bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of microbial diversity during two different wine fermentation processes
Authors: Böhmer Miroslav , Smoľak Dávid , Ženišová Katarína , Čaplová Zuzana , Pangallo Domenico , Puškárová Andrea , Bučková Mária , Cabicarová Tereza , Budiš Jaroslav , Šoltýs Katarína , Rusňáková Diana , Kuchta Tomáš , Szemes Tomáš 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT
Wine production is a complex procedure in which an important role is played by many microorganisms, particularly yeasts and bacteria. In modern wineries, alcoholic fermentation is usually carried out by adding microbial starter cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains for precisely controlled production. Nowadays, in the Slovak Republic, autochthonous vinification is getting more popular. The present article deals with the comparison of two vinification approaches, namely spontaneous fermentation and fermentation controlled by a standard commercial S. cerevisiae starter, from the point of view of microbiota dynamics and the chemical characteristics of the wines produced. The dynamics of microbial populations were determined during the fermentation process by a 16S and 28S rRNA next-generation sequencing approach. A profile of the volatile compounds during these fermentation processes was identified by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In summary, the microbial diversity in the m1 phase (initial must) was higher, despite the presence of the starter culture. In the m3 phase (young wine), the microbiome profiles of both batches were very similar. It seems that the crucial phase in order to study the relationship of the microbiome and the resulting product should be based on the m2 phase (fermented must), where the differences between the autochthonous and inoculated batches were more evident.
Shedding the load: moulting as a cause of variability in whole-body metal concentrations
Authors: O’Callaghan Irene , Sullivan Timothy 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Moulting is a biological process shared by aquatic macroinvertebrates, but while the exoskeleton is believed to be a major sink of metal pollutants, the contribution of the moulting of the crustacean exoskeleton to total accumulated metal concentrations is insufficiently considered. We present a conceptual, qualitative model that illustrates the impact of moulting on the whole-body burden of an unspecified metal analyte in a hypothetical moulting invertebrate. The model demonstrates that moult stage is a contributor to the whole-body pollutant concentration, and that this introduces a temporal component even in steady-state exposure conditions. The applicability of this model is illustrated by comparison to published results of pre- and post-moult accumulations. A solution for reducing this variability in the measurement of whole-body metal concentrations is presented, and its potential application to both ex-situ and in-situ studies of biomonitor species is discussed.
The Unintended Negative Effect of Positive Complementarity
Authors: Shereshevsky Yahli 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Ending impunity cannot be achieved by international criminal tribunals alone. Therefore, it is important that states will take a significant part in these efforts. The principle of complementarity is aimed to incentivize states to conduct domestic criminal proceedings against alleged perpetrators of international crimes. This article calls for a broader examination of the way in which the principle of complementarity incentivizes domestic actors. It argues that beyond the potential positive effect of complementarity on domestic criminal law, the shadow of the International Criminal Court creates a negative incentive for domestic courts to intervene in constitutional and administrative cases that examine general conduct of hostilities cases. The paper demonstrates this negative effect by examining a shift in the attitude of the Israeli Supreme Court in conduct of hostilities cases. In addition, the paper discusses the ways in which domestic courts attempt to regain their reputation following their increased deference in conduct of hostilities cases.
Incomplete Political Contracts with Secret Ballots: Reciprocity as a Force to Enforce Sustainable Clientelistic Relationships
Authors: Kamei Kenju 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Clientelism is frequently observed in our societies. Various mechanisms that help sustain incomplete political contracts (e.g., monitoring and punishment) have been studied in the literature to date. However, do such contracts emerge in elections with secret ballots when the interactions are one-shot? How does repetition affect the evolution of incomplete political contracts? Using an incentivized experiment, this article finds that even during one-shot interactions where monitoring is not possible, candidates form incomplete contracts through vote buying and promise-making. The candidates’ clientelistic behaviors are heterogeneous: some target swing voters, whereas others offer the most to loyal voters, or even opposition voters. These tactics distort voting behaviors as well as election outcomes. Repeated interactions significantly magnify candidates’ offers and deepen clientelistic relationships. These results underscore the possibility that clientelism evolves due to people’s strategic behaviors and interdependent preferences, without relying on alternative mechanisms (JEL C92, D72).
