bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Borderline ovarian tumors in Denmark 1997‐2018: Time trends in incidence by histology, age and educational level
Authors: Baandrup Louise , Faber Mette T. , Aalborg Gitte L. , Kjaer Susanne K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroductionAfter some decades with an increasing incidence of borderline ovarian tumors, more recent studies have observed that the incidence rate seems to be leveling off or declining. In this study, we describe the incidence of borderline ovarian tumors in Denmark 1997‐2018 by histology, age at diagnosis and educational level.Material and methodsAll borderline ovarian tumors registered in the Danish Pathology Registry during 1997‐2018 were identified and individual‐level educational information was retrieved from nationwide registers. Age‐standardized incidence rates were estimated according to histology, age at diagnosis and educational level. To investigate incidence trends over time, the average annual percentage change and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Poisson regression.ResultsWe identified 3927 women with borderline ovarian tumors during the study period, of which 1997 (50.9%) were serous and 1743 (44.4%) were mucinous. The age‐standardized incidence rate of serous borderline ovarian tumors did not change significantly over calendar time (average annual percentage change = −0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.13 to 0.88). For mucinous tumors, the age‐standardized incidence rate was also relatively stable during the first half of the study period, followed by a decrease from 2.56 to 1.25 per 100 000 person‐years between 2007‐2011 and 2017‐2018. Over the entire study period, the incidence rate of mucinous borderline tumors declined on average by 2.91% (95% CI −4.24 to −1.51) per year. The incidence of both types of borderline ovarian tumors seemed to be highest among women with a low educational level. Over calendar time, the incidence of mucinous tumors decreased in all educational groups, whereas the incidence of serous tumors decreased exclusively in women with a high educational level. Time trends did not differ markedly by age at diagnosis.ConclusionsIn Denmark, the incidence of serous borderline ovarian tumors was stable during 1997‐2018, whereas the incidence of mucinous borderline ovarian tumors decreased. The incidence rates of both types of borderline ovarian tumors tended to be highest among women with a low educational level throughout the study period.
The bio‐surfactant mannosylerythritol lipid acts as a selective antibacterial agent to modulate rumen fermentation
Authors: Okuhira Kana , Koike Satoshi , Ito Shinji , Kobayashi Yasuo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMethyl‐mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL), a new sugar esterified lipid synthesized by Pseudozyma aphidis, was assessed for its functionality in modulating rumen fermentation and microbiota toward more propionate and less methane production. A pure culture study using rumen representatives showed that MEL selectively inhibited the growth of most Gram‐positive bacteria including Streptococcus bovis, ruminococci, and Fibrobacter succinogenes, but not Gram‐negative bacteria such as Megasphaera elsdenii, Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens, and Selenomonas ruminantium. A batch culture study revealed that MEL significantly decreased methane production in a dose‐dependent manner with accumulation of hydrogen, while propionate production was enhanced. A continuous culture (Rusitec) study confirmed all of these changes. A feeding study revealed that sheep fed a MEL diet showed an increased proportion of propionate, while proportions of acetate and butyrate were decreased without affecting total VFA level. These changes disappeared after cessation of MEL feeding. Based on these results, dietary application of MEL can favorably modify rumen fermentation in terms of the efficiency of dietary energy utilization.
QRICH1 variants in Ververi‐Brady syndrome—delineation of the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum
Authors: Föhrenbach Melanie , Jamra Rami Abou , Borkhardt Arndt , Brozou Triantafyllia , Muschke Petra , Popp Bernt , Rey Linda K. , Schaper Jörg , Surowy Harald , Zenker Martin , Zweier Christiane , Wieczorek Dagmar , Redler Silke 
Published: October 2020

AbstractVerveri‐Brady syndrome (VBS, # 617982) is a rare developmental disorder, and loss‐of‐function variants in QRICH1 were implicated in its etiology. Furthermore, a recognizable phenotype was proposed comprising delayed speech, learning difficulties and dysmorphic signs. Here, we present four unrelated individuals with one known nonsense variant (c.1954C > T; p.[Arg652*]) and three novel de novo QRICH1 variants, respectively. These included two frameshift mutations (c.832_833del; p.(Ser278Leufs*25), c.1812_1813delTG; p.(Glu605Glyfs*25)) and interestingly one missense mutation (c.2207G > A; p.[Ser736Asn]), expanding the mutational spectrum. Enlargement of the cohort by these four individuals contributes to the delineation of the VBS phenotype and suggests expressive speech delay, moderate motor delay, learning difficulties/mild ID, mild microcephaly, short stature and notable social behavior deficits as clinical hallmarks. In addition, one patient presented with nephroblastoma. The possible involvement of QRICH1 in pediatric cancer assumes careful surveillance a key priority for outcome of these patients. Further research and enlargement of cohorts are warranted to learn about the genetic architecture and the phenotypic spectrum in more detail.
