bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hillslope soil erosion and mobility in pine plantations and native deciduous forest in the coastal range of south‐Central Chile
Authors: Aburto Felipe , Cartes Eduardo , Mardones Oscar , Rubilar Rafael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSignificant areas of Latin America, and especially of Chile, have been forested with forest plantations to provide timber and fiber and to decrease soil erosion after deforestation. Despite their potential contribution to reducing erosion processes, the magnitude of this decline has not been adequately assessed. In this study, we estimated soil loss and mobility for one year on steep hillslopes using the traditional erosion‐pin approach at five micro‐catchments planted with Pinus radiata with different stand ages and compared them to an adjacent secondary broadleaf Nothofagus sp. native forest. Annual net soil loss (ASL) positively correlated with cumulative rainfall (R2 = .49, p < .001). ASL averaged 65.03 ± 9.8 mg ha−1 yr−1, with the lowest ASL in the natural forest with 21.4 ± 3.1 mg ha−1 yr−1 and the highest in one of the 1‐year‐old plantation micro‐catchments (88.9 ± 9.3 mg ha−1 yr−1). ASL under plantation stands of different ages displayed no significant differences. All areas showed similar net soil loss index values, averaging 83.0 ± 1%, suggesting that most of the sediment left the hillslope. The RUSLE model predicted ASL moderately well across all sites and conditions (0.41, p = .018), but it tends to underestimate ASL, particularly for native forests. On average, soils on hilly terrain under plantation forest may suffer losses up to four times greater than natural forests. The latter stresses the need to improve our understanding of erosive processes that may be still active under planted forest, and to better assess the effect of management practices on soil erosion, particularly on previously highly degraded and erodible soils.
Ergodicity for neutral type SDEs with infinite length of memory
Authors: Bao Jianhai , Wang Feng‐Yu , Yuan Chenggui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the weak Harris theorem developed in [18] is illustrated by using a straightforward Wasserstein coupling, which implies the exponential ergodicity of the functional solutions to a range of neutral type SDEs with infinite length of memory. A concrete example is presented to illustrate the main result.
MYH2 myopathy, a new case expands the clinical and pathological spectrum of the recessive form
Authors: Telese Roberta , Pagliarani Serena , Lerario Alberto , Ciscato Patrizia , Fagiolari Gigliola , Cassandrini Denise , Grimoldi Nadia , Conte Giorgio , Cinnante Claudia , Santorelli Filippo M. , Comi Giacomo P. , Sciacco Monica , Peverelli Lorenzo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundHereditary myosin myopathies are a group of rare muscle disorders, caused by mutations in genes encoding for skeletal myosin heavy chains (MyHCs). MyHCIIa is encoded by MYH2 and is expressed in fast type 2A and 2B muscle fibers. MYH2 mutations are responsible for an autosomal dominant (AD) progressive myopathy, characterized by the presence of rimmed vacuoles and by a reduction in the number and size of type 2A fibers, and a recessive early onset myopathy characterized by complete loss of type 2A fibers. Recently, a patient with a homozygous mutation but presenting a dominant phenotype has been reported.MethodsThe patient was examined thoroughly and two muscle biopsies were performed through the years. NGS followed by confirmation in Sanger sequencing was used to identify the genetic cause.ResultsWe describe the second case presenting with late‐onset ophthalmoparesis, ptosis, diffuse muscle weakness, and histopathological features typical for AD forms but with a recessive MYH2 genotype.ConclusionThis report contributes to expand the clinical and genetic spectrum of MYH2 myopathies and to increase the awareness of these very rare diseases.
