bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of the Clients’ Perceptions of Providers’ Cultural Competency Instrument
Authors: Pacquiao Dula F. , Katz Janet R. , Sattler Victoria , Zha Peijia , Daub Katharyn F. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: This study developed and validated the Clients’ Perceptions of Providers’ Cultural Competency instrument. Method: A sequential exploratory mixed design identified three constructs derived from the studies of Leininger and others. Constructs were compared with publications on cultural competency. A panel of experts reviewed for content validity. Results: Three hundred and nine mostly Asians and Native Hawaiians completed the questionnaire. Twenty-two items with item-to-total correlation coefficients >.2 were retained. Overall instrument Cronbach’s alpha was .89. Construct validity demonstrated the three constructs accounted for 49.6% of variance supported by distinct items with Cronbach’s alphas of .82, .83, and .76, respectively. Preliminary criterion validity revealed no statistically significant differences in scores based on the location of services received or race/ethnicity. Discussion: The Clients’ Perceptions of Providers’ Cultural Competency instrument is congruent with nursing principles of equity and justice by measuring provider cultural competency from a client’s perspective. Active client engagement in care contributes to transcultural nursing’s goals to improve health equity.
Risk factors for central retinal vein occlusion in young adults
Authors: Chen Tony Y. , Uppuluri Aditya , Zarbin Marco A. , Bhagat Neelakshi 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: Several risk factors have been identified for central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in older population. CRVO in young is uncommon, and the risk factors for this group are unclear. This large retrospective, cross-sectional study used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to evaluate the risk factors for CRVO in patients 18 to 40 years of age. Methods: The 2002 to 2014 NIS database was used. All patients 18 to 40 years of age with a primary diagnosis of CRVO were identified. Age- and gender-matched non-CRVO controls were randomly selected. The primary outcome was identification of risk factors for CRVO. Chi-square analysis and Firth logistic regression were performed with IBM SPSS 23 and R packages versions 3.4.3, respectively. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 95 weighted young CRVO patients were identified. The average age was 31.44 ± 6.41 years with no gender predilection. Systemic and ocular conditions found to have statistically significant associations with CRVO included primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) (OR 836.72, p < 0.001), retinal vasculitis (OR 705.82, p < 0.001), pseudotumor cerebri (OR 35.94, p < 0.001), hypercoagulable state (OR 25.25, p < 0.001), history of deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (DVT/PE) (OR 21.88, p < 0.001), and hyperlipidemia (OR 3.60, p = 0.003). Conclusion: The most significant risk factors for CRVO in young adults were POAG, retinal vasculitis, and pseudotumor cerebri. Hypercoagulable states and DVT/PE were also associated with CRVO in this population. Systemic inflammatory conditions were not associated with CRVO. Traditional risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes did not pose significant risks, whereas hyperlipidemia was deemed a significant risk factor.
Giant osteomas: Clinical results and surgical approach from ophthalmic point of view
Authors: Sendul Selam Yekta , Mavi Yildiz Aysegul , Yildiz Ali Atakhan 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To present clinical ocular manifestations, radiological features and surgical results of giant paranasal osteomas involving the orbit. Design: Retrospective, interventional, case series Methods: The study included patients treated for giant paranasal osteoma involving the orbit. Total or subtotal excision of the tumor was performed via external approach. Clinical characteristics including presenting symptoms, radiologic investigation, histopathology and details of the surgery were recorded. Results: Of the six patients included; four were male and two were female. Mean age was 46.8 years (range 12–70 years). Five patients had unilateral, one patient had bileteral disease. The presenting complaints included complete ( n = 2/6) or partial ( n = 4/6) limitation of eye movements depending on the location and size of the tumor, diplopia ( n = 5/6), vision loss ( n = 2/6) exophthalmos ( n = 6/6) and reduced pupillary light reflex ( n = 2/6). The presumed origin of the tumor was frontoethmoidal region ( n = 2/6), frontal sinus ( n = 3/6) and ethmoid sinus ( n = 1/6). Total resection was achieved in three of the patients whereas partial resection was achieved in remaining three patients due to risk of incremental neurological damage. Mild ptosis was observed in all patients during the postoperative period (temporary, n = 4; permanent, n = 2). Conclusion: Despite the benign nature of osteomas, severe functional impairment including vision loss due to compression of the optic nerve and diplopia might occur in case of orbital involvement. Osteomas with an orbital extension > %50 of the bony orbit volume are more prone to cause irreversible visual loss. Surgical resection is still the mainstay of therapy.
