bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperlipidemia Downregulate Brain Antioxidant Defense Enzymes and Neurotrophins in Rats: Assessment of the Modulatory Potential of EPA+DHA and Zerumbone
Authors: Uppin Vinayak , Acharya Pooja , Bettadaiah Bheemanakere Kempaiah , Talahalli Ramaprasad Ravichandra 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundOxidative stress (OS) plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of cognitive disorders. In this study, brain antioxidant defense dysregulation as a consequence of hyperlipidemia, and the efficacy of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and zerumbone (Z) in their modulation are assessed.Methods and resultsMale Wistar rats are fed control, high‐fat (HF), HF + fish oil (HF+F), HF + zerumbone (HF+Z), and HF + fish oil + zerumbone (HF+F+Z) diet for 60 days. Markers of OS, antioxidant enzymes, monoamine oxidase, nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (NRF‐2), nitric oxide‐2 (NOS‐2), inter cellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), and neurotrophins are measured. Hyperlipidemia increases OS, decreases antioxidant enzyme activity, increases monoamine oxidase activity, increases NOS‐2 and ICAM‐1 expression, decreases NRF‐2 activation, decreases nerve growth factor (NGF), and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the brain compared to control. While EPA+DHA and zerumbone significantly (p < 0.05) restores the perturbations induced by hyperlipidemia.ConclusionIt is concluded that hyperlipidemia cause OS by decreasing the activity of brain antioxidant enzymes via the downregulation of NRF‐2. The reduced brain neurotrophins in hyperlipidemia indicate its potential risk on cognitive attributes. EPA+DHA, together with zerumbone, positively modulates hyperlipidemia induced brain dysfunction thereby offering promising therapeutic strategy.
Characterization of the Nutritional Composition of a Biotechnologically Produced Oyster Mushroom and its Physiological Effects in Obese Zucker Rats
Authors: Maheshwari Garima , Gessner Denise K. , Meyer Sandra , Ahlborn Jenny , Wen Gaiping , Ringseis Robert , Zorn Holger , Eder Klaus 
Published: September 2020

ScopeSustainable protein sources are needed to meet the increasing protein demands of a continuously growing world population. This study is focused on the biotechnological production of a protein rich oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor‐caju; PSC) by valorization of an agricultural side stream and the evaluation of the physiological effects of PSC in a rat model of metabolic syndrome.Methods and resultsPSC is produced via submerged cultivation in a 150 L bioreactor that utilizes isomaltulose molasses as its sole carbon source, and is further analyzed for its nutritional composition. A feeding trial is performed using Zucker rats which are fed a 5% PSC supplemented diet, for 4 weeks. Biochemical analyses reveal a significant reduction of the liver lipid concentrations and liver inflammation in the PSC fed obese rats in comparison to the obese rats from the control group. Hepatic qPCR analyses, differential transcript profiling, and enzyme activity measurements reveal a number of altered pathways that may be responsible for these anti‐steatotic and anti‐inflammatory effects of the mushroom.ConclusionBioconversion of a low quality agricultural side stream to an improved protein source is performed by submerged cultured PSC, and the obtained mycelium shows strong anti‐steatotic and anti‐inflammatory effects.
A 3‐D artificial anisotropy one‐step leapfrog weakly conditionally stable finite‐difference time‐domain algorithm with improved accuracy
Authors: Zhang Pingjuan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this letter, a 3‐D optimized one‐step leapfrog weakly conditional stability finite‐difference time‐domain (WCS‐FDTD) scheme, which introduces the artificial anisotropy parameters into the one‐step leapfrog WCS‐FDTD scheme, is proposed to suppress the numerical dispersion error and boost the accuracy without the enhancement of the simulation complexity. The proposed scheme maintains the property of WCS and stays almost unchanged Courant‐Friedrich‐Levy stability condition as compared to the conventional WCS‐FDTD scheme. The theoretical derivation of the iterative formulation and the analysis of the numerical dispersion are given in detail. The numerical example is presented to demonstrate that the developed scheme has significantly improved the accuracy of the one‐step leapfrog WCS‐FDTD scheme without sacrificing efficiency.
