bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep for Stroke Management and Recovery Trial (Sleep SMART): Rationale and methods
Authors: Brown Devin L , Durkalski Valerie , Durmer Jeffrey S , Broderick Joseph P , Zahuranec Darin B , Levine Deborah A , Anderson Craig S , Bravata Dawn M , Yaggi H Klar , Morgenstern Lewis B , Moy Claudia S , Chervin Ronald D 
Published: February 2020

Rationale Obstructive sleep apnea is common among patients with acute ischemic stroke and is associated with reduced functional recovery and an increased risk for recurrent vascular events. Aims and/or hypothesis The Sleep for Stroke Management and Recovery Trial (Sleep SMART) aims to determine whether automatically adjusting continuous positive airway pressure (aCPAP) treatment for obstructive sleep apnea improves clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke or high-risk transient ischemic attack. Sample size estimate A total of 3062 randomized subjects for the prevention of recurrent serious vascular events, and among these, 1362 stroke survivors for the recovery outcome. Methods and design Sleep SMART is a phase III, multicenter, prospective randomized, open, blinded outcome event assessed controlled trial. Adults with recent acute ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack and no contraindication to aCPAP are screened for obstructive sleep apnea with a portable sleep apnea test. Subjects with confirmed obstructive sleep apnea but without predominant central sleep apnea proceed to a run-in night of aCPAP. Subjects with use (≥4 h) of aCPAP and without development of significant central apneas are randomized to aCPAP plus usual care or care-as-usual for six months. Telemedicine is used to monitor and facilitate aCPAP adherence remotely. Study outcomes Two separate primary outcomes: (1) the composite of recurrent acute ischemic stroke, acute coronary syndrome, and all-cause mortality (prevention) and (2) the modified Rankin scale scores (recovery) at six- and three-month post-randomization, respectively. Discussion Sleep SMART represents the first large trial to test whether aCPAP for obstructive sleep apnea after stroke/transient ischemic attack reduces recurrent vascular events or death, and improves functional recovery.
Is exposure to family member incarceration during childhood linked to diabetes in adulthood? Findings from a representative community sample
Authors: White Bradley A , West Keri J , Fuller-Thomson Esme 
Published: February 2020

