bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD9 Defines Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells and is Regulated by Alpha-2-Macroglobulin
Authors: Liu Yongliang , Wang Guiqin , Zhang Jiasi , Chen Xue , Xu Huailong , Heng Gang , Chen Jun , Zhao Yongchun , Li Jiatao , Ni Yuanli , Zhang Yingzi , Liu Limei , Shan Juanjuan , Qian Cheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are responsible for the initiation, progress and relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Therefore, the therapy strategy of targeting LSCs is hopeful to eradicate AML. In this study, we aim to identify LSC-specific surface markers and uncover the underlying mechanism of AML LSCs.Methods: Microarray gene expression data were used to investigate the candidate AML-LSC specific markers. CD9 expression was evaluated by flow cytometry in AML cell lines, patients with AML and normal donors. The biological characteristics of CD9-positive (CD9+) cells were analyzed by in vitro proliferation, chemotherapeutic drug resistance, migration and in vivo xenotransplantation assays. The molecular mechanism involved in CD9+ cell function was investigated by gene expression profiling. Effect of alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) on CD9+ cells was analyzed by proliferation, drug resistance and migration assays.Results: CD9 as a cell surface protein was specifically expressed on AML LSCs, but almost not expressed on normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). CD9+ cells exhibited more resistance to chemotherapy drugs and higher migration potential than CD9-negative (CD9-) cells. More importantly, CD9+ cells possess the ability to reconstitute human AML in immunocompromised mice and promote tumor growth, suggesting CD9+ cells define the LSC population. Furthermore, we identified A2M plays a crucial role in CD9+ LSCs stemness maintenance. Down-regulation of A2M impairs drug-resistance and migration of CD9+ cells.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CD9 is a new biomarker of AML LSCs and may serve as a promising therapeutic target.
Famine Exposure During Early Life Increased the Risk of Ascending Aorta Dilatation in Adults
Authors: HUANG Yu-qing , LIU Lin , Lo Kenneth , YU Yu-ling , CHEN Chao-lei , HUANG Jia-yi , ZHANG Bin , FENG Ying-qing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The relationship between malnutrition and ascending aorta dilatation (AAD) is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the association of exposure to the Chinese famine during early life with AAD in adulthood. Methods: We investigated data of 2598 adults born between 1952 and 1964 from Guangdong, China. All enrolled subjects were divided into five groups: no exposed, fetal exposed, early, mid and late childhood exposed. AAD was assessed by cardiac ultrasound. Multivariate logistic regression and interaction tests were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) between famine exposure and AAD. Results: There were 2598 (943 male, mean age 59.1 ± 3.65 years) participants were enrolled, among them consist of 270 (10.4%) subjects with AAD. We found that famine exposure (OR=2.266, 95% CI: 1.477, 3.477, P=0.013), age, smoking, hypertension, elevated SBP, elevated BMI was an independent risk factor for AAD. In addition, compared with no exposed group, the adjusted ORs for AAD widening from fetal-exposed, early, mid to late childhood exposed were 1.374 (95% CI: 0.794, 2.364, P=0.251), 1.976 (95% CI: 1.243, 3.181, P=0.004), 1.929 (95% CI: 1.237, 3.058, P=0.004) and 2.227 (95% CI: 1.433, 3.524, P<0.001), respectively. Stratified analysis showed that the effect of famine exposure on AAD was more pronounced in female, smokers, BMI ≥24 kg/m2 and hypertensive patients. Conclusions: We observed that exposure to famine during early life was an independent risk factor for AAD in adulthood; this effect was not modified by gender, BMI, smoking, hypertension and diabetes.
