bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switching warfarin to direct oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation: Insights from the NCDR PINNACLE registry
Authors: Sciria Christopher T. , Maddox Thomas M. , Marzec Lucas , Rodwin Benjamin , Virani Salim S. , Annapureddy Amarnath , Freeman James V. , O'Hare Ali , Liu Yuyin , Song Yang , Doros Gheorghe , Zheng Yue , Lee Jane J. , Daggubati Ramesh , Vadlamani Lina , Cannon Christopher , Desai Nihar R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies examining the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in atrial fibrillation (AF) have largely focused on patients newly initiating therapy. Little is known about the prevalence/patterns of switching to DOACs among AF patients initially treated with warfarin.HypothesisTo examine patterns of anticoagulation among patients chronically managed with warfarin upon the availability of DOACs and identify patient/practice‐level factors associated with switching from chronic warfarin therapy to a DOAC.MethodsProspective cohort study of AF patients in the NCDR PINNACLE registry prescribed warfarin between May 1, 2008 and May 1, 2015. Patients were followed at least 1 year (median length of follow‐up 375 days, IQR 154‐375) through May 1, 2016 and stratified as follows: continued warfarin, switched to DOAC, or discontinued anticoagulation. To identify significant predictors of switching, a three‐level multivariable hierarchical regression was developed.ResultsAmong 383 008 AF patients initially prescribed warfarin, 16.3% (n = 62 620) switched to DOACs, 68.8% (n = 263 609) continued warfarin, and 14.8% (n = 56 779) discontinued anticoagulation. Among those switched, 37.6% received dabigatran, 37.0% rivaroxaban, 24.4% apixaban, and 1.0% edoxaban. Switched patients were more likely to be younger, women, white, and have private insurance (all P < .001). Switching was less likely with increased stroke risk (OR, 0.92; 95%CI, 0.91‐0.93 per 1‐point increase CHA2DS2‐VASc), but more likely with increased bleeding risk (OR, 1.12; 95%CI, 1.10‐1.13 per 1‐point increase HAS‐BLED). There was substantial variation at the practice‐level (MOR, 2.33; 95%CI, 2.12‐2.58) and among providers within the same practice (MOR, 1.46; 95%CI, 1.43‐1.49).ConclusionsAmong AF patients treated with warfarin between October 1, 2010 and May 1, 2016, one in six were switched to DOACs, with differences across sociodemographic/clinical characteristics and substantial practice‐level variation. In the context of current guidelines which favor DOACs over warfarin, these findings help benchmark performance and identify areas of improvement.
Enhanced Molecular CO2 Electroreduction Enabled by a Flexible Hydrophilic Channel for Relay Proton Shuttling
Authors: Williams Caroline K. , Lashgari Amir , Chai Jingchao , Jiang Jianbing “Jimmy” 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe effects of primary and second coordination spheres on molecular electrocatalysis have been extensively studied, yet investigations of third functional spheres are rarely reported. Here, an electrocatalyst (ZnPEG8T) was developed with a hydrophilic channel as a third functional sphere that facilitates relay proton shuttling to the primary and second coordination spheres for enhanced catalytic CO2 reduction. Using foot‐of‐the‐wave analysis, the ZnPEG8T catalyst displayed CO2‐to‐CO activity (TOFmax) thirty times greater than that of the benchmark catalyst without a third functional sphere. A kinetic isotopic effect (KIE) study, in conjunction with voltammetry and UV/Vis spectroscopy, uncovered that the rate‐limiting step was not the protonation step of the metallocarboxylate intermediate, as observed in many other molecular CO2 reduction electrocatalysts, but rather the replenishment of protons in the proton‐shuttling channel. Controlled‐potential electrolysis using ZnPEG8T displayed a faradaic efficiency of 100 % for CO2‐to‐CO conversion at −2.4 V vs. Fc/Fc+. A Tafel plot was also generated for a comparison to other reported molecular catalysts. This report validates a strategy for incorporating higher functional spheres for enhanced catalytic efficiency in proton‐coupled electron‐transfer reactions.
