bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stormflows Drive Stream Carbon Concentration, Speciation, and Dissolved Organic Matter Composition in Coastal Temperate Rainforest Watersheds
Authors: Fellman Jason B. , Hood Eran , Behnke Megan I. , Welker Jeffrey M. , Spencer Robert G. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStream water carbon concentrations can be highly dynamic on the time scales of both individual storm events and seasonal hydroclimatic shifts. We collected stream water daily over a 6‐day storm from three headwater subcatchments of varying landcover (poor fen, forested wetland, and upland forest) and the catchment outlet to evaluate how precipitation events impact the concentration and speciation of carbon (organic vs. inorganic) as well as the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) exported laterally from coastal temperate rainforest catchments. Dissolved and particulate organic carbon concentrations increased during the storm at all sites, while dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations were diluted during peak flows. These results highlight the importance of quantifying all forms of lateral carbon export when evaluating the role of storms in catchment‐scale carbon cycling. Isotopic hydrograph separation using stream water δ18O showed that percent new water was significantly related to carbon concentration and form providing a clear link between stream water sources (i.e., recent event water) and soil carbon source areas that become connected to surface water during storms. Furthermore, ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry showed that stream water DOM exported from the upland forest contained the greatest molecular diversity of the three landscape types and had the largest changes in composition over the storm suggesting that the wetland‐dominated subcatchments were less compositionally diverse with regard to soil DOM pools active during the storm. Overall, this study provides insight into hydro‐biogeochemical drivers that control lateral carbon export from forested catchments in a region where an increasing fraction of precipitation is falling as rain.
Standards of care in mesothelioma treatment
Authors: Harden Susan V. , Darlison Liz , Beckett Paul , Bibby Anna C. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe UK has the highest incidence of mesothelioma in the world, but services vary across the country partly due to uneven geographical distribution of cases. The Mesothelioma UK-funded national organisational audit has highlighted challenges in accessing diagnostic procedures such as thoracoscopy, as well as identifying examples of best practice, including access to clinical trials and specialist therapeutic procedures. To ensure equitable and optimal patient care, cancer alliances should have established referral pathways to specialist multidisciplinary team (MDT) services for discussion of all mesothelioma patients.
India’s potential for integrating solar and on- and offshore wind power into its energy system
Authors: Lu Tianguang , Sherman Peter , Chen Xinyu , Chen Shi , Lu Xi , McElroy Michael 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper considers options for a future Indian power economy in which renewables, wind and solar, could meet 80% of anticipated 2040 power demand supplanting the country’s current reliance on coal. Using a cost optimization model, here we show that renewables could provide a source of power cheaper or at least competitive with what could be supplied using fossil-based alternatives. The ancillary advantage would be a significant reduction in India’s future power sector related emissions of CO2. Using a model in which prices for wind turbines and solar PV systems are assumed to continue their current decreasing trend, we conclude that an investment in renewables at a level consistent with meeting 80% of projected 2040 power demand could result in a reduction of 85% in emissions of CO2 relative to what might be expected if the power sector were to continue its current coal dominated trajectory.
Oxygen vacancy-driven orbital multichannel Kondo effect in Dirac nodal line metals IrO2 and RuO2
Authors: Yeh Sheng-Shiuan , Su Ta-Kang , Lien An-Shao , Zamani Farzaneh , Kroha Johann , Liao Chao-Ching , Kirchner Stefan , Lin Juhn-Jong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStrong electron correlations have long been recognized as driving the emergence of novel phases of matter. A well recognized example is high-temperature superconductivity which cannot be understood in terms of the standard weak-coupling theory. The exotic properties that accompany the formation of the two-channel Kondo (2CK) effect, including the emergence of an unconventional metallic state in the low-energy limit, also originate from strong electron interactions. Despite its paradigmatic role for the formation of non-standard metal behavior, the stringent conditions required for its emergence have made the observation of the nonmagnetic, orbital 2CK effect in real quantum materials difficult, if not impossible. We report the observation of orbital one- and two-channel Kondo physics in the symmetry-enforced Dirac nodal line (DNL) metals IrO2 and RuO2 nanowires and show that the symmetries that enforce the existence of DNLs also promote the formation of nonmagnetic Kondo correlations. Rutile oxide nanostructures thus form a versatile quantum matter platform to engineer and explore intrinsic, interacting topological states of matter.
