bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic study of soft corals from the Colombian Caribbean: PSYCHE and 1H-NMR comparative analysis
Authors: Santacruz Liliana , Hurtado Diana X. , Doohan Roisin , Thomas Olivier P. , Puyana Mónica , Tello Edisson 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMarine organisms have evolved to survive against predators in complex marine ecosystems via the production of chemical compounds. Soft corals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Octocorallia) are an important source of chemically diverse metabolites with a broad spectrum of biological activities. Herein, we perform a comparative study between high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and pure shift yielded by chirp excitation (PSYCHE) experiments to analyze the metabolic profile of 24 soft corals from the Colombian Caribbean to correlate chemical fingerprints with their cytotoxic activity against three cancer cell lines (human cervical carcinoma (SiHa), human prostatic carcinoma (PC3) and human lung adenocarcinoma (A549)). All data obtained were explored using multivariate analysis using principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS) analysis. The results did not show a significant correlation between clusters using 1H-NMR data in the PCA and OPLS-DA models and therefore did not provide conclusive evidence; on the other hand, a metabolomic analysis of PSYCHE data obtained under the same parameters revealed that when a decoupled experiment is performed, it was possible to establish a statistically valid correlation between the chemical composition of soft corals and their cytotoxic activity against the PC3 cancer cell line, where the asperdiol and plexaurolone markers were putatively identified and related to the cytotoxic activity presented by extracts of Plexaurella sp. and Plexaura kukenthali, respectively. These results increase the speed, effectiveness and reliability of analyses for the study of this type of complex matrices.
Metastasis-associated fibroblasts promote angiogenesis in metastasized pancreatic cancer via the CXCL8 and the CCL2 axes
Authors: Pausch Thomas M. , Aue Elisa , Wirsik Naita M. , Freire Valls Aida , Shen Ying , Radhakrishnan Praveen , Hackert Thilo , Schneider Martin , Schmidt Thomas 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe characteristic desmoplastic stroma of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a key contributor to its lethality. This stromal microenvironment is populated by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that interact with cancer cells to drive progression and chemo-resistance. Research has focused on CAFs in the primary tumour but not in metastases, calling into question the role of analogous metastasis-associated fibroblasts (MAFs). We infer a role of MAFs in murine hepatic metastases following untargeted treatment with the anti-angiogenic drug sunitinib in vivo. Treated metastases were smaller and had fewer stromal cells, but were able to maintain angiogenesis and metastasis formation in the liver. Furthermore, sunitinib was ineffective at reducing MAFs alongside other stromal cells. We speculate that cancer cells interact with MAFs to maintain angiogenesis and tumour progression. Thus, we tested interactions between metastatic pancreatic cancer cells and fibroblasts using in vitro co-culture systems. Co-cultures enhanced fibroblast proliferation and induced angiogenesis. We identify carcinoma-educated fibroblasts as the source of angiogenesis via secretions of CXCL8 (aka IL-8) and CCL2 (aka MCP-1). Overall, we demonstrate that metastasis-associated fibroblasts have potential as a therapeutic target and highlight the CXCL8 and CCL2 axes for further investigation.
The First 3D Model of the Full-Length KIT Cytoplasmic Domain Reveals a New Look for an Old Receptor
Authors: Inizan François , Hanna Myriam , Stolyarchuk Maxim , Chauvot de Beauchêne Isaure , Tchertanov Luba 
Published: March 2020

AbstractReceptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are key regulators of normal cellular processes and have a critical role in the development and progression of many diseases. RTK ligand-induced stimulation leads to activation of the cytoplasmic kinase domain that controls the intracellular signalling. Although the kinase domain of RTKs has been extensively studied using X-ray analysis, the kinase insert domain (KID) and the C-terminal are partially or fully missing in all reported structures. We communicate the first structural model of the full-length RTK KIT cytoplasmic domain, a crucial target for cancer therapy. This model was achieved by integration of ab initio KID and C-terminal probe models into an X-ray structure, and by their further exploration through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. An extended (2-µs) MD simulation of the proper model provided insight into the structure and conformational dynamics of the full-length cytoplasmic domain of KIT, which can be exploited in the description of the KIT transduction processes.
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha maintains mouse articular cartilage through suppression of NF-κB signaling
Authors: Okada Keita , Mori Daisuke , Makii Yuma , Nakamoto Hideki , Murahashi Yasutaka , Yano Fumiko , Chang Song Ho , Taniguchi Yuki , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Semba Hiroaki , Takeda Norihiko , Piao Wen , Hanaoka Kenjiro , Nagano Tetsuo , Tanaka Sakae , Saito Taku 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHIF-1α, an essential transcription factor under hypoxic condition, is indispensable for chondrocytes during skeletal development but its expression and roles in articular chondrocytes are yet to be revealed. We examined HIF-1α protein expression and the hypoxic condition during mouse osteoarthritis (OA) development using state of the art hypoxic probes and found that its expression decreased as OA progressed, coinciding with the change in hypoxic conditions in articular cartilage. Gain- and loss-of-function of HIF-1α in cell culture experiments showed that HIF-1α suppressed catabolic genes such as Mmp13 and Hif2a. We confirmed these anticatabolic effects by measuring glycosaminoglycan release from wild type and conditional knock-out mice femoral heads cultured ex vivo. We went on to surgically induce OA in mice with chondrocyte-specific deletion of Hif1a and found that the development of OA was exacerbated. Increased expression of catabolic factors and activation of NF-κB signalling was clearly evident in the knock-out mice. By microarray analysis, C1qtnf3 was identified as a downstream molecule of HIF-1α, and experiments showed it exerted anti-catabolic effects through suppression of NF-κB. We conclude that HIF-1α has an anti-catabolic function in the maintenance of articular cartilage through suppression of NF-κB signalling.
Knockdown of HSDL2 inhibits lung adenocarcinoma progression via down-regulating AKT2 expression
Authors: Shi Yujia , Mao Zhengdao , Huang Yanhua , Sun Yun , Cao Qi , Yin Xiaowei , Huang Jianan , Zhang Qian 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The aims of the present study are to investigate the role of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-like 2 (HSDL2) in the progression of lung adenocarcinoma and illuminate the underlying molecular mechanisms. ShRNA targeting HSDL2 gene (siHSDL2) was utilized to knockdown (KD) HSDL2 expression. In vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of siHSDL2 on the progression of lung adenocarcinoma. Microarray hybridization and gene expression analysis were used to investigate effect of siHSDL2 on mRNA expression profile in lung cancer cell line H1299. Our data demonstrated that HSDL2 was up-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma tissue samples (P&lt;0.001). Patients with high HSDL2 expression in cancer tissues had a worse overall survival (P&lt;0.001). HSDL2 KD not only inhibited the proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, clone-formation, invasion and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro (P&lt;0.05), but also suppressed the growth and metastasis in vivo (P&lt;0.05). HSDL2 KD resulted in up-regulation of 681 genes and down-regulation of 276 genes. HSDL2 KD down-regulated the protein expression and phosphorylation of protein kinase B β (AKT2) (P&lt;0.001 and P&lt;0.001, respectively) and protein expression of baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 3 (BIRC3; P=0.001), and up-regulated the phosphorylation of ERK (P&lt;0.001). Rescue experiments showed that AKT2 overexpression reversed the suppression effect of siHSDL2 on cell proliferation (P&lt;0.001), invasion (P&lt;0.001) and migration (P&lt;0.001) significantly. HSDL2 functions as an oncogene to promote the growth and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma via promoting the expression of AKT2.
Language and Inhibition: Predictive Relationships in Children With Language Impairment Relative to Typically Developing Peers
Authors: Larson Caroline , Kaplan David , Kaushanskaya Margarita , Weismer Susan Ellis 
Published: March 2020

Background
This study examined predictive relationships between two indices of language—receptive vocabulary and morphological comprehension—and inhibition in children with specific language impairment (SLI) and typically developing (TD) children.

Methods
Participants included 30 children with SLI and 41 TD age-matched peers (8–12 years). At two time points separated by 1 year, we assessed receptive vocabulary and morphological comprehension via standardized language measures and inhibition via a Flanker task. We used Bayesian model averaging and Bayesian regression analytical techniques.

