bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spring Dust Mass Flux over the Tibetan Plateau during 2007–19 and Connections with North Atlantic SST Variability
Authors: Xu Chao , Ma Yaoming , Ma Jiehua , You Chao , Wang Huijun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDust is the major aerosol type over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), and the TP plays an important role in forming the spring dust belt across the Northern Hemisphere in the upper troposphere. Estimated spring dust mass flux (DMF) showed a significant declining trend over the TP during 2007–19. The total spring DMF across the TP (TDMFTP) was mainly affected by DMFs over the Tarim Basin, while the spring DMF across the TP in the midtroposphere was also connected with DMFs over the northwest Indian Peninsula and central Asia. Interannual variability of spring TDMFTP was strongly correlated with the North Atlantic winter sea surface temperature (SST) tripole. A cold preceding winter induced by the North Atlantic winter SST tripole over midlatitude Eurasia promotes dust activities in the subsequent spring. The North Atlantic winter SST tripole anomalies persist into the subsequent spring and induce a corresponding atmosphere response. Enhanced atmospheric baroclinicity develops over northwest China and the northern Indian Peninsula during spring, which is attributed to surface thermal forcing induced by the positive winter SST tripole phase. A strong positive North Atlantic winter SST tripole anomaly strengthens the upper-level westerly jets, enhancing airflow toward the TP midtroposphere; together, these circulation patterns cause anomalous cyclonic conditions in the lower troposphere, especially over the Tarim Basin, via the eastward propagation of a Rossby wave train. These atmospheric circulation conditions are likely to increase the frequency of dust occurrence and promote the transport of dust onto the TP.
Performance Evaluation of a Smart Mobile Air Temperature and Humidity Sensor for Characterizing Intracity Thermal Environment
Authors: Cao Chang , Yang Yichen , Lu Yang , Schultze Natalie , Gu Pingyue , Zhou Qi , Xu Jiaping , Lee Xuhui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHeat stress caused by high air temperature and high humidity is a serious health concern for urban residents. Mobile measurement of these two parameters can complement weather station observations because of its ability to capture data at fine spatial scales and in places where people live and work. In this paper, we describe a smart temperature and humidity sensor (Smart-T) for use on bicycles to characterize intracity variations in human thermal conditions. The sensor has several key characteristics of internet of things (IoT) technology, including lightweight, low cost, low power consumption, ability to communicate and geolocate the data (via the cyclist’s smartphone), and the potential to be deployed in large quantities. The sensor has a reproducibility of 0.03°–0.05°C for temperature and of 0.18%–0.33% for relative humidity (one standard deviation of variation among multiple units). The time constant with a complete radiation shelter and moving at a normal cycling speed is 9.7 and 18.5 s for temperature and humidity, respectively, corresponding to a spatial resolution of 40 and 70 m. Measurements were made with the sensor on street transects in Nanjing, China. Results show that increasing vegetation fraction causes reduction in both air temperature and absolute humidity and that increasing impervious surface fraction has the opposite effect.
Suicide ideation versus suicide attempt: Examining overlapping and differential determinants in a large cohort of patients with depression and/or anxiety
Authors: Wiebenga Jasper XM , Eikelenboom Merijn , Heering Henriette D , van Oppen Patricia , Penninx Brenda WJH 
Published: August 2020

Objective: Individuals with a depressive and/or anxiety disorder are known to have an elevated risk of suicide. However, these diagnoses alone are insufficient at differentiating patients with suicide ideation that attempt suicide from those that do not. Few studies examined such differences in an ideation-to-action framework. Using this framework, extensive multivariate testing was performed to examine differences between suicidal patients with and without a suicide attempt. Method: Data were from 1576 respondents with a depressive and/or anxiety disorder, participating in the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze associations between sociodemographic, clinical, personality, and psychosocial risk factors and suicide ideation and attempt. Results: Patients with suicide ideation could be uniquely distinguished from non-suicidal patients by more years of education, presence of a depressive disorder (vs anxiety disorder) and higher introversion. Patients with suicide ideation and a past suicide attempt could be uniquely distinguished from non-suicidal patients by a younger age of onset, a lifetime alcohol use disorder, more external locus of control and lower levels of social support. Within the group of patients with suicide ideation, patients with a suicide attempt were more likely to have childhood trauma and lower education, and be of non-Western descent than patients with suicide ideation and no past attempt. Conclusion: This study found that although various clinical, personality and psychosocial characteristics distinguish patients with suicide ideation from non-suicidal patients, many of these often-cited factors do not distinguish patients with a suicide attempt from those who only think about suicide. However, childhood trauma, lower education and non-Western descent could aid in detecting suicide attempt risk among patients with suicide ideation.
Mental health services for individuals at risk of suicide in Peru: Attitudes and perspectives of mental health professionals
Authors: Alonzo Dana , Zapata Pratto Dafne Aida 
Published: August 2020

