bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Bacteremic Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Have a Fever When Presenting to The Emergency Department? A Paired, Retrospective Cohort Study.
Authors: Mermel Leonard , Weatherall Sarah L. , Chambers Alison B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Fever is a common symptom when patients present to Emergency Departments. It is unclear if the febrile response of bacteremic hemodialysis-dependent patients differs from bacteremic patients not receiving hemodialysis. The objective of this study was to compare Emergency Departments triage temperatures of patients with and without hemodialysis-dependent end-stage rental disease who have Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and determine the incidence of afebrile S. aureus bacteremia.Methods Paired, retrospective cohort study of 37 patients with and 37 patients without hemodialysis hospitalized with Methicillin-resistant or Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus bacteremia. Emergency Department triage temperatures were reviewed for all patients, as were potential confounding variables.Results 54% (95% CI, 38-70%) and 82% (95% CI 65-91%) of hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis patients did not have a detectable fever (<100.4°F) at triage. Triage temperatures were 100.5°F (95% CI 99.9-101.2°F) and 99.0°F (95% CI 98.4-99.6°F) in the hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis cohorts, respectively (p<0.001). Triage temperature in patients with and without diabetes mellitus was 99.2°F (95% CI 98.4-99.9°F) and 100.4°F (95% CI 99.7-101.0°F), respectively (p=0.03). We were unable to detect a significant effect of diabetes mellitus and other potential confounding variables on differences in temperature between the hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis cohorts (all interactions p > 0.19).Conclusions Hemodialysis-dependent patients with S. aureus bacteremia had significantly higher temperatures than non- hemodialysis-dependent end stage renal disease patients but more than half of patients were without detectable fever at triage, possibly reflecting use of insensitive methods for measuring temperature. Absence of fever at presentation to the Emergency Department should not delay blood culture acquisition in patients who are at increased risk of S. aureus bacteremia.
Pharmacodynamic comparison of different antimicrobial regimens against Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections with elevated vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration
Authors: Costa Thaina Miranda da , Cuba Gabriel Trova , Morgado Priscylla Guimarães Migueres , Nicolau David P. , Nouér Simone Aranha , Santos Kátia Regina Netto dos , Kiffer Carlos Roberto Veiga 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major causes of bloodstream infections (BSI) worldwide, representing a major challenge for public health due to its resistance profile. Higher vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in S. aureus are associated with treatment failure and defining optimal empiric options for BSIs in settings where these isolates are prevalent is rather challenging. I n silico pharmacodynamic models based on stochastic simulations (Monte Carlo) are important tools to estimate best antimicrobial regimens in different scenarios. We aimed to compare the pharmacodynamic profiles of different antimicrobials regimens for the treatment of S. aureus BSI in an environment with high vancomycin MIC . Methods: Steady-state drug area under the curve ratio to MIC (AUC⁄MIC) or the percent time above MIC ( f T>MIC) were modeled using a 5000-patient Monte Carlo simulation to achieve pharmacodynamic exposures against 110 consecutive S. aureus isolates associated with BSI. Results: Cumulative fractions of response (CFRs) against all S. aureus isolates were 98% for ceftaroline; 79% and 92% for daptomycin 6 mg/kg q24h and for the high dose of 10 mg/kg q24h, respectively; 77% for linezolid 600 mg q12h when MIC was read according to CLSI M100-S26 instructions, and 64% when MIC was considered at the total growth inhibition; 65% and 86% for teicoplanin, three loading doses of 400 mg every 12h followed by 400 mg every 24h and for teicoplanin 400 mg every 12h, respectively; 61% and 76% for vancomycin 1000 mg every 12h and every 8h, respectively. Conclusions: Based on this model, ceftaroline and high-dose daptomycin regimens delivered best pharmacodynamic exposures against S. aureus BSIs. Teicoplanin higher dose regimen achieved the best CFR (86%) among glycopeptides, although optimal threshold was not achieved, and vancomycin performance was critically affected by the S. aureus vancomycin MIC ≥ 2 mg/L. Linezolid effectiveness (CFR of 73%) is also affected by high prevalence of isolates with linezolid MIC ≥ 2 mg/L. These data show the need to continually evaluate the pharmacodynamic profiles of antimicrobials for empiric treatment of these infections.
CHESTNUT PRODUCTION IN CHINA: A MODEL FOR DEVELOPMENT OF A CHESTNUT INDUSTRY IN THE SOUTHEASTERN U. S.
Authors: Norton J. D. 
Published: October 2019

