bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Access to Substituted 1,4‐Diaza‐2,3‐Diborinines
Authors: Thiess Torsten , Ernst Moritz , Kupfer Thomas , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSeveral bis(dimethylamino)‐substituted 1,4‐diaza‐2,3‐diborinines (DADBs) were synthesized with variable substituents at the backbone nitrogen atoms. By reaction with HCl or BX3 (X=Br, I), these species were successfully converted into their synthetically more useful halide congeners. The high versatility of the generated B−X bonds in further functionalization reactions at the boron centers was demonstrated by means of salt elimination (MeLi) and commutation (NMe2 DADBs) reactions, thus making the DADB system a general structural motif in diborane(4) chemistry. A total of 18 DADB derivatives were characterized in the solid state by X‐ray diffraction, revealing a strong dependence of the heterocyclic bonding parameters from the exocyclic substitution pattern at boron. According to our experiments towards the realization of a Dipp‐substituted, sterically encumbered DADB, the mechanism of DADB formation proceeds via a transient four‐membered azadiboretidine intermediate that subsequently undergoes ring expansion to afford the six‐membered DADB heterocycle.
Zinc(II)–Organic Framework Films with Thermochromic and Solvatochromic Applications
Authors: Lee Li‐Wei , Chi Heng‐Yu , Kao Ya‐Chuan , Hung Ting‐Hsiang , Chiou Da‐Shiuan , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Peng Shie‐Ming , Kang Dun‐Yen , Wang Chih‐Min , Lu Kuang‐Lieh 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMultiple‐stimuli‐responsive photoluminescence films based on a ZnII–organic framework, {[Zn2(Htpim)(3,4‐pydc)2]⋅4 DMF⋅4 H2O}n (1, Htpim=2,4,5‐tri(4‐pyridyl)imidazole, 3,4‐H2pydc=3,4‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid), were fabricated. This compound consisted of a 2D corrugated layer, {Zn(3,4‐pydc)}n, which was further pillared using a Y‐shaped pillar N‐donor ligand (Htpim) to form a 3D‐pillared‐layer framework with 1D open channels. The rectangular channels in the as‐synthesized compound are fully occupied by guest DMF and H2O molecules. The framework exhibits instant and reversible thermochromic properties corresponding to the removal of different H2O and DMF guest molecules as temperature increases. The pale‐yellow crystal undergoes significant redshifting to a greenish emission centered at 530 nm. Compound 1 also showed remarkable solvatochromic effects in the presence of various organic solvents without affecting its structural integrity. In addition, polycrystalline MOF films were grown on an α‐Al2O3 support for switchable and fast‐response thermochromic and solvatochromic sensors.
Degradation of surfactant used in iron mining by oxidation technique: Fenton, photo‐Fenton, and H2O2/UV—A comparative study
Authors: Falconi Isabela B. A. , Baltazar Marcela dos P. G. , Espinosa Denise C. R. , Tenório Jorge Alberto S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractReuse of water in mining helps reduce the volume of tailings directed to dams, avoiding overloads and ruptures, as occurred in Brumadinho, Brazil. Water reuse in mining requires treatment mainly for removing the surfactant substances used. Photo‐Fenton and UV/H2O2 showed 96% to 98% degradation results of anionic surfactants within 5 minutes, suggesting this technique is faster than biological systems that can take days. This paper aims to study the degradation of a surfactant used in the flotation process by UV/H2O2, Fenton, and photo‐Fenton oxidation techniques. The compound was characterized by FTIR and MALDI‐TOF. In degradation experiments, the variation in reactants concentrations was evaluated with hydrogen peroxide, iron sulphate heptahydrate, and oxalic acid. We used a synthetic solution of surfactant in the reverse flotation of ore with 180 mg/L. The reaction was monitored with TOC analysis and a spectrophotometer throughout the reaction. The UV/H2O2 and Fenton system were studied by varying peroxide and iron concentrations, with 120 minute tests. Additionally, photo‐Fenton concentrations, the pH variation (1.5‐8.0), temperature (15°C, 21°C, and 60°C), and time were evaluated. The results showed the most efficient degradation was that using photo‐Fenton, which achieved total TOC removal using 4500 mg/L of peroxide and 364 mg/L of iron for 330 minutes, while the UV/H2O2 system achieved 29% and 49% TOC removal of the Fenton. It is verified that the oxidative processes can be applied to degrade the surfactants present in the water recovered from the flotation processes.
