bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weniger Stürze unter Teriparatid in Patienten mit Osteoporose: Eine Meta-Analyse
Authors: Möckel Luis 
Published: February 2020

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Da Stürze ein Risikofaktor für Frakturen sind, war das Ziel dieser Meta-Analyse, den Effekt von Teriparatid auf das Sturzrisiko bei Patienten mit Osteoporose zu bewerten.
Methoden Eine systematische Suche nach randomisierten, klinischen Studien mit Teriparatid wurde in Pubmed und der Datenbank clinicaltrials.gov durchgeführt. Entsprechend der Einschlusskriterien geeignete Studien wurden für die Meta-Analyse verwendet und Odds Ratios (OR) sowie die dazugehörigen 95 %-Konfidenzintervalle (95 %-KI) berechnet.
Ergebnisse Es wurden neun Studien mit 5.822 Patienten identifiziert und in diese Meta-Analyse eingeschlossen. Die Analyse zeigte, dass Patienten unter Teriparatid ein statistisch signifikant geringeres Risiko für einen Sturz hatten als Patienten in der Kontrollgruppe (OR: 0,75; 95 % KI: 0,56–1,00; p = 0,05; n = 5.822). Gegenüber einer reinen Bisphosphonat-Kontrollgruppe zeigte Teriparatid eine nichtsignifikante Reduktion des Sturzrisikos (OR: 0,77; 95 % KI: 0,55–1,06; p = 0,11; n = 2.658).
Schlussfolgerung Teriparatid senkte in dieser Meta-Analyse das Sturzrisiko signifikant gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe und könnte somit bei Patienten mit Osteoporose und hohem Sturzrisiko vorteilhaft sein.
Clostridium difficile Infection: An Epidemiology Update
Authors: De Roo Ana C. , Regenbogen Scott E. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Clostridium (reclassified as “Clostridioides”) difficile infection (CDI) is a healthcare-associated infection and significant source of potentially preventable morbidity, recurrence, and death, particularly among hospitalized older adults. Additional risk factors include antibiotic use and severe underlying illness. The increasing prevalence of community-associated CDI is gaining recognition as a novel source of morbidity in previously healthy patients. Even after recovery from initial infection, patients remain at risk for recurrence or reinfection with a new strain. Some pharmaco-epidemiologic studies have suggested an increased risk associated with proton pump inhibitors and protective effect from statins, but these findings have not been uniformly reproduced in all studies. Certain ribotypes of C. difficile, including the BI/NAP1/027, 106, and 018, are associated with increased antibiotic resistance and potential for higher morbidity and mortality. CDI remains a high-morbidity healthcare-associated infection, and better understanding of ribotypes and medication risk factors could help to target treatment, particularly for patients with high recurrence risk.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Redefining Surgical Management of Refractory Clostridium difficile Infection
Authors: Cheng Yao-Wen , Fischer Monika 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the process of transplanting stool from a healthy donor into the gut of a diseased individual for therapeutic purposes. It has a clearly defined role in the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile (reclassified as “Clostridioides difficile”) infection (CDI), with cure rates over 90% and decreased rates of subsequent recurrence compared with anti-CDI antibiotics. There is emerging evidence that FMT is also effective in the treatment of severe and fulminant CDI, with associated decreases in mortality and colectomy rates compared with standard antibiotic therapy. FMT shows promise as salvage therapy for critically-ill CDI patients refractory to maximum medical therapy and not deemed to be surgical candidates. FMT should be considered early in the course of severe CDI and should be delivered immediately in patients with signs of refractory CDI. Expansion of FMT's use along the spectrum of CDI severity has potential to decrease associated rates of mortality and colectomy.
Mutation in KCNJ2 Gene in a Boy with Atypical Features of Andersen–Tawil Syndrome, ADHD, and ASD: An Expanding Phenotype
Authors: Fadilah Ala , Mordekar Santosh R. , Matthai Sona 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAndersen–Tawil syndrome, a potassium ion channelopathy, is caused by mutations in the KCNJ2 gene, and accounts for approximately 10% of channelopathies. Phenotype is variable. An 11-year-old boy presented with periodic paralysis without localizing neurological signs, associated in only two of three occasions with hypokalemia, on a background of a diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. There was a history of syncope and palpitations. This was a matter of diagnostic uncertainty due to the difficulty in interpreting his neurological signs, and inconsistency of abnormal potassium levels. In children/young people with recurrent episodes of weakness without localizing signs on physical examination, and syncope, the possibility of a channelopathy should be considered, even in the absence of serum electrolyte abnormalities. There is a possible link between KCNJ2 mutations and difficulties in attention and a specific neurocognitive profile.
