bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Pathways to Healthy Ageing (PHA): A Conceptual Ecosystem
Authors: Vindigni Dein , Jones Sandra 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Ageing is commonly accompanied by an associated increase in the prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal, metabolic and mental health conditions that affects physical capacity and overall decline in quality of life. To date, most health interventions have been monodisciplinary and monomodal, with a relatively narrow focus and loci of impact. What is now being advocated is more interdisciplinary health promotion measures for the attainment of healthy ageing. This paper reports on an empirical intervention designed to integrate chiropractic and osteopathic services with medical and physiotherapy services in an Australian Residential Aged Care facility. It replaces the traditional cause-effect linear focus with a conceptual ecosystem and identifies an action framework to underpin the design of effective actions to facilitate Integrated Pathways to Healthy Ageing. Methods A qualitative multi-method research approach was chosen that included a case study of a real-time intervention, utilising a modified action research methodology combined with interpretive data analysis. This enabled the experience of change to be planned and actioned while, at the same time, being observed and reflected by a project team established for this purpose. The interpretive analysis by the project team members was based on a conceptual ecosystem based on six tenets of a distributed leadership, collaborative and participative, leadership approach. Results The findings confirmed the applicability of the six tenets of the conceptual ecosystem for an integrated approach to aged health care. This led to the formulation of a holistic approach termed a Conceptual Ecosystem of Integrated Pathways to Healthy Ageing together with a conceptual Ecosystem Action Framework.Conclusions The paper concludes that the conceptual Ecosystem can be used to effectively integrate chiropractic and osteopathic services with medical and physiotherapy services to action more holistic, synergistic Integrated Pathways to Healthy Ageing. While further research is required, the authors propose that the conceptual ecosystem and associated action framework can form the basis of actions needed to develop more collaborative approaches to integrate a greater range of health services into multi-disciplinary, multi modal pathways to healthy ageing.
A Longitudinal Survey of Postgraduate Residency Hospital Type and Career Paths in Japan (1996–2016)
Authors: Ishikawa Masatoshi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Postgraduate clinical training—a two-year residency program after graduation—became compulsory in Japan in 2004, prompting a shift in residency site preference for new graduates from university to non-university hospitals. Methods: Starting from the hypothesis that shortages of residents at university hospitals continue to be a problem in Japan, a longitudinal study was conducted based on secondary data collected from a biannual national physician survey. The career paths for physicians by residency hospital type were analyzed. The attributes of two physician cohorts were examined a decade after their registration, in 1996 and 2004 respectively, to understand how having carried out their residency at university or non-university hospitals affected their careers.Results: Around 40% of residents were training at university hospitals in their first year of registration at the time of the 2004 reform. In contrast, physicians working at university hospitals in their third year of registration rose to around 40%. Physicians who had not worked at university hospitals during their first ten years increased from 12% in 2004 to 18% in 2014.Conclusions: Since the introduction of mandatory postgraduate clinical training, residents’ career paths have changed based on the type of hospital where they attended residency. Resident shortages at university hospitals remain a challenge in Japan.
Development and usability of educational material about workplace particulate matter exposure
Authors: Stege Thomas , Bolte John F. B. , Claassen Liesbeth , Timmermans Danielle R. M. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background. Particulate matter (PM) exposure is an important health risk, both in daily life and in the workplace. It causes respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and results in 800,000 premature deaths per year worldwide. In earlier research, we assessed workers’ information needs regarding workplace PM exposure, the properties and effects of PM, and the rationale behind various means of protection. We also concluded that workers do not always receive appropriate risk communication tools with regards to PM, and that their PM knowledge appears to be fragmented and incomplete. Methods. We considered several concepts for use as an educational material based on evaluation criteria: ease of use, costs, appropriateness for target audiences and goals, interactivity, implementation issues, novelty, and speed. We decided to develop an educational folder, which can be used to inform employees about the properties, effects and prevention methods concerning PM. Furthermore, we decided on a test setup of a more interactive way of visualisation of exposure to PM by means of exposimeters. For the development of the folder, we based the information needs on our earlier mental models-based research. We adjusted the folder based on the results of ten semi-structured interviews evaluating its usability. Results. The semi-structured interviews yielded commentaries and suggestions for further improvement, which resulted in a number of alterations to the folder. However, in most cases the folder was deemed satisfactory. Conclusion. Based on this study, the folder we developed is suitable for a larger-scale experiment and a practical test. Further research is needed to investigate the efficacy of the folder and the application of the exposimeter in a PM risk communication system.
