bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kompetenzentwicklung für Maschinelles Lernen zur Konstituierung der digitalen Souveränität
Authors: Reckelkamm Thorsten , Deuse Jochen 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die stetig fortschreitende Digitalisierung verändert in einem hohen Tempo das Geschäftsumfeld produzierender Unternehmen. Die weite Verbreitung digitaler Technologien führt dazu, dass stetig mehr Daten erhoben und gespeichert werden. Eine zielgerichtete Auswertung und Nutzung dieser Datenspeicher mittels Maschinellen Lernens (ML) eröffnet bisher unbekannte Potenziale zur Wissensgewinnung. Die technische Entwicklung schreitet jedoch in einem solch hohen Tempo voran, dass stets neue Herausforderungen hinsichtlich der Kompetenzentwicklung der Beschäftigten entstehen. Insbesondere die Bewertung der Möglichkeiten des ML sowie die Anwendung datengetriebener Methoden zur Lösung von Problemen in Fertigung und Montage rücken in den Vordergrund. Dies betrifft sowohl Anlagennutzende als auch Anlagenherstellende welche zunehmend unter Druck geraten, ML-basierte Services und Dienstleistungen mit ihren Fertigungsanlagen anzubieten. Eine erwachsende Tendenz ist daher, solche Tätigkeiten an externe Dienstleister auszulagern und somit das zukünftige Gut Daten aus der Hand zu geben. Zur Wahrung und Sicherstellung der digitalen Souveränität ist es jedoch erforderlich, Kompetenzen innerhalb der produzierenden Unternehmen zu entwickeln, um weiterhin die Hoheit über die eigenen Daten zu bewahren. Der folgende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über aktuelle Entwicklungen der Kompetenzentwicklung und einen Ausblick, welche künftigen Schritte erforderlich sein werden.
Enhanced corrections near holographic entanglement transitions: a chaotic case study
Authors: Dong Xi , Wang Huajia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Recent work found an enhanced correction to the entanglement entropy of a subsystem in a chaotic energy eigenstate. The enhanced correction appears near a phase transition in the entanglement entropy that happens when the subsystem size is half of the entire system size. Here we study the appearance of such enhanced corrections holo-graphically. We show explicitly how to find these corrections in the example of chaotic eigenstates by summing over contributions of all bulk saddle point solutions, including those that break the replica symmetry. With the help of an emergent rotational symmetry, the sum over all saddle points is written in terms of an effective action for cosmic branes. The resulting Renyi and entanglement entropies are then naturally organized in a basis of fixed-area states and can be evaluated directly, showing an enhanced correction near holographic entanglement transitions. We comment on several intriguing features of our tractable example and discuss the implications for finding a convincing derivation of the enhanced corrections in other, more general holographic examples.
Reassessing zircon-monazite thermometry with thermodynamic modelling: insights from the Georgetown igneous complex, NE Australia
Authors: Volante S. , Collins W. J. , Blereau E. , Pourteau A. , Spencer C. , Evans N. J. , Barrote V. , Nordsvan A. R. , Li Z.-X. , Li J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAccessory mineral thermometry and thermodynamic modelling are fundamental tools for constraining petrogenetic models of granite magmatism. U–Pb geochronology on zircon and monazite from S-type granites emplaced within a semi-continuous, whole-crust section in the Georgetown Inlier (GTI), NE Australia, indicates synchronous crystallisation at 1550 Ma. Zircon saturation temperature (Tzr) and titanium-in-zircon thermometry (T(Ti–zr)) estimate magma temperatures of ~ 795 ± 41 °C (Tzr) and ~ 845 ± 46 °C (T(Ti-zr)) in the deep crust, ~ 735 ± 30 °C (Tzr) and ~ 785 ± 30 °C (T(Ti-zr)) in the middle crust, and ~ 796 ± 45 °C (Tzr) and ~ 850 ± 40 °C (T(Ti-zr)) in the upper crust. The differing averages reflect ambient temperature conditions (Tzr) within the magma chamber, whereas the higher T(Ti-zr) values represent peak conditions of hotter melt injections. Assuming thermal equilibrium through the crust and adiabatic ascent, shallower magmas contained 4 wt% H2O, whereas deeper melts contained 7 wt% H2O. Using these H2O contents, monazite saturation temperature (Tmz) estimates agree with Tzr values. Thermodynamic modelling indicates that plagioclase, garnet and biotite were restitic phases, and that compositional variation in the GTI suites resulted from entrainment of these minerals in silicic (74–76 wt% SiO2) melts. At inferred emplacement P–T conditions of 5 kbar and 730 °C, additional H2O is required to produce sufficient melt with compositions similar to the GTI granites. Drier and hotter magmas required additional heat to raise adiabatically to upper-crustal levels. S-type granites are low-T mushes of melt and residual phases that stall and equilibrate in the middle crust, suggesting that discussions on the unreliability of zircon-based thermometers should be modulated.
Are the Sick Left Behind at the Peripheries? Health Selection in Migration to Growing Urban Centres in Finland
