bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of 40 years of interpreting research in China (1978–2018)
Authors: Ren Wen , Cong Guo , Juan Huang 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Through the methods of literature review and content analysis of mostly journal articles (and occasionally other
types of literature when necessary), this paper is the first to examine and review the 40 years of development in interpreting
research in China (Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan all included) since the adoption of the policy of “reform and
opening up” in 1978. It divides these 40 years of interpreting research in China into three periods: a stage of initial
development (1978–1995), a stage of relatively quick development (1996–2005) and a stage of vigorous growth (2006–2018). Based on
a panoramic view of the general picture, the paper further investigates the popular research topics, major research methods and
main characteristics of each period through a combined quantitative and qualitative approach. Thus, it also showcases the overall
and period-specific characteristics of how interpreting research has progressed in China, as well as the quality and quantity of
the respective research results that were produced in the past 4 decades. This is followed by an analysis of the problems and
insufficiencies that exist in China’s interpreting studies at present. In so doing, the article is finally able to provide advice
for future interpreting research in China.
Drivers of Preference for Evidence-Based PTSD Treatment: A Qualitative Assessment
Authors: Etingen Bella , Grubbs Kathleen M , Harik Juliette M 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Mental health treatment utilization among persons with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) tends to be low but may be improved by aligning treatment with patient preferences. Our objective was to characterize the reasons that drive a person’s selection of a specific evidence-based PTSD treatment.

Materials and Methods
Data were collected using an online survey of adults who screened positive for PTSD. Participants viewed descriptions of five evidence-based PTSD treatments (cognitive processing therapy, prolonged exposure, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, stress inoculation training, antidepressant medication) and identified their most preferred treatment. Participants then explained why they selected their top choice. These free-text responses (n = 249) were analyzed using thematic coding and constant comparative methods.

Results
Identified themes included (1) perceived effectiveness, (2) perceived suitability, (3) requirements of participation, (4) familiarity with the modality, (5) perception of the option as ‘better than alternatives,’ (6) perception of the option as ‘not harmful,’ (7) accessibility, and (8) delivery format. Differences in themes were also examined by treatment modality.

Conclusions
By highlighting which pieces of information may be most important to detail when presenting different treatment options, these results can help guide treatment planning conversations, as well as the development of shared decision-making tools.
Military-Specific Normative Data for Cognitive and Motor Single- and Dual-Task Assessments for Use in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Assessment
Authors: McGrath Morgan K , Linder Susan M , Koop Mandy Miller , Zimmerman Nicole , Ballantyne Maj Aaron J , Ahrendt Dale M , Alberts Jay L 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTIntroductionMilitary personnel and civilian athletes are both at risk for mild traumatic brain injury. However, these groups are unique in their training and typical daily activities. A fundamental gap in the evaluation of military personnel following mild traumatic brain injury is the lack of military-specific normative reference data. This project aimed to determine if a separate normative sample should be used for military personnel on their performance of the Cleveland Clinic Concussion application and a recently developed dual-task module.MethodsData were collected from healthy military personnel (n = 305) and civilians (n = 281) 18 to 30 years of age. Participants completed the following assessments: simple and choice reaction time, Trail Making tests A&B, processing speed test, single-task postural stability, single-task cognitive assessment, and dual-task assessment.ResultsCivilian participants outperformed military service members on all cognitive tasks under single- and dual-task conditions (P ≤ 0.04). The military group outperformed civilians on all postural stability tasks under single- and dual-task conditions (P ≤ 0.01).ConclusionDifferences in cognitive performance and postural stability measures may be influenced by demographic differences between military and civilian cohorts. Thus, military-specific normative datasets must be established to optimize clinical interpretation of Cleveland Clinic Concussion assessments.
A probabilistic analysis of the Fermi paradox in terms of the Drake formula: the role of the L factor
Authors: Prantzos N 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTIn evaluating the number of technological civilizations N in the Galaxy through the Drake formula, emphasis is mostly put on the astrophysical and biotechnological factors describing the emergence of a civilization and much less on its the lifetime, which is intimately related to its demise. It is argued here that this factor is in fact the most important regarding the practical implications of the Drake formula, because it determines the maximal extent of the ‘sphere of influence’ of any technological civilization. The Fermi paradox is studied in the terms of a simplified version of the Drake formula, through Monte Carlo simulations of N civilizations expanding in the Galaxy during their space faring lifetime L. In the framework of that scheme, the probability of ‘direct contact’ is determined as the fraction of the Galactic volume occupied collectively by the ‘spheres of influence’ of N civilizations. The results of the analysis are used to determine regions in the parameter space where the Fermi paradox holds. It is argued that in a large region of the diagram the corresponding parameters suggest rather a ‘weak’ Fermi paradox. Future research may reveal whether a ‘strong’ paradox holds in some part of the parameter space. Finally, it is argued that the value of N is not bound by N = 1 from below, contrary to what is usually assumed, but it may have a statistical interpretation.
Can Physical Characteristics and Sports Bra Use Predict Exercise-Induced Breast Pain in Elite Female Athletes?
Authors: Brisbine Brooke R. , Steele Julie R. , Phillips Elissa J. , McGhee Deirdre E. 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
To evaluate whether a simple 4-factor model using self-reported data could be used to predict exercise-induced breast pain in elite female athletes.

