bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hadley cell expansion in CMIP6 models
Authors: Grise Kevin M. , Davis Sean M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. In response to increasing greenhouse gases, the
subtropical edges of Earth's Hadley circulation shift poleward in global
climate models. Recent studies have found that reanalysis trends in the
Hadley cell edge over the past 30–40 years are within the range of trends
simulated by Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models
and have documented seasonal and hemispheric asymmetries in these trends. In
this study, we evaluate whether these conclusions hold for the newest
generation of models (CMIP6). Overall, we find similar characteristics of
Hadley cell expansion in CMIP5 and CMIP6 models. In both CMIP5 and CMIP6
models, the poleward shift of the Hadley cell edge in response to increasing
greenhouse gases is 2–3 times larger in the Southern Hemisphere (SH),
except during September–November. The trends from CMIP5 and CMIP6 models
agree well with reanalyses, although prescribing observed coupled
atmosphere–ocean variability allows the models to better capture reanalysis
trends in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). We find two notable differences
between CMIP5 and CMIP6 models. First, while both CMIP5 and CMIP6 models
contract the NH summertime Hadley circulation equatorward (particularly over
the Pacific sector), this contraction is larger in CMIP6 models due to their
higher average climate sensitivity. Second, in recent decades, the poleward
shift of the NH annual-mean Hadley cell edge is slightly larger in CMIP6
models. Increasing greenhouse gases drive similar trends in CMIP5 and CMIP6
models, so the larger recent NH trends in CMIP6 models point to the role of
other forcings, such as aerosols.
Assimilation of wide-swath altimetry water elevation anomalies to correct large-scale river routing model parameters
Authors: Emery Charlotte Marie , Biancamaria Sylvain , Boone Aaron , Ricci Sophie , Rochoux Mélanie C. , Pedinotti Vanessa , David Cédric H. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Land surface models combined with river routing models are widely used to study the continental part of the water cycle. They give global estimates
of water flows and storages, but they are not without non-negligible uncertainties, among which inexact input parameters play a significant part. The
incoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission, with a launch scheduled for 2021 and with a required lifetime of at least
3 years, will be dedicated to the measuring of water surface elevations, widths and surface slopes of rivers wider than 100 m, at
a global scale. SWOT will provide a significant number of new observations for river hydrology and maybe combined, through data assimilation, with
global-scale models in order to correct their input parameters and reduce their associated uncertainty. Comparing simulated water depths with
measured water surface elevations remains however a challenge and can introduce within the system large bias. A promising alternative for
assimilating water surface elevations consists of assimilating water surface elevation anomalies which do not depend on a reference surface. The
objective of this study is to present a data assimilation platform based on the asynchronous ensemble Kalman filter (AEnKF) that can assimilate
synthetic SWOT observations of water depths and water elevation anomalies to correct the input parameters of a large-scale hydrologic model over
a 21 d time window. The study is applied to the ISBA-CTRIP model over the Amazon basin and focuses on correcting the spatial distribution of the
river Manning coefficients. The data assimilation algorithm, tested through a set of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs), is able to
retrieve the true value of the Manning coefficients within one assimilation cycle much of the time (basin-averaged Manning coefficient root mean square error, RMSEn, is
reduced from 33 % to [1 %–10 %] after one assimilation cycle) and shows promising perspectives with assimilating water anomalies
(basin-averaged Manning coefficient RMSEn is reduced from 33 % to [1 %–2 %] when assimilating water surface elevation anomalies over 1 year), which allows us to overcome the issue of unknown bathymetry.
Acceptance of Family Planning Practices Among Reproductive Age Women in a Rural Area of Etawah
Authors: Krishnappa Kiran , Kaushik Amit , Jain Pankaj Kumar , Kumar Sandip , Gupta Nandini , Chandini Mahima 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Despite considering family planning as a priority in population policy, our country is still long way to achieve a stable population, especially in rural area. This study was schemed to evaluate the awareness and the prevalence of contraceptive use in a rural area of Etawah.
Material & Methods: A house to house survey was conducted in 5 villages in Saifai block of Etawah. A sample of 810 married woman of reproductive age group were interviewed to obtain information on sociodemographic profile and family planning.
Results: The average age of study respondents was 29.19 ± 6.7 years. Majority (44.7%) of respondents belonged to 26-35years and 40% were illiterate. Only 76.6% of the respondents were aware of at least one method of family planning. Nearly 50% were aware of Female sterilization, Condoms and IUCD. Univariate analysis revealed age, education, caste and partner’s education were significant factor affecting awareness of family planning. Contraceptive usage was associated with age, family size and decision making ability. Multivariate awareness revealed that education significantly affected awareness and partner’s education was significantly associated with contraceptive usage.
Conclusion: Study showed that there is a significant gap between awareness and use of contraception. Age, education, family size and partner’s education were significant factors affecting acceptance of family planning in this rural setup.
Reasons of Open Defecation Behavior in Rural Households of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Namdev Garima , Narkhede Vinod 
Published: May 2020

