bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safeguarding Children in South African Townships Against Child Sexual Abuse: The Voices of Our Children
Authors: Fouché Ansie , Truter Elmien , Fouché Daniel F. 
Published: January 2020

This qualitative study explored the views of children about how their township communities should change to safeguard children from child sexual abuse (CSA). In 2014, 18 North‐West University student social workers, placed at four organisations for practical work in Gauteng, South Africa, were trained to purposefully recruit participants and employ a draw‐and‐write visual research method. Ninety participants between 13 and 18 years from South African townships whose families were receiving social work services participated. Seventy‐eight participants' (males = 44.9%; females = 55.1%) drawings and narratives were analysed by means of the analytical framework method. They identified the following role players and their duties in creating safer township communities, namely: (1) community members – safeguard the environment and are committed to a changed value system where children are respected and social problems are alleviated; (2) police and security personnel – trustworthy, visible and quick to intervene; (3) families – committed and equipped to protect their children; (4) professionals – approachable and accessible to intervene; and (5) children – empowered to protect themselves and other children. Children in this study experience their environment as unsafe and expressed the need for constant protection. Social ills must be addressed in township communities and mentioned role players must honour their tasks in combatting CSA.‘This qualitative study explored the views of children about how their township communities should change to safeguard children from child sexual abuse’Key Practitioner Messages

Children living in South African townships experience their environment as an unsafe space where they need constant protection against criminals.
Effective safety measures in which the police, social workers, family and community members play a crucial role should be implemented.
Social problems such as poverty, unemployment and substance abuse need to be addressed.
Children can take proactive measures to protect themselves against CSA in partnership with key role players.
Properties and bread‐baking performance of wheat flour composited with germinated pulse flours
Authors: Setia Rashim , Dai Zhixin , Nickerson Michael T. , Sopiwnyk Elaine , Malcolmson Linda , Ai Yongfeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesGermination of pulse seeds can effectively improve the functional and nutritional properties of resultant flours for broader food applications to deliver multiple health benefits. However, there is a lack of understanding on the performance of germinated pulse flours in bakery goods, particularly in bread. This study aimed to determine the flour quality, dough properties, and baking performance of composite flours prepared by blending raw or germinated pulse flours and hard wheat flour at 10:90 and 20:80 ratios (w/w).FindingsThe incorporation of both raw and germinated yellow pea and faba bean flours reduced the starch level but increased the protein level of the flours. The inclusion of the pulse flours progressively decreased the pasting viscosities of the composite flours—with more noticeable changes being observed with the germinated samples, corresponding well with the decreases in their falling numbers. The incorporation of the raw and germinated pulse flours diminished the solvent retention capacity with 5% lactic acid and gluten performance index, and thus, the generated doughs showed shortened dough development time, poorer dough stability, and less elastic structure than the control. The breads baked from the wheat–pulse flour blends—despite the addition of 2% wheat gluten—exhibited decreased loaf volumes and smaller numbers of cells per slice but greater crumb firmness, and the use of 20% germinated pulse flours showed the most significant impact.ConclusionsThe inclusion of germinated yellow pea and faba bean flours into hard wheat flour weakened the dough structure and caused poorer bread‐baking performance.Significance and noveltyThe findings from this research greatly advanced our understanding of the roles that germinated pulse flours played in the flour and dough systems after being composited with hard wheat flour as well as their influence on the quality attributes of the baked bread products.
Successful closure of chronic recurrent Enterocutaneous fistula with a concurrent over‐the‐scope closure and a stent placement
Authors: Issak Abdulfatah , Musleh Mustafa 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGastrointestinal ulcers and perforations can occur as a complication of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Emerging endoscopic technologies can be utilized to successfully intervene perforations that fail surgical intervention. We report a case of perforated duodenal ulcer that failed surgical intervention and, however, was successfully closed with over‐the‐scope clip (OTSC) closure with concomitant placement of fully covered stent.
A giant umbilical cord: Benign finding or surgical emergency?
