bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey on personnel awareness of the factors affecting accurate blood pressure measurement in the medical centres of Jahrom County
Authors: Zarei Safar , Nasimi Fatemeh , Abedi Hassanali , Sadeghi Najmeh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAims and objectivesThe main purpose of this study was to determine the clinical skill of the medical personnel on level of awareness of standard methods used during blood pressure measurement.BackgroundBlood pressure measurement is one of the vital clinical proficiencies the hospital personnel must be equipped with. Results from different surveys highlight the importance of awareness amongst medical personnel in controlling blood pressure.DesignDescriptive cross‐sectional study.MethodsUsing standardized questionnaires devised by the researcher, data were collected from 302 participants working in healthcare centres in Jahrom. The extracted data were analysed using SPSS.ResultsObservations showed that 10–20% of the participants had wide knowledge of influential factors affecting blood pressure measurement. Moreover, there was a meaningful relation between holding higher degrees and accurate blood pressure measurement (p < .05). Nevertheless, besides the personnel holding lower degrees, those holding higher educational degrees also had dearth of knowledge of factors affecting blood pressure measurement.ConclusionsThe overall findings of this study indicate that the knowledge among the hospital personnel in determining factors affecting blood pressure measurement was inadequate.
Prenatal testing in pregnancies conceived by in vitro fertilization with pre‐implantation genetic testing
Authors: Arian Sara E. , Erfani Hadi , Westerfield Lauren E. , Buffie Alexandra , Nassef Salma , Gibbons William E. , Van den Veyver Ignatia B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveWomen with pregnancies resulting from in vitro fertilization (IVF) with normal pre‐implantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT‐A) are advised to undergo prenatal screening and testing during pregnancy. It is not well known how many follow these recommendations. Our objective was to study prenatal testing decisions made by women with pregnancies conceived through IVF with PGT‐A.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of women who received genetic counseling during pregnancies conceived through IVF with normal PGT‐A. We excluded those who received genetic counseling preconceptionally prior to IVF. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and after testing for normality by the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test, independent t test, Mann‐Whitney U test, or Chi‐square/Fisher's exact test.ResultsData from 83 women were included. Of these, 53 (63.9%) had at least one of the following prenatal tests: first trimester combined screening (16.9%), non‐invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) (45.8%), second trimester serum screening (6%), and invasive diagnostic testing (6%). 10.8% had more than one of the above tests and 36.1% declined all tests.ConclusionAlmost two‐thirds of women who were pregnant after IVF with normal PGT‐A had prenatal aneuploidy screening or testing. Future prospective studies with larger cohorts are needed to further ascertain decision making in this population.
Registration of soybean cultivar ‘TN15‐5007’ with high meal protein
Authors: Pantalone Vince , Cunicelli Mia , Wyman Chris 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar ‘TN15‐5007’ (Reg. no. CV‐535, PI 692131) is a conventional (non‐genetically modified) cultivar released by the Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station in 2019 on the basis of high seed yield in Tennessee, the Mid‐South, and southeastern regions of the United States. It was developed to create a high‐yielding cultivar with high meal protein. TN15‐5007 was developed from 1 of 3,500 single plants. Progeny rows were selected using breeder's phenotypic score, which includes adapted maturity, lodging resistance, disease resistance, and pod density. TN15‐5007 was a selected line and was entered in yield tests in 2015–2018. TN15‐5007 has white flowers and gray pubescence. The plants have an upright growth habit with good resistance to lodging. The pods have a tan pod coat, and the seeds are yellow. The 100‐seed weight is approximately 12.7 g, which was equal to that of ‘Ellis’ in the 2018 USDA Uniform Test. In that test, TN15‐5007 matured 2 d earlier than Ellis, the same as ‘AG 46X7’, 1 d earlier than ‘AG 4835’, and 1 d later than ‘AG 4632’, indicating that the relative maturity of TN15‐5007 is approximately 4.7, which is highly desirable for producers in Tennessee and the Mid‐South region. TN15‐5007 is resistant to the disease stem canker. It produced 436 g kg−1 protein and 213 g kg−1 oil on a dry weight basis and produced a very high 505 g kg−1 meal protein in the 2018 Southern Uniform Test.
