bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review article: Systematic literature review of leadership in emergency departments
Authors: Wilson Samuel , Rixon Andrew , Hartanto Stephanie , White Peter , Judkins Simon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractEmergency medicine (EM) is a discipline with complex leadership demands. However, studies of EM physician leadership and ED leadership are in their infancy. As such, there is a lack of clarity about the forms, antecedents, enablers, barriers and consequences of EM physician leadership. A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted to reveal the different conceptualisations of EM physician leadership, the activities involved in the practice of leadership, and the knowledge and skills of effective ED leaders. Seven databases were systematically searched for peer‐reviewed empirical studies on the topic of EM physicians carrying out a manager or leadership role in an ED setting. Finally, 26 articles were included, and their findings were synthesised and analysed narratively. Two conceptualisations of EM physician leadership were found, reflecting clinical leadership and medical leadership, respectively. Clinical leadership is performed by all EM physicians, often informally, within their daily clinical practice, whereas medical leadership is performed by EM physicians who work at the management level within a hospital, in addition to or instead of their clinical practice. The focus of EM physician leadership and ED leadership research is team leadership, with much less attention given to wider organisation leadership. Consistent with the focus on team leadership, clinical knowledge and skill in orchestrating teams, especially trauma and resuscitation teams, emerged as the most important factors underpinning leadership effectiveness. Future research and training should make better use of existing leadership theory and research designs to illuminate the forms, dynamics, antecedents, moderators and consequences of EM physician leadership.
Piperine sensitizes radiation‐resistant cancer cells towards radiation and promotes intrinsic pathway of apoptosis
Authors: Shaheer Koniyan , Somashekarappa HM , Lakshmanan M. Divya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPiperine, a bioactive alkaloid, is known to have anticancer activities. Hence, in this study, the effectiveness of piperine pretreatment as a strategy for radio‐sensitizing colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT‐29) was analyzed. For this, HT‐29 cells were pretreated with piperine (12.5 and 25 µg/mL) and exposed to γ‐radiation (1.25 Gy) and analyzed for various effector pathways to elucidate the possible mode of action in comparison to individual treatments. The proliferation efficiency of the cells was analyzed by trypan blue dye exclusion assay and MTT assay. The synergistic effects of the combination treatment were analyzed with compuSyn software. Downstream signaling pathways leading to apoptosis were studied using flowcytometry, immunofluorescence, and immunoblot assays. It was observed that combination treatment arrested HT‐29 cells at G2/M phase nearly 2.8 folds higher than radiation treatment alone, inducing the radio‐resistant cells to undergo apoptosis through mitochondria‐dependent pathway. In addition, activation of caspase‐3 and cleavage of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerases‐1, the key molecular events in apoptotic signaling, were significantly enhanced. Activation of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), a nuclear hormone transcription factor promoting tumor suppression represents a novel clinical advance towards management and prevention of cancers. Interestingly, the expression of ERβ was increased in the cells treated with piperine. In conclusion, piperine pretreatment enhances radio‐sensitization in HT‐29 cells by inducing the cells to undergo apoptosis hence, can be used as a classic candidate for colon cancer sensitization towards radiotherapy.Practical ApplicationPiperine induces enhanced radiosensitization of colon cancer cell line (HT‐29) by interfering with the cancer cell line proliferation, DNA damage, and apoptosis.
Combinatorial reprogramming of lipid metabolism in plants: a way towards mass‐production of bio‐fortified arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculants
Authors: Gargouri Mahmoud , Bates Philip D. , Declerck Stéphane 
Published: October 2020

SummaryArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are among the most ancient, widespread and functionally important symbioses on Earth that help feed the world. Yet, mass‐production of clean (i.e. in vitro produced), safe and robust inoculum at affordable costs remains a critical challenge. Very recently, Luginbuehl et al. (2017) found that plants supply lipids to the symbiotic partner, thus ‘providing the AMF with a robust source of carbon for their metabolic needs’. Hence, engineering plants for enhanced delivery of lipids to AMF could represent an innovative avenue to produce a novel generation of high‐quality and cost‐effective bio‐fortified AMF inoculants for application in agro‐ecosystems.
