bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Overlooked Condition Monitoring Technique Multiple Case Studies on Critical Rotating Machinery
Authors: Rengasamy Sankar Ganesh , Nicolas Peton Didier , Seshadri Ramanathan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Lateral vibration is the most commonly measured type of vibration in machinery. However, lateral motion in the XY plane does not completely describe all the possible directions of motion of machine components. Torsional vibrations do not get the attention that they should. Since torsional vibration is more difficult to measure than lateral vibration, it is often ignored, due to an "out of sight, out of mind" attitude. In fact, torsional vibration can be quite severe and can produce damaging cyclic stresses that can cause a fatigue failure.
Rotating machines are all involved in the delivery or transformation of power, and power delivery requires transmission of torque. The applied torque causes the shaft to twist about its rotational axis. Thus, instead of measuring displacement relative to an equilibrium position, torsion requires measuring the angle of twist of the shaft at different axial positions. All rotating machineries undergo some fraction of degrees of torsional vibration during operations. In many cases, the torsional vibrations are not as easily identified as the translational vibrations, due to lack of simple and direct measurement devices. Typical damages developed under excessive torsional vibrations include shaft cracks, coupling cracks, gear wear, gear tooth failures, key failures, shrink fit slippage, etc.
Today torsional vibration detection and monitoring becomes an important step in rotating machinery condition monitoring [Eshleman 1977, Muszynska, A. G. 1992, Naldi, L. B. (June 9–13, 2008), Naldi, L. G. 2011]. Today the machinery diagnostic services team of Baker Hughes, Bently Nevada uses ADRE raw data along with self-developed Matlab executable [Huageng, L, Howard, B, Menon, A, Péton, N, Roengchai, C. 2013, Luo, H. C. 2013] application for diagnostic purposes based on phase demodulation process to the signals generated by Keyphasor® or zebra tape of tooth wheels. In this article torsional issues will be illustrated with data and pictures using 6 real cases from the industry.
Stratigraphical – Sedimentological Framework for the Thamama Group Development in the Western UAE Based on the Legacy Core Data: How the Key to the Future is Found in the Past
Authors: Ochmanski Tomasz , Wuraola Mopelola , Al Blooshi Abdulla , Al Shehhi Maryam , Swain Ashis Shashanka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOur present-day understanding of the Barremian-Aptian depositional systems of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is predominantly based on the data from the Eastern part of UAE, as well as on the data from the neighboring Oman. With the increasing interest in the development of the petroleum resources in the Western portion of Abu Dhabi, we need to utilize the existing data, which are available. Approximately 1400 feet of the archive core belonging to the Thamama Group and distributed in 5 wells were analyzed sedimentologically and petrologically. The emphasis was put on the comparability with the existing models from the Eastern portion of Abu Dhabi and to the spatial distribution of distinguished lithofacies.Analyzed sediments are divided into 20 sub-lithofacies, grouped within 8 main lithofacies. Thicknesses, stratigraphical, and spatial distributions of each sub-lithofacies are given. Color and fossil assemblage complement descriptions. Finally, a short commentary with possible interpretations of a depositional environment fulfills each sublithofacies’ characterization.
Innovative Approach Towards Rigless ESP with Dual Completion for Gas Handling
Authors: Saqib Talha , Grifantini Simona , Sabri Abdel Mouez , Keshtta Osama M. , Albadi Bader S. , Beaman Daniel J. , Al-Hassani Sultan D. , Bigno Yann , Draoui Elyes H. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Field presented here is located in the southern part of the Arabian Gulf approximately 135 km north-west of Abu Dhabi city. This giant heterogeneous carbonate field consists of multi-stacked reservoirs. The presented reservoir is highly fractured, it measures 9 km by 11.5 km.
The reservoir has an original oil in place estimated at 2,240 MMstb of 35°API oil with saturation gas of 400 SCF/bbl. The reservoir pressure is +/− 2,700 psi and the sealine pressure in the field is +/− 1100 psi. The wells completed in T reservoir are unable to flow naturally against the high sealine pressure. Some wells are producing against by-pass line at 600 psi. Crestal gas injection was introduced to maintain the reservoir pressure.
To produce the reservoir at its potential, it is required to use some artificial lift techniques. ESP was finalized to install for overcoming the high sea line pressure.
As mentioned earlier the T reservoir is naturally fractured and has crestal gas injection, which lead towards 3,500 – 4,000 SCF/bbl and beyond the ESP limit. This requires some solution to handle the gas.
A collaborative team of engineers was assigned to design and meet the challenge of such a premier application. The team conducted a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the T reservoir's fracture and fault characterization: the aim was to deliver an optimal well design meeting the requirement of ESP gas handling with minimum cost.
