bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural vulnerabilities and HIV risk among sexual minority female sex workers (SM-FSW) by identity and behavior in Baltimore, MD
Authors: Glick Jennifer L. , Lim Sahnah , Beckham S. Wilson , Tomko Catherine , Park Ju Nyeong , Sherman Susan G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Research suggests sexual minority female sex workers (SM-FSW) face elevated structural vulnerability and HIV risk compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Structural vulnerabilities reflect societal level factors (e.g., sexism, homophobia, racism) that constrain an individual’s agency, particularly related to health outcomes. This study examines the association between SM status by identity and behavior, structural vulnerability, and HIV risk among a sample of street-based FSW.

Methods
The current study utilizes baseline data from the SAPPHIRE study, a prospective cohort of cis gender and transgender FSW in Baltimore, MD, recruited through targeted time-location sampling from April 2016 to January 2017. The current analysis focuses on cisgender women. The baseline survey ascertained demographics, substance use, intimate partner violence (IPV), and sex work characteristics. Multivariable models were constructed using self-identity and behaviorally defined SM status as independent variables with vulnerability outcomes (e.g., injection drug use, injection speedball, binge drinking, homelessness, physical IPV, ever had a pimp, and being a minor at sex work entry (age < 18)) as dependent variables.

Results
Of the participants (n = 247), 25.5% (n = 63) self-identified as a SM by identity (e.g., gay or bisexual), and 8.5% (n = 21) reported SM behavior (e.g., same-gender sexual behavior) in the past 3 months. In multivariable logistic regression models, SM status by identity was associated with increased odds of injection drug use, binge drinking, homelessness, physical IPV, and being a minor at sex work entry. SM status by behavior was associated with increased odds of binge drinking, homelessness, ever having a pimp, and being a minor at sex work entry.

Conclusion
The study indicates disproportionate structural vulnerability and heightened HIV risk among SM-FSW, as compared to their heterosexual counterparts, with differences in their profile by sexual identity and behavior. Findings suggest a need for nuanced interventions tailored to these populations.
Baseline prevalence and correlates of HIV and HCV infection among people who inject drugs accessing a syringe services program; Miami, FL
Authors: Bartholomew Tyler S. , Onugha Jason , Bullock Corinne , Scaramutti Carolina , Patel Hardik , Forrest David W. , Feaster Daniel J. , Tookes Hansel E. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Blood-borne viral infections, such as HIV and hepatitis C (HCV), are common infections among people who inject drugs (PWID). This study aims to determine the prevalence of HIV and HCV infection among PWID accessing the first legal syringe services program (SSP) in the state of Florida, along with examining baseline correlates of HIV and HCV infection.

Methods
Baseline behavioral enrollment assessments of 837 participants accessing an SSP for the first time were analyzed. Patients self-reporting or testing HIV or HCV positive at the enrollment visit were included. Socio-demographic, drug use, and injection-related risk behaviors in the last 30 days were compared across groups defined by all combinations of HIV and HCV serostatus.
Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess correlates of baseline HCV and HIV infection independently.

Results
Overall prevalence for HCV and HIV infection were 44.4% and 10.2%, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, the most significant correlates of baseline HCV infection were age (aOR = 1.01), lower education level (aOR = 1.13), currently homeless (aOR = 1.16), injecting more than seven times a day (aOR = 1.14), reusing syringes (aOR = 1.18), and sharing injection equipment (aOR = 1.13). The most significant predictors of baseline HIV infection were age (aOR = 1.01), non-Hispanic Black race (aOR = 1.28), Hispanic ethnicity (aOR = 1.12), gay or bisexual orientation (aOR = 1.22), and methamphetamine injection (aOR = 1.22). In addition, heroin injection (aOR = 0.92) was significantly associated with a lower odds of HIV infection.

