bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ploughing/zero‐tillage rotation regulates soil physicochemical properties and improves productivity of erodible soil in a residue return farming system
Authors: Wang Hao , Wang Shulan , Yu Qi , Zhang Yujiao , Wang Rui , Li Jun , Wang Xiaoli 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn residue return farming, ploughing and zero‐tillage (syn. no‐till or minimal tillage) rotation may regulate soil physicochemical properties and help reduce erosion and improve productivity; however, the soil physicochemical properties and soil productivity response to ploughing and zero‐tillage rotation remain unclear. This present study evaluates the effects of ploughing and zero‐tillage rotation on soil physicochemical properties and crop productivity based on an 11‐year experiment (2007–2018) on a typical erodible area of the Loess Plateau. Three tillage methods were included: ploughing and zero‐tillage rotation with 1‐year ploughing tillage and 1‐year zero tillage (PZT), ploughing tillage with moldboard plough (PT), and zero tillage (ZT); crop residue was returned in all treatments. After 11 years' we tested, the PZT method showed significantly lower soil water storage in key maize growth stages, less soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N) storage (0–10 cm), and poorer soil structure stability (0–10 cm) when compared with ZT. However, PZT showed significantly higher SOC and N storage (4.5%, 6.5% and 16.3%, 8.6%, respectively) in the 10–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers, compared with ZT. In addition, when compared with ZT and PT, PZT significantly decreased soil penetration resistance in 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–40 cm soil depths and significantly increased yield of maize by 10.9 and 7.8%, respectively, and of wheat by 11.2 and 9.8%, respectively. This study highlights that combining ploughing and zero tillage with return of crop residue changed soil physicochemical properties and can provide an effective method to improve soil productivity in an erodible field.
Introducing EL‐FIT (Exercise and Liver FITness): A Smartphone App to Prehabilitate and Monitor Liver Transplant Candidates
Authors: Duarte‐Rojo Andrés , Bloomer Pamela M. , Rogers Renee J. , Hassan Mohamed A. , Dunn Michael A. , Tevar Amit D. , Vivis Samantha L. , Bataller Ramon , Hughes Christopher B. , Ferrando Arny A. , Jakicic John M. , Kim W. Ray 
Published: November 2020

Preserved physical function is key for successful liver transplantation (LT); however, prehabilitation strategies are underdeveloped. We created a smartphone application (app), EL‐FIT (Exercise and Liver FITness), to facilitate exercise training in end‐stage liver disease (ESLD). In this feasibility study, we tested EL‐FIT app usage and the accuracy of physical activity data transfer and obtained feedback from initial users. A total of 28 participants used the EL‐FIT app and wore a physical activity tracker for 38 ± 12 days (age, 60 ± 8 years; 57% males; Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease–sodium, 19 ± 5). There was fidelity in data transfer from the tracker to the EL‐FIT app. Participants were sedentary (1957 [interquartile range, 873‐4643] steps/day) at baseline. Level of training assigned by the EL‐FIT app agreed with that from a physical therapist in 89% of cases. Participants interacted with all app features (videos, perceived exertion, and gamification/motivational features). We rearranged training data to generate heart rate–validated steps as a marker of performance and showed that 35% of the participants had significant increases in their physical performance. Participants emphasized their interest in having choices to better engage in exercise, and they appreciated the sense of community the EL‐FIT app generated. We showed that patients with ESLD are able to use and interact with the EL‐FIT app. This novel smartphone app has the potential of becoming an invaluable tool for home‐based prehabilitation in LT candidates.
Application of Machine Learning Tools for the Improvement of Reactive Extrusion Simulation
Authors: Castéran Fanny , Ibanez Ruben , Argerich Clara , Delage Karim , Chinesta Francisco , Cassagnau Philippe 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to combine a classical 1D twin‐screw extrusion model with machine learning techniques to obtain accurate predictions of a complex system despite few data. Systems involving reactive polyethylene oligomer dispersed in situ in a polypropylene matrix by reactive twin‐screw extrusion are studied for this purpose. The twin‐screw extrusion simulation software LUDOVIC is used and machine learning techniques dealing with low data limit are used as a correction of the simulation.
