bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between the built environment and physical activity among adults with low socio-economic status in Canada: a systematic review
Authors: Christie Chelsea D. , Consoli Anna , Ronksley Paul E. , Vena Jennifer E. , Friedenreich Christine M. , McCormack Gavin R. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective
To synthesize literature on the associations between the built environment and physical activity among adults with low socio-economic status (SES) in Canada.

Methods
Using a pre-specified study protocol (PROSPERO ID: CRD42019117894), we searched seven databases from inception to November 2018, for peer-reviewed quantitative studies that (1) included adults with low SES living in Canada and (2) estimated the association between self-reported or objectively measured built characteristics and self-reported or objectively measured physical activity. Study quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Findings were synthesized using a narrative approach.

Synthesis
Of the 8338 citations identified by our search, seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies included adults living in one province (Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, or Quebec), with one study including a national sample. All studies were cross-sectional, and none controlled for residential self-selection. Sampling designs and data collection strategies were heterogeneous. Sample sizes ranged between 78 and 37,241 participants. Most studies measured SES using household income. Street connectivity, greenness, destination density, and walkability were positively associated with physical activity. Relative to the objectively measured built environment, associations between the self-reported built environment and physical activity were less consistent. Studies were of fair to good quality.

Conclusion
Findings suggest that the neighbourhood built environment is associated with physical activity among adults with low SES in Canada. More rigorous study designs are needed to determine whether or not the built environment and physical activity are causally related within this vulnerable population.
Traumatismo craneoencefálico en niños. Hospital General de Medellín y Clínica Somer de Rionegro, 2010-2017
Authors: Jiménez-Aguilar Diana Paola , Montoya-Jaramillo Luisa María , Benjumea-Bedoya Dione , Castro-Álvarez John Fredy 
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: describir las características sociodemográficas, aspectos clínicos y complicaciones de los niños de 0 a 10 años de edad que sufrieron traumatismo craneoencefálico, atendidos en el Hospital General de Medellín y en la Clínica Somer de Rionegro entre los años 2010 y 2017.Métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, toma como fuente de información las historias clínicas de los niños con diagnósticos relacionados con el traumatismo craneoencefálico entre 2010-2017. Se calcularon las proporciones de las variables sociodemográficas, circunstanciales, espacio-temporales y clínicas.Resultados: se encontraron 224 pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico, el 64,7 % de los casos fueron de sexo masculino, la edad promedio fue de 4,5 años. El trauma ocurrió con mayor frecuencia en el domicilio del paciente entre los días de la semana en las horas de la tarde. La causa principal del trauma fue caída (75 %), seguido por accidentes de tránsito (13,3 %). La gravedad del traumatismo se midió con la escala de coma de Glasgow, el 78 % fue leve, hubo un caso fatal y 7 (3 %) tuvieron complicaciones motoras durante la hospitalización.Conclusión: los hallazgos de este estudio coinciden con las principales características del traumatismo craneoencefálico de la población pediátrica en el mundo, amplía la información regional y local para el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención, diagnóstico y seguimiento a largo plazo de los pacientes.
Conexión intrínseca entre la pragmática y la gramática
Authors: Bachelor Jeremy W. 
Published: August 2020

Estudios sugieren que la gramática es un prerrequisito a la adquisición pragmática en la Lengua 2 o segunda lengua/lengua extranjera (L2), aunque una alta competencia gramatical no garantice una alta competencia pragmática. Este estudio examina extensamente la correlación entre estas dos competencias. En el año 2013, en una universidad norteamericana, 29 estudiantes de español de nivel intermedio-alto hicieron una prueba de gramática y una de pragmática. La segunda evaluó las solicitudes, las invitaciones, los rechazos y las disculpas en español. Al comparar las dos competencias, los resultados sugieren que existe una relación positiva entre la pragmática y la gramática. Por tanto, esta investigación apoya estudios previos que demuestran que la competencia gramatical de estudiantes de L2 es necesaria para el desarrollo de la competencia pragmática; sin embargo, noes suficiente para ella.
Massive Post-traumatic Femoral Cyst Resulting in Pathologic Fracture in a Child
Authors: Georgiadis Andrew G. , Gendi Kirollos M. , Reed Robyn C. 
Published: August 2020

Case:
A 10-year-old boy experienced a pathologic diaphyseal femur fracture through a large cyst encompassing 40% of femoral length. At age 5, he had had a traumatic ipsilateral diaphyseal femur fracture, treated with flexible nailing. Biopsy at age 10 revealed a simple bone cyst with components of aneurysmal bone cyst. Curettage, antegrade nailing, and allograft resulted in successful osseous healing.

