bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age, sex and period estimates of Australia’s mental health over the last 17 years
Authors: Burns Richard A , Butterworth Peter , Crisp Dimity A 
Published: November 2019

Objective: Describing the long-term mental health of Australians is limited as many reports rely on cross-sectional studies which fail to account for within-person changes and age-related developmental processes which may bias estimates which ignore these phenomena. We examined the 17-year trajectories of mental health in 27,519 Australian adults. Methods: Household panel data of 27,519 participants aged 18 years and over from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey provided at least one observation of mental health over a 17-year period from 2001. On average, participants reported 7.6 observations. Mental Health was assessed annually using the Short-Form Health Survey-36 mental health scale. Results: Over time, there were only very small changes in mental health and only for the youngest and oldest adults. Over time, there was consistent evidence for better metal health with increasing age, although for the very old, there appear to be substantial declines. These patterns were consistent between sex. In line with an existing literature, males reported better mental health over life span, although the declines of mental health in very-late-life are particularly pronounced for males. Conclusion: Decline in mental health was only reported by the youngest and oldest respondents, and was notable only in the last 4–5 years. However, the magnitude of the decline was small and further follow-up will be needed to determine whether this is a trend of substantive declining mental health for these specific age cohorts. In contrast, the more consistent finding is that there has been no substantive change in the level of mental health in Australia over the last 17 years. Analysis of the mental health trajectories of baseline age-cohorts confirmed that age differences are consistent over time.
Depression in the medically ill
Authors: Rosenblat Joshua D , Kurdyak Paul , Cosci Fiammetta , Berk Michael , Maes Michael , Brunoni Andre R , Li Madeline , Rodin Gary , McIntyre Roger S , Carvalho Andre F 
Published: November 2019

Background:Depressive disorders are significantly more common in the medically ill compared to the general population. Depression is associated with worsening of physical symptoms, greater healthcare utilization and poorer treatment adherence. The present paper provides a critical review on the assessment and management of depression in the medically ill.Methods:Relevant articles pertaining to depression in the medically ill were identified, reviewed and synthesized qualitatively. A systematic review was not performed due to the large breadth of this topic, making a meaningful summary of all published and unpublished studies not feasible. Notable studies were reviewed and synthesized by a diverse set of experts to provide a balanced summary.Results:Depression is frequently under-recognized in medical settings. Differential diagnoses include delirium, personality disorders and depressive disorders secondary to substances, medications or another medical condition. Depressive symptoms in the context of an adjustment disorder should be initially managed by supportive psychological approaches. Once a mild to moderate major depressive episode is identified, a stepped care approach should be implemented, starting with general psychoeducation, psychosocial interventions and ongoing monitoring. For moderate to severe symptoms, or mild symptoms that are not responding to low-intensity interventions, the use of antidepressants or higher intensity psychotherapeutic interventions should be considered. Psychotherapeutic interventions have demonstrated benefits with small to moderate effect sizes. Antidepressant medications have also demonstrated benefits with moderate effect sizes; however, special caution is needed in evaluating side effects, drug–drug interactions as well as dose adjustments due to impairment in hepatic metabolism and/or renal clearance. Novel interventions for the treatment of depression and other illness-related psychological symptoms (e.g. death anxiety, loss of dignity) are under investigation.Limitations:Non-systematic review of the literature.Conclusion:Replicated evidence has demonstrated a bidirectional interaction between depression and medical illness. Screening and stepped care using pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions is merited.
A model for surgical volunteerism: a qualitative study based in Cambodia
Authors: Cheok Sabrina , Dong Chaoyan , Lam Wee Leon , Gollogly Jim , Rajaratnam Vaikunthan 
Published: November 2019

