bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thoracic caudal epidural catheter localization using ultrasound guidance
Authors: Bachman Sarah A. , Taenzer Andreas H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractCaudal epidural catheters provide exceptional analgesia while avoiding or minimizing opioids. Historically, the catheter tip location (dermatomal level) was estimated or verified via epidurogram. According to the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Database, the majority of caudal‐to‐thoracic epidural catheters are placed without imaging guidance or verification of the position of the catheter tip. Ponde et al demonstrated that catheter insertion depth was longer when using ultrasound guidance than when estimated by external measurement. We report a simple yet novel ultrasound approach for catheter localization.
Nurses’ activities and time management during home healthcare visits
Authors: Vaartio‐Rajalin Heli , Näsman Yvonne , Fagerström Lisbeth 
Published: December 2019

AimTo describe nurses’ activities and time management during HHC visits from the perspective of master’s‐level nursing students.BackgroundThe shift from community‐based hospitals to home‐based, person‐centred services for patients with a variety of acute or chronic health problems challenges nurses’ professional competence and time management during home healthcare visits.Design and methodsA cross‐sectional study in accordance with STROBE guidelines. Observation sheets (n = 196) from two municipal home healthcare organisations were analysed with descriptive quantitative analysis.Ethical issues and approvalWhile no external ethical committee evaluation was necessary for this quality improvement study, research ethical principles were followed.ResultsThe nurses spent 50% of each eight‐hour shift on indirect patient contact activities and about 38% on direct patient contact activities. The majority of activities underlying the home visits could be linked to long‐term illnesses: medication (57%), blood samples (23%), wound care (17%) or measurement of blood pressure (14%). Patient education was offered during only 3.5% of visits.LimitationsThe accuracy of the students’ observations is related to their individual capacity to objectively and selectively observe.ConclusionsThere were a number of activities conducted for the patient, to promote continuous intra‐ and interprofessional patient care, but fewer nursing activities conducted with the patient. To ensure integrated, person‐centred, safe patient care, vital reforms are needed.Relevance to clinical practiceThe appropriate balance between indirect and direct patient contact activities should be discussed intra‐ and interprofessionally, delineated and made explicit in nurses’ work plans and nursing documentation, alongside discussions pertaining to relevant resource allocation.
Reproductive justice for the invisible infertile: A critical examination of reproductive surveillance and stratification
Authors: Barnes Liberty , Fledderjohann Jasmine 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe ability to decide if, when, and how often to reproduce is a human right and a biomedical and sociopolitical goal. Infertility impinges upon this right by restricting the ability of individuals and couples to meet their reproductive desires. While biomedical interventions to address infertility have proliferated recently, their distribution has been inequitable; inequalities in rates of infertility, infertility‐specific distress, and access to reproductive healthcare to address infertility abound. Using a reproductive justice framework, and focusing on the United States, we examine the collection and utilization of the Integrated Fertility Survey Series, the inception and provisions of Title X, and the structural limitations of the private healthcare system. This analysis highlights systematic and linked exclusions of marginalized groups from reproductive health surveillance and the public and private provision of reproductive healthcare, including older, non‐white, working class, LGBTQ, geographically remote, less educated, HIV‐positive, institutionalized, and disabled individuals. Individuals who are excluded from infertility tracking, services, and treatment—the invisible infertile—are limited in their ability to realize their human right to reproductive health. Utilizing existing resources in public and private clinical spaces may be a useful starting point for addressing these disparities, but a broader commitment to equitable and inclusive surveillance and healthcare provision is also needed.
Understanding STEM‐focused elementary schools: Case study of Walter Bracken STEAM Academy
Authors: Peters‐Burton Erin E. , House Ann , Peters Vanessa , Remold Julie 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIncreasingly, STEM focused high schools are used prepare students for college STEM majors and launch them into STEM careers. Yet a new focus on STEM education at the elementary levels suggests that the importance of STEM education is much broader than a preparation for workforce needs in high school or college. This paper describes a case study designed to articulate the mission and design of an effective and nationally recognized STEM‐focused elementary school. As described through the six most impactful components of STEM‐focused elementary school design at Walter Bracken STEAM Academy, the case study emphasizes the school's strong and inclusive school leadership, with staff organized into grade level groups empowered to innovate and honing their teaching practices. External partnerships are leveraged to broaden student learning opportunities. Students at Bracken engage in active learning opportunities and multidisciplinary lessons where STEM is used as a way of thinking and as a way to coherently combine content into active learning opportunities that are engaging for learners. By organizing the structural components of an exemplary STEM‐focused elementary school, we hope to deliver actionable reforms for elementary schools wanting to increase their STEM‐focused offerings.
Representing scientific activity: Affordances and constraints of central design and enactment features of a model‐based inquiry unit
Authors: Campbell Todd , Gray Ron , Fazio Xavier 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis research explores how explaining an anchoring phenomena and engaging students in investigations, as central designs of a model‐based inquiry (MBI) unit, afforded or constrained the representation of scientific activity in the science classroom. This research is considered timely as recent standards documents and scholars in the field have highlighted the significance of identifying what features of scientific activity are important and how these can be represented for students in classrooms. Through taking advantage of qualitative research methods to closely examine the enactment of an MBI unit, both affordances and constraints were identified for each design. More specifically, explaining an anchoring phenomenon provided a context for more authentically framing the work of students, while investigations afforded students insight into the role these play in the refinement of models. Further, the teacher's attempts to support student reasoning and, at times, reasoning for students when they were found struggling were the most salient constraints identified connected to explaining an anchoring phenomenon and engaging students in investigations.
Positron interactions with nitrogen and oxygen molecules: elastic, inelastic and total cross sections
Authors: Ellis-Gibbings Lilian , Blanco Francisco , García Gustavo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Positron scattering cross sections, used for modelling particle transport in various media, are difficult to gather experimentally. As such, various cross section calculation methods have been developed to varying accuracy. The IAM-SCAR+I method has been improved upon recently to fulfil the optical theorem and the results for two important simple molecules, N2 and O2, are presented here. These results are compared to literature and our findings are comparable in most impact energy ranges.

