bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Low Incidence of Mid-infrared Variability in Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Secrest Nathan J. , Satyapal Shobita 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Using 8.4 yr of photometry from the AllWISE/NEOWISE multi-epoch catalogs, we compare the mid-infrared variability properties of a sample of 2197 dwarf galaxies (M
⋆ < 2 × 109
h
−2
M
☉) to a sample of 6591 more massive galaxies (M
⋆ ≥ 1010
h
−2
M
☉) matched in mid-infrared apparent magnitude. We find only two dwarf galaxies with mid-infrared variability, a factor of ∼10 less frequent than the more massive galaxies (p = 6 × 10−6), consistent with previous findings of optical variability in low-mass and dwarf galaxies using data with a similar baseline and cadence. Within the more massive control galaxy population, we see no evidence for a stellar mass dependence of mid-infrared variability, suggesting that this apparent reduction in the frequency of variable objects occurs below a stellar mass of ∼1010
h
−2
M
☉. Compared to the more massive galaxies, active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selected in dwarf galaxies using either their mid-infrared color or optical emission-line classification are systematically missed by variability selection. Our results suggest, in agreement with previous optical studies at similar cadence, that variability selection of AGNs in dwarf galaxies is ineffective unless higher-cadence data are used.
The Relaxation of Reconnected Open Magnetic Field Lines in the Earth’s Magnetosphere
Authors: Xu Jiaying , Xu Xiaojun , Wang Jing , Ye Yudong , Chang Qing , Xu Qi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental and important physical process that can release magnetic energy and change magnetic topology. A statistic study of reconnected magnetic field lines has been carried out by Cluster spacecraft 1 during 58 current sheet crossing events. We calculated the values of

at different distances from reconnection site to describe the loosing process of magnetic field lines. Our results suggest that current sheets in ion diffusion regions have small values of

. As the distance from reconnection site increases, the reconnected magnetic field lines relax, and subsequently have relatively large values of

. However, such large values of

are found to be closely related to open magnetic field lines that connect the Earth’s magnetosphere and the solar wind.
An Equation of State for Magnetized Neutron Star Matter and Tidal Deformation in Neutron Star Mergers
Authors: Patra N. K. , Malik Tuhin , Sen Debashree , Jha T. K. , Mishra Hiranmaya 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We derive an equation of state (EOS) for magnetized charge-neutral nuclear matter relevant for a neutron star (NS). The calculations are performed within an effective chiral model based on the generalization of the σ model with nonlinear self-interactions of the σ mesons along with the ρ−σ cross-coupling term. This model is extended by introducing the contributions of a strong magnetic field on the charged particles. The contributions arising from the effects of the magnetic field on the Dirac sea of charged baryons are also included. The resulting EOS for the magnetized dense matter is used to investigate the NS properties like its mass, radius, and tidal deformability. The magnitude of the magnetic field at the core of the NS considered here is in the range of 1015–1018 G, for which the relative deformation from spherical symmetry turns out to be less than 1%, giving a post facto justification for the spherically symmetric treatment of the NS structure. The dimensionless tidal deformability Λ1.4 is 526 for an NS with mass 1.4 M
⊙, which is consistent with the recent observation of GW 170817. The maximum mass of the NS in the presence of a strong magnetic field is consistent with the observational constraints on the mass of the pulsar PSR J0348–0432, and its radius at a mass of 1.4 M
⊙ is also in agreement with the empirical bounds.
Ultradense Gas at the Dusty Torus Scale in a Partially Obscured Quasar
Authors: Li Zhenzhen , Zhou Hongyan , Hao Lei , Shi Xiheng , Zhang Shaohua , Ji Tuo , Sun Luming , Dai Xuejie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We present detailed studies of the partially obscured quasar 2MASS J151653.23+190048.2 with continuous broadband spectrophotometry from near-infrared (NIR) through optical to ultraviolet (UV). The NIR and optical spectra show strong broad emission lines, while the UV spectrum is dominated by a set of rich intermediate-width emission lines (IELs). These IELs, unshifted with respect to the quasar systemic velocity measured by narrow emission lines, share a common profile of about 1900

in FWHM, in contrast to the Balmer and Paschen broad emission lines of FWHM ∼6300

observed in the optical and NIR. The intermediate width of these lines indicates that the emitting gas may come from the dusty torus region. However, the observed peculiar IEL intensity ratios, such as N v
λ1240/Lyα, indicate that the emitting gas has a very high density, up to

