bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence to healthy and sustainable diets is not differentiated by cost, but rather source of foods among young adults in Albania
Authors: Llanaj Erand , Hanley-Cook Giles T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh cost of nutritious foods and eating out of home (OH) might be barriers to healthy and sustainable diets. We examined adherence to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), EAT–Lancet reference diet (EAT) and Mediterranean diet score (MDS) and the associations with dietary cost and eating OH. We evaluated cross-sectional data from single multiple-pass 24-h diet recalls from 289 young adults (18–24 years) in Tirana, Albania. Dietary cost (in Albanian Lek (ALL)) was estimated by matching food consumption data with retail prices from local fast-food chains, supermarkets, restaurants and food vendors. Poisson regression was fitted to models that included DASH, EAT and MDS as dependent variables to assess associations between healthy sustainable diet indicators and dietary cost and eating OH. Adjusted models were controlled for BMI, sex and total energy intake (kJ) using the residual method. Our findings indicate relatively poor adherence to healthy and sustainable dietary patterns among young men and women in Albania. Furthermore, better adherence to DASH, EAT or MDS was not associated with dietary cost (per 100 ALL; range incidence rate ratios (IRR): 0·97–1·00; all (un-)adjusted P > 0·05). Nonetheless, eating OH was related to lower adherence to DASH (IRR: 0·79; P = 0·003) and MDS (IRR: 0·69; P < 0·001). In conclusion, adherence to health and sustainable dietary patterns was poor and not differentiated by cost, but rather source of foods (i.e. OH or at home). Further research on the potential public and environmental health effects of these findings is warranted in Albania.
Weight gain and body composition during pregnancy: a randomised pilot trial with probiotics and/or fish oil
Authors: Pellonperä Outi , Vahlberg Tero , Mokkala Kati , Houttu Noora , Koivuniemi Ella , Tertti Kristiina , Rönnemaa Tapani , Laitinen Kirsi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of fish oil and/or probiotic supplementation in a randomised placebo-controlled intervention pilot trial on gestational weight gain (GWG) and body composition. Additionally, the influence of gestational diabetes (GDM) on GWG and body composition was assessed. We randomised 439 overweight women into intervention groups: fish oil + placebo, probiotics + placebo, fish oil + probiotics and placebo + placebo (fish oil: 1·9 g DHA and 0·22 g EPA and probiotics: Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420, 1010 colony-forming units each). GDM was diagnosed with oral glucose tolerance test. Body composition was measured with air displacement plethysmography at randomisation (mean 13·9) and in late pregnancy (mean 35·2 gestational weeks). Intervention did not influence mean GWG or change in body fat mass/percentage (P > 0·17). Body composition in early pregnancy did not differ between the women who did or did not develop GDM (adjusted P > 0·23). Compared with the normoglycaemic women (n 278), women diagnosed with GDM (n 119) gained less weight (7·7 (sd 0·4) v. 9·3 (sd 0·4) kg, adjusted mean difference −1·66 (95 % CI −2·52, −0·80) and fat mass (0·4 (sd 0·4) v. 1·8 (sd 0·3) kg, adjusted mean difference −1·43 (95 % CI −2·19, −0·67) during the follow-up. In conclusion, adiposity of pregnant overweight women was not affected by supplementation with fish oil and/or probiotics, nor did it predict the development of GDM. However, adiposity was reduced in women with GDM compared with normoglycaemic women irrespective of the dietary intervention.