Inherited and de novo biallelic pathogenic variants in COL11A1 result in type 2 Stickler syndrome with severe hearing loss
Authors: Nixon Thomas , Richards Allan J. , Lomas Adrian , Abbs Stephen , Vasudevan Pradeep , McNinch Annie , Alexander Philip , Snead Martin P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundType 2 Stickler syndrome is usually a dominant disorder resulting from pathogenic variants in COL11A1 encoding the alpha 1 chain of type XI collagen. Typical molecular changes result in either substitution of an obligate glycine within the Gly‐Xaa‐Yaa amino acid sequence repeat region of the molecule, mRNA missplicing or deletions/duplications that typically leaves the message in‐frame. Clinical features include myopia, retinal detachment, craniofacial, joint, and hearing problems. Fibrochondrogenesis is also a COL11A1 related disorder, but here disease‐associated variants are recessive and may be either null alleles or substitutions of glycine, and the condition is usually lethal in infancy.MethodsThe patient was assessed in the NHS England Stickler syndrome diagnostic service. DNA from the patient and family were analyzed with Next Generation Sequencing on a panel of genes known to cause Stickler Syndrome. The effect of sequence variants was assessed using minigene analysis. Allele‐specific RT‐PCR was performed.ResultsThis patient had clinical type 2 Stickler syndrome but with severe hearing loss and severe ocular features including retinal atrophy and retinal tears in childhood. We identified a de novo in frame deletion of COL11A1 (c.4109_4126del) consistent with dominantly inherited Stickler syndrome but also a second inherited variant (c.1245+2T>C), on the other allele, affecting normal splicing of COL11A1 exon 9.ConclusionExon 9 of COL11A1 is alternatively expressed and disease causing changes affecting only this exon modify the phenotype resulting from biallelic COL11A1 disease‐associated variants and, instead of fibrochondrogenesis, produce a form of Stickler syndrome with severe hearing loss. Disease phenotypes from de novo pathogenic variants can be modified by inherited recessive variants on the other allele. This highlights the need for functional and family analysis to confirm the mode of inheritance in COL11A1‐related disorders, particularly for those variants that may alter normal pre‐mRNA splicing.
Design of a balanced dual‐band BPF with high selectivity
Authors: Zhao Mo , Xu Le , Cheng Xing Yu , Chen Wei , Wu Wei , Wei Feng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a balanced dual‐band bandpass filter (BPF) with a high selectivity and intrinsic common‐mode (CM) suppression is presented. The proposed balanced BPF consists of balanced stepped‐impedance microstrip‐slotline transition (BSIMST) structures and two pairs of half‐wavelength split‐ring resonators (SRRs). The designed SRRs can generate two differential‐mode (DM) passbands. By adjusting the widths and lengths of SRRs and the gaps between them, the bandwidths of the two DM passbands can be controlled easily. In order to enhance the filtering performance, the cross coupling and parallel coupling structures are applied to generate transmission zeros (TZs) in this design. Meanwhile, the adoption of source‐load coupling introduces one more TZ, which can improve the selectivity of the DM passbands further. Meanwhile, a good CM suppression is obtained by employing symmetrical BSIMST, which is independent from the DM passbands. Therefore, the design procedure can be significantly simplified. Finally, a balanced dual‐band BPF centered at 1.58 and 2.44 GHz is fabricated and measured to verify the feasibility of the proposed design. A good agreement between the simulation and measurement results is observed.
Metabolic Complications Occur More Frequently in Older Patients Receiving Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Solomon Diana M. , Hollands James M. , Pontiggia Laura , Delic Justin J. , Bingham Angela L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Guidelines for Parenteral Nutrition in Geriatric Patients state metabolic complications are more frequent in elderly patients. However, literature provides limited information about metabolic complications in older patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN). Consequently, the purpose of this study was to compare the development of metabolic complications in older vs younger patients receiving PN.MethodsPatients receiving PN from May 1, 2014, to February 7, 2017, at Cooper University Hospital were included. Metabolic complications assessed included acid‐base disturbances, hepatic complications, hypercapnia, hyperchloremia, hyperglycemia, hypernatremia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypochloremia, hypoglycemia, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, and refeeding syndrome.Results595 patients were included (older group [≥65 years]: n = 245, median age: 76 years; younger group [<65 years]: n = 350, median age: 53 years]. Certain characteristics were similar between groups (female, 51%; mean body mass index of 28; critically ill, 34%; central PN, 97%; median duration of PN, 7 days; mean energy provision PN, 25.4 kcal/kg/d; mean dextrose infusion rate, 2.31 mg/kg/min). Overall, metabolic complications developed in 58% of patients and occurred more frequently in older vs younger patients (65.7% vs 53.4%; P = .003). Multivariate logistic analysis demonstrated increased odds of metabolic complications in the older group (odds ratio, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.014–2.375).ConclusionsOlder hospitalized patients are more likely to develop a metabolic complication during their PN course than younger patients. This study heightens awareness that patients of advanced age are subject to metabolic complications; practitioners should anticipate and resolve complications in a timely manner.
