bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A priori intuition and transcendental necessity in Kant's idealism
Authors: Kohl Markus 
Published: October 2020

AbstractI examine how Kant argues for the transcendental ideality of space. I defend a reading on which Kant accepts the ideality of space because it explains our (actual) knowledge that mathematical judgments are necessarily true. I argue that this reading is preferable over the alternative suggestion that Kant can infer the ideality of space directly from the fact that we have an a priori intuition of space. Moreover, I argue that the reading I propose does not commit Kant to incoherent modal views. If we carefully distinguish between different senses of modality, the fact that our spatial form of intuition is (in some sense) contingent does not undermine the claim that this form can explain how our mathematical judgments are (in some sense) necessary.
Trade‐off drives Pareto optimality of within‐ and among‐year emergence timing in response to increasing aridity
Authors: Waterton Joseph , Mazer Susan J. , Meyer Justin R. , Cleland Elsa E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAdaptation to current and future climates can be constrained by trade‐offs between fitness‐related traits. Early seedling emergence often enhances plant fitness in seasonal environments, but if earlier emergence in response to seasonal cues is genetically correlated with lower potential to spread emergence among years (i.e., bet‐hedging), then this functional trade‐off could constrain adaptive evolution. Consequently, selection favoring both earlier within‐year emergence and greater spread of emergence among years—as is expected in more arid environments—may constrain adaptive responses to trait value combinations at which a performance gain in either function (i.e., evolving earlier within‐ or greater among‐year emergence) generates a performance loss in the other. All such trait value combinations that cannot be improved for both functions simultaneously are described as Pareto optimal and together constitute the Pareto front. To investigate how this potential emergence timing trade‐off might constrain adaptation to increasing aridity, we sourced seeds of two grasses, Stipa pulchra and Bromus diandrus, from multiple maternal lines within populations across an aridity gradient in California and examined their performance in a greenhouse experiment. We monitored emergence and assayed ungerminated seeds for viability to determine seed persistence, a metric of potential among‐year emergence spread. In both species, maternal lines with larger fractions of persistent seeds emerged later, indicating a trade‐off between within‐year emergence speed and potential among‐year emergence spread. In both species, populations on the Pareto front for both earlier emergence and larger seed persistence fraction occupied significantly more arid sites than populations off the Pareto front, consistent with the hypothesis that more arid sites impose the strongest selection for earlier within‐year emergence and greater among‐year emergence spread. Our results provide an example of how evaluating genetically based correlations within populations and applying Pareto optimality among populations can be used to detect evolutionary constraints and adaptation across environmental gradients.
Mothers’ Self‐focused Reflective Functioning Interacts with Childhood Experiences of Rejection to Predict Current Romantic Relationship Quality and Parenting Behavior
Authors: Borelli Jessica L. , Ensink Karin , Gillespie Marie L. , Falasiri Ehsan , Bernazzani Odette , Fonagy Peter , Berthelot Nicolas 
Published: October 2020

ResumenLos padres expuestos al rechazo en su infancia podrían tener problemas de vinculación en sus relaciones actuales. El funcionamiento reflexivo (FR), la capacidad de comprender la conducta propia y de los demás mediante la perspectiva de los estados mentales subyacentes (cogniciones, emociones) se ha identificado como posible proceso de protección. El objetivo de este estudio longitudinal fue analizar si el FR modera el efecto de las experiencias de rechazo de los padres durante la infancia en el funcionamiento posterior de las relaciones con las parejas y los bebés. Se incluyó a mujeres embarazadas con experiencias de abuso y abandono, quienes completaron la Entrevista de Apego en los Adultos (Adult Attachment Interview), la cual se codificó para el FR y las experiencias de rechazo en la infancia. Durante dos evaluaciones de seguimiento, cuando sus bebés tenían cinco meses y diecisiete meses, las madres de nuestra muestra que tenían pareja informaron sobre la cohesión diádica con estas parejas. Además, a los cinco meses después del parto, las madres completaron tareas de interacción con sus bebés, que después se evaluaron usando instrumentos de evaluación observacionales (p. ej., CARE‐Index). Los resultados de las madres con las parejas (N = 93) indicaron que el FR moderó la relación entre la cohesión diádica con las parejas a los 17 meses solamente. Además, los resultados con todas las madres de la muestra (N = 108) indicaron que el FR moderó la relación entre las experiencias de rechazo informadas retrospectivamente y las conductas dominantes e indiferentes con los bebés. El FR entre adecuado y alto se asoció con una indiferencia más baja y una satisfacción con la relación más alta en el contexto del rechazo, y a su vez se lo asoció con niveles más altos de control. Estos resultados tienen consecuencias clínicas importantes, ya que el FR es susceptible de cambios y puede, por ende, implementarse de manera más prominente dentro de diferentes intervenciones.