Development of an image evaluation method for skin color distribution in facial images and its application: Aging effects and seasonal changes of facial color distribution
Authors: Kikuchi Kumiko , Mizokami Yoko , Egawa Mariko , Yaguchi Hirohisa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this article, we present an evaluation method for the skin color distribution in the face area. Unlike previous methods that extract a specific area, our method subdivides the entire face into small regions and analyzes detailed, per‐frame textures. Our evaluation method for skin color distribution is based on facial feature points and includes segmentation that takes into account the facial skeleton and muscle orientation. The use of facial feature points enables a comparison at relatively equal positions on the face without depending on the shape or size of the individual's face. Our evaluation method is versatile, and as an application, we clarified age‐specific features and seasonal variations of facial color distribution. As a result of applying this evaluation method to the facial images of women aged 20 to 78 years, we confirmed that the lightness of the face decreased as age increased. In particular, the decrease in lightness was remarkable in the region along the cheekbone, from the temple to the center of the cheek. Furthermore, we analyzed the seasonal changes of melanin distribution in the face area. This showed that the melanin index increased particularly in the cheekbone area in the summer when the influence of ultraviolet rays became large. Our novel methodology and the data presented in this article will be useful in various fields, such as dermatology, cosmetics, and computer vision.
Visible‐NIR Photodetectors Based on Low‐Dimensional GeSe Micro‐Crystals: Designed Morphology and Improved Photoresponsivity
Authors: Zhao Feiyu , Luo Xue , Liu Lixiang , Lv Jianhang , Fan Xianping , Qiao Xvsheng , Xu Yang , Kienle Lorenz , Zhang Xianghua , Qian Guodong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGeSe micro‐sheets and micro‐belts have been synthesized by a facile one‐pot wet chemical method in 1‐octadecene solvent and oleic acid solvent, respectively. The adsorption of more oleic acid molecules on the (002) plane promoted growth along [010] direction of the GeSe micro‐belts and limited carrier transport in this direction, resulting in higher carrier concentration and mobility of the GeSe micro‐belts. The performance of the photodetectors based on the single GeSe micro‐sheet and the single GeSe micro‐belt was investigated under illumination at 532 nm, 980 nm and 1319 nm. Both, photodetectors based on a single GeSe micro‐sheet and a single GeSe micro‐belt, exhibit a high photoresponse, short response/recovery times, and long‐term durability. Moreover, the photodetector based on a single GeSe micro‐belt displays a broadband response with a high responsivity (5562 A/W at 532 nm, 1546 A/W at 980 nm) and detectivity (3.01×1012 Jones at 532 nm, 8.38×1011 Jones at 980 nm). These excellent characteristics render single GeSe micro‐belts very interesting for use as highly efficient photodetectors, especially in the NIR region.
Belowground interactions differ between sympatric desert shrubs under water stress
Authors: Zhang Zhengzhong , Shan Lishan , Li Yi , Wang Yang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the relationships among species is central to ecological research; however, many knowledge gaps remain regarding how desert plant species interact. In the present study, we assessed the effect of rainfall on the belowground interactions and root morphology of two desert shrubs, Reaumuria soongorica (Tamaricaceae) and Salsola passerina (Chenopodiaceae), from three communities with similar landforms and soil environments. The roots of both R. soongorica and S. passerina were deeper when grown together than grown singly. Interestingly, the belowground biomass of R. soongorica was higher, but the belowground biomass of S. passerina was lower when grown together than when grown alone. This suggests that S. passerina benefitted from the association with R. soongorica. When grown together under conditions of low rainfall, the roots of R. soongorica were deeper than those of S. passerina, which suggests that R. soongorica is more robust than S. passerina when subjected to periods of decreased rainfall. We concluded that the symbiotic relationship between these two shrub species can lead to deeper roots and that the plants are affected by rainfall availability. Combined with the output results of climate change models, we speculated that the distribution area of these two species will expand to the west, which has important implications on how the interactions of other desert species may change in response to climate variability.