. Such a high density is unusual for gas around the dusty torus region, except that we consider mechanisms such as shocks that can produce local ultradense gas. We speculate that these emission lines could originate from the shock region, possibly induced by the quasar outflow colliding with the inner wall of the dusty torus. If true, this may give us an opportunity to peep at the quasar outflows at the scale of the dusty torus that have so far been elusive due to the limited resolving powers of existing facilities.
Substructure in the Globular Cluster Populations of the Virgo Cluster Elliptical Galaxies M84 and M86
Authors: Lambert Ryan A. , Rhode Katherine L. , Vesperini Enrico 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We have carried out a search for substructure within the globular cluster (GC) systems of M84 (NGC 4374) and M86 (NGC 4406), two giant elliptical galaxies in the Virgo Cluster. We use wide-field (36′ × 36′), multicolor broadband imaging to identify GC candidates in these two galaxies, as well as several other nearby lower-mass galaxies. Our analysis of the spatial locations of the GC candidates reveals several substructures, including a peak in the projected number density of GCs in M86 that is offset from the system center and may be at least partly due to the presence of the dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC 4406B, a bridge that connects the M84 and M86 GC systems, and a boxy isodensity contour along the southeast side of the M86 GC system. We divide our sample into red (metal-rich) and blue (metal-poor) GC candidates to look for differences in the spatial distributions of the two populations and find that the blue cluster candidates are the dominant population in each of the substructures we identify. We also incorporate the measurements from two radial velocity surveys of the GCs in the region and find that the bridge substructure is populated by GCs with a mix of velocities that are consistent with either M86 and M84, possibly providing further evidence for interaction signatures between the two galaxies.
Retention of Long-period Gas Giant Planets: Type II Migration Revisited
Authors: Chen 陈逸 Yi-Xian 贤 , Zhang 张晓 Xiaojia 佳 , Li 李亚 Ya-Ping 平 , Li 李 Hui 晖 , Lin 林 Douglas N. C. 潮 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
During their formation, emerging protoplanets tidally interact with their natal disks. Proto–gas giant planets, with Hill radii larger than the disk thickness, open gaps and quench gas flow in the vicinity of their orbits. It is usually assumed that their type II migration is coupled to the viscous evolution of the disk. Although this hypothesis provides an explanation for the origin of close-in planets, it also encounters a predicament on the retention of long-period orbits for most gas giant planets. Moreover, numerical simulations indicate that the planets’ migrations are not solely determined by the viscous diffusion of their natal disk. Here we carry out a series of hydrodynamic simulations combined with analytic studies to examine the transition between different paradigms of type II migration. We find a range of planetary mass for which gas continues to flow through a severely depleted gap so that the surface density distribution in the disk region beyond the gap is maintained in a quasi-steady state. The associated gap profile modifies the location of corotation and Lindblad resonances. In the proximity of the planet’s orbit, high-order Lindblad and corotation torque are weakened by the gas depletion in the gap, while low-order Lindblad torques near the gap walls preserve their magnitude. Consequently, the intrinsic surface density distribution of the disk delicately determines both the pace and direction of the planets’ type II migration. We show that this effect might stall the inward migration of giant planets and preserve them in disk regions where the surface density is steep.
Intended and Actual Outcomes of Study Abroad Programs: Nursing Students' Experiences
Authors: Trapani Josef , Cassar Maria 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Many nursing students participate in study abroad opportunities; yet, few studies explore their experiences. Given the increasing emphasis on evaluating the quality of higher education internationalization, this study explored the motivations for, and outcomes of, Maltese nursing students' Erasmus+ exchanges against the program's intended outcomes.

Method:
Sixty-five Erasmus+ mobility participants completed an online questionnaire (response rate = 44.8%), and 16 participated in a 2-hour focus group.

Results:
Participants overwhelmingly agreed that intended outcomes of the Erasmus+ program were achieved. Thematic analysis revealed five themes: Enhanced Employability as a Nurse; Exposure to Nursing Beyond the National Shores; Personal Growth; Context-Sensitivity of Nursing Care Delivery; Language and Citizenship.

