bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Services That Matter for Aging in Place: Research on the Impact and Promise of Adult Day Centers
Authors: Sadarangani Tina , Dabelko-Schoeny Holly 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Adult day service centers (ADCs) in the United States are increasingly recognized as an important source of community-based long-term care for older adults. However, awareness, widespread utilization, reimbursements, and access to ADCs have been limited by a lack of evidence on ADCs’ impact. In this interdisciplinary symposium, we explore current research taking place in the realm of adult day services to understand the reach and impact of ADCs. We begin by examining the most current center-level and user-level data from the National Center for Health Statistics, and demonstrate how these data can be used to inform research and policy. We subsequently evaluate survey data from the National Adult Day Services Association that captures clinical data being collected in ADCs (N=250) surrounding users’ clinical outcomes. We then explore the effectiveness of four interventions on ADC users’ health and functional status: board games, cognitive behavioral therapy, aromatherapy and dance. Finally, we examine the association between adult day services use by African American persons with dementia and depressive symptoms in their caregivers. Our findings suggest that ADCs serve a complex population with high rates of poverty and chronic conditions, but ADCs can have a meaningful impact on users’ health and well-being by leveraging innovative programming. We conclude by discussing how standardization of data collection efforts could enable researchers and policymakers to evaluate ADCs’ impact and target funding towards services that maximizes users’ health and well-being.
When and Why Does Subjective Age Boost Competence and Proactive Work Behavior?
Authors: Weiss David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Subjective age bias suggests that middle-aged and older adults feel relative younger, whereas adolescents and young adults often feel older than their chronological age. However, we still know very little about its social conditions and consequences across the life span particularly within the work domain. Across three studies (correlational, experimental, and field: Ns = 650, 16-85 years), we show that feeling older (among younger adults) and younger (among older adults) is triggered by undesirable age stereotypes concerning competence and status of young and later adulthood and desirable age stereotypes of midlife. We further demonstrate that feeling relatively older among young adults and younger among older adults increases individuals’ self-perceived competence at work and predicts proactive behavior such as speaking up. We discuss subjective age bias as socially-mediated phenomenon and how it affects behavior at work across the life span.
Support, Health, Activities, Resources, & Education (SHARE): New Program Innovations for Early-Stage Families
Authors: Whitlatch Carol , Zarit Steven , Zarit Steven 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Persons living with a recent diagnosis of dementia experience great uncertainty and stress as they and their families try to adjust to the new reality of their lives and futures. One fruitful strategy for intervening with these families is to include both the person living with dementia and their family care partner in the program. Although dyadic approaches are rare among early-stage programs, promising examples exist. The SHARE Program (Support, Health, Activities, Resources, and Education) is one exception where dyadic materials address: 1) current and long- term needs of care partners, and 2) how the family can develop a realistic plan of care based on their care values and preferences. This symposium describes the development and positive outcomes of the original SHARE intervention and the promising adaptations that expand how and to whom the intervention is delivered. Presentations explore: 1) the original SHARE for Dementia program and strategies for expanding its reach into chronic conditions populations (Orsulic-Jeras & Whitlatch), 2) a group version translated into Spanish (“EPIC: Early-stage Partners in Care,” Dr. Coon), and 3) the development of a remote needs assessment and unobtrusive in-home monitoring technology platform that guides care planning and helps to maintain independence (“SHARE-sense,” Dr. Miller). Discussion will focus on the challenges, unique solutions, and positive outcomes when adapting SHARE to different settings and populations (Dr. Zarit).
When Helping Hurts: Nonabusing Family, Friends, and Neighbors in the Lives of Elder Mistreatment Victims
Authors: Breckman Risa , Burnes David , Ross Sarah , Marshall Philip , Suitor J Jill , Lachs Mark , Pillemer Karl 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Research conducted by the NYC Elder Abuse Center (NYCEAC) at Weill Cornell Medicine and colleagues found that concerned persons experience significant distress knowing about elder abuse and trying to assist victims. Data will be presented from a nationally representative survey which included items on concerned persons in elder abuse. Thirty-one percent of all respondents reported that they had a relative or friend who experienced elder abuse; of these, 61% had attempted to help the victim and over 80% reported the experience is very or extremely stressful (2017). By both knowing about and becoming involved in elder abuse situations, concerned persons experience significant emotional and practical problems and often need professional help. NYCEAC’s Elder Abuse Helpline for Concerned Persons is the first of its kind in the country. The Helpline’s services and structure will be explained, and possibilities for replication in other locations will be explored.
