bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older Adults Overcome Reduced Triceps Surae Structural Stiffness to Preserve Ankle Joint Quasi-Stiffness During Walking
Authors: Krupenevich Rebecca L. , Clark William H. , Sawicki Gregory S. , Franz Jason R. 
Published: June 2020

Ankle joint quasi-stiffness is an aggregate measure of the interaction between triceps surae muscle stiffness and Achilles tendon stiffness. This interaction may be altered due to age-related changes in the structural properties and functional behavior of the Achilles tendon and triceps surae muscles. The authors hypothesized that, due to a more compliant of Achilles’ tendon, older adults would exhibit lower ankle joint quasi-stiffness than young adults during walking and during isolated contractions at matched triceps surae muscle activations. The authors also hypothesized that, independent of age, triceps surae muscle stiffness and ankle joint quasi-stiffness would increase with triceps surae muscle activation. The authors used conventional gait analysis in one experiment and, in another, electromyographic biofeedback and in vivo ultrasound imaging applied during isolated contractions. The authors found no difference in ankle joint quasi-stiffness between young and older adults during walking. Conversely, this study found that (1) young and older adults modulated ankle joint quasi-stiffness via activation-dependent changes in triceps surae muscle length–tension behavior and (2) at matched activation, older adults exhibited lower ankle joint quasi-stiffness than young adults. Despite age-related reductions during isolated contractions, ankle joint quasi-stiffness was maintained in older adults during walking, which may be governed via activation-mediated increases in muscle stiffness.
Nordic Walking for Overweight and Obese People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sanchez-Lastra Miguel A. , Miller Kyle J. , Martínez-Lemos Rodolfo I. , Giráldez Antón , Ayán Carlos 
Published: June 2020

Background: Nordic walking (NW) is a potentially beneficial exercise strategy for overweight and obese people. To date, no reviews have synthesized the existing scientific evidence regarding the effects of NW on this population. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify the characteristics, methodological quality, and results of the investigations that have studied the effects of NW in overweight and obese individuals.Methods: Six electronic databases were searched up to June 2019 for studies that examined the effects of NW on people with a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2. The methodological quality of the included randomized controlled trials was retrieved from the physiotherapy evidence database or evaluated using the physiotherapy evidence database scale.Results: Twelve studies were included in the review. The investigations were mostly good-to-fair methodological quality. NW groups had a significant improvement on parameters such as fasting plasma glucose, abdominal adiposity, and body fat compared with the baseline, but no significant improvements were found when compared with control groups.Conclusions: NW can potentially lead to improvements in parameters related to major health outcomes in overweight and obese people. The lack of control for confounding variables in the analyzed studies prevents further elaboration on its potential benefits.
Comparison of intravenous lidocaine versus epidural anesthesia for traumatic rib fracture pain: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lii Theresa Riki , Aggarwal Anuj Kailash 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundEffective analgesia is essential in managing traumatic rib fractures. Intravenous lidocaine (IVL) is effective in treating perioperative pain, acute pain in the emergency department, cancer pain in hospice, and outpatient chronic neuropathic pain. Our study examined the associations between IVL versus epidural analgesia (EA) and pain for the treatment of acute rib fracture in the inpatient setting.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study involving adults admitted to an academic level I trauma center from June 1, 2011 to June 1, 2016 with consults to the pain service for acute rib fracture pain. Eighty-nine patients were included in the final analysis (54 IVL and 35 EA patients). Both groups had usual access to opioid medications. The primary outcome was absolute change in numeric pain scores during 0–24 and 24–48 hours after initiating IVL or EA, compared with baseline. Secondary outcomes include opioid consumption, incentive spirometry, supplemental oxygens, pneumonia, endotracheal intubation and length of hospital stay.ResultsNumeric pain scores differed at baseline (mean 5.6 for IVL vs 4.5 for EA, p=0.01), while age, injury severity, and number of fractured ribs were similar. IVL and EA were associated with similar reductions in numeric pain scores within 0–24 and 24–48 hours (mean −2.9 for IVL vs −2.3 for EA during both periods, p=0.19 and p=0.17 respectively) . There was greater non-neuraxial opioid consumption with IVL compared with EA (98.6 vs 22.3 mg morphine equivalents (MME) at 0–24 hours, p=0.0005; 105.6 vs 18.9 MME at 24–48 hours, p<0.0001). When epidural opioids were analyzed, the EA group was exposed to higher total MME at 0–24 hours (655.2 vs 98.6 MME, p<0.0001) and 24–48 hours (586 vs 105.6 MME, p=0.0001), suggesting an opioid sparing effect of IVL.ConclusionOur results suggest that IVL is similar to EA in numeric pain score reduction, and that IVL may have an opioid sparing effect when taking neuraxial opioids into account. IVL may be an effective alternative to epidurals for the treatment of rib fracture pain. It should be considered for patients who have contraindications to epidurals or are unable to receive an epidural in a timely manner.
Post‐mortem indications of poor welfare—an hypothesis upon supine broilers: stress and efforts to ameliorate suffering in a low throughput abattoir
Authors: Cranley John James 
Published: June 2020

