bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rescue fecal microbiota transplantation for antibiotic-associated diarrhea in critically ill patients
Authors: Dai Min , Liu Yafei , Chen Wei , Buch Heena , Shan Yi , Chang Liuhui , Bai Yong , Shen Chen , Zhang Xiaoyin , Huo Yufeng , Huang Dian , Yang Zhou , Hu Zhihang , He Xuwei , Pan Junyu , Hu Lili , Pan Xinfang , Wu Xiangtao , Deng Bin , Li Zhifeng , Cui Bota , Zhang Faming 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a risk factor for exacerbating the outcome of critically ill patients. Dysbiosis induced by the exposure to antibiotics reveals the potential therapeutic role of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in these patients. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the safety and potential benefit of rescue FMT for AAD in critically ill patients.

Methods
A series of critically ill patients with AAD received rescue FMT from Chinese fmtBank, from September 2015 to February 2019. Adverse events (AEs) and rescue FMT success which focused on the improvement of abdominal symptoms and post-ICU survival rate during a minimum of 12 weeks follow-up were assessed.

Results
Twenty critically ill patients with AAD underwent rescue FMT, and 18 of them were included for analysis. The mean of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores at intensive care unit (ICU) admission was 21.7 ± 8.3 (range 11–37). Thirteen patients received FMT through nasojejunal tube, four through gastroscopy, and one through enema. Patients were treated with four (4.2 ± 2.1, range 2–9) types of antibiotics before and during the onset of AAD. 38.9% (7/18) of patients had FMT-related AEs during follow-up, including increased diarrhea frequency, abdominal pain, increased serum amylase, and fever. Eight deaths unrelated to FMT occurred during follow-up. One hundred percent (2/2) of abdominal pain, 86.7% (13/15) of diarrhea, 69.2% (9/13) of abdominal distention, and 50% (1/2) of hematochezia were improved after FMT. 44.4% (8/18) of patients recovered from abdominal symptoms without recurrence and survived for a minimum of 12 weeks after being discharged from ICU.

Conclusion
In this case series studying the use of FMT in critically ill patients with AAD, good clinical outcomes without infectious complications were observed. These findings could potentially encourage researchers to set up new clinical trials that will provide more insight into the potential benefit and safety of the procedure in the ICU.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, Number NCT03895593. Registered 29 March 2019 (retrospectively registered).
Accuracy assessment of fusion transcript detection via read-mapping and de novo fusion transcript assembly-based methods
Authors: Haas Brian J. , Dobin Alexander , Li Bo , Stransky Nicolas , Pochet Nathalie , Regev Aviv 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Accurate fusion transcript detection is essential for comprehensive characterization of cancer transcriptomes. Over the last decade, multiple bioinformatic tools have been developed to predict fusions from RNA-seq, based on either read mapping or de novo fusion transcript assembly.

Results
We benchmark 23 different methods including applications we develop, STAR-Fusion and TrinityFusion, leveraging both simulated and real RNA-seq. Overall, STAR-Fusion, Arriba, and STAR-SEQR are the most accurate and fastest for fusion detection on cancer transcriptomes.

