bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Knee Effusions With Ultrasound: A Comparison of Three Methods
Authors: Cushman Daniel M. , Ross Brendon , Teramoto Masaru , English Joy , Joyner James R. , Bosley Justin 
Published: February 2020

Objectives:
To determine whether simple methods can improve identification of suprapatellar joint fluid during sonographic evaluation of the knee.

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Outpatient orthopaedic clinic.

Patients:
Fifty-two patients were sequentially recruited from an orthopaedic clinic.

Interventions:
Bilateral sonographic evaluation of the suprapatellar recess with static scanning, parapatellar pressure, or patient-initiated quadriceps contraction.

Main Outcome Measures:
Identification of fluid in the suprapatellar recess.

Results:
Fifty-two patients (104 knees), consisting of 57 (54.8%) painful knees, were examined. Static scanning identified 45 effusions, parapatellar pressure identified 58 effusions, and quadriceps contraction identified 77 effusions. Quadriceps contraction was superior to parapatellar pressure for identifying an effusion {P < 0.001, proportion ratio [PR] = 1.33 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16, 1.52]}, painful knee effusions [P = 0.036, PR = 1.24 (95% CI = 1.06-1.44)], and painless knee effusions (P = 0.006, PR = 1.50 [95% CI = 1.16-1.93]). Both methods were superior to static scanning. Parapatellar pressure identified effusions in 16.9% of knees not seen on static scanning, whereas quadriceps contraction identified effusions in 54.2% of knees not seen on static scanning. Inter-rater reliability kappa values were 0.771 for static scanning (95% CI = 0.605-0.937), 0.686 for parapatellar pressure (95% CI = 0.531-0.840), and 0.846 for quadriceps contraction (95% CI = 0.703-0.990).

Conclusions:
Parapatellar pressure and patient-initiated quadriceps contraction both improve sonographic detection of suprapatellar joint fluid with high inter-rater reliability; however, quadriceps contraction was superior to parapatellar pressure when assessing for grade 1 or occult effusions.
Religion and Psychiatry in the Age of Neuroscience
Authors: Phillips James , El-Gabalawi Fayez , Fallon Brian A. , Majeed Salman , Merlino Joseph P. , Nields Jenifer A. , Saunders David , Norko Michael A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
In recent decades, an evolving conversation among religion, psychiatry, and neuroscience has been taking place, transforming how we conceptualize religion and how that conceptualization affects its relation to psychiatry. In this article, we review several dimensions of the dialogue, beginning with its history and the phenomenology of religious experience. We then turn to neuroscientific studies to see how they explain religious experience, and we follow that with two related areas: the benefits of religious beliefs and practices, and the evolutionary foundation of those benefits. A final section addresses neuroscientific and evolutionary accounts of the transcendent, that is, what these fields make of the claim that religious experience connects to a transcendent reality. We conclude with a brief summary, along with the unresolved questions we have encountered.
Risk of Permanent Hypoparathyroidism After Total Thyroidectomy for Benign Disease
Authors: Annebäck Matilda , Hedberg Jakob , Almquist Martin , Stålberg Peter , Norlén Olov 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for permanent hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy for benign disease in a population-based setting with data independent of input of complication data.

Summary of Background Data:
The reported rate of permanent hypoparathyroidism is highly variable and mostly rely on reported complication data from national or institutional registries.

Methods:
All patients who underwent total thyroidectomy in Sweden from 2005 to 2015 were identified through Scandinavian Quality Register for Thyroid, Parathyroid and Adrenal Surgery and the Swedish National Patient Register. Patients were matched to outcome data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Permanent hypoparathyroidism was defined as treatment with calcium and/or active vitamin D more than 1 year after surgery.

Results:
Seven thousand eight hundred fifty-two patients were included and 938 (12.5%) developed permanent hypoparathyroidism. The risk was lower in patients registered in the quality register (11.0% vs 16%, P < 0.001). In a multivariable analysis there was a higher risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism in patients with parathyroid autotransplantation [Odds ratio (OR) 1.72; 95% confidence interval 1.47–2.01], center-volume <100 thyroidectomies per year (OR 1.22; 1.03–1.44), age above 60 year (OR 1.64; 1.36–1.98) and female sex (OR 1.27; 1.05–1.54). Reported data from the quality register only identified 178 of all 938 patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism.