Surgical Outcomes, Complications, and Long-Term Functionality for Free Vascularized Fibula Grafts in the Pediatric Population: A 17-Year Experience and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: McCullough Meghan C. , Arkader Alexandre , Ariani Rojine , Lightdale-Miric Nina , Tolo Vernon , Stevanovic Milan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background In the pediatric population, bony defects of the extremities pose a significant challenge for which free vascularized fibular grafts (FVFGs) represent a valuable reconstructive option. The purpose of this study was to explore surgical outcomes, complications, and long-term functionality of FVFG for this patient group.
Methods Using MEDLINE and PubMed databases, studies were identified of pediatric extremity reconstruction using FVFG which reported functional outcomes and/or complications. The operative logs at a tertiary pediatric center were then reviewed for cases of FVFG between January 2000 and 2017. Demographic characteristics, surgical indications, operative details, graft survival, bony union, complications, and functionality of the reconstruction were recorded.
Results A total of 366 studies were identified with 23 ultimately meeting inclusion criteria in the systematic review. In the institutional series, 29 patients were included with mean age of 9.7 years (1–17 years). Indications for reconstruction included malignant bone tumor (n = 11), osteomyelitis (n = 9), congenital pseudoarthrosis (n = 6), and osteofibrous dysplasia (n = 3). Major postoperative complications included graft nonunion (24.1%), fracture (17.2%), and hardware failure (17.2%). Thirteen patients (44.8%) experienced delayed complications, while two (6.8%) experienced an immediate complication. Complications occurred in the donor site in 2 cases and the recipient site in all 13 cases. Long-term graft survival was achieved in 27 patients (93.1%), and 23 (79.3%) had full functional recovery, with an average Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score of 90% (60–100%). Mean follow-up was 5.17 years (2–12 years).
Conclusion This review and institutional series demonstrate the versatility of FVFG to facilitate limb reconstruction in large defects or serve as a salvage option in complex cases. While immediate and donor-site complications are uncommon, delayed recipient-site complications are frequent, and patients and families should be counseled regarding this expectation. Though technically challenging, excellent long-term graft viability and functional recovery can be achieved in the large majority of patients.
Evaluation of Sensation on Mastectomy Skin Flaps following Immediate Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Akdeniz Dogan Zeynep , Farhadi Jian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background During a subcutaneous mastectomy, nerves are severed and patients lose sensation on the breast skin. The aim of this study is to investigate factors that have impact on the sensation of the mastectomy flaps and patients' own perception regarding overall breast skin sensation.
Patients and Methods Patients who have undergone skin sparing or nipple sparing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction with either an implant or autologous tissue were included. Sensory assessment was performed at least 12 months after surgery using Semmes–Weinstein monofilaments (Aesthesio, San Jose, CA). The breast envelope was divided into four quadrants, and one measurement from each quadrant was recorded. Patients were also asked to fill out a questionnaire before the examination.
Results A total of 59 breasts in 40 women were examined. In lower medial quadrant, significantly more patients reported “no sensation” in the radiated group than the nonradiated group. In upper medial quadrant and lower lateral quadrant, patients with NSM reported better sensation than patients with skin sparing mastectomy (SSM).
Conclusion Vascularized tissue did not improve sensory recovery. There was no relationship between sensation and the preoperative cup size and the number of revision surgeries. Irradiation was associated with higher sensory thresholds in lower medial quadrant. Nipple sparing mastectomy was associated with lower sensory thresholds in two quadrants compared to SSM. Independent of all variables none of the patients reported normal sensation.
Comparison of the ViOptix Intra.Ox Near Infrared Tissue Spectrometer and Indocyanine Green Angiography in a Porcine Bowel Model
Authors: Khavanin Nima , Almaazmi Hamda , Darrach Halley , Kraenzlin Franca , Safar Bashar , Sacks Justin M. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background This study aims to directly compare measurements of tissue oxygenation obtained using the Intra.Ox (Vioptix Inc., Fremont, CA) near infrared spectrometer with the perfusion assessment of the indocyanine green (ICG)-based SPY Elite imaging system (Stryker Co., Kalamazoo, MI) in a porcine bowel model.
Methods Two live minipigs underwent laparotomy and isolation of a 30-cm segment of a large bowel. Standardized oximetry measurements were taken along the segment of bowel immediately before, after, and serially for 30 minutes following transection. A 0.5 mg/kg dose of ICG was then injected intravenously and the SPY Elite system was used to visualize and quantify tissue perfusion. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated using the outcomes.
Results Transected and ligated bowel yielded mean Intra.Ox measurements of 61% oxygenation at the proximal base of the limb and 27.8% at the distal edges. Analysis of the relative ICG fluorescence using the SPY Elite's proprietary software yielded perfusion estimates of 64.8% proximally and 6.8% distally. Intra.Ox and SPY Elite measurements demonstrate a Pearson product–moment correlation of 0.929. Repeat measurements at 15-mm intervals along the tissue yielded decreasing Intra.Ox measurements along the length of the flap that correlate to SPY Elite measurements (r = 0.645).
