bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOIL DEVELOPMENT AND PROPERTIES OF MICROBIAL BIOMASS SUCCESSION IN RECLAIMED SITES IN BULGARIA
Authors: Stefanova Veneta V. , Petrov Petar G. 
Published: October 2019

One of the most important preconditions of ecosystem rehabilitation in post mining landscapes is the process of soil development. In this context, the microbial activity in soil plays an important role.
Microbial activity was studied in several reclaimed post mining sites resulted from the mining activity in Bulgaria. The studied soils are characterized by different biogenicity. The development of the total microflora in soils is higher in the surface layers but in depth, their number decreases due to the inhibiting effect of pollutants (heavy metals) and a change in the physico-chemical conditions. The dominant microorganisms are non-spore bacteria and all studied soils showed the development of pigment types of bacteria resulting from the high content of heavy metals. The composition of the microorganisms is poor, which can be taken as an indicator that the microbicenosis is still in the process of formation. In depth, their number is reduced by applying the effect of contamination.
The mineralization coefficient values are the highest in the field with the greatest age of re-cultivation, where humidification is the most advanced.
The study shows that vegetation type and litter quality seem to be more important for soil microbial activity than the substrate quality on the reclaimed sites.
MICROCLONAL PROPAGATION OF CRATAEGUS MONOGYNA JACQ. IN VITRO
Authors: Zarnadze Nana , Dolidze Ketevan , Manjgaladze Sophiko , Turmanidze Nazi , Chitanava Jana , Bolkvadze Gia , Jakeli Eteri 
Published: October 2019

We have researched Crataegus Monogina Jacq. microclonal propagation and in vitro mass regeneration processes. For this experiment we used the asleep buds isolated from maternal plants and in vitro cultivated apical and axillary buds as the effective explants.
The high coefficient of micropropagation was provided with Gamborg Medium (B5) nutrient medium added alongside the hormones of cytokinin nature. The best result was achieved in the case of introduction of 2-Isopentenyladenine (2-iP) at concentration of 5-10 mcm and Benzilaminopurine (BAP) at concentration of 10-15 mcm. For stimulation of the mictropropagation process it is reasonable to add a small dose of the auxin hormone 1-Naphtylacetic acid (NAA) together with the cytokinins to the nutritive medium. It has been shown that the growth of micropropagation coefficient in pro rata the kinds and concentration of phytohormones. Regenerated microshoots had a good capacity of rooting. The most effective method for rooting purpose was the introduction of Indole- 3 –butyric acid (IBA) at concentration of 5mcm into 1 /2 B5 nutrient medium. The rooted regenerant plants successfully adopted in vivo.
Managing acute pain after abdominal surgery: examples from practice
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Madsiri Mayoora 
Published: October 2019

Background: Following abdominal surgery, ischaemia and neuropeptide release cause pain at the trauma site, and there is a high incidence of moderate-to-severe pain. Inadequate pain management leads to complications, delayed recovery and prolonged hospitalisation, and thus, effective management is essential. This study describes an implementation of acute pain management after abdominal surgery. Methods: A multidimensional assessment tool collected data on demographics, medical history and surgical situation, as well as interventions used, their administration route and their side effects. Pain level was recorded on a scale of 0–10, both at rest and during physical activity, by postoperative day. Patient participation and satisfaction were also recorded. Results: Nine patients met the inclusion criteria. Pharmacological analgesic interventions included opioids (morphine, fentanyl and tramadol) and paracetamol. Administration was either intravenous, epidural or via patient-controlled analgesia. These were combined with non-pharmacological interventions, specifically cold gel packs, massage therapy and music therapy. All patients achieved the adequate management goals of pain at rest below 3/10 and during activity below 4/10, and all participated in pain decision-making, were satisfied with pain treatment, and reported the usefulness of preoperative information. Conclusions: Pain management following abdominal surgery is vital, and the use of a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological techniques was effective.
Effect of Pretreatment on Allicin Degradation and Color Change in the Dehydration of Garlic
Authors: Zhao Zusongying , Ileleji Klein E. , Ramirez Gutierrez Diana M. , Zheng Zhian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Allicin is the most important active ingredient in garlic because it gives garlic its unique flavor and has a broad spectrum of antibiotic activities. It is also an indicator of garlic product quality. Color can also be used to determine the quality of dehydrated garlic. The allicin content and color of dried garlic are influenced by the processing method, such as pretreatment, and the drying parameters, primarily temperature. To explore the factors that affect the allicin content and color of dried garlic, this study compared the differences in allicin content and color for common pretreatment methods and drying temperatures (35°C for 22 h, 55°C for 12 h, and 75°C for 5 h, to simulate open-sun drying, solar drying, and factory drying, respectively). The results showed that high-temperature pretreatment had a negative effect on the color and allicin retention of dried garlic slices. Cold-water washing and 55°C drying temperature are recommended to produce good garlic color and preserve the allicin content (2.78 mg g-1) to meet both national and international standards. Keywords: Allicin, Color change, Dehydration, Drying, Garlic.
