bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissolved organic matter sources in glacierized watersheds delineated through compositional and carbon isotopic modeling
Authors: Behnke Megan I. , Stubbins Aron , Fellman Jason B. , Hood Eran , Dittmar Thorsten , Spencer Robert G. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractClimate change is decreasing watershed glacial coverage throughout Alaska, impacting the biogeochemistry of downstream ecosystems. We collected streamwater fortnightly over the glacial runoff period from three streams of varying watershed glacier coverage (0–49%) and a subglacial outflow to assess how glacier recession impacts the relative contributions of glacier and terrestrial plant derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) inputs to streams. We show an increase in the fraction of old dissolved organic carbon (up to ∼ 3200 yr old radiocarbon age) with increasing glacial meltwater contribution to streamflow. We use a dual isotopic mixing model (δ13C and Δ14C) to quantify the relative contribution of terrestrial and glacial sources to streamwater DOM. The endmember contributions were further compared to DOM molecular compositional data from Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to assess whether DOM composition can be linked to streamwater DOM source in watersheds with varying contributions of glacial runoff. This approach revealed the glacial fraction was positively correlated with percent relative abundance of heteroatom‐containing DOM molecular formulae, aliphatics, and peptide‐like formulae, while the terrestrial fraction was positively correlated with condensed aromatics and polyphenolics. These results provide information about how the retreat of mountain glaciers will impact the composition and thus biogeochemical role of DOM delivered to downstream ecosystems. Our findings highlight that combining an isotopic mixing model and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry data can provide novel insights into how changes in watershed landcover impact the source and chemical properties of streamwater DOM.
A note on ordinal exponentiation and derivatives of normal functions
Authors: Freund Anton 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMichael Rathjen and the present author have shown that ‐bar induction is equivalent to (a suitable formalization of) the statement that every normal function has a derivative, provably in . In this note we show that the base theory can be weakened to . Our argument makes crucial use of a normal function f with and . We shall also exhibit a normal function g with and .
WRF wind field assessment under multiple forcings using spatialized aircraft data
Authors: Carotenuto Federico , Gualtieri Giovanni , Toscano Piero , Miglietta Franco , Gioli Beniamino 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe performances of limited area weather models are affected by the choice of core solvers, domain resolutions, and initial and boundary conditions. To understand the extent of such differences on simulated wind fields, weather research and forecast (WRF) simulations initialized by different forcings were extensively compared with an aircraft‐derived high‐resolution data set. The two used forcings were the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA‐Interim reanalysis and the National Centers for Environmental Predictions (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). The model domain covered a large portion of central western Italy (including part of the Tyrrhenian coast) encompassing the aircraft track and allowed the characterization of their performance across the simulation domain rather than a small set of point‐based observations. The WRF results show good agreement with the aircraft data across the whole flight track with both forcings (root mean square errors (RMSEs) < 2.3 m·s−1 and an average r2 = 0.7). Orography and coasts show an effect on simulated wind fields. The presence of a strong orography (which is smoothed by the model internal terrain elevation model) is associated with increased errors. Distance from the coast is also associated with a variation in RMSE (even if in a non‐straightforward manner) because of potential breeze effects. No forcing data set clearly outperforms the other, while the ECMWF has higher correlation co‐efficients when considering wind direction.
A generative adversarial network‐based (GAN‐based) architecture for automatic fiducial marker detection in prostate MRI‐only radiotherapy simulation images
Authors: Singhrao Kamal , Fu Jie , Parikh Neil R. , Mikaeilian Argin G. , Ruan Dan , Kishan Amar U. , Lewis John H. 
Published: September 2020

PurposeClinical sites utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐only simulation for prostate radiotherapy planning typically use fiducial markers for pretreatment patient positioning and alignment. Fiducial markers appear as small signal voids in MRI images and are often difficult to discern. Existing clinical methods for fiducial marker localization require multiple MRI sequences and/or manual interaction and specialized expertise. In this study, we develop a robust method for automatic fiducial marker detection in prostate MRI simulation images and quantify the pretreatment alignment accuracy using automatically detected fiducial markers in MRI.Methods and MaterialsIn this study, a deep learning‐based algorithm was used to convert MRI images into labeled fiducial marker volumes. Seventy‐seven prostate cancer patients who received marker implantation prior to MRI and CT simulation imaging were selected for this study. Multiple‐Echo T1‐VIBE MRI images were acquired, and images were stratified (at the patient level) based on the presence of intraprostatic calcifications. Ground truth (GT) contours were defined by an expert on MRI using CT images. Training was done using the pix2pix generative adversarial network (GAN) image‐to‐image translation package and model testing was done using fivefold cross validation. For performance comparison, an experienced medical dosimetrist and a medical physicist each manually contoured fiducial markers in MRI images. The percent of correct detections and F1 classification scores are reported for markers detected using the automatic detection algorithm and human observers. The patient positioning errors were quantified by calculating the target registration errors (TREs) from fiducial marker driven rigid registration between MRI and CBCT images. Target registration errors were quantified for fiducial marker contours defined on MRI by the automatic detection algorithm and the two expert human observers.ResultsNinety‐six percent of implanted fiducial markers were correctly identified using the automatic detection algorithm. Two expert raters correctly identified 97% and 96% of fiducial markers, respectively. The F1 classification score was 0.68, 0.75, and 0.72 for the automatic detection algorithm and two human raters, respectively. The main source of false discoveries was intraprostatic calcifications. The mean TRE differences between alignments from automatic detection algorithm and human detected markers and GT were <1 mm.ConclusionsWe have developed a deep learning‐based approach to automatically detect fiducial markers in MRI‐only simulation images in a clinically representative patient cohort. The automatic detection algorithm‐predicted markers can allow for patient setup with similar accuracy to independent human observers.