Conclusion Both the Intra.Ox and the SPY detected clinically relevant changes in bowel oxygenation following transection and ligation. The use of intravenous ICG dye did not appear to affect measurements of tissue oxygenation obtained using the Intra.Ox.
Obesity and the Abdominal Wall Vasculature: Correlating BMI with Perforator Anatomy
Authors: DelMauro Matthew A. , Moon Victor A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Given the national trends in obesity, reconstructive surgeons are faced with an increasing number of overweight and obese women interested in postmastectomy breast reconstruction. While the link between obesity and adverse postoperative outcomes is well established, few studies have explored the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the vasculature of the anterior abdominal wall.
Methods A radiographic review was conducted on female patients who underwent computed tomographic angiography (CTA) of the anterior abdominal wall. CTA studies were evaluated for perforator caliber and quantity. Patients were stratified by BMI. The relationship between BMI and the diameter and number of deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) perforators was analyzed using analysis of variance using Minitab software with α of 0.05.
Results There were a total of 916 hemiabdomens included in this study. There was no statistically significant correlation between BMI and DIEA diameter or mean diameter of major (≥ 1 mm) DIEA perforators. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between BMI and the number of major DIEA perforators (p < 0.01).
Conclusion Despite the increased demands of excess abdominal adiposity, DIEA perforator caliber was not correlated with BMI on CTA. The number of major DIEA perforators visualized on CTA decreased with increasing body weight may indicate a limitation of CTA for presurgical planning of abdominal free flaps in obese patients.
Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Identified during Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Line Placement
Authors: Borde Arvind , Ukirde Vivek 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction A persistent left superior vena cava (SVC) is found in 0.3 to 0.5% of the general population. It is seen in up to 10% of the patients with a congenital cardiac anomaly, being the most common thoracic venous anomaly, and is usually asymptomatic. Being familiar with such anomaly could help clinicians avoid complications during the placement of central lines, Swan-Ganz catheters, peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) lines, dialysis catheters, defibrillators, and pacemakers.
Case Presentation We describe a case of persistent left SVC which was noted after placement of a PICC line. A 5-year-old male child was hospitalized for evaluation and management of leukemia. He required PICC line placement for chemotherapy. He was noted to have a persistent left SVC during the procedure under fluoroscopic guidance and subsequently correct placement of PICC line in right SVC.
Discussion This anatomical variant can pose iatrogenic risks if the clinician does not recognize it. A central catheter that tracks down the left mediastinal border may also be in the descending aorta, internal thoracic vein, superior intercostal vein, pericardiophrenic vein, pleura, pericardium, or mediastinum.
Conclusion Our case is significant because the patient was diagnosed with double SVC on table only followed by the placement of PICC line into the right SVC. This case strongly demonstrates the importance of knowing the thoracic venous anomalies.
Burning Bridges: The problem of relations in object-oriented ontology—a topological approach
Authors: Wilde Niels 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper explores the status of relations in object-oriented ontology (OOO). On the one hand, objects often seem to get the upper hand, since what an object is cannot be reduced to the sum total of its (external) relations. On the other hand, there cannot be a hierarchy between object and relations, since we would then be talking about a vertical ontology, and what OOO advocates is a flat ontology. Relations must have the same ontological status as objects, due to the flatness of reality. Furthermore, relations already play a role in the things themselves in terms of an internal relationality. What an object is cannot be separated from where it is. In other words, the object is its where. While internal relations seem to work at the central core of objects, external relations pose the greatest problem. If objects are destructible, we have to re-evaluate the status of external relations. While OOO is still to develop a fully-fledged theory of destructibility or death, I suggest that Kierkegaard’s notion of finitude can provide a fruitful trajectory. With Kierkegaard, I argue that death cannot merely be located within an object but concerns the radical outside which brings the status of external relationality to the fore.
Safeguarding intestine cells against enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
by intracellular protein reaction, a preventive antibacterial mechanism
Authors: Qiu Jiaming , Nie Yunyu , Zhao Yuan , Zhang Yu , Li Linting , Wang Rui , Wang Miaomiao , Chen Sheng , Wang Jianhao , Li Yong-Qiang , Xia Jiang 
Published: February 2020

