bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rate differences between first and second primary cancers may outline immune dysfunction as a key risk factor
Authors: Zheng Guoqiao , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Försti Asta , Hemminki Akseli , Hemminki Kari 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundMany cancers are increased in immunosuppressed patients and evidence is accumulating that immune dysfunction may be a contributing risk factor for second primary cancers (SPCs). The aim of this study was to explore the potential influence of immune mechanisms in SPC.MethodsWe used the Swedish Cancer Registry (1990‐2015) to select 13 male and 14 female first primary cancers (FPCs) that are known to be related to immune suppression. We assessed relative risks (RRs) for any of these as concordant (same first and second cancer) and discordant FPC‐SPC pairs. Hierarchical clustering of significant RRs was performed for cancers as FPC and SPC.ResultsConcordant risks for SPCs were excessive in men and women for nasal (RRs 59.3 for men and 150.6 for women), tongue/mouth (51.7 and 100.8), and lip (32.4 and 61.2) cancers. Heatmaps showed that some cancers, such as skin cancer, tongue/mouth cancers, and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma had multiple bidirectional associations as FPC and SPC. Nasal cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukemia had associations mainly as FPC while liver and kidney cancers showed most associations as SPC.ConclusionsImmune dysfunction may be a plausible contributing factor for most of the associations, which calls for experimental verification.
Trimodal therapy in T2‐4aN0M0 bladder cancer––How to select the best candidate?
Authors: Gofrit Ofer N. , Meirovitz Amichay , Frank Stephen , Rabinovich Igal , Luwisch Hemda , Yutkin Vladimir , Neuman Tzahi , Hidas Guy , Duvdevani Mordechai , Wygoda Marc 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe reported results of trimodal treatment (TMT) in muscle‐invasive bladder cancer vary widely. We attempted to characterize the profile of ideal candidates for this approach. Between 2000 and 2019, 105 patients (median age 78 years) with T2‐4aN0M0 bladder cancer were treated with TMT and analyzed retrospectively. Mean radiotherapy dose was 62 Gy (SD 8.4). Ten pretreatment prognostic parameters were evaluated including tumor diameter on pre‐TURBT CT. Multivariate analyses was performed and combination of parameters was studied. After a median follow‐up of 29 months, 53 patients (50.5%) developed recurrence and 70 patients (67.7%) died. Death was disease‐specific in 46 patients (65.7%). Tumor diameter was the most significant prognostic parameter with p < 0.0001 for overall, disease‐specific and recurrence‐free survivals. For every 1 cm increase in tumor diameter, the risk of disease‐specific mortality increased by 1.57. Age, cisplatin eligibility and the Charlson Comorbidity Index were significant predictors of overall survival but not of disease‐specific or recurrence‐free survival. Patients who were cisplatin‐eligible with a tumor diameter ≤3 cm had a 5‐year disease‐specific survival rate of 79.2% as opposed to 33.9% in patients without one of these features (p < 0.001). When tumor diameter exceeded 5 cm (irrelevant of all other parameters), 5‐year disease‐specific survival rate was only 28.2%. Patient profiles can accurately predict response to TMT. In cisplatin‐eligible patients with a tumor diameter ≤3 cm, TMT provides an excellent disease‐specific survival rate. In patients with a tumor diameter >5 cm TMT renders unacceptably poor treatment outcomes.
The impact of using negative versus positive Karma framing in donation appeals at grocery checkouts on the facilitating store's outcomes
Authors: Sharma Nazuk 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThere has been an increasing trend of soliciting donations for a store's charity partner by cashiers at grocery checkouts. A number of such charity appeals use the philosophical concept of Karma, which suggests equivalent outcomes to an individual's actions. Even though this concept is inherently neutral in stating the corresponding outcomes to both types of actions (i.e., good or bad), a majority of donation appeals use Karma's negative tenant alone (e.g., “when you don't donate, someone in your neighborhood goes without food”). Where previous message‐framing research has mainly focused on donation outcomes (e.g., pledged‐dollars), this research is a first of its kind to not only investigate the impact of using Karma's negative (vs. positive) tenants in prosocial messaging separately, but to also assess its effects on the largely‐ignored but critical store outcomes of purchase satisfaction and revisit intentions. Results from four scenario‐based experiments demonstrate that using a negative (vs. positive) Karma connotation in donation appeals at grocery checkouts significantly lowers consumers' purchase satisfaction at the store as well as their intentions to revisit the store in the future (with no major impact on the donation outcomes). Following established research on negativity bias, affect and moral consciousness, this research also shows that instead of emotions, lowered consumer mood mediates these effects. Furthermore, it evidences that the negative effect of using Karma's negative (vs. positive) connotation in checkout donation solicitations on the store outcomes attenuates when consumers' grocery basket consists of more hedonic (vs. utilitarian) products based on the former's mood‐uplifting properties.
Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Carbazole Alkaloids from the Folk Medicine Murraya tetramera C.C. Huang
Authors: Lyu Hai‐Ning , Zhou Ying , Wen Ran , Tu Peng‐Fei , Jiang Yong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe phytochemical investigation of the leaves and stems of Murraya tetramera C.C. Huang, a traditional folk medicine used as an anti‐inflammatory agent, yielded 19 simple carbazole alkaloids, two of which (1‐ethoxy‐3‐methyl‐9H‐carbazol‐2‐ol (1) and 7‐hydroxy‐2,8‐dimethoxy‐6‐methyl‐9H‐carbazole‐1‐carbaldehyde (2)) are new ones. The structures of the new compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis including NMR and HR‐EI‐MS experiments, as well as comparison with the reported data. Most of the isolates showed potent inhibitory effects on NO production in LPS‐stimulated BV‐2 microglial cells with IC50 values ranging from 5.1 to 15.1 μM.
Vapor Liquid Equilibria for Ionic Liquid/Ethanol/Water Systems and the Effect of Anion Hydrolysis
Authors: Faghihi Erfaneh , Mokhtarani Babak , Mortaheb Hamid Reza , Heydar Kourosh Tabar , Mirzaei Mojtaba , Sharifi Ali 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe performance of two tetrafluoroborate‐based ionic liquids (ILs) as entrainers in the dehydration of water/ethanol azeotropic mixtures was evaluated. Isobaric vapor‐liquid equilibrium (VLE) data were measured for the systems ethanol/water/1‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate and ethanol/water /n‐butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate including the azeotropic region. VLE data for the ethanol/water, ethanol/IL, and water/IL binary mixtures were obtained at 100 kPa. The hydrolysis of the tetrafluoroborate anion was studied for both types of ILs by 19F NMR analysis. The hydrolysis of the tetrafluoroborate anion does not have much effect on the ethanol/water VLE. The 19F NMR analysis indicated that hydrolysis occurred at high mole fractions of water.
Results of an early safety analysis of a study of the combination of pembrolizumab and pelvic chemoradiation in locally advanced cervical cancer
Authors: Duska Linda R. , Scalici Jennifer M. , Temkin Sarah M. , Schwarz Julie K. , Crane Erin K. , Moxley Katherine M. , Hamilton Chad A. , Wethington Stephanie L. , Petroni Gina R. , Varhegyi Nikole E. , Clift Sheena H. , Bullock Timothy N. J. , Showalter Timothy N. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors are being considered for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) together with standard‐of‐care pelvic chemoradiation (CRT). However, the safety of the combination and its optimal schedule are unknown. Defining the safety of the combination is a primary objective of a study examining concurrent and sequential schedules. This article presents a safety analysis that was fully accrued and met reporting requirements.MethodsPembrolizumab was given after CRT (arm 1) or during CRT (arm 2) according to a randomized phase 2 design. Patients who were 18 years old or older and had LACC (stages IB‐IVA according to the 2009 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics system) were randomized 1:1 to the treatment regimens. The CRT was identical in the 2 arms. Pembrolizumab was administered every 3 weeks for 3 doses; no maintenance was allowed. All patients receiving any treatment were evaluated for safety. Safety assessments included the incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs) and the occurrence of protocol‐defined dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT) through 30 days after the last pembrolizumab infusion.ResultsAs of August 2019, 52 of the 88 planned patients had completed treatment and were evaluable for toxicity. Treatment‐related grade 2 or higher toxicity was experienced by 88%; 11 had at least 1 grade 4 AE, and another 23 had at least 1 grade 3 AE. Grade 1 or higher diarrhea was reported in 34 patients (65%; 50% of these were grade 1), and there was no difference between arms (63% in arm 1 vs 68% in arm 2). Two patients experienced 3 DLTs. Most patients completed cisplatin (100% in arm 1 vs 82% in arm 2); 83% in both arms completed all pembrolizumab.ConclusionsPreliminary results support the safety and feasibility of adding pembrolizumab to pelvic CRT concurrently or sequentially.Lay Summary

Pembrolizumab is a humanized antibody against programmed cell death protein 1 that is used in cancer immunotherapy.

