bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of IRS on malaria prevalence and incidence using pirimiphos-methyl in the context of pyrethroids resistance in Koulikoro region, Mali
Authors: Kané Fousseyni , Keïta Moussa , Traoré Boïssé , Diawara Sory Ibrahim , Bane Sidy , Diarra Souleymane , Sogoba Nafomon , Doumbia Seydou 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Koulikoro Health District is one of three districts of Mali where the indoor residual spray (IRS) has been implemented from 2008 to 2016. With widespread of resistance to pyrothroid, IRS was shifted from pyrethroid to pirimiphos-methyl from 2014 to 2016. We assessed the added value of IRS to LLINs on the prevalence of parasitemia and malaria incidence among children under 10 years old. Methods: A comparative study was carried out to assess the effects of pirimiphos-methyl based IRS on malaria prevalence and incidence among children from 6 months to 10 years old in selected pyrethroid resistance villages of two health districts in Mali: one where IRS was implemented in combination with LLINs (intervention area) and one with LLINs-only (control area). Two cross-sectional surveys were carried out at the beginning (June) and end of the rainy season (October) to assess seasonal changes in malaria parasitemia by microscopy. A passive detection case (PCD) was set-up in each study village for 9 months to estimate the incidence of malaria using RDT. Results: Malaria parasitemia increased by 50% in the control area (14% to 42%) from June to October and by only 17.9% in the IRS area (9.2% to 13.2%). The overall malaria incidence rate was 2.7 per 100 person-months in the IRS area compared with 6.8 per 100 person-month in the control areas. The Log-rank test of Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that children living in IRS area remain much longer free from malaria (Hazard ratio (HR)=0.45, CI 95% = 0.37-0.54) than children of the control area (P < 0.0001).Conclusions: IRS using pirimiphos-methyl has been successful in reducing substantially both the prevalence and the incidence of malaria in children under 10 years old in the area of pyrethroid resistance of Koulikoro, Mali. Pirimiphos-methyl is a better alternative for IRS in areas with widespread of pyrethroid resistance.
Young Medical Doctors’ Perspectives on Professionalism: A Qualitative Study Conducted in Public Hospitals in Pakistan
Authors: Jalil Aisha , Mehmood Qaisar Khalid , Fischer Florian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Professionalism is amongst the major dimensions indicating the competence of medical doctors. A low professionalism affects the overall outcome of healthcare services. This study explores the perspectives of young medical doctors on professionalism in Pakistan.Methods: A qualitative study based on in-depth interviews was conducted with 60 young medical doctors, aged less than 40 years, who studied medicine in Pakistani universities, were Pakistani nationals, and were employed at various hierarchal levels from house officer to consultant specialist in public tertiary hospitals in Pakistan. The respondents were identified through a multistage maximum heterogeneity sampling strategy. A semi-structured interview guide was developed based on a previous extensive literature review. Written consent was obtained from the hospitals and study participants. Qualitative thematic analysis was applied to analyse the data. Results: The data analysis revealed that the rigidity of opinions, unacceptability of contrasting perspectives, false pride and perceived superiority over other professions and patients as major components of low medical professionalism. Most of the young doctors believed that there is no need to include professionalism and humanity course modules in the medical curriculum, because topics related to social sciences are deemed irrelevant to medicine and judged as common sense. The doctors recognised high professionalism in themselves, while reporting unprofessional behaviour demonstrated by their colleagues and paramedics. Other factors contributing to low medical professionalism included the use of social media applications during duty hours, ridiculing the patients, substance use such as cigarettes in the office, referrals of complicated cases to other hospitals, freeing up beds before holidays, lack of cooperation from the paramedical staff, inadequate role models and inappropriate salaries. Conclusions: Low medical professionalism among young doctors needs to be addressed by policymakers. Lack of training about professionalism, ethical service delivery, performance monitoring and evaluation mechanisms at public hospitals are contributing to substandard medical practice. There is a need to revisit the medical curriculum to strengthen professionalism. It is essential to develop the qualities of tolerance, teachability and acceptance in the doctors for facilitating interprofessional collaborations and avoiding medical errors.
