bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disruptions during a pandemic: Gaps identified and lessons learned
Authors: Elangovan Satheesh , Mahrous Ahmed , Marchini Leonardo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGlobal disruptions caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) affects all walks of life, and dentistry and dental education are no exceptions. Dental education uniquely blends didactic courses and hands‐on clinical training seamlessly to prepare oral healthcare providers of the future. Apart from economical and access to care implications, closure of all the dental institutions in the United States affects their educational mission greatly, equally disturbing pre‐doctoral and graduate training. Efforts are ongoing to continue the educational mission in dental institutions by delivering scheduled course content remotely using multiple online tools. In spite of those efforts, since clinical experiences cannot be completely replaced by any available alternative method of instruction that is delivered remotely, students are missing out on valuable patient‐based clinical experiences. In this perspective article, we briefly discuss the several implications of COVID‐19, in the context of dental education. We then highlight some of the lessons we can learn from this pandemic which we hope will have several positive implications, including curricular changes, increased public health awareness and preparedness for future public health emergencies.
Unusual liver‐related heart injury
Authors: Nevola Riccardo , Rosato Valerio , Perillo Pasquale , Esposito Nicolino , Massa Domenico , Frascino Anna Maria , Capurro Vittorio , Claar Ernesto 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA 72‐year‐old man with polycystic liver disease and unexplained shock was admitted to our Emergency Department. The presence of turgidity in the jugular veins and acute prerenal kidney failure led to a possible hypothesis of right ventricular heart failure. A massive hepatic cyst resulted in right atrial compression and, secondarily, a state of shock. Surgical decompression by drainage of the hepatic cyst resulted in rapid improvement in the patient's hemodynamics. We report the description of an extremely rare complication of polycystic liver disease.
Multiple roles of caspase-8 in cell death, inflammation, and innate immunity
Authors: Orning Pontus , Lien Egil 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCaspase-8 is an apical caspase involved in the programmed form of cell death called apoptosis that is critically important for mammalian development and immunity. Apoptosis was historically described as immunologically silent in contrast to other types of programmed cell death such as necroptosis or pyroptosis. Recent reports suggest considerable crosstalk between these different forms of cell death. It is becoming increasingly clear that caspase-8 has many non-apoptotic roles, participating in multiple processes including regulation of necroptosis (mediated by receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinases, RIPK1-RIPK3), inflammatory cytokine expression, inflammasome activation, and cleavage of IL-1β and gasdermin D, and protection against shock and microbial infection. In this review, we discuss the involvement of caspase-8 in cell death and inflammation and highlight its role in innate immune responses and in the relationship between different forms of cell death. Caspase-8 is one of the central components in this type of crosstalk.
Frontline Science: Antibiotic treatment routes Mycobacterium avium to phagolysosomes without triggering proinflammatory cytokine production in human Mϕs
Authors: Åsberg Signe Elisabeth , Mediaas Sindre Dahl , Marstad Anne , Ryan Liv , Louet Claire , Sporsheim Bjørnar , Beckwith Kai Sandvold , Underhill David Michael , Gidon Alexandre , Flo Trude Helen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Mycobacterium avium (Mav) causes chronic infections in immunocompromised patients that require long-term antibiotic treatment. We have previously shown that Mav takes residence in host Mϕs and establishes a compartment (MavC) in which it is hidden from host defenses. Failure to establish the MavC traps Mav in Lamp1+ phagolysosomes where growth is prevented, and inflammatory signaling activated through TLRs 7/8. To elucidate how antibiotic treatment affects mycobacterial trafficking and host defenses, we infected human primary Mϕs with Mav for 4 days prior to treatment with a macrolide, aminoglycoside, and ethambutol. We show that Mav is killed and the MavC fuses with Lamp1+ lysosomes following antibiotic treatment. However, this does not result in nuclear translocation of NF-κB or production of inflammatory cytokines, suggesting different Lamp1+ lysosomal compartments can form that differ in their innate signaling capabilities. Thus, we show that upon antibiotic treatment of a chronic infection, Mav is quietly disposed of by Mϕs.
