bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SCAP: Enhancing Image Captioning through Lightweight Feature Sifting and Hierarchical Decoding
Authors: Zhag Yuhao , Tong JiaQi , Liu Honglin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Image captioning aims to generate descriptive captions for visual content, thereby strengthening the connection between images and their semantic meanings. In this paper, we propose SCAP, a novel lightweight model that enhances image captioning through an innovative sifting attention mechanism. SCAP incorporates a summary module and a forget module within its encoder to refine visual information, discarding noise and retaining essential details. The hierarchical decoder then leverages sifting attention to align image features with text captions, generating accurate and contextually relevant descriptions. Extensive experiments on the COCO dataset demonstrate SCAP's superior performance, achieving state-of-the-art results while maintaining computational efficiency. This lightweight model represents a promising solution for resource-constrained scenarios, advancing the field of image captioning.
The FAN score predicts prognosis after platinum-based first-line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Ishizuya Yu , Kawashima Atsunari , Horibe Yuki , Yamamoto Akinaru , Tani Masaru , Yoshimura Akihiro , Liu Yutong , Sassi Nesrine , Oka Toshiki , Okuda Yohei , Uemura Toshihiro , Yamamichi Gaku , Hayashi Takuji , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Kato Taigo , Hatano Koji , Nonomura Norio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

We have reported that the FAN score, which consists of the fibrosis-4 (Fib-4) index, albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) score, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), is a prognostic marker for patients receiving pembrolizumab for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). However, the insight into whether the FAN score is a prognostic factor for platinum-based first-line chemotherapy. We included 126 patients with mUC who received platinum-based first-line chemotherapy. The median PFS and overall survival (OS) were 6.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.5 – 8.0) and 14.0 months (95% CI: 11.1 – 16.9), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that Fib-4 index (HR 3.85, 95% CI 1.09 – 13.58, p = 0.036), ALBI score (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.01 – 2.31, p = 0.045), and NLR (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.14 – 2.71, p = 0.010) were independently associated with PFS. The FAN score was also associated with PFS (HR 2.52, 95% CI 1.60 – 3.98, p < 0.001). The median PFS for patients with low FAN score (≤1) and those with high FAN score (≥2) were 7.8 (95% CI 5.0 – 9.0) months and 3.0 (95% CI 1.6 – 5.8) months, respectively. In conclusion, the FAN score is a prognostic factor in patients with mUC treated with platinum-based first-line chemotherapy.
WITHDRAWN: Exploring the Molecular Mechanism of Estrogen Therapy Effectiveness after TCRA in IUA Patients at single-cell level
Authors: Du Yue , Shuai Ruzhen , Luo Sang , Jin Yiran , Xu Fengjuan , Zhang Jingyi , Liu Dan , Feng Limin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is a common cause of clinically refractory infertility, and there exists significant heterogeneity in the treatment outcomes among IUA patients with the similar severity after transcervical resection of adhesion(TCRA). The underlying mechanism of different treatment outcomes occur remains elusive, and the precise contribution of various cell subtypes in this process remains uncertain.
Results
Here, we performed single-cell transcriptome sequencing on 10 human endometrial samples to establish a single-cell atlas differences between patients who responded to estrogen therapy and those who did not. The results showed increased infiltration of immune cells such as monocyte macrophages, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells in patients who did not respond to estrogen therapy. Our findings indicate that distinct fibroblast subsets are implicated in the modulation of the Wnt, Hippo, and Hedgehog signaling pathways, as evidenced by functional enrichment analyses. This may have implications for the therapeutic efficacy in patients with IUA. Furthermore, we delineated the markers and transcriptional status of different macrophage subsets and identified two cell clusters, CXCL10high and CCL4L2high macrophage subsets, which are intimately associated with inflammation and fibrosis. The state of fibrosis and inflammatory response in human endometrial tissues with disparate treatment outcomes is revealed, and providing evidence to clarify the underlying determinants of sensitivity to estrogen therapy.
Conclusions
We described the transcriptional status of different cell subtypes in the two groups of patients, providing new ideas for exploring the molecular mechanism of the difference in the effectiveness of estrogen therapy in patients, and providing theoretical basis for providing precise and individualized treatment plans for IUA patients.
Associations between C-reactive protein-triglyceride glucose index and Endometriosis: the NHANES 1999-2006
Authors: Ren Yanan , Xu Ren , Zhang Junqin , Jin Ying , Zhang Di , Wang Yazhuo , Su Luyang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: The C-reactive protein-triglyceride glucose index (CTI), a promising new marker, could evaluate the extent of inflammation. Endometriosis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition that is influenced by estrogen and primarily impacts individuals of reproductive age. However, no investigated have shown association of the CTI with endometriosis.