Perfectionism and impulsivity based risk profiles in eating disorders
Authors: Soidla Kärol , Akkermann Kirsti 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe categorical classification of eating disorders (ED) has several limitations, for example, high symptom variability within the diagnosis and limited predictive validity for treatment response. An alternative is classifying individuals with ED based on personality traits, which can reflect underlying etiological mechanisms. We aimed to find latent profiles based on facets of maladaptive and adaptive perfectionism, impulsivity and ED symptoms.MethodThe sample comprised of 274 women—164 had an ED diagnosis and 110 were controls. Two separate latent profile analyses were performed—one on the mixed sample (controls and individuals with ED) and the other on the sample of individuals with ED only.ResultsWe identified a five‐class model to be the best fit for the mixed sample. The classes were: (a) moderately impulsive, (b) high functioning, (c) purely perfectionistic, (d) emotionally dysregulated, (e) behaviorally dysregulated. Among the individuals with ED, a four‐class solution was found to be the best fit. The classes were very similar in their response patterns on indicator variables to response patterns observed in the mixed sample, except the emotionally and behaviorally dysregulated classes that formed into one class.DiscussionIn addition to the well‐known high‐functioning, overcontrolled and undercontrolled classes, two to three undercontrolled classes (moderately impulsive, behaviorally, and emotionally dysregulated class) emerged. Those classes differentiated on perfectionism and impulsivity levels as well as on ED symptom severity and psychiatric comorbidities—all of which may influence maintenance of ED, appropriate treatment choice and therefore treatment response.
Prediagnostic serum selenium levels in relation to breast cancer survival and tumor characteristics
Authors: Sandsveden Malte , Nilsson Emelie , Borgquist Signe , Rosendahl Ann H. , Manjer Jonas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWomen with lower levels of serum selenium (Se) may have a worse survival in breast cancer than women with higher levels, despite no difference in incidence of the disease. Our study was conducted to test whether Se is associated with the aggressiveness of breast tumors. Both the risk of having a tumor characteristic associated with worse prognosis, as well as the overall and breast cancer‐specific mortality, were studied. We identified breast cancer cases and controls within the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, a population‐based cohort with 17 035 women recruited between 1991 and 1996. Inclusion criteria were incident breast cancer. Exclusion criteria were carcinoma in situ and bilateral breast cancer. Controls were selected among breast cancer‐free women both from matching (n = 694) as well as randomization (n = 492). After exclusion, 1066 cases remained and were compared to controls regarding their prediagnostic serum Se levels and subsequent risk of having a certain tumor characteristic or intrinsic subtype. We also followed breast cancer patients regarding overall and breast cancer‐specific mortality, comparing different Se quartiles. No association between serum Se quartile and any tumor characteristic or intrinsic subtype was found. Lower overall mortality was found among women in the highest Se quartile compared to the lowest using an adjusted Cox proportional hazards model, hazard ratio 0.63 (95% confidence interval: 0.44‐0.89). Similar results were seen for breast cancer‐specific mortality, 0.60 (0.37‐0.98). The results of our study support that Se is associated with a lower mortality in breast cancer, not related to established prognostic factors.
