bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connaissances endogènes et perception du déficit hydrique liées à la culture du piment (<I>Capsicum spp.</I>) au Togo
Authors: Ledi Kwassi Kporliawornou , Odah Komi , Kamou Hodabalo , Bokobana Atalaèsso , Egbare Lidaou , Akpavi Sêminhinva , Tozo Koffi 
Published: October 2020

Au Togo, la production du piment (Capsicum spp.), légumineuse prisée, reste encore très faible. Afin d’aider à sa promotion, une enquête a été menée dans 20 localités, pour évaluer les contraintes qui y sont liées, la perception paysanne du déficit hydrique et les pratiques endogènes de gestion de l’eau. Au total, 28 contraintes ont été répertoriées dont la plus citée est le déficit hydrique (94,74%). La corrélation entre les localités et les contraintes citées a permis de définir trois groupes de localités dont deux géographiquement homogènes. La région centrale, avec le plus grand nombre de contraintes, connaît également les plus longues durées de poches de sécheresse en pleine saison pluvieuse (2,4 ± 0,75 semaines). En périodes de manque d’eau, les producteurs adoptent diverses pratiques endogènes consommatrices d’eau (irrigation, arrosage) et/ou conservatrices d’humidité (paillage, agriculture sur berge). Aussi, 34 cultivars, sous réserve de synonymie, ont été identifiés, répartis en six groupes suivant une classification ascendante hiérarchique basée sur la forme des fruits. Le cultivar Gboyébéssé est le plus prisé avec un indice de valeur d’importance de 1,22. Ces résultats pourront permettre de mieux planifier les plans d’action des différents acteurs de la filière piment pour une production optimale.Mots clés : Légumes, stress hydrique, pratiques endogènes, contraintes de culture, Togo.

English Title: Endogenous knowledges and perception of water deficit related to chilli (Capsicum spp.) cultivation of in TogoIn Togo, the production of chili pepper (Capsicum spp.), estimated vegetable, is still very low. In order to help its promotion, a survey was conducted in 20 areas, to assess the related constraints, the peasant perception of water deficit and the endogenous practices of water management. A total of 28 constraints were identified and the most cited is water deficit (94.74%). Three groups of areas (of which two are geographically homogeneous) emerged after a correlation between areas and constraints. The central region, with the highest number of constraints cited, also has the longest dry pockets in the wet season (2.4 ± 0.75 weeks). In response to periods of lack of water, producers adopt various endogenous water-consuming practices (irrigation, watering) and/or humidity-conserving practices (mulching, riverbank farming). Also, the study identified 34 cultivars if no synonymy, divided into six groups according to an ascending hierarchical classification and based on the pomological characteristics of the fruit. Cultivar Gboyébéssé is the most popular cultivar with a value index of 1.22. These results can be the basis for better action plan of the various stakeholders in the chilli pepper sector for an optimal production.Keywords: Vegetables, water stress, endogenous practices, cultural constraints, Togo.
Costs and benefits of early response in the COVID-19 outbreak in Cameroon: DALYs, treatment cost and labour supply lost
Authors: Kinga Bertila Mayin , Munteh Promise Aseh , Wilfred Mbacham Fon 
Published: October 2020