Serum Metabolomic Patterns in Young Patients with Ischemic Stroke: A Case Control Study
Authors: Liu Jia , Yuan Junliang , Zhao Jingwei , Zhang Lin , Wang Qiu , Wang Guang 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and adult disability. The incidence of ischemic stroke continues to rise in young adults. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of metabolic changes and explore possible mechanisms in young ischemic stroke patients without common risk factors. Methods: This study investigated serum metabolomics in 50 young patients with newly suffered ischemic stroke and 50 age-, sex-, and body mass index–matched healthy controls. The metabolomic data were analyzed by performing a multivariate statistical analysis.Results: The 197 metabolites, including amino acids, bile acids, free fatty acids, and lipids, were identified in all participants. Multivariate models showed significant differences in serum metabolomic patterns between young patients with ischemic stroke and healthy controls. The stroke patients had increased L-methionine, homocysteine, glutamine, uric acid, GCDCA, and PE (18:0/20:4, 16:0/22:5), and decreased levels of L-citrulline, taurine, PC (16:2/22:6, 16:2/20:5, 15:0/18:2), and SM (d18:1/23:0, d20:0/19:1, d18:1/22:0, d16:0/26:1, d16:0/18:0, d16:0/22:1, d18:1/19:1, d16:0/17:1, d16:1/24:1, d18:1/19:0). Based on the identified metabolites, the metabolic pathways of arginine biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism were significantly enriched in the young patients with ischemic stroke. Conclusions: Serum metabolomic patterns were significantly different between young patients with ischemic stroke and healthy controls.
Fuelwood Use and Carbon Emission Reduction of Improved Biomass Cook Stoves; Evidence From Kitchen Performance Test in Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Manaye Ashenafi , Amaha Selemawit , Gufi Yirga , Tesfamariam Berihu , Worku Adefires , Abrha Haftu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background In Ethiopia, biomass is the main form of fuel approximately for 92% of the population. Currently, several strategies were designed to reduce fuelwood consumption and greenhouse gases (GHG) emission by implementing improved cooking stoves (ICS). Nevertheless, the adoption of ICSs has been very slow. Therefore, these studies were conducted to assess the performance of ICS (“Mirt” and Tikikil”) on fuelwood consumption and greenhouse gas emission (GHG) in the kitchens of real households.Methods To select the study households (HH), both cross-sectional and longitudinal study designs were used. We used Kitchen Performance Test (KPT), based on three days of repeated fuel wood use measurements to compare the wood-saving performance of ICS and the traditional cook stoves (TCS). The carbon emission in the study area was calculated based on the clean development mechanism and United Nation’s Framework of Convention on Climate change.Result The study indicated that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the use of improved and traditional cooking stoves in total and per capita wood consumption. The use of “Mirt” and “Tikikil” than the traditional stove reduced the household wood consumption by 35 % (438 kg/ year) and 18% (185 kg/ year), respectively. Likewise, use of these ICS stoves lead to decrease of 0.65 and 0.27 tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2 e) per stove per year. ConclusionAdopting of ICS reduced the amount of fuelwood used and carbon emission at household level significantly as compared to the use of TCS. This finding have implication on adoption of ICS technology is important on reducing CO2 emission, forest degradation and household workloads.
Discrepant End-Tidal Concentrations of Sevoflurane at the Same A-Line Autoregressive Index Level During Induction of General Anaesthesia: An Observational Study
Authors: Hsu Che-Hao , Ho Shung-Tai , Lu Chih-Cherng , Wang Ju-O , Yeh Te-Chun , Lin Tso-Chou 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The A-Line Autoregressive Index (AAI), which is derived from auditory evoked potentials, has been used for determining anaesthetic depth. This study verified the correlation between AAI values and the corresponding end-tidal concentrations of sevoflurane during general anaesthesia induction.Methods: Thirty young male adults undergoing elective minor orthopaedic surgery were sequentially allocated to receive inspiratory 3%, 5%, or 6% sevoflurane for mask induction, followed by mechanical ventilation after tracheal intubation. The inspiratory, end-tidal, and estimated jugular bulb concentrations of sevoflurane were recorded at three target AAI values: below 20, below 10 and at the start of burst suppression.Results: The mean time to loss of consciousness in the 6% sevoflurane group was shorter than that in the 5% and 3% groups; however, the groups had comparable AAI values (range: 16–45). The 6% group had a higher end-tidal concentration (4.5% ± 0.2% vs. 3.8% ± 0.2%, P < 0.05) than did the 5% group, despite having the same target anaesthetic levels by AAI score ≤ 10, whereas the estimated jugular bulb concentrations were comparable (1.9% vs. 1.9%) in both groups. Conclusions: Following mechanical ventilation with inspiratory 3%, 5%, or 6% sevoflurane, the end-tidal concentrations were discrepant at the same end points of AAI levels, despite similar estimated jugular bulb concentrations of sevoflurane. Thus, conventional alveolar concentration may overestimate anaesthesia depth during rapid wash-in of sevoflurane.