Authors: Vaalavuo Maria , Sihvola Mikko-Waltteri 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study health selection in rural–urban migration in Finland using register data. Specifically, we ask whether ‘movers’ differ from ‘stayers’ in their use of special health care services prior to moving. We focus on migration to twelve growing urban centres in different sub-groups of the population as well as in different regions, using multinomial logistic regression and multilevel modelling and by distinguishing between short- and long-distance moves. The results show that urban centres attract healthier individuals, while people with health problems are also prone to move, but not to urban centres. The results were similar when looking only at psychiatric diagnoses. The findings suggest that it is important to distinguish between different types of moves when studying health-selective migration. Studying the patterns of migration according to health enables us to understand drivers of regional health differences. Moreover, such evidence will help in projecting future demand for healthcare across the country.
Some partition and analytical identities arising from the Alladi, Andrews, Gordon bijection
Authors: Capparelli S. , Del Fra A. , Mercuri P. , Vietri A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the work of Alladi et al. (J Algebra 174:636–658, 1995) the authors provided a generalization of the two Capparelli identities involving certain classes of integer partitions. Inspired by that contribution, in particular as regards the general setting and the tools the authors employed, we obtain new partition identities by identifying further sets of partitions that can be explicitly put into a one-to-one correspondence by the method described in the 1995 paper. As a further result, although of a different nature, we obtain an analytical identity of Rogers–Ramanujan type, involving generating functions, for a class of partition identities already found in that paper and that generalize the first Capparelli identity and include it as a particular case. To achieve this, we apply the same strategy as Kanade and Russell did in a recent paper. This method relies on the use of jagged partitions that can be seen as a more general kind of integer partitions.
How Do We Prepare to Teach? Exploring Science Lecturers’ Authentic Approaches to Teaching in Higher Education
Authors: Chadha Deesha 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this paper, science lecturers’ perspectives on how they authentically prepare to teach are explored, to establish how academic development practices can better support them. Science lecturers in higher education do not always feel comfortable engaging with pedagogical training initiatives, often finding the ideas presented confusing, non-transferable and of little benefit to them. Models of pedagogical training suit institutional requirements and the generic principles of teaching in higher education. However, it is more useful to establish science lecturers’ authentic preparation techniques and build academic practice models around these. At a research-intensive higher education institution (HEI) in the UK, a total of 64 science lecturers completed a 28-item survey about the authentic values, beliefs, and the practices that inform and support their preparation as teachers. The collated survey responses were analysed through a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), and a linear regression model was produced for self-reported confidence (used as a proxy for preparedness). Initial results pointed to the importance of enjoyment, being innovative and experimental, and demonstrating a good grasp of content for developing confidence. Receiving advice from education-based experts was a negative contributor to the confidence model as was pedagogical training unless it was part of a wider offering. However informal, supportive, peer-to-peer dialogue is deemed beneficial, highlighting the significant role communities of practice play in authentic preparation.
Ubiquitin-Specific-Processing Protease 7 Regulates Female Germline Stem Cell Self-Renewal Through DNA Methylation
Authors: Zhao Yongqiang , Li Xiaoyong , Tian Geng , Zhao Xinyan , Wong Jiemin , Shen Yue , Wu Ji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUbiquitin-specific-processing protease 7 (Usp7) is a key deubiquitinase controlling epigenetic modification and regulating the self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells. However, the functions and mechanisms of action of Usp7 on female germline stem cells (FGSCs) are unknown. Here, we demonstrated that Usp7 regulated FGSC self-renewal via DNA methylation. The results of Cell Counting Kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine assays showed that the viability and proliferation of FGSCs were negatively regulated by Usp7. Moreover, Usp7 downregulated the expression of self-renewal genes, such as Oct4, Etv5, Foxo1, and Akt, but upregulated the expression of differentiation-related genes including Stra8 and Sycp3. Mechanistically, RNA-seq results showed that Usp7 negatively regulated FGSC self-renewal but positively modulated differentiation in FGSCs. Meanwhile, both overexpression and knockdown of Usp7 resulted in significant changes in DNA methylation and histone modification in FGSCs. Additionally, RNA-seq and MeDIP-seq analyses showed that Usp7 regulates the self-renewal and differentiation of FGSCs mainly through DNA methylation rather than histone modification, which was also confirmed by a rescue assay. Our study not only offers a novel method to research FGSC self-renewal and differentiation in view of epigenetic modifications, but also provides a deep understanding of FGSC development.
On coefficients of Poincaré series and single-valued periods of modular forms
Authors: Fonseca Tiago J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe prove that the field generated by the Fourier coefficients of weakly holomorphic Poincaré series of a given level $$\varGamma _0(N)$$