Significance
New antibacterial strategies that circumvent existing mechanisms hold promise in the fight against drug-resistant bacteria. Here we present an antibacterial mechanism that safeguards cells and animals by shutting down an intracellular signal through a site-selective covalent peptide-protein reaction instead of acting on bacterium cells. The novelty of this work is multifold, including a cysteine- specific reaction at an SH3 domain of an adaptor protein in cells, selective blockage of the second SH3 domain of Nck but not the other two SH3 domains, and prevention of EPEC-induced infection in animals for at least 12 h by reactive peptide. Thus, this preventative mechanism differs significantly from the bactericidal actions of antibiotics.
Nanoscale precipitates as sustainable dislocation sources for enhanced ductility and high strength
Authors: Peng Shenyou , Wei Yujie , Gao Huajian 
Published: February 2020

Significance
Precipitates in a material are traditionally thought of as dislocation obstacles that lead to elevated strength and reduced ductility. In contrast, recent experiments suggest that nanoscale precipitates facilitate both high strength and large ductility. To help resolve this apparent paradox, here we reveal that nanoprecipitates provide a unique type of dislocation sources that are activated at sufficiently high stress levels and render uniform plasticity by simultaneously serving as efficient dislocation sources and obstacles to dislocation motion, giving rise to sustained deformability. The findings can guide development of next generation of materials such as multiple-element alloys with precipitate engineering.
HIV-1 uncoats in the nucleus near sites of integration
Authors: Burdick Ryan C. , Li Chenglei , Munshi MohamedHusen , Rawson Jonathan M. O. , Nagashima Kunio , Hu Wei-Shau , Pathak Vinay K. 
Published: February 2020

Significance
For several decades, retroviral core uncoating has been thought to occur in the cytoplasm in coordination with reverse transcription, and while some recent studies have concluded that HIV-1 uncoating occurs at the nuclear envelope during nuclear import, none have concluded that uncoating occurs in the nucleus. Here, we developed methods to study HIV-1 uncoating by direct labeling and quantification of the viral capsid protein associated with infectious viral cores that produced transcriptionally active proviruses. We find that infectious viral cores in the nuclei of infected cells are largely intact and uncoat near their integration sites just before integration. These unexpected findings fundamentally change our understanding of HIV-1 postentry replication events.
Capillary transfer of soft films
Authors: Zhang Yue , Yin Mengtian , Baek Yongmin , Lee Kyusang , Zangari Giovanni , Cai Liheng , Xu Baoxing 
Published: February 2020

