bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macular and choroidal thickness after intracameral moxifloxacin for prevention of postcataract endophthalmitis
Authors: Ferreira Bruna Gil , Cardoso da Silva Iuri , Mélega Mathias Violante , Nascimento Mauricio Abujamra , Cavalcanti Lira Rodrigo Pessoa , Leite Arieta Carlos Eduardo , Alves Monica 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:
To determine any changes in macular or choroidal thickness associated with the use of intracameral moxifloxacin as postcataract endophthalmitis prophylaxis.

Setting:
University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

Design:
Prospective, randomized, partially masked, single-site clinical trial.

Methods:
Phacoemulsification surgery patients in the experimental group (Group A) received a 0.03 mL intracameral injection of undiluted moxifloxacin from a sealed bottle immediately after phacoemulsification surgery (150 μg in 0.03 mL—Vigamox solution), whereas the control group (Group B) did not. Investigators evaluated in masked fashion macular and choroidal thickness using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography preoperatively and postoperatively.

Results:
A total of 93 patients were included (48 in Group A and 45 in Group B). Baseline parameters were similar between the groups. Either of the 2 parameters assessed differed statistically between the groups or preoperatively vs postoperatively. On postoperative day 30, central macular thickness was 8.85 ± 14.78 μm in Group A and 10.26 ± 22.44 μm in Group B (P = .7232); choroidal thickness as measured by enhanced depth imaging (EDI) was 1.45 ± 16.13 μm in Group A and 3.74 ± 16.15 in Group B (P = .5017). On postoperative day 60, central macular thickness was 19.53 ± 39.28 μm in Group A and 17.14 ± 53.68 μm in Group B (P = .8363); EDI was 5.08 ± 21.96 μm in Group A and 5.24 ± 15.8 in Group B (P = .9752).

Conclusions:
The application of intracameral injection of 0.03 mL of undiluted 0.5% moxifloxacin during phacoemulsification surgery as endophthalmitis prophylaxis induced no changes in macular or choroidal thickness.
Comparison of early visual outcomes after low-energy SMILE, high-energy SMILE, and LASIK for myopia and myopic astigmatism in the United States
Authors: Hamilton D. Rex , Chen Angela C. , Khorrami Roxana , Nutkiewicz Max , Nejad Mitra 
Published: August 2020

Purpose:
To compare uncorrected distance visual acuities (UDVAs) and induced higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in the early postoperative period between low-energy (LE) small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), high-energy (HE) SMILE, and femtosecond laser–assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) procedures.

Setting:
University based refractive surgery center.

Study design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Methods:
Records of patients who underwent SMILE or FS-LASIK were retrospectively reviewed. SMILE patients were separated into 2 groups: HE settings (125 nJ, 3.0 μm spot spacing) and LE settings (125-130 nJ, 4.5 μm spot spacing). UDVA was measured at postoperative day (POD) 1. Corneal HOAs and UDVA were measured at postoperative month (POM) 1. Induced spherical aberration, vertical coma, horizontal coma, total coma, and total HOAs were calculated.

Results:
The study included 147 eyes of 106 patients, 49 in each group. For SMILE patients, the difference in mean UDVA at POD1 was highly statistically significant in favor of the LE group (−0.003 vs 0.141, P < .0001). No significant difference in mean UDVA at POD1 was noted between the LE group and FS-LASIK group (−0.003 vs −0.011, P = .498). Induced change in spherical aberration was less in LE SMILE than that in FS-LASIK (0.136 vs 0.186 μm, P = .02) at POM1. No significant differences in POM1 mean UDVA (−0.033 vs −0.036) or induced change in all other HOAs were noted between LE SMILE and FS-LASIK.

