bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multitrait selection of pumpkin genotypes aimed at reducing the growth habit and improving seed production
Authors: de Oliveira Rebeca Lourenço , Gomes Ronaldo Silva , de Almeida Cleverson Freitas , Machado Júnior Ronaldo , Rocha João Romero A. S. de C. , da Silva Derly José Henriques , Carneiro Pedro Crescêncio Souza 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) has high food importance due to the high nutritional value of its fruit and seeds. Its seed oil is composed of ∼70% unsaturated fatty acids, and its production can be improved by increasing the number of plants per area. Pumpkin plants with reduced growth habits can be grown in shorter spacing and produce smaller fruits, but have a greater quantity of fruits per area. This study aimed to select from F2, BC1:1, and BC1:2 populations pumpkin genotypes with shorter internodes and higher seed productivity for oil production using the factor analysis and ideotype design (FAI‐BLUP) selection index. An augmented block design (ABD) was used with four replications. The traditional model of ABD analysis was compared with the spatial model to verify the presence of errors in the local and global trends in the experimental area. There was a significant difference for all traits evaluated in both the ABD and spatial models. Based on the Akaike information criterion, the model with the best fit for all characteristics was the ABD, which was efficient in guaranteeing the independence of the residues and the absence of errors in local and global trends. In general, the characteristics expressed high values of individual heritability and accuracy. Three common factors explained the seven characteristics studied, presenting a variability of 70.98%. Six of the seven characteristics showed desirable gains of up to 63.85%. The FAI‐BLUP index allowed the selection of superior pumpkin genotypes with a smaller size and higher seed productivity for oil production.
CO2 Reduction to Methanol in the Liquid Phase: A Review
Authors: Xie Shaoqu , Zhang Wanli , Lan Xingying , Lin Hongfei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExcessive carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have been subject to extensive attention globally, since an enhanced greenhouse effect (global warming) owing to a high CO2 concentration in the atmosphere could lead to severe climate change. The use of solar energy and other renewable energy to produce low‐cost hydrogen, which is used to reduce CO2 to produce bulk chemicals such as methanol, is a sustainable strategy for reducing carbon dioxide emissions and carbon resources. CO2 conversion into methanol is exothermic, so that low temperature and high pressure are favorable for methanol formation. CO2 is usually captured and recovered in the liquid phase. Herein, the emerging technologies for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol in the condensed phase are reviewed. The development of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for this important hydrogenation reaction is summarized. Finally, mechanistic insight on CO2’s conversion into methanol over different catalysts is discussed by taking the available reaction pathways into account.
Interaction of hydric and thermal conditions drive geographic variation in thermoregulation in a widespread lizard
Authors: Rozen‐Rechels David , Rutschmann Alexis , DupouÉ AndrÉaz , Blaimont Pauline , Chauveau Victor , Miles Donald B. , Guillon Michael , Richard Murielle , Badiane Arnaud , Meylan Sandrine , Clobert Jean , Le Galliard Jean‐François 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBehavioral thermoregulation is an efficient mechanism to buffer the physiological effects of climate change. Thermal ecology studies have traditionally tested how thermal constraints shape thermoregulatory behaviors without accounting for the potential major effects of landscape structure and water availability. Thus, we lack a general understanding of the multifactorial determinants of thermoregulatory behaviors in natural populations. In this study, we quantified the relative contribution of elevation, thermal gradient, moisture gradient, and landscape structure in explaining geographic variation in thermoregulation strategies of a terrestrial ectotherm species. We measured field‐active body temperature, thermal preferences, and operative environmental temperatures to calculate thermoregulation indices, including thermal quality of the habitat and thermoregulation efficiency for a very large sample of common lizards (Zootoca vivipara) from 21 populations over 3 yr across the Massif Central mountain range in France. We used an information‐theoretic approach to compare eight a priori thermo‐hydroregulation hypotheses predicting how behavioral thermoregulation should respond to environmental conditions. Environmental characteristics exerted little influence on thermal preference with the exception that females from habitats with permanent access to water had lower thermal preferences. Field body temperatures and accuracy of thermoregulation were best predicted by the interaction between air temperature and a moisture index. In mesic environments, field body temperature and thermoregulation accuracy increased with air temperature, but they decreased in drier habitats. Thermoregulation efficiency (difference between thermoregulation inaccuracy and the thermal quality of the habitat) was maximized in cooler and more humid environments and was mostly influenced by the thermal quality of the habitat. Our study highlights complex patterns of variation in thermoregulation strategies, which are mostly explained by the interaction between temperature and water availability, independent of the elevation gradient or thermal heterogeneity. Although changes in landscape structure were expected to be the main driver of extinction rate of temperate zone ectotherms with ongoing global change, we conclude that changes in water availability coupled with rising temperatures might have a drastic impact on the population dynamics of some ectotherm species.