Cultural Adaptation of the Home-Based Tailored Activity Program in Chile
Authors: Gajardo Jean , Aravena Jose , Navarrete Ignacia , Slachevsky Andrea , Gitlin Laura 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chile is currently implementing policies addressing dementia care with efforts to translate evidence-based programs towards culturally sensitive models of care. This study describes the cultural adaptation of the Tailored Activity Program (TAP). A complementary mixed-method design was performed following the 4-phase Dynamic Adaptation Process (DAP) model by Aarons et al, 2012. Ten dyads (family caregivers and people with dementia) completed a regular 8-session home-based TAP intervention during 2017-2018. Qualitative data was collected through interviews and observation with caregivers, and weekly follow-up and a focus group with provider occupational therapists. Quantitative data in pilot testing was obtained through assessments at baseline and after intervention. The TAP was well accepted by family caregivers, and sociocultural adaptations on content, context, target level, and training were identified. Significant reduction of frequency and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms in individuals with dementia was found, and caregivers reported reduction of depressive symptoms, improved perceived well-being & self-confidence. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Behavioral Interventions for Older Adults Interest Group.
PTSD Symptoms Among Vietnam, Persian Gulf, and Post-9/11 Combat Veterans: Findings From VALOR
Authors: Kurth Maria , Aldwin Carolyn , Settersten Richard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Much is known about the mental health of combat Vietnam Veterans, but less is known about Persian Gulf and post-9/11 veterans and how they compare to those from earlier eras. Using data from an online survey of Oregon veterans, we examine how PTSD symptoms differ by combat exposure across these three cohorts. The sample (N=167, Mage=57.86, SD=12.09), was largely composed of White (88%), male (69%) Veterans. Most served in the Persian Gulf (41%), followed by Vietnam (36%) and post-9/11 (23%) eras. ANCOVAs showed significant cohort differences in PTSD, after controlling for severity of combat exposure and demographics (age, gender, education, income) (F(2, 157) = 4.24, p &lt; .05). Post-9/11 veterans had significantly lower PTSD symptom severity than Vietnam-era veterans but were comparable to Persian Gulf. There were no cohort differences for noncombat veterans. Future research should investigate why Vietnam veterans continue to have worse mental health than younger veteran cohorts. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Aging Veterans: Effects of Military Service across the Life Course Interest Group.
Loneliness and Daily Stressors: The Protective Role of Daily Positive Events
Authors: Hong Joanna , Charles Susan , Sin Nancy , Almeida David 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Lonely individuals are particularly vulnerable to daily stressors. Yet, less is known about the protective role of daily positive social events on days lonely individuals experience a stressor. The current study examined whether experiencing a positive social event on the same day as a stressor helps lonely individuals maintain their daily emotional well-being. Participants from the Midlife in the United States Survey II and the National Study of Daily Experiences II reported their trait-levels of loneliness. A subset of the participants (N=1,730) also completed eight days of daily interviews and reported experiences of stressful events, positive social events, and emotions. On days lonely individuals reported experiencing a stressor, experiencing a positive social event was associated with a less increase in daily negative affect. However, this buffering effect did not generalize to non-lonely individuals. Results highlight a protective asset that might be important for helping lonely individuals maintain daily well-being.
Family Caregivers’ Decision-Support Needs Beyond the Decision Aid
Authors: Britt Katherine , Schlag Karen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Of the estimated 16 million U.S. family members currently providing essential yet unpaid caregiving for persons with dementia (PWD), many will also make end-of-life (EOL) care decisions as surrogates, a process that can be fraught with uncertainty. Even with dementia death rates rising, many families delay advanced care planning (ACP) discussions, and surrogate decision makers often lack crucial information and support, implicating the need to further study this topic in aging. While decision aids (DA) serve as a support tool for caregivers, they can be less effective when failing to address unresolved decisional needs. Utilizing the Ottawa Decision Support Framework (ODSF), which asserts caregiver decision needs affect decision quality, this study sought to identify surrogate decision-support needs extending beyond general ACP. This mixed study used cognitive interviews and focus groups with family caregivers (N=13) and healthcare professionals (n=14) to assess their knowledge and understanding of hospice and artificial hydration and nutrition. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed with thematic content analysis. Three main themes were identified: DAs alone aren’t enough to foster quality decision making for surrogates; individualized communication is necessary to clarify PWD and caregiver value priorities and disease trajectories; and clarification of the impact of care choices within situational contexts is quintessential. Further development is needed to create a practice protocol from these themes to inform professionals assisting surrogates in ACP at EOL. Practical implications from this study include highlighting the importance of individualized communication between PWD, providers, and caregivers in addressing EOL care decisional needs.