Adequacy of hemodialysis in acute kidney injury: Real‐time monitoring of dialysate ultraviolet absorbance vs. blood‐based Kt/Vurea
Authors: Vasquez‐Rios George , Zhang Frank , Scott Mitchell G. , Vijayan Anitha 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCurrent guidelines recommend monitoring the adequacy of hemodialysis (HD) treatments in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). Blood‐based methods for calculating urea such as reduction ratio (URR) and single‐pool Kt/Vurea (spKt/Vurea) require pre‐ and post‐HD blood urea nitrogen (BUN) measurements. This study aims to compare real‐time monitoring of urea clearance using dialysate ultraviolet absorbance (UV) with laboratory‐measured spKt/Vurea.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center, retrospective study among hospitalized patients with AKI, who required intermittent hemodialysis (IHD). Those patients whose dialysis dose was simultaneously monitored by spKt/Vurea and UV‐absorbance (UV‐spKt/Vurea) were included in the study. The statistical correlation between both methods was assessed by means of the Pearson moment product correlation, Mann–Whitney U‐test and Bland–Altman analysis of agreement.ResultsThirty patients with AKI were evaluated. There was no statistical difference between the mean spKt/Vurea calculated by traditional methods and the mean UV‐spKt/Vurea. (1.37 ± 0.37 vs. 1.28 ± 0.36, P = 0.12, CI: 95%). A Pearson moment correlation analysis revealed a close agreement between both methods (r = 0.79, P < 0.001). Furthermore, Bland–Altman analysis showed that >95% of the data points were confined within the upper and lower levels of agreement.ConclusionIn this pilot study of patients with AKI, UV‐spKt/Vurea correlated with standard blood‐based spKt/Vurea and may be a useful tool to monitor dialysis adequacy. Larger studies evaluating multiple UV and blood‐based measurements per patient and a more diverse AKI population are needed to confirm this initial observation.
Important components for Dutch in‐home care based on qualitative interviews with persons with dementia and informal caregivers
Authors: Vullings Isabelle , Labrie Nanon , Wammes Joost D. , de Bekker‐Grob Esther W. , MacNeil‐Vroomen Janet 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundDementia care in the Netherlands is increasingly dependent on informal care and has the aim to keep persons with dementia at home for as long as possible. However, little is known about the preferences and needs of people with dementia living at home. Including people with dementia and their informal caregivers in research and policy creation could help to identify necessary forms of support, and tailor care to their personal preferences and needs.ObjectiveTo identify important components of in‐home care for persons with dementia and their informal caregivers in the Netherlands.DesignSemi‐structured interviews across the Netherlands, between March and June 2019 using thematic analysis.Setting and participantsPersons with dementia (n = 5) and informal caregivers (n = 14) were primarily recruited through dementia care organizations. Additionally, a case manager was recruited to reflect upon the semi‐structured interviews findings.ResultsFive themes concerning important care components were identified including the need for: a social network, formal care, information, emotional support and easier access to care. The complexity of the dementia care system posed a common difficulty for persons with dementia and informal caregivers.ConclusionThis study suggests that a dementia care package should be developed that includes both informal and formal care, the provision of information and emotional support, and help with access to care. The creation of this care package could help to tailor dementia care to the preferences and needs of the persons with dementia and their informal caregivers.