Design:
Survey study.

Setting:
Online or hard-copy surveys completed at sporting competitions and training facilities around Australia.

Participants:
Four hundred ninety female athletes competing nationally or internationally across 49 sports.

Independent Variables:
A binomial logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the strength of a predictive model that included 2 continuous independent variables (age and body mass index) and 2 binary independent variables (breast size and sports bra use). Odds ratios were also calculated to determine the likelihood of an athlete reporting exercise-induced breast pain in association with each of the 4 variables.

Main Outcome Measures:
Exercise-induced breast pain was the binary dependent variable.

Results:
The model incorporating athlete age, breast size, body mass index, and sports bra use was found to be statistically significant, but weak, in its ability to predict exercise-induced breast pain in elite female athletes (correctly identified 66% of athletes). For every 1-year increase in age, a significant 2.6% increase in the likelihood of experiencing exercise-induced breast pain was observed. Athletes with medium-to-hypertrophic sized breasts were 5.5 times more likely to experience exercise-induced breast pain than athletes with small breasts.

Conclusions:
Although the current model was not sensitive enough for use by clinicians and coaches, age and breast size were both identified as critical variables in the prediction of exercise-induced breast pain. Future research is encouraged to investigate whether incorporating additional variables such body fat percentage, bra fit, and other relevant factors can add strength to the model.
The association of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Asfari Mohammad Maysara , Talal Sarmini Muhammad , Alomari Mohammad , Lopez Rocio , Dasarathy Srinivasan , McCullough Arthur J. 
Published: February 2020

Background
Current guidelines recommend surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in high-risk patients. This high risk is defined by the presence of cirrhosis. However, HCC due to underlying nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), even without progressing to cirrhosis, is a rising concern. Hence, we aimed to determine the association of HCC with NASH using a large national database.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed using the 2012 National Inpatient Sample. The study group was all adult patients’ age 18–90 years who have a diagnosis of NASH which was identified using the International Classification of Diseases 9th version (ICD-9) codes. The control group included the rest of adult individuals without discharge records of NASH. We identified the diagnosis of HCC in both study and control groups using the ICD-9 codes. We calculated the association between NASH and HCC using univariable and multivariate logistic regression.

