bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent Intergenerational Relationship Dynamics and Leaving and Returning to the Parental Home
Authors: Gillespie Brian Joseph 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveDrawing on the life course perspective and theoretical models of intergenerational solidarity, this research explores how adolescent–parent relationships (i.e., parent–child closeness, parental attentiveness, family routines, and parenting styles) are associated with young adults' transitions to adulthood.BackgroundThe study adds to the growing literature on adolescents' leaving and returning to the parental home by focusing on parent–child relationships and variations across gendered parent–child dyads.MethodBased on data spanning nearly 2 decades from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (N = 5,201), event history analysis was employed to assess how intergenerational family dynamics correlate with young adults' risk of leaving (n = 4,519) and returning to (n = 2,749) the parental home.ResultsThe results indicate that, net of individual, household, and other contextual factors, parent–child closeness is significantly and positively associated with leaving the parental home. This suggests that close parent–child relationships can help launch children into adulthood. Looking at returns to the parental home, closeness becomes significant for daughters only and is moderated by parent gender. In addition, measures of parenting style indicate a significant and negative association between more‐passive styles and children's return to the parental home.ConclusionThese findings highlight the need to more closely consider the impact of gender and parent–child relationship dynamics in facilitating young adults' transition to adulthood.
Long‐Term Consequences of Early Parenthood
Authors: Johansen Eva R. , Nielsen Helena S. , Verner Mette 
Published: November 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe study examines how early parenthood affects mothers and fathers of different ages, family backgrounds, and cohabitation status.BackgroundAlthough having children at an early age is associated with unfavorable outcomes for women, the evidence for men is sparse; moreover, having children and cohabiting early are closely related.MethodUsing Danish register data merging all childbirths to mothers and fathers, the authors examined the long‐term consequences of parenthood before age 21. Cohorts born 1968 to 1977 were included. The authors employed sibling fixed effects to investigate the link between early parenthood and educational attainment, employment, and earnings at ages 22 to 35.ResultsIn general, early parenthood limited education and employment, and the relationship was only slightly weaker for men than for women. The effects were persistent across ages, and young parents were still catching up to other parents into their 30s. Around half of the young couples cohabited around childbirth, which mitigated the effect for fathers in particular. Individuals with a favorable family background seemed to be affected more than others.ConclusionEarly parenthood had negative long‐term consequences for mothers and fathers—even in the context of a Nordic welfare state with generous support. Fathers were less affected when they remained with the mother and child.
Evaluation of the time-dependent antiproliferative activity and liver microsome stability of 3 phenyl 4-(2-oxo-3-alkylimidazolidin-1-yl)benzenesulfonates as promising CYP1A1-dependent antimicrotubule prodrugs
Authors: Zarifi Khosroshahi Mitra , Corin Chavez Alvarez Atziri , Gagné-Boulet Mathieu , C.-Gaudreault René , Gobeil Stéphane , Fortin Sébastien 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
In this study, the antiproliferative activity of 3 phenyl 4-(2-oxo-3-alkylimidazolidin-1-yl)benzenesulfonates (PAIB-SOs) was assessed in a time-dependent manner together with their hepatic stability and metabolism using human, mouse and rat liver microsomes.

Methods
CEU-818, -820 and -913 were selected as promising hit compounds. Their antiproliferative activity on human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells was evaluated using escalating concentrations of drugs at 24, 36 and 48 h and the sulforhodamine B assay. Their hepatic stability was evaluated by HPLC-UV of extracts obtained from human, mouse and rat liver microsomes.

Key findings
The antiproliferative activity of PAIB-SOs is concentration and time-dependent and requires between 24 and 36 h of contact with MCF-7 cells to detect a significant antiproliferative activity. PAIB-SOs stability in microsomes usually decreases following this order: human ≈ (rat &gt; mouse). The CEU-913 exhibits the longest half-life in rat and human liver microsomes while the CEU-820 exhibits the longest half-life in mouse liver microsomes.

Conclusions
Our in vitro results suggest that PAIB-SOs should have a minimum contact time of 24 h with the tumour to trigger significant antitumoural activity. The activity of mouse liver microsomes towards PAIB-SOs is higher than rat microsomes and tends to be higher than human liver microsomes.
Pulmonary delivery alters the disposition of raloxifene in rats
Authors: Kong Ying , Cai Hui , Xing Han , Ren Chang , Kong Dexuan , Ning Chen , Li Ning , Zhao Di , Chen Xijing , Lu Yang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objective
Pulmonary delivery is an effective way to improve the bioavailability of drugs with extensive metabolism. This research was designed to study the different pharmacokinetic behaviours of small molecule drug after pulmonary delivery and intragastric (i.g) administration.

