bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Looking for an Identity. The Patria and the Greek Cities in Late Antique Roman Empire
Authors: Focanti Lorenzo 
Published: November 2020

From the second century AD onwards, many patria were written in the Eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. Although none of these works have survived, the mentions of them in the later tradition demonstrate the importance they had in the Greek provinces. The aim of this paper is to analyse the link between the political evolution of the late Empire and the production of patria. I argue that these literary products testify to the changes of the cities within the urban hierarchy of the eastern Empire. In particular, they show the development of the centres linked to the three capitals of the Roman east : Alexandria, Antioch and Constantinople. Indeed, the presence of the imperial court (and the resulting flow of taxes and supplies) put these cities at the centre of extended urban networks. These urbanized areas connecting the three capitals and their hinterland have been defined by Peter Brown “ corridors of Empire”. The centres entering these large-scale corridors had to justify their new position in the imperial network, and the best way to achieve the goal was linking themselves to the mythical and historical circuits of the Greek world. The patria
served this purpose. While modelling the collective memory of myths, histories, and traditions of these cities, they canonized the acquired status.
Pengetahuan Siswa Tentang Resiko Menikah Dini Melalui Pendekatan Promosi Kesehatan
Authors: Simanjuntak Samuel M , Doloksaribu Mikaria 
Published: November 2020

Pernikahan dini merupakan silent issue terkait kesehatan dan hak asasi manusia. Jawa Barat merupakan salah satu propinsi di Indonesia dengan insiden pernikahan dini yang tertinggi setelah Kalimantan Tengah. Pendekatan promosi kesehatan yang diberikan sedini mungkin kepada anak remaja usia sekolah diharapkan akan menumbuhkan kesadaran terhadap resiko menikah dini. Metode pelayanan masyarakat yang diterapkan adalah dengan pemberian promosi kesehatan kepada para remaja. Target populasi dalam kegiatan pelayanan masyarakat ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas 2 di SMPN 3 Karyawangi. Kegitan promosi kesehatan meliputi perkenalan, pengukuran pengetahuan awal tentang resiko menikah dini, pemberian materi dengan metode pengajaran dan audio visual UNICEF, sesi tanya jawab, pengukuran pengetahuan post tentang resiko menikah dini dan sesi penutupan. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengkaji pengetahuan adalah kuesioner yang diadopsi dari Ellizabet (2010) dengan 20 butir pertanyaan. Hasil kajian tingkat pengetahuan remaja siswa SMP menunjukkan adanya perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan tentang resiko menikah dini antara sebelum dan sesudah promosi kesehatan. Peningkatan nilai pengetahuan remaja tentang resiko pernikahan dari sebelum promosi kesehatan dengan sesudah adalah 14,11% dengan p value ? 0.000. Sebagai saran kepada lembaga pendidikan SMPN 3 Karyawangi untuk memfasilitasi penyuluhan kesehatan secara berkala dan berkesinambungan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran remaja mengenai resiko menikah dini. Bagi dosen-dosen dan mahasiswa perawat dan tenaga kesehatan lainnya untuk bersedia menjadi mitra sekolah-sekolah dalam pelaksanaan promosi kesehatan dalam upaya pencegahan kejadian pernikahan dini. Bagi LPPM untuk terus mengadvokasi pengembangan pelayanan masyarakat dengan mengkoordinasi penerapan hasil penelitian pendekatan-pendekatan promosi kesehatan dalam pelaksanaan peran universitas sebagai mitra pemerintah mengembangkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat.
