bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Streets as Public Spaces, a Challenge in Urban Planning for Intermediate Cities in Chile
Authors: Figueroa O , Gurdon C 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In the past 10 years, the concept of public space has gradually become a new key topic in Chile’s urban planning debate. Most often linked to sustainable urban growth and sustainable mobility, the concept arises in a context of legal changes aiming to reinforce the street as a public space dedicated to all type of mobilities, including active modes of transport (walking and cycling). These recent legal transformations represent an important shift in Chile’s urban planning, establishing guidelines for the future in order to encourage sustainable mobility and increase public space quality and access in Chile’s cities. This integrated approach to urban development represents a clear tendency to promote a more cohesive society in a context of increasing urban complexity and environmental challenges. It recognizes spatial, socio-economic and environmental issues and aims to articulate urban planning with mobility by seeking a balanced distribution of urban functions in Chilean cities. Although at first glance this new approach seems positive, it is important to analyse these changes through the lens of Chile’s urban production, especially in the case of intermediate Chilean cities that, due to their scale, still have the possibility to redirect their development towards a more sustainable growth. We propose a critical analysis of urban public space production in intermediate Chilean cities. By defining streets as public spaces and enabling specific social practices in line with specific urban contexts, we are able to define streets as a social space dedicated to mobilities. From this position, under what type of conditions are these public spaces planned and designed? What social consequences or conflicts emerge through their implementation? These processes will be illustrated through examples of public space projects and policies developed in intermediate Chilean cities these past few years.
Energy Efficiency Measures and Data Needs. The Case of the European Building Portfolio Owners
Authors: Camarasa C , Roussou E , Wallbaum H , Sousanabadi Farahani A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In line with EU Directives, European building portfolio owners are required to bring their stock to nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) standards by 2050. To fulfil this goal in a timely and cost-effective manner, they will need to have a comprehensive understanding of their buildings’ condition, as well as consistent information on viable energy and low-carbon technology measures. Currently, in Europe, there is a lack of knowledge of what energy efficiency measures are being implemented in residential buildings. It is also unknown what are the decision-making processes behind the selection of these measures. On this basis, the aim of this study is to shed light on (1) what energy efficiency measures are currently carried out across European building portfolio owners (BPOs), (2) how are these measures selected (i.e. decision-making processes and information sources), and (3) what data would be needed to foster the uptake of low carbon energy efficiency technologies. The applied methodology combines desk research on scientific and grey literature, with findings in the field of building maintenance & operation. The later based on semi-structured interviews with 23 selected private and public BPOs across 7 European countries: Sweden, UK, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Spain and Switzerland. Results show that the most often implemented actions are the maintenance of the roof and the upgrade of the heating system. Measures are decided based on a combined planned and “reactive” (i.e. problem/solution) approach. The data that is typically used by BPOs is basic building information, such as gross floor area or year built. Although currently unavailable, the most often solicited evidence by the BPOS in favour of energy efficiency and low carbon technology measures is related to energy consumption and other user data.
Comparison of undergrowth diversity between post burned and unburned land in PT National Sago Prima, Riau Province
Authors: Masyithoh G , Purnamasari I , Santosa Y 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
PT NSP is the only sago industrial plantation in Indonesia. Unfortunately, in 2014 there was a fire on the land with an area of burning estimated around 3,000 ha from the total area of 21,418 Ha. This caused PT NSP to be accused of reducing biodiversity in the area. However, there were no research results that show the amount of damage experienced by the fire. Damage caused by fire to vegetation can cause succession. Changes in vegetation caused by succession can be seen from the composition and structure of vegetation in the area. The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of composition and structure of undergrowth between post-burned and unburned land. This research was conducted in February 2017 and 2019. The method used was a single plot method. The results showed that in post-burnt land 16 species were found in 2017 and 25 species in 2019. While in unburnt land, 20 species were found in 2017 and 21 species in 2019. The species that dominates was Nephrolepis hirsutula, this was due to the condition of the open land cover causing pioneer plants such as N. hirsutula to rapidly develop to cover all exposed land surfaces.
