bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of heat damage in imported soybeans based on hyperspectral imaging technology
Authors: Liu Yao , Li Ming , Wang Shuwen , Wu Tao , Jiang Wei , Liu Zhongyan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDImported soybeans are prone to heat damage due to high storage temperatures or poor ventilation during transportation. Heat damage directly degrades the quality of the produce and greatly reduces the edible value of soybeans. Rapid and nondestructive techniques for assessing the quality of imported soybeans are in demand. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology was used to distinguish sound soybeans from heat‐damaged soybeans.RESULTSFor testing the effectiveness of preprocessing methods in enhancing model performance, five different preprocessing methods were implemented to original spectra. To solve problems related to accuracy, efficiency, and model interpretability caused by high‐dimensional HSI data, three waveband selection algorithms – dependency measure (DM‐NRS), mutual information (MI‐NRS) and variable precision (VP‐NRS) – based on neighborhood rough set (NRS) theory were proposed to identify the waveband subsets with optimal distinguishing ability. The effectiveness of preprocessing methods and waveband selection algorithms was validated by establishing two kinds of models: extreme learning machine (ELM) and random forest (RF) models. In addition to the classification accuracy, the robustness of the waveband selection algorithms was studied. The results demonstrated that the Savitzky–Golay (SG) smoothing preprocessing method combined with the MI‐NRS waveband selection algorithm and the ELM classifier achieved the best classification and robustness results. Classification accuracy reached 99.98% when using only two optimal wavebands, and reached 100% when using more than four optimal wavebands.CONCLUSIONThe results prove that the HSI technology is an accurate, effective, and nondestructive technique for classifying sound and heat‐damaged soybeans. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Estimating Deer Populations Using Camera Traps and Natural Marks
Authors: Macaulay Luke T. , Sollmann Rahel , Barrett Reginald H. 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTDespite the ubiquity of camera traps in wildlife monitoring projects, the data gathered are rarely used to estimate wildlife population demographics, a critical step in detecting declines, managing populations, and understanding ecosystem health. In contrast to abundant white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the eastern United States, black‐tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in the western United States have declined over the past several decades. We tested whether passively operating camera traps can be used to quantify population characteristics for black‐tailed deer. We used images of naturally occurring physical characteristics of deer to develop movement and activity data and inform a Bayesian spatial mark‐resight model that estimates deer abundance, density, sex ratio, ratio of fawns to adult females, and home range size. We developed the model to account for the effect of attractants (bait) on encounter rate. We placed 13 cameras on all known water sources of a private ranch in California and provided bait once a month in front of each camera. Over 9,000 visits occurred between 24 May 2012 and 21 January 2013, and we identified 50 individual deer from ear notches or antler characteristics. We estimated density at 7.7 deer/km2 in summer and 8.6 deer/km2 in fall. In the summer, home ranges were 2.3 km2 for females and fawns and 16.8 km2 for males. Home ranges constricted slightly in fall. We estimated a sex ratio of 12.5 males/100 females, and a ratio of 47.0 fawns/100 adult females. Bait increased baseline encounter rates (visits/week) by 3.7 times in summer and 4.95 times in fall. We found slightly higher densities of deer in our study area compared to other recent studies in more mountainous areas of California, and lower male:female sex ratios. This approach shows that commonly deployed camera traps can be used to quantify population characteristics, monitor populations, and inform harvest or habitat management decisions. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Exploring the Possibility of Starch‐Based Electrolyte Membrane in MFC Application
Authors: Tiwari Tuhina , Srivastava Neelam 
Published: December 2019

AbstractMicrobial fuel cell (MFC) is a quite promising green and clean approach toward the power generation. In MFC, electrochemically active bacteria present in the wastewater oxidizes the available carbohydrate thereby releasing electrons and protons. The proton conducts through separator membrane in the cathodic chamber combines with its counterpart and makes H2O. Thus the separator membrane is of utmost importance. Nafion is one of the most studied membranes at laboratory scale but for commercial MFC it is not cost effective and hence different membranes are explored. The authors’ group is working on starch‐based electrolyte as an alternative membrane. The paper discusses the effect of the different constituent components of starch‐based membranes (namely salt and type of solvent) and the effect of membrane thickness.