A unique, fit-for-purpose dual completion (4-1/2" × 2-3/8") was finalized. The rigless ESP will be run through 4-1/2" tubing and 2-3/8" tubing will be utilized for gas handling and re-injecting gas in the sealine at surface. The dual completion will allow to handle high GOR through short string, which will lead towards the long ESP runlife.
Before commencing the full development plan for T reservoir, this will be a pilot for better understanding the reservoir and its behavior.
Rigless ESP was selected due to the advantages compared with conventional ESP: POOH and RIH of retrievable ESP parts through a conventional slickline unitPumps can be replaced during the well life without rig workover.Low OPEX cost.
Advanced Resistivity Modeling to Enhance Vertical and Horizontal Well Formation Evaluation
Authors: Mahiout Said , Liu Chengbing , Polinski Ralf , Kassim Moshood 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Accurate formation evaluation relies critically, among other inputs, on the correct true formation resistivity (Rt). The common practice in the industry is to use the deep resistivity log as Rt. A single resistivity curve from a deep resistivity measurement often does not represent Rt due to the shoulder bed effect, polarization at boundaries, and many other effects. This is especially true in high angle and horizontal wells. The main objective of the paper is to demonstrate that advanced resistivity modeling workflows for both wireline and logging while drilling (LWD) help in determining Rt by removing or minimizing the impact of all different effects and improving the formation evaluation in vertical and horizontal wells.
Extensive work and computational advances have provided the oil and gas industry with codes to model resistivity tools in a wide variety of formations/conditions. The workflow used is a model-compare-update approach and provides an interface where a layered earth model (layer geometry and property) can be constructed. If available, image logs are used to provide dip information for each layer. After several iterations, and if an agreement between the forward model and measured logs has been achieved (called the "reconstruction check"), this will be a confirmation of the structural model and assigned layer properties. Reconstruction of actual data to modeled data is the confidence indicator. The model changes or iterations can be done manually or automatically. The practical process is usually a combination of both.
As a result, the resistivity logs free of shoulder bed, polarization and other effects are extracted as squared logs for each layer and are used to improve the interpretation methodology and minimize the associated uncertainties to reservoir evaluation. The workflow and benefits of advanced resistivity modeling for improving formation evaluation in vertical and especially high angle and horizontal wells will be discussed. Several field log examples will be used to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed workflow to enhance formation evaluation in vertical and horizontal wells. Conclusions fromthe work with suggestions/recommendations for the way forward will be presented.
Advanced resistivity modeling when used by the petrophysicists can have many advantages, especially in complex situations. We propose workflows and case studies which demonstrate the value of such advanced modeling in enhancing vertical and horizontal well formation evaluation.
Unique Openhole Metal Expandable Annular Sealing Systems in High Pressure Multistage Fracturing Completion
Authors: Purusharthy Naresh K. , Nugraha Ikhsan , Hassan Zuhair , Wood Kevin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper describes a game-changing solution regarding the use of metal expandable annular sealing systems in a high pressure multistage frac well. The design and engineering of this technology resulted in the development of fit-for-purpose equipment that overcame challenges often encountered in a high-pressure stimulation environment. The metal expandable annular sealing system was custom designed in order to provide high expansion that can be set in potentially washed out wellbores. The design included a long multi-element sealing system with built-in redundancy to account for fracturing fluid chemical reaction with the rock behind the seals.
The system is just under 4 meters, complemented with multi-elastomer seals, each delivering full Delta P capability within a washed-out hole up to 6.5". The unique design allows full rotational capabilities during deployment, minimizing operational risks.
The system was run in combination with multi open-close fracturing sleeves and a pressure activated toe sub rated to 10,000 psi for acid fracturing in three zones of a vertical carbonate well – the well was known for its heterogeneity and high reservoir pressure contrast. The use of mechanical packers with short sealing elements would have been challenging and increases the risk of unwanted communication between zones. Successful installations, activation of the sleeves and subsequent hydraulic fracturing were achieved, which enabled operational flexibility, reliable isolation and high expansion benefits. Acid fracturing treatment data from each of the stages were analyzed and used to confirm that the zonal isolation integrity.
This paper includes the challenges of providing zonal isolation with conventional packer designs and details the design, testing and qualification of the solution as well as further design modifications for higher fracturing pressure rating.
Integrated Thermodynamic Digital Twin for Energy Performance Monitoring of Large Compression Units
Authors: Sajjad Saqib , Al Jenaibi Eisa , Hakki Praveen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The compression units installed on sales gas network face wide range of operating modes owing to the varying supply & demand scenarios and the associated network dynamics. It is very challenging to ascertain the real performance in such applications due to changing specific energy consumption. The paper presents development of a novel and robust monitoring system, enabling realtime energy performance monitoring of dynamic compression and revealing realistic opportunities for energy savings.