Authors: Mugarab Samedi Veronica , Miller Grant , Saade Edouard , Kalaniti Kaarthigeyan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCongenital urachal anomalies are usually asymptomatic. However, infection or obstruction of urachal remnant may result in serious complications. The giant umbilical cords with suspected internal communications could contain remnants and require surgical exploration. With timely recognition and surgical intervention, the outcome is generally good.
Immobilised Enzymes for Sesquiterpene Synthesis in Batch and Flow Systems
Authors: Valikhani Donya , Srivastava Prabhakar Lal , Allemann Rudolf K. , Wirth Thomas 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSesquiterpene synthases catalyse the bioconversion of farnesyl diphosphate into sesquiterpenes. The immobilisation of sesquiterpene synthases on controlled porosity glass through metal‐ion affinity binding is reported. The immobilised sesquiterpene synthases were able to maintain 50 % catalytic activity for at least 50 cycles under continuous flow conditions.
Humulene Diepoxides from the Australian Arid Zone Herb Dysphania: Assignment of Aged Hops Constituents
Authors: Tan Yuen Ping , Agnew‐Francis Kylie A. , Hofmann Julian , Savchenko Andrei I. , Lafontaine Scott R. , Boyle Glen M. , Bernhardt Paul V. , Fraser James A. , Shellhammer Thomas H. , Williams Craig M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDysphania is an abundant genus of plants, many of which are endemic to the Australian continent, occurring primarily in arid and temperate zones. Despite their prevalence, very few investigations into the phytochemistry of native Dysphania have been undertaken. Described herein, is the isolation and elucidation of two enantiomeric diastereomers of humulene diepoxide C from D. kalpari and D. rhadinostachya, of which unassigned diastereomers of humulene diepoxide C have been previously reported as components in beer brewed from aged hops. In addition, two (+)‐humulene diepoxiols (humulene diepoxiol C‐I and C‐II) were isolated from D. rhadinostachya. Analysis of Chinook hops oil confirmed the presence of both humulene diepoxide C‐I and C‐II as trace components, and in turn enabled GC‐MS peak assignment to the relative stereochemistry. Anticancer assays did not reveal any significant activity for the (+)‐humulene diepoxides. Antifungal assays showed good activity against a drug‐resistant strain of C. auris, with MIC50 values of 8.53 and 4.91 μm obtained for (+)‐humulene diepoxide C‐I and C‐II, respectively.
Highly Selective, Amine‐Derived Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Probes
Authors: Westphal Matthias V. , Sarott Roman C. , Zirwes Elisabeth A. , Osterwald Anja , Guba Wolfgang , Ullmer Christoph , Grether Uwe , Carreira Erick M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe endocannabinoid (eCB) system is implied in various human diseases ranging from central nervous system to autoimmune disorders. Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) is an integral component of the eCB system. Yet, the downstream effects elicited by this G protein‐coupled receptor upon binding of endogenous or synthetic ligands are insufficiently understood—likely due to the limited arsenal of reliable biological and chemical tools. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of CB2R‐selective cannabinoids along with their in vitro pharmacological characterization (binding and functional studies). They combine structural features of HU‐308 and AM841 to give chimeric ligands that emerge as potent CB2R agonists with high selectivity over the closely related cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R). The synthesis work includes convenient preparation of substituted resorcinols often found in cannabinoids. The utility of the synthetic cannabinoids in this study is showcased by preparation of the most selective high‐affinity fluorescent probe for CB2R to date.