Graphical abstract
Fichas clínicas simuladas en kinesiología
Authors: Contreras Briceño Felipe Andrés , Rojas Muñoz Cynthia Teresa , Passalacqua Rubio Jaime , García Valdés Patricio , Espinosa Ramírez Maximiliano , López Fuenzalida Antonio , Fuentes Cimma Javiera , Gabrielli Nervi Luigi Arnaldo 
Published: December 2019

Introducción: la normativa actual de docencia clínica regula el desarrollo de actividades curriculares disminuyendo el tiempo de contacto estudiante-paciente, requiriendo entre otras destrezas del estudiante la lectura eficiente de información clínica. La simulación permite desarrollar competencias clínicas en los estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la experiencia de talleres de fichas clínicas simuladas (FCS) en estudiantes curriculares y reportar indicadores de logro de objetivos de aprendizaje relacionados al reconocimiento de las partes de la ficha clínica e identificación y extracción de información relevante. Metodología: en una asignatura de carácter mínimo previo al encuentro de estudiantes con pacientes reales, se desarrollaron cuatro talleres de FCS en grupo pequeño. Un académico guió la actividad consistente en responder cuestionarios de ubicación de información presente en las FCS. Al finalizar la asignatura, se evaluó la percepción de la didáctica educativa y logro de objetivos de aprendizaje en tutores clínicos y estudiantes mediante encuesta. Resultados: los estudiantes reportaron alta satisfacción con la metodología, facilidad para extraer información relevante y mayor tiempo de contacto clínico con pacientes reales. Los tutores clínicos informaron que los estudiantes logran reconocer las partes de la ficha clínica. Ambos consideran que el tiempo ideal para lectura de ficha clínica es de 10 a 20 minutos.Conclusión: la incorporación de talleres de fichas clínicas simuladas desarrolló habilidades clínicas de reconocimiento de las partes que componen la ficha clínica, optimizando el tiempo necesario para identificar y extraer información relevante a diferentes escenarios clínicos.
A New Approach Is Needed to Evaluate 24‐Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion Using Spot Urines: A Validation Study in a Chinese Child Population
Authors: Peng Yaguang , Zhang Ying , Li Kun , Liu Lili , Zhang Shuhua , Peng Xiaoxia 
Published: December 2019

