bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety levels among Iranian health care workers during the COVID-19 surge: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kaveh Mahbod , Davari-tanha Fateme , Varaei Shokoh , Shirali Elham , Shokouhi Nasim , Nazemi Pershang , Ghajarzadeh Mahsa , Feizabad Elham , Ashraf Mohammad Ali 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe recent surge in COVID-19 cases has exposed health care workers (HCWs) to a wide range of psychological stressors and predisposed them to anxiety-related disorders. Here, we investigated the anxiety level in this population. This multi-center, cross-sectional study was performed on 1038 HCWs in 14 hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) was used to measure the level of anxiety in this population. In all, 1038 hospital staffs with a mean age of 36.30±8.23 years old participated in this study. Most participants were 31 to 40 years old (43.2), female (87.6%), and nurses (49.5%). The BAI scores for the participants were in a positive skew distribution, with a score range of 0-63, a median of 12 and a mean value of 15.30±11.43. Of the 1038 hospital staff, 411 (39.6%) had moderate to severe anxiety. The anxiety level was significantly higher in health care workers ≤40 years old, women, and nurses. Gender, age, and working positions had the most relation with anxiety, respectively. It seems that HCWs experienced a high level of anxiety in the COVID-19 outbreak. One of the important measures in each epidemic is doing supportive care to maintain the mental well-being of HCWs, especially in higher risk groups, including younger HCWs, women, and nurses.
Geospatial precision simulations of community confined human interactions during SARS-CoV-2 transmission reveals bimodal intervention outcomes
Authors: Goldenbogen B , Adler SO , Bodeit O , Wodke JAH , Korman A , Bonn L , Escalera-Fanjul X , Haffner JEL , Karnetzki M , Krantz M , Maintz I , Mallis L , Moran Torres RU , Prawitz H , Segelitz PS , Seeger M , Linding R , Klipp E 
Published: May 2020

SummaryInfectious disease outbreaks challenge societies by creating dynamic stochastic infection networks between human individuals in geospatial and demographical contexts. Minimizing human and socioeconomic costs of SARS-CoV-2 and future global pandemics requires data-driven and context-specific integrative modeling of detection-tracing, healthcare, and non-pharmaceutical interventions for decision-processes and reopening strategies. Traditional population-based epidemiological models cannot simulate temporal infection dynamics for individual human behavior in specific geolocations. We present an integrated geolocalized and demographically referenced spatio-temporal stochastic network- and agent-based model of COVID-19 dynamics for human encounters in real-world communities. Simulating intervention scenarios, we quantify effects of protection and identify the importance of early introduction of test-trace measures. Critically, we observe bimodality in SARS-CoV-2 infection dynamics so that the outcome of reopening can flip between good and poor outcomes stochastically. Furthermore, intervention effectiveness depends on strict execution and temporal control i.e. leaks can prevent successful outcomes. Schools are in many scenarios hubs for transmission, reopening scenarios are impacted by infection chain stochasticity and subsequent outbreaks do not always occur. This generalizable geospatial and individualized methodology is unique in precision and specificity compared to prior COVID-19 models [6, 16, 17, 19] and is applicable to scientifically guided decision processes for communities worldwide.
Thalamus is a common locus of reading, arithmetic, and IQ: Analysis of local intrinsic functional properties
Authors: Koyama Maki S. , Molfese Peter J. , Milham Michael P. , Mencl W. Einar , Pugh Kenneth R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNeuroimaging studies of basic achievement skills, reading and arithmetic, often control for the effect of IQ to identify unique neural correlates of each skill. This may underestimate possible effects of common factors between achievement and IQ measures on neuroimaging results. Here, we simultaneously examined achievement (reading and arithmetic) and IQ measures in young adults, aiming to identify MRI correlates of their common factors. Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data were analyzed using two metrics assessing local intrinsic functional properties; regional homogeneity (ReHo) and fractional amplitude low frequency fluctuation (fALFF), measuring local intrinsic functional connectivity and intrinsic functional activity, respectively. ReHo highlighted the thalamus/pulvinar (a subcortical region implied for selective attention) as a common locus for both achievement skills and IQ. More specifically, the higher the ReHo values, the lower the achievement and IQ scores. For fALFF, the left superior parietal lobule, part of the dorsal attention network, was positively associated with reading and IQ. Collectively, our results highlight attention-related regions, particularly the thalamus/pulvinar as a key region related to individual differences in performance on all the three measures. ReHo in the thalamus/pulvinar may serve as a tool to examine brain mechanisms underlying a comorbidity of reading and arithmetic difficulties, which could co-occur with weakness in general intellectual abilities.HighlightsAchievement (reading; arithmetic) and IQ measures are simultaneously examined; not controlling for IQ.ReHo and fALFF are used to examine local intrinsic functional connectivity and activity, respectively.Higher ReHo in thalamus/pulvinar is associated with lower performance on all the three measures.Higher fALFF in the left superior parietal lobule is associated with higher word reading and IQ.