Energy-Optimal Braking Control Using a Double-Layer Scheme for Trajectory Planning and Tracking of Connected Electric Vehicles
Authors: Dong Hao-xuan , Zhuang Wei-chao , Yin Guo-dong , Xu Li-wei , Wang Yan , Wang Fa-an , Lu Yan-bo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
To improve the energy efficiency of electric vehicles (EVs), this paper presents an energy-optimal braking strategy (EOBS) considering shared braking intention. First, a double-layer control scheme is formulated. In the upper-layer, an energy-optimal braking problem with braking intention is formulated and solved by distance-based dynamic programming, which could derive the energy-optimal braking trajectory. In the lower-layer, a linear time-varying model predictive (LTV-MPC) controller is designed to track the desired trajectory while ensuring braking comfort and safety. Second, several simulations are conducted to demonstrate the regeneration energy efficiency improvement of proposed EOBS. Finally, the energy-optimal braking mechanism of EVs is investigated based on the analysis of braking deceleration, battery charging power, and motor efficiency.
Risk assessment to curb COVID-19 contagion: A preliminary study using remote sensing and GIS
Authors: Kanga Shruti , Meraj Gowhar , Sudhanshu  , Farooq Majid , Nathawat M. S. , Singh Suraj Kumar 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Globally, COVID-19 pandemic has become a threat to humans and to the socio-economic systems they have developed since the industrial revolution. Hence, governments and stakeholders are calling for strategies that could help to restore the normalcy while dealing with this pandemic effectively. Since, till now, the disease is yet to have a cure; therefore, only risk-based decision-making can help governments to achieve a solution that is sustainable in the long term. To help the decision-makers to explore viable actions, we here propose a risk assessment framework for analyzing COVID-19 risk to areas, using integrated hazard and vulnerability components associated with this pandemic for effective risk mitigation. The study is carried on a region administrated by Jaipur municipal corporation (JMC), India. Based on the current understanding of this disease, we hypothesized different COVID-19 risk indices (C19Ri) of the wards of JMC such as proximity to hotspots, total population, population density, availability of clean water and associated land use/ land cover, are related with COVID-19 contagion and calculated them in a GIS-based multi-criteria risk reduction method. The results showed disparateness in COVID-19 risk areas with higher risk in north-eastern and south-eastern zone wards within the boundary of JMC. We proposed to prioritize wards that are under higher risk zones for intelligent decision-making regarding COVID-19 risk reduction through appropriate management of resources-related policy consequences. This study aims to serve as a baseline study to be replicated in other parts of the country or world to eradicate the threat of COVID-19 effectively.
Repositioning Therapeutics for COVID-19: Virtual Screening of the Potent Synthetic and Natural Compounds as SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro Inhibitors
Authors: Sattari Ahmad , Ramazani Ali , Aghahosseini Hamideh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Today, finding potential therapeutics for COVID-19 caused by the widespread transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has become a global challenge. Molecular docking investigation of the therapeutic potential of marketed drugs is a fast and cost effective approach to provide a solution to this problem. In this study, docking simulations performed on the reported structure of the virus main protease, 3CLpro, to identify potential inhibitors. Accordingly, a database of 50 synthetic compounds including approved drugs and those undergoing clinical trials, and 40 natural compounds particularly those employed in traditional Iranian medicine was constructed. The results indicated that the anti-inflammatory drugs, Licofelone acyl glucuronide and delta-bilirubin, and natural compounds such as kappa-carrageenan conformer and beta-D-galactopyranosyl with minimal side-effects, according to in-vitro studies, are good candidates to block the enzymatic activity of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. Moreover, the compound 1 could be a potential drug candidate for COVID-19 due to its favorable interactions with the 3CLpro.
Deciphering the Transcriptional Changes in Escherichia Coli Strains C41(DE3) and C43(DE3) That Makes Them A Superior Choice for Membrane Protein Production.
Authors: Webb Chaille Teresa , Lithgow Trevor 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The overproduction of membrane proteins for functional and structural protein analysis remains a bottleneck in the continuing quest for understanding biological systems. For recombinant membrane proteins, the Walker strains C41(DE3) and C43(DE3) are a valuable tool because they are capable of producing levels of functional protein that would otherwise be toxic to the cell. At the genome level, amongst only a handful of genetic changes, mutations in the lac UV5 promoter region upstream from the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase gene distinguish these strains from BL21(DE3) but do not inform on how the strains have adapted for superior production of recombinant membrane proteins. Results: Comparative transcriptomic analyses revealed a moderate change in gene expression in C41(DE3) and C43(DE3) compared to their parent strain BL21(DE3) under standard growth conditions. However, under the conditions used for membrane protein production (with plasmid carriage and addition of IPTG), the differential response of C41(DE3) and C43(DE3) compared to their parent strain BL21(DE3) was striking. Over 2000 genes were differentially expressed in C41(DE3) with a two-fold change and false discover rate < 0.01 and 1700 genes differentially expressed in C43(DE3) compared to their parent strain BL21(DE3). Conclusion : These results illuminate the cellular adaptations occurring in the Walker strains to alleviate the toxic effects that can occur during membrane protein production whilst providing changes in metabolism pathways required for membrane protein biogenesis. The BL21(DE3) derivatives strains C41(DE3) and C43(DE3), are adept to the process of membrane biogenesis in E. coli , making them superior to their parent strain for the expression of membrane proteins and potentially other toxic proteins.
