bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Adoption of Directly Measured Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) on Targets of Lipid Control and Its Comparison With Friedewald Formula-Calculated LDL Cholesterol in People With Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jagesh Rejitha , John Mathew , Jalaja Manju Manoharan Nair , Oommen Tittu , Gopinath Deepa 
Published: December 2020

Objectives: The accurate and precise measurement of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is important in the assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk (ASCVD) in people with diabetes mellitus. This study is aimed at comparing directly measured LDL-C with Friedewald formula (FF)-calculated LDL-C (c-LDL-C) in people with type-2 diabetes. Methods: Fasting lipid profiles of 1905 people with type-2 diabetes, whose LDL-C was estimated by direct LDL assay, were chosen for the study. In the same group, LDL-C was calculated with FF. Correlation and agreement between these methods were analyzed at various strata of triglycerides (TGs). The possibility of misclassifying people at various levels of LDL-C targets proposed in literature was calculated. Results: The mean LDL-C levels were lower in the c-LDL-C group across various TG strata. A significant correlation was found between c-LDL-C and direct LDL-C for all the study samples ( r = 0.948, P < .001) and across all TG strata. Analysis of agreement showed a positive bias for direct LDL-C which increased at higher strata of TGs. c-LDL-C underestimated ASCVD by misclassifying people at various LDL-C target levels. Conclusion: There is a difference between direct LDL-C and c-LDL-C values in people with diabetes and this may result in misclassifying ASCVD especially at lower levels of LDL-C and higher levels of TGs.
Polarized mitochondria as guardians of NK cell fitness
Authors: Surace Laura , Doisne Jean-Marc , Escoll Pedro , Marie Solenne , Dardalhon Valerie , Croft Carys , Thaller Anna , Topazio Davide , Sparaneo Angelo , Cama Antonia , Musumeci Olimpia , d’Ecclesia Aurelio , Buchrieser Carmen , Taylor Naomi , Di Santo James P. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDistinct metabolic demands accompany lymphocyte differentiation into short-lived effector and long-lived memory cells. How bioenergetics processes are structured in innate natural killer (NK) cells remains unclear. We demonstrate that circulating human CD56Dim (NKDim) cells have fused mitochondria and enhanced metabolism compared with CD56Br (NKBr) cells. Upon activation, these 2 subsets showed a dichotomous response, with further mitochondrial potentiation in NKBr cells vs paradoxical mitochondrial fission and depolarization in NKDim cells. The latter effect impaired interferon-γ production, but rescue was possible by inhibiting mitochondrial fragmentation, implicating mitochondrial polarization as a central regulator of NK cell function. NKDim cells are heterogeneous, and mitochondrial polarization was associated with enhanced survival and function in mature NKDim cells, including memory-like human cytomegalovirus–dependent CD57+NKG2C+ subsets. In contrast, patients with genetic defects in mitochondrial fusion had a deficiency in adaptive NK cells, which had poor survival in culture. These results support mitochondrial polarization as a central regulator of mature NK cell fitness.
C-Norm: a neural approach to few-shot entity normalization
Authors: Ferré Arnaud , Deléger Louise , Bossy Robert , Zweigenbaum Pierre , Nédellec Claire 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundEntity normalization is an important information extraction task which has gained renewed attention in the last decade, particularly in the biomedical and life science domains. In these domains, and more generally in all specialized domains, this task is still challenging for the latest machine learning-based approaches, which have difficulty handling highly multi-class and few-shot learning problems. To address this issue, we propose C-Norm, a new neural approach which synergistically combines standard and weak supervision, ontological knowledge integration and distributional semantics.ResultsOur approach greatly outperforms all methods evaluated on the Bacteria Biotope datasets of BioNLP Open Shared Tasks 2019, without integrating any manually-designed domain-specific rules.ConclusionsOur results show that relatively shallow neural network methods can perform well in domains that present highly multi-class and few-shot learning problems.
Globins in the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii shed new light on hemoglobin evolution in bilaterians
Authors: Song Solène , Starunov Viktor , Bailly Xavier , Ruta Christine , Kerner Pierre , Cornelissen Annemiek J. M. , Balavoine Guillaume 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
How vascular systems and their respiratory pigments evolved is still debated. While many animals present a vascular system, hemoglobin exists as a blood pigment only in a few groups (vertebrates, annelids, a few arthropod and mollusk species). Hemoglobins are formed of globin sub-units, belonging to multigene families, in various multimeric assemblages. It was so far unclear whether hemoglobin families from different bilaterian groups had a common origin.

