bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rebracketing (Gliederungsverschiebung) and the Early Merge Principle
Authors: Weiß Helmut 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe concept ofGliederungsverschiebung(rebracketing) was introduced by the Neogrammarians and it is probably the first explanation of syntactic change proper. Originally, it was conceived of to explain the emergence of the complementizerdass“that”, which was held to go back to a demonstrative pronoun that refers cataphorically to a following main clause and which was eventually reanalyzed as introducing the second clause. This paper presents several examples of rebracketing (mainly from various stages of German) and argues that rebracketing is only possible if the clause whose boundary is shifted is embedded under and selected by a lexical head that is eventually reanalyzed as a complementizer. This condition on rebracketing follows from the fact that otherwise, the respective clause would be a phase and no longer accessible for operations from outside (thus excluding rebracketing). Additionally, the paper argues that rebracketing is economy-driven in that it minimizes the structure and it is motivated by the Principle of Early Merge that applies whenever no further movement follows.
Quantum Interpretation of Light Normalization at the Coupling Region Single Mode Fiber Coupling
Authors: Irawan Dedi , Saktioto  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper describes light normalization phenomenon as a quantum interpretation at the coupling region optical fiber coupler. Two single mode fibers (SMF) were succefully fabricated together based on fusion method at heating temperature of 1350°C and stopped automatically when the pre-set coupling ratio of 50% and 50% obtained. During fusion process, 1 mW laser diode was inserted to the one of the two input ports, and it was gradually transferred to the second fiber as function of the coupling coefficient. The properties of light intensity in term of electromagnetic wave also was determined based on quantum mechanics theory by utilizing Bassel and Hankel’s functions. The results show that the composite fiber has higher normalization propagation constant than other fiber for wavelength below 1320 nm. It found that to get lossless fiber coupler the wavelength operation should be below than 1320 nm so that few powers at cores transferred and propagated at the cladding.
The Effects of Different Activation Agents on the Physical and Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Electrodes Produced from Banana Stem Fiber
Authors: Taer E , Yusra D A , Apriwandi  , Awitdrus  , Taslim R , Agustino  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study focuses on the effects of chemical activation materials on the physical and electrochemical properties of carbon electrodes made from banana stem fiber. The carbon electrodes were activated with different activators such as KOH, NaOH and ZnCl2 at a constant concentration of 0.5 M. Also, the electrodes were carbonized at a temperature of 550°C followed by a physical activation process using CO2 at 900°C for 2.5 hour, after which the density, surface morphology, element contents, degree of crystallinity and surface area of carbon electrodes were analyzed. In general, the activator used determines both the physical and electrochemical properties of the electrodes. Also, activating materials have the capacity to improve the physical properties of the samples as well as increase its specific capacitance. According to this research, AC-ZnCl2 shows better physical and electrochemical properties having a specific capacitance as high as 130 F g−1.
Optimation of Capacitor Bank Placement in Electric Network Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Arlenny  , Zondra Elvira , Zulfahri  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Minimizing losses in electric network should be considered the placing a shunt capacitor, the voltage level on each bus, the size and number of shunt capacitors to be used, and the supply of maximum and minimum of generator power. This paper is conducted the determination of location and size of shunt capacitor to be allocated in electric power transmission networks. The simulation using Genetic Algorithms (GA) method was applied to solve the problem of reactive power compensation optimation. To find out amount of compensation for voltage drop and power losses that occur in the system, a load flow analysis was performed using the Newton-Raphson method. The result of capacitor placement and capacitor capacity were shown the highest voltage conditions on bus 4 of 1.050 Mvar and the lowest on bus 24 of 9.69 Mvar. The optimization system was revealed the total losses system of 12.793 MW with a total generation cost of 15447.44 $/h for the capacitor reduction size of 18.8 Mvar. Therefore, the system can save 6.2 Mvar’s capacitors.
