bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between gingival bleeding and associated factors with reports of verbal bullying in adolescents
Authors: Baldo Moraes Renita , Knorst Jessica Klöckner , Brondani Bruna , Baldo Marques Beatriz , de Sousa Reis Magda , Henriqson Denise , Ardenghi Thiago Machado 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundDentofacial features are related to increased bullying episodes in young people. The aim of this study was to assess the association between gingival bleeding and reports of verbal bullying among adolescents.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study conducted with a representative sample of 608 12‐year‐old adolescents from southern Brazil. The occurrence of verbal bullying was verified through adolescents' self‐report. Oral health measurements included the presence of gingival bleeding, dental fracture, dental fluorosis, and dental caries experience. Gingival bleeding was assessed through adolescent self‐perception by the following question: “Did you notice any bleeding in your gums?” Demographic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial variables were also evaluated. Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to evaluate the influence of gingival bleeding on the occurrence of verbal bullying. Results are presented as prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI).ResultsOut of 608 adolescents evaluated, 577 answered bullying questions. The prevalence of self‐reported verbal bullying was 12.8%. Adolescents who presented gingival bleeding had an 80% higher prevalence of verbal bullying than their counterparts (PR 1.80; 95% CI 1.01 ‐3.19). Dental shame, speech difficulties and influence of dental condition on studies also impacted the higher prevalence of bullying.ConclusionOur results suggest that the presence of gingival bleeding negatively impacts the social life of adolescents, causing more episodes of verbal bullying. These findings encourage public health policies aimed at reducing oral health inequities, thus reflecting on the well‐being and quality of life of this target population.
Design and analysis of an 8‐element dipole array for passive coherent location systems
Authors: Wang Sungsik , Hur Jun , Jang Doyoung , Shim Hongsuk , Anh Junil , Choo Hosung 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis article deals with a design and analysis of an 8‐element dipole array for passive coherent location (PCL) systems. The array is composed of eight identical dipole elements that are arranged at a radius of 0.5λ0 from the center to the elements. To verify the performance for the PCL system, the array is fabricated and measured in an outdoor test site. Array performances such as the antenna gain, peak to side lobe ratio (PSLR), half‐power beam width (HPBW), null width, and null depth are then analyzed. The results demonstrate that the proposed array has beam pattern characteristics suitable for PCL systems.
Design of antennas using artificial magnetic conductor layer to improve gain, flexibility, and specific absorption rate
Authors: Hazarika Bidisha , Basu Banani , Nandi Arnab 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this article, two miniaturized, dual‐band, enhanced gain, flexible, low specific absorption rate (SAR) artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) integrated antennas operating at 2.4 GHz ISM and 3.9 GHz WiMAX bands have been proposed. Two compact monopoles with defected stepped ground structures have been used to improve the radiation characteristics while integrated with a common AMC surface. Defected dumbbell shaped unit‐cell has been designed to obtain zero reflection phase and modify the material features. The capacitive effect of the AMC along with the defected stepped ground structures of the monopoles have excited two resonating bands and miniaturized the antennas. Proposed AMC has compensated the out‐of‐phase radiation toward main beam direction to increase the gain up to 8.6 dB, which is 85% more than that of the only monopole. The AMC has enhanced the reflectance exploiting the double‐negative property and made the emitted radiation more directives. The integrated antennas have bestowed robust impedance matching in various bent condition by virtue of in phase reflection property. SAR values have been suppressed significantly up to 0.021 W/kg at a distance 5 mm from the human body, which is 99.5% better than that of the monopole alone
An active learning tool for quantitative genetics instruction using R and shiny
Authors: Neyhart Jeffrey L. , Watkins Eric 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBasic quantitative and population genetics topics are typically taught in introductory plant breeding courses and are critical for success in upper‐level study. Active learning, including simulations and games, may be useful for instruction of these concepts, which rely heavily on theory and may be more challenging for students. The statistical computing language R is now routinely used in the analysis of plant breeding experiments, but the command‐line interface of the language may be unsuitable for an introductory course. Here we describe qgshiny (quantitative genetics in shiny), an interactive application for performing simulations to understand basic theory in quantitative and population genetics. The initial version of the application includes modules on three core topics in quantitative genetics: randomly mating populations, genetic variance, and response to selection. Students can specify parameters and initiate simulations to assess their impact on responses such as allele frequency, genetic variance, and genetic gain, which together can be used to reinforce more general learning objectives. Feedback collected from students after engaging with the application suggests this tool can have a positive impact on student learning. The application is bundled in an R package, qgshiny, which is available through the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN), on GitHub (https://github.com/neyhartj/qgshiny), or interactively through the shinyapps.io platform (http://neyhartj.shinyapps.io/qgshiny).
