bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orthodontic Bracket to Enamel Pretreated With Nd: YAG and Er: Cr, YSGG Lasers Using Curcumin‐Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Infused Adhesive: A FTIR, SEM Evaluation via Backscattered Electron Imaging
Authors: Kamran Muhammad Abdullah , Almoammar Salem 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTo evaluate the SBS, DC, and rheological valuation of experimental 1 wt % Cur‐loaded‐HNPs orthodontic adhesive to bond bracket to enamel surface treated with PA; Nd: YAG, and Er: Cr, YSGG lasers. Two adhesives were prepared experimental adhesive (EA) and EA loaded with 1‐wt % Cur‐HNP. Surface characterization of Cur‐loaded HNP was performed under SEM along with EDS. Specimens were prepared and conditioned with three different strategies PA‐gel, Er,Cr:YSGG laser, Nd: YAG laser. Following pretreatment brackets were bonded, samples underwent artificial aging and two samples from each enamel pretreatment regime were assessed under SEM via BSE. SBS testing was achieved via UTM followed by failure analysis using ARI. Modified and unmodified adhesives underwent DC using FTIR and rheological valuation was performed. SBS and DC were assessed using ANOVA and post hoc multiple comparison tests. The highest SBS was seen in the enamel surface treated with PA. The lowest SBS was remarked in the enamel surface treated with Nd: YAG laser. Based on ARI it was noted that modified adhesive containing Cur‐HNP exhibited the highest number of failures between 1 and 2. No significant difference was observed between both adhesives in terms of DC. Adhesive modified with 1% Cur‐HNP increased viscosity with a decrease in fluidity. The use of Er,Cr:YSGG laser for enamel pretreatment before bracket placement showed potential as a substitute for conventional acid etching, especially when combined with an experimental orthodontic adhesive containing Cur‐HNPs.
MPI‐ESM Grand Ensemble‐Simulated Influence of the Mount Pinatubo Volcanic Eruption on Winter Climate Over the Mid‐to High‐Latitude Northern Hemisphere Continents
Authors: Qin Zongjin , Wang Tao , Gao Ya , Fu Yuanhai 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, the effects of the Mount Pinatubo eruption on surface air temperature (SAT) over mid‐ to high‐latitude Northern Hemisphere (NH) continents in December–January–February (DJF) 1991/92 were investigated using MPI‐ESM Grand Ensemble simulations, observations and reanalysis data. The results indicated that the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption was not the primary cause of the SAT warming anomaly over the mid‐ to high‐latitude NH continents in DJF 1991/92. In the observations, a positive Arctic Oscillation (AO) or North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)‐like pattern dominated the warming of Eurasia, while a Pacific North American (PNA)‐like pattern dominated the warming of North America. However, the model ensemble mean (MEM) simulated SAT and sea level pressure anomalies were much weaker over high‐latitude continents. Furthermore, by categorising the 100 MPI‐ESM Grand Ensemble simulations into four categories, we found that the probability of warm and cold temperature anomalies occurring over Eurasia and North America was nearly equal. Only about 22% of the MPI‐ESM Grand Ensemble members simulated winter warming over the mid‐ to high‐latitude NH continents that matched observations. Our study suggested that this winter warming was mostly caused by the internal variability of the climate system, which was consistent with previous studies. A more detailed analysis indicated that, following the Mount Pinatubo eruption, the intrinsic phase shifts in the AO and PNA remained key factors driving the SAT variations in Eurasia and North America, respectively.