COVID-19 has had multiple effects on our daily lives and led to a general recession of what is today known as the Coronavirus recession. This is an economic recession across the world economy in 2020 due to the 2019/20 coronavirus pandemic (Schwartz, 2020).The trajectory of COVID-19 is highly uncertain. Variables include how long it will take for the virus to play out, how many people will be infected, how many will die, and whether the virus will spread significantly( Zandi et al, 2020). There is thus a need for studies to analyze the detail cost and benefit of an early response to this pandemic. This work sets out to calculate the costs and benefits of early response in the COVID-19 outbreak in Cameroon using DALYs, healthcare expenditure and labour supply lost. In order to do this, secondary data was collected from the Ministry of Public Health periodic reports on the COVID-19 situation and from the global disease burden report published in 2015. Data were analyzed using standard formula as used in Shutterstock, (2020) to calculate DALY, while percentages, algebra and other descriptive statistical tools like charts were used to present findings. Results showed that Cameroon had 658, 2265, 7599 and 14,916 cases one, two, three and months respectively after the outbreak. Results further show a 16.37 loss years of “healthy” life per person and a total of 10771.46DALYs, 37078.05DALYs, 124,395.6DALYs and 244,174.9DALYs after one, two, three and four months of onset. Health care expenditure for all patients stood at 2.632M, 9.060M, 30,396M and 59,664M FCFA for one, two, three and four months respectively after onset COVID 19 6 of March 2020. Lastly, all patients in total lost 105,280, 362,400, 1215840 and 2386560 hours of labour one, two, three and four months respectively after the onset of COVID 19 in Cameroon. This study thus concludes that COVID-19 has enormous cost to patients and government and a timely intervention will lead to great benefits. It recommends strict adherence to government’s preventive measures modified from the WHO guide. This will lessen the economic consequences of COVID 19 in Cameroon thus preventing the Economy from sinking into a recession.
Key words : Covid-19, Cost, benefit and Intervention, Cameroon, DALY, economic, Recession
Prevalence of Hydatid cyst infection in Goats and Sheep slaughtered at ’Yan tumaki slaughter slab in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Okoye C.O , Aken’ova T.L.O , Kogi E , Luka S.A 
Published: October 2020

Hydatid cyst infection/hydatidosis is a cyclozoonotic helminthic disease caused by the larval stage of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus. A study to determine prevalence of hydatidosis based on detection of palpable hydatid cysts and seroprevalence of hydatidosis using Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) was conducted in 284 goats and 188 sheep slaughtered at the ’Yan Tumaki slaughter slab in Zaria, Kaduna State. The overall prevalence of palpable cysts was 29.4% (30.9% in Goats and 27.1% in Sheep). Sero-prevalence of hydatid cyst infection was 51.4% (58.0% in Goats and 41.5% in Sheep). There was statistically significant difference of seroprevalence among Goats and Sheep (p<0.05). The sensitivity of ELISA in detecting hydatid cyst infection was higher in Goats (98.8%) than Sheep (92.7%) specificity was higher in Sheep (77.4%) than Goats (60.2%). The study concludes that Hydatid cyst infection is prevalent in domestic animals slaughtered in the study area.
Keywords: Hydatidosis, Palpable, Seroprevalence, hydatid cyst, ELISA, Goats, Sheep
Prevalence and fertility Status of hydatid cysts in Sheep and Goats slaughtered in selected abattoirs in Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Bello R.T , Luka S.A , Gadzama I.M.K 
Published: October 2020

Hydatidosis is one of the neglected zoonotic diseases of unrecognised importance that is caused by the dog tapeworm of thegenus Echinococcus. A study on the prevalence and fertility of hydatid cysts was conducted in sheep and goats slaughtered insome abattoirs in Adamawa State, Nigeria. A total of 1,603 animals comprising 760 sheep and 843 goats were examined forhydatid cysts by visual inspection, palpation and incision. A total of 31 (1.93%) of the study population harboured hydatidcysts, comprising 72 hydatid cysts in 13 (1.71%) sheep and 116 hydatid cysts in 18 (2.14%) goats. There was no significantdifference (p>0.05) in prevalence of hydatid cyst infection among sheep and goats. Age –specific prevalence of hydatid cystswas higher in goats 18(2.1%) than Sheep 13(1.7%), goats and sheep that were >3years old recorded highest prevalence(3.25%; 2.32%). There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in prevalence of cysts in different age groups. Prevalence ofcysts was higher in female sheep (1.96%) and goats (2.98%) than male sheep (1.49%) and goats (1.66%), the difference wasnot statistically significant (p>0.05). The number of hydatid cysts recovered in infected sheep was 72(25.0% fertile, 31.9%sterile and 43.0% calcified cysts) and 116 (47.4% fertile, 15.5% sterile and 25.9% calcified cysts) in goats. Highest number offertile cysts were recovered in lungs of sheep and goats (41.7%; 83.7%) than in their liver ( 16.7%; 37.8%). The differencewas not statistically significant (p>0.05). The most commonly infected organ was liver (66.7%) in sheep and lungs (68.1%)in goats. In conclusion, fertility of cysts in sheep and goats may serve as a potential source of transmission of hydatidosis todogs and continuation of its lifecycle. Strict regulation of slaughtering process including proper disposal of infected offalwould minimize transmission of cysts from intermediate to definitive hosts.
Keywords: Prevalence, Hydatid cysts, fertility, Sheep, Goat, Adamawa State
Sex and Age-related Parasitism of <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> in earthen ponds in African Regional Aquaculture Centre, Aluu, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Ayawei P.P , Imafidor H.O , Awi-Waadu G.D.B , Abah A 
Published: October 2020

