bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The GoAudio Quantitative Mobile Audiology Test Enhances Access to Clinical Hearing Assessments
Authors: Koleilat Alaa , Argue David P. , Schimmenti Lisa A. , Ekker Stephen C. , Poling Gayla L. 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
Hearing loss is a common impairment of the human senses with an estimated 48 million American adults reporting some trouble hearing; however, access to hearing health care is limited. Detection of hearing loss through a mobile, handheld tool can provide an important access point and potentially expedited access to the continuum of hearing health care. Here, we determined that GoAudio, a portable, automated hearing assessment tool, can be used to identify individuals who require additional hearing evaluation in a clinical workflow.

Method

This initial study included 24 adults, ages 18–65 years (
M
= 50,
SD
= 12), tested with GoAudio versus “gold-standard” clinical audiometry for eight frequencies to evaluate “real-world” applications. Participants utilized noise-canceling headphones combined with a tablet-based application for the GoAudio assessment.

Results
The primary study outcome measurements were the comparison of hearing thresholds (dB HL) from clinical audiometry and GoAudio. Results suggest that GoAudio is comparable to clinical audiometry for the identification of hearing loss at most frequencies (except 1 kHz for both ears and 2 kHz in the right ear). Upon stratifying data based on age, we identified that GoAudio is capable of identifying suspected age-related hearing loss or hearing thresholds greater than 30 dB HL at higher frequencies in both ears.

Conclusion
The study results support that GoAudio can be used effectively in clinical practice workflows as a reliable hearing assessment tool for the identification of hearing loss at the majority of frequencies outside a sound-treated booth and can detect characteristics of age-related hearing loss.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13087682
Influence of ice structure on the soft UV photochemistry of PAHs embedded in solid water
Authors: Noble J. A. , Michoulier E. , Aupetit C. , Mascetti J. 
Published: October 2020

Context. The UV photoreactivity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in porous amorphous solid water has long been known to form both oxygenated photoproducts and photofragments.
Aims. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of ice structure on reactivity under soft UV irradiation conditions.
Methods. Mixtures of PAHs with amorphous solid water (porous and compact) and crystalline (cubic and hexagonal) ices were prepared in a high vacuum chamber and irradiated using a mercury lamp for up to 2.5 h.
Results. The results show that the production of oxygenated PAHs is efficient only in amorphous water ice, while fragmentation can occur in both amorphous and crystalline ices. We conclude that the reactivity is driven by PAH–water interactions in favourable geometries, notably where dangling bonds are available at the surface of pores.
Conclusions. These results suggest that the formation of oxygenated PAH molecules is most likely to occur in interstellar environments with porous (or compact) amorphous solid water and that this reactivity could considerably influence the inventory of aromatics in meteorites.
Comparaison de deux dispositifs d’ancrage pour la distalisation molaire
Authors: Scotti Anne-Charlotte , Boudehen Erwan , Thebault Benoît , Sorel Olivier , Brézulier Damien 
Published: October 2020

