bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metastatic malignant melanoma with neuroendocrine differentiation: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Juhlin Carl Christofer , Zedenius Jan , Haglund Felix 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundMetastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma often presents as carcinoma of unknown primary. Although most cases display immunohistochemical positivity for neuroendocrine markers, subsets of cases display reduced or negative expression for some of these proteins. The identification of metastatic neuroendocrine carcinomas is even more complicated by the occurrence of unrelated tumor types with focal neuroendocrine differentiation.Case presentationOur patient was a 74-year-old man of Middle Eastern ethnicity. An initial biopsy of a soft tissue metastasis displayed a neuroendocrine profile indicative of a metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma, positive for CD56 and synaptophysin, and focally for ISL LIM homeobox 1 and insulinoma-associated protein 1. The Ki-67 index was 50%. Chemotherapy was initiated, but our patient progressed. Scrapings from a pathological hip fracture 3 months later revealed focal synaptophysin immunoreactivity and widespread melanoma antigen, human melanoma black 45, and SOX10 positivity, which are indicative of metastatic malignant melanoma with focal neuroendocrine differentiation.ConclusionsMalignant melanoma may display neuroendocrine differentiation, and the entity should be considered a rare differential diagnosis when assessing biopsies of suspected neuroendocrine carcinomas.
PTEN inhibitor VO-OHpic attenuates GC-associated endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction and osteonecrosis of the femoral head via activating Nrf2 signaling and inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis pathway
Authors: Yao Xudong , Yu Shengnan , Jing Xingzhi , Guo Jiachao , Sun Kai , Guo Fengjing , Ye Yaping 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Glucocorticoid (GC)-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is the most common in non-traumatic ONFH. Despite a strong relationship between GC and ONFH, the detailed mechanisms have remained elusive. Recent studies have shown that GC could directly injure the blood vessels and reduce blood supply in the femoral head. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which were inhibited quantitatively and functionally during ONFH, play an important role in maintaining the normal structure and function of vascular endothelium. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene that promotes cell apoptosis, and its expression was found to be elevated in GC-associated ONFH patients. However, whether direct inhibition of PTEN attenuates GC-associated apoptosis and dysfunction of the EPCs remains largely unknown.

Methods
We investigated the effect of, VO-OHpic, a potent inhibitor of PTEN, in attenuating GC-associated apoptosis and dysfunction of EPCs and the molecular mechanism. SD rats were used to study the effect of VO-OHpic on angiogenesis and osteonecrosis in vivo.

Results
The results revealed that methylprednisolone (MPS) obviously inhibit angiogenesis of EPCs by inducing apoptosis, destroying the normal mitochondrial structure, and disrupting function of mitochondria. VO-OHpic treatment is able to reverse the harmful effects by inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and activating the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. Si-Nrf2 transfection significantly reduced the protective effects of VO-OHpic on EPCs. Our in vivo studies also showed that intraperitoneal injection of VO-OHpic obviously attenuates the osteonecrosis of the femoral head induced by MPS and potently increases the blood supply in the femoral head.

Conclusion
Taken together, the data suggests that inhibition of PTEN with VO-OHpic attenuates apoptosis and promotes angiogenesis of EPCs in vitro via activating Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Moreover, VO-OHpic also mitigates GC-associated ONFH and potentiates angiogenesis in the femoral head.
Sex-specific and shared expression profiles of vulnerability and resilience to trauma in brain and blood
Authors: Kim Grace S. , Uddin Monica 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
While post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined by behavioral/cognitive symptoms most directly relevant to brain function, it can be considered a systemic disorder characterized by a distinct inability to reinstate homeostasis after trauma.

Methods
In this study, we conducted a secondary analysis of gene expression profiles in key PTSD-relevant tissues, namely blood, amygdala, and hippocampus, from a rat model of PTSD, to identify sex-specific and shared processes associated with individual differences in response to recent trauma exposure.

Results
Our findings suggest both shared and sex-specific mechanisms underlying individual differences associated with vulnerability and resilience to trauma in hippocampus, amygdala, and blood. By disentangling cell composition from transcriptional changes, we found higher proportions of hippocampal oligodendrocytes in the PTSD-like, extreme behavioral response (EBR) group for both sexes and also identified modules for transcriptional activity associated with group differences (i.e., response to trauma) in the hippocampus that appeared to be sex-specific. By contrast, we found prominent sex differences, but no group differences, in amygdalar cell composition, and both shared and sex-specific modules representing PTSD-relevant transcriptional activity in the amygdala. Across amygdala and hippocampus, both sex-specific and shared processes were relevant to an overarching framework for EBR implicating disrupted TNFα/NFκΒ signaling and excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in dysregulated synaptic/structural plasticity with important implications for fear learning and memory. Our main finding in peripheral blood was consistent with the human literature and identified wound healing processes and hemostasis to be upregulated in the resilient, minimal behavioral response (MBR) group across sexes, but disrupted in a sexually dimorphic manner in the EBR group.