Method of Estimating Forest Fire Impact on Vegetation
Authors: Hilwan Iwan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The most significant impact of forest fire can be seen on vegetation. Plants usually die instantly due to considerably severe forest fire. Impact of forest fire is difference in terms of values of several vegetation variables in the forest, before fire and those after fire. Therefore, estimation of magnitude of forest fire impact on vegetation was conducted by comparing vegetation condition in burned area with that of unburned area. The higher the level of severity and intensity of the fire, the greater would be the change occurring in the vegetation condition. The occurring change were in the form of among others change in species composition, stand structure, stand density and basal area. For assessing the magnitude of forest fire impact on vegetation, the very important first step is identifying the various vegetation variables which will exhibit value change. After these vegetation variables are known, there are afterwards observation and measurements in the field, and analysis, both in the burned forest area and in the unburned forest area. In the assessment of fire impact, the vegetation components being measured are: (1) change in size of land cover, with variables in the form of stand density, basal area size, number of species and status of species conservation; and (2) change in level of plant species diversity, with variables in the form of species diversity index, community similarity index, and number of species being lost and gained (diversity loss-gain). Based on difference in values of the two vegetation components, the magnitude of forest fire impact on vegetation can be classified into five levels, namely very small, small, moderate, large and very large.
Forest fires and management efforts in Indonesia (a review)
Authors: Aminah  , Krah CY , Perdinan  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The area of Indonesia’s forests has continues to shrink from year to year. The causes of this reduction have been mainly forest fires and the clearing of forest land into plantations and other nonagricultural uses. The area of Indonesia’s forest consumed by fires in 2018 alone was about three times that of the previous year, 2017. These rising concern has pushed the Government into putting up divers efforts to control forest fires. This paper makes a general review of the forest fires in Indonesia, its impacts on humans and the natural resources with a special focus on water. The paper also discusses and brings out some possible loopholes in the system that might have contributed to the persistence of the forest fires. The major source of data for this review is secondary data from the ministry of environment and forestry, Indonesia, other sources were also considered for supporting data. This paper consists of 1. Introduction, 2. Causes of Forest and Land Fires in Indonesia, 3. Effects and impacts of Forest and Land Fires, 4. Water Footprint on Forest and Land Fires, 5. Fire Management Systems in Indonesia.
Quantification methods of forest and land fires impact on the atmospheric environment (case study: oil palm plantation in Kayuagung District, OKI Regency, South Sumatra)
Authors: Risdiyanto Idung , Turyanti Ana , Kurniawan Farhan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The impact of forest and land fires on the atmospheric environment can be classified into three components, namely ambient air quality, its contribution to greenhouse gases, and microclimate change. Each component has a different method for assessing and measuring the magnitude of its impact. The aim of the study is to obtain quantitative methods to assess the magnitude of the impact of forest and land fires on the atmospheric environment so that they can be used for the valuation of environmental losses. The magnitude of the impact of the air quality component is measured based on the Air Pollution Index (ISPU) and visibility, the component of the greenhouse gas is assessed by approaching the amount of GHG emissions and / or loss of carbon stocks, while changes in the microclimate by assessing changes in the level of thermal comfort. Gas and particulate emissions values of forest and land fires use the carbon mass balance approach and emission factors. Analysis of air pollution dispersion is conducted use the Gaussian model, with case study is the incidence of land fires in oil palm plantations located in Kayuagung sub-district, Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, South Sumatra Province in 2015, 2016 and 2017. The data used in this study consisted of Landsat 8 satellite imagery, MODIS and VIIRS Hotspots, measurements of vegetation biomass in the field, organic C-peat and climate data during fires. The results of the assessment show that land fires covering 551 ha in 2015, 59 ha in 2016 and 253 ha in 2018 have resulted in changes in the air pollutant standard index in Kayuagung from the medium category (ISPU PM10 = 75) to very unhealthy (ISPU PM10 = 272) in 2015, unhealthy (ISPU CO = 116) in 2016 and very unhealthy (ISPU CO = 205) in 2018. Visibility in an area of about 500-600 meters in the direction of the wind from the fire’s location was less than 1 km with PM10 of more than 176 µg m−3. The contribution of GHGs to each fire’s year is 26.8, 2.8 and 12.3 kilo tons of CO2e consist of CO2 and CH4. The results of this study can be used to quantify the magnitude of the land fires impact on the atmospheric environment.
Legal analysis on application of strict liability in oil palm plantation fire cases in Indonesia
Authors: Sadino, S.H., M.H. Dr. , Surono, S.H., M.H. Dr. Agus , Zainal Arifin, S.H Muhamad 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Forest fire cases become the main issue in Indonesia in the period of 2015-2019. The impacts resulted by the land and forest fires are extraordinary, not only affecting the people of Indonesia, but it has also spread to disrupt the activities of the community in Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand. The community is also infuriated by the occurrence of forest and land fires continuing from year to year. The public negative opinion is then aimed to the oil palm companies considered as the main cause of the fire occurrence. The community considers that the oil palm companies are still burning in order to clear the land. Therefore, is it true that the oil palm companies are the ones to be responsible for the fire as the community believe and can the strict liability principle be applied if fires occur in their areas?