Background: According to World health organization (WHO), open defecation (OD) is a major public health concern in India both in rural and urban counterparts. Therefore, Government decided to eliminate open defecation (OD) by 2019 with the introduction of Swachh Bharat Mission. But, still, many individuals found to choose to defecate in open fields. The study was conducted to find out the prevalence of open defecation and its reasons.
Material and methods: The present cross sectional, descriptive study was carried out across villages coming under rural field practice area for one year. Total five villages were randomly selected consisting of 1000 population approximately. Data was collected using pre designed questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 23.0.
Result: Out of total 1000 study subjects, 27.7% study subjects opt for defecation practices. Out of them, 76.5% opt due to their habits. Next reason (57%) came out was feeling comfortable followed by unawareness (36.4%) and lack of water (34%).
Conclusion – The present study concluded prevalence of open defecation 27.7%. Due to their habits, feeling comfortable, unawareness and lack of adequate water in study area were major factors contributing persistence of open defecation.
Innovative Educational Collaboration between Colleges to Improve Disabilities and Enhance Learning
Authors: MCCLELLAND MOLLY L. , KLEINKE DARRELL K. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT
Interdisciplinary collaboration in higher education can produce valuable learning experiences beyond that of a single discipline approach. The University of Detroit Mercy College of Engineering and College of Health Professions have effectively collaborated yielding results that benefit not only the student but physically challenged individuals living in the Detroit area. Teams of engineering students and nursing students work together on projects to build assistive devices that improve the lives of people in need. This paper describes the techniques, goals and objectives used in multidisciplinary collaborative education. Students who have completed the course have described an enhanced understanding of how to effectively collaborate with members of other disciplines. Clients who have worked with the multidisciplinary teams have benefited by receiving assistive devices that have significantly improved their activities of daily living.
CRISPR screening identifies M1AP as a new MYC regulator with a promoter-reporter system
Authors: Yamamoto Akiko , Kurata Morito , Onishi Iichiroh , Sugita Keisuke , Matsumura Miwa , Ishibashi Sachiko , Ikeda Masumi , Yamamoto Kouhei , Kitagawa Masanobu 
Published: May 2020

Background
MYC is one of the proto-oncogenes contributing to tumorigenesis in many human cancers. Although the mechanism of MYC regulation is still not fully understood, learning about the comprehensive mechanism controlling the transcriptional activity of MYC will lead to therapeutic targets. The CRISPR/Cas9 library system is a simple and powerful screening technique. This study aims to identify new transcriptional upstream activators of MYC using the CRISPR activation library with new promoter-reporter systems.

