bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Calpains in Skeletal Muscle Remodeling with Exercise and Inactivity-induced Atrophy
Authors: Hyatt Hayden W. , Powers Scott K. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCalpains are cysteine proteases expressed in skeletal muscle fibers and other cells. Although calpain was first reported to act as a kinase activating factor in skeletal muscle, the consensus is now that calpains play a canonical role in protein turnover. However, recent evidence reveals new and exciting roles for calpains in skeletal muscle. This review will discuss the functions of calpains in skeletal muscle remodeling in response to both exercise and inactivity-induced muscle atrophy. Calpains participate in protein turnover and muscle remodeling by selectively cleaving target proteins and creating fragmented proteins that can be further degraded by other proteolytic systems. Nonetheless, an often overlooked function of calpains is that calpain-mediated cleavage of proteins can result in fragmented proteins that are biologically active and have the potential to actively influence cell signaling. In this manner, calpains function beyond their roles in protein turnover and influence downstream signaling effects. This review will highlight both the canonical and noncanonical roles that calpains play in skeletal muscle remodeling including sarcomere transformation, membrane repair, triad junction formation, regulation of excitation-contraction coupling, protein turnover, cell signaling, and mitochondrial function. We conclude with a discussion of key unanswered questions regarding the roles that calpains play in skeletal muscle.
The Effect of Dihydromyricetin, a Natural Flavonoid, on
Morphine-induced Conditioned Place Preference and Physical Dependence in
Mice
Authors: Etemad Leila , Farkhari Hadi , Alavi Mohaddeseh Sadat , Roohbakhsh Ali 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective Dihydromyricetin (DHM), a natural flavonoid, is used to reduce
alcohol hangover. It has a modulatory role on GABAA receptors with significant
effects on seizure and anxiety in animal models. We aimed to evaluate the effect
of DHM on morphine conditioned place preference (CPP) and withdrawal sings
following morphine dependence using animal models.
Methods The effect of DHM (1, 2 and 5 mg/kg,
intraperitoneal; ip) on the acquisition and expression of morphine-induced CPP
was evaluated in male mice. Administration of morphine for three consecutive
days induced physical dependence. The withdrawal signs such as jumping and
defecation were precipitated by administration of naloxone
(8 mg/kg, ip). The effect of DHM on the development of physical
dependence was assessed by injection of DHM before morphine administrations.
Results DHM, at the dose of 5 mg/kg, reduced expression
of morphine CPP with an increase in the locomotor activity. DHM, at the doses of
2 and 5 mg/kg, also reduced development of morphine CPP. DHM
alleviated development of morphine-induced physical dependence at the dose of 1,
2, and 5 mg/kg by decreasing jumping and defecation.
Conclusion These results indicated that DHM decreased acquisition and
expression of morphine CPP and inhibited development of morphine-induced
physical dependence.
Manguito capturado: Um fator de mau prognóstico no reparo do manguito rotador
Authors: de França Flavio Oliveira , Freitas José Márcio Alves , Medeiros Ricardo Palombini , de Queiroga Romero Ruan Cartaxo , Nunes Tiago Prause , Godinho Glaydson Gomes 
Published: July 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Descrever uma nova apresentação de ruptura e rerruptura do manguito rotador (MR), a qual denominamos manguito capturado (MC). Objetivamos também avaliá-la clinicamente e por meio de imagens.
Métodos Foram avaliados retrospectivamente 16 pacientes com diagnóstico intraoperatório de MC no período de março de 2005 a setembro de 2017; por meio de exames de imagem (radiografia e ressonância magnética [RM]) e escores funcionais (UCLA e Constant & Murley). Nas imagens, analisamos a evolução para artropatia do manguito rotador e presença de rerrupturas. Funcionalmente, comparamos o lado afetado com o contralateral e as lesões extensas com nãoextensas.
