bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activity of Riminophenazines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Review of Studies that Might be Contenders for Use as Antituberculosis Agents
Authors: Bvumbi Mpelegeng Victoria 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTuberculosis is one of the leading cause of death in the world, mainly due to the increasing number of multidrug‐resistant TB (MDR‐TB) and extensively drug‐resistant TB (XDR‐TB) strains. Factors such as the HIV pandemic contribute further. Also, the ineffectiveness of the chemotherapy in current use increases the mortality rate. Therefore, new and repurposed antituberculosis drugs are urgently needed for the treatment of MDR‐TB, and riminophenazines are among those drugs that are being reinvestigated for their potential in the treatment of TB. This review delivers a brief historical account of riminophenazines, their general synthesis, mechanisms of action, and their physicochemical properties. The discussion is limited to those studies that investigated the activity of these compounds as antituberculosis agents. Given their unique properties, this review will be of great significance in giving direction towards the design and development of new riminophenazine analogues.
Randomized trial of cognitive behaviour group therapy and a mindfulness‐based intervention for social anxiety disorder: Preliminary findings
Authors: Koszycki Diana , Guérin Eva , DiMillo Julia , Bradwejn Jacques 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent studies have evaluated the possible efficacy of mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) for social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, few trials have compared MBIs with a first‐line treatment. This study evaluated the relative efficacy of an MBI adapted for SAD (MBI‐SAD) to cognitive behaviour group therapy (CBGT) for SAD. Participants were randomized to 12 weekly group sessions of the MBI‐SAD (n = 52) or CBGT (n = 45). Results revealed that CBGT fared better than the MBI‐SAD in reducing clinician‐ and self‐rated social anxiety severity. The difference between the MBI‐SAD and CBGT exceeded the prespecified noninferiority margin for our primary outcome the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, but findings are inconclusive as the width of the confidence interval extended in both directions surrounding the noninferiority margin. The MBI‐SAD compared favourably with CBGT in improving other indices of well‐being (depression, self‐esteem, satisfaction with life, social adjustment). Contrary to expectation, the MBI‐SAD did not produce greater changes in mindfulness and self‐compassion than CBGT. Overall, results confirm that CBGT is robust treatment for SAD and should be considered as first‐line treatment.
Cytologic features of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm involving liver: A case report and literature review
Authors: Ding Yanna , Yang Jack , Lindsey Kathryn 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBlastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare but clinically aggressive hematologic malignancy, believed to originate from plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) although it possesses multilineage potentials. Due to the dismal prognosis, accurate and rapid diagnosis is critical for early management. The disease usually initially involves skin and bone marrow. Here we report the cytopathologic findings in a case of BPDCN involving the liver in a patient previously diagnosed with BPDCN from skin and lymph node biopsies. The fine‐needle aspiration specimen from the liver lesion demonstrates a hypercellular smear of atypical epithelioid cells dispersed singly or in loose groups. These cells have enlarged, eccentric, round to irregular nuclei with fine chromatin. The agranular gray‐blue cytoplasm shows delicate wispy cytoplasmic extensions and cytoplasmic microvacuoles. Binucleation is common. The concurrent core biopsy shows that the neoplastic plasmacytoid cells with eccentric nuclei were positive for CD4, CD7, CD43, CD56, and CD68, confirming the diagnosis of BPDCN. Mutations of ASXL1 and TET2, classic for BPDCN, and a complex karyotype were detected in skin, bone marrow, and lymph node specimens. We catalog the heterogeneous pathologic features of this rare disease, emphasizing the clinical and histopathological correlation. The differential diagnoses and review of literature are also included. Awareness of this disease and accurate diagnosis are emphasized to aid early management and potentially produce a better clinical outcome.
Metabolic studies of selective androgen receptor modulators RAD140 and S‐23 in horses
Authors: So Yat‐Ming , Wong Jenny K. Y. , Choi Timmy L. S. , Prabhu Anil , Stewart Brian , Farrington Adrian F. , Robinson Paul , Wan Terence S. M. , Ho Emmie N. M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the studies of the in vitro biotransformation of two selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), namely, RAD140 and S‐23, and the in vivo metabolism of RAD140 in horses using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry. in vitro metabolic studies of RAD140 and S‐23 were performed using homogenised horse liver. The more prominent in vitro biotransformation pathways for RAD140 included hydrolysis, hydroxylation, glucuronidation and sulfation. Metabolic pathways for S‐23 were similar to those for other arylpropionamide‐based SARMs. The administration study of RAD140 was carried out using three retired thoroughbred geldings. RAD140 and the majority of the identified in vitro metabolites were detected in post‐administration urine samples. For controlling the misuse of RAD140 in horses, RAD140 and its metabolite in sulfate form gave the longest detection time in hydrolysed urine and could be detected for up to 6 days post‐administration. In plasma, RAD140 itself gave the longest detection time of up to 13 days. Apart from RAD140 glucuronide, the metabolites of RAD140 described herein have never been reported before.
