bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis of glucomannan agroindustrial waste
Authors: Nasrullah M , Purwoko  , Sunarti T C 
Published: June 2020

AbstractProcessing iles-iles tubers (Amorphophallus onchophyllus) into glucomannan flour leaves waste in the form of solid powder which is a by-product of the glucomannan separation process. The waste contains starch, fiber, and the remaining glucomannan which can still be used as simple sugar through hydrolysis. The purpose of this study is to examine the hydrolysis process of glucomannan agro-industrial waste using acidic and enzymatic methods as a comparison and to determine its effect on the products and by-products formed. Acid hydrolysis using conventional heating (autoclaves) and microwaves with dilute acids, HCl and H2SO4at concentrations of 0.5 M and 1 M. Enzymatic hydrolysis using a consortium of α-amylase (1.75 and 3.5 U/g), amyloglucosidase (0.3 and 0.6 U/g), and cellulase (1 and 2 U/g). The results showed the potential of waste with the main components consisting of starch (47.26 ± 0.29%), fiber (15.79 ± 0.62%), residual glucomannan (12.64 ± 0.26%). Acid hydrolysis using HCl (0.40-0.56 g sugar/g dry matter) results slightly higher than H2SO4(0.43-0.53 g sugar/g dry matter). Autoclaves hydrolysis produces sugars with a high DE (76.08-100.18), but with a lower yield (35.90-40.50 %), while the microwave hydrolysis produces sugars with a DP (1.62-2.22) and a higher yield. The higher the concentration of acid, the reducing sugar value, DE, and the higher HMF, but lower DP. In enzymatic hydrolysis, an increase in enzyme dose gives results that are not significantly different. The best treatment is obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis with normal doses because it has a reducing sugar (0.43 g reducing sugar/g dry matter) and total sugar (0.66 g sugar/g dry matter) high and a low HMF (0.19 mg HMF/g dry matter).
Production of biodegradable film based on sweet potato starch with hydroxypropylation-crosslinking
Authors: Saman W R , Yuliasih I , Sugiarto  
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Plastics that are used as packaging have many advantages including flexible, transparent and not easily torn. The disadvantages of the material used in the manufacture of conventional plastics are non-biodegradable in the environment. One of the ingredients for making biodegradable films is white sweet potato, this is because chemically, sweet potato has amylose content of 35.99%. Native biodegradable starch films have hydrophilic properties, to overcome these weaknesses, it is necessary to repair or modify starch. Biodegradable hydroxypropylationcrosslinking films have a lower solubility value than unmodified films. High film solubility values indicate a decrease in the quality of the film to be used as food packaging material because the film easily dissolves in water and increases the possibility of damage to packaged products especially for products easily affected by water content. The tensile strength and percent elongation values of the entire modified starch films have a higher value than those of natural sweet potato starch films. Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) is lower than that of natural sweet potato starch films. Transparency value has decreased to 13.89-14.10 (%abs/mm) which indicates that the film is in good clarity.
Production and characterization of PVA/alginate composite filament with cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunches
Authors: Sihite R E M , Fahma F , Sailah I , Yunus M , Kusumaatmaja A , Mukti R R , Kadja G T M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Cellulose is a renewable natural polymer that has abundant availability in the Earth and found in oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs). OPEFBs is one of the biomass produced from the crude palm oil industry. Cellulose fibers were isolated by alkaline treatment and bleaching. Cellulose from OPEFBs can be utilized as filament material by mixing it with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and alginate. In this work, OPEFBs cellulose/PVA/alginate composite filaments were produced by the wet spinning method with 9 wt% CaCl2 as a coagulant solvent and characterized. The effect of composite formulation on mechanical, morphological, crystallinity, and thermal properties of filaments was observed. The observed result shows that the increasing cellulose concentration had excellent thermal stability, higher crystallinity, with the morphology of the surface became rougher than 0% cellulose filament. The addition of cellulose had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of filaments, increasing the tensile strength and decreasing the elongation of filaments.
Encapsulation of ginger oleoresin with a combination of maltodextrin and skim milk powder as wall material
Authors: Setyaningsih D , Kurniawan D , Muna N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Ginger oleoresin has active ingredients that are very sensitive to temperature, light, process and storage conditions. Its thick and sticky physical properties also make it difficult in application and handling. Encapsulation is the solution to overcome this problem. The purpose of this study is to select the concentration of maltodextrin and skim milk powder as wall material, the ratio of emulsifier to oleoresin, and to determine the best formulation affected by the ratio of wall material to oleoresin on the characteristics of encapsulated ginger oleoresin. The best formula for encapsulation is from the ratio of maltodextrin and skim milk powder 0.5 : 1.0 as wall material and oleoresin concentration is 15% of the wall material. This treatment resulted in 92.31% encapsulation efficiency. Increase of maltodextrin concentration leads to increase emulsion viscosity, decrease emulsion stability and increase solubility in water, meanwhile increase of skim milk powder and oleoresin concentration leads to increase the encapsulation efficiency. GC-MS analysis of essential oils in oleoresin and in microcapsules show that there is no different composition of active compounds. The application of ginger oleoresin microcapsules on instant ginger tested by hedonic test found that the highest score consisted of 0.3 g of microcapsules in formula.