Background: Mental Health professionals often have to deal with at-risk individuals in crises and lack specialized training on suicide risk assessment and intervention. This study examined mental health professionals’ attitudes toward at-risk individuals and their perceptions of the quality of training and treatment available for assessing and intervening with this population. Methods: A total of 32 mental health professionals (13 psychiatrists, 16 psychologists, 2 psychiatric nurses; 1 social assistant) from highly vulnerable communities in Lima, Peru discussed their perceptions in four focus groups conducted by the authors. Results: Participants reported glaring deficiencies in all areas explored including training, knowledge and skills regarding suicide assessment and management. In addition, using ground theory analysis, three domains of findings emerged representing barriers and facilitators of treatment engagement, risk and protective factors of suicide and pros and cons of the current mental health care system including micro-, mezzo- and macro-level factors. The most frequently identified barrier was the perception that suicide is illegal; facilitator was family involvement; risk factor was poor parenting; protective factor was religious beliefs; pro of mental health care system was establishment of community-based services and con of mental health care system was lack of access to psychiatrists. Conclusion: The lack of specialized training available in the institutions that are designed to prepare mental health professionals for working with at-risk individuals is notable and has a direct and known impact self-identified by helping professionals. The need and desire for targeted training is palpable and essential to address growing rates of suicide, particularly among youth, in Peru.
Intrahepatic manifestation and distant extrahepatic disease in alveolar echinococcosis: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Graeter Tilmann , Shi Rong , Bao Haihua , Liu Wenya , Li Weixia , Jiang Yi , Schmidberger Julian , Brumpt Eleonore , Delabrousse Eric , Kratzer Wolfgang ,   the XUUB consortium
Published: August 2020

Background The main endemic areas of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) are in central Europe and western China. The infiltration of intrahepatic vascular and bile ducts as well as extrahepatic disease can lead to complications and may increase morbidity in AE. Purpose To evaluate the vascular/biliary involvement of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) and distant extrahepatic disease at each of four locations in Germany, France, and China. Material and Methods Contrast-enhanced abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of patients with HAE, 200 in total, were evaluated by five examiners. AE liver lesions were classified according to Kodama’s classification. Furthermore, distant extrahepatic manifestations were documented with additionally performed imaging modalities. Vascular/biliary involvement of hepatic manifestations as well as the presence of extrahepatic manifestations were correlated with the respective Kodama type of the liver lesion. Results Distant extrahepatic AE manifestations were significantly more frequent in China than in Europe (12/100 vs. 3/100; Fisher’s exact test: P=0.0286). A significant relationship exists between presence of distant extrahepatic disease manifestation and size of the AE liver lesion (132.53 ± 48.65 vs. 92.49 ± 50.06; P = 0.0030). Vascular/biliary involvement is significantly more frequent in China than in Europe (86/100 vs. 65/100; χ2 = 11.92; P = 0.0006). Vascular/biliary involvement depends on lesion size (111.10 ± 47.44 vs. 47.36 ± 24.36; P<0.0001). Different types of AE liver lesions are associated with differences in vascular/biliary involvement and extrahepatic manifestations. Conclusion Vascular/biliary involvement and presence of distant extrahepatic manifestations depend on size of the HAE lesions and are more frequently detected in China. Different MRI morphological patterns influence vascular/biliary involvement and the occurrence of distant extrahepatic manifestations.
Postoperative expressive aphasia associated with intravenous midazolam administration: a 5-year retrospective case-control study
Authors: Oh Saecheol , Chung Jihyun , Baek Sujin , Park Yoo Jung 
Published: August 2020

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of intravenous midazolam-induced postoperative expressive aphasia (EA). Methods The incidence rate, risk ratio, and contributing factors to intravenous midazolam-induced postoperative EA were analyzed retrospectively in 6756 orthopedic patients. A telephone interview was conducted with patients with EA after surgery. Results Patients were allocated to either the midazolam group (n = 6178) or no-midazolam group (n = 578). Twelve patients developed EA in the midazolam group, with an incidence of 0.19%, and no patient developed EA in the no-midazolam group. The mean age of EA patients was 70 years, and 92% were women. Among them, 75% received general anesthesia, and the mean dose of midazolam was 1.8 mg. EA was reversed in nine of 12 (75%) patients within 4 minutes of flumazenil administration, and >60 minutes were required to reverse EA in the other three patients (25%). Conclusion Intravenous midazolam administration for preoperative sedation caused transient EA in 0.19% of patients, especially elderly women who received general anesthesia, and EA could be reversed by flumazenil.
Epidemic prevention for coronavirus disease 2019 in Taiwan: A new perspective in emergency department
Authors: Lin Yang‐Tse , Cheng Wan‐Ling , Lin Chaou‐Shune , Hsu Chan‐Peng 
Published: August 2020