The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) has been cultivated in China for more than 1000 years. During this period, indigenous cultivars and traditional cultivation practices have been used. China is the leading producer of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) with 37% of the world' s production. In the last 4 years, improved cultivars and improved cultural practices have resulted in marked increases in production.
The leading provinces in Chestnut production are Hopei, Hubei, and Shandong. Severe injury, crop losses and tree mortality have resulted from the chestnut gall wasp in China Yields have increased greatly in Hubei province through cooperative breeding and developmental research between the Department of Horticulture Auburn University and the Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Two resistant seedlings from Auburn University are being utilized to save the chestnut industry in China and possibly worldwide.
COMPARATIVE ULTRASTRUCTURES OF VITREOUS AND NON-VITREOUS SWEET POTATO (IPOMOEA BATATAS L.)LAM. PLANTS GROWN IN VITRO
Authors: Desamero Nenita V. , Rhodes Billy B. 
Published: October 2019

Vitrification, a physiological disorder characteristic of in vitro grown plants, was observed in single-node cultures of sweet potato in mannitol-enriched medium during their second year of storage. Vitrified or vitreous sweet potato plantlets were watersoaked, translucent or glassy in appearance, with thick, swollen, leaves and stems, stunted shoot growth and poor root growth. These plantlets were not able to regenerate normal plants when transferred into fresh regeneration medium nor were they able to survive outside culture conditions.
Electron microscopy revealed changes in the ultrastructures of vitrified sweet potato plantlets. Vitrified plants had defective stomatal complex, starch grain-filled chloroplasts, disrupted cell wall, big air spaces (lacunae), high frequency of cell membrane separation from the cell wall, nuclear disintegration, and cytoplasmic disorganization. These changes in the internal structures of vitrified plants were reflected in their abnormal morphology and physiology.
IN VITRO EMBRYOGENESIS DERIVED FROM LEAF CALLUS OF `TIFFANY' ROSE
Authors: Arif Mahmoud B. , Khatamian Houchang 
Published: October 2019

Friable callus from leaf disks of Rosa hybrida `Tiffany' was initiated within two weeks under dark conditions and 25°C on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4 mg.liter-1 2,4-D. Callus was then transferred into MS medium containing 3 mg.liter-1 2,4-D. Within four weeks, rhizogenesis occurred on the callus surface.
The rhizogenic calllus was subculture on MS medium plus 3 mg.liter-1 2,4-D every 4-6 weeks. Within six months from initial culture, somatic embryos were developed on the aging callus in darkness.
Transfer of the aging callus with somatic embryos into 1/2 MS medium containing 1 mg.liter-1 kinetin and maintaining it under 46 μE m-2s-1 light for 16 hrs. resulted in greening of the somatic embryos.
ASEXUAL PROPAGATION OF `DESERT MUSEUM' HYBRID PALO VERDE AND MESQUITE SPECIES UNDER INTERMITTENT MIST
Authors: Hagen Randall H. , Palzkill David A. 
Published: October 2019

The `Desert Museum' hybrid between the Blue, Foothills, and Mexican palo verdes has been well received by the public. However, it has remained unavailable due to difficulties in asexual propagation. Studies were conducted on effects of IBA cone. (0 to 10,000 ppm), cutting position along the stem, size of cutting, season, and temperature of the medium.
For `Desert Museum', basal cuttings of slightly hardened new stem growth rooted much better than apical cuttings. Best rooting for apical cuttings was 79% using IBA from 2,500-5,000 ppm. Basal cuttings averaged 95% rooting and showed no response to IBA. Rooting of cuttings taken in September declined to 10% for apical and 2170 for basal cuttings averaged over all IBA levels. Six other species or hybrids of Cercidium and Parkinsonia and five of Prosopis were also rooted.
MUTATION, A MICROCOMPUTER MODULE DESIGNED FOR PLANT BREEDING AND GENETICS
Authors: Staub Jack E. , Braunschweig Karl 
Published: October 2019