Higher‐order diffusion MRI characterization of mesorectal lymph nodes in rectal cancer
Authors: Ianuş Andrada , Santiago Ines , Galzerano Antonio , Montesinos Paula , Loução Nuno , Sanchez‐Gonzalez Javier , Alexander Daniel C. , Matos Celso , Shemesh Noam 
Published: December 2019

PurposeMesorectal lymph node staging plays an important role in treatment decision making. Here, we explore the benefit of higher‐order diffusion MRI models accounting for non‐Gaussian diffusion effects to classify mesorectal lymph nodes both 1) ex vivo at ultrahigh field correlated with histology and 2) in vivo in a clinical scanner upon patient staging.MethodsThe preclinical investigation included 54 mesorectal lymph nodes, which were scanned at 16.4 T with an extensive diffusion MRI acquisition. Eight diffusion models were compared in terms of goodness of fit, lymph node classification ability, and histology correlation. In the clinical part of this study, 10 rectal cancer patients were scanned with diffusion MRI at 1.5 T, and 72 lymph nodes were analyzed with Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC), Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM), Kurtosis, and IVIM‐Kurtosis.ResultsCompartment models including restricted and anisotropic diffusion improved the preclinical data fit, as well as the lymph node classification, compared to standard ADC. The comparison with histology revealed only moderate correlations, and the highest values were observed between diffusion anisotropy metrics and cell area fraction. In the clinical study, the diffusivity from IVIM‐Kurtosis was the only metric showing significant differences between benign (0.80 ± 0.30 μm2/ms) and malignant (1.02 ± 0.41 μm2/ms, P = .03) nodes. IVIM‐Kurtosis also yielded the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.73) and significantly improved the node differentiation when added to the standard visual analysis by experts based on T2‐weighted imaging.ConclusionHigher‐order diffusion MRI models perform better than standard ADC and may be of added value for mesorectal lymph node classification in rectal cancer patients.
A modified sensitivity equation method for the Euler equations in presence of shocks
Authors: Fiorini Camilla , Chalons Christophe , Duvigneau Régis 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe continuous sensitivity equation method allows to quantify how changes in the input of a partial differential equation (PDE) model affect the outputs, by solving additional PDEs obtained by differentiating the model. However, this method cannot be used directly in the framework of hyperbolic PDE systems with discontinuous solution, because it yields Dirac delta functions in the sensitivity solution at the location of state discontinuities. This difficulty is well known from theoretical viewpoint, but only a few works can be found in the literature regarding the possible numerical treatment. Therefore, we investigate in this study how classical numerical schemes for compressible Euler equations can be modified to account for shocks when computing the sensitivity solution. In particular, we propose the introduction of a source term, that allows to remove the spikes associated to the Dirac delta functions in the numerical solution. Numerical studies exhibit a strong impact of the numerical diffusion on the accuracy of this strategy. Therefore, we propose an anti‐diffusive numerical scheme coupled with the approximate Riemann solver of Roe for the state problem. For the sensitivity problem, two different numerical schemes are implemented and compared: one which takes into account the contact wave and another that neglects it. The effects of the numerical diffusion on the convergence of the schemes with respect to the grid are discussed. Finally, an application to uncertainty propagation is investigated and the different numerical schemes are compared.