Conclusion:
The risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy was high and associated with parathyroid autotransplantation, higher age, female sex and surgery at a low volume center. Reported follow-up data might underestimate the rate of permanent hypoparathyroidism.
Postoperative Opioid Utilization in Older Women Undergoing Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery
Authors: Ackenbom Mary F. , Dong Shirley , Romanova Anna , Baranski Lindsey , Butters Meryl A. , Davis Esa M. , Zyczynski Halina M. 
Published: February 2020

Objectives
The objective of this study was to determine total postoperative opioid consumption by women 60 years and older during the first week after pelvic organ prolapse surgery. We secondarily aimed to describe opioid prescribing patterns in this cohort.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study assessing changes in cognition in women 60 years and older undergoing prolapse surgery. Postoperative opioid use at home during the first week was collected through daily self-reported diary entries. Total postoperative opioid consumption was calculated by adding opioid administration in the postoperative anesthesia recovery unit, inpatient setting, and home opioid use (as documented in diary). Regression models were used to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with total postoperative opioid consumption in the top quartile of this cohort and home opioid use.

Results
Data from 80 women were analyzed. Mean ± SD age was 71.78 ± 6.14 years (range, 60–88 years). Fifty women (62.5%) underwent vaginal surgery, and 30 (7.5%) underwent laparoscopic/robotic surgery, with concomitant hysterectomy in 47 (58.8%). The median (interquartile range) total morphine milligram equivalents used during the first week after surgery was 30 (7.5–65.75). The median (interquartile range) total morphine milligram equivalents prescribed was 225 (150–225).

