bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of meloxicam, buprenorphine, and Maxilene® to assess a multimodal
approach for piglet pain management, part 1: surgical castration
Authors: Viscardi AV , Turner PV 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Surgical castration of piglets is a routine procedure on commercial pig
farms, to prevent boar taint and reduce aggression. This procedure is known
to cause pain, yet piglets are often not provided appropriate analgesia for
relief. The objective of this study was to assess a multimodal approach to
managing post-castration pain in piglets, using 0.4 mg
kg-1 meloxicam (MEL), 0.04 mg
kg-1 buprenorphine (BUP), and
Maxilene® (MAX). Efficacy was evaluated using
behavioural indicators, vocalisation, and facial grimace analysis. Male
piglets were randomly assigned to one of ten possible treatments (n = 15
piglets per treatment group): MEL + BUP + MAX (castrated or uncastrated);
MEL + BUP (castrated or uncastrated); BUP + MAX (castrated or uncastrated);
MEL + MAX (castrated or uncastrated); saline (castrated control); or sham
(uncastrated control). Castrated piglets in the MEL + BUP + MAX, MEL + BUP,
and BUP + MAX treatment groups displayed significantly fewer pain behaviours
than piglets administered saline. MEL + MAX was insufficient in reducing
surgical castration pain behaviours. At 24 h post-procedure, saline and MEL
+ MAX-castrated piglets displayed significantly more pain behaviours than
all other treatment groups and time-points. Facial grimace analysis
indicated that MEL + MAX-castrated piglets had significantly higher grimace
scores than MEL + BUP (castrated and uncastrated) and BUP + MAX-uncastrated.
There were no significant differences in emitted vocalisations between the
analgesia-treated and saline-castrated piglets. All treatment groups with
buprenorphine were effective in alleviating castration-associated pain
behaviours, suggesting that opioid administration is beneficial for managing
piglet castration pain.
Use of meloxicam, buprenorphine, and Maxilene® to assess a
multimodal approach for piglet pain management, part 2: tail-docking
Authors: Viscardi AV , Turner PV 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Piglets on commercial pig farms are often tail-docked to reduce the
incidence of tail-biting. While this is a painful procedure, piglets are
often not provided analgesia or anaesthesia for pain relief. The objectives
of this study were to assess a multimodal approach to managing tail-docking
pain in piglets, using 0.4 mg kg-1 meloxicam (MEL),
0.04 mg kg-1 buprenorphine (BUP), and
Maxilene® (MAX), a topical anaesthetic. The
effectiveness of each drug and drug combination was evaluated using
behavioural indicators, vocalisation, and facial grimace analysis. This
study also assessed whether male and female piglets responded differently to
pain or pain treatments. Piglets were randomly assigned to one of six
possible treatments: MEL, BUP, MEL + BUP, MEL + BUP + MAX, no treatment
(tail-docked control), or sham (non-tail-docked control). Vocalisations were
recorded at initial handling, injection, and tail-docking. Piglets
administered MEL + BUP and BUP demonstrated significantly fewer pain
behaviours than piglets in the MEL and no treatment group. MEL + BUP + MAX
and BUP piglets displayed significantly lower facial grimace scores than
piglets in the no treatment group. There were no significant differences in
emitted vocalisations between the analgesia-treated piglets and the no
treatment group and both injection and tail-docking elicited piglet
vocalisations of similar frequency, power, and energy. There were no
significant differences in behaviour, facial grimacing or emitted
vocalisations between male and female piglets. All treatment groups with
buprenorphine were able to alleviate tail-docking-associated pain,
suggesting that opioid administration is highly effective for managing
piglet pain.
External Costs on The Island of Vis: Comparison of two Traffic Modes
Authors: Vukić Luka , Runko Luttenberger Lidija , Balić Katarina , Slišković Merica 
Published: October 2019

