bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TKI dose reduction can effectively maintain major molecular remission in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Claudiani Simone , Apperley Jane F. , Szydlo Richard , Khan Afzal , Nesr George , Hayden Chloe , J. Innes Andrew , Dominy Kathy , Foskett Pierre , Foroni Letizia , Khorashad Jamshid , Milojkovic Dragana 
Published: December 2020

SummaryTargeted therapy for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) has allowed for a near‐normal patient life‐expectancy; however, quality of life and aggravation of existing co‐morbidities have posed new treatment challenges. In clinical practice, TKI dose reduction occurs frequently, often on multiple occasions, because of intolerance. We conducted a retrospective ‘real‐world practice’ review of 246 patients receiving lower than standard dose (LD) TKI after the achievement of major molecular response (MR3), because of intolerable adverse events. In 274 of 298 cases of dose reduction (91·9%), MR3 was maintained at median follow‐up of 27·3 months. One patient progressed to blast crisis while on LD TKI. Two patients developed two new ABL kinase domain mutations (T315I and V299L), of whom one had achieved deep molecular response on an alternative LD TKI at last follow‐up. Seventy‐six patients eventually discontinued LD TKI and the two‐year treatment‐free remission (TFR) rate in these patients was 74·1%. The majority of patients with CML in at least MR3 appear to be safely managed with LD TKI, although three of 246 patients had new events (progression and new mutation), indicating that this approach requires vigilance. TKI LD does not prevent the achievement of TFR in this patient population.
Does self‐compassion help to deal with dietary lapses among overweight and obese adults who pursue weight‐loss goals?
Authors: Thøgersen‐Ntoumani Cecilie , Dodos Louisa A. , Stenling Andreas , Ntoumanis Nikos 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesSelf‐compassion can facilitate self‐improvement motivation. We examined the effects of self‐compassion in response to dietary lapses on outcomes relevant to weight‐loss strivings using a longitudinal design. The indirect effects of self‐compassion via guilt and shame were also explored.DesignAn Ecological Momentary Assessment methodology was employed with a sample of adults who were overweight or obese attempting to lose weight via dietary restriction (N = 56; Mage = 34.88; SD = 13.93; MBMI = 32.50; SD = 6.88) and who responded to brief surveys sent to their mobile phones twice daily for two weeks.MethodsDietary temptations and lapses were assessed at each diary entry, and self‐compassion in response to dietary lapses, intention to continue dieting, weight‐loss‐related self‐efficacy, negative reactions to the lapse, and self‐conscious emotions were surveyed on occasions when participants reported having experienced a dietary lapse. The participants were also weighed in a laboratory prior to the EMA phase and via self‐report straight after the EMA phase. Weight was measured again in the laboratory 12 weeks after the EMA period.ResultsBayesian multilevel path analyses showed that self‐compassion did not predict weight loss. However, at the within‐person level, self‐compassion was positively related to intentions and self‐efficacy to continue dieting, and negatively related to negative affective reactions to the lapses. Guilt mediated the associations of self‐compassion with intention, self‐efficacy, and negative reactions.ConclusionSelf‐compassion may be a powerful internal resource to cultivate when dieters experience inevitable setbacks during weight‐loss strivings which could facilitate weight‐loss perseverance.
