bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scalable Substitutional Re‐Doping and its Impact on the Optical and Electronic Properties of Tungsten Diselenide
Authors: Kozhakhmetov Azimkhan , Schuler Bruno , Tan Anne Marie Z. , Cochrane Katherine A. , Nasr Joseph R. , El‐Sherif Hesham , Bansal Anushka , Vera Alex , Bojan Vincent , Redwing Joan M. , Bassim Nabil , Das Saptarshi , Hennig Richard G. , Weber‐Bargioni Alexander , Robinson Joshua A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractReliable, controlled doping of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides will enable the realization of next‐generation electronic, logic‐memory, and magnetic devices based on these materials. However, to date, accurate control over dopant concentration and scalability of the process remains a challenge. Here, a systematic study of scalable in situ doping of fully coalesced 2D WSe2 films with Re atoms via metal–organic chemical vapor deposition is reported. Dopant concentrations are uniformly distributed over the substrate surface, with precisely controlled concentrations down to <0.001% Re achieved by tuning the precursor partial pressure. Moreover, the impact of doping on morphological, chemical, optical, and electronic properties of WSe2 is elucidated with detailed experimental and theoretical examinations, confirming that the substitutional doping of Re at the W site leads to n‐type behavior of WSe2. Transport characteristics of fabricated back‐gated field‐effect‐transistors are directly correlated to the dopant concentration, with degrading device performances for doping concentrations exceeding 1% of Re. The study demonstrates a viable approach to introducing true dopant‐level impurities with high precision, which can be scaled up to batch production for applications beyond digital electronics.
Triantennary GalNAc Molecular Imaging Probes for Monitoring Hepatocyte Function in a Rat Model of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Mishra Anurag , Castañeda Tamara R. , Bader Erik , Elshorst Bettina , Cummings Sheila , Scherer Petra , Bangari Dinesh S. , Loewe Claudia , Schreuder Herman , Pöverlein Christoph , Helms Mike , Jones Seth , Zech Gernot , Licher Thomas , Wagner Michael , Schudok Manfred , de Hoop Meltsje , Plowright Alleyn T. , Atzrodt Jens , Kannt Aimo , Laitinen Iina , Derdau Volker 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease that can lead to irreversible liver cirrhosis and cancer. Early diagnosis of NASH is vital to detect disease before it becomes life‐threatening, yet noninvasively differentiating NASH from simple steatosis is challenging. Herein, bifunctional probes have been developed that target the hepatocyte‐specific asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), the expression of which decreases during NASH progression. The results show that the probes allow longitudinal, noninvasive monitoring of ASGPR levels by positron emission tomography in the newly developed rat model of NASH. The probes open new possibilities for research into early diagnosis of NASH and development of drugs to slow or reverse its progression.
Can arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biochar enhance plant resistance to low‐temperature stress?
Authors: Yan Ping , Li Geng , Sun Haoqi , Zhang Zhenhua , Yang Runya , Sun Junna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractImproving plant resistance to abiotic stress, such as low temperature, is conducive to plant normal growth and development. The aim of this study was to clarify whether arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and biochar have a synergistic effect on plant growth and resistance to low‐temperature stress in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). A pot experiment was conducted to measure the effects of AMF (Glomus intraradices) inoculation, biochar addition (4%, w/w), and their combination on the biomass, inorganic ion contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, and osmotic regulator contents in L. perenne plants growing under room temperature and low temperature conditions. A saline soil with the total salt content of 5.21 g kg–1 was used in the experiment. Results showed that the AMF‐only treatment decreased biomass growth under room temperature condition, whereas the biochar‐only treatment increased total biomass under low temperature condition. The combined treatment with AMF and biochar evidently increased biomass growth via a synergistic effect under both room temperature and low temperature conditions. Under low‐temperature stress, the AMF‐ and biochar‐only treatments increased proline content in the plant leaves. Meanwhile, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities were enhanced substantially in the AMF‐only group compared to the control group. The combined treatment with AMF and biochar considerably increased catalase activity and proline content and reduced malondialdehyde content in the plant leaves under low‐temperature stress. In conclusion, AMF and biochar exhibited a synergistic effect in promoting plant growth of L. perenne and played a role in improving plant resistance to low‐temperature stress in the saline soil.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Azides with Internal Alkynes
Authors: Ma Jiahao , Ding Shengtao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMetal‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reactions represent the most convenient and atom‐economic way to construct robust 1,2,3‐triazole units. Remarkable copper‐ and ruthenium‐based catalytic systems have been well established for regioselective preparation of 1,4‐ and 1,5‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles, both of which have been widely utilized in various areas. In comparison, exploitation of efficient methods to promote the cycloaddition of azides with internal alkynes to afford 1,4,5‐trisubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole motifs with high regioselectivity is still challenging and attractive. This review provides a thorough summary of the developments in metal‐catalyzed cycloaddition of azides with internal alkynes. Besides discussions about mechanism and scope, applications of these strategies were also briefly overviewed.