Γ
0

(
N
)

and integral weight $$k\ge 2$$

k
≥
2

coincides with the field generated by the single-valued periods of a certain motive attached to $$\varGamma _0(N)$$

Γ
0

(
N
)

. This clarifies the arithmetic nature of such Fourier coefficients and generalises previous formulas of Brown and Acres–Broadhurst giving explicit series expansions for the single-valued periods of some modular forms. Our proof is based on Bringmann–Ono’s construction of harmonic lifts of Poincaré series.
On the convergence of projective-simulation–based reinforcement learning in Markov decision processes
Authors: Boyajian W. L. , Clausen J. , Trenkwalder L. M. , Dunjko V. , Briegel H. J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the interest in leveraging quantum effects for enhancing machine learning tasks has significantly increased. Many algorithms speeding up supervised and unsupervised learning were established. The first framework in which ways to exploit quantum resources specifically for the broader context of reinforcement learning were found is projective simulation. Projective simulation presents an agent-based reinforcement learning approach designed in a manner which may support quantum walk-based speedups. Although classical variants of projective simulation have been benchmarked against common reinforcement learning algorithms, very few formal theoretical analyses have been provided for its performance in standard learning scenarios. In this paper, we provide a detailed formal discussion of the properties of this model. Specifically, we prove that one version of the projective simulation model, understood as a reinforcement learning approach, converges to optimal behavior in a large class of Markov decision processes. This proof shows that a physically inspired approach to reinforcement learning can guarantee to converge.
Performance Analysis of Space Surveillance Using Space Based Optical Sensors
Authors: Vitiello Federica 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to describe the analysis of the performance of an electro-optical space-based sensor for space surveillance purposes and space debris detection in the geostationary (GEO) ring. Such sensor is considered to be operating on a dawn–dusk Sun-synchronous, circular low Earth orbit at an altitude of 630 Km, while its optical characteristics have been taken from those of the Space-Based Visible (SBV) sensor. Two main simulations have been carried out through the use of the MATLAB software. The first simulation deals with the detection capability of the sensor, which is discussed in terms of detectable visual magnitude when the target of the observation is a diffuse sphere orbiting in the geostationary (GEO) orbit; its minimum detectable size is then determined. In addition, the relative geometry between the Sun, the sensor and the target has also been studied along with the configurations which can limit the visibility of the sensor over the target. The second simulation has been used to evaluate the performance of the sensor in terms of number of detectable GEO targets and duration of the observation when a certain pointing strategy is adopted. In such strategy, two SBV-like sensors are placed on the same orbit, thus creating a constellation in which each sensor points towards a fixed location in the inertial space. These locations have been chosen to be the geosynchronous pinch points.
Adult learning, circumstantial activism and ecological habitus in the coal seam gas protests
Authors: Ollis Tracey 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper outlines adult learning in the space of an important campaign against mining for coal seam gas (CSG). Recently, the government of Victoria became the first state to banfrackingfor CSG in Australia. This significant legislative outcome could not have been achieved without the concerted campaigning of activists through the Lock the Gate Alliance (LTGA), in Central Gippsland. The campaign is mainly composed ofcircumstantial activistswho have come together due to the serious threat from fracking to the quality of their land and water supply. This case study research examines adult learning in the field of a campaign. The findings from this research make clear activists learn to think critically about the environment and the impact of fracking for CSG. They learn communication skills, group work and networking skills. They develop afeel for the gameof activism bylearning informallythrough socialisation with experienced activists from the LTGA and the Environmental Non-Government Organisation Friends of the Earth (FOE). In turn, FOE resource the coalition and provide opportunities for both informal learning and nonformal learning to the protestors. Drawing on Bourdieu’s writing onpractice, this paper outlines practices within the LTGA field that are influential in the knowledge and skill development of the activists.
