bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the unmet needs of patients with intracranial meningioma—a qualitative assessment
Authors: Baba Ami , McCradden Melissa D , Rabski Jessica , Cusimano Michael D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Meningiomas are the most common primary benign brain neoplasms, but despite their commonality, the supportive needs of this patient population have been overlooked. The aim of this study is to identify unmet needs of meningioma patients, caregivers, and health care providers.

Methods
We adopted a patient-centered approach by using qualitative interviewing with patients diagnosed with a meningioma who have undergone treatment in the last 10 years since the date of their interview. Informal caregivers (family and/or friends) of the patient population and health care providers who are normally involved in the management and care of meningioma patients were also interviewed. Interview transcripts were subjected to thematic analysis.

Results
Of the 50 participants interviewed, there were 30 patients, 12 caregivers, and 8 health care professionals. Thematic analysis revealed 4 overarching themes: (1) access to targeted postoperative care, (2) financial struggles for patients and their families, (3) lack of information specific to meningiomas and postsurgical management, and (4) lack of psychosocial support.

Conclusion
This study identified supportive needs specific to the meningioma patient population, which predominantly falls within the postoperative phase. The postoperative journey of this patient population could potentially extend to the rest of the patient’s life, which necessitates resources and information directed to support postoperative recovery and management. The development of directly relevant supportive resources that support meningioma patients in their postoperative recovery is necessary to improve the health-related quality of life in this patient population.
Room-temperature multiferroicity and diversified magnetoelectric couplings in 2D materials
Authors: Zhong Tingting , Li Xiaoyong , Wu Menghao , Liu Jun-Ming 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Multiferroics are rare in nature due to the mutual exclusive origins of magnetism and ferroelectricity. The simultaneous coexistence of robust magnetism/ferroelectricity and strong magnetoelectric coupling in single multiferroics is hitherto unreported, which may also be attributed to their potential conflictions. In this paper, we show the first-principles evidence of such desired coexistence in ultrathin-layer CuCrS2 and CuCrSe2. The vertical ferroelectricity is neither induced by an empty d shell nor spin-driven, giving rise to an alternative possibility of resolving those intrinsic exclusions and contradictions. Compared with their bulk phases, the ferromagnetism in the thin-layer structures (two–six layers) can be greatly stabilized due to the enhanced carrier density and orbital shifting by vertical polarization, and the Curie temperatures of both ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity can be above room temperature. Moreover, a considerable net magnetization can be reversed upon ferroelectric switching, where the change in spin-resolved band structure also renders efficient ‘magnetic reading + electrical writing’. The thickness-different layers may even exhibit diversified types of magnetoelectric coupling, which both enriches the physics of multiferroics and facilitates their practical applications.
Five-Day Changes in Biomarkers of Exposure Among Adult Smokers After Completely Switching From Combustible Cigarettes to a Nicotine-Salt Pod System
Authors: Jay Joanna , Pfaunmiller Erika L , Huang Norman J , Cohen Gal , Graff Donald W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
This study examined changes in biomarkers of exposure (BoE) after 5 days of nicotine-salt pod system (NSPS) use, compared with continuation of usual-cigarette smoking and cigarette abstinence, among adult combustible cigarette smokers.

Aims and Methods
A randomized, open-label, parallel-cohort, confinement study of healthy adult smokers, naive to NSPS use, was conducted. Participants (N = 90) were randomized to six cohorts (n = 15 each): exclusive ad libitum use of NSPS (four flavors: Virginia Tobacco, Mint, Mango, Creme), continuation of usual-brand cigarette smoking, or cigarette abstinence. Total nicotine equivalents and BoE (NNN, NNAL, 3-HPMA, MHBMA, S-PMA, HMPMA, CEMA, 1-OHP, and COHb) were measured.

