bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of digestive cancers in a cohort of 69 460 five-year survivors of childhood cancer in Europe: the PanCareSurFup study
Authors: Reulen Raoul C , Wong Kwok F , Bright Chloe J , Winter David L , Alessi Daniela , Allodji Rodrigue M , Bagnasco Francesca , Bárdi Edit , Bautz Andrea , Byrne Julianne , Feijen Elizabeth AM , Fidler-Benaoudia Miranda M , Diallo Ibrahim , Garwicz Stanislaw , Grabow Desiree , Gudmundsdottir Thorgerdur , Guha Joyeeta , Haddy Nadia , Høgsholt Stine , Jankovic Moncilo , Kaatsch Peter , Kaiser Melanie , Kuonen Rahel , Linge Helena , Øfstaas Hilde , Ronckers Cecile M , Hau Eva-Maria , Skinner Roderick , van Leeuwen Flora E , Teepen Jop C , Veres Cristina , Zrafi Wael , Debiche Ghazi , Llanas Damien , Terenziani Monica , Vu-Bezin Giao , Wesenberg Finn , Wiebe Thomas , Sacerdote Carlotta , Jakab Zsuzsanna , Haupt Riccardo , Lähteenmäki Päivi M , Zadravec Zaletel Lorna , Kuehni Claudia E , Winther Jeanette F , de Vathaire Florent , Kremer Leontien C , Hjorth Lars , Hawkins Michael M 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundSurvivors of childhood cancer are at risk of subsequent primary neoplasms (SPNs), but the risk of developing specific digestive SPNs beyond age 40 years remains uncertain. We investigated risks of specific digestive SPNs within the largest available cohort worldwide.MethodsThe PanCareSurFup cohort includes 69 460 five-year survivors of childhood cancer from 12 countries in Europe. Risks of digestive SPNs were quantified using standardised incidence ratios (SIRs), absolute excess risks and cumulative incidence.Results427 digestive SPNs (214 colorectal, 62 liver, 48 stomach, 44 pancreas, 59 other) were diagnosed in 413 survivors. Wilms tumour (WT) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors were at greatest risk (SIR 12.1; 95% CI 9.6 to 15.1; SIR 7.3; 95% CI 5.9 to 9.0, respectively). The cumulative incidence increased the most steeply with increasing age for WT survivors, reaching 7.4% by age 55% and 9.6% by age 60 years (1.0% expected based on general population rates). Regarding colorectal SPNs, WT and HL survivors were at greatest risk; both seven times that expected. By age 55 years, 2.3% of both WT (95% CI 1.4 to 3.9) and HL (95% CI 1.6 to 3.2) survivors had developed a colorectal SPN—comparable to the risk among members of the general population with at least two first-degree relatives affected.ConclusionsColonoscopy surveillance before age 55 is recommended in many European countries for individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer, but not for WT and HL survivors despite a comparable risk profile. Clinically, serious consideration should be given to the implementation of colonoscopy surveillance while further evaluation of its benefits, harms and cost-effectiveness in WT and HL survivors is undertaken.
Urinary mutagenicity and oxidative status of wildland firefighters working at prescribed burns in a Midwestern US forest
Authors: Wu Chieh-Ming , Warren Sarah H , DeMarini David M , Song Chi (Chuck) , Adetona Olorunfemi 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveWildland firefighters (WLFFs) experience repeated exposures to wildland fire smoke (WFS). However, studies about WLFFs remain regionally limited. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of WFS exposure on urinary mutagenicity and cell oxidation among WLFFs who work at prescribed burns in the Midwestern USA.MethodsA total of 120 spot urine samples was collected from 19 firefighters right before (pre-shift), immediately after (post-shift), and the morning (next-morning) following work shifts on prescribed burn days (burn days) and regular workdays (non-burn days). The levels of urinary mutagenicity, 8-isoprostane, malondialdehyde and oxidised guanine species (Ox-GS) were measured. Linear mixed-effect models were used to determine the difference of cross-shift changes in the concentrations of urinary biomarkers.ResultsPost-shift levels of creatinine-corrected urinary mutagenicity and 8-isoprostane were non-significantly higher than pre-shift levels (1.16× and 1.64×; p=0.09 and 0.07) on burn days. Creatinine-corrected Ox-GS levels increased significantly in next-morning samples following WFS exposure (1.62×, p=0.03). A significant difference in cross-shift changes between burn and non-burn days was observed in 8-isoprostane (2.64×, p=0.03) and Ox-GS (3.00×, p=0.02). WLFFs who contained the fire (performed holding tasks) had a higher pre-morning to next-morning change in urinary mutagenicity compared with those who were lighting fires during the prescribed burns (1.56×, p=0.03).ConclusionsCompared with the other regions, WLFFs who worked in Midwestern forests had an elevated urinary mutagenicity and systemic oxidative changes associated with WFS exposure at prescribed burns.
Medical informed choice: understanding the element of time to meet the standard of care for valid informed consent
