bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in stomatal conductance responses of cotton cultivars to high vapour pressure deficit under controlled and rainfed environments
Authors: Shekoofa Avat , Safikhan Sara , Snider John L. , Raper Tyson B. , Bourland Freddie M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCotton is often negatively impacted by drought periods; thus, plant traits that alleviate the impacts of drought on cotton are highly desirable. The limited‐transpiration rate (TRlim) trait under high vapour pressure deficit (VPD) can conserve soil water and prolong crop physiological activity as water deficit progresses. The current research objective was to compare the expression of TRlim in cotton cultivars under variable VPD and temperatures by whole‐plant transpiration in controlled environments and by leaf‐level gas exchange measurements in the field. All cultivars expressed the TRlim trait in a controlled environment with high VPD at 32°C; however, at 38°C, only 5 out of 7 commercial and 2 out of 4 conventional cultivars expressed TRlim. Field trials during 2017 and 2018 showed all 4 commercial cultivars that expressed TRlim in a controlled environment at 38°C expressed TRlim, but shifts in VPD breakpoints were observed. Among conventional cultivars, 2 out of 4 expressed TRlim trait. Cultivars that expressed TRlim also delayed wilting under rainfed environments when soil water deficits developed and resulted in greater lint yields. Three commercial and two conventional cultivars that expressed the TRlim trait in field trials also resulted in greater predawn leaf water potential (LWP). Cultivars that expressed the TRlim trait had significantly higher lint yields only during 2017. This study indicates that the impact of TRlim trait on yield is relatively small in years with adequate rainfall.
Overview of systematic reviews: Effectiveness of non‐pharmacological interventions for eating difficulties in people with dementia
Authors: Li Liyu , Zhao Yajie , Wang Yi , Wang Zhiwen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effectiveness of non‐pharmacological interventions for eating difficulties in people with dementia (PWD).BackgroundEat difficulties are common problems in PWD. Prolonged eating difficulties may lead to inadequate/excessive food and drink intake and other adverse outcomes.DesignOverview of systematic reviews.Data sourcesCochrane Library, JBI Library, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, CNKI, WANFANG, from inception up until 23 September 2019.Review methodsThis overview was conducted in accordance with methodological recommendations of Cochrane. Two researchers independently selected studies based on inclusion criteria, extracted data, assessed eligible studies using AMSTAR 2 and GRADE system, and summarized the conclusions.ResultsEighteen systematic reviews were included. Some evidence showed that environmental modifications, education/training, and Oral nutrition supplements (ONS) were beneficial to improving eating difficulties. But the current evidence failed to support the effectiveness of other interventions.ConclusionThe overall confidence of systematic reviews is relatively low. High‐quality studies are needed to further validate the effectiveness of non‐pharmacological interventions for eating difficulties in PWD.ImpactThis overview provides evidence on the effectiveness of non‐pharmacological interventions for eating difficulties in PWD. It will guide caregivers to choose more effective interventions to cope with eating difficulties and reduce the risk of adverse outcomes.
Sensors for rate‐adaptive pacing: How they work, strengths, and limitations
Authors: Trohman Richard G. , Huang Henry D. , Larsen Timothy , Krishnan Kousik , Sharma Parikshit S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChronotropic incompetence is the inability of the sinus node to increase heart rate commensurate with increased metabolic demand. Cardiac pacing alone may be insufficient to address exercise intolerance, fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, and other symptoms of chronotropic incompetence. Rate‐responsive (adaptive) pacing employs sensors to detect physical or physiological indices and mimic the response of the normal sinus node. This review describes the development, strengths, and limitations of a variety of sensors that have been employed to address chronotropic incompetence. A mini‐tutorial on programming rate‐adaptive parameters is included along with emphasis that patients' lifestyles and underlying medical conditions require careful consideration. In addition, special sensor applications used to respond prophylactically to physiologic signals are detailed and an in‐depth discussion of sensors as a potential aid in heart failure management is provided.