Discussion/conclusion
Baseline behavioral predictors differed between HIV infection and HCV infection among participants accessing syringe services. Understanding the risk factors associated with each infection should be considered when developing additional harm reduction interventions tailored for diverse PWID populations served at SSPs.
Factor structure and reliability of Persian version of hospital anxiety and depression scale in patients with breast cancer survivors
Authors: Hajian-Tilaki Karimollah , Hajian-Tilaki Erfaneh 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroductionAnxiety and depression are significant concerns in breast cancer patients, and it may remain for a long term after primary treatments. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) is widely used to measure depressive and anxiety symptoms in clinical practices. The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of this scale in Iranian breast cancer survivors.MethodsA total of 305 patients with breast cancer, refered to Cancer Hospital in northen Iran and completed the primary treatments were enrolled in. All patients responded to a 14-item HADS. We performed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the factor structure of HADS and the item-scale analysis in order to estimate the item reliability and consider the Cronbach’s alpha as a measure of internal consistency.ResultsWith a threshold of ≥8, the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms (moderate/severe) was 78.9 and 66.9%, respectively. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for anxiety and depression were 0.81 and 0.78, respectively. The CFA confirmed the two-factor structure model for HADS, indicating a good fitting summary indexes (χ2/df = 2.83, NFI = 0.88, RFI = 0.82, IFI = 0.92, CFI = 0.92, and RMSEA = 0.078).ConclusionThe CFA and item reliability analysis have indicated an excellent psychometric property of the Persian version of HADS to measure depressive and anxiety symptoms in breast cancer survivors. Thus, HADS is a useful screening tool to identify post-breast cancer anxiety and depressive disorders.
Survival outcomes of neoadjuvant versus adjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: a meta-analysis of 36,480 cases
Authors: Xia Lin-Yu , Hu Qing-Lin , Zhang Jing , Xu Wei-Yun , Li Xiao-Shi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The survival outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) versus adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, a meta-analysis was conducted to analyze current evidence on the survival outcomes of NACT versus ACT in TNBC.

Methods
A systematic search was performed on the PubMed and Embase databases to identify relevant articles investigating the survival outcomes of NACT versus ACT in TNBC.

Results
A total of nine studies involving 36,480 patients met the selection criteria. Among them, 10,728 (29.41%) received NACT, and 25,752 (70.59%) received ACT. The pathological complete response (pCR) rate was 35% (95% CI = 0.23–0.48). Compared with ACT, the overall survival (OS) of NACT was poor (HR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.25–2.02; P = 0.0001), and there was no significant difference in disease-free survival (DFS) between the two treatments (HR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.54–1.34; P = 0.49). NACT with pCR significantly improved the OS (HR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.29–0.98; P = 0.04) and DFS (HR = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.29–0.94; P = 0.03), while the OS (HR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.09–1.28; P < 0.0001) and DFS (HR = 2.36; 95% CI = 1.42–3.89; P = 0.0008) of patients with residual disease (RD) following NACT were worse compared to those receiving ACT.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that, for TNBC, NACT with pCR is superior to ACT in improving OS and DFS, and it turns to be opposite when patients are receiving NACT with RD.
Comparable endocrine and neuromuscular adaptations to variable vs. constant gravity-dependent resistance training among young women
Authors: Arazi Hamid , Salek Lida , Nikfal Elham , Izadi Mani , Tufano James J. , Elliott Bradley T. , Brughelli Matt 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundVariable resistance has been shown to induce greater total work and muscle activation when compared to constant resistance. However, little is known regarding the effects of chronic exposure to variable resistance training in comparison with constant resistance training. The aim of the present study was therefore to examine the effects of chain-loaded variable and constant gravity-dependent resistance training on resting hormonal and neuromuscular adaptations.MethodsYoung women were randomly assigned to variable resistance training (VRT; n = 12; age, 23.75 ± 3.64 years; and BMI, 26.80 ± 4.21 kg m−2), constant resistance training (CRT; n = 12; age, 23.58 ± 3.84 years; BMI, 25.25 ± 3.84 kg m−2), or control (Con; n = 12; age, 23.50 ± 2.93 years; BMI, 27.12 ± 12 kg m−2) groups. CRT performed 8-week total-body free-weight training three times per week with moderate-to-high intensity (65–80% 1RM; periodized). VRT was the same as CRT but included variable resistance via chains (15% of total load). Resting serum samples were taken before and after the 8-week intervention for GH, IGF-1, cortisol, myostatin, and follistatin analyses.ResultsBoth VRT and CRT groups displayed moderate-to-large significant increases in GH (197.1%; ES = 0.78 vs. 229.9%; ES = 1.55), IGF-1 (82.3%; ES = 1.87 vs. 66%; ES = 1.66), and follistatin (58.8%; ES = 0.80 vs. 49.15%; ES = 0.80) and decreases in cortisol (− 19.9%; ES = − 1.34 vs. − 17.1%; ES = − 1.05) and myostatin (− 26.9%; ES = − 0.78 vs. − 23.2%; ES = − 0.82). Also, VRT and CRT resulted in large significant increases in bench press (30.54%; ES = 1.45 vs. 25.08%; ES = 1.12) and squat (30.63%; ES = 1.28 vs. 24.81%; ES = 1.21) strength, with no differences between groups.ConclusionsImplementing chain-loaded VRT into a periodized resistance training program can be an effective alternative to constant loading during free-weight RT among untrained young women.
Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation with virtual reality on upper limb function in patients with ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yao Xiaoling , Cui Lijun , Wang Jixian , Feng Wuwei , Bao Yong , Xie Qing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques have been shown in several studies to improve the motor recovery of the affected upper-limbs in stroke patients. This study aims to investigate whether or not cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (c-tDCS), combined with virtual reality (VR), is superior to VR alone in reducing motor impairment and improving upper limb function and quality of life in stroke patients.