Authors: Paterick Zachary R , Paterick Timothy Edward , Paterick Barb Block 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMedical informed choice is essential for a physician meeting their fiduciary duty when proposing medical and surgical actions, and necessary for a patient to consent or cull the outlined therapeutic approaches. Informed choice, as part of a shared decision-making model, allows widespread give-and-take of ideas between the patient and physician. This sharing of ideas results in a partnership for decision-making and a responsibility for medical and surgical outcomes.Informed choice is indispensible to the patient education process that meets the desired outcome of any covenant—an offer of and acceptance of the proposed treatment. The covenant anchors a true patient–physician partnership with parity and equality in decision-making and medical/surgical outcomes.Medical informed choice flows from ethical and legal principles necessary to meet the acknowledged standard of care. This is codified by statute and fortified in general common law. This espouses a fiduciary relationship where the patient and physician understand and accede to the degree of autonomy the patient requests.The growth of an equal patient–physician relationship requires time. There is no alternative to the time variable when developing a physician–patient relationship. Despite physicians being under pressures to perform more clinical and administrative duties in less time in the corporate model of medicine, time remains the most critical variable when considering informed choice and shared decision-making. Videos, pamphlets and alternate healthcare providers cannot and should not substitute for physician time.
Sputum microbiota in adults with CF associates with response to inhaled tobramycin
Authors: Heirali Alya , Thornton Christina , Acosta Nicole , Somayaji Ranjani , Laforest Lapointe Isabelle , Storey Douglas , Rabin Harvey , Waddell Barbara , Rossi Laura , Arrieta Marie Claire , Surette Michael , Parkins Michael D 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundInhaled tobramycin powder/solution (TIP/S) use has resulted in improved clinical outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) with chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, TIP/S effect on the CF sputum microbiome has not been explored. We hypothesised that TIP/S has additional ‘off-target’ effects beyond merely P. aeruginosa and that baseline microbiome prior to initiation of therapy is associated with subsequent patient response.MethodsWe drew sputum samples from a prospectively collected biobank. Patients were included if they had one sputum sample in the 18 months before and after TIP/S. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene profiling was used to characterise the sputum microbiome.ResultsForty-one patients met our inclusion criteria and 151 sputum samples were assessed. At baseline, median age was 30.4 years (IQR 24.2–35.2) and forced expiratory volume in 1 (FEV1) second was 57% predicted (IQR 44–74). Nineteen patients were defined a priori as responders having no net decrease in FEV1 in the year following TIP/S. No significant changes were observed in key microbiome metrics of alpha (within-sample) or beta (between-sample) diversity for samples collected before and after TIP/S. However, significant beta-diversity (Bray-Curtis) differences were noted at baseline between patients based on response status. Notably, responders were observed to have a higher abundance of Staphylococcus in pretherapy baseline samples.ConclusionsOur longitudinal study demonstrates that the sputum microbiome of patients with CF is relatively stable following inhaled tobramycin over many months. Intriguingly, our findings suggest that baseline microbiome may associate with patient response to TIP/S—suggesting the sputum microbiome could be used to personalise therapy.
The $$^{229}$$Th isomer: prospects for a nuclear optical clock
Authors: von der Wense Lars , Seiferle Benedict 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe proposal for the development of a nuclear optical clock has triggered a multitude of experimental and theoretical studies. In particular the prediction of an unprecedented systematic frequency uncertainty of about$$10^{-19}$$10-19has rendered a nuclear clock an interesting tool for many applications, potentially even for a re-definition of the second. The focus of the corresponding research is a nuclear transition of the$$^{229}$$229Th nucleus, which possesses a uniquely low nuclear excitation energy of only$$8.12\pm 0.11$$8.12±0.11eV ($$152.7\pm 2.1$$152.7±2.1 nm). This energy is sufficiently low to allow for nuclear laser spectroscopy, an inherent requirement for a nuclear clock. Recently, some significant progress toward the development of a nuclear frequency standard has been made and by today there is no doubt that a nuclear clock will become reality, most likely not even in the too far future. Here we present a comprehensive review of the current status of nuclear clock development with the objective of providing a rather complete list of literature related to the topic, which could serve as a reference for future investigations.
Gauss–Bonnet inflation with a constant rate of roll
Authors: Gao Tie-Jun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the model of the inflaton nonminimal coupling to the Gauss–Bonnet term, we discuss the constant-roll inflation with constant $$\epsilon _1$$