Smart Monitoring Temperature and Humidity of the Room Server Using Raspberry Pi and Whatsapp Notifications
Authors: Kurniawan Dwi Ely , Iqbal Mohd , Friadi John , Borman Rohmat Indra , Rinaldi Rio 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The server room is a room that stores data, there is company information (Data Center). Hot server room conditions can cause performance on the device and network to decrease. Therefore an admin must keep the server space stable so that the server and network performance is maintained. The temperature monitoring system can be used to monitor temperature and humidity in the server room. In addition, it provides a response to reduce the temperature if there is a temperature increase in the server room. This study uses the Internet of Thing (IoT), which is a device used by the Raspberry Pi and Wemos DHT Shield wireless sensor as a device that is able to read the temperature and humidity conditions of the room. Temperature and humidity log data is stored in the MySQL database, then displayed in a chart diagram in real time. IoT response based on predetermined temperature standards by giving notifications to users via Whatsapp Application on mobile devices.
Analysis of performance comparison between Software-Based iSCSI SAN and Hardware-Based iSCSI SAN
Authors: Kurniawan Dwi Ely , Ahmad Imam , Ridho Muhammat Rasid , Hidayat Fendi , Anggra Js Ahmad 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Nowadays computer data grows rapidly and make a lot of institutions and companies looking for storage solutions that are safe, reliable and trustworthy. One of the solutions is to implement a Storage Area Network (SAN). In this study, the authors chose the iSCSI protocol as an object for analyzing the performance of the SAN server based on software and hardware. The RAID type used are RAID 5 and RAID 10, while the parameters used are Input Output per Second (IOPS), throughput and average latency with workloads 4 KB, 8 KB, and 256 KB. The tests performed on the network running Link Aggregation (LAG) or network without LAG. From the test results, it is seen that a SAN network running LAG have increased throughput by 89.57 MBps. The best IOPS performance was achieved by Software-Based iSCSI SAN with a value of 26729.48 IOPS. The best throughput performance is achieved by Hardware-Based iSCSI SAN with a value of 118.55MBps. The best latency performance achieved by Software-Based iSCSI SAN with a value of 2.01ms.
Coating Hydroxyapatite on 316L Stainless Steel Using Electroforesis Deposition Method
Authors: Fadli Ahmad , Komalasari  , Indriyani Ines 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStainless steel 316L is a metal which used as bone plate, however this metal has low biocompatibility in a human body. For increasing their biocompatibility, the stainless steel 316L need to be coated with hydroxyapatite (HA). The purpose of this research is to study the effect of applied voltage and deposition time on the properties of HA coated 316L stainless steel. Stainless steel 316L was cut into 20×20×1 mm3dimension then HA solution was prepared in ethanol solution used magnetic stirrer for 2 hours and 200 rpm. The HA powder was deposited by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) using carbon as anode and stainless steel 316L as cathode. Powder was coated on stainless steel substrate at 40, 50 and 60 volt and deposition time 10, 20, and 30 minutes. Thickness of HA layer on substrate increased, as the time deposition increased with resultof 35 μm, 50 μm and 60 μm at deposition 50 volt and deposition time of 10, 20 and 30 minutes. Thickness HA coatings can decrease the corrosion of stainless steel, in deposition time 10, 20, and 30 minutes is 0.91, 0.704, and 0.56 mpy. at applied voltage 50 volt and deposition time 30 minutes was obtained suitable for bone plate.
The Development of MOOC Media to Increase Recall Memory Skill on Physics at Vocational High School
Authors: Busri Eldwita , Zulirfan  , Fakhruddin  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The learning media is one of facilities in order to achieve the purpose of physics subject. The aim of this study is to develop online learning media web-based which known as MOOC (Masive Open Online Coursuse). This Physics MOOC consists of students and teacher page (admin), on the students page consists of three main menu; module, quiz and score, while the teacher page consists of 5 main menu; class, students data, module, quiz and students score. Physics MOOC provides online learning that can be accessed whenever and wherever, using either android or PC so that it facilitates students and teacher do learning process without face to face. The result of this study is determined by the implementation of physics online learning web-based without face to face between teacher and students.