Objectives: Diabetes is a prevalent and serious public health problem, particularly among older adults. A robust literature has shown that adverse childhood experiences contribute to the development of health problems in later life, including diabetes. Family member incarceration during childhood is an under-investigated yet increasingly common adverse childhood experience in the United States. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family member incarceration during childhood and diabetes in adulthood, while considering the role of gender as well as the impact of a range of potential confounds. Methods: A large representative community sample of adults aged 40 and older (n = 8790 men, 14,255 women) was drawn from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2012 optional adverse childhood experiences module to investigate the association between family member incarceration during childhood and diabetes. For each gender, nine logistic regression analyses were conducted using distinct clusters of variables (e.g. socioeconomic status and health behaviors). Results: Among males, the odds of diabetes among those exposed to family member incarceration during childhood ranged from 2.00 to 1.59. In the fully adjusted model, they had elevated odds of 1.64 (95% confidence interval = 1.27, 2.11). Among women, the odds of diabetes was much lower, hovering around 1.00. Conclusion: Findings suggest that family member incarceration during childhood is associated with diabetes in men, even after adjusting for a wide range of potential risk factors (e.g. sociodemographics, health behaviors, healthcare access, and childhood risk factors). Future research should explore the mechanisms linking family member incarceration during childhood and long-term negative health outcomes in men.
A full-thickness chemical burn to the hand using formic acid-based anti-wart treatment: a case report and literature review
Authors: Sjökvist Olivia , Smolle Christian , Jensson David , Huss Fredrik 
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Chemical burns are comparably rare but often result in full-thickness skin defects with frequent involvement of underlying structures. Hands are the most commonly affected injury site and impaired functional outcome is common. We present a case of an unusual chemical burn to the dorsum of the hand of a child secondary to application of a topical anti-wart treatment containing formic acid. Case report: An 11-year-old girl was referred to our outpatient department with a full-thickness injury resulting from a chemical burn having used a topical formic acid solution in the treatment of common warts. On examination, a 20-mm circular full-thickness defect was noted to the dorsum of the hand. The extensor tendons were not involved and there were no signs of infection. She required surgical debridement and local flap coverage. The postoperative recovery was unremarkable. Conclusion: Through a comprehensive literature review, four common topical solutions used in anti-wart treatment were identified to be associated with burns. Together with our case, this highlights the importance of careful patient education in the usage of common topical over-the-counter treatments.
Fire agate from the Deer Creek deposit (Arizona, USA) – new insights into structure and mineralogy
Authors: Natkaniec-Nowak Lucyna , Dumańska-Słowik Magdalena , Gaweł Adam , Łatkiewicz Anna , Kowalczyk-Szpyt Joanna , Wolska Anna , Milovská Stanislava , Luptáková Jarmila , Ładoń Karolina 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFire agates from Deer Creek are highly appreciated gemstones due to the presence of optical phenomena and rainbow colours that cause fiery effects to be observed on their characteristic brown base. The specific morphology of poorly ordered chalcedony (crystallinity index = 0.1–1.5) with an admixture of mogánite (av. 6.6%), micro-quartz and opal-C forming a colloform texture seems to be responsible for the presence of fire effect in these agates. The multi-layered silica spheroidal forms (‘bubble’-like structure), already noted in hand specimens, could be the centres of reflection and interference of white light. Numerous, microscopic inclusions of Fe and Ti compounds randomly scattered within some silica zones, together with microstructural features of agate, could determine the colour and size of the domains with the optical effect. Deer Creek fire agates form veins within their host volcanic rocks. The silica mineralisation filling the network of fissures in the host rocks was supplied cyclically with aqueous fluids of varying composition, enriched periodically in CO2, Fe, Ti, Mn, Zn and Ca. As a result, the red-brown colour of fire agates was created by scattered pigments of tiny iron oxides (magnetite, maghemite) and titanium oxides (rutile, anatase) within the silica matrix. The precipitation of strongly disordered silica with a characteristic colloform texture is diagnostic for boiling processes in this area.
Sensitive Cross-Linked SnO2:NiO Networks for MEMS Compatible Ethanol Gas Sensors
Authors: Tong Weiguang , Wang Ying , Bian Yuzhi , Wang Anqi , Han Ning , Chen Yunfa 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNowadays, it is still technologically challenging to prepare highly sensitive sensing films using microelectrical mechanical system (MEMS) compatible methods for miniaturized sensors with low power consumption and high yield. Here, sensitive cross-linked SnO2:NiO networks were successfully fabricated by sputtering SnO2:NiO target onto the etched self-assembled triangle polystyrene (PS) microsphere arrays and then ultrasonically removing the PS microsphere templates in acetone. The optimum line width (~ 600 nm) and film thickness (~ 50 nm) of SnO2:NiO networks were obtained by varying the plasma etching time and the sputtering time. Then, thermal annealing at 500 °C in H2 was implemented to activate and reorganize the as-deposited amorphous SnO2:NiO thin films. Compared with continuous SnO2:NiO thin film counterparts, these cross-linked films show the highest response of ~ 9 to 50 ppm ethanol, low detection limits (< 5 ppm) at 300 °C, and also high selectivity against NO2, SO2, NH3, C7H8, and acetone. The gas-sensing enhancement could be mainly attributed to the creating of more active adsorption sites by increased stepped surface in cross-linked SnO2:NiO network. Furthermore, this method is MEMS compatible and of generality to effectively fabricate other cross-linked sensing films, showing the promising potency in the production of low energy consumption and wafer-scale MEMS gas sensors.
Rational synthesis, characterization, and application of environmentally friendly (polymer–carbon dot) hybrid composite film for fast and efficient UV-assisted Cd2+ removal from water
Authors: Jlassi Khouloud , Eid Kamel , Sliem Mostafa H. , Abdullah Aboubakr M. , Chehimi Mohamed M. , Krupa Igor 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Carbon dots (CDs) are of particular interest in numerous applications. However, their efficiency for heavy metal removal from wastewater was not yet reported. Herein, we rationally synthesized CDs from petroleum coke waste via hydrothermal treatment in the presence of ammonia.

Results
This drove the formation of outstanding photoluminescent, water-soluble, biocompatible, and high yield of monodispersed sub-5 nm CDs. The CDs are co-doped with high 10% of N and 0.2% of S. The as-prepared CDs possess unprecedented photoluminescent properties over broad pH range making these dots unique efficient pH sensor.

Conclusions
Chitosan (CH)–CDs hybrid hydrogel nanocomposite film was further prepared as a platform membrane for the removal Cd2+ metal from wastewater. The as-prepared CH–CDs membranes show relatively good mechanical properties, based on stress resistance and flexibility to facilitate handling. The equilibrium state was reached within 5 min. Intriguingly, the UV-light illuminations enhanced the Cd2+ removal efficiency of the photoluminescent CDs substantially by four times faster under. It was found that adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity at 25 °C was found to be 112.4 mg g−1 at pH 8. This work paves the way to new applications of CDs in water treatment.
GeDi: applying suffix arrays to increase the repertoire of detectable SNVs in tumour genomes
Authors: Coleman Izaak , Corleone Giacomo , Arram James , Ng Ho-Cheung , Magnani Luca , Luk Wayne 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Current popular variant calling pipelines rely on the mapping coordinates of each input read to a reference genome in order to detect variants. Since reads deriving from variant loci that diverge in sequence substantially from the reference are often assigned incorrect mapping coordinates, variant calling pipelines that rely on mapping coordinates can exhibit reduced sensitivity.

