bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring social capital of healthcare organizations reported by employees for creating positive workplaces - validation of the SOCAPO-E instrument
Authors: Ansmann Lena , Hower Kira Isabel , Wirtz Markus Antonius , Kowalski Christoph , Ernstmann Nicole , McKee Lorna , Pfaff Holger 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
In highly segmented and complex healthcare organizations social capital is assumed to be of high relevance for the coordination of tasks in healthcare. So far, comprehensively validated instruments on social capital in healthcare organizations are lacking. The aim of this work is to validate an instrument measuring social capital in healthcare organizations.

Methods
This validation study is based on a cross-sectional survey of 1050 hospital employees from 49 German hospitals which specialize in breast cancer care. Social capital was assessed by a six-item scale. Reliability analyses and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to determine the content validity of items within the theory-driven one-dimensional scale structure. The scale’s associations with measures of the social aspects of the work environment (identification, social support, open communication climate) were estimated to test convergent validity. Criterion-related validity was evaluated by conducting structural equation modelling to examine the predictive validity of the scale with measures of work engagement, well-being and burnout.

Results
A one-dimensional structure of the instrument could be identified (CFI = .99; RMSEA = .06). Convergent validity was shown by hypothesis-consistent correlations with social support offered by supervisors and colleagues, a climate of open communication, and employee commitment to the organization. Criterion-related validity of the social capital scale was proved by its prediction of employee work engagement (R2 = .10–.13 for the three subscales), well-being (R2 = .13), and burnout (R2 = .06–.11 for the three subscales).

Conclusions
The confirmed associations between social capital and work engagement, burnout as well as well-being stress the importance of social capital as a vital resource for employee health and performance in healthcare organizations. In healthcare organizations this short instrument can be used as an efficient instrument to measure the organizations’ social capital.
The effect of primary care on potentially avoidable hospitalizations in France: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mercier Gregoire , Georgescu Vera , Plancque Elodie , Duflos Claire , Le Pape Annick , Quantin Catherine 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Potentially avoidable hospitalizations are an indirect measure of access to primary care. However, the role and quality of primary care might vary by geographical location. The main objective was to assess the impact of primary care on geographic variations of potentially avoidable hospitalizations in Occitanie, France.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of claims and socio-economic data for the French Occitanie region in 2014. In order to account for spatial heterogeneity, the region was split into two zones based on socio-economic traits: median pre-tax income and unemployment rate. Age- and sex-adjusted hospital discharge potentially avoidable hospitalization rates were calculated at the ZIP-code level. Demographic, socio-economic, and epidemiological determinants were retrieved, as well as data on supply of, access to and utilization of primary care.

Results
72% of PAH are attributable to two chronic conditions: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure. In Zone 1, the potentially avoidable hospitalization rate was positively associated with premature mortality and with the number of specialist encounters by patients. It was negatively associated with the density of nurses. In Zone 2, the potentially avoidable hospitalization rate was positively associated with premature mortality, with access to general practitioners, and with the number of nurse encounters by patients. It was negatively associated with the proportion of the population having at least one general practitioner encounter and with the density of nurses.

Conclusions
This study suggests that the role of primary care in potentially avoidable hospitalizations might be geography dependent.
Mechanical ventilation and the daily cost of ICU care
Authors: Kaier Klaus , Heister Thomas , Wolff Jan , Wolkewitz Martin 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Intensive care units represent one of the largest clinical cost centers in hospitals. Mechanical ventilation accounts for a significant share of this cost. There is a relative dearth of information quantifying the impact of ventilation on daily ICU cost. We thus determine daily costs of ICU care, incremental cost of mechanical ventilation per ICU day, and further differentiate cost by underlying diseases.

Methods
Total ICU costs, length of ICU stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation of all 10,637 adult patients treated in ICUs at a German hospital in 2013 were analyzed for never-ventilated patients (N = 9181), patients ventilated at least 1 day, (N = 1455) and all patients (N = 10,637). Total ICU costs were regressed on the number of ICU days. Finally, costs were analyzed separately by ICD-10 chapter of main diagnosis.