Conceptual Framework of Connectivity for a National Agroecosystem Model Based on Transport Processes and Management Practices
Authors: Arnold Jeffrey G. , White Michael J. , Allen Peter M. , Gassman Philip W. , Bieger Katrin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThere is a critical need for a national agroecosystem model for conservation policy and environmental planning, driven by issues including harmful algal blooms, water scarcity, flooding, and other weather‐related extremes. In this study, we illustrate the feasibility of a national agroecosystem model that will downscale processes to individual fields and first‐order channels. We propose to conceptually divide the conterminous United States (U.S.) into process domains as a framework for simulating processes and management at relevant scales. Specifically, we are proposing five domains: field (1–50 ha), transition (0.2–2.0 km2), headwater (1–15 km2), tributaries (15–150 km2), and main river (>150 km2). The proposed conceptual framework hydrologically connects fields across the U.S. using the National Hydrography Dataset (NHDPlus version 2). Parameterizing the Soil and Water Assessment Tool for the national agroecosystem model resulted in 4,880,000 agricultural fields, 2,250,000 non‐agricultural hydrologic response units, and 7,130,000 transition, 1,610,000 headwater, 591,000 tributary, and 432,400 main channels. Application of this framework was shown for Hydrologic Unit Code 07120002 in central Illinois and Indiana to demonstrate the feasibility of the approach using data that is readily available across the U.S. The new connectivity framework has the potential to dramatically improve national conservation and environmental assessments performed by U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
YouTube for information about side effects of biologic therapy: A social media analysis
Authors: Zengin Orhan , Onder Mustafa Erkut 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveBiologic therapies are one of the most significant breakthroughs in the treatment of rheumatic diseases, although there is still some uncertainty surrounding long‐term patient safety. Recently, a growing number of patients browse the Internet as a source of health‐related information. We aimed to assess the quality of information available on YouTube videos regarding the side effects of biologic therapy.MethodsWe used the keywords “biologic therapy side effects,” “biologic therapy risks,” “biologic therapy safety,” “biologic agents side effects,” “biologic agents risks,” and “biologic agents safety.” Also, the generic and commercial names of biologic agents were searched on YouTube in May 2020. The quality and reliability of the videos was assessed according to the global quality score (GQS), DISCERN score. Video Power Index (VPI) used to assess both the view and the like ratios of the videos.ResultsSeventy‐five videos were evaluated. According to the GQS, 31 videos (40.3%) were of high quality, 18 videos (23.4%) were of intermediate quality, and 28 videos (36.4%) were of low quality. The GQS was significantly positively correlated with the DISCERN score (P < .001). VPI scores were not correlated with DISCERN (P = .268) and GQS scores (P = .411).ConclusionYouTube videos on the side effects of biologic therapy are informative for patients and physicians. High‐quality videos are more reliable but may not be as popular as expected.
All sheeps and sizes: a genetic investigation of mature body size across sheep breeds reveals a polygenic nature
Authors: Posbergh C. J. , Huson H. J. 
Published: October 2020

SummaryMature body size is genetically correlated with growth rate, an important economic trait in the sheep industry. Mature body size has been studied extensively in humans as well as cattle and other domestic animal populations but not in sheep. Six‐hundred and sixteen ewes, across 22 breeds, were measured for 28 linear measurements representing various skeletal parts. PCA from these measures generated principal components 1 and 2 which represented 66 and 7% of the phenotypic variation respectively. Two‐hundred and twenty sheep were genotyped on the Illumina Ovine HD beadchip for a GWAS investigating mature body size and linear body measurements. Forty‐six (Bonferroni P < 0.05) SNP associations across 14 chromosomes were identified utilizing principal component 1, representing overall body size, revealing mature body size to have fewer loci of large effect than other domestic species such as dogs and horses. Genome‐wide associations for individual linear measures identified major quantitative trait loci for withers height and ear length. Withers height was associated (Bonferroni P < 0.05) with 12 SNPs across six chromosomes whereas ear length was associated with a single locus on chromosome 3, containing MSRB3. This analysis identified several loci known to be associated with mature body size in other species such as NCAPG, LCORL, and HMGA2. Mature body size is more polygenic in sheep than other domesticated species, making the development of genomic selection for the trait the most efficient option for maintaining or reducing mature body size in sheep.
Endogenous flux of nitric oxide: Citrulline is preferred to Arginine
Authors: Bahadoran Zahra , Mirmiran Parvin , Kashfi Khosrow , Ghasemi Asghar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBoth arginine (Arg) and its precursor citrulline (Cit) have received much interest in the past two decades because of their potential effects on whole‐body nitric oxide (NO) production and augmentation of NO‐dependent signalling pathways. However, the usefulness of Arg supplementation for NO production is questionable because of its high splanchnic first pass metabolism (FPM), which limits its systemic availability. Both hepatic‐ and extrahepatic arginases critically limit the availability of Arg for the NO synthase enzymes (NOSs) and therefore, a limited amount of oral Arg can reach the systemic circulation for NO synthesis. Arg also has some undesired effects including induction of arginase activity, an increase of urea levels, a decrease of cellular uptake of Cit and decrease of recycling of Arg from Cit. In contrast, Cit has more availability as an NO precursor because of its high intestinal absorption, low FPM and high renal reabsorption. At the cellular level, co‐localization of Cit transport systems and the enzymes involved in the Cit‐Arg‐NO pathway facilitates channelling of Cit into NO. Furthermore, cells preferably use Cit rather than either intra‐ or extracellular Arg to improve NO output, especially in high‐demand situations. In conclusion, available evidence strongly supports the concept that Cit leads to higher NO production and suggests that Cit may have a better therapeutic effect than Arg for NO‐disrupted conditions.