Effect of nitrogen nanobubble preservation on the quality, microbial population, and storage life of fresh yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares)
Authors: Saputra R N , Rahmawati A I , Absirin M F , Junaedi H , Cahyadi D , Noviyanto A , Nugroho D W , Suryandaru  , Ikono R , Rochman N T 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of nitrogen nanobubble for storing fresh yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). Yellowfin tuna were stored for 10 days in two types of treatment: nitrogen nanobubble (NNB) and conventional packaging process (CPC). Two methods including qualitative (organoleptic) and quantitative (histamine and mercury content, and total plate count of bacteria) were analyzed to determine the treatments effect on post-harvest quality, microbial population, and shelf-life of the fish. Results show that nitrogen nanobubble is proven to maintain dissolved oxygen levels remain in low conditions ( < 1 mg/L) during treatment. Although the organoleptic properties for both treatments do not show any significant differences, the lowest histamine and mercury contents are found in treatment NNB at 11.8 mg/kg and 0.14 mg/kg, respectively. The microbes in treatment NNB is achieved levels deemed safe (based on national standards) at 1.8 × 104colonies/g,E. colicontent <3 MPN/g, and the presence ofSalmonellasp. are not detected. Our results suggest that treatment NNB is preferable for preservation process of fresh yellowfin tuna and might improve to extend the shelf-life.
Physical properties and protein content evaluation of fermented floating feed containing black soldier fly maggots as a potential alternative for fish feed
Authors: Maulana M F , Mauladani S , Rahmawati A I , Ma’hadah R , Kamila M , Syarif A , Komarudin  , Saputra H K H , Junaedi H , Cahyadi D , Ahidin U , Sriherwanto C , Suja’i I , Nadaviana A , Nugroho D W , Ikono R , Rochman N T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine physical properties of experimentally formulated diets containing black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) maggots as a protein source replacement. It is fermented by Rhizopus sp. to increase buoyancy in water. Maggots at 60% of total ingredients are incorporated into six prepared diets which received two types of agriculture wastes at three different ratios (3:7, 1:4, 3:17) and tapioca at two different levels (10% and 12%). The protein content is analyzed using proximate method and the physical properties (measured in stability and buoyancy) are evaluated by testing floatation ability under aeration and non-aeration conditions. The six formulated diets have protein content up to 28% (w/w), while the buoyancy and stability characteristics range from 70-93% and 80-95%, respectively. The diet with 3:7 ratio of agriculture wastes and 10% tapioca gives the best results in stability and protein content at 95% and 28.04% (w/w), respectively. Due to its high value properties, the maggot-based floating feed could be used as an alternative nutrition source for fish feed.
Bio-ethanol production from sweet sorghum bagasse by engineered simultaneous saccharification and fermentation technology using Trichoderma reesei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Syamsu K , Haditjaroko L , Syadiah E A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
This study was performed on sweet sorghum bagasse as a medium for bio-ethanol production. The aim of this study is to design a method to produce bio-ethanol by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) technology using Trichoderma reesei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a higher yield. Pre-treatment stage was conducted by using sodium hydroxide (2%) hydrothermal and hydrogen peroxide (7.44%) for 6 h, at temperature of 40°C and agitation of 120 rpm. The experimental setup consisted of two treatments, namely Conventional SSF (CSSF) and Engineered SSF (ESSF). The results show that Conventional SSF using full agitation and aeration can produce bio-ethanol at 6.6 g L−1, with the yield (Y p/s) of 0.17 g bio-ethanol/g substrate, and productivity of 0.09 g L-1 h-1. A better result is obtained using Engineered SSF which produces bio-ethanol at 10.73 g L-1, with the yield (Y p/s) of 0.33 g bio-ethanol/g substrate and productivity of 0.15 g L-1 h-1.
