bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative Binomial Regression
Authors: Juarez‐Colunga E. , Dean C. B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCount data occur commonly in very many fields. Some examples include seizures, asthma attacks, days of absence from work, annual forest fires in a region, insurance claims in a portfolio, or recurrences of cancer. The basic count model is the Poisson process, a model that forms a foundation upon which several other count models can be linked, as extensions in some manner. These extensions address departures from assumptions underpinning the Poisson model. The negative binomial distribution is a widely used count model that can, to some extent, address some of the violations of assumptions of Poisson models. Because of its flexibility, it is commonly used in statistical applications. In this article, we provide an overview of negative binomial regression and outline both maximum likelihood and robust estimation. We discuss how the negative binomial model is a generalization of the Poisson and provide an example that considers recurrence of bladder cancer tumors.
Limiting treatment plan complexity by applying a novel commercial tool
Authors: Scaggion Alessandro , Fusella Marco , Agnello Giancarmelo , Bettinelli Andrea , Pivato Nicola , Roggio Antonella , Rossato Marco A. , Sepulcri Matteo , Paiusco Marta 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeA recently introduced commercial tool is tested to assess whether it is able to reduce the complexity of a treatment plan and improve deliverability without compromising overall quality.MethodsTen prostate and ten oropharynx plans of previously treated patients were reoptimized using the aperture shape controller (ASC) tool recently introduced in Eclipse TPS (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA). The performance of ASC was assessed in terms of the overall plan quality using a plan quality metric, the reduction in plan complexity through the analysis of 14 of the most common plan complexity metrics, and the change in plan deliverability through 3D dosimetric measurements. Similarly, plans optimized limiting the total number of delivered monitor units was assessed and compared. The two strategies were also combined to assess their potential combination.ResultsThe plans optimized by exploiting the ASC generally show a reduced number of total Monitor Units, a more constant gantry rotation and a MLC modulation characterized by larger and less complicated shapes with leaves traveling shorter overall lengths.ConclusionsThis first experience suggests that the ASC is an effective tool to reduce the unnecessary complexity of a plan. This turns into an increased plan deliverability with no loss of plan quality.
Early life metal dysregulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Figueroa‐Romero Claudia , Mikhail Kristen A. , Gennings Chris , Curtin Paul , Bello Ghalib A. , Botero Tatiana M. , Goutman Stephen A. , Feldman Eva L. , Arora Manish , Austin Christine 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectiveDeficiencies and excess of essential elements and toxic metals are implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but the age when metal dysregulation appears remains unknown. This study aims to determine whether metal uptake is dysregulated during childhood in individuals eventually diagnosed with ALS.MethodsLaser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry was used to obtain time series data of metal uptake using biomarkers in teeth from autopsies or dental extractions of ALS (n = 36) and control (n = 31) participants. Covariate data included sex, smoking, occupational exposures, and ALS family history. Case–control differences were identified in temporal profiles of metal uptake for individual metals using distributed lag models. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was used for metals mixture analyses. Similar analyses were performed on an ALS mouse model to further verify the relevance of dysregulation of metals in ALS.ResultsMetal levels were higher in cases than in controls: 1.49 times for chromium (1.11–1.82; at 15 years), 1.82 times for manganese (1.34–2.46; at birth), 1.65 times for nickel (1.22–2.01; at 8 years), 2.46 times for tin (1.65–3.30; at 2 years), and 2.46 times for zinc (1.49–3.67; at 6 years). Co‐exposure to 11 elements indicated that childhood metal dysregulation was associated with ALS. The mixture contribution of metals to disease outcome was likewise apparent in tooth biomarkers of an ALS mouse model, and differences in metal distribution were evident in ALS mouse brains compared to brains from littermate controls.InterpretationOverall, our study reveals direct evidence that altered metal uptake during specific early life time windows is associated with adult‐onset ALS.
