bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical profile of dengue patients: A hospital based study
Authors: Chaudhary Vinod , Khamkar Anil , Tiwari Manish , Suryawanshi Amol 
Published: June 2020

Context: For most of the patients, dengue is a self-limiting viral fever, but in some patients, it results in a life threatening condition called as dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. Objective: We attempted to determine the common and atypical clinical and laboratory features in children suffering from dengue fever, which will help in early diagnosis and management of patients suffering from dengue infection. Design: Hospital based descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted from January 2014 to December2014. Setting: Tertiary referral teaching hospital. Patients: All patients between 1-month and 12 years admitted in pediatric ward with symptoms suggestive of dengue and who turn out to be positive for NS1 antigen alone or NS1 and immunoglobulin M antibody against dengue were included in the study. Data regarding relevant history and clinical examination and outcome and relevant investigations were collected. Results: Of 250 children included in the study, 145 (58%) were male and 105 (42%) were female. The most commonpresenting complaint was fever (92.8%), followed by abdominal pain (46.4%). The most common clinical sign was pyrexia followed by relative bradycardia (37.6%) and hypotension (26.4%). On laboratory investigation, the most common abnormality detected was leucopenia (81.6%) followed by thrombocytopenia (69.2%). Conclusion: A high index of suspicion is required on the part of treating pediatrician to diagnose dengue early and treat accordingly to prevent mortality due to dengue.
Oxytocin and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Abbas Shakib Shafi , James Jemila , Sreedevi N , Nair P M C 
Published: June 2020

Objective: To study the incidence of neonatal jaundice requiring phototherapy in babies exposed to maternal oxytocin for induction of labor and to compare the increase in neonatal jaundice in oxytocin group with the jaundice in babies born of spontaneous labor. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in the neonatal unit of a tertiary care center in Trivandrum, Kerala over a period of 6 months. After exclusion, 308 babies were divided in two groups, Group A (babies exposed to maternal oxytocin for induction of labor) or Group B (babies born of spontaneous labor with oxytocin use for augmentation of labor). Babies were observed daily for clinical jaundice till discharge. Results: Incidence of neonatal jaundice in Group A was 52% and in Group B was 12% with relative risk 4.3 (95% confidence interval: 2.69-6.73). Conclusion: Our study shows that maternal oxytocin used for induction of labor increase the incidence of neonatal jaundice, and it is logical to prevent hyperbilirubinemia by reducing the dose of oxytocin.
Infantile systemic hyalinosis: A case report
Authors: Shivappa Sanjay Kantharajapura , Murthy G R Rajashekar , Murthy D V Venkatesh , Srinivas S K 
Published: June 2020

Infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH) is a rare, progressive, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by connective tissue involvement as hyaline deposition in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, muscles, glands, and other organs. We report a child with this rare condition presenting with growth retardation, joint contractures, and intractable diarrhea. Though genetically analyzed, ISH still remains as a poorly understood disease raising concerns during diagnosis and treatment.
Religious restrictions and cultural taboos related to menstruation in adolescent girls: A school-based cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Varghese Manju Mary , James Saji , Ravichandran Latha , Sivaprakasam Elayaraja , Palaniyandi Anitha , Balaji Samantha 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The period of adolescence needs special attention because of the turmoil an adolescent faces at different stages of development, different circumstances and needs, and diverse problems. In India, there are multiple restrictions and taboos related to menstruation. In many communities, the mention of the topic is taboo even today. Objective: To evaluate the religious restrictions and other taboos practiced during menstruation by adolescent school girls. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conductedin four schools. Girls in the age group of 13-18 years, who have attained menarche and gave verbal consent to participate, were included in the study. A pre-designed, validated questionnaire that captured information on the cultural taboos practiced during menstruation was administered to the participants. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 15 and the percentage of menstral taboos that were practiced on average was determined. Factor analysis was done to determine the most practiced taboo. Results: A total of 1522 adolescent girls participated in the study. The average age of attaining menarche was 13.08±3.5 years. 81.2% (n=1236) of the participants, predominantly from the Hindu community, did not attend religious functions during menstruation. More than half of them (56.6%) did not sleep in their usual place during menstruation. 40.1% of them (n=611) were not allowed to enter the kitchen. 69.3% (n=1054) of the participants had restrictions on certain food items. Only 5.4% (n=82) of them did not go to school during menstruation. Factor analysis showed that the two most important factors contributing to the taboos were restrictions on religious functions and on sleeping in the same place. Menstrual taboos were prevalent more in younger and less-educated girls (p=0.037 and 0.000, respectively). Conclusion: Restrictions during menstruation are still prevalent in many communities. The two most important cultural taboos are sleep restrictions and religious restrictions. Cultural taboos are prevalent more among less-educated and younger adolescent girls.
Assessment of cardiac iron overload in multiply transfused thalassemic children using T2* weighted cardiac magnetic resonance
Authors: Chate Sambhaji Chandrakant , Manglani Mamta , Pate Mona , Jankharia Bhavin 
Published: June 2020

