bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are There Sex-Specific Neuromuscular or Force Responses to Fatiguing Isometric Muscle Actions Anchored to a High Perceptual Intensity?
Authors: Keller Joshua L. , Housh Terry J. , Hill Ethan C. , Smith Cory M. , Schmidt Richard J. , Johnson Glen O. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Keller, JL, Housh, TJ, Hill, EC, Smith, CM, Schmidt, RJ, and Johnson, GO. Are there sex-specific neuromuscular or force responses to fatiguing isometric muscle actions anchored to a high perceptual intensity? J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 156–161, 2022—The purpose of this study was to use the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) clamp model to examine sex-specific changes in neuromuscular responses and force after a sustained isometric leg extension muscle action anchored to RPE = 8. Twenty adults (10 men and 10 women) performed sustained, isometric leg extension muscle actions at RPE = 8. Electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic signals were recorded from the dominant leg. Neuromuscular and force values resulting from the sustained muscle action were normalized to pretest maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs). The level of significance set for the study was p ≤ 0.05. The pretest MVIC was significantly (p < 0.001) greater (averaged across sex) than posttest MVIC force (55.5 ± 10.0 vs. 47.6 ± 11.1 kg). There was a significant (p < 0.01) decrease from pretest (95.4 ± 7.7 Hz) to posttest (76.2 ± 5.9 Hz) in EMG mean power frequency (MPF) for the men. The normalized force (averaged across sex) decreased significantly (p < 0.001) from the initial timepoint (57.1 ± 16.4%) to the final timepoint (44.3 ± 15.7%) of the sustained muscle action. Normalized EMG MPF (averaged across sex) decreased significantly (p = 0.001) from the initial timepoint (96.4 ± 17.5%) to final timepoint (87.8 ± 18.1%). The men and women exhibited similar fatigue-induced changes in force and neuromuscular parameters; therefore, these findings did not indicate different sex-specific responses after the fatiguing task anchored to a high perception of exertion. The force corresponding to RPE = 8 did not match the anticipated value; so, RPE and percentages of MVIC cannot be used interchangeably, and sustained isometric muscle actions anchored to RPE may elicit unique neuromuscular adaptations.
Listening to Fast-Tempo Music Delays the Onset of Neuromuscular Fatigue
Authors: Centala Jacob , Pogorel Cameron , Pummill Scott W. , Malek Moh H. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Centala, J, Pogorel, C, Pummill, SW, and Malek, MH. Listening to fast-tempo music delays the onset of neuromuscular fatigue. J Strength Cond Res 34(3): 617–622, 2020—Studies determining the effect of music on physical performance have primarily focused on outcomes such as running time to exhaustion, blood lactate, or maximal oxygen uptake. The electromyographic fatigue threshold (EMGFT) is determined through a single incremental test and operationally defined as the highest exercise intensity that can be sustained indefinitely without an increase in EMG activity of the working muscle. To date, no studies have examined the role of fast-tempo music on EMGFT. The purpose of this investigation, therefore, was to determine whether fast-tempo music attenuates neuromuscular fatigue as measured by the EMGFT. We hypothesized that listening to fast-tempo music during exercise would increase the estimated EMGFT compared with the control condition. Secondarily, we hypothesized that maximal power output would also increase as a result of listening to fast-tempo music during the exercise workbout. Ten healthy college-aged men (mean ± SEM: age, 25.3 ± 0.8 years [range from 22 to 31 years]; body mass, 78.3 ± 1.8 kg; height: 1.77 ± 0.02 m) visited the laboratory on 2 occasions separated by 7 days. The EMGFT was determined from an incremental single-leg knee-extensor ergometer for each visit. In a randomized order, subjects either listened to music or no music for the 2 visits. All music was presented as instrumentals and randomized with a tempo ranging between 137 and 160 b·min−1. The results indicated that listening to fast-tempo music during exercise increased maximal power output (No Music: 48 ± 4; Music: 54 ± 3 W; p = 0.02) and EMGFT (No Music: 27 ± 3; Music: 34 ± 4 W; p = 0.008). There were, however, no significant mean differences between the 2 conditions (no music vs. music) for absolute and relative end-exercise heart rate as well as end-exercise rating of perceived exertion for the exercised leg. These findings suggest that listening to fast-tempo music increased overall exercise tolerance as well as the neuromuscular fatigue threshold. The results are applicable to both sport and rehabilitative settings.
Validity of the Wattbike 3-Minute Aerobic Test: Measurement and Estimation of V̇o 2max
Authors: Hanson Nicholas J. , Scheadler Cory M. , Katsavelis Dimitrios , Miller Michael G. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Hanson, NJ, Scheadler, CM, Katsavelis, D, and Miller, MG. Validity of the Wattbike 3-minute aerobic test: measurement and estimation of V̇o
2max. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 400–404, 2022—The Wattbike includes a 3-minute aerobic test (3mAT) along with an estimation of V̇o
2max. The estimation equation that is used is from a previous study using a different protocol and sedentary subjects. The purpose of this study was to determine whether (a) the 3mAT is able to elicit V̇o