Processing Ambiguous Social Identity: Disclosure of Identity and Phenotypic Prototypicality Affect Processing and Evaluation of Persuasive Messages
Authors: Read Glenna L 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study investigates how news stories about models’ social identities, models’ actual social identities, and ease of categorization of models into societally predominant gender and racial categories affect processing and evaluation of persuasive messages. Participants read news stories about fashion companies that used transgender or biracial models in advertising campaigns or control stories and then viewed a series of still images edited to look like advertisements. Physiological responding and self-reported attitudes were recorded. Results indicated more positive evaluation of images preceded by news stories about models’ social identities compared to control stories. With a few exceptions, participants did not differ in their evaluation of images based on actual identity, although actual identity did affect processing. While participants responded positively to images with racially ambiguous models, they did not respond positively to images with androgynous models. Results are discussed in regard to theoretical and practical implications.
Instagram Inspiration: How Upward Comparison on Social Network Sites Can Contribute to Well-Being
Authors: Meier Adrian , Gilbert Alicia , Börner Sophie , Possler Daniel 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Passive exposure to others’ positive self-presentations on social network sites (SNS) such as Instagram has been repeatedly associated with reduced well-being, particularly by triggering upward social comparison and envy. However, prior research has largely neglected that upward comparisons on SNS may also facilitate positive outcomes, specifically media-induced inspiration, a motivational state highly conducive to well-being. We conducted two experiments that tested whether and how cognitive-affective processing of visual SNS postings results in inspiration. Study 1 (N = 270) provides first evidence that users react to more positive, optimized Instagram nature and travel posts with stronger upward comparison, which facilitates inspiration via an assimilative emotional reaction (benign envy), thus enhancing well-being. The preregistered Study 2 (N = 408) replicates these findings. Overall, results indicate that users can be inspired from comparing upwards on SNS, which may briefly improve their well-being. We discuss boundary conditions and implications for future communication research.
Associations Between Parent–Child Communication and Connectedness, Parent Feeding Behavior, and Child Body Mass in Pre-Adolescent Children
Authors: Lowe Kristina D , Lott Mark A , Jensen Chad D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective
This study evaluated associations between parent–child connectedness and communication, parent feeding behaviors (restriction, pressure to eat, and monitoring), and age- and sex-standardized child body mass index (zBMI) in a sample of pre-adolescent children aged 8–12 years.

Methods
A community sample of three hundred and eight child–parent dyads completed measures of communication and connectedness. Parents completed a feeding behavior measure and children were weighed and their height was measured. We examined whether parental feeding behaviors and parent–child communication and connectedness predicted child zBMI and whether parental feeding behaviors moderated the association between parent–child communication and connectedness and child zBMI.

Results
Feeding restriction was positively associated with zBMI, while both pressure to eat and food monitoring exhibited negative associations with zBMI. Child-reported communication was inversely associated with zBMI and parental pressure to eat moderated this association such that lower pressure to eat predicted a stronger association between communication and zBMI.

Conclusions
These findings are consistent with previous research suggesting that parent feeding strategies and parent–child communication are important contributors to child weight status. This study also provides preliminary evidence suggesting that adaptive parent–child communication is associated with lower body mass when parents avoid pressuring their child to eat. Our study provides an important extension of this body of research into middle childhood, a relatively understudied developmental stage.
