bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STRICT LIABILITY: A SOLUTION TO HOLD PEATLAND DESTROYERS ACCOUNTABLE
Authors: Novendra Bayu , Wiryadi Kania Jennifer 
Published: December 2020

In 2019, burned forests and peatlands reached 328 thousand hectares. The World Bank estimates that total loss from this event reached 5.2 billion USD. At least, until September 2019, there were 900,000 residents who experienced respiratory health problems and hundreds of schools in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore had to stop teaching and learning activities due to the haze. One of the factors that ‘fertilizes’ problems for destruction of forests and peatlands that continue to grow is difficulty to account the perpetrator. This paper will attempt to answer and solve these problems with the concept of strict liability. This research will answer two problems, how can the concept of strict liability solve the issues for peatland law enforcement? And how does the application of strict liability rules compare with Netherlands and United States? The government has pursued a moratorium policy. Starting from Presidential Instruction (Inpres) No. 10 year 2011 and extended by Inpres No. 6 year 2013 also Inpres No. 8 year 2015. However, this policy is considered unsatisfactory because there are still forestry and plantation permits issued by the government and massive forest and land burning. Therefore, there needs a solution from a repressive approach to provide a deterrent effect on forest fire perpetrators. Strict liability concept means that the defendant will still be responsible even though his activities were lawful and carried out carefully. Furthermore, strict liability is an accountability that not only eliminates elements of subjective error, but also objectively. Some countries have practiced strict liability, namely the Netherlands and the United States.

Keywords: Forest Fire, Law Enforcement, Moratorium, Peatland, Strict Liability
PENGELOLAAN KAS YANG TEPAT UNTUK MENJAGA LIKUIDITAS PADA KOPERASI PEGAWAI REPUBLIK INDONESIA (KPRI) JAYA KOTA BIMA
Authors: Hartoyo Hartoyo , Arsad Arsad 
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengelolaan kas yang tepat untuk menjaga likuiditas pada Koperasi Pegawai Republik Indonesia (KPRI) JAYA Kota Bima. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Informan kunci (key informan) adalah Ketua KPRI Jaya Kota Bima. Informan lain adalah pengurus dan pengawas KPRI Jaya Kota Bima. Informan keseluruhan berjumlah 6 (enam) orang. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan kemampuan koperasi dalam memenuhi kewajiban jangka pendek yang harus segera dipenuhi pada KPRI Jaya Kota Bima, selama empat tahun dari tahun 2016 sampai dengan tahun 2019 terus terjadi peningkatan yaitu pada tahun 2016 tingkat perputaran kas koperasi sebesar 13,25 kali, tahun 2017 sebesar 29,87 kali, pada tahun 2018 sebesar 123,67 kali dan tahun 2019 sebesar 265,39 kali. Sedangkan tingkat rasio likuditas yang dicapai KPRI Jaya Kota Bima juga mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2016-2019 yaitu pada tahun 2016 sebesar 14,19%, tahun 2017 sebesar 15,29%, tahun 2018 sebesar 18,61% dan tahun 2019 sebesar 22,59%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan kas pada KPRI Jaya Kota Bima mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya, yang diikuti pula dengan peningkatan rasio likuiditas. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengelolaan kas untuk menjaga likuiditas pada KPRI Jaya Kota Bima sudah tepat.
PENGARUH FAKTOR-FAKTOR KEPENDUDUKAN TERHADAP PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI DI KOTA BIMA
Authors: Burhanuddin Burhanuddin , Sandi Ahmad , Mandyara Dewi Ratna Muchlisa 
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor-faktor kependudukan terhadap pembangunan ekonomi di Kota Bima. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan menggunakan data time series selama kurun waktu 2015-2019. Berdasarkan analisis data dan pembahasan yang telah dikemukakan, maka diperoleh kesimpulan sebagai berikut: (1) Variabel pertumbuhan penduduk berpengaruh signifikan dan berhubungan positif terhadap pembangunan ekonomi di Kota Bima. (2) Variabel tenaga kerja berpengaruh signifikan dan berhubungan positif terhadap pembangunan ekonomi di Kota Bima. (3) Variabel rasio beban tanggungan tidak berpengaruh signifikan dan berhubungan positif terhadap pembangunan ekonomi di Kota Bima. Hal ini disebabkan oleh penduduk usia belum produktif terlibat dalam pembangunan ekonomi dengan bekerja dan mendapatkan pendapatan di Kota Bima, tingkat kematian alamiah penduduk usia tidak produktif tinggi, serta banyaknya migrasi permanen yang rata-rata usia kerja di Kota Bima. (4) Variabel rasio jenis kelamin berpengaruh signifikan dan berhubungan positif terhadap pembangunan ekonomi di Kota Bima. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh jenis kelamin terhadap produktivitas tenaga kerja yang dimana variabel jenis kelamin berpengaruh positif terhadap produktifitas tenaga kerja. Yang dimana produktivitas tenaga kerja merupakan salah satu indikator penting dalam menentukan arah pembangunan, merupakan alat untuk mengetahui struktur ekonomi suatu wilayah; dan (5). Variabel pertumbuhan penduduk, tenaga kerja, rasio beban tanggungan dan rasio jenis kelamin berpengaruh secara simultan dan signifikan terhadap pembangunan ekonomi di Kota Bima.