Conclusions:
LE settings were associated with significantly improved POD1 UDVA. POD1 and POM1 UDVA were comparable with those of FS-LASIK. Spherical aberration induction was less with LE SMILE than that with FS-LASIK, whereas all other induced HOAs were comparable with FS-LASIK.
The Effect of Numbered Jerseys on Directed Commands, Teamwork, and Clinical Performance During Simulated Emergencies
Authors: Kim Yekaterina , Dym Akiva A. , Yang Karen , Fein Daniel G. , Bangar Maneesha , Ferenchick Hannah R. B. , Keene Adam , Orsi Deborah , Washington Moses A. , Eisen Lewis A. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
Communication and teamwork are essential during inpatient emergencies such as cardiac arrest and rapid response (RR) codes. We investigated whether wearing numbered jerseys affect directed commands, teamwork, and performance during simulated codes. Eight teams of 6 residents participated in 64 simulations. Four teams were randomized to the experimental group wearing numbered jerseys, and four to the control group wearing work attire. The experimental group used more directed commands (49% vs. 31%, p < .001) and had higher teamwork score (25 vs. 18, p < .001) compared with control group. There was no difference in time to initiation of chest compression, bag-valve-mask ventilation, and correct medications. Time to defibrillation was longer in the experimental group (190 vs. 140 seconds, p = .035). Using numbered jerseys during simulations was associated with increased use of directed commands and better teamwork. Time to performance of clinical actions was similar except for longer time to defibrillation in the jersey group.
Implementation and Feasibility of the Re-Engineered Discharge for Surgery (RED-S) Intervention: A Pilot Study
Authors: Du Rebecca Y. , Shelton George , Ledet Celia R. , Mills Whitney L. , Neal-Herman Levi , Horstman Molly , Trautner Barbara , Awad Samir , Berger David , Naik Aanand D. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Adapting Project Re-Engineered Discharge (Project RED), an intervention for reducing internal medicine hospital readmissions, is a promising option for reducing colorectal surgery readmissions.

Methods:
We conducted a pilot study for the adaptation and implementation of Project RED with patients admitted for colectomy at a regional VA tertiary care center between July 2014 and January 2015. Implementation was evaluated using adherence to intervention components and results from the Survey of Healthcare Experiences of Patients. The adapted Project RED for Surgery has five components: surgical wound/ostomy-care education, scheduled follow-up appointments, medication reconciliation, an After Hospital Care Plan, and postdischarge phone calls.

Results:
All (n = 21) participants received postoperative wound care education, and 77% of ostomy patients received education. Follow-up appointments were scheduled for 76% with surgery clinic and 67% with primary care. Half received pharmacist-led medication reconciliation. Seventy-five percent received a postdischarge phone call. Ninety five percent of participants reported positive or satisfactory care transitions versus less than 60% of a comparison group of surgery patients from the same institution. We summarized lessons learned from this intervention study to facilitate future dissemination efforts.

Conclusion:
The lessons learned from this pilot can guide quality improvement teams seeking to implement the Re-Engineered Discharge for Surgery intervention within their existing workflows.
Comparison of Documentation on Inpatient Discharge and Ambulatory End-of-Visit Summaries
Authors: Downey Emily , Olds Danielle M. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Providing complete pending diagnostic test information and medication lists on inpatient discharge and ambulatory end-of-visit summaries decreases adverse events, reduces medical errors, and improves patient satisfaction. The purpose was to compare inpatient and ambulatory settings regarding percentages of records with documentation of pending diagnostic test result information and medication lists given at discharge/end of visit.

Methods:
Using a cross-sectional, observational design, 2018 NDNQI discharge/end-of-visit data from 133 inpatient and 90 ambulatory units in 20 hospitals were examined. Trained site coordinators reviewed records for documentation of discharge/end-of-visit elements. Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare inpatient and ambulatory percent of elements completed.

Results:
Across all discharge/end-of-visit elements, there were differences (all p < .001) between inpatient and ambulatory settings. Ambulatory units had a lower percent completion for all medication list and pending diagnostic result elements. Depending on the element, the sample means for documentation in discharge/end-of-visit summaries were 18.6–98.8% for inpatient and 4.5–61.8% for ambulatory settings.

Conclusions:
Discharge instructions and end-of-visit summaries are crucial forms of communication between clinicians and patients. However, many patients are not receiving complete information.