Resultados Cinco (31,25%) pacientes evoluíram com artropatia do manguito rotador e 10 (62,5%) tiveram rerrupturas. Três (75%) pacientes com lesões não extensas tiveram UCLA e Constant & Murley bons/excelentes. Nos pacientes com lesões extensas, quando avaliado Constant & Murley, 6 (50%) apresentaram resultados bons/excelentes, e no escore UCLA, 7 (58,3%). Comparando o lado acometido (Constant 74,72 pontos; UCLA 20 pontos) com o contralateral (Constant 96,96 pontos; UCLA 25,63 pontos), houve pior resultado funcional com significância estatística.
Conclusão O diagnóstico de MC é suspeitado por achados característicos na RM e confirmado na artroscopia. Os ombros acometidos apresentam piores escores funcionais pós-operatórios.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Crataegus oxyacantha in Dogs with Early-Stage Heart Failure
Authors: Balbueno Melina Castilho de Souza , Peixoto Kleber da Cunha , Coelho Cidéli de Paula 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common cardiopathy in middle-aged dogs. When the dog is asymptomatic and has an enlarged left atrium, treatment is beneficial; however, some allopathic drugs are very costly and may produce side effects. To extend the duration of this asymptomatic phase, complementary therapies such as herbal medicine and homeopathy are available. Although herbal therapy with extract of Crataegus oxyacantha is beneficial, there is a risk of adverse reactions—unlike with homeopathy, where the risk is minimized with the administration of ultra-diluted doses.
Objective This study evaluated the efficacy of Crataegus oxyacantha, as mother tincture (MT) and in 6 cH homeopathic formulation, in treating the initial phase of heart failure due to MMVD in a veterinary clinic setting.
Methods A total of 30 dogs with MMVD, 7 years or older and weighing up to 10 kg, were randomized into three groups as follows: Crataegus 6 cH, Crataegus MT, and hydroalcoholic solution (placebo). Animals were evaluated through echocardiography parameters, laboratory blood tests, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after initiation of therapy, for statistical analysis and monitoring of the blinded study.
Results Patients who received Crataegus 6 cH showed a reduction in SBP 60 days after treatment, while those receiving Crataegus MT exhibited a reduction 90 days after the therapy was initiated. There was a significant linear regression when evaluating the effect of treatment with Crataegus 6 cH on SBP measurements over the evaluation intervals (linear equation: SBP = 176.57 mm Hg – 0.21x, where x represents days of treatment). There was an increase in both fractional shortening and isovolumetric relaxation time for those patients receiving the homeopathic formulation.
Conclusions Therapy with Crataegus was beneficial for hypertensive and cardiopathic dogs with MMVD, extending the duration of the asymptomatic phase. The reduction in SBP occurred more swiftly in the 6 cH group than in the MT-treated dogs.
Comparison of Effectiveness between Anticoagulation and Thrombolysis Therapy for Pulmonary Embolism in Patients Complicated with Shock: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Lee Jen-Kuang , Chen Wen-Hsin , Lin Yu-Sheng , Chang Chih-Hsiang , Chen Tien-Hsing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to compare the efficacy of anticoagulation therapy and thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients complicated with shock.
Methods This retrospective cohort study used administrative data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients admitted due to PE who received inotropic support between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2011, were included. To closely mimic a randomized experiment, anticoagulation and thrombolysis plus anticoagulation groups were subjected to propensity score matching (PSM) according to demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and inotropic agent dosage. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcome was 3-month mortality after discharge.
Results After PSM, a total of 820 patients, including 164 thrombolysis and 656 anticoagulation patients, were enrolled. The in-hospital mortality was 48.2% in the thrombolysis group and 52.4% in the anticoagulation group (odds ratio [OR] 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–1.18). Major bleeding occurred in 19 (11.6%) of the thrombolysis patients and 57 (8.7%) of the anticoagulation patients (OR 1.37, 95% CI, 0.79–2.38). The 90-day mortality rates in the thrombolysis and anticoagulation groups were 15.3% (13 patients) and 17.6% (55 patients), respectively; this difference was not significant (hazard ratio 0.88, 95% CI 0.48–1.61).
