bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of granulocyte colony–stimulating factor prophylaxis in patients with cancer receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy
Authors: Gawade Prasad L. , Li Shuling , Henry David , Smith Nancy , Belani Rajesh , Kelsh Michael A. , Bradbury Brian D. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate patterns of primary prophylactic (PP) granulocyte colony–stimulating factor (G-CSF) use following chemotherapy by cancer type and febrile neutropenia (FN) risk.

Methods
Using a commercial administrative database, we identified adult patients diagnosed with breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian cancer, or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) who initiated chemotherapy with high risk (HR) or intermediate risk (IR) for FN between January 1, 2013, and August 31, 2017. We describe use of PP-G-CSF, proportion completing all their cycles with pegfilgrastim, timing of pegfilgrastim, and duration of short-acting G-CSF.

Results
Among 22,868 patients (breast 11,513; colorectal 3765; lung 4273; ovarian 1287; and NHL 2030), 36.8% received HR and 63.2% received IR (64.4% of whom had ≥ 1 risk factor [RF] for FN). Proportions of patients receiving PP-G-CSF in the first cycle were 76.1%, 28.2%, and 26.4% among patients receiving HR, IR, and IR plus ≥ 1 RF, respectively. Among breast cancer patients receiving HR regimens and initiating PP-pegfilgrastim, 60.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 57.2–63.6%) initiating via on-body injector (OBI) and 51.9% (95% CI 48.0–55.8%) initiating via prefilled syringe (PFS) completed all their cycles with OBI and PFS, respectively. Among all cycles with PP-PFS, 8.5% received PFS on the same day as chemotherapy completion. Mean administrations/cycle were 3.2 (standard deviation [SD] 2.3) for filgrastim, 3.0 (SD 1.6) for filgrastim-sndz, and 4.3 (SD 2.5) for tbo-filgrastim.

Conclusions
There is under- and mistimed use of PP-G-CSF among patients at HR for FN. Novel pegfilgrastim delivery devices could help breast cancer patients at HR for FN complete all their cycles with timely prophylaxis.
Results at 3-year follow-up of totally extraperitoneal (TEP) hernia surgery with long-term resorbable mesh
Authors: Ruiz-Jasbon F. , Ticehurst K. , Ahonen J. , Norrby J. , Falk P. , Ivarsson M.-L. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction
Synthetic non-resorbable mesh is almost standard in hernia surgery. However, several studies have showed negative effects of permanent implants such as chronic inflammation and complications involving different organs bordering the mesh. Such complications can raise the risk of chronic post-operative pain (CPP). Recently promising results regarding CPP have been published in patients with Lateral Inguinal Hernia (LIH) using a slowly resorbable mesh in Lichtenstein technique. For this reason the aim of the present study was to find the effect of a slowly resorbable implant on the long-term rate of hernia recurrence and chronic post-operative pain in patients with LIH repaired with TEP procedure.

Methods
Prospective pilot study of TEP repair using TIGR® Matrix Surgical Mesh in 35 primary LIH. At 3-year follow-up the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Inguinal Pain Questionnaire were employed to assess pain. Recurrence was determined by ultrasound and clinical examination.

Results
All patients completed the pain questionnaires but one patient did not attend the planned clinical examination for the 3-year follow-up. No patients had CPP, as defined in the World Guidelines for Groin Hernia Management. Almost all patients had lower VAS score in any activity 3 years following surgery in comparison to the preoperative period. Three patients (8.8%) suffered symptomatic recurrence during the 3-year follow-up.