Prognostic value of H3K27me3 in children with ependymoma
Authors: Han Zhe , Kang Peng , Zhang Heng , Liao Zhiyi , Li Chunde , Gong Jian , Liu Wei , Tian Yongji 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the expression of H3K27me3 in different anatomical sites and analyze its prognostic value in children with ependymoma.MethodsA total of 188 children diagnosed with ependymoma were admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, between 2012 and 2017, and regular follow‐up was conducted. Expression of H3K27me3 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and scored semiquantitatively. The prognostic correlation was analyzed by Kaplan‐Meier and Cox regression survival analyses.ResultsOf the 188 children with ependymoma, 61.7% were male, and the median and average age was five years (0‐17 years) and 6.26 years, respectively. There were 65 cases of supratentorial ependymoma, 115 cases of infratentorial ependymoma, and 8 cases of spinal cord ependymoma. The median follow‐up time was 39.95 months (0.3‐90.19 months). Five‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 48.5% and 61.4%, respectively. Kaplan‐Meier univariate survival analysis showed that H3K27me3 expression had significant effects on PFS (P = 0.0003) and OS (P < 0.0001) in infratentorial ependymoma, but only affected OS (P = 0.03) in supratentorial ependymoma.ConclusionIn Chinese children, infratentorial ependymoma with incomplete resection and no adjuvant radiotherapy is associated with poor OS. On the other hand, low expression of H3K27me3 indicates poor prognosis of infratentorial ependymoma, but it has no significant prognostic value for supratentorial ependymoma. In addition, high expression of H3K27me3 in spinal ependymoma may indicate a better prognosis.
Children's cancer pain in a world of the opioid epidemic: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Fortier Michelle A. , Yang Sun , Phan Michael T. , Tomaszewski Daniel M. , Jenkins Brooke N. , Kain Zeev N. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe opioid crisis in the United States has grown at an alarming rate. Children with cancer are at high risk for pain, and opioids are a first‐line treatment in this population. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to optimize pain management in children with cancer without contributing to the opioid crisis. This report details opportunities for this optimization, including clinical practice guidelines, comprehensive approaches to pain management, mobile health, and telemedicine. It is vital to balance appropriate use of analgesics with efforts to prevent misuse in order to reduce unnecessary suffering and minimize unintended harms.
Salvage treatment for children with relapsed/refractory germ cell tumors: The Associazione Italiana Ematologia Oncologia Pediatrica (AIEOP) experience
Authors: De Pasquale Maria Debora , D'Angelo Paolo , Crocoli Alessandro , Boldrini Renata , Conte Massimo , Bisogno Gianni , Spreafico Filippo , Inserra Alessandro , Biasoni Davide , Dall'Igna Patrizia , Siracusa Fortunato , Miele Evelina , Terenziani Monica 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundMalignant germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a heterogeneous group of rare neoplasms in children. Optimal outcome is achieved with multimodal therapies for patients with both localized and advanced disease, especially after the introduction of platinum‐based chemotherapy regimens. In this respect, data on salvage treatment for children with relapsed or platinum‐refractory disease are still limited.MethodsRetrospective analysis of data regarding patients affected by malignant GCTs with platinum‐refractory or relapsed disease after first‐line treatment according to AIEOP TCGM 2004 protocol was conducted.ResultsTwenty‐one patients, 15 females and 6 males, were considered for the analysis. All 21 patients received second‐line conventional chemotherapy (SLCT), two of these immediately after surgery for local relapse removal. Two patients showed a progression of disease during SLCT and died of disease shortly thereafter, whereas 19 patients were in partial remission (PR) or complete remission (CR) after SLCT. Treatment after SLCT consisted in surgery on residual tumor mass (9/19) followed by high dose of chemotherapy (HDCT) with autologous hematopoietic stem cell support (16/19). The overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival of the whole populations are 71% and 66.6%, respectively. Platinum‐refractory patients OS is 54.5% compared with 91.5% of the relapsed group. There were no treatment‐related deaths.ConclusionSLCT followed or not by HDCT is an effective salvage treatment for children with relapsed/refractory GCTs. However, the role of HDCT following SLCT needs to be further investigated, especially regarding the identification of specific patient subgroups, which can benefit from this more intensive treatment.