Results
In this work we present GeDi, a suffix array-based somatic single nucleotide variant (SNV) calling algorithm that does not rely on read mapping coordinates to detect SNVs and is therefore capable of reference-free and mapping-free SNV detection. GeDi executes with practical runtime and memory resource requirements, is capable of SNV detection at very low allele frequency (<1%), and detects SNVs with high sensitivity at complex variant loci, dramatically outperforming MuTect, a well-established pipeline.

Conclusion
By designing novel suffix-array based SNV calling methods, we have developed a practical SNV calling software, GeDi, that can characterise SNVs at complex variant loci and at low allele frequency thus increasing the repertoire of detectable SNVs in tumour genomes. We expect GeDi to find use cases in targeted-deep sequencing analysis, and to serve as a replacement and improvement over previous suffix-array based SNV calling methods.
A mitogenomic phylogeny of chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora)
Authors: Irisarri Iker , Uribe Juan E. , Eernisse Douglas J. , Zardoya Rafael 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPolyplacophora, or chitons, have long fascinated malacologists for their distinct and rather conserved morphology and lifestyle compared to other mollusk classes. However, key aspects of their phylogeny and evolution remain unclear due to the few morphological, molecular, or combined phylogenetic analyses, particularly those addressing the relationships among the major chiton lineages.ResultsHere, we present a mitogenomic phylogeny of chitons based on 13 newly sequenced mitochondrial genomes along with eight available ones and RNAseq-derived mitochondrial sequences from four additional species. Reconstructed phylogenies largely agreed with the latest advances in chiton systematics and integrative taxonomy but we identified some conflicts that call for taxonomic revisions. Despite an overall conserved gene order in chiton mitogenomes, we described three new rearrangements that might have taxonomic utility and reconstructed the most likely scenario of gene order change in this group. Our phylogeny was time-calibrated using various fossils and relaxed molecular clocks, and the robustness of these analyses was assessed with several sensitivity analyses. The inferred ages largely agreed with previous molecular clock estimates and the fossil record, but we also noted that the ambiguities inherent to the chiton fossil record might confound molecular clock analyses.ConclusionsIn light of the reconstructed time-calibrated framework, we discuss the evolution of key morphological features and call for a continued effort towards clarifying the phylogeny and evolution of chitons.
Comparative transcriptome analysis uncovers regulatory roles of long non-coding RNAs involved in resistance to powdery mildew in melon
Authors: Gao Chao , Sun Jianlei , Dong Yumei , Wang Chongqi , Xiao Shouhua , Mo Longfei , Jiao Zigao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with more than 200 nucleotides in length, which play vital roles in a wide range of biological processes. Powdery mildew disease (PM) has become a major threat to the production of melon. To investigate the potential roles of lncRNAs in resisting to PM in melon, it is necessary to identify lncRNAs and uncover their molecular functions. In this study, we compared the lncRNAs between a resistant and a susceptible melon in response to PM infection.

Results
It is reported that 11,612 lncRNAs were discovered, which were distributed across all 12 melon chromosomes, and > 85% were from intergenic regions. The melon lncRNAs have shorter transcript lengths and fewer exon numbers than protein-coding genes. In addition, a total of 407 and 611 lncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed after PM infection in PM-susceptible and PM-resistant melons, respectively. Furthermore, 1232 putative targets of differently expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were discovered and gene ontology enrichment (GO) analysis showed that these target genes were mainly enriched in stress-related terms. Consequently, co-expression patterns between LNC_018800 and CmWRKY21, LNC_018062 and MELO3C015771 (glutathione reductase coding gene), LNC_014937 and CmMLO5 were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Moreover, we also identified 24 lncRNAs that act as microRNA (miRNA) precursors, 43 lncRNAs as potential targets of 22 miRNA families and 13 lncRNAs as endogenous target mimics (eTMs) for 11 miRNAs.

Conclusion
This study shows the first characterization of lncRNAs involved in PM resistance in melon and provides a starting point for further investigation into the functions and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in the resistance to PM.
Activating the interleukin-6-Gp130-STAT3 pathway ameliorates ventricular electrical stability in myocardial infarction rats by modulating neurotransmitters in the paraventricular nucleus
Authors: Gao Meng , Yin Dechun , Chen Jugang , Qu Xiufen 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Malignant ventricular arrhythmia (VA) is the most common cause of death associated with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Recent studies have revealed direct involvement of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in the occurrence of VA. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated changes in the interleukin-6 (IL-6)-glycoprotein 130-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway in the PVN during acute MI and the effects of this pathway on ventricular stability.

