bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should We Consider Deep Brain Stimulation Discontinuation in Late‐Stage Parkinson's Disease?
Authors: Fabbri Margherita , Zibetti Maurizio , Rizzone Mario Giorgio , Giannini Giulia , Borellini Linda , Stefani Alessandro , Bove Francesco , Bruno Andrea , Calandra‐Buonaura Giovanna , Modugno Nicola , Piano Carla , Peppe Antonella , Ardolino Gianluca , Romagnolo Alberto , Artusi Carlo Alberto , Berchialla Paola , Montanaro Elisa , Cortelli Pietro , Luigi Romito , Eleopra Roberto , Minafra Brigida , Pacchetti Claudio , Tufo Tommaso , Cogiamanian Filippo , Lopiano Leonardo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundSubthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS) effects may decrease with Parkinson's disease (PD) progression. There is no indication if, when, and how to consider the interruption of DBS treatment in late‐stage PD. The objective of the current study was to investigate the percentage of “poor stimulation responders” among late‐stage PD patients for elaborating an algorithm to decide whether and when DBS discontinuation may be considered.MethodsLate‐stage PD patients (Hoehn Yahr stage ≥4 and Schwab and England Scale <50 in medication on/stimulation on condition) treated with STN‐DBS for at least 5 years underwent a crossover, double‐blind, randomized evaluation of acute effects of stimulation. Physicians, caregivers, and patients were blinded to stimulation conditions. Poor stimulation responders (MDS‐UPDRS part III change <10% between stimulation on/medication off and stimulation off/medication off) maintained the stimulation off/medication on condition for 1 month for open‐label assessment.ResultsThirty‐six patients were included. The acute effect of stimulation was significant (17% MDS‐UPDRS part III), with 80% of patients classified as “good responders.” Seven patients were classified as “poor stimulation responders,” and the stimulation was switched off, but in 4 cases the stimulation was switched back “on” because of worsening of parkinsonism and dysphagia with a variable time delay (up to 10 days). No serious adverse effects occurred.ConclusionsThe vast majority of late‐stage PD patients (92%) show a meaningful response to STN‐DBS. Effects of stimulation may take days to disappear after its discontinuation. We present a safe and effective decisional algorithm that could guide physicians and caregivers in making challenging therapeutic decisions in late‐stage PD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Diel Influences on Silver Carp Catch Rates Using an Electrified Paupier in Lentic Habitats
Authors: Ridgway Josey L. , Goeckler Jason M. , Morris Jessica , Hammen Jeremy J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The CPUE (fish/6,000 m3) of Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix obtained by using an electrified butterfly trawl (paupier) was evaluated among various temporal (time of day and season) and spatial (location, habitat [shoreline and open water], and water depth) factors that are likely to be influential in large lentic habitats. The paupier sampled the upper water column (1.5 m) in three locations (Kentucky Lake, Kentucky [two embayments]; Lake Barkley, Kentucky [forebay]; and upper Illinois River, Illinois [two backwaters]). Sampling commenced 2 h prior to sunset and continued into the night, not exceeding 5 h beyond sunset. Model selection showed that all temporal and spatial factors were important. Post hoc analysis revealed that Silver Carp CPUE was higher at night (beyond 1 h after sunset), in shoreline habitat, and in water generally no deeper than 5 m. Seasonal variation in CPUE occurred, but in general the CPUE was high in the fall for all locations. Considering these results for management application, we estimated the sampling effort required to reach precise CPUE and adequately assess size structure (125 stock-length fish) in shoreline habitat at night. These sampling objectives were attainable in the spring and fall seasons for all locations (4–31 deployments) but were more variable in summer. We recommend consideration of the paupier as a standard method to sample Silver Carp in large lentic habitats by using the guidelines provided herein (i.e., sampling of the shoreline beyond 1 h after sunset during the fall season). An important next step to strengthen this method is to validate CPUE as an index of density.
