bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cold gas and dust: Hunting spiral-like structures in early-type galaxies
Authors: Yıldız M. K. , Peletier R. F. , Duc P.-A. , Serra P. 
Published: January 2020

Context. Observations of neutral hydrogen (H I) and molecular gas show that 50% of all nearby early-type galaxies contain some cold gas. Molecular gas is always found in small gas discs in the central region of the galaxy, while neutral hydrogen is often distributed in a low-column density disc or ring typically extending well beyond the stellar body. Dust is frequently found in early-type galaxies as well.
Aims. The goal of our study is to understand the link between dust and cold gas in nearby early-type galaxies as a function of H I content.
Methods. We analyse deep optical g − r images obtained with the MegaCam camera at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope for a sample of 21 H I-rich and 41 H I-poor early-type galaxies.
Results. We find that all H I-rich galaxies contain dust seen as absorption. Moreover, in 57% of these H I-rich galaxies, the dust is distributed in a large-scale spiral pattern. Although the dust detection rate is relatively high in the H I-poor galaxies (∼59%), most of these systems exhibit simpler dust morphologies without any evidence of spiral structures. We find that the H I-rich galaxies possess more complex dust morphology extending to almost two times larger radii than H I-poor objects. We measured the dust content of the galaxies from the optical colour excess and find that H I-rich galaxies contain six times more dust (in mass) than H I-poor ones. In order to maintain the dust structures in the galaxies, continuous gas accretion is needed, and the substantial H I gas reservoirs in the outer regions of early-type galaxies can satisfy this need for a long time. We find that there is a good correspondence between the observed masses of the gas and dust, and it is also clear that dust is present in regions further than 3 Reff.
Conclusions. Our findings indicate an essential relation between the presence of cold gas and dust in early-type galaxies and offer a way to study the interstellar medium in more detail than what is possible with H I observations.
Solar photosphere magnetization
Authors: Bommier Véronique 
Published: January 2020

Context.A recent review shows that observations performed with different telescopes, spectral lines, and interpretation methods all agree about a vertical magnetic field gradient in solar active regions on the order of 3 G km−1, when a horizontal magnetic field gradient of only 0.3 G km−1is found. This represents an inexplicable discrepancy with respect to the divB = 0 law.Aims.The objective of this paper is to explain these observations through the lawB = μ0(H+M) in magnetized media.Methods.Magnetization is due to plasma diamagnetism, which results from the spiral motion of free electrons or charges about the magnetic field. Their usual photospheric densities lead to very weak magnetizationM, four orders of magnitude lower thanH. It is then assumed that electrons escape from the solar interior, where their thermal velocity is much higher than the escape velocity, in spite of the effect of protons. They escape from lower layers in a quasi-static spreading, and accumulate in the photosphere. By evaluating the magnetic energy of an elementary atom embedded in the magnetized medium obeying the macroscopic lawB = μ0(H+M), it is shown that the Zeeman Hamiltonian is due to the effect ofH. Thus, what is measured isH.Results.The decrease in density with height is responsible for non-zero divergence ofM, which is compensated for by the divergence ofH, in order to ensure div B = 0. The behavior of the observed quantities is recovered.Conclusions.The problem of the divergence of the observed magnetic field in solar active regions finally reveals evidence of electron accumulation in the solar photosphere. This is not the case of the heavier protons, which remain in lower layers. An electric field would thus be present in the solar interior, but as the total charge remains negligible, no electric field or effect would result outside the star.
Differential abundances of open clusters and their tidal tails: Chemical tagging and chemical homogeneity
Authors: Casamiquela L. , Tarricq Y. , Soubiran C. , Blanco-Cuaresma S. , Jofré P. , Heiter U. , Tucci Maia M. 
Published: January 2020

Context. Well studied open clusters (OCs) of the solar neighborhood are frequently used as reference objects to test galactic and stellar theories. For that purpose, their chemical composition needs to be known with a high level of confidence. It is also important to clarify if each OC is chemically homogeneous and if it has a unique chemical signature.
Aims. The aims of this work are (1) to determine accurate and precise abundances of 22 chemical species (from Na to Eu) in the Hyades, Praesepe, and Rupecht 147 by using a large number of stars at different evolutionary states, (2) to evaluate the level of chemical homogeneity of these OCs, and (3) to compare their chemical signatures.
Methods. We gathered ∼800 high resolution and high signal-to-noise spectra of ∼100 members in the three clusters, which were obtained with the latest memberships based on Gaia DR2 data. We built a pipeline, which computes atmospheric parameters and strictly line-by-line differential abundances among twin stars in our sample. With this method, we were able to reach a very high precision in the abundances (0.01–0.02 dex in most of the elements).
