bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Negative Affect in Differentiating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Their Comorbidity Among United States Veterans
Authors: Klein Alexandra B. , Dutra Sunny J. , Bovin Michelle J. , Keane Terence M. , Marx Brian P. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFollowing trauma exposure, two frequently co‐occurring forms of psychopathology include posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Although these diagnoses have been identified as distinct constructs, the proper classification of these disorders remains a challenge due to overlapping symptoms. Instead, systematically establishing higher‐ and lower‐order personality traits associated with each diagnosis may avoid this confound and improve differential diagnosis. In the present study, we examined how higher‐order negative affect and its lower‐order facets (i.e., anxiousness, emotional lability, and separation insecurity) may be associated with a diagnosis of PTSD only, MDD only, both diagnoses, or neither diagnosis. Participants were 1,175 veterans enrolled in the Veterans After Discharge Longitudinal Registry. Higher‐ and lower‐order negative affect were assessed using the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 (PID‐5), and PTSD and MDD diagnoses were based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐5 (SCID‐5). Multinomial logistic regressions were used to model the association between higher‐ and lower‐order negative affect and diagnostic status, after controlling for potential covariates. Diagnostic utility analyses were conducted to examine the degree to which higher‐ and lower‐order negative affect classified participants across groups. Higher‐order negative affect and lower‐order anxiousness differentiated diagnostic groups, ORs = 1.76–4.66, and had strong specificity and negative predictive value for individuals with PTSD and MDD and those with MDD only. These findings help explain the role of higher‐order negative affect and lower‐order anxiousness in differentiating PTSD from MDD and comorbid PTSD and MDD and may have implications for assessment, differential diagnosis, and treatment planning.
Putting the Patient Back in Clinical Significance: Moderated Nonlinear Factor Analysis for Estimating Clinically Significant Change in Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Saavedra Lissette M. , Morgan‐López Antonio A. , Hien Denise A. , Killeen Therese K. , Back Sudie E. , Ruglass Lesia M. , Fitzpatrick Skye , Lopez‐Castro Teresa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present study introduced a modernized approach to Jacobson and Truax's (1991) methods of estimating treatment effects on individual‐level (a) movement from the clinical to the normative range and (b) reliable change on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity. Participants were 450 trauma‐exposed women (M age = 39.2 years, SD = 8.9, range: 18–65 years) who presented to seven geographically diverse community mental health and substance use treatment centers. Data from 53 of these women, none of whom met the criteria for full or subthreshold PTSD, were used to establish the normative range. Using moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA) scale scoring, which weights symptoms by their clinical relevance, a significantly larger proportion of participants moved into the normative range for PTSD severity scores and/or exhibited reliable changes after treatment compared to the same individuals’ movement when using symptom counts. Further, approximately 24% of the participants showed discrepant judgments on reliable change indices (RCI) between MNLFA scores and symptom counts, likely due to the false assumption that the standard error of measurement is equal for all levels of underlying PTSD severity when estimating RCIs with symptom counts. An MNLFA approach to estimating underlying PTSD severity can provide clinically meaningful information about individual‐level change without the de facto assumption that PTSD symptoms have equivalent weight. Study implications are discussed with regard to a joint emphasis on (a) measurement models that highlight differential symptom weighting and (b) treatment‐arm differences in individual‐level outcomes rather than the current overemphasis of treatment‐arm differences on group‐averaged trajectories.