Conclusion:
Post-traumatic cysts of long bones are rare and have not been reported to cause pathologic fracture in children. This case highlights that close scrutiny of follow-up radiographs of long bone fractures may identify clinically important post-traumatic cysts.
Associated Polymer ASP Flooding Scheme Optimization Design and Field Test after Polymer Flooding in Daqing Oilfield
Authors: Gao Shuling , He Yixin , Zhu Youyi , Han Peihui , Peng Shukai , Liu Xiaobo 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
There are 54 blocks entered into subsequent water flooding period after polymer flooding in Daqing oilfield, The comprehensive water cut is as high as 97.2% and the average oil recovery factor is 57% for the reservoir after polymer flooding, There are 44% geological reserves still remained underground and these reserves are of good quality for further exploitation. But the reservoir has gone through deepen development by tertiary oil recovery and entered into the period of the fourth enhanced oil recovery, so how to further enhance oil recovery is a world's toughest problem. Therefore a new oil displacing system with high efficiency should be developed suitable for the reservoir after polymer flooding in order to greatly enhance oil recovery for ultra-high water cut reservoir after polymer flooding.
In this paper, lots of lab experiments have been carried out consisting of oil displacement performance evaluation and formula optimizing. A new ASP formula using associated polymer has been developed, the incremental oil recovery of this system is 10.35% in the lab experiments of natural cores after polymer flooding. In contrast to linear polymer ASP system, associated polymer ASP system can reduce polymer dosage by 48% and increase oil recovery by 3.3% at the same time. The reservoir engineering and oil displacement scenarios have been worked out and the field test has been carried out in the N3D block with 16 injection wells and 25 production wells after polymer flooding in Daqing oilfield. The numerical simulation predicts the incremental oil recovery can reach up to 8.76% after polymer flooding.
The test has entered into field and obtained good technological and economic development effect. The blank water flooding began in Sep 2012 and the trial injection of ASP flooding began in Oct 2013 and the main ASP slug began in Jun 2014. Till Oct 2019, the accumulative injection pore volume was 0.9104 PV with the injection pressure increased by 4.7 MPa, water absorption thickness ratio increased by 27.1%, the biggest water cut decline of single well was 6.4% and the staged incremental oil recovery was 7.89%. At present, the accumulative oil production increment is 0.647 million barrels and the economic benefit is 32.35 million dollars. The numerical simulation prediction shows that the final accumulative oil production increment is 0.657 million barrels and the final economic benefit is 32.87 million dollars.
This new technology and field test can enhance oil recovery greatly for ultra-high water cut reservoir after polymer flooding and obtain good technological and economic development effect, so it has a broad application prospect and can be applied extensively in ultra-high water cut blocks after polymer flooding in Daqing oilfield.
Nonlinear Double-Log Mixing Rule for Viscosity Calculation of Bitumen/Solvent Mixtures Applicable for Reservoir Simulation of Solvent-Based Recovery Processes
Authors: Nourozieh Hossein , Ranjbar Ehsan , Kumar Anjani , Forrester Kevin , Sadeghi Mohsen 
Published: August 2020

