bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of endometriosis using immunocytochemistry of P450 Aromatase expressions in eutopic endometrial cells obtained from menstrual sloughing: a diagnostic study
Authors: Madjid Tita Husnitawati , Jumadi  , Judistiani Raden Tina Dewi , Hernowo Bethy Suryawathy , Faried Ahmad 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objective
To explore the possibility of a new diagnostic approach of endometriosis based on immunocytochemistry scoring of Aromatase P450 expressions in endometrial cells collected from menstrual sloughing. This is a case control study. Immuncytochemistry scores vs. histopathological examination in one tertiary- and secondary-level hospital in Bandung; two secondary level hospital in Garut and Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia. Thirty-five patients with and without endometriosis were enrolled. All subjects had diagnostic procedures for endometriosis suspicion, with addition menstrual blood samples for cytopathological examination. The specimens were sent for immunocytochemistry assessment of P450 Aromatase expressions (ICAPEC). The previous procedure resulted in cut-off point of histo score (H-score), sensitivity, specificity, (+) and (−) ICAPEC predictive value.

Results
The P450 Aromatase expression in endometrial cells of women with endometriosis was significantly stronger than without one. The cut-off point of H-scores to detect endometriosis was > 4. By this criteria, H-score had 94.6% sensitivity, 90.9% specificity, 92% positive predictive value and 93% negative predictive value. Immunocytochemistry scoring of Aromatase P450 expression in endometrial cells (ICAPEC) derived from menstrual blood specimen was a good candidate as alternatives approach in diagnostic procedure of endometriosis. Application and evaluation in clinical practice would provide the economically benefit in diagnostic procedure.
Diffusion processes modeling in magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Morozov Sergey , Sergunova Kristina , Petraikin Alexey , Akhmad Ekaterina , Kivasev Stanislav , Semenov Dmitry , Blokhin Ivan , Karpov Igor , Vladzymyrskyy Anton , Morozov Alexander 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
The paper covers modern approaches to the evaluation of neoplastic processes with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and proposes a physical model for monitoring the primary quantitative parameters of DWI and quality assurance. Models of hindered and restricted diffusion are studied.

Material and method
To simulate hindered diffusion, we used aqueous solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone with concentrations of 0 to 70%. We created siloxane-based water-in-oil emulsions that simulate restricted diffusion in the intracellular space. To obtain a high signal on DWI in the broadest range of b values, we used silicon oil with high T2: cyclomethicone and caprylyl methicone. For quantitative assessment of our phantom, we performed DWI on 1.5T magnetic resonance scanner with various fat suppression techniques. We assessed water-in-oil emulsion as an extracorporeal source signal by simultaneously scanning a patient in whole-body DWI sequence.

Results
We developed phantom with control substances for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements ranging from normal tissue to benign and malignant lesions: from 2.29 to 0.28 mm2/s. The ADC values of polymer solutions are well relevant to the mono-exponential equation with the mean relative difference of 0.91%.

Conclusion
The phantom can be used to assess the accuracy of the ADC measurements, as well as the effectiveness of fat suppression. The control substances (emulsions) can be used as a body marker for quality assurance in whole-body DWI with a wide range of b values.
The downregulated membrane expression of CD18 in CD34+ cells defines a primitive population of human hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Mesa-Núñez Cristina , Leon-Rico Diego , Aldea Montserrat , Damián Carlos , Sanchez-Baltasar Raquel , Sanchez Rebeca , Alberquilla Omaira , Segovia José Carlos , Bueren Juan Antonio , Almarza Elena 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
CD18 is the common beta subunit of β2 integrins, which are expressed on hematopoietic cells. β2 integrins are essential for cell adhesion and leukocyte trafficking.

Methods
Here we have analyzed the expression of CD18 in different subsets of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from cord blood (CB), bone marrow (BM), and mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) samples. CD34+ cells were classified into CD18high and CD18low/neg, and each of these populations was analyzed for the expression of HSPC markers, as well as for their clonogenity, quiescence state, and repopulating ability in immunodeficient mice.