Response of Drought-Tolerant Corn to Varying Irrigation Levels in the Texas High Plains
Authors: O’Shaughnessy Susan A. , Kim MinYoung , Andrade Manuel A. , Colaizzi Paul D. , Evett Steven R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract.Corn ( L.) for grain continues to be an important crop for livestock feed in the Texas High Plains (THP) region despite lackluster prices. It offers greater crop water productivity compared with other crops grown in the region but also has a relatively high water requirement, which must be met by irrigation. The sole water resource in the region is the Ogallala Aquifer, which is declining because withdrawals exceed recharge, and this is of major concern. Producers are interested in the performance of drought-tolerant (DT) corn, but data on DT crop production functions are limited. From 2015 to 2017, studies of DT corn response to different irrigation treatments were conducted in the THP at Bushland, Texas. Results showed that grain yields, seasonal evapotranspiration (ETc), and crop water use efficiency (WUE) varied significantly between seasons and among different DT hybrids. Comparisons between a mid-season (MS) and an early-maturing (EM) hybrid showed: (1) at the severe deficit irrigation treatment level, grain yields were low, but the EM hybrid produced 400% more grain; (2) at the moderate deficit irrigation treatment level, grain yields and ETc were similar; and (3) at the full irrigation treatment level, the EM hybrid required 75 mm less water, but it produced 24% less grain. Non-hail damaged MS DT corn produced grain yields that were numerically greater than conventional corn grown in the THP in an optimal year. However, during drought seasons, DT hybrid response was not improved over conventional hybrids under severe deficit irrigation. This study demonstrated that MS DT corn hybrid P1151AM, irrigated at a level that fully met evapotranspiration demand, resulted in grain yield and WUE levels that were near the upper limits for corn produced in the THP. Further research is needed to determine the constancy of response among different DT hybrids under favorable and drought conditions. Keywords: Center pivot, Deficit irrigation, Early-maturing corn, Hail damage, Mid-season corn, Variable-rate irrigation, Water use efficiency.
Sediment Phosphorus Release in a Shallow Eutrophic Reservoir Cove
Authors: McCarty James A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Internal phosphorus (P) loading is a leading contributor to eutrophication in reservoirs and can cause harmful algal blooms as well as treatment issues for drinking water reservoirs. Coves are an area of reservoirs that have not received adequate attention, even though they experience higher nutrient and sediment deposition and primary production per unit area when compared to the pelagic zone of the reservoir. This study investigates a shallow eutrophic cove in a northwest Arkansas reservoir called Beaver Lake to better understand the cove’s potential to contribute to P loading and eutrophication within the reservoir. The study period was 3 to 16 July 2018. Water column profiles of depth, temperature, and dissolved oxygen were measured with a floating sensor platform that also contained a weather station. Cove bed sediment samples were collected at three locations in the cove and analyzed for chemical composition through Mehlich III extraction and P, nitrate + nitrite (N+N), and ammonia release rates with aerobic and anaerobic sediment core incubations. Bathymetry data were collected using a depth sonar system. Sensor platform profiles indicated dynamic bottom temperature and dissolved oxygen conditions with transient influxes of hypoxic waters that occurred several times for less than 24 h. The P release rates from bed sediment incubations were as high as 2.02 mg m-2 d-1 under aerobic conditions and 4.45 mg m-2 d-1 under anaerobic conditions. Upon initiation of nitrogen gas bubbling in the sediment cores, anaerobic conditions were delayed by the presence of N+N. Phosphorus release did not occur until denitrification decreased the N+N concentrations enough for reducing conditions to be present. For the study period, a P flux into the water of roughly 1 kg was determined using cove profiles, bathymetry, and P release rates. When compared to whole-lake P release averages for Beaver Lake, eutrophic coves are a disproportionate source of P per unit area within the reservoir. This may offer opportunities for more efficient use of internal loading remediation techniques, such as alum application. The results of this study also suggest that we should not continue to overlook shallow-area bed sediment P flux when considering the P mass balance of a reservoir. Keywords: Eutrophication, Sediment core incubation, Stratification.