Application of an Effects-Based Monitoring Strategy to Assess the Impact of Contaminants on Fish Health in an Urbanized Watershed
Authors: Mehinto Alvine C. , Schoenfuss Heiko L. , Wenger Ellie , Diehl Dario , Bay Steven M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Effects-based monitoring frameworks that combine the use of analytical chemistry with in vitro cell bioassays, as well as in vivo whole organism tests offer an integrative approach to broadly screen for chemical contaminants and link their presence with adverse effects on aquatic organisms. California (USA) is currently evaluating the use of such a framework to assess the impact of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) on biota in urbanized rivers and other waterbodies. In the present study, the occurrence and effects of contaminants found in the Los Angeles River (Los Angeles County, CA, USA) were examined using analytical chemistry and in vitro and in vivo bioassays. Male fathead minnows were deployed in field-based exposure units and exposed to river water for 21 d. The 2 field sites (above Bull Creek [BLC] and below Glendale Water Reclamation Plant [GWR]) were selected based on their unique characteristics and different contaminant discharge sources. In addition, 2 control units (filtered city water and estrone-spiked water) were added to the experimental design. Chemical analyses revealed differences in abundance of CECs between the 2 field sites and the controls, with GWR having the highest number and concentrations of CECs and metals. Cell bioassays screening for estrogenic, glucocorticoid, progestin, and dioxin-like activities were near or below detection limits in all river water samples, indicating a low potential for endocrine-related toxicity and tissue damage. Cell bioassay results were corroborated by the in vivo analyses. Field-exposed fish exhibited no changes in plasma hormones (e.g., estradiol), vitellogenin, or gonad maturation, but gene biomarkers of chemical exposure (cytochrome p450 1A and metallothionein) were significantly elevated, confirming exposure of the fish to complex chemical mixtures. The results demonstrate the value of a tiered monitoring approach to assess the sublethal effects of chemical mixtures on aquatic life. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:402–412. © 2020 SETAC
Rethinking Availability in Multimodal Composing: Frictions in Digital Design
Authors: Nichols T. Philip , Johnston Kelly 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMultimodal composing using digital media has long emphasized forms of meaning making that extend beyond printed text to include a wider range of available semiotic resources. However, recent research has complicated this notion by highlighting how this availability does not follow inevitably from digital tools but arises from the interplay of their often invisible infrastructures (e.g., hardware, interfaces, algorithms, code). Using data from a technology‐rich humanities classroom, the authors explore three frictions that surfaced as students worked within and against these infrastructures to create a collaborative digital story. The authors show how attending to such frictions can open opportunities for inquiry and instruction related to the hidden infrastructures that condition multimodal composing in digital environments. Critical understandings of these infrastructures can support educators in creating more equitable conditions for multimodal literacy learning.