Hot water drilling in the firn layer of Greenland's percolation zone
Authors: Humphrey Neil , Harper Joel , Meierbachtol Toby 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe intermixed thermal and structural framework of cold firn, water-saturated firn and ice layers in Greenland's percolation zone can be challenging to penetrate with core drills. Here, we present our experiences using a hot water drill for research on the firn layer of the percolation zone. We built and deployed a lightweight and easily transportable system for drilling a transect of ~15 cm diameter boreholes through the full firn column thickness, to depths exceeding 100 m. An instrumented drill stem provides a scientific measurement of the firn properties while drilling. The system was successful at gaining rapid access to the firn column with mixed wet and cold conditions, was easily transported to the site and across the glacier surface, and required a small field crew to operate. The boreholes are well suited for in situ investigations of firn processes in Greenland percolation zone.
Rapid Implementation of Virtual Health in a Pediatric Neurology Practice During COVID-19
Authors: Lee James , Schrader Dewi , Boelman Cyrus , Huh Linda , Connolly Mary B. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT:During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Division of Neurology at BC Children’s Hospital rapidly transitioned to almost exclusively virtual health. In April 2020, 96% of outpatient visits were done virtually (64%) or by telephone, and only 4.2% were in-person. Total clinic visit numbers were unchanged compared to previous months. Neurologists reported high satisfaction with the virtual history and overall assessment, while the physical examination was less reliable. Additional in-person visits were rarely required. Rapid, sustained adoption of virtual health is possible in a pediatric neurology setting, providing reliable care that is comparable to in-person consultations when physical distancing is necessary.
Lessons Learned From a COVID-19 Biohazard Spill During Swabbing at a Quarantine Facility
Authors: Mayer Oren , Pfundt Tiffany , Fortenberry Gamola Z. , Harcourt Brian H. , Bower William A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe need for increased testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has resulted in an increase of testing facilities outside of traditional clinical settings and sample handling by individuals without appropriate biohazard and biocontainment training. During the repatriation and quarantine of passengers from the Grand Princess cruise ship at a US military base, biocontainment of a potentially infectious sample from a passenger was compromised. This study describes the steps taken to contain the spill, decontaminate the area, and discusses the needs for adequate training in a biohazard response.
Can COVID-19 be a risk for cachexia for patients during intensive care? Narrative review and nutritional recommendations
Authors: Virgens Isabel P. A. , Santana Natália M. , Lima Severina C. V. C. , Fayh Ana P. T. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough increased weight, and particularly obesity, has been associated with a more severe clinical course of COVID-19 and risk of fatality, the course of the illness can lead to prolonged length of stay. Changes in nutritional status and weight loss during hospitalisation are largely reported in some populations, but still not explored in COVID-19 patients. Considering that patients with COVID-19 show an increased inflammatory response, other signs and symptoms, which can lead to weight and muscle loss, should be monitored. The aim of this article was to establish possible connections between COVID-19, prolonged hospitalisation and muscle wasting, as well as to propose nutritional recommendations for the prevention and treatment of cachexia, through a narrative review. Identification of risk and presence of malnutrition should be an early step in general assessment of all patients, with regard to more at-risk categories including older adults and individuals suffering from chronic and acute disease conditions, such as COVID-19. The deterioration of nutritional status, and consequently cachexia, increases the risk of mortality and needs to be treated with attention as other complications. There is, however, little hard evidence of nutritional approaches in assisting COVID-19 treatment or its management including cachexia.
Predation of nesting Thick-billed Parrots Rhychopsitta pachyrhyncha by bobcats in northwestern Mexico
Authors: SHEPPARD JAMES KENDAL , ROJAS JOSÉ IGNACIO GONZÁLEZ , CRUZ JAVIER , GONZÁLEZ LUZ FRANCELIA TORRES , NIETO MIGUEL ÁNGEL CRUZ , LEZAMA SERGIO DAVID JIMÉNEZ , JUAREZ EDWIN ALFREDO , LAMBERSKI NADINE 
Published: November 2020