Conclusion
The lower accuracy of de novo assembly-based methods notwithstanding, they are useful for reconstructing fusion isoforms and tumor viruses, both of which are important in cancer research.
Baicalin mitigated Mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced structural damage and attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis in chicken thymus through the Nrf2/HO-1 defence pathway
Authors: Li Jichang , Qiao Zujian , Hu Wanying , Zhang Wei , Shah Syed Waqas Ali , Ishfaq Muhammad 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe thymus is a primary lymphoid organ and plays a critical role in the immune response against infectious agents. Baicalin is a naturally derived flavonoid famous for its pharmacological properties, but the preventive effects of baicalin against immune impairment remain unclear. We examined this effect in the context ofMycoplasma gallisepticum(MG) infection-induced structural damage in the chicken thymus. Histopathological examination showed that the compact arrangement of cells in the thymus was lost in the MG-infected group. Inflammatory cell infiltration and nuclear debris accumulated, and the boundary between the cortex and medulla was not clearly visible. The mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis-related genes were significantly increased in the MG-infected group compared to the control group and the baicalin group. The number of positively stained nuclei in the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay were increased in the MG-infected group. In addition, electron microscopic examination showed chromatin condensation, mitochondrial swelling and apoptotic vesicles in the MG-infected group. However, baicalin treatment significantly alleviated the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by MG infection. Importantly, the abnormal morphology was partially ameliorated by baicalin treatment. Compared to the MG-infected group, the baicalin-treated group showed significantly reduced expression of apoptosis-related genes at both the mRNA and protein levels. Meanwhile, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling pathway and downstream genes were significantly upregulated by baicalin to counteract MG-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the thymocytes of chickens. In summary, these findings suggest that baicalin treatment efficiently attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis by activating the Nrf2 signalling pathway and could protect the thymus from MG infection-mediated structural and functional damage.
Discontinuous generalized double-almost-periodic functions on almost-complete-closed time scales
Authors: Wang Chao , Agarwal Ravi P. , O’Regan Donal , Sakthivel Rathinasamy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the concept of almost-complete-closed time scales (ACCTS) that allows independent variables of functions to possess almost-periodicity under translations. For this new type of time scale, a class of piecewise functions with double-almost-periodicity is proposed and studied. Based on these, concepts of weighted pseudo-double-almost-periodic functions (WPDAP) in Banach spaces and a translation-almost-closed set are introduced. Further, we prove that the function space WPDAP0affiliated to WPDAP is a translation-almost-closed set. Then, by introducing the concept of almost-uniform convergence for piecewise functions on ACCTS and using measure theory on time scales, some composition theorems of WPDAP and the completeness of the function space are proved.
Nutritional and functional properties of coloured rice varieties of South India: a review
Authors: Rathna Priya T. S. , Eliazer Nelson Ann Raeboline Lincy , Ravichandran Kavitha , Antony Usha 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRice is a major cereal food crop and staple food in most of the developing countries. India stands second in the production of rice next to China. Though almost 40,000 varieties of rice are said to exist, at present, only a few varieties are cultivated extensively, milled and polished. Even if white rice is consumed by most people around the world, some specialty rice cultivars are also grown. These include the coloured and aromatic rice varieties. The nutritional profile of the specialty rice is high when compared to the white rice varieties. The coloured rice, which usually gets its colour due to the deposition of anthocyanin pigments in the bran layer of the grain, is rich in phytochemicals and antioxidants. Rice bran, a by-product of the rice milling industry is under-utilised, is rich in dietary fibre which finds application in the development of functional foods and various other value-added products. Thus, more focus on specialty rice and its by-products will not only save it from becoming extinct but also lead a step forward towards nutrition security of the country as they are abundant in vitamins, minerals and polyphenols.
Murad vs. ISIS
Authors: cooke miriam 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This article analyzes recent Iraqi texts, some authorizing and others condemning rape as a weapon of war. The focus is on Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) perpetrators of sexual violence, their Yazidi victims, and two women’s demands for reparative, restorative justice. Held in sexual slavery between 2014 and 2015, Farida Khalaf and 2018 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Nadia Murad published testimonials that detail their experiences. Determined to bring ISIS rapists to justice, they narrate the formerly unspeakable crimes that ISIS militants committed against them. Adjudicated as a crime against humanity at the end of the twentieth century, rape as a weapon of war, and especially genocide, no longer slips under the radar of international attention. This study argues that the Yazidi women’s brave decision to speak out may help break the millennial silence of rape survivors.
High-Intensity Bremsstrahlung of Electron Accelerator in Photoneutron and Radioisotopes Production for Medicine
Authors: Кураченко Ю. , Kurachenko Yu. , Онищук Е. , Onischuk E. , Матусевич Е. , Matusevich E. , Коробейников В. , Korobeynikov V. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To study the binary possibility of using the available linear electron accelerators for the neutron therapy and radioisotopes production. For both applications, calculations were performed and the results were normalized to the characteristics of the Mevex accelerator (average electron current 4 mA at a monoenergetic electron beam 35 MeV). It turns out that the production of both photoneutrons and radioisotopes is effective when using bremsstrahlung radiation generated in the giant dipole resonance of a heavy metal target.
Material and methods: The unifying problem for both applications is the task of target cooling: at beam power ~ 140 kW, half of it or more is deposited directly in the target. Therefore the liquid heavy metal was selected as a target, in order to conjoin high thermohydraulics quality with maximal productivity both bremsstrahlung radiation and photoneutrons. The targets were optimized using precise codes for radiation transport and thermohydraulics problems. The optimization was also carried out for the installations as a whole: 1) for the composition of the material and configuration of the photoneutron extraction unit for neutron capture therapy (NCT) and 2) for the scheme of bremsstrahlung generation for radioisotopes production.
Results: The photoneutron block provides an acceptable beam quality for NCT with a high neutron flux density at the output ~2·1010 cm–2s–1, which is an order of magnitude higher than the values at the output of the reactor beams that worked in the past and are currently being designed for neutron capture therapy. As for radioisotopes production, using optimal reaction channel (γ, n) 43 radioisotopes in 5 groups were received. For example, by the Mo100(γ,n)99Mo reaction the precursor 99Mo of main diagnostic nuclide 99mTc with specific activity ~6 Ci/g and total activity of the target 1.8 kCi could be produced after 1 day irradiation exposure.