La gestion de l’ancrage est un paramètre clé dans le succès des thérapeutiques orthodontiques. Parmi les nombreux systèmes classiquement décris, tels que les forces extra-orales, les pastilles de Nance, ou encore le ten-two system de Tweed, aucun n’est dénué d’effets indésirables. C’est pourquoi des dispositifs dits « d’ancrage absolu », sans appui dentaire et permettant de s’affranchir de la coopération du patient sont apparus. Ils sont représentés par l’ensemble des vis ou mini-implants à visée orthodontique.Nous proposons d’étudier ici deux de ces dispositifs : les mini plaques d’ancrage d’une part et les minivis OBS décrites par Chris Chang d’autre part. Notre propos sera illustré au travers de deux cas cliniques traités par distalisation molaire. Nous verrons que ces deux systèmes sont des ancrages osseux temporaires dont la polyvalence rend possible les déplacements des dents dans les trois dimensions de l’espace. Nous montrerons cependant que la phase chirurgicale est plus simple avec les minivis OBS avec moins de comorbidités associées.
Orbita-Infektion mit Delftia acidovorans nach Katzenkratzer
Authors: Smits Walter Johannes , Feucht Heinz-Hubert , Oellig Frank , Zöllner Bernhard 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungAnamnese und klinischer Befund Die 60-jährige Patientin wurde vor 34 Monaten von ihrer Katze am linken Augenlid gekratzt. Danach kam es zu chronischen, langsam progredienten Hautveränderungen mit sich verstärkenden Kopfschmerzen. Therapieversuche mit Kortison, Pimecrolimus, Pregabalin und Metamizol waren erfolglos. Nach 24 Monaten klagte sie über starken Bulbus-Schmerz am linken Auge, zunehmende Schmerzen bei Augenbewegungen und große Lichtempfindlichkeit. Es zeigten sich granulomatöse Papeln im Bereich des Auges.Untersuchungen und Diagnose Die interdisziplinären Untersuchungsbefunde und klinisch-chemischen Parameter waren unauffällig. Eine Biopsie aus dem Lidbereich erbrachte den Nachweis von Delftia acidovorans mittels bakterieller 16S-rRNA-PCR.Therapie und Verlauf Unter der Therapie mit Piperacillin/Tazobactam 3-mal 4,5 g/d i. v. für 10 Tage kam es zu einer raschen klinischen Besserung, sodass die Patientin nach 11 Tagen entlassen werden konnte. Nach weiteren 10 Monaten war sie rezidiv- und beschwerdefrei.Folgerung D. acidovorans ist bislang nicht als zoonotischer Erreger in Erscheinung getreten, sollte aber bei Verletzungen durch Tiere in die differenzialdiagnostischen Erwägungen einbezogen werden.
Wie antikoaguliert man ältere und fragile Patienten?
Authors: Herold Joerg , Bauersachs Rupert 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungMit zunehmendem Alter steigt das Risiko für Thrombosen, Blutungen und Nierenfunktionsstörungen. Die Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit der direkten oralen Antikoagulanzien (DOAKs) bei fragilen Patienten (Alter 75 Jahre und/oder Kreatinin-Clearance < 50 ml/min und/oder Körpergewicht unter 50 kg) mit Indikation zur Antikoagulation ist eines der schwierigsten Themen in der aktuellen kardiovaskulären Medizin. Neue Registerdaten aus Subgruppenanalysen großer Studien und Register weisen auf die Überlegenheit von DOAKs im Vergleich mit VKA hin. In diesem Artikel werden sowohl Daten aus neuen Studien als auch Subgruppenanalysen von wegweisenden Studien ausgewertet, um neue Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen und Wege für die Antikoagulation bei fragilen Patienten zu beschreiben.
Late-Stage Alkylation of N-Containing Heteroarenes Enabled by Homolysis of Alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines under Blue LED Irradiation
Authors: Wang Ping , Chen Xiaoping , Luo Xiaosheng , Wang Kaiqian , Liang Feng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlkylated heteroarenes are widely found in bioactive molecules and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, there is great interest in developing a chemoselective alkylation of heteroarenes under mild conditions, particularly during a late-stage functionalization step for the purpose of rapid derivatization. Herein, we introduce an efficient visible-light-promoted C–H alkylation of nitrogen-containing heteroarenes by using C4-alkyl 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) as radical precursors at ambient temperatures. A broad scope of heteroarenes, such as 4-hydroxyquinazoline and its derivatives, including those bearing electron-donating or electron-withdrawing groups, can be successfully alkylated in good yields by using various C4-alkyl DHPs.
Information: a missing component in understanding and mitigating social epidemics
Authors: Magarey Roger D. , Trexler Christina M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSocial epidemics or behaviorally based non-communicable diseases are becoming an increasingly important problem in developed countries including the United States. It is the aim of our paper to propose a previously understudied aspect of the spread of social epidemics, the role of information in both causing and mitigating social epidemics. In this paper, we ask, can information be harmful, contagious, and a causal factor in social epidemics? In the spread of biological epidemics, the causal agents are biological pathogens such as bacteria or viruses. We propose that in the spread of social epidemics, one of the causal agents is harmful information, which is increasing exponentially in the age of the internet. We ground our idea in the concept of the meme and define the concept of an infopathogen as harmful information that can spread or intensify a social epidemic. Second, we ask, what are the best tools to understand the role of information in the spread of social epidemics? The epidemiological triad that includes a host, agents (and vectors), and the environment is extended into a quad by including information agents. The quad includes the role of information technologies as vectors and the impact of the social environment. The “life cycles” of pathogens in biological epidemics and infopathogens in social epidemics are compared, along with mitigations suggested by the epidemiological quad. Challenges to the theory of infopathogens, including the complexities associated with the spread of memes and the role of behavior in the spread of epidemics are discussed. Implications of the theory including the classification of harmfulness, the freedom of speech, and the treatment of infected individuals are also considered. We believe the application of the epidemiological quad provides insights into social epidemics and potential mitigations. Finally, we stress that infopathogens are only part of social epidemic development; susceptible hosts, a favorable environment, and availability of physical agents are all also required.
Sanctuary policies reduce deportations without increasing crime
Authors: Hausman David K. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Opponents of sanctuary policies, including the federal government, assert that they harm public safety. This report shows that that claim is not supported by the evidence. This report estimates the effect of sanctuary on deportations, finding that sanctuary policies reduce deportations by one-third, but that those policies do not reduce deportations of people with violent criminal convictions. It also finds that sanctuary has no measurable effect on crime.
From local to national metabolism: a review and a scale-up framework
Authors: Yan Ningyu , Liu Gengyuan , Ripa Maddalena , Wang Ning , Zheng Hongmei , Gonella Francesco 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Research background
: Countries are likely the most important subjects involved in the environmental control and response to global environmental issues, while the majority of the related metabolic analyses are focused on the metabolism at the city scale.

