bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating multiple predictive models for beach management at a freshwater beach in the Great Lakes region
Authors: Madani Mohammad , Seth Rajesh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRecreational water quality is currently monitored at Sandpoint Beach on Lake St. Clair using culture‐based enumeration of Escherichia coli. Using water quality and weather data collected over 4 yr, several multiple linear regression (MLR)‐based models were developed for near real‐time prediction of E. coli concentration and were tested using independent data from the fifth year. Model performance was assessed by the determination of metrics such as RMSE, accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Each of the developed MLR models described herein resulted in increased correct responses for both exceedance and non‐exceedance of the applicable standard as compared to predictions based on E. coli measurements (persistence models, using the previous day's E. coli concentration), which is the method currently being used. The AUROC values for persistence models are between 0.5 and 0.6, as compared to >0.7 for all the MLR models described herein. Among the MLR models, model performance improved when qualitative sky weather condition, which is commonly reported but was not previously used in similar models, was included. To select the best model, a principal coordinate analysis was used to combine multiple model performance metrics and provide a more sensitive tool for model comparison. Although models developed using 2, 3, and 4 yr of monitoring data provided reasonable performance, the model developed using the most recent 2‐yr data was marginally better. Thus, data from the most recent 2 yr are likely sufficient as a training dataset for updating the MLR model for Sandpoint Beach in the future.
Prescribed fire effects on sediment and nutrient exports in forested environments: A review
Authors: Klimas Kipling , Hiesl Patrick , Hagan Donald , Park Dara 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis review examines the impact of prescribed fire on the water quality variables (a) sediment load and (b) limiting macronutrients in forested environments globally. We aim to characterize the forested environments subject to prescribed fire, to discuss factors of the fire regime that contribute to water quality concerns, and to offer insight into the effect of precipitation timing and study scale on constituent exports. High fuel consumption during fire increases the risk of erosion and constituent export during precipitation, though high fuel consumption during prescribed fire is uncommon in forested environments. Small‐scale studies examining sediment yield after prescribed fire may fail to capture the effect of landscape‐scale spatial variability, and watershed‐scale studies accounting for such variability are lacking. Although small‐plot studies confirm that prescribed fire can alter hydrologic inputs, the environmental impact of these increases is minimal, particularly when compared with other land‐use systems. Generally, prescribed fire is a beneficial and low‐impact disturbance that likely improves fire‐adapted forest health. However, gaps in knowledge exist at various spatial and temporal scales; this review suggests two avenues of future research, including (a) greater understanding of fire regime interactions that control surface runoff and erosion at the watershed scale, and (b) monitoring forest health and ecological function after prescribed fire rather than direct nutrient exports.
Somatic cell conversion to a germ cell lineage: A violation or a revelation?
Authors: Wessel Gary M. , Morita Shumpei , Oulhen Nathalie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe germline is unique and immortal (or at least its genome is). It is able to perform unique jobs (meiosis) and is selected for genetic changes. Part of being this special also means that entry into the germline club is restricted and cells of the soma are always left out. However, the recent evidence from multiple animals now suggests that somatic cells may join the club and become germline cells in an animal when the original germline is removed. This “violation” may have garnered acceptance by the observation that iPScells, originating experimentally from somatic cells of an adult, can form reproductively successful eggs and sperm, all in vitro. Each of the genes and their functions used to induce pluripotentiality are found normally in the cell and the in vitro conditions to direct germline commitment replicate conditions in vivo. Here, we discuss evidence from three different animals: an ascidian, a segmented worm, and a sea urchin; and that the cells of a somatic cell lineage can convert into the germline in vivo. We discuss the consequences of such transitions and provide thoughts as how this process may have equal precision to the original germline formation of an embryo.
An ecological driver for the macroevolution of morphological polymorphism within colonial invertebrates
Authors: Simpson Carl 
Published: May 2020

AbstractColonial marine invertebrates, such as corals and bryozoans, have modular growth. Individual modules within a colony are homologous to an individual solitary animal body. But in contrast to the predominately sexual origin of solitary animal bodies, modules within a colony are always produced asexually. The repetition of modules and the indeterminism of their organization gives colonies the ability to grow in ways solitary animals cannot. Colonial invertebrates consequently grow in such a way as to resemble weeds, bushes, or trees. The multitude of growth forms of colonial invertebrates arise from differences how individual colonies within a species tend to invest their energy into modular growth, persistence, asexual propagation, and sexual reproduction. Moreover, many colonial invertebrates possess several body types, morphological polymorphism among modules, where modules qualitatively differ in shape, size, and function. In this paper, I propose a mechanism that links the origin of novel body types to the evolution of life‐history strategies among species. When colonies first evolve from solitary ancestors, the life‐history strategy of the colony remains constrained by the life‐history strategies of the individual modules within the colony until a new polymorph type evolves. The addition of novel body types within a colony introduces potential variation in life‐history strategies. Colonies can then change strategies by regulating the frequencies of body types within the colony. This, along with the ability of body types to simplify their structure permits colonies to evolve more complex life‐histories. Each new polymorph type that evolves permits more variation in colonial life‐histories to exist.