Prevalence of mental health problems and associated risk factors among military healthcare workers in specialized COVID‐19 hospitals in Wuhan, China: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Pan Xiao , Xiao Ying , Ren Ding , Xu Zheng‐Mei , Zhang Qian , Yang Li‐Ying , Liu Fen , Hao Yu‐Shi , Zhao Feng , Bai Yong‐Hai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionChina has been severely affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) since December 2019. Military healthcare workers in China have experienced many pressures when combating COVID‐19. This study aimed to investigate the current psychological status and associated risk factors among military healthcare workers.MethodsWe collected data from 194 military healthcare workers from three inpatient wards in two specialized COVID‐19 hospitals using a web‐based cross‐sectional survey. The survey covered demographic information, the patient health questionnaire‐9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7, and the patient health questionnaire‐15. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to explore potential risk factors for mental health problems.ResultsThe overall prevalence rates of depressive, generalized anxiety, and somatic symptoms were 37.6%, 32.5%, and 50%, respectively. Rates of severe depression, generalized anxiety, and somatic symptoms were 5.2%, 3.6%, and 15.5%, respectively. In 22.7% of cases, comorbidities existed between depression, generalized anxiety, and somatization. A junior‐grade professional title was associated with depression, older age was associated with generalized anxiety and somatization, and short sleep duration and poor sleep quality were associated with all three symptoms.DiscussionThe prevalence of depression, generalized anxiety, and somatic symptoms among military healthcare workers in specialized COVID‐19 hospitals is high during the current COVID‐19 outbreak. A junior‐grade professional title, older age, short sleep duration, and poor sleep quality significantly affect military healthcare workers' mental health. Continuous surveillance and monitoring of the psychological consequences of the COVID‐19 outbreak should be routine to promote mental health among military healthcare workers.
Transcultural adaptation of interpersonal psychotherapy in Asia
Authors: Stuart Scott , Pereira Xavier V. , Chung Joseph Pui‐Yin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractInterpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) has been utilized with great efficacy and effectiveness across many cultural settings. The attachment theory upon which IPT rests provides a strong foundation for IPT cross‐culturally: regardless of their geographic location, people are people and their relationships are important. Though the structure of families and individual social roles varies greatly across cultures, people relate to one another. They become distressed when they have problems with interpersonal conflict, change, and loss of relationships. In this article, we review the basics of IPT and then describe the ways in which cultural adaptations can be made for people in Asia. Both are large tasks—to summarize IPT concisely while providing sufficient information is difficult; describing cultural adaptions for people in geographical areas from Russia to China to India to Southeast and Central Asia and all of the ethnic and language groups that area includes is nigh well impossible within a review article. Thus we have restricted our cultural overview to areas in which we have experience clinically and in which we have been active with IPT training, supervision, and implementation. All of the work we describe, however, elaborate on the principles of cultural adaptations which can be used to implement IPT in other local contexts.
Deciphering the molecular mechanism of stop codon readthrough
Authors: Palma Martine , Lejeune Fabrice 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTRecognition of the stop codon by the translation machinery is essential to terminating translation at the right position and to synthesizing a protein of the correct size. Under certain conditions, the stop codon can be recognized as a coding codon promoting translation, which then terminates at a later stop codon. This event, called stop codon readthrough, occurs either by error, due to a dedicated regulatory environment leading to generation of different protein isoforms, or through the action of a readthrough compound. This review focuses on the mechanisms of stop codon readthrough, the nucleotide and protein environments that facilitate or inhibit it, and the therapeutic interest of stop codon readthrough in the treatment of genetic diseases caused by nonsense mutations.
The Puzzle of Spatial Sex Differences: Current Status and Prerequisites to Solutions
Authors: Newcombe Nora S. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this review, I summarize what we know about the development of sex‐related differences in spatial skills, their potential malleability, and their possible causes. Current evidence suggests that sex differences increase in size with age, at least for skills with assessments suitable for use across development. However, male advantages vary from nonexistent to substantial, depending on the skills assessed, task parameters, and culture. Training and practice can improve spatial skills, although interventions tested so far do not eliminate the male advantage (when there is one). The complex pattern of increases with age, task variation, and cultural variation challenges efforts to theorize about causation. Progress requires identifying the underlying cognitive and neural structure of the spatial domain, developing reliable and valid assessment tools suitable for use across wide age ranges, gathering large datasets from a variety of cultural settings, and identifying and investigating specific mechanisms for growth and change.
