bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harm reduction drug policy in Israel: what has been accomplished and what still needs to be done?
Authors: Bonny-Noach Hagit 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The leading formal drug policy in Israel is the traditional approach of abstinence, probation, and punitive measures based on three main pillars: Enforcement, Treatment and Rehabilitation, and Prevention. However, under the treatment pillar, Israel has adopted a number of harm reduction services, focused mostly on people who use heroin and people who inject drugs. These include Methadone Maintenance Treatment, Buprenorphine Maintenance Treatment, and Needle and Syringe Exchange Programs. More specialized services are designated mostly for people who use drugs, who frequent the largest open drug scene in Tel-Aviv. These include a health clinic, an emergency apartment for female addict sex-workers, and a ‘First Step’ center. Even so, the harm reduction approach has remained controversial, stigmatized, and is considered a sub-category for total-abstinence treatment in Israel. This paper follows the evolution of harm reduction interventions in Israel among people who use drugs and sheds light on the lack of a comprehensive, well-planned, formal national harm reduction drug policy. Additionally, this article expresses concern over the uncertain future of Israel’s comprehensive and balanced drug treatment policies caused by the structural changes in abolishing the Israel Anti-Drug Authority, the statutory authority and central body in Israel that promoted and coordinated all national policies related to treatment and harm reduction.

Conclusions
Although it is a major challenge to translate worldwide evidence and research findings into action and social change, recommendations are offered to implement a comprehensive harm reduction drug policy led by a multidisciplinary group of policy-makers across all areas of drug policy. These focus on expanding and developing more services for Opioid Maintenance Therapy patients and people who inject drugs as well as a national effort to reduce high levels of stigma and discrimination against them, encompassing other common substances and focusing on populations such as adolescents and young adults that engage in other types of substance use such as cannabis, amphetamine-type stimulants, and hallucinogens.
Molecular and phenotypic characterization of clinical isolates belonging to a KPC-2-producing strain of ST15 Klebsiella pneumoniae from a Vietnamese pediatric hospital
Authors: Berglund Björn , Hoang Ngoc Thi Bich , Tärnberg Maria , Le Ngai Kien , Nilsson Maud , Khu Dung Thi Khanh , Svartström Olov , Welander Jenny , Nilsson Lennart E. , Olson Linus , Dien Tran Minh , Le Hai Thanh , Larsson Mattias , Hanberger Håkan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae are becoming increasingly common in hospital settings worldwide and are a source of increased morbidity, mortality and health care costs. The global epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae is characterized by different strains distributed geographically, with the strain ST258 being predominant in Europe and USA, and ST11 being most common in East Asia. ST15 is a less frequently occurring strain but has nevertheless been reported worldwide as a source of hospital outbreaks of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae.

Methods
In this study, whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was used to characterize 57 clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae belonging to a strain of ST15, which were collected at a Vietnamese pediatric hospital from February throughout September 2015.

Results
Aside from the carbapenem resistance gene blaKPC-2, which was carried by all isolates, prevalence of resistance genes to other antibiotics including aminoglycosides, macrolides, quinolones, fosfomycin and trimethoprim, was also high. All isolates were multidrug-resistant. Susceptibility was highest to ceftazidime/avibactam (96%), gentamicin (91%) and tigecycline (82%). Notably, the colistin resistance rate was very high (42%). Single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis indicated that most isolates belonged to a single clone.

