bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In absence of money: a field experiment on volunteer work motivation
Authors: Mertins Vanessa , Walter Christian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlthough volunteers are a critical resource for non-profit organizations, little is known about how best to motivate them to work. A non-profit organization asked episodic volunteers to produce handmade greeting cards to sell at a fundraising event. By running a natural field experiment, we study the effect of motivating these volunteers through (a) the opportunity to vote on how the money that was raised would be spent and (b) the prospect of individual performance feedback. We find an economically and statistically significant positive effect of both tools on the quantity of work done, while the quality is mostly unaffected. Moreover, we observe significant gender differences in responsiveness to the treatments. While the prospect for feedback is more motivating to men, women respond more strongly to the opportunity to decide how the money would be spent. Empowerment seems to be a simple way to increase engagement for people with low enjoyment.
A Note on the Spectral Gap of the Fredrickson–Andersen One Spin Facilitated Model
Authors: Shapira Assaf 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis note discusses the spectral gap of the Fredrickson–Andersen one spin facilitated model in two different settings. The model describes an interacting particle system on a graph, where each site is either occupied or empty; and a site may change its occupation when at least one of its neighbors is empty. We will first consider the model on the infinite lattice$${\mathbb {Z}}^{d}$$Zd, with density close to 1. The second result is on finite graphs, with density that grows with the size of the graph in a way that guaranteesO(1) empty sites. In both models lower and upper bounds on the spectral gap were known, but in general did not match. The purpose of this paper is to present new upper bounds that have the same asymptotics as the known lower bounds.
Women’s Agency in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia: The Role of Parenthood and Education
Authors: Friedrich Carmen , Engelhardt Henriette , Schulz Florian 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWomen in Middle Eastern and North African countries continue to report low levels of agency, despite their increasing educational attainment and declining fertility rates. We address this paradox by considering how women’s agency is linked to parenthood in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia and how this association is moderated by their level of education. We study three dimensions of instrumental agency: involvement in decision-making, financial autonomy, and freedom of movement using data for married women aged 18–49 from the Integrated Labor Market Panel Surveys: Egypt 2012 (n = 7622), Jordan 2016 (n = 4550), Tunisia 2014 (n = 1480). Results from multivariate regression models of these different dimensions demonstrate that married women who are mothers generally exhibit higher levels of agency than their counterparts who are childless, though this does not hold for every dimension and the strength of the association between parenthood and agency differs by dimension and country. We find a notable exception to this pattern of positive association in the Egyptian sample: parenthood decreases agency among Egyptian women with post-secondary education. Our results suggest that parenthood may only increase women’s agency in settings with deeply entrenched patriarchal norms that imply little education for women.
Intraspecific sexual competition in the clonal gynodioecious herb Glechoma hederacea in response to patchy nutrient distribution
