bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances of Metabolite Profiling of Plants in Challenging Environments
Authors: Sarabia Lenin D. , Hill Camilla B. , Boughton Berin A. , Roessner Ute 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPlant metabolism is profoundly involved in physiological regulation and defence responses when the environment is adverse and plant growth and development is negatively affected. Metabolomics techniques allow the characterisation of physiological and biochemical responses to different types of environmental stresses in plants, including drought, salinity, and nutrient deficiencies. Metabolomics analyses of plant systems have been mostly carried out on bulked tissues (i.e. whole roots, leaves, or shoots) which can provide important biological information about plant tolerance and avoidance mechanisms to abiotic stresses. However, individual plant organs and tissues are composed of different kinds of cells which can produce specific metabolic responses to abiotic stress. Thus, recent development and improvement of metabolomics techniques have allowed the analysis of plant metabolic changes in a spatially resolved manner (i.e.in vivometabolomics, cell‐specific metabolomics, and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI)‐based metabolomics). This article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent findings on plant metabolite changes in response to abiotic stress, recent advancements in metabolomics techniques to study plant metabolism, and prospects of MSI‐based plant metabolomics for the study of plant metabolism.
Trait Evolution in Invasive Species
Authors: Hodgins Kathryn A. , Bock Dan G. , Rieseberg Loren H. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractOne of the most exciting recent developments in the field of invasion biology has been the growing realisation that evolution can determine invasive species' success. Here, we review research on contemporary evolution in invasive populations, with a focus on traits that have the potential to contribute to invasive spread. Evidence available so far indicates adaptive divergence in quantitative traits predominates, although the contribution of non‐adaptive processes should not be easily discounted. Further, contemporary evolution of invasive populations appears to be more frequently spurred by abiotic factors, rather than escape from natural enemies. Important progress remains to be made on the role of hybridisation in invasion success, or the conditions under which rapid evolution of phenotypic plasticity at key traits leads to invasions. Also, we do not yet have a firm grasp on how often expansion load limits invasive spread. While convincing examples of adaptation along geographic or climatic gradients are available, we highlight conditions under which such clines would arise irrespective of biotic or abiotic conditions. We propose potentially important future lines of investigation that can illuminate the mechanistic basis of invasion success while maximising the value of invasive species for understanding evolutionary processes.
Salt‐Assisted Growth of P‐type Cu9S5 Nanoflakes for P‐N Heterojunction Photodetectors with High Responsivity
Authors: Yang Sanjun , Liu Kailang , Han Wei , Li Liang , Wang Fakun , Zhou Xing , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: December 2019

AbstractP‐n junctions based on two dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure are one of the most promising alternatives in next‐generation electronics and optoelectronics. By choosing different 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), the p‐n junctions have tailored energy band alignments and exhibit superior performance as photodetectors. The p‐n diodes working at reverse bias commonly have high detectivity due to suppressed dark current but suffer from low responsivity resulting from small quantum efficiency. Greater build‐in electric field in the depletion layer can improve the quantum efficiency by reducing recombination of charge carriers. Herein, Cu9S5, a novel p‐type semiconductor with direct bandgap and high optical absorption coefficient, is synthesized by salt‐assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The high density of holes in Cu9S5 endows the constructed p‐n junction, Cu9S5/MoS2, with strong build‐in electric field according to Anderson heterojunction model. Consequently, the Cu9S5/MoS2 p‐n heterojunction has low dark current at reverse bias and high photoresponse under illumination due to the efficient charge separation. The Cu9S5/MoS2 photodetector exhibits good photodetectivity of 1.6 × 1012 Jones and photoresponsivity of 76 A W−1 under illumination. This study demonstrates Cu9S5 as a promising p‐type semiconductor for high‐performance p‐n heterojunction diodes.