Conclusions
The diverse variety of antibiotic resistance genes and the high antibiotic resistance rates to last-resort antibiotics such as carbapenems and colistin, is indicative of a highly adaptable strain. This emphasizes the importance of implementation of infection controls measures, continued monitoring of antibiotic resistance and prudent use of antibiotics to prevent further selection of resistant strains and the emergence of pan-resistant clones.
Correction to: Gilteritinib: a novel FLT3 inhibitor for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhao Juanjuan , Song Yongping , Liu Delong 
Published: October 2019

The original article [1] contains an error in the legend of Fig. 1 whereby it is incorrectly stated that MEC stands for ‘mitoprostate cancer using magnetic resonance imagingxantrone, etoposide, cyclophosphamide’. Correction to: Biomark Res (2019) 7:19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40364-019-0170-2
Intra-operative nasal compression after lateral osteotomy to minimize post-operative Peri-orbital ecchymosis and edema
Authors: Sowerby L. , Kim L. M. , Chow W. , Moore C. 
Published: October 2019

Introduction Post-operative periorbital ecchymosis and edema following rhinoplasty is a well-known sequela of surgery. Unfortunately, this can be a source of distress for patients, resulting in a longer post-operative recovery time and a delayed return to work. Trauma caused by lateral osteotomies is likely the most significant cause of periorbital edema and ecchymosis in rhinoplasty. There have been various strategies proposed to minimize swelling and ecchymosis with varying success rates and accompanied risks. Intraoperative nasal compression is one potential strategy that may reduce post-operative edema and ecchymosis with minimal risk. Objective To determine whether applying direct lateral nasal pressure intraoperatively immediately after performing lateral osteotomies reduces visible post-operative edema and ecchymosis. Methods A prospective, randomized blinded study on consecutive patients undergoing rhinoplasty with lateral osteotomies was conducted in a single academic tertiary care medical center. Each of the participants were randomized into direct pressure application post-lateral osteotomies on the right or the left hand side. Intra-operatively, direct lateral nasal pressure was performed on the pre-determined side for 5 min timed by stopwatch after osteotomy. Post-operatively, standard photographs were taken of the patient on post-operative days 1, 3, and 7. These photographs were then shown to 20 blinded-physicians and the degree of ecchymosis and edema was graded using a previously published scale. Results A total of 16 patients were included in this study. Based on our blinded-grading, 11 of the 16 patients had a clear global improvement in the degree of peri-orbital post-operative edema and ecchymosis with compression post lateral osteotomies. Based on the 3 blinded expert reviewers, Periorbital ecchymosis was significantly decreased on the ipsilateral side of pressure application in 10 of the 16 patients, and periorbital edema was significantly decreased in 13 of the 16 patients. The differential degree in periorbital ecchymosis was most pronounced on post-operative day 7. Patient factors such as gender, age, skin color, history of nasal trauma, side of pre-operative nasal deviation, and smoking status did not have a significant influence on the effect of pressure application post lateral osteotomies. Conclusions Application of direct continual lateral nasal pressure intraoperatively after performing lateral osteotomies can help reduce post-operative edema and ecchymosis up to post-operative day 7. This may lead to an overall improved appearance and subsequently an improved post-operative experience for the patient. Although the effect may be variable to some degree, this is an intervention with no additional risks involved and thus can be used in a safe manner.
Capture at the single cell level of metabolic modules distinguishing aggressive and indolent glioblastoma cells
Authors: Saurty-Seerunghen Mirca S. , Bellenger Léa , El-Habr Elias A. , Delaunay Virgile , Garnier Delphine , Chneiweiss Hervé , Antoniewski Christophe , Morvan-Dubois Ghislaine , Junier Marie-Pierre 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Glioblastoma cell ability to adapt their functioning to microenvironment changes is a source of the extensive intra-tumor heterogeneity characteristic of this devastating malignant brain tumor. A systemic view of the metabolic pathways underlying glioblastoma cell functioning states is lacking. We analyzed public single cell RNA-sequencing data from glioblastoma surgical resections, which offer the closest available view of tumor cell heterogeneity as encountered at the time of patients’ diagnosis. Unsupervised analyses revealed that information dispersed throughout the cell transcript repertoires