bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propensity score analysis of the prognostic value of genomic assays for breast cancer in diverse populations using the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Ibraheem Abiola , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Huo Dezheng 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundGenomic assays such as Oncotype Dx (ODX) and MammaPrint are used for risk‐adapted treatment decisions among patients with early breast cancer. However, to the authors' knowledge, concordance between genomic assays is modest. Using real‐world data, the authors performed a comparative analysis of ODX and MammaPrint.MethodsA cohort of women diagnosed with early‐stage, hormone receptor–positive breast cancer who received ODX or MammaPrint was established using the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) for 2010 through 2016. Using the propensity score matching method, 2 groups of patients with similar clinical and demographic characteristics were defined: one group received ODX and the other received MammaPrint. The authors examined the association between use of the ODX or MammaPrint assays and overall survival using Cox models.ResultsOf the 451,693 eligible patients, approximately 45.3% received ODX and 1.8% received MammaPrint testing. The use of ODX increased from 36.1% in 2010 to 49.9% in 2016, whereas use of MammaPrint increased from 0.5% in 2010 to 3.3% in 2016. The authors matched 5042 patients who received ODX with 5042 patients who received MammaPrint. The 5‐year risks of death for the MammaPrint low‐risk group and the ODX low‐risk group were 3.4% and 4.7%, respectively. The prognostic value of MammaPrint was similar to that of ODX; the C‐index was 0.614 (95% confidence interval, 0.572‐0.657) for MammaPrint and 0.581 (95% confidence interval, 0.530‐0.631) for ODX. There was a difference in the performance of the ODX assay observed across racial and/or ethnic groups (P < .001), with a slightly better performance noted among white compared with African American and Hispanic individuals.ConclusionsBoth the ODX and MammaPrint tests are good at identifying low‐risk individuals who could be spared chemotherapy. The suboptimal performance of ODX in ethnic minority individuals deserves further investigation.
Lightweight edge‐based kNN privacy‐preserving classification scheme in cloud computing circumstance
Authors: Tan Yejin , Wu Wei , Liu Jian , Wang Huimei , Xian Ming 
Published: June 2020

SummaryBecause mobile terminals have limited computing and storage resources, individuals tend to outsource their data generated from mobile devices to clouds to do data operations. However, utilization of the abundant computation and storage resources of clouds may pose a threat to user's private data. In this paper, we focus on the issue of encrypted k‐nearest neighbor (kNN) classification on the cloud. In the past few years, many solutions were proposed to protect the user's privacy and data security. Unfortunately, most privacy‐preserving data mining schemes are not lightweight, which are not practical in real‐world applications. To solve this issue, we proposed a lightweight edge‐based kNN (EBkNN) classification scheme over encrypted cloud database utilizing edge computing technology. Our proposed scheme can provide several security guarantees: (i) user's data security, (ii) user's query privacy, and (iii) data access patterns. We analyzed the security of our scheme utilizing the semi‐honest security model and evaluated the performance using a synthetic dataset. The experiment results indicate that our scheme is more lightweight than the state‐of‐the‐art scheme.
The relationship between fraternal birth order and childhood sex‐atypical behavior among the Istmo Zapotec muxes
Authors: Gómez Jiménez Francisco R. , Semenyna Scott W. , Vasey Paul L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch on male androphilia (i.e., sexual attraction towards adult males) consistently finds that androphilic males tend to have more older biological brothers than males who are gynephilic (i.e., sexually attracted to adult females). This fraternal birth order effect (FBOE) has been well replicated among androphilic males who present publically in a male‐typical (cisgender) and a female‐typical (transgender) manner. There is some evidence that the FBOE is more pronounced among transgender androphilic males. However, no studies have directly compared both forms of male androphilia within the same culture. This study tested the FBOE, and its association with childhood sex‐atypical behavior (CSAB), among the Istmo Zapotec of Oaxaca, Mexico, where both forms of male androphilia are referred to as a third gender, muxes. Our results indicated that both cisgender muxe nguiiu (n = 124) and transgender muxe gunaa (n = 120) were more likely to be later born among brothers than gynephilic men (n = 194). However, the number of older brothers did not differentiate between transgender and cisgender muxes, nor did it predict CSAB among muxes. These findings replicate the FBOE among both cisgender and transgender muxes but show no evidence that it is more pronounced among transgender androphilic males.
