bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are normoglycaemic individuals at risk of depression? The depression-dysglycaemic phenotype from a European population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Cuschieri Sarah , Mamo Julian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Depression is a chronic non communicable disease and its control constitutes a growing public health concern given its links with a number of co-morbidities, including diabetes mellitus. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression at a population level, establish the depression sub-population phenotypic characteristics while exploring for links between depression and a spectrum of glycemic abnormalities.

Methods

A nationally representative cross-sectional study was conducted in Malta between 2014 and 2016. Participants were categorized into different sub-populations according to their glycaemic status. Depression prevalence rates and phenotypic characteristics for each sub-population were established. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify links with depression.

Results

Depression was prevalent in 17.15% (CI 95%: 16.01 – 18.36) with a female predominance. Those with known (as opposed to newly diagnosed) diabetes had the highest depression prevalence when compared to other glycemic sub-groups and exhibited a significant link with self-reported depression. However, at a population level, depression was mostly prevalent within the normoglycaemic sub-population.

Conclusions

The study confirms the strong link between diabetes and depression, especially, in a high risk dysglycaemic population. Of public health concern is the high depression occurrence within the normoglycaemic sub-population, which constitutes the majority of the total Maltese population. Given the high prevalence of depressive illness in the population and in order to reduce the impact of mental health on the population, physicians may consider implementing depression screening clinical tools as part of their routine health check-ups at primary care level, irrespective of the glycaemic status of their patients.
Cancer risk after total hip replacements. A prospective study of 41,402 patients in the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register linked to the Cancer Registry of Norway
Authors: Dybvik Eva , Furnes Ove , Havelin Leif I. , Fosså Sophie D. , Trovik Clement , Lie Stein Atle 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Concerns have been raised that implants used in total hip replacements (THR) could lead to increased cancer risk. Several different materials, metals and fixation techniques are used in joint prostheses and different types of articulation can cause an increased invasion of particles or ions into the human body. Methods: Patients with THR registered in the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register during 1987-2009 were linked to the Cancer registry of Norway. Patients with THR due to osteoarthritis, under the age of 75 at time of surgery, were included. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were applied to compare cancer risk for THR patients to the general population. Types of THR were divided into cemented (both components), uncemented (both components), and hybrid (cemented femoral and uncemented acetabular components). To account for selection mechanisms, time dependent covariates were applied in Cox-regression, adjusting for cancer risk the first 10 years after surgery. The analyses were adjusted for age, gender and if the patient had additional THR-surgery in the same or the opposite hip. The study follows the STROBE guidelines.Results: Comparing patients with THR to the general population in Norway we found no differences in cancer risk. The overall SIR for the THR-patients after 10 years follow-up was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.97-1.07). For cemented THR, the SIR after 10 years follow-up was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.94-1.05), for uncemented, 1.16 (95% CI: 1.02-1.30), and for hybrid 1.12 (95% CI: 0.91-1.33). Adjusted Cox analyses showed that patients with uncemented THRs had an elevated risk for cancer (hazard ratio: HR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.05-1.46, p=0.009) when compared to patients with cemented THRs after 10 years follow-up. Stratified by gender the increased risk was only present for men. The risk for patients with hybrid THRs was not significantly increased (HR=1.07, 95% CI: 0.85-1.35, p=0.55) compared to patients with cemented THRs.Conclusions: THR patients had no increased risk for cancer compared to the general population. We found, however, that receiving an uncemented THR was associated with a small increased risk for cancer compared to cemented THR in males, but that this may be prone to unmeasured confounding.
The importance of cardiorespiratory fitness and sleep duration in early CVD prevention. BMI, resting heart rate and questions about sleep patterns are suggested in risk assessment of young adults, 18-25 years.
Authors: Fernström Maria , Fernberg Ulrika , Hurtig-Wennlöf Anita 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and sleep habits are lifestyle factors with potential to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide, it is therefore important to establish a healthy lifestyle at young age. In the Lifestyle, biomarkers and atherosclerosis (LBA) study we have examined 834 healthy non-smoking adults, 18-25 years. The general purpose of the LBA study was to study the effect of lifestyle on traditional biomarkers known to influence CVD risk. The aims of the present study were to evaluate sleep habits of the young adult women and men participating in the LBA study, and to compare the importance of sleep habits and other lifestyle habits on clinically relevant biomarkers for CVD. Additional aim was to find easy and reliable non-invasive biomarkers to detect young adults with increased risk to develop CVD later in life. Methods: The participants have previously been examined for lifestyle factors, biomarkers and CVD risk score. They filled in a validated computerized questionnaire about their general physical and mental health. The questionnaire included questions on sleep duration and experienced quality of sleep. Results: In total 27% of the young adult participants reported difficulties to fall asleep or experiences anxious sleep with several awakenings per night. The experienced anxious sleep was not related to higher CVD risk score, but sleep quality and sleep duration was correlated. Shorter sleep duration was significantly associated to higher body mass index (BMI), body fat %, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and CVD risk. The modifiable lifestyle factor with highest odds ratio (OR) for CVD risk was CRF. Sleep duration was the second most influential lifestyle factor, more important than moderate- and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and food habits. Correlations between CRF and heart rate (HR) (P<0.01) and HOMA-IR and BMI (P<0.01) was observed, indicating that BMI and resting HR in combination with questions about sleep patterns are easy and reliable non-invasive biomarkers to detect young adults who needs counselling about a healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: Decreased sleep duration in combination with decreased CRF, in young adults, is a serious health issue.
