bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AG490 protects cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibiting the JAK2/3 signaling pathway
Authors: Fan Lichao , Zhou Lichun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is a severe problem in patients with brain ischemia. Brain injury caused by the immune response is important in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and immune pathways. It is important to investigate potential targets for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.MethodsIn this experiment, we evaluated the effect of an exogenous JAK antagonist AG490 in the cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury model, which was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Histology study, TUNEL staining, Western blot, and RT‐PCR were employed to examine the effects of AG490 in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.ResultsIn the brain tissue of MCAO mice, JAK2 was highly expressed. AG490 is an inhibitor of JAK2, which reduced the phosphorylation level of JAK2. AG490 downregulated the phosphorylated activation of JAK3 and their downstream STAT3. The antiapoptotic activity of AG490 on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury mice was consistent with in vitro data. It reduced the phosphorylation of JAK2/JAK3/STAT3 and the apoptosis rate in cultured neurons upon apoptosis induction. Besides, we also observed the neuroprotective effects of AG490 on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Administration of AG490 could further enhance the expression of neurotrophins including BNDF, NT3, and the neurotrophin receptor TrkB.ConclusionTherefore, AG490 is pluripotent for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through both antiapoptosis and neuroprotective activities. The antiapoptosis effect is dependent on its regulation of the JAK‐STAT pathway.
Rescue fantasies in the personal and professional relational narratives of psychotherapists
Authors: Vaknin Orly , Wiseman Hadas 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study explores rescue fantasies in the experiences of therapists in their relationship with their clients and in their personal relationships. Twenty female therapists participated in a reading procedure aimed to prompt themes of rescue followed by a relationships anecdotes paradigm (RAP) interview in which they recounted relational narratives with their parents, their own children and their clients. Adapting the Core Conflictual Relationships Themes (CCRT) method, our analysis of rescue wishes in the relational narratives leads to the identification of two major types of therapists' propensities towards rescue awareness: rescuer and dialectic. These types are characterised by different dynamics of ongoing interpersonal conflicts involved in the strength and nature of rescue fantasies. The findings reveal the dominance of rescue themes in therapists’ interpersonal and professional experiences. Our illustration of the rescue types as revealed by the narratives highlights the significance of therapists' awareness of their own rescue dynamics and its implications for training and supervision.
Synthesis of High Metal Loading Single Atom Catalysts and Exploration of the Active Center Structure
Authors: Wang Kaiying , Wang Xiaofeng , Liang Xinhua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) have been rising recently as a new frontier in the catalysis field. Due to maximum atom utilization efficiency and tunable electronic structures, SACs exhibit highly distinctive catalytic performance from bulk counterparts. SACs with high metal loading will facilitate practical applications. To that end, this Review focuses on recent strategies to maximize metal loading. An appropriate substrate, mainly heteroatom‐doped carbon materials, is the key to avoiding aggregation or sintering during synthetic procedures. The coordination site construction and spatial confinement strategies are adopted to prepare SACs with high metal loading. Advanced characterization techniques with atomic resolution are indispensable for identification of the exact structure of SACs. This is true, especially for the applications and challenges in developing in situ/operando characterization techniques at the atomic level, which are discussed in this Review. Moreover, it is fundamentally necessary to investigate the active center structure, which facilitates any design of efficient SACs that can maximize single‐atom catalytic activity. Furthermore, this Review highlights challenges and prospects for development of SACs.
