bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harmful drinking occurs in private homes in some high‐ and middle‐income alcohol markets: Data from the International Alcohol Control Study
Authors: Huckle Taisia , Callinan Sarah , Pham Cuong , Chaiyasong Surasak , Parker Karl , Casswell Sally 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo describe how for some high‐ and middle‐income countries, the total volume of alcohol, including volume consumed in harmful drinking occasions, is distributed across drinking locations in each country.MethodsPopulation surveys of drinkers were conducted as part of the International Alcohol Control Study in New Zealand, Australia, Vietnam and Thailand. Consumption data were collected using a beverage‐ and location‐specific measure that also allows for the measurement of unrecorded alcohol.ResultsIn the high‐income countries, the percentage of absolute alcohol consumed in harmful drinking occasions was 44% in New Zealand and 51% in Australia. In the middle‐income countries, the proportions were 55% in Vietnam and 66% in Thailand. The vast majority of alcohol was consumed in private homes (67% or above in all four countries). Private homes were also the location where the highest percentage of alcohol was consumed in harmful drinking occasions (range 33% in New Zealand to 44% in Vietnam). Unrecorded/untaxed alcohol was of considerable importance for heavier drinking occasions in private homes in Vietnam. Bars and nightclubs were more likely locations for harmful drinking in the high‐income countries relative to the middle‐income countries.ConclusionsAs the majority of alcohol consumed in each country, including in harmful drinking occasions, was consumed in private homes, these findings make take‐away alcohol a focus for alcohol policy including trading hour and pricing policies. Unrecorded alcohol was also of considerable importance in Vietnam, highlighting the importance of the policy responses being developed to address unrecorded alcohol.
Stress‐induced cortisol modulates the control of memory retrieval towards the dorsal striatum
Authors: Zerbes Gundula , Kausche Franziska M. , Schwabe Lars 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStress can modulate the recruitment of multiple memory systems during learning, favouring dorsal striatal “habit” learning over hippocampal “cognitive” learning. Here, we tested whether stress may also bias the engagement of “cognitive” and “habit” systems during retrieval and thereby affect the nature of remembering. To this end, participants first performed a probabilistic classification learning task that can be solved by both the “cognitive” and the “habit” system. Twenty‐four hours later, participants underwent either a stress manipulation or a non‐stressful control procedure before they completed a retention test for the previously learned task in the MRI scanner. During this retention test, stress‐induced cortisol levels were linked to a relative bias towards behavioural strategies indicative for the “habit” system. At the neural level, stress led to increased dorsal striatal activity during retrieval. Elevated cortisol levels were directly correlated with increased activity in the dorsal striatum and further linked to reduced functional connectivity between the hippocampus and the amygdala, which is assumed to orchestrate the stress‐related shift from “cognitive” to “habitual” control. Together, our data suggest that stress may bias the contributions of multiple memory systems also at retrieval, in a manner that promotes dorsal striatal “habit” processes and most likely driven by cortisol.
The differential relationship of an afterschool physical activity intervention on brain function and cognition in children with obesity and their normal weight peers
Authors: Logan Nicole E. , Raine Lauren B. , Drollette Eric S. , Castelli Darla M. , Khan Naiman A. , Kramer Arthur F. , Hillman Charles H. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBackgroundPhysical activity (PA) is beneficial for cognitive and brain health during preadolescence. Given that childhood obesity (OB) is a public health concern, investigating this effect in children with OB is an important societal consideration.ObjectivesTo identify the effects of weight status and PA on neuroelectric indices of executive function in preadolescence.MethodsChildren were randomly assigned to a PA intervention or a wait‐list control group and completed a task that manipulated inhibitory control, while task performance and neuroelectric (P3 component) outcomes were assessed. About 103 children with OB were matched to a sample of 103 normal weight (NW) children based on treatment allocation and demographic variables.ResultsChildren with OB in the control group demonstrated reduced P3 amplitude from pre‐ to post‐test, meanwhile those with OB in the PA intervention maintained P3 amplitude at post‐test compared to pre‐test. Additionally, NW children in the PA intervention group showed that decreased visceral adipose tissue corresponded with faster task performance, a relationship not observed in children with OB.ConclusionsThese results suggest that a 9‐month PA intervention may be particularly beneficial to the cognitive and brain health of children with OB. These results are important to consider given the public health concerns associated with childhood OB.
