bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The comparison of two mealtime insulin dosing algorithms for high and low glycaemic index meals in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Erdal Busra , Caferoglu Zeynep , Hatipoglu Nihal 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsPostprandial glycaemic variability carries on being a clinical challenge in optimizing glucose control in type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to compare the postprandial glycaemic effects of carbohydrate counting and food insulin index algorithms following the consumption of protein‐rich, high‐fat meals with different glycaemic index (GI) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.MethodsA randomized, single‐blind and crossover trial included 15 adolescents aged 14–18 years with type 1 diabetes. Participants consumed two different test meals with similar energy, macronutrients and food insulin index but the approximately twofold difference in GI, in random order on four consecutive mornings at their home. Insulin dose for high‐ and low‐GI test meals was determined by using the carbohydrate counting and food insulin index algorithms. Four‐hour postprandial glycaemia was assessed by the continuous glucose monitoring system.ResultsCompared with carbohydrate counting, the food insulin index algorithm significantly decreased peak glucose excursion (−57%, p = 0.02), incremental area under the curve (−65%, p = 0.02) and coefficient variation of blood glucose (−37%, p = 0.03) in the high‐GI meal, though there was no difference between the two algorithms in the low‐GI meal. The occurrence of hypoglycaemia did not significantly differ between insulin dosing algorithms for the high‐GI (p = 0.58) and low‐GI (p = 0.20) meals.ConclusionsThe food insulin index algorithm may be beneficial for postprandial glycaemic control after the consumption of high‐GI meals in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Monitoring equine ascarid and cyathostomin parasites: Evaluating health parameters under different treatment regimens
Authors: Nielsen Martin K. , Gee Erica K. , Hansen Alyse , Waghorn Tania , Bell Julie , Leathwick Dave M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundStrongylid and ascarid parasites are omnipresent in equine stud farms, and ever‐increasing levels of anthelmintic resistance are challenging the industry with finding more sustainable and yet effective parasite control programs.ObjectivesTo evaluate egg count levels, bodyweight and equine health under defined parasite control protocols in foals and mares at two Standardbred and two Thoroughbred stud farms.Study designLongitudinal randomised field trial.MethodsA total of 93 foals were enrolled and split into two treatment groups, and 99 mares were enrolled and assigned to three treatment groups. All horses underwent a health examination, and episodes of colic or diarrhoea were recorded at each faecal collection date. Bodyweights were assessed using a weight tape, and mares were body condition scored. Group A foals (FA) were dewormed at 2 and 5 months of age with a fenbendazole/ivermectin/praziquantel product, while group B foals (FB) were dewormed on a monthly basis, alternating between the above‐mentioned product and an oxfendazole/pyrantel embonate product. Group A mares (MA) were dewormed twice with fenbendazole/ivermectin/praziquantel, group B mares (MB) were dewormed with the same product, when egg counts exceeded 300 strongylid eggs per gram, and group C mares (MC) were dewormed every 2 months, alternating between the two products. Health data were collected monthly for 6 months (foals) and bimonthly for 13 months (mares). Data were analysed with mixed linear models and interpreted at the α = 0.05 significance level.ResultsThere were no significant bodyweight differences between foal groups, but MA mares were significantly lighter than the other two groups. Very few health incidents were recorded. Foals in group FA had significantly higher ascarid and strongylid egg counts, whereas no significant differences were observed between mare groups.Main limitationsStudy duration limited to one season.ConclusionsAnthelmintic treatment intensity was lowered from the traditional intensive regimes without measurable negative health consequences for mares and foals.
Potential treatment of keloid pathogenesis with follistatin 288 by blocking the activin molecular pathway
Authors: Ham Seungmin , Harrison Craig , de Kretser David , Wallace Euan M. , Southwick Graeme , Temple‐Smith Peter 
Published: October 2020

AbstractKeloids are benign tumours caused by abnormal wound healing driven by increased expression of cytokines, including activin A. This study compared effects of activins on normal and keloid‐derived human dermal fibroblasts and investigated a novel treatment for keloids using follistatin. Normal skin and keloid tissue samples from 11 patients were used to develop primary fibroblast cultures, which were compared in terms of their histology and relevant gene (qRT‐PCR and RNAseq) and protein (ELISA) expression. Activin A (INHBA) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) gene expression were significantly upregulated in keloid fibroblasts, as was activin A protein expression in cell lysates and culture medium. Activator protein 1 inhibitor (SR11302) significantly decreased INHBA and CTGF expression in keloid fibroblasts and a single treatment of follistatin over 5 days significantly inhibited activin and various matrix‐related genes in keloid fibroblasts when compared to controls. Follistatin, by binding activin A, suppressed CTGF expression suggesting a novel therapeutic role in managing keloids and perhaps other fibrotic diseases.