Rational Design and Controlled Synthesis of V‐Doped Ni3S2/NixPy Heterostructured Nanosheets for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Wensi , Zhao Huimin , Du Yunmei , Yang Yu , Li Shaoxiang , Yang Bo , Liu Yanru , Wang Lei 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRational construction of high‐efficiency and low‐cost catalysts is one of the most promising ways to produce hydrogen but remains a huge challenge. Herein, interface engineering and heteroatom doping were used to synthesize V‐doped sulfide/phosphide heterostructures on nickel foam (V‐Ni3S2/NixPy/NF) by phosphating treatment at low temperature. The incorporation of V can adjust the electronic structure of Ni3S2, expose more active sites, and protect the 3D structure of Ni foam from damage. Meanwhile, the heterogeneous interface formed between Ni3S2 and NixPy can provide abundant active sites and accelerate electron transfer. As a result, the V‐Ni3S2/NixPy/NF nanosheet catalyst exhibits outstanding activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with an extremely low overpotential of 90 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and stable durability in alkaline solution, which exceeds those most of the previously reported Ni‐based materials. This work shows that rational design by interfacial engineering and metal‐atom incorporation has a significant influence for efficient hydrogen evolution.
Butterfly and Nest‐Shaped Tp*‐W‐Cu‐S Cluster Monomers and Dimers with Hexamethylenetetramine as Ligand: Anion‐Dependent Structures and Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Liu Quan , Lu Mingjie , Yu Lice , Song Yinglin , Lang Jianping 
Published: October 2020

Main observation and conclusionThe assembly of [Et4N][Tp*WS3] (1) with CuX (Tp* = hydridotris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)borate; X = Cl, Br, and I) or [Cu(MeCN)4][PF6] in the presence of tetratopic ligand hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) afforded an array of four cluster‐based compounds, which are either neutral or anionic. These compounds include [Tp*WS3Cu3Cl2(HMT)] (2, monomer, neutral), [Tp*WS3Cu3Br2(HMT)] (3, monomer, neutral), [Tp*WS3Cu3I1.5(HMT)]2I (4, dimer, anionic), and [Tp*WS3Cu2(HMT)]2(PF6)2 (5, dimer, anionic). The size of the halogen is found to dictate the structures (2/3 versus 4), and the presence/absence of halogen also affects the utilization of coordinate site of HMT (4 versus 5) by creating more available Cu(I) site in the case of 5. The structures of 2—5 are also characterized using elemental analysis, Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra, and ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy, with the dimeric structure of 5 also selected for the third‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) property investigations. The NLO measurement results suggest that the hyperpolarizability value (γ) of 5, reflecting its NLO properties as a neat material, features 2.12×10−30 esu, and it is comparable to other W/Cu/S cluster‐based molecular entities, rendering 5 a promising NLO‐active material.
Numerical simulation of fenestrated graft deployment: Anticipation of stent graft and vascular structure adequacy
Authors: Dupont Claire , Kaladji Adrien , Rochette Michel , Saudreau Blandine , Lucas Antoine , Haigron Pascal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFenestrated endovascular aneurism repair (FEVAR) is a minimally invasive technique, and its success depends on the adequacy of the correspondence between the visceral arteries ostia and position of the fenestrations of the stent graft (SG) during its deployment in juxtarenal aneurisms. However, the fenestration position is generally determined from a preoperative computerised tomography (CT) scan, without considering the vascular deformation induced by the insertion of the endovascular tools. Catheterisation difficulties may occur during clinical procedures. Accordingly, the objective of this work is to present an initial proof of concept aimed at anticipating and optimising the position of the fenestrations, while considering the vascular deformation induced by the insertion of the endovascular tools. The proposed method relies on the finite element method to simulate the SG deployment in a vascular structure (VS), and considers the vascular deformation induced by the tools. After determining the optimal simulation parameters for a patient‐specific case, the robustness of the method is demonstrated on six other representative anatomies. The simulated SG is also compared with post‐deployment CT observations, and demonstrates good adequacy. The results show that the numerically corrected fenestration positions, as determined from the simulated results following the insertion of the endovascular tools, deviate from those of the standard plan (as determined from the preoperative CT scan). This indicates that the SG–VS adequacy could be improved via simulation‐based planning, to anticipate potential catheterisation difficulties.