A synthesis of AgNP-rGO-PANI nanocomposite and its use in fabrication of chipless RFID sensor: current research progress
Authors: Junervin  , Djatna T , Fahma F 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chipless RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag has attracted significant attention due to the low manufacturing cost. By eliminating the use of integrated circuit (IC), chipless RFID tag can offer competitive price in order to completely replace barcode systems. Besides, integration of physical parameter sensors with chipless RFID will open up a new domain for controlling and monitoring perishable items. It can also be fully printable by using inkjet-printed technology. The inkjet-printed technique is one of the most promising technological solutions for the realization of chipless RFID with low-cost advantage. Various types of conductive inks with different fillers such as metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes (CNT), and polymer have been developed for printed electronics. It needs deep investigation and study in designing low-cost but robust by using conductive ink on a low-cost substrate. The aim of this review is to claim research gap related to how AgNP-rGO-PANI (Silver Nanoparticle - Reduced Graphene Oxide - Polyaniline) nanocomposite has both scientific and economic advantages. The inkjet-printed method using conductive inks with nanocomposite fillers synthesized from semiconductor materials such as graphene, silver nanoparticles, and polyaniline on a thin sheet of low-cost substrate. This review provides an overview of synthesis methods of AgNP-rGO-PANI nanocomposite, structure and design of chipless RFID sensor, and chipless RFID sensor fabrication methods.
Pollutants removal in electrocoagulation of detergent wastewater
Authors: Suprihatin  , Aselfa F S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Detergent wastewater contains pollutants, mainly nutrients (phosphor), that have harmful impact on the environment (eutrophication). Electrocoagulation is an alternative for treatment of detergent waste, so that the levels of pollutants contained in the wastewater can be reduced and the treated wastewater can be discharged to the environment safely. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of voltage and contact time on the electrocoagulation process using aluminum electrodes in removing nutrients and other pollutants of detergent wastewater. The electrocoagulation process was carried out using aluminum electrodes. The detergent wastewater before and after treatments were characterized, and the effect of voltage and process duration on removal of pollutant levels in detergent waste was analyzed to determine the best operating condition of the treatment. The voltage of 15, 18, 21 and 24 volts were evaluated at various durations of electrocoagulation process. The results showed that the electrocoagulation process was able to reduce ammonium and phosphate and also color parameter, turbidity, TSS, MBAS and COD. The pH parameter values increased during the electrocoagulation process. The best combination of treatments was identified at 21 volts for 120 minutes, with an energy consumption of 0.084 kWh/liter and an estimated cost of only Rp 377/liter.
The potential usage of recycled waste water in small scale tapioca industry in Bogor
Authors: Adnan A A , Ismayana A , Sailah I , Shobi I , Indrasti N S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Small scale tapioca industry in Bogor uses simple technology and equipment with a production capacity around 5 tons per day. The tapioca industry uses large amount of water to process the raw materials and to produce a large amount of liquid waste. The tapioca production consists of various processes, such as washing, extraction and settling process which produce a lot of liquid waste. This liquid waste contributes to the environmental pollution because it contains a lot of organic materials. The wastewater of tapioca industry generally has a high BOD, COD and TSS materials. The objective of this research is to calculate the potential waste water recycling in small scale tapioca industries in Bogor. Recycling this waste water can be done in two ways such as onsite recovery (reuse of waste water in the same process) and reuse (waste water uses for other process). Small scale tapioca industry in Bogor has an average production of 2.5 tons per day and produces liquid waste of 5070 litres/ton cassava. The identified potential usage of recycling waste water is recycling waste water for other process such as washing, milling, settling process and the conversion of waste into valuable product such as methane as a fuel. With this waste water recycling process, the tapioca industry will have a benefit in form of cost saving, and environmental benefit.
Combination of analytical hierarchy processes with fuzzy c- means in selecting quality broiler chicken
Authors: Gustian D , Hasman D , Supardi D , Nurjanah S , Darmawan A , Suciati I , Hundayani R D 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
One of the key points in broiler chicken farming is in the initial process of selecting chicken seeds or known as DOC. The problem that emerged in the field is there are so many options of broiler breeds available from Breeding Farm, making it difficult for farmers and companies to choose the good quality broiler chickens. This research uses Analytical Hierarchy Combination Process for knowing which sequence is influenced on choosing process, in order to produce the good quality disease-free chicken seeds with standard variables; the highest weight is 0.207, followed by normal body 0.174 then weight according to the standard with a value of 0.172. Fuzzy C-Means is used for cluster processes in monitoring the quality levels of each chicken breeding process with results divided into 3 clusters. They are cluster 1 with as many as 410 breeders (96.70%), cluster 2 with 12 breeders (2.83%) and clusters 3 with 2 farmers (0.47%). With this method, companies can reduce losses caused by mistakes from these three parts and company profits increases.
Sustainable flexible flow shop scheduling optimization in flexible packaging industry using genetic algorithm
Authors: Marimin  , Farhan M N 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Flexible flow shop (FFS) scheduling optimization process has a high level of complexity and categorized as an NP-hard problem. X Co is a flexible packaging manufacturer that scheduled FFS manually with a low sustainability level. The objective of this research is to optimize FFS scheduling in X Co using Genetic Algorithm (GA) method to increase the sustainability level and measure its performance. The sustainability parameters contain three main aspects of sustainability. In this optimization process, makespan minimization used as the objective function, and elitism is applied in the GA method to make sure the makespan value is getting smaller in each generation. The result shows an increment of sustainability level in all parameters. Makespan value reduction by 135 hours, zero lateness, idle time reduction by 1755 (hour*machine), machine utility improvement by 5.58%, electricity consumption reduction by 23664 kWh which converted into a reduction of 16731 KgCO2e greenhouse gas, and also increase employee productivity as much as 0.066 jobs/shift. This research shows an optimal result with a higher level of sustainability in the implementation of optimization on FFS scheduling at X Co.