Medical volunteerism continues to attract many doctors from high-income nations to low- or middle-income countries (LMIC). In spite of the wealth of positive experiences of these volunteers documented in the literature, there is little evidence concerning the impact and effectiveness of their activity. We documented our model of five-year experience in the delivery of hand surgery in Cambodia, attempting a qualitative approach with attempts to understand the perceptions of local and volunteer surgeons. We conducted independent qualitative interviews with five visiting and 12 Cambodian surgeons who participated in our community-based and outcome-oriented hand surgery training programme between 2013 and 2015. Data were coded and analysed using a content analysis method and then individually grouped into categories; software was used to generate frequencies and quotations of codes. Our results highlighted factors contributing to the success of the medical volunteering programme, to its success, with suggestions for sustainability, motivation and commitment to such a programme. A clearly defined strategy by the volunteer group and a commitment to time and resources by both partners were found to be effective.
Moral distress experienced by non-Western nurses: An integrative review
Authors: Prompahakul Chuleeporn , Epstein Elizabeth G 
Published: November 2019

Background: Moral distress has been identified as a significant issue in nursing practice for many decades. However, most studies have involved American nurses or Western medicine settings. Cultural differences between Western and non-Western countries might influence the experience of moral distress. Therefore, the literature regarding moral distress experiences among non-Western nurses is in need of review. Aim: The aim of this integrative review was to identify, describe, and synthesize previous primary studies on moral distress experienced by non-Western nurses. Review method: Whittemore and Knafl’s integrative review methodology was used to structure and conduct the review of the literature. Research context and data sources: Key relevant health databases included the Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Two relevant journals, Nursing Ethics and Bioethics, were manually searched. Ethical consideration: We have considered and respected ethical conduct when performing a literature review, respecting authorship and referencing sources. Findings: A total of 17 primary studies published between 1999 and 2019 were appraised. There was an inconsistency with regard to moral distress levels and its relationship with demographic variables. The most commonly cited clinical causes of moral distress were providing futile care for end-of-life patients. Unit/team constraints (poor collaboration and communication, working with incompetent colleagues, witnessing practice errors, and professional hierarchy) and organizational constraints (limited resources, excessive administrative work, conflict within hospital policy, and perceived lack of support by administrators) were identified as moral distress’s stimulators. Negative impacts on nurses’ physical, psychological, and spiritual well-being were also reported. Conclusion: Further research is needed to investigate moral distress among other healthcare professions which may further build understanding. More importantly, interventions to address moral distress need to be developed and tested.
Pyriform Costal Cartilage Graft Improves Cleft-Side Alar Asymmetry in Secondary Cleft Rhinoplasty
Authors: Moore Meredith L. Grogan , Nguyen Thu-Hoai C. , Day Kristopher M. , Weinfeld Adam B. 
Published: November 2019

Objective: The asymmetry of a retrusive cleft-side ala positioned posterior, lateral, and inferior relative to the noncleft ala is exacerbated by ipsilateral deficiency of the pyriform aperture. We describe use of pyriform costal cartilage grafts for enhanced structural foundation and alar symmetry in secondary cleft rhinoplasty. Design: Retrospective case series. Patients: All pyriform aperture paranasal augmentation secondary cleft rhinoplasty cases performed between May 2013 and February 2018 were included. Clinical photos were analyzed, and these results are provided in addition to a detailed description of the augmentation technique. Results: Twelve total cleft patients, 10 (83.3%) unilateral cleft lip and palate, 1 (8.3%) unilateral cleft lip, and 1 cleft palate (8.3%) were included. Age averaged 18.6 ± 6.0 years with 3 (25.0%) males and 9 (75.0%) females. Costal cartilage grafting to the pyriform aperture through the gingivobuccal sulcus was used to reposition the alar base and nasal sill to a more anatomic anterior position, thereby enhancing symmetry in secondary cleft rhinoplasty. Average rib graft donor site incision was 2.5 cm. Follow-up ranged from 3.2 to 48.2 months, average 15.3 ± 14.4 months. No complications related to the pyriform cartilage graft were observed, other than one minor intraoperative breach of parietal pleura. Conclusions: We observed improvement in the anatomic contour of the cleft-side ala with costal cartilage grafting to the pyriform rim. This resulted in improved cleft-side alar form and thus overall alar symmetry. These results were obtained consistently, without significant complications. This technique is safe and provides a powerful tool to reposition the ala in secondary cleft rhinoplasty. Further studies will quantify the enhancement in nasal base symmetry.
2019 Product Design Technical Group: Stanley Caplan User-Centered Product Design Award
Authors: Shames Adam , Kremer Kathleen 
Published: November 2019