Lung ultrasound: A useful additional tool in clinician's hands to identify pulmonary atelectasis in children with neuromuscular disease
Authors: Ullmann Nicola , D'Andrea Maria Luisa , Gioachin Anna , Papia Bruno , Testa Maria Beatrice Chiarini , Cherchi Claudio , Bock Caterina , Tomà Paolo , Cutrera Renato 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroduction and ObjectivesPatients with neuromuscular disease (NMD) are often exposed to ionizing radiations which could be reduced if a noninvasive and reliable diagnostic method is identified. The major aim of this study was to compare the use of chest X‐ray (CXR) with lung ultrasound (LUS) in pediatric patients with NMD, to identify pulmonary atelectasis (PA).Materials and MethodsA prospective study was conducted on children affected by NMD. In all patients who underwent CXR, a LUS was also performed and results compared for the assessment of PA.ResultsForty children affected by NMD were enrolled. Spinal muscular atrophy type 1 was the most common NMD, followed by spinal muscular atrophy type 2 and congenital myopathies. More than half of the subjects presented PA, more prevalent in the lung left lower lobes. LUS agreed with CXR results (negative or positive for atelectasis) in 31 patients (77.5%). In two patients, an agreement evaluation was not possible due to non‐conclusive LUS. Conversely, LUS disagreed with CXR in seven patients, four of which were positive for atelectasis. If only complete agreement was considered, the statistical analysis between CXR and LUS showed: LUS sensitivity of 57%, LUS specificity of 82%, positive predictive value 80%, negative predictive value 61%.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the use of LUS should be recommended to early identify PA and reduce frequent ionizing exposition of these fragile patients. Finally, our study also suggests that LUS can provide relevant information for clinicians and respiratory physiotherapists.
Predictors of response to medications for asthma in pediatric patients: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Rodriguez‐Martinez Carlos E. , Sossa‐Briceño Monica P. , Castro‐Rodriguez Jose A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesThere has been no systematic review of studies aimed to predict differential responses to medication regimens for asthma controller therapies in pediatric patients. The aim of the present study was to summarize those identifying biomarkers for the different asthma controller therapies.MethodsStudies published by June 2019 that report phenotypic or genotypic characteristics or biomarkers that could potentially serve as response predictors to asthma controller therapies in pediatric patients were included. The quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale tool.ResultsOf 385 trials identified, 30 studies were included. Children with asthma and a positive family history of asthma, with more severe disease, of the white race, with allergy biomarkers, nonobese, with lower lung function, high bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, or having variants in the FCER2 and CRHR1 gene respond better to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). Younger age (<10 years), short disease duration (<4 years), high cotinine and urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4) levels, and 5/5 ALOX5 were associated with a better response to leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA). For patients that remain symptomatic, white Hispanics were more likely to respond to LTRA, blacks to ICS, white non‐Hispanics to LTRA or LABA, and children without a history of eczema, regardless of race or ethnicity to LABA set‐up therapy. In severe persistent asthma, those with atopy and body mass index greater than or equal 25 were more likely to benefit from omalizumab.ConclusionSeveral phenotypic characteristics, biomarkers, or pharmacogenomics markers could be useful for predicting the best drug for asthma treatment.
