bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase KCS13 regulates the cold response in cotton by modulating lipid and oxylipin biosynthesis
Authors: Wang Qiongshan , Du Xueqiong , Zhou Ying , Xie Lijuan , Bie Shu , Tu Lili , Zhang Na , Yang Xiyan , Xiao Shi , Zhang Xianlong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Cold stress is a key environmental factor that affects plant development and productivity. In this study, RNA-seq in cotton following cold-stress treatment resulted in the identification of 5239 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two cultivars with differing sensitivity to low temperatures, among which GhKCS13 was found to be involved in the response. Transgenic plants overexpressing GhKCS13 showed increased sensitivity to cold stress. KEGG analysis of 418 DEGs in both GhKCS13-overexpressing and RNAi lines after treatment at 4 °C indicated that lipid biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism were related to cold stress. ESI-MS/MS analysis showed that overexpression of GhKCS13 led to modifications in the composition of sphingolipids and glycerolipids in the leaves, which might alter the fluidity of the cell membrane under cold conditions. In particular, differences in levels of jasmonic acid (JA) in GhKCS13 transgenic lines suggested that, together with lysophospholipids, it might mediate the cold-stress response. Our results suggest that overexpression of GhKCS13 probably causes remodeling of lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum and biosynthesis of lipid-derived JA in chloroplasts, which might account for the increased sensitivity to cold stress in the transgenic plants. Complex interactions between lipid components, lipid signaling molecules, and JA appear to determine the response to cold stress in cotton.
Structure and instability of the ionization fronts around moving black holes
Authors: Sugimura Kazuyuki , Ricotti Massimo 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we focus on understanding the physical processes that lead to stable or unstable ionization fronts (I-fronts) observed in simulations of moving black holes (BHs). The front instability may trigger bursts of gas accretion, rendering the BH significantly more luminous than at steady state. We perform a series of idealized three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations resolving the I-fronts around BHs of mass MBH and velocity $v$∞ accreting from a medium of density nH. The I-front, with radius RI, transitions from D-type to R-type as the BH velocity becomes larger than a critical value $v_\mathrm{R}\sim 40\, \mathrm{km\,s}^{-1}$. The D-type front is preceded by a bow-shock of thickness ΔRI that decreases as $v$∞ approaches $v$R. We find that both D-type and R-type fronts can be unstable given the following two conditions: (i) for D-type fronts the shell thickness must be ΔRI/RI &lt; 0.05 (i.e. $v_\infty \gtrsim 20\, \mathrm{km\,s}^{ -1}$), while no similar restriction holds for R-type fronts; (ii) the temperature jump across the I-front must be TII/TI &gt; 3. This second condition is satisfied if $T_\mathrm{I}\lt 5000\, \mathrm{K}$ or if $n_\mathrm{H}\, M_\mathrm{BH} \gtrsim 10^6\, M_\odot \, \mathrm{cm^{-3}}$. Due to X-ray pre-heating typically $T_\mathrm{I} \sim 10^4\, \mathrm{K}$, unless the D-type shell is optically thick to X-rays, which also happens when $n_\mathrm{H}\, M_\mathrm{BH}$ is greater than a metallicity-dependent critical value. We thus conclude that I-fronts around BHs are unstable only for relatively massive BHs moving trough very dense molecular clouds. We briefly discuss the observational consequences of the X-ray luminosity bursts likely associated with this instability.
Measuring the mass of the supermassive black hole of the lenticular galaxy NGC 4546
Authors: Ricci T V , Steiner J E 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Most galaxies with a well-structured bulge host a supermassive black hole (SMBH) in their centre. Stellar kinematics models applied to adaptive optics (AO) assisted integral field unit observations are well-suited to measure the SMBH mass (MBH) and also the total mass-to-light ratio [(M/L)TOT] and possible anisotropies in the stellar velocity distribution in the central region of galaxies. In this work, we used new AO assisted Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectrometer (NIFS) observations and also photometric data from the Hubble Space Telescope Legacy Archive of the galaxy NGC 4546 in order to determine its SMBH mass. To do this, we applied the Jeans Anisotropic Modelling (JAM) method to fit the average second velocity moment in the line of sight $(\overline{v^2_{\mathrm{ los}}})$ of the stellar structure. In addition, we also obtained (M/L)TOT and the classical anisotropy parameter βz = 1-(σz/σR)2 for this object within a field of view of 200 × 200 pc2. Maps of the stellar radial velocity and of the velocity dispersion were built for this galaxy using the penalized pixel fitting (ppxf) technique. We applied the Multi Gaussian Expansion procedure to fit the stellar brightness distribution. Using JAM, the best-fitting model for $\overline{v^2_{\mathrm{ los}}}$ of the stellar structure was obtained with (M/L)TOT = 4.34 ± 0.07 (Johnson’s R band), MBH = (2.56 ± 0.16) × 108 M⊙ and βz = −0.015 ± 0.03 (3σ confidence level). With these results, we found that NGC 4546 follows the MBH × σ relation. We also measured the central velocity dispersion within a radius of 1 arcsec of this object as σc = 241 ± 2 km s−1.