Results
Eight non-nicotine BoEs, measured in urine, were reduced by an aggregate of 85.0% in the pooled NSPS cohort; increased by 14.4% in the cigarette cohort (p &lt; .001 for pooled NSPS vs. cigarette); and reduced by 85.3% in the abstinence cohort (p &gt; .05; 99.6% relative reduction between pooled NSPS vs. abstinence). Similar changes in individual BoEs were also observed (p &lt; .001 for each BoE between pooled NSPS vs. cigarettes; and abstinence vs. pooled NSPS; p &gt; .05 for each BoE between pooled NSPS vs. abstinence). Blood COHb decreased by 71.8% in the pooled NSPS cohort and 69.1% in the abstinence cohort (p &gt; .05) and increased by 13.3% in the cigarette cohort (p &lt; .001). Mean total urine nicotine equivalents increased in the pooled NSPS and cigarette cohorts by 9% and 26%, respectively, and did not significantly differ (p &gt; .05).

Conclusion
Complete switching from cigarettes to NSPS produced significant reductions in key non-nicotine BoEs associated with cigarette smoking.

Implications
The results of this study concorded with evidence that complete switching from combustible cigarettes to tobacco and nontobacco-flavored vapor products may reduce exposure to key carcinogens and other toxicants known to be associated with tobacco-related diseases. Future research is needed to assess the long-term health effects of NSPS use. These results should not be interpreted to mean that the use of NSPS is without any risk, particularly for nonusers of tobacco products.
Early Infectious Disease Consultation Is Associated With Lower Mortality in Patients With Severe Sepsis or Septic Shock Who Complete the 3-Hour Sepsis Treatment Bundle
Authors: Madaline Theresa , Wadskier Montagne Francis , Eisenberg Ruth , Mowrey Wenzhu , Kaur Jaskiran , Malik Maria , Gendlina Inessa , Guo Yi , White Deborah , Pirofski Liise-Anne , Sarwar Uzma 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
Severe sepsis and septic shock (SS/SS) treatment bundles reduce mortality, and early infectious diseases (ID) consultation also improves patient outcomes. We retrospectively examined whether early ID consultation further improves outcomes in Emergency Department (ED) patients with SS/SS who complete the sepsis bundle.

Method
We included 248 adult ED patients with SS/SS who completed the 3-hour bundle. Patients with ID consultation within 12 hours of ED triage (n = 111; early ID) were compared with patients who received standard care (n = 137) for in-hospital mortality, 30-day readmission, length of hospital stay (LOS), and antibiotic management. A competing risk survival analysis model compared risks of in-hospital mortality and discharge alive between groups.

Results
In-hospital mortality was lower in the early ID group unadjusted (24.3% vs 38.0%, P = .02) and adjusted for covariates (odds ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.25–0.89; P = .02). There was no significant difference in 30-day readmission (22.6% vs 23.5%, P = .89) or median LOS (10.2 vs 12.1 days, P = .15) among patients who survived. A trend toward shorter time to antibiotic de-escalation in the early ID group (log-rank test P = .07) was observed. Early ID consultation was protective of in-hospital mortality (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio (asHR), 0.60; 95% CI 0.36–1.00, P = .0497) and predictive of discharge alive (asHR 1.58, 95% CI, 1.11–2.23; P-value .01) after adjustment.

Conclusions
Among patients receiving the SS/SS bundle, early ID consultation was associated with a 40% risk reduction for in-hospital mortality. The impact of team-based care and de-escalation on SS/SS outcomes warrants further study.
Basal cell adenoma of the lung identified with obstructive pneumonia
Authors: Shima Hideki , Yoshida Takayuki , Hamada Kunio , Ito Akihide , Ito Toshiki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe seromucinous glands of the bronchi can give rise to tumors resembling those of the salivary glands. Basal cell adenoma (BCA) has not been reported in salivary gland-type tumors of the lung. Here, we report a case of an 86-year-old Asian man who suffered from pneumonia in the left upper lung field that may be associated with an endobronchial tumor occluding B1 + 2a + b. The bronchoscopic biopsy of the tumor revealed that the basaloid cells, which constituted a major component of the tumor and were positive for p40/p63 immunohistochemistry, exhibited a cord-like structure. The Ki-67 (MKI67) staining was less than 1% positive. These findings suggest that the endobronchial tumor was BCA of the lung, which caused obstructive pneumonia in the patient.
Opioid Dose and Benzodiazepine Use Among Commercially Insured Individuals on Chronic Opioid Therapy
Authors: Kay Cynthia , Fergestrom Nicole , Spanbauer Charles , Jackson Jeffrey L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
To examine morphine milligram equivalent (MME) trends, use of concurrent opioids and benzodiazepines, and opioid-related emergency department (ED) visits or hospitalizations in a national cohort of patients on chronic opioid therapy.