Insulin and epidermal growth factor receptor family members share parallel activation mechanisms
Authors: Ferguson Kathryn M. , Hu Chun , Lemmon Mark A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInsulin receptor (IR) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were the first receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) to be studied in detail. Both are important clinical targets—in diabetes and cancer, respectively. They have unique extracellular domain compositions among RTKs, but share a common module with two ligand‐binding leucine‐rich‐repeat (LRR)‐like domains connected by a flexible cysteine‐rich (CR) domain (L1‐CR‐L2 in IR/domain, I‐II‐III in EGFR). This module is linked to the transmembrane region by three fibronectin type III domains in IR, and by a second CR in EGFR. Despite sharing this conserved ligand‐binding module, IR and EGFR family members are considered mechanistically distinct—in part because IR is a disulfide‐linked (αβ)2 dimer regardless of ligand binding, whereas EGFR is a monomer that undergoes ligand‐induced dimerization. Recent cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) structures suggest a way of unifying IR and EGFR activation mechanisms and origins of negative cooperativity. In EGFR, ligand engages both LRRs in the ligand‐binding module, “closing” this module to break intramolecular autoinhibitory interactions and expose new dimerization sites for receptor activation. How insulin binds the activated IR was less clear until now. Insulin was known to associate with one LRR (L1), but recent cryo‐EM structures suggest that it also engages the second LRR (albeit indirectly) to “close” the L1‐CR‐L2 module, paralleling EGFR. This transition simultaneously breaks autoinhibitory interactions and creates new receptor‐receptor contacts—remodeling the IR dimer (rather than inducing dimerization per se) to activate it. Here, we develop this view in detail, drawing mechanistic links between IR and EGFR.
Industrial leak testing of dangerous goods packagings
Authors: Schlick‐Hasper Eva , Neitsch Marcel , Goedecke Thomas 
Published: April 2020

The Dangerous Goods Regulations currently do not include limit leakage rates or sensitivity requirements for industrial leak testing procedures that are equivalent to the bubble test, which is the prescribed test method for design type testing of dangerous goods packagings. During series production of such packagings, various methods are used, which often do not meet the requirements of the bubble test with regard to important criteria.Sensitivity, flow direction, pressure level and automatability are particularly important factors when selecting a suitable industrial leak testing method.The following methods are in principle both suitable and equally effective as the bubble test: pressure rise test (vacuum chamber), ultrasonic bubble leak detection and gas detection methods (pressure technique by accumulation and vacuum chamber technique).To ensure a uniform test level during design type testing and production line leak testing and therefore a comparable safety level as required by the Dangerous Goods Regulations, it is necessary to include a more precise specification in these regulations. This requires, on the one hand, information about the sensitivity of the bubble test and, on the other hand, the inclusion of a list of suitable, equally effective industrial test methods with their specific boundary conditions.
On designing a progressive mean chart for efficient monitoring of process location
Authors: Abbas Zameer , Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Akhtar Noureen , Riaz Muhammad , Abid Muhammad 
Published: April 2020

AbstractVariation is an important phenomenon of the output of every manufacturing and production process. To deal with the natural and special cause variations in the process, quality practitioners mostly apply control charts. There have been regular advancements over time in the design structures of these charts such as runs rules, fast initial response, sampling mechanisms among many others. In this article, auxiliary‐information‐based progressive mean (AIB‐PM) control chart has been proposed, in which study variable is found correlated with another auxiliary variable. The development of the proposed AIB‐PM structure utilises both the study and auxiliary variables. It is based on the regression estimator to introduce an unbiased and efficient estimate of the location parameter of the study variable. The performance assessment is carried out using average run length as a metric under zero‐state and steady‐state modes. The proposed AIB‐PM chart is compared with some existing competitors and found that it performs uniformly superior than the existing competitors at small and persistent shifts in the process mean. An illustrative example using a real data set is presented to show the implementation of the proposed method.
Efficient Interconnection in Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Li Can , Wang Yong , Choy Wallace C. H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials are excellent candidates as light absorbers in tandem solar cells with advantages of tunable bandgaps, high absorption coefficients, facile fabrication processes, and low costs. Tandem devices offer a route to further improve the efficiency and reduce the cost for the solar cell practical applications. One critical challenge that limits the development of two‐terminal perovskite‐based tandem devices is the interconnection between two subcells. To achieve efficient interconnection in the tandem devices, it is required to simultaneously fulfill the high electrical, optical, and chemical requirements. In particular, chemical protection requirement is necessary to enable a tandem device in the case of solution‐processed perovskite–perovskite tandem solar cells. In this work, recent advances of interconnection in perovskite‐based two‐terminal tandem solar cells are reviewed. A brief introduction to the topic is first given. The definition, functions, and requirements of interconnecting layers in two‐terminal tandem devices are then discussed. Next, the insights into recent advances of interconnecting layers in two‐terminal perovskite‐based tandem solar cells (perovskite–perovskite, perovskite–polymer, perovskite–inorganic tandem solar cells) are further described. Finally, an outlook of the future research directions and a brief summary are drawn.