Preliminary data suggest that pembrolizumab can be safely combined with chemotherapy and pelvic radiation in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer.

Future studies of the addition of immunotherapy to traditional chemoradiation are planned to determine the best way to deliver the treatment and whether any improvement is seen with the addition of immunotherapy to traditional therapy.
Phytochemistry divergence among guarana genotypes as a function of agro‐industrial characters
Authors: Nina Natasha Veruska dos Santos , Schimpl Flávia Camila , Nascimento Filho Firmino José do , Atroch André Luiz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGuarana [Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke] is a typical South American plant, native to the Amazon, with subspontaneous occurrence in Maués, Amazonas, Brazil, where it was domesticated and cultivated by the Sateré‐Mawé indigenous community. Guarana is an original Brazilian product with great economic and industrial potential owing to the energetic, antioxidant, and medicinal properties of its seeds. In spite of its importance, there is still a gap in knowledge about genetic diversity and adaptations that might improve agro‐industrial uses of guarana seeds. This study was aimed at estimating phytochemical diversity, classification, and typology of guarana genotypes. Agro‐industrial potential among eight genotypes was estimated based on phytochemical characters (theobromine, caffeine, catechin, and epicatechin content, quantified by high performance liquid chromatography) and yield in three locations from harvests between 2015 and 2016. Phytochemical divergence was assessed by the mean Euclidean distance. Grouping was performed by the unweighted pair‐group method using arithmetic averages. Metabolite content varied considerably between genotypes (e.g., among caffeine [3.23–7.35%], catechin [0.20–3.57%], and epicatechin [0.09–4.22%]), and dry seed yield was the character with the greatest variation (0.048–5.13 kg plant−1). The metabolic profile variations of the genotypes were clustered into three chemotypes: energetic and antioxidant guarana (genotypes CIR815, CIR904, and CMA498); antioxidant guarana (genotypes BRS‐Maués and CMU874); and energetic guarana (genotypes CMA831, CMU952, and BRS‐CG372). Genotypes CIR815, CIR904, and CMU874 have the potential to be future commercial cultivars, providing quality raw material for soft drinks, energy drinks, and pharmaceutical products.
Potential‐ and Buffer‐Dependent Catalyst Decomposition during Nickel‐Based Water Oxidation Catalysis
Authors: Hessels Joeri , Yu Fengshou , Detz Remko J. , Reek Joost N. H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe production of hydrogen by water electrolysis benefits from the development of water oxidation catalysts. This development process can be aided by the postulation of design rules for catalytic systems. The analysis of the reactivity of molecular complexes can be complicated by their decomposition under catalytic conditions into nanoparticles that may also be active. Such a misinterpretation can lead to incorrect design rules. In this study, the nickel‐based water oxidation catalyst [NiII(meso‐L)](ClO4)2, which was previously thought to operate as a molecular catalyst, is found to decompose to form a NiOx layer in a pH 7.0 phosphate buffer under prolonged catalytic conditions, as indicated by controlled potential electrolysis, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. Interestingly, the formed NiOx layer desorbs from the surface of the electrode under less anodic potentials. Therefore, no nickel species can be detected on the electrode after electrolysis. Catalyst decomposition is strongly dependent on the pH and buffer, as there is no indication of NiOx layer formation at pH 6.5 in phosphate buffer nor in a pH 7.0 acetate buffer. Under these conditions, the activity stems from a molecular species, but currents are much lower. This study demonstrates the importance of in situ characterization methods for catalyst decomposition and metal oxide layer formation, and previously proposed design elements for nickel‐based catalysts need to be revised.