Results
A downregulated membrane expression of CD18 was associated with a primitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) phenotype, as well as with a higher content of quiescent cells and multipotent colony-forming cells (CFCs). Although no differences in the short-term repopulating potential of CD18low/neg CD34+ and CD18high CD34+ cells were observed, CD18low/neg CD34+ cells were characterized by an enhanced long-term repopulating ability in NSG mice.

Conclusions
Overall, our results indicate that the downregulated membrane expression of CD18 characterizes a primitive population of human hematopoietic repopulating cells.
Urine NGAL as a biomarker for septic AKI: a critical appraisal of clinical utility—data from the observational FINNAKI study
Authors:   the FINNAKI study group, Törnblom Sanna , Nisula Sara , Petäjä Liisa , Vaara Suvi T. , Haapio Mikko , Pesonen Eero , Pettilä Ville 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is released from kidney tubular cells under stress as well as from neutrophils during inflammation. It has been suggested as a biomarker for acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients with sepsis. To evaluate clinical usefulness of urine NGAL (uNGAL), we post-hoc applied recently introduced statistical methods to a sub-cohort of septic patients from the prospective observational Finnish Acute Kidney Injury (FINNAKI) study. Accordingly, in 484 adult intensive care unit patients with sepsis by Sepsis-3 criteria, we calculated areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) for the first available uNGAL to assess discrimination for four outcomes: AKI defined by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, severe (KDIGO 2–3) AKI, and renal replacement therapy (RRT) during the first 3 days of intensive care, and mortality at day 90. We constructed clinical prediction models for the outcomes and used risk assessment plots and decision curve analysis with predefined threshold probabilities to test whether adding uNGAL to the models improved reclassification or decision making in clinical practice.

Results
Incidences of AKI, severe AKI, RRT, and mortality were 44.8% (217/484), 27.7% (134/484), 9.5% (46/484), and 28.1% (136/484). Corresponding AUCs for uNGAL were 0.690, 0.728, 0.769, and 0.600. Adding uNGAL to the clinical prediction models improved discrimination of AKI, severe AKI, and RRT. However, the net benefits for the new models were only 1.4% (severe AKI and RRT) to 2.5% (AKI), and the number of patients needed to be tested per one extra true-positive varied from 40 (AKI) to 74 (RRT) at the predefined threshold probabilities.

Conclusions
The results of the recommended new statistical methods do not support the use of uNGAL in critically ill septic patients to predict AKI or clinical outcomes.
Trajectory optimization and resource allocation for UAV base stations under in-band backhaul constraint
Authors: Huang Dongdong , Cui Miao , Zhang Guangchi , Chu Xiaoli , Lin Fan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to emerging communication systems has attracted a lot of research interests due to the advantages of UAVs, such as high mobility, flexible deployment, and cost-effectiveness. The UAV-carried base stations (UAV-BS) can provide on-demand service to users in temporary or emergency events. However, how to optimize the communication performance of a UAV-BS with a limited-bandwidth wireless backhaul is still a challenge. This paper focuses on improving the spectrum efficiency of a UAV-BS while guaranteeing user fairness under in-band backhaul constraint. We propose to maximize the minimum user rate among all the users served by the UAV-BS by jointly optimizing the allocation of bandwidth and transmit power, as well as the trajectory of the UAV-BS. As the formulated problem is non-convex, we propose an efficient algorithm to solve it suboptimally based on the alternating optimization and successive convex optimization methods. Computer simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a significantly higher minimum user rate than the benchmark schemes.
Sharp trapezoid and mid-point type inequalities on closed balls in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$
Authors: Rostamian Delavar M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis paper deals with some trapezoid and mid-point type inequalities on closed balls in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$R3. Three kinds of functions are considered: convex, Lipschitz, and bounded functions. The spherical coordinates are used to obtain sharp inequalities. Also a reverse result is given for the right-hand side of Hermite–Hadamard’s inequality obtained on closed balls in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$R3.
Numerical approximation of time-fractional Burgers-type equation
Authors: Yang Miaomiao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work, we analyze and test a local discontinuous Galerkin method for solving the Burgers-type equation. The proposed numerical method, which is high-order accurate, is based on a finite difference scheme in time and local discontinuous Galerkin methods in space. We prove that the scheme is unconditionally stable and convergent. Some numerical tests are provided to illustrate the accuracy and capability of the scheme.
Imaging in clinical trials: a patient-led questionnaire study to assess impact of imaging regimes on patient participation
Authors: May Katherine , Lee Martin , Jefford Monica , Ribeiro Ana , Macdonald Alison , Morgan Veronica , Usher Marianne , de Souza Nandita M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background
Cancer trials often incorporate intensive imaging with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography with Computerised Tomography (PET/CT), which can be physically and mentally exhausting for patients. This questionnaire study aimed to determine the aspects of imaging that affect a patient’s decision to participate in clinical trials in order to inform the design of future trials that utilise imaging. This should achieve greater patient compliance and improve the patient experience.