Comparative DFT study of vibrational, electronic, and optical properties of energetic alkali metal salts based on nitrogen‐rich 5‐aminotetrazole
Authors: Jharapla Prathap Kumar , Mondal Subrata , Vaitheeswaran Ganapathy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article presents a thorough density functional theory based comparative study on nitrogen‐rich 5‐aminotetrazole alkali metal salts M 5‐At (M = Li, K, Rb, Cs). The calculated structural parameters using plane‐wave pseudopotential method are consistent with the experimental results. The computed vibrational frequencies at ambient pressure show that vibrational modes in high energy region are due the NH bond of NH2 group. Pressure variation IR spectra of these materials show clear frequency shifts where Li 5‐At shows an overall red shift below 900 cm−1 contrary to the blue shift seen in other materials in this range. The born effective charge values reveal the presence of strong covalency between N, H, and C atoms whereas an increased ionic nature is seen as the atomic number of metal atoms increases. Furthermore, we used full potential linear augmented plane wave (FP‐LAPW) method for calculating electronic structure and optical properties with TB‐mBJ potential which provides an enhanced band gap for all materials compared to standard GGA functional. Electronic structure calculation reveals that all the compounds are indirect band gap insulators with the exception of Li 5‐At. The computed partial density of states show mixed ionic‐covalent nature in metal‐N/C bonds and covalent nature in NC bonds. In addition, we are also presenting the optical properties such as real and imaginary dielectric constant, absorption, refraction, reflection, loss spectrum as functions of photon energy. From the optical properties we can conclude that all the studied compounds are optically anisotropic in nature and are good absorbers in the ultraviolet (UV) region.
Characterization of antibody responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 in convalescent COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Liu Chuanmiao , Yu Xiaoqi , Gao Chunming , Zhang Li , Zhai Hui , Hu Yanan , Liu Enhui , Wang Qiong , Gao Yu , Wei Dong , Zhang Donghua , Han Yue , Zhang Xinxin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). However, little is known about the durability of the antibody response during COVID‐19 convalescent phase. We investigated the prevalence of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 specific antibodies including immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies and the dynamic changes in antibody levels in convalescent COVID‐19 patients. A total of 159 blood samples were collected from 52 recovered COVID‐19 patients up to six months after symptom onset for longitudinal serological tests. The positive rate of IgG and IgM antibodies was 92.3% and 90.4% in the first month after symptom onset, and the seropositivity of IgG antibody remained high at all follow‐up time points, whereas the seropositivity of IgM antibody decreased to 22.73% by the sixth months after symptom onset. The level of IgG antibody was stable, the level of IgM antibody decreased slightly in the early convalescent phase and was detected in only five patients in the sixth month after symptom onset. The level of IgG antibody was higher in the severe and critical group than in the moderate group. The anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 specific antibodies have a long‐term persistence in convalescent COVID‐19 patients, whether they have long‐term protection need to be further investigated.
An outbreak of adenovirus D8 keratoconjunctivitis in Leicester, United Kingdom, from March to August 2019
Authors: Toovey Oliver T. R. , Kulkarni Priti , David Joicy , Patel Ayushi , Lai Florence Y. , Burns Joyce , Thompson Catherine , Ellis Joanna , Tang Julian W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe report a large epidemic (n = 126) of keratoconjunctivitis predominantly with two lineages of adenovirus (AdV) type D8 in patients seen in eye casualty between march and August 2019. Other AdV species identified by viral sequencing included B, C, and E. Despite various features of more severe eye disease being present, these were not significantly different between the different AdV species, with similar rates of pseudomembrane formation and keratitis observed in patients with AdV species B as for those with AdV species D.
