bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong convergence of infinite color balanced urns under uniform ergodicity
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Antar , Janson Svante , Thacker Debleena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe consider the generalization of the Pólya urn scheme with possibly infinitely many colors, as introduced in [37], [4], [5], and [6]. For countably many colors, we prove almost sure convergence of the urn configuration under theuniform ergodicityassumption on the associated Markov chain. The proof uses a stochastic coupling of the sequence of chosen colors with abranching Markov chainon a weightedrandom recursive treeas described in [6], [31], and [26]. Using this coupling we estimate the covariance between any two selected colors. In particular, we re-prove the limit theorem for the classical urn models with finitely many colors.
Decorrelation of a class of Gibbs particle processes and asymptotic properties of U-statistics
Authors: Beneš Viktor , Hofer-Temmel Christoph , Last Günter , Večeřa Jakub 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe study a stationary Gibbs particle process with deterministically bounded particles on Euclidean space defined in terms of an activity parameter and non-negative interaction potentials of finite range. Using disagreement percolation, we prove exponential decay of the correlation functions, provided a dominating Boolean model is subcritical. We also prove this property for the weighted moments of a U-statistic of the process. Under the assumption of a suitable lower bound on the variance, this implies a central limit theorem for such U-statistics of the Gibbs particle process. A by-product of our approach is a new uniqueness result for Gibbs particle processes.
Olive oil and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Sealy Naria , Hankinson Susan E. , Houghton Serena C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOlive oil consumption has been suggested to be inversely associated with breast cancer risk, probably due to its high MUFA and polyphenol content. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the association between olive oil and breast cancer risk, including assessing the potential for a dose–response association. We performed a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through June 2020, identifying ten observational studies (two prospective studies and eight case–control studies) for meta-analysis. We estimated summary OR and 95 % CI for the highestv.lowest olive oil intake category across studies using random effect models and assessed the dose–response relationship between olive oil and breast cancer risk using restricted cubic splines. The summary OR comparing women with the highest intake to those with the lowest category of olive oil intake was 0·48 (95 % CI 0·09, 2·70) in prospective studies and 0·76 (95 % CI 0·54, 1·06) in case–control studies, with evidence of substantial study heterogeneity (prospectiveI2= 89 %, case–controlI2= 82 %). There was no significant dose–response relationship for olive oil and breast cancer risk; the OR for a 14 g/d increment was 0·93 (95 % CI 0·83, 1·04). There may be a potential inverse association between olive oil intake and breast cancer; however, since the estimates are non-significant and the certainty level is very low, additional prospective studies with better assessment of olive oil intake are needed.
Liberalizing Regional Trade Regimes Through AfCFTA: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Nwankwo Chidebe Matthew , Ajibo Collins Chikodili 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) marked a landmark event in the quest to achieve intra-African free trade. AfCFTA is poised to represent the largest free trade area outside the World Trade Organization. Although AfCFTA aspires to liberalize intra-African trade in goods and services to foster socio-economic development, there are concerns that capacity constraints may stultify the underlying goals. AfCFTA is expected to build on the considerable successes already achieved by Africa's regional economic communities. However, it fails to clarify how the overlapping regimes will be reconciled and harmonized. Nevertheless, the agreement is laudable for its quest to facilitate intra-African trade, foster regional value chains that can facilitate integration into the global economy, and energize industrialization, competitiveness and innovation. This article examines the celebrated AfCFTA to understand its potential amid local realities and the possible implications for the multilateral trading system.
Production of sialic acid rich glycopeptide from bovine κ-casein glycomacropeptide by hydrolyzing with papain
Authors: Nakano Takuo , Betti Mirko 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBovine κ-casein glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a sialic acid containing glycopeptide having many biological activities. The study described in this research communication was undertaken to determine whether sialic acid rich glycopeptide can be produced from GMP by proteinase treatment. A sample of GMP was hydrolyzed with papain, and the obtained hydrolysate was chromatographed on a column of diethylaminoethyl-Sephacel to obtain a glycopeptide fraction (GPF). This product accounted for average 48.1% dry weight of GMP or 81.1% total recovered sialic acid from GMP. The content of sialic acid (expressed as % dry weight) was 1.7 times higher in GPF (22.6) than in unhydrolyzed GMP (13.4). Major differences in amino acid composition between GPF and GMP were found in the contents (mol%) of: lysine (<1 and 4.5, respectively), serine (20.3 and 10.3, approximately twice higher in GPF), asparagine/aspartic acid and isoleucine. The contents of the last two amino acids were approximately twice lower in GPF. On gel filtration chromatography with Sephacryl S-100, GMP was eluted as a single peak with elution volume similar to that of dimeric β-lactoglobulin (36.6 kDa) whereas GPF was eluted in two peaks both with elution volumes greater than that of α-lactalbumin (14.2 kDa). These peak fractions containing high (fraction I) and low (fraction II) molecular size glycopeptides gave different sialic acid to peptide ratio, which was 1.7 times higher in fraction I than in fraction II. Results of size exclusion HPLC on Superdex-75 were consistent with those of gel filtlation chromatography. On cellulose acetate electrophoresis, the mobility of GPF relative to that of GMP as 1.0 was found to average 1.2, suggesting a higher negative charge density in GPF than in GMP. It was concluded that papain digestion of GMP is an efficient method to produce glycopeptide with high sialic acid content.
