bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and use of a toolkit to facilitate implementation of an evidence-based intervention: a descriptive case study
Authors: Thoele Kelli , Ferren Melora , Moffat Laura , Keen Alyson , Newhouse Robin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundImplementation of evidence-based clinical interventions in real-world settings becomes a futile effort when effective strategies to foster adoption are not used. A toolkit, or a collection of adaptable documents to inform and facilitate implementation, can increase the use of evidence-based interventions. Most available toolkits provide resources about the intervention but lack guidance for adaptation to different contexts or strategies to support implementation. This paper describes the development and use of a toolkit to guide the implementation of an evidence-based intervention to identify and intervene for people with risky substance use.MethodsA descriptive case study describes the development and use of a toolkit throughout a two-year study. Investigators and site coordinators from 14 acute care hospitals developed tools and engaged external stakeholders as they prepared for implementation, integrated the clinical intervention into practice, and reflected on implementation.ResultsThe final toolkit included 54 different tools selected or created to define the intervention, engage and communicate with stakeholders, assess for readiness and plan for implementation, train clinical nurses and other stakeholders, evaluate training and implementation effectiveness, create policies and procedures for different contexts, and identify opportunities for reimbursement. Each tool corresponds to one or more implementation strategies.ConclusionThe approach used to develop this implementation toolkit may be used to create resources for the implementation of other evidence-based interventions.
Effect of an oscillating time-dependent pressure gradient on Dean flow: transient solution
Authors: Jha Basant K. , Gambo Dauda 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Navier-Stokes and continuity equations are utilized to simulate fully developed laminar Dean flow with an oscillating time-dependent pressure gradient. These equations are solved analytically with the appropriate boundary and initial conditions in terms of Laplace domain and inverted to time domain using a numerical inversion technique known as Riemann-Sum Approximation (RSA). The flow is assumed to be triggered by the applied circumferential pressure gradient (azimuthal pressure gradient) and the oscillating time-dependent pressure gradient. The influence of the various flow parameters on the flow formation are depicted graphically. Comparisons with previously established result has been made as a limit case when the frequency of the oscillation is taken as 0 (ω = 0).

Results
It was revealed that maintaining the frequency of oscillation, the velocity and skin frictions can be made increasing functions of time. An increasing frequency of the oscillating time-dependent pressure gradient and relatively a small amount of time is desirable for a decreasing velocity and skin frictions. The fluid vorticity decreases with further distance towards the outer cylinder as time passes.

Conclusion
Findings confirm that increasing the frequency of oscillation weakens the fluid velocity and the drag on both walls of the cylinders.
Identifying gas chimneys in gas fields of the West Siberian petroleum basin via geophysical and drilling data
Authors: Zagorovsky Yuri 
Published: October 2020

