bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production and nutritional composition of juice powder from oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) Kummer
Authors: Ofodile Lauretta Nwanneka , Nicholas-Okpara Nwachukwu Viola A. , Ani Emmanuel , Ikegwu Emmanual Mmaduabuchi , Saanu Anjorin , Ezenwa Peace Chidinma , Osorinde Rafiat Titlope 
Published: November 2020

Background: Mushrooms have been used as functional foods, nutraceuticals and medicines for decades in Asian countries. Because of their vital roles in human health, nutrition, and well-being, they are described as treasures in the wild and have served as food supplements. In regard to their nutritional composition, they are relatively low in total fat, vitamins, minerals, and ﬁber, but rich in high quality proteins and polyunsaturated fatty acids.Objective: To determine the nutritional value and proximate analysis of the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, formulate mushroom juice powder, and determine its nutritional composition of the powderMethods: Optimization of the processing condition of the mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) Kummer was first conducted using four different drying temperatures; 55oC, 60oC, 65oC and 70oC hourly for 3 hours to determine the best drying temperature. The temperatures at which the juice retained 5-10% moisture were selected for preparation of condensate and analysis because they had the best nutrient composition. Stevia (plant sugar) was used as a sweetener and ginger as the flavor for the formulation of the juice powder. A nutritional composition analysis of the juice powder was also carried out.Results: The nutritional composition of dried P. ostreatus at the chosen drying temperature (55 oC) were (8.71, 9.45, 7.07, 9.38, 51.81 and 13.3 mg/g) for iron, manganese, copper, zinc, magnesium and calcium respectively. Nutritional values Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mg and Ca for the juice powder were 8.96 mg/g, 12.1mg/g, 7.94 mg/g, 11.88 mg/g, 59.0 mg/g and 42.0 mg/g respectively. The vitamin content of initial P. ostreatus raw material were Vitamin B1 (4.99) and B6 (0.74) while for the juice powder B1, B6 and C were 0.78mg/g, 0.035mg/g and 0.21mg/g respectively. Proximate analysis showed that the mushroom contained moisture (11.20±0.47%), fat (0.55±0.07%), protein (39.75±0.53%), fiber (3.30±1.04%), ash (8.65±0.52%) and carbohydrate (36.54±0.50%) while juice powder contained moisture (5.0%), fat (1.0%), protein(27.13%), fiber (16.00±2.52%), ash (2.83±0.12%) and carbohydrate(48.04±2.58%).Conclusion: This work demonstrated that the nutrient composition of the mushroom improved when formulated into juice powder. The quantity of Zn and Ca significantly increased in the juice powder at p<0.05 and reached the recommended daily dietary allowances and adequate intakes.Keywords: Pleurotus ostreatus, Juice powder, Nutritional value, formulation
Tumor Subtyping: Making Sense of Heterogeneity with a Goal Toward Treatment
Authors: Meeks Joshua J. , Sjödahl Gottfrid , Lerner Seth P. , Das Arighno , McConkey David J. , Black Peter C. 
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancers have high total mutation burdens resulting in genomic diversity and intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity that may impact the diversity of gene expression, biologic aggressiveness, and potentially response to therapy. To compare bladder cancers among patients, an organizational structure is necessary that describes the tumor at the histologic and molecular level. These “molecular subtypes”, or “expression subtypes” of bladder cancer were originally described in 2010 and continue to evolve secondary to next generation sequencing (NGS) and an increasing public repository of well-annotated cohorts. OBJECTIVE: To review the history and methodology of expression-based subtyping of non-muscle invasive (NMIBC) and muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). METHODS: A literature review was performed of primary papers from PubMed that described subtyping methods and their descriptive feature including search terms of “subtype”, and “bladder cancer”. RESULTS: 21 papers were identified for review. Tumor subtyping developed from N = 2 to N = 6 subtyping schemes with most subtypes comprised of at least luminal and basal tumors. Most NMIBCs are luminal cancers and luminal MIBCs may be associated with less aggressive features, while one study of basal tumors identified a better clinical outcome with systemic chemotherapy. Tumors with a P53-like may have intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy. The heterogeneity of tumors, which is likely derived from stromal components and immune cell infiltration, affect subtype calls. CONCLUSION: Subtyping, while still evolving, is ready for testing in clinical trials. Improved patient selection with tumor subtyping may help with tumor classification and potentially match patient or tumor to therapy.
