bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Benralizumab in Paediatric and Adult Populations with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Almulhim Rayanah Nouraldeen , Alsabhawi Abdullah Hamad , Alkhawajah Amnah Ali , Alyabis Nouf Abdullah , Alotaibi Jood Khalid , Alfaraj Ahmed Baqer , Alawad Fatema Hani , Alarfaj Abdullah Ahmed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the nasal and sinus mucosa, characterised by the symptoms such as nasal congestion, facial pain and a diminished sense of smell. Despite available treatments, including intranasal corticosteroids and surgery, many patients experience persistent symptoms and a reduced quality of life. Benralizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the interleukin-5 receptor alpha, has emerged as a potential therapeutic option for CRSwNP due to its ability to target eosinophils, a key cell type involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Benralizumab in both paediatric and adult populations with CRSwNP.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library, from inception to 10th April 2024. The search strategy utilised a combination of keywords related to Benralizumab, CRSwNP and relevant outcomes. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy and safety of Benralizumab in patients with CRSwNP. Data extraction was conducted independently by two authors, and risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane ‘Risk of bias’ tool. Statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager version 5.4.1, and pooled effect estimates were calculated for primary and secondary outcomes.

Results:
Three RCTs were analysed, encompassing 431 individuals. Benralizumab exhibited significant reductions in sino-nasal outcome test scores compared to placebo (MD = −0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.05 to −0.65; P = 0.04). Computed tomography scores Lund-Mackay score (LMS) also decreased significantly with Benralizumab treatment (overall effect size: −2.27, 95% CI: −2.52 to − 2.02; P < 0.00001). Furthermore, Benralizumab led to a substantial reduction in bilateral endoscopic nasal polyp scores (combined standard mean difference: −0.91), benefiting patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, our systematic review and meta-analysis provide evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of Benralizumab in treating both paediatric and adult populations with CRSwNP. Benralizumab offers a targeted approach to addressing the underlying inflammatory process driving CRSwNP, leading to significant reductions in nasal polyp size and improvements in symptoms and quality of life.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials comparing the Effectiveness of Nasal Splints versus Nasal Packing
Authors: Alasmari Yazeed , Alshehri Renad Mohammed , Sultan Huda , Alotaibi Talal , Munhish Fadi , Alrumayh Jawaher , Abdullah Shaden , Alshehri Rayan Fahad Z. , Albalawi Danah , Alawad Fatema Hani , Alarfaj Abdullah Ahmed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Nasal splints and nasal packing are commonly utilised interventions in various nasal surgeries, including septoplasty and rhinoplasty. Understanding the efficacy and potential benefits of each approach is essential for optimising patient outcomes and informing clinical practice.

Objective:
This study aims to synthesise evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to provide valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of nasal splints versus nasal packing in nasal surgery procedures.

Materials and Methods:
Data extraction included study characteristics, participant details, interventions, outcomes and funding sources. Quality assessment was conducted using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs. Statistical analyses were performed using R software, assessing heterogeneity with Cochrane Q and I² and utilising random-effects and common-effects models. Publication bias was evaluated through funnel plots and Egger’s test.

Results:
The meta-analysis demonstrated a significant positive effect of the treatment, with minimal heterogeneity among the studies. Egger’s test indicated minimal funnel plot asymmetry, suggesting that publication bias is unlikely to have substantially influenced the results.

Conclusion:
While the findings suggest a positive effect of nasal splints or packing, methodological concerns in some studies highlight the importance of rigorous evaluation and further research to enhance the reliability of findings and guide clinical practice.
Novel Therapies in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alkhalaf Rabab Ahmed Ali , Alayash Nawaf Ahmad A. , Alsultan Essa Sultan , Albahrani Zahra Saleem , Elyas Shahad Kamal H. , Alnaim Fatimah Sami , Alshangiti Asmaa Yahya , Aljayar Dalia , Alawad Fatema Hani , Mohaini Mohammad Al 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex, chronic and bilateral disease that results in discomfort, visual changes and instability of the tear film. These are immunosuppressive agents, immunomodulators, anti-inflammatory agents and corticosteroids some of the recent treatment approaches are autologous serum eye drops, stem cell therapy, lipid therapy and so on. This meta-analysis seeks to compare the effectiveness of autologous serum eye drops, stem cell therapy as well as the new lipid-based therapies with the standard water-based artificial tear ocular lubricants in DED.