Changing the paradigm of IFN-γ at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity: Macrophage-derived IFN-γ
Authors: Mezouar Soraya , Mege Jean-Louis 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
IFN-γ plays a critical role in the immune response to bacterial infections. It is established that IFN-γ is mainly produced by NK/ILC1 cells and T cells, and most of papers have rejected the biologic reality of alternative sources for more than 20 years. Here, we are proposing to revisit this dogma and discuss the role of macrophage-derived IFN-γ in bacterial infections. Our hypothesis is based on a panel of publications and is recently revived by our results on placenta, a chimeric organ in which the immune response is tailored to protect the fetus from mother’s immune response. The culture of purified placental macrophages is associated with a production of IFN-γ that may contribute to fetal protection from bacterial infections before eliciting a Th1-like immune response potentially pathogenic for pregnancy. Hence, macrophage IFN-γ may be a novel actor of early crosstalk between innate and adaptive immunity in the context of host defense against bacterial infections.
Molecularly imprinted polymers—A closer look at the control polymer used in determining the imprinting effect: A mini review
Authors: Ndunda Elizabeth N. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMolecular recognition displayed by naturally occurring receptors has continued to inspire new innovations aimed at developing systems that can mimic this natural phenomenon. Since 1930s, a technology called molecular imprinting for producing biomimetic receptors has been in place. In this technology, tailor made binding sites that selectively bind a given target analyte (also called template) are incorporated in a polymer matrix by polymerizing functional monomers and cross‐linking monomers around a target analyte followed by removal of the analyte to leave behind cavities specific to the analyte. The success of the imprinting process is defined by two main figures of merit, that is, the imprinting factor, and selectivity, which are determined by comparing the amount of target analyte or structural analogue bound by the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and the nonimprinted polymer (NIP). NIP is a control synthesized alongside the MIP but in the absence of the template. However, questions arise on whether these figures of merit are reliable measures of the imprinting effect because of the significant differences between the MIP and the NIP in terms of their physical and chemical characteristics. Therefore, this review critically looks into this subject, with a view of defining the best approaches for determining the imprinting effect.
Ciliary melanin‐concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1) is widely distributed in the murine CNS in a sex‐independent manner
Authors: Diniz Giovanne B. , Battagello Daniella S. , Klein Marianne O. , Bono Bianca S. M. , Ferreira Jozélia G. P. , Motta‐Teixeira Livia C. , Duarte Jessica C. G. , Presse Françoise , Nahon Jean‐Louis , Adamantidis Antoine , Chee Melissa J. , Sita Luciane V. , Bittencourt Jackson C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMelanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) is a ubiquitous vertebrate neuropeptide predominantly synthesized by neurons of the diencephalon that can act through two G protein‐coupled receptors, called MCHR1 and MCHR2. The expression of Mchr1 has been investigated in both rats and mice, but its synthesis remains poorly described. After identifying an antibody that detects MCHR1 with high specificity, we employed immunohistochemistry to map the distribution of MCHR1 in the CNS of rats and mice. Multiple neurochemical markers were also employed to characterize some of the neuronal populations that synthesize MCHR1. Our results show that MCHR1 is abundantly found in a subcellular structure called the primary cilium, which has been associated, among other functions, with the detection of free neurochemical messengers present in the extracellular space. Ciliary MCHR1 was found in a wide range of areas, including the olfactory bulb, cortical mantle, striatum, hippocampal formation, amygdala, midline thalamic nuclei, periventricular hypothalamic nuclei, midbrain areas, and in the spinal cord. No differences were observed between male and female mice, and interspecies differences were found in the caudate‐putamen nucleus and the subgranular zone. Ciliary MCHR1 was found in close association with several neurochemical markers, including tyrosine hydroxylase, calretinin, kisspeptin, estrogen receptor, oxytocin, vasopressin, and corticotropin‐releasing factor. Given the role of neuronal primary cilia in sensing free neurochemical messengers in the extracellular fluid, the widespread distribution of ciliary MCHR1, and the diverse neurochemical populations who synthesize MCHR1, our data indicate that nonsynaptic communication plays a prominent role in the normal function of the MCH system.