Cyanide Bridged Platinum‐Iron Complexes as Cisplatin Prodrug Systems: Design and Computational Study
Authors: Kaspi‐Kaneti Ariela W. , Bhandari Srijana , Schubert Alexander , Huang Songping D. , Dunietz Barry D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe potential role of cyanide‐bridged platinum‐iron complexes as an anti‐cancer Pt(IV) prodrug is studied. We present design principles of a dual‐function prodrug that can upon reduction dissociate and release concurrently six cisplatin units and a ferricyanide anion per prodrug unit. The prodrug molecule is a unique complex of hepta metal centers consisting of a ferricyanide core with six Pt(IV) centers each bonded to the Fe(III) core through a cyano ligand. The functionality of the prodrug is addressed through density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Regulating the Coordination of Co sites in Co3O4/MnO2 Compounding for Facilitated Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Zhiqiang , Ma Chenglong , Zhou Zhenhua , Cao Limei , Yang Ji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBinary transition metal oxides as a promising oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst have received significant attention. However, their exact reaction mechanisms are often too complex to be discussed. Herein, novel Co−Mn composites with a well‐defined nanostructure were developed for understanding the role of each component. The growth pattern of cobalt oxide and the effects of the coordination environment of Co sites during growth on the overall activity were investigated. Based on experimental and density functional theory studies, it was found that the decaying coordination number directly affected the expression of crystal planes of cobalt oxide, which further had a great influence upon limiting current density of Co−Mn catalysts. The cuboid‐Co/Mn catalyst exhibited outstanding limiting current density and showed good stability, related to more highly active (110) planes exposed in Co3O4. These provided many references for the preparation of related nonprecious catalysts in various domains.
Optimizing cytological specimens of EUS‐FNA of solid pancreatic lesions: A pilot study to the effect of a smear preparation training for endoscopy personnel on sample quality and accuracy
Authors: van Riet Priscilla A. , Quispel Rutger , Cahen Djuna L. , Erler Nicole S. , Snijders‐Kruisbergen Mieke C. , Van Loenen Petri , Poley Jan‐Werner , van Driel Lydi M.J.W. , Mulder Sanna A. , Veldt Bart J. , Leeuwenburgh Ivonne , Anten Marie‐Paule G.F. , Honkoop Pieter , Thijssen Annemieke Y. , Hol Lieke , Hadithi Mohammed , Fitzpatrick Claire E. , Schot Ingrid , Bergmann Jilling F. , Bhalla Abha , Bruno Marco J. , Biermann Katharina 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the absence of rapid on‐side pathological evaluation, endoscopy staff generally “smears” endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) specimens on a glass slide. As this technique is vulnerable to preparation artifacts, we assessed if its quality could be improved through a smear‐preparation‐training for endoscopy staff.MethodsIn this prospective pilot study, 10 endosonographers and 12 endoscopy nurses from seven regional EUS‐centers in the Netherlands were invited to participate in a EUS‐FNA smear‐preparation‐training. Subsequently, post training slides derived from solid pancreatic lesions were compared to pre‐training “control” slides. Primary outcome was to assess if the training positively affects smear quality and, consequently, diagnostic accuracy of EUS‐FNA of solid pancreatic lesions.ResultsParticipants collected and prepared 71 cases, mostly pancreatic head lesions (48%). Sixty‐eight controls were selected from the pretraining period. The presence of artifacts was comparable for smears performed before and after training (76% vs 82%, P = .36). Likewise, smear cellularity (≥50% target cells) before and after training did not differ (44% (30/68) vs 49% (35/71), P = .48). Similar, no difference in diagnostic accuracy for malignancy was detected (P = .10).ConclusionIn this pilot EUS‐FNA smear‐preparation‐training for endoscopy personnel, smear quality and diagnostic accuracy were not improved after the training. Based on these results, we plan to further study other training programs and possibilities.
Heavy mineral variations in mid‐Carboniferous deltaic sandstones: Records of a pre‐depositional sediment history?
