bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial, Temporal, and Genetic Invasion Dynamics of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Illinois
Authors: Stone Chris M , Zuo Zhen , Li Bo , Ruiz Marilyn , Swanson Jack , Hunt Jason , Kim Chang-Hyun , Smith Rebecca L 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe spread of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus Skuse, throughout the United States has implications for the transmission potential of vector-borne diseases. We used a 30-yr data set of occurrence records in Illinois and developed a hierarchical Bayesian model to shed light on the patterns and processes involved in the introduction and expansion along the northern edge of the geographic range of this species. We also collected specimens from 10 locations and sequenced a segment of their mitochondrial COI genes to assess possible introduction sources and geographic patterns in genetic variation present within contemporary populations. We documented an increase in the number of observations throughout the southern and central parts of Illinois over the study period. The process through which this spread occurred is likely only partially due to local dispersal. The probability of successfully overwintering was likewise low, but both these parameters increased over the study period. This suggests that the presence of Ae. albopictus has been largely due to repeated introductions, but that in recent years populations may have become established and are leading to an increase in locally driven dispersal. There was considerable genetic diversity among populations in Illinois, with 13 distinct haplotypes present in 10 sampling locations, several of which matched haplotypes previously found to be present in locations such as Texas or Japan. Further research is needed to understand how the combination of continued propagule pressure and establishment of populations are driving the increase and expansion of this invasive mosquito along its northern distribution limit.
Role of PARP1 regulation in radiation-induced rescue effect
Authors: Pathikonda Spoorthy , Cheng Shuk Han , Yu Kwan Ngok 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
Radiation-induced rescue effect (RIRE) in cells refers to the phenomenon where irradiated cells (IRCs) receive help from feedback signals produced by partnered bystander unirradiated cells (UIRCs) or from the conditioned medium (CM) that has previously conditioned the UIRCs. In the present work, we explored the role of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) regulation in RIRE and the positive feedback loop between PARP1 and nuclear factor-kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) in RIRE using various cell lines, including HeLa, MCF7, CNE-2 and HCT116 cells. We first found that when the IRCs (irradiated with 2 Gy X-ray) were treated with CM, the relative mRNA expression levels of both tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) and PARP1, the co-localization factor between 53BP1 and γH2AX as well as the fluorescent intensity of PARP1 were reduced. We also found that IRCs treated with the PARP1 inhibitor, Olaparib (AZD2281) had a higher 53BP1 expression. These results illustrated that PARP1 was involved in RIRE transcriptionally and translationally. We further revealed that treatment of IRCs with CM together with Olaparib led to significantly lower mRNA expression levels and fluorescent intensities of NF-κB, while treatment of IRCs with CM together the NF-κB inhibitor BAY-11-7082 led to significantly lower mRNA expression levels as well as fluorescent intensities of PARP1. These results illustrated that PARP1 and NF-κB were involved in the positive feedback loop transcriptionally and translationally. Thus, the results supported the occurrence of a PARP1–NF-κB positive feedback loop in RIRE. The present work provided insights into potential exploitation of inhibition of PARP1 and/or the PARP1–NF-κB positive feedback loop in designing adjuncts to cancer radiotherapeutics.
Hunting modulators of plant defence: the grapevine trunk disease fungus Eutypa lata secretes an amplifier for plant basal immunity
Authors: Guan Pingyin , Terigele  , Schmidt Florian , Riemann Michael , Fischer Jochen , Thines Eckhard , Nick Peter 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are progressively affecting vineyard longevity and productivity worldwide. To be able to understand and combat these diseases, we need a different concept of the signals exchanged between the grapevine and fungi than the well-studied pathogen-associated molecular pattern and effector concepts. We screened extracts from fungi associated with GTDs for their association with basal defence responses in suspension cells of grapevine. By activity-guided fractionation of the two selected extracts, O-methylmellein was identified as a candidate modulator of grapevine immunity. O-Methylmellein could not induce immune responses by itself (i.e. does not act as an elicitor), but could amplify some of the defence responses triggered by the bacterial elicitor flg22, such as the induction level of defence genes and actin remodelling. These findings show that Eutypa lata, exemplarily selected as an endophytic fungus linked with GTDs, can secrete compounds that act as amplifiers of basal immunity. Thus, in addition to elicitors that can trigger basal immunity, and effectors that down-modulate antibacterial basal immunity, once it had been activated, E. lata seems to secrete a third type of chemical signal that amplifies basal immunity and may play a role in the context of consortia of mutually competing microorganisms.
The Drosophila Y Chromosome Affects Heterochromatin Integrity Genome-Wide
Authors: Brown Emily J , Nguyen Alison H , Bachtrog Doris 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Drosophila Y chromosome is gene poor and mainly consists of silenced, repetitive DNA. Nonetheless, the Y influences expression of hundreds of genes genome-wide, possibly by sequestering key components of the heterochromatin machinery away from other positions in the genome. To test the influence of the Y chromosome on the genome-wide chromatin landscape, we assayed the genomic distribution of histone modifications associated with gene activation (H3K4me3) or heterochromatin (H3K9me2 and H3K9me3) in fruit flies with varying sex chromosome complements (X0, XY, and XYY males; XX and XXY females). Consistent with the general deficiency of active chromatin modifications on the Y, we find that Y gene dose has little influence on the genomic distribution of H3K4me3. In contrast, both the presence and the number of Y chromosomes strongly influence genome-wide enrichment patterns of repressive chromatin modifications. Highly repetitive regions such as the pericentromeres, the dot, and the Y chromosome (if present) are enriched for heterochromatic modifications in wildtype males and females, and even more strongly in X0 flies. In contrast, the additional Y chromosome in XYY males and XXY females diminishes the heterochromatic signal in these normally silenced, repeat-rich regions, which is accompanied by an increase in expression of Y-linked repeats. We find hundreds of genes that are expressed differentially between individuals with aberrant sex chromosome karyotypes, many of which also show sex-biased expression in wildtype Drosophila. Thus, Y chromosomes influence heterochromatin integrity genome-wide, and differences in the chromatin landscape of males and females may also contribute to sex-biased gene expression and sexual dimorphisms.
The cost-of-illness due to rheumatic heart disease: national estimates for Fiji
Authors: Heenan Rachel C , Parks Tom , Bärnighausen Till , Kado Joseph , Bloom David E , Steer Andrew C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a chronic valvular heart disease that is responsible for a heavy burden of premature mortality in low- and middle-income countries. The total costs of RHD are important to health policy and research investment decisions. We estimate for the first time the total cost of RHD for Fiji (2008–2012) using a cost-of-illness approach and novel primary data on RHD disease burden and costs.

