bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Powder characterization and part density for powder bed fusion of 17-4 PH stainless steel
Authors: Dobson Sean Daniel , Starr Thomas Louis 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Characteristics of the metal powder are a key factor in the success of powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing. Powders for PBF from different manufacturers may have a different particle size and/or bulk packing and flow behavior. Powder properties change as the powder is reused for multiple builds. This study seeks to measure the variability of commercial 17-4 PH stainless steel powders to determine the effect of powder variability on part density and demonstrate characterization methods that ensure part quality.

Design/methodology/approach
Commercial atomized metal powders from four different vendors were produced with two different atomizing gases (N2 and argon). Powder was characterized in both new and extensively reused conditions. All powders were characterized for flow and packing behavior, particle size and internal porosity. Coupons were manufactured using the laser PBF process with optimized scan strategy and exposure parameters. The quality of fabricated parts was measured using bulk density measurement.

Findings
Despite differences in powder flowability and particle size, fully dense parts (>99 per cent) were produced using all powders, except one. Residual porosity in these parts appeared to result from gas trapped in the powder particles. The powder with extensive reuse (400+ h in machine fabrication environment) exhibited reduced flowability and increased fraction of fine particles, but still produced full density parts.

Originality/value
This study demonstrates that full density parts can be fabricated using powders with a range of flowability and packing behavior. This suggests that a single flowability measurement may be sufficient for quality assurance in a production environment.
Experimental and computational analysis of mechanical properties of RGD840 material manufactured through PolyJet process
Authors: Maurya Nagendra Kumar , Rastogi Vikas , Singh Pushpendra 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
Nowadays, the PolyJet technique is used to fabricate low volume functional parts in engineering and biomedical applications. However, the mechanical properties of the components fabricated through this process are inferior in comparison to components fabricated through the traditional manufacturing process. This paper aims to attempt to investigate the influence of process parameters, i.e. raster angle, orientation and type of surface finish on mechanical properties of RGD840 material manufactured by the PolyJet process.

Design/methodology/approach
Initially, this study focuses on experimental evaluation of elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength and percentage elongation of the material. Further detailed experimental study of true stress, true strain, and plastic strain are conducted. Computational analysis of plastic strain is performed by using finite element analysis (FEA) software ABAQUS. The value of strength coefficient (K) and strain hardening coefficient (n) is calculated by using the graphical method from the true stress-plastic strain curve.

Findings
It is observed that 90º raster angle, flat orientation and glossy surface are the best level of process parameters for the tensile strength, true stress and modules of elasticity of the RGD840 material and the obtained value are 27.88, 30.134 and 2891.5 MPa, respectively. The percentage elongation is maximum at 60º raster angle, flat orientation, and matte finish type and the obtained value is 23.38%. The optimum level of process parameters are 90° raster angle, Flat orientation, with Glossy surface finish. SEM analysis of the fracture surface of the tensile test specimen proves that the fracture surface is brittle in nature.