Divide‐by‐2 injection‐locked frequency divider exploiting an 8‐shaped inductor
Authors: Lee Ho‐Chang , Jang Sheng‐Lyang , Liu Hao‐Wei , Chen Li Ying 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis letter presents a wide‐band 2:1 injection‐locked frequency divider (ILFD) in the 0.18 μm BiCMOS process with circuit model of class‐AB. The ILFD uses an 8‐shaped inductor in shunt with parasitic capacitors as the resonator, and it also employs two capacitive cross‐coupled pairs to generate negative resistance for oscillation. The gate biases of capacitive cross‐coupled pairs are fully utilized to tune the free‐running ILFD oscillation frequency. At the power consumption of 2.064 mW and the input power of 0 dBm, the locking range frequency is 71.3% (from 3.7 to 7.8 GHz) and the figure of merit (FOM) is 34.54. As compared to other ILFDs using octagonal inductors, this ILFD has low EM radiation level and less sensitivity to received EM noise.
Identification of patterns of foot and ankle pain in the community: Cross‐sectional findings from the clinical assessment study of the foot
Authors: Chean Chung Shen , Lingham Aranghan , Rathod‐Mistry Trishna , Thomas Martin J. , Marshall Michelle , Menz Hylton B. , Roddy Edward 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate patterns of foot and ankle pain locations and symptoms, socio‐demographic and comorbid characteristics to examine whether there are distinct foot and ankle pain phenotypes.MethodsAdults aged ≥50 years registered with four general practices in North Staffordshire were mailed a Health Survey questionnaire. Participants reporting foot pain in the last month indicated foot pain location on a foot manikin. Foot and ankle pain patterns were investigated by latent class analysis. Associations between the classes with foot pain symptoms, socio‐demographic and comorbid characteristics were assessed.ResultsFour thousand four hundred fifty‐five participants with complete foot pain and manikin data were included in this analysis (mean age 65 years [SD 9.8], 49% male). Of those with foot and ankle pain (n = 1356), 90% had pain in more than one region. Six distinct classes of foot and ankle pain were identified: no pain (71%), bilateral forefoot/midfoot pain (4%), bilateral hindfoot pain (5%), left forefoot/midfoot pain (8%), right forefoot/midfoot pain (5%) and bilateral widespread foot and ankle pain (6%). People with bilateral widespread foot and ankle pain were more likely to be female, obese, depressed, anxious, have/had a manual occupation, have comorbidities, lower SF‐12 scores and greater foot‐specific disability. Age did not differ between classes.ConclusionsSix distinct classes of foot and ankle pain locations were identified, and those with bilateral widespread foot and ankle pain had distinct characteristics. Further investigation of these individuals is required to determine if they have poorer outcomes over time and whether they would benefit from earlier identification and treatment.
Error estimation for proper generalized decomposition solutions: Dual analysis and adaptivity for quantities of interest
Authors: Reis Jonatha , Moitinho de Almeida J. P. , Díez Pedro , Zlotnik Sergio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWhen designing a structure or engineering a component, it is crucial to use methods that provide fast and reliable solutions, so that a large number of design options can be assessed. In this context, the proper generalized decomposition (PGD) can be a powerful tool, as it provides solutions to parametric problems, without being affected by the “curse of dimensionality.” Assessing the accuracy of the solutions obtained with the PGD is still a relevant challenge, particularly when seeking quantities of interest with guaranteed bounds. In this work, we compute compatible and equilibrated PGD solutions and use them in a dual analysis to obtain quantities of interest and their bounds, which are guaranteed. We also use these complementary solutions to compute an error indicator, which is used to drive a mesh adaptivity process, oriented for a quantity of interest. The corresponding solutions have errors that are much lower than those obtained using a uniform refinement or an indicator based on the global error, as the proposed approach focuses on minimizing the error in the quantity of interest.