Conclusion: The proposed schemes of neutron and bremsstrahlung generation and extraction have a number of obvious advantages over traditional techniques: a) the applying of the electron accelerators for neutron production is much safer and cheaper than to use conventional reactor beams; b) accelerator with the target, the beam output unit with the necessary equipment and tooling can be placed on the territory of the clinic without any problems; c) the proposed target for NCT is liquid gallium, which also serves as a coolant; it is an “environmentally friendly” material, its activation is rather low and rapidly (in ~4 days) falls to the background level.
Brachytherapy for Locally Advanced Cervix Cancer (Methodological Aspects)
Authors: Кравец О. , Kravets O. , Дубинина А. , Dubinina A. , Тарачкова Е. , Tarachkova E. , Козлов О. , Kozlov O. , Романова Е. , Romanova E. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To increase local control of cervical tumors by developing and introducing into practice the optimization of dose distribution in the primary tumor during concomitant chemoradiation (CRT) and image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) i.e. summing up the maximum dose to the tumor volume of HR-CTV> 85 Gy in the shortest possible period of time by the optimal fractionation regime, without increasing the tolerable doses to the organs of risk (bladder, rectum, sigmoid).
Material and methods: Data of the study was the of clinical observations of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer proven stage IIb–IIIb according to FIGO, treated with curative radiation therapy. After pelvic +/- para-aortic external-beam radiation therapy (2 Gy × 50 Gy with Cisplatin 40 mg/m2 weekly), they received high-dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy or in combination with interstitial component following GEC-ESTRO recommendations.
Results: We managed to achieve maximum dose to the tumor volume of HR-CTV> 85 Gy without increasing the load on the risk organs. The Clinical Contouring at the time of primary diagnosis of cervical cancer and before brachytherapy session based on clinical and diagnostic data using MRI helps to optimize the brachytherapy process, develop patient management tactics and a clear sequence of actions in a complex program of brachytherapy.
Conclusion: The presented clinical cases indicate the prospects of using an individual approach in planning the brachytherapy of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer.
Radiation Survey in the Vicinity of the Shipyards Involved in Decommissioning and Dismantlement of Nuclear Ships
Authors: Шандала Н. , Shandala N. , Исаев Д. , Isaev D. , Титов А. , Titov A. , Шлыгин В. , Shlygin V. , Бельских Ю. , Bel'skih Yu. , Старинский В. , Starinskiy V. , Старинская Р. , Starinskaya R. , Зуева М. , Zueva M. , Ильин Л. , Il'in L. , Лягинская А. , Lyaginskaya A. 
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To study radiation and health physics situation in the vicinity of the shipyards “The 10th Shipyard, a Holder of Order of the Red Banner of Labor” (JSC “10 SRZ”) and “The Nerpa Shipyard” – a branch of the JSC “The Shipyard Center “Zvezdochka” (SRZ “Nerpa”) after the completion of the main stage of nuclear submarine dismantling and to assess potential effect of on-going activities to the environment and population.
Material and methods: The following methods were used in radiation survey: pedestrian gamma survey of the site using portable gamma spectrometry complexes, gamma spectrometry and radiochemistry methods to determine the activity of manmade radionuclides in samples of environmental media.
Results: Radiation and health physics studies were carried out from 2013 till 2017. It was shown that gamma dose rate within the health protection zones and supervision areas (SA) of the shipyards including the territories of the nearest cities – Snezhnogorsk and Polyarnyi – was at the level of regional values and did not exceed 0.14 µSv/h. The activities of radionuclides in soil from the surveyed sites did not exceed 23 Bq/kg for 90Sr and 100 Bq/kg for 137Cs. Concentrations of 90Sr and 137Cs in plants (mosses) at the surveyed sites did not exceed 70 and 48 Bq/kg, respectively, this is a bit higher than the background levels of the reference village of Belokamenka (1 and 20 Bq/kg, respectively, for 90Sr and 137Cs). The activity of seawater (Barents Sea) in 2016–2018 reached 60 mBq/l for 90Sr and 4 mBq/l for 137Cs, at mean values from 2 to 4 mBq/l over the period between 1990 and 2000 for the studied radionuclides. Data for 137Cs and 90Sr measured in samples of local wild plants, in particular, mushrooms, did not exceed 100 Bq/kg, this is much lower than the established permissible specific activities.
Conclusion: Considerable impact of the work on the dismantling of nuclear submarines, maintenance ships and ships with a nuclear energy installation on the radiation situation in the areas of shipyards and health effects in the population of Snezhnogorsk and Polyarnyi was not revealed. However, along the external border of the surveyed shipyards some local parts of the sites of 5500 m2 area were found, where the specific activities of 90Sr and 137Cs in soil exceeded background levels and bordered by the level of permissible specific activity for unlimited use of solid materials (137Cs – 100 Bq/kg).
Short stems have lower load at failure than double-wedged stems in a cadaveric cementless fracture model
Authors: Klasan Antonio , Bäumlein Martin , Dworschak Philipp , Bliemel Christopher , Neri Thomas , Schofer Markus D. , Heyse Thomas J. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives Periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) have a higher incidence with cementless stems. The highest incidence among various cementless stem types was observed with double-wedged stems. Short stems have been introduced as a bone-preserving alternative with a higher incidence of PFF in some studies. The purpose of this study was a direct load-to-failure comparison of a double-wedged cementless stem and a short cementless stem in a cadaveric fracture model. Methods Eight hips from four human cadaveric specimens (age mean 76 years (60 to 89)) and eight fourth-generation composite femurs were used. None of the cadaveric specimens had compromised quality (mean T value 0.4 (-1.0 to 5.7)). Each specimen from a pair randomly received either a double-wedged stem or a short stem. A materials testing machine was used for lateral load-to-failure test of up to a maximal load of 5000 N. Results Mean load at failure of the double-wedged stem was 2540 N (1845 to 2995) and 1867 N (1135 to 2345) for the short stem (p < 0.001). All specimens showed the same fracture pattern, consistent with a Vancouver B2 fracture. The double-wedged stem was able to sustain a higher load than its short-stemmed counterpart in all cases. Failure force was not correlated to the bone mineral density (p = 0.718). Conclusion Short stems have a significantly lower primary load at failure compared with double-wedged stems in both cadaveric and composite specimens. Surgeons should consider this biomechanical property when deciding on the use of short femoral stem. Cite this article: A. Klasan, M. Bäumlein, P. Dworschak, C. Bliemel, T. Neri, M. D. Schofer, T. J. Heyse. Short stems have lower load at failure than double-wedged stems in a cadaveric cementless fracture model. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:489–494. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.810.BJR-2019-0051.R1.
A Relação Natureza-Sociedade
Authors: Vargas Fábio Alves de 
Published: October 2019

