bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the role of lipids and lipoproteins in development
Authors: Palm Wilhelm , Rodenfels Jonathan 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Lipids exert diverse functions in living organisms. They form cellular membranes, store and transport energy and play signalling roles. Some lipid species function in all of these processes, making them ideal candidates to coordinate metabolism with cellular homeostasis and animal development. This theme was central to Suzanne Eaton's research in the fruit fly, Drosophila. Here, we discuss her work on membrane lipid homeostasis in changing environments and on functions for lipids in the Hedgehog signalling pathway. We further highlight lipoproteins as inter-organ carriers of lipids and lipid-linked morphogens, which communicate dietary and developmental signals throughout the organism.
Exploring the Relevance and Reliability of Fair Value Accounting
Authors: Fukui Yoshitaka , Saito Shizuki 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
While the FASB had regarded relevance and reliability as two of the most important qualitative characteristics for years, it replaced reliability with faithful representation revising its Concepts Statement No. 2 in 2010. Even if fair values are relevant for the measurement of assets and liabilities, these figures are not necessarily reliable or verifiable. We believe this point is the central message of Ramanna, K. (2022). Unreliable accounts: How regulators fabricate conceptual narratives to diffuse criticism. Accounting, Economics and Law: A convivium forthcoming. The application of fair value measurement has been substantially extended recently to income recognition of not-for-trading financial instruments and even non-financial assets. Is this extension due to the primacy of relevance over reliability, or the relaxing of requirement for reliability toward faithful representation? Whatever measurement method we use, it is absolutely necessary to construct a system of concepts on which the purpose of measurement should be established. In spite of the fact that any measurement method is a means to intended purposes, if we first chose a particular method and applied it to every situation slavishly, we would become similar to a bogus doctor selling a fake drug as panacea valid for any disease.
Compression and tension behavior of the prosthetic foam materials polyurethane, EVA, Pelite™ and a combination of polyurethane and EVA: a preliminary study
Authors: Lutfi Siti Nur Nabilah , Abd Razak Nasrul Anuar , Ali Sadeeq , Gholizadeh Hossein 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Materials with low-strength and low-impedance properties, such as elastomers and polymeric foams are major contributors to prosthetic liner design. Polyethylene-Light (Pelite™) is a foam liner that is the most frequently used in prosthetics but it does not cater to all amputees’ limb and skin conditions. The study aims to investigate the newly modified Foam Liner, a combination of two different types of foams (EVA + PU + EVA) as the newly modified Foam Liner in terms of compressive and tensile properties in comparison to Pelite™, polyurethane (PU) foam, and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) foam. Universal testing machine (AGS-X, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) has been used to measure the tensile and compressive stress. Pelite™ had the highest compressive stress at 566.63 kPa and tensile stress at 1145 kPa. Foam Liner fell between EVA and Pelite™ with 551.83 kPa at compression and 715.40 kPa at tension. PU foam had the lowest compressive stress at 2.80 kPa and tensile stress at 33.93 kPa. Foam Liner has intermediate compressive elasticity but has high tensile elasticity compared to EVA and Pelite™. Pelite™ remains the highest in compressive and tensile stiffness. Although it is good for amputees with bony prominence, constant pressure might result in skin breakdown or ulcer. Foam Liner would be the best for amputees with soft tissues on the residual limbs to accommodate movement.
LIRKIS Global Collaborative Virtual Environments: Current State and Utilization Perspective
Authors: Hudák Marián , Korečko Štefan , Sobota Branislav 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recent advances in the field of web technologies, including the increasing support of virtual reality hardware, have allowed for shared virtual environments, reachable by just entering a URL in a browser. One contemporary solution that provides such a shared virtual reality is LIRKIS Global Collaborative Virtual Environments (LIRKIS G-CVE). It is a web-based software system, built on top of the A-Frame and Networked-Aframe frameworks. This paper describes LIRKIS G-CVE and introduces its two original components. The first one is the Smart-Client Interface, which turns smart devices, such as smartphones and tablets, into input devices. The advantage of this component over the standard way of user input is demonstrated by a series of experiments. The second component is the Enhanced Client Access layer, which provides access to positions and orientations of clients that share a virtual environment. The layer also stores a history of connected clients and provides limited control over the clients. The paper also outlines an ongoing experiment aimed at an evaluation of LIRKIS G-CVE in the area of virtual prototype testing.
