bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aiding Alarm Rationalization by Automatic Identification of various sequential patterns in large volume of Alarm and Event log data
Authors: Ghosh Kaushik , Krishnan Sivaprakasam Gokula 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The main problem with modern Industrial Alarm System is that the operators receive far too many alarms than they can handle. Many of the alarms presented to the operators are nuisance in nature such as chattering alarms, redundant alarms, consequential alarms, and alarms with no action. Such alarms superfluously increase the alarm load to an operator, do not essentially indicate any real abnormal situation and more importantly do not require any corrective actions by the operator. Being overwhelmed by large number of nuisance alarms, operators always face tough challenge in identifying the real alarms which demands prompt operator actions and are often buried in the pool of nuisance alarms. It is therefore necessary to reduce the alarms loads of an operator by systematically identifying the nuisance alarms and presenting only the real useful alarms to the operators. Also, there are some alarms which require well defined operator actions to bring them back to normal. When these alarms get triggered operators are supposed to take a well-defined set of corrective action in order to normalize them. Identification of these alarms for which there is a consistent operator action would be of immense help since operators can immediately focus their attention on these alarms whenever they occur and carryout the necessary actions. The main goal of Alarm rationalization is to minimize alarm load to the operators by presenting only the alarms that are relevant and require operator actions. Alarm Rationalization process by and large is carried out manually. It is quite tedious, time consuming and requires a lot of manual efforts. To solve the these challenges and to aid in Alarm Rationalization process, a novel approach has been proposed in this paper for identifying the nuisance alarms by analyzing the large volume of Alarm and Event log data. Several Alarm Rationalization activities (such as: Changing Alarm Configuration settings, Alarm Suppression, Alarm grouping, Alarm removal, Alarm Prediction, Standardization of Alarm response Procedure) can be performed by based on the identified chattering alarms. The proposed approach is illustrated through some examples obtained by analysing the Alarm and Event log data from petrochemical and water treatment plants in Singapore.
Exploring the implementation barriers of eco-toilet system in the Philippines using Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) approach
Authors: Ignacio J J J , Malolos C F , Mendoza N I , Lantin J , Orbecido A H , Promentilla M A B 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Eco-Toilet system (ETS) is an emerging sanitation technology that promotes water conservation and nutrient recovery. Although many kinds of literature support the promising benefits of ETS, the implementation of such technology in the Philippines still faces a myriad of challenges. The study found out that the implementation of ETS in the country was affected by the following barriers: (a) policy and institutional capacity/commitment, (b) investment/financial issues, (c) technology and operation viability, and (d) social acceptance. DEMATEL was used as an analytical framework to investigate these key barriers. This method utilized the value judgments of experts and converted this information into quantitative data. Several computations were applied to reveal the causal relationships and prominence of the implementation barriers of ETS in the Philippines. Therefore, this study can benefit decision-makers in addressing implementation issues involving ETS projects in the country.
Process simulation of the pilot scale bioethanol production from rice straw by Aspen Hysys
Authors: Le Phung K , Le Tin D T , Nguyen Quan D , Tran Viet T , Mai Phong T 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This work is to implement a working model of an integrated process for bioethanol in the process simulation based on rigorous model using the Aspen HYSYS simulation software. As a case study, the simulation is applied to design a pilot plant that converts rice straw into ethanol. The model is based on the process for biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass (rice straw) to ethanol, proposed by the pilot plant of producing bio-ethanol with capacity of 152 kg rice straw/batch. The plant for manufacturing bio-ethanol with rice straw as raw materials comprises basically three units: Pretreatment of rice straw by alkaline treatment; Simultaneous saccharification fermentation (SSF) of rice straw to produce bio-ethanol and the unit for separation and purification of bio-ethanol mixture from simultaneous and fermentation unit. Modeling of rice straw feedstock as a solid material in Aspen HYSYS, including the creation of necessary hypothetical components. Investigate and analyze the final ethanol yield of the simulation project in comparison with actual process. The model proposed was for easily evaluate and analyze various factors which affect to the final ethanol yield by changing operating conditions and being possible to find the optimal conditions for different input flow rate and many independent factors. The simulation model obtained in this study can be applied to any SSF processes with different biomass feedstock.
