bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visual Orbits of Spectroscopic Binaries with the CHARA Array. III. HD 8374 and HD 24546
Authors: Lester Kathryn V. , Fekel Francis C. , Muterspaugh Matthew , Gies Douglas R. , Schaefer Gail H. , Farrington Christopher D. , Guo Zhao , Matson Rachel A. , Monnier John D. , ten Brummelaar Theo , Sturmann Judit , Weiss Samuel A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We present the visual orbits of two long-period spectroscopic binary stars, HD 8374 and HD 24546, using interferometric observations acquired with the CHARA Array and the Palomar Testbed Interferometer. We also obtained new radial velocities from echelle spectra using the APO 3.5 m and Fairborn 2.0 m telescopes. By combining the visual and spectroscopic observations, we solve for the full, three-dimensional orbits and determine the stellar masses and distances to within 3% uncertainty. We then estimate the effective temperature and radius of each component star through Doppler tomography and spectral energy distribution analyses, in order to compare the observed stellar parameters to the predictions of stellar evolution models. For HD 8374, we find masses of M
1 = 1.636 ± 0.050M
⊙ and M
2 = 1.587 ± 0.049M
⊙, radii of R
1 = 1.84 ± 0.05R
⊙ and R
2 = 1.66 ± 0.12R
⊙, temperatures of

K and

K, and an estimated age of 1.0 Gyr. For HD 24546, we find masses of M
1 = 1.434 ± 0.014M
⊙ and M
2 = 1.409 ± 0.014M
⊙, radii of R
1 = 1.67 ± 0.06R
⊙ and R
2 = 1.60 ± 0.10R
⊙, temperatures of

K and

K, and an estimated age of 1.4 Gyr. HD 24546 is therefore too old to be a member of the Hyades cluster, despite its physical proximity to the group.
A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). III. Discovery of a z = 4.72 Radio Galaxy with the Lyman Break Technique
Authors: Yamashita Takuji , Nagao Tohru , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Toba Yoshiki , Kajisawa Masaru , Ono Yoshiaki , Tanaka Masayuki , Akiyama Masayuki , Harikane Yuichi , Ichikawa Kohei , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Kawamuro Taiki , Kohno Kotaro , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Lee Kianhong , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Niida Mana , Ogura Kazuyuki , Onoue Masafusa , Uchiyama Hisakazu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We report a discovery of a z = 4.72 radio galaxy, HSC J083913.17+011308.1, using the Lyman break technique with the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Survey (HSC-SSP) catalog for Very Large Array Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty centimeter radio sources. The number of known high-z radio galaxies (HzRGs) at z > 3 is quite small to constrain the evolution of HzRGs so far. The deep and wide-area optical survey by HSC-SSP enables us to apply the Lyman break technique to a large search for HzRGs. For an HzRG candidate among pre-selected r-band dropouts with a radio detection, a follow-up optical spectroscopy with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrographs (GMOS)/Gemini has been performed. The obtained spectrum presents a clear Lyα emission line redshifted to z = 4.72. The spectral energy distribution fitting analysis with the rest-frame UV and optical photometries suggests the massive nature of this HzRG with

. The small equivalent width of Lyα and the moderately red UV colors indicate its dusty host galaxy, implying a chemically evolved and dusty system. The radio spectral index does not meet a criterion for an ultra-steep spectrum,

