bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation on the characteristics of transient electromagnetic radiation during the dynamic fracturing progress of gas-bearing coal
Authors: Xu Xiaomeng , Wang Qiang , Liu Hui , Zhao Wenwen , Zhang Yihuai , Wang Chen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThere are extensive studies on electromagnetic radiation (EMR) effects during coal and rock deformation and fracturing processes, but few systematic studies on the EMR features of gas-bearing coal under impact failure circumstances. In order to investigate whether the EMR is affected by the gas (CO2,CH4,N2) sorption, coal type and impact energy, we performed a series of impact loading tests on both briquette coal specimens (BCSs) and raw coal specimens (RCSs) at various pore pressures (0–1.5 MPa). We developed a drop hammer test apparatus to allow impact loading tests on gas-bearing coal, and recorded the EMR signal of the damage of coal simultaneously. The result showed that (i) the amplitude range of the EMR signal generated by the impact damage of the gas-bearing coal is approximately 10–600 mV, with an effective duration time of 3–1500 ms and accumulated energy of 0.1–1000 μJ; (ii) when pore pressure is increased, the maximum amplitude, duration and pulse counts of the EMR decrease accordingly; (iii) the coal powder size and impact energy affect damage features and EMR characteristics, where a higher impact impulse causes more severe damage to coal specimens and (iv) the influence of the presence of adsorptive gas on the EMR signal caused by the destruction of coal bodies has both enhancement and reduction effects. During the early warning assessment of coal and gas outbursts using EMR parameters, not all the waveform parameters are sensitive to coal mine methane, but the significant effect of methane on signal volatility should be considered.
Estimating Carbon Stock of Live Trees Located on the Main Campus of the University of Georgia
Authors: Fox William , Dwivedi Puneet , Lowe Roger C , Welch Sarah , Fuller Madisen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe developed a case study for estimating carbon stock (stored and annually sequestered) in aboveground and belowground portions of all the live trees located on the main campus of the University of Georgia. We recorded species, diameter at breast height, and height of trees located between East Broad Street and Carlton Street (north–south direction) and East Campus Road and Lumpkin Street (east–west direction) covering an area of 94.1 hectares. We used i-Tree Eco V6 for estimating carbon stock. There are 6,915 trees in the study area, out of which 73.0 percent (5,049 trees), 32.3 percent (2,236 trees), and 0.7 percent (50 trees) are native, understory, and invasive, respectively. The total carbon stored in trees is 3,450.4 t (SD = 65), and the annual sequestration rate is about 65 t. The University of Georgia should adopt a multifaceted approach for offsetting or reducing the overall carbon emissions, as annual sequestered carbon in measured trees is only 0.11 percent of the total carbon emitted by the university in 2018. This study highlights the role of trees in meeting the carbon reduction challenges faced by colleges and universities across the United States and beyond, and contextualizes the role of green spaces in general, and trees, in particular toward the ongoing movement of sustainable universities and campuses worldwide.Study Implications: Across the United States and beyond, universities and colleges are actively exploring ways to reduce their overall environmental footprint for achieving sustainable development goals. Trees located on the campuses of universities and colleges provide various ecosystem services, including carbon storage and annual sequestration. We advise that universities and colleges should explore other options to reduce or offset their annual carbon emissions, as the quantity of carbon annually sequestered in trees located on the main campuses could be small relative to their overall annual carbon emissions.
Minimum variance estimation of galaxy power spectrum in redshift space
Authors: Shiraishi Maresuke , Okumura Teppei , Sugiyama Naonori S , Akitsu Kazuyuki 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT
We study an efficient way to enhance the measurability of the galaxy density and/or velocity power spectrum in redshift space. It is based on the angular decomposition with the tripolar spherical harmonic (TripoSH) basis and applicable even to galaxy distributions in wide-angle galaxy surveys. While non-trivial multipole-mode mixings are inevitable in the covariance of the Legendre decomposition coefficient commonly used in the small-angle power spectrum analysis, our analytical computation of the covariance of the TripoSH decomposition coefficient shows that such mixings are absent by virtue of high separability of the TripoSH basis, yielding the minimum variance. Via the simple signal-to-noise ratio assessment, we confirm that the detectability improvement by the TripoSH decomposition approach becomes more significant at higher multipole modes, and the hexadecapole of the density power spectrum has two orders of magnitude improvement. The TripoSH decomposition approach is expected to be applied to not only currently available survey data but also forthcoming wide-angle data, and to bring about something new or much more accurate cosmological information.
Stochomys longicaudatus (Rodentia: Muridae)
Authors: Uebbing Severin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStochomys longicaudatus (Tullberg, 1893) is a monotypic African murid rodent called the target rat because long bristle-like hairs in its fur resemble arrows stuck into a target, giving it a unique appearance. Although occurring in comparatively low densities, it is widely spread throughout the lowland rainforests of equatorial western and central Africa. Inhabiting dense understory vegetation, it is a secretive and perhaps nomadic species and little is known about its behavior. S. longicaudatus is herbivorous, climbs well and often, and builds nests from shredded grass. The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources classifies it as a species of “Least Concern.”
MEDU-26. LATENT SOX9-POSITIVE CELLS RESPONSIBLE FOR MYC-DRIVEN MEDULLOBLASTOMA RECURRENCE
Authors: Bolin Sara , Savov Vasil , Borgenvik Anna , Rosen Gabriela , Garancher Alexandra , Rahmanto Aldwin Suryo , Hutter Sonja , Mainwaring Oliver , Olausson Karl Holmberg , Rusert Jessica , Sundstrom Anders , Richardson Stacey , Fotaki Grammatiki , Hill Rebecca , Dubuc Adrian , Kalushkova Antonia , Remke Marc , Cancer Matko , Jernberg-Wiklund Helena , Ramaswamy Vijay , Taylor Michael , Sangfelt Olle , Clifford Steven , Schuller Ulrich , Wechsler-Reya Robert , Weishaupt Holger , Swartling Fredrik 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Tumor recurrence is the leading cause of death among children with medulloblastoma, the most common type of malignant pediatric brain tumors. The mechanisms behind medulloblastoma recurrence are not fully understood. We previously showed that the transcription factor SOX9 promotes cisplatin treatment resistance in medulloblastoma. Here we show that SOX9 levels correlate with poor prognosis in Group 3 tumors. By studying paired primary-recurrent medulloblastoma samples and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models we further identified rare SOX9-positive slow-cycling, therapy-resistant tumor cells that accumulate in relapses and in leptomenigeal metastases of Group 3 and Group 4 patients. By using an inducible Tet-OFF transgenic (GTML) mouse model for malignant MYCN-driven Group 3 tumors we identified rare SOX9-positive, quiescent brain tumor cells that are more resistant to cisplatin. Dox treatment normally cures GTML transgenic animals that developed aggressive medulloblastoma by turning MYCN off. However, when crossing the Tet-OFF GTML model with a Tet-ON rtTA-Sox9 model we can redirect MYCN expression to the Sox9 promoter ultimately driving brain tumor recurrence from rare SOX9-positive cells with 100% penetrance. In this novel animal model, recurrent tumors were actively disseminating from the hindbrain to the spinal cord and into the forebrain similar to distant relapses found in patients. By overexpressing SOX9 in human Group 3 tumor cells, MYC was directly inhibited and cell proliferation was decreased. PDX models of Group 3 tumors further showed increased levels of SOX9-positivity and less proliferative cells in metastatic compartments. Expression profiling revealed that recurrences were more inflammatory, metastatic, immune evasive and showed elevated MGMT methyltransferase levels which depleted recurrent cells and sensitized them for chemotherapy when using the MGMT inhibitor lomeguatrib. To summarize, our data clarify important and complex mechanisms by which latent medulloblastoma cells fail to respond to standard therapy and generate relapses.
2654. Myocarditis in Dengue: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Soneja Manish , Bhatt Manasvini , Farooqui Faraz A , Vikram Naval K , Biswas Ashutosh , Roy Ambuj , Wig Naveet 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Cardiac involvement in dengue fever is underdiagnosed due to low index of suspicion and overlapping clinical manifestations of capillary leak associated with dengue. The frequency of subclinical dengue myocarditis and its relative contribution to the hemodynamic instability in severe dengue needs to be explored. We studied the prevalence of myocarditis and clinical outcomes among admitted patients with dengue.

