bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whistler Mode Waves Excited by Anisotropic Hot Electrons With a Drift Velocity in Earth's Magnetosphere: Linear Theory
Authors: Fan Kai , Sun Jicheng , Guo Jun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWith a linear theoretical model, we have investigated the properties of whistler waves excited by anisotropic hot electrons with a drift velocity parallel to the background magnetic field, which is usually neglected in previous studies. It is found that a finite drift velocity can significantly change the properties of excited whistler waves, resulting in distinct properties for parallel and antiparallel propagating waves. In the high‐beta regime, as the drift velocity increases, the frequency of parallel propagating whistler waves increases, while that of antiparallel propagating waves is found to decline. So parallel and antiparallel propagating whistler waves appear in different frequency bands. However, the growth rate of parallel wave is always smaller than that of antiparallel wave and falls below 10−2Ωe for large drift velocities (vd/vth > 1.5), in which case the parallel wave may be too weak to be observed. Generally, the growth rate of whistler waves in both directions is enhanced with the increasing anisotropy or proportion of hot electrons. In the low‐beta regime, the trends of the frequency and linear growth rate of excited whistler waves are quite similar to those in the high‐beta regime. But with the increase of the drift velocity, the wave normal angle of parallel propagating whistler waves gradually declines until reaching 0, while that of antiparallel propagating waves continues to increase. Our study may be helpful to understand various whistler mode spectra observed in the Earth's magnetosphere.
The AKT-independent MET–V-ATPase–MTOR axis suppresses liver cancer vaccination
Authors: Huang Xing , Xu Xingyuan , Wang Xun , Tang Tianyu , Li Enliang , Zhang Xiaozhen , Xu Jian , Shen Hang , Guo Chengxiang , Xu Tao , Ren Jianhong , Bai Xueli , Liang Tingbo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite recent progress in hepatitis treatment, there have been no significant advances in the development of liver cancer vaccines in recent years. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effect and potential mechanism of hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET, also known as HGFR) on tumor vaccinations for liver cancer in mice. Herein, we demonstrate that MET expression is significantly associated with the immunogenicity of liver cancer in mice and humans, and that MET depletion dramatically enhances the protective efficacy of chemotherapy-based anti-liver cancer vaccination. Mechanistically, MET repressed liver cancer immunogenicity independent of the traditional PI3K–AKT cascade, and MET interacted with vacuolar ATP synthase (V-ATPase) and mediated the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR), thus suppressing liver cancer immunogenicity. The efficacy of chemotherapy-based liver cancer vaccination was markedly enhanced by targeting the MET–V-ATPase–MTOR axis, highlighting a translational strategy for identifying MET-associated drug candidates for cancer prevention.
Contrast-modulated stimuli produce more superimposition and predominate perception when competing with comparable luminance-modulated stimuli during interocular grouping
Authors: Skerswetat Jan , Formankiewicz Monika A . , Waugh Sarah J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractInterocular grouping (IOG) is a binocular visual function that can arise during multi-stable perception. IOG perception was initiated using split-grating stimuli constructed from luminance (L), luminance-modulated noise (LM) and contrast-modulated noise (CM). In Experiment 1, three different visibility levels were used for L and LM (or first-order) stimuli, and compared to fixed-visibility CM (or second-order) stimuli. Eight binocularly normal participants indicated whether they perceived full horizontal or vertical gratings, superimposition, or other (piecemeal and eye-of-origin) percepts. CM stimuli rarely generated full IOG, but predominantly generated superimposition. In Experiment 2, Levelt’s modified laws were tested for IOG in nine participants. Split-gratings presented to each eye contained different visibility LM gratings, or LM and CM gratings. The results for the LM-vs-LM conditions mostly followed the predictions of Levelt’s modified laws, whereas the results for the LM-vs-CM conditions did not. Counterintuitively, when high-visibility LM and low-visibility CM split-gratings were used, high-visibility LM components did not predominate IOG perception. Our findings suggest that higher proportions of superimposition during CM-vs-CM viewing are due to binocular combination, rather than mutual inhibition. It implies that IOG percepts are more likely to be mediated at an earlier monocular, rather than a binocular stage. Our previously proposed conceptual framework for conventional binocular rivalry, which includes asymmetric feedback, visual saliency, or a combination of both (Skerswetat et al. Sci Rep 8:14432, 2018), might also account for IOG. We speculate that opponency neurons might mediate coherent percepts when dissimilar information separately enters the eyes.