Expanding the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of the subcortical maternal complex genes in recurrent preimplantation embryonic arrest
Authors: Zheng Wei , Hu Huiling , Dai Jing , Zhang Shuoping , Gu Yifan , Dai Can , Guo Jing , Xu Xinxin , Li Yuan , Zhang Shunji , Hu Liang , Gong Fei , Lu Guangxiu , Lin Ge 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) is an oocyte‐to‐embryo‐specific maternal functional module. Some variants of SCMC genes that contribute to preimplantation embryonic arrest have been identified. However, more novel variants should be identified to broaden the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of SCMC genes and establish their roles in embryonic development. We identified 13 novel variants in the SCMC genes, TLE6, NLRP5, NLRP2, and PADI6, from 10 of a total of 50 infertile females with recurrent preimplantation embryonic arrest. Six variants in TLE6 were found in five patients with embryonic arrest, accompanied by direct cleavage and severe fragmentation at the cleavage stage. Three patients carried NLRP5 variants, and one patient each who carried NLRP2 and PADI6 variants had subsequent poor or failed fertilization and cleavage arrest with a relatively lower ratio of severely fragmented embryos. Our findings expand the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of SCMC genes associated with human embryogenesis and might help lay the foundation for the genetic diagnosis of female infertility.
Hypothalamic plasticity in response to changes in photoperiod and food quality: An adaptation to support pre‐migratory fattening in songbirds?
Authors: Majumdar Gaurav , Yadav Garima , Malik Shalie , Rani Sangeeta , Balthazart Jacques , Kumar Vinod 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn latitudinal avian migrants, increasing photoperiods induce fat deposition and body mass increase, and subsequent night‐time migratory restlessness in captive birds, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that an enhanced hypothalamic neuronal plasticity was associated with the photostimulated spring migration phenotype. We tested this idea in adult migratory red‐headed buntings (Emberiza bruniceps), as compared with resident Indian weaverbirds (Ploceus philippinus). Birds were exposed to a stimulatory long photoperiod (14L:10D, LP), while controls were kept on a short photoperiod (10L:14D, SP). Under both photoperiods, one half of birds also received a high calorie, protein‐ and fat‐rich diet (SP‐R, LP‐R) while the other half stayed on the normal diet (SP‐N, LP‐N). Thirty days later, as expected, the LP had induced multiple changes in the behaviour and physiology in migratory buntings. Photostimulated buntings also developed a preference for the rich food diet. Most interestingly, the LP and the rich diet, both separately and in association, increased neurogenesis in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH), as measured by an increased number of cells immunoreactive for doublecortin (DCX), a marker of recently born neurons, in buntings, but not weaverbirds. This neurogenesis was associated with an increased density of fibres immunoreactive for the orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY). This hypothalamic plasticity observed in a migratory, but not in a non‐migratory, species in response to photoperiod and food quality might represent an adaptation to the pre‐migratory fattening, as required to support the extensive energy expenses that incur during the migratory flight.
Can aspects of the discharge regime associated with juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and trout (S. trutta L.) densities be identified using historical monitoring data from five UK rivers?