Inflammatory cytokines, oxidative and antioxidative stress levels in patients with diabetic macular edema and hyperreflective spots
Authors: Sabaner Mehmet Cem , Akdogan Muberra , Doğan Mustafa , Oral Ayse Yesim , Duman Resat , Koca Tulay , Bozkurt Erhan 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: To determine the levels of serum oxidative, antioxidative markers and inflammatory cytokines in patients diagnosed with diabetic macular edema (DME) whose hyperreflective spots (HRS) were detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional clinical study included a total of 88 patients; 31 patients (group-1) with DME and HRS detected by OCT, 29 patients (group-2) with DME without HRS, and 28 patients (group-3) diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) without any diabetic retinopathy findings. The main outcomes were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), CMT (central macular thickness), CMV (central macular volume), TMV (total macular volume), CT (choroidal thickness), serum TAS (total antioxidant status), TOS (total oxidant status), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), FGF (fibroblast growth factor) and IL-1b levels. OCT parameters and biochemical measurements were compared statistically between the three groups. Results: A total of 88 patients (43 females (48.9%) and 45 males (51.1%)) were included in the study. The mean age was 56.29 ± 9.23 years. There was no difference between the three groups in age-and-sex. In group-1 and 2, BCVA(LogMAR) was statistically higher than group 3. CMT, CMV, TMV, TAS, TOS, VEGF and FGF were significantly higher in group-1 than in group-3. CMT, CMV, TMV, VEGF and FGF were significantly higher in group-2 than group 3. TOS and VEGF were significantly higher in group-1 than group-2. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that in patients with DME and HRS, TOS and VEGF levels were higher than those without HRS. Hence, hyperreflective spots may be an inflammatory biomarker.
Kojic acid enhances the proliferation of human corneal epithelial cells via p38 and p21 signaling pathways
Authors: Wei Xi , Du Lingling , Sun Liyao , Wang Chao , Song Fanqian , Qian Hua , Li Xiaoguang , Guo Xin , Tang Xianling , Liu Ping 
Published: October 2020

Purpose: Treatment of corneal injury depends on the self-proliferation ability of human corneal epithelial cells (HCEp). Our previous study revealed kojic acid had the anti-senescence function on human corneal endothelial cells. In this study, we researched the enhancive proliferation effect of kojic acid in HCEp. Methods: Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. The expression of proliferation-related protein was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence assay. Results: Kojic acid could enhance HCEp proliferation, characterized by promoting cell proliferation rate, decreasing the expression levels of p21, galectin 8 and ki67, and increasing that of p-p38. The p38 signaling pathway inhibitor, SB203580, could reverse the enhancive proliferation function of kojic acid. Furthermore, knockdown of p21 had similar enhancive proliferation effect to kojic acid. Conclusion: Kojic acid might enhance HCEp proliferation through p38 and p21 signaling pathways, potentially via reduced expression levels of galectin 8 and ki67. Hence, kojic acid might be a potential drug to accelerate the healing of corneal epithelial injury.
Developing Employee Resilience: The Role of Leader-Facilitated Emotion Management
Authors: Richard Erin M. 
