bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stakeholder involvement in the development of trial material for a clinical trial
Authors: Rix Jacqueline , Branney Jonathan , Breen Alexander C. , Sewell Philip , Docherty Sharon 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundStakeholder involvement includes not just patients and public, but also those delivering treatment for example clinicians and students. Each stakeholder brings unique experiences to the process. The aim of this stakeholder exercise was to explore readability and understanding of the trial material for the future trial to be conducted by the authors: Biomechanical Effects of Manual Therapy—A Feasibility Study.DesignVolunteers from identified stakeholder groups were provided with trial material which included the information sheet, consent form, questionnaires and home management booklet. They provided feedback on content (readability, understanding) and style (font, layout). An additional document was provided with genres of pictures to choose the most appropriate style to be used in the booklet.Readability formulas were used to calculate reading age before and after feedback to objectively measure ease of reading.ResultsThe public group provided a layperson's perspective to clarify the information sheet for patients, whereas practitioner and intern groups indicated where information could be clarified. The reading age of all documentation decreased following feedback; however, templated sections of the documentation did not. The majority (87%) of volunteers chose coloured classic cartoons for the booklet.ConclusionThis process highlighted the importance of involving different stakeholder groups in the development of research materials as each group made a unique contribution. Readability and understanding of the trial material were improved, feeding back into the consent process contributing towards fully informed consent.Patient or Public ContributionPublic helped develop materials for a future trial but not with manuscript preparation.
Identification of EWSR1–NFATC2 fusion in simple bone cysts
Authors: Hung Yin P , Fisch Adam S , Diaz‐Perez Julio A , Iafrate A John , Lennerz Jochen K , Nardi Valentina , Bredella Miriam A , Raskin Kevin A , Lozano‐Calderon Santiago A , Rosenberg Andrew E , Nielsen G Petur 
Published: December 2020

AimsSimple bone cysts are benign intramedullary tumours primarily involving the long bones in skeletally immature individuals. Several mechanisms have been proposed for their pathogenesis. Although the diagnosis is typically straightforward, the interpretation can be problematic, because of superimposed fracture causing them to resemble aneurysmal bone cysts and other tumours. EWSR1–NFATC2 or FUS–NFATC2 fusions, which are characteristic of a subset of aggressive round cell sarcomas, have been recently detected in simple bone cysts. The aim of this study was to examine the clinicopathological and molecular features in a series of simple bone cysts.Methods and resultsUsing RNA‐based next‐generation sequencing and/or fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation, we investigated the presence of EWSR1 or FUS rearrangements in nine simple bone cysts. The patients were five females and four males, aged 3–23 years (median, 14 years); the tumours ranged from 19 mm to 160 mm (median, 46 mm) in size, and involved the femur (n = 3), humerus (n = 2), fibula (n = 2), tibia (n = 1), and iliac wing (n =1). We identified three cases with EWSR1–NFATC2 fusion (showing identical breakpoints to those in EWSR1–NFATC2 sarcomas) and one additional case with FUS rearrangement. Unlike in EWSR1–NFATC2 sarcomas, immunohistochemical expression of NKX3.1 and NKX2.2 was absent in two simple bone cysts tested.ConclusionsMore than 40% of simple bone cysts harbour genetic alterations confirming that they are neoplastic, investigation of EWSR1 and/or FUS rearrangement may help to distinguish simple bone cysts from mimics, and NFATC2 rearrangement is not pathognomonic of malignancy.
Influence of wheat flour substitution with potato pulp on dough rheology, microstructure and noodle quality
Authors: Pu Huayin , Yue Miao , Guo Simin , Li Yanjun , Yang Yifei , Kuang Jiwei , Huang Junrong 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe effects of potato pulp (0–40%) on dough rheology and microstructures, as well as noodle quality, were investigated in this study. Substitution of wheat flour with potato pulp led to a decrease in β‐sheet content, an increase in α‐helix and unordered content for protein in dough, as well as a drop of the storage and loss modulus, which was mainly caused by the weakening of dough gluten strength. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the gluten–starch network could no longer to be observed for the formulated dough containing 30–40% potato pulp. Structural damage of dough induced the increases in optimal cooking time, cooking loss and adhesiveness, and a decrease in cohesiveness of cooked noodles. However, the samples with 20% potato pulp addition showed higher values in water absorption, hardness, springiness and chewiness, indicating that noodles with potato pulp content below 20% were acceptable.