Juvenile Coho and Chinook Salmon Growth, Size, and Condition Linked To Watershed‐Scale Salmon Spawner Abundance
Authors: Joy Philip J. , Stricker Craig A. , Ivanoff Renae , Wang Shiao Y. , Wipfli Mark S. , Seitz Andrew C. , Huang Jiaqi , Tyers Mathew B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAnadromous Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. are semelparous, and resource subsidies from spawning adult salmon (marine‐derived nutrients [MDN]) benefit juvenile salmonids while they rear in freshwater. However, it is unclear if juvenile salmon populations respond predictably to the abundance of spawning salmon at the watershed scale. To address whether hypothesized benefits to rearing juveniles scale up to population and watershed scales, we examined juvenile Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha growth, fork length, condition, and abundance as a function of MDN assimilation throughout the Unalakleet and North rivers in western Alaska. Additionally, a mark–recapture experiment provided abundance estimates of Coho Salmon smolts emigrating from these two rivers. Prior to spawning, residual MDN from past years offered little advantage to juvenile salmon. However, after the arrival of spawning adults, juveniles demonstrated a positive relationship between MDN and fish size, growth, and condition in fall and winter. Out‐migrating smolts also benefitted from MDN resources via increased size and growth rates. Coho Salmon smolt abundance was unrelated to total spawner biomass, but a positive relationship between MDN assimilation and smolt abundance suggested a possible effect on overwinter survival. Furthermore, similar trends in spawner biomass and the abundance of age‐1 smolts suggested that age at smolting was influenced by MDN. These relationships support the hypothesis that salmon spawner abundance during Coho and Chinook Salmon rearing is an important factor in the juvenile productivity of these species.
The clinical management of lenalidomide-based therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Merz Maximilian , Dechow Tobias , Scheytt Mithun , Schmidt Christian , Hackanson Bjoern , Knop Stefan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLenalidomide is an integral, yet evolving, part of current treatment pathways for both transplant-eligible and transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). It is approved in combination with dexamethasone as first-line therapy for transplant-ineligible patients with NDMM, and as maintenance treatment following autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Although strong clinical trial evidence has supported the integration of lenalidomide into current treatment paradigms for NDMM, applying those paradigms to individual patients and determining which patients are most likely to benefit from lenalidomide treatment are more complex. In this paper, we utilize the available clinical trial evidence to provide recommendations for patient selection and lenalidomide dosing in both the first-line setting in patients ineligible for ASCT and the maintenance setting in patients who have undergone ASCT. In addition, we provide guidance on management of those adverse events that are most commonly associated with lenalidomide treatment, and consider the optimal selection and sequencing of next-line agents following long-term frontline or maintenance treatment with lenalidomide.
SMC complexes organize the bacterial chromosome by lengthwise compaction
Authors: Mäkelä Jarno , Sherratt David 
Published: April 2020

AbstractStructural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes are ancient and conserved molecular machines that organize chromosomes in all domains of life. We propose that the principles of chromosome folding needed to accommodate DNA inside a cell in an accessible form will follow similar principles in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, the exact contributions of SMC complexes to bacterial chromosome organization have been elusive. Recently, it was shown that the SMC homolog, MukBEF, organizes and individualizes the Escherichia coli chromosome by forming a filamentous axial core from which DNA loops emanate, similar to the action of condensin in mitotic chromosome formation. MukBEF action, along with its interaction with the partner protein, MatP, also facilitates chromosome individualization by directing opposite chromosome arms (replichores) to different cell halves. This contrasts with the situation in many other bacteria, where SMC complexes organise chromosomes in a way that the opposite replichores are aligned along the long axis of the cell. We highlight the similarities and differences of SMC complex contributions to chromosome organization in bacteria and eukaryotes, and summarize the current mechanistic understanding of the processes.
