bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis Knowledge Levels Of Secondary School Students
Authors: KURTULUŞ Şerif , CAN Remziye 
Published: September 2020

Objective: A reduction in tuberculosis (TB) cases is possible through knowledge and control of the risk factors. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the knowledge levels of secondary school students about TB.
Method: The study is a descriptive study conducted in 2018-2019. The sample of the study consisted of 116 students, who volunteered to participate in the study of 12th grade of the school. The data collection tool consists of 19 questions: Personal Information Form and TB Knowledge Level Questionnaire (TBKLQ). In TBDSF, every correct answer is one point. The score that can be obtained varies between 0-11.
Results: The mean age of was 17.17 ± 0.37 years. 1.7% of the study group had tuberculosis. The incidence of tuberculosis in their families was 2.6%. 86.2% of the participants knew the correct cause of the disease, 51.7% of them were aware of the symptoms and 64.7% of them understood the correct transmission path. 37.1% of the study group knew the duration of treatment correctly, 20.7% of them knew the infectious period correctly; 93.1% of the study group knew that TB was a notifiable disease and 76.7% knew that registration of TB should be undertaken at the Tuberculosis Dispensary. 50.9% of the study group were aware that TB could be seen in the lungs and extrapulmonary organs, and 37.1% of them knew correctly when the TB vaccine should be administered. The mean TB knowledge score of the study group was 5.85 ± 2.11. 59.5% of the participants reported that they had received training on TB. A significant difference was found between the TB knowledge scores of those who previously received TB education with those who did not.
Conclusion: The knowledge level of individuals with high school education about TB is at a medium level. One out of every two participants received training on TB. In order to increase the effectiveness of the fight against tuberculosis, to prevent the spread of the disease and to reach the goals of the end tuberculosis strategy, the lack of information should be overcome.
Global gene expression analyses of the alkamide-producing plant Heliopsis longipes supports a polyketide synthase-mediated biosynthesis pathway
Authors: Buitimea-Cantúa Génesis V. , Marsch-Martinez Nayelli , Ríos-Chavez Patricia , Méndez-Bravo Alfonso , Molina-Torres Jorge 
Published: September 2020

Background
Alkamides are plant-specific bioactive molecules. They are low molecular weight N-substituted α-unsaturated acyl amides that display biological explicit activities in different organisms from bacteria, fungi, insects to mammals and plants. The acyl chain has been proposed to be biosynthesized from a fatty acid; however, this has not been demonstrated yet. Heliopsis longipes (Asteraceae) accumulates in root a C10 alkamide called affinin in its roots, but not in leaves. The closely related species Heliopsis annua does not produce alkamides. To elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of the alkamides acyl chain, a comparative global gene expression analysis contrasting roots and leaves of both species was performed.

Methods
Transcriptomics analysis allowed to identify genes highly expressed in H. longipes roots, but not in tissues and species that do not accumulate alkamides. The first domain searched was the Ketosynthase (KS) domain. The phylogenetic analysis using sequences of the KS domain of FAS and PKS from different organisms, revealed that KS domains of the differentially expressed transcripts in H. longipes roots and the KS domain found in transcripts of Echinacea purpurea, another alkamides producer species, were grouped together with a high bootstrap value of 100%, sharing great similarity. Among the annotated transcripts, we found some coding for the enzymatic domains KS, AT, ACP, DH, OR and TE, which presented higher expression in H. longipes roots than in leaves. The expression level of these genes was further evaluated by qRT-PCR. All unigenes tested showed higher expression in H. longipes roots than in any the other samples. Based on this and considering that the acyl chain of affinin presents unsaturated bonds at even C numbers, we propose a new putative biosynthesis pathway mediated by a four modules polyketide synthase (PKS).

Results
The global gene expression analysis led to the selection of a set of candidate genes involved in the biosynthesis of the acyl chain of affinin, suggesting that it may be performed by a non-iterative, partially reductive, four module type I PKS complex (PKS alk) previously thought to be absent from the plant kingdom.