Utility of quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the prediction of lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Luo Zhi-Yan , Hong Yu-Rong , Yan Cao-Xin , Wang Yong , Ye Qin , Huang Pintong 
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to find the optimal parameters and cutoffs to differentiate metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) from benign LNs in the patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) on the quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features. METHODS: A total of 134 LNs in 105 patients with PTCs were retrospectively enrolled. All LNs were evaluated by conventional ultrasound (US) and CEUS before biopsy or surgery. The diagnostic efficacy of CEUS parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: Univariate analysis indicated that metastatic LNs more often manifested centripetal or asynchronous perfusion, hyper-enhancement, heterogeneous enhancement, ring-enhancing margins, higher PI, larger AUC, longer TTP and DT/2 than benign LNs at pre-operative CEUS ( p < 0.001, for all). Multivariate analysis showed that centripetal or asynchronous perfusion (OR = 3.163; 95% CI, 1.721–5.812), hyper-enhancement(OR = 0.371; 95% CI, 0.150–0.917), DT/2 (OR = 7.408; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.496–36.673), and AUC (OR = 8.340; 95% CI, 2.677–25.984) were predictive for the presence of metastatic LNs. The sensitivity and accuracy of the quantitative CEUS were higher than qualitative CEUS (75% vs 55 % and 83.6% vs 76.1 %, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative CEUS parameters can provide more information to distinguish metastatic from benign LNs in PTC patients; In particular, DT/2 and AUC have a higher sensitivity and accuracy in predicting the presence of metastatic LNs and reduce unnecessary sampling of benign LNs.
Pengaruh Terapi Massage Counterpressure Terhadap Nyeri Kala I Pada Ibu Inpartu Di BPS Desa Durjan, Bangkalan
Authors: Budiarti Astrida 
Published: November 2020

Proses persalinan dimulai pada saat terjadi kontraksi uterus yang teratur dan progresif serta akan diakhiri dengan keluarnya janin. Massage counterpressure merupakan salah satu terapi non farmakologi, massage counterpressure dapat menimbulkan efek relaksasi dan menurunkan nyeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh terapi massage counterpressure terhadap nyeri kala I pada ibu inpartu.Desain penelitian ini adalah quasy eksperiment dengan pendekatan the static group comparism. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 23 responden yang dipilih secara accidental sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar kuisioner dan lembar observasi. Data analisa dengan uji Mann Whitney U-Test.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa massage counterpressure berpengaruh terhadap penurunan nyeri kala I pada ibu inpartu. Melalui uji statistik Man Whitney U-Test menunjukkan ada pengaruh yang signifikan ρ = 0,000 (α <0,05). Disimpulkan terapi masssage counterpressure berpengaruh terhadap nyeri kala I pada ibu inpartu.Implikasi penelitian ini adalah massage counterpressure berpengaruh terhadap nyeri kala I, sehingga BPS Desa Durjan, Bangkalan dapat memanfaatkan massage counterpressure dalam ngontrol nyeri kala I.
Validation of the HPLC-UV Method for Quantitative Determination of Steroid Sapogenin Diosgenin from Hay Fenugreek Seeds, Trigonella Foenum-graecum L.
Authors: Sukhanov A. E. , Stavrianidi A. N. , Kubasova E. D. , Panasyuk A. S. , Buyuklinskaya O. V. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Modern pharmacognostic research is aimed at searching for plant biologically active individual compounds (hereinafter referred to as RBAIS) isolated from plant extracts.Aim. Validation of HPLC-UV quantitative determination of sapogenin diosgenin in plant extracts from fenugreek seeds.Materials and methods. The object of study was raw materials-fenugreek seeds produced as medicinal plant raw materials by LLC «Sage» (Irkutsk). Validation of the method was carried out according to the parameters: specificity, linearity, correctness, precision in accordance with the requirements of SP XIV. One series of medicinal plant raw materials was used for the analysis, such as serial number – 010117, release date – 15 february 2017.Results and discussion. Validation characteristics were determined and their compliance with the necessary acceptance criteria was experimentally confirmed.Conclusion. It is established that the developed method of identification and quantitative determination of diosgenin in fenugreek seed extracts by HPLC-UV is correct, precise, specific and linear in the analytical field.