Responsiveness of health care services towards the elderly in Tanzania: Does health insurance make a difference? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Amani Paul Joseph , Tungu Malale , Hurtig Anna-Karin , Kiwara Angwara Denis , Frumence Gasto , Sebastian Miguel San 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundResponsiveness has become an important health system performance indicator in evaluating the ability of health care systems to meet patients’ expectations. However, its measurement in sub-Saharan Africa remains scarce. This study aimed to assess the responsiveness of the health care services among the insured and non-insured elderly in Tanzania and to explore the association of health insurance (HI) with responsiveness in this population. MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 where a pre-tested household survey, administered to the elderly (60 + years) living in Igunga and Nzega districts, was applied. Participants with and without health insurance who attended outpatient and inpatient health care services in the past three and 12 months were selected. Responsiveness was measured based on the short version of the World Health Organization (WHO) multi-country responsiveness survey study, which included the dimensions of quality of basic amenities, choice, confidentiality, autonomy, communication and prompt attention. Quantile regression was used to assess the specific association of the responsiveness index with health insurance adjusted for sociodemographic factors.ResultsA total of 1453 and 744 elderly, of whom 50.1% and 63% had health insurance, used outpatient and inpatient health services, respectively. All domains were rated relatively highly but the uninsured elderly reported better responsiveness in all domains of outpatient and inpatient care. Waiting time was the dimension that performed worst. Possession of health insurance was negatively associated with responsiveness in outpatient (−1; 95% CI: −1.45, −0.45) and inpatient (−2; 95% CI: −2.69, −1.30) care. Conclusion The uninsured elderly reported better responsiveness than the insured elderly in both outpatient and inpatient care. Special attention should be paid to those dimensions, like waiting time, which ranked poorly. Further research is necessary to reveal the reasons for the lower responsiveness noted among insured elderly. A continuous monitoring of health care system responsiveness is recommended.
The relationship between the level of μ-opioid receptor (μORs) and postoperative analgesic use in patients undergoing septoplasty: A prospective randomized controlled trial.
Authors: GENCER MUZAFFER , Göçmen Ayşe Yeşim 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: In this study, the μ-Opioid receptor activity was assessed pre-operatively for its association with postoperative pain level and second analgesic requirement in patients undergoing septoplasty.Methods: In our prospective study, 120 adult patients underwent septoplasty from June 2015 to January 2019 were randomly divided into 2 pre-operative groups. The first group (n=60) was patients given tramadol (1-2 mg/kg) for post-operative analgesia, and the second group (control group) (n=60) was initially prescribed only fentanyl (1 µg/ kg-i.v.) in the induction. Acetaminophen with codeine analgesic 325/30 mg (p.o.) was used as an rescue painkiller in the post-operative period. The μ-Opioid receptor activity was investigated in pre-operative blood samples and compared to post-operative pain level and time required for second round of analgesic administration. The visual analogue score (VAS) was used to evaluate the post-operative pain degree (0 no pain; 10 worst pain). The patients’ post-operative VAS scores were evaluated upon arrival to recovery room, and at the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 24th hour post-operative period.Results: Demographic data and peri-operative variables were similar in both study group (p<0.05).There was no significant difference between the receptor levels in both groups and the mean receptor level was 200.94±15.34 pg/mL (max:489.92±22.36 pg/mL, min: 94.56±11.23 pg/mL).In patients who used tramadol as the levels of μ-Opioid receptors increased, VAS scores of patients and second analgesic use decreased in post-operative period.The VAS scores in patients with higher receptor levels were lower in the recovery room (p<0.05), 1st (p<0.05) and 3rd hours (p<0.05).The VAS scores were lower in the tramadol group compared to the control group (p<0.05).Number of secondary analgesic requirement was significantly lower in patients of the tramadol group with higher receptor levels compared to the ones with lower receptor (p<0.05) for arrival at the recovery room and 1st hour.Patients in the tramadol group needed a second pain killer much later than patients in the control group.Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that patients with higher μOR levels have a higher efficacy of opioid analgesic agents and an lesser need for additional analgesic agents.Trial registration:This trial was registered retrospectively (The ACTRN: ACTRN12619001652167, registration date: 26/11/2019).