The methodology comprised review of design and OEM data for the compression units, followed by review of operating envelope. Subsequently, developed a thermodynamic model of compression units encompassing all the operating modes. Then embedded the actual performance curves from OEM in the thermodynamic digital twin and validated the model with actual operating data. Carried out site visits and held discussions with technical teams as part of the comprehensive approach. A mathematical model additionally developed, in addition to the thermodynamic model, to enable operators for off-line monitoring of the compressors performance during unavailability of thermodynamic digital twin.
Detailed performance analysis of centrifugal compressors is essential to ascertain their condition and functioning. A decrease in performance can be an indication of internal wear or fouling, which if allowed to continue, may result in reduced throughput or excessive energy consumption or even unscheduled outages. Thus, the performance is not just an indication of energy or operating cost but also reflects other vital aspects like reliability. The integrated thermodynamic digital twin developed for large sales gas compression units, with total throughput capacity of more than 500 MMSCFD, has enabled and demonstrated effective energy performance monitoring even with changing operating scenarios. It facilitated real-time comparison of actual performance (specific energy consumption) with model based expected performance. It also aided real-time trending of polytropic efficiency as well as real-time display of potential energy savings opportunities. The digital twin has proven to be a reliable and low cost tool to predict compressor performance for various operating modes on real time basis. The data from the compression digital twin can be tied into process simulation models for process optimization. The model can complement supervisory capabilities, diagnostics, control capabilities and even facilitate in predicting failures ahead of time.
Psychological Risks in Professional Activities of Oil and Gas Workers in the South and North
Authors: Korneeva Yana , Simonova Natalia , Degteva Galina 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The purpose of research is to perform a comparative analysis of psychological risks in professional activities of the oil and gas workers in the south and north. The study was conducted on the offshore ice-resistant platform, the Caspian Sea (April 2019), 50 employees took part in it (fly-in-fly-out duration - 14 days) and in the oil production in the Far North, where 70 employees took part (fly-in-fly-out duration: 30 days). Research methods are questionnaire, psychological and psychophysiological testing. Assessment of professional risk was carried out by comparing objective functional state indicators of employees and assessing their performance. We studied both the personality traits of employees and the characteristics of their adaptability, depending on their relevance to various professional groups. The question was solved which employees who successfully perform their work on land (oil field) will be able to be successful while working at sea (oil production platform) in the context of climatic conditions. Results, For the first time, a variable model of psychological risks of oil and gas personnel was developed, including a differential assessment of environmental and personal resources and focused on isolation, control and reduction of psychological risks in professional activities.
Peculiarities of the environmental oil production resource during fly-in-fly-out work organization taking into account risk factors when working on land and at sea are revealed. The professionally important qualities of oil and gas of personnel were identified and differentiated under the conditions of various comforts of professional activity and life in the fly-in-fly-out camp and on the oil production platform. For the first time, a study was conducted to identify the psychological risks of workers of the offshore ice-resistant oil platform in the Caspian Sea through a scientific expedition. The data obtained as a result of this expedition are unique and are of great scientific and practical value.
Accuracy Prediction of Zero-Survey Time Definitive Dynamic MWD Surveys
Authors: ElGizawy Mahmoud , Lowdon Ross , Edmunds Michael , Breen Michael , Ekwue Winner 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWellbore surveying is essential to deliver the objectives of a well; it is, however, time-consuming, increases the risk of differential sticking, and due to its costs, may not often be done enough to describe the wellbore architecture adequately. Measurement While Drilling surveys are taken traditionally while stationary. A new surveying tool featuring Definitive Dynamic Surveys (DDS) allows the same or better levels of accuracy to be achieved when drilling, eliminating the need for stationary surveying time, working the drillstring, or taking additional time to plan the next directional move. Definitive surveys are delivered to the directional driller in real-time to allow them to focus on the efficient delivery of the wellbore trajectory. This provides a step-change in drilling performance, eliminating surveying time and reducing drilling risks. Additionally, this paper describes the framework for determining the accuracy of DDS surveys in terms of wellbore positioning. As measurements are taken while rotating, the standard stationary MWD error model does not apply in all respects.An analysis of drilling efficiency savings is conducted, looking at the rig time savings from eliminating static MWD surveys, directional improvements compared to similar previous well, and the reduction in open hole pumps off time giving an indication of the improvement in stuck pipe risk mitigation. Furthermore, the tool accuracy mapping to position accuracy is quantified, and it involved three steps. First, identify the error sources that corrupt the measurements and their propagation modes. Second, mathematically deriving partial derivatives that map these error sources to uncertainty in the direction of the wellbore. Finally, determining the appropriate magnitude of such error sources.In deriving the error model magnitudes, this provided the minimum viable parameters that the DDS survey had to meet, notably in terms of sensor misalignments, shock and vibration parameters, eddy current compensation, and phase shift corrections. DDS surveys have been tested and verified, and this paper outlines how this has been done, and the magnitudes for the final derived errors in terms of bottom hole positioning errors compared to stationary MWD surveys. The savings in rig time, directional control, and the reduction in stuck pipe risk are significant and critically reduce time spend off bottom, which is becoming a larger portion of a well's AFE.DDS surveys offer much more efficient rig operations, improved borehole quality, trajectory control, and higher survey density than traditional stationary MWD surveys. The efficiency improvements DDS provides are a step-change in the drilling process. DDS surveys are completely unique in offering stationary MWD survey quality while drilling; being unique, they have some unique error terms that have to be derived, populated, and verified, which are presented in this paper.
