bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viral shedding and immunological features of children COVID-19 patients
Authors: Yang Yang , Zheng Haixia , Peng Ling , Wei Jinli , Wang Yanrong , Li Hexiao , Peng Bo , Fang Shisong , Zhang Mingxia , Li Yanjie , Liu Hui , Feng Kai , Xing Li , Wang Jun , Cao Mengli , Wang Fuxiang , Liu Lei , Liu Yingxia , Yuan Jing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 could infect people at all ages, and the viral shedding and immunological features of children COVID-19 patients were analyzed.Methods Epidemiological information and clinical data were collected from 35 children patients. Viral RNAs in respiratory and fecal samples were detected. Plasma of 11 patients were collected and measured for 48 cytokines.Results 40% (14/35) of the children COVID-19 patients showed asymptomatic infections, while pneumonia shown by CT scan occurred in most of the cases (32/35, 91.43%). Elevated LDH, AST, CRP, neutropenia, leukopenia, lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in some cases, and CD4 and CD8 counts were normal. A total of 22 cytokines were significantly higher than the healthy control, and IP-10, IFN-α2 of them in children were significantly lower than the adult patients. Meanwhile, MCP-3, HGF, MIP-1α, and IL-1ra were similar or lower than healthy control, while significantly lower than adult patients. Viral RNAs were detected as early as the first day after illness onset (d.a.o) in both the respiratory and fecal samples. Viral RNAs decreased as the disease progression and mostly became negative in respiratory samples within 18 d.a.o, while maintained relatively stable during the disease progression and still detectable in some cases during 36~42 d.a.o. Conclusion COVID-19 in children was mild, and asymptomatic infection was common. Immune responses were relatively normal in children COVID-19 patients. Cytokine storm also occurred in children patients, while much weaker than adult patients. Positive rate of viral RNAs in fecal samples was high, and profile of viral shedding were different between respiratory and gastrointestinal tract.
Reef Foraminifera As Bioindicator Of Coral Reef Health in Pulau Tioman, Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: A’ziz Aishah Norashikin Abdul , Minhat Fatin Izzati , Hui-Juan Pan , Shaari Hasrizal , Saelan Wan Nurzalia Wan , Azmi Nazihah , Manaf Omar Abdul Rahman Abdul , Ismail Md Nizam 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Pulau Tioman is one of the famous tourism islands in Peninsular Malaysia due to the beautiful terrestrial and coral reefs ecosystem. This study aims to assess and monitor the health of coral reef sites surrounding Pulau Tioman based on the application of Foraminifera in Reef Assessment and Monitoring (FORAM) Index. A total of ten selected sampling sites from west and east side of Pulau Tioman were setup in front of the major beach areas around Pulau Tioman. At each site, 100 m transect was laid out from shore towards the reef slope and surface sediment samples were collected at 50 m intervals. Eight orders, 41 families, 80 genera and 161 species of benthic foraminifera were identified around Pulau Tioman. Amphistegina lessonii found to be the most dominant species and the least dominant species (< 4%) are Bolivina vadescens, Elphidium neosimplex, Heterolepa dutemplei, Heterolepa subhaidingerii, Mikrobelodontos bradyi, Milliolinella suborbicularis, Operculina discoidalis, Parahourinoides fragillissimus, Quinqueloculina incisa, Quinqueloculina sulcate, Triloculinella bertheliniana and Triloculinella parisa. The highest and lowest numbers of species was recorded at station J3 and station F3. The agglutinated type of foraminifera contributed between 2–8% of the total assemblages. Meanwhile, calcareous hyaline and porcelaneous group represent 79% and 19% of total assemblages respectively. Based on the functional groups, symbiont-bearing taxa were the most common foraminiferal found in most of the stations. The present study indicates that majority of sampling sites around Pulau Tioman are conducive for coral reef growth and could recover from any future bleaching events or temporary damage in the ecosystem. However, several areas with higher coastal development and tourism activities has reduced water quality (FI < 4) and chances of better reef recovery. Thus, the number of visitors and tourists should be revised in order to produce a better condition for coral reefs to grow. This assumption is based on the established results of the FORAM index. Thus, we suppose that FORAM index could be used together with coral reef health index in other reef ecosystems around Malaysia to determine the condition and status of coral reef area.