Impacts of combined temperature and salinity stress on the endemic Arctic brown seaweed Laminaria solidungula J. Agardh
Authors: Diehl Nora , Karsten Ulf , Bischof Kai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMacroalgae such as kelp are important ecosystem engineers in the Polar Regions and potentially affected by freshening and ocean warming. The endemic Arctic kelp Laminaria solidungula might be particularly imperiled and become locally extinct from Arctic fjord systems in the future, since temperature increase is most pronounced in the Polar Regions. Additionally, increased temperatures cause glacier and sea ice melting and enhancing terrestrial run-off from snowfields, which eventually can result in hyposaline conditions in fjord systems. We conducted a multiple-stressor experiment at four temperatures (0, 5, 10, 15 °C) and two salinities (SA 25, 35) to investigate the combined effects of increasing temperature and decreasing salinities on the physiological and biochemical status of young L. solidungula sporophytes. Both drivers had significant and interacting impacts, either in an additive or antagonistic way, dependent on the respective response variable. The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) significantly declined with temperature increase and low salinity. Even though the absolute pigment content was not affected, the deepoxydation state of the xanthophyll cycle increased with intensified stress. Higher temperatures affected the C:N ratio significantly, mainly due to reduced nitrogen uptake, while SA 25 supported the nitrogen uptake, resulting in an attenuation of the effect. The concentration of mannitol decreased at SA 25. At control SA 35 mannitol level remained steady between 0 and 10 °C but significantly decreased at 15 °C. Conclusively, our results show that L. solidungula is very susceptible to both drivers of climate change, especially when they are combined. Implications to species ecology are discussed.
Erratum to: Stratospheric Ozone-induced Cloud Radiative Effects on Antarctic Sea Ice
Authors: Xia Yan , Hu Yongyun , Liu Jiping , Huang Yi , Xie Fei , Lin Jintai 
Published: April 2020

Erratum to: Xia, Y., Y. Y. Hu, J. P. Liu, Y. Huang, F. Xie, and J. T. Lin, 2020: Stratospheric ozone-induced cloud radiative effects on Antarctic sea ice. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 37(5), 505−514, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-019-8251-6.This article has changed from access by subscription to OA.
Ein Metallflachbeil der Kupferzeit aus Bernstein, Burgenland
Authors: Haubner Roland , Strobl Susanne , Thurner Manuela , Herdits Hannes 
Published: April 2020

ZusammenfassungEin Kupferflachbeil des 4. Jahrtausends v. Chr., welches der Kulturstufe Balaton-Lasinja zuzuordnen ist, wurde bei Bernstein im Südburgenland gefunden und untersucht.Die RFA Analyse ergab nahezu reines Kupfer mit geringen Mengen an Pb, Ag, As und Al. Metallographisch präparierte Schliffe zeigen ein sehr gleichmäßiges Gefüge mit feinem Cu-Cu2O Eutektikum. Der O Gehalt im Metall wird auf etwa 0,2 Gew. % geschätzt. Die Oberfläche des Beils ist mit einer etwa 100 µm dicken Oxidschicht gleichmäßig bedeckt, welche innen aus Cu2O und außen aus Malachit besteht. Die Größe der einzelnen Kupferkörner ist mit 300–400 µm eher grob, wobei auch einige Zwillingskristalle vorliegen. Daher ist anzunehmen, dass nur eine schwache Verformung des Beils, z. B. durch Hämmern, erfolgte.Aufgrund der geringen Konzentrationen an S und As kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass oxydische Erze für die Kupfergewinnung verwendet wurden.