A comparative study on the physio‐chemical properties, antioxidant and immuno‐stimulating activities of two national geographical indication products of Tremella fuciformis in China
Authors: Huang Shishi , Zou Yuan , Ye Zhiwei , Chen Jieming , Luo Jinhai , Lan Yaqi , Guo Liqiong , Lin Junfang , Zheng Qianwang 
Published: December 2020

SummaryTremella fuciformis from Gutian in Fujian Province (TF‐GT) and Tongjiang in Sichuan Province (TF‐TJ) in China are two geographical indication (GI) products that are mainly differentiated and characterised by their cultivation methods. To better understand the qualities of the GI products of T. fuciformis, a comparative study was conducted on the physio‐chemical properties, antioxidant and immuno‐stimulating activities of TF‐GT and TF‐TJ. The results showed that TF‐GT has a higher content of ash, polysaccharides and protein, but lower essential amino acid/total amino acid compared with TF‐TJ. The rehydration ratio and the desirable viscous characteristics varied in a species‐dependent manner. The water extract (component, 70.79% polysaccharides) from TF‐GT showed higher immuno‐stimulating activity. TF‐GT and TF‐TJ can be separated via cluster analysis, suggesting that the above‐mentioned parameters are essential to characterise the qualities of GI products of T. fuciformis. Understanding these different properties are vital to product processing and dietary guideline formulation.
Sensory profile and consumer perception of meat products enriched with EPA and DHA using fish oil microcapsules
Authors: Solomando Juan Carlos , Antequera Teresa , Ventanas Sonia , Perez‐Palacios Trinidad 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThe sensory properties of cooked and dry‐cured sausages enriched with monolayered and multilayered fish oil microcapsules, as EPA and DHA vehicles, were investigated, by using quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA), temporal dominance of sensations (TDS) and hedonic and purchase intent tests. The enrichment effect was slight, mainly influencing flavour attributes, which led to lower scores in the QDA and lower dominance rate in TDS. The effect on acceptability and purchase intent depends on the meat product, being more noticeable in cooked sausages. It is worth noting the impact of the label information that increased the scores of hedonic and purchase intent tests. All these results may point out the use of fish oil microcapsules, the adjustment of the content of salt and flavour additives and the inclusion of accurate label information to enrich meat products. The importance of combining different sensory techniques to achieve a complete sensory evaluation of meat products has also been highlighted in the present study.
Nomogram predicting 30‐day mortality after nephrectomy in the contemporary era: Results from the SEER database
Authors: Falagario Ugo Giovanni , Veccia Alessandro , Cormio Luigi , Simeone Claudio , Carbonara Umberto , Crocerossa Fabio , Antonelli Alessandro , Porpiglia Francesco , Carrieri Giuseppe , Autorino Riccardo 
Published: December 2020

ObjectivesTo assess contemporary 30‐day mortality rates after partial and radical nephrectomy in USA, and to develop a predictive model of 30‐day mortality.MethodsWe relied on the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was fitted to predict 30‐day mortality. A nomogram was built based on the coefficients of the logit function. Internal validation was carried out using the leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. Calibration was graphically investigated.ResultsA total of 102 146 patients who underwent partial nephrectomy (n = 36 425; 35.7%) or radical nephrectomy (n = 65 721; 64.3%) between 2005 and 2015 were included in the analysis. The median age at diagnosis was 62 years. A total of 11 921 (11.7%) patients were African American. The clinical stage was T1–T2 in 79 452 (77.8%), T3 in 16 141 (15.8%) and T4/T1–4–M1 in 6553 (6.4%) patients. Overall, 497 deaths occurred during the initial 30 days after nephrectomy (0.49% 30‐day mortality rate). Stratified by type of surgery, the 30‐day mortality rate was 0.16% for partial nephrectomy and 0.67% for radical nephrectomy. At univariate analyses, age, tumor size, stage and surgical procedure emerged as predictors of 30‐day mortality (all P < 0.001). All of these covariates were included in the multivariable logistic regression model. The area under the curve after leave‐one‐out cross‐validation was 0.808 (95% confidence interval 0.788–0.828), and the model showed good calibration in the range of predicted probability <10%.ConclusionsContemporary rates of 30‐day mortality in patients undergoing radical or partial nephrectomy are very low. Age and tumor stage are key determinants of 30‐day mortality. We present a predictive model that provides individual probabilities of 30‐day mortality after nephrectomy, and it can be used for patient counseling prior surgery.