Introduction:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has become a pandemic with millions of contagions all over the world. However, as of June 2020, relatively few indigenous cases have been identified in Taiwan.Case Presentation:A 34‐year‐old man presented to our emergency department with progressive rhinorrhoea, a sore throat, and recent travel to the United States (Texas) and Mexico. He was diagnosed with COVID‐19 after a positive throat swab test. Even though he was not initially isolated, there was no cluster of infection identified after epidemiological investigation.Discussion:This case demonstrates Taiwan's unique epidemic prevention strategy, including the utilization of face masks, compact screening indications, quarantine arrangements, and the effective disposition of confirmed cases.Conclusion:In addition to managing various emergent conditions, emergency physicians should prepare epidemic prevention strategies as soon as possible and provide frontline suggestions.
Consensus on Indications for Isolated Subtalar Joint Fusion and Naviculocuneiform Fusions for Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity
Authors: Hintermann Beat , Deland Jonathan T. , de Cesar Netto Cesar , Ellis Scott J. , Johnson Jeffrey E. , Myerson Mark S. , Sangeorzan Bruce J. , Thordarson David B. , Schon Lew C. 
Published: August 2020

Recommendation: Peritalar subluxation represents an important hindfoot component of progressive collapsing foot deformity, which can be associated with a breakdown of the medial longitudinal arch. It results in a complex 3-dimensional deformity with varying degrees of hindfoot valgus, forefoot abduction, and pronation. Loss of peritalar stability allows the talus to rotate and translate on the calcaneal and navicular bone surfaces, typically moving medially and anteriorly, which may result in sinus tarsi and subfibular impingement. The onset of degenerative disease can manifest with stiffening of the subtalar (ST) joint and subsequent fixed and possibly arthritic deformity. While ST joint fusion may permit repositioning and stabilization of the talus on top of the calcaneus, it may not fully correct forefoot abduction and it does not correct forefoot varus. Such varus may be addressed by a talonavicular (TN) fusion or a plantar flexion osteotomy of the first ray, but, if too pronounced, it may be more effectively corrected with a naviculocuneiform (NC) fusion. The NC joint has a curvature in the sagittal plane. Thus, preserving the shape of the joint is the key to permitting plantarflexion correction by rotating the midfoot along the debrided surfaces and to fix it. Intraoperatively, care must be also taken to not overcorrect the talocalcaneal angle in the horizontal plane during the ST fusion (eg, to exceed the external rotation of the talus and inadvertently put the midfoot in a supinated position). Such overcorrection can lead to lateral column overload with persistent lateral midfoot pain and discomfort. A contraindication for an isolated ST fusion may be a rupture of posterior tibial tendon because of the resultant loss of the internal rotation force at the TN joint. In these cases, a flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer is added to the procedure. Level of Evidence: Level V, consensus, expert opinion.
Permeation measurement of 27 chemotherapy drugs after simulated dynamic testing on 15 surgical and examination gloves: A knowledge update
Authors: Nalin Marie , Hug Guillaume , Boeckmans Eric , Machon Christelle , Favier Bertrand , Guitton Jérôme 
Published: August 2020

Purpose Exposure to anticancer drugs is one of the known risks for people working in specialist oncology units. Wearing gloves is a vital form of personal protection. The aim of this study was to assess, in close to real use dynamic conditions, the permeability of 15 surgical and examination gloves made from different materials when exposed to 27 anticancer drugs included in the list from international Guides and Recommendations. Methods Gloves were tested by using controlled dynamic conditions replicating flexion and extension movements that mimic typical clinical applications. Tests were performed at 37°C or at 43°C for 30 min and anticancer drugs were tested at the highest concentration used in clinical practice. To determine the permeation rate, the quantification of anticancer drugs was performed with selective and sensitive analytical methods such as inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results All the gloves met the EN 16523-1 European standard (1000 ng/(min.cm2)). The penetration rate of busulfan, carmustine and thiotepa exceeded the ASTM D-6978-05 American standard (10 ng/(min.cm2)) with several surgical and/or examination gloves. This standard was met in all of cases when double gloving was used. Breakage of several nitrile gloves was observed in relation with the excipient used by drugs suppliers. Conclusions Permeation is a complex multifactorial phenomenon. However, we have suggested that the thickness of the glove and three physicochemical parameters (molecular weight, topological polar surface area and hydrogen bond donor) of the drug were the main parameters affecting permeation.
Heart rate fragmentation gives novel insights into non-autonomic mechanisms governing beat-to-beat control of the heart’s rhythm
Authors: Lensen Irene S , Monfredi Oliver J , Andris Robert T , Lake Douglas E , Moorman J Randall 
Published: August 2020