This study aimed at investigating the sex and age-related parasitic burden of Clarias gariepinus cultured in earthen ponds. Eighty–five (85) fish samples were selected randomly for analyses from three earthen ponds. Sexing was done by the observation of the urinogenital papillae. For parasitological analysis, skin and gill scrapes were taken for external parasites while the stomach and intestines were slit open, rinsed and observed for helminthic worms. Parasites identified included; Chilodonella sp. (0.3%), Ichthyophthirius sp. (41.1%), Trichodina sp. (55%), Icthyobodo sp., (1.0%) and Gyrodactylus sp. (2.4%). From the study 31 out of 56 males and 20 out of 27 females were infected with parasites. Prevalence of infection in males and females were 55.36% and 74.07% respectively. Mean intensity of parasites was also higher for females (150.75) than for males (62.68) Chi square analysis however, revealed no significant effect (p<0.05) of parasitism on gender. It was further observed that juvenile males and early adult females respectively, had more parasites with 55.3 and 92.4 parasite mean intensities. Among age groups, the mid juveniles (25-99g) (19%), late juveniles (100-299g) (65%) and early adults (300-500g) (14%) were most infected, although there was no significant effect (p<0.05). Sex-related prevalence could be based on hormonal changes and reproduction in females, and competitive search for mates by males. Age-related infection was predicated upon active feeding habits reported among fish of these ages It is therefore recommended that routine health checks be carried out for pond cultured fish. Furthermore, that older fish be sorted and kept together, as they would have stronger immunity than younger fish.
Keywords; Zoonoses, fish infection, late juveniles, earthen pond, Clarias gariepinus, sex, age
How Domestic Animals aid in the spread of Geohelminths in their faecal Deposits, Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Adulugba O.A , Atsuwe T.S , Obisike V.U 
Published: October 2020

Domestic animals are source of protein and additional income in most families in Okpokwu Local Government Area BenueState. This study determined the prevalence of geohelminths in the faecal deposits from some domestic animals in OkpokwuLocal Government Area. A total of 480 faecal deposits were collected into the sterile specimen bottles and examined forpresence of helminthes eggs using test tube floatation technique. Of the 480 faecal samples examined, 161(33.5%) werepositive for one or more eggs of helminth parasites. The prevalences were 20%, 15.2%, 9.8%, 5.2% and 3.8% for Ascarisspecies, Toxocara species, Ancylostoma species, Strongloides and Trichuris species, respectively. The highest prevalence of48% was recorded in Ojigo ward and the least prevalence rate of 23% in Okpale/Ingle ward with no significant difference(p>0.05) in the distribution of eggs in the twelve (12) wards sampled. The public health importance of geohelminths eggs infaecal deposits cannot be underestimated therefore, community health education and restriction of animals from roaming arerecommended.
Keywords: Geohelminths, Domestic animals, Faeces, Okpokwu.
Pattern and Atherogenic Index of Dyslipidaemia among Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Umuerri E.M. 
Published: October 2020

Objective: To describe the prevalence, pattern and atherogenic index of dyslipidaemia among hypertensive patients.Method: Cross-sectional study of hypertensive subjects at first presentation in a community-based cardiology clinic in Delta State, Nigeria. The Delta State University Teaching Hospital Health Research Ethics Committee granted ethical approval for the study. Fasting serum lipid profile was retrieved and atherogenic indices calculated. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0.Result: The mean age of the 227 subjects was 55.4 (±13.6) years, and 111 (48.9%) were males. A total of 154 (67.8%) had at least one abnormal lipid profile level, out of which 56.5% were females (p=0.018). The pattern of dyslipidaemia [isolated (56, 36.4%), two-combined (65, 42.2%), and mixed (33, 21.4%)] did not differ by sex (p = 0.173). The predisposition to high cardiovascular risk was predicted by atherogenic index of plasma (59.5%),atherogenic coefficient (43.6%), Castelli ratios I, II (29.1%, 26.9%).Conclusion: The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 67.8%. Two-combined dyslipidaemia was the most common pattern
Keywords: Dyslipidaemia, atherogenic index, hypertension, prevalence, Nigeria
Influence of Organisational Culture on Employee Commitment: Evidence from Environmental Protection Agency in Ghana.
Authors: E. A. Acquah Hannah , Amoako Sarkodie Noble , Enoch Baffoe , Adams Lennox , Djanie Benjamin Nii Amon , Nunoo Joseph 
Published: October 2020

