bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research Progress of the Antiviral Bioactivities of Natural Flavonoids
Authors: Wang Lin , Song Junke , Liu Ailin , Xiao Bin , Li Sha , Wen Zhang , Lu Yang , Du Guanhua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFlavonoids are now considered as an indispensable component in a variety of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. Most recent researches have focused on the health aspects of flavonoids for humans. Especially, different flavonoids have been investigated for their potential antiviral activities, and several natural flavonoids exhibited significant antiviral properties both in vitro and in vivo. This review provides a survey of the literature regarding the evidence for antiviral bioactivities of natural flavonoids, highlights the cellular and molecular mechanisms of natural flavonoids on viruses, and presents the details of most reported flavonoids. Meanwhile, future perspectives on therapeutic applications of flavonoids against viral infections were discussed.
Microstructural and mechanical properties of dissimilar nitinol and stainless steel wire joints produced by micro electron beam welding without filler material
Authors: Hellberg Sebastian , Hummel Joana , Krooß Philipp , Niendorf Thomas , Böhm Stefan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNitinol is a shape memory and superelastic alloy, respectively, and stainless steels are widely used materials in medical engineering, e.g., for implants and medical instruments. However, due to its high price and poor machinability, there is a high demand for dissimilar welding of nitinol components to stainless steel. During welding of titanium-containing alloys, like nitinol, to ferrous metals like stainless steel, intermetallic phases between titanium and iron may form. These phases are brittle and lead to rapid crack formation and/or inferior mechanical properties of the joint. In this study, superelastic nitinol wires are butt-welded with stainless steel wires by means of micro electron beam welding, providing good quality weld seams. Due to a very accurate beam alignment and fast beam deflection, the composition and the level of dilution in the weld metal can be precisely controlled, resulting in a significant reduction of fraction of intermetallic phases. The experiments show that it is possible to produce sound welds without the presence of any cracks on the surface as well as in the cross sections.
Probabilistic Schubert Calculus: Asymptotics
Authors: Lerario Antonio , Mathis Léo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the recent paper Bürgisser and Lerario (Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelles J), 2016) introduced a geometric framework for a probabilistic study of real Schubert Problems. They denoted by $$\delta _{k,n}$$

δ

k
,
n

the average number of projective k-planes in $${\mathbb {R}}\mathrm {P}^n$$

R

P

n

that intersect $$(k+1)(n-k)$$

(
k
+
1
)
(
n
-
k
)

many random, independent and uniformly distributed linear projective subspaces of dimension $$n-k-1$$

n
-
k
-
1

. They called $$\delta _{k,n}$$

δ

k
,
n

the expected degree of the real Grassmannian $${\mathbb {G}}(k,n)$$

G
(
k
,
n
)

and, in the case $$k=1$$

k
=
1

, they proved that: $$\begin{aligned} \delta _{1,n}= \frac{8}{3\pi ^{5/2}} \cdot \left( \frac{\pi ^2}{4}\right) ^n \cdot n^{-1/2} \left( 1+{\mathcal {O}}\left( n^{-1}\right) \right) . \end{aligned}$$

δ

1
,
n

=

8

3

π

5
/
2

·

π
2

4

n

·

n

-
1
/
2

1
+
O

n

-
1

.

Here we generalize this result and prove that for every fixed integer $$k>0$$

k
>
0

and as $$n\rightarrow \infty $$

n
→
∞

, we have $$\begin{aligned} \delta _{k,n}=a_k \cdot \left( b_k\right) ^n\cdot n^{-\frac{k(k+1)}{4}}\left( 1+{\mathcal {O}}(n^{-1})\right) \end{aligned}$$

δ

k
,
n

=

a
k

·

b
k

n

·

n

-

k
(
k
+
1
)

4

1
+
O
(

n

-
1

)

where $$a_k$$

a
k

and $$b_k$$

b
k

are some (explicit) constants, and $$a_k$$

a
k

involves an interesting integral over the space of polynomials that have all real roots. For instance: $$\begin{aligned} \delta _{2,n}= \frac{9\sqrt{3}}{2048\sqrt{2\pi }} \cdot 8^n \cdot n^{-3/2} \left( 1+{\mathcal {O}}\left( n^{-1}\right) \right) . \end{aligned}$$

δ

2
,
n

=

9

3

2048

2
π

·

8
n

·

n

-
3
/
2

1
+
O

n

-
1

.