The velocity structure of Cygnus OB2
Authors: Arnold Becky , Goodwin Simon P , Wright Nicholas J 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
The kinematic structure of the Cygnus OB2 association is investigated. No evidence of expansion or contraction is found at any scale within the region. Stars that are within ∼0.5 pc of one another are found to have more similar velocities than would be expected by random chance, and so it is concluded that velocity substructure exists on these scales. At larger scales velocity substructure is not found. We suggest that bound substructures exist on scales of ∼0.5 pc, despite the region as a whole being unbound. We further suggest that any velocity substructure that existed on scales &gt; 0.5  pc has been erased. The results of this study are then compared to those of other kinematic studies of Cygnus OB2.
Sub-Neptune formation: the view from resonant planets
Authors: Choksi Nick , Chiang Eugene 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
The orbital period ratios of neighbouring sub-Neptunes are distributed asymmetrically near first-order resonances. There are deficits of systems – ‘troughs’ in the period ratio histogram – just short of commensurability, and excesses – ‘peaks’ – just wide of it. We reproduce quantitatively the strongest peak-trough asymmetries, near the 3:2 and 2:1 resonances, using dissipative interactions between planets and their natal discs. Disc eccentricity damping captures bodies into resonance and clears the trough, and when combined with disc-driven convergent migration, draws planets initially wide of commensurability into the peak. The migration implied by the magnitude of the peak is modest; reductions in orbital period are ∼10 per cent, supporting the view that sub-Neptunes complete their formation more-or-less in situ. Once captured into resonance, sub-Neptunes of typical mass $\sim \,$5–15M⊕ stay captured (contrary to an earlier claim), as they are immune to the overstability that afflicts lower mass planets. Driving the limited, short-scale migration is a gas disc depleted in mass relative to a solar-composition disc by three to five orders of magnitude. Such gas-poor but not gas-empty environments are quantitatively consistent with sub-Neptune core formation by giant impacts (and not, e.g. pebble accretion). While disc-planet interactions at the close of the planet formation era adequately explain the 3:2 and 2:1 asymmetries at periods $\gtrsim \, $5–15 d, subsequent modification by stellar tides appears necessary at shorter periods, particularly for the 2:1.
Crystal structure and interactions of the Tof1–Csm3 (Timeless–Tipin) fork protection complex
Authors: Grabarczyk Daniel B 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe Tof1–Csm3 fork protection complex has a central role in the replisome—it promotes the progression of DNA replication forks and protects them when they stall, while also enabling cohesion establishment and checkpoint responses. Here, I present the crystal structure of the Tof1–Csm3 complex from Chaetomium thermophilum at 3.1 Å resolution. The structure reveals that both proteins together form an extended alpha helical repeat structure, which suggests a mechanical or scaffolding role for the complex. Expanding on this idea, I characterize a DNA interacting region and a cancer-associated Mrc1 binding site. This study provides the molecular basis for understanding the functions of the Tof1–Csm3 complex, its human orthologue the Timeless–Tipin complex and additionally the Drosophila circadian rhythm protein Timeless.
Neuro-Oncology Practice Clinical Debate: long-term antiepileptic drug prophylaxis in patients with glioma
Authors: Stocksdale Brian , Nagpal Seema , Hixson John D , Johnson Derek R , Rai Prashant , Shivaprasad Akhil , Tremont-Lukats Ivo W 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Patients with primary brain tumors often experience seizures, which can be the presenting symptom or occur for the first time at any point along the illness trajectory. In addition to causing morbidity, seizures negatively affect independence and quality of life in other ways, for example, by leading to loss of driving privileges. Long-term therapy with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is the standard of care in brain tumor patients with seizures, but the role of prophylactic AEDs in seizure-naive patients remains controversial. In this article, experts in the field discuss the issues of AED efficacy and toxicity, and explain their differing recommendations for routine use of prophylactic AEDs.
Microbial Etiology of Pyogenic Vertebral Osteomyelitis According to Patient Characteristics
Authors: Kim Dong Youn , Kim Uh Jin , Yu Yohan , Kim Seong-Eun , Kang Seung-Ji , Jun Kang-Il , Kang Chang Kyung , Song Kyoung-Ho , Choe Pyoeng Gyun , Kim Eu Suk , Kim Hong Bin , Jang Hee-Chang , Jung Sook In , Oh Myoung-don , Park Kyung-Hwa , Kim Nam Joong 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background
It is difficult to select an appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment regimen for patients with culture-negative pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis (PVO). Having knowledge of the distribution of microorganisms according to patient characteristics can help clinicians make informed choices regarding empirical antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the microbial distribution among individuals with PVO according to their demographic and clinical characteristics.