High‐Strain Peano‐HASEL Actuators
Authors: Wang Xingrui , Mitchell Shane K. , Rumley Ellen H. , Rothemund Philipp , Keplinger Christoph 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSoft robots are intrinsically safe for use near humans and adaptable when operated in unstructured environments, thereby offering capabilities beyond traditional robots based on rigid components. Soft actuators are key components of soft robots; recently developed hydraulically amplified self‐healing electrostatic (HASEL) actuators provide a versatile framework to create high‐speed actuators with excellent all‐around performance. Peano‐HASEL actuators linearly contract upon application of voltage, closely mimicking the behavior of muscle. Peano‐HASEL actuators, however, produce a maximum strain of ≈15%, while skeletal muscles achieve ≈20% on average. Here, a new type of HASEL is introduced, termed high‐strain Peano‐HASEL (HS‐Peano‐HASEL) actuator, that achieves linear contraction up to ≈24%. A wide range of performance metrics are investigated, and the maximum strain of multiunit HS‐Peano‐HASEL actuators is optimized by varying materials and geometry. Furthermore, an artificial circular muscle (ACM) based on the HS‐Peano‐HASEL acts as a tubular pump, resembling the primordial heart of an ascidian. Additionally, a strain‐amplifying pulley system is introduced to increase the maximum strain of an HS‐Peano‐HASEL to 42%. The muscle‐like maximum actuation strain and excellent demonstrated all‐around performance of HS‐Peano‐HASEL actuators make them promising candidates for use in artificial organs, life‐like robotic faces, and a variety of other robotic systems.
Drug Delivery Systems Based on Poly(2‐Oxazoline)s and Poly(2‐Oxazine)s
Authors: Sedlacek Ondrej , Hoogenboom Richard 
Published: December 2019

AbstractPoly(2‐oxazoline)s (PAOx) represent an established class of polymer materials with a wide range of applications. In contrast, the homologous poly(2‐oxazine)s (PAOzi) are only gaining increasing attention in the past years. Despite their high synthetic modularity and excellent biological properties, reports describing their use as a platform for construction of drug delivery systems are still relatively sparse. In this report, an overview of the recent progress in the field of drug delivery systems based on PAOx and PAOzi polymers is provided and a comparison is made with systems based on other polymer carriers, particularly poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(N‐hydroxypropylmethacrylamide) (PHPMA). The emerging potential of PAOx and PAOzi is highlighted in the context of current polymer therapeutics research.
Spin Dynamics and Dirac Nodes in a Kagome Lattice
Authors: Boyko Daniel , Saxena Avadh , Haraldsen Jason T. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHerein, the spin dynamics for various magnetic configurations arranged on a Kagome lattice is investigated. Using a Holstein–Primakoff expansion of the isotropic Heisenberg Hamiltonian with multiple exchange parameters, the development and evolution of magnetic Dirac nodes with both anisotropy and magnetic field are examined. From the classical energies, the phase diagrams for the ferromagnetic (FM), antiferrimagnetic (AfM), and the 120° phases are shown as functions of J1, J2, J3, and anisotropy. Furthermore, the production of bosonic Dirac and Weyl nodes in the spin‐wave spectra is shown. Through frustration of the magnetic geometry, a connection to the asymmetric properties of the Kagome lattice and the various antiferromagnetic configurations is discerned. Most interesting is the 120° phase, which does not have Dirac nodes when considering only J1 due to the formation of an analogous antiferromagnetic honeycomb lattice, but gains Dirac symmetry with next‐nearest neighbor interactions. Additionally, the presence of flat modes that are characteristic of cluster excitations is shown. Further study of external frustrations from a magnetic field and anisotropy reveals a tunability of the exchange interactions and nodal points.
Dual stimuli responsive neutral/cationic polymers/clay nanocomposite hydrogels
Authors: Amjadi Ahdieh , Sirousazar Mohammad , Kokabi Mehrdad 
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACTIn this work, a thermodynamic‐based equilibrium‐swelling model was proposed to predict the swelling process of neutral/cationic polymers‐clay nanocomposite hydrogels sensitive to dual stimuli temperature and pH. Indeed, the new swelling model can estimate the effect of the rigid clay nanoparticles component on swelling behavior of blend nanocomposite hydrogels. The mixing term in model was developed based on lattice theory by considering the effects of solvent‐polymers, solvent‐clay, and polymer‐clay interaction parameters. The influence of the ionic groups of the clay layers and cationic polymer on the swelling was also taken into account in the proposed model. The model was verified by preparation of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/montmorillonite intelligent nanocomposite hydrogel by tripolyphosphate crosslinking method followed by freezing–thawing process. It was found that it could give good prediction for the equilibrium swelling of polymer‐clay nanocomposite hydrogels in the case of phantom network, especially where the swelling temperature and clay loading level are high and the pH of swelling medium is low. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48797.
