bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic history has shaped the strongly differentiated corkwing wrasse populations in Northern Europe
Authors: Mattingsdal Morten , Jorde Per Erik , Knutsen Halvor , Jentoft Sissel , Stenseth Nils Christian , Sodeland Marte , Robalo Joana I. , Hansen Michael M. , André Carl , Blanco Gonzalez Enrique 
Published: November 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the biological processes involved in genetic differentiation and divergence between populations within species is a pivotal aim in evolutionary biology. One particular phenomenon that requires clarification is the maintenance of genetic barriers despite the high potential for gene flow in the marine environment. Such patterns have been attributed to limited dispersal or local adaptation, and to a lesser extent to the demographic history of the species. The corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) is an example of a marine fish species where regions of particular strong divergence are observed. One such genetic break occurred at a surprisingly small spatial scale (FST ~0.1), over a short coastline (<60 km) in the North Sea‐Skagerrak transition area in southwestern Norway. Here, we investigate the observed divergence and purported reproductive isolation using genome resequencing. Our results suggest that historical events during the post‐glacial recolonization route can explain the present population structure of the corkwing wrasse in the northeast Atlantic. While the divergence across the break is strong, we detected ongoing gene flow between populations over the break suggesting recent contact or negative selection against hybrids. Moreover, we found few outlier loci and no clear genomic regions potentially being under selection. We concluded that neutral processes and random genetic drift e.g., due to founder events during colonization have shaped the population structure in this species in Northern Europe. Our findings underline the need to take into account the demographic process in studies of divergence processes.
Two ectomycorrhizal truffles, Tuber melanosporum and T. aestivum, endophytically colonise roots of non‐ectomycorrhizal plants in natural environments
Authors: Schneider‐Maunoury Laure , Deveau Aurélie , Moreno Myriam , Todesco Flora , Belmondo Simone , Murat Claude , Courty Pierre‐Emmanuel , Jąkalski Marcin , Selosse Marc‐André 
Published: November 2019

Summary

Serendipitous findings and studies on Tuber species suggest that some ectomycorrhizal fungi, beyond their complex interaction with ectomycorrhizal hosts, also colonise roots of nonectomycorrhizal plants in a loose way called endophytism. Here, we investigate endophytism of T. melanosporum and T. aestivum.
We visualised endophytic T. melanosporum hyphae by fluorescent in situ hybridisation on nonectomycorrhizal plants. For the two Tuber species, microsatellite genotyping investigated the endophytic presence of the individuals whose mating produced nearby ascocarps. We quantified the expression of four T. aestivum genes in roots of endophyted, non‐ectomycorrhizal plants.
Tuber melanosporum hyphae colonised the apoplast of healthy roots, confirming endophytism. Endophytic Tuber melanosporum and T. aestivum contributed to nearby ascocarps, but only as maternal parents (forming the flesh). Paternal individuals (giving only genes found in meiotic spores of ascocarps) were not detected. Gene expression of T. aestivum in non‐ectomycorrhizal plants confirmed a living status.
Tuber species, and likely other ectomycorrhizal fungi found in nonectomycorrhizal plant roots in this study, can be root endophytes. This is relevant for the ecology (brûlé formation) and commercial production of truffles. Evolutionarily speaking, endophytism may be an ancestral trait in some ectomycorrhizal fungi that evolved from root endophytes.
The controversial natural history of oral herpes simplex virus type 1 infection
Authors: Petti Stefano , Lodi Giovanni 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe natural history of oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) infection in the immunocompetent host is complex and rich in controversial phenomena, namely the role of unapparent transmission in primary infection acquisition, the high frequency of asymptomatic primary and recurrent infections, the lack of immunogenicity of HSV‐1 internalized in the soma (cell body) of the sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion, the lytic activity of HSV‐1 in the soma of neurons that is inhibited in the sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglion and often uncontrolled in the other neurons, the role of keratin in promoting the development of recurrence episodes in immunocompetent hosts, the virus–host Nash equilibrium, the paradoxical HSV‐1‐seronegative individuals who shed HSV‐1 through saliva, the limited efficacy of anti‐HSV vaccines, and why the oral route of infection is the least likely to produce severe complications. The natural history of oral HSV‐1 infection is also a history of symbiosis between humans and virus that may switch from mutualism to parasitism and vice versa. This balance is typical of microorganisms that are highly coevolved with humans, and its knowledge is essential to oral healthcare providers to perform adequate diagnosis and provide proper individual‐based HSV‐1 infection therapy.