2max, and (b) whether this estimation is accurate. Thirteen cyclists (10 men; age: 29.2 ± 10.0 years, height 178.7 ± 8.3 cm, and mass 75.1 ± 12.5 kg) with a range of experience volunteered for this study. At the first visit, a self-paced V̇o
2max (SPV) test was performed to obtain the “true” V̇o
2max. At the second session, subjects completed the 3mAT. Primary dependent variables included maximal values of oxygen consumption (V̇o
2), carbon dioxide production (V̇co
2), heart rate (HR), ventilation (VE), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER). A repeated-measures analysis of variance showed no difference (p = 0.367) between V̇o
2max values (3mAT estimation: 54.3 ± 9.3 ml·kg−1·min−1, 3mAT measured: 52.5 ± 8.7, SPV: 54.0 ± 9.7). Paired-samples t-tests showed that HR (p = 0.027) was higher in the SPV (184.7 ± 10.6 vs. 180.9 ± 6.3 b·min−1), whereas RER and V̇co
2 were both higher in the 3mAT (1.29 ± 0.10 vs. 1.19 ± 0.06 and 4.92 ± 1.01 vs. 4.62 ± 0.98, respectively; both p < 0.05). The intraclass correlation between the V̇o
2max measured from the SPV and 3mAT was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.88–0.99, p < 0.001), and between the 3mAT measured and estimated values was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.71–0.97 p < 0.001). If an athlete has access to a Wattbike, they can complete the 3mAT, receive their V̇o
2max estimation, and be confident of its accuracy.
Relationship Between Distinct Physical Capacities in Young Welsh Rugby Players
Authors: Loturco Irineu , Ashcroft Peter , Evans Nathan , Tombs Chris , Pereira Lucas A. , Jeffreys Ian 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Loturco, I, Ashcroft, P, Evans, N, Tombs, C, Pereira, LA, and Jeffreys, I. Relationship between distinct physical capacities in young Welsh rugby players. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 441–447, 2022—We examined the correlations between aerobic fitness (assessed by the 30-15 intermittent fitness test [IFT]), maximum isometric strength, vertical jump, and speed performance of 37 under-16 (U16) Welsh regional rugby players. The physical assessments used in this research are part of a regional development program under the auspices of the players' development pathway created by the Welsh Rugby Union. The tests were performed in the following order: vertical jumps, isometric midthigh pull, 40-m sprint velocity, and 30-15 IFT. A Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient was used to estimate the magnitude of the relationships between the different physical variables. Overall, we found significant associations between jump height, sprint velocity, maximum isometric strength, and 30-15 IFT performance (r ranging from 0.44 to 0.70). Moreover, strong positive interrelationships were observed between strength, speed, and jump qualities (r ranging from 0.51 to 0.80). Although these findings remain to be established in prospective studies, it seems that U16 athletes are capable of simultaneously improving their aerobic fitness and neuromuscular performance. This can be confirmed by the close correlations between the 30-15 IFT and every neuromechanical parameter reported here. Therefore, practitioners are recommended to use multifaceted training schemes with their young rugby players, including different components of endurance, speed, strength, and power training.
Does HMB Enhance Body Composition in Athletes? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Holland Brett M. , Roberts Brandon M. , Krieger James W. , Schoenfeld Brad J. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Holland, BM, Roberts, BM, Krieger, JW, and Schoenfeld, BJ. Does HMB enhance body composition in athletes? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 36(2): 585–592, 2022—The purpose of this article was to systematically review and meta-analyze the current literature to determine the effects of HMB on body composition in athletes. Studies were deemed eligible for inclusion if they met the following criteria: (a) were an experimental design published in a peer-reviewed, English-language journal; (b) included human athletic populations; (c) assessed body mass (BM), fat mass (FM), or fat-free mass (FFM) using a validated measure; (d) and had a minimum supplementation period of 4 weeks. Separate analyses were performed for BM, FM, and FFM using robust variance random-effects meta-regression for multilevel data structures, with adjustments for small samples. The final analysis of BM comprised a total of 208 subjects from 7 studies. Analysis of FFM and FM encompassed 5 studies comprising 161 subjects and 5 studies comprising 128 subjects, respectively. The principal finding of this analysis suggests HMB may have a small, positive impact on FFM in athletes (0.30 ± 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.07 to 0.68; p = 0.08), although this seems specific to when protein intake is suboptimal (<1.6 g·kg−1·d−1). Consistent with previous research on athletes, HMB demonstrated no significant effect on BM (−0.02 ± 0.04; 95% CI: −0.14 to 0.10; p = 0.70) and a small, nonsignificant effect on FM (−0.33 ± 0.23; 95% CI: −0.96 to 0.31; p = 0.22). More research is required to establish HMB's influence on FFM in athletes. It is also important to consider the dosage of HMB and training parameters of athletes because these will likely influence the efficacy of supplementation.
The relationship between cortisol and IGF-I influences metabolic alteration in pediatric overweight and obesity
Authors: Ricotti Roberta , Solito Arianna , Mariotti Zani Elena , Caputo Marina , Genoni Giulia , Barone-Adesi Francesco , Mancioppi Valentina , Agosti Emanuela , Aimaretti Gianluca , Bellone Simonetta , Prodam Flavia 
Published: December 2019