Methods
RHD cases were identified using probabilistic record linkage across four routine data sources: (1) the Fiji RHD Control Program, (2) national hospital admissions records, (3) the Ministry of Health database of cause-specific deaths and (4) hospital ECG clinic registers. For each individual with RHD, we obtained information on RHD hospital admissions, treatment and death. We conducted a prevalence-based cost-of-illness analysis, including bottom-up assessment of indirect and direct (healthcare) costs.

Results
The estimated cost of RHD in Fiji for 2008–2012 was year-2010 $FJ91.6 million (approximately US$47.7 million). Productivity losses from premature mortality constituted the majority of costs (71.4%). Indirect costs were 27-fold larger than the direct costs.

Conclusions
RHD leads to a heavy economic burden in Fiji. Improved prevention strategies for RHD will likely confer substantial economic benefits to the country.
Phylogenetic reassignment of basal cyclostome braconid parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) with description of a new, enigmatic Afrotropical tribe with a highly anomalous 28S D2 secondary structure
Authors: Quicke Donald L J , Belokobylskij Sergey A , Braet Yves , van Achterberg Cornelis , Hebert Paul D N , Prosser Sean W J , Austin Andrew D , Fagan-Jeffries Erinn P , Ward Darren F , Shaw Mark R , Butcher Buntika A 
Published: March 2020

AbstractA new tribe of braconid wasps provisionally included in the Rhyssalinae, Laibaleini trib. nov., type genus Laibalea gen. nov. (type species Laibalea enigmatica sp. nov.), from Kenya and the Central African Republic, is described. A molecular dataset, with emphasis on basally derived taxa based on four gene fragments (28S D2–D3 expansion region, COI barcode, elongation factor 1-alpha and 16S ribosomal DNA), was analysed both alone and in combination with a morphological dataset. Molecular phylogenetic placement of the new species into an existing subfamily is complicated by the extreme sequence divergence of the three sequences obtained for Laibalea. In both the combined sequence analysis and the combined DNA plus morphological tree, Laibalea is recovered as a sister group to the Rhyssalinae plus all non-cyclostome lineage braconids excluding Mesostoinae, Maxfischeriinae and Aphidiinae. A consensus of morphological characters and molecular analyses suggests inclusion of Laibalea either in the otherwise principally Holarctic subfamily Rhyssalinae or perhap more basally, in the principally Gondwanan Mesostoinae s.l., although we cannot exclude the possibility that it might represent a separate basal lineage. We place Laibalea in its own tribe, provisionally included in Rhyssalinae. The DNA sequence data are presented for several genera for the first time. Avga, the type genus of Avgini, is shown not to belong to Mesostoinae s.l. or Hormiinae, but its exact relationships remain uncertain. The generic compositions of Rhyssalinae and Mesostoinae s.l. are revised. Anachyra, Apoavga, Neptihormius, Neoavga and Opiopterus are shown to belong to Mesostoinae s.s. A key to the tribes of Rhyssalinae is provided.
A Comparison of the Wound Healing Efficacy of Trolamine Emulsion, Manuka Gel, and Polymyxin-Bacitracin Ointment
Authors: Lu Scott , Lu Andrew , Paslin David 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy of three topical agents commonly used in cutaneous wound healing.

