bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective&nbsp;Review of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Functional Outcome and the Incidence of Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tear in Spontaneous Osteonecrosis of the Knee
Authors: WU PO-JU , Lin TsungYu , Lu Yung Chang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background:Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK) can lead to severe knee osteoarthritis predominantly localized to the medial compartment. We aimed to determine whether unicompartmental knee arthroplasty was an effective treatment for primary SONK.Methods:We analyzed the functional outcomes in 23 patients with SONK (with a magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]-confirmed diagnosis) who underwent UKA at a single center. The mean follow-up time was 67 months post-UKA.Results:Significant improvements in function were indicated by reduced Oxford Knee and Visual Analogue Scale scores after UKA, and there were no specific complications after the procedures. The incidence of MRI-identified medial meniscus posterior root tear (MMPRT) was 69.6% (16/23).Conclusion:Unicompartmental arthroplasty for SONK is less destructive to the native knee structure than total knee arthroplasty, but can achieve comparable prognosis with strict patient selection. While the precise etiology of SONK is unknown, one theory posits that a MMPRT may change the biomechanical circumstances of the knee joint, leading to osteonecrosis. Although not confirmatory, the high prevalence rate suggests that MMPRT may have a key role in the development of SONK. UKA is an effective treatment option for SONK, resulting in significant functional improvement. Long-term (>10 years) outcomes should be investigated.
A single resistance factor to solve vineyard degeneration due to grapevine fanleaf virus
Authors: Djennane Samia , Prado Emilce , Dumas Vincent , Demangeat Gérard , Gersch Sophie , Alais Anne , Gertz Claude , Beuve Monique , Lemaire Olivier , Merdinoglu Didier 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Grapevine fanleaf disease, caused by grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), transmitted by the soil-borne nematode Xiphinema index, provokes severe symptoms and economic losses, threatening vineyards worldwide. As no effective solution exists so far to control grapevine fanleaf disease in an environmentally friendly way, we investigated the presence of resistance to GFLV in grapevine genetic resources. We discovered that the Riesling variety displays resistance to GFLV, although it is susceptible to X. index. This resistance is determined by a single recessive factor located on grapevine chromosome 1, which we have named rgflv1. The discovery of rgflv1 paves the way for the first effective and environmentally friendly solution to control grapevine fanleaf disease through the development of new GFLV-resistant grapevine rootstocks, which was hitherto an unthinkable prospect. Moreover, rgflv1 is putatively distinct from the virus susceptibility factors already described in plants.
Actuation of synthetic cells with proton gradients generated by light-harvesting E. coli
Authors: Jahnke Kevin , Ritzmann Noah , Fichtler Julius , Nitschke Anna , Dreher Yannik , Abele Tobias , Hofhaus Götz , Platzman Ilia , Schröder Rasmus , Muller Daniel , Spatz Joachim , Göpfrich Kerstin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Bottom-up and top-down approaches to synthetic biology each employ distinct methodologies with the common aim to harness new types of living systems. Both approaches, however, face their own challenges towards biotechnological and biomedical applications. Here, we realize a strategic merger to convert light into proton gradients for the actuation of synthetic cellular systems. We genetically engineer E. coli to overexpress the light-driven inward-directed proton pump xenorhodopsin and encapsulate them as organelle mimics in artificial cell-sized compartments. Exposing the compartments to light-dark cycles, we can reversibly switch the pH by almost one pH unit and employ these pH gradients to trigger the attachment of DNA structures to the compartment periphery. For this purpose, a DNA triplex motif serves as a nanomechanical switch responding to the pH-trigger of the E. coli. By attaching a polymerized DNA origami plate to the DNA triplex motif, we obtain a cytoskeleton mimic that considerably deforms lipid vesicles in a pH-responsive manner. We foresee that the combination of bottom-up and top down approaches is an efficient way to engineer synthetic cells as potent microreactors.
