bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cranial findings detected by second‐trimester ultrasound in fetuses with myelomeningocele: a systematic review
Authors: Kunpalin Y , Richter J , Mufti N , Bosteels J , Ourselin S , De Coppi P , Thompson D , David AL , Deprest J 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundAbnormal intracranial findings are often detected at mid‐trimester ultrasound (US) in fetuses with myelomeningocele (MMC). It is unclear whether these findings constitute a spectrum of the disease or are an independent finding, which should contraindicate fetal surgery.ObjectiveTo ascertain the spectrum and frequency of US‐detected cranial findings in fetuses with MMC.Search strategyMEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and CENTRAL were searched from January 2000 to June 2020.Selection criteriaStudy reporting incidence of cranial US findings in consecutive cases of second‐trimester fetuses with MMC.Data collection and analysisPublication quality was assessed by Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) and modified NOS. Meta‐analysis could not be performed as a result of high clinical diversity and study heterogeneity.Main resultsFourteen cranial US findings were reported in 15 studies. Findings in classic Chiari II malformation (CIIM) spectrum included posterior fossa funnelling (96%), small transcerebellar diameter (82–96%), ‘banana’ sign (50–100%), beaked tectum (65%) and ‘lemon’ sign (53–100%). Additional cranial findings were small biparietal diameter (BPD) and head circumference (HC) (<5th centile; 53 and 71%, respectively), ventriculomegaly (45–89%), abnormal pointed shape of the occipital horn (77–78%), thinning of the posterior cerebrum, perinodular heterotopia (11%), abnormal gyration (3%), corpus callosum disorders (60%) and midline interhemispheric cyst (42%).ConclusionsWe identified 14 cranial findings by second‐trimester US in fetuses with MMC. The relatively high incidence of these findings and their unclear prognostic significance might not contraindicate fetal surgery in the case of normal fetal genetic testing. Some cranial findings may independently affect postnatal outcome, however. Long‐term detailed follow‐up is required to investigate this.Tweetable abstractA high rate of cranial abnormalities found on second‐trimester ultrasound in fetuses with myelomeningocele.
Maternal infections: revisiting the need for screening in pregnancy
Authors: Faure‐Bardon V , Ville Y 
Published: September 2020

The decision to implement screening for infections during pregnancy depends upon epidemiological, economic, therapeutic and test performance criteria. It therefore varies with public health priorities from country to country. When screening is implemented, the first trimester has become the best time slot to build individual care pathways in this field. This is most relevant for evaluating the risk of embryonic consequences, planning diagnostic testing, initiating primary or secondary prevention and optimising the accuracy of ultrasound follow‐up. This article is a critical appraisal of epidemiological data and current international screening recommendations for infections in pregnancy.Tweetable abstractScreening for infections in pregnancy: a critical review of current epidemiological evidence and international guidelines.
Benefit of antenatal corticosteroids by year of birth among preterm infants in Canada during 2003–2017: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Melamed N , Murphy K , Barrett J , Asztalos E , McDonald SD , Yoon EW , Shah PS ,   the Canadian Neonatal Network (CNN), Canadian Preterm Birth Network (CPTBN) Investigators
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the changes in the associations of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) with neonatal mortality and severe neurological injury over time (2003–17).DesignNational, population‐representative, retrospective cohort study.SettingLevel III neonatal intensive care units participating in the Canadian Neonatal Network.PopulationAll infants born at 230/7–336/7 weeks of gestation (n = 43 456).MethodsWe estimated the associations between exposure to ACS and neonatal outcomes by year of birth. Year of birth was considered both continuously and categorically as three consecutive epochs.Main outcome measureNeonatal mortality and severe neurological injury.ResultsThe absolute rates of neonatal mortality and severe neurological injury decreased during the study period in both the ACS and No ACS groups. For infants born at 230/7–306/7 weeks of gestation, ACS was associated with similar reductions in neonatal mortality across the three epochs (9.0% versus 18.1%, adjusted relative risk [aRR] 0.54, 95% CI 0.47–0.61 in 2003–09; 7.6% versus 19.6%, aRR 0.51, 95% CI 0.44–0.59 in 2010–13; and 7.3% versus 14.5%, aRR 0.56, 95% CI 0.46–0.68 in 2014–17) and in severe neurological injury (13.2% versus 25.8%, aRR 0.57, 95% CI 0.50–0.64 in 2003–09; 7.4% versus 17.4%, aRR 0.53, 95% CI 0.43–0.66 in 2010–14; and 7.2% versus 14.8%, aRR 0.59, 95% CI 0.48–0.74 in 2014–17).ConclusionDespite the ongoing improvements in neonatal care of preterm infants, as reflected by the gradual decrease in the absolute rates of neonatal mortality and severe neurological injury, the association of ACS treatment with neonatal mortality and severe neurological injury among extremely preterm infants born at 23–30 weeks of gestation has remained stable throughout the study period of 15 years.Tweetable abstractDespite the gradual decrease in the rates of neonatal mortality and severe neurological injury, antenatal corticosteroids remain an important intervention in the current era of neonatal care.
