bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for Normalization of RT-qPCR Analysis in Developing and Abiotic-Stressed Tissues of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica)
Authors: Lin Shoukai , Xu Shichang , Huang Liyan , Qiu Fuxiang , Zheng Yihong , Liu Qionghao , Ling Jing , Ma Shiwei , Wu Bisha , Wu Jincheng 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: Loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) is a subtropical evergreen fruit tree that produces fruits with abundant nutrients and medicinal components. Confirming suitable reference genes for a set of loquat samples before qRT-PCR experiments is essential for the accurate quantification of gene expression.Results: In this study, eight candidate reference genes were selected from our previously published RNA-seq data, and primers for each candidate reference gene were designed and evaluated. The Cq values of the candidate reference genes were calculated by RT-qPCR in 31 different loquat samples, including 12 subgroups of developing or abiotic-stressed tissues. Different combinations of stable reference genes were screened according to a comprehensive rank, which was synthesized from the results of four algorithms, including the geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and ΔCt methods. The screened reference genes were verified by normalizing EjLGA1 in each subgroup. The obtained suitable combinations of reference genes for accurate normalization were GAPDH , EF1α and ACT for floral development; GAPDH , UBCE and ACT for fruit setting; EF1α , GAPDH and eIF2B for fruit ripening; ACT , EF1α and UBCE for leaves under heat stress; eIF2B , UBCE and EF1α for leaves under freezing stress; EF1α , TUA and UBCE for leaves under salt stress; ACT , EF1α and eIF2B for immature pulp under freezing stress; ACT , UBCE and eIF2B for immature seeds under freezing stress; EF1α , eIF2B and UBCE for both immature pulp and seeds under freezing stress; UBCE , TUB and TUA for red-fleshed fruits under cold-storage stress; eIF2B , RPS3 and TUB for white-fleshed fruits under cold-storage stress; and eIF2B, UBCE and RPS3 for both red- and white-fleshed fruits under cold-storage stress.Conclusions: This study obtained different combinations of stable reference genes for accurate normalization in twelve subgroups of developing or abiotic-stressed tissues in loquat. The use of the three most stable reference genes could increase the reliability of future quantification experiments.
Nutritional Analysis and Overall Diet Quality of Fresh and Sun-dried Mystus bleekeri
Authors: Goswami Sanchari , Manna Kuntal 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Mystus bleekeri (M. bleekeri) is a small, freshwater catfish, with a maximum
length of 15.5cm, which belongs to family Bagridae and order Siluriformes. It can be consumed
both in fresh and processed form. Sun-drying is one of the most important traditional methods
for processing M. bleekeri. However, neither fresh nor sun-dried M. bleekeri is normally consumed
in raw form. Various cooking methods are applied to prepare them.

Objective:
The objective of the present study is to estimate the nutritional values of fresh and sundried
Mystus bleekeri and evaluate the effect of different cooking methods on their nutrient contents.

Methods:
Proximate Analysis of minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids was performed using sophisticated
analytical instruments.

Results:
Changes in various micronutrients and macronutrients were observed in the present study.
The total amount of fat and ash content was found to be higher after frying in a fresh sample of M.
bleekeri. Mineral content was found to be higher in sun-dried fish whereas that was reduced after
boiling. Aspartic acid was the major component of fish protein. Saturated fatty acids were the most
abundant in both fresh and sun-dried M. bleekeri which were increased through frying.

Conclusion:
The present experiment showed that after frying, minerals and fatty acids content exhibited
higher concentration in both fresh and sun-dried M. bleekeri which is good for human health.
Sauerkraut with the Addition of Lactobacillus casei: Effects of Salt and Sugar Concentrations on Fermentation and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Zubaidah Elok , Arum Mentari S. , Widyaningsih Tri D. , Rahayu Aldila P. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Spontaneous fermentations have several disadvantages, and additions of lactic
acid bacteria can improve sauerkraut fermentations and quality. Salt and sugar concentrations are
important factors in sauerkraut fermentations, and the growth and activity of lactic acid bacteria can
affect antioxidant activity of sauerkrauts.

Objective:
This study developed sauerkrauts with the addition of Lactobacillus casei and investigated
how salt and sugar concentrations affected their fermentation and antioxidant activity.

