bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depletion of the Microbiome Alters the Recruitment of Neuronal Ensembles of Oxycodone Intoxication and Withdrawal
Authors: Simpson Sierra , Kimbrough Adam , Boomhower Brent , McLellan Rio , Hughes Marcella , Shankar Kokila , de Guglielmo Giordano , George Olivier 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSubstance use disorders have a complex etiology. Genetics, the environment, and behavior all play a role in the initiation, escalation, and relapse of drug use. Recently, opioid use disorder has become a national health crisis. One aspect of opioid addiction that has yet to be fully examined is the effects of alterations of the microbiome and gut-brain axis signaling on central nervous system activity during opioid intoxication and withdrawal. The effect of microbiome depletion on the activation of neuronal ensembles was measured by detecting Fos-positive (Fos+) neuron activation during intoxication and withdrawal using a rat model of oxycodone dependence. Daily oxycodone administration (2 mg/kg) increased pain thresholds and increased Fos+ neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) during intoxication, with a decrease in pain thresholds and increase in Fos+ neurons in the periaqueductal gray (PAG), central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), locus coeruleus (LC), paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), agranular insular cortex (AI), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and lateral habenula medial parvocellular region during withdrawal. Microbiome depletion produced widespread but region- and state-specific changes in neuronal ensemble activation. Oxycodone intoxication and withdrawal also increased functional connectivity among brain regions. Microbiome depletion resulted in a decorrelation of this functional network. These data indicate that microbiome depletion by antibiotics produces widespread changes in the recruitment of neuronal ensembles that are activated by oxycodone intoxication and withdrawal, suggesting that the gut microbiome may play a role in opioid use and dependence. Future studies are needed to better understand the molecular, neurobiological, and behavioral effects of microbiome depletion on addiction-like behaviors.
Dopamine and Risky Decision-Making in Gambling Disorder
Authors: Peters Jan , Vega Taylor , Weinstein Dawn , Mitchell Jennifer , Kayser Andrew 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGambling disorder is a behavioral addiction associated with impairments in value-based decision-making and cognitive control. These functions are thought to be regulated by dopamine within fronto-striatal circuits, but the role of altered dopamine neurotransmission in the etiology of gambling disorder remains controversial. Preliminary evidence suggests that increasing frontal dopamine tone might improve cognitive functioning in gambling disorder. We therefore examined whether increasing frontal dopamine tone via a single dose of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor tolcapone would reduce risky choice in human gamblers (n = 14) in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. Data were analyzed using hierarchical Bayesian parameter estimation and a combined risky choice drift diffusion model (DDM). Model comparison revealed a nonlinear mapping from value differences to trial-wise drift rates, confirming recent findings. An increase in risk-taking under tolcapone versus placebo was about five times more likely, given the data, than a decrease [Bayes factor (BF) = 0.2]. Examination of drug effects on diffusion model parameters revealed that an increase in the value dependency of the drift rate under tolcapone was about thirteen times more likely than a decrease (BF = 0.073). In contrast, a reduction in the maximum drift rate under tolcapone was about seven times more likely than an increase (BF = 7.51). Results add to previous work on COMT inhibitors in behavioral addictions and to mounting evidence for the applicability of diffusion models in value-based decision-making. Future work should focus on individual genetic, clinical and cognitive factors that might account for heterogeneity in the effects of COMT inhibition.
YAP Mediates Hair Cell Regeneration in Balance Organs of Chickens, But LATS Kinases Suppress Its Activity in Mice
Authors: Rudolf Mark A. , Andreeva Anna , Kozlowski Mikolaj M. , Kim Christina E. , Moskowitz Bailey A. , Anaya-Rocha Alejandro , Kelley Matthew W. , Corwin Jeffrey T. 
