bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of battery storage utilization in distribution feeders
Authors: Almehizia Abdullah A. , Al-Ismail Fahad S. , Alohali Nasser S. , Al-Shammari Meshal M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe paper is concerned with the assessment of energy storage systems at the distribution level. Several projects related to energy storage are reviewed and analyzed for a better understanding of the motivation and benefits gained from such technology. Different applications and technologies of energy storage (ES) are identified, as well as the distinguishing characteristics of these ES technologies. The role of ES in the transition to a sustainable energy system is also identified and discussed. A sizing and location optimization study is conducted to realize the operational impact of installing battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in an existed distribution network in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The results will quantify the economic return that BESSs can offer for the electrical network, which would improve the decision making of the electric utility towards handling increasing load demand and power quality issues.
The Role of Spinal Cord CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Signalling in Chronic Pain
Authors: Montague-Cardoso Karli , Mrozkova Petra , Malcangio Marzia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPurpose of ReviewChronic pain is a distressing condition that is ineffectively treated at present. In order to develop novel, more efficacious analgesics for chronic pain, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms is required. Despite chronic pain initially being considered as a neurocentric process, the role of communication between immune cells and neurons has been shown to be essential to the modulation of chronic pain. In the spinal cord, chemokine-mediated communication between microglia and neurons has been shown to play a crucial mechanistic role in preclinical chronic pain.Recent FindingsHere, we present convincing evidence specifically for the role of the neuronal chemokine, fractalkine and its receptor CX3CR1, which is expressed by microglia, in mediating neuronal/microglia crosstalk in the spinal cord in the context of preclinical pain behaviour.SummaryIn light of the compelling preclinical evidence and emerging clinical evidence, we consider the promising therapeutic potential of manipulating this signalling partnership for the treatment of chronic pain.
High Tensile Strength Increases Multifunctional Use of Survival Blankets in Wilderness Emergencies
Authors: Isser Markus , Kranebitter Hannah , Fink Hansjörg , Wiedermann Franz J. , Lederer Wolfgang 
Published: April 2020

Introduction Metallic survival blankets are multifunctional medical devices frequently used to provide thermal insulation in sport and leisure activities and in emergency care. To assess further properties of survival blankets, we investigated their breaking strength under laboratory conditions. Methods An experimental study was performed with 2 commercially available survival blankets used by emergency medical services. Breaking strength measured with a tensile testing machine was determined consecutively with 10 tests conducted per brand. Results Breaking strength (mean±SD) of the tested brands was 3.8±0.4 kN, (range: 2.8–4.1 kN) and 4.0±0.5 kN (range: 3.2–4.6 kN). When using the windlass of a commercially available tourniquet for the longitudinally folded survival blanket, the windlass bent at a force of 0.8 kN; when using a carabiner, the force exceeded 3.6 kN before failure occurred in both blanket brands. Conclusions Both brands of survival blankets show impressive tensile strength, indicating that they have the potential to serve as temporary pelvic binders or even as makeshift tourniquets when urgent bleeding control is needed.
‘Enemy Agents at Work’: A microhistory of the 1954 Adamjee and Karnaphuli riots in East Pakistan
Authors: UDDIN LAYLI 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBetween March and May 1954, an election and two riots took place in East Pakistan, with far-reaching implications. On 30 May, the prime minister of Pakistan, in a bellicose tone, declared that ‘enemy agents’ and ‘disruptive forces’ were at work and imposed governor's rule for the first time in East Pakistan. The autocratic and high-handed attitude of the Central government in Karachi over the seemingly wayward East Wing was to become a portent of future conflicts between the province and the state, eventually leading to the unmaking of Pakistan in 1971. What precipitated the 1954 crisis? Who were the enemy agents and disruptive forces that the prime minister had alluded to? The reference was to the Bengali labourers in East Pakistan—the main protagonists of the 1954 Karnaphuli Paper Mill and Adamjee Jute Mill riots. These were the most violent industrial riots in the history of United Pakistan, if not the subcontinent. Using sensitive materials obtained from multiple archives, this article dismantles the conventional thesis that these riots were ‘Bengali–Bihari riots’, fanned by the flames of Bengali provincialism at the political level, or events instigated by the Centre to derail the democratic hopes of the Bengali population of Pakistan. A microhistory of the events demonstrates a more complex picture of postcolonial labour formations and solidarities; the relationship between state-led industrialization and refugee rehabilitation, and conflicting visions of sovereignty. This is a story of estrangement between employers and workers over the question of who were the real sovereigns of labour, capital, and Pakistan itself.
