bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scientific Realism Without Reality? What Happens When Metaphysics is Left Out
Authors: Corti Alberto 
Published: September 2020

AbstractScientific realism is usually presented as if metaphysical realism (i.e. the thesis that there is a structured mind-independent external world) were one of its essential parts. This paper aims to examine how weak the metaphysical commitments endorsed by scientific realists could be. I will argue that scientific realism could be stated without accepting any form of metaphysical realism. Such a conclusion does not go as far as to try to combine scientific realism with metaphysical antirealism. Instead, it amounts to the combination of the former with a weaker view, called quietism, which is agnostic on the existence of mind-independent structures. In Sect. 2, I will argue that the minimal claim that brings together every scientific realist view is devoid of any metaphysical commitment. In Sect. 3, I will define metaphysical realism and antirealism. Such work will be instrumental in providing a more precise statement of quietism. Finally (Sect. 4), I will argue that assuming quietism, it is still possible to make sense of the debate between scientific realists and antirealists.
Identifying patients with metformin associated lactic acidosis in the emergency department
Authors: van Berlo-van de Laar I. R. F. , Gedik A. , van ‘t Riet E. , de Meijer A. , Taxis K. , Jansman F. G. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground Metformin associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a serious adverse event with a high mortality rate of 30–50%. Early recognition of MALA and timely starting treatment may reduce its morbidity and mortality. Objective The aim of this study was to explore clinical parameters to identify patients with MALA in patients with suspected sepsis induced lactic acidosis in the emergency department ED. Setting A retrospective single centre study was conducted at the Deventer Teaching Hospital in the Netherlands. Method Patients with lactate concentration > 4.0 mmol/l admitted at the ED between 2010 and 2017 with suspected sepsis or confirmed MALA and referred to the Intensive Care Unit were included. Baseline characteristics (pH, lactate, creatinine and CRP) of MALA patients were compared with patients with suspected sepsis induced lactic acidosis. Creatinine and lactate concentration were selected as potential relevant parameters. Main outcome measure Sensitivity and specificity of the highest tertiles of the creatinine and the lactate concentrations separately, in combination, and both combined with metformin use, were calculated. Results Thirteen MALA and 90 suspected sepsis induced lactic acidosis patients were included. Lactate (14.7 vs 5.9 mmol/l, p < 0.01) and creatinine concentration (642 vs 174 μmol/l, p < 0.01) were significantly higher in the MALA group and arterial pH (7.04 vs 7.38, p < 0.01) and CRP (90 vs 185 mg/l, p < 0.01) were significantly lower. The combined parameters lactate ≥ 8.4 mmol/l, creatinine ≥ 256 μmol/l had a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 95% for identifying MALA in suspected sepsis induced lactic acidosis patients in the ED. When combined with metformin use the specificity increased to 99%. Conclusion When managing lactic acidosis in the ED the diagnosis MALA should be considered in patients with a creatinine concentration ≥ 256 μmol/l and lactate concentration ≥ 8.4 mmol/l.
Isolation and ex vivo cultivation of single myofibers from porcine muscle
Authors: Stange Katja , Ahrens Hellen Elisa , von Maltzahn Julia , Röntgen Monika 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe isolation and cultivation of intact, single myofibers presents a superior approach for studying myogenic cells in their native position. The cells’ characteristics remain more similar to muscle tissue than in cell culture. Nevertheless, no routinely used method in higher vertebrates exists. Therefore, we aimed at establishing the isolation and cultivation of single myofibers from porcine muscle. For the first time, we implemented the isolation of intact myofibers from porcine fibularis tertius muscle by enzymatic digestion and their subsequent cultivation under floating conditions. Confocal microscopy showed intact myofibrill structures in isolated myofibers. Myogenic cells were able to proliferate at their parent myofiber as shown by the increase of myonuclear number during culture. Additionally, the described method can be used to investigate myogenic cells migrated from isolated myofibers. These cells expressed myogenic markers and were able to differentiate. In the future, our method can be used for genetic manipulation of cells at myofibers, investigation of growth factors or pharmacological substances, and determination of interactions between myofibers and associated cells. Working with isolated myofibers has the potential to bridge conventional cell culture and animal experiments. Adapting the method to porcine muscle allows for application possibilities in veterinary medicine as well as in biomedical research, which cannot be addressed in rodent model systems.
On Wave-Induced Elastic Deformations of a Submerged Wave Energy Device
Authors: Li Shuijin , Hayatdavoodi Masoud , Ertekin R. Cengiz 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStructural integrity has remained a challenge for design and analysis of wave energy devices. A difficulty in assessment of the structural integrity is often laid in the accurate determination of the wave-induced loads on the wave energy devices and the repones of the structure. Decoupled hydroelastic response of a submerged, oscillating wave energy device to extreme nonlinear wave loads is studied here. The submerged wave energy device consists of an oscillating horizontal disc attached to a direct-drive power take-off system. The structural frame of the wave energy device is fixed on the seafloor in shallow water. Several extreme wave conditions are considered in this study. The nonlinear wave loads on members of the submerged structure are obtained by use of the level I Green-Naghdi equations and Morison’s equation for cylindrical members. Distribution of Von Mises stresses and the elastic response of the structure to the extreme wave loads are determined by use of a finite element method. The decoupled hydroelastic analysis of the structure is carried out for devices built by four different materials, namely stainless steel, concrete, aluminium alloy, and titanium alloy. The elastic response of these devices is studied and results are compared with each other. Points of maximum stress and deformations are determined and the structural integrity under the extreme conditions is assessed. It is shown that the proposed approaches provide invaluable information about the structural integrity of wave energy devices.
Intracardiac tumor as a rare manifestation of genetic syndromes—presentation of a family with Gorlin syndrome and a literature review
Authors: Szczałuba Krzysztof , Makuła Ewa , Piórecka-Makuła Anna , Sicińska Justyna , Rydzanicz Małgorzata , Gasperowicz Piotr , Płoski Rafał , Werner Bożena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntracardiac tumors in children are relatively rare, but their clinical consequences may include severe outflow tract obstruction, embolism, cardiac insufficiency, or rhythm disturbances. In some cases, the tumor may constitute part of a genetic condition and prompt additional investigations, as well as a modification of therapeutic management. Herein, we present a molecularly confirmed familial case of Gorlin syndrome with an early cardiac tumor as a presenting sign. We provide detailed clinical characteristics of the affected individuals and a useful review of syndromic causes of pediatric cardiac tumors in clinical practice.
A systematic analysis on prevalence and sub-regional distribution of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among adults in African countries
Authors: Dessie Getenet , Mulugeta Henok , Amare Desalegne , Negesse Ayenew , Wagnew Fasil , Getaneh Temsgen , Endalamew Akililu , Adamu Yibeltal Wubale , Tadesse Gizachew , Workineh Aster , Lebu Sarah 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite the high prevalence of diabetes in Africa, the extent of undiagnosed diabetes in the region is still poorly understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to determine the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among adults in Africa.

