bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiles of MicroRNAs in Interleukin–27-Induced HIV-Resistant T Cells: Identification of a Novel Antiviral MicroRNA
Authors: Goswami Suranjana , Hu Xiaojun , Chen Qian , Qiu Ju , Yang Jun , Poudyal Deepak , Sherman Brad T. , Chang Weizhong , Imamichi Tomozumi 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is known as an anti-HIV cytokine. We have recently demonstrated that IL-27-pretreatment promotes phytohemagglutinin-stimulated CD4(+) T cells into HIV-1-resistant cells by inhibiting an uncoating step.

Purpose:
To further characterize the function of the HIV resistant T cells, we investigated profiles of microRNA in the cells using microRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) and assessed anti-HIV effect of the microRNAs.

Methods:
Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated CD4(+) T cells were treated with or without IL-27 for 3 days. MicroRNA profiles were analyzed using miRNA-seq. To assess anti-HIV effect, T cells or macrophages were transfected with synthesized microRNA mimics and then infected with HIVNL4.3 or HIVAD8. Anti-HIV effect was monitored by a p24 antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β, or IFN-λ production was quantified using each subtype-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.

Results:
A comparative analysis of microRNA profiles indicated that expression of known miRNAs was not significantly changed in IL-27-treated cells compared with untreated T cells; however, a total of 15 novel microRNAs (miRTC1 ∼ miRTC15) were identified. Anti-HIV assay using overexpression of each novel microRNA revealed that 10 nM miRTC14 (GenBank accession number: MF281439) remarkably suppressed HIV infection by (99.3 ± 0.27%, n = 9) in macrophages but not in T cells. The inhibition was associated through induction of >1000 pg/mL of IFN-αs and IFN-λ1.

Conclusion:
We discovered a total of 15 novel microRNAs in T cells and characterized that miRTC14, one of the novel microRNAs, was a potent IFN-inducing anti-HIV miRNA, implicating that regulation of the expression of miRTC14 may be a potent therapeutic tool for not only HIV but also other virus infection.
Sexual Relationship Types, Partner HIV Self-Testing, and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among South African Adolescent Girls and Young Women: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Atkins Kaitlyn , Rucinski Katherine , Mudavanhu Mutsa , Holmes Leah , Mutunga Lillian , Kaufman Michelle R. , Bassett Jean , Van Rie Annelies , Schwartz Sheree R. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Sexual relationships among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) are influenced by social, economic, and gender dynamics. Understanding AGYW's different relationship types and their implications for HIV risk is important for development of tailored interventions. We sought to identify relationship typologies among AGYW and their impact on uptake of HIV prevention interventions.

Methods:
From May 2018 to February 2019, 2200 HIV-negative AGYW (ages 16–24) in Johannesburg, South Africa, participated in an HIV prevention intervention involving distribution of HIV self-test kits to their male partners. AGYW were also offered pre-exposure prophylaxis. At baseline, AGYW completed a questionnaire, and outcomes were assessed for 3 months. We used latent class analysis to identify relationship types and mixture modeling to estimate the impact of relationship type on engagement in prevention interventions.

Results:
We identified 3 relationship types: “stable, empowered relationships with older partners” (class 1, n = 973); “shorter, empowered relationships with peer partners” (class 2, n = 1067); and “shorter relationships with risky partners” (class 3, n = 160). Compared with AGYW in class 1 relationships, AGYW in class 2 and 3 relationships were less likely to complete partner testing alongside HIV results sharing (class 2 adjusted risk ratio: 0.89, 95% confidence interval: 0.85 to 0.95; class 3 adjusted risk ratio: 0.84, 95% confidence interval: 0.73 to 0.94). Pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake was highest in class 3 (11.2%) compared with class 2 (3.8%) and class 1 (1.0%; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Relationship type impacts uptake of HIV prevention interventions among South African youth. Intervention effectiveness could be optimized by using tailored approaches to HIV risk mitigation among AGYW.
Global Burn Registry Perspective on Head and Neck Burns
Authors: Ngaage Ledibabari M. , Borrelli Mimi R. , Rose John A. , Puthumana Joseph , Rada Erin M. , Nam Arthur J. , Caffrey Julie , Rasko Yvonne 
Published: November 2020

Introduction
As exposed regions of the body, the head and neck are at increased risk of burn injury. The cosmetic and functional importance of these anatomical regions means that burns can result in substantial morbidity and mortality. Our objective was to characterize predictive factors for surgery and discharge condition in patients with head and neck burns internationally.