Analysis of Attenuation Compensation Using Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers on Wavelength Division Multiplexing Networks as Optical Amplifiers in Communication Systems
Authors: Saktioto  , Fitriadhani S , Syahputra R F , Okfalisa  , Syamsudhuha  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Communication technology is currently very rapidly growing that causes the need for data flow speed increase significantly. These needs could be met through the technology of a fiber optic. The addition of use wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks can increase the bandwidth value because this network system can enter several wavelengths in a block diagram that is a multiplexer. This paper will discuss concerning a WDM that uses optical amplifier EDFA to strengthen a transmitted signal with input signal is sent two channel in one axis a fiber optic. Approach was used in the study simulations with three types of variation. The results of the simulation showed the variations of this type of circuit, the circuit is a form of consumption preline most excellent attenuation coefficient has 0.593 dBm/km, the variation of the value of the bandwidth on the value of 200 GHz is the value that best has a attenuation coefficient dBm 0.026/km and variations of long fiber optics at a distance 1 km that is the distance transmission of maximum.
Numerical Analysis of Stress Causing Fracture Failure in the Gear Transmission System Applied on an Agricultural Machinery Equipment
Authors: Husaini  , Dawud D M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In general, failures often occur in gear transmission systems, even this case also occurs in an agricultural machinery equipment for example in a hand tractor. This study aimed to determine the cause of the spur gear fracture through numerical studies. The fracture surface was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to identify crack initiation. The results of the chemical composition test indicated that the material used was according to the AISI 8620 standard. It is necessary to create a finite element analysis (FEA) modeling. The stress, strain and stress intensity factor was next analysed near the crack tip using the FEA. The results of the FEA pointed out that the value of the maximum stress intensity factor KI
occurs in the center of the tooth which experiences an initial crack due to friction. The KI
value obtained from the FEA indicates that the value is higher than the fracture toughness KIC. Finally, crack propagation occurs in the teeth of the spur gear that causes the tractor to stop working.
Identification of Pure and Adulterated Honey Using Two Spectroscopic Methods
Authors: Shiddiq Minarni , Zulkarnain  , Asyana Vepy , Aliyah Himmatul 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Honey is a natural sweet substance which is often mixed with other liquids for health purposes or as a sugar substitute in variety of food. Due to high commercial profit, many fraudulent acts have been around to add other substances to pure honeys. This study used two spectroscopic methods which are the laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to differentiate pure and corn syrup adulterated honeys based on sugar content. LIF used a 405 nm diode laser as the excitation laser. Samples of 27 were prepared for this study. They composed of 15 pure honey and 2 non honeys, and 10 adulterated honeys which we coded from A to Q.. Non honey samples were pure date syrup and corn syrup which coded as K and L. The sugar contents were measured manually using a brix refractometer which resulted the honey sugar contents range of 69.5 % to 78 %. The peak wavelengths observed range from There is R2 = 0.80 correlation between peak wavelength of fluorescence colours to sugar contents. The results showed that the peak wavelengths range from 490.9 nm to 641.3 nm. LIF was able to differentiate between the pure honeys than the adulterated or mixed ingredient honeys except for sample C. The differences of FTIR spectrums were shown by honey samples which was not given corn syrup adulteration, where the difference begins to be seen clearly at the wave number range 1150 cm−1 to 650 cm−1.
Analysis of matK, rbcL and trnL-trnF Intergenic Spacer Sequences on Durik-Durik (Syzygium sp)
Authors: Roslim Dewi Indriyani 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Syzygium sp. with the local name of durik-durik, that grows in Riau Province, Indonesia, is one of many adapted plants to flooding stress in floodplain ecosystems, and plays a role for survival of the ecosystems. This study reports analysis of three DNA barcodes, i.e. matK, rbcL and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer on this plant. The fresh leaves of this plant were picked up from floodplain ecosystem in Pelalawan, Riau Province for DNA extraction requiring. In this study had been obtained DNA sequences of matK, rbcL and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer with the size of 686 bp, 641 bp and 828 bp, respectively. The BLASTn analysis based on those sequences showed that none of the accessions of the Syzygium genus were 100% similar to Syzygium sp. The phylogenetic tree showed that Syzygium sp. formed one group with the same species of Syzygium and separated from other genera in Myrtaceae family. These results confirmed that durik-durik was a member Syzygium. Those sequences had been deposited in GenBank and could be used for molecular identification of this plant.