Burrowing into the forest: Phylogeny of the Asian forest scorpions (Scorpionidae: Heterometrinae) and the evolution of ecomorphotypes
Authors: Loria Stephanie F. , Prendini Lorenzo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAsian forest scorpions (Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802: Heterometrinae Simon, 1879) are distributed across South and Southeast Asia. All are fossorial, constructing burrows under stones or in open ground, in habitats differing in precipitation and vegetation cover, from rainforests and tropical deciduous forests to savanna and scrubland. The systematics of these scorpions has long been confused due to bad taxonomy and the absence of a phylogenetic framework. Although the monophyly of the group was previously confirmed as part of broader phylogenetic analyses based on exemplar species, the only quantitative analysis of species‐level variation to date was based on overall similarity. This contribution presents the first species‐level phylogenetic analysis of Asian Scorpionidae, based on 186 morphological characters and 4188 aligned base‐pairs of DNA sequence data from two nuclear and three mitochondrial loci for 132 terminals including all 41 ingroup species and four outgroup species. Simultaneous analyses of the morphological and molecular datasets with parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference provided the framework for a revised classification presented elsewhere. In order to understand how adaptation following dispersal into new habitats has driven the morphological diversification of Asian forest scorpions, species were scored for 10 characters concerning morphology and burrow architecture, which contributed to an ensemble index of adaptation to habitat aridity. Species were classified into three ecomorphotypes based on the index, and ancestral state reconstruction of ecomorphotypes performed on the phylogeny. A pattern was recovered in which lineages and species occurring in different habitats on a continuum from wet (evergreen forest) to dry (savanna, scrubland) exhibited characters presumed to be adaptive and hence responsible for driving scorpion diversification.
Increased frequency of heart transplantation, shortened waitlist time and preserved post‐transplant survival in adults with congenital heart disease, on the new heart transplant allocation system
Authors: Jani Milena , Cook Stephen , Huang Si Hong , Boeve Theodore , Leacche Marzia , Manandhar‐Shrestha Nabin K. , Jovinge Stefan V. , Loyaga‐Rendon Renzo Y. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractHistorically, adult congenital patients have longer waitlist time and worse outcomes on the heart transplant waitlist as well as poorer early post‐transplant survival. A new heart transplantation allocation system was implemented in the United States on October 18, 2018. The effect of the new allocation system on adult congenital patients is unknown. Adult congenital patients listed for transplantation between November 1, 2015 and September 30, 2019 registered in the United Network for Organ Sharing were included in the study. October 18, 2018 was used as the limit to distribute listed and transplanted patients into old and new groups. A total of 399 patients were listed for heart transplant only, 284 in the old system and 115 in the new system. Clinical characteristics were similar between both groups. The cumulative incidence of poor outcome on the transplant list was similar in both groups (P = .23), but the cumulative incidence of transplant was higher in the new system group (P < .009) and was associated with a shorter waitlist time. The one‐year post‐transplant outcome was similar between old and new groups (P = .37). The new allocation system has benefited adult congenital patients with increased cumulative frequency of transplantation without worsening short‐term survival after transplantation.
Lack of neural evidence for implicit language learning in 9‐month‐old infants at high risk for autism
Authors: Liu Janelle , Tsang Tawny , Ponting Carolyn , Jackson Lisa , Jeste Shafali S. , Bookheimer Susan Y. , Dapretto Mirella 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWord segmentation is a fundamental aspect of language learning, since identification of word boundaries in continuous speech must occur before the acquisition of word meanings can take place. We previously used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to show that youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are less sensitive to statistical and speech cues that guide implicit word segmentation. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying this process during infancy and how this may be associated with ASD risk. Here, we examined early neural signatures of language‐related learning in 9‐month‐old infants at high (HR) and low familial risk (LR) for ASD. During natural sleep, infants underwent fMRI while passively listening to three speech streams containing strong statistical and prosodic cues, strong statistical cues only, or minimal statistical cues to word boundaries. Compared to HR infants, LR infants showed greater activity in the left amygdala for the speech stream containing statistical and prosodic cues. While listening to this same speech stream, LR infants also showed more learning‐related signal increases in left temporal regions as well as increasing functional connectivity between bilateral primary auditory cortex and right anterior insula. Importantly, learning‐related signal increases at 9 months positively correlated with expressive language outcome at 36 months in both groups. In the HR group, greater signal increases were additionally associated with less severe ASD symptomatology at 36 months. These findings suggest that early differences in the neural networks underlying language learning may predict subsequent language development and altered trajectories associated with ASD risk.