Results
Daily non-ventilated costs were €999 (95%CI €924 - €1074), and ventilated costs were €1590 (95%CI €1524 - €1657), a 59% increase. Costs per non-ventilated ICU day differed substantially and were lowest for endocrine, nutritional or metabolic diseases (€844), and highest for musculoskeletal diseases (€1357). Costs per ventilated ICU day were lowest for diseases of the circulatory system (€1439) and highest for cancer patients (€1594). The relative cost increase due to ventilation was highest for diseases of the respiratory system (94%) and even non-systematic for patients with musculoskeletal diseases (13%, p = 0.634).

Conclusions
Results show substantial variability of ICU costs for different underlying diseases and underline mechanical ventilation as an important driver of ICU costs.
In search of universal health coverage – highlighting the accessibility of health care to students with disabilities in Ghana: a qualitative study
Authors: Abodey Eric , Vanderpuye Irene , Mensah Isaac , Badu Eric 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundAccessibility of health care to students with disabilities is a global concern. This is no less important in Ghana, however, to date, no study has been undertaken regarding access to health care to students with disabilities. This study, therefore, aims to explore the accessibility of health care to students with disabilities, in the quest of achieving universal health coverage in Ghana.MethodsQualitative methods, involving in-depth interviews were employed to collect data from 54 participants (29 students with disabilities, 17 health workers and 8 school mothers), selected through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.ResultsThe study identified three themes – accessibility, adequacy, and affordability. The study findings highlighted that universal health coverage for students with disabilities has not been achieved due to barriers in accessing health care. The barriers faced by students with disabilities were unfriendly physical environments, structures, equipment, limited support services and poor health insurance policy to finance health care.ConclusionThe study concludes that the government should prioritize disability-related issues in health policy formulation, implementation and monitoring. The current provisions and requirements in the disability act should be prioritized, enforced and monitored to ensure adequate inclusion of disability issues in health services. Further, the current exemption policy under the National Health Insurance Scheme should be revised to adequately address the needs of people with disabilities.
Dose-response of resistance training for neck-and shoulder pain relief: a workplace intervention study
Authors: Saeterbakken Atle Hole , Makrygiannis Paula , Stien Nicolay , Solstad Tom Erik Jorung , Shaw Matthew , Andersen Vidar , Pedersen Helene 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal disorders are highly prevalent among office workers, with strong evidence suggesting that workplace-based resistance training programs can prevent several upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of the present study was to examine the dose-response relationship between resistance training frequency and pain relief among office workers with neck- and shoulder pain.MethodsThirty participants with mild to moderate neck- and shoulder pain attended a 16-week intervention starting with an eight-week control period followed by an eight-week training period. After the control period, the participants were randomized into either a 10 min (TG10) or 2 × 10 min (TG2) workplace-based, high-intensity neck- and shoulder specific resistance training program that was executed 5 days per week and consisting of four exercises. The participants were tested pre and post each period for mean and worst pain using the 0-100 mm visual analog scale (VAS), 0-100 mm health-related quality of life and isometric strength of the neck-and shoulder region. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Friedman with Bonferroni post hoc corrections were used to assess differences in between and within groups for the three testing times pre, mid and post intervention.ResultsNo differences were observed between the groups in any of the variables in the control period (p = 0.27–0.97) or training period (p = 0.37–0.68). When merging the two groups, the mean and worst pain was reduced by 25 and 43% (p = 0.05 and < 0.01, ES = 0.41 and 0.55) in the training period in addition to 10.6% increase in health-related quality of life (p = 0.01, ES = 0.52). No difference in strength was observed (p = 0.29–0.85).ConclusionDaily bouts of specific high-intensity resistance training of the shoulder and neck region at the workplace reduced neck- and shoulder pain and improved quality of life of office workers. However, 10 min bouts were equally effective as 2 × 10 min bouts per day. The authors recommend office workers to perform daily neck- and shoulder resistance training to possibly prevent and/or decrease pain in the neck- and shoulder area.Trial registrationISRCTN69968888, retrospectively registered (24/09/2019).
Whole genome bisulfite sequencing of Medicago truncatula A17 wild type and lss mutants
Authors: Freese Nowlan H. , Schnabel Elise L. , Frugoli Julia A. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Earlier work in our lab identified a spontaneous mutant (likesunnsupernodulator-lss) in Medicago truncatula, resulting in increased nodulation. Molecular genetic evidence indicated the phenotype was due to an unknown lesion resulting in cis-silencing of the SUNN gene. Altered methylation of the promoter was suspected, but analysis of the SUNN promoter by bisulfite sequencing at the time of publication revealed no significant methylation differences between the SUNN promoter in wild type and lss plants. Using advances in methylome generation we compared the methylome of wild type and the lss mutant in the larger 810 kB area of the genome where lss maps.

