bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Stereochemistry of the C30−C63 Section of Karlotoxin 2
Authors: Umeno Keitaro , Oishi Tohru 
Published: May 2020

AbstractKarlotoxin 2 (KmTx2) is a marine natural product isolated from the dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum. The absolute configuration of KmTx2 was determined by NMR analysis in combination with degradation of the natural product, and the absolute configuration at C49 was revised by computational analysis. On the other hand, we reported revision of the absolute configuration of amphidinol 3 (AM3), whose structure is similar to that of KmTx2, by comparing NMR data of the synthesized partial structures and total synthesis of AM3. In this paper, we report the synthesis of the partial structures of KmTx2 corresponding to the C30−C63 section, and the diastereomer at C37, C41−C43, and C45−C49, which is hypothetically proposed on the basis of the revised structure of AM3. Comparison of the NMR data of the synthetic specimens with those of the natural product suggested that the absolute configuration of KmTx2 is revised to be 37R, 41R, 42R, 43R, 45R, 46R, 47R, 48S, and 49S.
Axial Elongation of Mononuclear Lanthanide Metallocenophanes: Magnetic Properties of Dysprosium‐ and Terbium‐[1]Ruthenocenophane Complexes
Authors: Risica Gabrielle M. , Vieru Veacheslav , Wilkins Branford O. , Latendresse Trevor P. , Reibenspies Joseph H. , Bhuvanesh Nattamai S. , Wylie Gregory P. , Chibotaru Liviu F. , Nippe Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe report the first f‐block‐ruthenocenophane complexes 1 (Dy) and 2 (Tb) and provide a comparative discussion of their magnetic structure with respect to earlier reported ferrocenophane analogues. While axial elongation of the rare trigonal‐prismatic geometry stabilizes the magnetic ground state in the case of Dy3+ and results in a larger barrier to magnetization reversal (U), a decrease in U is observed for the case of Tb3+.
Preparation and characterization of poly(vinylidene fluoride)‐13X zeolite mixed matrix membranes for lithium ion batteries' separator with enhanced performance
Authors: Badini Pourazar Majid , Mohammadi Toraj , Jafari Nasr Mohamad Reza , Bakhtiari Omid , Javanbakht Mehran 
Published: May 2020

Abstract13X zeolite was hydrothermally synthesized and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/13X zeolite particles mixed matrix membranes were prepared using phase inversion method as the lithium‐ion battery separator. Hydrophilic and porous 13X zeolite loading impacts on the critical separator properties of morphology, wettability, electrolyte uptake, and high temperatures dimensional stability were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, and thermal shrinkage analysis. Electrolyte uptake of the 13X zeolite particles loaded PVDF separators increased and also the incorporation facilitated the lithium ions migration (ion conductivity) due to the Lewis acidity of their structure. The 8 wt% 13X zeolite loaded separator (S2) revealed higher porosity (~+20%), electrolyte uptake (+80%), ion conductivity (+80%), and thermal shrinkage (~−47% at 165°C). C‐rate capability and cycle performance of a cell battery assembled using the S2 separator considerably improved compared with those of the assembled by the neat PVDF and commercial polypropylene separators.
Screen confessions: The test case of “breaking the silence”
Authors: Amir Dana , HaCohen Nehama 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe present paper focuses on the phenomenon of “screen confessions” (the term was chosen to allude to Freud's “screen memories”): perpetrators' voluntary confessional texts which create false presentation of a coherent link between the speakers and their deeds—while in fact using multiple sophisticated mechanisms in order to undermine this link. The main hypothesis is that screen confessions are created through the perpetrator's use of a double language which dissociates between overt and hidden contents, and which rewrites factual and emotional history alike. The duplicity of this language is expressed through the massive use of screening mechanisms, such as the mechanical use of military or official rhetoric; the heavy use of passive rather than active constructions; the creation of a false moral hierarchy and a false causality, and the displacement of the position of the victim to the perpetrator him or herself. Seven hundred and ten testimonies of Israeli army veterans from the archive of “Breaking the Silence” (an organization of veteran combatants who have taken it upon themselves to expose the Israeli public to the reality of everyday life in the Occupied Territories) were qualitatively analyzed by two researchers, focusing on the use of psycho‐linguistic defense mechanisms. The analysis validated, as demonstrated through a close reading of five testimonial vignettes, the effectiveness of deploying psycho‐linguistic‐defense mechanisms in differentiating between screen confessions versus transformative confessions.