Extinction of experience: The need to be more specific
Authors: Gaston Kevin J. , Soga Masashi 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Extinction of experience, the progressive loss of human–nature interactions, may prove to be one of the key environmental concepts of our times. Not only does this loss reduce the important benefits that people gain from these interactions, but it may also undermine their support for pro‐biodiversity policies and management actions, and thus play an important role in shaping the future of biodiversity.

Here, to help improve understanding, encourage a more consistent approach and highlight research gaps, we consider some of the key features of the concept of extinction of experience, contentions that these have caused and propose some solutions.

We focus particularly on the importance of (a) the definition of nature employed; (b) whether direct or other human–nature interactions are considered; (c) the differences between the loss and the extinction of experience; (d) the timing of the loss of interactions that is considered and (e) the difference between human–nature interactions and human–nature experiences.

Differentiating between narrow and broad senses of nature, between childhood and lifelong timings, and between interactions and experiences leads to a typology of eight different forms of extinction of experience. Such a classification can be useful for targeting research, furthering understanding of the processes and dynamics of the extinction of experience, and developing policies to reduce this phenomenon and minimize its negative consequences.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Microdissection—An Essential Prerequisite for Spatial Cancer Omics
Authors: von Eggeling Ferdinand , Hoffmann Franziska 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe problem with cancer tissue is that its intratumoral heterogeneity and its complexity is extremely high as cells possess, depending on their location and function, different mutations, different mRNA expression and the highest intricacy in the protein pattern. Prior to genomic and proteomic analyses, it is therefore indispensable to identify the exact part of the tissue or even the exact cell. Laser‐based microdissection is a tried and tested technique able to produce pure and well‐defined cell material for further analysis with proteomic and genomic techniques. It sheds light on the heterogeneity of cancer or other complex diseases and enables the identification of biomarkers. This review aims to raise awareness for the reconsideration of laser‐based microdissection and seeks to present current state‐of‐the‐art combinations with omic techniques.
Rapid, catalyst‐free crosslinking of silicones using triazines
Authors: Fatona Ayodele , Osamudiamen Andrew , Moran‐Mirabal Jose , Brook Michael A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSilicone elastomers are a class of polymers that are typically cured with metal‐based catalysts. There is a need to reduce the presence of metals in polymers for both cost and environmental reasons. We describe the preparation of amino‐triazinyl silicone networks that are readily formed, without catalysts, from aminopropyl silicones and cyanuric chloride or, more practicably, a pre‐modified dichlorotriazinyl silicone (a masterbatch). The amine groups serve both as nucleophiles leading to crosslinks and to neutralize the HCl byproduct of the reaction. Elastomer properties, ranging from very soft gels to rigid elastomers, could be controlled simply by choice of the telechelic or pendant aminopropylsilicones that were added to the masterbatch. The presence of amines and ammonium ions in the products do not significantly affect the high stability of the elastomers toward hydrolytic or thermal oxidative stress.
