bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should I stay or should I go? The antecedents of turnover intention among police personnel
Authors: Jabeen Fauzia , Al Hashmi Maryam , Mishra Vinita 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
This study aims to explore the antecedents that may lead to turnover intentions among police personnel in the United Arab Emirates.

Design/methodology/approach
The data were collected from police personnel (n = 176) through a questionnaire survey, and structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships.

Findings
The findings revealed that the work-family conflict and job autonomy significantly correlate with turnover intentions. Alternatively, perceived organizational support does not predict turnover intentions.

Research limitations/implications
This research is limited by the study’s subjective assessment of police personnel turnover intentions through self-reported questionnaires. It provides implications for policymakers, organizational behavioral experts and those interested in formulating effective strategies to reduce turnover among police personnel.

Originality/value
This study offers a novel context as it assesses police personnel in an emerging Middle Eastern country. It provides insights to policymakers and academia concerning the factors strongly linked with police personnel turnover intentions and will help them formulate strategies for improving personnel satisfaction and advancing relationships between police and the community.
Cycling tourism: a perspective article
Authors: Han Heesup , Lho Linda Heejung , Al-Ansi Amr , Yu Jongsik 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to expand our understanding of cycling tourism research and the value of bicycles in tourism.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors examined how cycling tourism research has progressed in past decades and presented their personal points of view regarding the future trend in cycling tourism for the next 75 years.

Findings
Cycling tourism has obtained its popularity across the world for its high values on physical/mental health, social connections, entertainment and sustainability issues for the past century. Huge transitions in cycling tourism will be created for the next 75 years, which includes from 2020 to 2095, owing to new technology developments, which include electric bicycle and green power generation, urban cities development and environmental concerns/problems.

Originality/value
This paper offers originality because it successfully explores the past and future perspectives of cycling tourism, which is irrefutably an important trend in the emerging sustainable tourism sector.
Pregnancy outcomes in women with primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cauldwell M , Mackie FL , Steer PJ , Henehghan MA , Baalman JH , Brennand J , Johnston T , Dockree S , Hedley C , Jarvis S , Khan S , McAuliffe FM , Mackillop L , Penna L , Smith B , Trivedi P , Verma S , Westbrook R , Winifield S , Williamson C 
Published: February 2020

ObjectiveTo determine maternal, obstetric and neonatal outcomes in a cohort of women with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTen specialist centres managing pregnant women with liver disease.PopulationWomen with a diagnosis of PBC and PSC and a pregnancy of ≥20 completed weeks of gestation.MethodsRetrospective case notes review.Main outcome measuresAdverse outcomes were defined as: maternal – development of ascites, variceal bleeding, encephalopathy and jaundice; obstetric events – gestational hypertension, pre‐eclampsia and postpartum haemorrhage; and neonatal – stillbirth, preterm delivery and admission to neonatal unit. The relationship of alanine transferase (ALT) and bile acid levels with gestation at delivery was studied.ResultsThe first recorded pregnancies of 34 women with PSC and 27 women with PBC were analysed. There were 60 live births and one intrapartum stillbirth that did not occur in the context of maternal cholestasis. The overall median gestation of delivery was 38 weeks but the rate of preterm birth was 28% (17/61 deliveries), 76% (13/17) of which were spontaneous. Gestation at birth negatively correlated with maternal serum ALT concentration at booking (P = 0.017) and serum bile acid concentration during pregnancy (P = 0.016). There were no other significant correlations and maternal and neonatal outcomes were good.ConclusionsPregnancy in PBC and PSC is well tolerated, but women should be counselled regarding the increased risk of preterm birth. Measurement of maternal ALT and bile acids may help identify women at risk of preterm delivery.Tweetable abstractPregnancy in women with PBC and PSC is well tolerated; however, rates of preterm birth are high and are related to maternal bile acid levels.
Why Do Politicians Intervene in Accounting Regulation? The Role of Ideology and Special Interests
Authors: BISCHOF JANNIS , DASKE HOLGER , SEXTROH CHRISTOPH J. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTPoliticians frequently intervene in the regulation of financial accounting. Evidence from the accounting literature shows that regulatory capture by special interests helps explain these interventions. However, many accounting rules have broad economic or social consequences, such as their effects on income distribution or private sector subsidies. The perception of these consequences varies with a politician's ideology. Therefore, if accounting rules produce those consequences, ideology plausibly spills over and explains a politician's stance on the technical accounting issue, beyond special interest pressure. We use two prominent U.S. political debates about fair value accounting and the expensing of employee stock options to disentangle the role of ideology from special interest pressure. In both debates, ideology explains politicians’ involvement at exactly those points when the debate focuses on the economic consequences of accounting regulation (i.e., bank bailouts and top management compensation). Once the debates focus on more technical issues, connections to special interests remain the dominant force.
Chromosome‐level assembly of wild Bactrian camel genome reveals organization of immune gene loci
Authors: Ming Liang , Wang Zhen , Yi Li , Batmunkh Mijiddorj , Liu Tao , Siren Dalai , He Jing , Juramt Namuunaa , Jambl Tuyatsetseg , Li Yixue , Jirimutu  
Published: February 2020