Mapping spatial cultures: contributions of space syntax to research in the urban history of the nineteenth-century city
Authors: Griffiths Sam , Vaughan Laura 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe theory and methods of space syntax can help to rebalance the prevailing cultural perspective, which views maps as ideological representations, with an analytical approach that emphasizes maps as sources for understanding space and spatial relationships embedded in built forms. The quantitative descriptions of urban street networks produced by space syntax analyses can be used to formulate and test hypotheses about patterns of urban movement, encounter and socio-economic activity in the past that can help in the interpretation of other historical source materials to give an overall account of urban spatial culture. In this article, the authors explain how space syntax, a theory and method originally developed in the field of architectural research, is making a distinctive contribution to research in social and urban history. The key principles of the method are explained by clarifying the relationship of space syntax to HGIS (Historical Geographical Information Systems) and through a worked example of research undertaken into political meeting places. A survey of research into the urban history of the nineteenth-century city using space syntax is used to highlight a number of important methodological themes and also demonstrates the range of innovative contributions that this interdisciplinary approach is able to advance. A final, theoretical, section reflects on maps and the practice of ‘mapping’ from a space syntax perspective.
Self-concept, post-traumatic self-appraisals and post-traumatic psychological adjustment: what are the relationships?
Authors: Engelbrecht Alberta , Jobson Laura 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground:Cognitive models of post-traumatic psychological adjustment have implicated both self-concept and self-appraisals in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Two studies investigated the relationship between self-concept and trauma-related self-appraisals, and whether culture influenced this relationship.Method:In Study 1, a student sample (Asiann= 41, Britishn= 34) who self-identified as having been through a trauma or extremely stressful event completed measures of self-concept, trauma-related self-appraisals and trauma-related distress. Study 2 extended this by asking Asian (n= 47) and British (n= 48) trauma survivors with and without PTSD to complete the same self measures as those administered in Study 1.Results:Study 1 found that overall for the British group, disruptions in self-concept (i.e. self-discrepancies and trauma-themed self-concept) correlated significantly with negative self, world and self-blame appraisals and depression. However, the same was not found in the Asian group. Study 2 found that pan-culturally those with PTSD had greater self-discrepancies and trauma-defined self-concept than those without PTSD. Additionally, pan-culturally, trauma-defined self-concept correlated significantly with negative self appraisals and depression; ideal self-discrepancies correlated significantly with negative self-appraisals across cultures and depression for the British group; while ought self-discrepancies correlated significantly with negative world appraisals for the Asian group and negative self and self-blame appraisals for the British. Lastly, negative self, world and self-blame appraisals correlated with symptoms of depression.Conclusions:Taken together, the findings relay the important associations between appraisals, self-concept and post-traumatic psychological adjustment.
Designing healthier and acceptable diets using data envelopment analysis
Authors: Kanellopoulos Argyris , Gerdessen Johanna C , Ivancic Ante , Geleijnse Johanna M , Bloemhof-Ruwaard Jacqueline M , van’t Veer Pieter 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective:The objective of this research is to propose methodology that can be used to benchmark current diets based on their nutrient intakes and to provide guidelines for improving less healthy diets in a way that is acceptable for the studied population.Design:We discuss important limitations of current diet models that use optimisation techniques to design healthier and acceptable diets. We illustrate how data envelopment analysis could be used to overcome such limitations, and we describe mathematical models that can be used to calculate not only healthier but also acceptable diets.Setting:We used data from the Nutrition Questionnaires plus dataset of habitual diets of a general population of adult men and women in The Netherlands (n1735).Participants:Adult population.Results:We calculated healthier diets with substantial higher intakes of protein, fibre, Fe, Ca, K, Mg and vitamins, and substantially lower intakes of Na, saturated fats and added sugars. The calculated diets are combinations of current diets of individuals that belong to the same age/gender group and comprise of food item intakes in proportions observed in the sample.Conclusions:The proposed methodology enables the benchmarking of existing diets and provides a framework for proposing healthier alternative diets that resemble the current diet in terms of foods intake as much as possible.
