bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EUS-directed transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography versus laparoscopic-assisted ERCP versus deep enteroscopy-assisted ERCP for patients with RYGB
Authors: Kochhar Gursimran S. , Mohy-ud-din Nabeeha , Grover Abhinav , Carleton Neil , Kulkarni Abhijit , Farah Katie , Dhawan Manish , Thakkar Shyam 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (EDGE) is a novel technique for managing pancreaticobiliary diseases in patients with a history of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB). It has shown to have high technical success rates and fewer adverse events as compared to laparoscopic-assisted ERCP (LA-ERCP). We compared the technical success and clinical outcomes of EDGE vs. LA-ERCP vs. E-ERCP.
Patients and methods A retrospective chart review was performed for 56 patients, of whom 18 underwent LA-ERCP, 12 underwent E-ERCP, and 26 had EDGE, and a comparison of technical success and complication rates was done.
Results Baseline demographic characteristics of patients undergoing these procedures, including age and gender, were comparable. The technical success rate for patients in the EDGE group were 100 % (n = 26), compared with 94 % (n = 17) and 75 % (n = 9) in the LA-ERCP and E-ERCP groups (P = 0.02). In the EDGE group, 8 % of patients (n = 2) had bleeding, and 4 % of patients (n = 1) had lumen-apposing metal stent migration occur during the procedure. In the LA-ERCP group 6 % (n = 1) of patient had bleeding, 6 % (n = 1) post-ERCP pancreatitis and 6 % (n = 1) were diagnosed with an intra-abdominal infection post-procedure. Time to complete the EDGE procedure was significantly shorter at 79 ± 31 mins, compared with 158 ± 50 mins for LA-ERCP and 102 ± 43 mins for E-ERCP (P < 0.001).
Conclusion EDGE is a novel procedure with short procedure times and an effective alternative to LA-ERCP and E-ERCP in management of pancreaticobiliary diseases in patients with a history of RYGB.
Clinical efficacy and safety of palliative esophageal stenting without fluoroscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chandan Saurabh , Mohan Babu P. , Khan Shahab R. , Bhogal Neil , Canakis Andrew , Bilal Mohammad , Dhaliwal Amaninder S. , Aziz Muhammad , Mashiana Harmeet S. , Singh Shailender , Lee-Smith Wade , Ponnada Suresh , Bhat Ishfaq , Pleskow Douglas 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background and study aims Despite advances in curative treatments for esophageal cancer, many patients often present with advanced disease. Dysphagia resulting in significant weight loss and malnutrition leads to poor quality of life. Palliative esophageal stenting with self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) helps alleviate symptoms and prolongs survival. However, access to fluoroscopy may be limited at certain centers causing delay in patient care.
Methods We searched multiple databases from inception to November 2019 to identify studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of endoscopic palliative esophageal stenting and selected only those studies where fluoroscopic guidance was not used. Our primary aim was to calculate the overall technical as well as clinical success. Using meta-regression analysis, we also evaluated the effect of tumor location and obstruction length on overall technical and clinical success.
Results A total of 1778 patients from 17 studies were analyzed. A total of 2036 stents were placed without the aid of fluoroscopy. The pooled rate of technical success was 94.7 % (CI 89.9–97.3, PI 55–99; I2 = 85) and clinical success was 82.1 % (CI 67.1–91.2, PI 24–99; I2 = 87). Based on meta-regression analysis both the length of obstruction and tumor location did not have any statistically significant effect on technical and clinical success. The pooled rate of adverse events was 4.1 % (CI 2.4–7.2; I2 = 72) for stent migration, 8.1 % (CI 4.1–15.4; I2 = 89) for tumor overgrowth and 1.2 % (CI 0.7–2; I2 = 0) for perforation. The most frequent clinical adverse event was retro-sternal chest pain.
Conclusion Palliative esophageal stenting without fluoroscopy using SEMS is both safe and effective in patients with advanced esophageal cancer.
