bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic and functional analysis of soil microbial communities in a mining site across a metal(loid) contamination gradient
Authors: Navas Mariela , Pérez‐Esteban Javier , Torres Miguel‐Angel , Hontoria Chiquinquira , Moliner Ana 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSoil microorganisms surviving in mining sites have developed metal‐resistance mechanisms to biotransform metals. Their use as biofertilizers can improve phytoremediation efficiency in contaminated soils by reducing metal toxicity while promoting plant growth. We analysed through whole‐metagenome shotgun sequencing the composition, diversity and function of microbial communities present in a contaminated mine soil along a gradient of metals (As, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn) to identify tolerant species carrying metal‐resistance functional genes that can be used in association with plants for phytoremediation. Soil samples were collected from an abandoned copper mine, across three areas with different levels of metal contamination (unaffected, moderately contaminated and highly contaminated). The relative abundance of Proteobacteria, especially genus Bradyrhizobium, increased in the highly contaminated area, whereas Actinobacteria dominated in the unaffected area. Archaea (Euryarchaeota) predominated in the moderately contaminated area, Haloarcula, Halobacterium and Halorubrum being the most abundant genera. The fungi Basidiomycota did not exhibit differences among the areas, whereas Ascomycota, especially the genus Aspergillus, increased in areas with low metal concentrations. Metal‐resistance genes associated with Fe (acn, furA, dpsA), Cu (cop‐unnamed, copF, actP, copA, mmco, cutO) and As (arsT, arsC, aioA/aoxB) metabolism were the most abundant and were affected by the gradient of soil contamination. Those associated with Cu predominated in the most contaminated area, whereas As and Fe genes were more abundant in the least contaminated. Among the carriers of these metal‐resistance genes, Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Halorubrum trapanicum, Aspergillus fumigatus and A. fischeri were dominant in the most contaminated area. These species could give rise to promising biofertilizers to be used in association with suitable plants for the phytoremediation of contaminated mining sites.Highlights
Metals affect differentially abundance, diversity and function of microorganisms in a mine soil.
Proteobacteria dominated in contaminated areas and Actinobacteria in the less contaminated.
Most abundant metal‐resistance genes were associated with Cu, As and Fe.
Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens and other species are promising biofertilizers for phytoremediation.
Nest box revealed habitat preferences of arboreal mammals in box‐ironbark forest
Authors: Goldingay Ross L. , Quin Darren G. , Talamo Orlando , Mentiplay‐Smith Janice 
Published: April 2020

SummaryHabitat preferences need to be understood if species are to be adequately managed or conserved. Habitat preferences are presumed to reflect requirements for food, shelter and breeding, as well as interactions with predators and competitors. However, one or more of these requirements may dominate. Tree‐cavity‐dependent wildlife species are one example where shelter or breeding site requirements may dominate. We installed 120 nest boxes across 40 sites to target the vulnerable Brush‐tailed Phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa) and the non‐threatened Sugar Glider (Petaurus breviceps). The provision of shelter sites where few of quality are available may enable better resolution of habitat preferences. Over three years, we observed the Brush‐tailed Phascogale at 17 sites, whereas the Sugar Glider was observed at 39 sites. We tested four broad hypotheses (H1–H4) relating to habitat that may influence occupancy by these species. There was no influence of hollow (cavity) abundance (H1) on either species suggesting our nest boxes had satisfied their shelter requirements. There was no influence of habitat structure (canopy and tree proximity) (H2) immediately around the nest box trees. We found no influence of distance to the forest edge (H3). Variables at and away from the nest box site that appear to reflect foraging substrates (H4) were influential on the Brush‐tailed Phascogale. Sugar Glider occupancy was only influenced by a single variable at the nest box site. The lack of influence of any other variables is consistent with the very high occupancy observed, suggesting most of the forest habitat is suitable when shelter sites are available. We found no evidence that the Sugar Glider reduced site use by the Brush‐tailed Phascogale.
