bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Final report of a prospective randomized study on thoracic radiotherapy target volume for limited‐stage small cell lung cancer with radiation dosimetric analyses
Authors: Hu Xiao , Bao Yong , Xu Yu‐jin , Zhu Hui‐neng , Liu Jin‐shi , Zhang Li , Guo Ying , Jin Ying , Wang Jin , Ma Hong‐lian , Xu Xiao‐ling , Song Zheng‐bo , Tang Hua‐rong , Peng Fang , Fang Min , Kong Yue , Chen Meng‐yuan , Dong Bai‐qiang , Zhu Liang , Yu Chang , Yu Xin‐min , Hong Wei , Fan Yun , Zhang Yi‐ping , Chen Peng‐cheng , Zhao Qiang , Jiang You‐hua , Zhou Xin‐ming , Chen Qi‐xun , Sun Wen‐yong , Mao Wei‐min , Chen Ming 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThe thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) target volume for limited‐stage small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) has been controversial for decades. In this report, the final results of a prospective randomized trial on the TRT target volume before and after induction chemotherapy are presented.MethodsAfter 2 cycles of etoposide and cisplatin, patients arm were randomized to receive TRT to the postchemotherapy or prechemotherapy tumor volume in a study arm and a control arm. Involved‐field radiotherapy was received in both arms. TRT consisted of 1.5 grays (Gy) twice daily in 30 fractions to up to a total dose of 45 Gy. Lymph node regions were contoured, and intentional and incidental radiation doses were recorded.ResultsThe study was halted early because of slow accrual. Between 2002 and 2017, 159 and 150 patients were randomized to the study arm or the control arm, respectively; and 21.4% and 19.1% of patients, respectively, were staged using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (P = .31). With a median follow‐up of 54.1 months (range, 19.9‐165.0 months) in survivors, the 3‐year local/regional progression‐free probability was 58.2% and 65.5% in the study and control arms, respectively (P = .44), and the absolute difference was −7.3% (95% CI, −18.2%, 3.7%). In the study and control arms, the median overall survival was 21.9 months and 26.6 months, respectively, and the 5‐year overall survival rate was 22.8% and 28.1%, respectively (P = .26). Grade 3 esophagitis was observed in 5.9% of patients in the study arm versus 15.5% of those in the control arm (P = .01). The isolated out‐of‐field failure rate was 2.6% in the study arm versus 4.1% in the control arm (P = .46), and all such failures were located in the supraclavicular fossa or contralateral hilum. The regions 7, 3P, 4L, 6, 4R, 5, and 2L received incidental radiation doses >30 Gy.ConclusionsTRT could be limited to the postchemotherapy tumor volume, and involved‐field radiotherapy could be routinely applied for limited‐stage SCLC.
Synthesis and Application of an Activity‐Based Peptide‐Peptoid Hybrid Probe for the Immunoproteasome
Authors: Zerfas Breanna L. , Trader Darci J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe immunoproteasome (iCP), a specific isoform of the proteasome's catalytic particle, is becoming an important protein complex of interest in various diseases. However, there is still much left to be learned about its activity in cells and how this can be altered by various endogenous conditions or with treatment with small molecules. Current strategies to investigate the iCP lack in their ability to be used in live, intact cells, limiting them to use in endpoint experiments. The iCP‐selective probe presented here has been shown to be compatible with various live‐cell assays, including monitoring iCP activity kinetically in a plate reader–based assay and observing single cells with confocal microscopy. A well‐studied iCP‐selective inhibitor, ONX‐0914, has also been demonstrated to decrease the fluorescence signal of the iCP probe in both of these assays, showing its potential function in investigating small‐molecule modulators of the iCP. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of an immunoproteasome‐selective peptide‐peptoid hybrid probeBasic Protocol 2: Expression of the immunoproteasome in A549 cellsBasic Protocol 3: Using the immunoproteasome probe to monitor activity in live cells with a fluorescence plate readerBasic Protocol 4: Using the immunoproteasome probe to monitor activity in live cells with confocal microscopy
Protonated Poly(ethylene imine)‐Coated Silica Nanoparticles for Promoting Hydrogen Generation from the Hydrolysis of Sodium Borohydride
Authors: Yang Lijing , Huang Xiaoshan , Zhang Jiapeng , Dong Hua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNonmetal catalysts are attracting a great deal of attention because of their advantages including high activity, low cost, and environmental friendliness. In this work, a nonmetal catalyst for NaBH4 hydrolysis was fabricated through covalent modification of silica nanoparticles with protonated poly(ethylene imine). The successful formation of the catalyst was verified by transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The fabricated catalyst shows excellent activity in catalyzing NaBH4 hydrolysis reactions. The hydrolysis of 15 mg NaBH4 catalyzed by 50 mg catalyst could provide a hydrogen generation rate as high as 117.53 mL min−1
at 20 °C. Although the catalytic activity decreased after use, it could be restored easily by regenerating in acetic acid solution.