Methodology:
PubMed, Cochrane and Embase were performed for the identification of trials published in the past 15 years. Specified data extraction was made on the aspects of study design, sample size, type of emerging therapy, measures of efficacy and the follow-up period. Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to assess study quality after modification was made to it. Meta-analysis applied the random-effects model to compare the effectiveness when stated as relative risks or mean differences.

Results:
Amongst the above, 19 studies were considered suitable for inclusion in the present paper. AEED and stem cell therapy demonstrated a better effect than artificial tear on tear film break-up time (TFBUT) and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Lipid-based treatments: here, the emulsion-based treatments seem to be slightly superior to the liposome-based treatments in TFBUT and Schirmer’s tests. To grill heterogeneity, sensitivity analyses were conducted on the findings of the meta-analysis.

Conclusion:
A similarity comparison of autologous serum eye drops and stem cell therapy shows that all parameters of efficacy for DED patients are significantly higher in the second method for increasing TFBUT and OSDI. Lipid preparations in the form of emulsions are not only viable, thus indicating that such novel therapies can aid in the improvement of DED outcomes. More studies must be conducted to describe longer outcomes and fine-tune working procedures.
Comparative Retrospective Analysis of Clinical and Hormonal Profiles in PCOS Patients with and Without Infertility
Authors: Alawad Fatema Hani , Alharbi Atheer Abdulmohsen , Mayoof Kawthar Ishaq , Hawsawi Heba Mohammed Ramadan , Alharthi Nada Nawaf , Ahmed Rufaida A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a prevalent endocrine disorder that impacts women who are fertile. Infertility is a characteristic of PCOS, although not all patients have it. To compare the clinical and hormonal profiles of PCOS patients with and without infertility, a retrospective analysis was carried out.

Methods:
Clinical and hormonal data of 541 PCOS patients were retrieved from patient records. Patients were classified into two groups based on the presence (n = 91) or absence (n = 450) of infertility. Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels at two time points and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels were compared between the groups. The study used IBM SPSS version 27 to analyse data on the fertility status of PCOS patients. Quantitative variables were expressed using mean ± standard deviation, whereas qualitative variables were expressed using frequencies and proportions. The study compared the mean AMH, β-hCG I and β-hCG II levels of two groups using an independent sample t-test. The best cut-off values for AMH and β-hCG to predict infertility were determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The relationships between hormonal factors and clinical parameters such as oligomenorrhoea and hirsutism were examined using the Chi-square test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The effect of hormonal parameters on infertility likelihood was assessed through multivariate logistic regression.

Results:
Patients with PCOS who were unable to conceive had significantly higher levels of β-hCG I and II than those who were not (P < 0.05). Patients who were infertile also had significantly higher levels of AMH (P < 0.05). Most infertile patients had AMH >4 ng/mL or β-hCG I >25 mIU/mL. Infertility in PCOS patients could be predicted with high sensitivity and specificity using these cut-off values.

