bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Health in Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the Danish National Birth Cohort
Authors: Nøhr Ellen A , Nielsen Jan , Nørgård Bente M , Friedman Sonia 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Previous studies indicate an increased risk of sexual dysfunction in women with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] but none have examined sexual function in a large population-based cohort.

Methods
To investigate the risk of sexual dysfunction in women with IBD, we used data from the Danish National Birth Cohort, a nationwide study of 92 274 pregnant women recruited during 1996–2002. We performed a cross-sectional study based on mothers who participated in the Maternal Follow-up in 2013–14. The outcome was self-reported sexual health. Information regarding demographics and IBD characteristics was retrieved from the Danish National Patient Register. Using regression models and adjusting for important confounders, we compared sexual function in women with and without IBD.

Results
The study population consisted of 38 011 women including 196 [0.5%] with Crohn’s disease [CD] and 409 [1.1%] with ulcerative colitis [UC]. Median age was 44 years. Compared to women without IBD, women with UC did not have significantly decreased sexual function, while women with CD had more difficulty achieving orgasm (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–2.30], increased dyspareunia [aOR 1.71; 95% CI 1.11–2.63] and deep dyspareunia [aOR 2.00; 95% CI 1.24–3.22]. The risk for difficulty achieving orgasm and deep dyspareunia was further increased within 2 years of an IBD-related contact/visit [aOR 1.81; 95% CI 1.11–2.95; and aOR 2.37; 95% CI 1.34–4.19].

Conclusions
Women with CD have significantly increased difficulty achieving orgasm and increased dyspareunia. Physicians should be cognizant of and screen for sexual dysfunction in this group of patients.
Orthotopic foetal lung tissue direct injection into lung showed a preventive effect against paraquat-induced acute lung injury in mice
Authors: Okabe Ryo , Chen-Yoshikawa Toyofumi F , Yoshizawa Akihiko , Hirashima Tsuyoshi , Saito Masao , Date Hiroshi , Takebe Takanori 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Lung transplantation is the only effective therapy for patients with end-stage lung disease but an organ shortage crisis necessitates the development of alternative therapies. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of foetal tissue transplantation to facilitate the regeneration of vital organs such as liver that have been damaged by lethal diseases. Herein, with the aim of restoring pulmonary function, we hypothesized that allogenic foetal lung tissue implantation would attenuate severe respiratory failure.

METHODS
Lung tissue from the foetuses of pregnant green fluorescent protein-C57BL/6 mice at 13.5 days of gestation was injected into the left lungs of recipient mice. Severe lung injury was induced by paraquat, and we analysed the survival rate and pathohistological findings after 1 month.

RESULTS
The survival rate of the therapy group was 39%, which was significantly higher than the vehicle group at 5.9% (P = 0.034). Immunochemical staining showed that positive cytoplasmic stained cells with anti-interleukin-10 antibody were identified in the gland-like structure of embryonic day 13.5 foetal lung. At 4 weeks after orthotopic implantation, haematoxylin and eosin staining showed reduced lung inflammatory cells, reduced lung oedema and increased active cell proliferation of foetal lung cells. Lung injury score showed that the airway septal thickening revealed statistically significant differences between vehicle and foetal lung therapy (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Immature foetal lungs improved the survival rate of mice with paraquat-induced severe lung injury, establishing the need for systematic follow-up studies. The anti-inflammatory cytokine in the tissue from embryonic day 13.5 foetal lung might suppress severe lung injury.
Spatio-temporal formation of biofilms and extracellular matrix analysis inAzospirillum brasilense
Authors: Viruega-Góngora Víctor I , Acatitla-Jácome Iris S , Reyes-Carmona Sandra R , Baca Beatriz E , Ramírez-Mata Alberto 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTElucidation of biofilm structure formation in the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Azospirillum brasilense is necessary to gain a better understanding of the growth of cells within the extracellular matrix and its role in the colonization of plants of agronomic importance. We used immunofluorescence microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy to study spatio-temporal biofilm formation on an abiotic surface. Observations facilitated by fluorescence microscopy revealed the presence of polar flagellin, exopolysaccharides, outer major membrane protein (OmaA) and extracellular DNA in the Azospirillum biofilm matrix. In static culture conditions, the polar flagellum disaggregated after 3 days of biofilm growth, but exopolysaccharides were increasing. These findings suggest that the first step in biofilm formation may be attachment, in which the bacterium first makes contact with a surface through its polar flagellum. After attaching to the surface, the long flagella and OmaA intertwine the cells to form a network. These bacterial aggregates initiate biofilm development. The underlying mechanisms dictating how the biofilm matrix components of A. brasilense direct the overall morphology of the biofilm are not well known. The methods developed here might be useful in further studies that analyze the differential spatial regulation of genes encoding matrix components that drive biofilm construction.
Mind-Wandering Across the Age Gap: Age-Related Differences in Mind-Wandering Are Partially Attributable to Age-Related Differences in Motivation
Authors: Seli Paul , O’Neill Kevin , Carriere Jonathan S A , Smilek Daniel , Beaty Roger E , Schacter Daniel L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Objectives
A common finding in the mind-wandering literature is that older adults (OAs) tend to mind-wander less frequently than young adults (YAs). Here, we sought to determine whether this age-related difference in mind-wandering is attributable to age-related differences in motivation.