Experimental and Numerical study Behaviors on Single Cement Flyash Gravel pile under the combined effect of axial compression and Lateral load
Authors: Umravia N B , Solanki C H 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A CFG Cement, Fly-ash and Gravel piles are one of the most popular approaches in geotechnical engineering for load transfer in soft soil and ground improvement in railway, road embankment, high rise building. Its behaviors are like as semi-rigid types of the pile. The analysis and computation of ultimate axial compression load and lateral load in soft soil experiments were conducted in a laboratory to obtaining the response of a single CFG pile. The experimental model of CFG pile is made up of cement fly ash and gravel cast in situ types ascertained using physical scaling fundamental, based on material size, properties, a grade of Mix and prototype of pile foundation. Moreover, the in-situ bored CFG piles have been cast in 70 mm and 100 mm external diameters for Laboratory tests. Hence the different CFG pile lengths are considered for variable L/D ratios. All the experiments were performed on soft clay under independent axial compression and lateral load test; it is also to investigate the combined effect of axial compression and lateral load. It has been observed that the behavior of CFG piles under independent individual loading is significantly different when compared with combined loading. It also derives the relationship between the ultimate load in axial compression and lateral loading as well as in the combined effect of loading. It observed that the ratio of ultimate lateral load and axial load in individual to combined loading are significantly increasing. However, the CFG pile vertical deflection/Lateral displacement at considering with its safe factor of lateral load/axial compression was increasing effectively. In addition to determining the safe axial load / lateral load that has been considering in the present study may be required for design limiting displacement/deflection failure criteria of the CFG pile effectively under combined load. It is noted that the CFG pile imposition with combined loading can substantially improve the soil properties and can lead to the economy in the design of foundations.
Investigation of Hot Piercing method for manufacturing of conveyor chain link of bagasse carrier of the sugar industry to enhance the breaking load
Authors: Gaikwad B. D. , Khomane S. M. , Wangikar S. S. , Jadhav C. C. , Jagtap T. A. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A chain is the most crucial element of sugar industry required for transmitting power and conveying of sugar cane, sugar & bagasse, etc. As these chains operate under various forces, failure of chain assembly is the major problem. The main cause of this failure is ineffective manufacturing processes like cold piercing method. The bearing length of the conveyor link hole is lesser (approx 33% straight and the remaining 67 % taper). The breaking strength is directly proportional to the bearing length of the conveyor chain link hole. Therefore, the bearing length is always desired higher. Only a few studies report in the literature related to the effect of bearing length on braking load. Thus, there is scope for work. This work is focused on hot piercing of the conveyor chain link of bagasse carrier to enhance the breaking load by increasing the bearing length of the pierced hole. It is carried out by varying heating temperature of chain link from 650°c to 850°c with an interval of100°c, by keeping variable clearance between punch and die. The bearing length is measured by using a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). The comparative analysis is carried out for bearing lengths obtained at the cold condition and three hot conditions at temperatures650°c, 750°c, 850°c, respectively. The higher bearing length required for enhancing the breaking strength of the conveyor chain is predicted as an outcome of the study. This study is useful in Conveyor Manufacturing Industry.
Hard Turning Cutting Tool Materials used in Automotive and Bearing Manufacturing Applications – A review
Authors: Samantaraya Debabrata , Lakade Sanjay 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Hard turning for the machining of hardened steels by using super abrasive cutting tool materials is a comparatively newer manufacturing technology. Due to phenomenal advancements in super abrasive tool materials and machine tool technologies, hard turning becoming a potential alternate machining process to the traditional grinding. Hard turning offers many distinguished benefits over grinding process including fewer machining setups, shorter manufacturing time, lower manufacturing cost, achieving grinding comparable product quality. Fewer machining setups bring higher manufacturing flexibility, and lower the investment cost in machine tools in comparison to grinding. It is possible to carryout hard turning without coolant that eliminates the detrimental effect of coolants on the human health and environment. These benefits made hard turning a popular alternative for the automotive and bearing manufacturing industries for machining of cam shafts, gears, crank shafts, bearings, dies and mould. This paper reviews the researches that were performed on hard turning using cutting tool materials; cemented tungsten carbide (WC), poly-crystalline cubic-boron-nitride (PCBN) and ceramics. The research findings related to the effect of cutting parameters, tool geometry and surface coating on the tool life and tool wear phenomena of these hard turning tool materials in the hard turning of major steels used in automotive and bearing manufacturing industries have been discussed.