Authors: Harris Nathan A. , Varga Sandra 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPlants have developed numerous strategies to maximise resource uptake in response to the highly heterogeneous resource distribution in soils. Clonal growth enables plants to scavenge larger surfaces, potentially maximising nutrient acquisition by selectively growing in nutrient-rich patches. However, the production of clonal units put plants into higher intraspecific competition. In gynodioecious clonal plants, genders usually exhibit sexual dimorphism in several growth and life history traits, but whether the genders have different competitive abilities and whether these are affected by nutrient distribution is underexplored. Here, we investigated whether the genders of Glechoma hederacea have different competitive abilities and whether these are affected by soil nutrient distribution using a greenhouse pot experiment. Female and hermaphrodite ramets were grown either alone or in competition with the same or the opposite gender in two different soil nutrient distributions for four months. Our results show that competition was the strongest factor affecting biomass accumulation and allocation. Females and hermaphrodites showed little sexual dimorphism in total biomass accumulation, but they differed in how they allocated this biomass between roots and shoots and in their clonal growth strategies in response to soil nutrient distribution. Taken together, our results indicate that soil nutrient distribution affects the competitive abilities of G. hederacea in a gender-specific manner. In the field, these differences would determine the structure and the dynamics of the two genders within the populations.
Modeling Viscosity of High Titania Slag
Authors: Hu Kai , Tang Kai , Lv Xuewei , Safarian Jafar , Yan Zhiming , Song Bing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
TiO2-FeO-Ti2O3 slag system is the dominant system for industrial high-titania slag production. In the present work, viscosities of TiO2-FeO and TiO2-FeO-Ti2O3 systems were experimentally determined using the concentric rotating cylinder method under argon atmosphere. A viscosity model suitable for the TiO2-FeO-Ti2O3 slag system was then established based on the modification of the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) equation. The experimental results indicate that completely melted high-titania slags exhibit very low viscosity of around 0.8 dPa s with negligible dependence on temperature and compositions. However, it increases dramatically with decreasing temperature slightly below the critical temperature. Besides, the increase in FeO content was found to remarkably lower the critical temperature, while the addition of Ti2O3 increases it. The developed model can predict the viscosities of the TiO2-FeO-Ti2O3 and TiO2-FeO systems over wide ranges of compositions and temperatures within experimental uncertainties. The average relative error for the present model calculation is < 18.82 pct, which is better than the previously developed models for silicate slags reported in the literature. An iso-viscosity distribution diagram was made for the TiO2-FeO-Ti2O3 slag system, which can serve as a roadmap for the Ilmenite smelting reduction process as well as the high titania slags tapping process.
Soziale Arbeit – eine Menschenrechtsprofession?
Authors: Aner Kirsten , Scherr Albert 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Die Einleitung gibt einen Einblick in die Thematik dieses Themenschwerpunkts, der sich kritisch mit dem einflussreichen Verständnis von Sozialer Arbeit als Menschenrechtsprofession befasst. Er skizziert knapp die Entstehung dieses Ansatzes und die Thematik der Beiträge.
Laparoscopic segmental resection for tumours of the Angle of Treitz: a challenging but feasible surgical option. Results from a retrospective case-series analysis