Nanographite‐based fluorescent biosensor for detecting microRNA using duplex‐specific nuclease‐assisted recycling
Authors: He Qizhi , Luo Huaiqing , Chen Lingli , Dong Jun , Chen Keke , Ning Yi 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe development of a nanographite (NG)‐based fluorescent biosensor for detecting microRNA (miRNA) is reported. Duplex‐specific nuclease (DSN)‐assisted signal amplification was key to its function. In the absence of a target, with the assistance of p‐stacking interactions, the NG adsorbed the double carboxyfluorescein (FAM)‐labelled probe (DFP) whose surface was perfectly complementary to miRNA, leading to quenching of FAM fluorescence. In the presence of a target, double‐stranded DNA/RNA hybrids were repelled by the NG and fluorescence was restored. Meanwhile, the considerable increase in signal strength and sensitivity suggests DSN‐mediated target recycling as an application. The detection limit of the proposed biosensor for miRNA was 10 pmol/L; there was a linear correlation when the miRNA concentration ranged from 50 pmol/L to 5 nmol/L. Additionally, the method could distinguish let‐7b from most let‐7 miRNA family members and was successfully used in a sample assay. This biosensor is a novel and highly sensitive tool for miRNA detection and has great potential for biochemical research, disease diagnosis, and therapy.
Amine Sorbents for Selective Recovery of Heavy Rare‐Earth Elements (Dysprosium, Ytterbium) from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wang Qiuming , Kail Brian W. , Wilfong Walter C. , Shi Fan , Tarka Thomas J. , Gray McMahan L. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe supply shortages of rare‐earth elements (REEs) necessitate low‐cost and efficient processes for the recovery of valuable REE commodities. A covalently anchored polyethylenimine‐epoxysilane‐silica sorbent was prepared by simple wet impregnation and engineered to afford selective separation of REEs into heavy and light element groups. Remarkably, the sorbent allowed the cyclic recovery of >80 % of ppb‐level REEs and around 0 % of the ppm‐level Na, Mg, Ca from acid mine drainage solution, thus highlighting the applicability of the sorbent for concentrating REEs from practical waste streams. Moreover, the sorbent is promising for pre‐concentration of 7.6 wt% REEs, exceeding the U.S. Department of Energy REEs pre‐concentration objective. Notably, the use of an immobilized amine sorbent for the selective separation of the heavier REEs by an adsorption‐elution process allowed only the heavier species (>99 % Dy+Yb) to be concentrated and separated. This represents a practical and highly efficient sorbent adsorption‐desorption procedure that both concentrates and separates high‐purity REE from low‐concentration REE sources.
A systematic review of enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT‐E) for eating disorders
Authors: Atwood Molly E. , Friedman Aliza 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo review the literature examining the efficacy and effectiveness of enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT‐E) for adults and older adolescents with eating disorders.MethodA systematic search of the literature (using PsycINFO and PubMed) was conducted in order to identify relevant publications (randomized controlled trials [RCTs] and uncontrolled trials) up to June 2019. Effect sizes were reported for outcomes including treatment attrition and remission rates, eating disorder behaviors, body mass index (BMI), and core eating disorder psychopathology. The Downs and Black checklist was used to assess the quality of included studies.ResultsTwenty studies (10 RCTs and 10 uncontrolled trials) met criteria for inclusion. Support was found for the efficacy and effectiveness of CBT‐E for the full spectrum of eating disorders, with respect to reducing eating disorder behaviors and core psychopathology. BMI also increased, with large effects, for individuals with AN. However, the majority of the randomized trials included in this review did not demonstrate superiority of CBT‐E over comparison treatments, particularly in the longer‐term. Furthermore, rates of attrition and remission for CBT‐E among individuals without AN did not appear to differ from rates for CBT‐BN.DiscussionThere is evidence to support CBT‐E as an efficacious and effective treatment for adults and older adolescents with a range of eating disorder diagnoses. Future research would benefit from directly comparing CBT‐E to CBT‐BN, expanding measured outcomes to include driven exercise and subjective binge eating, increasing consistency in the definition and measurement of outcomes, and exploring factors associated with treatment retention.
