bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of Transport Mechanisms of Coal Particles and Gas-Water Interfacial Friction Factor for Stratified Flow in Coal-Bed Methane Horizontal Wellbore
Authors: Wang Dongying , Wang Zhiming , Chen Sirui , Wang Xiaoqiu , Zeng Quanshu 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In coal-bed methane (CBM) horizontal wells, coal particles generally deposit on the low side of the wellbore to form a particle bed, which increases well pressure loss and even blocks the well. The coal particle bed undergoes changes in height and geometry with the fluctuation of gas and water production. Besides, with a low water flow rate, the water layer in CBM well is extremely thin. Both the dynamically changing particle bed and thin water layer make the conventional gas/water interfacial friction factor (fi) prediction method for stratified flow in horizontal pipe not suitable for that of CBM well.
Based on the large-size multiphase complex flow experimental equipment, a gas/liquid/solid three- phase flow experiment in horizontal pipe was carried out. In the experiment, gas flow rate, water flow rate and coal particle size were the three main factors considered. During the experiment, the gas/water flow pattern, migration of coal particles and evolution of blocked section could be investigated through the transparent pipe. Furthermore, due to the significant effect of coal particle bed on the height of gas-water interface, a non-negligible gravitational pressure drop calculated using water level differences is taken into consideration when obtaining the friction pressure drop.
In the experiment, three gas/water flow patterns including slug flow, stratified smooth flow and stratified wavy flow were observed. The coal particles mainly transport by means of rolling and saltating in the thin water layer under stratified flow and migrate by way of dispersing in water under slug flow. Besides, for particles no larger than 20-30 mesh, the blocked section tended to be overall driven forward like fluid by local high differential pressure and then led to the discontinuity of coal particle bed. However, for blocked section with particles not less than 10-20 mesh, instead of being driven forward, the coal particles on the top surface of it would be carried away layer by layer until the raised part was eroded off. Furthermore, as with the situation in gas/liquid two-phase stratified flow in horizontal pipe, fi in the experiment increases with liquid Reynolds number (ReL). However, it is much larger than that of gas/liquid stratified flow under the same ReL,. The analysis of experimental data presents a closely negative correlation between fi and the equivalent diameter of effective flow channel. As for the coal particle size, it has some indirect effects on fi through the equivalent diameter of effective flow channel.
This work is helpful for coal particle management and productivity prediction during CBM development, which may provide guidance to particle-bailing operation and also serve as a basis for theoretical mechanistic models to predict the gas/liquid interfacial friction factor of gas/liquid/solid three-phase stratified flow.
A Needs Assessment for Postgraduate Training in Selected Public Health Disciplines: Evidence from Health Services Organisations in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Bulawayo Maio , Silumbwe Adam , Munakampe Margarate Nzala , Mukumbuta Nawa , Musabula Juliet , Chewe Mwimba , Mweemba Chris , Michelo Charles , Hangoma Peter 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: As most low and middle-income countries seek to achieve universal health coverage targets, there is an ever-increasing need to train human resources with the required core skills and competencies. This study reports on a needs assessment conducted among health services organisations (HSOs) to understand postgraduate training needs and service gaps for selected public health disciplines – Health Policy and Systems, Health Economics, and Healthcare Management and Planning – at the University of Zambia. Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional design, comprising qualitative and quantitative components. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews administered to 32 representatives of purposively sampled public and private health service organisations based in Lusaka Zambia. The health services organisations included regulatory authorities, research institutions, government ministries, insurance firms and other cooperating partners. Results: Overall (n=22), more than 68% of the stakeholders reported that they had no employees that were formally trained in the three disciplines. More than 90% of the stakeholders opined that training in these disciplines would be beneficial in providing competencies to strengthen service provision. The horizontal skills mismatch for health economics, and health services management and planning were found to be 93% and 100%, respectively. Among the critical public health training needs were: policy development and analysis, economic evaluation, and strategic management. Conclusions: This study confirms that introducing post-graduate training in the proposed public health disciplines will not only benefit Zambian health services organisations but also help strengthen the health systems in general. For other empirical contexts, the findings imply the need for the introduction of academic programmes which respond to ever-changing public health skills demanded. They should be matched with local priorities and service delivery.