Methods: In total, 2235 women in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from the 1999-2006 were included. The CTI was deﬁned as 0.412 × ln (CRP) + ln [T.G. (mg/dL) × FPG (mg/dL)/2]. Multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic splines, and subgroup analyses were employed to examine the association of CTI with endometriosis.
Results：Totally 2235 women were included, of whom 175 (7.82%) had endometriosis and 2060(92.18%) did not have endometriosis (named control). In comparison to the control group, patients exhibited a tendency toward higher CTI levels (P =0.005). CTI levels were positive associated with the prevalence of endometriosis (P =0.011). In Model 1, 1 mg/dL increment in CTI was associated with a 56% higher prevalence of endometriosis (OR: 1.563, 95% CI: 1.295–1.885, P < 0.001). This association in Model 2 (OR: 1.609, 95% CI: 1.334-1.941, P ＜ 0.001) and Model 3 (OR: 1.565, 95% CI: 1.246–1.966, P < 0.001) remained significant. Notably, individuals in the uppermost RC tertial exhibited a notably greater prevalence of endometriosis than those in the lowest tertial (OR = 3.029, P for trend = 0.051). The results from the restricted cubic splines indicated a nonlinear positive association between CTI and the prevalence of endometriosis. In addition, the higher endometriosis prevalence with CTI in >40 years (OR = 1.57, 95% CI:1.16 , 2.13), BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (OR =1.38, 95% CI: 1.06,1.80), smoking ≥ 100 cigarettes (OR =1.43, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.96), married or living with partner (OR =1.41, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.85) and taking oral contraceptives (OR =1.35, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.69) was observed.
Conclusions: CTI is positively associated with endometriosis in US women. Therefore, the use of CTI as a new indicator of inflammation may help provide new insights into the prevention and management of endometriosis.
Evaluating the Risk of Comorbidity Onset in Elderly Patients After a Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Islam Md Tamzid , Saif Md Saiful Islam , Alam Naima , Pepper Sam , Ratnayake Isuru , Mudaranthakam Dinesh Pal 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Cancer is a critical disease that affects a person physically, mentally, socially, and in many other aspects. During the treatment stage of cancer, patients suffer from various health complexities, especially elderly people, which might result in the onset of other diseases development of a comorbid condition. Several studies have shown comorbidity plays a crucial role in cancer survival. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive statistical techniques at the national level studies to assess the significance of comorbidities development in cancer. Our research aims to address this gap by comparing cancer and non-cancer individuals over four years’ time period.
Methods: The Health Retirement Study (HRS) data was used to extract information from 6651 participants aged more than 50. Within a 4-year time span, cross-sectional observations were created whether comorbidities or not based on the development of diseases such as high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, lung disease, and psychological disease.
Results: The multivariable logistic regression model, we observe higher chances of developing comorbidity (OR=1.321, p-value 0.0051) among the cancer group compared to the non-cancer group, adjusting the socio-economic factors. Moreover, the socio-economic factors were found to be significantly associated with cancer leading to applying the propensity score matching with (1:3 matching). Finally, the balanced data also showed significantly higher chances of developing comorbidity (OR=1.294, p-value 0.0207) among cancer patients.
Conclusions: The above findings demonstrated the imperative development of enhanced treatment protocols, which prioritize the overall health of cancer patients, thereby reducing their susceptibility to additional illnesses.
Evaluation of renal oxidative stress in patients with chronic kidney disease using 64 Cu-ATSM PET/MRI
Authors: Huang Ya’nan , Nishikawa Yudai , Mori Tetsuya , Nogami Munenobu , Makino Akira , Kiyono Yasushi , Toyama Tadashi , Okazawa Hidehiko 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to investigate renal oxidative stress (OS) and its relationship with disease severity in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) using positron emission tomography coupled with magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI), employing 64Cu-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazonate) (64Cu-ATSM) as the PET tracer for OS imaging. Thirty patients with CKD (66.4 ± 8.2 y.o.) and seven healthy controls (HC) subjects (58.3 ± 3.8 y.o.) underwent 64Cu-ATSM PET/MRI. Participants were categorized into three groups based on their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR): HC, mild CKD (stages 2-3a), and advanced CKD (stages 3b-5). All subjects underwent 30-min dynamic PET/MRI starting with the injection of 64Cu-ATSM to evaluate renal blood flow (RBF) and OS levels. RBF (mL/min/100g) images were calculated from the first 3 min PET data, and standardized uptake value (SUV) images were obtained from delayed frames of 15–30 min after injection. The 64Cu-ATSM SUV images were corrected using individual RBF images to estimate the OS levels of individual kidneys using the following equation: OS index = (SUV/RBF)x100. Significant correlation was observed between eGFR and RBF (r = 0.81, P < 0.001). RBF in patients with advanced CKD is significantly lower than that in HC (P < 0.001) and patients with mild CKD (P = 0.004). 64Cu-ATSM SUV did not differ significantly among the three groups (P = 0.171). 64Cu-ATSM SUVs did not correlate with creatinine in the HC subjects or in the patients with CKD. However, these values did correlate with eGFR (r = 0.33, P = 0.049) in all subjects, whereas the CKD patients showed no significant correlation. Following RBF correction, the OS index demonstrated significant correlations with creatinine (r = 0.75, P < 0.001), eGFR (r= -0.65, P < 0.001), and CKD stages (r = 0.57, P < 0.001) in all subjects. This preliminary study has revealed that 64Cu-ATSM PET may provide a reasonable estimate of renal OS reasonably in CKD patients noninvasively. Increased OS index values were correlated with the CKD stages and creatinine levels, suggesting that OS increases with the severity of renal dysfunction.
