bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parasitization of bats by bat flies (Streblidae) in fragmented habitats
Authors: Hiller Thomas , Brändel Stefan Dominik , Honner Benjamin , Page Rachel A. , Tschapka Marco 
Published: February 2020

AbstractParasites represent a large fraction of the world's biodiversity. They control host population sizes and contribute to ecosystem functioning. However, surveys on species diversity rarely include parasitic species. Bats often present traits favoring parasite diversity, such as large home ranges, long life spans, and large colonies. The most conspicuous bat parasites are the highly host‐specific, blood‐sucking bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae, Nycteribiidae). Recent studies have found a direct effect of habitat alteration on the abundance of bat species. We expected, therefore, that changes in the host community in response to anthropogenic habitat modification will also result in changes in the associated parasite community. We captured bats in three different habitats in Central Panama between 2013 and 2015. We recorded information on prevalence and intensity of bat fly parasitization of the seven most commonly captured bat species. Prevalence and intensity were both significantly influenced by roost type, abundance, and host sex and age. We found that habitat variables and matrix type significantly influenced the prevalence and intensity of parasitization, while the direction of the responses was host species‐ and parasite species‐specific. In general, roosting conditions and behavior of host bats appear to be fundamental in explaining changes in prevalence and intensity of parasitization between different habitat types, as bat flies are bound to the roost during their reproductive cycle. Habitat alterations affect next to the host community composition also the availability of possible roost structures as well as microclimatic conditions, which all three reflect in parasitization.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Schools as “Really Dangerous Places” for Indigenous Children and Youth: Schools, Child Welfare, and Contemporary Challenges to Reconciliation
Authors: Milne Emily , Wotherspoon Terry 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC) final report called attention to the damage induced by government policies and practices and outlined a pathway toward reconciliation in which education and child welfare system reforms play a central role. Drawing from 61 interviews with teachers and parents of Indigenous children in Alberta, this paper addresses the question: what do intersections between schooling and child welfare systems contribute to prospects for meaningful reconciliation between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous people in Canada? Findings suggest that, despite formal commitments to acknowledge and address colonial legacies of residential schooling, obligations to fulfill state child welfare and educational objectives continue to situate schools, for many Indigenous families, as “dangerous places.”
Pembrolizumab monotherapy in Japanese patients with advanced ovarian cancer: Subgroup analysis from the KEYNOTE‐100
Authors: Nishio Shin , Matsumoto Koji , Takehara Kazuhiro , Kawamura Naoki , Hasegawa Kosei , Takeshima Nobuhiro , Aoki Daisuke , Kamiura Shoji , Arakawa Atsushi , Kondo Eiji , Hirakawa Tomoko , Yamamoto Keiko , Aoki Masayuki , Stein Karen , Keefe Stephen , Fujiwara Keiichi , Ushijima Kimio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractInterim results from the two‐cohort, phase 2 KEYNOTE‐100 study (NCT02674061) of 376 patients with previously treated advanced recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC) showed that pembrolizumab monotherapy was associated with an objective response rate (ORR) of 8.0% (95% CI, 5.4‐11.2). We present outcomes for the Japanese patients (n = 21) enrolled in KEYNOTE‐100. Patients with epithelial ROC had received either 1‐3 prior chemotherapy lines and had platinum‐free interval or treatment‐free interval (PFI; TFI) of 3‐12 months (cohort A) or 4‐6 prior chemotherapy lines and had PFI/TFI of ≥3 months (cohort B). All patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks as monotherapy for 2 years or until progression, death, unacceptable toxicity or consent withdrawal. Primary objectives were ORR per RECIST v1.1 for each cohort and higher programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) tumor expression. The relationship between PD‐L1 expression (measured as combined positive score [CPS]) and ORR was assessed. Twenty‐one Japanese patients (cohort A, n = 19; cohort B, n = 2) were treated. The median (range) age was 57 (37‐78) years; 19 (90.5%) patients had ECOG status of 0 and 16 (76.2%) patients had stage III‐IV disease. ORR was 19.0% (95% CI, 5.4‐41.9) and seemed to increase with increasing PD‐L1 expression. A total of 13 (61.9%) patients had treatment‐related adverse events (TRAE), and 5 (23.8%) had grade 3‐4 TRAE. There were no treatment‐related deaths in this subpopulation. Pembrolizumab monotherapy was associated with antitumor activity in Japanese patients with ROC, with no new safety signals identified in this subpopulation. The data suggested a trend toward higher PD‐L1 expression among some patients with higher ORR.
