bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key Principles for Managing Recovery of Kelp Forests through Restoration
Authors: Morris Rebecca L , Hale Robin , Strain Elisabeth M A , Reeves Simon E , Vergés Adriana , Marzinelli Ezequiel M , Layton Cayne , Shelamoff Victor , Graham Tristan D J , Chevalier Mathilde , Swearer Stephen E 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere is increasing interest in mitigating the loss of kelp forests through restoration, but this has received scant attention relative to other coastal habitats. We evaluate current knowledge centered on key restoration principles to provide guidelines for best practice in kelp restoration. The cause and scale of degradation is fundamental in determining if kelp can be restored and the methods required to promote reestablishment. Removal of stressors may be adequate to achieve restoration goals where degradation is not too widespread or acute. Extensive losses of kelp forests will often require active reseeding of areas because of the low dispersal ability of many kelp species. Restoration efforts have generally taken a trial-and-error approach at experimental scales to develop techniques for establishing individuals. Furthermore, studies that inform cost–benefit analysis and the appropriate spatial scales for restoration of sustainable kelp forests are urgently needed for prioritizing and scaling up restoration efforts globally.
Synchronous UPLC Resolution of Aceclofenac and Diacerin in Their Powdered Forms and Matrix Formulation: Stability Study
Authors: Abd El-Rahman Mohamed K , Ahmed Dina A , Weshahy Soheir A , Lotfy Hayam M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Accurate, rapid and selective reversed phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography method with UV detection has been established and validated for the synchronous determination of aceclofenac (ACE) and diacerin (DIA) in the occurrence of diclofenac sodium and rhein, their main degradation products, respectively. Chromatographic separation was accomplished using Inertsil C-18 column (50 × 2.1 mm i.d., 1.7 μm particle size) in isocratic mode, with mobile phase consisting of 20 mM ammonium acetate buffer:acetonitrile in the ratio of 42:58 (v/v), pH adjusted to 3.00 by using 10% acetic acid, the flow rate of 0.25 mL/min and UV detection was performed at 265 nm. The retention times were 2.00 +/− 0.24, 2.69 +/− 0.19, 4.00 +/− 0.23 and 5.24 +/− 0.25 min for DIA, rhein, ACE and diclofenac sodium, respectively. Excellent linearity was shown over a range of 1.0–150.0 μg/mL and 0.5–87.5 μg/mL with mean percentage recoveries of 98.87 ± 1.19 and 98.84 ± 1.08 for ACE and DIA, respectively. Parameters of precision and accuracy of the method meet the established criteria. The obtained RSD values were quite low and indicate good reproducibility of the method. Thus, the developed method can be used for the combined dosage form analysis and its chemical stability studies.
Artificial Bee Colony–Based Feature Selection Algorithm for Cyberbullying
Authors: Sarac Essiz Esra , Oturakci Murat 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
As a nature-inspired algorithm, artificial bee colony (ABC) is an optimization algorithm that is inspired by the search behaviour of honey bees. The main aim of this study is to examine the effects of the ABC-based feature selection algorithm on classification performance for cyberbullying, which has become a significant worldwide social issue in recent years. With this purpose, the classification performance of the proposed ABC-based feature selection method is compared with three different traditional methods such as information gain, ReliefF and chi square. Experimental results present that ABC-based feature selection method outperforms than three traditional methods for the detection of cyberbullying. The Macro averaged F_measure of the data set is increased from 0.659 to 0.8 using proposed ABC-based feature selection method.
Determining Exact Solutions for Structural Parameters on Hierarchical Networks With Density Feature
Authors: Ma Fei , Wang Ping 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The problem of determining closed-form solutions for some structural parameters of great interest on networked models is meaningful and intriguing. In this paper, we propose a family of networked models $\mathcal{G}_{n}(t)$ with hierarchical structure where $t$ represents time step and $n$ is copy number. And then, we study some structural parameters on the proposed models $\mathcal{G}_{n}(t)$ in more detail. The results show that (i) models $\mathcal{G}_{n}(t)$ follow power-law distribution with exponent $2$ and thus exhibit density feature; (ii) models $\mathcal{G}_{n}(t)$ have both higher clustering coefficients and an ultra-small diameter and so display small-world property; and (iii) models $\mathcal{G}_{n}(t)$ possess rich mixing structure because Pearson-correlated coefficients undergo phase transitions unseen in previously published networked models. In addition, we also consider trapping problem on networked models $\mathcal{G}_{n}(t)$ and then precisely derive a solution for average trapping time $ATT$. More importantly, the analytic value for $ATT$ can be approximately equal to the theoretical lower bound in the large graph size limit, implying that models $\mathcal{G}_{n}(t)$ are capable of having most optimal trapping efficiency. As a result, we also derive exact solution for another significant parameter, Kemeny’s constant. Furthermore, we conduct extensive simulations that are in perfect agreement with all the theoretical deductions.
Bisonic Mechanical Wing Songs and Complex Kinematics in Aerial Displays of the Subtropical Doradito (Pseudocolopteryx acutipennis)
Authors: Jordan Emilio A , Areta Juan I 
Published: May 2020

