bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D printing in tissue engineering: a state of the art review of technologies and biomaterials
Authors: Poomathi Nataraj , Singh Sunpreet , Prakash Chander , Subramanian Arjun , Sahay Rahul , Cinappan Amutha , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: June 2020

PurposeIn the past decade, three-dimensional (3D) printing has gained attention in areas such as medicine, engineering, manufacturing art and most recently in education. In biomedical, the development of a wide range of biomaterials has catalysed the considerable role of 3D printing (3DP), where it functions as synthetic frameworks in the form of scaffolds, constructs or matrices. The purpose of this paper is to present the state-of-the-art literature coverage of 3DP applications in tissue engineering (such as customized scaffoldings and organs, and regenerative medicine).Design/methodology/approachThis review focusses on various 3DP techniques and biomaterials for tissue engineering (TE) applications. The literature reviewed in the manuscript has been collected from various journal search engines including Google Scholar, Research Gate, Academia, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. The keywords that have been selected for the searches were 3 D printing, tissue engineering, scaffoldings, organs, regenerative medicine, biomaterials, standards, applications and future directions. Further, the sub-classifications of the keyword, wherever possible, have been used as sectioned/sub-sectioned in the manuscript.Findings3DP techniques have many applications in biomedical and TE (B-TE), as covered in the literature. Customized structures for B-TE applications are easy and cost-effective to manufacture through 3DP, whereas on many occasions, conventional technologies generally become incompatible. For this, this new class of manufacturing must be explored to further capabilities for many potential applications.Originality/valueThis review paper presents a comprehensive study of the various types of 3DP technologies in the light of their possible B-TE application as well as provides a future roadmap.
3D printing for chest wall reconstructive surgery
Authors: Agarwala Ranjeet , Anciano Carlos J. , Stevens Joshua , Chin Robert Allen , Sparks Preston 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of the paper was to present a specific case study of how 3D printing was introduced in the chest wall construction process of a specific patient with unique medical condition. A life-size 3D model of the patient’s chest wall was 3D printed for pre-surgical planning. The intent was to eliminate the need for operative exposure to map the pathological area. The model was used for preoperative visualization and formation of a 1-mm thick titanium plate implant, which was placed in the patient during chest wall reconstructive surgery. The purpose of the surgery was to relive debilitating chronic pain due to right scapular entrapment.

Design/methodology/approach
The patient was born with a twisted spine. Over time, it progressed to severe and debilitating scoliosis, which required the use of a thoracic brace. Computerized tomography (CT) data were converted to a 3D printed model. The model was used to size and form a 1-mm thick titanium plate implant. It was also used to determine the ideal location for placement of the plate during thoracotomy preoperatively.

Findings
The surgery, aided by the model, was successful and resulted in a significantly smaller incision. The techniques reduced invasiveness and enabled the doctors to conduct the procedure efficiently and decreased surgery time. The patient experienced relief of the chronic debilitating pain and no longer need the thoracic brace.

Originality/value
The 3D model facilitated pre-operative planning and modeling of the implant. It also enabled accurate incision locations of the thoracotomy site and placement of the implant. Although chest wall reconstruction surgeries have been undertaken, this paper documents a specific case study of chest wall construction fora specific patient with unique pathological conditions.
Sustainable tourism development in rural and marginal areas and opportunities for female entrepreneurship: lessons from an exploratory study
Authors: Martini Umberto , Malacarne Karin , Pederzolli Giovanazzi Silvia , Buffa Federica 
Published: June 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the role of female entrepreneurs in the development of sustainable tourism in marginal rural mountain areas. This role is studied with reference to two focal points: female entrepreneurs’ involvement in the creation and management of tourism/hospitality services characterized by elements of authenticity, experientiality and innovation (Focus 1) and their willingness to create or participate in local stakeholder networks (Focus 2).

Design/methodology/approach
Exploratory research was conducted in mountain areas where tourism development is still marginal. In depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with 11 businesswomen in Trentino (Italy), who agreed to take part in this study.