Psychometric Testing of the Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare (DASH) for Trainee‐led, In Situ Simulations in the Pediatric Emergency Department Context
Authors: Zargham Shiva , Hanson Amy , Laniewicz Megan , Sandquist Mary , Kessler David O. , Gilbert Gregory E. , Calhoun Aaron W. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesEffective trainee‐led debriefing after critical events in the pediatric emergency department has potential to improve patient care, but debriefing assessments for this context have not been developed. This study gathers preliminary validity and reliability evidence for the Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare (DASH) as an assessment of trainee‐led post–critical event debriefing.MethodsEight fellows led teams in three simulated critical events, each followed by a video‐recorded discussion of performance mimicking impromptu debriefings occurring after real clinical events. Three raters assessed the recorded debriefings using the DASH, and their feedback was collated. Data were analyzed using generalizability theory, Gwet’s AC2, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and coefficient alpha. Validity was examined using Messick’s framework.ResultsThe DASH instrument had relatively low traditional inter‐rater reliability (Gwet’s AC2 = 0.24, single‐rater ICC range = 0.16‐0.35), with 30% fellow, 19% rater, and 23% rater by fellow variance. DASH generalizability (G) coefficient was 0.72, confirming inadequate reliability for research purposes. Decision (D) study results suggest the DASH can attain a G coefficient of 0.8 with five or more raters. Coefficient alpha was 0.95 for the DASH. A total of 90 and 40% of items from Elements 1 and 4, respectively, were deemed “not applicable” or left blank.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the DASH does not have sufficient validity and reliability to rigorously assess debriefing in the post–critical event environment but may be amenable to modification. Further development of the tool will be needed for optimal use in this context.
Shedding Light on the Diverse Reactivity of NacNacAl with N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Dmitrienko Anton , Pilkington Melanie , Britten James F. , Gabidullin Bulat M. , van der Est Art , Nikonov Georgii I. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe aluminum(I) compound NacNacAl (NacNac=[ArNC(Me)CHC(Me)NAr]−, Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3, 1) shows diverse and substrate‐controlled reactivity in reactions with N‐heterocycles. 4‐Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), a basic substrate in which the 4‐position is blocked, induces rearrangement of NacNacAl by shifting a hydrogen atom from the methyl group of the NacNac backbone to the aluminum center. In contrast, C−H activation of the methyl group of 4‐picoline takes place to produce a species with a reactive terminal methylene. Reaction of 1 with 3,5‐lutidine results in the first example of an uncatalyzed, room‐temperature cleavage of an sp2 C−H bond (in the 4‐position) by an AlI species. Another reactivity mode was observed for quinoline, which undergoes 2,2′‐coupling. Finally, the reaction of 1 with phthalazine produces the product of N−N bond cleavage.
Recent advances in anticancer ruthenium Schiff base complexes
Authors: Parveen Shazia 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNowadays in cancer treatment, both metal complexes and organic molecules are being widely used. Current years have seen a surge of interest in the application of organometallic compounds to treat cancer and other diseases. Undeniably, the unique properties of organometallic compounds, intermediate between those of classical inorganic and organic materials, provide new opportunities in the field of medicinal chemistry. Since the discovery of cisplatin, many transition metal complexes have been synthesized and assayed for anticancer activity. In recent years, ruthenium‐based Schiff base complexes have emerged as promising antitumor and antimetastatic agents with potential uses in treatment of platinum‐resistant tumors or as alternatives to platinum‐based chemotherapy. Advantages of utilizing ruthenium complexes in drug development include reliable methods of synthesizing stable complexes; the ability to tune ligand affinities, electron transfer and substitution rates, and reduction potentials; and an increasing knowledge of the biological effects of such complexes. This great expansion of ruthenium‐based Schiff base complexes is mainly due to the unique ability of the ruthenium core to permit multiple oxidation states, hence versatile electron‐transfer pathways, and because of the ease of preparation with versatile and variable‐denticity Schiff base ligands. This review aims to bring the reader up to date with the more recent Ru(II)/(III)‐based Schiff base complexes that have been synthesized and investigated for their cytotoxicity.
