bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bipartite graphs with close domination and k-domination numbers
Authors: Ekinci Gülnaz Boruzanlı , Bujtás Csilla 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Let

k

k

be a positive integer and let

G

G

be a graph with vertex set

V
(
G
)

V(G)

. A subset

D
⊆
V
(
G
)

D\subseteq V(G)

is a

k

k

-dominating set if every vertex outside

D

D

is adjacent to at least

k

k

vertices in

D

D

. The

k

k

-domination number

γ

k

(
G
)

{\gamma }_{k}(G)

is the minimum cardinality of a

k

k

-dominating set in

G

G

. For any graph

G

G

, we know that

γ

k

(
G
)
≥
γ
(
G
)
+
k
−
2

{\gamma }_{k}(G)\ge \gamma (G)+k-2

where

Δ
(
G
)
≥
k
≥
2

\text{&#x0394;}(G)\ge k\ge 2

and this bound is sharp for every

k
≥
2

k\ge 2

. In this paper, we characterize bipartite graphs satisfying the equality for

k
≥
3

k\ge 3

and present a necessary and sufficient condition for a bipartite graph to satisfy the equality hereditarily when

k
=
3

k=3

. We also prove that the problem of deciding whether a graph satisfies the given equality is NP-hard in general.
Influence factors of extra-articular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Chen Xing , Zhang Mingmei , Wang Tao , Li Yunming , Wei Meng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background and objective
Extra-articular manifestations (EAMs) are serious outcomes or complications of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with increasing mortality and morbidity. The purpose was to explore the factors influencing EAMs, tissue-specific/systemic EAMs, and the concurrence of several EAMs.

Patients and methods
In total, 519 inpatients with RA were enrolled. The clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and medications of RA patients and the details of EAMs were recorded carefully. Differences between groups were examined by a Chi-square test, independent samples t test, one-way analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney U test, and Kruskal–Wallis H test. Binary and ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between influential factors and EAMs, tissue-specific/systemic EAMs, and the concurrence of several EAMs.

Results
The morbidity of EAMs was 44.70%. Male sex, age, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were independent influential factors of EAMs, and a number of statistically significant influence factors were found in the multivariate analysis of tissue-specific/systemic EAMs. Finally, age, CRP levels, number of RA-affected types of joints, and TCM were the factors that independently influenced the concurrence of several EAMs.

Conclusion
Influential factors identified in this study could be recommended in clinical work, which is hopeful to decrease the morbidity and mortality of EAMs in RA.
The Shari’a Approach to Contemporary Problems of Mass Surveillance
Authors: Almutairi Sattam Eid 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The phenomenon of mass surveillance has confronted legal systems throughout the world with significant challenges to their fundamental norms and values. These dilemmas have been most extensively studied and discussed in relation to the kind of privacy cultures that exist in Europe and North America. Although mass surveillance creates the same kinds of challenges in Muslim countries, the phenomenon has rarely been discussed from the perspective of Shari’a. This article seeks to demonstrate that this neglect of mass surveillance and other similar phenomena by Shari’a scholars is unjustified. Firstly, the article will address objections that Shari’a does not contain legal norms that are relevant to the modern practice of state surveillance and that, if these exist, they are not binding on rulers and will also seek to show that, whatever terminology is employed, significant aspects of the protection of privacy and personal data that exists in other legal systems is also be found deeply-rooted in Shari’a. Secondly, it will assess the specific requirements that it makes in relation to such intrusion on private spaces and private conduct and how far it can benefit from an exception to the general prohibition on spying. Finally, it is concluded that mass surveillance is unlikely to meet these Shari’a requirements and that only targeted surveillance can generally do so.
Nonprofit Advocacy in the Era of Trump
Authors: Lamothe Meeyoung , Lavastida Vicki 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe election of Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential race was said to result in an unprecedented surge in public support for nonprofit advocacy organizations. Given the cyclical nature of public attention to hard-to-solve social problems and the challenges associated with free-riding in collective action, a question arises as to the extent to which such elevated public support sustains itself over time. The purpose of this study is to examine whether local nonprofit advocacy groups experienced a post-election boost for public support and to what extent the increase, if any, sustained itself 18 months or longer after the election. Our study also explores various organizational incentives advocacy groups use to maintain support. We gather data from structured interviews of advocacy organizations in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. Our findings suggest that many local advocacy groups did receive enhanced public support in the forms of volunteer requests, donations, and membership immediately after the election and the majority of them were able to retain the support over time. Normative organizational incentives were predominantly used to recruit and retain supporters, while utilitarian incentives, similar to Olson’s selective private benefits, were not commonly adopted.
Jet-cooked papermaking starches studied using 1H NMR-relaxometry and viscometry
Authors: Raunio Jenna , Nikolskaya Ekaterina , Hiltunen Yrjö 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Two wet-end starches (potato and barley), one surface sizing starch (barley) and one coating binder starch (barley) were jet-cooked. Samples were collected and stored at 90, 60 and 40 °C. 1H NMR-relaxometry and viscometry were used to monitor the jet-cooked solutions as they cooled to room temperature. Samples stored at different temperatures were also monitored using 1H NMR-relaxometry and viscometry. A sediment formed into the surface sizing and coating binder starches stored at 90 °C. The sediment and supernatant were separated and collected, and measured using 1H NMR-relaxometry. The