Conclusions
Opioid consumption after prolapse surgery in older women is very modest and equates to a median (interquartile range) of 4 (1–9) oxycodone (5 mg) tablets. Opioid prescribing patterns should be adjusted accordingly.
Aberrant sorting of hippocampal complex pyramidal cells in Type I Lissencephaly alters topological innervation
Authors: D’Amour James A. , Ekins Tyler G. , Ghanatra Stuti , Yuan Xiaoqing , McBain Chris J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLayering has been a long-appreciated feature of higher order mammalian brain structures but the extent to which it plays an instructive role in synaptic specification remains unknown. Here we examine the formation of synaptic circuitry under cellular heterotopia in hippocampal CA1, using a mouse model of the human neurodevelopmental disorder Type I Lissencephaly. We identify calbindin-expressing principal cells which are mispositioned under cellular heterotopia. Ectopic calbindin-expressing principal cells develop relatively normal morphological features and stunted intrinsic physiological features. Regarding network development, a connectivity preference for cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons to target calbindin expressing principal cells is diminished. Moreover, in vitro gamma oscillatory activity is less synchronous across heterotopic bands and mutants are less responsive to pharmacological antagonism of cholecystokinin-containing interneurons. This study will aid not only in our understanding of how cellular networks form but highlight vulnerable cellular circuit motifs that might be generalized across disease states.
Conserved small nucleotidic elements at the origin of concerted piRNA biogenesis from genes and lncRNAs
Authors: Jensen Silke , Brasset Emilie , Parey Elise , Roest-Crollius Hugues , Sharakhov Igor V. , Vaury Chantal 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTPIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) target transcripts by sequence complementarity serving as guides for RNA slicing in animal germ cells. The piRNA pathway is increasingly recognized as critical for essential cellular functions such as germline development and reproduction. In theAnopheles gambiaeovary, as much as 11% of piRNAs map to protein-coding genes. Here we show that ovarian mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are processed into piRNAs that can direct other transcripts into the piRNA biogenesis pathway. Targeting piRNAs fuel transcripts either into the ping-pong cycle of piRNA amplification or into the machinery of phased piRNA biogenesis, thereby creating networks of inter-regulating transcripts. RNAs of the same network share related genomic repeats. These repeats give rise to piRNAs, which target other transcripts and lead to a cascade of concerted RNA slicing. While ping-pong networks are based on repeats of several hundred nucleotides, networks that rely on phased piRNA biogenesis operate through short ∼40-nucleotides long repeats, which we named snetDNAs. Interestingly, snetDNAs are recurring in evolution from insects to mammals. Our study brings to light a new type of a conserved regulatory pathway, the snetDNA-pathway, by which short sequences can include independent genes and lncRNAs in the same biological pathway.AUTHOR SUMMARYSmall RNA molecules are essential actors in silencing mobile genetic elements in animal germ cells. The 24-29-nucleotide-long Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) target transcripts by sequence complementarity serving as guides for RNA slicing. Mosquitoes of theAnopheles gambiaespecies complex are the principal vectors of malaria, and research on their germline is essential to develop new strategies of vector control by acting on reproduction. In theAnopheles gambiaeovary as much as 11% of piRNAs originate from protein-coding genes. We identified piRNAs which are able to target transcripts from several distinct genes or long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), bringing together genic transcripts and lncRNAs in a same regulation network. piRNA targeting induces transcript slicing and production of novel piRNAs, which then target other mRNAs and lncRNAs leading again to piRNA processing, thus resulting in a cascade of RNA slicing and piRNA production. Each network relies on piRNAs originating from repeated genetic elements, present in all transcripts of the same network. Some of these repeats are very short, only ∼40-nucleotides long. We identified similar repeats in all 43 animal species that we analysed, including mosquitoes, flies, arachnidae, snail, mouse, rat and human, suggesting that such regulation networks are recurrent, possibly conserved, in evolutionary history.
Functionalin vivocharacterization of zebrafishsox10enhancers in melanoma and neural crest
Authors: Cunningham Rebecca L. , Kramer Eva T. , DeGeorgia Sophia K. , Seneviratne Shayana , Grigura Vadim , Kaufman Charles K. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe re-emergence of a neural crest transcriptional program, including Sox10 upregulation, is a key step in melanoma initiation in humans and zebrafish. We hypothesize that epigenetic regulation ofsox10modulates melanoma initiation. ATAC-Seq analysis of zebrafish melanoma tumors identifies recurrently open chromatin domains nearsox10. Reporter constructs for each putativesox10enhancer were examined in zebrafish embryos for neural crest activity and in stable transgenic lines for melanoma activity. One element,peak5(23 kilobases upstream ofsox10), drivesEGFPreporter expression in a subset of neural crest cells, Kolmer-Agduhr neurons, and early melanoma patches and tumors with high specificity. A ∼200 bp region, conserved across theCyprinidaefamily (fish), is required forpeak5activity in neural crest and melanoma, and contains dimeric SoxE binding sites essential for neural crest activity. Our work identifies a novel melanoma transcriptional enhancer, expanding our knowledge of epigenetic regulation of neural crest identity in melanoma.
Exploratory Factor Analysis with Structured Residuals for Brain Imaging Data
Authors: van Kesteren Erik-Jan , Kievit Rogier A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDimension reduction is widely used and often necessary to reduce high dimensional data to a small number of underlying variables, making subsequent analyses and their interpretation tractable. One popular technique is Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), used by cognitive neuroscientists to reduce measurements from a large number of brain regions to a tractable number of factors. However, dimension reduction often ignores relevant a priori knowledge about the structure of the data. For example, it is well established that the brain is highly symmetric. In this paper, we (a) show the adverse consequences of ignoring a priori structure in factor analysis, (b) propose a technique to accommodate structure in EFA using structured residuals (EFAST), and (c) apply this technique to three large and varied brain imaging datasets, demonstrating the superior fit and interpretability of our approach. We provide an R software package to enable researchers to apply EFAST to other suitable datasets.
Targeting serine hydroxymethyltransferases 1 and 2 for T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy
Authors: Pikman Yana , Ocasio-Martinez Nicole , Alexe Gabriela , Kitara Samuel , Diehl Frances F. , Robichaud Amanda L. , Conway Amy Saur , Su Angela , Qi Jun , Roti Giovanni , Lewis Caroline A. , Puissant Alexandre , Heiden Matthew G. Vander , Stegmaier Kimberly 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite progress in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), T-cell ALL (T-ALL) has limited treatment options particularly in the setting of relapsed/refractory disease. Using an unbiased genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screen we sought to identify pathway dependencies for T-ALL which could be harnessed for therapy development. Disruption of the one-carbon folate, purine and pyrimidine pathways scored as the top metabolic pathways required for T-ALL proliferation. We used a recently developed inhibitor of SHMT1 and SHMT2, RZ-2994, to characterize the effect of inhibiting these enzymes of the one-carbon folate pathway in T-ALL and found that T-ALL cell lines were differentially sensitive to RZ-2994, with a S/G2 cell cycle arrest. The effects of SHMT1/2 inhibition were rescued by formate supplementation. Loss of both SHMT1 and SHMT2 was necessary for impaired growth and cell cycle arrest, with suppression of both SHMT1 and SHMT2 impairing leukemia progressionin vivo. RZ-2994 decreased leukemia burdenin vivoand remained effective in the setting of methotrexate resistancein vitro. This study highlights the significance of the one-carbon folate pathway in T-ALL and supports further development of SHMT inhibitors for treatment of T-ALL and other cancers.
Population dynamics in pre-Inca human groups from the Osmore Valley, the Azapa Valley and the coast of the south central Andes
Authors: Coppa A. , Candilio F. , Arganini C. , de la Vega E. , Terrazas E.G. Moreno , Lucci M. , Cucina A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe present study applies a dental morphological perspective to the understanding of the complex population history of pre-contact South-Central Andes, the detection of the underlying dynamics, and the assessment of the biological ties among groups. It takes into account 1665 individuals from 16 sites that date from the Archaic to the Late Intermediate located along the coast, on thealtiplano, and in the coastal valleys of both Chile and Peru. The results obtained highlight the need for wider perspectives capable of taking into account both the different micro-regional realities and the region in its ensemble. The population dynamics and mobility patterns detected indicate the widely accepted interpretations and distinctions based on cultural affiliations might be insufficient to comprehend the complex population history of the region, especially because the results obtained in the present study indicate the presence of a general and widespread common morphological background for the inhabitants of some of these cultures (i.e., Moche and Wari) and that the interactions they had throughout time must have been far from inconsequential.
A VTA GABAergic computational model of dissociated reward prediction error computation in classical conditioning
Authors: Kaushik Pramod , Naudé Jérémie , Raju Surampudi Bapi , Alexandre Frédéric 
Published: February 2020

