bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial intentions: personal and cultural variations
Authors: Litzky Barrie , Winkel Doan , Hance Jennifer , Howell Ryan 
Published: October 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the personal and contextual factors that influence entrepreneurial intention between two student populations from the United States and Portugal.Design/methodology/approachThe data were obtained through the Entrepreneurship Education Project, a large study that collected over 17,000 responses from students in 70 countries. A subset of this data resulted in 3,008 responses from students in the United States and 1,026 respondents in Portugal. The model predicted that entrepreneurial intention would be influenced by entrepreneurial capital and entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), and that the model results would be stronger in the US than in Portugal.FindingsThe main effect hypotheses were supported while moderating effect hypotheses were not, although post hoc analysis revealed some interesting culturally relevant anecdotes.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to the generalizability of previously established antecedents of entrepreneurial intention to two highly different cultural contexts – the United States and individuals from Portugal. The cross-sectional, correlational nature of the survey limits the findings to one point in time.Practical implicationsFindings suggest that having the opportunity to start a business as part of entrepreneurship education may provide useful in not only enhancing ESE but also in entrepreneurial intentions. Programs might consider including starting a business, either a new venture, or as part of a corporate program as part of the degree requirement. It may be that starting a business will provide critical experience students need to choose entrepreneurship as a career.Originality/valueThis research explored the similarities and differences in characteristics between students from a highly individualistic nation with low uncertainty avoidance (United States) and one that is more collectivist and less uncertainty avoidant (Portugal). Findings highlight the importance of entrepreneurial capital, ESE and the role that culture plays in students' entrepreneurial intentions.
Social norms, organizational learning and bribes in emerging economies: a study of foreign invested firms in Vietnam
Authors: Vuong Binh T.T. , Nguyen Thang V. , Phan Ngoc T. 
Published: October 2020

PurposeDrawing from institutional theory and organizational learning perspectives, the purpose of this paper is to examine how social norms of corruption in home countries and those in host localities influence firm bribery behavior. It also investigates factors that moderate the influence of these norms.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on survey data of foreign invested firms (FIFs) in Vietnam, conducted by the Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry between 2010 and 2018 along with Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index. The authors run ordinary least squares regressions to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe study provides evidence that social norms of corruption in both home countries and host localities influence firms’ bribery behavior, but their effects are moderated by different sets of factors. Specifically, the use of local leadership augments the impact of the host province’s corruption norms on the firm’s bribe payments. By contrast, the relationship between the home country’s corruption norms and a FIF’s bribe payment is weaker if local leadership is used, and stronger if the FIF’s home country belongs to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.Research limitations/implicationsRepeated cross-sectional data do not allow us to genuinely keep track of the changing roles of home country and host province corruption norms over time. In addition, the use of perception measures for corruption norms is subject to potential biases.Practical implicationsAs the hiring of local executives weakens the impact of the home country’s norms which are embedded in the MNCs’ general practices, a stronger learning measure and regular review of the headquarters’ policies and practices is needed to ensure the overseas branch’s compliance. For policymakers, it is critical to recognize that local corruption plays a role in shaping FIFs’ bribery behavior.Originality/valueWhile the effect of social norms of corruption on firm bribery behavior has been recognized, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that examines the learning processes FIFs may take to make sense of and cope with these norms, and also the first one to specify factors that moderate the influence of these norms.
Colombia: innovation, trust and emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Varón Sandoval Alexander , González Calixto Mónica Bibiana , Ramírez Salazar María del Pilar 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to reflect on some actions carried out in Colombia, both at the governmental and organizational levels, that can be considered collaborative innovations and that have emerged within this pandemic context seeking to generate an increase in trust and the awakening of others’ emotions, as well as manifestations or expressions of trust and emotions by the population.

Design/methodology/approach
Through a qualitative descriptive study, innovation strategies applied by different sectors to address the current situation of preventive isolation are identified, with the subsequent identification of manifestations resulting from the execution of the strategies and analyzes of the implications in terms of emotions and confidence as research constructs.

Findings
Actions taken by the public administration, instead of generating trust and instilling positive emotions, have generated the opposite and there is evidence of greater acceptance of actions when they come from the general population through strategies that can be assimilated into the application of open collaborative innovation.

Originality/value
This study raises future research challenges, in addition to the practical implications that it may have in terms of the vision of the role of the state and citizens and the impact of administrative decisions regarding the generation of trust and the presence of positive emotions in a crisis context.