External cost of road traffic, identified as the highest among traffic modes, is an important indicator of the European Union's transport policy to shift traffic off the road to a more environmentally acceptable mode. Ferry traffic generates benefits to each port of call in localities having invested in port infrastructure, and there is an interest of the local community to have their own ferry line, especially on islands. Two alternative ferry lines have been created combining maritime and road traffic on the specific route from the town of Vis to the town of Komiža and compared from the external costs standpoint. The first alternative ferry line comprises one port of call in the town of Vis, combining it with a road modality to and from the town of Komiža. In the second alternative, the road traffic has been excluded and two ferry ports of call have been introduced, one towards the town of Vis and the other by extending the ferry voyage to the town of Komiža. The results show the model of one port of call with the integration of more road traffic on the specific route as a better solution. Despite the use of ultra-low sulphur diesel fuel on ferries, the absence of congestion in road traffic on the island of Vis and generally slow implementation of modern emission standards in maritime traffic, road traffic seems to provide a better solution as an environmentally more acceptable mode on this route.
Fracture Table vs. Lateral Positioning for Intramedullary Fixation of Femur Fractures (The FLiP Study): A protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Axelrod Daniel , Johal Herman , Madden Kim , Marcano Francesc , Prada Carlos 
Published: October 2019

Background: Femoral Shaft fractures are devastating and life threatening injuries. Femoral shaft fractures are most commonly treated with intramedullary fixation. Malrotation of the injured limb after fixation is a common and significant complication following femoral shaft fractures. During the operation, patients can be positioned either supine or in a lateral position. Additionally, patients can be placed on a standard radiolucent operating room table, or placed on a fracture table with traction statically applied to the operative limb throughout the case. Previous case series and cohort studies have shown equivalence between study groups, but choice between positioning options remains controversial.
Methods: This represents a protocol for a randomized controlled pilot trial. We will be compared lateral positioning with use of manual traction to supine positioning with use of a fracture table. Primary outcomes will be in assessment for feasibility for a future full scale randomized trial, including evaluating patient recruitment, patient compliance with followup, contamination between treatment arms and others.
Results: The primary outcome will be feasibility for a future trial. Secondary outcomes will include malrotation as measured through postoperative computed tomography scans and gait analysis at 6 months.
Transcriptome-wide identification and characterization of the Sox gene family and microsatellites for Corbicula fluminea
Authors: Zhu Chuankun , Zhang Lei , Ding Huaiyu , Pan Zhengjun 
Published: October 2019

The Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, is a commonly consumed small freshwater bivalve in East Asia. However, available genetic information of this clam is still limited. In this study, the transcriptome of female C. fluminea was sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. A total of 89,563 unigenes were assembled with an average length of 859 bp, and 36.7% of them were successfully annotated. Six members of Sox gene family namely SoxB1, SoxB2, SoxC, SoxD, SoxE and SoxF were identified. Based on these genes, the divergence time of C. fluminea was estimated to be around 476 million years ago. Furthermore, a total of 3,117 microsatellites were detected with a distribution density of 1:12,960 bp. Fifty of these microsatellites were randomly selected for validation, and 45 of them were successfully amplified with 31 polymorphic ones. The data obtained in this study will provide useful information for future genetic and genomic studies in C. fluminea.
An eight-mRNA signature predicts the prognosis of patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Rui , Yang Xin , Guo Wenna , Xu Xin-Jian , Zhu Liucun 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundBladder cancer is one of the most common cancers, and its histopathological type is mainly bladder urothelial carcinoma, accounting for about 90%. The prognostic biomarkers of bladder cancer are classified into clinical features biomarkers and molecular biomarkers. Nevertheless, due to the existence of individual specificity, patients with similar pathological characteristics still have great differences in the risk of disease recurrence. Therefore, it is often inaccurate to predict the survival status of patients based on clinical characteristic biomarkers, and a prognostic molecular biomarker that can grade the risk of bladder cancer patients is needed.MethodsA total of three bladder urothelial carcinoma datasets were used in this study from the Cancer Genome Atlas database and Gene Expression Omnibus database. In order to avoid overfitting, all samples were randomly divided into one training set and three validation sets, which were used to construct and test the prognostic biomarker model of bladder urothelial carcinoma. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used to screen candidate mRNAs and construct prognostic biomarkers model. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the model.ResultsA prognostic biomarker model of bladder urothelial carcinoma combining with eight mRNA was constructed. Kaplan–Meier analyses indicated that a significant difference in the survival time of patients between the high-risk and the low-risk group. The area under the ROC curve were 0.632 (95% confidence interval (CI) [0.541–0.723]), 0.693 (95% CI [0.601–0.784]) and 0.686 (95% CI [0.540–0.831]) when the model was used to predict the patient’s survival time in three validation datasets. The model showed high accuracy and applicability.
Effects of Boiled Water Pre-Sowing Treatment on the Germination and Early Growth Performance of Faidherbia albida in Three Ecological Zones of Ghana
Authors: Akpalu Stephen Edem , Dawoe Evans Lawrence , Abunyewa Akwasi Adutwum 
Published: October 2019

