bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phase 2, randomized, double‐blind, vehicle‐controlled trial of tapinarof cream in Japanese pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Igarashi Atsuyuki , Tsuji Gaku , Murata Ryusei , Fukasawa Shuichi , Yamane Satoshi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTapinarof is a nonsteroidal, topical, aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in Japanese patients aged ≥12 years. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of tapinarof in Japanese pediatric patients aged 2 to 11 years with AD in a phase 2, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, vehicle‐controlled trial. Eligible patients (N = 121) were randomized 1:1:1 to receive tapinarof cream 0.5%, tapinarof cream 1%, or vehicle cream once daily for 8 weeks. At week 8, the least‐squares mean percent change from baseline in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) score (the primary endpoint) was −81.29% in the tapinarof 0.5% group, −77.62% in the tapinarof 1% group, and − 18.56% in the vehicle group. Reductions in EASI score at week 8 were significantly greater in the tapinarof groups than in the vehicle group (p < 0.0001 for both comparisons). The proportion of patients with ≥75% improvement from baseline in EASI score at week 8 was 77.5% in the tapinarof 0.5% group, 70.7% in the tapinarof 1% group, and 15.0% in the vehicle group. The proportion of patients who achieved an Investigator's Global Assessment score of 0 (clear) or 1 (almost clear) with ≥2‐grade improvement from baseline at week 8 was 32.5% in the tapinarof 0.5% group, 43.9% in the tapinarof 1% group, and 17.5% in the vehicle group. No treatment‐related serious adverse events (AEs) were reported; all of the AEs were mild or moderate. Common AEs in tapinarof‐treated patients included gastroenteritis, application site irritation, and nasopharyngitis. The incidence of trial discontinuations due to AEs was low in tapinarof‐treated patients (one patient for each strength). In summary, both strengths of tapinarof cream demonstrated greater efficacy than vehicle cream and were well tolerated in Japanese pediatric patients with AD.
“Handle With Care”: Consequences of Different Removal Pressures on Population Growth of the Invasive Beaver in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
Authors: González‐Calderón Alvaro , Cavia Regino , Schiavini Adrián 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe population regulation of animals depends on fertility and survivorship. Hunting can affect population growth through changes in reproduction and survivorship. Understanding these changes in vital rates is crucial for the control of invasive mammals. With the objective to assess the influence of different population removal pressures on the finite population growth rate (𝝀) of an invasive mammal, this research used demographic data estimated from 922 invasive beavers (Castor canadensis) eradicated from seven areas from Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Areas were classified into four removal pressures: higher, high‐intermediate, low‐intermediate, and lower removal pressure. The hypothesis states that the higher removal pressure produces higher population growth and resilience. Leslie matrix models were used to estimate 𝝀, generation time, damping ratio, stable age distribution, reproductive value, and the sensitivity–elasticity of survivorship and fertility of the females for each removal pressure. The 𝝀 and damping ratio increased with the removal pressure, as expected; the inverse occurred with the generation time. The survivorship of the younger age classes was the most sensitive and elastic vital rate regardless of removal pressure, followed by the breeding onset. The fertility was less relevant on 𝝀. The beaver population would depend more on the survival of kits, 1‐year‐olds, and subadults, than the number of offspring produced. A management strategy is proposed focusing on affecting the survivorship of younger age classes, eliminating first the adult animals and then the younger beavers.
