bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reﬂections upon Some Fundamental Issues in Educational Historiography
Authors: Zhou Hongyu , Xiao Yuehai 
Published: December 2019

This paper categorizes educational historiography as part of “historiography” because educational historiography is leaning towards historiography in spite of being a fundamental educational discipline with the dual disciplinary attributes of education and historiography. It is argued that the nature of a discipline is partly defined by its researchers and its roles, but more importantly, by its origin, major research topics and objectives, basic research theories, methodologies and paradigms, as well as its relations with cognate disciplines. And each of the above factors is elaborated on to illuminate the dual disciplinary nature of educational historiography. From the perspective of educational science, what reflects the nature of education the best is people’s “educational activities,” which can be defined as the aggregate of specific activities directed to promoting valuable human development, and the various ways educators and learners participate and interact in the educational process. This paper maintains that the history of educational activities constitutes an upside-down triangle relation with the histories of educational thoughts and system. The history of educational activities is the origin, premise and foundation, whereas the latter two are the derivatives and results. Therefore, the history of educational activities must be studied as part of the research on the history of education.
Time-resolved phase-contrast microtomographic imaging of two-phase solid–liquid flow through porous media
Authors: Ohser Joachim , Dobrovolskij Dascha , Blankenburg Christoph , Rack Alexander 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Time-resolved microtomography with high frame rate, high lateral resolution and sufficiently high contrast allows for observing three-dimensional motion of particles in two-phase solid–liquid flows through porous structures. Knowledge of the interaction between the particles and an activated surface of the pore space is important for simulation of the flow as a part of the design of porous structures with improved properties. Investigations on such structures are, for example, a prerequisite for the development of new technologies for industrial cell chromatography. From the 3D image sequences obtained by time-resolved microtomography it is possible to estimate various flow characteristics such as the particle deposition rate at the surface of the pore space and the fraction of particles moving close to the surface.
EVALUATION OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY OF THE AREA OF INFLUENCE OF THE LANDFILL OF THE CITY OF MANAUS/AM
Authors: Dos Passos Santos Ana Caroline , AMARO DE LIMA ALEXANDRA , Oliveira Bezerra Igor Felipe 
Published: December 2019

This work aimed to evaluate the quality of surface water around the Manaus Solid Waste Landfill (ARSM), in which it is located near important waterways in a growing urban expansion area. During the collection period, the parameters pH, T, fecal coliforms, OD, DBO5, nitrate, phosphate, turbidity and total solids were monitored, where these are the main parameters for performing water quality index calculations. The results analyzed indicate contamination in the streams near the perimeter of the Landfill, where the possible origins for non-conformities can be problems in draining the leached and waterproofing system of the landfill ponds. The recovery of the quality of these water resources is essential, since it is an area with flora and fauna that are heritage, not only of the residents who occupy their surroundings, but also the population of Manaus who in the past enjoyed bathing and fishing areas in the streams currently affected by the slurry produced in the landfill.
Does minimizing co-contraction increase agility test performance?
Authors: Arpinar-Avsar Pinar , Celik Huseyin 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: The majority of common agility tests include pre-planned change of direction (COD) maneuvers which require muscular coordination. However, muscular coordination in terms of organization of co-activated antagonistic muscle pairs in COD maneuvers have not been studied. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate muscle coordination by analyzing co-contraction at knee and ankle during three agility tests and to investigate the relationships between muscle coordination and test completion time. METHOD: Thirteen healthy young male subjects (22.1 [Formula: see text] 1.9 years) participated in the study. Surface EMG and acceleration signals were used to calculate co-contraction index (CCI) for selected antagonistic muscle pairs of ankle and knee joints during COD maneuvers in agility tests. RESULTS: The findings indicated that concurrent activation costs a delay to complete the test faster. CCI was higher at right ankle and left knee and showed an increasing trend with advancing the phase when the test requires multiple CODs. CONCLUSIONS: Minimizing co-contraction would result in faster movement, however, there might be a trade-off between joint stiffness and test performance depending on changes in neuromuscular factors such as altered motor control strategies due to strength imbalances or occurrence of fatigue.