DKK1 and TNF‐alpha influence osteogenic differentiation of adBMP9‐infected‐rDFCs
Authors: Li Xinyue , Chen Dongcai , Jing Xueqin , Li Conghua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectivesRat dental follicle cells (rDFCs) function as precursor cells of periodontal tissues. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP9) plays an important role in proliferation and differentiation. Tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐alpha) is an important contributor to bone resorption. Wnt canonical pathway can be inhibited by Dickkopf 1 (DKK1). The aim of the study was to enhance the osteogenesis of BMP9 treated rDFCs in an inflammatory environment and elucidate the mechanism.Materials and MethodsrDFCs were infected by adenoviruses expressing BMP9 (adBMP9). Expression levels of proteins and genes were measured by Western blotting and qPCR. The effect on osteogenesis was evaluated by measuring the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), observation of Alizarin Red S and haematoxylin and eosin staining.ResultsTNF‐alpha activated the canonical Wnt pathway and inhibited the non‐canonical pathway. DKK1 suppressed the canonical pathway and promoted the non‐canonical pathway. Addition of TNF‐alpha or DKK1 inhibited BMP9/Smad pathway. However, this inhibition was reduced by the addition of DKK1 with TNF‐alpha.ConclusionsDKK1 reduces the inhibitory effects of TNF‐alpha in adBMP9‐infected‐rDFCs, possibly through interaction with the Smad signalling pathway and Wnt pathways. These findings may lead to a novel approach for the treatment of periodontitis‐related alveolar bone defects.
Addressing the risk domain in the long‐term management of pediatric asthma
Authors: Hamelmann Eckard , von Mutius Erika , Bush Andrew , Szefler Stanley J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere is growing concern regarding the long‐term outcomes of early and poorly controlled childhood asthma, either of which can potentially lead to the development of severe asthma in adults and irrecoverable loss of lung function leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These outcomes of inadequately controlled asthma should prompt a change in practice to better and/or earlier identify children at risk of adverse respiratory outcomes of asthma, to monitor disease progression, and to design intervention strategies that could either prevent or reverse asthma progression in children. The careful follow‐up of spirometry over time—in the form of lung function trajectories, the application of biomarkers to assist in the diagnosis of early asthma and medication selection for these patients, as well as methods to identify patients at risk of asthma attacks—can be used to develop individualized management strategies for children with asthma. It is now time for asthma specialists to communicate this information to patients, parents, and primary care physicians and to incorporate them into routine clinical assessments of children with asthma. In time, these concepts of risk management and prevention can be refined to provide a more comprehensive approach to asthma care so as to prevent adverse respiratory outcomes from poorly controlled childhood asthma.
Derivation and validation of an equation to determine the optimal ventilator setting in children undergoing intracranial revascularization surgery: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Kohara Jumpei , Dong Li , Takeda Chikashi , Shiraki Atsuko , Fukagawa Hiroshi , Mizota Toshiyuki 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt can be difficult to determine the appropriate ventilator settings to maintain normocapnia in children undergoing general anesthesia for surgery for moyamoya disease, especially immediately following anesthesia induction.AimWe conducted this study to attempt to derive an equation to predict the appropriate ventilator settings and subsequently validated the accuracy of the equation.MethodsA retrospective study of 91 pediatric patients less than 18 years of age who underwent cerebral revascularization for moyamoya disease at our institution. Fifty‐eight patients were used to derive the equation, and the subsequent 33 patients were used to validate the equation. We calculated the required respiratory rate to attain normocapnia based on the median of all values of the minute volume during normocapnia (estimated partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide of 38‐42 mm Hg) and the assumption that the tidal volume was 8 mL/kg body weight. We derived the regression equation from the derivation data set where the required respiratory rate to attain normocapnia was represented by age. We simplified the equation by rounding coefficients to the nearest integer. The level of agreement between the respiratory rate predicted from the equation and the actual required respiratory rate was assessed in the validation group using Bland‐Altman analysis.ResultsThe derived equation is tidal volume = 8 mL/kg body weight, respiratory rate = 24‐age/min. Bland‐Altman analysis in the validation group revealed that the mean bias between the predicted and actual respiratory rate was 0.29 (standard deviation, 3.67). The percentage of cases where the predicted rate was within ± 10% and ± 20% of the actual rate was 42.4% and 66.7%, respectively.ConclusionsWe derived and validated a simple and easily applicable equation to predict the ventilator settings required to attain normocapnia during general anesthesia in children with moyamoya disease.
