bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participación del detrusor en las propiedades dinámicas de la pared vesical. Presentación de un nuevo modelo biomecánico
Authors: Virseda Chamorro M. , Salinas Casado J. 
Published: August 2020

Se realizó un estudio experimental en orden a valorar la participación del detrusor en la acomodación y biomecánica de la pared
vesical.
Se utilizaron 65 perros machos adultos mestizos. Los animales fueron divididos en 4 grupos de 10 perros (a, b, c y d) y un grupo de 25perros (e). Estos gruposfieron: a) grupo control; b) grupo que recibió 2,s mgkg de atropina i.v. (agente anticolinérgico); c) grupo que recibió 0,7 mgkg i.v. de verapamil (bloqueante de los canales lentos del calcio); d) grupo que recibió O,I mg/min/kg i.v. de nitroprusiato (antagonista del calcio intracelular), y e) grupo que recibió EGTA (quelante del calcio) i.v. a dosis crecientes desde 90 hasta 450 mgkg. Se comprobó que la acomodación vesical depende de la activicontracdad
contráctil tónica (mediada por el calcio intracelular). Aplicando
un modelo matemático adecuado se demostró que las propiedades
viscoelásticas de la pared vesicular dependen de las propiedades contráctiles y que las propiedades elásticas son independientes de la actividad contráctil vesical. Se postula un nuevo modelo biomecánico de la pared vesical.
Desarrollo de un sistema fotogramétrico tridimensional computerizado no invasivo para el análisis de la columna vertebral humana
Authors: Soto Hermoso Víctor Manuel , Gerona Galdame P. , Gutiérrez Dávila Marcos , Rodríguez Rodríguez L.P. 
Published: August 2020

El presente trabajo expone el desarrollo de un sistema fotogramétri-
co tridimensional (3D) no invasivo basado en la utilización de
imágenes radiológicas que permite el análisis de la columna vertebral
humana para su aplicación en el ámbito de la investigctción
básica acerca del comportamiento de la columna y su utilización
práctica para facilitar el diagnóstico clínico en los centros médi-
-cos.
A pártir de Ia información obtenida mediante imágenes radio-
tógicai son aplicadas técnicas fotogramétricas 3D computerizadas
que permiten con una adecuada metodología no invasiva la obtención
de diversos parámetros biomectínicos que permiten detetminar
el comportamiento estático y dinámico de la columna. Asimismo
se desarrollan ciertos algoritmos de representación gráfica tri-
dimensional de la columna vertebral humana que la simulan de
forma realista; esto puede suponer un avance importante para su
utilización en el perfeccionamiento del diagnóstico clínico. El sistema
desarrollado ha sido aplicado de forma práctica sobre una
muestra de pacientes afectados por diversos grados de escoliosis.
Actividad electromiográfica normal en la marcha humana
Authors: Lara Romero M.F. , Angulo Carrere Mª. T. , Llanos Alcázar L.F. 
Published: August 2020

La electromiografía dinámica es uno de los medios tecnológicos
usuales en el estudio del movimiento humano; esta técnica
determina cuándo un músculo está activo o inactivo. La revisión
de los datos aportados por la literatura y los dependientes de la
práctica confirman el complejo comportamiento muscular durante
la marcha. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una puesta al
día que aclare y establezca los parámetros normales de la actividad
muscular a lo largo del ciclo completo de la marcha. Los resultados
obtenidos demuestran la existencia de patrones normales
electromiográficos, a partir de los cuales se establecen variaciones
interindividuales dentro de la normalidad.
Prótesis total de cadera con disco a compresión (PDC)
Authors: Merino E. J. , Higuera J. , López Acevedo G. , Prieto J. M. , Ramos M. 
Published: August 2020

Se describe en este trabajo, un implante protésico total no
cementado de cadera, sin anclaje intramedular. Se estudia la
biomecánica de la articulación de la cadera, de los implantes
endomedulares y se marcan las características de la prótesis
PDC: transmisión de las fuerzas resultantes de la cadera directamente
al hueso cortical media1 del cuello femoral y la ausencia
de manipulación del canal medular. Por último se realiza una
somera descripción de la técnica de implantación.
Características musculares y producción de fuerza máxima/explosiva durante acciones isométricas/dinámicas de los músculos extensores de los miembros inferiores en jóvenes no entrenados
Authors: Izquierdo M. , Aguado X. , González J. L. , López J. L. , Ribas T. , Linares F. , Vila L. , Voces J. A. , Álvarez A. I. , Prieto J. G. 
Published: August 2020