Artificial Intelligence-based Personalized and Risk-adapted Surveillance Management for Urologic Cancer: A SEER-based Study
Authors: Eminaga Okyaz , Breil Bernhard , Semjonow Axel , Boegemann Martin , Xing Lei , Tinay Ilker , Liao Joseph 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Identification of prognosis changing events is essential during cancer surveillance. Current clinical practice is limited by “one-size-fits-all” time management or subjective assessment that is not necessarily appropriate for individual patients’ risk profiles. A risk-adapted follow-up is more efficient and optimal from the clinical perspective. Herein we introduce an artificial intelligence-based data-driven solution for risk-adapted follow-up schedule that devises the number of follow-up visits per year and assesses the cancer-specific risk profile over a long interval depending on the age at diagnosis. We utilized Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER), a cancer registry database and a resource for cancer-specific survival estimation in the United States that includes more than 2 million patients diagnosed with urologic cancers. We tested different machine learning algorithms on their definition for the feature importance and selected clinically relevant parameters regularly used in clinical routine to develop a survival modeling. As a result, the underlying recurrent neural network algorithm for follow-up modeling was fitted on the unseen test set with an overall concordance index score of 0.80. A controlled access to the online tool is available for physicians.
α-Tomatine Inhibits Proliferation, Metastasis, Drug Resistance and Immune Infiltration Through the PI3K-AKT-MAPK Axis in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhang Di , Yuan Hao , Mo Si-Si , Mo Xian-Wei , Tang Wei-Zhong , Yan Lin-Hai 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: α-Tomatine, a naturally existing steroidal glycoalkaloid in immature green tomatoes, had anticarcinogenic performances in various types of cancer cells. Within this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and potential molecular mechanism of α-tomatine in gastric cancer (GC) and the association with immune infiltration and prognosis.Methods: We used human GC cells MGC803, BGC823, SGC7901 and SGC7901/DDP to evaluate the cell functions of α-tomatine, and the molecular mechanisms of α-tomatine were investigated by qRT-PCR and western blotting analysis. Timer database was used to analyzed the correlation of targets repressed by α-tomatine, immune infiltration and prognosis. Results: Results showed that α-tomatine strongly inhibited PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathways, thereby repressing the proliferation and metastasis of GC cells with different differentiations and cisplatin resistance. The inhibitory effect of α-tomatine on TWIST, Slug and PARP in SGC7901/DDP cells also suggested α-tomatine provided a feasible approach for confronting metastasis of clinical cisplatin resistant cases. Immunologically, α-tomatine could partially modulate the process and consequences of immune infiltration based on the correlation between 65 genes corresponding to interacting proteins and immune cell infiltration. α-Tomatine could improve prognosis of GC patients by inhibiting AKT3, VIM, FN1 and SNAI2, and at least partially counteract immune dysfunction triggered by macrophage infiltration. Conclusion: Strategies for treating GC should not be restricted to single, repetitive drug use, they should be predisposed to emerging, multi-target drugs. GC was highly susceptible to α-tomatine suggesting that α-tomatine could be used as an emerging and promising approach to confront GC.
EEF1A Acts as A Promising Novel Bio-Marker in the Prognosis of Patients With Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Ning , Li Yanni , Zheng Yanfang , Chen Huoming , Wen Xiaolong , Li Zhaoxia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The morbidity and mortality of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is increasing in recent years. EEF1A2 could regulate multiple biological and pathological processes. Our study was designed to investigate the clinical significance of eEF1A2 for prognosis evaluation in CCA.Methods: The quantitative analysis for eEF1A2 in CCA specimens was performed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The influences of eEF1A2 expression on disease progression and survival of CCA patients were analyzed by Chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier method, respectively. Additionally, cox regression analyses were adopted to identify the potential predictive biomarker for prognosis of CCA.Results: eEF1A2 expression showed increased tendency in CCA tissues (P<0.05). The expression profile of eEF1A2 was positively correlated with TNM stage (P=0.004), lymph node metastasis (P=0.001) and distant metastasis (P=0.001). In addition, high eEF1A2 expression predicted dismal survival among CCA cases (P<0.05). EEF1A2 might be independently correlated with prognosis of CCA (HR=2.724, 95%CI=1.303-5.964, P=0.008).Conclusions: eEF1A2 may act as a predictive biomarker for clinical outcomes of CCA.