Published: April 2020

Loss of sensory hair cells causes permanent hearing and balance deficits in humans and other mammals, but for nonmammals such deficits are temporary. Nonmammals recover hearing and balance sensitivity after supporting cells proliferate and differentiate into replacement hair cells. Evidence of mechanical differences between those sensory epithelia and their supporting cells prompted us to investigate whether the capacity to activate YAP, an effector in the mechanosensitive Hippo pathway, correlates with regenerative capacity in acceleration-sensing utricles of chickens and mice of both sexes. After hair cell ablation, YAP accumulated in supporting cell nuclei in chicken utricles and promoted regenerative proliferation, but YAP remained cytoplasmic and little proliferation occurred in mouse utricles. YAP localization in supporting cells was also more sensitive to shape change and inhibition of MST1/2 in chicken utricles than in mouse utricles. Genetic manipulations showed thatin vivoexpression of the YAP-S127A variant caused robust proliferation of neonatal mouse supporting cells, which produced progeny that expressed hair cell markers, but proliferative responses declined postnatally. Expression of YAP-5SA, which more effectively evades inhibitory phosphorylation, resulted in TEAD-dependent proliferation of striolar supporting cells, even in adult utricles. Conditional deletion of LATS1/2 kinases abolished the inhibitory phosphorylation of endogenous YAP and led to striolar proliferation in adult mouse utricles. The findings suggest that damage overcomes inhibitory Hippo signaling and facilitates regenerative proliferation in nonmammalian utricles, whereas constitutive LATS1/2 kinase activity suppresses YAP-TEAD signaling in mammalian utricles and contributes to maintaining the proliferative quiescence that appears to underlie the permanence of sensory deficits.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLoud sounds, ototoxic drugs, infections, and aging kill sensory hair cells in the ear, causing irreversible hearing loss and balance deficits for millions. In nonmammals, damage evokes shape changes in supporting cells, which can divide and regenerate hair cells. Such shape changes are limited in mammalian ears, where supporting cells develop E-cadherin-rich apical junctions reinforced by robust F-actin bands, and the cells fail to divide. Here, we find that damage readily activates YAP in supporting cells within balance epithelia of chickens, but not mice. Deleting LATS kinases or expressing YAP variants that evade LATS-mediated inhibitory phosphorylation induces proliferation in supporting cells of adult mice. YAP signaling eventually may be harnessed to overcome proliferative quiescence that limits regeneration in mammalian ears.
Dynamics of Serum Cytokines During Resection Surgery for Malignant Neoplasms in the Lungs
Authors: Soloviev A. O. , Dolgikh V. T. , Novichkova O. N. , Govorova N. V. , Leonov O. V. , Sokolova O. V. 
Published: April 2020

Purpose— to carry out a comparative assessment of inflammation based on evaluation of intraoperative and early postoperative dynamics of blood serum cytokines in pulmonary malignant neoplasm patients in different anesthesia and analgesia settings.Material and methods.24 patients of 45 to 50 years of age divided into 2 groups were examined. All patients suffered from verified new onset malignant neoplasms without true signs of metastases. Tumor differentiation by morphology was not undertaken since that was beyond the study design. Patients did not receive radio- or chemotherapy. In Group I (the main group,n=12), a multimodal combined anesthesia [1] followed by extended postoperative epidural analgesia was applied. In Group II (the comparison group,n=12), a combined general anesthesia including mechanical lung ventilation followed by morphine analgesia was used. 4 study points were determined: prior to induction, and one, 12, and 24 hours post-surgery.Results.12 hours after surgery completion, the concentration of TNFα in the main group was lesser by 57.1% vs. the comparison group; by the end of the first 24 hours, it fell down by 64.3%. Within the same period, in both groups IL-6 turned out to be significantly higher than the upper reference limit. By the end of the first 24 hours, IL-6 tend to decrease in both groups; however, in the comparison group, this parameter was 15% higher than in the main group. Serum IL-10 was within the reference range in both groups. One hour after surgery, concentrationof IL-10 was exponentially growing in both groups and exceeded multifold the upper reference limit, whereas the content of IL-10 in the main group remained reliably higher: the difference amounted to 35.6% percent.Conclusion.During the postoperative period, patients undergone lung resection displayed significant changes in cytokines concentrations demonstrating an inflammation reaction. Inflammation was significant in patients who received epidural analgesia as evidenced by an altered content of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Modern Vasopressor Therapy of Septic Shock (Review)
Authors: Kochkin A. A. , Yavorovskiy A. G. , Berikashvili L. B. , Likhvantsev V. V. 
