bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to perform a cardio-thoracic magnetic resonance imaging in COVID-19: comprehensive assessment of heart, pulmonary arteries, and lung parenchyma
Authors: Galea Nicola , Catapano Federica , Marchitelli Livia , Cundari Giulia , Maestrini Viviana , Panebianco Valeria , Mancone Massimo , Fedele Francesco , Catalano Carlo , Francone Marco 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
We proposed a combined cardiothoracic-MRI (CaTh-MRI) protocol for the comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular structures, lung parenchyma, and pulmonary arterial tree, in COVID-19 patients with progressive worsening of clinical conditions and/or suspicion of acute-onset myocardial inflammation. A 25-minutes fast protocol was also conceived for unstable or uncooperative patients by restricting the number of sequences to those necessary to rule out myocardial and to assess pulmonary involvement. In patients requiring CMR characterization of myocardial damage, the addition of lung and thoracic vessel evaluation is of clinical benefit at a minimal time expense.
Valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve implantation with fracturing of a failed small surgical aortic bioprosthesis: a case report
Authors: Bunc Matjaz , Cercek Miha , Podlesnikar Tomaz , Terseglav Simon , Steblovnik Klemen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Failure of a small surgical aortic bioprosthesis represents a challenging clinical scenario with valve-in-valve (ViV) transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) often resulting in patient-prosthesis mismatch. Bioprosthetic valve fracture (BVF) performed as a part of the ViV TAVI has recently emerged as an alternative approach with certain types of surgical bioprostheses.

Case summary
An 81-year-old woman with a history of three surgical aortic valve procedures presented with heart failure. Aortic bioprosthesis degeneration with severe stenosis and moderate regurgitation was found. The patient was deemed a high-risk surgical candidate and the heart team decided that ViV TAVI was the preferred treatment option. Due to the very small 19 mm stented surgical aortic bioprosthesis Mitroflow 19 mm (Sorin Group, Italy) we decided to perform BVF as a part of ViV TAVI to prevent patient-prosthesis mismatch. Since this was the first BVF procedure in our centre, an ex vivo BVF of the same kind of bioprosthetic valve was performed first. Subsequently, successful BVF with implantation of Evolut R 23 mm (Medtronic, USA) self-expandable transcatheter valve was performed. Excellent haemodynamic result was achieved and no periprocedural complications were present. The patient had an immediate major improvement in clinical status and remains asymptomatic after 6 months.

Discussion
Bioprosthetic valve fracture together with ViV TAVI is a safe and effective emerging technique for treatment of small surgical aortic bioprosthesis failure. Bioprosthetic valve fracture allows marked oversizing of implanted self-expandable transcatheter aortic valves, leading to excellent haemodynamic and clinical results. An ex vivo BVF can serve as an important preparatory step when introducing the new method.
A case series of three patients with unilateral disconnected pulmonary artery supplied by an ipsilateral patent ductus arteriosus: neonatal ductal stenting as palliation to preserve pulmonary arterial patency
Authors: Ho Andrew B , Salmon Tony P , Hribernik Ines , Hayes Nicholas , Thomson John D , Bentham James R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Disconnected branch pulmonary arteries with a systemic arterial origin of the disconnected vessel is a rare, but well-described entity. Most will have ductal tissue connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta.

Case summary
We describe in this paper the haemodynamic result in three neonates presenting with ductal origin of a single branch pulmonary artery in the context of trans-catheter stenting procedures to maintain or re-recruit vessel patency. All were faced with potential or actual ductal closure and proceeded to trans-catheter stenting to re-cannalate the duct-dependent pulmonary artery. Two patients with otherwise normal anatomy struggled post-procedure with pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dilatation. Both required surgical re-anastomosis of the disconnected pulmonary artery during the same admission—one 26 days post-stenting following failure to wean from high-flow respiratory support and the second 8 days post-stenting following failed extubation. In contrast, a patient with tetralogy of Fallot born at 2.5 kg underwent sequential stenting of the right ventricular outflow tract and then the left-sided ductus. He had a good post-procedural course and thrived for several months before complete repair.