Participaron en el estudio, de forma voluntaria cinco sujetos de sexo masculino, estudiantes de educación Física (22-26 años). El objetivo fue observar las relaciones entre el test de salto horizontal con los tests de salto vertical con contramovimiento y con flexión previa, tests de fuerza isométrica máxima y la distribución de los tipos de fibras musculares.
Los resultados en la distancia y altura de vuelo conseguidas en los tests de salto horizontal, salto desde flexión previa sin contramovimiento y salto con contramovimiento fueron respectivamente 2,53 m ± 0,17, 0,32 m ± 0,05 y 0,40 m ± 0,05. No se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre las fibras tipo I, tipo IIA y tipo IIB y los tests realizados. Tampoco se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre la máxima fuerza, la pendiente de fuerza isométrica y entre la distancia y alturas de salto. Por otro lado, tampoco se encontraron correlaciones entre la fuerza y la potencia en el salto horizontal (2,53 B W ± 0,17 y 63,4 W/kg ± 5,4, respectivamente) y la distancia lograda.
El test de fuerza isométrica máxima se realizó con dos diferentes ángulos de flexión de rodillas: 90" y 120". Tanto el pico de máxima fuerza isométrica como la máxima pendiente de desarrollo de la fuerza fueron superiores al realizar el test con una flexión de rodillas de 120" (2268 N ± 576 y 8962 N/s ± 1945 frente a 1538 N ± 300 y 7398 N/s ± 1557 con 90" de flexión). Por último, no se encontraron relaciones significativas entre la fuerza isométrica máxima y la fuerza explosiva en acciones dinámicas.
Calidad y cualidad del titanio para su uso en cirugía ortopédica
Authors: Melini de Paz F. 
Published: August 2020