Broilers at slaughterhouses are prone to heat stress. They should be checked for panting, which occurs above an ambient temperature of 17°C. Fan cooling, water misting, cooling by evaporation on module roofs, cascading water down the lattice of drawers, and cold drinks all help to reduce heat stress. Drawer opening by 4–6 cm and stocking reduction also facilitate heat escape. Removing live or dead supine, or trapped prone broilers, with broken legs or wings, wedged toes or with rubbed upper wing joints, improves the welfare of the remaining broilers. Indications of stressed broilers, for example, pale soft exudative and dark, firm, dry pectoral muscles, should be sought in untreated dead on arrival birds and in postmortem rejects.
Present status and perspective of dual-readout calorimetry for future accelerators
Authors: Antonello Massimiliano , Caccia Massimo , Santoro Romualdo , Ferrari Roberto , Gaudio Gabriella , Pezzotti Lorenzo 
Published: June 2020

Dual-readout calorimetry is a calorimetric technique able to overcome the noncompensation limit by simultaneously detecting scintillation and Cherenkov light. Scintillating photons provide a signal related to the energy deposition in the calorimeter by all ionising particles while Cherenkov photons provide a signal almost exclusively related to the electromagnetic component in the hadronic shower. Fluctuations among the electromagnetic and non-electromagnetic component of hadronic induced showers represent the major limit to reach resolutions needed in experiments at future leptonic colliders. In a dual-readout calorimeter, by looking at the two independent signals, it is possible to measure, event by event, the electromagnetic fraction and to correctly reconstruct the primary hadron energy. Applications of the dual-readout method in fiber-sampling calorimetry have been shown to be able to provide single hadron detection with an energy resolution around [Formula: see text], electromagnetic resolution around [Formula: see text], excellent particle identification capability, resulting in one of the most promising option for future leptonic colliders. Status-of-art of the dual-readout calorimetry, as well as, perspective in the developments toward scalable solution for [Formula: see text] detectors are presented in this paper. This includes, study on the material choice, SiPM readout of the fibers, possible segmentation of the fibers to enhance particle ID capability.
Analysis of Structural Vibrations of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Blades via Hamilton’s Principle — Part 1: General Formulation
Authors: Huang Jianyou , Chang Chia-Ou , Chang Chien-Cheng 
Published: June 2020