Die Notwendigkeit globaler Philosophie
Authors: Gosepath Stefan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWhen ‘we’ in the West talk about philosophy, we most often mean ‘Western Philosophy’, i. e. philosophy with ancient roots in Greece from the pre-Socratic period onwards until today, thereby neglecting other cultures and traditions, whose history of philosophical thinking is at least as old and important. This neglect of other philosophical traditions is a problem in general, since it is unfair, hegemonic, ignorant, and imprudent. The article argues that there are instrumental as well as intrinsic reasons to diversify and globalize the philosophical canon. Different philosophical traditions should engage more substantially with each other to solve philosophical problems. The idea of global philosophy encourages us to look beyond our respective cultural traditions to improve on our current approach of solving philosophical problems by our own lights.
Research on the vibro-acoustic propagation characteristics of a large mining two-stage planetary gear reducer
Authors: Yang Wei , Tang Xiaolin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a computational model is proposed to predict the noise radiation of a planetary gear reducer. In addition, a system-level vibro-acoustic model of a two-stage planetary gear reducer is also established, and the dynamic contact equations of engagement are deduced to investigate the dynamic loads at the interface of bearing-housing and ring-housing in operation, using a large mining two-stage planetary reducer as a test mechanism. Moreover, the frequency response of the planetary transmission has been derived, the radiation noises from the two-stage planetary gear train are analyzed, the simulation results agree well with the experimental results. This research can be guide structural optimization of planetary gear mining reducer.
Surgically induced deficiency of sex hormones modulates coronary vasodilation by estradiol in hypertension
Authors: Rouver Wender do Nascimento , Ferreira Cassiano Ricardo Souza , Delgado Nathalie Tristão Banhos , Santos Roger Lyrio dos 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The effect of oestrogen in hormonal dysfunction is not clear, especially in the coronary vascular bed. This study aimed at estradiol action (E2) in the coronary vascular bed from sham-operated and gonadectomized female and male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).

Methods
Male and female SHRs had their mean arterial pressure (MAP) and baseline coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) determined. The effects of E2 (10 μM) were evaluated in isolated hearts by in bolus infusion before and after endothelium denudation (0.25 μM sodium deoxycholate) or perfusion with 100 μM NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), 2.8 μM indomethacin, 0.75 μM clotrimazole, L-NAME after endothelium denudation, L-NAME plus indomethacin, or 4 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA).

Results
MAP was higher in males than in females, with gonadectomy increasing in females and reducing in males. CPP was higher in female group, remaining unaltered after gonadectomy. E2-induced vasorelaxation was observed in all groups, with no differences having been found between sexes even after gonadectomy. Perfusion with TEA, L-NAME, L-NAME plus indomethacin, and L-NAME after endothelium removal attenuated the relaxing response in all groups. Clotrimazole inhibited vasorelaxation only in female groups, and indomethacin did so only in gonadectomized groups. Endothelium participation was confirmed in female groups and in the gonadectomized male group.

Conclusions
Our results indicated that the vasodilator effect of E2 was mediated by an indirect mechanism – via endothelium – as well as by direct action – via vascular smooth muscle – in both groups. The characterization of these mechanisms in coronary arteries might shed light on the functional basis of hormonal dysfunction symptoms in hypertension.
Inverse problem of shape identification from boundary measurement for Stokes equations: Shape differentiability of Lagrangian
Authors: Kovtunenko Victor A. , Ohtsuka Kohji 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
For Stokes equations under divergence-free and mixed boundary conditions, the inverse problem of shape identification from boundary measurement is investigated.