ADAM10 mediates ectopic proximal tubule development and renal fibrosis through Notch signalling
Authors: Li Bingjue , Zhu Chaohong , Dong Lihua , Qin Jing , Xiang Wenyu , Davidson Alan J , Feng Shi , Wang Yucheng , Shen Xiujin , Weng Chunhua , Wang Cuili , Zhu Tingting , Teng Lisha , Wang Junwen , Englert Christoph , Chen Jianghua , Jiang Hong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDisturbed intrauterine development increases the risk of renal disease. Various studies have reported that Notch signalling plays a significant role in kidney development and kidney diseases. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10), an upstream protease of the Notch pathway, is also reportedly involved in renal fibrosis. However, how ADAM10 interacts with the Notch pathway and causes renal fibrosis is not fully understood. In this study, using a prenatal chlorpyrifos (CPF) exposure mouse model, we investigated the role of the ADAM10/Notch axis in kidney development and fibrosis. We found that prenatal CPF‐exposure mice presented overexpression of Adam10, Notch1 and Notch2, and led to premature depletion of Six2+ nephron progenitors and ectopic formation of proximal tubules (PTs) in the embryonic kidney. These abnormal phenotypic changes persisted in mature kidneys due to the continuous activation of ADAM10/Notch and showed aggravated renal fibrosis in adults. Finally, both ADAM10 and NOTCH2 expression were positively correlated with the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis in IgA nephropathy patients, and increased ADAM10 expression was negatively correlated with decreased kidney function evaluated by serum creatinine, cystatin C, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Regression analysis also indicated that ADAM10 expression was an independent risk factor for fibrosis in IgAN. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Isolated echogenic intracardiac foci and the role of cell‐free fetal DNA: A cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Hacker Francis M , Hersh Alyssa R , Shaffer Brian L , Caughey Aaron B 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesCell‐free fetal DNA (cfDNA) has been increasingly incorporated into prenatal aneuploidy screening paradigms given its relatively high sensitivity for Down syndrome (DS). This is often the case when fetal ultrasonographic soft markers are present, such as the relatively common echogenic intracardiac focus (EIF). We sought to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of a screening strategy that included cfDNA screening when an isolated EIF is identified in a low‐risk population with prior aneuploidy screening.MethodsA decision‐analytic model was constructed using TreeAge software with probabilities derived from the literature. Our model compared cfDNA screening following isolated EIF detection in women less than 35 years with prior reassuring first trimester screen compared to a strategy of no further aneuploidy screening. Strategies were compared to generate an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio with a threshold of $100 000/quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) and applied to a theoretical cohort.ResultsThe cfDNA strategy resulted in 21 fewer DS births and 52 additional QALYs, however, increased costs by $51.3 million. This yielded an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of $986 503; therefore, it was not a cost‐effective strategy.ConclusionIn a low‐risk population with prior reassuring aneuploidy screening, it is not cost effective to offer cfDNA after identification of an isolated EIF.