Synopsis
Loud mechanical sounds with a communication role are called sonations. Male Subtropical Doraditos (Pseudocolopteryx acutipennis) exhibit five conspicuously modified primaries suspected of sonating. Here we (1) describe feather modifications, (2) describe three different territorial/aggressive contexts for these sounds: one-perch aerial displays (1PADs), two-PADs, and Chukrut pursuits, (3) investigate the kinematics of the most common display (1PADs) and the physical mechanisms of sonation using synchronized high-speed video and audio, and (4) assess the roles of modified wing feathers in all contexts by experimental manipulation in four individuals. Primaries p3–p7 were modified in adult males but not in females: p3 was pointed with a reduced distal third to the outer vane; p4 and p5 were slim and falciform with pointed tips curved outwards; p6 was broad, massive, and subtly S-shaped, with a spatulate tip; and p7 was large with the distal third of the outer vane abruptly reduced, and the inner vane with a shallow concave sub-apical emargination. One-PADs consisted of perched short nasal introductory syllables accelerating until the bird performed a super-rapid circular flight of ∽15 cm in diameter from and to the same branch, during which two syringeal syllables and three mechanical syllables were given (chik… chik…. chik-chik frrrottt). The syllables were produced during rapid downstrokes by fluttering feathers and were bisonic, being conformed by two simultaneous main tonal, flat, narrow band sounds: a low-pitched note (f0 ∽1 kHz) and a high-pitched note (f0 ∽3.7 kHz). Primary p7 is the necessary and sufficient sound source of the low-pitched note (removal of p7 caused the sound to disappear) and p3 is the sound source of the high-pitched note, being necessary but perhaps not sufficient (removal of p3 caused the sound to disappear); the other modified feathers seem involved in different roles related to either producing the sonation (p4 and p5 interacting with p3) or allowing it (p6 raising dorsally letting p7 flutter freely; removal of p6 did not affect sound production). The specialized shape of p6 might be compromised to allow sonation of p7 without losing flight functionality. Sonations in Subtropical Doraditos occupy the position of the vocal flourish in the songs of other Pseudocolopteryx suggesting the evolutionary replacement of vocal by mechanical sounds. We propose that wing songs in flying birds may be constrained to occur in temporally broken patterns due to intrinsic features of flapped flight and structurally constrained by the demands of creating an airfoil.
Managing Burns During COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Saha Shivangi , Kumar Aditya , Dash Suvashis , Singhal Maneesh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The coronavirus disease pandemic has affected our practice as healthcare professionals. As burn surgeons, we are obliged to provide the best possible care to our patients. However, due to the risk of viral transmission, the goal should be to provide safe care to our patients as well as ensure the safety of the whole team providing burn care. The burn patients are usually debilitated and require a prolonged hospital stay and multiple operative procedures which put them and everyone involved in their care at increased risk of coronavirus infections and transmission. This warrants special caution to the burn team while managing such patients. In this review, we aim to highlight the key considerations for burn care teams while dealing with burn patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Novel Experimental Methods for the Investigation of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae
Authors: Gold Moritz , Binggeli Melanie , Kurt Fabienne , de Wouters Tomas , Reichlin Markus , Zurbrügg Christian , Mathys Alexander , Kreuzer Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLarge-scale insect rearing for food and feed production can be improved by understanding diet digestion and host–microbe interactions. To examine these processes in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.; Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae, two protocols were developed. Protocol 1 describes a method to produce viable, sterile black soldier fly larvae and a gentle method for diet sterilization. Sterile black soldier fly larvae can be used to study the diverse role of microbes in larval development. Nutrient requirements of sterile black soldier fly larvae are met only through diet. Viable sterile black soldier fly larvae were consistently generated using a four-step treatment with alternating immersions of eggs for 2 min each in ethanol (70%) and sodium hypochlorite (0.6%), over two cycles. A nonthermal