Effect of RvD1/FPR2 on inflammatory response in chorioamnionitis
Authors: Li Anna , Zhang Lin , Li Junxia , Fang Zhenya , Li Shuxian , Peng Yanjie , Zhang Meihua , Wang Xietong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChorioamnionitis (CAM), as a common intrauterine infectious disease, is the leading cause of premature birth, stillbirth, neonatal infection and sepsis. The formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) is a member of GPCRs widely distributed in a variety of tissues and is associated with many inflammatory diseases. With the discovery of FPR2 in human placenta, the possibility of exploring the function of FPR2 in obstetrics is evolving. The Resolvin D1 (RvD1) plays an important role in the resolution of inflammation by combining with FPR2. In this study, we evaluated the role of FPR2 and RvD1 in CAM, not only in the human placenta but also in mouse models. The expression of FPR2 increased in the placenta of CAM patients and the downstream PPARγ/NF‐κB signalling changed accordingly. Moreover, Fpr2−/− mice were highly susceptible to LPS, displaying a worse CAM symptom, compared with WT mice. By establishing a model of trophoblast inflammation in vitro, it was confirmed that RvD1 rescued the effect of LPS on inflammation by combining with FPR2 and its downstream PPARγ/NF‐κB pathway. Otherwise, RvD1 improved the preterm labour in a mouse model of CAM induced by LPS. Altogether, these findings show that RvD1 alleviated the inflammation of trophoblast in vivo and in vitro through FPR2/PPARγ/NF‐κB pathway, suggesting RvD1/FPR2 might be a novel therapeutic strategy to alleviate CAM.
Effectiveness of growth factor‐induced therapy for skin rejuvenation: A case series
Authors: Samizadeh Souphiyeh , Belhaouari Lakhdar 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundMicroneedling in combination with the use of growth factors can help with a range of indications, including skin rejuvenation. There is an increase in request for safe minimally invasive procedures with no‐to‐minimal downtime. This procedure offers regeneration and is becoming popular as part of the regenerative, minimally invasive era.AimsTo examine the efficacy of a course of two sessions of growth factor‐induced therapy using propriety preparation of AQ recovery serum.MethodsThirty women with various ethnic backgrounds (Chinese, Caucasian and Latino) with an average age of 38 years old participated and mild‐moderate visual facial aging signs Two sessions with 2‐week intervals were completed using a derma stamp (transdermal drug delivery method) and 2 mL of growth factor serum (AQ Skin Solution recovery serum‐contain a mixture of contains a mix of transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β), granulocyte monocyte‐colony‐stimulating factor, and platelets‐derived growth factor with patented technology for extraction and composition at each session. The procedures were carried out for anti‐aging and skin rejuvenation. Clinical assessment, VISIA photography, independent assessment of before and after photographs baseline and six weeks by two clinicians and two laypersons were carried out. The participants used FACE‐Q questionnaire (outcome satisfaction) and scored changes in terms of their skin texture, radiance, pore size, wrinkles, pigmentation, tightness and overall skin appearance.ResultsPhysician's global assessment revealed growth factor‐induced therapy resulted in skin rejuvenation in all races with 95% confidence, and this increased to 98% confidence for Latinos and Caucasians within the six weeks. Participants’ subjective rating revealed improvement of overall skin appearance with 95% confidence. Most noted improvements were in brightness, skin texture, and tightness.ConclusionThis study revealed improvement in overall skin appearance, brightness, skin texture, and tightness. The treatment is non‐invasive, safe, with no or minimal downtime and resulted in high participant satisfaction.