Naturally Available Materials and Manufacturing Processes for Development of Biodegradable Composite
Authors: Kulkarni Pratik , Kulkarni Swanand 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe hazardous effect of plastic is increasing day by day due to its usage in household and kitchen appliances. The researchers all over the world are looking for alternate material and Sustainable development without appropriate and biodegradable material is not possible. Use of natural resources in various material applications will give support for a rural development as well as it will help ecosystem. The present work provides information about availability of various natural substances which possesses great potential to be used in composite material. The present work also provides information of various techniques useful for manufacturing natural composites
Seismic Performance of Bridge Piers Reinforced with Shape Memory Alloys in Plastic Hinge Region
Authors: Thakkar Kanan , Parghi Anant 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The recent earthquake reconnaissance reports revealed that a large residual displacement had led to the devastation of bridge piers due to serviceability concerns. Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) is the distinctive category of smart materials, which can sustain enormous deformations and reappear to a parent shape after removal of loading or by removal of heat. Replacing the typical steel reinforcement with SMA reinforcement in the potential plastic hinge regions of bridge piers could reduce the residual displacement of a pier. This study is focused on the numerical investigation of circular bridge piers with SMA-based reinforcement in the plastic hinge regions to mitigate the residual displacement. The numerical model of a bridge pier is validated using the experimental results of SMA-reinforced bridge pier. Dynamic time history analyses are performed to compare the performance of SMA-reinforced bridge piers with steel-reinforced bridge piers under the effect of various earthquake ground motions. The results are represented in terms of displacement, base shear, and ductility. Moreover, the influence of several parameters on the performance of bridge piers is investigated, i.e., aspect ratio, axial load ratio, and compositions of SMA. The numerical results have indicated the effectiveness of bridge piers reinforced with SMA by reducing the residual displacement after major earthquake events.
Fracture analysis of single edge cracked functionally graded material plate under various loading conditions by extended finite element method
Authors: Lal Achchhe , Sutaria B.M , Mishra Kundan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Functionally graded material (FGM) is the perfect blend of two (or more) material phases of different materials and functional performance that vary in definite direction within the geometry. It was first introduced by group of scientist in 1984 for shielding and thermal barrier. In the present paper single edge cracked plate under different loadings are used to observe the behavior of FGM plate under different loading conditions by using extended finite element method (XFEM). The basic formulation is carried out in MATLAB environment by XFEM using interaction integral (M-integral) through partition of unity method. In the presentstudy the main focus is to utilize XFEM to find mixed mode stress intensity factor (MMSIF) of edge cracked FGM plate under the action of uniform tensile, shear, combined (tensile and shear) and point load.
Additive Manufacturing of Concrete: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Nair Avinash , Aditya S D , Adarsh R N , Nandan M , Dharek Manish S , Sreedhara B M , Prashant Sunagar C , Sreekeshava K S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
A modern incipient trend is being witnessed in the construction industry wherein concrete is pumped which flows through a nozzle connected to a robotic arm in successive layers in order to develop structural load bearing members generally referred as “Additive manufacturing of Concrete(AMOC)” or 3D Printing of Concrete (3DPC). Numerous challenges are being faced by the construction industry for implementation of Additive manufacturing of concrete to a large scale due to the scarcity of information available w.r.t this technology. This technology has opened up new opportunities which requires intensive research to be carried out to ensure that concrete gets pumped through the pipe(pumpability), extrudes through the nozzle (extrudability), retains its shape once this concrete is extruded from the nozzle(buildability). In addition to this, concrete has to be strong enough to withstand loads induced by upper layers without any deformations (shape retentivity). If the challenges related to pumpability, extrudability, buildability and shape retentivity can be addressed in a better manner, this technology of 3D concrete printing can be utilized to construct houses/building components at a rapid rate and bring down the overall construction costs exponentially with optimal usage and minimal wastage of resources. This paper addresses the various challenges which are commonly encountered in the Additive manufacturing of Concrete (AMOC) summarizing the potential solutions to it discussing some of the case studies of projects which have used this technology.
Buckling analysis of laminated composite plate due to localised in plane loading
Authors: Lal Achchhe , Parghi Anant , Mahto Anil Kumar , Kumar Rahul 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Laminated composite plates are inevitable parts of structure due to its superior properties than that of conventional material. Many times, these structural elements are subjected to the partial loadings during various applications which arises buckling in the elements. This necessitates proper analysis of these types of structural member for better safety and stability. In the present paper buckling analysis of laminated composite stiffened plate under in-plane localized edge loading is presented. Buckling load for various cases of partial edge loading are investigated for different fiber orientations and loading extent. Finite element method-based MATLAB program is developed for the present analysis. Validation study is done, which shows well agreement with the results already published.