bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheumatic involvement and bone scan features in Schnitzler syndrome: initial and follow-up data from a single-center cohort of 25 patients
Authors: Darrieutort-Laffite Christelle , Ansquer Catherine , Aubert Hélène , Kraeber-Bodéré Françoise , Masseau Agathe , Agard Christian , Hamidou Mohamed , Bernier Claire , Berthelot Jean-Marie , Le Goff Benoit , Barbarot Sébastien , Néel Antoine 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
To report on the characteristics and long-term course of rheumatic manifestations in Schnitzler syndrome (SchS).

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of patients with SchS followed between 2000 and 2020. Inclusion criteria included a diagnosis of SchS (Strasbourg criteria). All available bone scans were reviewed and scored according to the intensity and number of pathological sites. The scintigraphic score was compared with the clinical activity score, CRP level, and treatments.

Results
Twenty-five patients were included. Median age at diagnosis was 68 years. Eighty patients (72%) had SchS-related rheumatic pain. Most patients had a long-standing isolated rash before constitutional and/or rheumatic symptoms appeared. The monoclonal component level was usually very low (IgMκ in 22/25). Rheumatic pain predominated around the knees. Bone scans revealed abnormal tracer uptake in 15/18 (85%). The scintigraphic score correlated with clinical activity (r = 0.4, p < 0.02) and CRP level (r = 0.47, p < 0.01). The scintigraphic score was lower in patients receiving corticosteroids or IL1Ra (interleukin 1 receptor antagonist) than in untreated patients (median scores:2, 0, and 13, respectively; p < 0.05). Two patients developed Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Of the 22 surviving patients, median age at follow-up was 76 years. IL1Ra was used in 13 patients, with dramatic efficacy on both symptoms and bone scan features.

Conclusions
Rheumatic manifestations are very prevalent in SchS. However, bone pain can be misleading and contribute to misdiagnosis. Bone scan abnormalities are very prevalent and correlate with disease activity and treatments. IL1-Ra has a dramatic and durable efficacy but may not be required in every patient early on.
Twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence in a monochorionic monoamniotic twin pregnancy: a very rare condition
Authors: Abouie Abolfazl , Rakhshankhah Nima , Younesi Ladan , Safarpour Zeinab , Roostaee Ayda , Amjad Ghazaleh 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
Twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence (TRAP) is a very rare congenital anomaly. We present sonographic findings of TRAP sequence in the case of a multiparous woman with a monochorionic monoamniotic twin pregnancy who was referred to our unit for blood sugar control.

Case presentation
The patient had a history of co-twin demise at 13 weeks of gestation without appropriate fetal surveillance afterwards. We found a monochorionic placentation with a normal appearing pump twin, an abnormal appearing co-twin without obvious cardiac activity and reversed arterial flow toward instead of away from the anomalous acardiac fetus. Therefore, the sonographic diagnosis of TRAP sequence was confirmed.

Conclusions
We recommend considering the potential rare complications of monochorionic twin pregnancy which necessitates proper surveillance and intervention to monitor suitable growth of pump twin.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Brain: An Update on Structural and Functional Studies
Authors: Ozgen Saydam Basak , Yildiz Bulent Okan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractContextPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of women in reproductive age and is associated with reproductive, endocrine, metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychological outcomes. All these disorders are thought to be affected by central mechanisms which could be a major contributor in pathogenesis of PCOS.Evidence AcquisitionThis mini-review discusses the relevance of central nervous system imaging modalities in understanding the neuroendocrine origins of PCOS as well as their relevance to understanding its comorbidities.Evidence SynthesisCurrent data suggest that central nervous system plays a key role in development of PCOS. Decreased global and regional brain volumes and altered white matter microstructure in women with PCOS is shown by structural imaging modalities. Functional studies show diminished reward response in corticolimbic areas, brain glucose hypometabolism, and greater opioid receptor availability in reward-related regions in insulin-resistant patients with PCOS. These structural and functional disturbances are associated with nonhomeostatic eating, diminished appetitive responses, as well as cognitive dysfunction and mood disorders in women with PCOS.ConclusionStructural and functional brain imaging is an emerging modality in understanding pathophysiology of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity as well as PCOS. Neuroimaging can help researchers and clinicians for better understanding the pathophysiology of PCOS and related comorbidities as well as better phenotyping PCOS.
Interactions Between Age, Sex, Menopause, and Brain Structure at Midlife: A UK Biobank Study
Authors: Than Stephanie , Moran Chris , Beare Richard , Vincent Amanda J , Collyer Taya A , Wang Wei , Callisaya Michele L , Thomson Russell , Phan Thanh G , Fornito Alex , Srikanth Velandai K 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Age and female sex are risk factors for dementia, and menopause is associated with cognitive dysfunction. Previous work largely considered the effects of sex and menopause as being independent of age. We studied whether age interacts with sex or menopause in explaining imaging biomarkers of dementia during midlife.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study of UK Biobank participants with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we explored the interaction of age with sex or menopausal status in explaining total brain volume (TBV), gray matter volume (GMV), white matter volume (WMV), white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), regional cortical volume , and subcortical volume.