Energy Conservation Using Variable Frequency Drives for Center-Pivot Irrigation Systems Equipped with Corner Watering Attachments
Authors: Brar Dilshad , Kranz William L. , Lo Tsz Him , Irmak Suat , Martin Derrel L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Corner watering attachments, specifically end guns and corner extensions, attached to center-pivot systems are a common means to irrigate the corners of square fields. The pumping plant is designed to supply water to all sprinklers when the center pivot is irrigating the point of maximum elevation. Most designs include powering the irrigation pump at a fixed speed, which can lead to excessive energy use. Variable-frequency drives (VFDs) were introduced to adjust the pump speed in response to changes in pressure requirements. In this study, three scenarios were analyzed: scenario 1, end gun attached at end of center-pivot lateral; scenario 2, corner extension attached at end of center-pivot lateral; and scenario 3, corner extension attached at end of center-pivot lateral and end gun attached at the end of the corner extension. This study was conducted on 1000 randomly selected center-pivot irrigation systems located in ten counties of Nebraska using GIS-based tools. High-resolution digital elevation maps were used to investigate the impact of flow rate changes and topographical variations on energy requirements. Reductions in the energy required, obtained through varying the pump speed, and annual monetary savings were calculated for each scenario. Average payback periods for VFDs were calculated for each county. The major factors contributing to energy savings and annual returns include large topographical changes, duration of corner attachment operation, hours of operation, and electricity cost. Scenario 3 resulted in the maximum energy reduction, maximum annual monetary savings, and minimum payback period compared to the other scenarios. This approach allows investigation of the potential savings associated with installation of a VFD for center pivots equipped with end guns and corner arm extensions. Keywords: Center-pivot irrigation systems, Corner watering attachments, End gun, Energy savings, GIS, Pumping, Topography, Variable-frequency drive.
Application of Ultrasonic Anemometer Array to Field Measurements of the Downwash Flow of an Agricultural Unmanned Helicopter
Authors: Tang Qing , Zhang Ruirui , Ding Chenchen , Chen Liping , Xu Min , Xu Gang , Yi Tongchuan , Wen Yao , Li Longlong , Deng Wei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Unmanned helicopters are widely used in agricultural spray applications; however, there is a lack of high-accuracy field data on the complex downwash flows caused by such helicopters to support efficient spraying. Therefore, we aimed to collect high-accuracy reference data by developing an ultrasonic anemometer array and related software to measure the downwash flow velocity field of a common agricultural unmanned helicopter (Copterworks AF-25B) during outdoor hovering and forward flight. Differential GPS and image scaling were used to determine the exact position and velocity of the helicopter to ensure repeatability of the tests. When the hovering height of the rotor above the ground plane was y/R = 2.5 (where y is the height above ground level and R is the radius of the rotor), the maximum downwash velocity reached 7 m s-1 at x/R = 0.5 (where x is the radial distance from the axis of the rotor). In addition, we obtained the spatial distribution of the turbulence kinetic energy. The attached flow velocity in the near-ground boundary layer increased radially and reached a maximum of 3 m s-1 at x = 3.6 m, after which it decreased. Comparatively, the maximum downwash velocity during forward flight occurred between x/R = 0.5 and 1.5 and was only about 3 m s-1, which was less than half the maximum downwash velocity while hovering. In addition, the circulation flow below the rotor tips had a velocity of 1.5 m s-1. The downwash flow lasted more than 1 s as the helicopter passed over a given point on the ground, the downwash velocity decreased from 3 m s-1 to 1.5 to 2.5 m s-1, and the symmetry of the flow field was not maintained. This study is the first application of an ultrasonic anemometer array to measure the airflow around an unmanned helicopter and provides high-accuracy field data that can be used as a reference for future indoor and simulation studies. Keywords: Agricultural unmanned helicopter, Downwash flow velocity field, Forward flight, Hovering, Ultrasonic anemometer.
On the convergence analysis of a time dependent elliptic equation with discontinuous coefficients
Authors: Abdelwahed Mohamed , Chorfi Nejmeddine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a heat equation with diffusion coefficient that varies depending on the heterogeneity of the domain. We propose a spectral elements discretization of this problem with the mortar domain decomposition method on the space variable and Euler’s implicit scheme with respect to the time. The convergence analysis and an optimal error estimates are proved.
The effect of concurrent aerobic-resistance training on thyroid hormones, blood glucose hemostasis, and blood lipid indices in overweight girls with hypothyroidism
Authors: Mohammadi Sefat Sahar , Shabani Ramin , Nazari Marzieh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The present study aimed to explore the effect of 8 weeks of concurrent aerobic-resistance training on thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), blood lipid profile, and blood glucose hemostasis in adolescent girls with hypothyroidism.

Materials and methods
In this clinical trial, 20 adolescent girls with hypothyroidism [age: 12.10 ± 1.94 years; body mass index (BMI): 25.25 ± 2.91 kg/m2] were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group was treated with 8 weeks of concurrent aerobic [60–80% heart rate reserve (HHR)] and resistance (40–65% of 1RM) training. Blood was sampled before and after training. Data were analyzed using a pairwise t-test and an independent t-test (α < 0.05).