Design
Retrospective cohort analysis of prospectively collected data from the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database from 2009 to 2015. This includes individuals in both the Commercial Claims and Medicare Supplemental databases of MarketScan.

Methods
MME comparisons of 1) patients on chronic opioids with and without opioid-related ED visits or hospitalizations, 2) patients on concurrent opioids and benzodiazepines with and without opioid-related ED visits or hospitalizations, and 3) patients on chronic opioids compared with those on concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine using the Student t test.

Results
MME decreased from 194 mg in 2009 to 119 mg in 2015 among patients on chronic opioids. Patients on opioids and benzodiazepines had higher doses than those on opioids alone for all years (P &lt; 0.001). Those with an opioid-related ED visit or hospitalization had a higher average MME than those without, for all years except 2009 (P &lt; 0.05). Patients on chronic opioids or on concurrent benzodiazepine with an MME &gt;50 had a twofold increased risk of having an opioid-related ED visit or hospitalization compared with those with an MME &lt;50, for all years.

Conclusions
Although the average MME decreased over time, patients on combination opioid and benzodiazepine and those with opioid-related ED visits and hospitalizations had significantly higher doses.
Quality of life trajectories during the first three years after diagnosis of breast cancer: the NEON-BC study
Authors: Lopes-Conceição Luisa , Brandão Mariana , Araújo Natália , Severo Milton , Dias Teresa , Peleteiro Bárbara , Fontes Filipa , Pereira Susana , Lunet Nuno 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
We aimed to identify and characterize quality of life trajectories up to 3 years after breast cancer diagnosis.

Methods
A total of 460 patients were evaluated at baseline (before treatments), and after 1- and 3-years. Patient-reported outcomes, including quality of life (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30, QLQ-C30), anxiety, depression and sleep quality, were assessed in all evaluations. Model-based clustering was used to identify quality of life trajectories.

Results
We identified four trajectories without intersection during 3 years. The two trajectories characterized by better quality of life depicted relatively stable scores; in the other trajectories, quality of life worsened until 1 year, though in one of them the score at 3 years improved. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics at baseline did not differ between trajectories, except for mastectomy, which was higher in the worst trajectory. Anxiety, depression and poor sleep quality increased from the best to the worst trajectory.

Conclusions
The type of surgery and the variation of other patient-reported outcomes were associated with the course of quality of life over 3 years. More research to understand the heterogeneity of individual trajectories within these major patterns of variation is needed.
Cancer epidemiology literature from India: Does it reflect the reality?
Authors: Deepa K V , Venghateri Jubina Balan , Khajanchi Monty , Gadgil Anita , Roy Nobhojit 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The alarming escalation of cancers over infectious diseases in the lower and middle-income countries warrants a better understanding of this epidemiological transition. The epidemiology of cancers in India is sparsely addressed in the literature. Hence, in this manuscript, we present the review done, on research manuscripts, addressing cancer incidence, trends and risk factors from India over the last 12 years. Studies addressing screening, treatment and clinical trials were excluded.

Methods
We evaluated the studies for the theme addressed, study design, sample size, the region of origin and whether it was population or hospital-based study.

Results
The studies highlighted a significant shortage of multicenter population-based data in the incidence and risk factors associated with various malignancies in India. Further, we also observed that there was a relative lack of information from the northern and northeastern parts of India. The reviewed articles also indicated the need for a robust design for the studies, large sample size and uniformity in reporting incidence for appropriately drawing conclusions from a study. Reporting of country-specific risk factors with their geographical variations was also sparse.

