bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Latent Transition Analysis Model to Assess Change in Cognitive States over Three Occasions: Results from the Rush Memory and Aging Project
Authors: Zammit Andrea R. , Bennett David A. , Hall Charles B. , Lipton Richard B. , Katz Mindy J. , Muniz-Terrera Graciela 
Published: December 2019

Background: Conceptualizing cognitive aging as a step-sequential process is useful in identifying particular stages of cognitive function and impairment. Objective: We applied latent transition analysis (LTA) to determine 1) whether the underlying structure of cognitive profiles found at every measurement occasion are uniform across three waves of assessment, 2) whether class-instability is predictive of distal outcomes, and 3) whether class-reversions from impaired to non-impaired using latent modelling is lower than when using clinical criteria of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A mover-stayer LTA model with dementia as a distal outcome was specified to model transitions of ten neuropsychological measures over three annual waves in the Rush Memory and Aging Project ( n = 1,661). The predictive validity of the mover-stayer status for incident Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was then assessed. Results: We identified a five-class model across the three time-points: Mixed-Domain Impairment, Memory-Specific Impairment, Frontal Impairment, Average, and Superior Cognition. None of the individuals in the Impairment classes reverted to the Average or Superior classes. Conventional MCI classification identified 26.4% and 14.1% at Times 1 and 2 as false-positive cases. “Movers” had 87% increased risk of developing dementia compared to those classified as “Stayers”. Conclusion: Our findings support the use of latent variable modelling that incorporates comprehensive neuropsychological assessment to identify and classify cognitive impairment.
Group stereotypes and symbols of overcoming difficult social situations in the image of small groups
Authors: Pletka Olha 
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Sometimes a person meets with complex social situations. How a person lives these situations down? What is the experience that supports and drives a person to recovery? How does the group help for a person in this? These questions now arise for each of us, because there is no person in the world who would have had the experience of living in complex social situations
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to describe the results of the study of group stereotypes and the symbolism of complex social situations in small groups of different directions.
Methodology. The sample of empirical research is 132 individuals - 16 groups of different directions: therapeutic (2), educational (7) and crisis (5) (real groups that were in situations of conflict and crisis) and self-help groups (2). Self-help groups are a group of families of demobilized soldiers (heterogeneous) and a group of veterans.
The empirical study was conducted in 2 stages. In the first stage, the questionnaire “I am in the group” was prepared and tested. It consists of 21 questions and demographic data of the respondents (age, gender). In the second stage of the empirical study, the seminar “Difficult Social Situations: Experiences of Living and Overcoming” was conducted in the study groups, followed by a survey of respondents. The duration of the seminar is 3-4 hours, depending on the needs of the group
Results. The article presents the results of an empirical study of group stereotypes and symbols in the image of small groups in complex social situations. The research identified stereotypical perceptions of the group and overcoming difficult social situations, outlined by the author as external and intra-group stereotypes. External group stereotypes include the destructive, relatively destructive, conditionally constructive and constructive groups of stereotypes described by the respondents. The groups of stereotypes pertaining to external groups are described in detail: relatively destructive (Uniqueness, Closeness and Complexity) and conditionally constructive (Causality and Willingness). Intra-group stereotypes are indicated too. Also, the article highlights a number of group symbols and group processes highlighted by the respondents, describes the analysis of the results of the “Symbolization of experience” methodology. Typization of symbolization of complex social situations and ways of overcoming them is presented. The symbols of this process are determined by the respondents by those symbols that demonstrate the dynamics (or transformation) of the character itself, the dynamics of the plot development, and the abstract ones, which have internal, not obvious, outside logic. Examples of these characters are described.
Conclusion. The analysis of the results of the study showed that group stereotypes play a key role in predicting strategies for overcoming difficult social situations, and symbolizing this process helps to find support and help, both within and outside the group
Analysis of Methodological Approaches and Principles of Risk Assessment Based on the Formation of Integral Risk Index Ratings
Authors: Arkad'eva O. G. , Berezina N. V. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives. The object of the research is the process of assessing the social development risks, which involves ranking the objects according to their degree of exposure to risk factors. As the subject of the study we designate the main weaknesses of the risk assessment methodology using risk index ratings in various fields based on a research of Russian and foreign scientific and practical experience. The purpose of the study is the formation of a set of theoretical principles that form the ground for improving the risk assessment methodology based on the construction of integrated risk index ratings.Methods. The main research method was a comparative analysis of the research results of foreign and Russian scientists on risk assessment in general and the formation of integrated risk indices in particular.Results. As a result of the study, the most significant weaknesses inherent in the risk assessment methodology were identified, and the failings of the use of risk index ratings for risk assessment from different angles were specified. Some identified failings are illustrated by the example of the UN World Risk Index calculation methodology. Recommendations to eliminate identified failings are formed, ordered in a logical sequence.Conclusions. As a result of the study it was established that the formulation of goals and objectives of assessing the social development risks substantially determines the assessment methodology and affects its results. In the case when the use of integrated risk index ratings meets the goals and objectives of the assessment, the subject of the assessment should take into account a number of fundamental methodological provisions that can significantly affect the assessment results, their objectivity and the adequacy to the problem being solved.The authors declare no conflict of interest
Sikap Generasi Muda Batak dalam Upaya Pemertahanan Bahasa Batak: Kajian Sosiolinguistik
Authors: Warisman Sinaga  
Published: December 2019