Objective
: Analyzing why and how to scale up the metabolic study from city to country.

Methods
: Combining quantitative analysis with a literature review socio-metabolic research, since it is an effective method to study resource and environmental issues and has been applied at different scales.

Results
: 1) A single city or a smaller area is hardly self-sufficient, and its sustainability and resilience needs the support of the surrounding environment; 2) At the country scale, systems exhibit a higher level of self-organization and a corresponding higher level of complexity, addressing the need for applying the metabolic theory at the national scale; 3) The emergy analysis methods show its advantages in study metabolic processes for national metabolism; 4) Input-output analysis plays an important role in and region coordination.

Conclusions
: The interactions among and within the scales are nested, as well as the goals and methods. Therefore, socio-metabolic research on scales differ in their priority goals, and the methods adopted must be targeted.
Deep learning-based real-time volumetric imaging for lung stereotactic body radiation therapy: a proof of concept study
Authors: Lei Yang , Tian Zhen , Wang Tonghe , Higgins Kristin , Bradley Jeffrey D , Curran Walter J , Liu Tian , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Due to the inter- and intra- variation of respiratory motion, it is highly desired to provide real-time volumetric images during the treatment delivery of lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for accurate and active motion management. In this proof-of-concept study, we propose a novel generative adversarial network integrated with perceptual supervision to derive instantaneous volumetric images from a single 2D projection. Our proposed network, named TransNet, consists of three modules, i.e. encoding, transformation and decoding modules. Rather than only using image distance loss between the generated 3D images and the ground truth 3D CT images to supervise the network, perceptual loss in feature space is integrated into loss function to force the TransNet to yield accurate lung boundary. Adversarial supervision is also used to improve the realism of generated 3D images. We conducted a simulation study on 20 patient cases, who had received lung SBRT treatments in our institution and undergone 4D-CT simulation, and evaluated the efficacy and robustness of our method for four different projection angles, i.e. 0°, 30°, 60° and 90°. For each 3D CT image set of a breathing phase, we simulated its 2D projections at these angles. For each projection angle, a patient’s 3D CT images of 9 phases and the corresponding 2D projection data were used to train our network for that specific patient, with the remaining phase used for testing. The mean absolute error of the 3D images obtained by our method are 99.3 ± 14.1 HU. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index metric within the tumor region of interest are 15.4 ± 2.5 dB and 0.839 ± 0.090, respectively. The center of mass distance between the manual tumor contours on the 3D images obtained by our method and the manual tumor contours on the corresponding 3D phase CT images are within 2.6 mm, with a mean value of 1.26 mm averaged over all the cases. Our method has also been validated in a simulated challenging scenario with increased respiratory motion amplitude and tumor shrinkage, and achieved acceptable results. Our experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of our 2D-to-3D method for lung cancer patients, which provides a potential solution for in-treatment real-time on-board volumetric imaging for tumor tracking and dose delivery verification to ensure the effectiveness of lung SBRT treatment.
Characterization of Surface Topographies Generated using Circular- and Cylindrical-Face EDT