AbstractCamelids are characterized by their unique adaptive immune system that exhibits the generation of homodimeric heavy‐chain immunoglobulins, somatic hypermutation of T‐cell receptors, and low genetic diversity of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. However, short‐read assemblies are typically highly fragmented in these gene loci owing to their repetitive and polymorphic nature. Here, we constructed a chromosome‐level assembly of wild Bactrian camel genome based on high‐coverage long‐read sequencing and chromatin interaction mapping. The assembly with a contig N50 of 5.37 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 76.03 Mb, represents the most contiguous camelid genome to date. The genomic organization of immunoglobulin heavy‐chain locus was similar between the wild Bactrian camel and alpaca, and genes encoding for conventional and heavy‐chain antibodies were intermixed. The organizations of two immunoglobulin light‐chain loci and four T cell receptor loci were also fully deciphered using the new assembly. Additionally, the complete classical MHC region was resolved into a single contig. The high‐quality assembly presented here provides an essential reference for future investigations examining the camelid immune system.
The status of hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Mahmud Sarwat , Mumtaz Ghina R. , Chemaitelly Hiam , Al Kanaani Zaina , Kouyoumjian Silva P. , Hermez Joumana G. , Abu‐Raddad Laith J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground and aimsPeople who inject drugs (PWID) are a key population at high risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aim of this study was to delineate the epidemiology of HCV in PWID in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).MethodsSyntheses of data were conducted on the standardized and systematically assembled databases of the MENA HCV Epidemiology Synthesis Project, 1989–2018. Random‐effects meta‐analyses and meta‐regressions were performed. Meta‐regression variables included country, study site, year of data collection and year of publication [to assess trends in HCV antibody prevalence over time], sample size and sampling methodology. Numbers of chronically infected PWID across MENA were estimated. The Shannon Diversity Index was calculated to assess genotype diversity.ResultsBased on 118 HCV antibody prevalence measures, the pooled mean prevalence in PWID for all MENA was 49.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 44.4–54.1%]. The country‐specific pooled mean ranged from 21.7% (95% CI = 4.9–38.6%) in Tunisia to 94.2% (95% CI = 90.8–96.7%) in Libya. An estimated 221 704 PWID were chronically infected, with the largest numbers found in Iran at 68 526 and in Pakistan at 46 554. There was no statistically significant evidence for a decline in HCV antibody prevalence over time. Genotype diversity was moderate (Shannon Diversity Index of 1.01 out of 1.95; 52.1%). The pooled mean percentage for each HCV genotype was highest in genotype 3 (42.7%) and in genotype 1 (35.9%).ConclusionHalf of people who inject drugs in the Middle East and North Africa appear to have ever been infected with hepatitis C virus, but there are large variations in antibody prevalence among countries. In addition to > 200 000 chronically infected current people who inject drugs, there is an unknown number of people who no longer inject drugs who may have acquired hepatitis C virus during past injecting drug use. Harm reduction services must be expanded, and innovative strategies need to be employed to ensure accessibility to hepatitis C virus testing and treatment.
Prevalence of Perineural Invasion in keratinocyte cancer in the general population and among organ transplant recipients
Authors: Adams Agnieszka , Pandeya Nirmala , De’Ambrosis Brian , Plasmeijer Elsemieke , Panizza Ben , Green Adele C , Olsen Catherine M. , Whiteman David C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesBasal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are the most commonly encountered cancers in fair‐skinned populations worldwide. Perineural invasion is associated with worse outcomes for patients with BCC or SCC. Estimates of perineural invasion prevalence range widely, likely reflecting non‐representative patient samples. We sought to determine the prevalence of perineural invasion in BCC and SCC in the general population, as well as among cancers arising in solid organ transplant recipients.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed histopathology reports of BCC and SCC from patients enrolled in the QSkin Study (a population‐based cohort of 43 794 Queensland residents recruited 2010–2011) and the Skin Tumours in Allograft Recipients (STAR) study (a cohort of 509 high‐risk kidney or liver transplant recipients at the Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, recruited 2012–2014.) We estimated the prevalence of perineural invasion (and 95% confidence interval) in BCC and SCC, respectively, and identified clinical factors associated with perineural invasion.ResultsIn QSkin, we observed 35 instances of perineural invasion in 9850 histopathologically confirmed BCCs (0.36%) and 9 instances of perineural invasion in 3982 confirmed SCC (0.23%) lesions. In the STAR cohort, we identified 4 lesions with perineural invasion in 692 BCCs (0.58%) and 16 reports of perineural invasion in 875 SCC lesions (1.9%).ConclusionsThese data suggest that the overall prevalence of perineural invasion in keratinocyte cancer is low, although perineural invasion prevalence may be slightly higher among organ transplant recipients when compared to the general population.