Immunohistochemical Detection of Synuclein Pathology in Skin in Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder and Parkinsonism
Authors: Al‐Qassabi Ahmed , Tsao Tsu‐Shuen , Racolta Adriana , Kremer Thomas , Cañamero Marta , Belousov Anton , Santana Madison A. , Beck Rachel C. , Zhang Hongjun , Meridew Jeffrey , Pugh Judith , Lian Fangru , Robida Mark D. , Ritter Mirko , Czech Christian , Beach Thomas G. , Pestic‐Dragovich Lidija , Taylor Kirsten I. , Zago Wagner , Tang Lei , Dziadek Sebastian , Postuma Ronald B. 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundRecent studies reported abnormal alpha‐synuclein deposition in biopsy‐accessible sites of the peripheral nervous system in Parkinson's disease (PD). This has considerable implications for clinical diagnosis. Moreover, if deposition occurs early, it may enable tissue diagnosis of prodromal PD.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop and test an automated bright‐field immunohistochemical assay of cutaneous pathological alpha‐synuclein deposition in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, PD, and atypical parkinsonism and in control subjects.MethodsFor assay development, postmortem skin biopsies were taken from 28 patients with autopsy‐confirmed Lewy body disease and 23 control subjects. Biopsies were stained for pathological alpha‐synuclein in automated stainers using a novel dual‐immunohistochemical assay for serine 129‐phosphorylated alpha‐synuclein and pan‐neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5. After validation, single 3‐mm punch skin biopsies were taken from the cervical 8 paravertebral area from 79 subjects (28 idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, 20 PD, 10 atypical parkinsonism, and 21 control subjects). Raters blinded to clinical diagnosis assessed the biopsies.ResultsThe immunohistochemistry assay differentiated alpha‐synuclein pathology from nonpathological‐appearing alpha‐synuclein using combined phosphatase and protease treatments. Among autopsy samples, 26 of 28 Lewy body samples and none of the 23 controls were positive. Among living subjects, punch biopsies were positive in 23 (82%) subjects with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, 14 (70%) subjects with PD, 2 (20%) subjects with atypical parkinsonism, and none (0%) of the control subjects. After a 3‐year follow‐up, eight idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder subjects phenoconverted to defined neurodegenerative syndromes, in accordance with baseline biopsy results.ConclusionEven with a single 3‐mm punch biopsy, there is considerable promise for using pathological alpha‐synuclein deposition in skin to diagnose both clinical and prodromal PD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A competing endogenous RNA network reveals key lncRNAs associated with sepsis
Authors: Guo Xuan , Qin Yanjun , Wang Lili , Dong Shimin , Yan Yan , Bian Xiaohua , Zhao Caiyan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study set out to determine key lncRNAs correlated with sepsis via constructing competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network.MethodsThree septic patients and three healthy controls were recruited to obtain lncRNA profiles in this current study. Combined with the mRNA profiles by RNA‐sequencing, an integrated analysis of mRNA expression profiles downloaded from GEO was performed to obtain the differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs). Based on differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and DEmRNAs acquired in this present study and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) acquired in previous study, a ceRNA network was constructed. Furthermore, LINC00963 was validated in THP‐1 cells by performing loss of function assays.ResultsIn this analysis, a total of 290 DEmRNAs and 46 DElncRNAs were detected in sepsis. Parkinson's disease, Oxidative phosphorylation and Cardiac muscle contraction were significantly enriched KEGG pathways in sepsis. XPO1, CUL4A, and NEDD8 were three hub proteins of sepsis‐specific PPI network. A ceRNA network, which contained 16 DElncRNA‐DEmiRNA pairs and 82 DEmiRNA‐DEmRNA pairs, involving 5 lncRNAs, 10 miRNAs, and 60 mRNAs, was obtained. The function experiments indicated that knockdown of LINC00963 could promote cell proliferation, reduce cytokine expression, and suppress inflammasome activation and phagocytosis in LPS‐induced THP‐1 cells.ConclusionThis study determined key lncRNAs involved in sepsis, which may contribute to the development for novel treatment strategy of sepsis.