Background/objective
Data on metabolic impairments in Cushing’s syndrome and GH deficiency all suggest that the relationship between cortisol and GH/IGF-I axis in obesity may have a role in the related diseases. However, studies focusing only on one of these hormones are often controversial in paediatrics. We aimed to explore the simultaneous relationship between cortisol and IGF-I with the metabolic alterations in paediatric obesity.

Subjects/methods
Retrospective cross-sectional study in a tertiary care center. We recruited 876 (441 males and 435 females) overweight and obese children and adolescents. A complete clinical and biochemical evaluation including OGTT was performed. Cortisol and IGF-I SDS were divided in quartiles and then crossed to explore the reciprocal influence of high/high, low/low, and high/low levels of each one on the metabolic alterations of obesity.

Results
Subjects in the higher quartiles of IGF-I-SDS and cortisol had an increased risk of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, high levels of triglycerides, and reduced HDL cholesterol. Diversely, lower IGF-I-SDS quartiles were associated with higher blood glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and reduced insulin sensitivity levels with the rise of cortisol quartiles.

Conclusions
We observed that apart from glucose metabolism that is associated with low IGF-I and high cortisol levels, the other parameters known to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk were related to high levels of both IGF-I and cortisol, even if within normal range. Cortisol and IGF-I play a complex role in the comorbidities of obesity, and the evaluation of both variables could clarify some of the discordant results.
The Influence of the Diffusion Space Geometry on Behavior of some Processes in Biochemistry and Electrochemistry
Authors: Baronas R. , Ivanauskas F. , Kulys J. , Sapagovas M. , Survila A. 
Published: December 2019

The reaction-diffusion and diffusion equations were applied for modelling of some processes in biochemistry and electrochemistry. Modelling of the amperometric biosensors based on carbon paste electrodes encrusted with a single nonhomogeneous microreactor is analyzed. The mathematical model of the biosensor operation is based on nonstationary reaction-diffusion equations containing a non-linear term given by Michaelis-Menten function. Modelling of a simple redox-electrode reaction, involving two soluble species, is also considered. The model of the electrode behavior, taking into account the resist layer of the partially blocked electrodes, was expressed as a system of differential equations of the diffusion type with initial and boundary conditions. The mathematical model generalizing both processes: biochemical and electrochemical is presented in this paper. The generalized problem was solved numerically. The finite-difference technique was used for discretisation of the model. Using the numerical solution of the generalized problem, the influence of the size, shape and position of a microreactor as well as the thickness of the resist layer on the current dynamics was investigated.
Políticas e desafios da educação técnico-profissional em Moçambique
Authors: Chicava Augusto Agostinho 
Published: December 2019