Originality/value
The novelty of this work lies in the fact that no attempts were made to investigate the computational investigation of mechanical properties of RGD840 material.
Training in the use of intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring with cardiotocography: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kelly S , Redmond P , King S , Oliver‐Williams C , Lamé G , Liberati E , Kuhn I , Winter C , Draycott T , Dixon‐Woods M , Burt J 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundSub‐optimal classification, interpretation and response to intrapartum electronic fetal monitoring using cardiotocography are known problems. Training is often recommended as a solution, but there is lack of clarity about the effects of training and which type of training works best.ObjectivesSystematic review of the effects of training healthcare professionals in intrapartum cardiotocography (PROSPERO protocol: CRD42017064525).Search strategyCENTRAL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, British Nursing Database, CINAHL, ERIC, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, grey literature and ongoing clinical trials were searched.Selection criteriaPrimary studies that reported impact of training healthcare professionals in intrapartum cardiotocography. Title/abstract, full‐text screening and quality assessment were conducted in duplicate.Data collection and analysisData were synthesised both narratively and using meta‐analysis. Risk of bias and overall quality were assessed with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and GRADE.Main resultsSixty‐four studies were included. Overall, training and reporting were heterogeneous, the outcomes evaluated varied widely and study quality was low. Five randomised controlled trials reported that training improved knowledge of maternity professionals compared with no training, but evidence was of low quality. Evidence for the impact of cardiotocography training on neonatal and maternal outcomes was limited, showed inconsistent effects, and was of low overall quality. Evidence for the optimal content and method of delivery of training was very limited.ConclusionsGiven the scale of harm and litigation claims associated with electronic fetal monitoring, the evidence‐base for training requires improvement. It should address intervention design, evaluation of clinical outcomes and system‐wide contexts of sub‐optimal practice.Tweetable abstractTraining in fetal monitoring: systematic review finds little evidence of impact on neonatal outcomes.
Overcrowding kills: How COVID‐19 could reshape emergency department patient flow in the new normal
Authors: Dinh Michael M , Berendsen Russell Saartje 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe ongoing public health crisis due to COVID‐19 highlights the importance of a coordinated system‐wide approach to health resource management, and the need to mitigate the risk of ED overcrowding. We provide a brief perspective on the current evidence and why a fundamental shift in approach is required. Current time‐based performance targets have hindered efforts to address core issues around patient flow in EDs. A stronger focus on optimising hospital occupancy, clinician engagement and data would facilitate more appropriate and sustainable solutions to the problem. Appropriate policy drivers are required to facilitate whole‐of‐hospital models of care, with a focus on avoidable admissions, complications and reduced hospital length of stay.
Imaging triage of acute stroke patients for endovascular clot retrieval: Effect of increased therapeutic window on the utilization of CT perfusion
Authors: Fernandez Michelle , Farmer Caitlin , Egerton–Warburton Diana , Clark Jennifer , Paul Eldho , Chong Winston , Goergen Stacy K 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionRecent randomized trials showing improved outcomes for later‐presenting acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) treated with endovascular clot retrieval (ECR) may result in substantial increases in CTP utilization. This 3‐hospital, single‐institution cohort study aimed to compare 2017 and 2018 patient cohorts for the following:

CTP use in AIS.
Prevalence of LVO in all patients having CTP.
Number and clinical characteristics of patients triaged to ECR.
Number of patients receiving CTP relative to similar‐acuity total ED presentations.
MethodsInclusion criteria: Consecutive adult emergency (ED) patients receiving CTP for suspected AIS. Study period 1:1 January–30 June 2017; Period 2:1 January–30 June 2018. Data collection: age, gender, triage category, NIHSS (National Institute of Health Stroke Score), symptoms/signs, time elapsed since last seen well (TESLSW) to triage, disposition (home/other).ResultsA 38.7 % increase in CTP (512 in 2017, 710 in 2018) occurred with 39/512 (7.6%) and 72/710 (10.1%) having intended ECR. CTPs per intended ECR declined from 13.1 to 9.9. 36/512 (7.0%) and 58/710 (8.2%) patients had ECR (61.1% increase) and 22/36 (61.1%) and 25/58 (43.1%) of these were discharged home in 2017 and 2018, respectively, an increase of 3/22(14%).ConclusionDespite a 38.7% increase in CTP utilization, we experienced a reduction in the number of CTPs performed/patient triaged to ECR. This did not reflect higher LVO prevalence among later presenters but may reflect changed selection criteria for CTP and/or decision making about suitability for ECR.
SCycDB: A curated functional gene database for metagenomic profiling of sulphur cycling pathways
Authors: Yu Xiaoli , Zhou Jiayin , Song Wen , Xu Mengzhao , He Qiang , Peng Yisheng , Tian Yun , Wang Cheng , Shu Longfei , Wang Shanquan , Yan Qingyun , Liu Jihua , Tu Qichao , He Zhili 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMicroorganisms play important roles in the biogeochemical cycling of sulphur (S), an essential element in the Earth's biosphere. Shotgun metagenome sequencing has opened a new avenue to advance our understanding of S cycling microbial communities. However, accurate metagenomic profiling of S cycling microbial communities remains technically challenging, mainly due to low coverage and inaccurate definition of S cycling gene families in public orthology databases. Here we developed a manually curated S cycling database (SCycDB) to profile S cycling functional genes and taxonomic groups for shotgun metagenomes. The developed SCycDB contains 207 gene families and 585,055 representative sequences affiliated with 52 phyla and 2684 genera of bacteria/archaea, and 20,761 homologous orthology groups were also included to reduce false positive sequence assignments. SCycDB was applied for functional and taxonomic analysis of S cycling microbial communities from four habitats (freshwater, hot spring, marine sediment and soil). Gene families and microorganisms involved in S reduction were abundant in the marine sediment, while those of S oxidation and dimethylsulphoniopropionate transformation were abundant in the soil. SCycDB is expected to be a useful tool for fast and accurate metagenomic analysis of S cycling microbial communities in the environment.
Frailty, and not medicines with anticholinergic or sedative effects, predicts adverse outcomes in octogenarians admitted for myocardial infarction: Population‐level study
Authors: Lopez Derrick , Preen David B. , Etherton‐Beer Christopher , Sanfilippo Frank M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo determine independent associations between the use of medicines with anticholinergic or sedative effects and frailty with outcomes of length of stay (LOS), coronary artery procedure performed and 30‐day deaths in octogenarians admitted for a myocardial infarction (MI).MethodsWe quantified patient exposure to medicines with anticholinergic or sedative effects using the drug burden index (DBI) and frailty using the hospital frailty risk score (HFRS). We used multivariable regression methods to determine the association between DBI and HFRS with outcomes of LOS, coronary artery procedures performed and 30‐day deaths.ResultsHFRS and not DBI score was significantly associated with receipt of coronary artery procedures (odds ratio [OR] 0.42; 95% CI 0.28‐0.62 for high‐ versus low‐risk groups) and 30‐day deaths (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.12‐2.24 for high‐ versus low‐risk groups).ConclusionFrailty risk is a more important predictor of outcomes than DBI score for octogenarians with an MI.
Two robust tools for inference about causal effects with invalid instruments
Authors: Kang Hyunseung , Lee Youjin , Cai T. Tony , Small Dylan S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractInstrumental variables have been widely used to estimate the causal effect of a treatment on an outcome. Existing confidence intervals for causal effects based on instrumental variables assume that all of the putative instrumental variables are valid; a valid instrumental variable is a variable that affects the outcome only by affecting the treatment and is not related to unmeasured confounders. However, in practice, some of the putative instrumental variables are likely to be invalid. This paper presents two tools to conduct valid inference and tests in the presence of invalid instruments. First, we propose a simple and general approach to construct confidence intervals based on taking unions of well‐known confidence intervals. Second, we propose a novel test for the null causal effect based on a collider bias. Our two proposals outperform traditional instrumental variable confidence intervals when invalid instruments are present and can also be used as a sensitivity analysis when there is concern that instrumental variables assumptions are violated. The new approach is applied to a Mendelian randomization study on the causal effect of low‐density lipoprotein on globulin levels.
Protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+‐dependent 1D (PPM1D) mutations in haematological cancer
Authors: Husby Simon , Hjermind Justesen Emma , Grønbæk Kirsten 
Published: December 2020