Assessing Accuracy and Bias of Protocols to Estimate Age of Pacific Salmon Using Scales
Authors: Harris Julianne E. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Accurate estimates of age composition are essential for fisheries management, but evaluation of protocols to estimate age data are rarely conducted. Herein, known-age Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. from six hatchery stocks were used to examine accuracy of multiple scale-aging protocols and to assess how errors in age assignment may affect age composition estimated from scale data. Accuracy reached 1.0 for one stock of Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, over 0.9 for three stocks of spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, and was no higher than 0.8 for two stocks of fall Chinook Salmon. For all hatchery stocks, accuracy increased and bias decreased when readers had auxiliary information about a fish's fork length and sex. Results suggest that a protocol that collects scales from above the lateral line, provides auxiliary information on fork length and sex, allows readers to exclude individuals for which age appears unclear, and uses an arbitrator to assign age when two initial readers disagree may produce the most accurate and unbiased age data from scales. This study highlights the importance of assessing patterns in age errors both qualitatively and quantitatively. A general pattern of overestimating age for younger age-classes and underestimating age for older age-classes was evident. This pattern in age errors could affect age composition estimates for adult Pacific salmon and other species with few (e.g., two to six) age-classes. In addition, individual variation in demographic rates may affect individual patterns identified on scales; thus, for stocks with more extensive individual demographic variability, like fall Chinook Salmon stocks, accuracy may be lower and bias higher, resulting in less accurate estimates of age composition.
Construct Validity of the Gait Assessment and Intervention Tool (GAIT) in People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Gor‐García‐Fogeda María Dolores , Cano‐de‐la‐Cuerda Roberto , Daly Janis J , Molina‐Rueda Francisco 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionIn clinical practice, observational scales are the most common approach used to assess gait pattern in people with neurological disorders. The Gait Assessment and Intervention Tool (GAIT) is an observational gait scale, and it has proved to be the most comprehensive, homogeneous, and objective of all the observational gait scales studied in people with neurological conditions.ObjectiveTo study the construct validity of the GAIT in people with multiple sclerosis (MS).DesignAn observational study was conducted.SettingMultiple Sclerosis Foundation in Madrid (Spain).PatientsThirty‐five patients with MS were assessed.Main Outcome Measure(s)GAIT construct validity was assessed using the following scales: Rivermead Visual Gait Assessment (RVGA), Tinetti Gait Scale (TGS), 10‐Meter Walking Test (10MWT), Timed Up&Go (TUG), Hauser Ambulatory Index (HAI), Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale‐12 (MSWS‐12), Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), and Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI).ResultsA total of 35 subjects with MS were assessed. The correlations between the GAIT and the RVGA were excellent (r > .90) and moderate with TGS (values between ‐.62 and ‐.59). Correlations with HAI, FGA, MSWS‐12, and RMI were moderate (with values between .57 and .67). Correlations were lower for the velocity scales TUG and MAS.ConclusionsThe construct validity of the GAIT is high, as a measure of gait coordination in people with MS. Specifically, there was excellent correlation with the RVGA. There was a moderate correlation for the GAIT with measures of functional mobility, but a lesser correlation of the GAIT with measures restricted to temporal gait characteristics (speed measures) or measurements of impairments underlying gait patterns such as balance or muscle tone.
