bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE)
Authors: Longobardi A. , Boselli A. , Fossati M. , Villa-Vélez J. A. , Bianchi S. , Casasola V. , Sarpa E. , Combes F. , Hensler G. , Burgarella D. , Schimd C. , Nanni A. , Côté P. , Buat V. , Amram P. , Ferrarese L. , Braine J. , Trinchieri G. , Boissier S. , Boquien M. , Andreani P. , Gwyn S. , Cuillandre J. C. 
Published: October 2020

Aims. We measure far-infrared (FIR) emission from tails of stripped dust following the ionised and atomic gas components in galaxies undergoing ram pressure stripping. We study the dust-to-gas relative distribution and mass ratio in the stripped interstellar medium and relate them to those of the intra-cluster medium (ICM), thus linking the cluster-ICM-galaxy evolution at small-scales. The galaxy sample consists of three Scd Virgo galaxies with stellar masses in the range of 109 ≲ M* ≲ 1010 M⊙ and within 1 Mpc from the cluster centre, namely NGC 4330, NGC 4522, and NGC 4654.
Methods. Through the analysis of Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE) Hα, Herschel SPIRE FIR, and VLA Imaging of Virgo in Atomic gas HI data, we trace the spatial distribution of the tails and infer the dust and gas masses from the measured FIR 250 μm and HI flux densities. Dust-to-gas mass ratios in the tails are analysed as a function of the galaxy mass, metallicity, and dust temperature.
Results. Along the stripped component, the dust distribution closely follows the HI and Hα emitting gas, which extend beyond the optical disc (defined by the B-band 25th magnitude isophote). In these regions, the dust-to-gas mass ratios are 2.0 ± 0.6 × 10−3, 0.7 ± 0.1 × 10−3, and 0.4 ± 0.03 × 10−3 for NGC 4330, NGC 4522, and NGC 4654, respectively. Thus, dust is widespread in the stripped material with a lower dust-to-gas mass ratio (up to a factor of 15) than the one measured in the main body of nearby galaxies. We also find a negative trend in the dust-to-gas mass ratio as a function of the metallicity that can be explained in terms of a dust component more centrally concentrated in more metal-rich systems. Together with the finding that the stripped dust is cold, Td ≲ 25 K, our results can be interpreted as a consequence of an outside-in stripping of the galaxy interstellar medium.
Conclusions. Gas and dust in galaxies are perturbed in a similar fashion by the cluster environment, although their relative contribution differs from the one measured in the main body of the galaxies. When this value is considered, ram pressure stripping is consistent with being one of the key mechanisms in building up the Virgo intra-cluster component, injecting dust grains into the ICM, thus contributing to its metal enrichment.
Panchromatic calibration of Ca II triplet luminosity dependence
Authors: Dias B. , Parisi M. C. 
Published: October 2020

Context. The line strength of the near-infrared Ca II triplet (CaT) lines are a proxy for measuring metallicity from integrated and individual stellar spectra of bright red giant stars. In the latter case it is a mandatory step to remove the magnitude (proxy for gravity, temperature, and luminosity) dependence from the equivalent width (EW) of the lines before converting them into metallicities. For decades the working empirical procedure has been to use the relative magnitude with respect to the horizontal branch level or red clump, with the advantage that it is independent from distance and extinction.
Aims. The V filter is broadly adopted as the reference magnitude, although a few works have used different filters (I and Ks, for example). In this work we investigate the dependence of the CaT calibration using the griz filters from the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) and the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS), the G filter from Gaia, the BVI filters from the Magellanic Clouds photometric survey (MCPS), and the YJKs filters from the Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) InfraRed CAMera (VIRCAM). We use as a reference the FOcal Reducer and low dispersion Spectrograph 2 (FORS2) V filter used in the original analysis of the sample.
Methods. Red giant stars from clusters with known metallicity and available CaT EWs were used as reference. Public photometric catalogues were taken from the Survey of the MAgellanic Stellar History (SMASH) second data release, VISTA survey of the Magellanic Clouds system (VMC), Gaia, MCPS surveys, plus VIsible Soar photometry of star Clusters in tApi’i and Coxi HuguA (VISCACHA) GMOS data, for a selection of Small Magellanic Cloud clusters. The slopes were fitted using two and three lines to be applicable to most of the metallicity scales.