Authors: Nauton‐Fourteu Martin , Tyrrell Shane , Morton Andrew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSandstone composition is influenced by multiple factors, including acidic weathering, occurring during storage in the hinterland, prior to deposition. This study aims to better understand and constrain how the nature and duration of such pre‐depositional factors might impact the final sediment composition. Mid‐Carboniferous deltaic sandstones from the Clare Basin, western Ireland, for which depositional environments and provenance are well constrained, are the target of this study. Conventional heavy mineral analysis and specific heavy mineral ratios, such as the apatite–tourmaline index are utilised to examine these phenomena. Relatively high apatite–tourmaline index values observed in channelised sandstones contrast with lower values seen in sandstones associated with mouth bar and interdistributary bay facies. These variations are not linked to changes in provenance and thus potentially indicate differences in weathering intensity due to variable duration of alluvial storage. These changes are probably linked with shorter hinterland residence time in the channelised than in mouth bar and interdistributary bay sandstones. Variations are seen in the rutile‐zircon index without any clear link with facies. These fluctuations could be ascribed to variable supply from a source, which is relatively rich in rutile but poor in zircon and apatite. Despite the apatite component in these sandstones being partially derived from recycled sources, the apatite–tourmaline index stills appears to hold information on the last sedimentary cycle.
Sons benefit from paternal care in African striped mice
Authors: Pillay Neville , Rymer Tasmin L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMammalian paternal care is rare and is often linked to enhanced fitness under particular ecological conditions. The proximate consequences of paternal care on offspring are lacking, however. Here, we tested whether levels of paternal care predict the behavioural, cognitive and physiological development of sons in the naturally paternal African striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio). We focused on sons raised in two treatments: biparental (both parents) or uniparental (mother alone) families. We recorded levels of interactions between pups with both parents, and later assessed the behaviour, cognition and physiology of sons at three developmental stages: juvenile, sub‐adult and adult (sexual maturity). Sons from biparental families showed (a) reduced anxiety as juveniles; (b) greater exploration and social interaction at different stages; (c) better cognition; and (d) reduced corticosterone concentrations than sons from uniparental families. In contrast, sons from uniparental families showed greater levels of paternal care, although prolactin concentrations did not differ between treatments. Paternal care in striped mice enhances fitness of males. Here, we also show that sons benefit psychologically and physiologically through interactions with their fathers. However, sons also trade‐off such benefits against their own paternal care behaviour, suggesting that fathers influence the development of their son's phenotype in complex ways.
Age‐related behavioral and ultrastructural changes in the rat amygdala
Authors: Lomidze Nino , Zhvania Mzia G. , Tizabi Yousef , Japaridze Nadezhda , Pochkhidze Nino , Rzayev Fuad , Gasimov Eldar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlthough the relationships between brain structure and emotions may alter across the life span, this relationship is of particular importance during aging when significant alterations in emotions may be manifested. Understanding the structural–behavioral relationship could not only provide a neurobiological basis of these changes, but could also suggest potential intervention. Since anxiety is commonly observed in aging population, we undertook this study to determine the extent of this behavioral manifestations as well as the associated ultrastructural changes in the amygdala. Rats of various age groups, adolescent, adult, and aged were tested for anxiety‐like behavior and the ultrastructure/presynaptic architecture of the central nucleus of amygdala (CNA) were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy (EM). Aged rats were consistently more anxious than the other groups as evidenced by their scores in the elevated plus maze. Morphometric EM analysis of axodendritic synapses revealed that the aged rats had a lower presynaptic area as well as number of synapses, but unexpectedly a higher number of presynaptic mitochondria in CNA. Since presynaptic mitochondria are known to provide the energy for neurotransmission, it may be concluded that compensatory mechanisms are still operational during aging, and hence, may be a target for therapeutic intervention at this stage of life span.