encoded the identity of each tumor and masked information related to cell functioning states. Data reduction based on an experimentally-defined signature of transcription factors overcame this hurdle. It allowed cell grouping according to their tumorigenic potential, regardless of their tumor of origin. The approach relevance was validated using independent datasets of glioblastoma cell and tissue transcriptomes, patient-derived cell lines and orthotopic xenografts. Overexpression of genes coding for amino acid and lipid metabolism enzymes involved in anti-oxidative, energetic and cell membrane processes characterized cells with high tumorigenic potential. Modeling of their expression network highlighted the very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis pathway at the core of the network. Expression of its most downstream enzymatic component, ELOVL2, was associated with worsened patient survival, and required for cell tumorigenic properties in vivo. Our results demonstrate the power of signature-driven analyses of single cell transcriptomes to obtain an integrated view of metabolic pathways at play within the heterogeneous cell landscape of patient tumors.
Understanding cultural diversity and economic prosperity in Europe: a literature review and proposal of a culture–economy framework
Authors: Yong Enn Lun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIncreasingly, cultural diversity is being paid attention to by economists, signifying the importance of international allocation of human capital to world economic wellbeing. This paper attempts to understand how Europe can optimally benefit from cultural diversity while facing a spectrum of obstacles. Hypotheses tested by past studies are important but are generally limited by the multidimensional dynamics of the causality mechanism. This paper synthesizes the social, economic, and institutional element spiral within cultural diversity by proposing a culture–economy framework to understand economic prosperity. This paper is developed by three syntheses of the substantive literature: 1) identifying the research agenda of cultural diversity and economic prosperity, 2) conceptualizing the multidimensional dynamics from cultural diversity to economic prosperity, namely the culture–economy framework, and 3) understanding Asia–Europe relations with respect to cultural diversity and creative destruction. Intercultural learning amid complex interactions of identified elements between factor productivity and barriers was found to be the micro-foundation that links cultural diversity to economic prosperity in Europe. Cultural diversity was found to be the cause of richer ideas, heuristics, perspectives, and skills, suggesting the potential sustainability of economic prosperity with creativity-oriented policies in the region.
Safety and efficacy of a modified XELOX adjuvant regimen for patients with operated stage III colon cancer: a Chinese single‐center experience
Authors: Peng Jianhong , Li Weihao , Zhang Rongxin , Lin Junzhong , Tang Jinghua , Wen Yongshan , Lu Zhenhai , Wu Xiaojun , Pan Zhizhong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundA fixed 8‐cycle oxaliplatin and capecitabine (XELOX) regimen has been the standard adjuvant therapy for patients with stage III colon cancer. However, completing the full‐cycle of oxaliplatin is often associated with severe neurotoxicity. To spare patients from the toxic effects, without comprising the required efficacy, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of a modified XELOX (mXELOX) adjuvant chemotherapy regimen with 6 cycles of oxaliplatin and a full cycle of capecitabine.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 330 eligible patients with stage III colon cancer who underwent curative tumor resection followed by mXELOX, standard XELOX or unfinished XELOX adjuvant chemotherapy between December 2007 and April 2015. Associated prognostic factors were investigated and their disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were also determined and compared among the different regimen groups.ResultsCompared with the standard XELOX group, the mXELOX group had lower total incidence rates of neurotoxicity (39.3% vs. 76.2%, P < 0.001), leucopenia (53.6% vs. 69.8%, P = 0.017) and thrombocytopenia (38.1% vs. 56.3%, P = 0.011). The standard XELOX and mXELOX adjuvant chemotherapy regimens presented with comparable 3‐year DFS rates (86.3% vs. 89.2%; P = 0.838) and 3‐year OS rates (92.7% vs. 97.6%; P= 0.227). Compared to unfinished XELOX chemotherapy, the oncologic benefits of the mXELOX regimen were greater for patients with T4 tumors (3‐year DFS: Hazard ratio [HR], 2.184; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.051–4.540; P = 0.036; 3‐year OS: HR, 4.529; 95% CI 1.245–16.479; P = 0.022) and for high‐risk patients (3‐year DFS: HR, 1.962; 95% CI 0.964–3.993; P= 0.044; 3‐year OS: HR, 4.193; 95% CI 1.182–14.874; P = 0.026).ConclusionsThe mXELOX adjuvant chemotherapy presented a comparable survival benefit and lower incidence of toxicity than standard XELOX chemotherapy. It could be an alternative treatment for high‐risk patients with operated stage III colon cancer.
