bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of workplace health and safety, job stress, interpersonal conflict, and turnover intention: a comparative study in the health sector
Authors: Palancı Yılmaz , Mengenci Cengiz , Bayraktaroğlu Serkan , Emhan Abdurrahim 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThis study aims to examine the relationship between workplace health, job stress, turnover intention and inter-personal conflict in the health sector. It also seeks to unravel how the public and private working environment, and demographic variables affect those four variables.Participants and procedureA cross-sectional survey design was used for this study. The respondents were selected based on simple ran-dom sampling. Out of 1000 questionnaires administered, 708 were returned (432 from public hospitals and 276 from private hospitals) and used. Correlation, multiple regression, and ANOVA analysis were used to de-termine the relationship and impact between the variables.ResultsThe findings revealed negative and significant relationships between workplace health and safety and stress, turnover intention and interpersonal conflict. Additionally, some results reflected the significant positive rela-tionship between stress, turnover intention and interpersonal conflict. Finally, turnover intention, job stress, edu-cation level and number of duties accounted for 30% of the variation in workplace health and safety.ConclusionsManagers within the healthcare sector of Turkey should acknowledge that workers who do not feel healthy and safe in work environments develop high stress, turnover intention, and conflict with other colleagues.
Diaphragm thickness and stiffness in patients with hyperkyphosis due to osteoporotic vertebral fracture: an ultrasonographic and elastographic study
Authors: Ciloglu Osman , Karaali Evren , Fatma Gorgulu Feride , Ekiz Timur 
Published: November 2020