Kompetenta flickor med förmågor
Authors: Edenroth Cato Fanny 
Published: December 2020

Den här studien analyserar tolv barnböcker som är tänkta att upplysa både barn och vuxna om barns erfarenheter av att ha en neuropsykiatrisk diagnos eller att vara högkänslig. Utifrån en poststrukturalistisk ansats och problematisering av några barndomssociologiska begrepp, undersöks här subjektsformering av känsliga flickor och funktionsvarierade barndomar. I böckerna är funktionsvariationer främst gestaltade som förmågor. Samtidigt handlar berättelserna om hur man ska hantera de utmaningar som barnens socialt problematiska beteenden och lidanden medför. Barn förstås både som kompetenta och sårbara aktörer – subjekt i varande och blivande. Analysen visar att ett idealt medborgerligt barnsubjekt produceras i böckerna. Denna typ av kompetenta och medgörliga barnfigur deltar i de beslut som fattas kring hennes kropp och liv. Hon uppvisar ett självreflexivt förhållningssätt och en positiv inställning till de insatser som ofta åtföljer en diagnos, som att bekänna den och engagera sig i terapi. Genom identifikationsprocessen blir flickorna subjekt som hanterar sina beteenden och känslor på diagnosens premisser och därigenom omdefinierar sig själva.
The Interaction Between Microorganisms, Metabolites, and Immune System in the Female Genital Tract Microenvironment
Authors: Li Huanrong , Zang Yuqin , Wang Chen , Li Huiyang , Fan Aiping , Han Cha , Xue Fengxia 
Published: December 2020

The female reproductive tract microenvironment includes microorganisms, metabolites, and immune components, and the balance of the interactions among them plays an important role in maintaining female reproductive tract homeostasis and health. When any one of the reproductive tract microorganisms, metabolites, or immunity is out of balance, it will affect the other two, leading to the occurrence and development of diseases and the appearance of corresponding symptoms and signs, such as infertility, miscarriage, premature delivery, and gynecological tumors caused by infectious diseases of the reproductive tract. Nutrients in the female reproductive tract provide symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms with a source of nutrients for their own reproduction and utilization. At the same time, this interaction with the host forms a variety of metabolites. Changes in metabolites in the host reproductive tract are related not only to the interaction between the host and microbiota under dysbiosis but also to changes in host immunity or the environment, all of which will participate in the pathogenesis of diseases and lead to disease-related phenotypes. Microorganisms and their metabolites can also interact with host immunity, activate host immunity, and change the host immune status and are closely related to persistent genital pathogen infections, aggravation of infectious diseases, severe pregnancy outcomes, and even gynecological cancers. Therefore, studying the interaction between microorganisms, metabolites, and immunity in the reproductive tract cannot only reveal the pathogenic mechanisms that lead to inflammation of the reproductive tract, adverse pregnancy outcomes and tumorigenesis but also provide a basis for further research on the diagnosis and treatment of targets.
