bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebellar Volumes Associate with Behavioral Phenotypes in Prader-Willi Syndrome
Authors: Yamada Kenichi , Watanabe Masaki , Suzuki Kiyotaka , Suzuki Yuji 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate lobule-specific cerebellar structural alterations relevant to clinical behavioral characteristics of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). We performed a case-control study of 21 Japanese individuals with PWS (age; median 21.0, range 13–50 years, 14 males, 7 females) and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls with typical development. Participants underwent 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Three-dimensional T1-weighted images were assessed for cerebellar lobular volume and adjusted for total intracerebellar volume (TIV) using a spatially unbiased atlas template to give a relative volume ratio. A region of interest analysis included the deep cerebellar nuclei. A correlation analysis was performed between the volumetric data and the clinical behavioral scores derived from the standard questionnaires (hyperphagia, autism, obsession, and maladaptive index) for global intelligence assessment in paired subgroups. In individuals with PWS, TIV was significantly reduced compared with that of controls (p < 0.05, family-wise error corrected; mean [standard deviation], 1014.1 [93.0] mm3). Decreased relative lobular volume ratios were observed in posterior inferior lobules with age, sex, and TIV as covariates (Crus I, Crus II, lobules VIIb, VIIIa, VIIIb, and IX). However, increased ratios were found in the dentate nuclei bilaterally in individuals with PWS (p < 0.01); the mean (standard deviation) × 10−3was as follows: left, 1.58 (0.26); right, 1.67 (0.30). The altered lobular volume ratios showed negative correlations with hyperphagic and autistic characteristics and positive correlations with obsessive and intellectual characteristics. This study provides the first objective evidence of topographic patterns of volume differences in cerebellar structures consistent with clinical behavioral characteristics in individuals with PWS and strongly suggests a cerebellar contribution to altered functional brain connectivity in PWS.
Return to sports after COVID-19: a position paper from the Dutch Sports Cardiology Section of the Netherlands Society of Cardiology
Authors: Verwoert G. C. , de Vries S. T. , Bijsterveld N. , Willems A. R. , vd Borgh R. , Jongman J. K. , Kemps H. M. C. , Snoek J. A. , Rienks R. , Jorstad H. T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to preventive measures worldwide. With the decline of infection rates, less stringent restrictions for sports and exercise are being implemented. COVID-19 is associated with significant cardiovascular complications; however there are limited data on cardiovascular complications and long-term outcomes in both competitive (elite) athletes and highly active individuals. Based on different categories of disease severity (asymptomatic, regional/systemic symptoms, hospitalisation, myocardial damage, and/or myocarditis), in this point-of-view article we offer the (sports) cardiologist or sports physician in the Netherlands a practical guide to pre-participation screening, and diagnostic and management strategies in all athletes >16 years of age after COVID-19 infection.
Stochastic allelic expression as trigger for contractile imbalance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Montag Judith , Kraft Theresia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common inherited cardiac disease, is caused by several mostly heterozygous mutations in sarcomeric genes. Hallmarks of HCM are cardiomyocyte and myofibrillar disarray and hypertrophy and fibrosis of the septum and the left ventricle. To date, a pathomechanism common to all mutations remains elusive. We have proposed that contractile imbalance, an unequal force generation of neighboring cardiomyocytes, may contribute to development of HCM hallmarks. At the same calcium concentration, we found substantial differences in force generation between individual cardiomyocytes from HCM patients with mutations in β-MyHC (β-myosin heavy chain). Variability among cardiomyocytes was significantly larger in HCM patients as compared with donor controls. We assume that this heterogeneity in force generation among cardiomyocytes may lead to myocardial disarray and trigger hypertrophy and fibrosis. We provided evidence that burst-like transcription of the MYH7-gene, encoding for β-MyHC, is associated with unequal fractions of mutant per wild-type mRNA from cell to cell (cell-to-cell allelic imbalance). This will presumably lead to unequal fractions of mutant per wild-type protein from cell to cell which may underlie contractile imbalance. In this review, we discuss molecular mechanisms of burst-like transcription with regard to contractile imbalance and disease development in HCM.
Experimental study and thermodynamic modelling of ethylene absorption in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)
Authors: Yousefi Mohammad , Azizi Shima , Peyghambarzadeh S. M. , Azizi Zoha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDetermining the solubility of gases in solvents and considering non-idealities at different operating conditions are essential to design a cost-effective and energy-efficient absorption process. In this work, using a lab-made set-up, solubility of ethylene in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was measured at different temperatures (278.15, 298.15, and 328.15 K) and pressures up to 14 bar, and the kinetic and equilibrium data were obtained. Accordingly, Henry’s law constants are calculated at various temperatures. Then, thermodynamic modeling was accomplished by applying Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR-EOS) and Wilson activity coefficient model, and the binary interaction parameters were estimated. By the thermodynamic modeling, positive deviation from ideal behavior was apparently observed. Due to low absolute average deviation of < 7.7%, the correlated model was able to predict the ethylene solubility in NMP with a reliable accuracy.
Measures of noncompactness and superposition operator in the space of regulated functions on an unbounded interval
Authors: Dudek Szymon , Olszowy Leszek 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we formulate necessary and sufficient conditions for relative compactness in the space $$BG({\mathbb {R}}_+,E)$$