Implications:
In a large nationwide sample, we found substantial opportunities to improve completeness of summaries, particularly in ambulatory settings.
Improving Contagious Disease Reporting in a Medical Examiner's Office
Authors: Rogers Christopher , Sathyavagiswaran Lakshmanan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Contagious disease reporting is an important mechanism for public health officials to be informed of emerging and ongoing risks to the community's health. There are several mechanisms for reporting, including automated reporting from computer sources, required reporting from physicians and other health care professionals, and reporting of sales of certain over-the-counter medications such as cold remedies.
Reporting by medical examiners is a significant source of information because contagious disease may first come to the medical examiner by causing sudden unexpected death. This study describes how the Los Angeles County Department of Medical Examiner–Coroner improved contagious disease reporting from coroner's cases. Methods used include computerized transmission to public health of initial coroner's case reports, e-mailed requests to the coroner to obtain cultures, having all results of coroner's cultures come through a single person who reports contagious disease as necessary, and including infectious disease screening in retrospective case review.
Genome-Wide Association Identifies the First Risk Loci for Psychosis in Alzheimer Disease
Authors: DeMichele-Sweet Mary Ann A. , Klei Lambertus , Creese Byron , Harwood Janet C. , Weamer Elise A. , McClain Lora , Sims Rebecca , Hernandez Isabel , Moreno-Grau Sonia , Tárraga Lluís , Boada Mercè , Alarcón-Martín Emilio , Valero Sergi ,   NIA-LOAD Family Based Study Consortium,   Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC), Liu Yushi , Hooli Basavaraj , Aarsland Dag , Selbaek Geir , Bergh Sverre , Rongve Arvid , Saltvedt Ingvild , K. Skjellegrind Håvard , Engdahl Bo , Stordal Eystein , Andreassen Ole A. , Djurovic Srdjan , Athanasiu Lavinia , Seripa Davide , Borroni Barbara , Albani Diego , Forloni Gianluigi , Mecocci Patrizia , Serretti Alessandro , Ronchi Diana De , Politis Antonis ,   AddNeuroMed Consortium, Williams Julie , Mayeux Richard , Foroud Tatiana , Ruiz Agustin , Ballard Clive , Holmans Peter , Lopez Oscar L. , Kamboh M. Ilyas , Devlin Bernie , Sweet Robert A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPsychotic symptoms, defined as the occurrence of delusions or hallucinations, are frequent in Alzheimer disease (AD with psychosis, AD+P). AD+P affects ∼50% of individuals with AD, identifies a subgroup with poor outcomes, and is associated with a greater degree of cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms, compared to subjects without psychosis (AD-P). Although the estimated heritability of AD+P is 61%, genetic sources of risk are unknown. We report a genome-wide meta-analysis of 12,317 AD subjects, 5,445 AD+P. Results showed common genetic variation accounted for a significant portion of heritability. Two loci, one in ENPP6 (rs9994623, O.R. (95%CI) 1.16 (1.10, 1.22), p=1.26×10−8) and one spanning the 3’-UTR of an alternatively spliced transcript of SUMF1 (rs201109606, O.R. 0.65 (0.56-0.76), p=3.24×10−8), had genome-wide significant associations with AD+P. Gene-based analysis identified a significant association with APOE, due to the APOE risk haplotype ε4. AD+P demonstrated negative genetic correlations with cognitive and educational attainment and positive genetic correlation with depressive symptoms. We previously observed a negative genetic correlation with schizophrenia; instead, we now found a stronger negative correlation with the related phenotype of bipolar disorder. Analysis of polygenic risk scores supported this genetic correlation and documented a positive genetic correlation with risk variation for AD, beyond the effect of ε4. We also document a small set of SNPs likely to affect risk for AD+P and AD or schizophrenia. These findings provide the first unbiased identification of the association of psychosis in AD with common genetic variation and provide insights into its genetic architecture.
Inhibition of histone readers bromodomain extra-terminal proteins alleviates skin fibrosis in experimental models of scleroderma