T

2

{T_{2}}

relaxation rates of jet-cooked starches showed significant differences between potato and barley starches, as had also been examined in previous studies. The NMR method was also sensitive to differences in solids content and chemical modification (degree of cationization, degree of oxidation and molecular weight). The cooking temperature, cooking speed and viscosity did not influence

T

2

{T_{2}}

relaxation rates. The sediment separated from the surface sizing and coating binder starches held at 90 °C had a significantly higher relaxation rate than the supernatant, indicating that the sediment contained a high amount of retrograded starch.
Paperboard as a substrate for biocompatible slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces
Authors: Mikriukova Mariia , Lahti Johanna , Haapanen Janne , Mäkelä Jyrki M. , Kuusipalo Jurkka 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces or SLIPS were first introduced in 2011 by Wong et al. who reported a bioinspired self-repairing surface with remarkable slippery properties. Generally, production of these surfaces includes fossil-based or expensive materials and processes that are available mainly in laboratory scale. In this study, slippery surfaces with sliding angles of less than 10° are obtained using fibre-based material – paperboard – that is commercially available in large-scale and also cheap compared to substrates generally used in this field. The hierarchical nanostructure that is a necessary condition for appropriate droplet mobility was obtained by the liquid flame spray method. This method is fast, scalable, has a variety of optimization parameters and can be utilized in roll-to-roll technology that is traditional in paper industry. In this work, paperboard serves not only as a substrate, but also as a reservoir for the lubricant, thus it is important to evaluate the affinity of the material for the oils and estimate the capillary movement. Therefore, Cobb and Klemm methods were used when choosing a paperboard material. In addition to synthetic oils, rapeseed oil was also utilized as a lubricant, which potentially leads to eco-friendly and recyclable slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces.
Structure, processing and performance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (IUPAC Technical Report). Part 3: deformation, wear and fracture
Authors: Bucknall Clive , Altstädt Volker , Auhl Dietmar , Buckley Paul , Dijkstra Dirk , Galeski Andrzej , Gögelein Christoph , Handge Ulrich A. , He Jiasong , Liu Chen-Yang , Michler Goerg , Piorkowska Ewa , Slouf Miroslav , Vittorias Iakovos , Wu Jun Jie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Three grades of polyethylene, with weight-average relative molar masses,

M
‾

W

${\bar{M}}_{\text{W}}$

, of approximately 0.6 × 106, 5 × 106, and 9 × 106, were supplied as compression mouldings by a leading manufacturer of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). They were code-named PE06, PE5, and PE9, respectively. Specimens cut from these mouldings were subjected to a wide range of mechanical tests at 23 °C. In tensile tests, deformation was initially elastic and dominated by crystallinity, which was highest in PE06. Beyond the yield point, entanglement density became the dominant factor, and at 40 % strain, the rising stress–strain curves for PE5 and PE9 crossed the falling PE06 curve. Fracture occurred at strains above 150 %. Differences in stress–strain behaviour between PE5 and PE9 were relatively small. A similar pattern of behaviour was observed in wear tests; wear resistance showed a marked increase when

