simulation and experimental studies were carried out to understand the effect of process parameters such as input power, dielectric medium, and dielectric flowrate on the heat-affected zone (HAZ), diametrical overcut (OC), and thermal stresses developed in the borosilicate glass workpieces during microwave drilling. Sub-millimeter holes were produced in workpieces at 2.45 GHz using a graphite tool in air and transformer oil with static (immersion depth = 45 mm) and dynamic conditions (flowrate: 16, 79, 141, and 204 cm3/s). Results indicate that a decrease in input power enhances the HAZ while drilling in air and static dielectric, whereas HAZ decreases (approximately 44% and 24%) in dynamic dielectric than air and static dielectric, respectively, due to better heat dissipation and flushing of debris. Machining time was minimum while drilling with static dielectric; however, it increased with the increase in dielectric flowrate and a decrease in input power. On the other hand, overcut increased at higher input powers and lower dielectric flowrates due to enhanced ablation and heat accumulation in the machining zone. Higher thermal stresses generated in borosilicate glass while drilling in air and static dielectric, whereas flowing dielectric produced lower thermal stresses. The study determines an optimum combination of flowrate (204 cm3/s) and input power (70 W) for minimum HAZ, overcut, and thermal stresses during microwave drilling.
Impact of Novel Dissimilar Shape Ternary Composition-Based Hybrid Nanofluids on the Thermal Performance Analysis of Radiator
Authors: Sahoo Rashmi Rekha , Kumar Vikash 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe thermal performance analysis of a radiator with a dissimilar shape nanoparticles, i.e., cylindrical (CNT)–platelet (graphene), spherical (Al2O3)–platelet (graphene), and spherical (Al2O3)–cylindrical (CNT) composition-based hybrid nanofluid for a coolant flowrate of 6 l/min, air velocity of 10.6 m/s, and 1.3% vol. faction of nanofluid has been studied and compared. Results revealed that a hybrid nanofluid as a coolant enhances the exergy–energy performance of the radiator. In this study, the cylindrical (CNT)–platelet (graphene) hybrid nanofluid results a decrement in the performance while the spherical (Al2O3)–platelet (graphene) hybrid nanofluid yields a better performance with coolant flowrate and air velocity. Particle shape has influenced a significant effect on the second law efficiency, exergy change, and irreversibility, which increases with an increase in air velocity, and volume fraction of hybrid nanofluid. However, the spherical (Al2O3)–platelet (graphene) hybrid nanofluid has 3.5%, 3.6%, and 1.12% higher performance index, exergy change in coolant, and second law efficiency, respectively, compared to the cylindrical (CNT)-platelet(graphene)-based hybrid nanofluid. Furthermore, results divulge that the nanoparticle shape has a notable impact on the performance of an automobile radiator. The spherical (Al2O3)–platelet (graphene) hybrid nanofluid exhibits supercilious over other shapes considered, and hence, it is more effective to use as a radiator coolant for enhancing the thermal performance.
Noninvasive Method to Measure Thermal Energy Flow Rate in a Pipe
Authors: Alanazi Mohammed A. , Diller Thomas E. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A noninvasive, thermal energy flowrate sensor based on a combination of heat flux and temperature measurements is developed for measuring the volume flowrate and the fluid temperature in a pipe. The sensor is covered by a thin-film heater and clamped onto the outer surface of the pipe. Two types of thin-film thermocouple elements are compared to minimize the thermal contact resistance R″ between the thermocouple and the surface of the pipe. A thin, flexible thermopile heat flux sensor (PHFS) is mounted over the thermocouples. A one-dimensional transient thermal model is applied before and during activation of the external heater to provide estimates of the fluid heat transfer coefficient h. The results are correlated with the volume flowrate Q and the fluid temperature Twc. Several different parameter estimation codes are used to estimate the optimal parameters by using the minimum root-mean-square (rms) error between the analytical and experimental sensor temperature values. The experiments are completed over a range of volume flowrates—1.3 gallons/min to 14.5 gallons/min. Encouraging measurement results give good correlation, repeatability, and sensitivity between the heat transfer coefficient h and the volume flowrate Q with an accurate estimation of the fluid temperature Twc. The resulting noninvasive thermal energy flowrate sensor can be used to estimate the volume flowrate and the fluid temperature in a variety of applications.