bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional diversity and trade‐offs in divergent antipredator morphologies in herbivorous insects
Authors: Shinohara Tadashi , Takami Yasuoki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPredator–prey interactions may be responsible for enormous morphological diversity in prey species. We performed predation experiments with morphological manipulations (ablation) to investigate the defensive function of dorsal spines and explanate margins in Cassidinae leaf beetles against three types of predators: assassin bugs (stinger), crab spiders (biter), and tree frogs (swallower). There was mixed support for the importance of primary defense mechanisms (i.e., preventing detection or identification). Intact spined prey possessing dorsal spines were more likely to be attacked by assassin bugs and tree frogs, while intact armored prey possessing explanate margins were likely to avoid attack by assassin bugs. In support of the secondary defense mechanisms (i.e., preventing subjugation), dorsal spines had a significant physical defensive function against tree frogs, and explanate margins protected against assassin bugs and crab spiders. Our results suggest a trade‐off between primary and secondary defenses. Dorsal spines improved the secondary defense but weakened the primary defense against tree frogs. We also detected a trade‐off in which dorsal spines and explanate margins improved secondary defenses against mutually exclusive predator types. Adaptation to different predatory regimes and functional trade‐offs may mediate the diversification of external morphological defenses in Cassidinae leaf beetles.
A drop in the ocean: Monitoring fish communities in spawning areas using environmental DNA
Authors: Ratcliffe Frances C. , Uren Webster Tamsyn M. , Garcia de Leaniz Carlos , Consuegra Sofia 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEarly life stages of aquatic organisms are particularly vulnerable to climatic stressors; however, they are difficult to monitor due to challenges in sampling and morphological identification. Environmental DNA (eDNA) from water samples represents an opportunity for rapid, nondestructive monitoring of aquatic community composition as well as single species monitoring. eDNA can also detect spawning events, although has not been yet tested in offshore spawning grounds. Here, we used metabarcoding of water samples to detect the presence of key fish taxa in spawning areas that are difficult to monitor using traditional means. We analyzed DNA from water samples and fish larvae samples at 14 offshore sites, using 12S mitochondrial metabarcoding and compared taxa detections, diversity, and community structure estimated by both sample types. Species richness and diversity did not differ between water and larvae samples. Both sample types detected a core of 12 taxa across the survey, with an average agreement in detections of 75% at sampling site level. Water samples detected two of the three most abundant taxa, the sandeel, Ammodytes marinus, and clupeids, Clupea harengus/Sprattus sprattus, at 31% and 38% more sites than larvae samples respectively, while Callionymus sp. was more prevalent in larvae samples. Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and blue whiting (Micromestius poutassou) were only detected in water samples despite sampling taking place at peak spawning times for these species. Our results demonstrate that eDNA metabarcoding provides a rapid and feasible monitoring method for the management of key taxa, such as sandeel, that cannot be easily monitored using traditional capture surveys.
Hypoxia‐induced alterations of transcriptome and chromatin accessibility in HL‐1 cells
Authors: Wang Jingru , Wang Yang , Duan Zhiying , Hu Weina 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCardiac hypoxia plays a significant role in various types of heart disease, and improper treatment of hypoxia often leads to myocardial cell damage or even death. Transcriptome profiling and open chromatin mapping have been used as powerful tools to understand the development of heart disease, but the interplay between gene expression and chromatin accessibility has not been extensively investigated in hypoxia‐induced cardiac damage. In this study, with HL‐1 cardiomyocytes as a model, we performed temporal profiling of transcriptome and chromatin accessibility to show the cardiac responses to hypoxia (for 4 and 8 hr) and reoxygenation (for 24 hr). With RNA‐seq and ATAC‐seq, we identified a total of 2,912 differentially expressed genes and 3,004 differential peaks across the whole genome and showed that these data were in good agreement with each other. For hypoxia‐related genes, we also discovered high correlations between their ATAC‐seq signals and mRNA levels, such as VEGF, Angpt1, Slc2a1, Bnip3, and Casp3 with Pearson correlations >0.7. Interestingly, after 24 hr reoxygenation, the expression levels of 235 genes were still significantly different from the counterparts in the control, suggesting that these genes need a longer recovery time after reoxygenation. In conclusion, our study shows the close relationship between alterations of transcriptome and chromatin accessibility after hypoxia exposure and reoxygenation, emphasizing the importance of open chromatin profiling in related studies. In addition, the profiled molecular responses here will be valuable resources for better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for hypoxia‐induced heart disease in future.