Postreflux swallow‐induced peristaltic wave index from pH‐impedance monitoring associates with esophageal body motility and esophageal acid burden
Authors: Rogers Benjamin D. , Rengarajan Arvind , Ribolsi Mentore , Ghisa Matteo , Quader Farhan , Penagini Roberto , de Bortoli Nicola , Mauro Aurelio , Cicala Michele , Savarino Edoardo , Gyawali C. Prakash 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundPostreflux swallow‐induced peristaltic wave (PSPW) on pH‐impedance monitoring and contraction vigor on high‐resolution manometry (HRM) both assess esophageal peristaltic response. We aimed to evaluate relationships between PSPW and esophageal peristalsis on HRM in the context of reflux disease in this multicenter cohort study.MethodspH‐impedance and HRM studies performed on patients with persisting reflux symptoms were reviewed from 6 centers (5 in Europe and 1 in US). Total, upright and supine acid exposure time (AET) were evaluated from pH‐impedance studies; PSPW index (PSPWI) and mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) were calculated using standard methodology. Esophageal body contraction vigor was analyzed using distal contractile integral (DCI), and DCI ratio > 1 between single swallows and multiple rapid swallows (MRS) defined presence of contraction reserve. Student's t test, ANOVA, and linear regression were utilized to investigate relationships between PSPW, contraction vigor, and contraction reserve.Key ResultsOf 296 patients (52.8 ± 0.8 yr, 63% F), median PSPWI was 0.475. Only 24.0% had intact DCI; the remainder had varying degrees of hypomotility. As hypomotility increased, PSPWI and MNBI decreased significantly, while total AET and reflux episodes had an inverse response (P ≤ .002 for each). MRS data were available in 167 (56.4%), 72.5% had contraction reserve. MRS cohorts with normal PSPWI had significantly lower reflux burden compared to low PSPWI, regardless of presence or absence of contraction reserve (P ≤ .001).Conclusions and InferencesPSPWI correlates with esophageal hypomotility and reflux burden, and complements clinical reflux evaluation. Intact PSPW is more relevant to esophageal reflux clearance than contraction reserve.
Relating Mori’s Uncanny Valley in generating conversations with artificial affective communication and natural language processing
Authors: Betriana Feni , Osaka Kyoko , Matsumoto Kazuyuki , Tanioka Tetsuya , Locsin Rozzano C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHuman beings express affinity (Shinwa‐kan in Japanese language) in communicating transactive engagements among healthcare providers, patients and healthcare robots. The appearance of healthcare robots and their language capabilities often feature characteristic and appropriate compassionate dialogical functions in human–robot interactions. Elements of healthcare robot configurations comprising its physiognomy and communication properties are founded on the positivist philosophical perspective of being the summation of composite parts, thereby mimicking human persons. This article reviews Mori's theory of the Uncanny Valley and its consequent debates, and examines "Uncanny" relations with generating healthcare robot conversational content with artificial affective communication (AAC) using natural language processing. With healthcare robots provoking influential physical composition and sensory expressions, the relations in human–healthcare robot transactive engagements are argued as supportive of the design and development in natural language processing. This implies that maintaining human–healthcare robot interaction and assessing the eeriness situations explained in the Uncanny Valley theory are crucial positions for healthcare robot functioning as a valuable commodity in health care. As such, physical features, language capabilities and mobility of healthcare robots establish the primacy of the AAC with natural language processing as integral to healthcare robot–human healthcare practice.
Flexible Instrumental Variable Distributional Regression
Authors: Briseño Sanchez Guillermo , Hohberg Maike , Groll Andreas , Kneib Thomas 
Published: August 2020

SummaryWe tackle two limitations of standard instrumental variable regression in experimental and observational studies: restricted estimation to the conditional mean of the outcome and the assumption of a linear relationship between regressors and outcome. More flexible regression approaches that solve these limitations have already been developed but have not yet been adopted in causality analysis. The paper develops an instrumental variable estimation procedure building on the framework of generalized additive models for location, scale and shape. This enables modelling all distributional parameters of potentially complex response distributions and non-linear relationships between the explanatory variables, instrument and outcome. The approach shows good performance in simulations and is applied to a study that estimates the effect of rural electrification on the employment of females and males in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal. We find positive marginal effects for the mean for employment of females rates, negative effects for employment of males and a reduced conditional standard deviation for both, indicating homogenization in employment rates due to the electrification programme. Although none of the effects are statistically significant, the application demonstrates the potentials of using generalized additive models for location, scale and shape in instrumental variable regression for both to account for endogeneity and to estimate treatment effects beyond the mean.