AbstractClassical Conditioning is a fundamental learning mechanism where the Ventral Striatum is generally thought to be the source of inhibition to Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) Dopamine neurons when a reward is expected. However, recent evidences point to a new candidate in VTA GABA encoding expectation for computing the reward prediction error in the VTA. In this system-level computational model, the VTA GABA signal is hypothesised to be a combination of magnitude and timing computed in the Peduncolopontine and Ventral Striatum respectively. This dissociation enables the model to explain recent results wherein Ventral Striatum lesions affected the temporal expectation of the reward but the magnitude of the reward was intact. This model also exhibits other features in classical conditioning namely, progressively decreasing firing for early rewards closer to the actual reward, twin peaks of VTA dopamine during training and cancellation of US dopamine after training.
Kinetics ofPlasmodium midgutinvasion in Anopheles mosquitoes
Authors: Volohonsky Gloria , Paul-Gilloteaux Perrine , Štáfková Jitka , Soichot Julien , Salamero Jean , Levashina Elena A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMalaria-causingPlasmodiumparasites traverse the mosquito midgut cells to establish infection at the basal side of the midgut. This dynamic process is a determinant of mosquito vector competence, yet the kinetics of the parasite migration is not well understood. Here we used transgenic mosquitoes of twoAnophelesspecies and aPlasmodium bergheifluorescence reporter line to track parasite passage through the mosquito tissues at high spatial resolution. We provide new quantitative insight into malaria parasite invasion in African and IndianAnophelesspecies and demonstrate that species-specific kinetics ofPlasmodiuminvasion is shaped by the mosquito complement-like system.Author SummaryThe traversal of the mosquito midgut cells is one of the critical stages in the life cycle of malaria parasites. Motile parasite forms, called ookinetes, traverse the midgut epithelium in a dynamic process which is not fully understood.Here, we harnessed transgenic reporters to track invasion ofPlasmodiumparasites in African and Indian mosquito species. We found important differences in parasite dynamics between the two anopheline species and demonstrated an unexpected role of mosquito complement-like system in regulation of parasite invasion.
Optimal Binning of Peri-Event Time Histograms Using Akaike Information Criterion
Authors: Ghazizadeh Ali , Ambroggi Frederic 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPeri-event time histograms (PETH) are widely used to study correlations between experimental events and neuronal firing. The accuracy of firing rate estimate using a PETH depends on the choice of binsize. We show that the optimal binsize for a PETH depends on factors such as the number of trials and the temporal dynamics of the firing rate. These factors argue against the use of a one-size-fits-all binsize when making PETHs for an inhomogeneous population of neurons. Here we propose a binsize selection method by adapting the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Simulations show that optimal binsizes estimated by AIC closely match the optimal binsizes using mean squared error (MSE). Furthermore, using real data, we find that optimal binning improves detection of responses and their dynamics. Together our analysis strongly supports optimal binning of PETHs and proposes a computationally efficient method for this optimization based on AIC approach to model selection.
Service user involvement in an undergraduate nursing programme
Authors: Jack Eleanor 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to highlight the impacts that service user involvement can have on the education of UK undergraduate student mental health nurses both personally and professionally. It reports the findings from a short module evaluation of a collaboratively delivered theory unit using a qualitative approach.