Production and characterization of biodiesel from Annona muricata seed oil
Authors: Avendaño J R , Canlas S , Falalimpa M , Dimaano M N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Due to the depletion of available energy resources, the usage of fossil fuel has increased steadily. Additionally, the gas emissions of fossil fuel proved to be harmful to the environment. Therefore, researches now focus on utilizing second-generation biodiesel that do not compete with edible seed oils but still can be of great use as an alternative to commercially-produced diesel. The purpose of this research is to extract the oil from Annona muricata (Guyabano) seeds and convert it to biodiesel by esterification using hydrochloric acid and transesterification using potassium hydroxide. The average oil yield was 18.92% while the average crude biodiesel yield was 94.76%. The characterization results of the biodiesel composed of 5% guyabano methyl ester in commercial diesel (B5) were all within the limits set by the Philippine National Standards (PNS). However, the water content for the pure biodiesel (B100) was not within the standard range. The kinematic viscosity of B100 is at the maximum limit of PNS. Nevertheless, it suggests that pure Guyabano biodiesel has the potential to be utilized in diesel engines.
Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) of three oil palm biomass pyrolysis: Kinetics and reaction mechanisms
Authors: Soh Megan , Jing Chew Jiuan , Sunarso Jaka 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Oil palm biomass generated from the plantation site (i.e., oil palm trunk (OPT) and oil palm frond (OPF)) are an attractive source for pyrolysis given their abundant availability. Despite this potential, there is no comprehensive study on the pyrolysis of OPT and OPF. In this work, the pyrolysis of OPT, OPF, and PKS are compared and analysed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The kinetics and reaction mechanisms of these biomass during pyrolysis were determined using Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) model-free method and Šesták-Berggren function. Pyrolysis of the three oil palm biomass is complex and exhibits different thermal behaviours and strong overlapping reaction between the pseudo-components, which can be attributed to their different constituents. The apparent activation energy of OPT, OPF, and PKS are 17.83-116.58, -45.36-225.60, and 56.50-90.42 kJ mol-1. The variation in the apparent activation energy indicates that pyrolysis of the three oil palm biomass involves multiple reaction mechanisms. Thermal decomposition of the pseudo-hemicellulose and pseudo-cellulose in the three oil palm biomass are co-controlled by two reaction mechanisms, i.e., phase boundary reaction and nucleation, with phase boundary reaction as the dominant mechanism.
Sequential Thermal and Power Integration for Locally Integrated Energy Sector
Authors: Lee P Y , Liew P Y , Walmsley T G 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Energy Efficiency is aligned with the United Nation Sustainable Development Goal for ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. Locally Integrated Energy Sector (LIES) concept is introduced for energy conservation between industrial, service and residential sectors. The LIES concept extended the Process Integration technique for energy recovery between multiple process plants through the utility system, known as Total Site Heat Integration (TSHI). However, the development of LIES techniques is divided into two main directions, which are heat and power energy integration. This paper introduces a sequential approach for integrating the heat and electricity system in a LIES. The optimization is done based on time frame, which Time Slices (TSLs) are identified based on drastic changes in heat and electricity supply and demand. The heat system is first analysed by TSHI techniques, which the heat excess and demand are determined. The excess and demand is then used for cogeneration opportunities estimation, which the backpressure and condensing turbine are used. The potential power generation estimated then included to analyse the electricity system using Power Pinch Analysis tools. The use of heat and power storage system are also included in the study, for assessing its impact on the LIES’s energy efficiency. The study considered on- and off-grid power supply system to satisfy the power demand of the system. This proposed heat and power optimisation framework aims to select a system configuration with minimal energy cost.
Effect of DMPA Content on Colloidal Stability of Jatropha Oil-based waterborne Polyurethane Dispersion
Authors: Nurdin N S , Saalah S , Lim A T , Francis A Y , Abdullah L , SaifulAzry S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Driven by the increase of oil price in the market as well as environmental concerns by the society, a renewable raw material such as vegetable oil becomes the alternative to produce bio-based polyol to replace non-renewable polyols in polyurethane production. The recent development of aqueous polyurethane dispersion proves that environmentally waterborne PUD offers an efficient alternative to the solvent-borne PUD for the application in ink, adhesives, and coatings. In this study, the jatropha oil has been successfully functionalized to polyol (JOL) by epoxidation and oxirane ring opening steps. Jatropha oil-based waterborne polyurethane (JPU) dispersions were produced by polymerizing the JOL with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA). The colloidal stability of JPU dispersions was studied in terms of particle size and zeta potential. Varying DMPA content from 5.0-7.0 wt.% resulted in small average particle size of dispersion from 39.40 nm to 133.2 nm. High zeta potential obtained in a range of -52 mV to -65 mV indicates the particles in the dispersion are sufficiently separated and therefore stable. Eventually, the study provides an overview of vegetable oil-based waterborne polyurethane dispersion with good stability for surface coating application.