Mass Spectrometry-Based Determination of Thyroid Hormones and Their Metabolites in Endocrine Diagnostics and Biomedical Research – Implications for Human Serum Diagnostics
Authors: Köhrle Josef , Richards Keith H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe wide spectrum of novel applications for the LC-MS/MS-based analysis of thyroid hormone metabolites (THM) in blood samples and other biological specimen highlights the perspectives of this novel technology. However, thorough development of pre-analytical sample workup and careful validation of both pre-analytics and LC-MS/MS analytics, is needed, to allow for quantitative detection of the thyronome, which spans a broad concentration range in these biological samples.This minireview summarizes recent developments in advancing LC-MS/MS-based analytics and measurement of total concentrations of THM in blood specimen of humans, methods in part further refined in the context of previous achievements analyzing samples derived from cell-culture or tissues. Challenges and solutions to tackle efficient pre-analytic sample extraction and elimination of matrix interferences are compared. Options for automatization of pre-analytic sample-preparation and comprehensive coverage of the wide thyronome concentration range are presented. Conventional immunoassay versus LC-MS/MS-based determination of total and free THM concentrations are briefly compared.
Konsensusempfehlung zur strukturierten Befunderstellung onkologischer PET-Hybridbildgebung
Authors: Derlin Thorsten , Gatidis Sergios , Krause Bernd Joachim , Antoch Gerald , Kotzerke Jörg , Pinto dos Santos Daniel , Eiber Matthias , Weber Marc-André , Giesel Frederik , Pfannenberg Christina , Schlemmer Heinz-Peter , Persigehl Thorsten , Herrmann Ken , Umutlu Lale ,   Vorstand der Interdisziplinären AG für Hybride Bildgebung in alphabetischer Reihenfolge:,   Vorstand der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft (DRG) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin (DGN) in alphabetischer Reihenfolge:
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungSeit Einführung der PET/CT im Jahr 2001 bzw. der PET/MRT im Jahr 2010 ist die PET als Hybridbildgebung und Instrument einer bildgesteuerten Präzisionsmedizin zunehmend zu einem Versorgungsstandard in der Onkologie geworden. Die zentrale Schnittstelle in der Kommunikation zwischen den zuweisenden onkologisch tätigen Ärzten und dem Nuklearmediziner und Radiologen stellt der schriftliche Befund dar, der das Patientenmanagement und Outcome beeinflusst, aber auch juristisch-relevante Dokumentation der erbrachten Leistung und ärztlichen Beurteilung der erhobenen Befunde ist. Eine qualitativ hochwertige, auf die klinische Frage fokussierte Hybridbildgebung sollte im weiteren Fortgang mit einem gleichermaßen qualitativ hochwertigen, strukturierten schriftlichen Befund verbunden sein, der die klinische Frage zur Zufriedenheit des zuweisenden Arztes beantwortet. Im vorliegenden Manuskript werden daher Konsensempfehlungen zur Befundstruktur, zu Befundinhalten und zur konklusiven Beurteilung einer onkologischen Hybridbildgebung gegeben. Darüber hinaus werden beispielhafte Vorlagen für ebensolche Befunde dargestellt. Die hier dargelegten Empfehlungen zur strukturierten Befunderstellung sollen eine weitere Standardisierung und Harmonisierung onkologischer Befunde im Kontext einer Hybridbildgebung fördern und so die Kommunikation mit den zuweisenden Ärzten vereinfachen und die Akzeptanz und Wertschätzung der onkologischen Hybridbildgebung weiter unterstützen.
Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction after Surgical Management of Multiligament Knee Injury
Authors: Worley John R. , Brimmo Olubusola , Nuelle Clayton W. , Zitsch Bradford P. , Leary Emily V. , Cook James L. , Stannard James P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine factors associated with the need for revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) after multiligament knee injury (MLKI) and to report outcomes for patients undergoing revision ACLR after MLKI. This involves a retrospective review of 231 MLKIs in 225 patients treated over a 12-year period, with institutional review board approval. Patients with two or more injured knee ligaments requiring surgical reconstruction, including the ACL, were included for analyses. Overall, 231 knees with MLKIs underwent ACLR, with 10% (n = 24) requiring revision ACLR. There were no significant differences in age, sex, tobacco use, diabetes, or body mass index between cohorts requiring or not requiring revision ACLR. However, patients requiring revision ACLR had significantly longer follow-up duration (55.1 vs. 37.4 months, p = 0.004), more ligament reconstructions/repairs (mean 3.0 vs. 1.7, p < 0.001), more nonligament surgeries (mean 2.2 vs. 0.7, p = 0.002), more total surgeries (mean 5.3 vs. 2.4, p < 0.001), and more graft reconstructions (mean 4.7 vs. 2.7, p < 0.001). Patients in both groups had similar return to work (p = 0.12) and activity (p = 0.91) levels at final follow-up. Patients who had revision ACLR took significantly longer to return to work at their highest level (18 vs. 12 months, p = 0.036), but similar time to return to their highest level of activity (p = 0.33). Range of motion (134 vs. 127 degrees, p = 0.14), pain severity (2.2 vs. 1.7, p = 0.24), and Lysholm's scores (86.3 vs. 90.0, p = 0.24) at final follow-up were similar between groups. Patients requiring revision ACLR in the setting of a MLKI had more overall concurrent surgeries and other ligament reconstructions, but had similar final outcome scores to those who did not require revision surgery. Revision ligament surgery can be associated with increased pain, stiffness, and decrease patient outcomes. Revision surgery is often necessary after multiligament knee reconstructions, but patients requiring ACLR in the setting of a MLKI have good overall outcomes, with patients requiring revision ACLR at a rate of 10%.
Greater flood risks in response to slowdown of tropical cyclones over the coast of China
Authors: Lai Yangchen , Li Jianfeng , Gu Xihui , Chen Yongqin David , Kong Dongdong , Gan Thian Yew , Liu Maofeng , Li Qingquan , Wu Guofeng 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Torrential rains induced by tropical cyclones (TCs) are a major trigger of catastrophic flood hazards. Devastating TCs causing unprecedented floods in recent years were usually characterized with low translation speeds. We find that both observations and numerical simulations show a significant slowdown of TCs over the coast of China. Our analyses of long-term observations exhibit a significant increase in extreme rainfall amounts induced by TCs, and significant inverse relationships between TC translation speeds and local rainfall totals over the study period. Our probability analysis reveals the association of higher local rainfall totals and slow-moving TCs. We provide observational evidence that slowdown of TCs tends to elevate local rainfall totals and thus impose greater flood risks at the regional scale.
Functional imaging evidence for task-induced deactivation and disconnection of a major default mode network hub in the mouse brain
Authors: Ferrier Jeremy , Tiran Elodie , Deffieux Thomas , Tanter Mickael , Lenkei Zsolt 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Our report first validates an imaging technique, functional ultrasound, an experimental approach providing significantly higher sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution than fMRI, for the study of sensory stimulation-induced changes in activation and connectivity patterns in the awake mouse brain. Next, by using this approach in lightly sedated conscious mice, we provide functional evidence supporting an evolutionary preserved function of the default mode network, a set of highly connected brain areas, which is characteristically impaired in major neuropsychiatric diseases in humans. Uncovering the existence and function of the default mode network in mice, the main preclinical model organism for neuropsychiatric diseases, opens new avenues of high translational relevance for brain research and drug development.