Artificial neural network identifies nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs exacerbated respiratory disease (N‐ERD) cohort
Authors: Tyrak Katarzyna Ewa , Pajdzik Kinga , Konduracka Ewa , Ćmiel Adam , Jakieła Bogdan , Celejewska‐Wójcik Natalia , Trąd Gabriela , Kot Adrianna , Urbańska Anna , Zabiegło Ewa , Kacorzyk Radosław , Kupryś‐Lipińska Izabela , Oleś Krzysztof , Kuna Piotr , Sanak Marek , Mastalerz Lucyna 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo date, there has been no reliable in vitro test to either diagnose or differentiate nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID)–exacerbated respiratory disease (N‐ERD). The aim of the present study was to develop and validate an artificial neural network (ANN) for the prediction of N‐ERD in patients with asthma.MethodsThis study used a prospective database of patients with N‐ERD (n = 121) and aspirin‐tolerant (n = 82) who underwent aspirin challenge from May 2014 to May 2018. Eighteen parameters, including clinical characteristics, inflammatory phenotypes based on sputum cells, as well as eicosanoid levels in induced sputum supernatant (ISS) and urine were extracted for the ANN.ResultsThe validation sensitivity of ANN was 94.12% (80.32%‐99.28%), specificity was 73.08% (52.21%‐88.43%), and accuracy was 85.00% (77.43%‐92.90%) for the prediction of N‐ERD. The area under the receiver operating curve was 0.83 (0.71‐0.90).ConclusionsThe designed ANN model seems to have powerful prediction capabilities to provide diagnosis of N‐ERD. Although it cannot replace the gold‐standard aspirin challenge test, the implementation of the ANN might provide an added value for identification of patients with N‐ERD. External validation in a large cohort is needed to confirm our results.
Protective effect of Berberine on reproductive function and spermatogenesis in diabetic rats via inhibition of ROS/JAK2/NFκB pathway
Authors: Song Jingyu , Gao Xintao , Tang Zhe , Li Hao , Ruan Yajun , Liu Zhuo , Wang Tao , Wang Shaogang , Liu Jihong , Jiang Hongyang 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) induces impairment of male reproductive system and is considered as a key factor that could partially provide an explanation for male infertility. Thus, understanding the mechanism underlying DM‐induced infertility will aid in the identification of novel therapeutic stratagems.ObjectivesTo delineate the role of ROS/JAK2/NFκB pathway in DM‐induced low reproductive function and impaired spermatogenesis. Additionally, to investigate the protective effect of monomeric Berberine (BB) that inhibits ROS/JAK2/NFκB pathway, in the pathogenesis of DM‐induced infertility.Methods12‐week‐old male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control group, DM group, control plus BB group, and DM plus BB group. Streptozotocin was used to induce DM. After treating the rats with BB for 4 weeks, fertility tests were conducted to investigate the reproductive function, and testis weight along with sperm motility was assessed through microscope. Oxidative stress was evaluated by DHE staining. TUNEL staining was utilized to detect the state of apoptosis. Cell experiments were carried out to define the role of BB in vitro. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting were employed to measure the protein expression.ResultsOur results indicate that the reproductive function of DM rats was low, accompanied by decreased testis weight and sperm motility in addition to the impairment of the seminiferous tubules. However, there was a significant improvement in the reproductive function parameters in the BB‐treated DM rats. Subsequently, our data revealed that DM rats produce an increased level of ROS in the testis, which activates JAK2 further activating the NFκB pathway, leading to increased apoptosis and impaired cells in the testicles. However, BB could attenuate the ROS production and abrogate activation of JAK2/NFκB pathway, thus inhibiting the apoptosis in the testicular cells of DM rats.ConclusionROS/JAK2/NFκB pathway is involved in the DM‐induced low reproductive function and impaired spermatogenesis. BB can play a protective role in preserving the reproductive function and spermatogenesis in DM by inhibiting ROS/JAK2/NFκB pathway.
Prognostic implications of the microenvironment for follicular lymphoma under immunomodulation therapy
Authors: Menter Thomas , Tzankov Alexandar , Zucca Emanuele , Kimby Eva , Hultdin Magnus , Sundström Christer , Beiske Klaus , Cogliatti Sergio , Banz Yara , Cathomas Gieri , Karjalainen‐Lindsberg Marja‐Liisa , Grobholz Rainer , Mazzucchelli Luca , Sander Birgitta , Hawle Hanne , Hayoz Stefanie , Dirnhofer Stefan 
Published: February 2020