Methods
Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator with low oral bioavailability (~2%), was chosen as the model drug. Studies were conducted systematically in rats, including plasma pharmacokinetics, excretion, tissue distribution and metabolism.

Key findings
Results showed that raloxifene solution dosed by intratracheal (i.t) administration exhibited relatively quick plasma elimination (t1/2 = 1.78 ± 0.14 h) and undetected absorption process, which was similar with intravenous injection. Compared with i.g administration, the bioavailability increased by 58 times, but the major route of excretion remained faecal excretion. Drug concentration on the bone and the target efficiency were improved by 49.6 times and five times, respectively. Benefited from quick elimination in the lung, chronic toxicity might be ignored.

Conclusions
Pulmonary administration improved the bioavailability of raloxifene and further increased the distribution on the target organ (bone), with no obvious impact on its excretory pattern.
Profitability improvement for brine shrimp Artemia franciscana commercial farming in coastal saltworks in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: A bioeconomic analysis
Authors: Nguyen Phuoc Vinh , Huang Cheng Ting , Truong Khac Hieu , Hsiao Yao Jen 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe live feed demands of the global aquaculture industry depend highly on Artemia production in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. However, the production and profitability of Artemia farming in the Mekong Delta have been affected by environmental and technical challenges. This study presents a cost and return analysis on Artemia franciscana farmed in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam by considering the interaction effects of farming scale and production model for improving Artemia production and profitability. The data were obtained from 94 farms, and the key factors affecting profitability were identified according to economic principles and multivariate statistical analysis. The results highlighted that the profitabilities of Artemia farms were significantly affected by farming scale, production model, and the interaction between these factors (p < .001). Farms applying a “cyst and biomass” model achieved more profit compared to those applying a “cyst” model. The greatest profitability was recorded for a small‐scale “cyst and biomass” model. In order to improve profitability, besides applying the “cyst and biomass” model and maintaining optimal stocking densities, a moderate increment of organic fertilizer and chemical inputs are essential to assure better nutrition and water environment for optimal growth of Artemia biomass and their reproductive activities. For further sustainable development, however, good collaboration between scientists and feed processing companies is suggested to commercially produce specific formulated feeds to satisfy Artemia nutritional demands and ensure environmental protection.
Incorporation of competition‐related TRIPS flexibilities in the domestic law: A case study of India
Authors: Syed Shirin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAbuse of patent rights can hit the three pillars of the competition law viz., agreements, abuse of dominant position and combination (mergers and acquisitions). In the context of the interface between competition law and patented inventions, the following acts can strike hard at the different pillars of competition law. First, the licensing agreements containing conditions, which may prevent competition, can attract the provisions of competition law to regulate agreements. Second, high prices on patented products can be treated as an abuse of dominant position. Third, refusal to license an intellectual property right may be anticompetitive under certain conditions such as refusing to license the second/dependent patent over the existing patented invention, and refusal on reasonable terms to the competitors. The TRIPS Agreement does contain flexibilities offering remedies to address the public interest aspects including the abuse of patents. This paper examines the implementation of competition law‐related flexibilities in the Indian Patents Act and the Competition Act in the context of pharmaceutical product patents. It argues that though competition law flexibilities are incorporated in both statutes, there is further scope for optimising the scope of these flexibilities.
Genome editing in wheat microspores and haploid embryos mediated by delivery of ZFN proteins and cell‐penetrating peptide complexes
Authors: Bilichak Andriy , Sastry‐Dent Lakshmi , Sriram Shreedharan , Simpson Matthew , Samuel Pon , Webb Steve , Jiang Fengying , Eudes Francois 
Published: November 2019

