bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The electoral personalization of Italian mayors. A study of 25 years of direct election
Authors: Freschi Anna Carola , Mete Vittorio 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper presents an analysis of the personalization of the vote in Italian municipal elections in the period 1993–2017. Considering the ability of mayoral candidates to attract more votes than those of the lists that support them, the paper outlines the socio-demographic and political characteristics of the candidates who receive the most personalized votes. Contrary to what one might expect, the most personalized candidates are the losing candidates, not the winning ones. At the same time, the candidates who present themselves as outsiders are more personalized: women; candidates at the head of civic lists; those who lead coalitions positioned at the extremes of the left/right axis; candidates supported by one or two lists. Thus, the paper shows the propensity of the Italian electorate to use the split vote to reward those candidates who present themselves as challengers, rather than the established ones, also in the more pragmatic context of local government elections. Moreover, while it is true that personalization is increasingly more important in the political and electoral context, the ability to create lists of candidates for municipal elections capable of obtaining the broad support of voters seems to count as much, if not more.
Diurnal lake-level cycles on ice shelves driven by meltwater input and ocean tidal tilt
Authors: MacAyeal Douglas R. , Willis Ian C. , Banwell Alison F. , Macdonald Grant J. , Goodsell Becky 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDiurnal depth cycles of decimeter scale are observed in a supraglacial lake on the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica. We evaluate two possible causes: (1) tidal tilt of the ice shelf in response to the underlying ocean tide, and (2) meltwater input variation. We find the latter to be the most likely explanation of our observations. However, we do not rule out tidal tilt as a source of centimeter scale variations, and point to the possibility that other, larger supraglacial lake systems, particularly those on ice shelves that experience higher amplitude tidal tilts, such as in the Weddell Sea, may have depth cycles driven by ocean tide. The broader significance of diurnal cycles in meltwater depth is that, under circumstances where the ice shelf is thin, tidal-tilt amplitudes are high, and meltwater runoff rates are large, there may be associated flexure stresses that can contribute to ice-shelf fracture and destabilization. For the McMurdo Ice Shelf (~20–50 m thickness, ~ 1 m tidal amplitude and ~10 cm water-depth variations), these stresses amount to several 10's of kPa.
Body composition-derived BMI cut-offs for overweight and obesity in ethnic Indian and Creole urban children of Mauritius
Authors: Ramuth Harris , Hunma Sadhna , Ramessur Vinaysing , Ramuth Magalutcheemee , Monnard Cathriona , Montani Jean-Pierre , Schutz Yves , Joonas Noorjehan , Dulloo Abdul G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIt is increasingly recognised that the use of BMI cut-off points for diagnosing obesity (OB) and proxy measures for body fatness in a given population needs to take into account the potential impact of ethnicity on the BMI–fat % relationship in order to avoid adiposity status misclassification. This relationship was studied here in 377 Mauritian schoolchildren (200 boys and 177 girls, aged 7–13 years) belonging to the two main ethnic groups: Indian (South Asian descent) and Creole (African/Malagasy descent), with body composition assessed using an isotopic 2H dilution technique as reference. The results indicate that for the same BMI, Indians have more body fat (and less lean mass) than Creoles among both boys and girls: linear regression analysis revealed significantly higher body fat % by 4–5 units (P < 0·001) in Indians than in Creoles across a wide range of BMI (11·6–34·2 kg/m2) and body fat % (5–52 %). By applying Deurenberg’s Caucasian-based equation to predict body fat % from WHO-defined BMI thresholds for overweight (OW) and OB, and by recalculating the equivalent BMI values using a Mauritian-specific equation, it is shown that the WHO BMI cut-offs for OB and OW would need to be lowered by 4·6–5·9 units in Indian and 2·0–3·7 units in Creole children in the 7–13-year-old age group. These results have major implications for ethnic-based population research towards improving the early diagnosis of excess adiposity in this multi-ethnic population known to be at high risk for later development of type 2 diabetes and CVD.