Background: Cardiac failure secondary to transfusional iron overload is the most common cause of death in patients with thalassemia. Early detection of myocardial iron deposition is necessary to prevent overt heart failure. Objective: Assessment of myocardial and hepatic iron deposition by T2* weighted magnetic resonance (MR). Materials and Methods: A total of 32 transfusion dependent thalassemic children were enrolled in a cross-sectional study conducted at thalassemia center in a teaching hospital. Gradient echo T2* MR was done in all patients for the assessment of myocardial and hepatic iron deposition. Results: Out of these 32 thalassemic patients studied, 21 (65.6%)were males and 11 (34.4%)were females. The mean age of the enrolled patients was 14.6 years (range 9-24 years). Out of 32 patients studied, cardiac iron deposition (cardiac T2* <20 ms)was present in 14 (43.8%)patients and was absent (cardiac T2* >20 ms)in the remaining 18 (56.3%)patients.The hepatic iron deposition was assessed by T2* MR in 31/32 patients. None of the patients had normal liver iron (hepatic T2* - more than 6.3 ms). Out of those 31 patients, 1 (3.2%)patients had mild (hepatic T2* - 6.3-2.7 ms), 17 (54.83%)patients had moderate (hepatic T2* - 2.7-1.4 ms), and 13 (41.93%)patients had severe (hepatic T2* - <1.4 ms)hepatic iron deposition. No significant correlation could be found between hepatic and cardiac T2* (p=0.415, Cramer’s V 0.313). The mean serum ferritin was 5202 ng/ml. No significant association wasfound between cardiac T2* and serum ferritin levels (p=0.270, Cramer’s V 0.350). Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between hepatic and cardiac iron deposition. Similarly, no correlation was seen between cardiac iron deposition and serum ferritin levels.
Determinants of survival of extremely low birth weight infants in a rural Nigerian Hospital
Authors: Babatunde O Kayode-Adedeji , Sylvester O Alikah , Irene E Akhige 
Published: June 2020

