bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of urban thermal environments based on the perception and simulation of the microclimate in the historic city of Tlemcen
Authors: Ghaffour Wafa , Ouissi Mohammed Nabil , Velay Dabat Marc André 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe preservation of historic urban centres prevents anarchic development of the city and ensures a harmonious evolution of the urban form. It also improves the quality of life in the context of climate and environmental change. Morphological and geometric indicators of the urban fabric are key parameters in the formation of external microclimates. They provide a positive effect on the thermal comfort of pedestrians. The objective of this work is to study the impact of the site morphology on the external microclimate and to understand the relationship between the subjective perception and the objective quantification of the thermal environment. The result of this study has allowed us to propose solutions for the creation of a microclimate favourable to the appropriation of outdoor spaces. The authors finally propose guidelines for the design and rehabilitation of the historic site based on the establishment of links between the site's configuration, microclimatic conditions and users' perceptions.Design/methodology/approachPart of this study included the analysis of the microclimate of the historic “Bab El Hadid” district of the City of Tlemcen, by developing a questionnaire survey and a numerical simulation validated by measurements of the microclimate the authors made on site. To complete this task, the authors applied the Envi-met 4.1 model during the coldest month of the winter and the hottest month of the summer. Urban parameters are represented at different measurement points characterised by a variability of the sky view factor (SVF).FindingsThe results presented in terms of average expected the predicted mean vote (PMV) voting, solar access and air temperature. They show that thermal conditions are directly related to the SVF, the height/width ratio (H/L) of streets as well as the orientation of urban canyons. The points located in the streets facing North–South, present an acceptable performance. Streets shaded by trees with a canyon aspect ratio of between 1.18 and 1.70 reduce heat stress in outdoor spaces. The PMV models discussed provide information on the most appropriate locations for pedestrians. The authors have proposed urban orientations that could limit unfavourable conditions in outdoor spaces. They are useful for architects and urban planners in the design and rehabilitation of historic centres.Originality/valueIn Tlemcen, the microclimate is not taken into account in the design and rehabilitation of urban fabrics. For this specific purpose, the authors want to stress in the research the importance of safeguarding urban heritage through the renewal of the old city and the bioclimatic rehabilitation of its urban spaces.
Lessons learnt from the experience of countries in the Caribbean in aligning tourism investment, business and operations with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Authors: Nair Vikneswaran , McLeod Michelle 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to critically review the contribution made by this theme issue in responding to the strategic question: “How can Caribbean tourism investment, business and operations align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals?”

Design/methodology/approach
A critical content analysis of the papers selected for the theme issue was undertaken to learn about the best practices and experiences from countries in the Caribbean. The rationale for the issue was explored using a set of questions to determine the selected material.

Findings
This summary paper highlights the most significant outcomes from the theme issue in terms of the contributions to knowledge and/or professional practice and also the implications for management action and applied research arising from the outcomes and best practices in some of the countries in the Caribbean. Case studies discussed include relevant experiences derived from application of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Aruba, Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Belize Grenada, Cuba, Jamaica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, The Bahamas and Trinidad and Tobago.

Research limitations/implications
This paper outlines the challenges and new approaches that are needed to manage tourism investment, business and operations in line with the UN’s SDGs that are now well established in other countries and regions.

Originality/value
The paper explores the extent to which the lessons and innovative approaches discussed in this theme issue could be replicated and applied in small island developing states that are trying to comply with the UN SDG 2030 target.
SARS‐CoV‐2 variants: Relevance for symptom granularity, epidemiology, immunity (herd, vaccines), virus origin and containment?
Authors: Danchin Antoine , Timmis Kenneth 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe origin of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus remains enigmatic. It is likely to be a continuum resulting from inevitable mutations and recombination events. These genetic changes keep developing in the present epidemic. Mutations tending to deplete the genome in its cytosine content will progressively lead to attenuation as a consequence of Muller's ratchet, but this is counteracted by recombination when different mutants co‐infect the same host, in particular, in clusters of infection. Monitoring as a function of time the genome sequences in closely related cases is critical to anticipate the future of SARS‐CoV‐2 and hence of COVID‐19.