Published: April 2020

Septic shock, as the most severe form of sepsis, is characterized by high mortality reaching 40% despite the use of the most modern standards of diagnosis and treatment. In the thanatogenesis of septic shock, vasoplegia plays a leading role, respectively, and therapy of the condition under discussion involves the use of vasoconstrictors, along with the standard prescription of infusion therapy, antibiotics and symptomatic treatment. The choice of a specific vasoactive drug is a difficult task for a practicing anesthetist, as along with undoubtedly positive properties, vasoconstrictors each have their own spectrum of undesirable side effects, which, of course, must be taken into account when determining treatment tactics.The aim of review:A comprehensive assessment of the multifactorial effect of various vasoconstrictors on the patient to determine the criteria for choosing the optimal drug (or a combination of drugs) in septic shock.The search was carried out using PubMed and Scopus databases, the final selection of 89 articles was carried out in accordance with the following criteria: relevance to the topic of this review and the nature of the article — only randomized controlled trials, guidelines and analytical reviews were included in the final analysis.External and internal mechanisms of vascular tone regulation are considered, including factors produced by endothelium (nitric oxide, prostacyclin, endothelin); vasoactive metabolites and autocoids — signal molecules of local action (serotonin, prostaglandins, thromboxane A2). Accordingly, drugs were analyzed the mechanism of action of which is related to the effect on adrenergic (adrenaline, dopamine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, dobutamine), vasopressin (vasopressin, terlipressin, selepressin) receptors, synthetic analogues of angiotensin (angiotensin II) and drugs the non-vasopressor effect of which is not linked with the receptor apparatus (methylene blue, levosimendan, hydrocortisone).Conclusion.The high effectiveness of norepinephrine, its positive hemodynamic effects make the drug under discussion, in many ways, a universal remedy for the relief of septic shock. However, refractory shock may require the introduction of such high doses of norepinephrine that the occurrence of adverse reactions will become practically inevitable. The combined use of adrenergic and ligand V receptors, terlipressin, is intended to prevent these complications. However, to date, there are no clear recommendations on the use of terlipressin in septic shock, which limits its use in clinical practice.
Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) Versi Bahasa Indonesia: Studi Validasi Konstruk pada Anggota Polisi
Authors: Yulianto Heri 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOne of the professions that has a high risk, stress and burnout rate is the police. To find out the extent of police officers against the impact of burnout, we need a valid and reliable measurement tool. This research seeks to test the construct validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human-Services Survey (MBI-HSS). The data used are data obtained from 504 police officers serving in the Metro Jaya Regional Police (Polda Metro Jaya); age between 21 and 56 years old (M = 33.04, SD = 8.533); male sex (99.8%) and female (0.2%); and length of work from 3–38 years (M = 15.04, SD = 8.533). The analytical method used is Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using Mplus 7.11. The test results prove that the data fit with the 3-correlated factor model that shows the correlation of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization factors = 0.966, emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment = -0.590 and personal accomplishment and depersonalization = -0.701, with RMSEA = 0.048, CFI = 0.943 and TLI = 0.934, indicating good fit.AbstrakSalah satu profesi yang memiliki resiko, stress dan tingkat burnout yang tinggi adalah polisi. Untuk mengetahui sejauh mana anggota polisi terhadap dampak burnout, dibutuhkan alat ukur yang valid dan reliabel. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji validitas konstruk dari skala Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human-Services Survey (MBI-HSS). Data yang digunakan adalah data yang diperoleh dari 504 anggota polisi yang bertugas di Polda Metro Jaya; rentang usia 21 hingga 56 tahun (M = 33,04; SD = 8,533); jenis kelamin laki-laki (99,8%) dan wanita (0,2%); masa dinas mulai 3 hingga 38 tahun (M = 15,04; SD = 8,533). Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) dengan menggunakan software Mplus version 7.11. Hasil pengujian membuktikan bahwa data fit dengan model 3-correlated factor yang menunjukkan korelasi faktor emotional exhaustion dan depersonalisation = 0,966, emotional exhaustion dan personal accomplishment = -0,590 dan personal accomplishment dan depersonalisation = -0,701, dengan indeks kesesuaian RSMEA = 0,048; CFI = 0,943; dan TLI = 0,934.