Efficacy of Nutrient Supplements in Managing Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients: A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zheng Hong Yan , Zhang Hao-yu , Wu Kuang-hao , Cai Wen-jie , Li Zhou-zhou , Song Xin-yu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: COPD patients suffering from malnutrition or sarcopenia often incur higher healthcare costs and experience adverse clinical outcomes. Despite this, the effectiveness of nutrient supplements in this population remains uncertain.
Methods and analysis: Two reviewers will independently search seven databases—PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and the Cochrane Library—for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published before August 31, 2024. These RCTs should compare the effects of nutrient supplements against either a standard diet or placebo supplements in patients with COPD. The risk of bias in the included studies will be evaluated using the modified Jadad scale and the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. Data synthesis will be conducted using RevMan software. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) will be applied to the primary outcomes. Additionally, subgroup and sensitivity analyses will be performed to assess the robustness of the findings.
Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not required because this study is a secondary analysis of existing data. We will disseminate the findings through peer- reviewed publications.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024585694.
How can China achieve a territorial spatial governance path that synergizes development and protection? A solution based on the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature
Authors: Ou Dinghua , Ruan Kun , Yang Ziheng , Shu Chang , Yan Zijia , Zhou Rui , Qin Jing , Gao Xuesong , Xia Jianguo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

The contradiction between economic development and ecological protection has become a common problem faced by the territorial space governance of developing countries or regions around the world. The reconstruction of the territorial spatial functional pattern (TSFP) can provide a spatial governance path for coordinated development and protection. However, existing research has not given enough attention to the coupling and symbiotic relationship between humans and nature when restructuring of the TSFP, resulting in significant functional conflicts, weak stability, and a lack of balance between ecological and economic benefits. This has not effectively achieved synergy between development and protection. How to achieve the reconstruction of the TSFP of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature? It is still a challenge for synergizing development and protection through the path of TSFP reconstruction. This study innovatively applies game theory and real variable function theory to establish a territorial spatial functional pattern reconstruction (TSFPR) model for harmonious coexistence between humans and nature, and has been validated in Qionglai City, China. Empirical evidence shows that compared with conventional methods, the functional conflicts in the TSFP established by the TSFPR model have been significantly alleviated, stability has been significantly improved, and ecological and economic benefits have been significantly enhanced, achieving the expected harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Further analysis confirms that the established territorial spatial functional conflict coordination (TSFCC) index provides a reliable criterion for identifying superior territorial spatial functions (TSFs). The proposed TSFPR model extends the theory of spatial optimization modeling and provides a tool for the TSFP reconstruction of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. In short, using the TSFPR model to reconstruct TSFP of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature provides a new implementation solution for the territorial spatial governance path of the coordinated development and protection.
