bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity for Bone Health: How Much and/or How Hard?
Authors: ROWLANDS ALEX V. , EDWARDSON CHARLOTTE L. , DAWKINS NATHAN P. , MAYLOR BEN D. , METCALF KRISTEN M. , JANZ KATHLEEN F. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT

Purpose
High-impact physical activity is associated with bone health, but higher volumes of lower-intensity activity may also be important. The aims of this study were to: 1) investigate the relative importance of volume and intensity of physical activity accumulated during late adolescence for bone health at age 23 yr; and 2) illustrate interpretation of the results.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of data from the Iowa Bone Development Study, a longitudinal study of bone health from childhood through to young adulthood. The volume (average acceleration) and intensity distribution (intensity gradient) of activity at age 17, 19, 21, and 23 yr were calculated from raw acceleration ActiGraph data and averaged across ages. Hip areal bone mineral density (aBMD), total body bone mineral content (BMC), spine aBMD, and hip structural geometry (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, Hologic QDR4500A) were assessed at age 23 yr. Valid data, available for 220 participants (124 girls), were analyzed with multiple regression. To elucidate significant effects, we predicted bone outcomes when activity volume and intensity were high (+1SD), medium (mean), and low (−1SD).

Results
There were additive associations of volume and intensity with hip aBMD and total body BMC (low-intensity/low-volume cf. high-intensity/high-volume = ∆0.082 g·cm−2 and ∆169.8 g, respectively). For males only, spine aBMD intensity was associated independently of volume (low-intensity cf. high-intensity = ∆0.049 g·cm−2). For hip structural geometry, volume was associated independently of intensity (low-volume cf. high-volume = ∆4.8–6.6%).

Conclusions
The activity profile associated with optimal bone outcomes was high in intensity and volume. The variation in bone health across the activity volume and intensity distribution suggests intensity is key for aBMD and BMC, whereas high volumes of lower intensity activity may be beneficial for hip structural geometry.
Chest CT-based differential diagnosis of 28 patients with suspected corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Xie Sidong , Lei Ziying , Chen Xiuzhen , Liu Weimin , Wang Xiaohong , Dong Yunxu , Guo Yuefei , Duan Yani , Cao Huijuan , Qin Jie , Lin Bingliang 
Published: May 2020

Objectives:
The chest CT findings that can distinguish patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from those with clinically suspected COVID-19 but subsequently found to be COVID-19 negative have not previously been described in detail. The purpose of this study was to determine the distinctions among patients with COVID-19 by comparing the imaging findings of patients with suspected confirmed COVID-19 and those of patients initially suspected to have COVID-19 who were ultimately negative for the disease.

Methods:
28 isolated suspected in-patients with COVID-19 were enrolled in this retrospective study from January 22, 2020 to February 6, 2020. 12 patients were confirmed to have positive severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA results, and 16 patients had negative results. The thin-section CT imaging findings and clinical and laboratory data of all the patients were evaluated.

Results:
There were no significant differences between the 12 confirmed COVID-19 (SARS-Cov-2-positive) patients and 16 SARS-CoV-2-negative patients in epidemiology and most of the clinical features or laboratory data. The CT images showed that the incidence of pure/mixed ground-glass opacities (GGOs) was not different between COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2-negative patients [9/12 (75.0%) vs 10/16 (62.5%), p = 0.687], but pure/mixed GGOs in the peripheral were more common in patients with COVID-19 [11/12 (91.7%) vs 6/16 (37.5%), p = 0.006]. There were no significant differences in the number of lesions, bilateral lung involvement, large irregular/patchy opacities, rounded opacities, linear opacities, crazy-paving patterns, halo signs, interlobular septal thickening or air bronchograms.

Conclusions:
Although peripheral pure/mixed GGOs on CT may help distinguish patients with COVID-19 from clinically suspected but negative patients, CT cannot replace RT-PCR testing.

