bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Socio-Economic Impact of Covid-19 on The Economic Activities of Selected States in Nigeria
Authors: Obi Success Esomchi , Yunusa Tijani , Еzеoguеri-Oyеwolе Annе Nnеnna , Sekpe Sheneni Samuel , Egwemi Ejura , Isiaka Amina Shaibu 
Published: September 2020

COVID-19 pandemic which has spread to 35 states in Nigeria as a health crisis has translated to economic crisis affecting all sector of the Nigeria economy and brought the whole states to its knees. The fundamental question that comes to mind is; in what way did a health crisis translate to an economic crisis? How /why COVID-19 crippled many states economy in Nigeria? The answer lies in the methods in which COVID-19 has silenced economic activities ranging from the spread of the virus which translated to lockdown policy, band on interstate travel, restriction on movement, shutting down of worship centers, social distancing which led to the shutdown of businesses, trade, shutting down of the hospitality industries, commercial banks and events. We focused on the period from the start of March 2020 when the coronavirus began spreading into other states of the federation through May 4th, 2020 when the Federal government relaxed the lockdown policy. Our objective was to examine the socio-economic effect of the lockdown policy on business, transport and service/hospitality industries in three selected metropolis from three states within the period of relaxation. Using the multistage sampling method, we selected 300 respondents across the three sector examined. Data obtained via structured questionnaires was analysed using inferential statistics. This includes Multiple Regression Analysis, Coefficient for correlations of independent sample and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for significant impact samples. The findings reveal that the increasing number of lockdown days, interstate travel ban, social distancing, and restriction to essentials services severely affected the level of economic activities within the period under review. In contrast, CPL PSL RSM had negative relationship but significant impact in the model, while BSK and ITR negative non-significant impact in the models due to imposed restriction on internal movement, while the rest variables had positive significant effect on the level of economic activities.
Prosocial Behaviours of Members from Student Voluntary Clubs in Sagaing University of Education
Authors: Chit Yar Zar 
Published: September 2020

This study investigated the prosocial behaviors of members from student voluntary clubs in Sagaing University of Education, Myanmar. A total of 200 BEd students who are members from six student voluntary clubs in Sagaing University of Education participated in this study. Descriptive research design and survey method were used. Findings revealed that mean percentage of emotional prosocial behaviour is highest and that of anonymous prosocial behaviour is lowest. There were significant differences in students’ altruistic and emotional prosocial behaviours as well as there was significant difference in their prosocial behaviours by gender at =0.05 levels. However, there was no significant difference in students’ prosocial behaviours by club type. It was also found that there were commonly positive high correlations between total prosocial behaviour and each tendency at =0.05 levels. This study hopes to give some ideas to promote students’ prosocial behaviours.
THE EFFECT OF PORTFOLIO SIZE ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF PORTFOLIOS OF INVESTMENT FIRMS IN KENYA
Authors: KIMANI MBOGO PETER , ADUDA DR. JOSIAH 
Published: September 2020

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of portfolio size on the financial performance of portfolios of investment firms in Kenya. Methodology: The research design adopted a descriptive survey study. This implied that the total population of this study is 90 firms as given by the Kenya Association of Investment Groups (KAIG). For representativeness purposes, the current study took a sample size of 50% of the population. This was 45 firms. The study used secondary data from the financial statements of the investments firms. The selected period was 5 years. The researcher used frequencies, averages and percentages in this study. The researcher used Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to generate the descriptive statistics and also to generate inferential results. Regression analysis was used to demonstrate the relationship between the portfolio size and the performance of investment firms.Results: The finding reveal that investments firms in Kenya had put the biggest allocation of funds in stocks, followed by real estate portfolio and the least holding was in bond and money market funds. The findings also reveal that that the stocks portfolio generated the highest returns followed by bond and money market returns while real estate portfolio generated the least returns. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It was recommended that investment managers should consider increasing the number of stocks from the current average of 13 stocks to between 16 to 20 stocks. Such a portfolio size would be optimal since approximately 91% of risk would have been diversified. This will solve the question in mind of investment managers which has been as to how many individual stocks or investments are needed to compose an optimal portfolio. An optimal portfolio is preferred over a maximized portfolio due to the risk return tradeoff.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT ON PROFITABILITY OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA
Authors: WANJOHI ANTHONY , BAIMWERA MR. BERNARD 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of credit risk management on profitability of commercial banks in Kenya.Methodology: This study adopted a descriptive design. The study targeted a population of all the 44 commercial banks with the exception of Charterhouse bank which is under statutory management. The sample of this study was 86 employees out of a possible 30,056 employees from the 43 commercial banks. The sample of 86 was generated by purposively sampling two employees from each bank. One employee was a manager from the finance department while the other employee was a manager from the credit risk department. The questionnaire comprised of closed ended questions. Secondary data for ROA was identified. SPSS was used to produce frequencies, descriptive and inferential statistics which was used to derive conclusions and generalizations regarding the population. Regression analysis was also used to show the sensitivity of profitability, ROA to various independent variables.Results: The study findings indicated that credit department had various checks during loan credit review. The credit department always checked at the character of the borrower, collateral of the borrower, capacity of the borrower, capital of the borrower, conditions and controls during credit review. Results indicated that the banks had credit appraisal practices, credit monitoring practices, debt collection practices and credit risk governance practices in place. Regression results indicated that there was a positive and significant relationship between credit appraisal, credit monitoring, debt collection and credit risk governance practices and profitability of commercial banks.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study concluded that credit appraisal, credit monitoring, debt collection and credit risk governance practices had a positive effect on the profitability of commercial banks. The study recommends that the banks should continue emphasizing on the effective credit appraisal, credit monitoring, debt collection and credit risk governance practices so as to enhance maximum profits in banks.
EFFECT OF PRIVATIZATION ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF WATER UTILITIES IN KENYA: A CASE OF WATER COMPANIES UNDER COAST WATER SERVICE BOARD.
Authors: Jayne Nguthu 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This study therefore sought to evaluate the effects of privatization on financial performance of water utilities in line with water sector reforms objectives aimed at improving performance in the sector in Kenya in order to fulfill the global and national goals. The target population of the study was all seven water utilities registered as public limited companies commonly referred to as water service providers (WSPs) that operate under Coast Water Service Board (CWSB) in coast region. Methodology:The study used a census approach hence, included the whole population. Secondary data was used in the study for analysis using the Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to generate descriptive statistics, trend analysis and inferential statistics.Results: Descriptive results indicate that private sector management is an efficient means of privatization which some water companies in Coast County adopt. Delegated management a method of privatization is most used by most Water Service companies as it improves efficiency in operations, productivity and service delivery. Leasing contracts are considered expensive means of privatization; however, it is equally a performance efficient means of privatization. Corporatization on the other hand promotes efficiency and service delivery. Regression results show a positive and significant relationship between private sector participation, delegated management, leasing contracts and corporatization. ANOVA statistics indicate that the overall model was significant. Pearsons’ bivariate correlations show that all the variables had strong and positive correlation, private sector participation (0.893), delegated management (0.151), leasing contracts (0.441)and corporatization (0.536)respectively.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: These results imply that privatization positively affects the overall performance of a company. Through privatization companies are able to positively affect their service delivery, production levels, profitability and increase investment through stock trading.
EFFECT OF ECONOMY PRICING STRATEGY ON THE PROFITABILITY OF INSURANCE FIRMS IN KENYA.