Published: October 2020

The Problem To create resilient organizations, Human Resource Development (HRD) must foster the conditions (both internal and external to the employee) that enable learning and development in the face of adversity. Yet the experience of adversity produces intense negative emotions that threaten learning and development. Resilience building programs typically focus on building resources internal to the worker (e.g., self-efficacy, optimism) as a means of buffering against the negative effects of future stressors, but considerably less focus is placed on supporting others in their attempts to cope. Additionally, the role of leadership in promoting follower resilience has received limited attention. The Solution This article begins by summarizing the role of emotion and emotion regulation in recent literature on employee resilience. Toward that goal, a literature search was conducted for reviews and theoretical models of employee resilience published in peer-reviewed journals over the past 10 years. Next, emerging scholarship on interpersonal emotion management (IEM) is introduced, with a focus on its application in work and leadership contexts. The argument is made that leaders are in a unique position to promote resilience in their followers, through the promotion of positive emotional states and through the mitigation of the negative emotional states that accompany adversity. As such, developing IEM skills in both resilience training and leadership development programs should increase employee resilience. The Stakeholders Leaders, scholars, and HRD professionals interested in promoting employee resilience and developing effective leaders will benefit from this application of interpersonal emotion management concepts to the topic of employee resilience.
Conditioned Pain Modulation Decreases Over Time in Patients With Neuropathic Pain Following a Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Gagné Martin , Côté Isabelle , Boulet Mélanie , Jutzeler Catherine R. , Kramer John L. K. , Mercier Catherine 
Published: October 2020

Background Neuropathic pain is a major problem following spinal cord injury (SCI). Central mechanisms involved in the modulation of nociceptive signals have been shown to be altered at the chronic stage, and it has been hypothesized that they might play a role in the development of chronic pain. Objective This prospective longitudinal study aimed to describe the evolution of pain modulation mechanisms over time after SCI, and to explore the relationships with the presence of clinical (neuropathic and musculoskeletal) pain. Methods Patients with an SCI were assessed on admission (n = 35; average of 38 days postinjury) and discharge (n = 25; average of 131 days postinjury) using the International Spinal Cord Injury Pain Basic Data Set. Conditioned pain modulation was assessed using the cold pressor test (10 °C; 120 s) as the conditioning stimulus and tonic heat pain, applied above the level of injury, as the test stimulus (120 s). Heat pain threshold was also assessed. Results A marked decrease in the efficacy of conditioned pain modulation was observed over time, with 30.2% of inhibition at admission and only 12.9% at discharge on average ( P = .010). This decrease was observed only in patients already suffering from neuropathic pain at admission and was not explained by a general increase in sensitivity to thermal nociceptive stimuli. Conclusion These results suggest that the presence of neuropathic pain leads to a decrease in conditioned pain modulation over time, rather than supporting the hypothesis that inefficient conditioned pain modulation mechanisms are leading to the development of neuropathic pain.
Automated Indentation Demonstrates Structural Stiffness of Femoral Articular Cartilage and Temporomandibular Joint Mandibular Condylar Cartilage Is Altered in FgF2KO Mice
Authors: Woods Paige S. , Morin Alyssa A. , Chen Po-Jung , Mahonski Sarah , Xiao Liping , Hurley Marja , Yadav Sumit , Schmidt Tannin A. 
Published: October 2020

Objective Employ an automated indentation technique, using a commercially available machine, to assess the effect of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) expression on structural stiffness over the surface of both murine femoral articular cartilage (AC) and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC). Design Experiments were performed using 3-month-old female homozygote Fgf2KO mice with wild type (WT) littermates. After euthanization, isolated mandibles and hindlimbs were either processed for histology or subjected to automated indentation on a Biomomentum Mach-1 v500csst with a 3-axis motion controller in a phosphate buffered saline bath using a 0.3 mm spherical tip indenter. The effect of indentation depth on normal force was characterized, then structural stiffness was calculated and mapped at multiple positions on the AC and MCC. Results Automated indentation of the AC and TMJ MCC was successfully completed and was able to demonstrate both regional variation in structural stiffness and differences between WT and Fgf2KO mice. Structural stiffness values for Fgf2KO AC were significantly smaller than WT at both the medial/anterior ( P < 0.05) and medial/posterior ( P < 0.05) positions. Global Fgf2KO also lead to a decrease in MCC thickness of the TMJ compared with WT ( P < 0.05) and increased structural stiffness values for Fgf2KO at both the posterior and anterior location ( P < 0.05). Conclusions Automated indentation spatially resolved differences in structural stiffness between WT and Fgf2KO tissue, demonstrating FGF2 expression affects femoral AC and TMJ MCC. This quantitative method will provide a valuable approach for functional characterization of cartilage tissues in murine models relevant to knee joint and TMJ health and disease.