Authors: Vichaikul Sirapa , Gurrea-Rubio Mikel , Amin M. Asif , Campbell Phillip L. , Wu Qi , Mattichak Megan N. , Brodie William D. , Palisoc Pamela J. , Ali Mustafa , Muraoka Sei , Ruth Jeffrey H. , Model Ellen N. , Rohraff Dallas M. , Hervoso Jonatan L. , Mao-Draayer Yang , Fox David A. , Khanna Dinesh , Sawalha Amr H. , Tsou Pei-Suen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBinding of the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain proteins (BETs) to acetylated histone residues is critical for gene transcription. This study sought to determine the anti-fibrotic efficacy and potential mechanisms of BET inhibition in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Blockade of BETs was done using a pan BET inhibitor JQ1, BRD2 inhibitor BIC1, or BRD4 inhibitors AZD5153 or ARV825. BET inhibition, specifically BRD4 blockade, showed anti-fibrotic effects in an animal model of scleroderma and in patient-derived diffuse cutaneous (dc)SSc fibroblasts. Transcriptome analysis of JQ1-treated dcSSc fibroblasts revealed differentially expressed genes related to extracellular matrix, cell cycle, and calcium signaling. The anti-fibrotic effect of BRD4 inhibition was at least in part mediated by downregulation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α (CaMKII-α) and reduction of intracellular calcium concentrations. These results suggest that targeting calcium pathways or BRD4 might be novel therapeutic approaches for progressive tissue fibrosis.
A Systematic Review of the Cardiovascular Manifestations and Outcomes in the Setting of Coronavirus-19 Disease
Authors: Thakkar Samarthkumar , Arora Shilpkumar , Kumar Ashish , Jaswaney Rahul , Faisaluddin Mohammed , Ammad Ud Din Mohammad , Shariff Mariam , Barssoum Kirolos , Patel Harsh P , Nirav Arora , Jani Chinmay , Savani Sejal , DeSimone Christopher , Mulpuru Siva , Deshmukh Abhishek 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTThe impact of coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19), has been profound. Though COVID-19 primarily affects the respiratory system, it has also been associated with a wide range of cardiovascular (CV) manifestations portending extremely poor prognosis. The principal hypothesis for CV involvement is through direct myocardial infection and systemic inflammation. We conducted a systematic review of the current literature to provide a foundation for understanding the CV manifestations and outcomes of COVID-19. PubMed and EMBASE databases were electronically searched from the inception of the databases through April 27th, 2020. A second literature review was conducted to include major trials and guidelines that were published after the initial search but before submission. The inclusion criteria for studies to be eligible were case reports, case series, and observation studies reporting CV outcomes among patients with COVID-19 infection. This review of the current COVID-19 disease and CV outcomes literature revealed a myriad of CV manifestations with potential avenues for treatment and prevention. Future studies are required to understand on a more mechanistic level the effect of COVID-19 on the myocardium and thus provide avenues to improve mortality and morbidity.
The tolerance to hypoxia is defined by a time-sensitive response of the gene regulatory network in sea urchin embryos
Authors: Layous Majed , Khalaily Lama , Gildor Tsvia , de-Leon Smadar Ben-Tabou 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDeoxygenation, the reduction of oxygen level in the oceans induced by global warming and anthropogenic disturbances, is a major threat to marine life. This change in oxygen level could be especially harmful to marine embryos that utilize endogenous hypoxia and redox gradients as morphogens during normal development. Here we show that the tolerance to hypoxic conditions changes between different developmental stages of the sea urchin embryo, due to the structure of the gene regulatory networks (GRNs). We demonstrate that during normal development, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway restricts the activity of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway to two lateral domains and by that controls proper skeletal patterning. Hypoxia applied during early development strongly perturbs the activity of Nodal and BMP pathways that affect VEGF pathway, dorsal-ventral (DV) and skeletogenic patterning. These pathways are largely unaffected by hypoxia applied after DV axis formation. We propose that the use of redox and hypoxia as morphogens makes the sea urchin embryo highly sensitive to environmental hypoxia during early development, but the GRN structure provides higher tolerance to hypoxia at later stages.Summary statementThe use of hypoxia and redox gradients as morphogens makes sea urchin early development sensitive to environmental hypoxia. This sensitivity decreases later, due to the structure of the gene regulatory network.
Long-term exposure to air-pollution and COVID-19 mortality in England: a hierarchical spatial analysis
Authors: Konstantinoudis Garyfallos , Padellini Tullia , Bennett James , Davies Bethan , Ezzati Majid , Blangiardo Marta 
Published: August 2020