25-gauge vitrectomy with gas tamponade for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: experienced vs. inexperienced surgeons
Authors: Pencak Martin , Veith Miroslav , Stranak Zbynek , Dite Jakub , Vranova Jana , Studeny Pavel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: To compare the results and complication rates of a 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (25g PPV) with gas tamponade for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) between experienced and inexperienced surgeons.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective comparative consecutive case series study of patients with uncomplicated RRD treated with 25g PPV with gas tamponade. Patients were divided into 2 groups: In Group 1 (ESG) the procedure was performed by an experienced vitreoretinal surgeon and in Group 2 (ISG) the procedure was performed by 2 inexperienced surgeons. Anatomical and functional results and complication rates were compared between the two groups.Results: 216 eyes were included in the study. In the ESG (106 eyes), the single operation success rate was 94.3%, and the final success rate was 100%. The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 0.38 decimal to 0.73 decimal. In the ISG (110 eyes), the single operation success rate was 93.6%, and the final success rate was 100.0%. The mean BCVA improved from 0.33 decimal to 0.74 decimal. The differences between groups were not statistically significant. There was no difference in complication rates between groups.Conclusions: A 25g PPV with gas tamponade for treatment of RRD yields excellent anatomical results and improvement in BCVA. With good technique and use of modern vitrectomy machines and instruments, even inexperienced surgeons can achieve high single operation success rate, suggesting a short learning curve. The complication rate is comparable between experienced and inexperienced surgeons.
The study of the impact factors of behaviors of nursing intern students: PRECEDE-based structural equation modeling analysis
Authors: Zhang Li , Luo Yetao , Chen Yanhan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundTobacco hazard is known as one of the most critical public health problems. Nurses could and should help patients to quit smoking. However, the lack of tobacco cessation education of nurses at medical school leads to the absence of behaviors helping smokers to quit. The analysis of the factors that influencing the nursing interns to help smokers to quit provide evidence for nursing school to administer tobacco cessation education to facilitate more behaviors of smoking cessation in future nurses.ObjectTo explore the interaction and the effect coefficient among the influencing factors of the 5As behaviors of nursing interns in helping smokers to quit provide and to provide evidences for the tobacco cessation education. Method: Based on the PRECEDE theory, a questionnaire was developed with consideration of predisposing factor, enabling factor and reinforcing factor. Random Cluster Sampling was used to conduct a survey in 13 teaching hospitals selected from 29 in Chongqing to assess the 5As behaviors of all nursing interns. A structural equation model was established to test the path and effect coefficient of their 5As behaviors.ResultsThe survey investigated 1358 nurses, and the model fitted well with the data. The tobacco cessation education, one of the enabling factors, imposed max effect on the 5As of nursing interns directly（β=0.542，p<0.001） and indirectly（β=0.38，p<0.001）through self-efficacy. The reinforcing factors ( smoking cessation environment) imposed direct effect（β=0.305，p<0.001）and indirect effect on the 5As of nursing interns through attitude changes. Predisposing factors including self-efficacy influenced the 5As directly, while attitude（β=0.001，p<0.05）and knowledge（β=0.008，p<0.05）of tobacco cessation implied indirect influence on the 5As through self-efficacy change. ConclusionTobacco cessation education was the major factor that influenced the nursing interns’ behaviors of helping patients to quit smoking. Enhanced responsibility of smoking cessation education and skills training of clinical teachers can prompt them to actively help patients to quit smoking, actively instruct students the knowledge and skills of smoking quit to increase students' behavior of helping smokers to quit.