Methods
We conducted a systematic desk review and electronic web-based search of PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and the World Health Organization’s Hinari portal (which includes the SCOPUS, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online databases), identifying peer-reviewed research studies on the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes among adult individuals using pre-defined quality and inclusion criteria. We ran our search from June 1, 2018 to Jun 14, 2020. We extracted relevant data and presented descriptive summaries of the studies in tabular form. The I2 test was used to assess heterogeneity across studies. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Funnel plot asymmetry and Egger’s tests were used to check for publication bias. The final effect size was determined by applying a trim and fill analysis in a random-effects model.

Results
Our search identified 1442 studies amongst which 23 articles were eligible for inclusion in the final meta-analysis. The average pooled prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among adults was 3.85 (95% CI: 3.10–4.60). The pooled prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus based on geographic location was 4.43 (95% CI: 3.12–5.74) in Eastern Africa; 4.72 (95% CI: 2.64–6.80) in Western Africa; 4.27 (95% CI: 1.77–6.76) in Northern Africa and 1.46 (95%CI: 0.57–2.34) in southern Africa respectively.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate a high prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes in Africa and suggest that it may be more prevalent in Western Africa than the rest of the regions. Given the high levels of undiagnosed diabetes in the Africa region, more attention should be paid to incorporating diabetes screening and treatment services into existing diabetes related programs to reduce the prevalence of undiagnosed cases.
On the effect of anchoring on valuations when the anchor is transparently uninformative
Authors: Ioannidis Konstantinos , Offerman Theo , Sloof Randolph 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe test whether anchoring affects people’s elicited valuations for a bottle of wine in individual decision-making and in markets. We anchor subjects by asking them if they are willing to sell a bottle of wine for a transparently uninformative random price. We elicit subjects’ Willingness-To-Accept for the bottle before and after the market. Subjects participate in a double auction market either in a small or a large trading group. The variance in subjects’ Willingness-To-Accept shrinks within trading groups. Our evidence supports the idea that markets have the potential to diminish anchoring effects. However, the market is not needed: our anchoring manipulation failed in a large sample. In a concise meta-analysis, we identify the circumstances under which anchoring effects of preferences can be expected.
Mobile Location-Based Services’ Value-in-Use in Inner Cities: Do a Customer’s Shopping Patterns, Prior User Experience, and Sales Promotions Matter?
Authors: Schwipper Stephanie , Peche Severine , Schmitz Gertrud 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMobile location-based services (LBS) represent a promising opportunity for inner-city retailers and service providers to react to changes in customer behavior due to digitalization. To gain competitive advantages, mobile LBS must offer customers high value-in-use and help them reach their shopping goals during their inner-city visits. Shopping goals differ depending on shopping patterns; thus, these patterns may influence customers’ evaluation of mobile LBS during inner-city visits. Since value-in-use is not only a context-specific but also a temporally dynamic construct, customers’ user experience must also be considered. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of customers’ shopping patterns and current user experience on their evaluation of mobile LBS’ value-in-use during inner-city visits. Moreover, the impacts of the offers transmitted through mobile LBS on the value-in-use are examined.Using field test data, we empirically verify a conceptualization of mobile LBS and determine a comprehensive view of mobile LBS’ value-in-use during shopping trips with different shopping patterns and user experience within a mixed-method analysis. Our results identify both utilitarian and hedonic value-in-use components as being empirically relevant for high value-in-use evaluations regarding mobile LBS in inner cities. Furthermore, the relevance of monetary benefits, fun benefits, and irritation on value-in-use vary according to customers’ user experience. A customer’s shopping pattern affects the value-in-use of mobile LBS; however, this effect is not as differentiated as expected. Moreover, the number of relevant monetary and non-monetary offers transmitted during an inner-city visit are shown to represent a potential, albeit limited, management instrument for affecting mobile LBS’ value-in-use.
The Monday Effect Revisited: A Diary and Sleep Actigraphy Study
Authors: Elfering Achim , Gerhardt Christin , Pereira Diana , Schenker Anna , Kottwitz Maria U. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Accidents are more likely to occur during the morning hours of Mondays (Monday effect). This might be due to a higher level of cognitive failure on Monday morning at work.