Adherence and barriers in e‐health self‐control training for enhancing childhood multidisciplinary obesity treatment
Authors: Naets Tiffany , Vervoort Leentje , Tanghe Ann , Braet Caroline 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTraining self‐control as the assumed underlying mechanism for weight loss is a promising pathway for improving long‐term outcomes of childhood multidisciplinary obesity treatment (MOT). The present study is the first to analyse adherence to e‐health self‐control training in paediatric obesity. We hypothesized that low adherence would relate to child characteristics and to contextual treatment barriers. Participants were recruited as a part of a larger randomized controlled trial, evaluating an e‐health self‐control training during inpatient MOT (intensive phase) and its outpatient aftercare (booster phase). A number of 68 youngsters with severe obesity between 11 to 19 years old were included in the present study. Excellent adherence was observed in the intensive phase during inpatient MOT, but rates decreased in the booster phase. As predicted, the low adherence group had a significantly higher weight status throughout the entire study period. Differences in contextual treatment barriers did not appear. Further in‐depth analysis showed that the low adherence group frequently experienced practical obstacles. The end of inpatient MOT and high weight status can be considered important risk factors for low adherence in an additional self‐control training aimed at facilitating weight loss.
Are shame and self‐criticism the path to the pervasive effect of social stress reactivity on social functioning in psychosis?
Authors: Martins Maria João , Macedo António , Carvalho Célia Barreto , Pereira Ana Telma , Castilho Paula 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIt is widely known that stress reactivity and social functioning impairment are important difficulties in people with psychosis. However, the specific impact of stress reactivity on social functioning and its underlying mechanisms are still less explored. Social rank variables, such as shame and self‐criticism, have been pointed out as relevant in the development, maintenance of several types of psychosocial suffering and, specifically, in psychotic disorders. This study's aim was to explore the associations between external shame, self‐criticism, social stress reactivity, and social functioning difficulties and understand the mediator role of shame and self‐criticism in the relationship between social stress reactivity and social functioning. Seventy‐seven participants with a psychotic disorder filled in self‐reported measures of stress reactivity, shame, and self‐criticism and were clinically evaluated for social functioning. To study the associations between variables in the study, Spearman correlation coefficients were used. The PROCESS macro was used to test the sequential mediation analyses. All variables under study were associated with each other, and social stress reactivity predicted social functioning difficulties through external shame, whereas self‐criticism was not a significant mediator. The present study highlights the role of external shame in the pathway from stress reactivity to social impairment. These results inform recovery‐oriented interventions and reinforce the relevance of considering social competitive mentality when working with people with psychosis. Further research is needed to clarify the role of self‐to‐self relationship in social impairment and to identify other mechanisms aimed at dealing with shame used by people with psychosis.