Tattling with Chinese Characteristics: Norm Sensitivity, Moral Anxiety, and “The Genuine Child”
Authors: Xu Jing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBased on twelve months of ethnographic fieldwork in Shanghai, this article examines Chinese preschool children's tattling behavior as well as educators’ interpretations of it. Tattling is defined as the reporting to an authority figure of other children's counternormative behavior. My research revealed distinctive characteristics of tattling in the Chinese context: the popularity of third‐party (bystander) instead of second‐party (victim) tattling, the entanglement between tattling and pleasing authority, and adults’ moralistic concerns about tattlers’ motivations and character, encapsulated in the discourse of “the genuine child.” I further contextualized adults’ concerns in widespread moral anxiety in a changing Chinese society and connected them to historical notions of childhood and morality. Taken together, these findings illuminate cultural influences on children's everyday sociomoral life in light of the continuities and changes of Chinese conceptualizations of “the child.” This article facilitates conversations between anthropology and psychology and demonstrates valuable linkages between psychological anthropology and Chinese studies.
Saturated and aromatic aldehydes originating from skin and cutaneous bacteria activate the Nrf2‐keap1 pathway in human keratinocytes
Authors: Ron‐Doitch Sapir , Soroka Yoram , Frusic‐Zlotkin Marina , Barasch Dinorah , Steinberg Doron , Kohen Ron 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSkin homeostasis is constantly challenged by environmental factors, affecting its delicate redox balance. The skin is also home to a wide variety of bacterial species, including Staphylococci. The cutaneous redox state is governed by the Nrf2‐keap1 pathway, which is responsible for the induction of phase II cytoprotective enzymes, thus sustaining a healthy oxidative state. As part of normal metabolism, both bacteria and cutaneous tissue emit copious amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), one subgroup of which are aldehydes. α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes are known activators of Nrf2‐keap1 pathway by direct oxidation of the keap1 protein. However, we did not encounter reports of Nrf2 activation by saturated or aromatic aldehydes, neither bacteria nor skin‐derived. We hypothesized that non–α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes derived from skin or cutaneous bacteria may act as Nrf2‐keap1 pathway activators and therefore afford protection against environmental insults. The saturated aldehydes nonanal and decanal (known skin metabolites) and the aromatic aldehyde benzaldehyde (known skin and Staphylococcus epidermidis metabolite) were shown to induce the Nrf2‐keap1 pathway in human keratinocytes. We also identified a newly described aromatic aldehyde, 3‐furaldehyde (3‐FA), emitted from S. aureus and S. epidermidis cultures, which also activated the pathway. Moreover, Nrf2‐keap1 induction led to a significant protection against UVB‐induced apoptosis. The mechanism involved in this activation has been partially elucidated. This work emphasizes the importance of cutaneous bacteria, as well as healthy skin lipid peroxidation processes in the maintenance and regulation of the cellular antioxidant response, namely with regard to coping with environmental stressors.