O presente trabalho de pesquisa tenciona discutir os fundamentos da política da educação técnico profissional em Moçambique e seus desafios. O trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as políticas e desafios do ensino técnico profissional em Moçambique. E no que concerne a metodologia para o presente trabalho de pesquisa, recorreu-se a pesquisa qualitativa e comparativa, que teve como fundamento as leituras, interpretações e análise de diferente literatura, artigos bem como textos filosóficos que se refém sobre a questão do tema em discussão. hoje em Moçambique, cada vez mais vai-se aproximando a ideia de fazer com que a educação leve os indivíduos, não só na teorização dos conhecimentos, mas sua praticidade. É deste modo, que ressurge um ensino centralizado no saber fazer, com intuito alcançar o chamado desenvolvimento humano sustentável. Mas não obstante, que este ensino-técnico profissional apresenta alguns desafios, como é caso: A insuficiência no provimento de professores; inadaptação dos currículos às atuais necessidades do mercado de trabalho, pela fraca capacidade prática e qualificações dos alunos, a pouca afluência ou conhecimento de língua portuguesa, falta de capacidade de gestão/supervisão, a pouca autonomia e má gestão das instituições, orçamentos insuficientes, altas taxas de repetição, de desistência e insucesso e o elevado custo por aluno do ensino técnico-profissional.
Wittgenstein Lectures, Revisited
Authors: Klagge James C. 
Published: December 2019

In 2003 I published a survey of Wittgenstein’s lectures in Public and Private Occasions. Much has been learned about his lectures since then. This paper revisits the earlier survey and provides additional material and corrections, which amount to over 25%. In case it is useful, I have provided interlinear pagination from the original publication.
Effect of temperature on the chloride binding capacity of cementitious materials
Authors: Tran Van Quan , Nguyen Hoang-Long , Dao Dong Van , Hilloulin Benoit , Nguyen Long Khanh , Nguyen Quang Hung , Le Tien-Thinh , Ly Hai-Bang 
Published: December 2019

The effect of temperature on the chloride binding capacity (CBC) of cementitious materials was investigated. A reactive transport model including thermodynamic equilibrium, kinetic control and surface complexation was applied to investigate this effect. The surface complexation model was completed by introduction of the equilibrium constant of calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) complexation reactions at different temperatures (5, 21 and 35°C). In order to validate the developed numerical model, the results were compared with experimental data obtained from the literature. Good agreement was found between the numerical and experimental CBCs. The effect of temperature on the CBC of cementitious materials was evaluated and is discussed in this paper. The van 't Hoff equation of C–S–H surface complexation reactions (SCRs) and variation of the standard thermodynamic properties of the SCR (ΔrHT0 (kJ/K) and ΔrST00) at the reference temperature of T0 = 25°C and p0 = 1·1013 × 105 Pa are also presented.
Early Against Classic Extubation Outcomes Following Cardiac Surgery and Correlation With Rapid Shallow Breath Index
Authors: MUNGAN İbrahim , ADEMOGLU Derya , CANKAR DAL Hayriye , KAZANCI Dilek , TURAN Sema 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground/Aims:Overnight
postoperative ventilation following cardiovascular surgery was a
routine procedure since 1960 and the usage of high-dose opioid
anesthetic techniques strengthens the need. However early extubation
of postcardiac patients has been claimed as safer and more
cost-effective approach. Rapid shallow breath index (RSBI) is used
widely to standardize weaning from Mechanical ventilatory support
(MVS) and to predict failure of attempt. The aim of this
retrospective study was to determine the impact of early extubation
on post-cardiovasular surgery patients and the possible correlations
of RSBI values.
Methods:This
retrospective analysis was performed including 230 consecutive
patients -who underwent cardiac surgery from September 2017 to
January 2018 in a tertiary state hospital.Results:There
was significant difference between early extubated group and
conventional group in the prevalence of comorbidities, duration of
surgery, LOS in hospital and in the ICU. There was no significant
difference between groups either in mechanical ventilation parameters
including RSBI, mortality or morbidity.Conclusions: Early
extubation offers a substantial advantage in terms of accelerated
recovery, shorter intensive care unit, and hospital stay, suggesting
that efforts to reduce extubation times are cost-effective. Early
Extubation following cardiac surgery can be managed in a successful
manner and comparing to conventional practices it saves valuable
hours of patients. RSBI, in the original cut-off point, was found
useless as a weaning parameter while the threshold value for weaning
failure was 31.
РЭМ-анализ свойств поверхности экспериментальных сульфокатионообменных мембран Ralex
Authors: Akberova Elmara M. , Vasil’eva Vera I. , Kostylev Denis V. , Smagin Mikhail A. 
Published: December 2019