Parameter Identification of Spatial–Temporal Varying Processes by a Multi-Robot System in Realistic Diffusion Fields
Authors: Wu Wencen , You Jie , Zhang Yufei , Li Mingchen , Su Kun 
Published: September 2020

SUMMARYIn this article, we investigate the problem of parameter identification of spatial–temporal varying processes described by a general nonlinear partial differential equation and validate the feasibility and robustness of the proposed algorithm using a group of coordinated mobile robots equipped with sensors in a realistic diffusion field. Based on the online parameter identification method developed in our previous work using multiple mobile robots, in this article, we first develop a parameterized model that represents the nonlinear spatially distributed field, then develop a parameter identification scheme consisting of a cooperative Kalman filter and recursive least square method. In the experiments, we focus on the diffusion field and consider the realistic scenarios that the diffusion field contains obstacles and hazard zones that the robots should avoid. The identified parameters together with the located source could potentially assist in the reconstruction and monitoring of the field. To validate the proposed methods, we generate a controllable carbon dioxide (CO2) field in our laboratory and build a static CO2 sensor network to measure and calibrate the field. With the reconstructed realistic diffusion field measured by the sensor network, a multi-robot system is developed to perform the parameter identification in the field. The results of simulations and experiments show satisfactory performance and robustness of the proposed algorithms.
An educational legacy: Exploring the links between education and resilience at the ECCC
Authors: McCaffrie Caitlin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAbout half a million Cambodians have attended hearings or outreach activities about the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) since public hearings began in 2009. Countless more have watched the trials unfold on television, and increasingly on social media. To date, the majority of conversations around the legacy of the ECCC have come from international scholars focusing on the legal impact the trials may have. This article instead presents the often-missing views of Cambodian youth about the Tribunal. It also, more broadly, explores the ECCC’s impact on education and young people’s understanding of history. Based on research carried out with university students, this article argues that the contribution of the ECCC to education has often been overlooked and is in fact one of its most significant legacies. In Cambodia, government and non-government organizations, as well as academic institutions, have the unique opportunity to incorporate testimony, footage, and documents from the ECCC into their programmes, greatly adding to the existing repertoire of Khmer-language resources dealing with the past. The result is a more well-rounded programme of transitional justice and reconciliation than the court alone could have provided, and certainly a higher level of external resilience than would have occurred had the court been located outside of Cambodia.
Freedom of the press, inequality and environmental policy
Authors: Martínez-Zarzoso Inma , Phillips Jennifer 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper contributes to the literature on the determinants of environmental standards by studying the role of income inequality and freedom of the press. Given that evidence of the environmental Kuznets curve has only been found for some countries, it is thus crucial to investigate whether other factors besides income per capita levels may be affecting countries' decisions to pass environmentally-friendly legislation. We investigate the effects that inequality and freedom of the press have on environmental stringency for a sample of OECD and BRIICS countries and a global sample of 82 countries using data over the period 1994–2015. We hypothesize that the more unequal a society is, and the greater the oppression of the press is, the less stringent environmental policies are. The results partially confirm our hypothesis. In particular, lack of press freedom is negatively correlated with environmental stringency, whereas inequality shows a non-linear effect only for non-high-income countries.