Moreover we prove that these numbers belong to the ring of periods intoduced by Kontsevich and Zagier and give an explicit formula for $$\delta _{1,n}$$

δ

1
,
n

involving a one-dimensional integral of certain combination of Elliptic functions.
Variation in xylem characteristics of botanical races of Persea americana and their potential influence on susceptibility to the pathogen Raffaelea lauricola
Authors: Beier G. L. , Lund C. D. , Held B. W. , Ploetz R. C. , Konkol J. L. , Blanchette R. A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAvocado (Persea americana), an important fruit crop, is under threat from an invasive disease, laurel wilt. The pathogen,Raffaelea lauricola, spreads rapidly in the xylem of infected trees and causes a lethal vascular wilt. A previous study showed that variation in susceptibility to the disease exists among different races of avocado, with the West Indian race being most susceptible. To help elucidate potential explanations for differences in susceptibility, xylem characteristics were examined for fourteen avocado cultivars from the Guatemalan, Mexican, and West Indian botanical races. Samples of each cultivar were assessed for vessel size, vessel density, vessel aggregation, and xylem-specific potential hydraulic conductivity. The West Indian race had significantly greater mean vessel diameters, mean maximum vessel diameters, and xylem-specific potential hydraulic conductivities than the Guatemalan and Mexican races (p < 0.05), which in turn did not differ for any of these variables (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences among the races for vessel aggregation or vessel density. Cultivars of the Mexican and Guatemalan races generally had smaller mean vessel diameters, mean maximum vessel diameters, and mean xylem-specific potential hydraulic conductivities than the West Indian race; however, there was considerable variation among cultivars of the Mexican race. Statistically significant differences in vessel grouping indices and vessel solitary fractions were evident among some cultivars but to lesser extents than were found for vessel size. This study indicates that larger vessel diameters and greater potential hydraulic conductivities exist in the West Indian, compared with the Guatemalan and Mexican races. We suggest that these attributes may be contributing factors in the greater susceptibility to laurel wilt that is evident in the West Indian race.
“CATHOLICOVID-19” or QUO VADIS CATHOLICA ECCLESIA: the Pandemic Seen in the Catholic Institutional Field
Authors: da Silveira Emerson Sena 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to understand, in a panoramic way, the ideas that some organized groups of Catholicism have expressed about the pandemic of the new coronavirus. We shall take as material for analysis, the web official pages of the following segments: Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil (CNBB) [National Conference of Bishops of Brazil], Heralds of the Gospel and Catholic Charismatic Renewal (CCR), especially from the moment when the first case of the disease caused by the Sars-Cov-2 virus and the health-social-economic emergency were checked. Catholic beliefs about Covid-19 and related themes (restrictive measures, social inequalities) show an intense and internal conflict of values or worldviews and lead to inquiring about the incidences of Catholicism in the public sphere. The qualitative-exploratory hypothesis demonstrates that the advancement of the new coronavirus has accentuated tension lines existing in the Catholic Church and indicates that there is an ongoing dispute between the various official segments about the correct intonation of the Catholic voice in Brazilian society. To raise responses to the proposed problem, the paper is based on a qualitative method, namely, partial review of the bibliographic productions of the religious studies and analytical mapping of the main official positions (editorials, speeches, notes, texts) proposed by the three Catholic segments aforementioned.
Fractures’ associated mortality risk in orthogeriatric inpatients: a prospective 2-year survey
Authors: Wiedl Andreas , Förch Stefan , Fenwick Annabel , Mayr Edgar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The most common osteoporotic fragility fractures are hip, vertebral and upper extremity fractures. An association with increased mortality is widely described with their occurrence. Fracture-specific associated death rates were determined in a 2-year follow-up for patients treated on an orthogeriatric ward. These were compared amongst each other, examined for changes with age and their impact on the relative mortality risk in relation to the corresponding population.