method of diet sterilization, namely high-energy electron beam (HEEB) treatment, was introduced. Subsequently, growth of sterile black soldier fly larvae was observed on the HEEB-treated diets (40, 60, and 40% of replicates with poultry feed, liver pie, and an artificial diet, respectively) but not on autoclaved diets. In Protocol 2, we propose a novel method to collect frass from individual larvae. We then measured the metabolites in frass, using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Results on metabolites confirmed the influence of digestion. For instance, succinate increased from 1 to 2 and 7 μmol/g sample from diet to gut homogenate and frass, respectively. The collection method is a promising tool to estimate the diet and nutrient requirements of black soldier fly larvae, thus increasing the performance and reliability of black soldier fly larvae rearing. We discuss in detail the possible applications and limitations of our methods in black soldier fly larvae research.
Dysregulation of the MMP/TIMP Proteolytic System in Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytomas in Patients With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Modulation of MMP by MicroRNA-320d In Vitro
Authors: Bongaarts Anika , de Jong Jody M , Broekaart Diede W M , van Scheppingen Jackelien , Anink Jasper J , Mijnsbergen Caroline , Jansen Floor E , Spliet Wim G M , den Dunnen Wilfred F A , Gruber Victoria E , Scholl Theresa , Hainfellner Johannes A , Feucht Martha , Borkowska Julita , Kotulska Katarzyna , Jozwiak Sergiusz , Grajkowska Wieslawa , Buccoliero Anna Maria , Caporalini Chiara , Giordano Flavio , Genitori Lorenzo , Scicluna Brendon P , Schouten-van Meeteren Antoinette Y N , van Vliet Erwin A , Mühlebner Angelika , Mills James D , Aronica Eleonora 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a rare genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the TSC1 or TSC2 gene, is characterized by the growth of hamartomas in several organs. This includes the growth of low-grade brain tumors, known as subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGA). Previous studies have shown differential expression of genes related to the extracellular matrix in SEGA. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) are responsible for remodeling the extracellular matrix and are associated with tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate the MMP/TIMP proteolytic system in SEGA and the regulation of MMPs by microRNAs, which are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. We investigated the expression of MMPs and TIMPs using previously produced RNA-Sequencing data, real-time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry in TSC-SEGA samples and controls. We found altered expression of several MMPs and TIMPs in SEGA compared to controls. We identified the lowly expressed miR-320d in SEGA as a potential regulator of MMPs, which can decrease MMP2 expression in human fetal astrocyte cultures. This study provides evidence of a dysregulated MMP/TIMP proteolytic system in SEGA of which MMP2 could be rescued by microRNA-320d. Therefore, further elucidating microRNA-mediated MMP regulation may provide insights into SEGA pathogenesis and identify novel therapeutic targets.
MEK Inhibition Suppresses Growth of Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors
Authors: Shahab Shubin , Rubens Jeffrey , Kaur Harpreet , Sweeney Heather , Eberhart Charles G , Raabe Eric H 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid (AT/RT) tumors are the most common malignant brain tumor of infancy and have a poor prognosis. We have previously identified very high expression of LIN28A and/or LIN28B in AT/RT tumors and showed that AT/RT have corresponding increased expression of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. Binimetinib is a novel inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP2K1 or MEK), and is currently in pediatric phase II clinical trials for low-grade glioma. We hypothesized that binimetinib would inhibit growth of AT/RT cells by suppressing the MAP kinase pathway. Binimetinib inhibited AT/RT growth at nanomolar concentrations. Binimetinib decreased cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in AT/RT cells and significantly reduced AT/RT tumor growth in flank xenografts. Our data suggest that MAP kinase pathway inhibition could offer a potential avenue for treating these highly aggressive tumors.
Ventilated Upper Airway Endoscopic Endonasal Procedure Mask: Surgical Safety in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Helman Samuel N , Soriano Roberto M , Tomov Martin L , Serpooshan Vahid , Levy Joshua M , Pradilla Gustavo , Solares C Arturo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