Falls and visual impairment among elderly residents in ‘homes for the aged’ in India
Authors: Marmamula Srinivas , Barrenkala Navya Rekha , Challa Rajesh , Kumbham Thirupathi Reddy , Modepalli Satya Brahmanandam , Yellapragada Ratnakar , Bhakki Madhuri , Friedman David S. , Khanna Rohit C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe evaluated the prevalence of falls and their association with visual impairment (VI) in elderly residents in ‘homes for the aged’ in Hyderabad, India. Participants aged ≥ 60 years were recruited from 41 homes, and a comprehensive eye examination was conducted. Interviews were conducted to collect personal and demographic information, systemic health status, fear of falling, depression, and history of falls in the last year. VI categories included low vision (presenting visual acuity worse than 6/18 to 3/60) and blindness (presenting visual acuity worse than 3/60). The data of 1,074 participants were analysed. The mean age was 74.4 years (standard deviation:8.7 years); 63.9% were women, 19.4% had no formal education, 28.1% were diabetic and 56.9% were hypertensive. The annual prevalence of falls was 29.1% (95% CI: 26.4–32.0). Multivariable analysis showed those with VI had significantly higher odds of falls (Odds Ratio:1.47; p = 0.043). The prevalence of falls was higher among those with VI due to uncorrected refractive errors. We found a very high prevalence of falls in elderly individuals living in ‘homes for the aged’ in Hyderabad, India. Addressing VI can result in fewer falls and contribute to healthy aging in India.
Ultrasound-assisted intralesional corticosteroid infiltrations for patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Salvador-Rodríguez Luis , Arias-Santiago Salvador , Molina-Leyva Alejandro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCorticosteroid infiltrations of lesions in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) appear to be beneficial to acute flares. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ultrasound-assisted intralesional corticosteroid infiltrations to HS lesions. Prospective cohort study between February 2017 and February 2019 on patients with mild to severe HS and one or more inflammatory lesions. The study intervention was ultrasound-assisted intralesional infiltration of triamcinolone acetonide 40 mg/ml. The main outcome was the complete response rate of infiltrated lesions versus non-infiltrated lesions. Two hundred and forty-seven infiltrated inflammatory lesions and 172 non-infiltrated lesions were included. At week 12, 81.1% (30/37) of nodules, 72.0% (108/150) of abscesses and 53.33% (32/60) of draining fistulas presented complete response versus 69.1% (47/68), 54.3% (38/70) and 35.3% (12/34) respectively for the non-infiltrated lesions. The Hurley stage negatively correlated with complete response for abscesses and draining fistulas at − 0.17 (SD 0.06) p < 0.01 and − 0.30 (SD 0.13) p < 0.02 respectively. Ultrasound-assisted corticosteroid infiltration is a useful technique for the treatment of inflammatory HS lesions, with high and sustained response rates, especially for abscesses and small to medium-size simple draining fistulas. The likelihood of response correlates negatively with the Hurley stage.
Cumulative impact of cover crops on soil carbon sequestration and profitability in a temperate humid climate
Authors: Chahal Inderjot , Vyn Richard J. , Mayers Danielle , Van Eerd Laura L. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough soil C sequestration with cover crops (CCs) has been linked with the potential of CCs in climate change mitigation, the long-term usage of CCs on soil C storage and farm-based economics have been widely overlooked. Therefore, in a CC experiment established in 2007 in a temperate humid climate, four CCs and a no-CC control were compared to evaluate their potential to sequester C and provide economic returns. Total amount of plant C added to soil with CCs translated into greater soil organic carbon (SOC) content by 10–20 Mg C ha−1 than the no-CC control across both sites. Greater crop yield and reduced yield variability with CCs suggest the long-term potential of CCs in increasing agroecosystem resiliency. Moreover, greater profit margins with CCs in processing vegetable crops but not grain and oilseed crops indicate CC effects on crop profitability are dependent on the production system. Our study results indicated that the loss in profit margins with CC usage in grain and oilseed crops might be overcome with C pricing (at $50 Mg−1) on quantity of C sequestered after 9 years of CCing; thus, providing financial compensation to growers may be a mechanism to encourage CC adoption.