Classifying prokaryotic genomes using the Microbial Genomes Atlas (MiGA) webserver
Authors: Rodriguez‐R Luis M. , Harvey William T. , Rosselló‐Mora Ramon , Tiedje James M. , Cole James R. , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

The 16S rRNA gene has served effectively as the backbone of prokaryotic taxonomy and phylogeny but offers limited resolution at the species level and is often not assembled as part of metagenome‐assembled genomes (MAGs) recovered from environmental DNA or single‐cell amplified genomes (SAGs). The genome‐aggregate average nucleotide identity (ANI) and amino acid identity (AAI) have been shown to provide robust resolution at the species and subspecies levels and can be reliably calculated based on as little as ∼200 kb of a genome subsample. To identify genomes of already described taxa as well as assess the degree of novelty of genomes representing novel taxa and aid their taxonomic descriptions based on the ANI/AAI concept, we have developed the Microbial Genomes Atlas (MiGA) webserver (
www.microbial‐genomes.org
). Therefore, MiGA represents the genome equivalent of ribosomal webservers. MiGA is regularly updated to include all available genomes of cultured and uncultured (
Candidatus
) type material in its reference database and offers additional bioinformatics services such as genome assembly from unassembled reads, quality assessment, and detection of probable horizontal gene transfer events from close relatives. In this article, we provide practical examples of how to use MiGA and interpret its results. The advantages of MiGA over alternative whole‐genome‐based approaches are also summarized.
Developmental relations between ADHD symptoms and bullying perpetration and victimization in adolescence
Authors: Murray Aja L. , Zych Izabela , Ribeaud Denis , Eisner Manuel 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIt has previously been hypothesized that individuals with elevated attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are at greater risk of bullying perpetration and victimization. Using autoregressive latent trajectory models with structured residuals (ALT‐SR) and four waves (ages 11, 13, 15, and 17) of longitudinal data from the normative z‐proso study (n = 1526, 52% male), we evaluated the developmental relations between ADHD and bullying using both self‐ and teacher‐reported ADHD symptom data. Analyses suggested that ADHD symptoms primarily increase the risk of bullying perpetration, with a within‐person effect of ADHD symptoms on bullying perpetration symptoms identified across ages 13–15 (β = .13) and ages 15–17 (β = .19) based on self‐reported ADHD symptoms and a similar effect identified across ages 11–13 (β = .24) and 13–15 (β = .29) based on teacher‐reported inattention symptoms. There were also some indications of reciprocal effects and effects involving victimization that merit further exploration in future research. Results imply that the content of bullying intervention and prevention programs should take account of ADHD symptoms to ensure that those with elevated symptoms can benefit as much as their typically developing peers. This will involve addressing bullying perpetration that may reflect impulsive/reactive aggression and impaired social skills rather than instrumental aggression. Further, programs should go beyond classical curriculum/classroom‐based delivery to ensure that individuals with elevated ADHD symptoms can be successfully engaged.
Qualitative Exploration of Dyadic Influence on Physical Activity Between Latina Patients With Osteoarthritis and a Supporter of Their Physical Activity
Authors: Soto Sandra H. , Berry Diane C. , Callahan Leigh F. 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveResearch indicates that social support may promote physical activity; however, most Latina individuals with osteoarthritis (OA) are not sufficiently active. The purpose of this qualitative dyadic study was to explore how Latina patients with OA and a self‐selected physical activity “supporter” motivate each other to be more active. Furthermore, perceptions of how OA symptoms impact support and physical activity were examined.MethodsSemistructured dyadic interviews were conducted with Latina patients with OA and a member of their social network age ≥16 years who supports their physical activity (n = 14 dyads). We used framework analysis to reduce qualitative data to themes and subthemes.ResultsDaughters (n = 5), spouses (n = 4), sons (n = 2), a granddaughter (n = 1), a nephew (n = 1), and a friend (n = 1) provided support for the target behavior. In many cases, members of dyads said the motivation to engage in physical activity was reciprocated rather than focused solely on Latina patients with OA. Support was often reciprocated by engaging in physical activity together, using pressure, talking about being active, modeling physical activity, and helping with household responsibilities. Although participants agreed that physical activity was beneficial and Latina patients desired additional support when experiencing OA symptoms, there was concern about the safety of activity in the presence of symptoms. Several adult daughters indicated that their mothers' OA symptoms motivated their own physical activity.ConclusionDyadic strategies for promoting physical activity among Latina patients with OA and how support may be reciprocated were identified.
