bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rise and fall of photosynthesis: hormetic dose response in plants
Authors: Agathokleous Evgenios 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe recent recognition that low doses of herbicides, human and veterinary antibiotics, metallic elements, micro/nano-plastics, and various other types of environmental pollutants widely enhance chlorophylls in the framework of hormesis created the need to further evaluate the response of photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange to low doses of stresses. An analysis of about 370 values of maximum stimulatory response (MAX; percentage of control response, %) of chlorophylls in higher plants, algae and duckweeds, and other photosynthesizing organisms, mined from published literatures, revealed a greater MAX for higher plants (median = 139.2%) compared to algae and duckweeds (median = 119.6%). However, an analysis of about 50 mined values of MAX of carotenoids revealed no significant difference in the median MAX between higher plants (median = 133.0%) and algae-duckweeds (median = 138.1%). About 70 mined values of MAX were also concentrated for photosynthetic rate (median MAX = 129.2%) and stomatal conductance (median MAX = 124.7%) in higher plants. Within higher plants, there was no significant difference in the median MAX among chlorophylls, carotenoids, photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the median MAX between chlorophylls and carotenoids of pooled algae and duckweeds. The results suggest that the MAX is typically below 160% and as a rule below 200% of control response, and does not differ among chlorophylls, carotenoids, photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance. New research programs with improved experimental designs, in terms of number and spacing of doses within the “low-dose zone” of the hormetic dose–response relationship, are needed to study the molecular/genetic mechanisms underpinning the low-dose stimulation of photosynthesis and its ecological implications.
Finite-element-analysis of the mechanical behavior of high-frequency litz wire in flat coil winding
Authors: Weigelt Michael , Thoma Cornelius , Zheng Erdong , Franke Joerg 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNumerous applications of daily life use flat coils, e.g. in the automotive area, in solar technology and in modern kitchens. One common property that all these applications share, is a flat coil made of high-frequency (HF) litz wires. The coil layout and the properties of the HF litz wire influence the winding process and the efficiency of the application. As a result, the HF litz wire must meet the complex technical requirements of the winding process and of the preferred mechanical, electromagnetic and thermal properties of the HF litz wire itself. Therefore, a reasonable configuration and optimization of HF litz wire has been developed with the help of a finite-element-analysis (FEA). In this work, it is first shown that the mechanical behavior of HF litz wire under tensile and bending stress can be simulated. Since the computational effort for modelling an HF litz wire at the single conductor level is hardly manageable, a suitable modelling strategy is developed and applied using geometric analogous models (GAM). By using such a model, HF litz wires can be designed for the specific application and their behavior in a winding process can be predicted.
Occupational risk of exposure to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the quality of infection hygiene in nursing homes
Authors: Rasmussen Pil Uthaug , Uhrbrand Katrine , Bartels Mette Damkjær , Neustrup Helle , Karottki Dorina Gabriela , Bültmann Ute , Madsen Anne Mette 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMethicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is an increasing health concern across the globe and is often prevalent at long-term care facilities, such as nursing homes. However, we know little of whether nursing home staff is exposed to MRSA via air and surfaces. We investigated whether staff members at nursing homes are colonised with and exposed to culturable MRSA, and assessed staff members’ self-reported knowledge of MRSA and compliance with infection hygiene guidelines. Five nursing homes with MRSA positive residents were visited in Copenhagen, Denmark. Personal bioaerosol exposure samples and environmental samples from surfaces, sedimented dust and bioaerosols were examined for MRSA and methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(MSSA) to determine occupational exposure. Swabs were taken from staffs’ nose, throat, and hands to determine whether they were colonised with MRSA. An online questionnaire about MRSA and infection control was distributed. No staff members were colonised with MRSA, but MRSA was detected in the rooms of the colonised residents in two out of the five nursing homes. MRSA was observed in air (n=4 out of 42, ranging from 2.9–7.9 CFU/m3), sedimented dust (n= 1 out of 58, 1.1 × 103CFU/m2/d), and on surfaces (n= 9 out of 113, 0.04–70.8 CFU/m2). The questionnaire revealed that half of the staff members worry about spreading MRSA to others. Identified aspects for improvement were improved availability and use of protective equipment, not transferring cleaning supplies (e.g., vacuum cleaners) between residents’ rooms and to reduce worry of MRSA, e.g., through education.