Taking the least-square misfit as an objective function, the state-constrained optimization is treated by using an adjoint state within the Lagrange approach.
The directional differentiability of a Lagrangian function with respect to shape variations is proved within the velocity method, and a Hadamard representation of the shape derivative by boundary integrals is derived explicitly.
The application to gradient descent methods of iterative optimization is discussed.
Glycated hemoglobin variability and microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Er Eren , Ata Aysun , Evin Ferda , Altınok Yasemin Atik , Demir Günay , Özen Samim , Darcan Şükran , Gökşen Damla 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has proven to be indicative in the development of microvascular complications. In this study, the contribution of HbA1c variability to microvascular complications was evaluated.

Methods
Twenty-one cases with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who developed microvascular complications and 39 cases without complications, that were similar in terms of gender, age of diagnosis, insulin treatment, insulin doses (U/kg), and mean HbA1c levels were included.

Results
Mean age of T1DM diagnosis was 5.87 ± 3.93 years in the complication group and 4.63 ± 3.33 years in the control group. Nephropathy was detected in 17 cases, neuropathy in 8 cases, and retinopathy in 1 case. Nephropathy occurred at a mean age of 11.52 ± 4.12 years and neuropathy at 14.13 ± 5.68 years. The mean HbA1c during follow-up was similar in the group with complications and the control group (8.60 ± 0.63 vs. 8.84 ± 1.32). Adjusted HbA1c-standard deviation (SD) and HbA1c-variation coefficient (CV) values were 1.30 ± 0.65 and 14.36 ± 6.23 in the group with complications (p=0.014), and 0.91 ± 0.37 and 10.59 ± 4.01 in the control group (p=0.013). In the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC)-analysis for microvascular complications, the limit value HbA1c-CV was 11.99 (sensitivity: 61.9%, specificity: 71.9%). This value for HbA1c-SD was 0.9699 (sensitivity: 71.43%, specificity: 66.67%)

Conclusions
This study has shown that long-term fluctuations in HbA1c are associated with the development of microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes.
Comparison of pregnancy outcomes after second trimester amniocentesis between procedures performed by experts and non-experts
Authors: Wisetmongkolchai Tanapak , Tongprasert Fuanglada , Srisupundit Kasemsri , Luewan Suchaya , Traisrisilp Kuntharee , Tongsong Theera , Jatavan Phudit 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the rate of fetal loss in pregnancy after second trimester amniocentesis between procedures performed by experts and non-experts and to assess other pregnancy complications as secondary outcomes.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was performed on singleton pregnancies that underwent mid-trimester amniocenteses in a single institution. The fetal loss rates of procedures performed by experts and non-experts were collected and analyzed. Other adverse pregnancy outcomes were also examined.

Results
In total, 14,450 amniocenteses were performed during the study period. These included 11,357 (78.6%) procedures in the group expert operators and 3,093 (21.4%) procedures in the group non-expert operators. In the non-expert group, the fetal loss rate was slightly increased but not significantly (p=0.24).In addition, the higher number of spontaneous abortions was associated with blood-stained amniotic fluid sample (p<0.001; RR=9.28). Multiple needle insertions also increased in the non-expert group significantly. However, no difference in pregnancy outcomes was found between in single and multiple needle insertions.

Conclusions
The amniocentesis procedures performed by the non-experts was not increase the fetal loss rate. However, the other adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight and fetal growth restriction were significantly increased in the non-expert group.