A Hybrid Computational Framework for Intelligent Inter-continent SARS-CoV-2 Sub-strains Characterization and Prediction
Authors: Ekpenyong Moses , Edoho Mercy , Inyang Udoinyang , Uzoka Faith-Michael , Ekaidem Itemobong , Moses Anietie , Emeje Martins , Tatfeng Youtchou , Udo Ifiok , Anwana Enoabasi , Etim Oboso , Joseph Geoffery , Dan Emmanuel 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Whereas accelerated attention beclouded early stages of the coronavirus spread, knowledge of actual pathogenicity and origin of possible sub-strains remained unclear. By harvesting the Global initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) database (https://www.gisaid.org/), between December 2019 and August 20, 2020, a total of 157 human SARS-CoV-2 (complete) genome sequences processed by gender, across 6 continents of the world, were analyzed. We hypothesized that data speaks for itself and can discern true and explainable patterns of the disease. Identical genome diversity and pattern correlates analysis performed using a hybrid of biotechnology and machine learning methods corroborate multiple emergence of SARS-CoV-2 sub-strains and explained the diversity of the SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, some viral sub-strains progressively transformed into new sub-strain clusters indicating varying amino acid and strong nucleotide association derived from same origin. A novel approach to cognitive knowledge mining from enriched genome datasets and output targets labeling, helped intelligent prediction of emerging or new viral sub-strains.
Measurement of Neutrino's Magnetic Monopole Charge, Vacuum Energy and Cause of Quantum Mechanical Uncertainty
Authors: Jeong Eue Jin , Edmondson Dennis 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Charge conservation in the theory of elementary particle physics is one of the best-established principles in physics. As such, if there are magnetic monopoles in the universe, the magnetic charge will most likely be a conserved quantity like electric charges. If neutrinos are magnetic monopoles, as physicists have speculated the possibility, then neutrons must also have a magnetic monopole charge, and the Earth should show signs of having a magnetic monopole charge on a macroscopic scale. To test this hypothesis, experiments were performed to detect the magnetic monopole's effect near the equator by measuring the Earth's radial magnetic force using two balanced high strength neodymium rods magnets that successfully identified the magnetic monopole charge. From this observation, we conclude that at least the electron neutrino which is a byproduct of weak decay of the neutron must be magnetic monopole. We present mathematical expressions for the vacuum electric field based on the findings and discuss various physical consequences related to the symmetry in Maxwell's equations, the origin of quantum mechanical uncertainty, the medium for electromagnetic wave propagation in space, and the logistic distribution of the massive number of magnetic monopoles in the universe. We elaborate on how these seemingly unrelated mysteries in physics are intimately intertwined together around magnetic monopoles.
Statistical Joint Modeling on Longitudinal Body Weight and CD4 Cell Progression with Survival Time-To-Death Predictors on HIV/AIDS Patients in Mekelle General Hospital, Ethiopia
Authors: MeleseChekole Dessie , Gebrerufael Geberu , Asfaw Zeytu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: This study assessed the impact of repeated biomarker measurements of statistical joint modeling on survival time-to-death and determines potential predictors of HIV/AIDS patients on ART in Mekelle General Hospital Ethiopia.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among HIV/AIDS patients who were under ART follow-up during September 11, 2013 - September 5, 2016 at Mekelle General Hospital, Ethiopia. Results: The relationship between the two biomarkers CD4 cell and body weight with risk for survival time-to-death were statistical insignificant.Thus, death is less probable to occur in HIV/AIDS patients with higher value of CD4 cell count andbody weight progression. In event process the sub-model, Baseline CD4, Fair andGood Adherence, HIV/TB (yes) and Sex (male) were significant factors of risk to short survival Time-to-Death on HIV/AIDS patients. In the 1st longitudinal process sub-model, Baseline CD4, Ambulatory functional status, HIV/TB (yes), Time*Ambulatory functional status, Time*Working functional status and Time*Baseline CD4 were the significant factors of Bcount progression. Moreover, In 2nd longitudinal process sub-model, visit Time of follow-up, Age, Sex (male), Baseline weight, Time*Ambulatory and Time*Working functional status were the significant factors of log 10(body weight) progression.Conclusion: Both governmental and non-governmental stakeholders should pay special attention for HIV positive adults, especially for those who had developed HIV/TB, male, bedridden functional status, poor adherence and lower Baseline CD4 cell count progression so that mortality due to HIV/AIDS optimally reduced.
