bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence rates of small planets from HARPS
Authors: Bashi D. , Zucker S. , Adibekyan V. , Santos N. C. , Tal-Or L. , Trifonov T. , Mazeh T. 
Published: October 2020

Context. The stars in the Milky Way thin and thick disks can be distinguished by several properties such as metallicity and kinematics. It is not clear whether the two populations also differ in the properties of planets orbiting the stars. In order to study this, a careful analysis of both the chemical composition and mass detection limits is required for a sufficiently large sample. Currently, this information is still limited only to large radial-velocity (RV) programs. Based on the recently published archival database of the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) spectrograph, we present a first analysis of low-mass (small) planet occurrence rates in a sample of thin- and thick-disk stars.
Aims. We aim to assess the effects of stellar properties on planet occurrence rates and to obtain first estimates of planet occurrence rates in the thin and thick disks of the Galaxy. As a baseline for comparison, we also aim to provide an updated value for the small close-in planet occurrence rate and compare it with the results of previous RV and transit (Kepler) works.
Methods. We used archival HARPS RV datasets to calculate detection limits of a sample of stars that were previously analysed for their elemental abundances. For stars with known planets we first subtracted the Keplerian orbit. We then used this information to calculate planet occurrence rates according to a simplified Bayesian model in different regimes of stellar and planet properties.
Results. Our results suggest that metal-poor stars and more massive stars host fewer low-mass close-in planets. We find the occurrence rates of these planets in the thin and thick disks to be comparable. In the iron-poor regimes, we find these occurrence rates to be significantly larger at the high-α region (thick-disk stars) as compared with the low-α region (thin-disk stars). In general, we find the average number of close-in small planets (2–100 days, 1–20M⊕) per star (FGK-dwarfs) to be: n¯p = 0.36 ± 0.05, while the fraction of stars with planets is Fh = 0.23−0.03+0.04. Qualitatively, our results agree well with previous estimates based on RV and Kepler surveys.
Conclusions. This work provides a first estimate of the close-in small planet occurrence rates in the solar neighbourhood of the thin and thick disks of the Galaxy. It is unclear whether there are other stellar properties related to the Galactic context that affect small-planet occurrence rates, or if it is only the combined effects of stellar metal content and mass. A future larger sample of stars and planets is needed to address those questions.
Psychische Komorbiditäten bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen mit Typ-1-Diabetes
Authors: Geirhos Agnes , Domhardt Matthias , Galler Angela , Reinauer Christina , Warschburger Petra , Müller-Stierlin Annabel S. , Minden Kirsten , Temming Svenja , Holl Reinhard W. , Baumeister Harald 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungJugendliche und junge Erwachsene mit Typ-1-Diabetes sind häufig von komorbiden psychischen Störungen betroffen. Dabei zeigt die Studienlage zur Verbreitung ein heterogenes und inkonsistentes Bild. Diagnose und Behandlung der somatopsychischen Begleiterkrankungen beeinflussen den Behandlungs- und Krankheitsverlauf sowie die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen. Trotzdem wird dies in der klinischen Praxis selten frühzeitig berücksichtigt. Das multizentrische Verbundprojekt COACH verfolgt das Ziel, die Erkennung und Behandlung psychischer Komorbidität für diese Zielgruppe in der bundesweiten Routineversorgung zu optimieren.