Results
Data were available for 1827 postmenopausal women, 230 pre/perimenopausal women and 2165 men (median age 63.3 years). There was a significant interaction between age and sex (P = .024) for TBV, where the inverse association age with TBV was steeper in women (β = –5.35 mL/year) than in men (β = –4.77 mL/year). Similar age–sex interactions were also observed for GMV and WMV. In women, there was a significant interaction between age and menopausal status (P = .007) where the inverse association of age with TBV was steeper in postmenopausal (β = –5.89 mL/year) than in pre/perimenopausal women (β = –1.61 mL/year). Similar age–menopause interactions were found in predicting lower GMV and higher WMHV. Differences in the direction of these age–sex and age–menopause interactions were found for regional cortical and subcortical brain volumes.

Conclusion
Sex and menopause both interact with age during midlife in explaining MRI biomarkers of dementia. Further work is required to understand the mechanisms driving these interactions to develop strategies for delaying dementia.
Glucagon Receptor Inhibition Reduces Hyperammonemia and Lethality in Male Mice with Urea Cycle Disorder
Authors: Cavino Katie , Sung Biin , Su Qi , Na Erqian , Kim Jinrang , Cheng Xiping , Gromada Jesper , Okamoto Haruka 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The liver plays a critical role in maintaining ammonia homeostasis. Urea cycle defects, liver injury, or failure and glutamine synthetase (GS) deficiency result in hyperammonemia, serious clinical conditions, and lethality. In this study we used a mouse model with a defect in the urea cycle enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase (Otcspf-ash) to test the hypothesis that glucagon receptor inhibition using a monoclonal blocking antibody will reduce the hyperammonemia and associated lethality induced by a high-protein diet, which exacerbates disease. We found reduced expression of glutaminase, which degrades glutamine and increased expression of GS in livers of Otcspf-ash mice treated with the glucagon receptor blocking antibody. The gene expression changes favor ammonia consumption and were accompanied by increased circulating glutamine levels and diminished hyperammonemia. Otcspf-ash mice treated with the glucagon receptor-blocking antibody gained lean and body mass and had increased survival. These data suggest that glucagon receptor inhibition using a monoclonal antibody could reduce the risk for hyperammonemia and other clinical manifestations of patients suffering from defects in the urea cycle, liver injury, or failure and GS deficiency.
Presupposition, assertion and the encoding of evidentiality in political discourse
Authors: Masia Viviana 
Published: November 2020

The way linguistic messages are “packaged” in political discourse often reflects evidentially-based criteria and, notably, the intention of the politician to make his epistemic commitment more or less manifest in relation to the type of content proffered to the receiver. The present paper analyzes the evidential function of presupposition and assertion (apud Masia 2017) in a corpus of English, French and Italian political speeches, with the aim of highlighting how these units of information structure are strategically resorted to by politicians to modulate their commitment to more or less challengeable types of content. Data show that more challengeable content types (i. e. attacks and self-praises) are likely to be encoded as presupposition, which reduces the speaker’s commitment to their truth; in contrast, less challengeable content types (i. e. neutral/informative and stance-taking) are more likely to be asserted, with the speaker showing stronger commitment to their truth.
From non-use to covert and overt use of contraception: Identifying community and individual factors informing Nigerian women’s degree of contraceptive empowerment
Authors: OlaOlorun Funmilola M. , Anglewicz Philip , Moreau Caroline 
Published: November 2020