Laryngeal Findings in a 20‐Month‐Old With Cri du Chat Syndrome
Authors: Braunstein Doris , Jones Holly , Heffernan Colleen 
Published: December 2024

Laryngeal anatomical variations in Cri du Chat syndrome remain incompletely characterized in the medical literature, with few published photographic documentations. We present a case of a 20‐month‐old male with confirmed 5p15 deletion who presented with congenital inspiratory stridor and dysphagia. Videofluoroscopic evaluation at 13 months demonstrated aspiration of thin liquids.Microlaryngobronchoscopy revealed a Cormack‐Lehane grade 3 view with a retroflexed epiglottis secondary to tight aryepiglottic folds, and laterally positioned false vocal cords resulting in broad, flat ventricles. Bilateral aryepiglottic fold division improved direct laryngoscopic visualization to Cormack‐Lehane grade 1. This report provides detailed laryngeal characterization with photographic documentation, contributing to the understanding of airway variations in this syndrome. Recognition of these anatomical features is crucial for optimizing airway management strategies in this patient population. Laryngoscope, 2024
Tension fluctuation analysis and structure optimization of yarn carriers in the carbon fiber braiding machine
Authors: Du Yage , He Lei , An Zhengyu , Qi Bin , Dong Benfengnian , Wang Yinghao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn the process of carbon fiber braiding, yarn carriers are the key component, and their ability to maintain stable tension is critical for producing high‐performance composite preforms. However, there are several issues with present yarn carriers, such as sudden changes in tension and excessive fluctuation, which often result in fiber breakage and seriously affect material qualities. To address these issues, the tension mathematical model is established based on the working principle of the slider‐type yarn carrier, which reveals that the separation of slider 2 and slider 1 caused by the ratchet and brake block structure is the root cause of the impact load. Second, the accuracy of the theoretical model is verified by dynamic simulation and the tension test, and the impact phenomenon is captured by a high‐speed camera. The research demonstrates that by decreasing the angle φ, the impact load can be efficiently decreased or removed. The amplitude of tension fluctuations is significantly influenced by the spring's elastic coefficient, preload, and friction coefficient. Finally, a genetic algorithm was used to optimize the structure, and the amplitude of tension fluctuation was reduced by 54.3% after optimization. This work offers significant guidance for enhancing the performance of yarn carriers.Highlights
A theoretical model that describes the impact load generated by yarn carriers is developed.
The origin of the impact load is revealed by a multi‐dimensional research method.
Structural optimization for the issues of sudden tension changes and excessive fluctuations
Flexible strain sensors based on carbon nanotubes/polydimethylsiloxane composites with a segregated structure prepared by sustainable emulsion method
Authors: Jia Bin , Liu Zhouyu , Xiang Dong , Liu Libing , Sun Haoming , Wu Yuanpeng , Mu Mulan , Wang Bin , Zhao Chunxia , Li Hui 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFlexible strain sensors have been widely used in many fields because of their excellent adaptability and flexibility. Nonetheless, creating these sensors through simple methods that achieve a low percolation threshold and high sensitivity continues to pose a challenge. In this paper, a segregated structure was realized in a carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane (CNT/PDMS‐S) strain sensor by a sustainable emulsion method that involved the mixing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), CNTs, PDMS and water. The incorporation of CNC improved the stability of CNTs in aqueous suspension. Consequently, The CNT@CNC nanocomposites were strategically placed in the gaps between the PDMS microspheres, creating a segregated structure. The segregated structure notably lowered the percolation threshold of the composite to 0.49 wt%. Moreover, we found that the CNT/PDMS‐S sensor containing 1.5 wt% CNTs showed excellent sensing performance, which not only had a wide strain measurement range and could adapt to the strain change from 0% to 70%, but also had high sensitivity with a gauge factor (GF) of 290 at 70% strain. Meanwhile, the sensor had an excellent linear response (R2 ≥ 0.96) and can monitor the minimum strain of 0.1%. The proposed sensor demonstrated excellent response when applied to sense wrist movement, facial movement and closure, and syllable recognition.Highlights
Strain sensors with a segregated structure were realized by a sustainable method.
The segregated structure greatly reduces the percolation threshold of sensor.
The sensor has a high sensitivity, linearity, and wide strain detection range.
The sensor features high resolution for tiny deformations sensing.