Objectives To demonstrate how heart rate fragmentation gives novel insights into non-autonomic mechanisms of beat-to-beat variability in cycle length, and predicts survival of cardiology clinic patients, over and above traditional clinical risk factors and measures of heart rate variability. Approach: We studied 2893 patients seen by cardiologists with clinical data including 24-hour Holter monitoring. Novel measures of heart rate fragmentation alongside canonical time and frequency domain measures of heart rate variability, as well as an existing local dynamics score were calculated. A proportional hazards model was utilized to relate the results to survival. Main results: The novel heart rate fragmentation measures were validated and characterized with respect to the effects of age, ectopy and atrial fibrillation. Correlations between parameters were determined. Critically, heart rate fragmentation results could not be accounted for by undersampling respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Increased heart rate fragmentation was associated with poorer survival (p ≪ 0.01 in the univariate model). In multivariable analyses, increased heart rate fragmentation and more abnormal local dynamics (p 0.045), along with increased clinical risk factors (age (p ≪ 0.01), tobacco use (p ≪ 0.01) and history of heart failure (p 0.019)) and lower low- to high-frequency ratio (p 0.022) were all independent predictors of 2-year mortality. Significance: Analysis of continuous ECG data with heart rate fragmentation indices yields information regarding non-autonomic control of beat-to-beat variability in cycle length that is independent of and additive to established parameters for investigating heart rate variability, and predicts mortality in concert with measures of local dynamics, frequency content of heart rate, and clinical risk factors.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine‐Needle Biopsy for Salivary Gland Neoplasms in a Community Otolaryngology Practice
Authors: Harb Jennifer L. , Bakar Dara , Dhingra Jagdish K. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic accuracy of fine‐needle biopsy (FNB) of salivary gland neoplasms via ultrasound (US) or palpation guidance by an otolaryngologist in a community practice.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingCommunity otolaryngology practice.MethodsRetrospective analysis was conducted for all office‐based salivary gland FNBs from a community practice from 2005 through 2018. There were 433 FNBs performed among 370 patients. The likelihood of achieving a diagnostic result based on method (US vs palpation guidance) was calculated. Of this cohort, 196 cases had surgical follow‐up (parotid gland, n = 168; submandibular gland, n = 28). Correlation of preoperative FNB results to final surgical pathology was performed and measures of diagnostic accuracy computed.ResultsUS‐guided FNBs were more likely to achieve a diagnostic result than FNBs obtained via palpation guidance (P =. 00002). Parotid gland FNBs demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 78.57% and 92.44%, respectively. Submandibular FNBs demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 57.14% and 93.74%.ConclusionFNBs performed under US guidance are more likely to achieve a diagnostic specimen than those performed under palpation guidance. FNBs of parotid gland tumors may be assessed with diagnostic accuracy in the community setting that is similar to that achieved at tertiary care centers. Further research is needed to ascertain whether this finding extends to FNBs of submandibular gland tumors. Offering this procedure at point of care in the community may improve compliance and reduce wait time.
Effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban compared with low-molecular-weight heparin in cancer-associated thromboembolism
Authors: Costa Olivia S. , Kohn Christine G. , Kuderer Nicole M. , Lyman Gary H. , Bunz Thomas J. , Coleman Craig I. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Guidelines provide differing recommendations regarding direct-acting oral anticoagulants vs low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT). This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban vs LMWH for treatment of CAT. Using US Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare–linked data from 2013 through 2016, we evaluated adults with active breast, lung, ovarian, or pancreatic cancer, who were admitted to the hospital or treated in the emergency department for CAT and were prescribed rivaroxaban or LMWH for outpatient anticoagulation. Patients with luminal gastrointestinal or genitourinary cancers were excluded. Rivaroxaban and LMWH users were 1:1 propensity score matched. Outcomes included the composite of recurrent thrombosis or major bleeding, each outcome separately, and mortality at 6 months, using an intent-to-treat approach. On-treatment analysis after 12 months was also performed. Proportional hazards models for the subdistribution of competing risk were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We included 529 rivaroxaban- and 529 LMWH-treated patients with CAT. Rivaroxaban was not associated with differences in risk of the composite outcome (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.41-1.22), major bleeding (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.50-2.01), or mortality (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.70-1.07) vs LMWH, but it reduced recurrent thrombosis (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.15-0.95). On-treatment analysis at 12 months showed similar results. Rivaroxaban may be a reasonable alternative to LMWH for patients with CAT without gastrointestinal or genitourinary cancer.