Endogenous GDF11 regulates odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Qi Xingying , Xiao Qingyue , Sheng Rui , Jiang Shuang , Yuan Quan , Liu Weiqing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDental stem cell‐based tooth regeneration is the futuristic treatment for missing teeth. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), a novel member of the TGF‐beta superfamily, has been reported to play a critical role in regulating stem cell differentiation. However, the role of endogenous GDF11 during dental stem cell differentiation remains unknown. Here, we have shown that GDF11 was highly expressed in dental pulp tissues in both mouse and human. Knockdown of endogenous GDF11 in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) led to comparable proliferation and migration but attenuated odontogenic differentiation as evidenced by alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red S staining. In addition, transcriptional levels of odontogenic‐related genes were significantly down‐regulated according to real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Mechanistically, we performed RNA sequencing analysis and found that silencing of endogenous GDF11 compromised the process of ossification and osteoblast differentiation, especially down‐regulated transcription expression of Wnt pathway‐specific genes. Immunofluorescence staining also showed diminished β‐catenin expression and nuclei accumulation after knockdown of endogenous GDF11 in hDPSCs. In summary, our results suggested that endogenous GDF11 positively regulate odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs through canonical Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway.
New Partners for the Planet? The European Union and China in International Climate Governance from a Role‐Theoretical Perspective†
Authors: Gurol Julia , Starkmann Anna 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOnly with the three largest emitters (the EU, China and the US) building a coalition was it possible to conclude the Paris Agreement in 2015. With the announced withdrawal of the US, the interdependence between the EU and China has increased significantly. Both actors have reiterated their will to implement the Paris Agreement and to cooperate on climate change. In times of political constraints between the EU and China, this seems puzzling. The paper takes a role‐theoretic perspective to assess the following question: How can the changing roles of the EU and China, ascribed to them by external and internal expectations, explain their increased climate cooperation? It draws on a qualitative text analysis of policy documents and expert interviews. The paper concludes with a discussion of the findings against the backdrop of growing tensions between the EU and China.
Micro‐ribonucleic acid‐23a‐3p prevents the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus by suppressing the activation of nucleotide‐binding oligomerization‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammatory bodies‐caused pyroptosis through negatively regulating NIMA‐related kinase 7
Authors: Chang Hongye , Chang Hongjuan , Cheng Tuanjie , Lee Garrick D , Chen Xiaoping , Qi Kunqing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionMicro‐ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) possess crucial functions in governing metabolisms associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR‐23a‐3p in pyroptosis caused by nucleotide‐binding oligomerization‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory body activation, thereby reducing the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsmiR‐23a‐3p and NIMA‐related kinase 7 (NEK7) expression in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and rat models was examined. Dual‐luciferase reporter gene experiments were used to verify the targeting relationship between miR‐23a‐3p and NEK7. Bone marrow‐derived macrophages were transfected with miR‐23a‐3p mimic, miR‐23a‐3p inhibitor or short hairpin NEK7 and were treated with a specific activator of NLRP3 inflammatory body (lipopolysaccharide + adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate) to evaluate expression of NEK7, miR‐23a‐3p, gasdermin D p30, pro‐caspase‐1 and caspase‐1 in cells, and interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α in supernatant. Type 2 diabetes mellitus rat models were used to observe the influences of miR‐23a‐3p, NEK7 and NLRP3 inflammatory body on pyroptosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus in vivo.ResultsNEK7 was overexpressed, whereas miR‐23a‐3p was underexpressed in patients and rat models with type 2 diabetes mellitus. NEK7 was a target gene of miR‐23a‐3p. After the addition of lipopolysaccharide + adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate in bone marrow‐derived macrophages, the expression of miR‐23a‐3p subsequently declined. Furthermore, the addition of lipopolysaccharide + adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate elevated NEK7, NLRP3, pro‐caspase‐1, cle‐caspase‐1 and gasdermin D p30 expressions in bone marrow‐derived macrophages, and enhanced levels of interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α in the supernatant, accompanied with conspicuous cell pyroptosis, which was reversed after miR‐23a‐3p overexpression and NEK7 silencing. miR‐23a‐3p overexpression alleviated liver and kidney damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats, and reduced NLRP3‐induced pyroptosis.ConclusionsTargeting NEK7 by miR‐23a‐3p could reduce NLRP3‐induced pyroptosis, and assuage liver and kidney injuries in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats.