A hadronic emission model for black hole-disc impacts in the blazar OJ 287
Authors: Rodríguez-Ramírez J C , Kushwaha P , de Gouveia Dal Pino E M , Santos-Lima R 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTA supermassive black hole (SMBH) binary in the core of the blazar OJ 287 has been invoked in previous works to explain its observed optical flare quasi-periodicity. Following this picture, we investigate a hadronic origin for the X-ray and γ-ray counterparts of the November 2015 major optical flare of this source. An impact outflow must result after the lighter SMBH (the secondary) crosses the accretion disc of the heavier one (the primary). We then consider acceleration of cosmic ray (CR) protons in the shock driven by the impact outflow as it expands and collides with the active galactic nucleus (AGN) wind of the primary SMBH. We show that the emission of these CRs can reproduce the X-ray and γ-ray flare data self-consistently with the optical component of the 2015 November major flare. The derived emission models are consistent with a magnetic field B ∼ 5 G in the emission region and a power-law index of q ∼ 2.2 for the energy distribution of the emitting CRs. The mechanical luminosity of the AGN wind represents $\lesssim 50{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the mass accretion power of the primary SMBH in all the derived emission profiles.
Fear conditioning prompts sparser representations of conditioned threat in primary visual cortex
Authors: Yin Siyang , Bo Ke , Liu Yuelu , Thigpen Nina , Keil Andreas , Ding Mingzhou 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Repeated exposure to threatening stimuli alters sensory responses. We investigated the underlying neural mechanism by re-analyzing previously published simultaneous electroencephalogram-functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) data from humans viewing oriented gratings during Pavlovian fear conditioning. In acquisition, one grating (CS+) was paired with a noxious noise, the unconditioned stimulus (US). The other grating (CS-) was never paired with the US. In habituation, which preceded acquisition, and in extinction, the same two gratings were presented without US. Using fMRI multivoxel patterns in primary visual cortex during habituation as reference, we found that during acquisition, aversive learning selectively prompted systematic changes in multivoxel patterns evoked by CS+. Specifically, CS+ evoked voxel patterns in V1 became sparser as aversive learning progressed, and the sparsified pattern appeared to be preserved in extinction. Concomitant with the voxel pattern changes, occipital alpha oscillations were increasingly more desynchronized during CS+ (but not CS-) trials. Across acquisition trials, the rate of change in CS+-related alpha desynchronization was correlated with the rate of change in multivoxel pattern representations of CS+. Furthermore, alpha oscillations co-varied with blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) data in the ventral attention network, but not with BOLD in the amygdala. Thus, fear conditioning prompts persistent sparsification of voxel patterns evoked by threat, likely mediated by attention-related mechanisms
Life Course Events and Migration in the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Horowitz Jonathan , Entwisle Barbara 
Published: September 2020

AbstractDo life course events stimulate migration during the transition to adulthood? We identify nine specific life events in the family, education, and employment domains and test whether they lead to migration in the short term, using fixed-effects models that remove the influence of all stable individual-level characteristics and controlling for age. Marital and school completion events have substantively large effects on migration compared with individual work transitions, although there are more of the latter over the young adult years. Furthermore, young adults who are white and from higher class backgrounds are more likely to migrate in response to life events, suggesting that migration may be a mechanism for the reproduction of status attainment. Overall, the results demonstrate a close relationship between life course events and migration and suggest a potential role for migration in explaining the effect of life course events on well-being and behavior.