Methods
A prospective observational study was carried out in admitted patients with age between 18 and 65 years having confirmed dengue (NS1/IgM ELISA). Patients with electrolyte abnormalities or on medications affecting heat rhythm/ rate, pre-existing heart disease were excluded. The baseline demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters were collected. A baseline ECG was done and repeated every second day. Trop-I and NT-proBNP were done at baseline and repeated only if elevated at baseline or there were ECG changes. The cardiac enzymes were measured using enzyme-linked ﬂuorescent assay (VIDAS, bioMérieux, France). Patients with elevated enzymes underwent 2-dimensional echocardiography. Diagnosis of myocarditis was as per ESC 2013 criteria. Fluid management was as per WHO guidelines (2009).

Results
A total of 183 patients were recruited with median age of 29 years (IQR 21, 37) and 31% were females. Dengue with warning signs was present in 80 (44%) and severe dengue in 45 (25%) patients. Cardiac enzymes were elevated in 27 (15%) patients (cTnI in 25, NT-proBNP in 22). Among these 27 patients, 11 [6% (2.6–9.4, 95% CI)] had echo evidence and diagnosed as having myocarditis according to ESC 2013 criteria (Figure 1). Clinical features of fluid overload were more common in myocarditis group [8 (73%) vs 4 (2%), P = Overall, 5 (2.7%) patients expired, all of them had myocarditis (5/11 = 45%). These patients had severe dengue, 2 patients developed hospital-acquired pneumonia and 1 had malaria co-infection. Among patients with raised enzymes and normal echo (n = 16), 3 patients developed clinical signs of fluid overload compared with only 1 out of 156 patients without raised enzymes (P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusion
Myocarditis in admitted patients with dengue is not uncommon [6% (2.6–9.4, 95% CI)] and may lead to a complicated disease course.

Disclosures
All authors: No reported disclosures.
2802. Occupational Exposure to the Ugandan Strain of Zika Virus in a Laboratory Worker in the United States: Clinical Presentation, Viral Persistence, and Antibody Response
Authors: Lichtenberger Paola , Ricciardi Mike , Solorzano Dalhila , Raccamarich Patricia , Leda Ana R , Sharkey Mark , Walkins David , Mulligan Mark , Doblecki-Lewis Susanne , Stevenson Mario , Alcaide Maria L 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
A laboratory worker suffered an accidental needle stick resulting in infection with the Ugandan strain (MR766) of Zika virus (ZIKV), a strain that has rarely been studied in humans. We report the clinical presentation and outcomes, molecular and serological diagnostic results, and immunological response. A 34-year-old Brazilian-born female laboratory researcher, presented with malaise, skin rash, myalgia and joint pain 10 days after an accidental needle stick while inoculating a mouse with ZIKV-MR766. On physical examination she had bilateral maculopapular rash on the cheeks, and tender effusions at the metacarpal and proximal interphalangeal joints and ankles. Symptoms and signs resolved within 3 weeks. ZIKV infection was confirmed by Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (Lab Corp®) in urine. Serological testing using the ZIKV IgM ELISA test from Lab Corp®, and a confirmatory plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) in accordance with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), results were negative.

Methods
Whole blood, plasma, urine, saliva, and a vaginal swab were collected from day (D) 14 post exposure (PE) to D104 PE. A novel, antibody competition-based ZIKV diagnostic test (highly specific for ZIKV antibodies) was performed in serum, and detection of ZIKV-MR766 genomic RNA was performed in all body fluids longitudinally.

Results
Antibody response revealed broad IgM response to both ZIKV-Paraiba (strain from the 2015 outbreak) and ZIKV-MR766 during the acute phase of the infection, suggesting cross-reactivity. There was no cross-reactivity against dengue or yellow fever viruses. An IgG response was detected against both ZIKV strains and increased until D104 PE. ZIKV RNA was detected in whole blood, saliva, urine, and the vaginal swab at D14 PE. At D20 PE, virus was only detectable in whole blood at a value of less than 37 copies per mL. At D23 PE, there was no detectable virus. (figure).

Conclusion
This case highlights the potential for ZIKV occupational exposure. Findings may be useful for the development of diagnostic tests against ZIKV as we were able to accurately determine time of exposure, presence of virus in body fluids, development of symptoms, and antibody responses after a well-documented infection.