A teaching module was developed for computer-aided instruction of mutation theory. The Hypercard-driven, Macintosh compatible module illustrates the concepts of: 1) Changes in allele frequency with mutation pressure; 2) Number of alleles maintained in populations, and; 3) The Neutrality Hypothesis. The concepts are integrated in an application by using a game format.
Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation. Mutation pressure results in changes in allele frequency. Concept 1 illustrates the theoretical changes in allele frequency under pressure of reversible mutation. Mutation equilibrium is depicted as P=V/u+v; where v=mutation rates of allele A and u of allele a. The Infinite-Alleles Model of mutation is illustrated in Concept 2 and specifies characteristics of new mutations by F=1/4Nu+1, where F=fixation index and N=number in population. Concept 3 demonstrates the hypothesis that polymorphisms result from selectively neutral alleles maintained in a balance between mutation and random genetic drift.
LEAF CHARACTERISTICS OF FRUITING AND DEFLOWERED RED RASPBERRY CANES OVER THE COURSE OF THE GROWING SEASON
Authors: Klauer Stephen F. , Chen Chuhe , Cameron J. Scott , Hartley Carol A. 
Published: October 2019

In the early spring, 300 canes of `Meeker' red raspberry were tagged and 150 were deflowered at anthesis. During a 12-week period beginning at anthesis, leaves were sampled for anatomical sectioning and determination of chlorophyll content and dry weight per leaf unit area,
Comparisons of leaf cross-sections from fruiting (F) and deflowered (DF) canes demonstrated high levels of starch accumulation in the latter. This accumulation of starch was layered throughout the cross section, and size of starch crystals varied by location. Dry weight per leaf unit area increased in all leaves during the season, but was consistently greater in leaves of DF canes throughout the season.
Total leaf chlorophyll and chlorophyll a content increased until reaching a maximum three weeks after anthesis, Both decreased slightly until nine weeks after anthesis and sharply thereafter as leaves began to senesce. Chlorophyll b content remained nearly constant until eight weeks after anthesis at which time levels declined during the onset of senescence.
PRUNE OVULE LONGEVITY: EFFECT OF CULTIVAR AND FALL-APPLIED ETHEPHON
Authors: Moreno Yerko M. , Miller Anita Nina 
Published: October 2019

Some cultivars of prune (i.e. `Brooks') consistently set good crops while others (i.e. `Italian') are erratic bearers. Fall-applied ethephon increases fruit set. Ovule longevity has been hypothesized to be an important factor in fruit retention. The effects of the cultivar and fall ethephon application on ovule longevity were determined.
Ethephon (0 and 500 mg·l-1) was applied to `Italian' and `Brooks' prune trees at the 50% leaf drop stage. The following spring, flower buds were emasculated and covered to prevent pollination. Ten flowers were sampled every two days from anthesis until 20 days after anthesis (DAA). Flowers were fixed in FAP and ovule longevity determined using fluorescence microscopy. Ovule longevity was longer in `Brooks' than `Italian'. At 20 DAA, all of the `Brooks' flowers still had viable ovules. Only 40% of the `Italian' flowers had viable ovules. The `Italian' flowers excised from ethephon-treated trees had at least one non-senescent ovule at 17 DAA. Ethephon prolonged ovule longevity in `Italian' prune flowers. No effect of ethephon was observed on the ovule longevity of the `Brooks' prune.
A Longitudinal Analysis of Gendered Association Patterns: Homophily and Social Distance in the General Social Survey
Authors: Brashears Matthew E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
How has the passage of time impacted the ego networks of males and females? I compare the homophily and social distances of males and females using the 1985 and 2004 GSS networks modules. The results indicate that change has been gradual and incremental rather than radical. In 2004 less social distance separates associates for women than for men, and males differentiate more among levels of education. The results suggest that macro-level structural changes have not been sufficient to produce similarly large changes in ego network composition.
Engagement: bibliometric analysis
Authors: Preciado Ortiz Claudia Leticia , Vargas Barraza Juan Antonio , Gilsanz López Ainhize 
Published: October 2019