Energy harvesting by wind turbines is of great concern in many countries/areas, yet its safety is inevitably related to the structural vibration of the turbine system. In this study, we present a complete linear analysis of structural vibrations for vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) based on Euler’s beam theory by Lagrangian mechanics. The un-deformed blade is assumed to be vertically straight. There are several findings from solving the resultant equations which represent four dimensions of deformation, involving motion: lateral bending-chordwise bending-axial torsion-axial extension (BBTE) (1) There is no deformation coupling between axial tension and axial torsion. (2) The natural frequencies of the blade are mainly determined by lateral bending, and [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) denote the natural frequencies determined solely by lateral bending. (3) The centrifugal force credited to blade deformation is the primary factor that modifies the natural frequencies. (4) The Coriolis force can exist only in the coupled system, but in any case, the Coriolis force will not be generated by coupling lateral bending and axial tension. (5) The Coriolis force, when lateral bending is coupled with chord bending or axial torsion, can only slightly modify the natural frequencies. (6) In the case of fixed speed of rotation, [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is angular speed and [Formula: see text] is the distance from the rotation axis to the elastic center of the blade: given [Formula: see text]-the blade length to chord ratio, it is found that the natural frequencies [Formula: see text] of the blade are, in close approximations, inversely proportional to [Formula: see text], i.e. [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the base chord length and [Formula: see text] is the base blade length. (7) In the general case of rotating blade ([Formula: see text], we let [Formula: see text] denote the [Formula: see text]th natural frequency when [Formula: see text]. It is found that the natural frequencies [Formula: see text] are closely approximated by [Formula: see text] (8) The material damping yields the imaginary part of the modified system frequency [Formula: see text], which deteriorates the energy absorption rate of the blade. Perturbation analysis with a solvability condition is performed to determine the imaginary part of [Formula: see text]. Given the same material, [Formula: see text] is inversely proportional to [Formula: see text], i.e. [Formula: see text].
Comparison of Reperfusion Strategies for ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Multivariate Network Meta‐analysis
Authors: Fazel Reza , Joseph Timothy I. , Sankardas Mullasari A. , Pinto Duane S. , Yeh Robert W. , Kumbhani Dharam J. , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. 
Published: June 2020

Background
We systematically reviewed trials comparing different reperfusion strategies for ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction and used multivariate network meta‐analysis to compare outcomes across these strategies.

Methods and Results

We identified 31 contemporary trials in which patients with
ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction
were randomized to ≥2 of the following strategies: fibrinolytic therapy (n=4212), primary percutaneous coronary intervention (
PCI
) (n=6139), or fibrinolysis followed by routine early
PCI
(n=5006). We categorized the last approach as “facilitated
PCI
” when the median time interval between fibrinolysis to
PCI
was <2 hours (n=2259) and as a “pharmacoinvasive approach” when this interval was ≥2 hours (n=2747). We evaluated outcomes of death, nonfatal reinfarction, stroke, and major bleeding using a multivariate network meta‐analysis and a Bayesian analysis. Among the strategies evaluated, primary
PCI
was associated with the lowest risk of mortality, nonfatal reinfarction, and stroke. For mortality, primary
PCI
had an odds ratio of 0.73 (95%
CI
, 0.61–0.89) when compared with fibrinolytic therapy. Of the remaining strategies, the pharmacoinvasive approach was the next most favorable with an
odds ratio
for death of 0.79 (95%
CI
, 0.59–1.08) compared with fibrinolytic therapy. The Bayesian model indicated that when the 2 strategies examining routine early invasive therapy following fibrinolysis were directly compared, the probability of adverse outcomes was lower for the pharmacoinvasive approach relative to facilitated
PCI
.