Significance
Soft films are the basis for an entire class of wearable technologies in flexible electronics and biomedical devices. The capillary transfer approach reported here establishes a rational route for the fast transfer of soft films from liquid onto a solid substrate in a well-defined order that allows achieving deterministic assembly of structures with complex layouts and patterns for applications in the fabrication of flexible electronics, surface wetting structures, and optical devices. The developed theoretical models along with validations from extensive experiments and computational analysis provide a fundamental understanding of solid-liquid interactions in response to external mechanical stimuli that can be leveraged in the exploration of emerging fabrication and self-assembly technologies with a broad scope of materials and liquid environments.
Caloric test versus video head impulse test in vestibular neuritis patients
Authors: Mekki S. , Mohamed W. , Omar S. , Gad N. 
Published: February 2020

Background
The caloric test and the video head impulse test (vHIT) are diagnostic tools to examine vestibular neuritis (VN) patients through assessing the function of the semicircular canals. Both tests assess the vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) with major differences between them as regards stimulus characteristics, frequency, methodology and function examined. The caloric test is the gold standard test in VOR assessment. The vHIT assesses the same reflex (VOR) by using a video-assisted examination of the impulsive manoeuvre.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the presence or absence of agreement between both vHIT and the caloric test in VN patients.

Design
A case-control study was conducted in Audiovestibular unit, Department of ENT, Zagazig University Hospitals. About 24 patients with VN were included. Both vHIT and the caloric test were done on two consecutive days. We assessed the agreement between these two tests.

Results
Horizontal gain asymmetry (GA) with the canal paresis. There was a slight agreement between both tests.

Conclusions
The VHIT and the caloric test stimulate different frequencies of VOR. They are complementary rather than being alternatives in the diagnosis of peripheral VN.
Focus on recent, present and future Arctic and boreal productivity and biomass changes
Authors: Tømmervik Hans , Forbes Bruce C 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The reduction of cold temperature constraints on photosynthesis in recent decades has led to extended growing seasons and increased plant productivity (greening) in significant parts of Polar, Arctic and Boreal regions, here called northern lands. However, most territories within these regions display stable productivity in recent years. Smaller portions of Arctic and Boreal regions show reduced productivity (browning). Summer drought and wildfires are the best documented drivers causing browning of continental areas. Yet factors like winter warming events dampening the greening effect of more maritime regions have remained elusive, least monitored and least understood. A Norway-US network project called ArcticBiomass was launched in 2013 to further reveal both positive and negative effects of climate change on biomass in Arctic and Boreal regions. This focus collection named Focus on Recent, Present and Future Arctic and Boreal Productivity and Biomass Changes includes 24 articles and is an important outcome of this work and addresses recent changes in phenology, biomass and productivity and the mechanisms. These mechanisms include former human interactions (legacies) and drivers that control such changes (both greening and browning), along with consequences for local, regional and global scale processes. We complete our synthesis by stressing remaining challenges and knowledge gaps, and provide an outlook on future needs and research questions in the study of climate and human driven interactions in terrestrial Arctic and Boreal ecosystems.
Degradation of PVC Waterproofing Membrane containing Plasticizers
Authors: Novotný Marek 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Durability and repairability are one of the basic conditions for the economically efficient use of building materials. The actual lifetime of PVC waterproofing membrane is not only affected by the ageing of the materials, but also by the ageing of the joints. Thus, a significant phenomenon in the evaluation of the lifetime of roof cladding is its realisation - welding. Plasticizers are used for the production of PVC waterproofing membrane. The migration of the plasticizers and the quantity of non-combustible residues (fillers) influence the service life (durability) and the possibility of subsequent repair. Methods used to determine the quantity of non-combustible residues and quantity of plasticizers are described in the paper. Samples were taken from roofs with degrading roofing layer. Based on the results, the lifetime of the PVC waterproofing membrane was determined in dependence on the plasticizers.