Conclusion
Overall, the cancer epidemiology literature from India is sparse. More studies with robust designs representing all parts of the country are currently needed.
Predictive factors of severe infections in patients with systemic necrotizing vasculitides: data from 733 patients enrolled in five randomized controlled trials of the French Vasculitis Study Group
Authors: Lafarge Antoine , Joseph Adrien , Pagnoux Christian , Puéchal Xavier , Cohen Pascal , Samson Maxime , Hamidou Mohamed , Karras Alexandre , Quemeneur Thomas , Ribi Camillo , Groh Matthieu , Mouthon Luc , Guillevin Loïc , Terrier Benjamin ,   for the French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG)
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic necrotizing vasculitides (SNV). We aimed to identify factors predicting severe infections (SI) in SNV.

Methods
Data from five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) enrolling 733 patients were pooled. The primary end point was the occurrence of SI, defined by the need of a hospitalization and/or intravenous anti-infectious treatment and/or leading to death.

Results
After a median follow-up of 5.2 (interquartile range 3–9.7) years, 148 (20.2%) patients experienced 189 SI, and 98 (66.2%) presented their first SI within the first 2 years. Median interval from inclusion to SI was 14.9 (4.3–51.7) months. Age ≥65 years (hazard ratio (HR) 1.49 [1.07–2.07]; P=0.019), pulmonary involvement (HR 1.82 [1.26–2.62]; P=0.001) and Five Factor Score ≥1 (HR 1.21 [1.03–1.43]; P=0.019) were independent predictive factors of SI. Regarding induction therapy, the occurrence of SI was associated with the combination of GCs and CYC (HR 1.51 [1.03–2.22]; P = 0.036), while patients receiving only GCs were less likely to present SI (HR 0.69 [0.44–1.07]; P = 0.096). Finally, occurrence of SI had a significant negative impact on survival (P&lt;0.001).