Conclusion:
β-hCG and AMH levels can help differentiate PCOS patients with and without infertility. When compared to non-infertile patients, infertile patients had higher levels of both hormones. AMH >4 ng/mL or β-hCG I >25 mIU/mL levels demonstrated good predictive power for infertility risk in PCOS patients. Hormonal variables relating to fertility status in polycystic ovary syndrome are better understood with the help of these clinical data.
Functional Outcomes of Delayed Orthopaedic Surgeries in Saudi Paediatric Patients: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Alghamdi Rayan Ahmed , Al-Hayek Omar Oussama F. , Shakally Mohamad Souleman , Althobaiti Omar Mohammed , Aleid Fatimah Hussain , Alqahtani Mansour Salem B. , Alruwaili Abdulaziz Talal M. , Alqahtani Rahaf Abdullah , Aleid Zainab Mohammed , Alaidarous Hasan Ali Abdullah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Orthopaedic surgery is a surgical speciality that addresses a broad range of musculoskeletal conditions in all age groups to restore normal anatomy and function for an individual. The effect of delayed orthopaedic intervention in paediatric patients is understudied in available research in terms of patient’s functional outcomes and satisfaction. This study aims to investigate the consequences of delayed orthopaedic surgical procedures on the functional outcomes of paediatric patients in Saudi Arabia, addressing a significant research gap in the existing literature.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study design was used to examine the correlation between delayed orthopaedic surgical interventions and functional outcomes in the paediatric population across all regions of Saudi Arabia. The study sample of a total of 1584 paediatric patients was evaluated for orthopaedic surgical procedures. The data were collected using a comprehensive questionnaire which included demographic information as well as specific questions regarding their orthopaedic conditions and surgical interventions. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 28.0, following descriptive statistics, linear regression analysis, t-tests and ANOVA.

Results:
A significant positive association between delayed orthopaedic surgical interventions and functional outcomes was inferred. Furthermore, delayed interventions were linked to increased complications and reduced patient satisfaction, shedding light on potential areas of improvement. The study also emphasised that early operative treatment for paediatric injuries resulted in more favourable functional outcomes.

Conclusions:
In children, delayed orthopaedic procedures have been linked to worse functional results, with more severe fractures. A possible problem with the healthcare system may be indicated by the fact that the majority of participants thought that the orthopaedic surgical operations were considerably delayed. The study highlights the necessity of treating paediatric patients with orthopaedic therapy immediately because it can improve their quality of life and functional outcomes. Optimising paediatric orthopaedic care should be the main priority for healthcare professionals and legislators. They should investigate the causes of delays and possible solutions.
Investigating Patient Satisfaction, Quality of Life and Walking Impairment in Children with Flatfeet: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alyabis Nouf , Alqahtani Saeed Jarallah , Algahtany Aws Mubarak , Alruwaili Abdulelah Hamdan , Alqahtani Abdulrahman Saleh , Ali Khaled , Aleid Kawthar Mohammed , Alaidarous Hasan A. , Aldanyowi Saud Nayef 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Flatfoot (pes planus) is a common condition, often leading to pain and functional impairment. Surgical interventions are common, but their effectiveness in improving patient satisfaction and functional outcomes is unclear. This study evaluates these aspects in children post-flatfoot surgery.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2023 to August 2023 with 540 children aged 5–18 years who had undergone flatfoot surgery. Data analysis, using SPSS software, focused on demographics and post-operative outcomes, including satisfaction, quality of life and walking impairment.

Results:
A total of 540 patients were included, mainly aged 5–18 years with balanced gender distribution, reported varied post-surgery experiences. Some patients noted significant improvements in walking and quality of life, while others noted minimal benefits. Overall, moderate satisfaction was observed, indicating the potential benefits of the flatfoot surgery.

Conclusion:
The study highlights the importance of personalised pre- and post-operative care in managing flatfoot surgery expectations and outcomes. It suggests that healthcare providers should focus on individualised care strategies. Further research is needed to explore factors influencing surgical outcomes and develop less invasive treatment options for flatfoot.
Prevalence and Causes of Congenital Heart Defects in Paediatric Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Aleid Kawthar Mohammed , Alamer Noof Khalid , Alrashed Fatimah Abdullah , Shaker Mawaddah Mutasem , Alshehri Nada Mohammed , Alotaibi Abdulmajeed A. , Aldammas Lama Ahmed , Alkadi Ghadah , Alzahrani Hayat , Alsaegh Shouq Yousef , Alkhars Ola 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The study begins with a general overview of congenital heart defect (CHD), highlighting its status as a major congenital anomaly and a leading cause of infant mortality, particularly in developing countries. It narrows down to the specific context of Saudi Arabian children, where data on CHD are notably lacking. The introduction merges this background with the objectives of investigating the prevalence, risk factors and potential causes of CHDs in this population, positioning the research within existing literature and articulating its significance.