Using the tools of genetic epidemiology to understand sex differences in neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Merikangas Alison K. , Almasy Laura 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMany neuropsychiatric disorders exhibit differences in prevalence, age of onset, symptoms or course of illness between males and females. For the most part, the origins of these differences are not well understood. In this article, we provide an overview of sex differences in psychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, depression, alcohol and substance abuse, schizophrenia, eating disorders and risk of suicide. We discuss both genetic and nongenetic mechanisms that have been hypothesized to underlie these differences, including ascertainment bias, environmental stressors, X‐ or Y‐linked risk loci, and differential liability thresholds in males and females. We then review the use of twin, family and genome‐wide association approaches to study potential genetic mechanisms of sex differences and the extent to which these designs have been employed in studies of psychiatric disorders. We describe the utility of genetic epidemiologic study designs, including classical twin and family studies, large‐scale studies of population registries, derived recurrence risks, and molecular genetic analyses of genome‐wide variation that may enhance our understanding sex differences in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Gut dysbiosis associated with clinical prognosis of patients with primary biliary cholangitis
Authors: Furukawa Masanori , Moriya Kei , Nakayama Jiro , Inoue Takako , Momoda Rie , Kawaratani Hideto , Namisaki Tadashi , Sato Shinya , Douhara Akitoshi , Kaji Kosuke , Kitade Mitsuteru , Shimozato Naotaka , Sawada Yasuhiko , Saikawa Soichiro , Takaya Hiroaki , Kitagawa Koh , Akahane Takemi , Mitoro Akira , Yamao Junichi , Tanaka Yasuhito , Yoshiji Hitoshi 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimAlthough some relationships between gut microbiota and liver diseases have been reported, it remains uncertain whether changes in gut microbiota owing to differences in race, food and living environment have similar effects. Response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) may predict the long‐term prognosis of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC); however, little is known about the significance of the gut microbiome in patients with PBC. We elucidated the relationships among clinical profiles, biochemical response to UDCA and gut microbiome composition in patients with PBC.MethodsFecal samples from 76 patients with PBC treated at our hospital were collected; patients whose UDCA intake period was <1 year were excluded. The microbiome structures of patients were determined using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and were statistically compared with those of healthy subjects. The structures of patients in the UDCA responder (n = 43) and non‐responder (n = 30) groups were compared according to the Nara criteria (reduction rate of gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase, ≥69%, after 1 year).ResultsCompared with healthy subjects, bacterial diversity was lower in patients with PBC, with a decreased abundance of the order Clostridiales and increased abundance of Lactobacillales. The UDCA non‐responder group had a significantly lower population of the genus Faecalibacterium, known as butyrate‐producing beneficial bacteria (P < 0.05), although no significant differences in gender, body mass index, medicated drugs or other serological data were indicated between these two groups.ConclusionsGut dysbiosis with loss of beneficial Clostridiales commensals was observed in patients with PBC. Decrease in Faecalibacterium abundance might predict the long‐term prognosis of patients with PBC.
Community pharmacist workflow: Space for Pharmacy-based Interventions and Consultation TimE study protocol
Authors: Karia Ajay Mahendrarai , Balane Christine , Norman Richard , Robinson Suzanne , Lehnbom Elin , Durakovic Iva , Laba Tracey-Lea , Joshi Rohina , Webster Ruth 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background
Pharmacists’ roles are expanding to delivering a wider set of professional services including medication management optimisation, vaccinations and screening services. Robust research determining whether pharmacists have the capacity to offer such services in the Australian community pharmacy setting is lacking. This protocol details a mixed methods study that investigates the variation in pharmacists’ daily tasks and the workspace they work in as a measure of their workload capacity for expanding pharmacy services.

Methods
An observational time and motion study will be conducted in up to twenty community pharmacies in metropolitan and rural regions of Australia. A trained observer will follow a pharmacist and record the type, location and duration of tasks undertaken over the course of their working day. Data will be collected and analysed using the electronic Work Observation Method By Activity Timing (WOMBAT) tool. Pharmacists’ work patterns will be described as time for each task, and by proportionating multitasking and interruptions. This information will be combined with workspace data collected using floor plans, photographs and a qualitative assessment of the working environment completed by the observer. Analysis will include heat-mapped floor plans visually highlighting pharmacist movements.

Discussion
Pharmacists may provide solutions to the strained health workforce and system. There is limited quantitative evidence on whether pharmacists have the time or work setting to support such needs. The use of time and motion methodology is novel to Australian community pharmacy research, and the findings will provide a better understanding of pharmacists’ capacity and work environment.