Results
Findings indicated predictive relationships between language indices and inhibition reaction time (RT), but not between language indices and inhibition accuracy. For the SLI group, Year 1 inhibition RT predicted Year 2 morphological comprehension. For the TD group, Year 1 morphological comprehension predicted Year 2 inhibition RT.

Conclusions
This study provides preliminary evidence of a predictive relationship between language and inhibition, but this relationship differed between children with SLI and those with typical development. Findings suggest that inhibition RT played a larger predictive role in later morphological comprehension in children with SLI relative to the other relationships examined. Targeting inhibition skills as a part of language intervention may improve subsequent morphological comprehension.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12014823
Designing Occupational Therapy Home Programs for People With Aphasia: Aphasia-Friendly Modifications
Authors: Wallace Sarah E. , Donoso Brown Elena V. , Saylor Anna , Lapp Erica , Eskander Joanna 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to describe aphasia-friendly modification for occupational therapy assessments and home programs aimed at addressing upper extremity impairments for people post stroke.

Method

This article examines a case study example from a larger study (Wallace, Donoso Brown, Saylor, & Lapp,
2018
) that implemented aphasia-friendly material modifications into an occupational therapy home program. The participant was a 74-year-old man who survived a left hemisphere cerebrovascular attack 6 years prior to the study. The participant experienced upper extremity hemiparesis and aphasia post stroke and was appropriate for an occupational therapy home exercise program with aphasia-friendly modifications to facilitate comprehension of the home program. Aphasia-friendly modifications (e.g., gestures and visual aids) were made to assessments to support comprehension and participation. To support reading comprehension deficits during completion of the home program, the program materials had aphasia-friendly modifications, such as modified text, supportive images, and reduced cognitive load of exercises. Finally, research team members used supported conversational techniques during all study procedures.

Results
At the end of the home program, an interview with the participant revealed several outcomes regarding the home program and the aphasia-friendly modifications. The participant reported pictures and reduced text to be beneficial in understanding the instructions. He also indicated that he enjoyed completing the exercises independently (i.e., outside of a therapy office). The participant's motor function demonstrated changes in a positive direction, although not greater than the minimally detectable change for performance-based measures.

Conclusions
Aphasia-friendly modifications (e.g., modifying text, adding supportive images, and using gestures) were found to be supportive of participation in assessments for and creation of an upper extremity home program. Speech-language pathologists can support the participation of people with aphasia through interprofessional collaboration and consideration of environmental adaptations.
Deafness Gene Mutations in Newborns in the Foshan Area of South China With Bloodspot-Based Genetic Screening Tests
Authors: Cao Shunwang , Sha Yanhua , Ke Peifeng , Li Tingting , Yuan Weixi , Huang Xianzhang 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine the rate of deafness gene mutations in the Foshan area of South China.

Method

We enrolled the infants delivered in Foshan Maternity and Children's Healthcare Hospital. Deafness gene mutation was detected by HibriMax method. Our study tested 47,538 newborns within 3 days after birth, including 13 sites in four genes:
GJB2
(c.35 del G, c.176 del 16, c.235 del C, c.299 del AT, c.155 del TCTG),
GJB3
(c.583 C>T),
SLC26A4
(c.2168 A>G, c.919-2 A>G, c.1299 C>T), and
mtDNA 12S rRNA
(m.1555 A>G, m.1494 C>T, m.12201 T>C, m.7445 A>G). The birth condition of infants was collected, including sex, low or high birth weight, twins, and premature delivery.

Results

In a total of 47,538 newborns, 1,415 were positively identified with deafness gene mutations. The total rate of the deafness gene mutation was 2.976%. The carrier rates of
GJB2
(c.35 del G, c.176 del 16, c.235 del C, c.299 del AT, c.155 del TCTG),
GJB3
(c.583 C>T),
SLC26A4
(c.2168 A>G, c.919-2 A>G, c.1299 C>T), and
mtDNA 12S rRNA
(m.1555 A>G, m.1494 C>T, m.12201 T>C, m.7445 A>G) mutations were 0.000%, 0.048%, 1.422%, 0.185%, 0.000%, 0.076%, 0.116%, 0.755%, 0.160%, 0.187%, 0.021%, 0.000%, and 0.006%, respectively.