Enhancement of knee extension voluntary and electrically-evoked strength with the body tilted backward
Authors: Tsai Liang-Ching , Zhao Zuowei , Fridenmaker Steven M. , Warren Gordon L. 
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND: While extreme changes in body position (e.g., standing vs. sitting) have been shown to affect knee extensor strength, little is known regarding how less extreme changes in body position affect knee extensor strength and activation. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of four seated positions on the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and electrically-evoked isometric strengths of the knee extensors. METHODS: Forty healthy subjects participated. MVIC strength, electrically-evoked strength, and voluntary activation of the quadriceps muscles were measured under four seated positions: 1) 22.5–25[Formula: see text] forward tilt, 2) 0[Formula: see text] tilt, 3) 22.5–25[Formula: see text] backward tilt, and 4) 45–50[Formula: see text] backward tilt. The effect of seated position on each dependent variable was assessed using a one-way repeated measures ANOVA with linear contrasts. RESULTS: MVIC and electrically-evoked strengths increased ([Formula: see text] 0.037) by 5–11% as the body was moved from the 22.5–25[Formula: see text] forward-tilted to 45–50[Formula: see text] backward-tilted position. However, voluntary muscle activation and EMG amplitudes of the knee extensors during MVIC did not change. CONCLUSIONS: Knee extensor MVIC and electrically-evoked strengths were modestly enhanced as the body was tilted backwards. The use of a semi-reclined position may assist in obtaining a more forceful contraction of the knee extensors, thereby potentially resulting in better strength training outcomes.
Nocturnal Hypoxemia Is Associated with Altered Parahippocampal Functional Brain Connectivity in Older Adults at Risk for Dementia
Authors: Naismith Sharon L. , Duffy Shantel L. , Cross Nathan , Grunstein Ron , Terpening Zoe , Hoyos Camilla , D’Rozario Angela , Lagopoulos Jim , Osorio Ricardo S. , Shine James M. , McKinnon Andrew C. 
Published: December 2019

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with an increased risk of developing mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Intermittent nocturnal hypoxemia in obstructive sleep apnea is associated with brain changes in key regions that underpin memory. Objective: To determine whether older adults with severe nocturnal hypoxemia would exhibit reduced functional connectivity within these regions, with associated deficits in memory. Methods: Seventy-two participants 51 years and over underwent polysomnography with continuous blood oxygen saturation recorded via oximetry. The oxygen desaturation index (ODI, 3% dips in oxygen levels per hour) was the primary outcome measure. ODI was split into tertiles, with analyses comparing the lowest and highest tertiles (N = 48). Thirty-five of the 48 participants from these two tertiles had mild cognitive impairment. Participants also underwent resting-state fMRI and comprehensive neuropsychological, medical, and psychiatric assessment. Results: The highest ODI tertile group demonstrated significantly reduced connectivity between the left and right parahippocampal cortex, relative to the lowest ODI tertile group (t(42) = –3.26, p = 0.041, beta = –1.99).The highest ODI tertile group also had poorer working memory performance. In the highest ODI tertile group only, higher left-right parahippocampal functional connectivity was associated with poorer visual memory recall (between-groups z = –2.93, p = 0.0034). Conclusions: Older adults with severe nocturnal hypoxemia demonstrate impaired functional connectivity in medial temporal structures, key regions involved in sleep memory processing and implicated in dementia pathophysiology. Oxygen desaturation and functional connectivity in these individuals each relate to cognitive performance. Research is now required to further elucidate these findings.