Design/methodology/approach
The study reports the findings from a short module evaluation of a collaboratively delivered theory unit using a qualitative approach embracing two focus groups.

Findings
The findings from the two focus groups highlight that the service user input (expert by experience) offered a positive learning experience for the students, enabled them to appreciate the meaning of recovery and hope and facilitated the identification of the importance of their role in terms of connecting meaningfully with those they are supporting and reconsidering key priorities for practice. They also suggest that there is theory/practice gap reduction as students were able to connect the service user narratives to the evidence base for deeper understanding and application.

Research limitations/implications
Although only a brief evaluation of a short theory module within a wider programme involving a small number of participants, the findings echo the wider literature and offers further rationale to support direct service user involvement within mental health education across all healthcare professions. This finding is also relevant, as, increasingly, learning/teaching programmes now seek to implement blended learning with significant online teaching and less face-to-face facilitation of learning.

Practical implications
This study highlights not only the positive impact of service user input on health-care education but also the benevolent influence skilled narratives can have as a pedagogical approach to learning.

Originality/value
Although there is much in the literature as to the benefits for student learning in involving service users within higher education institute education, there is limited information as to “how” and “why” this is the case, this article seeks to bridge that gap.
“Their story is a hard road to hoe”: how art-making tackles stigma and builds well-being in young people living regionally
Authors: Gentle Emma , Linsley Paul , Hurley John 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Remote and regional Australia have comparatively fewer mental health services than their urban counterparts, what is more, mental health remains profoundly stigmatised. This study aims to understand how, if at all, the process of group art-making then publicly displaying the artworks can contribute to stigma reduction for young people (YP) experiencing mental health challenges in regional Australia.

Design/methodology/approach
Interviews were conducted with six young artists who use regional mental health services and 25 people who viewed their displayed art using a thematic analysis of the coded interview data.

Findings
Findings of this study demonstrated how art-making as a process increased self-esteem, social interaction and artistic expression; while the viewers experienced an emotional connection to the art. The viewer’s response enhanced YP’s confidence in their abilities.

Originality/value
Incorporating art-making and exhibiting the art in public spaces could be incorporated into YP’s mental health services to support well-being and inform the perception the general public hold of mental health, thus reducing stigma.