MRI‐Based Radiomics Models Developed With Features of the Whole Liver and Right Liver Lobe: Assessment of Hepatic Inflammatory Activity in Chronic Hepatic Disease
Authors: Song Junjie , Yu Xiangling , Song Wenlong , Guo Dajing , Li Chuanming , Liu Huan , Zhang Haiping , Zhou Jun , Liu Yangyang 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundThe noninvasive assessment of hepatic inflammatory activity (HIA) is crucial for making clinical decisions and monitoring therapeutic efficacy in chronic liver disease (CLD).PurposeTo develop MRI‐based radiomics models by extracting features from the whole liver and localized regions of the right liver lobe, compare the efficiency of two radiomics models, and further develop a radiomics nomogram for the assessment of HIA in CLD.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 137 consecutive patients.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T/T2‐weighted imaging.AssessmentAll patients (nonsignificant HIA, n = 98; significant HIA, n = 39) were randomly divided into a training (n = 95) and a test cohort (n = 42). Radiomics features were extracted from the regions covering the whole liver (ROI‐w) and localized regions of the right liver lobe (ROI‐r). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to select features and develop radiomics models. A combined model fusing the valuable radiomics features with clinical‐radiological predictors was developed. Finally, a radiomics nomogram derived from the combined model was developed.Statistical TestsSynthetic minority oversampling technique algorithm, LASSO, receiver operator characteristic curve, and calibration curve analysis were performed.ResultsThe area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of the ROI‐w radiomics model in assessing HIA were 0.858, 0.800, and 0.733, respectively. The ROI‐r model were 0.844, 0.733, and 0.867, respectively. No differences were detected between the two radiomics models (P = 0.8329). The combined model fusing valuable ROI‐w radiomics features, albumin, and periportal edema exhibited a promising performance (AUC, 0.911). The calibration curves showed good agreement between the actual observations and nomogram predictions.Data ConclusionThe MRI‐based radiomics models had a powerful ability to evaluate HIA and the ROI‐w radiomics model was comparable to the ROI‐r model. Moreover, the radiomics nomogram could be a favorable method to individually estimate HIA in CLD. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2020;52:1668–1678.
Predominance of norovirus GI.4 from children with acute gastroenteritis in Jambi, Indonesia, 2019
Authors: Wulandari Putri Sari , Juniastuti  , Wahyuni Rury Mega , Amin Mochamad , Yamani Laura Navika , Matondang Muhammad Qushai Yunifiar , Dinana Zayyin , Soetjipto  , Utsumi Takako , Shoji Ikuo , Lusida Maria Inge 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNorovirus (NoV) is one of the most important viral causes of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children worldwide. Only a few studies have reported AGE with NoV‐positive in some cities in Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and clinical characteristic of NoV infection, and also genotype distribution of NoV in children with AGE in Jambi, as the capital and the largest city of Jambi province, Indonesia. Stool samples were collected from children (≤15 years of age) with AGE at three participating hospitals in Jambi from February to April 2019. The detection of NoV and its genotyping were carried out by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. Of the 91 stool samples collected, 14 (15.4%) were positive for NoV. Fever, vomiting, and severe diarrhea were commonly observed in AGE with NoV, while level of dehydration was statistically significant difference between children with NoV‐positive and those with NoV‐negative. The most prevalent genotype was GI.4 (42.9%), followed by GII.6 (28.6%) and some other genotypes. Interestingly, this study found the predominance of GI.4, differed from previous reports in Indonesia. Continuously investigation of the circulating genotype is needed to control the NoV‐infected AGE.
Simple magnetization of Fe3O4/MIL‐53(Al)‐NH2 for a rapid vortex‐assisted dispersive magnetic solid‐phase extraction of phenol residues in water samples
Authors: Boontongto Tittaya , Burakham Rodjana 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present work describes a simple route to magnetize MIL‐53(Al)‐NH2 sorbent for rapid extraction of phenol residues from environmental samples. To extend the applications and performances of the metal‐organic frameworks in the field of adsorption materials, we combined the properties of metal‐organic frameworks and magnetite to decrease the extraction time and simplify the extraction process as well. In this study, a simple and quick vortex‐assisted dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction method for the extraction of ten United States Environmental Protection Agency's priority phenols from water samples prior to analysis by high‐performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection was proposed. The developed method exhibits a rapid enrichment of the target analytes within 10 s for extraction and 10 s for desorption. Low detection limits of 1.8‐41.7 µg/L and quantitation limits of 6.0‐139.0 µg/L with the relative standard deviations for intra‐ and interday analyses less than 12% were achieved. Satisfactory recoveries in the range of 80‐111% with the relative standard deviations less than 11% demonstrated that Fe3O4/MIL‐53(Al)‐NH2 is promising sorbent in the field of magnetic solid‐phase extraction for environmental samples.