Quantitative Determination of Benzalconium Chloride in the Naltrexone Hydrochloride Nasal Spray
Authors: Domnina Yu. M. , Suslov V. V. , Kedik S. A. , Vorfolomeeva E. V. , Meleshko A. V. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Benzalkonium chloride is widely used as a conservation agent in medicines. For quantitative determination, the methods described in the European and American Pharmacopoeias by chromatography using columns with nitrile sorbent are often used. However, in order to unify the methods and simplify the quality control technology in the production process, it is advisable to adapt the existing methods for new goals and objectives.Aim. To develop a method for the quantitative determination of benzalkonium chloride in a nasal spray containing a thermosensitive polymer Poloxamer 407 and validate it.Materials and methods. As an object of research, a naltrexone hydrochloride nasal spray was used. The quantitative determination of naltrexone in the test sample was developed using a Dionex UltiMate 3000 high-performance liquid chromatograph (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) equipped with a diode-matrix detector.Results and discussion. The paper explored the possibility of using an earlier developed method for the quantitative determination of naltrexone hydrochloride for the quantitative determination of benzalkonium chloride in the composition of a nasal spray. Based on the results obtained, changes were made to the quantitative determination method, and the sample preparation of the samples under study was adapted.Conclusion. As a result of the studies carried out, the most acceptable conditions for the preparation of the nasal spray for the quantitative determination of the preservative were selected. The developed technique provides for the chromatographic conditions previously used for the determination of naltrexone hydrochloride, which makes it possible to use the equipment as efficiently as possible in the analysis of the finished drug. The method has been validated and its specificity, linearity, correctness and precision have been proven.
The Modern Concepts of Pharmaceutical Development in the Context of the Transition to a Uniform Regulation of Medicinal Products Circulation
Authors: Feofilova A. E. , Foteeva A. V. , Rostova N. B. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction. At the stage of transition from national to a uniform of circulation of pharmaceutical products regulation at the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) framework, harmonization of requirements for the development of medicines determines the need of use modern approaches, including the use of new methods and tools, thus to assure EAEU and other integration associations markets entry for effective and safe medicinal products. The new medicinal products development model, described in the ICH guidelines (The International Conference of Harmonization), involves a science-based approach to developing, using appropriate tools, such as defining a target product profile, establishing of critical quality indicators, risk assessment, establishment of design space, development of control strategy, drug lifecycle management and continuous improvement of existing processes. These approaches and techniques are not a part of the traditional paradigm of pharmaceutical development; although they are poorly understood and expensive, they are ensure the market entry of effective products with the desired quality parameters.Aim. Main purposes of this work are to compare two concepts of pharmaceutical developmentof medicinal products: traditional and improved, and to consider the necessity of new model usingin generic products development.Materials and methods. Research materials of this study were available literature sources, regulatory documents and guidelines regarding pharmaceutical products development, registration dossier documents, reports of regulatory authorities, pharmaceutical development reports. The achieving of study purposes was carried out on the basis of scientific research methods in the framework of comparative and logical analysis, and through the analysis and interpretation of the obtained data regarding pharmaceutical development of medicinal products.Results and discussion. On the basis of the data provided, author assess that modern concept it is a new, improved tool for development of medicinal products with specified quality parameters.Conclusion. The modern paradigm requires new expensive methods, stuff special knowledge and skills, investment and time, but it is effectively oriented on development of effective and safe medicinal products.