Long‐term clinical and radiographic results after treatment or no treatment of small buccal bone dehiscences at posterior dental implants: A randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Waller Tobias , Herzog Milan , Thoma Daniel S. , Hüsler Jürg , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimTo test whether or not buccal vertical bone dehiscences (≤5 mm) around posterior implants left for spontaneous healing (SH) result in the same clinical and radiologic outcome as dehiscences treated with guided bone regeneration (GBR) at 7.5 years after implant placement (IMPL).Materials and methodsTwenty‐two patients receiving 28 posterior implants with a small non‐contained buccal bone dehiscence (≤5 mm) were randomly assigned to the SH or the GBR group. Implants were loaded at 6 months. Clinical parameters (probing depths, sulcus bleeding index, plaque index) and approximal marginal radiographic bone levels were assessed regularly up to at least 6.8 years. The vertical extension of the dehiscences was measured clinically at IMPL and abutment connection and radiographically on cone beam computed tomographys at a mean follow‐up time of 7.5 years.ResultsTwenty patients with a total of 26 implants were recalled at 7.5 years (9.1% dropout). The implant/crown survival rates were 100% in both groups. Stable peri‐implant tissues were observed in both groups showing only minimal signs of inflammation. During the entire study period (IMPL—7.5‐year follow‐up), the median buccal vertical bone gain measured 1.61 mm for the GBR group and 0.62 for the SH group showing no significant difference between the groups. Also, at 7.5 years, the median approximal marginal bone levels (GBR: 0.53; SH: 0.68) were not significantly different between the two groups (p = .61) while the remaining median buccal vertical dehiscences were larger in the SH group (2.51 mm) compared to the GBR group (1.66 mm; p = .02).ConclusionsImplants with small non‐contained buccal bone dehiscences exhibited high implant survival rates and healthy peri‐implant tissues at 7.5 years. In the GBR group, the buccal vertical bone levels were higher compared to the SH group but remained stable over the entire study period for both treatments.
Gains and limitations of a connected tracking solution in the perioperative follow‐up of colorectal surgery patients
Authors: Agri F. , Hahnloser D. , Demartines N. , Hübner M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimThe means to target shorter hospital stay include information technology strategies to improve communication between caregivers and patients in order to limit potentially avoidable readmissions. The aim of the present study was to analyse the benefits and limitations of a smartphone‐based connected tracking solution in the perioperative follow‐up of colorectal surgery patients.MethodThis was a retrospective monocentric cohort study of consecutive patients after colorectal surgery between February and December 2018. The mobile health application included information delivery and daily structured questionnaires on a personalized patient electronic profile, before the hospital stay and for 7 days post‐discharge. The medical team answered automatic alerts in real time.ResultsA total of 93 eligible patients were approached and 36 had to be excluded (26 no smartphone, five no email, five not French speaking). Among the potential users, 50 (88%) engaged in an mHealth app and seven refused. Of these 50 patients, seven dropped out. Of the remaining 43 patients, the app detected 12 adverse events, and 10 (83%) were handled through the app. Healthcare providers responded to patient‐generated alerts after a median time of 90 min (range 9–448 min). Patients’ mean satisfaction level was 4 ± 0.97 out of 5.ConclusionIn total, 88% of smartphone‐equipped patients showed a willingness to engage in mHealth. Reasons for exclusion were the absence of connection tools and a language barrier. Patients who responded to the survey were satisfied with the solution and 83% of post‐discharge adverse events were solved through the app, avoiding emergency consultations.