Methods
We conducted an epidemiological study of all head and neck burns in 14 countries reported in the World Health Organization Global Burn Registry. Multivariate regression was used to identify variables predictive of surgical treatment and discharge condition.

Results
We identified 1014 patients who sustained head and neck burns; the majority were adults (60%). Both adults and children admitted to hospital with head and neck burn injuries were less likely to be treated surgically in lower-middle–income countries (LMIC) than in higher-income countries (P < 0.001). Increasing age and greater total surface body area (TBSA) were significant predictors of surgical intervention in children with head and neck burn injuries (P < 0.001). Total surface body area, associated injuries, ocular burns, female sex, and LMIC residency were all significant predictors of mortality in adult patients with head and neck burns (P < 0.050). Conversely, TBSA was the only variable that independently increased the risk of death in children with head and neck burns (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Certain groups are at increased risk of an adverse outcome after admission with a head and neck burn injury. Given the reduced incidence of surgical intervention and the elevated mortality risk in LMICs, global health initiatives should be targeted to these countries.
Multifactor Prognostic Evaluation of Postoperative Craniopharyngiomas
Authors: Yang Fengyu , Liu Wei , Cheng Dekui , Zhang Hongliang , Li Ziji , Cao Zhigang , Zhang Jinwu , Lv Bingke , Feng Yugong , Li Huanting 
Published: November 2020

Purpose:
To evaluate various factors that could be associated with the postoperative prognosis of patients with craniopharyngiomas and provide evidence for the proper surgical course and optimal outcome assessments of craniopharyngiomas.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective study and reviewed 68 patients with craniopharyngiomas who received surgery from May 2013 to October 2018. The relationships between the disease prognosis and age, gender, onset symptoms, size of tumor, degree of calcification, consistency, QST classification, adhesion strength, and pathological types were analyzed.