Data description
The data show the distribution of types of methylation across the entire genome between A17 wild type and lss mutants, the number of differentially methylated cytosines between genotypes, and the overall pattern of gene methylation between genotypes. We expect the wild type data will be especially useful as a reference for other investigations of methylation using M. truncatula.
Comprehensive mapping of the cell response to E. coli infection in porcine intestinal epithelial cells pretreated with exopolysaccharide derived from Lactobacillus reuteri
Authors: Tkáčiková Ľudmila , Mochnáčová Evelína , Tyagi Punit , Kiššová Zuzana , Bhide Mangesh 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are known to modulate immunity. To date, a plethora of studies have reported the effect of EPSs on intestinal cells; however few works have revealed a complete picture of the signalling events in intestinal epithelial cells induced by bacterial EPSs. Here, using transcriptomics, we comprehensively mapped the biological processes in porcine intestinal epithelial cells challenged with EPS derived from Lactobacillus reuteri alone, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) or ETEC after pretreatment with EPS. The Gene Ontology analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that ETEC is able to evoke biological processes specifically involved in cell junction reorganization, extracellular matrix degradation, and activation of the innate immune response through the activation of pattern recognition receptors, such as TLRs and CTRs. A total of 495 DEGs were induced in ETEC-challenged cells. On the other hand, EPS pretreatment was able to attenuate overexpression of the genes induced by ETEC infection. The most relevant finding of this study is that EPS has a suppressive effect on the inflammatory response evoked by ETEC infection. On the basis of high-throughput RNA-seq, this report is the first to describe the effects of EPSs derived from L. reuteri used as a pretreatment of global gene expression in porcine epithelial cells.
Stationarity of aftershock activities of the 2016 Central Tottori Prefecture earthquake revealed by dense seismic observation
Authors: Iio Yoshihisa , Matsumoto Satoshi , Yamashita Yusuke , Sakai Shin’ichi , Tomisaka Kazuhide , Sawada Masayo , Iidaka Takashi , Iwasaki Takaya , Kamizono Megumi , Katao Hiroshi , Kato Aitaro , Kurashimo Eiji , Teguri Yoshiko , Tsuda Hiroo , Ueno Takashi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTo clarify the relationship between earthquake occurrence and fluid, we analyzed data from a dense aftershock-observation network with 69 high-gain short-period seismographs installed immediately after the mainshock occurrence (October 21) in the aftershock area of the 2016 Central Tottori Prefecture earthquake. We determined the hypocenters and focal mechanisms of the aftershocks very precisely in the period from October 22 to December 15. We then investigated the temporal changes in the spatial distributions of hypocenters and T-axis azimuths of focal mechanisms. The distributions of aftershock hypocenters and T-axis azimuths are basically temporally stable, except those in limited portions in the shallow layer near the western edge of the aftershock area, where rapid decrease of aftershocks with T-axis azimuths of WSW to west was observed. If fluid rises from the lower crust due to fault rupture, the locations of aftershocks and focal mechanisms may change over time, especially in the deepest part of the aftershock region. However, the temporal change in these parameters was not apparent at depth. These observations suggest that the aftershock activity of the Central Tottori Prefecture earthquake was controlled mainly by stress concentration rather than strength reduction due to high fluid pressure.
Bailout procedures during percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of superficial femoral artery occlusive disease
Authors: Abd El-Mabood El-Sayed Afifi , Elkashef Omar Ahmed , Hosny Ahmed Samir , Zaghloul Hossam 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Though uncommon, complications of endovascular angioplasty and stenting may have devastating outcomes that can threaten limb and life. Adequate awareness of these complications will allow to achieve excellent clinical outcomes.