Discussion
We describe the clinical courses and discuss the resultant haemodynamics, highlighting the importance of flow to each lung, the resulting haemodynamic implications and the compounding effects of additional lesions.
Salvage surgery, chylothorax and pneumonia are the main drivers of unplanned readmissions after oesophagectomy for cancer
Authors: Chen Yu-Ting , Wang Chen-Ti , Chiu Chien-Hung , Chao Yin-Kai 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Unplanned readmissions after surgery can be cumbersome to patients and costly on healthcare resources. The aim of this single-centre study was to identify the independent risk factors for unplanned readmissions in patients who had undergone oesophagectomy for cancer.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 526 consecutive patients with oesophageal cancer who received transthoracic oesophagectomy and were discharged home between 2006 and 2017. Risk factors for unplanned readmission within the first 30 days from discharge were identified by multivariable competing risk analysis.

RESULTS
The mean age of the study patients was 55.14 years and 93.7% were men. Squamous cell carcinoma was identified in 94.1% of the participants, and 68.0% received chemoradiotherapy. There were 299 (56.8%) patients who experienced at least 1 postoperative complication. Fifty-five patients (10.5%) experienced an unplanned readmission. The postoperative 90-day mortality rate among patients who experienced an unplanned readmission was significantly higher than that of cases who did not (9.1% vs 0.2%, respectively, P &lt; 0.001). Multivariable analysis identified chylothorax [hazard ratio (HR): 3.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.89–7.91, P &lt; 0.001], pneumonia (HR: 1.98, 95% CI 1.03–3.82, P = 0.042) and salvage surgery (HR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.10–4.69, P = 0.027) as independent risk factors for unplanned readmissions.

CONCLUSIONS
Salvage surgery, postoperative chylothorax and pneumonia are the main drivers of 30-day unplanned readmissions in patients who had undergone oesophagectomy for cancer. Patients who required unplanned readmissions showed increased early mortality rates.
Disability pension among persons with chronic disease: Differential impact of a Danish policy reform
Authors: Mathisen Jimmi , Jensen Natasja Koitzsch , Bjorner Jakob Bue , Brønnum-Hansen Henrik , Christensen Ulla , Thielen Karsten , Gadeberg Anne Kristine , Andersen Ingelise 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
In 2013, Denmark implemented a reform that tightened the criteria for disability pension, expanded a subsidized job scheme (‘flexi-job’) and introduced a new vocational rehabilitation scheme. The overall aim of the reform was to keep more persons attached to the labour market. This study investigates the impact of the reform among persons with chronic disease and whether this impact differed across groups defined by labour market affiliation and chronic disease type.

Methods
The study was conducted as a register-based, nationwide cohort study. The study population included 480 809 persons between 40 and 64 years of age, who suffered from at least one of six chronic diseases. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of being awarded disability pension or flexi-job in the 5 years after vs. the 5 years prior to the reform were estimated.

Results
Overall, the probability of being awarded disability pension was halved after the reform (HR = 0.49, CI: 0.47–0.50). The impact was largest for persons receiving sickness absence benefits (HR = 0.31, CI: 0.24–0.39) and for persons with functional disorders (HR = 0.38, CI: 0.32–0.44). Also, the impact was larger for persons working in manual jobs than for persons working in non-manual jobs. The probability of being awarded a flexi-job was decreased by one-fourth (HR = 0.76, CI: 0.74–0.79) with the largest impact for high-skilled persons working in non-manual jobs.

