bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A virtual prototype for performance analysis of electropneumatic brake on metro trains
Authors: Zuo Jianyong , Ding Jingxian , Liu Cheng , Luo Zhuojun 
Published: June 2020

In order to facilitate system design and performance analysis, a virtual prototype for metro train electropneumatic brakes is proposed. A virtual braking environment that consists of a three-car train model and six electropneumatic brakes model is elaborated. The virtual braking environment can be used to research the relation between braking response and electropneumatic brake’s parameters and to simulate axle loading transfer. By comparing the simulation results with bench test data, the electropneumatic brake model is proven to be quite accurate. Based on the proposed virtual prototype, a test train brake is designed, and a couple of field tests are carried out. The average deceleration of electropneumatic compound service brake at the initial speed of 45 km/h is 0.83 m/s2, the braking distance is 94 m, and that of pure air service brake at the speed of 43 km/h is 0.64 m/s2, the braking distance is 111 m. The field test results satisfy the test train requirements, which further proves the effectiveness of the proposed virtual prototype.
In the eye of the storm: the right ventricle in COVID‐19
Authors: Park John F. , Banerjee Somanshu , Umar Soban 
Published: June 2020

The corona virus disease of 2019 pandemic caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus continues to inflict significant morbidity and mortality around the globe. A variety of cardiovascular presentations of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection have been described so far. However, the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 on the right ventricle is largely unknown. Due to its pathophysiologic relevance, the right ventricle finds itself in the eye of the storm of corona virus disease of 2019, placing it at higher risk of failure. Increased afterload from acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary embolism, negative inotropic effects of cytokines, and direct angiotensin converting enzyme 2‐mediated cardiac injury from SARS‐CoV‐2 are potential mechanisms of right ventricle dysfunction in corona virus disease of 2019. Early detection and treatment of right ventricle dysfunction may lead to decreased mortality and improved patient outcomes in corona virus disease of 2019.
Promoting Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Beck Edvardsen Jorunn , Hetmann Fredrik 
Published: June 2020

Introduction Intensive care nurses face several challenges to facilitating sleep in their critically ill patients. With its high noise levels, hectic around-the-clock activity and constant artificial lights, the intensive care environment does not foster sleep. Intensive care unit patients have significant alterations in their sleep architecture with frequent awakenings and lighter sleep; up to 50% of this sleep also occurs during the daytime. Sleep loss increases the risk of developing delirium (especially in elderly patients) and immune system impairment, which prolongs healing. The aim of this article was to develop an evidence-based bundle of nursing care activities that promote adult intensive care patients’ sleep. Methods A broad search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and McMaster plus using search words and Medical Subject Headings terms, such as sleep, intensive care unit, intensive care, critical care nursing, sleep promotion, music, white noise, earplugs, pain relief, absence of pain, nonpharmacological intervention, and mechanical ventilation. Eight recommendations emerged from this review: reduce noise, use earplugs and eye masks, use music, promote a natural circadian rhythm, manage pain, use quiet time, cluster nursing care activities at night, and optimize ventilator modes. Conclusion Promoting sleep within this patient population needs to be a higher priority for intensive care nurses. Sleep should be a focus throughout the day and night, in order to sustain patients’ natural circadian rhythms. Novel research in this field could change the strength of these recommendations and add new recommendations to the bundle.
Anomalies in Special Permutation Flow Shop Scheduling Problems
Authors: Gui Lin , Gao Liang , Li Xinyu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent researches show that there are some anomalies, which are not satisfied with common sense, appearing in some special permutation flow shop scheduling problems (PFSPs). These anomalies can be divided into three different types, such as changing the processing time of some operations, changing the number of total jobs and changing the number of total machines. This paper summarizes these three types of anomalies showing in the special PFSPs and gives some examples to make them better understood. The extended critical path is proposed and the reason why these anomalies happen in special PFSPs is given: anomalies will occur in these special PFSPs when the time of the operations on the reverse critical path changes. After that, the further reason for these anomalies is presented that when any one of these three types of anomalies happens, the original constraint in the special PFSPs is destroyed, which makes the anomalies appear. Finally, the application of these anomalies in production practice is given through examples and also with the possible research directions. The main contribution of this research is analyzing the intial reason why the anomalies appear in special PFSPs and pointing out the application and the possible research directions of all these three types of anomalies.
Silibinin suppresses epithelial–mesenchymal transition in human non-small cell lung cancer cells by restraining RHBDD1
Authors: Xu Suyan , Zhang Hongyan , Wang Aifeng , Ma Yongcheng , Gan Yuan , Li Guofeng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Rhomboid domain containing 1 (RHBDD1) plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Silibinin, which is a natural extract from milk thistle, has shown anti-tumor effects against various tumors. Here, we investigate whether silibinin affects the function of RHBDD1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell proliferation, migration and invasion.