Forensic Footwear Reliability: Part I—Participant Demographics and Examiner Agreement*
Authors: Speir Jacqueline A. , Richetelli Nicole , Hammer Lesley 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn order to assess the extent of agreement between forensic footwear examiners in the United States, a reliability study was performed by West Virginia University between February 2017 and August 2018. Over the span of 19 months, 70 examiners each performed 12 comparisons and reported a total of 840 conclusions. For each comparison, participants were queried on a number of factors in order to determine the degree to which different types of features were identified, evaluated, and weighted, before arriving at a final decision regarding the strength of the association or disassociation between questioned and test impressions. Preliminary results from this study are divided into a series of three summaries. This manuscript (Part I) describes participant demographics as well as community agreement in both feature identification/annotation, and final reporting. Results indicate considerable variation in feature identification/annotation (as low as 66.5% agreement), but higher consistency in the reporting of overall conclusions. For mated pairs, this agreement was 79.7% ± 14.1% (median of 85.7% and a 90% confidence interval between 75.9% and 83.2%). For nonmated pairs, the equivalent overall agreement was 89.8% ± 6.69% (median of 91.4% and a 90% confidence interval between 87.4% and 92.1%). These estimates of agreement are further compared with previous published findings, and collectively, the work extends the body of knowledge concerning reliability in forensic footwear comparisons and conclusions.
Integrated management of the coffee berry borer: A comparison of cultural, biological, and ethological control
Authors: Oliva Manuel , Rubio Karol , Rivasplata Elder , Leiva Santos 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe coffee berry borer (CBB) is among the most harmful pests to coffee crops across the world, causing enormous harm to small‐ scale coffee farmers in northern Peru. This study aimed to contrast three different CBB control methods; cultural control (field sanitation), ethological control (red traps baited with ethanol–methanol (1:1)), biological control (use of the Beauveria sp., strain) and an integration of the aforementioned methods by comparing each control method's efficiencies and CBB reduction percentage in coffee plantations located in the province of Rodriguez de Mendoza, Amazonas. Therefore, a completely randomized block design (CRBD) was applied. Subsequently, the results showed no statistical differences among treatments carried out in this study. However, high infestation reduction percentages of up to 70% were reached, evidencing the effect of these treatments. In addition, the final results were impacted by environmental conditions and population pressure.