Results. We find large differences in the absolute abundances in some elements, which can be attributed to diffusion, non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) effects, or systematics in the analysis. For the three OCs, we find strong correlations in the differential abundances between different pairs of elements. According to our experiment with synthetic data, this can be explained by some level of chemical inhomogeneity. We compare differential abundances of several stars from the Hyades and Praesepe tails: The stars that differ more in chemical abundances also have distinct kinematics, even though they have been identified as members of the tail.
Conclusions. It is possible to obtain high precision abundances using a differential analysis even when mixing spectra from different instruments. With this technique, we find that the Hyades and Preasepe have the same chemical signature when G dwarfs and K giants are considered. Despite a certain level of inhomogeneity in each cluster, it is still possible to clearly distinguish the chemical signature of the older cluster Ruprecht 147 when compared to the Hyades and Praesepe.
A promiscuous inflammasome sparks replication of a common tumor virus
Authors: Burton Eric M. , Goldbach-Mansky Raphaela , Bhaduri-McIntosh Sumita 
Published: January 2020

Significance
Infectious agents, including viruses, activate cellular inflammasomes. Viruses have evolved strategies to parry such host defense mechanisms, and cancer-causing gammaherpesviruses such as Epstein−Barr virus (EBV) are no exception. In distinct contrast, we show that this ubiquitous virus exploits assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome to kick-start its lytic cascade; this allows EBV to reactivate from quiescence, propagate, and leave the cell when the cell perceives intrinsic or extrinsic threats. This discovery also provides a predictive signature that marks cells in which EBV is poised to enter the lytic phase. Importantly also, with hyperglycemia known to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, our findings provide a mechanistic basis for recent clinical observations of diabetes as a significant risk factor for EBV-lymphomas in transplant recipients.
Negative ion source operation with deuterium
Authors: Bacal M , Wada M 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhen the working gas of a negative ion source is changed from hydrogen to its isotope, deuterium, an ‘isotope effect’ is observed; namely, several plasma characteristics such as the electron energy distribution, the atomic fraction and the spectra of rovibrationally excited molecules change. The understanding of the effect becomes more important, as research and development aiming at ITER power level operation is being challenged with feeding deuterium to the ion sources. As a historical review of the effort to develop hydrogen/deuterium negative ion sources, several types of negative ion sources designed for the neutral beam plasma heating are described: double charge exchange sources, volume sources and surface-plasma sources. The early results with volume sources operated with and without cesium are introduced. The characteristics of the source charged with deuterium are compared to those of the source charged with hydrogen. The isotope effect did not appear pronounced as the negative ion density was measured in a small source but became more pronounced when the plasma source size was enlarged and the discharge power density was increased to higher values. Surface plasma sources were optimized for deuterium operation but could not achieve the same performance as a source operated with hydrogen at the same power and pressure. The lower velocity of negative deuterium ions leaving the low work function surface seemed to limit the production efficiency. Fundamental processes causing these differences in negative ion source operation are summarized. After explaining the current status of negative ion source research and development, the acquired knowledge is utilized to the development of large negative ion sources for nuclear fusion research and to the development of compact negative ion sources for neutron source applications.
Combined optogenetic and electrical stimulation of auditory neurons increases effective stimulation frequency—an in vitro study
Authors: Hart William L , Richardson Rachael T , Kameneva Tatiana , Thompson Alex C , Wise Andrew K , Fallon James B , Stoddart Paul R , Needham Karina 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objective. The performance of neuroprostheses, including cochlear and retinal implants, is currently constrained by the spatial resolution of electrical stimulation. Optogenetics has improved the spatial control of neurons in vivo but lacks the fast-temporal dynamics required for auditory and retinal signalling. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that combining optical and electrical stimulation in vitro could address some of the limitations associated with each of the stimulus modes when used independently. Approach. The response of murine auditory neurons expressing ChR2-H134 to combined optical and electrical stimulation was characterised using whole cell patch clamp electrophysiology. Main results. Optogenetic costimulation produces a three-fold increase in peak firing rate compared to optical stimulation alone and allows spikes to be evoked by combined subthreshold optical and electrical inputs. Subthreshold optical depolarisation also facilitated spiking in auditory neurons for periods of up to 30 ms without evidence of wide-scale Na+ inactivation. Significance. These findings may contribute to the development of spatially and temporally selective optogenetic-based neuroprosthetics and complement recent developments in ‘fast opsins’.