A rare case of primary dermal clear cell sarcoma with focal epidermotropism: An entity difficult to distinguish from melanoma
Authors: Nawrocki Shiri , Fitzhugh Valerie A. , Groisberg Roman , Aviv Hana A. , Maghari Amin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClear cell sarcoma (CCS) is an uncommon soft‐tissue sarcoma that only rarely arises within the dermis. It is challenging to distinguish dermal CCS from nodular, primary dermal, or metastatic melanoma, as they share morphologic features and immunoprofiles. We describe a dermal CCS in a 25‐year‐old man with a cutaneous groin mass. The lesion was initially diagnosed as melanoma, likely metastatic. On consultation, in addition to a melanoma‐like tumor in the dermis, we identified focal infiltration of tumor cells into the overlying epidermis (epidermotropism), resembling primary nodular or metastatic melanoma. Given the patient's age and absence of a history of primary melanoma, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed, which revealed separation of the 5′ and 3′ EWSR1 probe signals on chromosome 22q12, prompting a diagnosis of CCS. Our case highlights the histopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural similarities between CCS and melanoma, and the consequent potential for major diagnostic confusion. In such cases, FISH analysis remains the key to diagnosis. CCS should be considered in patients with a melanoma‐like tumor in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue without epidermal (or with minimal) involvement, or prior to diagnosing metastatic melanoma in the absence of a known history of primary melanoma, especially in young individuals.
Perceptions of purchasing and payment mechanisms in alcohol and other drug treatment services in Australia: A qualitative study involving alcohol and other drug service providers and purchasers of treatment
Authors: van de Ven Katinka , Ritter Alison , Berends Lynda , Chalmers Jenny , Lancaster Kari 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsGovernments across the globe invest considerable amounts in funding alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment. Little attention however has been paid to the ways AOD service providers are chosen and how they are paid. This study sought to examine the perceptions of Australian AOD treatment purchasers and providers regarding different purchasing and payment mechanisms.Design and MethodsQualitative interviews with AOD treatment providers and purchasers (N = 197) were undertaken across the eight Australian states/territories and the Commonwealth. Data were collated against six main AOD treatment purchasing and payment mechanisms (as identified in the literature), then an inductive, comparative analysis to assign codes was conducted, followed by interpretive analysis to explore emergent themes.ResultsFive main themes were identified in relation to AOD treatment payment and purchasing mechanisms: (i) applying private sector principles to purchasing; (ii) innovation, sector stability and addressing client needs; (iii) performance monitoring and measuring outcomes; (iv) the threat to designated funding for AOD treatment; and (v) the costs and benefits of having multiple funding sources.Discussion and ConclusionsIn many countries reforms are taking place in the health sector consistent with New Public Management principles. These principles, when applied to AOD treatment, have included introducing competition, output and outcomes‐based funding models, standards and accountability. Purchaser and providers identified both strengths and weaknesses and highlighted the overarching concern that implementation of any (mix) of these mechanisms should always be underpinned by a client‐centred and not a finance‐centred approach.