SummaryFollicular lymphoma (FL) constitutes a significant proportion of lymphomas and shows frequent relapses. Beyond conventional chemotherapy, new therapeutic approaches have emerged, focussing on the interplay between lymphoma cells and the microenvironment. Here we report the immunophenotypic investigation of the microenvironment of a clinically well‐characterized prospective cohort (study SAKK35/10, NCT01307605) of 154 treatment‐naïve FL patients in need of therapy, who have been treated with rituximab only or a combination of rituximab and the immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide/Revlimid® A high ratio of CD4‐ to CD8‐positive T cells (P = 0·009) and increased amounts of PD1+ tumour‐infiltrating T cells (P = 0·007) were associated with inferior progression‐free survival in the whole cohort. Interestingly, the prognostic impact of PD1+ T cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio lost its significance in the subgroup treated with R2. In the latter group, high amounts of GATA3+ T helper (Th2) equivalents were associated with better progression‐free survival (P < 0·001). We identified tumour microenvironmental features that allow prognostic stratification with respect to immuno‐ and combined immuno‐ and immunomodulatory therapy. Our analysis indicates that lenalidomide may compensate the adverse prognostic implication of higher amounts of CD4+ and, particularly, PD1+ T cells and that it has favourable effects mainly in cases with higher amounts of Th2 equivalents.[Correction added on 11 February 2020, after online publication: The NCT‐trial number was previously incorrect and has been updated in this version].
Removal of cattle accelerates tropical dry forest succession in Northwestern Mexico
Authors: Quisehuatl‐Medina Abdieel , Averett Joshua P. , Endress Bryan A. , Lopez‐Toledo Leonel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDomestic livestock influence patterns of secondary succession across forest ecosystems. However, the effects of cattle on the regeneration of tropical dry forests (TDF) in Mexico are poorly understood, largely because it is difficult to locate forests that are not grazed by cattle or other livestock. We describe changes in forest composition and structure along a successional chronosequence of TDF stands with and without cattle (chronic grazing or exclusion from grazing for ~ 8 year). Forest stands were grouped into five successional stages, ranging from recently abandoned to mature forest, for a total of 2.7 ha of the sampled area. The absence of cattle increased woody plant (tree and shrub) density and species richness, particularly in mid‐successional and mature forest stands. Species diversity and evenness were generally greater in sites where cattle were removed and cattle grazing in early successional stands reduced establishment and/or recruitment of new individuals and species. Removal of cattle from forest stands undergoing succession appears to facilitate a progressive and non‐linear change of forest structure and compositional attributes associated with rapid recovery, while cattle browsing acts as a chronic disturbance factor that compromises the resilience and structural and functional integrity of the TDF in northwestern Mexico. These results are important for the conservation, management, and restoration of Neotropical dry forests.
Tumor cell‐derived angiopoietin‐like protein 2 establishes a preference for glycolytic metabolism in lung cancer cells
Authors: Osumi Hironobu , Horiguchi Haruki , Kadomatsu Tsuyoshi , Tashiro Kyosei , Morinaga Jun , Takahashi Takashi , Ikeda Koei , Ito Takaaki , Suzuki Makoto , Endo Motoyoshi , Oike Yuichi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe previously revealed that tumor cell‐derived angiopoietin‐like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) accelerates the metastatic capacity of tumors in an autocrine/paracrine manner by activating tumor cell motility and invasiveness and the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. However, the effects of ANGPTL2 on cancer cell glycolytic metabolism, which is a hallmark of tumor cells, are unknown. Here we report evidence supporting a role for tumor cell‐derived ANGPTL2 in establishing a preference for glycolytic metabolism. We report that a highly metastatic lung cancer cell subline expressing abundant ANGPTL2 showed upregulated expression of the glucose transporter GLUT3 as well as enhanced glycolytic metabolism relative to a less metastatic parental line. Most notably, ANGPTL2 overexpression in the less metastatic line activated glycolytic metabolism by increasing GLUT3 expression. Moreover, ANGPTL2 signaling through integrin α5β1 increased GLUT3 expression by increasing transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling and expression of the downstream transcription factor zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1). Conversely, ANGPTL2 knockdown in the highly metastatic subline decreased TGF‐β1, ZEB1, and GLUT3 expression and antagonized glycolytic metabolism. In primary tumor cells from patients with lung cancer, ANGPTL2 expression levels correlated with GLUT3 expression. Overall, this work suggests that tumor cell‐derived ANGPTL2 accelerates activities associated with glycolytic metabolism in lung cancer cells by activating TGF‐β‐ZEB1‐GLUT3 signaling.