Conclusion
SI in SNV are frequent and impact mortality. Age, pulmonary involvement and Five Factor Score are baseline independent predictors of SI. No therapeutic regimen was significantly associated with SI but patients receiving glucocorticoids and CYC as induction tended to have more SI.
Inheritance, estate and gift tax treaties—Italy
Authors: Saccardo Nicola 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Italy is party to seven inheritance/estate tax treaties, concluded with Denmark, France, Greece, Israel, Sweden, the USA and the UK. The treaty with France also covers gift tax. The article describes the ramifications of such treaties in terms of the elimination of double taxation, by either restricting Italian taxation as the State of situs of the assets or dealing with dual residence cases. The article also highlights both the interpretation issues raised by these (old) treaties and the limits of such treaties in eliminating double taxation.
Efficacy of oral meloxicam as primary pain mitigation following caustic paste disbudding of three day old Holstein calves
Authors: Karlen Kyle J , Baier Faith S , Odegard Sara L , Baumann Ruth M , Coetzee Johann F , Kehoe Sylvia I , Vogel Kurt D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of perioperative administration of oral meloxicam prior to and following the application of caustic paste to disbud neonatal dairy calves. Sixty-one 3–4-d-old Holstein heifer calves were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups of 15–16 calves. The treatment groups were: 1) M1, caustic paste disbudding and oral meloxicam (45 mg) with a placebo 24 h later; 2) M2, treatment M1 followed by a second 45-mg dose of meloxicam 24 h later instead of placebo; 3) CONTROL, treatment M1 with placebo in place of meloxicam; and 4) SHAM, sham disbudding with placebo in place of meloxicam. Infrared thermography was used to quantify eye and horn bud temperatures. Pressure algometry was used to measure Mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) surrounding the horn bud. Average daily gain and body weight (BW) were obtained by weighing each animal throughout the study and calculating the changes over time. Plasma was collected and analyzed for cortisol and substance P concentrations. Substance P and cortisol decreased in all animals over time, regardless of treatment. Mean plasma substance P concentration across all time points was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in the SHAM group than M1 or M2 but not different (P &gt; 0.05) than the CONTROL group. The MNT and ocular temperatures decreased over time across all treatments (P &lt; 0.05). Mean BW increased over time across all treatments (P &lt; 0.05). A significant interaction (P &lt; 0.05) between treatment and sampling time was observed at 12 h following treatment application for both mean horn bud temperature and the ratio between horn bud and ocular temperature. Overall, the results of this study suggest that meloxicam administration at a dose of 45 mg per animal may have limited influence as the primary modulator of pain and inflammatory response in calves that have been disbudded with caustic paste at 3 d of age.
Comparative transcriptome analysis of mule uncovered several heterosis-related genes for improving muscular endurance and cognition
Authors: Gao Shan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHeterosis has been widely exploited in animal and plant breeding to enhance the productive traits of hybrid progeny of two breeds or two species. Although, there were multiple models for explaining the hybrid vigor, such as dominance and over-dominance hypothesis, its underlying molecular genetic mechanisms remain equivocal. The aim of this study is through comparing the different expression genes (DEGs) and different alternative splicing (DAS) genes to explore the mechanism of heterosis. Here, we performed a genome-wide gene expression and alternative splicing analysis of two heterotic crosses between donkey and horse in three tissues. The results showed that the DAS genes influenced the heterosis-related phenotypes in a unique than DEGs and about 10% DEGs are DAS genes. In addition, over 69.7% DEGs and 87.2% DAS genes showed over-dominance or dominance, respectively. Furthermore, the “Muscle Contraction” and “Neuronal System” pathways were significantly enriched both for the DEGs and DAS genes in muscle. TNNC2 and RYR1 genes may contribute to mule’s great endurance while GRIA2 and GRIN1 genes may be related with mule’s cognition. Together, these DEGs and DAS genes provide the candidates for future studies of the genetic and molecular mechanism of heterosis in mule.
Loss of region-specific glial homeostatic signature in prion diseases
Authors: Makarava Natallia , Chang Jennifer Chen-Yu , Molesworth Kara , Baskakov Ilia V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundChronic neuroinflammation is recognized as a major neuropathological hallmark in a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Frontal Temporal Dementia, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and prion diseases. Both microglia and astrocytes exhibit region-specific homeostatic transcriptional identities, which under chronic neurodegeneration, transform into reactive phenotypes in a region- and disease-specific manner. Little is known about region-specific identity of glia in prion diseases. The current study was designed to determine whether the region-specific homeostatic signature of glia changes with the progression of prion diseases, and whether these changes occur in a region-dependent or universal manner. Also of interest was whether different prion strains give rise to different reactive phenotypes.MethodsTo answer these questions, we analyzed gene expression in thalamus, cortex, hypothalamus and hippocampus of mice infected with 22L and ME7 prion strains using Nanostring Neuroinflammation panel at subclinical, early clinical and advanced stages of the disease.ResultsWe found that at the preclinical stage of the disease, region-specific homeostatic identities were preserved. However, with the appearance of clinical signs, region-specific signatures were partially lost and replaced with a neuroinflammation signature. While the same sets of genes were activated by both prion strains, the timing of neuroinflammation and the degree of activation in different brain regions was strain-specific. Changes in astrocyte function scored at the top of activated pathways. Moreover, clustering analysis suggested that the astrocyte function pathway responded to prion infection prior to activated microglia or neuron and neurotransmission pathways.ConclusionsThe current work established neuroinflammation gene expression signature associated with prion diseases. Our results illustrate that with the disease progression, the region-specific homeostatic transcriptome signatures are replaced by region-independent neuroinflammation signature, which was common for prion strains with different cell tropism. The prion-associated neuroinflammation signature identified in the current study overlapped only partially with the microglia degenerative phenotype and the disease-associated microglia phenotype reported for animal models of other neurodegenerative diseases.