Conclusion
In contrast to the varied characterization of the PTSD-like EBR group, characterization of MBR across blood, amygdala, and hippocampus suggests a common theme of upregulated wound healing and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling shared between sexes. In all, we identified differential oligodendrocyte proportions in hippocampus between PTSD-like EBR and resilient MBR, and identified processes and pathways that characterize the EBR and MBR-associated transcriptional changes across hippocampus, amygdala, and blood. The sex-specific mechanisms involved in EBR may contribute to the pronounced disparity in risk for PTSD, with women much more likely to develop PTSD.
A three layered histone epigenetics in breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Nandy Debparna , Rajam Sruthy Manuraj , Dutta Debasree 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThanks to the advancement in science and technology and a significant number of cancer research programs being carried out throughout the world, the prevention, prognosis and treatment of breast cancer are improving with a positive and steady pace. However, a stern thoughtful attention is required for the metastatic breast cancer cases—the deadliest of all types of breast cancer, with a character of relapse even when treated. In an effort to explore the less travelled avenues, we summarize here studies underlying the aspects of histone epigenetics in breast cancer metastasis. Authoritative reviews on breast cancer epigenetics are already available; however, there is an urgent need to focus on the epigenetics involved in metastatic character of this cancer. Here we put forward a comprehensive review on how different layers of histone epigenetics comprising of histone chaperones, histone variants and histone modifications interplay to create breast cancer metastasis landscape. Finally, we propose a hypothesis of integrating histone-epigenetic factors as biomarkers that encompass different breast cancer subtypes and hence could be exploited as a target of larger population.
Research on the risk of block chain technology in Internet finance supported by wireless network
Authors: Chen Yu , Zhang Yayun , Zhou Bo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a cascaded depth learning framework is constructed. A cascaded depth model is successfully implemented by studying and analyzing the specific feature transformation, feature selection, and classifier algorithm used in the framework. A feature combination method based on enhanced feature selection and classification is proposed according to the different features learned by each layer of the model. Combining block chain cryptography technology, distributed technology, consensus accounting mechanism of technology innovation, transaction data encapsulation into specific format data unit, encapsulated into a linear list in chronological order, using encryption algorithm trading transparency, traceability of data, security, credibility, and uniqueness in financial data analysis. The experimental results show that with the increase of the number of model layers, our method can significantly improve the classification accuracy. This result also verifies that the proposed model can learn more effective data representation features and also verifies the effectiveness of the proposed feature combination method.
CMBF-based dynamic selection for heterogeneous massive MIMO systems
Authors: Zhang Yinghui , Zhang Biao , Mu Yifan , Song Kun , Gao Jing , Liu Yang 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, an optimal coordinated multipoint beamforming (CMBF) scheme is proposed for heterogeneous networks (HetNets) with massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems for energy efficiency (EE), taking into account the maximum transmission power of the base station (BS) with the limitation on the power consumption of the static circuit. This paper analyzes the influence of the different parameters on the EE and derives a closed-form expression. We investigate the different cooperation schemes, considering the influence of the number of antennas of small base station (SBS) and macro base station (MBS), the quality of service (QoS), and the number of different service users. Therefore, the best parameters can be selected for optimizing EE with the different scenarios in HetNets with massive MIMO systems. Theoretical derivation and simulations show that the amount of BS antennas, achievable rate constraints, quantity of service users, and cooperative schemes all have the vital influences on the EE for the CMBF design. Therefore, the proposed optimization framework enables us to identify key system parameters, and obtain the better system design for the massive MIMO HetNets.
Text and phone calls: user behaviour and dual-channel communication prediction
Authors: Hayat Shamaila , Rextin Aimal , Idris Adnan , Nasim Mehwish 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The contact list size of modern mobile phone users has increased up to hundreds of contacts, making contact retrieval a relatively difficult task. Various algorithms have been designed to predict the contact that a user will call at a given time. These algorithms use historical call data to make this prediction. However, modern mobile users do not just make calls, but also rely on various communication channels like text messages and calls to maintain their social relations. Despite the prevalence of multiple communication channels, predictive analysis of these channels has not been studied so far. Hence, this study deliberated on proposing a predictive model for dual-channel (text and calls). This study initially investigated the dual-channel communication behaviour of smartphone users by using a mixed approach i.e. subjective and objective data analysis and found many peculiarities. It was observed that the preferred communication channel was different for various contacts, even for a single user. Although the cost-effective texts were found to be more popular over phone calls, a significant proportion of user pairs seemed to prefer calls for most of their communication. A generic predictive framework for the dual-channel environment was proposed based upon these findings. This model predicts the next communication event by modelling temporal information of call and text on a 2D plane. This framework has three variations which not only predict the person who will be contacted at a particular time but also predict the channel of communication (call or text). Finally, the performance of different versions of the algorithm was evaluated using real-world dual-channel data. One version of the predictive model outperformed the other variations with a prediction accuracy over 90 percent, while the other variations also performed well.
Enriched continuum for multi-scale transient diffusion coupled to mechanics
Authors: Waseem Abdullah , Heuzé Thomas , Stainier Laurent , Geers Marc G. D. , Kouznetsova Varvara G. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this article, we present a computationally efficient homogenization technique for linear coupled diffusion–mechanics problems. It considers a linear chemo-mechanical material model at the fine scale, and relies on a full separation of scales between the time scales governing diffusion and mechanical phenomena, and a relaxed separation of scales for diffusion between the matrix and the inclusion. When the characteristic time scales associated with mass diffusion are large compared to those linked to the deformation, the mechanical problem can be considered to be quasi-static, and a full separation of scales can be assumed, whereas the diffusion problem remains transient. Using equivalence of the sum of virtual powers of internal and transient forces between the microscale and the macroscale, a homogenization framework is derived for the mass diffusion, while for the mechanical case, considering its quasi-static nature, the classical equivalence of the virtual work of internal forces is used instead. Model reduction is then applied at the microscale. Assuming a relaxed separation of scales for diffusion phenomena, the microscopic fields are split into steady-state and transient parts, for which distinct reduced bases are extracted, using static condensation for the steady-state part and the solution of an eigenvalue problem for the transient part. The model reduction at the microscale results in emergent macroscopic enriched field variables, evolution of which is described with a set of ordinary differential equations which are inexpensive to solve. The net result is a coupled diffusion–mechanics enriched continuum at the macroscale. Numerical examples are conducted for the cathode–electrolyte system characteristic of a lithium ion battery. The proposed reduced order homogenization method is shown to be able to capture the coupled behavior of this system, whereby high computational gains are obtained relative to a full computational homogenization method.
Embedded flexibilization and polite employer domination: the case of short-track apprenticeships in Switzerland
Authors: Di Maio Gina , Graf Lukas , Wilson Anna 
Published: March 2020