Conclusions

Our study showed that the c.235 del C
GJB2
mutation was the leading deafness-related mutation in the Foshan area of South China. Deafness gene mutations screening in newborns detected by bloodspot-based genetic screening tests can help the diagnosis of newborn congenital hearing loss.
Effects of ambient humidity and thermal aging on properties of Nomex insulation in mining dry‐type transformer
Authors: Li Lu , Song Jiancheng , Lei Zhipeng , Kang Ailiang , Wang Zhengyu , Men Rujia , Ma Yun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTemperature and humidity are the main factors that cause the decomposition of Nomex paper widely used as turn‐to‐turn insulation material of mining dry‐type transformers. In this study, for understanding the effect of ambient humidity and thermal aging on the properties of Nomex paper, specimens with the initial moisture content of 7% were aged in the oven for 168, 504, 672 h at 180°C, respectively. After thermal aging, corona discharge experiments of unaged and aged specimens with different aging degrees were carried out at different relative humidity (RH) levels from 10 to 70%. The characteristic parameters of corona discharge, such as the average discharge amplitude and the number of discharges, were measured. Then, the surface conductivity and the surface potential decay rate were measured. The morphology and attenuated total internal reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were also analysed for explaining the difference of properties between unaged and aged specimens. The experiment results indicate that the average discharge amplitude decreases with the increase of RH or the deepening of the aging degree of specimens, but the number of discharges shows the reversal tendency. The changes in the physical structure and chemical composition, which is induced by the hydrolysis reaction of Nomex paper, accelerate the surface potential decay and increase the surface conductivity.
Efficient ZVT cell for interleaved DC–DC converters
Authors: Akhlaghi Baharak , Farzanehfard Hosein 
Published: March 2020

Interleaved DC–DC converters are extensively employed in high‐power applications to reduce input/output current ripple, elements current stress, and improve reliability. In order to eliminate the switching losses in interleaved converters, zero voltage transition (ZVT) technique can be used. This study presents a new compact ZVT cell appropriate for interleaved converters. This cell employs a low number of elements while imposing no extra voltage and current stresses on the converter main semiconductors. The proposed cell is applied to an interleaved boost converter to achieve full soft switching feature. The resulting ZVT interleaved boost converter is completely analysed and its design procedure is provided. Also, the converter is compared with the latest prominent counterparts presented in literature. Besides, its operation and theoretical analysis are validated by a 200 W and 100 kHz prototype. Finally, the proposed ZVT cell is applied to other types of interleaved converters and a family of ZVT interleaved converters is introduced.
Stand‐alone multiple input photovoltaic inverter for maximum power extraction and voltage regulation under mismatched atmospheric conditions
Authors: Hema Chander Allamsetty , Sahu Lalit Kumar , Ghosh Subhojit 
Published: March 2020

In this study, a single‐phase multi‐input photovoltaic (PV) inverter has been proposed for simultaneously achieving maximum power extraction and load voltage regulation under various operating scenarios involving weather intermittency and dynamic loading. This is achieved by maintaining the PV modules in series for similar atmospheric conditions and by allowing isolated operation of individual modules during mismatched atmospheric conditions among different modules. The weather‐dependent operation of the modules allows efficient extraction of maximum power from all the modules by avoiding the modules to operate at the least maximum power point (MPP) among them, which has been a limitation of classical techniques aiming at MPP with multiple modules. A comprehensive analysis of the proposed inverter topology and its associated synchronous reference frame‐based control scheme has been carried out by considering a wide range of operating scenarios in terms of (i) maintaining the operation closer to MPP under varying irradiance levels and temperature; (ii) regulated output voltage for load variation. The appropriateness of the scheme has been compared with the existing state‐of‐the‐art topologies. In addition to the MATLAB simulation, validation has been carried out on a 300 W laboratory prototype.
The mass discrepancy in intermediate- and high-mass eclipsing binaries: The need for higher convective core masses
Authors: Tkachenko A. , Pavlovski K. , Johnston C. , Pedersen M. G. , Michielsen M. , Bowman D. M. , Southworth J. , Tsymbal V. , Aerts C. 
Published: March 2020