Effects of Low‐Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Myelosuppression of Rats Induced by Chemotherapy Drugs With Cell Cycle Specificity
Authors: Wang Wei , Chen Junlin , Luo Dong , Chen Jinyun , Xu Haopeng , Chen Wenzhi , Wang Yan 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesTo explore the ameliorating effects of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on Sprague Dawley rat myelosuppression induced by cell cycle specificity drugs (docetaxel, mitotic phase sensitive; and etoposide, gap 2 phase sensitive).MethodsRats were respectively administered docetaxel (100 mg/kg) or etoposide (110 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection for 4 consecutive days. Then the rats were divided randomly into a LIPUS group and a non‐LIPUS group. In the LIPUS group, the right femoral metaphysis of rats was treated by LIPUS (acoustic intensity, 200 mW/cm2; frequency, 0.3 MHz; and duty cycle, 20%) for 20 minutes on 7 consecutive days from day 5. The rats of the non‐LIPUS group were treated without ultrasound output. A blood cell count, an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, a real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and hematoxylin–eosin staining were applied to detect the results.ResultsLow‐intensity pulsed ultrasound significantly promoted the counts of bone marrow nucleated cells, white blood cells, immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor, stem cell factor, and intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 and reduced the counts of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 whether in the docetaxel or etoposide group (P < .05). Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound only increased the expression level of IgM in the docetaxel group but decreased the level of interleukin 6 in the etoposide group (P < .05).ConclusionsLow‐intensity pulsed ultrasound has potential to be a noninvasive treatment for myelosuppression caused by different cell cycle–sensitive chemotherapy drugs.
Metabolites of microbiota response to tryptophan and intestinal mucosal immunity: A therapeutic target to control intestinal inflammation
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhu Shengwei , Ma Ning , Johnston Lee J. , Wu Chaodong , Ma Xi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn a complex, diverse intestinal environment, commensal microbiota metabolizes excessive dietary tryptophan to produce more bioactive metabolites connecting with kinds of diverse process, such as host physiological defense, homeostasis, excessive immune activation and the progression and outcome of different diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome and others. Although commensal microbiota includes bacteria, fungi, and protozoa and all that, they often have the similar metabolites in tryptophan metabolism process via same or different pathways. These metabolites can work as signal to activate the innate immunity of intestinal mucosa and induce the rapid inflammation response. They are critical in reconstruction of lumen homeostasis as well. This review aims to seek the potential function and mechanism of microbiota‐derived tryptophan metabolites as targets to regulate and shape intestinal immune function, which mainly focused on two aspects. First, analyze the character of tryptophan metabolism in bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and assess the functions of their metabolites (including indole and eight other derivatives, serotonin (5‐HT) and d‐tryptophan) on regulating the integrity of intestinal epithelium and the immunity of the intestinal mucosa. Second, focus on the mediator and pathway for their recognition, transfer and crosstalk between microbiota‐derived tryptophan metabolites and intestinal mucosal immunity. Disruption of intestinal homeostasis has been described in different intestinal inflammatory diseases, available data suggest the remarkable potential of tryptophan‐derived aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists, indole derivatives on lumen equilibrium. These metabolites as preventive and therapeutic interventions have potential to promote proinflammatory or anti‐inflammatory responses of the gut.
Recent developments in controlling sternal wound infection after cardiac surgery and measures to enhance sternal healing
Authors: Pradeep Aathira , Rangasamy Jayakumar , Varma Praveen Kerala 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOne of the major risks of cardiac surgery is the occurrence of infection at the sternal wound site. Sternal wound infections are primarily classified into superficial infection and deep sternal wound infection or mediastinitis. A patient is diagnosed with mediastinitis if microorganisms are present in their mediastinal tissue/fluid or with the observation of sternal wound infection during operation and with characteristic symptoms including chest pain, fever, and purulent drainage from the mediastinum. It is usually caused by Staphylococcal organisms in 75.8% of cases and the rest is caused by gram‐negative bacteria. Currently, in cardiac surgery, hemostasis is achieved using electrocautery and bone wax, and the sternum is closed using wire cerclage. Several studies show that bone wax can act as a nidus for initiation of infection and the oozing blood and hematoma at the site can promote the growth of infectious organisms. Many research groups have developed different types of biomaterials and reported on the prevention of infection and healing of the sternum. These materials are reported to have both positive and negative effects. In this review, we highlight the current clinical practices undertaken to prevent infection and bleeding as well as research progress in this field and their outcomes in controlling bleeding, infection, and enhancing sternal healing.