Проведен сравнительный анализ влияния технологии изготовления гетерогенных сульфокатионитовых мембран Ralex CM Pes производства «MEGA» a.s. (Чехия) на структурные свойства их поверхности методом РЭМ. При изготовлении экспериментальных мембран варьировались размеры частиц ионообменника при постоянном объемном соотношении катионита и полиэтилена. Размер частиц сульфокатионообменника изменялся путем использования разного времени его измельчения. С увеличением времени измельчения ионообменника от 5 до 80 мин структура поверхности мембраны становится более однородной вследствие уменьшения размеров частиц ионообменников и расстояния между ними, а также уменьшения доли и размеров дефектов структур. Выявлено уменьшение размеров частиц ионообменников и расстояния между ними более чем в 1.5 раза. Значительно возрастает доля ионообменника с радиусом менее 1 мкм. При этом наблюдается уменьшение доли, а также размеров пор и дефектов структуры в 1.5 раза. Соотношение долей проводящей и непроводящей фаз на поверхности мембраны остается практически постоянным.
Сорбционные свойства угольно-минерального сорбента на основе рисовой лузги по отношению к ионам тяжелых металлов
Authors: Meretin Roman N. 
Published: December 2019

Получен новый угольно-минеральный сорбент из рисовой лузги. Исследованы его структура,поверхность и пористость. Изучена сорбция ионов токсичных металлов из водных растворов даннымсорбентом. Определены величины их предельной сорбции a~, константы сорбционного равновесия k,термодинамические потенциалы сорбции (изменение энтальпии Δ H°, энтропии ΔS°, свободной энергии ΔG°). Экспериментальные данные по сорбции обработаны в рамках модели Ленгмюра. На поверхности сорбента обнаружены карбоксильные -СООН группы, спиртовые и фенольные гидроксилы -OH, силанольные группы -Si-OH, которые выступают в роли активных центров сорбции. Результаты проведённых исследований показали, что полученный сорбент эффективно извлекает ионы тяжёлых металлов из различных водных растворов. Материал данной статьи может представлять интерес для специалистов, работающих в области теории и практики адсорбционных явлений и процессов.
Counteracting Online Health Misinformation: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Bahrami Mohammad Amin , Nasiriani Khadijeh , Dehghani Arezo , Zarezade Mohammad , Kiani Parisa 
Published: December 2019

Background: The internet and social media are considered as new tools to seek health information. Health misinformation is defined as a health-related claim of fact that is false due to the lack of scientific reliable evidence. These kinds of information are produced both intentionally or non-intentionally and can impose negative impact on the population health. This study was aimed to explore the strategies to deal with the health misinformation from the professionals' viewpoints.
Methods: This qualitative study was conducted applying content analysis approach in 2018-2019. In this regard, 8 semi-structured interviews were conducted with health professionals of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. Snowball sampling method was used to identify the eligible interviewees. Data was analyzed using the content analysis by Max QDA 10 software.
Results: Analysis of interviews resulted in a main theme (strategies to deal with the negative consequences of online health misinformation) and 14 sub-themes of training health workers at all levels, creating responsible organizations for public education about the online web, improving the public education efforts, improving the general culture of society on the informed use of online technology, informing society about the impossibility of trusting all online information, disseminating the educational advertising, placing filters to prevent from the dissemination of inaccurate information, establishing the information verifying and validation mechanisms, improving the book reading culture, raising peoples’ awareness of and sensitivity to misinformation, having accurate accountability by specialists, learning how to think, improving the culture of critical thinking, making correct decisions based on the extensive information/taking into account several items in the case of decision making.
Conclusion: According to the final analysis of the experts' viewpoint, the most important ways to deal with inaccurate information in the cyberspace were to increase the public awareness, reduce the reliability of all published data, and verify them repeatedly. These strategies can prevent from many traumatic consequences.