Predicting miRNA‐lncRNA‐mRNA network in ultraviolet A‐induced human skin photoaging
Authors: Lin Yao , Lin Mengbi , Liu Yufang , Zhang Jie , Lai Wei , Xu Qingfang , Zheng Yue 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveRecent researches had reported that microRNAs (miRNAs) played a role in skin photoaging. Our previous study found that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression was changed in the UVA‐irradiated skin fibroblasts, but the regulating network of noncoding RNA in UV‐induced skin changes has not been elucidated well. Here, we investigated the interactions of miRNA‐lncRNA‐mRNAs in skin photoaging mechanisms.MethodsHuman dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were irradiated with UVA at 10 J/cm2 once a day lasting for 14 days. miRNA expression profiles were detected by high‐throughput sequencing. miRNAs changed significantly were identified by qRT‐PCR. Functional annotation analysis and pathway enrichment were carried out using Gene Ontology and KEGG, and predicted miRNA‐lncRNA‐mRNA interactions were performed via bioinformatic analysis.Results34 differentially expressed miRNAs (>1.5‐fold changes, P < .05) after UVA irradiation were identified to interact with distinct lncRNAs. miRNA‐lncRNA‐mRNA network prediction and regulatory role analysis showed that the gene expression of cellular process, cell part, and binding was mainly coordinated in UVA‐irradiated fibroblasts. miRNA‐lncRNA‐mRNA‐signal transduction pathway analysis showed that TNF signaling pathway, thyroid hormone signaling pathway, and lysosome were mainly affected after UVA irradiation.ConclusionmiRNA‐lncRNA‐mRNA network played a critical part in skin photoaging. Our research provided novel insights into the repeated UVA‐induced skin damage in noncoding RNA regulatory field and might help to further understand the delicate interplay of gene regulation at the noncoding RNA level in photoaged skin and UV‐induced skin cancers in future researching and provide novel insights into the repeated UVA‐damaging pathology and potential targets for preventing human skin photoaging.
Animal, feed and rumen fermentation attributes associated with methane emissions from sheep fed brassica crops
Authors: He Yuhua , Sun Xuezhao , You Peihua 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMethane emissions from ruminants enhance global warming and lead to a loss of feed energy. The emissions are low when fed brassica crops, but the factors contributing to low emissions are unknown. A meta‐analysis was conducted with individual animal data collected from seven experiments. In these experiments, methane emissions were measured using respiration chambers. Animal characteristics, feed chemical composition and rumen fermentation parameters were included for the analysis using multiple regression models. Feed intake level, animal live weight and age were animal factors that were weakly and negatively related to methane yield (g/dry matter intake). The duration in which sheep were fed brassica crops was a significant contributor in the model, suggesting that the effect on emissions diminishes with time. Among a range of feed chemical composition characters, acid detergent fibre and hot‐water‐soluble carbohydrate contributed significantly to the model, suggesting that both structural and soluble carbohydrates affect methane formation in the rumen. There was no significant correlation between the concentration of sulphate in brassicas and emissions, but nitrate was moderately and negatively correlated with methane yield (r = −.53). Short‐chain fatty acid profiles in the rumen of animals fed brassicas were different from those fed pasture, but these parameters only moderately correlated to methane emissions (r = .42). Feeding forage rape resulted in low rumen pH. The pH before morning feeding was strongly correlated to methane yield (r = .90). Rumen pH, together with microbial communities mediated by pH, might lead to low emissions. Bacteria known to produce hydrogen were relatively less abundant in the rumen contents of brassica‐fed animals than pasture‐fed animals. In conclusion, animal and feed factors, rumen fermentation and microbial communities all affect methane emissions to some extent. The interactions of these factors with each other thus contribute to methane emissions from brassica‐fed sheep.