Choroid Plexus Free-Water Correlates with Glymphatic function and Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Li Binyin , Xu Xiaomeng , Yang Xinyuan , Zhang Junfang , Wang Yan , Selim Magdy , Zheng Yingting , Shen Ruinan , Sun Lipeng , Huang Qi , Wang Wenjing , Xu Wei , Guan Yihui , Liu Jun , Deng Yulei , Xie Fang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Free-water imaging of the choroid plexus (CP) is an index revealing components of the CP, which may improve the evaluation of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our study evaluated free water fraction (FWf) of CP in 216 participants (133 Aβ+ participants and 83 Aβ- controls) continuously enrolled in the Ruijin NeuroBank of Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia (RJNB-D) cohort. The ADNI dataset was used for external validation. Assessments of AD neurodegeneration included Aβ-PET, Tau-PET, synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A-PET scans, and blood biomarkers included glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NFL), neurogranin (NRGN), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α). The CP FWf and diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index were independently associated with Aβ positivity in both RJNB-D and ADNI datasets. Within the Aβ+ group, the negative correlation between CP FWf and DTI-ALPS was validated by two datasets. Furthermore, we observed a partial mediation effect of DTI-ALPS between CP FWf and periventricular white matter hyperintensity (pWMH). Elevated CP FWf was linked to worse Mini-Mental State Examination, increased Tau accumulation, reduced synaptic density, and elevated levels of NFL, GFAP, NRGN, and TNF-α. Longitudinally, CP FWf increased faster in Aβ+ participants than Aβ- controls (time × group interaction effect p = 0.046). The growth of CP FWf was associated with a reduction in DTI-ALPS (ρ = -0.42, p = 0.006), and the growth rate of CP FWf surpassed that of pWMH, Tau, and GFAP. Overall, our findings suggest that elevated CP FWf indicates impaired glymphatic function and AD neurodegeneration.
Trial registration
The study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05623124).
Correlation of Social Ages and BMI Centiles among Children Aged 5 to 15 Years with and without Disability from a Rural Community in Karnataka, India.
Authors: Jacob Ankeeta Menona , Pruthvish Sreekantaiah , Shastry Nanda Kumar Bidare , Shankarappa Mohanraju , Kunnavil Radhika 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Vineland Adaptive Behavioural Scales have been used to evaluate and diagnose social quotients in children. The study aimed to correlate social ages and quotients in children aged 5-15 with and without disabilities in a rural community in Karnataka, India, using Vineland Adaptive Behavioural Scales.
Methods and Material:
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 145 children with disabilities and 145 children without disabilities, aged 5-15 years, in a rural community in Karnataka.
The Bharath Raj’s Indian Adaptation Vineland Social Maturity scale was used for interviews between February 2014 and February 2015. Two scoring methods, "Total correct score match method (TCSM)" and "Add months to year-wise (AMTY)," were employed.The data was analysed in MS Excel using SPSS v 21. BMI centiles were correlated with social age and quotient using Spearman's correlation, with results reported at a significance level of P < 0.05.
Results: Children with disabilities exhibited lower social ages compared to their non-disabled counterparts using both TCSM and AMTY methods. Social ages of both groups correlated positively and significantly with age. Additionally, children with disabilities displayed a significant positive correlation between BMI centiles and social ages using both methods.
Conclusion:
Social quotients children aged 5-15 using both methods on the Vineland Social Maturity Scales exhibited similar results and a strong correlation with actual ages for disabled and non-disabled children. Children with disabilities showed a positive correlation between social age and BMI centiles using both assessment methods.
Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a pan- vascular disease population: a nationally representative study
Authors: Yang Xueyuan , Chen Lei , Xiao Hong , Li Kui , Yang Changlong , Liang Jiafei , Ma Yi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
A novel medical specialty, pan-vascular medicine, has recently emerged for atherosclerosis treatment. Its objective is the integrated management of pan-vascular diseases, including coronary artery cerebrovascular, and peripheral artery diseases. This study aimed to examine the correlation between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and mortality in a population with pan-vascular disease, to assess its predictive value.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study comprised 1,767 individuals with pan-vascular disease sourced from the NHANES database (2001–2016). Study endpoints were all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. The relationship among NLR, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality was examined in a population with a broad range of vascular diseases. Weighted Cox regression analyses and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were conducted. Discrepancies in survival rates between the three groups classified according to NLR were investigated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Prognostic accuracy of the NLR model for mortality in the pan-vascular disease population was evaluated using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration curves.
Results
The median follow-up period for this study was 90 months, during which a total of 832 patients died, including 269 who died of cardiovascular causes. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.07–1.20), p < 0.001] and cardiovascular mortality [HR = 1.14, 95% CI (1.05–1.24), p = 0.001] in individuals with pan-vascular disease. RCS analysis indicated a linear association between NLR and all-cause mortality (p-value for nonlinearity = 0.108) and cardiovascular mortality (p-value for nonlinearity = 0.149) in the population with pan-vascular disease. Risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality was elevated among individuals with higher levels of NLR. NLR model exhibited favorable predictive efficacy for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in the pan-vascular disease population. Furthermore, the calibration curve illustrated the high predictive accuracy of the NLR model for all-cause mortality in the pan-vascular disease population at 3 and 5 years.
Conclusions
NLR is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality in pan-vascular disease populations, and is linearly associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in pan-vascular disease populations and has some predictive value.