Long‐term changes of marine subtidal benthic communities in North East Asia (Yellow and Japan seas) in a global change context: A review
Authors: Chen Linlin , Lutaenko Konstantin A. , Li Xiaojing , Li Xinzheng , Zhou Zhengquan , Li Baoquan , Pavlyuk Olga N. , Tarasova Tatyana S. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

A review of the long‐term changes and variations in benthic communities and the current status of the marine invasive species (MIS) in shallow waters of the Yellow Sea (Chinese sector) and the Sea of Japan (Russian and partly Korean sectors) is presented. This paper reflects on the progress and lessons learned, recommending actions for the future about the conservation of biodiversity.
In the Bohai Sea, the benthic ecosystem has been degenerating due to anthropogenic activities such as overfishing and pollution since the 1950s. The dominant position of K‐strategy species is gradually being lost and replaced by R‐strategy species. In the Yellow Sea, the macrobenthic community is different from other areas due to the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass. Many economic species have been destroyed, and the biotic structure has changed significantly due to overfishing and climate change.
In the Russian sector of the Sea of Japan, the macrobenthic communities in the shallow‐water soft bottom have generally been in a stable condition for the last decades, except for some heavily polluted or disturbed areas due to dredging operations. The abundance of select large invertebrate species has changed considerably due to commercial fishing and poaching. Variations in macro‑ and meiobenthic communities under aquaculture conditions have occurred on a local scale during the last five decades.
MIS show obvious differences between China and Russia in the following aspects: introduction pathways of MIS, composition and number of non‐native species, threats and impacts of MIS to native communities and ecosystems, and economic and public health impacts.
Long‐term monitoring programmes should be developed to reveal future biotic changes and to separate the effects of cyclic variations of benthic communities from the impacts of pollution and eutrophication. Standardization of sampling procedures is required to compare changes/alternations in benthos across various regions worldwide.
Detecting fake news stories via multimodal analysis
Authors: Singh Vivek K. , Ghosh Isha , Sonagara Darshan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractFiltering, vetting, and verifying digital information is an area of core interest in information science. Online fake news is a specific type of digital misinformation that poses serious threats to democratic institutions, misguides the public, and can lead to radicalization and violence. Hence, fake news detection is an important problem for information science research. While there have been multiple attempts to identify fake news, most of such efforts have focused on a single modality (e.g., only text‐based or only visual features). However, news articles are increasingly framed as multimodal news stories, and hence, in this work, we propose a multimodal approach combining text and visual analysis of online news stories to automatically detect fake news. Drawing on key theories of information processing and presentation, we identify multiple text and visual features that are associated with fake or credible news articles. We then perform a predictive analysis to detect features most strongly associated with fake news. Next, we combine these features in predictive models using multiple machine‐learning techniques. The experimental results indicate that a multimodal approach outperforms single‐modality approaches, allowing for better fake news detection.
Molybdenum Carbide‐Embedded Multichannel Hollow Carbon Nanofibers as Bifunctional Catalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Ji Changchun , Yang Guang , Ilango P. Robert , Song Junnan , Yu Deshuang , Han Sujun , Zhang Dongxing , Li Linlin , Peng Shengjie 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWith the environmental pollution and non‐renewable fossil fuels, it is imperative to develop eco‐friendly, renewable, and highly efficient electrocatalysts for sustainable energy. Herein, a simple electrospinning process used to synthesis Mo2C‐embedded multichannel hollow carbon nanofibers (Mo2C‐MCNFs) and followed by the pyrolysis process. As prepared lotus root‐like nanoarchitecture could offer rich porosity and facilitate the electrolyte infiltration, the Mo2C‐MCNFs delivered favourable catalytic activity for HER and OER. The resultant catalysts exhibit low overpotentials of 114 mV and 320 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for HER and OER, respectively. Furthermore, using the Mo2C‐MCNFs catalysts as a bifunctional electrode toward overall water splitting, which only needs a small cell voltage of 1.68 V to afford a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in the home‐made alkaline electrolyzer. This interesting work presents a simple and effective strategy to further fabricating tunable nanostructures for energy‐related applications.