Disclosures
All authors: No reported disclosures.
647. Diagnoses Associated with Temperature ≥104°F in Adults
Authors: Chi Sharon , Simon Gary , Weintrob Amy 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Temperature ≥104°F (T ≥ 104) is uncommon in adults. The diagnoses and clinical characteristics were reviewed for patients with T ≥ 104.

Methods
Infectious disease physicians reviewed charts of patients with T ≥ 104 seen at the Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center from 2009 to 2018. The following was collected: demographics, past medical history, medications, WBC, maximum temperature, time to defervescence, etiology of T ≥ 104, and death.

Results
Less than 0.01% of all patient encounters were associated with T ≥ 104. Of the 60 most recent patients with T ≥ 104 (from 2014 to 2018), the median age was 63.5 years (range 23–97), 65% were African American, 88% were male. 82% of those with T ≥ 104 were hospitalized; 76% of those had the T ≥ 104 on or within 72 hours of admission. 25% of the 60 patients had underlying cancer, 10% HIV, 30% DM, 13% CKD, and 13% were on steroids/immunosuppressants/biologics. The median peak temperature was 104.3°F (interquartile range 104.0 – 104.7); maximum was 106.8°F. 82% had T ≥ 104 for only 1 day and the median time to defervescence was 2 days. There were 55 diagnoses amongst 48 patients; 12 had no identifiable etiology of T ≥ 104. Of the identifiable diagnoses, there were 45 (81.8%) infections, 4 (7.3%) metastatic malignancies (1 Hodgkin’s lymphoma, 1 small cell carcinoma, 1 squamous cell carcinoma, 1 unknown primary), 2 (3.6%) intracranial bleeds, 2 (3.6%) GI bleeds, 1 (1.8%) mixed collagen vascular disease, and 1 (1.8%) neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The most common infections were 15 cases of pneumonia including 2 Legionella, 8 complicated UTI/pyelonephritis, 3 primary bacteremia, 2 West Nile virus, 2 influenza, and 2 cholangitis with bacteremia. The median WBC of infectious diagnoses (9.8) was significantly higher than noninfectious diagnoses (5.8, P = 0.006, T-test). Of the 60 patients, 20% died within 30 days of T ≥ 104 including 2 patients who died of sepsis. 67% of those who died were receiving hospice care.

Conclusion
T ≥ 104 is rare in adults and is usually associated with bacterial infections such as pneumonia (including Legionella), complicated UTIs/pyelonephritis, and primary bacteremia but may also be seen with viral infections such as West Nile virus and influenza. Mortality is high.

Disclosures
All authors: No reported disclosures.
738. Potent In Vitro activity of Rezafungin (RZF) Against Aspergillus Clinical Isolates Recovered From Lung Transplant Patients Who Have Received ≥3 Months of Triazole Prophylaxis
Authors: Driscoll Eileen , Clancy Cornelius J , Nguyen Minh-Hong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
Emergence of azole resistance globally among Aspergillus species has major one health implications for humans and agriculture. At our center, isavuconazole (ISA), posaconazole (POS) and voriconazole (VOR) have been used as antifungal prophylaxis for at least 3 months or as pre-emptive therapy in solid-organ transplant (SOT) patients. We previously showed that azole breakthrough (BT) fungi were more likely to be non-fumigatus Aspergillus (non-Af) spp. In addition, azole BT isolates exhibited higher azole MICs than non-BT isolates, with 7% pan-azole resistance. RZF is an investigational echinocandin with long serum half-life, suitable for prolonged dosing intervals. We determined caspofungin (CAS) and RZF minimum effective concentrations (MECs) against Aspergillus isolates from our center.

Methods
Aspergillus recovered from 111 patients between December 2016 and April 2018 were tested. MICs (minimum inhibitory concentrations; azoles) and MECs (echinocandins) were measured. Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 and Candida krusei ATCC 6258 were used as QC controls.