Establishment of extraction design space for ursolic acid from Paulowniae Flos based on the concept of quality by design
Authors: Meng Xiaoyan , Liu Donghao , Yang Manli , Shi Yi , He Hua 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe application of quality by design (QbD) concept needs to be strengthened in the field of traditional Chinese medicine research. The extraction process has an important influence on the effectiveness of the drug, and the combination of QbD and the extraction process of the active ingredient helps to improve the effectiveness of the drug.ObjectiveTo establish the extraction design space for ursolic acid (UA) from Paulowniae Flos based on the concept of QbD.MethodsThe extraction yield of the target component UA was taken as critical quality attributes (CQAs), extraction time, extraction temperature, ethanol concentration and liquid–solid ratio, as critical process parameters (CPPs). Box–Behnken design (BBD) was applied to optimise the design space and the chromatographic conditions were performed on a Shimadzu C18 reversed‐phase column with 0.1% (v/v) acetic acid aqueous water–acetonitrile (7:13, v/v) as the mobile phase at a 1 mL/min flow rate, using UA standard as a control and detection at 210 nm.ResultsThe single factor investigation and BBD experiment were used to construct the design space, while verification experiments and methodological validation were used to demonstrate that the space was robust and analytical methods were appropriate. The operating space of ethanol concentration 93–98%, liquid–solid ratio 28–37 mL/g and extraction temperature 70–78.3°C was recommended.ConclusionThe proposed methodology can help to promote the quality control of the Chinese medicine extraction process and facilitate the production operation of the enterprise easier.
A review on the recent advances in HPLC, UHPLC and UPLC analyses of naturally occurring cannabinoids (2010–2019)
Authors: Nahar Lutfun , Onder Alev , Sarker Satyajit D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionOrganic molecules that bind to cannabinoid receptors are called cannabinoids, and they have similar pharmacological properties like the plant, Cannabis sativa L. Hyphenated liquid chromatography (LC), incorporating high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC, also known as ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography, UHPLC), usually coupled to an ultraviolet (UV), UV‐photodiode array (PDA) or mass spectrometry (MS) detector, has become a popular analytical tool for the analysis of naturally occurring cannabinoids in various matrices.ObjectiveTo review literature on the use of various LC‐based analytical methods for the analysis of naturally occurring cannabinoids published since 2010.MethodologyA comprehensive literature search was performed utilising several databases, like Web of Knowledge, PubMed and Google Scholar, and other relevant published materials including published books. The keywords used, in various combinations, with cannabinoids being present in all combinations, in the search were Cannabis, hemp, cannabinoids, Cannabis sativa, marijuana, analysis, HPLC, UHPLC, UPLC, quantitative, qualitative and quality control.ResultsSince 2010, several LC methods for the analysis of naturally occurring cannabinoids have been reported. While simple HPLC‐UV or HPLC‐UV‐PDA‐based methods were common in cannabinoids analysis, HPLC‐MS, HPLC‐MS/MS, UPLC (or UHPLC)‐UV‐PDA, UPLC (or UHPLC)‐MS and UPLC (or UHPLC)‐MS/MS, were also used frequently. Applications of mathematical and computational models for optimisation of different protocols were observed, and pre‐analyses included various environmentally friendly extraction protocols.ConclusionsLC‐based analysis of naturally occurring cannabinoids has dominated the cannabinoids analysis during the last 10 years, and UPLC and UHPLC methods have been shown to be superior to conventional HPLC methods.