High-solid anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge: achievements and perspectives
Authors: Xu Ying , Gong Hui , Dai Xiaohu 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigh-solid anaerobic digestion (HS-AD) has been applied extensively during the last few decades for treating various organic wastes, such as agricultural wastes, organic fractions of municipal solid wastes, and kitchen wastes. However, the application of HS-AD to the processing of sewage sludge (SS) remains limited, which is largely attributable to its poor process stability and performance. Extensive research has been conducted to attempt to surmount these limitations. In this review, the main factors affecting process stability and performance in the HS-AD of SS are comprehensively reviewed, and the improved methods in current use, such as HS sludge pre-treatment and anaerobic co-digestion with other organic wastes, are summarised. Besides, this paper also discusses the characteristics of substance transformation in the HS-AD of SS with and without thermal pre-treatment. Research has shown that the HS effect is due to the presence of high concentrations of substances that may inhibit the function of anaerobic microorganisms, and that it also results in poor mass transfer, a low diffusion coefficient, and high viscosity. Finally, knowledge gaps in the current research on HS-AD of SS are identified. Based on these, it proposes that future efforts should be devoted to standardising the definition of HS sludge, revealing the law of migration and transformation of pollutants, describing the metabolic pathways by which specific substances are degraded, and establishing accurate mathematical models. Moreover, developing green sludge dewatering agents, obtaining high value-added products, and revealing effects of the above two on HS-AD of SS can also be considered in future.
Public transport network optimisation in PTV Visum using selection hyper-heuristics
Authors: Heyken Soares Philipp , Ahmed Leena , Mao Yong , Mumford Christine L 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDespite the progress in the field of automatic public transport route optimisation in recent years, there exists a clear gap between the development of optimisation algorithms and their applications in real-world planning processes. In this study, we bridge this gap by developing an interface between the urban transit routing problem (UTRP) and the professional transport modelling software PTV Visum. The interface manages the differences in data requirements between the two worlds of research and allows the optimisation of public transport lines in Visum network models. This is demonstrated with the application of selection hyper-heuristics on two network models representing real-world urban areas. The optimisation objectives include the passengers’ average travel time and operators’ costs. Furthermore, we show how our approach can be combined with a mode choice model to optimise the use of public transport in relation to other modes. This feature is applied in a special optimisation experiment to reduce the number of private vehicles on a selected set of links in the network. The results demonstrate the successful implementation of our interface and the applied optimisation methods for a multi-modal public transport network.
Communicative interventions for collective action in the management of potato late blight: evidence from a framed field game experiment in Ethiopia
Authors: Damtew Elias , Leeuwis Cees , Struik Paul C , Cecchi Francesco , van Mierlo Barbara , Lie Rico , Lemaga Berga , Cieslik Katarzyna 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPotato late blight remains a threat to food security and livelihood of millions of people in Ethiopia. Despite a rapid dispersal of the disease pathogen and farmers’ interdependency in managing it, the literature on agricultural extension and communication tends to frame the disease and its management as a problem of the individual farmer. This study appreciates late blight as a collective action problem whose management requires a corresponding re-configuration in information sharing and communicative practices. We employ a framed field game experiment with a mixed quantitative and qualitative method to explore how and to what extent different types and combinations of communicative interventions affect collective action in the management of the disease among farmers in Ethiopia. Interestingly, our quantitative findings revealed that the provision of technical information about interdependency involved in the management of the disease and social monitoring information about the management practices of other farmers negatively affected collective action. However, collective action performance significantly improved when farmers were given the opportunity to interactively communicate about their management strategies. Further qualitative investigation sheds light on how farmers used and made sense of the different communicative interventions to inform and adjust their individual decisions, coordinate collective strategies, pressure free-riders, and develop a shared identity. It is concluded that interventions that mainly promote the provision of technical and social information can be counterproductive in managing collective action problems such as late blight unless it is complemented with interactive communication and deliberation processes.