Genetic diversity and structure of Capsicum annuum as revealed by start codon targeted and directed amplified minisatellite DNA markers
Authors: Igwe David O. , Afiukwa Celestine A. , Acquaah George , Ude George N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIdentification of high resolving DNA-based markers is of paramount importance to unlock the potential of genetic diversity and selection of unique accessions ofCapsicum annuumL., within Cross River and Ebonyi States of Nigeria, for breeding and conservation. Therefore, we comparatively explored the effectiveness of start codon targeted (SCoT) and directed amplified minisatellite DNA (DAMD) markers for diversity analysis of the accessions. Fifteen accessions were collected for DNA extraction and amplifications with the markers.ResultsDendrograms from SCoT and DAMD categorized the accessions into five and three genetic groups, respectively, while the principal component analysis identified five genetic clusters, each from the markers. The average values of allele, gene diversity and polymorphic information content detected with SCoT and DAMD demonstrate that the two markers were effective and efficient, especially, SCoT in genetic diversity study of the accessions of pepper. Number of polymorphic loci (NPL) and percentage polymorphic loci (PPL) from SCoT (NPL = 64, PPL = 80.00–95.73%) and DAMD (NPL = 56, PPL = 53.33–86.67%) were high, but higher in SCoT markers. Other effective genetic parameters (effective number of alleles, Nei’s genetic diversity and Shannon’s information indices) identified with the two marker systems elucidated the allelic richness, rich genetic diversity within the populations and informative nature of the markers, especially SCoT. The intraspecific genetic diversity, interspecific genetic diversity, and coefficient of differentiation obtained with SCoT and DAMD further exposed the genetic structure with more genetic divergence within than among the populations of the accessions. Estimate of gene flow from the SCoT markers was 3.8375 and 0.6.2042 for the DAMD markers. The estimate of gene flow values from the markers indicated extensiveness with SCoT (Nm = 3.8375) and extremely extensive with DAMD (Nm = 6.2042) among the populations.ConclusionThis study shows that SCoT markers may be more useful and informative than DAMD in measuring genetic diversity and differentiation of the accessions of the genusCapsicum. Genetic parameters obtained with SCoT showed that the accessions from Cross River were more genetically diverse than the ones from Ebonyi State. Therefore, SCoT may be a preferred marker in evaluating genetic diversity for improvement and conservation of this spicy crop,C. capsicum.
The gendered division of housework and fertility intention in Turkey
Authors: Kavas Serap 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIt is increasingly acknowledged that an equal sharing of domestic labour in a household influences women’s childbearing behavior in a positive way. Despite the growing literature on this association, there is little research exploring this phenomenon in the Middle Eastern setting. Using intensive interviews with women (n = 32), I examine how the division of domestic labour is connected to women’s intention to continue childbearing in Turkey, an understudied region. The study finds that husbands’ housework share is positively related to women’s fertility intention for an additional child in Turkey. The gender revolution framework offers an explanation for fertility and gender relationship in Turkey; however, the fact that only a small number of sampled women enjoyed domestic equality and greater desire to continue childbearing suggests that the gender revolution is just evolving in this environment.
Obstacles to advancing women’s health in Mozambique: a qualitative investigation into the perspectives of policy makers
Authors: Qiu Mary , Sawadogo-Lewis Talata , Ngale Katia , Cane Réka Maulide , Magaço Amilcar , Roberton Timothy 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Despite substantial investment in women’s health over the past two decades, and enthusiastic government support for MDG 5 and SDG 3, health indicators for women in Mozambique remain among the lowest in the world. Maternal mortality stayed constant from 2003 to 2011, with an MMR of 408; the estimated HIV prevalence for women of 15–24 years is over twice that for men; and only 12.1% of women are estimated to be using modern contraception. This study explores the perspectives of policy makers in the Mozambican health system and affiliates on the challenges that are preventing Mozambique from achieving greater gains in women’s health.