Is your ad hoc model selection strategy affecting your multimodel inference?
Authors: Morin Dana J. , Yackulic Charles B. , Diffendorfer Jay E. , Lesmeister Damon B. , Nielsen Clayton K. , Reid Janice , Schauber Eric M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEcologists routinely fit complex models with multiple parameters of interest, where hundreds or more competing models are plausible. To limit the number of fitted models, ecologists often define a model selection strategy composed of a series of stages in which certain features of a model are compared while other features are held constant. Defining these multi‐stage strategies requires making a series of decisions, which may potentially impact inferences, but have not been critically evaluated. We begin by identifying key features of strategies, introducing descriptive terms when they did not already exist in the literature. Strategies differ in how they define and order model building stages. Sequential‐by‐sub‐model strategies focus on one sub‐model (parameter) at a time with modeling of subsequent sub‐models dependent on the selected sub‐model structures from the previous stages. Secondary candidate set strategies model sub‐models independently and combine the top set of models from each sub‐model for selection in a final stage. Build‐up approaches define stages across sub‐models and increase in complexity at each stage. Strategies also differ in how the top set of models is selected in each stage and whether they use null or more complex sub‐model structures for non‐target sub‐models. We tested the performance of different model selection strategies using four data sets and three model types. For each data set, we determined the "true" distribution of AIC weights by fitting all plausible models. Then, we calculated the number of models that would have been fitted and the portion of "true" AIC weight we recovered under different model selection strategies. Sequential‐by‐sub‐model strategies often performed poorly. Based on our results, we recommend using a build‐up or secondary candidate sets, which were more reliable and carrying all models within 5–10 AIC of the top model forward to subsequent stages. The structure of non‐target sub‐models was less important. Multi‐stage approaches cannot compensate for a lack of critical thought in selecting covariates and building models to represent competing a priori hypotheses. However, even when competing hypotheses for different sub‐models are limited, thousands or more models may be possible so strategies to explore candidate model space reliably and efficiently will be necessary.
Spatial ecology of long‐tailed ducks and white‐winged scoters wintering on Nantucket Shoals
Authors: White Timothy P. , Veit Richard R. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe examine the long‐term co‐occurrence of long‐tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) and white‐winged scoters (Melanitta fusca) wintering at the Nantucket Shoals off Massachusetts, USA, and ask: (1) What oceanographic features attract these aggregations? (2) How are distributions of prey and sea ducks related to one another? and (3) What is the explanation for the spatial association between these two species? A winter concentration of long‐tailed ducks on the order of 3 × 105 birds have been present near Nantucket Island and the Nantucket Shoals since the 1970s, and there is evidence of some concentration there since the late 1800s. Despite the difference in diet, the two duck species overlap in spatial distribution in relation to a prominent tidal front on the west side of Nantucket Shoals where nested swarms of pelagic amphipods and massive clam beds occur in persistent broadscale concentrations. Gammarid amphipods were collected seasonally by bongo tows over 39 yr (1977–2016), and Atlantic surf clams and ocean quahogs were collected by hydraulic dredge over a 34‐yr timescale (1982–2016). Long‐tailed ducks and white‐winged scoters were counted during systematic low‐level aerial surveys. Both long‐tailed ducks and white‐winged scoters associated with amphipod and clam aggregations at similar scales, and tracked amphipod and clam concentrations at larger spatial scales, up to ~30 km. These multi‐scalar nested associations suggest that the sea ducks foraged within a hierarchical patch system structured by the tidal regime, and concentrated in areas of spatially anchored recurring prey, with highest densities in southwest areas. Enhanced concentrations of prey within a relatively narrow zone on Nantucket Shoals provide a predictable food resource to wintering sea ducks whose populations are in decline. As supported by our generalized additive models, we propose that the positive spatial associations among these species are at least partly explained by local enhancement or facilitation, whereby each species of duck derives foraging benefit from noting the location of aggregations of the other. This interaction will be important to the designation of marine protected areas.