Body image disorders associated with lifestyle and body composition of female adolescents
Authors: Miranda Valter PN , Amorim Paulo Roberto S , Bastos Ronaldo R , Souza Vitor GB , Faria Eliane R , Franceschini Sylvia CC , Teixeira Paula C , de Morais Núbia de S , Priore Silvia E 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjective:To investigate the association between body image disorders and the lifestyle and body composition of female adolescents.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and Silhouette Scale and Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 were used to evaluate the participants’ body image. Body composition was evaluated by a Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry equipment, and lifestyles were identified by latent class analysis (LCA) using the poLCA package for R.Participants:Female adolescents aged 14–19 years old, in the city of Viçosa-MG, Brazil.Results:In total, 405 girls participated in the study. Almost half of the participants were dissatisfied with their current physical appearance (51·4 %), presented body perception distortions (52·9 %). 47·3 % of the adolescents were dissatisfied with their body according to the BSQ, and another 8 % severely so. Subjects with an ‘Inactive and Sedentary’ latent lifestyle were 1·71 times as likely to feel dissatisfied as those with active and sedentary or inactive and non-sedentary lifestyles (95 % CI 1·08, 2·90, P = 0·047). Body image disorders showed an association with decreased amounts of moderate and vigorous physical activity, high screen time, increased alcohol consumption and excess body fat.Conclusions:Particular patterns of lifestyle and body composition seem to be associated in female adolescents with dissatisfaction with, distortion of and excessive concern about appearance. Specifically, physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour, alcohol consumption and high body fat percentage may be strongly linked to body image disorders.
Veterans as a Social Movement: The American Legion, the First Hoover Commission, and the Making of the American Welfare State
Authors: Burtin Olivier 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThis article challenges the conventional view of veterans’ politics in the United States as an “iron triangle” or a “subgovernment,” terms that connote a low-profile field dominated by a small number of elite actors operating consensually behind closed doors. It shows instead that veterans’ affairs were at the center of a heated national debate to which both grassroots activists and national leaders contributed as part of a larger social movement, as demonstrated by the controversy over the First Hoover Commission. Created by Congress in 1947 to find ways to make the executive branch more efficient, the commission’s proposals to reform veterans’ affairs were all defeated by the countercampaign of the largest and most influential veterans’ group of the era, the American Legion. Former soldiers were not alone (they benefited from the assistance of key state actors such as the heads of the Veterans Administration and of the House Committee on Veterans’ Affairs) but their mobilization proved decisive. This episode shows that even veterans of World War II, traditionally seen as the most deserving cohort of former soldiers in US history (the “Greatest Generation”), had to organize to defend their benefits against attacks. The privileged position of veterans in the US welfare state is therefore less the result of their exalted cultural status (as is often presumed) than of their ability to mobilize politically and to override the preferences of significant numbers of public and private actors—just like any other group making claims on the state.
Is the Relation Between the Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure and the Magnetopause Standoff Distance so Straightforward?
Authors: Samsonov A. A. , Bogdanova Y. V. , Branduardi‐Raymont G. , Sibeck D. G. , Toth G. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe present results of global magnetohydrodynamic simulations which reconsider the relationship between the solar wind dynamic pressure (Pd) and magnetopause standoff distance (RSUB). We simulate the magnetospheric response to increases in the dynamic pressure by varying separately the solar wind density or velocity for northward and southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). We obtain different values of the power law indices N in the relation
depending on which parameter, density, or velocity, has been varied and for which IMF orientation. The changes in the standoff distance are smaller (higher N) for a density increase for southward IMF and greater (smaller N) for a velocity increase. An enhancement of the solar wind velocity for a southward IMF increases the magnetopause reconnection rate and Region 1 current that move the magnetopause closer to the Earth than it appears in the case of density increase for the same dynamic pressure.