Electroanalysis of Gallic and Ellagic Acids at a Boron‐doped Diamond Electrode Coupled with High‐performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Hayes Phyllis E. , Glennon Jeremy D. , Luong John H. T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractElectrochemistry of gallic acid (GA) and ellagic acid (EA) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) using a bare boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode. CVs indicate that the electro‐oxidation of both GA and EA are quasi‐reversible processes. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a BDD electrode poised at+1.4 V offers the limit of detection (LOD, S/N=3) of 60 and 200 nM for GA and EA, respectively. The optimized method was then applied to the detection of both acids in Islay, Highland and Scotch whiskeys, with the highest concentrations found in a 14‐year‐old Highland whiskey.
An integrated macroelement formulation for the dynamic response of inelastic deformable rocking bodies
Authors: Avgenakis Evangelos , Psycharis Ioannis N. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThis paper presents a macroelement formulation for the prediction of the planar dynamic response of inelastic deformable rocking bodies. The formulation is based on a previous macroelement developed by the authors able to describe the cyclic response of inelastic rocking bodies, which takes into account the deformability both along the height of the member, as well as near the rocking end. Modifications of this formulation to account for other motion modes of rocking members during their dynamic response, namely, sliding and upthrow, as well as modifications to account for damping in a uniform manner during the whole motion, including impacts, are introduced. The dynamic response predicted by the macroelement for free‐standing rigid and deformable rocking bodies is presented and compared with existing theoretical solutions, and the effect of deformability, damping, inelasticity, and friction on the response is discussed.
Control for the large section roadway under small abandoned mines in the same coal seam by secondary support
Authors: Tai Yang , Xia Hongchun , Liu Hongjie , Ma Zhanyuan , Zhang Yanqun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo control roadway under small abandoned mines in ultrathick coal seam, this paper analyzed its deformation and failure characteristics. As a result, the roadway occurred roof leakage and right rib extrusion. Based on above characteristics, the secondary support schemes were put forward. To predict the control effects of the roadway, a numerical model was built to analyze its deformation under the secondary support schemes. Besides, the industrial test was carried out. From the test and numerical simulation, a significant increase could be found in vertical stress and bearing capacity on ribs after the secondary support. Moreover, under the secondary support, the roof separations of roadway decreased more than 90%, while the lateral displacements of the roadway dropped over 85%. Based on the above, it was indicated that the deformation of the roadway could be well controlled.
Adaptive power allocation based beamforming algorithm for multiple input and multiple output nonorthogonal multiple access system throughput optimization
Authors: Nogueira Lobo de Carvalho Marcos , Assis Cardoso Alisson , Henrique Teles Vieira Flávio 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe combination of nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) systems is considered a promising approach for 5G mobile communication networks. In addition, techniques such as user selection and beamforming could be applied to improve some parameters of system performance. In this context, we propose a joint user selection, adaptive power allocation, and beamforming algorithm for the downlink of massive MIMO NOMA systems in order to maximize the throughput of users. To this end, we present a novel optimal beamforming solution scheme based on the adaptive computation of signal power values to maximize system throughput, considering the less interfering users. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, simulations were performed considering different power allocation algorithms.