Objective
In Nigeria, unmet need for contraception is high despite improved access to modern contraception. To identify factors that support Nigerian women’s contraceptive decisions to achieve their reproductive goals, in the presence or absence of their partner’s support, we seek to identify individual/couple and community level determinants of a spectrum of contraceptive practices, from non-use to covert and overt use of contraception.

Methods
Data were drawn from a national probability survey conducted by Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 in Nigeria in 2017–2018. A sample of 12,948 women 15–49 years was included, 6433 of whom were in need of contraception at the time of the survey. We conducted bivariate and multivariate analysis to identify individual/couple and community level factors associated with covert use relative to non-use and to overt use of contraception.

Results
Altogether, 58.0% of women in need of contraception were non-users, 4.5% were covert users and 37.5% used contraception overtly. Covert users were more educated and wealthier than non-users, but less educated and less wealthy than overt users. Covert users were less likely to cohabitate with their partner compared to non-users [AOR = 4.60 (95%CI: 3.06–6.93)] and overt users [AOR = 5.01 (95%CI: 3.24–7.76)] and more likely to reside in urban areas. At the community level, covert users were more likely to live in communities with higher contraceptive prevalence and higher levels of female education relative to non-users. They were also more likely to live in communities with higher female employment [AOR = 1.62, (95%CI: 0.96–2.73)] compared to overt users.

Conclusion
By identifying individual and community level factors associated with the spectrum from non-use to covert use and overt use of contraception, this study highlights the importance of integrating individual and community interventions to support women’s realization of their reproductive goals.
First trimester secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 4 and other adipokine serum concentrations in women developing gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Schuitemaker Joost H. N. , Beernink Rik H. J. , Franx Arie , Cremers Thomas I. F. H. , Koster Maria P. H. 
Published: November 2020

Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether soluble frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4) concentration in the first trimester of pregnancy is individually, or in combination with Leptin, Chemerin and/or Adiponectin, associated with the development of gestational diabetes (GDM).

Methods
In a nested case-control study, 50 women with GDM who spontaneously conceived and delivered a live-born infant were matched with a total of 100 uncomplicated singleton control pregnancies based on body mass index (± 2 kg/m2), gestational age at sampling (exact day) and maternal age (± 2 years). In serum samples, obtained between 70–90 days gestational age, sFRP4, Chemerin, Leptin and Adiponectin concentrations were determined by ELISA. Statistical comparisons were performed using univariate and multi-variate logistic regression analysis after logarithmic transformation of the concentrations. Discrimination of the models was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC).

Results
First trimester sFRP4 concentrations were significantly increased in GDM cases (2.04 vs 1.93 ng/ml; p<0.05), just as Chemerin (3.19 vs 3.15 ng/ml; p<0.05) and Leptin (1.44 vs 1.32 ng/ml; p<0.01). Adiponectin concentrations were significantly decreased (2.83 vs 2.94 ng/ml; p<0.01) in GDM cases. Further analysis only showed a weak, though significant, correlation of sFRP4 with Chemerin (R2 = 0.124; p<0.001) and Leptin (R2 = 0.145; p<0.001), and Chemerin with Leptin (R2 = 0.282; p<0.001) in the control group. In a multivariate logistic regression model of these four markers, only Adiponectin showed to be significantly associated with GDM (odds ratio 0.12, 95%CI 0.02–0.68). The AUC of this model was 0.699 (95%CI 0.605–0.793).