Institutional uncertainty and growth expectations of businesses: the case of Jordan
Authors: Sandri Serena , Alshyab Nooh 
Published: December 2020

AbstractUncertainty about the institutional environment plays a crucial role in business‐related decisions. Measuring institutional uncertainty, in light of its interplay with normative, regulatory, and cognitive aspects of institutions, is a complex issue. This study develops a multidimensional index to measure the perception of institutional uncertainty by private sector decision‐makers and to assess its effects on the perspectives of business growth. The index captures uncertainty related to government and policies, law and law enforcement, judiciary, security of persons and property rights, political instability, and state–private sector relations. The developed indicator is then measured based on a survey run over a representative sample of 319 business owners, entrepreneurs, and top managers in Jordan. The results of binary logit regressions support the view that if institutions are perceived to be uncertain, this negatively influences the growth expectations of businesses. More specifically, it emerges that the uncertainty related to the judiciary, to political instability, as well as to clientelism and corruption significantly contributes to discouraging job creation. The results further point to the importance of social capital and networking for doing business.
Individual and organizational factors associated with evidence‐based practice among physical and occupational therapy recent graduates: A cross‐sectional national study
Authors: Thomas Aliki , Al Zoubi Fadi , Mayo Nancy E. , Ahmed Sara , Amari Fatima , Bussières André , Letts Lori , MacDermid Joy C. , Polatajko Helene J. , Rappolt Susan , Salbach Nancy M. , Valois Marie‐France , Rochette Annie 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundOccupational therapy (OT) and physical therapy (PT) programs in Canada have moved to graduate‐level entry education to address graduates' readiness for evidence‐based practice (EBP). Whether rehabilitation professionals with advanced training in EBP are meeting their responsibilities as evidence‐based professionals upon entry into practice and the factors that influence the use of evidence is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the individual and organizational factors associated with the use of EBP and supporting evidence‐based activities among graduates of professional OT and PT master's programs.MethodsA cross‐sectional design using a survey of recent graduates of the 29 OT and PT programs in Canada. The survey measured six constructs supportive of EBP (ie, knowledge, attitudes, confidence, organizational resources, actual use of EBP, and evidence‐based activities). Analyses consisted of descriptive statistics to characterize the sample and the different variables and ordinal multivariate regression analysis.Results257 graduates (15%) completed the survey. Attitudes towards EBP was positively associated both with evidence‐based activities (odds ratio = 1.36 with a 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.52) and use of EBP (odds ratio = 1.23 with a 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.36); greater confidence was related to greater use of EBP (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.24); and working in a private practice setting was found to be related to performing more evidence‐based activities (odds ratio = 3.15, 95% CI: 1.40 to 7.12).ConclusionsDespite a greater focus on EBP knowledge in these curricula across Canada, knowledge was not related to EBP use nor evidence‐based activities upon entry into practice. On the other hand, attitudes, confidence and working in private practice were. University programs should consider curricular strategies that increase the use of EBP, provide opportunities to engage in evidence‐based activities with an emphasis on promoting the development of positive attitudes towards EBP and increasing learners' confidence in their ability to be evidence‐based professionals.