Results. The magnitude dependence of the CaT EWs is well described by a linear relation using any filter analysed in this work. The slope increases with wavelength of the filters. The zero point (i.e. reduced EW), which is the metallicity indicator, remains the same.
Conclusions. If the same line profile function is used with the same bandpasses and continuum regions, and the total EW comes from the same number of lines (2 or 3), then the reduced EW is the same regardless the filter used. Therefore, any filter can be used to convert the CaT equivalent widths into metallicity for a given CaT calibration.
Quiet-Sun hydrogen Lyman-α line profile derived from SOHO/SUMER solar-disk observations
Authors: Gunár S. , Schwartz P. , Koza J. , Heinzel P. 
Published: October 2020

Context. The solar radiation in the Lyman-α spectral line of hydrogen plays a significant role in the illumination of chromospheric and coronal structures, such as prominences, spicules, chromospheric fibrils, cores of coronal mass ejections, and solar wind. Moreover, it is important for the investigation of the heliosphere, Earth’s ionosphere, and the atmospheres of planets, moons, and comets.
Aims. We derive a reference quiet-Sun Lyman-α spectral profile that is representative of the Lyman-α radiation from the solar disk during a minimum of solar activity. This profile can serve as an incident radiation boundary condition for the radiative transfer modelling of chromospheric and coronal structures. Because the solar radiation in the Lyman lines is not constant over time but varies significantly with the solar cycle, we provide a method for the adaptation of the incident radiation Lyman line profiles (Lyman-α and higher lines) to a specific date. Moreover, we analyse how the change in the incident radiation influences the synthetic spectra produced by the radiative transfer modelling.
Methods. We used SOHO/SUMER Lyman-α raster scans obtained without the use of the attenuator in various quiet-Sun regions on the solar disk. The observations were performed on three consecutive days (June 24, 25, and 26, 2008) during a period of minimum solar activity. The reference Lyman-α profile was obtained as a spatial average over eight available raster scans. To take into account the Lyman-α variation with the solar cycle, we used the LISIRD composite Lyman-α index. To estimate the influence of the change in the incident radiation in the Lyman lines on the results of radiative transfer models, we used a 2D prominence fine structure model.
Results. We present the reference quiet-Sun Lyman-α profile and a table of coefficients describing the variation of the Lyman lines with the solar cycle throughout the lifetime of SOHO. The analysis of the influence of the change in the incident radiation shows that the synthetic spectra are strongly affected by the modification of the incident radiation boundary condition. The most pronounced impact is on the central and integrated intensities of the Lyman lines. There, the change in the synthetic spectra can often have the same amplitude as the change in the incident radiation itself. The impact on the specific intensities in the peaks of reversed Lyman-line profiles is smaller but still significant. The hydrogen Hα line can also be considerably affected, despite the fact that the Hα radiation from the solar disk does not vary with the solar cycle.
Statistical analysis of orientation, shape, and size of solar wind switchbacks
Authors: Laker R. , Horbury T. S. , Bale S. D. , Matteini L. , Woolley T. , Woodham L. D. , Badman S. T. , Pulupa M. , Kasper J. C. , Stevens M. , Case A. W. , Korreck K. E. 
Published: October 2020

Context. One of the main discoveries from the first two orbits of Parker Solar Probe (PSP) was the presence of magnetic switchbacks, whose deflections dominated the magnetic field measurements. Determining their shape and size could provide evidence of their origin, which is still unclear. Previous work with a single solar wind stream has indicated that these are long, thin structures although the direction of their major axis could not be determined.
Aims. We investigate if this long, thin nature extends to other solar wind streams, while determining the direction along which the switchbacks within a stream were aligned. We try to understand how the size and orientation of the switchbacks, along with the flow velocity and spacecraft trajectory, combine to produce the observed structure durations for past and future orbits.
Methods. The direction at which the spacecraft cuts through each switchback depended on the relative velocity of the plasma to the spacecraft and the alignment direction for that stream. We searched for the alignment direction that produced a combination of a spacecraft cutting direction and switchback duration that was most consistent with long, thin structures. The expected form of a long, thin structure was fitted to the results of the best alignment direction, which determined the width and aspect ratio of the switchbacks for that stream.