AbstractLiberalization pressures challenge countries to adapt their training systems. This is particularly relevant for coordinated market economies with firm-driven but collectively governed apprenticeship systems. Recent literature has identified different liberalization trajectories for these countries. For instance, segmentalism describes the increasing influence of large employers in Germany. In Denmark, state agencies manage increased flexibility in training through embedded flexibilization. In this paper, we identify a new form of embedded flexibilization, characterized by polite employer domination. We find this trajectory of liberalization in Switzerland, which represents another training system heavily based on firm involvement. We illustrate our argument with the example of short-track apprenticeship training, which has been expanded in all three mentioned countries in response to ongoing liberalization and deindustrialization pressures. In Switzerland, the relevant reform was initiated by the state while business adopted a rather passive role initially. Yet, state actors eventually stepped back and delegated key competences to employers, which implies that the employers’ camp asserted their interests in the end while tolerating some concessions for the benefit of disadvantaged groups. Our process tracing reveals that policy makers used layering to implement short-tracks that enhance social inclusion, while simultaneously increasing the scope of employer cooperation.
Detection of defects in atomic-resolution images of materials using cycle analysis
Authors: Ovchinnikov Oleg S. , O’Hara Andrew , Jesse Stephen , Hudak Bethany M. , Yang Shi‐Ze , Lupini Andrew R. , Chisholm Matthew F. , Zhou Wu , Kalinin Sergei V. , Borisevich Albina Y. , Pantelides Sokrates T. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe automated detection of defects in high-angle annular dark-field Z-contrast (HAADF) scanning-transmission-electron microscopy (STEM) images has been a major challenge. Here, we report an approach for the automated detection and categorization of structural defects based on changes in the material’s local atomic geometry. The approach applies geometric graph theory to the already-found positions of atomic-column centers and is capable of detecting and categorizing any defect in thin diperiodic structures (i.e., “2D materials”) and a large subset of defects in thick diperiodic structures (i.e., 3D or bulk-like materials). Despite the somewhat limited applicability of the approach in detecting and categorizing defects in thicker bulk-like materials, it provides potentially informative insights into the presence of defects. The categorization of defects can be used to screen large quantities of data and to provide statistical data about the distribution of defects within a material. This methodology is applicable to atomic column locations extracted from any type of high-resolution image, but here we demonstrate it for HAADF STEM images.
Pathological complete response after intraperitoneal paclitaxel and systemic combined chemotherapy in a patient with peritoneal metastases from gastric cancer: a case report
Authors: Meguro Yoshiyuki , Yamaguchi Hironori , Kitayama Joji , Kanamaru Rihito , Matsumoto Shiro , Ui Takashi , Haruta Hidenori , Kurashina Kentaro , Saito Shin , Hosoya Yoshinori , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Sata Naohiro 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Despite recent progress in systemic chemotherapy, the prognosis of patients with peritoneal metastases from gastric cancer is still poor. Efficacious intraperitoneal and systemic combination chemotherapy regimens to treat patients with peritoneal metastases have recently been developed.