Method
YAs and OAs completed an attention task during which they responded to thought probes that assessed rates of mind-wandering, and they provided self-reports of task-based motivation before and after completion of the attention task.

Results
Age-related differences in mind-wandering are partially explained by differences in motivation, and motivating YAs via incentive diminishes mind-wandering differences across these groups.

Discussion
We consider these results in the context of theories on age-related differences in mind wandering, with a specific focus on their relevance to the recently proposed motivational account of such age-related differences.
Sea ice, temperature, and prey effects on annual variations in mean lengths of a key Arctic fish, Boreogadus saida, in the Barents Sea
Authors: Dupont Nicolas , Durant Joël M , Langangen Øystein , Gjøsæter Harald , Stige Leif Christian 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Oceanographic conditions in the Arctic are changing, with sea ice cover decreasing and sea temperatures increasing. Our understanding of the effects on marine populations in the area is, however, limited. Here, we focus on the Barents Sea stock of polar cod (Boreogadus saida). Polar cod is a key fish species for the transfer of energy from zooplankton to higher trophic levels in the Arctic food web. We analyse the relationships between 30-year data series on the length-at-age of polar cod cohorts (ages 0–4) and sea surface temperature, sea ice concentration, prey biomasses, predator indices, and length-at-age the previous year using multiple linear regression. Results for several ages showed that high length-at-age is significantly associated with low sea ice concentration and high length-at-age the previous year. Only length-at-age for age 1 shows a positive significant relationship with prey biomass. Our results suggest that retreating sea ice has positive effects on the growth of polar cod in the Barents Sea despite previous observations of a stagnating stock biomass and decreasing stock abundance. Our results contribute to identifying mechanisms by which climate variability affects the polar cod population, with implications for our understanding of how future climate change may affect Arctic ecosystems.
Poetry, Irrevocable Time and Myanmar’s Political Transition
Authors: Renshaw Catherine 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT∞
This article is concerned with the response of Myanmar’s early contemporary poets to the experience of dictatorship and oppression, and the response of more recent poets to the uncertainty that followed political transition in 2010. The article argues that aesthetic differences in the styles of poetry that emerged during different periods reflect different understandings about temporality and the corresponding possibilities for claims of justice. The article suggests that the earlier poems, written during the period of military rule, represent what the philosopher Vladimir Jankélévitch calls ‘irreversible time.’ Later poems, written after the period of dictatorship, reflect an aesthetic of ‘irrevocable time.’ The article explains that we are yet to see, in Myanmar, the emergence of poetics representing time’s third domain: imprescriptible time (the time of jurisdiction, redress for crimes against humanity and the claims of justice).
Analysis of a two-dimensional stair-case warranty policy with preventive maintenance
Authors: Wang Jinting , Zhu Sheng , Du Simiao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We develop a mathematical model to study optimal preventive maintenance (PM) strategy under a two-dimensional stair-case warranty policy considering both age and usage of a product. During the warranty term, sellers implement preventive maintenance within the stair-case region of the warranty policy and upon failure a product is repaired minimally and immediately. Our objective is to find the optimal PM strategy that minimizes the seller’s cost of warranty while jointly considering the age and usage intervals of the PM policy and the level of PM executed. We also discuss how our results compare to those in a two-dimensional warranty policy with a rectangular region, and we find that the stair-case policy is preferable for sellers. An algorithm is provided to find the optimal solution and a numerical example is presented to illustrate how to find an optimal strategy with our proposed method. We show numerically that the expected total warranty cost is convex both in the age and the usage of the product under certain conditions.
Bounds for the Number of Cohomological Automorphic Representations of GL3/ℚ in the Weight Aspect
Authors: Marshall Simon 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
We prove a power saving over the trivial bound for the number of cohomological cuspidal automorphic representations of fixed level and growing weight on $GL_3/{\mathbb{Q}}$ by adapting the methods of our earlier paper on $GL_2$.
Extraction of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni from Margarine Samples Using Extraction Induced by Emulsion Breaking Procedure Prior to Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Comparison of Results to Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake Values
Authors: Bakircioglu Kurtulus Yasemin , Bakircioglu Dilek , Babac Alper Can , Yurtsever Selcuk , Topraksever Nukte 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
The emulsion induced by emulsion breaking (EIEB) procedure was previously reported for the extraction of copper, iron, manganese, and nickel from liquid oil samples such as vegetable oil.

