bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FUNCTIONAL MODELING IN THE DESIGN OF ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED COMPONENTS
Authors: Garrelts E. , Roth D. , Binz H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis contribution investigates how methods for functional modeling support designers with additive manufacturing. Therefore, two methods for functional modeling are examined. In this contribution a study with 32 participants is presented. The participants solved two consecutive design tasks, in which some participants were supported by functional modeling methods in the second task. The study shows that students have the most difficulties in dealing with the geometric restrictions of Laser Beam Melting (LBM). Furthermore, the support value of functional modeling was not able to be assessed.
AGILE MEETS PLAN-DRIVEN – HYBRID APPROACHES IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Heimicke J. , Chen R. , Albers A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMore than 15 years after the publication of the agile manifesto of software development, agile development approaches have also reached the processes of physical product development. Because of the boundary conditions and requirements here, which differ strongly from those of pure software development, these approaches often reach their limits. However, research and practice have quickly recognized that hybrid approaches integrate the strengths of agile and plan-driven development. This paper presents 25 hybrid development approaches that have been identified in a Systematic Literature Review.
DESIGN TOOL TO DEVELOP HIGHLY EFFICIENT OPTOMECHATRONIC SYSTEMS
Authors: Ley P.-P. , August J. , Lachmayer R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the domain of optical engineering, optomechatronic systems are predominantly developed using conventional ray tracing methods such as sequential and non-sequential ray tracing. However, the increasing complexity of these systems in combination with the demand for high efficiency and high image quality leads to the fact that conventional methods to develop these systems reach their limits. In order to be able to develop highly efficient systems with high image quality, this contribution introduces a hybrid ray tracing method using an advanced optimization function.
STEREOTYPES AND PERCEPTIONS OF GENDER EQUALITY IN GLOBAL CORPORATIONS IN EUROPE AND THE USA – SUMMARY OF RESULTS FROM EUROPEAN COMPANIES
Authors: Stal-Le Cardinal J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhile women are underrepresented in leadership across the industrial western world, there is a dearth of empirical evidence on how these stereotypes play out across cultural contexts, and their relative strengths. Our goal was to launch an ambitious comparative survey study of global corporations to increase knowledge on how gender stereotypes operate across cultures, and employee perceptions of gender equality in the workplace. The results provide a better understanding of the obstacles to women's professional development and identify levers for promoting gender diversity in large groups.
ASSESSING THE DRIVER'S RISK PERCEPTION DURING AUTONOMOUS DRIVING
Authors: Gandrez C. , Mantelet F. , Aoussat A. , Jeremie F. , Landel E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdvanced Driver-Assistance Systems were created to address the driver's failures. All these ADAS are a part of the evolution of the vehicles towards whole automation. To complete its launch in the automotive market, autonomous vehicles have to pass safety tests to acquire the consumers’ trust. To receive the approval of the public, the self-driving car has to take into account the human feeling. The risk perceived by the driver is one of the new emotional form to integrate at the validation plan. The purpose of this study is to examine the perception of the risk of a self-driving car's driver.
DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL STUDY OF A PROJECTION IMAGES PROGRAM TO ENCOURAGE ARM MOVEMENTS FOR REHABILITATION
Authors: Yoshioka K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn a program we developed called “Let's keep wiping to draw pictures!”, projected graphic images change according to rehabilitation movements for upper limbs, and the levels of exercise amount and quality of movement achieved by patients are reflected in the outcome of the artwork as feedback. At a rehabilitation hospital, inpatients who used the program to perform rehabilitation exercises showed higher levels of satisfaction and expectation in the exercises, and performed simple and repetitive movements more willingly. The program can expect to maintain motivation towards rehabilitation.
THE POTENTIAL OF WEARABLE DEMONSTRATORS INTRODUCING INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Lüneburg L.-M. , Papp E. , Krzywinski J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith the introduction of ‘5G’ data transfer gets faster and further reaching than ever before. This new communication technology paves the way for an exchange of skills and competencies between humans and machines. This raises the question of how future users can profit and understand the potential brought about by these technologies. This paper elaborates the use of demonstrators in a pilot study as research tools and assesses their potential. It gives first insights why demonstrators are suitable to set a basis for public recognition for body-worn CPS and how to promote innovative visions.
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING: AN EXPLORATIVE STUDY
Authors: Valjak F. , Bojčetić N. , Nordin A. , Godec D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith the broader industrial application of Additive Manufacturing (AM), designers are facing new challenges in conceptual design for AM. To better understand the problematic, the authors organised a design workshop with six experts in AM. The paper presents the results of the conducted design workshop and discusses the current and future trends in research on the conceptual design for AM.