SummaryUntil recently, the protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+‐dependent 1D (PPM1D) gene had not been examined in haematological cancer, but several studies have now explored the functional role of this gene and its aberrations. It is often mutated in the context of clonal haemopoiesis (including in patients with lymphoma, myeloproliferative neoplasms and myelodysplastic syndrome) and mutations have been associated with exposure to cytotoxic and radiation therapy, development of therapy‐related neoplasms and inferior survival. The vast majority of PPM1D mutations found in haematopoietic cells are of the nonsense or frameshift type and located within terminal exon 6. These genetic defects are rarely found in the blood of healthy individuals. PPM1D encodes the PPM1D phosphatase [also named wild‐type p53‐induced phosphatase 1 (WIP1)], which negatively regulates signalling molecules within the DNA damage response pathway, including tumour suppressor p53. Clonal expansion of PPM1D mutant haematopoietic cells can potentially be prevented with inhibitors; however, human trials are awaited. In the present review, we provide a review of the literature regarding PPM1D and its role in haematological cancer.
New Interest Associations in a Neo‐Corporatist System: Adapting the Swiss Training System to the Service Economy
Authors: Strebel Alexandra , Emmenegger Patrick , Graf Lukas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCollective skill formation systems need to adapt to economic change, most notably the expansion of the service economy. However, deeply anchored in the craft and industrial sectors, these systems rely on neo‐corporatist institutions to undergird firms’ training provision, which are often missing in the service sector. We show that Switzerland's voluntaristic approach to interest intermediation provided the flexibility needed to extend vocational training to economic sectors without neo‐corporatist institutions. Yet, these adaptations resulted in the emergence of interest associations characterised by low levels of generalisability and governability. These new associations co‐exist with neo‐corporatist ones, rendering the overall training system surprisingly heterogeneous.
A disability‐based exploration of psychosocial barriers and enablers to accessing dental services for people with clinically severe obesity: A qualitative study
Authors: Malik Zanab , Holden Alexander C. L. , Sohn Woosung , Williams Kathryn 
Published: December 2020