A sewer overflow mitigation during festival and rainfall periods: case study of Karbala
Authors: Alisawi Hussein Abed Obaid 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe objective of the present study to assess the performance of a suggested sewer line by using pipe jacking system (PJS) in order to enhance the sewage capacity and mitigate sewer flooding of historic pilgrimage city of Karbala, Iraq. The storm water management model (SWMM5) was used for this purpose. The simulation of exiting sewer system reveals that sewer discharge during peak pilgrimage period is more than 200% of the capacity of existing sewer line. Installation of SLL having a diameter of 2.5 m at a depth ranging between 12 and 22 m by PJS can reduce water depth in sewer pipe by 78%. The reduction of water depth at sewer pipe can reduce sewer overflow up to 70%, if the system is installed and managed properly. The methodology proposed in the paper can be applied in any location having similar problem with necessary modifications.
Unexpected surfaces singular on lines in $${\mathbb {P}}^{3}$$
Authors: Dumnicki Marcin , Harbourne Brian , Roé Joaquim , Szemberg Tomasz , Tutaj-Gasińska Halszka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe study linear systems of surfaces in$${\mathbb {P}}^3$$P3singular along general lines. Our purpose is to identify and classify special systems of such surfaces, i.e., those non-empty systems where the conditions imposed by the multiple lines are not independent. We prove the existence of four surfaces arising as (projective) linear systems with a single reduced member. Till now no such examples have been known. These are unexpected surfaces in the sense of recent work of Cook II, Harbourne, Migliore, and Nagel. It is an open problem if our list is complete, i.e., if it contains all reduced and irreducible unexpected surfaces based on lines in$${\mathbb {P}}^3$$P3. As an application we find Waldschmidt constants of six general lines in$${\mathbb {P}}^3$$P3and an upper bound for this invariant for seven general lines.
Vindication, virtue, and vitriol
Authors: Farrell Tracie , Gorrell Genevieve , Bontcheva Kalina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 has given rise to a lot of malicious content online, including hate speech, online abuse, and misinformation. British MPs have also received abuse and hate on social media during this time. To understand and contextualise the level of abuse MPs receive, we consider how ministers use social media to communicate about the pandemic, and the citizen engagement that this generates. The focus of the paper is on a large-scale, mixed-methods study of abusive and antagonistic responses to UK politicians on Twitter, during the pandemic from early February to late May 2020. We find that pressing subjects such as financial concerns attract high levels of engagement, but not necessarily abusive dialogue. Rather, criticising authorities appears to attract higher levels of abuse during this period of the pandemic. In addition, communicating about subjects like racism and inequality may result in accusations of virtue signalling or pandering by some users. This work contributes to the wider understanding of abusive language online, in particular that which is directed at public officials.
Treatment of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion with Concomitant Partially Thrombosed Aneurysm: a Case Report
Authors: Klapp Oliger Michel , Hauser Till-Karsten , Strauss Franz-Josef , Ernemann Ulrike 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA 68-year-old female with an acute ischemic stroke demanding emergency thrombectomy which was complicated by the presence of an intracranial aneurysm. Computer tomography revealed the occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery with a distal non-ruptured partially thrombosed aneurysm. The treatment consisted in the administration of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and the removal of the proximal thrombus via direct aspiration in order to prevent perforation of the distal aneurysm. After the procedure, the clinical symptoms improved significantly indicated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The aim of the present case report is, therefore, to suggest a clinical approach to help physicians in the decision-making process for early and safe revascularization in patients with ischemic stroke and intracranial aneurysms.