Authors: Mungure Sheila 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The objectives of the study were to analyze effect of an IPO on the financial performance of listed companies in the Nairobi securities exchangeMethodology:The study will adopt an events study. The target of this study is companies that have issued IPOs and are listed in the Nairobi Securities Exchange.The sample will consist of companies that issued IPOs between 1996 and 2011.Our sample size is 13 listed companies in the NSE (Appendix II).The study will make use of secondary data.Market model will be used in coming up with Expected/Normal Return (R), Abnormal Return (AR), the Cumulative Abnormal Return (CAR) and then lastly, test for the significance of the study.Results:It was also possible to conclude that there was a positive but insignificant relationship between mean market return and PBT.It was psosoble to conlude that the mean abnormal retruns after the IPO were higher than before IPOIt was possible to conclude that going public allows the firm to enhance its bargaining power with bankers and financial creditors, and consequently reduces the firm’s cost of credit. It is also possible to conclude that selling shares to the public enhances a firm’s financial flexibility by generating additional sources of capital to finance growth and expansion and these is reflected by the high share prices. The study also concludes that increase in investor recognition and shareholder base due to an IPO lowers the firm’s cost of equity; enhances stock liquidity which is valuable for managerial incentive schemes, which inturn turn increases firm value. .Policy recommendation: The study recommends that the current efforts of listing small firms/SMEs should be fast tracked so as to facilitate the listing of small firms. It was recommended that the listed companies to go public as this enhances a firm’s financial flexibility by generating additional sources of capital to finance growth and expansion. This is reflected in their share prices.The study recommends that each county should have security exchange so that the private firms in the county can be listed. It was recommended that CMA should encourage firms to list as doing so would increases investor recognition and shareholder base which would lowers the firm’s cost of equity and improves frims value
DETERMINANTS OF EFFECTIVE DEBT COLLECTION IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA
Authors: Kitonga Peter 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the determinants of effective debt collection practices in Kenyan commercial banks.Methodology:The research was carried out through descriptive survey design. The total population of the study was 1118credit managers/supervisors or branch managersof the 37 commercial banks. A sample size of 118 respondents was selected through random sampling technique, which represents a 10% of the population. The study used both secondary and primary data specifically the study used a questionnaire as the preferred data collection tool. The questionnaire had close ended questions only. Secondary data on the level of Nonperforming loans/Gross loans was also collected. This study used the quantitative method of data analysis. Quantitative methods of data analysis included inferential and descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics included frequencies and measures of tendency mainly mean. Inferential statistics include correlation and regression analysis. The tool for data analysis was Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 program. The results were presented using tables and pie charts to give a clear picture of the research findings.Results:Results indicated that staff competence was highly emphasized in the banks. Results also revealed that the banks had invested in management information systems which were easy to use and compatible with other bank systems in place. Correlation results led to conclusion that that the relationship between staff competency and non-performing loans is negative and significant. It was concluded that the bank also had invested heavily intechnological resources to ensure smooth work flow of employees. Correlation results led to the conclusion that the relationship between financial resources and non-performing loans is negative and significant. The study further concludes that that the relationship between information technology management and non-performing loans is negative and significant. The findings imply that information technology has significant negative effect on non-performing loans.Policy recommendation:The study also recommends that investment in Information technology be emphasized in the banks as it has an effect on the overall achievement of competitive advantage. Therefore the organization is urged to invest in management information systems which are easy to use and which facilitate minimization of administration and operational costs.
DETERMINANTS OF STAFF COMPETENCY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DEBT COLLECTION IN COMMERCIAL BANKS
Authors: Kitonga Peter 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The study aimed to examine the determinants of determinants of staff competency on the effectiveness of debt collection in commercial banks.Methodology:The research was carried out through descriptive survey design. The total population of the study was 1118credit managers/supervisors or branch managersof the 37 commercial banks. A sample size of 118 respondents was selected through random sampling technique, which represents a 10% of the population. The study used both secondary and primary data specifically the study used a questionnaire as the preferred data collection tool. The questionnaire had close ended questions only. Secondary data on the level of Nonperforming loans/Gross loans was also collected. This study used the quantitative method of data analysis. Quantitative methods of data analysis included inferential and descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics included frequencies and measures of tendency mainly mean. Inferential statistics include correlation and regression analysis. The tool for data analysis was Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 program. The results were presented using tables and pie charts to give a clear picture of the research findings.Results: It was possible to conclude that staff competence was highly emphasized in the banks. Results led to a conclusion that all employees received induction training and all the learning was incorporated on the job training. Results revealed that on the job training was important and effective in improving employee performance; training had improved the employees’ knowledge gap about the bank, which helped them to adjust comfortably to the work environment. It was also possible to conclude that the bank encouraged staff exchange programs with other employees who improve work knowledge and productivity and the bank offers short training in form of seminars to improve staff competency.Correlation results led to conclusion that that the relationship between staff competency and non-performing loans is negative and significant. The findings imply that staff competency has a significant effect on non-performing loans in the banks.Policy recommendation:it is recommended that staff competence be emphasized in the banks as it has an effect on the overall achievement of effective debt collection practices. Therefore the management is urged to encourage sharingofpotentially sensitive information on costs, quality, and productivity on financial performance with other employees.