Findings
Female entrepreneurs play a very important role in the development of sustainable mountain tourism. Elements of authenticity, experientiality and innovation are shown to be characteristic of female entrepreneurship, as is women’s propensity to create and foster local stakeholder networks (directly or indirectly) linked to their own businesses.

Research limitations/implications
In the light of the exploratory nature of this study, a small convenience sample was used.

Originality/value
This research highlights specific features of female entrepreneurship related to the sustainable development of marginal rural areas and contributes to the academic debate on the topic. This topic is under-researched with regard to developed countries.
Antiviral activities of mycophenolic acid and IMD‐0354 against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Kato Fumihiro , Matsuyama Shutoku , Kawase Miyuki , Hishiki Takayuki , Katoh Hiroshi , Takeda Makoto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, the anti–severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2) activity of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and IMD‐0354 was analyzed. These compounds were chosen based on their antiviral activities against other coronaviruses. Because they also inhibit dengue virus (DENV) infection, other anti‐DENV compounds/drugs were also assessed. On SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected VeroE6/TMPRSS2 monolayers, both MPA and IMD‐0354, but not other anti‐DENV compounds/drugs, showed significant anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 activity. Although MPA reduced the viral RNA level by only approximately 100‐fold, its half maximal effective concentration was as low as 0.87 µ
m, which is easily achievable at therapeutic doses of mycophenolate mofetil. MPA targets the coronaviral papain‐like protease and an in‐depth study on its mechanism of action would be useful in the development of novel anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 drugs.
Early‐life relationships matter: Social position during early life predicts fitness among female spotted hyenas
Authors: Turner Julie W. , Robitaille Alec L. , Bills Patrick S. , Holekamp Kay E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHow social development in early‐life affects fitness remains poorly understood.Though there is growing evidence that early‐life relationships can affect fitness, little research has investigated how social positions develop or whether there are particularly important periods for social position development in an animal's life history. In long‐lived species in particular, understanding the lasting consequences of early‐life social environments requires detailed, long‐term datasets.Here we used a 25‐year dataset to test whether social positions held during early development predicted adult fitness. Specifically, we quantified social position using three social network metrics: degree, strength and betweenness. We determined the social position of each individual in three types of networks during each of three stages of ontogeny to test whether they predict annual reproductive success (ARS) or longevity among adult female spotted hyenasCrocuta crocuta.The social positions occupied by juvenile hyenas did predict their fitness, but the effects of social position on fitness measures differed between stages of early development. Network metrics when individuals were young adults better predicted ARS, but network metrics for younger animals, particularly when youngsters were confined to the communal den, better predicted longevity than did metrics assessed during other stages of development.Our study shows how multiple types of social bonds formed during multiple stages of social development predict lifetime fitness outcomes. We suggest that social bonds formed during specific phases of development may be more important than others when considering fitness outcomes.
The effect of nitrogen and temperature changes on Solidago canadensis phenotypic plasticity and fitness
Authors: Ren Guang‐Qian , Yang Hong‐Yu , Li Jian , Prabakaran K. , Dai Zhi‐Cong , Wang Xiu‐Pu , Jiang Kun , Zou Chris B , Du Dao‐Lin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity is commonly considered to contribute to the invasion success of invasive species. However, the importance of phenotypic plasticity, nitrogen (N) levels and warming to the invasion of invasive species is unclear. The effects of warming and N addition on the morphology, biomass allocation and biochemistry traits of Solidago canadensis and their plasticity were investigated by conducting a pot experiment. The results showed that the effect of N addition on biomass was improved for S. canadensis; whereas warming displayed no significant effect, their positive synergistic interact effect resulted in the overall significant increase in plant performance. The mean phenotypic plasticity indices (MPPI) of biochemistry and total parameters demonstrated a difference between operations, and the higher value was observed in N interaction with temperature treatments than N addition or warming alone. The observed MPPI indicated the biochemistry parameters > morphological parameters > allocation parameters. The MPPI of biochemistry parameters, morphological parameters and total parameters exhibited significant and positive correlations with N level and MPPI of morphological parameters was also significantly positively correlated with the fitness of S. canadensis. These results indicated that the global warming and N addition would make the invaded habitat more suitable for the growth of invasive S. canadensis, and even may effectively increase the invasion risk of S. canadensis through the enhanced phenotypic plasticity, which is a crucial factor to help species deal with the changing environment.
On the asymmetric effects of the real exchange rate on domestic investment in G7 countries
Authors: Bahmani‐Oskooee Mohsen , Baek Jungho 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTwo studies have assessed the symmetric and asymmetric effects of exchange rate changes on domestic investment. One included six emerging countries and the other one, 18 African nations. Both revealed that using nonlinear models to assess the asymmetric effects yield a more significant outcome compared to symmetric and linear models. We add to this small literature by showing the same using quarterly data from each of the G7 countries. Indeed, nonlinear models produced relatively more short‐run and long‐run effects of changes in the real effective exchange rate on domestic investment, though in an asymmetric manner.
‘That thing in his head’: Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal Australian caregiver responses to neurodevelopmental disability diagnoses