Methods
We reviewed the medical records of patients admitted to our hospital with culture-confirmed PVO between January 2005 and December 2017 and collected data on demographics, underlying diseases, and radiographic and microbiological results. Statistical analysis was performed to identify associations between specific bacteria and specific patient characteristics.

Results
A total of 586 patients were included in the study. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus infections was higher in young patients than in old patients, while gram-negative bacterial infections and Enterococcus were more prevalent in older patients. Gram-negative bacterial infections were more common in women than in men (32.1% vs 16.4%; P &lt; .05), in patients with cirrhosis than in those without (32.7% vs 21.1%; P &lt; .05), and in patients with a solid tumor than in those without (31.0% vs 20.7%; P &lt; .05). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections were more prevalent in patients with chronic renal disease than in those without (34.4% vs 14.7%; P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
The microbial etiology of PVO varies according to patient characteristics. Patient characteristics should thus be considered when choosing empirical antibiotics in patients with culture-negative PVO.
The Origin of Plagiogranites: Coupled SIMS O Isotope Ratios, U–Pb Dating and Trace Element Composition of Zircon from the Troodos Ophiolite, Cyprus
Authors: Morag Navot , Golan Tzahi , Katzir Yaron , Coble Matthew A , Kitajima Kouki , Valley John W 
Published: May 2020