Numerical solutions and conservation laws of the time fractional coupled WBK‐type system
Authors: Liu Jian‐Gen , Yang Xiao‐Jun , Feng Yi‐Ying , Geng Lu‐Lu 
Published: November 2020

In this article, the general form of the fractional reduced differential transform method (FRDTM) to the (N + 1)‐dimensional cases was presented. Then, we applied the general FRDTM to handle the time fractional couple Whitham‐Broer‐Kaup's (WBK)‐type system. As a result, the numerical solution of this considered model was found. Next, based on the concepts of the nonlinear self‐adjointness and Noether operators, conservation laws for the time fractional coupled WBK‐type system was yielded. The results of the above obtained can help us better understand physics phenomena arising in describing propagation of shallow water waves.
Dual band bandpass filter based on semi‐circular mushroom loaded substrate integrated waveguide
Authors: Chaudhury Soumit Samadder , Awasthi Seema , Singh Rajat Kumar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a dual band bandpass filter by loading two semi‐circular mushroom resonators (ScMRs) inside the cavity of a circular substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). TM101 and TM201 modes of the mushroom resonator loaded circular SIW cavity are excited to generate the first and second passbands respectively. As the proposed bandpass filter is based on circular SIW cavity, the passbands of the filter undergo relatively low insertion loss (IL) compared to other referred works. The selectivity is improved by generating four transmission zeros (TZs); two TZs are generated in between the two passbands by cross coupling the excited modes of the resonators and other two TZs are generated in lower and upper stopband by the source to load coupling. The passbands of the proposed filter are centred at 2.24 GHz and 4.35 GHz with 13% and 6.2% fractional bandwidth (FBW) respectively. A prototype of the proposed dual bandpass filter occupying a compact area of 0.3λ0 × 0.3λ0 is fabricated in Rogers RT/Duroid 5880. The measured minimum insertion losses for the first and second passbands are 0.9 dB and 1.1 dB respectively with a good agreement observed between simulated and measured results.
Pediatric early warning score versus a paediatric triage tool in the emergency department: A reliability study
Authors: Branes Hanne , Solevåg Anne Lee , Solberg Marianne Trygg 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimIn the paediatric emergency department (PED), it is important to correctly prioritize children for physician assessment. The pediatric early warning score (PEWS), although not a triage tool, is often used for PED triage. The scandinavian Rapid Emergency Triage and Treatment System‐pediatric (RETTS‐p) is a reliability tested triage tool. We aimed to compare PEWS and RETTS‐p in a Norwegian PED.DesignA reliability study.MethodsThe PED nurse routinely did PEWS observations, while the principal investigator concomitantly made RETTS‐p observations. Inter‐tool agreement was calculated for the complete PEWS and RETTS‐p and for vital signs scores, disregarding the RETTS‐p emergency symptoms and signs (ESS).ResultsRapid Emergency Triage and Treatment System‐pediatric assigned a higher urgency than PEWS. The inter‐tool agreement between PEWS and RETTS‐p was low (weighted kappa [95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.32 [0.24–0.40]]). Weighted kappa (95% CI) was 0.50 (0.41–0.59) for PEWS and RETTS‐p without ESS, indicating that PEWS is not equivalent to five‐level triage tools.
Mission‐first social enterprises: A case study of how three nonprofit organizations avoided mission drift when forming and operating social enterprises
Authors: Jones Jennifer A. , Krasynska Svitlana , Donmoyer Robert 
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine how leaders of nonprofit social enterprises manage the tension between social mission and financial goals to avoid mission drift. The study employed a case study/cross‐case analysis design and used the qualitative research methods of interviewing, document review, and participant observation. We found tremendous variation in the strategies created for the organizations included in the study (n = 3). We labeled strategies as (a) structured ignorance, (b) problem reframing, and (c) defensible trade‐offs. Further research is needed to identify a comprehensive typology of strategies; however, there are immediate practical and social implications of this study. Specifically, the strategies identified here can be considered by nonprofit practitioners struggling with the mission/money tension. Additionally, these strategies challenge commonly held beliefs about the relationship among nonprofits, social service, and revenue generating activities.