Results
Totally, 30 712 524 hospitalizations were included in our study. This cohort included 218 950 patients with NASH (study group) and 30 493 574 patients without NASH (control group). The study group patients aged 57.3 ± 0.10 years (59.4% females) comparing to 54.5 ± 0.11 years (57.1% female) in the control group. HCC prevalence in subjects with NASH was 0.50% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.41–0.59] compared to 0.21% (95% CI: 0.20–0.23) in subjects without NASH (P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, gender, smoking, alcohol use, obesity, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, hemochromatosis, HIV, cirrhosis and the modified comorbidity index, subjects with NASH were 60% more likely to have HCC than those without NASH (adjusted odds ratio: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.4–1.9, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Our study showed that NASH patients are 60% more likely to develop HCC compared with patients without NASH. Close monitoring and even periodical surveillance might be needed.
The natural history of alcohol-related liver disease
Authors: Parker Richard 
Published: February 2020

Purpose of review
This review will describe the natural history of alcohol-related liver disease (ArLD) in light of recent data that have synthesized existing knowledge on this topic and described new research cohorts to improve our understanding of progression and outcomes in ArLD.

Recent findings
ArLD occurs after a threshold of alcohol consumption, but this threshold is lowered by the presence of comorbid factors of which obesity is the most common. The most common stage of ArLD is alcohol-related steatosis: this is associated with a low rate of progression to cirrhosis (3%/year) and nonliver-related morbidity is more likely (4 versus 1%/year). In contrast, alcohol-related steatohepatitis or cirrhosis is more dangerous with higher rates of both nonliver and liver-related mortality. Hepatocellular carcinoma occurs at approximately 3%/year amongst people with ArLD cirrhosis.

Summary
These data allow an understanding of ArLD to accurately counsel patients and also to guide public health policies. Awareness of the shortcomings of the available data, highlighted in a recent systematic review, will inform the design of further research in particular to describe the multiple interacting factors that may cause ArLD to regress or progress.
HIV nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis for sexual assault cases: a 3-year investigation
Authors: Shipeolu Lolade , Sampsel Kari , Reeves Allegra , Blaskovits Farriss , Heimerl Melissa , Muldoon Katherine 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
Nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP) programs offer antiretroviral therapy to prevent HIV following at-risk exposures like sexual assault. We investigated the levels of elective nPEP uptake among sexual assault cases presenting for emergency medical care.

Design:
Retrospective analysis.

Methods:
The analysis included over 3 years (1 January 2015 to 30 September 2018) of clinic information from the Sexual Assault and Partner Abuse Care Program (SAPACP) at The Ottawa Hospital, the regional emergency department care point following sexual assault. Descriptive analyses assessed the number of cases eligible for nPEP and those who started nPEP. Bivariable/multivariable logistic regression modelling assessed factors most strongly associated with starting nPEP using odds ratios (OR), adjusted OR (AOR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results:
The SAPACP saw 1712 patients; 1032 were sexual assault cases, 494 were eligible for nPEP, and 307/494 (62%) eligible patients started nPEP. The median age was 23 years (IQR: 20–31), with 446 (90%) cases being female. There were 86 (17%) cases who arrived by ambulance, and 279 (56%) assaults involving a known assailant. Reduced odds of starting nPEP were observed among female cases (AOR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.21–0.93), those who arrived by ambulance (AOR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35–0.91), and those with a known assailant (AOR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.36–0.78).