Automated Connection Integrity Beats Traditional Tubular Running by Delivering Zero Rejected Joints, Efficiency Enhancements, and Personnel Reductions
Authors: Mihalic Goran , McIntire Scott W. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The automated connection integrity system known as Vero employs computer-controlled makeup and autonomous evaluation algorithms to run and pull completion strings. Results from automated and traditional (non-automated) equipment on similar jobs shows the difference.
This paper compares thread inspection reports after running and pulling completion strings using both types of equipment. The automated jobs included three completion runs and pulls; the traditional job included one completion run and pull with the same type and size of tubulars in the same well configuration. Comparing additional data on personnel reduction and operational efficiency, including joints per hour and rig and rig down time, provides insight into overall system efficiency, safety, and well integrity benefits of the automated system over traditional ones.
The thread inspection results from 761 connections after completion pullout show 77% of tubulars passed with the automated system; however, zero passed with traditional equipment. In addition, the automation system reduced rig up and down time by 25% and personnel up to 50% during heat stress periods, which required six instead of 12 people. Over the nine jobs for this customer, Vero helped to make up more than 1,200 connections with zero rejected and laid-down pipes. The precise torque control enables operators to achieve the final torque at liner maximum torque and the allowed higher torque while reaming the liner string to total depth (TD) on drillpipe. With computer control of rotations per minute (RPM) and torque, Vero delivers a 2% variance of final torque, which enables operators to target the higher end of the maximum torque recommended by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) without exceeding the limit. These higher makeup values enable applying higher torque while reaming the liner string to TD on drillpipe in challenging wellbores.
The Vero system uses computer-controlled processes for automating the makeup, breakout, and evaluation of premium connections. This solution controls the makeup and breakout parameters to reduce thread damage caused by rig-floor conditions while consistently achieving and thoroughly evaluating OEM criteria. Through automation, Vero improves operational performance while enhancing safety risk management and well integrity assurance.
Removal of Oil From Oily Industrial Wastewater Through Resin Technology
Authors: Tejero Àngels , Das Supriyo , Gómez Verónica , Pandya Hardik 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Produced water and industrial waste water contamination is given by a combination of the creation of stabilized oil emulsions and the presence of soluble oil components. Typical components include alkanes, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes), high amounts of dissolved solids, suspended solids, heavy metals, high content of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Failing to clean-up this oily water before disposal can have severe environmental consequences. Since most conventional water-treatment technologies are also negatively impacted by the presence of emulsified oil, development of appropriate oil removal technology is also in the best interest of any water reuse scheme. This paper includes several trials that have been carried out with industrial wastewater water containing both emulsified and dissolved oil for the evaluation of performance of two polymeric resins.
The present study has tested synthetic oil emulsions in a controlled environment to evaluate the impact of typical operating conditions on removal efficiency. Bench testing and piloting have been carried out with real wastewater originated from various sources in the Tarragona industrial petrochemical complex (Spain). Samples with oil content ranging from 10 to 1000 mg/L of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) have been tested. Results show that a coalescer-type resin can effectively target emulsified oil, and in the correct operating conditions can achieve up to 90-98% removal. Furthermore, this is a technology that is not negatively affected by high concentrations of oil. On the contrary, results indicate that higher concentrations of insoluble oil contribute to improving overall efficiency. It has been identified that residual TPH can be attributed to water-soluble species, because a second pass does not improve performance. A polymeric adsorbent can remove dissolved oil components-such as phenols, BTEX and PAH-with an efficiency of over 99.9%. However, rapid saturationa and its fouling problems when confronted with emulsified oil indicates ideal solution for treating oily waters would be successive treatment with a coalescer and an adsorbent resin. This study shows, through testing of real-life samples from industrial wastewater that polymeric resins are able to remove both the emulsified and dissolved oil from oily water, and how composition has a significant influence on its removal.