bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of symptom‐tracking apps on symptom reporting
Authors: MacKrill Kate , Groom Katie M. , Petrie Keith J. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThe use of health apps is increasing worldwide, with a common feature being daily symptom tracking. However, symptom tracking has been shown to increase symptom reporting. This study investigated whether using a menstrual‐monitoring app with a symptom‐tracking feature increases symptom reporting compared to an app without this feature or no app at all.DesignExperimental study.MethodsNinety‐one participants were randomly allocated to use either a menstrual‐monitoring app with a symptom tracker or a simple calendar app, or to a no app control group. The number of period‐related symptoms as well as general symptom reporting was assessed at baseline prior to group allocation and then 1 and 4 months later. The change in the proportion of people classified as high symptom reporters was also examined.ResultsWe found that the symptom‐tracking app group reported significantly more period‐related symptoms at 4 months than the calendar app group (mean difference = 1.16 symptoms, p = .010). At the 4‐month time point, significantly more participants in the symptom‐tracking group were now classified as high period symptom reporters (baseline 50%, 4 months 70%, p = .031), while the other two groups did not change from baseline. There were no differences in general symptom reporting across the three groups.ConclusionA period‐monitoring app with a symptom tracker may increase the reporting of period symptoms. This effect does not appear to generalize to broader symptom reporting. Further research is needed to support these findings and to examine the impact of symptom‐tracking apps on daily functioning and health anxiety.
Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?

The experience of transient symptoms is common in day‐to‐day life. These symptoms often do not have an underlying cause or are a sign of illness.
Actively tracking symptoms has been shown to result in greater symptom reporting, symptom severity, and slower recovery from injury.
The use of health apps is increasing, with a common feature being symptom tracking. Menstrual‐monitoring apps, in particular, frequently require users to track symptoms.
What does this study add?

Using a menstrual‐monitoring app with a symptom tracker for 4 months increases the number of period‐specific symptoms reported compared a basic calendar app.
A greater proportion of people were now classified as high period symptom reporters after using the symptom‐tracking app.
These effects do not seem to generalize to broader non‐specific symptom reporting.
DSGE modelling for the UK economy 1974–2017
Authors: Litsios Ioannis , Pilbeam Keith , Asteriou Dimitrios 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe build four different dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models for a small open economy reflecting both neoclassical and Keynesian specifications. A DSGE model with full price and wage flexibility is initially constructed and then modified through nominal wage and price rigidities. The ability of the models to replicate important features of the business cycle activity in the UK is explored through statistical and econometric analysis. Evidence suggests that a monetary shock under the Taylor model with price stickiness can replicate a significant portion of the business cycle activity in the UK economy.
Medial Axis Isoperimetric Profiles
Authors: Zhang P. , DeFord D. , Solomon J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecently proposed as a stable means of evaluating geometric compactness, the isoperimetric profile of a planar domain measures the minimum perimeter needed to inscribe a shape with prescribed area varying from 0 to the area of the domain. While this profile has proven valuable for evaluating properties of geographic partitions, existing algorithms for its computation rely on aggressive approximations and are still computationally expensive. In this paper, we propose a practical means of approximating the isoperimetric profile and show that for domains satisfying a “thick neck” condition, our approximation is exact. For more general domains, we show that our bound is still exact within a conservative regime and is otherwise an upper bound. Our method is based on a traversal of the medial axis which produces efficient and robust results. We compare our technique with the state‐of‐the‐art approximation to the isoperimetric profile on a variety of domains and show significantly tighter bounds than were previously achievable.
A Laplacian for Nonmanifold Triangle Meshes
Authors: Sharp Nicholas , Crane Keenan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe describe a discrete Laplacian suitable for any triangle mesh, including those that are nonmanifold or nonorientable (with or without boundary). Our Laplacian is a robust drop‐in replacement for the usual cotan matrix, and is guaranteed to have nonnegative edge weights on both interior and boundary edges, even for extremely poor‐quality meshes. The key idea is to build what we call a “tufted cover” over the input domain, which has nonmanifold vertices but manifold edges. Since all edges are manifold, we can flip to an intrinsic Delaunay triangulation; our Laplacian is then the cotan Laplacian of this new triangulation. This construction also provides a high‐quality point cloud Laplacian, via a nonmanifold triangulation of the point set. We validate our Laplacian on a variety of challenging examples (including all models from Thingi10k), and a variety of standard tasks including geodesic distance computation, surface deformation, parameterization, and computing minimal surfaces.