Bone-Specific Drugs and Osteonecrosis of Sites Other Than the Jaw: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Nordström Peter , Bergman Jonathan , Ballin Marcel , Björk Sabine , Nordström Anna 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Bone-specific drugs (BSDs) increase the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), but whether they increase the risk of osteonecrosis at other sites is not known. Two studies, a cohort study and a case–control study, were conducted using registry data on everyone who was residing in Sweden on December 31, 2005, and who was 50 years of age or older at the time (n = 3,523,912). In the cohort study, individuals prescribed a BSD during the period 2006–2017 (n = 217,387) were 1:1 matched with nonusers on birth year, sex, hip fracture status, and Swedish or foreign origin. In the case–control study, individuals diagnosed with osteonecrosis during 2006–2017 (n = 12,614) were 1:1 matched with individuals without a diagnosis of osteonecrosis on birth year, sex, and Swedish or foreign background. In the cohort study, osteonecrosis was diagnosed in 983 BSD users and 214 nonusers (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 4.02; 95% CI, 3.32–4.87), during a mean treatment time of 2.8 years. A similar association was observed in a subcohort where all individuals diagnosed with cancer (HR 4.82; 95% CI, 2.52–9.22). The greatest difference in incidence between BSD users and nonusers was observed in patients with a femoral neck fracture that was not treated with total hip arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty (incidence rate difference, 77.8 cases per 10,000 person-years, p &lt; .05). The risk of osteonecrosis was higher in users of denosumab (HR 1.93; 95% CI, 1.33–2.79) and users of zoledronic acid (HR 1.95; 95% CI, 1.31–2.91) than in users of other BSDs. The increased risk of osteonecrosis decreased after the end of therapy (p &lt; .001 for time trend). The results were confirmed in the case–control study. In summary, use of BSDs, especially more potent BSDs, is associated with increased risk of osteonecrosis of sites other than the jaw. This increased risk decreases after the final dose of BSD. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Fgfr3 Is a Positive Regulator of Osteoblast Expansion and Differentiation During Zebrafish Skull Vault Development
Authors: Dambroise Emilie , Ktorza Ivan , Brombin Alessandro , Abdessalem Ghaith , Edouard Joanne , Luka Marine , Fiedler Imke , Binder Olivia , Pelle Olivier , Patton E Elizabeth , Busse Björn , Menager Mickaël , Sohm Frederic , Legeai-Mallet Laurence 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Gain or loss-of-function mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) result in cranial vault defects highlighting the protein's role in membranous ossification. Zebrafish express high levels of fgfr3 during skull development; in order to study FGFR3's role in cranial vault development, we generated the first fgfr3 loss-of-function zebrafish (fgfr3lof/lof). The mutant fish exhibited major changes in the craniofacial skeleton, with a lack of sutures, abnormal frontal and parietal bones, and the presence of ectopic bones. Integrated analyses (in vivo imaging and single-cell RNA sequencing of the osteoblast lineage) of zebrafish fgfr3lof/lof revealed a delay in osteoblast expansion and differentiation, together with changes in the extracellular matrix. These findings demonstrate that fgfr3 is a positive regulator of osteogenesis. We conclude that changes in the extracellular matrix within growing bone might impair cell–cell communication, mineralization, and new osteoblast recruitment. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Optimism and gratitude on suicide risk in Spanish adults: Evidence for doubling up or doubling down?
Authors: Sánchez‐Álvarez Nicolás , Extremera Natalio , Rey Lourdes , Chang Edward C. , Chang Olivia D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examines the role of optimism and gratitude as predictors of suicide risk, namely depressive symptoms and suicide ideation. Beyond their expected predictive role, optimism and gratitude were also hypothesized to interact together to predict both suicide risk outcomes.MethodsA sample of 1,013 Spanish adults (521 females) participated in this study. The average age was 39.63 years old (standard deviation = 16.19; range 16–82).ResultsResults indicated that the optimism × gratitude interaction term significantly augmented the prediction of both depressive symptoms and suicide ideation. Specifically, pessimists presented with a higher risk of suicide, but the effect was weaker among those individuals with higher levels of gratitude. Alternatively, optimists with high gratitude showed the highest amount of protection from suicide risk.ConclusionsOur findings are the first to show how optimism and gratitude might interact as a positive psychological variable to confer greater personal resources in protecting individuals against suicide risk.
Early and natural embryonic death in Lagostomus maximus: Association with the uterine glands, vasculature, and musculature
Authors: Acuña Francisco , Barbeito Claudio G. , Portiansky Enrique L. , Ranea Guadalupe , Nishida Fabian , Miglino María A. , Flamini Mirta A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe uterus is an organ with great plasticity due to the morphological and physiological changes it experiences during the estrous cycle and pregnancy. In mammals, pregnancy requires diverse sex hormones, growth factors and cytokines, among others, for promoting uterine remodeling to favor implantation, placentation, and embryo/fetus survival and growth. The hystricognathi rodent Lagostomus maximus (plains viscacha) has a high rate of embryonic resorption. The cranial and middle implants are reabsorbed 25–35 days after intercourse while the caudal embryos continue with their development until two precocial offspring are born. So far, no uterine studies of non‐pregnant L. maximus females were performed to determine the possible existence of variations in the organ that could be related to the differential survival of the implants. We used ultrasonography, as well as morphological, morphometric, histochemical, lectinhistochemical, and immunohistochemical methods to study differences in the uterine glands (area), vasculature (area), and musculature (thickness) along the uterine horns in non‐pregnant females. Along the uterus, all these structures were in more advanced developmental condition in the caudal region as compared to more anterior positions. These regional variations could be decisive in explaining the reason why only caudal implantations come to term. In contrast, no differences in the in the luminal and glandular epithelial cells, nor in the degree of cell proliferation and apoptosis, and hormonal receptor staining were found. These parameters could be related to implantation along the uterine horns, but not to the differential survival of the implants.