This study assesses the influence of culture on employee commitment at Environmental Protection Agency in Accra. The study adopted quantitative method using descriptive survey. One hundred and twenty-six (126) employees were selected using convenience sampling technique. The primary data was gathered using questionnaire and validated through Cronbach Alpha. In analysing the data gathered, descriptive as well as inferential statistics were employed. It was observed from the outcome that, the four culture dimensions used by the researchers all existed at the organisation. Further, training and development; reward and recognition; team work and organisational communication all showed significant relationship with employee commitment at the organisation. Thus, there was a positive effect between cultural practices in the organisation and employee commitment. Management must there ensure the fostering of strong culture to help retained committed staff which eventually reduce high turnover.
Citation: Acquah, H. E. A., Sarkodie, N. A., Baffoe, E., Lennox, A., Amon, D. B. N. and Nunoo, J. Influence of Organisational Culture on Employee Commitment: Evidence from Environmental Protection Agency in Ghana, 2020; 5(3): 45-57.
Received: May 28, 2020Accepted: September 30, 2020
Influence of Job Motivation on Basic School Teacher Retention in the Somanya Circuit of Eastern Region in Ghana Education Service
Authors: Owusu-Acheaw E. , Bakker-Edoh D. 
Published: October 2020

The study set out to examine the influence of motivation on teacher job performance and on teacher retention in the Somanya Circuit of the Ghana Education Service. Generally, teachers in Ghana tend to leave the teaching profession despite various interventions such as single salary spine and best teacher award scheme put in place. Teachers in the Somanya Circuit did not stay and work for more than three years but there is no documented reason why. Therefore the study was done to find out why and whether they were not motivated enough. The researcher adopted the descriptive survey design. A sample of 170 teachers selected by stratified random sampling was used. Questionnaires was the maininstrument used and the data collected were analysed with the statistical tool SPSS. The findings of the study revealed that basic school teachers in public school in the Somanya circuit were highly motivated, but they rated their mode of promotion and salary levels to be rather low. The results also revealed that respondents generally disagreed that thefactors of motivation like salary and monetary compensation, leave benefits, good retirement plan, promotion, job security, opportunities for extra income, health benefits, accommodation, free time during holidays and more time to attend to other issues do influence their level of motivation. It was further revealed that some basic school teachers havebeen retained in the Somanya circuit not necessarily based on the motivation avenues presented to them but on other factors Finally, it was recommended that Yilo Krobo Municipal Directorate of the Ghana Education Service should continue to motivate teachers by providing adequate supervision, recognition and appreciation to motivate basic schoolteachers in the Circuit.
Citation: E, Owusu-Acheaw, and D., Bakker-Edoh. Influence of Job Motivation on Basic School Teacher Retention in theSomanya Circuit of Eastern Region in Ghana Education Service, 2020; 5(3): 12-36.
Received: April 8, 2020Accepted: September 30, 2020
Stress and coping among surgery residents in a developing country
Authors: Qamar Riaz  , Syeda Kausar Ali  , Muhammad Rizwan Khan  , Abdul Rehman Alvi  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objective: Stress during residency training in surgical disciplines not only hampers professional development but can also compromise patient care and personal health. The purpose of this study was to measure the stress level among the surgical residents, identify factors within the learning and work environment that cause stress, and identify different strategies that the residents use habitually to cope with these stresses.
Methods: This mix method study was conducted in the department of Surgery at Aga Khan University, Pakistan. Residents’ stress level was measured using Perceived Stress Scale (PSS); focus group discussions (FGDs) with faculty and residents explored stressors during residency training, while Brief COPE Inventory identified the residents’ preferred coping strategy.
Results: A total of 68 (83%) surgery residents completed the survey of which 19% had high stress scores while only one resident had perception of low stress. Females had significantly higher stress scores (25.7±3.0; p=0.008) as compared to male counterparts. Planning (87.8%) and Self-distraction (65%) were the most commonly used adaptive and maladaptive strategies respectively. The reliability of the PSS and BCI measured by Cronbach’s alpha was 0.73 and 0.82 respectively. Work-life imbalance, workload and contradicting programme and hospital policies were identified in FGDs as major stressors during residency.
Conclusion: Although surgical residency programmes are very stressful, coping strategies are not formally taught during surgical training. Academia and hospital should join hands in developing interventions to enable residents cope with the situation.
Keywords: Stress level, Surgical Residency Training, Coping Strategies, Working hours
Glomangiopericytoma: a rare tumour of sinonasal cavity
Authors: Shayan Khalid Ghaloo  , Rahim Dhanani  , Hamdan Ahmed Pasha  , Muhammad Wasif  , Saira Fatima  , Mubasher Ikram  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The history of glomangiopericytoma began in 1924 when it was initially diagnosed by Stout and Murray. It is a rare tumour of the respiratory mucosa, with a prevalence of less than 0.5% among all sinonasal tumours. Literature shows female predominance among patients who develop glomangiopericytoma. So far, no accurate aetiology has been discovered, but there are certain risk factors, including trauma, use of corticosteroids and high blood pressure, which are believed to cause glomangiopericytoma. Patients usually present with a history of epistaxis or nasal blockage, though symptoms can get worse if the tumour is not resected timely and can lead to visual disturbance, chronic sinusitis and headache. It has reddish polypoidal appearance on examination. The best modality for the treatment of glomangiopericytoma is endoscopic surgical resection via trans-nasal approach. We present the case of a 70-year-old man, Continuous...
Simple and rapid method for silver nanoparticles incorporation in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) substrates
Authors: Campos Verónica , DeAlba-Montero Idania , Ruiz Facundo , Butrón-Téllez Girón Claudia , García-García Carlos Eduardo , Loredo-Tovías Marcos 
Published: October 2020