The Allylic Alkylation of Ketone Enolates
Authors: Junk Lukas , Kazmaier Uli 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed allylic alkylation of non‐stabilized ketone enolates was thought for a long time to be not as efficient as the analogous reactions of stabilized enolates, e. g. of malonates and β‐ketoesters. The field has experienced a rapid development during the last two decades, with a range of new, highly efficient protocols evolved. In this review, the early developments as well as current methods and applications of palladium‐catalyzed ketone enolate allylations will be discussed.
Melt synthesis of sulfonated EPDM ionomers in batch and continuous processes
Authors: Zhao Zhiyang , Zhang Linkun , Weiss R. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractZinc‐neutralized sulfonated EPDM ionomers (Zn‐SEPDM) were prepared by batch and continuous melt sulfonation processes, and the ionomer products were compared with ionomers synthesized by sulfonation of EPDM in homogeneous solution. The efficiency of a batch melt sulfonation using an intensive mixer as a reactor was comparable to that of the solution sulfonation process, but the efficiency of the melt sulfonation in a twin‐screw extruder was considerably lower, which was thought to be a consequence of a relatively short reaction residence time due to limitations of the equipment. Melt neutralization was not complete, which produced a dark colored product. However, the incomplete neutralization and the color of the product did not affect the mechanical properties of the melt sulfonated ionomers, which were comparable to those of ionomers made by conventional solution sulfonation. The metal sulfonate concentration alone determined the mechanical properties of the ionomer. Melt sulfonation of Zn‐SEPDM ionomers by batch or continuous melt processes appears to be a practical alternative to solution sulfonation, but further optimization of the melt sulfonation processes is needed to ensure uniform sulfonation and complete neutralization.
Relationships between molar mass and fracture properties of segmented urethane and amide copolymers modified by chemical degradation
Authors: Bardin Antoine , Le Gac Pierre‐Yves , Bindi Hervé , Fayolle Bruno 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis publication highlights the structure–property relationships in several thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs): one poly(ether‐block‐amide) and two thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers with ester and ether soft blocks. Structural changes are induced by chemical degradation from virgin samples through hydrolysis and oxidation. Molar mass measurements show an exclusive chain scission mechanism for all TPEs, regardless of the chemical modification condition. Mechanical behavior was nevertheless obtained from uniaxial tensile testing and fracture testing while considering the essential work of fracture (EWF) concept. During the macromolecular scission process, elongation at break shows a plateau followed by a drop, while stress at break decreases steadily. Once again, the trend is identical for all TPEs in all conditions considered. The βwp parameter determined using the EWF concept exhibits an interesting sensitivity to scissions (i.e., molar mas decrease). Plotting elongation at break as a function of molar mass reveals a strong correlation between these two parameters. This master curve is particularly remarkable considering the range of TPEs and chemical breakdown pathways considered (hydrolysis and oxidation at several temperatures). Relevant structure–property relationships are proposed, highlighting that molar mass is a predominant parameter for determining the mechanical properties of thermoplastic elastomers.
On the move again? Residential trajectories of refugees after obtaining asylum in the Netherlands
Authors: de Hoon Marloes , Vink Maarten , Schmeets Hans 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEfforts by European countries to disperse refugees across the country often implicitly presuppose permanent settlement in dispersal locations. Migrant (re)settlement theories, however, suggest that onward mobility after (social) housing allocation is a more likely outcome. This paper explores refugees' onward residential trajectories after dispersal in the Netherlands, including possible onward international mobility. We follow refugees who entered the municipal registers in 1998 and 1999 (N = 13,490) over a ten‐year period after taking up residence in the first private dwelling. We find that residential trajectories are related to the household situation and vary considerably across origin groups. In general, ‘stable trajectories’, with a continuation of the type of initial location after dispersal (rural, suburban or urban), are most common. About half of the refugees who stayed in the Netherlands did not leave the municipality of allocation during their a private housing trajectory. Yet, those who were allocated to rural municipalities have in the majority of the cases relocated over time. We find some evidence that social networks and transitions to home ownership are associated with rural to urban movement. Recent policy changes that allow for more participation in the housing allocation procedures of the refugees themselves may reduce resettlement needs and costs for refugees.