Results
Within-group comparison revealed significant decline of body index, BMI, fat percentage, fasting blood sugar, and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) in the experimental group (p = 0.002, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.03, and p = 0.02, respectively). Also, inter-group comparisons indicated significant differences in weight, BMI, fat percentage and HOMA (p = 0.001). But, no significant difference was observed in the blood sugar index (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
A short-term period of concurrent aerobic-resistance training may improve blood glucose hemostasis and body composition of adolescent girls with hypothyroidism. However, further research is necessary.
Lipschitz stability for a semi-linear inverse stochastic transport problem
Authors: Yin Zhongqi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper is addressed to a semi-linear stochastic transport equation with three unknown parameters.
It is proved that the initial displacement, the terminal state and the random term in diffusion are uniquely
determined by the state on partial boundary and a Lipschitz stability of the inverse problem is established. The main tool we employ is a global Carleman estimate for stochastic transport equations.
On the scale mixtures of multivariate skew slash distributions
Authors: Tian Weizhong , Wei Fengrong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the scale mixtures of multivariate skew slash distributions is introduced. The probability density function with some additional properties are discussed. The first four order moments, skewness and kurtosis of this distribution are calculated. Furthermore, the first two moments of its quadratic forms are obtained. In particular, the linear transformation, stochastic representation and hierarchical representation are studied. In the end, the EM algorithm is proposed.
Reproduction of Geogrid In Situ Damage Used in Asphalt Concrete Pavement with Indentation Tests
Authors: Chazallon Cyrille , Barazzutti Cédric , Pelletier Hervé , Nguyen Mai-Lan , Hornych Pierre , Mouhoubi Saida , Doligez Daniel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Geogrids are used for the rehabilitation of cracked pavements. To ensure an efficient reinforcement, it is required to know the residual mechanical properties of the geogrid after its implementation and compaction of the above asphalt concrete layer and the level of damage of the grid. This article presents the results of the national French project SolDuGri dealing with pavement reinforcement by geogrids and more precisely the reproduction in laboratory of the in situ damage. In this project, full-scale tests have been performed to evaluate the in situ damage of four different types of geogrids in asphalt concrete pavements. Then, after construction, the geogrids have been recovered from different locations on the field sections, where they had been subjected to compaction. These grids have been subjected to direct tension tests in the laboratory. Laboratory analyses like scanned asphalt concrete and greogrid surfaces have been performed to evaluate indenter shapes. Different sets of indenters have been made, and a laboratory complete study of greogrid indentation tests has been performed with different sets of temperature, indenter shapes, and indentation forces. The first conclusions are that the indenter geometry and the temperature have the main influence on the strength resistance and elastic modulus of the grid. Results obtained after indentation performed in laboratory can be compared to those measured on in situ recovered grids.
Synaptic Plasticity at Inhibitory Synapses in the Ventral Tegmental Area Depends upon Stimulation Site
Authors: St. Laurent Robyn , Kauer Julie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDrug exposure induces cell and synaptic plasticity within the brain reward pathway that could be a catalyst for progression to addiction. Several cellular adaptations have been described in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a central component of the reward pathway that is the major source of dopamine release. For example, administration of morphine induces long-term potentiation (LTP) of excitatory synapses on VTA dopamine cells and blocks LTP at inhibitory synapses. Drug-induced synaptic changes have a common endpoint of increasing dopamine cell firing and dopamine release. However, gaining a complete picture of synaptic plasticity in the VTA is hindered by its complex circuitry of efferents and afferents. Most studies of synaptic plasticity in the VTA activated a mixed population of afferents, potentially yielding an incomplete and perhaps misleading view of how drugs of abuse modify VTA synapses. Here, we use midbrain slices from mice and find that electrical stimulation in two different regions induces different forms of plasticity, including two new forms of LTP at inhibitory synapses. High-frequency stimulation (HFS) induces LTP independently of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activation, and surprisingly, some inhibitory inputs to the VTA also undergo NMDAR-independent LTP after a low-frequency stimulation (LFS) pairing protocol.
The Everyday as Revolution and Resistance: G. Debord and M. de Certeau
Authors: Milerius Nerijus 
Published: October 2019

The paper analyzes the effort to rethink the status of everyday life in the context of consumer society. Two concepts of everyday life are interpreted – Guy Debord’s critique of society of the spectacle, and Michel de Certeau’s concept of everyday life as resistance. As Debord says, the purpose of the critique of the everyday is to recharge the entire system of capitalism. By capturing the radical contrast between the current meager status of everyday life and the potential of the everyday, Debord was convinced that a radical discrimination of everyday life can only be overcome by radical means – the revolution of the everyday. Rejecting the possibility of transforming the entire structure of the society through everyday life, de Certeau focused on the everyday as resistance to the strategic domains of society. Thus, de Certau’s goal is not to transform the entire system, but to maintain the resilient potential of everyday life as a constant opportunity for daily renewal. The paper concludes that it is the attitudes of everyday life such as resistance that have influenced visual and urban studies.