Older Adults’ Engagement in Technology‐Mediated Self‐Monitoring of Diet: A Mixed‐Method Study
Authors: Aure Caroline Farsjø , Kluge Anders , Moen Anne 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPurposeThis feasibility study explored older adults’ use of a nutrition app called Appetitus (https://apps.apple.com/us/app/appetitt/id1001936854?ign‐mpt=uo%3D2; https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=no.nr.appetitt&hl=e) and addressed their engagement in technology‐mediated self‐monitoring of diet. Undernutrition is a significant challenge among older adults and is associated with poorer health experiences. Digital health for self‐monitoring of diet has the potential to increase awareness of personal nutrition, and the scarcity of research reporting older adults’ ability and willingness to engage in technology‐mediated dietary self‐monitoring warranted this study.Design and MethodsAn explorative mixed‐methods design combining descriptive analysis of log data with qualitative analysis of interviews with Appetitus users was implemented.FindingsTwenty‐five older adults self‐monitored their diet using Appetitus over an 8‐week trial period. Eighty percent of the participants used the app regularly in the trial period. The most engaged users recorded their food consumption daily for 8 weeks. Personal interest in nutrition and commitment to the project facilitated regular use of Appetitus. Poor health and the perception that using a nutrition app lacked personal relevance contributed to irregular self‐monitoring. For inexperienced technology users, participation in this project became a springboard to using tablet technology and the Internet beyond the Appetitus app.ConclusionsThe majority of the participants regularly used Appetitus for self‐monitoring of diet; they found the tablet technology and Appetitus app easy to use.Clinical RelevanceOlder adults are able and willing to use self‐monitoring tools. Nutrition apps can empower older adults to make better informed decisions about their diet. Patients’ self‐monitoring can provide valuable and detailed health‐related information to healthcare professionals and mediate patient‐centered care practices.
Escherichia coli‐associated granulomatous colitis in dogs treated according to antimicrobial susceptibility profiling
Authors: Manchester Alison C. , Dogan Belgin , Guo Yongli , Simpson Kenneth W. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundEradication of intramucosal Escherichia coli correlates with remission of periodic acid‐Schiff‐positive E coli‐associated granulomatous colitis (GC). Treatment failures attributed to multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria necessitate alternative approaches.Hypothesis/objectivesDetermine clinical outcome of E coli‐associated GC in dogs treated based on antimicrobial susceptibility profiling and characterize E coli phylogeny and resistance mechanisms.AnimalsTwenty Boxers and 4 French Bulldogs with E coli‐associated GC.MethodsCulture, antimicrobial susceptibility profiling, and molecular characterization of E coli were performed and response to treatment was evaluated.ResultsInitial biopsy sample culture yielded fluoroquinolone‐sensitive (FQ‐S) E coli from 9/24 dogs and fluoroquinolone‐resistant (FQ‐R) E coli from 15/24. All but 1 FQ‐R E coli were MDR with susceptibility to macrophage‐penetrating antimicrobials restricted to carbapenems in 13/15 dogs. Of 22/24 treated based on susceptibility profiling, 8/9 FQ‐S dogs had complete initial clinical response (CR) during fluoroquinolone (FQ) treatment, whereas 9/13 FQ‐R dogs had complete or partial response (PR) during meropenem or doxycycline treatment. In 5/9 FQ‐S and 12/13 FQ‐R dogs with follow‐up ≥3 months, CR was sustained in 5/5 FQ‐S (median, 25 months; range, 4‐46) whereas 6/12 FQ‐R had long‐term CR (median, 59 months; range 15‐102), 4/12 PR (median, 19 months; range, 5‐65), and 2/12 had no response (NR). Four dogs with long‐term follow‐up died within 4 years of diagnosis, including 2 euthanized for refractory colitis. Escherichia coli were genetically diverse. Fluoroquinolone resistance was associated with mutations in gyrA and parC, with plasmid‐mediated resistance less common.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAntimicrobial treatment guided by susceptibility profiling was associated with positive long‐term outcomes in >80% of cases. Fluoroquinolone‐resistance was widespread and not clonal. Further study is required to optimize treatment for dogs with MDR E coli‐associated GC.
