bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Organic Whispering‐Gallery Mode Lasers
Authors: Wei Guo‐Qing , Wang Xue‐Dong , Liao Liang‐Sheng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOrganic whispering‐gallery mode lasers (OWGMLs), taking the advantages of organic materials and whispering‐gallery mode (WGM) cavity, have undergone tremendous development with extensive application prospects in advanced optical fields. OWGMLs can be achieved via various strategies, typically including dope organic gain materials into WGM cavities, such as droplets, self‐assembled microcavities, and metal–organic frameworks, and utilize the self‐assembled amorphous or single‐crystalline structures of organic materials to serve simultaneously as the WGM cavity and the laser gain medium. The weak intermolecular interaction and abundant excited‐state radiative decay process of organic materials enable OWGMLs to be functionalized toward desired performance and novel applications. Here, the fundamentals related to OWGMLs as well as the advances in the strategies to realizing and functionalizing OWGMLs are introduced and reviewed. The challenges remained are discussed with perspectives and outlook provided for the future development in this exciting field.
Step Away from Depression—Study protocol for a multicenter randomized clinical trial for a pedometer intervention during and after in‐patient treatment of depression
Authors: Große Julia , Petzold Moritz Bruno , Brand Ralf , Ströhle Andreas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesIncreasing the number of daily steps by using a pedometer and a diary leads to an activity increase and improved health outcomes in a variety of somatic disorders. Hence, for the inpatient treatment of depression, supervised exercise interventions are more widespread. We aim to examine if a self‐managed pedometer intervention (PI) with the option of being proceeded after discharge leads to reduction of depression and to a physical activity (PA) increase.MethodsThe Step Away from Depression (SAD) study is a multicenter randomized controlled trial targeting 400 patients with major depressive disorder. Treatment as usual (TAU) is compared to TAU plus PI after 4 weeks, at discharge, and 6 months after hospital admission. Primary outcomes are clinically rated depression severity and accelerometer‐measured step counts. Secondary outcomes include self‐reported depression symptoms and PA level, psychiatric symptoms, health‐related quality of life, self‐efficacy, and components of the Motivation Volition Process Model.ResultsWe report the design of the SAD study considering several methodological aspects for exercise studies, in general.ConclusionsResults of our study will provide information about efficacy of PI for inpatient treatment and about interrelating processes of change concerning depression, PA, and aspects of motivation and volition.
Nonlethal Fin Sampling of North American Freshwater Fishes for Food Web Studies Using Stable Isotopes
Authors: Maitland Bryan M. , Rahel Frank J. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Food web investigations using stable isotope analyses inform management strategies by quantitatively describing interactions among species. Fin tissue is a nonlethal alternative to white muscle tissue for obtaining stable isotope ratios of fish. However, the relationship between fin and muscle values must be evaluated before fin tissue can be substituted for muscle tissue. We examined the relationships between fin and muscle carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope ratios in 15 species of North American freshwater fish using linear regression for multispecies models and species-specific models, and compared the performance of our models against models developed for European and Australian freshwater fishes. Fin and muscle isotope ratios differed but covaried with good explanatory power ( R2δ13C = 0.74–0.99; R2δ15N= 0.45–0.99). Useful conversions of fin isotope values were provided by our species-specific models (δ13Cerror = 0.27‰; δ15Nerror = 0.22‰), and to a lesser extent our multispecies models (δ13Cerror = 0.51‰; δ15Nerror = 0.35‰) and the European models (δ13Cerror = 0.57‰; δ15Nerror = 0.42‰). Models developed for Australian fishes gave less precise conversions when applied to North American freshwater species (δ13Cerror = 0.78‰; δ15Nerror = 0.82‰). We recommend using species-specific conversion models when available, but in their absence, multispecies models may be adequate. Our study contributes to a growing literature seeking fin–muscle conversion models, which should serve to reduce the lethal take of individuals.