Body composition, not dietary fatty acid composition, explains metabolic responses following a high-fat meal in premenopausal normal-weight women: a single-blind, randomised, crossover study
Authors: Graybeal Austin J , Willis Jada L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of three different fatty acid (FA)-rich meals enriched in either SFA, MUFA or PUFA on postprandial metabolic responses in premenopausal, normal-weight women. For this randomised, single-blind, crossover study, three high-fat (HF) meals rich in either SFA, MUFA or PUFA (65 % energy from fat; 35 % of participants’ total daily energy needs) were tested. For each visit, anthropometrics and RMR were measured following a 12–15 h fast. Then, participants consumed one of the HF meals, and respiratory gases were collected using indirect calorimetry for 3 h postprandially. Energy expenditure (EE) following a SFA-rich meal was significantly higher than a MUFA-rich meal (P= 0·04;η2= 0·19), but SFA was not significantly different from PUFA. There was a trend towards significance in EE between PUFA and MUFA (P= 0·06). After adjusting for fat-free mass (FFM), there were no longer condition or time effects for EE, although FFM remained a significant predictor (P= 0·005;η2= 0·45). There were no significant differences between conditions for dietary-induced thermogenesis or substrate oxidation. The relationship between fat mass (FM) and both total fat oxidation (r0·62;P= 0·025) and total change in RER following a MUFA-rich meal was observed (r−0·55;P= 0·05). In conclusion, weight loss through increases in EE may be best achieved by increasing FFM rather than selection of FA type. Further, a relationship exists between FM and fat oxidation following a MUFA-rich meal, most likely due to an unidentified mechanism.
Videoconferencing for multidisciplinary team meetings in the coronavirus disease era – human factors awareness and recognition
Authors: Kerawala C , Riva F , Paleri V 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to the birth of videoconference multidisciplinary teams, which are now commonplace. This remote way of deciding care demands a new set of rules to ensure the quality of the complex decisions that are made for the patient group needing multidisciplinary care. Videoconference multidisciplinary teams bring with them novel forms of distraction that are under-appreciated and can impair decision-making.MethodA practical checklist was generated as applied to videoconference multidisciplinary teams using the principles of human factors awareness and recognition.ResultsSome of the strategies that should be adopted to minimise errors arising from human factors are: information technology support, a suitable environment to dial in, a global checklist employed prior to the videoconference, visible participants, avoiding distractions from other sources (e.g. e-mail, mobile phone), a videoconference sign-out and rapid dissemination of the outcomes sheet.ConclusionThis article presents a framework that uses human factors principles applied in this setting, which will contribute to enhanced patient safety, team working and a reduction in medical errors.
Blunted reward prediction error signals in internet gaming disorder
Authors: Lei Wei , Liu Kezhi , Chen Guangxiang , Tolomeo Serenella , Liu Cuizhen , Peng Zhenlei , Liu Boya , Liang Xuemei , Huang Chaohua , Xiang Bo , Zhou Jia , Zhao Fulin , Yu Rongjun , Chen Jing 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundInternet gaming disorder (IGD) is a type of behavioural addictions. One of the key features of addiction is the excessive exposure to addictive objectives (e.g. drugs) reduces the sensitivity of the brain reward system to daily rewards (e.g. money). This is thought to be mediated via the signals expressed as dopaminergic reward prediction error (RPE). Emerging evidence highlights blunted RPE signals in drug addictions. However, no study has examined whether IGD also involves alterations in RPE signals that are observed in other types of addictions.MethodsTo fill this gap, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 45 IGD and 42 healthy controls (HCs) during a reward-related prediction-error task and utilised a psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis to characterise the underlying neural correlates of RPE and related functional connectivity.ResultsRelative to HCs, IGD individuals showed impaired reinforcement learning, blunted RPE signals in multiple regions of the brain reward system, including the right caudate, left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Moreover, the PPI analysis revealed a pattern of hyperconnectivity between the right caudate, right putamen, bilateral DLPFC, and right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) in the IGD group. Finally, linear regression suggested that the connection between the right DLPFC and right dACC could significantly predict the variation of RPE signals in the left OFC.ConclusionsThese results highlight disrupted RPE signalling and hyperconnectivity between regions of the brain reward system in IGD. Reinforcement learning deficits may be crucial underlying characteristics of IGD pathophysiology.