Accuracy of Wearable Devices for Measuring Heart Rate During Conventional and Nordic Walking
Authors: Baek Sora , Ha Yuncheol , Park Hee‐won 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionNordic walking is being used increasingly as an exercise method in many clinical disorders. To apply Nordic walking in cases of fragile or deconditioned patients, monitoring of exercise intensity such as heart rate (HR) measurement is required. The accuracy of wearable HR monitors during Nordic walking has not yet been reported.ObjectiveTo compare the accuracy of an electrocardiography (ECG)–based HR monitor (Polar H7) and a photoplethysmography (PPG)–based HR monitor (Fitbit Charge 2) during conventional and Nordic walking.DesignAccuracy was assessed by comparing the HR values obtained using the wearable devices with those obtained via 12‐lead ECG as a reference.SettingLaboratory setting.ParticipantsFifteen male volunteers age 23.7 ± 3.0 years.InterventionsNone.Main Outcomes MeasuresHR was simultaneously recorded via 12‐lead ECG, the Polar H7, and the Fitbit Charge 2 during conventional and Nordic walking. Agreement between the devices was assessed by calculating Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (rc), the mean absolute difference, and the limit of agreement (LoA) from Bland‐Altman plots.ResultsRegarding HR values including Nordic and conventional walking, there was a better agreement between the Polar H7 and the reference (rc = 0.96) than between the Fitbit Charge 2 and the reference (rc = 0.84). For the Polar H7, the mean absolute difference from the reference did not differ significantly between the walking methods; for the Fitbit Charge 2, the mean absolute difference was significantly higher during Nordic walking than during conventional walking (6.60 vs. 3.68 bpm, P < .001). The Fitbit Charge 2 had a wider LoA than did the Polar H7 during both walking methods.ConclusionECG‐based wearable devices may be better than PPG‐based devices for monitoring HR during Nordic walking. However, both types of devices may adequately monitor HR during conventional walking.
Continuous release of O2−/ONOO− in plasma‐exposed HEPES‐buffered saline promotes TRP channel‐mediated uptake of a large cation
Authors: Sasaki Shota , Zheng Yuexing , Mokudai Takayuki , Kanetaka Hiroyasu , Tachikawa Masanori , Kanzaki Makoto , Kaneko Toshiro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAlthough the externally controllable extracellular supply of the short‐lived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, such as O2•−, •NO, and ONOO−, could potentially manipulate cellular functions, their simple administration to cells is likely to be ineffective due to their rapid deactivation. In this study, we found a method of a continuous supply of O2•−/ONOO− over a few minutes, which is triggered by irradiation of a nonequilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma to commonly used organic buffers (e.g., 4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐1‐piperazineethanesulfonic acid, HEPES). In addition, a continuous low‐dose O2•−/ONOO− supply was shown to induce a physiologically relevant Ca2+ response and subsequently the uptake of a large cation mediated by transient receptor potential channel family member(s). Our results provide a novel approach to the continuous O2•−/ONOO− supply, requiring controllable and mass‐volume treatments.
Ion composition of a multicomponent beam plasma formed by electron‐beam evaporation of a boron‐containing target in medium vacuum
Authors: Yushkov Yury G. , Oks Efim M. , Tyunkov Andrey V. , Zolotukhin Denis B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThin boron and boron nitride films are applied in microelectronics due to their high hardness and strength, and low electrical conductivity. However, methods for fabrication of such films are limited. One promising method is electron‐beam evaporation of a boron‐containing target to form a boron‐containing plasma. In this study, we describe our investigations of the ion mass‐to‐charge composition of the multicomponent plasma generated by heating and evaporation of boron or boron nitride targets by a continuous electron beam in a helium or nitrogen atmosphere at medium vacuum pressure (about 10 Pa). We show that at beam power sufficient for intense evaporation of the boron target, there is an increase in the mass fraction of boron ions in the plasma. For the case of evaporation of a boron nitride target, the deposited coating contains both boron and nitrogen, implying incomplete dissociation of boron nitride molecules in the evaporation process. The results of our study demonstrate the utility of electron‐beam evaporation of high melting point binary compounds in medium vacuum for coating deposition.
