bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual assault law and community education: A case study of New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Mason Gail 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe offence of sexual assault has been reformed significantly since the 1980s. These reforms have been designed to create a fairer criminal justice system and contribute to primary prevention through community education. Yet, how exactly does this education happen? This article draws on a qualitative interview study with government and non‐government stakeholders in the Australian State of NSW to consider how members of the public are equipped with the information they need to understand the laws that govern their sexual lives. Despite multiple educational pathways on key legal concepts such as consent, the study found a knowledge gap between the legal meaning of sexual assault and effective public access to that meaning. The article concludes with recommendations for addressing the barriers that undergird this gap. It argues that law’s educative promise depends on the state’s preparedness to create policy that fosters the public’s appreciation of the sexual standards embedded in legal rules.
Perfusion‐Dependent Cerebral Autoregulation Impairment in Hemispheric Stroke
Authors: Hecht Nils , Schrammel Max , Neumann Konrad , Müller Marc‐Michael , Dreier Jens P. , Vajkoczy Peter , Woitzik Johannes 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveLoss of cerebral autoregulation (CA) plays a key role in secondary neurologic injury. However, the regional distribution of CA impairment after acute cerebral injury remains unclear because, in clinical practice, CA is only assessed within a limited compartment. Here, we performed large‐scale regional mapping of cortical perfusion and CA in patients undergoing decompressive surgery for malignant hemispheric stroke.MethodsIn 24 patients, autoregulation over the affected hemisphere was calculated based on direct, 15 to 20‐minute cortical perfusion measurement with intraoperative laser speckle imaging and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) recording. Cortical perfusion was normalized against noninfarcted tissue and 6 perfusion categories from 0% to >100% were defined. The interaction between cortical perfusion and MAP was estimated using a linear random slope model and Pearson correlation.ResultsCortical perfusion and CA impairment were heterogeneously distributed across the entire hemisphere. The degree of CA impairment was significantly greater in areas with critical hypoperfusion (40–60%: 0.42% per mmHg and 60–80%: 0.46% per mmHg) than in noninfarcted (> 100%: 0.22% per mmHg) or infarcted (0–20%: 0.29% per mmHg) areas (*p< 0.001). Pearson correlation confirmed greater CA impairment at critically reduced perfusion (20–40%: r = 0.67; 40–60%: r = 0.68; and 60–80%: r = 0.68) compared to perfusion > 100% (r = 0.36; *p< 0.05). Tissue integrity had no impact on the degree of CA impairment.InterpretationIn hemispheric stroke, CA is impaired across the entire hemisphere to a variable extent. Autoregulation impairment was greatest in hypoperfused and potentially viable tissue, suggesting that precise localization of such regions is essential for effective tailoring of perfusion pressure‐based treatment strategies. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:358–368
Short‐Term Cessation of Dabigatran Causes a Paradoxical Prothrombotic State
Authors: Kim Jiwon , Jang Hee Jeong , Schellingerhout Dawid , Lee Su‐Kyoung , Kim Ha , Kim Young Dae , Lee Kyung‐Yul , Choi Hye‐Yeon , Cho Han‐Jin , Jang Seong‐Soo , Jeon Sangmin , Kwon Ick Chan , Kim Kwangmeyung , Ryu Wi‐Sun , Nahrendorf Matthias , Choi Seungbum , Kim Dong‐Eog 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveIt is unclear if stopping treatment with dabigatran, a new oral anticoagulant (NOAC), induces a paradoxical rebound prothrombotic state. We investigated if short‐term (1–3 days) dabigatran cessation is associated with a higher thrombus volume than expected from a simple reversal of the anticoagulant effect.MethodsTen‐week‐old C57Bl/6 mice (n = 338) received one of the following oral treatments: phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS), dabigatran for 7 days with or without 1 to 4 day cessation, and aspirin in either a single dose or daily for 7 days. Some of the animals that ceased dabigatran for 1 to 3 days received single‐dose aspirin. Thereafter, we induced FeCl3‐mediated carotid thrombosis in 130 mice, after which we performed micro computed tomography thrombus imaging. The other 208 mice underwent coagulation assays or platelet function tests. As an explorative pilot study, we reviewed