The effects ofn-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil on genetic and metabolic profiles in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Jamilian Mehri , Tabassi Zohreh , Reiner Željko , Panahandeh Ida , Naderi Fatemeh , Aghadavod Esmat , Amirani Elaheh , Taghizadeh Mohsen , Shafabakhsh Rana , Satari Mahbobeh , Mansournia Mohammad Ali , Memarzadeh Mohammad Reza , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe present study was performed to evaluate the effects ofn-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil on genetic and metabolic profiles in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in sixty women with GDM. Participants were randomly divided into two groups to intake either 2 × 1000 mg/dn-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil containing 400 mgα-linolenic acid in each capsule (n30) or placebo (n30) for 6 weeks.n-3 Fatty acid intake up-regulated PPAR-γ(P< 0·001) and LDL receptor (P= 0·004) and down-regulated gene expression of IL-1 (P= 0·002) and TNF-α(P= 0·001) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of subjects with GDM. In addition,n-3 fatty acid supplementation reduced fasting plasma glucose (P= 0·001), insulin levels (P= 0·001) and insulin resistance (P< 0·001) and increased insulin sensitivity (P= 0·005) when compared with the placebo. Additionally,n-3 fatty acid supplementation was associated with a decrease in TAG (P< 0·001), VLDL-cholesterol (P< 0·001), total cholesterol (P= 0·01) and total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (P= 0·01) when compared with placebo.n-3 Fatty acid administration was also associated with a significant reduction in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P= 0·006) and malondialdehyde (P< 0·001), and an increase in total nitrite (P< 0·001) and total glutathione levels (P= 0·006) when compared with the placebo.n-3 Fatty acid supplementation for 6 weeks to women with GDM had beneficial effects on gene expression related to insulin, lipid and inflammation, glycaemic control, lipids, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress.
Source‐Independent Passive Seismic Reverse‐Time Structure Imaging With Grouping Imaging Condition: Method and Application to Microseismic Events Induced by Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Lin Ye , Zhang Haijiang , Chen Yukuan , Li Junlun 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSeismic imaging with active seismic sources can be used to image subsurface structures such as faults, fractures, and layer interfaces with higher resolutions than tomographic methods. However, for characterizing large‐scale three‐dimensional structures, oftentimes it is too expensive and thus impractical to conduct active seismic survey. Seismic imaging using passive sources has been used to image structures through the “pseudoactive” source imaging by assuming source information is known. However, in practice there exist some uncertainties on source information including location, origin time, source time function, and radiation pattern, which can inevitably affect the final imaging result. In this study, we propose a new source‐independent passive seismic imaging method based on reverse‐time imaging with converted waves and a new imaging condition. This method uses the interference between P and S waves at conversion points for structure imaging by back‐propagating seismograms recorded by all receivers. Since no forward modeling is needed in this method, source information is not needed. A new grouping imaging condition is proposed to improve the image resolution, in which seismic receivers are divided into several groups and the separated P and S wavefields of different groups are multiplied and then stacked over time to get an image. We test the new method on both synthetic and real data sets based on a downhole microseismic system that is used for monitoring a shale gas hydraulic fracturing treatment. The results show that the proposed passive seismic imaging method does not depend on knowing source information and can achieve higher imaging resolution.
Effective delivery of Complex Innovative Design (CID) cancer trials—A consensus statement
Authors: Blagden Sarah P. , Billingham Lucinda , Brown Louise C. , Buckland Sean W. , Cooper Alison M. , Ellis Stephanie , Fisher Wendy , Hughes Helen , Keatley Debbie A. , Maignen Francois M. , Morozov Alex , Navaie Will , Pearson Sarah , Shaaban Abeer , Wydenbach Kirsty , Kearns Pamela R. ,   on behalf of the Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres (ECMC) CID trials working group, Abouzeid Christiane , Ahmed Rubina , Bailey Sue , Blewett Catherine , Campbell Helen , Cerone Maria Antonietta , Clack Glen , Cook Natalie , Ghiorghiu Serban , Halford Sarah , Johnston Andrew , Kaplan Rick , Lawson Anna , Lowe Emma , Mathews Jacqueline , Mirabile Ilaria , Osipenko Leeza , Patel Dipak , Potter Claire , Regan Aoife , Ricamara Marivic , Ringrose Carly , Rodger Joanne , Sandhu Gurcharan K. , Schiavone Francesca , Silvester Julie , Sydes Matthew R. , Weller Charles , Yiangou Angeliki 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe traditional cancer drug development pathway is increasingly being superseded by trials that address multiple clinical questions. These are collectively termed Complex Innovative Design (CID) trials. CID trials not only assess the safety and toxicity of novel anticancer medicines but also their efficacy in biomarker-selected patients, specific cancer cohorts or in combination with other agents. They can be adapted to include new cohorts and test additional agents within a single protocol. Whilst CID trials can speed up the traditional route to drug licencing, they can be challenging to design, conduct and interpret. The Experimental Cancer Medicine Centres (ECMC) network, funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Cancer Research UK (CRUK) and the Health Boards of Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland, formed a working group with relevant stakeholders from clinical trials units, the pharmaceutical industry, funding bodies, regulators and patients to identify the main challenges of CID trials. The working group generated ten consensus recommendations. These aim to improve the conduct, quality and acceptability of oncology CID trials in clinical research and, importantly, to expedite the process by which effective treatments can reach cancer patients.
