bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Piroxicam‐Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Nanocarriers Modified with Salicylic Acid: The Effect on Drug Release
Authors: Otarola Jessica J. , Cobo Solís Airam K. , Mariano Correa N. , Molina Patricia G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPiroxicam‐loaded nanostructured lipid carriers modified with salicylic acid (SA) were developed. The modified system showed similar properties to the previously studied lipid carriers without the acid incorporation but it presents more dynamic characteristics. SA favored the interaction between nanoparticles which was reflected in a size increase in a shorter time. As well, there was a close relationship between the size increase and the drug release performance. Square wave voltammetry was selected as an alternative technique to study the drug release. In vitro studies showed that the nanocarrier system modification caused a piroxicam (PX) fast release, reducing the analysis times. Also, it was observed an increase on the drug release percentage, obtaining values of up to 93 %. Thus, the modified system is able to control and improve the PX release. These results bring out the carrier system versatility, modifying the lipid matrix it is possible to modulate the drug release parameters.
Challenges of gamification in software process improvement
Authors: Alhammad Manal M. , Moreno Ana M. 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTSoftware process improvement (SPI) initiatives have contributed for a long time to the progress of software development. However, the outcome of such initiatives has not always been as effective as expected. The literature of SPI points out that motivation of practitioners involved in SPI initiatives is a critical factor for its success. On the other hand, gamification has been perceived as motivational and has the potential to improve people's engagement. Thus, researchers have been recently investigating the impact of gamification in increasing the motivation and commitment of the organization members involved in SPI. Despite the novelty of the field, we see the integration of gamification and SPI as an opportunity of study and research. The aim of this paper is to investigate and report the state of the practice in this field, identifying key challenges faced by organizations wishing to incorporate gamification into their SPI initiatives. One of the main challenges identified is related to the complexity of gamifying SPI because it involves different organizational roles and aspects that may require designing different gamification strategies. Another relevant issue is the need of more empirical data to provide sound evidence about the real impact of gamification on improving SPI initiatives.
Anwendung des Struktur‐ und Kerbspannungskonzepts in der Praxis – Hinweise und Erfahrungen für Quersteifenanschlussdetails
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Kugler Paul 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIm traditionellen Stahlbau (Brücken‐, Kranbau) werden Ermüdungsnachweise sowie Nachweise der Restlebensdauer von Bestandstragwerken meist auf Basis des Nennspannungskonzepts durchgeführt. Die in anderen Fachbereichen bereits etablierten alternativen Vorgehensweisen nach dem Struktur‐ und Kerbspannungskonzept sind durch die Weiterentwicklung der numerischen Berechnungsmöglichkeiten bereits allgemein verfügbar.Insbesondere bei Bestandstragwerken erhofft man sich durch die Anwendung dieser numerischen Verfahren eine zutreffendere Beurteilung am maßgebenden Konstruktionsdetail und damit verbunden eine Verlängerung der rechnerischen Restlebensdauer. Bei Brücken zeigt sich, dass häufig der Quersteifenanschluss bei Fahrbahnträgern das maßgebende Konstruktionsdetail darstellt und die Restlebensdauer bestimmt. Dieser Beitrag konzentriert sich daher gezielt auf dieses Quersteifenanschlussdetail. Für ein repräsentatives Anwendungsbeispiel werden die Ergebnisse nach Nenn‐, Struktur‐ und Kerbspannungskonzept, auf Basis der Ermüdungsfestigkeiten aktueller Normenwerke (Eurocode, IIW), gegenübergestellt und durch Variation der Geometrieparameter die Einflüsse von Flansch‐ und Steifendicke aufgezeigt.Es erfolgen praktische Hinweise zur zutreffenden FE‐Modellierung und Spannungsberechnung sowie Vorschläge für zusätzliche notwendige Anpassungsfaktoren des Strukturspannungskonzepts, um bei Variation der Flanschdicke ähnliche Ergebnisse wie nach dem Kerbspannungskonzept zu erhalten.
Advances in Template Prepared Nano‐Oxides and their Applications: Polluted Water Treatment, Energy, Sensing and Biomedical Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhao Junkai , Shao Qian , Ge Shengsong , Zhang Jiaoxia , Lin Jing , Cao Dapeng , Wu Shide , Dong Mengyao , Guo Zhanhu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe nano‐oxide materials with special structures prepared by template methods have a good dispersion, regular structures and high specific surface areas. Therefore, in some areas, improved properties are observed than conventional bulk oxide materials. For example, in the treatment of dye wastewater, the treatment efficiency of adsorbents and catalytic materials prepared by template method was about 30 % or even higher than that of conventional samples. This review mainly focuses on the progress of inorganic, organic and biological templates in the preparation of micro‐ and nano‐ oxide materials with special morphologies, and the roles of the prepared materials as adsorbents and photocatalysts in dye wastewater treatment. The characteristics and advantages of inorganic, organic and biological template are also summarized. In addition, the applications of template method prepared oxides in the field of sensors, drug carrier, energy materials and other fields are briefly discussed with detailed examples.