Puesto que en los momentos actuales se está usando el titanio de manera habitual como componente de todas las endoprótesis, y de manera cada vez más importante se está incluyendo en la fabricación de los implantes de osteosíntesis y estabilización osteoarticular, es necesario que los cirujanos ortopédicos nos acerquemos al conocimiento de sus bondades o de sus inconvenientes.
Tratamos por ello de situarlo en sus coordenadas de aplicación clínica, resaltando sus virtudes en los aspectos biomecánicos, en las garantías de biocompatibilidad que permiten que se pueda realizar por parte del hueso receptor el fenómeno de la osteointegración, y en general en la respuesta del huésped ante este metal no desde el punto de vista de la unión al mismo, sino de las reacciones adversas o no, que pueda ocasionar sistémica o localmente. Desde el punto de vista biomecánico, su ductilidad y resistencia y su gran capacidad de autorreparación por el mecanismo de la pasivación inmediata anulando por tanto el fenómeno corrosivo, son sus mejores credenciales. Biológicamente, su compatibilidad con el medio que lo recibe permitiendo el crecimiento hístico a su alrededor sin interferirlo, junto a su baja o nula capacidad de reacción a cuerpo extraño y mucho menos en la producción de fenómenos de sensibilidad son las otras características que avalan su uso. Como material endoprotésico, junto a indudables constataciones clínicas y de laboratorio que le sitúan como el mejor metal proosteointegración, otras tratan de encontrar sombras para su empleo.
Smart vibration control of structures with unknown structural parameters using integratedvirtual synchronization method/linear‐quadratic regulatorapproach
Authors: Ghaderi Pedram , Goshtaei Seyed Matin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAlthough vibration control and health monitoring of structures have been treated separately in recent years, it will be beneficial to integrate these two systems and develop a smart structure with its own sensors, processors, and actuators. In this article, an integrated virtual synchronization method/linear‐quadratic regulator (VSM/LQR) approach for system identification and vibration control of structures with unknown physical parameters is proposed. First, based on the measured state of the structure, the unknown structural parameters are estimated using the VSM in a relatively short duration. The estimated parameters are then employed to determine optimal control forces for the purpose of the vibration control. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach are numerically examined through the time‐history analysis of two shear‐type frames with unknown stiffness coefficients. The results from the numerical investigation of the example structures demonstrate that the proposed method is effective in the vibration attenuation of structures with unknown parameters. Moreover, it was shown that the proposed VSM/LQR approach is more promising for addressing unknown structural parameters than the recursive least square method and conventional LQR method.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Carbohalogenative 1,2‐Difunctionalization of C−C Multiple Bonds
Authors: Bag Debojyoti , Mahajan Shivangani , Sawant Sanghapal D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTransition‐metal‐catalyzed 1,2‐carbohalo‐functionalization reactions of C−C multiple bonds have emerged rapidly over the past decade as a powerful tool for generating a new carbon‐carbon and carbon‐halogen bond via transposition of an existing carbon‐halogen σ bond. Exploring this highly efficient mode of carbon‐carbon multiple bond difunctionalization, various research groups have established novel strategies for the synthesis of organohalides by utilizing wide variety of transition metal catalysts under mild reaction conditions, avoiding stoichiometric waste of by‐products, and with improved levels of chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselectivities. Most of the 1,2‐carbohalo‐functionalization reactions involve either the carbon‐halogen reductive elimination mechanism or the atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) mechanism. This review summarizes the recent progress in the area of transition‐metal‐catalyzed intra‐ and intermolecular 1,2‐carbohalo‐functionalization reactions of carbon‐carbon multiple bonds and explicates the underlying potentiality and challenges within the field.magnified image
IRF4 in Skeletal Muscle Regulates Exercise Capacity via PTG/Glycogen Pathway
Authors: Zhu Xiaopeng , Yao Ting , Wang Ru , Guo Shanshan , Wang Xin , Zhou Zhenqi , Zhang Yan , Zhuo Xiaozhen , Wang Ruitao , Li John Zhong , Liu Tiemin , Kong Xingxing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractExercise‐induced fatigue and exhaustion are interesting areas for many researchers. Muscle glycogen is critical for physical performance. However, how glycogen metabolism is manipulated during exercise is not very clear. The aim here is to assess the impact of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) on skeletal muscle glycogen and subsequent regulation of exercise capacity. Skeletal muscle‐specific IRF4 knockout mice show normal body weight and insulin sensitivity, but better exercise capacity and increased glycogen content with unaltered triglyceride levels compared to control mice on chow diet. In contrast, mice overexpression of IRF4 displays decreased exercise capacity and lower glycogen content. Mechanistically, IRF4 regulates glycogen‐associated regulatory subunit protein targeting to glycogen (PTG) to manipulate glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle. Knockdown of PTG can reverse the effects imposed by the absence of IRF4 in vivo. These studies reveal a regulatory pathway including IRF4/PTG/glycogen synthesis on controlling exercise capacity.
Immediate and 6‐week after effects of a rehabilitation program for Ehlers–Danlos syndrome hypermobile type patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Hakimi Adrien , Bergoin Cyrille , Mucci Patrick 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEhlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of inherited connective tissue disorders with an impaired quality of life in association with fatigue, pain, and kinesiophobia. A retrospective evaluation of the effects of an outpatient rehabilitation program (RP) was performed in Ehlers–Danlos syndrome hypermobile type (hEDS) patients. The 6‐minute walk test (6MWT) was used to evaluate functional capacity. Kinesiophobia, fatigue, pain, and quality of life were self‐evaluated at the start, at the end, and 6 weeks after the end of the RP. The retrospective analysis of patients' records showed significant improvement for the walked distance during the 6MWT (491.8 ± 72.5 vs. 439.4 ± 100.9 m) maintained at 6‐week follow‐up (p = .001), significant improvement for kinesiophobia (p = .033) and the impact of fatigue on activity (p = .01), and significant increase for quality of life with in particular improvements of vitality (p = .001). This retrospective study showed encouraging results of a RP for hEDS patients on functional capacity and quality of life, and prospective studies with long‐term follow‐up are needed to confirm them.
Natural and Synthetic Spirobutenolides and Spirobutyrolactones
Authors: Yadav Pratik , Pratap Ramendra , Ji Ram Vishnu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSpirobutenolides and spirobutyrolactones structural motifs are widespread in various natural products that exhibit a broad array of biological activities. Additionally, their synthetic analogues also serve as biologically active compounds and building blocks of complex molecules. Owing to the wide range of pharmacological activities and structural diversity of the spirobutenolides and spirobutyrolactones, various efficient synthetic methodologies have been established to construct such interesting scaffolds. In the past decades, numerous total syntheses of spirobutenolides and spirobutyrolactones containing natural products have been reported. Structurally diverse spirobutenolides and spirobutyrolactones have been synthesized by using singlet oxygen, Mannich reaction, aldol condensation, rearrangement reaction, Reformatsky reaction, Michael‐addition cyclization, Diels‐Alder reaction, photocyclization reaction, and pericyclic reactions. Recently, metal‐catalyzed cyclization, photocatalyzed radical cyclization, Baylis‐Hillman reaction, asymmetric organocatalysis, NHC catalysis, ring contraction reactions, and hypervalent iodine catalysis have emerged as powerful tools to architect these nuclei. This review gives an overview of advancements in chemically and biologically relevant spirobutenolides and spirobutyrolactones of natural and synthetic origin. It also covers the newer methodologies for the construction of natural as well as synthetic spirobutenolides and spirobutyrolactones along with their potential applications.
Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions for the Construction of Carbon‐Heteroatom Bonds
Authors: Zhang Juan , Wang Siyu , Zhang Yun , Feng Zhang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCarbon‐heteroatom bonds are ubiquitous among pesticides, pharmaceutical agents, and natural products. In recent years, significant progress has been made in transition‐metal‐catalyzed carbon‐heteroatom bond formation. Especially, iron‐catalyzed reactions have become a focused area in organic chemistry owing to their advantages of low cost, economical and environmental benignity. This review intends to summarize the recent advances in the construction of carbon‐heteroatom bonds via cross‐coupling reactions using iron as a catalyst, including the formation of C−N, C−O, C−S, C−B, and C−Si bonds. A series of nucleophilic heteroatoms reagents, reaction classifications, and iron catalytic systems are discussed. In addition, some mechanistic studies have also been described.
Protein‐Controlled Actuation of Dynamic Nucleic Acid Networks by Using Synthetic DNA Translators**
Authors: Bertucci Alessandro , Porchetta Alessandro , Del Grosso Erica , Patiño Tania , Idili Andrea , Ricci Francesco 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntegrating dynamic DNA nanotechnology with protein‐controlled actuation will expand our ability to process molecular information. We have developed a strategy to actuate strand displacement reactions using DNA‐binding proteins by engineering synthetic DNA translators that convert specific protein‐binding events into trigger inputs through a programmed conformational change. We have constructed synthetic DNA networks responsive to two different DNA‐binding proteins, TATA‐binding protein and Myc‐Max, and demonstrated multi‐input activation of strand displacement reactions. We achieved protein‐controlled regulation of a synthetic RNA and of an enzyme through artificial DNA‐based communication, showing the potential of our molecular system in performing further programmable tasks.
Direct Nanomachining on Semiconductor Wafer By Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Authors: Han Lianhuan , Hu Zhenjiang , Sartin Matthew M. , Wang Xiaole , Zhao Xuesen , Cao Yongzhi , Yan Yongda , Zhan Dongping , Tian Zhong‐Qun 
Published: August 2020

AbstractScanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is one of the most important instrumental methods of modern electrochemistry due to its high spatial and temporal resolution. We introduced SECM into nanomachining by feeding the electrochemical modulations of the tip electrode back to the positioning system, and we demonstrated that SECM is a versatile nanomachining technique on semiconductor wafers using electrochemically induced chemical etching. The removal profile was correlated to the applied tip current when the tip was held stationary and when it was moving slowly (<20 μm s−1), and it followed Faraday's law. Both regular and irregular nanopatterns were translated into a spatially distributed current by the homemade digitally controlled SECM instrument. The desired nanopatterns were “sculpted” directly on a semiconductor wafer by SECM direct‐writing mode. The machining accuracy was controlled to the sub‐micrometer and even nanometer scales. This advance is expected to play an important role in electrochemical nanomachining for 3D micro/nanostructures in the semiconductor industry.
Recurrent massive pulmonary emboli in a critically ill patient with COVID‐19
Authors: Aaron L. , Welch M. , Shah A. , Thomas T. , McKechnie S. R. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryWe report the haematological management of a critically ill patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), with recurrent massive pulmonary emboli. A previous healthy 56‐year‐old man presented to the emergency department with severe hypoxaemic respiratory failure due to suspected COVID‐19. He required invasive mechanical ventilation and transfer to the intensive care unit for increasing ventilatory requirements and cardiovascular instability. A computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiogram demonstrated large bilateral pulmonary emboli with right heart strain, for which he received intravenous systemic thrombolysis followed by therapeutic weight‐adjusted anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin (dalteparin). Two weeks later, following an acute respiratory deterioration, a repeat CT pulmonary angiogram demonstrated a new saddle embolus with right heart strain requiring another regime of intravenous systemic thrombolysis. This occurred despite anti‐Xa‐guided therapeutic anticoagulation. The dose of therapeutic dalteparin was increased incrementally to an eventual dose of 12,500 units twice daily. A low threshold for radiological imaging should be considered in all COVID‐19 patients with acute cardiorespiratory deterioration. Multidisciplinary team discussions highlighted aspects of balancing the risks of bleeding from anticoagulation vs. risk of death from pulmonary embolism. This report highlights the need for further research into the underlying mechanisms and optimal management of thrombotic complications in COVID‐19.
Species complex delimitations in the genus Hedychium: A machine learning approach for cluster discovery
Authors: Saryan Preeti , Gupta Shubham , Gowda Vinita 
Published: August 2020