Masyarakat Batak Toba telah terbiasa menggunakan bahasa Indonesia, apalagi yang hidup di perkotaan. Pada umumnya mereka mampu berbahasa Indonesia karena bilingual, yakni mampu menggunakan dua bahasa. Bahkan intensitas pemakaian bahasa Indonesia lebih tinggi dibanding bahasa Batak. Hal ini akan menimbulkan masalah dalam pemertahanan bahasa. Sikap generasi muda sangat menentukan akan keberlangsungan bahasa daerah ini. Bahasa daerah akan punah apabila penutur bahasa daerah itu habis. Agar tidak terjadi kepunahan bahasa daerah, maka diharapkan bahasa tersebut senantiasa digunakan mulai dari lingkungan keluarga, tempat tinggal, dan lingkungan bekerja. Teori yang digunakan untuk menguraikan masalah ini adalah teori sosiolinguistik, dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Berdasarkan pembahasan diketahui bahwa generasi muda Batak merasa bangga mampu menggunakan bahasa Batak (97,5%). Generasi muda Batak juga menyadari bahwa penguasaan bahasa Batak sangatlah penting (95%). Kurangnya kemampuan generasi muda berbahasa Batak disebabkan orang tuanya mengajari mereka di rumah cenderung dengan menggunakan bahasa Indonesia (50%).

The Toba Batak people are accustomed to using Indonesian, especially those living in urban areas. In general, they are able to speak Indonesian because they are bilingual, which is able to use two languages. Even the intensity of the use of Indonesian is higher than the Batak language. This will cause problems in language maintenance. The attitude of the young generation is crucial for the sustainability of this regional language. Regional languages ​​will become extinct if the speakers of the regional languages ​​are exhausted. In order to avoid the extinction of regional languages, it is expected that the language will always be used starting from the family environment, residence, and work environment. The theory used to describe this problem is the sociolinguistic theory, using quantitative descriptive analysis methods. Based on the discussion it is known that the younger generation of Bataks feel proud to be able to use Batak language (97.5%). The younger generation of Bataks also realize that mastery of the Batak language is very important (95%). The lack of ability of the younger generation in the Batak language is due to their parents teaching them at home and tends to use Indonesian (50%).
KEPASTIAN HUKUM MENYANGKUT OBJEK HAK TANGGUNGAN BELUM TERDAFTAR YANG DIJADIKAN JAMINAN
Authors: Tria Agustia  , Yulia Mirawati  , Busyra Azheri  
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini dilakukan di daerah Kabupaten Tulang Bawang Provinsi Lampung, dimana ditemukan masih sangat banyak masyarakat yang hanya memiliki Surat Keterangan Tanah (SKT) atau Surat Pernyataan Pemilikan dan Penguasaan Fisik Bidang Tanah (Sporadik) sebagai bukti kepemilikan tanah dan mereka ingin mendapatkan fasilitas kredit dengan menjaminkan Surat Keterangan Tanah (SKT) atau Surat Pernyataan Pemilikan dan Penguasaan Fisik Bidang Tanah (Sporadik) tersebut. Pokok permasalahan yang dikaji adalah bagaimana kepastian hukum dalam pembebanan hak tanggungan objek yang belum terdaftar yang dijadikan jaminan. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian empiris. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kepastian hukum mengenai objek yang belum terdaftar yang dijadikan jaminan disini yaitu objek yang belum terdaftar tersebut dapat diikat dengan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT), hal ini diatur dalam Pasal 3 Peraturan Menteri Negara Agraria/Kepala BPN Nomor 22 Tahun 2017 Tentang Penetapan Batas Waktu Penggunaan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan Untuk Menjamin Pelunasan Kredit Tertentu dan nantinya harus dilanjutkan dengan pemasangan Akta Pemberian Hak Tanggungan (APHT) setelah pendaftaran objek tersebut selesai
Estrategias de adaptación y mitigación al cambio climático de las Unidades Tecnológicas de Santander
Authors: Amaya Corredor Carlos Alberto , Contreras Carolina Hernández , Pedroza Rosas Nathaly , Cáceres Quintero Ruby Stefany 
Published: December 2019