A pilot study on right ventricular longitudinal strain as a predictor of outcome in COVID‐19 patients with evidence of cardiac involvement
Authors: Stockenhuber Alexander , Vrettos Apostolos , Androshchuk Vitaliy , George Manju , Robertson Calum , Bowers Nicola , Clifford Piers , Firoozan Soroosh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsThe aim of this investigation was to evaluate echocardiographic parameters of cardiac function and in particular right ventricular (RV) function as a predictor of mortality in patients with coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pneumonia.Methods and ResultsThis prospective observational study included 35 patients admitted to a UK district general hospital with COVID‐19 and evidence of cardiac involvement, that is, raised Troponin I levels or clinical evidence of heart failure during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic (March–May 2020). All patients underwent echocardiography including speckle tracking for right ventricular longitudinal strain (RVLS) providing image quality was sufficient (30 out of 35 patients). Upon comparison of patients who survived COVID‐19 with non‐survivors, survivors had significantly smaller RVs (basal RV diameter 38.2 vs 43.5 mm P = .0295) with significantly better RV function (Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE): 17.5 vs 15.3 mm P = .049; average RVLS: 24.3% vs 15.6%; P = .0018). Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) maximal velocity was higher in survivors (2.75 m/s vs 2.11 m/s; P = .0045) indicating that pressure overload was not the predominant driver of this effect and there was no significant difference in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction. Kaplan–Meier and log‐rank analysis of patients split into groups according to average RVLS above or below 20% revealed significantly increased 30‐day mortality in patients with average RVLS under 20% (HR: 3.189; 95% CI: 1.297–12.91; P = .0195).ConclusionThis study confirms that RVLS is a potent and independent predictor of outcome in COVID‐19 patients with evidence of cardiac involvement.
Design and implementation of electronic health record common data elements for pediatric epilepsy: Foundations for a learning health care system
Authors: Grinspan Zachary M. , Patel Anup D. , Shellhaas Renée A. , Berg Anne T. , Axeen Erika T. , Bolton Jeffrey , Clarke David F. , Coryell Jason , Gaillard William D. , Goodkin Howard P. , Koh Sookyong , Kukla Alison , Mbwana Juma S. , Morgan Lindsey A. , Singhal Nilika S. , Storey Margaret M. , Yozawitz Elissa G. , Abend Nicholas S. , Fitzgerald Mark P. , Fridinger Sara E. , Helbig Ingo , Massey Shavonne L. , Prelack Marisa S. , Buchhalter Jeffrey ,   the Pediatric Epilepsy Learning Healthcare System
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveCommon data elements (CDEs) are standardized questions and answer choices that allow aggregation, analysis, and comparison of observations from multiple sources. Clinical CDEs are foundational for learning health care systems, a data‐driven approach to health care focused on continuous improvement of outcomes. We aimed to create clinical CDEs for pediatric epilepsy.MethodsA multiple stakeholder group (clinicians, researchers, parents, caregivers, advocates, and electronic health record [EHR] vendors) developed clinical CDEs for routine care of children with epilepsy. Initial drafts drew from clinical epilepsy note templates, CDEs created for clinical research, items in existing registries, consensus documents and guidelines, quality metrics, and outcomes needed for demonstration projects. The CDEs were refined through discussion and field testing. We describe the development process, rationale for CDE selection, findings from piloting, and the CDEs themselves. We also describe early implementation, including experience with EHR systems and compatibility with the International League Against Epilepsy classification of seizure types.ResultsCommon data elements were drafted in August 2017 and finalized in January 2020. Prioritized outcomes included seizure control, seizure freedom, American Academy of Neurology quality measures, presence of common comorbidities, and quality of life. The CDEs were piloted at 224 visits at 10 centers. The final CDEs included 36 questions in nine sections (number of questions): diagnosis (1), seizure frequency (9), quality of life (2), epilepsy history (6), etiology (8), comorbidities (2), treatment (2), process measures (5), and longitudinal history notes (1). Seizures are categorized as generalized tonic‐clonic (regardless of onset), motor, nonmotor, and epileptic spasms. Focality is collected as epilepsy type rather than seizure type. Seizure frequency is measured in nine levels (all used during piloting). The CDEs were implemented in three vendor systems. Early clinical adoption included 1294 encounters at one center.SignificanceWe created, piloted, refined, finalized, and implemented a novel set of clinical CDEs for pediatric epilepsy.