Advances in knowledge:
Peripheral pure/mixed GGOs on-chest CT findings can be helpful in distinguishing patients with COVID-19 from those with clinically suspected COVID-19 but subsequently found to be COVID-19 negative.
Association between categorization of emotionally-charged and neutral visual scenes and parameters of event-related potentials in carriers of COMT, HTR2A, BDNF gene polymorphisms
Authors: Vorobyeva Elena V. , Ermakov Pavel N. , Borokhovski Evgenij F. , Kovsh Ekaterina M. , Stoletniy Alexander S. 
Published: May 2020

Background: This study aimed to discover the association between parameters of event-related potentials (ERPs) and categorization of images of visual scenes, both emotionally-charged and neutral, in carriers of polymorphisms of the COMT, HTR2A, BDNF genes. Methods: Electroencephalogram (EEG) and ERPs were recorded at 128 leads, with two ear referents. Images of different visual scenes were presented to the study participants sequentially on a monitor screen. The participants’ task was to examine these images and indicate what emotions (negative, neutral or positive) they elicit. Comparison of event-related potentials was carried out using unpaired Student t-test in EEGLAB toolbox. Results: COMT. A stronger reaction, as reflected in the amplitude of the ERPs, in participants with the recessive homozygous Met/Met genotype was observed on latency around 200 ms to the stimuli, assessed as positive. Carriers of dominant homozygous Val/Val genotype had higher amplitude of 200 ms peak when assessed scene images as either neutral or negative in comparison to other genotypes. Participant with the Val/Met heterozygous genotype had higher amplitude of ERP that Met/Met group on same latency when assessed stimuli as negative. HTR2A. Significant increase in negativity in the parietal-occipital regions revealed in the range of 350-420 ms in participants with the recessive homozygous A/A genotype when choosing any type of assessment, compared to carriers of the heterozygous genotype A/G and the dominant homozygous G/G genotype. BDNF. Participants with Val/Val genotype categorized the visual images more thoroughly, as reflected in greater activation of the parietal-occipital zones and higher amplitude on ERP peak on 190 ms (negative assessment) and 160 ms (neutral assessment) then Val/Met carriers. Conclusions: The COMT, HTR2A, BDNF gene polymorphisms are associated with the process of categorizing emotionally charged and neutral visual scenes, and this relationship is reflected in the ERP parameters.
Gut and intestinal biometrics of the giant trevally, Caranx ignobilis, fed an experimental diet with difference sources of activated charcoal
Authors: Firdus Firdus , Samadi Samadi , Muhammadar Abdullah A. , Sarong Muhammad A. , Muchlisin Zainal A. , Sari Widya , Batubara Agung S. 
Published: May 2020

Background:The giant trevally,Caranx ignobilis, is a commercially important marine fish in Indonesia. This species was initially cultured in Aceh Province. Previous reports showed that charcoal has a positive effect on survival and feed utilization of the giant trevally. However, the effects of adding charcoal to the diet on gut and intestine biometrics has, to our knowledge, never been described.Methods:Four activated charcoal sources were tested in this study using a completely randomized experimental design; coconut shell charcoal, mangrove wood charcoal, rice husk charcoal, and kernel palm shell charcoal. All treatments were performed with four replications. Juvenile giant trevally (average body weight, 16.52 ± 3.12 g; and average total length, 10.26 ± 0.64 cm) were stocked into the experimental tank at a density of 15 fish per tank. The fish were fed an experimental diet twice daily at 7 AM and 5 PMad satiationfor 42 days.Results:Analysis of variance showed that adding charcoal to the diet had significant effects on the length and width of the foveola gastrica and villous intestine (P < 0.05). The greatest length and width of the foveola gastrica was recorded in fish fed an experimental diet of rice husk charcoal with average values of 311.811 ± 9.869 µm and 241.786 ± 10.394 µm, respectively. The greatest length of intestinal villous was found in fish fed the mangrove wood charcoal diet, with a value of 135.012 ± 5.147 µm, but this length was not significantly different to that in fish fed rice charcoal and kernel palm shell charcoal. However, the greatest width of intestinal villous was recorded in fish fed the control diet (without charcoal; P < 0.05).Conclusion:The optimal sizes of the foveola gastrica and villous intestine were found in fish fed an experimental diet with rice husk charcoal.
The Emerging Adults Gambling Survey: study protocol
Authors: Wardle Heather 
Published: May 2020

