bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurological Involvement with COVID-19 Review
Authors: Mochan Andre , Modi Girish 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The available literature on neurological disorders reported in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic documents an array of manifestations affecting the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and muscle. These are based on case reports and small number series mainly from Wuhan, northern Italy and New York. A dearth of knowledge exists in the understanding of whether the neurological manifestations are caused by or merely associations with COVID-19 infection.
CNS involvement is observed more commonly, and includes headache, decreased level of consciousness, seizures, encephalopathy and disturbance of smell and taste. The latter has emerged as a prominent often early symptom and is considered an indicator of the neurotropic properties of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The profound and often times fatal respiratory failure associated with severe COVID-19 possibly has a neurogenic component with involvement of respiratory brainstem nuclei as a result of transneural viral spread from olfactory or bronchopulmonary receptor nerve endings progressing to the medullary respiratory centres. A generalised endotheliitis and prothrombotic inflammatory state leads to cerebrovascular complications with ischaemic strokes (often large vessel), intracerebral haemorrhage and occasionally cerebral venous thrombosis. Acute haemorrhagic necrotising encephalopathy has been described as a neurological manifestation of the cytokine storm. Postinfectious myelitis has been documented. The PNS involvement includes cases of Guillain–Barré syndrome and some of its variants or formes frustes; myositis of varying degree and severity is encountered.
Direct viral neurotropic disorders need to be distinguished from secondary neurological disease resulting from systemic multi-organ illness and from mere coincidental co-occurrence of COVID-19 and a neurological condition. Future clinicopathological studies will need to clarify some of these questions.
Genetic Diversity of Butterfly Pea [Clitoria ternatea] from Indonesia Based on Flower and Yield Component Traits in Two Land Conditions
Authors: Ulimaz Trixie A. , Ustari Debby , Aziza Virda , Suganda Tarkus , Concibido Vergel , Levita Jutti , Karuniawan Agung 
Published: July 2020

<p>Genetic diversity among the butterfly pea genotypes is important information to support breeding program of this underutilized crop. The important characters to be targeted in the breeding program of this crop included yield and yield components of flowers that are strongly affected by the environment and have not been previously reported. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) from Indonesia tested in two land conditions, namely dryland and former paddy fields, based on flower character and yield component traits. The results showed that butterfly pea accessions were divided into two main clusters with dissimilarity coefficient of 0.01–3.99 indicating wide genetic diversity across accessions. The Mantel correlation showed that the genetic distance among accessions studied were not significantly correlated (r = 0.044, P = 0.8709). Based on principal component analysis (PCA), the eigenvalue ranged from 1.69 to 3.34 with a cumulative contribution of 72.64%. The traits that influenced genetic diversity in this study were flower length, weight of one fresh flower, total weight of pods, and weight of 100 seeds. The results of this study should be useful to support future butterfly pea breeding program.</p>
Contact tracing of syphilis-seropositive pregnant women and syphilis-infection among their male partners in Bao'an District, Shenzhen, China