M
‾

W

${\bar{M}}_{\text{W}}$

was raised from 0.6 × 106 to 5 × 106, but there was no further increase when it was raised to 9 × 106. It is concluded that the unexpected similarity in behaviour between PE5 and PE9 was due to incomplete consolidation during moulding, which led to deficiencies in entanglement at grain boundaries; they were clearly visible on the surfaces of both tensile and wear specimens. Fatigue crack growth in 10 mm thick specimens was so severely affected by inadequate consolidation that it forms the basis for a separate report – Part 4 in this series.
COVID-19 and the Potential Consequences for Social Stability
Authors: Censolo Roberto , Morelli Massimo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEpidemics create risks of social unrest. The great plagues of the past show that social tensions, accumulated over the epidemic and before, often erupted in serious uprisings in the years after the epidemic. Based on historical evidence, we predict that the protests inherited from the pre-COVID-19 period should be crowded out by epidemic-related unrest as long as the epidemic lasts, whereas in the aftermath of the epidemic we should expect the unresolved pre-epidemic grievances to resume even stronger, boosted also by the incremental social grievances related to the epidemic period. While the epidemic lasts, the status quo and incumbent governments tend to consolidate, but a sharp increase in social instability in the aftermath of the epidemic should be expected.
A quantitative study on using digital photoelasticity for characterising the effect of the stretching speed on the necking phenomenon
Authors: Hamza Ahmed A. , Sokkar Taha Z. N. , El-Bakary Mohammed A. , Azzam Amira A. S. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The digital photoelastic technique is used to characterise the necking behaviour of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) fibres. The effect of stretching rate on necking initiation is studied. The birth of necking is observed using photoelastic patterns of the stretched fibres to understand how the localised difference between the principle stresses grows to form a necking region. Finally, the formation of multiple necking regions is characterised photoelastically. These multiple necks are initiated using the same formation mechanism and conditions as if there is only a single necking region. It was evident that, fast stretching causes faster arrangement of molecular chains and hence decreases the time required for necking initiation. Recommendations are suggested for optimum mechanical processing conditions of iPP fibres to avoid failure by necking. Photoelastic patterns are given for illustration.
Radiolytic stability of pillar[5]arene-based diglycolamides
Authors: Wang Ying , Wu Geyang , Xu Hongjun , Ma Haoyang , Yuan Lihua , Feng Wen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Radiolytic stability of pillar[5]arene-based diglycolamides (P5DGAs) against gamma irradiation up to 1000 kGy adsorbed dose was studied. The results reveal the increase of radiation damage degree on P5DGAs with dose. The radiolysis products of P5DGAs including the gaseous and solid products were fully characterized by 1H NMR, HR-ESI-MS, GC, and HPLC techniques. It was found that the main radiolytic gas products of P5DGAs under argon are H2, N2, CO and gaseous hydrocarbons. The solid degradation products contain phenolic hydroxyl groups and secondary amine groups. In addition, solvent extraction toward Eu(III) was performed with P5DGAs, in which about 50% decrease on extraction efficiency was observed for irradiated P5DGAs with dose of 1000 kGy in comparison with the non-irradiated one. A radiolytic degradation pathway was also proposed based on the above results. This is the first time to investigate the radiolytic stability of neat P5DGAs and P5DGAs in molecular diluent in detail and provides useful information for further application of P5DGAs in practical applications for spent fuel reprocessing.
Noninvasive brain stimulation for patients with a disorder of consciousness: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Feng Yali , Zhang Jiaqi , Zhou Yi , Bai Zhongfei , Yin Ying 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have been used to facilitate the recovery from prolonged unconsciousness as a result of brain injury. The aim of this study is to systematically assess the effects of NIBS in patients with a disorder of consciousness (DOC). We searched four databases for any randomized controlled trials on the effect of NIBS in patients with a DOC, which used the JFK Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) as the primary outcome measure. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to pool effect sizes. Fourteen studies with 273 participants were included in this review, of which 12 studies with sufficient data were included in the meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis showed a significant effect on increasing CRS-R scores in favor of real stimulation as compared to sham (Hedges’ g = 0.522; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.318–0.726; P < 0.0001, I
2 = 0.00%). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that only anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) significantly enhances the CRS-R scores in patients with a DOC, as compared to sham (Hedges’ g = 0.703; 95% CI, 0.419–0.986; P < 0.001), and this effect was predominant in patients in a minimally conscious state (MCS) (Hedges’ g = 0.815; 95% CI, 0.429–1.200; P < 0.001). Anodal tDCS of the left DLPFC appears to be an effective approach for patients with MCS.
The association between initial opioid type and long-term opioid use after hip fracture surgery in elderly opioid-naïve patients
Authors: Simoni Amalie H. , Nikolajsen Lone , Olesen Anne E. , Christiansen Christian F. , Johnsen Søren P. , Pedersen Alma B. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Long-term opioid use after hip fracture surgery has been demonstrated in previously opioid-naïve elderly patients. It is unknown if the opioid type redeemed after hip surgery is associated with long-term opioid use. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the opioid type redeemed within the first three months after hip fracture surgery and opioid use 3–12 months after the surgery.