Interactive effects of iron and temperature on the growth of Fragilariopsis cylindrus
Authors: Jabre Loay , Bertrand Erin M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIron and temperature are important drivers controlling phytoplankton growth in the Southern Ocean (SO). Most studies examining phytoplankton responses to these variables consider them independently, testing responses to changing temperature under constant iron and vice versa. Consequently, we lack a phenomenological and mechanistic understanding of how concurrent changes in these variables influence primary productivity. Here, we used a matrix of three temperatures and eight iron levels to examine changes in growth rate, photophysiology, and size in Fragilariopsis cylindrus. Temperature and iron interactively influenced growth; warming decreased iron demand, allowing cells to maintain half‐maximal growth rate at lower iron concentrations. We also observed possible mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon: warming increased light‐harvesting cross section and reduced cell size, thereby increasing light energy availability and iron uptake efficiency. These results suggest that interactive iron‐warming effects could lead to larger increases in SO phytoplankton growth than those currently predicted by marine ecosystem models.
CSF NFL in a Longitudinally Assessed PD Cohort: Age Effects and Cognitive Trajectories
Authors: Lerche Stefanie , Wurster Isabel , Röben Benjamin , Zimmermann Milan , Machetanz Gerrit , Wiethoff Sarah , Dehnert Monique , Rietschel Lea , Riebenbauer Benjamin , Deuschle Christian , Stransky Elke , Lieplt‐Scarfone Inga , Gasser Thomas , Brockmann Kathrin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeurofilament light protein is an unspecific biofluid marker that reflects the extent of neuronal/axonal damage and thereby offers the chance monitor disease severity and progression. The objective of this study was to investigate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of neurofilament light protein in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients with clinical trajectories of motor and cognitive function longitudinally.MethodsCSF neurofilament light protein levels were assessed in 371 PDsporadic, 126 genetic PD patients (91 PDGBA, 8 PDLRRK2, 21 PDPRKN/PINK1/DJ1_heterozygous, 6 PDPRKN/PINK1/DJ1_homozygous), and 71 healthy controls. Participants were followed up longitudinally for up to 8 years.ResultsAt baseline, mean CSF neurofilament light protein levels were highest in PD patients with cognitive impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score ≤ 25; 1207 pg/mL) but also higher in PD patients with normal cognitive function (757 pg/mL) compared with healthy controls (593 pg/mL; P ≤ 0.001). In healthy controls and in PD patients older age was associated with higher CSF levels of neurofilament light protein (P ≤ 0.001). In PD patients, male gender, older age at onset, longer disease duration, higher Hoehn and Yahr stages, higher UPDRS‐III scores, and lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores were associated with higher CSF levels of neurofilament light protein (P < 0.01). In patients who developed cognitive impairment during study, CSF neurofilament light protein levels prior to conversion to cognitive impairment were not significantly different compared with CSF neurofilament light protein levels of patients who remained cognitively normal.ConclusionsIncreased CSF levels of neurofilament light protein are associated with cognitive decline and motor impairment in PD. However, this increase seems not a very early event and does not mark the conversion to cognitive impairment beforehand. Therefore, the predictive value needs to be discussed critically. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Advances in drug development for targeted therapies for glioblastoma
Authors: Yan Ge , Wang Yunfu , Chen Jincao , Zheng Wenzhong , Liu Changzhen , Chen Shi , Wang Lianrong , Luo Jie , Li Zhiqiang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. The prognosis of patients with primary glioblastoma treated with the current standard of care, tumor resection followed by radiation therapy and auxiliary temozolomide, remains poor. Integrative genomic analyses have identified essential core signaling pathways and frequent genetic aberrations, which provide potential drug targets for glioblastoma treatment. Drugs against these therapeutic targets have been developed rapidly in recent years. Although some have shown promising effects on models in preclinical studies, many have shown only modest efficacy in clinical trials. New therapeutic strategies and potent drugs are urgently needed to improve the prognosis of patients with glioblastoma. The goal of this review is to summarize the current advances in drug development for targeted glioblastoma therapies and to reveal the major challenges encountered in clinical trials or treatment. This study will provide new perspectives for future studies of targeted therapeutic drug development and provide insights into the clinical treatment of glioblastoma.