Method
A detailed questionnaire assessing patient expectation and acceptability of imaging within clinical trials was developed in collaboration with two patient representatives. The questionnaire addressed the influence of scan type, length, frequency, scheduling, invasiveness and staff support on acceptability of imaging. It was applied to three patient groups. Group 1 consisted of patients newly recruited to studies with imaging, Group 2 consisted of previous participants in studies with imaging and Group 3 consisted of patients having imaging for clinical care.

Results
One hundred ninety six patients completed the questionnaires (Group 1:47; Group 2: 50 and Group 3: 99). The use of ionising radiation and number of scans required were identified as negative influences on decision to participate by 25% of Group 3 but only by 6% of Groups 1 and 2. Scan duration >30mins was perceived as a negative factor for decision to participate by all Groups (12–22%). Good communication provided by researchers in terms of discussing the study before and after reading study materials was a key factor in influencing decision to participate (> 50% in Groups 1 and 2 and > 20% in Group 3).

Conclusion
Factors relating to imaging procedures within clinical trials that affect participation have been identified with communication around study materials as the key determinant. These data will be used to influence the development of future research protocols. Modification of imaging requirements within clinical trials will improve patient tolerance and acceptability and is likely to raise recruitment.
Predicting self-harm in prisoners: Risk factors and a prognostic model in a cohort of 542 prison entrants
Authors: Ryland Howard , Gould Charlotte , McGeorge Tristan , Hawton Keith , Fazel Seena 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground.Self-harm is common in prisoners. There is an association between self-harm in prisoners and subsequent suicide, both within prison and on release. The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a prediction model to identify male prisoners at high risk of self-harm.Methods.We developed an 11-item screening model, based on risk factors identified from the literature. This screen was administered to 542 prisoners within 7 days of arrival in two male prisons in England. Participants were followed up for 6 months to identify those who subsequently self-harmed in prison. Analysis was conducted using Cox proportional hazard regression. Discrimination and calibration were determined for the model. The model was subsequently optimized using multivariable analysis, weighting variables, and dropping poorly performing items.Results.Seventeen (3.1%) of the participants self-harmed during follow up (median 53 days). The strongest risk factors were previous self-harm in prison (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 9.3 [95% CI: 3.3–16.6]) and current suicidal ideation (aHR = 7.6 [2.1–27.4]). As a continuous score, a one-point increase in the suicide screen was significantly associated with self-harm (HR = 1.4, 1.1–1.7). At the prespecified cut off score of 5, the screening model was associated with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.66 (0.53–0.79), with poor calibration. The optimized model saw two items dropped from the original screening tool, weighting of risk factors based on a multivariable model, and an AUC of 0.84 (0.76–0.92).Conclusions.Further work is necessary to clarify the association between risk factors and self-harm in prison. Despite good face validity, current screening tools for self-harm need validation in new prison samples.
Regorafenib Plus Nivolumab in Patients With Advanced Gastric or Colorectal Cancer: An Open-Label, Dose-Escalation, and Dose-Expansion Phase Ib Trial (REGONIVO, EPOC1603)
Authors: Fukuoka Shota , Hara Hiroki , Takahashi Naoki , Kojima Takashi , Kawazoe Akihito , Asayama Masako , Yoshii Takako , Kotani Daisuke , Tamura Hitomi , Mikamoto Yuichi , Hirano Nami , Wakabayashi Masashi , Nomura Shogo , Sato Akihiro , Kuwata Takeshi , Togashi Yosuke , Nishikawa Hiroyoshi , Shitara Kohei 