Conclusion:
We found that 62% of eligible sexual assault cases started nPEP. Key groups most likely to decline nPEP included female cases, those who arrived by ambulance, and those with known assailants. Providers can use these findings to provide recommendations to sexual assault survivors most likely to decline nPEP, yet still in need of care.
Clinical and immunologic features in severe and moderate forms of Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Chen Guang , Wu Di , Guo Wei , Cao Yong , Huang Da , Wang Hongwu , Wang Tao , Zhang Xiaoyun , Chen Huilong , Yu Haijing , Zhang Xiaoping , Zhang Minxia , Wu Shiji , Song Jianxin , Chen Tao , Han Meifang , Li Shusheng , Luo Xiaoping , Zhao Jianping , Ning Qin 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundSince late December, 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia cases caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, and continued to spread throughout China and across the globe. To date, few data on immunologic features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported.MethodsIn this single-centre retrospective study, a total of 21 patients with pneumonia who were laboratory-confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan Tongji hospital were included from Dec 19, 2019 to Jan 27, 2020. The immunologic characteristics as well as their clinical, laboratory, radiological features were compared between 11 severe cases and 10 moderate cases.ResultsOf the 21 patients with COVID-19, only 4 (19%) had a history of exposure to the Huanan seafood market. 7 (33.3%) patients had underlying conditions. The average age of severe and moderate cases was 63.9 and 51.4 years, 10 (90.9%) severe cases and 7 (70.0%) moderate cases were male. Common clinical manifestations including fever (100%, 100%), cough (70%, 90%), fatigue (100%, 70%) and myalgia (50%, 30%) in severe cases and moderate cases. PaO2/FiO2 ratio was significantly lower in severe cases (122.9) than moderate cases (366.2). Lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in severe cases (0.7 × 10□/L) than moderate cases (1.1 × 10□/L). Alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase levels, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and ferritin were significantly higher in severe cases (41.4 U/L, 567.2 U/L, 135.2 mg/L and 1734.4 ug/L) than moderate cases (17.6 U/L, 234.4 U/L, 51.4 mg/L and 880.2 ug /L). IL-2R, TNF-α and IL-10 concentrations on admission were significantly higher in severe cases (1202.4 pg/mL, 10.9 pg/mL and 10.9 pg/mL) than moderate cases (441.7 pg/mL, 7.5 pg/mL and 6.6 pg/mL). Absolute number of total T lymphocytes, CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells decreased in nearly all the patients, and were significantly lower in severe cases (332.5, 185.6 and 124.3 × 106/L) than moderate cases (676.5, 359.2 and 272.0 × 106/L). The expressions of IFN-γ by CD4+T cells tended to be lower in severe cases (14.6%) than moderate cases (23.6%).ConclusionThe SARS-CoV-2 infection may affect primarily T lymphocytes, particularly CD4+T cells, resulting in significant decrease in number as well as IFN-γ production, which may be associated with disease severity. Together with clinical characteristics, early immunologic indicators including diminished T lymphocytes and elevated cytokines may serve as potential markers for prognosis in COVID-19.
Students’ attitudes towards knowledge and the future of work
Authors: Frunzaru Valeriu , Corbu Nicoleta 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent secondary school students’ interest in intellectual development influences key abilities necessary to cope with the future of work. In the ever-changing world of work, deeply influenced by new technologies and cultural diversity in the workforce, young people must develop three essential traits to increase their capacity to quickly adapt to the situation in the labour market: openness to lifelong learning, critical thinking skills related to online information (of which online fact-checking is a key component) and openness to a multicultural society. In this paper, it is argued that these traits are directly related to young people’s interest in intellectual development but that additional interdependencies between these three traits complicate this equation.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a survey of secondary school students in the 12th grade (N = 1221). A hypothesized conceptual model was tested with AMOS software for structural equation modelling.

Findings
The findings show that students who are more interested in intellectual development are more open to lifelong learning. The relationship between intellectualism and lifelong learning is also mediated by online fact-checking. Moreover, the higher the interest in lifelong learning, the higher the openness to multiculturality. There is, however, no direct relationship between interest in intellectual development and multiculturality.

Practical implications
The results of this study will help making recommendations to three key stakeholders: young people, teachers and policymakers. They could have a practical impact on the labour market in the future.