Spatio-temporal graph convolutional neural network for remaining useful life estimation of aircraft engines
Authors: Wang Mengni , Li Yuanxiang , Zhang Yuxuan , Jia Lei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAccurate remaining useful life (RUL) estimation is crucial for the maintenance of complex systems, e.g. aircraft engines. Thanks to the popularity of sensors, data-driven methods are widely used to evaluate RULs of systems especially deep learning approaches. Though remarkably capable at non-linear modeling, deep learning-based prognostics techniques lack powerful spatio-temporal learning ability. For instance, convolutional neural networks are restricted to only process grid structures rather than general domains, recurrent neural networks neglect spatial relations between sensors and suffer from long-term dependency learning. To solve these problems, we construct a graph structure on sensor network with Pearson Correlation Coefficients among sensors and propose a method for combining the power of graph convolutional network on spatial learning and sequence learning success of temporal convolutional networks. We conduct the proposed method on aircraft engine dataset provided by NASA. The experimental results demonstrate that the established graph structure is appropriate and the proposed approach can model spatio-temporal dependency accurately as well as improve the performance of RUL estimation.
„Und ich fand es am Anfang auch schwierig, mich in der Rolle vorzustellen“ – Sportagent*innen zwischen Ganztagsschule und Sportverein
Authors: Braun Sebastian , Albert Katrin 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungIm Zuge des strukturellen Wandels organisierter Bildung in Deutschland wird in der Ganztagsschule das außerunterrichtliche sportbezogene Nachmittagsangebot vielfach in Kooperation mit lokalen Sportvereinen bereitgestellt. Trotz der Relevanz dieser Kooperation liegen über die entsprechenden Koordinationsinstanzen kaum empirische Erkenntnisse vor. In diesen Kontext lässt sich die Sozialfigur der*des Sportagent*in einordnen, die*der in einem Pilotprojekt in Ganztagsschulen implementiert und erprobt wurde. Auf Basis empirischer Befunde der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung konzentriert sich der Beitrag auf die Frage, wie die Sportagent*innen ihre soziale Rolle im dynamischen Handlungsfeld der Kooperation von Ganztagsschule und Sportvereinen entwarfen und ausgestalteten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Sportagent*innen ihre soziale Rolle entlang von drei zentralen Handlungsorientierungen entwarfen: als Agent*in des sport(vereins)distanzierten Kindes, der Schule mit besonderem Unterstützungsbedarf und eines bildungszielorientierten Sports. Diese Orientierungen werden dargestellt und im Lichte der Rolle einer Koordinationsinstanz zwischen Ganztagsschule und Sportverein interpretiert.
Bewegte Lebenswelten – Einblicke in Raum- und Bewegungserleben in Ganztagsschulen aus Sicht von Kindern
Authors: Gumz Heike 
Published: November 2020

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund des flächendeckenden Ausbaus ganztägiger Bildungsangebote als einem der größten bildungspolitischen Reformprojekte in Deutschland und des Diskurses zur Institutionalisierung von Kindheit bestand das Ziel der diesem Beitrag zugrundeliegenden Studie darin, mit einem partizipativ ausgerichteten Mixed-Methods-Design die Perspektive der Kinder auf Ganztagsschule als ihren Lebensort zu beleuchten. Mit einer aneignungstheoretischen Perspektive auf das Erleben von Raum und Bewegung in vorwiegend informellen Settings der Bildung und des Lernens werden die Ergebnisse eingeordnet in die mit der Einführung von Ganztag verbundenen Erwartungen insgesamt sowie die Sport und Bewegung zugeschriebene Relevanz insbesondere – sowohl in ihrer Perspektive auf das Individuum, im Hinblick auf eine Veränderung von Bildung und die Verbesserung von Schulqualität als auch in ihrer gesellschaftlichen Ausrichtung. Auf dieser Basis werden konzeptionelle Implikationen für die involvierten Akteure abgeleitet und die Erkenntnisse insbesondere auch in ungleichheitssensibler Perspektive gerahmt.