Authors: Gillson Jonathan P. , Maxwell David L. , Gregory Stephen D. , Posen Paulette E. , Riley William D. , Picken Jessica L. , Assunção Marta G.L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractUnderstanding salmonid discharge requirements can help inform management to conserve wild populations in a changing climate. This study developed Bayesian hierarchical mixed‐effects models relating 0+ Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and trout (Salmo trutta L.) densities to different aspects of river discharge. Associations between these densities and nine hydrological variables representing the magnitude, frequency and duration of discharge events were evaluated using historical monitoring data from 36 sites on five rivers in England and Wales. All hydrological variables had weak associations with 0+ salmonid densities. More frequent high discharges between spawning and emergence were positively and negatively associated with 0+ salmon and trout densities, respectively. High discharges might increase spawning site availability for salmon and decrease egg‐to‐fry survival for trout. However, overall, only equivocal evidence was found regarding which discharge aspects affect juvenile salmonid densities. Therefore, a strategic review of juvenile salmonid monitoring programmes integrating environmental data collection is recommended.
(Pro)renin receptor/ATP6AP2 is required for autophagy and regulates proliferation in lung adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Ohba Koji , Endo Moe , Sato Shigemitsu , Kashio‐Yokota Yurina , Hirose Takuo , Takahashi Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract(Pro)renin receptor ((P)RR)/ ATP6AP2 (ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal accessory protein 2) functions as an essential accessory subunit of vacuolar H+‐ATPase (V‐ATPase). V‐ATPase is necessary for lysosome function and autophagy. Autophagy is related to cell proliferation, migration and invasion of various cancer cells. In this study, we aim to clarify the relationship between (P)RR and autophagy in lung adenocarcinoma. Expression of (P)RR and Ki‐67 (a proliferation marker) was studied in sixty‐four adenocarcinoma cases by immunohistochemistry. Lung adenocarcinoma cell line, A549, was transfected with (P)RR‐specific siRNA. Autophagy inhibitors, bafilomycin A1 and chloroquine, were used as positive controls. Cell proliferation and migration were measured by WST‐8 assay and wound healing assay. Autophagosome markers, p62 and LC3, were analyzed by RT‐qPCR, Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Immunohistochemistry showed that (P)RR was expressed in all adenocarcinoma tissues. The intensity of (P)RR immunoreactivity was significantly associated with Ki‐67. Treatment of (P)RR‐specific siRNA suppressed (P)RR expression and significantly reduced cell proliferation and migration as did the autophagy inhibitors. Western blot and immunocytochemistry showed that (P)RR‐specific siRNA, as well as the autophagy inhibitors, induced p62 and LC3 accumulation in cytoplasmic granules. These results suggest that (P)RR is involved in cell proliferation and progression of lung adenocarcinoma via regulating autophagy.
The novel form of amyloidosis derived from EGF‐containing fibulin‐like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1) preferentially affects the lower gastrointestinal tract of elderly femalesa
Authors: Dao Linda N , Kurtin Paul J , Smyrk Thomas C , Theis Jason D , Dasari Surendra , Vrana Julie A , Dispenzieri Angela , Nasr Samih H , McPhail Ellen D 
Published: October 2020

AimsTo characterise the clinicopathological features of amyloidosis due to EGF‐containing fibulin‐like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1), a newly described amyloid type.Methods and resultsWe identified cases by searching the Mayo Clinic amyloid liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry typing database for specimens with the universal amyloid signature proteins, abundant EFEMP1 spectra and absence of other specific amyloid precursor proteins. We also developed an immunohistochemical stain for EFEMP1 applicable to formalin‐fixed tissue sections and performed electron microscopy in one case. We identified 33 specimens from 32 patients with EFEMP1 amyloid. Most patients were female (91%) with a mean age of 75 years, and most specimens (94%) were from the bowel. EFEMP1 amyloid was incidentally identified in specimens biopsied/resected for a variety of clinical indications. In bowel specimens, EFEMP1 amyloid involved blood vessels and interstitium of the lamina propria, submucosa and/or muscularis propria. Although the EFEMP1 deposits were weakly to moderately Congo red‐positive with absent to weak birefringence, they were strongly positive for EFEMP1 by immunohistochemistry, had the characteristic fibrillar ultrastructure of amyloid and were readily identified by mass spectrometry.ConclusionsEFEMP1 amyloid is a recently described novel amyloid type that predominantly affects the bowel of elderly females. Because EFEMP1 amyloid is only weakly Congo red‐positive, it may be overlooked without a high index of suspicion. However, its characteristic microanatomical distribution is highlighted by immunohistochemistry and its identity is readily confirmed by mass spectrometry. Based on its distinctive features, we propose that EFEMP1 amyloidosis be considered a new amyloid type.