Modeling and Verification of CTCS-3 On-board Equipment Based on Colored Petri Net
Authors: Jingjia Han , Tao He 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The on-board control system is the kernel subsystem of the CTCS-3 train control system which is the key to ensure the safety of train operation. According to the complexity of CTCS-3 train control system, first of all, this paper analyzes the mode conversion rules of the on-board equipment of CTCS-3, establishes the model conversion scenario (MTCPN) model based on Colored Petri Net, and introduces the use branch in the CPN Tools. The sequential logic ASK-CTL formula and the non-standard state space query method formally verify the constructed MTCPN model, and the verification result is true, indicating that the constructed MTCPN model satisfies the rules of the CTCS-3 Train Control System Requirements Specification (SRS). The mode conversion function conforms to the on-board device mode conversion process, and through the verification result, the mode conversion scene of the on-board device is analyzed to have deadlock-free and transferability.
Envelope Phase Shift Feature Extraction of Underwater Target Echo
Authors: Yong Jintao , Chen Yunfei , Zhang Yang , Jia Bing , Li Guijuan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of target classification with different physical property parameters, the phase characteristics of echo envelope associated with different physical property parameters are studied, and the feature extraction method of the phase shift characteristics of the target echo envelope is established. The extraction method and the feature resolution performance of the phase shift characteristics of echo envelope are verified by the water-tank test of cylindrical targets with different materials and finite length. The experimental results of the underwater cylindrical target echo show that the feature of target echo envelope phase shift has significant difference with the change of target material, structure and radial scale. The phase shift feature of underwater target echo envelope has good performance for targets with different physical property parameters.
A Symmetric Successive Overrelaxation (SSOR) based Gauss-Seidel Massive MIMO Detection Algorithm
Authors: Ding Chen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
With an increasing number of antennas and users, the complexity increases dramatically, in order to simplify the process. In this paper, We propose existed algorithms discussing their principles and their advantages as well as the comparison between each method and then we provide the possible improvement in theory changing steps in iteration process to avoid the matrix inversion, by introducing a pre-conditioned gradient (PCG) method and further improved Jacobi method and using Neumann-series terms to estimate an approximate matrix inversion and the Gauss-Seidel (GS) method with a diagonal-approximate initial solution to the method and biconjugate gradient stabilized (BICGSTAB) method and above all of the methods are based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector including the application in multi-user MIMO system. Another approach is from a signal detector based on symmetric successive over relaxation (SSOR) method without matrix inversion and Neumann series based on the zero forcing signal detector. The third algorithm uses a modified version of the conjugate gradient least square (CGLS). These methods are mainly replacing the inversion process into iteration process to reduce the complexity of the algorithm not only replacing the stages but optimizing the speed from setting the initial solution as well as the improvement using the Neumann-series to replace the iteration part. Finally, we proposed a symmetric successive overrelaxation (SSOR) based Gauss-Seidel for massive MIMO detection.
Design of Portable Wireless Electrocardiogram Monitoring System
Authors: Li Ning , Liu Yingjiu , Zhang Guangchao , Du Hongyuan , Yang Yingying , Jiang Xin , Wang Chen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major disease that seriously threat to people’s health and life. And such diseases often have unexpected features. If it can’t be timely detected and treated, it will have very serious consequence. So on cardiovascular disease in care becomes particularly important. This thesis investigate an ECG Monitoring System that based on a wireless transmission technology. The system contains three parts: ECG pretreatment, wireless transmission and central control. The ECG signal that from ECG collection device be pretreatment and by microcomputer control to complete A/D conversion, then wireless transmission chip nRF905 will send out the signals; wireless transmission chip nRF905 will receive the signal and transmitted to PC for analysis, complete ECG guardianship. The design is aimed at using wireless transmission to replace cable transmission, enable patients in free activities at the same time by the guardianship, it is also the innovation of this thesis. This thesis describes the design of the ECG monitor with portability and low power consumption advantages.
Transmission of Live Detection Data Based on Modified D2D
Authors: Zheng Wenjie , Li Chengqi , Zhao Mingzhe , Zhang Hao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
While the standardization of live detection process helps ensure safe operation of substation equipment significantly, data transmission between detection equipment and the handheld tablet is still a great challenge. In this article, we propose a communication method for live detection in substations with D2D in licensed band and unlicensed band. Firstly, we analyze the scenario of live detection in substation and compare various near field communication methods. Secondly, we study the key technologies of D2D mainly including spectrum resource management and channel access mechanism. Finally, we perform system level simulation on D2D in licensed and unlicensed band, whose results show that modified D2D can achieve high quality communication between detection equipment and the handheld tablet.
Automated Motion of a Robot based on Emotion Analysis
Authors: Jain Manish , Verma Madhushi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Several people in this world are suffering from neuro-motor disability which makes their life difficult and such people become dependent on others. In some cases, such people can speak clearly whereas in other cases their speech may not be very clear. Here, we present a solution to control the movement of such people who are not able to walk because of their disability but are able to speak clearly. Their speech is analysed, and a mapping of movement has been defined for an emotion. Further, a prototype has been built in the form of an arduino robot to demonstrate that the mapping is able to control the movement which can further be refined in future to make it more accurate and mapped with relevant movements according to the need in real-life. Other practical applications of this work include covert operation, feedback industry etc.