Arctic Sea Ice in CMIP6
Authors: Notz Dirk , Community SIMIP 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe examine CMIP6 simulations of Arctic sea‐ice area and volume. We find that CMIP6 models produce a wide spread of mean Arctic sea‐ice area, capturing the observational estimate within the multimodel ensemble spread. The CMIP6 multimodel ensemble mean provides a more realistic estimate of the sensitivity of September Arctic sea‐ice area to a given amount of anthropogenic CO2 emissions and to a given amount of global warming, compared with earlier CMIP experiments. Still, most CMIP6 models fail to simulate at the same time a plausible evolution of sea‐ice area and of global mean surface temperature. In the vast majority of the available CMIP6 simulations, the Arctic Ocean becomes practically sea‐ice free (sea‐ice area <1 × 106 km2) in September for the first time before the Year 2050 in each of the four emission scenarios SSP1‐1.9, SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, and SSP5‐8.5 examined here.
On the Use of Aeromagnetism for Geological Interpretation: 2. A Case Study on Structural and Lithological Features in the Northern Vosges
Authors: Bertrand L. , Gavazzi B. , Mercier de Lépinay J. , Diraison M. , Géraud Y. , Munschy M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn many grabens of the West European Rift System, several drilling projects are targeting fluid conductive faults to produce electricity with geothermal energy. In order to reach the adequate temperatures, the targeted faults are located in the basement rocks or at the basement/cover interface. Unfortunately, the basement rock facies and structural data useful for reservoir modeling are often poorly constrained because of the lack of boreholes deeper than 2,000 m and seismic information on the deep subsurface. With the aim to outline the basement structure in the Upper Rhine Graben, two aeromagnetic surveys were conducted where the basement outcrops in the Northern Vosges, with different flight parameters and types of magnetometers. An interpolator using equivalent sources for gridding these two surveys is described by Gavazzi et al. (2020). Here, we describe the geological interpretation of these surveys. We demonstrate the consistency between the total magnetic field intensity and the outcropping lithological units organized in ENE‐WSW subvertical bands. In detail, three main blocks were delineated, separated by N‐S faults linked to the graben formation and ENE‐WSW‐inherited Hercynian faults. The latter faults, together with more local NE‐SW and NW‐SE faults, compartmentalize the N‐S‐oriented basement rocks. This is relevant for geothermal prospection where the N‐S faults are the main targets because fluid flow through other fault systems is deemed restricted. With a focus on the interface between the Northern Vosges and the Upper Rhine Graben, we also demonstrate considerable segmentation on the main graben boundary faults.
Intraseasonal Kelvin Waves in the Equatorial Indian Ocean and Their Propagation into the Indonesian Seas
Authors: Pujiana Kandaga , McPhaden Michael J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntraseasonal oceanic variations in the Indian Ocean are prominent mode of variability affecting evolution of the Indian Ocean Dipole, the semiannual Wyrtki jets, and the Indonesian throughflow. This study describes the structure and propagation of wind‐forced intraseasonal Kelvin waves along the equator in the Indian Ocean and their penetration into the Indonesian seas. For this purpose, we use an unprecedented multiyear (2004–2016) moored velocity time series data set from the equatorial central and eastern Indian Ocean, moored time series from Lombok, Makassar, and Ombai straits; satellite altimetry, and other oceanic and atmospheric data products. The waves are generated by zonal wind fluctuations with periods of approximately 20–90 days. They propagate eastward along the equator at speeds close to that of a second baroclinic mode (with estimates ranging between 1.3 and 1.7 ms−1 depending on method) and have an exponential latitudinal decay scale away from the equator of ∼250 km. Phase also propagates upward, implying downward energy propagation, consistent with wind energy source at the surface. As the waves encounter the coast of Sumatra, they partially reflect into Rossby waves that radiate energy westward back into the ocean interior. Some wave energy also propagates southward along the coasts of Sumatra and Java and can be traced into Lombok, Ombai, and Makassar straits at lags of about 2–3 weeks. The implications of these results for understanding variability in the Indian Ocean and its connectivity with the Indonesian seas are discussed.