Methods
The Oncomine database and an immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay were used to determine the RHBDD1 expression levels in lung cancer tissues. The associations between RHBDD1 and overall survival rate or clinicopathological parameters were respectively assessed using the Kaplan-Meier overall survival analysis or Chi-squared test. CCK-8 and Transwell assays were applied to analyze cell proliferation, migration and invasion. A549 cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of silibinin. RHBDD1 knockdown and overexpression were achieved via transfection with si-RHBDD1 or RHBDD1 overexpression plasmid, respectively. Western blotting was performed to measure the expressions of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers.

Results
We found that overexpression of RHBDD1 in lung cancer tissues correlates with a poor prognosis of survival. Clinical specimen analysis showed that upregulation of RHBDD1 correlates remarkably well with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. Silibinin suppresses A549 cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, RHBDD1 was downregulated in silibinin-treated A549 cells. RHBDD1 overexpression reversed the suppressive effects of silibinin on A549 cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT expression, while its knockdown enhanced them.

Conclusions
These findings shown an anti-tumor impact of silibinin on NSCLC cells via repression of RHBDD1.
Research and Development Strategies for Hybrid japonica Rice
Authors: Zheng Wenjing , Ma Zuobin , Zhao Mingzhu , Xiao Minggang , Zhao Jiaming , Wang Changhua , Gao Hong , Bai Yuanjun , Wang Hui , Sui Guomin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe utilization of heterosis has resulted in significant breakthroughs in rice breeding. However, the development of hybrid japonica has been slow in comparison with that of hybrid indica. The present review explores the history and current status of hybrid japonica breeding. With the creation of japonica cytoplasmic male sterility and photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines, both three-line and two-line systems of hybrid rice have been created, and a series of hybrid japonica rice varieties have been developed and cultivated widely. At the same time, some progress has been made in genetic research of molecular mechanism for heterosis and QTL mapping for traits such as fertility, stigma exposure and flower time. In addition, genomics and transcriptome have been widely used in the research of hybrid rice, which provides a strong support for its development. Although the research on hybrid japonica has made many advances, there are still some restrictive problems. Based on the research and production of hybrid japonica rice, the prospect and development strategies of hybrid japonica rice are analyzed.
The correlation between imaging expression of P16 and S100 in hypertrophic ligamentum flavum
Authors: Hu Wei , Liu Yidong , Kan Shunli , Zhang Tengfei , Jiang Zehua , Zhu Rusen 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundLumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common degenerative disease, which can lead to neurological dysfunction and requires surgical treatment. In the previous study, we used H&E staining and immunohistochemistry to qualitatively analyze the expression of S100 and P16 in the pathological process of ligamentum flavum (LF) hypertrophy in patients with LSS. To further explore the relationship between P16, S100 and LF hypertrophy in patients with LSS, we quantitatively detected S100 and P16 and their expressed products based on molecular biology techniques, and analyzed their imaging correlation.MethodsBefore posterior lumbar surgery, LF thickness was measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Through the operation, we obtained the specimens of LF from 120 patients, all of whom were L4/5 LF. They were designated: simple lumbar disc herniation (LDH), single-segment spinal stenosis (SLSS), and double-segment LSS (DLSS). The detection of each side of LF was assessed. S100 and P16 and their expression products were detected by western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).ResultsThe dorsal mRNA expression of P16 in DLSS group was significantly higher than that in SLSS group. On the dorsal and dural side of LF, the expression of P16 mRNA and proteins in the LDH group was significantly lower than that in SLSS and DLSS groups. We found a correlation between the thickness of LF and the expression of P16. However, there was no significant difference in the expression of S100 mRNA and S100 protein on both sides of the ligament and among the three groups, and no significant correlation between the expression of S100 and the thickness of LF.ConclusionsP16 is involved in the process of LF hypertrophy in patients with LSS, and the imaging thickness of LF is related to the expression of P16. No obvious evidence proves that S100 may be related to the hypertrophy of LF in patients with LSS.
2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside induces autophagy of liver by activating PI3K/Akt and Erk pathway in prediabetic rats
Authors: Wang Xuanbin , Zeng Jing , Wang Xiao , Li Ju , Chen Jin , Wang Ning , Zhang Miao , Feng Yibin , Guo Huailan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG) is an active compound derived from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., a Chinese Taoist herbal medicine, which exerts lipid lowering, anti-cancer, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. However, its role in protecting hepatocytes under pre-diabetic condition remains unclear.

Methods
In this study, we developed prediabetic SD rats by feeding high-fat and high-sugar diet. The body weight, blood lipid, blood glucose, and fasting insulin (FINS) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were detected and calculated to assess the potential risk of prediabetes. HE and Oil Red O staining was used, and blood level of biochemical index was detected to observe the liver injury. The autophagic cell death-associated signaling proteins, and the potential signaling factors p-Akt/Akt and p-Erk/Erk were detected using western blot to explore the potential effects of TSG on pre-diabetic liver and the underlying mechanisms.