Barycentric rational method for solving biharmonic equation by depression of order
Authors: Li Jin , Cheng Yongling 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTwo‐dimensional biharmonic boundary‐value problems are considered by the linear barycentric rational method, the unknown function was approximated by the barycentric rational function. For the biharmonic equation, we change the biharmonic equation into the two Poisson equations by depression of order. The linear equations of discrete the biharmonic equation was changed into matrix form. For the basis of barycentric rational function, we present the convergence rate of linear barycentric rational method for biharmonic equation by depression of order. At last, several numerical examples are provided to validate the theoretical analysis.
2020 Innovation-Based Optimism for Lung Cancer Outcomes
Authors: Schenk Erin L. , Patil Tejas , Pacheco Jose , Bunn Paul A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both males and females in the U.S. and worldwide. Owing to advances in prevention, screening/early detection, and therapy, lung cancer mortality rates are decreasing and survival rates are increasing. These innovations are based on scientific discoveries in imaging, diagnostics, genomics, molecular therapy, and immunotherapy. Outcomes have improved in all histologies and stages. This review provides information on the clinical implications of these innovations that are practical for the practicing physicians, especially oncologists of all specialities who diagnose and treat patients with lung cancer.

Implications for Practice
Lung cancer survival rates have improved because of new prevention, screening, and therapy methods. This work provides a review of current standards for each of these areas, including targeted and immunotherapies. Treatment recommendations are provided for all stages of lung cancer.
High Melting Point of Linear, Spiral Polyethylene Nanofibers and Polyethylene Microspheres Obtained Through Confined Polymerization by a PPM‐Supported Ziegler‐Natta Catalyst
Authors: Xiao Yu , Dai Xiying , Wang Kui , Zhou Guangyuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this work, different types of polyethylene (linear, spiral nanofibers and microspheres) were obtained via confined polymerization by a PPM‐supported Ziegler‐Natta catalyst. Firstly, the Ziegler‐Natta catalyst was chemical bonded inside the porous polymer microspheres (PPMs) supports with different pore diameter and supports size through chemical reaction. Then slightly and highly confined polymerization occurred in the PPM‐supported Ziegler‐Natta catalysts. SEM results illustrated that the slightly confined polymerization was easy to obtain linear and spiral nanofibers, and the nanofibers were observed in polyethylene catalyzed by PPMs‐1#/cat and PPMs‐2#/cat with low pore diameter (about 23 nm). Furthermore, the highly confined polymerization produced polyethylene microspheres, which obtained through other PPM‐supported Ziegler‐Natta catalysts with high pore diameter. In addition, high second melting point (Tm2: up to 143.3 °C) is a unique property of the polyethylene obtained by the PPM‐supported Ziegler‐Natta catalyst after removing the residue through physical treatment. The high Tm2 was ascribed to low surface free energy (σe), which was owing to the entanglement of polyethylene polymerized in the PPMs supports with interconnected multi‐modal pore structure.
Suppression of malignant rhabdoid tumors through Chb‐M′‐mediated RUNX1 inhibition
Authors: Daifu Tomoo , Mikami Masamitsu , Hiramatsu Hidefumi , Iwai Atsushi , Umeda Katsutsugu , Noura Mina , Kubota Hirohito , Masuda Tatsuya , Furuichi Kana , Takasaki Saho , Noguchi Yuki , Morita Ken , Bando Toshikazu , Hirata Masahiro , Kataoka Tatsuki R. , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Kuwahara Yasumichi , Iehara Tomoko , Hosoi Hajime , Takita Junko , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Adachi Souichi , Kamikubo Yasuhiko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMalignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is a rare and highly aggressive pediatric malignancy primarily affecting infants and young children. Intensive multimodal therapies currently given to MRT patients are not sufficiently potent to control this highly malignant tumor. Therefore, additive or alternative therapy for these patients with a poor prognosis is necessary. We herein demonstrated that the inhibition of runt‐related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) by novel alkylating conjugated pyrrole‐imidazole (PI) polyamides, which specifically recognize and bind to RUNX‐binding DNA sequences, was highly effective in the treatment of rhabdoid tumor cell lines in vitro as well as in an in vivo mouse model. Therefore, suppression of RUNX1 activity may be a novel strategy for MRT therapy.