Comparative Observation of Two Types of Limb Salvage Surgery on Limb Function and Quality of Life in Patients With Knee Joint Osteosarcoma
Authors: Hou Zi-Wei , Bai Wen-Zhe , Xu Ming , Zheng Kai , Yu Xiuchun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundWe compared the effects of two surgical procedures on limb function and quality of life in patients with osteosarcoma in the knee.MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated the postoperative outcomes of patients treated with JPLS and JPRS for osteosarcoma around the knee between November 2000 and December 2019. All patients were followed up for at least one year. Patients' lower extremity function, knee function, and quality of life were evaluated during follow-up using the MSTS score, IKDC score, and SF-36 score.ResultsAll 38 patients received a successful operation, and all incisions healed in one stage after surgery. At 12 months after the operation, the MSTS score in the prosthetic-replacement group (22.79±5.22) was lower than that in the joint-preservation group (27.05±1.62)(P=0.002). The IKDC score was lower in the prosthetic-replacement group (59.89±11.22) than in the joint-preservation group (76.84±9.42)( P <0.001). After 12 months, the SF-36 scores of physiological and social function in the joint-preserving group were higher than those in the prosthetic-replacement group (P <0.05), and there were no significant differences among the other indexes (P >0.05). Comparing the distribution of each item in the MSTS and IKDC scoring criteria between the joint-preservation and the prosthetic-replacement group revealed that the limb function, pain, satisfaction, support assistance, and the walking and gait of the joint preservation group were superior to those of the prosthetic-replacement group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in knee flexion between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, the joint preservation group was superior to the prosthesis replacement group in terms of pain, swelling, twisting, softening of the leg, movement downstairs, sitting up from a chair, kneeling, squatting, running straight forward, jumping up with the injured leg and landing, and quickly stopping or starting (P < 0.05).ConclusionCompared with joint-prosthesis replacement surgery, joint-preservation limb salvage leads to better joint function and quality of life. To improve the limb function and quality of life of patients with long-term survival osteosarcoma, joint-preservation limb salvage should be carried out according to the principles of Operation Indication, neoadjuvant and effective chemotherapy.
Plant health evaluations of Belonolaimus longicaudatus and Meloidogyne incognita colonized bermudagrass using remote sensing
Authors: Groover Will L. , Lawrence Kathy S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of an unmanned aerial system (UAS) equipped with a multispectral sensor to track plant health in the presence of plant-parasitic nematodes in conjunction with nematicide applications. Four nematicides were evaluated for their ability to suppress Belonolaimus longicaudatus and Meloidogyne incognita in microplots, and three nematicides were evaluated on a golf course for their ability to suppress multiple plant-parasitic nematode genera. Visual ratings, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalized Difference RedEdge Index (NDRE) were reported throughout the trial to assess plant health. B. longicaudatus and M. incognita population density was significantly lowered by nematicide treatments in microplots and correlated with visual ratings, NDVI, and NDRE plant health ratings. On the golf course, all nematicides reduced total plant-parasitic nematode population density at 28, 56, and 84 days after treatment (DAT). Visual turf quality ratings, NDVI, and NDRE were positively correlated with lower nematode population density in the majority of evaluation dates. In the microplot and golf course settings, the parameters evaluated for plant health were correlated with plant-parasitic nematode population density: visual ratings, NDVI, and NDRE improved as nematode population density declined. These results show that remote sensing has the potential to be a beneficial tool for assessing plant-parasitic nematode infected bermudagrass.
Morphological and molecular characterizations of Heterodera oryzae in Korea
Authors: Mwesige Rose , Kim Eun-Hwa , Park Eun-Hyung , Ko Hyoung-Rai 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Rice is one of the most important staple grains in Korea and the largest starch source in addition to its usefulness in the production of beverages. Under different areas and environments of production, various pests and diseases including soil-borne plant pathogens such as plant-parasitic nematodes can compromise rice productivity. In a survey to identify plant parasitic nematodes on rice, cyst nematodes were encountered in rice fields that required characterization and identification. Phylogenetic analysis of the LSU D2-D3 region and ITS region could not separate the studied species from Heterodera elachista. However, phylogenetic analysis of the COI gene of the mitochondrial DNA clearly separated H. elachista from the new species into two different clusters. Combining morphology and molecular diagnostics, the species was identified as Heterodera oryzae belonging to the ‘Cyperi’ group whose cysts are characterized by vulval cones that are ambifenestrate, underbridge present with bullae. Second-stage juveniles have three incisors in the lateral field with long tails and long hyaline region.