Synthesis of Lactams via Isocyanide-Based Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Pharande Shrikant G. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLactams are very important heterocycles as a result of their presence in a wide range of bioactive molecules, natural products and drugs, and also due their utility as versatile synthetic intermediates. Due to these reasons, numerous efforts have focused on the development of effective and efficient methods for their synthesis. Compared to conventional two-component reactions, multicomponent reactions (MCRs), particularly isocyanide-based MCRs, are widely used for the synthesis of a range of small heterocycles including lactam analogues. Despite their numerous applications in almost every field of chemistry, as yet there is no dedicated review on isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs) concerning the synthesis of lactams. Therefore, this review presents strategies towards the synthesis of α-, β-, γ-, δ- and ε-lactams using IMCRs or IMCRs/post-transformation reactions reported in the literature between 2000 and 2020.1	Introduction2	Developments in Lactam Synthesis2.1	α-Lactams2.2	β-Lactams2.3	γ-Lactams2.3.1	General γ-Lactams2.3.2	Benzo-Fused γ-Lactams2.3.3	Spiro γ-Lactams2.3.4	α,β-Unsaturated γ-Lactams2.3.5	Polycyclic Fused γ-Lactams2.4	δ-Lactams2.5	ε-Lactams3	Conclusions
Synthetic Studies towards the Total Synthesis of Indole Alkaloids Containing Indolyl Lactam Frameworks
Authors: Han Fu-She , Tan Dong-Xing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn this account, recent progress on the synthetic studies of several monoterpene indole alkaloids, (±)-mersicarpine, misassigned (±)-tronoharine, and (±)-leuconodines D and E, is summarized. Specifically, the rationale for the design and development of the Lewis acid catalyzed SN1-type substitution and formal [3+3] cycloaddition reaction of indol-2-yl carbinols, and the Pd-catalyzed aerobic oxidative intramolecular Heck cross-coupling of indolyl amides tethered with a terminal olefin functionality, are emphasized. These key reactions set the basis for the rapid construction of the fused ring skeleton containing an all-carbon quaternary center at the indol-2-yl position.1	Introduction2	Synthetic Study of (±)-Mersicarpine3	Synthetic Study of the Misassigned (±)-Tronoharine4	Study of the Asymmetric Reaction of Indol-2-yl Carbinols5	Synthetic Study of (±)-Leuconodines D and E6	Conclusion
Direct and Regioselective C(sp3)–H Bond Fluorination of 2-Alkylazaarenes with Selectfluor
Authors: Chausset-Boissarie Laëtitia , Le Guen Clothilde , Mazzah Ahmed , Penhoat Maël , Melnyk Patricia , Rolando Christian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHerein, a regioselective and direct monofluorination strategy of pyridylic and quinolinic C(sp3)–H bonds was developed under transition-metal-free conditions with Selectfluor. The reaction was performed under smooth conditions and afforded fluorinated azahetero­cycles including 2-methylpyridines and -quinolines in moderate to good yields.
Combined Tissue Transfer for Extensive Lower Limb Complex Defects: Flow-through Flaps, Chimera, and “Orochi” Flaps
Authors: Koshima Isao 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPerforator flaps can be raised anywhere in the body, with minimal donor-site deformity, and can be made into custom-made combined composite flaps, especially for severe complex defects such as osteomyelitis of the lower limbs. Here, we report on the representative application of the combined tissue transfers for complex leg defects. For a wide range of complex defects in the lower extremity, it is necessary to perform reliable revascularization by bypass or flow-through type or vein graft. At the same time, a chimeric or “Orochi” type combined transfer using a minimally invasive perforator flaps and a well-vascularized bone flap are useful. In the case of nerve palsy, it could be possible to combine vascularized nerve flaps. Combined tissue transfers with less invasive donor will be more available in the future.
Content Coverage Evaluation of the OMOP Vocabulary on the Transplant Domain Focusing on Concepts Relevant for Kidney Transplant Outcomes Analysis
Authors: Cho Sylvia , Sin Margaret , Tsapepas Demetra , Dale Leigh-Anne , Husain Syed A. , Mohan Sumit , Natarajan Karthik 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Improving outcomes of transplant recipients within and across transplant centers is important with the increasing number of organ transplantations being performed. The current practice is to analyze the outcomes based on patient level data submitted to the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS). Augmenting the UNOS data with other sources such as the electronic health record will enrich the outcomes analysis, for which a common data model (CDM) can be a helpful tool for transforming heterogeneous source data into a uniform format.
Objectives In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of representing concepts from the UNOS transplant registry forms with the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) CDM vocabulary to understand the content coverage of OMOP vocabulary on transplant-specific concepts.