Methods
Forty patients who suffered ischemic stroke between 2 weeks to 12 months were recruited for this single-blind randomized control trial. The patients were randomly assigned either to an experimental group who receiving c-tDCS and VR, or a control group receiving sham stimulation and VR. The cathodal electrode was positioned over the primary motor cortex (M1) of the unaffected hemisphere. The treatment session consisted of 20 min of daily therapy, for 10 sessions over a 2-week period. The outcome measures were the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (FM-UE), the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and the Barthel Index (BI).

Results
The two groups were comparable in demographic characteristic and motor impairment. After 2 weeks of intervention, both groups demonstrated significant improvement in FM-UE, ARAT and BI scores (P<0.05).The experiment group demonstrated more improvement in FM-UE than the control group (10.1 vs. 6.4, p = 0.003) and, ARAT (7.0 vs 3.6, p = 0.026) and BI (12.8 vs 8.5, p = 0.043).

Conclusions
The findings from our study support that c-tDCS, along with VR, can facilitate a stronger beneficial effect on upper limb motor impairment, function and quality of life than VR alone in patients with ischemic stroke.

Trial registration
The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1800019386) in November 8, 2018-Retrospectively registered.
A detached leaf assay for testing transient gene expression and gene editing in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.)
Authors: Juranić Martina , Nagahatenna Dilrukshi S. K. , Salinas-Gamboa Rigel , Hand Melanie L. , Sánchez-León Nidia , Leong Weng Herng , How Tracy , Bazanova Natalia , Spriggs Andrew , Vielle-Calzada Jean-Philippe , Koltunow Anna M. G. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
The legume cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is extensively grown in sub-Saharan Africa. Cowpea, like many legumes has proved recalcitrant to plant transformation. A rapid transient leaf assay was developed for testing gene expression and editing constructs prior to stable cowpea transformation, to accelerate cowpea and legume crop improvement.

Results
Attempts to develop a transient protoplast system for cowpea were unsuccessful. Leaflets from plants 3–4 weeks post-germination were age selected to establish a rapid Agrobacterium (Agro) infiltration-mediated transient system for efficacy testing of gene expression and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing constructs. In planta, Agro-infiltration of leaflets with fluorescent expression constructs, resulted in necrosis. By contrast, Agro-infiltration of detached leaflets with an Arabidopsis (At) ubiquitin3 promoter:ZsGreen construct, followed by culture on solid nutrient medium resulted in fluorescence in over 48% of leaf cells. Expression efficiency was leaf age-dependent. Three cowpea meiosis genes were identified for CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing, with the forward aim of meiosis-knock out for asexual seed induction in cowpea. Constructs were designed and tested containing candidate gene-specific guide RNAs, expressed using either the cowpea or Arabidopsis U6 promoters with Cas9 expression directed by either the Arabidopsis 40S ribosomal protein or parsley ubiquitin4-2 promoters. Leaflets were infiltrated with test gene-editing constructs and analytical methods developed to identify gene-specific mutations. A construct that produced mutations predicted to induce functional knockout of in the VuSPO11-1 meiosis gene was tested for efficacy in primary transgenic cowpea plants using a previously established stable transformation protocol. Vuspo11-1 mutants were identified, that cytologically phenocopied spo11-1 mutants previously characterized in Arabidopsis, and rice. Importantly, a biallelic male and female sterile mutant was identified in primary transgenics, exhibiting the expected defects in 100% of examined male and female meiocytes.