IntroductionThe objective of this study was to evaluate the thickness and stiffness of the diaphragm, using ultrasound (US) and strain elastography (SE) in patients with hyperkyphosis due to osteoporotic vertebral fracture.Material and methodsThis prospective and case-control study was conducted between October 2019 and December 2019. Diaphragm thickness, SE, and strain ratio values of patients with hyperkyphosis due to osteoporotic vertebral fracture were compared with those of the control group.ResultsThere were 42 patients (14 males, 28 females) with a mean age of 81.10 ± 6.3 years in the kyphosis group and 36 subjects (11 males, 25 females) with a mean age of 81.00 ± 5.5 years in the control group. End-inspirium thickness, change level, and thickening ratio of the diaphragm were significantly higher in the control group (p < 0.001 for all). Strain ratio values were significantly higher in the kyphosis group, and the rate of hardest colour code was significantly higher in the control group. The diaphragm thickness at end-inspirium and thickening ratio values correlated positively with the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1, %) and forced vital capacity (FVC, %) values. The strain ratio values correlated inversely with the FEV1 (%) and FVC (%) values. The diaphragm thickness at end-inspirium and thickening ratio values correlated inversely with the Cobb values and number of vertebra fractures. A positive correlation was determined between the strain ratio values and the Cobb values and number of vertebra fractures.ConclusionsUltrasonography is a promising imaging tool to evaluate and quantify the diaphragm function and stiffness in relevant patients.
Rivers in the sky, flooding on the ground: the role of atmospheric rivers in inland flooding in central Europe
Authors: Ionita Monica , Nagavciuc Viorica , Guan Bin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The role of large-scale atmospheric circulation and atmospheric rivers (ARs) in producing extreme flooding and heavy rainfall events in the lower part of the Rhine catchment area is examined in this study. Analysis of the largest 10 floods in the lower Rhine, between 1817 and 2015, shows that all these extreme flood peaks have been preceded up to 7 d in advance by intense moisture transport from the tropical North Atlantic basin in the form of narrow bands also known as atmospheric rivers. Most of the ARs associated with these flood events are embedded in the trailing fronts of the extratropical cyclones. The typical large-scale atmospheric circulation leading to heavy rainfall and flooding in the lower Rhine is characterized by a low pressure center south of Greenland, which migrates toward Europe, and a stable high pressure center over the northern part of Africa and the southern part of Europe and projects on the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. On the days preceding the flood peaks, lower (upper) level convergence (divergence) is observed over the analyzed region, which indicates strong vertical motions and heavy rainfall. Vertically integrated water vapor transport (IVT) exceeds 600 kg m−1 s−1 for the largest floods, marking these as very
strong ARs. The results presented in this study offer new insights regarding the importance of moisture transport as a driver of extreme flooding in the lower part of the Rhine catchment area, and we show, for the first time, that ARs are a useful tool for the identification of potentially damaging floods in inland Europe.
Nitrogen availability determines the long-term impact of land use change on soil carbon stocks in grasslands of southern Ghana
Authors: Nyameasem John Kormla , Reinsch Thorsten , Taube Friedhelm , Domozoro Charles Yaw Fosu , Marfo-Ahenkora Esther , Emadodin Iraj , Malisch Carsten Stefan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Enhancing the capacity of agricultural soils to resist soil degradation and to mitigate climate change requires long-term assessments of land use systems. Such long-term evaluations, particularly regarding low-input livestock systems, are limited. In the absence of suitable long-term experiments, this study assessed the outcome of C inputs and outputs across an array of plant functional groups in arable and
permanent systems of a tropical savannah after more than 50 years of
consistent land use. Soil samples were taken (0–30 cm depth) from arable
crop fields, grazed–seeded grassland, cut–use permanent crops and native
grassland. Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks ranged from 17 to 64 Mg SOC ha−1 (mean ± sd = 32.9 ± 10.2 Mg ha−1). SOC stocks were lower for grazed–seeded grassland relative to cut–use grass, legume
trees and shrubs. Accordingly, while the conversion of the native grassland to grazed pastures caused an estimated loss of 44 % of SOC over the period, the conversion to woody legumes resulted in slight (5 %), incremental
gains. Within sown systems, nitrogen (N) availability seemed to be the most
critical factor in determining the fate of the SOC stocks, with the soil N
concentration and SOC being highly correlated (r – 0.86; p < 0.001). In total N, P and K were significant predictors of SOC density in the soils. Moreover, secondary plant metabolites in legumes, namely tannins, were identified as having an impact on SOC. The results from this study provide the theoretical basis for testing the hypothesis that improved soil fertility management and the use of tannin-rich plants have the potential to promote long-term SOC storage in the savannah ecological region. Our study also shows the potential of legume tree/shrub forage species as an environmentally sustainable land use option to mitigate agricultural CO2 emissions from low-input livestock systems in the grasslands of southern Ghana.
Electron density in the solar corona from type III radio bursts
Authors: Batmunkh Batbayar , Damdin Batmunkh 
Published: November 2020

It has been proven that electron density in the solar corona is determined by observing the frequency drift of type III radio bursts. We investigated the certain dependence of the scale height on the distance, which allows us to obtain different dependence of the frequency drift rate (FDR) on the frequency. The scale height is presented in a combination of two distance dependencies as H= αλT+(1-α)f(r). As a result of integration of equation, we obtain the electron density ne(r) in the form ne= n0(1+y)((-1) ⁄ ((1-α)b)), y=((1-α)/(α)) b ((r)/(λT) and the constants are determined in comparison with the empirical formulas for FDR. In particular, using the well-known empirical formula (dν)/(dt)=-0.01ν1.84, we can obtain (1-α)b=0.42. The obtained calculation results are compared with the results of other authors and they have been found to be consistent when choosing the parameters included in the formula. The calculation shows that this formula is in good agreement with the data at distances from the lower corona to the Earth's orbit. This dependence of electron density makes it possible to agree with the observed FDR as a function of frequency.
Exposing the changes in work stress level among Mongolian nurses by salivary Alpha amylase test
Authors: Dondonkhuu Otgonbaatar , Enkhbayar Munkhtuya , Nyam Naranbaatar , Jurmeddorj Munkhkhand 
Published: November 2020