Advances in Artificial Cell Membrane Systems as a Platform for Reconstituting Ion Channels
Authors: Komiya Maki , Kato Miki , Tadaki Daisuke , Ma Teng , Yamamoto Hideaki , Tero Ryugo , Tozawa Yuzuru , Niwano Michio , Hirano‐Iwata Ayumi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn artificial cell membrane that is composed of bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) with transmembrane proteins incorporated within them represents a well‐defined system for the analysis of membrane proteins, especially ion channel proteins that are major targets for drug design. Because the BLM system has a high compatibility with recently developed cell‐free expression systems, it has attracted attention as a next‐generation drug screening system. However, three issues associated with BLM systems, i. e., their instability, the need for non‐volatile organic solvents and a low efficiency of ion channel incorporation, have limited their use as a drug screening platform. In this personal account, we discuss our recent approaches to address these issues based on microfabrication. We also discuss the potential for using the BLM system combined with cell‐free expression systems as a drug screening system for future personalized medicine.
Revisiting non-Gaussianity in multifield inflation with curved field space
Authors: Garcia-Saenz Sebastian , Pinol Lucas , Renaux-Petel Sébastien 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Recent studies of inflation with multiple scalar fields have highlighted the importance of non-canonical kinetic terms in novel types of inflationary solutions. This motivates a thorough analysis of non-Gaussianities in this context, which we revisit here by studying the primordial bispectrum in a general two-field model. Our main result is the complete cubic action for inflationary fluctuations written in comoving gauge, i.e. in terms of the curvature perturbation and the entropic mode. Although full expressions for the cubic action have already been derived in terms of fields fluctuations in the flat gauge, their applicability is mostly restricted to numerical evaluations. Our form of the action is instead amenable to several analytical approximations, as our calculation in terms of the directly observable quantity makes manifest the scaling of every operator in terms of the slow-roll parameters, what is essentially a generalization of Maldacena’s single-field result to non-canonical two-field models. As an important application we derive the single-field effective field theory that is valid when the entropic mode is heavy and may be integrated out, underlining the observable effects that derive from a curved field space.
Intravascular adhesion and recruitment of neutrophils in response to CXCL1 depends on their TRPC6 channels
Authors: Lindemann Otto , Rossaint Jan , Najder Karolina , Schimmelpfennig Sandra , Hofschröer Verena , Wälte Mike , Fels Benedikt , Oberleithner Hans , Zarbock Alexander , Schwab Albrecht 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Here we report a novel role for TRPC6, a member of the transient receptor potential (TRPC) channel family, in the CXCL1-dependent recruitment of murine neutrophil granulocytes. Representing a central element of the innate immune system, neutrophils are recruited from the blood stream to a site of inflammation. The recruitment process follows a well-defined sequence of events including adhesion to the blood vessel walls, migration, and chemotaxis to reach the inflammatory focus. A common feature of the underlying signaling pathways is the utilization of Ca2+ ions as intracellular second messengers. However, the required Ca2+ influx channels are not yet fully characterized. We used WT and TRPC6−/− neutrophils for in vitro and TRPC6−/− chimeric mice (WT mice with WT or TRPC6−/− bone marrow cells) for in vivo studies. After renal ischemia and reperfusion injury, TRPC6−/− chimeric mice had an attenuated TRPC6−/− neutrophil recruitment and a better outcome as judged from the reduced increase in the plasma creatinine concentration. In the cremaster model CXCL1-induced neutrophil adhesion, arrest and transmigration were also decreased in chimeric mice with TRPC6−/− neutrophils. Using atomic force microscopy and microfluidics, we could attribute the recruitment defect of TRPC6−/− neutrophils to the impact of the channel on adhesion to endothelial cells. Mechanistically, TRPC6−/− neutrophils exhibited lower Ca2+ transients during the initial adhesion leading to diminished Rap1 and β2 integrin activation and thereby reduced ICAM-1 binding. In summary, our study reveals that TRPC6 channels in neutrophils are crucial signaling modules in their recruitment from the blood stream in response to CXCL1.