Incorporating textual and management factors into financial distress prediction: A comparative study of machine learning methods
Authors: Tang Xiaobo , Li Shixuan , Tan Mingliang , Shi Wenxuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFinancial distress prediction (FDP) has been widely considered as a promising approach to reducing financial losses. While financial information comprises the traditional factors involved in FDP, nonfinancial factors have also been examined in recent studies. In light of this, the purpose of this study is to explore the integrated factors and multiple models that can improve the predictive performance of FDP models. This study proposes an FDP framework to reveal the financial distress features of listed Chinese companies, incorporating financial, management, and textual factors, and evaluating the prediction performance of multiple models in different time spans. To develop this framework, this study employs the wrapper‐based feature selection method to extract valuable features, and then constructs multiple single classifiers, ensemble classifiers, and deep learning models in order to predict financial distress. The experiment results indicate that management and textual factors can supplement traditional financial factors in FDP, especially textual ones. This study also discovers that integrated factors collected 4 years prior to the predicted benchmark year enable a more accurate prediction, and the ensemble classifiers and deep learning models developed can achieve satisfactory FDP performance. This study makes a novel contribution as it expands the predictive factors of financial distress and provides new findings that can have important implications for providing early warning signals of financial risk.
Contribution of CSF biomarkers to early‐onset Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia neuroimaging signatures
Authors: Falgàs Neus , Ruiz‐Peris Mariona , Pérez‐Millan Agnès , Sala‐Llonch Roser , Antonell Anna , Balasa Mircea , Borrego‐Écija Sergi , Ramos‐Campoy Oscar , Augé Josep Maria , Castellví Magdalena , Tort‐Merino Adrià , Olives Jaume , Fernández‐Villullas Guadalupe , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Bargalló Núria , Lladó Albert , Sánchez‐Valle Raquel 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrior studies have described distinct patterns of brain gray matter and white matter alterations in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), as well as differences in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers profiles. We aim to investigate the relationship between early‐onset AD (EOAD) and FTLD structural alterations and CSF biomarker levels. We included 138 subjects (64 EOAD, 26 FTLD, and 48 controls), all of them with a 3T MRI brain scan and CSF biomarkers available (the 42 amino acid‐long form of the amyloid‐beta protein [Aβ42], total‐tau protein [T‐tau], neurofilament light chain [NfL], neurogranin [Ng], and 14‐3‐3 levels). We used FreeSurfer and FSL to obtain cortical thickness (CTh) and fraction anisotropy (FA) maps. We studied group differences in CTh and FA and described the “AD signature” and “FTLD signature.” We tested multiple regression models to find which CSF‐biomarkers better explained each disease neuroimaging signature. CTh and FA maps corresponding to the AD and FTLD signatures were in accordance with previous literature. Multiple regression analyses showed that the biomarkers that better explained CTh values within the AD signature were Aβ and 14‐3‐3; whereas NfL and 14‐3‐3 levels explained CTh values within the FTLD signature. Similarly, NfL levels explained FA values in the FTLD signature. Ng levels were not predictive in any of the models. Biochemical markers contribute differently to structural (CTh and FA) changes typical of AD and FTLD.
c‐Jun NH2‐Terminal Protein Kinase Phosphorylates the Nrf2‐ECH Homology 6 Domain of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2–Related Factor 2 and Downregulates Cytoprotective Genes in Acetaminophen‐Induced Liver Injury in Mice
Authors: Chen Yiping , Liu Kaihua , Zhang Jingwen , Hai Yan , Wang Peng , Wang Hongyan , Liu Qiuyan , Wong Catherine C.L. , Yao Jun , Gao Yang , Liao Yijiao , Tang Xiuwen , Wang Xiu Jun 
Published: January 2020

Background and Aims
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose induces severe liver injury and hepatic failure. While the activation of c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK) has been implicated as a mechanism in APAP‐induced liver injury, the hepatic defense system controlled by nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a central role in the mitigation of APAP toxicity. However, the link between the two signaling pathways in APAP‐induced liver injury (AILI) remains unclear.