The association between meal and snack frequency and irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Vakhshoori Mehrbod , Saneei Parvane , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Daghaghzadeh Hamed , Hassanzadeh Keshteli Ammar , Adibi Peyman 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:The relationship between daily meal and snack frequency with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was less investigated in the literature. We aimed to evaluate this association with IBS symptoms.Design:A cross-sectional study.Setting:This investigation was performed in Isfahan, a large province in the centre of Iran. Individuals were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire to quantify the numbers of daily main meals (one, two or three), snacks (never, 1–2, 3–5 or >5) and the total of them (<3, 3–5, 6–7 or ≥8). IBS and its subtypes were diagnosed according to Rome Ш criteria.Participants:General adults (n 4669, 2063 men and 2606 women).Results:The prevalence of IBS was 18·6 % in males and 24·1 % in females. Individuals consuming three main meals had 30 % decreased risk of IBS (OR 0·70, 95 % CI 0·52, 0·94) compared with those with one main meal in the crude model. After adjustments for all potential confounders this relation disappeared (OR 0·67, 95 % CI 0·43, 1·03). Gender-specified analysis revealed that women consuming three main meals per day had 32 % decreased likelihood of having IBS symptoms compared with one daily main meal takers (OR 0·68, 95 % CI 0·47, 0·99). This relation remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders (OR 0·56, 95 % CI 0·36, 0·89). A decreased likelihood of IBS in the highest category of main meal consumption compared with the lowest one was found in obese or overweight subjects (OR 0·54, 95 % CI 0·32, 0·91), after adjustment for all confounders.Conclusions:Our findings suggested that there was no significant relation between main meal or snack frequency and IBS in Iranian adults, but a small inverse association was found among females and overweight/obese individuals in subgroup analysis. Further prospective studies are needed confirming these associations.
Eating behaviour styles in Irish teens: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Daly Aisling N , O’Sullivan Elizabeth J , Walton Janette , McNulty Breige A , Kearney John M 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjectives:To describe the eating behaviour styles of Irish teens and to explore the relationships between demographic factors, BMI and dietary intake and these eating behaviour styles.Design:Cross-sectional data from the Irish National Teens’ Food Survey (2005–2006). The Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire assessed three eating behaviour styles in teens: restrained, emotional and external eating. Data were stratified by sex and age groups.Setting:The Republic of Ireland.Participants:Nationally representative sample of teens aged 13–17 years (n441).Results:The highest scoring eating behaviour style was external eating (2·83 externalv. 1·79 restraint and 1·84 emotional). Girls scored higher than boys on all three scales (Restraint: 2·04v. 1·56,P< 0·001, Emotional: 2·15v. 1·55,P< 0·001 and External: 2·91v. 2·76,P= 0·03), and older teens scored higher than younger teens on the Emotional (1·97v. 1·67,P< 0·001) and External scales (2·91v. 2·72,P= 0·01). Teens classified as overweight/obese scored higher than those classified as normal weight on the Restraint scale (2·15v. 1·71,P< 0·001) and lower on the External scale (2·67v. 2·87,P< 0·03). Daily energy intake was negatively correlated with the Restraint (r−0·343,P< 0·001) and Emotional scales (r−0·137,P= 0·004) and positively correlated with the External scale (r0·110,P= 0·02).Conclusions:External eating is the predominant eating behaviour style among Irish teens, but sex, age, BMI and dietary differences exist for each eating behaviour style. Including measures of eating behaviour styles into future dietary research could help understand bothhowandwhyas well aswhatpeople eat.
The heuristics that guide healthiness perception of ultra-processed foods: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Machín Leandro , Antúnez Lucía , Curutchet María Rosa , Ares Gastón 
Published: September 2020

AbstractObjective:To explore the conceptualisation of healthy food by citizens and how they judge the healthiness of ultra-processed foods.Design:Four focus groups were conducted using a semi-structured discussion guide. Focus group discussions were held about the concept of healthy food, what characterise a healthy product and healthiness perception of ultra-processed products. Transcripts of the focus groups were analysed following an inductive coding approach.Setting:Uruguay, one of the Latin American countries with the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity.Participants:Fifty-two adult Uruguayan participants, diverse in terms of gender, age, educational level and socio-economic status.Results:In agreement with previous studies on lay perceptions of healthy eating, the conceptualisation of healthy food was mainly focused on food characteristics. Although participants regarded lack of processing as a cue for healthiness, they did not categorise all ultra-processed products as unhealthy. Albeit some product categories were automatically regarded as unhealthy, participants considered that other categories could include healthy and unhealthy products. In such cases, they explicitly referred to several simplified cognitive strategies to judge whether an ultra-processed product is healthy or not. Results showed that participants tended to rely on simple cues, such as label design, nutrient claims, brand, price and country of origin as indicators of product healthiness.Conclusions:Healthiness perception of ultra-processed products seems to be largely influenced by heuristics, which stresses the need to implement policies that make the potential negative effects of ultra-processed products salient.
