bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional Genetic Control of Phenotypic Heterogeneity and Its Implication for Cancer Drug Resistance
Authors: Mo Ning , Zhang Xiaoyu , Shi Wenjun , Yu Gongwang , Chen Xiaoshu , Yang Jian-Rong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNegative genetic regulators of phenotypic heterogeneity, or phenotypic capacitors/stabilizers, elevate population average fitness by limiting deviation from the optimal phenotype and increase the efficacy of natural selection by enhancing the phenotypic differences among genotypes. Stabilizers can presumably be switched off to release phenotypic heterogeneity in the face of extreme or fluctuating environments to ensure population survival. This task could, however, also be achieved by positive genetic regulators of phenotypic heterogeneity, or “phenotypic diversifiers,” as shown by recently reported evidence that a bacterial divisome factor enhances antibiotic resistance. We hypothesized that such active creation of phenotypic heterogeneity by diversifiers, which is functionally independent of stabilizers, is more common than previously recognized. Using morphological phenotypic data from 4,718 single-gene knockout strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we systematically identified 324 stabilizers and 160 diversifiers and constructed a bipartite network between these genes and the morphological traits they control. Further analyses showed that, compared with stabilizers, diversifiers tended to be weaker and more promiscuous (regulating more traits) regulators targeting traits unrelated to fitness. Moreover, there is a general division of labor between stabilizers and diversifiers. Finally, by incorporating NCI-60 human cancer cell line anticancer drug screening data, we found that human one-to-one orthologs of yeast diversifiers/stabilizers likely regulate the anticancer drug resistance of human cancer cell lines, suggesting that these orthologs are potential targets for auxiliary treatments. Our study therefore highlights stabilizers and diversifiers as the genetic regulators for the bidirectional control of phenotypic heterogeneity as well as their distinct evolutionary roles and functional independence.
Why Standing to Blame May Be Lost but Authority to Hold Accountable Retained: Criminal Law as a Regulative Public Institution
Authors: Lacey Nicola , Pickard Hanna 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMoral and legal philosophy are too entangled: moral philosophy is prone to model interpersonal moral relationships on a juridical image, and legal philosophy often proceeds as if the criminal law is an institutional reflection of juridically imagined interpersonal moral relationships. This article challenges this alignment and in so doing argues that the function of the criminal law lies not fundamentally in moral blame, but in regulation of harmful conduct. The upshot is that, in contrast to interpersonal relationships, the criminal law cannot lose its standing to blame through institutional analogues of hypocrisy, complicity, and meddling. Rather, certain forms of structural and severe historical and contemporary injustice point to the question of the overall legitimacy of state authority.
Effects of Cryotherapy Applied at Different Temperatures on Inflammatory Pain During the Acute Phase of Arthritis in Rats
Authors: Sasaki Ryo , Sakamoto Junya , Kondo Yasutaka , Oga Satoshi , Takeshita Idumi , Honda Yuichiro , Kataoka Hideki , Origuchi Tomoki , Okita Minoru 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
The biological mechanisms of cryotherapy for managing acute pain remain unclear. Additionally, it is unknown whether the effectiveness of cryotherapy depends on the applied temperature. This study aimed to clarify the biological effects of cryotherapy and to examine the therapeutic effects of cryotherapy applied at different temperatures in rats.

Methods
This was an experimental study using a rat knee joint arthritis model. Thirty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into arthritis (AR), arthritis with 5°C cryotherapy (CR-5), arthritis with 10°C cryotherapy (CR-10), and sham-arthritis control (CON) groups. Arthritis was induced by injecting a mixture of kaolin/carrageenan into the right knee joint. Cryotherapy was applied for 7 days starting the day after injection by immersing the right knee joint in 5°C or 10°C water. Joint transverse diameter, pressure pain threshold, and pain-related behaviors were assessed for 7 days. The number of CD68-positive cells in the knee joint and the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the spinal dorsal horn 8 days after injection were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining.

Results
Improvements in transverse diameter, pressure pain threshold, and pain-related behaviors were observed in the CR-5 and CR-10 groups on the 3rd day compared with the AR group. The number of CD68-positive cells and the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the CR-5 and CR-10 groups were significantly decreased compared with the AR group. There were no significant differences in all results between the CR-5 and CR-10 groups.

Conclusions
Cryotherapy can ameliorate inflammatory pain through reduction of synovium and central sensitization. Additionally, the effects of cryotherapy lower than 10°C are observed independent of applied temperature.