Background: Over 90% of the neonatal deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria. Prematurity is related to more than one-third of these deaths on a global scale; with the extremely low birth weight (ELBW) category having a 100-fold mortality risk compared to the normal birth weight infants. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the survival rates of ELBW infants and to identify the factors associated with survival in a rural hospital in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: All the neonates admitted to the unit weighing <1000 g at admission were enrolled. The birth place,gender, gestational age (GA), birth weight, postnatal age, temperature, blood sugar at admission, and outcome were documented. None of the babies received surfactant or assisted ventilation. Results: 29 out of 992 neonates (3%) admitted to the neonatal unit over the study period were ELBW. The survival rates of the inborn and outborn neonates were 33% and 14%, respectively. Conclusions: Factors associated with increased survival were inborn, GA ?28 weeks, birth weight of 750 g, inborn and admission within 2 h of life.
Study of acute viral meningoencephalitis in children in sub-Himalayan Tarai region: Clinico-epidemiological, etiological, and imaging profile
Authors: Roy Abhishek , Mandal Kalyanbrata , Sen Sandip , Bag Toshibananda 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Sub-Himalayan Tarai region of India is an endemic area for viral meningoencephalitis where rising trend of disease prevalence has been observed over last 3 years. Objective: This study was conducted to find the viral etiology, clinical profile, and epidemiology of meningoencephalitis cases and correlate them with imaging results. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 1-year (1st January-31st December 2011). Children aged 1 month to 12 years admitted with the diagnosis of viral meningoencephalitis were included in the study. Cerebrospinal fluid and serumimmunoglobulin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was done for herpes simplex 1 virus, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, Japanese encephalitis, dengue, and human immunodeficiency virus, on all suspected patients. Neuroimaging (Magnetic resonance imaging brain or computed tomography head) was also performed. Results: Mean age was 5.2±3.46 years (range 1 month to 12 years) with a Male:Female ratio of 1.8:1. A maximum number of cases was recorded in monsoon. Paramyxovirus (mumps) was the most common detected virus followed by Japanese encephalitis cases. Case fatality rate for Japanese encephalitis was54.55% (95% confidence interval 39.54-69.56), and the majority of the deaths occurred in the age group of 3-7 years (38.46%). At 6 months follow-up, 71.4% were absolutely symptom free, while rest had weakness of all limbs, mental retardation, or aphasia. Conclusion: Significant encephalitis is prevalent in all districts of North Bengal. Most prevalent are JE and mumps which are vaccine preventable.
Prevalence of infections among 6-16 years old children attending a semi-rural school in Western Maharashtra, India
Authors: Mandlik R M , Chiplonkar S A , Khadilkar V V , Gupte S Phanse- , Mughal Z M , Patwardhan V G , Khadilkar A V 
Published: June 2020

Background: Infections are an important cause of morbidity in rural India. Reports on the prevalence of infections in older children and their effects on growth are scarce. Objective: The objectives were to determine the prevalence of common infections among 6-16 year old school-children in a semi-rural setting in Western India and to assess the influence of infections on the growth status of the children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a semi-rural setting in a Zilla Parishad Primary School, Karegaon, Maharashtra. 802 children (boys = 439), 6-16 years of age were assessed. Data on height, weight and infectionrelated symptoms reported by children (pre-tested, validated questionnaire) were collected. K-means cluster analysis was used to create three clusters based on the severity of infections, and one-way analysis of variance with post-hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons was used to test the significance of differences in means of various characteristics of the subjects in three clusters. Results: 43% boys and 49% girls reported symptoms of respiratory tract infections occasionally, and 28% boys and 27% girls complained of gastrointestinal(GI) infections occasionally. Children with more severe infections were more likely to be shorter and lighter; this was more marked in girls. Conclusions: Rural school-going children (aged 6-16 years) suffer from high rates of infections, mainly upper respiratory tract infections followed by GI tract infections.
Study of sleep problems and their association with scholastic performance in school going children
Authors: Fatnani Rutva Harish , Minajagi Sunil Kumar B , Rao Chandrika , Kumar K M Satish 
Published: June 2020

Background: Sleep is an integral part of any healthy individual and sleep problems can affect the intellectual abilities including the performance at school. Objectives: We studied the sleep problems among school going children in the age group of 6-16 years and the association of the sleep problems with scholastic performance in them. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study carried out in students attending a private school. The children were given a questionnaire based on the “BEARS” screening tool for sleep problems in children to be filled by children and parents. Accordingly, the age and academic grades of students were recorded. The prevalence of sleep problems and their relation to school grades were studied. Results: Out of 229 students, 25.33% (58) students were found to have sleep problems after applying the “BEARS” criteria. Of these 58 children, 31 scored A grade, 25 scored B grade, and 2 scored C grade. 23% (31 out of 135) of A graders were found to have sleeping problems, 28% (25 out of 89) of B graders, and 40% (2 out of 5) of C graders had sleeping problems. Conclusion: Sleep problems were common in school going children. It was observedthat as scholastic grades decreased, the prevalence of sleeping problems increased. Sleep problems might be one of the contributors for poor scholastic achievements in children.
Primary empty sella and associated pituitary hormonal abnormalities in children: An observational study
Authors: Reetha G , Ravikumar P , Mahesh P 
Published: June 2020