Effect of Early vs. Delayed or No Intubation on Clinical Outcomes of Patients With COVID-19: An Observational Study
Authors: Siempos Ilias I. , Xourgia Eleni , Ntaidou Theodora K. , Zervakis Dimitris , Magira Eleni E. , Kotanidou Anastasia , Routsi Christina , Zakynthinos Spyros G. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Optimal timing of initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 is unknown. Thanks to early flattening of the epidemiological curve, ventilator demand in Greece was kept lower than supply throughout the pandemic, allowing for unbiased comparison of the outcomes of patients undergoing early intubation vs. delayed or no intubation.Methods: We conducted an observational study including all adult patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 consecutively admitted in Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece between March 11, 2020 and April 15, 2020. Patients subsequently admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) were categorized into the “early intubation” vs. the “delayed or no intubation” group. The “delayed or no intubation” group included patients receiving non-rebreather mask for equal to or more than 24 h or high-flow nasal oxygen for any period of time or non-invasive mechanical ventilation for any period of time in an attempt to avoid intubation. The remaining intubated patients comprised the “early intubation” group.Results: During the study period, a total of 101 patients (37% female, median age 65 years) were admitted in the hospital. Fifty-nine patients (58% of the entire cohort) were exclusively hospitalized in general wards with a mortality of 3% and median length of stay of 7 days. Forty-two patients (19% female, median age 65 years) were admitted in the ICU; all with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Of those admitted in the ICU, 62% had at least one comorbidity and 14% were never intubated. Early intubation was not associated with higher ICU-mortality (21 vs. 33%), fewer ventilator-free days (3 vs. 2 days) or fewer ICU-free days than delayed or no intubation.Conclusions: A strategy of early intubation was not associated with worse clinical outcomes compared to delayed or no intubation. Given that early intubation may presumably reduce virus aerosolization, these results may justify further research with a randomized controlled trial.
Concordance Between Watson for Oncology and Multidisciplinary Teams in Colorectal Cancer: Prognostic Implications and Predicting Concordance
Authors: Mao Chenchen , Yang Xinxin , Zhu Ce , Xu Jingxuan , Yu Yaojun , Shen Xian , Huang Yingpeng 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundWatson for Oncology (WFO) is a cognitive computing system that provides clinical decision support. This study examined the concordance between the treatment recommendations for colorectal cancer (CRC) proposed by WFO and those recommended by the multidisciplinary teams (MDTs), and evaluated the influence of concordance on the prognosis.MethodsWe retrospectively collected 175 patients with colorectal cancer who received treatment recommended by MDTs at a hospital in China, and evaluated them using WFO. Concordance between the two recommendations was analyzed. The overall survival was analyzed between concordant and non-concordant groups. Logistic regression analyses were performed and a concordance-predicting model was developed.ResultsConcordance between WFO’ and MDTs’ recommendations occurred in 66.9% (117/175) of cases. The overall survival (OS) was significantly better in concordant group and non-concordance was found to be an independent prognostic factor [hazard ratio (HR)=2.784 (95% CI 1.264–6.315)]. Logistic regression analyses determined that tumor type [odds ratio (OR)= 2.195 for left colon cancer and OR=2.502 for rectum cancer], and TNM stage (OR=0.545 for stage II, OR=0.187 for stage III, OR=0.127 for stage IV) were independently related with concordance, which were used to develop a concordance-predictive-nomogram.ConclusionsTreatment recommendations for patients with colorectal cancer determined by WFO and MDTs were mostly concordant. However, the survival was better among concordant patients and non-concordance was found to be an independent prognostic factor. This study presents a nomogram that can be conveniently used for predicting individualized concordance. However, our findings should be prospectively validated in multi-center trials.