Plasmid gene AZOBR_p60126 impacts biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide II and swarming motility in Azospirillum brasilense Sp245
Authors: Petrova Lilia P. , Yevstigneyeva Stella S. , Borisov Igor V. , Shelud'ko Andrei V. , Burygin Gennady L. , Katsy Elena I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe facultative plant endophyte Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 synthesizes two high‐molecular‐weight lipopolysaccharides, LPSI and LPSII, which comprise identical d‐rhamnan O‐polysaccharides and, presumably different core oligosaccharides. Previously, using random insertion mutagenesis, we constructed the LpsII− mutant KM139 of strain Sp245 that possessed an Omegon‐Km insertion in plasmid AZOBR_p6. Here, we found that in KM139, Omegon‐Km disrupted the coding sequence AZOBR_p60126 for a putative glycosyltransferase related to mannosyltransferases and rhamnosyltransferases. To verify its function, we cloned the AZOBR_p60126 gene of strain Sp245 in the expression vector plasmid pRK415 and transferred the construct pRK415–p60126 into KM139. In the complemented mutant KM139 (pRK415–p60126), the wild‐type LPSI+ LPSII+ profile was recovered. We also compared the swimming and swarming motilities of strains Sp245, Sp245 (pRK415), KM139, KM139 (pRK415), and KM139 (pRK415–p60126). All these strains had the same flagellar‐dependent swimming speeds, but on soft media, the LpsI+ LpsII− strains KM139 and KM139 (pRK415) swarmed significantly faster than the other LpsI+ LpsII+ strains. Such interstrain differences in swarming motility were more pronounced on 0.4% than on 0.5% soft agar plates. These data show that the AZOBR_p60126‐encoded putative glycosyltransferase significantly affects the lipopolysaccharide profile and, as a consequence, the social motility of azospirilla.
Morphological and structural response of Bacillus sp. SFC 500‐1E after Cr(VI) and phenol treatment
Authors: Fernandez Marilina , Paulucci Natalia S. , Reynoso Eugenia , Morales Gustavo M. , Agostini Elizabeth , González Paola S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBacillus sp. SFC 500‐1E, a bacterial strain isolated from tannery sediments, is able to remove Cr(VI) and simultaneously tolerate high concentrations of phenol. In this study, we used high‐resolution microscopies, fluorescence polarization techniques, and several biochemical approaches to improve our understanding about the adaptive mechanisms of this strain to survive in the presence of Cr(VI) and phenol, both individually and simultaneously. Among adaptive strategies developed by Bacillus sp. SFC 500‐1E, an increase in bacterial size, such as length, width, and height, and ultrastructural alterations, such as electron‐dense precipitates, the presence of exopolymers, and cell lysis, are noteworthy. The exopolymers observed were consistent with the extensive biofilm formation and exopolysaccharides and extracellular protein quantification. At the cell membrane level, a rapid rigidity was induced in Cr(VI) + phenol treatment. This effect was counteracted after 16 h by changes at the level of phospholipids, mainly in the composition of fatty acids (FAs); in particular, an increase in the unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid ratio was detected. This study shows evidence of some adaptive responses displayed by Bacillus sp. SFC 500‐1E, which allows it to survive in stressful conditions.