PremiseStatistical methods used by most morphologists to validate species boundaries (such as principal component analysis [PCA] and non‐metric multidimensional scaling [nMDS]) are limiting because these methods are mostly used as visualization methods, and because the groups are identified by taxonomists (i.e., supervised), adding human bias. Here, we use a spectral clustering algorithm for the unsupervised discovery of species boundaries followed by the analysis of the cluster‐defining characters.MethodsWe used spectral clustering, nMDS, and PCA on 16 morphological characters within the genus Hedychium to group 93 individuals from 10 taxa. A radial basis function kernel was used for the spectral clustering with user‐specified tuning values (gamma). The goodness of the discovered clusters using each gamma value was quantified using eigengap, a normalized mutual information score, and the Rand index. Finally, mutual information–based character selection and a t‐test were used to identify cluster‐defining characters.ResultsSpectral clustering revealed five, nine, and 12 clusters of taxa in the species complexes examined here. Character selection identified at least four characters that defined these clusters.DiscussionTogether with our proposed character analysis methods, spectral clustering enabled the unsupervised discovery of species boundaries along with an explanation of their biological significance. Our results suggest that spectral clustering combined with a character selection analysis can enhance morphometric analyses and is superior to current clustering methods for species delimitation.
Recognition of Latin scientific names using artificial neural networks
Authors: Little Damon P. 
Published: August 2020

PremiseThe automated recognition of Latin scientific names within vernacular text has many applications, including text mining, search indexing, and automated specimen‐label processing. Most published solutions are computationally inefficient, incapable of running within a web browser, and focus on texts in English, thus omitting a substantial portion of biodiversity literature.Methods and ResultsAn open‐source browser‐executable solution, Quaesitor, is presented here. It uses pattern matching (regular expressions) in combination with an ensembled classifier composed of an inclusion dictionary search (Bloom filter), a trio of complementary neural networks that differ in their approach to encoding text, and word length to automatically identify Latin scientific names in the 16 most common languages for biodiversity articles.ConclusionsIn combination, the classifiers can recognize Latin scientific names in isolation or embedded within the languages used for >96% of biodiversity literature titles. For three different data sets, they resulted in a 0.80–0.97 recall and a 0.69–0.84 precision at a rate of 8.6 ms/word.
Digitally deconstructing leaves in 3D using X‐ray microcomputed tomography and machine learning
Authors: Théroux‐Rancourt Guillaume , Jenkins Matthew R. , Brodersen Craig R. , McElrone Andrew , Forrestel Elisabeth J. , Earles J. Mason 
Published: August 2020

PremiseX‐ray microcomputed tomography (microCT) can be used to measure 3D leaf internal anatomy, providing a holistic view of tissue organization. Previously, the substantial time needed for segmenting multiple tissues limited this technique to small data sets, restricting its utility for phenotyping experiments and limiting our confidence in the inferences of these studies due to low replication numbers.Methods and ResultsWe present a Python codebase for random forest machine learning segmentation and 3D leaf anatomical trait quantification that dramatically reduces the time required to process single‐leaf microCT scans into detailed segmentations. By training the model on each scan using six hand‐segmented image slices out of >1500 in the full leaf scan, it achieves >90% accuracy in background and tissue segmentation.ConclusionsOverall, this 3D segmentation and quantification pipeline can reduce one of the major barriers to using microCT imaging in high‐throughput plant phenotyping.