Spasticity Management in Persons with Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: Zhang Bei , Karri Jay , O'Brien Katherine , DiTommaso Craig , Kothari Sunil , Li Sheng 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionSpasticity is one of the most frequent neurological impairments affecting persons with disorders of consciousness (DoC). If left untreated, it can mask signs of consciousness by inhibiting one's ability to interact with the environment. The lack of information about spasticity specific to patients with DoC may result in insufficient or even inappropriate treatment.ObjectiveTo report spasticity characteristics and management in a large dedicated DoC rehabilitation program.DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingAn inpatient rehabilitation hospital.ParticipantsPatients admitted to the DoC rehabilitation program from 1 January 2014 to 31 October 2018.Main Outcome MeasurementsSpasticity characteristics; impact of interventions on spasticity as well as other clinical measures.ResultsA total of 146 patients were included, of whom 95.2% were affected by spasticity; 52.7% had spasticity affecting all four limbs. The most commonly affected muscle groups were shoulder internal rotators (72.6%) in the upper extremity and ankle plantar flexors (59.8%) in the lower extremity. The more commonly affected muscle groups were also more spastic (R = 0.993 and 0.989 in the upper and lower extremity, respectively; P < .01). Atypical posture patterns were also commonly observed, making positioning difficult. Chemoneurolytic injections (botulinum toxin and/or phenol) were performed in over 69.9% patients, and 26.7% had intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pump placement. All patients received individualized physical modalities and therapies. With focal managements, systemic spasmolytic medications, including enteral baclofen, were reduced by at least 50.0%, which appeared to be associated with improvements in the level of consciousness.ConclusionsAlmost all DoC patients were affected by spasticity, often to a moderate or severe degree. Extensive use of focal spasticity interventions allowed for weaning of systemic spasmolytic medications, which seemed to result in improvements in the level of consciousness.
Operationalizing patient‐centered cancer care: A systematic review and synthesis of the qualitative literature on cancer patients' needs, values, and preferences
Authors: Mitchell Kerri‐Anne R. , Brassil Kelly J. , Rodriguez Serena A. , Tsai Edward , Fujimoto Kayo , Krause Kate J. , Shay L. Aubree , Springer Andrew E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveEfficiently addressing patient priorities and concerns remains a challenge in oncology. Systematic operationalization of patient‐centered care (PCC) can support improved assessment and practice of PCC in this unique care setting. This review aimed to synthesize the qualitative empirical literature exploring the National Academy of Medicine (NAM)'s PCC constructs of values, needs, and preferences among patients' during their cancer treatment experiences.MethodsA systematic review of qualitative studies published between 2002 and 2018 addressing adult patient values, needs, and preferences during cancer treatment was conducted. Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and SCOPUS databases were searched on September 10, 2018. Methodological rigor was assessed using a modified version of the Evaluation Tool for Qualitative Studies. Included study findings were analyzed using line‐by‐line coding; and the emergent themes were compared to the National Academy of Medicine (NAM)'s PCC dimensions.ResultsTwenty‐nine primary studies were included in the synthesis. Descriptive themes for values (autonomy, being involved, family, hope, normality, and sincerity), needs (care coordination, information, privacy, support of physical well‐being, emotional support (family/friends, peer, provider), and self‐support), and preferences (care coordination, decision‐making, information delivery, source of social support, and treatment) were identified. “Cancer care context” emerged as an important domain in which these constructs are operationalized. This thematic framework outlines PCC attributes that oncology care stakeholders can evaluate to improve patient experiences.ConclusionsThese findings build on previous PCC research and may contribute to the systematic assessment of patient priorities and the improvement of oncology care quality from the patient perspective.
