bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered Metabolism of Mothers of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Control Study
Authors: Hollowood-Jones Kathryn , Adams James B. , Coleman Devon M. , Ramamoorthy Sivapriya , Melnyk Stephan , James S. Jill , Woodruff Bryan K. , Pollard Elena L. , Snozek Christine L. , Kruger Uwe , Chuah Joshua , Hahn Juergen 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Previous research studies have demonstrated abnormalities in the metabolism of mothers of young children with autism.Method: Metabolic analysis was performed on blood samples from 30 mothers of young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD-M) and from 29 mothers of young typically-developing children (TD-M). Targeted metabolic analysis focusing on the folate one-carbon metabolism (FOCM) and the transsulfuration pathway (TS) as well as broad metabolic analysis were performed. Statistical analysis of the data involved both univariate and multivariate statistical methods.Results: Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in 5 metabolites from the folate one-carbon metabolism and the transsulfuration pathway and differences in an additional 48 metabolites identified by broad metabolic analysis, including lower levels of many carnitine-conjugated molecules. Multivariate analysis with leave-one-out cross-validation allowed classification of samples as belonging to one of the two groups of mothers with 93% sensitivity and 97% specificity with five metabolites. Furthermore, each of these five metabolites correlated with 8-15 other metabolites indicating that there are five clusters of correlated metabolites. In fact, all but 5 of the 50 metabolites with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were associated with the five identified groups. Many of the abnormalities appear linked to low levels of folate, vitamin B12, and carnitine-conjugated molecules.Conclusions: Mothers of children with ASD have many significantly different metabolite levels compared to mothers of typically developing children at 2-5 years after birth.
A cross-sectional study of gastrointestinal symptoms, depressive symptoms and trait anxiety in young adults
Authors: Söderquist Fanny , Syk Mikaela , Just David , Novicic Zorana Kurbalija , Rasmusson Annica J. , Hellström Per M. , Ramklint Mia , Cunningham Janet L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders have a high psychiatric co-morbidity. This study aimed to investigate and characterise gastrointestinal symptoms in relation to depressive symptoms and trait anxiety in a well-defined population of young adult psychiatric outpatients and healthy controls. Methods: Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed with the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (GSRS-IBS). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale- Self assessment (MADRS-S). Trait anxiety was estimated with three of the Swedish universities of Personality (SSP) scales: Somatic trait anxiety, Psychic trait anxiety and Stress susceptibility. Self-ratings were collected from 491 young adult psychiatric outpatients and 85 healthy controls. gastrointestinal symptom severity was compared between patients with and without current psychotropic medication and controls. Associations between gastrointestinal symptoms, depressive symptoms and trait anxiety were assessed using Spearman’s coefficients and generalized linear models adjusting for possible confounders (sex, body mass index, bulimia nervosa). Results: Patients, with and without current psychotropic medication, reported significantly more gastrointestinal symptoms than controls. In the generalized linear models, total MADRS-S score (p<0.001), Somatic trait anxiety (p<0.001), Psychic trait anxiety (p=0.002) and Stress susceptibility (p=0.002) were independent predictors of the total GSRS-IBS score. Further exploratory analysis using unsupervised learning revealed a diverse spectrum of symptoms that clustered into six groups.Conclusion: Gastrointestinal symptoms are both highly prevalent and diverse in young adult psychiatric outpatients, regardless of current psychotropic medication. Depressive symptom severity and degree of trait anxiety are independently related to the total gastrointestinal symptom burden.
Assessment of Immunization data quality of routine reports in Ho Municipality of Volta Region, Ghana
Authors: Asem Livingstone , Ziema Sorengmen Amos 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Immunization has been an important public health intervention for preventing and reducing child morbidity and mortality over the years and coverage has increased in the past decades. However, the validity of the data from immunization coverages is usually disputed. Immunization data from health facilities show poor concordance between tallied registers and monthly reports as they are reported to higher levels of the health system. The study assessed the quality of data from routine immunization of some health facilities in the Ho central municipality in the Volta region of Ghana.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was used to review routine immunization data in tallied registers and reports submitted to the Municipal Health Directorate (MHD) from January to December, 2015. Simple random sampling was used to select three health facilities in Ho central municipality. The World Health Organization (WHO) Data Quality Self-assessment (DQS) tool was the main instrument used to present and analyze data for accuracy and discrepancy level between the tallied registers and reports. A template was created in Microsoft excel which automatically presented accuracy and discrepancy levels when data was entered. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from Ghana Health Service Ethics Review Committee. Results: The result showed discrepancies between recounted tallies at the facilities and reports submitted to the MHD. Accuracy ratios of 102%, 64% and 94% for Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG), Pentavalent (Penta) vaccine dose 3 and Measles 2 respectively indicating underreporting for BCG and over reporting for the rest were obtained. There was 460 over reported data to the municipal level representing accuracy ratio of 80% and discrepancy level of 20%. Conclusions: Immunization data was characterized by underreporting and overreporting, hence not accurate and lacked quality. Immunization data quality should be a priority among health staff at health facilities.