p53 immunohistochemical analysis of fusion‐positive uterine sarcomas
Authors: Mohammad Nissreen , Stewart Colin J R , Chiang Sarah , Turashvili Gulisa , Dickson Brendan C , Ng Tony L , Köbel Martin , McCluggage W Glenn , Croce Sabrina , Lee Cheng‐Han 
Published: October 2020

AimsUterine sarcomas can be grouped into tumours with pathognomonic genetic fusions such as low‐grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS), high‐grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HGESS), and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT), and tumours lacking genetic fusions such as leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (UUS). Members of the latter group frequently harbour TP53 mutations. The aim of this study was to evaluate TP53 mutations by the use of immunohistochemistry in fusion‐positive uterine sarcomas.Methods and resultsWe performed p53 immunohistochemical staining on 124 uterine sarcomas harbouring genetic fusions and 38 fusion‐negative LMSs and UUSs. These included 41 HGESSs with YWHAE, BCOR and BCORL1 fusions/rearrangements, 13 IMTs with ALK fusion, 12 sarcomas with NTRK1/3 fusion, three sarcomas with PDGFB fusion, and 55 LGESSs with JAZF1, SUZ12 and PHF1 fusions/rearrangements. All HGESSs, LGESSs, IMTs and sarcomas with PDGFB fusion showed wild‐type p53 expression. Among NTRK1/3‐positive sarcomas, a TPR–NTRK1‐positive sarcoma with nuclear pleomorphism showed mutation‐type p53 expression. The remaining 11 NTRK1/3‐positive sarcomas showed wild‐type p53 expression, except for the subclonal p53 mutation‐type staining in a minor pleomorphic focus of an NTRK3‐positive sarcoma. Twenty‐one of 27 (78%) LMSs and six of nine (67%) UUSs showed mutation‐type p53 expression.Conclusionp53 immunohistochemistry may be considered in the initial work‐up of a uterine sarcoma, as mutation‐type staining would make a fusion‐positive sarcoma very unlikely. Mutation‐type p53 expression, however, can be seen in a small subset of NTRK1/3‐positive sarcomas showing pleomorphic round/ovoid cell histology, which may represent a mechanism of progression in these tumours.
Peer support worker training: Results of the evaluation of the Experienced Involvement training programme in Switzerland and Germany
Authors: Hegedüs Anna , Burr Christian , Pfluger Viviane , Sieg Daniel , Nienaber André , Schulz Michael 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe ‘Experienced Involvement’ (EX‐IN) training programme prepares and certifies individuals who have experienced mental health problems to work as peer support workers and to support others challenged by similar conditions. We aimed to assess the impact of the EX‐IN training on hope, self‐efficacy, introspection, stigma resistance, personal recovery, health‐related quality of life and employment in participants. Data was collected using standardized assessment instruments before the training started (t1) and upon course completion (t2). Data from 103 participants who participated in both measurement times were included into data analysis. Participants significantly improved their recovery, stigma resistance and introspection during the EX‐IN training. In addition, a significant higher proportion of participants were employed at t2. Participants whose last inpatient stay was 0–1 year before the start of the EX‐IN training showed significantly lower levels of stigma resistance, and self‐efficacy at t1 than participants with two or more years since the last inpatient stay. There were no significant changes in mean values over time, or in the mean values at t2 between the two groups. EX‐IN training has a positive influence on the handling of stigma, on one's recovery path and introspection. This indicates that EX‐IN training has a therapeutic effect on the participants. EX‐IN training seems to meet the challenges of peer support work. Therefore, the training can be recommended as preparation for working as a peer support worker as well as an intervention to improve one´s recovery process.