Conspecific density and environmental complexity impact behaviour of turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri)
Authors: Thoré Eli S. J. , Brendonck Luc , Pinceel Tom 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFish models are essential for research in many biological and medical disciplines. With a typical lifespan of only 6 months, the Turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri) was recently established as a time‐ and cost‐efficient model to facilitate whole‐life and multigenerational studies in several research fields, including behavioural ecotoxicology. Essential information on the behavioural norm and on how laboratory conditions affect behaviour, however, is deficient. In the current study, we examined the impact of the social and structural environment on a broad spectrum of behavioural endpoints in N. furzeri. While structural enrichment affected only fish boldness and exploratory behaviour, fish rearing density affected the total body length, locomotor activity, boldness, aggressiveness and feeding behaviour of N. furzeri individuals. Overall, these results contribute to compiling a behavioural baseline for N. furzeri that increases the applicability of this new model species. Furthermore, our findings will fuel the development of improved husbandry protocols to maximize the welfare of N. furzeri in a laboratory setting.
Phylogenetic characterization of Polish isolates of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in salmonid fish
Authors: Maj‐Paluch Joanna , Matras Marek , Borzym Ewa , Stachnik Magdalena , Reichert Michal 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionInfectious pancreatic necrosis virus belongs to the genus Aquabirnavirus and family Birnaviridae. By VP2 gene similarity, aquatic birnavirus is clustered into seven genogroups. The aim of this study was to genetically analyse IPN viruses occurring on Polish fish farms.Materials and MethodsSamples from freshwater fish mostly from 2012 to 2013 and from northern Poland were examined for the presence of IPN virus using isolation on cell cultures, real‐time RT‐PCR and RT‐PCR. Fragments of 1,377 and 1,079 bp of the VP2 and VP5 genes, respectively, were sequenced, and the results were assembled into one consensus and analysed by Geneious software. The same VP2 gene region was compared and a phylogenetic tree generated by the neighbour‐joining method and MEGA6 software.ResultsAll tested Polish isolates belonged to genogroup 5, like other European Spajurup isolates.ConclusionOur findings prove that there is only one IPN virus genogroup in Poland. Polish isolates show close relationships with each other. There is a close relationship between Polish isolates and isolates from Turkey, Spain and Iran. Isolate 57 is a separate branch related to isolates from the United States and Taiwan. This points to the likelihood of past virus introduction via import of stock from those countries.
1D/2D stormwater modelling to support urban flood risk management in estuarine areas: Hazard assessment in the Dafundo case study
Authors: Cardoso Maria Adriana , Almeida Maria Céu , Brito Rita S. , Gomes João L. , Beceiro Paula , Oliveira Anabela 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFlood risk management in urban areas adjacent to the coast is essential to increase their resilience. This study aims at improving scientific knowledge of flood risk alongside estuaries, considering different hazards and integrating estuarine and urban drainage modelling. Mathematical modelling of stormwater systems is a useful tool to evaluate the susceptibility to flooding and identify potential measures to reduce flood risk. The assessment of urban drainage flooding uses a coupled 1D/2D model, applying 1D model to the underground system and 2D model for the surface component. Assessment scenarios were based on variables rainfall, estuarine water level, and degree of obstruction in sewers and at system outfalls. Estuarine hydrodynamics were simulated using the SCHISM‐WWM model. A web GIS platform was developed to support urban flood risk forecast and management providing urban analysis visualisation. The main objective is to forecast flooding in the Dafundo catchment supporting definition of population warnings. This paper proposes a flood risk assessment approach, using 1D/2D coupled modelling, estuarine hydrodynamics, integrating the assessment in a forecast web platform. The novelty is supporting an integrated flood risk management in stormwater systems, particularly in estuarine areas, providing an important improvement to assess flooding occurrence, regarding flood depth, area and duration.