The Emerging Adults Gambling Survey is a longitudinal survey of young adults aged 16-24 living in Great Britain. It aims to explore a range of gambling behaviours and harms among young adults and examine how this changes over time. It is part of a broader project funded by Wellcome into the gambling behaviours of young people and its relationship with technological change. Funding is currently available for two waves of data collection: the first collected in June/August 2019 (n=3549) and the second to be collected in June/August 2020. The second wave of data collection will also obtain information about the immediate impact of coronavirus on gambling behaviours. With a sample size of 3549 for Wave 1, this is one of the largest study of gambling behaviours among young adults to be conducted in Great Britain and is a resource for other researchers to draw on. Data will be deposited in the UK Data Archive upon completion of Wave 2 data collection and analysis. This protocol is intended to support other researchers to use this resource by setting out the study design and methods.
Diabetic foot as a complication of diabetes
Authors: Ręba Patrycja 
Published: May 2020

AdmissionDiabetic foot is a chronic complication of diabetes. Is a shallow or deep skin ulcer. It can occur with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetic foot can appear in anyone with diabetes. This condition is associated with all kinds of complications or pathological changes that are a direct result of diabetes. Patients also complain of ulcers, infections and neurogenic arthropathy also known as Charcot's joints. Aim The aim of the study is to analyze the diabetic foot as a complication of diabetes.Material and method Review of available literature on the subject.ResultsAlong with the diagnosis of diabetic foot, doctors classify the disease according to the Wagner classification, i.e. a 6-point scale. The division of the diabetic foot syndrome takes into account the assessment of blood supply, the size and penetration of the ulcer, as well as the severity of the infection and the occurrence of diabetic neuropathy. The first grade of diabetic foot syndrome is free of signs and symptoms of infection, as there is no infection. In the second degree, the infection is local and covers only the skin and subcutaneous tissue, without involvement of deeper tissues and without systemic symptoms. In the third degree of diabetic foot syndrome, a local infection is present without involvement of deeper tissues with erythema over 2 cm in diameter.fascia. The fourth degree of diabetic foot syndrome is characterizedsevere infection, including local lesions in combination with systemic symptoms.ConclusionsDiabetic foot is treated primarily by leveling diabetes and maintaining normal glycemia. In the case of large ulcers, a visit to a surgeon will be required who will develop the ulcer and recommend further action. Also, if you get an infection you will need to take by mouthantibiotic therapy or appropriate topical preparations. Diabetic foot syndrome is just one of many complications of untreated diabetes that can lead to disability or even premature death. This should be a cautionary tale for people who disregard the need for systematic blood glucose control.
Development of a stabilized Fabry–Perot etalonbased calibrator for Hanle echelle spectrograph
Authors: Das Tanya , Banyal Ravinder K. , Sivarani T. , Ravindra B. 
Published: May 2020

Accurate wavelength calibration is an important factor for any measurement with high-resolution spectrographs. The stellar spectrum comprises discrete absorption or emission lines whose position is precisely determined by calibrating the spectrograph using known reference lines generated from laboratory sources. For the spectrograph to measure small variations in Doppler shift, the wavelength calibration must be sufficiently stable during observation time. Instrument instability, mainly due to environmental factors like temperature and pressure variations and limitations of traditional calibration methods, for example, Th–Ar lamps, is the main challenge with high-precision spectroscopy. Through proper environmental control, by maintaining pressure at few mbar and temperature fluctuations within

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0.05
∘

C

, Fabry–Perot etalon (FP) can yield a velocity precision of 1–10 m/s when used for wavelength calibration. We have developed a passively stabilized FP-based wavelength calibrator for a Hanle echelle spectrograph (HESP) installed on the Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT) at Indian Astronomical Observatory (IAO), Hanle, India. The etalon has been characterized using a Fourier transform spectrograph (FTS), and initial test runs have been performed with HESP. In this paper, we present the design and construction of the instrument along with preliminary test results obtained from HESP.
High-precision miniaturized low-cost reflective grating laser encoder with nanometric accuracy
Authors: Goudarzi Khouygani Mohammad Hossein , Jeng Jeng-Ywan 
Published: May 2020

This paper presents a novel optical encoder, M-encoder, which can be used within high-precision metrology systems based on the technology of customized prism and homodyne detection. The M-encoder is an exposed encoder measuring reflective glass and metal scale, which is targeting the biggest area of the encoder market, 20 µm pitch, and has a resolution under 100 nm. The error of 23 nm for 100 mm traveling distance has been measured. The applied technology has successfully improved alignment tolerances, in which the tolerance of installation achieved to