SummaryRecent advances in genome engineering technologies based on designed endonucleases (DE) allow specific and predictable alterations in plant genomes to generate value‐added traits in crops of choice. The EXZACT Precision technology, based on zinc finger nucleases (ZFN), has been successfully used in the past for introduction of precise mutations and transgenes to generate novel and desired phenotypes in several crop species. Current methods for delivering ZFNs into plant cells are based on traditional genetic transformation methods that result in stable integration of the nuclease in the genome. Here, we describe for the first time, an alternative ZFN delivery method where plant cells are transfected with ZFN protein that eliminates the need for stable nuclease genomic integration and allows generation of edited, but not transgenic cells or tissues. For this study, we designed ZFNs targeting the wheat IPK1 locus, purified active ZFN protein from bacterial cultures, complexed with cell‐penetrating peptides (CPP) and directly transfected the complex into either wheat microspores or embryos. NGS analysis of ZFN‐treated material showed targeted edits at the IPK1 locus in independent experiments. This is the first description of plant microspore genome editing by a ZFN when delivered as a protein complexed with CPP.
Comparison of rye, triticale, durum wheat and bread wheat genotypes for Fusarium head blight resistance and deoxynivalenol contamination
Authors: Gaikpa David Sewordor , Lieberherr Bärbel , Maurer Hans Peter , Longin C. Friedrich H. , Miedaner Thomas 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSmall‐grain winter cereal crops can be infected with Fusarium head blight (FHB) leading to mycotoxin contamination and reduction in grain weight and quality. Although a number of studies have investigated the genetic variation of genotypes within each small‐grain cereal, a systematic comparison of the winter crops rye, triticale, durum and bread wheat for their FHB resistance, Fusarium‐damaged kernels (FDK) and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination across species is still missing. We have therefore evaluated twelve genotypes each of four crops widely varying in their FHB resistance under artificial infection with one DON‐producing F. culmorum isolate at constant spore concentrations and additionally at crop‐specific concentrations in two environments. Rye and triticale were the most resistant crops to FHB followed by bread and durum wheat at constant and crop‐specific spore concentrations. On average, rye accumulated the lowest amount of DON (10.08 mg/kg) in the grains, followed by triticale (15.18 mg/kg) and bread wheat (16.59 mg/kg), while durum wheat had the highest amount (30.68 mg/kg). Genotypic variances within crops were significant (p ≤ .001) in most instances. These results underline the differing importance of breeding for FHB resistance in the different crops.
Plasmonic rK28 ELISA improves the diagnosis of canineLeishmaniainfection
Authors: Oliveira dos Santos Maciel Marilene , Soares Matheus Fujimura , Costa Sidnei Ferro , Bragato Jaqueline Poleto , Rebech Gabriela Torres , de Freitas Jéssica Henrique , Alves Graziella Borges , de Oliveira Talita Carolina Bragança , Bresciani Katia Denise Saraiva , de Lima Valéria Marçal Felix 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the performance of a new enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) variant known as indirect “plasmonic ELISA” (pELISA) for the detection ofLeishmaniaspp. infection. Serum samples from 170 dogs from an area where canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is endemic and from 26 healthy dogs from a nonendemic area were tested by indirect pELISA, and the results were compared to those of an indirect ELISA (both with recombinant antigen rK28) and those of an immunochromatographic test (dual‐path platform, TR‐DPP®) using real‐time PCR on blood samples or conjunctival swabs as the gold standard. The pELISA, indirect rK28 ELISA and the TR‐DPP® immunochromatographic test presented sensitivities of 94.7%, 89.5% and 79.0% and specificities of 100%, 92.7% and 91.5%, respectively. The analysis of the results revealed that the specificity of the indirect pELISA was greater than that of the method recommended by the Ministry of Health in Brazil and may increase the feasibility of diagnosis in resource‐constrained countries because it does not require sophisticated instruments to read. Thus, this method can be used as an additional tool for the detection ofLeishmaniaspp. infection in these areas.
Simulating Behavioral Influences on Community Flood Risk under Future Climate Scenarios
Authors: Tonn Gina , Guikema Seth , Zaitchik Benjamin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractFlood risk is a function of both climate and human behavior, including individual and societal actions. For this reason, there is a need to incorporate both human and climatic components in models of flood risk. This study simulates behavioral influences on the evolution of community flood risk under different future climate scenarios using an agent‐based model (ABM). The objective is to understand better the ways, sometimes unexpected, that human behavior, stochastic floods, and community interventions interact to influence the evolution of flood risk. One historic climate scenario and three future climate scenarios are simulated using a case study location in Fargo, North Dakota. Individual agents can mitigate flood risk via household mitigation or by moving, based on decision rules that consider risk perception and coping perception. The community can mitigate or disseminate information to reduce flood risk. Results show that agent behavior and community action have a significant impact on the evolution of flood risk under different climate scenarios. In all scenarios, individual and community action generally result in a decline in damages over time. In a lower flood risk scenario, the decline is primarily due to agent mitigation, while in a high flood risk scenario, community mitigation and agent relocation are primary drivers of the decline. Adaptive behaviors offset some of the increase in flood risk associated with climate change, and under an extreme climate scenario, our model indicates that many agents relocate.
Housing markets, monetary policy, and the international co‐movement of housing bubbles
Authors: Caraiani Petre , Călin Adrian Cantemir 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe analyze whether there was co‐movement in bubbles at the international level from the mid‐1990s to 2018 using a data set of developed and emerging economies. We first identify the markets that were more prone to volatility and speculation before the crisis. Second, we determine and compare the responses of bubbles in housing markets to monetary policy in a Bayesian time‐varying framework. We then study the co‐movement of bubble responses to monetary shocks before and after the crisis using a dynamic factor model. This approach allows us to disentangle a common global factor from factors specific to high/low speculative housing markets.
In vitro antibacterial activity of the manuka essential oil from Leptospermum scoparium combined with Tris‐EDTA against Gram‐negative bacterial isolates from dogs with otitis externa
Authors: Song Soon‐Young , Hyun Jae‐Eun , Kang Jung-Hun , Hwang Cheol‐Yong 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThe increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria in dogs with otitis externa has led to a need for novel therapeutic agents.Hypothesis/ObjectiveTo examine the antibacterial effects of manuka oil combined with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid–tromethamine (Tris‐EDTA) against Gram‐negative bacteria isolates from dogs with otitis externa.Methods and materialsA total of 53 clinical isolates including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp. pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using disk diffusion; the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of manuka essential oil, with or without Tris‐EDTA, were investigated.ResultsA total of 44 isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 19 strains were multidrug‐resistant, with resistance to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial classes. The MICs and MBCs of manuka oil alone were ≥1% (v/v) and ≥2% (v/v), respectively. There was no antimicrobial effect of Tris‐EDTA (1.125:0.3 mg/mL) without manuka oil. However, the combination of manuka oil with Tris‐EDTA significantly decreased the MICs (ranging from 0.06% to 0.5%, v/v; P < 0.001) and MBCs (ranging from 0.06% to 1%, v/v; P < 0.001). There also was no significant difference between multidrug‐resistant and nonresistant bacterial isolates in terms of the antimicrobial activity of manuka oil with Tris‐EDTA.Conclusions and clinical importanceThe study findings suggest that manuka oil, especially when combined with Tris‐EDTA, may be a promising alternative therapeutic option for Gram‐negative otic pathogens. Clinical studies are needed to assess potential for in vivo ototoxic effects and efficacy.
Optimal collecting policy for apheresis platelets in a regional blood center
Authors: Lin Shi‐Woei , Hung Ying‐Sheng , Lee Wan‐Chen , Liu Chun‐Hung 
Published: November 2019