High-efficiency and high-speed germanium photodetector enabled by multiresonant photonic crystal
Authors: Song Jinwen , Yuan Shuai , Cui Chengcong , Wang Yuxi , Li Zhiyong , Wang Alan X. , Zeng Cheng , Xia Jinsong 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
High-efficiency and high-speed photodetectors with broadband responses are playing pivotal roles for wavelength-division multiplexing optical communications. Germanium photodetectors on silicon platforms exhibit potential cost advantage due to the compatibility for monolithic integration with silicon-based electronic circuits for signal amplification and processing. In this article, we report a normal incidence, germanium photodetector enabled by guided-mode resonances in photonic crystal, which successfully resolved the compromise between quantum efficiency, wavelength coverage and bandwidth requirement, a drawback usually faced by conventional photodetectors operating at normal incidence. The resonant photonic crystal structure is designed to support multiple resonances in the target wavelength range. With an intrinsic absorption layer thickness of 350 nm, the device achieved a high external quantum efficiency of 50% at 1550 nm, along with an enhancement around 300% for the entire C-band. Using a mesa diameter of 14 μm, the fabricated device exhibited a 3-dB bandwidth of 33 GHz and obtained clear eye diagrams at bit rate up to 56 Gbps. This work provides a promising method to design high-efficiency, high-speed, normal incidence germanium photodetectors for optical interconnect systems.
Nanoscale confinement of energy deposition in glass by double ultrafast Bessel pulses
Authors: del Hoyo Jesus , Meyer Remi , Furfaro Luca , Courvoisier Francois 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ultrafast laser pulses spatially shaped as Bessel beams in dielectrics create high aspect ratio plasma channels whose relaxation can lead to the formation of nanochannels. We report a strong enhancement of the nanochannel drilling efficiency with illumination by double pulses separated by a delay between 10 and 500 ps. This enables the formation of nanochannels with diameters down to 100 nm. Experimental absorption measurements demonstrate that the increase of drilling efficiency is due to an increase of the confinement of the energy deposition. Nanochannel formation corresponds to a drastic change in absorption of the second pulse, demonstrating the occurrence of a phase change produced by the first pulse. This creates a highly absorbing, long-living state. Our measurements show that it is compatible with the semi-metallization of warm dense glass which takes place within a timescale of <10 ps after the first laser pulse illumination.
Raman scattering in high-refractive-index nanostructures
Authors: Raza Søren , Kristensen Anders 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The advent of resonant dielectric nanomaterials has provided a new path for concentrating and manipulating light on the nanoscale. Such high-refractive-index materials support a diverse set of low-loss optical resonances, including Mie resonances, anapole states, and bound states in the continuum. Through these resonances, high-refractive-index materials can be used to engineer the optical near field, both inside and outside the nanostructures, which opens up new opportunities for Raman spectroscopy. In this review, we discuss the impact of high-refractive-index nano-optics on Raman spectroscopy. In particular, we consider the intrinsic Raman enhancement produced by different dielectric resonances and their theoretical description. Using the optical reciprocity theorem, we derive an expression which links the Raman enhancement to the enhancement of the stored electric energy. We also address recent results on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy based on high-refractive-index dielectric materials along with applications in stimulated Raman scattering and nanothermometry. Finally, we discuss the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a tool for detecting the optical near-fields produced by dielectric resonances, complementing reflection and transmission measurements.
Effect of nano-silica slurry on engineering, X-ray, and γ-ray attenuation characteristics of steel slag high-strength heavyweight concrete
Authors: Ban Cheah Chee , Khalaf Mohammed A. , Ramli Mahyuddin , Ahmed Naser M. , Abunahel Bassam M. , Dawood Eethar Thanon , Ameri Farshad 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHigh molar mass materials (nano-silica slurry [NSS] and aggregate of steel furnace slag [ASFS]) can improve concrete shielding properties. However, only a few studies have been reported in this regard. Hence, this paper aims to determine the effect of NSS and ASFS on the properties of the resulting steel slag heavyweight concrete (SSHWC). The use of NSS in this study is a novel contribution. Furthermore, the maximum percentage of NSS to be introduced into the concrete for maximum effect was also optimized. This study also implemented an investigation program with six concrete mixtures prepared using ASFS as the primary by-product aggregate. The engineering, X-ray, and γ-ray attenuation characteristics of the SSHWC were evaluated. The results showed that the addition of NSS in SSHWC at the optimal content of 3% by weight of cement improved the X-ray shielding by 6.4%. Besides, all the concrete’s engineering and γ-rays’ properties were enhanced correspondingly.