Retinal and brain damage during multiple sclerosis course: inflammatory activity is a key factor in the first 5 years
Authors: Pulido-Valdeolivas Irene , Andorrà Magí , Gómez-Andrés David , Nakamura Kunio , Alba-Arbalat Salut , Lampert Erika J. , Zubizarreta Irati , Llufriu Sara , Martinez-Heras Eloy , Solana Elisabeth , Sola-Valls Nuria , Sepulveda María , Tercero-Uribe Ana , Blanco Yolanda , Camos-Carreras Anna , Sanchez-Dalmau Bernardo , Villoslada Pablo , Saiz Albert , Martinez-Lapiscina Elena H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractUnderstanding of the role of focal inflammation, a treatable feature, on neuro-axonal injury, is paramount to optimize neuroprotective strategy in MS. To quantify the impact of focal inflammatory activity on the rate of neuro-axonal injury over the MS course. We quantified the annualized rates of change in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell plus inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), whole-brain, gray matter and thalamic volumes in patients with and without focal inflammatory activity in 161 patients followed over 5 years. We used mixed models including focal inflammatory activity (the presence of at least one relapse or a new/enlarging T2-FLAIR or gadolinium- enhancing lesion), and its interaction with time adjusted by age, sex, use of disease-modifying therapies and steroids, and prior optic neuritis. The increased rate of neuro-axonal injury during the first five years after onset was more prominent among active patients, as reflected by the changes in GCIPL thickness (p = 0.02), whole brain (p = 0.002) and thalamic volumes (p < 0.001). Thereafter, rates of retinal and brain changes stabilized and were similar in active and stable patients. Focal inflammatory activity is associated with neurodegeneration early in MS which reinforces the use of an early intensive anti-inflammatory therapy to prevent neurodegeneration in MS.
Postnatal Development of the Mouse Larynx: Negative Allometry, Age-Dependent Shape Changes, Morphological Integration, and a Size-Dependent Spectral Feature
Authors: Riede Tobias , Coyne Megan , Tafoya Blake , Baab Karen L. 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
The larynx plays a role in swallowing, respiration, and voice production. All three functions change during ontogeny. We investigated ontogenetic shape changes using a mouse model to inform our understanding of how laryngeal form and function are integrated. We understand the characterization of developmental changes to larynx anatomy as a critical step toward using rodent models to study human vocal communication disorders.

Method

Contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography image stacks were used to generate three-dimensional reconstructions of the CD-1 mouse (
Mus musculus
) laryngeal cartilaginous framework. Then, we quantified size and shape in four age groups: pups, weanlings, young, and old adults using a combination of landmark and linear morphometrics. We analyzed postnatal patterns of growth and shape in the laryngeal skeleton, as well as morphological integration among four laryngeal cartilages using geometric morphometric methods. Acoustic analysis of vocal patterns was employed to investigate morphological and functional integration.

Results
Four cartilages scaled with negative allometry on body mass. Additionally, thyroid, arytenoid, and epiglottic cartilages, but not the cricoid cartilage, showed shape change associated with developmental age. A test for modularity between the four cartilages suggests greater independence of thyroid cartilage shape, hinting at the importance of embryological origin during postnatal development. Finally, mean fundamental frequency, but not fundamental frequency range, varied predictably with size.

Conclusion
In a mouse model, the four main laryngeal cartilages do not develop uniformly throughout the first 12 months of life. High-dimensional shape analysis effectively quantified variation in shape across development and in relation to size, as well as clarifying patterns of covariation in shape among cartilages and possibly the ventral pouch.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12735917
Influence of Sonographic Fetal Weight Estimation Inaccuracies in Macrosomia on Perinatal Outcome
Authors: Pretscher Jutta , Kehl Sven , Stelzl Patrick , Stumpfe Florian Matthias , Mayr Andreas , Schmid Matthias , Staerk Christian , Schild Ralf , Beckmann Matthias W. , Faschingbauer Florian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the influence of inaccurate sonographic fetal weight estimation in macrosomia on the mode of delivery and neonatal outcome (NO).
