bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer in chronic heart failure patients in the GISSI‐HF trial
Authors: Ameri Pietro , Canepa Marco , Luigi Nicolosi Gian , Marchioli Roberto , Latini Roberto , Tavazzi Luigi , Maggioni Aldo P. ,   the GISSI‐HF Investigators
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundCancer complicating heart failure (HF) is an emerging issue. We investigated it in the GISSI‐HF trial, which uniquely included patients with malignancies if deemed likely to allow follow‐up.Methods and resultsAt enrolment, 256 of 6913 participants in GISSI‐HF (3.7%) had a tumour diagnosis, which was malignant (cancer) in 145 (2.1%). Patients with cancer were older and more often former smokers, had lower body mass index, lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), less implanted devices, lower glucose and haemoglobin and higher uric acid levels than those without cancer. During a median 4‐year follow‐up, cardiovascular (CV), non‐CV non‐cancer and cancer death occurred in 1477, 272 and 220 subjects (75%, 13.8% and 11.2% of total mortality, respectively). Cancer at trial entry portended an increased risk of all‐cause mortality after accounting for age and confounders (HR 1.33, 95%CI 1.02‐1.73), which was attributable to cancer‐specific mortality. Among the 6657 patients without any tumour at enrolment, 1879 subsequently died. CV, non‐CV non‐cancer and cancer causes accounted for 1422 (75.7%), 261 (13.9%) and 196 (10.4%) of these deaths, respectively, median time to specific death being 22, 25 and 30 months (P < .0001). Patients facing cancer vs CV death had lower NYHA class, slower heart rate, higher blood pressure, higher LVEF, shorter HF history, less diuretic use, lower creatinine and uric acid and higher haemoglobin and cholesterol.ConclusionsEven when considered not aggressive, concomitant cancer worsens HF prognosis. The inverse relationship between HF severity and cancer death in the absence of prior tumour warrants further study.
Switching roles from antagonist to mutualist: a harvester ant as a key seed disperser of a myrmecochorous plant
Authors: Anjos Diego V. , Andersen Alan N. , Carvalho Raquel L. , Sousa Raquel M. F. , Del‐Claro Kleber 
Published: May 2020

1. Harvester ants are major seed predators in arid environments. However, given that many harvester ants are partly omnivorous and therefore potentially attracted to the elaiosomes of myrmecochorous seeds, it is unclear if these ants act as predators or dispersers when removing myrmecochorous seeds.2. We describe the outcomes of interactions between the harvester ant,Pogonomyrmex naegelii, and myrmecochorous plant,Microstachys serrulata, in a Brazilian savanna. We: (i) evaluated the role of elaiosome in seed removal byP. naegelii; (ii) investigated the fate and viability of removed seeds; (iii) tested if soils associated withP. naegeliinests are nutrient‐enriched; (iv) compared seedling survival; and (v) the density of seedling and adultM. serrulatanearby toP. naegeliinests compared with those away from these nests (i.e. controls).3. Rates of removal ofM. serrulataseeds were two‐fold higher with elaiosomes than without. The ant attractant oleic acid was the dominant fatty acid in elaiosomes, but it was absent from seeds. Removed seeds are taken into nests, and Tetrazolium tests indicated that 95% of seeds remain viable. Soils associated withP. naegeliinests were not nutrient‐enriched, and seedling survival was similar nearby toP. naegeliinests compared with control areas. However, densities of both seedling and adultM. serrulatawere higher nearby toP. naegeliinests than in control areas.4. Our findings show thatP. naegeliiswitches its role from seed predator for most plant species to be the dominant seed disperser forM. serrulata, playing a key role in the distribution of adult plants.