Methods:
A fresh cabbage was washed and cut, before salt (1.0%; 1.5% and 2.0%) and sugar (0%
and 2.0%) were added, prior to inoculation with a L.casei culture at 10% (v/w). The cabbage was
then incubated at 28oC for 5 days. The controlled lactic fermentation of the cabbage without culture
and sugar, but with salt at 2.5% was performed. The sauerkrauts were evaluated for total lactic acid
bacteria, pH, total acidity, phenolic content and DPPH scavenging activity.

Results:
The fermentation increased the total lactic acid bacteria counts in the sauerkrauts from 1.38
x 109to 3.86 x 109 cfu/mL, and this demonstrated significant (p<0.05) direct salt and sugar effects.
The high salt and sugar concentrations also increased the total acidity, antioxidant activity and phenolic
content, but lowered the pH of the sauerkrauts. The additives (L.casei culture, salt and sugar),
therefore, improved the sauerkraut fermentation and antioxidant activity compared to the control.

Conclusion:
With added sugar and salt, L. casei improved the sauerkraut fermentation and antioxidant
activity, and both sugar and salt can each be added at a low (2%) concentration for maximum
effects.
Nanostructured Titanium Alloys Surface Modification Technology for Antibacterial and Osteogenic Properties
Authors: Wang Qingge , Wu Laizhi , Liu Shifeng , Cao Peng , Yang Junlin , Wang Liqiang 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are potential metal materials in dental and orthopedic
applications, due to their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Despite
these properties, revision surgery is painful for millions of patients and may cause secondary injury,
calling for a solution to this issue. Compared to antibiotics used in a clinical context, novel biomaterials
display powerful application potential due to their stronger antibacterial activity, reduced
drug resistance and excellent biocompatibility. Antibacterial ions have a crucial effect, particularly
for nanostructured metals.

Objective:
This review focuses on the antibacterial functions and osteogenic properties of surface
modification based on Ag, Zn, Cu and other nonmetallic ions.

Methods:
The first part of the review briefly describes the issues with bacterial infection of Ti implants.
The methods of surface modification are then introduced in detail. Lastly, other strategies
used to improve antibacterial and osteogenic properties are also provided.

Conclusion:
Although anti-infective research is valuable, there is still a gap present between theoretical
strategies and those that are clinically implemented strategies. There is an urgent need to transform
the findings of research into clinical applications.
Energy Performance of Dwellings in a Temperate Climate Area of Argentina. An Architectural Proposal
Authors: Sulaiman Halimi , Sipowicz Eugenia , Filippín Celina , Oga Lautaro 
Published: February 2020

Aim:
The research aimed at carrying out a global comparative synthesis of the results of monitoring thermal energy behavior of single-family dwellings and apartments located in the city of Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina; and describing an architectural proposal that considers use of resources (land, morphology, materials and energy), lifestyle of inhabitants (qualitative variables) and critical analysis of the historical problems of the housing deficit in Argentina.

Methods:
The work includes a typological analysis of clusters of dimensional, morphological and thermo-physical indicators, energy performance and inhabitant’s behavior. Regarding energy heating consumption, multifamily buildings consume 52% less energy than the average single-family dwellings.

Results:
An architectural proposal taken into account the use of resources and energy efficiency strategies to give an answer to the housing deficit of the area under study showed that the densification of housing provides significant energy and economic benefits, especially if one incorporates passive solar design principles. Apartment blocks (B) and single-family dwellings (H) show 114.3 and 47.6 dwelling/hectare, and as a result, 39.4 and 16.4 inhabitant/hectare.

Conclusion:
Heating energy saving of B in relation to H is around 32% and the envelope’s cost is reduced to 47%. Argentina’s energy scenario, the possibility of reviewing regulations and building codes, the region’s growth trend in housing construction, the process of building labelling, among others, require a thorough analysis of the information on characteristics of building stock and its energy performance.
Clinical and Forensic Aspects of Pharmacobezoars
Authors: Basílio Francisco , Dinis-Oliveira Ricardo Jorge 
Published: February 2020