Understanding the effects of alcohol policies on treatment admissions and birth outcomes among young pregnant people
Authors: Berglas Nancy F. , Thomas Sue , Treffers Ryan , Trangenstein Pamela J. , Subbaraman Meenakshi S. , Roberts Sarah C. M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study examines whether state‐level alcohol policy types in the United States relate to substance use disorder treatment admissions and birth outcomes among young pregnant and birthing people.MethodsWe used data from the Treatment Episode Data Set: Admissions (TEDS‐A) and Vital Statistics birth data for 1992–2019. We examined 16 state‐level policies, grouped into three types: youth‐specific, general population, and pregnancy‐specific alcohol policies. Using Poisson and logistic regression, we assessed policy effects for those under 21 (aged 15–20) and considered whether effects differed for those just over 21 (aged 21–24).ResultsYouth‐specific policies were not associated with treatment admissions or preterm birth. There were statistically significant associations between family exceptions to minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) policies and low birthweight, but findings were in opposite directions across possession‐focused and consumption‐focused (MLDA) policies and did not differentially apply to people 15–20 versus 21–24. Most pregnancy‐specific policies were not associated with treatment admissions, and none were significantly associated with birth outcomes. A few general population policies were associated with improved birth outcomes and/or increased treatment admissions. Specifically, both government spirits monopolies and prohibitions of spirits and heavy beer sales in gas stations were associated with decreased low birthweight among people 15–20 and among people 21–24. Effects of Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) limits varied by age, with slight reductions in adverse birth outcomes among people 15–20, as BAC limits get stronger, but slight increases for those 21–24. Although treatment admissions rates across ages were similar when BAC limits were in place, treatment admissions were greater for pregnant people 21–24 than for 15–20 when there were no BAC limits.ConclusionsGeneral population policies also appear effective for reducing the adverse effects of drinking during pregnancy for young people, including those under 21. Policies that target people based on age or pregnancy status appear less effective.
Prevalence of adults with stimulant misuse and/or stimulant use disorder in Massachusetts, USA, 2014–2021
Authors: Barocas Joshua A. , Erdman Elizabeth A. , Westfall Matthew Y. , Christine Paul J. , Bernson Dana , Villani Jennifer , Doogan Nathan J. , White Laura , Walley Alexander Y. , Bettano Amy , Wang Jianing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsStimulant‐involved overdose deaths are increasing throughout the United States. Because stimulant misuse (i.e. taking a prescribed medicine not as directed) and stimulant use disorder contribute to the surging number of stimulant‐related deaths, knowing the prevalence of stimulant misuse and use disorder is important. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of stimulant misuse and/or use disorder in Massachusetts from 2014 to 2021.Design, setting and participantsThis was a cohort study using a multiple systems estimation approach (previously known as ‘capture–recapture’), using multiple individually linked epidemiological data sources, located in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 2014–2021. People aged 18–64 years from administrative databases were linked at the individual level and included in the analysis.MeasurementsMeasurements included known and estimated counts of people with stimulant misuse and/or use disorder (as defined in each individual database) as well as total count and prevalence in Massachusetts. We performed both a stratified analysis using log‐linear models to estimate the unknown population with stimulant misuse/use disorder and a single model analysis in which demographics were used as covariates. Uncertainty is characterized using 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) on the total counts and prevalence estimates.FindingsThe number of known individuals increased during the study period from 31 037 in 2014 to 42 612 in 2021. Using the multiple systems estimation approach, the estimated prevalence of underlying stimulant misuse and/or use disorder population ranged from 4.1 to 7.1% during the study period in the stratified analysis and 4.2 to 6.8% in the single model. By race, the highest prevalence estimates were among the Black non‐Hispanic population, which showed a prevalence of up to 14.5% (95% CI = 14.32%, 14.57%) in 2021.ConclusionsThe estimated prevalence of stimulant misuse and/or use disorder in Massachusetts from 2014 to 2021 ranged from 4% to nearly 7% of the population. People from racial minorities appear to be disproportionately affected compared with the white non‐Hispanic population. The unknown population accounted for large proportions of the total estimated population.