Authors: Hamilton Sharynne L. , Maslen Sarah , Watkins Rochelle , Conigrave Katherine , Freeman Jacinta , O’Donnell Melissa , Mutch Raewyn C. , Bower Carol 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLittle is known about the significance of cultural differences to how caregivers receive a diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disability. As part of a Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder prevalence study among sentenced, detained youth, our qualitative study explored the experiences of diagnostic assessment among detained young people and their caregivers. We present findings from the perspectives of caregivers. In conversation with the sociology of diagnosis literature, we present vignettes of three Aboriginal and two non‐Aboriginal caregivers’ experiences of the diagnostic assessment process. We found that Aboriginal caregivers conceptualised their children’s diagnosis and ongoing management in the context of their family networks and community. In contrast, non‐Aboriginal caregivers focused on how the diagnosis would affect their child and interactions with various institutions including healthcare systems and schools. Caregivers’ engagement with diagnostic reports and resources also followed cultural lines. Reflections on intergenerational drinking were voiced by Aboriginal caregivers, who expressed shame at receiving diagnosis. These findings advance our appreciation of cultural difference in receiving a diagnosis, the examination of which is in its nascent stages. We also suggest ways to mitigate harm from a stigmatising diagnosis and soften the well‐established effects of medical dominance over the process of defining a person’s capacity and status.
Lung ultrasound in a respiratory pandemic
Authors: Lokuge Amaali , Alexander Jana , Land Benjamin , McAllister Amy 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAustralian hospitals have prepared for a major surge in patients due to the infectious respiratory pandemic COVID‐19. In other nations, patient presentations have overwhelmed resources. Ultrasound has been shown to be an effective tool to exclude significant life‐threats in resource poor settings. In this article, we will describe three lung ultrasound algorithms for the emergency diagnosis of patients presenting with respiratory symptoms during a COVID‐19 pandemic: (i) LUSC19: lung ultrasound to assess the severity of COVID‐19; (ii) LUSAC: lung ultrasound to exclude alternative causes of respiratory distress; and (iii) LUSI: lung ultrasound following intubation. We anticipate that emergency physicians will use these algorithms during the upcoming respiratory pandemic to rapidly determine the severity of COVID‐19 infection, to seek and treat significant alternative diagnoses and ensure endotracheal intubation.
Psoralea corylifolia L. extract ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in free‐fatty‐acid‐incubated HEPG2 cells and in high‐fat diet‐fed mice
Authors: Hong YunMin , Choi Soo‐Im , Hong Eunyoung , Kim Gun‐Hee 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease that is closely related to metabolic syndrome. We investigated the effect of a Psoralea corylifolia L. (PC) seeds extract (PCE) on NAFLD. PC seeds were extracted using different ethanol concentrations to produce five extracts, and the 70% ethanol PCE, which had the highest phenolic content, was used in subsequent in vitro and in vivo experiments. The inhibitory effect of PCE on hepatic steatosis was estimated using HepG2 cells treated with oleic acid (OA). In addition, an in vivo NAFLD model was established using high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Obesity was induced in mice over 14 weeks. PCE (100 or 200 mg/kg/day) was administered orally to mice after 8 weeks of the 14‐week treatment period for 6 weeks. PCE suppressed lipid accumulation in OA‐treated HepG2 cells. PCE ameliorated the antioxidant activity suppressions induced by the HFD. In addition, both PCE100 and PCE200 groups reduced lipid accumulation and the expression levels of inflammatory proteins as compared with HFD group. PCE administration significantly attenuated hepatic steatosis in liver tissues by decreasing the expression of lipogenic protein sterol regulatory element binding protein 1‐c (SREBP‐1c) and its downstream protein fatty acid synthase (FAS) in HFD‐fed mice and in OA‐treated HepG2 cells. Furthermore, PCE administration increased the phosphorylation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase. These results suggest that PCE could be used as a functional material to prevent or ameliorate NAFLD by inhibiting lipid accumulation in liver.Practical ApplicationPsoralea corylifolia L. is rich in polyphenol and other phytochemicals. In this study, we identified the beneficial effects of Psoralea corylifolia L. extract on hepatic steatosis in oleic‐acid‐induced HepG2 cells and high‐fat diet‐fed mice. The result of this study will provide the evidence that a Psoralea corylifolia L. extract has potential use as a functional material for the prevention and amelioration of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Challenges in confectionery industry: Development and storage stability of innovative white tea‐based candies
Authors: Šeremet Danijela , Mandura Ana , Cebin Aleksandra Vojvodić , Martinić Arijana , Galić Kata , Komes Draženka 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study was the development of innovative candies formulations accordant with the present trends in the confectionery industry. Steviol glycosides, sorbitol, and agave syrup were used as sucrose alternatives, while agar and pectin were included instead of gelatin for the formulation of vegan candies. Additionally, white tea extract was used as a candy base and source of bioactive compounds. Bioactive quality (total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, epigallocatechin gallate, and caffeine content) and physicochemical (dry matter, springiness, hardness, color) parameters of candies were monitored during 4 months of storage at 4 and 22 °C. Pectin candies with the highest content of dry matter (79.8%) showed the longest shelf life, while those with agar (52.0% and 66.2%) were the most susceptible to spoilage. Candies prepared with agar were less hard (0.4 and 0.6 N) and with less elastic texture (1.5 and 3.4 mm) and showed the highest stability of physicochemical parameters during storage, while those with pectin were also less hard (0.5 N) but with more elastic texture (10.7 mm) than gelatin candies (3.6 and 4.4 mm; 2.4 and 4.1 N). Although gelatin samples were characterized with the greatest bioactive quality parameters immediately after production, they showed a higher instability of the same parameters during storage compared to the agar and pectin candies.Practical ApplicationAccording to the consumers’ demands for healthier confectionery products, formulations of candies with sucrose alternatives, non‐animal hydrocolloids, and natural bioactive compounds were developed. Giving a deeper insight into their physicochemical and bioactive properties, this paper could contribute to confectionery industry in development and optimization of formulations in order to obtain candies with desirable and attractive properties.
The guanidine thiocyanate‐high EDTA method for total microbial RNA extraction from severely heavy metal‐contaminated soils
Authors: Pei Yaxin , Mamtimin Tursunay , Ji Jing , Khan Aman , Kakade Apurva , Zhou Tuoyu , Yu Zhengsheng , Zain Hajira , Yang Wenzhi , Ling Zhenmin , Zhang Wenya , Zhang Yingmei , Li Xiangkai 
Published: June 2020