Pengembangan Alat Ukur Tingkat Efikasi Diri Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Kimia
Authors: Solikhin Febrian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study aims to develop a student self-efficacy scale in learning, especially in chemistry learning. This scale has been developed with 4 main steps, namely the determination of aspects, preparation of indicators, preparation of statement items and validation. The measured aspects are activity choice, effort, perseverance, learning, achievement, and strategy orientation. The items developed were 30 statements. The validation process consists of expert validation and empirical validation. At the expert validation produced 24 valid statement points viewed from the Aiken V. The empirical validation phase involved 300 high school students. Analysis of the results at this stage using the Rasch model. At this stage, there were 22 valid and reliable statements for use in measuring students' level of self-efficacy. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan alat ukur efikasi diri siswa dalam pembelajaran, khususnya dalam pembelajaran kimia. Alat ukur ini telah dikembangkan dengan 4 langkah utama, yaitu penentuan aspek, penyusunan indikator, penyusunan butir pernyataan dan validasi. Aspek yang diukur adalah pilihan aktivitas, usaha, ketekunan, belajar, pencapaian/prestasi, dan orientasi strategi. Butir yang dikembangkan sebanyak 30 pernyataan. Proses validasi terdiri atas validasi ahli dan validasi empiris. Pada tahap validasi ahli menghasilkan 24 butir pernyataan valid dilihat dari besar Aiken V. Tahap validasi empiris melibatkan 300 siswa SMA. Analisis hasil pada tahap menggunakan model Rasch. Pada tahap ini menghasilkan sebanyak 22 butir pernyataan valid dan reliabel untuk digunakan dalam pengukuran tingkat efikasi diri siswa.
Why ruling politicians grow rich faster—Rent-seeking or selection bias?
Authors: Olejnik Łukasz Wiktor 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe high rate of increase of ruling politicians' wealth has been empirically proven many times. However, in the literature it is almost always assumed that politicians grew rich faster due to political rent-seeking or corruption. The aim of this article is to discuss the assumption whether corruption and rent-seeking is indeed the only possible cause, and to present empirical findings undermining the assumption. The results of the analysis of levels and rate of growth of Polish politicians' wealth clearly show that the other explanation is the selection of people exercising authority. Based on statistical analysis of 2024 asset declarations of 689 councillors from Polish voivodeship assemblies from two terms in the period of 2010–2018, the paper demonstrates that the different rates of changes of the value of assets of coalition and opposition councillors are at least partly the effect of the selection bias.
Génexpressziós eltérések keringő fehérvérsejtekben a 2-es típusú cukorbetegek elsőfokú, anyagcseréjüket illetően egészséges rokonaiban
Authors: Vitai Márta , Kovács Györgyi , Pauer József , Literáti Nagy Botond , Bezzegh Katalin , Korányi László 
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:
Bevezetés és célkitűzés: A világjárványt jelentő 2-es típusú
diabetest (2DM) jelző géneltéréseket kerestünk – a mindennapos diagnosztika
részére hozzáférhető – keringő fehérvérsejteken. Módszer:
Anyagcseréjüket illetően egészséges, elsőfokú, 2-es típusú cukorbeteg rokonokkal
rendelkező személyek (n = 6) izombiopsziás mintáinak mRNS-microarray-eredményét
hasonlítottuk ugyancsak anyagcseréjüket illetően egészséges, de negatív családi
anamnézisűek (n = 6) mintáival. A microarray-eredmények kvantitatív real-time
(valós idejű) PCR-rel történő megerősítése után 8 gén expressziója maradt
különböző, ezeket ellenőriztük a keringő fehérvérsejteken nagy esetszámú (n = 58
anyagcseréjüket illetően egészséges, nincs cukorbeteg rokon és n = 58
egészséges, cukorbeteg rokonnal rendelkező önkéntes) vizsgálatban.
Eredmények: Nők és férfiak esetében is a
SERPINF1-gén expressziója volt szignifikánsan alacsonyabb a
fehérvérsejtekben a genetikai terhet hordók között (relatív kvantifikáció: FC –
nő: = 0,69, p<6*10–3, FC – férfi: = 0,65, p<2*10–3).
Ez az eltérés nem a romló anyagcsere következménye volt, miután a már diabeteses
és még anyagcseréjüket illetően egészséges, de 2DM-rokonnal rendelkezők között
nem különbözött. Így feltételeztük, hogy a SERPINF1-gén
vérsejtbeli expressziójának eltérése valódi genetikai meghatározottságot jelent.
Következtetés: A perifériás fehérvérsejteken mért
SERPINF1-expresszió, valamint a lipid- és biokémiai
paraméterek segítségével sikerült egy, a betegség jóslására alkalmas matematikai
összefüggést találnunk, melyet nagyobb esetszámon történő ellenőrzés után –
reményeink szerint – a diabetes „korai markereként” használhatunk. A
LAMP2 expressziója nem különbözött a két anyagcseréjüket
illetően egészséges csoport között, de az anyai öröklődéssel összefüggő
eredményt kaptunk. Az anyai ágon történő öröklődés eseteiben szignifikánsan
magasabb expressziós szintet kapunk, ami „parent of origin” hatást feltételez,
jelezvén, hogy az anyától öröklött génnek meghatározó szerepe van. Orv Hetil.