Active constituents of Zanthoxylum nitidium from Yunnan Province against leukaemia cells in vitro
Authors: Deng Ying , Ding Tongtong , Deng Lulu , Hao Xiaojiang , Mu Shu Zhen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Zanthoxylum nitidium (Roxb.) DC (Rutaceae) is well known for inhibiting the proliferation of human gastric, liver, kidney and lung cancer cells, though research on its potential use in treating leukaemia is relatively rare. Twenty-six compounds were isolated from the chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of the roots and leaves of Z. nitidium. They were (+)-9′-O-transferuloyl-5, 5′-dimethoxylaricriresinol (1), 8-(3′-oxobut-1′-en-1′-yl)-5, 7-dimethoxy-coumarin (2), 5, 7, 8-trimethoxy-coumarin (3), 5-(3′, 3′-dimethyl-2′-butenyloxy)-7, 8-dimethoxy-coumarin (4), 2-(5-methoxy-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl) methyl acetate (5), 2′-(5, 6-dihydrochleletrythrine-6-yl) ethyl acetate (6), 6-acetonyldi-hydrochelerythrine (7), 6β-hydroxymethyldihydronitidine (8), bocconoline (9), zanthoxyline (10), O-methylzanthoxyline (11), rhoifoline B (12), N-nornitidine (13), nitidine (14), chelerythrine (15), 4-hydroxyl-7,8-dimethoxy-furoquinoline (16), dictamnine (17), γ-fagarine (18), skimmianine (19), robustine (20), R-(+)-platydesmine (21), 4-methoxyl-1-methyl-2-quinoline (22), 4-methoxy-2-quinolone (23), liriodenine (24), aurantiamide acetate (25), 10-O-demethyl-12-O-methylarnottianamide (26). Four among them, compounds 4-6 and 16, were first confirmed in this study by UV, IR, 1D, 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectra. Compounds 1-2 and 11 were isolated from Z. nitidium for the first time. Of the assayed compounds, 1, 2, 9, 10, 14, 15 and 24, exhibited good inhibitory activities in the leukaemia cell line HEL, whereas compound 14 (IC50: 3.59 µM) and compound 24 (IC50: 15.95 µM) exhibited potent inhibitory activities. So, to further investigate the possible mechanisms, cell cycle and apoptosis assays were performed, which indicated that compound 14 causes obvious S-phase arrest in HEL cells and induced apoptosis, whereas compound 24 only induced apoptosis. The present results suggested both compounds 14 and 24 are promising potential anti-leukaemia drug candidates.
Long-term outcomes of fluoroscopy-guided tracheal stents removal under fluoroscopy guidance: comparison of tracheal fistulas and tracheal stenosis
Authors: Bi Yonghua , Li Jindong , Bai Liangliang , Han Xinwei , Ren Jianzhuang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Endoscopic removal is the most common method for removal of tracheal stents. Few studies have reported the technique of fluoroscopy-guided stent removal for tracheal fistula and tracheal stenosis. We aimed to study the safety and efficacy of fluoroscopy-guided stent removal as well as the optimal duration for stent usage. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 152 patients who underwent fluoroscopy-guided stent removal from January 2011 to June 2017. Reasons for stent implantation were tracheal fistula in 85 patients (TF group), and tracheal stenosis in 67 patients (TS group). All patients underwent tracheal CT scans before stent removal and during follow up. The technical success rate, complications, and survival rate were compared between the two groups. Results: The technical success rate of stent removal was 98.9% and 97.4%, respectively for the TF and TS group. Removal was routine for half of patients, and in the remainder, excessive granulation tissue was the common indications for stent removal, which was found after stenting at 142.1±25.9 days in the TF group, and at 89.9±15.0 day in the TS group. The total incidence of complications was 21.1% and 22.4%, respectively, for the TF and TS groups. Perioperative death occurred in one patient in the TF group, and two patients in the TS group. Recurrence of fistula or stenosis requiring re-stenting was the most comment complication in both groups. The 0.5-, 3-, 6-year survival rates were 90.3%, 59.6%, and 36.1% for TF group, and 80.4%, 75.7%, 75.7% for TS group. Conclusions: Fluoroscopic removal of tracheal stents is safe and effective for both tracheal fistula and tracheal stenosis, with no significant difference in outcomes. Clinicians should pay attention to the risk of hemoptysis for patients with malignant tumors and a combination with endoscopic hemostasis may help improve its safety.
