bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overview of systematic reviews on strategies to improve treatment initiation, adherence to antiretroviral therapy and retention in care for people living with HIV: part 1
Authors: Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Hajizadeh Anisa , Wang Annie , Mertz Dominik , Lawson Daeria O , Smieja Marek , Benoit Anita C , Alvarez Elizabeth , Puchalski Ritchie Lisa , Rachlis Beth , Logie Carmen , Husbands Winston , Margolese Shari , Zani Babalwa , Thabane Lehana 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesWe sought to map the evidence and identify interventions that increase initiation of antiretroviral therapy, adherence to antiretroviral therapy and retention in care for people living with HIV at high risk for poor engagement in care.MethodsWe conducted an overview of systematic reviews and sought for evidence on vulnerable populations (men who have sex with men (MSM), African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) people, sex workers (SWs), people who inject drugs (PWID) and indigenous people). We searched PubMed, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library in November 2018. We screened, extracted data and assessed methodological quality in duplicate and present a narrative synthesis.ResultsWe identified 2420 records of which only 98 systematic reviews were eligible. Overall, 65/98 (66.3%) were at low risk of bias. Systematic reviews focused on ACB (66/98; 67.3%), MSM (32/98; 32.7%), PWID (6/98; 6.1%), SWs and prisoners (both 4/98; 4.1%). Interventions were: mixed (37/98; 37.8%), digital (22/98; 22.4%), behavioural or educational (9/98; 9.2%), peer or community based (8/98; 8.2%), health system (7/98; 7.1%), medication modification (6/98; 6.1%), economic (4/98; 4.1%), pharmacy based (3/98; 3.1%) or task-shifting (2/98; 2.0%). Most of the reviews concluded that the interventions effective (69/98; 70.4%), 17.3% (17/98) were neutral or were indeterminate 12.2% (12/98). Knowledge gaps were the types of participants included in primary studies (vulnerable populations not included), poor research quality of primary studies and poorly tailored interventions (not designed for vulnerable populations). Digital, mixed and peer/community-based interventions were reported to be effective across the continuum of care.ConclusionsInterventions along the care cascade are mostly focused on adherence and do not sufficiently address all vulnerable populations.
Health impacts and economic costs of residential fires (RESFIRES study): protocol for a population-based cohort study using linked administrative data
Authors: Harvey Lara A , Ghassempour Nargess , Whybro Mark , Tannous W Kathy 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionResidential fires remain a significant global public health problem. It is recognised that the reported number of residential fires, fire-related injuries and deaths significantly underestimate the true number. Australian surveys show that around two-thirds of respondents who experience a residential fire are unwilling to call the fire service, and international studies highlight that many individuals who access medical treatment for fire-related injuries do not have an associated fire incident report. The objectives of this study are to quantify the incidence, health impacts, risk factors and economic costs of residential fires in New South Wales (NSW), Australia.Methods and analysisThe RESFIRE cohort will include all persons living at an NSW residential address which experienced a fire over the period 2005–2014. Nine data sources will be linked to provide a comprehensive picture of individual trajectories from fire event to first responder use (fire and ambulance services), emergency department presentations, hospital admissions, burn out-patient clinic use and death. These data will be used to describe the circumstances and characteristics of residential fires, provide a profile of fire-related injuries, examine trends over time, and explore the relationship between fire circumstance, emergency and health services utilisation, and health outcomes. Regression modelling, including multilevel modelling techniques, will be used to explore factors that impact on these relationships. Costing models will be constructed.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study has been obtained from the NSW Population and Health Service Research Ethics Committee and Western Sydney University Human Research Ethics Committee. The study reference group comprises key stakeholders including Fire and Rescue NSW, policy agencies, health service providers and burns clinicians ensuring wide dissemination of results and translation of data to inform practice and identify areas for targeted prevention. Summary reports in formats designed for policy audiences in parallel with scientific papers will be produced.