Objective: To find out the spectrum of pituitary hormonal abnormalities in children with primary empty sella syndrome. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational hospital-based study was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Children referred to the pediatric endocrinology clinic with clinical features of pituitary hormonal abnormalities were evaluated. Children who were found to have empty sella were included in the study and hormonal profile of these children were studied. Results: There were 14 patients in thestudy group. Isolated growth hormone deficiency was the most common associated abnormality (64%) followed by multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies in 5 (35%) children. Hypothyroidism was observed in 4 patients (28%) and hypocortisolism in 2 cases (14%). Hypogonadism was observed in one girl on follow-up (7.1%). Conclusions: Significant numbers of children with pituitary hormone abnormalities have primary empty sella as a cause. Therefore, these children need to be evaluated for all pituitary hormones and shouldbe regularly followed up for evolving hormonal deficiencies.
Evaluation of current status of lead toxicity among children: A hospital based cross-sectional study
Authors: Ashoka C , Avinash T , Rani S Usha , Venkatesh T , Venkatesh T , Abraham Roy , Kulkarni M L 
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Lead is a highly toxic non-essential metal. Children have a wide spectrum of subclinical and clinical effects due to lead exposure and lead poisoning. Objectives: To identify the extent of the problem of lead toxicity among children and its association with anthropometry, nutritional status and awareness about lead toxicity. Materials and Methods: Study population comprised children admitted in CSI Hospital as inpatients. Purposive sampling was done to enroll patients with no risk of lead exposure. A sample sizeof 100 was calculated using prevalence formula. Anthropometric and blood examinations were done along with knowledge, attitude and practices questionnaire to assess knowledge of caregivers about lead toxicity. Results: A total of 100 children were screened. The mean (standard deviation) blood lead level (BLL) was 7.1 (3.6). 18% of the children demonstrated BLLs of >10 ?g/dl. 19.3% of boys as compared to 15.8% girls had BLL >10 ?g/dl. 36.4% of children belonging to the lower socio-economic status had BLL >10 ?g/dl. The developmental quotient was inversely proportional to the measured BLL. Mean weight, height, and blood indices were lower in thechildren with BLL >10 ?g/dl. The knowledge regarding the adverse health effects of lead toxicity was very poor. Conclusion: Once the early toxic effects are detected before the onset of irreversible changes, the potential victims can be saved. So screening of children for lead toxicity should be made mandatory whenever doubt arises, and since knowledge regarding lead toxicity is poor among caregivers, awareness should be created through health education to the community.
Single dose oral zinc as adjuvant therapy in children admitted with severe pneumonia: A randomized, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Basavraj G V , Nijaguna N , Gembeeran Raja , Sanjeeva G N 
Published: June 2020

