bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Soil Physicochemical Parameters and Seasonal Variations on the Occurrence of Keratinophilic Fungi of Murtala Amusement Park in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: I. Hamza U. , C. Emere M. , Bulus T. 
Published: October 2019

Keratinophilic fungi are the prime cause of various mycotic infections among children. Murtala Amusement Park is one of the preferred recreation grounds in Minna. The aim of this research was to investigate the occurrence of fungal species at Murtala Amusement Park, Minna, with the goal of identifying keratinophilic species among them. A total of 360 soil samples from six different important sites in the Park were collected during dry and rainy seasons. A total of 542 isolates from eleven genera were identified; Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Mucor, Chrysosporium, Alternaria, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Microsporum, and Rhizopus. A total of 142 and 399 fungal isolates were isolated during dry and rainy seasons respectively. Out of the soil physicochemical parameters analyzed, only Ca and Mg showed significant correlation with a number of the fungal colony at 1 % and 5 % levels of significance respectively and it occurred during dry season. There was no association between the numbers of fungal isolates recorded across the two seasons. Maximum percentage of contribution was observed with Aspergillus niger in both seasons. While the minimum percentage of contribution was observed with Microsporum gypseum (1.40 %) and Paecilomyces variottii (2.51 %) during the rainy and dry seasons respectively. Simpson’s dominance of fungal species showed 10.86 and 9.84 for dry and rainy season respectively. Evenness of fungal species at dry and rainy seasons were 0.0759 and 0.0247 respectively. Diversity index of fungal species were 2.531 and 0.908 for Shannon’s Index and Simpson’s Index respectively. A very high incidence of keratinophilic fungi demonstrated in the soil of Murtala Amusement Park is a noteworthy finding for public health significance.
Isolation of Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria and Plasmid Analysis for alk B Gene Primers
Authors: O. Edet U. , P. Antai S. , D. Asitok A. , A. Brooks A. 
Published: October 2019

Hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms elaborate a number of hydrocarbons utilising genes that enable them to use crude oil hydrocarbons as carbon sources. These genes could either be located on the plasmid or chromosome. The primary aim of this study was, therefore, to isolate hydrocarbon utilising microbes and profile their plasmid for alkB gene. The physicochemical, microbiological and plasmid analyses were done using standard methods described previously. Plasmid profiling for the alkB gene was carried with four selected bacteria isolates using the universal degenerate primers Rh alkB1-F: ATCTGGGCGCGTTGGGATTTGAGCG, Rh alkB1-R: CGCATGGTGATCGCTGTGCCGCTGC and Pp alkBP-F: TGGCCGGCT ACTCCGATGATCGGAATCTGG, Pp alkBP-R: GCGTGGTGATCCGAGTGCCGCTGAAGGTG. Physicochemical analysis revealed anthropogenic influence on the environment as iron and copper levels were higher than permissible international levels. Aerobic counts for bacteria were higher than those of fungi with values that ranged from 70 to 92 (x106) CFU/g for bacteria and 14 to 19 (x103) CFU/g for fungi. Microbiological and biochemical characterisation revealed that the hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial isolates were Enterobacter sp, Bacillus sp, Micrococcus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Corynebacterium sp and Klebsiella sp while the fungal isolates were Penicillium sp, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp, Rhizopus sp and Aspergillus sp. Molecular characterisation revealed that the selected isolates for plasmid profiling were Bacillus thuringiensis, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Bacillus cereus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Plasmid profiling revealed that none of the isolates were positive for the monoxygenase (alk B) genes. The findings in this study support earlier findings that indicated that the chromosome could indeed a preferred location for domiciliation of functional genes.
Evaluation of the Microbial Quality of ‘Nono’ Sold in Mangu Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Dafur G. S. , Iheukwumere C. C. , Azua E. T. , Dafur B. S. 
Published: October 2019