Results:
There were no significant associations between the prognosis and age, gender, number of onset symptoms, and pathological types (P > 0.05). The severity of onset symptoms, tumor diameter, and degree of calcification was significantly associated with the prognosis (P < 0.05). There were significant different prognoses between patients with cystic and solid, mixed tumors (P < 0.05). The prognosis of patients with T type tumors was different from that of patients with either Q or S type tumors (P < 0.05). The prognoses of patients with either loose or tight type tumors were significantly different from those of patients with either invasive or fusion type tumors (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Clinical and pathological variables, such as onset symptoms, size of tumor, degree of calcification, consistency, QST classification, and the degree of adhesion strength, were important factors in evaluating the prognosis of patients with craniopharyngiomas.
Posterior Fossa Epidural Hydatid Cyst in the Adult
Authors: Kazanci Burak , Soyer Ahmet , Comert Ayhan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Hydatid cyst is an important parasitic disease especially in endemic regions. Hydatid cysts are most commonly found in the liver and lungs and only 1% to 2% of the cysts reach the brain. Intracranial hydatid cysts are usually supratentorial and majority of cases are children and young adults. In this case report, a 55-year-old woman who lives in rural area in Turkey, admitted to our clinic with severe headache, neck pain, gait disturbance, and vomiting. Her neurological examination revealed cerebellar ataxia and left dysmetria. Radiological findings were compatible with hydatid cyst. On the 3rd of antihelmintic therapy, the patient underwent suboccipital craniotomy and epidural cyst was excised using Dowling technique without rupture of the cyst wall. Patient's symptoms improved postoperatively. Although hydatid cyst in posterior fossa is a very rare entity, it should be kept in mind in patients with intracranial cystic lesions who live in endemic regions.
Differential Diagnosis of Negative Pressure Pulmonary Edema During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Karaman Irem , Ozkaya Sevket 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) is a form of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema that typically occurs in response to an upper airway obstruction, where patients generate high negative intrathoracic pressures, leading to a pulmonary edema especially in the postoperative period. Here, we report a case of NPPE following general anesthesia that can easily be misdiagnosed as COVID-19 both radiologically and clinically during this pandemic. Twenty-year-old male was presented with sudden onset respiratory distress, tachypnea, and cyanosis just after the rhinoplasty surgery under general anesthesia. Chest radiography and thoracic computed tomography scans revealed the bilateral patchy alveolar opacities with decreased vascular clarity that looks similar to COVID-19 radiology. Negative pressure pulmonary edema is a sudden onset and life-threatening complication following general anesthesia particularly after head and neck surgery in young healthy individuals. It is a clinical condition that cannot be diagnosed unless it comes to mind. While both NPPE and COVID-19 cause hypoxemia and respiratory distress, as well as ground-glass opacities in the chest computed tomography, those opacities in NPPE appear mostly in central areas, whereas those opacities are mostly seen in peripheral areas in COVID-19. Furthermore, while NPPE cause decreased vascular clarity, COVID-19 causes vascular dilatations in the areas of opacities. Those differences together with medical history of the patient is crucial to differentiate these 2 similar identities. Negative pressure pulmonary edema requires an immediate recognition and intervention, therefore, we would like to raise the awareness of clinicians for such condition to avoid possible mistakes during the pandemic situation.
Pediatric Calvarial Tumors: 10 Years of Clinical Experience and Differences From the Literature
Authors: Sahinoglu Mert , Gundogdu Derya Karaoglu , Karabagli Pinar , Koktekir Ender , Karabagli Hakan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Very few studies have focused exclusively on pediatric calvarial tumors. These studies have primarily addressed the similarities of the cases with those reported in the literature, as opposed to their distinctive features. In contrast, the present study is the most detailed study conducted in the last 10 years that includes only pediatric calvarial tumors and highlights their differences according to the literature. A total of 31 patients with pediatric calvarial tumor surgically treated in our center between 2010 and 2020 were included in the study. The patients’ files were analyzed retrospectively and 17 different preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative parameters were determined and compared with previous studies. Except for the tumors causing lytic or sclerotic lesions, there was at least one distinguishing aspect of our series in all parameters. Despite the many distinctive features, the consensus in the treatment of calvarial tumors is to perform complete resection of the tumor and, if possible, remove some of the adjacent healthy bone. Considering the age factor, however, closure of the resulting bone defects with cranioplasty to address issues of cosmesis and intracranial pressure is yet another aspect of pediatric calvarial tumors, because pediatric cranioplasty has its own specific complications. Using intraoperative neuronavigation and performing tumor resection alone without additional craniectomy are also methods the authors use to prevent major bone defects.
An Experimental Simulation of Heat Effects on Cognition and Workload of Surgical Team Members
Authors: Ward Mary K. , Yam Cheryl M. H. , Palejwala Zehra , Wallman Karen , Taggart Sarah M. , Wood Fiona M. , Parker Sharon K. 
Published: November 2020

Objective:
To isolate heat exposure as a cause of cognitive impairment and increased subjective workload in burns surgical teams.

Summary of Background Data:
Raising ambient temperature of the operating room can improve burns patient outcomes, but risks increased cognitive impairment and workload of surgical team members. Prior research indicates ambient heat exposure depletes physiological and cognitive resources, but these findings have not been studied in the context of burns surgical teams.

Methods:
Seventeen surgical team members completed 2 surgery simulations of similar complexities in a hot and in a normothermic operating room. During each simulation, participants completed multiple cognitive tests to assess cognitive functioning and the SURG-TLX to self-assess workload. Order effects, core body temperature changes due to menstruation, and circadian rhythms were controlled for in the experimental design. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and mixed ANOVAs were performed to assess relationships between ambient heat exposure with cognitive functioning and perceived workload.