Age‐related changes in chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) cognition: Cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses
Authors: Hopkins William D. , Mareno Mary C. , Neal Webb Sarah J. , Schapiro Steven J. , Raghanti Mary A. , Sherwood Chet C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChimpanzees are the species most closely related to humans, yet age‐related changes in brain and cognition remain poorly understood. The lack of studies on age‐related changes in cognition in chimpanzees is particularly unfortunate in light of the recent evidence demonstrating that this species naturally develops Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. Here, we tested 213 young, middle‐aged, and elderly captive chimpanzees on the primate cognitive test battery (PCTB), a set of 13 tasks that assess physical and social cognition in nonhuman primates. A subset of these chimpanzees (n = 146) was tested a second time on a portion of the PCTB tasks as a means of evaluating longitudinal changes in cognition. Cross‐sectional analyses revealed a significant quadratic association between age and cognition with younger and older chimpanzees performing more poorly than middle‐aged individuals. Longitudinal analyses showed that the oldest chimpanzees at the time of the first test showed the greatest decline in cognition, although the effect was mild. The collective data show that chimpanzees, like other nonhuman primates, show age‐related decline in cognition. Further investigations into whether the observed cognitive decline is associated with AD pathologies in chimpanzees would be invaluable in understanding the comparative biology of aging and neuropathology in primates.
Human engagement and great ape conservation in Africa
Authors: Bettinger Tammie , Cox Debby , Kuhar Chris , Leighty Katherine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDespite large investments of funding into great ape conservation in Africa, wild populations of gorillas (Gorilla ssp), chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ssp) and bonobos (Pan paniscus) continue to decline. Causes for this decline fall into three broad categories: habitat loss, illegal hunting, and disease. Contributing factors to all of these causes are linked to pressure from the expanding human population competing for forest resources. We have moved beyond the time of debating the pros and cons of including human engagement activities in conservation. If humans are part of the problem, they must also be part of the solution. To move our understanding of which human engagement activities are effective, what methodologies are being used and best practices for setting up a successful framework, we interviewed practitioners representing 53 projects working in great ape habitat in Africa. The interviewees represented almost 900 years of experience with African great ape conservation. We found that all practitioners agreed that for conservation to succeed, projects must engage with humans utilizing resources from great ape habitats. However, evaluation of such work was elusive. Projects that employed at least one person designated as an educator were more likely to have structured programs, regular engagement activities, and to evaluate their work. To date, little information on the success or failure of the activities has been published, thus perpetuating the problem of relying on personal experience rather than evidence when developing new engagement programs. Additionally, linking human engagement activities to biological impact remains a challenge. The results presented in this paper demonstrate the importance placed on human engagement activities to effectively conserve great apes in Africa while at the same time identifies gaps in our understanding on the link between such activities and project success.
Nickel‐Catalyzed, Regio‐ and Enantioselective Benzylic Alkenylation of Olefins with Alkenyl Bromide
Authors: Liu Jiandong , Gong Hegui , Zhu Shaolin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA NiH‐catalyzed migratory hydroalkenylation reaction of olefins with alkenyl bromides has been developed, affording benzylic alkenylation products with high yields and excellent chemoselectivity. The mild conditions of the reaction preclude olefinic products from undergoing further isomerization or subsequent alkenylation. Catalytic enantioselective hydroalkenylation of styrenes was achieved by using a chiral bisoxazoline ligand.
Insights into the Redox Chemistry of Organosulfides Towards Stable Molecule Design in Nonaqueous Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Zhang Leyuan , Zhao Bochen , Zhang Changkun , Yu Guihua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNonaqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) have great potential to achieve high‐energy storage systems. However, they have been limited by low solubility and poor stability of active materials. Here we demonstrate organosulfides as a new‐type model material system to explore the rational design of redox‐active molecules in nonaqueous systems. The tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TETD) molecule shows high solubility in various common organic solvents and achieves a high reversible capacity of ca. 50 Ah L−1 at a high concentration of 1 M. The resonance structures in the reduced product endow the molecule with high electrochemical stability in different organic electrolytes. The underlying mechanism in redox chemistry of organodisulfides involving the cleavage and reformation of disulfide bonds is revealed by material/structural characterizations. This study provides a new perspective of molecule designs for the development of redox‐active materials for high‐performance nonaqueous RFBs.