Methods Two annotators manually mapped a total of 3,571 unique concepts extracted from the UNOS registry forms to concepts in the OMOP vocabulary. Concept mappings were evaluated by (1) examining the agreement among the initial two annotators and (2) investigating the number of UNOS concepts not mapped to a concept in the OMOP vocabulary and then classifying them. A subset of mappings was validated by clinicians.
Results There was a substantial agreement between annotators with a kappa score of 0.71. We found that 55.5% of UNOS concepts could not be represented with OMOP standard concepts. The majority of unmapped UNOS concepts were categorized into transplant, measurement, condition, and procedure concepts.
Conclusion We identified categories of unmapped concepts and found that some transplant-specific concepts do not exist in the OMOP vocabulary. We suggest that adding these missing concepts to OMOP would facilitate further research in the transplant domain.
Parent-Reported Feeding Difficulties among Children Born with Esophageal Atresia: Prevalence and Early Risk Factors
Authors: Ax Sofie Örnö , Abrahamsson Kate , Gatzinsky Vladimir , Jönsson Linus , Dellenmark-Blom Michaela 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Introduction We aimed to describe the prevalence of observable feeding difficulties during mealtimes among children with repaired esophageal atresia (EA) and to determine their early predictors.
Materials and Methods A survey, based on parents' reports and concerning difficulties in EA children's nutritional intake, was performed with the help of 114 families of 2 to 17-year-old EA patients. Neonatal and clinical/surgical data were collected from medical records. Comparisons were made of the prevalence n (%) of feeding difficulties between children in three age groups (2 to 7 years, 8 to 12 years, or 13 to 17 years of age) using the Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test. Logistic regression identified outcome predictors (odds ratio: 95% confidence interval). Predictors with p ≤ 0.1 in the univariable analysis were included in multiple regression analysis (p < 0.05).
Results Seventy-five percent of the young children aged 2 to 7, (median number of feeding difficulties: 2), 61% of school-aged children aged 8 to 12 (median number of feeding difficulties: 1), and 60% patients in the teenage group, aged 13 to 17, (median number of feeding difficulties: 1), reported feeding difficulties. Surgical complications after EA repair independently predicted children having a gastrostomy (p ≤ 0.01), using a food infusion pump (p ≤ 0.01), taking small portions to facilitate eating (p = 0.01), and needing >30 minutes to finish a main meal (p = 0.02). Congenital independent predictors were VACTERL, low birth weight, and preterm birth.
Conclusion Parentally observed feeding difficulties were commonly reported during early childhood, although prevalence decreases in older age groups. Several congenital and surgical factors were identified as independent predictors of complicated nutritional intake patterns.
Chronic Knee and Ankle Pain Treatment through Selective Microsurgical Approaches: A Minimally Invasive Option in the Treatment Algorithm for Refractory Lower Limb Pain
Authors: Pietramaggiori Giorgio , Sapino Gianluca , De Santis Giorgio , Bassetto Franco , Scherer Saja 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background Injury or compression of a sensory nerve is an under-reported source of disabling pain in the lower limb. It is known that peripheral nerve microsurgeons can reconstruct and rewire injured nerves to relieve chronic pain but this option remains not completely understood and ignored by most orthopaedic surgeons, neurologists, and pain therapists. In this paper, we describe our experience with knee and ankle peripheral nerve surgery to improve the condition of patients suffering from chronic, posttraumatic lower limb pain.
Patients and Methods Between 2015 and 2018, a retrospective investigation was performed including patients who underwent ankle and knee nerve surgery for posttraumatic chronic pain with at least 1 year of follow-up. Previous surgeries or type of trauma, pain location and characteristics, type of operation (reconstruction, decompression, or denervation), and number of nerves operated were listed. Selective neuropathy was confirmed by ultrasound-guided nerve blocks. Outcome was assessed combining the visual analogue scale (VAS) score at rest and during movement, functional indexes, drug use, and ability to work.
Results A total of 34 patients (14 knee and 20 ankle) were included in this study. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05%) in postoperative pain at rest and during activity was seen in both groups of patients. Good to excellent outcomes were recorded in 92 and 80% of patients treated, respectively, at the knee and the ankle levels. No major complications occurred, while a secondary procedure due to neuroma recurrence was necessary in seven patients (three knees and four ankles).