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, and

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1
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for pitch, yaw, and roll angle, respectively. The accuracy of results has been verified by comparing them with one of the commercial encoders and also by using an HP interferometer. The results show the resolution and accuracy can be compatible with the market products. In addition, a new method of grating calibration has been described based on the Littrow configuration, and the pitch of the fabricated scale by a femtosecond laser has been measured with the accuracy of 2 nm.
IT-Integration in Zeiten von Digitalisierung – (k)ein alter Hut?
Authors: Huber Melanie , Rentrop Christopher , Zimmermann Stephan 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDurch die zunehmende Vernetzung und den Anstieg von eingesetzter Hard- und Software hat sich die Komplexität der Unternehmensarchitektur von Unternehmen über die Jahre stetig erhöht. Das Aufkommen nutzerfreundlicher Informationstechnologie (IT)-Lösungen befähigt außerdem Fachbereiche, IT innovativ einzusetzen. Dies erhöht die Heterogenität und damit nochmals die Komplexität der Unternehmensarchitektur. Darüber hinaus treibt dieser IT-Einsatz die Digitalisierung in den Unternehmen maßgeblich voran. Dies wirft die Frage auf, ob Unternehmen überhaupt noch eine Relevanz in der Reduktion der Komplexität durch IT-Integration sehen oder ob dies vor dem Hintergrund der Digitalisierung schon ein alter Hut ist. Experteninterviews und eine qualitative Datenanalyse zeigen, dass IT-Integration und Digitalisierung keine disjunkten Phänomene sind, sondern sich gegenseitig beeinflussen. Die Ergebnisse betonen, wie unterschiedlich der Begriff aufgefasst werden kann und dass die einheitliche Nutzung damit essenziell ist. Darüber hinaus zeigen sie, dass Digitalisierung einerseits Treiber der IT-Integration ist, andererseits aber auch die Möglichkeiten zur Umsetzung verändert. Dabei ist die Integrationsentscheidung durch die Vielzahl an Vor- und Nachteile komplex. Fachbereichs-IT ist selten explizites Ziel von IT-Integrationsprojekten. Der Beitrag zeigt den wissenschaftlichen Forschungsbedarf in neuen technologischen Möglichkeiten zur IT-Integration und in der Balance von Flexibilität und IT-Integration in der Unternehmensarchitektur. Er beleuchtet, dass eine gemeinsame Sprache die Basis für IT-Integrationsprojekte ist und dass eine Kultur, in der Fachbereiche aktiv an IT-Integrationsentscheidungen teilhaben, das Ziel eines jeden Unternehmens sein sollte. Insgesamt zeigen die Analysen, dass IT-Integration noch lange kein alter Hut, sondern, im Gegenteil, brandaktuell ist.
Fecal Bile Acid Testing in Assessing Patients With Chronic Unexplained Diarrhea: Implications for Healthcare Utilization
Authors: Vijayvargiya Priya , Gonzalez Izundegui Daniel , Calderon Gerardo , Tawfic Sarah , Batbold Sarah , Camilleri Michael 
Published: May 2020

INTRODUCTION:
Bile acid (BA) diarrhea is the cause in ∼26% of chronic unexplained (nonbloody) diarrhea (CUD) based on 75SeHCAT testing. To assess fecal BA excretion and healthcare utilization in patients with CUD.

METHODS:
In a retrospective review of 1,071 consecutive patients with CUD who completed 48-hour fecal BA testing, we analyzed the symptoms, diagnostic tests performed, and final diagnoses.

RESULTS:
After 135 patients were excluded because of mucosal diseases, increased BA excretion was identified in 476 (51%) of the 936 patients with CUD: 29% with selective increase in primary BA and 22% with increased total BA excretion (35% with normal primary BA excretion). There were no differences in demographics, clinical symptoms, or history of cholecystectomy in patients with elevated total or selective primary fecal BA excretion compared with patients with normal excretion. Before the 48-hour fecal BA excretion test was performed, patients completed on average 1.2 transaxial imaging, 2.6 endoscopic procedures, and 1.6 miscellaneous tests/person. Less than 10% of these tests identified the etiology of CUD. Total fecal BAs >3,033 µmol/48 hour or primary BAs >25% had a 93% negative predictive value to exclude mucosal disease. Among patients with increased fecal BA excretion, >70% reported diarrhea improved with BA sequestrant compared with 26% with normal fecal BA excretion. Patients with selective elevation in primary fecal BAs were 3.1 times (95% confidence interval, 1.5–6.63) more likely to respond to BA sequestrant therapy compared with those with elevated total fecal BAs.