Results:
Heat had a main effect on executive functioning and verbal reasoning. Duration of heat exposure (heat ∗ time) increased response times and negatively impacted executive functioning, spatial planning, and mental rotation. Perceived workload was higher in the hot condition.

Conclusions:
We provide causal evidence that over time, heat exposure impairs cognitive speed and accuracy, and increases subjective workload. We recommend building on this study to drive best-practices for acute burns surgery and design work to enable burns teams to maintain their cognitive stamina, lower their workload, and improve outcomes for patients and surgeons.
Hematopoietic mosaic chromosomal alterations and risk for infection among 767,891 individuals without blood cancer
Authors: Zekavat Seyedeh M. , Lin Shu-Hong , Bick Alexander G. , Liu Aoxing , Paruchuri Kaavya , Uddin Md Mesbah , Ye Yixuan , Yu Zhaolong , Liu Xiaoxi , Kamatani Yoichiro , Pirruccello James P. , Pampana Akhil , Loh Po-Ru , Kohli Puja , McCarroll Steven A. , Neale Benjamin , Engels Eric A. , Brown Derek W. , Smoller Jordan W. , Green Robert , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Lebo Matthew , Ellinor Patrick T. , Weiss Scott T. , Daly Mark J. ,   The Biobank Japan Project,   FinnGen Consortium, Terao Chikashi , Zhao Hongyu , Ebert Benjamin L. ,   COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, Ganna Andrea , Machiela Mitchell J. , Genovese Giulio , Natarajan Pradeep 
Published: November 2020