Bidirectional Association between Tooth Loss and Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Nan , Xu Ke , Gong Chao , Xu Xizhen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: To investigate the bidirectional association between tooth loss and hypertensionMethods: PubMed, EMBASE, OVID were searched through May, 2020. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies reporting the association between tooth loss and hypertension were included. We quantitatively analyzed the basic framework and study characteristics, and then pooled estimate effects with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of outcomes of each included studies using random-effects meta-analysis.Results: This systematic review included sixteen studies involving about 188,000 participants. Quantitatively summarized results suggested, compared to individuals who have lost fewer than ten teeth, there was no significantly difference in the incidence of hypertension among participants who lost more than ten teeth (OR: 1.09, 95%CI: 0.93,1.28). Besides, there is no significant difference of incident hypertension between individuals who ever lost teeth and never lost teeth (OR:1.03, 95% CI: 0.85,1.25). There was a significant association between hypertension and incidence of tooth loss (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.04,1.70). Subgroup analysis by study design, age, gender ratio and religion showed statistically significant association between hypertension and incidence of tooth loss in specific subgroups.Conclusions: This meta-analysis identified hypertension as a significantly risk factor of tooth loss while tooth loss was not an efficient predictor for incident hypertension. Considering the limited number of available researches and drawback of cross-sectional studies, more high-quality prospective studies of large sample sizes are needed to understand details of this bidirectional association. Since both tooth loss and hypertension are worldwide problems, our study provides new and comprehensive evidence for the prevention in oral complication of hypertensive patients.
Exploration in the mechanism of fucosterol for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
Authors: Li Xiaoling , Lin Baixin , Lin Zhiping , Wang Qu , Zheng Yushi , Cui Liao , Luo Hui , Luo Lianxiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background It has been demonstrated that fucosterol induces a therapeutic effect on cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of fucosterol in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer are still unclear.Methods In this study, pharmMapper and GeneCards databases were utilized to gather the prediction of fucosterol targets and NSCLC-related targets. The mechanisms of fucosterol against NSCLC were identified in DAVID6.8 by enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG, and protein-protein interaction data was obtained from Sting Database. Molecular docking was used to predict the docking of GRB2. Moreover, the relationship of GRB2 expression and immune infiltrates was analyzed by TIMER database.Results The results suggest that fucosterol acts against by candidate targets, such as MAPK1, EGFR, GRB2, IGF2, MAPK8 and SRC, which regulate biological processes including negative regulation of apoptotic process, peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation, positive regulation of cell proliferation. The Raf / MEK / ERK signaling pathway initiated by GRB2 maybe the most significant pathway for fucosterol to treat NSCLC.Conclusions These results show that GRB2 is the key target for fucosterol in the treatment of NSCLC, which laying a theoretical foundation for further research and providing scientific support for the development of new drugs.
A parametric study of crack propagation in paintings caused by temperature and relative humidity cycles based on irreversible cohesive zone model
Authors: Jamalabadi Mohammad Yaghoub Abdollahzadeh 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The current paper aims to use an irreversible cohesive zone model to investigate the effects of temperature and relative humidity cycles on multilayer thin-film paintings crack pattern. The homogenous one-dimensional paint layers composed of alkyd and acrylic gesso over a canvas foundation (support) with known constant thicknesses are considered as the mechanical model of painting. Experimental data used for mathematical modeling of canvas as a linear elastic material and paint as a viscoelastic material with the Prony series. Fatigue damage parameters such as crack initiation time and maximum loads are calculated by an irreversible cohesive zone model used to control the interface separation. With the increase of the painting thickness and/or the initial crack length, the value of the maximum force increases. Moreover, by increasing the relative humidity (RH) and the temperature difference at loading by one cycle per day, the values of initiation time of delamination decrease. It is shown that the thickness of painting layers is the most important parameter in crack initiation times and crack growth rate in historical paintings in museums and conservation settings.