Retrospective study of proliferative urethritis in dogs: Clinical presentation and outcome using various treatment modalities in 11 dogs
Authors: Emanuel Max , Berent Allyson C. , Weisse Chick , Donovan Taryn , Lamb Kenneth E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundProliferative urethritis (PU) is an uncommon inflammatory and infiltrative disease of the urethra in female dogs, often associated with urinary tract infection (UTI). It typically presents with evidence of urethral obstruction (UO).ObjectivesIdentify clinical features in dogs with PU and determine outcome after different treatment modalities.AnimalsEleven client‐owned dogs.MethodsMedical records of dogs with histopathologic diagnosis of PU from 2011 to 2020 were retrospectively evaluated, including information on clinical pathology, imaging, and histopathology. Outcomes of various treatment modalities were recorded and compared. Long‐term urethral patency (>6 months) was considered treatment success.ResultsAll dogs were female and presented with UO. Eight (73%) had a history of UTI. Ten of 11 survived to discharge and were used for long‐term data collection. Seven of 10 (70%) were treated using an effacement procedure (balloon dilatation [BD], stent, or both) and 6/7 (86%) achieved long‐term urethral patency (>6 months). Seven of 10 had UO recurrence after their first procedure, including 3/3 (100%) that did not have effacement and 4/7 that did (57%), at a median of 101 days and 687 days, respectively. After effacement, the duration of patency was longer for those treated using a stent than BD alone (median, 843 days and 452 days, respectively).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceProliferative urethritis is a recurrent disease often associated with UTI. The best outcome of long‐term urethral patency occurred after lesion effacement, either by BD or stenting. Future prospective studies should determine the impact of immunosuppressive treatment.
Evidence for shock provides insight into the formation of the central elevated area in the Dhala impact structure, India
Authors: Agarwal Amar , Kumar Satyendra , Joshi Gaurav , Agarwal K. K. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe central elevated area is a postimpact morphological landmark in the otherwise flat eroded remnant of the Dhala impact structure, India. Its base is the Bundelkhand granitic complex followed by beds of Dhala and Kaimur Formations. The beds of the Dhala and Kaimur Formation present typical sedimentary textures and structures such as cross‐bedding. The grains are angular, sorting is moderate to poor, and brittle–ductile deformation of the protolith is still preserved in some grains. This reveals a short distance of transport. Detailed microscopy and U‐stage measurements confirm planar deformational features (PDFs) oriented (0001) and {10–13} in few quartz grains. Based on these facts, it is suggested that the quartz with PDFs was shocked, ejected out of the crater, and deposited near the crater cavity. Reworking of the ejecta blanket redeposited these quartz grains to their present location. Relatively few shocked grains in the rocks favor a postimpact fluvial process over impact resurge.
On Revolutionary Waves and the Dynamics of Landslides
Authors: Ille Sebastian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis paper argues that revolutionary waves and social movements share similar dynamics to sand sliding down the edges of a pile. On this basis, the paper develops a theoretical model in which contention arises endogenously through discontent and social imitation as the social system self‐organizes into a state of criticality over time. Revolts and collective actions are thus understood as subsequent reorganizing cascades once the system has reached such a critical state. Although taken by themselves the properties and timings of these cascades are entirely chaotic, at the aggregate level the cascades’ properties follow regularities that are impervious to the individual characteristics of individuals but are affected by the intrinsic structure of social networks.
Pension reforms, the generational welfare contract and preferences for pro‐old welfare policies in Europe
Authors: Riekhoff Aart‐Jan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThis study investigates how various types of pension reforms affect the age‐related policy preferences of different cohorts and whether they reinforce or undermine the generational welfare contract. It uses detailed descriptions from OECD Pensions at a Glance reports to create indicators for pension reforms in 18 European countries between 2008 and 2016. These indicators are combined with European Social Survey data from 2008 and 2016 to measure preferences towards welfare programmes that benefit the old compared to policies that benefit the working population and families with children. A difference‐in‐difference design is applied to test whether there are differences between reform and non‐reform countries and between cohorts. Pension reforms were found to be associated with stronger declines in pro‐old policy preferences in countries that raised the retirement age or introduced private pensions. The results show that although support for pro‐old welfare policies has declined in almost all countries, this has not necessarily undermined the generational welfare contract. Rather, there has been a re‐balancing of preferences towards policies that also favour other generations in other life‐course stages.