Identification of a Potential IAA-Producing Fungus Isolated From Alpinia Sp. Rhizome in Hutan Sibayak, North Sumatera
Authors: Hartanto Adrian , Lutfia Anisa , Munir Erman , Yurnaliza  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Medicinal plant from members of Zingiberaceae have been used as traditional remedies by marginal communities. To date, information and potential of these endophytes, especially endophytic fungi is still limited to certain taxa and properties. The present study investigates one of plant growth promoting properties possessed by endophytic fungi, which is the ability to produce extracellular Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Rhizome of Alpinia sp. sampled from Hutan Sibayak, North Sumatera was used as source of isolation of endophytic fungi. The endophytic fungal isolates were grown in Czapek-dox broth supplemented with 0.1% (w/v) L-tryptophan for 7 days to induce secretion of extracellular IAA. IAA concentration was measured colorimetrically using Salkowsky’s solution by comparing absorbance (A530) of standard pure IAA with culture filtrates from each isolates. The study obtained 5 endophytic fungal isolates from Alpinia sp. rhizome differentiated morphologically. The highest IAA content in culture filtrate (42.91±1.41 μg.mL−1) was produced by isolate Al04SU followed with Al02SU, Al05SU and Al01SU with IAA concentration of 26.25, 19.55 and 17.26 μg.mL−1, respectively. Molecular identification of isolate Al04 based on ITS-DNA similarity showed that isolate was closely related to Aspergillus flavus and confirmed through phylogenetic tree construction. The presence of IAA-producing endophytic fungi from Alpinia indicates that medicinal plant may harbor bioprospective strains which could be used in crop improvement with further and deeper investigation.
The Secondary Metabolite Diversity Analysis of Three Mangifera Foetida L. Varieties Based on Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)
Authors: Fitmawati  , Khairunnisa  , Resida Esi , Emrizal  , Mustika Roza Rodesia 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMangifera foetidaL. (Macang) is the type of mangoes that contains the highest levels of mangiferin which has activity of antioxidant, analgesic, anti-drip, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, immunomodulatory and anti-HIV. The potential of Macang as a drug needs to be assessed through phytochemical studies to obtain information on the diversity of Macang secondary metabolite content that is potential to be developed. The purpose of this study was to reveal the diversity of total secondary metabolite compounds contained in Macang with three varieties (Limus, Batu and Manis) using LC-MS analysis. Sampling was carried out use survey method at Remban and Lesung Batu, Kecamatan Rawas Ulu, Kabupaten Musi Rawas Utara, South Sumatra Province. The chromatogram was analyzed using the MassLynx program to obtain the compounds contained in the sample. Names determination of compounds based on Chemspider database and compound classes based on PubChem. The number of metabolite compounds that become characteristic of three Macang varieties in this study was 667 compounds. Limus has a specific compound of 191 compounds, Batu of 162 compounds, and Manis has a specific compound of 202 compounds. The metabolites found in this study are expected to be useful in phytopharmaca and support Macang conservation efforts that rarely found.