Changing Demographics of Aging and Disability: Implications for Advancing Knowledge of Disablement and Life Course
Authors: Campbell Margaret 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Increased survivorship and longevity have resulted in dramatic improvements in life quality for people with significant disabilities and impairments. However, the fields of rehabilitation and gerontology have tended to divide this phenomenon into people aged under 65 aging with lifelong and early onset disabilities, and those aged 65 plus who are aging into late onset disability. But for both groups, increased survivorship also translates into more years living with comorbidities associated with the underlying condition and increased risk for premature onset and higher rates of age-related chronic conditions. Despite these widely acknowledged trends, we have no national data systems that estimate the overall prevalence of the ‘aging with long-term disability’ population and monitor its status. Acknowledged is that the lack of national data and reliance on chronological age undermines our knowledge of the disablement experience across the life course and the needs for services and supports associated with diverse trajectories. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Lifelong Disabilities Interest Group.
The Impact of Perceived Neighborhoods in Childhood and Adulthood on Daily Cognitive Function
Authors: Munoz Elizabeth , Pasquini Giancarlo , Allan Alexa , Mogle Jacqueline , Sliwinski Martin , Scott Stacey 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Neighborhood experiences may have a cumulative effect on cognitive health outcomes across the lifespan. We investigated independent and combined associations between current and retrospective childhood neighborhoods and daily cognitive function in 209 adults (Mage=47.07; range: 25-65) who participated in a 14-day ecological momentary assessment study. Participants reported perceptions of their current neighborhood and the neighborhood they lived in at age 5; including neighborhood cohesion, safety, violence, and physical conditions. Greater current neighborhood violence was independently associated with poorer spatial working memory. Childhood neighborhood violence was not significantly associated with performance. The interaction between current and childhood neighborhood ratings was significant: individuals who reported greater childhood neighborhood violence, but lower current violence had better performance than those who experienced consistently high or low neighborhood violence. Effects for other neighborhood domains were not significant. Results indicate that neighborhood influences on cognition in adulthood may be moderated by childhood neighborhood experiences.
Neighborhood and Housing Conditions and Risk of Falls
Authors: Lee Haena , Ailshire Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Physical conditions of living environments can impact risk of falls, however, prior work has focused typically on one domain at a time—either neighborhood or home, capturing limited environmental boundaries of older adults. We extend prior work by considering both neighborhood and home as important residential contexts and examine their impact on the onset of falls over time. Data are drawn from two waves of the Health and Retirement Study (2012 and 2016; N = 2,244). We used interviewers’ report on outdoor and indoor dwelling conditions to assess environmental risk factors. One-third of respondents reported at least one fall years later. The presence of green space such as a park near the housing unit and clutter in the home appears to increase the risk of falls over a four-year period. This finding suggests that falls in old age may be determined by a combination of outdoor and indoor risk factors.
Life in the Living Room: An Expression of Personality in Late Life?
Authors: Fingerman Karen , Ng Yee To , Zhang Shiyang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Recent research has found that micro environments (i.e., residential spaces) provide information about psychological processes in young adults. This study examined older adults’ living spaces. Participants (N = 171) from the Daily Experiences and Well-being Study completed measures of personality. Interviewers took 3 to 4 photographs of the room where participant spends the most time. Independent coders rated the rooms for 33 features (e.g., cleanliness, light, clutter) on a 5 point scale. Regression analyses revealed that personality was associated in anticipated ways. For example, conscientiousness was associated with rooms in better condition, neuroticism with less brightness, and by contrast, extraversion with greater brightness and more color. Discussion focuses on bidirectional emotional aspects of home environments that may contribute to well-being. Macro environments (e.g., neighborhoods) shape late life well-being, but understanding micro environments where older adults spend the majority of their time also may contribute to advances in the field.
The Burden of Serious Falls Among Older Adults: Evidence from Hospitalizations in Philadelphia, PA
Authors: Todd Megan , Pressley Kevin , Pharis Meagan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Falls among older adults cause acute injury, are associated with subsequent mortality, and cost billions of dollars in medical expenses each year. However, research on falls is lacking compared to other causes of morbidity. In our rapidly aging world, a better understanding of the populations at greatest risk is urgently needed. In this paper, we used 2018 data on every inpatient hospitalization in Philadelphia and from the American Community Survey to estimate the prevalence of serious falls among older adults (60+) by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. We further assessed the relationship between age, sex, and race/ethnicity and fall outcomes (length of hospital stay (LOS), total medical charges) with linear regression models. In 2018, the rate of falls serious enough to warrant a hospital stay in Philadelphians aged 60+ was 243 per 10,000. This rate increased dramatically with age, from 116 per 10,000 (60-64) to 649 per 10,000 (85+). Men were at higher risk than women for each 5-year age group except those top-coded at 85+. Compared to white older adults, black older adults had greater risk at younger ages (60-69) and lower risk at older ages (70+). In linear models we found that charges and LOS decreased with increasing age. Both charges and LOS were higher for men than women. Hispanic patients had significantly higher charges than non-Hispanic patients, despite having similar lengths of stay. Future work will attempt to explain differences in charges and LOS by examining mortality, discharge location (e.g., home, hospice, rehab), and co-morbidities.