Application of lipase immobilized on a hydrophobic support for the synthesis of aromatic esters
Authors: dos Santos Marta Maria Oliveira , Gama Rafaela Santos , de Carvalho Tavares Iasnaia Maria , Santos Pedro Henrique , Gonçalves Márcia Soares , de Carvalho Marise Silva , de Barros Vilas Boas Eduardo Valério , de Oliveira Julieta Rangel , Mendes Adriano Aguiar , Franco Marcelo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present study aimed at preparing three biocatalysts via physical adsorption of lipases from Candida rugosa (CRL), Mucor javanicus, and Candida sp. on a hydrophobic and mesoporous support (Diaion HP‐20). These biocatalysts were later applied to the synthesis of aromatic esters of apple peel and citrus (hexyl butyrate), apple and rose (geranyl butyrate), and apricot and pineapple (propyl butyrate). Scanning electron microscopy and gel electrophoresis confirmed a selective adsorption of lipases on Diaion, thus endorsing simultaneous immobilization and purification. Gibbs free energy (∆G) evinced the spontaneity of the process (–17.9 kJ/mol ≤ ∆G ≤ –5.1 kJ/mol). Maximum immobilized protein concentration of 30 mg/g support by CRL. This biocatalyst was the most active in olive oil hydrolysis (hydrolytic activity of 126.0 ± 2.0 U/g) and in the synthesis of aromatic esters. Maximum conversion yield of 89.1% was attained after 150 Min for the synthesis of hexyl butyrate, followed by the synthesis of geranyl butyrate (87.3% after 240 Min) and propyl butyrate (80.0% after 150 Min). CRL immobilized on Diaion retained around 93% of its original activity after six consecutive cycles of 150 Min for the synthesis of hexyl butyrate.
Applicability of ninhydrin as a fluorescent reagent for estimation of teicoplanin in human plasma using salting‐out assisted liquid–liquid extraction technique
Authors: Ali Marwa F. B. , Salman Baher I. , Hussein Samiha A. , Marzouq Mostafa A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe applicability of ninhydrin, a widely used derivatizing reagent, for determination of teicoplanin (TEIC) in its pure form, pharmaceutical vials, and in human plasma was investigated. The presented spectrofluorimetric method was based on a condensation reaction between ninhydrin and the primary amine group existing in TEIC (in the presence of phenylacetaldehyde) to produce a highly fluorescent product detected at 460 nm (λex,390 nm). Calibration plots were constructed in the concentration range 60–600 ng mL–1 with a good correlation coefficient of 0.9998 and a low detection limit of 10.84 ng mL–1. The method was subjected to a bioanalytical validation study according to US‐FDA recommendations. The proposed method was applied for analysis of TEIC in commercial vials with high recovery result 101.88 ± 1.11%. In addition, the method was utilized efficiently for detection of TEIC in human plasma using salting‐out assisted liquid–liquid extraction technique (SALLE) with a recovery range from 96.71 ± 1.08% to 97.71 ± 0.86%. SALLE is an effective approach used for extraction of TEIC from human plasma without interferences using ammonium sulphate. The proposed method is highly recommended to monitor TEIC in clinical laboratory samples and therapeutic drug monitoring systems.
Hybrid‐EKF: Hybrid model coupled with extended Kalman filter for real‐time monitoring and control of mammalian cell culture
Authors: Narayanan Harini , Behle Lars , Luna Martin F. , Sokolov Michael , Guillén‐Gosálbez Gonzalo , Morbidelli Massimo , Butté Alessandro 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn a decade when Industry 4.0 and quality by design are major technology drivers of biopharma, automated and adaptive process monitoring and control are inevitable requirements and model‐based solutions are key enablers in fulfilling these goals. Despite strong advancement in process digitalization, in most cases, the generated datasets are not sufficient for relying on purely data‐driven methods, whereas the underlying complex bioprocesses are still not completely understood. In this regard, hybrid models are emerging as a timely pragmatic solution to synergistically combine available process data and mechanistic understanding. In this study, we show a novel application of the hybrid‐EKF framework, that is, hybrid models coupled with an extended Kalman filter for real‐time monitoring, control, and automated decision‐making in mammalian cell culture processing. We show that, in the considered application, the predictive monitoring accuracy of such a framework improves by at least 35% when developed with hybrid models with respect to industrial benchmark tools based on PLS models. In addition, we also highlight the advantages of this approach in industrial applications related to conditional process feeding and process monitoring. With regard to the latter, for an industrial use case, we demonstrate that the application of hybrid‐EKF as a soft sensor for titer shows a 50% improvement in prediction accuracy compared with state‐of‐the‐art soft sensor tools.