Population genetics and sympatric divergence of the freshwater gudgeon, Gobiobotia filifer, in the Yangtze River inferred from mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Wang Dengqiang , Gao Lei , Tian Huiwu , Dong Weiwei , Duan Xinbin , Liu Shaoping , Chen Daqing 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe ecosystem and Pleistocene glaciations play important roles in population demography. The freshwater gudgeon, Gobiobotia filifer, is an endemic benthic fish in the Yangtze River and is a good model for ecological and evolutionary studies. This study aimed to decode the population structure of G. filifer in the Yangtze River and reveal whether divergence occurred before or after population radiation. A total of 292 specimens from eight locations in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River were collected from 2014 to 2016 and analyzed via mitochondrial DNA Cyt b gene sequencing. A moderately high level of genetic diversity was found without structures among the population. However, phylogenetic and network topology showed two distinct haplotype groups, and each group contained a similar proportion of individuals from all sampled sites. This suggested the existence of two genetically divergent source populations in G. filifer. We deduced that a secondary contact of distinct glacial refugia was the main factor creating sympatric populations of G. filifer, and climate improvement promoted population expansion and colonization.
In vitro antimicrobial activities of Saudi honeys originating from Ziziphus spina‐christi L. and Acacia gerrardii Benth. trees
Authors: Owayss Ayman A. , Elbanna Khaled , Iqbal Javaid , Abulreesh Hussein H. , Organji Sameer R. , Raweh Hael S. A. , Alqarni Abdulaziz S. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractHoneys originating from Sidr (Ziziphus spina‐christi L.) and Talh (Acacia gerrardii Benth.) trees in Saudi Arabia exhibited substantial antimicrobial activity against pathogenic gram‐positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus), gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis), and a dermatophytic fungus (Trichophyton mentagrophytes). The diameter of zones of inhibition represents the level of antimicrobial potency of the honey samples. Precisely, Talh honey showed significantly higher antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria than Sidr honey. The antifungal activity of Talh and Sidr honey types was significantly at par against a dermatophytic fungus. The water‐diluted honey types (33% w/v) significantly induced a rise in the antimicrobial activity from that of the natural nondiluted honeys. Microbial strains displayed differential sensitivity; gram‐positive bacteria were more sensitive and presented larger inhibition zones than gram‐negative bacteria and the fungus. The sensitivity was highest in B. cereus and S. aureus, followed by T. mentagrophytes, E. coli, and S. enteritidis. The antimicrobial activity of water‐diluted honeys (Sidr and Talh) was high than that of broad‐spectrum antibacterial antibiotics (tetracycline and chloramphenicol) against bacterial strains, but these honeys were relativity less potent than antifungal antibiotics (flucoral and mycosat) against a fungal strain. Our findings indicate the antimicrobial potential of Saudi honeys to be considered in honey standards, and their therapeutic use as medical‐grade honeys needs further investigations.