Public health service increased risk donor kidney grafts for transplant into children, a survey of pediatric nephrologists
Authors: Anderson Blaire , Jezewski Emily , Sela Nathalie , Westphal Scott , Hoffman Arika 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundKidney transplant is the best treatment for end‐stage renal disease (ESRD); however, access is limited by severe organ shortage. Public Health Service increased risk donors (PHS‐IRD) represent a significant portion of available organs which are discarded at disproportional rates.MethodsPediatric nephrologists were surveyed regarding PHS‐IRD kidneys to understand attitudes and perceived barriers to the use of these grafts in children. We sought to elucidate what methods may help increase the likelihood of PHS‐IRD acceptance.ResultsTwenty‐two responses were received from United States pediatric nephrologists representing 11 UNOS regions (response rate 5.9%). Of respondents, 50% had been practicing for 20+ years, 77% in academic hospitals, and 63% in cities with over 1 000 000 people. All respondents worked in an institution with a kidney transplant program. 41% reported that they would not accept PHS‐IRD kidneys under any circumstance, 45% would accept depending on the candidate's medical status, and 14% routinely accepted PHS‐IRD kidneys. Infectious transmission was the biggest disincentive reported (59%), with only 55% of respondents feeling comfortable counseling families on the associated risks. 82% of respondents did not perceive all PHS‐IRD as the same, and 90% supported stratifying PHS‐IRD into tiers based on risk, which would increase the likelihood of organ acceptance (82%) and assist in counseling families (91%).ConclusionsWith improved utilization, PHS‐IRD kidneys offer a step toward decreasing the organ shortage. These findings suggest hesitance in use of PHS‐IRD kidneys for pediatric recipients. Further stratification of risk could aid in provider organ acceptance and counseling patients.
Epidermal carotenoid levels in vivo of patients with plaque psoriasis: Effects of narrow‐band UVB phototherapy
Authors: Darlenski Razvigor , Deliyska Radostina , Al‐Sadek Lina Tabet , Hristakieva Evgeniya , Fluhr Joachim W. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by hindered antioxidant defense and increased formation of free radicals. There are limited data on the skin carotenoids in psoriatic skin as well as their modulation during narrow‐band UVB (NB‐UVB) phototherapy of the disease.AimThe aim of this prospective study is to reveal the skin carotenoids levels during NB‐UVB phototherapy of psoriasis in humans.Material and methodsTwenty Caucasian subjects with mild‐to‐moderate plaque psoriasis (15m; 5f) were enrolled in the study, and nine gender‐ and age‐matched healthy volunteers were recruited for controls of oxidative stress measurements. All psoriasis patients underwent 10 sessions of NB‐UVB phototherapy. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 10 sessions of NB‐UVB phototherapy. The assessment of carotenoid levels in the skin in vivo was performed by a non‐invasive, reflectance spectroscopy‐based device. Psoriasis severity was assessed by psoriasis area and severity index (PASI). The dermatology life quality index (DLQI) was evaluated in psoriatic patients.ResultsBaseline carotenoid levels were significantly lower in psoriasis patients in comparison to healthy controls. NB‐UVB phototherapy insignificantly diminished carotenoid levels in the skin of psoriasis patients, while clinical improvement both in PASI score and DLQI was observed.ConclusionWe showed the levels of skin carotenoids in psoriatic patients are lower than in healthy subjects. NB‐UVB did not change significantly skin carotenoid levels. Further studies should elucidate the potential effect of antioxidants supplementation during NB‐UVB of psoriasis.
Carbon emission flux and storage in the degraded peatlands of the Zoige alpine area in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhou Wenchang , Cui Lijuan , Wang Yifei , Li Wei , Kang Xiaoming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Zoige alpine peatlands cover approximately 4,605 km2 of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and are considered to constitute the largest plateau peatland on the Eurasian continent. However, the Zoige alpine peatlands are undergoing major degradation because of human activities and climate change, which would cause uncertainty in the budget of greenhouse gases (CH4 and CO2) and carbon (C) storage in global peatlands. This study simultaneously investigates the CH4 and CO2 emission fluxes and C storage at three typical sites with respect to the peatland degradation gradient: peatland, wet meadow and dry meadow. Results show that peatland degradation would increase the CO2 emission and decrease the CH4 emission. Moreover, the average C emission fluxes were 66.05, 165.78 and 326.56 mg C m−2 hr−1 for the peatland, wet meadow and dry meadow, respectively. The C storage of the vegetation does not considerably differ among the three sampling sites. However, when compared with the peatland (1,088.17 t C ha−1), the soil organic C storage decreases by 420 and 570 t C ha−1 in case of wet and dry meadows, respectively. Although the C storage in the degraded peatlands decreases considerably, it can still represent a large capacity of C sink. Therefore, the degraded peatlands in the Zoige alpine area must be protected and restored to mitigate regional climate change.