There are many push-down seismic anomalies (gas chimneys or pipes with a diameter of 12–15 km) in natural gas fields in the northern part of the West Siberian basin (Urengoy, Yamburg, Zapolyarnoye, Kharasavey, Yurkharovskoye, etc.). This effect is common in gas-saturated sands. The amplitude of push-downs in West Siberian fields is approximately 300–400 ms from the horizontal surface. Using well data, we have measured how much the velocity of seismic waves decreases and study the hydrocarbon presence, fluid pressure, and other information to gain a better understanding of the cause of this effect. Several wells were drilled in three different gas chimneys. All of the wells in the gas chimneys discovered vertical columnar gas deposits in Jurassic and Cretaceous terrigenous formations. Well data from the Yurkharovskoye gas field show that seismic wave velocity in the gas chimney is 40% less than that outside this object. The wells in the gas chimneys show that formation pressure in the Neocomian and Jurassic formations is 80–90 MPa, which is approximately lithostatic pressure, so high-pressured gas in the pores begins to form cracks. There are gravity anomalies above many gas chimneys identified, indicating a density deficit. Transient electromagnetic sounding data from the Yurkharov gas chimney show a columnar zone of increased electrical resistance, as in gas-saturated formations. To explain all of these observations, we suppose that the West Siberian gas chimneys (pipes) are currently active channels for the vertical migration of high-pressured hydrocarbon gases (mainly methane), forming columnar gas-saturated zones. We think that the crucial cause of push-down seismic velocity anomalies is overpressure (approximately lithostatic). We predict that some new gas fields can be related to the gas chimneys at Gydan Peninsula and in Kara Sea. Many new deep gas deposits can be found in old gas fields with gas chimneys such as Urengoy and Yamburg.
Randomized Trial of Afatinib Plus Cetuximab Versus Afatinib Alone for First-Line Treatment of EGFR-Mutant Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Final Results From SWOG S1403
Authors: Goldberg Sarah B. , Redman Mary W. , Lilenbaum Rogerio , Politi Katerina , Stinchcombe Thomas E. , Horn Leora , Chen Everett H. , Mashru Sandeep H. , Gettinger Scott N. , Melnick Mary Ann , Herbst Roy S. , Baumgart Megan A. , Miao Jieling , Moon James , Kelly Karen , Gandara David R. 
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE The irreversible ErbB family tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) afatinib plus the EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab was previously shown to overcome resistance to EGFR TKIs. We studied whether the combination of afatinib plus cetuximab compared with afatinib alone would improve progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with treatment-naive EGFR-mutant non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by preventing or delaying resistance. METHODS Patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC without prior treatment of advanced disease were enrolled in this phase II, multicenter trial and randomly assigned to receive afatinib 40 mg orally daily plus cetuximab 500 mg/m2 intravenously every 2 weeks or afatinib alone. The primary end point was PFS. RESULTS Between March 25, 2015 and April 23, 2018, 174 patients were randomly assigned, and 168 (83 on afatinib + cetuximab and 85 on afatinib) were eligible. There was no improvement in PFS in patients receiving afatinib plus cetuximab compared with afatinib alone (hazard ratio [HR], 1.01; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.43; P = .94; median, 11.9 months v 13.4 months). Similarly, there was no difference in response rate (67% v 74%; P = .38) or overall survival (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.50 to 1.36; P = .44). Toxicity was greater with the combination: grade ≥ 3 adverse events related to treatment occurred in 72% of patients receiving afatinib plus cetuximab compared with 40% of those receiving afatinib alone, most commonly rash and diarrhea. Dose reductions were more common in patients receiving the combination, and 30% of patients in this arm discontinued cetuximab due to toxicity. At interim analysis, there was insufficient evidence to support continued accrual, and the trial was closed. CONCLUSIONS The addition of cetuximab to afatinib did not improve outcomes in previously untreated EGFR-mutant NSCLC, despite recognized activity in the acquired resistance setting.
Imbalanced cellular metabolism compromises cartilage homeostasis and joint function in a mouse model of mucolipidosis type III gamma
Authors: Westermann Lena Marie , Fleischhauer Lutz , Vogel Jonas , Jenei-Lanzl Zsuzsa , Ludwig Nataniel Floriano , Schau Lynn , Morellini Fabio , Baranowsky Anke , Yorgan Timur A. , Di Lorenzo Giorgia , Schweizer Michaela , de Souza Pinheiro Bruna , Guarany Nicole Ruas , Sperb-Ludwig Fernanda , Visioli Fernanda , Oliveira Silva Thiago , Soul Jamie , Hendrickx Gretl , Wiegert J. Simon , Schwartz Ida V. D. , Clausen-Schaumann Hauke , Zaucke Frank , Schinke Thorsten , Pohl Sandra , Danyukova Tatyana 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Mucolipidosis type III (MLIII) gamma is a rare inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in GNPTG encoding the γ-subunit of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase, the key enzyme ensuring proper intracellular location of multiple lysosomal enzymes. Patients with MLIII gamma typically present with osteoarthritis and joint stiffness, suggesting cartilage involvement. Using Gnptg knockout (Gnptgko) mice as a model of the human disease, we showed that missorting of a number of lysosomal enzymes is associated with intracellular accumulation of chondroitin sulfate in Gnptgko chondrocytes and their impaired differentiation, as well as with altered microstructure of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM). We also demonstrated distinct functional and structural properties of the Achilles tendons isolated from Gnptgko and Gnptab knock-in (Gnptabki) mice, the latter displaying a more severe phenotype resembling mucolipidosis type II (MLII) in humans. Together with comparative analyses of joint mobility in MLII and MLIII patients, these findings provide a basis for better understanding of the molecular reasons leading to joint pathology in these patients. Our data suggest that lack of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase activity due to defects in the γ-subunit causes structural changes within the ECM of connective and mechanosensitive tissues, such as cartilage and tendon, and eventually results in functional joint abnormalities typically observed in MLIII gamma patients. This idea was supported by a deficit of the limb motor function in Gnptgko mice challenged on a rotarod under fatigue-associated conditions, suggesting that the impaired motor performance of Gnptgko mice was caused by fatigue and/or pain at the joint.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Increase in public interest concerning alternative medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: a Google Trends study
Authors: Rokhmah Dewi , Ali Khaidar , Putri Serius Miliyani Dwi , Khoiron Khoiron 
Published: October 2020