Background: Childhood pneumonia is one of the major causes of under-five mortality in developing countries. Any interventions which can reduce the mortality and morbidity of pneumonia are of great importance. Adjuvant zinc therapy is one such intervention studied in various parts of the world with inconclusive results. Objective: We aim to study the impact of a single dose of zinc therapy on the outcome of childhood severe pneumonia. Material and Methods: Randomized, placebo-controlled study of young children between2 and 24 months was conducted to study the impact of single dose zinc administration on time to resolution of severe pneumonia. The subjects were assigned two groups, zinc group and non-zinc group, by stratified randomization. The zinc group received unlabeled oral zinc syrup 20 mg of elemental zinc as single dose for children >6 months of age and 10 mg of elemental zinc as single dose for children <6 months. The non-zinc group children were administered unlabeled non-zinc containing placebo as single dose. Results: From April2011 to December 2011, 1284 children screened for pneumonia as per Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses guidelines and 126 children were included in the study. Of these 126 children, 63 were randomized to receive zinc and 63 to receive placebo. The mean duration of respiratory distress before hospitalization was 1.4±0.5 days in zinc group as compared to 1.1±0.5 days in non-zinc group (p=0.001). The mean duration of resolution of distress was 52.47±33.99 h in zinc group as compared to 74.17±37.76 h inthe non-zinc group (p=0.05). Similarly, the mean duration for resolution of symptoms was 65.52±36.03 h in zinc group as compared to 88.00±37.97 in non-zinc group (p=0.05). The 23% of the children in non-zinc group had treatment failure (p=0.03). Conclusion: Single dose of adjuvant oral zinc therapy in severe pneumonia, reduces the duration of respiratory distress, resolves the symptoms early and decreases the incidence of treatment failure. However, the total duration of hospitalization was not affected by zinc therapy.
Bacteriological profile, antibiotic sensitivity pattern, and detection of extended?spectrum ?-lactamase in the isolates of urinary tract infection from children
Authors: Shettigar Sanchita , Chandrashekar G S , Roche Ronald , Nayak Narendra , Anitha K B , Soans Santhosh 
Published: June 2020

Background: Appropriate use of antibiotic in children with urinary tract infection (UTI) is essential so as to curb the spread of drug-resistant organisms. Objectives: To study the bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in children with UTI and to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum ?-lactamase (ESBL) producers of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species. Methods: This prospective study was conducted from October 2010 to September 2011. The children between age group of 3 and 14 years who attended Pediatric Department at a tertiary care hospital were included in the study. Single midstream urine specimen was collected from each patient with suspected UTI. Result: Out of 184 urine samples with suspected UTI, 122 children had culture-proven UTI. Of 122 cases, 81 (66.39%) cases were seen in females. The most common organism isolated was E. coli (50%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (23.77%) and Enterococcus species (8.19%). E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter freundii, and Proteus mirabilis responded better to nitrofurantoin (NIT) (76.8%). Ceftriaxone (79.12%), cefotaxime (74.8%), and cefixime (71.7%) showed higher sensitivity as compared to ceftazidime (63.4%) and cefoperazone (CPZ) (59.4%). Among aminoglycosides, amikacin (82.4%) had a better response as compared to gentamicin (64.6%). Out of 61 E. coli and 31 Klebsiella species, 35 (38.04%) were ESBL producers. The sensitivity of these organisms to imipenem was 100% with a good response to meropenem, CPZ-sulbactam, and piperacillin-tazobactam. Conclusion: E. coli and Klebsiella spp. were the most common isolates and many of them were ESBL producers. NIT seemed to be a reasonable alternative to cephalosporins for the treatment of UTIs in children. Carbapenems were found to be effective in ESBLs and non-ESBL producing uropathogens and can be considered as reserve drugs.
Evaluation of role of computed tomography scan brain in children with generalized seizures
Authors: Chaudhary G S , Chaudhary V 
Published: June 2020

Objective: To evaluate the role of computed tomography (CT) scan brain in children over the age of 1 year with generalized seizures. Design: Prospective, hospital-based study. Materials and Methods: Children of 1-12 years presenting with generalized seizures in pediatric outpatient department and emergencies were subjected for CT scan brain with contrast along with other appropriate investigations after stabilization. Results: A total of 101 cases of children with generalized seizures underwent CT scan brain, 36 cases (35.64%) were found to have CT brain abnormalities. Conclusion: CT brain should be considered in children with generalized seizures in health care settings where magnetic resonance imaging is either unavailable or unaffordable.