Self‐correction through corpus‐based tasks: Improving writing skills of Arabic learners
Authors: Zaki Mai 
Published: October 2020

AbstractMost research in corpus‐based teaching has focused on using corpora in vocabulary building and the teaching of grammar. The present study discusses how corpus‐based tasks can help to improve the writing skills of the learners of Arabic as a foreign language through inducing self‐correction. The paper argues that a corpus‐based approach allows learners the opportunity for self‐correction and exploration of new ways to improve their sense of natural structures in Arabic. It presents a case study of intermediate level Arabic learners who complete corpus‐based tasks designed based on their errors in written assignments. A combination of online and offline tasks were used, with the aim to actively engage learners in “thinking” about their errors and how to correct them.
Consumers’ willingness to pay for organic versus all‐natural milk – Does certification make a difference?
Authors: Yormirzoev Mirzobobo , Li Tongzhe , Teuber Ramona 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile there is ample evidence on consumers’ perceptions and willingness to pay (WTP) for organic food in developed markets, empirical evidence for transition economies is scarce. This paper is based on a survey of 608 Russian consumers that combined a questionnaire with a contingent valuation approach to investigate the impact of perceptions and trust on consumers’ WTP for certified organic, uncertified all‐natural and conventional milk, respectively. A between‐subject treatment design was used to analyse how consumers’ WTP responds to different information treatments. Our results suggest that most participants connect health benefits with the consumption of organic food, followed by slightly fewer respondents connecting organic production with environmental benefits. In the case of animal welfare benefits, the picture is less clear, as only 46% of respondents indicated that they agree that organic livestock production is associated with animal welfare benefits. Concerning the trust in farmer’s adherence to organic standards, a substantially higher share of respondents expressed trust in producers from the European Union versus their Russian counterparts. About 51% of respondents exhibited a positive WTP for organic milk in comparison to conventional milk. At the same time, there is no statistically significant difference in respondents’ WTP between all‐natural and organic milk. This similarity suggests that respondents do not seem to differentiate between uncertified all‐natural milk and certified organic milk.
Targeting immunometabolism in host defence against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Sheedy Frederick J. , Divangahi Maziar 
Published: October 2020

SummaryIn the face of ineffective vaccines, increasing antibiotic resistance and the decline in new antibacterial drugs in the pipeline, tuberculosis (TB) still remains pandemic. Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), which causes TB, results in either direct elimination of the pathogen, most likely by the innate immune system, or infection and containment that requires both innate and adaptive immunity to form the granuloma. Host defence strategies against infectious diseases are comprised of both host resistance, which is the ability of the host to prevent invasion or to eliminate the pathogen, and disease tolerance, which is defined by limiting the collateral tissue damage. In this review, we aim to examine the metabolic demands of the immune cells involved in both host resistance and disease tolerance, chiefly the macrophage and T‐lymphocyte. We will further discuss how baseline metabolic heterogeneity and inflammation‐driven metabolic reprogramming during infection are linked to their key immune functions containing mycobacterial growth and instructing protective immunity. Targeting key players in immune cellular metabolism may provide a novel opportunity for treatments at different stages of TB disease.