Evaluation and comparison of the microbial communities and volatile profiles in homemade suansun from Guangdong and Yunnan provinces in China
Authors: Guan Qianqian , Zheng Wendi , Mo Jialing , Huang Tao , Xiao Yangsheng , Liu Zhanggen , Peng Zhen , Xie Mingyong , Xiong Tao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDSuansun is a traditional salt‐free fermented bamboo shoot product that has been widely consumed as a cooking ingredient in south China for centuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the microbial and metabolic diversity in samples of two kinds of suansun, namely Guangdong suansun (GD) and Yunnan suansun (YN), using high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) and headspace solid‐phase microextraction‐gas chromatograph–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME/GC–MS), respectively, and then to assess the influence of environmental factors on the microbial communities.RESULTSThe results showed that Lactobacillus and Serratia were the most abundant bacterial genera in both the GD and YN groups. For the fungi, Pichia, Candida, and Debaryomyces were the major genera in the GD group, whereas Pichia and Zygosaccharomyces were the dominant genera in the YN group. The canonical correlation analysis (CCA) results demonstrated that three environmental factors – temperature, longitude, and altitude – play a more important role in affecting the microbial community composition of suansun than physical and chemical factors. The fugal community composition was more influenced by environmental factors than the bacterial community. The volatile profile of the GD group differed from that of the YN group, and the difference was mainly reflected in the relative alcohol, aldehyde, ester, and aromatic compound content.CONCLUSIONSThis study provided insights into the microbial and metabolic profiles of suansun products. The findings might be useful for the improvement and standardization of suansun production. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
The Role of α, γ, and Metastable Polymorphs on Electrospun Polyamide 6/Functionalized Graphene Oxide
Authors: Macossay Javier , Avila‐Vega Yazmín I. , Sheikh Faheem A. , Cantu Travis , Longoria‐Rodríguez Francisco E. , Ramírez‐Soria Edgar H. , Advíncula Rigoberto C. , Bonilla‐Cruz José 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe present paper describes the addition of nitroxide‐functionalized graphene oxide (GOFT) into polyamide 6 (PA6) micro‐ and nanofibers, which are obtained through electrospinning. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs demonstrate the presence of fibers. Tensile testing presents an unexpected and non‐obvious behavior, in which the Young's modulus, tensile strength, and elongation simultaneously and remarkably increase compared to the pristine polymer nanofibers. GOFT induces the hydrogen bonding between the NH group from PA6 with the functional groups, thus promoting higher crystallinity of the polymer matrix. Nonetheless, deconvoluted curves by differential scanning calorimetry reveal the presence of two quasi‐steady polymorphs (β and δ phases) contributing to 46% of the total crystallinity. This evidence suggests that their presence and high ratios are responsible for the unexpected and simultaneous enhancement of tensile properties.
Enhancing the lifetime and corrosion resistance of gears made of carbon steel
Authors: Ramlee E.B. , Hussain P.B. , Shaik N.B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGears for structural machines require high fatigue strength for high performance. Generally, gears made of carbon steel easily corrode, thus, shortening their fatigue life. The aim of this paper is to improve the fatigue strength of carbon steel gears by means of heat treatment method which was nitriding composed of 95 % nitrogen gas as well as 5 % hydrogen gas, and to investigate its properties after nitriding. Therefore, in order to find the optimum nitriding temperature to increase the hardness and corrosion resistance of gears, the gas nitriding process was conducted at two different tube furnace temperatures: low (550 °C) and high (1150 °C), both for four hours. Microstructural and mechanical property evaluation of the low and high temperature nitrided low‐carbon steel BS970‐080A15 were studied and the results were compared to identify which gear had better performance in terms of hardness as well as corrosion resistance. The results from Vickers hardness test and weight loss analysis proved that high temperature nitrided carbon steel is harder and more corrosion resistant than the low temperature one.