Mobile, Community‐Based Buprenorphine Treatment for Veterans Experiencing Homelessness With Opioid Use Disorder: A Pilot, Feasibility Study
Authors: Iheanacho Theddeus , Payne Kevin , Tsai Jack 
Published: May 2020

Background and ObjectivesAdults experiencing homelessness with opioid use disorder (OUD) utilize buprenorphine (BUP), a first‐line medication for OUD, at very low rates. Innovative and tailored approaches are needed to reduce barriers to treatment and increase utilization of BUP in this population. This study describes a pilot Mobile Community‐based Access Team (M‐CAT) that used mobile technology and FaceTime in addition to existing community‐based case management programs to provide BUP treatment for veterans with OUD experiencing homelessness who had difficulties engaging in the regular BUP clinic.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of veterans enrolled in M‐CAT or the usual BUP clinic between January 2015 and December 2017 (N = 36). We abstracted demographic, medical, substance use, prescription, health care utilization, and drug use data from medical records.ResultsTwelve veterans were enrolled in M‐CAT and 24 were enrolled in BUP clinic. Mean retention in treatment was 19.2 months (standard deviation [SD] = 10.2) in M‐CAT and 36 months (SD = 27.6) in BUP clinic. At the endpoint, 66.7% (n = 8) in M‐CAT and 100% (n = 24) in BUP clinic remained on BUP.Discussion and ConclusionM‐CAT is an innovative and tailored pilot project that successfully integrated specific OUD medication treatment into existing case management programs for veterans experiencing homelessness using mobile technology and Facetime. M‐CAT can potentially increase utilization of BUP for OUD among high‐risk population of veterans experiencing homelessness who are otherwise not engaged in treatment.Scientific SignificanceIntegrating telemedicine, BUP treatment, and community‐based case management to treat OUD among veterans experiencing homelessness is feasible with high treatment retention. (Am J Addict 2020;29:485–491)
Feto‐placental Dopplers are not altered in women with obstructive sleep apnoea symptoms
Authors: Robertson Nicole , Okano Satomi , Kumar Sailesh 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundSnoring, gasping or choking during sleep are common symptoms of sleep‐disordered breathing and are associated with multiple adverse maternal and obstetric outcomes. The mechanisms responsible remain unknown; however, placental dysfunction is suspected.AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate feto‐placental and fetal cardiac function in women with pregnancies complicated by obstructive sleep apnoea symptoms.Materials and methodsThis was a prospective observational cohort study at a large tertiary obstetric hospital in Australia. Women were asked to complete a questionnaire relating to the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnoea symptoms. They also underwent an ultrasound scan where Doppler indices of various feto‐placental vessels and fetal cardiac function were measured. Regional cerebral perfusion was also assessed.ResultsA total of 255 women were included in the final analysis. Of these, 36.1% (92/255) of women reported no obstructive sleep apnoea symptoms; 63.9% (163/255) reported they experienced some form of obstructive sleep apnoea symptoms that included any frequency of snoring or choking/gasping, while 42.0% (107/255) complained of severe obstructive sleep apnoea symptoms (snoring ≥ 3 times a week or choking/gasping). There were no significant differences in feto‐placental Dopplers or fetal cardiac function parameters in women with obstructive sleep apnoea symptoms. There were also no differences in regional cerebral blood flow between groups, or any correlation with severity of symptoms.ConclusionsOur data challenge the current perspective that adverse perinatal outcomes in women with obstructive sleep apnoea symptoms are related primarily to placental dysfunction and fetal compromise.
Children’s exposure to psychological abuse and neglect: A population‐based study in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Md Atiqul , Moniruzzaman Syed , Janson Staffan , Rahman AKM Fazlur , Mashreky Saidur Rahman , Eriksson Ulla‐Britt 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimWe aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of child psychological abuse and neglect in a rural area of Bangladesh.MethodsData were obtained from interviewing 1416 children aged 11‐17 years administering the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Child Abuse Screening Tool for Children between March and April 2017. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate the risks of child psychological abuse and neglect.ResultsThe prevalence rates of at least one form of psychological abuse both in the past year and lifetime were more than 97 per cent. Moreover, the rates of at least one form of neglect were about 58 per cent during the past year and 78 per cent over lifetime. Living separately from parents posed children to significant risks of neglect and psychological abuse. Working children and greater number of siblings in a family were risk factors for neglect, whereas witnessing family violence and being bullied were risk factors for psychological abuse. Children with more years of schooling experienced less neglect and psychological abuse.ConclusionThe high prevalence of child psychological abuse and neglect in this study shows child maltreatment as an ignored issue in Bangladesh.
Control‐value theory in the context of teaching: does teaching quality moderate relations between academic self‐concept and achievement emotions?