of −1.1 and

of −0.9, demonstrating that the HSC-SSP survey compensates for a subpopulation of HzRGs that are missed in surveys focusing on an ultra-steep spectral index.
Velocity Gradient in the Presence of Self-gravity: Identifying Gravity-induced Inflow and Determining Collapsing Stage
Authors: Hu Yue , Lazarian A. , Yuen Ka Ho 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Understanding how star formation is regulated requires studying the energy balance between turbulence, magnetic fields, stellar feedback, and gravity within molecular clouds. However, identifying the transition region where the gravity takes over remains elusive. Recent studies of the Velocity Gradient Technique (VGT), which is an advanced tool for magnetic field studies, reveal that the gradients of spectroscopic observables change their directions by 90° with respect to the magnetic fields in the regions of gravitational collapse. In this study, we perform 3D MHD numerical simulations. We observe that star formation successfully proceeds in strongly magnetized and fully ionized media. We confirm that the self-gravity induces the change of gradients’ orientation and gradients’ high amplitude. We explore two ways of identifying collapsing self-gravitating regions through the double-peak feature in the histogram of gradients’ orientation and the curvature of gradients. We show that velocity gradients’ morphology and amplitude can be synthetically used to trace the convergent inflows. By comparing with the column density Probability Density Functions method, we show that VGT is a powerful new tool for studying the gas dynamics and tracing magnetic field in star-forming regions. By analogy with VGT, we extend the Intensity Gradient Technique (IGT) to locate the gravitational collapsing region and shocks. We demonstrate that the synergy of VGT and IGT can determine the collapsing stages in a star-forming region.
Histoire et philosophie des mathématiques chez Pierre de la Ramée
Authors: Loget François 
Published: July 2020

L’œuvre mathématique de La Ramée est constituée d’ouvrages publiés tout au long de sa carrière. Les éditions abrégées des Éléments d'Euclide, ses manuels d’arithmétique et de géométrie plusieurs fois remaniés, un court traité d’algèbre ainsi que les Scholae mathematicae de 1569 sont autant d’ouvrages dans lequels il met en œuvre une réforme des mathématiques héritées et de leur enseignement. Des justifications de cette réforme apparaissent dans les trois livres d’un Prooemium mathematicum portant sur l’histoire des mathématiques, la défense de leur « utilité » et une critique sévère de l’exposé euclidien. Pour autant, l’œuvre mathématique de La Ramée ne doit pas être mise à part de l’œuvre philosophique qu’il élabore par ailleurs. Dans cet article, je m’efforce de le montrer en m’interrogeant d’abord sur les raisons qui ont poussé La Ramée à se tourner, au début de sa carrière, vers les mathématiques ; l’examen du livre I du Prooemium mathematicum me permet ensuite d’examiner le rôle que jouent Platon, Aristote et Euclide dans son histoire des mathématiques. Finalement, je suis amené, en abordant la critique raméenne de l’ « abstraction » pythagoricienne, à chercher dans les éditions de la Dialectica et les Scholae in liberales artes les éléments d’une « philosophie des mathématiques » – conception originale de la nature des objets mathématiques et de la façon dont on accède à leur connaissance – qui offre une certaine lumière sur la réforme des mathématiques qu’entreprend La Ramée.
Network Meta-analysis of No-History Methods to Calculate Intraocular Lens Power in Eyes With Previous Myopic Laser Refractive Surgery
Authors: Wen Daizong , Yu Jinjin , Zeng Zhenhai , McAlinden Colm , Hu Liang , Feng Ke , Wang Yiran , Song Benhao , Chen Sisi , Ning Rui , Jin Yili , Wang Qinmei , Yu A-Yong , Huang Jinhai 
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE:
To systematically compare and rank the predictability of no-history intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation methods after myopic laser refractive surgery.

METHODS:

PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the U.S. trial registry (
www.ClinicalTrial.gov
) were used to systematically search trials published up to August 2019. Included were case series studies reporting the following outcomes in patients with cataract undergoing phacoemulsification after laser refractive surgery: percentage of eyes with a refractive prediction error (PE) within ±0.50 and ±1.00 diopters (D), mean absolute error (MAE), and median absolute error (MedAE). A network meta-analysis was conducted using the STATA software version 13.1 (STATACorp LLC).