Complexity and heuristics for the weighted max cut‐clique problem
Authors: Bourel Mathias , Canale Eduardo , Robledo Franco , Romero Pablo , Stábile Luis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn market basket analysis (MBA), the goal is to understand human behavior to maximize sales. A clear behavior is buying correlated items. As a consequence, the determination of a set of items with a high correlation with others is a valuable tool for MBA. In this work, we address a combinatorial optimization problem with valuable applications to MBA, especially in marketing and product placement. The focus will be on the combinatorial problem and not on specific applications. For any given undirected graph (where the nodes are items and the edges represent correlation), we aim to find the clique such that the number of edges shared between and is maximized. This problem is known in the literature as the max cut‐clique (MCC) problem. We can generalize this problem by considering the weights associated with each edge. In this context, we are interested in finding the clique such that the weighted sum associated with each edge shared between and is maximized. The weighted version of the MCC problem is known as the maximum edge‐weight neighborhood clique (MEWNC) problem. The main contributions of this paper are threefold. First, the computational complexity of both the MCC and MEWNC problems is established. Specifically, we prove that the MCC and MEWNC problems belong to the class of ‐complete problems. Second, an exact integer linear programming (ILP) formulation for the MEWNC problem is proposed. Third, a full greedy randomized adaptive search procedure/variable neighborhood descent methodology enriched with a tabu search is here developed, where the main components are novel neighborhood structures and a restricted candidate list that trade greediness for randomization in a multistart fashion. A dynamic tabu list considers a bounding technique based on the previous analysis. Finally, a fair comparison between our hybrid algorithm and a globally optimal solution using the ILP formulation confirms that a globally optimal solution is found by our heuristic for graphs with hundreds of nodes, but it is more efficient than the exact solution in terms of time and memory requirements.
A fractal analysis of crack branching in borosilicate glass
Authors: DeLellis Daniel P. , Mecholsky Nicholas A. , Mecholsky John J. , Quinn George D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMany fractography techniques involve precise measurements of features on the fracture surface and can be difficult to perform in the field, or rapidly. Macroscopic crack branching observations offer a more robust and forgiving method of analysis, but often are not strongly correlated with standard fractography techniques. In this study, the crack branching patterns of annealed borosilicate glass disks previously fractured in biaxial tension were analyzed using fractal methods and compared with more typical fracture surface measurement techniques. The results confirm that the fractal dimension of macroscopic crack branching (called the Crack Branching Coefficient) increases with increasing failure stress, as has been shown with other brittle materials. In addition, the existence of a threshold stress previously reported was confirmed using new techniques. The findings herein can be used to further increase the fidelity of fractography‐based failure analysis of brittle materials.
The impact of bedside handovers on relevant clinical indicators: A matched‐controlled multicentre longitudinal study
Authors: Malfait Simon , Eeckloo Kristof , Van Opdorp Lara , Van Biesen Wim , Van Hecke Ann 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo investigate the effects of bedside handover, as contrasted with traditional handovers, on length of hospital stay, unplanned readmission, hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs), patient falls, unscheduled intravenous reinfusion and pain.DesignA multicentre matched‐controlled longitudinal design.MethodBedside handover was implemented at five intervention wards in a convenience sample of four hospitals (three surgical/medical wards and two wards for medical rehabilitation). Four control wards continued to use their traditional handover (two surgical‐medical wards, one medical rehabilitation ward and one mixed surgical‐medical rehabilitation ward; one for each hospital). Patient records, including reports on individual patients in the electronic incident reporting systems, were consulted (N intervention = 509; N control = 265). The study was carried out between May 2016–February 2018 and data were collected between March 2018–June 2018. The data were analysed using generalized linear mixed‐model analysis.ResultsNo significant differences in length of stay, unplanned readmission, HAPUs, unnecessary intravenous drips, pain or patients falls could be attributed to the use of bedside handovers, whether over time or between the intervention and the control groups.ConclusionNo long‐term effects were found on patient safety arising from bedside handover. This lack of significance possibly indicates that: (a) caution is needed when generalizing the results of previous smaller‐scale studies; and that (b) bedside handovers do not create hazardous situations for patients.ImpactNurses traditionally perform change‐of‐shift handovers without the patient. However, the growth in attention paid to reducing adverse events and the demand for more participative and patient‐centred approaches in health care both suggest that bedside handovers might be a logical intervention. This study could not confirm the positive results found in the international literature on the impact of bedside handovers on patient safety. Bedside handover should thus be considered as an equally safe, more patient‐centred alternative to traditional handover models.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02714582).