An analysis of inventory policies for substitute pharmaceuticals with purchasing or selling constraints
Authors: Chen Jingxian , Liang Liang , Yao Dong‐Qing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractTo improve patients' welfare, governments can regulate the availability of the low‐price drugs (LPDs) through lower wholesale purchasing or retail selling of the LPD. This paper characterizes two common constrained policies from the practices of pharmaceutical markets. The first (policy P) controls the ratios of the LPD's purchasing quantity and fee. The second (policy S) controls the ratios of the LPD's selling quantity and revenue. Considering a pharmaceutical supply chain consisting of two independent manufacturers and a hospital, we investigate the impacts of two policies on the LPD's availability and the whole industry gains. Our results show that policy P dominates policy S in two aspects: (a) policy P provides a higher product availability of the LPD and (b) policy P reduces less profits for the pharmaceutical supply chain. Specifically, policy P could incur a win‐win outcome for the patient and the supply chain. We further show that the demand allocation of the LPD, the substitution degree, and the profit margins' difference can significantly affect the performances of the policies.
Educational needs and disaster response readiness: A cross‐sectional study of clinical nurses
Authors: Jang Insil , Kim Ji‐Su , Lee Jungsun , Seo Yeji 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimTo analyse clinical nurses’ educational needs and disaster response readiness and the factors influencing their disaster response readiness.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional study.MethodsA convenience sample comprising 260 nurses with more than a year of working experience at a hospital in Korea was selected from 1‐31 August 2019. Data on nurses’ educational needs and disaster response readiness were collected from participants. A multiple regression model was used to examine the factors influencing disaster response readiness among nurses.ResultsFactors influencing personal readiness were number of years of clinical experience, being female, working in a medical ward, and educational needs for disaster response. Factors influencing self‐protection were working in a medical ward and working in the emergency room. Factors influencing the emergency response were working in a medical ward and working in the emergency room. Factors influencing clinical management were a graduate‐level education or higher, working in a medical ward, working in the emergency room, working in the paediatric ward, experience receiving disaster‐related education, and educational needs for disaster response.ConclusionIt is essential to be aware of the educational needs and disaster readiness of hospital clinical nurses, to develop their capacity to respond such situations. In addition, to improve the disaster competency of nurses, it is necessary to develop an education programme that considers the factors influencing disaster response readiness in this study.ImpactNurses must have the knowledge and skills to respond to a disaster. Nurse educators should help nurses strengthen their disaster‐related knowledge, skills, and judgment. Hospital administrators should encourage nurse educators to provide disaster‐related training and simulation‐based education to increase nurses’ disaster competency to act during disasters.
The relationships among self‐efficacy, social support, resilience, and subjective well‐being in persons with spinal cord injuries
Authors: Bhattarai Muna , Jin Yuanyuan , Smedema Susan Miller , Cadel Kabita Raj , Baniya Mandira 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimsTo examine the contribution of self‐efficacy, social support, and resilience to subjective well‐being (SWB), to examine the mediating effect of resilience in the relationship between social support and SWB, and to investigate if marital status moderates the relationship between social support and SWB among people with spinal cord injuries (SCI).DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional study, conducted from November 2017–January 2018.MethodsOne hundred and two individuals with SCI were recruited from a rehabilitation center and a community setting in Nepal. SWB, self‐efficacy, social support, resilience, demographics and injury‐related information was collected using self‐reported questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analysis, mediation analysis, and moderation analysis were performed in SPSS and R to test the hypotheses.ResultsSelf‐efficacy, social support, and resilience uniquely explained 19% of the variance on SWB after controlling for demographic covariates. In the mediation analysis, resilience partially mediated the relationship between social support and SWB. In the moderation analysis, marital status moderated the relationship between resilience and SWB.ConclusionSubjective well‐being of persons with SCI is associated with many factors. Interventions to strengthen self‐efficacy, resilience, and social networks can be effective to enhance SWB. A stronger association between resilience and SWB among single participants reflects the need to provide specific considerations for persons with SCI who are single. Longitudinal and/or experimental studies are needed to further validate these findings.ImpactThis study identified external and internal factors contributing to SWB in persons with SCI. Self‐efficacy, social support, and resilience were found to be significantly associated with SWB. Resilience acted as a mediator between social support and SWB. The relationship between resilience and SWB was stronger in single participants than married participants. The findings have potential implications in the field of nursing since nurses are one of the integral members of the SCI rehabilitation team.