Effectiveness of introducing a 20-gauge core biopsy needle with a core trap in EUS-FNA/B for diagnosing pancreatic cancer
Authors: Watanabe Shunsuke , Miyoshi Jun , Toki Masao , Kambayashi Komei , Kitada Shuichi , Nosaka Takeshi , Goto Tomoyuki , Ota Hirotaka , Ochiai Kazushige , Gondo Koichi , Ikeuchi Nobuhito , Tsuji Shujiro , Nakamura Kenji , Shibahara Junji , Hisamatsu Tadakazu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration/biopsy (EUS-FNA/B) is a standard method for pathological diagnosis of pancreatic solid lesions. The EchoTip ProCore 20G® (PC20), a 20-gauge biopsy needle with a forward-bevel core trap, has been available in Japan since 2015.Methods: We compared the efficacy of the PC20 with that of the EchoTip ProCore 22G® (PC22) and Acquire 22G® (AC22) in EUS-FNA/B for diagnosing pancreatic cancer. This retrospective study included 191 patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent EUS-FNA/B using the PC20, PC22, or AC22 at our facility from April 2013 to October 2019. We investigated the patients’ clinical characteristics and the diagnostic accuracy and safety of each needle.Results: A sufficient stroke length of puncture was secured in all patients. The maximum length under EUS was shorter with the AC22 (22.1±2.2 mm) than PC20 (30.6±0.7 mm, p<0.01) and PC22 (30.3±0.8 mm, p<0.01). The histological accuracy was 96.4% with the PC20 but only 58.8% with the PC22 (adjusted p (p-adj)<0.0001) and 75.0% with the AC22 (p-adj=0.06). The diagnostic accuracy of the combination of histology and cytology was 96.4% with the PC20, while it was 72.1% with the PC22 (p-adj<0.0001) and 91.7% with the AC22 (p-adj>0.99). One patient (0.9%) in the PC20 group developed mild pancreatitis, but no adverse events occurred with the other needles. Conclusions: The PC20 showed better diagnostic capability than the PC22. The diagnostic efficacy was similar between the PC20 and AC22. The high histological accuracy of the PC20 could be advantageous for lesions in which histological assessment is critical.
Nucleotide Excision Repair Proteins and Risk of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas in a Chinese Population
Authors: Ren Pengyu , Niu Xiaorong , Zhao Ruimin , Chen Zichen , Dai Hao , Zhang Ling , Kou Bo , Xu Chongwen , Yao Xiaobao , Li Baiya , Shao Yuan , Zhang Shaoqiang , Liang Yiqian , Han Peng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is pivotal in the development of smoking-related malignancies. We hypothesize that expression levels of NER proteins are associated with risk of the head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) in a Chinese population. Methods To test this hypothesis, we conducted a case-control study of 337 HNSCC patients and 285 cancer-free controls by measuring the expression levels of nine core NER proteins in cultured peripheral lymphocytes. Results Compared with the controls, cases had statistically significantly lower expression levels of XPA (P=0.001). After dividing the subjects by controls’ medians of expression levels, we found an association between an increased risk of HNSCCs and low XPA expression levels [adjusted ORs and 95% CIs:1.42 and 1.03-1.96; Ptrend=0.031]. We identified a multiplicative interaction between smoking as well as drinking status and XPA expression levels (P = 0.005 and 0.044, respectively). Finally, the sensitivity of the expanded model with protein expression levels, in addition to demographic variables, on HNSCCs risk was significantly improved, especially among ever smokers and ever drinkers. Conclusions Reduced XPA expression levels were associated with an increased risk of HNSCCs in a Chinese population.