Introduction: The objective of this paper was to carry out a bibliometric analysis by using the different names that engagement has had in marketing to know growth trends, current research areas and to discover potential future lines of research on this subject.Method: The Scopus database was the provider of the information, analyzing a sample of 1791 documents for the period from 1996 to March 10, 2018, the date on which the data was downloaded. Results: The results show that the development of research on the subject is growing. The country that leads in number of publications is the United States, however, the most productive institution is the University of Auckland, New Zealand; and the leading journal was Computers in Human Behavior. Similarly, the most productive authors are Hollebeek, Graffigna and Malthouse; but the author who had the greatest impact on citations per year and not per number of publications was Brodie. The main areas in which a particular interest has been given are customer / consumer engagement, social media engagement, user engagement and brand engagement. It is possible to emphasize the concentration in studies that are focused on online environments (social networks and brand communities) and recent studies related to mobile environments (apps). Discussion or Conclusion: It can be concluded that engagement is a frontier issue in the area of marketing, especially focused on online environments and recently on mobile applications. It is an area of research in which there is much to do, since brands are betting every day on using more interactive channels to keep their customers and attract new ones, by generating new communication environments, involvement and engagement between brands and customers.
Dynamic flood wave routing in prismatic channels with hydraulic and hydrologic methods
Authors: Retsinis Eugene , Daskalaki Erna , Papanicolaou Panayiotis 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTime-dependent, unsteady flow has been studied in prismatic open channels with symmetric trapezoidal and triangular cross sections and small bottom slope. The St Venant equations without lateral inflow have been discretized in explicit as well as in implicit form and solved numerically, for unsteady, subcritical flow. The inflow hydrograph used can be applied for different flood events by adjusting its parameters accordingly. The results presented are derived from the explicit schemes Lax-Diffusive, MacCormack, Lambda as well as the implicit Preissmann scheme, and are compared to those from the Muskingum-Cunge method and the widely used commercial software HEC-RAS. The peak flow computed by the Lax-Diffusive scheme was reduced at the downstream end of the channel and the arrival time of the peak increased if compared to the other methods. The Muskingun-Cunge method forecasted the shortest peak flow arrival time at the downstream end cross section. Mass conservation computed from inflow and outflow hydrographs has been confirmed, since the maximum error did not exceed 2.60%. All codes were implemented in house using Matlab®.
Recent Advances in the Application of Nanometal Catalysts for Glaser Coupling
Authors: Ebrahimiasl Saeideh , Behmagham Farnaz , Abdolmohammadi Shahrzad , Kojabad Rahman N. , Vessally Esmail 
Published: October 2019

:
Synthesis of symmetrical 1,3-diynes from terminal alkynes through an oxidative
process is generally called Glaser coupling. The classic Glaser coupling is catalyzed
by copper salts under an atmosphere of molecular oxygen as an oxidant. Over the past
years, different metal catalysts and oxidants were successfully used in this atom economical
C-C coupling reaction. Moreover, several procedures for the preparation of unsymmetrical
1,3-diynes by coupling two different alkyne substrates have been developed. In this
review, we will highlight the usefulness of transition metal nanoparticles as efficient catalysts
in homo- and hetero-coupling of alkynes by hoping that it will be beneficial to the
development of novel and extremely efficient catalytic systems for this fast-growing and
important reaction.
Design and Development of Novel Transdermal Nanoemulgel for Alzheimer’s Disease: Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic and Biochemical Investigations
Authors: Setya Sonal , Madaan Tushar , Razdan Bal Kishen , Farswan Mamta , Talegaonkar Sushama 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Alzheimer’s disease is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated
with depletion of acetylcholine. Oral treatment with tacrine hydrochloride; a reversible inhibitor
of acetylcholinesterase, finds limited use in Alzheimer’s disease due to frequent dosing, hepatotoxicity
and extensive pre-systemic metabolism.