Glufosinate‐ammonium: a review of the current state of knowledge
Authors: Takano Hudson K , Dayan Franck E 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGlufosinate is a key herbicide to manage glyphosate‐resistant weeds mainly because it is a broad‐spectrum herbicide, and transgenic glufosinate‐resistant crops are available. Although glufosinate use has increased exponentially over the past decade, the treated area with this herbicide is far less than that with glyphosate. This is because glufosinate often provides inconsistent performance in the field, which is attributed to several factors including environmental conditions, application technology, and weed species. Glufosinate is also highly hydrophilic and does not translocate well in plants, generally providing poor control of grasses and perennial species. In the soil, glufosinate is rapidly degraded by microorganisms, leaving no residual activity. While there have been concerns regarding glufosinate toxicology, its proper use can be considered safe. Glufosinate is a fast‐acting herbicide that was first discovered as a natural product, and is the only herbicide presently targeting glutamine synthetase. The mode of action of glufosinate has been controversial, and the causes for the rapid phytotoxicity have often been attributed to ammonia accumulation. Recent studies indicate that the contact activity of glufosinate results from the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent lipid peroxidation. Glufosinate disrupts both photorespiration and the light reactions of photosynthesis, leading to photoreduction of molecular oxygen, which generates reactive oxygen species. The new understanding of the mode of action provided new ideas to improve the herbicidal activity of glufosinate. Finally, a very few weed species have evolved glufosinate resistance in the field, and the resistance mechanisms are generally not well understood requiring further investigation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Discovery of novel arylthioacetic acid derivatives as 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors
Authors: Huang Hao , Wang Man‐Man , Shu Lei , Yan Yi‐Le , Zhang Jian‐Qiu , Liu Jian‐Min , Zhan Xiao‐Hang , Zhang Da‐Yong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBACKGROUND4‐Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) plays an important role in addressing the issue of plant protection research. In a continuing effort to discover novel HPPD inhibitors, we adopted a bioisosterism strategy to design a series of novel arylthioacetic acid scaffold based on the previously discovered aryloxyacetic acid scaffold. This study sheds new light on the discovery of novel HPPD inhibitors.RESULTSThe compounds A1–A30 and B1–B39 were prepared through an efficient synthetic route for in vitro and glasshouse experiments (herbicidal activities, herbicidal activity spectrum, and crop selectivity). Preliminary bioassay results reveal that these derivatives are promising Arabidopsis thaliana HPPD inhibitors, compounds A11 (Ki = 0.021 μmol L‐1) and B20 (Ki = 0.022 μmol L‐1), which exhibit similar activities to that of mesotrione (Ki = 0.020 μmol L‐1). The glasshouse experiments data indicated that compounds B34 displayed excellent herbicidal activity, which was higher compared to that of mesotrione. Moreover, molecular simulation results show that the compounds B20, B34, and mesotrione shared similar interplay with surrounding residues, which led to a perfect interaction with the active site of Arabidopsis thaliana HPPD. Based on herbicidal results, compound B34 was selected for crop selectivity studies (corn injury ≤ 10%), indicating its potential for weed control in corn fields.CONCLUSIONThese bioassay results showed that the compound B34 could be used as a possible lead compound for the development of HPPD inhibitors. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Decellularized skeletal muscles display neurotrophic effects in three-dimensional organotypic cultures
Authors: Raffa Paolo , Scattolini Valentina , Gerli Mattia Francesco Maria , Perin Silvia , Cui Meihua , De Coppi Paolo , Elvassore Nicola , Caccin Paola , Luni Camilla , Urciuolo Anna 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSkeletal muscle decellularization allows the generation of natural scaffolds that retain the extracellular matrix (ECM) mechanical integrity, biological activity, and three-dimensional (3D) architecture of the native tissue. Recent reports showed that in vivo implantation of decellularized muscles supports muscle regeneration in volumetric muscle loss models, including nervous system and neuromuscular junctional homing. Since the nervous system plays pivotal roles during skeletal muscle regeneration and in tissue homeostasis, support of reinnervation is a crucial aspect to be considered. However, the effect of decellularized muscles on reinnervation and on neuronal axon growth has been poorly investigated. Here, we characterized residual protein composition of decellularized muscles by mass spectrometry and we show that scaffolds preserve structural proteins of the ECM of both skeletal muscle and peripheral nervous system. To investigate whether decellularized scaffolds could per se attract neural axons, organotypic sections of spinal cord were cultured three dimensionally in vitro, in presence or in absence of decellularized muscles. We found that neural axons extended from the spinal cord are attracted by the decellularized muscles and penetrate inside the scaffolds upon 3D coculture. These results demonstrate that decellularized scaffolds possess intrinsic neurotrophic properties, supporting their potential use for the treatment of clinical cases where extensive functional regeneration of the muscle is required.