Astrocytes of the early postnatal brain
Authors: Felix Lisa , Stephan Jonathan , Rose Christine R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the rodent forebrain, the majority of astrocytes are generated during the early postnatal phase. Following differentiation, astrocytes undergo maturation which accompanies the development of the neuronal network. Neonate astrocytes exhibit a distinct morphology and domain size which differs to their mature counterparts. Moreover, many of the plasma membrane proteins prototypical for fully developed astrocytes are only expressed at low levels at neonatal stages. These include connexins and Kir4.1, which define the low membrane resistance and highly negative membrane potential of mature astrocytes. Newborn astrocytes moreover express only low amounts of GLT‐1, a glutamate transporter critical later in development. Furthermore, they show specific differences in the properties and spatio‐temporal pattern of intracellular calcium signals, resulting from differences in their repertoire of receptors and signalling pathways. Therefore, roles fulfilled by mature astrocytes, including ion and transmitter homeostasis, are underdeveloped in the young brain. Similarly, astrocytic ion signalling in response to neuronal activity, a process central to neuron–glia interaction, differs between the neonate and mature brain. This review describes the unique functional properties of astrocytes in the first weeks after birth and compares them to later stages of development. We conclude that with an immature neuronal network and wider extracellular space, astrocytic support might not be as demanding and critical compared to the mature brain. The delayed differentiation and maturation of astrocytes in the first postnatal weeks might thus reflect a reduced need for active, energy‐consuming regulation of the extracellular space and a less tight control of glial feedback onto synaptic transmission.
Short‐sale constraints and informational efficiency to private information: A natural experiment
Authors: Choi Hae Mi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractExploiting a regulatory change in short‐sale constraints (Regulation SHO) as a natural experiment, this paper examines the effect of short‐sale constraints on informational efficiency of stock prices to private information. I find that short‐sellers act as informed traders prior to forthcoming analyst news and trade on negative private information. When short‐sale constraints are relaxed for pilot stocks (treatment group), both trading volume and stock price sensitivity increase prior to the analyst announcement for bad news but not for good news, relative to that of nonpilot stocks (control group). The findings are consistent with the Diamond and Verrecchia model that predicts that short‐selling increases the speed of adjustment of stock prices to private negative information. In the cross‐section, the effect of Reg SHO is stronger in stocks of firms with weak and uncertain information environments (i.e., small firms and firms with high analyst forecast dispersion).
Land management and climate change determine second‐generation bioenergy potential of the US Northern Great Plains
Authors: Dolan Katelyn A. , Stoy Paul C. , Poulter Benjamin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) has been proposed as a potential climate mitigation strategy raising concerns over trade‐offs with existing ecosystem services. We evaluate the feasibility of BECCS in the Upper Missouri River Basin (UMRB), a landscape with diverse land use, ownership, and bioenergy potential. We develop land‐use change scenarios and a switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) crop functional type to use in a land‐surface model to simulate second‐generation bioenergy production. By the end of this century, average annual switchgrass production over the UMRB ranges from 60 to 210 Tg dry mass/year and is dependent on the Representative Concentration Pathway for greenhouse gas emissions and on land‐use change assumptions. Under our simple phase‐in assumptions this results in a cumulative total production of 2,000–6,000 Tg C over the study period with the upper estimates only possible in the absence of climate change. Switchgrass yields decreased as average CO2 concentrations and temperatures increased, suggesting the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 was small because of its C4 photosynthetic pathway. By the end of the 21st century, the potential energy stored annually in harvested switchgrass averaged between 1 and 4 EJ/year assuming perfect conversion efficiency, or an annual electrical generation capacity of 7,000–28,000 MW assuming current bioenergy efficiency rates. Trade‐offs between bioenergy and ecosystem services were identified, including cumulative direct losses of 1,000–2,600 Tg C stored in natural ecosystems from land‐use change by 2090. Total cumulative losses of ecosystem carbon stocks were higher than the potential ~300 Tg C in fossil fuel emissions from the single largest power plant in the region over the same time period, and equivalent to potential carbon removal from the atmosphere from using biofuels grown in the same region. Numerous trade‐offs from BECCS expansion in the UMRB must be balanced against the potential benefits of a carbon‐negative energy system.