Shrubs Strongly Influence Snow Properties in Two Subarctic Watersheds
Authors: Lathrop Emma , Thomas Lauren , Gasarch Eve , Bachand Claire , Bolton W. Robert , Busey Robert , Crumley Ryan L. , Dann Julian , Dillard Shannon L. , Bennett Katrina E. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding changes in snow distribution in permafrost ecosystems is fundamental to predicting their response to future climate change. The expansion of tall shrubs into tundra ecosystems can trap snow and insulate permafrost ecosystems during the winter, but the overall insulation effect is dependent upon many ecosystem properties. To study shrub–snow–ground interactions, small temperature sensors were deployed at two research sites on the Seward Peninsula of Alaska, USA, during the 2019–2020 winter. Snow temperatures were used to extrapolate multiple metrics, including freezing n‐factors, the snow insulation effect, snow cover duration, and the length of the snowmelt period. Statistical and spatial analysis showed that shrub patches were a dominant control on all snow metrics. Within shrub patches, average ground temperatures were 2.1°C warmer, snow persisted 50 days longer, snow insulation was double, and a longer, later spring snowmelt period occurred compared to nonshrubby areas. Site‐level differences contributed relatively little to variation in snow metrics, indicating that shrub presence is an overarching driver of snow–ground interactions at the locations examined. Shrub expansion, which is anticipated under climate change, will strongly impact future permafrost distribution and Arctic energy, water, and carbon cycles through snow–shrub–ground feedbacks.
Single and dual RPA‐CRISPR/Cas assays for point‐of‐need detection of Stewart's wilt pathogen (Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii) of corn and Maize dwarf mosaic virus
Authors: Tian Qian , Zhou Hua , Zhao Zhenxing , Zhang Yongjiang , Zhao Wenjun , Cai Lulu , Guo Tao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii and Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) infections severely affect corn productivity worldwide. Rapid point‐of‐need diagnoses of quarantine pathogens P. stewartii subsp. stewartii and MDMV are required for early detection, timely disease management and ensuring phytosanitary regulations. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is an isothermal technique suitable for rapid diagnostics using minimally processed samples. Integrating CRISPR/Cas collateral activities with the RPA assays further enhances the specificity and sensitivity of molecular toolkits for diagnostic assays.RESULTSRPA‐CRISPR/Cas12a assay targeting the intergenic spacer region between capsular polysaccharide genes cpsA and cpsB of P. stewartii subsp. stewartii detected 1 × 10−6 ng DNA μL−1 using real‐time fluorescence and blue light observation methods, and 1 × 10−4 ng DNA μL−1 using the lateral flow dipstick (LFD). Likewise, RPA‐CRISPR/Cas13a assay detected MDMV coat protein (CP) gene with an ultrasensitive detection limit of 3.69 × 10−7 ng μL−1 using the real‐time fluorescence and blue light observation methods, and 3.69 × 10−5 ng μL−1 using the LFD. The dual RPA‐CRISPR/Cas assays detected both pathogens without compromising the speed and/or detection sensitivity of the single assays.CONCLUSIONThe validated assays provide a useful and sensitive molecular tool for detecting two quarantine pathogens of maize within a minimal resource framework suitable for fast‐tracking the containment strategies. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Resilient Formation Tracking for Networked Swarm Systems Under Malicious Data Deception Attacks
Authors: Liu Yishi , Li Wenxin , Dong Xiwang , Ren Zhang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTA distributed time‐varying formation tracking method for a leader‐following networked swarm system in the presence of malicious deception attacks is proposed in this paper. Both state and output equations are injected with false data by adversaries to prevent formation tracking information transmission. The real‐time attack estimations are provided by an anomaly estimator. To design an event‐triggered secure formation tracking protocol, a state predictor is utilized to provide neighboring states. The attack estimations and neighboring error are considered in the secure control protocol, which is adjusted using the Lyapunov stability theorem. A simulation result is shown to validate that the proposed method can accomplish the desired formation tracking under deception attacks.
Construction of Pt─O Sites on Pt Nanoclusters in Silicalite‐1 Zeolite for Efficient Catalytic Oxidation of Hydrogen Isotope Gases
Authors: Wei Guilin , Zhou Linsen , Wang Xianglin , Tang Ru , Chen Kelin , Luo Junhong , Song Jiangfeng , Shi Yan , Liu Ning , Feng Xingwen 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe construction, use, and maintenance of tritium‐related equipment will inevitably produce tritium‐containing radioactive waste gas, and the production of efficient catalysts for tritium removal remains a difficult problem. Herein, silicalite‐1 zeolite with entrapped Pt nanoclusters is skillfully post‐oxidized at an appropriate temperature, building highly active Pt─O sites on the nanoclusters to achieve efficient oxidation of hydrogen isotopes at low temperatures. The designed Pt─O sites can directly participate in the oxidation reaction of hydrogen isotopes. Compared to the case without Pt─O sites, the presence of these sites significantly reduces the reaction energy barrier to 0.55 eV, enabling the catalyst to achieve a hydrogen conversion rate of 99% at a low temperature of 40 °C. Specifically, the O atoms consumed by the Pt─O sites in the reaction are replaced by O2 gas and this cycle repeats, which is consistent with the Mars‐van Krevelen (M–K) theory. This ensures efficient catalytic oxidation of hydrogen isotopes, and provides an astonishingly high conversion rate of 99% in the nearly 34 days restart performance test. The results of this study provide insights into the strategic design of efficient catalysts for hydrogen isotope oxidation.