Environmental variation mediates the evolution of anticipatory parental effects
Authors: Lind Martin I. , Zwoinska Martyna K. , Andersson Johan , Carlsson Hanne , Krieg Therese , Larva Tuuli , Maklakov Alexei A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTheory maintains that when future environment is predictable, parents should adjust the phenotype of their offspring to match the anticipated environment. The plausibility of positive anticipatory parental effects is hotly debated and the experimental evidence for the evolution of such effects is currently lacking. We experimentally investigated the evolution of anticipatory maternal effects in a range of environments that differ drastically in how predictable they are. Populations of the nematode Caenorhabditis remanei, adapted to 20°C, were exposed to a novel temperature (25°C) for 30 generations with either positive or zero correlation between parent and offspring environment. We found that populations evolving in novel environments that were predictable across generations evolved a positive anticipatory maternal effect, because they required maternal exposure to 25°C to achieve maximum reproduction in that temperature. In contrast, populations evolving under zero environmental correlation had lost this anticipatory maternal effect. Similar but weaker patterns were found if instead rate-sensitive population growth was used as a fitness measure. These findings demonstrate that anticipatory parental effects evolve in response to environmental change so that ill-fitting parental effects can be rapidly lost. Evolution of positive anticipatory parental effects can aid population viability in rapidly changing but predictable environments.
Plasticity leaves a phenotypic signature during local adaptation
Authors: Radersma Reinder , Noble Daniel W.A. , Uller Tobias 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhenotypic responses to a novel or extreme environment are initially plastic, only later to be followed by genetic change. Whether or not environmentally induced phenotypes are sufficiently recurrent and fit to leave a signature in adaptive evolution is debated. Here, we analyze multivariate data from 34 plant reciprocal transplant studies to test: (1) if plasticity is an adaptive source of developmental bias that makes locally adapted populations resemble the environmentally induced phenotypes of ancestors; and (2) if plasticity, standing phenotypic variation and genetic divergence align during local adaptation. Phenotypic variation increased marginally in foreign environments but, as predicted, the direction of ancestral plasticity was generally well aligned with the phenotypic difference between locally adapted populations, making plasticity appear to "take the lead" in adaptive evolution. Plastic responses were sometimes more extreme than the phenotypes of locally adapted plants, which can give the impression that plasticity and evolutionary adaptation oppose each other; however, environmentally induced and locally adapted phenotypes were rarely misaligned. Adaptive fine-tuning of phenotypes—genetic accommodation—did not fall along the main axis of standing phenotypic variation or the direction of plasticity, and local adaptation did not consistently modify the direction or magnitude of plasticity. These results suggest that plasticity is a persistent source of developmental bias that shapes how plant populations adapt to environmental change, even when plasticity does not constrain how populations respond to selection.
Multitechnique dating of earthen irrigation canals at the La Playa site, Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Cajigas Rachel , Quade Jay , Rittenour Tammy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLa Playa (SON:F:10:3) is an archaeological site in Sonora, Mexico that contains the remains of an extensive preceramic earthen irrigation canal system. Modern floodplain erosion has destroyed the majority of these canals, but geoarchaeological investigations on areas of the system that remain reveal much about this early agricultural technology. Comprehensive dating using accelerator mass spectrometry14C on gastropods, charcoal, and soil humates and single‐grain optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating on canal sediments revealed that multiple irrigation systems were used at La Playa during at least two periods during the Early Agricultural period (~750–350 B.C. and ~ A.D. 50–250).14C and OSL age estimates from canals are in agreement with the earliest direct dates on maize from La Playa (A.D. 20–240), indicating that the introduction of maize corresponds to a significant investment in the modification of the floodplain environment for canal irrigation. The late phase of canal use (~A.D. 50–250) occurs before destructive floodplain erosion at the site. This is contemporaneous with local cultural changes, including the development of a new ceramic tradition, changes in burial practices, and changing subsistence strategies. These results demonstrate the utility of the combined14C and OSL approach for dating ancient earthen canals.