Key point
Neutrophil TRPC6 channels are crucial for CXCL1-triggered activation of integrins during the initial steps of neutrophil recruitment.
CD16 pre-ligation by defucosylated tumor-targeting mAb sensitizes human NK cells to γc cytokine stimulation via PI3K/mTOR axis
Authors: Capuano Cristina , Pighi Chiara , Maggio Roberta , Battella Simone , Morrone Stefania , Palmieri Gabriella , Santoni Angela , Klein Christian , Galandrini Ricciarda 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObinutuzumab is a glycoengineered tumor-targeting anti-CD20 mAb with a modified crystallizable fragment (Fc) domain designed to increase the affinity for the FcγRIIIA/CD16 receptor, which was recently approved for clinical use in CLL and follicular lymphoma. Here we extend our previous observation that, in human NK cells, the sustained CD16 ligation by obinutuzumab-opsonized targets leads to a markedly enhanced IFN-γ production upon a subsequent cytokine re-stimulation. The increased IFN-γ competence in response to IL-2 or IL-15 is attributable to post-transcriptional regulation, as it does not correlate with the upregulation of IFN-γ mRNA levels. Different from the reference molecule rituximab, we observe that the stimulation with obinutuzumab promotes the upregulation of microRNA (miR)-155 expression. A similar trend was also observed in NK cells from untreated CLL patients stimulated with obinutuzumab-opsonized autologous leukemia. miR-155 upregulation associates with reduced levels of SHIP-1 inositol phosphatase, which acts in constraining PI3K-dependent signals, by virtue of its ability to mediate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) de-phosphorylation. Downstream of PI3K, the phosphorylation status of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) effector molecule, S6, results in amplified response to IL-2 or IL-15 stimulation in obinutuzumab-experienced cells. Importantly, NK cell treatment with the PI3K or mTOR inhibitors, idelalisib and rapamycin, respectively, prevents the enhanced cytokine responsiveness, thus, highlighting the relevance of the PI3K/mTOR axis in CD16-dependent priming. The enhanced IFN-γ competence may be envisaged to potentiate the immunoregulatory role of NK cells in a therapeutic setting.
The effect of varying intensities of lower limb eccentric muscle contractions on left ventricular function
Authors: Howlett Luke A. , O’Sullivan Kyle , Sculthorpe Nicholas , Richards Joanna 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The effect of eccentric (ECC) resistance exercise (RE) on myocardial mechanics is currently unknown.