RESULTS:
Nineteen studies involving 1,098 eyes and 19 formulas were identified. A network meta-analysis for the percentage of eyes with a PE within ±0.50 D found that ray-tracing (Okulix), intraoperative aberrometry (Optiwave Refractive Analysis [ORA]), BESSt, and Seitz/Speicher/Savini (Triple-S) (D-K SRK/T), and Fourier-Domain OCT-Based formulas were more predictive than the Wang/Koch/Maloney, Shammas-PL, modified Rosa, Ferrara, and Equivalent K reading at 4.5 mm using the Double-K Holladay 1 formulas. With regard to ranking, the top four formulas as per the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values for the percentage of eyes with a PE within ±0.50 D were the Okulix, ORA, BESSt, and Triple-S (D-K SRK/T). With regard to MAE, the ORA showed lower errors when compared to the Shammas-PL formula. In this regard, the top four formulas based on the SUCRA values were the Triple-S, BESSt, ORA, and Fourier-Domain OCT-Based formulas. The SToP (SRK/T), ORA, Fourier-Domain OCT-Based, and BESSt formulas had the lowest MedAE.

CONCLUSIONS:
Considering all three outcome measures of highest percentages of eyes with a PE within ±0.50 and ±1.00 D, lowest MAE, and lowest MedAE, the top three no-history formulas for IOL power calculation in eyes with previous myopic corneal laser refractive surgery were: ORA, BESSt, and Triple-S (D-K SRK/T).

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(7):481–490.]
Cu(OAc)2 as a green promoter for one-pot synthesis of 2-amino-4,6-diarylpyridine- 3-carbonitrile as antibacterial agents
Authors: Mirjalili Bi Bi Fatemeh , Khabnadideh Soghra , Gholami Ahmad , Zamani Leila , Zamani Leila , Nezamalhosseini Seyed Mohammad , Kalantari Nematallah 
Published: July 2020

The extensive use of antimicrobial drugs and their resistance against bacterial infections have led to discover new antimicrobial compounds. In this study, we wish to report, one-pot synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine derivatives (1a-14a). These compounds were synthesized in the presence of Cu(OAc)2 as a highly effective heterogeneous acid catalyst. Here we evaluated the antimicrobial activities of these compounds against different species of microorganisms including gram positive and gram negative bacteria as well as fungi. Standard antimicrobial methods include disc diffusion and Broth microdilution method according to the protocol of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine derivatives were done via reaction of aromatic aldehydes, acetophenone derivatives, malononitrile and ammonium acetate in the presence of Cu(OAc)2 under reflux condition. The results show compound 2-amino-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-phenylnicotinonitrile (10a) had the best antimicrobial efficacy toward C. albicans, E. faecalis, P. aeroginosa and E. coli. In conclusion, comparing the structure and activity of the compounds (10a), this compound with the presence of Cl residue at para-position of phenyl ring improves the antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(1), 149-156.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i1.14
Storage Temperature Influences Postharvest Quality of Wild Plum <i>(Ximmenia Americana L.)</i> Fruit
Authors: Emongor V. E. , Ramagonono G. 
Published: July 2020

Wild plum has many medicinal, therapeutic and nutritive uses, but its fruits are collected in the wild and less researched. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of storage tem­perature on postharvest fruit quality of wild plum. The fruits of wild plum were subjected to different storage treatments at 0, 5, 10 and 15 ± 1°C in a completely randomized design. The results showed that as storage temperature decreased below 15°C, the incidence and severity of chilling injury significantly (p<0.05) increased. As storage temperature increased from 0 to 15°C fruit titratable acidity (TTA) and vitamin C content significantly (p< 0.05) decreased, but juice pH, soluble solids content (SSC) and weight loss significantly (p< 0.05) increased. The decrease in TTA and vitamin C content, and increase in SSC and juice pH was attributed to fruit ripening. The increase in fruit weight loss was attributed to higher transpiration and respiration. It was concluded that to extend the storage-life and marketing period of wild plum fruits, the fruits should be stored at 15°C and 90-95% RH.
Keywords: Ximenia americana, Chilling injury and incidence, Vitamin C, Soluble solids content, Acidity
Prevalence of <i>Giardia species</i> in Cattle Faecal Matter in Selected Farms in Weija and Kpong Major Water Supply Heads to Accra, Ghana.
Authors: Mensah G. T. , Annang A. K. , Ayeh-Kumi P. F. , Oppong J. A. , Niampoma S. 
Published: July 2020