Comparing cytomegalovirus diagnostics by cell culture and quantitative nucleic acid testing in broncho‐alveolar lavage fluids
Authors: Leuzinger Karoline , Stolz Daiana , Gosert Rainer , Naegele Klaudia , Prince Spasenija S. , Tamm Michael , Hirsch Hans H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMany clinical laboratories have replaced virus isolation in cell‐culture (VIC) for cytomegalovirus (CMV) by quantitative‐nucleic‐acid testing (QNAT), rendering clinically relevant CMV‐replication difficult to distinguish from CMV‐shedding or latent infection. We compared direct VIC in 1109 consecutive bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) and a well‐validated CMV‐QNAT (Basel‐CMV‐UL111a‐77bp). In the retrospective Group 1 (N = 694) and Group 2 (N = 303), CMV‐QNAT was performed within 48 h from 2‐fold and 10‐fold concentrated total nucleic acid (TNA) eluates, respectively. In Group 3 (N = 112), 2‐fold and 10‐fold concentrated TNA eluates were prospectively analyzed in parallel to VIC. CMV was detected by VIC in 79 of 694 (11%) and 26 of 303 (9%) of Groups 1 and 2, but in 114 of 694 (16%) and 57 of 303 (17%) by CMV‐QNAT, respectively. Median CMV loads were significantly higher in VIC‐positive than in VIC‐negative BALF. The likelihood for CMV detection by VIC was 85% for BALF CMV‐ loads >4 log10 copies/ml. In the prospective Group 3, CMV was detected by VIC in 10 of 112 (9%), and in 14 of 112 (13%) and 20 of 112 (18%) by CMV‐QNAT, when using 2‐fold and 10‐fold concentrated TNA eluates, respectively. Notably, CMV was undetectable by CMV‐QNAT in 10 VIC‐positive cases of Groups 1 and 2, but in none of Group 3. We conclude that CMV‐QNAT can be adopted to BALF diagnostics but requires several careful steps in validation. CMV‐QNAT loads >10 000 copies/ml in BALF may indicate significant CMV replication as defined by VIC, if short shipment and processing procedures can be guaranteed. Discordance of detecting CMV in time‐matched plasma samples emphasises the role of local pulmonary CMV replication, for which histopathology remains the gold standard of proven CMV pneumonia.
Screening Lactobacillus strains from artisanal Turkish goatskin casing Tulum cheeses produced by nomads via molecular and in vitro probiotic characteristics
Authors: Özkan Edibe Rabia , Demirci Talha , Öztürk Hale İnci , Akın Nihat 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDEleven Lactobacillus (L.) strains were newly isolated from traditional Turkish Tulum cheeses and were characterized regarding their potential probiotic characteristics (bile and acid tolerance, gastric and pancreatic juice tolerance, lysozyme tolerance, adhesion ability), virulence determinants (hemolytic activity, antibiotic resistance, biogenic amine production), and functional properties (antibacterial activity, β‐galactosidase activity, production of exopolysaccharides, cholesterol removal).RESULTSThese isolates were identified as L. brevis, L. plantarum, L. paracasei, L. coryniformis, L. rhamnosus and L. helveticus by 16S rRNA sequencing. With regard to safety aspects, none of the tested Lactobacillus isolates showed hemolytic activity or biogenic amine production. All the Lactobacillus isolates except isolate 24 were found to be sensitive or intermediate sensitive to penicillin, which is a frequently used antibiotic. Nine Lactobacillus isolates showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, while only isolates 15 and 449 exhibited inhibitory activity against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644. All isolated strains survived, even in the presence of 10.00 g L−1 bile after 48 h, and exhibited good survival at pH 3, but only two isolates survived at pH 2. Among the strains, isolate 15 exhibited satisfactory auto‐aggregative, cell‐surface hydrophobicity features, cholesterol‐lowering activity and good acid tolerance. Isolate 15 also showed the strongest bile and simulated pancreatic juice resistance and moderate lysozyme tolerance.CONCLUSIONThese outcomes suggest that isolate 15, identified as a L. plantarum strain from Tulum cheese, may be a promising probiotic candidate and could be suitable for use in several fermented foods. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Optical performance characterization of curved OLED light sources
Authors: Käläntär K. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBending a planar organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) alters the optical structure of the device, resulting in the change of optical characteristics. The bending effect on light emission through the substrate was analyzed, and the issues were extracted. The effect of curvature radius on characteristics of nonplanar OLED light sources was experimentally studied. For this purpose, two OLED samples with barrier layer thicknesses of 100 and 150 nm were fabricated, and their characteristics were measured at curvature radii of R0 = ∞  mm (flat state), R2 = 143 mm (cylindrically curved state), and R5 = 56.7 mm (cylindrically curved state). The variations in optical characteristics such as total luminous flux, the luminous intensity pattern, and the spectrum were verified by measuring the cylindrically shaped OLEDs. The results were evaluated and discussed for OLEDs in cylindrically curved states.