Regulation of cellular sterol homeostasis by the oxygen responsive noncoding RNA lincNORS
Authors: Wu Xue , Niculite Cristina M. , Preda Mihai Bogdan , Rossi Annalisa , Tebaldi Toma , Butoi Elena , White Mattie K. , Tudoran Oana M. , Petrusca Daniela N. , Jannasch Amber S. , Bone William P. , Zong Xingyue , Fang Fang , Burlacu Alexandrina , Paulsen Michelle T. , Hancock Brad A. , Sandusky George E. , Mitra Sumegha , Fishel Melissa L. , Buechlein Aaron , Ivan Cristina , Oikonomopoulos Spyros , Gorospe Myriam , Mosley Amber , Radovich Milan , Davé Utpal P. , Ragoussis Jiannis , Nephew Kenneth P. , Mari Bernard , McIntyre Alan , Konig Heiko , Ljungman Mats , Cousminer Diana L. , Macchi Paolo , Ivan Mircea 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe hereby provide the initial portrait of lincNORS, a spliced lincRNA generated by the MIR193BHG locus, entirely distinct from the previously described miR-193b-365a tandem. While inducible by low O2 in a variety of cells and associated with hypoxia in vivo, our studies show that lincNORS is subject to multiple regulatory inputs, including estrogen signals. Biochemically, this lincRNA fine-tunes cellular sterol/steroid biosynthesis by repressing the expression of multiple pathway components. Mechanistically, the function of lincNORS requires the presence of RALY, an RNA-binding protein recently found to be implicated in cholesterol homeostasis. We also noticed the proximity between this locus and naturally occurring genetic variations highly significant for sterol/steroid-related phenotypes, in particular the age of sexual maturation. An integrative analysis of these variants provided a more formal link between these phenotypes and lincNORS, further strengthening the case for its biological relevance.
Rational programming of history-dependent logic in cellular populations
Authors: Zúñiga Ana , Guiziou Sarah , Mayonove Pauline , Meriem Zachary Ben , Camacho Miguel , Moreau Violaine , Ciandrini Luca , Hersen Pascal , Bonnet Jerome 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGenetic programs operating in a history-dependent fashion are ubiquitous in nature and govern sophisticated processes such as development and differentiation. The ability to systematically and predictably encode such programs would advance the engineering of synthetic organisms and ecosystems with rich signal processing abilities. Here we implement robust, scalable history-dependent programs by distributing the computational labor across a cellular population. Our design is based on standardized recombinase-driven DNA scaffolds expressing different genes according to the order of occurrence of inputs. These multicellular computing systems are highly modular, do not require cell-cell communication channels, and any program can be built by differential composition of strains containing well-characterized logic scaffolds. We developed automated workflows that researchers can use to streamline program design and optimization. We anticipate that the history-dependent programs presented here will support many applications using cellular populations for material engineering, biomanufacturing and healthcare.
GPR101 drives growth hormone hypersecretion and gigantism in mice via constitutive activation of Gs and Gq/11
Authors: Abboud Dayana , Daly Adrian F. , Dupuis Nadine , Bahri Mohamed Ali , Inoue Asuka , Chevigné Andy , Ectors Fabien , Plenevaux Alain , Pirotte Bernard , Beckers Albert , Hanson Julien 
Published: September 2020

AbstractGrowth hormone (GH) is a key modulator of growth and GH over-secretion can lead to gigantism. One form is X-linked acrogigantism (X-LAG), in which infants develop GH-secreting pituitary tumors over-expressing the orphan G-protein coupled receptor, GPR101. The role of GPR101 in GH secretion remains obscure. We studied GPR101 signaling pathways and their effects in HEK293 and rat pituitary GH3 cell lines, human tumors and in transgenic mice with elevated somatotrope Gpr101 expression driven by the rat Ghrhr promoter (GhrhrGpr101). Here, we report that Gpr101 causes elevated GH/prolactin secretion in transgenic GhrhrGpr101 mice but without hyperplasia/tumorigenesis. We show that GPR101 constitutively activates not only Gs, but also Gq/11 and G12/13, which leads to GH secretion but not proliferation. These signatures of GPR101 signaling, notably PKC activation, are also present in human pituitary tumors with high GPR101 expression. These results underline a role for GPR101 in the regulation of somatotrope axis function.