Methods In 14 633 pregnancies between 2002 and 2016, this retrospective study evaluated the association between sonographic fetal weight estimation, true birth weight (BW), mode of delivery (primary cesarean section [pCS], secondary cesarean section, vaginal delivery, and operative vaginal delivery rates) and NO parameters (5-min Apgar < 7, pH < 7.1, neonatal intensive care unit [NICU] admission, shoulder dystocia). Singleton pregnancies > 37 + 0 weeks with ultrasound-estimated fetal weight (EFW) within 7 days before delivery were included. The study population was divided into four groups: Group 1 (false-negative): EFW < 4000 g/BW ≥ 4000 g; Group 2 (true-positive): EFW ≥ 4000 g/BW ≥ 4000 g; Group 3 (false-positive): EFW ≥ 4000 g/BW < 4000 g; and Group 4 (true-negative): EFW < 4000 g/BW < 4000 g.
Results As expected, the highest secondary cesarean section (sCS) rate was found in Group 2 (true-positive) (30.62 %), compared with only 17.68 % in Group 4 (true-negative). The sCS rate in the false-positive Group 3 was significantly higher (28.48 %) in comparison with the false-negative Group 1 (21.22 %; OR 1.48; 95 % CI, 1.16 to 1.89; P = 0.002). In comparison with the true-negative Group 4, univariate analyses showed significantly higher rates for sCS in all other groups: odds ratio (OR) 2.06 for Group 2 (95 % CI, 1.74 to 2.42; P < 0.001), 1.85 for Group 3 (95 % CI, 1.54 to 2.22, P < 0.001), and 1.25 for Group 1 (95 % CI, 1.05 to 1.49; P < 0.01). No significant differences were found for NO between Groups 1 and 3 for the parameters 5-min Apgar < 7 (P = 0.75), pH < 7.1 (P = 0.28), or NICU admission (P = 0.54). However, there was a significantly higher chance for shoulder dystocia in Group 1 compared with Group 3 (OR 4.58; 95 % CI, 1.34 to 24.30; P = 0.008).
Conclusion Sonographic EFW inaccuracies in fetal macrosomia appear to have a greater impact on the mode of delivery than birth weight itself. Underestimation of fetal weight may be associated with a higher probability of shoulder dystocia.
Ich bin auch noch da – Schulung für Geschwister von
chronisch kranken oder behinderten Kindern
Authors: Ernst Gundula , Klein Luisa , Kowalewski Kerstin , Szczepanski Rüdiger 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Geschwister von chronisch kranken oder behinderten Kindern
sind durch ihre besondere Lebenssituation erhöhten Belastungen
ausgesetzt. Dies kann zu psychischen Auffälligkeiten führen.
Internationale Studien zeigen, dass gezielte Programme dieses Risiko
reduzieren können. In Deutschland fehlen bisher edukative
Kompaktangebote für Geschwister. Mit dem vorliegenden Workshop wurde
ein solches Angebot erprobt. In der eintägigen Gruppenschulung
werden mit den Kindern Strategien zur Belastungsreduktion erarbeitet sowie
Krankheitswissen vermittelt, um Ängste abzubauen. Die Eltern
erhalten eine parallele Schulung.
Methoden Insgesamt fanden 19 Workshops statt. Direkt vor und 6 Wochen
nach der Schulung wurden mit standardisierten Fragebögen
geschwisterliche Belastung, psychische Auffälligkeiten und
gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität der Geschwister sowie
familiäre Krankheitsbelastung erfasst. Veränderungen wurden
mit t-Tests für abhängige Stichproben
überprüft.
Ergebnisse 92 Kinder (durchschnittlich 9,6 Jahre; 54%
weiblich) und ihre Eltern nahmen an der Schulung teil. Aus Elternsicht
wiesen eingangs 32,5% der Kinder ein erhöhtes Risiko
für psychische Belastungen durch die Geschwistersituation auf. Nach
der Schulung waren es 25,3%. Ebenso reduzierten sich die psychischen
Auffälligkeiten der Kinder und die familiäre Belastung
signifikant. Die Lebensqualität der Kinder verbesserte sich in der
Selbsteinschätzung.
Diskussion Die Kompaktschulung scheint geeignet, die Belastungen der
gesamten Familie zu reduzieren. Der Workshop war bei unterschiedlichen
Krankheiten und Settings einsetzbar.