Application of online two‐dimensional high‐performance liquid chromatography as purification procedure to determine the origin of 19‐norandrosterone in urine by gas chromatography–combustion–isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Wen Chao , Zhu Tianshuo , Wang Jingzhu , Liu Xin , Wang Shan , Zhang Yinong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract19‐Norandrosterone (19‐NA) is the main metabolite of nandrolone and/or its precursors, which can be found naturally in human urine in trace amount. Gas chromatography–combustion–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC–C–IRMS) confirmation procedure can be used to identify a potential exogenous origin of 19‐NA in urine sample. Sample purification for GC–C–IRMS analysis is crucial to the whole confirmation procedure because the concentration of 19‐NA in the urine to be tested is very low. Online two‐dimensional high‐performance liquid chromatography (2D–HPLC) clean‐up procedure with high separation capacity is used to isolate and enrich 19‐NA as a sample pretreatment process. Linearity, lowest detectable concentration, uncertainty, and selectivity of the method are validated according to the World Anti‐doping Agency's (WADA) requirement. Isotope fractionation effect was not observed during the 2D‐HPLC purification process. The validated method provides a high efficient and convenient confirmation procedure to determine the origin of 19‐NA.
Growing‐season warming and winter soil freeze/thaw cycles increase transpiration in a northern hardwood forest
Authors: Harrison Jamie L. , Sanders‐DeMott Rebecca , Reinmann Andrew B. , Sorensen Patrick O. , Phillips Nathan G. , Templer Pamela H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractClimate models project higher growing‐season temperatures and a decline in the depth and duration of winter snowpack throughout many north temperate ecosystems over the next century. A smaller snowpack is projected to induce more frequent soil freeze/thaw cycles in winter in northern hardwood forests of the northeastern United States. We measured the combined effects of warmer growing‐season soil temperatures and increased winter freeze/thaw cycles on rates of leaf‐level photosynthesis and transpiration (sap flow) of red maple (Acer rubrum) trees in a northern hardwood forest at the Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire. Soil temperatures were warmed 5°C above ambient temperatures during the growing season and soil freeze/thaw cycles were induced in winter to mimic the projected changes in soil temperature over the next century. Relative to reference plots, growing‐season soil warming increased rates of leaf‐level photosynthesis by up to 85.32 ± 4.33%, but these gains were completely offset by soil freeze/thaw cycles in winter, suggesting that increased freeze/thaw cycles in winter over the next 100 yr will reduce the effect of warming on leaf‐level carbon gains. Soil warming in the growing season increased rates of transpiration per kilopascal of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) by up to 727.39 ± 0.28%, even when trees were exposed to increased frequency of soil freeze/thaw cycles in the previous winter, which could influence regional hydrology in the future. Using climate projections downscaled from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, we project increased rates of whole‐season transpiration in these forests over the next century by 42–61%. We also project 52–77 additional days when daily air temperatures will be above the long‐term average daily maximum during the growing season at Hubbard Brook. Together, these results show that projected changes in climate across both the growing season and winter are likely to cause greater rates of water uptake and have no effect on rates of leaf‐level carbon uptake by trees, with potential ecosystem consequences for hydrology and carbon cycling in northern hardwood forests.
UV‐aided graphene oxide reduction by TiO2 towards TiO2/reduced graphene oxide composites for dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: Madurai Ramakrishnan Venkatraman , N. Muthukumarasamy , Pitchaiya Selvakumar , S. Agilan , Pugazhendhi Arivalagan , Velauthapillai Dhayalan 
Published: August 2020

SummaryElectron transport layer is one of the important layer in the dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) which is responsible for the transport of photo‐generated electrons by the dye to the outer circuit. TiO2 has been widely used as electron transport material in DSSCs. However, improving the electrical conductivity of TiO2 without sacrificing the surface area is one of the important strategies to improve the efficiency of the DSSCs. Here graphene oxide (GO) is added as an additive into the TiO2 network towards the preparation of TiO2/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composites by UV assisted photocatalytic reduction method. The RGO/TiO2 composites with different compositions of RGO were characterized and the performance of DSSCs using the prepared material as photoanode was studied. Furthermore, through the D and G band Raman peaks, the reduction of GO to RGO was confirmed. The optical properties of the prepared material were analyzed using UV‐visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence analysis, respectively. The carrier lifetime of the TiO2 and TiO2/RGO composites was studied using time resolved photoluminescence studies. The high‐resolution transmission electron microscope images of prepared TiO2/RGO composites were found to have sheet‐like structure surrounding the near spherical nanoparticles, which could be attributed to that of RGO and TiO2, respectively. The binding energy states of the prepared material were studied using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra. The incorporation of RGO in TiO2 was found to improve the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of TiO2 and distribution of pores in TiO2 and TiO2/RGO composites was found to be uniform. The DSSCs were fabricated using the prepared TiO2 and TiO2/RGO composites as photoanodes and their power conversion efficiencies were analyzed.