Conclusions

A pharmacoinvasive approach is safer and more effective than facilitated
PCI
and fibrinolytic therapy alone. This has significant implications for
ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction
care in settings where timely access to primary
PCI
, the preferred treatment for
ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction
, is not available.
Morphology is a poor predictor of interspecific admixture – the case of two naturally hybridizing newts Lissotriton montandoni and Lissotriton vulgaris (Caudata: Salamandridae)
Authors: Niedzicka Marta E. , Głowacki Bartosz M. , Zieliński Piotr , Babik Wiesław 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Compared to the parental species, interspecific hybrids often show intermediate phenotypes which can affect their fitness directly and/or their attractiveness to potential mates. Lissotriton montandoni and Lissotriton vulgaris hybridize across their parapatric range along the Carpathian mountains. Hybrids are rare in natural hybrid zones, which may be related to strong assortative mating in parental species. In the present study, we investigated morphological male species-specific traits and their differentiation between both parental species and first generation of interspecific hybrids (F1), considering morphological variation between two L. vulgaris subspecies co-occurring with L. montandoni in nature: L. v. vulgaris and L. v. ampelensis. Male morphology of each group was assessed and compared based on species-specific and sexual secondary traits, selected based on the literature review. We confirmed that F1 hybrids of L. v. vulgaris and L. montandoni have an intermediate morphology between parental species. However, when morphological traits were compared with the level of genetic admixture of individuals in natural hybrid zones, we discovered that even early generations hybrids (i.e. F1 and/or F2 generation) can be similar to the parental species (especially L. v. ampelensis). As even early generations hybrids can be morphologically undistinguishable from L. v. ampelensis, sexual attractiveness of hybrids may be potentially less affected in direction of L. v. ampelensis backcrossing. Summarizing, morphology, especially morphology of male secondary sexual traits is not a reliable tool for the estimation of genetic admixture of an individual in natural populations within the hybrid zone.
Maroon Fashion History
Authors: Price Sally 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Fashion has long been a dynamic aspect of Maroon culture in Suriname and French Guiana (Guyane). The textile arts that carry it through from one generation to the next were totally ignored by early writers, who lavished praise on the men’s art of woodcarving but said virtually nothing about the artistic gifts of women—most importantly in calabash carving (referred to by one of them as “doodling”) and clothing. This article, based on more than fifty years of ethnographic work with Maroons, focuses on textile arts and clothing fashions, running briefly through styles of the past before focusing on current directions. Today, with Maroons participating increasingly in life beyond the traditional villages of the rain forest, the women—like their mothers and grandmothers—have continued to enjoy adopting newly available materials and inventing novel techniques. In the process, they have been producing clothing that reflects both their cultural heritage of innovative artistry and their new place in the multicultural, commoditized society of the coast. The illustrations give an opening hint of the remarkable vibrancy of this aspect of Maroon life in the twenty-first century.
Strong Summer Atmospheric Rivers Trigger Greenland Ice Sheet Melt through Spatially Varying Surface Energy Balance and Cloud Regimes
Authors: Mattingly Kyle S. , Mote Thomas L. , Fettweis Xavier , van As Dirk , Van Tricht Kristof , Lhermitte Stef , Pettersen Claire , Fausto Robert S. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTMass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) has accelerated over the past two decades, coincident with rapid Arctic warming and increasing moisture transport over Greenland by atmospheric rivers (ARs). Summer ARs affecting western Greenland trigger GrIS melt events, but the physical mechanisms through which ARs induce melt are not well understood. This study elucidates the coupled surface–atmosphere processes by which ARs force GrIS melt through analysis of the surface energy balance (SEB), cloud properties, and local- to synoptic-scale atmospheric conditions during strong summer AR events affecting western Greenland. ARs are identified in MERRA-2 reanalysis (1980–2017) and classified by integrated water vapor transport (IVT) intensity. SEB, cloud, and atmospheric data from regional climate model, observational, reanalysis, and satellite-based datasets are used to analyze melt-inducing physical processes during strong, >90th percentile “AR90+” events. Near AR “landfall,” AR90+days feature increased cloud cover that reduces net shortwave radiation and increases net longwave radiation. As these oppositely signed radiative anomalies partly cancel during AR90+events, increased melt energy in the ablation zone is primarily provided by turbulent heat fluxes, particularly sensible heat flux. These turbulent heat fluxes are driven by enhanced barrier winds generated by a stronger synoptic pressure gradient combined with an enhanced local temperature contrast between cool over-ice air and the anomalously warm surrounding atmosphere. During AR90+events in northwest Greenland, anomalous melt is forced remotely through a clear-sky foehn regime produced by downslope flow in eastern Greenland.
The Lightning and Dual-Polarization Radar Characteristics of Three Hail-Accumulating Thunderstorms
Authors: Wallace Robinson , Friedrich Katja , Deierling Wiebke , Kalina Evan A. , Schlatter Paul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThunderstorms that produce hail accumulations at the surface can impact residents by obstructing roadways, closing airports, and causing localized flooding from hail-clogged drainages. These storms have recently gained an increased interest within the scientific community. However, differences that are observable in real time between these storms and storms that produce nonimpactful hail accumulations have yet to be documented. Similarly, the characteristics within a single storm that are useful to quantify or predict hail accumulations are not fully understood. This study uses lightning and dual-polarization radar data to characterize hail accumulations from three storms that occurred on the same day along the Colorado–Wyoming Front Range. Each storm’s characteristics are verified against radar-derived hail accumulation maps and in situ observations. The storms differed in maximum accumulation, either producing 22 cm, 7 cm, or no accumulation. The magnitude of surface hail accumulations is found to be dependent on a combination of in-cloud hail production, storm translation speed, and hailstone melting. The optimal combination for substantial hail accumulations is enhanced in-cloud hail production, slow storm speed, and limited hailstone melting. However, during periods of similar in-cloud hail production, lesser accumulations are derived when storm speed and/or hailstone melting, identified by radar presentation, is sufficiently large. These results will aid forecasters in identifying when hail accumulations are occurring in real time.
Social Resilience to Climate Change during the Late Antique Little Ice Age: A Replication Study
Authors: Peregrine Peter N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn a recentWeather, Climate, and Societyarticle, two hypotheses about social resilience to disaster were tested. One was that societies allowing greater political participation and access to decision-making were more resilient to catastrophic climate-related disasters; the second was that societies with stronger social norms were more resilient. Support was found for the first hypothesis but little support for the second. The lack of support for the second hypothesis seemed odd, as it had been supported by other researchers, but a clear rationale for the lack of support was not offered. Here the previous study is replicated with a sample of 20 societies that experienced the Late Antique Little Ice Age. As with the original paper, the replication finds support for the first hypothesis and little support for the second. It is suggested that the reason for these differing results is due to the differing forms of climate-related disasters examined in previous studies. Specifically, it is suggested that political participation provides resilience to catastrophic climate-related disasters by fostering bridging forms of social capital, whereas adherence to strong social norms provides resilience to smaller, more episodic disasters by fostering bonding forms of social capital. The paper concludes with policy suggestions that are based on these findings.
Long-term Outcomes of Clip Coupler Implantation in Patients with Unilateral Congenital Aural Atresia
Authors: Zhao Chunli , Yang Jinsong , Liu Yujie , Gao Mengdie , Chen Peiwei , Zhao Shouqin 
Published: June 2020