Effect of 6-Benzylaminopurine and Honey for in Vitro Shoot Initiation of Mangosteen Seed Explant From Riau, Indonesia
Authors: Isda Mayta Novaliza , Amin Nur Aisyah , Fatonah Siti 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a tropical plant that has export value because it has a rich of antioxidant xanthone that can be used for medicine as an anti-cancer agent. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) from Riau, Indonesia has many superiorities such as grow in the marshes and tolerant to acid soil (peat soil). One of the alternative methods to produce large number and uniform mangosteen seedlings in a short period can be done using in vitro culture technique. The purpose of this research was to determine the optimal concentration of BAP and honey in shoot initiation of mangosteen explant from seed that had been divided into four parts and also to determine the best combination for initiation mangosteen shoots using in vitro method. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the concentration of BAP (3; 7 mg/l) and honey (3; 6; 9 ml/l) or in combination on MS medium with five replications. The result showed that the highest number of shoots (14.60) formed on MS medium supplement with 7 mg/l BAP + 3 ml/l honey. The combination between 3 mg/l BAP + 3 ml/l honey produced the tallest shoots (5.10 cm) and the highest number of leaves (3.20 leaves) on MS medium supplement with 3 mg/l BAP + 9 ml/l honey. In this study, we have successfully presented the effect of 6-benzyl amino purine and honey for in vitro shoots initiation from mangosteen seed explant (Garcinia mangostana L.) which taken from Riau Indonesia.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Ruthenium-Tungsten Bimetallic Complex Equipped With Anchoring Ligand
Authors: Wardani PK , Anggraini D , Awaluddin A , Kassim MB , Arifin K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A new ruthenium-tungsten bimetallic complex equipped carboxylic as anchoring ligand and thiocyanate as bridging ligand has successfully synthesized. Ruthenium complex and tungsten hexacarbonyl are used as starting materials. The synthesis process involves two-step reactions in one-pot with ultraviolet light and monitored by FTIR spectroscopy. The final product fully characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and LCMS spectroscopies analysis confirms that the product is a bimetallic complex with molecular formula Ru(C12H8N2O4)2-(NCS)2-W(CO)4. Cyclic voltammetry of the complex exhibit one reversible redox couple, two quasi-reversible redox couples and one irreversible redox peak. The complex absorbs light energy in a wider solar spectrum compared to related ruthenium complex. The complex is supposed to be a good dye-sensitizer to improve TiO2 photoelectrode performance in artificial photosynthesis applications.
Cos as Co-Catalyst for Enhancing the Tio2 Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Agustina M , Linggawati A , Arifin K 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Titanium dioxide is a semiconductor that widely applied because it is environmentally friendly and has good catalytic activity. However, the wide band gap of TiO2 limits its application in photocatalytic activities. Cobalt sulfide (CoS) is extensively used as a photocatode in photoelectochemistry because it has good electrochemical activity, low cost and non-toxic. The formation of p-n junction between TiO2 and CoS can reduce the band gap of the former, and the load transfer of photoelectrochemical activity can be increased. TiO2/CoS is a promising photocatalyst in enhancing photoelectrochemical performance. In this work, a TiO2/CoS thin film was synthesized through hydrothermal method to study the effect of CoS on TiO2 and improve the photoelectrochemical performance. Characterization were performed using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and UV reflectance. Results showed that as-synthesized TiO2/CoS was a mixed phase of TiO2 (anatase, rutile) and CoS with agglomerate-shaped small particles. The band gap of TiO2 was reduced after CoS was loaded at 2.75 eV. The density of as-synthesized sample was 1.2572 mA at 1 V compared with Ag/AgCl under light irradiation.
Synthesis and Catalytic Activities of Manganese Oxides Prepared by Precipitation Method: Effects of Mixing Modes of Reactants and Calcination Process
Authors: Kurniati S , Asleni  , Linggawati A , Siregar S S , Awaluddin A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The two phases of manganese oxides are prepared by two different mixing modes using the same precipitation method from the solutions of KMnO4 dan maltose, resulting in marked different phase structures and catalytic activities. The oxides synthesized by adding dropwise of the maltose solution into KMnO4 solution (method A) resulted in the formation of layer manganese oxide birnessite, which turns into tunnel structured manganese oxide cryptomelane following the calcination at 600°C for 4 hours. The simultaneous addition of KMnO4 solution and maltose solution (method B) also produced birnessite before calcination, but remain unchanged as birnessite phase after calcination with cryptomelane as minor product. The samples without calcination obtained from method A posseses higher surface area and poor crystallinity compared to that with calcination. The catalytic test using Fenton-like Reaction for methylene blue (MB) degradation indicated the tremendeous difference in their catalytic activities for both samples without and with calcination. The birnessite catalysts (without calcination) prepared using method A show the highest activity and are able to degrade 93% methylene blue within 10 minute, much higher than other samples.