Methods and Results
The MYC promoter-reporter system was developed with a photoconvertible fluorescent protein, Dendra2, and named “pMYC-promoter-Dendra2.” This MYC promoter-reporter system was designed to harbor a proximal MYC promoter at (3.1 kb). Both the CRISPR activation library and pMYC-promoter-Dendra2 were induced to HEK 293T cells, and Dendra2-positive cells, that are supposed that MYC should be upregulated, were collected individually by a cell sorter. Among the 169 cells collected, 12 clones were successfully established. Then, pMYC-promoter-Dendra2 was transfected again into these 12 clones, and two of 12 clones showed Dendra2 positivity. In this procedure, the cells with non-specific autofluorescence were correctly distinguished by utilizing the photoswitchable character of Dendra2. Using extracted genomic DNA of these two Dendra2 positive clones, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the guide RNA (gRNA) containing region, which was introduced by the CRISPR activation library. Eventually, PLEKHO2, MICU, MBTPS1, and M1AP were identified, and these gRNAs were transfected individually into HEK 293T cells again using the CRISPR activation system. Only M1AP gRNA transfected cells showed Dendra2-positive fluorescence. Then, the overexpression vector for M1AP with a doxycycline-inducible vector confirmed that M1AP induced high MYC expression by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot. Furthermore, the dual-luciferase assay showed a significant increase of promoter activity, and MYC mRNA was higher in M1AP- overexpressing cells. M1AP is highly expressed in several cancers, though, a positive correlation between M1AP and MYC was observed only in human acute myeloid leukemia.

Conclusion
The present study confirmed that the experimental method using the CRISPR library technology functions effectively for the identification of molecules that activate endogenous MYC. This method will help elucidate the regulatory mechanism of MYC expression, as well as supporting further drug research against malignant tumors.
Identification of key genes associated with progression and prognosis for lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ma Xiaohan , Ren Huijun , Peng Ruoyu , Li Yi , Ming Liang 
Published: May 2020

Background
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is a major subtype of lung cancer with limited therapeutic options and poor clinical prognosis.

Methods
Three datasets (GSE19188, GSE33532 and GSE33479) were obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LUSC and normal tissues were identified by GEO2R, and functional analysis was employed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) online tool. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) and hub genes were identified via the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and Cytoscape software. Hub genes were further validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Subsequently, survival analysis was performed using the Kapla–Meier curve and Cox progression analysis. Based on univariate and multivariate Cox progression analysis, a gene signature was established to predict overall survival. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the prognostic value of the model.

Results
A total of 116 up-regulated genes and 84 down-regulated genes were identified. These DEGs were mainly enriched in the two pathways: cell cycle and p53 signaling way. According to the degree of protein nodes in the PPI network, 10 hub genes were identified. The mRNA expression levels of the 10 hub genes in LUSC were also significantly up-regulated in the TCGA database. Furthermore, a novel seven-gene signature (FLRT3, PPP2R2C, MMP3, MMP12, CAPN8, FILIP1 and SPP1) from the DEGs was constructed and acted as a significant and independent prognostic signature for LUSC.

Conclusions
The 10 hub genes might be tightly correlated with LUSC progression. The seven-gene signature might be an independent biomarker with a significant predictive value in LUSC overall survival.
O NEGRO HERÓI E A NEGRA ANTI-HEROÍNA: UMA COMPARAÇÃO DISCURSIVA ENTRE RETRATO DO INTRÉPIDO MARINHEIRO SIMÃO E A NEGRA
Authors: Coelho Edinaldo Gonçalves , Chediak Sorhaya 
Published: May 2020