Due to its antimicrobial properties, silver has been used in many areas of medicine and today silver nanoparticles have been incorporated into different biomaterials. The objective of this study was to implement a simple method for the incorporation of silver nanoparticles in polymethyl methacrylate substrates, to determine their mechanical properties, antimicrobial functionality and the solubility of silver incorporated. Using this approach an antimicrobial material can be obtained; the surface of a commercial polymethyl methacrylate (Opti-cryl®) was impregnated with silver nanoparticles (AgNps) using a spray deposition method (0.03% by weight). The antimicrobial activity of the material was evaluated using the Japanese industrial standard (JIS Z 2801) against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to measure the solubility of the incorporated silver nanoparticles. Mechanical tests of flexural strength were performed to observe changes in mechanical properties. The antimicrobial results show that PMMA / AgNps has significant antimicrobial activity, showing better results for Escherichia coli. ICP-OES analysis suggests low solubility in silver nanoparticles. Mechanical tests showed a 1.6% increase in flexural strength for PMMA added with silver nanoparticles. The method presented for incorporating silver nanoparticles into PMMA and producing an acrylic antimicrobial substrate is easy and has the advantage of improving its mechanical properties.
Experimentação de texturas:
Authors: Moreira Adriana 
Published: October 2020

Este texto demonstra a busca por encontrar modos de refletir e escrever sobre a experiência artística denominada Experimentação de Texturas. Essa experiência consiste em uma prática que foi realizada em 2014 com crianças de 2 a 5 anos de idade em uma escola da rede particular de ensino. A prática, que tem momentos distintos em sua elaboração, ganha força ao sair do espanto perante o Caos e assumir que uma perspectiva caótica pode expressar os modos de a criança reelaborar o seu fazer artístico. Conceitos emergidos da Teoria do Caos, como auto-organização, imprevisibilidade, complexidade e sistemas, são pontos de análise, de (des) construção e reelaboração dessa experiência realizada dentro do espaço escolar. O texto está organizado em blocos de ideias e caixas de textos: blocos que expõem as ideias centrais do processo prático e caixas de textos com pensamentos que expressam o percurso prático da criação artística na forma de citações, relatos, narrativas e imagens. Trata-se de um modo de elaborar uma escrita menos linear, mais fragmentada e aberta a interpretações das leitoras e leitores, trazendo, assim, respingos caóticos também para a forma textual.