bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Analysis Model and Residual Stress Optimization in Rotor Welding Process
Authors: Liu Zhufeng , Xie Yonghui , Dang Hao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In this paper, the finite element method (FEM) is conducted for thermal and mechanical analysis of a half 2D axisymmetric welded rotor model. The temperature results after welding are obtained and supported by the experiment results. Furthermore, the thermal strain and residual stress of the weld are analyzed in detail by considering solid-state phase transformation (SSPT). Besides, parametric optimization method is adopted to optimize the region of large stress distribution. By choosing the weld pass number as the optimized parameter, the area decreases by 5.4% when the optimal pass number is 18. The axial and hoop stress distributions are obtained at the inner and outer surfaces near the weld for the better stress distribution.
Bolt Strength in Sectional Body Construction of Valves
Authors: Shitolé Bhaskar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
ASME B16.34-2017 Section 6.4.2 provides requirements for valves with bolted body joints and threaded body joints. The section states that valves with bodies of sectional construction such that bolted or threaded body joints are subject to piping mechanical loads in addition to the pressure rating for which the valve is designed, shall satisfy the following requirements. For bolted joints, the requirement is a simple formula where the product of pressure rating class designation and ratio of area bounded by the effective outside periphery of a gasket or O-ring or other seal-effective periphery and total effective bolt tensile stress area are less than a certain constant. For bolts of strength less than 137.9 MPa, the value of constant reduces as a multiple of 50.76 times the bolt tensile strength in MPa required or provided in a sectional construction. Section 6.4.3 cautions that the minimum requirements of ASME B16.34 may fall short in scenarios due to valve design, special gaskets, high temperature service, creep characteristics, etc. This paper reviews and studies this ASME B16.34 requirement, which was triggered by failure of a valve with section body construction in the field. Traditionally, valves have been considered as rigid bodies when analyzing a piping system for stresses, support loads, terminal point loads, and deflections. The rigid modeling assumes that the strength of the valve is much higher than an equivalent straight length of pipe. Some computer programs have a provision that permits modeling the valve as a multiple like three- or four-times pipe section modulus. This paper compares the strength of piping and valves based on inherent valve body thickness, body sectional bolting provided, and strength of the equivalent piping flanges. The paper provides conclusions for the user to be aware of so that pre-emptive actions can be taken when using valves with sectional body construction.
Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of the Effects of Ligaments on Human Sacroiliac Joint and Pelvis in Two Different Positions
Authors: Yang Jiajing , Zhao Gaiping , Xu Haifei , Wang Fei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
To present the ligament effects on sacroiliac joint (SIJ) stability and human pelvis biomechanical characteristics in two different positions by using three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) models of pelvis. Based on the computed tomography (CT) data of human pelvis, three-dimensional FE models of human pelvis in sitting and standing positions were established, which include the bone (sacrum, ilium, and coccyx) and six ligaments (sacroiliac, sacrospinous, sacrotuberous, inguinal, superior pubic, and arcuate pubic ligaments). 600 N vertical load was applied at the upper surface of sacrum to analyze the stress and displacement distribution of pelvis and SIJ. The simulation results demonstrated that the maximum stresses of sacrum and ilium on SIJ contact surface were 5.63 MPa and 7.40 MPa in standing position and 7.44 MPa and 7.95 MPa in sitting position. The stresses of ligament dysfunction group were higher than that of health group, which increased by 22.6% and 35.7% in standing position and 25.2% and 43.6% in sitting position in sacrum and ilium. The maximum displacements located on the upper surface of sacrum, which were 0.13 mm and 1.04 mm in standing and sitting positions. Ligaments dysfunction group increased 30.7% and 9.6% than health group in standing and sitting positions. The integral displacement of pelvis was greater in sitting position. The location of stress concentration and displacement distribution of pelvic bone are closely resembled previous research results in two different positions. The simulation results may provide beneficial information and theoretical models for clinical research of pelvic fracture, joint movement, and ligament functional injuries, and so on.
Alterations in the Geometry, Fiber Orientation, and Mechanical Behavior of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc by Nucleus Swelling
Authors: Zhou Chaochao , Willing Ryan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Soft tissues observed in clinical medical images are often prestrained in tension by internal pressure or tissue hydration. For a native disc, nucleus swelling occurs in equilibrium with osmotic pressure induced by the high concentration of proteoglycan in the nucleus. The objective of this computational study was to investigate the effects of nucleus swelling on disc geometry, fiber orientation, and mechanical behavior by comparing those of prestrained and zero-pressure (unswelled) discs. Thermoelastic analysis techniques were repurposed in order to determine the zero-pressure disc geometry which, when pressurized, matches the prestrained disc geometry observed in clinical images. The zero-pressure geometry was then used in simulations to approximately represent a degenerated disc, which loses the ability of nucleus swelling but has not undergone distinct soft tissue remodeling/disruption. Our simulation results demonstrated that the loss of nucleus swelling caused a slight change in the disc geometry and fiber orientation, but a distinct deterioration in the resistance to intervertebral rotations including sagittal bending, lateral bending, and axial torsion. Different from rotational loading, in compression (with a displacement of 0.45 mm applied), a much larger stiffness (3.02 KN/mm) and a greater intradiscal pressure (IDP) (0.61 MPa) were measured in the zero-pressure disc, compared to the prestrained disc (1.41 KN/mm and 0.52 MPa). This computational study could be useful to understand mechanisms of disc degeneration, and guide the future design of disc tissue engineering material and biomimic disc implants.