Conclusion
The transient, detached cowpea leaf assay, and supporting analytical methods developed, provide a rapid and reproducible means for testing gene expression constructs, and constructs for inducing mutagenesis in genes involved in both vegetative and reproductive developmental programs. The method and tested editing constructs and components have potential application for a range of crop legumes.
Good syndrome with cytomegalovirus hepatitis: successful resection of Thymoma: a case report
Authors: Isobe Sho , Sano Atsushi , Otsuka Hajime , Azuma Yoko , Koezuka Satoshi , Makino Takashi , Sakai Takashi , Ito Takafumi , Maeda Tadashi , Ejima Kozue , Homma Sakae , Iyoda Akira 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Good syndrome is a rare condition, manifesting as immunodeficiency due to hypogammaglobulinemia associated with thymoma. Herein, we present a patient with Good syndrome whose thymoma was resected after treatment of cytomegalovirus hepatitis.

Case presentation
The patient was a 45-year-old woman presenting with fever, cough, and nasal discharge, and was diagnosed with thymoma and hypogammaglobulinemia. She subsequently developed cytomegalovirus hepatitis that was treated by immunoglobulin. After resolution of the hepatitis, she underwent thymectomy through a left anterior thoracotomy. Her postoperative course was uneventful, and while receiving ongoing immunoglobulin therapy, she has been doing well without signs of infection.

Conclusions
Management of infections is important for patients with Good syndrome. To minimize the risk of perioperative infection, we should take care while planning the surgical approach and procedure.
Do investigator meetings improve recruitment rates in clinical trials? A retrospective before-and-after study of data from nine multi-centre clinical trials
Authors: Mitchell E. J. , Godolphin P. J. , Meakin G. , Sprange K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundPoor recruitment in clinical trials is well-documented. In large, multi-centre trials, communication between the coordinating centre and trial sites is essential. A commonly used communication tool is the hosting of an investigator/collaborator meeting, which offers an opportunity for sites to re-train and receive trial updates, learn from each other, share best practice and troubleshoot issues. Anecdotally, there is a perception that recruitment rates may increase after holding such a meeting. The aim of this before-and-after study was to examine any changes in recruitment after an investigator meeting.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of nine trials at the Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit (NCTU) that were open to recruitment between 2014 and 2018. In the 8 weeks prior to the date of the investigator meeting, 82 sites (across nine trials) were open to recruitment; 60 of which attended the meeting, 22 who did not. Using meeting attendance data available in Trial Master Files (TMF) and recruitment data from randomisation datasets, we examined recruitment rates in the 8 weeks prior to and following the date of the investigator meeting.ResultsFor the 82 sites included, 284 participants were recruited in the 8 weeks prior to the meeting, with a further 300 participants recruited in the 8 weeks post meeting. This gives a mean change in weekly recruitment of 0.073 (− 0.129, 0.275) per site, demonstrating no statistically significant increase in recruitment after the investigator meeting. For the 60 attending sites, recruitment increased from 254 participants prior to the meeting to 271 post meeting, giving a 0.100 (− 0.160, 0.360) mean change in weekly recruitment per site, providing no evidence that recruitment rates increase following an investigator meeting.ConclusionThere is no statistical evidence to conclude that holding an investigator meeting increases recruitment in the 8 weeks following the meeting. Thus, if the meeting has been held in the belief that it will have a positive impact upon recruitment, trialists may wish to consider other evidence-based strategies known to increase recruitment rates. However, since there are a variety of reasons why an investigator meeting may be held, trialists should continue to consider this as a communication strategy with sites.
Zoonotic potential of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in pre-weaned Korean native calves
Authors: Hwang Sunwoo , Shin Seung-Uk , Kim SuHee , Ryu Ji-Hyoung , Choi Kyoung-Seong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common microsporidian species infecting humans and various animals worldwide. To date, there has been limited information on the prevalence of infection and genotypes of E. bieneusi in cattle in the Republic of Korea. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence and genotypes of E. bieneusi circulating in pre-weaned Korean native calves and determined the age pattern of E. bieneusi infection and the relationship between E. bieneusi infection and diarrhea.