Results
To unravel globin evolution in bilaterians, we studied the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii, a species with a slow evolving genome. Platynereis exhibits a closed vascular system filled with extracellular hemoglobin. Platynereis genome and transcriptomes reveal a family of 19 globins, nine of which are predicted to be extracellular. Extracellular globins are produced by specialized cells lining the vessels of the segmental appendages of the worm, serving as gills, and thus likely participate in the assembly of a previously characterized annelid-specific giant hemoglobin. Extracellular globin mRNAs are absent in smaller juveniles, accumulate considerably in growing and more active worms and peak in swarming adults, as the need for O2 culminates. Next, we conducted a metazoan-wide phylogenetic analysis of globins using data from complete genomes. We establish that five globin genes (stem globins) were present in the last common ancestor of bilaterians. Based on these results, we propose a new nomenclature of globins, with five clades. All five ancestral stem-globin clades are retained in some spiralians, while some clades disappeared early in deuterostome and ecdysozoan evolution. All known bilaterian blood globin families are grouped in a single clade (clade I) together with intracellular globins of bilaterians devoid of red blood.

Conclusions
We uncover a complex “pre-blood” evolution of globins, with an early gene radiation in ancestral bilaterians. Circulating hemoglobins in various bilaterian groups evolved convergently, presumably in correlation with animal size and activity. However, all hemoglobins derive from a clade I globin, or cytoglobin, probably involved in intracellular O2 transit and regulation. The annelid Platynereis is remarkable in having a large family of extracellular blood globins, while retaining all clades of ancestral bilaterian globins.
intePareto: an R package for integrative analyses of RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq data
Authors: Cao Yingying , Kitanovski Simo , Hoffmann Daniel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundRNA-Seq, the high-throughput sequencing (HT-Seq) of mRNAs, has become an essential tool for characterizing gene expression differences between different cell types and conditions. Gene expression is regulated by several mechanisms, including epigenetically by post-translational histone modifications which can be assessed by ChIP-Seq (Chromatin Immuno-Precipitation Sequencing). As more and more biological samples are analyzed by the combination of ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq, the integrated analysis of the corresponding data sets becomes, theoretically, a unique option to study gene regulation. However, technically such analyses are still in their infancy.ResultsHere we introduceintePareto, a computational tool for the integrative analysis of RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq data. WithinteParetowe match RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq data at the level of genes, perform differential expression analysis between biological conditions, and prioritize genes with consistent changes in RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq data using Pareto optimization.ConclusioninteParetofacilitates comprehensive understanding of high dimensional transcriptomic and epigenomic data. Its superiority to a naive differential gene expression analysis with RNA-Seq and available integrative approach is demonstrated by analyzing a public dataset.
The International Conference on Intelligent Biology and Medicine (ICIBM) 2020: Scalable techniques and algorithms for computational genomics
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhao Zhongming , Wang Kai , Shen Li , Shi Xinghua 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn this introduction article, we summarize the 2020 International Conference on Intelligent Biology and Medicine (ICIBM 2020) conference which was held on August 9–10, 2020 (virtual conference). We then briefly describe the nine research articles included in this supplement issue. ICIBM 2020 hosted four scientific sections covering current topics in bioinformatics, computational biology, genomics, biomedical informatics, among others. A total of 75 original manuscripts were submitted to ICIBM 2020. All the papers were under rigorous review (at least three reviewers), and highly ranked manuscripts were selected for oral presentation and supplement issues. This genomics supplement issue included nine manuscripts. These articles cover methods and applications for single cell RNA sequencing, multi-omics data integration for gene regulation, gene fusion detection from long-read RNA sequencing, gene co-expression analysis of metabolic pathways in cancer, integrative genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of subcortical imaging phenotype in Alzheimer’s disease, as well as deep learning methods for protein structure prediction, metabolic pathway membership inference, and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) insertion sites prediction.
Uncommon presentation of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis during the COVID-19 lockdown: a case report
Authors: Savi Daniela , Valente Giada , Iacovelli Alessandra , Olmati Federica , Bezzi Mario , Palange Paolo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
During the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), lockdown periods have changed the way that people and communities live, work and interact.

Case presentation
This case report describes an uncommon but important presentation of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in a previously healthy male, who decided to live in the basement of his house when Italy entered a nationwide lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. As high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest on admission showed diffuse miliary nodules, a miliary tuberculosis was initially suspected. However, further investigations provided a diagnosis of unusual presentation of ABPA.

Conclusions
This case highlights the importance of maintaining awareness of Aspergillus-associated respiratory disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially because lifestyle changes associated with home isolation carry an increased risk of exposure to mold spores present in some indoor environments.
Gender differences in perceived food healthiness and food avoidance in a Swedish population-based survey: a cross sectional study
Authors: Bärebring Linnea , Palmqvist Maria , Winkvist Anna , Augustin Hanna 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of this work was to study potential gender differences in perceived food healthiness and food avoidance in a population-representative sample of the Swedish adult population.