Cooperative fault‐tolerant control for heterogeneous nonlinear multiagent systems via distributed output regulation
Authors: Zhang Jie , Ding Da‐Wei , Sun Xinmiao , Wang Youyi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article studies the cooperative fault‐tolerant control (FTC) problem of leader‐follower multiagent systems with process faults and heterogeneous Lipschitz nonlinearity via output regulation theory. The control objective is to convert the FTC problem into a cooperative output regulation problem such that all followers can track the leader regardless of process faults. Under directed communication topology, distributed observers are first designed to estimate the states and faults of all followers. Specially, the leader in this article is described by a more general nonlinear dynamics. Since only parts of followers can directly obtain the information of nonlinear leader, an adaptive distributed observer is introduced to estimate the state of the leader as feedforward information. By utilizing these estimations, a new distributed FTC protocol is constructed based upon the solutions of nonlinear regulator equation and algebraic Riccati equation. Finally, a numerical example is presented to demonstrate the obtained theoretic results.
Long‐term effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on soil aggregate stability and aggregate‐associated carbon and nitrogen in the North China Plain
Authors: Zhang Huayan , Niu Ling'an , Hu Kelin , Hao Jinmin , Li Fan , Wang Xiang , Chen Hong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSoil aggregates and carbon storage are important in soil conservation, nutrient supply, and climate change mitigation. The long‐term responses of aggregate‐associated organic C (OC) and nitrogen (N) in surface versus subsoil to N and P fertilization remain unclear. We examined the effects of different N and P fertilization rates on aggregate stability and the associated soil OC (SOC) and N in the North China Plain through a 35‐yr double‐crop field experiment, hypothesizing that higher rates of mineral fertilizer would promote aggregate stability and increase C/N ratios in large macroaggregates. The OC and N were highest in the silt + clay fraction, accounting for 34 to 48% of bulk SOC and 28 to 47% of bulk soil N at 0 to 20 cm, and 38 to 62% of bulk SOC and 40 to 62% of bulk soil N at 20 to 40 cm. After 35 yr, N + P fertilization increased SOC (16–35%) and N (21–27%), especially the 540 kg N + 67.5 kg P treatment; the N + P fertilizer also increased the OC and N of the macroaggregate, microaggregate, and silt + clay fractions at 0 to 20 cm. The N + P fertilizer treatments increased bulk soil C/N ratios; the C/N ratios of large macroaggregates decreased. Nitrogen and P fertilizer did not affect aggregate stability. Long‐term N and P fertilization increased SOC concentrations, and altered OC and N distributions in aggregates. Quantifying the impacts of long‐term fertilization strategies on organic matter sequestration and soil stabilization is important.
On the origin of technological acquisition strategy: The interaction between organizational plasticity and environmental munificence
Authors: Rios Luis A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryWhy do some firms routinely acquire more than others? I contribute to the study of technological acquisitions and capability development more broadly by documenting how the interaction betweenorganizational plasticityand environmental munificence can create one demarcation point for some technology firms to become more acquisitive than others. Using a novel dataset on 1,201 firms that went public between 1983 and 2007, I find evidence of a persistent divergence even 20 years after initial public offering (IPO). Additional tests rule out alternative explanations and explore potential mechanisms.Managerial SummaryThere has been much evidence to suggest that mature innovative firms tend to have a preferred mode for accessing new technology: either by making it internally or buying it from other firms. However, we do not know very well how firms develop these preferences. This article investigates how financial market conditions affect young firms around the time of going public, and shows that recently IPO'd firms that experience depressed M&A markets go on to rely less on acquisitions when they mature. Conversely, these firms seem to develop more technologies in‐house. These findings suggest that some early events in a firm's life may have long‐lasting consequences, which may be difficult to change later.