Aim: To assess the microbial quality and safety or otherwise of ‘nono’ sold to the public for consumption.
Study Design: A cross sectional study design was employed for the study.
Place and Duration of Study: Mangu Local Government Area, Plateau State is the study area. The study lasted between May 2017 and June 2018.
Methodology: Questionnaire was administered to 300 ‘nono’ sellers and subsequently, 300 ‘nono’ samples were randomly collected (30 samples collected at intervals) from 10 markets and the samples were transported to central diagnostic laboratory of the National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) Vom, Plateau State for laboratory analyses of the samples using serial dilution and spread-plate technique.
Results: Results showed that majority (86.0%) of the respondents depends on selling ‘nono’ as the only source of income, and 75.7 % of them had no formal education. An overall mean total bacterial count (TBC) of 6.09 Log10cfuml-l was recorded from all the samples. Majority of the ‘nono’ samples collected from the different markets had significantly higher bacterial count than the recommended level of 5.0 Log10cfuml-1 set by the International Farm Comparison Network (IFCN) for a minimum acceptable level of bacterial count in milk and milk products. Bacteria isolated were Coliforms, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus with overall prevalence of 52.7%, 43.0%, 10.0%, 8.3%, 5.0%, and 16.3% which recorded overall mean counts of 4.37, 3.56, 0.83, 0.69, 0.41 and 1.30 Log10cfuml-1, respectively. Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Penicillium spp., Mucor spp., Rhizopus spp. and Candida spp. isolated from the products had an overall prevalence of 25.7 % and overall mean fungal count of 2.13 Log10cfuml-1. A statistically significant (P<0.05) difference was established among the means of the microbial groups.
Conclusion: Microbiological safety of ‘nono’ sold in Mangu is not guaranteed as at time of study possibly as a result of unhygienic practices during ‘nono’ production and product contamination from the vendors.
Production of Plant Growth Regulators by Some Fungi Isolated under Salt Stress
Authors: Solyman Samah N. El-Dien , Abdel-Monem Mohamed O. , Abou-Taleb Khadiga A. , Osman Hany S. , El-Sharkawy Reyad M. 
Published: October 2019

Fifty-eight fungal isolates were isolated from salt soil, whey and salt fish on medium supplemented with 0.5% NaCl. Out of 58 isolates, 49 were capable to grow on medium supplemented with 1 % NaCl. These halo-tolerant isolates were tested to produce plant growth regulators (PGR) on solid or in broth medium. On solid medium, 9 halo-tolerant isolates out of 58 isolates were gave indole acetic acid (IAA) which appeared red zone around growth zone with index ranged from 0.25 to 0.56. While in broth medium, 9 isolates were tried to produce IAA and gibberellic acid (GA) in presence of NaCl at 0.5 or 1%. The maximum IAA and GA production were obtained by FS12 isolate (4.32 and 4.52 mg/100ml) and by FW2 isolate (2.71 and 2.92 mg/100ml) at 0.5% and 1% NaCl, respectively. FS12 was selected as the most efficient isolate for plant growth regulators (PGR) production and identified as Aspergillus niger. Carbon and nitrogen sources were studiedfor PGR optimization by the tested strain. Whey and peptone were used as a sole carbon and nitrogen source, where increased the IAA and GA production about 15.4% and 71.3% as compared to control (basal medium).
Microbiological and Proximate Analyses of Lebanese Bread (Pita) from Akure Metropolis
Authors: Aruwa Christiana E. , Farotimi Ayobami R. 
Published: October 2019

Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the microbial quality and proximate composition of pita samples from Akure metropolis.
Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology and Industrial Chemistry laboratories of the Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA), Ondo State, Nigeria, between January 2016 and June 2016.
Methodology: Pita samples were evaluated using standard microbiological techniques to ascertain microbial load and types after purchase from vendors utilizing them alone or in production of other foods. Antibiotic susceptibility profile of isolates was also determined. Proximate composition analysis of samples was also performed.
Results: Average bacterial count was 1.0±0.9 cfu/g, while average fungal count was 2.0±1.2 sfu/g. The fungi isolated were Rhizopus stolonifer, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger; while the bacteria isolated were Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus sp., Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus vulgaris. Microbial zones of inhibition ranged from 17 mm to 23.50 mm. Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were most susceptible to gentamycin, pefloxacin and amoxycillin, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus showed the widest antimicrobial resistant pattern. The highest carbohydrate content was recorded as 78.99 %, while bread samples showed low ash content (0.65 %).
Conclusion: Pita bread is not a common staple compared to leavened breads but provides appreciable level of nutrients. Pita bread requires regular microbial assessment to determine their safety for direct consumption or use in production of other food products.
Antibacterial Activity of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) against Clinical Bacterial Isolates
Authors: Mohammed Walla Fadel , Saleh Bushra Hindi , Ibrahim Reem Naem , Hassan Mohammed Bdaiwy 
Published: October 2019