The validity of teledentistry examinations during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Mahony T , George A , Kezhekkekara SG , Villarosa A , Friel C , Yaacoub A 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, non‐urgent dental treatments were deferred. To identify and prioritize urgent dental patients, teledentistry was implemented across NSW public dental services. This study aimed to establish the validity of teledentistry examinations to provide a clinical diagnosis compared to face‐to‐face, clinical examination.MethodsA retrospective review using convenience sampling was used to source clinical data from a public dental service for two periods in 2020 and 2021. Researchers compared the diagnoses identified from teledentistry consultations with follow‐up face‐to‐face consultations, diagnoses were grouped into 14 sub‐categories that broadly covered common oral health conditions and pathologies. Sensitivity, specificity, NPV and PPV were calculated.ResultsThe study included 1965 patients who underwent teledentistry followed by face‐to‐face consultations, with a mean age of 47.79 ± 21.92 years. Teledentistry showed high specificity ranging from 74.08% to 99.95% while the sensitivity ranged from 18.75% to 100%. The highest specificity (99.90%) was noted for diagnosing orthodontic concerns. The lowest specificity was observed for irreversible pulpal diseases at 74.08%.ConclusionTeledentistry has a role in public dental services, diagnosing various dental conditions and identifying patient acuity. It can provide patients with oral health information/advice and ensures effective use of emergency appointments within public dental services.
The Safety and Anti‐Reflex Effect of Robotic Double‐Tract Reconstruction After Proximal Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer
Authors: Inokuchi Mikito , Yamaguchi Kazuya , Ogo Taichi , Masuda Taiki , Nagano Hiroto , Irie Takumi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeDouble‐tract reconstruction (DTR) is one of the major procedures following proximal gastrectomy (PG) with anti‐reflex function for the esophagus. Although many studies demonstrated the feasibility of laparoscopic DTR, there is a lack of research on robotic DTR. We aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of robotic DTR following PG.MethodsEsophagojejunostomy was performed with a robotic stapler under endoscopic observation using the TilePro function of the Davinci Xi surgical system. The gastrojejunostomy procedure slightly differed depending on the size of the remnant stomach. Along with short‐term surgical outcomes, long‐term outcomes were compared based on the size of the remnant stomach.ResultThirty patients underwent robotic DTR. The median value of operative bleeding was 10 mL, although the median operative and reconstruction times were 398 and 119 min, respectively. Anastomotic complications were absent, and reflux esophagitis was not observed endoscopically 1 year after operation. Body weight loss, symptoms, and blood test findings did not differ significantly.ConclusionRobotic DTR may be a safe and favorable procedure in terms of the postoperative course and incidence of reflux esophagitis.
CSNK2B Mutation: A Rare Cause of IGHD
Authors: Aouchiche Karine , Romanet Pauline , Barlier Anne , Brue Thierry , Pertuit Morgane , Reynaud Rachel , Saveanu Alexandru 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivePoirier‐Bienvenu neurodevelopmental syndrome (POBINDS) is a rare neurodevelopmental syndrome, resulting from germline heterozygous CSNKB2 pathogenic variants. The main presentations are severe epilepsy, delayed psychomotor development, and/or profound intellectual disability. More recently, CSNK2B pathogenic variants have been reported in patients with mild intellectual disability and no history of epileptic symptoms. Short stature is present in 66% of patients, in half of these cases due to proven growth hormone deficiency.MethodsWhole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed through a French genomic program for a patient with isolated growth hormone deficiency after negative next generation sequencing (NGS) results. NGS panel analysis of CSNK2B and genes involved in isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) was performed in 44 patients from the Genhypopit network (n = 2144) with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and intellectual disability (ID) or epilepsy and in a convenience cohort of 68 GHD patients.ResultsWe present the first case of POBINDS presenting mainly as growth delay due to GHD. Genome analysis revealed a de novo pathogenic variant in the translation initiation codon of CSNK2B (c.1 A > G, p.(Met1?)). The patient had mild intellectual disability and subsequent analysis of the patient's clinical history revealed that he had had febrile convulsions, compatible with POBINDS. No CSNK2B pathogenic variants were identified among the 44 selected patients with GHD and ID or epilepsy, or in a convenience cohort of 68 patients with GHD.ConclusionAlthough rare, pediatricians should be aware that POIBNDS syndrome may present as IGHD with mild ID.