Modeling and stability analysis of dynamic oscillation behaviors in double‐input Buck/Buck‐Boost DC‐DC converters using frequency selective approach
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liu Wei , Ding Honghui , Meng Yongpeng , Cui Donggang 
Published: September 2020

SummaryDifferent from single‐input single‐output converters, stronger nonlinearity and coupling effect become ones of the most salient characteristics in the multiport DC‐DC converters (MPCs). Therefore, the MPCs can exhibit a great variety of more complex oscillation behaviors in different frequency regimes and seriously endanger system stability. In this paper, a frequency‐selective averaging model is proposed to investigate the low‐ and high‐frequency stability problem in the double‐input Buck/Buck‐Boost DC‐DC converter. At first, to characterize both low‐ and high‐frequency regime dynamics in one unified frame, the short‐time Fourier transform will be applied to obtain a frequency‐selective averaging model. Based on the proposed model, theoretical analysis is performed to identify subharmonic oscillation and low‐frequency oscillation by the movement of the eigenvalue loci. In particular, the underlying mechanism of the subharmonic oscillation and low‐frequency oscillation is uncovered deeply by participation analysis. It shows that period‐doubling bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation result in the subharmonic oscillation and low‐frequency oscillation, respectively. Moreover, some stability boundaries show the influence of varying parameters on system stability thoroughly, which is important to guide system stability enhancement. Finally, some circuit experiments are presented to verify the above theoretical and numerical results.
Reliable identification and quantification of anabolic androgenic steroids in dietary supplements by using gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
Authors: Micalizzi Giuseppe , Huszti Katalin , Pálinkás Zoltán , Mandolfino Filippo , Martos Éva , Dugo Paola , Mondello Luigi , Utczás Margita 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present research was the identification and quantification of specific anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) and other sterane structured compounds in dietary supplements (DSs). The adulteration of DSs by these compounds is of a particular concern in athletes, because it might lead to a positive doping result. The research was focused on the optimization of a highly sensitive and selective GC‐based analytical strategy using triple quadrupole MS as detector. Chromatographic method and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions of 28 target compounds were optimized. Sample clean‐up was carried out by using a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure, while the derivatization of AASs was performed by using N‐methyl‐N‐(trimethylsilyl)‐trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA). The method was validated, and the following parameters were investigated: linearity range, limit of detection, accuracy, and precision expressed in terms of intra‐day precision. The calibration curves were evaluated by using regression model and resulting in a good determination coefficients (R2 ≥ 0.9912). The residuals were scattered randomly around zero. The limits of detection (LODs) were lower than 7.0 ng g−1 or ng ml−1. The accuracy assessment was evaluated in different forms of DSs characterized by high sample‐to‐sample variability (liquid, powder, tablet, capsule, protein, and herbal‐based). Intra‐day assay precision was in all cases lower than 20%. The developed analytical method was successfully applied to the analysis of 67 commercially available dietary supplements. In five cases, one or more steroid‐type compounds were found in the concentration of 5 ng g−1–100 μg g−1, which might result adverse analytical findings in athletes.
Elimination profiles of microdosed ostarine mimicking contaminated products ingestion
Authors: Walpurgis Katja , Rubio Ana , Wagener Felicitas , Krug Oliver , Knoop Andre , Görgens Christian , Guddat Sven , Thevis Mario 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe possibility of nutritional supplement contamination with minute amounts of the selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) ostarine has become a major concern for athletes and result managing authorities. In case of an adverse analytical finding (AAF), affected athletes need to provide conclusive information, demonstrating that the test result originates from a contamination scenario rather than doping. The aim of this research project was to study the elimination profiles of microdosed ostarine and characterize the time‐dependent urinary excretion of the drug and selected metabolites. Single‐ and multi‐dose administration studies with 1, 10, and 50 μg of ostarine were conducted, and collected urine samples were analyzed by LC‐MS/MS following solid‐phase extraction or enzymatic hydrolysis combined with liquid‐liquid extraction.In the post‐administration samples, both the maximum urine concentrations/abundance ratios and detection times of ostarine and its phase‐I and phase‐II metabolites were found to correlate with the administered drug dose. With regard to the observed maximum levels of ostarine, the time points of peak urinary concentrations/abundance ratios, and detection windows, a high inter‐individual variation was observed. However, the study demonstrated that a single oral dose of as little as 1 μg can be detected for up to 9 (5) days by monitoring ostarine (glucuronide), and hydroxylated metabolites (especially M1a) appear to offer a considerably shorter detection window.The obtained data on ostarine (metabolite) detection times and urinary concentrations following different administration schemes support the interpretation of AAFs, in particular when scenarios of proven supplement contamination are discussed and supplement administration protocols exist.