Research of laser remelting on the thermal‐mechanical behaviors and heat treatment of yttria‐stabilized zirconia coatings
Authors: Yi Peng , Zhu Xiaoye , Jiang Yongliang , Feng Wenlong , Feng Zhihao , Jin Yanchao , Dong Guixin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this study, the thermal and mechanical behaviors were investigated by simulating laser remelting of atmospheric plasma‐sprayed yttria‐stabilized zirconia coatings, and the molten depth and regions of stress concentration were compared between simulation and experiment. The heat treatment process of the remelted coating was also simulated. The crack formation mechanism in the YSZ coating remelted by laser and the heat‐treatment effect on residual stress were investigated. Results showed that the simulated results were consistent with the experimental measurements, and the residual thermal stress was the main cause of cracks formation. The coating remelted by a laser power of 1500 W and a scanning rate of 9 mm/s possessed less residual concentrated stress and segmented cracks. Heat treatment released concentrated stress, which was still accurate for the ceramic coating. If the coatings were slowly heated to demonstrate heat treatment after laser remelting, the cracks in the remelted layer decreased correspondingly.
Dermatologic adverse effects of breast cancer chemotherapy: a longitudinal prospective observational study with a review of literature
Authors: Alizadeh Narges , Mirpour Seyyed Hossein , Darjani Abbas , Rafiei Rana , Rafiei Elahe , Mohammadhoseini Maryam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer patients may experience an increased chance of survival with adjuvant chemotherapy. However dermatologic adverse effects can cause major discomfort due to physical or cosmetic problems. This study aims to describe dermatologic complications in breast cancer patients during chemotherapy.MethodsThis longitudinal prospective observational study included data on women with non‐metastatic breast cancer whom were treated with AC‐T protocol (anthracycline, cyclophosphamide, and taxane) adjuvant chemotherapy and consecutively enrolled during two years. The study was performed in an educational and tertiary referral center. The patients’ information including age, body mass index (BMI), past medical history, and different dermatologic complications were collected for all participants.ResultsOf 190 enrolled women, all patients experienced alopecia, which occurred in 131 patients (68.9%) after the first cycle. Skin, mucosal, and nail involvement were respectively seen in 46 (24.2%), 51 (26.8%), and 86 (45.2%) cases. Cutaneous complications were observed mainly between the third and sixth chemotherapy cycles. Palmoplantar erythema and palmoplantar dysesthesia were the most common cutaneous complications. Dermatologic adverse effects were significantly more frequent in the patients with an underlying disease.ConclusionThese findings suggest that dermatologic adverse effects of adjuvant chemotherapy are common and could be induced by all components of AC‐T regimen. These complications should be skillfully managed to increase patients’ comfort.
The influence of income inequality aversion on redistribution in a democratic context
Authors: Jang Dooseok , Atkinson Joel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis paper illuminates one mechanism by which democracy may fail to mitigate income inequality despite a widespread preference against it. When income inequality aversion is prevalent, high‐skilled, higher‐wage workers may adjust their working time to reduce inequality. However, the decrease in societal efficiency due to forgone high‐skilled labor outweighs an increase in efficiency from lower‐skilled workers. This implies that a pivotal worker may reject strong redistribution in favor of overall efficiency. Moreover, if the pivotal voter believes that a socially prevalent aversion already mitigates income inequality, a lower tax preference is further reinforced.
Great journey of Great Tits(Parus majorgroup): Origin, diversification and historical demographics of a broadly distributed bird lineage
Authors: Song Gang , Zhang Ruiying , Machado‐Stredel Fernando , Alström Per , Johansson Ulf S. , Irestedt Martin , Mays Herman L. , McKay Bailey D. , Nishiumi Isao , Cheng Yalin , Qu Yanhua , Ericson Per G. P. , Fjeldså Jon , Peterson Andrew Townsend , Lei Fumin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThe Pleistocene glacial cycles play a prominent role in shaping phylogeographical patterns of organisms, while few studies have focused on the regional difference of glacial effects. By acquiring comprehensive knowledge of the origin, diversification and historical demography of an intensively studied passerine species complex, Great Tit, we aim to test the regional variation of the Late Pleistocene glaciation impacts on this widely distributed bird lineage.LocationEurasia and associated peninsulas and archipelagos.TaxaParus majorspecies complex.MethodsPhylogeny, divergence times and demographic dynamics were estimated with Bayesian methods. Population structure, genetic diversity and correlation between genetic and physical distances were estimated based on mtDNA variation. Glacial‐to‐present distributional changes were assessed via ecological niche modelling (ENM).ResultsFive major clades (Central Asia, Eastern Asia, Eastern Himalaya, Northern and Western Eurasia and Southern Asia) were detected, with divergence times ranging 1.57–0.50 million years ago. Genetic diversity values and Bayesian skyline plots suggest that the three eastern clades had a deeper population history. A more complex geographic structure was observed in East Asia. Demographic expansion during the last glacial cycle was indicated for all five clades. ENM results showed broad conservatism of traits related to climate tolerances, and generally broader and more continuous distributional patterns under glacial conditions.Main ConclusionsThe Great Tit complex probably originated in Southeast Asia. Geographic barriers, such as the deserts of Central Asia and the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau appear to be related to the lineage divergence. Late Pleistocene climate cycles influenced both demographic dynamics and divergence, especially in terms of east–west differences in relation to geographic complexity.