Influence of external magnetic field on dust acoustic waves in a capacitive RF discharge
Authors: Choudhary Mangilal , Bergert Roman , Mitic Slobodan , Thoma Markus H. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis paper reports experiments on self‐excited dust acoustic waves (DAWs) and its propagation characteristics in a magnetized rf discharge plasma. The DAWs are spontaneously excited in dusty plasma after adding more particles in the confining potential well and found to propagate in the direction of streaming ions. The spontaneous excitation of such low‐frequency modes is possible due to the instabilities associated with streaming ions through the dust grain medium. The background E‐field and neutral pressure determine the stability of excited DAWs. The characteristics of DAWs strongly depend on the strength of external magnetic field. The magnetic field of strength B < 0.05 T only modifies the characteristics of propagating waves in dusty plasma at moderate power and pressure, P = 3.5 W and p = 27 Pa, respectively. It is found that DAWs start to be damped with increasing the magnetic field beyond B > 0.05 T and get completely damped at higher magnetic field B ∼ 0.13 T. After lowering the power and pressure to 3 W and 23 Pa respectively, the excited DAWs in the absence of B are slightly unstable. In this case, the magnetic field only stabilizes and modifies the propagation characteristics of DAWs while the strength of B is increased up to 0.1 T or even higher. The modification of the sheath electric field where particles are confined in the presence of the external magnetic field is the main cause of the modification and damping of the DAWs in a magnetized rf discharge plasma.
An efficient lightweight authentication scheme for human‐centered industrial Internet of Things
Authors: Singh Jaya , Gimekar Ashish , Venkatesan Subramanian 
Published: November 2019

SummaryInternet of Things (IoT) specifies a transparent and coherent integration of assorted and composite nodes. Unification of these nodes with large resources and servers has brought advancement in technology for industrial and government services. The industrial IoT (IIoT), with smart nodes, enhance the development and manufacturing of industrial process, which is on demand now. However, the security concern is substantial, and it is required to control to perform prosperous assimilation of IIoT. Authentication of these smart nodes and establishing mutual trust among them is essential to keep vulnerabilities and potential risks out. Hence, this paper presents an efficient lightweight secure authentication protocol from the perspective of human‐centered IIoT. This proposed scheme assumes a registration center which simply generates public and secret information for a node when it initially joins the network. Once registration is done, the registration center is not needed anymore, and advanced processes like mutual authentication, secure key exchange, and communications are independently done by nodes involved. Furthermore, we show that this scheme can reduce exponential computations and computational overhead and resolves various possible attacks.
Social interactions do not drive territory aggregation in a grassland songbird
Authors: Winnicki S. K. , Munguía S. M. , Williams E. J. , Boyle W. A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the drivers of animal distributions is a fundamental goal of ecology and informs habitat management. The costs and benefits of colonial aggregations in animals are well established, but the factors leading to aggregation in territorial animals remain unclear. Territorial animals might aggregate to facilitate social behavior such as (1) group defense from predators and/or parasites, (2) cooperative care of offspring, (3) extra‐pair mating, and/or (4) mitigating costs of extra‐pair mating through kin selection. Using experimental and observational methods, we tested predictions of all four hypotheses in a tallgrass prairie in northeast Kansas, United States. Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum) males formed clumps of territories in some parts of the site while leaving other apparently suitable areas unoccupied. Despite substantial sampling effort (653 territories and 223 nests), we found no support for any hypothesized social driver of aggregation, nor evidence that aggregation increases nest success. Our results run counter to previous evidence that conspecific interactions shape territory distributions. These results suggest one of the following alternatives: (1) the benefits of aggregation accrue to different life‐history stages, or (2) the benefits of territory aggregation may be too small to detect in short‐term studies and/or the consequences of aggregation are sufficiently temporally and spatially variable that they do not always appear to be locally adaptive, perhaps exacerbated by changing landscape contexts and declining population sizes.