Background and objectivesPlanning platelet collection and inventory must rely not only on adequate forecasts of transfusion demand but also sophisticated mathematical modeling techniques. This research aims to develop a better demand forecasting model of apheresis platelets and a mathematical programming model to determine the best target amounts of apheresis platelet collection.Materials and methodsTime series data of apheresis platelets collected from donors and platelets supplied to hospitals daily in Taipei Blood Center from January 2014 to December 2015 was used to fit a forecasting model which combines a regression‐type model for formulating the deterministic trends and seasonal variation and an autoregressive moving average model (ARMA) for explaining remaining serial correlations. A seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model was also used for benchmarking the prediction performance. A linear programming model was then formulated to solve for the optimal daily target collection volumes that maximize the total social benefits.ResultsThe time series model achieved good predictive power with a mean absolute percentage error less than 10%. The appropriateness of the proposed target collection volumes was also verified by using a simulation model, and the proportion of the total platelets requested by hospitals that can be filled by collected apheresis platelets can increase significantly by using the new policy.ConclusionThe methods proposed in this study can be easily implemented to enhance the management efficiency of blood collecting and supplying of a blood center, and to decrease the costs of the blood outdates and shortages.
Impact of implementing pathogen reduction technologies for platelets on reducing outdates
Authors: Gorria Carlos , Labata Gorka , Lezaun Mikel , López F. Javier , Pérez Aliaga Ana Isabel , Pérez Vaquero Miguel Ángel 
Published: November 2019

Background and ObjectivesApplying pathogen reduction technologies (PRT) to platelets can extend their shelf life from 5 to 7 days, but there have been few systematic studies of the repercussions of such technologies on outdate rates.Material and MethodsThe benefits in terms of outdate rates of applying PRT to platelets are studied via a mathematical simulation. Specifically, statistical methods are used to determine the daily production rate needed to meet demand while not exceeding a maximum amount set as a result of limitations on donations and while assuring a minimum daily stock.ResultsThe results show that a 2‐day extension in the shelf life of platelet concentrates (PC) results in reductions in outdates ranging from 88·4% to 100% at the production centres analysed. It may be the case for budgetary reasons that only part of the PCs produced can be treated. This being so, we show that if the proportion treated per annum exceeds 25% the best option is to treat part of the output every day, otherwise, it is preferable to concentrate treatment on the last two production days of the week.ConclusionsExtending the shelf life of PC from five to seven days and setting up suitable production logistics can drastically reduce outdates at production centres. If only a part of all PCs is treated, the best choices are to distribute PRT overall production days or, if the percentage of PCs treated is very low, to apply PRT on the days preceding the weekend break.