Authors: Bracale Umberto , Pontecorvi Emanuele , Silvestri Vania , Cuccurullo Diego , D’Ambra Michele , Lionetti Ruggero , Coppola Andrea , Carannante Filippo , Pirozzi Felice , Peltrini Roberto , Sciuto Antonio , Corcione Francesco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTumours of the small intestine are rare and account for about 5% of gastrointestinal tract neoplasms. The angle of Treitz (AT) could be defined as the intestinal loop comprised between the third duodenal portion and the first 10 cm of jejunum. A gold standard surgical treatment for AT neoplasm has not yet been well defined. This paper is focused on a very rare disease and at the best of our knowledge this is the largest case series in the literature about the Laparoscopic Segmental Resection (LSR) of AT tumours. Using a prospectively collected database, all data of consecutive patients, from January 2007 to May 2019, who underwent LSR for AT tumours at two different institutions were analysed. Patients’ demographics, intra and post-operative data, 30-day mortality and overall survival were collected. A total of 16 patients were retrieved from our database. The mean operative time was 206,5 ± 79 min. Conversion to open surgery was needed in two cases due to tumor size and, respectively, invasion of the transverse colon which required a multivisceral resection. The mean distal and proximal resection margins were 7.4 ± 2.2 and 3.9 ± 1.2 cm. The median number of harvested nodes was 9 ± 3. Pathological diagnosis was GIST in 11 cases, adenocarcinoma in 4 and sarcoma in 1 case. In conclusion, in experienced hands, LSR appears to be a safe and effective treatment option for tumours of the AT. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Extension of competition graphs under complex fuzzy environment
Authors: Akram Muhammad , Sattar Aqsa , Karaaslan Faruk , Samanta Sovan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA complex fuzzy set (CFS) is a remarkable generalization of the fuzzy set in which membership function is restricted to take the values from the unit circle in the complex plane. A CFS is an efficient model to deal with uncertainties of human judgement in more comprehensive and logical way due to the presence of phase term. In this research article, we introduce the concept of competition graphs under complex fuzzy environment. Further, we present complex fuzzy k-competition graphs and p-competition complex fuzzy graphs. Moreover, we consider m-step complex fuzzy competition graphs, complex fuzzy neighborhood graphs (CFNGs), complex fuzzy economic competition graphs (CFECGs) and m-step complex fuzzy economic competition graphs with interesting properties. In addition, we describe an application in ecosystem of our proposed model. We also provide comparison of proposed competition graphs with existing graphs.
Systemic intermediaries and the transition toward forest-based bioeconomy in the North
Authors: Klitkou Antje , Jolly Suyash , Suvinen Nina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe activities of cluster initiatives operating as systemic intermediaries and supporting networking activities have been discussed in prior studies. We integrate insights from the cluster theory and the literature on sustainability transitions to study the activities of clusters acting as systemic intermediaries in the different phases of the development of a forest-based bioeconomy, namely (1) predevelopment and exploration; (2) takeoff; (3) acceleration and (4) stabilisation. We study three regional cluster initiatives in three different Nordic regions: forest bioeconomy, Central Finland, Finland; Paper Province, Värmland, Sweden, and Arena Skog, Trøndelag, Norway. The paper highlights that the crises in the forest-based industries in Värmland and Trøndelag were the starting point for forest-based cluster development in these regions, while in Central Finland the development was a part of the general economic restructuring of the Finnish economy during the first phase. In the fourth phase, the discontinuity of developed collaboration structures created opportunities for project-oriented collaboration in the case of Central Finland while in the Värmland and the Trøndelag case, the cluster initiatives have broadened the focus of the cluster but also continued the core activities.
A randomized double-blind clinical trial evaluating the effect of Elastic Stocking on Hemodynamic Changes and dose use of ephedrine for elective Cesarean surgery under spinal anesthesia
Authors: Aryafar Mohamad , Bozorgmehr Rama , Gholami Farshid , Farazmehr Kourosh , Alizadeh Reza 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACT

Background:
To investigate the effect of using elastic socks on hemodynamic changes and ephedrine intake in elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia in Bu Ali Hospital.

Materials and methods:
Randomized double-blind clinical trial, Participants at (XX) Hospital including entry and exit conditions. Single pregnant women and gestational age over 37 weeks Candidate for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia referred to (XX) Hospital in, Patients with consent to participate in the project, age 18 and over, gestational age over 37 Weeks–41 weeks, single, ASA class I & II are selected in a simple non-random way.

Results:
The intervention group covers the elastic socks that cover the waist to the middle of the thigh, and the pregnant women in the normal socks control group that covers the waist to the middle of the thigh. Main outcome measures: maternal blood pressure, mother's heart rate, umbilical vein gas analysis, ephedrine intake. In the event of a complication, the type of complication is also recorded.

Conclusions:
Due to small sample size, we were unable to report any significant changes following the use of elastic stocking during cesarean section.

Highlights:
GENERALIZING THE LOG-MOYAL DISTRIBUTION AND REGRESSION MODELS FOR HEAVY-TAILED LOSS DATA
Authors: Li Zhengxiao , Beirlant Jan , Meng Shengwang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCatastrophic loss data are known to be heavy-tailed. Practitioners then need models that are able to capture both tail and modal parts of claim data. To this purpose, a new parametric family of loss distributions is proposed as a gamma mixture of the generalized log-Moyal distribution from Bhati and Ravi (2018), termed the generalized log-Moyal gamma (GLMGA) distribution. While the GLMGA distribution is a special case of the GB2 distribution, we show that this simpler model is effective in regression modeling of large and modal loss data. Regression modeling and applications to risk measurement are illustrated using a detailed analysis of a Chinese earthquake loss data set, comparing with the results of competing models from the literature. To this end, we discuss the probabilistic characteristics of the GLMGA and statistical estimation of the parameters through maximum likelihood. Further illustrations of the applicability of the new class of distributions are provided with the fire claim data set reported in Cumminset al. (1990) and a Norwegian fire losses data set discussed recently in Bhati and Ravi (2018).
A MIXED BOND AND EQUITY FUND MODEL FOR THE VALUATION OF VARIABLE ANNUITIES
Authors: Augustyniak Maciej , Godin Frédéric , Hamel Emmanuel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractVariable annuity (VA) policies are typically issued on mutual funds invested in both fixed income and equity asset classes. However, due to the lack of specialized models to represent the dynamics of fixed income fund returns, the literature has primarily focused on studying long-term investment guarantees on single-asset equity funds. This article develops a mixed bond and equity fund model in which the fund return is linked to movements of the yield curve. Theoretical motivation for our proposed specification is provided through an analogy with a portfolio of rolling horizon bonds. Moreover, basis risk between the portfolio return and its risk drivers is naturally incorporated into our framework. Numerical results show that the fit of our model to Canadian VA data is adequate. Finally, the valuation of VAs is illustrated and it is found that the prevailing interest rate environment can have a substantial impact on guarantee costs.
Number-theoretic positive entropy shifts with small centralizer and large normalizer
Authors: BAAKE M. , BUSTOS Á. , HUCK C. , LEMAŃCZYK M. , NICKEL A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHigher-dimensional binary shifts of number-theoretic origin with positive topological entropy are considered. We are particularly interested in analysing their symmetries and extended symmetries. They form groups, known as the topological centralizer and normalizer of the shift dynamical system, which are natural topological invariants. Here, our focus is on shift spaces with trivial centralizers, but large normalizers. In particular, we discuss several systems where the normalizer is an infinite extension of the centralizer, including the visible lattice points and thek-free integers in some real quadratic number fields.
The set of points with Markovian symbolic dynamics for non-uniformly hyperbolic diffeomorphisms
Authors: BEN OVADIA SNIR 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe papers [O. M. Sarig. Symbolic dynamics for surface diffeomorphisms with positive entropy. J. Amer. Math. Soc.26(2) (2013), 341–426] and [S. Ben Ovadia. Symbolic dynamics for non-uniformly hyperbolic diffeomorphisms of compact smooth manifolds. J. Mod. Dyn.13 (2018), 43–113] constructed symbolic dynamics for the restriction of

$C^r$
diffeomorphisms to a set

$M'$
with full measure for all sufficiently hyperbolic ergodic invariant probability measures, but the set