A parametric analysis of discrete Hamiltonian functional maps
Authors: Postolache E. , Fumero M. , Cosmo L. , Rodolà E. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper we develop an in‐depth theoretical investigation of the discrete Hamiltonian eigenbasis, which remains quite unexplored in the geometry processing community. This choice is supported by the fact that Dirichlet eigenfunctions can be equivalently computed by defining a Hamiltonian operator, whose potential energy and localization region can be controlled with ease. We vary with continuity the potential energy and study the relationship between the Dirichlet Laplacian and the Hamiltonian eigenbases with the functional map formalism. We develop a global analysis to capture the asymptotic behavior of the eigenpairs. We then focus on their local interactions, namely the veering patterns that arise between proximal eigenvalues. Armed with this knowledge, we are able to track the eigenfunctions in all possible configurations, shedding light on the nature of the functional maps. We exploit the Hamiltonian‐Dirichlet connection in a partial shape matching problem, obtaining state of the art results, and provide directions where our theoretical findings could be applied in future research.
Development of intuitionistic fuzzy special embedded convolutional neural network for mammography enhancement
Authors: Kr Ghosh Swarup , Biswas Biswajit , Ghosh Anupam 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis article proposes a novel mammogram enhancement approach using adaptive intuitionistic fuzzy special set (IFSS) with deep convolutional neural network (called MECNNIFS) for visual interpretation of mammography lesions, lumps, and abnormal cells in low‐dose X‐ray images. The proposed MECNNIFS scheme utilizes the membership grade modification by IFSS on low‐dose X‐ray images (mammography). The suggested model attempts to increase the underexposed and abnormal structural regions such as breast lesions, lumps, and nodules on the mammogram. The proposed algorithm initially separates mammograms using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) into foreground and background areas and then fuzzifies the image by intuitionistic fuzzy set theory. Low‐level features of a mammogram of the adjacent part are integrated with CNN in pixel classification during the separation task stage to improve the performance. Hyperbolic regularization and hesitant score have been applied on fuzzy plane to quantify the uncertainty and fuzziness in spatial domain for the proposed contrast enhancement. Finally, an enhanced mammogram is acquired through the process of defuzzification. The results show better quality and performance for improvement of contrast and visual quality in mammograms compared with other state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Human bocavirus and metapneumovirus in acute wheezing in children—Is there a link with atopy?
Authors: Sobkowiak Paulina , Mikoś Marcin , Bręborowicz Anna , Szczepankiewicz Aleksandra 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionViral respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of acute wheezing in children with a significant risk of hospital admission, risk of recurrence and subsequent asthma. Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (RV) in childhood wheezing are widely studied; however, accessible PCR assays enabled diagnosis of other pathogens, including bocavirus (hBOV) and metapneumovirus (hMPV).ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of respiratory viruses in children hospitalized for acute wheezing along with demographic and clinical data.MethodsWe enrolled 101 children, n = 50 (49.5%) with wheezy bronchitis, n = 34 (33.7%) with acute bronchiolitis and n = 17 (16.8%) with exacerbation of asthma; (median age 1.41 ± 2.84 years). Multiplex real‐time PCR assay was used for virus detection.ResultsOne or more viruses were detected in 83.2% subjects: RSV in 44.6%, followed by RV (23.8%), hBOV and hMPV (both 11.9%); other viruses were less frequent (<8%). Viral coinfection was found in 38 (37.6%) of children. ANCOVA analysis revealed significantly higher total IgE concentrations in the hMPV‐positive subgroup compared to RSV (34 kU/L vs 12.7 kU/L; P = .009) and RV (13.3 kU/L, P = .022). For both hMPV and hBOV an association with atopic dermatitis (AD) was observed: aOR for hMPV and AD was 5.6 (95%CI: 1.4‐22.7; P = .016) and 4.7 for hBOV and AD (95%CI: 1.3‐18; P = .024).ConclusionViral detection ratio in wheezy respiratory tract infections in Polish children is high (83.2%), with both hBOV and hMPV at 11.9% The results also suggest possible relationship of hBOV wheezy infection with nonspecific markers of atopy in children.
942. CYMBIDIUM DAYANUM VAR. ANGUSTIFOLIUM
Authors: Cribb Phillip , Schuitemann André 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThe widespread and variable Cymbidium dayanum Rchb. f. is discussed. A variety from Mount Kinabalu, var. angustifolium is illustrated, and the new combination is made, based on C. angustifolium Ames & C. Schweinf.
946. VERONICA PEDUNCULARIS
Authors: Hind Nicholas , King Christabel 
Published: August 2020

SummaryVeronica peduncularisM. Bieb. (Plantaginaceae: Veroniceae) is illustrated and described. A short discussion is provided as to the family affiliations ofVeronica, with the proposal that, at least in this article, it is considered to belong to the Plantaginaceae. The infrageneric placement of this taxon is also discussed, but with a commentary suggesting dubious results in an earlier molecular study; its placement inVeronicaL. subgenusPentasepalae(Benth.) M.M.Mart. Ort. & Albach & M.A. Fisch. is commented upon. The species belongs inVeronicasubsectionPetraeaBenth. A full synonymy is provided, together with citation of types, and relevant discussion and notes cover the issues with naming this plant and location of type material. Cultivation and propagation guidelines for the species are provided and current availability of cultivars is outlined.