Successful Aging: Re-Conceptualized
Authors: Eustice-Corwin Alexander , Missell Rachel , Sörensen Silvia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A review of the aging literature yields 105 operational definitions of “successful aging” in use. These theoretical discrepancies have caused some investigators to question the utility of the concept (Cosco et al., 2014). Investigators who remain committed to the concept acknowledge its conceptual messiness, but have found no consensus for resolution. We propose a revised concept of successful aging, combining a life-course perspective (Rowe & Kahn, 2015) with a neo-Aristotelian theoretical framework. Such a framework justifies certain changes to the definition of “successful aging;” it situates our concept of successful aging within a broader view of human development, is more inclusive, and suggests empirically adequate research questions. Specifically, conceptualizing “successful aging” along neo-Aristotelian lines means defining it as the maintenance of proper human functioning across the life-course and into late adulthood. For Aristotle, proper human functioning entails realizing one’s potential as a “rational social animal,” with rational implying goal-oriented thinking, means-ends reasoning, other forms of instrumental rationality (not excluding emotionality). Social suggests active engagement in a community, within the limits of an individuals’ comfort and ability. These two criteria determine “success” in older age. Recent research on successful aging reveals that absence of disease and disability does not appear to be a constituent of “successful aging.” Therefore, physical health is neither necessary nor sufficient for “success.” Our re-conceptualization of “successful aging” could be tested using confirmatory factor analysis, with social and reasoning/problem-solving factors loading onto a second order Successful Aging factor. This understanding allows for greater empowerment of older adults.
The Potential of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Novel Analytic Methods to Promote Successful Aging
Authors: Boot Walter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Gerontological Society of America is celebrating its75th anniversary and in those75 years the world has undergone an amazing technological revolution. During this period, computers transformed from systems that once filled entire rooms to much more powerful devices that fit in our pockets. We have seen the introduction of wireless technologies, augmented and virtual reality, smart home devices, autonomous vehicles, and much more. This session focuses on a new technological advance that has the potential to support the health, wellbeing, and independence of older adults and caregivers: artificial intelligence (AI). This session will present applications of AI, Machine Learning (ML), and other novel analytic methods and how they have the potential to impact the lives of older adults in a variety of context. As AI is increasingly being involved in workplace hiring, the first talk focuses on older adults’ attitudes toward the role of AI in this decision making process. Next, novel ML approaches applied to social media are discussed in terms of understanding the needs of Alzheimer’s caregivers. Next, ML techniques are discussed in terms of developing biomarkers that can be applied in diagnosis and assessment of therapeutic responses by detecting mood, which may have important implications for older adults living with dementia. Then, the potential role of AI is discussed in terms of developing reminder systems to promote older adults’ adherence to technology-based health activities. Finally, novel analytic approaches are discussed in terms of harnessing digital metrics to detect the risk of cognitive decline.
The Transition to Family Caregiving: Does It Affect Biomarkers of Aging?
Authors: Chung Shang-En , Roth David , Bentley John , Walston Jeremy 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Blood samples were collected from participants in the REGARDS study on two separate occasions. No participants in the Caregiving Transitions Study were caregivers at the first blood draw, but 251 became caregivers before the second blood draw 9 years later. These caregivers were matched with 251 noncaregiving controls. Six circulating biomarkers of inflammation (e.g., CRP, IL-6, TNFR1) and a measure of cellular aging (leukocyte telomere length) were assessed at both blood draws. All biomarkers except CRP showed overall aging effects (ps &lt; 0.001). Caregivers had a small but significantly greater increase in TNFR1 levels (p = 0.03) than controls, but no significant differential changes were found on the other 5 inflammatory biomarkers or on telomere length. Preliminary findings from latent variable models indicated good model fit and found caregivers to be 0.27 SDs lower than controls on a latent construct of inhibitory, regulatory feedback of systemic inflammation (p = 0.03).