No Independent Association of Circulating Fetuin-A with Insulin
Sensitivity in Young Women
Authors: Reif Sabrina , Moschko Sarah , Gar Christina , Ferrari Uta , Hesse Nina , Sommer Nora N. , Seißler Jochen , Lechner Andreas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnimal data link high circulating fetuin-A to low insulin sensitivity and
observational studies identify the hepatokine as a marker of future incident
type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans. However, a recent, well-powered Mendelian
randomization study finds no causal role. We therefore tested in a
deeply-phenotyped human cohort if circulating fetuin-A correlates independently
with insulin sensitivity and how it relates to the metabolic syndrome and
ectopic fat deposition. We analyzed data from 290 young women with and without
recent gestational diabetes mellitus. We found that circulating fetuin-A
correlates inversely with insulin sensitivity in univariate analyses, but that
this correlation is lost after adjustment for markers of the metabolic syndrome
and of fatty liver. Additionally, we investigated which fat compartment
associates most strongly with circulating fetuin-A. In whole body MRI data from
a subcohort of 152 women, this was liver fat content. We conclude that high
circulating fetuin-A occurs as part of the metabolic syndrome in young women and
associates most strongly with liver fat content. Its close link to the metabolic
syndrome may also cause the inverse correlation of circulating fetuin-A with
insulin sensitivity as we found no independent association.
Lack of Smoking Effects on Pharmacokinetics of Oral Paliperidone-analysis of a Naturalistic Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Sample
Authors: Schoretsanitis Georgios , Haen Ekkehard , Conca Andreas , Piacentino Daria , Ridders Florian , Hiemke Christoph , Gründer Gerhard , Paulzen Michael 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroduction Major smoking effects have been reported for a series of psychotropic agents, mainly including substrates of CYP450 1A2, although smoking may also affect alternative metabolic pathways. To our knowledge, smoking effects on paliperidone pharmacokinetics have not been assessed yet.Methods We compared plasma concentrations of paliperidone as well as dose-corrected-plasma concentrations (C/D) from a naturalistic database between smokers and nonsmokers using nonparametrical tests, such as the Mann-Whitney U-test (MWU). Additionally, we compared light and heavy smokers with nonsmokers separately.Results Comparing 55 smokers with 37 nonsmokers treated with oral paliperidone, no differences in the percentage of females, age, body weight, body mass index, and daily paliperidone dose were reported (p=0.709 for χ2, p=0.26, p=0.38, p=0.67, and p=0.8 for MWU). No differences were detected in plasma concentrations or C/D values (p=0.50 and p=0.96 for MWU). Likewise, differences in daily dose, plasma concentrations, or C/D values were not significant between light smokers (n=17) and nonsmokers (p=0.61, p=0.81, and p=0.33 for MWU) or heavy smokers (n=22) and nonsmokers (p=0.874, p=0.38, and p=0.59; MWU in all cases).Discussion Paliperidone is not affected by smoking, and paliperidone dose-adjustments in smokers may not be necessary. This may be seen as an essential difference to risperidone, whose cytochrome-mediated metabolism might be affected by smoking.
Long-term placement of lumen-apposing metal stent after endoscopic ultrasound-guided duodeno- and jejunojejunal anastomosis for direct access to excluded jejunal limb
Authors: Donatelli Gianfranco , Cereatti Fabrizio , Spota Andrea , Danan David , Tuszynski Thierry , Dumont Jean-Loup , Derhy Serge 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Management of biliary disorders in patients with altered anatomy may be challenging. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided gastrointestinal anastomosis using a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) was introduced to allow endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) in such cases. However, the appropriate stent indwelling time remains uncertain. We report long-term LAMS deployment after duodenojejunal or jejunojejunal anastomosis (EUS-DJA) to allow endoscopic reinterventions in cases of recurrences.
Methods 11 consecutive patients underwent EUS-DJA with long-standing LAMS between January 2017 and December 2018. Over a 12-month period, ERC treatment was carried out with multiple endoscopic sessions across the DJA.
Results Technical success was 91 % (10/11) for EUS-DJA and 100 % for ERC. Four patients presented stricture recurrence at a mean of 489 days (standard deviation [SD] 31.7) after the end of ERC treatment. A novel ERC across the LAMS anastomosis was feasible in all cases. At a mean of 781 days (SD 253.1), all LAMS remained in place with no evidence of complications.
Conclusion Long-term LAMS placement after EUS-DJA may be feasible and safe for direct access to the excluded limb.