SummaryBackgroundRecent studies suggested a link between long-term exposure to air-pollution and COVID-19 mortality. However, due to their ecological design, based on large spatial units, they neglect the strong localised air-pollution patterns, and potentially lead to inadequate confounding adjustment. We investigated the effect of long-term exposure to NO2and PM2·5on COVID-19 deaths up to June 30, 2020 in England using high geographical resolution. Methods We included 38 573 COVID-19 deaths up to June 30, 2020 at the Lower Layer Super Output Area level in England (n=32 844 small areas). We retrieved averaged NO2and PM2·5concentration during 2014-2018 from the Pollution Climate Mapping. We used Bayesian hierarchical models to quantify the effect of air-pollution while adjusting for a series of confounding and spatial autocorrelation.FindingsWe find a 0·5% (95% credible interval: −0·2%-1·2%) and 1·4% (−2·1%-5·1%) increase in COVID-19 mortality rate for every 1μg/m3increase in NO2and PM2·5respectively, after adjusting for confounding and spatial autocorrelation. This corresponds to a posterior probability of a positive effect of 0·93 and 0·78 respectively. The spatial relative risk at LSOA level revealed strong patterns, similar for the different pollutants. This potentially captures the spread of the disease during the first wave of the epidemic.InterpretationOur study provides some evidence of an effect of long-term NO2exposure on COVID-19 mortality, while the effect of PM2·5remains more uncertain.FundingMedical Research Council, Wellcome Trust, Environmental Protection Agency and National Institutes of Health.
A Simultaneous [11C]Raclopride Positron Emission Tomography and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation of Striatal Dopamine Binding in Autism
Authors: Zürcher Nicole R. , Walsh Erin C. , Phillips Rachel D. , Cernasov Paul M. , Tseng Chieh-En J. , Dharanikota Ayarah , Smith Eric , Li Zibo , Kinard Jessica L. , Bizzell Joshua C. , Greene Rachel K. , Dillon Daniel , Pizzagalli Diego A. , Izquierdo-Garcia David , Lalush David , Hooker Jacob M. , Dichter Gabriel S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe social motivation hypothesis of autism suggests that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired motivation to seek out social experience early in life that interferes with the development of social functioning. This framework posits that impaired mesolimbic dopamine (DA) function underlies compromised responses to social rewards in ASD. Although this hypothesis is supported by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, no molecular imaging study has evaluated striatal dopamine functioning in response to rewards in ASD.MethodsThis study evaluated striatal dopaminergic functioning during incentive processing in ASD using simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET) and fMRI using the D2/D3 dopamine receptor antagonist [11C]raclopride. Using a bolus + infusion protocol, voxel-wise binding potential (BPND) was compared between groups (Controls=12, ASD=10) in the striatum.ResultsRelative to controls, the ASD group demonstrated relatively decreased phasic DA release to incentives in the right and left putamen and left caudate. Striatal clusters showing significant between-group BPNDdifferences were used as seeds in whole-brain fMRI general functional connectivity analyses. This revealed increased connectivity between the PET-derived right putamen seed and clusters in the precuneus and right insula in the ASD group. Within the ASD group, decreased phasic DA release in the left putamen was related to poorer theory-of-mind skills.ConclusionsASD was characterized by impaired striatal phasic DA release and abnormally increased functional connectivity, providing support for the social motivation hypothesis of autism. PET measures of dopamine receptor target occupancy may be suitable to evaluate novel ASD therapeutics targeting the striatal dopamine system.
Effectiveness of booster BCG vaccination in preventing Covid-19 infection
Authors: Amirlak lradj , Haddad Rifat , Hardy John Denis , Khaled Naief Suleiman , Chung Michael H. , Amirlak Bardia 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe evidence that BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin) vaccine may increase the ability of the immune system to fight off pathogens other than tuberculosis has been studied in the past. This nonspecific immunity gained our interest, especially after initial reports of less cases in countries with universal BCG vaccination. In hopes of possible protective immunity, all staff of the Emirates International Hospital (United Arab Emirates) were offered a booster BCG vaccine in early March 2020. All the hospital staff were then tested for Covid-19 infection by the end of June 2020.MethodologyWe divided the subjects into two groups: booster vaccinated, versus unvaccinated. The rate of Covid-19 infection was compared between the groups. Criteria included all staff who were offered the vaccine.Results71 subjects received the booster vaccination. This group had zero cases of positive COVID 19 infection. 209 subjects did not receive the vaccination, with 18 positive PCR confirmed COVID 19 cases The infection rate in the unvaccinated group was 8.6% versus zero in the booster vaccinated group. (Fisher’s exact test p-value=0.004).ConclusionOur findings demonstrated the potential effectiveness of the booster BCG vaccine, specifically the booster in preventing Covid-19 infections in an elevated-risk healthcare population.