The role of soil redox conditions in microbial phosphorus cycling in humid tropical forests
Authors: Gross Avner , Lin Yang , Weber Peter K. , Pett‐Ridge Jennifer , Silver Whendee L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHumid tropical forests are among the most productive ecosystems globally, yet they often occur on soils with high phosphorus (P) sorption capacity, lowering P availability to biota. Short‐term anoxic events are thought to release sorbed P and enhance its acquisition by soil microbes. However, the actual effects of anoxic conditions on microbial P acquisition in humid tropical forest soils are surprisingly poorly studied. We used laboratory incubations of bulk soils, NanoSIMS analysis of single microbial cells, and landscape‐scale measurements in the Luquillo Experimental Forest (LEF), Puerto Rico to test the hypothesis that anoxic conditions increase microbial P acquisition in humid tropical forests. In laboratory and field experiments, we found that microbial P uptake generally decreased under anoxic conditions, leading to high microbial carbon (C) to P ratios in anoxic soils. The decreased P acquisition under anoxic conditions was correlated with lower microbial C use efficiency (CUE), an index of microbial energy transfer in ecosystems. Phosphorus amendments to anoxic soils led to increased microbial P uptake and higher CUE suggesting that microbes were less able to access and utilize P under natural low redox conditions. Under oxic conditions, microbial C:P ratios and CUE did not respond to changes in substrate stoichiometry. These results challenge the existing paradigm by showing that anoxic conditions can decrease microbial P uptake and ultimately constrain microbial CUE. Our findings indicate that soil redox conditions tightly couple soil P and C cycles and advance our understanding of controls on P cycling in humid tropical forest ecosystems.
Preparation and Characterization of Sulfated Cellulose Nanocrystalline and its Composite Membrane for Removal of Tetracycline Hydrochloride in Water
Authors: Liu Jie , Liu Duo , Liu Shisheng , Li Zhihong , Wei Xiaohui , Lin Song , Guo Minjie 
Published: November 2019

The removal of antibiotic pollutants remaining in the environmental media has been a big challenge nowadays. Herein, we report a facile and green approach to fabricate an eco‐friendly composite membrane without addition of any toxic polymers or chemical cross‐linking agents to effectively remove the tetracycline hydrochloride in Water. Firstly, the sulfated cellulose nanocrystalline (CNC) was obtained via hydrolysis of sulfuric acid by using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as raw material under ultrasonic condition. The as‐prepared CNC has a nanowhisker dimension with 200.2 ± 110.2 nm in length, 15.7 ± 9.3 nm in width, and 7.2 ± 3.1 nm in height. The obtained CNC is cellulose type I as determined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), while its crystallinity index (CrI) can reach 82.3%. Then, the composite membrane derived from the obtained CNC and commercial mixed cellulose ester (MCE) membrane was facilely prepared through vacuum dewatering process, which is applied to remove tetracycline hydrochloride (Th) in solution. The results showed that the removal efficiency of Th through the neat MCE was only 28 ± 4%, while it could be improved to 58 ± 5% and 89 ± 1%, respectively, by filtering through composite membranes with different contents of CNC deposition. Such effect is derived from the combine factors based on both steric hindrance (sieving) and electrostatic interaction (Donnan) effect of the composite membranes. The development of related CNC materials and composite fabrication processes is in favor of cost‐effective and “green” polymer composites for the remediation of increasing antibiotic pollution and the purification of contaminated water nowadays.