Prevalence of Salmonella serotypes S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium in poultry and poultry products
Authors: Shivaning Karabasanavar Nagappa , Benakabhat Madhavaprasad Chakkodabail , Agalagandi Gopalakrishna Shilpa , Hiremath Jagadish , Shivanagowda Patil Girish , B Barbuddhe Sukhadeo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractSalmonella continues to be a major food safety and public health threat. In the present study, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes Enteritidis (SE) and Typhimurium (ST) were isolated from poultry and characterized for virulence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and biofilm formation. Prevalence of Salmonella serotypes in poultry was 3.35%; predominant serotypes isolated were S. Enteritidis (68.1%) and S. Typhimurium (31.8%). Source‐wise, Salmonella were isolated from retail market chicken meat (4.8%), live chicken at farm (2.5%), and table eggs (2.1%). Salmonella isolates produced invA gene of 284 bp (100%), spvR gene of 310 bp (77.27%), spvC gene of 571 bp (22.72%), and stn gene of 260 bp (100%) as virulence/ pathogenicity determinants. Salmonella isolates exhibited resistance to common antimicrobials; 72.7% isolates showed multiple resistance (≥3 antimicrobial class), highest resistance was observed for polymyxin‐B (81.8%) followed by nalidixic acid (72.7%), colistin (59.1%), ampicillin/tetracyline (45.5%), ampicillin + sulbactam (40.9%), cefodroxil (18.2%), streptomycin (9.1%), and cefazidine/ceftriaxone‐tazobactam (4.5%). Multiple antimicrobial resistance (MAR) index of poultry Salmonella isolates ranged from 0.11 to 0.35; wherein, 59.1% isolates showed MAR of >0.2. About 81.8% Salmonella isolates produced biofilm and were categorized as strong (13.6%), moderate (45.4%), and weak (22.7%) biofilm producers. Occurrence of antimicrobial resistant virulent Salmonella strains in poultry requires implementation of suitable strategies so as to protect the public health.
A review on medical management of inflammatory bowel disease during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Authors: Chela Harleen , Pasha Syed Bilal , Wan Xiu‐Feng , Ghouri Yezaz A 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has engulfed the world and is the highlight of medical community at this time. As humanity fights the battle against this virus, questions are arising regarding the appropriate management of at risk patient populations. The immunocompromised cohort is particularly susceptible to this infection, and we have tried to explore the medical management of one such group, which is composed of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There is limited data on the management of IBD during the ongoing pandemic. Several medical societies have put forth suggestions on how to manage immunocompromised patients in order to minimize risk of developing coronavirus disease 2019. This review aims to present available recommendations from experts and provides an insight on preventive and therapeutic strategies that can be implemented for the medical management of patients with IBD. We anticipate that as more information arises, new guidelines will emerge.
Arabidopsis E3 ligase KEG associates with and ubiquitinates MKK4 and MKK5 to regulate plant immunity
Authors: Gao Chenyang , Sun Pengwei , Wang Wei , Tang Dingzhong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are highly conserved signaling modules that regulate plant immune responses. The Arabidopsis thaliana Raf‐like MAPK kinase kinase ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE1 (EDR1) is a key negative regulator of plant immunity that affects the protein levels of MKK4 and MKK5, two important MAPK cascade members, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, genome‐wide phosphorylation analysis demonstrated that the E3 ligase KEEP ON GOING (KEG) is phosphorylated in the edr1 mutant but not the wild type, suggesting that EDR1 negatively affects KEG phosphorylation. The identified phosphorylation sites in KEG appear to be important for its accumulation. The keg‐4 mutant, a previously identified edr1 suppressor, enhances susceptibility to the powdery mildew pathogen Golovinomyces cichoracearum. In addition, MKK4 and MKK5 protein levels are reduced in the keg‐4 mutant. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MKK4 and MKK5 associate with full‐length KEG, but not with truncated KEG‐RK or KEG‐RKA, and that KEG ubiquitinates and mediates the degradation of MKK4 and MKK5. Taken together, these results indicate that MKK4 and MKK5 protein levels are regulated by KEG via ubiquitination, uncovering a mechanism by which plants fine‐tune immune responses by regulating the homeostasis of key MAPK cascade members via ubiquitination and degradation.