Conclusion:

These positive experiences confirm that nurse educators should continue encouraging and facilitating study abroad experiences, and that such opportunities should be offered to even more students. However, more research is required to explore any negative outcomes of student mobility and whether the participants' perceptions change over time.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(9):501–505.]
Promoting and Supporting a Doctor of Nursing Practice Program of Scholarship
Authors: Gonzalez Yovan , Finnell Deborah S. 
Published: August 2020

Background:
Mentoring in the context of the faculty–student relationship can be one in which each benefits. Creative approaches are warranted to help discriminate the boundaries between the student and the teacher as a mentor, which are often ill-defined and blurred given the high-stakes summative assessments of performance.

Method:
Six specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-based (SMART) goals were established for a mentor and mentee relationship spanning a 2-year period based on a vision for building a program of scholarship. Weekly mentoring sessions were used to monitor progress toward goal attainment.

Results:
While completing the Doctor of Nursing Practice program, the mentee expanded professional networks, obtained funded fellowships, expanded knowledge and skills related to the substantive area of scholarship, and disseminated that work through professional presentations and publications coauthored with the mentor.

Conclusion:

Cognizant of the boundaries between course-related products and professional presentations and publications, the goal-driven mentor–mentee relationship is transformational to both.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(9):526–530.]
Efektifitas Edmodo Terhadap Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa PGSD Universitas Nusa Cendana
Authors: Fembriani Fembriani , Koroh Taty R , Pasmiyati Pasmiyati , Polin Ribka 
Published: August 2020

Keterbatasan pertemuan dosen dan mahasiswa menjadi masalah penting di era ini. Dosen tidak dapat bertemu dengan mahasiswa, hal ini terjadi karena perkembangan virus COVID-19 yang menjadi ancaman. Akan tetapi kegiatan perkuliahan harus tetap dilaksanakan. Pembelajaran menggunakan edmodo menjadi salah satu jalan keluarnya. Matakuliah belajar pembelajaran dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan aplikasi edmodo. Matakuliah ini merupakan matakuliah dasar yang harus dikuasai mahasiswa PGSD. Sebagai calon guru mahasiswa harus menguasai teori-teori belajar yang ada dalam matakuliah belajar pembelajaran. embelajaran dengan edmodo mendapatkan hasil penelitian yang efektif. Hasil tersebut didapatkan dari analisis data yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti. Analisis data dimulai dari uji validitas dan reliabilitas, dan mendapatkan hasil bahwa semua soal yang digunakan untuk penelitian dinyatakan valid dan reliabel. Hasil penelitian yang efektif dianalisis menggunakan uji T dan uji N-Gain. Uji T mendapatkan hasil 0,000<0,005 hal ini berarti Ha diterima yaitu ada perbedaan nilai pretest dan posttest setelah mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan edmodo. Uji N-Gain mendapatkan hasil rata-rata 0,491 berada pada kategori sedang. Dapat disimpulkan pembelajaran dengan edmodo dapat meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran dengan kategori sedang.
HIỆU QUẢ TÀI CHÍNH TRỒNG DỪA SÁP VÀ DỪA THƯỜNG TRÊN ĐỊA BÀN HUYỆN CẦU KÈ, TỈNH TRÀ VINH
Authors: Hải Võ Minh , Thuý Phạm Thị Phương , Cường Lê Duy , Thúc Lê Vĩnh , Toàn Nguyễn Bảo 
Published: August 2020