Clinical course, biomarkers, management and outcomes of patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 in Colombia
Authors: Yomayusa Nancy , Acevedo Kelly Rocío Chacón , Reina Adriana Janeth Avila , Rincón Karen Lorena , Toloza Carlos Hernando , Gomez Olga Gomez , Padilla Eduardo Low , Vallejo Juan Felipe Combariza , Rodriguez Johana Vargas , Molina Emilio Herrera , Marin Sandra Yadira Moreno , Moreno Carlos Arturo Álvarez 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) represents an unprecedented challenge for both people and health systems. Latin America is the current epicentre of the pandemic; however, there is little published clinical information on the clinical characteristics and outcomes.Objective: To analyse the clinic characteristics, risk factors and evolution of the first cohort of hospitalised patients with confirmed infection by COVID-19 in 5 Colombian institutions.Methods: In the present retrospective observational study, information was acquired from consecutive hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from March 01 to May 30, 2020 in Colombia.Results: A total of 44 patients were included. The median age was 62 years, and 65.9% of the patients were male. A total of 69.8% of the patients were overweight or obese, and 13.6% of the patients had high blood pressure and diabetes. The presence of systemic symptoms and cough were the most common. Ground-glass opacity was frequent finding upon chest imaging. The 30-day mortality rate was 47.7% with a median of 11 days. The composite outcome (critical care requirement, mechanical ventilation and death) occurred in 36.4% of the patients. The biomarkers associated with mortality risk included troponin higher than 14 ng/L (RR: 5.25; 95% CI 1.37-20.1, p = 0.004) and D-dimer higher than 1000 ng/ml (RR: 3.0; 95% CI 1.4-6.3, p = 0.008). Cardiovascular complications, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute kidney injury were the most frequent comorbidities in patients with severe pneumonia.Conclusion: The clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis confirmed by RT-PCR in Colombian patients admitted to a high-complexity hospital was similar to that reported in the literature; however, the population was characterised by a more advanced stage of the infection.
Case report: BRAF-MAD1L1 and BRAF-ZC3H7A: novel gene fusion in Rhabdomyosarcoma and Lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jiang Da , Jin Hui , Zhou Xinliang , Fan Shaoshuang , Lei Mengping , Xu Mian , Chen Xiaoyan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
BackgroundRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) epitomizes the success of cancer prevention by the development of conventional therapy, but huge challenges remain in the therapy of advanced diseases. Case presentationWe reported two cases of novel BRAF gene fusion. The first case was a 34-year-old female with RMS harboring a BRAF-MAD1L1 fusion. She suffered tumor resection, recurrence and rapid progression. The second case was a 72-year-old female with LADC harboring a BRAF-ZC3H7A fusion, and she gained rapid progression after receiving a first-line course of chemotherapy. ConclusionsThese two BRAF fusions retain the intact BRAF kinase domain (exon 11-18) and showed poor prognosis in RMS and LADC.
Accumulation of the Delivered Dose Based on Cone-Beam CT and Deformable Image Registration for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Hypofractionated Radiotherapy
Authors: Wang Bin , Wang DaQuan , Lin MaoSheng , Lu ShiPei , Zhang Jun , Chen Li , Li QiWen , Cheng ZhangKai , Liu FangJie , Guo JinYu , Liu Hui , Qiu Bo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to quantify the dosimetric differences between the planned and delivered dose to tumor and normal organs in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LANSCLC) treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy (HRT), and to explore the necessity and identify optimal candidates for adaptive radiotherapy (ART).Methods: Twenty-seven patients with stage III NSCLC were enrolled. Planned radiation dose was 51Gy in 17 fractions with cone-beam CT (CBCT) acquired at each fraction. Virtual CT was generated by deformable image registration (DIR) of the planning CT to CBCT for dose calculation and accumulation. Dosimetric parameters were compared between original and accumulated plans using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Correlations between dosimetric differences and clinical variables were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test or Chi-square test.Results: Patients had varied gross tumor volume (GTV) reduction by HRT (median reduction rate 11.1% , range -2.9%-44.0%). The V51 of PTV-GTV was similar between original and accumulated plans (mean, 88.2% vs. 87.6%, p=0.452). Only 11.1% of patients had above 5% relative decrease in V51 of PTV-GTV in accumulated plans. Compared to the original plan, limited increase (median relative increase <5%) was observed in doses of total lung (mean dose, V20 and V30), esophagus (mean dose, maximum dose) and heart (mean dose, V30 and V40) in accumulated plans. Less than 30% of patients had above 5% relative increase of lung or heart doses. Patients with quick tumor regression or baseline obstructive pneumonitis showed more notable increase in doses to normal structures. Patients with baseline obstructive atelectasis showed notable decrease (10.3%) in dose coverage of PTV-GTV.Conclusions: LANSCLC patients treated with HRT had sufficient tumor dose coverage and acceptable normal tissue dose deviation. ART should be applied in patients with quick tumor regression and baseline obstructive pneumonitis/atelectasis to spare more normal structures.