Objective: To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of the Clip coupler attached to the stapes head in patients with unilateral congenital aural atresia (CAA). Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 16 Mandarin-speaking patients who had unilateral microtia accompanied by CAA. All patients were divided into two groups: the short-term follow-up group (n = 9) and the long-term follow-up group (n = 7). The floating mass transducer of the Vibrant Soundbridge (VSB) was positioned in the stapes head by the Clip coupler. The safety of the VSB was investigated by comparing preoperative and postoperative bone-conduction (BC) thresholds as well as by complications. The effectiveness was evaluated by functional gain (FG), word recognition score (WRS), speech reception threshold (SRT) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Results: Pre- and post-operative BC thresholds were no different in all patients. And no complications developed. VSB-aided thresholds in the free-field had improved significantly in both short- and long-term follow-up groups. The improvements of WRS were observed in two groups. The monosyllabic VSB-aided WRS in the long-term follow-up group was significantly higher than that in the short-term follow-up group. When speech was from the impaired ear and noise presented to the side of normal ear (SVSBNCL), lower SNRs were found in two groups after VSB implantation. However, there was no statistical difference in aided SNR between the two groups at SVSBNCL status. Conclusions: Our results show that the FMT connected to the stapes head is a secure and useful device for patients with unilateral CHL/MHL, not only in terms of improved hearing thresholds, but also improved speech intelligibility in quiet and noisy environments.