Effective beneficiation of low content nickel ferrous laterite using fluxing agent through Na2SO4 selective reduction
Authors: Widyartha B. , Setiyorini Y. , Abdul F. , Subakti T.J. , Pintowantoro S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTo address the issue of high energy employment and un‐green processing in limonitic laterites extraction, selective reduction using Na2SO4 additive with the introduction of different fluxes including quicklime, dolomite, and limestone followed by magnetic separation was studied. The objective of the research was to find out the influence of fluxes in optimizing ferronickel product of reduction. The reduction process was carried out at 1400 °C for 6 hours and the obtained product was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), emission dispersive x‐ray (EDX), and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) to image the morphology, determine the composition, and examine the mineralogical structure. Result showed that the employment of fluxes exhibited positive effect in improving the product. The highest nickel grade was 21.68 % using limestone flux, while the most promising recovery was 93.73 % utilizing dolomite flux. Meanwhile, mineralogical assessment also proved that the ascending of nickel content is due to the formation of troilite (FeS) as the result of synergy between Na2SO4 additives and carbonate minerals from fluxes. This result exhibits a notable performance of fluxes for improving the product of selective reduction.
Train to Lose: Innate Immune Memory in Metaflammation
Authors: Charles‐Messance Hugo , Sheedy Frederick J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWesternized diets and lifestyle are linked to the development of metabolic syndrome, characterized by obesity, type 2 diabetes, and increased cardiovascular disease risk. Systemic low‐grade inflammation is a common feature of chronic metabolic disorders and is believed to promote disease progression. Therefore, modulating inflammation is a commonly explored strategy to prevent obesity‐associated co‐morbidities. In this review, how current knowledge on the recently described concept of innate immune memory could underline metaflammation in the context of metabolic syndrome is explored. It is hoped that these insights provide a new perspective to address the question of innate immune activation during disease progression.
Remotely controlled reconfigurable antenna for modern 5G networks applications
Authors: Elwi Taha A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this work, a low‐profile antenna based on metamaterial (MTM) of a Hilbert‐shaped fractal with 3 × 2 array printed on a rectangular area and fed with a coplanar waveguide structure is exemplified for this study. The antenna is designed to show a reconfigurable performance that is remotely controlled through tuning the light intensity on an array of photo‐resistors to enable dynamic reconfiguration with control circuitry free wires over multiband of frequencies. From the measured antenna gain spectrum, a significant change in the antenna gain is found due to illuminating the photo‐resistors that suits the application of amplitude shift keying (ASK). For instance, at 2.45 GHz the gain is raised from 1.2 up to 7.8 dBi and at 5.8 GHz the gain enhancement is found about 6.6 dBi.
Exploring the potential of acceptance and commitment therapy model in self‐care behaviour in persons with heart failure
Authors: Al‐Hammouri Mohammed Munther , Rababah Jehad A. , Aldalaykeh Mohammed 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimThis study examined the interaction among cognitive fusion, mindfulness and committed action on the self‐care behaviour in person with heart failure as guided by the acceptance and commitment therapy model.DesignAn exploratory cross‐sectional design was used.MethodParticipants with heart failure from in‐patients setting (N = 165) were recruited from two major regional hospitals. Data were collected using self‐report questionnaires of the study variables and demographic characteristics. Data were analysed using Hayes SPSS process macros.ResultsBased on the acceptance and commitment therapy model propositions, all main and interaction effects, except for cognitive fusion, were significant. The current study showed that the main effect of the study variables on self‐care behaviour was insufficient and adding complex interactions between these variables improved the model fit, as it was suggested by the acceptance and commitment therapy model.