Broadband circularly polarized edge feed rectangular dielectric resonator antenna using effective glueless technique
Authors: Meher Priya Ranjan , Behera Bikash Ranjan , Mishra Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this article, a broadband circularly polarized rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (CP‐RDRA) is explored and reported. The proposed antenna comprises of rectangular dielectric resonator (DR) made up of aluminum oxide placed on a Rogers RT‐5880 substrate and fed by a 50‐Ω microstrip line with a partial ground plane. Microstrip line feed is placed at the right edge of rectangular DR to excite orthogonal fields, which achieves circular polarization (CP). The proposed antenna is fabricated and characterized. The measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth and 3 dB axial bandwidth are obtained as 5.44 GHz (5.79‐11.23 GHz) and 2.93 GHz (6.08‐9.01 GHz), respectively. The peak realized gain and antenna efficiency are obtained to be 4.62 dBi and 94%, respectively, in the desired frequency band. In addition, the proposed CP‐RDRA is also realized using a new technique of glueless concept to achieve mechanical stability that also enhances the axial bandwidth without affecting the radiation characteristics. It is observed from the results that the proposed antenna can be a potential candidate for C‐band and X‐band in satellite communication systems.
Design of planar inverted‐F antenna pair with reflectors for near‐field power transfer
Authors: Lin Ding‐Bing , Wu Ifong , Huang Pei‐Chuan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this article, a planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) pair with reflectors for near‐field power transfer at a frequency of 2.45 GHz is proposed. In order to enhance efficiency of power transmission and reduce electromagnetic wave leaked to free space due to the power transmission, the reflectors are installed around the transmitting and receiving antenna pair except on the open side. The transmitting antenna is designed with high impedance characteristics to prevent the radiated electromagnetic wave to free space when the antenna is waiting for the power transmission. The receiving antenna is designed for Wi‐Fi and also functions as an antenna for energy harvesting at a frequency of 2.4 GHz when the antenna operates solely. Furthermore, the L‐shaped slot is added on the FR‐4 substrate of the receiving antenna as a harmonic rejection filter (HRF) used to suppress reradiation of the higher order harmonics and improve the conversion efficiency. The conversion efficiency of the proposed transmitting and receiving antenna pair is 79.4% when the input RF power is 23 dBm.
MRI‐compatibility study of a PET‐insert based on a low‐profile detection front‐end with submillimeter spatial resolution
Authors: Moghadam Narjes , Bouchard Jonathan , Espagnet Romain , Fontaine Réjean , Lecomte Roger 
Published: May 2020

PurposeThe LabPET II detection module is a potential candidate to create an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatible positron emission tomography (PET)‐insert with submillimeter spatial resolution for small animal applications. However, the feasibility of such an insert is hampered by the large radial size of the LabPET II front‐end electronics and by components containing ferromagnetic materials. In this paper, a new low‐profile front‐end design based on the LabPET II architecture, called “low‐profile detection module,” is investigated.Materials and methodsThe performance of the low‐profile detection module in the presence of MRI‐like RF signals and gradient coil pulses was independently examined. The baseline of the analog signal, its RMS noise level, and the energy resolution, determined by a dual time‐over‐threshold (dTOT) method for each pixel of the new low‐profile detection module, was measured in the presence of RF signals at different frequencies equivalent to the Larmor frequency of 3, 7, and 9.4 T MRI. The same parameters were investigated in the presence of a gradient coil switching at frequencies from 10 to 100 kHz. The performance of the low‐profile detection module inside a 7 T MRI and its effects on an MR image have also been studied using gradient echo sequences. The same measurements were repeated for the shielded low‐profile detection module, inside and outside the MRI.ResultsOur results show that pulses in both the kilohertz and megahertz ranges cause up to 50% increase in the noise level of the baseline (DC analog signal at the output of the shaper filter) and up to 17% degradation in TOT energy resolution. By inserting a conducting composite layer as shielding around the low‐profile detection module, these degrading effects were avoided. The performance measurement of the low‐profile PET detection module inside a 7 T small animal MRI scanner confirmed that the shielded low‐profile detection module behavior was similar inside and outside the MRI bore. In addition, gradient echo images of a water‐filled phantom without and with the shielded and unshielded low‐profile detection modules were acquired. The results demonstrated no evidence of artifacts in the MR image, either due to eddy currents or ferromagnetic materials with the shielded modules.ConclusionA low‐profile detection module based on the LabPET II technology was shown to be a viable candidate as a PET‐insert for simultaneous PET/MRI applications considering its thin radial size and its EMI immunity due to placing it between two electronic boards. In comparison to the standard LabPET II detection module, it provides better performance in the presence of electromagnetic interferences, but a shielding layer is still required. When properly shielded, the proposed low‐profile detection module can be operated inside an MRI without degrading the PET count rate or the MRI performance.