bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DETERMINANTS OF DIET AND FLUID ADHERENCE AMONG END STAGE RENAL DISEASE PATIENTS UNDERGOING HAEMODIALYSIS AT MOI TEACHING AND REFERRAL HOSPITAL, UASIN GISHU COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Toroitich John Kipserem , Oloo Aggrey James , Arudo John 
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to establish determinants of diet and fluid adherence among ERSD patients undergoing hemodialysis at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital- Uasingishu county. Kenya.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was applied. Using Fisher’s formula, a sample size of 145 participants were conveniently recruited. Data collection was done by use of modified end stage renal disease adherence questionnaire (ESRD-AQ). Chi-square (χ2) was used to test statistical significance. Frequency tables and bar graphs were used for data presentation. SPSS version 22.0 was used for data analysis.
Results: The study revealed that knowledge on nutritional requirements for renal patients was marginally associated with dietary and fluid intake with a higher proportion of those with low nutritional knowledge (83.6%) adhering to diet and a relatively smaller proportion in the same category (58.9%) complying with fluid intake. A significant relationship with dietary adherence was observed where participants practiced fluid restrictions (p=0.003) and the frequency in which health staff talk about the importance of following proper diet (p <0.0001). On social support domain, a significant association was observed in patients who agreed that various social support aspects help improve depression, self-esteem, self-management, etc. and who adhered to diet scored a significantly higher mean of 5.6 (95% CI = 5.5 – 5.6) in contrast to non-adherent counterparts who had a mean of 5.5 (p = 0.0006). Among the economic factors with significant association with diet adherence were; use of bus for transport (p=0.02); income of less than KSH. 30,000 (p=0.006); treatment cost (p=0.007) and ability to access material support that helps in adherence (p=0.003). Those who claimed that lack of transport was the main reason for missing dialysis practiced fluid adherence (p=0.01) with a smaller proportion (44%) adhering to fluid restriction in comparison to 70.8% who had transport and were non- adherent.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study findings are unique to the study site and it’s hoped that it can be used to inform hospital policy makers in addressing adherence challenges in ESRD patients on hemodialysis. The study recommends a holistic study on determinants of adherence to hemodialysis, medication use, dietary, and fluid compliance among patients undergoing HD at MTRH should be conducted in order to produce generalized results.
Comparison of Beliefs about Cardiovascular Medicines in Polish and American Patients: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Olejnik-Brzusek Scarlett , Seweryn Karbownik Michal 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Patient adherence to medications is a constant concern. Some barriers to adherence are that the patient may believe that medications are overused or feel that the medications they take are not necessary for their well-being.
Materials and Methods: A written paper survey was given to general outpatient clinics, pharmacies and senior living homes. The original English version as well as the recently validated Polish version of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) was used together with the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS). Additionally, patients were asked to answer demographic questions regarding sex, age, place of residence and socioeconomic status.
Results: The extent of general beliefs that medicines are harmful and overused as well as the specific beliefs of concerns did not significantly differ between the studied populations (p>0.05). However, beliefs about the necessity of prescribed medications were significantly higher in the group of Polish patients as compared to the American and the difference remained significant after adjusting for sociodemographic covariates (18.3, 95%CI 17.2-19.5 vs. 16.2, 95%CI 14.9-17.5, p=0.02). Necessity-minus-Concern beliefs significantly predicted self-reported medication adherence also after adjusting for sociodemographic covariates (r=0.41, 95%CI 0.25-0.55, p<0.0001), with no significant difference existing between the studied groups (p=0.65).
Conclusions: Polish cardiovascular patients seem to believe that their medications are more necessary than American patients, however, the results may be biased due to the possible effect of unmeasured covariates. The Necessity Concerns Framework appears equally useful in predicting self-reported adherence to cardiovascular medications in both populations.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KUIS TERHADAP PENINGKATAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR BIOLOGI SISWA DI SMA NEGERI 7 KERINCI
Authors: SANTOSA TOMIA APRA , YULIANTI SISI 
Published: September 2020

The study aims to find out how the increased motivation of learning students are quizzed and not given in biological learning. The research used is quantitative research with a pseudo-experimental method (quasi exsperimental research). The population of the study was SMA Negeri 7 Kerinci class X consisting of 5 classes. Samples are XA and XB graders. Sampling techniques are Random sampling. The results of this study are the learning motivation of students given the quiz in learning Biology gained initial motivation (motivation) with a low category with a score of 58.882 and motivation to learn in the class of experimentation given treatment (treatment) by giving quizzes gained increased motivation learning with high category with a score of 91.25.
APLICAR PRINCIPIOS CONSTITUCIONALES
Authors: Guastini Riccardo , Moreno More Cesar E. 
Published: September 2020

La aplicación judicial de principios constitucionales comprende (al menos) cuatro tipos de operaciones intelectuales: 1) la identificación de los principios en cuanto tales, vale decir, la adscripción del estatus (del «valor») de principio a determinada disposición constitucional; 2) la interpretación de la adscripción de significado a una disposición constitucional (previa o contemporáneamente identificada como) expresiva de un principio; 3) el balance o ponderación de dicho principio con otros principios en conflicto, de modo tal que se seleccione el principio aplicable; y 4) la especificación o concretización de dicho principio de modo que se construya una regla idónea para resolver el caso en cuestión.
TRANSVERSALIDAD DEL DERECHO AMBIENTAL Y CRIMINALIZACION DE LAS PROTESTAS SOCIALES
Authors: Dueñas Roque Diana Milagros 
Published: September 2020

La transversalidad del derecho ambiental como fundamento en contra de la criminalización de las protestas sociales, significa que el derecho ambiental como derecho humano se caracteriza por su transversalidad, esto es, que sus valores y principios irradian en todo nuestro ordenamiento jurídico nacional con la finalidad de que el hombre como fin supremo de la sociedad y del Estado, logre y disfrute su derecho fundamental al desarrollo sostenible para satisfacer sus necesidades básicas, por tanto, es un derecho que le corresponde proteger a todo ciudadano -cuando se encuentra en riesgo o fue vulnerado-, a través de la protesta social, comprendida como derecho constitucional, cuando el gobierno no atiende sus reclamos. La intersección entre la transversalidad del derecho ambiental y la criminalización de las protestas sociales es un contexto complejo de abordarlo porque reposan sus orígenes no sólo en el neoliberalismo y la imposición de proyectos económicos sino también en las formas que adopta el gobierno para solucionar las protestas sociales. La protesta social no debe ser criminalizada, por cuanto, es legítima y se constituye en un mecanismo para proteger diversos derechos constitucionales, como el derecho ambiental.
LA IMPORTANCIA DEL APRENDIZAJE, LA ENSEÑANZA Y EL ESTUDIO DEL DERECHO
Authors: Hancco Aguilar Jhon Cristyan 
Published: September 2020

El presente artículo se centra en establecer la importancia que todo académico del Derecho debe conocer; ya sea como estudiante, docente universitario, abogado litigante, juez, fiscal y todo conocedor del mundo jurídico; tanto en el aprendizaje inicial, abarcando también la enseñanza superior y el estudio continuo del Derecho; los temas que se desarrollan a continuación fueron considerados con la finalidad de mejorar la calidad del proceso de enseñanza, estudio y aprendizaje del futuro abogado y del abogado en sí.
Por ello el presente artículo, a través del estudio e interpretación del tema, se inicia a desarrollar conceptualizando cada uno de los aspectos relevantes del aprendizaje, la enseñanza y el estudio del Derecho; citando autores como, Atienza, Carbonell, Ossorio, López; entre otros que desarrollan temas relevantes respecto del Derecho.
On the intermittency of orographic gravity wave hotspots and its importance for middle atmosphere dynamics
Authors: Kuchar Ales , Sacha Petr , Eichinger Roland , Jacobi Christoph , Pisoft Petr , Rieder Harald E. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract. When orographic gravity waves (OGWs) break, they dissipate their momentum and energy and thereby influence the thermal and dynamical structure of the atmosphere. This OGW forcing mainly takes place in the middle atmosphere. It is zonally asymmetric and strongly intermittent. So-called “OGW hotspot regions” have been shown to exert a large impact on the total wave forcing, in particular in the lower stratosphere (LS). Motivated by this we investigate the asymmetrical distribution of the three-dimensional OGW drag (OGWD) for selected hotspot regions in the specified dynamics simulation of the chemistry-climate model CMAM (Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model) for the period 1979–2010. As an evaluation, we first compare zonal mean OGW fluxes and GW drag (GWD) of the model simulation with observations and reanalyses in the Northern Hemisphere. We find an overestimation of GW momentum fluxes and GWD in the model's LS, presumably attributable to the GW parameterizations which are tuned to correctly represent the dynamics of the Southern Hemisphere. In the following, we define three hotspot regions which are of particular interest for OGW studies, namely the Himalayas, the Rocky Mountains and East Asia. The GW drags in these hotspot regions emerge as strongly intermittent, a result that can also quantitatively be corroborated with observational studies. Moreover, a peak-detection algorithm is applied to capture the intermittent and zonally asymmetric character of OGWs breaking in the LS and to assess composites for the three hotspot regions. This shows that LS peak OGW events can have opposing effects on the upper stratosphere and mesosphere depending on the hotspot region. Our analysis constitutes a new method for studying the intermittency of OGWs, thereby facilitating a new possibility to assess the effect of particular OGW hotspot regions on middle atmospheric dynamics.
Instituting robotic pediatric urologic surgery in the Canadian healthcare system: Evaluating the feasibility and outcomes of robot-assisted pyeloplasty and ureteric reimplantation
Authors: Stern Noah , Wang Peter , Dave Sumit 
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Robotic pediatric urologic surgery has gained widespread adoption over the last decade. This article describes our experience in instituting the first pediatric urologic robotic surgery program in Canada. We evaluated the feasibility and safety of instituting pediatric robot-assisted urologic surgery and report our early outcomes for robot-assisted pyeloplasty (RAP) and ureteric reimplantation (RUR).
Methods: We prospectively evaluated all patients undergoing RAP and RUR by a single surgeon from June 2013 to March 2019. Demographic and clinical data were prospectively collected and included sex, age, and preoperative grade of hydronephrosis or reflux. Descriptive statistics were performed, and comparisons were made using Student’s t-tests where appropriate. Success was defined as resolution or significant improvement of hydronephrosis following RAP and absence of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and/or persistent vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) following RUR. Complications were described using the Clavien-Dindo system.
Results: A total of 52 RAPs and 24 RURs were performed with a minimum of six months followup. Forty-five RAP patients met criteria for success, while diagnostic imaging of success in the form of MAG-3 Lasix renograms was documented in the remaining seven for an overall success of 100%. Sixteen RUR patients met criteria for success and seven showed resolution of VUR on imaging following their first UTI, for an overall success rate of 96%. Operative times progressively improved from 204±35 minutes to 121±15 minutes in the RAP group and from 224±52 to 132±39 minutes in the RUR group. In the RAP cohort, one Clavien grade II and four Clavien grade III complications were noted, while three Clavien grade III complications were noted in the RUR cohort.
Conclusions: Despite limited case volumes, robotic pediatric urologic surgery can be integrated into the Canadian healthcare system with success rates comparable to reported literature. However, compared to open surgery, RAP and especially RUR warrant further study to ensure lack of significant complications noted in our study.
Global RNA editome landscape discovers reduced RNA editing in glioma: loss of editing of gamma-amino butyric acid receptor alpha subunit 3 (GABRA3) favors glioma migration and invasion
Authors: Patil Vikas , Pal Jagriti , Mahalingam Kulandaivelu , Somasundaram Kumaravel 
Published: September 2020

Background
Gliomas are the most common and lethal type of intracranial tumors. With the current treatment regime, the median survival of patients with grade IV glioma (glioblastoma/GBM) remains at 14–16 months. RNA editing modifies the function and regulation of transcripts. The development of glial tumors may be caused by altered RNA editing events.

Methods
In this study, we uncover the global RNA editome landscape of glioma patients from RNA-seq data of control, lower grade glioma (LGG) and GBM samples (n = 1,083).

Results
A-to-I editing events were found to comprise 80% of the total editing events of which 96% were located in the Alu regions. The total RNA editing events were found to be reduced in glioma compared to control samples. More specifically, we found Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor alpha3 (GABRA3) to be edited (c.1026 A-to-G; pI343M) in 73% (editing ratio 0.8) of control samples compared to LGG (28.96%; 0.47) and GBM (5.2%; 0.53) samples. GABRA3 transcript level was found to be downregulated in glioma compared to control in a grade-specific manner with GBMs having the lowest level of the transcript. Further, GABRA3 transcripts were observed to be higher in edited compared to unedited glioma samples. The transcript and protein levels of exogenously expressed gene were found to be higher for edited compared to unedited GABRA3 in glioma cells. Further, exogenously expressed edited GABRA3 inhibited migration and invasion of glioma cells efficiently but not the unedited GABRA3.

Conclusion
Collectively, our study discovered a reduction in RNA editing during glioma development. We further demonstrate that elevated RNA editing maintains a high level of GABRA3 RNA and protein in normal glial cells which provides a less migratory environment for the normal functioning of the brain. In contrast, the reduction in GABRA3 protein levels, due to lower stability of unedited RNA, results in the loss of function which confers an aggressive phenotype to GBM tumor.
The increasing prevalence of CPV-2c in domestic dogs in China
Authors: Hao Xiangqi , He Yuwei , Wang Chuhan , Xiao Weiqi , Liu Ruohan , Xiao Xiangyu , Zhou Pei , Li Shoujun 
Published: September 2020

Background
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), a serious pathogen, leads to high morbidity and mortality in dogs and several wild carnivore species. Although it is a DNA virus, it evolves particularly rapidly, with a genomic substitution rate of approximately 10−4 substitutions/site/year, close to that of some RNA viruses. Tracing the prevalence of CPV-2 in dogs is significant.

Methods
In this study, an aetiological survey was carried out from 2016 to 2019 in Guangdong Province, China, involving Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Dongguan. Furthermore, to systematically analyse the prevalence of CPV-2 in China, the VP2 gene sequences of all Chinese isolates were downloaded from the NCBI nucleotide database in December 2019, and changes in CPV-2 variants were examined.

Results
A total of 55.7% (34/61) of samples were CPV-2 positive by PCR detection and virus isolation. In addition to different variants circulating in dogs, coinfection with multiple variants was identified, as was coinfection with other canine enteric pathogens in some cases. Two previously reported amino acid sites, A5G and Q370R of CPV-2c mutants, reported in variants in China were assessed, and several CPV-2 isolates with P13S and K582N mutations were detected in this study. Finally, we speculate on the prevalence of different CPV-2 variants in China. According to the VP2 gene sequence obtained from the NCBI nucleotide database, the proportion of different variants in China has changed, and CPV-2c appears to be growing rapidly. In conclusion, this aetiology survey suggests that CPV-2 continues to be common in China and that the prevalence of CPV-2c is increasing.
The relationship between individual phenotype and the division of labour in naked mole-rats: it’s complicated
Authors: Gilbert James D. , Rossiter Stephen J. , Faulkes Chris G. 
Published: September 2020

BackgroundThe naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber)is among the most social mammals on the planet, living in eusocial groups of up to 300 individuals that contain a single reproductive female and up to three reproductive males. A critical aspect of their complex social system is the division of labour that allows non-breeders to form an effective workforce. Age- or weight-based polyethisms are widely cited as explanations for how labour is divided, but evidence in support of these hypotheses has been equivocal.MethodsTo assess the extent to which individual working behaviour is determined by sex, age, weight and social rank, we studied the behaviours of 103 animals from eight captive colonies. We performed focal sampling and ran mixed-effects models to assess which factors explained variation in working behaviour during six ten-minute observation periods per individual.ResultsContrary to widely-held beliefs, we found that working behaviour did not decrease linearly with weight, although polynomial regressions indicated younger and medium-sized individuals worked most frequently, while high-ranking individuals worked for the shortest periods of time. Working behaviour and its relationship with individual characteristics also varied between colonies.ConclusionsWhile age- or size-based polyethisms may have some influence on working behaviour, we argue that other characteristics of the individual and colony are also important. In particular, the interactions of individual, social and environmental factors must be considered in order to understand the emergence and effectiveness of the division of labour that is so critical to many social organisms.
The Relationship between Personality Traits and Achievement Motivation of Students of Tertiary Institutions in Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Ude U. Esther , Akintunde O. Oyedoyin 
Published: September 2020

This study examined the relationship between personality traits and achievement motivation of students in tertiary institution in Plateau state. The study adopted the cross-sectional research survey design in its investigation of the variables. Primary source of data was generated through structured, self- administered questionnaire using the big five inventory which comprises of 44-items and achievement motivation inventory which comprises of 32 items. A sample of 333 respondents was drawn from a population of 2000 second year (200 levels) students in the Faculty of Education in five tertiary institutions in Plateau State. Reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring coefficients above 0.70. Data generated were analyzed and presented using both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The hypotheses were tested using the Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). The tests were carried out at a 95% confidence interval and a 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between personality traits and achievement motivation of students in tertiary institution in Plateau state. The study thus recommends that teachers should guide students to identify their personality traits and encouraged them to strive to develop their traits in order to be successful in their pursuit.
Weed Management Strategies for Enhanced Productivity in Groundnut
Authors: Parthipan T. 
Published: September 2020

A field investigation was carried out at Regional Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vridhachalam to evaluate suitable weed management strategies for enhanced productivity groundnut. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications and nine treatments. The treatments included were Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha as PE, Pendimethalin 30 EC + Imazethapyr 2 EC (ready mix) @ 1.0 kg/ha as PE, Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha as PE fb Quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 50 g/ha at 15-20 DAS, Pendimethalin 30 EC + Imazethapyr 2 EC (ready mix) @ 1.0 kg/ha as PE fb Quizalofop-p-ethyl @ 50 g/ha at 15-20 DAS, Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha as PE fb Imazethapyr @ 75 g/ha at 15-20 DAS, Pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha as PE fb Hand Weeding (HW) at 25-30 DAS, Pendimethalin 30 EC + Imazethapyr 2 EC (ready mix) @ 1.0 kg/ha as PE fb HW at 25-30 DAS, Two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS and Weedy check. Application of Pendimethalin 30 EC + Imazethapyr 2 EC (ready mix) @ 1.0 kg/ha on 3rd day after sowing followed by one manual weeding at 25-30 DAS recorded lower weed density of 33.3 No/m2, weed dry weight of 113 g/m2 with higher pod yield of 2400 kg/ha, net return of Rs. 62851/- per ha with BCR of 1.91. Among the herbicide combinations, application of pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha on 3 DAS followed by Imazethapyr @ 75 g/ha at 15-20 DAS recorded pod yield of 1600 kg/ha with Benefit Cost Ratio of 1.38. From this study, it was concluded that application of Pendimethalin 30 EC + Imazethapyr 2 EC (ready mix) @ 1.0 kg a.i//ha on 3 DAS as pre-emergence followed by one hand weeding at 25-30 DAS was identified as efficient and economical weed management practice for groundnut.