ϵ
1

, constant $$\epsilon _2$$

ϵ
2

and constant $$\eta _H$$

η
H

, respectively, with the additional assumption that $$\delta _1$$

δ
1

is a constant. Using the Bessel function approximation, we get the analytical expressions for the scalar and tensor power spectrum and derive the scalar spectral index $$n_{\mathcal {R}}$$

n
R

and the tensor to scalar ratio r to the first order of $$\epsilon _1$$

ϵ
1

. By using the Planck 2018 observations constraint on $$n_{\mathcal {R}}$$

n
R

and r, we obtain some feasible parameter space and show the result on the $$n_{\mathcal {R}}-r$$

n
R

-
r

region. The scalar potential is also reconstructed in some special cases.
The holographic p + ip solution failed to win the competition in dRGT massive gravity
Authors: Nie Zhang-Yu , Hu Ya-Peng , Zeng Hui 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the holographic p-wave superfluid model with charged complex vector field is studied in dRGT massive gravity beyond the probe limit. The stability of p-wave and p + ip solutions are compared in the grand canonical ensemble. The p-wave solution always get lower value of grand potential than the p + ip solution, showing that the holographic system still favors an anisotropic (p-wave) solution even with considering a massive gravity theory in bulk. In the holographic superconductor models with dRGT massive gravity in bulk, a key scaling symmetry is found to be violated by fixing the reference metric parameter $$c_0$$

c
0

. Therefore, in order to get the dependence of condensate and grand potential on temperature, different values of horizon radius should be considered in numerical work. With a special choice of model parameters, we further study the dependence of critical back-reaction strength on the graviton mass parameter, beyond which the superfluid phase transition become first order. We also give the dependence of critical temperature on the back reaction strength b and graviton mass parameter $$m^2$$

m
2

.
A numerical method for computing optimum radii of host stars and orbits of planets, with application to Kepler-11, Kepler-90, Kepler-215, HD 10180, HD 34445 and TRAPPIST-1
Authors: Geroyannis V. S. 
Published: November 2020

In the so-called “global polytropic model”, we assume planetary systems in hydrostatic equilibrium and solve the Lane–Emden equation in the complex plane. We thus find polytropic spherical shells providing accommodation to planetary orbits. On the basis of this model, we develop a numerical method which can compute optimum values for the polytropic index of the global polytropic model that simulates the planetary system, for the orbits of the planets, and for the host star radius. We apply our method to the exoplanetary systems Kepler-11, Kepler-90, Kepler-215, HD 10180, HD 34445 and TRAPPIST-1.
BIOMECHANICAL EVALUATION OF RECONSTRUCTED EXTENSIVE MANDIBULAR DEFECTS BY DIFFERENT MODELS USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Authors: KARGARNEJAD SAHAND , GHALICHI FARZAN , POURGOL-MOHAMMAD MOHAMMAD , OSKUI I. Z. , GARAJEI ATA 
Published: November 2020