Facebook Hospital Reviews: Automated Service Quality Detection and Relationships with Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Zaman Nohel , Goldberg David M. , Abrahams Alan S. , Essig Richard A. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTAs patient satisfaction is heavily linked to their choice of provider and medical outcomes, hospital administrations routinely consider a bevy of factors to improve patient satisfaction. These considerations are complex, so targeting the most important areas for improvement is challenging. However, consumers’ online reviews of their hospital experience provide a vital lens into the factors associated with their satisfaction. In this study, we use a large dataset of Facebook reviews to construct a taxonomy of potential service attributes that consumers discuss online. We find partial overlap between this taxonomy and prior works and more traditional survey measures; the specific mix of service attributes found in these reviews is unique. Next, we utilize regression modeling to determine which service attributes are most closely associated with star ratings, which we use to measure overall satisfaction. This study demonstrates that mentions of waiting times, treatment effectiveness, communication, diagnostic quality, environmental sanitation, and cost considerations tend to be most associated with patients’ overall ratings. Finally, we construct text analyses to rapidly detect consumers’ mentions of these service attributes in an automated manner. We derive a set of “smoke terms,” or terms especially prevalent in posts that mention specific service attributes. We find that these are generally non‐emotive terms, indicating limited utility of traditional sentiment analysis. Managerially, this information helps to prioritize the areas in greatest need of improvement. Additionally, generating smoke terms for each service attribute aids health care policy makers and providers in rapidly monitoring concerns and adjusting policies or resources to improve service.
The utility of bedside echocardiography in critically ill COVID‐19 patients: Early observational findings from three Northern New Jersey hospitals
Authors: Vasudev Rahul , Guragai Nirmal , Habib Habib , Hosein Kevin , Virk Hartaj , Goldfarb Irvin , Bikkina Mahesh , Shamoon Fayez , Pullatt Raja 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionCardiovascular complications related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have led to the need for echocardiographic services during the pandemic. The present study aimed to identify the echocardiographic findings in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients and their utility in disease management.MethodsWe included patients who were diagnosed with COVID‐19 using polymerase chain reaction and those who underwent echocardiographic examination during their hospitalization.ResultsAltogether, 45 patients were evaluated. The mean age was 61.4 ± 12.2 years. Hypertension (n = 29, 64%) and diabetes mellitus (n = 25, 55%) were the most common comorbidities followed by congestive heart failure (n = 11, 24%), coronary artery disease (n = 9, 20%), and valvular heart disease (n = 3, 7%). Eight patients (18%) showed evidence of myocardial injury, as suggested by elevated troponin levels. Brain natriuretic peptide was elevated in 14 patients (36%), and 14 patients had left ventricular dysfunction in the form of reduced ejection fraction (31%). Right ventricular (RV) dilatation was observed in six patients, and five patients had reduced RV ejection fraction. RV pressure and volume overload were observed in three patients. RV thrombus was observed in one patient. Pulmonary pressure was elevated in 10 patients (24%).ConclusionTwo‐dimensional echocardiography can be an important bedside tool for the assessment of cardiovascular abnormalities and hemodynamic status of COVID‐19 patients.
Evaluation of technology‐based learning by dental students during the pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Al‐Taweel Firas B. , Abdulkareem Ali A. , Gul Sarhang S. , Alshami Muhanad L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroductionAlthough technology‐based learning (TB learning) has been accepted as an efficient educational tool in the field of dentistry, the evaluation of TB learning in non‐prepared situations such as pandemics has not been fully investigated. This study aimed to evaluate different aspects of TB learning amongst undergraduate dental students during the pandemic outbreak of COVID‐19.Materials and MethodsDental students in selected Iraqi universities (University of Baghdad, University of Sulaimani and Dijlah University College) were invited to join the study. A questionnaire was created using a Google platform and answered by students. Satisfaction and attitude towards TB learning plus total evaluation scores for lecturers were examined.ResultsA total of 832 out of 1800 dental students participated in the study. The majority of participants have basic (40.7%) and intermediate (47.5%) computer skills, and more than half of them lack any experience in TB learning. The overall satisfaction and positive attitude towards TB learning were less than 50%. Students at final grade, with advanced computer skills and TB learning experience, showed higher satisfaction (OR: 3.031, 2.876, 3.644, respectively) and a more positive attitude (OR: 3.172, 3.035, 3.477, respectively) towards TB learning than those at earlier grades. Total evaluation scores for lecturers were higher amongst females (11.5 ± 5.8) than males (9.9 ± 7.2) as well as amongst participants at final grade (14.0 ± 6.2), with advanced computer skills (13.8 ± 6.1) and TB learning experience (16.2 ± 6.0).ConclusionsDental students demonstrated low‐moderate satisfaction and positive attitude towards TB learning and the quality of material presented to them. Integrating TB learning into the dental education curriculum is an essential step in enhancing the acceptance of TB learning in the future.