Ti3C2/PVDF membrane for efficient seawater desalination based on interfacial solar heating
Authors: Peng Huan , Zhu Kehang , Li Chenxing , Xiao Yangyi , Ye Miaomiao 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The photothermal material of Ti3C2 was synthesized by etching Ti3AlC2 with hydrofluoric acid. The as-prepared Ti3C2 was deposited on a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane via vacuum filtration to form a Ti3C2/PVDF membrane, which was used for seawater desalination in the next step based on interfacial solar heating. The water evaporation rate of the Ti3C2/PVDF membrane could be enhanced to 0.98 kg/m2·h under 2 sun irradiance, which was 2.8 times and 5.4 times higher than that of pure water (0.35 kg/m2·h) and PVDF (0.18 kg/m2·h) respectively. The temperature difference between the two air–water interfaces with and without the Ti3C2/PVDF membrane was as high as 11.8 °C, confirming the interfacial heating behavior. The water evaporation rate under 2 sun irradiance kept mostly in the range of 0.96–0.86 kg/m2·h over 30 days under continuous operation, indicating the high stability of the Ti3C2/PVDF membrane. Finally, it was demonstrated that the typical water-quality indexes of the condensed fresh water were below the limit values of the Standards for Drinking Water Quality in China, WHO, and US EPA.
Superhydrophobic surface coating on electrospun polypropylene membrane to treat high salinity water in membrane distillation
Authors: Chin Jing Yi , Teoh Guang Hui , Ahmad Abdul Latif , Low Siew Chun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Membrane distillation (MD) is an advantageous separation process compared with pressure-driven technologies and was subsequently introduced to treat aquaculture wastewater. Harnessing a superhydrophobic membrane in an MD process is of extreme importance to prevent membrane wetting. In this work, the electrospun polypropylene (PP) membrane was surface modified by depositing an additional coating of PP via the solvent-exchange method, thereby improving the membrane's superhydrophobicity. Layer-by-layer deposition of PP caused the formation of uniform polymer spherulites on the membrane surface, which levelled up the membrane's surface roughness. A superhydrophobic surface was achieved by applying a single-layered PP coating, with static water contact angle of 152.2° and sliding angle of 12.5°. While all membranes achieved almost perfect salt rejection (up to 99.99%), the MD permeate flux improved by 30%, average of 13.0 kg/m2h, when the single-layered PP-coated membrane was used to treat the high salinity water in both 2 and 60 hr MD processes. Further layers of coating resulted in larger size of PP spherulites with higher sliding angle, followed by lowered flux in MD. The evenness of the surface coating and the size of the aggregate PP spherulites (nano-scaled) are two predominant factors contributing to the superhydrophobicity character of a membrane.
Radial artery occlusion after primary percutaneous coronary interventions performed using different radial approaches
Authors: Akhramovich R. , Semitko S. , Azarov A. , Melnichenko I. , Analeev A. , Chernyisheva I. , Tretyakov A. , Ioseliani D. 