Modeling and distributed adaptive fault‐tolerant vibration control for bridge beam with single‐parameter adaptive neural network
Authors: Gao Shiqi , Yang Hongjun , Liu Jinkun 
Published: September 2020

SummaryModeling and vibration control of a bridge beam system are considered in this article. The beam bridge with both ends fixed can be regarded as an Euler‐Bernoulli beam, which is a typical distributed parameter system. First, the partial differential equations (PDE) model of the bridge was established according to the Hamilton principle. Then, a reasonable distributed control law was designed on the PDE model to eliminate the elastic deformation and suppress the vibration of the bridge. At the same time, uncertainties related to system status were considered during the design of the closed‐loop system. In addition, the possible actuator and sensor faults in the control system were analyzed. Single‐parameter adaptive neural networks were used to estimate the effects of coupling terms for uncertainties and faults. The parameter estimation adaptive law was designed to replace the adjustment of neural network weights, which simplifies the algorithm and facilitates practical engineering applications. Finally, the feasibility of the control system was verified by simulation.
A Janus Hydrogel Wet Adhesive for Internal Tissue Repair and Anti‐Postoperative Adhesion
Authors: Cui Chunyan , Wu Tengling , Chen Xinyu , Liu Yang , Li Yuan , Xu Ziyang , Fan Chuanchuan , Liu Wenguang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDespite rapid development of adhesive hydrogels, the typical double‐sided adhesives fail to adhere to wet tissues and concurrently prevent postoperative tissue adhesion, thus severely limiting their applications in repair of internal tissues. Herein, a negatively charged carboxyl‐containing hydrogel is gradiently, electrostatically complexed with a cationic oligosaccharide by a one‐sided dipping method to form a novel Janus hydrogel wet adhesive whose two‐side faces demonstrate strikingly distinct adhesive and nonadhesive properties. The lightly complexed surface demonstrates instant robust adhesion to various wet biological tissues even under water since the phase separation induced by electrostatic complexation increases the hydrophobicity and water drainage capacity. Intriguingly, the highly complexed surface is non‐adhesive due to complete neutralization of carboxyls in the hydrogels. The Janus hydrogel can be used to replace traditional sutures to treat gastric perforation of rabbits. Animal experiment outcomes reveal that one side of the Janus hydrogel is firmly glued to the stomach tissue, and other side facing outward can efficiently prevent the postoperative adhesion. Molecular simulation elucidates the importance for selecting cationic polymer species. It is believed that gradient polyelectrolyte complexation establish a new direction to create Janus adhesives for internal tissue/organ repair and simultaneous prevention of post‐operative adhesion.
Tailoring Wetting Properties at Extremes States to Obtain Antifogging Functionality
Authors: Tzianou Maria , Thomopoulos Giannis , Vourdas Nikolaos , Ellinas Kosmas , Gogolides Evangelos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFog formation decreases light transmission of optically clear materials. A promising approach to address this problem is to control the wetting properties of the material at extremes states, which requires imparting micro and nano morphology features on the surface. However, such features may affect the optical properties of the surface. In this work, superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces, with different morphology characteristics ranging from nanoscale to hierarchical micro‐nanoscale are fabricated and evaluated in order to investigate which wetting extreme and surface morphology is more suitable to preserve the light‐transmitting properties and exhibit antifogging functionalities. The performance of the aforementioned surfaces is compared for the first time in two different testing modes: under intense fog flow and no surface cooling, and under no‐flow and surface cooling, which enhances dew condensation on the surfaces. It is demonstrated that superhydrophilic surfaces with nanoscale morphology maintain their optical transmittance under fog flow for more than 20 min. This duration is one of the longest reported in the literature revealing the long‐term antifogging functionality of the proposed surfaces. Finally, by tailoring the morphology and the surface wetting properties, an optically switching surface (initially “milky” which becomes “clear”) when exposed to humidity is demonstrated.
