bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perfect combination of the expanded flap and 3D printing technology in reconstructing a child’s craniofacial region
Authors: Wang Yanni , Qi Hongyan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The reconstruction of large head and face missing structures in the craniofacial region in children is very challenging for plastic surgeons. Expanded local and expanded axial-pattern flaps are widely used for the reconstruction of large-area scars. Free flaps are used very cautiously in children. 3D printing technology is a new technology with great development potential. 3D printing technology is used to assist in individualizing titanium alloy restorations for prefabricated skull defect repair. This application has great advantages in the repair of large skull loss. However, it is crucial to choose appropriate techniques and treat deformities of the head and face with integrated approaches and collaboration among multiple departments.

Case presentation
This study proposes a method to combine the expanded flap method and 3D printing technology to achieve natural remodeling of the craniofacial region in a child.

Conclusion
Large area of head and face missing structures can be reconstructed by using expanded skin flaps combined with 3D printing, and patients can get better new faces.
Correction to: The interplay between HIF-1α and noncoding RNAs in cancer
Authors: Peng Xiafeng , Gao Han , Xu Rui , Wang Huiyu , Mei Jie , Liu Chaoying 
Published: March 2020

In the original publication of this manuscript [1], Fig. 2 contains incorrect labels and feedback loops. The revised version of Fig. 2 is shown below.
Rapid cognitive decline in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a case report
Authors: Forryan James , Yong Jun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe use of monoclonal antibodies in various settings has been linked to the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Whilst this association is well-described with agents such as rituximab and natalizumab, the literature describing the occurrence of PML with ofatumumab therapy (especially in a haematology setting) is sparse. This case aims to draw attention to the above association with a particular focus on the mechanisms by which B-cell-depleting therapy can precipitate PML during the treatment of haematological malignancy.Case presentationA 68-year-old Caucasian man presented with acute-on-subacute confusion and reduced mobility. He had a history of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia for which he had completed six cycles of ofatumumab and chlorambucil 2 months prior to presentation. Biochemistry, physical examination and imaging were unremarkable on admission. Subsequent neurological examination demonstrated diminished reflexes and an extensor right plantar, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment revealed white matter hyperintensities in the frontal lobes with restricted diffusion surrounding these areas. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis demonstrated normal cell counts and chemistry but detected John Cunningham virus (JCV) via polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with a quantitative value of 41,850 gEg/ml. CSF immunophenotyping excluded malignant processes. A diagnosis of PML was confirmed, and with the support of palliative care, the patient was discharged to a hospice for ongoing care with the family’s agreement.ConclusionPML remains a rare complication of ofatumumab treatment. Nevertheless, clinicians should maintain a certain level of suspicion for this risk, especially in the context of patients presenting with clinical syndromes of encephalopathy and focal neurologic deficits. Furthermore, research to better our understanding of the manifold links between B-cell function and JCV regulation could provide valuable information for use in the future prevention and treatment of PML.
Implementation strategies in emergency management of children: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Aregbesola Alex , Abou-Setta Ahmed M. , Jeyaraman Maya M. , Okoli George , Lam Otto , Sibley Kathryn M. , Klassen Terry P. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Behavior change is not simple, and the introduction of guidelines or protocols does not mean that they will be followed. As such, implementation strategies are vital for the uptake and sustainability of changes in medical protocols. Medical or mental emergencies may be life-threatening, especially in children due to their unique physiological needs. In emergency departments (EDs), where timely decisions are often made, practice change requires thoughtful considerations regarding the best approaches to implementation. As there are many studies reporting on a wide variety of implementation strategies in the emergency management of children in EDs, we aim to identify and map the characteristics of these studies.

Methods
We will conduct a scoping review to identify various implementation strategies in the emergency management of children using the Arksey and O’Malley framework. We will search MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Cochrane Central (Wiley), and CINAHL (Ebsco), from inception to May 29, 2019, for implementation studies among the pediatric population (≤ 21 years) in a pediatric emergency setting. Two pairs of reviewers will independently select studies for inclusion and extract the data. We will perform a descriptive, narrative analysis of the characteristics of the identified implementation strategies.

Discussion
We will present specific characteristics and outcome measures of all included studies in a tabular form. The results of this review are expected to help identify and characterize successful implementation strategies in the emergency management of children in EDs.