The Effect of the Joint Capsule and Anterior Oblique Ligament on Dorsal Subluxation of the First Metacarpal During Key Pinch
Authors: Norton Nolan M. , Barnds Brandon , McIff Terence E. , Bruce Toby E. , Fischer Kenneth J. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Laxity of the anterior oblique ligament (AOL) and/or the dorsoradial ligament (DRL) are believed to contribute to the progression of osteoarthritis in the trapeziometacarpal joint through increased dorsal subluxation. Stress radiographs during functional tasks, such as key pinch, can be used to evaluate such joint instability. Cadaveric experiments can explore joint contact pressures as well as subluxation under varying conditions, to gain knowledge about joint mechanics. The disturbance of supporting tissues, such as the joint capsule, during experiments may affect the recorded stability of the joint. To evaluate potential effects of opening the joint capsule and severing the AOL, eleven cadaveric specimens were rigged to simulate key pinch. An anteroposterior (AP) radiograph of the hand was recorded for each specimen while intact, after partially opening the joint capsule and after sectioning the AOL. First metacarpal subluxation levels were compared between the intact joint, partially open joint capsule, and sectioned AOL. Neither opening the joint capsule nor cutting the AOL had a statistically significant effect on metacarpal subluxation. The results indicate that partially opening the joint capsule has a negligible effect on joint mechanics and support recent studies that postulate that the AOL plays a less substantial role in preventing subluxation.
Limits on Kaluza–Klein dark matter annihilation in the Sun from recent IceCube results
Authors: Colom i Bernadich M. , Pérez de los Heros C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe interpret recent IceCube results on searches for dark matter accumulated in the Sun in terms of the lightest Kaluza–Klein excitation (assumed here to be the Kaluza–Klein photon, $$B^1$$B1), obtaining improved limits on the annihilation rate in the Sun, the resulting neutrino flux at the Earth and on the $$B^1$$B1-proton cross-sections, for $$B^1$$B1 masses in the range 30–3000 GeV. These results improve previous results from IceCube in its 22-string configuration by up to an order of magnitude, depending on mass, but also extend the results to $$B^1$$B1 masses as low as 30 GeV.
Prospects for Lorentz invariance violation searches with top pair production at the LHC and future hadron colliders
Authors: Carle Aurélien , Chanon Nicolas , Perriès Stéphane 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of hypothetical Lorentz invariance violation on the $$t\bar{t}$$tt¯ production at the LHC and future hadron colliders. Possible deviations from Lorentz symmetry remain poorly constrained in the top quark sector. With a dedicated analysis of $$t\bar{t}$$tt¯ events produced at the LHC, bounds in the top sector can be improved by up to three orders of magnitude relative to the only measurement existing so far, performed at Tevatron. The sensitivity will be even further enhanced at the HL-LHC and future colliders.
Quantum entanglement of nontrivial spacetime topology
Authors: Huang Zhiming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe analyze the entanglement behaviors for two accelerating atoms interacting with a massless scalar field in the cosmic string spacetime. We calculate different correlation functions for different spacetime topologies. We find that entanglement behaviors are determined by the vacuum fluctuation, two-atom distance, acceleration and nontrivial spacetime topology. It is shown that great two-atom distance and acceleration have negative effect on quantum entanglement. The existence of string has profound impact on the atom-field interaction system and the entanglement behaviors. When deficit angle parameter $$\nu =1$$ν=1 and atoms are far away from the string, the entanglement behaviors are the same with that of Minkowski spacetime. Our analysis about entanglement behaviors in cosmic string spacetime in principle is beneficial to sense the cosmic string spacetime topology structure and property, and discriminate the cosmic string spacetime and Minkowski spacetime. Besides, we also discuss the Unruh thermal effect in the cosmic string spacetime.
Do solar system experiments constrain scalar–tensor gravity?