SummaryThis qualitative study aimed to explore psychosocial barriers and enablers to accessing dental services for people with clinically severe obesity (PwCSO). Eight focus groups were conducted by one researcher with 40 adult participants at the Adult Healthy Weight Clinic within a hospital‐based obesity service. Thematic analysis of focus group transcripts was performed to reveal insights relating to how PwCSO experience dental care and view oral health. A total of 11 participants were male, 29 female, all between the ages of 23 to 74 (mean age of 50). The body mass index of participants ranged from 31.6 to 84.6 kg/m2. The results highlighted four key themes, including “disempowerment to act to improve oral health”, “weight‐related stigma and discrimination”, “unpredictability of the dental environment” and a “lack of tailored services for PwCSO”. A number of subthemes were identified, which reflect the six categories of barriers to access from the disability literature: availability, affordability, acceptability, accommodation, accessibility and appropriateness. These were explored to further appreciate the unique psychosocial considerations for this group. This study concluded that PwCSO face significant barriers to accessing dental services across all six categories highlighted in the disability literature. The study findings provide valuable patient‐based information regarding the psychosocial barriers to accessing dental services, which are relevant for all healthcare professionals. The study reflected an increased need for promotion of the dentist's role in obesity management and obesity‐related dental training, including familiarization with the biopsychosocial domains of obesity to reduce weight related stigma and discrimination, as an area for further study. The findings also guide the design of Specialized Bariatric Dental Services in the future, with a focus on enablers to access.
Application of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression for the histopathological comparison of chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis and hyperplastic actinic keratosis
Authors: Narala Saisindhu , Li Shirley Q. , Klimas Natasha K. , Patel Anisha B. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe distinction between chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis (CNH) and hyperplastic actinic keratosis (HAK) on the ear can pose a diagnostic challenge. We aimed to identify histopathological characteristics that could distinguish between CNH and HAK on routine sections using penalized least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression analysis.MethodsCases of CNH (n = 80) and HAK (n = 28) were analyzed for selected histopathological characteristics. Fisher's exact test and LASSO regression were performed.ResultsIn univariate analyses, the following were significantly associated with CNH: ulceration, acanthosis, granular layer in the majority of the lesion, hypergranulosis at the periphery of the lesion, hyperkeratosis at the periphery of the lesion, hyperparakeratosis at the periphery of the lesion, fibrosis, increased blood vessels, vertically oriented blood vessels, and fibrin. A LASSO model excluding atypia found that fibrin, fibrosis, presence of granular layer, ulceration, and vertically oriented blood vessels were most predictive of CNH. Keratinized strap cells were not a significant predictor.ConclusionWe have identified features that may aid in differentiating these entities and demonstrated that a LASSO regression model can identify predictors that may improve diagnostic accuracy. Our results indicate that the highest diagnostic accuracy in this dilemma is dependent on obtaining biopsy specimens with visible dermis.
Early intervention services, patterns of prescription and rates of discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment in first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Catalan Ana , García Lorena , Sanchez‐Alonso Sergio , Gil Patxi , Díaz‐Marsá Marina , Olivares José Manuel , Rivera‐Baltanás Tania , Pérez‐Martín Jorge , Torres Miguel Ángel González , Ovejero Santiago , Tost Meritxell , Bergé Daniel , Rodríguez Alfonso , Labad Javier 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsNon‐compliance is still an important problem in psychotic patients. Although antipsychotic (AP) treatment leads to a decrease in psychotic relapses, there are no clear recommendations about how long treatment should be maintained after first‐episode psychosis (FEP) and no indication of the rates and causes of treatment withdrawal in this group.MethodsWe evaluated a large sample of patients with FEP for 2 years to compare the time to all‐cause treatment discontinuation of AP drugs and the time to the first relapse. We collected the sociodemographic and psychopathological characteristics of the sample. The number of relapses was also recorded.ResultsA total of 310 FEP patients were assessed across seven early intervention teams (mean age = 30.2 years; SD = 11.2). The most prevalent diagnosis at baseline was psychotic disorder not otherwise specified (36.1%), and the most commonly used APs were risperidone (26.5%) and olanzapine (18.7%). A lack of efficacy was the most frequent reason for the withdrawal of the first AP prescribed, followed by non‐compliance. There were no differences in the relapse rates between different APs. Patients treated with long‐acting injectable (LAI) APs presented less disengagement from services than patients treated with oral APs.ConclusionsAlthough there were no differences between the different APs in terms of relapse rates, LAIs had higher retention rates than oral APs in early intervention services. Compliance is still an important issue in Psychiatry, so clinicians should use different strategies to encourage it, such as the use of LAI treatments.
Measuring personality traits in Eurasian red squirrels: A critical comparison of different methods
Authors: Santicchia Francesca , Van Dongen Stefan , Martinoli Adriano , Preatoni Damiano , Wauters Lucas Armand 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAnimal personality, behavioural differences among individuals which are consistent through time and contexts, is generally described by one or more traits. Different methods are used to measure these traits, such as behavioural observations and trapping indices. Comparing several methods allows to validate different tests and to better identify which aspect of an animal's personality is being measured. Here, we measured activity, exploration and immobility of Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) using observations from the open field test (OFT), and compared them with trappability and trap‐diversity indices calculated from capture–mark–recapture data in six independent study sites. Trappability measures the willingness to enter a baited trap (boldness), while trap‐diversity can be a proxy for exploration tendency. Our first aim was to test their repeatability, thus their appropriateness as candidate measures of personality traits. Next, we explored the predictions that (i) trappability, measuring boldness, does not correlate with any of the OFT personality traits, since risk‐taking cannot be expressed in our arena test; and (ii) trap‐diversity correlates with exploration obtained from the OFT. Considering the species ecology and study design, we used multivariate Bayesian models based on different time intervals (session/year) and habitat types (alpine/plain). We found significant repeatabilities for trappability, for trap‐diversity and for most OFT personality traits, except exploration in the plain sites. Independently from habitat type or time interval, trappability did not correlate with either activity, exploration or immobility from OFT, thus measuring a different personality axis, which we considered a proxy for boldness. Trap‐diversity did not correlate with exploration from OFT, but seems related to a different aspect of red squirrels' exploration tendency. Our study emphasizes that caution is needed when using behaviours from OFT to measure multiple personality traits and that applying extra methods based on animals’ responses to trapping can provide reliable proxies for boldness and exploration tendency.