Phase II study of concomitant radiotherapy with atezolizumab in oligometastatic soft tissue sarcomas: STEREOSARC trial protocol
Authors: le Guevelou Jennifer , Debaigt Colin , Saada-Bouzid Esma , Viotti Julien , Khalladi Nazim , Thibouw David , Penel Nicolas , Sunyach Marie Pierre , Moureau-Zabotto Laurence , Benchalal Mohamed , Veresezan Ovidiu , Ducassou Anne , le Pechoux Cecile , Jolnerovski Maria , Bazille Celine , Vaur Dominique , Escande Alexandre , Serre Raphael , Lovera Christine , Thariat Juliette 
Published: September 2020

IntroductionUp to 50% of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) patients develop metastases in the course of their disease. Cytotoxic therapy is a standard treatment in this setting but yields average tumour response rates of 25% at first line and ≤10% at later lines. In oligometastatic stage, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) allows reaching high control rates at treated sites (≥80%) and is potentially equally effective to surgery in term of overall survival. In order to shift the balance towards antitumour immunity by multisite irradiation, radiation could be combined with inhibitors of the immunosuppressive pathways.Methods and analysisSTEREOSARC is a prospective, multicentric, randomised phase II, designed to evaluate the efficacy of SBRT associated with immunotherapy versus SBRT only. Randomisation is performed with a 2:1 ratio within two arms. The primary objective is to evaluate the efficacy, in term of progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 6 months, of immunomodulated stereotactic multisite irradiation in oligometastatic sarcoma patients. The secondary objectives include PFS by immune response criteria, overall survival, quality-of-life evaluation and developing mathematical models of tumour growth and dissemination predictive of oligometastatic versus polymetastatic evolution. Patients will be randomised in two groups: SBRT with atezolizumab and SBRT alone. The total number of included patients should be 103.Trial registrationThe trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT03548428).Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by Comité de Protection des Personnes du sud-ouest et outre-mer 4 on 18 October 2019 (Reference CPP2019-09-076-PP) and from National Agency for Medical and Health products Safety (Reference: MEDAECNAT-2019-08-00004_2017-004239-35) on 18 September 2019.The results will be disseminated to patients upon individual request or through media release from scientific meetings. The results will be communicated through scientific meetings and publications.
New-onset paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction: increased risk of stroke
Authors: Lee Ji Hyun , Kim Sun-Hwa , Lee Wonjae , Cho Youngjin , Kang Si-Hyuck , Park Jin Joo , Oh IL-Young , Yoon Chang-Hwan , Suh Jung-Won , Cho Young-Seok , Youn Tae-Jin , Chae In-Ho , Choi Dong-Ju 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the long-term prognostic implications of transient new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingSingle tertiary centre.ParticipantsThis study included 2523 patients who presented with AMI from 3 June 2003 to 24 February 2015, after the exclusion of those with prior AF or in-hospital death.Outcome measuresPatients were divided into three groups according to the occurrence and type of new-onset AF: (1) sinus rhythm (SR) group; (2) paroxysmal AF (PaAF: AF converted to SR prior to discharge) group and (3) persistent AF (PeAF: AF persisted during the hospitalisation) group. Post-discharge all-cause mortality and stroke incidences were compared between the groups.ResultsNew-onset AF was observed in 271 patients (10.7%; PaAF: 230, PeAF: 41). The median follow-up period was 7.2 years (IQR: 5.2–9.4). The incidence of all-cause death and stroke was highest in the PeAF group, followed by the PaAF and SR groups (all-cause mortality: 48.8% vs 26.5% vs 14.7%, p<0.001; stroke 22.0% vs 8.3% vs 4.4%, p<0.001). In the multivariable analysis, PaAF and PeAF were associated with an increased risk of stroke (PaAF, HR: 1.972, 95% CI: 1.162–3.346; PeAF, HR: 5.160, CI: 2.242–11.873) compared with SR. The PaAF group showed a higher incidence of post-discharge AF than the SR group (29.1% vs 4.2%, p<0.001).ConclusionsNew-onset AF following AMI is associated with poor long-term outcomes. Even when AF episodes are brief and are converted to SR, new-onset AF remains associated with an increased risk of recurrent AF and stroke.
Inequalities in awareness and availability of bereavement services in North-East England
Authors: Wakefield Donna , Fleming Elizabeth , Howorth Kate , Waterfield Kerry , Kavanagh Emily , Billett Hannah C , Kiltie Rachel , Robinson Lucy , Rowley Grace , Brown Jolene , Woods Elizabeth , Dewhurst Felicity 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesNational guidance recommends equality in access to bereavement services; despite this, awareness and availability appears inconsistent. The aim of this study was to explore availability and accessibility of bereavement services across the North-East of England and to highlight issues potentially applicable across the UK, at a time of unprecedented need due to the impact of COVID-19.MethodsPhase 1: an eight item, web-based survey was produced. A survey link was cascaded to all GP practices (General Practitioners) in the region. Phase 2: an email was sent to all services identified in phase 1, requesting details such as referral criteria and waiting times.ResultsAll 392 GP practices in the region were invited to participate. The response rate was 22% (85/392). Twenty-one per cent (18/85) of respondents reported that they do not refer patients, comments included ‘not aware of any services locally’. A total of 36 services were contacted with 72% responding with further information. Most bereavement specific support was reliant on charity-funded services including hospices, this sometimes required a pre-existing link with the hospice. Waiting times were up to 4 months.ConclusionsAlthough multiple different, usually charity-funded services were identified, awareness and accessibility were variable. This survey was conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, where complex situations surrounding death is likely to impact on the usual grieving process and increase the need for bereavement support. Meanwhile, charities providing this support are under severe financial strain. There is an urgent need to bridge the gap between need and access to bereavement services.