Approach and Results
In this study, we demonstrated that the activation of JNK in mouse liver following exposure to APAP was correlated with the phosphorylation of Nrf2 and down‐regulation of the antioxidant response element (ARE)‐driven genes, NAD(P)H:quinone dehydrogenase 1, glutathione S‐transferase α3, glutathione S‐transferase M1, glutathione S‐transferase M5, and aldo‐keto reductase 1C. The JNK inhibitor, SP600125, or knockdown of JNK by infection of adenovirus expressing JNK small interfering RNA, ameliorated the APAP induced liver toxicity, and inhibited the phosphorylation of Nrf2 and down‐regulation of detoxifying enzymes by stabilizing the transcription factor. Mechanistically, JNK antagonized Nrf2‐ and ARE‐driven gene expression in a Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1–independent manner. Biochemical analysis revealed that phosphorylated JNK (P‐JNK) directly interacted with the Nrf2‐ECH homology (Neh) 1 domain of Nrf2 and phosphorylated the serine‐aspartate‐serine motif 1 (SDS1) region in the Neh6 domain of Nrf2.

Conclusions
Mass spectrometric analysis identified serine 335 in the SDS1 region of mNrf2 as the major phosphorylation site for modulation of Nrf2 ubiquitylation by P‐JNK. This study demonstrates that Nrf2 is a target of P‐JNK in AILI. Our finding may provide a strategy for the treatment of AILI.
Comparing different methods for the estimation of interbank intraday yield curves
Authors: Jeleskovic Vahidin , Demertzidis Anastasios 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, we compare three different models, namely, the Nelson–Siegel model (NSM), the Svensson model (SVM), and the Diebold–Li model (DLM), for the estimation of an intraday yield curve on the Italian interbank credit market e‐MID. Using a sample, which spans from October 2005 until March 2010, the first important finding is that all three models are highly suitable for the estimation of an intraday yield curve providing superior empirical results when compared with similar works on e‐MID. The second important finding is that, based on different in‐sample statistics, the SVM dominates the other two models before, during, and after the financial crisis from 2007. Moreover, the NSM seems to dominate the DLM although these differences in goodness‐of‐fit between these two models may not be statistically significant. Our findings are of high practical importance from different perspectives regarding interbank credit markets, including the better understanding of trading processes, the optimization of banks' trading strategies, and monetary policy implications. Finally, our findings can be seen as the starting point for further analyses in this research area.
X‐linked ichthyosis: Molecular findings in four pedigrees with inconspicuous clinical manifestations
Authors: Zhang Min , Huang Hailong , Lin Na , He Shuqiong , An Gang , Wang Yan , Chen Meihuan , Chen Lingji , Lin Yuan , Xu Liangpu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundX‐linked ichthyosis (XLI) is the second most common type of ichthyosis, which is characterized by wide and symmetric distribution of adherent, dry, and polygonal scales on the skin. Steroid sulfatase (STS) gene, which is located at chromosome Xp22.31, has been identified as the pathogenic gene of XLI.MethodsIn this study, chromosome karyotype analysis, bacterial artificial chromosomes‐on‐Beads™ (BoBs) assay, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP‐array) were employed for the prenatal diagnoses in three pregnant women with high‐risk serological screening results and a pregnant woman with mental retardation.ResultsSTS deletion was identified at chromosome Xp22.31 in all four fetuses. Postnatal follow‐up confirmed the diagnosis of ichthyosis in two male fetuses and revealed normal dermatological manifestations in other two female fetuses carrying ichthyosis.ConclusionThe results of the present study demonstrate that a combination of karyotypying, prenatal BoBs, FISH, and SNP‐array may avoid the missed detection of common microdeletions and ensure the accuracy of the detection results, which provides a feasible tool for the reliable etiological diagnosis and better genetic counseling of XLI.