A systematic review of the clinical and genetic characteristics of Chinese patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Shi Ruihe , Wang Xiufang , Lu Xiaojing , Zhu Zhijie , Xu Qingrong , Wang Haoran , Song Li , Zhu Changlian 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate and summarize the clinical and genetic characteristics of Chinese cystic fibrosis (CF) patients to improve clinicians’ understanding and decrease the rates of misdiagnosis and missed diagnoses in China.MethodsThe EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PubMed and SinoMed databases were searched for studies involving Chinese CF patients from January 1975 to August 2019.ResultsIn total, 113 Chinese patients, including 53 males and 60 females, were reported. Nineteen patients had a family history of CF. The median age at diagnosis was 8.7 years. Among Chinese CF patients, 70.8% had bronchiectasis, 9.7% had a hemoptysis history, 33.6% had clubbed fingers, 17.7% had allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and 29.2% had chronic diarrhea; the incidence of malnutrition was 52.2%. Five patients had jaundice, 26 patients had hepatomegaly, and 9 patients had meconium ileus in the neonatal period, and the incidence of liver cirrhosis was 5.3%. The predominant organism in airways was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by Staphylococcus aureus. Seventy‐nine patients underwent the sweat test, and all of them were positive, with an average chloride ion level of 122.2 mmol/L. Eighty‐eight Chinese CF patients underwent genetic testing, and 74 CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations were reported. The most common gene mutation was c.2909G→A. One Phe508del gene mutation was observed.ConclusionThe common clinical manifestations and CFTR gene mutations in Chinese CF patients are different from those in Caucasian patients. The age at CF diagnosis in China is relatively old, suggesting that the CF incidence in China may be seriously underestimated.
Acute antioxidant and cytoprotective effects of sulforaphane in brain endothelial cells and astrocytes during inflammation and excitotoxicity
Authors: Liu Jianxiong , Chandaka Giri K. , Zhang Rong , Parfenova Helena 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSulforaphane (SFN), a bioactive phytochemical isothiocyanate, has a wide spectrum of cytoprotective effects that involve induction of antioxidant genes. Nongenomic antioxidant effects of SFN have not been investigated. Brain oxidative stress during inflammation and excitotoxicity leads to neurovascular injury. We tested the hypothesis that SNF exhibits acute antioxidant effects and prevents neurovascular injury during oxidative stress. In primary cultures of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (CMVEC) and cortical astrocytes from the newborn pig brain, a pro‐inflammatory cytokine TNF‐α and an excitotoxic glutamate elevate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause cell death by apoptosis. Nox4 NADPH oxidase is the main Nox isoform in CMVEC and cortical astrocytes that is acutely activated by TNF‐α and glutamate leading to ROS‐mediated cell death by apoptosis. The Nox4 inhibitor GKT137831 blocked NADPH oxidase activity and overall ROS elevation, and prevented apoptosis of CMVEC and astrocytes exposed to TNF‐α and glutamate, supporting the leading role of Nox4 in the neurovascular injury. Synthetic SFN (10−11‐10−6 mol/L) inhibited NADPH oxidase activity and reduced overall ROS production in CMVEC and astrocytes within 1‐hour exposure to TNF‐α and glutamate. Furthermore, in the presence of SFN, the ability of TNF‐α and glutamate to produce apoptosis in CMVEC and cortical astrocytes was completely prevented. Overall, SFN at low concentrations exhibits antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects in cerebral endothelial cells and cortical astrocytes via a via a nongenomic mechanism that involves inhibition of Nox4 NADPH oxidase activity. SFN may prevent cerebrovascular injury during brain oxidative stress caused by inflammation and glutamate excitotoxicity.
Hypothesis: Pentoxifylline is a potential cytokine modulator therapeutic in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Hendry Bruce M. , Stafford Nina , Arnold Ahran D. , Sangwaiya Arvind , Manglam Vijay , Rosen Stuart D. , Arnold Jayantha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe propose a new hypothesis that the established drug pentoxifylline deserves attention as a potential repurposed therapeutic for COVID‐19. Pentoxifylline is an immunomodulator with anti‐inflammatory properties. It is a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor and through Adenosine A2A Receptor‐mediated pathways reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and interferon gamma and may act to reduce tissue damage during the cytokine storm host response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. This agent has been used clinically for many years and has a favorable profile of safety and tolerability. Pre‐clinical data support pentoxifylline as effective in cytokine‐driven lung damage. Clinical studies of pentoxifylline in radiation and cytokine‐induced lung damage in humans are positive and consistent with anti‐inflammatory efficacy. Pentoxifylline is a readily available, off‐patent and inexpensive drug, suitable for large‐scale use including in resource‐limited countries. Current trials of therapeutics are largely focused on the inhibition of viral processes. We advocate urgent randomized trials of pentoxifylline for COVID‐19 as a complementary approach to target the host responses.