Prolactin receptor‐mediated activation of pSTAT5 in the pregnant mouse brain
Authors: Gustafson Papillon , Ladyman Sharon R. , McFadden Sarah , Larsen Caroline , Khant Aung Zin , Brown Rosemary S. E. , Bunn Stephen J. , Grattan David R. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPregnancy represents a period of remarkable adaptive physiology throughout the body, with many of these important adaptations mediated by changes in gene transcription in the brain. A marked activation of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) has been described in the brain during pregnancy and likely drives some of these changes. We aimed to investigate the physiological mechanism causing this increase in phosphorylated STAT5 (pSTAT5) during pregnancy. In various tissues, STAT5 is known to be activated by a number of different cytokines, including erythropoietin, growth hormone and prolactin. Because the lactogenic hormones that act through the prolactin receptor (PRLR), prolactin and its closely‐related placental analogue placental lactogen, are significantly increased during pregnancy, we hypothesised that this receptor was primarily responsible for the pregnancy‐induced increase in pSTAT5 in the brain. By examining temporal changes in plasma prolactin levels and the pattern of pSTAT5 immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus during early pregnancy, we found that the level of pSTAT5 was sensitive to circulating levels of endogenous prolactin. Using a transgenic model to conditionally delete PRLRs from forebrain neurones (Prlrlox/lox/CamK‐Cre), we assessed the relative contribution of the PRLR to the up‐regulation of pSTAT5 in the brain of pregnant mice. In the absence of PRLRs on most forebrain neurones, a significant reduction in pSTAT5 was observed throughout the hypothalamus and amygdala in late pregnancy, confirming that PRLR is key in mediating this response. The exception to this was the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, where only 17% of pSTAT5 immunoreactivity during pregnancy was in PRLR‐expressing cells. Taken together, these data indicate that, although there are region‐specific mechanisms involved, lactogenic activity through the PRLR is the primary signal activating STAT5 in the brain during pregnancy.
Embedding skin tone diversity into undergraduate nurse education: Through the lens of pressure injury
Authors: Oozageer Gunowa Neesha , Brooke Joanne , Hutchinson Marie , Jackson Debra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore health disparity in on‐campus undergraduate nurse education through the analysis of teaching and teaching material exploring pressure injuries.BackgroundAs a discipline, nursing espouses ideologies of inclusion, equity and valuing diversity. However, little is known about how these ideologies translate into clinical care. Pressure injury prevention is a routine aspect of nursing care; yet, there is evidence of inequity in relation to clinical care and patient assessment, as people with darker skin tones have a higher prevalence of severe pressure injuries before detection of damage occurs. Despite limited literature being available surrounding the topic of pressure injuries and skin tone diversity, it remains the responsibility of nurse educators to address contemporary issues and health disparity within the nursing curriculum.DesignA multiple method collective case study. The STROBE checklist was followed in reporting this study.MethodsDocumentary and observational data of lectures regarding pressure injuries were collected during 2017 and 2018 from five Higher Education Institutes in England delivering approved nursing undergraduate programmes.ResultsDocumentary analysis confirmed all Higher Education Institutes overwhelmingly directed teaching and learning activities about pressure injury towards people with Caucasian skin tones. Observation of teaching indicated all teaching sessions only contained brief, separate and superficial information on people with pressure injuries and darker skin tones. There was no discursive language or awareness of colour or colour blindness.ConclusionRadical critique of all teaching and learning activities needs to occur, to help explore, improve and meaningfully and authentically include diversity and inclusivity in nurse education, and in particular, how people across the skin tone spectrum are included and represented in teaching and learning activities.Relevance to clinical practice

Critical examination of current teaching practice is crucial to address disparity and ensure care for people with darker skin tones is optimised.

Nurse educators have a responsibility to educate for the care needs of all, as the quality of nurse education has a direct impact on care delivery and health disparity.

This paper highlights the importance of addressing skin tone diversity and offers the opportunity for reflective practice, not just in formal education, but in clinical settings by preceptors and senior staff.