Conclusion
In the first trimester of pregnancy, a multi-marker model with sFRP4, Leptin, Chemerin and Adiponectin is associated with the development of GDM. Therefore, this panel seems to be an interesting candidate to further evaluate for prediction of GDM in a prospective study.
Criteria-evaluative competencies of sophomore students of the Faculty of Physical Education in the context of distance learning
Authors: Korolkov Alexey Nikolaevich , Shevyakova Arina Aleksandrovna 
Published: November 2020

An assessment of the formation of general cultural and professional competencies of students of future teachers of the subject of physical education in the conditions of distance learning was carried out. A study was organized consisting in comparing the assessments of graduate qualification works of bachelors of physical education by sophomore students conducted as part of classes in the subject: "Fundamentals of scientific and methodological activities" at the Faculty of Physical Culture of Moscow State Regional University in May-June 2020, with the final assessments of the state certification commission.
It was established that the shortcomings of distance learning, according to the students surveyed, include: an increase in the volume of homework, technical problems with electronic communication, a lack of live communication with teachers and fellow students and hypodynamy. The advantages of distance learning by students included: saving time and money for moving, conducting classes in a comfortable home environment, flexibility in training planning and the ability to learn new courses.
A study of the homogeneity of a group of respondents found that according to examination estimates, students were divided into two groups (with high and low grades), and according to the attendance of classes into three groups of students: absentees who go through the lesson and attend constantly. At the same time, approximately 29% of the assessment in the exam is determined by the number of visits to classes. In the remote format, attendance significantly increased by 12% (t-criterion) from the initial to the quarantine period. It is also determined that 13% of the value of the final assessment of graduate qualification works is determined by the personality of the student expert in the sample under study, and not by the content of the applicant's report and presentation.
As a result of cluster analysis, three clusters of expert students are identified, differing in levels of responsibility, social and cognitive intelligence.
It was established that criterion-evaluation competencies in terms of assessing knowledge in the subject area of ​ ​ "physical culture" are formed in most students by the end of the second year. More than 80% of sophomore students begin to evaluate graduate work almost the same as members of the state certification commission
Morfologia e morfometria do encéfalo de avestruz (Struthio camelus)
Authors: Viana Peçanha Shirley , Faria Hernandez José Miguel , Medeiros do Nascimento Renata , Souza Junior Paulo , Abidu-Figueiredo Marcelo 
Published: November 2020

O avestruz africano (Struthio camelus) é uma ave ratita da família Struthionidae. As características anatômicas do encéfalo do avestruz Africano foram investigadas neste estudo. Vinte encéfalos de avestruzes adultos (10 machos e 10 fêmeas), fixados em formaldeído a 10%, foram analisados neste estudo. Foram obtidas as medidas do encéfalo: comprimento e largura total do encéfalo, comprimento, largura e altura dos hemisférios cerebrais direito e esquerdo, comprimento e largura do cerebelo, comprimento e largura dos lobos ópticos direito e esquerdo. Os resultados para cada variável foram expressos em média e desvio padrão. Através do teste t de Student não-pareado as variáveis foram comparadas entre os sexos e entre os antímeros. A média e desvio padrão do comprimento e largura do encéfalo dos machos foram de 5,57 ± 0,23 cm e 4,19 ± 0,16, respectivamente. Nas fêmeas a média e desvio padrão do comprimento e largura do encéfalo foram de 5,56 ±0,23 e 4,18 ± 0,16 respectivamente. O cerebelo aparece relativamente bem desenvolvido e se projeta dorsalmente. A superfície do cérebro do avestruz é lisa sem qualquer giro ou sulco. Os bulbos olfatórios são muito pequenos. O lobo óptico é uma eminência oval localizada bilateralmente na parte ventral do mesencéfalo e converge na linha mediana ventral. O comprimento médio dos crânios dos machos é maior que o das fêmeas.
Divine Foreknowledge and Providence
Authors: Frigerio Aldro , De Florio Ciro 
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we aim to examine the relationships between four solutions to the dilemma of divine foreknowledge and human freedom—theological determinism, Molinism, simple foreknowledge and open theism—and divine providence and theodicy. Some of these solutions—theological determinism and Molinism, in particular—highlight God’s government of the world. Some others—simple foreknowledge and open theism—highlight human autonomy and freedom. In general, the more libertarian human freedom is highlighted, the less God’s government of the history of the world seems possible. However, the task of theodicy becomes easier because humans are fully responsible for the evil they do. Conversely, the more God’s government is highlighted, the more human freedom seems to be restricted. Moreover, God seems to be directly or indirectly responsible for evil in the world. Because of the trade–off between control and freedom, each solution finds itself at ease with some problems, while on other fronts, it must adopt a defensive position. As we will see, no solution can solve all problems; thus, the pros and cons of each solution should be weighed carefully.
Efficacy and safety of tripterygium glycosides for active moderate to severe Graves’ ophthalmopathy: a randomised, observer-masked, single-centre trial
Authors: Ye Xiaozhen , Zhao Heng , Liu Jun , Lu Bin , Shao Jiaqing , Wang Jian 
Published: November 2020