Background

Accurate assessments of sodium intake in children are important for the early prevention of cardiovascular disease. There is currently no accurate simple and feasible sodium intake approach for children. This study intends to validate the accuracy of 24‐hour urinary sodium excretion (
UN
aV) estimation in children using 3 common formulas: the Kawasaki,
INTERSALT
(International Cooperative Study on Salt, Other Factors, and Blood Pressure), and Tanaka formulas.

Methods and Results

A hospital‐based child population in China was enrolled in the study and completed 24‐hour urine sample collection. Concentrations of sodium, potassium, and creatinine in 24‐hour urine and spot urine samples were measured. Mean difference as well as absolute and relative differences and misclassification between estimation and measurement of
UN
aV with 3 commonly used formulas were compared and analyzed. A total of 129 participants aged 5 to 16 years were eligible for analysis. Mean measured
UN
aV was 2694.9 mg/day. Mean differences between estimated and measured
UN
aV by the Kawasaki,
INTERSALT
, and Tanaka formulas were 2367.6, 26.4, and 258.8 mg/day, respectively. Proportions of relative differences of over 40% for the Kawasaki,
INTERSALT
, and Tanaka formulas were 79.8%, 34.9%, and 38.5%, respectively. Misclassification rates were 73.1% for Kawasaki, 69.0% for
INTERSALT
, and 62.4% for Tanaka at the individual level.

Conclusions

The results from our study do not support estimation of
UN
aV for children by the Kawasaki,
INTERSALT
, and Tanaka formulas using single spot urine samples because of the potential risk for misclassification at the individual level.
The Admissibility of Evidence Obtained through Human Rights Violations in Ghana: Analysing Cubagee v Asare and Others (NO. J6/04/2017) [2018] GHASC 14 (28 February 2018)
Authors: Mujuzi Jamil Ddamulira 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The Constitution of Ghana, unlike those of other African countries such as Zimbabwe, Kenya, and South Africa is silent on the issue of the admissibility of evidence obtained through human rights violations. Jurisprudence from Ghana demonstrates that although there had been cases in which the High Court and the Court of Appeal briefly dealt with this type of evidence, the Supreme Court, the highest court in Ghana, had not expressed an opinion on this issue until recently. In February 2018, in the case of Cubagee v Asare and Others, the Supreme Court laid down the criteria that Ghanaian courts have to use in determining the admissibility of evidence obtained through human rights violations. In this article, the author argues that much as this is an important decision, the Supreme Court left some issues unresolved and there is still room for improvement.
Glosse d’epoca paleologa alle odi di Pindaro. Due casi di studio: Pyth. I–IV e Ol. XII
Authors: Giannachi Francesco G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper deals with the linguistic typology and the manuscript tradition of the interlinear glosses to the Pindaric victory odes, and demonstrates that some glosses to Pindar’s Pythian odes (1–4) can be ascribed to Magister.
A Byzantine Comprehensive Textbook: Moschopoulos’ Περὶ σχεδῶν
Authors: Nousia Fevronia 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Manuel Moschopoulos’ Peri schedon, one of the most popular grammatical manuals in Byzantium and beyond, represents a comprehensive textbook composed with a broader scope in mind, namely to cover not only the teaching of grammar but also poetry and rhetoric.
Spettacoli tardoantichi: documenti noti e recenti
Authors: Tedeschi Gennaro 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The paper combines the rich information on the different forms of theatre in Late Antiquity, collecting it from Byzantine literary texts, papyri and contemporary archaeological sources. The author pays particular attention to the religious and social context in which traditional forms of theatre, such as tragedy and comedy, and new forms of entertaining shows, such as mime and pantomime, have developed.
From the “Russian Spring” to the Armed Insurrection: Russia, Ukraine and Political Communities in the Donbas and Southern Ukraine
Authors: Melnyk Oleksandr 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The article is a study of anti-government mobilization in the cities of southern and eastern Ukraine in spring 2014. By closely examining the developments that preceded the outbreak of the armed insurrection in the Donbas, the study seeks to elucidate the various factors that precipitated the veritable collapse of the Ukrainian state in parts of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions and its stabilization elsewhere. The article argues that the armed conflict in the Donbas was hardly a predetermined outcome of the Russian government strategy—which was employed also outside the Donbas—but rather a product of a synergetic confluence of several structural and conjunctural factors that were absent or present to a much smaller degree elsewhere. These included the peculiar political and ethno-cultural profile of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts; a higher degree of the legitimacy crisis of the interim government; the destabilizing effects of the status quo created by the victory of the Euromaidan—not only in terms of the change of Ukraine’s geopolitical orientation and Russia’s apparently compromised interests, but also in terms of the perceived change of status of different ethno-political communities; the proximity of the Russian border, trans-border ethnic politics, and the activities of nationalist groups from Russia; the residual influence of the once-powerful networks associated with clients of the former president Viktor Yanukovych; the relative weakness of organized pro-Ukrainian groups; and last but not least, the incremental collapse of the law enforcement apparatus, which drastically reduced the capacity of Ukrainian authorities.
Concessionnaires et sous-traitants : Les intermédiaires chinois dans l’organisation du travail immigré en Malaisie, du début du XVIIIe au début du XXe siècle
Authors: Guerassimoff Éric 
Published: December 2019