Authors: Faraoni Valerio , Côté Jeremy , Giusti Andrea 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIt is now established that, contrary to common belief, (electro-)vacuum Brans–Dicke gravity does not reduce to general relativity (GR) for large values of the Brans–Dicke coupling $$\omega $$ω. Since the essence of experimental tests of scalar–tensor gravity consists of providing lower bounds on $$\omega $$ω, in light of the misguided assumption of the equivalence between the limit $$\omega \rightarrow \infty $$ω→∞ and the GR limit of Brans–Dicke gravity, the parametrized post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism on which these tests are based could be in jeopardy. We show that, in the linearized approximation used by the PPN formalism, the anomaly in the limit to general relativity disappears. However, it survives to second (and higher) order and in strong gravity. In other words, while the weak gravity regime cannot tell apart GR and $$\omega \rightarrow \infty $$ω→∞ Brans–Dicke gravity, when higher order terms in the PPN analysis of Brans–Dicke gravity are included, the latter never reduces to the one of GR in this limit. This fact is relevant for experiments aiming to test second order light deflection and Shapiro time delay.
Chemical blindness in Liolaemus lizards is counterbalanced by visual signals, the case of two species with different communication modalities
Authors: Ruiz-Monachesi Mario R. , Valdecantos Soledad , Cruz Félix B. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Animals employ a wide variety of communication tactics that rely on distinct sensory modalities. Lizards are characterized by their heightened dependence on chemical and visual communication. Some authors have proposed that a reduced number of chemical secretory pores may be associated with an increased visual dependence in some species. Here, we study two species of Liolaemus lizards with different chemical features to compare their visual and chemical communication. The first species, L. coeruleus, does not have precloacal pores in either sex, while L. albiceps has precloacal pores in both sexes. We expect that L. coeruleus will principally adhere to the visual modality, while L. albiceps will show greater chemical responses. We filmed the lizard’s response to different chemical and visual stimuli. In the trials, both species demonstrated chemical self-recognition, L. albiceps exhibited less total time in motion but more behavioural displays in the presence of conspecific scents, suggesting conspecific chemical recognition too. On the other hand, visuals results showed that L. coeruleus reacted more to the presence of conspecifics than L. albiceps. These observations suggest that L. coeruleus relies more on visual signalization, while L. albiceps has a greater dependence on chemical communication. Our results may indicate a correspondence between precloacal secretions and the response to these by conspecifics in both species studied.
Vague language challenged
Authors: Zhang Grace Q. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Existing studies focus on the effectiveness of vague language (VL). This study offers a balanced account by highlighting the ineffectiveness of VL. Drawn from institutional data involving the interactions between Australian custom officers and passengers, this study finds that while VL was effective in most cases, it was challenged in 8 % of cases. The data reveals a correlation: the more severe a situation is, the more VL is challenged. Officers performed the most VL challenging when carrying out their institutional duties, and passengers challenged VL to clarify information. Half of the responses to the VL challenge produced the required precise information. Non-compliance occurred because of either no information being available (mostly by officers, non-purposive vagueness) or withholding information (mostly by passengers, purposive vagueness). VL serves both cooperative and competitive purposes depending on the needs of the speaker. It is a double-edged sword and can both facilitate and hinder the proper use of language. The implication is that the acceptance of VL is not universal, and it requires contextual suitability to avoid communication breakdowns.
Manner implicatures and how to spot them
Authors: Rett Jessica 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to help develop a general picture of conversational implicature (Grice, 1975) by looking beyond scalar implicature to see how the phenomenon behaves in a general sense. I focus on non-scalar Quantity implicatures and Manner implicatures. I review canonical examples of Manner implicature, as well as a more recent, productive one involving gradable adjective antonym pairs (Rett, 2015). Based on these data, I argue that Manner implicatures—and conversational implicatures generally—are distinguishable primarily by their calculability; their reinforceability; their discourse sensitivity (to the Question Under Discussion; Roberts, 1990; van Kuppevelt, 1995; Simons et al., 2011); and their embeddability (under negation, propositional attitude verbs, quantifiers, etc.). I use these data to draw conclusions about the usefulness of implicature-specific operators and about ways to compositionally represent conversational implicatures.
International Investment Law and Domestic Investment Rules: Tracing the Upstream and Downstream Flows
Authors: Ratner Steven R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
International investment law and domestic law governing foreign investment strongly influence one another and indeed operate in a relationship of co-dependency or interoperability. Yet the flows between the two bodies of law, and their respective modalities of influence, remain generally unexplored in international legal theory. To shed light on this important phenomenon, this article traces the ways in which international investment law can affect the content of domestic investment law, using theories of international law compliance as a lens for such an understanding. It then proposes a set of pathways by which domestic law can influence the content of international investment rules. International law thus depends upon national law not only for its implementation but for its very content. Indeed, the regime of investment law will not tolerate significant discrepancies between the two. An appreciation of this dynamic is critical to evaluating the prospects of improvements to international investment law and can inform the ongoing discussions among stakeholders to this end.