Authors: Lazarides Rebecca , Raufelder Diana 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundStudents’ self‐concept of ability is an important predictor of their achievement emotions. However, little is known about how learning environments affect these interrelations.AimsReferring to Pekrun’s control‐value theory, this study investigated whether teacher‐reported teaching quality at the classroom level would moderate the relation between student‐level mathematics self‐concept at the beginning of the school year and students’ achievement emotions at the middle of the school year.SampleData of 807 ninth and tenth graders (53.4% girls) and their mathematics teachers (58.1% male) were analysed.MethodStudents and teachers completed questionnaires at the beginning of the school year and at the middle of the school year. Multi‐level modelling and cross‐level interaction analyses were used to examine the longitudinal relations between self‐concept, teacher‐perceived teaching quality, and achievement emotions as well as potential interaction effects.ResultsMathematics self‐concept significantly and positively related to enjoyment in mathematics and negatively related to anxiety. Teacher‐reported structuredness decreased students’ anxiety. Mathematics self‐concept only had a significant and positive effect on students’ enjoyment at high levels of teacher‐reported cognitive activation and at high levels of structuredness.ConclusionsHigh teaching quality can be seen as a resource that strengthens the positive relations between academic self‐concept and positive achievement emotions.
Incidence and survival of multiple myeloma: a population‐based study of 10 524 patients diagnosed 1982–2017
Authors: Langseth Øystein O. , Myklebust Tor Å. , Johannesen Tom B. , Hjertner Øyvind , Waage Anders 
Published: May 2020

SummaryPopulation‐based studies from high‐quality nationwide cancer registries provide an important alternative to clinical trials in the assessment of the impact of modern myeloma treatment. Based on data from the Cancer Registry of Norway, we investigated trends in incidence and relative survival (RS) for 10 524 patients in three age groups diagnosed between 1982 and 2017. Nationwide myeloma drug consumption statistics were obtained from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Patients aged <65 years had a steady increase in both 5‐ and 10‐year RS across all calendar periods from 1982. For patients aged 65–79 years, RS was stable until the calendar period 1998–2002, followed by an improvement in both 5‐ and 10‐year RS. The 5‐year RS for patients aged ≥80 years also increased significantly between the first and the last calendar period. In conclusion, we demonstrate a significant improvement in 5‐year RS in all age groups. Improved RS in patients aged ≥80 years at the time of diagnosis is only rarely described in other population‐based studies. For patients aged ≥65 years, the improvement in RS coincides with the introduction of modern drugs, whereas patients aged <65 years had an ongoing improvement before the introduction of autologous stem‐cell transplant.
Nuclear magnetic resonance‐based tissue metabolomic analysis clarifies molecular mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis
Authors: Gu Jinping , Huang Caihua , Hu Xiaomin , Xia Jinmei , Shao Wei , Lin Donghai 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, and the progression of gastric carcinogenesis (GCG) covers multiple complicated pathological stages. Molecular mechanisms of GCG are still unclear. Here, we undertook NMR‐based metabolomic analysis of aqueous metabolites extracted from gastric tissues in an established rat model of GCG. We showed that the metabolic profiles were clearly distinguished among 5 histologically classified groups: control, gastritis, low‐grade gastric dysplasia, high‐grade gastric dysplasia (HGD), and GC. Furthermore, we carried out metabolic pathway analysis based on identified significant metabolites and revealed significantly disturbed metabolic pathways closely associated with the 4 pathological stages, including oxidation stress, choline phosphorylation, amino acid metabolism, Krebs cycle, and glycolysis. Three metabolic pathways were continually disturbed during the progression of GCG, including taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, glutamine and glutamate metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. Both the Krebs cycle and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism were profoundly impaired in both the HGD and GC stages, potentially due to abnormal energy supply for tumor cell proliferation and growth. Furthermore, valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis and glycolysis were significantly disturbed in the GC stage for higher energy requirement of the rapid growth of tumor cells. Additionally, we identified potential gastric tissue biomarkers for metabolically discriminating the 4 pathological stages, which also showed good discriminant capabilities for their serum counterparts. This work sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of GCG and is of benefit to the exploration of potential biomarkers for clinically diagnosing and monitoring the progression of GCG.