Impact
Cryotherapy may be beneficial as a physical therapy modality for pain and swelling management in the acute phase of inflammation. Translational human study is needed to determine the effective cryotherapy temperature for the inflammatory pain.
Utilization of Safe Fall Landing Strategies in Physical Therapist Management of Geriatric Populations: A Case Report
Authors: Kinney S G , Kiesel J D 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objective
Safe fall landing strategies (SFLS) have shown promise to decrease injury during falls but have been examined primarily in young, healthy populations. There is emerging evidence to suggest SFLS can be safe and effective for a geriatric population; however, this intervention has not been examined in a clinical physical therapist practice setting. This case study seeks to determine how SFLS can be incorporated into a physical therapy program with a geriatric population.

Methods (Case Description)
A 77-year-old woman reported imbalance and inability to return to her previous active lifestyle. Multiple SFLS were implemented during the course of physical therapist management. Controlled fall heights were gradually progressed over the course of therapy.

Results
Gains in Patient Specific Functional Scale score (initial score = 2.5, discharge score = 8), static balance, and ability to perform floor-to-waist lifting were seen following physical therapist intervention that included SFLS. The patient was able to perform a back fall and a front fall from a standing position and reported no adverse side effects throughout the course of physical therapist care.

Conclusion
This case report demonstrates how SFLS were safely and pragmatically progressed for 1 patient in a clinical physical therapy setting. SFLS may have the potential to improve patient outcomes and even decrease the risks associated with falls, though further evaluation is needed.

Impact
This case report introduces SFLS as an emerging intervention in the clinical physical therapist practice setting. This case report should encourage future research needed to assess the effectiveness and safety of this treatment strategy in physical therapy.
The Factors That Influenced Medical Students’ Decision to Work Within the NHS During the COVID-19 Pandemic—A National, Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Georgiou Ioannis , Hounat Adam , Park Jay J. , Gillespie Conor , Bandyopadhyay Soham , Saunders Kate E.A. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose:
Medical students across the United Kingdom helped the National Health Service (NHS) with the increased workload caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was conducted to better understand the implications of COVID-19 on the intricate relationship between the psychological wellbeing of students and working within the NHS.

Method:
This was a cross-sectional, national UK study analyzing the self-reported pandemic anxiety scale (PAS) of participants during the pandemic, using an online questionnaire.

Results:
25.2% of participants worked within the NHS. Working significantly reduced anxiety levels of participants. Concerns around the training and information provided on personal protective equipment (PPE) (odds ratio [OR] 2.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] OR: 1.93, 3.43) (P < 0.001) and Ethnicity (OR 2.15, 95% CI OR: 1.54, 2.99) (P < 0.001) were the most significant covariates affecting the likelihood of working.

Conclusion:
Working during the pandemic was influenced by age, ethnicity, and information surrounding PPE. On average those who worked experienced less anxiety and were more cheerful and energetic.
Workplace Mental Health Awareness Training
Authors: Tan Leona , Harvey Samuel B. , Deady Mark , Dobson Mark , Donohoe Alison , Suk Curie , Paterson Helen , Bryant Richard 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
To investigate the efficacy of a workplace mental health awareness training program on help-seeking and mental health outcomes.

Methods:
A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted comparing those who received standard training (N = 210) or standard training with a mental health awareness module (N = 208). Both groups were followed up for 3 years with the primary outcome being likelihood to seek help.

Results:
Rates of likely help-seeking were slightly higher in the intervention group 6 months after the training, but this was not maintained over time. There was no significant difference between study conditions for mental health outcomes or actual help-seeking among those with probable mental disorder at any time point.