Results
The results showed that the body weight in TSG-treated group was significantly decreased vs. the model group. The blood glucose, the level of FINS and HOMA-IR, TC and TG were decreased in TSG-treated group as well. Furthermore, TSG treatment significantly ameliorated lipid droplet accumulation, enhanced liver anti-oxidative response which may be associated with an increased activity of SOD and GSH-Px, and a decrease of LDLC and MDA. The autophagic cell death-associated proteins, p-AMPK, ATG12, LC3 II, and Beclin 1 were up-regulated in the TSG-treated group, while the upstream signaling pathway, PI3K/Akt and Erk, were activated.

Conclusions
TSG induced liver autophagic cell death to protect liver from prediabetic injury by activating PI3K/Akt and Erk.

Graphical abstract
Accommodating conscientious objection in the midwifery workforce: a ratio-data analysis of midwives, birth and late abortions in 18 European countries in 2016
Authors: Fleming Valerie , Maxwell Clare , Ramsayer Beate 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, the role of a midwife has expanded to include the provision of abortion-related care. The laws on abortion in many European countries allow for those who hold a conscientious objection to participating to refrain from such participation. However, some writers have expressed concerns that this may have a detrimental effect on the workforce and limit women’s access to the service.MethodThe aim of this study was to provide a picture of the potential exposure midwives in Europe have to late abortions, an important factor in the integration of accommodation of conscientious objection to abortion by midwives into workload planning. We collected data from Ministries of Health or government statistical departments in 32 European countries on numbers of births, abortions, late abortions and midwives in 2016. We conducted a ratio-data analysis in those countries that met the inclusion criteria.ResultsEighteen of the 32 countries provided full data; thus, our calculations are based on a total of 4 036 633 live births, 49 834 late abortions and a total of 132 071 midwives. The calculated ratios of live births to midwife, abortions to midwife and late abortions to midwife illustrate the wide variations between countries in relation to ratios of midwives to live births (15.22–53.99) and late abortions (0.17–1.47)ConclusionsThis study provides the first comprehensive insight to ratios relating to birth and abortion, especially late abortion services, with regard to the midwifery workforce. It is essential to improve the reporting of abortion data and access to it within Europe to support evidence-informed decisions on optimising the contribution of the midwifery workforce especially within highly contentious fields such as abortion services. The study’s findings suggest that there should be neither be any difficulty for those who are responsible for workload allocation nor compromises to a women’s right to abortion services.
Clinical application of the AUC-guided dosage adjustment of docetaxel-based chemotherapy for patients with solid tumours: a single centre, prospective and randomised control study
Authors: Sun Ning , Shen Bo , Zhu Jiali , Zhang Xiaomei , Zhu Huayun , Liang Geyu , Yang Deliang , Lu Jianwei , Zhang Yan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Docetaxel (DTX) is a widely used anti-tumour drug, and its dosage is solely determined by body surface area (BSA). Adverse events, such as neutropenia or unsatisfied efficacy, likely occur because of differences in the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics of patients. Thus, a feasible dosage adjustment method is needed.

Methods
A total of 209 eligible patients who provided consent were enrolled and randomised into two groups to receive the BSA- and PK-guided dosage adjustments of DTX-based chemotherapy (3 weeks per cycle). The AUC of DTX was detected, and the therapeutic window for Chinese patients was determined. The proportion of patients within the therapeutic window was evaluated. Neutropenia was examined in accordance with the toxicity grading standard suggested by the World Health Organisation. Tumour response was assessed in accordance with Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. The primary endpoint was the incidence of neutropenia, and the secondary endpoints were disease control rate (DCR) and 3-year survival rate.

Results
The therapeutic window for Chinese patients was 1.7–2.5 mg·h/L. The proportion of patients within the therapeutic window was 63.89% versus 28.33% (P < 0.0001), and the incidence of neutropenia was 68.33% versus 38.89% (P = 0.001) in the experimental group versus the control group in the sixth cycle, respectively. DCR was 72% versus 85% (P = 0.018) in the control group versus the experimental group. The 3-year survival rate of the PK group was significantly higher than that of the BSA group (P = 0.034).