A membrane‐associated NAC transcription factor OsNTL3 is involved in thermotolerance in rice
Authors: Liu Xue‐Huan , Lyu Yu‐Shu , Yang Weiping , Yang Zheng‐Ting , Lu Sun‐Jie , Liu Jian‐Xiang 
Published: November 2019

SummaryHeat stress induces misfolded protein accumulation in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which initiates the unfolded protein response (UPR) in plants. Previous work has demonstrated the important role of a rice ER membrane‐associated transcription factor OsbZIP74 (also known as OsbZIP50) in UPR. However, how OsbZIP74 and other membrane‐associated transcription factors are involved in heat stress tolerance in rice is not reported. In the current study, we discovered that OsNTL3 is required for heat stress tolerance in rice. OsNTL3 is constitutively expressed and up‐regulated by heat and ER stresses. OsNTL3 encodes a NAC transcription factor with a predicted C‐terminal transmembrane domain. GFP‐OsNTL3 relocates from plasma membrane to nucleus in response to heat stress and ER stress inducers. Loss‐of‐function mutation of OsNTL3 confers heat sensitivity while inducible expression of the truncated form of OsNTL3 without the transmembrane domain increases heat tolerance in rice seedlings. RNA‐Seq analysis revealed that OsNTL3 regulates the expression of genes involved in ER protein folding and other processes. Interestingly, OsNTL3 directly binds to OsbZIP74 promoter and regulates its expression in response to heat stress. In turn, up‐regulation of OsNTL3 by heat stress is dependent on OsbZIP74. Thus, our work reveals the important role of OsNTL3 in thermotolerance, and a regulatory circuit mediated by OsbZIP74 and OsNTL3 in communications among ER, plasma membrane and nucleus under heat stress conditions.
TaDA1, a conserved negative regulator of kernel size, has an additive effect with TaGW2 in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Liu Hong , Li Huifang , Hao Chenyang , Wang Ke , Wang Yamei , Qin Lin , An Diaoguo , Li Tian , Zhang Xueyong 
Published: November 2019

SummaryKernel size is an important trait determining cereal yields. In this study, we cloned and characterized TaDA1, a conserved negative regulator of kernel size in wheat (Triticum aestivum). The overexpression of TaDA1 decreased the size and weight of wheat kernels, while its down‐regulation using RNA interference (RNAi) had the opposite effect. Three TaDA1‐A haplotypes were identified in Chinese wheat core collections, and a haplotype association analysis showed that TaDA1‐A‐HapI was significantly correlated with the production of larger kernels and higher kernel weights in modern Chinese cultivars. The haplotype effect resulted from a difference in TaDA1‐A expression levels between genotypes, with TaDA1‐A‐HapI resulting in lower TaDA1‐A expression levels. This favourable haplotype was found having been positively selected during wheat breeding over the last century. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TaDA1‐A physically interacts with TaGW2‐B. The additive effects of TaDA1‐A and TaGW2‐B on kernel weight were confirmed not only by the phenotypic enhancement arising from the simultaneous down‐regulation of TaDA1 and TaGW2 expression, but also by the combinational haplotype effects estimated from multi‐environment field data from 348 wheat cultivars. A comparative proteome analysis of developing transgenic and wild‐type grains indicated that TaDA1 and TaGW2 are involved in partially overlapping but relatively independent protein regulatory networks. Thus, we have identified an important gene controlling kernel size in wheat and determined its interaction with other genes regulating kernel weight, which could have beneficial applications in wheat breeding.