Methods
We conducted in-depth interviews with 39 senior- and mid-level policy makers in the Ministry of Health and affiliated institutions (32 women, 7 men). Participants were sampled using a combination of systematic random sampling and snowball sampling. Participants were asked about their experiences formulating and implementing health policies and programs, what is needed to improve women’s health in Mozambique, and the barriers and opportunities to achieving such improvement.

Results
Participants unanimously argued that women’s health is already sufficiently prioritized in national health policies and strategies in Mozambique; the problem, rather, is the implementation and execution of existing women’s health policies and programs. Participants raised challenges related to the policy making process itself, including an ever-changing, fragmented decision-making process, lack of long-term perspective, weak evaluation, and misalignment of programs across sectors. The disproportionate influence of donors was also mentioned, with lack of ownership, rapid transitions, and vertical programming limiting the scope for meaningful change. Finally, participants reported a disconnect between policy makers at the national level and realities on the ground, with poor dissemination of strategies, limited district resources, and poor consideration of local cultural contexts.

Conclusions
To achieve meaningful gains in women’s health in Mozambique, more focus must be placed on resolving the bottleneck that is the implementation of existing policies. Barriers to implementation exist across multiple health systems components, therefore, solutions to address them must also reach across these multiple components. A holistic approach to strengthening the health system across multiple sectors and at multiple levels is needed.
Inducing tunable single-mode operation of Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser coupled with very-short cavity with selective optical feedback
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Mohammed S. , Bakry Ahmed , Ahmed Moustafa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We report on achieving tuned single mode operation of a multimode semiconductor laser by coupling it to a very-short external cavity with selective feedback. We show that the induced uniform feedback light from the very-short external cavity can induce single-mode oscillation over a broad range of optical feedback. Then by applying selective external to the optimum settings of the single-mode oscillation, we predict tuning of the single-mode output over a wavelength range of ~ 20 nm by detuning the peak wavelength of optical feedback from the central wavelength of the modal gain. The study is based on modeling of the dynamics of multimode semiconductor laser subject to selective optical feedback. The model takes into account mechanisms of both self- and cross-modal gain suppression, and the study is concerned with the very-short external cavity that corresponds to stable continuous-wave (CW) operation.
Inhalation exposure to respirable particulate matter among workers in relation to their e-waste open burning activities in Buriram Province, Thailand
Authors: Bungadaeng Sarasanant , Prueksasit Tassanee , Siriwong Wattasit 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The mass concentrations of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5–10) particulate matter were determined directly from breathing zones of e-waste dismantling workers during the primitive open burning processes using a Personal Modular Impactor connected to a personal air sampler. The average concentration of PM2.5–10 was 441 ± 496 μg m− 3 (N = 33), and for PM2.5, the average concentration was 2774 ± 4713 μg m− 3 (N = 33). Additionally, the concentrations of PM10, which were the summation of PM2.5 and PM2.5–10 concentrations, had an average concentration of 3215 ± 4858 μg m− 3 (N = 33). The average PM2.5 mass concentrations accounted for 75 ± 18% from those of PM10, suggesting that PM2.5 was the main component of particulate matter that the workers were exposed to during the burning activity. The study also found that increased amounts of burnt e-waste significantly influenced the concentrations of coarse and fine particles emitted. Moreover, the Pearson’s correlation showed a positive relationship between each type of PM mass concentrations and their own total weighted scores of activity patterns. The results indicated that the activity that most increased the exposure concentration of PM2.5 was mixing e-waste on fire. In contrast, the activities that influenced the exposure of PM2.5–10 are mechanical activities, such as compiling and sweeping of e-waste, which are processes that emit and spread larger sizes of particulate matter into the air around the working environment.