bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some features of compression therapy for early forms of chronic venous diseases of the lower limbs
Authors: Bogachev V. Yu. , Boldin B. V. , Arkadan N. R. , Lobanov V. N. 
Published: November 2019

The current compression garment selection guide is targeted at the earliest clinical stages of chronic venous disease (CVD) and assumes a priori that application of a higher class of compression improves the calf muscle pump function, which is the major mechanism promoting venous return from the lower limb to the heart.Objective of the study: to evaluate the calf muscle pump function in patients with the early forms of CVD using different classes of compression garments.Material and methods: A total of 30 patients (45 lower limbs) with Class 1 CVD (CEAP classification) were enrolled in the study. The calf muscle pump function was evaluated during wearing compression garments using remote cableless photoplethysmography of Bodytronic measurement system (Bauerfeind, Germany) with automatic data processing. The investigators measured venous refilling time (T0) and pump capacity (V0) in patients without compression garments and also in those wearing classes 0, I and II compression garments (RAL standard, Venotrain micro, Bauerfiend socks). All indicators were measured three times with an interval of 30 minutes. The final values of T0 and V0 were calculated as average.Results and discussion: when the indicators were measured without compression and with zero compression, T0 was 26.7 ± 1.2 sec and 25.4 ± 1.1 sec (p = 0.56); V0 - 8.6 ± 0.7% and 8.0 ± 0.4% (p = 0.47). When the calf muscle pump function indicators were measured using class I compression garments, its performance was improved. Thus, T0 and V0 (p <0.01) increased significantly to 38.9 ± 2.1 sec and 12.9 ± 1.4%, respectively. When the calf muscle pump function indicators were measured using class II compression garments, T0 and V0 were 38.1 ± 1.6 sec and 8.1 ± 0.6%. Thus, the use of class I compression garments significantly improved the calf muscle pump function in patients with early manifestations of CVD. The higher level of compression (class II) did not improve T0 and worsened V0. This fact can be explained by excessive compression of the muscular venous sinuses caused by wearing class 2 compression garments, which, apparently, worsened the propulsive ability of the calf pump.Conclusion: the use of class I compression garments is optimal for the management of hemodynamic disorders in patients with early forms of chronic venous diseases (C1 according to CEAP). The higher class of compression does not improve the hemodynamic parameters of the calf muscle pump.
Risk of Kidney Dysfunction IN Nafld
Authors: Mantovani Alessandro , Zusi Chiara , Dalbeni Andrea , Grani Giorgio , Buzzetti Elena 
Published: November 2019

Background:The timely identification of traditional and non-traditional precursors and risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) (a common systemic disease defined as a decreased kidney function documented by reduced glomerular filtration rate, or markers of kidney damage, or both) is relevant in clinical practice, as CKD increases the risk of end-stage renal disease and other serious comorbidities. A possible relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (which is to date the most common chronic disease worldwide) and CKD has recently gained significant attention of researchers.Methods :A systematic literature search using appropriate keywords was made in order to identify relevant articles that have investigated the association between NAFLD and CKD.Results:Several observational studies and meta-analyses have reported the existence of an independent association between NAFLD and risk of CKD in patients with and without diabetes. However, whilst the association between NAFLD and risk of prevalent CKD is strong across various patient populations, whether NAFLD is independently associated with the development and progression of CKD is still debatable. Moreover, emerging evidence now suggests a potential association between patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein-3 (PNPLA3) rs738409 genotype (the most important genetic variant associated to NAFLD) and decreasing kidney function, independent of NAFLD.Conclusions :Convincing evidence now indicates that CKD is increased among patients with NAFLD. For this reason, patients with NAFLD should be regularly monitored for renal function and, on the other hand , NAFLD should be considered in all patients with CKD, especially if they are obese or have type 2 diabetes.
Interleukin-6 and Malondialdehyde in Women with Preterm Birth
Authors: Verma Vinita , Oza Hina , Thaker Riddhi , Kumar Sunil 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Preterm Birth (PTB) is one of the main causes of neonatal death and infant
mortality and morbidity. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a major proinflammatory
mediator of the host response to infection and malondialdehyde (MDA) is a marker of
oxidative stress.

Objective :
To evaluate potential associations between IL-6 and MDA levels in women with preterm
birth.

Method:
A total of 150 women (66 with full-term and 84 with PTB) were enrolled in this case-control
study. Predesigned performas were filled through questionnaire interviews to collect data on personal,
demographic, occupational, lifestyle and reproductive history. Blood samples were collected within 36
hours of delivery. Serum concentrations of IL-6 and MDA were determined in mothers with full-term
and preterm birth.