A reduced‐order extrapolating space–time continuous finite element method for the 2D Sobolev equation
Authors: Yang Jing , Luo Zhendong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper mainly concerns with the order reduction to the coefficient vectors of the classical space–time continuous finite element (STCFE) solutions for a two‐dimensional Sobolev equation. The classical STCFE model is first constructed for the governing equation, and the theoretical results of the existence, stability, and convergence are provided for the STCFE solutions. We then employ a proper orthogonal decomposition to develop a reduced‐order extrapolating STCFE (ROESTCFE) vector model with the lower dimension, and demonstrate the existence, stability, and convergence for the ROESTCFE solutions by the matrix means, resulting in the very concise and flexible theoretical analysis. Lastly, we examine the effectiveness of the developed ROESTCFE model by several numerical tests. It is shown that the ROESTCFE method is computationally very cheap in actual applications.
Interdigitated back‐contacted structure: A different approach towards high‐efficiency ultrathin copper indium gallium (di)selenide solar cells
Authors: Rezaei Nasim , Procel Paul , Simor Marcel , Vroon Zeger , Zeman Miro , Isabella Olindo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn interdigitated back‐contacted (IBC) configuration is proposed for submicron copper indium gallium (di)selenide (CIGS). In a modelling platform, the structure was opto‐electrically optimized for maximum efficiency. The results are compared with a reference front/back‐contacted (FBC) solar cell with similar absorber thickness and exhibiting 11.9% efficiency. The electrical passivation at the front side is accomplished by an Al2O3 layer, which is endowed with negative fixed charges. The results indicate that with an optimal geometry and engineered bandgap grading, the efficiency of the new IBC structure can reach 17%. Additionally, with a reasonably low defect density in the absorber layer, efficiencies as high as 19.7% and open‐circuit voltage comparable with that of the record solar cell are possible with the IBC structure.
Estimating the intermediate precision in petroleum analysis by (±)electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Folli Gabriely S. , Souza Lindamara M. , Araújo Bruno Q. , Romão Wanderson , Filgueiras Paulo R. 
Published: June 2020

RationaleElectrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT‐ICR MS) is an important analytical technique used for the elucidation of crude oil polar compounds at the molecular level, providing thousands of heteroatom compounds in a single analysis. Due to the high resolution, the complexity of data produced, and steps involved in spectra acquisition and processing, it is necessary to estimate its intermediate precision.MethodsIntermediate precision was estimated for positive‐ and negative‐ion ionization modes (ESI(±)) using Composer® software for two Brazilian crude oil samples. The analytical parameters evaluated were the class distribution histogram, the double bond equivalent (DBE) distribution, and the DBE versus carbon number. The statistical parameters used to study the intermediate precision were calculated from the average, standard deviation, confidence interval (significance level at 5%), coefficient of variation (CV), intermediate precision limit (ISO 5725), and principal component analysis (PCA).ResultsTwo crude oil samples (A and B) were analyzed, in triplicate, for seven consecutive days by ESI(±) FT‐ICR MS. The assigned class limit by ESI(+) for crude oil A was 0.42% (O2S[H] class) and for crude oil B was 0.04% (N2O2S[H] class). The assigned DBE intensity limits for the two crude oils were 0.04% for ESI(+) and 0.013% for ESI(−). The PCA for ESI(−) and ESI(+) modes presented better precision for crude oils B and A, respectively.ConclusionsThe most abundant classes and DBE of the majority class (i.e., with the highest intensity) are the parameters produced from the Composer® software that had the highest precision and can be used to estimate crude oil properties. The DBE values presented lower intermediate precision limit values (0.04%) than the assigned class values (0.4%). According to CV and PCA, ESI(+) was more precise for crude oil A (83% precision) and ESI(−) for crude oil B (84% precision).
Humidity Sensing Properties of Organometallic Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3
Authors: Ilin Alexander S. , Forsh Pavel A. , Martyshov Mikhail N. , Kazanskii A. G. , Forsh Ekaterina A. , Kashkarov Pavel K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is known that the photovoltaic properties of organic perovskite based solar cells decline at high humidity that is one of the perovskite solar cells disadvantages. We investigated the effect of humidity on the perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 conductivity that can be applied to creation of cheap and effective humidity sensors. The measurements have shown that perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 has a competitively high sensitivity to humidity. The mechanisms that lead to a change in the perovskite conductivity in a humid environment are proposed.