Authors: Jithin S , Bhandarkar Upendra V , Joshi Suhas S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Large area texturing using EDT is challenging due to surface damage resulted from inefficient discharges, such as arcs and short-circuits. Also, three-dimensional analyses of surface topography generated during electrical discharge texturing (EDT) are scarcely performed in the available literature. Therefore, in this work, two modes of EDT were developed for large area texturing based on the mode of electrode movement resulting in texture generation on work surfaces: circular-face EDT (CirEDT) and cylindrical-face EDT (CylEDT), and the generated surface topographies are characterized in terms of topography images, areal texture parameters, and scanning electron microscopy images. Parametric analyses are also performed to study the influences of the operating parameters, such as discharge current, pulse on-time, and peripheral velocity, on different areal texture parameters. Topography analyses reveal that these surfaces have a characteristic stochastic distribution of microstructures in shape, size, and location. Height parameter analyses reveal that CylEDT surfaces are twice positively skewed and have a higher kurtosis as compared to the CirEDT surfaces. Spatial parameter analyses reveal that both surfaces display dominance of isotropic nature and non-directional structures. CirEDT surfaces have higher lubricant retention capacity, but lesser wear volume available for running-in period as compared to CylEDT surfaces, as per volume parameter analyses. Discharge current and pulse on-time are identified as the significant parameters influencing the majority of the areal texture parameters analyzed. SEM analysis revealed that CylEDT results in a textured surface with sea-wave-like structures, whereas CirEDT results in a textured surface with lunar-craters-like structures.
Deep subwavelength manipulation of THz waves by plasmonic surface
Authors: Guo Baoshan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Deep subwavelength manipulation of terahertz (THz) wave is a key method to realize compact on chip THz devices. It is demonstrated that the refractive index change in a deep subwavelength region of a dielectric layer can effectively manipulate the surface THz wave propagation by the simulation study. The feature size of this area is only 10 μm (∼1/8 λ). A slight change of refractive index, position or size of this region is enough to manipulate the surface THz waves with high efficiency, such as the transmissivity or reflectivity of different THz frequencies. Moreover, the change of the deep subwavelength region can be controlled by an ultrafast laser to achieve ultrafast dynamic manipulation of THz waves. This is a concise and efficient method of manipulating electromagnetic waves on the deep subwavelength scale and to fabricate more compact integrated optical devices.
Hg adatoms on graphene: A first-principles study
Authors: Fenta A S , Amorim C O , Gonçalves J N , Fortunato N , Barbosa M B , Araujo J P , Houssa M , Cottenier S , Van Bael M J , Correia J G , Amaral V S , Pereira L M C 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The interest in understanding the interaction between graphene and atoms that are adsorbed on its surface (adatoms) spans a wide range of research fields and applications, for example, to controllably change the properties of graphene in electronic devices or to detect those changes in graphene-based sensors. We present a density functional theory study of the interaction between graphene and Hg adatoms. Binding energy, electronic structure and electric field gradient (EFG) were calculated for various high-symmetry atomic configurations, from isolated adatoms to a continuous Hg monolayer. Hg as isolated adatom was found to be the most stable configuration, with a binding energy of 188 meV. Whereas isolated adatoms have a minor effect on the electronic structure of graphene (small acceptor effect), Hg monolayer configurations induce a metallic state, with the Fermi level moving well above the Dirac point (donor behavior). Based on the EFG calculated for the various configurations, we discuss how hyperfine techniques (perturbed angular correlation spectroscopy, in particular) can be used to experimentally study Hg adsorption on graphene.
Impact of hot electrons on optical excitation of terahertz radiation by beating of supergaussian lasers in electron-positron collisional plasma
Authors: Divya S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The mechanism of generation of terahertz (THz) radiation with beating of two supergausssian lasers in corrugated density plasma containing hot electron-positron (e-p) is revisited. Resonance condition for optical excitation of THz emission is reported to be modified due to finite temperature of plasma species (electrons-positrons to the few order keV range) in the presence of weak collisions. The collision frequency is optimized to the range ν ≤ 0.5ω