Trans Rights Are Not Just Human Rights: Legal Strategies for Trans Justice
Authors: Singer Samuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHuman rights instruments are but one of many legal advocacy tools used by trans people. Recent legal scholarship emphasizes that human rights laws are not sufficient to address legal challenges facing trans people, particularly intersectional and systemic barriers. This article looks to Canadian trans case law outside of human rights law to reveal the many instances in which trans people’s fight for legal recognition and redress occur outside of the human rights arena. It focuses on trans case law in three areas: family law, the use of name and gender in court, and access to social benefits. Canadian trans jurisprudence illustrates that not only are trans legal strategies outside of human rights plentiful and effective, they are also imperative. An agile and pragmatic approach to trans rights is necessary, particularly when minority rights are under threat, and for trans people on the margins of trans law reforms.
Investigating the impact of a β-lactam allergy label on preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis administration
Authors: Nguyen Cynthia T. , Petrucci Kerilyn , Daily Ellen , Brown Amanda M. , Pettit Natasha N. , Pisano Jennifer 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common postprocedure complication that may be prevented by adhering to established recommendations, including administration of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Patients with a β-lactam allergy (BLA) label have an increased risk of SSI. We sought to evaluate the appropriateness of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in patients labeled with a BLA compared those without a BLA.Methods:This was a single-center, retrospective, matched cohort study of adult patients who underwent a clean or clean-contaminated knee replacement, abdominal hysterectomy, colorectal surgery, or coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Patients with a BLA label were matched to patients without a BLA label based on procedure, age, and body mass index (BMI). The primary end point was the rate of appropriate preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, including antibiotic selection and timing prior to incision.Results:In total, 260 patients were included. Knee replacement (38%) was the most common procedure, followed by abdominal hysterectomy (25%), colorectal surgery (18%), and CABG (18%). Appropriate preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis was higher among patients without a BLA (76% vs 37%; P < .001). Among patients with a mild-to-moderate reaction or intolerance, 29 (53%) received antibiotics that would have been appropriate only if the patient had had a severe BLA. Patients with a BLA were more likely to have had an antibiotic omitted from the prophylactic regimen (44% vs 4%; P < .001).Conclusion:Patients with a BLA were more likely to receive inappropriate preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, attributed to misinterpretation of BLA labels and antibiotic omissions. Optimizing antibiotic prophylaxis among patients with BLAs remains an area of opportunity to prevent SSIs.
Association between nutrition labelling awareness and the metabolic syndrome: results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016–2018
Authors: Hyeon Cho Ha , Woong Lee Doo , Hahm Myung-Il 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHealthy dietary habits reduce the likelihood for the metabolic syndrome (MS). The present study investigated whether awareness of nutrition information is associated with a decreased likelihood for the MS after adjusting for potential confounders among Korean adults aged 20 years and older. Data were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018. Of the 14 490 participants, 4001 (27·6 %) participants had the MS. In total, 3815 (26·3 %) participants checked nutritional facts and made labelling-dependent purchasing decisions (aware + consider), 7001 (48·3 %) checked nutritional facts but did not make labelling-dependent purchasing decisions or were aware of nutrition facts but did not check them when making food purchasing decisions (aware + not consider) and 3674 (25·4 %) were unaware of nutritional facts (not aware). The aware + consider group was less likely to develop the MS than other groups. The aware + not consider, and not aware groups were at higher association with the MS compared with the aware + consider group. Statistically significant associations were observed between the MS and several demographic characteristics including sex, age, household income, education level, employment status, public health insurance status, smoking status, alcohol consumption and aerobic exercise.