Over 90 endangered fish and invertebrates are caught in industrial fisheries
Authors: Roberson Leslie A. , Watson Reg A. , Klein Carissa J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIndustrial-scale harvest of species at risk of extinction is controversial and usually highly regulated on land and for charismatic marine animals (e.g. whales). In contrast, threatened marine fish species can be legally caught in industrial fisheries. To determine the magnitude and extent of this problem, we analyze global fisheries catch and import data and find reported catch records of 91 globally threatened species. Thirteen of the species are traded internationally and predominantly consumed in European nations. Targeted industrial fishing for 73 of the threatened species accounts for nearly all (99%) of the threatened species catch volume and value. Our results are a conservative estimate of threatened species catch and trade because we only consider species-level data, excluding group records such as ‘sharks and rays.’ Given the development of new fisheries monitoring technologies and the current push for stronger international mechanisms for biodiversity management, industrial fishing of threatened fish and invertebrates should no longer be neglected in conservation and sustainability commitments.
The shared frameshift mutation landscape of microsatellite-unstable cancers suggests immunoediting during tumor evolution
Authors: Ballhausen Alexej , Przybilla Moritz Jakob , Jendrusch Michael , Haupt Saskia , Pfaffendorf Elisabeth , Seidler Florian , Witt Johannes , Hernandez Sanchez Alejandro , Urban Katharina , Draxlbauer Markus , Krausert Sonja , Ahadova Aysel , Kalteis Martin Simon , Pfuderer Pauline L. , Heid Daniel , Stichel Damian , Gebert Johannes , Bonsack Maria , Schott Sarah , Bläker Hendrik , Seppälä Toni , Mecklin Jukka-Pekka , Ten Broeke Sanne , Nielsen Maartje , Heuveline Vincent , Krzykalla Julia , Benner Axel , Riemer Angelika Beate , von Knebel Doeberitz Magnus , Kloor Matthias 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe immune system can recognize and attack cancer cells, especially those with a high load of mutation-induced neoantigens. Such neoantigens are abundant in DNA mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient, microsatellite-unstable (MSI) cancers. MMR deficiency leads to insertion/deletion (indel) mutations at coding microsatellites (cMS) and to neoantigen-inducing translational frameshifts. Here, we develop a tool to quantify frameshift mutations in MSI colorectal and endometrial cancer. Our results show that frameshift mutation frequency is negatively correlated to the predicted immunogenicity of the resulting peptides, suggesting counterselection of cell clones with highly immunogenic frameshift peptides. This correlation is absent in tumors with Beta-2-microglobulin mutations, and HLA-A*02:01 status is related to cMS mutation patterns. Importantly, certain outlier mutations are common in MSI cancers despite being related to frameshift peptides with functionally confirmed immunogenicity, suggesting a possible driver role during MSI tumor evolution. Neoantigens resulting from shared mutations represent promising vaccine candidates for prevention of MSI cancers.
Chiral gold nanoparticles enantioselectively rescue memory deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Hou Ke , Zhao Jing , Wang Hui , Li Bin , Li Kexin , Shi Xinghua , Wan Kaiwei , Ai Jing , Lv Jiawei , Wang Dawei , Huang Qunxing , Wang Huayi , Cao Qin , Liu Shaoqin , Tang Zhiyong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPreventing aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides is a promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and gold nanoparticles have previously been explored as a potential anti-Aβ therapeutics. Here we design and prepare 3.3 nm L- and D-glutathione stabilized gold nanoparticles (denoted as L3.3 and D3.3, respectively). Both chiral nanoparticles are able to inhibit aggregation of Aβ42 and cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following intravenous administration without noticeable toxicity. D3.3 possesses a larger binding affinity to Aβ42 and higher brain biodistribution compared with its enantiomer L3.3, giving rise to stronger inhibition of Aβ42 fibrillation and better rescue of behavioral impairments in AD model mice. This conjugation of a small nanoparticle with chiral recognition moiety provides a potential therapeutic approach for AD.