Analysis of diurnal to seasonal variability of Integrated Water Vapour in the South Indian Ocean basin using ground‐based GNSS and fifth‐generation ECMWF reanalysis (ERA5) data
Authors: Lees Edouard , Bousquet Olivier , Roy Denis , Bellevue Jimmy Leclair de 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe spatial and temporal distribution of tropospheric water vapour in the South Indian Ocean (SIO) basin is investigated using observations collected from twelve GNSS stations spanning the basin. The comparison of GNSS‐derived integrated water vapour (IWV) content against radiosoundings and satellite‐borne microwave radiometer data shows good agreement, with global uncertainties ranging from 0.76 to 1.17 kg·m−2, depending on GNSS station locations. GNSS‐derived IWV contents show a strong seasonal cycle, characterized by higher water vapour content during the austral summer, when the InterTropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is located in the Southern Hemisphere. At the seasonal time‐scale, the observed annual IWV amplitude varies from 10 to 15 kg·m−2 near the Equator to 20 to 30 kg·m−2 in the Subtropics. The GNSS IWV signature of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is hardly noticeable during the Austral winter, but varies from 1–2 to 4 kg·m−2 between the active and suppressed phases of the MJO during austral summer. At diurnal time‐scales, GNSS IWV shows larger diurnal amplitude over land (2–3 kg·m−2) than over open ocean (1–2 kg·m−2), with highest amplitudes (up to 7 kg·m−2) observed over large and mountainous islands. The phase analysis of the IWV diurnal cycle indicates that the diurnal maximum (minimum) is reached in the late afternoon/evening (morning) over land, at night (mid‐day) over ocean and in the early morning (late afternoon) at coastal locations. A comparison of GNSS‐derived IWV contents against fifth‐generation European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis (ERA5) data shows that ERA5 generally correctly reproduces the IWV content at both seasonal, intra‐seasonal and diurnal time‐scales, although some discrepancies can be noticed over small islands characterised by steep orography. The signature of the MJO in ERA5 also shows good agreement with GNSS observations at most studied locations.
Enhancing ensemble data assimilation into one‐way‐coupled models with one‐step‐ahead smoothing
Authors: Raboudi Naila F. , Ait‐El‐Fquih Boujemaa , Subramanian Aneesh C. , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the filtering problem with one‐way coupled (OWC) state‐space systems, for which the joint ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is the standard solution. In this approach, the states of the two coupled sub‐systems are jointly updated with all incoming observations. This enables transfer of the information across the sub‐systems, which should provide coupled‐state estimates in better agreement with the observations. The state estimates of the joint EnKF highly depend on the relevance of the joint ensembles' cross‐covariances between the sub‐systems' variables. In this work, we propose a new joint EnKF scheme based on the One‐Step‐Ahead (OSA) smoothing formulation of the filtering problem for efficient assimilation into OWC systems. The scheme introduces an extra smoothing step for both states' sub‐systems with the future observations, followed by an analysis step for each sub‐system state using only its own observation, all within a Bayesian‐consistent framework. The extra OSA smoothing step enables us to more efficiently exploit the observations, to enhance the representativeness of the EnKF covariances, and to mitigate for reported inconsistencies in the joint EnKF analysis step. We demonstrate the relevance of the proposed approach by presenting and analyzing results of various numerical experiments conducted with a OWC Lorenz‐96 model.