Results
Endovascular intervention was successful in treatment of most of distal SFA complications with limited use in flush ostial complications; residual stenosis ≥ 30%, flow-limiting dissection, perforation or rupture; 100% in group (2) vs 50% in group (1) but thrombosis; 75% of distal SFA lesions were treated endovascularly vs 40% of flush ostial lesions; X2 = 12.7, P = 0.02. Emergency surgery as a bailout was used for most ostial lesion complications: residual stenosis ≥ 30%, flow-limiting dissection, and perforation or rupture; 50% in group (1) vs 0% in group (2); X2 = 20.1, P = 0.01.

Conclusion
Bailout procedures are procedures used to save the limb or the patient. Evolving endovascular strategies embrace new technologies in an attempt to improve the safety and efficacy of revascularization procedures for lower extremity arterial occlusive disease.
Data-Driven Modeling of the Bicalutamide Dissolution from Powder Systems
Authors: Mendyk Aleksander , Pacławski Adam , Szafraniec-Szczęsny Joanna , Antosik Agata , Jamróz Witold , Paluch Marian , Jachowicz Renata 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLow solubility of active pharmaceutical compounds (APIs) remains an important challenge in dosage form development process. In the manuscript, empirical models were developed and analyzed in order to predict dissolution of bicalutamide (BCL) from solid dispersion with various carriers. BCL was chosen as an example of a poor water-soluble API. Two separate datasets were created: one from literature data and another based on in-house experimental data. Computational experiments were conducted using artificial intelligence tools based on machine learning (AI/ML) with a plethora of techniques including artificial neural networks, decision trees, rule-based systems, and evolutionary computations. The latter resulting in classical mathematical equations provided models characterized by the lowest prediction error. In-house data turned out to be more homogeneous, as well as formulations were more extensively characterized than literature-based data. Thus, in-house data resulted in better models than literature-based data set. Among the other covariates, the best model uses for prediction of BCL dissolution profile the transmittance from IR spectrum at 1260 cm−1 wavenumber. Ab initio modeling–based in silico simulations were conducted to reveal potential BCL–excipients interaction. All crucial variables were selected automatically by AI/ML tools and resulted in reasonably simple and yet predictive models suitable for application in Quality by Design (QbD) approaches. Presented data-driven model development using AI/ML could be useful in various problems in the field of pharmaceutical technology, resulting in both predictive and investigational tools revealing new knowledge.
Existence and Non-Triviality of Equilibria in Economies with Default and Government
Authors: Orrillo Jaime , Filho Jolive de Santana Filho 
Published: March 2020

This paper attempts to accommodate the government into Dubey, Geanakoplos and Shubik (2005) framework in an explicit way, and proves that a non-trivial equilibrium exists. By non-trivial equilibrium, we mean an equilibrium where there exists trading in the financial markets and some private borrower defaults. The government, characterised by its spending and tax plans\footnote{Both are assumed to be exogenous like in Gale (1990).}, enters our economic model by trading financial assets in order to balance its budget. Proof of existence is made by considering a generalised game \`a la Debreu (1952)\footnote{Already well known in the GEI literature.}, and its non-triviality is obtained by using the non-differentiable optimisation theory.
Subaperture stitching interferometry based on the combination of the phase correlation and iterative gradient methods
Authors: Wang Ruoyan , Gao Zhishan , Zhu Dan , Liu Weijian , Ji Wen , Guo Zhenyan , Wang Dasen , Wang Lingjie , Xu Yao , Yuan Qun 
Published: March 2020