Improvement of the Structure Generator DAECS with Respect to Structural Diversity
Authors: Inoue Takahiro , Tanaka Kenichi , Kotera Masaaki , Funatsu Kimito 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe development of novel organic compounds with desired properties is time consuming and costly. Thus, the quantitative structure‐property relationship (QSPR) model is used widely for efficiently discovering compounds with the desired properties. Novel structures can be generated from a variety of input structuresin silicoby structure generators. We previously developed the structure generator DAECS to yield highly active drug‐like structures. However, the structural diversity of the structures generated by DAECS was still small for practical applications such as drug discovery. In this paper, we present structure modification rules and the algorithm to output more diverse structures through the DAECS workflow. Two new types of structural modification rules, bond contraction and ring mergence, were added. The new algorithm, which restricts the search area and subsequently clusters structures on a two‐dimensional map generated by generative topographic mapping, was implemented for the repetitive selection of seed structures. A case study was conducted to evaluate our method using ligand structures for the histamine H1 receptor. The results showed improved structural diversity than the previous method.
Visualization and Analysis of the REACH‐chemical Space with Generative Topographic Mapping
Authors: Lunghini Filippo , Gilles Marcou , Azam Philippe , Enrici Marie‐Hélène , Van Miert Erik , Varnek Alexandre 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the framework of REACH (Registration Evaluation Authorization and restriction of Chemicals) regulation, industries have generated and reported a huge amount of (eco)toxicological data on substance produced or imported in Europe. The registration procedure initiated the creation of a large REACH database of well defined (eco)toxicological properties. Here, the data distribution in the REACH chemical space was analyzed with the help of the Generative Topographic Mapping (GTM) approach. GTM generates 2‐dimensional maps on which each compound is represented as a data point. The 3rd dimension can be used in order to display a distribution of the given (eco)toxicological property, which can further be used for property assessment of new compounds projected on the map. We report the “Universal REACH map” which accommodates 11 endpoints, covering environmental fate and (eco)toxicological properties. This map demonstrates acceptable predictive performance: in cross‐validation, balanced accuracy ranges from 0.60 to 0.78. The 11 endpoints profile has been computed for each REACH‐registered substance. Some concerns related to acute aquatic toxicity have been identified, whereas for environmental fate and human health endpoints the amount of compounds predicted as of concern was much smaller. It has been demonstrated that superposition of several class landscapes allows to select the zones in the chemical space populated by compounds with a given (eco)toxicological profile.
Effects of person‐centred care via telephone on self‐efficacy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Subgroup analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ali Lilas , Wallström Sara , Ekman Inger , Swedberg Karl , Fors Andreas 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effects of PCC in the form of structured telephone support on self‐reported cardiac self‐efficacy in patients with COPD.MethodsWe enrolled 105 patients, aged ≥50 years, admitted to hospital and diagnosed with COPD from January 2015 to November 2016. The patients received usual care or PCC via telephone added to usual care. The Swedish Cardiac Self‐Efficacy Scale comprising three dimensions (control symptoms, control illness and maintain functioning) was used as outcome measure. Data was collected at baseline, and at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups.ResultsAt both the 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups, the intervention group improved significantly more than the control group in the control illness dimension (p = .012 and p = .032, respectively). No differences were found in the other two dimensions.ConclusionsPCC in the form of structured telephone support increases patients’ confidence in managing their illness and may be a feasible strategy to support patients in their homes.
Mathematical model for spreading of COVID‐19 virus with the Mittag–Leffler kernel
Authors: Logeswari Kumararaju , Ravichandran Chokkalingam , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn the Nidovirales order of the Coronaviridae family, where the coronavirus (crown‐like spikes on the surface of the virus) causing severe infections like acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The contagion of this virus categorized as severed, which even causes severe damages to human life to harmless such as a common cold. In this manuscript, we discussed the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus into a system of equations to examine the existence and uniqueness results with the Atangana–Baleanu derivative by using a fixed‐point method. Later, we designed a system where we generate numerical results to predict the outcome of virus spreadings all over India.