Methods
A questionnaire regarding diet and health was posted to 2000 randomly selected residents in Sweden, aged 20–65 years. Questions were posed regarding which foods or food components the participants avoided due to perceived unhealthiness and how healthy they believed the food items to be. The pre-specified food components included sugar, carbohydrate, gluten, lactose, dairy, fat, saturated fat, red meat, white flour, salt, alcohol and food additives (specifically glutamate, sweetening, preservative and coloring agents). Chi square tests were used to study differences in perceived food healthiness and food avoidance depending on gender.

Results
Around 50% reported avoidance of sugar (51.6%) and sweeting agents (45.2%), whereas fewer reported avoidance of saturated fat (16.8%) and salt (10.6%). Women were more likely than men to avoid gluten (AOR [95% CI] 2.84 [1.33–6.05]), red meat (3.29 [1.86–5.80]), white flour (2.64 [1.65–4.21]), preservatives (1.7 [1.07–2.70]) and coloring agents (2.10 [1.29–3.41]) due to perceived unhealthiness. Gender differences were also apparent in perceived healthiness of sugar, gluten, dairy, red meat, white flour, alcohol and food additives, where women tended to be more negative than men in their attitudes. Women more often said to read new findings in media about diet (16% vs 9%, p = 0.029) and prioritize a healthy lifestyle (35% vs 25%, p = 0.015). More than a third of both women and men reported worrying over the healthiness of their diet, and a higher proportion of women than men (18% vs 11%, p = 0.015) agreed with the statement that they were often anxious over having an unhealthy diet.

Conclusions
Women in this population-based study of residents in Sweden were more likely than men to avoid eating gluten, red meat, white flour and food additives due to perceived unhealthiness, and reported more diet and health related anxiety. Future research to identify effective ways of promoting healthy eating for both women and men, while minimizing diet-health related anxiety, is highly warranted.
The Jidong Eye Cohort Study: objectives, design, and baseline characteristics
Authors: Yang Kai , Cui Lele , Zhang Guoyun , Wang Xianwei , Zhu Xiaoxuan , Xiao Yunfan , Su Binbin , Song Daiyu , Zhang Xinyao , Zheng Yang , Lu Fan , Qu Jia , Li Ming 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
To describe the objective, design and baseline characteristics of the Jidong Eye Cohort Study (JECS), a community-based cohort in China based on etiology, imaging and biomarkers. The JECS will clarify the pathogenesis of visual impairment and status of ocular indicators in the occurrence and progression of cardio-cerebrovascular and neurological diseases.

Methods
Between August 2019 and January 2020, the JECS recruited consecutive participants aged 18 years and older from the Jidong communities in China. The demographic and clinical characteristics were collected by trained site personnel via face-to-face interviews. The relevant biological samples were also collected. The participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination, such as retinal photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography. The following outcomes were measured annually: ocular vascular abnormality, optic nerve degeneration, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and neurological diseases. The study will be performed until 2024.

Results
Among 3377 participants, the average age was 45.0 ± 12.5 years and 1809 (53.6%) were women. Hypertension occurred in 825 individuals (25.0%), diabetes in 258 (7.7%), hyperglycemia in 474 (14.2%), and a CVD history in 100 (3.0%). The mean best-corrected visual acuity was 0.1 logMAR in the recruited subjects. The average OCT signal index was 8.2 ± 1.2. Additionally, the mean vessel densities for the entire measured area were 46.4% and 50.8% for the superficial and deep vascular complex, respectively. Mean area and perimeter of foveal avascular zone was 0.3 mm2 and 2.3 mm.

Conclusions
The JECS is a large community-based prospective cohort in North China. Rich data collected from this study will provide the opportunity to identify risk factors, imaging, and biomarkers of visual impairment (either ocular vascular anomalies or optic nerve degeneration) and to evaluate their associations with CVD and neurological diseases.
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy versus musculoskeletal mesotherapy for Achilles tendinopathy in athlete
Authors: EL-Mallah Reem , Elattar Enas A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is considered the commonest tendon pathology, occurring mainly in athletes. Different conservative treatment options have been introduced but with short-term effects; however, extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) and mesotherapy (MT) injections were claimed to provide longer effects and could be used in cases failure of response to conservative treatments.
The objective of our prospective 12-week study was to compare the effect of ESWT and MT on chronic Achilles tendinopathy in athletes by both clinical and ultrasonographical assessment.

Results
Forty patients with chronic AT diagnosed clinically and with high-resolution ultrasound (US) randomly allocated in two groups first received weekly ESWT session, and the other group underwent weekly MT sessions for 4 consecutive weeks. Both groups improved during the treatment and follow-up period. The mean visual analogue score (VAS) decreased in both the ESWT group and the MT group. Mean American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot score and VAS scores were not significantly different between ESWT and MT groups at the 4th and the 12th week of follow-up. However, US assessment significantly improved after 12 weeks in the ESWT group (as regards tendon thickness, calcifications, and Doppler signal), and for the mesotherapy group, there was the only improvement of tendon thickness.