Methods
In a pilot actigraphy study across one working week, we explored this Monday effect and regressed daily self-reported workplace cognitive failure on weekdays (Monday versus other days), background social stressors at work, delayed sleep onset and sleep duration. Diary data were gathered from 40 full-time employees.

Results
Confirming our assumptions, results revealed work-related cognitive failure and sleep-onset latency on the previous night to be higher on Mondays compared to other workdays. Work-related cognitive failure correlated positively with delayed sleep-onset latency and background social stressors. In multilevel regression analysis, Monday significantly explained variations in workplace cognitive failure. The addition of background social stressors at work and sleep-onset latency to the regression model showed unique contributions to the prediction of workplace cognitive failure. No significant two-way or three-way interactions between working days, sleep-onset latency or sleep duration, and background social stressors were found.

Conclusion
Peak levels of cognitive failure on Monday morning and the association of cognitive failure with social stressors at work contribute to understanding the mechanisms involved in the increased prevalence of occupational accidents on Monday morning. Occupational safety interventions should address both social stressors at work and individual sleep hygiene.
The Impact of Road Infrastructure Development Projects on Local Communities in Peri-Urban Areas: the Case of Kisumu, Kenya and Accra, Ghana
Authors: Khanani Risper Sarah , Adugbila Emmanuel Junior , Martinez Javier A. , Pfeffer Karin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractLarge-scale spatial planning and urban development projects have gained popularity in cities of the Global South. Such projects are being used to improve connectivity, scale up cities’ competitiveness, and in return, attract investments. However, while road development changes peri-urban environments in the Global South cities, little attention is given to the consequences of road infrastructure in those areas. The objective of this paper is to investigate how the implementation of road infrastructure projects is transforming the socio-spatial landscapes and economic development, and how they affect social groups within the peri-urban areas of Kisumu (Kenya) and Accra (Ghana) cities, focusing on effects at the community level. The research employed a case study approach, using qualitative, quantitative and spatial methods to examine these socio-spatial and economic development dynamics. The findings show that, on the one hand, road infrastructure projects scaled up residential development, both in Kisumu and Accra, as the roads contributed to housing rents and land prices to increase and rendered peri-urban communities along them as attractive zones for real estate developers. Furthermore, accessibility to facilities and services improved. Also, in both cities, the road improvements fuelled employment opportunities. Conversely, in both cities, the road infrastructure projects led to gentrification and therefore to the displacement of poor residents into the hinterlands, which changed the social fibre and integration to a certain degree. The road infrastructure projects benefitted the rich, who own land at the expense of the poor. The findings that the impacts of road infrastructure appear to differ in locational context and class of individuals within peri-urban areas make us suggest that place-based and people-based policies need to be combined to address the consequences of road infrastructure projects.
French Translation and Validation of the Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire
Authors: Martineau Sarah , Gascon Laurence , Saltychev Mikhail , Rahal Akram , Marcotte Karine , Moubayed Sami P. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACT:Synkinesis is a distressing sequela of peripheral facial palsy (PFP). This study aimed to translate and validate the Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ), a reliable patient-reported outcome evaluation tool for synkinesis, in French. The SAQ was translated following a standard forward–backward translation procedure. After a cognitive debriefing with 10 PFP patients, the SAQ-F was assessed amongst 50 patients for internal consistency, known-group validity, construct validity, criterion validity, and test–retest reliability. Results demonstrated that the SAQ-F was valid, reliable, and had a unidimensional structure. The SAQ-F should be accompanied by clinician-based scales, to provide valuable additional information on the severity of synkinesis.
Functional data analysis and prediction tools for continuous glucose-monitoring studies
Authors: Gecili Emrah , Huang Rui , Khoury Jane C. , King Eileen , Altaye Mekibib , Bowers Katherine , Szczesniak Rhonda D. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Introduction:
To identify phenotypes of type 1 diabetes based on glucose curves from continuous glucose-monitoring (CGM) using functional data (FD) analysis to account for longitudinal glucose patterns. We present a reliable prediction model that can accurately predict glycemic levels based on past data collected from the CGM sensor and real-time risk of hypo-/hyperglycemic for individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Methods:
A longitudinal cohort study of 443 type 1 diabetes patients with CGM data from a completed trial. The FD analysis approach, sparse functional principal components (FPCs) analysis was used to identify phenotypes of type 1 diabetes glycemic variation. We employed a nonstationary stochastic linear mixed-effects model (LME) that accommodates between-patient and within-patient heterogeneity to predict glycemic levels and real-time risk of hypo-/hyperglycemic by creating specific target functions for these excursions.