Conclusions:
Workplace mental health awareness training has a limited short-term impact on likelihood of help-seeking and does not appear to improve mental health outcomes.
The relationship between magnesium levels and mortality in the respiratory intensive care unit
Authors: Cirik Mustafa Özgür , Kilinç Mukaddes , Doğanay Güler Eraslan , Ünver Meriç , Yildiz Murat , Avci Sema 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Magnesium deficiency is defined as a pathophysiologic factor in numerous illnesses. This study aims to define the effects of magnesium levels on patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) regarding length of stay in the ICU, length of mechanical ventilation (MV), and 28-day mortality.
The following data were collected during initial assessment of patients admitted to the ICU with acute respiratory failure (ARF). Demographic data, magnesium and potassium levels, Charlson's Comorbidity Index (CCI), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, length of MV, length of hospital stay in the ICU, 28-day mortality, and ICU discharge status.
In the initial serum analysis prior to treatment of patients in the ICU, the mortality rate of the patient group with hypermagnesemia was found to be statistically significant when compared with other magnesium levels (P = .018). Apart from renal failure, ICU mortality is higher in the hypermagnesemia group than other groups.
Hypermagnesemia is an electrolyte abnormality that is generally seen in older individuals and those with serious comorbidity and it can be used in mortality prediction.
The comparison of different acupuncture therapies for post stroke depression
Authors: Rao Chang , Liu Wei , Li Zefang , Nan Xi , Yin Chunsheng , Yang Jipeng , Du Yuzheng 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground:Depression is a common disease which occurs after stroke, affecting approximately one third of stroke survivors at any 1 time after stroke (compared with 5%–13% of adults without stroke), with a cumulative incidence of 55%. Acupuncture, which has a long history in China, is the generic name of different kinds of acupuncture therapies, including manual acupuncture (MA), electroacupuncture (EA), fire needle (FN), dry needling (DN), and so on. Clinical studies have shown that acupuncture has a good therapeutic effect on post stroke depression (PSD), but the evidence-based medicine of it is insufficient. The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the efficacy of different kinds of acupuncture therapies in the treatment of PSD, and to provide evidence-based basis for the clinical application of acupuncture in the treatment of PSD.Methods:A systematic search will be performed on English databases (PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase) and Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data, VIP and Chinese biomedical databases). The retrieval time limit will be from the establishment of the database to August 2020. Two researchers will independently screen the literatures, extract data, and evaluate the quality of the included studies. Bayesian network analysis will be conducted by using STATA V.14.0 and ADDIS V.1.16.7.Results:In this study, the efficacy of different kinds of acupuncture therapies in the treatment of PSD will be evaluated by the degree of reduction in depression, total numbers of adverse events, quality of life indices, improvement of social and life functions and the expression of nerve cell factors.Conclusions:This study will provide reliable evidence-based evidence for the clinical application of acupuncture in PSD.
The effectiveness of a WeChat-based multimodal nursing program for women with breast cancer
Authors: Zhao Na , Yin Fang , Wu Xiaofang , Zhong Yuxia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
Breast cancer is one of the most familiar malignant tumor all over the world in women. The main treatment for the early breast cancer is surgery accompanied by the adjuvant therapy. Nevertheless, these treatments can lead to adverse reactions including sleep disturbances, fatigue, and pain. For our research, the objective is to assess the therapeutic effect of nursing program based on WeChat for the female breast cancer.

Methods:
This is a randomized controlled research, and it will be carried out from November 2020 to May 2021, which was granted via the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University (LW2020056). In this study, patients meeting the following criteria will be included:
And patients with
In intervention group, the patients are given multi-mode nursing program based on WeChat and routine nursing. In control group, patients are given routine nursing, involving vital signs monitoring, the education of health, the monitoring of postoperative complications, as well as postoperative drainage tube nursing. The main outcomes are the change of Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast version 4.0 (FACT-Bv4.0) score. While the secondary result is the numerical rating scale (NRS).

Results:
Table 1 shows the clinical results between study group and control group.

Conclusion:
This paper has guided nurses to develop an evidence-based protocol to improve patient care for postoperative women with breast cancer.

Trial registration:
This study protocol was registered in Research Registry (researchregistry6180).
How about the quality and recommendation on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HIV/AIDS guidelines developed by WHO
Authors: Zhu Qingshuang , Fang Pengzhong , Zhao Yadong , Dai Dingmei , Luo Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has become a pandemic that has infected millions of people around the world and brings a tremendous economic burden. There are numerous guidelines for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HIV/AIDS published in recent years, but the quality of these guidelines is still unknown. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate the quality of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HIV/AIDS published by World Health Organization (WHO) as well as perform a comparison of recommendations between those guidelines. And we also hope our finding could provide suggestions to enhance the quality of future guidelines in this area.

Methods:
We obtained guidelines from WHO Guidelines approved by the Guidelines Review Committee (GRC). Two reviewers will independently select eligible guidelines. The quality of included guidelines will be appraised by at least four reviewers through AGREE II and RIGHT tools. The results will be checked for discrepancies. Differences between them than two reviewers will be considered as discrepant and the final discrepancies will be resolved by consensus. The results will be presented in tables and the descriptive statistics will be calculated for all domains of the AGREE II instrument as standard score and median (range) as the reporting quality result of eligible guidelines will also be evaluated through RIGHT criteria. In this study, we will also compare the differences and similarities of recommendations among different guidelines.

Results:
The results of this study will increase the knowledge about the development of recommendations guidelines for HIV/AIDS of high methodological rigor and reporting quality. This study may also identify potential limitations for future research in this area.

Conclusion:
This study may guide health professionals, policy makers, and health policy managers in choosing the guidelines for recommendation to better to achieve the 90–90–90 targets.