Ethnic-specific BRCA1/2 variation within Asia population: evidence from over 78 000 cancer and 40 000 non-cancer cases of Indian, Chinese, Korean and Japanese populations
Authors: Bhaskaran Shanmuga Priya , Huang Teng , Rajendran Barani Kumar , Guo Maoni , Luo Jiangtao , Qin Zixin , Zhao Bojin , Chian Jiasheng , Li Suicheng , Wang San Ming 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundGermline mutation in BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA) is genetic predisposition for breast and ovarian cancer. Identification of mutation carriers is a critical step to prevent and treat the cancer in the mutation carriers. Human BRCA variation has been well determined as ethnic-specific by studies in Ashkenazi Jewish, Polish and Icelandic populations in the 1990s. However, sufficient evidence is lacking to determine if ethnic-specific BRCA variation is also present in Asia population, which is the largest and the most diversified in modern humans. Our current study aims to investigate ethnic-specific BRCA variation in Asian population.MethodsWe performed a comprehensive data mining to collect BRCA variation data in Indian, Chinese, Korean and Japanese populations derived from over 78 000 cancer and 40 000 non-cancer cases. We standardised all BRCA variation data following the international standard. We made a systematic comparison between the datasets including variant composition, variation spectrum, variant type, clinical class, founder mutation and high-frequent variants.ResultsOur analysis showed that over half of the Asian BRCA variants were Asian-specific, and significant differences were present between the four Asia populations in each category analysed.ConclusionData from our study reveal that ethnic-specific BRCA variation is commonly present in Asia population as existing in non-Asian populations. Our study indicates that ethnicity should be an important factor to consider in prevention and treatment of BRCA mutation-related cancer in the Asia population. We recommend that the current BRCA variation databases should include ethnic variation information in order to function as true global BRCA references.
Occupational radiation and haematopoietic malignancy mortality in the retrospective cohort study of US radiologic technologists, 1983–2012
Authors: Linet Martha S , Little Mark P , Kitahara Cari M , Cahoon Elizabeth K , Doody Michele M , Simon Steven L , Alexander Bruce H , Preston Dale L 
Published: September 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate cumulative occupational radiation dose response and haematopoietic malignancy mortality risks in the US radiologic technologist cohort.MethodsAmong 110 297 radiologic technologists (83 655 women, 26 642 men) who completed a baseline questionnaire sometime during 1983–1998, a retrospective cohort study was undertaken to assess cumulative, low-to-moderate occupational radiation dose and haematopoietic malignancy mortality risks during 1983–2012. Cumulative bone marrow dose (mean 8.5 mGy, range 0–430 mGy) was estimated based on 921 134 badge monitoring measurements during 1960–1997, work histories and historical data; 35.4% of estimated doses were based on badge measurements. Poisson regression was used to estimate excess relative risk of haematopoietic cancers per 100 milligray (ERR/100 mGy) bone-marrow absorbed dose, adjusting for attained age, sex and birth year.ResultsDeaths from baseline questionnaire completion through 2012 included 133 myeloid neoplasms, 381 lymphoid neoplasms and 155 leukaemias excluding chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Based on a linear dose-response, no significant ERR/100 mGy occurred for acute myeloid leukaemia (ERR=0.0002, 95% CI <−0.02 to 0.24, p-trend>0.5, 85 cases) or leukaemia excluding CLL (ERR=0.05, 95% CI <−0.09 to 0.24, p-trend=0.21, 155 cases). No significant dose-response trends were observed overall for CLL (ERR<−0.023, 95% CI <−0.025 to 0.18, p-trend=0.45, 32 cases), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (ERR=0.03, 95% CI <−0.2 to 0.18, p-trend=0.4, 201 cases) or multiple myeloma (ERR=0.003, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.16, p-trend>0.5, 112 cases). Findings did not differ significantly by demographic factors, smoking or specific radiological procedures performed.ConclusionAfter follow-up averaging 22 years, there was little evidence of a relationship between occupational radiation exposure and myeloid or lymphoid haematopoietic neoplasms.