Modulation of neural activity in frontopolar cortex drives reward-based motor learning
Authors: Ruiz M Herrojo , Maudrich T , Kalloch B , Sammler D , Kenville R , Villringer A , Sehm B , Nikulin V 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDecision-making is increasingly being recognised to play a role in learning motor skills. Understanding the neural processes regulating motor decision-making is therefore essential to identify mechanisms that contribute to motor skill learning. In decision-making tasks, the frontopolar cortex (FPC) is involved in tracking the reward of different alternative choices, as well as their reliability. Whether this FPC function extends to reward landscapes associated with a continuous movement dimension remains unknown. Here we used anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right FPC to investigate its role in reward-based motor learning. Nineteen healthy human participants completed a motor sequence learning task using trial-wise reward feedback to discover a hidden performance goal along a continuous dimension: timing. As a control condition, we modulated contralateral motor cortex (left M1) activity with tDCS, which has been shown to benefit motor skill learning but less consistently reward-based motor learning. Each active tDCS condition was contrasted to sham stimulation. Right FPC-tDCS led to faster learning primarily through a regulation of exploration, without concurrent modulation of motor noise. A Bayesian computational model revealed that following rFPC-tDCS, participants had a higher expectation of reward, consistent with their faster learning. These higher reward estimates were inferred to be less volatile, and thus participants under rFPC-tDCS deemed the mapping between movement and reward to be more stable. Relative to sham, lM1-tDCS did not significantly modulate main behavioral outcomes. The results indicate that brain regions previously linked to decision-making, such as the FPC, are relevant for motor skill learning.
Impact of chromatin context on Cas9-induced DNA double-strand break repair pathway balance
Authors: Schep Ruben , Brinkman Eva K. , Leemans Christ , Vergara Xabier , Morris Ben , van Schaik Tom , Manzo Stefano G. , Peric-Hupkes Daniel , van den Berg Jeroen , Beijersbergen Roderick L. , Medema René H. , van Steensel Bas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDNA double-strand break (DSB) repair is mediated by multiple pathways, including classical non-homologous end-joining pathway (NHEJ) and several homology-driven repair pathways. This is particularly important for Cas9-mediated genome editing, where the outcome critically depends on the pathway that repairs the break. It is thought that the local chromatin context affects the pathway choice, but the underlying principles are poorly understood. Using a newly developed multiplexed reporter assay in combination with Cas9 cutting, we systematically measured the relative activities of three DSB repair pathways as function of chromatin context in >1,000 genomic locations. This revealed that NHEJ is broadly biased towards euchromatin, while microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ) is more efficient in specific heterochromatin contexts. In H3K27me3-marked heterochromatin, inhibition of the H3K27 methyltransferase EZH2 shifts the balance towards NHEJ. Single-strand templated repair (SSTR), often used for precise CRISPR editing, competes with MMEJ, and this competition is weakly associated with chromatin context. These results provide insight into the impact of chromatin on DSB repair pathway balance, and guidance for the design of Cas9-mediated genome editing experiments.
A novel platform to accelerate antimicrobial susceptibility testing inNeisseria gonorrhoeaeusing RNA signatures
Authors: Hashemi Marjan M. , Ram-Mohan Nikhil , Yang Xi , Andini Nadya , Gessner Nicholas R. , Carroll Karen C. , Wang Tza-Huei , Yang Samuel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe rise of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens can be attributed to the lack of a rapid pathogen identification (ID) or antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), resulting in delayed therapeutic decisions at the point of care. Gonorrhea is usually empirically treated with no AST results available before treatment, thus contributing to the rapid rise in drug resistance. Herein we present a rapid AST platform using RNA signatures forNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG). RNA-seq followed by bioinformatic tools were applied to explore potential markers in the transcriptome profile of NG upon minutes of azithromycin exposure. Validation of candidate markers using PCR showed that two markers (arsR(NGO1562) andrpsO) can deliver accurate AST results across 14 tested isolates. Further validation of our cutoff in comparison to MIC across 64 more isolates confirmed the reliability of our platform. Our RNA markers combined with emerging molecular point-of-care systems has the potential to greatly accelerate both ID and AST to inform treatment.