Methods
We assessed all patients that were treated in the course of a year on an orthogeriatric ward and suffered from the following injuries: hip (HF), vertebral (VF) and upper extremity fractures (UEF). In a 2-year follow-up it was possible to determine the month of death in the case of the patient’s decease. Pairwise comparisons of the three fracture type death rates were performed through Cox-Regression. We stratified the fracture-dependent absolute mortality and age-specific mortality risk (ASMR) for age groups 71–80, 81–90 and 91–95.

Results
Overall, we assessed 240 patients with HF, 96 with VF and 127 with UEF over the span of a year. 1- and 2-year-mortality was: HF: 29.6% a.e. 42.9%, VF: 29.2% a.e. 36.5%, UEF: 20.5% a.e 34.6%. Pairwise comparisons of these mortality values revealed no significant differences. In association with HF and VF, we observed a significant increase of 2-year mortality for the oldest compared to the youngest patients (HF: 60.4% vs. 22.5%; p = 0.028) (VF 70% vs. 14.3%; p = 0.033). The analogue comparison for UEF revealed no relevant difference in age-dependent mortality (40.9% vs. 31.1%; p = 0.784). Common for all fracture types ASMR’s were more elevated in the younger patients and decreased with higher age.

Conclusion
The fracture-related mortality in the 2-year follow-up was comparable. We observed a reduction of relative mortality risk in the oldest patients. While a direct influence of fracture on mortality must be supposed, we support the thesis of the fracture rather being an indicator of higher susceptibility of timely death.
Vertical and temporal distribution of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae in determinate and indeterminate soybean
Authors: Reisig Dominic D. , Cook Don , Greene Jeremy K. , Caprio Michael , Gore Jeff , Musser Fred , Reay-Jones Francis 
Published: September 2020

AbstractMost oviposition by Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) occurs near the top of the canopy in soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr, and larval abundance is influenced by the growth habit of plants. However, the vertical distribution of larvae within the canopy is not as well known. We evaluated the vertical distribution of H. zea larvae in determinate and indeterminate varieties, hypothesizing that larval distribution in the canopy would vary between these two growth habits and over time. We tested this hypothesis in a naturally infested replicated field experiment and two experimentally manipulated cage experiments. In the field experiment, flowering time was synchronized between the varieties by manipulating planting date, while infestation timing was manipulated in the cage experiments. Larvae were recovered using destructive sampling of individual soybean plants, and their vertical distribution by instar was recorded from three sampling points over time in each experiment. While larval population growth and development varied between the determinate and indeterminate varieties within and among experiments, we found little evidence that larvae have preference for different vertical locations in the canopy. This study lends support to the hypothesis that larval movement and location within soybean canopies do not result entirely from oviposition location and nutritional requirements.
Re-establishing legitimacy after stigmatization: Greenpeace in the North American North
Authors: Burke Danita Catherine 
Published: September 2020