Conclusion Peripheral nerve microsurgery is a useful and minimally invasive tool to be added in the algorithm of treatment of chronic knee and ankle pain. Physicians should be trained to suspect a neuropathic origin of pain in absence of musculoskeletal signs of pathology, especially following trauma or surgeries.
COVID-19 Impact on Undergraduate Education: Academicians’ Perspective
Authors: Essa Musthafa Mohamed , Subramanian Kabaly P. , Jayasuriya Hemanatha P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has brought upon extraordinary challenges on all possible societal fronts, be it public health, education, economy, law and order, among others. In this article, we discuss the impact of COVID-19 on education from an academician’s perspective. Other alternative measures are also discussed to have a smooth education.
Work and Rural Livelihoods: The Micro Dynamics of Africa’s ‘Youth Employment Crisis’
Authors: Carreras Marco , Sumberg James , Saha Amrita 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile it is widely accepted that Africa is experiencing a youth employment crisis, the nature of the crisis is disputed. In relation to rural youth, the crisis is variously framed in term so unemployment, underemployment, missing jobs, a lack of decent work, waithood and mixed or diverse livelihoods; with each framing pointing toward a different response. We look more closely at how young people engage with the labour market using a small, high-frequency dataset that includes activities of 233 individuals aged 18–24 years in rural areas of Ghana and Uganda. Specifically, we describe four dimensions of their work (its nature, frequency, steadiness and amount), analyse relationships between these dimensions, and link them with characteristics of the study participants. We conclude that in the early phases of livelihood building non-domestic work activities of young people are multi-faceted, context and seasonally specific, and highly gendered. This reflects, in part, different priorities given to education, domestic work, childbearing and social relations relative to economic activities. This study highlights the need for a better understanding of the various factors—including individual priorities—that come into play in the early phases of livelihood building, and their implications for when and how young people engage with non-domestic work.
Maasai on the phone: materiality, tourism, and the extraordinary in Zanzibar
Authors: Avieli Nir , Sermoneta Tsahala 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThousands of Maasai men have been flocking in recent years to the island of Zanzibar to take part in the burgeoning tourism industry. Many are employed as guards and security personnel. Others roam the beaches, selling souvenirs and touting tourist services, while some are involved in sex-tourism. In this article, we show how these men skillfully employ their traditional materiality: red robes, swords, daggers, clubs, beaded sandals and jewelry, as well as their own muscular bodies, so as to construct an extraordinary image, which they use to attract the attention of tourists and promote their businesses. Concomitantly, their use of modern material objects, such as mobile phones and stylish sunglasses, undermines their extraordinary image, making their presence mundane and even disturbing, to the extent of being accused by some Tanzanians and tourists of faking Maasai identity. We conclude by arguing that material objects and the ways in which they are used may define people as ordinaryandextraordinary at the same time. Materiality therefore underlies a complex, dynamic, and ambiguous perception of the extraordinary in contemporary tourism.
Remdesivir targets a structurally analogous region of the Ebola virus and SARS-CoV-2 polymerases
Authors: Lo Michael K. , Albariño César G. , Perry Jason K. , Chang Silvia , Tchesnokov Egor P. , Guerrero Lisa , Chakrabarti Ayan , Shrivastava-Ranjan Punya , Chatterjee Payel , McMullan Laura K. , Martin Ross , Jordan Robert , Götte Matthias , Montgomery Joel M. , Nichol Stuart T. , Flint Mike , Porter Danielle , Spiropoulou Christina F. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Remdesivir is a nucleotide analog prodrug that has been evaluated in humans against acute Ebola virus disease; it also recently received emergency use authorization for treating COVID-19. For antiviral product development, the Food and Drug Administration recommends the characterization of in vitro selected resistant viruses to define the specific antiviral mechanism of action. This study identified a single amino acid residue in the Ebola virus polymerase that conferred low-level resistance to remdesivir. The significance of our study lies not only in characterizing this particular mutation, but also in relating it to a resistance mutation observed in a similar structural motif of coronaviruses. Our findings thereby indicate a consistent mechanism of action by remdesivir across genetically divergent RNA viruses causing diseases of high consequence in humans.