Aims: The objective of the present study was to investigate the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of ginger extracts against some pathogenic bacteria responsible for Urinary tract infection.
Study Design: A total of 35 samples were collected from patients with UTIs and wound infections.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at 2 hospitals in Baghdad from1/7/2017 to 1/9/2017
Methodology: The urine sample was collected using a sterile container, while a swap from the infected wound was also taken. The classical methods for diagnosis pathogenic bacteria in urine and wound are based on culture on different microbiological media including. Blood agar, nutrient agar, then incubated at 37°C for 24 hrs. The diagnostic procedures consisted of direct microscopy observation, Gram staining, Biochemical tests, Catalase and coagulase tests.
Results: Results show that 30.55%, 38.8%, 19.46% and 11.11% isolates gave typical morphological characteristics and biochemical test for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonae and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility test reveals that Escherichia coli isolates were 100% sensitive to gentamicin, tetracycline, streptomycine. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates reveal that 100% of them were sensitive to gentamicin, Imipenem, ampicillin and streptomycine. Staphylococcus aureus isolates reveal that 100% of them were sensitive to Gentamycine, tetracycline and streptomycine. Klebsiella pneumonae isolates reveal that 100% of them were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and Imipenem. Ginger roots extract at high concentration (250,500 mg/ml) have strong antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonae).
Conclusion: This study has shown that ginger extracts possess medicinal properties, antibacterial activity and that the inhibition of bacterial growth was dose dependent. The results of the present study show that ginger extracts are more effective against all tested bacterial strains. The results of present study have provided the justification for therapeutic potential of ginger and also used as dietary supplement for food preservation.
Preliminary Screening for Antibacterial Properties of the Male Flowers of Phoenix dactylifera
Authors: Abdallah Emad M. 
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial potential of the male flowers of Phoenix dactylifera (date palm tree) against five Gram-positive and five Gram-negative bacteria.
Methods: Male flowers were collected and extracted by maceration using 80% methanol and the antibacterial activity was determined using cup-plate diffusion test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests.
Results: The methanol extract of male flowers of Phoenix dactylifera showed varying degrees of antibacterial activity against tested bacterial strains, the most susceptible Gram-positive bacteria were Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus pneumonia which recorded 12.2±0.3 and 9.0±0.0 mm zone of inhibition (ZI), MIC values were 50 and 100 mg/ml, MBC values were 200 and ˂200 mg/ml, respectively. The most susceptible Gram-negative bacteria were Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa which recorded 10.0±0.0, 9.7±0.3 and 9.0±0.0 mm ZI, MIC values were 100 mg/ml and MBC values were 200 mg/ml, respectively. Based on MBC/MIC ratio, the extract has some degree of bactericidal effect. However, the results were not competitive with the standard drug (Chloramphenicol).
Conclusion: As a result, the tested methanol extract of male flowers of date palm tree exhibited some degree of antibacterial activity with a bactericidal property. More future studies such as fractionation process are required to isolate and investigate its bioactive compounds.
First Case of Qnr B6 and Qnr B7 Genes in Enterobacteriaceae Producing Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases in Abidjan, Côte D'ivoire
Authors: Victoire Gadou , Anatole Toty Abalé , Fernique Konan , Bertin Tiékoura Konan , Baguy Ouattara Mohamed , Nathalie Guessennd Kouadio , Joseph Djaman Allico 
Published: October 2019