The use of intravenous immunoglobulin gamma for the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019: A randomised placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Gharebaghi Naser , Nejadrahim Rahim , Mousavi Seyed Jalil , Sadat-Ebrahimi Seyyed-Reza , Hajizadeh Reza 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected people in many countries worldwide. Discovering an effective treatment for this disease, particularly in severe cases, has become the subject of intense scientific investigation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in patients with severe COVID-19 infection.Methods: This study was conducted as a randomised placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial. Fifty-nine patients with severe COVID-19 infection who did not respond to initial treatments were randomly assigned into two groups. One group received IVIg (human)—four vials daily for three days (in addition to initial treatment), while the other group received a placebo. Patients’ demographic, clinical, and select laboratory test results, as well as the occurrence of in-hospital mortality, were recorded. Results: Among the total subjects, 30 patients received IVIg and 29 patients received a placebo. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and laboratory tests were not statistically different (P > 0.05) between the two groups. The in-hospital mortality rate was significantly lower in the IVIg group compared to the control group (6 [20.0%] vs. 14 [48.3%], respectively; P = 0.022). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that administration of IVIg did indeed have a significant impact on mortality rate (aOR = 0.003 [95% CI: 0.001–0.815]; P = 0.042).Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that the administration of IVIg in patients with severe COVID-19 infection who did not respond to initial treatment could improve their clinical outcome and significantly reduce mortality rate. Further multicenter studies with larger sample sizes are nonetheless required to confirm the appropriateness of this medication as a standard treatment.Trial registration: A study protocol was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (www.IRCT.ir), number IRCT20200501047259N1. It was registered retrospectively on May 17th, 2020.
Effect of a nurse-led lifestyle choice and coaching intervention on systolic blood pressure among Type 2 diabetic patients with a high atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk: study protocol for a cluster randomized trial
Authors: Lumu William , Kibirige Davis , Wesonga Ronald , Bahendeka Silver 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background:More than 50% of patients with type 2 diabetes have hypertension in Uganda. Diabetic patients with elevated systolic blood pressure experience higher all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events compared with normotensive diabetic individuals hence escalating resource utilization and cost of care. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of a nurse-led lifestyle choice and coaching intervention on systolic blood pressure among type 2 diabetic patients with a high atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk.Methods:This is a cluster-randomized study comprising of two arms (intervention and non-intervention – control arm) with four clusters per arm with 384 diabetic patients with a high predicted 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk. The study will be implemented in 8 health facilities in Uganda. The intervention arm will employ a nurse-led lifestyle choice and coaching intervention. Within the intervention, nurses will be trained to provide structured health education, protocol-based hypertension management and general atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk factor management, 24-hour phone calls, and 2-monthly text messaging. The control group will be constituted by the usual care. The primary outcome measure is the mean difference in systolic blood pressure between the intervention and usual care groups after 12 months. The study is designed to have an 80% statistical power to detect an 8.5mmhg mean reduction in systolic blood pressure from baseline to 12 months. The unit of analysis for the primary outcome is the individual participants. To monitor the effect of within-cluster correlation, generalized estimating equations will be used to assess changes over time in systolic blood pressure as a continuous variable.DiscussionThe data generated from this trial will inform change in policy of shifting task of screening of hypertension and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease from doctors to nursesTrial registration: Pan African Trials Registry; PACTR 202001916873358. Registered on 6th October 2019.http://www.pactr.org
Visualizing the RNP content of single bunyavirus virions reveals more efficient genome packaging in the arthropod host
Authors: Bermúdez-Méndez Erick , Katrukha Eugene , Spruit Cindy , Kortekaas Jeroen , Schreur Paul Wichgers 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Bunyaviruses have a genome that is divided over multiple segments. Genome segmentation complicates the generation of progeny virus, since each newly formed virus particle should preferably contain a full set of genome segments in order to disseminate efficiently within and between hosts. Here, we combine immunofluorescence and fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques to simultaneously visualize bunyavirus progeny virions and their genomic content at single-molecule resolution in the context of singly infected cells. Using Rift Valley fever virus and Schmallenberg virus as prototype tri-segmented bunyaviruses, we show that bunyavirus genome packaging is influenced by the intracellular viral genome content of individual cells, which results in greatly variable packaging efficiencies within a cell population. We further show that bunyavirus genome packaging is more efficient in insect cells compared to mammalian cells and provide new insights on the possibility that incomplete particles may contribute to bunyavirus spread as well.