Methods
A nationwide population-based cohort study was conducted using data from Danish health registries (2005–2015). Previously opioid-naïve patients registered in the Danish Multidisciplinary Hip Fracture Registry, aged ≥65 years, who redeemed ≥1 opioid prescription within three months after the surgery, were included. Long-term opioid use was defined as ≥1 redeemed prescription within each of three three-month periods within the year after hip fracture surgery. The proportion with long-term opioid use after surgery, conditioned on nine-month survival, was calculated according to opioid types within three months after surgery. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for different opioid types were computed by logistic regression analyses with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using morphine as reference. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age, comorbidity and calendar time before and after 2010.

Results
The study included 26,790 elderly, opioid-naïve patients with opioid use within three months after hip fracture surgery. Of these patients, 21% died within nine months after the surgery. Among the 21,255 patients alive nine months after surgery, 15% became long-term opioid users. Certain opioid types used within the first three months after surgery were associated with long-term opioid use compared to morphine (9%), including oxycodone (14%, aOR; 1.76, 95% CI 1.52–2.03), fentanyl (29%, aOR; 4.37, 95% CI 3.12–6.12), codeine (13%, aOR; 1.55, 95% CI 1.14–2.09), tramadol (13%, aOR; 1.56, 95% CI 1.35–1.80), buprenorphine (33%, aOR; 5.37, 95% CI 4.14–6.94), and >1 opioid type (27%, aOR; 3.83, 95% CI 3.31–4.44). The proportion of long-term opioid users decreased from 18% before 2010 to 13% after 2010.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that use of certain opioid types after hip fracture surgery is more associated with long-term opioid use than morphine and the proportion initiating long-term opioid use decreased after 2010. The findings suggest that some elderly, opioid-naïve patients appear to be presented with untreated pain conditions when seen in the hospital for a hip fracture surgery. Decisions regarding the opioid type prescribed after hospitalization for hip fracture surgery may be linked to different indication for pain treatment, emphasizing the likelihood of careful and conscientious opioid prescribing behavior.
Partial enzyme digestion facilitates regeneration of crushed nerve in rat
Authors: Tsuang Fon-Yih , Chen Ming-Hong , Lin Feng-Huei , Yang Ming-Chia , Liao Chun-Jen , Chang Wen-Hsiang , Sun Jui-Sheng 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a life-changing disability with significant socioeconomic consequences. In this rat model, we propose that partial enzyme digestion can facilitate the functional recovery of a crushed nerve. The sciatic nerves were harvested and in vitro cultured with the addition of Liberase to determine the appropriate enzyme amount in the hyaluronic acid (HA) membrane. Then, the sciatic nerve of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats was exposed, crushed, and then treated with partial enzyme digestion (either 0.001 or 0.002 unit/mm2 Liberase-HA membrane). The sciatic function index (SFI) for functional recovery of the sciatic nerve was evaluated. After 2 h of in vitro digestion, fascicles and axons were separated from each other, with the cells mobilized. Greater destruction of histology structures occurred in the high enzyme (Liberase-HA membrane at 0.002 unit/mm2) group at 24 h than in the low enzyme (0.001 unit/mm2) group at 48 h. In the SFI evaluation, the improvement in 0.001 unit/mm2 Liberase group was significantly better than control and 0.002 unit/mm2 Liberase group. Our study demonstrated that appropriate enzyme digestion had a significantly faster and earlier recovery.
Das versale Eszett