Obesity in Midlife Hampers Resting and Sensory‐Evoked Cerebral Blood Flow in Mice
Authors: Soleimanzad Haleh , Montaner Mireia , Ternier Gaëtan , Lemitre Mathilde , Silvestre Jean‐Sébastien , Kassis Nadim , Giacobini Paolo , Magnan Christophe , Pain Frédéric , Gurden Hirac 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of a high‐fat diet (HFD) and aging on resting and activity‐dependent cerebral blood flow (CBF).MethodsTo run a comparison between obese and age‐matched control animals, 6‐week‐old mice were fed either with regular chow or an HFD for 3 months or 8 months. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were assessed for metabolic phenotyping. Resting and odor‐evoked CBF at the microvascular scale in the olfactory bulb (OB) was investigated by multiexposure speckle imaging. Immunolabeling‐enabled imaging of solvent‐cleared organs was used to analyze vascular density. The ejection fraction was studied by using cardioechography. Olfactory sensitivity was tested by using a buried‐food test.ResultsGlucose intolerance and compromised odor‐evoked CBF were observed in obese mice in the younger group. Prolonged HFD feeding triggered insulin resistance and stronger impairment in activity‐dependent CBF. Aging had a specific negative impact on resting CBF. There was no decrease in vascular density in the OB of obese mice, although cardiac function was impaired at both ages. In addition, decreased olfactory sensitivity was observed only in the older, middle‐aged obese mice.ConclusionsOB microvasculature in obese mice showed a specific functional feature characterized by impaired sensory‐evoked CBF and a specific deleterious effect of aging on resting CBF.
Real‐world reproducibility study characterizing patients newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma using Clinical Practice Research Datalink, a UK‐based electronic health records database
Authors: Seesaghur Anouchka , Petruski‐Ivleva Natalia , Banks Victoria , Wang Jocelyn Ruoyi , Mattox Pattra , Hoeben Edwin , Maskell Joe , Neasham David , Reynolds Shannon L. , Kafatos George 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeWe evaluated the reproducibility of a study characterizing newly‐diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients within an electronic health records (EHR) database using different analytic tools.MethodsWe reproduced the findings of a descriptive cohort study using an iterative two‐phase approach. In Phase I, a common protocol and statistical analysis plan (SAP) were implemented by independent investigators using the Aetion Evidence Platform® (AEP), a rapid‐cycle analytics tool, and SAS statistical software as a gold standard for statistical analyses. Using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) dataset, the study included patients newly diagnosed with MM within primary care setting and assessed baseline demographics, conditions, drug exposure, and laboratory procedures. Phase II incorporated analysis revisions based on our initial comparison of the Phase I findings. Reproducibility of findings was evaluate by calculating the match rate and absolute difference in prevalence between the SAS and AEP study results.ResultsPhase I yielded slightly discrepant results, prompting amendments to SAP to add more clarity to operational decisions. After detailed specification of data and operational choices, exact concordance was achieved for the number of eligible patients (N = 2646), demographics, comorbidities (i.e., osteopenia, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease [CVD], and hypertension), bone pain, skeletal‐related events, drug exposure, and laboratory investigations in the Phase II analyses.ConclusionsIn this reproducibility study, a rapid‐cycle analytics tool and traditional statistical software achieved near‐exact findings after detailed specification of data and operational choices. Transparency and communication of the study design, operational and analytical choices between independent investigators were critical to achieve this reproducibility.