Résumé
Les formes de rémunération du travail immigré chinois dans le monde colonial sont très diversifiées. Elles ne peuvent être réduites à celles de l’indentured labor. Cette contribution se propose de mettre en lumière quelques-unes de ces formes, en étudiant une organisation qui combine travail à forfait et salariat, rémunération à la pièce et au rendement. Elle émerge au Sud de la Malaysia actuelle, dans l’archipel de Riau, au début du XVIIIe s., puis se déplace vers le Nord et connait une forme d’institutionnalisation lorsqu’elle atteint le Johor, au milieu du siècle suivant, avant de disparaître en 1919. Un entrepreneur, appelé le kangchu, presque toujours chinois, intermédiaire entre le travail et ses financiers chinois à Singapour ainsi qu’entre les cultivateurs et la tutelle administrative malaise, est la cheville ouvrière d’une organisation de la production agricole dont il garantit une forme de fluidité, idéale aux yeux de ses compatriotes immigrés, venus dans la région dans le but de repartir au pays le plus vite possible.
The Umma in Italy: Eurocentric Pluralism, Local Legislation, Courts’ Decisions. How to Make the Right to Worship Real
Authors: Anello Giancarlo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The article describes the making of the right of worship of Muslim minorities in Europe and its current difficulties, presenting and commenting on the emblematic example of local legislation concerning the building of new mosques in northern Italy. Controlling norms arise from recent decisions of the Italian Constitutional Court. The Court declared unconstitutional certain provisions of two regional laws approved by the Lombardy region (2/2015) and the Veneto region (12/2016), which imposed very strict conditions for the opening, approval and use of mosques. In particular, the Court declared unconstitutional norms that—with regard to the building of places of worship—introduced certain conditions for groups with an agreement with the State and different conditions for those without. Moreover, the Court declared unconstitutional the principle that all religious services that take place in a building open to public should be conducted in Italian. The basic assumption of the article is that current discrimination is the combined result of anti-migration sentiment and Islamophobic prejudices, and the consequence of the Eurocentric nature of the principle of religious freedom. A historically-oriented pluralism and multilevel (national) enforcement of freedom of religion seem to be huge obstacles to the implementation of the right to worship for Muslims in Europe and Italy.
“Mubārakshāh the Logician”
Authors: El-Rouayheb Khaled 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A scholar known as “Mubārakshāh” features in sources from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries as a teacher of a number of prominent early Ottoman scholars, and of the influential Persian scholar al-Sayyid al-Sharīf al-Jurjānī (d. 816/1413). According to these sources, Mubārakshāh taught in Cairo in the mid- to late fourteenth century. Yet, despite the large number of Mamluk historical works covering this period, the precise identity of this scholar has so far proven elusive. The present article reviews the evidence and makes an identification that, though circumstantial, may be more satisfying than those that have been offered so far. It suggests that “Mubārakshāh” was a nickname, and that he can plausibly be identified with Maḥmūd b. Quṭlūshāh al-Sarāʾī, who taught in Cairo from 1358 until his death in 1373.
(De-)Limiting the Universal: Engaging with Arabic in Muslim Tamil Poetry