Histological Characteristics and Early-Stage Diagnosis Are Associated With Better Survival in Young Patients With Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis Based on Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Database
Authors: Huang Yue , Ming Xiu , Li Bingjie , Li Zhengyu 
Published: December 2020

PurposeTo analyze the potential prognostic factors of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in women aged under 35 compared to those aged 60–79.MethodsCases were retrospectively obtained from SEER database. Clinical characteristics, such as race, histological type, AJCC stage, laterality of tumors, CA125 results, and surgical strategies, were analyzed in &lt; 35 years group and 60–79 years group. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to evaluate overall survival (OS) and cause-specific survival (CSS). Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the predictors for CSS.ResultsSixteen thousand eight hundred forty-seven EOC patients diagnosed in 2004–2015 were identified from SEER database, with 1,015 aged under 35 and 15,833 aged 60–79. In &lt; 35 years group, mucinous (32.2%) was the most common histological type, followed by high-grade serous (26.6%) and endometrioid (18.3%), while in 60–79 years group, high-grade serous (68.3%) represented the leading histological type. Most young women were diagnosed at stage I (57.7%), while most old women were diagnosed at stage (48.1%). Both 5-year OS and 5-year CSS were higher in &lt; 35 years group (5-year OS: 76.00% vs 40.18%, p &lt; 0.001; 5-year CSS: 83.56% vs 55.18%, p &lt; 0.001). The multivariate analysis identified histological type and stage as prognostic factors for CSS in both groups. Endometrioid represented a positive predictor for CSS, while carcinosarcoma and malignant Brenner were related to a worse CSS. (&lt; 35 years group: carcinosarcoma vs endometrioid: HR 5.630, p=0.024; malignant Brenner vs endometrioid: HR 4.005, p &lt; 0.001; 60–79 years group: carcinosarcoma vs endometrioid: HR 3.606, p &lt; 0.001; malignant Brenner vs endometrioid: HR 2.291, p &lt; 0.001). Tumors laterality, CA125 levels, surgery and lymphadenectomy failed to be associated with the CSS in &lt; 35 years group, while found to be independent risk factors in 60–79 years group.ConclusionEOC women aged under 35 had a better survival outcome over EOC women aged 60–79, owing to high proportion of endometrioid and mucinous types in histology, as well as early-stage diagnosis. Identification of histological types and gene profiles should be underscored in young EOC patients.
Extensive Simulated Diving Aggravates Endothelial Dysfunction in Male Pro-atherosclerotic ApoE Knockout Rats
Authors: Berenji Ardestani Simin , Matchkov Vladimir V. , Hansen Kasper , Jespersen Nichlas Riise , Pedersen Michael , Eftedal Ingrid 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionThe average age of the diving population is rising, and the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in divers are accordingly increasing. It is an open question whether this risk is altered by diving per se. In this study, we examined the effect of 7-weeks simulated diving on endothelial function and mitochondrial respiration in atherosclerosis-prone rats.MethodsTwenty-four male ApoE knockout (KO) rats (9-weeks-old) were fed a Western diet for 8 weeks before 12 rats were exposed to simulated heliox dry-diving in a pressure chamber (600 kPa for 60 min, decompression of 50 kPa/min). The rats were dived twice-weekly for 7 weeks, resulting in a total of 14 dives. The remaining 12 non-diving rats served as controls. Endothelial function of the pulmonary and mesenteric arteries was examined in vitro using an isometric myograph. Mitochondrial respiration in cardiac muscle tissues was measured using high-resolution respirometry.Results and ConclusionBoth ApoE KO diving and non-diving rats showed changes in endothelial function at the end of the intervention, but the extent of these changes was larger in the diving group. Altered nitric oxide signaling was primarily involved in these changes. Mitochondrial respiration was unaltered. In this pro-atherosclerotic rat model of cardiovascular changes, extensive diving appeared to aggravate endothelial dysfunction rather than promote adaptation to oxidative stress.
3D Compressed Convolutional Neural Network Differentiates Neuromyelitis Optical Spectrum Disorders From Multiple Sclerosis Using Automated White Matter Hyperintensities Segmentations
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Yu Zhezhou , Wang Yao , Zhang Huimao , Luo Yishan , Shi Lin , Wang Yan , Guo Chunjie 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a wide range of applications in medical imaging. Recently, studies based on deep learning algorithms have demonstrated powerful processing capabilities for medical imaging data. Previous studies have mostly focused on common diseases that usually have large scales of datasets and centralized the lesions in the brain. In this paper, we used deep learning models to process MRI images to differentiate the rare neuromyelitis optical spectrum disorder (NMOSD) from multiple sclerosis (MS) automatically, which are characterized by scattered and overlapping lesions.MethodsWe proposed a novel model structure to capture 3D MRI images’ essential information and converted them into lower dimensions. To empirically prove the efficiency of our model, firstly, we used a conventional 3-dimensional (3D) model to classify the T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR) images and proved that the traditional 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) models lack the learning capacity to distinguish between NMOSD and MS. Then, we compressed the 3D T2-FLAIR images by a two-view compression block to apply two different depths (18 and 34 layers) of 2D models for disease diagnosis and also applied transfer learning by pre-training our model on ImageNet dataset.ResultsWe found that our models possess superior performance when our models were pre-trained on ImageNet dataset, in which the models’ average accuracies of 34 layers model and 18 layers model were 0.75 and 0.725, sensitivities were 0.707 and 0.708, and specificities were 0.759 and 0.719, respectively. Meanwhile, the traditional 3D CNN models lacked the learning capacity to distinguish between NMOSD and MS.ConclusionThe novel CNN model we proposed could automatically differentiate the rare NMOSD from MS, especially, our model showed better performance than traditional3D CNN models. It indicated that our 3D compressed CNN models are applicable in handling diseases with small-scale datasets and possess overlapping and scattered lesions.