Objective
To optimize the EIEB procedure for determination of copper, iron, manganese, and nickel in solid oil (margarine) samples by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS).

Methods
The extraction procedure uses a surfactant in nitric acid to form an emulsion followed by heating to break the emulsion. Optimization included variation of the test portion size, the type and concentration of the surfactant, the concentration of nitric acid in the aqueous solution, the emulsion agitation time, heating temperature, and the time required to break the emulsion.

Results
Mean element concentrations of 11 margarine samples were in the following ranges: Cu 0.031–0.131 µg/g, Fe 5.7–24.9 µg/g, Mn 0.542–1.11 µg/g, and Ni 0.108–0.134 µg/g. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the detection limits (µg/kg) were 4.8, 13, 1.5, and 23 for Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni, respectively. The accuracy of the extraction procedure was determined by comparison to commonly used microwave digestion procedure. The EIEB results were not statistically different from the microwave digestion results when analyzed by GFAAS as determined by the statistical tests.

Conclusions
The EIEB procedure was shown to be equivalent to the commonly used microwave digestion procedure for extraction of analytes from margarine samples.

Highlights
The optimized EIEB extraction procedure is simple, rapid, low cost, and environmentally friendly. It has improved detection limits and allows calibration with aqueous standards.
Fecal Calprotectin, CRP and Leucocytes in IBD Patients: Comparison of Biomarkers With Biopsy Results
Authors: Kyle Barry D , Agbor Terence A , Sharif Shajib , Chauhan Usha , Marshall John , Halder Smita L S , Ip Stephen , Khan Waliul I 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to compare fecal calprotectin (FC) levels with other commonly used parameters as part of patient care during evaluation for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods
We recruited adult IBD patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) and compared the results of the patient’s biopsy results (i.e., inflamed versus noninflamed) for six sites (i.e., ileum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum) with concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), total leucocytes and fecal calprotectin (FC).

Results
We found that FC was significantly elevated in a concentration-dependent manner that correlated with the number of active inflammation sites reported in biopsy. Although CRP and leucocyte measurements trended upwards in line with inflammation reported from biopsy, the results were highly variable and highlighted poor reliability of these biomarkers for indicating IBD inflammation.