A Green Recycling Process for Lead Refining Waste
Authors: Morcali Mehmet H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNearly 80% of metallic lead is used in the production of lead battery over the world. There is a need for efficient extraction process in order to provide a sustainable production since lead has an importance in the economy. The aim of the study was to present a green recycling process for lead waste generated from lead refining process (i. e. Colcord process‐ copper removing method). The purpose was to obtain higher extraction yield with lower energy consumption to leach lead from the refining waste. For this purpose, the extraction experiments were studied in order to examine the following effects; particle size, lixiviant concentration, agitation speed, S/L ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time and the effect of common anion. Almost 99% lead extraction was achieved by using dilute ferric nitrate at 55 °C for 12 hours under ambient pressure condition. Furthermore, the addition of common ions was examined in order to increase the percentage of lead extraction. Unfortunately, the addition of common ions showed negative effect on lead extraction. The proposed green and sustainable chemical process played a significant role in lead waste recycling in terms of supporting secondary lead stock or demand.
Homogeneous 2D MoTe2 CMOS Inverters and p–n Junctions Formed by Laser‐Irradiation‐Induced p‐Type Doping
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhu Junqiang , Wang Qiyuan , Wan Jing , Liu Ran 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAmong all typical transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), the bandgap of α‐MoTe2 is smallest and is close to that of conventional 3D Si. The properties of α‐MoTe2 make it a favorable candidate for future electronic devices. Even though there are a few reports regarding fabrication of complementary metal–oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) inverters or p–n junction by controlling the charge‐carrier polarity of TMDs, the fabrication process is complicated. Here, a straightforward selective doping technique is demonstrated to fabricate a 2D p–n junction diode and CMOS inverter on a single α‐MoTe2 nanoflake. The n‐doped channel of a single α‐MoTe2 nanoflake is selectively converted to a p‐doped region via laser‐irradiation‐induced MoOx doping. The homogeneous 2D MoTe2 CMOS inverter has a high DC voltage gain of 28, desirable noise margin (NMH = 0.52 VDD, NML = 0.40 VDD), and an AC gain of 4 at 10 kHz. The results show that the doping technique by laser scan can be potentially used for future larger‐scale MoTe2 CMOS circuits.
Engineering Protein Nanoparticles Out from Components of the Human Microbiome
Authors: López‐Laguna Hèctor , Sánchez‐García Laura , Serna Naroa , Voltà‐Durán Eric , Sánchez Julieta M. , Sánchez‐Chardi Alejandro , Unzueta Ugutz , Łoś Marcin , Villaverde Antonio , Vázquez Esther 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNanoscale protein materials are highly convenient as vehicles for targeted drug delivery because of their structural and functional versatility. Selective binding to specific cell surface receptors and penetration into target cells require the use of targeting peptides. Such homing stretches should be incorporated to larger proteins that do not interact with body components, to prevent undesired drug release into nontarget organs. Because of their low interactivity with human body components and their tolerated immunogenicity, proteins derived from the human microbiome are appealing and fully biocompatible building blocks for the biofabrication of nonreactive, inert protein materials within the nanoscale. Several phage and phage‐like bacterial proteins with natural structural roles are produced in Escherichia coli as polyhistidine‐tagged recombinant proteins, looking for their organization as discrete, nanoscale particulate materials. While all of them self‐assemble in a variety of sizes, the stability of the resulting constructs at 37 °C is found to be severely compromised. However, the fine adjustment of temperature and Zn2+ concentration allows the formation of robust nanomaterials, fully stable in complex media and under physiological conditions. Then, microbiome‐derived proteins show promise for the regulatable construction of scaffold protein nanomaterials, which can be tailored and strengthened by simple physicochemical approaches.