Single-machine Integrated Production Preventive Maintenance Scheduling: A Simheuristic Approach
Authors: Abdul Halim Nurul Nadiah , Shariff S. Sarifah Radiah , Zahari Siti Meriam 
Published: August 2020

Preventive maintenance (PM) planning becomes a crucial issue in the real world of the manufacturing process. It is important in the manufacturing industry to maintain the optimum level of production and minimize its investments. Thus, this paper focuses on multiple jobs with a single production line by considering stochastic machine breakdown time. The aim of this paper is to propose a good integration of production and PM schedule that will minimize total completion time. In this study, a hybrid method, which is a genetic algorithm (GA), is used with the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique to deal with the uncertain behavior of machine breakdown time. A deterministic model is adopted and tested under different levels of complexity. Its performance is evaluated based on the value of average completion time. The result clearly shows that the proposed integrated production with PM schedule can reduce the average completion time by 11.68% compared to the production scheduling with machine breakdown time.
Thermoelectric Generator–Integrated Solar Air Heater: A Compact Passive System
Authors: Venkateshwar Kumar , Raihan Mohammad Siddique Abu , Tasnim Syeda , Simha Hari , Mahmud Shohel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Solar air heater is a promising, economically viable, and matured technology for space heating and drying applications. One of the primary reasons for the limited usage of a solar air heater in developing countries is the unavailability of continuous electricity supply. Although the solar air heater is theoretically passive, practically electrical energy is required to achieve a steady airflow. Therefore, the unreliability of electricity forces people to rely on firewood for heat during the cold weather, which has severe effects on health and climate change. In the present work, the potential of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) to meet the electrical energy requirement of a solar air heater is studied. Two configurations, each with three different numbers of stages of TEGs, are analyzed. The effect of the integration of TEGs on the thermal performance of solar air heater is analyzed alongside the comparison between the electrical energy required by solar air heaters and electrical energy generated upon the integration of TEGs. A numerical model is developed in matlab and validated using the experimental results. One of the designs meets the electrical energy requirement of the fan in a wide operational range but lowers the process heat generation by approximately 1–6.25%. The electrical energy generated by the other design falls short of demand posed by the system in most operating range. However, the thermal energy generation is marginally higher compared to that of the conventional solar air heater.
Enhanced Recovery From Naturally Fractured Gas Reservoirs With Seismic Vibrations
Authors: Zare Khadijeh , Mahiyar Hojjat , Ghaedi Mojtaba 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Water level rising in fracture networks of a naturally fractured gas reservoir is extremely challenging and can significantly decrease the ultimate recovery due to reservoir heterogeneity. Although capillary drainage and gravity force can enhance the displacement of gas recovery from matrix to fracture, these forces may not be so effective in mobilizing a large amount of trapped gas through the matrix. So called, the use of seismic wave can be suggested as a low cost and environmentally friendly enhanced method compared with the other conventional enhanced methods. This article is aimed to examine the ability of seismic vibration in generating an efficient driving force for moving the remaining gas into the fracture which, to the best of the author’s knowledge, has not been reported so far. To this end, an in-house numerical simulator has been developed to investigate this enhanced recovery method and also to evaluate the effect of wave characteristics as well as rock properties on the ultimate recovery. The governing equations are solved numerically using finite difference approach and the accuracy of these equations was compared with a commercial simulator for verification. The results are very encouraging and show substantial gas recovery enhancement by applying seismic waves. Our investigation also shows that this stimulation method is more efficient at lower frequencies and also in higher permeable matrix and fractures.
Inverse Optimal Boundary Tracking Control and Observer Design for a One-Link Rotating Flexible Arm
Authors: Do K. D. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A new design of an inverse optimal boundary control law is first proposed to force a one-link rotating flexible arm with a tip mass subject to bounded disturbances to track a reference model. The proposed boundary control law ensures global practical exponential stability of the tracking error system and is optimal in the sense that it minimizes a cost functional that appropriately penalizes both the tracking errors and the boundary control without having to solve a Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. Based on the above boundary control development, an observer-control approach is proposed to design a new inverse optimal observer that globally practically exponentially estimates the one-link rotating flexible arm's states using only measurements at the actuated boundary.