Methods:
The research utilised a cross-sectional design conducted across various provinces in Saudi Arabia, targeting parents of children aged 0–18 years diagnosed with CHDs. Key procedures included the use of a comprehensive questionnaire developed in collaboration with paediatric cardiologists and epidemiologists, focusing on demographic information, medical history and maternal health during pregnancy. The study emphasises the significance of echocardiography and other medical imaging techniques for diagnosis, ensuring clarity in the research approach.

Results:
The study found a high prevalence of CHDs amongst Saudi Arabian children, with the most common types being patent ducts arteriosus and ventricular septal defect. A significant portion of parents reported seeking medical treatment for their child’s CHD, with surgical intervention being the predominant mode of treatment. However, there were no statistically significant associations between the presence of specific CHD subtypes and maternal health conditions.

Conclusion:
The study concludes that specific maternal health conditions, including chronic health conditions, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders and surgical procedures, were not significantly associated with the presence of CHD subtypes in Saudi Arabian children. This finding emphasises the complexity of CHD aetiology and underscores the need for continued research to uncover the multifaceted factors contributing to these congenital heart defects. The study contributes to a better understanding of CHDs in Saudi Arabian children and provides a foundation for future investigations aimed at enhancing prevention and management strategies for this significant public health concern.
Assessment of Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Status in Geriatric Cardiovascular Patients: A Comprehensive Cross-sectional Investigation
Authors: Aleid Ahmed Fadeil , Alali Abdulaziz Ali , Alzaydani Ahmed Ibrahim , Mohammad Yasir J. , Asiri Ahmed Abdullah , Majrashy Alya Ebrahim Hady , Al Mohaini Mohammad 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The ageing process is intricately linked to evolving dietary habits and an augmented risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Population of geriatric age group is known to be at a higher risk of malnutrition due to physiological changes as well as usage of medicines and sociocultural profile. This vulnerability escalates when CVD is into the picture. It is, therefore, crucial to understand the dietary patterns and nutritional status of this group of people as it forms the basis in intervention.

Methods:
Participants were selected from healthcare facilities, geriatric patients and patients aged 65 years and above with CVDs. Food consumption was measured using food frequency questionnaires, whereas the nutritional status of the population was determined using anthropometric and biochemical indices. The data collected were statistically analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 27.0 by Chi-square, correlation and regression analysis at P < 0.05. These analytical procedures provided a direction to identifying dietary patterns, nutritional status and their impact on cardiovascular risk among this particular population.

Results:
In our cross-sectional study done on geriatric patients with CVDs, certain dietary patterns were identified. As demonstrated, 73.9% of patients who had healthy diets were with favourable CVD status as compared to 54.3% of those with unhealthy diets, who had poor CVD status (P < 0.001). In addition, a majority of respondents claimed that they rarely had fruits and vegetables (73.3%) and seldom read food labels (37.7%). Further, the majority of participants (85.5%) who reported having heart disease or heart attacks claimed they had no prior history of these conditions. Of the remaining participants, 5.3% reported having heart disease that is currently being controlled, and 7.4% had a history of heart disease but are now in control.