AbstractInternational environmental non-governmental organizations (IENGOs) have a long and checkered history of involvement and impact in, and on, the North. Using the example of Greenpeace, arguably one of the most stigmatized IENGOs in the North American North, this paper explores the questions: why are IENGOs stigmatized in the North American North and how might they overcome their stigma with local audiences? It outlines the role of moral legitimacy in stigmatization and overcoming stigma, and the challenges of (re)establishing moral legitimacy with a stigmatizing audience, in this case, Inuit in Northern Canada and Greenland.
Safety considerations during return to work in the context of stable COVID-19 epidemic control: an analysis of health screening results of all returned staff from a hospital
Authors: Duan Ping , Deng Zhi-Qing , Pan Zhen-Yu , Wang Yan-Ping 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In March 2020, China had periodically controlled the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) epidemic. We reported the results of health screening for COVID-19 among returned staff of a hospital and conducted a summary analysis to provide valuable experience for curbing the COVID-19 epidemic and rebound. In total, 4729 returned staff from Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China were examined for COVID-19, and the basic information, radiology and laboratory test results were obtained and systematically analysed. Among the 4729 employees, medical staff (62.93%) and rear-service personnel (30.73%) were the majority. The results of the first physical examination showed that 4557 (96.36%) were normal, 172 (3.64%) had abnormal radiological or laboratory test results. After reexamination and evaluation, four were at high risk (asymptomatic infections) and were scheduled to transfer to a designated hospital, and three were at low risk (infectivity could not be determined) and were scheduled for home isolation observation. Close contacts were tracked and managed by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in China. Asymptomatic infections are a major risk factor for returning to work. Extensive health screening combined with multiple detection methods helps to identify asymptomatic infections early, which is an important guarantee in the process of returning to work.
Isolated systemic arterial supply to normal lung – an unusual cause of extracardiac left-to-right shunt
Authors: Arvind Balaji , Gupta Saurabh Kumar , Kothari Shyam Sunder 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIsolated systemic arterial supply to a normal lung, a type of bronchopulmonary vascular malformation, is a rare cause of extracardiac left-to-right shunt. We describe such a case that was successfully managed by transcatheter closure of the anomalous arterial supply to otherwise normal lung.
Situating the accountability of the UN Security Council: Between liberal-legal and political ‘styles’ of global constitutionalism?
Authors: MURPHY BEN L. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract‘Accountability’ is the international legal term du jour. The concept is omnipresent in contemporary discussions about the UN Security Council in particular. From the lack of due process guarantees for individuals implicated in its counter-terrorism sanctions regime, to the (in)compatibility of Council authorized uses of force with international human rights and humanitarian law, no aspect of the Council’s recent practice has been immune from an accountability critique. Driven by the context in which it has emerged, the turn to accountability is seemingly prompted by a felt desire among international lawyers to constrain the arbitrary use of the Council’s considerable powers. However, beyond this felt desire, the concept lacks a robust theoretical foregrounding, both on its own terms and in relation to existential developments in international law. In an attempt to remedy this, this article situates the turn to accountability as a product of the broader turn to ‘constitutionalist’ thinking in international law. Specifically, it suggests that mainstream approaches resonate with a particular ‘liberal-legalist style’ of global constitutionalism. From both an etymological and epistemological perspective, however, I argue that this prevailing style offers an incomplete sense of accountability. The article introduces the dichotomy of ‘liberal-legal’ and more overtly ‘political’ styles of global constitutionalism as a heuristic device in order to offer a broader conception of accountability in the Security Council context. Political constitutionalism, I believe, offers important insights that will allow us to perceive and critique the Security Council in new ways.
Statistical Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distributions and Parameters in Central China During the Meiyu Seasons
Authors: Fu Zhikang , Dong Xiquan , Zhou Lingli , Cui Wenjun , Wang Jingyu , Wan Rong , Leng Liang , Xi Baike 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe rain parameters derived from the laser OTT second‐generation Particle Size Velocity (Parsivel2), the two‐dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD), and DZZ5 tipping‐bucket rain gauge (RG) during the Integrative Monsoon Frontal Rainfall Experiment (IMFRE) in summer 2018 are compared. The total rainfall amounts observed by Parsivel, 2DVD, and RG during IMFRE were 178.07, 176.76, and 182.5 mm, while their total rainy hours were 113, 113, and 90. The mean Dm (mass‐weighted mean diameter) and LWC (liquid water content) values derived from Parsivel and 2DVD were 1.03 and 1.01 mm and 0.247 and 0.223 g m−3. The rainy samples from six Parsivel sites over the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2016–2018 Meiyu seasons have been collected and analyzed. The occurrence frequencies for rain rates (RR) < 5 and >10 mm hr−1 were 83.9% and 7.4%, respectively, but they contributed 30.5% and 52.1% of the total accumulated rainfall. Compared with the results over the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the total accumulated rainfall percentages for RR < 5 mm hr−1 and RR > 10 mm hr−1 observed at XN site were higher and lower, respectively. The stratiform rain (SR) raindrop size increases with RR over both the middle and lower reaches, whereas the Nw values over the middle reaches are much higher. Opposite to the SR results, the convective rain (CR) raindrops from this study are larger, while their Nw values are similar to one another. For gamma‐type‐size distribution, the μ − λ and Z − R relations are strongly dependent on geographical location.