Visual interpretation of regression error
Authors: Areosa Inês , Torgo Luís 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSeveral sophisticated machine learning tools (e.g., ensembles or deep networks) have shown outstanding performance in different regression forecasting tasks. In many real world application domains the numeric predictions of the models drive important and costly decisions. Nevertheless, decision makers frequently require more than a black box model to be able to “trust” the predictions up to the point that they base their decisions on them. In this context, understanding these black boxes has become one of the hot topics in Machine Learning research. This paper proposes a series of visualization tools that explain the relationship between the expected predictive performance of black box regression models and the values of the input variables of any given test case. This type of information thus allows end‐users to correctly assess the risks associated with the use of a model, by showing how concrete values of the predictors may affect the performance of the model. Our illustrations with different real world data sets and learning algorithms provide insights on the type of usage and information these tools bring to both the data analyst and the end‐user. Furthermore, a thorough evaluation of the proposed tools is performed to showcase the reliability of this approach.
Boundary spanners and calculative practices
Authors: Guven‐Uslu Pinar , Blaber Zlatinka , Adhikari Pawan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper questions to what extent particular calculative practices used for inter‐organisational decision‐making help or hinder boundary spanners meet performativity ideals. It uses programmatic rationalities of government as a framework to study reciprocity between them and the conditions of performativity. Empirical data were collected from healthcare commissioning spaces of English National Health Service (NHS). Data triangulation was achieved through documentary analysis, data collected through interviews, and observation notes taken in local commissioning meetings and national conferences. Findings revealed an apparent lack of reciprocity between programmatic rationality and calculative practices surrounding the commissioning activities of boundary spanners. As a consequence, in local commissioning situations boundary spanners with formal roles used calculative practices differently than semi‐formal boundary spanners. Unlike their formal counterparts, who used mainly accounting information in their calculative practices, semi‐formal boundary spanners incorporated non‐accounting information and devised alternative calculative practices. In addition, while formal boundary spanners on NHS Committees used calculative practices in maintaining clear boundaries between commissioning and provider organisations, semi‐formal boundary spanners made use of the data of both parties in order to reach inter organisational decisions. The study has three main contributions. First, it differentiates boundary spanners and explains differences in their interaction with calculative practices. Second, it introduces the concept of reciprocity to inter‐organisational studies in accounting. Third, it shows how conditions of performativity reflected in micro‐settings influenced how semi‐formal boundary spanners used calculative practices (and other supplementary information) to achieve performance ideals of government programmes.
Strong but opposing effects of climatic niche breadth and dispersal ability shape bat geographical range sizes across phylogenetic scales
Authors: Varzinczak Luiz H. , Moura Mauricio O. , Passos Fernando C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimClimatic niche breadth and dispersal ability influence species distributions and are hypothesized as traits that determine variations in species range sizes. Here we test a hypothesis on the complementarity of their influences on species ranges in a phylogenetic framework and across phylogenetic scales.LocationNew World.Time periodCenozoic.Major taxaLeaf‐nosed bats, Phyllostomidae.MethodsWe estimated phyllostomid range sizes from maps of species distributions. We used information on climate found within each species’ range and a trait linked to flight performances to determine species climatic niche breadth and dispersal abilities, respectively. We used phylogenetic generalized least squares to test for the influence of climatic niche breadth and dispersal for the whole family, and phylogenetically weighted regressions to determine the influence of each variable at different phylogenetic scales, at the species level.ResultsAlthough both variables influence species ranges with a positive climatic niche breadth effect, we found an opposite and counterintuitive pattern for the effect of dispersal, as species with increased dispersal showed smaller ranges. By testing these variables effects for each species separately, our results showed an overall positive influence of climatic niche breadth, while for most species we did not observe an influence of dispersal, indicating phylogenetic non‐stationarity considering the influence of dispersal ability on range size.Main conclusionsWe provide new insights on the determinants of species ranges, especially by challenging the traditional view that increased dispersal abilities translate into larger ranges. We highlight that idiosyncrasies during the evolution of major clades can play important roles in determining the influence of different processes in shaping species distributions, reflecting phylogenetic non‐stationarity in range size dynamics. Further studies addressing these issues across phylogenetic scales will be essential in clarifying processes that underlie species ranges. As range size is correlated to extinction risk, such advances may provide crucial information on factors related to species’ vulnerabilities.