Cryo-EM structure of the varicella-zoster virus A-capsid
Authors: Sun Junqing , Liu Congcong , Peng Ruchao , Zhang Fu-Kun , Tong Zhou , Liu Sheng , Shi Yi , Zhao Zhennan , Zeng Wen-Bo , Gao George Fu , Shen Hong-Jie , Yang Xiaoming , Luo Minhua , Qi Jianxun , Wang Peiyi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVaricella-zoster virus (VZV), a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, causes severe diseases in humans of all ages. The viral capsids play critical roles in herpesvirus infection, making them potential antiviral targets. Here, we present the 3.7-Å-resolution structure of the VZV A-capsid and define the molecular determinants underpinning the assembly of this complicated viral machinery. Overall, the VZV capsid has a similar architecture to that of other known herpesviruses. The major capsid protein (MCP) assembles into pentons and hexons, forming extensive intra- and inter-capsomer interaction networks that are further secured by the small capsid protein (SCP) and the heterotriplex. The structure reveals a pocket beneath the floor of MCP that could potentially be targeted by antiviral inhibitors. In addition, we identified two alphaherpesvirus-specific structural features in SCP and Tri1 proteins. These observations highlight the divergence of different herpesviruses and provide an important basis for developing antiviral drugs.
Ring-opening functionalizations of unstrained cyclic amines enabled by difluorocarbene transfer
Authors: Kim Youyoung , Heo Joon , Kim Dongwook , Chang Sukbok , Seo Sangwon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChemical synthesis based on the skeletal variation has been prolifically utilized as an attractive approach for modification of molecular properties. Given the ubiquity of unstrained cyclic amines, the ability to directly alter such motifs would grant an efficient platform to access unique chemical space. Here, we report a highly efficient and practical strategy that enables the selective ring-opening functionalization of unstrained cyclic amines. The use of difluorocarbene leads to a wide variety of multifaceted acyclic architectures, which can be further diversified to a range of distinctive homologative cyclic scaffolds. The virtue of this deconstructive strategy is demonstrated by successful modification of several natural products and pharmaceutical analogues.
IRES-targeting small molecule inhibits enterovirus 71 replication via allosteric stabilization of a ternary complex
Authors: Davila-Calderon Jesse , Patwardhan Neeraj N. , Chiu Liang-Yuan , Sugarman Andrew , Cai Zhengguo , Penutmutchu Srinivasa R. , Li Mei-Ling , Brewer Gary , Hargrove Amanda E. , Tolbert Blanton S. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractEnterovirus 71 (EV71) poses serious threats to human health, particularly in Southeast Asia, and no drugs or vaccines are available. Previous work identified the stem loop II structure of the EV71 internal ribosomal entry site as vital to viral translation and a potential target. After screening an RNA-biased library using a peptide-displacement assay, we identify DMA-135 as a dose-dependent inhibitor of viral translation and replication with no significant toxicity in cell-based studies. Structural, biophysical, and biochemical characterization support an allosteric mechanism in which DMA-135 induces a conformational change in the RNA structure that stabilizes a ternary complex with the AUF1 protein, thus repressing translation. This mechanism is supported by pull-down experiments in cell culture. These detailed studies establish enterovirus RNA structures as promising drug targets while revealing an approach and mechanism of action that should be broadly applicable to functional RNA targeting.
Absolute configuration and host-guest binding of chiral porphyrin-cages by a combined chiroptical and theoretical approach
Authors: Ouyang Jiangkun , Swartjes Anne , Geerts Marc , Gilissen Pieter J. , Wang Danni , Teeuwen Paula C. P. , Tinnemans Paul , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Chentouf Sara , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. , Naubron Jean-Valère , Crassous Jeanne , Elemans Johannes A. A. W. , Nolte Roeland J. M. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPorphyrin cage-compounds are used as biomimetic models and substrate-selective catalysts in supramolecular chemistry. In this work we present the resolution of planar-chiral porphyrin cages and the determination of their absolute configuration by vibrational circular dichroism in combination with density functional theory calculations. The chiral porphyrin-cages form complexes with achiral and chiral viologen-guests and upon binding one of the axial enantiomorphs of the guest is bound selectively, as is indicated by induced-electronic-dichroism-spectra in combination with calculations. This host-guest binding also leads to unusual enhanced vibrational circular dichroism, which is the result of a combination of phenomena, such as rigidification of the host and guest structures, charge transfer, and coupling of specific vibration modes of the host and guest. The results offer insights in how the porphyrin cage-compounds may be used to construct a future molecular Turing machine that can write chiral information onto polymer chains.