A feminist public sociology of the pandemic: Interviewing about a crisis, during a crisis
Authors: Averett Kate Henley 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWidespread school closures due to the coronavirus‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic have left US parents—especially mothers—doing increasing amounts of family labor as they oversee their children's remote learning. In this article, I reflect on the process of interviewing 112 US parents, primarily mothers, about their experiences of pandemic‐related school closures, amidst the pandemic itself. These interviews were largely intensely emotional experiences. I reflect on the emotions of both respondents and researcher to argue that carrying out such interviews in the midst of a crisis can function as a form of care work. I propose the idea of a feminist public sociology of the pandemic that has three primary aims: bearing witness to the experiences of those impacted by the pandemic, making a record of those experiences, and helping scholars and the public to think about the pandemic sociologically, ideally in such a way that will aid in the creation of policy responses that address and reduce this suffering.
Micro‐ and nano‐emulsions based on soluble soy polysaccharide and octenyl succinic anhydride modified soluble soy polysaccharide
Authors: Qi Jun‐Ru , Zhang Dai‐Yu , Zhao Ru‐Xia , Liao Jin‐Song , Cao Yong , Xiao Jie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this study, emulsion stabilised by soybean soluble polysaccharide (SSPS) and octenyl succinic anhydride modified SSPS (OSA‐SSPS) with high molecular weight (HMW) at concentrations (2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%) was prepared. The droplet size of emulsion stabilised by OSA‐SSPS (HMW) was between 150 and 300 nm with a single distribution peak and increased by 0.1 μm after 4 weeks; that of emulsion stabilised by SSPS was between 1 and 5 μm with two distribution peaks and increased by more than 2 μm after 4 weeks. The viscosity of emulsion with OSA‐SSPS (HMW) was larger than that with SSPS, and the absolute value of zeta potential of microemulsion with SSPS was lower than 43 mV while that of nanoemulsion with OSA‐SSPS (HMW) was higher than 46 mV. The stability of nanoemulsion with OSA‐SSPS (HMW) slightly varied with the increase of storage time and concentration, which provided theoretical guidance for the application of OSA‐SSPS in nanoemulsion.
“We are part of this place, but I do not think I belong.” Temporariness, Social Inclusion and Belonging among Migrant Farmworkers in Southwestern Ontario
Authors: Basok Tanya , George Glynis 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe Canadian temporary migration regime has been widely criticised for its failure to provide protections and address migrant needs. This article contributes to these critiques by analysing how temporariness impacts the sense of belonging and perceptions of social inclusion among farmworkers in Canada. The sense of inclusion and belonging is vital for individuals’ sense of well‐being, and therefore, a critique of temporariness is incomplete without it. Based on ethnographic research conducted in 2018–2019 in a rural community in Southwestern Ontario, Canada, it documents that, despite certain initiatives to make temporary migrant workers feel welcomed, migrants have not grown attached to this place. We situate farmworkers’ limited sense of belonging in the exclusionary architecture of this labour migration regime. We argue that two structural elements in particular make it impossible for most migrant farmworkers to feel connected to Canada—the forced separation from their families, and the lack of mobility within the labour force.
Macrophage reprogramming for therapy
Authors: Bart Valentina M. T. , Pickering Robert J. , Taylor Philip R. , Ipseiz Natacha 
Published: December 2020

SummaryDysfunction of the immune system underlies a plethora of human diseases, requiring the development of immunomodulatory therapeutic intervention. To date, most strategies employed have been focusing on the modification of T lymphocytes, and although remarkable improvement has been obtained, results often fall short of the intended outcome. Recent cutting‐edge technologies have highlighted macrophages as potential targets for disease control. Macrophages play central roles in development, homeostasis and host defence, and their dysfunction and dysregulation have been implicated in the onset and pathogenesis of multiple disorders including cancer, neurodegeneration, autoimmunity and metabolic diseases. Recent advancements have led to a greater understanding of macrophage origin, diversity and function, in both health and disease. Over the last few years, a variety of strategies targeting macrophages have been developed and these open new therapeutic opportunities. Here, we review the progress in macrophage reprogramming in various disorders and discuss the potential implications and challenges for macrophage‐targeted approaches in human disease.