Agreement of Postoperative Pain Assessment by Parents and Clinicians in Children Undergoing Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Kang Michael Seungcheol , Park Jinhee , Kim Jinhyun 
Published: September 2020

Background:Postoperative pain assessment in children is crucial for proper nursing care. However, research on the agreement of these assessments with a patient's self-reported pain level is lacking. The aim was to investigate the agreement between patients' subjective postoperative pain and corresponding observers' pain assessments.Methods:In children who underwent orthopedic limb surgery, we investigated the agreement between their reported pain levels and observers' pain assessments using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) on postoperative day 1. The parents (specifically the mother) and clinicians (a doctor and a nurse in the field of pediatric orthopedics) participated as observers. Reliabilities using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and correlations using Spearman's coefficients (rs) were calculated.Results:The patients' pain intensities (2.1± 2.1 [NPRS] and 2.0 ± 1.9 [FPS-R]) were overestimated by parents (2.5 ± 2.0 [NPRS],p= .022), but underestimated by clinicians (1.5 ± 1.2 [NPRS],p< .001, and 1.5 ± 1.2 [FPS-R],p= .006). The overall reliabilities between parents and patients were good (ICCs > 0.75 for both NPRS and FPS-R), and the correlations between them were even strong in some circumstances, such as when the patient was a girl, the diagnostic type was a disease, or the lower extremity was operated (rss > 0.7). However, the agreements between clinicians and patients were only moderate.Conclusions:The subjective pediatric postoperative pain intensities had different agreements according to the observers. The parents' assessments should be considered for the accurate assessments, but their tendency to overestimate their children's pain should also be taken into account.
Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound Identifies Patent Feeding Vessels in Transarterial Chemoembolization Patients With Residual Tumor Vascularity
Authors: Wessner Corinne E. , Shaw Colette M. , Stanczak Maria , Forsberg Flemming , Lyshchik Andrej , Tan Allison , Eisenbrey John R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often requires retreatment and identification of feeding vessels supplying the residual/recurrent tumor is an important step in treatment planning. The objective of this study was to determine if contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) could correctly identify the vessel supplying the residual tumor. To date, 69 patients have undergone CEUS follow-up of HCC TACE therapy at our institution as part of an ongoing institutional review board approved trial (NCT02764801). The CEUS examinations were performed before HCC TACE as well as 1 to 2 weeks and 1 month after treatment using a Logiq E9 scanner with a C1–6 curved array transducer (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI). The CEUS images obtained 2 weeks after initial TACE treatment were reviewed, and any feeding vessels supplying the residual HCC were identified. Digital subtraction angiograms during the retreatment TACE were used as reference standard for feeding vessel identification. Thirteen patients with viable HCC post-TACE were included in this study. In these cases, the sonographer correctly identified 85% (11 of 13) of the feeding vessels later confirmed by angiography. Importantly, one of the false-negative cases involved a segment 8 tumor with parasitic blood supply from the medial left hepatic artery. In this case, CEUS identified a largely treated tumor with some residual internal flow, but was unable to visualize any major hepatic vascularity supplying the tumor. In conclusion, CEUS appears to be a valuable tool for planning retreatment of residual HCC post-TACE.
Contrast -Enhanced Ultrasound
Authors: Barr Richard G. , Wilson Stephanie R. , Lyshchik Andrej , McCarville Beth , Darge Kassa , Grant Edward , Robbin Michelle , Wilmann Juergen Karl , Chong Wui K. , Fleischer Arthur , Paltiel Harriet J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound convened a panel of specialists in contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to produce a white paper on noncardiac CEUS in North America. The panel met in Chicago, Illinois, on October 24 and 25, 2017. The recommendations are based on analysis of current literature and common practice strategies and are thought to represent a reasonable approach to introduce the advantages of this safe and noninvasive technique for the benefit of our patients. Characterization of liver nodules, and pediatric vascular and intravesicular applications comprise the approved indications for CEUS in the United States. They, along with the very successful off-label use of CEUS for the kidney, are included in this publication.
Other off-label uses are presented with emphasis on their value and literature support in the online version.
White Matter Hyperintensities Contribute to Language Deficits in Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Meier Erin L. , Breining Bonnie L. , Sheppard Shannon M. , Goldberg Emily B. , Tippett Donna C. , Tsapkini Kyrana , Faria Andreia V. , Hillis Argye E. 