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện từ tháng 3 năm 2018 đến tháng 11 năm 2018 thông qua phỏng vấn 90 nông hộ trồng dừa tại huyện Cầu Kè, tỉnh Trà Vinh bằng phương pháp đánh giá nhanh nông thôn. Qua đó, so sánh hiệu quả kinh tế trồng dừa Sáp và dừa thường, phân tích các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến lợi nhuận và đề xuất giải pháp cho cây dừa trên địa bàn tỉnh Trà Vinh. Kết quả cho thấy chi phí sản xuất cho 1 ha dừa thường là 23,4 triệu đồng/ha, lợi nhuận trung bình trong năm trồng là 55,8 triệu đồng/ha/năm. Có 2 yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến lợi nhuận của dừa thường đó là quy mô đất canh tác và số lao động trồng tham gia trồng dừa. Chi phí cho 1 ha dừa Sáp là 28,7 triệu đồng/ha, lợi nhuận trung bình trong 1 năm trồng là 286 triệu đồng/ha/năm. Có 2 yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến lợi nhuận của dừa Sáp đó là tỷ lệ trái dừa Sáp và trình độ học vấn của người trồng dừa. Để mở rộng diện tích trồng dừa trong tương lai cần có các giải pháp về giống, khoa học kỹ thuật, liên kết sản xuất và tiêu thụ sản phẩm trong sản xuất dừa Sáp và dừa thường.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted from March to November 2018 by 90 coconut households in Cau Ke district, Tra Vinh province who were interviewed by using a Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method, then, compared the economic efficiency between planting Sap coconut and normal coconut The study proposing solution to the development of coconut trees in Tra Vinh province indicated that factors affected profitability. The results showed that the input for production for 1 ha of coconut was usually 23.4 million VND, the average of profit was 55.8 million VND/ha/year. There were two factors that affected the profitability of normal coconut: the farming size and the number of labors who took part in cultivating the coconuts. Meanwhile, the input for one hectare of Sap coconut was 28,7 million VND, the average of profit was 286 million VND/ha /year and the factors affected the profit of Sap coconut cultivation is the ratio of Sap nut and education of Sap coconut growers. In order to expand the coconut cultivation area in the future, it is necessary to have solutions to new seedling, to apply new science and technology, to link the production and consumption of products in both Sap coconut and normal coconut.
CURRENT SCENARIO OF COVID19 OUTBREAK IN ANDHRAPRADESH & TELANGANA
Authors: A.V.Blessy A.V.Blessy , S.A.RamyaValli S.A.RamyaValli , J.Bhargava Narendra J.Bhargava Narendra 
Published: August 2020

The World Health Organization declared the 2019–2020 COVID Emerging coronaviruses are constant global public health threats to society Governments are under increased pressure to stop the outbreak of a global health emergency. In this situation, preparedness, transparency, and sharing of information are crucial. Multiple ongoing clinical trials are conducted for the development of vaccines and antivirals against CoVs. Up to date, there is no speciﬁc treatment proven effective against this COVID19. In addition, no vaccine has been licensed by the WHO to prevent MERS-CoV infection thus far. This spillover event is pandemic and a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Due to its emerging cases day by day there is a need for everyone to act responsibly by taking preventive measures like wearing the masks and avoiding unnecessary outings as possible. There are certain reasons not to get panic regarding a situation like We to know why at it is - we had been identified the virus; We know how to detect-there had many tests to identify; Most cases are mild -about 81% of cases are mild and high recovery rate is seen; Symptoms are mild in young; The virus can be destroyed on the surface; Vaccines are in progress; Many drugs are effective in treating the COVID19. Voluntary reporting of the symptoms helps to prevent the spread of disease. this review details about the origin of the virus, introduction to the anatomical features and pathology, clinical manifestations, its diagnostics, treatment, preventive measures to health workers, and to public.
Eﬃcacy of Double Pop Blind TAP Block – Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Richard Simon , Goel Sharad , Mishra Akhilesh , S. Ali Imam  , Samir El Said  , Elhantery Medhat Mahmoud 
Published: August 2020

Background: The transversus abdominis plane block (TAP block) in the petit triangle is being used since 2001 for analgesia by blocking the T6 to T12 nerves, which is devoid of the sympathetic blockade and has opioid-sparing effect during and after abdominal operations. The appropriateness and efficacy of using double pop blind transversus abdominis plane block were studied in abdominal surgeries using bupivacaine with butorphanol as additive. Subjects and Methods: A total of 78 adult patients of ASA I and II were included, who were to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. The control group patients received tramadol, diclofenac, and paracetamol in the perioperative period. The study group patients received TAP block by double pop blind technique after induction of anesthesia but before surgical incision as preemptive analgesia. The p-value, the mean and the confidence interval were calculated by using Student t-test with the use of online software by graphpad.com. Results: Each of the two groups had 39 patients, and none met the exclusion criteria. Patients of the study (TAP) group remained pain-free for a longer time by 439 (416 – 463) minutes more than the control (IV, Intravenous) group. Rescue analgesia in the study group was required 640 minutes after the end of the surgery, but in the control group, rescue analgesia was required earlier at 200 minutes only after the surgery. Conclusion: Double pop blind technique for TAP block is appropriate and without complications if done with carefulness as to avoid penetration of the blunted green needle beyond the fascia between the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis muscle.
Short Segment versus Long Segment Posterior Pedicle Screws Fixation for Treatment of Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture: A Comparative Prospective Study
Authors: Singh Arvind , Bali Shiv Kumar , Maji Subhajit , Ahuja Kaustubh , Moger Nagaraj  Manju , Mittal Samarth , Sarkar Bhaskar , Kandwal Pankaj 
Published: August 2020