Development of the voiceless sibilant fricative contrast in three-year-olds: an ultrasound and acoustic study
Authors: ZHARKOVA Natalia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe study analysed spectral and tongue shape dynamics of voiceless alveolar and postalveolar fricatives produced by ten children learning Scottish English. Synchronised ultrasound tongue imaging data and acoustic data were used to characterise children's productions of the phonemic contrast. Six children had consistently accurate productions of both fricative targets, with some cross-consonant phonetic differences in the direction previously demonstrated for older children and adults, as well as some immature acoustic and articulatory dynamic patterns. Instrumental analyses made it possible to describe tongue shape for phonemic errors and phonetically distorted realisations. There was some evidence of articulatory contrast in production preceding contrast in perception. The observed patterns can be explained by the complex articulatory demands on the fricative production, in combination with the developing control of articulators. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of the results for phonological theory and for speech therapy practice.
Scarlet fever outbreak in a primary and middle school in Germany: importance of case ascertainment and risk communication
Authors: Saad N. J. , Muller N. , Walter J. , Murajda L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A cluster of 18 scarlet fever cases and large illness absenteeism (32%, 58/184) in a school prompted concern and further investigation. We conducted telephone interviews with parents to ascertain cases and better comprehend parents' views. We identified 19 cases, of which 13 reported scarlet fever diagnosis by a physician and only seven fulfilled the probable case definition. We concluded that the outbreak was far smaller than suspected and found that communication and reporting could be improved. Accurate information and communication is essential in an outbreak; the school's concern could have been alleviated sooner and response measures better targeted.
Guiding local-scale management to improve the conservation of endangered populations: the example of Bonelli’s EagleAquila fasciata
Authors: ROLLAN ÀLEX , HERNÁNDEZ-MATÍAS ANTONIO , BOSCH RAFEL , TINTÓ ALBERT , PUIG-GIRONÈS ROGER , CASTELL CARLES , REAL JOAN 
Published: November 2020

SummaryUnderstanding the environmental drivers of demographic processes is a prerequisite for providing the evidence-based conservation guidance and management actions required to address management goals at population level. Human activities, to which most species are not adapted, are having an ever-increasing impact on the environment. Most policies and strategies focus on broad-scale conservation actions and disregard the fact that this type of action may not be adequate at local scale. In addition, even though the main conservation targets are well known, managers and practitioners lack an explicit framework in which to identify the varying requirements of site-specific conservation actions. Our aim was to provide an accurate tool for prioritizing specific local-scale conservation actions for endangered territorial birds. In this study we describe our proposed framework using a population of the endangered Bonelli’s EagleAquila fasciataas a case study. We identified the most relevant environmental drivers linked to demographic parameters (occupation, productivity and survival) at local scale shaping the dynamics of the Bonelli’s Eagle population in Catalonia (Spain). This information will be useful for designing specific local-scale conservation actions in eagles’ territories with low demographic parameter values. This is a good example of how applied research and achievable conservation practices are applicable to other Bonelli’s eagle populations and to those of other endangered raptors.
The added value of the advanced practice provider in paediatric acute care cardiology
Authors: Willis Amanda J. , Hoerst Amanda , Hart Stephen A. , Holbein Diana , Lowery Kristyn , Harahsheh Ashraf S. , Kipps Alaina K. , Madsen Nicolas , Patel Sonali S. , Tanel Ronn E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectives:Advanced practice providers (APPs) are being employed at increasing rates in order to meet new in-hospital care demands. Utilising the Paediatric Acute Care Cardiology Collaborative (PAC3) hospital survey, we evaluated variations in staffing models regarding first-line providers and assessed associations with programme volume, acuity of care, and post-operative length of stay (LOS).Study design:The PAC3 hospital survey defined staffing models and resource availability across member institutions. A resource acuity score was derived for each participating acute care cardiology unit. Surgical volume was obtained from The Society of Thoracic Surgeons database. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the relationship between staffing models and centre volume as well as unit acuity. A previously developed case-mix adjustment model for total post-operative LOS was utilised in a multinomial regression model to evaluate the association of APP patient coverage with observed-to-expected post-operative LOS.Results:Surveys were completed by 31 (91%) PAC3 centres in 2017. Nearly all centres (94%) employ APPs, with a mean of 1.7 (range 0–5) APPs present on weekday rounds. The number of APPs present has a positive correlation with surgical volume (r = 0.49, p < 0.01) and increased acuity (r = 0.39, p = 0.03). In the multivariate model, as coverage by APPs increased from low to moderate or high, there was greater likelihood of having a shorter-than-expected post-operative LOS (p < 0.001).Conclusions:The incorporation of paediatric acute care cardiology APPs is associated with reduced post-operative LOS. Future studies are necessary to understand how APPs impact these patient-specific outcomes.