Conclusion In PE patients complicated with shock, anticoagulation therapy provides similar treatment efficacy to thrombolytic therapy in terms of in-hospital and 90-day mortality. The bleeding risk was also similar in the two treatment groups.
von Willebrand Factor Predicts Mortality in ACS Patients Treated with Potent P2Y12 Antagonists and is Inhibited by Aptamer BT200 Ex Vivo
Authors: Kovacevic Katarina D. , Jilma Bernd , Zhu Shuhao , Gilbert James C. , Winter Max-Paul , Toma Aurel , Hengstenberg Christian , Lang Irene , Kubica Jacek , Siller-Matula Jolanta M. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background von Willebrand factor (VWF) is crucial for arterial thrombosis and its plasma levels are increased in acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). The effects of conventional platelet inhibitors are compromised by elevated VWF under high shear rates. BT200 is a third-generation aptamer that binds and inhibits the A1 domain of human VWF. This article aims to study whether VWF is a predictor of mortality in ACS patients under potent P2Y12 blocker therapy and to examine the effects of a VWF inhibiting aptamer BT200 and its concentrations required to inhibit VWF in plasma samples of patients with ACS.
Methods VWF activity was measured in 320 patients with ACS, and concentration effect curves of BT200 were established in plasma pools containing different VWF concentrations.
Results Median VWF activity in patients was 170% (interquartile range % confidence interval [CI]: 85–255) and 44% of patients had elevated (> 180%) VWF activity. Plasma levels of VWF activity predicted 1-year (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.14–6.31; p < 0.024) and long-term (HR: 2.59; 95% CI: 1.10–6.09) mortality despite treatment with potent platelet inhibitors (dual-antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and prasugrel or ticagrelor). Although half-maximal concentrations were 0.1 to 0.2 µg/mL irrespective of baseline VWF levels, increasing concentrations (0.42–2.13 µg/mL) of BT200 were needed to lower VWF activity to < 20% of normal in plasma pools containing increasing VWF activity (p < 0.001).
Conclusion VWF is a predictor of all-cause mortality in ACS patients under contemporary potent P2Y12 inhibitor therapy. BT200 effectively inhibited VWF activity in a target concentration-dependent manner.
Trading Options and the Unattainable Dream: Some Reflections on Semiotic Ideologies
Authors: Souleles Daniel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOver the last few decades there has been a miniature industrial revolution in the buying and selling of securities on capital and derivatives markets. Whereas most trading once happened in open outcry pits or over the phone, trading now occurs primarly via electronic limit order books. Whereas once traders could have little education and find work as a consequence of membership in a local insular network, new financial hires are now the most talented graduates of PhD and master’s programs in the hard sciences and mathematics. Even though these circumstances are well attested, knowing is not enough for some to become this new kind of trader. I suggest that the theory of semiotic ideologies—that is, what grounding assumptions people bring to the process of interpreting signs—can be used to illustrate boundary cases of social change in which people are simply unable to learn enough to adapt to new circumstances in their lives. I will show that even though traders can adopt the appropriate semiotic ideology of markets that their times demand, some of them will never be skilled enough to fully participate. This, in turn, has to do with the nature of change in a capitalist economic system.
The Epistemic and Performative Dynamics of Machine Learning Praxis
Authors: Kockelman Paul 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article is about machine learning as it relates to classic concerns in anthropology and the social sciences, regarding meaning, value, and culture, as well as agency, power and performativity. It focuses on the role of machine learning, with its peculiar manner of modeling phenomena, in mediating: (i) the sensibilities and assumptions agents have (qua interpretive grounds and algorithmic models) insofar as these mediate their actions, inferences, and affects; and (ii) the actions, inferences, and affects of agents (qua computational processes and interpretive practices) insofar as these drive their sensibilities and assumptions. More generally, it offers a model of the process of modeling per se, so far as this process unfolds in contexts of machine learning and beyond. In this respect, the metamodel offered is meant to capture some of the key dynamics of the tense and mutually transformative relations linking objects (of analysis), data (drawn from those objects), models (of such objects, as informed by such data), and actions (grounded in such models, and often transformative of such objects). It foregrounds the wily, epistemic, performative, and often violent dynamics of such processes when the objects being modeled are themselves agents capable of modeling.