Right ventriculo–pulmonary arterial uncoupling and poor outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Nakaya Toshitaka , Ohira Hiroshi , Sato Takahiro , Watanabe Taku , Nishimura Masaharu , Oyama‐Manabe Noriko , Kato Masaru , Ito Yoichi M. , Tsujino Ichizo 
Published: October 2020

Right ventricular function critically affects the prognosis of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. We aimed to analyze the prognostic value of right ventricular indices calculated using magnetic resonance imaging and right heart catheterization metrics in pulmonary arterial hypertension. We retrospectively collected data from 57 Japanese patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and 18 controls and calculated six indices of right ventricular function: two indices of contractility (end‐systolic elastance calculated with right ventricular maximum pressure and with magnetic resonance imaging metrics); two indices of right ventricular–pulmonary arterial coupling (end‐systolic elastance/arterial elastance calculated with the pressure method (end‐systolic elastance/arterial elastance (P)) and with the volume method (end‐systolic elastance/arterial elastance (V)); and two indices of right ventricular diastolic function (stiffness (β) and end‐diastolic elastance). We compared the indices between controls and patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and examined their prognostic role. In patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, end‐systolic elastance (right ventricular maximum pressure) was higher (pulmonary arterial hypertension 0.94 (median) vs control 0.42 (mmHg/mL), p < 0.001), end‐systolic elastance/arterial elastance (V) was lower (pulmonary arterial hypertension 0.72 vs control 1.69, p < 0.001), and β and end‐diastolic elastance were significantly higher than those in the controls. According to the log‐rank test, end‐systolic elastance/arterial elastance (P) and end‐diastolic elastance were significantly associated with the composite event rate. According to the multivariate Cox regression analysis, decreased end‐systolic elastance/arterial elastance (P) was associated with a higher composite event rate (hazard ratio 11.510, 95% confidence interval: 1.954–67.808). In conclusion, an increased right ventricular contractility, diastolic dysfunction, and a trend of impaired right ventricular–pulmonary arterial coupling were observed in our pulmonary arterial hypertension cohort. According to the multivariate outcome analysis, a decreased end‐systolic elastance/arterial elastance (P), suggestive of impaired right ventricular–pulmonary arterial coupling, best predicted the pulmonary arterial hypertension‐related event.
Atraumatic Restorative Treatments in Australian Aboriginal Communities: A Cluster-randomized Trial
Authors: Arrow P. , Piggott S. , Carter S. , McPhee R. , Atkinson D. , Mackean T. , Kularatna S. , Tonmukayakul U. , Brennan D. , Nanda S. , Palmer D. , Jamieson L. 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: The management of early childhood caries (ECC) is challenging. Objectives: A model of care based on Atraumatic Restorative Treatment and the Hall Technique (ART-HT) to manage ECC was evaluated among remote Aboriginal communities in Australia. Methods: Aboriginal communities in the North-West of Western Australia were invited to participate and consenting communities were randomized into early or delayed intervention for the management of ECC. Children were examined at baseline and at the 11-mo follow-up. The early intervention group (test) was provided with the ART-based dental care at baseline while the delayed intervention group (control) was advised to seek care through the usual care options available within the community. At follow-up, both groups were examined by calibrated examiners, and were offered care using the ART-HT approach. Changes from baseline to follow-up in caries experience were tested using paired tests. Multivariate analysis after multiple imputation of missing data used generalised estimating equation (GEE) controlling for clustering within communities. Results: A total of 25 communities and 338 children (mean age = 3.6 y, SD 1.7) participated in the study (test = 177). At follow-up, 231 children were examined (68% retention, test = 125). At follow-up, children in the test group had more filled teeth (test filled teeth = 1.2, control filled teeth = 0.2, P < 0.001) and decreased levels of decayed teeth (mean test = 0.7 fewer teeth with decay, mean control = 1.0 more tooth with decay, P < 0.001). GEE analysis controlled for baseline caries experience, age, sex, and community water fluoride levels found increased rates of untreated decayed teeth (RR = 1.4, P = 0.02) and decreased rates of filled teeth (RR = 0.2, P < 0.001) at follow-up among the control group. Conclusion: A model of care relying on the principles of minimally invasive atraumatic approaches enabled the delivery of effective dental services to young children (<6 y) in remote Aboriginal Australian communities resulting in increased levels of care and improved oral health. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This cluster-randomized trial tested a multi-component model of dental care to young children with ECC in remote Aboriginal communities in Australia. The intervention, based on the atraumatic approaches using minimally invasive techniques encompassing preventive care, Atraumatic Restorative Treatment and the Hall Technique (ART-HT), delivered more restorative care and reduced the incidence of caries. This model of care was more effective than available standard care and should be incorporated into mainstream service delivery programs.