INPLASY registration number:
INPLASY2020110010
Vestibulo-ocular reflex tests may reflect unilateral Ménière disease progression
Authors: Zhou Renhong , Leng Yangming , Liu Bo 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Vestibular disorders can manifest several patterns of horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) impairment, which can be detected by caloric test and video head impulse test (vHIT). Several studies have examined the patterns of caloric-vHIT response in Ménière disease (MD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the diversity of caloric-vHIT response and its related factors in unilateral MD patients. We also explore the possibility of assessing the progression of unilateral MD by using the horizontal VOR tests.
Ninety-eight patients with unilateral MD were enrolled and underwent a battery of audio-vestibular evaluations, including the pure tone audiogram, caloric test, and horizontal vHIT. Some patients received the electrocochleography and glycerol test. The combined results of caloric test and horizontal vHIT were categorized qualitatively into 4 patterns: Pattern I: normal caloric and vHIT responses; Pattern II: abnormal caloric and normal vHIT responses; Pattern III: normal caloric and abnormal vHIT response; and Pattern IV: abnormal caloric and vHIT responses. The abnormal caloric results were semi-quantitatively subdivided into sub-patterns as mild, moderate, and severe abnormality. The associations between these patterns/sub-patterns and related factors were analyzed.
Pattern I was found in 35 cases (35.7%), Pattern II in 57 (58.2%), and Pattern IV in 6 (6.1%). No patient had Pattern III. No significant differences were found between the patterns/sub-pattern distribution and age, electrocochleography, and glycerol test results. Disease duration was not associated with the pattern distribution, while remained a relation with sub-pattern distribution. The pattern/sub-pattern distribution varied significantly across MD stages. The proportion of pattern II or pattern IV increased with the stage of unilateral MD.
MD can manifest several patterns of horizontal VOR impairment, of which the impaired caloric response with normal vHIT is the most common pattern. With the progression of unilateral MD, the caloric-vHIT pattern tends to shift, which may reflect the deterioration of endolymphatic hydrops and vestibular hair cells impairments.
Hemostasis after percutaneous transfemoral access
Authors: Reich Rejane , Helal Lucas , Mantovani Vanessa Monteiro , Rabelo-Silva Eneida Rejane 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
Access site hemostasis after percutaneous procedures done in the catheterization laboratory still needs to be better studied in relation to such aspects as the different results achieved with different hemostasis strategies, the impact of different introducer sheath sizes, and arterial versus venous access. The objective of this review is to synthesize the available scientific evidence regarding different techniques for hemostasis of femoral access sites after percutaneous diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

Methods:
This review is being reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). The primary outcomes will include the following vascular complications: hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, bleeding, minor, and major vascular complications. The secondary outcomes will include the following: time to hemostasis, repetition of manual compression, and device failure. A structured strategy will be used to search the PubMed/ MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and CENTRAL databases. In addition, a handsearch of the reference lists of selected studies will be conducted. The ERIC research database will be queried for the gray literature and ClinicalTrials.gov, for potential results not yet published in indexed journals. Two reviewers will independently screen citations and abstracts, identify full-text articles for inclusion, extract data, and appraise the quality and risk of bias of included studies. If possible, a meta-analysis will be carried out. All estimations will be made using Review Manager 5.3. Statistical heterogeneity will be assessed by considering the I
2 proxy, accompanied with qualitative indicators such as differences in procedures, interventions, and outcomes among the studies. If synthesis proves inappropriate, a narrative review will be undertaken.

Results:
This protocol adheres to the PRISMA-P guideline to ensure clarity and completeness of reporting at all phases of the systematic review.

Conclusion:
This study will provide synthesized information on different methods used to achieve hemostasis after femoral access.

Ethics and dissemination:
Ethical approval number CAAE 19713219700005327. The results of the systematic review will be disseminated via publication in a peer-reviewed journal and through conference presentations.

Systematic review registration:
PROSPERO CRD42019140794.
Dizziness handicap and anxiety depression among patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and vestibular migraine
Authors: Zhu Cuiting , Li Yiqing , Ju Yi , Zhao Xingquan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To investigate the dizziness handicap and anxiety depression among patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and vestibular migraine (VM).
A prospective cohort study in which patients came from the Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University was conducted. Patients were diagnosed with BPPV and VM from September 2016 to December 2017. Dizziness handicap inventory (DHI) scale and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) were assessed among subjects before treatment and 3 months follow-up.
We used the Mann–Whitney U test to compare the DHI and HADS scores of BPPV and VM patients before and after 3 months and found significantly statistical difference. Before treatment, the median DHI scores of BPPV and VM were 34 and 60, with a Z = −5.643 (P = .001); The median HADS scores were 6 and 14, with Z = −4.807 (P = .001). After 3 months follow-up, the median DHI scores of BPPV and VM were 0 and 22, with a Z = −8.425 (P = .001); The median HADS scores were 6 and 14, with Z = −7.126 (P = .001) 51.11% VM patients and 12.21% BPPV patients have anxiety and depression. A Spearman correlation revealed a significantly moderate positive correlation (r = .455, P < .001) between DHI and HADS scores.
The emotional, functional and physical effects of vertigo on VM patients were more significant than BPPV patients. The change of DHI scores in BPPV and VM patients was positively correlated with changes in the anxiety and depression in the HADS.