Re‐establishment of fish passage for conserving threatened migratory species of West‐Indian Himalayas
Authors: Raut Shailendra , Gupta Nishikant , Nautiyal Prakash , Everard Mark 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFish passes are structures (natural or manmade) bypassing barriers (e.g., dams), enabling satisfactory movement of migratory fish species. Reestablishment of fish passage, including facilitating overcoming barriers presented by impoundments or restoration of defunct structures, is attracting interest among scientists and policymakers as a mechanism to enable recovery of target fish species or fish communities. However, it is also important to note that fish passes may also act as ecological traps in some large neotropical rivers. A diversity of multispecies fish passage designs have been implemented in North and South America, Europe, and Australia, with varying efficacy for different species. However, field surveys between 2010 and 2018 supported by a review of published literature (N = 217) using Google Scholar search engine using six key terms reveal that few fish passes have been constructed in dams in the Indian Himalayan region, and their efficacy is largely unproven. Major problems associated with fish pass designs include uneven success across a range of species and largely untested effectiveness at the large scale of many major dams. The objective of this paper is to stress upon the requirement of a new approach to understand the operational drawbacks of different types of fish pass and to take an adaptive approach to both design and operation using field data to improve fish pass efficiency. These measures could contribute significantly to the conservation of threatened migratory fish in the increasingly impounded rivers of the Indian Himalayan region.
N‐Directed Pd‐Catalyzed Direct ortho‐Acetoxylation and ortho‐tert‐Butoxylation of 2‐Phenyl‐4H‐benzo[d][1,3]oxazin‐4‐ones via C‐H Activation
Authors: Gupta Mohit , Kumar Sandeep , Kumar Prashant , Kumar Singh Amit , Bahadur Vijay , K. Singh Brajendra 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA highly efficient, palladium‐catalyzed protocol for the regioselective ortho‐acyloxylation of 4H‐Benzo[d][1,3]oxazin‐4‐ones and various other heterocycles which includes indoline, 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[b][1,4]oxazine, and 1‐methyl‐3‐phenylquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one has been developed using C−H activation strategy. The protocol exploits the directing group property of nitrogen present in the heterocyclic framework to introduce the acyloxyl group onto heterocyclic compounds with excellent regioselectivity. The developed method offers a wide substrate and excellent functional group tolerance.
On the Amazing Reactivity of the Ranelate Ion: New Applications of an Old Antiosporotic Drug
Authors: Rocha Julio C. , Sihn Luca M. , Uchiyama Mayara K. , Ribeiro Marcos A. , Franco Maurício P. , Braga Ataualpa A. C. , Silveira Alceu T. , Toma Henrique E. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRanelate ion, the major component of an old antiosporotic drug, exhibits a unusual chemical structure encompassing a thiophene ring with two carboxylic groups, a cyanonitrile substituent, and a nitrile diacetate group; it undergoes decarboxylation at the thiophene carbon‐5 position in acidic solutions, yielding a photoreactive (H5Ran) species which converts into a remarkably stable blue dithiophene dye in the presence of UV light and air.
Chiromagnetic Plasmonic Nanoassemblies with Magnetic Field Modulated Chiral Activity
Authors: Wu Xiaoling , Hao Changlong , Xu Liguang , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai 
Published: December 2019

AbstractChiral plasmonic nanoassemblies, which exhibit outstanding chiroptical activity in the visible or near‐infrared region, are popular candidates in molecular sensing, polarized nanophotonics, and biomedical applications. Their optical chirality can be modulated by manipulating chemical molecule stimuli or replacing the building blocks. However, instead of irreversible chemical or material changes, real‐time control of optical activity is desired for reversible and noninvasive physical regulating methods, which is a challenging research field. Here, the directionally and reversibly switching optical chirality of magneto‐plasmonic nanoassemblies is demonstrated by the application of an external magnetic field. The gold‐magnetic nanoparticles core–satellite (Au@Fe3O4) nanostructures exhibit chiral activity in the UV–visible range, and the circular dichroism signal is 12 times greater under the magnetic field. Significantly, the chiral signal can be reversed by regulating the direction of the applied magnetic field. The attained magnetic field‐regulated chirality is attributed to the large contributions of the magnetic dipole moments to polarization rotation. This magnetic field‐modulated optical activity may be pivotal for photonic devices, information communication, as well as chiral metamaterials.