The Product Design Technical Group (PDTG) presented its 18th annual User-Centered Product Design Award. The award recognized excellence in both product design and in the methods used to specify and achieve the design. This special session consisted of presentation of the award to the winners and the winners’ presentation about the design and development of the product. The award is named after Stanley Caplan, an HFES fellow, for all his efforts and accomplishments over the years at promoting the importance of user-centered design and research within industry and mentoring others to do the same. The Product Design Technical Group (PDTG) continued its successful award program in 2019 by sponsoring the 18th annual user-centered product design competition. Over the years, the Award has honored a wide variety of products and companies.
Putting the Applied in Applied Psychology: Experiential Learning Projects in the HFE Classroom
Authors: Lum Heather C. , Hancock Gabriella M. , Waldfogle Grace E. , Scholcover Federico , Kelling Nicholas 
Published: November 2019

The objective of this panel is to open a dialog about how experiential learning is being represented within the human factors and ergonomic classroom. The panel will start by Heather Lum briefly giving an overview and the precipice for this discussion panel. The panelists will then provide their views and experiences regarding this topic. Gabriella Hancock will discuss how she prepares her students for ‘publish or perish’ through a hands-on assignment. Grace Waldfogle will discuss how her undergraduate applied project prepared her for graduate education in human factors. Federico Scholcover will share his experiences with a semester long design project and how he uses what he learned there in a job setting. Finally, Nicholas Kelling will discuss the industry-academia collaborative process and how it prepares students for life beyond the classroom. The specific theme of this discussion panel is focused on the differing perspectives that one might face rom either the instructor and student perspectives. Dr. Lum will foster discussion among the panelists and questions from the general audience. Discussion time: 90 minutes.
Targeted Treatment Protocol in Patellofemoral Pain: Does Treatment Designed According to Subgroups Improve Clinical Outcomes in Patients Unresponsive to Multimodal Treatment?
Authors: Yosmaoğlu Hayri Baran , Selfe James , Sonmezer Emel , Sahin İlknur Ezgi , Duygu Senay Çerezci , Acar Ozkoslu Manolya , Richards Jim , Janssen Jessica 
Published: November 2019

Background: Targeted intervention for subgroups is a promising approach for the management of patellofemoral pain. Hypothesis: Treatment designed according to subgroups will improve clinical outcomes in patients unresponsive to multimodal treatment. Study Design: Prospective crossover intervention. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP; n = 61; mean age, 27 ± 9 years) were enrolled. Patients with PFP received standard multimodal treatment 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Patients not responding to multimodal treatment were then classified into 1 of 3 subgroups (strong, weak and tight, and weak and pronated foot) using 6 simple clinical tests. They were subsequently administered 6 further weeks of targeted intervention, designed according to subgroup characteristics. Visual analog scale (VAS), perception of recovery scale (PRS), 5-Level European Quality 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D-5L), and self-reported version of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs scale (S-LANSS) were used to assess pain, knee function, and quality of life before and after the interventions. Results: In total, 34% (n = 21) of patients demonstrated recovery after multimodal treatment. However, over 70% (n = 29/40) of nonresponders demonstrated recovery after targeted treatment. The VAS, PRS, S-LANSS, and EQ-5D-5L scores improved significantly after targeted intervention compared with after multimodal treatment ( P < 0.001). The VAS score at rest was significantly lower in the “weak and pronated foot” and the “weak and tight” subgroups ( P = 0.011 and P = 0.008, respectively). Posttreatment pain intensity on activity was significantly lower in the “strong” subgroup ( P = 0.006). Conclusion: Targeted treatment designed according to subgroup characteristics improves clinical outcomes in patients unresponsive to multimodal treatment. Clinical Relevance: Targeted intervention could be easily implemented after 6 simple clinical assessment tests to subgroup patients into 1 of 3 subgroups (strong, weak and tight, and weak and pronated foot). Targeted interventions applied according to the characteristics of these subgroups have more beneficial treatment effects than a current multimodal treatment program.
Risk Factors for Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Frequency With Which Patients Change Surgeons
Authors: Sutherland Kirsty , Clatworthy Mark , Chang Kevin , Rahardja Richard , Young Simon W. 
Published: November 2019