Method
This study investigated ECC RE at varying intensities on left ventricular (LV) function using LV strain (ε), wall stress and haemodynamic parameters. Twenty-four healthy male volunteers completed ECC leg extensions at 20%, 50% and 80% of their ECC maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), whilst receiving echocardiograms. Global longitudinal ɛ, strain rate (SR), longitudinal tissue velocity, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), LV wall stress and rate pressure product (RPP) were assessed at baseline and during exercise.

Results
Left ventricular global ɛ, systolic SR and wall stress remained unchanged throughout. Systolic blood pressure (sBP), MAP and RPP increased at 80% and 50% intensities compared to rest (P < 0.01). Eccentric RE increased HR and peak late diastolic SR at all intensities compared to rest (P < 0.02).

Conclusion
The findings suggest acute ECC RE may not alter main parameters of LV function, supporting future potential for wider clinical use. However, future studies must investigate the impact of multiple repetitions and training on LV function.
Plant responses to decadal scale increments in atmospheric CO2 concentration: comparing two stomatal conductance sampling methods
Authors: Batke Sven Peter , Yiotis Charilaos , Elliott-Kingston Caroline , Holohan Aidan , McElwain Jennifer 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Main conclusion
Our study demonstrated that the species respond non-linearly to increases in CO2 concentration when exposed to decadal changes in CO2, representing the year 1987, 2025, 2051, and 2070, respectively.

Abstract
There are several lines of evidence suggesting that the vast majority of C3 plants respond to elevated atmospheric CO2 by decreasing their stomatal conductance (gs). However, in the majority of CO2 enrichment studies, the response to elevated CO2 are tested between plants grown under ambient (380–420 ppm) and high (538–680 ppm) CO2 concentrations and measured usually at single time points in a diurnal cycle. We investigated gs responses to simulated decadal increments in CO2 predicted over the next 4 decades and tested how measurements of gs may differ when two alternative sampling methods are employed (infrared gas analyzer [IRGA] vs. leaf porometer). We exposed Populus tremula, Popolus tremuloides and Sambucus racemosa to four different CO2 concentrations over 126 days in experimental growth chambers at 350, 420, 490 and 560 ppm CO2; representing the years 1987, 2025, 2051, and 2070, respectively (RCP4.5 scenario). Our study demonstrated that the species respond non-linearly to increases in CO2 concentration when exposed to decadal changes in CO2. Under natural conditions, maximum operational gs is often reached in the late morning to early afternoon, with a mid-day depression around noon. However, we showed that the daily maximum gs can, in some species, shift later into the day when plants are exposed to only small increases (70 ppm) in CO2. A non-linear decreases in gs and a shifting diurnal stomatal behavior under elevated CO2, could affect the long-term daily water and carbon budget of many plants in the future, and therefore alter soil–plant–atmospheric processes.
Ecology of predator-induced morphological defense traits in Daphnia longispina (Cladocera, Arthropoda)
Authors: Sperfeld Erik , Nilssen Jens Petter , Rinehart Shelby , Schwenk Klaus , Hessen Dag Olav 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInducible defenses against predators are widespread among plants and animals. For example, someDaphniaspecies form neckteeth against predatory larvae of the dipteran genusChaoborus. Though thoroughly studied inD. pulex, knowledge about neckteeth in otherDaphniaspecies is limited. The occurrence of this trait in theD. longispinaspecies complex is only sporadically reported and the specific shape of neckteeth or the occurrence of other morphological defense traits is scarcely known in this widespread group. Here, we explored neckteeth occurrence in a large number ofD. longispinapopulations across Scandinavia and studied neckteeth formation and other morphological defense traits on threeD. longispinaclones in the laboratory. In the study region, neckteeth on juvenileD. longispinas. str. were observed frequently in permanent ponds, but only whenChaoborusspp. larvae were present. In the laboratory experiments, all threeD. longispinaclones developed neckteeth (very similar toD. pulex) in response toChaoboruskairomone exposure. TheD. longispinaclones also developed a longer tail spine, wider body, and larger neckteeth pedestal in response to predation threat—likely as a defense against the gape-limited predator. The intensity of neckteeth expression also depended on the clone studied and the concentration ofChaoboruskairomone. Our results demonstrate that neckteeth onD. longispinacan be common in nature and thatD. longispinacan also induce other morphological defenses against predators. The similarity of neckteeth inD. longispinaandD. puleximposes yet unresolved questions on the evolutionary origin in these distantly relatedDaphniagroups.
Long-term effects of splint therapy in patients with posttraumatic stress disease (PTSD)
Authors: Wolowski A. , Eger T. , Braas R. , Gohr J. , Weber N. , Witanski K. , Wörner F. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of a pilot study was to clarify the question of whether mouth opening restrictions in patients with PTSD by means of splint therapy (st) show long-term therapeutic effects in the case of functional disorders.

