bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Approach for Well Design Optimization with MPD and its Impact on Value
Authors: Gabaldon Oscar , Gonzalez Luis Romar , Brand Patrick , Saber Sherif , Kozlov Anton , Bacon William 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In high pressure high temperature (HPHT) reservoirs and exploratory wells, especially in deep water, there is a higher degree of uncertainty, which can increase the operational costs due to non-productive time (NPT) and operational problems due to the unpredictable nature of these wells. For these challenging wells with narrow windows, Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) techniques offer cost-effective tools to increase the odds for achieving well and cost objectives assurance. There are significant benefits from early implementation of MPD in the project life cycle. These benefits include from improving operational efficiency to risk mitigation and safety enhancement. However, there is an enormous potential that many operators have been missing. This is related to the incorporation of MPD as a driver in optimizing the well design, which could greatly increase the possibilities of reaching target depth, and potentially prepare to eliminate one or more casing strings. Current well design process hinges on the ability to manage uncertainties by company or regulatory requirements, such as kick tolerance and safety factors. This work addresses the value added from implementing MPD in early stages in the project life cycle through the analysis of case studies. The cost savings from the impact on the well design are also discussed. This work also presents a in depth discussion on the benefits, and enablers of this approach. Furthermore, it presents considerations by taking advantage of dynamic processes facilitated with MPD. Finally, new guiding criteria to aim to constitute a systematic and integrated approach to ensure well integrity and optimize well design while also considering the operational implications and integral cost benefits is proposed to the industry. This paper represents the initial phase of a compressive long-term project to integrate two main components of well design. These are MPD adaptive well design, and statistical analysis based on variations of load and/or strength.
The Influx Management Envelope, Sensitivity of Model Choice
Authors: Berg Christian , Bacon William , Rinde Trygve , Solli Lars , Evjen Geir Arne , Culen Martin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Influx Management Envelope (IME) is a tool for operational decision making when managing influxes in Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) operations. There have been numerous developments to the IME in recent years, and it is gaining traction over the MPD Operating Matrix (MOM). Calculation of the IME can be done in different ways. The original approach of calculating an IME described in (Culen et al. 2016), give less acceptable influx sizes than using multiphase simulations. Some of this can be attributed to the used Equation of State (EOS), and some to the distribution of gas in the wellbore. There is ongoing work for creating purpose-built tools for generating IME's that consider the gas as a single bubble, but with a real gas EOS, as well as considering gas distribution. In this work, the sensitivity to the model used when creating an IME is studied. This is done through comparing the single-bubble real-gas IME by (Berg et al. 2019) with IME's generated using Drillbench Dynamic Well Control as well as the commercial multiphase flow simulator Ledaflow for synthetic test wells. Discrepancies between the results are discussed and the differences in the underlying model and calculation procedure with respect to the end IME is elaborated.
Horizontal Coalbed Methane Wells Drilled with MPD using Produced Water
Authors: Parker Martyn , Seale Marvin , Nauduri Sagar , Abbey James , Seidel Frank , Okeke Ernest 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Horizontal drilling in the Fruitland Formation, a Coalbed Methane (CBM) play located in the San Juan Basin (SJB), found across the states of Colorado and New Mexico can present a number of drilling and production challenges. Examples of these challenges include wellbore instability, severe fluid losses, high mud costs, formation damage, and post-well production issues.
Clear fluid brine systems such as Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) and Calcium Bromide (CaBr2) are usually preferred because of their compatibility with coals and their ability to minimize formation damage. However, these brines can instigate fluid losses, cause fluid handling issues, and create long-term production challenges. Coal instability in the horizontal play has historically led to events such as wellbore collapse, stuck pipe, lost Bottomhole Assemblies (BHAs), and challenges such as getting the pipe out of the hole at Total Depth (TD) and subsequently running completions. Ultimately, these problems led to sidetracks, incurring additional costs, time, and resources.
In May 2019, the Constant Bottomhole Pressure (CBHP) technique of Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) was introduced to mitigate these challenges. Two wells with eight laterals and combined horizontal footage of ±46,000 ft were drilled using CBHP, maintaining 11.4 ±0.1 pound per gallon (ppg) Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) and Equivalent Static Density (ESD) in the lateral at ±2800 ft True Vertical Depth (TVD). With a focus on safety and training, the mud weight was staged down from 10.8 ppg on the first lateral to 9.8 ppg on the second. The final six laterals were drilled with 8.6 ±0.2 ppg produced water. This paper will detail the planning, training and staged implementation of CBHP MPD with produced water. It will briefly discuss improvement in wellbore stability, cost reduction for drilling laterals, and enhanced production after switching to produced water.