The Role of Tides in Ocean‐Ice Shelf Interactions in the Southwestern Weddell Sea
Authors: Hausmann U. , Sallée J.‐B. , Jourdain N. C. , Mathiot P. , Rousset C. , Madec G. , Deshayes J. , Hattermann T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo investigate the role of tides in Weddell Sea ocean‐ice shelf melt interactions, and resulting consequences for ocean properties and sea ice interactions, we develop a regional ocean‐sea ice model configuration, with time‐varying ocean boundary and atmospheric forcing, including the deep open ocean (at 2.5–4 km horizontal resolution), the southwestern continental shelf (≈2.5 km), and the adjacent cavities of eastern Weddell, Larsen, and Filchner‐Ronne ice shelves (FRIS, 1.5–2.5 km). Simulated circulation, water mass, and ice shelf melt properties compare overall well with available open ocean and cavity observational knowledge. Tides are shown to enhance the kinetic energy of the time‐varying flow in contact with the ice shelves, thereby increasing melt. This dynamically driven impact of tides on net melting is to almost 90% compensated by cooling through the meltwater that is produced but not quickly exported from regions of melting in the Weddell Sea cold‐cavity regime. The resulting systematic tide‐driven enhancement of both produced meltwater and its refreezing on ascending branches of, especially the FRIS, cavity circulation acts to increase net ice shelf melting (by 50% in respect to the state without tides, ≈50 Gt yr−1). In addition, tides also increase the melt‐induced FRIS cavity circulation, and the meltwater export by the FRIS outflow. Simulations suggest attendant changes on the open‐ocean southwestern continental shelf, characterized by overall freshening and small year‐round sea ice thickening, as well as in the deep southwestern Weddell Sea in the form of a marked freshening of newly formed bottom waters.
Implementation and Evaluation of an Improved Lake Scheme in Beijing Climate Center Atmosphere‐Vegetation Interaction Model
Authors: Qiu Bo , Huang Anning , Shi Xueli , Dai Yongjiu , Wei Nan , Guo Weidong , Li Weiping , Lazhu  , Zhang Yanwu , Fu Zhipeng , Ling Xiaolu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo improve the performance of the second generation of Beijing Climate Center Atmosphere‐Vegetation Interaction Model (BCC_AVIM2.0) with a fine resolution (~45 km) over lake‐rich areas, the default lake scheme in BCC_AVIM2.0 is replaced by the Common Land Surface Model (CoLM)‐Lake scheme with much more realistic treatments of the energy exchanges in the snow‐ice‐water‐sediment system relative to the default lake scheme. Results show that the lake surface temperature (LST) biases produced by BCC_AVIM2.0 with the default lake scheme can be largely reduced by adopting the CoLM‐Lake scheme in winter due to much more realistically simulated vertical water temperature profiles over the Great Lakes region. The spatial distributions and seasonal variations of the LST simulations can also be significantly improved by the CoLM‐Lake scheme within BCC_AVIM2.0. The performances of BCC_AVIM2.0 in simulating the lake ice in winter can be largely improved by replacing the default lake scheme with the CoLM‐Lake scheme. The improvements in the LST simulated by BCC_AVIM2.0 with the CoLM‐Lake scheme further lead to reduced biases in the simulated ground surface temperature. The simulations of air temperature and precipitation in the coupled model are also improved by adopting the CoLM‐Lake scheme over the Great Lakes region, which indicates the improvements in simulating the energy and water exchange between the atmosphere and lakes. This study highlights the importance of a more realistic lake scheme in simulating the ground surface temperature and the energy exchanges between the atmosphere and lakes.