Gelatin improves peroxidase‐mediated alginate hydrogel characteristics as a potential injectable hydrogel for soft tissue engineering applications
Authors: Morshedloo Fatemeh , Khoshfetrat Ali Baradar , Kazemi Davoud , Ahmadian Mehri 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTo develop an efficient injectable alginate‐based hydrogel for soft tissue engineering applications, phenol moiety (Ph) was introduced into alginate (Alg‐Ph), and the influence of gelatin as cell adhesive molecule was evaluated on the peroxidase‐mediated alginate hydrogel properties and cultured chondrocytic cell behavior. Addition of gelatin (1.5% w/v) to Alg‐Ph (1.5% w/v) hydrogels (Alg‐Ph/gelatin) regulated characteristics of the enzymatically gellable alginate hydrogel with increasing gelation time to 5.1 min (76%). Swelling ratio and degradation rates of the Alg‐Ph/gelatin hydrogel also increased 60 and 100%, respectively, while the mechanical strength value was 35% less than the Alg‐Ph hydrogel. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the addition of gelatin could also increase uniformity of pore sizes inside the Alg‐Ph/gelatin hydrogels. The chondrocyte cells maintained their original phenotype and revealed statistically more metabolic activities in the Alg‐Ph/gelatin hydrogel. Hydrogels subscutaneously implanted in rats could also be identified readily without complete absorption and signs of toxicity or any untoward reactions after 1 month. Viable chondrocyte cells inside globular aggregates were seen as red colored areas in the cell‐laden hydrogels. The study demonstrates that enzymatically gellable alginate/gelatin hydrogel has fair potential as a natural‐based injectable hydrogel for soft tissue engineering applications.
The effector cells and cellular mediators of immune system involved in cardiac inflammation and fibrosis after myocardial infarction
Authors: Liu Yihai , Xu Jiamin , Wu Mingyue , Kang Lina , Xu Biao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe cardiac repair after myocardial infarction (MI) involves two phases, namely, inflammatory response and proliferative response. The former is an inflammatory reaction, evoked by different kinds of pro‐inflammatory leukocytes and molecules stimulated by myocardial necrosis, while the latter is a repair process, predominated by a magnitude of anti‐inflammatory cells and cytokines, as well as fibroblasts. Cardiac remodeling post‐MI is dependent on the balance of individualized intensity of the post‐MI inflammation and subsequent cardiac fibrosis. During the past 30 years, enormous studies have focused on investigating immune cells and mediators involved in cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, which are two interacting processes of post‐MI cardiac repair. These results contribute to revealing the mechanism of adverse cardiac remodeling after MI and alleviating the impairment of cardiac function. In this study, we will broadly discuss the role of immune cell subpopulation and the involved cytokines and chemokines during cardiac repair post‐MI, particular in cardiac inflammation and fibrosis.
Outcome measures reported in abstracts of randomized controlled trials in leading clinical journals: A bibliometric study
Authors: Seta Takeshi , Takahashi Yoshimitsu , Yamashita Yukitaka , Hiraoka Masahiro , Nakayama Takeo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundsThe CONSORT for Abstracts checklist published in 2008 recommends that authors report effect size for their studies. Meanwhile, the FDA strongly recommends reporting both ratio and difference measures. However, the measures of effect used in recent clinical trial reports remain unknown. This study is aimed to reveal trends regarding the measures of effect of interventions described in abstracts of recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in leading journals.MethodsA bibliometric analysis of data was obtained by electronic searches. Human RCTs published in 2016 in the following five journals were searched using PubMed: Annals of Internal Medicine, British Medical Journal, Journal of American Medical Association, The Lancet, and New England Journal of Medicine. Main outcome is numbers of studies reporting each measure in their abstracts.ResultsAmong abstracts of 334 articles, measures most frequently used were relative risk alone (n = 169), followed by absolute risk alone (n = 92), and raw data alone (n = 58). Reporting of the following measures was relatively limited: both ratio and difference measures (n = 8), raw data with ratio measures (n = 5), and raw data with difference measures (n = 2). None of the studies reported raw data with both ratio and difference measures. Only 15 articles described multiple measures of effect in their abstracts.ConclusionsMore than half of the RCT abstracts published in the five leading journals in 2016 reported risk ratio alone to indicate effect size. Even abstracts in the five leading journals did not adhere fully to the CONSORT for Abstracts or FDA recommendations.