Aims: To identify an appropriate boiled water pre-sowing treatment regime for improved germination, survival and early growth performance of Faidherbia albida (Delile) A. Chev., in three ecological zones of Ghana.
Study Design: The design was a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) in three replicates, where the three different ecological zones were considered as blocks.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Bolgatanga (Guinea Savannah Zone), Abofuor (Forest-Savannah Transitional Zone), and Kumasi-Mesewam (Moist Semi-deciduous Forest Zone) between April 2017 and April 2018.
Methodology: Matured seeds of F. albida were harvested, dried and cleaned. For each treatment replicate, one hundred F. albida seeds were immersed in boiled water (100ºC) for 0, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 300 seconds and then, soaked in water at room temperature for 24 hours. Seeds were then sown in drills on well prepared seed beds, and then observed for germination. Watering was done to keep the soil moist until the onset of germination.
Results: There were significant interactive effects between ecological zones and pre-sowing treatments with respect to Final germination percentage (P<0.001), Germination rates (P<0.001) and Survival percentage (P=0.007). Root length (P=0.040), total plant length (P=0.040) and Number of leaves (P<0.001) also exhibited significant interactive effects due to ecological zones and pre-sowing treatments. Roots were significantly longer in the GSZ than in the more humid ecological zones whereas stems were significantly longer in the MSFZ than in the drier GSZ.
Conclusion: Different durations of F. albida seeds in boiled water had different effects on germination and growth in the different ecological zones.
Measurement of local evaporative resistance of a typical clothing ensemble using a sweating thermal manikin
Authors: Nomoto Akihisa , Takahashi Yoshito , Yoda Shu , Ogata Masayuki , Tanabe Shin‐ichi , Ito Shun , Aono Yuki , Yamamoto Yoshihide , Mizutani Kunio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo accurately simulate human physiology and thermal comfort, certain human physiological and comfort models categorize the human body into multiple parts. Most of these body parts are normally clothed, which must be quantified in the simulation. However, existing databases of clothing evaporative resistance only characterize the evaporative resistance of the whole body and not those of individual body parts. This implies that each body part has the same level of clothing evaporative resistance. In this research, we measure the local clothing insulation and evaporative resistance. Here, we present the local thermal characteristic values as well as the values for the whole body.
Methanococcus
Authors: Rother Michael , Whitman William B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMe.tha.no.coc'cus. N.L. neut. n.methanummethane; N.L. pref.methano‐, pertaining to methane; N.L. masc. n.coccus(from Gr. masc. n.kokkosgrain, seed), coccus; N.L. masc. n.Methanococcusmethane coccus.Euryarchaeota / Methanococci / Methanococcales / Methanococcaceae / MethanococcusIrregular cocci, 1.0–2.0 µm in diameter during balanced growth. Cells from older cultures or colonies are more irregular. Cells lose integrity during Gram staining and lyse completely within 10 s when suspended in either distilled water or 0.01% sodium dodecylsulfate. Motile, by means of polar tufts of flagella. Obligately anaerobic. Mesophilic (temperature optima: 35–40°C). pH optimum between 6 and 8. NaCl required for growth, optimal concentrations 0.5–4% (w/v). Obligately methanogenic; H2and formate serve as electron donors. Acetate, methanol, and methylamines are not substrates for methanogenesis. Alcohols, including isopropanol, are not substrates for methanogenesis. With one exception, all species grow autotrophically in mineral medium. Amino acids and acetate are stimulatory for some species. Ammonium is used as a nitrogen source, and some species can alternatively use N2or alanine. Storage materials include glycogen. Organisms are found in salt‐marsh, marine, and estuarine sediments.DNA G+C content (mol%): 29–34.Type species:Methanococcus vannieliiStadtman and Barker 1951, 269AL.
D
esulfurispira
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

De.sul.fu.ri.spi'ra. L. pref.
de
from, off, away; L. neut. n.
sulfur
sulfur; L. fem. n.
spira
, spiral; L. fem. n.
Desulfurispira
, a spirillum that reduces sulfur.