Desain Database Menggunakan Microsoft Access Pada Siswa-Siswi SMK PGRI Kabupaten Brebes
Authors: Anto Andri Widi , Noerman Syah Asrofi Langgeng , Priatna Sari Yeni , Zul Fauzi Arief 
Published: November 2020

Kemajuan teknologi informasi khususnya terkait dengan program komputer yang dapat meningkatkan serta menunjang efektivitas dan efisiensi proses bisnis. Oleh karenanya kemajuan teknologi informasi membuat organisasi di semua lini bisnis mengembangkan serta dan mengaplikasikan penggunaan teknologi untuk menghasilkan berbagai macam informasi. Database yang terkomputerisasi sangat menunjang kinerja dari suatu entitas, perancangan database perkantoran melalui Microsoft Acsess sangat membantu dalam pengolahan data serta memberikan informasi yang valid dalam pengambilan keputusan. Oleh karenanya siswa/i SMK PGRI Kabupaten Brebes perlu dibekali keterampilan dalam merancang serta membuat database menggunakan Microsoft Acsess. Adapun manfaat kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah siswa/i dapat merancang dan membuat database menggunakan microsoft acsess. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah metode pelatihan dengan praktik langsung desain database melalui komputer yang tersedia di laboraturium komputer SMK PGRI Kabupaten Brebes. Kesimpulan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah mayoritas siswa/i belum familiar atau belum mengetahui microsoft acsess sehingga siswa/i tersebut sangat antusias dalam mengikuti pelatihan perancangan database perkantoran.
Pengaruh Komunikasi Perawat Dengan Pasien Terhadap Risiko Insiden Keselamatan Pasien di Ruang Rawat Inap Kelas III
Authors: Maulita Tata , Hilda Hilda , Widiastuti Hesti Prawita 
Published: November 2020

Preface : Hospital patient safety standards which one is Communication, communication give effect to patient safety. Application between communication nurse and patient in class III inpatient room is not yet fully optimized until risk of patient safety incident. Research is aimed to find out efect of nurse communication with patient satisfacation patient safety incidents risk.
Methods: Type of research is quantitative with analytic study and cross sectional design. Total population of research is 292 people that spread to 7 service units. Sample of 58 people used a purposive sampling technique. Instruments used are communication and patient safety incidents risk questionnaires validity test already do. Data analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with Chi Square test.
Result: From tests are obtained score p = 0,004 result of p value < score α = 0,05 therefore Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. OR Score as big 5,455 nurse communication not good with patient have risk 5,455 more big to safety incidents risk.
Conclusion: There is a efect of nurse communication with patient satisfacation patient safety incidents risk. It is highly suggested for Hospital nurse to improve communication in care provide at inpatient room to prevent of patient safety incident.
Evaluation of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor Road Network: Shortest Route, Regional Distribution, and Robustness
Authors: Liaqait Raja Awais , Agha Mujtaba Hassan , Becker Till 
Published: November 2020

Purpose - The transport road network plays a significant role in the economic development of any country. An appropriate road network not only reduces transportation cost but it also serves as an infrastructural enabler for further economic development. The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is part of the Chinese “Belt and Road Initiative”, seeking better connectivity between Asia, Europe, and Africa. The major part of the CPEC project is the development of a road network linking the port city of Gwadar (Pakistan) with Kashgar (China). This paper focuses on the quantitative evaluation of alternate routes within the CPEC road network inside Pakistan with regard to travel times, road development in provinces, a balanced distribution of road network among provinces, and robustness against road closures. Methodology - The network is developed as an undirected graph with nodes as cities and edges as interlinking roads. Based on publicly available data, the paper identifies the shortest path from Gwadar to Khunjerab pass (Pakistan-China Border) and measures the distribution of the travelled distance among Pakistan’s provinces for each alternate route. Moreover, the robustness of road network is evaluated by a knock-out analysis. Results - The results showed that an unconsidered route by the planners promises the shortest travel time and that some proposed routes have significantly unbalanced share amongst provinces. There is a variation in robustness between the alternate routes, but with any route selected, the road network is able to remain functional even after closure of multiple connections.
Practical Implications - This study provides a decision-making toolbox for analysis and policy-making related to economic corridors e.g. CPEC – which is at its inception phase, and still tied to limited availability of data. Originality - The present study is novel because no prior study has covered the road network analysis of CPEC. Also, robustness and topographical analyses with respect to CPEC have not previously been undertaken.
Theoretical and Methodological Feasibility of Research Aimed at the Investigation of the Development of Interpersonal Trust in Police Officers
Authors: Лопатин Е.А. 