A novel method for measurement of the recto‐anal inhibitory reflex using anal acoustic reflectometry
Authors: Heywood N. A. , Sharma A. , Kiff E. S. , Klarskov N. , Telford K. J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThe recto‐anal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) is currently measured using manometry catheters, which potentially distort the anal canal. Anal acoustic reflectometry (AAR) is considered to be a catheter‐free technique and primarily measures the function of the internal anal sphincter. We sought to determine if RAIR could be measured using AAR.MethodPatients aged 18 and over attending the hospital for investigation of pelvic floor dysfunction were included. AAR parameters were obtained before (prerectal distension) and after (postrectal distension) inflation of a rectal balloon catheter with 100 ml of air. Minimum opening pressure (Op, cmH2O), opening elastance (Oe, cmH2O/mm2), closing pressure (Cp, cmH2O), closing elastance (Ce, cmH2O/mm2) and hysteresis (Hys, %) were recorded. The presence of RAIR was defined by a reduction of prerectal distension Op by 20% or more.ResultsThirty‐two patients were included, 26 of whom were women. The mean age of patients was 57.5 years (SD 11.3 years). Nine patients had faecal incontinence, six patients had obstructive defaecation and 17 patients had both. RAIR was seen in 30/32 patients. The mean reduction in Op was 58.8% (range −59.18% to 100%). Three patients had 100% reduction. Comparison of pre‐ and post‐RAIR parameters showed a significant difference in Op (34.44 vs 15.41, P < 0.0001), Oe (1.39 vs 1.1, P = 0.004), Cp (20.06 vs 8.00, P < 0.0001) and Ce (1.31 vs 1.13, P < 0.0001) but not Hys (39.71 vs 39.90, P = 0.88).ConclusionWe describe a novel method for the measurement of RAIR. Rectal distension appears to alter resting pressure and the resistance of the anal canal to opening and closing, with complete inhibition of the sphincter complex in three patients.
Donor thyroid hormone therapy is associated with an increased risk of graft dysfunction after heart transplantation
Authors: Peled Yael , Lavee Jacob , Kassif Yigal , Arad Michael , Kogan Alexander , Peled Amir , Tirosh Amir , Sternik Leonid , Ram Eilon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveHeart transplantation (HT) is uniquely associated with the potential impact of thyroid hormone therapy at three intersecting levels—donor, operation, and recipient. We aimed to study the effect of thyroid hormone therapy of the donor on primary graft dysfunction (PGD).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on 209 HT recipients assessed from 1997 to 2018; for 33 of the recipients, the donors had received T4 (DT4 group), and for 176, the donors had not (NoDT4 group). The primary endpoint was PGD defined according to the International Society for Heart and Lung consensus statement.ResultsBoth the incidence (58% vs 35%, P = .022) and the severity of PGD (42% vs 25% moderate/severe, P = .007) were significantly higher in the DT4 recipients. Multivariable analysis showed donor T4 therapy to be independently associated with a ~3.5‐fold increased risk for PGD (OR = 3.44, 95% CI 1.26‐9.86). These results remained consistent after propensity score analysis.ConclusionsDonor thyroid hormone therapy is independently associated with an increased risk of PGD. Hypothesizing a “withdrawal effect” as the cause, we suggest that administration of thyroid hormone to the recipient at time of reperfusion could counter this negative effect. Prospective studies are needed to validate this hypothesis‐generating study.
Pre‐release packing and chilling reduce host‐searching ability of the parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata used in the augmentative control of tephritid flies
Authors: Cancino Jorge , Mazariegos Diana , Pérez César , Ayala Amanda , Díaz‐Fleischer Francisco , Leal‐Mubarqui Rubén , Angulo Roberto 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDiachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a solitary parasitoid used in augmentative releases to control Tephritidae (Diptera) fruit flies of economic importance. Pre‐release process includes packing adult parasitoids in cages at high densities and expose them to a temperature of 2 ± 2 °C during 105 min. In this process, females’ antennae may be damaged resulting in a reduction in their host‐searching ability and fecundity. Here we measured, for five consecutive days after chilling, the searching ability and fecundity of parasitoids with damaged (D) and undamaged (ND) antennae compared with parasitoids that were not chilled. Female individual responses to fruit infested by Anastrepha spp. was determined in an olfactometer. Latency in the response and latency in making a choice were recorded. Additionally, groups of 30 females were used to measure their ability to find hosts in infested fruit in the laboratory. Fecundity was determined by using artificial oviposition units with Anastrepha ludens (Loew) larvae. In the olfactometer test, ND had lower response than control females during the 1st and 2nd days after chilling. However, no difference in the response was observed between ND and D and the control females on the 5th day. Additionally, chilled females showed a longer latency of response to infested fruit than females of the control treatment when tested in groups. However, after a 24–48 h period, no difference between D and ND and control females was observed. Our results showed similar searching ability and fecundity among parasitoids of the three tested conditions at individual and at group levels. We conclude that pre‐release chilling reduces female searching ability only for the first 1–2 days after chilling.