Functional genetic variant of HSD17B12 in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway predicts the outcome of colorectal cancer
Authors: Lin Yu , Meng Yixuan , Zhang Jinying , Ma Ling , Jiang Lu , Zhang Yi , Yuan Ming , Ren Anjing , Zhu Weiyou , Li Shuwei , Shu Yongqian , Du Mulong , Zhu Lingjun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractFatty acids are involved in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, genetic effects of fatty acid biosynthesis pathway on CRC outcome are unclear. Cox regression model was used to evaluate genetic effects on CRC overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS), accompanied by calculating hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs). Differential expression analysis, expression quantitative trait loci analysis, dual‐luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were performed to explore the genetically biological mechanism. The rs10838164 C>T in HSD17B12 was significantly associated with an increased risk of death and progression of CRC (OS, HR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.40‐3.22, P = 4.03 × 10−4; PFS, HR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.11‐2.44, P = 1.35 × 10−2), of which T allele could increase HSD17B12 expression (P = 1.78 × 10−11). Subsequently, the functional experiments indicated that rs10838164 T allele could not only enhance the binding affinity of transcription factor YY1 to HSD17B12 region harbouring rs10838164 but also promote the transcriptional activity of HSD17B12, which was significantly up‐regulated in colorectal tumour tissues. Our findings suggest that genetic variants in fatty acid biosynthesis pathway play an important role in CRC outcome.
Deletion of Golgi protein 73 delayed hepatocyte proliferation of mouse in the early stages of liver regeneration
Authors: Wang Jianwen , Ning Jing , Qian Xiangjun , Zhang Ting , Yao Mingjie , Wang Jie , Chen Xiangmei , Lu Fengmin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackground and AimGolgi protein 73 (GP73) is a transmembrane protein that can promote the proliferation of cancer cells. However, the roles of GP73 in the proliferation of non‐malignant hepatocytes have rarely been investigated.MethodsThe wild‐type (GP73+/+) and GP73 gene knockout mice (GP73−/−) were subject to 70% partial hepatectomy (PHx) to explore the involvement of GP73 in liver regeneration.ResultsAfter PHx, a significant increase of GP73 expression was observed in GP73+/+ mouse liver. Noticeably, promoted recovery of liver mass was observed in GP73−/− mouse at Day 1 after PHx, as showed by the liver/body weight ratio. RNA sequencing revealed that genes relevant to cell cycle and inflammation response in the residual liver tissues were severely suppressed with the deletion of GP73, particularly the inactivation of NF‐κB signal pathway in early phase of liver regeneration. In line with this, we do see the downregulation of cell cycle‐related protein including cyclin D1, p‐cyclin D1, β‐catenin, as well as interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor‐α, CCl2, and CXCl10. In contrast, activation of mTOR signaling pathway was documented, accompanied with the histological hypertrophy of hepatocytes in GP73−/− mouse.ConclusionsGolgi protein 73 deletion leads to delayed response of liver regeneration and inflammation in the early stages of liver regeneration after PHx.
Effects of potato resistant starch intake on insulin sensitivity, related metabolic markers and appetite ratings in men and women at risk for type 2 diabetes: a pilot cross‐over randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sanders L. M. , Dicklin M. R. , Palacios O. M. , Maki C. E. , Wilcox M. L. , Maki K. C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe intake of certain types of resistant starch (RS) has been associated in some studies with increased whole‐body insulin sensitivity. This randomised, cross‐over pilot trial evaluated the effect of consuming cooked, then chilled potatoes, a source of RS, compared to isoenergetic, carbohydrate (CHO)‐containing control foods, on insulin sensitivity and related markers.MethodsNineteen adults with body mass index 27.0‐39.9 kg m−2 consumed 300 g day−1 RS‐enriched potatoes (approximately two potatoes; ~18 g RS) or CHO‐based control foods, as part of lunch, evening and snack meals, over a 24‐h period. After an overnight fast, insulin sensitivity, CHO metabolism markers, free fatty acids, breath hydrogen levels and appetite were assessed for up to 5 h after the intake of a standard breakfast. The primary endpoint was insulin sensitivity, assessed with the Matsuda index. P < 0.05 (one‐sided) was considered statistically significant.ResultsInsulin sensitivity was not significantly different between the potato and control conditions. The potato intervention resulted in higher postprandial breath hydrogen (P = 0.037), lower postprandial free fatty acid concentrations (P = 0.039) and lower fasting plasma glucose (P = 0.043) compared to the control condition. Fullness ratings were significantly lower after potato versus control (P = 0.002). No other significant effects were observed; however, there was a trend toward lower fasting insulin (P = 0.077) in the potato versus the control condition.ConclusionsThe results of this pilot study suggest RS‐enriched potatoes may have a favourable impact on carbohydrate metabolism and support the view that additional research in a larger study sample is warranted.