An intrinsically disordered motif regulates the interaction between the p47 adaptor and the p97 AAA+ ATPase
Authors: Conicella Alexander E. , Huang Rui , Ripstein Zev A. , Nguyen Ai , Wang Eric , Löhr Thomas , Schuck Peter , Vendruscolo Michele , Rubinstein John L. , Kay Lewis E. 
Published: October 2020

Significance
Maintaining a functional cell requires the collaboration of a large number of biomolecules that regulate key biochemical processes. The p97 protein is essential in this effort, interacting with adaptor molecules that target it to different regions of the cell for specific functions. Here, we study the structural dynamics of a complex formed between p97 and the p47 adaptor that is critical for membrane assembly. Our data establish that the p47–p97 interaction is partly regulated by regions of p47 that are intrinsically disordered, interacting with p97 in a manner that depends on whether p97 is adenosine triphosphate- or adenosine diphosphate-loaded. Our combined biophysical measurements enable the calculation of structural models of p47–p97, highlighting important interactions within the complex.
Reading patterns and cognitive processing in an eye-tracking study of note-reading in consecutive interpreting
Authors: Chen Sijia , Kruger Jan-Louis , Doherty Stephen 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article reports on the eye-tracking data collected from 18 professional interpreters while they performed consecutive
interpreting with notes. It is a pioneering study in its visualisation of the way in which note-reading occurs. Preliminary evidence
suggests that note-reading proceeds in a nonlinear manner. The data collected in this study also report on indicators of cognitive
processing in consecutive interpreting, particularly during note-reading, which appears to be a cognitively demanding process. It differs
from reading for comprehension in various ways, while staying closer to reading in sight translation. In addition, the data show that the
note-taking choices made during Phase I of consecutive interpreting, in which interpreters listen to the source speech and write notes,
affect the level of cognitive load in Phase II, in which interpreters read back their notes and produce a target speech.
Translating the English academic article for a French readership in 1686
Authors: Banks David 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPrevious studies of translations from thePhilosophical Transactionsto theJournal des Sçavansin 1665 and 1675 showed that the translators adopted a strategy of selective translation. The present study looks at five examples published in 1686. Selective translation is again in evidence. Analyses of thematic structure and process types, however, show only slight differences, but with biases towards constant progression and material processes in the French versions. It is suggested that this can be explained by the translator adapting his texts to his readership. Whereas thePhilosophical Transactionswas restricted to questions of science and technology, theJournal des Sçavansdealt with all the academic disciplines of the time, and thus had a wider readership than its English counterpart.
Exclosure land management for restoration of herbaceous species in degraded communal grazing lands in Southern Tigray
Authors: Atsbha Tesfay , Wayu Solomon , Gebretsadkan Nguse , Giday Tsgehiwet , Gebremariam Tesfay 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Herbaceous species contribute to the largest proportion of the fodder. Despite the profound benefits obtained, anthropogenic disturbances are hindering its development. On the other hand, to ensure the sustainability of herbaceous species, communities and governments have been putting efforts in managing herbaceous species through the establishment of area exclosure (AE). Thus, the main importance of this research paper is to provide information about the role of AE on the restoration of herbaceous species. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of restoration on the herbaceous species following AE established on communal grazing land (CGL). A total of 124 and 73 quadrats of 1×1m
2
size were laid down at 50 m intervals along parallel transects at AE and CGL, respectively, and data were analyzed by t-test unequal variances using R-software. AE displayed higher plant species richness and diversity than the CGL and showed a significant difference (p<0.001). Similarly, the AE had significantly (p< 0.001) higher forage biomass than the CGL. In general, herbaceous species diversity index and species richness were significantly (p< 0.001) higher in the AE compared to the CGL. The study concluded that effective AE has the potential to enhance the restoration of herbaceous species and hence forage productivity.