Comparison of longitudinal change in sST2 vs BNP to predict major adverse cardiovascular events in asymptomatic patients in the community
Authors: Watson Chris J. , Tea Isaac , O'Connell Eoin , Glezeva Nadezhda , Zhou Shuaiwei , James Stephanie , Gallagher Joe , Snider James , Januzzi James L. , Ledwidge Mark T. , McDonald Ken M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBiomarker‐based preventative and monitoring strategies are increasingly used for risk stratification in cardiovascular (CV) disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of longitudinal change in B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and sST2 concentrations for predicting incident major adverse CV events (MACE) (heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, stroke/transient ischaemic attack and CV death) in asymptomatic community‐based patients with risk factors but without prevalent MACE at enrolment. The study population consisted of 282 patients selected from the longitudinal STOP‐HF study of asymptomatic patients with risk factors for development of MACE. Fifty‐two of these patients developed a MACE. The study was run in two phases comprising of an initial investigative cohort (n = 195), and a subsequent 2:1 (No MACE: MACE) propensity matched verification cohort (n = 87). BNP and sST2 were quantified in all patients at two time points a median of 2.5 years apart. Results highlighted that longitudinal change in sST2 was a statistically significant predictor of incident MACE, (AUC 0.60). A one‐unit increment in sST2 change from baseline to follow up corresponded to approximately 7.99% increase in the rate of one or more incident MACE, independent of the baseline or follow‐up concentration. In contrast, longitudinal change value of BNP was not associated with MACE. In conclusion, longitudinal change in sST2 but not BNP was associated with incident MACE in asymptomatic, initially event‐free patients in the community. Further work is required to evaluate the clinical utility of change in sST2 in risk prediction and event monitoring in this setting.
Non‐competes, business dynamism, and concentration: Evidence from a Florida case study
Authors: Kang Hyo , Fleming Lee 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMost research on non‐competes has focused on employees; here we study how non‐competes affect firm location choice, growth, and consequent regional concentration, using Florida's 1996 legislative change that eased restrictions on their enforcement. Difference‐in‐differences models show that following the change, establishments of large firms were more likely to enter Florida; they also created a greater proportion of jobs and increased their share of employment in the state. Entrepreneurs or establishments of small firms, in contrast, were less likely to enter Florida following the law change; they also created a smaller proportion of new jobs and decreased their share of employment. Consistent with these location and job creation dynamics, regional business concentration increased following the law change in Florida. Nationwide cross‐sections demonstrate consistent correlations between state‐level non‐compete enforcement and the location, employment, and concentration dynamics illustrated in Florida.
Interannual variability of distribution, abundance and population dynamics of the smooth hammerheadSphyrna zygaena(Linnaeus, 1758) in the central‐southeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: López‐Martínez Juana , Cabanilla‐Carpio Carmen , Ruiz Choez Walter , Arzola‐Sotelo Edgar Arnoldo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study provides information on the population dynamics of the smooth hammerhead sharkSphyrna zygaenain the central‐southeast Pacific Ocean. The samples were obtained from artisanal fisheries from 2008 to 2013 to analyse cohorts, growth, mortality, abundance and recruitment using methods based on length and relative age and an inference multi‐model. According to the von Bertalanffy growth model, the results indicated that the species showed from three to seven cohorts annually and slow growth (Wi= 57.20%):L∞= 292.86 cm,K= 0.141 per year andt0= −2.26. Length of sexual maturity was 239.30 and 209.10 cm at first capture; the average natural mortality value was 0.231 per year, by fishing 0.051 per year with a total mortality of 0.26 1 per year and exploitation rate of 0.15. Interannual variability was recorded in biomass with an average of 7367.24 tonnes, as well as a spatial permanence pattern. The results suggest that the La Niña event biologically favours the population in the area. The information from this study is essential for better understanding the species population and serves as a basis for future actions of management and conservation ofS. zygaena.