BACKGROUND
COVID-19 poses a risk to the endoscopic skull base surgeon. Significant efforts to improving safety have been employed, including the use of personal protective equipment, preoperative COVID-19 testing, and recently the use of a modified surgical mask barrier.

OBJECTIVE
To reduce the risks of pathogen transmission during endoscopic skull base surgery.

METHODS
This study was exempt from Institutional Review Board approval. Our study utilizes a 3-dimensional (3D)-printed mask with an anterior aperture fitted with a surgical glove with ports designed to allow for surgical instrumentation and side ports to accommodate suction ventilation and an endotracheal tube. As an alternative, a modified laparoscopic surgery trocar served as a port for instruments, and, on the contralateral side, rubber tubing was used over the endoscrub endosheath to create an airtight seal. Surgical freedom and aerosolization were tested in both modalities.

RESULTS
The ventilated mask allowed for excellent surgical maneuverability and freedom. The trocar system was effective for posterior surgical procedures, allowing access to critical paramedian structures, and afforded a superior surgical seal, but was limited in terms of visualization and maneuverability during anterior approaches. Aerosolization was reduced using both the mask and nasal trocar.

CONCLUSION
The ventilated upper airway endoscopic procedure mask allows for a sealed surgical barrier during endoscopic skull base surgery and may play a critical role in advancing skull base surgery in the COVID-19 era. The nasal trocar may be a useful alternative in instances where 3D printing is not available. Additional studies are needed to validate these preliminary findings.
Doctors in China Need More Power of Discourse
Authors: Si Yuhao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
COVID-19 that developed in late 2019 and 2020 is a severe threat to human health. The tragedy of Dr Li Wenliang, the whistleblower, revealed a current status of doctors’ insufficient power of disclosure. Therefore, prompt and effective actions warrant to be taken by the government and public to improve Chinese doctors’ power of disclosure. A medical system based on the improved doctors’ power of disclosure is beneficial to disease prevention in an extended period.
Contesting Inequality: The Impact of Immigrant Legal Status and Education on Legal Knowledge and Claims-Making in Low-Wage Labor Markets
Authors: Patler Caitlin , Gleeson Shannon , Schonlau Matthias 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLow-wage Latina/o workers are subject to an array of workplace abuses. This study focuses on whether educational attainment may moderate inequality in knowledge or claims-making across individuals with different legal statuses. This question is motivated by research which, while highlighting the role of education in promoting civic and political engagement, has not examined the interaction between education and legal status for worker claims-making. We draw from the 2008 Unregulated Work Survey, which is representative of the 1.64 million low-wage workers in Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York, three of the largest immigrant destinations in the United States. Using the Latina/o subsample, we test whether education impacts workers’ procedural knowledge of the claims process, as well as their actual claims-making behavior, across four categories of workers: U.S.-born citizens, naturalized citizens, documented noncitizens, and undocumented noncitizens. Our findings reveal that all noncitizens have lower levels of procedural knowledge about how to file a complaint with the government, compared to citizens, across educational levels. However, when it comes to claims-making, we find that education has significant positive impacts for noncitizen workers, especially the undocumented. Our results suggest that education may improve the workplace agency of even the most marginalized workers.
Liquid profiling in plants: identification and analysis of extracellular metabolites and miRNAs in pollination drops of Ginkgo biloba
Authors: Lu Zhaogeng , Jiang Bei , Zhao Beibei , Mao Xinyu , Lu Jinkai , Jin Biao , Wang Li 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The pollination drop (PD), also known as an ovular secretion, is a critical feature of most wind-pollinated gymnosperms and function as an essential component of pollination systems. However, the metabolome and small RNAs of gymnosperm PDs are largely unknown. We employed gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to identify a total of 101 metabolites in Ginkgo biloba L. PDs. The most abundant metabolites were sugars (45.70%), followed by organic acids (15.94%) and alcohols (15.39%) involved in carbohydrate metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. Through pollen culture of the PDs, we further demonstrated that the metabolic components of PDs are indispensable for pollen germination and growth; in particular, organic acids and fatty acids play defensive roles against microbial activity. In addition, we successfully constructed a small RNA library and detected 45 known and 550 novel miRNAs in G. biloba PDs. Interestingly, in a comparative analysis of miRNA expression between PDs and ovules, we found that most of the known miRNAs identified in PDs were also expressed in the ovules, implying that miRNAs in PDs may originate from ovules. Further, combining with potential target prediction, degradome validation and transcriptome sequencing, we identified that the interactions of several known miRNAs and their targets in PDs are involved in carbohydrate metabolism, hormone signaling and defense response pathways, consistent with the metabolomics results. Our results broaden the knowledge of metabolite profiling and potential functional roles in gymnosperm PDs and provide the first evidence of extracellular miRNA functions in ovular secretions from gymnosperms.
Cladistic analysis ofLigyra sensu lato(Diptera: Bombyliidae), with description of a new genus
Authors: Márquez-Acero Ángela Sabrina , Lambkin Christine L , Lamas Carlos José Einicker 
Published: May 2020

AbstractExoprosopini is one of the largest tribes of bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). It is divided into 21 genera of which only Ligyra has a cosmopolitan distribution. The genus Ligyra s.l. has 111 species, 20 of which have been recorded in the New World. A cladistic analysis was implemented with aims to establish the phylogenetic relationships of Ligyra species and to test the monophyly of the genus. A matrix of morphological characters available in the literature was used. The cladistic analysis had 97 terminal taxa and 207 morphological characters resulting in 12 maximum parsimonious trees (MPTs). Our investigation shows variations in the phylogenetic status of Exoprosopini genera when compared to the previous hypothesis, especially for Euligyra and Ligyra s.s., and the relationships between Euligyra, Hyperalonia, Ligyra s.s. and Litorhina. Cladistic analysis clarified the phylogenetic relationships within Ligyra s.l. The New World fauna previously included in Ligyra are placed in a new genus, herein erected. A novel monophyletic clade is composed of the genera: Euligyra, Hyperalonia, Ligyra s.s. and Nyia gen. nov. Our results also support the resurrection of Anthrax trifigurata from synonymy with Ligyra cerberus and its new combination with the new erected genus as Nyia trifiguratacomb. nov. & stat. rev.