Background
Tripterygium glycosides (TG) has been used to treat a spectrum of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Our preliminary studies have shown that TG is effective in the treatment of active Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO).

Objective
We aimed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of TG with intravenous methylprednisolone (iv.MP) in patients with active moderate-to-severe GO.

Methods
This study was an observer-masked, single-centre, block-randomised trial. Patients with active moderate-to-severe GO were randomly assigned to receive iv.MP (500 mg once per week for 6 weeks followed by 250 mg per week for 6 weeks) or with TG (20 mg tablet three times per day for 24 weeks). The primary endpoints were the overall response rate and the patients’ quality of life at 12 and 24 weeks.

Results
In this study, 161 patients were enrolled and randomised from 2015 to 2019. A total of 79 were randomly assigned to receive iv.MP and 82 to receive TG. A greater overall response rate was found in the TG group compared with the iv.MP group at week 24 (90.2% vs 68.4%, P = 0.000). Similarly, the patients’ quality of life of the TG group showed a significantly higher response than the iv.MP group at week 24 (89.02% vs 72.15%, P = 0.001). The TG therapy showed a better CAS response than the iv.MP (91.5% vs 70.9% improved, P < 0.05), and up to 91.2% of patients were inactive. Also, the TG group showed a significantly higher improved rate of diplopia, proptosis, visual acuity, soft tissue involved and the decrease of eye muscle motility than the iv.MP group at week 24. Significantly more patients in the iv.MP group than the TG group experienced adverse events.

Conclusion
Compared with iv.MP treatment, TG therapy is more effective and safer for patients with active moderate to severe GO.
Metodologías para reforzar la literacidad y el respeto por los libros
Authors: Tello Burgos Natalia , Calero Castillo Ana Isabel , López Montes Ana María 
Published: November 2020

A partir del año 2017, desde el Departamento de Pintura de la Universidad de Granada dentro del Grado en Conservación y Restauración de Bienes Culturales, estamos realizando actividades dirigidas a fomentar la literacidad en el alumnado y recuperar la apreciación por los libros a diferentes edades. Con la incorporación de las nuevas tecnologías y el acceso a contenidos de todo tipo a través de las pantallas, asistimos al paulatino arrinconamiento de la lectura y el empleo de libros, restándoles valor y atención a sus aspectos formales, decorativos y textuales. Es por ello que consideramos fundamental llevar a cabo este tipo de iniciativas que trasladan a las aulas actividades prácticas para impulsar el conocimiento y reconocimiento de los libros a la par que desarrollan habilidades motrices, cognitivas y su creatividad.
Debido a las inusuales circunstancias de este año 2020 y con motivo de la celebración del día del libro el 23 de abril, se han propuesto actividades para poder realizar en casa mediante un archivo digital descargable con contenido visual y audiovisual. Para la divulgación y la exposición de los trabajos realizados se ha utilizado un hashtag y las redes sociales.
La realización de este tipo de actividades está aportando resultados muy positivos y con una alta implicación de los colectivos implicados. Además, consideramos que la implementación de este tipo de actividades de manera regulada en la enseñanza aporta numerosas ventajas como la sensibilización y conocimiento del patrimonio documental, la importancia de su conservación y su defensa.