2020; 161(18): 738–746.
A Parkinson-kórhoz társuló demencia és a Lewy-testes demencia patológiai és klinikai összehasonlítása
Authors: Bencs Viktor , Bencze János , Módis V. László , Simon Viktória , Kálmán János , Hortobágyi Tibor 
Published: April 2020

Absztrakt:
A Lewy-testes demencia (DLB) és a Parkinson-kórhoz társuló demencia (PDD) számos
klinikai, patofiziológiai és morfológiai átfedést mutató neurodegeneratív
kórkép. Neuropatológiai szempontból meghatározó a kóros
α-szinuklein-aggregátumokat tartalmazó Lewy-testek (LB) jelenléte. DLB-ben
nagyszámú LB található a corticalis régiókban, míg PDD-ben elsősorban a
subcorticalis területek érintettek. Továbbá, DLB-ben gyakoribb az
Alzheimer-kórra (AD) jellegzetes β-amyloid-plakkok és neurofibrillaris kötegek
megjelenése. A mai napig vitatott, hogy valóban két külön betegségről vagy
egyazon kórkép különböző megnyilvánulásairól van-e szó. A klinikai diagnózis
alapja a motoros és a kognitív tünetek megjelenése között eltelt idő: DLB-ben a
demencia gyakran a parkinsonizmus előtt jelentkezik, míg PDD-ben a motoros
tünetek alakulnak ki korábban. Az egyre pontosabb képalkotó módszerek alapján
DLB-ben nagyobb mértékű a corticalis károsodás, a kolinerg deficit, valamint a
társuló AD-patológia, mint PDD-ben. Terápiás szempontból a PDD-ben gyakran
használt levodopa DLB-ben kevésbé hatékony, sőt növelheti a pszichózis
kialakulásának kockázatát, a betegség magtüneteihez tartozó hallucinációk és
viselkedési tünetek kezelése pedig a jelentős
antipszichotikum-hiperszenzitivitás miatt ütközik nehézségekbe.
Összefoglalónkban részletesen tárgyaljuk a kórképek jellegzetességeit a
patológia, a radiológia és a klinikai tünetek vonatkozásában, külön figyelmet
fordítva az átfedések, valamint a különbségek bemutatására. Orv Hetil. 2020;
161(18): 727–737.
Kompetencje poszukiwane przez pracodawców – wyniki badań jakościowych
Authors: Turek Dariusz 
Published: April 2020

Objective: The aim of the article is to analyse the expectations employers have of job candidates. The study focuses on HR managers’ assessments of the labour market, recruitment opportunities for new employees, and competence requirements for candidates.Research Design & Methods: The article presents the results of qualitative research (focus group interviews – FGI) conducted among 80 employees of HR departments (managers) of various organisations located in eight large cities in Poland.Findings: The managers pointed to increasing difficulties in finding competent employees, the gap between formal and non-formal education and the needs of employers, as well as job candidates’ poorly developed social skills.Implications / Recommendations: The industries surveyed are experiencing great difficulties in recruiting employees for specific positions, particularly experts.Contribution: The mismatch of the supply of competences and the labour market’s expectations, as well as the high saturation characterising the market, are preventing organisations from staffing appropriately.
The Economic Impact of Climate Change in Italy
Authors: Fragomeni Fabio , Rizzo Rosalba 
Published: April 2020

Objective: In addition to being a threat to human health and life, climate change is an economic threat. The objectives of this article are to reflect on the consequences of global warming on Italian economic dynamics and to report on the costs and benefits of adapting strategies in a specific area at risk in Italy, particularly coastal erosion/flooding.Research Design & Methods: The article places particular emphasis on the analysis of the situation in this area to be used for proper economic evaluation.Findings: While the climate change does not end at level of the economy, reflecting on prospective economic losses can help to understand climate risks. The research is limited by a lack of analysis involving other coastal areas at risk in Italy.Implications / Recommendations: The strategies adapted in these areas at risk pose new interesting questions about the climate risks.Contribution: The study examines global warming and highlights the strategy of adaptation as a process for reducing our vulnerability to the harmful effects of climate change.