the medical records of 18 consecutive patients with NOAC cessation‐related cerebral infarction in a large acute stroke cohort.ResultsWe observed a ~ 40% higher volume of carotid thrombus after dabigatran cessation at 1 to 3 days than after vehicle treatment and showed that this effect could be prevented by single‐dose aspirin pretreatment. Dabigatran cessation unduly increased platelet aggregability for 2 days after drug cessation, an effect mediated through thrombin or arachidonic acid, which effect was significantly attenuated by single‐dose aspirin pretreatment. In patients, short‐term (≤ 3 days) cessation of NOAC therapy, compared with longer‐term (≥ 5 days) cessation, tended to be associated with relatively high stroke severity.InterpretationWe provide the first preclinical evidence that a rebound prothrombotic state follows short‐term cessation of dabigatran therapy. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:444–458
Diagnostic Accuracy of Amyloid versus18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography inAutopsy‐ConfirmedDementia
Authors: Lesman‐Segev Orit H. , La Joie Renaud , Iaccarino Leonardo , Lobach Iryna , Rosen Howard J. , Seo Sang Won , Janabi Mustafa , Baker Suzanne L. , Edwards Lauren , Pham Julie , Olichney John , Boxer Adam , Huang Eric , Gorno‐Tempini Marilu , DeCarli Charles , Hepker Mackenzie , Hwang Ji‐Hye L. , Miller Bruce L. , Spina Salvatore , Grinberg Lea T. , Seeley William W. , Jagust William J. , Rabinovici Gil D. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of antemortem11C‐Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) and18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) versus autopsy diagnosis in a heterogenous sample of patients.MethodsOne hundred one participants underwent PIB and FDG PET during life and neuropathological assessment. PET scans were visually interpreted by 3 raters blinded to clinical information. PIB PET was rated as positive or negative for cortical retention, whereas FDG scans were read as showing an Alzheimer disease (AD) or non‐AD pattern. Neuropathological diagnoses were assigned using research criteria. Majority visual reads were compared to intermediate–high AD neuropathological change (ADNC).ResultsOne hundred one participants were included (mean age = 67.2 years, 41 females, Mini‐Mental State Examination = 21.9, PET‐to‐autopsy interval = 4.4 years). At autopsy, 32 patients showed primary AD, 56 showed non‐AD neuropathology (primarily frontotemporal lobar degeneration [FTLD]), and 13 showed mixed AD/FTLD pathology. PIB showed higher sensitivity than FDG for detecting intermediate–high ADNC (96%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 89–100% vs 80%, 95% CI = 68–92%,p= 0.02), but equivalent specificity (86%, 95% CI = 76–95% vs 84%, 95% CI = 74–93%,p= 0.80). In patients with congruent PIB and FDG reads (77/101), combined sensitivity was 97% (95% CI = 92–100%) and specificity was 98% (95% CI = 93–100%). Nine of 24 patients with incongruent reads were found to have co‐occurrence of AD and non‐AD pathologies.InterpretationIn our sample enriched for younger onset cognitive impairment, PIB‐PET had higher sensitivity than FDG‐PET for intermediate–high ADNC, with similar specificity. When both modalities are congruent, sensitivity and specificity approach 100%, whereas mixed pathology should be considered when PIB and FDG are incongruent. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:389–401
Glucose Binding Drives Reconfiguration of a Dynamic Library of Urea‐Containing Metal–Organic Assemblies
Authors: Yang Dong , von Krbek Larissa K. S. , Yu Le , Ronson Tanya K. , Thoburn John D. , Carpenter John P. , Greenfield Jake L. , Howe Duncan J. , Wu Biao , Nitschke Jonathan R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA bis‐urea‐functionalized ditopic subcomponent assembled with 2‐formylpyridine and FeII, resulting in a dynamic library of metal–organic assemblies: an irregular FeII4L6structure and three FeII2L3stereoisomers: left‐ and right‐handed helicates and ameso‐structure. This library reconfigured in response to the addition of monosaccharide derivatives, which served as guests for specific library members, and the rate of saccharide mutarotation was also enhanced by the library. The (P) enantiomer of the FeII2L3helical structure bound β‐D‐glucose selectively over α‐D‐glucose. As a consequence, the library collapsed into the (P)‐FeII2L3helicate following glucose addition. The α‐D‐glucose was likewise transformed into the β‐D‐anomer during equilibration and binding. Thus, β‐D‐glucose and (P)‐3amplified each other in the product mixture, as metal–organic and saccharide libraries geared together into a single equilibrating system.