Conclusion
TEP repair in patients with LIH using a synthetic long-term resorbable mesh was found to be encouraging respecting chronic post-operative pain at 3-year follow-up but at the cost of an increased risk of recurrence.
Trait-dependent resemblance of the flowering phenology and floral morphology of the allopolyploid Cardamine flexuosa to those of the parental diploids in natural habitats
Authors: Akiyama Reiko , Milosavljevic Stefan , Leutenegger Matthias , Shimizu-Inatsugi Rie 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAllopolyploids possess complete sets of genomes derived from different parental species and exhibit a range of variation in various traits. Reproductive traits may play a key role in the reproductive isolation between allopolyploids and their parental species, thus affecting the thriving of allopolyploids. However, empirical data, especially in natural habitats, comparing reproductive trait variation between allopolyploids and their parental species remain rare. Here, we documented the flowering phenology and floral morphology of the allopolyploid wild plantCardamine flexuosaand its diploid parentsC. amaraandC. hirsutain their native range in Switzerland. The flowering ofC. flexuosastarted at an intermediate time compared with those of the parents and the flowering period ofC. flexuosaoverlapped with those of the parents.Cardamine flexuosaresembledC. hirsutain the size of flowers and petals and the length/width ratio of petals, while it resembledC. amarain the length/width ratio of flowers. These results provide empirical evidence of the trait-dependent variation of allopolyploid phenotypes in natural habitats at the local scale. They also suggest that the variation in some reproductive traits inC. flexuosais associated with self-fertilization. Therefore, it is helpful to consider the mating system in furthering the understanding of the processes that may have shaped trait variation in polyploids in nature.
Differences in the recommendation of laparoscopic clinical practice guidelines according to the recommendation system—Re-evaluation using GRADE
Authors: Leung J. , Ng A. , Gurusamy K. 
Published: January 2020

Summary
Background
Guidelines are essential for safe and effective treatment. They usually have multiple statements. Since the supporting information for the guidelines varies widely, the degree to which these statements are recommended also differ. We rely on recommendation systems for grading the recommendations for different statements. All recommendation systems have different grading criteria and they could potentially cause confusion and affect the quality of recommendations. Therefore, there is a need to determine the extent of variation and explore the potential reasons behind it.

Methods
A purposive sampling on PubMed was conducted to find four different laparoscopic guidelines using different methods to grade the recommendations. Each statement was then re-evaluated using the GRADE recommendation system.

Results
The guidelines used GRADE, Oxford Methodology, SIGN, and ‘bespoke’ systems. The number of statements with similar strength for the different statements as the re-evaluated strengths in the four guidelines were 24.1, 62.2, 35.8 and 50.0% respectively.

Conclusion
There were a wide variety of recommendation systems for laparoscopic guidelines and there were differences between the recommendations from the guidelines using GRADE, Oxford Methodology, SIGN and the ‘Bespoke’ system when re-evaluated by GRADE. A systematic review of recent laparoscopic guidelines might provide the extent and the main reasons of the problem.
A Priori Assessment of Subgrid-Scale Models and Numerical Error in Forced Convective Flow at High Prandtl Numbers
Authors: Sufrà Lorenzo , Steiner Helfried 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAn extensive a priori analysis has been carried out on data from Direct numerical simulation of fully developed heated turbulent pipe flow at high molecular Prandtl numbers $$Pr=10$$