Objectives:
The objective of the study was to evaluate pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, safety and
stability profile of transdermal w/o nanoemulsion gel of tacrine hydrochloride and determine its relative
bioavailability from transdermal nanogel in contrast to marketed capsule and conventional hydrogel.

Methods:
The optimized nanoemulsion gel NEGT4 (droplet size 156.4 ±0.48 nm, with poly dispersity
index 0.36 ±0.4, permeation flux 6.172±2.94 µg/cm2/h across rat skin) was prepared by spontaneous
emulsification followed by sonication. NEGT4 contained 7 mg of drug in 10% w/w distilled water, 30%
w/w surfactant (Labrafil M) and cosurfactant (Transcutol P) mixture in ratio 1:4 and 60 % Capryol 90
as oily phase thickened with 98.9 mg ethyl cellulose (20 cps). In vivo studies were carried out on male
Wistar rats following standard guidelines. Scopolamine was used to induce amnesia in rats which is a
characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease. Various formulations were compared by performing pharmacokinetic,
histopathological, behavioural and biochemical studies on rats. Stability studies on nanoemulsion
gels were carried out in accordance with The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical
Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines.

Results:
Pharmacokinetic studies exhibited significantly greater extent of absorption from NEGT4 in
comparison to capsule and hydrogel with a 2.18 and 5.26-fold increase respectively. Significant improvement
in neurobehavioral parameters was observed with NEGT4 in scopolamine-induced amnesic
rats. Biochemical assessment showed superior anti-amnesic activity of NEGT4 through augmentation of
antioxidant enzymes, decreased lipid peroxidation and acetylcholinesterase activity. Low value of serum
aminotransferase in rats treated with NEGT4 indicated the absence of hepatotoxicity. NEGT4 was
found to be non-irritant and possessed a shelf life of 4.11 years.

Conclusion:
Developed nanoemulsion gel of tacrine hydrochloride was found to be safe, stable, and
efficacious and has immense potential to be used in the therapy of Alzheimer’s disease.
Glycemic Control is Related to Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Rural Chinese Population
Authors: Liu Shuling , Lu Yanhui , Cai Xue , Cong Rizhao , Li Jun , Jiang Hua , Li Mingzi 
Published: October 2019

Background:
There is an increasing interest on Cognitive Impairment (CI) in patients with
type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but evidence is conflicting regarding the association between CI and
glycemic control.

Objective:
The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of CI in patients with T2DM from northern
rural China in order to determine whether cognitive dysfunction is related to glycemic control.

Methods:
First, we conducted a study with a cross-sectional design. We performed cluster random sampling
of 1848 residents who were aged 60 years or older and lived in the countryside in China. All eligible
participants with and without T2DM were interviewed and screened for cognitive function status.
Diagnoses for dementia and Cognitive Impairment No Dementia (CIND) were based on the standard
criteria. Second, on the basis of the results of the cross-sectional survey, we conducted a case-control
study. In the T2DM group, we identified cases of T2DM with Cognitive Impairment (T2DM-CI), as
well as cases of T2DM with normal cognition (T2DM-NC) to be used as controls. The effects of specific
diabetes-related variables were examined. After matching for sex, age, and education level in the
T2DM-CI and T2DM-NC groups, multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate
risk factors for T2DM-CI.

Results:
In the cross-sectional study, the prevalence of T2DM with CIND and dementia were 28.3%
(95% CI: 23.5-33.2) and 9.5% (95% CI: 6.3-12.6), respectively. Compared with subjects without DM,
the prevalence of CI in T2DM patients was more frequent than the prevalence of CI in the general population
in almost every age group. In the case-control study, the multivariate logistic regression analyses
showed that variables, including duration from diabetes onset, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c level
(HbA1c), and severe hypoglycemia history, were significantly associated with an increased risk of CI in
patients with T2DM (odds ratios [ORs] [95%CIs]: 1.67 [1.03-2.70], 1.40 [1.15-1.72], and 2.72 [1.02-
7.21], respectively [P <0.05]).

Conclusion:
The present study demonstrates a high prevalence of CI in patients with T2DM among the
elderly population of rural China. Glycemic control, including HbA1c and exposure to severe hypoglycemia,
affected cognitive function in patients with T2DM.