Optimization of the Mass Yield in the Biodiesel Production from Chicken Viscera Oil
Authors: Mazatto Amanda Caroline Fernandes , da Silva Geovane Aparecido Ramos , dos Santos Patricia Daniele Silva , Senes Carlos Eduardo Rubio , Visentainer Jesui Vergilio , Oliveira Santos Oscar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis work proposes the conversion of chicken viscera oil into biodiesel through the transesterification reaction using basic catalysis. For this, the properties of the raw material and the interferences of the variables on the mass yield of the chemical procedure were evaluated, such as reaction temperature (50–90 °C), catalyst concentration (0.5–2.5% m/m), oil: alcohol molar ratio (1:3 to 1:15) and reaction time (15–75 min).Through the execution of an experimental design procedure and subsequent application of the response surface methodology it was possible to maximize the yield of the transesterification reaction to 87.41% w/w, using the following experimental conditions: reaction temperature 70 °C, catalyst concentration 1% m/m, molar ratio 1:9, and reaction time 30 min. This result provides a reduction of 200% in the percentage of the catalyst used, 67% in the volume of alcohol, and 700% in the reaction time when compared to works using similar raw material published in the literature. Besides, the quality of the biodiesel produced was verified and is following the standards required by ASTM D6751 and EN 14214.
Camouflaging in Autism: Examining Sex‐Based and Compensatory Models in Social Cognition and Communication
Authors: Corbett Blythe A. , Schwartzman Jessica M. , Libsack Erin J. , Muscatello Rachael A. , Lerner Matthew D. , Simmons Grace L. , White Susan W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCamouflaging refers to behavioral adaptations that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially females, use to mask symptoms during social situations. Compensation is a component of camouflaging in which an individual's observed behavior is considerably better than actual ability. The study explored diagnostic, sex‐based, and compensatory differences using the Contextual Assessment of Social Skills (CASS). The sample included 161 youth 10:0‐to‐16:11 years (115 males, 46 females). T‐tests were performed based on sex (female, male) or High (good ADOS + poor Theory of Mind (TOM)) compared to Low (poor ADOS + poor TOM) Compensation groups. Comparisons were examined for Social Affect (SA), Restricted Repetitive Behavior, (RRB), IQ, social behavior (Positive Affect, Overall Involvement) and communication (Vocal Expression, Gestures). Females exhibited fewer RRB t(158) = 3.05, P = 0.003, d = 0.54. For the CASS, females evidenced more Vocal Expressiveness t(157) = −2.03, P = 0.05, d = 0.35, which corroborates sex‐based differences in the literature. Compensation group differences indicated the High compared to Low group showed stronger Social and Communication behaviors on the CASS for Vocal Expression t(72) = 2.56, P = 0.01, d = 0.62, and overall rapport t(72) = 2.36, P = 0.02, d = 0.56. Several differences were observed when the groups were stratified based on level of compensation, with the High compensation participants showing stronger social engagement and communication behaviors. Findings may inform efforts to understand camouflaging, compensation, and clinical practices for male and female adolescents with ASD. A more nuanced consideration of camouflaging alongside compensation models reveals subtle differences in cognition, behavior, and affect that may reflect underlying profiles of challenge and strength in youth with ASD.Lay SummaryCamouflaging refers to ways individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially females, mask symptoms. Compensation occurs when a person's observed behavior appears more typical than what would be expected based on underlying ability and symptoms. The study explored camouflaging and compensation differences in 161 youth with ASD. Findings suggest sex‐based differences with females showing better vocal expression. However, several compensation differences were observed with the High compensators showing stronger social communication and rapport. A more nuanced consideration of camouflaging using compensation models reveal subtle differences in underlying challenge and strength.