Insights into the Capacity and Rate Performance of Transition‐Metal Coordination Compounds for Reversible Lithium Storage
Authors: Du Jia , Ren Jie , Shu Miao , Xu Xiufang , Niu Zhiqiang , Shi Wei , Si Rui , Cheng Peng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCoordination compounds are well‐known compounds that are being used as new materials for lithium storage because of their unique advantages, that is, designable structures, abundant active sites, and facile as well as mild synthetic routes. However, the electrode stability, low rate performance, and cycle life of coordination compounds are currently the main issues preventing their application as electrode materials, and the lithium‐storage mechanism in coordination networks is not well understood. Herein, isostructural one‐dimensional coordination compounds were synthesized to study their lithium‐storage performance. Co‐HIPA and Ni‐HIPA showed superior electrolyte stability than other M‐HIPAs, and Co‐HIPA displayed a superior reversible capacity and cycle stability, excellent rate performance, and clear voltage platform. DFT calculations and kinetic analysis revealed the influence of the metal center with different electronic structures on the lithium‐storage mechanism.
Diterpen‐Biosynthese in Catenulispora acidiphila: Über den Mechanismus der Catenul‐14‐en‐6‐ol‐Synthase
Authors: Li Geng , Guo Yue‐Wei , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEine neue Diterpensynthase aus dem Actinomyceten Catenulispora acidiphila wurde identifiziert und die Strukturen ihrer Produkte wurden aufgeklärt, einschließlich der absoluten Konfigurationen, die durch enantioselektive Deuterierung ermittelt wurden. Der Mechanismus der kationischen Terpencyclisierungskaskade wurde mit isotopenmarkierten Substraten und mit Substratanaloga mit partiell blockierter Reaktivität studiert. Letztere lieferten Abbruchprodukte, die detaillierte Einblicke in die Intermediate entlang der Kaskadenreaktion gaben. Untersuchungen zu ihrer Chemie erlaubten die biomimetische Synthese eines diterpenoiden Analogons eines bromierten Sesquiterpens aus der Rotalge Laurencia microcladia.
α‐SnF2: A UV Birefringent Material with Large Birefringence and Easy Crystal Growth
Authors: Guo Jingyu , Tudi Abudukadi , Han Shujuan , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe simple binary fluoride α‐SnF2 is shown to be an excellent birefringent material with outstanding birefringence, about 14 times that of MgF2. Furthermore, it exhibits a shorter UV cutoff edge and easy crystal growth at ambient temperature compared to YVO4 and TiO2. A novel theoretical calculation mode was established to analyze the stereochemical‐activity lone‐pair (SCALP) contribution to the birefringence (SCB) based on the SCALP′s strength and arrangement, and it was found that the large birefringence of α‐SnF2 mainly benefits from well‐aligned [SnF5] polyhedra with a strong SCALP. The exploration of the α‐SnF2 birefringent crystal points out the direction of the future search for excellent birefringent materials.
Strategies for Mitigating Dissolution of Solid Electrolyte Interphases in Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Le Anh , Naylor Andrew J. , Nyholm Leif , Younesi Reza 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe interfacial reactions in sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are not well understood yet. The formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in SIBs is still challenging due to the higher solubility of the SEI components compared to lithium analogues. This study therefore aims to shed light on the dissolution of SEI influenced by the electrolyte chemistry. By conducting electrochemical tests with extended open circuit pauses, and using surface spectroscopy, we determine the extent of self‐discharge due to SEI dissolution. Instead of using a conventional separator, β‐alumina was used as sodium‐conductive membrane to avoid crosstalk between the working and sodium‐metal counter electrode. The relative capacity loss after a pause of 50 hours in the tested electrolyte systems ranges up to 30 %. The solubility of typical inorganic SEI species like NaF and Na2CO3 was determined. The electrolytes were then saturated by those SEI species in order to oppose ageing due to the dissolution of the SEI.
Self‐healing polymer blend based onPETGandEMAA
Authors: Silva Philipe A. P. , da Silva Aline Bruna , Santos João Paulo Ferreira , Oréfice Rodrigo Lambert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this work, novel immiscible polymer blends with remarkable self‐healing properties were developed. The blends are based on poly(ethylene glycol‐co‐cyclohexane‐1,4‐dimethanol terephthalate) (PETG), a nonself‐healing polymer, and the ionomer sodium‐neutralized poly(ethylene‐co‐methacrylic acid) (EMAA), with self‐healing abilities. The ratios of (PETG)/ (EMAA) was varied from 0 to 100% (w/w) and mixtures were prepared using a twin‐screw melt extrusion. The blend studied compositions were characterized by scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis and self‐repair tests. The results revealed that blends samples were able to self‐repair damages created by Vickers microhardness indentations. The self‐repair is presented through video records where the establishment of scars in the damaged area can be observed. For the composition 50/50 (w/w), the whole repair was observed due the synergic effect between polymer chain mobility, new chemical interactions promoted between PETG and EMAA, thus improving its self‐healing ability.