AN ANALYSIS OF SCALING METHODS FOR STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF SIZE EFFECTS AND NONLINEAR PHENOMENA
Authors: Altun O. , Wolniak P. , Mozgova I. , Lachmayer R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSimilitude theory helps engineers to investigate system properties and behaviour with scaling methods. The application of such methods reduces the time for product development and production of prototypes. With increasing component size, the impact of size effects and nonlinear phenomena becomes more important in reduced scale model testing. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the scaling methods and their applicability with regard to size effects and nonlinear phenomena as well as a procedure to support the selection of a suitable method for the scaling task of structures.
IMMERSIVE VISUALISATIONS IN DESIGN: USING AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) FOR INFORMATION PRESENTATION
Authors: Bravo A. , Maier A. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractImmersive visualisations introduce new possibilities for experiencing design, and as such for presenting information. To date, studies in design have focused mostly on immersive visualisations supporting product decisions. However, little attention has been paid to information presentation, e.g. in design reviews, for decisions in the boardroom, and/or for client presentations. This study with industry practitioners identifies information presentation practices and challenges, develops an immersive visualisation prototype, and explores opportunities for the use of immersive visualisations.
THE USE OF GAMING ENGINES FOR DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Authors: Gorsich D. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe automotive community has found to design and test autonomous systems, traditional CAE tools are not enough. The number of sensors and controls involved makes it very difficult to predict all the possible scenarios and system reactions to them. An approach to provide input to all the sensors and control systems is to use gaming engines. They are used “headless”, and in other cases with multiple users in the environment. In this paper we will highlight one case on how they are changing how the Army designs, tests, and sets requirements for autonomous ground systems.
HOW GLOBAL BRANDS MANAGE THE LOCALISATION OF SPATIAL EXPERIENCES – THE CASES OF STARBUCKS AND IKEA
Authors: Alaali A. , Vines J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study explores how two global brands (Starbucks and IKEA) design spatial experiences that are localised for diverse cultural contexts. Through a series of interviews with store designers, design and marketing managers, and brand experts from both companies, we identify two different ways a brand and design team can be organized and how each influences the process of the localisation of spatial experiences. Our findings highlight issues related to a team's structure, the use of different design processes and how these influence the building of strong, locally relevant spatial experiences.
AN MBSE-BASED APPROACH FOR THE DEFINITION AND EVALUATION OF ENGINEERING IT ARCHITECTURES
Authors: Heihoff-Schwede J. , Kaiser L. , Dumitrescu R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs the complexity of the systems increases, so does the complexity of designing a suitable engineering IT architecture. Challenges reach from the definition of required and consistent functionalities and interfaces to the evaluation, which combination of IT tools fulfils the required functionality, usability and interoperability in the best way. Thus, we provide a procedure, methodology and modelling support for the definition of functional and logical engineering IT architectures and their holistic evaluation. The approach is part of an overall procedure and demonstrated in an example.
‘URBAN & SUBURBAN NATURE INTERACTIONS’, IMPACTS AND SERENDIPITOUS NARRATIVES OF THE MY NATUREWATCH PROJECT
Authors: Phillips R. , Anderson R. , Abbas-Nazari A. , Gaver B. , Boucher A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe My Naturewatch project uses self-build wildlife cameras supporting new public engagements with nature & technology. The project used Open Design methods providing self-defined, bespoke making outputs, modelling ‘environmental citizenship’, transitioning beyond sustainability. By co-designing makers were encouraged to engage with ecosystems refocusing human habitats & perspectives driven by curiosity. The article shares a qualitative evaluation of the project's impact on participants, describing attitudes, understanding and behaviour towards technology & nature changed by participation.
ASSESSING, AGGREGATING AND VISUALISING PRELIMINARY DESIGN INFORMATION MATURITY TO SUPPORT COLLABORATIVE DESIGN
Authors: Brinkmann J. T. , Wynn D. C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEngineering projects involve the progressive development of preliminary information until a final design is reached. Appreciating its status may help make better decisions about task sequencing and may reduce unnecessary iteration. We present an approach to 1) elicit this maturity, 2) aggregate several of its facets per subsystem and generate insights for task prioritisation, and 3) overlaying this information in Augmented Reality onto a physical prototype. The progress is discussed and it is proposed that the approach can aid understanding, communication and management of design progress.
IDENTIFYING STRESS SIGNATURES ACROSS THE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS: PERCEIVED STRESS DURING CONCEPT GENERATION, CONCEPT SELECTION, AND PROTOTYPING
Authors: Nolte H. , McComb C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractVarious aspects of the design process often lead to stress. This study used pre- and post-task surveys to gather information regarding the designer's cognitive experience, physiological response, and perceived sources of stress during concept generation, concept selection, and prototyping. Results confirmed that design is highly cognitive, and that mental stress is present. Variability in the results also suggests that a physiological stress component might be present. Additionally, perceived sources of stress were examined, and recommendations were offered for instructors of design courses.