Movement quality evaluation and its correlation with recommended functional measures in hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Olsen Aarid Liland , Magnussen Liv Heide , Skjaerven Liv Helvik , Assmus Jörg , Sundal Mary‐Anne , Ostelo Raymond , Strand Liv Inger 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveHip osteoarthritis may cause compensational movement strategies that require extra physical and mental effort. Such aberrant functioning can be captured in movement quality evaluation. The objective of this study was to explore whether movement quality, evaluated as a multiperspective phenomenon, is reflected in commonly used and recommended functional measures in this group of patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study design was used. Baseline included 80 female and 21 male participants with hip osteoarthritis. Movement quality was evaluated by the Body Awareness Rating Scale—Movement Quality and Experience (BARS‐MQE), part one, including 12 movement items. Correlation analyses (Pearson and Spearman) were performed to explore associations between BARS‐MQE (sum score and single item scores), and scores on measures of physical capacity (Chair test, Stairs test, 6 minutes walking test; 6MWT), self‐reported activity level (UCLA), function (HOOS subscales), pain during walking (NRS), self‐efficacy (ASES) and health (EQ‐5D‐5L). Based on previous evidence, we hypothesized moderate associations between BARS‐MQE and these measures.ResultsBARS‐MQE's sum score showed moderate associations with Stairs test, 6MWT and UCLA (r = −0.425 to 0.304) and weak associations (r = 0.29 to 0.12) with ASES Pain and Symptoms, HOOS ADL, Chair test, NRS, HOOS Pain and Sports, and EQ‐5D‐5L. No association was found between BARS‐MQE and HOOS Symptoms and Quality of life. Movement quality in item 12, walking, demonstrated moderate or weak association with all included measures.ConclusionIn this study of participants diagnosed with hip osteoarthritis, movement quality evaluated by BARS‐MQE was moderately reflected in measures of physical capacity and activity, but weakly reflected in self‐reported measures of health problems. With its particular dynamic procedure and inclusion of the whole moving person, movement quality evaluation by the BARS‐MQE was shown to provide supplementary information on functioning, scarcely captured by the commonly used and recommended measures.
Edge Mostar index of chemical structures and nanostructures using graph operations
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Akhter Shehnaz , Iqbal Zahid 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecently, a new bond‐additive molecular topological descriptor, named the Mostar index, has been put forward as a measure of peripherality in chemical graphs and networks. In this article, we determine the edge versions of the Mostar index of a corona product, Cartesian product, join, Indu‐Bala product, and subdivision vertex‐edge join of graphs and implement these outcomes to find the edge Mostar index of several classes of chemical graphs and nanostructures.
Evaluation of fall applied liquid swine manure with encapsulated nitrapyrin
Authors: Sassman Aaron M. , Barker Daniel W. , Lundvall John P. , Sawyer John E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFall applied liquid swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) manure (LSM) can lead to economic and environmental concerns due to potentially enhanced NO3 loss. Objectives of this study were to evaluate LSM application timing and use of Instinct nitrification inhibitor, and compare to anhydrous ammonia (AA). Treatments were a no‐N control, AA (without Instinct), and LSM with three Instinct rates applied each of 3 yr on October 1 (early fall) and November 1 (late fall). The effect of Instinct was inconsistent. Instinct increased soil NH4–N concentrations in fall (only early fall LSM application) and spring sampled LSM injection zones. However, in the late spring Instinct had no effect to minimal positive effect on soil inorganic–N, and the high rate was not more effective than the low rate. Corn (Zea mays L.) canopy normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) was not influenced by Instinct or different between N source, and greatest with late fall N application. Across years, Instinct increased corn grain yield only when early fall applied with the low rate. However, LSM with Instinct had lower yield compared to AA. Waiting to apply N in late fall provided increased inorganic N retention, and with LSM higher corn yield. Based on this study, AA was a better fall applied N source compared to LSM with or without Instinct. A decision to use Instinct with LSM must weigh cost of the inhibitor against other options, such as delayed fall or spring application, or use of AA.
PBPK Modeling of Slightly Soluble Silver Nanomaterials and Regulatory Acceptance
Authors: Klaessig Frederick C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInternational efforts to promote predictive toxicology incorporate some form of modeling based on the regularities, insights, and hypotheses gained from analyzing laboratory studies compiled in databases. While there has been a broad commentary on definitions, metadata, and test methodologies, all necessary to establishing data repositories, there has been less on translating the resulting insights into computational models. The recent use of a computational model to support a recommended exposure limit for nanoparticulate silver is an opportunity to examine physiologically based toxicokinetics in terms of data availability, model verification and validation, and regulatory acceptance. The resulting suggestions align with findings from the EU–US Roadmap Nanoinformatics 2030 and the 2018 acceptance of a computational model by the European Food Safety Authority.