Light‐ and elevated temperature‐induced degradation impact on bifacial modules using accelerated aging tests, electroluminescence, and photovoltaic plant modeling
Authors: Dupuis Julien , Plessis Gilles , El Hajje Gilbert , Lajoie‐Mazenc Eric , Sandré Eric , Radouane Khalid , Dupeyrat Patrick 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe authors report on the light‐ and elevated temperature‐induced degradation (LeTID) effect observed on bifacial photovoltaic modules and its potential impact on photovoltaic plants performance. Indoor LeTID quantification using indoor carrier‐induced degradation (CID) is carried out using current injection. Power measurements yielded higher LeTID sensitivity for the rear side of bifacial modules compared to the front side, hence leading to a variation of the bifaciality factor by several percentage points. The difficulty in evaluating the maximal power degradation caused by LeTID is also highlighted as a reduced number of samples are used most of the time and as cells within a single module do not have always the same performance evolution trends. Using indoor CID results with the help of empirical fitting and Arrhenius relation, the yield impact of LeTID on a bifacial power plant is simulated under three different climates. Modeling results help to identify the main parameters related to LeTID modules sensitivity that impact photovoltaic (PV) plants yield: maximal power degradation, stabilized power value after regeneration, activation energy value, and LeTID kinetics. In some cases, the yield variation caused by LeTID sensitive modules could be mitigated by carefully selecting the modules as a function of climatic conditions.
Plant and fungal collections: Current status, future perspectives
Authors: Paton Alan , Antonelli Alexandre , Carine Mark , Forzza Rafaela Campostrini , Davies Nina , Demissew Sebsebe , Dröge Gabriele , Fulcher Tim , Grall Aurelie , Holstein Norbert , Jones Meirion , Liu Udayangani , Miller Joe , Moat Justin , Nicolson Nicky , Ryan Matthew , Sharrock Suzanne , Smith David , Thiers Barbara , Victor Janine , Wilkinson Tim , Dickie John 
Published: September 2020

Societal Impact StatementPlant and fungal specimens provide the auditable evidence that a particular organism occurred at a particular place, and at a particular point in time, verifying past occurrence and distribution. They also document the aspects of human exploration and culture. Collectively specimens form a global asset with significant potential for new uses to help address societal and environmental challenges. Collections also serve as a platform to engage and educate a broad range of stakeholders from the academic to the public, strengthening engagement and understanding of plant and fungal diversity—the basis of life on Earth.SummaryWe provide a global review of the current state of plant and fungal collections including herbaria and fungaria, botanic gardens, fungal culture collections, and biobanks. The review focuses on the numbers of collections, major taxonomic group and species level coverage, geographical representation and the extent to which the data from collections are digitally accessible. We identify the major gaps in these collections and in digital data. We also consider what collection types need to be further developed to support research, such as environmental DNA and cryopreservation of desiccation‐sensitive seeds. Around 31% of vascular plant species are represented in botanic gardens, and 17% of known fungal species are held in culture collections, both these living collections showing a bias toward northern temperate taxa. Only 21% of preserved collections are available via the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) with Asia, central and north Africa and Amazonia being relatively under‐represented. Supporting long‐term collection facilities in biodiverse areas should be considered by governmental and international aid agencies, in addition to short‐term project funding. Institutions should consider how best to speed up digitization of collections and to disseminate all data via aggregators such as GBIF, which will greatly facilitate use, research, and community curation to improve quality. There needs to be greater alignment between biodiversity informatics initiatives and standards to allow more comprehensive analysis of collections data and to facilitate linkage of extended information, facilitating broader use. Much can be achieved with greater coordination through existing initiatives and strengthening relationships with users.