Las instituciones educativas como espacios de formación integral tienen en su misión, articular la creación y aplicación de soluciones medioambientales para aportar positivamente al control de la contaminación ambiental y la mitigación del cambio climático. Vinculación de conceptos como desarrollo sostenible, variabilidad climática, utilización de energías limpias son introducidos dentro de los programas académicos y facultades de las diferentes universidades, además de planes de gestión integral y estrategias medioambientales, son estrategias territoriales para aportar significativamente a los acuerdos establecidos en las cumbres internacionales del medio ambiente.
Las UTS como referente regional de calidad, bienestar y desarrollo, tiene una especial posición social para incentivar en las comunidades prácticas y procesos que ayuden a atenuar el efecto de calentamiento global. Para hacer más efectiva esta referencia, la institución debe desde su propia dinámica de vida institucional, evidenciar trasformaciones que apunten a minimizar los daños nacientes, y desde ese ejemplo, servir de multiplicador de información y acciones, para que la comunidad de influencia UTS, popularice prácticas que ayuden a controlar la dinámica actual de cambio climático.
La propuesta de programas institucionales de mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático en las Unidades Tecnológicas de Santander se desarrolló por medio de ejes temáticos que hacen referencia a los aspectos generales que se buscan impulsar con la implementación del plan. Se propone a las UTS, la implementación de cinco programas, y con cada uno de ellos acciones y metas a alcanzar, que evidencien a futuro, una respuesta proactiva institucionalmente por los procesos de mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático en la ciudad, región y país.
Field study on weeds incidence in rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.).
Authors: Akhter MT , Kundu PB , Paul NK 
Published: December 2019

A survey was conducted to highlight the weed flora infesting rapeseed in the experimental field of Rajshahi University. Frequency (F), density (D), abundance (A), relative frequency (RF), relative density (RD), relative abundance (RA) and importance value index (IVI %) of weeds were calculated in rapeseed field. The objective of the study was to study the weeds and their quantitative characters. Weed infestation was studied in three rapeseed varieties (BARI Sharisha 14, BINA Sharisha 5 and 6). The weed population was studied using quadrat. The species which had 100% frequency values were Cyperus rotundus, Cynodon dactylon, Ammania baccifera, Echinochloa crusgalli and Leucas lavendulifolia. Other species had 50% or less than 50% frequency values. The highest frequency, density, abundance and importance value index were exhibited by Cyperus rotundus.
J. bio-sci. 26: 01-06, 2018
Effect of some environmental conditions on the growth of rhizobium species
Authors: Ekundayo FO , Ekundayo EA , Aladesuru L , Salami AA 
Published: December 2019

Rhizobium species are involved in symbiotic relationship which can be exploited in agriculture to enhance crop and pasture growth without the addition of nitrogen fertilizers. However, a number of environmental factors are known to affect the symbiotic efficiency of Rhizobium. This current study evaluated tolerance of Rhizobium species isolated from root nodules of cowpea obtained from Akure, Nigeria to variation in temperature, pH levels, salt concentrations, heavy metals as well as antibiotics. Three Rhizobium species were isolated from root nodules of Vignaunguiculata and Phaseolus vulgaris after 34 days of planting yeast extract mannitol agar (YEMA). Their tolerance to environmental factors such as temperature, pH, sodium chloride, heavy metals as well as antibiotics was determined. All the isolates grew very well at 28oC, moderately at 37oC but their growth was hampered at 50o C. Maximal growth was observed at neutral pH. However, Sinorhizobium sp showed high tolerance to pH 7.0. Also, the isolates showed high tolerance to low concentration of sodium chloride (0.1%) and heavy metals with reduction in their optical density at higher concentrations. Rhizobium sp showed high level of tolerance at 4% compared to Mesorhizobium sp. and Sinorhizobium sp. Rhizobium spp. showed resistance to all the antibiotics investigated while Mesorhizobium sp. was sensitive to only to pefloxacin and sparfloxacin, while Sinorhizobium sp. was only sensitive to pefloxacin. The isolates in this study can be assessed for their suitability as inoculants forcowpea in soils below temperature 50oC and at neutral pH.
J. bio-sci. 26: 15-24, 2018
Dietary diversity score and socio-economic factors of stunting among pre-school children in Rajshahi city, Bangladesh
Authors: Yeasmin K , Bari L , Islam KMS , Yeasmin T 
Published: December 2019