Identification of Candidate COVID-19 Therapeutics using hPSC-derived Lung Organoids
Authors: Han Yuling , Yang Liuliu , Duan Xiaohua , Duan Fuyu , Nilsson-Payant Benjamin E. , Yaron Tomer M. , Wang Pengfei , Tang Xuming , Zhang Tuo , Zhao Zeping , Bram Yaron , Redmond David , Houghton Sean , Nguyen Duc , Xu Dong , Wang Xing , Uhl Skyler , Huang Yaoxing , Johnson Jared L. , Xiang Jenny , Wang Hui , Pan Fong Cheng , Cantley Lewis C. , tenOever Benjamin R. , Ho David D. , Evans Todd , Schwartz Robert E. , Chen Huanhuan Joyce , Chen Shuibing 
Published: May 2020

Summary ParagraphThe SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused already over 3.5 million COVID-19 cases and 250,000 deaths globally. There is an urgent need to create novel models to study SARS-CoV-2 using human disease-relevant cells to understand key features of virus biology and facilitate drug screening. As primary SARS-CoV-2 infection is respiratory-based, we developed a lung organoid model using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that could be adapted for drug screens. The lung organoids, particularly aveolar type II cells, express ACE2 and are permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Transcriptomic analysis following SARS-CoV-2 infection revealed a robust induction of chemokines and cytokines with little type I/III interferon signaling, similar to that observed amongst human COVID-19 pulmonary infections. We performed a high throughput screen using hPSC-derived lung organoids and identified FDA-approved drug candidates, including imatinib and mycophenolic acid, as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 entry. Pre- or post-treatment with these drugs at physiologically relevant levels decreased SARS-CoV-2 infection of hPSC-derived lung organoids. Together, these data demonstrate that hPSC-derived lung cells infected by SARS-CoV-2 can model human COVID-19 disease and provide a valuable resource to screen for FDA-approved drugs that might be repurposed and should be considered for COVID-19 clinical trials.
Structural basis for heme-dependent NCoR binding to the transcriptional repressor REV-ERBβ
Authors: Mosure Sarah A. , Shang Jinsai , Munoz-Tello Paola , Kojetin Douglas J. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTHeme is the endogenous ligand for the constitutively repressive REV-ERB nuclear receptors, REV-ERBα (NR1D1) and REV-ERBβ (NR1D2), but how heme regulates REV-ERB activity remains unclear. While cellular studies indicate heme is required for the REV-ERBs to bind the corepressor NCoR and repress transcription, fluorescence-based biochemical assays and crystal structures suggest that heme displaces NCoR. Here, we show that heme artifactually influences detection of NCoR interaction in fluorescence-based assays. However, using fluorescence-independent methods, isothermal titration calorimetry and NMR spectroscopy, we demonstrate that heme directly increases REV-ERBβ ligand-binding domain (LBD) binding affinity for NCoR. We further report two crystal structures of REV-ERBβ LBD cobound to heme and NCoR peptides, which reveal the structural basis for heme-dependent NCoR binding to REV-ERBβ. By resolving previous contradictory biochemical, structural, and cellular studies, our findings should facilitate renewed progress toward understanding heme-dependent REV-ERB activity.
Vision does not impact walking performance in Argentine ants
Authors: Clifton G.T. , Holway D. , Gravish N. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMany walking insects use vision for long-distance navigation, but the influence of vision in detecting close-range obstacles and directing the limbs to maintain stability remains largely untested. We compared Argentine ant workers in light versus darkness while traversing flat and uneven terrain. In darkness, ants reduced flat-ground walking speeds by only 5%. Similarly, neither the approach speed nor the time to cross a step obstacle was affected by lighting. To determine if tactile sensing might compensate for vision loss, we tracked antennal motion and observed shifts in spatiotemporal activity due to terrain structure but not illumination. Together, these findings suggest that vision does not impact walking performance in Argentine ant workers. Our results help contextualize eye variation across ants, including subterranean, nocturnal, and eyeless species that walk in complete darkness. More broadly, our findings highlight the importance of integrating vision, proprioception, and tactile sensing for robust locomotion in unstructured environments.
Oxidants are dispensable for HIF1α stability in hypoxia
Authors: Kumar Amit , Vaish Manisha , Karuppagounder Saravanan S. , Gazaryan Irina , Cave John W. , Starkov Anatoly A. , Anderson Elizabeth T. , Zhang Sheng , Pinto John T. , Rountree Austin , Wang Wang , Sweet Ian R. , Ratan Rajiv R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHypoxic adaptation mediated by HIF transcription factors has been shown to require mitochondria. Current models suggest that mitochondria regulate oxygen sensor (HIF prolyl hydroxylase) activity and HIF1α stability during hypoxia by either increasing mitochondrial peroxide as a second messenger or by serving as oxygen consumers that enhance the kinetics of cytoplasmic oxygen reduction. Here, we address the role of mitochondrial peroxide specifically in regulating HIF1α stability. We use state-of-the-art tools to evaluate the role of peroxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulating HIF1α stability. We show that antioxidant enzymes are not homeostatically induced nor are peroxide levels increased in hypoxia. Forced expression of diverse antioxidant enzymes, all of which diminish peroxide, had disparate effects on HIF1α protein stability. Reduction of lipid peroxides by glutathione peroxidase-4 or superoxide by mitochondrial SOD failed to influence HIF1α protein stability. These data showed that mitochondrial, cytosolic and lipid ROS are dispensable for HIF1α stability and should affirm therapeutic efforts to activate the HIF pathway in disease states by HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibition.
