bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Spinal Anesthesia Versus Monitored Anesthesia Care With Local Anesthesia in Minimally Invasive Fetal Surgery
Authors: Ferschl M.B. , Feiner J. , Vu L. , Smith D. , Rollins M.D. 
Published: August 2020

(Anesth Analg. 2020;130:409–415)
The most common minimally invasive fetal surgeries are selective fetoscopic laser photocoagulation to treat twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome and radiofrequency ablation using twin-reversed arterial perfusion sequence. The anesthetic techniques for these surgeries have evolved from general endotracheal anesthesia to spinal anesthesia with or without intravenous sedation in the United States, though in some other countries local anesthesia infiltration is used. This study aimed to compare spinal anesthesia and local anesthesia with or without sedation in these 2 surgeries in terms of safety and efficacy.
Ropivacaine Activates Multiple Proapoptotic and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways That Might Subsume to Trigger Epidural-related Maternal Fever
Authors: Wohlrab P. , Boehme S. , Kaun C. , Wojta J. , Spittler A. , Saleh L. , Knöfler M. , Markstaller K. , Klein K.U. , Tretter V. 
Published: August 2020

(Anesth Analg. 2020;130:321–331)
Epidural-related maternal fever (ERMF), which is associated with perinatal mortality and neonatal morbidity, occurs in up to 20% of laboring women receiving epidural analgesia. Epidural analgesia has been suspected to cause maternal fever by signaling the release of proinflammatory endogenous pyrogens. In previous studies, antibiotics did not decrease the incidence of ERMF. This study compared the effects on inflammation of ropivacaine with lidocaine in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human first trimester placental trophoblasts (TBs). The study also investigated the impact of dexamethasone, an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid.
Does Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus Improve Childbirth Conditions of Nulliparous Women Compared With Patient-controlled Epidural Analgesia? A Multicentre, Randomized, Controlled, Triple-blind Study
Authors: Morau E. , Jaillet M. , Storme B. , Nogue E. , Bonnin M. , Chassard D. , Benhamou D. , Nagot N. , Dadure C. 
Published: August 2020

(Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2019;36:755–762)
Currently about 80% of deliveries in France involve an epidural for labor analgesia. Epidural rates and programs have changed over time, but various authors have found that a programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) plus patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) demand dosing strategy for maintenance of labor analgesia decreased the rate of instrumental vaginal delivery, lessened anesthetic drug consumption and increased maternal satisfaction scores compared with a continuous background infusion+PCEA. This study aimed to investigate whether the use of a modern PIEB pump improved the mechanics of the second stage of labor compared with a conventional epidural analgesia technique.
Endometrial Ablation or Resection Versus Levonorgestrel Intra-uterine System for the Treatment of Women With Heavy Menstrual Bleeding and a Normal Uterine Cavity: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: Bergeron Catherine , Laberge Philippe Y. , Boutin Amélie , Thériault Marie-Anne , Valcourt Florence , Lemyre Madeleine , Maheux-Lacroix Sarah 
Published: August 2020

(Abstracted from Hum Reprod Update 2020;26:302–311)
One of the most common gynecological conditions, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), affects approximately 30% of women throughout their reproductive lifetime. Abnormal uterine bleeding has a significant impact on quality of life and sexual function.
Profitability of Large Pharmaceutical Companies Compared With Other Large Public Companies
Authors: Ledley Fred D. , McCoy Sarah Shonka , Vaughan Gregory , Cleary Ekaterina Galkina 
Published: August 2020

(Abstracted from JAMA 2020;323(9):834–843)
Virtually all of the US Food and Drug Administration–approved medications in the United States were developed by for-profit companies, thus demonstrating the importance of these corporations in providing medicine to the public. Understanding both drug costs and company profits is vital to creating evidence-based policies that balance the cost of medicine with the industry's ability to innovate.
Placental Growth Factor Predicts Time to Delivery in Women With Signs or Symptoms of Early Preterm Preeclampsia: A Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Barton John R. , Woelkers Doug A. , Newman Roger B. , Combs C. Andrew , How Helen Y. , Boggess Kim A. , Martin James N. , Kupfer Kenneth , Sibai Baha M. 
Published: August 2020