Conclusion
Access to disability pension and flexi-job decreased after the reform. This impact varied according to labour market affiliation and chronic disease type.
Functional inhibition or genetic deletion of acid sphingomyelinase bacteriostatically inhibits Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in vivo
Authors: Naimi Waheeda A , Gumpf Jacob J , Cockburn Chelsea L , Camus Sarah , Chalfant Charles E , Li Pin-Lan , Carlyon Jason A 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects neutrophils to cause granulocytic anaplasmosis. It poorly infects mice deficient in acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), a lysosomal enzyme critical for cholesterol efflux, and wild-type mice treated with desipramine that functionally inhibits ASM. Whether inhibition or genetic deletion of ASM is bacteriostatic or bactericidal for A. phagocytophilum and desipramine's ability to lower pathogen burden requires a competent immune system were unknown. Anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected severe combined immunodeficiency disorder (SCID) mice were administered desipramine or PBS, followed by the transfer of blood to naïve wild-type mice. Next, infected wild-type mice were given desipramine or PBS followed by transfer of blood to naïve SCID mice. Finally, wild-type or ASM-deficient mice were infected and blood transferred to naïve SCID mice. The percentage of infected neutrophils was significantly reduced in all desipramine-treated or ASM-deficient mice and in all recipients of blood from these mice. Infection was markedly lower in ASM-deficient and desipramine-treated wild-type mice versus desipramine-treated SCID mice. Yet, infection was never ablated. Thus, ASM activity contributes to optimal A. phagocytophilum infection in vivo, pharmacologic inhibition or genetic deletion of ASM impairs infection in a bacteriostatic and reversible manner and A. phagocytophilum is capable of co-opting ASM-independent lipid sources.
CMV-Specific Cell-Mediated Immunity Predicts a High Level of CMV Replication After Prophylaxis Withdrawal in Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Donadeu Laura , Revilla-López Eva , Jarque Marta , Crespo Elena , Torija Alba , Bravo Carles , Los Arcos Ibai , Meneghini Maria , Favà Alex , Román Antonio , Monforte Víctor , Bestard Oriol 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Monitoring cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is useful in predicting late-onset CMV infection after solid organ transplantation, but few data have been reported after lung transplantation (LT). CMV CMI against 2 CMV antigens (IE-1, pp65) was evaluated in 60 seropositive LT at 6-month prophylaxis withdrawal. LT with late-onset CMV infection showed significantly lower (IE-1)CMV CMI than patients without (P = .045), and was more evident in patients developing high viral loads (P = .010). (IE-1)CMV CMI independently predicted high first late-onset viral replication (odds ratio, 4.358; 95% confidence interval, 1.043–18.215). CMV-specific CMI may be useful in CMV preventive strategies after LT.
Tumor-macrophage crosstalk: how to listen
Authors: Dey Tuli 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The tumor microenvironment contains many cellular components influencing tumor behaviors, such as metastasis, angiogenesis and chemo-resistance. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of such components that can also manipulate the overall prognosis and patient survival. Analysis of tumor-macrophage crosstalk is crucial as tumor cells can polarize circulatory monocytes into TAMs. Such trans-polarization of macrophages support tumor mediated evasion and suppression of immune response. Additionally, such TAMs significantly influence tumor growth and proliferation, making them a potential candidate for precision therapeutics. However, the failure of macrophage-dependent therapies at clinical trials emphasizes the fault in current perception and research modality. This review discussed this field’s progress regarding emerging model systems with a focused view on the in vitro platforms. The inadequacy of currently available models and their implications on existing studies also analyzed. The need for a conceptual and experimental leap toward a human-relevant in vitro custom-built platform for studying tumor-macrophage crosstalk is acknowledged.
Lifecycle management of component catalogs based on a neutral model to support seamless integration with plant 3D design
Authors: Kim Byung Chul , Lee Hyunoh , Mun Duhwan , Han Soonhung 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFor performing design tasks in a process plant construction project using a three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design system, it is necessary to build a library to save catalogs containing information on 3D shape, specifications, and ports for bulk materials, such as pipes and fittings, or custom-built equipment, such as large equipment and skids. Furthermore, a library must be effectively reused as the building process requires considerable time and cost. In this study, a system architecture that manages the entire lifecycle of a catalog is proposed for generating, saving, and managing a neutral catalog for components and for converting to a native format of a commercial system needed by users. Subsequently, detailed technologies required to implement such architecture are discussed. Lastly, experiments on building, searching, and exchanging are conducted for approximately 3000 catalogs provided by company P in Korea to verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture for lifecycle management of a component catalog.