METHODS
Wound healing was studied in 29 participants, and each participant served as his or her own control. In each participant, three similarly sized and located seborrheic keratoses were removed by curettage. Resultant wounds were treated with either trolamine emulsion, manuka honey gel, or polymyxin-bacitracin ointment until the wounds were fully healed.

RESULTS
Wounds treated with trolamine emulsion healed significantly faster than wounds treated with either manuka honey or polymyxin-bacitracin (15 vs 19 days; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS
Trolamine emulsion may be preferred in clinical practice to accelerate the healing time of clean, shallow wounds.
Effect of an Oral Nutrition Supplement Containing Collagen Peptides on Stratum Corneum Hydration and Skin Elasticity in Hospitalized Older Adults: A Multicenter Open-label Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Nomoto Tatsuya , Iizaka Shinji 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this randomized open-label study was to investigate the effect of an oral nutrition supplement containing collagen peptides on stratum corneum hydration and skin elasticity.

METHODS
The study protocol was registered at the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN 000027347). Once-a-day oral administration of a nutrition supplement containing collagen peptides (10.0 g) was instituted in 39 inpatients 65 years or older who were assigned to either the intervention or the control group using a block-randomization design. Stratum corneum hydration and skin elasticity were measured at baseline and at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after the start of the intervention.

RESULTS
Mean stratum corneum hydration was significantly increased from 43.7 at baseline to 51.7 at postintervention week 8 in the intervention group (P = .001). Differences in skin elasticity from baseline were significant at postintervention week 6 (P = .026) and week 8 (P = .049).

CONCLUSIONS
Oral nutrition supplements containing collagen peptides may reduce skin vulnerability in older adults and thus prevent conditions such as skin tears.
The Doctor of Nursing Practice Project Data Collection Tool: A Teaching Strategy for Data Collection
Authors: Benetato Bonnie B. , Tillman Jan , Corbett Robin Webb , Hodges Alexis 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
This article introduces the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Project Data Collection Tool developed to guide data collection and outcome analysis to promote student success in the DNP project. The DNP project combines student clinical expertise and an evidence-based intervention to address a complex practice or systems problem. Outcome data are needed to evaluate the project. The DNP Project Data Collection Tool is designed as a teaching strategy and project-specific tool that provides a model for faculty and students to use in DNP project development. Elements of the tool are discussed, and results of a student evaluation are presented.
Fostering the Integration of Extrinsic Motivation in an Online Graduate Nursing Education Course
Authors: Murphy Jackie , Leggieri Alyssa , Murphy Glenn 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Research indicates that academic performance is increased when intrinsic factors motivate students. Although students may be intrinsically motivated to attend a graduate program, not all topics will be inherently interesting, leaving students to rely on extrinsic factors for motivation. This article proposes that educators use Ryan and Deci’s organismic integration theory to design assignments that foster the integration of extrinsic motivation. We describe how a virtual poster session assignment was created in an online nursing education course using the principles of organismic integration theory.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Authors: Ruth-Sahd Lisa A. , Rodrigues Darris , Shreve Elizabeth 
Published: March 2020

Abstract:
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an increasingly popular treatment for drug-resistant depression that may have utility for some patients with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) who are unresponsive to pharmacotherapy. Using a case study as an example, this article discusses the diagnosis of a patient with NMS, the use of ECT as a treatment for NMS, and the importance of nursing care for these patients.
Narrative Performance Level Assignments at Initial Entrustment and Graduation: Integrating EPAs and Milestones to Improve Learner Assessment
Authors: Schumacher Daniel J. , Schwartz Alan , Zenel Joseph A. , Paradise Black Nicole , Ponitz Keith , Blair Robyn , Traba Christin M. , Poynter Sue , King Beth , Englander Robert , Rosenberg Adam , Patel Dilipkumar , Smith-King Candace , O’Connor Meghan , Gonzalez del Rey Javier , Lavoie Suzanne , Borman-Shoap Emily , Carraccio Carol ,   for the Association of Pediatric Program Directors (APPD) Longitudinal Educational Assessment Research Network (LEARN) General Pediatrics Entrustable Professional Activities Study Group
Published: March 2020

Purpose
To determine which narrative performance level for each general pediatrics entrustable professional activity (EPA) reflects the minimum level clinical competency committees (CCCs) felt should be associated with graduation as well as initial entrustment and compare expected narrative performance levels (ENPLs) for each EPA with actual narrative performance levels (ANPLs) assigned to residents at initial entrustment.