Phase Equilibrium of Biologically Active Systems 4,6-dinitro-5,7-dichlorobenzofuroxane and 5-nitro-4,6-dichlorobenzofuroxane
Authors: Yusupova L. M. , Khuziakhmetova A. N. , Gorelova E. G. , Mingazova V. K. , Galkina I. V. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction. One of the intensive ways to increase the therapeutic efficacy and safety of a drug is a combination of several already known substances or chemical compounds, leading to the appearance of a synergistic effect. This method of creating a medicinal product is one of the most important trends in recent times, since the synergistic effect allows one to achieve greater pharmacological activity, expand the range of medical applications and reduce the toxic effect of the drug on the organism. These pharmaceutical active substances include a binary mixture "Dimixan"(mixture 4,6-dinitro-5,7-dichlorobenzofuroxan (4,6-DNDHBFO) and 5-nitro-4,6-dichlorobenzofuroxan (5-NDHBFO). They demonstrate potentiated synergism to the ultra-resistant mold fungus of the species Aspergillius niger. However, the synergy mechanism of the mixture of 5-NDHBFO and 4,6-DNDHBFO is not fully studied. The results of determining the thermodynamic characteristics and phase equilibria in these systems will make it possible to determine the nature of the interaction between 5-NDCBPO and 4,6-DNDCBPO, which will undoubtedly contribute to the optimal organization of the production of a promising drug.Aim. Establishing the nature of the interaction between 5-NDHBFO and 4,6-DNDHBFO in the system.Materials and methods. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), phase equilibria in the 5-NDHBFO and 4,6-DNDHBFO systems were studied in a wide range of component concentrations. From the state diagram, the thermodynamic characteristics of the eutectic were determined: the enthalpy and entropy of melting of mixtures of 5-NDHBFO – 4,6-DNDHBFO at different ratios of components.Results and discussion. Based on the results of the study, phase reactions with the physicochemical interaction of 5-NDHBFO and 4,6-DNDHBFO in two-component systems with the formation of eutectic alloys of the "solid solution" type are identified. The specific values of the enthalpies of melting of alloys of eutectic compositions were determined, from which the entropies of melting were calculated. The results of a study of the density of eutectic compositions of 5-NDHBFO – 4,6-DNDHBFO indicate the formation of an interstitial solid solution.Conclusion. The nature of the interaction between 5-NDHBFO and 4,6-DNDHBFO in the system, leading to the appearance of a synergy effect, has been established. The results obtained are important for predicting the eutectic compositions of 5-NDHBFO and 4,6-DNDHBFO as active pharmaceutical ingredient with increased biological activity.
Development and Biopharmaceutical Evaluation of Tablets Based on the Poorly Water-soluble Substance 1-[2-(2-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl]-6-methyluracil
Authors: Demchenko D. V. , Jain (Korsakova) E. A. , Balabanyan V. Yu. , Makarova M. N. , Makarov V. G. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction. 1-[2-(2-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl]-6-methyluracil is a substance of scientific interest intended for the treatment of HIV-infection. However, its low bioavailability is a major limitation in successful drug delivery by oral route. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to enhance itssolubility by using solid dispersion technique followed by the development of a solid dosage form.Aim. Development of the composition and technology of tablets based on 1- [2-(2-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl]-6-methyluracil with the appropriate technological properties providing the most complete release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in vitro.Materials and methods. The pharmaceutical substance 1-[2-(2-benzoylphenoxy) ethyl]-6-methyluracil is a crystalline powder with poor solubility. Solid dispersions were prepared using Lactose, Kollidon® 17PF, Kollidon® 30, Kollidon® VA64, Kollidon 90F, and PEG-6000 as a carrier mostly in 1:4 ratio by two methods – co-melting and solvent evaporation. The technological properties of substance, tablet masses and tablet quality were determined according to the methods described in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (14th edition).Results and discussion. Article shows the results of development of the composition and technology of a medicine in the form of tablets based on the substance 1-[2-(2-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl]-6-methyluracil. Solid dispersion technique was used to improve the biopharmaceutical properties of 1-[2-(2-benzoylphenoxy)ethyl]-6-methyluracil.Conclusion. In vitro dissolution studies showed enhanced dissolution rate of the drug-loaded solid dispersion with Kollidon 17PF as a carrier as compared to pure drug.