Results. We find that switchbacks consistently demonstrate a non-radial alignment in the same sense as the Parker spiral field, but not the background flow direction within each stream. This alignment direction varied between streams. The switchbacks had a mean width of 50 000 km, with an aspect ratio of the order of 10.
Conclusions. We conclude that switchbacks are not aligned along the background flow direction, but instead aligned along the local Parker spiral, perhaps suggesting that they propagate along the magnetic field. Since the observed switchback duration depends on how the spacecraft cuts through the structure, the duration alone cannot be used to determine the size or influence of an individual event. For future PSP orbits, a larger spacecraft transverse component combined with more radially aligned switchbacks will lead to long duration switchbacks becoming less common.
De l’utilisation des technologies 3D numériques pour l’analyse, la planification et le rétrocontrôle d’un traitement orthodontique de troubles fonctionnels temporo-mandibulaires
Authors: Petitpas Laurent 
Published: October 2020

Nous souhaitons présenter dans cet article, un cas clinique pédagogique d’une adolescente où les analyses numériques ont été utilisées tout au long de la gestion de sa reprise de traitement.
L’arrivée de la tomodensitométrie à faisceau conique (CBCT) et de logiciels informatiques 3D, permet aux orthodontistes de fournir des diagnostics, des simulations et des traitements plus précis. D’un point de vue éthique, il n’est pas acceptable de soigner sans utiliser les méthodes les plus bénéfiques aux patients.
En effet, les fichiers DICOM de CBCT renferment une multitude d’informations que nous ne possédions pas auparavant. Des techniques de segmentation par des logiciels de sélection par seuillage nous permettent de visualiser précisément les rapports radiculaires et osseux en 3D. Une connaissance précise de la position des racines dentaires et des bases osseuses améliore la détermination du succès du traitement orthodontique par une surveillance accrue.
De nos jours, compte tenu de la rapidité du développement technologique, une combinaison de scanners intra-oraux, d’enregistrements numériques 3D, de multi-bagues individualisés, d’arcs personnalisés, de collage indirect numérique, et d’aligneurs de finition deviendra bientôt une obligation de moyens orthodontiques.
Einfluss der thermischen Enthornung mit unterschiedlichem Schmerzmanagement auf die Gesundheit von Kälbern
Authors: Kretschmann Johannes , Scherf Lisa , Fischer Marie Luise , Kaiser Matthias , Müller Hendrik , Spilke Joachim , Mielenz Norbert , Möbius Gerd , Bittner Lilli , Steinhöfel Ilka , Baumgartner Walter , Starke Alexander 
Published: October 2020

Zusammenfassung
Gegenstand und Ziel Die thermische Enthornung von Kälbern stellt einen mit Schmerz und Stress verbundenen Eingriff dar. Verschiedene Verfahren der Schmerzausschaltung sowie die unmittelbaren Auswirkungen auf physiologische, biochemische und ethologische Prozesse wurden bereits ermittelt. Ziel der Studie war zu evaluieren, ob die Enthornung selbst, das Schmerzmanagement oder das Alter der Kälber zum Zeitpunkt des Eingriffs die Gesundheit der Tiere beeinflusst.
Material und Methode Die Studie wurde als randomisierte, dreifach verblindete, prospektive Untersuchung an 337 weiblichen Deutsch-Holstein-Kälbern durchgeführt. Die Enthornung der Tiere erfolgte zwischen dem 4. und 10. Lebenstag oder zwischen dem 15. und 28. Lebenstag. Jedes Kalb wurde dabei einer von 9 Behandlungsgruppen zugelost, die sich in Art und Umfang der analgetischen Komponenten (Sedation, Leitungsanästhesie, Antiphlogese vs. Plazebo) unterschieden. Alle Kälber, bis auf die aus der Gruppe der scheinenthornten, wurden thermisch enthornt und sämtliche Tiere unterlagen einer klinischen Überwachung beginnend vor bis 4 Wochen nach dem Eingriff. Die erhobenen Befunde wurden als Boniturnoten unter Verwendung des Schwellenwertkonzepts mit dem Statistikprogramm SAS ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Die Enthornung beeinflusste die Gesundheit des Respirationsapparats der Kälber. Tiere, bei denen die Enthornung lediglich simuliert wurde, zeigten die niedrigsten Erkrankungsraten. Am häufigsten erkrankten Kälber, bei denen die Enthornung ohne Analgesie erfolgte. Die Varianten des Schmerzmanagements senkten das Risiko respiratorischer Erkrankungen in unterschiedlichem Maß. Die zu einem früheren Zeitpunkt enthornten Kälber wiesen seltener eine abweichende innere Körpertemperatur auf als ältere Kälber.