AbstractU–Pb ages, trace element content and oxygen isotope ratios of single zircons from five plagiogranite intrusions of the Troodos ophiolite were measured to determine their crystallization age and assess the importance of fractional crystallization versus crustal anatexis in their petrogenesis. The results indicate that oceanic magmatism in Troodos took place at 94·3 ± 0·5 Ma, about 3 Myr earlier than previously recognized. Later hydrothermal alteration has affected most of the Troodos plagiogranitic rocks, resulting in growth of new zircon and/or partial alteration of zircon domains, causing slightly younger apparent crystallization ages. The new age inferred for seafloor spreading and ocean crust accretion in Troodos nearly overlaps that of the Semail ophiolite in Oman (95–96 Ma), strengthening previous indications for simultaneous evolution of both ophiolites in similar tectonic settings. Average δ18O(Zrn) values in the Troodos plagiogranites range between 4·2 and 4·8 ‰. The lower values in this range are lower than those expected in equilibrium with mantle-derived melt (5·3 ± 0·6 ‰), indicating variable contribution from hydrothermally altered, deep-seated oceanic crust in most of the Troodos plagiogranite intrusions. The inferred substantial involvement of crustal component is consistent with the existence of a shallow axial magma chamber, typical of fast-spreading mid-ocean ridge settings, within the Troodos slow-spreading ridge environment. This apparent contradiction may be reconciled by episodically intense magmatism within an otherwise slow, magmatically deprived spreading axis.
The Handwriting of Fifteenth-Century Privy Seal and Council Clerks
Authors: Sobecki Sebastian 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Although most scholars of medieval English palaeography are familiar with the hand of the Privy Seal clerk and poet Thomas Hoccleve, almost nothing is known about the handwriting of his fellow clerks. This article is the first attempt to identify and describe the hands of a number of clerks who wrote for the Privy Seal and for the Council in the fifteenth century. In Part 1, I identify the handwriting of Hoccleve’s fellow clerks, including William Alberton, Henry Benet, John Claydon, John Hethe, John Offord, and Richard Priour, adding writs, letters, charters, and manuscripts in their hands. I also identify the hand of the Council clerk Richard Caudray and attribute further records to the Council and Privy Seal clerk Robert Frye. Part 2 offers a reconsideration of the features of Hoccleve’s handwriting in the light of the new findings. This article also identifies the scribal stints and hands in four documents produced by Privy Seal clerks: British Library, MS Add. 24,062 (Hoccleve’s Formulary); BL, MS Cotton Cleopatra F. iii (Part 1 of the Book of the Council); BL, MS Harley 219; and Edinburgh University Library, MS 183 (Privy Seal and Signet formulary, or ‘Royal Letter Book’). This article reveals the extent to which Privy Seal clerks participated in the copying of literature and offers a more nuanced understanding of the varieties of the secretary script used by government scribes.
The program and policy change framework: A new tool to measure research use in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Fowle Karen , Wells Brent , Day Melissa , Kumar Anjali , Bess Cameron , Bingham Brian , Wayman Annica 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOrganizations that fund research to address global development challenges are increasingly interested in measuring the social and economic outcomes of research. However, traditional metrics for measuring research outputs are often insufficient for capturing the outcomes targeted by international assistance organizations. To address this, the Center for Development Research (CDR), part of the U.S. Global Development Lab at the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), has designed a new tool: the Program and Policy Change (PPC) framework for tracking and quantifying the influence of research on program and policy change in international development. The framework draws on existing conceptual frameworks of evidence uptake and the literature on policy change. This article describes the design of the PPC framework and presents the results of applying the framework to two USAID research programs. The benefits of the framework include applicability across research sectors, focus on evidence-informed policy at various levels of geographical influence, and inclusion of a numeric scoring system that enables quantification of outcomes.
Do Neighborhoods Affect the Credit Market Decisions of Low-Income Borrowers? Evidence from the Moving to Opportunity Experiment
Authors: Miller Sarah , Soo Cindy K 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper isolates the causal impact of neighborhood environment on the credit outcomes of low-income borrowers by analyzing the participants of the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) experiment. MTO was a unique, large-scale experiment that offered families vouchers to move to better neighborhoods via randomized lottery. We find higher credit scores and use among those required to move to the lowest poverty areas as young children. For those who moved as adults, we find that better neighborhoods lead to a reduction of overdue debts and delinquencies, but only among those given unrestricted neighborhood choice.
Molecular mechanisms associated with quinolone resistance in Enterobacteriaceae: review and update
Authors: Azargun Robab , Gholizadeh Pourya , Sadeghi Vahid , Hosainzadegan Hasan , Tarhriz Vahideh , Memar Mohammad Yousef , Pormohammad Ali , Eyvazi Shirin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundQuinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics, which are used for the treatment of different infectious diseases associated with Enterobacteriaceae. During recent decades, the wide use as well as overuse of quinolones against diverse infections has led to the emergence of quinolone-resistant bacterial strains. Herein, we present the development of quinolone antibiotics, their function and also the different quinolone resistance mechanisms in Enterobacteriaceae by reviewing recent literature.MethodsAll data were extracted from Google Scholar search engine and PubMed site, using keywords; quinolone resistance, Enterobacteriaceae, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance, etc.Results and conclusionThe acquisition of resistance to quinolones is a complex and multifactorial process. The main resistance mechanisms consist of one or a combination of target-site gene mutations altering the drug-binding affinity of target enzymes. Other mechanisms of quinolone resistance are overexpression of AcrAB-tolC multidrug-resistant efflux pumps and downexpression of porins as well as plasmid-encoded resistance proteins including Qnr protection proteins, aminoglycoside acetyltransferase (AAC(6′)-Ib-cr) and plasmid-encoded active efflux pumps such as OqxAB and QepA. The elucidation of resistance mechanisms will help researchers to explore new drugs against the resistant strains.
Implantation Time Has No Effect on the Morphology and Extent of Previously Reported “Degradation” of Prolene Pelvic Mesh
Authors: Thames Shelby F. , Blanton Michael D. , Williams Eric B. , White Joshua B. , Stoner Kirsten E. , Ong Kevin L. 
Published: May 2020