Supervised learning through physical changes in a mechanical system
Authors: Stern Menachem , Arinze Chukwunonso , Perez Leron , Palmer Stephanie E. , Murugan Arvind 
Published: June 2020

Significance
Supervised learning algorithms can learn subtle features that distinguish one class of input examples from another. We explore a supervised training framework in which mechanical metamaterials physically learn to distinguish different classes of forces by exploiting plasticity and nonlinearities in the material. After a period of training with examples of forces, the material can respond correctly to previously unseen novel forces that share spatial correlation patterns with the training examples. Such generalization can allow mechanical parts of microelectronics and adaptive robotics to learn to distinguish patterns of force stimuli on the fly. Our work shows how learning and generalization are not restricted to software algorithms, but can naturally emerge from plasticity and nonlinearities in elastic materials.
Complex mortuary dynamics in the Upper Paleolithic of the decorated Grotte de Cussac, France
Authors: Kacki Sacha , Trinkaus Erik , Schotsmans Eline M. J. , Courtaud Patrice , Dori Irene , Dutailly Bruno , Guyomarc’h Pierre , Mora Pascal , Sparacello Vitale S. , Villotte Sébastien 
Published: June 2020

SignificanceGravettian mortuary practices provide a key perspective on social complexity during the Upper Paleolithic. Such inferences have been drawn mostly from the formal burials relatively abundant for this period. Here we present the bioanthropological study of Grotte de Cussac, a decorated cave with Gravettian human remains deposited on the floor. These bone accumulations correspond to several forms of deposition (a whole body, body parts on the surface, and dry bones in bear nests), plus displacement and removal of elements that indicate diverse and complex mortuary behaviors. The exceptional preservation during millennia of these surficial deposits illustrates steps of a mortuary landscape that are beyond reach in more usual Upper Paleolithic burial sites.
Small stories with big implications
Authors: Wooffitt Robin , Fuentes-Calle Alicia , Campbell Rebecca 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this paper we examine reports of poetic confluence, in which one person’s utterances seems to connect with another’s
unspoken or unarticulated thoughts. We argue that analysis of these narratives can be investigated as a window onto social reality, and as a
site in which social realities are produced, especially with respect to identity work. We show how this approach complements and develops
from the small story paradigm in narrative inquiry. In our discussion we try to identify common principles that may underpin work on both
the content of poetic confluence narratives, and the work done in the features of those narratives.
“My refrigerator is as much in the dark as I am”
Authors: Livnat Zohar 
Published: June 2020

This paper focuses on a particular type of metaphorical irony in which both
readings of a metaphor have to be processed in order to grasp the speaker’s
intention. Two ways in which the text encourages retention of both readings of
metaphorical expressions are discussed: (1) Metaphorical expressions that refer to
two different referents, whose comparison by the author requires keeping both
readings in mind; (2) Two kinds of contextual clues assigned to a single referent or
topic.
The examples are amusingly sophisticated, but at the same time express a critical
stance on controversial issues. The metaphorical irony enhances the critical,
evaluative aspect of the text as it contributes to its entertaining effect.
Indirectness and effectiveness of requests in professional emails
Authors: Atifi Hassan , Marcoccia Michel 
Published: June 2020

This chapter deals with the question: which strategies are used when formulating a
request in a particular context – workplace – and with a specific means of
communication (electronic mails). This research is based on a case study: the
analysis of 60 emails sent over two days by three employees of a large French
professional training company. Our research questions are: how are requests
formulated in organizational context? What relationship can we observe between
indirectness and effectiveness of email requests.
Governing the adoption of robotics and autonomous systems in long-term care in Singapore
Authors: Tan Si Ying , Taeihagh Araz 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT
Robotics and autonomous systems have been dubbed as viable technological solutions to address the incessant demand for long-term care (LTC) across the world, which is exacerbated by ageing populations. However, similar to other emerging technologies, the adoption of robotics and autonomous systems in LTC pose risks and unintended consequences. In the health and LTC sectors, there are additional bioethics concerns that are associated with novel technology applications. Using an in-depth case study, we examined the adoption of novel technologies such as robotics and autonomous systems in LTC to meet the rising social care demand in Singapore consequent to its ageing population. We first described the LTC sector in Singapore and traced the development of robotics and autonomous systems deployed in the LTC setting. We then examined technological risks and ethical issues that are associated with their applications. In addressing these technological risks and ethical concerns, Singapore has adopted a regulatory sandbox approach that fosters experimentation through the creation of a robotics test-bed and the initiation of various robotics pilots in different health clusters. The stakeholders largely envision positive scenarios of human-robot coexistence in the LTC setting. When robots can take over routine and manual care duties in the future, human care workers can be freed up to provide more personalised care to the care recipients. We also highlighted existing gaps in the governance of technological risks and ethical issues surrounding the deployment of robotics and autonomous systems in LTC that can be advanced as future research agendas.