Comparison of Two Intravenous Fluid Management Strategies in COVID-19 Patients in Hubei, China: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Yuan Yaping , Wu Jionghe , Wang Runsheng , Wu Zhanling , Pan Lei , Cheng Jing , Que Yifan , Deng Jing , Chang Christopher , Xu Guogang , Li Hongxia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background

Optimal fluid management in patients with COVID-19 has not been reported. This retrospective, multicenter study investigated the impact of intravenous infusion volume in the early stage of COVID-19 on clinical outcomes.
Methods

127 patients from two tertiary hospitals were separated into the “conservative” and “liberal” groups based on average daily intravenous infusion volume within the first seven days after admission. Basic information, demographic and epidemiological characteristics, laboratory findings, treatments, and outcome measures were retrieved from medical records. The disease progression and prognosis were analyzed and compared.
Results

The average daily intravenous infusion volume within 7 days was 500 (150–700) ml/day in the conservative-strategy group (n = 87), and 1100 (1000–1288) ml/day in the liberal-strategy group (n = 40) (p < 0.001). There were no statistical differences in median age, male-to-female ratio, epidemiology, laboratory findings on admission, comorbidities, and average daily urine output within the seven days (p > 0.05). The final K+ in the liberal group was slightly higher than that at admission, and the final hematocrit level in the conservative group had a significant difference than that at admission (p < 0.05). The mean (± SD) duration of hospitalization was 22.41 ± 11.99 days in the conservative group and 25.28 ± 12.08 days in the liberal group (p = 0.120). However, compared to the liberal group, conservative group had statistically lower rates of disease progression (9.3% vs 37.5%, p < 0.001), mechanical ventilation (2.3% vs 27.5%, p < 0.001) and in-hospital mortality (2.3% vs 15.0%, p = 0.012).
Conclusions

Although there appeared to be no significant difference in the duration of hospitalization between using conservative and liberal fluid management strategies, the former was associated with lower rates of disease progression, mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality without increased nonpulmonary-organ dysfunction. These results support the importance of implementing conservative intravenous fluid infusion in the early stage of COVID-19.
Decitabine bioproduction using a biocatalyst with improved stability by adding nanocomposites
Authors: Méndez Mariana B. , Trelles Jorge A. , Rivero Cintia W 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A novel IDA-LaNDT derivative was able to reach the highest productivity in the biosynthesis of a well-known antitumoral agent called decitabine. However, the combination of two simple and inexpensive techniques such as ionic absorption and gel entrapment with the incorporation of a bionanocomposite such as bentonite significantly improved the stability of this biocatalyst. These modifications allowed the enhancement of storage stability (for at least 18 months), reusability (400 h of successive batches without significant loss of its initial activity), and thermal and solvent stability with respect to the non-entrapped derivative. Moreover, reaction conditions were optimized by increasing the solubility of 5-aza by dilution with dimethylsulfoxide. Therefore, a scale-up of the bioprocess was assayed using the developed biocatalyst, obtaining 221 mg/L.h of DAC. Finally, green parameters were calculated using the nanostabilized biocatalyst, whose results indicated that it was able to biosynthesize DAC by a smooth, cheap, and environmentally friendly methodology.