Systematic review registration
Open Science Framework https://osf.io/h6jv2
Necessity and feasibility of care training assistant robot (CaTARo) as shoulder complex joint with multi-DOF in elderly care education
Authors: Lee Miran , Ameyama Ko , Yamazoe Hirotake , Lee Joo-Ho 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAs the geriatric population expands, caregivers require more accurate training to handle and care for the elderly. However, students lack methods for acquiring the necessary skill and experience, as well as sufficient opportunities to practice on real human beings. To investigate the necessity and feasibility of care training assistant robots in care education, we developed a simulated robot as a shoulder complex joint with multi-DOF. In this study, five experts with years of experience in elderly care participated in the data-acquisition process, to acquire information on aspects such as the glenohumeral angle, as well as the sterno-clavicular joint and its torque. The experts performed three types of range-of-motion exercises: (i) elevation–depression of sterno-clavicular joint; (ii) extension and flexion of glenohumeral joint; (iii) lateral and medial rotation of glenohumeral joint. The experimental results showed that the quantitative results for all the exercises were significantly different between the experts. Moreover, we observed that even experienced professionals need consistent care education based on quantitative data and feedback. Thus, we confirmed the necessity and feasibility of the care training assistant robot for improving the skills required for elderly care.
Spatial and temporal drought incidence analysis in the northeastern highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonen Abebe Arega , Berlie Arega Bazezew , Ferede Mehrete Belay 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis study investigated the space-time drought incidence in the northeastern highlands of Ethiopia using monthly rainfall data. It also aims to predict drought events for 100 years. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was used to compute the drought severity classes of rainy months and seasons at 1-, 4- and 8-months timesteps. The Mann-Kendall’s test and Sen’s slope estimator were used to analyze the trends of drought events and to determine the magnitude of change. Inverse Distance Weighted spatial analysis tool was used to illustrate the spatial patterns of the drought risk events. The study detected extreme severe droughts in the belg rainy months in March 2008 and April 1984. However, during the belg season, the year 1999 was the driest for the recorded periods. On the other hand, the extremely severe droughts were observed during the kiremt rainy months of July 1987 and 2015, August 1984, and September 2009. In general, 1984, 1987 and 2015 were the driest years recorded in the kiremt season. The study noted that the drought risk events of months in the belg season were threefold greater than that of the months in kiremt season under moderate drought intensity class. Equally, the drought risk events of months in kiremt season were threefold greater than that of the belg season under extreme drought intensity class. Complex spatial variations of drought risk events were also observed in 1-, 4- and 8-months timesteps. During the belg seasons, the southern half was subjected to more frequent drought risk events while the northern half experienced more frequent drought risk events during kiremt season. Almost the eastern half of the livelihood zones experienced higher drought frequency events than the other parts in the 8-month timestep. The observed space-time drought risk event analysis has shown a potential threat to the rainfed agricultural practices that have a great influence on the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. Hence, documentation and assessment of drought risk events based on the livelihood zones are essential for drought risk management, early warning responses, local-scale planning and food security management. Finally, the study recommended further research on additional indices of climatic variables such as evapotranspiration and soil water content.
Diagnostic performance and cutoff value for the clock drawing test, semantic verbal fluency, and the short Boston Naming Test in community-dwelling educated older adults with neurocognitive disorders
Authors: ELbedewy Reem Mohamed Sabry , ELokl Mohamed 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Little is known regarding the standardized neuropsychological tests available in Arabic. The aim is to determine the diagnostic performance and the best cutoff value for the clock drawing test (CDT), animal category test of semantic verbal fluency (VF), and the short form of the Boston Naming Test (BNT) in identifying patients with mild and major neurocognitive disorders among community-dwelling educated Egyptian older adults using Arabic versions of those tests. Community-dwelling educated male and female older adults aged 60 years or older. Successive patients were attending the outpatient geriatrics clinic at the Ain Shams University Hospital during a 12-month study period from January to December 2016. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Informed consent to participate in the study was received from each participant and/or his/her next of kin. Patients and/or their next of kin who declined to participate were excluded, as were those who refused to complete the assessment.
A two-step protocol was followed. Step 1: Participants were divided into three groups according to DSM-V diagnostic criteria for neurocognitive disorders. The assessment of cognitive function included Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), patient’s current functional status regarding basic and instrumental activities of daily living by the Blessed Dementia Scale (BDS), and patient detailed history and examination based on protocol five of the CERAD assessment packet.
Step 2: The application of the Arabic versions of ELokl et al. 2001 VF test, the BNT, and the CD by a clinical psychologist blinded to the initial assessment results.

Results
In current study, AUC for CD, VF, and BN are 0.807, 0.77, and 0.753 respectively for mild NCD and 0.884, 0.877, and 0.839 respectively for major NCD while cutoff values for CD, VF, and BN are 2, 12, and 14 respectively for mild NCD and 2, 9, and 13 respectively for major NCD.

Conclusion
Verbal fluency, clock drawing, and Boston naming showed reasonable diagnostic performance in educated Egyptian elderly and should be considered separately or in combination for the assessment of cognitive function. Further research is warranted.
Phytocomponents from Anacardium occidentale, Psidium guajava, and Terminalia catappa altered membrane osmotic stability of sickle erythrocytes
Authors: Chikezie Paul C. , Ekeanyanwu Raphael C. , Chile-Agada Adaeze B. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
The present study identified, quantified, and characterized the combinations of phytocomponents from fractionated leaf extracts of Anacardium occidentale, Psidium guajava, and Terminalia catappa that stabilized sickle erythrocyte membrane against osmotic stress, or otherwise, using standard chromatographic-spectrophotometric techniques, namely GC-MS, FT-IR, and UV-visible systems.