Context. Eclipsing, spectroscopic double-lined binary star systems are excellent laboratories for calibrating theories of stellar interior structure and evolution. Their precise and accurate masses and radii measured from binary dynamics offer model-independent constraints and challenge current theories of stellar evolution.
Aims. We aim to investigate the mass discrepancy in binary stars. This is the significant difference between stellar components’ masses measured from binary dynamics and those inferred from models of stellar evolution via positions of the components in the Teff − log g Kiel diagram. We study the effect of near-core mixing on the mass of the convective core of the stars and interpret the results in the context of the mass discrepancy.
Methods. We fitted stellar isochrones computed from a grid of MESA stellar evolution models to a homogeneous sample of eleven high-mass binary systems. Two scenarios are considered where individual stellar components of a binary system are treated independent of each other and where they are forced to have the same age and initial chemical composition. We also study the effect of the microturbulent velocity and turbulent pressure on the atmosphere model structure and stellar spectral lines, and its link with the mass discrepancy.
Results. We find that the mass discrepancy is present in our sample and that it is anti-correlated with the surface gravity of the star. No correlations are found with other fundamental and atmospheric parameters, including the stellar mass. The mass discrepancy can be partially accounted for by increasing the amount of near-core mixing in stellar evolution models. We also find that ignoring the microturbulent velocity and turbulent pressure in stellar atmosphere models of hot evolved stars results in the overestimation of their effective temperature by up to 8%. Together with enhanced near-core mixing, this can almost entirely account for the ∼30% mass discrepancy found for the evolved primary component of V380 Cyg.
Conclusions. We find a strong link between the mass discrepancy and the convective core mass. The mass discrepancy can be solved by considering the combined effect of extra near-core boundary mixing and the consistent treatment in the spectrum analysis of hot evolved stars. Our binary modelling results in convective core masses between 17 and 35% of the stellar mass, which is in excellent agreement with the results from gravity-mode asteroseismology of single stars. This implies larger helium core masses near the end of the main sequence than have been anticipated so far.
Quasi-stationarity for one-dimensional renormalized Brownian motion
Authors: Ocafrain William 
Published: March 2020

We are interested in the quasi-stationarity for the time-inhomogeneous Markov process$$X_t = \frac{B_t}{(t+1)^\kappa},$$where (Bt)t≥0is a one-dimensional Brownian motion andκ∈ (0,∞). We first show that the law ofXtconditioned not to go out from (−1, 1) until timetconverges weakly towards the Dirac measureδ0whenκ>½, whentgoes to infinity. Then, we show that this conditional probability measure converges weakly towards the quasi-stationary distribution for an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process whenκ=½. Finally, whenκ<½, it is shown that the conditional probability measure converges towards the quasi-stationary distribution for a Brownian motion. We also prove the existence of aQ-process and a quasi-ergodic distribution forκ=½ andκ<½.
Monsters: interdisciplinary explorations in monstrosity
Authors: Erle Sibylle , Hendry Helen 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere is a continued fascination with all things monster. This is partly due to the popular reception of Mary Shelley’s Monster, termed a ‘new species’ by its overreaching but admiringly determined maker Victor Frankenstein in the eponymous novel first published in 1818. The enduring impact of Shelley’s novel, which spans a plethora of subjects and genres in imagery and themes, raises questions of origin and identity, death, birth and family relationships, as well as the contradictory qualities of the monster. Monsters serve as metaphors for anxieties of aberration and innovation (Punter and Byron, 2004). Stephen Asma (2009) notes that monsters represent evil or moral transgression and each epoch, to speak with Michel Foucault (Abnormal: lectures at the Collège de France, 1975–75, 2003, p. 66), evidences a ‘particular type of monster’. Academic debates tend to explore how social and cultural threats come to be embodied in the figure of a monster and their actions literalise our deepest fears (Gilmore, 2009; Scott, 2007). Monsters in contemporary culture, however, have become more humane than ever before. Monsters are strong, resilient, creative and sly creatures. Through their playful and invigorating energy they can be seen to disrupt and unsettle. They still cater to the appetite for horror, but they also encourage us to feel empathy. The encounter with a monster can enable us to stop, wonder and change our attitudes towards technology, our body and each other. This commentary article considers the use of the concepts of ‘monsters’ or ‘monstrosity’ in literature, contemporary research, culture and teaching contexts at the intersection of the Humanities and the Social Sciences.