Methods
The prevalence of E. bieneusi infection in pre-weaned Korean native calves was screened by polymerase chain reaction. PCR-positive products were sequenced to determine the genotype of E. bieneusi. A Chi-square analysis was used to compare the association between diarrhea and the infection rate of E. bieneusi in each age range or for all ages.

Results
PCR and sequencing analysis revealed an overall prevalence (16.9%, 53/314) of E. bieneusi in pre-weaned calves. The prevalence of E. bieneusi was highest in September (36.2%), followed by March (28.3%). Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection was associated with diarrhea in calves (χ2 = 5.82, P = 0.016). Our results also indicated that E. bieneusi infection was significantly associated with calf age (χ2 = 11.61, P = 0.003), and the prevalence of E. bieneusi infection was significantly higher in calves aged 21–40 days-old (odds ratio: 2.90, 95% confidence interval: 1.54–5.45; P = 0.001) than in those aged 1–20 days-old. Interestingly, the association between E. bieneusi infection and diarrhea was observed only in calves aged 1–20 days-old (χ2 = 5.82, P = 0.010). We identified three known genotypes, BEB4 (n = 12), BEB8 (n = 21) and J (n = 16), and three novel genotypes, BEB8-like (n = 21), KCALF1 (n = 1) and KCALF2 (n = 1). The genotype BEB8 was the most prevalent among all age groups. All genotypes identified in this study exhibited zoonotic potential.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first report of the genotype BEB4 in pre-weaned Korean native calves. Zoonotic E. bieneusi infection was prevalent in pre-weaned calves, indicating that cattle may play an important role as a reservoir host for E. bieneusi transmission to humans.
Age-structured vectorial capacity reveals timing, not magnitude of within-mosquito dynamics is critical for arbovirus fitness assessment
Authors: Mayton E. Handly , Tramonte A. Ryan , Wearing Helen J. , Christofferson Rebecca C. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Transmission dynamics of arboviruses like Zika virus are often evaluated by vector competence (the proportion of infectious vectors given exposure) and the extrinsic incubation period (EIP, the time it takes for a vector to become infectious), but vector age is another critical driver of transmission dynamics. Vectorial capacity (VC) is a measure of transmission potential of a vector-pathogen system, but how these three components, EIP, vector competence and vector age, affect VC in concert still needs study.

Methods
The interaction of vector competence, EIP, and mosquito age at the time of infection acquisition (Ageacquisition) was experimentally measured in an Aedes aegypti-ZIKV model system, as well as the age-dependence of probability of survival and the willingness to bite. An age-structured vectorial capacity framework (VCage) was then developed using both EIPMin and EIPMax, defined as the time to first observed minimum proportion of transmitting mosquitoes and the time to observed maximum proportion of transmitting mosquitoes.

Results
The within-mosquito dynamics of vector competence/EIP were not significant among treatments where mosquitoes were exposed at different ages. However, VCage revealed: (i) age-dependence in vector-virus interactions is important for transmission success; (ii) lower vector competence but at shorter EIPs was sufficient for transmission perpetuation; and (iii) R0 may be overestimated by using non-age-structured VC.

Conclusions
The results indicate that ultimately the temporal component of the virus-vector dynamics is most critical, especially when exposure occurred at advanced mosquito age. While our study is limited to a single virus-vector system, and a multitude of other factors affect both vector competence and mosquito mortality, our methods can be extrapolated to these other scenarios. Results indicate that how ‘highly’ or ‘negligibly’ competent vectors are categorized may need adjustment.