Results
The percentage hemolysis of the control sample, in 0.9 g/100 mL NaCl, was 35.08 ± 11.64%, whereas those of the samples containing 40 mg/100 mL, 60 mg/100 mL, and 80 mg/100 mL of ethylacetate extracts of T. catappa ranged between 31.82 ± 8.32 and 39.18 ± 6.94%. Ethylacetate extract of T. catappa contained comparative high quantities of hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, 9,11-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, (E, E)-, trans-13-octadecenoic acid methyl ester, and methyl stearate. FT-IR and UV-visible spectra showed that ethylacetate extract of T. catappa contained aromatic compounds as well as nitro-compounds, phenolics, and esters.

Conclusion
To mention but a few, the combinations of major phytocomponents that stabilized sickle erythrocyte membrane against osmotic stress were hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 11-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, dibutyl phthalate, pentacosane, trans-13-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, whereas the minor phytocomponents include methyl tetradecanoate, methoxyacetic acid, 3-pentadecyl ester, methyl stearate, hexadecanoic acid, isoxazole, 4,5-dimethyl-.
Colorectal Cancer in Northern Tanzania: Increasing Trends and Late Presentation Present Major Challenges
Authors: Herman Ayesiga M. , Hawkins Alexander T. , Misso Kennedy , Issangya Christian , Tarmohamed Murad , Mremi Alex , Serventi Furaha , Msuya David , Philemon Rune 
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE A trend of increasing incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been observed in northern Tanzania. Studies have shown a six-fold increase in CRC in the past decade, with 90% of patients presenting in late stages, with resultant high morbidity and mortality rates. In this study, we aimed to document the burden of CRC in the northern zone of Tanzania from 1998 to 2018, focusing on patient presentation, clinical features, and treatment at a tertiary hospital. METHODS Pathological and clinical records for all patients from 1998 to 2018 were identified and reviewed. Records of patients whose CRC was diagnosed histologically were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Approximately 313 CRC cases were documented. The majority age group (29.1%) was between 50 and 64 years (mean [standard deviation], 54.28 [16.75] years). However, together, the age groups of patients younger than 50 years was 41.5% (n = 130). Of 174 patients with complete records, most (29.3%) were between 35 and 49 years of age. The median age was 52 (interquartile range, 40-67) years. Men accounted for 62.1% of patients and were mostly from the Kilimanjaro region. More than half (54.7%) presented > 3 months after symptom debut; 62.6% first sought care at lower-level health facilities. Most (64.9%) presented as emergencies, necessitating colostomy for fecal diversion as the initial surgical procedure in 60.3% of patients. Colonoscopy was performed for 38.6% of the study participants. Most tumors (72.7%) originated from the sigmoid and rectum. Adenocarcinoma was the most prevalent histologic type. CONCLUSION High proportions of young individuals with CRC pose great concern and a need for further appraisal. Furthermore, late emergency presentation and low colonoscopy rates highlights underlying system challenges and need for education campaigns.
Porozumienie Stronnictw Demokratycznych 1948-1950 – próba konsolidacji polskiej emigracji politycznej
Authors: Witalec Robert 
Published: March 2020

Agreement of Democratic Parties in the Years 1948-1950 – an Attempt to Consolidate the Milieu of Polish Political Immigration
After his arrival to London in 1947, Stanisław Mikołajczyk undertook endeavors to form a national committee, which would be a projection of the World War II quadruple agreement, which brought together Polish Peasant Party (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe), Polish Socialist Party (Polska Partia Socjalistyczna), Labor Party (Stronnictwo Pracy) and National Party (Stronnictwo Narodowe). The creation of the Agreement of Democratic Parties was to be the initial step towards the future cooperation and functioning. Yet the National Party was not interested in such cooperation and the Agreement turned out to be a weak entity, unable to conduct active policy among Polish emigration. Differences between parties proved to be too big a barrier, among others regarding the question of the legality of Polish government in exile. The final blow to Mikołajczyk’s concept was the creation of Political Council by National Party, Polish Socialist Party and the Polish Liberty Movement “Independence and Democracy” (Polski Ruch Wolnościowy „Niepodległość i Demokracja”).
Quality of palliative care in identified palliative care beds
Authors: Viel Erika , Vanoli André , Truong David , Harami Djamel , Filbet Marilène , Chaumier François , Tricou Colombe 
Published: March 2020