Photobiomodulation Therapy for Attenuating the Dystrophic Phenotype of Mdx Mice
Authors: Macedo Aline Barbosa , Mizobuti Daniela Sayuri , Hermes Tulio de Almeida , Mâncio Rafael Dias , Pertille Adriana , Kido Larissa Akemi , Cagnon Valéria Helena Alves , Minatel Elaine 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThis study analyzed photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) effects on regenerative, antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory and angiogenic markers in the dystrophic skeletal muscle of mdx mice, the experimental model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), during the acute phase of dystrophy disease. The following groups were set up: Ctrl (control group of normal wild‐type mice; C57BL/10); mdx (untreated mdx mice); mdxPred (mdx mice treated with prednisolone) and mdxLA (mdx mice treated with PBMT). The PBMT was carried out using an Aluminum Gallium Arsenide (AIGaAs; IBRAMED® laserpulse) diode, 830 nm wavelength, applied on the dystrophic quadriceps muscle. The mdxLA group showed a degenerative and regenerative area reduction simultaneously with a MyoD level increase, ROS production and inflammatory marker reduction and up‐regulation in the VEGF factor. In addition, PBMT presented similar effects to prednisolone treatment in most of the parameters analyzed. In conclusion, our results indicate that PBMT in the parameters selected attenuated the dystrophic phenotype of mdx mice, improving skeletal muscle regeneration; reducing the oxidative stress and inflammatory process; and up‐regulating the angiogenic marker.
Mechanistic Studies on the Salicylate‐Catalyzed Peroxyoxalate Chemiluminescence in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Cabello Maidileyvis C. , Souza Glalci A. , Bello Liena V. , Baader Wilhelm J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe peroxyoxalate reaction is one of the most efficient chemiluminescence transformations known and the only system occurring by an intermolecular chemically initiated electron exchange luminescence (CIEEL) mechanism with confirmed high quantum yields. The peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (PO‐CL) is mainly studied in anhydrous organic medium; however, for bioanalytical application, it should be performed in aqueous media. In the present work, we study the peroxyoxalate system in a binary 1,2‐dimethoxyethane/water mixture with bis(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl) oxalate (TCPO), bis(4‐methylphenyl) oxalate (BMePO) and bis[2‐(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl] oxalate (DMO), catalyzed by sodium salicylate, in the presence of rhodamine 6G as activator. Reproducible kinetic results are obtained for all systems; emission decay rate constants depend on the salicylate as well as hydrogen peroxide concentration, and the occurrence of a specific base catalysis is verified. Although singlet quantum yields determined are lower than in anhydrous media in comparable conditions, they are still considerably high and adequate for analytical applications. The highest singlet quantum yields are obtained for the “ecologically friendly” derivative DMO indicating that this derivative might be the most adequate substrate for the use of the peroxyoxalate system in bioanalytical applications.
Emplacement of massive deposits by sheet flow
Authors: Hernandez‐Moreira Ricardo , Jafarinik Sadegh , Sanders Sydney , Kendall Christopher G. St. C. , Parker Gary , Viparelli Enrica 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTurbidity current and coastal storm deposits are commonly characterized by a basal sandy massive (structureless) unit overlying an erosional surface and underlying a parallel or cross‐laminated unit. Similar sequences have been recently identified in fluvial settings as well. Notwithstanding field, laboratory and numerical studies, the mechanisms for emplacement of these massive basal units are still under debate. It is well accepted that the sequence considered here can be deposited by waning‐energy flows, and that the parallel‐laminated units are deposited under transport conditions corresponding to upper plane bed at the dune–antidune transition. Thus, transport conditions that are more intense than those at the dune–antidune transition should deposit massive units. This study presents experimental, open‐channel flow results showing that sandy massive units can be the result of gradual deposition from a thick bedload layer of colliding grains called sheet flow layer. When this layer forms with relatively coarse sand, the non‐dimensional bed shear stress associated with skin friction, the Shields number, is larger than a threshold value approximately equal to 0·4. For values of the Shields number smaller than 0·4 the sheet flow layer disappeared, sediment was transported by a standard bedload layer one or two grain diameters thick, and the bed configuration was characterized by downstream migrating antidunes and washed out dunes. Parallel laminae were found in deposits emplaced with standard bedload transport demonstrating that the same dilute flow can gradually deposit the basal and the parallel‐laminated unit in presence of traction at the depositional boundary. Further, the experiments suggested that two different types of upper plane bed conditions can be defined, one associated with standard bedload transport at the dune–antidune transition, and the other associated with bedload transport in sheet flow mode at the transition between upstream and downstream migrating antidunes.