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered individuals to increase their healthy behaviour in order to prevent transmission, including improving their immunity potentially through the use of alternative medicines. This study aimed to examine public interest on alternative medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic using Google Trends in Indonesia. Methods: Employing a quantitative study, the Spearman rank test was used to analyze the correlation between Google Relative Search Volume (RSV) of various search terms, within the categories of alternative medicine, herbal medicine and practical activity, with COVID-19 cases. In addition, time lag correlation was also investigated. Results: Public interest toward alternative medicine during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia is dramatically escalating. All search term categories (alternative medicine, medical herbal, and alternative medicine activities) were positively associated with COVID-19 cases (p<0.05). The terms ‘ginger’ (r=0.6376), ‘curcumin’ (r=0.6550) and ‘planting ginger’ (0.6713) had the strongest correlation. Furthermore, time lag correlation between COVID-19 and Google RSV was also positively significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Public interest concerning alternative medicine related terms dramatically increased after the first COVID-19 confirmed case was reported in Indonesia. Time lag correlation showed good performance using weekly data. The Indonesian Government will play an important role to provide and monitor information related to alternative medicine in order for the population to receive the maximum benefit.
Could malaria explain the global distribution of the angiotensin converting enzyme I/D polymorphism? A systematic review and ecological study
Authors: Kenyon Chris , Rosanas Anna 
Published: October 2020

Background: The D-allele of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE1) has been linked to an increased risk of certain diseases including hypertension and COVID-19 but a decreased risk of cerebral malaria. We hypothesized that malaria played a role in determining variations in the global distribution of ACE1 I/D polymorphism. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to summarize the frequency of ID/DD genotypes in all countries with available data. Results: The ID/DD genotype frequency was found to be highest in Africa (86.4%, IQR 83.6-94.7%) and Eastern Mediterranean (median 84.5%, IQR 78.3-89.8%) and lowest in South East Asia (55%, 49.5-67.8%) and Western Pacific (61.1%, IQR 55.0-67.2%). Linear regression revealed positive associations between ID/DD genotype frequency and the incidence of malaria, malaria mortality as well as hemoglobin S allele frequency (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings are compatible with the hypothesis that malaria played a role in establishing the differential frequency of the D-allele.
Bioinformatic study to discover natural molecules with activity against COVID-19
Authors: Singh Sweta , Florez Hector 
Published: October 2020

Background: In 2020, the world has struggled to deal with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which started in 2019 in China and has spread throughout the globe, affecting at least 31,175,835 humans globally and claiming 962,634 lives reported till 22nd September, 2020 by the World Health Organization. The main causative agent for this disease is known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). So far, there is no cure or proven therapeutics available till date. Therefore, we undertook this study to ﬁnd the most probable drug candidate through a bioinformatics study. Methods: Thus, we virtually screened the Zinc natural database using HTVS tool through molecular docking studies to analyze molecules recommended for the treatment of COVID-19. Results: Ramipril benzyl ester, propafenone dimer and Lariciresinol are three important drugs found from the present study due to their medicinal application which could be helpful in treating the disease. Stylopine, quillaic acid, cinobufagin, vitisinol C, segetalin A, scopolamine, 3-oxo glycyrrhetinic acid, conchinone B, lactimidomycin and cardinalins 4 are the other lead molecules that could be used as therapeutics against COVID-19 disease. Conclusions: The studied molecules could act as an effective inhibitory drug against COVID-19.
“We’ll Always Have Paris”: Out-of-Country Buyers in the Housing Market
Authors: Cvijanović Dragana , Spaenjers Christophe 
Published: October 2020

Previous research has shown that nonlocal household investors make suboptimal asset selection and market timing decisions. However, in real estate markets, heterogeneity in returns can exist even with identical ex ante investment (timing) choices, given that transaction prices are the outcome of a complex search-and-bargaining process. Analyzing notarial data for the Paris housing market, we find that “out-of-country” buyers indeed buy at higher prices and resell at substantially lower prices than do local investors, ceteris paribus. Furthermore, our evidence suggests that this pattern is not due to higher search costs and information asymmetries but instead stems from wealth-related differences in bargaining intensity. Finally, we estimate the causal effect of out-of-country demand shocks on property prices in Paris to be positive but small. This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance.
The Price of the Smile and Variance Risk Premia
Authors: Gruber Peter H. , Tebaldi Claudio , Trojani Fabio 
Published: October 2020