Midpoint Distance Circle Generation Algorithm based on Midpoint Circle Algorithm and Bresenham Circle Algorithm
Authors: Cao Minghua , Liu Siyuan , Cao Fanghua 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In the process of generating a circle, the existing midpoint circle algorithm and Bresenham circle algorithm have the problems of slow drawing speed, high resource consumption, complicated calculation steps and large pixel spacing in some areas, and a combination of midpoint painting is proposed. A new algorithm for the circular algorithm and the Bresenham circular algorithm. The algorithm first calculates the positional relationship between the midpoint and the circumference of two adjacent pixel points, and then calculates the distance difference between two adjacent pixel points and the circle by two approximate distances, and then obtains the decision parameters of the algorithm. A complete circle is obtained by the symmetry of the octant. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm is an effective midpoint distance circle generation algorithm based on the midpoint circle algorithm and the Bresenham algorithm. Compared with similar algorithms, it has higher stability and precision, and has less resource consumption and more flexible calculation methods.
Unsupervised Multimodal Image Registration by Polynomial Warping over Correlation-Maximizing Shifts
Authors: Eren Akbiyik M. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Alignment of images from multiple modalities is a very important procedure for many medical and industrial applications. Often times it is not possible to utilize a supervised method due to the lack of labeled data for any specific sensor architecture. In this study, a new unsupervised approach is proposed for a sensor-camera system aligned in one axis, that warps the image-like frames onto each other with a second-degree polynomial sampled from the cross-correlation maximizing segment shifts. This methodology will allow the registration process to adjust for focal differences and varying image modalities between the sensors. Thus, novel architectures utilizing seldom-used sensors will more easily adapt to industrial and medical work environments.
The Influence Mechanism of Authentic Leadership in Artificial Intelligence Team on Employees’ Performance
Authors: Hao Meng , Lv Weifeng , Du Bowen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The impact of Artificial Intelligence(AI) on industrial change has transformed the practice of enterprise management, and impacted the traditional management theory born in the industrial era. This paper discusses the impact of AI on the practice and theory of enterprise management, including the transparency of human beings and the employ ability of AI. Based on the characteristics of the AI technology development team. In this study, 102 AI technology team leaders and 697 team members from AI companies in China were used as subjects both to investigate the influence mechanism of AL at both the individual and team levels and to explore the cross-level relationship between the two levels. The results show that at the individual level, the psychological safety plays a mediating role between individual-oriented AL behavior and an individual’s performance. At the team level, the team’s atmosphere plays a mediating role between team-oriented AL behavior and the individual’s performance. This study has important implications for the theory of leadership behavior and leadership practice. AI belongs to a new type of technology, and the pressure of technology development work is great. It will display a kind of authentic leadership and can effectively promote the technology of the subordinates.
Study on Denoise Algorithm for Micro-motion Target
Authors: Xia Saiqiang , Chen Wenfei , Zhang Chaowei , Wang Xiaonan , Xu Dahan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Aiming at the non-stationary characteristics of narrowband radar echo of micro-motion target, a novel micro-motion signal denoising algorithm is proposed. Firstly, the weight function is constructed by coherent accumulation, and the echo is weighted by weight function to filter out the noise in range dimension. Secondly, the singular spectrum analysis(SSA) is performed on the range bin of the echo, the signal with large singularities is preserved, and the noise with small singularities is filtered out. Then, the azimuth dimension signal transformed from time domain into time-frequency domain, the step iteration method is used to adaptively filter the time-frequency spectrum and the time-frequency filtering result with the best denoising effect selected by defining the risk function. Finally, the simulation verify the effect of the proposed method.
A Non-local Rank-Constraint Hyperspectral Images Denoising Method with 3-D Anisotropic Total Variation
Authors: Gong Tao , Wen Desheng , He Tianbin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Hyperspectral Images (HSIs) are usually degraded by many kinds of noise called mixed noise, which greatly limits the subsequent applications of HSIs. Many researches have proved the patch-based low-rank methods and the total variation (TV) based approaches have a good effect on reducing noise in HSIs. Here, we propose a non-local patch based rank-constraint HSIs noise suppression methods with a global 3-D anisotropic total variation (NLRATV). Differing from previous patch-based methods which usually ignore spatial structural information, we add more structural constraints with the non-local similarity across patches for suppressing the structural noise that exists at the same location of many bands. Besides, we utilize the global 3-D anisotropic total variation to ensure its smoothness in spatial and spectral dimensionalities while reconstructing the image. The augmented Lagrange multiplier method is adopted to optimize the proposed algorithm. The real data experiments have proved the superiority of NLRATV in decreasing mixed and dense noise.