Simultaneous determination of nitrate, nitrite and bromate by capillary zone electrophoresis in tea infusions grown in the Black Sea region of Turkey
Authors: Tembo Zebron Nchimunya , Şeker Aygun Fatma , Erdoğan Behice Yavuz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA quick method for the simultaneous determination of nitrate, nitrite and bromate ions in tea infusions using capillary zone electrophoresis was developed. A three‐factor full factorial design was applied for the determination of optimal conditions. Prior to the full factorial analysis, a number of experiments were conducted. A 50 mM phosphate buffer solution with pH 3.5 was selected. A capillary temperature of 40 °C, −20 kV applied voltage, 61.5 cm total capillary length (53.5 cm effective length) with 50 μm i.d., and 50 mbar injection pressure for 30 s were used. The limits of detection for nitrate, nitrite, and bromate were 0.60, 0.99, and 2.14 mg/L, respectively. The anions could be detected by the method with good resolution within 7 min with average spike recovery ranging between 91.6 and 105.5% (n = 3).
CSU57 encodes a novel repressor of sorbose utilization in opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans
Authors: Reddy Praveen Kumar , Pullepu Dileep , Dhabalia Darshan , Udaya Prakash Sagunthala Murugesan , Kabir Mohammad Anaul 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHuman fungal pathogen Candida albicans cannot utilize L‐sorbose as a sole carbon source. However, chromosome 5 monosomic strains can grow on sorbose as repressors present on this chromosome get diminished allowing the expression of sorbose utilization gene (SOU1) located on chromosome 4. Functional identification of these repressors has been a difficult task as they are scattered on a large portion of the right arm of chromosome 5. Herein, we have applied the telomere‐mediated chromosomal truncation approach to identify a novel repressor for sorbose utilization in this pathogen. Multiple systematic chromosomal truncations were performed on the right arm of Chr5 in the background of csu51∆/CSU51 to minimize the functional region to 6‐kb chromosomal stretch. Further, truncation that removes the part of Orf19.3942 strongly suggested its role in sorbose utilization. However, compelling evidence comes from the observation that truncation at 1,044.288‐kb position of Chr5 in the strain csu51∆/CSU51 orf19.3942∆/Orf.19.3942 produced Sou+ phenotype; otherwise, the strain remains Sou−. This confirms beyond doubt the role of Orf.19.3942 in the regulation of sorbose utilization and designated as CSU57. Comparison of SOU1 gene expression of Sou+ strains with wild type suggested its role at transcriptional level. Strain carrying double disruption of CSU57 remains Sou−. Co‐overexpression of SOU1 and CSU57 together does not make the recipient strain Sou−; however, multiple tandem copies of CSU57 produced diminished growth compared with control suggesting that it is a weak repressor. Taken together, we report that CSU57 encodes a novel repressor of L‐sorbose utilization in this pathogen.TAKE AWAY

CSU57 encodes a repressor for L‐sorbose utilization in Candida albicans.
Csu57p acts in combination with Csu51p and other regulators.
Csu57p exerts its repressing effect at transcriptional level of SOU1 gene.
Utilization of sorbose positively correlates to the expression of SOU1 gene.
Multiple copies of CSU57 can partially suppress Sou+ phenotype.
Circumferential thermoelastic Lamb wave in fractional order cylindrical plates
Authors: Wang Xianhui , Li Fanglin , Yu Jiangong , Zhang Xiaoming , Li Zhi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn improved Legendre polynomial series approach (AILPSA) is presented to investigate the circumferential thermoelastic Lamb wave in a fractional order orthotropic cylindrical plate. In the AILPSA, the analytical integration is developed based on the orthogonality and recursive properties of the Legendre polynomial to simplify the integral computation involved in the solving progress. As a consequence, the computational efficiency is improved significantly. Results are compared with those from the previous article to confirm the validity of the introduced method. Using the AILPSA, guided wave characteristics in various fractional order orthotropic cylindrical plates are investigated by solving the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the system of algebraic equations. The influences of fractional order and radius‐thickness ratio on dispersion curve and displacement, temperature amplitudes are illustrated. The results show that the fractional order almost has no effect on the phase velocities of quasi‐elastic wave modes, but has notable effect on their attenuations. A smaller fractional order means a smaller temperature amplitude for the quasi‐elastic wave mode, but means a larger temperature amplitude for the thermal wave mode. A smaller radius thickness ratio indicates a smaller attenuation and a larger temperature amplitude.