In Situ Unravelling NiOOH Species on Flower‐Like NiFeCo LDH/Nb2CTx for Ameliorated Solar‐Powered Bifunctional Electrocatalytic Benzyl Alcohol Oxidation Coupled with Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Loh Jian Yiing , Yap Feng Ming , Siang Tan Ji , Zeng Xianhai , Ong Wee‐Jun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDeveloping bifunctional electrocatalysts from earth‐abundant first‐row transition metals for large‐scale hydrogen production through water electrolysis is both promising and challenging. This study presents a ternary layered double hydroxide (LDH) as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and benzyl alcohol oxidation (BAOR). The synergy between 2D NiFeCo LDH and non‐Ti‐based Nb2CTx MXene enhances electrochemical performance. The electrocatalyst achieves excellent results with a low potential of 1.5 V versus RHE at 100 mA cm⁻2 for BAOR, an overpotential of 320 mV at 50 mA cm⁻2 for HER, and stability over 100 h. A solar cell‐powered HER||BAOR system shows faradaic efficiency of ≈73.92% for benzaldehyde production and solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH) efficiency of ≈39.67%. In situ Raman analysis identifies the oxyhydroxide group as the real catalytic active site during BAOR. These findings offer valuable insights for linking fundamental research with technological innovation to address global challenges.
Traumatic lumbosacral instability: part 1 – proposing a definition and identifying underlying injury patterns
Authors: Lindtner Richard A. , Krappinger Dietmar , Lindahl Jan , Bellabarba Carlo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTraumatic lumbosacral instability (TLSI) generally refers to a traumatic disruption of the lumbopelvic junction. The ambiguous use of this term has contributed to confusion and limited understanding of injuries that can impact lumbosacral stability. As of now, TLSI lacks a clear definition, and the underlying injury patterns remain inadequately characterized. Therefore, the objectives of the first part of this two-part series are: (1) to establish a precise definition of TLSI, (2) to identify and systematically characterize the injury patterns underlying TLSI, and (3) to outline principles for diagnosing and classifying these underlying conditions.
High-power all-fiber tunable near-infrared 1.1 ~ 2.1 μm burst-mode supercontinuum laser
Authors: Liu Shuailin , Peng Xi , Zhang Bin , Bu Yuanzhuang , Yang Linyong , Hou Jing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrate a high-power all-fiber tunable near-infrared (NIR) burst-mode supercontinuum (SC) based on passive fiber. By optimizing the seed pulse parameters, pump energy of the main amplifier and passive fiber length, the NIR burst-mode SC spectrum with a coverage range of 1.1 ~ 2.1 μm was obtained, the subpulse repetition rate can be continuously tuned from 0.5 GHz to 10 GHz, with the highest output energy of 1.24 mJ and the peak power of ~ 200 kW. This is a fresh experimental demonstration to reveal that passive fiber can emit high power all-fiber tunable NIR burst-mode SC, which is of key importance for applications such as spectral LiDAR, optical coherence tomography (OCT), as well as multi-color fluorescence imaging.
Surface-Based Morphometry Findings Reveal Structural Alterations of the Brain in Meige Syndrome
Authors: Tang Yunyu , Liu Ruen 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To compare structural alterations in the brains of Meige syndrome (MS) patients with those of healthy controls (HCs) by using surface-based morphometry (SBM) and compare structural differences between the brains of MS patients with sleep disorders and those of MS patients without sleep disorders.