Study of glycerolysis of lactic acid
Authors: Rahayu Suprihastuti S , Putra D M , Hasna A 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Increasing production of a biodiesel industry, will also increase the by-product of the industry, glycerol. Further processes were investigated to get an added value of the byproduct. Glycerol esters of lactic acid and in particulars glycerol monolactate is one of the more value of derivative material from glycerol, which is known as safe, nontoxic and biodegradable emulsifier in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. This research aims to study the effect of temperature and reactant ratio to the rate of catalyst free glycerolysis reaction of lactic acid. Experiments were conducted in a three-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser. The reactions were conducted for 4 hours at 100°C – 140°C while the mole ratios of glycerol to lactate acid were varied 1:1 to 5:1. The conversion of lactic acid to ester increased by increasing the reaction temperature. The results also showed that more glycerol ratio to lactate acid, the higher conversion of the acid was obtained. As of the variables studied, maximum conversion was 86.28% at mole ratio of reactants was 5:1, 140°C within 4 hours. Irreversible homogeneous second order reaction model was suitable with the experimental data.
Black Liquor Droplet Swelling Model during Pyrolysis
Authors: Wintoko J , Purwono S , Fahrurrozi M , Soehendro B 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Black liquor is a spent pulping liquor from kraft pulping process. The concentrated black liquor is combusted or gasified to recover the chemical energy and to recycle the pulping chemicals. It undergoes several processes, i.e. drying, pyrolysis, and combustion and/or gasification. The droplet swells slightly during drying. Conversely, it swells heavily during pyrolysis. It can swell up to 20-30 time its original volume. The swelling stops when the pyrolysis reaction ends and/or when the solid loses its viscoelastic properties. Swelling phenomena also happens in other system, e.g. polymer foam moulding and coal pyrolysis. Two key phenomena for swelling behaviour are: gas production inside a material that forms gas bubbles and the material viscoelastic properties. The bubbles grow and whole droplet then swells accordingly. For black liquor droplet swelling, some empirical models has been developed but none of them are based on the theoretical bubble growth process. In this paper, the black liquor droplet swelling modelling based on the bubble growth process is developed. The model generally in agreement with the black liquor droplet swelling experimental data from a single droplet Thermogravimetry Analyser (TGA).
Study of Barium Sulfate Scale Dissolution into Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
Authors: Sazali R.A , Awang Kechik N.I , Yahya E , Mat-Shayuti M.S 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Barium sulfate (barite) scale deposition may cause the problem in surface and subsurface production equipment resulting in reduced production, decrease in pressure, and premature failure of down holes equipment. One of the barite scale management is by using dissolver. There are many chelating agents that can be used to dissolve this scale including ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). In this work, EDTA is used to dissolve the laboratory-reproduced barium sulfate scale. Barite scale was reproduced in the laboratory by mixing barium chloride (BaCl2) solution and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) solution at 25°C. The sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the optimum parameters/conditions in which EDTA dissolution is optimum through Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-EOS) analysis and characterization study using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). This includes the effect of agitation, temperature, pH, catalyst used, and the presence of oxalate ion. These laboratory tests showed that the solubility of barite increased as it was agitated; at high pH of 11 to 13; and at elevated temperature of 95°C. Potassium chloride (KCl) at high elevated temperature was used as synergy/activator to improve the dissolution of barium sulfate with EDTA. As a conclusion, this project sets a framework to identify the best EDTA formulation and estimate its dissolution profile to ensure a more informed treatment design for barite scale removal.
An Investigation on The Effect of Silica Nanoparticle Concentration on Oil-based Mud Rheology and Fluid Loss Control Characteristic
Authors: Zairani Wan Bakar Wan , Mohd Saaid Ismail , Hayati Jarni Husna , Aqsa Nadeea Mat Isa Noor , Sauki Arina , Shafiq Mat Shayuti Muhammad 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Oil based mud (OBM) is well known in drilling operation for its good properties. However, under HPHT conditions, OBM might encounter thermal degradation, which will affect the performance of the mud leading to fluid loss and unstable rheology. Previous studies showed that implementation of nanoparticle as drilling mud additive can control the fluid loss into the formation thus preventing formation damage. In this research we evaluate the potential of using nanoparticle from silica as the fluid loss preventing agent. The OBM was used in this study and its performance at low and high temperature was evaluated after addition of nanosilica powder. The experiment was conducted at 275°F and 350°F with varying nanosilica concentration per amount of a commercial fluid loss control additive (gilsonite) between 30 to 70 %, by total mud weight between 0 to 2 wt. %. Result of the study shows that the application of nanosilica in OBM results in better mud rheology and can effectively reduce fluid loss up to 50% concentration especially at HPHT conditions. The silica nanoparticles have the potential to enhance drilling fluid properties, which contributes to more efficient drilling operations with less formation damage. This finding would be economically beneficial to the industry as silica is an abundant earth element.