Intracellular XBP1-IL-24 axis dismantles cytotoxic unfolded protein response in the liver
Authors: Wang Jianye , Hu Bian , Zhao Zhicong , Zhang Haiyan , Zhang He , Zhao Zhenjun , Ma Xiong , Shen Bin , Sun Beicheng , Huang Xingxu , Hou Jiajie , Xia Qiang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated cell death is prevalent in various liver diseases. However, the determinant mechanism how hepatocytes survive unresolved stress was still unclear. Interleukin-24 (IL-24) was previously found to promote ER stress-mediated cell death, and yet its expression and function in the liver remained elusive. Here we identified an antiapoptotic role of IL-24, which transiently accumulated within ER-stressed hepatocytes in a X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1)-dependent manner. Disruption of IL-24 increased cell death in the CCL4- or APAP-challenged mouse liver or Tm-treated hepatocytes. In contrast, pharmaceutical blockade of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) or genetical ablation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) restored hepatocyte function in the absence of IL-24. In a clinical setting, patients with acute liver failure manifested a profound decrease of hepatic IL-24 expression, which was associated with disease progression. In conclusion, intrinsic hepatocyte IL-24 maintains ER homeostasis by restricting the eIF2α-CHOP pathway-mediated stress signal, which might be exploited as a bio-index for prognosis or therapeutic intervention in patients with liver injury.
Chiral Ru(ii) complexes act as a potential non-viral gene carrier for directional transportation to the nucleus and cytoplasm
Authors: Wu Qiong , Zhang Shuang-Yan , Liao Si-Yan , Cao Jie-Qiong , Zheng Wen-Jie , Li Li , Mei Wen-Jie 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Guanine-rich DNA sequences can spontaneously fold into four-stranded structures called G-quadruplexes (G4s). G4s have been identified extensively in the promoter regions of several proto-oncogenes, including c-myc, as well as telomeres. G4s have attracted an increasing amount of attention in the field of nanotechnology because of their use as versatile building blocks of DNA-based nanostructures. In this study, we report the self-assembly of c-myc G-quadruplex DNA controlled by a pair of chiral ruthenium(ii) complexes coordinated by 2-(4-phenyacetylenephenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5f][1,10]phenanthroline (PBEPIP), Λ-[Ru(bpy)2(PBEPIP)](ClO4)2 (Λ-RM0627, bpy = bipyridine) and Δ-[Ru(bpy)2(PBEPIP)](ClO4)2 (Δ-RM0627). Λ-RM0627 could promote the high-order self-assembly of c-myc G-quadruplex DNA into a nanowire structure, whereas Δ-RM0627 could induce DNA condensation into G-quadruplex aggregates. Moreover, in vitro studies on human liver carcinoma HepG2 cells showed that the nanowire of c-myc G-quadruplex DNA promoted by Λ-RM0627 could be localized in the nuclei of cells, whereas the nanoparticle of c-myc G-quadruplex DNA generated by Δ-RM0627 was taken up and localized in the cytoplasm. This study provides examples of the enantioselective self-assembly of G4 DNA molecules controlled by chiral ruthenium(ii) complexes and suggests the potential applications of assembled nanostructures as non-viral DNA vectors for gene therapy.