Aims: The aim of this study was to characterize fluoroquinolone resistance genes in enterobacteriaceae that produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases, isolated in Abidjan.
Place and Duration of Study: Pasteur Institute of Côte d'Ivoire and research unit on emerging tropical infectious diseases of Aix-Marseille University from January 2017 at July 2017.
Methodology: The study included 90 enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases isolated from biological products from various hospital services in Abidjan. These strains have been pre-identified and stored at the Center for Biological Resources (CeReB) of Pasteur Institute of Côte d'Ivoire. The identification of the strains was confirmed using the mass spectrometry MALDI-TOF (MS) and the antibiotic sensitivity test was performed using Müeller Hinton's agar diffusion method. The fluoroquinolone resistant genes were detected by conventional PCR and then, sequenced.
Results: The strains studied were Escherichia coli (44), Klebsiella pneumoniae (31) and Enterobacter cloacae (15). High resistance rates to ceftriaxone (96.7%), cefotaxime (95.6%), aztreonam (95.6%) and cefoxitin (72.2%) were observed in all strains producing broad spectrum β-lactamases. The resistance rate to fluororquinolones represented by ciprofloxacin was 86.7%. The fluoroquinolone resistance genes detected were qnr A (3.3%) and qnr B (42.2%). Sequencing identified the qnr A1 (3.3%), qnr B1 (31.1%), qnr B6 (2.2%) and qnr B7 (1.1%) genes.
Conclusion: This study made it possible to identify fluoroquinolone resistance genes in enterobacteriaceae producing β-lactamases which have an extended spectrum in Abidjan.
Fosfomycin an Alternative for the Treatment of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Authors: Sattar Madiha , Mubashir Farheen , Ibrahim Urooj M. , Buksh Ahmad Raheem , Siddiqui Fraz , Hafiz Saleem 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Fosfomycin an antibiotic having unique chemical structure possess broad-spectrum activity against numerous pathogenic organisms including both gram negative and gram positive bacteria including multi-resistant strains. In early 1970 this antibiotic was accepted in clinical practice, but for several years the use of fosfomycin was limited for treating uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections. However, fosfomycin achieves clinically relative concentrations in serum, cerebrospinal fluid, other body fluids, lung, kidney, bladder wall, prostate gland, heart valve tissues, other inflamed tissues, abscess, and bone as well and has shown the good activity in treating severe infections caused by multi-resistant pathogens at various body sites. The objective of the study was to evaluate fosfomycin as an alternative treatment against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a tertiary care hospital.
Materials and Methods: The Prospective Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory at the Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT) Hospital, Karachi, June 2017 till January 2018. A total of 147 specimens were collected from various body sites include blood, fluids like pleural fluid, synovial fluids, broncho-alveolar lavage, urine, pus and tissues were identified to genus level by a routine biochemical test. Antimicrobial sensitivity was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. All fosfomycin susceptible isolates i.e. Zone size of ≥16 mm and resistant isolates as zone size <16 mm were evaluated.
Results: Out of 147 isolates 113 (76.9%) isolates were from blood, 12 (8.2%) were from other body fluids, 14(5%) were from pus and 8 (4%) from Urine. All 147 isolates were resistant to methicillin. Out of 147 isolates of MRSA 143(97.3%) were sensitive to fosfomycin and only 4 (2.7%) were found to be resistant.
Conclusion: Fosfomycin proved to be a very good alternative for treating MRSA because of good activity against this pathogen as well as good penetration of fosfomycin in serum; tissues, cerebrospinal fluid and other body fluids make this drug effective in treating infections at various body sites.
Microbiological and Nutritional Changes Associated with the Thermal Processing and Fermentation of African Oilbean (Pentaclethra macrophylla) Seeds for ugba Production
Authors: Obi C. N. , James M. U. 
Published: October 2019