Detection of buried explosives with immobilized bacterial bioreporters
Authors: Shemer Benjamin , Shpigel Etai , Hazan Carina , Kabessa Yossef , Agranat Aharon J. , Belkin Shimshon 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThe unchecked dispersal of antipersonnel landmines since the late 19th century has resulted in large areas contaminated with these explosive devices, creating a substantial worldwide humanitarian safety risk. The main obstacle to safe and effective landmine removal is the identification of their exact location, an activity that currently requires entry of personnel into the minefields; to date, there is no commercialized technology for an efficient stand‐off detection of buried landmines. In this article, we describe the optimization of a microbial sensor strain, genetically engineered for the remote detection of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoloune (TNT)‐based mines. This bioreporter, designed to bioluminescence in response to minute concentrations of either TNT or 2,4‐dinitotoluene (DNT), was immobilized in hydrogel beads and optimized for dispersion over the minefield. Following modifications of the hydrogel matrix in which the sensor bacteria are encapsulated, as well as their genetic reporting elements, these sensor bacteria sensitively detected buried 2,4‐dinitrotoluene in laboratory experiments. Encapsulated in 1.5 mm 2% alginate beads containing 1% polyacrylic acid, they also detected the location of a real metallic antipersonnel landmine under field conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the detection of a buried landmine with a luminescent microbial bioreporter.
Estimation of a term structure model of carbon prices through state space methods: The European Union emissions trading scheme
Authors: Aspinall Thomas , Gepp Adrian , Harris Geoff , Kelly Simone , Southam Colette , Vanstone Bruce 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study models the term structure of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme. The one‐factor geometric Brownian motion model of Abadie and Chamorro is replicated using the data now available and then compared with a two‐factor short‐term/long‐term (STLT) stochastic model. The STLT model has the better statistical fit to the term structure of European Union Allowances (EUAs). A real options analysis of the value of the option to retrofit carbon capture and storage shows that forecasting phase four EUAs with the STLT model almost triples the estimated project net present value and lowers investment trigger prices by approximately 24 percent.
Effects of protein supplementation on muscle wasting disorders: A brief update of the evidence
Authors: Kirk Ben , Iuliano Sandra , Daly Robin M. , Duque Gustavo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effects of protein supplementation on muscle mass, strength and function in individuals at risk of muscle wasting disorders.MethodsA narrative overview of the literature based on a PubMed search.ResultsIncreasing protein intake beyond the recommended dietary intake may prevent or attenuate muscle loss in people at risk of muscle wasting disorders; however, there is inconsistent evidence for any benefits on muscle strength or physical function. This is likely due to the significant heterogeneity and bias regarding baseline demographics, basal protein/energy intakes and protein supplement type, dose, timing and compliance.ConclusionProtein supplementation attenuates muscle loss in some populations at increased risk of muscle wasting, but there is no consistent evidence to support benefits on muscle strength or physical function. Further randomised controlled trials are needed that focus on whether there is an optimal type, dose and timing of protein intake, and potential interaction with other nutrients.
Liver complications of haemoglobin H disease in adults
Authors: Chan Luke K. L. , Mak Vivien W. M. , Chan Stanley C. H. , Yu Ellen L. M. , Chan Nelson C. N. , Leung Kate F. S. , Ng Carmen K. M. , Ng Margaret H. L. , Chan Joyce C. W. , Lee Harold K. K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHaemoglobin H (HbH) disease is a type of non‐transfusion‐dependent thalassaemia. This cross‐sectional study aimed at determining the prevalence and severity of liver iron overload and liver fibrosis in patients with HbH disease. Risk factors for advanced liver fibrosis were also identified. A total of 80 patients were evaluated [median (range) age 53 (24–79) years, male 34%, non‐deletional HbH disease 24%]. Patients underwent ‘observed’ T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging examination for liver iron concentration (LIC) quantification, and transient elastography for liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and fibrosis staging. In all, 25 patients (31%) had moderate‐to‐severe liver iron overload (LIC ≥7 mg/g dry weight). The median LIC was higher in non‐deletional than in deletional HbH disease (7·8 vs. 2.9 mg/g dry weight, P = 0·002). In all, 16 patients (20%) had advanced liver fibrosis (LSM >7.9 kPa) and seven (9%) out of them had probable cirrhosis (LSM >11.9 kPa). LSM positively correlated with age (R = 0·24, P = 0·03), serum ferritin (R = 0·36, P = 0·001) and LIC (R = 0·28, P = 0·01). In multivariable regression, age ≥65 years [odds ratio (OR) 4·97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·52–17·50; P = 0·047] and moderate‐to‐severe liver iron overload (OR 3·47, 95% CI 1·01–12·14; P = 0·01) were independently associated with advanced liver fibrosis. The findings suggest that regular screening for liver complications should be considered in the management of HbH disease.