Distance Matters: Effect of the Spacer Length on the Photophysical Properties of Multimodular Perylenediimide–Silicon Phthalocyanine–Fullerene Triads
Authors: Martín‐Gomis Luis , Díaz‐Puertas Rocío , Seetharaman Sairaman , Karr Paul A. , Fernández‐Lázaro Fernando , D'Souza Francis , Sastre‐Santos Ángela 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA multimodular donor–acceptor conjugate featuring silicon phthalocyanine (SiPc) as the electron donor, and two electron acceptors, namely tetrachloroperylenediimide (PDI) and C60, placed at the opposite ends of the SiPc axial positions, was newly designed and synthesized, and the results were compared to the earlier reported PDI‐SiPc‐C60 triad. Minimal intramolecular interactions between the entities was observed. Absorption, fluorescence, computational and electrochemical studies were performed to evaluate the excitation energy, geometry and electronic structure, and energy levels of different photoevents. Steady‐state absorption, fluorescence and excitation spectral studies revealed efficient singlet–singlet energy transfer from 1PDI* to SiPc in the PDI‐SiPc dyad and the PDI‐SiPc‐C60 triad. The measured rates for these photochemical events were found to be much higher than those reported earlier for the triad, due to closer proximity between the PDI and SiPc entities. The distance also affected the charge separation path in which involvement of PDI, and not C60, in charge separation in the present triad was witnessed. The present investigation brings out the importance of donor–acceptor distances in channeling photochemical events in a multimodular system.
Rational Design of Single Atomic Co in CoNx Moieties on Graphene Matrix as an Ultra‐Highly Efficient Active Site for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Shu Yasuhiro , Miyake Koji , Quílez‐Bermejo Javier , Zhu Yexin , Hirota Yuichiro , Uchida Yoshiaki , Tanaka Shunsuke , Morallón Emilia , Cazorla‐Amorós Diego , Kong Chang Yi , Nishiyama Norikazu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe sharp increase in current energy consumption needs the development of fuel cells (FCs) as one of sustainable, renewable, efficient and eco‐friendly electrochemical conversion systems of energy. The performance of electrocatalysts is crucially important for commercialization of FCs. Commercial Pt based catalysts are used due to their high catalytic activity. However, widespread commercialization is impossible because of the scarcity and poor durability of Pt based catalysts. We are on our quest to find a more stable and affordable alternative catalyst of Pt based catalysts. In particular, single‐atom catalysts supported on graphene are greatly attractive because of their unique characteristic and high catalytic activity. In this work, graphene is hydrothermally treated by sulfuric acid to introduce the ion‐exchanging sites. Then, Co2+ ion‐exchanging, 2‐methylimidazole coordination and pyrolysis process are subsequently conducted to prepare highly‐dispersed single‐atom Co species catalyst with outstanding ORR activity and durability. This work presents a new direction for a rational design of single‐atom catalyst on carbon matrix.
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease by vascular bed and impact on healthcare costs in a large, real‐world population with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Weng Wayne , Kong Sheldon X. , Ganguly Rahul , Hersloev Malene , Brett Jason , Hobbs Todd , Baeres Florian M.M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to assess prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) according to number of affected vascular beds and the impact on healthcare utilization and costs in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) and established ASCVD.MethodsIn this retrospective, cross‐sectional analysis, adults with type 2 DM and ASCVD in a large US administrative claims database were categorized by number of ASCVD‐affected vascular beds (brain, heart, peripheral vasculature). Annual healthcare utilization and costs for 2015 were determined, including subgroup analyses by age group (18‐44, 45‐64, ≥65 years).ResultsAmong 539 089 individuals with type 2 DM and ASCVD, 47.0% had ASCVD affecting >1 vascular bed. The most prevalent ASCVD diagnoses were acute coronary syndrome (26.6%), peripheral arterial disease (24.5%) and stroke (18.6%). Mean annual total healthcare costs per person increased with increasing number of vascular beds, from 1 ($17 741) to 2 ($25 877) to 3 ($33 412). A similar pattern of increased healthcare utilization with increasing number of vascular beds was observed. Among individuals with 1 affected vascular bed, mean total healthcare costs per person were comparable across age subgroups; however, if >1 vascular bed was affected, the mean total healthcare costs were highest in the youngest age cohort.ConclusionsThese real‐world data showed that almost half of individuals with type 2 DM and ASCVD had ASCVD affecting >1 vascular bed. A higher number of affected vascular beds were associated with higher mean total healthcare costs and utilization, with a disproportionate increase noted in younger relative to older people.