Results
71% (79) of isolates were from SOT patients. Aspergillus spp. were A. fumigatus (Af, 73), A. flavus (Afl, 12), A. niger (An, 9), A. terreus (At, 8), A. calidoustus (Ac, 7), and A. lentulus (Al), A. glaucus, A. thermomutatus, and A. thermomutatus (At; 1 each). 7% of Aspergillus isolates exhibited VOR, POS and ISA MICs ≥2, ≥8 and ≥1 µg/mL, respectively. RZF MEC50 and range of MEC by Aspergillus spp.are summarized in the Table. Overall, there was no difference in MECs between CAS and RZF (P = 0.21). 6% (7) and 7% (8) of the non-Af isolates exhibited CAS and RZF MECs &gt;0.5 µg/mL, respectively. 5 isolates exhibited CAS and RZF MEC ≥16 µg/mL.

Conclusion
Despite concerns over azole resistance among Aspergillus, these agents remain frontline against invasive aspergillosis. The excellent activity of RZF and CAS shown here suggests that the drugs are potential therapeutic options for patients infected with azole BT Aspergillus, including azole-resistant isolates. The long-half-life and high tolerability of RZF make this agent an attractive consideration for antifungal prophylaxis. A clinical trial of RZF prophylaxis in stem cell transplant recipients is planned.

Disclosures
All authors: No reported disclosures.
Multistage Hybrid Approach to Management of Significant Sagittal Malalignment: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Godzik Jakub , Hartman Cory , Wewel Joshua T , Walker Corey T , Xu David S , Uribe Juan S 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approaches for the correction of adult spinal deformity have gained popularity in the past decade. MIS approaches can result in decreased hospitalization times and decreased morbidity. However, compared to open techniques, MIS approaches are challenging in the setting of fixed sagittal deformity and strategic surgical staging. Combined MIS and miniopen techniques are described as “hybrid” techniques. We report on the surgical approach for a fixed sagittal deformity using both MIS and miniopen techniques, specifically a miniopen pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) and an anterior column release (ACR). The patient gave written informed consent for surgical treatment; institutional review board approval was not required. The patient first underwent the placement of percutaneous modular pedicle screws from T12 to the pelvis as well as a mini-PSO across the previously fused L5 vertebral body, with the placement of a temporary rod. The following day, the patient underwent lateral transpsoas interbody fusion and ACR at L2/3; a percutaneous rod was then passed from T12 to the pelvis for segmental fixation. The patient recovered well and was discharged home without complication 6 d after the initial day of surgery. The combined use of surgical staging and traditional open techniques in a selective, minimalistic fashion and adherence to minimally invasive principles provide for a powerful set of surgical techniques that capitalize on less invasive approaches to deformity management. Used with permission from Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona.
Operative Nuances of Blind Catheterization of Occluded Sinuses Using Negative Road Map Technique: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Brunozzi Denise , Alaraj Ali 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) are often treated with endovascular transvenous embolization. DAVFs though, are often associated with intracranial venous sinus occlusion, which limits the transvenous route.
Here, we present the operative nuances of blind catheterization of an occluded dural venous sinus in 2 different cases with DAVF. First case is a 72-yr-old patient with indirect right carotid-cavernous fistula associated with an occluded inferior petrosal sinus, with severe orbital congestion. Second patient is a 79-yr-old patient with a new external carotid to a trapped transverse sinus fistula (Cognard IIA + B), extensive cortical venous reflux in the setting of an occluded sigmoid sinus. In both cases, the transarterial route was limited because of small arterial feeders thus, after obtaining patients’ consent, we performed transvenous sacrifice of the isolated sinus. In both cases, the occluded sinus was transvenously blindly retrograde probed using a 0.035 inch Terumo Glidewire (Terumo Medical Corporation, Somerset, New Jersey). Once the occluded segment was probed, a dark roadmap was acquired with the wire in place. This created a negative roadmap once the guidewire is removed. This negative roadmap is used to navigate the microcatheter-microwire into the isolated sinus. In the first case, the cavernous sinus and the superior ophthalmic veins were sacrificed with coils. In the second patient, the entrapped left transverse sinus was embolized using Onyx. In both cases, complete occlusion of the fistula was attained.
In this neuroendovascular video, we demonstrate the nuances of blind catheterization of an occluded sinus using a negative roadmap technique as guidance for the micro-catheterization.
Institutional Review Board approved. Patient consent not required due to retrospective nature of manuscript, based on medical chart and imaging reviews, anonymized in the video.