Este estudo apresenta os conceitos de herói e anti-herói na arte acadêmica brasileira, bem como no modernismo brasileiro, a fim de compreender como eles são construídos nas obras Retrato do Intrépido Marinheiro Simão, carvoeiro do vapor Pernambucana, do pintor José Correia de Lima, e A Negra, de Tarsila do Amaral. O objetivo é analisar e contrapor os discursos das representações pictóricas do negro/negra, compreendendo como eles são construídos nestas obras artísticas. O estudo está fundamentado na proposta de leitura de imagens de Carvalho (2011). Ao observar os conceitos de herói e anti-herói nessas obras, é possível perceber que em Retrato do Intrépido Marinheiro Simão predomina o negro idealizado que retoma o estilo neoclássico, em que se hegemonizam os valores estéticos greco-romanos. Já em A Negra prevalece uma anti-heroína que desconstrói estes mesmos valores, construindo outros, apresentando um discurso divergente daquele. Nesse sentido, embora ambas pinturas sejam importantes para a representação negra na arte pictórica brasileira, a obra de Tarsila do Amaral mostra-se mais próxima de uma manifestação artística africana, tendo em vista que engrandece a etnia negra por não idealizar, mas por valorizar, exagerar e desconstruir os preceitos da arte acadêmica.
Tamponade‐balloon for obstetrical bleeding
Authors: Bakri Y.N , Amri A , Abdul Jabbar F 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectives: To study the effectiveness of a large volume, fluid‐filled tamponade balloon in the management of post‐partum hemorrhage originating from the implantation site of low‐lying placenta/placenta previa. Methods: A silicone, fluid‐filled balloon was designed for tamponade function, with a filling capacity volume of 500 cc of sterile saline, and strength to withstand a maximum internal and external pressure of 300 mmHg. Five women with postpartum bleeding caused by low‐lying placenta/placenta previa, and one woman with cervical ectopic pregnancy, underwent a tamponade balloon insertion as a conservative measure in the management of bleeding. Results: The tamponade balloon was used in five women with post‐partum bleeding caused by low‐lying placenta/placenta previa, and in one woman with cervical pregnancy. The balloon was effective in controlling post‐partum hemorrhage originating from the placental site of the lower uterine segment, and bleeding from the implantation site of cervical ectopic pregnancy. Conclusion: Hemostasis in cases of post‐partum bleeding caused by low‐lying placenta/placenta previa can be achieved by using a large volume, fluid‐filled tamponade balloon.
The empirical assessment of construct validity
Authors: O'Leary‐Kelly Scott W , J. Vokurka Robert 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThis paper provides an in‐depth review of the different methods available for assessing the construct validity of measures used in empirical research. Construct validity pertains to the degree to which the measure of a construct sufficiently measures the intended concept (e.g., is free of measurement error) and has been shown to be a necessary component of the research process. In order to illustrate the steps required to establish construct validity, we drew upon empirical research in the operations management area of manufacturing flexibility.
Iterative triangulation: a theory development process using existing case studies
Authors: Lewis Marianne W 
Published: July 2002

AbstractTo cope with the growing frequency and magnitude of changes in technology and managerial methods, Operations Management (OM) researchers have been calling for greater employment of field‐based research methods. A notable example is grounded theory development using original case studies. Based on in‐depth examinations of ‘real‐world’ operations conditions, case studies potentially improve the relevance and workability of resulting OM theory. However, developing original case studies requires considerable time and expense, straining research resources and often limiting the number of operations settings that can be studied and compared during induction. Existing case studies offer a potentially effective and efficient means for comparing complex and disparate operations settings. This paper proposes a novel theory development process, termediterative triangulation, for tapping this potential. Iterative triangulation employs systematic iterations between literature review, case evidence, and intuition. The process enhances theory creativity, utility, and validity by deliberately increasing the diversity and quantity of literature reviewed, of cases found, of conjectures examined, and of conjecture selection criteria. Comparing and contrasting emerging constructs and theory across case settings refines conceptual definitions and strengthens internal validity, enhancing testability of resulting theory. A study of advanced manufacturing technology design illustrates the method.
Incompressible, inviscid limit of the compressible Navier–Stokes system
Authors: Masmoudi Nader 
Published: July 2002

We prove some asymptotic results concerning global (weak) solutions of compressible isentropic Navier–Stokes equations. More precisely, we establish the convergence towards solutions of incompressible Euler equations, as the density becomes constant, the Mach number goes to 0 and the Reynolds number goes to infinity.