Methods
Rats were divided into a control group, a MI group, a PVN-injected anti-IL-6 antibody group and a PVN-injected SC144 group to observe how IL-6 and its downstream glycoprotein 130-STAT3 pathway in the PVN affect ventricular stability. The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to induce MI. After that, an anti-IL-6 antibody and SC144 were injected into the PVNs of rats. All data are expressed as the mean ± SE and were analysed by ANOVA with a post hoc LSD test. p < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.

Results
After MI, the concentration of the inflammatory factor IL-6 increased, and its downstream glycoprotein 130-STAT3 pathway was activated in the PVN. After injection of MI rat PVNs with the anti-IL-6 antibody or glycoprotein 130 inhibitor (SC144), glutamate levels increased and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels decreased in the PVN. Plasma norepinephrine concentrations also increased after treatment, which increased the vulnerability to VA.

Conclusions
In summary, IL-6 in the PVN exerts a protective effect in MI rats, and the glycoprotein 130-STAT3 pathway plays a key role in this process. We anticipate that our findings will provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of arrhythmia after MI.
Preventable clinical and psychosocial factors predicted two out of three recurrent cardiovascular events in a coronary population
Authors: Sverre E. , Peersen K. , Weedon-Fekjær H. , Perk J. , Gjertsen E. , Husebye E. , Gullestad L. , Dammen T. , Otterstad J. E. , Munkhaugen J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
The relative importance of lifestyle, medical and psychosocial factors on the risk of recurrent major cardiovascular (CV) events (MACE) in coronary patients’ needs to be identified. The main objective of this study is to estimate the association between potentially preventable factors on MACE in an outpatient coronary population from routine clinical practice.

Methods
This prospective follow-up study of recurrent MACE, determine the predictive impact of risk factors and a wide range of relevant co-factors recorded at baseline. The baseline study included 1127 consecutive patients 2–36 months after myocardial infarction (MI) and/or revascularization procedure. The primary composite endpoint of recurrent MACE defined as CV death, hospitalization due to MI, revascularization, stroke/transitory ischemic attacks or heart failure was obtained from hospital records. Data were analysed using cox proportional hazard regression, stratified by prior coronary events before the index event.

Results
During a mean follow-up of 4.2 years from study inclusion (mean time from index event to end of study 5.7 years), 364 MACE occurred in 240 patients (21, 95% confidence interval: 19 to 24%), of which 39 were CV deaths. In multi-adjusted analyses, the strongest predictor of MACE was not taking statins (Relative risk [RR] 2.13), succeeded by physical inactivity (RR 1.73), peripheral artery disease (RR 1.73), chronic kidney failure (RR 1.52), former smoking (RR 1.46) and higher Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression subscale score (RR 1.04 per unit increase). Preventable and potentially modifiable factors addressed accounted for 66% (95% confidence interval: 49 to 77%) of the risk for recurrent events. The major contributions were smoking, low physical activity, not taking statins, not participating in cardiac rehabilitation and diabetes.

Conclusions
Coronary patients were at high risk of recurrent MACE. Potentially preventable clinical and psychosocial factors predicted two out of three MACE, which is why these factors should be targeted in coronary populations.

Trial registration
Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02309255.
Registered at December 5th, 2014, registered retrospectively.
Homogeneity score test of AC1 statistics and estimation of common AC1 in multiple or stratified inter-rater agreement studies
Authors: Honda Chikara , Ohyama Tetsuji 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background
Cohen’s κ coefficient is often used as an index to measure the agreement of inter-rater determinations. However, κ varies greatly depending on the marginal distribution of the target population and overestimates the probability of agreement occurring by chance. To overcome these limitations, an alternative and more stable agreement coefficient was proposed, referred to as Gwet’s AC1. When it is desired to combine results from multiple agreement studies, such as in a meta-analysis, or to perform stratified analysis with subject covariates that affect agreement, it is of interest to compare several agreement coefficients and present a common agreement index. A homogeneity test of κ was developed; however, there are no reports on homogeneity tests for AC1 or on an estimator of common AC1. In this article, a homogeneity score test for AC1 is therefore derived, in the case of two raters with binary outcomes from K independent strata and its performance is investigated. An estimation of the common AC1 between strata and its confidence intervals is also discussed.

Methods
Two homogeneity tests are provided: a score test and a goodness-of-fit test. In this study, the confidence intervals are derived by asymptotic, Fisher’s Z transformation and profile variance methods. Monte Carlo simulation studies were conducted to examine the validity of the proposed methods. An example using clinical data is also provided.

Results
Type I error rates of the proposed score test were close to the nominal level when conducting simulations with small and moderate sample sizes. The confidence intervals based on Fisher’s Z transformation and the profile variance method provided coverage levels close to nominal over a wide range of parameter combination.

Conclusions
The method proposed in this study is considered to be useful for summarizing evaluations of consistency performed in multiple or stratified inter-rater agreement studies, for meta-analysis of reports from multiple groups and for stratified analysis.