Method
A series of 5 narratives, corresponding to the 5 milestone performance levels, were developed for each of the 17 general pediatrics EPAs. In academic year (AY) 2015–2016, the CCCs at 22 Association of Pediatric Program Directors Longitudinal Educational Assessment Research Network member sites reported ENPLs for initial entrustment and at time of graduation. From AYs 2015–2016 to 2017–2018, programs reported ANPLs for initial entrustment decisions. ENPLs and ANPLs were compared using a logistic mixed effects model.

Results
ENPLs for graduation and entrustment were most often level 3 (competent) followed by level 4 (proficient). For 8 EPAs, the ENPLs for graduation and entrustment were the same. For the remaining 9, some programs would entrust residents before graduation or graduate them before entrusting them. There were 4,266 supervision level reports for initial entrustment for which an ANPL was provided. ANPLs that were lower than the ENPLs were significantly more likely to be assigned to the medical home–well child (OR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.26–0.57), transition to adult care (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.19–0.95), behavioral or mental health (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.18–0.71), make referrals (OR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.17–0.55), lead a team (OR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.22–0.52), and handovers (OR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.09–0.36) EPAs.

Conclusions
CCCs reported lower ENPLs for graduation than for entrustment for 5 EPAs, possibly indicating curricular gaps that milestones and EPAs could help identify.
Resident Perceptions of Assessment and Feedback in Competency-Based Medical Education: A Focus Group Study of One Internal Medicine Residency Program
Authors: Branfield Day Leora , Miles Amy , Ginsburg Shiphra , Melvin Lindsay 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
As key participants in the assessment dyad, residents must be engaged with the process. However, residents’ experiences with competency-based medical education (CBME), and specifically with entrustable professional activity (EPA)-based assessments, have not been well studied. The authors explored junior residents’ perceptions regarding the implementation of EPA assessment and feedback initiatives in an internal medicine program.

Method
From May to November 2018, 5 focus groups were conducted with 28 first-year internal medicine residents from the University of Toronto, exploring their experiences with facilitators and barriers to EPA-based assessments in the first years of the CBME initiative. Residents were exposed to EPA-based feedback tools from early in residency. Themes were identified using constructivist grounded theory to develop a framework to understand the resident perception of EPA assessment and feedback initiatives.

Results
Residents’ discussions reflected a growth mindset orientation, as they valued the idea of meaningful feedback through multiple low-stakes assessments. However, in practice, feedback seeking was onerous. While the quantity of feedback had increased, the quality had not; some residents felt it had worsened, by reducing it to a form-filling exercise. The assessments were felt to have increased daily workload with consequent disrupted workflow and to have blurred the lines between formative and summative assessment.

Conclusions
Residents embraced the driving principles behind CBME, but their experience suggested that changes are needed for CBME in the study site program to meet its goals. Efforts may be needed to reconcile the tension between assessment and feedback and to effectively embed meaningful feedback into CBME learning environments.
Which Internal Medicine Clerkship Characteristics Are Associated With Students’ Performance on the NBME Medicine Subject Exam? A Multi-Institutional Analysis
Authors: Fitz Matthew M. , Adams William , Haist Steven A. , Hauer Karen E. , Ross Linette P. , Raff Amanda , Agarwal Gauri , Vu T. Robert , Appelbaum Jonathan , Lang Valerie J. , Miller Chad , Grum Cyril 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
To identify which internal medicine clerkship characteristics may relate to NBME Medicine Subject Examination scores, given the growing trend toward earlier clerkship start dates.

Method
The authors used linear mixed effects models (univariable and multivariable) to determine associations between medicine exam performance and clerkship characteristics (longitudinal status, clerkship length, academic start month, ambulatory clinical experience, presence of a study day, involvement in a combined clerkship, preclinical curriculum type, medicine exam timing). Additional covariates included number of NBME clinical subject exams used, number of didactic hours, use of a criterion score for passing the medicine exam, whether medicine exam performance was used to designate clerkship honors, and United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 performance. The sample included 24,542 examinees from 62 medical schools spanning 3 academic years (2011–2014).

Results
The multivariable analysis found no significant association between clerkship length and medicine exam performance (all pairwise P > .05). However, a small number of examinees beginning their academic term in January scored marginally lower than those starting in July (P < .001). Conversely, examinees scored higher on the medicine exam later in the academic year (all pairwise P < .001). Examinees from schools that used a criterion score for passing the medicine exam also scored higher than those at schools that did not (P < .05). Step 1 performance remained positively associated with medicine exam performance even after controlling for all other variables in the model (P < .001).

Conclusions
In this sample, the authors found no association between many clerkship variables and medicine exam performance. Instead, Step 1 performance was the most powerful predictor of medicine exam performance. These findings suggest that medicine exam performance reflects the overall medical knowledge students accrue during their education rather than any specific internal medicine clerkship characteristics.