Modeling the implementation of NDCs and the scenarios below 2°C for the Belt and Road countries
Authors: Qimin Chai , Sha Fu , Xinyuan Wen 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT

In order to understand better on medium-and long-term climate change issues in international cooperation of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), this paper is meant to assess the implementation of National Determined Contributions (NDCs) of the BRI countries and the emission constraints under the Paris Agreement to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, based on the Belt and Road Integrated Assessment Model (BRIAM) and the best available data. The results show that the BRI countries are expected to collectively reduce about 3.2 billion tons of CO
2
emissions with the implementation of their NDCs by 2030. In order to achieve the global goal of 2°C, without appropriate mitigation burden sharing and enhanced climate finance support, the BRI countries will face big challenges to bridge the emission gaps. The investment in clean energy and related new infrastructures in BRI will rise sharply to above US$100 trillion by the end of this century accordingly with the increase in carbon price, which will also eventually have a significant impact on the price of electricity and oversea freight transport in a connecting world.
Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) to Detect Abnormalities in Lung Pediatric Radiography using Particle Swarm Optimization Method
Authors: Yuliansyah M L E , Prajitno P , Soejoko D S 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The diagnosis of lung organ requires accurate analysis and interpretation. Abnormal parts such as nodules are sometimes covered by other complex lung tissue that is normal tissue. Therefore innovation is needed in analyzing and classifying normal tissue and the nodule. This study developed a Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) for radiographic of pediatric lung using segmentation Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method to detect the abnormality in lung image. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based segmentation method is combined with Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering method and Wiener filter to refine the lung region and search for abnormalities, especially for pneumonia and tuberculosis, based on the value of the image pixel. The performance evaluation of this CAD was done by calculating the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) using 136 images and compared with the reference from doctor evaluation. The overall error of this method is 11.43% or has an accuracy value of 88.57%, while its sensitivity is 90.00%, specificity is 85.00%, and precision is 93.75%. This method has a good success rate in detecting abnormal lung image. However, this segmentation method cannot detect abnormalities located on the edge of the lung, caused by the superposition of the rib image.
Monte Carlo Study of Nuclear Fragmentation in Water Irradiated with Protons and 12C Ions for Particle Therapy Applications
Authors: Convicto V , Pamisa D R , Lintasan A , Quiñones C T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In this study, the nuclear fragmentation of the secondary particles produced when water is irradiated with protons and carbons were investigated. Proton beams with varying incident energies of 100 MeV, 130 MeV, 150 MeV and 160 MeV were used with corresponding 12C ion beams of about 187.50 MeV/u, 241.67 MeV/u, 285.42 MeV/u and 308.33 MeV/u respectively. The kinetic energy distribution and energy deposition of primary and secondary particles were studied via Monte Carlo simulation with the aid of GATE v.8.0 via GEANT4 simulation toolkit version 10.3.2 with 1 x 106 incident beams. The physics list used was QGSP_BIC (Quark Gluon String Pre-compound Binary Cascade). When the primary 12C ion and proton beams interact with water, secondary light-charged and heavy-charged particles are produced with atomic number Z > 2 are produced. In general, it was shown that the incident 12C ions are less scattered as they traverse mater compared to the incident protons. Thus, the energy deposition of 12C ions is well-defined and is better in terms of conformation.