Les anticorps monoclonaux
Authors: Diallo Béré K. , Riffard Clémence , Le Gouge Kenz , Teillaud Jean-Luc 
Published: January 2020

En 2019, les anticorps monoclonaux (Acm) vont représenter un marché mondial annuel de plus de cent milliards de dollars, soit près de 90 milliards d’euros. Outre leur utilisation en clinique, les anticorps monoclonaux sont utilisés également dans de nombreux tests diagnostiques et sont toujours des outils précieux pour la recherche fondamentale et appliquée. Quarante-quatre ans après la publication de Georges Köhler et César Milstein [1], des dizaines de congrès et séminaires de toute nature sur les anticorps monoclonaux se tiennent annuellement à travers le monde. Mais 44 ans plus tard, les travaux scientifiques qui ont amené à cette publication sont peu à peu oubliés et, dans bien des esprits, les anticorps monoclonaux ne sont qu’unbusinessd’un multi-milliard euros/dollars comme un autre, déterminé par les marchés financiers et les résultats des derniers essais cliniques… Il est grand temps de rendre hommage à toute une génération de chercheurs fondamentalistes, à ces fous de science duxxe siècle, à ces chercheurs connus et souvent désormais méconnus, disséminés aux quatre coins du monde, qui ont exploré les frontières de l’inconnu d’alors et qui ont modelé et ciselé un savoir qui a débouché sur une technique d’obtention de molécules qui ont permis l’une des plus grandes révolutions thérapeutiques de ces vingt-cinq dernières années.
Structure, magnetic and thermal properties of FePt–C–BN granular films for heat assisted magnetic recording
Authors: Chen Shaohai , Shu Xinyu , Xie Qidong , Zhou Chenghang , Zhou Jing , Deng Jinyu , Guo Rui , Peng Y G , Ju G , Chen Jingsheng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The structure, magnetic and thermal properties of (FePt0.78–C0.22)–BN granular films with various BN volume concentrations are systematically studied. Compared to the FePt–C film without BN doping, the grain size distribution of the FePt grains is reduced by 50% with BN component is 10 vol.%, and the coercivity and the intrinsic switching field distributions of the film are increased 3 times and narrowed by 35%, respectively, when BN component is 6 vol.%. The improvement in magnetic properties is attributed to the enhanced chemical ordering of the FePt L10 phase. Based on the 3ω method, it is found that the relative cross-plane thermal conductivity

of the FePt–C–BN layer is more correlated to the grain size distribution of the film, which decreases to the minimum value at 10 vol.% BN. Our results indicate that a certain amount of BN doping can improve the comprehensive performance of the FePt–C–BN granular films, making it a promising candidate for heat assisted magnetic recording.
Transverse momentum spectra of J/ψ produced in collisions over an energy range from 17.4 GeV to 13 TeV
Authors: Chen Ya-Hui , Ma Yu-Gang , Ma Guo-Liang , Chen Jin-Hui 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Transverse momentum spectra of inclusive J/ψ mesons produced in particle–particle, particle–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions over a center-of-mass energy range from 17.4 GeV to 13 TeV are analyzed by a multi-component Schwinger mechanism. The model results are found to fit the experimental data measured by the ALICE, CDF, D0, HERA-B, E789, NA50, E705, LHCb and PHENIX Collaborations. We extract the distribution of minimum distance between the partons which form the charmonium

c

c

¯

. Moreover, the energy and rapidity dependent free parameters in Schwinger mechanism are obtained. The parameter related to string tension is found to increase with the increase of energy and to decrease with the increase of rapidity and centrality.
Modeling and plasma characteristics of high-power direct current discharge
Authors: Chen Lei , Cui Suihan , Tang Wei , Zhou Lin , Li Tijun , Liu Liangliang , An Xiaokai , Wu Zhongcan , Ma Zhengyong , Lin Hai , Tian Xiubo , Fu Ricky KY , Chu Paul K , Wu Zhongzhen 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
To obtain both high ionization and high deposition rate, a modified global model for a continuous high-power DC magnetron sputtering (C-HPMS) is established by considering the continuous generation of the hot electrons and the high temperature caused by continuous high-power discharge. The results show that the plasma density is on the order of 1019 m−3 for power densities of only 183 W cm−2 (Al) and 117 W cm−2 (Cu). The ionization rate exceeds 90% of high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) (peak power density of 564 W cm−2) for a DC power density of 180 W cm−2, and the total diffusion fluxes of the two targets are 26 (Al) and 30 (Cu) times that of conventional HiPIMS, leading to very high deposition rates. The work provides a theoretical basis for the realization of C-HPMS and gives an enlightenment to the development of deposition equipment for continuous high-power discharges.