Published: November 2020

В статье дается теоретико-методологическое обоснование исследований установок на межличностное доверие у сотрудников органов внутренних дел. Доверие сотрудников полиции к другим людям, в отличие от доверия общества полиции, редко является предметом научного интереса. Недостаток исследований привел к необходимости обратиться к анализу работ, связанных с доверием представителей других правоохранительных органов (прежде всего, сотрудников уголовно-исполнительной системы), а также представителей гражданских профессий типа «человек — человек». Анализ показал значимость обучения в вузе как периода формирования профессионально значимых установок на межличностное доверие и недоверие. Выявлено, что средний уровень межличностного доверия является оптимальным и способствует повышению эффективности оперативно-служебной деятельности. Показано, что уровень межличностного доверия коррелирует с положительно оцениваемыми характеристиками коммуникативной компетенции: демократическим стилем управления, коммуникативной толерантностью и эмпатией. Изучены факторы формирования установок на доверие у сотрудников органов внутренних дел: объективные закономерности межличностного восприятия, особенности личности, внешности и поведения воспринимаемого субъекта, личностные особенности самого сотрудника. Описана методологическая база исследования межличностного доверия сотрудников органов внутренних дел.The article accounts for the theoretical and methodological feasibility of the research aimed at the investigation of the development of interpersonal trust in police officers. Unlike people’s trust in police, police officers’ trust in other people is highly underinvestigated. We therefore deem it necessary to analyze works investigating other law enforcement officials’ credibility (especially corrections officers’ credibility) and civilians’ credibility. The analysis shows that interpersonal trust as a foundation of professional relationships is largely shaped in the process of acquiring higher education. The article maintains that interpersonal trust is an essential prerequisite for efficient operational service. It shows that the level of interpersonal trust correlates with socially valid communication skills, democratic management style, communicative tolerance, empathy. The article investigates the factors that facilitate the development of trust in police officers: principles of interpersonal perception, police officers’ individual character traits, other people’s character traits, outer looks and behavioral patterns. It describes the methodological foundation of research of interpersonal trust in police officers.
A DESGW Search for the Electromagnetic Counterpart to the LIGO/Virgo Gravitational-wave Binary Neutron Star Merger Candidate S190510g
Authors: Garcia A. , Morgan R. , Herner K. , Palmese A. , Soares-Santos M. , Annis J. , Brout D. , Vivas A. K. , Drlica-Wagner A. , Santana-Silva L. , Tucker D. L. , Allam S. , Wiesner M. , García-Bellido J. , Gill M. S. S. , Sako M. , Kessler R. , Davis T. M. , Scolnic D. , Casares J. , Chen H. , Conselice C. , Cooke J. , Doctor Z. , Foley R. J. , Horvath J. , Howell D. A. , Kilpatrick C. D. , Lidman C. , E. F. Olivares , Paz-Chinchón F. , Pineda-G. J. , Quirola-Vásquez J. , Rest A. , Sherman N. , Abbott T. M. C. , Aguena M. , Avila S. , Bertin E. , Bhargava S. , Brooks D. , Burke D. L. , Rosell A. Carnero , Kind M. Carrasco , Carretero J. , Costanzi M. , da Costa L. N. , Desai S. , Diehl H. T. , Dietrich J. P. , Doel P. , Everett S. , Flaugher B. , Fosalba P. , Friedel D. , Frieman J. , Gaztanaga E. , Gerdes D. W. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gschwend J. , Gutierrez G. , Hinton S. R. , Hollowood D. L. , Honscheid K. , James D. J. , Kuehn K. , Kuropatkin N. , Lahav O. , Lima M. , Maia M. A. G. , March M. , Marshall J. L. , Menanteau F. , Miquel R. , Ogando R. L. C. , Plazas A. A. , Romer A. K. , Roodman A. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Schubnell M. , Serrano S. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith M. , Suchyta E. , Swanson M. E. C. , Tarle G. , Thomas D. , Varga T. N. , Walker A. R. , Weller J. ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We present the results from a search for the electromagnetic counterpart of the LIGO/Virgo event S190510g using the Dark Energy Camera (DECam). S190510g is a binary neutron star (BNS) merger candidate of moderate significance detected at a distance of 227 ± 92 Mpc and localized within an area of 31 (1166) square degrees at 50% (90%) confidence. While this event was later classified as likely nonastrophysical in nature within 30 hours of the event, our short latency search and discovery pipeline identified 11 counterpart candidates, all of which appear consistent with supernovae following offline analysis and spectroscopy by other instruments. Later reprocessing of the images enabled the recovery of six more candidates. Additionally, we implement our candidate selection procedure on simulated kilonovae and supernovae under DECam observing conditions (e.g., seeing and exposure time) with the intent of quantifying our search efficiency and making informed decisions on observing strategy for future similar events. This is the first BNS counterpart search to employ a comprehensive simulation-based efficiency study. We find that using the current follow-up strategy, there would need to be 19 events similar to S190510g for us to have a 99% chance of detecting an optical counterpart, assuming a GW170817-like kilonova. We further conclude that optimization of observing plans, which should include preference for deeper images over multiple color information, could result in up to a factor of 1.5 reduction in the total number of follow-ups needed for discovery.