Conclusions
These results strongly suggest that FC correlates best with biopsy reports and is a superior marker than CRP and leucocytes.
Krishnamon, a new genus for the cavernicolous crab Telphusa austeniana Wood-Mason, 1871 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae) from Meghalaya state, northeastern India
Authors: Pati Sameer K , Yeo Darren C J , Ng Peter K L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Telphusa austeniana Wood-Mason, 1871 is a poorly known potamid crab described from a single female specimen from Meghalaya state, northeastern India, and its position in Tiwaripotamon Bott, 1970 has been questioned. Its systematic position is now clarified based on the examination of the female holotype and a male specimen recently collected from a cave near the type locality. The species is transferred from Tiwaripotamon to a new genus, Krishnamongen. nov. on the basis of the differences in the structures of the epigastric cristae, male pleon, male sixth pleonal somite, male telson, gonopods, and vulvae. The geographic distributions of the two genera are some 1,000 km apart. The new genus has affinities with Doimon Yeo & Ng, 2007, and Indochinamon Yeo & Ng, 2007, but can be distinguished mainly by its extremely slender and elongated ambulatory legs. While Krishnamon austenianum (Wood-Mason, 1871) comb. nov. is now recorded from limestone caves, it does not, however, possess the troglomorphic features of an obligate troglobite.
The family Anchistioididae Borradaile, 1915 (Decapoda: Caridea) is a synonym of Palaemonidae Rafinesque, 1815 based on molecular and morphological evidence
Authors: Chow Lai Him , De Grave Sammy , Tsang Ling Ming 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSeveral systematic revisions of the superfamily Palaemonoidea Rafinesque, 1815 (Natantia) have been published, with molecular studies complementing morphological examination. Yet, the true systematic positions of two families within the superfamily have remained uncertain, one of these being Anchistioididae Borradaile, 1915, the second being Desmocarididae Borradaile, 1915. We constructed a further phylogeny of Palaemonoidea based on two mitochondrial and five nuclear markers to resolve this issue. AnchistioidesPaulson, 1875 (the sole genus of Anchistioididae) is recovered nested within Palaemonidae Rafinesque, 1815, calling into question the validity of Anchistioididae as a distinct family. We also review the morphological characters that have been used to support family level status of Anchistioides including mouthparts adaptations, telson ornamentation, larval morphology, the presence of an appendix interna on the first pleopod in both sexes, and the mandible with a distally flared molar process. Although the latter two characters appear to be synapomorphic to the genus, we contend that these are ambiguous and not well founded to support the family-level status of the genus. As a consequence, and supported by the phylogenetic results, Anchistioididae is herein considered to be a synonym of Palaemonidae.
Combatting Human Trafficking Holistically through Proactive Financial Investigations
Authors: Coster van Voorhout Jill E B 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Human trafficking — a crime with enormous human cost — is mostly money-driven. By focusing on its financial aspects, this article argues that enhancing financial investigations by making them proactive is crucial to combat this low-risk and high-profit offence holistically. By providing insight into research carried out as of 2015 in the framework of an anti-human trafficking public–private financial partnership in the Netherlands, this article indicates some concrete improvement in detecting potential victims in bank records, thereupon following financial flows, and ultimately discerning the structures, networks, interactions and patterns of this offence. While these findings specifically relate to the Dutch context, this contribution sets out actionable ways forward for other states as well. After detailing how to approach hard, soft and open source data, this article also explains how to improve international cooperation throughout the entire chain, from banks to financial intelligence units and law enforcement. Such enhancements are urgently needed if we are to live up to the international community’s pledge under three Sustainable Development Goals to combat human trafficking, so as to leave no one behind in our global economy.
Ambient Ultraviolet Radiation and Sebaceous Carcinoma Incidence in the United States, 2000–2016
Authors: Sargen Michael R , Mai Zhi-Ming , Engels Eric A , Goldstein Alisa M , Tucker Margaret A , Pfeiffer Ruth M , Cahoon Elizabeth K 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is an aggressive skin tumor. Although ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an important risk factor for some skin cancer types, no population-level study has evaluated for an association between UVR and SC risk. Herein, we examined satellite-based ambient UVR in relation to SC incidence using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 cancer registry data (2000–2016). There were 3503 microscopically confirmed cases of SC diagnosed during the study period. For non-Hispanic whites, there was an association between increasing ambient UVR and SC risk (incidence rate ratio [per UVR quartile] = 1.15, 95% confidence interval = 1.11 to 1.19; two-sided P &lt; .001) including among individuals with and without putative Muir-Torre syndrome. In contrast, there was no association between ambient UVR and SC risk for other race and ethnicities. Our findings support a role for UVR in SC tumorigenesis, which suggests that photoprotection may reduce SC risk, particularly for high-risk populations (eg, Muir-Torre syndrome).
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Utilization in the Pediatric Drowning Population
Authors: Moffett Brady S , Lee Soyoon , Woodend Kristen , Sigdel Binayak , Dutta Ankhi 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Management of pediatric drowning often includes evaluation and treatment of infectious disease. There are few data describing the infections associated with pediatric drowning.

Methods
A descriptive retrospective study was designed, and patients aged &lt; 19 years admitted for &gt; 24 hours to our institution after a drowning were included from January 2011 through June 30, 2017. Data collection included patient demographics, submersion injury details, resuscitation details, patient admission details, chest radiograph on admission, use of intubation and mechanical ventilation, hospital length of stay, culture data, antimicrobial use, and mortality. Descriptive statistical methods (mean and standard deviation, median and range, percentage) were used to characterize the patient population, and Fisher exact test was used to evaluate the association between antimicrobial use in the first 72 hours of admission and mortality.

Results
A total of 114 patients met study criteria (male, 59.7%; median age, 3.7 years [range, 0.15–17.79 years]). Median hospital length of stay was 2 days (range, 1–60 days). Intensive care unit admission occurred in 80.7%, intubation occurred in 46.5%, and mortality was 18.4%. The most common submersion location was a pool (76.3% [n = 87]) with water primarily characterized as freshwater (82.5% [n = 94]). Reported submersion time for the majority of patients was &lt; 5 minutes (54.4%) with cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 78.1%. In the first 72 hours after admission, culture were obtained in 40 patients (35.1%), and 27.5% of these cultures were positive. The primary organisms identified were consistent oropharyngeal flora. Antimicrobials were initiated in 50% of the patient population with clindamycin as most common. There was not a significant association between antimicrobial use in the first 72 hours after admission and mortality (17.2% vs 19.6%, P = .81).

Conclusions
Infectious disease associated with pediatric drowning in pools is uncommon. Empiric use of antimicrobials does not appear to affect outcomes.