P
r
=
10

/20, testing three popular modelling candidates for subgrid-scale closure in Large-Eddy simulation (LES). Aside from assessing the models’ capabilities to describe quantitatively the unresolved turbulent fluxes, a special focus is also put on the role of the numerical error, which arises from the discretization of the filtered advective fluxes on a coarse LES grid. The present analysis extends here previous studies on subgrid-scale momentum transport in a isothermal mixing layer and channel flow carried out by Brandt (J Numer Methods Fluids 51: 635–657, 2006) and Vreman et al. (J Eng Math 29: 299–327, 1995), respectively, to the subgrid-scale transport of heat at high Prandtl numbers. The statistical dependence between the individual contributions (resolved, subgrid-scale, numerical discretization error) constituting the filtered advective flux divergence in the LES formulation is investigated as well, in terms of corresponding cross-correlations. The sensitivity of the tested sgs-models to a grid refinement is further examined performing also a posteriori LES, where the basically more sophisticated candidates turn out to be more demanding in terms of required grid resolution.
The Internalization of Social Stigma Among Minor-Attracted Persons: Implications for Treatment
Authors: Lievesley Rebecca , Harper Craig A. , Elliott Helen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this article, we sought to build on existing stigmatization research by examining the extent to which internalized stigmatization (i.e., the personal adoption and incorporation of social views, operationalized as thought suppression—an avoidant coping strategy—and low psychological well-being) among minor-attracted persons (MAPs) may impact upon help-seeking behaviors and their avoidance of children. We adopted a cross-sectional anonymous survey design to recruit a sample of self-identified MAPs (N = 183) from prominent online support fora. We found that increased levels of suppression and lower levels of psychological well-being were associated with lower levels of hope about the future, but higher levels of both shame and guilt about having a sexual interest in minors. Thought suppression was not significantly associated with outcomes related to help-seeking behaviors, but did significantly predict higher rates of actively avoiding children, even after controlling for psychological well-being and other emotional variables. Independently, lower levels of self-reported psychological well-being were associated with a desire for more support and higher rates of actively avoiding children. We explore the potential implications of our data in relation to treating and supporting MAPs within the community, increasing their well-being, and encouraging help-seeking behavior.
Marine macroalgae as food for earthworms: growth and selection experiments across ecotypes
Authors: Butt Kevin Richard , Méline Camille , Pérès Guénola 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHistorically, subsistence farmers around the Atlantic coast of NW Europe utilized marine algae as a fertilizer in agroecosystems, a practice that continued in small areas and is now considered to have real potential for re-establishing sustainable food production systems on marginal soils. Earthworms form a significant component of soil fauna, and their ecosystem services are well-documented. Therefore, palatability of marine organic amendments to faunal detritivores of terrestrial systems is of interest. This work aimed to assess the potential for growth ofAporrectodea caliginosa,Lumbricus rubellusandAporrectodea longafed with two common macroalgae (seaweeds),Laminaria digitataandFucus serratus. In addition, choice chambers were constructed to permit earthworm selection of these macroalgae with more conventional organic materials, horse manure (HM) and birch leaves (BL). Over a period of 2 months, earthworm species showed significantly greater mass gain with conventional food (p < 0.05).LaminariaoutperformedFucus, which in turn was superior to soil alone. Similarly, when given a choice, a significant preference (p < 0.001) was shown for the more nitrogen-rich HM and BL over the seaweeds. No removal was recorded forA. caliginosawhen offered seaweeds only. By contrast,L. rubellusandA. longashowed significant preferences (p < 0.001) forLaminariaoverFucusand fresh material over degraded. These results underline an interest to profit from natural resources (seaweeds) to maintain or improve soil biological quality in marginal coastal areas.
Isogeometric topology optimization based on energy penalization for symmetric structure