New product development in coconut-based agro-industry: current research progress and challenges
Authors: Wardah S , Djatna T , Marimin  , Yani M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The new product development of coconut agro-industry is very urgent because of the low innovation in launching new products. New products that are more effective and adaptive are needed to achieve higher market growth and acceptance of end-users to obtain competitive coconut agro-industry in the future. Based on this, this study aims to claim the current development of our research in new coconut-based product development and provide an initial approach to construct new products as a case study. The results show that the development of new products is divided into eight groups and the development of coconut derivatives in agro-industry is around eight percent. The low development of coconut derivatives in agro-industry results in a research challenge framework. Methods for developing new products in the coconut agroindustry include consumer preference to identify product opportunities including data mining techniques, investment feasibility study, and spatial data mining by taking analysis in multi-criteria decisions for compatibility of potential raw materials with products. The results of case studies show that alternative sequences of derivative products that are potentially developed in agro-industries are soap (H), itching medication (O), fungicide (D), sterilizing agent (L).
Profitability analysis of leather tanning industry with capital structure without interest using canvas financial management approach
Authors: Kurniawan A , Sukardi  , Indrasti N S , Suparno O 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
There were around 330 leather tanning industries in Garut in 2011. Currently, there are only 220 tanning industries left. Contrarily, in 2011 credit facility users from the tanneries were only 15% then increased to 95% in 2019. Loans with an interest system will incur new costs that can cause price increases or reduce incomes, this is what is thought to be the cause of the reduced number of the leather tanning industry. This study aims to calculate the impact of credit on the price and profitability of the leather tanning industry in Sukaregang, Garut. Capital structure is the ratio between external capital and internal capital. This study uses the Financial Management Canvas approach to overcome the analysis complexity because in general SMEs do not have adequate financial reports. The results showed that changes in the capital structure causes unbalanced in the income statement. An increase in product price is performed to obtain a balanced income statement. Another way is by reducing the profits to pay the loan interest. The existence of external funds in the form of loans with an interest system causes an increase in selling prices and or reduces profitability.
Screening the Quality of Coconut Oil Heated on Several Temperatures by Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Nasution I P M , Fahmy K , Andasuryani  , Syukri D , Nakano K , Immaizumi T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The objective of this study was to screen the quality marker of stored coconut oil on several temperatures. The method used in this researchis a degree date method with sample observations carried out regularly. Coconut oils were stored at 30°C, 40°C and 50°C. The quality of coconut oil after storage were determined with viscosity was measured by Capillary Viscometer SIBATA S0-6818 and carbonyl compounds analysis were analyzed using Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS). The results showed, viscosity decreased with increasing of temperature. The significant decreased in viscosity occurs at 50°C, which is 23,6138 mm2/s. Principle component analysis and discriminant analysis (PCA-DA) on compound carbonyl analysis showed the presence that formed at each temperature. A decreased in viscosity and the presence compounds are marker decline in the quality of coconut oil.
Study of Green Tea Catechin Dipped with Moringa Leaves
Authors: Budaraga I K , Putra D P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Green tea has been widely consumed by people in Asian countries since centuries ago. Green tea is a second drink that is often consumed by people in Japan and China after water. However, in Indonesia this green tea has just evolved a while ago. The development of green tea in Indonesia is also associated with health benefits. Green tea contains polyphenols components especially catechins. Most catechine content is found in green tea compared to black tea or oolong tea. The efficacy of green tea is thought to be nicer if there is the addition of kelor leaves. But until now there has been no assessment of the problem. The purpose of this research is to know the content of green tea catechins on drying and the addition of different kelor leaves. The research was conducted in laboratory instrumentation Faculty of Agricultural Technology of Andalas University in May-June 2019. The study was conducted using exploratory methods comparing the content of catechins to green tea on drying and percentage of of different kelor leaves. Drying is done at room temperature and sun temperature. Percentage of the addition of the leaves are 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 percent. The raw materials of tea leaves are purchased at PT Mitra Kerinci Solok Selatan and Kelor leaves obtained in Padang city. The results showed the content of catechins in green tea bags by drying the room temperature on the addition of the kelor leaves as much as 10% showed the highest catechin rate of 22.85% while on drying the sun with the addition of kelor leaves Shows the content of catechins 16.33%.