In the developing countries, stunting has been the most tenacious public health problem and is the major cause of child mortality and global disease burden, where 80% of this burden is found in developing countries and would result in 22% loss of adult income. The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence and determinant factors associated with stunting among pre-school children in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. A multi-stage cross sectional study was performed during the period March 2017 to September 2017. One thousand and nine (1009) pre-school children (36≤ Age ≤71 months) were considered as our study population. Data were collected by using a pretested and semi-structured questionnaire, which consisted of socio-economic characteristics, dietary and feeding pattern related information. Stunting of a child was determined using the WHO Multicenter Growth Reference Standard. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regressions were carried out to identify determinants of stunting. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval was calculated to assess the strength of the association, and p-value of <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Boys (52%) with mean age 53.56 ± 10.405 months and girls (48%) with mean age 51.67 ± 10.934 months were participated. The prevalence of stunting among the preschool children in Rajshahi City was 39.7% (5.4% severe, 24.9% moderate and 9.4% mild stunted). The odds of being stunted were illiterate mother, lower food purchasing capabilities, poor dietary diversity score (95% CI: 1.640-3.052; p<0.001), experiencing pre-lacteal (95% CI: 1.616-2.789; p <0.001), prevalence of disease frequency (95% CI: 1.62-3.56; p<0.01), poor socio-economic class (95% CI: 2.83- 9.51; p<0.01).
J. bio-sci. 26: 31-40, 2018
ISO 26000 Standardı Kapsamında Türk Dünyası Ülkeleri Konaklama Endüstrisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: DİNÇER Mithat Zeki , BAYRAM Ali Turan , ERKOL BAYRAM Gül 
Published: December 2019

Günümüzde küreselleşmenin de etkisiyle işletmeler mevcut durumunu
koruyabilmek ve rakiplerine nazaran üstün bir pazar payına sahip olmak adına
farklı stratejiler denemekte ve her an bir yenilik ile hacmini genişleten
pazara uyum sağlamaya çalışmaktadır. Son dönemlerde pek çok turizm işletmesi
için önemli olan sosyal sorumluluk kavramı; turizm endüstrisi açısından
değerlendirildiğinde, hizmet veren kuruluşların sürdürülebilir gelişimine katkı
sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. İşletmelerin
sosyal sorumluluk uygulamalarını geliştirmesi yolunda önemli adımlardan biri de
rehber nitelikteki projelerdir. Bu rehberlerden biri olarak kabul edilen ve 2010
yılında Uluslararası Standartlar Organizasyonu (ISO) tarafından belirlenen ISO
26000: Sosyal Sorumluluk Yönetim Sistemi sosyal sorumluluk terimleri ve
uygulamalar üzerine mutabakat sağlanmış ilk resmi belge niteliğindedir. Bu belge özel sektör ve kamu kurumlarının
sosyal sorumluluk davranışı açısından gelişimini ölçerek, müşterilerini,
elemanlarını, yatırımcılarını, iş ortaklarını, hükümetini ve ülkesini, üzerinde
yaşadığı toprakları önemsemesine, onların refahını düşünmesine yardımcı
olmaktadır.