Summary ParagraphAge is the dominant risk factor for infectious diseases, but the mechanisms linking the two are incompletely understood1,2. Age-related mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) detected from blood-derived DNA genotyping, are structural somatic variants associated with aberrant leukocyte cell counts, hematological malignancy, and mortality3-11. Whether mCAs represent independent risk factors for infection is unknown. Here we use genome-wide genotyping of blood DNA to show that mCAs predispose to diverse infectious diseases. We analyzed mCAs from 767,891 individuals without hematological cancer at DNA acquisition across four countries. Expanded mCA (cell fraction >10%) prevalence approached 4% by 60 years of age and was associated with diverse incident infections, including sepsis, pneumonia, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalization. A genome-wide association study of expanded mCAs identified 63 significant loci. Germline genetic alleles associated with expanded mCAs were enriched at transcriptional regulatory sites for immune cells. Our results link mCAs with impaired immunity and predisposition to infections. Furthermore, these findings may also have important implications for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in prioritizing individual preventive strategies and evaluating immunization responses.
Far-red fluorescent genetically encoded calcium ion indicators
Authors: Dalangin Rochelin , Drobizhev Mikhail , Molina Rosana S. , Aggarwal Abhi , Patel Ronak , Abdelfattah Ahmed S. , Zhao Yufeng , Wu Jiahui , Podgorski Kaspar , Schreiter Eric R. , Hughes Thomas E. , Campbell Robert E. , Shen Yi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGenetically encoded calcium ion (Ca2+) indicators (GECIs) are widely-used molecular tools for functional imaging of Ca2+dynamics and neuronal activities on a single cell level. Here we report the design and development of two new far-red fluorescent GECIs, FR-GECO1a and FR-GECO1c, based on the monomeric far-red fluorescent protein mKelly. We characterized these far-red GECIs as purified proteins and assessed their performance when expressed in cultured neurons. FR-GECOs have excitation and emission maxima at ~ 596 nm and ~ 644 nm, respectively, display large responses to Ca2+(ΔF/F0= 6 for FR-GECO1a, 18 for FR-GECO1c), and are bright under both one-photon and two-photon illumination. FR-GECOs also have high affinities (apparentKd= 29 nM for FR-GECO1a, 83 nM for FR-GECO1c) for Ca2+, and they enable sensitive and fast detection of single action potentials in neurons.
Performance of SARS-CoV-2 Serology tests: Are they good enough?
Authors: Piec Isabelle , English Emma , Thomas M Annette , Dervisevic Samir , Fraser William D , John W Garry 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the emergency of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, great efforts were made to quickly provide serology testing to the medical community however, these methods have been introduced into clinical practice without the complete validation usually required by the regulatory organizations.MethodsSARS-CoV-2 patient samples (n=43) were analysed alongside pre-pandemic control specimen (n=50), confirmed respiratory infections (n=50), inflammatory polyarthritis (n=22) and positive for thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (n=30). Imprecision, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and concordance were evaluated on IgG serologic assays from EuroImmun, Epitope Diagnostics (EDI), Abbott Diagnostics and DiaSorin and a rapid IgG/IgM test from Healgen.ResultsEDI and EuroImmun imprecision was 0.02-14.0% CV. Abbott and DiaSorin imprecision (CV) ranged from 5.2% - 8.1% and 8.2% - 9.6% respectively. Diagnostic sensitivity of the assays were 100% (CI: 80-100%) for Abbott, EDI and EuroImmun and 95% (CI: 73-100%) for DiaSorin at ≥14 days post PCR. Only the Abbott assay had a diagnostic specificity of 100% (CI: 91-100%). EuroImmun cross-reacted in 3 non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infections and 2 controls. The DiaSorin displayed more false negative results and cross-reacted in six cases across all conditions tested. EDI had one cross-reactive sample. The Healgen rapid test showed excellent sensitivity and specificity. Overall, concordance of the assays ranged from 76.1% to 97.9%.ConclusionsSerological tests for SARS-CoV-2 showed good analytical performance. The head-to-head analysis of samples revealed differences in results that may be linked to the use of nucleocapsid or spike proteins. The point of care device tested demonstrated adequate performance for antibody detection.
ELIPSE-COL: A novel ELISA test based on rational envisioned synthetic peptides for detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Colombia
Authors: Arévalo Adriana , Franco-Muñoz Carlos , Duque-Beltrán Sofía , Muñoz-Galindo Lyda , Herrera-Sepulveda María , Lozano José Manuel , Salazar Luz Mary , Ospina-Martinez Martha L. , Mercado-Reyes Marcela 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundCOVID-19 pandemic caused by infection with the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the greatest public health defiant on a global scale in the last 100 years. Governments and health Institutes face challenges during the pandemic, related to the diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, and timely detection after the epidemic peak for the prevention of new infections and the evaluation of the real impact of the COVID-19 disease in different geographic areas. To develop a valuable tool to study the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Colombia, an “in-house” ELISA was achieved for the detection of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum.MethodsThe test was standardized using an antigenic epitope “Pool” of the synthetic peptide as antigen derived from antigenic regions of the spike, nucleocapsid, envelope, and membrane structural proteins, which were designed, based on the genomic information of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in Colombia. In the ELISA standardization process, 94 positive sera were used, including sera from asymptomatic and symptomatic patients (mild and severe) and 123 negative sera, including pre-pandemic historical negatives originating from patients living in arbovirus endemic areas or patients with a history of respiratory diseases and sera from patients with a negative rRT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2.ResultsThe in-house peptide ELIPSE-COL test showed promising performance, being able to detect reactivity in sera from asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 91.4% and 83.7% respectively.ConclusionELIPSE-COL assay was developed as an ELISA test using synthetic peptides for the study of the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Colombia.SUMMARY BOXDetection of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is required for the evaluation of the pandemic impact and vaccination strategies.ELIPSE-COL is an in-house test based on synthetic peptides as antigen derived from antigenic regions of the spike, nucleocapsid, envelope, and membrane structural proteins.The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 91.4% and 83.7% respectively suggesting a promising performance.ELIPSE-COL test is a valuable tool for the study of seroprevalence in Colombia.