Gene expression profile indicates involvement of uniconazole in Coix lachryma‐jobi L. seedlings at low temperature
Authors: Huang Yulan , Yue Caijun , Xiang Junliang , Han Yiqiang , Wang Jingwei , Wang Liyan , Sun Lifang 
Published: December 2019

AbstractUniconazole (UNZ) can alleviate a variety of abiotic stresses such as low temperature. With application of UNZ on Coix lachryma‐jobi L. (coix) under low‐temperature stress, growth and physiological parameters were investigated in seedlings. Meanwhile, transcriptome profile in coix seedlings was characterized as well. The results showed an increase of 11.90%, 13.59%, and 10.98% in stem diameter, the aboveground and belowground biomass in 5 mg/L uniconazole application group (U3), compared with control check low‐temperature group (CKL). Some anti‐oxidase activities also show significant difference between CKL and U3 (p < .05). Transcriptome results showed that 3,901 and 1,040 genes had different expression level at control check (CK) and CKL, CKL and U3. A considerable number of different expressing genes (DEGs) related to the plant hormone signal transduction, photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐related genes, and secondary metabolism in response to uniconazole application were identified in this study. The transcriptomic gene expression profiles present a valuable genomic tool to improve studying the molecular mechanisms underlying low‐temperature tolerance in coix. At the same time, it would provide a certain basis for the application of UNZ in the production of coix resistance under low temperature.
Performance and emission analysis of compression ignition engine using biodiesels from Acid oil, Mahua oil, and Castor oil
Authors: Kareemullah Mohammed , Afzal Asif , Fazlur Rehman K. , Shahapurkar Kiran , Khan Hurmathulla , Akram Naveed 
Published: December 2019

AbstractResearch on and use of biodiesels for engines is growing continuously in the present era. Compression ignition (CI) engine performance for biodiesels of blends B20 from Acid oil, Mahua oil, and Castor oil is experimentally investigated. The engine performance analysis in the form of brake‐specific fuel consumption, brake‐specific energy consumption, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), exhaust gas temperature (EGT), and air fuel ratio are compared with diesel as base fuel. Emission characteristics like CO, CO2, NOx, and opacity are comparatively studied in detail for the considered biodiesels. The entire study is compared with the performance of engine when pure diesel is chosen as fuel. From the complete analysis it was observed that the BTE was higher for Acid oil and Mahua oil among the biodiesels used. And regarding CO emissions, Mahua oil showed lower effect than other biodiesels. Upto 6% increase in EGT of Mahua oil was obtained at no load and for other loads the percent reduced. For all the biodiesels the % enhancement in Co, CO2, and NOx was more than 60% at highest load compared with diesel.
Second law analysis for mixed convection nanofluid flow in an inclined channel with convectively heated walls
Authors: Tlau Lalrinpuia , Ontela Surender 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this study, entropy generation analysis for Cu–water nanofluid mixed convective flow in an inclined channel occupied with a saturated porous media with Navier slip and convective boundary conditions is explored. The governing equations composed of equations of velocity and temperature are nondimensionalized and then solved utilizing the technique of homotopy analysis. Temperature and velocity profile expressions are acquired, which are then used to calculate the entropy produced in the scheme. The impacts of the corresponding fluid parameters are addressed in‐depth on velocity, temperature, entropy generation, Bejan number, Nusselt number, skin friction, volume flow rate, and heat carried out by the fluid for nanofluid concentration. Entropy has been observed to be minimal in all cases just above the channel center and maximum at the channel's bottom wall. Fluid friction‐generated entropy has been discovered to have a higher influence on entropy generation. We also provide a comparative study with existing literature to validate our current results.
Two‐dimensional materials: From mechanical properties to flexible mechanical sensors
Authors: Jiang Hanjun , Zheng Lu , Liu Zheng , Wang Xuewen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) materials have great potential in the fields of flexible electronics and photoelectronic devices due to their unique properties derived by special structures. The study of the mechanical properties of 2D materials plays an important role in next‐generation flexible mechanical electronic device applications. Unfortunately, traditional experiment models and measurement methods are not suitable for 2D materials due to their atomically ultrathin thickness, which limits both the theoretical research and practical value of the 2D materials. In this review, we briefly summarize the characterization of mechanical properties of 2D materials by in situ probe nanoindentation experiments, and discuss the effect of thickness, grain boundary, and interlayer interactions. We introduce the strain‐induced effect on electrical properties and optical properties of 2D materials. Then, we generalize the mechanical sensors based on various 2D materials and their future potential applications in flexible and wearable electronic devices. Finally, we discuss the state of the art for the mechanical properties of 2D materials and their opportunities and challenges in both basic research and practical applications.image