Boiled slices of African oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla) seeds were subjected to a 72-hour traditional fermentation to produce ugba for the evaluation of the effect of boiling and fermentation on the nutritional status of the seeds. Bacterial isolates recovered from the fermenting substrate include Bacillus, Streptococcus, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Micrococcus, Lactobacillus and Proteus species while Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Rhizopus spp were the fungi isolated. Bacillus and Lactobacillus spp were the predominant bacterial starter cultures because they persisted from the beginning till the end of the fermentation. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the predominant fungus. Fermentation and boiling improved the nutritional values of the protein, fat, fibre, moisture and ash contents of the ugba samples after 72 hours of fermentation with an increase in pH value towards alkalinity. However, both processes decreased the carbohydrate content of the ugba. Sensory evaluation showed that the laboratory-produced ugba sample compared with the local market sourced ugba in sensory properties. At the end of the fermentation, food borne spoilers and pathogens that were part of the contaminats of the fermenting samples were eliminated by the microbial metabolites thus making ugba safe for human consumption. The ugba can also stay for some days without spoilage in the absence of refrigeration.
Influence of Different Families of Commercial Antibiotics on Controlling Nosocomial Infections
Authors: Abdel-Raouf Mohamed , Aldeweik Hisham M. , Albannan Mohamed S. , Zaki Mohamed M. , Abdelkader Ahmed E. , Moemen Dalia 
Published: October 2019

Aims: Nosocomial infection (NI) is one of the most important problems facing the world. This work is dedicated to investigating the prevalence rates of NI in addition to estimating the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of commercial antibiotics on isolated bacteria in order to determine the most diluted antibiotic that performed well with more efficiency and minimal toxicity.
Place and Duration of Study: Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt, between July 2017 and July 2018.
Methodology: This study included 368 different samples (urine, stool, sputum and surgical wounds) from 100 patients A total of 15 commercial antibiotics selected from seven families having different mode of action were used.
Results: Our findings demonstrated that the highest prevalence rate of NI was detected in K. pneumoniae (40%, n=56) followed by MRSA (22.85%, n=32), E. coli (20%, n=28), P. mirabilis (7.85%, n=11), P. putida (5%, n=7) and finally P. aeruginosa (4.3%, n=6). In addition, the results showed variable MICs of various antibiotics on isolated bacteria associated with NI.
Conclusion: Interestingly, our findings showed that quinolones family had the highest impact on all types of isolated bacteria associated with nosocomial infections.
H
ydrogenophilalia
Authors: Boden Rich , Hutt Lee P , Rae Alex 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Hy.dro.ge.no.phi.la'li.a. N.L. masc. n.
Hydrogenophilus
type genus; suff. ‐
alia
suffix to denote a class; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Hydrogenophilalia
the class of the
Bacteria
having 16S rRNA gene sequences and ribosomal protein amino acyl sequences related to those of the order
Hydrogenophilales
.

Proteobacteria / Hydrogenophilalia

Cells are rods and are motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores, exospores, and cysts are not produced. Obligately respiratory metabolism using molecular oxygen or nitrate as terminal electron acceptors. Members of the class grow heterotrophically or facultatively autotrophically. Fatty acids, amino acids, aromatic compounds, and complex media support heterotrophic growth and molecular hydrogen acts as the electron donor for autotrophic growth. Thermophiles with optimal growth between 50 and 65°C. Cytochrome
c
oxidase‐positive, catalase‐positive. The major respiratory quinone is ubiquinone‐8 (UQ‐8). Dominant fatty acids are C
16:0
, C
19:0
cyclo
, and C
17:0
cyclo
—the high proportions of
ω
‐cyclohexyl fatty acids being distinctive of the class versus the
Betaproteobacteria
. The class accommodates the single order
Hydrogenophilales
. Members of the class were isolated from waters and soils obtained from both natural (
viz
. thermal springs in Iceland, the United States of America, India and Japan, and from the oilfields of Australia) as well as from anthropogenic environments (high‐temperature sludge digester in Portugal).

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 58.6–65.0.

Type order
:
Hydrogenophilales
Garrity, Bell and Lilburn 2006, 2
VP
(Effective publication: Garrity, Bell and Lilburn 2005, 763).