Polarization control in a crossed undulator without a monochromator
Authors: Kaneyasu Tatsuo , Hikosaka Yasumasa , Fujimoto Masaki , Iwayama Hiroshi , Katoh Masahiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In this study, it was demonstrated that the polarization control of light from a crossed undulator can be achieved using material response, without any prior monochromatization. Nonmonochromatized horizontally and vertically polarized radiation emitted from two undulators is irradiated to He atoms, and Rydberg states in the extreme ultraviolet region are excited resonantly. The polarization of the photoexcitation is adjustable in a controlled manner by tuning the electron beam orbit between the two undulators, which is verified by observing Zeeman quantum beats in the fluorescence decays of the He Rydberg states.
ECCD-induced sawtooth crashes at W7-X
Authors: Zanini M. , Laqua H.P. , Thomsen H. , Stange T. , Brandt C. , Braune H. , Brunner K.J. , Fuchert G. , Hirsch M. , Knauer J. , Höfel U. , Marsen S. , Pasch E. , Rahbarnia K. , Schilling J. , Turkin Y. , Wolf R.C. , Zocco A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The optimised superconducting stellarator W7-X generates its rotational transform by means of external coils, therefore no toroidal current is necessary for plasma confinement. Electron cyclotron current drive experiments were conducted for strikeline control and safe divertor operation. During current drive experiments periodic and repetitive crashes of the central electron temperature, similar to sawtooth crashes in tokamaks, were detected. Measurements from soft x-ray tomography and electron cyclotron emission show that the crashes are preceded by weak oscillating precursors and a displacement of the plasma core, consistent with a (m, n) = (1, 1) mode. The displacement occurs within

100

μ

s

, followed by expulsion and redistribution of the core into the external part of the plasma. Two types of crashes, with different frequencies and amplitudes are detected in the experimental program. For these non-stationary parameters a strong dependence on the toroidal current is found. A 1-D heuristic model for current diffusion is proposed as a first step to explain the characteristic crash time. Initial results show that the modelled current diffusion timescale is consistent with the initial crash frequency and that the toroidal current rise shifts the position where the instability is triggered, resulting in larger crash amplitudes.
Stabilization of energetic-ion driven toroidal Alfvén eigenmode by energetic electrons in tokamak plasmas
Authors: Wang Jialei , Todo Yasushi , Wang Hao , Wang Zheng-Xiong , Idouakass Malik 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Energetic electron effects on an energetic-ion driven toroidal Alfvén eigenmode (TAE) are investigated via hybrid simulations of an MHD fluid interacting with energetic particles. Both energetic electrons and energetic ions described by drift-kinetic equations are included in the present work. It is found that the TAE can be effectively stabilized by off-axis peaked energetic electrons which are located near the mode center, while the centrally peaked energetic electrons fail to stabilize the mode. It is confirmed that the spatially localized pressure profile of energetic electrons causes the stabilization of TAE. The stabilized TAE has a more localized mode structure accompanied by a significant reduction in the energetic ion driving rate. The small change of mode frequency and dissipation rate indicate the stabilization mechanism is different from the so-called pressure gradient stabilization that drives the TAE into continuum. The results suggest that the strong plasma non-uniformity induced by the energetic electron beta profile may be responsible for the change of mode structure. It is also found that this stabilizing effect is more effective for a high-n TAE. Moreover, it is numerically verified that the positive (negative) pressure gradient at the TAE center will increase (decrease) the mode frequency. The wave-particle interactions are also analysed for a case with energetic electrons peaked at the inner side of the TAE center. It is found that the power transfer to a resonant barely trapped energetic electron, which taps energy from the wave, can be comparable to the power transfer from a resonant energetic ion. This suggests that if a sufficient number of resonant barely trapped electrons are present, they might stabilize energetic-ion driven TAE through the wave-particle interaction.
Research on Android Ransomware Protection Technology
Authors: Hu Jian Wei , Zhang Yu , Cui Yan Peng 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
With the popularity of smart devices such as smartphones and pads, the attack of Android ransomware is becoming increasingly serious. Compared with other malicious software, ransomware is widely favoured by hackers because of hard restoration and the directness of obtaining benefits, which also brings serious spiritual and property damage to users. To protect our smart devices from ransomware and reduce threats and losses, researchers conduct a lot of research on Android ransomware and propose many practical detection schemes. This paper first summarizes the characteristics of Android ransomware, and then summarizes the existing research work on detecting and safeguarding against ransomware on the Android platform and makes a comprehensive analysis and comparison on them. Finally, it points out that the remaining problems of these solutions, puts forward corresponding suggestions and proposes future research directions.