Schlussfolgerung Die Enthornung stellt ein Risiko für die Gesundheit des Respirationsapparats von Kälbern dar. Sind Hornloszüchtung oder die Haltung horntragender Tiere nicht möglich, kann durch ein adäquates Schmerzmanagement das Risiko respiratorischer Erkrankungen gesenkt werden. Die Enthornung zu einem frühen Zeitpunkt ist möglich und sinnvoll.
Klinische Relevanz Die Studie belegt die Bedeutung eines adäquaten Schmerzmanagements zur Enthornung für die Kälbergesundheit.
Tierschutzprobleme von der Aufzucht bis zur Schlachtung in Rinderbetrieben aus amtstierärztlicher Sicht
Authors: Scheibl Peter 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungBei der amtlichen Kontrolle rinderhaltender Betriebe in Deutschland sind einige den Tierschutz betreffenden Verstöße regelmäßig zu beanstanden. In diesem Beitrag werden zunächst die rechtlichen und fachlichen Grundlagen für RinderhalterInnen sowie grundlegende Begriffe erläutert. Anschließend werden Tierschutzprobleme bei der Aufzucht von Kälbern und Jungrindern, der Haltung von Milch- und Mastrindern, dem Transport und der Nottötung von Rindern aus der Sicht der Veterinärbehörden diskutiert. Praktizierenden TierärztInnen soll vermittelt werden, wie ihre KollegInnen in den Veterinärämtern Tierschutzverstöße bewerten. Mit der Weitergabe dieser Bewertungsgrundlagen an die Klientel kann zur Vermeidung von Schmerzen und Leiden beim Rind beigetragen werden.
Estudo comparativo entre as escalas: “Subjective Elbow Value” e “Patient-rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation” aplicadas em pacientes com epicondilite lateral do cotovelo
Authors: Ikemoto Roberto Yukio , Almeida Luiz Henrique Oliveira , Motta Giovanna Galvão Braga , Kim Alexandre Se Moo , Lial Carlos Vitor Nunes , Claros Johny James 
Published: October 2020

Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar se a aplicação das escalas subjective elbow value (SEV) e Patient-rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) apresentam resultados similares na avaliação de pacientes com epicondilite lateral do cotovelo.
Métodos Trinta e sete indivíduos com diagnostic de epicondilite lateral do cotovelo foram avaliados no ambulatório de cirurgia do ombro e cotovelo do nosso hospital. O diagnóstico foi realizado com a história clínica da patologia, exame físico, raio-x, e ultrassonográfia. Foram utilizadas as escalas SEV e PRTEE, e os resultados foram comparados estatisticamente, usando-se como nível de significância 5% (p ≥ 0,05).
Resultados Encontramos uma relação estatisticamente significante entre os valores obtidos pelas escalas SEV e PRTEE quando aplicadas no grupo de pacientes portadores de epicondilite lateral (p = 0,017).
Conclusão Subjective elbow value apresentou resultados similares ao PRTEE na avaliação de pacientes com diagnóstico de epicondilite lateral do cotovelo.
Failure of Fondaparinux in Autoimmune Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Sartori Michelangelo , Cosmi Benilde 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune adverse reaction to heparin that is associated with life-threatening thrombotic complications. More rarely, HIT may begin after stopping of heparin or after flushes of heparin (autoimmune HIT). Fondaparinux has been proposed as a candidate treatment for HIT, but there are few data on its use in autoimmune HIT. An 86-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia was admitted to our hospital for carotid endarterectomy. During surgery, only one heparin dose of 5,000 U was used. Platelet count started to decrease on the 11th day after surgery. Since the patient was not receiving heparin treatment/prophylaxis, HIT was not suspected. On day 19, platelet count was 61 × 103/μL, and the patient was investigated for a diagnosis of HIT. Immunoglobulin (Ig)-G-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was positive and HIT was confirmed by a platelet aggregation test; fondaparinux 5 mg once a day was started. During fondaparinux treatment, platelet count did not increase and a lower leg deep vein thrombosis occurred. Fondaparinux was stopped and rivaroxaban 15 mg twice a day was started. Platelet count returned to base line after 10 days from fondaparinux withdrawal. There was no thrombotic event or bleeding complication during rivaroxaban treatment. Anecdotal evidence suggests risk of failure of fondaparinux treatment for autoimmune HIT and supports the use of rivaroxaban for treatment of HIT, justifying larger studies.