Tissue Micro-channels Formed by Collagen Fibers and their Internal Components: Cellular Evidence of Proposed Meridian Conduits in Vertebrate Skin
Authors: Xuebing Bai , Ruizhi Wu , Yue Zhang , Chunhua Liang , Yonghong Shi , Yingxin Zhang , Baitao Ding , Tarique Imran , Ping Yang , Qiusheng Chen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn order to clarify fine structures of the hypothetical meridian conduits of Chinese traditional medicine (CTM) in the skin, the present study used light and transmission electron microscopy to examine fasciae in different vertebrate species. Collagen fiber bundles and layers were arranged in a crisscross pattern, which developed into a special tissue micro-channel (TMC) network, in a manner that was analogs to the proposed skin meridian conduits. It was further revealed that tissue fluid in lateral TMC branches drained into wide longitudinal channels, which were distinctly different from lymphatic capillary. Mast cells, macrophages, and extracellular vesicles such as ectosomes and exosomes were distributed around telocytes (TCs) and their long processes (Telopodes, Tps) within the TMC. Cell junctions between TCs developed, which could enable the communication between contiguous but distant Tps. On the other hand, winding free Tps without cell junctions were also uncovered inside the TMC. Tissue fluid, cell junctions of TCs, mast cells, macrophages, and extracellular vesicles within the TMC corresponded to the circulating “气血” (“Qi-Xue”, i.e., information, message, and energy) of meridian conduits at the cytological level. These results could provide morphological evidence for the hypothesis that “meridians are the conduit for Qi-Xue circulation” in CTM.
THE MOZARTS’ VIENNESE LODGINGS IN 1762 AND THE HOUSE ZUM ROTHEN SÄBEL
Authors: EDGE DEXTER , LORENZ MICHAEL 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTIt is generally believed that when the Mozart family arrived in Vienna on 6 October 1762, they initially may have spent a night or two in the inn ‘Zum weißen Ochsen’ on Fleischmarkt, then moved for the remainder of their stay to lodgings on Tiefer Graben, either in a house belonging to Johann Heinrich Ditscher (Otto Erich Deutsch, 1961) or one belonging to Gottlieb Friedrich Fischer (Walter Brauneis, 1991). All modern Mozart biographies transmit either Deutsch's claim or Brauneis's, and many continue to state that the Mozarts stayed at ‘Zum weißen Ochsen’. We have been able to show that none of these claims has any merit, and no primary evidence supports them. The notion that the Mozarts stayed at ‘Zum weißen Ochsen’ can be traced back to an article published in 1860, where it is asserted without evidence; the idea was then popularized in a children's story about Wolfgang. The claim that the Mozarts lodged on Tiefer Graben is based on a fanciful interpretation of a mistranscribed street name in Schiedermair's 1914 edition of Leopold Mozart's letter of 19 October 1762.Leopold actually wrote that the family lodged in ‘Fierberggaßl’. We argue that this refers to the still-existing Färbergasse, and that the Mozarts may have stayed in a house on that street (today the site of Färbergasse 3), with a long narrow wing fitting Leopold's description of their cramped quarters. We present other new details about this episode in Wolfgang's early life, including the identity of a customs official to whom he played a minuet on the violin, and the literary source of Leopold's remark that their lodgings were ‘1000 Schritt lang und 1. Schritt breit’. We also discuss the history of the house name ‘Zum rothen Säbel’, which is used incorrectly in the Mozart literature; at the time of the Mozarts’ visit in 1762, it referred to the house on Färbergasse in which – we argue – they actually stayed.
Causes of Variation in Food Preference in the Netherlands
Authors: Vink Jacqueline M. , van Hooijdonk Kirsten J. M. , Willemsen Gonneke , Feskens Edith J. M. , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOur current society is characterized by an increased availability of industrially processed foods with high salt, fat and sugar content. How is it that some people prefer these unhealthy foods while others prefer more healthy foods? It is suggested that both genetic and environmental factors play a role. The aim of this study was to (1) identify food preference clusters in the largest twin-family study into food preference to date and (2) determine the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to individual differences in food preference in the Netherlands. Principal component analysis was performed to identify the preference clusters by using data on food liking/disliking from 16,541 adult multiples and their family members. To estimate the heritability of food preference, the data of 7833 twins were used in structural equation models. We identified seven food preference clusters (Meat, Fish, Fruits, Vegetables, Savory snacks, Sweet snacks and Spices) and one cluster with Drinks. Broad-sense heritability (additive [A] + dominant [D] genetic factors) for these clusters varied between .36 and .60. Dominant genetic effects were found for the clusters Fruit, Fish (males only) and Spices. Quantitative sex differences were found for Meat, Fish and Savory snacks and Drinks. To conclude, our study convincingly showed that genetic factors play a significant role in food preference. A next important step is to identify these genes because genetic vulnerability for food preference is expected to be linked to actual food consumption and different diet-related disorders.