An unlabelled probe-based real time PCR and modified semi-nested PCR as molecular tools for analysis of chloroquine resistant Plasmodium vivax isolates from Afghanistan
Authors: Mosawi Sayed Hussain , Dalimi Abdolhossein , Safi Najibullah , Fotouhi-Ardakani Reza , Ghaffarifar Fatemeh , Sadraei Javid 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine (CQ) has been reported from many endemic regions in the world. Plasmodium vivax is responsible for 95% of malaria cases in Afghanistan and CQ is the first-line treatment given for treatment of vivax malaria. The pvmdr-1 and pvcrt-o (K10 insertion) genes are possible markers for CQ-resistance in P. vivax isolates. There have been no studies done on the presence or absence of molecular markers for CQ-resistance P. vivax in Afghanistan. The present work aimed to evaluate the frequency of mutations in the pvmdr-1 and K10 insertion in the pvcrt-o genes of P. vivax.Methods Plasmodium vivax isolates were collected from Laghman, Baghlan and Khost provinces. For investigation of polymorphisms of desired regions in pvmdr-1 and pvcrt-o genes, sequencing was applied on the PCR products. A new asymmetric qPCR and melting analysis assay based on unlabelled probe developed for scanning of K10 insertion in pvcrt-o gene. Results The analysis of sequencing data of the pvmdr-1 gene showed wild type Y976 and K997 and mutant M958 and L1076 in 33 isolates from three provinces. Of the 36 samples evaluated for K10 insertion in pvcrt-o, 2/18(11%), 0/10(0%) and 0/8(0%) isolates from Laghman, Baghlan and Khost province, respectively, possessed K10 insertion, confirmed by either sequencing and unlabelled probes.Conclusion Two samples with K10 insertion and 33 samples with pvmdr1 polymorphism, indicating on the possibility of CQ resistance in P. vivax populations in Afghanistan. Furthermore, unlabelled probes are simple and inexpensive alternative tools for screening of P. vivax mutations.
Genetic evidence for imported malaria and local transmission in Richard Toll, Senegal
Authors: Volkman Sarah K. , Sarr Oumar , Steketee Richard W. , Schaffner Stephen F. , Dieye Yakou , Dieng Gnagna , Hainsworth Michael , Fall Fatou B. , Diouf Coumba Ndoffene , Ndiop Medoune , Cissé Moustapha , Gueye Alioune Badara , Guinot Philippe , Daniels Rachel F. , Deme Awa B. , Bei Amy K. , Sy Mouhamad , Thwing Julie , MacInnis Bronwyn , Earle Duncan , Guinovart Caterina , Sene Doudou , Hartl Daniel L. , Ndiaye Daouda , Wirth Dyann F. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Malaria elimination efforts can be undermined by imported malaria infections. Imported infections are classified based on travel history. Methods: We applied a genetic strategy to better understand the contribution of imported infections and to test for local transmission in the very low prevalence region of Richard Toll, Senegal. Results: Genetic relatedness analysis, based upon molecular barcode genotyping data derived from diagnostic material, provided evidence for both imported infections and ongoing local transmission in Richard Toll. Evidence for imported malaria included finding that a large proportion of Richard Toll parasites were genetically related to parasites from Thiès, Senegal, a region of moderate transmission with extensive available genotyping data. Evidence for ongoing local transmission included finding parasites of identical genotype that persisted across multiple transmission seasons as well as enrichment of highly related infections within the households of non-travelers compared to travelers. Conclusions: These data indicate that, while a large number of infections may have been imported, there remains ongoing local malaria transmission in Richard Toll. These proof-of-concept findings underscore the value of genetic data to identify parasite relatedness and patterns of transmission to inform optimal intervention selection and placement.