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020;222:259.e1–259.e11)
Preeclampsia is a complex and heterogeneous disease, with much of the associated neonatal morbidity related to issues of prematurity incurred from preterm delivery. While there has been robust association between altered concentrations of angiogenic factors, including placental growth factor (PlGF), and clinically recognized preeclampsia, the temporal relationship between these factors and the time to delivery (TTD) in women with suspected preeclampsia at less than 35 weeks of gestation has not been clarified.
Timing of Delivery in Women With Diabetes: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Metcalfe Amy , Hutcheon Jennifer A. , Sabr Yasser , Lyons Janet , Burrows Jason , Donovan Lois E. , Joseph K. S. 
Published: August 2020

(Abstracted from Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2020;99:341–349)
Pregestational and gestational diabetes have been associated with an increased risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality, including higher rates of macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, and other birth injuries. While it has been hypothesized that delivery at earlier term gestation may reduce the risk of neonatal complications associated with diabetes in pregnancy, there have been very few studies to examine the timing of delivery among women with diabetes.
Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Chou Roger , Dana Tracy , Fu Rongwei , Zakher Bernadette , Wagner Jesse , Ramirez Shaun , Grusing Sara , Jou Janice H. 
Published: August 2020

(Abstracted from JAMA 2020;323(10):976–992)
From 2013 to 2016, approximately 1.4 million people in the United States had active infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV). It is estimated that people born between 1945 and 1965 make up approximately three-quarters of HCV infections.
New guidance on the regulation of allergen products: key aspects and outcomes
Authors: Bonertz Andreas , Mahler Vera , Vieths Stefan 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
Key aspects and outcomes from the recently published guidance on the regulation of allergen products are summarized.

Recent findings
A new regulatory guideline has been published to enhance harmonized national approaches on the regulation of allergen products and thereby strengthen the availability of high-quality products across the European Union (EU). As the guideline was developed, critical aspects for allergen products regulation were identified and are discussed in the document, including recommendations on the regulatory procedures to be applied for diagnostics, allergen immunotherapy products and named-patient products.

Summary
The new guidance is expected to provide clarifications on and support harmonization of the regulation of allergen products in the EU.
Innovation Reports: Successes and Limitations for Promoting Innovation in Medical Education
Authors: Beck Jimmy B. , DeVilbiss Mary Beth , Carline Jan D. , McDaniel Corrie E. , Durning Steven J. 
Published: August 2020

In 2013, Academic Medicine introduced a new article type, Innovation Reports, with the intent to promote innovation by providing a forum for publishing promising new ideas at an early stage of development. In this article, the authors examine Innovation Reports as a means for promoting innovation within the medical education community.
The authors undertook a 2-part analysis. In July 2018, they examined submission data, Altmetric scores, and citations for the first 5 years of the feature. To explore authors’ perceptions of the impact of publishing an Innovation Report, in October 2018, they conducted a web-based survey of corresponding authors.
Between October 2013 and May 2018, 920 manuscripts were submitted under the Innovation Report category, of which 335 were sent for review and 151 were published (16% overall acceptance rate). The mean citation rate for the published Innovation Reports was 4.3 (range 0–47). The mean Altmetric Attention Score was 14.3 (range 0–441). An Altmetric score of 14 places an article in the top 20% of articles published in Academic Medicine.
The 151 published Innovation Reports had 148 unique corresponding authors, of whom 85 (57%) responded to the survey. Almost all respondents (n = 82; 96%) reported that publishing an Innovation Report promoted their individual career growth. For many corresponding authors, the publication of early ideas in an Innovation Report appeared to be an end point rather than a springboard for further development and innovation, as only 14 (16%) reported publication of a subsequent related study.
Reflecting on the successes and limitations of Innovation Reports over the first 5 years, the authors suggest that soliciting input from more stakeholders and being explicit about the goals of this article type would help inform how Innovation Reports should evolve in the future so they can better launch creative thought and spur innovation.
Prospects of molecular hydrogen in perioperative neuroprotection from basic research to clinical application
Authors: Wang Zhen , Wang Guolin , Xie Keliang 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
The current systematic review summarizes recent, basic clinical achievements regarding the neuroprotective effects of molecular hydrogen in distinct central nervous system conditions.