A pan‐inflammatory microRNA‐cluster is associated with orbital non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and idiopathic orbital inflammation
Authors: Laban Kamil G. , Kalmann Rachel , Bekker Cornelis P. J. , Hiddingh Sanne , van der Veen Rob L. P. , Eenhorst Christine A. E. , Genders Stijn W. , Mourits Maarten P. , Verhagen Fleurieke H. , Leijten Emmerik F. A. , Haitjema Saskia , de Groot Mark C. H. , Radstake Timothy R. D. J. , de Boer Joke H. , Kuiper Jonas J. W. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNon‐Hodgkin orbital lymphoma (NHOL) and idiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI) are common orbital conditions with largely unknown pathophysiology that can be difficult to diagnose. In this study we aim to identify serum miRNAs associated with NHOL and IOI. We performed OpenArray® miRNA profiling in 33 patients and controls. Differentially expressed miRNAs were technically validated across technology platforms and replicated in an additional cohort of 32 patients and controls. We identified and independently validated a serum miRNA profile of NHOL that was remarkably similar to IOI and characterized by an increased expression of a cluster of eight miRNAs. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the miRNA‐cluster is associated with immune‐mediated pathways, which we supported by demonstrating the elevated expression of this cluster in serum of patients with other inflammatory conditions. The cluster contained miR‐148a, a key driver of B‐cell tolerance, and miR‐365 that correlated with serum IgG and IgM concentrations. In addition, miR‐29a and miR‐223 were associated with blood lymphocyte and neutrophil populations, respectively. NHOL and IOI are characterized by an abnormal serum miRNA‐cluster associated with immune pathway activation and linked to B cell and neutrophil dysfunction.
Altered circulating endocannabinoids in anorexia nervosa during acute and weight‐restored phases: A pilot study
Authors: Piccolo Mayron , Claussen Malte Cristian , Bluemel Sena , Schumacher Sonja , Cronin Annette , Fried Michael , Goetze Oliver , Martin‐Soelch Chantal , Milos Gabriella 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by a low food intake and often exceeding exercise, leading to a particularly low body × weight proportion. Patients with AN usually report less hunger than healthy controls. Endogenous endocannabinoids (eCBs), specifically the anandamide, have been associated to hunger, as a meal initiator, but research regarding AN and eCB and inconclusive. In this pilot study, we investigated plasma levels of eCB in inpatients with AN during fasting and after eating, both during the acute AN phase and after weight recovery. After an 8‐hr fasting period, blood sample was collected from all participants. After that, participants were given a muffin test meal. Blood samples for the investigation of endogenous eCBs anandamide (N‐arachidonoylethanolamide [AEA]) and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) were then collected after 120 and 240 min. Participants were only allowed to eat and drink what was offered them during the research. AN reported less hunger than controls during fasting and at the end of the experiment. Also, plasma levels of AEA were significantly smaller in AN in comparison with controls in all time points. No significant difference was found for 2‐AG plasma levels. After recovery, no significant difference was found for eCB levels. These findings could be interpreted as an AEA deregulation in AN before and after food intake, which persists after weight recovery. These findings may have implications to the pharmacological treatment of AN and to relapse occurring in the disorder.
Cooperative load‐bearing characteristics of a pillar group and a gob pile in partially caved areas at shallow depth
Authors: Zhu Defu , Song Xuanmin , Li Haocheng , Liu Zhenghe , Wang Chen , Huo Yuming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractStress concentration in partially caved goaf is the main cause of dynamic pressure accident in the lower seam mining. Aimed at the characteristics of caving in shallow partially caved goaf (PCG) and the specificity of interior load‐bearing structures, a classification criterion of goaf caving was proposed. The characteristics of cooperative load‐bearing in pillar group and gob pile were revealed by numerical calculation, physical simulation, and theoretical analysis. Taking intermittent mining as an example, combined with the deformation behaviors of the main roof and the loading characteristics of waster rock mass, the characteristics of the load‐bearing of gob piles were described in the form of a piecewise function. A FLAC3D model of intermittent mining is modeled to evaluate the stability of pillars, the long‐term stability and distribution laws of overlying loads were revealed through a refined model. The results show that the width of the caved zone bearing the load in the intermittent goaf is about 20 m, and the maximum load‐bearing capacity is 1.055 MPa. The maximum depth of the plastic region in one side of the pillar is 1.48 m, and the load on elastic zone is about 11.33 MPa. This study provides a method for the study of the caving characteristics and load uncertainty in PCG, and the results provide important theoretical values for the safe mining of lower coal seams.