Türk Dünyası ülkelerinin turizm pazarından hak
ettiği payı alması ve ziyaretçi sayısını arttırması ve ulaştığı hedeflerin
ötesine geçebilmesi için ISO 26000 Sosyal Sorumluluk rehberini dikkatlice
okuması ve ivedilikle uygulamaya geçirmesi gerekmektedir. Bu sebeple bu araştırmanın amacı; ISO26000
kavramının Türk Dünyası ülkeleri turizm endüstrisindeki mevcut durumunu
incelemek ve yapılması gerekenlere dair öneriler sunmaktır. Türk Dünyası
ülkelerinin turizm sektöründe hizmet veren kuruluşların ISO 26000 Sosyal
Sorumluluk Sistemini benimsemesiyle rekabet avantajı elde edeceği, kurumsal
imajının ve turist profilinin güçleneceği ve daimi turist sayısında gözle görülür
bir artış sağlanacağı, çalışanların motivasyonlarının, verimliliklerinin ve
bağlılıklarının artacağı, yatırımcı, sponsorlar ve pay sahiplerinin işletmeye
olan bakış açısında fark edilir pozitif değişim sağlanacağı, rakipleri, kamu
kurumları ve medya ile iletişiminde olumlu bir gelişim sağlanacağı
öngörülmektedir. Araştırma kapsamında Türk Dünyası ülkelerinde faaliyet
gösteren turizm işletmelerinin ISO26000 sosyal sorumluluk rehberi standardını
kullanımı web içerik analizi yardımıyla incelenmiş ve sonuçlara istinaden bazı
öneriler sunulmuştur.
Defensa indefensa, o apariencia de defensa:
Authors: Ugarte José Manuel 
Published: December 2019

En un mundo riesgoso, la política de defensa argentina representa una verdadera incógnita. Mientras posee una estructura moderna y está respaldada por una normativa adecuada, sus medios materiales tienen una antigüedad de tres y cuatro décadas o más, y en muchos casos, obsolescencia. Un limitado presupuesto es invertido casi totalmente en personal, presentando un excesivo número de oficiales en grados superiores que incrementa su costo, y estructuras burocráticas creadas para justificarlos. Tales factores determinan la insuficiencia de los fondos destinados a adiestramiento del personal y a mantenimiento del material, todo lo que determina una ausencia casi total de capacidad operativa. Las escasas adquisiciones significativas para la defensa han sido de elementos muy poco relevantes para aquélla. Mientras tanto, el casi idílico ambiente de paz y cooperación imperante en América del Sur por espacio de casi tres décadas construido con significativa participación de las políticas exteriores y de defensa argentina se deteriora rápidamente, paradójicamente por acción de las actuales políticas argentinas en la materia. El artículo analiza en profundidad la situación y efectúa propuestas para superarla.
estrategia de inserción argentina en un mundo cambiante
Authors: Simonoff Alejandro 
Published: December 2019

El artículo busca comprender la estrategia de inserción argentina, para poder vislumbrarla necesitamos: primero analizar cuál es el contexto internacional en el que estamos inmersos -marcado por una disputa entre diversos polos de poder-, y, en segundo lugar, cómo la administración macrista ha diseñado una que encuentra serias dificultades para relacionarse con dicho contexto.
ВИМОГИ ЩОДО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЕКОЛОГІЧНИХ ФАКТОРІВ ПРИ ВПРОВА-ДЖЕННІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ФОТОЕНЕРГЕТИКИ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Rieztsov V. , Surzhyk T. , Pundiev V. , Shevchuk V. , Kyrnas L. , Sheiko I. 
Published: December 2019

В статті подано детальний поетапний аналіз всього циклу створення та функціонування фотоелектричних станцій в Україні з прив’язкою його до вимог щодо дотримання та забезпечення екології та охорони навколишнього природного середовища. Проаналізовано всі основні етапи, починаючи з того, на яких землях можна розміщувати фотоелектричні станції, яке обладнання необхідно переважно використовувати, як доцільно експлуатувати ці станції та закінчуючи виведенням їх з експлуатації та утилізацією складових частин станцій і рекультивацією території. Тут також досконально опрацьовано нормативно-правову та рекомендаційну документацію, що є та діє в Україні за екологічною та природоохоронною направленістю. При цьому враховано також і прогнозування екологічних ризиків, проведення державного моніторингу навколишнього природного середовища, врахування віддалених екологічних наслідків, щоб вплив діяльності людини на довкілля, технологічне навантаження на природне середовище були мінімальними. На основі проведеного аналізу нормативно-правової та рекомендаційної документації з екологічної та природоохоронної проблематики та її дотримання з прив’язкою до фотоелектричних станцій, що є обов’язковим за умови проектування, будівництва та експлуатації ФЕС, розроблено методичні рекомендації «Комплексні заходи та рекомендації зі зменшення впливу фотоелектричних станцій на довкілля». Бібл. 4, табл. 1.