For a critical appraisal of artificial intelligence in healthcare: The problem of bias in mHealth
Authors: Brault Nicolas , Saxena Mohit 
Published: December 2020

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesArtificial intelligence and big data are more and more used in medicine, either in prevention, diagnosis or treatment, and are clearly modifying the way medicine is thought and practiced. Some authors argue that the use of artificial intelligence techniques to analyze big data would even constitute a scientific revolution, in medicine as much as in other scientific disciplines. Moreover, artificial intelligence techniques, coupled with mobile health technologies, could furnish a personalized medicine, adapted to the individuality of each patient. In this paper we argue that this conception is largely a myth: what health professionals and patients need is not more data, but data that are critically appraised, especially to avoid bias.MethodsIn this historical and conceptual article, we focus on two main problems: first, the data and the problem of its validity; second, the inference drawn from the data by AI, and the establishment of correlations through the use of algorithms. We use examples from the contemporary use of mobile health (mHealth), i.e. the practice of medicine and public health supported by mobile or wearable devices such as mobile phones or smart watches.ResultsWe show that the validity of the data and of the inferences drawn from these mHealth data are likely to be biased. As biases are insensitive to the size of the sample, even if the sample is the whole population, artificial intelligence and big data cannot avoid biases and even tend to increase them.ConclusionsThe large amount of data thus appears rather as a problem than a solution. What contemporary medicine needs is not more data or more algorithms, but a critical appraisal of the data and of the analysis of the data. Considering the history of epidemiology, we propose three research priorities concerning the use of artificial intelligence and big data in medicine.
PTSD Improvement Associated with Social Connectedness in Gerofit Veterans Exercise Program
Authors: Wilkins Stacy Schantz , Melrose Rebecca J. , Hall Katherine S. , Blanchard Erin , Castle Steven C. , Kopp Teresa , Katzel Leslie I. , Holder Alice , Alexander Neil , McDonald Michelle K.S. , Tayade Arti , Forman Daniel E. , Abbate Lauren M. , Harris Rebekah , Valencia Willy M. , Morey Miriam C. , Lee Cathy C. 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivePost‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common in Veterans. Symptoms can perpetuate into late life, negatively impacting physical and mental health. Exercise and social support are beneficial in treating anxiety disorders such as PTSD in the general population, although less is known about the impact on Veterans who have lived with PTSD for decades. This study assessed associations between social connectedness, physical function and self‐reported change in PTSD symptoms among older Veterans specifically participating in Gerofit.DesignProspective clinical intervention.SettingTwelve sites of Veterans Affairs (VA) Gerofit exercise program across the United States.ParticipantsThree hundred and twenty one older Veteran Gerofit participants (mean age = 74) completed physical assessments and questionnaires regarding physical and emotional symptoms and their experience.MeasurementsMeasures of physical function, including 30‐second chair stands, 10‐m and 6‐min walk were assessed at baseline and 3 months; change in PTSD symptoms based on the Diagnostic Statistical Manual—5 (DSM‐5) assessed by a self‐report questionnaire; and social connection measured by the Relatedness Subscale of the Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise scale (PNSE) were evaluated after 3 months of participation in Gerofit.ResultsNinety five (29.6%) Veterans reported PTSD. Significant improvement was noted in self‐rated PTSD symptoms at 3 months (P < .05). Moderate correlation (r = .44) was found between social connectedness with other participants in Gerofit and PTSD symptom improvement for those Veterans who endorsed improvement (n = 59). All participants improved on measures of physical function. In Veterans who endorsed PTSD there were no significant associations between physical function improvement and PTSD symptoms.ConclusionVeterans with PTSD that participated in Gerofit group exercise reported symptom improvement, and social connectedness was significantly associated with this improvement. In addition to physical health benefits, the social context of Gerofit may offer a potential resource for improving PTSD symptoms in older Veterans that warrants further study.