B
G
(

R
+

,
E
)

of regulated and bounded functions defined on $${\mathbb R}_+$$

R
+

with values in the Banach space E. Moreover, we construct four new measures of noncompactness in the space $$BG({\mathbb {R}}_+,E)$$

B
G
(

R
+

,
E
)

. We investigate their properties and we describe relations between these measures. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions so that the superposition operator (Niemytskii) maps $$BG({\mathbb {R}}_+,E)$$

B
G
(

R
+

,
E
)

into $$BG({\mathbb {R}}_+,E)$$

B
G
(

R
+

,
E
)

and, additionally, be compact.
Efficient exponential timestepping algorithm using control variate technique for simulating a functional of exit time of one-dimensional Brownian diffusion with applications in finance
Authors: Alzubaidi Hasan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe exponential timestepping Euler algorithm with a boundary test is adapted to simulate an expected of a function of exit time, such as the expected payoff of barrier options under the constant elasticity of variance (CEV) model. However, this method suffers from a high Monte Carlo (MC) statistical error due to its exponentially large exit times with unbounded samples. To reduce this kind of error efficiently and to speed up the MC simulation, we combine such an algorithm with an effective variance reduction technique called the control variate method. We call the resulting algorithm the improved Exp algorithm for abbreviation. In regard to the examples we consider in this paper for the restricted CEV process, we found that the variance of the improved Exp algorithm is about six times smaller than that of the Jansons and Lythe original method for the down-and-out call barrier option. It is also about eight times smaller for the up-and-out put barrier option, indicating that the gain in efficiency is significant without significant increase in simulation time.
Addressing male sexual and reproductive health in the wake of COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Sansone A. , Mollaioli D. , Ciocca G. , Limoncin E. , Colonnello E. , Vena W. , Jannini E. A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2, represents an unprecedented challenge for healthcare. COVID-19 features a state of hyperinflammation resulting in a “cytokine storm”, which leads to severe complications, such as the development of micro-thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Despite isolation measures, the number of affected patients is growing daily: as of June 12th, over 7.5 million cases have been confirmed worldwide, with more than 420,000 global deaths. Over 3.5 million patients have recovered from COVID-19; although this number is increasing by the day, great attention should be directed towards the possible long-term outcomes of the disease. Despite being a trivial matter for patients in intensive care units (ICUs), erectile dysfunction (ED) is a likely consequence of COVID-19 for survivors, and considering the high transmissibility of the infection and the higher contagion rates among elderly men, a worrying phenomenon for a large part of affected patients.

Methods
A literature research on the possible mechanisms involved in the development of ED in COVID-19 survivors was performed.

Results
Endothelial dysfunction, subclinical hypogonadism, psychological distress and impaired pulmonary hemodynamics all contribute to the potential onset of ED. Additionally, COVID-19 might exacerbate cardiovascular conditions; therefore, further increasing the risk of ED. Testicular function in COVID-19 patients requires careful investigation for the unclear association with testosterone deficiency and the possible consequences for reproductive health. Treatment with phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors might be beneficial for both COVID-19 and ED.