Bacteremia and Blood Culture Utilization During COVID-19 Surge in New York City
Authors: Sepulveda Jorge , Westblade Lars F. , Whittier Susan , Satlin Michael J. , Greendyke William G. , Aaron Justin G. , Zucker Jason , Dietz Donald , Sobieszczyk Magdalena , Choi Justin J. , Liu Dakai , Espinal Kelvin , Russell Sarah , Camp Dennis , Connelly Charles , Green Daniel A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA surge of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presenting to New York City hospitals in March 2020 led to a sharp increase in the utilization of blood cultures, which overwhelmed the capacity of automated blood culture instruments. We sought to evaluate the utilization and diagnostic yield of blood cultures during the COVID-19 pandemic to determine prevalence and common etiologies of bacteremia, and to inform a diagnostic approach to relieve blood culture overutilization. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 88,201 blood cultures from 28,011 patients at a multicenter network of hospitals within New York City to evaluate order volume, positivity rate, time to positivity, and etiologies of positive cultures in COVID-19. Ordering volume increased by 34.8% in the second half of March 2020 compared to the first half of the month. The rate of bacteremia was significantly lower among COVID-19 patients (3.8%) than COVID-19 negative patients (8.0%) and those not tested (7.1%), p < 0.001. COVID-19 patients had a high proportion of organisms reflective of commensal skin microbiota, reducing the bacteremia rate to 1.6% when excluded. More than 98% of all positive cultures were detected within 4 days of incubation. Bloodstream infections are very rare for COVID-19 patients, which supports the judicious use of blood cultures in the absence of compelling evidence for bacterial coinfection. Clear communication with ordering providers is necessary to prevent overutilization of blood cultures during COVID-19 surges, and laboratories should consider shortening the incubation period from 5 days to 4 days to free additional capacity.
Preparation and comparative study of eco-friendly anticorrosion inhibitors based on aliphatic and aromatic compounds for electron beam curable steel coatings
Authors: Mousaa I.M. 
Published: May 2020

Purpose
In this paper, two promising corrosion inhibitors based on natural and eco-friendly materials such as peanut fatty acids (PFA) were prepared and challenged with a common efficient commercial inhibitor. Two amino derivatives based on aliphatic and aromatic compounds such as 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) and 2-amino-2-phenyl-1-propanol (APP), respectively, were used and reacted with PFA under controlled conditions to produce the corrosion inhibitors. The prepared inhibitors, namely, PFA-AMP (inhІ) and PFA-APP (inhІІ), were confirmed and characterized by Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, acid value determination and viscosity measurements.

Design/methodology/approach
First, different coating formulations free from any inhibitors were prepared and irradiated under different doses of electron beam source to select the best dose. Several concentrations of synthesized anticorrosion materials were then added to coating formulations to estimate them as anticorrosion materials for mild steel panels. Then, all formulations were coated and polymerized at a dose of 10 kGy. The corrosion tests, weight loss and water uptake were studied for all films after immersion in 3.5% sodium chloride. Moreover, the chemical and physico-mechanical properties were determined for all films.

Findings
The results exhibited that the different concentrations of two inhibitors did not show any significant change on the different properties of all films, and the best concentration, which gives the better protection for steel panels, was to be 1.0 g for two inhibitors.

Originality/value
It was found that the protection efficiency of the inhІ is better and higher than that of the inhІІ and also of the commercial inhibitor with the following order: inhІ > commercial inhibitor > inhІІ.
Forgotten effects in trade relations: a view from the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)
Authors: Rojas-Mora Julio , Chávez-Bustamante Felipe , Mondaca-Marino Cristian 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate Chinese indirect trade relations in the global trade network to observe if the objectives identified by Cai (2017) in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) are being fulfilled, especially with Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from the UNCTAD (2016) for the period 2011–2015, a normalized exports network is built. It is analyzed with the Forgotten Effects Theory and the PageRank algorithm. A Monte Carlo experiment with 10,000 replicates is performed to account for its volatility.FindingsThe paper identifies one instance in which China's peripheral countries are importing raw materials and commodities -–oil products – to produce low technological value-added products, which, in turn, are exported to China. LAC countries do not have significant indirect trade relations with China when the former is the origin country, while the latter is the destination in a trade relationship. The trade network has a clear core-periphery structure, with China belonging to its core, although being only the fourth most central node in the network.Originality/valueThis paper contributes with both a new methodology for the analysis of indirect trade relations and the results found for China under the BRI and its trade relationship with LAC economies.