Implementation of a pediatric/adolescent suicide risk screening tool for patients presenting to the Emergency Department with nonbehavioral health complaints
Authors: Hackfeld Melody 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProblemAt a large urban pediatric hospital, from 2015 to 2016, a 44% increase occurred in youth with suicide attempts admitted to medical units. At that time, patients assessed in the Emergency Department (ED) were asked one question to determine suicide risk.MethodsThe Iowa Model served as the framework for the Psychiatry and Emergency Departments to identify an evidence‐based suicide screening tool and educate/train all ED nurses on assessing patients for suicide risk. In July 2017, ED nurses began assessing all patients (ages 10 and over) utilizing the Ask Suicide‐Screening Questions (ASQ).FindingsIn the first 3 months of ASQ implementation, 390 youth were identified in the ED as struggling with sadness/worry or at risk for suicide. Pre‐intervention ED nurses’ survey results indicated 30% felt inadequately trained in suicide screening; 26% considered the ASQ too time consuming, and 40% agreed there was stigma regarding mental health. Post‐education ED nurses’ survey results showed improvement in skills (64% felt adequately trained) but there was no significant change in mental health stigma perception.ConclusionWithin the first 3 months of assessing all nonbehavioral patients ages 10 and over, there was a 37% increase of ED patients identified as a suicide risk, enabling immediate mental health assessments before suicide attempts.
Deprivation and psychopathology in the Fragile Families Study: A 15‐year longitudinal investigation
Authors: Miller Adam Bryant , Machlin Laura , McLaughlin Katie A. , Sheridan Margaret A. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundEarly adversity consistently predicts youth psychopathology. However, the pathways linking unique dimensions of early adversity, such as deprivation, to psychopathology are understudied. Here, we evaluate a theoretical model linking early deprivation exposure with psychopathology prospectively through language ability.MethodsParticipants included 2,301 youth (47.5% female) enrolled in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. We include data from assessment points at ages 1, 3, 5, 9, and 15. Latent factors for deprivation and threat were modeled from multiple indicators at ages 1 and 3. Youth language ability was assessed at Age 5. Indicators of psychopathology were assessed at ages 5, 9, and 15. A structural equation model tested longitudinal paths to internalizing and externalizing psychopathology from experiences of deprivation and threat.ResultsDeprivation from birth to Age 3 was associated with an indirect effect on internalizing and externalizing symptoms in early childhood (Age 5), later childhood (Age 9), and adolescence (Age 15) via language ability in early childhood (Age 5). Early threat exposure was associated with increased internalizing and externalizing psychopathology across all ages. There was no significant indirect effect from threat to psychopathology via language ability.ConclusionsThe effects of deprivation on psychopathology during early childhood, late childhood, and adolescence are explained, in part, through early childhood language ability. Results provide insight into language ability as a possible opportunity for intervention.