Conclusion
COVID-19 survivors might develop sexual and reproductive health issues. Andrological assessment and tailored treatments should be considered in the follow-up.
Student Characteristics Associated with Passing the Exam in Undergraduate Pharmacology Courses—a Cross-sectional Study in Six University Degree Programs
Authors: Carlsson Thomas , Winder Michael , Eriksson Anna L. , Wallerstedt Susanna M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAdequate knowledge in pharmacology is crucial in many professions but a non-negligible proportion of students fail the exams and knowledge of underlying factors is largely lacking. This study was performed to evaluate to what extent various factors are related to student performance in pharmacology-related courses in higher education, linking administrative data to attendance at non-mandatory teaching sessions and questionnaire replies. A total of 596 students (median age: 22 years; 70% female) were included from eight courses which are part of either the medical, pharmacy, dentistry, nursing, or biomedical analyst degree programs at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden. In all, 380 (64%) students passed the regular program- and course-specific exam. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a high participation rate in non-mandatory teaching sessions, as well as a perceived great interest in pharmacology, was associated with students’ passing of the exam; adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.30 (1.19 to 1.42; per 10 percentage unit increase in attendance) and 3.38 (1.86 to 6.12), respectively. Working for wages during the course weeks and pre-university grades used in the program application were significant factors in subgroups of students, negatively and positively associated with the exam results, respectively. Age, having Swedish as a second language, and time spent studying were only associated with the exam result in the univariate analyses. To conclude, both students and teachers can contribute significantly to successful education within pharmacology, students by participating in the teaching sessions and teachers by encouraging students to find the subject interesting.
Populismus auf Facebook
Authors: Spieß Elina , Frieß Dennis , Schulz Anne 
Published: July 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Beziehung zwischen Medien und Populismus ist in den letzten Jahren vermehrt in den Fokus wissenschaftlichen Interesses gerückt. Mit Blick auf das Internet und soziale Medien wurde schon früh eine strukturelle Kompatibilität für populistische Kommunikation theoretisiert. Entsprechend haben Studien auch empirisch untersucht, in welchem Ausmaß politische Akteure populistische Inhalte online publizieren. Der explorative Beitrag knüpft an diese Forschungslinie an und nimmt die offiziellen Facebook-Seiten der AfD, CDU und SPD in den Blick. Dabei wird der Populismusgehalt a) der dort in Posts platzierten Parteien-Kommunikation selbst sowie b) der Anschlusskommunikation, die in Nutzerkommentaren unter entsprechenden Posts sichtbar wird, vergleichend analysiert. Schließlich exploriert der Beitrag c) inwiefern Populismus in der Parteienkommunikation den Populismusgehalt der Anschlusskommunikation beeinflusst. Die Ergebnisse einer Inhaltsanalyse von 224 Parteienposts und 448 Nutzerkommentaren lassen erkennen, dass die AfD (im Vergleich zu CDU und SPD) am häufigsten und intensivsten populistische Inhalte über Facebook verbreitet. Nutzerkommentare sind jedoch insbesondere auf der CDU Facebook-Seite populistisch aufgeladen. Ein positiver Zusammenhang zwischen dem Populismusgehalt der Initialposts und dem Populismusgehalt der Nutzerkommentare kann für die AfD und die CDU festgestellt werden, jedoch nicht bei der SPD. Zudem offenbart die Analyse, dass auf den Seiten der CDU und SPD viel häufiger kritische Oppositionsstimmen zu finden sind als auf der AfD-Facebookseite. Diese oppositionellen Kommentare sind wiederum signifikant häufiger populistisch.
The Value of Fairness and the Wrong of Wage Exploitation