Talking Fanart: Small Stories About Drawings and Games
Authors: Aarsand Pål 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe present paper investigates small stories of Minecraft fanart as a part of children's gaming practices. The data consists of interviews with ten Swedish children between 10 and 18 years old about the creation of digital drawings. Taking an ethnomethodological and conversation analytical approach paper directs attention to how Finley talks about and displays fanart as a practice that is composed of knowledge and skills from various metagame activities and fields of knowledge. It is shown how Finley demonstrates advanced and systematic ways of talking about drawings and explains how to see and understand them.
The Orange Ribbon and the Pitiful Child: Investigating Child Abuse, Family Normativity and the Welfare State in Japan
Authors: Chapman Christopher 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFor over 15 years the Japanese government has promoted a national campaign on child abuse awareness and tasked authorities with addressing rising child abuse reports. With an orange ribbon as its symbol, a key aspect of this campaign, alongside casework, is the creation and circulation of visual‐discursive representations of abused children. Drawing on 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork on child protection practice, this paper contextualises the social construction of child abuse by critiquing the cultural and technical logics of abuse and protection discourse. Appeals to vulnerability, rights and duty bridge public and expert fields and position an image of pity as a call to action that drives child abuse prevalence as well as enduring dispositions by the state towards intrafamily normativity and a minimalist welfare state.
Influence of Implant Component Materials on Peri‐Implant Soft Tissue Healing: A Comparative Histological and Immunohistochemical Study in Humans
Authors: Liegeois Lemmy , Borie Manon , Lecloux Geoffrey , Van Hede Dorien , Lambert France 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecently, the importance of peri‐implant soft tissue integration quality has been recognised as an essential factor in the long‐term success of dental implant rehabilitation.AimThe aim of this study was to explore the influence of three materials commonly used in implant dentistry, namely titanium (Ti), dental adhesive resin (Re) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK), on the peri‐implant soft tissues.MethodsIn this clinical randomised comparative study, 37 bone‐level implants were placed, and experimental transmucosal healing abutments made of different materials were randomly assigned to each implant. These abutments were removed together with the surrounding soft tissues after 8 weeks. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to determine the presence and localisation of different immune cells. In addition, clinical and radiographic data were collected and peri‐implant bone remodeling was assessed.ResultsCompared to the Ti and PEEK groups, Re abutments revealed a higher infiltration of macrophages in the connective tissue (p = 0.04) and neutrophils in the adjacent epithelium (p = 0.03). In the Re abutments, peri‐implant bone remodeling was higher compared to the other groups (p = 0.01).ConclusionThe use of resin material as a transmucosal healing abutment should be carefully considered as it was associated with a higher presence of inflammatory cells at 8 weeks post‐implantation as well as superior bone remodeling compared to PEEK and Ti.
Relationship between wettability of cotton and dyeing properties of reactive dyes in a non‐aqueous medium system
Authors: Wang Zhengkai , Zhang Hongjuan , Dai Bingyu , Zhang Yanliang , Wang Jiping 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHerein, we initially used sodium hydroxide to pretreat cotton fabric to obtain different wettability. Then the non‐aqueous dyeing system was applied to the eco‐friendly dyeing and washing process of cotton fibre. Meanwhile, Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and zeta potential analysis were performed to analyse the difference of cotton fibres before and after pretreatment. Furthermore, the effect of pretreatment on the adsorption behaviour was investigated by molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. Compared with control cotton, an approximate increase of 23.0% in the colour strength (K/S) value was achieved. Findings from FTIR and zeta potential showed that the number of available hydroxyl groups of cotton involved in the dyeing increased after pretreatment. MD simulations demonstrated reactive dye molecules showed a faster adsorption behaviour on the fibre surface with good wettability. It was attributed to the increased interaction energy between dye molecules and cotton fibres. Therefore, improving the cotton fabric's wettability is an effective way to improve the utilisation rate of reactive dyes in a non‐aqueous medium dyeing system.