Talking to Customers and Communities About PFAS
Authors: Henderson Katie , Deines Allison , Ozekin Kenan , Moeller Jeff , Fulmer Alice , McGregor Stefani 
Published: May 2020

Key TakeawaysScientific research on PFAS is ongoing, but risk communication guidance can be used by drinking water utilities to protect public health and establish trust with customers.Risk communication strategies enable utilities to be timely, credible, and respectful in addressing customer concerns about PFAS risks from drinking water.In an uncertain time, proactive messaging can ensure a water utility responds to customer inquiries about PFAS with empathy and transparency.
Process intensification for cytochrome P450 BM3‐catalyzed oxy‐functionalization of dodecanoic acid
Authors: Buergler Moritz B. , Dennig Alexander , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSelective oxy‐functionalization of nonactivated C‐H bonds is a long‐standing “dream reaction” of organic synthesis for which chemical methodology is not well developed. Mono‐oxygenase enzymes are promising catalysts for such oxy‐functionalization to establish. Limitation on their applicability arises from low reaction output. Here, we showed an integrated approach of process engineering to the intensification of the cytochrome P450 BM3‐catalyzed hydroxylation of dodecanoic acid (C12:0). Using P450 BM3 together with glucose dehydrogenase for regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), we compared soluble and co‐immobilized enzymes in O2‐gassed and pH‐controlled conversions at high final substrate concentrations (≥40mM). We identified the main engineering parameters of process output (i.e., O2 supply; mixing correlated with immobilized enzyme stability; foam control correlated with product isolation; substrate solubilization) and succeeded in disentangling their complex interrelationship for systematic process optimization. Running the reaction at O2‐limited conditions at up to 500‐ml scale (10% dimethyl sulfoxide; silicone antifoam), we developed a substrate feeding strategy based on O2 feedback control. Thus, we achieved high reaction rates of 1.86g·L−1·hr−1 and near complete conversion (≥90%) of 80mM (16g/L) C12:0 with good selectivity (≤5% overoxidation). We showed that “uncoupled reaction” of the P450 BM3 (~95% utilization of NADPH and O2 not leading to hydroxylation) with the C12:0 hydroxylated product limited the process efficiency at high product concentration. Hydroxylated product (~7g; ≥92% purity) was recovered from 500ml reaction in 82% yield using ethyl‐acetate extraction. Collectively, these results demonstrate key engineering parameters for the biocatalytic oxy‐functionalization and show their integration into a coherent strategy for process intensification.
The neonatal Fc receptor in cancer FcRn in cancer
Authors: Cadena Castaneda Diana , Brachet Guillaume , Goupille Caroline , Ouldamer Lobna , Gouilleux‐Gruart Valérie 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTSince the neonatal IgG Fc receptor (FcRn) was discovered, it was found to be involved in immunoglobulin recycling and biodistribution, immune complexes routing, antigen presentation, humoral immune response, and cancer immunosurveillance. The latest data show that FcRn plays a part in cancer pathophysiology. In various types of cancers, such as lung and colorectal cancer, FcRn has been described as an early marker for prognosis. Dysregulation of FcRn expression by cancer cells allows them to increase their metabolism, and this process could be exploited for passive targeting of cytotoxic drugs. However, the roles of this receptor depend on whether the studied cell population is the tumor tissue or the infiltrating cells, bringing forward the need for further studies.
PD‐L1 (SP142) expression in neoplastic cells predicts a poor prognosis for patients with intravascular large B‐cell lymphoma treated with rituximab‐based multi‐agent chemotherapy
Authors: Suzuki Yuka , Kohno Kei , Matsue Kosei , Sakakibara Ayako , Ishikawa Eri , Shimada Satoko , Shimada Kazuyuki , Mabuchi Seiyo , Takahara Taishi , Kato Seiichi , Nakamura Shigeo , Satou Akira 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundIntravascular large B‐cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare form of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) arising in extranodal sites. PD‐L1 expression of tumor cells has been reported in IVLBCL cells, but its clinicopathological relevance remains to be elucidated.AimsThis study was aimed to reveal the characteristics of PD‐L1+ IVLBCL.Methods and resultsNeoplastic PD‐L1 expression was examined in 34 cases of IVLBCL and clinicopathological characteristics between patients with PD‐L1+ and PD‐L1− IVLBCL were compared. We assessed PD‐L1 expression with SP142 antibody. Twelve (35%) of 34 cases showed positivity for PD‐L1. The PD‐L1+ group had significantly lower survival rates compared to the PD‐L1− group. The PD‐L1+ IVLBCL group also had a significantly lower age distribution and a lower frequency of patients older than 60 years compared to the PD‐L1− group. Very recently, we speculate that there is possible link between PD‐L1+ IVLBCL and PD‐L1+ extranodal DLBCL‐NOS (eDLBCL) because features of the two groups showed overlapping. Therefore, we compared the clinicopathological characteristics of the PD‐L1+ IVLBCL and PD‐L1+ eDLBCL. There were no significant differences in clinicopathological parameters and prognosis.ConclusionThe worse prognosis of the PD‐L1+ group might be caused by immune evasion mechanisms, which are linked to PD‐L1 expression. Therefore, PD‐L1+ IVLBCL cases might be regarded as good candidates for targeted immunotherapy. We also highlighted the overlapping features of PD‐L1+ IVLBCL and PD‐L1+ eDLBCL. This result suggests that they should be regarded as one entity, immune evasion‐related extranodal large B‐cell lymphoma.