Using a new specification of multifactor volatility, we estimate the hidden risk factors spanning S&P 500 index (SPX) implied volatility surfaces and the risk premia of volatility-sensitive payoffs. SPX implied volatility surfaces are well-explained by three dependent state variables reflecting (i) short- and long-term implied volatility risks and (ii) short-term implied skewness risk. The more persistent volatility factor and the skewness factor support a downward sloping term structure of variance risk premia in normal times, whereas the most transient volatility factor accounts for an upward sloping term structure in periods of distress. Our volatility specification based on a matrix state process is instrumental to obtaining a tractable and flexible model for the joint dynamics of returns and volatilities, which improves pricing performance and risk premium modeling with respect to recent three-factor specifications based on standard state spaces. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Do First Impressions Last? The Impact of Initial Assessments and Subsequent Performance on Promotion Decisions
Authors: Black Dirk E. , Vance Marshall D. 
Published: October 2020

This paper examines whether and for how long managers’ initial assessments of employee ability influence promotion decisions. Using archival data from minor league professional baseball, we find that, controlling for performance, initial assessments are associated with promotion decisions for at least six years after the initial assessments were made. We also find that initial assessments are positively associated with future performance at the outset of a player’s career, but the association becomes insignificant after a player accumulates on-the-job experience. We show that the weight on initial assessments for promotion decisions declines as additional on-the-job performance signals are observed, reflecting the declining relative informativeness of initial assessments about future ability. We construct a proxy for relative informativeness based on coefficients from regressions of future performance on initial assessments and observed performance. When we compare the implied relative weight on initial assessments for promotion decisions to our proxy for relative informativeness, we find initial assessments receive greater relative weight than implied by informativeness overall and across experience and job-level partitions. Our results suggest managers update initial beliefs about worker ability slowly given available performance measures. This paper was accepted by Shiva Rajgopal, accounting.
Information in the Term Structure: A Forecasting Perspective
Authors: Doshi Hitesh , Jacobs Kris , Liu Rui 
Published: October 2020

The existing literature finds that information not captured by traditional term structure factors helps predict excess bond returns. When estimating no-arbitrage affine term structure models, aligning in-sample and out-of-sample objective functions results in term structure factors that capture information that remains hidden from existing approaches. Specifically, the estimates of the third term structure factor radically differ and are related to the fourth principal component, which helps forecast bond returns. The new objective function leads to substantial improvements in forecasting performance. It also results in higher model term premiums and lower expected future short rates.This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, finance.
How Pervasive Is Earnings Management? Evidence from a Structural Model
Authors: Bertomeu Jeremy , Cheynel Edwige , Li Edward Xuejun , Liang Ying 
Published: October 2020

Although researchers often view earnings management as being widespread, measuring the cost and level of earnings management is a nontrivial task. We derive a measure of earnings management cost and the associated equilibrium level of earnings management from the cross-sectional properties of earnings and prices. This approach enables us to separate economic shocks from reporting discretion by modeling the economic tradeoff faced by management. The tradeoff can be easily estimated from a closed-form likelihood function. Consistent with prior studies, the measure suggests more earnings management during seasoned equity offerings, for smaller and growing firms, as well as in industries with more irregularities. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting.
The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on orthopaedic emergency presentations in a remote and rural population
Authors: Elhalawany Ahmed S. , Beastall James , Cousins Gerard 
Published: October 2020

Aims COVID-19 remains the major focus of healthcare provision. Managing orthopaedic emergencies effectively, while at the same time protecting patients and staff, remains a challenge. We explore how the UK lockdown affected the rate, distribution, and type of orthopaedic emergency department (ED) presentations, using the same period in 2019 as reference. This article discusses considerations for the ED and trauma wards to help to maintain the safety of patients and healthcare providers with an emphasis on more remote geography. Methods The study was conducted from 23 March 2020 to 5 May 2020 during the full lockdown period (2020 group) and compared to the same time frame in 2019 (2019 group). Included are all patients who attended the ED at Raigmore Hospital during this period from both the local area and tertiary referral from throughout the UK Highlands. Data was collected and analyzed through the ED Information System (EDIS) as well as ward and theatre records. Results A total of 1,978 patients presented to the ED during the lockdown period, compared to 4,777 patients in the same timeframe in 2019; a reduction of 58.6%. Orthopaedic presentations in 2020 and 2019 were 736 (37.2%) and 1,729 (36.2%) respectively, representing a 57.4% reduction. During the lockdown, 43.6% of operations were major procedures (n = 48) and 56.4% were minor procedures (n = 62), representing a significant proportional shift. Conclusion During the COVID- 19 lockdown period there was a significant reduction in ED attendances and orthopaedic presentations compared to 2019. We also observed that there was a proportional increase in fractures in elderly patients and in minor injuries requiring surgery. These represented the majority of the orthopaedic workload during the lockdown period of 2020. Given this shift towards smaller surgical procedures, we suggest that access to a minor operating theatre in or close to ED would be desirable in the event of a second wave or future crisis.