Latitudinal gradients in population growth do not reflect demographic responses to climate
Authors: DeMarche Megan L. , Bailes Graham , Hendricks Lauren B. , Pfeifer‐Meister Laurel , Reed Paul B. , Bridgham Scott D. , Johnson Bart R. , Shriver Robert , Waddle Ellen , Wroton Hannah , Doak Daniel F. , Roy Bitty A. , Morris William F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSpatial gradients in population growth, such as across latitudinal or elevational gradients, are often assumed to primarily be driven by variation in climate, and are frequently used to infer species’ responses to climate change. Here, we use a novel demographic, mixed‐model approach to dissect the contributions of climate variables vs. other latitudinal or local site effects on spatiotemporal variation in population performance in three perennial bunchgrasses. For all three species, we find that performance of local populations decreases with warmer and drier conditions, despite latitudinal trends of decreasing population growth toward the cooler and wetter northern portion of each species’ range. Thus, latitudinal gradients in performance are not predictive of either local or species‐wide responses to climate. This pattern could be common, as many environmental drivers, such as habitat quality or species’ interactions, are likely to vary with latitude or elevation, and thus influence or oppose climate responses.
Eating disorder pathology and compulsive exercise during the COVID‐19 public health emergency: Examining risk associated with COVID‐19 anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty
Authors: Scharmer Christina , Martinez Kimberly , Gorrell Sasha , Reilly Erin E. , Donahue Joseph M. , Anderson Drew A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveCOVID‐19 has led to disruptions in daily living and increased uncertainty about physical, financial, social, and psychological consequences, which may contribute to anxiety, eating disorder (ED) pathology, and compulsive exercise. Individual factors, such as intolerance of uncertainty, may impact risk for ED pathology and CE in response to COVID‐19 anxiety. The current study examined associations between COVID‐19 anxiety, trait intolerance of uncertainty, and COVID‐19 intolerance of uncertainty and ED pathology and compulsive exercise.MethodUndergraduate participants (N = 295) completed a series of online questionnaires between March and April of 2020.ResultsCOVID‐19 anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty were associated with ED pathology, but not compulsive exercise. Additionally, both trait and COVID‐19 intolerance of uncertainty moderated associations between COVID‐19 anxiety and compulsive exercise and ED pathology. COVID‐19 anxiety was more strongly related to compulsive exercise and ED pathology for individuals with lower intolerance of uncertainty.DiscussionCOVID‐19 anxiety may increase risk for ED pathology and may be specifically important in determining risk for ED pathology and compulsive exercise among individuals with lower intolerance of uncertainty. These results contribute to a growing body of research aimed at understanding the mental health consequences of the COVID‐19 and suggest that individual factors (e.g., anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty) are important in determining risk for ED pathology and compulsive exercise in the context of the pandemic.
Deer slow down litter decomposition by reducing litter quality in a temperate forest
Authors: Chollet Simon , Maillard Morgane , Schörghuber Juliane , Grayston Sue J. , Martin Jean‐Louis 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLitter decomposition is a key process that allows the recycling of nutrients within ecosystems. In temperate forests, the role of large herbivores in litter decomposition remains a subject of debate. To address this question, we used two litterbag experiments in a quasiexperimental situation resulting from the introduction of Sitka black‐tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis on forested islands of Haida Gwaii (Canada). We investigated the two main pathways by which deer could modify litter decomposition: change in litter quality and modification of decomposer communities. We found that deer presence significantly reduced litter mass loss after 1 yr, mainly through a reduction in litter quality. This mass loss reflected a 30 and 28% lower loss of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), respectively. The presence of deer also reduced the ability of decomposers to break down carbon, but not nitrogen. Indeed, litter placed on an island with deer lost 5% less carbon after 1 yr of decomposition than did litter decomposing on an island without deer. This loss in ability to decompose litter in the presence of deer was outweighed by the differences in mass loss associated with the effect of deer on litter quality. Additional effects of feces deposition by deer on the decomposition process were also significant but minor. These results suggest that the effects dramatic continental‐scale increases in deer populations may have on broad‐scale patterns of C and N cycling deserve closer attention.