Novel mass‐aggregation‐based calibration of an acoustic method of monitoring bedload flux by infrequent desert flash floods
Authors: Halfi Eran , Paz Dror , Stark Kyle , Yogev Uri , Reid Ian , Dorman Michael , Laronne Jonathan B. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe monitoring of bedload flux under flash flood conditions has been successfully achieved since 1992 using slot samplers in the semiarid Nahal Eshtemoa. In the present study, a surrogate bedload monitoring technique ‐ the Japanese plate microphone ‐ has been deployed and calibrated against data from the slot samplers. Since a slot sampler has a sensitivity threshold that becomes especially important when transport rates are low, different averaging periods should be considered for high and low fluxes. In order to overcome the deficiencies of time‐based aggregation used hitherto, we have developed a new method involving mass aggregation and commensurably variable intervals, thereby enabling a more accurate analysis and optimizing the bedload sampler's capabilities. The data derived with this new method has then been utilized to calibrate the Japanese plate microphone. The Eshtemoa is an ephemeral gravel bed channel with a high proportion of fine gravel (< 0.02 m); for these conditions, acoustic sensors have not been calibrated as yet. Two multiple linear regression models incorporating the effect of median bedload grain size on pulse rate have been established to predict bedload flux and cumulative transported bedload mass. The coefficients in these models are statistically significant. Good predictions are obtained for bedload flux (adj. r2 = 0.83) and for cumulative bedload mass (adj. r2 = 0.98) during flood recession. Overall, the multiple linear regression models, used in conjunction with the mass aggregation method of estimating bedload flux, suggest that field calibration of acoustic devices is feasible under these conditions for ca. 90% of the duration of bedload transport. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TheENUFmethod—Ewald summation based onnonuniformfast Fourier transform: Implementation, parallelization, and application
Authors: Yang Sheng‐Chun , Li Bin , Zhu You‐Liang , Laaksonen Aatto , Wang Yong‐Lei 
Published: August 2020

AbstractComputer simulations of model systems are widely used to explore striking phenomena in promising applications spanning from physics, chemistry, biology, to materials science and engineering. The long range electrostatic interactions between charged particles constitute a prominent factor in determining structures and states of model systems. How to efficiently calculate electrostatic interactions in simulation systems subjected to partial or full periodic boundary conditions has been a grand challenging task. In the past decades, a large variety of computational schemes has been proposed, among which the Ewald summation method is the most reliable route to accurately deal with electrostatic interactions between charged particles in simulation systems. In addition, extensive efforts have been done to improve computational efficiencies of the Ewald summation based methods. Representative examples are approaches based on cutoffs, reaction fields, multi‐poles, multi‐grids, and particle‐mesh schemes. We sketched an ENUF method, an abbreviation for the Ewald summation method based on the nonuniform fast Fourier transform technique, and have implemented this method in particle‐based simulation packages to calculate electrostatic energies and forces at micro‐ and mesoscopic levels. Extensive computational studies of conformational properties of polyelectrolytes, dendrimer‐membrane complexes, and ionic fluids demonstrated that the ENUF method and its derivatives conserve both energy and momentum to floating point accuracy, and exhibit a computational complexity ofwith optimal physical parameters. These ENUF based methods are attractive alternatives in molecular simulations where high accuracy and efficiency of simulation methods are needed to accelerate calculations of electrostatic interactions at extended spatiotemporal scales.
The value of circulating long non‐coding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 as a predictor of higher acute respiratory distress syndrome risk and 28‐day mortality in sepsis patients
Authors: Wu Xiaoling , Chen Dan , Yu Li 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study was to evaluate the potential of long non‐coding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (lncRNA MEG3) in predicting acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) risk and its correlation with prognosis in sepsis patients.MethodsThe plasma samples were obtained from 112 sepsis patients within 24 hours after admission and 100 healthy controls (HCs) at enrollment. The lncRNA MEG3 expression in plasma samples was determined by RT‐qPCR. In sepsis patients, ARDS occurrence was assessed based on Berlin definition of ARDS and 28‐day mortality risk was evaluated.ResultsLncRNA MEG3 expression was increased in sepsis patients compared with HCs. During 28‐day duration, 30 sepsis patients occurred ARDS and 82 sepsis patients did not occur ARDS. LncRNA MEG3 expression was elevated in ARDS sepsis patients compared with non‐ARDS sepsis patients, then the following receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis disclosed that lncRNA MEG3 predicted ARDS risk (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.775), which was further validated as an independent risk factor by multivariate logistic regression. Furthermore, lncRNA MEG3 was positively correlated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory infection, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score, sequential organ failure assessment score, white blood cell, and C‐reactive protein, while negatively correlated with albumin in sepsis patients. Additionally, lncRNA MEG3 was elevated in 28‐day deaths compared with 28‐day survivors, and it predicted 28‐day mortality risk in sepsis patients (AUC = 0.708) by ROC curve analysis.ConclusionLncRNA MEG3 might represent as a valuable biomarker for individualizing prevention strategies against ARDS and improving prognosis in sepsis.