Work‐sampling studies applied for unit rate determination of labour‐intensive tunneling processes
Authors: Gschösser Florian , Tautschnig Arnold , Auderer Stefan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWork‐sampling studies are typically applied to determine unit rates (a measure of construction labour productivity) for labour‐intensive building construction processes. This study analyses how this methodology can be adapted for application to labour‐intensive tunnelling processes, e.g. the construction of the inner lining. Therefore, first, the application of the work‐sampling methodology for typical building construction process (wall formwork processes for a classical reinforced concrete building structure) was analysed. On this basis, a detailed work‐sampling study for constructing the inner lining of a railway tunnel was prepared and performed. Thereby, the usage of a tablet computer was tested instead of analogue execution with paper forms. The study demonstrated that work‐sampling studies allow the determination of average unit rates of tunnelling processes (for specific project and construction properties). Furthermore, the methodology allows to identify detailed unit rates with the goal to demonstrate specific influences (e.g. disturbances), which can be further utilized in construction and site management as well as claim management processes, such as the determination of productivity losses. However, the double analysis carried out for the tunnel inner lining (reinforcing and tunnelling workforce) and the size of the analysed workforces (up to ten workers) showed the limits for a one‐person work‐sampling study.
Bewertung von Sinter und deren Bildungsbedingungen in Tunnelbauwerken der ÖBB‐Infrastruktur AG – Ein Teilprojekt der Task Force Drainage
Authors: Eichinger Stefanie , Leis Albrecht , Boch Ronny , Seywald Christian , Dietzel Martin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractScale deposit formation in drainage systems of railway tunnels represents a major challenge for their functionality and maintenance. The removal of these scale deposits causes high costs and restrictions of system availability. Effective measures to reduce scale deposit formation range from specification of the composition and structure of building materials to the application of tailored prevention and cleaning strategies. This requires advanced knowledge of the origin and type of scale deposits. The aim of this study is a systematic compilation, characterization, classification, and evaluation of scale deposits in relation to their formation mechanisms and the influence of variable environmental factors. The scale deposits from the 16 investigated tunnels mainly consist of the minerals calcite, aragonite, brucite as well as iron (hydr)oxides and detrital components. Four major types of scale deposits are distinguished: (i) unconsolidated‐particulate, (ii) shard‐like, (iii) porous, and (iv) compact scales. Types (ii) to (iv) show clear indications of microbial activity affecting the formation and appearance of individual deposits by various metabolic processes. The determining factors for the formation of scales – in addition to the geogenic composition of the aqueous solutions in the drainage system (groundwater / surface water) – are the variable interaction of these waters with the binding agents of the building materials used and the tunnel atmosphere. Geogenic conditions and technical‐operational specifications of a tunnel determine the type and character of scale deposits, which can be actively influenced based on the case‐specific reaction mechanisms by individual adaptations of environmental conditions.
Sequencing and imputation in GWAS: Cost‐effective strategies to increase power and genomic coverage across diverse populations
Authors: Quick Corbin , Anugu Pramod , Musani Solomon , Weiss Scott T. , Burchard Esteban G. , White Marquitta J. , Keys Kevin L. , Cucca Francesco , Sidore Carlo , Boehnke Michael , Fuchsberger Christian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA key aim for current genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) is to interrogate the full spectrum of genetic variation underlying human traits, including rare variants, across populations. Deep whole‐genome sequencing is the gold standard to fully capture genetic variation, but remains prohibitively expensive for large sample sizes. Array genotyping interrogates a sparser set of variants, which can be used as a scaffold for genotype imputation to capture a wider set of variants. However, imputation quality depends crucially on reference panel size and genetic distance from the target population. Here, we consider sequencing a subset of GWAS participants and imputing the rest using a reference panel that includes both sequenced GWAS participants and an external reference panel. We investigate how imputation quality and GWAS power are affected by the number of participants sequenced for admixed populations (African and Latino Americans) and European population isolates (Sardinians and Finns), and identify powerful, cost‐effective GWAS designs given current sequencing and array costs. For populations that are well‐represented in existing reference panels, we find that array genotyping alone is cost‐effective and well‐powered to detect common‐ and rare‐variant associations. For poorly represented populations, sequencing a subset of participants is often most cost‐effective, and can substantially increase imputation quality and GWAS power.