Newborn hearing screening coverage and detection rates of hearing impairment across China from 2008-2016
Authors: Yuan Xuelian , Deng Kui , Zhu Jun , Xiang Liangcheng , Yao Yongna , Li Qi , Li Xiaohong , Liu Hanmin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Newborn hearing screening (NHS) can reduce the economic and social burden of hearing impairment. To track the progress of the goal set by the National Program of Action for Child Development (NPACD) and to estimate the detection rates of hearing impairment, the present study examined NHS coverage in 2008-2010 and 2016 and the detection of hearing impairment across China in 2016. Methods: Licensed medical institutions across China were surveyed in 2012 and 2018 by the National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring of China to collect data for the 2008-2010 period and for 2016 on live births, initial screening rates (total and failed), secondary screening rates (total and failed), and rates of hearing impairment diagnosis among infants who failed secondary screening. To calculate universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) coverage, the number of newborns who received NHS within four weeks after birth was divided by the number of live births. The detection rate of hearing impairment was calculated by combining failure rates on primary and secondary screening with the rate of diagnosis. Results: National UNHS coverage increased from 29.9% in 2008 to 86.5% in 2016, with different regions showing different increases. During this period, the number of provinces with UNHS coverage over 90.0% increased from 2 to 17, with UNHS coverage in 2016 being substantially higher in eastern provinces (93.1%) than in western provinces (79.4%). In 2016, the detection rate of hearing impairment across the country was 0.23% (95% CI 0.15-0.25%), and it varied from 0.17% in western provinces to 0.22% in central provinces and 0.28% in eastern provinces. The lowest rate was 0.02% in Heilongjiang Province and the highest rate was 0.63% in Hainan Province. Conclusions: National UNHS coverage increased substantially from 2008 to 2016, although provinces and regions still showed differences. The detection rate of infant hearing impairment in China is comparable to that in other countries. A national individual-level information system is urgently needed in China to facilitate the integration of screening, diagnosis and treatment of infant hearing impairment, which may also lead to a more accurate estimate of the detection rate.
CRISPR-Assisted Detection of RNA-Protein Interactions in Living Cells
Authors: Yi Wenkai , Li Jingyu , Zhu Xiaoxuan , Wang Xi , Fan Ligang , Sun Wenju , Liao Linbu , Zhang Jilin , Li Xiaoyu , Ye Jing , Chen Fulin , Taipale Jussi , Chan Kui Ming , Zhang Liang , Yan Jian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Delineating the protein network associated with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is fundamental to understanding the functional mechanisms of lncRNAs. Current methods to identify lncRNA-binding proteins either rely on crosslinking-mediated complex co-precipitation or require extensive molecular engineering, leading to drawbacks such as loss of cellular context and low capture efficiency. Here we describe a CRISPR-Assisted RNA-Protein Interaction Detection method (CARPID), which leverages CRISPR/CasRx-based RNA targeting and proximity labeling, to rapidly capture binding proteins of specific lncRNAs in their native cellular context followed by LC-MS/MS identification. Applied to a variety of lncRNAs of different lengths and subcellular localizations, CARPID is proven to be a reliable and robust tool to discover the binding proteins of lncRNAs inside living cells.