When stress is part of the work environment, it is difficult to control stress, which can cause recurrent aggression, and which in turn affects an individual's health and ability to act. The relationship between workplace stressors, physical and mental health changes of the nurses have been found. A combination of high workplace demands, over-responsibility, and over-authority have been identified major sources of occupational stress among nursing staff.
A total of 473 nurses from four tertiary referral hospitals of Mongolia were involved in the study. We employed a Work Stress Profile (WSP) questionnaire of Rice to figure out how nurses perceive and accept stress. The Likert scale was used in measuring the questions. Concerning physical stress factor we measured the level of α-amylase in the saliva of the nurses using the SALIVA AMYLASE MONITOR 2004, a Japanese device. Fabricated salivary amylase activity monitor consisted of three devices, the salivary transcription device, a testing-strip and an optical analyzer. Firstly, the test-strip was taken and put under the tongue for 30 seconds in the morning.
Occasionally, our study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine period, and we could clearly see that the nurses at National Center for Infectious Diseases are working hard under the urged stressed condition.
Scale Invariant Mask R-CNN for Pedestrian Detection
Authors: Gawande Ujwalla H , Hajari Kamal O , Golhar Yogesh G 
Published: November 2020

Pedestrian detection is a challenging and active research area in computer vision. Recognizing pedestrians helps in various utility applications such as event detection in overcrowded areas, gender, and gait classification, etc. In this domain, the most recent research is based on instance segmentation using Mask R-CNN. Most of the pedestrian detection method uses a feature of different body portions for identifying a person. This feature-based approach is not efficient enough to differentiate pedestrians in real-time, where the background changing. In this paper, a combined approach of scale-invariant feature map generation for detecting a small pedestrian and Mask R-CNN has been proposed for multiple pedestrian detection to overcome this drawback. The new database was created by recording the behavior of the student at the prominent places of the engineering institute. This database is comparatively new for pedestrian detection in the academic environment. The proposed Scale-invariant Mask R-CNN has been tested on the newly created database and has been compared with the Caltech [1], INRIA [2], MS COCO [3], ETH [4], and KITTI [5] database. The experimental result shows significant performance improvement in pedestrian detection as compared to the existing approaches of pedestrian detection and instance segmentation. Finally, we conclude and investigate the directions for future research.
A Narrative Review on the Tests Used in Biomechanical Functional Assessment of the Foot and Leg: Diagnostic Tests of Deformities and Compensations
Authors: Di Stasio Gaetano , Montanelli Mia 
Published: November 2020

Background
To date, scientific literature has not as yet come up with any review showing the diagnostic tests used for functional assessment of the foot and leg.

Methods
A literature review was conducted of electronic databases (MEDLINE, PEDro, DOAJ, BioMed Central, PLOS, and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination at the University of York) up to December 8, 2018. The biomechanical tests, which have adequate supportive literature, were divided into qualitative tests that provide a dichotomy/trichotomy-type answer to clinical diagnostic questions; semiquantitative tests that provide numerical data to clinical diagnostic questions; and quantitative tests that record continuous numerical data (in analogue or digital form).

Results
These tests produce a useful functional evaluation model of the foot and leg for different purposes: evaluation of lower limb deficits or abnormalities in healthy patients and in athletes (in sports or other physical activities); assessment of tissue stress syndromes caused by pathomechanics; evaluation of lower limb deficits or abnormalities in rheumatic disease and diabetic foot patients; and to determine the appropriate functional or semifunctional foot orthotic therapy and therapeutic path used in gait rehabilitation.

Conclusions
Many of these tests have adequate diagnostic reliability and reproducibility and therefore can be considered diagnostic. Few of these are validated, and some have initiated the validation process by determining their sensitivity and specificity. The widespread use of these tools in clinical practice (diagnosis of function) lacks scientific evidence and in-depth analysis of their limitations.
BiSCoT: improving large eukaryotic genome assemblies with optical maps
Authors: Istace Benjamin , Belser Caroline , Aury Jean-Marc 
Published: November 2020

Motivation
Long read sequencing and Bionano Genomics optical maps are two techniques that, when used together, make it possible to reconstruct entire chromosome or chromosome arms structure. However, the existing tools are often too conservative and organization of contigs into scaffolds is not always optimal.