Nonuniform variations of precipitation and temperature across China over the period 1960–2015
Authors: Zhao Dongsheng , Gao Xuan , Wu Shaohong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract“Warm season rainfall” is an important feature of China's climate, dominated by the East Asian Monsoon. In the context of climate change, this seasonal connection between precipitation and temperature may be altered. However, few studies have investigated the nonuniform variations in precipitation and temperature. This study examines nonuniform variations between precipitation and temperature in China, based on four indicators: precipitation concentration degree (PCD), precipitation concentration period (PCP), temperature concentration degree (TCD) and temperature concentration period (TCP). The results suggest that PCD and TCD experienced decreasing trends during the period from 1960 to 2015, respectively. Spatially, PCD and TCD exhibited asymmetrical change, with half of all stations in the humid subtropical region showing increasing trends in PCD and decreasing trends in TCD. Meanwhile, PCP and TCP exhibited decreasing trends, respectively. Increasing trends in PCP and decreasing trends in TCP, were found in 27% of all stations, mainly in the eastern humid subtropical region, whereas 20% showed decreasing trends in PCP and increasing trends in TCP, mostly across the southern humid subtropical, northern temperate humid/semi‐humid and temperate semi‐arid regions. In general, precipitation and temperature showed a nonuniform variation, indicating that annual feature of precipitation and temperature are changing.
Effects of Movement Improvisation and Aerobic Dancing on Motor Creativity and Divergent Thinking
Authors: Richard Veronique , Ben‐Zaken Sigal , Siekańska Małgorzata , Tenenbaum Gershon 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCreativity is considered to be an embodied concept, where internal psychological and external behavioral processes are intertwined. Creativity enhancement programs often target the cognitive side of this bi‐dimensionality leaving the impact of motor interventions underexplored. To address this gap in the literature, we tested the effectiveness of two motor programs on motor creativity and divergent thinking (verbal and figural). A total of 92 college students (Mage = 25.36, SD = 2.66) were randomly allocated to a movement improvisation, an aerobic dance, or a control condition. Participants in both motor programs took part in ten 30‐minute classes twice a week over a period of 5 weeks. The findings revealed a significant effect of the motor programs on motor fluency and flexibility. Movement improvisation yielded the greatest effects on those variables, followed by aerobic dancing and control condition. Movement improvisation also impacted significantly more figural originality than the control condition. However, the effects were limited to the motor domain and failed to transfer into other divergent thinking variables. The findings highlighted the contribution of movement programs to creative potential development, and the imperative role of a non‐judgmental environment, where individuals are free to move spontaneously.
Hinge location and apical drill holes in opening wedge high tibial osteotomy: A finite element analysis
Authors: Boström Anna , Amin Anish K. , Macpherson Gavin J. , Pankaj Pankaj , Scott Chloe E. H. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAt the time of medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) to realign the lower limb and offload medial compartment knee osteoarthritis, unwanted fractures can propagate from the osteotomy apex. The aim of this study was to use finite element (FE) analysis to determine the effect of hinge location and apical drill holes on cortical stresses and strains in HTO. A monoplanar medial opening wedge HTO was created above the tibial tuberosity in a composite tibia. Using the FE method, intact lateral hinges of different widths were considered (5, 7.5, and 10 mm). Additional apical drill holes (2, 4, and 6 mm diameters) were then incorporated into the 10 mm hinge model. The primary outcome measure was the maximum principal strain in the cortical bone surrounding the hinge axis. Secondary outcomes included the force required for osteotomy opening, minimum principal strain, and mean cortical bone stresses (maximum principal/minimum principal/von Mises). Larger intact hinges (10 mm) were associated with higher cortical bone maximum principal strain and stress, lower minimum principal strain/stress, and required greater force to open. Lateral cortex strain concentrations were present in all scenarios, but extended to the joint surface with the 10 mm hinge. Apical drill holes reduced the mean cortical bone maximum principal strain adjacent to the hinge axis: 2 mm hole 6% reduction; 4 mm 35% reduction; and 6 mm 55% reduction. Incorporating a 4‐mm apical drill hole centered 10 mm from the intact lateral cortex maintains a cortical bone hinge, minimizes cortical bone strains and reduces the force required to open the HTO; thus improving control.