p
in the e-p plasma depending on the temperature and collisional rates. The effect of electron temperature, collision frequency and suitability of supergaussian laser is investigated on phase modulation to achieve highest emitted THz field with 6% efficiency of the mechanism.
Transverse strain measurements in polymer-embedded, polarization-maintaining Fiber Bragg Gratings
Authors: Gouws Andre , Ford Kurtis R , Jones Brad H 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) have numerous advantages over traditional foil strain gages, most notably in that they can be embedded in host materials and used to evaluate local deformation. Among the wide variety of grating architectures that have been studied, FBGs inscribed in polarization-maintaining (PM) or other birefringent fibers provide a unique, quantifiable response to strain transverse to the fiber axis. In this work, we show that a PM FBG can accurately predict the asymmetry in transverse strain of a host material in embedded configurations. We do this by diametrically loading an epoxy cylinder that has a uniform PM FBG embedded in the center. We use elasticity and finite element modeling (FEM) to correlate the mechanical response of an embedded fiber with that of the host. An analytical solution of the nominal relationship between Bragg wavelength and strain is included for this loading condition.
Automated multi-layer optical design via deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Wang Haozhu , Zheng Zeyu , Ji Chengang , Jay Guo L 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Optical multi-layer thin films are widely used in optical and energy applications requiring photonic designs. Engineers often design such structures based on their physical intuition. However, solely relying on human experts can be time-consuming and may lead to sub-optimal designs, especially when the design space is large. In this work, we frame the multi-layer optical design task as a sequence generation problem. A deep sequence generation network is proposed for efficiently generating optical layer sequences. We train the deep sequence generation network with proximal policy optimization to generate multi-layer structures with desired properties. The proposed method is applied to two energy applications. Our algorithm successfully discovered high-performance designs, outperforming structures designed by human experts in task 1, and a state-of-the-art memetic algorithm in task 2.
Assessment of antibacterial and anticancer capability of silver nanoparticles extracellularly biosynthesized using Aspergillus terreus
Authors: Kumari R Mankamna , Kumar Vikram , Kumar Manish , Pareek Nidhi , Nimesh Surendra 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The present study explores biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) employing extracellular extract of Aspergillus terreus ITCC 9932.15. Modulation of various variables that dictate the biosynthesis of AgNPs, suggested of optimal AgNPs synthesis using AgNO3, 1 mM at pH 8 and temperature, 35 °C. The biosynthesis of AgNPs was observed to be time dependent with incremental particle synthesis till 24 h. Various studies were undertaken to authenticate formation and characterization of AgNPs for size, crystallinity and biomolecules involved. A sharp SPR peak observed at 420 nm in the UV–vis absorption spectra validated synthesis of nanoparticles. These particles exhibited spherical morphology with size ∼25 nm and −16 mV of zeta potential. Further, the existence of proteins and other biomolecules onto the surface of AgNPs was confirmed with FTIR studies. The SAED pattern investigated by employing TEM authenticated the crystallinity of AgNPs. The AgNPs also exhibited potential antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa). In addition, remarkable anticancer activity was obtained in breast cancer cell line (MCF-7).