The Presence of Displacement: Object Deposit at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial
Authors: Hilker Anne 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Visitors have left more than 400,000 objects at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial since its dedication in 1982. Memory, loss, and grief dislodge, but also re-settle here, these things in a practice that can result from three distinct kinds of separation. Objects—as do people—can suffer forced moves. The memorial, a product of excavation, opens a physical hollow that visually invites their addition. Their removal and storage by the National Park Service place them out of sight and off the market. Because the memorial space offers the stark contrast of stone and earth, the leaving of these things can mark merely the act of locating and sharing the presence of the unseen. They are the medium of exchange in a sacred, or separate, economy, one that lacks both deity and divinity. Displacement is a heuristic that permits analysis of an apparently random assemblage of people, things, and space as a system in which the purchase of presence consumes these objects.
Temporal evaluation of a woodrat (genusNeotoma) hybrid zone based on genotypic and georeferenced data
Authors: Mauldin Matthew R , Haynie Michelle L , Vrla Sarah C , Bradley Robert D 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMauldin et al. (2014) examined 103 woodrats collected in 1988 from a putative contact zone located in Major County, Oklahoma, and provided evidence for a substantial level of hybridization between Neotoma floridana and N. micropus. This site was resampled in 2010, with 42 woodrats collected, and again in 2011, when an additional 88 woodrats were collected from 11 localities along a transect extending northwest to southeast of the center of the hybrid zone. These specimens were examined to: 1) serve as independent data sets, separated by 22 years, for a temporal comparison of hybrid zone characteristics and 2) determine the geographic extent of genetic introgression between the two species. All individuals were genotyped at 11 genetic markers (eight microsatellite loci, one mitochondrial gene—Cytochrome b, and two nuclear introns—intron 2 of the vertebrate alcohol dehydrogenase gene and intron 7 of the beta-fibrinogen gene) that were shown to be informative in the original study. Levels of allelic introgression were assessed at 12 localities (11 new localities, as well as the previously sampled putative contact zone) to determine size and continuity of the hybrid zone. Expanded geographic sampling revealed evidence of genetic introgression at 11 of 12 localities, although only two localities were determined to be active areas of hybridization in 2011. The temporal comparison revealed that characteristics of the hybrid zone (i.e., frequency of hybridization, directionality, location of the zone, and ratios of hybrid classes) remained similar between sampling events. These findings suggest hybridization between these species is ongoing but is intermittent and potentially ephemeral in this region.
Oil Wealth, Risk Acceptance, and the Seizure of Power
Authors: Powell Jonathan , Schiel Rebecca , Ben Hammou Salah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThough oil wealth is associated with poor economic performance, repression, civil war, and other maladies, the resource is also associated with increased regime durability. We explore this paradox by investigating the influence of oil wealth on coups d’état. Prior findings on the relationship between oil and coups have been inconsistent, a trend we argue is attributable to the varied and sometimes invalid specification of the dependent variable. We theorize that the potential payoff of coups in oil-rich states incentivizes elites to be more risk acceptant when considering coup attempts. We consequently anticipate coup attempts are more likely in oil-rich states, but under conditions that are less likely to succeed. An assessment of a global sample offers strong evidence that oil-rich states are “cursed” with more attempted coups. However, oil rents are not associated with more successful coups. These results explain the curse/durability paradox and point to an understudied aspect of the oil curse and authoritarian survival.
Mental Adaptation to Capsule Work During COVID-19 Outbreak: The Case of Israeli Air Force Career Personnel
Authors: Gordon Shirley , Garbi Dror , Ben Bassat Shahar , Shapira Shachar , Shelef Leah 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Objective
Dealing with the COVID-19 outbreak required a rapid adjustment to an unfamiliar and unique situation. The current study aimed to identify the challenges faced by Israeli Air Force (IAF) career personnel.