The effect of rational‐emotive education on irrational thinking, subjective wellbeing and self‐efficacy of typically developing students and social acceptance of disabled students
Authors: Kabasakal Esma , Emiroğlu Oya Nuran 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThis study aimed to assess the effects of rational‐emotive education on the rational thinking, subjective well‐being and self‐efficacy of typical students and their levels of social acceptance of disabled students in mainstream classrooms.BackgroundRational‐emotive education exercises can be important for eliminating typical students' problem behaviours, such as poor acceptance of disabled classmates, in mainstream classrooms.MethodThe study was conducted between 25 October 2017 and 17 January 2018 at two middle schools located in Ankara, Turkey. A quasi‐experimental design and nonequivalent control group were used. The research sample consisted of 212 typical students and 16 disabled students from the middle schools. A socio‐demographic questionnaire and the Irrational Beliefs Scale for Adolescents, Adolescent Subjective Well‐being Scale, General Self‐Efficacy Scale and Social Acceptance Scale were used to collect data. Students in the intervention group participated in a 12‐week rational‐emotive education programme.ResultsThe results showed that, for the students who took part in the rational emotive‐education programme, there was a significant increase in subjective well‐being, self‐efficacy and social acceptance of peers with special needs, and a significant reduction in irrational beliefs, compared to those in the control group (p < 0.001). Social Validity Questionnaire, which was completed by the parents of the students with special needs to assess the social validity and the effects of the intervention, indicated that the rational‐emotive education programme provided a positive classroom atmosphere, which positively affected the disabled students.ConclusionsThe study results supported previous findings on rational‐emotive education, which has been adopted in Turkey and in the world as a humanistic approach. Rational‐emotive education can be used in mental and school health nursing to increase social acceptance of the disabled students, and to eliminate their social–emotional problems, and to create a positive classroom atmosphere for all students.
The dissolution of the Lebanese parliament: A perverted application of the parliamentary system
Authors: Badran Simon 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article examines the serious shortcomings of the procedure of dissolution of the Lebanese Parliament under the First Republic and its paralysis during the Second Republic due to the influence of confessional mechanisms. A close examination of the Lebanese legal system makes it possible to distinguish two sets of disparate constitutional norms. On the one hand, there is the enshrinement of traditional constitutional principles under the purview of parliamentarianism. On the other hand, there is the adoption of a confessional regime of representation and power‐sharing. The two sets of divergent legal norms coexist and co‐function at the intersection of secular democratic principles and the multi‐confessional composition of the Lebanese society. Notable in this regard is the power of dissolution of the Parliament which was amended in 1990 to be consistent with the Lebanese confessional formula in a way that renders it entirely ineffective.
Interventional echocardiography: Opportunities and challenges in an emerging field
Authors: Lee James , Chen Tiffany , Gill Edward 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe growth of transcatheter structural heart disease interventions has created a subspecialty of interventional imagers who focus on preprocedural planning and the periprocedural guidance of these complex cases. In particular interventional imagers who focus on periprocedural guidance have developed a specific expertise in interventional transesophageal echocardiography (iTEE). This nascent field has challenges in training, reimbursement, and occupational hazards which are unique to this field. This review encompasses the evolution of iTEE, current challenges, and future opportunities.
Dividend commitment in firm bylaws and capital structure change
Authors: Cheng Linyin , Wang Guojun , Wang Yuetang , Yang Dan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDividend policies can predict changes in capital structure. We focus on a unique setting, namely, dividend commitment emerging from a new dividend policy in China, and explore its relation to leverage. We find a commitment to increase dividends is associated with a subsequent reduction in leverage, and this negative relation is enhanced in firms without preliminary conditions specified for their commitments or with greater dividend smoothing in previous periods. Robustness tests support the main findings. Further analysis addresses four internal mechanisms that play essential roles in the above link, and we provide further details about how leverage is reduced.