Background: The surgical treatment of unstable burst fracture (TLICS >4) of the thoracolumbar vertebrae remain controversial. This study is aimed to compare the short segment versus long-segment posterior fixation for thoracolumbar burst fracture.The objective of the study is to study comparison of outcome of the Short-Segment Posterior Fixation (SSPF) versus Long-Segment Posterior Fixation (LSPF) for treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture in term of surgical, radiological, neurological and functional outcome. Subjects & Methods: In this prospective study, we included 32 patients with Burst fracture AO type A3, A4 of Thoracolumbar spine (T10-L2), who underwent posterior pedicle screw fixation for Burst fracture Thoracolumbar spine. A total of 18 of the patients underwent Short-Segment Posterior Fixation (SSPF) (Group A); group A is further divided into three subgroups A1: short-segment only(n=10), A2: short-segment with index screw(n=4) and A3: short-segment with anterior column reconstruction(n=4) with cage, Whereas 14 patients had Long-Segment Posterior Fixation (LSPF) (Group B). Surgical (duration of surgery, blood loss, complication), Clinical (Oswestry questionnaire, spinal cord independent measuring scale), radiological (percentage of anterior body height compression, kyphosis correction loss, Mc Cormack classification) and Neurological (Frankel grading) outcomes were analyzed. Results: The operative time Group A (159.85 min 22.5) was significantly shorter than Group B (198.7 31.5). Blood loss was significantly less in Group A (478 ml 259.3) than Group B (865ml 275.7). Kyphosis Correction loss at 6th month follow up in Group A (subgroup A1: 10.7deg 6.2, subgroup A2: 7.1deg 7.4 and subgroup A3: Subgroup A3: 6.1deg 5.2) was higher than that of group B (6.2deg 6.3). Complication (surgical site infection) occurred in Two patients in group B. There was no significant difference in terms of improvement in functional and neurological outcomes among both groups. The functional outcomes as per the SCIM and ODI score at 6th month follow up in group A: 74.7 +-22.29, 31.5+-13.73 respectively, and group B: 73.8+-26.07, 26.7+-17.9, respectively. Conclusion: Short-Segment Posterior Fixation (SSPF) is a significantly decreased duration of surgery and blood loss compare with Long-Segment Posterior Fixation (LSPF). Loss of kyphosis correction in Short-Segment Posterior Fixation (SSPF) may be decreased with index screws or anterior column reconstruction.
Clinical Study on Psychiatric Morbidity in Suicide Attempters- A Observational Study
Authors: Koganti Charan Teja , Bobba Neeta Sagar 
Published: August 2020

Background: Suicide is a tragic and serious preventable public health problem all over the world. It is one of the three leading causes of death globally. Usually suicide has no single cause. It is the endpoint of an individual process, in which several cultural, social, situational, psychological, and biological factors interact. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the nature of psychiatric morbidity and it’s severity in patients who have attempted suicide, its relation to the socio-demographic and clinical variables and the particulars of the current attempt. Subjects and Methods: Fifty patients with alleged history of suicide attempt were evaluated. Tools used were Socio Economic Status Schedule, Suicide Intent Scale and Comprehensive Psychopathology Rating Scale. ICD 10-AM Symptom Check List was used to evaluate and find out psychiatric diagnosis and final diagnosis was made on the basis of ICD-10- Classification of mental and behavioral disorders, Diagnostic Criteria for Research (DCR-10). Results: Most subjects are in the age group of 18-30, married, Hindus, with a primary education, semi-skilled workers with average monthly income of more than 3000 rupees from a nuclear family of semi urban area and belong to SESS category III. Adjustment disorder with brief depressive reaction is the most common diagnosis made and the diagnosis has statistically significant relation with past attempt, recent stressors, and motive. Type of attempt, method used, venue, lethality, and medical complication of the attempt have significant relation with, substance dependence and its total duration, gender, medication history and total duration of symptoms. Suicide intent score is statistically related with gender, total duration of symptoms, family history, motive, venue and lethality. Conclusion: Significant proportions of the individuals who attempt suicide have psychiatric morbidity. Attempted suicide can be considered to be a distinct sub- group of psychiatric symptoms which is usually neglected but is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in subjects with psychiatric disorders. Patients who attempt suicide require special attention and management by all the medical professionals.