Corneal Structure After Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction in Diabetic Rabbits
Authors: Gao Wenjing , Guo Congrong , Shi Zhong , Wu Bowen , Gao Mengman , Guo Xiujin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: To assess the corneal structure after femtosecond laser small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in diabetic rabbits with different blood glucose levels.Methods: Twelve diabetic rabbits were randomly distributed into three groups based on blood glucose levels: group A (G-A), 16-20 mmol/L (n=4); group B (G-B), 4.33-8.61 mmol/L (n=4); and group C (G-C), healthy controls (n=4). After 2 weeks, SMILE was performed. Corneas were evaluated using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) preoperatively on day 1 and postoperatively at weeks 1, 4, and 12.Results: Morphological results: Twelve weeks after surgery, a corneal interlamellar stromal scar in three eyes and corneal stroma edema in one eye were found in G-A; no obvious scar edema occurred in G-B and G-C. In G-A, the number of abnormal cells in each corneal layer increased, the cell arrangement was irregular, and nerve fibers decreased significantly; the morphology and arrangement in G-B and G-C were regular. Cell density results: Actual central corneal thickness (CCT) after SMILE was thicker than theoretical CCT in each group (P<0.05). The corneal thickness deviation (△CT) of G-A was thicker than that of G-B and G-C, and the pre-keratocyte density (pre-KD) of G-A was lower than that of G-B and G-C (P<0.05). Endothelial cell density (ECD) at 4 and 12 weeks after surgery only in G-A was lower than that before surgery.Conclusions: Hyperglycemia is an adverse factor affecting corneal structure after SMILE. SMILE is safe and effective for diabetic rabbits with good blood glucose control.
Learning burnout: evaluating the role of social support in medical students under the influence of COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Zhang Jiayu , Shu Tao , Xiang Ming , Feng Zhanchun 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background:Learning burnout is a stress-induced syndrome, which could affect medical students.Some environmental and personal factors could give rise to serious consequences, such as depression and suicide. We aimed to evaluate the association between learning burnout and social support among our students under the influence of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional online survey among students who participated in online learning in a medical college in Wuhan. We used the Lian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) to assess learning burnout and the SSRS to assess social support.ResultsA total of 684 students completed the survey (response rate 30.9%), of which 315 (46.12%) met standard criteria for learning burnout. We found grade, area of residence, household income, learning time, and number of interactions with teachers or classmates had an effect on students’ learning burnout. These factors except grade were also associated with social support. Besides, we found subjective support and utilization of support had an inverse association with learning burnout. ConclusionsLearning burnout was highly prevalent in our college students. Results suggested that some demographic and learning characteristics were closely associated with learning burnout. The social support especially subjective support and utilization of support played an important role in reducing the risk of learning burnout.
Linkage Analysis, GWAS, Transcriptome Analysis to Identify Candidate Genes for Rice Seedlings in Response to High Temperature Stress
Authors: Wei Zhaoran , Yuan Qiaoling , Lin Hai , Li Xiaoxia , Zhang Chao , Gao Hongsheng , Zhang Bin , He Huiying , Liu Tianjiao , Shi Shandang , Gao Zhenyu , Kong Lingrang , Qian Qian , Shang Lianguang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: With the increase of global temperature, the problem of rice yield decline caused by the rising temperature is becoming more and more prominent, which urgently needs to be solved . Mining heat-resistant genes and applying them to rice breeding is a feasible and effective way to solve the problem. Result: Three main biomass traits, including shoot length, dry weight, and fresh weight, changed after abnormally high temperature treatment in the seedling stage of a recombinant inbred line and natural groups. Based on a comparison of the results of linkage analysis and genome-wide association analysis, the presence of two sections with lengths of 57 kb and 69 kb in qDW7 and q F W6 , respectively, was associated with the rice response to abnormally high temperatures in the seedling stage. Meanwhile, based on integrated transcriptome analysis, some genes are considered as candidate genes for subsequent research and analysis. Combining with reports of known genes and analysis of homologous genes, it was found that there are 8 genes in candidate genes that need to be focused in subsequent research. Conclusions: The results indicated several relevant beneficial loci reacted to heat stress in rice seedling stage, which would help researchers to further discover excellent heat-resistant genes that can be applied to rice heat-resistant breeding.