A novel design of ultra-wide stop-band single-layer frequency selective surface using square-loop and cross
Authors: Birwal Amit , Singh Sanjeev , Kanaujia Binod Kumar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a novel design of ultra-wide stop-band single-side single-layer frequency selective surface (FSS) is presented. The unit cell of the proposed FSS is designed using the combination of conventional square loop and cross (CSLC). To enhance the bandwidth of this structure, an additional cross is inserted in all the four quadrants of CSLC. The stop-band transmission bandwidth assuming −10 dB threshold is found to be 128.94% (2.16–10 GHz) which is 34.33% more as compared to the bandwidth of CSLC. The unit cell with a dimension of 16 × 16 mm2 is printed on one side of an FR4 substrate. The design is fabricated and the measured results are found to be in good agreement with the simulated results. The design provides excellent stability for both transverse magnetic and transverse electric polarizations. The design is very flexible, where any resonant frequency can be achieved by changing the length of unit cell. The design is useful in many applications such as antenna gain enhancement, electromagnetic wave shielding for Wi-Fi/5G systems, and other Internet of Things-based applications.
Evaluation of terbacil-based herbicide treatments for hair fescue (Festuca filiformis) management in lowbush blueberry
Authors: White Scott N. , Zhang Linshan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHair fescue is a common tuft-forming perennial grass weed that reduces yields and hinders mechanical harvest in lowbush blueberry fields. PRE terbacil applications traditionally controlled hair fescue but currently only provide suppression in most fields. Terbacil use has not, however, been evaluated in conjunction with other currently registered herbicides in lowbush blueberry. The objective of this research was to evaluate a range of terbacil-based herbicide treatments for hair fescue management in lowbush blueberry. The experiment was conducted at three lowbush blueberry fields in Nova Scotia, Canada. Spring nonbearing-year terbacil applications (2,000 g ai ha–1) exhibited variable efficacy on hair fescue with reduced total tuft density at one site and reduced flowering-tuft density and flowering-tuft inflorescence number at two sites. Suppression was limited to the year of application only. Terbacil followed by (fb) foramsulfuron (35 g ai ha–1) did not improve suppression. A terbacil tank mixture with glufosinate (750 ai ha–1), however, reduced flowering-tuft density and flowering-tuft inflorescence number at each site and reduced total tuft density at one site, suggesting improved suppression with terbacil + glufosinate relative to terbacil alone. Terbacil + glufosinate fb foramsulfuron gave additional reductions in total tuft density at two sites and reduced bearing-year flowering-tuft density at two sites, indicating that hair fescue suppression with this herbicide combination extends into the bearing year. Although less effective than the industry standard pronamide applications, terbacil + glufosinate or terbacil + glufosinate fb foramsulfuron could be used as part of a weed management program for hair fescue in lowbush blueberry.
The Major Role of Air‐Sea Heat Fluxes in Driving Interannual Variations of Gulf Stream Transport
Authors: Jacobs Z. L. , Grist J. P. , Marsh R. , Sinha B. , Josey S. A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Gulf Stream (GS) is central to the global redistribution of heat due to the transport of large volumes of warm water from the tropics to high latitudes and the extreme ocean heat loss to the atmosphere. This study assesses the extent to which winter surface heat fluxes and wind stress curl can drive interannual variations of the full‐depth GS transport. Intensification of the GS has been observed (e.g., April 1977) immediately after a winter of frequent cold air outbreaks that led to a deepening of the mixed layer and subsequent steepening of meridional temperature gradients to the south of the GS. This forcing process is further investigated here using the ORCA12 hindcast (1978–2010) from the global, eddy‐resolving, ocean‐only Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean model in order to understand GS forcing mechanisms. Lagrangian analysis is also undertaken to examine the impact on the southern recirculation gyre. Results show that surface heat fluxes and wind stress curl can act in concert to effect year‐to‐year changes of up to 38% of the spring GS transport at 70°W. However, anomalous heat losses (∼200 Wm‐2) over the western Subtropical Gyre are found to be the dominant cause of peaks in GS transport via two mechanisms: (1) a strengthening of cross‐stream density gradients on the northern flank of the GS from an intense cooling (up to 4°C) in the Slope Water and (2) a westward intensification of the southern recirculation, which can also limit the formation of deeper mixed layers to the south of the GS near 70°W.