Rehabilitation of major mandibular defects after tumor resection has become a serious challenge for surgeons. In this research, four various models were designed to repair a critical mandibular lateral defect. Biomechanical behavior of the models was assessed by Finite Element Method. These models are including Fibular-Free Flap (FFF), Customized Prosthesis (CP), Tray Implant without Bone Graft (TI-wo-BG), and Tray Implant with Bone Graft (TI-w-BG). FFF is a subset of microvascular free flap technique in which some segments of patient’s fibula bone are used to restore mandibular defects. CP is a hollow and light prosthesis which is fabricated using Additive Manufacturing technology from Ti alloy powder. TI-wo-BG is similar to a crib which is designed according to the geometry of the patient’s mandible. TI-w-BG, in fact, is a TI-wo-BG which is filled with small cortico-cancellous chips in order to benefit potential profit of bone grafting. The chewing operation and loading on the mandible was simulated considering the three mandibular muscular forces including masseter, medial pterygoid, and temporalis. The result of FEM analysis of TI-wo-BG and TI-w-BG showed that in both models, screw number 6 endured a strain of 5684 and 2852[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m/m which exceeded pathological and mild overload risk, respectively. This may increase the probability of screw loosening and system failure. The results proved the stability of the FFF and CP models. In addition, it can be concluded that stress and strain on the screw’s interfaces can decrease by improving the plate and increasing the friction at the interface of plate, bone and screw.
The Effect of PVP Molecular Weight on Dissolution Behavior and Physicochemical Characterization of Glycyrrhetinic Acid Solid Dispersions
Authors: Sui Xiaoyu , Chu Yan , Zhang Jie , Zhang Honglian , Wang Huiyu , Liu Tingting , Han Cuiyan 
Published: November 2020

The effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as glycyrrhetic acid (GA) solid dispersions carrier at different molecular weights on the dissolution behavior and physicochemical properties was investigated. PVP-GA-SDs prepared with all four molecular weight PVPs displayed good enhancement of dissolution rate and equilibrium solubility compared with pure drug and corresponding physical mixtures. The results showed that the enhancement effect of molecular weight on dissolution rate and equilibrium solubility follows

PVP

K
30
>
PVP

K
60
>
PVP

K
17
>
PVP

K
15

. In addition, the dissolution rate and solubility of the SDs with a carrier-drug ratio of 8 : 1 were better than the samples of 4 : 1. The DSC and XRD patterns showed that the crystallization of GA in SDs prepared by PVP K30 and PVP K60 was significantly inhibited, and both were transformed to amorphous. Based on FTIR and Raman detection, a hydrogen-bond between PVP and drug molecules is formed. SEM results showed that there were no significant differences in the appearance of SDs prepared with four PVPs, and no crystalline morphology of GA was seen. In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrated that the dissolution performance of the PVP-GA-SDs prepared by the solvent method is related to the molecular weight of PVP, and the change in the molecular weight of PVP does not cause a monotonic change in dissolution of GA. The samples with PVP K30 as the carrier have the best dissolution performance.
Assessment of Heterogeneity in Heart Failure–Related Meta-Analyses
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Li Lin , Yasmin Farah , Khan Safi U. , Bajaj Navkaranbir S. , Pandey Ambarish , Murad M. Hassan , Fonarow Gregg C. , Butler Javed , Vaduganathan Muthiah 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Assessment of heterogeneity in meta-analyses is critical to ensure the consistency of pooled results. Therefore, we sought to assess the evaluation and reporting of heterogeneity in heart failure (HF) meta-analyses.

Methods:
Study level meta-analyses pertaining to HF were selected from January 2009 to July 2019, published in 11 high impact factor journals. We tabulated the overall proportion of the meta-analyses reporting statistical heterogeneity and specific metrics and methods employed to quantify and explore heterogeneity.

Results:

Of 126 HF meta-analyses (612 outcomes), heterogeneity was reported for 422 outcomes (68.9 %) in 108 meta-analyses. Out of the 422 outcomes reporting statistical heterogeneity, 137 outcomes (32.5%) had no observable heterogeneity: (
I
2
=0%), 40 outcomes (9.5%) had low heterogeneity (
I
2
<25%), 76 outcomes (18%) had moderate heterogeneity (
I

2

=25%–50%), and 169 outcomes (40%) had high heterogeneity (
I
2
>50%). Reporting of statistical heterogeneity was not significantly associated with year of publication, funding source, disclosure information, or the type of studies pooled. Sensitivity analysis (n=68) was the most common statistical technique employed to evaluate the source of heterogeneity followed by subgroup analyses (n=59) and meta-regression (n=40).