$M'$
was not identified there. We improve the construction in a way that enables

$M'$
to be identified explicitly. One application is the coding of infinite conservative measures on the homoclinic classes of Rodriguez-Hertz et al. [Uniqueness of SRB measures for transitive diffeomorphisms on surfaces. Comm. Math. Phys.306(1) (2011), 35–49].
Clinicopathological investigation of the background of cognitive decline in elderly schizophrenia
Authors: Miwa Ayako , Hirano Mitsuaki , Torii Youta , Sekiguchi Hirotaka , Habuchi Chikako , Fujishiro Hiroshige , Yoshida Mari , Iwai Kiyoshi , Kawashima Kunihiro , Iritani Shuji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjective:We have often observed dementia symptoms or severe neurocognitive decline in the long-term course of schizophrenia. While there are epidemiological reports that patients with schizophrenia are at an increased risk of developing dementia, there are also neuropathological reports that the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in schizophrenia is similar to that in normal controls. It is difficult to distinguish, based solely on the clinical symptoms, whether the remarkable dementia symptoms and cognitive decline seen in elderly schizophrenia are due to the course of the disease itself or a concomitant neurocognitive disease. Neuropathological observation is needed for discrimination.Methods:We conducted a neuropathological search on three cases of schizophrenia that developed cognitive decline or dementia symptoms after a long illness course of schizophrenia. The clinical symptoms of total disease course were confirmed retrospectively in the medical record. We have evaluated neuropathological diagnosis based on not only Hematoxylin–Eosin and Klüver–Barrera staining specimens but also immunohistochemical stained specimens including tau, β-amyloid, pTDP-43 and α-synuclein protein throughout clinicopathological conference with multiple neuropathologists and psychiatrists.Results:The three cases showed no significant pathological findings or preclinical degenerative findings, and poor findings consistent with symptoms of dementia were noted.Conclusion:Although the biological background of dementia symptoms in elderly schizophrenic patients is still unclear, regarding the brain capacity/cognitive reserve ability, preclinical neurodegeneration changes in combination with certain brain vulnerabilities due to schizophrenia itself are thought to induce dementia syndrome and severe cognitive decline.
Analysis of the juvenile shell ofLingula anatina(Brachiopoda: Linguliformea) provides insight into the evolution of life cycles of fossil brachiopods
Authors: Madison Anna A. , Kuzmina Tatyana V. , Temereva Elena N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractInferences on the development and morphology of extinct brachiopods must be informed by the ontogeny and shell ornamentation of extant brachiopods. Although the adult shells of extant brachiopods are well studied, detailed descriptions of the embryonic and juvenile shells of extant lingulides are lacking. Here, we describe in detail the shells of juveniles ofLingula anatinaLamarck, 1801 from Vietnam and the Republic of the Philippines. The following previously unknown properties of the lingulide shell are described: (1) a distinct border between the protegulum and the brephic shell; (2) drapes that develop on both the protegulum and brephic shell; and (3) the notched anterior margin of the brephic shell. The drapes and cogs on the brephic shell may be caused by the formation of setal follicles during the planktonic stage. Specimens ofL. anatinafrom the Philippines have larger brephic shells than those from Vietnam, probably because the former have a longer planktonic stage. Based on comparisons of the first-formed shells of extant brachiopods with published data on fossil brachiopods, we suggest that the life cycle of extant lingulides, in which planktotrophic juveniles with a shell hatch from the egg envelope, is the most evolutionarily advanced brachiopod life cycle and appeared in the early Silurian. We suggest criteria for determining the type of life cycle based on the structure of the first-formed shell of brachiopods. Finally, we consider hypothetical scenarios of life cycles of fossil brachiopods, including true planktotrophic larvae in the Cambrian linguliforms.
Reducing ultra-processed foods and increasing diet quality in affordable and culturally acceptable diets: a study case from Brazil using linear programming
Authors: Verly-Jr Eliseu , Pereira Alessandra da Silva , Marques Emanuele Souza , Horta Paula Martins , Canella Daniela Silva , Cunha Diana Barbosa 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe aim was to design culturally acceptable and healthy diets with reduced energetic share of ultra-processed foods (UPF%) at no cost increment and to evaluate the impact of the change in the UPF% on diet quality. Food consumption and price data were obtained from the Household Budget Survey (n55 970 households) and National Dietary Survey (n32 749 individuals). Linear programming models were performed to design diets in which the mean population UPF% was reduced up to 5 % with no cost increment relative to the observed costs. The models were isoenergetic or allowed the energy content to vary according to the UPF%, and they were not constrained to nutritional goals (nutrient-free models) or maximised the compliance with dietary recommendations (nutrient-constrained models). Constraints regarding food preference were introduced in the models to obtain culturally acceptable diets. The mean population UPF% was 23·8 %. The lowest UPF% attained was approximately 10 %. The optimised diet cost was up to 20 % cheaper than the observed cost, depending on the model and the income level. In the optimised diets, the reduction in the UPF% was followed by an increase in fruits, vegetables, beans, tubers, dairy products, nuts, fibre, K, Mg, vitamin A and vitamin C in the nutrient-constrained models, compared with the observed consumption in the population. There was little variation in most nutrients across the UPF% reduction. The UPF% reduction in the nutrient-free models impacted onlytrans-fat and added sugar content. UPF% reduction and increase in diet quality are possible at no cost increment.