Regional consistency and sample size considerations in a multiregional equivalence trial
Authors: Wu Si‐Cheng , Xu Jin‐Fang , Zhang Xin‐Ji , Li Zhi‐Wei , He Jia 
Published: July 2020

SUMMARYThe main objective of a confirmatory multiregional clinical trial (MRCT) is to demonstrate the overall efficacy of test drugs in all participating regions as well as to evaluate the possibility of extrapolating the overall results to each region. With the emergence of the demands of biosimilar drugs development, some guidelines recommended using equivalence design to demonstrate the comparability of efficacy between biosimilar and reference drugs. Previous discussions about assessing regional consistency in MRCT are mainly focused on superiority or non‐inferiority designs, while the extensions to equivalence designs were limited. In this work, we proposed a flexible regional consistency criterion for the MRCT with equivalence design. Based on this criterion, sample size determination and sample allocation were also discussed.
Nonfragile fault‐tolerant control of suspension systems subject to input quantization and actuator fault
Authors: Xiong Jun , Chang Xiao‐Heng , Park Ju H. , Li Zhi‐Min 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThis study addresses the quantized nonfragile feedback control problem for active suspension systems with and without actuator faults. By considering the input quantization, a class of dynamic quantizers is adopted. The multiplicative controller gain variation is used to describe the actuator parameter perturbation or uncertainty. Apart from the ride comfort, the road holding ability and the hard constraints on suspension deflection and actuator force are also taken into account, which can be treated as a multi‐objective control problem. The redundancy of input quantization error is used to formulate the quantized closed‐loop system via the descriptor representation approach, then a novel quantized control strategy based on state feedback by separately designing dynamic quantizer and controller is proposed for the closed‐loop system with and without actuator faults. The design strategy is a unified and simple one, then can be easily extended to the case of static output feedback, as only part of the variables measured by sensors are available, which avoids some equality constraints in existing works. Finally, some simulation results are presented to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the developed control strategies.
Rapid induction of gliogenesis in OLIG2 and NKX2.2-expressing progenitors-derived spheroids
Authors: Yun Wonjin , Kim In Yong , Song Gwonhwa , You Seungkwon 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Glial cells are crucial for the development of the central nervous system and the maintenance of chemical homeostasis. The process of gliogenesis has been well studied in the rodent brain, but it remains less well studied in the human brain. In addition, rodent glial cells differ from human counterparts in terms of morphologies, functions, and anatomical locations. Cerebral organoids (also referred to as spheroids) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been developed and are suitable cell-based models for researching developmental and neurodegenerative diseases. The in vitro generation of glia, including astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, from such organoids represents a promising tool to model neuronal diseases. Here, we showed that three-dimensional (3D) culture of OLIG2- and NKX2.2-expressing neurospheres produced efficiently mature astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in terms of morphologies and expression pattern recapitulating native 3D environment. Our findings provide important insights for developmental research of the human brain and glial specification that may facilitate patient-specific disease modeling.

Significance statement This article describes a three-dimensional (3D) culture system, specifically 3D cerebral organoids (spheroids) that rapidly generate S100β+GFAP+ astrocytes and MBP+ oligodendrocytes recapitulating the developing human brain. The key findings of this study are as follows. (a) Prepatterned stem/progenitor cells, especially OLIG2+NKX2.2+ preoligodendrocyte progenitor cells, facilitate glial specification during organoid development within 8 weeks; (b) the gradual glial specification inside the spheroids and diverse phenotype reflect that in the developing human brain; and (c) the resulting spheroids can serve as in vitro model for myelination to evaluate promyelination drugs such as miconazole and a source for cell therapy in demyelinating disease.