An Adjoint‐Free Alternating Direction Method for Four‐Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation With Multiple Parameter Tikhonov Regularization
Authors: Tian Xiangjun , Han Rui , Zhang Hongqin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTikhonov regularization is critical for accurately specifying both the background (B) and observational (R) error covariances in four‐dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVar). The ratio of the background and observation error variances (referred to as the B‐R ratio) is the key to ensuring that 4DVar maximizes the information extracted from the observations. However, it is difficult to specify the regularization parameters in a high‐dimensional variational data assimilation (VDA) system for both the single‐ and multiple‐parameter regularization schemes. In this study, we used a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE)‐based inflation scheme that originated from the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) community and proposed an alternating direction method (ADM) to minimize the 4DVar cost function with the iterative application of multiple regularization parameters to simultaneously optimize the regularization parameters and model states under the framework of the nonlinear least‐squares 4‐D ensemble variational data assimilation method (NLS‐4DVar). The big‐data‐driven version of NLS‐4DVar (BD‐NLS4DVar) with multiple‐parameter Tikhonov regularization was able to adjust the B‐R ratios more accurately. Several groups of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) based on 2‐D shallow‐water equations demonstrated that BD‐NLS4DVar with multiple‐parameter Tikhonov regularization produced a substantial performance improvement over the standard BD‐NLS4DVar method with no regularization.
Do Surface Temperature Indices Reflect Centennial‐Timescale Trends in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Strength?
Authors: Little Christopher M. , Zhao Mengnan , Buckley Martha W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe difference between North Atlantic subpolar gyre sea surface temperatures (SPG SSTs) and hemispheric‐ or global‐scale surface temperatures has been utilized as an index of centennial‐timescale changes in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) strength. Here, using Community Earth System Model ensembles, we show that surface temperature‐based indices (STIs) proposed to date largely reflect global‐scale temperature trends and thus do not reflect dynamical relationships with AMOC. More broadly, we find that relationships between STIs, SPG SSTs, and AMOC strength differ greatly in significance and magnitude over different time periods because they are dependent upon the nature of external forcing. In the twentieth century, characterized by offsetting greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing, the relationship between SSTs and AMOC strength varies widely and changes sign across a 20‐member ensemble. We conclude that STIs and SPG SSTs are poor predictors of centennial‐timescale AMOC strength variations.
A New b Value Estimation Method in Rock Acoustic Emission Testing
Authors: Liu Xiling , Han Mengsi , He Wei , Li Xibing , Chen Daolong 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Gutenberg‐Richter (G‐R) relationship has been regarded as the fundamental description of the size distribution from large‐scale‐earthquake to small‐scale‐laboratory rock ruptures. However, because deviation from the G‐R relationship has often been reported, especially when the amplitude distribution is used for b value estimation in rock acoustic emission testing, the effect of attenuation should be considered. Here, we perform a detailed analysis on the deviation of the size distribution from a G‐R law and discuss modification of the attenuation on the doubly truncated size distribution from a more general perspective. We find that the attenuation will not modify the size distribution, and the b value is theoretically verified to be unchanged within an interval specified by the minimum and maximum amount of attenuation. Based on these discussions, we propose a new b value estimation procedure for rock acoustic emission testing and apply it to a dilation rupturing test; the results confirm that b value depends on material heterogeneity and stress.