Impact of three annual tobacco tax rises on tobacco sales in remote Australian Aboriginal community stores
Authors: Thomas David P , McMahon Emma , Wang Zhiqiang , Scollo Michelle M , Durkin Sarah J 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThere is strong evidence from many settings that tobacco tax rises which increase prices reduce tobacco consumption, but only limited evidence from Indigenous settings.MethodsWe analysed 3 years (2016–2018) of weekly sales data from 32 stores in remote Aboriginal communities. We used interrupted time series analysis to estimate the immediate impact of the price rice following annual 12.5% tobacco tax rises on sales on (A) stick equivalents of tobacco and (B) fruit and vegetables (kg) per $A1000 of grocery sales, and on the trend in sales between price rises.ResultsWe detected 5.8% and 8.2% immediate declines in tobacco sales following the price rises associated with annual 12.5% tax rises in 2016 and 2018, and a non-significant decline (1.6%) following the 2017 tax rise. Decreased sales were mainly driven by declines in mainstream and premium factory-made cigarettes. Fruit and vegetable sales did not change at the time of tobacco price rises.ConclusionFor the first time, we demonstrated evidence of price-sensitivity and the immediate impact of price rises from tobacco tax rises on tobacco sales in remote Aboriginal communities. We acknowledge that Australia already has very high tobacco taxation and prices, but recommend further increases to the taxation of roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco to prevent smokers and industry using cheaper RYO cigarettes to undermine this impact of high tobacco taxes and prices.
Attitudes of Bavarian bovine veterinarians towards pain and pain management in cattle
Authors: Tschoner Theresa , Sauter‐Louis Carola , Peinhofer Verena , Feist Melanie 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundPain recognition in cattle is difficult, but the control and treatment of pain are essential for animal welfare. Pain evaluation depends on the observer's experience and opinion, resulting in different approaches towards pain and the use of analgesics.MethodsA questionnaire to assess the attitudes of veterinarians towards pain and pain management in cattle was sent to 1097 bovine practitioners in Bavaria. Out of 287 returned questionnaires, 274 could be analysed.ResultsClaw amputation, extirpation of the eye bulb and caesarean section were considered to be the most painful procedures in adult cattle, and castration, umbilical surgery and laparotomy in calves. Orthopaedic diseases like bone fractures or arthritis were estimated to be the most painful conditions in both cattle and calves, and ileus and meningitis in calves. Female veterinarians scored pain higher than their male colleagues. Even though 75.5 per cent of veterinarians stated that they used analgesics adequately, pain management during surgery was low, especially for castration and dehorning in calves.ConclusionBavarian bovine veterinarians differ in their opinions about pain in cattle and the results of this study indicate that there a mismatch between their use of analgesics and the pain scores they awarded.
Geo-societal sense-making
Authors: Bohle Martin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
At present, only geoscientists utilize geoethics. However, geoethics may have broader, societal use. To illustrate this option, one combines theoretical insights that stem from complex–adaptive dynamics, social–ecological systems, semiotic–cultural psychology and geoethics. The following qualitative framework appears. The human niche is a network of complex–adaptive social–ecological systems, which humans conceive and build to sustain themselves. Human sense-making and practices are intrinsic and non-separable parts of the human niche. The feedback of human sense-making and human practices is iterative. The resulting feedback loop is pivotal for the dynamics of social–ecological systems. Geosciences facilitate the understanding of the dynamics of social–ecological systems. Geoethics supports the sense-making of human agents, such as, currently, geoscientists acting in a professional capacity. However, geoethics is not geoscience-specific when promoting to act actor-centric, virtue-ethics-focused, responsibility-focused and knowledge-based. Therefore, geoethics may shape societal practices beyond professional geosciences. By delivering analytical insights as well as resources for affective sense-making, geoethics may enable citizens to mitigate the challenges to their sense-making that complex–adaptive social–ecological systems may pose. Hence, geoethics may offer cultural references (analytical and affective) when human agents (individual, collective and institutional) are facing the complex–adaptive (wicked) features of the human niche, such as anthropogenic pressure or participatory governance.
MadMax
Authors: Grech Neville , Kong Michael , Jurisevic Anton , Brent Lexi , Scholz Bernhard , Smaragdakis Yannis 
Published: September 2020

Ethereum is a distributed blockchain platform, serving as an ecosystem for smart contracts: full-fledged intercommunicating programs that capture the transaction logic of an account. A gas limit caps the execution of an Ethereum smart contract: instructions, when executed, consume gas, and the execution proceeds as long as gas is available.
Gas-focused vulnerabilities permit an attacker to force key contract functionality to run out of gas---effectively performing a permanent denial-of-service attack on the contract. Such vulnerabilities are among the hardest for programmers to protect against, as out-of-gas behavior may be uncommon in nonattack scenarios and reasoning about these vulnerabilities is nontrivial.
In this paper, we identify gas-focused vulnerabilities and present MadMax: a static program analysis technique that automatically detects gas-focused vulnerabilities with very high confidence. MadMax combines a smart contract decompiler and semantic queries in Datalog. Our approach captures high-level program modeling concepts (such as "dynamic data structure storage" and "safely resumable loops") and delivers high precision and scalability. MadMax analyzes the entirety of smart contracts in the Ethereum blockchain in just 10 hours and flags vulnerabilities in contracts with a monetary value in billions of dollars. Manual inspection of a sample of flagged contracts shows that 81% of the sampled warnings do indeed lead to vulnerabilities.