Background:Pharmacobezoars are specific types of bezoars formed when medicines, such as tablets, suspensions, and/or drug delivery systems, aggregate and may cause death by occluding airways with tenacious material or by eluting drugs resulting in toxic or lethal blood concentrations.Objective:This work aims to fully review the state-of-the-art regarding pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and other relevant clinical and forensic features of pharmacobezoars.Results:Patients of a wide range of ages and of both sexes present with signs and symptoms of intoxications or more commonly gastrointestinal obstructions. The exact mechanisms of pharmacobezoar formation are unknown but are likely multifactorial. The diagnosis and treatment depend on the gastrointestinal segment affected and should be personalized to the medication and the underlying factor. A good and complete history, physical examination, image tests, upper endoscopy, and surgery through laparotomy of the lower tract are useful for diagnosis and treatment.Conclusion:Pharmacobezoars are rarely seen in clinical and forensic practice. They are related to controlled or immediate-release formulations, liquid, or non-digestible substances, in normal or altered digestive motility/anatomy tract, and in overdoses or therapeutic doses, and should be suspected in the presence of risk factors or patients taking drugs which may form pharmacobezoars.
Behavior of Self-compacting Mortars Based on Waste Brick Powder
Authors: Si-Ahmed Mohammed , Kenai Said 
Published: February 2020

Aims:
Study the performance of self-compacting mortar (SCM) using waste
ground brick as cement replacement material.

Background:
Large amounts of brick waste are produced in brick manufacturing plants and
construction and demolition sites. The use of these bricks as partial substitution to natural
aggregates or after crushing as fines for partial cement substitution could contribute to reduce
the problem of waste storage and environmental pollution as well as in the conservation
of natural resources.

Objective:
The objective of this paper is to study the effect of adding waste ground brick on
the performance of SCM at the fresh and hardened state.

Methods:
It is an experimental investigation where mortar specimens where cement was
partially substituted by crushed recycled bricks fines recovered from a brick plant. The level
of substitution was either 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% 20% and 25% by weight of cement. Workability
was measured by slump flow and flow time by V-funnel test. Compressive strength and water
absorption by capillary were measured on 40x40x160 mm3 prismatic specimens.

Results:
The experimental results show that self-compacting mortar can be obtained up to
25% of cement substitution by brick powders. The compressive strength was improved at
long term for up to 15% cement substitution by brick powder. The sorptivity coefficient is
increased by incorporation of brick waste powder.

Conclusion:
The substitution of cement by waste ground brick powder up to 15% of waste
brick powder has little influence on the rheological parameters of self-compacting mortar
and the compressive strength is increased at the long term. Further investigations are underway
to study the shrinkage, the long term durability and the pore size distribution by mercury
porosimetry.
Life Course Socioeconomic Status, Allostatic Load, and Kidney Health in Black Americans
Authors: Lunyera Joseph , Stanifer John W. , Davenport Clemontina A. , Mohottige Dinushika , Bhavsar Nrupen A. , Scialla Julia J. , Pendergast Jane , Boulware L. Ebony , Diamantidis Clarissa Jonas 
Published: February 2020

Background and objectives
Low socioeconomic status confers unfavorable health, but the degree and mechanisms by which life course socioeconomic status affects kidney health is unclear.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We examined the association between cumulative lifetime socioeconomic status and CKD in black Americans in the Jackson Heart Study. We used conditional process analysis to evaluate allostatic load as a potential mediator of this relation. Cumulative lifetime socioeconomic status was an age-standardized z-score, which has 1-SD units by definition, and derived from self-reported childhood socioeconomic status, education, and income at baseline. Allostatic load encompassed 11 baseline biomarkers subsuming neuroendocrine, metabolic, autonomic, and immune physiologic systems. CKD outcomes included prevalent CKD at baseline and eGFR decline and incident CKD over follow-up.

Results
Among 3421 participants at baseline (mean age 55 years [SD 13]; 63% female), cumulative lifetime socioeconomic status ranged from −3.3 to 2.3, and 673 (20%) had prevalent CKD. After multivariable adjustment, lower cumulative lifetime socioeconomic status was associated with greater prevalence of CKD both directly (odds ratio [OR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.04 to 1.33 per 1 SD and OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.83 in lowest versus highest tertile) and via higher allostatic load (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.12 per 1 SD and OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.24 in lowest versus highest tertile). After a median follow-up of 8 years (interquartile range, 7–8 years), mean annual eGFR decline was 1 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (SD 2), and 254 out of 2043 (12%) participants developed incident CKD. Lower cumulative lifetime socioeconomic status was only indirectly associated with greater CKD incidence (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.07 per 1 SD and OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.14 in lowest versus highest tertile) and modestly faster annual eGFR decline, in milliliters per minute (OR, 0.01; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.02 per 1 SD and OR, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.04 in lowest versus highest tertile), via higher baseline allostatic load.