SummaryMolecular analyses relying on RNA, as a direct way to unravel active microbes and their functional genes, have received increasing attention from environmental researchers recently. However, extracting sufficient and high‐quality total microbial RNA from seriously heavy metal‐contaminated soils is still a challenge. In this study, the guanidine thiocyanate‐high EDTA (GTHE) method was established and optimized for recovering high quantity and quality of RNA from long‐term heavy metal‐contaminated soils. Due to the low microbial biomass in the soils, we combined multiple strong denaturants and intense mechanical lysis to break cells for increasing RNA yields. To minimize RNAase and heavy metals interference on RNA integrity, the concentrations of guanidine thiocyanate and EDTA were increased from 0.5 to 0.625 ml g−1 soil and 10 to 100 mM, respectively. This optimized GTHE method was applied to seven severely contaminated soils, and the RNA recovery efficiencies were 2.80 ~ 59.41 μg g−1 soil. The total microbial RNA of non‐Cr(VI) (NT) and Cr(VI)‐treated (CT) samples was utilized for molecular analyses. The result of qRT‐PCR demonstrated that the expressions of two tested genes, chrA and yieF, were respectively upregulated 4.12‐ and 62.43‐fold after Cr(VI) treatment. The total microbial RNA extracted from NT and CT samples, respectively, reached to 26.70 μg and 30.75 μg, which were much higher than the required amount (5 μg) for metatranscriptomic library construction. Besides, ratios of mRNA read were more than 86%, which indicated the high‐quality libraries constructed for metatranscriptomic analysis. In summary, the GTHE method is useful to study microbes of contaminated habitats.
Curating (im)mobility: Peri‐urban agency in the Lwandle Migrant Labour Museum
Authors: Kappler Stefanie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article focuses on the ways in which museums perform peri‐urban agency in urban peripheries. The latter are defined as meeting points between rural and urban economies and zones of transition and precariousness, shaped by intersectional inequalities. In South Africa, the experiences of migrant workers include governed (im)mobilities, living on the urban periphery and seeing the continuation of colonial practices in a neoliberal economic environment. A mnemonic reading of the ways in which migrant labour is interpreted and curated by the Lwandle Migrant Labour Museum near Cape Town reflects the extent to which the control of mobilities continues to operate in the country's post‐apartheid neoliberal system. The manner in which the museum curates the experience of migrant‐labour casts light on the performance of a particular form of peri‐urban agency as a way of interpreting the experience of migrant labour beyond Cape Town's city centre. Such agency is not free from contestation but instead an articulation of mnemonic agency in a post‐colonial political setting.
Factors increasing the risk of inappropriate vancomycin therapy in ICU patients: A prospective observational study
Authors: Helset Elin , Nordøy Ingvild , Sporsem Hilde , Bakke Victoria D. , Bugge Jan F. , Gammelsrud Karianne W. , Zucknick Manuela , von der Lippe Elisabeth 
Published: June 2020