Old and New Geriatric Screening Tools in a Belgian Emergency Department: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study
Authors: Heeren Pieter , Devriendt Els , Wellens Nathalie I.H. , Deschodt Mieke , Flamaing Johan , Sabbe Marc , Milisen Koen 
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVESTo compare the diagnostic accuracy of the Identification of Seniors at Risk, the Flemish version of Triage Risk Screening Tool, and the interRAI Emergency Department Screener for predicting prolonged emergency department (ED) length of stay, hospitalization (following index ED stay), and unplanned ED readmission at 30 and 90 days among older (aged ≥70 years) community‐dwelling adults admitted to the ED.DESIGNSingle‐center, prospective, observation study.SETTINGED with embedded observation unit in University Hospitals Leuven (Belgium).PARTICIPANTSA total of 794 patients (median age = 80 years; 55% female) were included.MEASUREMENTSStudy nurses collected data using semistructured interviews and patient record review during ED admission. Outcome data were collected with patient record review.RESULTSHospitalization (following index ED stay) and unplanned ED readmission at 30 and 90 days occurred in 67% (527/787) of patients and in 12.2% (93/761) and 22.1% (168/761) of patients, respectively. For all outcomes at cutoff 2, the three screening tools had moderate to high sensitivity (range = 0.71‐0.90) combined with (very) low specificity (range = 0.14‐0.32) and low accuracy (range = 0.21‐0.67). At all cutoffs, likelihood ratios and interval likelihood ratios had no or small impact (range = 0.46‐3.95; zero was not included) on the posttest probability of the outcomes. For all outcomes, area under the receiver operating characteristics curve varied in the range of 0.49 to 0.62.CONCLUSIONDiagnostic characteristics of all screening tools were comparable. None of the tools accurately predicted the outcomes as a stand‐alone index. Future studies should explore the clinical effectiveness and implementation aspects of ED‐specific minimum geriatric assessment and intervention strategies. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1454‐1461, 2020.
Efficacy of microneedling plus topical 4% tranexamic acid solution vs 4% hydroquinone in the treatment of melasma: A single‐blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Shamsi Meymandi Simin , Mozayyeni Amirhossein , Shamsi Meymandi Manzumeh , Aflatoonian Mahin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are various treatment modalities for melasma, but none of them are effective on dermal component of melasma.AimsIn this study, we decided to evaluate the efficacy of microneedling plus tranexamic acid in comparison with 4% hydroquinone in the treatment of melasma.MethodsThis is a single‐blind randomized clinical trial on 70 participants with 14% dropout, and therefore, 60 patients with melasma completed the study. Patients were randomized based on simple randomization in 2 groups of A (microneedling plus topical 4% tranexamic acid, monthly) and B (topical 4% hydroquinone, nightly). Evaluation of mean MASI score, patient and physician assessments was performed at 4th, 8th and12th weeks of the treatment. Statistical analysis was performed by paired t test, chi‐square test and Fisher's exact test, respectively.ResultsSixty women (30 patients in each group) were completed the study. Mean MASI score in group A was significantly lower at the end of the treatment (6.84 ± 4.31) than at the baseline (12.89 ± 5.16) (P < .01). Mean MASI score in group B was significantly lower at the end of the treatment (7.16 ± 4.38) than at the baseline (13.56 ± 4.88) (P < .01). There was no statistical difference between 2 groups regarding MASI score, physician and patient assessments during the treatment. Percentage of patient satisfaction was significantly higher than physician satisfaction in both treatment groups (P < .01).ConclusionIn our study, the combination of microneedling with tranexamic acid did not differ from 4% hydroquinone in the treatment of melasma.
Long‐term changes in adipose tissue gene expression following bariatric surgery
Authors: Kerr A. G. , Andersson D. P. , Rydén M. , Arner P. , Dahlman I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivePatients undergoing bariatric surgery present long‐term metabolic improvements and reduced type 2 diabetes risk, despite long‐term weight regain. We hypothesized that part of these protective effects could be linked to altered gene expression in white adipose tissue (WAT).MethodsTranscriptomic profiling by gene microarray was performed in abdominal subcutaneous WAT from women before (n = 50) and two (n = 49) and five (n = 38) years after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery as well as in 28 age‐matched nonoperated women.ResultsIn the obese women, the average body weight decrease was 38 kg 2 years postsurgery followed by an 8 kg weight regain between 2 and 5 years. Most of the long‐term changes in WAT gene expression occurred during the first 2 years. However, a subset of genes encoding proteins involved in inflammation displayed a continued decrease between baseline, 2 and 5 years, respectively; that is an expression pattern independent of body weight regain. Expression of 71 of these genes correlated with measurements of adipocyte morphology or serum adipokine levels.ConclusionThe continuous improvement in WAT inflammatory gene expression, despite body weight relapse, may contribute to the sustained effects on adipose morphology after bariatric surgery.