Effect of temperature and concentration of industrial waste graphene on rheological properties of water based mud
Authors: Humairah Monashofian Putra Putri , Mohamed Jan Badrul , Fazly Abdul Patah Mohamad , Usman Mohd Junaidi Mohd 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
It is no secret that nano technology has been widely applied in various industries. In the upstream oil and gas industry, nanoparticle technology has received widespread attention due to its ability to enhance drilling fluid properties; thus improves drilling efficiency and reduces the overall operation cost. The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of temperature and concentration of graphene retrieved from unwanted industrial waste on rheological and filtration properties of the water based drilling mud (WBM). It is known that graphene is very expensive. At the same time, the availability and abundance of industrial carbon based waste presents an opportunity to extract graphene from unwanted, inexpensive waste and utilise it to improve the drilling fluid properties. Three types of drilling fluids are formulated (basic WBM, WBM plus commercial graphene and WBM plus waste graphene) and tested based on the recommended API 13B-1 practice. Both commercial and waste graphene concentration was varied at 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 ppb. For each concentration, the mud rheological and filtration properties were measured before and after aging for 16 hours at different temperature of 200°F, 225°F and 250°F while the pressure was fixed at 500 psi. Results showed that the addition of small concentration of graphene nanoparticles increases the plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), and improved the API and HPHT filtrate loss volume. However further increment in concentration caused the filtration property to deteriorate hence 0.05 ppb was taken as the optimum amount. It reduced the filtration loss by 8.43% at API condition and 18.57%, 13.82% and 14.06% at 200°F, 225°F and 250°F respectively.
Rheological Study of Oil Palm Trunk Waste as Viscosifier Agent for Water-Based Mud
Authors: Jarni H H , Sariman M F , Sauki A , Bakar W Z W , Mohd T A T 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The cellulose obtained from Oil Palm Trunk (OPT) is used to determine its potential as a viscosifier agent for the Water-Based Mud (WBM). The cellulose was extracted by using two methods which are Method 1 (Chlorination-Bleaching Process and Mercerization Method) and Method 2 (Dewaxed-Alkaline-Delignification Method). The characterization of OPT cellulose is defined by FTIR while the content of the cellulose product is determined by the Weighting Method. The mud samples were formulated by the presence of different weight of cellulose applied. The rheological properties analysis was conducted on the viscosity (PV), gel strength, yield point (YP) and, filtrate volume. FTIR Spectrometry results showed that Method 2 mimicked the behavior of HEC cellulose (commercial product). Method 2 produced cellulose which has a similar functional group that appears at the same spectral peaks with HEC cellulose. On the yield percentage, Method 2 yields more cellulose by 43.05% while Method 1 only yields 37.63% of cellulose. While the results from the rheological analysis summarized that cellulose obtained from Method 2 portrays a good range of results as it met the standard range of PV for the WBM by API Recommended Practice 13B-1. In conclusion, the cellulose extracted from Method 2 has the potential to be commercialized as a viscosifier agent for WBM.
Experimental study of batch electrocoagulation treatment of peat water in Sarawak with aluminium electrodes
Authors: Abdul Rahman N , Albania Linus A , Gilan U J , Jihed E E , Kumar N K M F , Yassin A , Philip A 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPeat water is commonly found in the coastal areas of Southern and Central Sarawak. About 39% of the rural communities in Sarawak are yet to receive clean water supply. As such the rural communities depend excessively rainwater and peat water for domestic usage. However, the usage of untreated peat water for domestic usage may cause harm to human health and well-being as it contains natural organic matters such as humic substances. Electrocoagulation is an environmentally friendly and simple process of water treatment. This research aims to develop a batch electrocoagulation process for treatment of peat water in Sarawak using Aluminium electrodes. The research includes the study on electrocoagulation for peat water treatment, design, and fabrication of batch electrocoagulation process using Aluminium, experimental study for optimum performances of the electrocoagulation, and economic analysis of the electrocoagulation system. Several parameters that affect the performances of the electrocoagulation system are studied such as the inter-electrode distance, number of electrodes, current density and treatment time. The performance of the system is evaluated based on the removal efficiency on turbidity, colour, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Organic Content (TOC) and Total Suspended Solid (TSS). The system successfully removes 100% of colour, 93.35% of turbidity, 89.80% of COD, 88.22% of TOC, and 87.50% of TSS by using a current density of 25 A/m2in 80 minutes and 8 Aluminium electrodes with inter electrode spacing of 2 cm. The final quality of treated peat water is determined to be suitable for domestic usage which falls under Class 1 water of the National Water Quality based on the parameters analyzed. The operating cost of 25 A/m2current density for 80 minutes of treatment time by using 8 electrode plates is RM 4.32 per m3of peat water.