Authors: Yan Rui-lin , Deng Bao-qing , Wen Gui-chun , Huang Li-cheng , Li Li-mei , Huang Zhi-ming 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Untreated male partners are a critical source of maternal re-infection. Contact tracing is a good way to identify infection among partners and reduce risk of mother-to-child transmission related to maternal re-infection. This study aimed to analyze the current situation and related factors of contact tracing of syphilis-seropositive pregnant women and syphilis-infection among their male partners.Method: Data of syphilis-seropositive pregnant women and their male partners attending clinic for syphilis-screening were obtained from the Shenzhen Program for Prevention of Congenital Syphilis. Contact tracing rate of syphilis-seropositive pregnant women and syphilis prevalence among male partners were counted, and related factors were also analyzed using a random-effects logistic regression model.Result: Of the 1299 syphilis-seropositive pregnant women, 74.1% (963/1299) had their male partners receiving syphilis-screening and 19.1% (184/963) of male partners were syphilis-infected. For pregnant women, being divorced (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =0.39; 95%CI: 0.17-0.87), seeking for emergency services at their first antenatal clinics visits (AOR=0.58; 95%CI: 0.44-0.77), reporting willingness to notify partner(AOR=7.65; 95%CI: 4.69-12.49), multi-partners (AOR= 1.38; 95%CI:1.03-1.86) and having a history of drug abuse (AOR=0.37; 95%CI: 0.14-1.00)were independently associated with successful contact tracing. For male partners, of minority ethnicity (AOR=4.15; 95%CI: 1.66-10.34), age of first sex＞20(AOR=0.57; 95%CI: 0.37-0.87), reporting multi-partners (AOR = 1.60; 95%CI: 1.04-2.46), having a history of drug abuse (AOR=4.07; 95%CI: 1.31-12.64) were independently associated with syphilis-infection. In addition, pregnant women with TRUST titer ≥1:8 (AOR=2.81; 95%CI: 1.87-4.21), having a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes (AOR=1.70; 95%CI: 1.14-2.53), reporting multi-partners (AOR=0.43; 95%CI: 0.29-0.64) and reporting the current partner as the source of syphilis (AOR=5.05; 95%CI: 2.82-9.03) were independently associated with partners' syphilis-infection.Conclusion: Contact tracing is feasible and effective in identifying syphilis-infected partners among syphilis-seropositive pregnant women. Contact tracing is associated with many factors such as women's marital status, services at their first antenatal clinics visit and willingness of partner notification. Partners' ethnicity, age of first sex, multi-partners and history of drug abuse as well as women's levels of TRUST titer were associated with partners' syphilis-infection.
Population genetic structure and gene flow of rare and endangered Tetraena mongolica Maxim revealed by reduced representation sequencing
Authors: Jin Cheng , Kao Huixia , Dong Shubin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Studying population genetic structure and gene flow of plant populations and their influencing factors is of particular significance in the field of conservation biology, especially important for species such as rare and endangered plants. Tetraena mongolica Maxim (TM), belongs to Zygophyllaceae family, a rare and endangered plant with narrow distribution. However, for the last decade, due to excessive logging, urban expansion, industrial and tourism development, habitat fragmentation and loss of natural habitats have become major threats to the population of endangered plants. Results: In this study, genetic diversity, population genetic structure and gene flow of TM populations were evaluated by reduced representation sequencing technology, and a total of more than 133.45 GB high-quality clean reads and 38,097 high-quality SNPs were generated. Analysis based on multiple methods, we found that the existing TM populations have moderate levels of genetic diversity , and very low genetic differentiation as well as high levels of gene flow between populations. Population structure and principal coordinates analysis showed that 8 TM populations can be divided into two groups. The Mantel test detected no significant correlation between geographical distances and genetic distance for the whole sampling. Moreover, the migration model indicated that the gene flow is more of an north to south migration pattern in history. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the present genetic structure is mainly due to habitat fragmentation caused by urban sprawl, industrial development and coal mining. Our recommendation with respect to conservation management is that, all 8 populations should be preserved as a whole population, rather than just those in the core area of TM nature reserve, In particular, the populations near the edge of TM distribution in cities and industrial areas deserve our special protection.
Collagen I in the hip capsule plays a role in postoperative clinical function in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Ning Bo , Zhang Sicheng , Sun Jun 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose

The aims of the present study is to evaluate the roles of collagen I and III in the hip capsule in the postoperative clinical function of patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Methods

Hip capsules from 155 hips of 120 patients were collected during surgery. The patients were divided into three groups according to age: I: 2–3.5 years; II: 3.5–5 years; and III: 5–6 years. Patient clinical function and radiographic outcomes were evaluated with the McKay scores and Severin classification. The expression of collagen I and III was detected through immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and analysed according to age, sex, degree of dislocation and McKay classification. All patients received open reduction and pelvic osteotomy and/or femoral shortening osteotomy and achieved good results on the basis of postoperative X-ray imaging.

Results

The average follow-up time was 3.4 years (range 2–4.3 years). There were no changes in the expression of collagen III in the different groups. The expression of collagen I according to age and sex was not significantly different. Lower expression of collagen I was observed in DDH patients with a higher degree of dislocation according to the Tonnis grade. The highest expression of collagen I was detected in the group with poor clinical function according to the McKay classification.

Conclusion

Collagen I is correlated with the degree of dislocation and is a risk factor for poor clinical function in DDH patients. Collagen I is correlated with the degree of hip dislocation and poor clinical function in DDH patients.
Locked in permanent employment – longitudinal associations with depressive and functional somatic symptoms
Authors: Virtanen Pekka , Hammarström Anne , Janlert Urban 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background. Rapidly changing industrial structures evidently increase individuals’ perceptions of not being in the preferred job, and also being ‘locked’ in the current post. The research on longitudinal associations of such locked-in situations with mental health is still scant, and there are controversial findings. The present study explored five hypotheses about mental health as a precedent and an outcome of different locked-in situations among permanently employed individuals. Methods. Survey data on depressive and functional somatic symptoms from age 16 to 43 and on locked-in situations (permanently employed in non-preferred job) at age 30 and age 43 were collected from 479 participants of the Northern Swedish Cohort Study. Based on these two measurements, the locked-in history was classified as ‘never’ (not locked-in at both ages), ‘early’ (locked-in at age 30 only), ‘late’ (locked-in at age 42 only) and ‘long’ (locked-in at both ages). Analysis of variance for repeated measures was used to compare the changes in mental health of the four subcohorts defined by the locked-in history.Results. Earlier evidence on the cross-sectional association between feeling locked-in and having poor mental health was confirmed. Longitudinal analyses revealed that those with poor baseline mental health at age 16 tend to get into a locked-in situation in the early middle age, that getting out of a locked-in situation in is associated with improving and getting into a locked-in situation is associated with worsening mental health, and that the worsening is more pronounced and the improvement less pronounced in white-collar than in blue-collar employees. Conclusions. Given that there are causal associations between locked-in situation and poor mental health, the findings clarify their bidirectional nature, as well as the importance of common methods bias and social class in studying these associations. With respect to labour policy, locked-in perceptions could be reduced by means of labour legislation, collective agreements and human resource management that enable smooth transitions between workplaces and occupations.
A new transpedicular lag-screw fixation for treatment of unstable Hangman’s fracture: a minimum 2-year follow-up study
Authors: Liu Yijie , Zhu Yi , Li Xuefeng , Chen Jie , Yang Sen , Yang Huilin , Jiang Weimin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: A new C2 transpedicular lag-screw designed by our team has been used in human cadaver spines for biomechanical testing, and the results showed that the biomechanical properties of the new C2 transpedicular lag-screw were better than ordinary screws. The objective of this study is to analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of the new C2 transpedicular lag-screw fixation for treatment of an unstable Hangman’s fracture.

Methods: From March 2013 to June 2017, 25 patients who had unstable Hangman’s fractures were operated on with a new C2 transpedicular lag-screw fixation. The patients included 18 males and 7 females whose ages ranged from 31-62 years (average 45.4±9.3 years). The cause of the injury was a traffic accident in 17 patients and a fall from height in 8 patients. Other associated lesions included rupture of the spleen (1 patient) and rib fractures (2 patients). According to the Levine-Edwards classification, 17 patients were Type II and 8 patients were Type IIA, and according to the Frankel Neurological Performance scale, 8 cases and 17 cases were graded as spinal cord injury D and E, respectively. 23 cases received bilateral screw fixation and 2 cases had unilateral screw fixation because another pedicle was chipped. The whole procedure was accomplished with monitoring by“C”-arm fluoroscopy.

Results: The mean follow-up time was (36±12) months and ranged from 24 to 60 months. No obvious symptomatic or radiologic postoperative complications were found during the follow-up period. 6 cases restored from D to E while 2 cases remained D according to American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade. Pre and postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) were statistically different (p<0.001). Osseous union was achieved in all cases, and the range of cervical motion recovered to normal level up to the last follow-up.