The Influence of Dust Levels on Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Global Temperature
Authors: Allen David , Sandakchiev Danail , HOOPER VINCENT , Ivanov Ivan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine the causality between DUST, CO2 and temperature for the Vostok ice core data series [Vostok Data Series], dating from 420 000 years ago, and the EPICA C Dome data going back 800 000 years. In addition, the time-varying volatility and coefficient of variation in the CO2, dust and temperature is examined, as well as their dynamic correlations and interactions. We find a clear link between atmospheric C02 levels, dust and temperature, together with a bi-directional causality effects when applying both Granger Causality Tests (1969) and multi-directional Non-Linear analogues, i.e. Generalized Correlation. We apply both parametric and non-parametric statistical measures and testing. Linear interpolation with 100 years and 1000 years is applied to the three variables, in order to solve the problem of data points mismatch among them. The visualizations and descriptive statistics of the interpolated variables (using the two periods) show robustness in the results. The data analysis points out that variables are volatile, but their respective rolling mean and standard deviation remain stable. Additionally, 1000 years interpolated data suggests positive correlation between temperature and CO2, while dust is negatively correlated with both temperature and CO2.

The application of the non-parametric Generalized Measure of Correlation to our data sets, in a pairwise fashion suggested that CO2 better explains temperature than temperature does CO2, that temperature better explains dust than dust does temperature, and finally that CO2 better explains dust than vice -versa. The latter two pairs of relationships are negative.

The summary of the paper presents some avenues for further research, as well as some policy relevant suggestions.
Physical Activity in Sahara Moroccan Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: bahadi abdelaali , lagtarna Hamza , benbria sanae , zajjari yassir , kabbaj Driss El , zemraoui nadir 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: The evaluation of physical activity for chronic hemodialysis patients is a new approach for the patient global care. The objective of this work is to evaluate the physical activity in chronic hemodialysis patients and identify the risk factors associated with reduced physical activity. This is a prospective study during 6 months including 150 chronic hemodialysis patients in the Guelmim-Oued Noun Regionin moroccan sahara. We use Baecke's survey, translated and validated in Arabic local language. The socio-demographic, Clinical and biological data were completed during the interrogation and from the medical records of the patients. Results: The mean age of our patients was 54.6 +/- 16.4 years, with male predominance (59%). Most patients have a low education level and 60% were illiterate. Hypertension was found in 54% of our patients, diabetes in 39% and cardiovascular disease in 10% of patients. Low Physical activity was associated with gender (OR=4.05), age (OR=1.03) and education level (OR=0.2). Our work has met the various pre-established objectives, however other more specific studies must be conducted to better characterize the profile of physical activity in chronic hemodialysis patients.
Sestrin-mediated leucine sensing by mTORC1 is essential for detecting and adapting to a low leucine diet in Drosophila
Authors: Sabatini David , Perrimon Norbert , Gu Xin , Jouandin Patrick , Valenstein Max , Binari Richard , Locasale Jason , Allen Annamarie , Reid Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
How Can India Achieve Sustainable Transportation Goals Through Electrification?