Mass transfer dynamics of simultaneous water gain and solid loss during soaking of pigeon pea grains
Authors: Kate Adinath E. , Giri Saroj K. , B Sivatejaswini 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPigeon pea is the most prominently used protein source for human consumption. This is one of the leading pulse utilized in various applications in food processing. Soaking is one of the mandatory unit operation required to convert it from raw to a consumable form. Insights into its mass transfer dynamics enable the design and optimization of processing conditions with due consideration of retention of its quality and nutrition. In the present investigation, the mass transfer dynamics of simultaneous water gain and solid loss taking place during soaking was studied . The experimental samples were soaked at 35, 50, 75, 85, and 100 °C to represent the lower and upper gelatinization temperatures. The water diffusivities varied from 5.492 × 10−10 to 13.84 × 10−10 m²/s when soaking temperature was increased from 35 to 100 °C. Similarly, solid diffusivities vary between 6.27 × 10−10 at 35 °C and 9.48 × 10−10 m²/s at 100 °C. The activation energies of both the phenomenon were estimated using the Arrhenius equation. The mass transfer process has been identified with three distinct stages. The first stage was characterized by void filling, expansion, and solid hydration. The second stage was marked at 5% of solid loss and characterized by solid loss, while the third stage contributed to the starch gelatinization process. Simultaneous water gain and solid loss in the grain was observed throughout the process at varying rates. The insights into mass transfers from this study can help in further modeling of pigeon pea soaking behavior.Practical ApplicationSoaking is one of the mandatory step for further utilization of legume grains. Various desirable and undesirable changes take place during the soaking process. Pigeon pea being a leading legume, understanding of the dynamics of various chemical, physical, and compositional changes during soaking is very much required for a process design. Also the representation of these behaviors in mathematical models is essential to further understand and optimize the operations for maximum retention of quality attributes, minimum wastage, and low‐energy consumption.
Wildlife omnivores and herbivores as a significant vehicle of multidrug‐resistant and pathogenic Escherichia coli strains in environment
Authors: Osińska Marcelina , Nowakiewicz Aneta , Zięba Przemysław , Gnat Sebastian , Łagowski Dominik 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe phenomenon of resistance of Escherichia coli strains in free‐living animals has been constantly expanding in recent years. However, the data are still fragmented and, due to the growing threat to public health, there is a constant need to search for and analyse new reservoirs and indicate their role and importance in the circulation of resistance genes in the environment. Therefore, the target group in this study were free‐living non‐predatory animals as reservoirs of drug‐resistant and potentially virulent E. coli strains. We obtained 70 different isolates, including 71.4% of multidrug‐resistant strains. In strains isolated from all species of animals, we determined high resistance to ampicillin (95.7%), tetracycline (64.3%), streptomycin (51.4%) and chloramphenicol (38.6%). Every third of the E. coli‐positive individual was a carrier of more than one resistant clone. Moreover, 11.4% of isolates among the resistant strains had the ExPEC, ETEC, or EHEC pathotype. Our study confirmed that not only free‐living predatory animals are reservoirs of resistance but also many synanthropic species of herbivores and omnivores contribute substantially to the spread of resistant and virulent E. coli strains.
COVID‐19, smoking, vaping and quitting: a representative population survey in England
Authors: Tattan‐Birch Harry , Perski Olga , Jackson Sarah , Shahab Lion , West Robert , Brown Jamie 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsTo estimate (1) associations between self‐reported COVID‐19, hand‐washing, smoking status, e‐cigarette use and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) use and (2) the extent to which COVID‐19 has prompted smoking and vaping quit attempts and more smoking inside the home.DesignCross‐sectional household surveys.Setting and participantsA representative sample of the population in England from April to May 2020. The sample included 3179 adults aged ≥ 18 years.MeasurementsParticipants who reported that they definitely or thought they had coronavirus were classified as having self‐reported COVID‐19. Participants were asked how often they wash their hands after returning home, before preparing foods, before eating or before touching their face. They were also asked whether, due to COVID‐19, they had (i) attempted to quit smoking, (ii) attempted to quit vaping and (iii) changed the amount they smoke inside the home.FindingsOdds of self‐reported COVID‐19 were significantly greater among current smokers [20.9%, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–1.73] and long‐term (> 1‐year) ex‐smokers (16.1%, aOR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.05–1.68) compared with never smokers (14.5%). Recent (< 1‐year) ex‐smokers had non‐significantly greater odds of self‐reported COVID‐19 (22.2%, aOR = 1.50, 95% CI = 0.85–2.53). Bayes factors indicated there was sufficient evidence to rule out large differences in self‐reported COVID‐19 by NRT use and medium differences by e‐cigarette use. With the exception of hand‐washing before face‐touching, engagement in hand‐washing behaviours was high (> 85%), regardless of nicotine use. A minority (12.2%) of quit attempts in the past 3 months were reportedly triggered by COVID‐19, and approximately one in 10 current e‐cigarette users reported attempting to quit vaping because of COVID‐19.ConclusionsIn England, current smokers and long‐term ex‐smokers appear to have higher odds of self‐reported COVID‐19 compared with never smokers in adjusted analyses, but there were no large differences between people who used nicotine replacement therapy or e‐cigarettes. Engagement in hand‐washing appears to be high, regardless of nicotine or tobacco use. A minority of past‐year smokers and current e‐cigarette users, respectively, report attempting to quit smoking/vaping due to COVID‐19.