Association of diet with left ventricular wall thickness, troponin I and IGF‐1 in cats with subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: van Hoek Ingrid , Hodgkiss‐Geere Hannah , Bode Elizabeth F. , Hamilton‐Elliott Julie , Mõtsküla Paul , Palermo Valentina , Pereira Yolanda Martinez , Culshaw Geoff J. , Laxalde Jeremy , Dukes‐McEwan Joanna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundCats with subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (sHCM) have elevated serum insulin and serum amyloid A concentrations correlating with the degree of cardiac hypertrophy. Diet might affect these and other cardiac variables.ObjectiveEvaluate the effect of a complete, balanced diet with restricted starch and supplemented with eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA) on echocardiographic variables and cardiac biomarkers in cats with sHCM.AnimalsForty‐four client‐owned cats with sHCM.MethodsA prospective, randomized, double‐blind, multicenter study enrolled cats with end‐diastole interventricular septum thickness (IVSd) or left ventricular wall thickness (LVWd) ≥6 mm, or both. Nonsedated, fasted cats were examined at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of Test (restricted starch and EPA + DHA supplements) (n = 23) or Control (unrestricted starch without EPA + DHA supplementation) (n = 21) diet. Assessments included auscultation, body weight, body condition score, echocardiography and blood analysis. Linear and generalized mixed models analyzed diet, time and diet * time interactions (5% significance level).ResultsNo differences between diet groups were significant for any variable at any timepoint. There were significant decreases in the Test but not Control group in maximum IVSd (P = .03), maximum LVWd (P = .02) and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 levels (P = .04) after 12 months, and in ultrasensitive cardiac troponin I (cTnI) (P = .001) after 6 months; effect sizes (95% confidence interval) were 0.53 (0.09; 0.99), 0.63 (0.18; 1.09), 0.61 (0.16; 1.07), and 0.37 (−0.06; 0.8), respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCats with sHCM fed Test diet had significant decreases in echocardiographic variables of sHCM and in cTnI and IGF‐1.
Postpartum urinary retention: Absolute risk prediction model
Authors: Barba Marta , Frigerio Matteo , Manodoro Stefano , Bernasconi Davide P. , Cola Alice , Palmieri Stefania , Fumagalli Simona , Vergani Patrizia 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the incidence and assess clinical factors that can predict the occurrence of postpartum urinary retention (PPUR).PPUR is a puerperal condition defined as the inability to void over 6 hours after birth or after catheter removal in case of cesarean section, requiring catheterization. Lack of prompt diagnosis of this condition may lead to severe sequelae, including infection, chronic voiding difficulties, and renal failure.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed all deliveries from January 2011 to December 2017 in a single Italian university hospital. We used multivariate logistic regression to develop a predictive score for PPUR.ResultsBy multivariate logistic regression, our analysis shows as minor (odds ratio [OR] < 2) risk factors for PPUR: non‐Caucasian ethnicity (OR = 1.46, CI = 1.05‐2.03), nulliparity (OR = 1.47, CI = 1.01‐2.14), body mass index (BMI) at the end of the pregnancy <30 kg/m2 (OR = 1.54, CI = 1.10‐2.17). On the other hand, epidural analgesia (OR = 3.93, CI = 2.96‐5.22), meconium‐stained amniotic fluid (OR = 2.07, CI = 1.54‐2.77), nonoperative vaginal birth vs cesarean section (OR = 6.25, CI = 2.16‐18.13), vacuum extraction vs cesarean section (OR = 8.80, CI = 2.86‐27.01), pushing stage ≥60 minutes (OR = 3.00,CI = 2.26‐3.97), and perineal tear (OR = 2.87, CI = 1.86‐4.43) proved to be major (OR > 2) risk factors for PPUR.Using our final model (area under curve = 0.84), we created a nomogram for PPUR absolute risk calculation. Specifically, a 116‐point cutoff might be used to identify high‐risk patients who deserve more intensive micturition monitoring.ConclusionsOur study identified non‐Caucasian ethnicity, nulliparity, and a BMI <30 kg/m2 at the end of the pregnancy as minor and epidural analgesia, meconium‐stained amniotic fluid, vaginal nonoperative birth, vacuum extraction, pushing stage ≥60 minutes, and perineal tear as major independent risk factors for PPUR.