Authors: Walder Adrienne 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In June 2017, a new letter was officially introduced into the German language: the capital eszett <ẞ>. Following a suggestion of the Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung (Council for German Orthography), the letter was included in the revised version of the official spelling rules, and also the new 2017 edition of the Duden mentions the capital eszett. The present article investigates the reasons underlying this orthographic change.
VonDonaustromzuDonauwelle. Die Entwicklung der Eigennamenkomposition von 1600–1900
Authors: Schlücker Barbara 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDespite their high frequency in present-day language, German proper name compounds have received little attention in the linguistic literature. It has been assumed that this pattern is rather recent, and possibly a loan from English. Focusing on the period between 1600 and 1900, the paper provides evidence against this claim. More specifically, I argue that the development of proper name compounds can only be properly described if proper name compounds that are names themselves (e. g.,Martin-Luther-Universität‘Martin Luther University’) are strictly distinguished from those that are common nouns (e. g.,Nilfahrt‘Nile ride’). It is shown that both types develop differently, and in particular that common noun compounds undergo a functional extension in this period. In this connection the paper also discusses the idea of proper name compounds as competitors of the genitive and it compares proper name compounds and alternative constructions with respect to the concept of the “Nominalklammer” (nominal frame).
Das sächsisch-magdeburgische Recht in den Manuskripten der Bibliothek des Priesterseminars in Kielce, Signatur RK 45/28 – Ergänzung zu Deutsche Rechtsbücher des Mittelalters
Authors: Mikuła Maciej 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Saxon-Magdeburg Law in the manuscripts from the Seminar Library in Kielce, Shelfmark RK 35/28. In medieval cities and towns which had been founded on Magdeburg law in the Kingdom of Poland, Magdeburg Weichbild and the Speculum Saxonum belonged to the most important sources of law. One of their manuscripts from the Seminar Library of Kielce (shelfmark RK 45/28) was until now not well known. This manuscript consists of several theological and legal texts and was written in 1429 by rector Paulus de Potok. A comparison with 19 other texts of Magdeburg Weichbild of the so called ‘Silesian-Lesser Poland version’ (which prevails in the Kingdom of Poland) makes obvious that a text from Częstochowa (of 1423) was a base, direct or indirect, for the Kielce manuscript, compiling the Sandomiriensis and Cracoviensis versions. The Speculum Saxonum in the Kielce ms. is related to the so called versio Sandomiriensis.
El desafío del financiamiento de los medios estatales en América Latina. Un debate pendiente y urgente
Authors: Linares Alejandro Felix 
Published: August 2020

El artículo reconstruye los mecanismos de financiamiento, la regulación vinculada y las tendencias en los presupuestos manejados por los medios estatales de Argentina, Colombia, Chile y Brasil. A partir de allí se trazan tendencias y comparaciones que se contraponen con las experiencias de Canadá y Reino Unido
El periodo central seleccionado va de 2014 a 2017, pero se busca reconocer regularidades o rupturas en el tiempo con la recuperación de cifras de 2004 y 2009. La metodología incluye la realización de entrevistas, la evaluación de documentación contable, la revisión de documentos públicos y el análisis de bibliografía específica.
Se concluye que limitar las fuentes de financiamiento al presupuesto nacional o la publicidad comercial conspira contra la previsiblidad de estos proyectos. Por tanto, se plantean las ventajes de incorporar una variedad de mecanismos de abastecimiento económico.