Chrysiogenetes / Chrysiogenetes / Chrysiogenales / Chrysiogenaceae / Desulfurispira

The genus
Desulfurispira
is classified as a member of the family
Chrysiogenaceae
in the phylum
Chrysiogenetes
(Sorokin and Muyzer, 2010a, 2010b). Members of the
Desulfurispira
are obligate anaerobes which can use sulfur or arsenate as electron acceptors. They are moderately salt tolerant and obligately alkaliphilic mesophiles. The genus currently includes a single species,
Desulfurispira natronophila,
including the type strain AHT11
T
and a second strain AHT19 (Sorokin and Muyzer, 2010a).

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 49.2–51.8 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Desulfurispiria natronophila
Sorokin and Muyzer 2010b, 2509
VP
(Effectively published: Sorokin and Muyzer, 2010a, 354).
F
lintibacter
Authors: Louis Petra , Lo Galiana , Kramer Timo , Duncan Sylvia H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Flin.ti.bac'ter. L. masc. n.
bacter
rod; N.L. masc. n.
Flintibacter
rod‐shaped bacterium named after Harry J. Flint, a microbiologist from Aberdeen, UK, who dedicated his career to the investigation of gut bacteria, especially butyrate producers and their role in health and disease.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Ruminococcaceae / Flintibacter

Cells are small irregular needle‐like rods that can form long filaments. Usually gives a Gram‐negative‐staining reaction. Endospores are not observed, and cells are nonmotile. Strictly anaerobic. Optimum growth between 30 and 40°C and in the presence of NaCl up to 1%. Oxidase‐ and catalase‐negative. Grows on Wilkins‐Chalgren medium and can utilize several carbon sources. Can metabolize the amino acids glutamine and glutamate, but fails to grow on leucine, asparagine, lysine, arginine, and aspartic acid. Grows in the presence of glucosamine and raffinose. The end products of fermentation are formate, acetate, and butyrate. The main cellular fatty acids are iso‐C
17:1
/anteiso‐C
17:1
(16.1%), iso‐C
19:1
(14.8%), C
18:1
ω9
c
(13.5%), C
12:0
(12.2%), C
14:0
(11.4%), and C
16:0
(11.2%). The nearest phylogenetic neighbors are
Intestinimonas butyriciproducens
,
Pseudoflavonifractor capillosus, Flavonifractor plautii, Lawsonibacter asaccharolyticus
, and
Clostridium viride
. The genus accommodates the species
Flintibacter butyricus
. Isolated from the cecal contents of a wild‐type mouse.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 58 (draft genome).

Type species
:
Flintibacter butyricus
Lagkouvardos, Pukall, Abt, Foesel, Meier‐Kolthoff, Kumar, et al. 2016c, 4301
VP
(Effective publication: Lagkouvardos, Pukall, Abt, Foesel, Meier‐Kolthoff, Kumar, et al., 2016b, 12).
Self‐Assembled Room Temperature Multiferroic BiFeO3‐LiFe5O8 Nanocomposites
Authors: Sharma Yogesh , Agarwal Radhe , Collins Liam , Zheng Qiang , Ievlev Anton V. , Hermann Raphael P. , Cooper Valentino R. , KC Santosh , Ivanov Ilia N. , Katiyar Ram S. , Kalinin Sergei V. , Lee Ho Nyung , Hong Seungbum , Ward Thomas Z. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMultiferroic materials have driven significant research interest due to their promising technological potential. Developing new room‐temperature multiferroics and understanding their fundamental properties are important to reveal unanticipated physical phenomena and potential applications. Here, a new room temperature multiferroic nanocomposite comprised of an ordered ferrimagnetic spinel α‐LiFe5O8 (LFO) and a ferroelectric perovskite BiFeO3 (BFO) is presented. It is observed that lithium (Li)‐doping in BFO favors the formation of LFO spinel as a secondary phase during the synthesis of LixBi1−xFeO3 ceramics. Multimodal functional and chemical imaging methods are used to map the relationship between doping‐induced phase separation and local ferroic properties in both the BFO‐LFO composite ceramics and self‐assembled nanocomposite thin films. The energetics of phase separation in Li doped BFO and the formation of BFO‐LFO composites are supported by first principles calculations. These findings shed light on Li's role in the formation of a functionally important room temperature multiferroic and open a new approach in the synthesis of light element doped nanocomposites for future energy, sensing, and memory applications.
Nanoscale Topotactic Phase Transformation in SrFeOx Epitaxial Thin Films for High‐Density Resistive Switching Memory
Authors: Tian Junjiang , Wu Haijun , Fan Zhen , Zhang Yang , Pennycook Stephen J. , Zheng Dongfeng , Tan Zhengwei , Guo Haizhong , Yu Pu , Lu Xubing , Zhou Guofu , Gao Xingsen , Liu Jun‐Ming 
Published: October 2019

AbstractResistive switching (RS) memory has stayed at the forefront of next‐generation nonvolatile memory technologies. Recently, a novel class of transition metal oxides (TMOs), which exhibit reversible topotactic phase transformation between insulating brownmillerite (BM) phase and conducting perovskite (PV) phase, has emerged as promising candidate materials for RS memories. Nevertheless, the microscopic mechanism of RS in these TMOs is still unclear. Furthermore, RS devices with simultaneously high density and superior memory performance are yet to be reported. Here, using SrFeOx as a model system, it is directly observed that PV SrFeO3 nanofilaments are formed and extend almost through the BM SrFeO2.5 matrix in the ON state and are ruptured in the OFF state, unambiguously revealing a filamentary RS mechanism. The nanofilaments are ≈10 nm in diameter, enabling to downscale Au/SrFeOx/SrRuO3 RS devices to the 100 nm range for the first time. These nanodevices exhibit good performance including ON/OFF ratio as high as ≈104, retention time over 105 s, and endurance up to 107 cycles. This study significantly advances the understanding of the RS mechanism in TMOs exhibiting topotactic phase transformation, and it also demonstrates the potential of these materials for use in high‐density RS memories.
Blue Phosphorescent Ir(III) Complexes Achieved with Over 30% External Quantum Efficiency
Authors: Zaen Rena , Park Ki‐Min , Lee Kyung Hyung , Lee Jun Yeob , Kang Youngjin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTwo heteroleptic blue phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes are synthesized based on the main C^N chelate bipyridine ligands, with either a 4‐positon (1) or 5‐position (2) of bulky trimethylsilyl (TMS) substituent, and acetylacetonate (acac) as an ancillary ligand. Their structure–electroluminescent property relationships are systematically investigated. Both complexes have strong intermolecular interactions via C–H···F and π–π interactions that affect the performance of phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PHOLEDs). Complex 1 possesses fewer intermolecular interactions than complex 2 based on the Hirshfeld analysis. The combination of TMS substituent and acac ligand decreases the energy gap relative to the nonsubstituted counterpart: Ir(dfpypy)(acac), where dfpypy is 2′‐6′‐difluoro‐2,3′‐bipyridine. Blue PHOLEDs which use both complexes as a dopant, and 9‐(3‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenyl)‐9H‐carbazol‐3‐yl)diphenylphosphine oxide as a host material, are fabricated successfully. Complex 1 has the highest performance among the reported blue PHOLEDs without co‐host, making it an outstanding blue triplet emitter in PHOLEDs with over 30% of external quantum efficiency. Furthermore, the efficiency roll‐off dramatically improved in the 1‐based device.
All‐Dielectric Kissing‐Dimer Metagratings for Asymmetric High Diffraction
Authors: Shi Tan , Wang Yujie , Deng Zi‐Lan , Ye Xuan , Dai Zhenxing , Cao Yaoyu , Guan Bai‐Ou , Xiao Shumin , Li Xiangping 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTranscending the common perceptions of phase‐gradient metasurfaces, metagratings emerge as a new paradigm for wavefront manipulation directly on the desired diffraction order with ultrahigh deflection angles. However, previous metagratings rely on directional scattering caused by multiresonant interference between multiple separate inclusions, of which the high diffraction efficiencies are only optimized with limited bandwidth and incident angle tolerance. Here, a kind of asymmetric kissing‐dimer metagratings that can achieve broadband high diffraction efficiencies at nearly all incident angles are proposed and experimentally realized. The building block is formed by touching two titanium dioxide polygon pillars with different geometries, which empowers highly directional scattering patterns in nearly the entire visible range. Such kissing‐dimer metagratings possess maximum diffraction up to 90% and flat‐top bandwidth of about 250 nm. This study provides a transformative scheme for ultrahigh performance beam steering devices underpinning various intriguing applications in imaging, sensing, and communication.