In developing countries including Ghana, giardiasis plays a major role in gastroenteritis in vertebrate. It poses health and socio-economic burden, and continues to be one of the causes of infant and calf mortality. Their infection continues to thrive in humans due to the zoonotic transmission of infected domesticated animals including cattle, dogs and cats, and their con­tinual presence in water bodies. The objective of this study was to establish their presence and evaluate the prevalence of Giardia sp. in cattle faecal matter in the environment in the Kpong and Weija communities. The Iron-haematoxylin staining techniques was used to analyze the faecal samples in order to identify Giardia sp. (Student t- test and Chi square were the statistical analyses) used for the studies. About five percent (5.3%) prevalence was obtained in both com­munities and this was significant (p> 0.05). The parasite was found to be most prevalent (9.4%) in calves less than 3 months old and this decreased with age of calf. It was also observed that Giardia plays an important role in the cause of diarrhoea in cattle. There is the need to educate people on the disease and its implication on the quality of water from the treatment plants.
Keywords: Giardia sp, water, contamination, diarrhoea, infant mortality.
Patterns of chronic illness among older patients attending a university hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Faronbi Joel O. , Ademuyiwa Iyabo Y. , Olaogun Adenike A. 
Published: July 2020

Background: The rising burden of chronic diseases has attracted the attention of public health researchers and policymakers worldwide.
Objectives: To assess the demographic, morbidity and outcome patterns of chronic illness among the older patients at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Design: Retrospective study
Setting: Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Participants: Seven hundred and eighty-eight (788) adults (60 years and over) hospitalized between 2010 and 2014 in the hospital.
Interventions: None
Results: The age of the selected study population ranged from 60 to 99 years with a mean of 76.08(±10.42). More than half (53.0%) were between 60–69 years, with a subsequent decline. Male patients accounted for 64.0%, but females were more frequent among patients 80 years and older. The most common health conditions were heart diseases (22.5%), neoplasm (13.2%), cerebrovascular accident (12.4%), and gastrointestinal diseases (14.5%). The records showed that 14.9% were referred to other institution for various reasons (including further management, lack of space, industrial action by workers, discharged against medical advice or dead).
Conclusion: Heart diseases were the major chronic illnesses among the older adults followed by neoplasm conditions, while musculoskeletal conditions were the least. It also found that there was a poor outcome of conditions amongolder adults in this setting. Therefore, efforts should be made towards the prevention and reduction of chronic illnesses, as well as improving the outcome of care.
Keywords: chronic diseases, older adults, health care, retrospective, demographic
Funding: Doctoral Fellowship from Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa
Physical activity levels among Malawian adults living with HIV and receiving anti-retroviral therapy
Authors: Chisati Enock 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionDespite increasing life expectancy among people living with HIV (PLWHIV), anti-retroviral therapy (ART) side effects, HIV chronic inflammation and co-morbidities may limit functional abilities and reduced participation in exercises and physical activity (PA). PA improves wellbeing and overall quality of life of PLWHIV. In Malawi, there is paucity of information regarding PA levels among Malawians living with HIV and receiving ART. Therefore, this study aimed at determining PA levels among PLWHIV and receiving ART in Malawi.
MethodsA quantitative cross-sectional design was employed. Eligible participants were male and female adults aged 18–45 years living with HIV receiving ART for at least 1 year. The participants were recruited from Limbe Health Center, Gateway Health Center and Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH) in Blantyre, Malawi. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess the PA levels. A Stadiometer (HS-DBS00361, Model: 1127154) was used to measure weight (kg) and height (cm) of the participants.
ResultsA total of 213 participants were recruited. There were more females than male participants (n=132 females). Overall, the mean age of all participants was 37±6.5 years and they were within normal body weight (BMI=23±4.0). Many participants (n=85, 40%) had low PA levels followed by those who were moderately physically active (n=75, 36%). A larger proportion of the female participants (51%) had low PA levels compared to males (22%). Forty-two percent of participants with 1–3 years of ART had low PA whereas 39% with >3 years ART had low PA.
ConclusionMost PLWHIV and receiving ART in the sample have low PA levels. The study has also revealed that proportionally more females than males had low PA levels.
Students’ learning performance and acceptance of web 2.0 technologies based on media richness properties
Authors: Peñalba Ericson 
Published: July 2020