Serum tenascin-C predicts resistance to steroid combination therapy in high-risk Kawasaki disease: A multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: YOSHIKANE YUKAKO , OKUMA YOSHIAKI , MIYAMOTO TATSUKI , HASHIMOTO JUNICHI , FUKAZAWA RYUJI , KATO TAICHI , TAKEDA ATSUHITO , SUDA KENJI , MATSUSHITA TAKEJI , HIROE MICHIAKI , IMANAKA-YOSHIDA KYOKO 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background

Tenascin-C (TN-C) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein related to tissue inflammation. Our previous retrospective study conducted in 2016 revealed that the serum TN-C level was higher in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) who were resistant to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and developed coronary artery lesions (CALs). The present study is a prospective cohort study to assess if the serum level of TN-C could be used as a novel biomarker to predict the risk of resistance to initial treatment for high-risk patients.
Methods

A total of 380 KD patients were registered and provided serum samples for TN-C measurement before commencing their initial treatment. Patients who did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded from analysis; of the 181 remaining subjects, there were 144 low-risk patients (Kobayashi score: ≤4 points) and 37 high-risk patients (Kobayashi score: ≥5 points). The initial treatments for low-risk patients and high-risk patients were conventional therapy (IVIG with aspirin) and prednisolone combination therapy, respectively. The patient clinical and laboratory data, including the serum TN-C level, were compared between responders and non-responders to initial treatment.
Results

In the low-risk patients, there was no significant difference in the median levels of serum TN-C between responders and non-responders to initial therapy. However, in the high-risk patients, the median serum TN-C level in non-responders was significantly higher than that in responders (175.8 ng/ml vs 117.6 ng/ml).
Conclusions

Serum TN-C could be a biomarker for predicting the risk of high-risk patients being non-responsive to steroid combination therapy.
Trial registration:

This study was a prospective cohort study. It had been performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and had been approved by the ethics committee in each institute.
Significant impact of nationwide SARS-CoV-2 lockdown measures on the circulation of other respiratory virus infections
Authors: Redlberger-Fritz Monika , Kundi Michael , Aberle Stephan W , Puchhammer-Stöckl Elisabeth 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Since the worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2, different European countries reacted with temporarily nationwide lockdowns with the aim to limit the virus transmission in the population. Also Austria started a lockdown of public life in March. In this study we investigated whether the circulation of different respiratory virus infections in Austria, as assessed by using the established respiratory virus surveillance system, is affected by these measures as well and may reflect the success of the lockdown in limiting respiratory virus transmission. Sentinel data obtained for influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus and rhinovirus cases were analyzed and compared between the season 2019/ 2020 and the five previous seasons. We observed a rapid and statistically significant reduction of cumulative cases for all these viruses within short time after the lockdown in March 2020, compared to previous seasons (each p<0.001). Also, sentinel screening for SARS-CoV-2 infections was performed and a decrease of SARS-CoV-2 was seen after the lockdown. While for the seasonally occurring viruses as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus or human metapneumovirus the lockdown led to the end of the annual epidemics, a re-increase of rhinovirus infections was observed after liberalization of numerous lockdown measures. Our data provide evidence that occurrence of different respiratory virus infections reflect not only the efficiency of lockdown measures taken against SARS-CoV-2 but also the effects of their release on respiratory transmission.
Childhood stunting and associated factors among irrigation and non- irrigation user kebeles in Mecha district, northwest, Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Sema Balew , Azage Muluken , Tirfie Mulat 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Stunting is a critical public health problem of developing countries like Ethiopia. Different interventions like irrigation activity have been carried out by the government of Ethiopia to improve the nutritional status of the community. However, there is scanty of data on childhood stunting and its associated factors between irrigation user and non-irrigation user.
Objective
To assess the magnitude of childhood stunting and its associated factors between irrigation and non-irrigation user in north Mecha District, Northwest Ethiopia.
Methods
A community-based comparative cross-sectional study design was employed from October to November 2019. A systematic sampling was used to draw mothers with children age 6–59 months (582 irrigated and 582 non- irrigated household users). Data were collected using questionnaire and anthropometric measurement tools. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of stunting. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI were used to determine the degree of association between independent and outcome variable. A-p-value < 0.05 was used as cutoff point to declare statistically significant variables with the outcome variable.
Results
The prevalence of childhood stunting among age 6–59 months children did not show significant variation between Irrigation user 32.8% at 95%CI (29–37) and non-irrigation user 40.2% at 95%CI (36–44). The odds of childhood stunting were higher among children from mother had no antenatal visit, children whose age was between 12 and 47 months, children from mothers who did not use water and soap always for washing hands, and children who had fever.
Conclusion
The prevalence of childhood stunting was high and did not show significant variation between irrigation and non-irrigation users. Children from mother had no antenatal visit, children whose age was between 12 and 47 months, children from mothers who did not use water and soap always for washing hands, and children who had fever were factors associated with higher child stunting. Thus, the identified modifiable factors are the area of intervention in reduce stunting.