Authors: Xie Xianda , Wang Shuting , Ye Ming , Xia Zhaohui , Zhao Wei , Jiang Ning , Xu Manman 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe present an energy penalization method for isogeometric topology optimization using moving morphable components (ITO-MMC), propose an ITO-MMC with an additional bilateral or periodic symmetric constraint for symmetric structures, and then extend the proposed energy penalization method to an ITO-MMC with a symmetric constraint. The energy penalization method can solve the problems of numerical instability and convergence for the ITO-MMC and the ITO-MMC subjected to the structural symmetric constraint with asymmetric loads. Topology optimization problems of asymmetric, bilateral symmetric, and periodic symmetric structures are discussed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed energy penalization approach. Compared with the conventional ITO-MMC, the energy penalization method for the ITO-MMC can improve the convergence rate from 18.6% to 44.5% for the optimization of the asymmetric structure. For the ITO-MMC under a bilateral symmetric constraint, the proposed method can reduce the objective value by 5.6% and obtain a final optimized topology that has a clear boundary with decreased iterations. For the ITO-MMC under a periodic symmetric constraint, the proposed energy penalization method can dramatically reduce the number of iterations and obtain a speedup of more than 2.
Evolution and taxonomy of nematode-associated entomopathogenic bacteria of the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus: an overview
Authors: Sajnaga Ewa , Kazimierczak Waldemar 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEntomopathogenic bacteria from the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus are closely related Gram-negative bacilli from the family Enterobacteriaceae (γ-Proteobacteria). They establish obligate mutualistic associations with soil nematodes from the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis to facilitate insect pathogenesis. The research of these two bacterial genera is focused mainly on their unique interactions with two different animal hosts, i.e. nematodes and insects. So far, studies of the mutualistic bacteria of nematodes collected from around the world have contributed to an increase in the number of the described Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus species. Recently, the classification system of entomopatogenic nematode microsymbionts has undergone profound revision and now 26 species of the genus Xenorhabdus and 19 species of the genus Photorhabdus have been identified. Despite their similar life style and close phylogenetic origin, Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus bacterial species differ significantly in e.g. the nematode host range, symbiotic strategies for parasite success, and arrays of released antibiotics and insecticidal toxins. As the knowledge of the diversity of entomopathogenic nematode microsymbionts helps to enable the use thereof, assessment of the phylogenetic relationships of these astounding bacterial genera is now a major challenge for researchers. The present article summarizes the main information on the taxonomy and evolutionary history of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, entomopathogenic nematode symbionts.
Intra-articular Injection Administration in UK Ex-professional Footballers During Their Playing Careers and the Association with Post-career Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Fernandes Gwen S. , Parekh Sanjay M. , Moses Jonathan P. , Fuller Colin W. , Scammell Brigitte E. , Batt Mark E. , Zhang Weiya , Doherty Michael 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
The long-term risk from knee intra-articular (KIA) injections in professional athletes such as ex-footballers remains unknown. The use of KIA injections is controversial and remains anecdotally prolific as it is perceived as being safe/beneficial. The aim of this study was to determine the number, type and frequency KIA injections administered to retired professional footballers during their playing careers and the associations with post-career knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study involving a postal questionnaire (n = 1207) and subsequent knee radiographs in a random sample of questionnaire responders (n = 470). Footballers self-reported in the questionnaire whether they had received KIA injections and the estimated total number over the course of their playing career. Participant characteristics and football career-related details were also recorded. KOA was measured as self-reported knee pain (KP), total knee replacement (TKR) and radiographic KOA (RKOA).