Modelling the spatial distribution of cetaceans in New Zealand waters
Authors: Stephenson Fabrice , Goetz Kimberly , Sharp Ben R. , Mouton Théophile L. , Beets Fenna L. , Roberts Jim , MacDiarmid Alison B. , Constantine Rochelle , Lundquist Carolyn J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimCetaceans are inherently difficult to study due to their elusive, pelagic and often highly migratory nature. New Zealand waters are home to 50% of the world's cetacean species, but their spatial distributions are poorly known. Here, we model distributions of 30 cetacean taxa using an extensive at‐sea sightings dataset (n > 14,000) and high‐resolution (1 km2) environmental data layers.LocationNew Zealand's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).MethodsTwo models were used to predict probability of species occurrence based on available sightings records. For taxa with <50 sightings (n = 15), Relative Environmental Suitability (RES), and for taxa with ≥50 sightings (n = 15), Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) models were used. Independently collected presence/absence data were used for further model evaluation for a subset of taxa.ResultsRES models for rarely sighted species showed reasonable fits to available sightings and stranding data based on literature and expert knowledge on the species' autecology. BRT models showed high predictive power for commonly sighted species (AUC: 0.79–0.99). Important variables for predicting the occurrence of cetacean taxa were temperature residuals, bathymetry, distance to the 500 m isobath, mixed layer depth and water turbidity. Cetacean distribution patterns varied from highly localised, nearshore (e.g., Hector's dolphin), to more ubiquitous (e.g., common dolphin) to primarily offshore species (e.g., blue whale). Cetacean richness based on stacked species occurrence layers illustrated patterns of fewer inshore taxa with localised richness hotspots, and higher offshore richness especially in locales of the Macquarie Ridge, Bounty Trough and Chatham Rise.Main conclusionsPredicted spatial distributions fill a major knowledge gap towards informing future assessments and conservation planning for cetaceans in New Zealand's extensive EEZ. While sightings datasets were not spatially comprehensive for any taxa, these two best available approaches allow for predictive modelling of both more common, and of rarely sighted, cetacean species with limited available information.
H2O2 induces oxidative stress damage through the BMP‐6/SMAD/hepcidin axis
Authors: Chen Li , Ma Bo , Liu Xuan , Hao Yang , Yang Xiaogang , Liu Ming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness in elderly individuals worldwide. Oxidative stress injury to retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells plays a major role in the pathogenesis of AMD. The purpose of this study was to observe the correlation between Hepcidin and neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) and to further observe whether oxidative stress can inhibit Hepcidin expression through relevant signaling pathways to produce oxidative damage. We compared the concentrations of Hepcidin in the aqueous humor of nAMD patients and a control group and found that the concentration of Hepcidin was lower in nAMD patients. Through PCR and western blotting, we observed that H2O2 can significantly inhibit the expression of Bone morphogenetic protein‐6 (BMP‐6) and Hepcidin and increase the intracellular iron concentration in RPE cells, while BMP‐6 can reverse the inhibition of Hepcidin and the increase in iron concentration caused by H2O2. In addition, alterations in smad1 and smad5 expression were examined, and pretreatment with BMP‐6 was demonstrated to reduce H2O2‐induced activation of smad1 and smad5. The effects of BMP‐6 were attenuated by smad1 and smad5 siRNA, further verifying that oxidative stress inhibits the expression of Hepcidin by inhibiting activation of the BMP/SMAD signaling pathway. To some extent, this study verified that oxidative stress injury plays a role in nAMD by affecting the level of hepcidin, which lays a foundation for exploring new methods to treat nAMD.
Older age of childhood type 1 diabetes onset is associated with islet autoantibody positivity >30 years later: the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study
Authors: Miller R. G. , Yu L. , Becker D. J. , Orchard T. J. , Costacou T. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAimsTo examine the association between islet autoantibody positivity and clinical characteristics, residual β‐cell function (C‐peptide) and prevalence of complications in a childhood‐onset (age <17 years), long‐duration (≥32 years) type 1 diabetes cohort.MethodsIslet autoantibodies (glutamic acid decarboxylase, insulinoma‐associated protein 2 and zinc transporter‐8 antibodies) were measured in the serum of participants who attended the 2011–2013 Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study follow‐up examination (n=177, mean age 51 years, diabetes duration 43 years).ResultsPrevalences of islet autoantibodies were: glutamic acid decarboxylase, 32%; insulinoma‐associated protein 2, 22%; and zinc transporter‐8, 4%. Positivity for each islet autoantibody was associated with older age at diabetes onset (glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, P=0.03; insulinoma‐associated protein 2 antibodies, P=0.001; zinc transporter‐8 antibodies, P<0.0001). Older age at onset was also associated with an increasing number of autoantibodies (P = 0.001). Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody positivity was also associated with lower HbA1c (P = 0.02), insulinoma‐associated protein 2 antibody positivity was associated with lower prevalence of severe hypoglycaemic episodes (P=0.02) and both distal and autonomic neuropathy (P=0.04 for both), and zinc transporter‐8 antibody positivity was associated with higher total and LDL cholesterol (P=0.01). No association between autoantibody positivity and C‐peptide was observed.ConclusionsThe strong association between islet autoantibody positivity and older age at type 1 diabetes onset supports the hypothesis of a less aggressive, and thus more persistent, immune process in those with older age at onset. This observation suggests that there may be long‐term persistence of heterogeneity in the underlying autoimmune process.