Recent findings
Perioperative neuroprotection remains a major topic of clinical anesthesia. Various gaseous molecules have previously been explored as a feasible therapeutic option in neurological disorders. Among them, molecular hydrogen, which has emerged as a novel and potential therapy for perioperative neuroprotection, has received much attention.

Summary
Fundamental and clinical evidence supports the antioxidant, antiinflammation, antiapoptosis and mitochondrial protective effects of hydrogen in the pathophysiology of nervous system diseases. The clinically preventive and therapeutic effects of hydrogen on different neural diseases, however, remain uncertain, and the lack of support by large randomized controlled trials has delayed its clinical application.
Ketamine: a versatile tool for anesthesia and analgesia
Authors: Barrett William , Buxhoeveden Michael , Dhillon Sabrina 
Published: August 2020

Purpose of review
Ketamine has been used for decades for a variety of indications. Beyond the historical benefits and effects of ketamine, newer developments have occurred worthy of an update. This review will discuss common uses and indications for ketamine in the perioperative setting, as well as highlight newer indications in recent years.

Recent findings
Multiple studies have examined the use of ketamine in a variety of environments, as ketamine has become more popular in emergency rooms and ICUs. Ketamine may be particularly beneficial in management of burn patients, who often require multiple procedures over the course of their treatment. Ketamine's role in the ongoing opioid crisis has been of particular interest, with multiple studies evaluating its potential role in managing both acute and chronic pain conditions. Ongoing studies examining the role of ketamine in treatment of depressions show promise as well.

Summary
Ketamine is regaining popularity in the field of anesthesia and beyond. New studies provide insight on the many indications and use that anesthesia providers may encounter during their perioperative care of patients. Ongoing research is needed to further elucidate ketamine's effects on the management of psychiatric conditions and potential indications for ketamine metabolites.
A Maternal-Administered Multimodal Neonatal Bundle in Hospitalized Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Letzkus Lisa , Alonzo Corrie , Connaughton Elizabeth , Kelly Nancy , Zanelli Santina 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Premature infants are at an increased risk for developing cerebral palsy (CP). Evidence-based strategies designed to promote healthy brain development and facilitate adaptation after brain injury in infants still admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) represent a novel approach that may lead to improved long-term outcomes.

Purpose:
To investigate the feasibility of a maternal-administered early intervention bundle in very preterm infants prior to NICU discharge.

Methods:
A pilot trial evaluating a maternal-administered NICU-based bundle of interventions in preterm infants (≤32 weeks' gestational age and/or ≤1500 g birth weight). The impact of the bundle on short-term developmental outcomes of infants, as well as maternal stress, anxiety, and depression, is evaluated.

Results:
The intervention bundle was implemented in 11 mother–infant dyads (including 1 set of twins) for a median of 8 weeks and was overall well received. Vocal soothing, scent exchange, and comforting touch were feasible, performed at or above the predetermined goal of 71% of the time (5/7 days), while kangaroo care and infant massage were not. Maternal stress, anxiety, and depression were decreased during the study time.

Implications to Practice:
A neonatal multimodal intervention bundle provided by mothers is feasible.

Implications to Research:
Additional randomized controlled studies are needed to determine whether this type of bundled interventions can (1) improve the neurodevelopmental outcomes of participating infants and (2) improve long-term parental outcomes, including decreased burden of anxiety and depression, as well as improved attachment and optimal patterns of social interaction.
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Admission Temperatures of Infants 1500 g or More
Authors: Apanovitch Audrey R. , McGrath Jacqueline M. , McGlothen-Bell Kelly , Briere Carrie-Ellen 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Smaller preterm infants often receive extra attention with implementation of additional thermoregulation interventions in the delivery room. Yet, these bundles of interventions have largely remained understudied in larger infants.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate initial (or admission) temperatures of infants born weighing 1500 g or more with diagnoses requiring admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods:
Retrospective medical record review of 388 infants weighing 1500 g or more admitted to the NICU between January 2016 and June 2017.