Heat and mass transfer analysis of MHD peristaltic flow through a complaint porous channel with variable thermal conductivity
Authors: Vaidya H , Rajashekhar C , Manjunatha G , Prasad K V , Makinde O D , Vajravelu K 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The MHD peristaltic motion of Bingham fluid through a uniform channel is examined under the influence of long wavelength and small Reynolds number. The impact of variable thermal conductivity, convective heat transfer, porous boundaries, and wall properties are considered. The semi-analytical technique is utilized to solve the governing nonlinear temperature equation. The effects of different parameters on the physiological quantities of interest are captured with the assistance of MATLAB programming. The assessment reveals that an ascent in a magnetic parameter reduces the velocity field. Further, an increment in the estimation of variable thermal conductivity upgrades the temperature profiles. Besides, the trapped bolus is a function of a porous parameter, and an increase in porous parameter will have the proportional increment in the other parameter.
Generalized Riesz systems and orthonormal sequences in Krein spaces
Authors: Bagarello Fabio , Kużel Sergiusz 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We analyze special classes of bi-orthogonal sets of vectors in Hilbert and in Krein spaces, and their relations with generalized Riesz systems. In this way, the notion of the first/second type sequences is introduced and studied. We also discuss their relevance in some concrete quantum mechanical system driven by manifestly non self-adjoint Hamiltonians.
DORN1/P2K1 and purino-calcium signalling in plants: making waves with extracellular ATP
Authors: Matthus Elsa , Sun Jian , Wang Limin , Bhat Madhura G , Mohammad-Sidik Amirah B , Wilkins Katie A , Leblanc-Fournier Nathalie , Legué Valérie , Moulia Bruno , Stacey Gary , Davies Julia M 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsExtracellular ATP governs a range of plant functions, including cell viability, adaptation and cross-kingdom interactions. Key functions of extracellular ATP in leaves and roots may involve an increase in cytosolic free calcium as a second messenger (‘calcium signature’). The main aim here was to determine to what extent leaf and root calcium responses require the DORN1/P2K1 extracellular ATP receptor in Arabidopsis thaliana. The second aim was to test whether extracellular ATP can generate a calcium wave in the root.MethodsLeaf and root responses to extracellular ATP were reviewed for their possible links to calcium signalling and DORN1/P2K1. Leaves and roots of wild type and dorn1 plants were tested for cytosolic calcium increase in response to ATP, using aequorin. The spatial abundance of DORN1/P2K1 in the root was estimated using green fluorescent protein. Wild type roots expressing GCaMP3 were used to determine the spatial variation of cytosolic calcium increase in response to extracellular ATP.Key ResultsLeaf and root ATP-induced calcium signatures differed markedly. The leaf signature was only partially dependent on DORN1/P2K1, while the root signature was fully dependent. The distribution of DORN1/P2K1 in the root supports a key role in the generation of the apical calcium signature. Root apical and sub-apical calcium signatures may operate independently of each other but an apical calcium increase can drive a sub-apical increase, consistent with a calcium wave.ConclusionDORN1 could underpin several calcium-related responses but it may not be the only receptor for extracellular ATP in Arabidopsis. The root has the capacity for a calcium wave, triggered by extracellular ATP at the apex.
Neural Patterns are More Similar across Individuals during Successful Memory Encoding than during Failed Memory Encoding
Authors: Koch Griffin E , Paulus John P , Coutanche Marc N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
After experiencing the same episode, some people can recall certain details about it, whereas others cannot. We investigate how common (intersubject) neural patterns during memory encoding influence whether an episode will be subsequently remembered, and how divergence from a common organization is associated with encoding failure. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging with intersubject multivariate analyses, we measured brain activity as people viewed episodes within wildlife videos and then assessed their memory for these episodes. During encoding, greater neural similarity was observed between the people who later remembered an episode (compared with those who did not) within the regions of the declarative memory network (hippocampus, posterior medial cortex [PMC], and dorsal Default Mode Network [dDMN]). The intersubject similarity of the PMC and dDMN was episode-specific. Hippocampal encoding patterns were also more similar between subjects for memory success that was defined after one day, compared with immediately after retrieval. The neural encoding patterns were sufficiently robust and generalizable to train machine learning classifiers to predict future recall success in held-out subjects, and a subset of decodable regions formed a network of shared classifier predictions of subsequent memory success. This work suggests that common neural patterns reflect successful, rather than unsuccessful, encoding across individuals.