EFFECT OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DEBT COLLECTION IN COMMERCIAL BANKS
Authors: Kitonga Peter 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The study aimed to examine the effect of financial resources on the effectiveness of debt collection in commercial banks.Methodology: The research was carried out through descriptive survey design. The total population of the study was 1118credit managers/supervisors or branch managersof the 37 commercial banks. A sample size of 118 respondents was selected through random sampling technique, which represents a 10% of the population. The study used both secondary and primary data specifically the study used a questionnaire as the preferred data collection tool. The questionnaire had close ended questions only. Secondary data on the level of Nonperforming loans/Gross loans was also collected. This study used the quantitative method of data analysis. Quantitative methods of data analysis included inferential and descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics included frequencies and measures of tendency mainly mean. Inferential statistics include correlation and regression analysis. The tool for data analysis was Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 program. The results were presented using tables and pie charts to give a clear picture of the research findings.Results:Correlation results led to the conclusion that the relationship between financial resources and non-performing loans is negative and significant. This implies that an increase in the financial resources led to a decrease in non-performing loans. This further implies that financial resources influenced or affected non-performing loans negatively.Policy recommendation:it is recommended that staff competence be emphasized in the banks as it has an effect on the overall achievement of effective debt collection practices. Therefore the management is urged to encourage sharingofpotentially sensitive information on costs, quality, and productivity on financial performance with other employees.
The Adoption and Implementation of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards: The challenges faced by the United Nation in producing UN-IPSAS compliant financial reports in Kenya.
Authors: Whitefield Aleg A. , Savvas Panayiotis 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to assess the challenges faced by United Nations, Nairobi in adopting and implementing IPSAS. Methodology:The study used a mixed research design involving both descriptive and explanatory research designs to describe the state of affairs of the study variables as well as test the cause and effect relationships between variablesAccording to United Nations (UN) website, there are 13 United Nations agencies in Nairobi Kenya with a total of 540 accountants. The choice of accountants as a population is because they are the most knowledgeable users. The study units for this study werethe junior and senior accountants.The sampling units for the study were drawn from the 13 agencies in the UN team of Kenya. A sample size of 20% of the population was taken as the sample size. This yielded 108 accountants. Random sampling was done. A close ended questionnaire based on a likert scale was used to collect data. Data wasanalyzed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Specifically, frequencies count and regression analysis results were generated using SPSS version 20.Results:The study concluded that; technological challenges, organization challenges, financial challenges and perceived usefulness challenges significantly influence the rate of IPSAS adoption by UN agencies.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy:The study recommended that practitioners in the field of financial management and IPSAS software development should address the technological challenges associated with the adoption of IPSAS accounting. In particular, technical support from trained accountants, adequate ICT infrastructure and provision of training manuals would improve IPSAs adoption.
INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL STRUCTURE ON BANK PERFORMANCE IN COMMERCIAL BANKS IN EAC COUNTRIES
Authors: Peter Ketyenya Dr. Rutto , Mwaura Muroki F 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the Influence of financial structure on bank performance in commercial banks in EAC countries
Methodology: The study used cross country data analysis of 100 commercial banks and collected secondary data from annual published audited financial statements for the period 1997-2011
Results: The results from the balanced panel data set indicae a positive and significant relationship between financial structure and RoE.
Policy recommendation: The study recommended that the bank regulators need to encourage banks to list on their respective stock exchanges so as to increase banks share and also to enable them source for funding in the capital markets.