Disturbed Social Information Processing as a Mechanism in the Development of Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Nikolić Milica 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most common mental disorders and becomes chronic if left untreated. Even when it is treated, outcomes are less promising than for other anxiety disorders. Thus, many are interested in preventing SAD and in the mechanisms involved in the development of SAD. In this article, I propose in a new model that disturbances in social cognition (cognitive biases, emotion recognition and understanding, negative expectations) and dysregulated social emotions (social fear and self‐conscious emotional arousal) in toddlerhood and early childhood lead to avoidance and high levels of anxiety in social situations. When repeated over time, these impair daily functioning and result in a disorder. Biological factors (e.g., fearful temperament), environmental factors (e.g., parental mentalizing), and past experiences may be distal factors that contribute to the development of SAD via disturbed sociocognitive processing and dysregulated emotions. Based on this model, I conclude by describing clinical implications and recommendations for research.
'Diagnosing food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome'
Authors: Barni Simona , Vazquez‐Ortiz Marta , Giovannini Mattia , Liccioli Giulia , Sarti Lucrezia , Cianferoni Antonella , Mori Francesca 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFood protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome is still a mysterious disease, pathogenically poorly characterized, although the first FPIES case has been described in 1967. Mainly, food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome diagnosis is based on clinical history. The oral food challenge remains the gold standard to confirm the diagnosis, especially in particular situations. Although there are no diagnostic laboratory or imaging tests which are specific for diagnosis, they could, however, sometimes be helpful to rule out clinical conditions which are similar to food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome reactions. The purpose of this review is to define the clinical features of FPIES and to summarize the current available tools for the diagnosis of FPIES. This review is intended to be a practical guide for the clinician facing a patient with food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome avoiding delayed diagnosis with unnecessary laboratory tests and detrimental treatments. Moreover, it highlights the unmet needs in diagnosis that require urgent attention from the scientific community to improve the management of patients with FPIES.
Images in words and pictures: Issues arising from a shared experience of talking and drawing
Authors: Coates Elizabeth , Coates Andrew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis single in‐depth study explores the way two 6‐year‐old boys use language as they draw and talk together. Their relationship reflects insights and stories based on shared experiences as the themes of their verbal and visual exchanges develop organically over a 45 minutes period. Our findings highlight the value of such informal collaboration since the children engaged in philosophical discussion, recognising each other's perceptions, feelings and memories. This has implications for researchers and educational practice since the knowledge evidenced has the potential to deepen our understanding of children's life experiences and interests, and to inform developments in curriculum design.
Development of a model to predict vestibular schwannoma growth: An opportunity to introduce new wait and scan strategies
Authors: Hentschel Mayke A. , Hannink Gerjon , Steens Stefan C. A. , Mulder Jef J. S. , Rovers Maroeska M. , Kunst Henricus P. M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo develop a prediction model to predict vestibular schwannoma (VS) growth for patients in a wait and scan (W&S) strategy.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary hospital (Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands).ParticipantsPatients with unilateral VS, entering a W&S strategy and at least one follow‐up MRI available. Data on demographics, symptoms, audiometry and MRI characteristics at time of diagnosis were collected from medical records.Main outcome measuresFollowing multiple imputation, a multivariable Cox regression model was used to select variables, using VS growth (≥2 mm) as outcome. Decision curve analyses (DCA) were performed to compare the model to the current strategy.ResultsOf 1217 analysed VS patients, 653 (53.7%) showed growth during follow‐up. Balance complaints (HR 1.57 (95% CI: 1.31‐1.88)) and tinnitus complaints in the affected ear (HR 1.36 (95% CI: 1.15‐1.61)), Koos grade (Koos 1 is reference, Koos 2 HR 1.03 (95% CI: 0.80‐1.31), Koos 3 HR 1.55 (95% CI: 1.16‐2.06), Koos 4 HR 2.18 (95% CI: 1.60‐2.96)), time since onset of symptoms (IQR HR 0.83 (95% CI: 0.77‐0.88) and intrameatal diameter on MRI (IQR HR 1.67 (95% CI: 1.42‐1.96)) were selected as significant predictors. The model's discrimination (Harrell's C) was 0.69 (95% CI: 0.67‐0.71), and calibration was good. DCA showed that the model has a higher net benefit than the current strategy for probabilities of VS growth of >12%, 15% and 21% for the first consecutive 3 years, respectively.ConclusionsPatients with balance and tinnitus complaints, a higher Koos grade, short duration of symptoms and a larger intrameatal diameter at time of diagnosis have a higher probability of future VS growth. After external validation, this model may be used to inform patients about their prognosis, individualise the W&S strategy and improve (cost‐)effectiveness.