Bespoke Casing Design to Reduce ECD and Enable MPD for HPHT Culzean Project in the North Sea
Authors: Seymour D. A. , Oyovwevotu J. , Vavasseur D. , Albores S. O. , Casares V. , Garcia E. G. , Innamorati L. A. , Izquierdo G. A. , Langrill C. M. , Mazzina R. O. , Mitchell A. C. , Santi N. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Culzean field combines both UHPHT reservoir conditions and an unusually narrow drilling window, at the top of the main reservoir, where reservoir pressure lies on a regional ‘broken seal’ rock strength line. This drove a need to find an improved well architecture, to allow production wells to be drilled close enough to the reservoir crest to maximize gas production volumes.
The solution: to develop heavy, ultra-high strength, sour service tubulars and use these in a well layout more typical of Deep Water designs than North Sea HPHT wells. Instead of setting a full production casing string, before drilling the target reservoir, a short production casing liner is hung from the fully rated sour service intermediate string, and tied back after the reservoir section has been drilled and a production liner run. This greatly reduces drilling circulating pressure losses in the reservoir section, allowing crestal targets, whilst providing very robust intermediate and production casing strings for long term well integrity. The reduction in ECD combined with the use of MPD technology, enables the drilling of this complex reservoir, in a safe and efficient manner.
2-D Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Riser Gas and Unloading in Various Pipe Diameters and Lengths
Authors: Kaldirim Omer , Kaldirim Ebubekir , Geresti Cameron , Manikonda Kaushik , Schubert Jerome J. , Hasan Abu Rashid 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Limited studies are available for modeling gas migration in risers. Outdated and small-scale models provide insufficient reliability, and a thorough mechanistic description of the problem is still not available. A significant part of the problem concerns understanding how pressure, temperature, liquid properties, and gas-liquid dynamics effect gas expansion during migration.
This paper provides information on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations performed on gas injections in three static and dynamic vertical fluid columns, with and without back pressure measuring 27-ft. and 330-ft. tall with 6, 12, 19.5 in. diameter. These CFD simulations analyzed the recorded gas expansion, change in pressure and temperature, and the volume fraction of the gas throughout the riser. In addition, these simulations also analyzed the change in flow rate, velocity, and the unloading effect at the inlet and outlet.
The 330-ft. pipe simulation demonstrated explosive unloading behavior with maximum discharge velocity and flow rate of over 2.8-ft./sec. and 6617.5-gpm., while the shorter pipes demonstrated relatively slower overflow. The case with a 330-ft. pipe also recorded a rapid change in temperature close to the top. Back pressure application at the surface minimized the effects of unloading and slowed down expansion.
Successful Implementation of Continuous Circulation Technology in Exploratory Drilling in Ultra-Deepwater Offshore Nova Scotia
Authors: Wittig Russell , Johnson Rachel , Poletzky Isabel 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
During the second half of 2018, an operator faced significant downhole issues during exploration drilling on a semisubmersible rig in ultra-deepwater Nova Scotia. While these challenges would have made this well a candidate for the use of traditional surface backpressure managed pressure drilling (MPD) technology, the predrill forecast did not indicate the need for MPD, and during execution, it was not practical to install MPD because of the required time and detailed engineering to retrofit the rig.
During the original attempt to drill this well, the operator was forced to abandon the 12 1/4- × 14 1/2-in. hole section after mud losses, followed by wellbore breathing and associated gas events from the mud flowback. The well was undrillable with conventional methods, and the wellbore was plugged back and sidetracked. On the sidetrack, continuous circulation technology was implemented to help maintain a more constant bottomhole pressure, navigate the narrow drilling margin between pore pressure and fracture gradient, and help prevent wellbore breathing and associated gas on connections.
The planning and execution of this technology that allowed the operator to successfully drill through previously difficult targets are discussed, along with lessons learned for future wells. Overall, more than 30 connections were performed, with an average of 600-gal/min connection flow rate with synthetic oil-based mud over the two hole sections.
Advanced Modeling and New Fit for Purpose Fluids Unlock Potential of Hot Carbonate Reservoirs During Acid Fracturing in Uzbekistan
Authors: Abdrazakov Dmitriy , Yerikuly Yerlan , Komekbayev Bektursyn , Rasulov Khurshid 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Selection of the optimum production stimulation strategy depends on the given reservoir and well parameters, with their uncertainties. This study proposes reservoir property-dependent profitability (RPDP) plots as a tool for stimulation treatment type selection. These plots helped to define acid fracturing as an optimum stimulation strategy for hot carbonate reservoirs, which are described in case studies.