Conclusion
ESWT showed improvement of pain and inflammation and calcifications of AT than MT injections, which was documented by US improved findings at week 12 follow up.
An Archive of Development
Authors: Khorakiwala Ateya 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This article argues that a fantasy of Indian road infrastructure was archived in official documentary films. It analyzes two 1960s road construction projects through three corresponding Films Division of India documentaries, which represented India's northern borders. These show how the playfulness of film, the unruliness of infrastructure, and the precariousness of the border and its imaginary have meant that even propaganda films with set narratives erupted with an aesthetics of pleasure and violence. Replete with such dramatic signifiers, the films offer a psychic archive of the developmental state. The projective capacity of architectural knowledge enables this article to speculate on this archive of fantasy and thus interrogate infrastructure, modernization, and development, not as normative categories, but as aesthetic techniques. These produced for the Indian state a spatial narrative of fraught borders contiguous with metropoles, a condition that created a new tyranny of proximity.
Contingency and Architectural Speculation
Authors: Rizvi Kishwar 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The afterword to the special section “Architecture as a Form of Knowledge” considers the effect of transnational religious and commercial networks in transforming urban histories in Pakistan, with a focus on Karachi. The essay discusses the renovations of the shrine of Abdullah Shah Ghazi by the developer of the adjacent Bahria Icon Tower and the ways in which both structures evince the speculative and contingent nature of contemporary architecture in Karachi as well as the region as a whole.
The journey of Ca2+ through the cell – pulsing through the network of ER membrane contact sites
Authors: Cremer Tom , Neefjes Jacques , Berlin Ilana 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Calcium is the third most abundant metal on earth, and the fundaments of its homeostasis date back to pre-eukaryotic life forms. In higher organisms, Ca2+ serves as a cofactor for a wide array of (enzymatic) interactions in diverse cellular contexts and constitutes the most important signaling entity in excitable cells. To enable responsive behavior, cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations are kept low through sequestration into organellar stores, particularly the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but also mitochondria and lysosomes. Specific triggers are then used to instigate a local release of Ca2+ on demand. Here, communication between organelles comes into play, which is accomplished through intimate yet dynamic contacts, termed membrane contact sites (MCSs). The field of MCS biology in relation to cellular Ca2+ homeostasis has exploded in recent years. Taking advantage of this new wealth of knowledge, in this Review, we invite the reader on a journey of Ca2+ flux through the ER and its associated MCSs. New mechanistic insights and technological advances inform the narrative on Ca2+ acquisition and mobilization at these sites of communication between organelles, and guide the discussion of their consequences for cellular physiology.
Morphological colour adaptation during development in fish: involvement of growth hormone receptor 1
Authors: Delgadin Tomás Horacio , Castañeda-Cortés Diana Carolina , Sacks Clara , Breccia Andrés , Fernandino Juan Ignacio , Vissio Paula Gabriela 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Morphological background adaptation is both an endocrine and a nervous response, involving changes in the amount of chromatophores and pigment concentration. However, whether this adaptation takes place at early developmental stages is largely unknown. Somatolactin (Sl) is a pituitary hormone present in fish, which has been associated to skin pigmentation. Moreover, growth hormone receptor type 1 (Ghr1) has been suggested to be the Sl receptor and was associated with background adaptation in adults. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the ontogeny of morphological adaptation to background and the participation of ghr1 in this process. We found in larval stages of the cichlid Cichlasoma dimerus that the number of head melanophores and pituitary cells immunoreactive to Sl was increased in individuals reared with black backgrounds compared with that in fish grown in white tanks. In larval stages of the medaka Oryzias latipes, a similar response was observed, which was altered by ghr1 biallelic mutations using CRISPR/Cas9. Interestingly, melanophore and leucophore numbers were highly associated. Furthermore, we found that somatic growth was reduced in ghr1 biallelic mutant O. latipes, establishing the dual function of this growth hormone receptor. Taken together, these results show that morphological background adaptation is present at early stages during development and that is dependent upon ghr1 during this period.
Kompetencje zawodowe tłumacza audiowizualnego – między teorią a praktyką
Authors: Szpilman Magdalena , Hasior Aleksandra 
Published: December 2020

Professional Competences of an Audiovisual Translator – between Theory and Practice
The article aims to outline the subject of specialized translation, including audiovisual translation (AV). AV translators have to face a variety of topics, often basing their work on non-linguistic knowledge, combining linguistic, intercultural and technological competences. The article aims at practical verification of the EMT competence framework.