Evidence‐based treatment of hyperglycaemia with incretin therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes and advanced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Tuttle Katherine R. , McGill Janet B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractType 2 diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The prevalence of CKD is growing in parallel with the rising number of patients with type 2 diabetes globally. At present, the optimal approach to glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and advanced CKD (categories 4 and 5) remains uncertain, as these patients were largely excluded from clinical trials of glucose‐lowering therapies. Nonetheless, clinical trial data are available for the use of incretin therapies, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists, for patients with type 2 diabetes and advanced CKD. This review discusses the role of incretin therapies in the management of these patients. Because the presence of advanced CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with a markedly elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), treatment strategies must include the reduction of both CKD and CVD risks because death, particularly from cardiovascular causes, is more probable than progression to end‐stage kidney disease. The management of hyperglycaemia is essential for good diabetes care even in advanced CKD. Current evidence supports an individualized approach to glycaemic management in patients with type 2 diabetes and advanced CKD, taking account of the needs of each patient, including the presence of co‐morbidities and concomitant therapies. Although additional studies are needed to establish optimal strategies for glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes and advanced CKD, treatment regimens with currently available pharmacotherapy can be individually tailored to meet the needs of this growing patient population.
Traumatic dental injuries presenting to a paediatric emergency department in a tertiary children's hospital, Adelaide, Australia
Authors: Ng Lydia , Malandris Michael , Cheung Wendy , Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground/AimThere is a scarcity of data regarding paediatric traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in tertiary teaching hospitals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the TDI presenting to the Women's and Children's Hospital in Adelaide (Australia) on an emergency basis and to identify the characteristics of the presenting patient cohort, their accident, injuries and management.MethodsMedical health records of 337 paediatric patients attending the Paediatric Emergency Department (PED) for the management of TDI over 18 months were prospectively reviewed.ResultsTDI were more frequent in children under 5 years of age (56.1%) with a predominance of injuries sustained by males (63.8%). The accident characteristics included weekend occurrence (35.6%), the most common aetiology was falls (64.4%) and many incidents occurred at home (48.5%). Overall, 654 teeth were injured with the majority affecting deciduous teeth (58.4%) and the maxillary central incisors (69.9%). The most frequent injury was lateral luxation (27.5%). The majority of patients were referred to the Paediatric Dentistry Department (60.8%). However, almost half of presenting patients did not require further management locally and were subsequently discharged to their dental practitioners (39.2%). Most patients receiving treatment were managed under general anaesthetic (36.9%), and there was often a delay of 3‐12 hours before treatment commenced (49.1%). Similarly, more severe injuries in the permanent dentition (avulsion, extrusion, root fracture, intrusion, alveolar fracture) were more frequently managed between 3 and 12 hours following the accident.ConclusionThe patient, accident, injury and management characteristics are comparable to what has previously been reported in other studies in paediatric populations. Injuries affecting the permanent dentition are more likely to be managed within 3 and 12 hours in an outpatient setting, whereas injuries affecting the deciduous dentition had a delay in management between 12 and 24 hours under general anaesthetic.