DISCUSSION:
Increased fecal BA excretion is frequent (51%) in patients with CUD. Early 48-hour fecal BA evaluation has the potential to decrease healthcare utilization in CUD.
Selection of Bali cattle based on birth weight and calving interval records at West Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia
Authors: Said S. , Putra W. P. B. , Muzawar M. , Kantong S. A. 
Published: May 2020

Birth weight and calving interval are included of productivity traits that can be increased by selection program. However, the standard of desirable birth weight in cattle during the selection program is important to prevent dystocia incident risk. This study was aimed to select Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) based on Estimated Breeding Value of birth weight (EBVBW) and Most Probable Producing Ability of birth weight (MPPABW) and calving interval (MPPACI). Total of 758 records data of BW were collected from Lombok and Sumbawa islands, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Research showed the average of BW in Bali calves were 15.69±1.70 kg (Lombok) and 13.49±1.89 (Sumbawa). The average of CI in Bali cows at both islands were about 385 days. In addition, the heritability (h2) values of BW in both islands was about 0.90. The repeatability (r) values of BW in both islands were about 0.30. Meanwhile, the r value of CI in Sumbawa island was 0.39. The highest of EBVBW for sire was +4.25 kg by bull’s ID: 0838 (Sumbawa). Meanwhile, the highest of EBVBW for calves was +6.07 kg by calf’s ID: 0917 (Sumbawa). The highest of MPPABW was +2.67 kg by cow’s ID: 0872 (Sumbawa). The lowest of MPPACI was -25.70 days by cow’s ID: 02076 (Lombok).
The ammoniation of total mixed fiber with mineral organic supplementation in ration to increase beef cattle production
Authors: Imsya A. , Windusari Y. , Riswandi R. 
Published: May 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of organic minerals and total mixed fiber ammoniation (TMFA) as basal feed on the performance of beef cattle. This study used the In Vivo technique and the experimental method using t-test. The t-test compares the best supplementation result on in vitro research and control treatment, each treatment got6 replications. The treatments tested were P1: 60% TMF ammoniation + 15% swamp legume without supplementation of organic minerals P2: 60% TMF ammoniation + 1.5 x Organic macrominerals (Ca, P, and S) NRC (2000) + 15% Swamp Legumes. The parameters measured in the in-vivo technique were nutrient digestibility consisting of dry and organic matters, crude protein, crude fiber, NDF, and ADF. The animal performance: ration and dry matter consumption, body weight gain and ration efficiency. The results showed that supplementation of minerals in rations with TMFA as basal feed had a significant effect (P<0.05) on nutrient digestibility (dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber, NDF, and ADF) and animal performance. The conclusion of this study was supplementation of organic macrominerals 1.5 x (Ca, P, and S) NRC (2000) in a ration with TMF ammoniation as basal feed can improve the beef cattle performance.
On a comparison principle for Trudinger’s equation
Authors: Lindgren Erik , Lindqvist Peter 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We study the comparison principle for non-negative solutions of the equation

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\frac{\partial(|v|^{p-2}v)}{\partial t}=\operatorname{div}(|\nabla v|^{p-2}%
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This equation is related to extremals of Poincaré inequalities in Sobolev spaces. We apply our result to obtain pointwise control of the large time behavior of solutions.
Moral Education and Transcendental Idealism
Authors: Saunders Joe , Sticker Martin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we draw attention to several important tensions between Kant’s account of moral education and his commitment to transcendental idealism. Our main claim is that, in locating freedom outside of space and time, transcendental idealism makes it difficult for Kant to both provide an explanation of how moral education occurs, but also to confirm that his own account actually works. Having laid out these problems, we then offer a response on Kant’s behalf. We argue that, while it might look like Kant has to abandon his commitment to either moral education or transcendental idealism, there is a way in which he can maintain both.