Structure, development, and evolutive patterns of spermatozoa in rhabditid nematodes (Nematoda: Rhabditida)
Authors: Slos Dieter , Yushin Vladimir V. , Claeys Myriam , Ivanova Elena S. , Kosaka Hajime , Bert Wim 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSpermatogenesis of five rhabditid nematodes was studied using transmission electron microscopy and is described herein. Structure and development of nematode sperm in all available representatives of the extensive order Rhabditida have been analysed and the main characteristics of each infraorder are discussed. The ancestral sperm of the order Rhabditida was reconstructed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods based on 44 ultrastructural sperm characters. The hypothetical ancestral spermatogenesis of the order Rhabditida agrees with the previously suggested “rhabditid” pattern and appears to be conserved throughout the order Rhabditida. Despite the enormous variation of rhabditid nematodes, few groups deviate from the ancestral pattern. This conserved pattern can be informative within the phylum Nematoda at order level, but poses limitations when used in taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis within Rhabditida.
Stress shielding at the bone‐implant interface: Influence of surface roughness and of the bone‐implant contact ratio
Authors: Raffa Maria Letizia , Nguyen Vu‐Hieu , Hernigou Philippe , Flouzat‐Lachaniette Charles‐Henri , Haiat Guillaume 
Published: August 2020

AbstractShort and long‐term stabilities of cementless implants are strongly determined by the interfacial load transfer between implants and bone tissue. Stress‐shielding effects arise from shear stresses due to the difference of material properties between bone and the implant. It remains difficult to measure the stress field in periprosthetic bone tissue. This study proposes to investigate the dependence of the stress field in periprosthetic bone tissue on (i) the implant surface roughness, (ii) the material properties of bone and of the implant, (iii) the bone‐implant contact ratio. To do so, a microscale two‐dimensional finite element model of an osseointegrated bone‐implant interface was developed where the surface roughness was modeled by a sinusoidal surface. The results show that the isostatic pressure is not affected by the presence of the bone‐implant interface while shear stresses arise due to the combined effects of a geometrical singularity (for low surface roughness) and of shear stresses at the bone‐implant interface (for high surface roughness). Stress‐shielding effects are likely to be more important when the bone‐implant contact ratio value is low, which corresponds to a case of relatively low implant stability. Shear stress reach a maximum value at a distance from the interface comprised between 0 and 0.1 time roughness wavelength λ and tend to 0 at a distance from the implant surface higher than λ, independently from bone‐implant contact ratio and waviness ratio. A comparison with an analytical model allows validating the numerical results. Future work should use the present approach to model osseointegration phenomena.
Barriers and facilitators systematic reviews in health: A methodological review and recommendations for reviewers
Authors: Bach‐Mortensen Anders Malthe , Verboom Ben 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundSystematic reviews cataloguing the barriers to and facilitators of various outcomes are increasingly popular, despite criticisms of this type of review on philosophical, methodological, and practical grounds. The aims of this review are to appraise, analyze, and discuss the reporting and synthesis practices used in recently published barriers and facilitators reviews in health services research.MethodsAll English‐language peer‐reviewed systematic reviews that synthesized research on barriers and facilitators in a health services context were eligible for inclusion. We searched 11 databases over a 13‐month period (1 November 2017‐30 November 2018) using an exhaustive list of search terms for “barrier(s),” “facilitator(s),” and “systematic review.”ResultsOne hundred reviews were included. We found a high degree of variation in the synthesis practices used in these reviews, with the majority employing aggregative (rather than interpretive) approaches. The findings echo common critiques of this review type, including concerns about the reduction of complex phenomena to simplified, discrete factors. Although several reviews highlighted the “complexity” of barriers and facilitators, this was usually not analyzed systematically. Analysis of the subsample of reviews that explicitly discussed the barriers and facilitators approach revealed some common issues. These tended to be either conceptual/definitional (eg, ideas about interrelationships and overlap between factors) and methodological/practical (eg, challenges related to aggregating heterogeneous research).ConclusionBarriers and facilitators reviews should (a) clearly operationally define “barrier” and “facilitator,” (b) explicitly describe how factors are extracted and subsequently synthesized, and (c) provide critical reflection on the contextual variability and reliability of identified factors.