The Impact of Seasonal and Annual Climate Variations on the Carbon Uptake Capacity of a Deciduous Forest Within the Great Lakes Region of Canada
Authors: Beamesderfer Eric R. , Arain M. Altaf , Khomik Myroslava , Brodeur Jason J. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn eastern North America, many deciduous forest ecosystems grow at the northernmost extent of their geographical ranges, where climate change could aid or impede their growth. This region experiences frequent extreme weather conditions, allowing us to study the response of these forests to environmental conditions, reflective of future climates. Here we determined the impact of seasonal and annual climate variations and extreme weather events on the carbon (C) uptake capacity of an oak‐dominated forest in southern Ontario, Canada, from 2012 to 2016. We found that changes in meteorology during late May to mid‐July were key in determining the C sink strength of the forest, impacting the seasonal and annual variability of net ecosystem productivity (NEP). Overall, higher temperatures and dry conditions reduced ecosystem respiration (RE) much more than gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), leading to higher NEP. Variability in NEP was primarily driven by changes in RE, rather than GEP. The mean annual GEP, RE, and NEP values at our site during the study were 1,343 ± 85, 1,171 ± 139, and 206 ± 92 g C m−2 yr−1, respectively. The forest was a C sink even in years that experienced heat and water stresses. Mean annual NEP at our site was within the range of NEP (69–459 g C m−2 yr−1) observed in similar North American forests from 2012 to 2016. The growth and C sequestration capabilities of our oak‐dominated forest were not adversely impacted by changes in environmental conditions and extreme weather events experienced over the study period.
Observed Internal Tides and Near‐Inertial Waves in the Northern South China Sea: Intensified f‐Band Energy Induced by Parametric Subharmonic Instability
Authors: Shen Junqiang , Fang Wendong , Zhang Shanwu , Qiu Yun , Zhang Junpeng , Xie Xiaohui 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe variations in the internal tide (IT) and near‐inertial waves (NIWs) that occurred in the summer of 2006 over the continental shelf of the northern South China Sea were observed using three bottom‐mounted moorings equipped with acoustic Doppler current profilers. Due to the strong nonlinear interaction, large portions (~40–60%) of the semidiurnal IT energy at the continental shelf were found to be incoherent; this proportion gradually increased from the shelf break to the offshore region. More importantly, our observations showed that parametric subharmonic instability (PSI) can enhance the f‐band energy in the shallow water (~100 m) on the continental shelf. Using plane‐wave fitting and the bicoherence spectrum, we confirmed that the intensified NIWs and the observed D2‐f waves are nonlinear coupled waves derived from the semidiurnal internal tidal PSI. These two subharmonic waves were observed in the near field of a strong semidiurnal IT generation site at the shelf break. By tracking the M2‐ray path, we verified that the PSI occurred in the pycnocline in the path of the reflected wave beam that was characterized by strong nonlinear instabilities and it could be modulated by mesoscale eddies in this shallow shelf water.
Anticyclonic Eddies Enhance the Winter Barrier Layer and Surface Cooling in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: He Qingyou , Zhan Haigang , Cai Shuqun 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOceanic barrier layer impedes the vertical exchanges of heat and biogeochemical substances between the mixed layer and deep ocean, playing essential roles in modulating air‐sea heat flux and oceanic biogeochemical cycles. Recent studies revealed that mesoscale eddies can modify the vertical motions of the mixed layer. But their influence on the barrier layer has not been determined. By analyzing more than a decade of in situ, satellite, and reanalysis data, this study investigated the influence of eddies on barrier layer in the Bay of Bengal. The results show that the barrier layer in anticyclonic eddies is significantly thickened in winter (by 50% on average). This thickening consists of the deepening of isothermal layer by eddy downwelling and the shoaling of mixed layer by near‐surface salinity restratification. The thickening of the barrier layer enlarges with latitude, in consistent with the reinforcement in salinity stratification and surface cooling. The thickened barrier layer impedes the upward supply of heat into the mixed layer from the below, promoting the winter surface cooling (by 0.7°C on average) and subsurface temperature inversion (by 0.6°C on average). The feature is contrary to the intuitive expectation that anticyclonic eddies possess high sea surface temperature in eddy interiors. As a consequence, both cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies result in negative sea surface temperature anomalies, indicative of a net decrease in the local sea surface temperature. These effects of eddies may be a common feature in salinity‐stratified oceans in winter and have potential implications for the local biogeochemistry and air‐sea coupled models.