Unidirectional response to bidirectional selection on body size. I. Phenotypic, life‐history, and endocrine responses
Authors: Renneville Clémentine , Millot Alexis , Agostini Simon , Carmignac David , Maugars Gersende , Dufour Sylvie , Le Rouzic Arnaud , Edeline Eric 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnthropogenic perturbations such as harvesting often select against a large body size and are predicted to induce rapid evolution toward smaller body sizes and earlier maturation. However, body‐size evolvability and, hence, adaptability to anthropogenic perturbations remain seldom evaluated in wild populations. Here, we use a laboratory experiment over 6 generations to measure the ability of wild‐caught medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) to evolve in response to bidirectional size‐dependent selection mimicking opposite harvest regimes. Specifically, we imposed selection against a small body size (Large line), against a large body size (Small line) or random selection (Control line), and measured correlated responses across multiple phenotypic, life‐history, and endocrine traits. As expected, the Large line evolved faster somatic growth and delayed maturation, but also evolved smaller body sizes at hatch, with no change in average levels of pituitary gene expressions of luteinizing, follicle‐stimulating, or growth hormones (GH). In contrast, the Small medaka line was unable to evolve smaller body sizes or earlier maturation, but evolved smaller body sizes at hatch and showed marginally significant signs of increased reproductive investment, including larger egg sizes and elevated pituitary GH production. Natural selection on medaka body size was too weak to significantly hinder the effect of artificial selection, indicating that the asymmetric body‐size response to size‐dependent selection reflected an asymmetry in body‐size evolvability. Our results show that trait evolvability may be contingent upon the direction of selection and that a detailed knowledge of trait evolutionary potential is needed to forecast population response to anthropogenic change.
Escape from natural enemies depends on the enemies, the invader, and competition
Authors: Lucero Jacob E. , Arab Nafiseh Mahdavi , Meyer Sebastian T. , Pal Robert W. , Fletcher Rebecca A. , Nagy David U. , Callaway Ragan M. , Weisser Wolfgang W. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

The enemy release hypothesis (ERH) attributes the success of some exotic plant species to reduced top‐down effects of natural enemies in the non‐native range relative to the native range. Many studies have tested this idea, but very few have considered the simultaneous effects of multiple kinds of enemies on more than one invasive species in both the native and non‐native ranges. Here, we examined the effects of two important groups of natural enemies–insect herbivores and soil biota–on the performance of Tanacetum vulgare (native to Europe but invasive in the USA) and Solidago canadensis (native to the USA but invasive in Europe) in their native and non‐native ranges, and in the presence and absence of competition.

In the field, we replicated full‐factorial experiments that crossed insecticide, T. vulgare–S. canadensis competition, and biogeographic range (Europe vs. USA) treatments. In greenhouses, we replicated full‐factorial experiments that crossed soil sterilization, plant–soil feedback, and biogeographic range treatments. We evaluated the effects of experimental treatments on T. vulgare and S. canadensis biomass.

The effects of natural enemies were idiosyncratic. In the non‐native range and relative to populations in the native range, T. vulgare escaped the negative effects of insect herbivores but not soil biota, depending upon the presence of S. canadensis; and S. canadensis escaped the negative effects of soil biota but not insect herbivores, regardless of competition. Thus, biogeographic escape from natural enemies depended upon the enemies, the invader, and competition.

Synthesis: By explicitly testing the ERH in terms of more than one kind of enemy, more than one invader, and more than one continent, this study enhances our nuanced perspective of how natural enemies can influence the performance of invasive species in their native and non‐native ranges.