Divergence between functional magnetic resonance imaging and clinical indicators of language dominance in preoperative language mapping
Authors: Omisade Antonina , O'Grady Christopher , Sadler R. Mark 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAccurate determination of hemispheric language dominance prior to epilepsy surgery is critically important to minimize cognitive morbidity. Functional MRI (fMRI) is a noninvasive method that is highly concordant with other clinical indicators of language laterality, and is now commonly used to confirm language dominance. However, there is also a high frequency of divergence between fMRI findings and other clinical indices that complicate determination of dominance and surgical decision‐making in individual patients. Despite this, divergent cases are rarely published or discussed. This article provides three illustrative examples to demonstrate common scenarios where fMRI may produce conflicting or otherwise difficult‐to‐interpret findings. We will also discuss potential reasons for divergence and propose a flow‐chart to aid clinical decision making in such situations.
Data‐driven integration of hippocampal CA1 synaptic physiology in silico
Authors: Ecker András , Romani Armando , Sáray Sára , Káli Szabolcs , Migliore Michele , Falck Joanne , Lange Sigrun , Mercer Audrey , Thomson Alex M. , Muller Eilif , Reimann Michael W. , Ramaswamy Srikanth 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe anatomy and physiology of monosynaptic connections in rodent hippocampal CA1 have been extensively studied in recent decades. Yet, the resulting knowledge remains disparate and difficult to reconcile. Here, we present a data‐driven approach to integrate the current state‐of‐the‐art knowledge on the synaptic anatomy and physiology of rodent hippocampal CA1, including axo‐dendritic innervation patterns, number of synapses per connection, quantal conductances, neurotransmitter release probability, and short‐term plasticity into a single coherent resource. First, we undertook an extensive literature review of paired recordings of hippocampal neurons and compiled experimental data on their synaptic anatomy and physiology. The data collected in this manner is sparse and inhomogeneous due to the diversity of experimental techniques used by different groups, which necessitates the need for an integrative framework to unify these data. To this end, we extended a previously developed workflow for the neocortex to constrain a unifying in silico reconstruction of the synaptic physiology of CA1 connections. Our work identifies gaps in the existing knowledge and provides a complementary resource toward a more complete quantification of synaptic anatomy and physiology in the rodent hippocampal CA1 region.
Tertiary amines as vinyl source for the formations of aryl or pyrrole ring on amido‐substitued 1,4‐quinone with the assistance of palladium salt
Authors: Jhou Jia‐Nan , Cheng Chiu‐Wen , Hong Fung‐E 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe one‐pot synthesis of 3‐isopropyl‐6‐methyl‐1H‐benzo[f]indole‐4,9‐dione (3e), N‐(4‐[isopentylamino]‐3,6‐dioxocyclohexa‐1,4‐dien‐1‐yl)acetamide (4d), 2‐(isopentylamino)‐6‐methylnaphthalene‐1,4‐dione (5b), and 2‐(4‐acetamido‐3,6‐dioxocyclohexa‐1,4‐dien‐1‐yl)‐N,N‐diisopentyl‐3‐methylbutanamide (6a) has been achieved via either pyrrol/aryl ring formations or amination reactions from the Pd(II)‐catalyzed reaction of N‐(3,6‐dioxocyclohexa‐1,4‐dien‐1‐yl)acetamide (2a_BQ) and in the presence of triisopentylamine. More 3‐, 4‐, 5‐, and 6‐like derivatives were obtained while other trialkylamines were used. Crystal structures of 3d_O, 3e, 4b, 4c, 4d, 5b, and 6a were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods. The 3‐ and 5‐like products reveal the formations of newly generated benzene rings with/without substitutions. The formation of 6a also implies an unusual reaction pathway of its generation. Based on the structural conformations of various 3‐like products, as well as 6a, mechanisms were proposed to account for the formations of these compounds. Various fascinating conformations of products observed in this work demonstrate the diversities of this type of reactions.