Synthesis and Solid State Conformation of Tetrapeptide Amides Containing two Aib and two (αMe)Phe Residues – Use of Enantiomerically Pure 2‐Benzyl‐2‐methyl‐2H‐azirin‐3‐amines as (αMe)Phe‐Synthons
Authors: Bucher Christoph B. , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA series of tetrapeptide amides containing two aminoisobutyric acids (Aib) and two α‐methylphenylalanine ((αMe)Phe) units were prepared through the ‘azirine/oxazolone method’. New 2‐benzyl‐2‐methyl‐2H‐azirin‐3‐amines have been used for the selective introduction of (S)‐ and (R)‐(αMe)Phe, respectively. The solid‐state conformations of five tetrapeptide amides were determined by X‐ray crystallography. In all cases, two β‐turns stabilize 310‐helical conformations and it was confirmed that, in contrast to proteinogenic amino acids, the configuration of (αMe)Phe does not determine the screw sense of the helix.
Overexpression of long noncoding RNA HOXA‐AS2 predicts an adverse prognosis and promotes tumorigenesis via SOX4/PI3K/AKT pathway in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Qu Yi , Wang Yue , Wang Pingping , Lin Na , Yan Xiaojing , Li Yan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in diverse cellular processes and carcinogenesis. Homeobox A cluster antisense RNA 2 (HOXA‐AS2) is a 1,048‐basepairs lncRNA located between human HOXA3 and HOXA4 genes, whose overactivation was previously found to promote the proliferation and invasion of solid tumors. However, its clinical and biological roles in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain unclear. This study showed that HOXA‐AS2 was overexpressed in AML patients. In addition, the increased HOXA‐AS2 expression was correlated with higher white blood cell and bone marrow blast counts, unfavorable karyotype classification, more measurable residual disease positivity, and earlier death. There was also a tendency toward inferior survival in patients with high HOXA‐AS2 expression, and HOXA‐AS2 was an independent prognostic factor among the normal‐karyotype AMLs. Furthermore, the results of in vitro study showed that silencing HOXA‐AS2 significantly inhibited the growth of leukemic cells by inducing G1/G0‐phase arrest and apoptosis. Further analysis demonstrated that silencing HOXA‐AS2 suppressed the phosphorylation level of PI3K and AKT, which thereafter promoted the expression of P21 and P27. Moreover, it was suggested that the sex‐determining region Y‐box 4 (SOX4), which is closely involved in the PI3K/AKT pathway, might be one of the major downstream targets of HOXA‐AS2. Silencing HOXA‐AS2 decreased the expression of SOX4, whereas the upregulation of SOX4 partially abrogated the inhibitory effect of silencing HOXA‐AS2 on leukemic cells. In conclusion, these findings suggest that HOXA‐AS2 probably functions as an oncogene via SOX4/PI3K/AKT pathway and might be a useful biomarker for the prognostic prediction in AML patients, providing a potential therapeutic target for AML.