Methods:
We investigated cortical surface parameters in 42 MS patients and 30 HCs. T1-weighted images were acquired and processed using CAT12 to perform vertexwise between-group comparisons of cortical thickness, gyrification, cortical complexity and sulcus depth with validated quality control protocols. We also performed SBM to analyze data from 19 patients with sleep disorders and 23 patients without sleep disorders.

Results:
Compared with HCs, MS patients had differences in large clusters of cortical regions, especially in postcentral, precentral, superior frontal and paracentral thickness. Differences were also observed in the parietal and occipital areas. Among MS patients with and without sleep disorders, altered cortical complexity and sulcal depth were observed.

Conclusions:
This study strongly suggested that MS patients have cortical structural abnormalities compared with HCs, thus elucidating the underlying pathophysiology of motor and nonmotor symptoms in MS patients.
Models of Field Hospital Emergency Departments: The Israeli Experience
Authors: Alpert Evan Avraham , Weiser Giora , Schul Shai , Mashiach Eran , Shaham Amit , Kobliner-Friedman Deganit 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The World Health Organization has classified Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) into 3 types for international disaster response. They range from those that operate as daytime clinic facilities to those that have complete hospital capabilities that can provide 24/7 inpatient care. The most complex EMT (Type 3) includes a full-scale emergency department (ED), operating rooms, a medical/surgical ward, an intensive care unit, and laboratory services. The Israel Defense Forces Field Hospital was the first to be officially designated as a Type 3 EMT. Two models have been used by the Israeli EMT depending on the disaster response: standalone and hybrid. The standalone model is where the ED and hospital are set up in tents independent of any existing health care facilities. The hybrid model is where the equipment and personnel are combined with existing structures. Pediatric patients are examined in either a designated area staffed by specialized pediatric emergency physicians and nurses or integrated into the general ED. Models of ED layout, staffing, scheduling, and equipment are also described. While the Israeli team is a Type 3 EMT, the different models of ED organization can also be applied to other types of field hospitals to maximize care in the disaster setting.
A Domino Theory of Disease
Authors: Fagerberg Harriet 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper advances a theory of disease as domino dysfunction. It is often argued that diseases are biological dysfunctions. However, a theory of disease as biological dysfunction is complicated by some plausible cases of dysfunction, which seem clearly non-pathological. I argue that pathological conditions are not just dysfunctions but domino dysfunctions, and that domino dysfunctions can be distinguished on principled biological grounds from non-pathological dysfunctions. I then show how this theory can make sense of the problem cases; they are not diseases because they are not domino dysfunctions.
Yellow peril or model minority? Measuring Janus-faced prejudice toward Asians in the United States
Authors: Kim D.G. , Han Enze 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
There are two prominent but seemingly contradictory symbols of how Asians are racialized domestically within the United States: “yellow peril” and “model minority.” How do these two racial tropes relate to each other? What effects do they have on the formation of support for race-targeted public policy? In this paper, we propose and empirically test that racialized resentment toward Asian Americans and the congratulatory framing of them as a model minority are both salient in the minds of the American public, reflecting the complexity of prejudices toward Asians in American society. Utilizing two original survey-based measures of anti-Asian resentment and the model minority stereotype, we empirically demonstrate the interconnection between the two racial tropes and highlight the key demographic and dispositional correlates of these multi-faceted contemporary racial attitudes toward Asian Americans. We then show that the two racial tropes, both independently and by interacting with each other, significantly shape racial public policy preferences in the United States.
The Racial Geography of U.S. Public Opinion at the Punitive Turn
Authors: Fresh Adriane 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A large literature considers the mid-century a key turning point in punitive public opinion in the United States. This article examines racial and geographic heterogeneity in changing public opinion during the mid-century using data on death penalty support from as early as 1953. I find that the punitive turn is characterized by divergence in death penalty support between Black and White people, and that White Southerners grew more supportive than Whites in the non-South from before to after the turn. Additional tests identify that this regional divergence is unlikely to have arisen by chance. Heterogeneity in partisanship and responsiveness to regional violent crime support is consistent with the idea that crime rates themselves were meaningful in punitive attitude formation only insofar as they were mediated by additional socio-political forces.