Results
We developed BiSCoT (Bionano SCaffolding COrrection Tool), a tool that post-processes files generated during a Bionano scaffolding in order to produce an assembly of greater contiguity and quality. BiSCoT was tested on a human genome and four publicly available plant genomes sequenced with Nanopore long reads and improved significantly the contiguity and quality of the assemblies. BiSCoT generates a fasta file of the assembly as well as an AGP file which describes the new organization of the input assembly.

Availability
BiSCoT and improved assemblies are freely available on GitHub at http://www.genoscope.cns.fr/biscot and Pypi at https://pypi.org/project/biscot/.
Engineering of Living Cells with Polyphenol‐Functionalized Biologically Active Nanocomplexes
Authors: Zhao Zongmin , Pan Daniel C. , Qi Qin M. , Kim Jayoung , Kapate Neha , Sun Tao , Shields C. Wyatt , Wang Lily Li‐Wen , Wu Debra , Kwon Christopher J. , He Wei , Guo Junling , Mitragotri Samir 
Published: November 2020

AbstractApproaches to safely and effectively augment cellular functions without compromising the inherent biological properties of the cells, especially through the integration of biologically labile domains, remain of great interest. Here, a versatile strategy to assemble biologically active nanocomplexes, including proteins, DNA, mRNA, and even viral carriers, on cellular surfaces to generate a cell‐based hybrid system referred to as “Cellnex” is established. This strategy can be used to engineer a wide range of cell types used in adoptive cell transfers, including erythrocytes, macrophages, NK cells, T cells, etc. Erythrocytenex can enhance the delivery of cargo proteins to the lungs in vivo by 11‐fold as compared to the free cargo counterpart. Biomimetic microfluidic experiments and modeling provided detailed insights into the targeting mechanism. In addition, Macrophagenex is capable of enhancing the therapeutic efficiency of anti‐PD‐L1 checkpoint inhibitors in vivo. This simple and adaptable approach may offer a platform for the rapid generation of complex cellular systems.
Thermodynamic Properties and Molecular Packing Explain Performance and Processing Procedures of Three D18:NFA Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Zhen , Peng Zhengxing , Xiao Zuo , Seyitliyev Dovletgeldi , Gundogdu Kenan , Ding Liming , Ade Harald 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) based on D18:Y6 have recently exhibited a record power conversion efficiency of over 18%. The initial work is extended and the device performance of D18‐based OSCs is compared with three non‐fullerene acceptors, Y6, IT‐4F, and IEICO‐4Cl, and their molecular packing characteristics and miscibility are studied. The D18 polymer shows unusually strong chain extension and excellent backbone ordering in all films, which likely contributes to the excellent hole‐transporting properties. Thermodynamic characterization indicates a room‐temperature miscibility for D18:Y6 and D18:IT‐4F near the percolation threshold. This corresponds to an ideal quench depth and explains the use of solvent vapor annealing rather than thermal annealing. In contrast, D18:IEICO‐4Cl is a low‐miscibility system with a deep quench depth during casting and poor morphology control and low performance. A failure of ternary blends with PC71BM is likely due to the near‐ideal miscibility of Y6 to begin with and indicates that strategies for developing successful ternary or quaternary solar cells are likely very different for D18 than for other high‐performing donors. This work reveals several unique property–performance relations of D18‐based photovoltaic devices and helps guide design or fabrication of yet higher efficiency OSCs.
Hydrazine Formation via Coupling of a Nickel(III)–NH2 Radical
Authors: Gu Nina X. , Oyala Paul H. , Peters Jonas C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractM(NHx) intermediates involved in N−N bond formation are central to ammonia oxidation (AO) catalysis, an enabling technology to ultimately exploit ammonia (NH3) as an alternative fuel source. While homocoupling of a terminal amide species (M‐NH2) to form hydrazine (N2H4) has been proposed, well‐defined examples are without precedent. Herein, we discuss the generation and electronic structure of a NiIII‐NH2 species that undergoes bimolecular coupling to generate a NiII2(N2H4) complex. This hydrazine adduct can be further oxidized to a structurally unusual Ni2(N2H2) species; this releases N2 in the presence of NH3, thus establishing a synthetic cycle for Ni‐mediated AO. Distribution of the redox load for H2N‐NH2 formation via NH2 coupling between two metal centers presents an attractive strategy for AO catalysis using Earth‐abundant, late first‐row metals.