Authors: Tschacher Torsten 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article explores how the encounter of Arabic with Tamil discourses on language limited as well as enabled a particular instantiation of Islamic discourse. It argues that, rather than allowing a hyperglossic extension of Arabic grammatical and poetical discourses to Tamil, Muslim Tamil poets clearly demarcated the respective domains of Tamil and Arabic grammar, thereby making each relevant only to the language it originally defined. The prime space of interaction between the two languages was afforded by Arabic vocabulary, as Tamil grammar implicitly permitted the utilization of Arabic words in Tamil poetry. The equalization of the two languages in the realms of grammar and poetics was, however, threatened both by Arabic’s simultaneous status as a divine language and by the porousness of the boundary between the two languages occasioned by ignorance of the system of equivalences created through learned discourse.
A Shared Set of Solecisms: the Mamlūk and Ottoman Reception of al-Ḥarīrī’s Durrat al-ghawwāṣ
Authors: Lindermann Colinda 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThis article aims to highlight sociolinguistic aspects of an Arabic text from the sixth/twelfth century, its reception, and the commentaries on it. Soon after its publication, the linguistic treatise Durrat al-ghawwāṣ fī awhām al-khawāṣṣ by al-Ḥarīrī (d. 516/1122) became a model for discussing the subject of laḥn (solecism) in Arabic, and remained so throughout the following centuries. Rather than attributing this to fixed practices of premodern commentary culture, the article seeks to explain the scholars’ lively and nuanced engagement with Durrat al-ghawwāṣ by focusing on their identification with the social group of the khāṣṣa, which distinguishes itself through language mastery, and by connecting the interest in linguistic treatises to sociocultural developments in the Arab-Islamic realm during the Mamlūk and Ottoman periods.
The Police Mobile Unit
Authors: Mocheregwa Bafumiki 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article examines the local and regional contexts surrounding the creation and evolution of the Police Mobile Unit (PMU), Bechuanaland’s (Botswana today) paramilitary unit that was created in 1963 to contain internal riots. After Botswana’s independence in 1966, the PMU acted as a quasi-military because the country had no armed force to preform those duties. This was because from the mid-1960s, Southern Africa was marred with bloodshed due to armed struggles in Rhodesia, South Africa among others. Botswana then became a safe haven for fleeing guerrillas who would enter the country illegally. Being the only line of defence, the PMU was quickly militarised and tasked with patrolling Botswana’s borders in order to arrest those guerrillas and possibly avoid being attacked by security forces of both Rhodesia and South Africa. This however did not work as planned because the PMU was simply too small and ill equipped for the task.
From Madrasa to College: The Islamic Influence in the Birth of the Christian Foundation
Authors: Adam Thomas 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article explores the origins of the foundation in Christian Europe. When in 1264 Walter de Merton founded Merton College in Oxford, he broke with established tradition in that he did not entrust his gift to an existing religious order but instead created with Merton College a new legal body that was endowed with self-management and self-government. Up until the creation of Merton College, Christian donors customarily gave their gifts to the Catholic Church or an institution of the Church (monastery or religious order) thereby creating endowments that were administered by the Church. Merton decided against this tradition. Since there was no model within Christian Europe for this new kind of institution (foundation), scholars have long suggested that Merton took inspiration from the Islamic waqf in the creation of his foundation. This article will deepen this explanation by exploring the transition from creating endowments to creating foundations in medieval Europe.