Conclusions
Lower cumulative lifetime socioeconomic status was substantially associated with CKD prevalence but modestly with CKD incidence and eGFR decline via baseline allostatic load.
Peran Legislatif Perempuan Dalam Pembentukan Qanun di DPRA Periode 2014-2019 Tinjaun Dari Perspektif Islam
Authors: Usman Bustamam 
Published: February 2020

Peran merupakan keikutsertaan dalam kegiatan baik dilembaga maupun masyarakat. Salah satu peran dan kedudukan perempuan di DPRA adalah dalam proses pembentukan Qanun. Qanun merupakan produk hukum yang dibuat oleh DPRA bersama dengan gubernur Aceh yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintahan Aceh. Dalam hal ini yang menjadi rumusan masalahnya adalah bagaimana peran perempuan pada masa sultaniah sampai sekarang dan bagaimana kedudukan perempuan selama perempuan tersebut terlibat dalam pembentukan tersebut dengan tinjauan hukum Islam. Adapun yang menjadi tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji bagaimana peran perempuan dalam pembentukan Qanun di DPRA selama menjabat sebagai anggota legislatif untuk mengetahui kendala dan peluang yang dihadapi oleh politikus perempuan dalam pembentukan Qanun. Penulis melakukan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan normatif empiris yaitu penelitian hukum mengenai pemberlakuan ketentuan hukum normatif (kodifikasi, Undang-Undang atau kontrak) secara in action pada setiap peristiwa hukum tertentu yang terjadi dalam masyarakat. Sumber data yang diambil oleh penulis, melalui sumber data primer dan data sekunder. Sumber data primer melalui penelitian lapangan yaitu dengan melakukan wawancara dengan anggota DPRA. Sedangkan sumber data sekunder melalui penelitian keperpustakaan yaitu dengan dokumen dan daftar buku bacaan yang terkait. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan penulis adalah peran perempuan dalam proses pembentukan qanun hanya sebagai anggota yang mengusulkan, member pendapat dan kritikan, jarang ada perempuan yang menjadi ketua ketika rancangan Qanun tersebut, dalam Islam pun perempuan hanya sebagai pemberi masukan yang memutuskan yaitu Rasullullah seperti pada perjanjian Hudaibiyah.
Investigación en información y comunicación para la ciudadanía: una experiencia educativa de inclusión social
Authors: Cuevas-Cerveró Aurora 
Published: February 2020

Atender las necesidades básicas de alfabetización de los ciudadanos es una tarea compleja teniendo en cuenta los niveles educativos cada vez más altos requeridos por las sociedades modernas así como la transformación del proceso mismo de alfabetización que hoy ha de incluir las dimensiones relativas a la tecnología, la información y la comunicación. Si trasladamos esta tarea a los sectores más vulnerables de la población nos encontramos ante un gran desafío para crear una metodología de trabajo que permita la integración social de estos sectores. Presentamos resultados de una investigación desarrollada en el nordeste de Brasil que ha tenido como objetivo promover la formación en competencias digitales, informacionales y de comunicación a partir de acciones educativas multidisciplinares dirigida al profesorado y enfocadas a los procesos educativos de la ciudadanía para el acceso a la información atendiendo a tres ejes temáticos: información para salud, información para el acceso a la administración y servicios públicos y acceso a información sobre empleo. Los resultados iniciales indican que las directrices del Curriculum para Profesores sobre Alfabetización Mediática e Informacional de UNESCO resultan especialmente valiosas en los programas pedagógicos de inclusión social. Los trabajos presentados por los profesores participantes tras recibir la formación han resultado de una gran calidad y muestran la necesidad de la formación permanente del profesorado en la búsqueda de la excelencia, especialmente relevante en el trabajo de tipo social. Por otra parte los contenidos presentados fomentan el empoderamiento de la ciudadanía, lo cual implica desarrollar habilidades para defender objetivos y transmitir capacidad de acción.
A vida secreta dos metadados no wikidata: um enfoque sobre o sentido na (Web) Semântica Formal
Authors: Monteiro Silvana Drumond 
Published: February 2020