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE This is a phase Ib trial of regorafenib plus nivolumab for gastric and colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Enrolled patients received regorafenib plus nivolumab in a dose-finding part to estimate the maximum tolerated dose. Additional patients were enrolled in a dose-expansion part. Regorafenib of 80-160 mg was administered once daily for 21 days on/7 days off with nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks. The primary end point was dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) during the first 4 weeks to estimate the recommended dose. RESULTS Fifty patients (25 each with gastric and colorectal cancer) were enrolled. All patients had received ≥ 2 previous lines of chemotherapy, including anti-angiogenetic inhibitors in 96% of patients. Seven patients with gastric cancer had previously been treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. One patient had microsatellite instability–high colorectal cancer, whereas the remaining patients had microsatellite stable or mismatch repair–proficient tumors. Three DLTs (grade 3 colonic perforation, maculopapular rash, and proteinuria) were observed with regorafenib 160 mg; none were observed with 80 or 120 mg. During the dose-expansion part, regorafenib dose was reduced from 120 to 80 mg because of frequent maculopapular rash. The common grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events were rash (12%), proteinuria (12%), and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (10%). Objective tumor response was observed in 20 patients (40%), including 11 with gastric cancer (44%) and 9 with colorectal cancer (36%). Median progression-free survival was 5.6 and 7.9 months in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer, respectively. CONCLUSION The combination of regorafenib 80 mg plus nivolumab had a manageable safety profile and encouraging antitumor activity in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer, which warrants additional investigations in larger cohorts.
Photoelectrochemical Properties of Particulate CuGaSe2 and CuIn0.7Ga0.3Se2 Photocathodes in Nonaqueous Electrolyte
Authors: Kageshima Yosuke , Shiga Sota , Kumagai Hiromu , Teshima Katsuya , Domen Kazunari , Nishikiori Hiromasa 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of particulate CuGaSe2 (CGSe) and CuIn0.7Ga0.3Se2 (CIGS) photocathodes were evaluated in an acetonitrile electrolyte containing iron(III) acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)3) under simulated sunlight illumination, and compared to that in a typical aqueous electrolyte. The particulate CGSe and CIGS photocathodes can generate higher photovoltages, which is a more positive onset potential than the hydrogen evolution in an aqueous electrolyte possibly due to the facile one-electron reduction of Fe(acac)3, while the cathodic photocurrent decreased due to light shielding by the colored nonaqueous electrolyte. Indeed, the incident-photon-to-current conversion efficiencies (IPCEs) of the photocathode evidently decreased in the wavelength region of 400–600 nm, where the Fe(acac)3 acetonitrile electrolyte shows an intense light absorption. The CIGS photocathode generates a higher cathodic photocurrent than the CGSe during hydrogen evolution from the aqueous electrolyte, while the CGSe exhibits superior PEC performances to CIGS in the nonaqueous electrolyte, which can be explained by the energy level of the conduction band minimum (CBM) of CGSe and CIGS compared to the reduction potential for Fe(acac)3. Finally, the two-electrode PEC-voltaic (PECV) cell consisting of the CGSe photocathode and Pt anode demonstrated a stable generated photovoltage by a one-step photoexcitation process.
Is There a Link between Stress and Cognition, and Capacity to Execute Motor Skill?
Authors: SERPELL BENJAMIN G. , WADDINGTON GORDON , MCGRATH BRADEN , COOK CHRISTIAN J. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the link between stress (measured via salivary cortisol and testosterone), cognition (measured via pupillometry, with greater pupil constriction and reduced pupil constriction latency associated with increased attention and improved information processing), and motor skill capacity (measured via somatosensory processing).