The selection of a communication channel for the performance of learning tasks is likely to affect how information and knowledge can be effectively transmitted. Anchored on the media richness theory, this study employed quasi-experimental design to examine the influence of media richness properties on learning performance user acceptance of web 2.0 technologies as learning tools. The quasi-experiment, which took place over eight weeks, was carried out with 100 undergraduate students who were assigned to two experimental groups (Facebook-based learning condition and Blogger-based learning condition) and a control group (paper-based learning condition). A focus group discussion was also done to reveal the participants’ insights after using web 2.0 technologies in performing the assigned learning activities. No significant differences existed among the three learning conditions in terms of learning performance and between the two experimental conditions as regards user acceptance. Such findings indicate that the learning performance achieved from using the learning tools was perceived to be the same regardless of the features they offered. All groups may also have equal perceived level of usefulness and ease of use afforded by the learning mediums despite variations in their features.
A combination of combat experience, early abduction, and severe traumatization fuels appetitive aggression and violence among abductees of rebel war in Northern Uganda
Authors: Zeller Anja C. , Conrad Daniela , Schneider Anna , Behnke Alexander , Pfeiffer Anett , Blum Gerrit F. , Wilker Sarah , Elbert Thomas , Kolassa Iris‐Tatjana 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIndividuals who perpetrate violence may likely perceive violence as appealing and infliction of violence to derive pleasure is termed as appetitive aggression. Individuals who were abducted as children into an armed group often experience a higher number of traumatic event types, that is traumatic load and are usually socialized in a violence‐endorsing environment. This study aims to investigate the interaction between age at initial abduction with that of traumatic load, and their influence on appetitive aggression along with perpetration of violent acts by former members of an armed rebel group of both sexes. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted among a target group of formerly abducted rebel‐war survivors (including participants with and without combat experience) from Northern Uganda. Participants included 596 women and 570 men with N =  1,166 (Mage  =  32.58, SDage  =  9.76, range: 18–80 years). We conducted robust linear regression models to investigate the influence of age at initial abduction, traumatic load, combat experience, and biological sex on appetitive aggression as well as their perpetrated violent acts. Our study shows, appetitive aggression and the number of perpetrated violent acts were specifically increased in individuals who were abducted young, experienced several traumatic events in their lifetime, and with previous combat experience. For perpetrated violence men showed increased levels whereas for appetitive aggression the association was independent of biological sex. Therefore, early abducted individuals with a higher traumatic load, who have combat experience, need to be given special intervention to prevent any further violence.
Silicon‐Based Self‐Assemblies for High Volumetric Capacity Li‐Ion Batteries via Effective Stress Management
Authors: Shi Jiewen , Zu Lianhai , Gao Hanyang , Hu Guoxin , Zhang Qing 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSilicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) have been considered as promising anode materials for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries, but the practical issues such as mechanical structure instability and low volumetric energy density limit their development. At present, the functional energy‐storing architectures based on Si NPs building blocks have been proposed to solve the adverse effects of nanostructures, but designing ideal functional architectures with excellent electrochemical performance is still a significant challenge. This study shows that the effective stress evolution management is applied for self‐assembled functional architectures via cross‐scale simulation and the simulated stress evolution can be a guide to design a scalable self‐assembled hierarchical Si@TiO2@C (SA‐SiTC) based on core–shell Si@TiO2 nanoscale building blocks. It is found that the carbon filler and TiO2 layer can effectively reduce the risk of cracking during (de)lithiation, ensuring the stability of the mechanical structure of SA‐SiTC. The SA‐SiTC electrode shows long cycling stability (842.6 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 2 A g−1), high volumetric capacity (174 mAh cm−3), high initial Coulombic efficiency (80.9%), and stable solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. This work provides insight into the development of the structural stable Si‐based anodes with long cycle life and high volumetric energy density for practical energy applications.