Os problemas emergentes de nossa sociedade contemporânea apontam para um desequilíbrio nas relações em que os homens têm desenvolvido com a natureza. Igualmente, tem demonstrado como a concepção majoritária de natureza, como recurso, em nossa civilização, tem triunfado. Considerando o comprometimento da ciência geográfica em abordar a temática ambiental, este trabalho propõe uma discussão sobre a relação natureza-sociedade e suas perspectivas, e sobre como ela tem sido entendida em sua trajetória histórica. A atual crise na relação natureza-sociedade exige uma nova forma de pensar a estrutura do modo e dos meios de produção capitalista, o consumo exacerbado, a ciência e a tecnologia, em suma: a forma como entendemos e como nos relacionamos com a natureza. Os encaminhamentos metodológicos para a condução dessa pesquisa foram realizados por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica acerca da temática.
PREVALENCE, PATTERN AND CORRELATES OF STUDY DIFFICULTY AMONG STUDENTS OF COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES LADOKE AKINTOLA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY OSOGBO.
Authors: Falade J. , Eegunranti B. A. , Tobih J. E. , Ogundiran A. C. , Ibigbami O. , Akinsulore A. , Ogundiran O. 
Published: October 2019

Introduction - Study difficulty is the inability to obtain maximum result from efforts put into studying. It can negatively affect the physical and mental stability of the student leading to increased dropout from school.
Objective - This study examined the prevalence, pattern and correlates of study difficulty among students of College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Osogbo.
Methods - Two hundred and seventy-seven students of the College were consecutively recruited. Each student filled socio-demographic questionnaire, University College London Study Questionnaire (UCLSQ), Brief COPE Questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software (version 21) was used for the analysis.
Results -The mean age of the respondents was 26.3 years. The proportion of Medical, Nursing and Medical Laboratory Science students were 42.6%, 31.8% and 25.6%respectively. Most of the respondents were from married home (77.5%), monogamous setting (78.0%), parents with tertiary education and higher class of occupation. The prevalence of study difficulty among the respondents was 52.0%. Multiple linear regression analysis with stepwise method showed that respondents using less of adaptive coping strategies (p = 0,005) and presence of psychiatric morbidity (p<0.001) were independently associated with the presence of study difficulty.
Conclusion - This study has shown that psychiatric morbidity and maladaptive coping strategy use were more common among students with study difficulty. A routine mental health assessment and practical teaching of adaptive coping strategy in the citadels of learning in particular the tertiary level/medical and paramedical professions.