Conclusion:
These findings of high significant and strong positive relationship between dietary patterns and cardiovascular status demonstrate the need for effective diet education and intervention programmes to encourage the selection of better diets from this group of vulnerable population. Ideas like these have the possibility of adding to the general health and worth of its individuals.
Ixekizumab for the Treatment of Moderate-to-Severe Plaque Psoriasis: A Review
Authors: Godse Kiran , Patil Anant , Godse Gauri 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Psoriasis vulgaris, a chronic immune-mediated disease plaque psoriasis, is the most common type of presentation. The severity of the disease can range from mild to moderate and moderate to severe condition. Topical formulations, phototherapy, oral therapy, and biologics are available for the treatment of psoriasis. Ixekizumab, a humanized monoclonal IgG4-κ antibody is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2016 for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. This review article provides an update on the efficacy and safety of ixekizumab.
Effect of High-glucose Incubation on the Antioxidant System in Rat Gastrointestinal Tract Wall Tissue
Authors: Matalqah Batool Abd-Alrahman , Al-Shboul Othman Abd-Allah , Al-Dwairi Ahmed Nayef , Al-U’datt Doa’a Ghazi , Al-Khasawneh Duha Ghassan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Hyperglycemic metabolic disorders such as diabetes can impair gastrointestinal (GI) physiological functions leading to multiple digestive manifestations. Oxidative stress which is an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production and antioxidants is contributed to GI complications that occur during hyperglycemia.

Aim:
To investigate the effect of high-glucose concentration on the antioxidant enzymes in the GI tract.

Methods:
Small intestine and colon tissues extracted from rats were incubated in a high-glucose medium for 3 hours. Following tissue homogenization, antioxidant enzyme activity and expression were evaluated.

Results:
Catalase (CAT) activity was increased in the small intestine (1742 ± 113.1–2265 ± 242.4 [mU/mL]) and decreased in the colon (3791 ± 516.2–1532 ± 292.9). Total antioxidant capacity was decreased in the small intestine (10.1 ± 1.83–9.048 ± 0.441 [nmole/μl]) and increased in the colon (8.114 ± 0.9–11.01 ± 0.99). Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of antioxidant enzymes in the small intestine was increased (CAT: 0.03941 ± 0.0041–0.1917 ± 0.0165, glutathione peroxidase 1 [GPx1]: 1.156 ± 0.0855–16.24 ± 1.618, glutathione reductase [GR]: 0.0413 ± 0.0014-0.1549 ± 0.0145, superoxide dismutase 1 [SOD1]: 1.03 ± 0.1095–8.52 ± 0.471, SOD2: 0.00106 ± 3.559e-005–0.0028 ± 0.00052, SOD3: 0.0352 ± 0.0044–0.0493 ± 0.0223). mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes in the colon was decreased (CAT: 0.02148 ± 0.0032–0.01057 ± 0.0014, GPx1: 0.48 ± 0.146–0.1090 ± 0.0209, GPx4: 0.2391 ± 0.063–0.01671 ± 0.0019, GR: 0.0393 ± 0.0031–0.0093 ± 0.0014, SOD1: 0.389 ± 0.1159–0.088 ± 0.0251, SOD2: 0.000934 ± 0.00020–0.000233 ± 2.39023e-05, SOD3: 0.0114 ± 0.00107–0.0017 ± 0.000176).

Conclusion:
Most of the results indicate a state of oxidative stress in the GI tract mediated by the exposure to high glucose level. Diabetic GI complications could be reversed using specific modalities that act to increase the antioxidant capacity.
Therapeutic Use of Psychedelics for Mental Disorders: A Systematized Review
Authors: Alyahya Norah M. , Al Saleem Eithar A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this review, studies focusing on the therapeutic use of psychedelics for treating mental health disorders published since 2010 have been examined. A systematic literature search was conducted using Medline and EBSCO. After extracting data from 19 papers, an analysis was performed. Critical evidence highlighting the effectiveness of psychedelic drugs in treating depression, anxiety, obsessive–compulsive disorder, drug addiction, and mental problems associated with terminal disease has been identified in the analyzed research. Guidelines for the safe administration of psychedelic therapy have been employed in all relevant primary studies. Nonetheless, mania and psychosis have been found to be linked to unfavorable outcomes. Although there has been a resurgence of research on the safety and effectiveness of psychedelics for a variety of mental health issues, the positive findings of this review reinforce the need for more comprehensive studies to better understand how psychedelics affect clients with mental illnesses. More studies are also required to examine the effectiveness of psychedelics in treating some mental illnesses, such as eating disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and personality disorders.