The effect of insect or microalga alternative protein feeds on broiler meat quality
Authors: Altmann Brianne A , Wigger Ruth , Ciulu Marco , Mörlein Daniel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn order to combat environmental and food security concerns associated with the increasing demand for soymeal related to increasing meat consumption, this study determines the chicken meat quality derived when soymeal is substituted for either partially de‐fatted Hermetia illucens larval meal or spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) in broiler diets. Physicochemical parameters, sensory traits, and fatty acid composition of the meat are investigated, as well as an experiment to evaluate the impact of highly oxygenated atmosphere versus vacuum‐bag packaging on shelf life was conducted.RESULTSHermetia illucens did not compromise quality; meat was slightly more yellow (higher b*), had a slightly decreased pH, and was less adhesive during chewing compared to the soy‐fed control. Furthermore, Hermetia illucens resulted in higher saturated fatty acids proportions in thigh meat. Spirulina resulted in redder (higher a*) and more yellow (higher b*) meat with a slightly increased umami and chicken flavour. Spirulina‐fed chicken meat had higher lipid oxidation levels compared to the control after being packaged in a highly oxygenated atmosphere; although, differences between the spirulina‐fed and control fatty acid composition in thigh meat were minor.CONCLUSIONBoth alternative protein feeds show potential to replace soymeal in broiler diets; however, they do result in moderately altered products.
Thermal unimolecular decomposition of ethyl 2‐furoate and its reactivity toward OH radicals: A theoretical study
Authors: Mai Tam V.‐T. , Lin Kuang C. , Huynh Lam K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMechanism and kinetics of the thermal pyrolysis of ethyl 2‐furoate were studied in a wide range of conditions (ie, 500‐1500 K and 1‐7600 Torr) using the accurate dual‐level theory CCSD(T)&MP2(FC)//B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVTZ and state‐of‐the‐art Rice‐Ramsperger‐Kassel‐Marcus based master equation rate model including hindered internal rotation and tunneling treatments. The predicted rate coefficients are found to be in accordance with the experimental data. The mechanism details are revealed as (i) the major decomposition channel occurs via a six‐center transition state with the barrier energy of 48.3 kcal/mol at 0 K, leading to the formation of C2H4 and 2‐furoic acid and (ii) pressure has a slightly positive effect on the rate constant, particularly at the high temperature. Also, the reactivity of ethyl 2‐furoate toward OH radicals was discussed in the first place.
Oxymetazoline and Energy‐Based Therapy in Patients with Rosacea: Evaluation of the Safety and Tolerability in an Open‐Label, Interventional Study
Authors: Tanghetti Emil A. , Goldberg David J. , Dover Jeffrey S. , Geronemus Roy G. , Bai Zane , Alvandi Nancy , Shanler Stuart D. 
Published: May 2020

Background and ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of oxymetazoline hydrochloride cream, 1% (oxymetazoline) when used as an adjunctive treatment with energy‐based therapy for patients with moderate to severe facial erythema associated with rosacea.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn this Phase 4, multicenter, interventional, open‐label study, eligible patients received one of four energy‐based therapies (potassium titanyl phosphate laser, intense pulsed light therapy, pulsed‐dye laser Vbeam Perfecta, or pulsed‐dye laser Cynergy) on day 1 and day 29 and once‐daily application of oxymetazoline on days 3 through 27 and days 31 through 56. Improvement from baseline in Clinician Erythema Assessment (CEA) score, patient satisfaction measures, incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), and worsening from baseline on dermal tolerability assessments and the Clinician Telangiectasia Assessment (CTA) were assessed. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics.ResultsA total of 46 patients (mean age, 51.1 years; 78.3% female) enrolled in this study. Similar numbers of patients received each of the energy‐based therapies in addition to oxymetazoline. All patients demonstrated an improvement from baseline in CEA during the study with 39 of 43 evaluable patients (90.7%) demonstrating an improvement 6 hours posttreatment on day 56. Most patients were satisfied or very satisfied with treatment at the end of the study. All TEAEs were mild or moderate in severity. Some patients experienced worsening in dermal tolerability assessment symptoms (range: 4–21 patients; 8.7–45.7%). Worsening in CEA and CTA were each reported by three patients (6.5%) at any time during the study.ConclusionsTreatment with oxymetazoline as adjunctive therapy with energy‐based therapy was safe, well tolerated, and reduced facial erythema in patients with moderate to severe persistent facial erythema associated with rosacea. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC