bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External use of Mirabilite combined with Lactulose improves postoperative gastrointestinal mobility among older patients undergoing abdominal surgery
Authors: Pan Wenyan , Cai Shining , Latour Jos M. , Zhong Ming , Lv Minzhi , Li Jingjing , Zhang Xiaomin , Zhang Yuxia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of Mirabilite combined with Lactulose in older patients after abdominal surgery.DesignIt is a retrospective observational cohort study with a pre and post intervention group.MethodsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed of postoperative Intensive Care patients with postoperative gastrointestinal tract dysfunction (aged >60 years) in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit from January 2017–December 2018.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐seven post‐surgical Intensive Care patients with postoperative gastrointestinal tract dysfunction were analysed; 74 patients received Mirabilite + Lactulose treatment and 93 patients received Lactulose treatment. The recovery rate of bowel sounds was better in the Mirabilite + Lactulose group (62.16%) compared with the Lactulose group (37.63%) after 3‐day treatment (p = 0.002) and the relative risk (RR) was 1.65 (95% CI, 1.20, 2.27). Moreover 70.27% patients in the Mirabilite + Lactulose group finally had flatus or defecation compared with 46.24% patients in Lactulose group (p = 0.003) and the RR was 1.52 (1.17, 1.98). The abdominal girth and Inter Abdominal Pressure in Mirabilite + Lactulose group showed significantly greater decrease over a 3‐day period compared with Lactulose group (4.86 vs. 3.46 cm, p = 0.027; 4.80 vs. 3.11 mmHg, p = 0.002 respectively). The pain score had greater decrease from the baseline in Mirabilite + Lactulose group than in Lactulose group (2.40 vs. 1.11; p < 0.01). Patients in the Mirabilite + Lactulose group had shorter hospital stay than the Lactulose group 12.5 (SD 3.51) versus 13.9 (SD 5.14), p = 0.05.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that external use of Mirabilite combined with Lactulose can be considered as an easy intervention to improve postoperative gastrointestinal mobility in older intensive care patients who suffer from postoperative gastrointestinal tract dysfunction after surgery.ImpactOur results provide a great option to alleviate the sufferings of postoperative patients. The externally use Mirabilite is a painless and safe interventions that is easy to implement by ICU nurses.
Nursing home residents with cognitive impairment can participate in advance care planning: A qualitative study
Authors: Sævareid Trygve J. L. , Pedersen Reidar , Thoresen Lisbeth 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo describe advance care planning in nursing homes when residents with cognitive impairment and/or their next of kin participated and identify associated challenges.DesignA qualitative study of nine advance care planning conversations in four Norwegian nursing home wards. During the implementation of advance care planning, we purposively sampled residents with cognitive impairment, their next of kin and healthcare personnel. The implementation followed a “whole‐ward” approach aimed at involving the whole ward in fostering an inclusive, holistic advance care planning discussion. Involving as many residents as possible, preferably together with their next of kin, were central.MethodsFrom observed and audio‐recorded advance care planning conversations that took place from November 2015 to June 2016, we conducted a thematic analysis of the transcripts and field notes. Reporting adhered to the COREQ guidelines.ResultsResidents actively relayed their preferences regarding healthcare and end‐of‐life issues, despite the cognitive impairment. Next of kin provided constructive support and conversations were largely resident‐focused. However, involving residents was also challenging, findings included: residents’ preferences were often vague, relevant medical information from healthcare personnel lacked and the next of kin were sometimes unaware of the resident's previously held preferences. Moreover, residents tended to focus more on the past and present than the future end‐of‐life care.ConclusionsResidents with cognitive impairment can participate actively and meaningfully in advance care planning, if the healthcare personnel actively listens. However, several challenges can arise. Supported decision‐making can improve communication and resident involvement, reinforcing a relational understanding of autonomy.ImpactPersons with cognitive impairment should be invited to participate in advance care planning. Their participation may make its benefits and more person‐centred care attainable to persons that are often not involved. Successful involvement of persons with cognitive impairment in advance care planning may rely on robust implementation.
The development of a behaviour questionnaire for stoma self‐management for persons with bladder cancer and an ileal conduit
Authors: Wang Wei , Ding Yanming , Lu Qian , Qi Jianing , Zhang Shuying 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsTo develop and preliminarily test the reliability and validity of a behaviour questionnaire for stoma self‐management for patients with bladder cancer after radical cystectomy and ileal conduit.DesignA psychometric instrument validation study conducted in two phases.MethodsThe initial version of behaviour questionnaire was developed based on guidelines for people living with a stoma. Five experts validated the content of the preliminary 29‐item questionnaire. A cross‐sectional survey was then conducted in Beijing for preliminary reliability and validity tests between 4 December 2017‐28 April 2018. A total of 151 participants in the survey, 147 of whom completed the study and 16 completed a 2‐week test–retest reliability test.ResultsThe content validity indices were satisfied. A principal component analysis with direct oblimin rotation was performed. Sixteen items were retained, and three factors were identified, namely, pouching system change, emotional management, and role management. The 16‐item questionnaire showed acceptable internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The mediational effect of self‐management behaviour on the relationship between self‐efficacy and stoma quality of life was confirmed via convergent validity testing.ConclusionThe behaviour questionnaire for stoma self‐management appears to have adequate initial reliability and validity. More observational and interventional studies need to be conducted for further evaluation of its psychometric properties.ImpactThis study developed a reliable instrument to measure self‐management behaviours for persons living with a stoma after radical cystectomy and ileal conduit. The questionnaire has practical value for both healthcare providers and researchers working in this field. The 16‐item questionnaire can be administered quickly in clinical practice. Based on the questionnaire and the elicited mediational model, psycho‐education programs tailored to improve self‐management should be designed, implemented, and re‐inspected regarding their effectiveness for the target population in China.
Investigation of hub genes and immune status in heart transplant rejection using endomyocardial biopsies
Authors: Xiu Meng‐xi , Liu Yuan‐meng , Wang Wen‐jun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractT cell‒mediated rejection (TCMR) and antibody‐mediated rejection (ABMR) are severe post‐transplantation complications for heart transplantation (HTx), whose molecular and immunological pathogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, the mRNA microarray data set GSE124897 containing 645 stable, 52 TCMR and 144 ABMR endomyocardial biopsies was obtained to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between rejected and stable HTx samples and to investigate immune cell infiltration. Functional enrichment analyses indicated roles of the DEGs primarily in immune‐related mechanisms. Protein‐protein interaction networks were then constructed, and ICAM1, CD44, HLA‐A and HLA‐B were identified as hub genes using the maximal clique centrality method. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed differences in adaptive and innate immune cell populations between TCMR, ABMR and stable HTx samples. Additionally, hub gene expression levels significantly correlated with the degree and composition of immune cell infiltration in HTx rejection samples. Furthermore, drug‐gene interactions were constructed, and 12 FDA‐approved drugs were predicted to target hub genes. Finally, an external GSE2596 data set was used to validate the expression of the hub genes, and ROC curves indicated all four hub genes had promising diagnostic value for HTx rejection. This study provides a comprehensive perspective of molecular and immunological regulatory mechanisms underlying HTx rejection.
Sex‐specific effects of experimental ectoparasite infestation on telomere length in great tit nestlings
Authors: Tschirren Barbara , Romero‐Haro Ana Ángela , Zahn Sandrine , Criscuolo François 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTelomere length is a biomarker of biological ageing and lifespan in various vertebrate taxa. Evidence is accumulating that telomeres shorten more rapidly when an individual is exposed to environmental stressors. Parasites are potent selective agents that can cause physiological stress directly or indirectly through the activation of the host's immune system. Yet to date, empirical evidence for a role of parasites in telomere dynamics in natural populations is limited. Here, we show experimentally that exposure to ectoparasitic hen fleas (Ceratophyllus gallinae) during growth results in shorter telomeres in female, but not male, great tit (Parus major) nestlings. Females had longer telomeres than males when growing up in experimentally deparasitized nests but, likely because of the sex‐specific effects of ectoparasitism on telomere length, this sexual dimorphism was absent in birds growing up in experimentally infested nests. Our results provide the first experimental evidence for a role of ectoparasitism in telomere dynamics in a natural vertebrate population, and suggest that the costs of infection manifest in sex‐specific ways.
Mindfulness in Motion and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) in Hypertensive African Americans
Authors: Wright Kathy D. , Klatt Maryanna D. , Adams Ingrid Richards , Nguyen Christopher M. , Mion Lorraine C. , Tan Alai , Monroe Todd B. , Rose Karen M. , Scharre Douglas W. 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesHypertension increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease or related dementias. This pilot study's purpose was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a novel intervention, Mindfulness in Motion (MIM) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension DASH (MIM DASH), to improve diet, mindfulness, stress, and systolic blood pressure (BP) in older African Americans with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and hypertension.DesignCluster randomized controlled trial.SettingIntergenerational community center in a large metropolitan area.ParticipantsAfrican Americans with MCI and hypertension. Participants were divided into six groups randomized 1:1:1 to the MIM DASH group, attention only (non‐hypertensive education) group, or true control group. The MIM DASH and attention only interventions were delivered in 8‐weekly 2 hour group sessions. MIM included mindful movements from chair/standing, breathing exercises, and guided meditation. The DASH component used a critical thinking approach of problem solving, goal setting, reflection, and self‐efficacy. The true control group received a DASH pamphlet at the end.MeasurementsFeasibility was tracked through enrollment and attendance records; acceptability was assessed through interviews. Blood pressure was measured using the Omron HEM‐907XL Monitor. Dietary intake was measured by DASH‐Q. Mindfulness was measured by the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale. Stress was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale. MCI was determined using the Self‐Administered Gerocognitive Examination. Data were collected at baseline and 3‐months.ResultsMedian session attendance was six for the MIM DASH group and six for the attention only group. There were no changes in diet, mindfulness, or stress. There was a clinically significant reduction in systolic BP in the MIM DASH group (−7.2 mmHg) relative to the attention only group (−.7), and no change between the MIM DASH and true control groups.ConclusionResults indicate that the MIM DASH intervention was feasible and culturally acceptable in African Americans with hypertension and MCI.
The cGMP system in normal and degenerating mouse neuroretina: New proteins with cGMP interaction potential identified by a proteomics approach
Authors: Rasmussen Michel , Welinder Charlotte , Schwede Frank , Ekström Per 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe hereditary disease Retinitis pigmentosa results in severe vision loss due to photoreceptor degeneration by unclear mechanisms. In several disease models, the second messenger cGMP accumulates in the degenerating photoreceptors, where it may over‐activate specific cGMP‐interacting proteins, like cGMP‐dependent protein kinase. Moreover, interventions that counteract the activity of these proteins lead to reduced photoreceptor cell death. Yet there is little or no information whether other than such regular cGMP‐interactors are present in the retina, which we, therefore, investigated in wild‐type and retinal degeneration (rd1, rd10, and rd2) mouse models. An affinity chromatography based proteomics approach that utilized immobilized cGMP analogs was applied to enrich and select for regular and potentially new cGMP‐interacting proteins as identified by mass spectrometry. This approach revealed 12 regular and 10 potentially new retinal cGMP‐interacting proteins (e.g., EPAC2 and CaMKIIα). Several of the latter were found to be expressed in the photoreceptors and to have proximity to cGMP and may thus be of interest when defining prospective therapeutic targets or biomarkers for retinal degeneration.
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Adiposity‐related insulin resistance and thickness of the cerebral cortex in middle‐aged adults
Authors: Shin Jean , Pelletier Stephanie , Richer Louis , Pike G. Bruce , Gaudet Daniel , Paus Tomas , Pausova Zdenka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe thickness of the cerebral cortex decreases with ageing. Recent research suggests that obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus may accelerate this cortical thinning, and that obesity‐related insulin resistance may be a shared mechanistic pathway. Ageing of the cerebral cortex demonstrates sex‐specific trajectories, with a gradual shift towards accelerated thinning beginning in midlife. Here, we investigated whether adiposity‐related insulin resistance is associated with lower thickness of the human cerebral cortex in a community‐based sample of middle‐aged adults. We studied 533 adult participants (36‐65 years) from the Saguenay Youth Study. Adiposity was assessed with bioimpedance, and insulin resistance was evaluated from a fasting blood sample with the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). Associations between adiposity‐related insulin resistance (adiposity/IR) and cortical thickness were assessed with linear models, separately in males and females younger or older than 50 years. Potential biological underpinnings were investigated with virtual histology. Adiposity/IR was associated with lower cortical thickness in females older than 50 years but not in males or younger females. The strength of the association varied across the cerebral cortex, with regions of the lateral frontal and parietal cortices and the superior temporal cortex demonstrating most pronounced thinning. Based on virtual histology, adiposity/IR‐related cortical thinning may involve neurones, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells acting so that they lower the cortical potential for synaptogenesis, formation of dendritic spines, production of extracellular matrix and myelination. Adiposity‐related insulin resistance is associated with lower cortical thickness in middle‐aged women older than 50 years. This aspect of thinning may involve neuronal and glial cells in a way that lowers the capacity of the cerebral cortex for neuronal plasticity and maintenance of myelination.
The comparative study of efficacy between 1064‐nm long‐pulsed Nd:YAG laser and 595‐nm pulsed dye laser for the treatment of acne vulgaris
Authors: Chalermsuwiwattanakan Napith , Rojhirunsakool Salinee , Kamanamool Nanticha , Kanokrungsee Silada , Udompataikul Montree 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe popularity of laser therapy in acne treatment has been increasing recently due to its safety, effectiveness, and convenience. Both 595‐nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) and 1064‐nm long‐pulsed neodymium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet laser (Nd:YAG) have been successful in treating inflammatory acne lesions. However, clinical data from controlled comparative studies are still lacking.AimsTo compare the clinical efficacy of 1064‐nm Nd:YAG with 595‐nm PDL for the treatment of acne vulgaris.MethodsThirty‐four participants with mild to moderate facial acne were enrolled and then randomized to receive three, 2‐week interval treatments with 1064‐nm Nd:YAG on one side of the face and 595‐nm PDL on the other side. Clinical assessments including acne lesion counts, acne erythema grading, and erythema index were performed at baseline, 2nd, 4th, and 8th week. Participants’ satisfaction, preference, and adverse effects were recorded.ResultsAs compared with baseline, the significant reduction of mean inflammatory acne lesion counts, acne erythema grading, and erythema index was demonstrated on 595‐nm PDL‐treated sides and 1064‐nm Nd:YAG‐treated sides. However, there were no significant differences between both sides. The participants were satisfied with both laser treatments, but the participants preferred 1064‐nm Nd:YAG over 595‐nm PDL treatment. The adverse effects were less on 1064 nm Nd: YAG‐treated sides.Conclusions1064‐nm Nd:YAG and 595‐nm PDL treatments are equally effective in reducing inflammatory acne lesions and acne erythema in mild to moderate facial acne vulgaris.
The Perception of Dependence, Investment Decisions, and Stock Prices
Authors: UNGEHEUER MICHAEL , WEBER MARTIN 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTHow do investors perceive dependence between stock returns; and how does their perception of dependence affect investments and stock prices? We show experimentally that investors understand differences in dependence, but not in terms of correlation. Participants invest as if applying a simple counting heuristic for the frequency of comovement. They diversify more when the frequency of comovement is lower even if correlation is higher due to dependence in the tails. Building on our experimental findings, we empirically analyze U.S. stock returns. We identify a robust return premium for stocks with high frequencies of comovement with the market return.
The Changing Position of Legal Academics in the United Kingdom: Professionalization or Proletarianization?
Authors: BRADNEY ANTHONY , COWNIE FIONA 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article analyses changes to United Kingdom (UK) university law schools during the period coinciding with Phil Thomas’ career as a law teacher – the latter part of the twentieth century and the first two decades of the twenty‐first – in part illustrating the analysis with other examples from Thomas’ career. We will focus specifically on the way in which what it means to be a legal academic has altered, with UK legal academics having been professionalized as a community during this era. Yet, seemingly paradoxically, it is also an era during which, many have suggested, academics in UK universities have become a proletariat.
The Many Beginnings of Philip Aneurin Thomas
Authors: MULCAHY LINDA 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis volume pays tribute to the many achievements of Philip Aneurin Thomas. When asked to write a biographical account of his life, I was struck by how many beginnings Phil had been involved in. Early experiences in the United States and East Africa made him part of an important group of scholars who brought new ways of thinking about law and the law school to the United Kingdom in the 1970s. He was there at the beginning of the socio‐legal movement, making a major contribution to the multi‐disciplinary research environment that socio‐legal scholars now take for granted, and instrumental in establishing a number of institutions, including this journal. Finally, his personal and academic trajectory cannot be fully understood without an understanding of the importance of his being Welsh and a committed socialist.
‘Left Pessimists’ in ‘Rose Coloured Glasses’? Reflections on the Political Economy of Socio‐Legal Studies and (Legal) Academic Well‐Being
Authors: COLLIER RICHARD 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis article reflects on the significance of the Journal of Law and Society and critical socio‐legal work in the context of changes in the political economy of universities and socio‐legal studies. It interweaves an analysis of this shifting political economy with consideration of another topic, namely, academic well‐being and mental health, especially in this moment, to demonstrate the continuing pertinence and importance of the left critique of universities. Well‐being has become part of a far broader set of counter‐narratives to neoliberalism evident in attempts to reposition it as a ‘force of change’, to develop new ways of working that might challenge traditional work cultures and organizational structures, and to resist the marketized neoliberal university and re‐envision what a ‘good university’ might be. Rejecting the criticism of ‘left pessimists’ in ‘rose coloured glasses’, I make the case for the continuing significance of engaging in public education and research as a public good.
Of Mines, Mining, and Imagining: Rights without Society?
Authors: MORGAN LYDIA 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAs a polyvocal discipline that integrates studies of law in society, socio‐legal studies should have no problem accommodating civil liberties and human rights. Numerous methodologies and frameworks present themselves as illuminating, troubling, and critiquing conceptions and experiences of rights. Legal analysis of human rights is nevertheless often abstract and highly technical. But what if socio‐legal analyses of rights were not available? What would be lacking? Using a personal situated methodological approach, I explore the Journal of Law and Society's back catalogue to reflect on what civil liberties and human rights might be without socio‐legal studies.