Desde o anúncio da Web Semântica, até o presente momento, muitas tecnologias e inovações foram desenvolvidas para dar corpo e efetividade ao conceito. Essa teia de significações é composta por linguagens e tecnologias semânticas, como o XML (eXtensible Markup Language), RDF (Resource Description Framework), Declarações, entre outras que estruturam os dados que perambulam pelo ciberespaço, formando grandes bases de conhecimento, como o Wikidata (Wikimedia Foundation). A lógica principal da Web Semântica está em descrever as entidades (coisas) do mundo real e vinculá-las a outras, para que essa rede de significações possa ser ativada, recuperada e interpretada pelas máquinas e humanos. A pesquisa de delineamento documental teve como corpus de pesquisa o Wikidata. A investigação visou perscrutar essa base para apreensão da estruturação de metadados para responder a questão: que tipo de Semântica estaria sendo produzida em uma base de conhecimento? Como resultado, observou-se que a Semântica Formal é a base para a geração de metadados, entretanto, no paradigma pós-moderno, o sentido – e a própria Semântica - são um fenômeno sociotécnico no ciberespaço.
Modelo de dados abertos conectados para informação legislativa
Authors: Brandt Mariana Baptista , Vidotti Silvana Aparecida Borsetti Gregorio , Santarem Segundo José Eduardo 
Published: February 2020

A presente pesquisa objetiva propor um modelo de dados abertos conectados (linked open data - LOD), para um conjunto de dados abertos legislativos da Câmara dos Deputados. Para tanto, procede-se à revisão de literatura sobre os conceitos de dados abertos, dados abertos governamentais, dados conectados (linked data), e dados abertos conectados (linked open data), seguido de pesquisa aplicada, com a modelagem de dados legislativos no modelo LOD. Para esta pesquisa foi selecionado o conjunto de dados "Deputados", que contém informações como partido político, unidade federativa, e-mail, legislatura, entre outras, sobre os parlamentares. Desse modo, observa-se que a estruturação do conjunto de dados em RDF (Resource Description Framework) é possível com reuso de vocabulários e padrões já estabelecidos na Web Semântica como Dublin Core, Friend of a Friend (FOAF), RDF e RDF Schema, além de vocabulários de áreas correlatas, como a Ontologia da Câmara dos Deputados italiana e a da Assembleia Nacional Francesa. Conforme recomendação do padrão Linked Data, os recursos foram relacionados também a outros conjuntos de LOD para enriquecimento semântico, como as bases Geonames e DBpedia. O estudo que permite concluir que a disponibilização dos dados governamentais, em especial, dados legislativos, pode ser feita seguindo as recomendações da W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) e, assim, integrar os dados legislativos à Web de Dados e ampliar as possibilidades de reuso e aplicações dos dados em ações de transparência e fiscalização, aproximando os cidadãos do Congresso e de seus representantes.
A pesca de acari (Pterygoplichthys pardalis) na várzea do Baixo Amazonas, Pará, Brasil: Aspectos estruturais e socioeconômicos
Authors: Marinho Lima Ericleya Mota , Brasil Santos Paulo Roberto , Porto Braga Tony Marcos , Gibbs McGrath David 
Published: February 2020

No Baixo Amazonas, a espécie Pterygoplichthys pardalis, popularmente conhecida na região como acari, é uma das dez principais espécies das pescarias regionais e, por este motivo, o presente trabalho visou caracterizar a pesca desta espécie em três comunidades de várzea. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com pescadores para a obtenção de dados, bem como a medição do comprimento total (cm) de espécimes. Constatou-se que a pesca de acari é importante tanto para o consumo quanto para a economia das famílias. As capturas ocorrem com mais frequência entre julho e novembro (período de vazante e seca) utilizando tarrafas. Os acaris, diferente da maioria dos peixes amazônicos, são comercializados vivos e em unidades. Em uma das comunidades também é vendido em forma de farinha (piracuí) produzida artesanalmente. Os lagos de várzea são os principais ambientes de captura da espécie ao longo do ano. Há diferenças significativas (F= 13; p= 2,67x10-6) no comprimento médio corporal do acari entre as comunidades. Os resultados apresentados contribuem para o entendimento de como a pesca do acari se desenvolve atualmente na área de estudo e podem auxiliar no manejo e na conservação deste recurso de elevada importância pesqueira para o Baixo Amazonas.
Palavras-chave: Amazônia; pesca artesanal; planície inundável; gestão pesqueira.