Does TB Vaccination Reduce COVID-19 Infection?: No Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity and Difference-in-Differences Analysis
Authors: Matsuura Hiroaki , Fukui Masao , Kawaguchi Kohei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In the middle of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the BCG hypothesis, the prevalence and severity of the COVID-19 outbreak seems to be negatively correlated with whether a country has a universal coverage of pediatric Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination, has emerged and attracted the attention of scientiﬁc community and media outlets. However, all existing claims are based on cross-country correlations that do not exclude the possibility of spurious correlation. By merging country-age-level confirmed case statistics of COVID-19 from 17 countries with the start/termination years of pediatric universal BCG vaccination policy and age-specific BCG vaccination coverage, this paper examines the role of BCG vaccination in COVID-19 infection. Despite the cross-country evidence from the previous literature, the results of both regression discontinuity design and difference-in-differences approaches do not support the BCG hypothesis.The results of these previous studies are likely to suffer from spurious correlations.
Predicting Prevention of Cigarette Smoking in Youth: Using Multi-Theory Model (MTM)
Authors: Abasi Hamid , Asadi Zahra Sadat , Mezerji Naser Mohammad gholi 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoking (CS) is the most important cause of death and disability in the world and is a complex behavior that is affected by various factors. This study was aimed to test the ability of MTM to predict preventing CS in youth.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 230 youth who were volunteer to do military services as a soldier were selected by simple random sampling in 2019, western Iran. Data collection were performed by using questionnaire demographic characteristics and MTM constructs of CS. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and Hosmer–Lemeshow test in SPSS 20 software.Results: In this study, the Mean (± SD) age of the participants was 21.13 (±0.89). The prevalence of current cigarette smoking (CCS) and ever cigarette smoking (ECS) was 12.2% and 23%, respectively. The results of the logistic regression test showed that ECS (p< 0.001) and having a family member smoker (p=0.026) were predictor factors for CCS. Sustenance of preventing CS behavior was predicted by constructs of emotional transformation (p=0/006), practice for change (p=0=022), and changes in the social environment (p< 0.001).Conclusions: MTM shows that it is a reliable and useful theory in the sustenance of preventing CS behavior in youth who volunteer to do military services as soldiers. Therefore, this robust theory should be tested in designing, implementing, and evaluating of CS prevention interventions.
Effects of Medical Insurance System and Nursing Care on the Hospitalization Cost Effectiveness of Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Chu Ying-hong , Jiang Gui-hua , Zhang Hong , Luan Xiao-rong 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background Acute myocardial infarction is still a burden on Chinese patients. Whether different medical insurance system have any influence on the hospitalization cost and therapeutic effect of acute myocardial infarction patient needs further investigation. Methods In this study, 600 patients were stratified by health insurance status to investigate the cost effectiveness. Results Compared with free medical care, patients with other health insurance status have a significantly lower age (P ˂ 0.05~0.001), the youngest of which is new rural cooperative medical system. The hospital expense, nursing fee, length of stay, daily hospitalization cost, daily drug cost, daily nursing cost and percent of nursing cost of different health insurance status were statistically significant. ANCOVA analyses controlling for age showed that the differences of hospital expenses, nursing fee, length of stay and daily hospitalization cost were still statistically significant. Further studies found that health insurance status was the leading factors influencing length of stay (β =-0.305, P=0.0000001), nursing costs (β =-0.319, P=0.004), daily hospitalization costs (β =0.296, P=0.0001) and occurrence of clinical events (β =-0.186, OR=0.830, 95%CI 0.694-0.993, P=0.041). Conclusions The hospitalization cost, length of stay, nursing work and therapeutic effect of acute myocardial infarction patients are affected by different health insurance status and age.