Published: September 2020

Objective:To determine the contribution of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) to language deficits while accounting for cortical atrophy in individuals with primary progressive aphasia (PPA).Method:Forty-three individuals with PPA completed neuropsychological assessments of nonverbal semantics, naming, and sentence repetition plus T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery scans. Using three visual scales, we rated WMH and cerebral ventricle size for both scan types. We used Spearman correlations to evaluate associations between the scales and scans. To test whether visual ratings—particularly of WMH—are associated with language, we compared a base model (including gray matter component scores obtained via principal component analysis, age, and days between assessment and MRI as independent variables) with full models (ie, the base model plus visual ratings) for each language variable.Results:Visual ratings were significantly associated within and between scans and were significantly correlated with age but not with other vascular risk factors. Only the T2 scan ratings were associated with language abilities. Specifically, controlling for other variables, poorer naming was significantly related to larger ventricles (P= 0.033) and greater global (P= 0.033) and periventricular (P= 0.049) WMH. High global WMH (P= 0.034) were also correlated with worse sentence repetition skills.Conclusion:Visual ratings of global brain health were associated with language deficits in PPA independent of cortical atrophy and age. While WMH are not unique to PPA, measuring WMH in conjunction with cortical atrophy may elucidate more accurate brain structure–behavior relationships in PPA than cortical atrophy measures alone.
The Need to Intervene Before Time Point 2: Evidence From Clinical and Animal Data That Status Epilepticus Damages the Brain
Authors: Joshi Suchitra , Goodkin Howard P. 
Published: September 2020

Summary:
Status epilepticus, a condition characterized by abnormally prolonged seizures, has the potential to cause irreversible, structural or functional, injury to the brain. Unfavorable consequences of these seizures include mortality, the risk of developing epilepsy, and cognitive impairment. We highlight key findings of clinical and laboratory studies that have provided insights into aspects of cell death, and anatomical and functional alterations triggered by status epilepticus that support the need to intervene before time point 2, the time after which the risk of these long-term consequences increases.
Impact of Screening and Follow-up Colonoscopy Adenoma Sensitivity on Colorectal Cancer Screening Outcomes in the CRC-AIM Microsimulation Model
Authors: Fisher Deborah A. , Saoud Leila , Lich Kristen Hassmiller , Fendrick A. Mark , Ozbay A. Burak , Borah Bijan J. , Matney Michael , Parton Marcus , Limburg Paul J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundReal-world data for patients with positive colorectal cancer (CRC) screening stool-tests demonstrates that adenoma detection rates are lower when endoscopists are blinded to the stool-test results. This suggests adenoma sensitivity may be lower for screening colonoscopy than for follow-up to a known positive stool-based test. Previous CRC microsimulation models assume identical sensitivities between screening and follow-up colonoscopies after positive stool-tests. The Colorectal Cancer and Adenoma Incidence and Mortality Microsimulation Model (CRC-AIM) was used to explore the impact on screening outcomes when assuming different adenoma sensitivity between screening and combined follow-up/surveillance colonoscopies.MethodsModeled screening strategies included colonoscopy every 10 years, triennial multitarget stool DNA (mt-sDNA), or annual fecal immunochemical test (FIT) from 50-75 years. Outcomes were reported per 1,000 individuals without diagnosed CRC at age 40. Base-case adenoma sensitivity values were identical for screening and follow-up/surveillance colonoscopies. Ranges of adenoma sensitivity values for colonoscopy performance were developed using different slopes of odds ratio adjustments and were designated as small, medium, or large impact scenarios.ResultsAs the differences in adenoma sensitivity for screening versus follow-up/surveillance colonoscopies became greater, life-years gained (LYG) and reductions in CRC-related incidence and mortality versus no screening increased for mt-sDNA and FIT and decreased for screening colonoscopy. The LYG relative to screening colonoscopy reached >90% with FIT in the base-case scenario and with mt-sDNA in a “medium impact” scenario.ConclusionsAssuming identical adenoma sensitivities for screening and follow-up/surveillance colonoscopies underestimates the potential benefits of stool-based screening strategies.