Results:
The majority of the variation (73%) in glucose trajectories was explained by the first two FPCs. Higher order variation in the CGM profiles occurred during weeknights, although variation was higher on weekends. The model has low prediction errors and yields accurate predictions for both glucose levels and real-time risk of glycemic excursions.

Conclusions:
By identifying these distinct longitudinal patterns as phenotypes, interventions can be targeted to optimize type 1 diabetes management for subgroups at the highest risk for compromised long-term outcomes such as cardiac disease or stroke. Further, the estimated change/variability in an individual’s glucose trajectory can be used to establish clinically meaningful and patient-specific thresholds that, when coupled with probabilistic predictive inference, provide a useful medical-monitoring tool.
Religious prohibition and sacrifice: evidence from the Amish restriction on high school education
Authors: Wang Liang Choon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Amish collective objection to high school education and refusal to comply with compulsory schooling laws can be interpreted with a religious-club-good framework. According to the religious-club interpretation, the Amish use the restriction on secular education as a religious prohibition and sacrifice to improve the welfare of sect members. I exploit the 1972 U.S. Supreme Court's decision inWisconsin vs. Yoder, which exempts Amish children from compulsory high school education, as a policy shock to test several key predictions of the religious-club explanations. The evidence suggests that the successful restriction on high school education helped the Amish sect exclude individuals with low religious participation, lower members' shadow cost of time, and grow the sect through higher fertility.
Social interactions, ethnicity, religion, and fertility in Kenya
Authors: Iyer Sriya , Weeks Melvyn 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReproductive externalities are important for fertility behavior in Kenya. We identify from anthropology structural forms of social interaction operating across individuals belonging to different ethnic and religious groups on the number of children ever born. We use the 1998 Demographic and Health Survey, combined with primary meteorological data on Kenya, and GMM methods, to show that social interaction effects by ethnicity are important over and above an individual's characteristics such as their religion to explain variations in fertility. Our findings have implications for policy debates in Kenya and in other developing countries about ethnic, religious, and other differences in fertility behavior.
Radiation Injury Treatment Network Medical and Nursing Workforce Radiation: Knowledge and Attitude Assessment
Authors: Veenema Tener Goodwin , Moran Timothy P. , Kazzi Ziad , Schneider-Firestone Sarah , Case Cullen , Aldrich Jennifer 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjectives:The Radiation Injury Treatment Network (RITN) is prepared to respond to a national disaster resulting in mass casualties with marrow toxic injuries. How effective existing RITN workforce education and training is, or whether health-care providers (HCPs) at these centers possess the knowledge and skills to care for patients following a radiation emergency is unclear. HCP knowledge regarding the medical effects and medical management of radiation-exposed patients, along with clinical competence and willingness to care for patients following a radiation emergency was assessed.Methods:An online survey was conducted to assess level of knowledge regarding the medical effects of radiation, medical/nursing management of patients, self-perception of clinical competence, and willingness to respond to radiation emergencies and nuclear events.Results:Attendance at previous radiation emergency management courses and overall knowledge scores were low for all respondents. The majority indicated they were willing to respond to a radiation event, but few believed they were clinically competent to do so.Conclusions:Despite willingness to respond, HCPs at RITN centers may not possess adequate knowledge of medical management of radiation patients, and appropriate response actions during a radiation emergency. RITN should increase the awareness of the importance of radiation education and training.