Application of pH‐Responsive Viscoelastic Surfactant as Recyclable Fluid at High Temperature
Authors: Wu Xuepeng , Zhen Jianwu , Song Bitao , Gao Shuyang , Song Zhaohui , Jin Junbin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA pH‐responsive amphiphilic surfactant stearic amide 3‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)propylamide (SAA) was synthesized and served as a thickener in aqueous solution to construct a switchable viscoelastic surfactant fluid (VES fluid). The structure of SAA was studied by 1H NMR, and the viscoelastic behavior of VES fluid was studied in detail by rheological measurements. The viscosity of this VES fluid can be switched reversibly from low to high immediately by adjusting system pH value. Even at high shear rate (170 s−1) and high temperature (90 °C), excellent viscoelastic behavior of this VES fluid can be observed, which is a key performance for fracturing applications. Meanwhile, the recycled VES fluid can still maintain good pH‐responsive behavior even after more than three cycles. These unique performances of this VES fluid not only enhanced our understanding of the transformation of wormlike micelles at high temperature, but also enriched a large potential of VES fracturing fluid in the development of oil and gas reservoirs.
Inhibition of Human Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation by Low‐Intensity Ultrasound Stimulation
Authors: Katiyar Amit , Osborn Jenna , DasBanerjee Malaya , Zhang Lijie Grace , Sarkar Kausik , Sarker Krishna Pada 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesCancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation, which makes novel therapies highly desired. In this study, the effects of near‐field low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) stimulation on T47D human breast cancer cell and healthy immortalized MCF‐12A breast epithelial cell proliferation were investigated in monolayer cultures.MethodsA customized ultrasound (US) exposure setup was used for the variation of key US parameters: intensity, excitation duration, and duty cycle. Cell proliferation was quantified by 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine and alamarBlue assays after LIPUS excitation.ResultsAt a 20% duty cycle and 10‐minute excitation period, we varied LIPUS intensity from to 100 mW/cm2 (spatial‐average temporal‐average) to find a gradual decrease in T47D cell proliferation, the decrease being strongest at 100 mW/cm2. In contrast, healthy MCF‐12A breast cells showed an increase in proliferation when exposed to the same conditions. Above a 60% duty cycle, T47D cell proliferation decreased drastically. Effects of continuous wave US stimulation were further explored by varying the intensity and excitation period.ConclusionsThese experiments concluded that, irrespective of the waveform (pulsed or continuous), LIPUS stimulation could inhibit the proliferation of T47D breast cancer cells, whereas the same behavior was not observed in healthy cells. The study demonstrates the beneficial bioeffects of LIPUS on breast cancer cells and offers the possibility of developing novel US‐mediated cancer therapy.
Effect of magnetic field on sodium arsenate metastable zone width and crystal nucleation kinetics for crystallization
Authors: Guan Qian , Liu Yong , Ling Bo , Zeng Guisheng , Ji Haiyan , Zhang Jiefei , Zhang Qiang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSodium arsenate, the main component of arsenic‐containing solid waste pollutants, causes serious environmental health threats. Crystallization is one of the effective methods for separating and purifying sodium arsenate from arsenic‐alkali residue lixivium. However, the crystallization process is limited for its low observability and the lack of separation and purification data. In this work, a laser detection system with a magnetic field generator was designed, and the solubility, metastable zone width, interfacial tension, interfacial entropy factor, crystal nucleation, and growth rate of sodium arsenate were investigated in a constant composition environment. The results showed that the solubility, metastable zone width, interfacial tension, and interfacial entropy factor decreases with the presence of a magnetic field. The magnetic field shortened the crystallization induction time and changed the nucleation and growth rate of sodium arsenate. Under the magnetic field, the nucleation rate increased from 2.43 × 1016 to 8.98 × 1017 (s m3)−1, and the growth rate decreased from 4.94 × 10−8 to 2.73 × 10−8 (s m3)−1, the growth mechanism of sodium arsenate as a continuous growth mode was unchanged. In addition, the X‐ray diffraction and infrared showed that the crystal structure of sodium arsenate is unaffected by the magnetic field, indicating that the enhancement of the crystallization process of sodium arsenate with the magnetic field could be a feasible method in engineering application.