Subaperture stitching interferometry (SAS) is an important method for map testing of large aperture optical components, in which a mechanical structure is often employed for the testing of each subaperture. By eliminating the phase deviation of the corresponding points in the overlapping regions of every adjacent subaperture, the whole aperture map can be obtained. Accurate subaperture positioning is an important guarantee for precise stitching. In this paper, a hybrid optimization algorithm is proposed to realize subpixel-level positioning accuracy in SAS based on the combination of the phase correlation and iterative gradient methods. The phase correlation method is adopted to calculate the pixel-level positioning deviation first, and the subpixel deviation is derived and then corrected by iterative optimization through the gradient method. The subpixel-level positioning accuracy of the proposed optimization algorithm is verified by simulations and a 76.2 mm off-axis parabolic mirror is chosen as an experimental testing sample. The surface map obtained from the proposed hybrid optimization method is consistent with the full aperture testing result, which also verifies that the proposed optimization algorithm is a powerful tool with subpixel-level positioning accuracy in SAS testing.
THz white light cavity with nonlinear dispersion in graphene
Authors: Zhou Wenpeng , Cai Yongqi , Zhao Shucai , Wang Peng , Li Dehua , Kolenderski Piotr , Peng Yandong 
Published: March 2020

A white light cavity (WLC) scheme is proposed to achieve broadband response in the terahertz (THz) region by enhanced nonlinear dispersion in a magnetized graphene system. In the weak probe field limit, the cavity linewidth is narrowed due to electromagnetically induced transparency, and then it becomes nearly as broad as the empty-cavity linewidth under the condition of Autler–Towns splitting. It is interesting to find that the cavity linewidth can be further broadened by enhanced nonlinear dispersion. The simulation result shows that the response range of the cavity is from 6.273 THz to 6.308 THz under the given condition, which is nearly 11 times larger than the empty-cavity linewidth. Furthermore, the improvement in cavity transmission and the response of WLC at different frequencies are investigated.
Topological and Attribute Link Prediction using Firefly algorithm
Authors: Pulipati Srilatha , Ramakrishnan Manjula 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLink prediction problem has received remarkable interest in recent past. In this paper, firefly swarm intelligence algorithm is used to perform link prediction exploiting the topological and node attribute features of social network. Fireflies will be made to traverse on nodes and edges of social networks and the brightness of fireflies will play a major role in their movement. Common neighbor method of link prediction is used to compute similarity score upon each iteration. Performance of the proposed algorithm were analyzed over standard data sets using validation method called ten-fold method. The accuracy of proposed work is measured in terms of Area Under the Curve Characteristics (AUC), Recall and Precision. Experimental results showed that the proposed work outperforms the methods proposed in the literature.
A role of heparan sulphate proteoglycan in the cellular uptake of lipocalins ß-lactoglobulin and allergen Fel d 4
Authors: Habeler Matthias , Lindner Herbert H. , Redl Bernhard 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Lipocalins, small extracellular hydrophobic molecule carriers, can be internalized by a variety of different cells. However, to date receptors have only been identified for human lipocalins. Here, we specifically investigated uptake mechanisms for lipocalins ß-lactoglobulin and Fel d 4 in HeLa and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We provide evidence that cell surface heparan sulphate proteoglycan is essential for internalization of these lipocalins. In HeLa cells, lipocalin uptake was inhibited by competition with soluble heparin, enzymatic digestion of cellular heparan sulphate by heparinase and inhibition of its biosynthesis by sodium chlorate. Biochemical studies by heparin affinity chromatography and colocalization studies further supported a role of heparan sulphate proteoglycan in lipocalin uptake. Finally, lipocalin uptake was blocked in CHO mutant cells defective in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis whereas in wild-type cells it was clearly detectable. Thus, cell surface heparan sulphate proteoglycan represents a novel component absolutely participating in the cellular uptake of some lipocalins.