SummaryVarious solvent-based recovery processes for bitumen and heavy-oil reservoirs have gained much interest in recent years. In these processes, viscosity reduction is attained not only because of thermal effects, but also by dilution of bitumen with a solvent. Accurate characterization of the oil/solvent-mixture viscosity is critical for accurate prediction of recovery and effectiveness of such processes. There are varieties of models designed to predict and correlate the mixture viscosities. Among them, the linear log mixing (Arrhenius) model is the most commonly used method in the oil industry. This model, originally proposed for light oils, often show poor performance (40 to 60% error) when applied to highly viscous fluids such as heavy oil and bitumen. The modified Arrhenius model, called the nonlinear log mixing model, gives slightly better predictions compared with the original Arrhenius model. However, the predictions still might not be acceptable because of large deviations from measured experimental data. Calculated mixture-phase viscosity has a significant effect on flow calculations in commercial reservoir simulators. Underestimation of mixture viscosities leads to overprediction of oil-production rates. Using such mixing models in reservoir simulation can lead to inaccuracy in mixture viscosities and hence large uncertainty in model results. In the present study, different correlations and mixing rules available in the literature are evaluated against the mixture-viscosity data for a variety of bitumen/solvent systems. A new form (nonlinear) of the double-log mixing rule is proposed, which shows a significant improvement over the existing models on predicting viscosities of bitumen/solvent mixtures, especially at high temperatures.
Semi-supervised Method for Image Texture Classification of Pituitary Tumors via CycleGAN and Optimized Feature Extraction
Authors: ZHU Hong , FANG Qianhao , HUANG Yihe , XU Kai 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Accurately determining the softness level of pituitary tumors preoperatively by using their image textures can provide a basis for surgical options and prognosis. Existing methods for this problem require manual intervention, which could hinder the efficiency and accuracy considerably. Methods: we present an automatic method for diagnosing the texture of pituitary tumors using unbalanced sequence image data. Firstly, for the small sample problem in our pituitary tumor MRI image dataset where T1 and T2 sequence data are unbalanced (due to data missing) and under-sampled, our method uses a CycleGAN model for domain conversion to obtain fully sampled MRI spatial sequence. Then, it uses a DenseNet-ResNet based Autoencoder framework to optimize the feature extraction process for pituitary tumor image data. Finally, to take advantage of sequence data, it uses a CRNN model to classify pituitary tumors based on their predicted softness levels. Results: Experiments show that our method is the best in terms of efficiency and accuracy(91.78%) compared to other methods. Conclusions: We propose a semi-supervised method for grading pituitary tumor texture. This method can accurately determine the softness level of pituitary tumors, which provides convenience for surgical selection and prognosis, and improves the diagnostic efficiency of pituitary tumors.
Evaluations of knowledge, skills and practices of insulin storage and injection handling techniques of diabetic patients in Ethiopian primary hospitals
Authors: Netere Adeladlew Kassie , Ashete Eyayaw , Gebreyohannes Eyob Alemayehu , Belachew Sewunet Admasu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Insulin is an effective therapeutic agent in the management of diabetes, but it is also sensitive to external environment. Consequently, diabetic patients’ adherence to insulin delivery recommendations is critical to its effectiveness. Patients’ lack of knowledge, skill and irrational practices towards appropriate insulin delivery techniques may end up in therapeutic failure and increase costs of therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate patients’ knowledge, skills and practices of insulin storage and injection techniques. Methods : An interview-based cross-sectional study was conducted though purposive selection of participants in Northwest Ethiopian primary hospitals from March 1 to May 30, 2019. Levels of knowledge were assessed with right or wrong responses, while practice was measured by using a 4-point Likert scale structured questionnaire collected via face-to-face interviews. Likewise, a five-point observational (demonstration) techniques checklist employed to assess patients’ skills. Results: Among 194 patients approached, 166 participants completed the survey giving a response rate of 85.6 %. More than half of the respondents (54.8%) were males and the mean age (±SD) was 38.5±13.8 years. The overall patients’ median knowledge and practice levels on insulin storage and handling techniques were moderately adequate (64.3%) and fair (55.4%), respectively. In patients’ skill assessments, 94.6% correctly showed injection sites, 70% indicated injection site rotations, and 60.75% practiced injection site rotations. Education (P <0.001), duration of insulin therapy (P =0.008), and duration of diabetes (P =0.014) had significant impact on knowledge level. Education (P <0.001), occupation (P<0.001), duration of insulin therapy (P=0.001), duration of diabetes (P=0.036) and patients’ knowledge level (P<0.001) were found to have a significant effects on the patients’ practice levels. A Mann-Whitney U test also disclosed that residency, ways to get insulin and mocked injection technique during the first training had significant effects on patients’ knowledge levels. Conclusion: The current study revealed that patients had moderately adequate knowledge and fair practice levels on insulin storage and handling techniques. However, patients missed important insulin administration skills. This study highlights the need of regular public health education so as to enhance the patients’ knowledge, skill and practice levels on insulin handling techniques.
Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Coastal Water: An Emerging Threat
Authors: Cohen Regev , Paikin Svetlana , Rokney Assaf , Rubin-Blum Maxim , Astrahan Peleg 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The environmental role of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) acquisition and infection in human disease has been described but not thoroughly investigated. We aimed to assess the occurrence of CPE in nearshore aquatic bodies.Methods: Enterobacteriaceae were cultured from coastal and estuary water near Netanya, Israel in June and July of 2018. Bacteria were identified by VITEK2® and their antimicrobial susceptibility was tested according to the CLSI guidelines. Enterobacteriaceae genomes were sequenced to elucidate their resistome and carbapenemase types. Results: Among other clinically relevant bacteria, four CPE (three Enterobacter spp and one Escherichia coli isolate) were isolated from two river estuaries (Poleg and Alexander Rivers) and coastal water at a popular recreational beach (Beit Yanai). Molecular analysis and genome sequencing revealed the persistent presence of rare beta-lactamase resistance genes, including blaIMI-2 and a previously unknown blaIMI-20 allele, which were not found among the local epidemiological strains. Genome comparisons revealed the high identity of riverine and marine CPE that were cultivated one month apart. Conclusions: We show that CPE contamination was widespread in nearshore marine and riverine habitats. The high genome-level similarity of riverine and marine CPEs, isolated one month apart, hints at the common source of infection We discuss the clinical implications of these findings and stress the urgent need to assess the role of the aquatic environment in CPE epidemiology.