Single‐Cell Multiomics Reveals TCR Clonotype‐Specific Phenotype and Stemness Heterogeneity of T‐ALL Cells
Authors: Sui Songnan , Wei Xiaolei , Zhu Yue , Feng Qiuyue , Zha Xianfeng , Mao Lipeng , Huang Boya , Lei Wen , Chen Guobing , Zhan Huien , Chen Huan , Feng Ru , Zeng Chengwu , Li Yangqiu , Luo Oscar Junhong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTT‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T‐ALL) is a heterogeneous malignant disease with high relapse and mortality rates. To characterise the multiomics features of T‐ALL, we conducted integrative analyses using single‐cell RNA, TCR and chromatin accessibility sequencing on pre‐ and post‐treatment peripheral blood and bone marrow samples of the same patients. We found that there is transcriptional rewiring of gene regulatory networks in T‐ALL cells. Some transcription factors, such as TCF3 and KLF3, showed differences in activity and expression levels between T‐ALL and normal T cells and were associated with the prognosis of T‐ALL patients. Furthermore, we identified multiple malignant TCR clonotypes among the T‐ALL cells, where the clonotypes consisted of distinct combinations of the same TCR α and β chain per patient. The T‐ALL cells displayed clonotype‐specific immature thymocyte cellular characteristics and response to chemotherapy. Remarkably, T‐ALL cells with an orphan TCRβ chain displayed the strongest stemness and resistance to chemotherapy. Our study provided transcriptome and epigenome characterisation of T‐ALL cells categorised by TCR clonotypes, which may be helpful for the development of novel predictive markers to evaluate treatment effectiveness for T‐ALL.
Girdin deficiency causes developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with hippocampal sclerosis and interneuronopathy
Authors: Iida Machiko , Tanaka Motoki , Takagi Tsuyoshi , Matsuki Tohru , Kimura Kimihiro , Shibata Kazuki , Kobayashi Yohei , Mizutani Yuka , Kuwamura Haruki , Yamada Keitaro , Kitaura Hiroki , Kakita Akiyoshi , Sakakibara Mayu , Asai Naoya , Takahashi Masahide , Asai Masato 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveLoss‐of‐function mutations in the GIRDIN/CCDC88A gene cause developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) in humans. However, its pathogenesis is largely unknown. Global knockout mice of the corresponding orthologous gene (gKOs) have a preweaning lethal phenotype with growth failure, preventing longitudinal analysis. We aimed to overcome this lethality and elucidate DEE pathogenesis.MethodsWe developed a novel lifelong feeding regimen (NLFR), which consists of providing mash food from postnatal day 14 (P14) until weaning (P28), followed by agar‐bound food exclusively after weaning. Videography, electroencephalography (EEG), and histological analyses were performed. Conditional Girdin/Ccdc88a knockout mice (cKOs) of variable lineages (Nestin, Emx1, or Nkx2‐1) were generated to identify the region responsible for epilepsy.ResultsUnder the NLFR, gKOs survived beyond 1 year and displayed fully penetrant, robust epileptic phenotypes, including early‐onset (P22.3 in average) generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCSs) (averaging eight per day), which were completely synchronized with fast rhythms on EEG, frequent interictal electroencephalographic spikes (averaging 430 per hour), and progressive deformation of visceral organs. In addition, gKOs had absence seizures, which were not always time‐locked to frequent spike waves on EEG. The frequent GTCSs and interictal spikes in gKOs were suppressed by known antiepileptic drugs. Histologically, bilateral hippocampi in gKOs exhibited congenital cornu‐ammonis splitting, granule cell dispersion, and astrogliosis. Furthermore, analysis of conditional knockouts using multiple Cre‐deleters identified a defect in the delivery of interneuron precursors from the medial ganglionic eminence into the hippocampal primordium during embryogenesis as a major cause of epileptogenesis.SignificanceThese findings give rise to a new approach of lifelong caregiving to overcome the problem of preweaning lethality in animal models. We propose a useful model for studying DEE with hippocampal sclerosis and interneuronopathy. gKOs with NLFR combine the contradictory properties of robust epileptic phenotypes and long‐term survivability, which can be used to investigate spontaneous epileptic wave propagation and therapeutic intervention in hippocampal sclerosis.