Published: November 2020

Aim. The analyses of radial artery patency during hospitalisation in patients with acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary interventions were performed using three options of radial approaches, i.e. traditional, classical and dorsopalmar distal radial approaches.Methods. Patients (n = 178) with acute coronary syndrome on whom endovascular procedure by the traditional and two options of distal radial approach were performed met the entry criteria. The classical distal radial approach was performed within an anatomic snuffbox in 65 patients (36.5%), and the dorsopalmar type was performed in 29 patients (16.3%); the traditional radial approach was performed in 84 patients (47.2%). On completion of the percutaneous coronary interventions and final radial artery angiography, hemostasis was performed with bandage application for 6 h. From the 5th to the 7th day after intervention, examination, palpation and ultrasound duplex scan were performed in every patient.Results. Examination, palpation and ultrasound duplex scan performed from the 5th to 7th day after intervention revealed 3 cases (1.7%) of forearm radial artery occlusion (high type). All the 3 cases were in the traditional radial approach group. Access side radial artery occlusion (at the anatomical snuffbox and the dorsum of the plant [local type]) with saved blood supplement on the forearm was registered in the classical distal radial approach group in 4 cases (2.3%). There were no cases of access side radial artery occlusion in the dorsopalmar group.Conclusion. The use of the distal radial approach for primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome definitely reduces the risk of radial artery occlusion of the forearm, whereas the dorsopalmar distal radial approach can be considered as a basic approach.
Received 11 May 2020. Revised 31 May 2020. Accepted 3 June 2020.
Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.
Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Author contributionsConception and design: S.P. Semitko, R.V. AkhramovichData collection and analysis: R.V. Akhramovich, I.S. MelnichenkoDrafting the article: R.V. AkhramovichCritical revision of the article: S.P. SemitkoFinal approval of the version to be published: R.V. Akhramovich, S.P. Semitko, A.V. Azarov, I.S. Melnichenko, A.I. Analeev, I.E. Chernyisheva, A.A. Tretyakov, D.G. Ioseliani
Current Landscape of Natural Products against Coronaviruses: Perspectives in COVID-19 Treatment and Anti-viral Mechanism
Authors: Shawon Jakaria , Akter Zakia , Hossen Md. Munnaf , Akter Yeasmin , Sayeed Abu , Junaid Md. , Afrose Syeda S. , Khan Md. Asaduzzaman 
Published: November 2020

Background:
SARS-CoV-2 is a coronavirus, and the infection by SARS-CoV-2, termed as
COVID-19, was first reported in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019, and this outbreak became a pandemic in February
of 2020. Till now, there is no effective drug or vaccine against this virus that can make a complete cure;
however, a number of drugs are in trials.

Objectives:
In this review, we have focused on an alternative therapeutic approach using natural products utilizing
the host anti-viral responses for resolving COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Methods:
We have searched databases like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles
related to natural products and viral diseases, with a specific focus on coronaviruses, as well as other RNA
viruses and recent updates on the COVID-19 pandemic, and collected articles and reviewed them comprehensively.

Results:
Scientific studies clarified the viral pathogenesis that involved viral entrance into host cells and anti-viral
response inside the cells, which can be effectively targeted by numerous natural compounds from different
sources. Many of these compounds can potentially target viral genomic material or protein machinery. Natural
products that were found effective against other coronaviruses, especially SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV (which
emerged in 2002 and 2012, respectively), might be effective against SARS-CoV-2 due to their structural similarities.

Conclusion:
COVID-19 pandemic is a global emergency thus, urgent drug development is necessary. Natural
products can be the biggest source of drugs, as they have been found to be effective in other coronaviruses previously;
however, time is required to establish the clinical success of these drugs for clinical applications.
The Role of Type 2 Fibroblast Growth Factor in Periodontal Therapy
Authors: Mohammadipour Hamideh Sadat , Forouzanfar Fatemeh , Forouzanfar Ali 
Published: November 2020

:
The prevalence of periodontitis is around 20-50% in the global population. If it is not
treated, it can cause tooth loss. Periodontal treatment aims at preserving the patient's teeth from
various damages, including infection control and restoring lost periodontal tissue. The periodontium
has great biological regenerative potential, and several biomaterials can be used to improve the
outcome of periodontal treatment. To achieve the goal of periodontal tissue regeneration, numerous
studies have used fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) to stimulate the regeneration of both the soft
tissue and bone.

:
FGF2 induced a significant increment in the percentage of bone fill, bone mineral levels of the defect
sites, length of the regenerated periodontal ligament, angiogenesis, connective tissue formation
on the root surface, formation of dense fibers bound to the alveolar bone and newly synthesized cementum
in teeth. This review will open further avenues to better understand the FGF2 therapy for
periodontal regeneration.