Result:
In total, 42.5% of infants weighing 1500 g or more were admitted hypothermic (<36.5°C), 54.4% with a normothermic temperature, and 2.8% were hyperthermic. Of those infants admitted hypothermic, 30.4% had an admission temperature ranging from 36°C to 36.4°C and 12.1% had an admission temperature of less than 36°C. When compared with infants weighing less than 1500 g, who were born at the same institution and received extra thermal support interventions, there was a statistically significant difference (P < .001) between admission temperatures where infants less than 1500 g were slightly warmer (36.8°C vs 36.5°C).

Implications for Practice:
Ongoing admission temperature monitoring of all infants requiring NICU admission regardless of birth weight or admission diagnosis is important if we are going to provide the best support to decrease mortality and morbidity for this high-risk population.

Implications for Research:
While this study examined short-term outcomes, effects on long-term outcomes were not addressed. Findings could be used to design targeted interventions to support thermal regulation for all high-risk infants.

Conclusion:
Neonates admitted to the NICU weighing 1500 g or more are at high risk for developing hypothermia, similar to smaller preterm infants.
Prediction of the Functional Status of the Cochlear Nerve in Individual Cochlear Implant Users Using Machine Learning and Electrophysiological Measures
Authors: Skidmore Jeffrey , Xu Lei , Chao Xiuhua , Riggs William J. , Pellittieri Angela , Vaughan Chloe , Ning Xia , Wang Ruijie , Luo Jianfen , He Shuman 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
This study aimed to create an objective predictive model for assessing the functional status of the cochlear nerve (CN) in individual cochlear implant (CI) users.

Design:
Study participants included 23 children with cochlear nerve deficiency (CND), 29 children with normal-sized CNs (NSCNs), and 20 adults with various etiologies of hearing loss. Eight participants were bilateral CI users and were tested in both ears. As a result, a total of 80 ears were tested in this study. All participants used Cochlear Nucleus CIs in their test ears. For each participant, the CN refractory recovery function and input/output (I/O) function were measured using electrophysiological measures of the electrically evoked compound action potential (eCAP) at three electrode sites across the electrode array. Refractory recovery time constants were estimated using statistical modeling with an exponential decay function. Slopes of I/O functions were estimated using linear regression. The eCAP parameters used as input variables in the predictive model were absolute refractory recovery time estimated based on the refractory recovery function, eCAP threshold, slope of the eCAP I/O function, and negative-peak (i.e., N1) latency. The output variable of the predictive model was CN index, an indicator for the functional status of the CN. Predictive models were created by performing linear regression, support vector machine regression, and logistic regression with eCAP parameters from children with CND and the children with NSCNs. One-way analysis of variance with post hoc analysis with Tukey’s honest significant difference criterion was used to compare study variables among study groups.

Results:
All three machine learning algorithms created two distinct distributions of CN indices for children with CND and children with NSCNs. Variations in CN index when calculated using different machine learning techniques were observed for adult CI users. Regardless of these variations, CN indices calculated using all three techniques in adult CI users were significantly correlated with Consonant–Nucleus–Consonant word and AzBio sentence scores measured in quiet. The five oldest CI users had smaller CN indices than the five youngest CI users in this study.