Results
44.5% of footballers had received at least one KIA injection (mean: 7.5; SD ± 11.2) during their professional career. 71% of knee injections were cortisone/corticosteroid based. Multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI) and significant knee injury identified that footballers with injections were two times more likely to have KP (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.40–2.34) and TKR (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.43–3.42) than those without injections. However, there was no association with RKOA (OR 1.30, 95% CI 0.85–2.01). Given, the association with KP and TKR, we found a significant dose–response relationship as the more injections a player received (by dose–response groups), the greater the risk of KP and TKR outcomes after adjustment for knee injury and other confounders (p for trend < 0.01).

Conclusion
On average, 8 KIA injections were given to the ex-footballers during their professional career. The most commonly administered injections were cortisone based. These injections associated with KP and TKR after they retired. The associations are independent of knee injuries and are dose dependent. The study suggests that there may have been excessive use of KIA injections to expedite return to play and this contributed to detrimental long-term outcomes such as KP and TKR post-retirement from professional football.
Biomimic Vein-Like Transparent Conducting Electrodes with Low Sheet Resistance and Metal Consumption
Authors: Jia Guobin , Plentz Jonathan , Dellith Andrea , Schmidt Christa , Dellith Jan , Schmidl Gabriele , Andrä Gudrun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this contribution, inspired by the excellent resource management and material transport function of leaf veins, the electrical transport function of metallized leaf veins is mimicked from the material transport function of the vein networks. By electroless copper plating on real leaf vein networks with copper thickness of only several hundred nanometre up to several micrometre, certain leaf veins can be converted to transparent conductive electrodes with an ultralow sheet resistance 100 times lower than that of state-of-the-art indium tin oxide thin films, combined with a broadband optical transmission of above 80% in the UV–VIS–IR range. Additionally, the resource efficiency of the vein-like electrode is characterized by the small amount of material needed to build up the networks and the low copper consumption during metallization. In particular, the high current density transport capability of the electrode of > 6000 A cm−2 was demonstrated. These superior properties of the vein-like structures inspire the design of high-performance transparent conductive electrodes without using critical materials and may significantly reduce the Ag consumption down to < 10% of the current level for mass production of solar cells and will contribute greatly to the electrode for high power density concentrator solar cells, high power density Li-ion batteries, and supercapacitors.
Disparitäten bei Grundschulkindern bezüglich computer- und informationsbezogener Kompetenzen im Bereich Produzieren und Präsentieren
Authors: Köhn Verena , Fricke Katharina , Todorova Maria , Windt Anna 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungForschungsbefunde zeigen, dass bei deutschen Schülerinnen und Schülern des achten Jahrgangs Disparitäten hinsichtlich computer- und informationsbezogener Kompetenzen vorliegen. Offen ist, inwiefern diese Disparitäten auch bereits bei deutschen Grundschulkindern existieren. Dazu wurden 76 Kinder der 4. Jahrgangsstufe untersucht. Eine multiple Regressionsanalyse zeigt, dass sich der sozioökonomische Status, der häusliche Tabletbesitz sowie die kognitiven Fähigkeiten auf die computer- und informationsbezogenen Kompetenzen im Bereich Produzieren und Präsentieren auswirken. Für den Migrationshintergrund und das Geschlecht konnte kein signifikanter Zusammenhang festgestellt werden. Mögliche Gründe für die Ergebnisse und Konsequenzen für den Unterricht der Grundschule werden diskutiert.
Clitoral Reconstruction After Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Review of Surgical Techniques and Ethical Debate
Authors: Sharif Mohamed Fatima , Wild Verina , Earp Brian D. , Johnson-Agbakwu Crista , Abdulcadir Jasmine 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Clitoral reconstruction (CR) is a controversial surgical procedure performed for women who have undergone medically unnecessary, often ritualistic genital cutting involving the clitoris. Such cutting is known by several terms; we will use female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C). Treatments offered to women affected by complications of FGM/C include defibulation (releasing the scar of infibulation to allow penetrative intercourse, urinary flow, physiological delivery, and menstruation) and CR to decrease pain, improve sexual response, and create a pre-FGM/C genital appearance.

Aim
In this study, our aim is to summarize the medical literature regarding CR techniques and outcomes, and stimulate ethical discussion surrounding potential adverse impacts on women who undergo the procedure.

Methods
A broad literature review was carried out to search any previous peer-reviewed publications regarding the techniques and ethical considerations for CR.

Main Outcome Measure
The main outcome measure includes benefits, risks, and ethical analysis of CR.

Results
While we discuss the limited evidence regarding the risks and efficacy of CR, we did not find any peer-reviewed reports focused on ethical implications to date.

Clinical Implications
CR can be indicated as a treatment for pain and potential improvement of associated sexual dysfunction when these have not responded to more conservative measures. Women must be appropriately informed about the risks of CR and the lack of strong evidence regarding potential benefits. They must be educated about their genital anatomy and disabused of any myths surrounding female sexual function as well as assessed and treated in accordance with the current scientific evidence and best clinical practices.

Strength & Limitations
This is the first formal ethical discussion surrounding CR. This is not a systematic review, and the ethical discussion of CR has only just begun.

Conclusion
We present a preliminary ethical analysis of the procedure and its potential impact on women with FGM/C.