Biomechanical Control of Paretic Lower Limb During Imposed Weight Transfer in Individuals Post-Stroke
Authors: Hsiao Hao-Yuan , Gray Vicki L , Borrelli James , Rogers Mark W 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: stroke is a leading cause of disability with associated hemiparesis resulting in difficulty bearing and transferring weight on to the paretic limb. Difficulties in weight bearing and weight transfer may result in impaired mobility and balance, increased fall risk, and decreased community engagement. Despite considerable efforts aimed at improving weight transfer after stroke, impairments in its neuromotor and biomechanical control remain poorly understood. In the present study, a novel experimental paradigm was used to characterize differences in weight transfer biomechanics in individuals with chronic stroke versus able-bodied controls. Methods: fifteen participants with stroke and fifteen age-matched able-bodied controls participated in the study. Participants stood with one foot on each of two custom built platforms. One of the platforms dropped 4.3 cm vertically to induce lateral weight transfer and weight bearing. Paretic lower extremity joint kinematics, vertical ground reaction forces, and center of pressure velocity were measured. All participants completed the clinical Step Test and Four-Square Step Test. Results: reduced paretic ankle, knee, and hip joint angular displacement and velocity, delayed ankle and knee inter-joint timing, and altered center of pressure (COP) and center of mass control were exhibited in the stroke group compared to the control group. In addition, paretic COP velocity stabilization time during induced weight transfer predicted Four-Square Step Test scores in individuals post-stroke. Conclusions: the induced weight transfer approach identified stroke-related abnormalities in the control of weight transfer towards the paretic limb side compared to controls. Decreased joint flexion of the paretic ankle and knee, altered inter-joint timing, and altered COP and center of mass control appear to limit rapid lower limb loading ability. Future work will investigate the potential of improving functional weight transfer through induced weight transfer training exercise.
Beneficial effects of walnut (Juglans regia L.)&nbsp;oil-derived polyunsaturated fatty acid prevents oxidant status and hyperlipidemia in pregnant rats with diabetes
Authors: Sun Bingmei , Yan Hua , Li Chao , Yin Linlin , Li Fei , Zhou Lianxiang , Han Xiuqing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus has a long-term effect on pregnant women. Walnut (Juglans regia L.) oil-derived polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) possesses multifarious pharmacological activities. This study investigated the beneficial effects of walnut oil-derived PUFA on glucose metabolism disorder, pregnancy outcomes, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism disorder in gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods: The GDM rat model was generated by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) on gestational day (GD) 6, GD7 and GD8. The differences between groups were estimated using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s multiple comparison test for post-hoc analysis.Results: The results indicated that PUFA could mitigate GDM in pregnant diabetic rats, as embodied by the decrease of fasting blood glucose and the increase of plasma insulin and hepatic glycogen levels. Also, PUFA could suppress oxidative stress in pregnant diabetic rats, as reflected by the decrease of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, an increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and gutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. PUFA could also mitigate the abnormal changes of lipid profiles in plasma and hepatic tissue. Moreover, the relative mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1 (SREBP-1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), was suppressed by PUFA in pregnant diabetic rats.Conclusions: These results suggested that PUFA supplementation during the pregnancy is beneficial in preventing diabetic complications in pregnant rats.
Protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials examining the effectiveness of early parenting interventions in preventing internalising problems in children and adolescents.&nbsp;
Authors: Costantini Ilaria , Paul Elise , Caldwell Deborah M , López-López José A , Pearson Rebecca M 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Internalising problems, such as depression and anxiety, are common and represent an important economical and societal burden. The effectiveness of parenting interventions in reducing risk of internalising problems in children and adolescents has not yet been summarised. The aims of this review are to assess the effectiveness of parenting interventions in the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of internalising problems in children and adolescents and to determine which intervention components and which intervention aspects are most effective for reducing risk of internalising problems in children and adolescents. Methods: Electronic searches in OVID SP versions of Medline, EMBASE and PsycINFO; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; EBSCO version of ERIC and clinicaltrials.gov have been performed to identify randomised controlled trials or quasi-randomised controlled trials of parenting interventions. At least two independent researchers will assess studies for inclusion and extract data from each paper. The risk of bias assessment will be conducted independently by two reviewers using the Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Statistical heterogeneity is anticipated given potential variation in participant characteristics, intervention type and mode of delivery, and outcome measures. Random effects models, assuming a common between-study variability, will be used to account for statistical heterogeneity. Results will be analysed using a network meta-analysis (NMA). If appropriate, we will also conduct a component-level NMA, where the ‘active ingredients’ of interventions are modelled using a network meta-regression approach.Discussion: Preventing and reducing internalising problems could have major beneficial effects at the economic and societal level. Informing policy makers on the effectiveness of parenting interventions and on which intervention’s component is driving the effect is important for the development of treatment strategies. Systematic review registration: International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number CRD42020172251