Incidence and survival of rare cancers in the US and Europe
Authors: Botta Laura , Gatta Gemma , Trama Annalisa , Bernasconi Alice , Sharon Elad , Capocaccia Riccardo , Mariotto Angela B. ,   the RARECAREnet working group
Published: May 2020

AbstractGeographical variability of cancer burden was almost exclusively estimated for common cancers. Since rare cancers (RC) have become an area of priority for basic and clinical research and public health organizations, this paper provides, using a common methodology, a detailed comparison of incidence and survival for RC in the US and Europe. We estimated incidence and net survival of 199 malignant RC from data of 2 580 000 patients collected by 18 US‐SEER and 94 European registries, diagnosed within the most recent common period 2000‐2007. RC were defined according to the criterion of crude annual incidence rates <6/100 000. In total, 196 RC were classified as rare in both populations. Of these, 43 had incidence rates significantly different by at least 0.2 per 100 000:34 higher in the US and 9 higher in Europe. Five‐year net survival for all RC combined significantly differed: 54% in the US and 48% in Europe. Survival for 62 RC was significantly higher in the US vs 6 higher in Europe. Differences were not concentrated in a particular cancer family, and were mostly relevant for cases diagnosed >65+ years of age. Use of standardized methods evidenced that incidence and survival rate of majority of RC were higher in the United States compared to Europe. Possible reasons for such differences, requiring further studies, include distribution of risk factors, ability to diagnose RC, different registration practices, and use of updated International Classification of Diseases for Oncology.
Fibronectin promotes tumor cells growth and drugs resistance through a CDC42‐YAP‐dependent signaling pathway in colorectal cancer
Authors: Ye Yu , Zhang Ruifeng , Feng Haiyang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFibronectin (FN) is a high‐molecular‐weight glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that binds to membrane‐spanning receptor proteins or other elements in ECM. The expression of FN could be involved in the cancer cells proliferation or migration, and the molecular mechanisms responsible for FN induced protumor signals begin to be elucidated. Here, we report that the elevated expression of FN was observed in those chemoresistant tumor tissues from patients with colorectal cancer. Consistently, FN culture significantly strengthened the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells, induced the colorectal tumor sustained growth and drug resistance in vitro and in vivo. In mechanism, FN could bind to integrin αvβ1, resulting the downstream cell division cycle 42/yes‐associated protein 1 (CDC42/YAP‐1) signaling pathway activation. The activation of CDC42/YAP‐1 signal induces the upregulation of transcription factor SOX2, causing the sustained growth and drugs resistance in colorectal cancer. Blockade of integrin αvβ1 significantly suppressed the colorectal cancer growth and drugs resistance development in vitro and in vivo, which provides a new target for clinical colorectal cancer treatment.
Folium Sennae and emodin reverse airway smooth muscle contraction
Authors: Qiu Jun‐Ying , Ma Li‐Qun , Liu Bei‐Bei , Zhang Wen‐Jing , Liu Meng‐Su , Wang Ge‐Ge , Zhao Xiao‐Xue , Luo Xi , Wang Qian , Xu Hao , Zang Dun‐An , Shen Jinhua , Peng Yong‐Bo , Zhao Ping , Xue Lu , Yu Meng‐Fei , Chen Weiwei , Dai Jiapei , Liu Qing‐Hua 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe objective of this project was to find a bronchodilatory compound from herbs and clarify the mechanism. We found that the ethanol extract of Folium Sennae (EEFS) can relax airway smooth muscle (ASM). EEFS inhibited ASM contraction, induced by acetylcholine, in mouse tracheal rings and lung slices. High‐performance liquid chromatography assay showed that EEFS contained emodin. Emodin had a similar reversal action. Acetylcholine‐evoked contraction was also partially reduced by nifedipine (a selective inhibitor of L‐type voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels, LVDCCs), YM‐58483 (a selective inhibitor of store‐operated Ca2+ entry, SOCE), as well as Y‐27632 (an inhibitor of Rho‐associated protein kinase). In addition, LVDCC‐ and SOCE‐mediated currents and cytosolic Ca2+ elevations were inhibited by emodin. Emodin reversed acetylcholine‐caused increases in phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase target subunit 1. Furthermore, emodin, in vivo, inhibited acetylcholine‐induced respiratory system resistance in mice. These results indicate that EEFS‐induced relaxation results from emodin inhibiting LVDCC, SOCE, and Ca2+ sensitization. These findings suggest that Folium Sennae and emodin may be new sources of bronchodilators.