Mental Health Determinants Among a Psychiatric Outpatient Sample of Vietnamese Migrants in Germany
Authors: Wolf Simon , Hahn Eric , Wingenfeld Katja , Nguyen Main Huong , von Poser Anita , Nguyen Thi Hoa , Hanewald Bernd , Böge Kerem , Bajbouj Malek , Dettling Michael , Nguyen Van Tuan , Ta Thi Minh Tam 
Published: December 2020

Background: Mental health risk-factors for Asian migrants have been studied almost exclusively in the US, Canada, and Australia but not in European countries. Therefore, we aimed to identify sociodemographic, clinical, and migration-surrounding factors associated with experienced mental distress among Vietnamese migrants in Germany.Method: 305 Vietnamese migrants utilizing Germany's first Vietnamese psychiatric outpatient clinic filled out at admission the Brief-Symptom-Inventory 18 (BSI-18) as well as a questionnaire on 22 potential mental health determinants. Using a multiple linear regression model, we identified those sociodemographic, clinical, and migration-surrounding factors that were significantly related to the Global Severity Index (GSI) of the BSI-18.Results: The factors unemployment (B = −6.32, p = 0.014), financial problems (B = −10.71, p &lt; 0.001), no or only little religious involvement (B = −3.23, p = 0.002), no psychiatric precontact (B = −7.35, p = 0.004), previous migration experiences (B = 8.76, p = 0.002), and perceived discrimination (B = 6.58, p = 0.011) were found to significantly increase the level of mental distress according to the BSI-GSI.Conclusion: Based on these results, we were able to construct a mental health risk-profile for Vietnamese migrants in Germany, which aims to detect candidates for psychiatric problems earlier and supply them with customized prevention and therapy options.
Mastery and glove use in nursing practice at the Hassan II University Teaching Hospital of Fes- Morocco
Authors: Moussa Benboubker , Aziz Nhili , Sadki Tarik , El Marnissi Boujamaa 
Published: December 2020

Gloves are worn to protect hands from contamination and microorganisms; this measurement tries to isolate the hands of the healthcare workers to ensure a better protection, with an aim of minimizing the risk of transmission of infectious agents to patients.
This survey aims at assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards disposable gloves use among nursing staff at Hassan II University Teaching Hospital in Fez. This is a cross-sectional prospective and evaluative study that covers a two-month period. Data were collected using an anonymous and self-administered questionnaire.
The population studied was quite young with 76,5% aged between 20-30 years. The results have shown that 264 (85.99%) of participants had received training in disposable gloves mastering. Moreover, 161 (52.3%) claimed to change always disposable gloves while moving from one patient to another. In contrast, 231 (75.2%) emphasized the need to change gloves each time they have been in contact with blood or other body fluids. However, the Studies by self- administered questionnaires, as is the case for our investigation, inform about self-declared claims and are not always related to practical implications
Inappropriate glove use was frequently declared in this study. This survey showed a misconception of the risk in several practice situations, some good results of wearing gloves reflect this engendered feeling of individual protection.
THE SPECIFICS OF THE RUSSIAN PROJECT CULTURE
Authors: Aganina N. , Tret'yakova M. 
Published: December 2020

In conditions of economic, social and cultural glocalization (the interaction between local and global phenomena), it becomes especially important for a designer to realize his/her own mental habits that impede intercultural dialogue, despite identifying his/her projects and project communication. The object of the study is Russian project culture as an essential characteristic of the design thinking, allowing a designer to implement the value content of the culture he/she belongs to.
The methodological basis of the study includes problem statement, generalization and interpretation of the term, comparative method, historical and cultural analysis.
As a result of the study, the authors conclude that the specificity of Russian project culture lies in its "theurgic" nature (connection with inspired creativity). According to the authors, the awareness of the fundamental dissimilarity of Russian project culture with Western or Eastern project culture (the fundamental diversity of the design thinking types) opens up the prospect of a genuine intercultural dialogue within a holistic design culture.