Management of patients with severe haemophilia a without inhibitors on prophylaxis with emicizumab: AICE recommendations with focus on emergency in collaboration with SIBioC, SIMEU, SIMEUP, SIPMeL and SISET
Authors: Coppola Antonio , Castaman Giancarlo , Santoro Rita C. , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Franchini Massimo , Marino Renato , Rivolta Gianna Franca , Santoro Cristina , Zanon Ezio , Sciacovelli Laura , Manca Salvatore , Lubrano Riccardo , Golato Maria , Tripodi Armando , Rocino Angiola ,   the ad hoc Working Group
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe factor VIII (FVIII)‐mimetic bispecific monoclonal antibody, emicizumab, previously approved for prophylaxis in haemophilia A with inhibitors, has been recently licensed in several countries also in patients with severe haemophilia A (PWSHA) without inhibitors. The introduction of this innovative agent requires the development of specific pathways at Haemophilia Treatment Centres (HTC), particularly regarding laboratory testing and treatment of breakthrough bleeds and invasive procedures/surgeries, even more critical when patients are managed by non‐specialist professionals. Limited literature data and clinical experience in PWSHA without inhibitors on emicizumab are currently available.AimTo promote awareness and overcome these challenges, the Italian Association of Haemophilia Centres (AICE) issued a guidance on the management of PWSHA without inhibitors on emicizumab prophylaxis, focused on emergency and shared with other National Scientific Societies in the field.MethodsThe document, drafted by an AICE expert panel and approved through online consultation, was further revised by a multidisciplinary working group, including members of 5 haemostasis, laboratory and emergency scientific societies. The final version was approved by the Council of each society.ResultsGeneral recommendations about use of FVIII concentrates for the treatment of bleeding or haemostatic coverage of invasive procedures/surgeries and laboratory monitoring in PWSHA without inhibitors on emicizumab are provided. Specific issues of the management in the emergency room are focused, highlighting the need for direct involvement or formalized supervision by specialist HTC physicians.ConclusionsThis guidance provides a reference pathway to be implemented in the different healthcare organizations, especially for the challenging emergency management in this setting.
Effects of Emicizumab on APTT, FVIII assays and FVIII Inhibitor assays using different reagents: Results of a UK NEQAS proficiency testing exercise
Authors: Lowe Anna , Kitchen Steve , Jennings Ian , Kitchen Dianne P. , Woods Tim A. L. , Walker Isobel D. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionEmicizumab (Hemlibra: Roche Switzerland) is a, humanized, bi‐specific monoclonal modified immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) which binds human FX, FIX and activated FIX (FIXa) to mimic activated FVIII activity.AimEvaluate the effects of emicizumab on the APTT, surrogate FVIII activity and FVIII inhibitor results.MethodsTwo samples were provided, one obtained from an emicizumab treated severe haemophilia A patient with FVIII inhibitors and one constructed by in vitro addition of emicizumab using plasma from a severe haemophilia A patient without FVIII inhibitors. An APTT screen, surrogate FVIII and FVIII inhibitor tests were performed on both samples by participating centres.ResultsAPTT results were below the lower limit of normal range. Chromogenic FVIII assay results with the Hyphen/Biophen human component‐based assay gave higher than expected coefficient of variation (CV) results, 38%–40%. The modified one‐stage FVIII assay with emicizumab calibrators showed similar results regardless of the APTT reagent. Inhibitor assay median results for sample S18:23 = 1.43 BU (range 0.9‐3.0 BU/ml, CV 38%). S18:24 was classified as below the lower limit of detection.ConclusionAPTT screens showed a consistent shortening. Unmodified one‐stage Factor VIII assay results were remarkably high. APTT‐based assays are unsuitable for measurement of coagulation factors or inhibitors in patients treated with emicizumab. Bovine origin chromogenic assays are insensitive to emicizumab and should be used to monitor FVIII levels/FVIII inhibitors in emicizumab treated patients. Product‐specific calibrators should be implemented to reduce result variability.
“Fake news” in dermatology. Results from an observational, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Iglesias‐Puzas Álvaro , Conde‐Taboada Alberto , Aranegui‐Arteaga Beatriz , López‐Bran Eduardo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSocial networks have become a means for disseminating information on health‐related matters.ObjectiveDescribe the characteristics and analyze the accuracy of the dermatology content that is most often shared on the most popular social networks.Materials and methodsThe content most often shared on social networks (Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, and Reddit) between March 2019 and March 2020 was analyzed using the keywords: acne, alopecia/hair loss, psoriasis, eczema, melanoma, skin cancer, rash, and rosacea. The total number of interactions, skin disease, topic, and origin was collected from each of the records. The content was analyzed and was categorized as precise, confusing, or imprecise based on the scientific evidence available.ResultsA total of 385 websites were included. About 44.7% of the shared content was rated as imprecise, 20% as confusing, and 35.3% as precise. The records classified as imprecise obtained a higher mean number of interactions (P < 0.05). No differences were found in terms of the level of certainty and the dermatosis studied, whereas they did exist in relation to their topic and origin (P < 0.001). Of the contents classified as imprecise, the most frequent topic and origin were "alternative medicines" and "individual opinions, articles not affiliated with health institutions, nor peer reviewed," respectively.ConclusionsThe majority of the contents often shared on social networks are below acceptable quality standards. Strategies are needed to discredit imprecise information and promote the dissemination of evidence‐based dermatology information.