BackgroundVancomycin trough levels are frequently subtherapeutic in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The aim of this study was to identify patients at risk of therapeutic failure defined as vancomycin area‐under‐the‐curve0‐24/minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC0‐24/MIC) <400, and to examine possible effects of different MICs, the variability in renal clearance and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), and the relevance of vancomycin therapy.MethodsA prospective observational study of ICU patients 18 years at initiation of vancomycin therapy was conducted from May 2013 to October 2015. The patients were divided into four groups according to renal function and CRRT‐mode as follows: normal‐ or augmented renal clearance and continuous venovenous hemodialysis or ‐hemofiltration. Vancomycin peak and trough levels were measured at 24, 48, and 72 hours after therapy initiation. Relevance of vancomycin therapy was retrospectively evaluated based on microbiological results.ResultsEighty‐three patients were included, median age 54.5 years, 74.5% male, SAPS II score 46, and 90 day mortality 28%. Vancomycin therapy was initiated on ICU‐day 8 (IQR, 5‐12), with a median treatment time of 7.5 (IQR, 5‐12) days. AUC0‐24/MIC > 400 was reached in 81% and 8% with MIC = 1 and 2 mg/L respectively. The CRRT groups had higher AUC0‐24/MIC‐ratios than the non‐CRRT groups (P < .001). Augmented renal clearance increased the risk of AUC0‐24/MIC < 400, independent of MIC‐value. Initiation of vancomycin therapy was retrospectively considered relevant in 28 patients (34%).ConclusionA MIC‐value >1 mg/L and augmented renal clearance, were factors increasing the risk of therapeutic failure. Vancomycin treatments could have been omitted or shortened in most of these patients.