Functional outcomes after robot‐assisted pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction: A bi‐centre experience
Authors: Popelin Marie‐Bérénice , Pinar Ugo , Benamran Daniel , Ingels Alexandre , Parra Jérome , Vaessen Christophe , Seisen Thomas , de La Taille Alexandre , Roupret Morgan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundRobot‐assisted pyeloplasty (RALP) for patients with clinically symptomatic ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is increasing and needs assessment.MethodsPatients who underwent RALP for UPJO in two academic centres were included. Demographic and perioperative data were collected retrospectively. UPJO was evaluated by imaging pre‐ and post‐surgery. Patients had follow‐up consultations 3,6 and 12 months post‐surgery. Global success was defined as a clinical response plus radiographic evidence of no further obstruction 3‐months post‐surgery.ResultsOverall 214 patients (median age: 40 years [interquartile range:30.3–54.0]) were included. Fourteen patients (6.5%) had undergone previous surgery for UPJO. Thirty patients (14%) suffered complication: urinoma (n = 13; 6.1%), pyelonephritis (n = 15; 7%) and retroperitoneal haematomas (n = 2; 0.9%). Repeated early surgery was necessary in eight patients (3.6%). Seven patients had a recurrence of UPJO and six (2.9%) underwent repeated surgery. Radiological success rate was 96.7% whereas global success rate was 91%.ConclusionsRALP was a reliable, effective and safe treatment for UPJO with a high global and radiologic success rate.
Maca extracts and estrogen replacement therapy in ovariectomized rats exposed at high altitude
Authors: Ybañez‐Julca Roberto O. , Asunción‐Alvarez Daniel , Palacios Javier , Nwokocha Chukwuemeka R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPurposeHormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) and herbal remedies are often used to alleviate menopausal symptoms, but their effects and efficacy at high altitudes presents with several uncertainties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether pre‐treatment with maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp) improved the tolerance to high altitude on an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model at sea level.MethodThe animals were treated with 17β‐estradiol (200 µg/kg; E2), red and black maca (1.5 g/kg) for 28 days and exposed at high altitude or sea level.ResultOur findings showed that red and black maca extracts significantly (P < .001) reduced the MDA level in OVX rat serum under hypoxia in a similar way to E2. Red and black maca extracts had similar effects with E2, by significantly (P < .001) reversing and increasing the ovariectomized induced decrease in cornified endometrial cell number. Under hypoxic conditions, the black maca (P < .05) and E2 (P < .01) increased the uterine weight in OVX rats. Finally, E2 alone significantly recovered the frequency of the uterine contractile response.ConclusionAqueous extract of L. meyenii partially protects the reproductive function in hypobaric hypoxic environment, through the recovery of the cornified endometrial cells and uterine weight in a menopausal model of OVX rats.
Approximate analytical solution and parameter estimation for one‐dimensional horizontal absorption based on the van Genuchten–Mualem model
Authors: Su Lijun , Hou Linfang , Zhou Beibei , Shan Yuyang , Duan Manli , Sun Yan , Ning Songrui , Wang Quanjiu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe van Genuchten–Mualem (VGM) model is used to describe the absorption of water by soil. The model is highly nonlinear, so developing a simple analytical or approximate method to predict the movement of soil water via the VGM model then estimating the model parameters is necessary. We present a approximate functional extremum solution (FES) for the problem of one‐dimensional horizontal absorption (1DHA) of water in soil under constant saturated boundary conditions and uniform initial conditions based on the least action and the variational principles. Simple linear relationships between the infiltration characteristics (distribution of soil water content, cumulative infiltration, infiltration rate, wetting front distance, and infiltration time) and the VGM model parameters were obtained. We developed a simple approximate analytical method for estimating the VGM model parameters by testing 1DHA. Numerical data simulated by HYDRUS‐1D were compared with the analytical results and used to verify our method's feasibility. The results indicated that the FES could accurately predict the infiltration characteristics, with relative errors between the approximate analytical and numerical solutions of 0.8 to 8.5% for the distribution of soil water content, 0.1 to 0.8% for cumulative infiltration, 1.1 to 6.4% for infiltration rate, and 0.1 to 6.9% for wetting front distance. Estimates of the parameters indicated that errors ranged from 3.2 to 28.3% for α (inverse of the mean pore diameter) and 0.4 to 8.0% for n (pore size distribution index). The proposed methods can be used to predict 1DHA and to estimate α and n in the VGM model.