Conclusions:
The functional status of the CN for individual CI users was estimated by our newly developed analytical models. Model predictions of CN function for individual adult CI users were positively and significantly correlated with speech perception performance. The models presented in this study may be useful for understanding and/or predicting CI outcomes for individual patients.
Cortical Tracking of Speech in Delta Band Relates to Individual Differences in Speech in Noise Comprehension in Older Adults
Authors: McHaney Jacie R. , Gnanateja G. Nike , Smayda Kirsten E. , Zinszer Benjamin D. , Chandrasekaran Bharath 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
Understanding speech in adverse listening environments is challenging for older adults. Individual differences in pure tone averages and working memory are known to be critical indicators of speech in noise comprehension. Recent studies have suggested that tracking of the speech envelope in cortical oscillations <8 Hz may be an important mechanism related to speech comprehension by segmenting speech into words and phrases (delta, 1 to 4 Hz) or phonemes and syllables (theta, 4 to 8 Hz). The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which individual differences in pure tone averages, working memory, and cortical tracking of the speech envelope relate to speech in noise comprehension in older adults.

Design:
Cortical tracking of continuous speech was assessed using electroencephalography in older adults (60 to 80 years). Participants listened to speech in quiet and in the presence of noise (time-reversed speech) and answered comprehension questions. Participants completed Forward Digit Span and Backward Digit Span as measures of working memory, and pure tone averages were collected. An index of reduction in noise (RIN) was calculated by normalizing the difference between raw cortical tracking in quiet and in noise.

Results:
Comprehension question performance was greater for speech in quiet than for speech in noise. The relationship between RIN and speech in noise comprehension was assessed while controlling for the effects of individual differences in pure tone averages and working memory. Delta band RIN correlated with speech in noise comprehension, while theta band RIN did not.

Conclusions:
Cortical tracking by delta oscillations is robust to the effects of noise. These findings demonstrate that the magnitude of delta band RIN relates to individual differences in speech in noise comprehension in older adults. Delta band RIN may serve as a neural metric of speech in noise comprehension beyond the effects of pure tone averages and working memory.
New Metrics Needed in the Evaluation of Hearing Hazard Associated With Industrial Noise Exposure
Authors: Zhang Meibian , Xie Hongwei , Zhou Jiena , Sun Xin , Hu Weijiang , Zou Hua , Zhou Lifang , Li Jingsong , Zhang Ming , Kardous Chucri A. , Morata Thais C. , Murphy William J. , Zhang Jane Hongyuan , Qiu Wei 
Published: August 2020

Objectives:
To evaluate (1) the accuracy of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard ISO 1999 [(2013), International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland] predictions of noise-induced permanent threshold shift (NIPTS) in workers exposed to various types of high-intensity noise levels, and (2) the role of the kurtosis metric in assessing noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL).

Design:
Audiometric and shift-long noise exposure data were acquired from a population (N = 2,333) of screened workers from 34 industries in China. The entire cohort was exclusively divided into subgroups based on four noise exposure levels (85 ≤ LAeq.8h < 88, 88 ≤ LAeq.8h < 91, 91 ≤ LAeq.8h < 94, and 94 ≤ LAeq.8h ≤ 100 dBA), two exposure durations (D ≤ 10 years and D > 10 years), and four kurtosis categories (Gaussian, low-, medium-, and high-kurtosis). Predicted NIPTS was calculated using the ISO 1999 model for each participant and the actual measured NIPTS was corrected for age and sex also using ISO 1999. The prediction accuracy of the ISO 1999 model was evaluated by comparing the NIPTS predicted by ISO 1999 with the actual NIPTS. The relation between kurtosis and NIPTS was also investigated.

Results:
Overall, using the average NIPTS value across the four audiometric test frequencies (2, 3, 4, and 6 kHz), the ISO 1999 predictions significantly (p < 0.001) underestimated the NIPTS by 7.5 dB on average in participants exposed to Gaussian noise and by 13.6 dB on average in participants exposed to non-Gaussian noise with high kurtosis. The extent of the underestimation of NIPTS by ISO 1999 increased with an increase in noise kurtosis value. For a fixed range of noise exposure level and duration, the actual measured NIPTS increased as the kurtosis of the noise increased. The noise with kurtosis greater than 75 produced the highest NIPTS.

Conclusions:
The applicability of the ISO 1999 prediction model to different types of noise exposures needs to be carefully reexamined. A better understanding of the role of the kurtosis metric in NIHL may lead to its incorporation into a new and more accurate model of hearing loss due to noise exposure.