Radical Reactions of Ynamides
Authors: Tan Tong‐De , Wang Ze‐Shu , Qian Peng‐Cheng , Ye Long‐Wu 
Published: September 2020

AbstractYnamides are electron‐rich heteroatom‐substituted alkynes with C−C triple bond directly tethered to the amide group. Over the past decades, ynamides have proven to be versatile reagents for organic synthesis and have received extensive attention. Compared with the well‐established ionic reactions of ynamides, radical‐based ynamide reactions have been exploited relatively seldom. Herein, radical reactions of ynamides, classified by radical attack at the α‐position and β‐position of ynamides, are reviewed by highlighting the reaction selectivity, scope, mechanism, and applicability. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summarization of these advances, casting light on the further development of ynamide chemistry.
Hellish Evil, Heavenly Love: A Long-Term History of Same-Sex Sexuality and Religion in the Netherlands
Authors: Bos David J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis chapter offers an overview of changes in Dutch perceptions of, and attitudes toward, same-sex sexuality and the part religion played in them. It discusses landmark events and publications from 1730—when “sodomy” became a public issue—until the present. It describes the evolution of discourse on same-sex sexuality, with special reference to the earliest publications on “homosexuality,” alias “Uranism,” which often referred to religion. In the twentieth century, Roman Catholic and Protestant opposition to homosexual emancipation gradually gave way to sympathy, and in the 1960s some pastors were vocal advocates of acceptance. In the early 1970s, homosexuality became a doctrinal issue, a religious identity marker. Polarization was exacerbated in the late 1970s, which saw the rise of both the gay and lesbian movement and religious fundamentalism. “Discursive associations” between religion—including Judaism and Islam—and homosexuality are brought to light partly by means of quantitative content analysis of newspapers.
Cooperativity of membrane-protein and protein–protein interactions control membrane remodeling by epsin 1 and affects clathrin-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Kroppen Benjamin , Teske Nelli , Yambire King F. , Denkert Niels , Mukherjee Indrani , Tarasenko Daryna , Jaipuria Garima , Zweckstetter Markus , Milosevic Ira , Steinem Claudia , Meinecke Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMembrane remodeling is a critical process for many membrane trafficking events, including clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Several molecular mechanisms for protein-induced membrane curvature have been described in some detail. Contrary, the effect that the physico-chemical properties of the membrane have on these processes is far less well understood. Here, we show that the membrane binding and curvature-inducing ENTH domain of epsin1 is regulated by phosphatidylserine (PS). ENTH binds to membranes in a PI(4,5)P2-dependent manner but only induces curvature in the presence of PS. On PS-containing membranes, the ENTH domain forms rigid homo-oligomers and assembles into clusters. Membrane binding and membrane remodeling can be separated by structure-to-function mutants. Such oligomerization mutants bind to membranes but do not show membrane remodeling activity. In vivo, they are not able to rescue defects in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) endocytosis in epsin knock-down cells. Together, these data show that the membrane lipid composition is important for the regulation of protein-dependent membrane deformation during clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
Molecular and neurocircuitry mechanisms of social avoidance
Authors: Gellner Anne-Kathrin , Voelter Jella , Schmidt Ulrike , Beins Eva Carolina , Stein Valentin , Philipsen Alexandra , Hurlemann René 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHumans and animals live in social relationships shaped by actions of approach and avoidance. Both are crucial for normal physical and mental development, survival, and well-being. Active withdrawal from social interaction is often induced by the perception of threat or unpleasant social experience and relies on adaptive mechanisms within neuronal networks associated with social behavior. In case of confrontation with overly strong or persistent stressors and/or dispositions of the affected individual, maladaptive processes in the neuronal circuitries and its associated transmitters and modulators lead to pathological social avoidance. This review focuses on active, fear-driven social avoidance, affected circuits within the mesocorticolimbic system and associated regions and a selection of molecular modulators that promise translational potential. A comprehensive review of human research in this field is followed by a reflection on animal studies that offer a broader and often more detailed range of analytical methodologies. Finally, we take a critical look at challenges that could be addressed in future translational research on fear-driven social avoidance.