Investigation of the cure kinetics and thermal stability of an epoxy system containing cystamine as curing agent
Authors: Khalafi Hamid Reza , Ehsani Morteza , Khonakdar Hossein Ali 
Published: November 2020

Abstract2,2′‐Dithiobisethanamine (cystamine), an aliphatic diamine containing exchangeable disulfide bonds, was used as the curing agent for epoxy resin. The dynamic curing kinetics and thermal stability of the epoxy/cystamine system were investigated by DSC and TGA analysis. Applied the Málek method, the Sestak–Berggren autocatalytic equation was selected to describe the cure kinetics of the epoxy/cystamine system. The results showed that the Šesták– Berggren equation is in good agreement with the experimental data. The activation energy of the curing reaction was 56.2 and 53.6 kJ mol −1, respectively, calculated by Kissinger and KAS models. Also, the glass transition temperature for the epoxy/cystamine system was slightly than that of the commonly used epoxy‐diamine systems. Moreover, the thermal degradation of the cured epoxy/cystamine network was observed at temperatures above 283°C. Further, the results obtained from the epoxy/cystamine system were compared with those obtained from the epoxy/diethylenetriamine system. All the above results suggest that cystamine has the potential to be used as the curing agent for epoxy systems.
Performance evaluation of composite gears composed of POM, CNTs, and PTFE
Authors: Goriparthi Bhanu K , Naga Eswar Naveen Pasala , Ravi Sankar Hota 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe main focus of this work is to enhance the load bearing capacity and life of the polyoxymethylene (POM) gears. For this purpose, composites with varying weight fractions of silane treated carbon nanotubes (CNTs), lubricating additive polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and synergistic combination of both CNTs and PTFE were fabricated by melt compounding using twin screw extruder followed by injection molding. Tensile properties and wear behavior of the developed composites are evaluated. Further, test spur gears were fabricated with the developed composites and their performance is evaluated using power absorption type gear test rig at different torques and rotational speeds. Composite gears with 1 wt% silanized CNTs and composite gears with 10 wt% PTFE and 1 wt% silanized CNTs exhibited better performance at all the applied toques and rotational speeds.
Pharmacokinetics of solifenacin in pediatric populations with overactive bladder or neurogenic detrusor overactivity
Authors: Tannenbaum Stacey , den Adel Martin , Krauwinkel Walter , Meijer John , Hollestein‐Havelaar Adriana , Verheggen Frank , Newgreen Donald 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim of this investigation was to characterize and compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the antimuscarinic drug solifenacin in pediatric patients with overactive bladder (OAB) or neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) utilizing data from three phase III trials. LION was a placebo‐controlled, 12‐week trial in children (5–<12 years) and adolescents (12–<18 years) with OAB. MONKEY and MARMOSET were open‐label, 52‐week trials in children and adolescents or younger children (6 months–<5 years), respectively, with NDO. During the trials, solifenacin doses could be titrated to weight‐adjusted pediatric equivalent doses (PEDs) of 2.5, 5, 7.5, or 10 mg day–1. Nonlinear mixed effects modeling was used to develop population PK models to characterize the PK in patients with either OAB or NDO. Overall, 194 children and adolescents received solifenacin. At the time of PK sampling, the majority (119/164 [72.6%] patients) were receiving PED10 once daily. All population models included first‐order oral absorption, a lag time, and interindividual variability. PK analysis showed that apparent clearance was similar in both patient populations. Mean apparent oral plasma clearance (CL/F), apparent volume of distribution during the terminal phase (Vz/F), and terminal half‐life (t1/2) were higher in adolescents than in children, but median time to maximum plasma concentration (tmax) was similar. Dose‐normalized exposure results were similar for both younger and older patients with OAB or NDO. In conclusion, population PK modeling was used to successfully characterize solifenacin PK in pediatric patients with OAB or NDO. Similar solifenacin PK characteristics were observed in both populations.