Is there a role played by HLA‐E, if any, in HPV immune evasion?
Authors: Franciosi Jackline Rachel , Gelmini Georgia Fernanda , Roxo Valeria Sperandio , de Carvalho Newton Sergio , Bicalho Maria da Graça 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCervical cancer incidence worldwide exceeds half a million new cases per year. The human papillomavirus (HPV) being the major causative agent of CC uses a variety of strategies to evade immune surveillance, where the immune status varies amongst individuals. This immune evasion altered by HPV is reflected in persistent infections, causing the evolution of cervical neoplasia. The role of the immune system in viral recognition and elimination is of extreme relevance in the development of CC. The interactions of the HLA‐E ligand in the target cell along with CD94/NKG2 receptors, which are expressed predominantly, but not exclusively, on NK cells’ surface, are responsible for activating or inhibiting cytotoxic activity according to their function. The engagement between HLA‐E and CD94/NKG2 molecules is one of the fundamental surveillance mechanisms in patients with CIN I, II and III, where HLA‐E expression increases significantly, especially in HPV 16 and 18 infections. Higher HLA‐E expression was observed in most histopathological types of CC, and at the same time was correlated to best survival of the patient. This review aims to summarize and discuss the immunological role of HLA‐E in the context of HPV infection and immune system evasion, and the oncogenic process of cervical cancer.
Cross‐regulation by TLR4 and T cell Ig mucin‐3 determines severity of liver injury in a CCl4‐induced mouse model
Authors: Zhao Lizhen , Liang Jie , Rao Wei , Cui Mengli , Ren Shurong , Zhang Li , Xu Dan , Han Qi , Zang Yun‐jin , Zhang Bei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAcute liver injury is a common pathological basis for a variety of acute liver diseases in the clinic, which can eventually lead to liver fibrosis and even liver failure. In this study, we found that T cell Ig and mucin domain protein 3 (Tim‐3) and TLR4 receptors play important roles in CCl4‐induced acute liver injury. Tim‐3 is a negative regulator that is expressed by T cells and macrophages. Using antibodies against Tim‐3 (anti‐Tim‐3 Ab), we studied the Tim‐3 signal in an animal model of acute liver injury and found that a large number of inflammatory factors were upregulated. In vitro experimental data shown that anti‐Tim‐3 Ab treatment increased interferon‐ɣ production by concanavalin A (ConA)‐stimulated spleen T cells, and we found that the expression level of interleukin (IL)‐6 was increased in a macrophage/spleen T cell coculture system, while administration of galectin‐9 (Gal‐9, a Tim‐3 ligand) reduced the IL‐6 production. This indicates the importance of the Tim‐3/Gal‐9 signalling pathway in maintaining hepatic homeostasis. The Tim‐3 signalling pathway inhibits TLR4‐mediated NF‐κB activity, and an anti‐Tim‐3 Ab does not affect the liver injury in TLR4‐deficient mice. Regulation between Tim‐3 and TLR4 determines the severity of liver damage. The negative regulation of Tim‐3 reflects the protective mechanisms of patients with impaired liver function, and these results provide important information about innate and adaptive responses in the regulation of liver damage. This finding is potentially important for the study of early liver injury.