Research on Effectiveness Evaluation Method of Product Quality Improvement Plan Based on Actor Analysis Method
Authors: Qian Wu , Chaowei Wang , Fei Pei , Yingcheng Xu , Xiaowei Lu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper divides the effectiveness evaluation index of product quality improvement programs into objective and quantifiable cost-based index such as equipment modification cost, personnel training cost, process upgrading cost, and other costs which is subjective unquantifiable index such as production level, quality and safety level, sales volume, and customer satisfaction. By introducing actor analysis method, the effectiveness evaluation model of product quality improvement plan based on actor analysis method is established. A toy manufacturer is used as an example in applying and analyzing the model and comprehensively evaluating the effectiveness of each proposed plan to verify the operability of the model. The method is scientific and reasonable, simple and easy to operate, can be widely spread in relevant enterprises, and can provide effective method guidance for enterprises in selecting the optimal plan and avoiding unnecessary losses.
RETRACTED: Studies on Data Quality Evaluation Index System for Internet Plus Government Services in Big Data Era
Authors: Ya Li , Heliang Song , Yingcheng Xu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This paper studies and analyzes the related theories of data quality and data quality of Internet plus Government Services in big data era, summarizes and references the data quality evaluation indexes at home and abroad, puts forward the primary and secondary indexes suitable for evaluating the data quality of Internet plus Government Service in big data era in China, and constructs a scientific, systematic, developmental and operable data quality evaluation index system. The index system determines, according to the characteristics of big data, 5 primary data quality evaluation indexes (inherent quality of data, quality of data expression, situation quality related to the system, utility quality of data, and user experience quality of data) and 10 secondary data quality evaluation indexes. The construction of the system provides an effective data quality evaluation tool for government departments. Through data quality evaluation, relevant data quality problems can be found, analyzed and improved, which is conducive to improving the level of data quality.
Optimal Calculation of Solid Propellant Burning Equilibrium Ingredients Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Kuan Hu , Lin Zhang , Xinlong Chang , Chunwen Wang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
To aim at defects caused by using Lagrange multiplier to solve equilibrium ingredients in engineering, genetic algorithm based on reduction of dimensionality and mixture rank are adopted in this paper. In genetic algorithm, design dimension is decreased through independence analysis of design variables, and individuals are ranked with violation degree and violation times simultaneously. The method in this paper can solve the problems brought by Lagrange multiplier method, which were unable to effectively deal with quantity equal constraints in equilibrium ingredients optimization and increased the number of unknown variables and calculation difficulties for complex propellant. Moreover, the method can also avoid the problem of computing termination on account of minus value during ingredients calculation, and can be easier to get global optimal solution. Furthermore, an integrated calculation frame of equilibrium ingredients is established by combining equilibrium ingredients optimization model with burning temperature model. Finally, an example is used to verify the method’s validity and feasibility.
Dynamic Interest Retransmission Interval Method for Congestion Control in NLSR
Authors: Hao Yuanchen , Xue Yanming , Li Tong , Ji Junwei , Ma Miaomiao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNamed data link state routing (NLSR) protocol is widely used in current NDN architecture. Due to the limited bandwidth resources of NDN, in the large-scale network running NLSR, when routing information is frequently updated, resulting in a sudden increase in interactive information and the Interest storm is formed. It will cause congestion of protocol information flow and affect network quality and performance index. NLSR does not take corresponding control measures for its Interest traffic and transmission frequency. Therefore, we propose a method to solve this Interest storm: the exponential regression algorithm is used to dynamically adjust the retransmission interval of Sync Interest and the timeout retransmission Interest quantity detection method is provided to add the flow control. The simulation results show that the congestion control method can adjust the sending quantity and retransmission interval of Interest well according to the network traffic.