Association between self-reported walking speed and calcaneal stiffness index in postmenopausal Japanese women
Authors: Tomita Yoshihito , Arima Kazuhiko , Mizukami Satoshi , Tsujimoto Ritsu , Kawashiri Shin-ya , Nishimura Takayuki , Okabe Takuhiro , Tanaka Natsumi , Honda Yuzo , Nakahara Kazumi , Yamamoto Naoko , Ohmachi Izumi , Goto Hisashi , Hasegawa Maiko , Sou Youko , Horiguchi Itsuko , Kanagae Mitsuo , Abe Yasuyo , Nonaka Fumiaki , Tamai Mami , Yamanashi Hirotomo , Nagata Yasuhiro , Kawakami Atsushi , Maeda Takahiro , Aoyagi Kiyoshi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background; ﻿﻿ Osteoporosis and related fractures, a worldwide public health issue of growing concern, is characterized by compromised bone strength and an increased risk of fracture. Here we show an association between self-reported walking speed and bone mass among community-dwelling postmenopausal Japanese women aged 50 years and older. Design; Cross-sectional study.Setting and Participants; The survey population included 1008 postmenopausal women 50–92 years of age residing in rural communities.Methods; Self-reported walking speed was ascertained by asking the participants: “Is your walking speed faster than others of the same age and sex?” to which participants responded “yes (faster)” or “no (moderate/slower).” Calcaneal stiffness index was measured.Results; Women with a faster self-reported walking speed were younger and had a lower BMI, higher stiffness index, and higher grip strength than women with a slower walking speed. Multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for age, BMI, grip strength, comorbidity, current smoking, and alcohol drinking status showed a significant association between faster self-reported walking speed and higher calcaneal stiffness index (p < 0.001).Conclusions; Our findings suggest that questionnaires of walking speed may be useful for predicting bone mass and that a fast self-reported walking may benefit bone health in postmenopausal women.
Pregnancy during the evolving pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A rapid scoping review of early evidence in the published literature
Authors: Hasan Md Zabir , Kibria Gulam Muhammed Al , Alam Tasmeer 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundWithout any preventive or curative medication, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a higher risk to pregnant women, due to their immunosuppression during pregnancy. This rapid scoping synthesized the earliest evidence from the published scientific literature on the clinical feature and management for pregnant women with COVID-19.MethodScientific literature (published in English between 1 January 2019 to 31 March 2020) were systematically extracted from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and “Global research on coronavirus disease (COVID-19)”. Results from eligible studies were charted, synthesized, and presented in a narrative format. ResultOur study identified 52 unique articles, and among them, 29 were included in this review. Pregnant women with COVID-19 were mostly in their third trimester and presented with fever, dry cough, myalgia, and dyspnea. Ground-glass opacity was the cardinal feature of COVID-19 in the computerized tomography scan of the chest. Except for two participants, severe pneumonia did not occur among pregnant women. Higher episodes of preterm birth and cesarean delivery were observed; however, it cannot be explicitly attributed to COVID-19. There is no published evidence on the vertical transmission. A collaborative team of healthcare professionals must manage pregnancy with COVID-19. Contact tracing, investigation of travel history, radiological assessment, and laboratory tests with regular fetal health monitoring must be done. ConclusionEvidence of higher perinatal complications puts pregnant women in a further vulnerable condition. Cautiousness is imperative during the clinical management of pregnant women with COVID-19, as there is no approved treatment regime available at this moment.
TM4SF1 promotes EMT and cancer stemness via the Wnt/β-catenin/SOX2 pathway in colorectal cancer
Authors: TANG QIANG , Chen Jinghuang , Di Ziyang , Yuan Wenzheng , Zhou Zili , Liu Zhengyi , Han Shengbo , Liu Yanwei , Ying Guoguang , Shu Xiaogang , Di Maojun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Inequalities in stunting among under-five children in Tanzania: Decomposing the Concentration Indexes using Demographic Health Surveys from 2004/5 to 2015/6
Authors: Musheiguza Edwin , Mahande Michael Johnson , Malamala Elias , Msuya Sia E , Charles Festo , Philemon Rune , Mgongo Melina 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Child stunting is a global health concern. Stunting leads to several consequences on child survival, growth, and development. The absolute level of stunting has been decreasing in Tanzania although the prevalence is still high (34%), varying across socioeconomic determinants with a larger burden among the disadvantaged group. The reduction of inequalities in stunting is very crucial as we aim to reduce stunting to 28% by 2021 and hence attain zero malnutrition by 2030 under Sustainable Development Goal 2.2.. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the trend, contributing factors and changes of inequalities in stunting among children aged 3 – 59 months from 2004 to 2016 Methodology: Data were drawn from the Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys. The dependent variable was stunting. The concentration index was used to quantify the magnitude of inequalities in stunting for each year. To get the contribution of each determinant on the inequality in stunting, the concentration index was decomposed by using the Wagstaff and Watanabe decomposition methods of the concentration index. Results: Inequalities in stunting insignificantly declined from -0.019 (p<0.001) in 2004 to -0.018 (p<0.001) in 2010 and then to -0.0096 (p<0.001). Disparities in the distribution of wealth index (mean contribution > 84.7%) and maternal years of schooling (mean contribution > 22.4%) increased the levels of inequalities in stunting in all survey years. Rural-urban differences reduced inequalities in stunting although the contribution changed over time. Conclusion: Inequalities in stunting declined, differentials in wealth index and maternal education had increased contribution to the levels of inequalities in stunting. To significantly reduce the larger burden of stunting among the disadvantaged groups, initiatives should be embarked on the distribution of social services including maternal and reproductive education among women of reproductive age, water and health infrastructures in local areas.