Construal level theory and risky decision making following near‐miss events
Authors: Kirshner Samuel N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNear‐miss events, which occur when failure is avoided by chance, can lead to subsequent risky decisions due to base‐rate neglect. According to construal level theory, a lower level construal increases the neglect of base rates by giving more weight to case‐specific information. In four studies, I empirically test the hypothesis that low‐level construals moderate evaluations and decisions following near‐miss events by increasing the reliance on case information. In Study 1, I find that a higher construal correlates with negative assessments of a project manager responsible for a near‐miss incident. In Study 2, I prime participants to have a high‐ or low‐level construal and find that the manager evaluations in the low construal group are higher than evaluations of those in the high construal group. In Study 3, I examine whether construal levels impact decision making in personal contexts regarding natural disasters and provide evidence for the underlying mechanism of base‐rate neglect. In Study 4, I show that the construal levels affect decision making given that near‐miss information extends to variations in the temporal distance to near‐miss information. Thus, I find support that construal levels systematically influence evaluations and decision making following near‐miss events.
Skipping sex: A nonrecombinant genomic assemblage of complementary reproductive modules
Authors: Hojsgaard Diego , Schartl Manfred 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe unusual occurrence and developmental diversity of asexual eukaryotes remain a puzzle. De novo formation of a functioning asexual genome requires a unique assembly of sets of genes or gene states to disrupt cellular mechanisms of meiosis and gametogenesis, and to affect discrete components of sexuality and produce clonal or hemiclonal offspring. We highlight two usually overlooked but essential conditions to understand the molecular nature of clonal organisms, that is, a nonrecombinant genomic assemblage retaining modifiers of the sexual program, and a complementation between altered reproductive components. These subtle conditions are the basis for physiologically viable and genetically balanced transitions between generations. Genomic and developmental evidence from asexual animals and plants indicates the lack of complementation of molecular changes in the sexual reproductive program is likely the main cause of asexuals' rarity, and can provide an explanatory frame for the developmental diversity and lability of developmental patterns in some asexuals as well as for the discordant time to extinction estimations.
Tissue distribution and molecular docking research on the active components of Bidens bipinnata L. against hyperlipidemia
Authors: Zhuang Guo , Wang Yu‐Qing , Li Shu‐Jiao , Jiang Xu , Wang Xiao‐Yu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBidens bipinnata L. is a folk medicinal plant in China that shows significant antihyperlipidemia effectiveness. However, studies of the underlying mechanism study are lacking. In order to explore the potential action sites and the underlying mechanism of treating hyperlipidemic, this work undertook tissue distribution and molecular docking research on the markers of B. bipinnata L., which were obtained through serum pharmacochemistry and network database retrieval. The results showed that seven compounds (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, rutin, hyperoside, bipinnate polyacetylenicloside, luteolin and quercetin) were screened out as markers. Owing to the diversity of chemical structures, they exhibited an inconsistent trend in tissue distribution. However, all of them had high levels in the liver and no specific distribution in other tissues. More interestingly, seven proteins—HMGCR (1HWK), NR3C1 (4P6W), CYP1A2 (2HI4), RXRA (4PP3), CES1 (1MX1), HSD11B1 (2RBE) and CYP1A1 (4I8V)—showed significant binding affinity with three or more markers, suggesting that they may be the target proteins of B. bipinnata L. This study preliminarily sheds light on the tissue distribution and targets of B. bipinnata L., providing some useful information on the underlying mechanisms of the antihyperlipidemia effect.
Metabolic profiling of Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures at different working volumes and agitation speeds using spin tube reactors
Authors: Torres Mauro , Elvin Mark , Betts Zeynep , Place Svetlana , Gaffney Claire , Dickson Alan J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCulture systems based on spin tube reactors have been consolidated in the development of manufacturing processes based on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Despite their widespread use, there is little information about the consequences of varying operational setting parameters on the culture performance of recombinant CHO cell lines. Here, we investigated the effect of varying working volumes and agitation speeds on cell growth, protein production, and cell metabolism of two clonally derived CHO cell lines (expressing an IgG1 and a “difficult‐to‐express” fusion protein). Interestingly, low culture volumes increased recombinant protein production and decreased cell growth, while high culture volumes had the opposite effect. Altering agitation speeds exacerbated or moderated the differences observed due to culture volume changes. Combining low agitation rates with high culture volumes suppressed growth and recombinant protein production in CHO cells. Meanwhile, high agitation rates narrowed the differences in culture performance between low and high working volumes. These differences were also reflected in cell metabolism, where low culture volumes enhanced oxidative metabolism (linked to a productive phenotype) and high culture volume generated a metabolic profile that was predominately glycolytic (linked to a proliferative phenotype). Our findings indicate that the culture volume influence on metabolism modulates the balance between cell growth and protein production, a key feature that may be useful to adjust CHO cells toward a more productive phenotype.