Background: Revision surgery is a known complication after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR), but the proportion of patients who seek a different surgeon for their revision procedure is unknown. Purpose: To determine the rate and risk factors for revision ACLR in New Zealand and to find the proportion of patients undergoing revision ACLR who see a different surgeon compared with their primary procedure as well as the factors that may influence this decision. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Data from New Zealand’s single government insurer, the Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC), were analyzed. All primary ACLR procedures performed between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2014 were evaluated, and revision ACLR procedures performed between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2016, were evaluated to allow for a minimum 2-year follow-up period. Cases undergoing subsequent revision were divided into those with the same or a different surgeon compared with the primary procedure. Risk factors for revision and change of surgeons were assessed, including age, sex, time from injury to surgery, time between primary and revision procedures, surgeon volume, and ethnicity. Results: A total of 15,212 primary ACLR procedures were recorded in 14,926 patients. The mean patient age was 29.2 years, and 61% were male patients. There were 676 subsequent revision procedures and 510 contralateral procedures during the study period, resulting in a 5-year survival rate of 95.5% for the ACL graft and 96.5% for the contralateral ACL. Risk factors for revision surgery included male sex, age <20 years, and <1 year from injury to surgery. Of the revision procedures, 44.5% (n = 301) were performed by a different surgeon compared with primary ACLR. For primary ACLR procedures performed by low-volume surgeons, 75.0% of patients requiring revision ACLR changed surgeons, compared with 21.5% for high-volume surgeons (≤10 vs >50 primary ACLR/y; hazard ratio, 10.70 [95% CI, 6.01-19.05]; P < .001). Other factors associated with change of surgeons included older age, longer time between primary and revision surgery, and Asian and Maori ethnicities. Conclusion: A significant proportion of patients change surgeons when requiring revision ACLR. In the absence of formal follow-up systems such as registries, surgeons, particularly those with a low volume of ACLRs, may underestimate their personal revision rate.
Active surveillance of adverse events following immunization (AEFI): a prospective 3-year vaccine safety study
Authors: Sebastian Juny , Gurumurthy Parthasarathi , Ravi Mandyam Dhati , Ramesh Madhan 
Published: November 2019