Next-generation visitation models using social media to estimate recreation on public lands
Authors: Wood Spencer A. , Winder Samantha G. , Lia Emilia H. , White Eric M. , Crowley Christian S. L. , Milnor Adam A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOutdoor and nature-based recreation provides countless social benefits, yet public land managers often lack information on the spatial and temporal extent of recreation activities. Social media is a promising source of data to fill information gaps because the amount of recreational use is positively correlated with social media activity. However, despite the implication that these correlations could be employed to accurately estimate visitation, there are no known transferable models parameterized for use with multiple social media data sources. This study tackles these issues by examining the relative value of multiple sources of social media in models that estimate visitation at unmonitored sites and times across multiple destinations. Using a novel dataset of over 30,000 social media posts and 286,000 observed visits from two regions in the United States, we compare multiple competing statistical models for estimating visitation. We find social media data substantially improve visitor estimates at unmonitored sites, even when a model is parameterized with data from another region. Visitation estimates are further improved when models are parameterized with on-site counts. These findings indicate that while social media do not fully substitute for on-site data, they are a powerful component of recreation research and visitor management.
Deletion of morpholino binding sites (DeMOBS) to assess specificity of morphant phenotypes
Authors: Cunningham Carlee MacPherson , Bellipanni Gianfranco , Habas Raymond , Balciunas Darius 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTwo complimentary approaches are widely used to study gene function in zebrafish: induction of genetic mutations, usually using targeted nucleases such as CRISPR/Cas9, and suppression of gene expression, typically using Morpholino oligomers. Neither method is perfect. Morpholinos (MOs) sometimes produce off-target or toxicity-related effects that can be mistaken for true phenotypes. Conversely, genetic mutants can be subject to compensation, or may fail to yield a null phenotype due to leakiness (e.g. use of cryptic splice sites or downstream AUGs). When discrepancy between mutant and morpholino-induced (morphant) phenotypes is observed, experimental validation of such phenotypes becomes very labor intensive. We have developed a simple genetic method to differentiate between genuine morphant phenotypes and those produced due to off-target effects. We speculated that indels within 5′ untranslated regions would be unlikely to have a significant negative effect on gene expression. Mutations induced within a MO target site would result in a Morpholino-refractive allele thus suppressing true MO phenotypes whilst non-specific phenotypes would remain. We tested this hypothesis on one gene with an exclusively zygotic function, tbx5a, and one gene with strong maternal effect, ctnnb2. We found that indels within the Morpholino binding site are indeed able to suppress both zygotic and maternal morphant phenotypes. We also observed that the ability of such indels to suppress morpholino phenotypes does depend on the size and the location of the deletion. Nonetheless, mutating the morpholino binding sites in both maternal and zygotic genes can ascertain the specificity of morphant phenotypes.
Magma chamber evolution during the 1650 AD Kolumbo eruption provides clues about past and future volcanic activity
Authors: Konstantinou K. I. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractKolumbo submarine volcano lies 7 km NE of Santorini caldera and its last eruption which occurred in 1650 AD, caused damage and casualties to the nearby islands. Here a simple model of a chamber, containing silicic magma underlain by a smaller quantity of mafic magma, is utilised in order to understand the chamber behaviour during the 1650 AD eruption. Results show that in order to reproduce the duration (83–281 days) and the dense rock equivalent volume ($${\sim }\,2\, \hbox {km}^3$$

∼

2

km
3

) of the eruption, initial overpressure in the chamber should be around 10 MPa and the mafic magma should occupy up to 5% of the chamber volume. It is found that the time needed to inject mafic magma equal to 1–15% of the chamber volume varies between 1.4–13.7 ka, if the radius of the chamber is about 1500 m as inferred from tomographic images. These long recurrence times agree well with the small number of eruptions ($$N = 5$$

N
=
5

) within a period of > 70 ka and suggest that an eruption in the near future is unlikely. Volcanic activity at Kolumbo is probably triggered by a combination of exsolved volatiles and a small but steady influx of mafic melt in the chamber.