Method
A survey was conducted on 550 participants during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak. The participants completed a questionnaire that dealt with unique challenges (personal, family, and command).

Results
Of 550 respondents, 54% reported low mood and irritability, 44% reported a constant feeling of anxiety, and 29% reported having sleep problems. Most of them (66%) were mainly concerned about infecting their family. The shift from normal work conditions to an unfamiliar capsule configuration concerned 58% of respondents. Functional continuity concerned 55% of respondents. Managing subordinates concerned 50% of the participants. Of the three types of challenges analyzed (personal, family, and command), the command challenge was the only one where the personal variables (military role, rank, and marital status) made no difference. Finally, about 30% of all respondents reported they needed professional support in dealing with the new circumstances. Their preferred platform was an easily accessible hotline.

Conclusions
Life under the COVID-19 threat increased stress factors in the military career population. While reporting greater challenges and higher levels of stress, most of the respondents preferred a brief, focused consultation adjusted to the situation rather than conventional psychological help. The command challenge and the perceived responsibility stood above and beyond all variables examined in the present study.
From core collapse to superluminous: the rates of massive stellar explosions from the Palomar Transient Factory
Authors: Frohmaier C , Angus C R , Vincenzi M , Sullivan M , Smith M , Nugent P E , Cenko S B , Gal-Yam A , Kulkarni S R , Law N M , Quimby R M 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We present measurements of the local core-collapse supernova (CCSN) rate using SN discoveries from the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF). We use a Monte Carlo simulation of hundreds of millions of SN light-curve realizations coupled with the detailed PTF survey detection efficiencies to forward model the SN rates in PTF. Using a sample of 86 CCSNe, including 26 stripped-envelope SNe (SESNe), we show that the overall CCSN volumetric rate is $r^\mathrm{CC}_v=9.10_{-1.27}^{+1.56}\times 10^{-5}\, \text{SNe yr}^{-1}\, \text{Mpc}^{-3}\, h_{70}^{3}$ at 〈z〉 = 0.028, and the SESN volumetric rate is $r^\mathrm{SE}_v=2.41_{-0.64}^{+0.81}\times 10^{-5}\, \text{SNe yr}^{-1}\, \text{Mpc}^{-3}\, h_{70}^{3}$. We further measure a volumetric rate for hydrogen-free superluminous SNe (SLSNe-I) using eight events at z ≤ 0.2 of $r^\mathrm{SLSN-I}_v=35_{-13}^{+25}\, \text{SNe yr}^{-1}\text{Gpc}^{-3}\, h_{70}^{3}$, which represents the most precise SLSN-I rate measurement to date. Using a simple cosmic star formation history to adjust these volumetric rate measurements to the same redshift, we measure a local ratio of SLSN-I to SESN of ${\sim}1/810^{+1500}_{-94}$, and of SLSN-I to all CCSN types of ${\sim}1/3500^{+2800}_{-720}$. However, using host galaxy stellar mass as a proxy for metallicity, we also show that this ratio is strongly metallicity dependent: in low-mass (logM* &lt; 9.5 M⊙) galaxies, which are the only environments that host SLSN-I in our sample, we measure an SLSN-I to SESN fraction of $1/300^{+380}_{-170}$ and $1/1700^{+1800}_{-720}$ for all CCSN. We further investigate the SN rates a function of host galaxy stellar mass, and show that the specific rates of all CCSNe decrease with increasing stellar mass.
Kink-driven magnetic reconnection in relativistic jets: consequences for X-ray polarimetry of BL Lacs
Authors: Bodo G , Tavecchio F , Sironi L 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT
We investigate with relativistic MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) simulations the dissipation physics of BL Lac jets, by studying the synchrotron polarization signatures of particles accelerated by the kink instability in a magnetically dominated plasma column. The non-linear stage of the kink instability generates current sheets, where particles can be efficiently accelerated via magnetic reconnection. We identify current sheets as regions where s = Jδ/B is above some predefined threshold (where B is the field strength, J is the current density, and δ is the grid scale), and assume that the particle injection efficiency scales as ∝J2. X-ray emitting particles have short cooling times, so they only probe the field geometry of their injection sites. In contrast, particles emitting in the optical band, which we follow self-consistently as they propagate away from their injection sites while cooling, sample a larger volume, and so they may be expected to produce different polarimetric signatures. We find that the degree of polarization is roughly the same between X-ray and optical bands, because even the optical emitting particles do not travel far from the current sheet where they were injected, due to lack of sufficient kink-generated turbulence. The polarization angle shows a different temporal evolution between the two bands, due to the different regions probed by X-ray and optical emitting particles. In view of the upcoming IXPE satellite, our results can help constrain whether kink-induced reconnection (as opposed to shocks) can be the source of multiwavelength emission from BL Lacs.