Preconditioning with rHMGB1 ameliorates lung ischemia–reperfusion injury through inhibiting alveolar macrophages pyroptosis via Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway
Authors: Fei Lin , Jingyuan Xiao , Fangte Liang , Huijun Dai , Liu Ye , Ren Jing , Jinyuan Lin , Pan Linghui 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a common and complex pathophysiological process that can lead to poor patient outcomes. Inflammasome-dependent macrophage pyroptosis contributes to organ damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Oxidative stress reaction and antioxidant enzymes also play an important role in LIRI. This experiment was conducted to investigate whether preconditioning with rHMGB1 could ameliorate LIRI and explore the mechanisms of its protective effect in a lung I/R mice model. Methods: Adult male mice were anesthetized and the left hilus pulmonis was clamped for 60 min, followed by 120 min of reperfusion. rHMGB1 was performed by intraperitoneal injection at 2 h before anesthesia. Brusatol (Nrf2 antagonist) was given intraperitoneally every other day for a total of five times before surgery. Measurements of pathohistological lung tissue damage, pulmonary wet/dry (W/D) ratios and inflammatory mediators were performed to assess the extent of lung injury after I/R. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) pyroptosis were evaluated by LDH release, caspase-1 expression in flow cytometry, GSDMD expression in immunofluorescent staining. The products of oxidative Stress (ROS, MDA, 15-F2t-Isoprostane) and the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH-PX, CAT) were detected.Results: Preconditioning with rHMGB1 significantly ameliorated I/R-induced lung injury through measuring the morphology, wet/dry weight ratio, the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB and HMGB1 in lung tissue. rHMGB1 preconditioning remarkably alleviated AMs pyroptosis induced by lung I/R. rHMGB1 preconditioning significantly reduced oxidative stress and restored the activity of antioxidative enzymes. In addition, rHMGB1 preconditioning mediated the activity of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in LIRI. Furthermore, inhibiting Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway through brusatol administration could aggravate lung tissue damage and inflammatory response after lung I/R. And these effects by brusatol administration could be alleviated by rHMGB1 preconditioning in LIRI .Conclusions : rHMGB1 preconditioning protects against LIRI through suppressing AMs pyroptosis. The molecular mechanism could be partially explained by inhibiting oxidative stress and improving the activity of antioxidative enzymes via Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway upon rHMGB1 preconditioning.
iTRAQ protein profile analysis of sugar beet under salt stress: different coping mechanisms in leaves and roots
Authors: Li Junliang , Cui Jie , Cheng Dayou , Dai Cuihong , Liu Tianjiao , Wang Congyu , Luo Chengfei 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Salinity is one of the most serious threats to world agriculture. An important sugar-yielding crop sugar beet, which shows some tolerance to salt via a mechanism that is poorly understood. Proteomics data can provide important clues that can contribute to finally understand this mechanism.Results: Differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in sugar beet under salt stress treatment were identified in leaves (70 DAPs) and roots (76 DAPs). Functions of these DAPs were predicted, and included metabolism and cellular, environmental information and genetic information processing. We hypothesize that these processes work in concert to maintain cellular homeostasis. Some DAPs are closely related to salt resistance, such as choline monooxygenase, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and F-type H+-transporting ATPase. The expression pattern of ten DAPs encoding genes was consistent with the iTRAQ data.Conclusions: During sugar beet adaptation to salt stress, leaves and roots cope using distinct mechanisms of molecular metabolism regulation. This study provides significant insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the response of higher plants to salt stress, and identified some candidate proteins involved in salt stress countermeasures.
Expression and clinical significance of LAG-3, FGL1, PD-L1 and CD8+T cells in hepatocellular carcinoma using Multiplex Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Guo Mengzhou , Yuan Feifei , Qi Feng , Sun Jialei , Rao Qianwen , Zhao Zhiying , Huang Peixin , Fang Tingting , Yang Biwei , jinglin xia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) - Lymphocyte activating gene 3 (LAG-3) pathway is a promising immunotherapeutic target and has synergistic effect with programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). However, the prognostic significance of FGL1-LAG-3 pathway and the correlation with PD-L1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown.Methods: The levels of LAG-3, FGL1, PD-L1 and cytotoxic T (CD8+T) cells in 143 HCC patients were assessed by multiplex immunofluorescence. Associations between the marker’s expression and clinical significances were studied.Results: We found FGL1 and LAG-3 densities were elevated while PD-L1 and CD8 were decreased in HCC tissues compared to adjacent normal liver tissues. High levels of FGL1 were strongly associated with high densities of LAG-3+cells but not PD-L1. CD8+ T cells densities had positive correlation with PD-L1 levels and negative association with FGL1 expression. Elevated densities of LAG-3+cells and low levels of CD8+ T cells were correlated with poor disease outcome. Moreover, LAG-3+cells deteriorated patient stratification based on the abundance of CD8+ T cells. Patients with positive PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (PD-L1 TC+) tended to have an improved survival than that with negative PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (PD-L1 TC-). Furthermore, PD-L1 TC- in combination with high densities of LAG-3+cells showed the worst prognosis, and PD-L1 TC+ patients with low densities of LAG-3+cells had the best prognosis.Conclusions: LAG-3, FGL1, PD-L1 and CD8 have distinct tissue distribution and relationships with each other. High levels of LAG-3+cells and CD8+ T cells represent unfavorable and favorable prognostic biomarkers for HCC respectively.