Current knowledge, status, and future for plant and fungal diversity in Great Britain and the UK Overseas Territories
Authors: Clubbe Colin , Ainsworth A. Martyn , Bárrios Sara , Bensusan Keith , Brodie Juliet , Cannon Paul , Chapman Ted , Copeland Alison I. , Corcoran Marcella , Dani Sanchez Michele , David John C. , Dines Trevor , Gardiner Lauren M. , Hamilton Martin A. , Heller Thomas , Hollingsworth Peter M. , Hutchinson Nicola , Llewelyn Theo , Lowe Forrest Laura , McGinn Kevin J. , Miles Stephanie , O'Donnell Katherine , Woodfield‐Pascoe Nancy , Rich Tim C. G. , Rumsey Fred , Sim Jolene , Smith Struan R. , Spence Nicola , Stanworth Andrew , Stroh Peter , Taylor Ian , Trivedi Clare , Twyford Alex D. , Viruel Juan , Walker Kevin , Wilbraham Jo , Woodman Julian , Fay Michael F. 
Published: September 2020

Societal Impact StatementWe rely on plants and fungi for most aspects of our lives. Yet plants and fungi are under threat, and we risk losing species before we know their identity, roles, and potential uses. Knowing names, distributions, and threats are first steps toward effective conservation action. Accessible products like field guides and online resources engage society, harnessing collective support for conservation. Here, we review current knowledge of the plants and fungi of the UK and UK Overseas Territories, highlighting gaps to help direct future research efforts toward conserving these vital elements of biodiversity.SummaryThis review summarizes current knowledge of the status and threats to the plants and fungi of Great Britain and the UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs). Although the body of knowledge is considerable, the distribution of information varies substantially, and we highlight knowledge gaps. The UK vascular flora is the most well studied and we have a relatively clear picture of its 9,001 native and alien taxa. We have seedbanked 72% of the native and archaeophyte angiosperm taxa and 78% of threatened taxa. Knowledge of the UKOTs flora varies across territories and we report a UKOTs flora comprising 4,093 native and alien taxa. We have conserved 27% of the native flora and 51% of the threatened vascular plants in Kew's Millennium Seed Bank, UK. We need a better understanding of the conservation status of plants in the wild, and progress toward completion or updating national red lists varies. Site‐based protection of key plant assemblages is outlined, and progress in identifying Important Plant Areas analyzed. Knowledge of the non‐vascular flora, especially seaweeds remains patchy, particularly in many UKOTs. The biggest gaps overall are in fungi, particularly non‐lichenized fungi. Considerable investment is needed to fill these knowledge gaps and instigate effective conservation strategies.
Roles of variable linker length in dual acting virucidal entry inhibitors on HIV‐1 potency via on‐the‐fly free energy molecular simulations
Authors: Gossert Steven T. , Parajuli Bibek , Chaiken Irwin , Abrams Cameron F. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Dual‐Acting Virolytic Entry Inhibitors, or DAVEI's, are a class of recombinant chimera fusion proteins consisting of a lectin, a flexible polypeptide linker, and a fragment of the membrane‐proximal external region (MPER) of HIV‐1 gp41. DAVEIs trigger virolysis of HIV‐1 virions through interactions with the trimeric envelope glycoprotein complex (Env), though the details of these interactions are not fully determined as yet. The purpose of this work was to use structural modeling to rationalize a dependence of DAVEI potency on the molecular length of the linker connecting the two components. We used temperature accelerated molecular dynamics and on‐the‐fly parameterization to compute free energy versus end‐to‐end distance for two different linker lengths, DAVEI L0 (His6) and DAVEI L2 ([Gly4Ser]2His6). Additionally, an envelope model was created based on a cryo‐electron microscopy‐derived structure of a cleaved, soluble Env construct, with high‐mannose glycans added which served as putative docking locations for the lectin, along with MPER added that served as a putative docking location for the MPER region of DAVEI (MPERDAVEI). Using MD simulation, distances between the lectin C‐terminus and Env gp41 MPER were measured. We determined that none of the glycans were close enough to gp41 MPER to allow DAVEI L0 to function, while one, N448, will allow DAVEI L2 to function. These findings are consistent with the previously determined dependence of lytic function on DAVEI linker lengths. This supports the hypothesis that DAVEI's engage Env at both glycans and the Env MPER in causing membrane poration and lysis.
Can we really learn from the experience of others? How shared learnings can become actual change
Authors: Lodal Peter N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis presentation will recount the creation of the first safety committee at Eastman Kodak Company, and how its formation relates to one of the seminal industrial accidents of the 20th Century, the Triangle Shirtwaist fire of March 1911. The presentation will review the memo forming the Kodak Committee on Safety as well as the Triangle case history, and discuss how its impact was felt, and how changes were made at Kodak and in many other industries as a result. Available accident statistics from the early 20th century will be presented to illustrate the case for change and the need for continual review of case histories across a range of industries and activities, adopting learnings even when the event itself is not relevant to current operations.