A new monitoring tool CLIP test for progression of oxaliplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy: A multicenter prospective study
Authors: Kamei Keiko , Ohnishi Tadashi , Nakata Ken , Danno Katsuki , Ohkawa Atsushi , Miyake Yasuhiro , Okazaki Satoshi , Fukunaga Mutsumi , Toyokawa Akihiro , Hamada Tetsuhiro , Shindoh Junichi , Kanazawa Akiyoshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIntroductionOxaliplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) is a common adverse events that can limit a patient's quality of life during/after chemotherapy. However, no appropriate methods have been established yet for monitoring the risk of progression of OIPN.MethodsA simple assessment tool using gem clips, the CLIP test, was established and its performance in predicting the risk of progression to ≥grade 2 peripheral sensory neuropathy (CTCAE ver. 4.0) was investigated in patients receiving chemotherapy with oxaliplatin.ResultsAmong 101 patients included in this study, 71 patients developed CTCAE ≥grade 1 peripheral neuropathy (grade 1, n = 67; grade 2, n = 4) at a median of 63 (range, 14–259) days after the start of treatment. Of the 67 patients with grade 1 peripheral neuropathy, 17 showed progression to ≥grade 2 neuropathy after a median interval of 84 (range, 21–246) days. Of these patients, 27 showed a positive result of the CLIP test at a median of 91 (range, 14–224) days, excluding one patient who already showed a positive result of the test at the baseline. Therefore, the risk ratio for the development of CTCAE ≥grade 2 peripheral neuropathy was 8.3 in the patients who showed a positive result on the CLIP test. Multivariate analysis confirmed that a positive results on the CLIP test was significantly correlated with the risk of future development of CTCAE ≥grade 2 peripheral neuropathy (odds ratio, 9.37; P = 0.002).ConclusionA positive result on the CLIP test predict is predictive of the risk of progression of OIPN during chemotherapy with oxaliplatin.
Melatonin for anaesthetic indications in paediatric patients: a systematic review
Authors: Procaccini D. , Lobner K. , Azamfirei R. , Kudchadkar S. R. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe favourable safety profile and ubiquitous nature of melatonin has led to an increase in its use in various clinical settings in adults and children. We performed a systematic review of published studies on the use of melatonin for anaesthetic indications in paediatric patients. To identify relevant articles, PubMed, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched. Study title and abstract screening, and full text review were performed by two reviewers. Twenty‐seven eligible studies investigating melatonin use for anaesthetic indications were identified. Due to significant heterogeneity in study methodology, a quantitative synthesis of the published findings was not possible. The identified studies were therefore categorised by the indication for melatonin: analgesia, diagnostic sedation and as an anaesthetic adjunct. Melatonin use for anaesthetic‐related indications is safe; may provide analgesia for inflammatory‐associated pain in neonates and children before venepuncture; may decrease the need for, or replace, general anaesthesia for diagnostic procedures; and may serve as an anaesthesia adjunct before induction in paediatric patients.