A physical activity coaching intervention can increase and maintain physical activity and health-related outcomes in adult ambulatory care patients in a regional hospital: the Healthy4U-2 randomised controlled trial
Authors: Barrett Stephen , Begg Steve , O'Halloran Paul , Kingsley Michael 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The Healthy 4U-2 study sought to evaluate the effect of a twelve-week, physical activity (PA) coaching intervention for changes and maintenance in PA, anthropometrics and health-related outcomes in adults presenting to an ambulatory hospital clinic.Methods: One hundred and twenty insufficiently active adults were recruited from an ambulatory hospital clinic and randomised to an intervention group that received an education session and five 20-minute telephone sessions of PA coaching, or to a control group that received the education session only. ActiGraph GT3X accelerometers were used to measure moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) at baseline, post-intervention (3 months) and follow-up (9 months). Secondary outcome measures (anthropometrics, PA self-efficacy, health-related and quality of life) were also assessed at the three time points.Results: At baseline, the mean age and body mass index of participants were 53 ± 8 years and 31 ± 4 kg/m2, respectively. Relative to control, the intervention group increased objectively measured MVPA at post-intervention (p<0.001) and 9 months follow-up (p<0.001). At the 9-month follow-up the intervention group completed 22 min/day of MVPA (95% CI: 20 to 25 min/day), which is sufficient to meet the recommended PA guidelines. The intervention group exhibited beneficial changes in body mass (p<0.001), waist circumference (p<0.001), body mass index (p<0.001), PA self-efficacy (p<0.001), and health-related quality of life (p<0.001) at the 9-month follow-up.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a low contact PA coaching intervention results in beneficial changes in PA, anthropometrics and health-related outcomes in insufficiently active adults presenting to an ambulatory care clinic. The significant beneficial changes were measured at post-intervention and the 9-month follow-up, demonstrating a maintenance effect of the intervention. Trial registration: Prospectively registered on the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR). Trial registration number: ACTRN12619000036112. http://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=376318
Development of a Complex Exercise Rehabilitation Intervention for People with Pulmonary Hypertension: The Supervised Pulmonary Hypertension Exercise Rehabilitation (SPHERe) Trial
Authors: Ennis Stuart , Sandhu Harbinder , Bruce Julie , Seers Kate , Pincus Tamar , Mason James , Lall Ranjit , Ji Chen , Banerjee Prithwish , Canaway Alastair , Booth Katie , Taylor Stephanie J. C. , Robertson Elizabeth , Singh Sally , Fitzmaurice David , Bowater Sarah , Clift Paul , Underwood Martin , McGregor Gordon 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: People with pulmonary hypertension (PH) are not routinely referred for exercise rehabilitation despite the potential for reducing breathlessness and improving quality of life. We describe the development of a supervised exercise-based rehabilitation programme for this group. The intervention will be tested in a randomised controlled trial (Supervised Pulmonary Hypertension Exercise Rehabilitation trial: SPHERe).Methods: Work was completed in three phases; 1) systematic review, 2) stakeholder engagement with consensus from expert opinion, and 3) intervention piloting and acceptability testing. Our systematic reviews identified exercise interventions for pulmonary hypertension. The draft intervention was ratified through discussions with representatives from medicine, exercise physiology, psychology, and patients. We subsequently assessed the SPHERe intervention in a pre-pilot. Results: Systematic reviews report that exercise might be safe and effective in this population. We found that other exercise interventions were within existing international cardiopulmonary rehabilitation guidelines. Stakeholder opinion and consensus shaped components of the SPHERe intervention, including addition of individual behavioural education sessions to promote adherence to exercise. Our pre-pilot investigation identified a number of condition-specific issues relating to safety and fear avoidance. We addressed these by adding two familiarisation sessions. The development of comprehensive intervention training manuals for participants and practitioners will ensure standardised delivery.Discussion: The SPHERe intervention incorporates three main components: supervised gym exercise, behavioural strategies to encourage adherence, and a home exercise plan for people with pulmonary hypertension. We will evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the SPHERe intervention in a multicentre randomised controlled trial for people with pulmonary hypertension (ISCRTN no.:10608766)