High‐Rate Lithium‐Ion Cycling in Electrodeposited Binder‐Free Thin‐Film Vanadium Oxide Cathodes with Lithium Metal Anodes in Ionic Liquid and Polymer Gel Analogue Electrolytes
Authors: McGrath Louise M. , Rohan James F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh rate and long cycle life performance for electrodeposited, binder‐free V2O5 thin film cathodes and lithium metal anodes is described using liquid and polymer gel electrolytes of the pyrrolidinium based (C4mpyrTFSI) ionic liquid (IL). Sharp well‐defined voltammetric peaks typically seen with nanostructured V2O5 materials in organic electrolytes, support the fast kinetics observed. The addition of vinylene carbonate (VC) stabilises the electrolyte interface leading to higher electrode capacities than for the additive‐free electrolyte, ∼120 versus ∼90 mAh g−1 at 0.75 C. Polymer gel electrolytes based on the IL yield similar electrode capacities, coulombic efficiencies and high rate performances without the VC‐additive. The polymer gel option delivers the better long‐term stability up to 400 cycles with lithium metal anodes with minimal capacity fade at elevated charge and discharge rates up to 5 C.
Exact change point detection with improved power in small‐sample binomial sequences
Authors: Ellenberger David , Lausen Berthold , Friede Tim 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTo detect a change in the probability of a sequence of independent binomial random variables, a variety of asymptotic and exact testing procedures have been proposed. Whenever the sample size or the event rate is small, asymptotic approximations of maximally selected test statistics have been shown to be inaccurate. Although exact methods control the type I error rate, they can be overly conservative due to the discreteness of the test statistics in these situations. We extend approaches by Worsley and Halpern to develop a test that is less discrete to increase the power. Building on ideas from binary segmentation, the proposed test utilizes unused information in the binomial sequences to add a new ordering to test statistics that are of equal value. The exact distributions are derived under side conditions that arise in hypothetical segmentation steps and do not depend on the type of test statistic used (e.g., log likelihood ratio, cumulative sum, or Fisher's exact test). Using the proposed exact segmentation procedure, we construct a change point test and prove that it controls the type‐I‐error rate at any given nominal level. Furthermore, we prove that the new test is uniformly at least as powerful as Worsley's exact test. In a Monte Carlo simulation study, the gain in power can be remarkable, especially in scenarios with small sample size. Giving a clinical database example about pin site infections and an example assessing publication bias in neuropsychiatric drug research, we demonstrate the wide‐ranging applicability of the test.
Heatstroke‐like symptoms in a patient with coronavirus disease pneumonia
Authors: Deguchi Ryo , Ohba Hikoaki , Haga Taiki , Ujiro Atsushi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWhile there are no clear indications for body temperature control during viral infections such as COVID‐19, if heat stress caused by COVID‐19 leads to organ failure, then proactive body temperature regulation may be an effective treatment option.
Wenn die Hitze fehlt
Authors: Günther Sabine 
Published: November 2020

Abstractüberdruckkapselung ist eine einfache Methode, um elektrische Betriebsmittel während der Verwendung in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen zu schützen, erfordert jedoch eine sorgfältige Planung. Einige der häufigsten Probleme, die bei der Anwendung der überdru
Fit für das 21. Jahrhundert
Authors: Dittmar Patricia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDie Corona‐Krise hat gezeigt, wie wichtig die Digitalisierung in Service und Instandhaltung heute ist, um Betriebe auch in schwierigen Zeiten am Laufen zu halten: Einsatzplanung aus dem Home Office, Servicetechniker, die dank ihrer mobilen App von zuhause