Rh2S3/N‐Doped Carbon Hybrids as pH‐Universal Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Energy‐Saving Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Chaoxiong , Liu Haoxuan , Liu Yifan , Liu Xijun , Mi Yuying , Guo Ruijie , Sun Jiaqiang , Bao Haihong , He Jia , Qiu Yuan , Ren Junqiang , Yang Xiangjun , Luo Jun , Hu Guangzhi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUsing hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) to replace the oxygen evolution reaction is an effective way to decrease the overpotential of the anodic reaction in overall water splitting (OWS), facilitating cost‐effective and safe hydrogen production. Herein, Rh2S3/N‐doped carbon hybrids (Rh2S3/NC) are first reported as novel and efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrazine‐assisted hydrogen generation over a wide pH range. Specifically, Rh2S3/NC exhibits low overpotentials for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline (38 mV), neutral (46 mV), and acidic (21 mV) electrolytes, to reach the current density of 10 mA cm−2, and maintains the activities over 70 h. Meanwhile, Rh2S3/NC also displays competitive HzOR performance at all‐pH electrolytes. Thus, serving as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for both HER and HzOR, Rh2S3/NC shows overwhelming‐Pt/C performance in three electrolytes, and can save over 93.3%, 85.2%, and 78.3% energy consumption compared to the corresponding OWS system. Moreover, theoretical calculations confirm that Rh2S3/NC owns low free‐energy changes of the H adsorption and the dehydrogenation of adsorbed NHNH both of which are beneficial to enhance catalytic activity. This work develops a novel bifunctional electrocatalyst with free pH‐dependent condition for the hydrazine‐assisted electrolysis system to furtherly reduce the cost of massive industrial H2 production.
Fucoxanthin treatment inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation through induction of autophagy mechanism
Authors: Long Yun , Cao Xianbao , Zhao Ruiquan , Gong Sunmin , Jin Lijuan , Feng Chun 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) arises from the epithelium of the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Elderly people above the age of 65 years are more susceptible to NPC. Nasopharyngectomy is the renowned treatment procedure to NPC; however, it is too risky due to its complicated surgical procedure. Other treatment methods also reported with serious side effects such brain injury; hence, the alternative anticancer drug without any side effects was needed. Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid derived from marine algae with the numerous pharmacological functions. This study aims to examine the inhibitory potential in NPC cell proliferation via apoptosis and autophagy. The cytotoxicity of fucoxanthin on C666‐1 cells was observed by the MTT assay. The expression of autophagy‐linked proteins was assessed with immunoblotting analysis. The expression of autophagy protein LC3 was estimated using immunocytochemical analysis in C666‐1 and GFP‐LC3 transfected cells. Furthermore, the fucoxanthin‐treated C666‐1 cells were analyzed with TUNEL assay. The apoptotic level in the fucoxanthin‐treated C666‐1 cells was evaluated using acridine orange staining. Fucoxanthin significantly increased the expression of autophagy‐linked proteins which is clearly depicted in the immunoblotting analysis and immunocytochemical analysis of GFP‐tagged LC3 protein. The results of TUNEL assay of fucoxanthin‐treated C666‐1 in the presence autophagy inhibitors demonstrated the induction of autophagy by fucoxanthin. Acridine orange staining results of C666‐1 confirmed fucoxanthin decreases the expression of autophagy‐linked proteins during stressed condition thereby causes apoptosis. Our overall results authentically conclude that fucoxanthin induces autophagy and apoptosis in NPC cell line, and it can be ideal agent to treat nasopharyngeal cancer in future with further investigations.