Authors: De Krishnarti , Majumder Suman , Kumar Praveen , Biswas Pabitra 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Air pollution has led to global temperature increases and health hazards. Emission reduction is a global
mission, and countries worldwide are working towards this goal. Transportation network electrification is a possible
solution. Electrifying only transit systems will not have much impact without energy policy evolution and renewable
source share enhancement. Since transportation needs rise with increasing population, emission intensity reduction steps
should be implemented soon to affect global emission reduction. This work proposes reducing the share of vehicles with
high per-passenger emissions and replacing them with mass transit systems under a generation scenario. It primarily
establishes emission trends under the current vehicle scenario with only fossil fuel-burning vehicles and electric vehicle
(EV) scenarios. It also considers different fuel mixes and finally compares all vehicle and fuel mix combinations. Results
reveal that the proposed transport and fuel mix options help to reach the target set by India under the Paris Agreement.
The Role of Undegraduate Medical Students Training in Respect for Patient Confidentiality
Authors: Beltran-Aroca Cristina M , Ruiz-Montero Rafael , Labella Fernando , Girela-López Eloy 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Encouraging professional integrity is vital in providing a standard of excellence in the quality of medical care and education, promoting a culture of respect and responsibility. The main objective of this work consisted of studying the relationship of medical students with the right to intimacy of patients in Spain, specifically analysing the conditions of accessing patients’ Clinical History (CH).Methods: A questionnaire was sent by e-mail to final-year students at 41 Spanish universities. It had 14 multiple choice and closed questions framed in 3 large blocks. The first one addressed basic general knowledge issues on the right to intimacy and the obligation of confidentiality. The two remaining blocks were made up of questions directed towards evaluating the frequency with which certain requirements and steps of action related to the students in attending the patient were performed, and regarding the guarantees in accessing and handling their CH both on paper and in the Electronic Medical Record.Results: A total of 245 valid replies was considered. 67.8% of participants were women, with an average age of 24.05±3.49 years. Up to 90.6% were aware that confidentiality affected the data in CHs, although 43.3% possessed non-anonymized photocopies of patients’ clinical reports outside healthcare context, and only 49.8% of the students were always adequately identified. 59.2% accessed patients’ CHs on some occasions by using passwords of healthcare professionals and 77.2% of them did not have patients’ express consent and 71.9% accessed a CH that was not anonymised.Conclusions: The role of healthcare institutions and universities is considered to be fundamental in implementing educational measures regarding the risks and ethical and legal problems arising from the use of CHs among professionals and students. A profound study of medical ethics is needed through the analysis of clinical cases, and direct exposure to situations in which the patient’s confidentiality is questioned.
Carbon Sequestration Using a Hypersaline Environment: A New Use for Solar Energy
Authors: David Eichler 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BackgroundClimate change motivates consideration of alternative energy, including solar energy and conversion of biomass to fuel.ResultsIt is suggested here that a more economical way of reducing CO2 emission would be to preserve existing biomass with salt, and perhaps other sterilizing agents. It is found that the required solar energy to produce the salt from ocean water can produce an order of magnitude more mass in salt than the mass of combusted carbon needed to yield an equivalent amount of energy.ConclusionsPreservation, by salt alone, of biomass in the amount needed to offset global use of fossil fuel - would presently require increasing the world's salt production by an order of magnitude or so. On the other hand, this would require much less area per unit of avoided CO2 emission than converting solar energy directly to electricity.