Survival after Curative Resection for Stage I Colorectal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Huang Liang , Luo Shuangling , Lai Sicong , Cai Yonghua , Liu Zhanzhen , Hu Huanxin , Zeng Ziwei , Xian Cory J , Dong Jianghui , Wang Liping , Kang Liang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The prognostic value of the mucinous adenocarcinoma histotype on the early stages especially for stage I colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unclear. This study determined the clinicopathologic characteristics and long-term outcome of stage I colorectal mucinous adenocarcinomas (MAC). Methods: Among the total of 503 patients with stage I CRC (56 having MAC and 447 having non-MAC) who underwent radical resection, the correlation between clinicopathological factors and MAC was analyzed. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine whether mucinous histotype itself was an independent prognostic impact in stage I patients. Results: MACs were observed more frequently located in the colon than rectum (p=0.046), more frequently displayed the microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype (p=0.023) and had a greater frequency of T2 stage (p=0.001). The rate of recurrence was 13.5% and the cancer-specific mortality was 4.3% among all stage I CRC patients. There was no difference in disease-free survival and overall survival between MACs and non-MACs. On multivariate analysis, older age (p=0.030，hazard ratio: 2.62), rectal cancer (p=0.025, hazard ratio: 5.42), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (p<0.001, hazard ratio: 9.74), and microsatellite stability (MSS) phenotypes (p=0.023, hazard ratio: 4.21) were independently associated to poor survival of stage I CRC. A high carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (p=0.031, hazard ratio: 1.95), rectal cancer (p=0.045, hazard ratio: 1.64), LVI (p=0.002, hazard ratio: 3.95) and MSS phenotypes (p=0.012, hazard ratio: 2.98) were independently related to short disease-free survival of stage I CRC.Conclusions: Compared with non-MAC, MAC patients had more T2 patients and more MSI phenotypes in stage I CRC at presentation, but the mucinous histology is not a significant predictor of recurrence and prognosis in stage I CRC.
Looking for Paint Mixtures to Glimpse Pictorial Techniques: A Micro -Stratigraphic Physicochemical Approach to the Rock Art From the Oyola’s Caves (Argentina)
Authors: Gheco Lucas Ignacio , Marcos Tascon , Eugenia Ahets Etcheberry , Quesada Marcos Nicolás , Fernando Marte 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Could not be possible that rock paintings with similar hues and morphologies were the result of different paint preparations inside a cave but distanced in time? Is there any archaeometric approach that allow us to evidence these subtle differences? Aiming to address these inquires, in this work are presented the potentials of new physicochemical lines of evidence for characterization and differentiation of paint mixtures. This will improve the understanding of the technical heterogeneity and temporal complexity of painting sets executed in a particular archaeological site. In order to explore these points, the results obtained in the micro-stratigraphic studies of samples taken from the painted walls of Oyola, an archaeological site located in the northwest of Argentina, are presented. These samples have been analyzed by micro-Raman spectroscopy (mRS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDS). The differences found by cross-section chemical studies could be explained as a consequence of two situations: 1- differences in the painting’s chemical components, either in the pigments involved or additives used; and, 2- differences in the physical properties of the mixtures such as stratum thickness and/or particle size. Also, in this article are explained each of the hypothesis, presenting the limits of these interpretations and pointing out future research challenges. As we discussed, it could be possible that the chemical and physical differences found between paint mixtures were the material expression of varied types of pictorial techniques.