Theorizing Backlash: Supranational Governance and International Investment Law and Arbitration in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Lindseth Peter L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Theoretical understandings of backlash against international investment law and arbitration can benefit from examining analogous dynamics in supranational governance more generally. Two features characterize both systems: the delegation of regulatory power to functional pre-commitment agents beyond the State; and the persistence of constitutional legitimacy in State-level principals. In these circumstances, the agency-cost problem – the danger that agents exaggerate their autonomous power at the expense of their principals – is aggravated in two ways that find surprising support in the literature. Global Administrative Law, for example, appears to rationalize a system of ‘agents without principals’ by bracketing whether any legitimating relationship between the two is possible. Pluralist-constitutional theorists go further, casting pre-commitment agents as representatives of a global constitutional order, thus rationalizing an outright ‘principal-agent inversion’. Either way, a break occurs in the ‘power-legitimacy nexus’ – the necessary congruence between the agent’s power and the legitimacy it autonomously possesses – thus leading to backlash.
National Sovereignty and International Investment Law: Sovereignty Reassertion and Prospects of Reform
Authors: Dimitropoulos Georgios 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The growing tendency among States to terminate their international investment agreements and/or replace them with domestic laws may be understood as a reclamation of national sovereignty vis-à-vis international institutions. The article develops a typology of moves to reassert sovereignty in international investment law, distinguishing: (a) an isolationist reassertion from (b) an international reassertion and in turn from (c) domesticating reassertion. The article further claims that international investment law and its reform needs to be informed by research into domestic systems of governance in order to better conceptualize the ways in which international law principles are implemented alongside and through the use of domestic legal instruments, but also in order to help inform the reform process of international investment law. It finally identifies the ways in which domestic and international law co-exist and mutually influence each other with a view to the substantive and procedural law reform of the investment regime.
Reform and Adaptation: The Experience of the Americas with International Investment Law
Authors: Hodgson Mélida N 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Over the last two decades Latin American States have been deluged with investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) with double-digit cases, and billion-dollar damages awards. These States have sought to regain control of the narrative by embarking on various reform initiatives. This article first sets the scene with a brief review of the experience of Latin American States with investment arbitration over the last two decades, then examines the efforts undertaken in the last few years by Latin American States to gain control over their investment arbitration experience. This has been done on a bilateral, regional and supra-regional level. Reforms including the revisions of substantive provisions, as well as the development of regional arbitration fora are examined. Finally, it offers some thoughts on the prospects for the region’s reform movement.
Erich Wasmann, S.J.: Natural Species and Catholic Polyphyletic Evolution during the Modernist Crisis
Authors: Hofmann James R. 
Published: February 2020

During the first half of the twentieth century, “natural species” played a prominent role in Catholic efforts to accommodate evolutionary biology within the neo-Scholastic theology of the age. Particularly during the modernist crisis early in the century, the most influential figure in this development was the Jesuit entomologist and evolutionary theorist Erich Wasmann (1859–1931). The anti-modernist context in which Wasmann worked included two cases involving evolution that were decided by the Congregation of the Index while Franz Xaver Wernz (1842–1914), Wasmann’s future Jesuit superior general (1906–14), served as a consultor. I describe Wasmann’s introduction of the natural species concept against this background and analyze his decision to abide by Wernz’s warning with respect to human evolution. I then provide examples of how Wasmann’s reliance upon natural species and polyphyletic evolution was adopted in subsequent Catholic efforts to reach a synthesis of theology and evolutionary biology.
1
Science of the Vatican Observatory since 2000
Authors: Consolmagno, S.J. Guy 
Published: February 2020

Five research areas have been the focus of the scientific work of the Specola Vaticana (Vatican Observatory) over the past twenty years: planetary sciences, stellar astronomy, extragalactic astronomy, cosmology, and the development of the Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope (vatt). The choice of research program is left to the individual astronomers, all of whom work closely with lay collaborators around the world. Notable, especially in connection with the vatt, is the close coordination of the Specola with the Steward Observatory of the University of Arizona. One unique strength of the Specola is its independence from short-term funding requirements. As a result of its stable funding, Specola astronomers can engage in long-term research programs such as surveys of meteorite properties, exoplanets, stellar clusters, and galaxy clusters, which may take ten or more years to come to fruition. In this way the Specola complements the large research programs of contemporary astronomy.
The European Jesuit Libraries Provenance Project
Authors: Comerford Kathleen M. 
Published: February 2020

The European Jesuit Libraries Provenance Project is a census of books once owned by a Jesuit college or house in Europe between the 1550s and 1773. The suppression of the Society of Jesus led to the dispersal of its books, and the ejlpp uses both manuscript inventories and searches in modern libraries to locate the volumes once associated with the Society of Jesus. It is multimedia, digital humanities endeavor, supervised by Kathleen M. Comerford and employing student interns at Georgia Southern University.