HOW TO BEST FRAME A DESIGN BRIEF TO MAXIMIZE NOVELTY AND USEFULNESS IN IDEA GENERATION
Authors: Koronis G. , Silva A. , Kang J. K. S. , Yogiaman C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper aims to identify factors that influence creativity, and strives towards understanding the effect of representations, namely abstract and concrete design outcomes. Three conditions are compared; a control group, an abstract group, and a group provided with various example solutions. The implications of this work can strongly impact the formulation of design briefs, where the goal is to stimulate the creativity of design brief outcomes and examine their relationship to product awareness.
LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE APPLICATION OF ENHANCED FUNCTION-MEANS MODELLING
Authors: Müller J. R. , Siiskonen M. D. I. , Malmqvist J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlthough well researched and praised in academic publications, function modelling (FM) does not have gained much traction in industrial application. To investigate into possible reasons for this, this publication researches literature of nine different projects where enhanced function-means modelling has been applied. The projects are analysed for their purpose of FM-use, applied benefits and discovered challenges of the FM approach. From this, the main challenges for FM application are the abstraction level of the modelling language as well as the lack of an interface to CAD modelling.
Foreign Meddling and Mass Attitudes Toward International Economic Engagement
Authors: Bush Sarah Sunn , Prather Lauren 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWhat explains variation in individual preferences for foreign economic engagement? Although a large and growing literature addresses that question, little research examines how partner countries affect public opinion on policies such as trade, foreign aid, and investment. We construct a new theory arguing that political side-taking by outside powers shapes individuals’ support for engaging economically with those countries. We test the theory using original surveys in the United States and Tunisia. In both cases, the potential partner country's side-taking in the partisan politics of the respondents’ country dramatically shapes support for foreign economic relations. As the rise of new aid donors, investors, and trade partners creates new choices in economic partners, our theory and findings are critical to understanding mass preferences about open economic engagement.
COVID-19: asymptomatic carrier transmission is an underestimated problem
Authors: Zhao Hongjun , Lu Xiaoxiao , Deng Yibin , Tang Yujin , Lu Jiachun 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
At the present time, COVID-19 is spreading rapidly [1]. The global prevention and control of COVID-19 is focused on the estimation of the relevant incubation period, basic reproduction number (R0), effective reproduction number (Rt) and death risk. Although the prevention and control of COVID-19 requires a reliable estimation of the relevant incubation period, R0, Rt and death risk. Another key epidemiological parameter-asymptomatic ratio that provides strength and range for social alienation strategies of COVID-19, which is widely defined as the proportion of asymptomatic infections among all disease infections. In fact, the ratio of asymptomatic infection is a useful indicator of the burden of disease and a better measurement of the transmissibility of the virus. So far, people have not paid enough attention to asymptomatic carriers. The asymptomatic carriers discussed in this study are recessive infections, that is, those who have never shown symptoms after onset of infection. We will discuss three aspects: detection, infectivity and proportion of healthy carriers.
Dyadic synchrony and repair processes are related to preschool children's risk exposure and self-control
Authors: Scholtes Carolyn M. , Lyons Emma R. , Skowron Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe examined associations between preschool children's cumulative risk exposure, dyadic interaction patterns, and self-control abilities in 238 mother–child dyads. Positive interactive synchrony, relationship ruptures, and latency to repair were micro-coded during a 3–5 minute joint challenge task. Children's self-control was assessed via two laboratory tasks and by parent report. Structural equation modeling and mediation analyses were utilized to examine the direct and indirect effects of cumulative risk on children's observed and parent-reported self-control abilities. Parent–child interactive processes of dyadic synchrony and latency to repair ruptures in synchrony were examined as mediators. Dyadic synchrony and latency to repair ruptures were found to mediate associations between cumulative risk exposure and children's behavioral and parent-reported self-control. Children exposed to more cumulative risk engaged in less dyadic synchrony and experienced longer latencies to repair ruptures with their caregiver, which in turn was associated with lower child self-control. Though cross-sectional, findings suggest dyadic synchrony and repair processes may represent viable mechanistic pathways linking cumulative risk exposure and deficits in child self-control. However, independent replications using longitudinal and experimental intervention designs are needed to determine causal pathways and inform new approaches for targeting the effects of early risk exposure through a focus on two-generational interventions.