A novel deep learning-based quantification of serial chest computed tomography in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Pan Feng , Li Lin , Liu Bo , Ye Tianhe , Li Lingli , Liu Dehan , Ding Zezhen , Chen Guangfeng , Liang Bo , Yang Lian , Zheng Chuansheng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to explore and compare a novel deep learning-based quantification with the conventional semi-quantitative computed tomography (CT) scoring for the serial chest CT scans of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: 95 patients with confirmed COVID-19 and a total of 465 serial chest CT scans were involved, including 61 moderate patients (moderate group, 319 chest CT scans) and 34 severe patients (severe group, 146 chest CT scans). Conventional CT scoring and deep learning-based quantification were performed for all chest CT scans for two study goals: 1. Correlation between these two estimations; 2. Exploring the dynamic patterns using these two estimations between moderate and severe groups.Results: The Spearman’s correlation coefficient between these two estimation methods was 0.920 (p<0.001). predicted pulmonary involvement (CT score and percent of pulmonary lesions calculated using deep learning-based quantification) increased more rapidly and reached a higher peak on 23rd days from symptom onset in severe group, which reached a peak on 18th days in moderate group with faster absorption of the lesions. Conclusions: The deep learning-based quantification for COVID-19 showed a good correlation with the conventional CT scoring and demonstrated a potential benefit in the estimation of disease severities of COVID-19.
Purification and characterization of an endogenous cellulase from the digestive system of grub of banana pseudostem weevil Odoiporus longicollis (Olivier)
Authors: Bhuvaragavan Sreeramulu , Reshma Thenozhiyil , Hilda Karuppiah , Balaji Ravichandran , Meenakumari Mani , Mathivanan Narayanasamy , Janarthanan Sundaram 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Insects have evolved with effectual strategies to utilise cellulose substrates for the energy source and can be used as an optimal resource in the field of bioenergy sector and insect-pest management by finding the novel cellulolytic enzymes from it. The present study was aimed at evaluating the endogenous cellulolytic system in the larval gut of banana pseudostem weevil Odoiporus longicollis. Initially, the cellulase activity was localized in the gut system in which the midgut showed highest activity of 2858 U min-1mg-1. The optimum temperature and thermal stability were found to be 60°C at the highest activity of 2712 U min-1mg-1. The enzyme was stable at a pH from 5 to 6. The effect of various divalent cations tested on the cellulase activity showed a differential enhancing and inhibitory activity upon varying concentrations. Purification of cellulase was carried out using anion exchange chromatography with the DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B matrix which was chosen according to the results of the batch assay. The total and specific activity of purified cellulase was 1166 U min-1mg-1 and 1190.46 U min-1mg-1, respectively, with 41.66 % recovery of activity. The molecular weight of the purified cellulase was determined as 47 kDa. The optimum temperature for the purified enzyme was 60°C with an activity of 1130 U min-1mg-1. The purified fraction had the highest activity between pH 5 and 6. Kinetic parameters of the purified cellulase enzyme were determined in which Km and Vmax values were 1.03 mg/ml and 343 U min-1mg-1, respectively. Mass spectrometry result identified the homology towards endoglucanase sequence belonging to the GHF5 family. The gut microbial cellulase activity showed no competence comparatively.
Seed Set Patterns in East African Cooking Bananas are Asymmetric in Bunches and Fruits
Authors: Waniale Allan , Mukasa Settumba B. , Tugume Arthur K. , Tumuhimbise Robooni , Kubiriba Jerome , Tushemereirwe Wilberforce K. , Batte Michael , Brown Allan , Swennen Rony 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Low female fertility in bananas is the biggest hurdle for banana breeding. The aim of this study was to determine seed set patterns in East African cooking bananas EACBs to inform future decisions on a more targeted approach of increasing seed set and subsequently banana breeding efficiency. Matooke (AAA) and Mchare (AA) bananas are genetically distinct but belong to the same genetic complex, they referred to as EACBs. Seed set patterns in ‘Enzirabahima’ (AAA), ‘Mshale’ (AA) and ‘Nshonowa’ (AA) all with residual fertility were examined after hand pollination with a highly male fertile wild banana ‘Calcutta 4’ (AA). Results: Seed set in ‘Enzirabahima’ is predominant in distal hands. Mchare cultivars have a slightly more even distribution of seeds in their hands compared to ‘Enzirabahima.’ There is a gradual increase in seed set from proximal to distal hands with a slight drop in the last hand. This pattern is more definite in ‘Enzirabahima’ and ‘Mshale’ while ‘Nshonowa’ has a somewhat inconsistent pattern. There is also a drop in seed set per 100 fruits per hand from small to larger bunches. However, larger bunches have a higher pollination success compared to smaller bunches. They therefor set more seed on 100 fruits per hand and per bunch basis if bunches without seed are accounted for. Pollination success rate increases from smaller to larger bunches of EACBs. Seed set is biased toward the distal third part of fruits of examined EACBs as well tetraploid Matooke hybrid ‘401K-1’ (AAAA) and improved diploid ‘Zebrina’ GF (AA) that were used for comparison. In comparison, in the highly female fertile ‘Calcutta 4,’ seed set is along the entire length of the fruit.Conclusion: Seed set bias in the distal hands and distal end of fruits suggests a systematic mechanism rather than a random occurrence. It is expected that this information will provide a foundation for increased crossbreeding efficiency in bananas.