Transcatheter edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair for annuloplasty ring dehiscence: The peri‐ring approach
Authors: Otero Diana , Raza Munis , Kahlon Tanvir , Singh Vikas 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecurrent severe primary mitral regurgitation from annuloplasty ring dehiscence is very rare and is associated with adverse outcomes. We present a case where transcatheter edge‐to‐edge mitral repair with MitraClip was used in high surgical risk patient using a peri‐ring approach due to unfavorable anatomy for a conventional intra‐ring approach.
The snared wire technique for Sapien valve implantation in the pulmonary position
Authors: Maschietto Nicola , Sperotto Francesca , Esch Jesse E. , Porras Diego , Callahan Ryan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesDescription of the snared wire technique (SWT) to facilitate the delivery of the Sapien valve in pulmonary position, and comparison with standard delivery technique.BackgroundTranscatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) with the Sapien delivery system has proven to be challenging. Therefore, alternative strategies for facilitating its delivery in this position are needed.MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients who underwent TPVR with or without the new SWT. The SWT was chosen as an elective strategy when the anatomy was judged to be challenging for TPVR (planned SWT) or as a rescue strategy when a standard delivery failed (rescue SWT).ResultsFrom February 2018 to January 2020, 84 patients underwent TPVR with a Sapien S3 valve using either a standard delivery (n = 63, 75%) or a SWT (n = 21, 25%). Fifteen patients underwent a planned SWT, six patients underwent a rescue SWT after failure of a standard delivery. All planned SWT cases were successful and, compared to the standard delivery group, no significant differences were found in terms of time to valve‐deployment, fluoroscopy time, procedure time, or frequency of complications. Rescue SWT cases had longer fluoroscopy time (p = .05), longer time to valve‐deployment (p = .0001), and higher frequency of complications (p = .002) including tricuspid valve injury (p = .0004), but allowed the operator to successfully implant the valve into the desired location.ConclusionsEven in the most challenging anatomies, the SWT represents a feasible and effective alternative strategy for TPVR with the Sapien valve that should be considered when other techniques have failed.
New combined surgery for cervical cancer complicated by pelvic organ prolapse using autologous fascia lata: A case report
Authors: Ota Yukihide , Suzuki Yukio , Matsunaga Tatsuya , Ninomiya Ryunosuke , Kagimoto Shintaro , Miyagi Etsuko 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRadical hysterectomy and immediate sacral colpopexy using autologous fascia lata could be considered a treatment option for cervical cancer complicated by severe and symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse.
Unveiling VIVO2+ Binding Modes to Human Serum Albumins by an Integrated Spectroscopic–Computational Approach
Authors: Sciortino Giuseppe , Sanna Daniele , Lubinu Giuseppe , Maréchal Jean‐Didier , Garribba Eugenio 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHuman serum albumin (HSA) is involved in the transport of metal ions and potential metallodrugs. Depending on the metal, several sites are available, among which are N‐terminal (NTS) and multi‐metal binding sites (MBS). Despite the large number of X‐ray determinations for albumins, only one structure with Zn2+ is available. In this work, the binding to HSA of the VIVO2+ ion was studied by an integrated approach based on spectroscopic and computational methods, which allowed the systems to be characterized even in the absence of X‐ray analysis. The behavior depends on the type of albumin, defatted (HSAd) or fatted (HSAf). With HSAd ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’ sites were revealed, NTS with (His3, His9, Asp13, Asp255) and MBS with (His67, His247, Asp249, Asn99 or H2O); with increasing the ratio VIVO2+/HSAd, ‘tertiary’ sites, with one His‐N and other donors (Asp/Glu‐O or carbonyl‐O) are populated. With HSAf, fatty acids (FAs) cause a rotation of the subdomains IA and IIA, which results in the formation of a dinuclear ferromagnetic adduct (VIVO)2D(HSAf) with a μ1,1‐Asp249 and the binding of His247, Glu100, Glu252, and His67 or Asn99. FAs hinder also the binding of VIVO2+ to the MBS.