(Abstracted from Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg 2020;26:128–136)
The use of polypropylene (PP) mesh products and mesh types decreased complications of surgical repair procedures for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) over the years. However, increasing reports regarding pain and other serious mesh-related long-term adverse effects as well as widespread litigation by thousands of women led the US Food and Drug Administration to announce in April 2019 that manufacturers should discontinue production and distribution of urogynecologic transvaginal POP mesh products.
Maternal Diabetes During Pregnancy and Early Onset of Cardiovascular Disease in Offspring: Population Based Cohort Study With 40 Years of Follow Up
Authors: Yu Yongfu , Arah Onyebuchi A. , Liew Zeyan , Cnattingius Sven , Olsen Jørn , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Qin Guoyou , Li Jiong 
Published: May 2020

(Abstracted from BMJ 2019;367:l6398)
The primary cause of worldwide mortality and morbidity is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recently, increases in CVD have disproportionately affected children and young adults, who have experienced the most drastic upticks in disease incidence.
A Systematic Review of Risk Factors for Sleep Disruption in Critically Ill Adults
Authors: Honarmand Kimia , Rafay Hammad , Le Jamie , Mohan Sindu , Rochwerg Bram , Devlin John W. , Skrobik Yoanna , Weinhouse Gerald L. , Drouot Xavier , Watson Paula L. , McKinley Sharon , Bosma Karen J. 
Published: May 2020

Objectives:
Numerous risk factors for sleep disruption in critically ill adults have been described. We performed a systematic review of all risk factors associated with sleep disruption in the ICU setting.

Data Sources:
PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.

Study Selection:
English-language studies of any design published between 1990 and April 2018 that evaluated sleep in greater than or equal to 10 critically ill adults (> 18 yr old) and investigated greater than or equal to 1 potential risk factor for sleep disruption during ICU stay. We assessed study quality using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale or Cochrane Risk of Bias tool.

Data Extraction:
We abstracted all data independently and in duplicate. Potential ICU sleep disruption risk factors were categorized into three categories based on how data were reported: 1) patient-reported reasons for sleep disruption, 2) patient-reported ratings of potential factors affecting sleep quality, and 3) studies reporting a statistical or temporal association between potential risk factors and disrupted sleep.

Data Synthesis:
Of 5,148 citations, we included 62 studies. Pain, discomfort, anxiety/fear, noise, light, and ICU care-related activities are the most common and widely studied patient-reported factors causing sleep disruption. Patients rated noise and light as the most sleep-disruptive factors. Higher number of comorbidities, poor home sleep quality, home sleep aid use, and delirium were factors associated with sleep disruption identified in available studies.

Conclusions:
This systematic review summarizes all premorbid, illness-related, and ICU-related factors associated with sleep disruption in the ICU. These findings will inform sleep promotion efforts in the ICU and guide further research in this field.
A Long-Term Study of Persistent Sézary Syndrome: Evidence for Antigen Shift by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry and Its Significance in Overall Survival
Authors: Hoffmann Jenny C. , Atwater Susan K. , Hong Eric , Kumar Jyoti , Khodadoust Michael , Kim Youn , Ohgami Robert S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract:
Sézary syndrome (SS) is a peripheral T-cell lymphoma characterized by erythroderma, diffuse lymphadenopathy, and circulating neoplastic T cells, which classically show a helper T-cell immunophenotype with loss of CD7 and CD26. Flow cytometry is often used to identify and enumerate populations of Sézary cells in the peripheral blood; however, the significance and frequency of antigen shift over time is unclear. In this article, we follow the immunophenotype of the neoplastic T-cell population from 28 patients with SS across 415 flow cytometry studies. Antigen shift for each patient was assigned as none, minimal = 1–2 markers by 1°, moderate = up to 3 markers, or marked ≥ 4 markers. Sixty-four percent (18/28) of patients showed antigen shift, and among those with antigen shift, the majority showed minimal (8/18) or moderate antigen shift (7/18) with fewer demonstrating marked shift (3/18). Patients without antigen shift showed a trend toward improved overall survival in comparison with patients demonstrating any degree of antigen shift. Antigen shift is seen in a significant proportion of cases of SS with long-term follow-up and may be a marker of more aggressive disease.