Fitness costs associated with chlorantraniliprole resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Liu Shuhua , Yao Xinge , Xiang Xing , Yang Qunfang , Wang Xuegui , Xin Tian , Yu Siyuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe field population of Spodoptera exigua, an intermittently occurring polyphagous pest, has developed resistance to chlorantraniliprole, while whether or not such resistance carries fitness costs remains poorly understood. Here we selected six generations of the Leshan population (LS‐P) by two‐way selecting method, and obtained a highly resistant strain (CH‐RE) and resistant degeneration strain (CH‐SE) sharing a similar genetic background. After that fitness costs were evaluated by comparing the life history characteristics of CH‐RE, CH‐SE and the laboratory susceptible strain (SE‐Lab) via the age‐stage two‐sex life table method.RESULTSThe resistance ratio of CH‐RE and CH‐SE were 226.69‐fold and 3.72‐fold, respectively, and the estimated realized heritability (h2) of CH‐RE was 0.058. Compared with CH‐SE, the duration of pre‐adult, the longevity of adult, adult preoviposition period (APOP) and average generation time (T) of CH‐RE had significantly increased, but the oviposition days, average fecundity, intrinsic growth rate (r), weekly growth rate (λ) and reproductive rate (R0) decreased significantly. Moreover, the relative fitness of CH‐RE was 0.25, and showed fitness costs. Concurrently, the fecundity of CH‐SE was slightly lower than SE‐Lab, but there was no significant difference in r, λ and R0, and the fitness (1) of CH‐SE was similar to SE‐Lab (1.02), which was no fitness cost.CONCLUSIONThese findings represent that chlorantraniliprole resistance in S. exigua has a fitness cost, and the fitness cost will disappear with the recovery of sensitivity when the insecticide is stopped for field populations, supporting that such resistance would be managed by switching off the selection pressure with rotation with alternate insecticides. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
The secretome of liver X receptor agonist-treated early outgrowth cells decreases atherosclerosis in Ldlr−/− mice
Authors: Rasheed Adil , Shawky Sarah A. , Tsai Ricky , Jung Richard G. , Simard Trevor , Saikali Michael F. , Hibbert Benjamin , Rayner Katey J. , Cummins Carolyn L. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) promote the maintenance of the endothelium by secreting vasoreparative factors. A population of EPCs known as early outgrowth cells (EOCs) is being investigated as novel cell-based therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. We previously demonstrated that the absence of liver X receptors (LXRs) is detrimental to the formation and function of EOCs under hypercholesterolemic conditions. Here, we investigate whether LXR activation in EOCs is beneficial for the treatment of atherosclerosis. EOCs were differentiated from the bone marrow of wild-type (WT) and LXR-knockout (Lxrαβ−/−) mice in the presence of vehicle or LXR agonist (GW3965). WT EOCs treated with GW3965 throughout differentiation showed reduced mRNA expression of endothelial lineage markers (Cd144, Vegfr2) compared with WT vehicle and Lxrαβ−/− EOCs. GW3965-treated EOCs produced secreted factors that reduced monocyte adhesion to activated endothelial cells in culture. When injected into atherosclerosis-prone Ldlr−/− mice, GW3965-treated EOCs, or their corresponding conditioned media (CM) were both able to reduce aortic sinus plaque burden compared with controls. Furthermore, when human EOCs (obtained from patients with established CAD) were treated with GW3965 and the CM applied to endothelial cells, monocyte adhesion was decreased, indicating that our results in mice could be translated to patients. Ex vivo LXR agonist treatment of EOCs therefore produces a secretome that decreases early atherosclerosis in Ldlr−/− mice, and additionally, CM from human EOCs significantly inhibits monocyte to endothelial adhesion. Thus, active factor(s) within the GW3965-treated EOC secretome may have the potential to be useful for the treatment of atherosclerosis.