Measurement of Electrophysiological Signals In Vitro Using High‐Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Tyrrell James E. , Boutelle Martyn G. , Campbell Alasdair J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBiological environments use ions in charge transport for information transmission. The properties of mixed electronic and ionic conductivity in organic materials make them ideal candidates to transduce physiological information into electronically processable signals. A device proven to be highly successful in measuring such information is the organic electrochemical transistor (OECT). Previous electrophysiological measurements performed using OECTs show superior signal‐to‐noise ratios than electrodes at low frequencies. Subsequent development has significantly improved critical performance parameters such as transconductance and response time. Here, interdigitated‐electrode OECTs are fabricated on flexible substrates, with one such state‐of‐the‐art device achieving a peak transconductance of 139 mS with a 138 µs response time. The devices are implemented into an array with interconnects suitable for micro‐electrocorticographic application and eight architecture variations are compared. The two best‐performing arrays are subject to the full electrophysiological spectrum using prerecorded signals. With frequency filtering, kHz‐scale frequencies with 10 µV‐scale voltages are resolved. This is supported by a novel quantification of the noise, which compares the gate voltage input and drain current output. These results demonstrate that high‐performance OECTs can resolve the full electrophysiological spectrum and suggest that superior signal‐to‐noise ratios could be achieved in high frequency measurements of multiunit activity.
Self‐Propelled Micro/Nanomotors for Tumor Targeting Delivery and Therapy
Authors: Lin Ruyi , Yu Wenqi , Chen Xianchun , Gao Huile 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCancer is still one of the most serious diseases with threats to health and life. Although some advances have been made in targeting delivery of antitumor drugs over the past number of years, there are still many problems needing to be solved, such as poor efficacy and high systemic toxicity. Micro/nanomotors capable of self‐propulsion in fluid provide promising platforms for improving the efficiency of tumor delivery. Herein, the recent progress in micro/nanomotors for tumor targeting delivery and therapy is reviewed, with special focus on the contributions of micro/nanomotors to the different stages of tumor targeting delivery as well as the combination therapy by micro/nanomotors. The present limitations and future directions are also put forward for further development.
Fingerprint Acquisition Based on Photo‐Thermal Coloration of MoO3 Ceramic upon the Irradiation of Multiband Light outside the Bandgap
Authors: Li Mingjun , Yang Zhengwen , Wen Yugeng , Ruan Jiufeng , Ren Youtao , Qiu Jianbei , Song Zhiguo , Wang Yuehui , Liu Bitao 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFingerprints acquisition for identity recognition is extensively studied as a high requirement of the development of fingerprint acquisition technology. The photochromism of MoO3 is widely reported upon ultraviolet light irradiation inside the bandgap, and if the photochromism can be achieved outside the bandgap, then the discoloration adjustment can be more diversified and the application range will be wider. However, there are no report of the photochromism of MoO3 upon the irradiation of multiband light outside bandgap. Herein, the MoO3 ceramic is prepared by the solid‐state reaction, and its photochromism is investigated upon the irradiation of multiband light outside the bandgap. The colors of MoO3 ceramic change from grey to dark blue upon the 473, 532, 808, or 980 nm laser irradiation, and the dark blue of MoO3 ceramic is bleached upon thermal stimulation. The photochromic mechanism of MoO3 ceramic is attributed to the laser‐induced heat effect. For the first time, fingerprint acquisition is obtained by means of the photo‐thermal‐chromism of MoO3 ceramic. The cycle experiment demonstrates that the fingerprint acquisition based on the photo‐thermal‐chromism of MoO3 has excellent repeatability and stability. These results suggest that this technology is nondestructive and repeatable, opening up a new approach for fingerprint acquisition.