Development of Thermoreversible Dental Gel with Berberine
Authors: Palvinskiy A. G. , Bakhrushina E. O. , Kozlova Z. M. , Sinitsyna A. A. , Krasnyuk I. I. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Dental gel is one of the modern dosage forms with optimal biopharmaceutical properties for the treatment and prevention of oral diseases An isoquinoline alkaloid berberine is the promising active substance with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect, capable of forming stable dispersed systems with gel-forming components. It is noteworthy that, despite the pronounced antimicrobial activity of the alkaloid berberine, there is currently no dental dosage form with this component on the pharmaceutical market, and therefore research in this direction is of great interest.Aim. Selection of the optimal technology for obtaining dental gel with berberine for the treatment of oral diseases.Materials and methods. Berberine bisulfate (manufactured by CJSC «Vifitech», Obolensk, Moscow region, RF), poloxamers P407 and P338 (EP, USP/N; BASF, Germany), propylene glycol (USP; BASF, Germany), sodium chloride (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany, Cat. No. S9888), mucin type II from a pig stomach (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany, Cat. No. M2378). In the development of the composition and technology for the preparation of gels, a magnetic stirrer with a temperature control function (C-MAG HS 7 from IKA, Germany) was used. Gels were prepared by the «hot method» and «cold method».Results and discussion. The production of the gel by the «hot method» provided a uniform dosage form. The obtained pH value is within the range of optimal diapason. Measurement of the specific peel force of the model gel sample showed pronounced mucoadhesive properties, which indicates that there is no need to adjust this parameter by introducing additional components into the formulation. The spectroscopic method is applicable for the analysis of berberine gel. It has been found that a significant dilution of the reference substance sample is required to develop an identification procedure.Conclusion. The production of a sample of the dosage form by the «hot method» is optimal, which is probably due to the effect of solubilization and better distribution of the active substance in the base.
Development and Standardization of Crayons with Eucalimine
Authors: Aleshnikova K. Yu. , Dul V. N. , Dzhavakhyan M. A. , Semkina O. A. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Promising sources of preparation of antiinflammatory drugs of interest for practical medicine are substances of plant origin. One of them is eucalimine, isolated from leaves or shoots of eucalyptus prutoid (Eucalyptus viminalis Labil) of the myrtle family (Myrtaceae), is a purified sum of terpenoid phenoloaldehydes of the floroglucine series (euglobals) and triterpenoids.Aim. The purpose of the present work is to create drug pencils with eucalimine for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.Materials and methods. The object of research is eucalymin. The study of the shape and size of ekalimine particles and its distribution in various dispersion media: cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, emulsion wax, castor oil, peach oil, medical petroleum jelly was carried out.Results and discussion. The paper presents the results of experimental studies justifying the selection of adjuvants for medical pencils and their standardization.Conclusion. The composition and technology of medicinal pencils with eucalimine for external use has been developed, quality indicators have been established.
Formação continuada e desenvolvimento profissional docente: narrativas de experiências vividas em escola Pública de Mato Grosso
Authors: Evangelista Edson Gomes , Novais Critiane Montes de 
Published: November 2020

As narrativas que compõem este artigo começaram a ser esboçadas a partir do perscrutar de ações delineadas em uma escola pública de Mato Grosso no ano de 2016. Objetiva-se antes e precipuamente entender como vem se dando os encontros de formação, no âmbito do Projeto Sala do Educador. Que perspectivas apresentam estes encontros quando considerados as relações entre formação continuada e desenvolvimento profissional docente, diálogos autênticos e experiências? Fulcra-se em termos metodológicos na Pesquisa Narrativa, tal como compreendida por Clandinnin e Connelly. O narrar aqui é concebido como um contar de histórias capazes de suscitaram novos sentidos a experiências vividas, narrativizadas. Da incursão realizada naquela manhã de sábado resultou a compreensão de que de modo bastante peculiar, resguardas devidas proporções, coletivos de aprendizagem vem se constituindo em contextos escolares, inclusive fomentadas por políticas públicas do Estado de Mato Grosso. Resta compreender, contudo, o impacto de tais encontros no desenvolvimento profissional docente, portanto pode-se dizer que é preciso perscrutar quais abordagens levadas a cabo nestes encontros favorecem o tornar-se pessoa e professor.