Photochromic and fluorescent ink using photoluminescent strontium aluminate pigment and screen printing towards anticounterfeiting documents
Authors: Abdelhameed Marwa M. , Attia Yasser A. , Abdelrahman Meram S. , Khattab Tawfik A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNovel inorganic–organic hybrid photochromic and fluorescent ink for anticounterfeiting documents was developed using a pigment/resin ink formula enclosing a long‐lived luminescent inorganic pigment with good thermal photostability. The produced ink exhibited an optimal excitation wavelength at 360 nm with an absorption colour and fluorescence changes in the printed document. To develop a transparent printed film from pigment/resin ink, the phosphorescent pigment has to be well dispersed physically without agglomeration. The pigment/resin hybrid was applied effectively onto commercial cellulose paper sheets using screen‐printing technology. An homogeneous photochromic layer was deposited on cellulose paper document surface to afford a considerable greenish‐yellow colour as demonstrated by CIE coloration measurements under a UV lamp, even at a pigment concentration as low as 0.1 wt% of the ink formulation. The printed paper sheets exhibited three excitation bands at 235, 274 and 378 nm and three emission bands at 416, 418 and 436 nm. Fluorescence optical microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry of the printed paper sheet were explored. The screen‐printed paper sheets displayed a reversible and fast photochromism during ultraviolet irradiation without fatigue. The rheological properties, stability, and printability of the ink were studied.
New bis‐photochromic compounds based on diarylimidazoles: Synthesis and multistimuli‐responsive optical properties
Authors: Song Guangliang , Song Yuwei , Zhu Senqiang , Ji Jinfeng , Liu Rui , Zhu Hongjun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThree new bis‐photochromic molecules containing two 4,5‐diarylimidazole units were synthesized and characterized. We investigated their photophysical properties and pH response characteristics in acetonitrile solutions and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) membranes. All compounds displayed significant pH responses for the imidazole ring in the molecular structure, which could be potentially used as pH probes. Under ultraviolet light, these compounds show photochromism and ‘turn‐off’ fluorescence properties either in solution or in PMMA film. The mechanism of this phenomenon may be due to photoisomerization, that is the conversion of the 4,5‐diarylimidazole units open‐ring form to the closed‐ring form. Moreover, such systems as logic gates, high density (3D) data storage systems and optical equivalents of field‐effect transistors are considered necessary for optical computing.
Plasma metabolomics analysis of the effects of drinking soda water on hyperglycemia mice using ultrahigh‐pressure liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Han Dan , Shi Litian , Pan Hongzhi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a natural soda water [Shi Han Quan (SHQ)] on hyperglycemia and plasma metabolic profiling and explore the mechanism using metabolomics techniques. Kun‐Ming mice weighing 26 ± 2 g were used for the hyperglycemia animal model with alloxan and divided into control, hyperglycemia (HG), and HG + SHQ soda water (SHQ) groups. The experiment lasted for 30 days. The plasma metabolomic profiling of mice was determined using ultrahigh‐pressure liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry. After the mice drank SHQ soda water, the levels of insulin and blood glucose were significantly lower in the SHQ group compared with the control group, and the level of insulin sensitivity [insulin sensitivity index (ISI)] was significantly higher in the SHQ group compared with the HG group. The mice in the different groups after SHQ intervention could be separated into distinct clusters, and nine major plasma metabolites with significant differences between groups were found closely associated with blood glucose and ISI. The metabolic pathway analysis of these metabolites involved abnormal fatty acid oxidation and phospholipid, acylcarnitine, and corticoid metabolism. The results suggested the metabolic changes and possible mechanism of SHQ improving the alloxan‐induced HG, and the findings provided insights into the prevention and control of HG and diabetes.