DAMPE Proton Spectrum Indicates a Slow-diffusion Zone in the nearby ISM
Authors: Fang Kun , Bi Xiao-Jun , Yin Peng-Fei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The hardening and softening features in the DAMPE proton spectrum are very likely to have originated from a nearby supernova remnant (SNR). The proton spectrum from the nearby SNR is required to be very hard below ≈10 TeV. To reproduce this feature, we illustrate that an anomalously slow-diffusion zone for cosmic rays (CRs) must exist in the local interstellar medium (ISM) after also taking the dipole anisotropy of CRs into account. Assuming that the diffusion coefficient is homogeneous in the nearby ISM, we show that the diffusion coefficient is constrained to the magnitude of 1026 cm2 s−1 when normalized to 1 GeV, which is about 100 times smaller than the average value in the Galaxy. We further discuss the spatial distribution of the slow diffusion and find two distinct possibilities. In one case, the SNR is several hundred parsecs away from the solar system, and both the SNR and the solar system must be included in a large slow-diffusion zone. In the other case, the SNR is very close with a distance of ∼50 pc and the slow-diffusion zone is only limited around the SNR, while the current multiwavelength observations do not indicate such a close source. This work provides a new way of studying the CR diffusion in the local ISM.
IRIS Observations of the Low-atmosphere Counterparts of Active Region Outflows
Authors: Polito Vanessa , Pontieu Bart De , Testa Paola , Brooks David H. , Hansteen Viggo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Active region (AR) outflows have been studied in detail since the launch of Hinode/EIS and are believed to provide a possible source of mass and energy to the slow solar wind. In this work, we investigate the lower atmospheric counterpart of AR outflows using observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). We find that the IRIS Si iv, C ii, and Mg ii transition region (TR) and chromospheric lines exhibit different spectral features in the outflows as compared to neighboring regions at the footpoints (“moss”) of hot AR loops. The average redshift of Si iv in the outflow region (≈5.5 km s−1) is smaller than typical moss (≈12–13 km s−1) and quiet Sun (≈7.5 km s−1) values, while the C ii line is blueshifted (≈-1.1–1.5 km s−1), in contrast to the moss where it is observed to be redshifted by about ≈2.5 km s−1. Further, we observe that the low atmosphere underneath the coronal outflows is highly structured, with the presence of blueshifts in Si iv and positive Mg ii k2 asymmetries (which can be interpreted as signatures of chromospheric upflows) which are mostly not observed in the moss. These observations show a clear correlation between the coronal outflows and the chromosphere and TR underneath, which has not been shown before. Our work strongly suggests that these regions are not separate environments and should be treated together, and that current leading theories of AR outflows, such as the interchange reconnection model, need to take into account the dynamics of the low atmosphere.
New records of Celoporthe guangdongensis and Cytospora rhizophorae on mangrove apple in China
Authors: Tian Long , Xu Jin , Zhao Dan , Qiu Hua , Yang Hua , Qin Chang 
Published: November 2020

Sonneratia apetala Francis Buchanan-Hamilton (Sonneratiaceae, Myrtales), is a woody species with high adaptability and seed production capacity. S. apetala is widely cultivated worldwide as the main species for mangrove construction. However, the study of diseases affecting S. apetala is limitted, with only a few fungal pathogens being recorded. Cryphonectriaceae (Diaporthales) species are the main pathogens of plants. They can cause canker diseases to several trees and thereby seriously threaten the health of the hosts. These pathogens include Cryphonectria parasitica (Cryphonectriaceae) causing chestnut blight on Castanea (Rigling and Prospero 2017) and Cytospora chrysosperma (Cytosporaceae) causing polar and willow canker to Populus and Salix (Wang et al. 2015) . Therefore, the timely detection of of Cryphonectriaceae canker pathogens on S. apetala is extremely important for protecting the mangrove forests.