Tau Tangles in Parkinson’s Disease: A 2-Year Follow-Up Flortaucipir PET Study
Authors: Hansen Allan K. , Parbo Peter , Ismail Rola , Østergaard Karen , Brooks David J. , Borghammer Per 
Published: December 2019

Background: Flortaucipir PET, a marker of tau tangles, has shown lower than expected cortical uptake in Parkinson’s disease (PD), than would be predicted from neuropathologic estimates of Alzheimer’s disease co-pathology. Instead, the most characteristic finding of flortaucipir imaging in PD is decreased uptake in the substantia nigra, reflecting reduction in its “off-target” binding to neuromelanin. We have previously reported these observations in cross-sectional studies. Objective: Here, we present two-year follow-up data of cortical and nigral flortaucipir uptake in PD patients. Methods: Seventeen PD patients received repeat flortaucipir PET two years after baseline. We interrogated vertex-based group-wise cortical tracer binding (SUVRs) with a cerebellar reference using the general linear model while mean substantia nigra SUVRs were compared with volumes of interest group comparisons and voxel-wise group analyses using ANOVA. Finally, we performed linear regressions of tau load with changes in MoCA and UPDRS motor scores. Results: We found no significant changes in substantia nigra or cortex flortaucipir uptake in Parkinson’s disease patients over two years and no association with changes in cognitive symptoms. Signal reduction in the medial substantia nigra trended towards an association with worsening of motor symptoms. Conclusion: No significant increase in tau tangles occurred after a two-year follow-up of Parkinson’s disease patients using flortaucipir PET.
Pengaruh Citra Merek dan Promosi Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Go-Jek di Stasiun Depok Jawa Barat
Authors: Haryantini Haryantini 
Published: December 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Citra Merek terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan, pengaruh Promosi terhadap Loylitas Pelanggan dan pengaruh Citra Merek dan Promosi terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Go-Jek di Stasiun Depok Jawa Barat”.Jenis penelitian kuantitatif, metode dalam penelitian ini dengan penyebaran angket (kuesioner), teknik penarikan sampel non probability sampling, populasi adalah pelanggan Go- Jek di Stasiun Depok. Responden sebanyak 100 orang jumlah sampel yang di ambil dengan pemakaian sampel sebanyak dua kali.Perolehan hasil penelitian tidak terdapat pengaruh secara simultan antara Citra Merek dan promosi terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Go-Jek di Stasiun Depok Jawa barat
Use of Aposteriori Information in the Implementation of Radar Recognition Systems Using Neural Network Technologies
Authors: Beskostyi Dmitrii F. , Borovikov Sergei G. , Yastrebov Yurii V. , Sozontov Ilya A. 
Published: December 2019

Introduction. The current need to obtain relevant, complete and reliable information about airborne objects has led to the continuous improvement of modern radar recognition systems (MRRS) as part of control systems. The development of modern MRRS has created objective prerequisites for the use of progressive and new methods and algorithms for the processing of signals using neural networks. The use of artificial neural networks with learning ability permits expansion to include many signs of recognition by using information obtained in the process of monitoring airspace.Aim. To formulate the problem and develop proposals for the use of posterior information for airspace control in radar recognition systems using neural network technologies.Materials and methods. Based on an analysis of the structure of a unified information network, an approach was formulated to facilitate the development of MRRS based on training technologies. Using the synthesis method, examples of technical solutions were proposed, which will allow the use of modern methods and signal processing algorithms using a posteriori information generated by the control system.Results. The study identified the principles of neural network training in solving the recognition problem in the process of functioning of radio electronic equipment (REE). The technical solutions pro-posed take the functioning of the integrated radar system into account, allowing the information parameters required for training MRRS in a single information field to be obtained. It is shown that the removal of restrictions associated with the functional autonomy of REE, allows the use of posterior information in the implementation of radar recognition systems. This also allows for an increase in the number of recognition signs used in the algorithms and for the database of portraits to be replenished. Conclusion. MRRS can be developed via training by removing the restrictions associated with the autonomous functioning of RES. This allows for the situational assessment to be enhanced and management decisions to be optimised.