The presented case studies describe implementation of an advanced approach to acid fracturing design and execution. The advanced approach consists of three key components. First is use of a single-phase retarded acid to achieve longer etched fracture half lengths, decrease volume of the treatment, and mitigate the potential for anhydrite precipitation. The second component of the approach is employing linear gel as a pad to minimize water breakthrough risks but, at the same time, provide adequate viscosity during the fracturing process. The third component is implementation of an advanced acid fracturing simulator, which can model complex acid-rock interaction and transport processes.
The combined advanced acid fracturing approach was applied to the design and execution of 15 acid fracturing jobs in Uzbekistan. Post-treatment production results showed that 300% productivity index (PI) increase was achieved for the entire set of wells. In comparison with the existing standard approach, the same PI increase was achieved with 70% less fluid pumped, and water breakthrough risk was successfully mitigated by optimization of fluid volumes in an advanced fracturing simulator.
Technological and Economical Optimization of a Hydraulic Fracturing Design: Choice of Proppant, Liquid and Pump Schedule
Authors: Shel Egor , Paderin Grigory , Kazakov Evgeny , Sayfutdinov Elnar , Gaynetdinov Ruslan , Uchuev Ruslan , Mukhametov Albert , Prutsakov Alexander 
Published: October 2020

The aim of the work is to determine the most cost-effective design of hydraulic fracturing with a fixed mass of proppant per operation under changing geological conditions.
To obtain an optimal hydraulic fracturing design, serial simulations were carried out on a hydraulic fracturing simulator with a Planar3D model for fracture geometry. The database of proppant passports and rheological properties of hydraulic fracturing fluids were used as input data. A design optimization scheme was developed for different effective viscosities of fracturing fluids and different formation parameters. Since decision-making is strictly bounded to the accuracy of the mathematical model, the mathematical model was validated in pilot tests at the Priobskoye field. Aggressive designs with increased proppant concentration were carried out in 4 wells. Rheology was interpreted from fracturing fluid tests. The reliability data was assessed by the convergence of the model wellhead and bottomhole pressures with the measured ones.
A pilot project was carried out in real conditions to validate the hydraulic fracturing simulator model with maximum data collection on reservoir geomechanics, fluid rheology, proppant and reservoir properties, and the accuracy limits of the model were set.
An integral concept of hydraulic fracturing design was developed based on accurate mathematical modeling, which allows you to get the maximum production output per ton of proppant. At the same time, the versatility of the proposed scheme was achieved based on dimensionless hydraulic fracturing parameters, which makes it possible to quickly recalculate the optimal design from one reservoir conditions to others.
Practical Aspects of Hydraulic Fracturing Design Optimization using Machine Learning on Field Data: Digital Database, Algorithms and Planning the Field Tests
Authors: Duplyakov Viktor , Morozov Anton , Popkov Dmitry , Vainshtein Albert , Osiptsov Andrei , Burnaev Evgeny , Shel Egor , Paderin Grigory , Kabanova Polina , Fayzullin Ildar , Uchuev Ruslan , Mukhametov Albert , Prutsakov Alexander , Vikhman Ivan , Staritsyn Maxim 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The study provides insights into the development of a data-driven model for hydraulic fracturing design optimization. We make a specific focus on practical aspects of testing the model in the field. Database for hydraulic fracturing treatments is built on the data from 22 oilfields in Western Siberia, Russia. The database contains about 5500 points with formation, well and fracturing process parameters, the target feature for model is a cumulative fluid production for 3 months. System and method for searching offset (similar) wells is also developed, tested and validated. Authors developed the model for predicting cumulative production that is used for futher hydraulic fracturing design optimization.
Interprofessional Communication (IPC) for Medical Students: A Scoping Review
Authors: Bok Chermaine , Ng Cheng Han , Koh Jeffery Wei Heng , Ong Zhi Hao , Ghazali Haziratul Zakirah , Tan Lorraine Hui En , Ong Yun Ting , Cheong Clarissa Wei Shuen , Chin Annelissa Mien Chew , Mason Stephen , Krishna Lalit 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Effective Interprofessional Communication (IPC) between healthcare professionals enhances teamwork and improves patient care. Yet IPC training remains poorly structured in medical schools. To address this gap, a scoping review is proposed to study current IPC training approaches in medical schools. METHODS: Krishna’s Systematic Evidence Based Approach (SEBA) was used to guide a scoping review of IPC training for medical students published between 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2018 in PubMed, ScienceDirect, JSTOR, Google Scholar, ERIC, Embase, Scopus and PsycINFO. The data accrued was independently analysed using thematic and content analysis to enhance the reproducibility and transparency of this SEBA guided review. RESULTS: 17,809 titles and abstracts were found, 250 full-text articles were reviewed and 73 full text articles were included. Directed Content analysis revealed 4 categories corresponding to the levels of the Miller’s Pyramid whilst thematic analysis revealed 5 themes including the indications, stages of trainings and evaluations, content, challenges and outcomes of IPC training. Many longitudinal programs were designed around the levels of Miller’s Pyramid. CONCLUSION: IPC training is a stage-wise, competency-based learning process that pivots on a learner-centric spiralled curriculum. Progress from one stage to the next requires attainment of the particular competencies within each stage of the training process. Whilst further studies into the dynamics of IPC interactions, assessment methods and structuring of these programs are required, we forward an evidenced based framework to guide design of future IPC programs.