Miscellaneous and Perspicacious: Hybrid Halide Perovskite Materials Based Photodetectors and Sensors
Authors: Yu Xiaoyan , Tsao Hoi Nok , Zhang Zilong , Gao Peng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOptoelectronic devices based on perovskite materials have shown significant improvement due to the direct and tunable bandgaps, large absorption coefficients, broad absorption spectra, high carrier mobilities, and long carrier diffusion lengths. In addition to the excellent performance in solar cells, scientists have utilized perovskite materials for other optoelectronic applications as well. This review details the figures‐of‐merit and the development of perovskite‐based photodetectors, including UV to NIR detection and high energy particle sensing. Discussions are made based on different device structures. Furthermore, gas, compound, temperature, and pressure sensors using perovskite materials are reviewed. “Miscellaneous” functionality and “perspicacious” performance have been achieved with these devices.
Toward See‐Through Optoelectronics: Transparent Light‐Emitting Diodes and Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Lihui , Cao Kun , Chen Shufen , Huang Wei 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTransparent light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells have attracted extensive attention as the most promising optoelectronic devices surpassing conventional opaque displays and photovoltaics. These transparent devices are particularly suitable for special applications including see‐through display and building‐integrated photovoltaics, for example, head‐mounted displays, navigation displays on car windshields, smart windows, roofing, skylights, and facades. This review systematically evaluates the pros and cons of representative transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) including transparent conductive oxides, ultrathin metal films, metal nanowires/meshes, conductive flexible polymers, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. A full‐scale overview of recent studies on transparent organic LEDs, quantum dot LEDs, perovskite LEDs, dye‐sensitized solar cells, organic solar cells, and perovskite solar cells using the above‐mentioned TCEs as top electrodes, is also provided, summarizing information on state‐of‐the‐art device performances. Finally, the key challenges in current transparent optoelectronic devices and a few potential proposals for developing highly efficient transparent devices are addressed in the last part. It is believed that, with the rapid development of novel optoelectronic materials and fabrication technologies, there will be a bright prospect for transparent optoelectronic devices and their related applications in the near future.
An Alkaline Based Method for Generating Crystalline, Strong, and Shape Memory Polyvinyl Alcohol Biomaterials
Authors: Darabi Mohammad Ali , Khosrozadeh Ali , Wang Ying , Ashammakhi Nureddin , Alem Halima , Erdem Ahmet , Chang Qiang , Xu Kaige , Liu Yuqing , Luo Gaoxing , Khademhosseini Ali , Xing Malcolm 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStrong, stretchable, and durable biomaterials with shape memory properties can be useful in different biomedical devices, tissue engineering, and soft robotics. However, it is challenging to combine these features. Semi‐crystalline polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been used to make hydrogels by conventional methods such as freeze–thaw and chemical crosslinking, but it is formidable to produce strong materials with adjustable properties. Herein, a method to induce crystallinity and produce physically crosslinked PVA hydrogels via applying high‐concentration sodium hydroxide into dense PVA polymer is introduced. Such a strategy enables the production of physically crosslinked PVA biomaterial with high mechanical properties, low water content, resistance to injury, and shape memory properties. It is also found that the developed PVA hydrogel can recover 90% of plastic deformation due to extension upon supplying water, providing a strong contraction force sufficiently to lift objects 1100 times more than their weight. Cytocompatibility, antifouling property, hemocompatibility, and biocompatibility are also demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. The fabrication methods of PVA‐based catheters, injectable electronics, and microfluidic devices are demonstrated. This gelation approach enables both layer‐by‐layer and 3D printing fabrications.