Strobing of Radar Marks for Trajectory Filtration in a Body-Fixed Frame
Authors: Vasiliev Konstantin K. , Mattis Alexey V. , Saverkin Oleg V. 
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Modern air targets, particularly drones, are becoming less noticeable, while their manoeuvrability continues to improve. Trajectory processing algorithms have also been improved in order to provide for effective tracking of highly manoeuvring targets. The accuracy of filtering trajectory parameters is largely determined by the reliability of radar information. This has also required an enhanced role for strobe algorithms and the need to increase the effectiveness of strobe radar marks.Aim. To develop and investigate the efficiency of a trajectory strobe algorithm based on the target motion model in a high-speed coordinate system associated with the direction of the target motion and involving the formation of a strobe in the form of a truncated elliptical sector.Materials and methods. The study considered the target motion model in the body-fixed frame. This model was taken as the basis for new trajectory filtering algorithms based on Kalman filtering. Existing methods for strobing radar marks of the target were considered and a new approach based on filtering in the body-fixed frame proposed. The new algorithm assumes the formation of a strobe in the form of a truncated elliptical sector. This form corresponds to the most probable location of the marks of the tracked target. The effectiveness of the proposed solutions is confirmed by the results of mathematical modelling carried out using MATLAB.Results. The study produced analytical expressions for the motion model, recurrent filtering and strobe algorithm in the body-fixed frame. A comparative analysis of tracking effectiveness with the same volumes of the elliptical and proposed strobes was performed. It was established that the algorithm with strobe formation in the shape of a truncated elliptical sector provides for longer target tracking up to the time of the first loss of the mark for speed and highly manoeuvring targets, when compared to the elliptical strobe algorithm. In addition, the average duration of sector strobe tracking does not in practice depend on the initial speed of the target and provides greater accuracy for small measurement error values (less than 50 m) of the coordinates than in comparison with the elliptical one.Conclusion. The described results were achieved by the ability of the strobe in the body-fixed frame to adapt to the direction of motion and target manoeuvring, allowing high-quality target tracking within a larger speed range. Such strobe formation will also reduce the likelihood of skip-ping radar marks from the tracked target and will reduce the number of false marks belonging to other trajectories inside the strobe.
ANALISIS PENGALAMAN, SKEPTISISME PROFESIONAL AUDITOR TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENDETEKSI FRAUD (Study Kasus Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan Perwakilan Provinsi Bengkulu)
Authors: Yanti Rina Trisna , Herlin Herlin 
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study to analyze the relationship of experience and skepticism of auditor professionals with the ability to detect fraud (fraud) in Supreme Audit Agency, Representative of Bengkulu Province.This research includes descriptive research which is a problem formulation concerning the question of the existence of independent variables, either on one or more variables. Research respondents are auditors who work in Supreme Audit Agency, Representative of Bengkulu Province which amounted to 37 people. Data collection using questionnaire and data analysis using sperman rank correlation.
The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the auditor's experience with the auditor's ability to detect fraud at Supreme Audit Agency, Representative of Bengkulu Province (t count 29,644> t table 1,690). That is, the more experienced an auditor the ability to detect higher fraud. The correlation of the auditor's experience with the auditor's ability to detect fraud of .834 is at a very strong level of relationship. There is a significant correlation between professional skepticism of auditor with auditor ability to detect fraud at Supreme Audit Agency, Representative of Bengkulu Province(t count 86,335> t table 1,690) That is, the higher skepticism of professional auditor hence ability to detect fraud also higher.Correlation of skepticism of professional auditor with auditor ability to detect fraud of 0.936 is at a very strong level of relationship
Formation of the Convergence Functions of Errors of Input Data of Measurement Systems Computing Components on the Basis of the Finite Automatics Theory
Authors: Krychevets O. 