Mobile-technology-induced learning strategies: Chinese university EFL students learning English in an emerging context
Authors: Gao Chuan , Shen Hui-zhong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article reports on findings regarding the learning strategies used by a group of Chinese English as a foreign language (EFL) learners in a mobile-technology-assisted environment. The research design is a context-specific case study using Dörnyei’s (2005) categories of learning strategies as the conceptual and analytical framework to guide data collection and analysis. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected through a questionnaire from a sample of 75 Chinese EFL learners and a small-scale follow-up interview of five participants who completed the questionnaire. Data showed that a mobile-technology-assisted environment effected changes in Chinese EFL learners’ ways of adopting a particular set of learning strategies, which differed in type and frequency from those typical of a teacher-led and examination-oriented language classroom. Metacognitive and commitment control strategies were most frequently used by the respondents in this study. The frequency of student use of metacognitive strategies moved ahead of commitment and environmental control strategies. Satiation and emotion control strategies, rarely used by Chinese students in a teacher-fronted language classroom, were also observable. These findings have implications for the understanding and designing of mobile-technology-assisted learning for EFL learners to develop appropriate strategies for autonomous learning.
Myocardial ischaemia and valve insufficiency caused by a dysplastic aortic valve cusp: a previously unreported unique morphologic anomaly
Authors: Samuel Sharmeen , Dhanantwari Preeta , Misra Nilanjana , Meyer David B. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIsolated aortic regurgitation and myocardial infarction are a rare congenital defect among neonatal patients. We present a case of a neonate with an unusual aortic valve morphology causing both regurgitation and obstruction of the left coronary artery ostium. Despite both non-invasive and invasive imaging modalities, accurate diagnosis of the valve morphology was only determined by direct visualisation at the time of surgical repair. To the knowledge of authors, this particular aortic valve morphology in neonatal population has not been previously reported in the literature.
Constraints on Recoil Leader Properties Estimated from X‐ray Emissions in Aircraft‐Triggered Discharges
Authors: Skeie C. A. , Østgaard N. , Lehtinen N. G. , Sarria D. , Kochkin P. , de Boer A. I. , Bardet M. , Allasia C. , Flourens F. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDuring Airbus aircraft campaigns flying into thunderstorms in 2014–2016, X‐rays were observed during two stages of aircraft‐triggered lightning: nanosecond pulses of X‐rays associated with negative leader steps and bursts of X‐rays during recoil events. This work will focus on the observations of X‐ray bursts associated with recoils. Recoils are observed as microsecond‐fast changes in the local electric field, associated with large currents passing through the aircraft, and are found to sometimes be associated with bursts of X‐rays. From over 200 aircraft‐triggered lightning strikes, 54 recoil events were found to be associated with microsecond bursts of X‐rays. The majority of the bursts consist of 1–3 X‐ray pulses, with some bursts containing as many as 29 X‐ray pulses. We compare the observed superposed X‐ray spectrum with modeled spectra using a GEANT4 model of the detector and aircraft, to determine the source potential needed to accelerate the electrons that produce the observed X‐rays. A model of the recoil leader was made to determine the gap distance and gap potential between the recoil leader and the aircraft. From the modeling, we determine a solution space for the gap and leader lengths where the gap length is constrained by the observed minimum and maximum times between the onset of the X‐ray pulses and the onset of the current pulses detected at the aircraft (1 to 93 m). We also find two constraints from the fitting of the modeled spectra to the superposed spectrum, limiting the leader length to between 1 and ∼240 m.
Particle‐Based Lagrangian Filtering for Locating Wave‐Generated Thermal Refugia for Coral Reefs
Authors: Bachman Scott D. , Shakespeare Callum J. , Kleypas Joan , Castruccio Frederic S. , Curchitser Enrique 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTides and tidally generated waves play a key role in modulating the heat budget of the nearshore environment, which can significantly affect the ecology of the coastal and reef zones. The high spatial resolution required to resolve such waves in numerical models means that diagnosing wave‐generated heat fluxes (WHFs) has so far only been possible over very limited areas. Because many marine ecosystems that are affected by WHFs, such as coral reefs, are patchily distributed within domains of hundreds of kilometers, an alternative to fully wave‐resolving models is needed to identify thermal refugia and guide conservation efforts over larger regions. In this study, a one‐way nested series of regional ocean simulations has been conducted to study the role of waves in driving high‐frequency temperature variations in the Coral Triangle and to develop a method for identifying WHF in coarser‐resolution models. A filtering method using Lagrangian particles is used to separate the wave component of the flow, which is used to diagnose the wave energy and to identify locations experiencing large, high‐frequency temperature variability. These locations are shown to possess three key characteristics: large time‐mean wave kinetic energy, shallow depth, and a steep bathymetric gradient that gives access to a nearby source of cold, subthermocline water. A function of the wave kinetic energy and bathymetric slope is found to closely correlate with areas of maximal temperature variance, suggesting its use as a convenient and readily calculable metric to locate thermal refugia in observations or numerical experiments over large spatial domains.