SummaryWe report on what appear to be increasing predation events on nesting Thick-billed Parrots Rhychopsitta pachyrhyncha. Thick-billed Parrots are classified as ‘Endangered’ and their seasonal breeding range is restricted to increasingly fragmented and degraded high elevation mixed conifer forest habitat within the Sierra Madre Occidental region of north-western Mexico. Predation of established breeding pairs has recently contributed to the ongoing decline of Thick-billed Parrot populations by removing mature birds with high reproductive value, which has associated consequences for future recruitment. We observed increasing predation events on nesting Thick-billed Parrots by bobcats Lynx rufus accompanied by kittens throughout the 2018–2019 breeding seasons, and we speculate that recent reductions in bobcat habitat have pushed them into new ranges where they are supplementing their diet with nontraditional prey items.
“One of the First Matters to be Addressed but Distinct” or “Distinct but Inseparable”? The Distinction Between Maritime Entitlement and Sea Boundary Delimitation in the Philippines v. China Arbitration
Authors: SCHULTHEISS Christian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe distinction between disputes of sea boundary delimitation and disputes over the existence of maritime entitlements was one key element of the legal argument that the Philippines brought forward against China in the Philippines v. China Arbitration. On the one hand, the distinction between delimitation and entitlement allowed the Tribunal to establish its jurisdiction on several Philippine submissions despite the jurisdictional exclusions of China's declaration under Article 298(1)(a)(i) of the Law of the Sea Convention. On the other hand, the Tribunal's finding about the lack of China's entitlements has important consequences. China and a number of lawyers objected to the jurisdictional separability of entitlement and delimitation. The aim of this paper is to discuss the question of whether a tribunal can establish jurisdiction on the existence of maritime entitlements in a context where jurisdiction on boundary delimitation is excluded and where a determination of entitlements has consequences for boundary delimitation.
Quantifying Structural Uncertainty in Paleoclimate Data Assimilation With an Application to the Last Millennium
Authors: Amrhein Daniel E. , Hakim Gregory J. , Parsons Luke A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPaleoclimate reconstruction relies on estimates of spatiotemporal relationships among climate quantities to interpolate between proxy data. This work quantifies how structural uncertainties in those relationships translate to uncertainties in reconstructions of past climate. We develop and apply a data assimilation uncertainty quantification approach to paleoclimate networks and observational uncertainties representative of data for the last millennium. We find that structural uncertainties arising from uncertain spatial covariance relationships typically contribute 10% of the total uncertainty in reconstructed temperature variability at small (∼200 km), continental, and hemispheric length scales, with larger errors (50% or larger) in regions where long‐range climate covariances are least certain. These structural uncertainties contribute far more to errors in uncertainty quantification, sometimes by a factor of 5 or higher. Accounting for and reducing uncertainties in climate model dynamics and resulting covariance relationships will improve paleoclimate reconstruction accuracy.