Authors: Berkey Brian 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTIn a recent article in this journal, David Faraci (2019) argues that the value of fairness can plausibly be appealed to in order to vindicate the view that consensual, mutually beneficial employment relationships can be wrongfully exploitative, even if employers have no obligation to hire or otherwise benefit those who are badly off enough to be vulnerable to wage exploitation. In this commentary, I argue that several values provide potentially strong grounds for thinking that it is at least sometimes better, morally speaking, for employers to hire worse-off people at intuitively exploitative wages than to hire better-off people at intuitively fair wages. Rather than suggesting that hiring badly off people at intuitively exploitative wages is permissible, however, I suggest that this gives us reason to think that employers can be obligated to hire worse-off people rather than better-off people and to pay them nonexploitative wages.
Experiences of HIV/STD Providers in New York State During Hurricane Sandy: Strengths, Challenges, and Recommendations
Authors: Vacca Kristen , Shipp-Hilts Asante , Mack Stephanie , Li Yunshu , Eidson Millicent , Nguyen Trang , Birkhead Guthrie 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study was to assess strengths and challenges experienced by HIV/STD providers in providing care during the response to Hurricane Sandy (Sandy) in New York State, and their recommendations for future preparedness.Methods:A mixed methods approach, including a focus group (n = 3), interviews (n = 3), and survey (n = 31) of HIV/STD providers, was used. Key words identified by means of open coding methodology from collected data were organized into strengths, challenges, and recommendations and then grouped into federal and study-associated preparedness capabilities.Results:Key words were organized into 81 strengths (38.8%), 73 challenges (34.9%), and 55 recommendations (26.3%). Services most interrupted during Sandy were related to HIV/STD outreach and education. While providers reported challenges with external agency communication, the ability to still connect clients to needed resources was reported as a strength. Strengthening partnerships with federal, state, and local agencies was among the major recommendations made by these providers.Conclusions:This study presents unique information about challenges experienced by HIV/STD providers in providing services during a natural disaster and the use of national public health emergency preparedness capabilities to address and overcome those challenges. Lessons learned and recommendations regarding inter-agency communications emerged as an important priority during a natural disaster to minimize or reduce service interruption.
RESOLVING TIME AMONG NON-STRATIFIED SHORT-DURATION CONTEXTS ON A RADIOCARBON PLATEAU: POSSIBILITIES AND CHALLENGES FROM THE AD 1480–1630 EXAMPLE AND NORTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Manning Sturt W , Birch Jennifer , Conger Megan Anne , Sanft Samantha 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTReversals and plateaus in the radiocarbon (14C) calibration curve lead to similar 14C ages applying to a wide range of calendar dates, creating imprecision, ambiguity, and challenges for archaeological dating. Even with Bayesian chronological modeling, such periods remain a problem when no known order—e.g., a stratigraphic sequence—exists, and especially if site durations are relatively short. Using the reversal/plateau AD 1480–1630 and the archaeology of northeastern North America as our example, we consider possible strategies to improve chronological resolution across such reversal/plateau periods in the absence of stratigraphic sequences, including uses of wood-charcoal TPQs from even very short wiggle-matches, and site phase duration constraints based on ethnohistoric and archaeological evidence.
Diplomatic Claims (Eritrea v. Ethiopia), Eritrea ' s Claim 20/Ethiopia ' s Claim 8, Partial Awards; Economic Loss Throughout Ethiopia (Ethiopia v. Eritrea), Ethiopia ' s Claim 7, Partial Award; Jus ad Bellum (Ethiopia v. Eritrea), Ethiopia ' s Claims 1-8, Partial Award; Loss of Property in Ethiopia Owned by Non-Residents (Eritrea v. Ethiopia), Eritrea ' s Claim 24, Partial Award; Pensions (Eritrea v. Ethiopia), Eritrea ' s Claims 15, 19 & 23, Final Award; Ports (Ethiopia v. Eritrea), Ethiopia ' s Claim 6, Final Award; Western & Eastern Fronts (Ethiopia v. Eritrea), Ethiopia ' s Claims 1 & 3, Partial Award; Western Front, Aerial Bombardment & Related Claims (Eritrea v. Ethiopia), Eritrea ' s Claims 1, 3, 5, 9-13, 14, 21, 25 & 26, Partial Award
Authors: Bodansky Daniel , Weeramantry J. Romesh 
Published: July 2020