Determination of intracellular anlotinib, osimertinib, afatinib and gefitinib accumulations in human brain microvascular endothelial cells by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ma Zhiyuan , Lu Shuanghui , Zhou Hui , Zhang Shirong , Wang Yuqing , Lin Nengming 
Published: September 2020

RationaleBrain metastases are a common complication in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Anlotinib hydrochloride is a novel multi‐target tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) exhibiting a superior overall response rate for brain metastases from NSCLC. The penetrability of anlotinib and three generations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) TKIs (osimertinib, afatinib and gefitinib) into brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) was compared.MethodsA sensitive quantification method for the four TKIs was developed using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Anlotinib and the three EGFR TKIs were separated on an ACQUITY BEH C18 column after a direct protein precipitation, and then analyzed using electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. The linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of quantification, specificity and stability were assessed.ResultsThe four analytes could be efficiently quantified in a single run of 3.8 min. The validation parameters of all analytes satisfy the acceptance criteria of bioanalytical method guidelines. The calibration range was 0.2–200 ng mL−1 for anlotinib and gefitinib, 1–500 ng mL−1 for osimertinib and 1–200 ng mL−1 for afatinib. The penetration of anlotinib across HBMECs was comparable with that of afatinib and gefitinib but less than that of osimertinib.ConclusionsA sensitive LC/MS/MS method to simultaneously measure anlotinib, osimertinib, afatinib and gefitinib in cell extracts was successfully validated and applied to determine their uptake inside HBMECs, which could pave the way for future research on the role of anlotinib in NSCLC brain metastases.
Evaluating the green growth indicators to achieve sustainable development: A novel extended interval‐valued intuitionistic fuzzy‐combined compromise solution approach
Authors: Alrasheedi Melfi , Mardani Abbas , Mishra Arunodaya R. , Streimikiene Dalia , Liao Huchang , Al‐nefaie Abdullah H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRecent years have witnessed the green growth as a renowned efficient approach to tracking the progress towards sustainable development. The paper is mainly aimed to propose an innovative extended approach based on Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) and Interval‐Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set (IVIFS); thus, it is called IVIF Combined Compromise Solution (IVIF‐CoCoSo). This study is the first effort that used the fuzzy sets theory and decision‐making technique (entitled IVIF‐CoCoSo) to rank and evaluate the indicators of green growth to sustainable manufacturing in the manufacturing sector. To reach the study objectives, a total of five indicators and 30 sub‐indicators for evaluation of green growth are collected from the existing literature review. Subsequently, this study has been extended using the IVIF‐CoCoSo approach for ranking, modeling, and evaluating the green growth indicators into sustainable manufacturing based on experts' opinions. The results of this study showed that the environmental and resource productivity of the economy indicators is more significant than the other indicators in the manufacturing sector. Moreover, findings confirmed the accuracy of the proposed method in solving the green growth problem, and comparison was also made between the results of the proposed method and some other Multi‐Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods.
Differences in depression, anxiety and stress disorders between fibromyalgia associated with rheumatoid arthritis and primary fibromyalgia
Authors: Alciati Alessandra , Cirillo Mariateresa , Masala Ignazio Francesco , Sarzi‐Puttini Piercarlo , Atzeni Fabiola 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFibromyalgia (FM) was frequently observed in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to evaluate the differences in psychiatric comorbidities and life adversities between patients with Rheumatoid arthritis + FM (secondary fibromyalgia [SFM]) and people with primary FM (PFM). In a cross‐sectional, observational study, patients with PFM and SFM underwent a structured interview for the lifetime diagnosis of major depression (MDD), panic disorder (PD) and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and were assessed for childhood/adulthood adversities and FM‐related symptoms severity. Thirty patients with PFM and 40 with SFM were recruited. The univariate analysis showed that the lifetime rates of MDD were significantly higher in PFM versus SFM (76.7 % and 40%, respectively, p < 0.003), as well as the rates of PD (50 % and 15%, respectively, p < 0.003), whereas there was no difference in PTSD rates. The rates of sexual abuse and physical neglect were significantly higher in PFM patients versus SFM patients (p < 0.005 and p < 0.023). Life events occurring before FM onset were different in PFM and SFM groups. In the logistic regression model, lifetime PD and physical neglect remain independent risk factors for PFM. PFM and SFM differ in psychiatric comorbidities and environmental adversities, suggesting that common pathogenesis may develop through different pathways.