Methods
Twenty-five professional rugby players participated in this study. Saliva samples were collected upon waking, before pupillometry and somatosensory processing testing, and after testing. Testing times varied for participants; however, it was always in the morning, and the order of testing was randomized.

Results
Very small differences in hormone concentrations were seen across the morning (effect size = 0.01). Moderate to large differences in left eye pupil constriction for direct (left eye) versus consensual (right eye) stimulus were also seen (P < 0.01; effect size = 0.51 to 1.04). No differences for pupil constriction latency were seen for direct versus consensual stimulus. Some positive weak to moderate relationships were seen for testosterone and pupil constriction latency (r = 0.37 to 0.39, P < 0.05). Moderate to strong inverse relationships were seen for hormones with left eye pupil constriction difference between direct and consensual stimulus, and for pre- to posttest testosterone-to-cortisol ratio decline with left eye pupil constriction for direct and consensual stimulus (r = 0.41 to 0.52, P < 0.05). Weak to moderate inverse relationships for testosterone-to-cortisol ratio decline and somatosensory processing were seen (r = 0.36 to 0.47, P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Stress may affect ability to receive information and ability to execute motor tasks. Thus, stress may compromise ability to make appropriate objective decisions and consequently execute skill/task behavior. Strategies to help mitigate negative stress responses are noted.
A non-fluorescent HaloTag blocker for improved measurement and visualization of protein synthesis in living cells
Authors: Cohen Laurie D. , Boulos Ayub , Ziv Noam E. 
Published: April 2020

Background: HaloTag is a modified bacterial enzyme that binds rapidly and irreversibly to an array of synthetic ligands, including chemical dyes. When expressed in live cells in conjunction with a protein of interest, HaloTag can be used to study protein trafficking, synthesis, and degradation. For instance, sequential HaloTag labeling with spectrally separable dyes can be used to separate preexisting protein pools from proteins newly synthesized following experimental manipulations or the passage of time. Unfortunately, incomplete labeling by the first dye, or labeling by residual, trapped dye pools can confound interpretation. Methods: Labeling specificity of newly synthesized proteins could be improved by blocking residual binding sites. To that end, we synthesized a non-fluorescent, cell permeable blocker (1-chloro-6-(2-propoxyethoxy)hexane; CPXH), essentially the HaloTag ligand backbone without the reactive amine used to attach fluorescent groups. Results: High-content imaging was used to quantify the ability of CPXH to block HaloTag ligand binding in live HEK cells expressing a fusion protein of mTurquoise2 and HaloTag. Full saturation was observed at CPXH concentrations of 5-10 µM at 30 min. No overt effects on cell viability were observed at any concentration or treatment duration. The ability of CPXH to improve the reliability of newly synthesized protein detection was then demonstrated in live cortical neurons expressing the mTurquoise2-HaloTag fusion protein, in both single and dual labeling time lapse experiments. Practically no labeling was observed after blocking HaloTag binding sites with CPXH when protein synthesis was suppressed with cycloheximide, confirming the identification of newly synthesized protein copies as such, while providing estimates of protein synthesis suppression in these experiments. Conclusions: CPXH is a reliable (and inexpensive) non-fluorescent ligand for improving assessment of protein-of-interest metabolism in live cells using HaloTag technology.
Assortative Matching and Reputation in the Market for First Issues
Authors: Akkus Oktay , Cookson J. Anthony , Hortaçsu Ali 
Published: April 2020

Using a tractable structural model of the matching equilibrium between underwriters and equity-issuing firms, we study the determinants of value in underwriter–firm relationships. Our estimates imply that high underwriter prestige is associated with 5.3%–14.1% greater equilibrium surplus. According to the structural model, high prestige exhibits a significant certification effect throughout the sample (1985–2010), but there is also a countervailing effect of underwriter prestige that reflects subscriber preferences for more underpricing. Consistent with trading off profits from issuers and subscribers, high-prestige underwriters underprice more in hot markets when rents to catering to subscribers are greatest. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.