Diplomatic Claims (Eritrea v. Ethiopia), Eritrea's Claim 20/Ethiopia's Claim 8, Partial Awards. At <http://www.pca-cpa.org>.Eritrea Ethiopia Claims Commission, December 19, 2005.Economic Loss Throughout Ethiopia (Ethiopia v. Eritrea), Ethiopia's Claim 7, Partial Award. At <http://www.pca-cpa.org>.Eritrea Ethiopia Claims Commission, December 19, 2005.Jus ad Bellum (Ethiopia v. Eritrea), Ethiopia's Claims 1–8, Partial Award. At <http://www.pca-cpa.org>.Eritrea Ethiopia Claims Commission, December 19, 2005.Loss of Property in Ethiopia Owned by Non-Residents (Eritrea v. Ethiopia), Eritrea's Claim 24, Partial Award. At <http://www.pca-cpa.org>.Eritrea Ethiopia Claims Commission, December 19, 2005.Pensions (Eritrea v. Ethiopia), Eritrea's Claims 15, 19 & 23, Final Award. At <http://www.pca-cpa.org>.Eritrea Ethiopia Claims Commission, December 19, 2005.Ports (Ethiopia v. Eritrea), Ethiopia's Claim 6, Final AwardS At <http://www.pca-cpa.org>.Eritrea Ethiopia Claims Commission, December 19, 2005.Western & Eastern Fronts (Ethiopia v. Eritrea), Ethiopia's Claims 1 & 3, Partial Award. At <http://www.pca-cpa.org>.Eritrea Ethiopia Claims Commission, December 19, 2005.Western Front, Aerial Bombardment & Related Claims (Eritrea v. Ethiopia), Eritrea's Claims 1, 3, 5, 9–13,14, 21, 25 & 26, Partial Award. At <http://www.pca-cpa.org>.Eritrea Ethiopia Claims Commission, December 19, 2005.On December 19, 2005, the Eritrea Ethiopia Claims Commission (Commission) issued seven partial awards and two final awards. These awards determined the respective international responsibility of Eritrea and Ethiopia arising out of the 1998–2000 armed conflict between those two states.
A NOTE ON DERIVED LENGTH AND CHARACTER DEGREES
Authors: ÇINARCI BURCU , ERKOÇ TEMHA 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIsaacs and Seitz conjectured that the derived length of a finite solvable group $G$ is bounded by the cardinality of the set of all irreducible character degrees of $G$. We prove that the conjecture holds for $G$ if the degrees of nonlinear monolithic characters of $G$ having the same kernels are distinct. Also, we show that the conjecture is true when $G$ has at most three nonlinear monolithic characters. We give some sufficient conditions for the inequality related to monolithic characters or real-valued irreducible characters of $G$ when the commutator subgroup of $G$ is supersolvable.
Fever without a source in children with congenital heart disease
Authors: DonaireGarcia Alvaro , Burke Brendan , Latifi Samir Q. , Agarwal Hemant S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTwo paediatric congenital heart disease patients presented with a brief history of low-grade fever without any focal symptoms. Their clinical features and laboratory tests were unremarkable; however, their blood cultures were positive that prompted further work-up. Infective endocarditis should be considered in any paediatric congenital heart disease patient who presents with fever without any other associated clinical features.
Frequency of meals that includes staple, main and side dishes and nutrient intake: findings from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan
Authors: Ishikawa-Takata Kazuko , Kurotani Kayo , Adachi Miyuki , Takimoto Hidemi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjective:To investigate the relationship between nutrient intake and a straightforward Japanese nutritional goal of consuming a meal that includes staple, main and side dishes (SMS meal) more than twice a day.Design:This was a cross-sectional, observational study using the data from de-identified records of the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary assessment was conducted using semi-weighed dietary records that were completed on one weekday.Setting:A home-based setting in Japan.Participants:30 269 subjects (male n 14 284; female n 15 985) aged ≥6 years (6–103 years, mean 50·4 (sd 22·3) years).Results:As the frequency of SMS meals increased, we found a higher intake of most nutrients and each food group. Subjects who consumed SMS meals at least twice a day were more likely to meet the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for Japan compared with subjects who consumed an SMS meal once a day or less. However, the frequency of SMS meals did not necessarily ensure that DRI for Japan for saturated fatty acid, vitamin A, vitamin B1, calcium, iron and salt were met.Conclusions:Consuming SMS meals at least twice a day is a useful and straightforward nutrition goal to achieve adequate intake of some nutrients. However, it is necessary to provide the public with more information on foodstuff choice to ensure an adequate intake of all nutrients.