Pigmentary traits, sun exposure, and risk of non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A study within the French E3N prospective cohort
Authors: Garcin Louis‐Marie , Gelot Amandine , Gomez Roselyn‐Rima , Gusto Gaëlle , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine , Kvaskoff Marina , Severi Gianluca , Besson Caroline 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo investigate whether risk factors for keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs), namely pigmentary traits and sun exposure, are associated with risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). E3N is a prospective cohort of French women aged 40–65 years at inclusion in 1990. Cancer data were collected at baseline and updated every 2–3 years. Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between pigmentary traits and sun exposure, and risk of CLL/NHL were estimated using Cox models. With a median follow‐up of 24 years, 622 incident cases of CLL/NHL were ascertained among the 92,097 included women. The presence of nevi was associated with CLL/NHL risk: HR for “many or very many nevi” relative to “no nevi”: 1.56 [1.15; 2.11]. Such association with number of nevi appears to be mostly limited to risk of CLL: HR for “many or very many nevi”: 3.00 [1.38; 6.52]; versus 1.32 [0.94; 1.84] for NHL. Women whose skin was highly sensitive to sunburn also had a higher risk of CLL: HR = 1.96 [1.21; 3.18], while no increase in risk of NHL was observed. Skin or hair color, number of freckles, and average daily ultraviolet (UV) dose during spring and summer in location of residence at birth or at inclusion (kJ/m2) were not associated with CLL/NHL risk. Some pigmentary traits (presence of nevi and skin sensitivity), but not sun exposure, were associated with CLL/NHL. These observations suggest that CLL may share some constitutional risk factors with keratinocyte cancers.
Drug‐eluting stent, drug eluting balloon controversy in peripheral artery disease; what is the verdict?
Authors: Kilic Ismail Dogu , Cilingiroglu Mehmet 
Published: November 2020

Key Points
Previous meta‐analysis raised concerns about the safety of paclitaxel‐coated devices in the treatment of PAD.
However, real world data does not seem to agree with these findings.
Increased mortality in patients with peripheral arterial disease and the true and beneficial treatment effects of these technologies need to be clarified as many patients clearly can benefit from them.
STEMI in young women: Don't miss spontaneous coronary artery dissection!
Authors: Quesada Odayme , Henry Timothy D. 
Published: November 2020

Key Points
Sex difference in STEMI in young patients under 45 years old: 22% of women had spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) compared to only 3% of men.
Young women were more likely to have reinfarction compared to men (15 vs. 1%).
In contrast to previous reports, in‐hospital mortality was low in both young women and men with STEMI (2%).
Combined edge‐to‐edge tricuspid and mitral valve repair: Promising but still a long and bumpy road
Authors: Tarantini Giuseppe , Masiero Giulia 
Published: November 2020

Key Points
The effective treatment of significant tricuspid regurgitation remains an unmet clinical need, especially in patients denied from surgery.
Combined transcatheter “edge‐to‐edge” mitral and tricuspid valve repair with MitraClip system is a feasible but challenging procedure and a learning experience might favorable impact on outcomes.
Further technological improvements and studies on percutaneous approach in experienced heart valve centers are needed.
A rare case of maxillary nodular fasciitis: Case report and short literature review
Authors: Massarelli Mauro , Paparo Francesco , Benedetti Simone 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNodular fasciitis has to be considered as an option in the presence of a solitary, rapidly growing mass even in older adults. When possible, direct surgery should be preferred to FNAC, particularly in the older adults because of high misdiagnostic risk.
Absent lunula: An overlooked finding in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Daadaa Najla , Souissi Asmahane , Ben Kaab Badreddine , Zouaghi Mohamed Karim , Mokni Mourad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe highlight the importance of a thorough nail examination in every clinical encounter, especially in uremic patients. Absent lunula should prompt the clinician to rule out underlying kidney disease even in the absence of signs of uremia.
Iatrogenic esophageal and tracheal perforation with tracheoesophageal fistula following emergency intubation
Authors: Alkrekshi Akram , Bukamur Hazim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIatrogenic tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) through direct penetration of esophageal and tracheal walls is exceedingly rare. Body tissues sealing around the tube may result in delayed development of respiratory complications and diagnosis. Pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax may be absent. Maintaining the airway through TEF until tracheostomy resulted in a satisfactory outcome.
Follow‐up CMR in a case of Loeffler endocarditis
Authors: Asadian Sanaz , Jahanshahi Bahareh , Rezaeian Nahid 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe typical finding of hypereosinophilic syndrome (Eosinophilic myocarditis) in the delayed enhancement (DE) cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the “double V” sign, which includes (a) normal myocardium, (b) thickened enhanced endomyocardial layer, and (c) overlying apical thrombus. Corticosteroids may result in significant improvement of myocardial involvement.