Access to Social Protection by Immigrants, Emigrants and Resident Nationals in Morocco
Authors: Oulidi Abderrahim , Diakité Keivan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe colonial legacy of Morocco has strengthened the ties between the kingdom and France and its geographical location makes it a gateway to Europe. Faced with these increasing movements of populations, the Moroccan social security system is trying to adapt to meet the needs of Moroccan populations living abroad as well as foreign populations residing in Morocco. In this chapter, we propose an assessment of the recent evolutions, trends and directions in access to social protection for individuals in a situation of international mobility.
Access to Social Protection by Immigrants, Emigrants and Resident Nationals in Serbia
Authors: Popic Tamara 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTurbulent political events of the 1990s marked by the Yugoslav wars, protracted transition from socialism to capitalism, and unstable economic outlook since 2000, have contributed to the preservation of a Serbian welfare system focused on ‘old social risks’, also marked by an exclusionary social protection model that limits access to some benefits to migrants – both foreigners in Serbia and Serbians abroad. Access to most social protection benefits for foreigners residing and working in Serbia depends on the same criteria and requirements as those applied for resident nationals. As the Serbian welfare regime is based on the social insurance model, the entitlement for most social benefits in cash or in kind is based on the employment period and/or payment of compulsory social insurance contributions. However, foreigners remain excluded from accessing non-contributory benefits such as the parental benefits, child allowances or the guaranteed minimum resource scheme. Non-resident nationals have access to social benefits depending on whether the country they reside in has signed social security agreements with Serbia, but range of benefits varies depending on the country.
Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Tunisian Citizens Abroad
Authors: Pouessel Stéphanie 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith 10% of Tunisians living abroad, the Tunisian diaspora is a subject of national concern. How can the Tunisian state ensure their access to social protection abroad? This chapter will present the general institutional framework by which Tunisian authorities interact with their nationals abroad, as well as the main policies for engaging with this population. The chapter will provide an overview of the Tunisian diaspora’s main characteristics, its relations with the homeland and the policies, programs and services offered by Tunisian authorities to respond to the transnational social protection needs of Tunisian nationals abroad. By highlighting its diaspora infrastructure, key policy issues and, in particular, its social protection policies for citizens abroad, the chapter seeks to analyse the realities and deficiencies of Tunisia’s diaspora policies.
Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Turkish Citizens Abroad
Authors: Aydin Seda , Østergaard-Nielsen Eva 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this chapter, we examine diaspora policies and social protection in Turkey, an EU candidate country with a significantly large emigrant population in the EU. Turkey’s diaspora engagement has taken various forms in line with the domestic and international developments over the decades. From the early 2000s, the Turkish state has adopted an active approach to diaspora policies, in accordance with its assertive neo-Ottomanist foreign policy (Aydin Y, The new Turkish diaspora policy: its aims, their limits and the challenges for associations of people of Turkish origin and decision-makers in Germany (working paper). Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik-SWP-Deutsches Institut für Internationale Politik und Sicherheit, Berlin, 2014; Mencutek ZS, Baser B, J Balkan Near East Stud 20:86–105, 2018). In this period, the Turkish Government has depicted the Turkish diaspora both as a political and economic resource in the transnational policy-making and lobbying procedures, and as a population that needs protection and guidance vis-à-vis host country authorities (Mencutek ZS, Baser B, J Balkan Near East Stud 20:86–105, 2018). This chapter demonstrates that this two-dimensional approach has also been influential in social protection policies addressing Turks abroad. Turkish authorities mostly aim to assist migrants with navigating the welfare system in the receiving countries. This approach is complemented by a strategy of fortifying transnational economic, political and cultural ties with Turks abroad as part of public diplomacy and the attainment of soft power goals. With elements such as child benefits, expansion of the related attaché offices, and educational services for children, family-related benefits constitute the most accentuated social protection policies adopted by the Turkish state. The significance of family in Turkish diaspora social protection policies fits well with the Government’s emphasis on family values as an intrinsic part of its conservative policies.