Resection of Mixed Hepatocellular‐Cholangiocarcinoma, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Holzner Matthew L. , Tabrizian Parissa , Parvin‐Nejad Fatemeh P. , Fei Kezhen , Gunasekaran Ganesh , Rocha Chiara , Facciuto Marcelo E. , Florman Sander , Schwartz Myron E. 
Published: April 2020

Mixed hepatocellular‐cholangiocarcinoma (HCC‐CC) is a biphenotypic liver cancer thought to have unfavorable tumor biology and a poor prognosis. Surgical outcomes of HCC‐CC remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of HCC‐CC. We analyzed a series of patients undergoing resection for HCC‐CC (n = 47), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; n = 468), and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC; n = 108) at a single Western center between 2001 and 2015. Patients with HCC‐CC were matched to patients with HCC and ICC on important clinical factors including tumor characteristics (size, vascular invasion, and differentiation) and underlying cirrhosis. Patients with HCC‐CC had rates of viral hepatitis comparable to patients with HCC (78.7% versus 80.0%), and 42.5% had underlying cirrhosis. When matched on tumor size, HCC‐CC was more poorly differentiated than HCC (68.3% versus 27.3%; P < 0.001) and ICC (68.3% versus 34.8%; P = 0.01) but had similar postresection survival (5‐year survival: HCC‐CC 49.7%, HCC 54.8%, ICC 68.7%; P = 0.61) and recurrence (3‐year recurrence: HCC‐CC 57.9%, HCC 61.5%, and ICC 56%; P = 0.58). Outcomes were similar between HCC‐CC and HCC when matched on underlying cirrhosis and tumor size. Cancer type was not predictive of survival or tumor recurrence. Survival after resection of HCC‐CC is similar to HCC when matched for tumor size, despite HCC‐CC tumors being more poorly differentiated. Exclusion of HCC‐CC from management strategies recommended for HCC, including consideration for liver transplantation, may not be warranted.
Assessment of microbiota present on a Portuguese historical stone convent using high‐throughput sequencing approaches
Authors: Rosado Tânia , Dias Luís , Lança Mónica , Nogueira Carla , Santos Rita , Martins Maria Rosário , Candeias António , Mirão José , Caldeira Ana Teresa 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe study performed on the stone materials from the Convent of Christ revealed the presence of a complex microbial ecosystem, emphasizing the determinant role of microorganisms on the biodecay of this built cultural heritage. In this case study, the presence of Rubrobacter sp., Arthrobacter sp., Roseomonas sp., and Marinobacter sp. seems to be responsible for colored stains and biofilm formation while Ulocladium sp., Cladosporium sp., and Dirina sp. may be related to structural damages. The implementation of high‐throughput sequencing approaches on the Convent of Christ's biodecay assessment allowed us to explore, compare, and characterize the microbial communities, overcoming the limitations of culture‐dependent techniques, which only identify the cultivable population. The application of these different tools and insights gave us a panoramic view of the microbiota thriving on the Convent of Christ and signalize the main biodeteriogenic agents acting on the biodecay of stone materials. This finding highlighted the importance of performing metagenomic studies due to the improvements and the reduced amount of sample DNA needed, promoting a deeper and more detailed knowledge of the microbiota present on these dynamic repositories that support microbial life. This will further enable us to perform prospective studies in quarry and applied stone context, monitoring biogenic and nonbiogenic agents, and also to define long‐term mitigation strategies to prevent biodegradation/biodeterioration processes.