Originality/value
This paper examines a topic that has not been systematically studied, namely, the possible influence of intellectualism on the future of work. The findings highlight the possible negative effects of a lack of interest in intellectual development on lifelong learning, living and working in a multicultural environment and processing online information.
Increasing the delivery of upper limb constraint‐induced movement therapy post‐stroke: A feasibility implementation study
Authors: McCluskey Annie , Massie Louise , Gibson Gillian , Pinkerton Lisa , Vandenberg Ana 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntroductionFew stroke survivors receive upper limb constraint‐induced movement therapy (CIMT). The aims of this study were to evaluate whether a behaviour change program for occupational therapists increased the number of stroke survivors receiving CIMT, describe the time and process involved in delivering the first program, any adverse events, fidelity and dose of CIMT provided, and upper limb outcomes.MethodsA feasibility pre‐post implementation study design was used, with intervention and measures for therapists and stroke survivors. Intervention for occupational therapists was informed by the Behaviour Change Wheel and included CIMT training, barrier identification, mentoring and a community of practice. Therapists delivered 2‐week CIMT programs with 1:1 supervision, first assisting stroke survivors to identify upper limb goals using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. The primary outcome was change in the number of stroke survivors receiving CIMT (program reach). Hours associated with program delivery, adverse events and participant repetitions were recorded (program fidelity and dose). Change in motor function was measured (fidelity) using the Motor Assessment Scale (Upper Limb), Box and Block Test, Nine Hole Peg Test and Motor Activity Log at baseline, program completion (2 weeks), 1 and 12 months.ResultsProgram reach: Sixteen stroke participants were recruited (mean 15.3 months post‐stroke, SD 11.9) and six CIMT programs conducted over 24 months, compared to none pre‐implementation. The first CIMT program required a mean of 242 hours for preparation and delivery. All programs were student‐assisted. Fidelity and dose: Stroke participants completed a mean of 360.6 repetitions/hour (SD 183.7), and 12,719.6 repetitions/program (SD 6,872.8). Statistically significant changes in upper limb motor function were recorded; some changes were clinically important.ConclusionsThe behaviour change program resulted in multiple CIMT programs being delivered safely and with fidelity. Capacity building and skill development took many hours, as did preparation for the first CIMT program.
Population pharmacokinetics and Bayesian estimators for intravenous mycophenolate mofetil in haematopoietic stem cell transplant patients
Authors: Labriffe Marc , Vaidie Julien , Monchaud Caroline , Debord Jean , Turlure Pascal , Girault Stephane , Marquet Pierre , Woillard Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: February 2020

AimsIntravenous mycophenolate mofetil (IV MMF), a prodrug of mycophenolic acid (MPA), is used during nonmyeloablative and reduced‐intensity conditioning haematopoetic stem cell transplantation (HCT) to improve engraftment and reduce graft‐versus‐host disease. The aims of this study were to develop population pharmacokinetic models and Bayesian estimators based on limited sampling strategies to allow for individual dose adjustment of intravenous mycophenolate mofetil administered by infusion in haematopoietic stem cell transplant patients.MethodsSixty‐three MPA concentration–time profiles (median [min–max] = 6 [4–7] samples) were collected from 34 HCT recipients transplanted for 14 (1–45) days and administered IV MMF every 8 hours, concomitantly with cyclosporine. The database was split into development (75%) and validation (25%) datasets. Pharmacokinetic models characterized by a single compartment with first‐order elimination, combined with two gamma distributions to describe the transformation of MMF into mycophenolic acid, were developed using in parallel nonparametric (Pmetrics) and parametric (ITSIM) approaches. The performances of the models and the derived Bayesian estimators were evaluated in the validation set.ResultsThe best limited sampling strategy led to a bias (min, max), root mean square error between observed and modeled interdose areas under the curve in the validation dataset of −11.72% (−31.08%, 5.00%), 14.9% for ITSIM and −2.21% (−23.40%, 30.01%), 12.4% for Pmetrics with three samples collected at 0.33, 2 and 3 hours post dosing.ConclusionPopulation pharmacokinetic models and Bayesian estimators for IV MMF in HCT have been developed and are now available online (https://pharmaco.chu-limoges.fr) for individual dose adjustment based on the interdose area under the curve.