Effectiveness of oral health education on eight to ten-year-old school children in rural areas of Magway Region, Myanmar
Authors: Swe Kyu Kyu , Soe Aung Kyaw , Aung Saw Htun , Soe Htin Zaw 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Oral diseases are common and widespread around the world. The most common oral diseases are preventable and early onset is reversible. Myanmar faces many challenges in rendering oral health services because about 70 percent of the total population resides in rural areas. These relate to the availability and accessibility of oral health services. Therefore, oral health education is one key element to prevent oral diseases and to promote oral health.Methods: A quasi-experimental study was carried out at Basic Education Middle Schools in rural areas of Magway Township to study the effectiveness of oral health education on knowledge and behavior of eight to ten-year-old school children. A total of 220 school children, 110 from the intervention school, and 110 from the control school participated in this study from 2015 to 2017. Data were collected before and after intervention in the two groups by using a self-administered questionnaire. Tooth brushing method data were collected by direct observation with a checklist. Oral health education was provided at eight weekly intervals for one year. At one and a half years, third-time data collection was done on the intervention group to assess retention. Chi-square test, two samples t-test, one way repeated measure ANOVA were used for data analysis. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Public Health,Yangon, Myanmar.Results: There were significant differences between the two groups in oral health knowledge (p<0.05) except one and also in behavior (p<0.001) after the intervention. A positive effect of the intervention was found in the intervention group. The intervention had a significant effect on the sustainability of the correct knowledge and behavior of the intervention group although the education session was stopped for six months (p<0.001). Their mean knowledge and behavioral scores at three different points got at these times were (2.45±1.12 and1.56±0.90) at baseline, (3.79±1.12 and 3.60±1.21) at one year after education, and (4.07±0.98 and 3.24±1.31) at six months after cessation of education, respectively. Conclusions: The repeated oral health education was effective to promote and sustain oral health knowledge and behavior.
Correlates of knowledge of family planning among people living in fishing communities of Lake Victoria, Uganda
Authors: Nanvubya Annet , Wanyenze R.K. , Nakaweesa T. , Mpendo J. , Kawoozo B. , Matovu F. , Nabukalu S. , Omoding G. , Kaweesi J. , Ndugga J. , Kamacooko O. , Chinyenze K. , Price M. A. , Geertruyden J.P. Van 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Knowledge of family planning (FP) is a key determinant of contraceptive use which ultimately plays a role in attainment of good health and in conduct of clinical research. People living in fishing communities (FCs) have limited access to health services including FP and are targeted for future clinical research but their knowledge of FP and its correlates are scantily known. We determined correlates of knowledge of FP among people living in FCs of L. Victoria in Uganda to inform future FP education programs in FCs.
We conducted a comparative cross-sectional survey among participants aged 15-49 years from Kigungu and Nsazi. Participants were asked if they were aware of any FP method. All those who responded in the affirmative were further asked to mention what FP methods they had heard of or knew. Those who reported knowledge of at least one FP method were asked a series of questions about FP methods and their side effects. Knowledge was categorized into good or poor knowledge based on their mean total score. Poor knowledge constituted a score below the mean while good knowledge constituted a score of more than or equal to the mean total score. To further explore attitudes and perceptions of FP, ten in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions were conducted.

Of the 1,410 screened participants, 94.5% were aware of at least one FP method. Pills and injectable hormonal methods were the most commonly known methods. Slightly over a third (38%) had good knowledge of FP. Correlates of knowledge of FP were; being female (aOR: 1.92 95% CI: 1.39-2.67), residing in Kigungu (aOR: 4.01 95% CI: 2.77-5.81), being married (aOR: 1.59 95% CI: 1.11-2.28) and currently being in a sexual relationship (aOR: 1.75 95% CI: 1.18-2.60). Concerns about safety and effectiveness of some modern FP methods exist. Misconceptions on effects of FP like sterility, cancers and foetal abnormalities were common.
FP awareness among people living in FCs of L. Victoria in Uganda is high. However, good knowledge about specific methods tends to be low. Correlates of knowledge of FP include gender, residence, marital status and sexual engagement.