The Role of Personality Associated with In-Hospital Delay in Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lu Zhenchan , Qiu Caixia , Yang Xiangyan , Ma Honggang , Shen Shuang , Xia Shenlin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Decreasing the in-hospital delay is one of the critical effective strategies for thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke. we examined whether physician personality traits are associated with in-hospital delay in conducting treatment of intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke among neurologists.Methods: Overall 354 consecutive patients who received intravenous thrombolysis during a 2.5 year-period in emergency department were included. Self-reported questionnaires of the Big Five Inventory and demographic characteristics were distributed among 13 neurologists. Multivariable analysis was performed to explore the effects of the Big Five Personality Traits on in-hospital delay for acute ischemic stroke. Results: The traits of agreeableness in all physicians decreased the likelihood of in-hospital delay (OR: 0.831, 95% CI: 0.766-0.901, p<0.001). The traits of openness in female physicians (OR:0.646; 95% CI:0.469-0.890; p=0.008) and the traits of extraversion in male physicians (OR:0.613; 95% CI: 0.475-0.791; p<0.001) decreased the likelihood of in-hospital delay. The traits of conscientiousness in female (OR: 1.713, 95% CI: 1.209–2.427; p=0.002) and the traits of openness in male (OR: 1.431; 95% CI: 1.802-1.892; p=0.012) increased the likelihood of in-hospital delay. Conclusions: The study demonstrate that the personality traits of physician are associated with in-hospital delay for thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke.
Using Redox Potential as a Feasible Marker for Banked Blood Quality and the State of Oxidative Stress in Stored Red Blood Cells
Authors: Daniels Rodney C , Jun Hyesun , Davenport Robertson D , Collinson Maryanne M , Ward Kevin R 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Stored Red Blood Cells (RBCs) may undergo oxidative stress over time, with functional changes affecting critical tasks such as oxygen delivery. Central to these changes are oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions and the redox potential (RP) that must be maintained for proper cell function. RP imbalance can lead to oxidative stress that may contribute to storage lesions and transfusion-related morbidities. Direct measures of RP may allow for evaluation of erythrocyte quality and enable corrections of RP prior to transfusion. Methods Multiple random RBC segments were tested, ranging in age from 5 to 40 days at 5 day intervals. RP was recorded by measuring open circuit potential of RBCs using novel nanoporous gold electrodes with Ag/AgCl reference. RP measures were also performed on peripheral venous blood samples from 10 healthy volunteers. RP measures were compared between groups of aged RBCs, and with volunteer blood. Results Stored RBCs show time-dependent increases in RP. There were significant differences in Day 5 RP compared to all other groups (p≤0.005), Day 10-15 vs ages ≥ Day 20 (p≤0.025), Day 20-25 vs Day 40 (p=0.039), and all groups compared to healthy volunteers. RP became more positive over time suggesting ongoing oxidation as RBCs age. However, storage time alone does not predict the ultimate RP value measured from a given unit.Conclusions There are significant differences in RP between freshly stored RBCs and all others, with RP becoming more positive over time. However, storage time alone does not predict RP, indicating RP screening may be important independent of storage time and may serve as a marker of RBC quality and state of oxidative stress. RP measurements may also provide a target by which to restore RP balance in aged pRBCs, improving their clinical effectiveness while reducing associated morbidities.
Association between insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin resistance in obese prepubertal boys: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kuang Jiangying , Zhang Li , Xu Yueqin , Xue Jiang , liang shuang 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background

As one of the most common features of obesity, insulin resistance is central to the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Low insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) levels have been proven to be associated with many traditional cardiovascular risk factors, but it still remains controversy with the relationship between IGF-1 and insulin resistance. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between IGF-1 and insulin resistance in obese prepubertal boys.
Methods

We used whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) to represent insulin resistance. 70 obese prepubertal boys were included in this study, and the obese subjects were divided into two groups by using 1.285 as a threshold value for WBISI. Clinical examination and laboratory examinations were assessed for all participants.
Results

Among obese boys, the group of children with WBISI ≤ 1.285 had lower IGF-1 standard deviation scores (SDS) (p = 0.021) than WBISI > 1.285 group. The results of multivariate stepwise regression analysis show that WBISI was positively correlated with IGF-1 SDS (β = 1.726, p = 0.002) after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
Conclusion

IGF-1 SDS was negatively associated with insulin resistance in obese prepubertal boys, independent of other traditional cardiovascular disease risk markers.