Quantitative Assessment of Rectal Washout With Irrigation and Aspiration
Authors: Ishimaru Kei , Sato Mitsunori , Akita Satoshi , Watanabe Katsuya , Kawamoto Takayasu , Kuwabara Jun , Tanigawa Kazufumi , Nakagawa Yusuke , Kikuchi Satoshi , Tatsuta Kyosuke , Yoshida Motohira , Koga Shigehiro , Watanabe Yuji 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Local recurrence of rectal cancer is defined as any evidence of relapse within the small pelvis after surgical resection of the primary tumor. After removal of a rectal tumor, necrotic cellular debris and viable exfoliated cancer cells are present in the rectal lumen; using saline or povidone-iodine solution, many surgeons perform rectal washout beyond an occlusive clamp to remove these exfoliated malignant cells, which may lead to local recurrence. A meta-analysis showed that intraoperative rectal washout at the surgical anastomosis site can reduce the risk of local recurrence after rectal cancer resection. Therefore, intraluminal lavage is useful to prevent local recurrence. Although intraoperative rectal washing is considered to be important, there is probably room for improvement on this method. We described the idea of a new transanal irrigation and aspiration system for small rectal contents. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of a new rectal washout system using a chemiluminescent imaging system. We attempted to evaluate and compare the washout efficiency between this new system and the conventional irrigation system using a cylindrical rectum model. Our results implied that, at the same volume of solution, the irrigation–aspiration rectal washout system was more effective than the irrigation washout system. This new rectal washout system was easy to use and allowed a good washout. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report that evaluated the efficacy of a rectal washout system using quantitative data.
The Alternative Sigma Factor SigB Is Required for the Pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Henry Stéphanie , Lereclus Didier , Slamti Leyla 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
To adapt to changing and potentially hostile environments, bacteria can activate the transcription of genes under the control of alternative sigma factors, such as SigB, a master regulator of the general stress response in several Gram-positive species. Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive spore-forming invertebrate pathogen whose life cycle includes a variety of environments, including plants and the insect hemocoel or gut. Here, we assessed the role of SigB during the infectious cycle of B. thuringiensis in a Galleria mellonella insect model. We used a fluorescent reporter coupled to flow cytometry and showed that SigB was activated in vivo. We also showed that the pathogenicity of the ΔsigB mutant was severely affected when inoculated via the oral route, suggesting that SigB is critical for B. thuringiensis adaptation to the gut environment of the insect. We could not detect an effect of the sigB deletion on the survival of the bacteria or on their sporulation efficiency in the cadavers. However, the gene encoding the pleiotropic regulator Spo0A was upregulated in the ΔsigB mutant cells during the infectious process.
IMPORTANCE Pathogenic bacteria often need to transition between different ecosystems, and their ability to cope with such variations is critical for their survival. Several Gram-positive species have developed an adaptive response mediated by the general stress response alternative sigma factor SigB. In order to understand the ecophysiological role of this regulator in Bacillus thuringiensis, an entomopathogenic bacterium widely used as a biopesticide, we sought to examine the fate of a ΔsigB mutant during its life cycle in the natural setting of an insect larva. This allowed us, in particular, to show that SigB was activated during infection and that it was required for the pathogenicity of B. thuringiensis via the oral route of infection.
Regulation of DNA Binding and High-Order Oligomerization of the DnaB Helicase Loader
Authors: Matthews Lindsay A. , Simmons Lyle A. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
DnaB is an essential primosomal protein that coloads the replicative helicase in many Gram-positive bacteria, including several human pathogens. Although DnaB is tetrameric in solution, it is from a protein family whose members can oligomerize into large complexes when exposed to DNA. It is currently unknown how DNA binding by DnaB is regulated or how these interactions induce changes in its oligomeric state. Here, we investigated DNA binding by DnaB from Bacillus subtilis and the critical human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. We found that B. subtilis DnaB binds double-stranded DNA as a tetramer; however, M13mp18 single-stranded DNA induces high-order oligomerization. Mutating a conserved motif at the C-terminal end of DnaB stimulates single-stranded DNA binding, suggesting that conformational changes in this region regulate DNA substrate preferences. S. aureus DnaB could also be induced to form high-order oligomers with either M13mp18 or PhiX174 single-stranded DNA. Therefore, oligomeric shifts in DnaB are tightly controlled and this activity is conserved between B. subtilis and a pathogenic species.
IMPORTANCE DnaB is a replicative helicase loader involved in initiating DNA replication in many bacterial species. We investigated the binding preferences of DnaB for its DNA substrate and determined that the C-terminal end of the protein plays a critical role in controlling DNA interactions. Furthermore, we found that DNA binding in general did not trigger changes to the oligomeric state of DnaB, but rather, certain types of single-stranded DNA substrates specifically induced DnaB to self-assemble into a large complex. This indicates that the structure of DNA itself is an important regulatory element that influences the behavior of DnaB. Importantly, these observations held for both Bacillus subtilis and the pathogenic species Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrating conserved biochemical functions of DnaB in these species.