Case presentation
A 74-year-old man with gastric cancer T4b (transverse mesocolon) N3 M1 (peritoneum) received combination chemotherapy with intraperitoneal administration of paclitaxel, intravenous oxaliplatin, and oral S-1. Eight courses of combined chemotherapy had remarkable anti-tumor effects on the primary lesion, lymph node metastases, and peritoneal metastases. Total gastrectomy with regional lymph node dissection was performed. Pathological examination revealed no viable tumor cells in the resected specimens. After gastrectomy, the patient received 25 courses of the same chemotherapy without oxaliplatin and has no evidence of recurrence 24 months later.

Discussion
Therapeutic approaches including systemic chemotherapy, extended resection, and heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy have been used to treat patients with peritoneal metastases. Repeat therapy with intraperitoneal paclitaxel has been used recently. Intraperitoneal administration of paclitaxel results in prolonged retention in the peritoneal cavity with effects against peritoneal metastases. Repeated administration of paclitaxel does not cause adhesions in the peritoneal cavity. When combination chemotherapy is effective, salvage gastrectomy is a promising option with minimal morbidity and mortality.

Conclusion
Combined chemotherapy with intraperitoneal paclitaxel and systemic chemotherapy followed by gastrectomy is a promising strategy for patients with advanced gastric cancer and peritoneal metastases.
Effects of head motion on postural stability in healthy young adults with chronic motion sensitivity
Authors: Albalwi Abdulaziz A. , Johnson Eric G. , Alharbi Ahmad A. , Daher Noha S. , Cordett Tim K. , Ambode Oluwaseun I. , Alshehri Fahad H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundMotion sensitivity, or motion sickness, is common in modern vehicular and visually stimulating environments. Several studies have shown a relationship between motion sensitivity and decreased postural stability. We aimed to evaluate the effects of head motion (horizontal and vertical) on postural stability in healthy adults with and without chronic motion sensitivity (CMS).MethodsSixty healthy adult men and women (age, 20–40 years) with CMS (CMS group,n = 30) and without CMS (non-CMS group,n = 30) participated in the study. Postural stability was assessed during three conditions (static, horizontal head motion, and vertical head motion) using computerized dynamic posturography. Group and condition-related differences in equilibrium scores were evaluated.ResultsThere was no significant group x condition interaction (F2,114 = 0.9, partial ƞ2 = 0.04,p = 0.35). However, significant condition-related differences in equilibrium scores were observed (F2,114 = 26.4, partial ƞ2 = 0.31,p < 0.001). Equilibrium scores were significantly worse in the horizontal and vertical head motion conditions compared to those in the static condition (p < 0.001), but were comparable in vertical and horizontal head motion conditions (p = 0.27).ConclusionsPostural stability was lower in the horizontal and vertical conditions compared to the static condition. However, horizontal and vertical head motions had comparable effects on postural stability in both CMS and non-CMS groups, contrary to our expectations.
A minimally invasive surgical approach for the treatment of piriformis syndrome: a case series
Authors: Hogan Elizabeth , Vora Darshan , Sherman Jonathan H. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background
Piriformis syndrome accounts for approximately 6% of patients who present with sciatic pain. There are many treatment options ranging from physical therapy, to trigger point injections, to surgical intervention. We discuss a surgical method that represents a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of piriformis syndrome.

Methods
We describe a novel operative approach and technique for release of the piriformis muscle in the treatment of piriformis syndrome. Described are the preoperative planning, incision and approach, and technique for identifying and releasing the piriformis muscle.

Results
Three patients were treated for piriformis syndrome using the described technique. Each patient displayed successful relief of their symptoms immediately following the surgical procedure and at delayed follow-up.

Conclusion
Early experience with our method of piriformis release suggests that it is well suited for the treatment of piriformis syndrome. The novel integration of pre-operative trigger point localization coupled with intraoperative neuromonitoring allows effective pain relief with minimal morbidity.