Published: December 2019

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the behavior of the functions of transforming the input data errors for different types of measurement systems’ computing components in order to use their generalized models developed on the basis of the finite automata theory. It is shown that, depending on the kind and value of an input data error transformation function (metrological condition of computing components), the errors of measurement results obtained with the systems’ measuring channels have a determinate character of changes in both static and dynamic regimes of computing components. Determined are the basic dependences of the errors of measurement results upon the input data errors, and upon the types of input data transformation functions; given are the results of their calculation.
The investigation results demonstrate a linear character of the dependence of measurement result errors upon the input data errors ΔХ{(tn). In addition, the transformation function calculation f = ΔY{(tn)/ΔХ{(tn) gives its steady state value f = 1,0, i.e. a computing component does not transform the input data error, and does not reverse its sign.
For the iterative procedures, the input data errors do not affect the final measurement result, and its accuracy. The measurement error values Δуn depend on the iteration number, and decrease with the increasing number. Of particular interest is the behavior of the function of transforming the input data errors: first, its values are dependent upon the number of iterations; second, f < 1, which clearly shows that the input data errors decrease with the increa­sing number of iterations; and third, the availability of values f = 0 indicates that the function of transforming the input data errors is able to «swallow up» the input data error at the end of the computational procedure.
For the linear-chain structures, data have been obtained for a predominantly linear dependence of the measurement error Δs on the input data error Δх, and for the absence of the chain’s transformation function f dependence on the input data errors Δх.
For the computing components having a cyclic structure, typi­cal is the same dependence of measurement errors Δt on the input data errors and on the behavior of transformation function ft/x which are specific to the above mentioned computing components that rea­lize iterative procedures. The difference is that the computing components having a cyclic structure realize the so-called (sub)space iteration as opposed to the time iteration specific to the computing components considered.
The computing components having a complicated structure (e.g. serial-cyclic, serial-parallel, etc.) demonstrate the dependence of measurement errors on the input data errors which is specific to the linear link that, with such a structure, is determinative for eva­luating the measurement error. Also the function of transforming the input data errors behaves similarly.
Evaluation of the Signal Power Spectrum in Directional Receiving Systems
Authors: Ignatkin V. , Saragtov O. 
Published: December 2019

Розглянуто алгоритм, який дозволяє для дискретної вибірки із N значень на проміжку часу [–T/2, +T/2] оцінювати спектр потужності за допомогою фільтра з тією ж самою вузькою спектральною смугою у прямокутному часовому вікні, але з рівнем бічних пелюсток, менших на 4,3 дБ. Наведено приклади декількох «енергетичних» фільтрів. При цьому показано відгуки енергетичного фільтра порівняно з фільтром на основі традиційних часових вікон. Виникають можливості керування як шириною смуги фільтра, так і формою його вершини. Також суттєво збільшується розмірність простору змінних варіювання.
Стосовно спектрального аналізу, йдеться відносно випадку, коли перетворення Фур’є виконується з двома різними часовими вікнами у часі.
Підсумок формується із множників дійсних
і недійсних частин першого та другого перетворення. При цьому не потрібно певних оптимальних властивостей від кожного із часових вікон, окремо оптимізується тільки кінцевий підсумок. Це ефективно, якщо одне із часових вікон нагадує вікно Кайзера-Бесселя. При цьому проведення згортки після перетворення Фур’є стає трудомістким, потребує багато обчислювальних операцій, та часове вікно краще використовувати безпосередньо до сигналу, який аналізується перед перетворенням Фур’є.
Для таких часових вікон будування «енергетичного» фільтра збільшує час аналізу приблизно у два рази. Але швидкість обчислювань не зав­жди є визначальним фактором, а сумісне використання двох різних вікон замість одного розширює можливості аналізу.
Результати роботи можуть бути використані під час фільтрації приймальної потужності сигналу для різних систем, зокрема, для систем з максимальним придушенням шумової завади.
Перспективно оптимізувати приймальну систему з горизонтальним робочим напрямком приймання. Задачу оптимізації у цьому випадку вирішують з урахуванням робочого діапазону як для середньої, так і для максимальної завади.