Impact of prior coronary artery bypass grafting in patients undergoing chronic total occlusion‐percutaneous coronary intervention: Procedural and clinical outcomes from the REgistry of Crossboss and Hybrid procedures in FrAnce, the NetheRlands, BelGium, and UnitEd Kingdom (RECHARGE)
Authors: Budassi Simone , Zivelonghi Carlo , Dens Joseph , Bagnall Alan J. , Knaapen Paul , Avran Alexandre , Spratt James C. , Walsh Simon , Faurie Benjamin , Agostoni Pierfrancesco ,   of all the RECHARGE investigators
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimChronic total occlusions (CTO) in patients with history of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) show more advanced and complex atherosclerotic pathology. Aim of our study is to compare outcomes in patients undergoing CTO percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with previous CABG versus those without in the REgistry of Crossboss and Hybrid procedures in FrAnce the NetheRlands, BelGium and UnitEd Kingdom (RECHARGE).Methods & resultsThe RECHARGE cohort (1,252 patients) was divided in two groups according to the presence of previous CABG (217) or not. We also focused, in the post‐CABG group, on a comparison between CTO in previously grafted vessels versus non‐grafted vessels. The CTO complexity scores were higher and the success rate (71.9% vs. 88.7%, p < .001) was lower in the CABG group, this difference was driven by higher failure rates in high‐complexity‐score CTO. The rate of in‐hospital complications was similar. In the post‐CABG group, the procedural success of CTO located in previously grafted vessels versus those in vessels not previously grafted, was comparably suboptimal (73.1% vs. 68%, p = .47).ConclusionPatients undergoing CTO PCI with prior CABG have a higher prevalence of comorbidities and more complex lesion characteristics. In the post‐CABG population the success rate was significantly lower, particularly in high CTO complexity scores, though complication rates were comparable. In the post‐CABG population, the CTO success rate was independent of the presence of a previous graft on the CTO vessel.
In Situ Spectroelectrochemical Investigation of Potential‐Dependent Changes in an Amphiphilic Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquid Film on the Au(111) Electrode Surface
Authors: Sieling Thorben , Brand Izabella 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe stability of ionic liquids (ILs) at charged interfaces makes them very attractive in electrochemical applications. In this work, a Langmuir–Blodgett transfer is used to fabricate a monolayer of an amphiphilic 1‐methyl‐3‐octadecylimidazolium perchlorate IL on the Au(111) surface. The IL monolayer immersed in an aqueous electrolyte solution is very stable over a wide potential window. Polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy is used to monitor structural changes in the model of the electrical double layer of the IL in aqueous solution. The imidazolium cation is in direct contact with the Au(111) surface. The imidazolium ring adopts a rigid orientation, inclined toward the metal surface, in the monolayer on the Au(111) surface. The orientation of hydrocarbon chains responds to electric potentials. At low negative surface charge densities of the Au(111) electrode, the hydrocarbon chains in the amphiphilic cation have a large average tilt versus surface normal. A negative potential shift is accompanied by a reorientation of the hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains that adopt an up‐ward orientation, making the film permeable for counter‐ and/or co‐ions. This transition leads to the formation of an ordered, single‐component monolayer of the amphiphilic cation on the electrode surface.
Recent Developments in Electrochemistry–Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Herl Thomas , Matysik Frank‐Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractHyphenation of electrochemistry and mass spectrometry is an attractive method to investigate oxidation and reduction processes. By using mass spectrometry, electrochemically generated products can be identified. In this Review, different approaches to electrochemistry–mass spectrometry will be summarized, including hyphenation of electrochemical flow cells to mass spectrometry as well as integration of separation steps between electrochemical reactions and detection of products. Fields of application range from bioanalytical studies to studies regarding corrosion, electrosynthesis and energy carriers. Important historical developments will be highlighted, followed by an overview of terminology and instrumental setups and discussion of developments within recent years (2017–2020).
Triptycene End‐Capped Benzothienobenzothiophene and Naphthothienobenzothiophene
Authors: Ueberricke Lucas , Schwarz Julia , Ghalami Farhad , Matthiesen Maik , Rominger Frank , Elbert Sven M. , Zaumseil Jana , Elstner Marcus , Mastalerz Michael 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPreviously it was demonstrated that triptycene end‐capping can be used as a crystal engineering strategy to direct the packing of quinoxalinophenanthrophenazines (QPPs) towards cofacially stacked π dimers with large molecular overlap resulting in high charge transfer integrals. Remarkably, this packing motif was formed under different crystallization conditions and with a variety of derivatives bearing additional functional groups or aromatic substituents. Benzothienobenzothiophene (BTBT) and its derivatives are known as some of the best performing compounds for organic field‐effect transistors. Here, the triptycene end‐capping concept is introduced to this class of compounds and polymorphic crystal structures are investigated to evaluate the potential of triptycene end‐caps as synthons for crystal engineering.