Conclusions
The PK-guided dosage adjustment of DTX could significantly increase the proportion of patients within the therapeutic window, decrease the incidence of neutropenia and increase the DCR and the 3-year survival rate. The PK-guided dosage adjustment based on the dynamic monitoring of AUC could be a useful method for oncologists to improve individualised treatment options, optimise drug efficacy and reduce drug toxicity.
Misinformation about spinal manipulation and boosting immunity: an analysis of Twitter activity during the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Kawchuk Greg , Hartvigsen Jan , Harsted Steen , Nim Casper Glissmann , Nyirö Luana 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Social media has become an increasingly important tool in monitoring the onset and spread of infectious diseases globally as well monitoring the spread of information about those diseases. This includes the spread of misinformation, which has been documented within the context of the emerging COVID-19 crisis. Understanding the creation, spread and uptake of social media misinformation is of critical importance to public safety. In this descriptive study, we detail Twitter activity regarding spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) and claims it increases, or “boosts”, immunity. Spinal manipulation is a common intervention used by many health professions, most commonly by chiropractors. There is no clinical evidence that SMT improves human immunity.

Methods
Social media searching software (Talkwalker Quick Search) was used to describe Twitter activity regarding SMT and improving or boosting immunity. Searches were performed for the 3 months and 12 months before March 31, 2020 using terms related to 1) SMT, 2) the professions that most often provide SMT and 3) immunity. From these searches, we determined the magnitude and time course of Twitter activity then coded this activity into content that promoted or refuted a SMT/immunity link. Content themes, high-influence users and user demographics were then stratified as either promoting or refuting this linkage.

Results
Twitter misinformation regarding a SMT/immunity link increased dramatically during the onset of the COVID crisis. Activity levels (number of tweets) and engagement scores (likes + retweets) were roughly equal between content promoting or refuting a SMT/immunity link, however, the potential reach (audience) of tweets refuting a SMT/immunity link was 3 times higher than those promoting a link. Users with the greatest influence on Twitter, as either promoters or refuters, were individuals, not institutions or organizations. The majority of tweets promoting a SMT/immunity link were generated in the USA while the majority of refuting tweets originated from Canada.

Conclusion
Twitter activity about SMT and immunity increased during the COVID-19 crisis. Results from this work have the potential to help policy makers and others understand the impact of SMT misinformation and devise strategies to mitigate its impact.
EBV-positive intravascular large B-cell lymphoma of the liver: a case report and literature review
Authors: Li Qingjiao , Li Jinghe , Yang Keda , Peng Ying , Xiang Yao , Sun Shuyuan , Zeng Jian , Zhang Xin , Wang Junpu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is an extremely rare subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma that most commonly involves the central nervous system, skin, and bone marrow. To our knowledge, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive IVLBCL in the liver has never been reported in the literature.

Case presentation
We report a case of a 65-year-old Chinese man with complaint of fever for 18 days. No obvious abnormality was found by physical examination. Laboratory findings were notable for anemia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated level of serum lactate dehydrogenase. Bone marrow on smear, biopsy, and flow cytometry revealed no lymphoma. Imaging studies showed a slightly lower density lesion in the liver with high fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and hepatosplenomegaly. Percutaneous liver biopsy revealed clustering of large atypical lymphocytes within the hepatic sinusoids. Immunohistochemically, these lymphoma cells were positive for CD20, PAX-5, MUM-1, BCL-6 and CD5, but negative for CD3 and CD10. Besides, Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA was detected in tumor cells by in situ hybridization. BCL-2, BCL-6 and MYC genes were intact tested by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. The patient was diagnosed as IVLBCL and died after 1 month of hospitalization without receiving immunochemotherapy.

Conclusions
IVLBCL of the liver is a highly rare lymphoma with nonspecific manifestations and dismal prognosis. Full recognition of its clinicopathological features will help to better diagnose this disease.
The global burden and attributable risk factor analysis of acute myeloid leukemia in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017: estimates based on the global burden of disease study 2017
Authors: Yi Ming , Li Anping , Zhou Linghui , Chu Qian , Song Yongping , Wu Kongming 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common leukemia subtype and has a poor prognosis. The risk of AML is highly related to age. In the context of population aging, a comprehensive report presenting epidemiological trends of AML is evaluable for policy-marker to allocate healthy resources.

Methods
This study was based on the Global Burden of Disease 2017 database. We analyzed the change trends of incidence rate, death rate, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate by calculating the corresponding estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) values. Besides, we investigated the influence of social development degree on AML’s epidemiological trends and potential risk factors for AML-related mortality.

Results
From 1990 to 2017, the incidence of AML gradually increased in the globe. Males and elder people had a higher possibility to develop AML. Developed countries tended to have higher age-standardized incidence rate and death rate than developing regions. Smoking, high body mass index, occupational exposure to benzene, and formaldehyde were the main risk factors for AML-related mortality. Notably, the contribution ratio of exposure to carcinogens was significantly increased in the low social-demographic index (SDI) region than in the high SDI region.

Conclusion
Generally, the burden of AML became heavier during the past 28 years which might need more health resources to resolve this population aging-associated problem. In the present stage, developed countries with high SDI had the most AML incidences and deaths. At the same time, developing countries with middle- or low-middle SDI also need to take actions to relieve rapidly increased AML burden.