The Interconnections of Mal de Débarquement Syndrome and Vestibular Migraine
Authors: Beh Shin C. , Chiang Hsueh‐Sheng , Sanderson Collin 
Published: November 2020

Objectives/HypothesisMal de débarquement syndrome (MDDS) is characterized by a persistent rocking sensation, as though on a boat. It may occur following exposure to passive motion (motion‐triggered MDDS [MT‐MDDS]), or spontaneously (spontaneous‐onset MDDS [SO‐MDDS]). This study investigated the characteristics of MDDS patients with vestibular migraine (MDDS‐VM) to those without (MDDS‐O).Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsRetrospective, single‐center study of 62 patients with MDDS. Clinical characteristics, Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Migraine Disability Assessment Score (MIDAS), job impact, and optimal treatment(s) were studied.ResultsThere were 23 MDDS‐O (19 women), and 39 MDDS‐VM (35 women) patients. Comparisons between MDDS‐VM and MDDS‐O showed significant differences in age of onset (41 vs. 52 years, P = .005), interictal visually induced dizziness (89.7% vs. 30.4%, P < .001), interictal head motion‐induced dizziness (87.2% vs. 47.8%, P = .001), other vestibular sensations (59% vs. 13%, P < .001), interictal aural symptoms (25.6% vs. 0%, P = .008), number of interictal symptoms (4.3 vs. 2.3, P < .001), total DHI score (54.9 vs. 38.1, P = .005), DHI‐P (physical domain) score (16.1 vs. 10, P = .004), DHI‐F (functional domain) score (20.9 vs. 15.7, P = .016 MIDAS (4.6 vs. 32, P = .002), and job resignations (23.2% vs. 5%, P = .016). On the other hand, between‐group comparisons for MT‐MDDS and SO‐MDDS did not reveal any significant differences whatsoever. For optimal treatment, venlafaxine was the most used (27.3%) in all groups. For MDDS‐VM, antiepileptic drugs and migraine preventive vitamins were also useful in relieving symptoms.ConclusionsMDDS‐VM patients appear to be more disabled than MDDS‐O, in terms of severity of dizziness, job impact, and number of symptoms, but have good potential for improvement, particularly with migraine prophylactic treatment.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:E1653–E1661, 2021
Sarcopenia and Systemic Inflammation Synergistically Impact Survival in Oral Cavity Cancer
Authors: Lee Jie , Liu Shih‐Hua , Dai Kun‐Yao , Huang Yu‐Ming , Li Chi‐Jung , Chen John Chun‐Hao , Leu Yi‐Shing , Liu Chung‐Ji , Chen Yu‐Jen 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesSarcopenia and systemic inflammation can affect survival of advanced‐stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients; however, their reciprocal associations with survival outcomes are yet to be investigated.Study DesignRetrospective review at a tertiary cancer center.MethodsPatients with stage III‐IVB OSCC that underwent surgery and (chemo)radiotherapy at our institution between 2010 and 2015 were reviewed. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was assessed using computed tomography scans at the C3 vertebra. Sarcopenia was defined at the lowest sex‐specific tertile for SMI. Systemic inflammation was estimated using the modified Glasgow prognostic score (mGPS), which ranges from 0 to 2 based on serum C‐reactive protein and albumin levels. The predictors of overall survival (OS) were evaluated using Cox regression models.ResultsA total of 174 patients were included in the study. The cut‐off values for sarcopenia were set at SMI <52.4 cm2/m2 (men) and < 36.2 cm2/m2 (women) corresponding to the lowest sex‐specific tertile. An mGPS 1–2 was independently associated with sarcopenia (odds ratio: 2.05; 95% confidence interval: 1.06–3.97; P = .03). On multivariate analysis for OS, sarcopenia and mGPS 1–2 independently predicted OS (hazard ratio: 2.12; 95% confidence interval: 1.17–3.85; P = .01 and hazard ratio: 7.85; 95% confidence interval: 3.7–16.65; P < .001, respectively). Patients with both sarcopenia and mGPS 1–2 (vs. neither) had worse OS (hazard ratio: 16.80; 95% confidence interval: 6.01–46.99; P < .001).ConclusionsSarcopenia and systemic inflammation may exert a negative synergistic prognostic impact in advanced‐stage OSCC patients.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1530–E1538, 2021