Host sensing and signal transduction during Toxoplasma stage conversion
Authors: Augusto Leonardo , Wek Ronald C. , Sullivan William J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii infects nucleated cells in virtually all warm‐blooded vertebrates, including one‐third of the human population. While immunocompetent hosts do not typically show symptoms of acute infection, parasites are retained in latent tissue cysts that can be reactivated upon immune suppression, potentially damaging key organ systems. Toxoplasma has a multistage life cycle that is intimately linked to environmental stresses and host signals. As this protozoan pathogen is transmitted between multiple hosts and tissues, it evaluates these external signals to appropriately differentiate into distinct life cycle stages, such as the transition from its replicative stage (tachyzoite) to the latent stage (bradyzoite) that persists as tissue cysts. Additionally, in the gut of its definitive host, felines, Toxoplasma converts into gametocytes that produce infectious oocysts (sporozoites) that are expelled into the environment. In this review, we highlight recent advances that have illuminated the interfaces between Toxoplasma and host and how these interactions control parasite stage conversion. Mechanisms underlying these stage transitions are important targets for therapeutic intervention aimed at thwarting parasite transmission and pathogenesis.
A nonspecific lipid transfer protein, StLTP10, mediates resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato
Authors: Wang Chenchen , Gao Hongjuan , Chu Zhaohui , Ji Changquan , Xu Yang , Cao Weilin , Zhou Shumei , Song Yunzhi , Liu Hongmei , Zhu Changxiang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNonspecific lipidtransfer proteins (nsLTPs), which are small, cysteine‐rich proteins, belong to the pathogenesis‐related protein family, and several of them act as positive regulators during plant disease resistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of these proteins in plant immune responses are unclear. In this study, a typical nsLTP gene, StLTP10, was identified and functionally analysed in potato. StLTP10 expression was significantly induced by Phytophthora infestans, which causes late blight in potato, and defence‐related phytohormones, including abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid, and jasmonic acid. Characterization of StLTP10‐overexpressing and knockdown lines indicated that StLTP10 positively regulates plant resistance to P. infestans. This resistance was coupled with enhanced expression of reactive oxygen species scavenging‐ and defence‐related genes. Furthermore, we identified that StLTP10 physically interacts with ABA receptor PYL4 and affects its subcellular localization. These two proteins work together to regulate stomatal closure during pathogen infection. Interestingly, we also found that wound‐induced protein kinase interacts with StLTP10 and positively regulates its protein abundance. Taken together, our results provide insight into the role of StLTP10 in resistance to P. infestans and suggest candidates to enhance broad‐spectrum resistance to pathogens in potato.
Heavy shackles: The experience of symptom distress and coping behaviors of Chinese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Han Wenwen , Peng Xin , Qu Danhua , Yang Yuhang , Li Kun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPeople with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exhibit various symptoms, some of which can negatively affect their daily lives. Thus, they may adopt coping behaviors to improve their condition. This qualitative descriptive study investigated symptom distress and coping behaviors among 19 Chinese patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using individual, semi‐structured, face‐to‐face interviews. We identified the following three themes for the patients' symptom distress: distressing symptoms, inescapable imprisonment, and no choice other than being a burden to the family. The various coping behaviors of the patients were categorized into the following three themes: struggle during the medical treatment process, careful maintenance of daily life, and coping with negative emotions. Although all patients experienced physical and psychological distress, they displayed a strong desire to improve their lives and health. By recognizing the patients' symptom distress and coping behaviors, tailored interventions could be developed to improve the quality of their lives.