Background: Dedicated identified palliative care beds (IPCB) are unique to France. Aims: This study aimed to assess their use and advantages in a medical oncology department of a private provincial hospital. Findings: Of the last 100 patients who died in the medical oncology department, 57 had an IPCB. Those with an IPCB had a longer final hospital stay and significant advantages for them were access to pain evaluation by nurses and professional psychological support. Opioid use was higher, but not significantly so. There were no significant differences for the presence of close relatives, physiotherapy interventions, social workers or specific anti-cancer treatment in the last 15 days of life. Conclusion: This study shows some advantages for IPCB (treatment of pain, psychologist), which should be further explored. The length of the final hospital stay is controversial.
Treating skin conditions: a holistic approach in dermatology
Authors: Coleman Emma 
Published: March 2020

This article is a review of current evidence to both support and refute holistic approaches to dermatological cases, including analysis of data linked to psychodermatology, psychosocial and lifestyle influences. A case for taking an integrated approach adjuvant to traditional medicine in skin disease therapy, how this could save time, money and reduce pressure on resources will be discussed. Overall, the research is promising; however, there are gaps in knowledge and there is a need for long-term, larger scale studies in the future. Also, an improved understanding of the processes that lead to inflammatory cutaneous diseases in the future will enable practitioners to make better treatment choices.
How to Burn a Network or Spread Alarm
Authors: Simon Marek , Huraj Ladislav , Dirgova Luptakova Iveta , Pospichal Jiri 
Published: March 2020

This paper compares centrality indices usage within a heuristic method for a fast spread of alarm, or crucial information. Such indices can be used as a core part within more sophisticated optimisation methods, which should determine a graph parameter - burning number, defining, how fast can an alarm spread through all nodes. In this procedure at each time step a new chosen node is alarmed (i.e. burned) “from outside”, and already alarmed nodes at each time step then alarm their neighbours. The procedure ends, when all the nodes are alarmed (i.e. burned). The optimisation heuristic should choose such ordered sequence of nodes, which are to be alarmed “from outside”, that their number, equal the number of time steps (i.e. burning number) necessary to alarm the whole network, is minimised. The NP completeness of the problem necessitates a usage of heuristics. However, even the heuristics can be slower, reaching towards a global optimum, or faster, exchanging part of the quality for a time. This paper studies the usage of centrality indices in a simpler and faster heuristic. It should be useful e.g. for a mobile network of cars or drones, when an optimal solution cannot be computed in advance, or take too much CPU time, since the connections within the dynamic network might not exist any longer. A wide range of centrality indices was tested on selected networks, both real as well as artificially generated. While the performances of indices substantially differ for different types of networks, results show, which centrality indices work well across all tested networks.
Fiddler Afn Dakh (Fiddler on the Roof ), music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, book by Joseph Stein, Yiddish translation by Shraga Friedman, directed by Joel Grey
Authors: Osatinski Amy S. 
Published: March 2020

Review of: Fiddler Afn Dakh (Fiddler on the Roof), music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, book by Joseph Stein, Yiddish translation by Shraga Friedman, directed by Joel Grey
Stage 42, New York, 21 March 2019
Granulation Red Index To Assess Pressure Ulcer Granulation Tissue Quality Treated By Honey Gauze Dressing By Digital Image Analysis
Authors: Fortuna Fory , Putri Nandita Melati , Sudjatmiko Gentur 
Published: March 2020

Background : Good formation of granulation tissue in the ulcer bed is regarded as one of the indicators of pressure ulcer healing. Granulation red index (GRI) had been published as an objective parameter to assess the quality of granulation tissue. Honey stimulates granulation of tissue and creates a moist healing environment. However, the assessment of granulation tissue quality of pressure ulcers treated by honey has yet to be proven in clinical settings. In this study, we evaluate the granulation tissue quality of pressure ulcers treated by honey using granulation red index by digital image analyses.
Method: There were 12 subjects who fulfill inclusion criteria treated by honey gauze dressing and were evaluated every week for three times measurements of %GRI and DESIGN-­‐score. Parameters of this study were the delta %GRI80 and DESIGN-­‐R score. Correlations were evaluated by Spearman’s correlation coefficient.
Result : The correlation of delta GRI80% and DESIGN-­‐R score was statistically significant from baseline measurement to first week of treatment and to second week of treatment (r1=0.65, p1=0.02 and r3=0.832, p2=0.001). The correlation of delta GRI80% and DESIGN-­‐R score from first to second week therapy was not statistically significant (r=0.23, p=0.47), but the GRI80% from first week therapy to second week of therapy was increasing and DESIGN R score was decreasing.
Conclusion:This study shows the correlation of %GRI80 and DESIGN-­‐R score of pressure ulcer after the treatment of honey gauze dressing. This study hopefully assists further study for wound bed preparation assessment and treatment of pressure ulcer for surgical intervention.