Occupational exposures to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sahiledengle Biniyam , Tekalegn Yohannes , Woldeyohannes Demelash , Quisido Bruce John Edward 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Occupational exposure to blood and body fluids is a major risk factor for the transmission of blood-borne infections to healthcare workers. There are several primary studies in Ethiopia yet they might not be at the national level to quantify the extent of occupational blood and body fluid exposures (splash of blood or other body fluids into the eyes, nose, or mouth) or blood contact with non-intact skin among the healthcare workers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of occupational blood and body fluid exposure of healthcare workers in Ethiopia.

Methods
PubMed, Science Direct, Hinari, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched; withal, the references of appended articles were also checked for further possible sources. The Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity of the included studies. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers in Ethiopia.

Results
Of the 641 articles identified through the database search, 36 studies were included in the final analysis. The estimated pooled lifetime and 12-month prevalence on occupational exposure to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers were found to be at 54.95% (95% confidence interval (CI), 48.25–61.65) and 44.24% (95% CI, 36.98-51.51), respectively. The study identified a variation in healthcare workers who were exposed to blood and body fluids across Ethiopian regions.

Conclusion
The finding of the present study revealed that there was a high level of annual and lifetime exposures to blood and body fluids among healthcare workers in Ethiopia.
The effect of Kinesio taping on cervical proprioception in athletes with mechanical neck pain—a placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Alahmari Khalid A. , Reddy Ravi Shankar , Tedla Jaya Shanker , Samuel Paul Silvian , Kakaraparthi Venkata Nagaraj , Rengaramanujam Kanagaraj , Ahmed Irshad 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeck proprioception is critical in maintaining neuromuscular control in and around cervical joints. Kinesio™ tape may assist in rehabilitating joint position sense. The current study compares Kinesio™ tape’s effects versus a placebo on proprioception in college athletes experiencing mechanical neck pain.MethodsThis study randomized sixty-six athletes with mechanical neck pain into a Kinesio™ tape group (n = 33, mean age = 22.73 years) or placebo group (n = 33, mean age = 23.15 years). The Kinesio™ tape group received standard Kinesio™ taping applications with appropriate tension, while the placebo group received taping applications without tension. Outcome measures: The study assessed cervical joint position errors with a cervical range-of-motion (CROM) device, pain intensity with a visual analog scale (VAS), and neck functional disability with a neck disability index (NDI). It tested joint position errors through cervical flexion, extension, rotation left, and rotation right. All the outcome measures were recorded at the baseline and twice more following 3 and 7 days of tape applications.ResultsMultivariate analysis of variance test demonstrated a significant reduction in joint position errors in flexion, extension and right rotation following 3 days and 7 days of tape application among the Kinesio™ tape group. There was a significant main effect of time (P < 0.05) for joint position errors in left rotation and VAS after 3 days (p > 0.05), NDI after 3 and 7 days (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe Kinesio™ tape application after 3 and 7 days effectively decreased joint position errors and neck pain intensity in mechanical neck pain participants compared to placebo, while there was no difference between both groups in the NDI.Trial registration(CTRI/2011/07/001925). This study was retrospectively registered on the 27th July, 2011.Level of evidenceIIB