Conclusions:
Despite being an essential component of meta-analyses, heterogeneity was not reported for nearly 30% of outcomes and variably handled in contemporary HF meta-analyses. As meta-analyses increase across HF science, interpreting and handling of heterogeneity should be standardized.
Nighttime Blood Pressure Phenotype and Cardiovascular Prognosis
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Hoshide Satoshi , Mizuno Hiroyuki , Kabutoya Tomoyuki , Nishizawa Masafumi , Yoshida Tetsuro , Abe Hideyasu , Katsuya Tomohiro , Fujita Yumiko , Okazaki Osamu , Yano Yuichiro , Tomitani Naoko , Kanegae Hiroshi ,   On behalf of the JAMP Study Group
Published: November 2020

Background:
Ambulatory and home blood pressure (BP) monitoring parameters are better predictors of cardiovascular events than are office BP monitoring parameters, but there is a lack of robust data and little information on heart failure (HF) risk. The JAMP study (Japan Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Prospective) used the same ambulatory BP monitoring device, measurement schedule, and diary-based approach to data processing across all study centers and determined the association between both nocturnal hypertension and nighttime BP dipping patterns and the occurrence of cardiovascular events, including HF, in patients with hypertension.

Methods:
This practitioner-based, nationwide, multicenter, prospective, observational study included patients with at least 1 cardiovascular risk factor, mostly hypertension, and free of symptomatic cardiovascular disease at baseline. All patients underwent 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring at baseline. Patients were followed annually to determine the occurrence of primary end point cardiovascular events (atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and HF).

Results:

A total of 6,359 patients (68.6±11.7 years of age, 48% men) were included in the final analysis. During a mean±SD follow-up of 4.5±2.4 years, there were 306 cardiovascular events (119 stroke, 99 coronary artery disease, 88 HF). Nighttime systolic BP was significantly associated with the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and HF (hazard ratio adjusted for demographic and clinical risk factors per 20-mm Hg increase: 1.21 [95% CI, 1.03–1.41],
P
=0.017; and 1.36 [95% CI, 1.08–1.71],
P
=0.009, respectively). Disrupted circadian BP rhythm (riser pattern, nighttime BP higher than daytime BP) was significantly associated with higher overall cardiovascular disease risk (1.48 [95% CI, 1.05–2.08];
P
=0.024), and especially HF (2.45 [95% CI, 1.34–4.48];
P
=0.004) compared with normal circadian rhythm.

Conclusions:
Nighttime BP levels and a riser pattern were independently associated with the total cardiovascular event rate, in particular for HF. These findings suggest the importance of antihypertensive strategies targeting nighttime systolic BP.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/
; Unique identifier: UMIN000020377.
Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas and Aerosol Contributions to Extreme Temperature Changes during 1951–2015
Authors: Seong Min-Gyu , Min Seung-Ki , Kim Yeon-Hee , Zhang Xuebin , Sun Ying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study conducted a detection and attribution analysis of the observed global and regional changes in extreme temperatures during 1951–2015. HadEX3 observations were compared with multimodel simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) using an optimal fingerprinting technique. Annual maximum daily maximum and minimum temperatures (TXx and TNx; warm extremes) and annual minimum daily maximum and minimum temperatures (TXn and TNn; cold extremes) over land were analyzed considering global, continental, and subcontinental scales. Response patterns (fingerprints) of extreme temperatures to anthropogenic (ANT), greenhouse gases (GHG), aerosols (AA), and natural (NAT) forcings were obtained from CMIP6 forced simulations. The internal variability ranges were estimated from preindustrial control simulations. A two-signal detection analysis where the observations are regressed onto ANT and NAT fingerprints simultaneously reveals that ANT signals are robustly detected in separation from NAT over global and all continental domains (North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania) for most of the extreme indices. ANT signals are also detected over many subcontinental regions, particularly for warm extremes (more than 60% of 33 subregions). A three-signal detection analysis that considers GHG, AA, and NAT fingerprints simultaneously demonstrates that GHG signals are detected in isolation from other external forcings over global, continental, and several subcontinental domains especially for warm extremes, explaining most of the observed warming. Moreover, AA influences are detected for warm extremes over Europe and Asia, indicating significant offsetting cooling contributions. Overall, human influences are detected more frequently, compared to previous studies, particularly for cold extremes, due to the extended period and the improved spatial coverage of observations.