Background: Vaccines used in national immunization programs are considered safe and effective but immunization safety has become as important as the efficacy of vaccination programs. The objective of the study was to detect adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) to all vaccines administered to a pediatric population in India. Methods: The prospective active vaccine safety surveillance study enrolled eligible children in the age group 0–5 years receiving vaccination from the immunization center at JSS Hospital, Mysuru. Study participants were monitored at the site for 30 min following vaccination and a telephonic survey was made after 8 days to identify all AEFIs. Causality assessment of the AEFIs were done using a new algorithm developed by the safety and vigilance department of the World Health Organization. Results: The incidence of reported AEFIs was 13.7%. The most frequently reported AEFI was fever ( n = 3095, 93.2%) with an incidence of 109.7 per 1000 doses of vaccine administered, followed by persistent crying ( n = 69, 2.4 per 1000 doses of vaccine) and diarrhea ( n = 57, 2.0 per 1000 doses of vaccine). The majorly implicated vaccine for AEFIs was Pentavac® followed by BCG. Consistent causal association to immunization was observed in 93.4% of cases. Conclusions: A high incidence rate of AEFI was observed in our study population when compared with previous published studies. AEFI surveillance studies help to detect changes in the frequency of adverse events, which may be an alert to consider vaccine quality or identify a specific risk among the local population.
HDAC11 deficiency disrupts oncogene-induced hematopoiesis in myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Yue Lanzhu , Sharma Vasundhara , Horvat Nathan P. , Akuffo Afua A. , Beatty Matthew S. , Murdun Cem , Colin Christelle , Billington Julia M. R. , Goodheart William E. , Sahakian Eva , Zhang Ling , Powers John J. , Amin Narmin E. , Lambert-Showers Que T. , Darville Lancia N. , Pinilla-Ibarz Javier , Reuther Gary W. , Wright Kenneth L. , Conti Chiara , Lee Jennifer Y. , Zheng Xiaozhang , Ng Pui Yee , Martin Matthew W. , Marshall C. Gary , Koomen John M. , Levine Ross L. , Verma Amit , Grimes H. Leighton , Sotomayor Eduardo M. , Shao Zonghong , Epling-Burnette Pearlie K. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractProtein acetylation is an important contributor to cancer initiation. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) controls JAK2 translation and protein stability and has been implicated in JAK2-driven diseases best exemplified by myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). By using novel classes of highly selective HDAC inhibitors and genetically deficient mouse models, we discovered that HDAC11 rather than HDAC6 is necessary for the proliferation and survival of oncogenic JAK2-driven MPN cells and patient samples. Notably, HDAC11 is variably expressed in primitive stem cells and is expressed largely upon lineage commitment. Although Hdac11is dispensable for normal homeostatic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell differentiation based on chimeric bone marrow reconstitution, Hdac11 deficiency significantly reduced the abnormal megakaryocyte population, improved splenic architecture, reduced fibrosis, and increased survival in the MPLW515L-MPN mouse model during primary and secondary transplantation. Therefore, inhibitors of HDAC11 are an attractive therapy for treating patients with MPN. Although JAK2 inhibitor therapy provides substantial clinical benefit in MPN patients, the identification of alternative therapeutic targets is needed to reverse MPN pathogenesis and control malignant hematopoiesis. This study establishes HDAC11 as a unique type of target molecule that has therapeutic potential in MPN.
Triage and flow management in sepsis
Authors: Pires Hudson Henrique Gomes , Neves Fábio Fernandes , Pazin-Filho Antonio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundSepsis is a major public health problem, with a growing incidence and mortality rates still close to 30% in severe cases. The speed and adequacy of the treatment administered in the first hours of sepsis, particularly access to intensive care, are important to reduce mortality. This study compared the triage strategies and intensive care rationing between septic patients and patients with other indications of intensive care. This study included all patients with signs for intensive care, enrolled in the intensive care management system of a Brazilian tertiary public emergency hospital, from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2016. The intensivist periodically evaluated the requests, prioritizing them according to a semi-quantitative scale. Demographic data, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and quick SOFA (qSOFA), as well as surgical interventions, were used as possible confounding factors in the construction of incremental logistic regression models for prioritization and admission to intensive care outcomes.ResultsThe study analyzed 9195 ICU requests; septic patients accounted for 1076 cases (11.7%), 293 (27.2%) of which were regarded as priority 1. Priority 1 septic patients were more frequently hospitalized in the ICU than nonseptic patients (52.2% vs. 34.9%,p <  0.01). Septic patients waited longer for the vacancy, with a median delay time of 43.9 h (interquartile range 18.2–108.0), whereas nonseptic patients waited 32.5 h (interquartile range 11.5–75.8)—p <  0.01. Overall mortality was significantly higher in the septic group than in the group of patients with other indications for intensive care (72.3% vs. 39.8%,p <  0.01). This trend became more evident after the multivariate analysis, and the mortality odds ratio was almost three times higher in septic patients (2.7, 2.3–3.1).ConclusionSeptic patients had a lower priority for ICU admission and longer waiting times for an ICU vacancy than patients with other critical conditions. Overall, this implied a 2.7-fold increased risk of mortality in septic patients.