Synergic effects of decellularized bone matrix, hydroxyapatite, and extracellular vesicles on repairing of the rabbit mandibular bone defect model
Authors: Emami Asrin , Talaei-Khozani Tahereh , Tavanafar Saeid , Zareifard Nehleh , Azarpira Negar , Vojdani Zahra 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Extracellular vesicles (ECV) and bone extracellular matrix (ECM) have beneficial effects on the treatment of some pathological conditions. The purpose of this study was to find the synergic effects of decellularized bone (DB) ECM and ECVs on the repair of rabbit. Methods: The quality of decellularized sheep bones was confirmed by H&E, Hoechst, DNA quantification, immunohistochemistry, histochemical staining, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Osteoblast-derived ECVs were evaluated by internalization test, Transmission electron microscopy, Dynamic light scattering, and flow cytometry for CD9, CD63, CD81 markers. The hydrogel containing DB and hydroxyapatite (HA) with or without ECVs was evaluated for osteoblast functions and bone repair both in vitro and in vivo. Results: The data indicated ECM preservation after decellularization as well as cell depletion. In vitro assessments revealed that mineralization and alkaline phosphatase activity did not improve after treatment of MG63 cells by ECVs, while in vivo morphomatrical estimations showed synergic effects of ECVs and DB+HA hydrogels on increasing the number of bone-specific cells and vessel and bone area compared to the control, DB+HA and ECV-treated groups. Conclusions: The DB enriched with ECVs can be an ideal scaffold for bone tissue engineering and may provide a suitable niche for bone cell migration and differentiation.
Deficiency in Aim2 affects viability and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells from murine aortas and Angiotensin-II induced aortic aneurysms
Authors: Wortmann Markus , Arshad Muhammad , Hakimi Maani , Böckler Dittmar , Dihlmann Susanne 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells is a key element in vascular remodeling and aortic aneurysm growth. Previously, deletion of several inflammasome components decreased formation of aortic aneurysm (AA) in the Angiotensin II (AngII) -induced mouse model. We hypothesized that the inflammasome sensor Absent in melanoma 2 (Aim2) might affect the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), thereby reducing AA formation. Methods: Aim2-/- mice and wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6J mice were used as an animal model. VSMC were isolated from 6 months old mice and grown in vitro. Young (passage 3-5) and senescent (passage 7-12) cells were analyzed in vitro for calcification in mineralization medium by Alizarin Red S staining. Expression of calcification and inflammatory markers were studied by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting, release of cytokines was determined by ELISA. To induce AA, osmotic mini-pumps loaded with AngII (1500 ng/kg bodyweight/min) were implanted for 28 days in male mice at 6 months of age.Results: Compared with VSMC from WT mice, VSMC isolated from Aim2-/- mice were larger, less viable, and underwent stronger calcification in mineralization medium, along with induction of Bmp4 and repression of Tnfsf11/Rankl gene expression. In addition, Aim2 deficiency was associated with reduced inflammasome gene expression and release of Interleukin-6. Using the mouse model of AngII induced AA, Aim2 deficiency reduced AA incidence to 48.4% (15/31) in Aim2-/- mice versus 76.5% (13/17) in WT mice. In contrast to Aim2-/- mice, AA from WT mice expressed significantly increased levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin/Acta2, indicating tissue remodeling. Reduced cell proliferation in Aim2-/- mice was indicated by significantly increased p16ink4a/Cdkn2a expression in untreated and AngII-infused aortas, and by significantly lower amounts of proliferating (Ki67 positive) VSMC in AngII-infused Aim2-/- mice. Conclusions: Our results suggest a role for Aim2 in regulating VSMC proliferation and transition to an osteoblast-like or osteoclast-like phenotype, thereby modulating the response of VSMC in aortic remodeling and AA formation.