Résumé
Nous prouvons quelques résultats asymptotiques concernant des solutions (faibles) globales des équations de Navier–Stokes (isentropique) compressible. Plus précisément, nous établissons la convergence vers une solution des équations d’Euler incompressible, lorsque la densité devient constante, le nombre de Mach tend vers 0 et le nombre de Reynolds tend vers l’infini.
Nonlinear instability in an ideal fluid
Authors: Vishik Misha , Friedlander Susan , Strauss Walter 
Published: July 2002

Linearized instability implies nonlinear instability under certain rather general conditions. This abstract theorem is applied to the Euler equations governing the motion of an inviscid fluid. In particular this theorem applies to all

2D

space periodic flows without stagnation points as well as

2D

space-periodic shear flows.

Résumé
L’instabilité linéarisée implique l’instabilité non linéaire sous certaines conditions assez générales. Ce théorème abstrait s’applique aux équations d’Euler qui gouvernent le mouvement d’un fluide non visqueux. En particulier ce théorème s’applique à tous les flots périodiques dans le plan, soit sans point de stagnation, soit des écoulements de cisaillement.
Contracting singular cycles
Authors: San Martín Bernardo 
Published: July 2002

In the present paper we shall prove that the result in [2.2], concerning the measure of the bifurcating set for generic one-parameter families through a simple contracting singular cycle with only one periodic orbit, is still true for cycles with any number (finitely many) periodic orbits. The novelty is the choice of a proper sections to the flow and the corresponding Poincare maps.

Résumé
Dans cet article nous montrons que le résultat dans [2.2] sur la mesure de bifurcation pour des familles génériques à l paramètre à travers un simple cycle singulier contractant avec une orbite périodique est vrai aussi pour des cycles avec tout nombre (fini) d’orbites périodiques. La nouveauté réside dans le choix des sections appropriées du flot et des applications de Poincaré correspondantes.
Geometric restrictions for the existence of viscosity solutions
Authors: Cardaliaguet P. , Dacorogna B. , Gangbo W. , Georgy N. 
Published: July 2002

We study the Hamilton–Jacobi equation

\tag{0.1}
\left\{\begin{matrix} F\left(Du\right) & = & 0 & \text{a}.\text{e}.\text{in} & \Omega \\ u & = & \varphi & \text{on} & \partial \Omega \\ \end{matrix}\right.

where

F: ℝ^N → ℝ

is not necessarily convex. When

Ω

is a convex set, under technical assumptions our first main result gives a necessary and sufficient condition on the geometry of

Ω

and on

D\varphi

for (0.1) to admit a Lipschitz
viscosity solution
. When we drop the convexity assumption on

Ω

, and relax technical assumptions our second main result uses the viability theory to give a necessary condition on the geometry of

Ω

and on

D\varphi

for (0.1) to admit a Lipschitz
viscosity solution
.

Résumé
Nous étudions l’équation de Hamilton-Jacobi suivante

\tag{0.2}
\left\{\begin{matrix} F\left(Du\right) & = & 0 & \text{p}.\text{p}.\text{dans} & \Omega \\ u & = & \varphi & \text{sur} & \partial \Omega \\ \end{matrix}\right.

où

F : ℝ^N → ℝ

n’est pas nécessairement convexe. Lorsque

Ω

est un ensemble convexe, notre premier résultat donne une condition nécessaire et suffisante sur la géométrie du domaine

Ω

et sur

D\varphi

afin que (0.2) admette une
solution de viscosité
lipschitzienne. Si on enlève la condition de convexité du domaine

Ω

, notre second résultat permet, à l’aide du théorème de viabilité, de donner une condition nécessaire sur la géométrie du domaine

Ω

et sur

D\varphi

afin que (0.2) admette une
solution de viscosité
lipschitzienne.