Conclusions: The primary clinical and radiographic efficacies of a new C2 transpedicular lag-screw fixation for treatment of an unstable Hangman’s fracture were satisfactory. This approach could be considered a simple, effective, reliable and economic surgical method for managing unstable Hangman’s fractures.
Surgical management of consecutive multisegment thoracic and lumbar tuberculosis: anterior-only approach vs. posterior-only approach.
Authors: Zhao Chen , Luo Lei , Liu Liehua , Li Pei , Liang Lichuan , Gao Yongjian , Luo Fei , Xu Jianzhong , Zhou Qiang 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose: To compare the efficacy, safety, and technical characteristics of anterior-only and posterior-only approach surgeries for the treatment of consecutive multisegment thoracic and lumbar tuberculosis . Methods: Thirty-five patients who developed consecutive multisegment thoracic and lumbar tuberculosis from September 2012 to May 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Group A was the posterior-only surgery group, and group B was the anterior-only surgery group. The data on the surgery, deformity correction, functional scores and complications were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in the operation time or blood loss between groups A and B (P>0.05). The preoperative average Cobb angle of kyphosis in groups A and B were 36.2±15.2° and 27.9±7.7°, respectively, which significantly decreased to 4.9±11.8° and 10.4±5.6° after the operation, respectively (P<0.05). At the final follow-up, the angles were 7.1±10.5° and 14.6±8.0°, respectively. The correction angle and correction rate in group A (31.3±16.6°, 88.6±43.6%) were greater than those in group B (17.5±4.4°, 64.9±14.0%) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the loss angle between groups A and B (P>0.05), but the loss rate in group B (24.0±27.8%) was higher than that in group A (9.6±10.2%) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The posterior-only and anterior-only approaches can lead to satisfactory clinical results in the treatment of patients with consecutive multisegment thoracic and lumbar tuberculosis. With posterior-only surgery, kyphosis can be better corrected, and the correction can be better maintained than with anterior-only surgery.
Features and Associated Factors of Bacterial Skin Infections in Hospitalized Patients with Pemphigus: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Furong , Wu Yejun , Bian Wenjie , Zhu Xuejun , Chen Xixue , Wang Mingyue 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Infections were the primary cause of death (34.3%-55.5%) in patients with pemphigus. Skin was usually the origin of infections. The study aimed to explore features and associated factors of bacterial skin infections (BSIs) in inpatients with pemphigus. Methods: One hundred and eighty-four inpatients with pemphigus visiting the dermatology department of Peking University First hospital during 2013 to 2019 were continuously recruited to study the characteristics and associated factors of BSIs.Results: Of patients enrolled, pemphigus vulgaris (PV, n=142) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF, n=9) were most common, followed by pemphigus erythematosus (PE, n=25) and pemphigus vegetans (Pveg, n=1). Eighty-seven of 177 (49.2%) inpatients developed BSIs, and they had a longer length of stay compared with inpatients without BSIs (median: 18.9 days vs. 14.1 days, p = 0.008). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacteria and highly resistant to penicillin (91.9%). Higher levels of anti-Dsg1 autoantibodies (>124.2U/mL) (p<0.001, odds ratio [OR]=3.564, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.784-7.123) and anti-Dsg3 autoantibodies (>169.5U/mL) (p = 0.03, OR=1.074, 95% CI: 1.084-3.969) were underlying risk factors of BSIs. As for Gram’s stain of bacteria, females had a lower rate of Gram-positive infections (p = 0.03). Patients systematically using of antibiotics (p = 0.05) had a higher rate of Gram-negative infections. Inpatients with history of hospitalization had a higher rate of Gram-negative and co-infections (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Inpatients with pemphigus had a high incidence rate of BSIs. High levels of anti-Dsg1 (>124.2U/mL) and Dsg3 autoantibodies (>169.5U/mL) might be underlying risk factors for BSIs.
Implementation of family psychosocial risk assessment in pediatric cancer with the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT): Study protocol for a cluster randomized comparative effectiveness trial
Authors: Kazak Anne , Deatrick Janet , Scialla Michele , Sandler Eric , Madden Rebecca , Barakat Lamia 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Childhood cancer affects and is affected by multiple levels of the social ecology, including social and relational determinants of health (e.g. economic stability, housing, childcare, healthcare access, child and family problems). The 2015 Standards of Psychosocial Care in Pediatric Cancer outline optimal psychosocial care sensitive to these ecological factors, starting with assessment of psychosocial healthcare needs to promote medical and psychosocial outcomes across all children with cancer. To address the first standard of family psychosocial assessment, the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) is a validated screener ready for broad implementation. Method: The PAT will be implemented across a national sample of 18 pediatric cancer programs ranging in size (annual new patients) in a mixed methods, comparative effectiveness study, guided by the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation, comparing two implementation Strategies. It is hypothesized that implementation will be more successful at the patient/family, provider, and institutional level when Training (Strategy I) is combined with Implementation Expanded Resources (Strategy II). There are three aims: 1) Refine the two implementation strategies using semi-structured qualitative interviews with 19 stakeholders including parent advocates, providers, pediatric oncology organization representatives, healthcare industry leaders; 2) Compare the two theoretically based and empirically informed strategies to implement the PAT in English and Spanish using a cluster randomized controlled trial across 18 sites. Stratified by size, sites will be randomized to cohort (3) and strategy (2). Outcomes include adoption and penetration of screening (patient/family), staff job satisfaction/burnout (provider), and cost effective use of resources consistent with family risk (institution); 3) Based on the results of the trial and feedback from the first and second aim, we will develop and disseminate a web-based PAT Implementation Toolkit. Discussion: Use of the PAT across children’s cancer programs nationally can achieve the assessment Standard and inform equitable delivery of psychosocial care matched to family need for all patients.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04446728, registered 23 June 2020
Quasi-equilibrium phase separation in supercritical fluids
Authors: Lee Seungtaek , Lee Juho , Kim Yeonguk , Jeong Seok , Kim Dong Eon , Yun Gunsu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
This study describes the discovery of a phase separation phenomenon in supercritical fluids (SCFs). An SCF is technically a single-phase fluid with two sub-domains separated by the Widom line. A pseudo phase transition occurs between liquid-like (LL) and gas-like (GL) states, similar to the gas-liquid phase transition across the coexistence line in subcritical fluids. By extending the analogy, we demonstrate that LL-GL phase separation is possible by generating submicron size LL argon droplets in a GL argon SCF. The GL fluid is in a quasi-equilibrium clustered state well above the critical temperature, with a significant increase in cluster formation rate traversing the critical pressure. The prolonged phase separation over an hour is consistent with a model of mass transport mediated by clusters. It provides the insight that clustering is an essential factor in transport and non-equilibrium thermodynamic processes in SCFs.