Patients' and caregivers' knowledge and beliefs about mental illness in mainland China: A systematic review
Authors: Li Wenjing , Reavley Nicola 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis review aimed to systematically investigate patients' and caregivers' knowledge and beliefs about mental illness in mainland China. A total of 48 eligible studies (N = 11 895) were retrieved from eight electronic databases. Prevalence statistics were computed for themes (eg, stress) under each construct relating to knowledge or belief about mental illness (eg, beliefs about causes). Effect size r was calculated for each correlation with an identified construct. We found that only 27.8% of patients recognized the symptoms of schizophrenia. Although 65% of caregivers declared that they knew the names of the disorders that their ill relatives had, depression (43.6%), schizophrenia (28.5%) and anxiety disorders (18.1%) had low recognition rates. Both caregivers and patients preferred psychosocial explanations of mental illness. Pharmacological interventions (eg, antipsychotics), non‐specific actives (eg, “getting out and learning more”), mental health professionals (eg, psychiatrists) and informal support (eg, family) were each considered helpful for different disorders by caregivers, whereas regular contact with mental health professionals was not highly rated as helpful by patients. Additionally, while more patients knew about the effects of the medications that they were taking, more caregivers emphasized the importance of medicine adherence. Psychosocial variables (eg, family burden) demonstrated significant effects on both groups' mental health literacy. The government should invest more in supporting caregivers of people with mental disorders and monitor the implementation of mental health policies.
Nature and frequency of prescription modifications in community pharmacies: A nationwide study in the Netherlands
Authors: van Loon W.E. (Ellen) , Borgsteede S.D. (Sander) , Baas G.W. (Gert) , Kruijtbosch M. (Martine) , Buurma H. (Henk) , De Smet P.A.G.M. Peter , Egberts A.C.G. (Toine) , Bouvy M. (Marcel) , Floor‐Schreudering A. (Annemieke) 
Published: September 2020

AimsTo investigate the nature and frequency of prescription modifications in Dutch community pharmacies.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, Dutch community pharmacists documented prescription modifications in their pharmacy during 1 predetermined day. Pharmacists from all Dutch community pharmacies were invited to participate. A prescription modification was defined as any modification in a prescription for a medicine or other healthcare product because of an administrative problem, logistic issue or potential drug‐related problem (DRP). All documented modifications were assessed to establish the nature and frequency of prescription modifications.ResultsPharmacists in 275 pharmacies completed the study. A modification was performed in 5.5% of all prescriptions. 1.3% of the prescriptions contained an administrative problem, of which insufficient specification of the dosing regimen was most common (63.1%). A modification was performed due to a logistic issue in 2.4% of the prescriptions. The most frequently recorded issues were unavailability of medication (40.9%) and obligatory product substitutions due to reimbursement policies (33.2%). A modification was performed in 1.8% of the prescriptions to solve or prevent potential DRPs. Of these, 69.2% was potentially clinically relevant according to the pharmacist concerned. The most frequently prevented potential DRP was an incorrect strength or dose (31.9%).ConclusionDutch community pharmacists modified almost 1 in 20 prescriptions per pharmacy. The nature of the modifications reflects current community pharmacy practice, in which pharmacists frequently deal with logistic issues and intervene to solve or prevent for DRPs several times a day. The majority of the DRPs were considered to be potentially clinically relevant.
Semiparametric partial common principal component analysis for covariance matrices
Authors: Wang Bingkai , Luo Xi , Zhao Yi , Caffo Brian 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe consider the problem of jointly modeling multiple covariance matrices by partial common principal component analysis (PCPCA), which assumes a proportion of eigenvectors to be shared across covariance matrices and the rest to be individual‐specific. This paper proposes consistent estimators of the shared eigenvectors in the PCPCA as the number of matrices or the number of samples to estimate each matrix goes to infinity. We prove such asymptotic results without making any assumptions on the ranks of eigenvalues that are associated with the shared eigenvectors. When the number of samples goes to infinity, our results do not require the data to be Gaussian distributed. Furthermore, this paper introduces a sequential testing procedure to identify the number of shared eigenvectors in the PCPCA. In simulation studies, our method shows higher accuracy in estimating the shared eigenvectors than competing methods. Applied to a motor‐task functional magnetic resonance imaging data set, our estimator identifies meaningful brain networks that are consistent with current scientific understandings of motor networks during a motor paradigm.