Two diaporthalean fungi, Celoporthe guangdongensis and Cytospora rhizophorae have been reported for the first time to cause canker on the branches of S. apetala. C. guangdongensis is significantly pathogenic and C. rhizophorae is saprophytic on S. apetala.
Clinical pattern, associated factors and impact of disease on quality of life among individuals with melasma visiting the dermatology clinic at Teaching Hospital Karapitiya
Authors: Wanniarachchi C. G. , Wijenayaka B. K. S. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Melasma is an acquired form of hypermelanosis that results in symmetrical, brownish pigmentation commonly on the face. This study was aimed to assess its clinical pattern, associated factors and impact of melasma on quality of life. Methods: A clinic-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted recruiting all individuals with melasma, attended to the dermatology clinic of Teaching Hospital Karapitiya for seven months. Both a selfreported questionnaire and an interviewer-administered data record sheet were used for data collection. Results: There were 172 individuals with melasma. Dominated by females (n=168, 97.7%) and 52.3% (n=90) were with Fitzpatrick type V skin. The mean age of onset was 47.2 years and the predominant pattern was malar pattern (58.1%). Most common associated factor was sun exposure (n=76, 44.7%), followed by, menstrual irregularities (20.5%), hormonal treatment (19.4%), family history (19.8%) and pregnancy (10.4%). Though 65.1% reported exposure to sun more than two hours in the midday, only 31.4% (n=54) used a sun protection method and sunscreens were used by only 4.65%, The mean MASI (Melasma Area and Severity Index) score was 12.7, with a range of 1.5 to 30.9. There were statistically significant correlations with family history, duration of sun exposure and the use of facial cosmetics (p<0.05). Mean Melasma Quality of Life Score (MELASQOL) was 28.86, but there was no significant correlation between MASI score and MELASQOL (Pearson correlation = 0.548, p>0.05). Conclusions: Melasma starts at an older age in our study population. It causes a significant negative effect on psychosocial aspects of quality of life though not related to severity, suggesting that treatment decisions shouldnot depend on severity. Appropriate usage of cosmetics and sunscreens must be advised.
Association between bone mineral density and vertebral fractures among patients with diabetes attending Teaching Hospital Karapitiya
Authors: Liyanage P. L. G. C. , Lekamwasam S. , Weerarathna T. P. , Samarawickrama B. Y. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) impairs bone strength resulting in an increased risk of fractures. This study was designed to determine the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and vertebral fractures among a selected group of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This cross-sectional study included patients with diabetes, selected from clinic attendees at Teaching Hospital Karapitiya. Serum creatinine, urine microalbumin to creatinine ratio and a lateral radiograph of the thoraco-lumbar spine were done in all patients. Those who were detected to have vertebral fracture/s underwent bone densitometry. BMD was also measured in a group of patients selected from the rest of the group who did not have vertebral fractures and another group of healthy individuals selected from the same community. They were matched for the age and gender. Results: In patients with diabetes (n=160, females 110), the mean (SD) age and the duration of the disease were 62 (10) years and 10 (3) years, respectively. Of patients with diabetes screened, 20 had vertebral fractures (12.5% prevalence). Compared to healthy controls, patients with diabetes without vertebral fractures had significantly low BMDs in the proximal femur but comparatively higher BMD in the total spine. BMDs measured in the total spine and proximal femur were not different between patients with DM vertebral fractures and without vertebral fractures. Conclusions: Our data indicate a 12.5% prevalence of vertebral fracture among patients with DM. Although patients with diabetes in general had lower BMDs in most of the regions examined, there was no significant difference in regional BMDs between those with fractures and without fractures.