Material and methods
In 31 of 36 inpatients (soldiers, average age 37.1 ± 7.3 years, 26.7 ± 2.1 teeth) with confirmed posttraumatic stress disorder, chronic pain intensity > 6 (visual analogue scale 0 to 10), the mouth opening was determined, and the functional status (RDC-TMD) was recorded. All participants received a splint that was worn at night. A control of the therapeutic effect of the splint occurred after 6 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months.

Results
The mouth opening initially had an average of 30.9 ± 6.5 mm (median 31 mm). The pain intensity (PI) was reported to be on average VAS 8.3 ± 0.9, the chronic degree of pain according to von Korff was 3.9 ± 03. Six weeks after the st (n = 31), the average mouth opening was 49.5 ± 6.3 mm (median 51.5). PI was given as VAS 2.3 ± 1.1 on average. After 3, 6, and 12 months, 24, 15, and 14 subjects could be interviewed regarding PI. Based on the last examination date of all subjects, the average PI was given as 1.1 ± 0.9 (median 1).

Conclusion
The presented data show that the therapeutic short-term results achieved by means of a splint remain valid on the long term despite continued PTSD.

Clinical relevance
The presented study shows that patients will benefit in the long term from a splint and remain symptom-free, even if this mental illness persists.
Mentalization and Psychosis: A Rationale for the Use of Mentalization Theory to Understand and Treat Non-affective Psychotic Disorder
Authors: Weijers J. G. , ten Kate C. , Debbané M. , Bateman A. W. , de Jong S. , Selten J. -P. C. J. , Eurelings-Bontekoe E. H. M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSocial functioning can be severely impaired in non-affective psychotic disorder (NAPD). Current models of psychosis pathogenesis do not tend to focus on social dysfunction and pharmacological treatment fails to ameliorate it. In this article, we propose that mentalization theory provides a valuable contribution to the understanding and treatment of NAPD. Impaired mentalizing may contribute to both positive and negatives symptoms as well as social dysfunction observed in NAPD. Furthermore, impaired mentalizing may help explain the relation between childhood abuse, insecure attachment and psychosis. Mentalization based treatment may contribute to the functional recovery of NAPD patients as it targets the social cognitive processes underlying social interaction. The article includes a description of the principles of MBT in general, specific characteristics of using MBT with patients with NAPD and a clinical vignette to illustrate these principles.
Metallographic Investigations of the Premature Corrosion Failure of Steel Seam-Welded Galvanized Cold Water Pipes
Authors: Pawłowski Bogdan , Tyrala Dorota , Pilch Monika 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA premature corrosion failure in seam-welded galvanized steel cold water pipes was reported to occur after just 18–24 months in service. The aim of the present work was to investigate the causes of this premature corrosion of pipes, through metallographic investigations. This work comprised chemical analyses, visual examination of internal surfaces of pipes and microstructural examinations of the corrosion perforation regions (pitting corrosion areas) using optical and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray analysis. The investigations showed that failures resulted from incorrect installation—pipes were installed with yellow brass ball valves. When mixed with yellow brass, galvanized steel triggers dezincification and results in electrolytic action when combined with nonferrous metals, such as copper and brass.
Medienbildung in der Grundschule – ein konzeptioneller Beitrag zur Auseinandersetzung mit (digitalen) Medien
Authors: Herzig Bardo 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungAngesichts der zunehmenden Mediatisierung und Digitalisierung aller Lebensbereiche stellt sich die Frage, wie bereits in der Grundschule Fähigkeiten für ein sachgerechtes, selbstbestimmtes, kreatives und sozial-verantwortliches Handeln unter diesen Bedingungen angebahnt werden können. Ausgehend von einem pädagogischen Medienbegriff, wird ein konzeptioneller Rahmen für die Medienbildung mit Aufgabenfeldern und grundschulspezifischen Kompetenzerwartungen vorgestellt. Dieser sieht eine Auseinandersetzung mit verschiedenen Nutzungsformen (z. B. Information und Lernen oder Spiel und Unterhaltung) und Inhaltsbereichen (z. B. Medienlandschaft und ihre digitale Infrastruktur oder Medieneinflüsse auf das Individuum und die Gesellschaft) vor. Dabei spielen auch informatische Aspekte eine Rolle.