Is There Such a Thing as “Religion”? In Search of the Roots of Spirituality
Authors: Benson Bruce Ellis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThat there exists something like religion seems self-evident. Anthropologists, we are told, have discovered that all cultures have a religion of some kind. But what is “religion”? If we trace the concept to its origins in religio, we see that our current definition of the term is considerably different. The Latin term religio has to do with virtue or fulfilling one’s obligations to one’s family and community. It has nothing immediately to do with gods, the supernatural, and the afterlife. In contrast, “religion” – something to do with a kind of belief or faith – took about a millennium to take shape. At stake here is a distinction that continues to grow in importance with the increasing number of “nones,” people who consider themselves “non-religious” but are sometimes willing to label themselves “spiritual.” Such a distinction is only meaningful to the extent there is a difference. My paper begins by establishing the nature and the scope of the question. Then I consider Husserl’s idea of returning to the origin – the Ursprung. In effect, Husserl’s quest can be considered an archaeology. Yet an archaeology of religion or even “spirituality” turns out to be impossible. In light of that, I ask: Is there something like primordial religion – something that we could likewise experience today? I suggest that we can find it in Plato, Aristotle, and Kant – an awe or wonder in face of the complexity of the universe. William Cantwell Smith speaks of “the archaic meaning of religio as that awe that men felt in the presence of an uncanny and dreadful power of the unknown.” That awe in religio and philosophy seem to be fundamentally the same. But, if that is the case, then the distinction between “religious” and “spiritual” may not have any real basis.
Astatine-211 labelled a small molecule peptide: specific cell killing in vitro and targeted therapy in a nude-mouse model
Authors: Liu Weihao , Tang Yu , Ma Huan , Li Feize , Hu Yingjiang , Yang Yuanyou , Yang Jijun , Liao Jiali , Liu Ning 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Extensive interest in the development of α-emitting radionuclides astatine-211 (211At) stems from the potential superiority for the treatment of smaller tumors, disseminated disease, and metastatic disease. VP2, a small molecule fusion peptide, can specifically bind to the VPAC1 receptor which is over-expressed in malignant epithelial tumors. In our recent study, we performed the preparation of 211At labelled VP2 through a one-step method. In this work, we explored the targeted radionuclide therapy with [211At]At-SPC-VP2 in vitro and in vivo. The cytotoxicity and specific cell killing of [211At]At-SPC-VP2 were evaluated using the CCK-8 assay. Compared with the [211At]NaAt, the VPAC1-targeted radionuclide compound [211At]At-SPC-VP2 showed more effective cytotoxicity in vitro. Targeted radioactive therapy trial was carried out in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) xenograft mice. For the therapy experiment, 4 groups of mice were injected via the tail vein with 370 kBq, 550 kBq, 740 kBq, 3 × ∼246 kBq of [211At]At-SPC-VP2, of which the second and third injections were given 4 and 8 days after the first injection, respectively. As controls, animals were treated with saline or 550 kBq [211At]NaAt. The body weight and tumor size of mice were monitored before the administration and every 2 days thereafter. Cytotoxic radiation of partial tissue samples such as kidneys, liver and stomach of mice were assessed by immunohistochemical examination. The tumor growth was inhibited and significantly improved survival was achieved in mice treated with [211At]At-SPC-VP2, two-fold prolongation of survival compared with the control group, which received normal saline or 550 kBq [211At]NaAt. No renal or hepatic toxicity was observed in the mice receiving [211At]At-SPC-VP2, but gastric pathological sections showed 211At uptake in stomach resulting in later toxicity, highlighting the importance of further enhancing the stability of labelled compounds.