Extraction of protein and carbohydrates from soybean meal using acidic and alkaline solutions produced by electro‐activation
Authors: Gerliani Natela , Hammami Riadh , Aïder Mohammed 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis main objective of this work was to study the extraction of proteins and soluble carbohydrates and minerals from soybean meal by using acidic (anolyte) and alkaline (catholyte) extracting solutions produced by electro‐activation technology. The extracting solutions (anolyte and catholyte) were produced by electro‐activation at current intensities of 150, 300, and 450 mA during 10, 30, and 50 min. Both extraction methods were effective in extracting soluble dry matter. The catholyte was the most efficient in extracting proteins with a maximal yield of 45.55 ± 2.77%. Moreover, protein content increased with treatment time in catholyte extracts but decreased in anolyte‐extracted samples. SDS‐PAGE confirmed catholyte effectiveness in extracting more proteins with better quality than the anolyte. Similar results were observed for amino acid profiles, with samples extracted by the catholyte being the richest in both essential and nonessential amino acids. While the anolyte extracted the highest amounts of Mg2+ (78%), Ca2+ (37%), and P3− (37%) from the soybean meal, catholyte was more efficient in extracting Zn2+ (65%), Fe2+ (62%), and Cu2+ (42%) ions. The obtained samples by both anolytes and catholytes exhibited good carbohydrate profiles containing some prebiotic monosaccharides. The carbohydrate profile varied with voltage used for the production of electro‐activated solutions and time. Stachyose and raffinose content increased with voltage used for anolytes production while decreasing in catholytes samples. Similarly, the highest stachyose and raffinose contents were observed for catholyte‐treated samples for 10 min, with respective ranges of 206.64–222.49 and 31.17–34.29 mg/g. To a lesser extent, anolyte‐treated samples for a longer time (30–50 min) were more efficient in extracting those sugars.
The Role of 1‐Methylcyclopropene in the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis and ethylene receptor gene expression in Mangifera indica L. (Mango Fruit)
Authors: Li Li , Shuai Liang , Sun Jian , Li Changbao , Yi Ping , Zhou Zhugui , He Xuemei , Ling Dongning , Sheng Jinfeng , Kong Kin‐Weng , Zheng Fengjin , Li Jiemin , Liu Guoming , Xin Ming , Li Zhichun , Tang Yayuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMango (Mangifera indica L.) is respiratory climacteric fruit that ripens and decomposes quickly following their harvest. 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) is known to affect the ripening of fruit, delaying the decay of mango stored under ambient conditions. The objective of this study was to clarify the role of 1‐MCP in the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis and ethylene receptor gene expression in mango. 1‐MCP significantly inhibited the 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) content. The activity of ACC oxidase (ACO) increased on days 6, 8, and 10 of storage, whereas delayed ACC synthase (ACS) activity increased after day 4. The two homologous ethylene receptor genes, ETR1 and ERS1 (i.e., MiETR1 and MiERS1), were obtained and deposited in GenBank® (National Center for Biotechnology Information‐National Institutes of Health [NCBI‐NIH]) (KY002681 and KY002682). The MiETR1 coding sequence was 2,220 bp and encoded 739 amino acids (aa). The MiERS1 coding sequence was 1,890 bp and encoded 629 aa, similar to ERS1 in other fruit. The tertiary structures of MiETR1 and MiERS1 were also predicted. MiERS1 lacks a receiver domain and shares a low homology with MiETR1 (44%). The expression of MiETR1 and MiERS1 mRNA was upregulated as the storage duration extended and reached the peak expression on day 6. Treatment with 1‐MCP significantly reduced the expression of MiETR1 on days 4, 6, and 10 and inhibited the expression of MiETR1 on days 2, 4, 6, and 10. These results indicated that MiETR1 and MiERS1 had important functions in ethylene signal transduction. Treatment with 1‐MCP might effectively prevent the biosynthesis of ethylene, as well as ethylene‐induced ripening and senescence. This study presents an innovative method for prolonging the storage life of mango after their harvest through the regulation of MiETR1 and MiERS1 expression.
Clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with oral health‐related quality of life in survivors of head and neck cancer
Authors: Soldera Eloisa B. , Ortigara Gabriela B. , Bonzanini Laura I. L. , Schulz Riéli E. , Danesi Cristiane C. , Antoniazzi Raquel P. , Linhares Ferrazzo Kívia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundFactors related to head and neck cancer and the treatment of the disease can affect quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with the severity of impact on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) in survivors of head and neck cancer using a multivariate analysis.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study evaluated 90 volunteers who had completed radiotherapy at least 3 months earlier. OHRQoL was assessed using oral health impact profile (OHIP‐14) and the data were analyzed using robust variance poisson regression models.ResultsThe mean total OHIP‐14 score was 23.98 ± 12.55. Patients with hyposalivation had 56% higher (worse) mean OHIP‐14 total scores (CI:1.11‐2.18) and patients with advanced stage tumors had 31% higher mean OHIP‐14 total scores (CI:1.03‐1.66) in multivariate analyses.ConclusionOHRQoL of survivors of head and neck cancer experienced a negative impact following radiotherapy. The impact was associated with hyposalivation and advanced stage tumors.
Chronic exposure to arsenite enhances influenza virus infection in cultured cells
Authors: Amouzougan Eva A. , Lira Ricardo , Klimecki Walter T. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractArsenic is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant that has been associated with human respiratory diseases. In humans, arsenic exposure has been associated with increased risk of respiratory infection. Considering the existing epidemiological evidence and the well‐established impact of arsenic on epithelial cell biology, we posited that the effect of arsenic exposure in epithelial cells could enhance viral infection. In this study, we characterized influenza virus A/WSN/33 (H1N1) infection in Madin‐Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells chronically exposed to low levels of sodium arsenite (75 ppb). We observed a 27.3‐fold increase in viral matrix (M2) protein (24 hours postinfection [p.i.]), a 1.35‐fold increase in viral mRNA levels, and a 126% increase in plaque area in arsenite‐exposed MDCK cells (48 hours p.i.). Arsenite exposure resulted in 114% increase in virus attachment‐positive cells (2 hours p.i.) and 224% increase in α‐2,3 sialic acid‐positive cells. Interestingly, chronic exposure to arsenite reduced the effect of the antiviral drug, oseltamivir in MDCK cells. We also found that exposure to sodium arsenite resulted in a 4.4‐fold increase in viral mRNA levels and significantly increased cytotoxicity in influenza A/Udorn/72 (H3N2) infected BEAS‐2B cells. This study suggests that chronic arsenite exposure could result in enhanced influenza infection in epithelial cells, and that this may be mediated through increased sialic acid binding. Finally, the decreased effectiveness of the anti‐influenza drug, oseltamivir, in arsenite‐exposed cells raises substantial public health concerns if this effect translates to arsenic‐exposed, influenza‐infected people.
The function of SNHG7/miR‐449a/ACSL1 axis in thyroid cancer
Authors: Guo Linchi , Lu Jixuan , Gao Jie , Li Mingyang , Wang Huihui , Zhan Xiaorong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThyroid cancer (TC) has been characterized as the most common malignant malady of the endocrine system. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 7 (SNHG7) has been reported to serve as a key regulator in a large number of human cancer types, but its role in TC and the underlying regulatory mechanism have never been evaluated yet. The present study indicated that the expression of SNHG7 was markedly higher in TC cell lines. Knockdown of SNHG7 led to a suppression of TC cell progression and migration. Acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 1 (ACSL1) has also been demonstrated as an oncogene in many cancers. Herein an inhibition of ACSL1 after SNHG7 knockdown was captured. Further, the suppressing effects of SNHG7 knockdown on TC cell processes were counteracted by ACSL1 overexpression. Data from online bioinformatics analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays validated the interaction between microRNA‐449a (miR‐449a) and SNHG7 or ACSL1. It was also verified that SNHG7 sequestered miR‐449a and therefore elevated ACSL1 expression levels. To conclude, the current study indicated that SNHG7 promoted proliferation and migration of TC cells by sponging miR‐449a and therefore upregulating ACSL1. The present study may provide more explorations about the molecular regulation mechanism of long noncoding RNAs in TC progression.