Pilot Study of Sham Feeding in Postoperative Neonates
Authors: Tucker Alyssa , Huang Eunice Y. , Peredo Julia , Weems Mark F. 
Published: October 2020

Objective Sham feeding may enhance development of oral skills in neonates after bowel surgery and decrease stress levels in mothers. In this pilot study, we test the feasibility of sham feeding, identify safety hazards, and assess maternal satisfaction.
Study Design A convenience sample of 15 postoperative neonates was enrolled. Sham feeding with unfortified human milk was offered following a strict advancement protocol beginning with 5 mL once daily and increasing up to 30 mL, three times daily. Continuous gastric suction was used during sham feeding. Each mother completed a satisfaction survey. Sham-fed gastroschisis patients were compared with a historic cohort.
Results All 15 patients were able to sham feed. A total of 312 sham feeds were offered with a median of 23 sham events per patient. Four minor complications occurred during sham feeding. No differences were noted between 11 sham-fed gastroschisis patients and 81 historic controls. The mothers reported a decrease in stress after sham feeding using a 5-point score (3.8 ± 1.4 vs. 1.5 ± 0.7, p < 0.005) and 100% satisfaction with sham feeding.
Conclusion Sham feeding is feasible for neonates after bowel surgery and is highly rated by mothers.
Key Points
Three-dimensional deconvolution processing for STEM cryotomography
Authors: Waugh Barnali , Wolf Sharon G. , Fass Deborah , Branlund Eric , Kam Zvi , Sedat John W. , Elbaum Michael 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Electron tomography is used to reveal the structure of cells in three dimensions (3D). The combination with cryogenic fixation provides a snapshot in time of the living state. However, cryotomography normally requires very thin specimens due to image formation by conventional phase contrast transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thickness constraint can be relaxed considerably by scanning TEM (STEM), yet 3D reconstruction is still subject to artifacts inherent in the collection of data by tilted projections. We show here that deconvolution algorithms developed for fluorescence microscopy can suppress these artifacts, resulting in significant contrast enhancement. The method is demonstrated by cellular tomography of complex membrane structures and by segmentation of chromatin into distinct, contiguous domains of high and low density.
Behavior and mechanics of dense microgel suspensions
Authors: Nikolov Svetoslav V. , Fernandez-Nieves Alberto , Alexeev Alexander 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Microgel suspensions are a fascinating class of soft materials comprising compliant colloidal particles that can deform, swell/deswell, and interpenetrate. Understanding the behavior of microgels in dense suspensions can guide the design of self-healing synthetic materials with novel mechanical properties and facilitate the development of mechanistic models for biological tissues. We harness mesoscale computer simulations to probe the fate of microgels during suspension compression and show that below space-filling microgels deform and slightly shrink, whereas above space-filling microgels mostly shrink and mildly interpenetrate. Furthermore, despite the markedly different mechanical responses associated with changes in particle density and interparticle interactions, we show that suspension mechanics can always be rationalized using the single-microgel bulk modulus, which thus arises as the key mechanical descriptor for the suspension.
Superhydrophobic surfaces for extreme environmental conditions
Authors: Lambley Henry , Schutzius Thomas M. , Poulikakos Dimos 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Despite the critical role of air in bestowing surfaces with superhydrophobic properties, little consideration has been given to how the atmospheric composition affects the ability of engineered and natural surfaces to repel impinging droplets. We establish that both environmental conditions of reduced pressure and increased humidity can significantly decrease the performance of surfaces that are seemingly robust in ambient conditions. We explain the mechanism behind this by thermodynamically modelling the compressed air layer beneath the droplet immediately before impact and reveal a previously unreported surface failure mechanism stemming from condensation within the texture. We also demonstrate that through the addition of appropriately scaled nanotexture, it is possible to mitigate against the detrimental effects of these extreme environmental conditions.