Results:
The mean age was marginally higher; whereas BMI was slightly lower in cases (PTB) as
compared to controls (full-term) subjects. Serum IL-6 and MDA levels were significantly higher in
subjects with PTB than full-term birth. The data were further analyzed with respect to underweight,
normal and overweight/obese BMI. In all the BMI categories, the levels of IL-6 and MDA were higher
in PTB cases. Among the PTB categories, the levels of IL-6 and MDA were highest in moderate to late
preterm birth. A significant positive correlation was found between IL-6 and MDA levels. There was a
weak negative correlation between either IL-6 or MDA and the number of gestational weeks.

Conclusion :
Elevated maternal serum levels of Interleukin-6 and Malondialdehyde in preterm as
compared to full-term birth might suggest that inflammation and oxidative stress play a critical role in
PTB.
Convolutional Neural Network-based MR Image Analysis for Alzheimer’s Disease Classification
Authors: Choi Boo-Kyeong , Madusanka Nuwan , Choi Heung-Kook , So Jae-Hong , Kim Cho-Hee , Park Hyeon-Gyun , Bhattacharjee Subrata , Prakash Deekshitha 
Published: November 2019

Background:
In this study, we used a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and normal control (NC) subjects
based on images of the hippocampus region extracted from magnetic resonance (MR) images of
the brain.

Materials and Methods:
The datasets used in this study were obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging
Initiative (ADNI). To segment the hippocampal region automatically, the patient brain MR
images were matched to the International Consortium for Brain Mapping template (ICBM) using
3D-Slicer software. Using prior knowledge and anatomical annotation label information,
the hippocampal region was automatically extracted from the brain MR images.

Results:
The area of the hippocampus in each image was preprocessed using local entropy minimization
with a bi-cubic spline model (LEMS) by an inhomogeneity intensity correction method.
To train the CNN model, we separated the dataset into three groups, namely AD/NC, AD/MCI,
and MCI/NC. The prediction model achieved an accuracy of 92.3% for AD/NC, 85.6% for
AD/MCI, and 78.1% for MCI/NC.

Conclusion:
The results of this study were compared to those of previous studies, and summarized
and analyzed to facilitate more flexible analyses based on additional experiments. The classification
accuracy obtained by the proposed method is highly accurate. These findings suggest
that this approach is efficient and may be a promising strategy to obtain good AD, MCI and
NC classification performance using small patch images of hippocampus instead of whole slide
images.
Factors Affecting Defects Occurrence in Structural Design Stage of Residential Buildings in Gaza Strip
Authors: Tayeh Bassam A. , Hamad Rami J.A. , Alaloul Wesam Salah , Almanassra Mansour 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Residential buildings are an essential and significant satisfaction pillar for the human’s life to ensure a safe and durable residence. In addition, due to the rapid development and population growth in the Gaza Strip, many residential buildings and housing projects are being implemented in a short period of time especially after Gaza conflict during the year 2014. Therefore, various errors and defects are anticipated to rise during the design stage.

Objectives:
The aim of this paper is to identify and rank the factors affecting the occurrence of the defects in the structural design stage of residential buildings in the Gaza Strip.

Methods:
A survey was conducted for 134 respondents randomly selected as engineers, working for engineering consultant offices as designers, supervisors and projects managers in Gaza Strip.

Results:
The study reveals that the three most effective groups of factors are; the consultant administration and staff group, the drawings preparation group and the structural design group respectively. The most important factors were; ignoring soil investigation or poor soil investigation, poor or lack of engineering supervision or unqualified supervision and conflicts between architectural and structural drawings. These are the most common issues overlooked by the engineers and the contractors in the Gaza Strip.

Conclusion:
The study recommends to apply a strict quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) program during design phases, providing simple and readable drawings with sufficient details for contractors, raising the awareness of owners towards conducting soil inspections prior to the design process and paying more attention to the informal buildings sector from the related authorities.
Antibiotics in Dentistry: A Narrative Review of Literature and Guidelines Considering Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Guerrini Luca , Monaco Annalisa , Pietropaoli Davide , Ortu Eleonora , Giannoni Mario , Marci Maria Chiara 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Antibiotic resistance is an important issue for public health.

Objective:
The aim of this work is to investigate the clinical situations which require the administration of antibiotics in dentistry.

Methods:
The authors want to do a review of the literature and a comparison of guidelines in dentistry among different countries. The research method was based on the use of Pubmed and the research of indexed articles and documents published by authorities and boards about the antibiotic prescription in dentistry. The paper is an analysis deep inside the physiological and pathological situations that, according to different guidelines, require the use of antimicrobics. The spirit is a clinical one because this paper wants to be a guide for dentists, especially before the administration, in order to moderate the use of antimicrobials. We must remember that the World Health Organisation organizes each year the World Antibiotic Awareness Week, in order to fight against the improper administration of antibiotics in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and industrial livestock.

Results:
Different guidelines converge on a very calibrate and proper administration of antibiotics. Antibiotics should be used only in recommended situations for risk patients. The authorities and boards should investigate the habits of antibiotic administration, which according to some papers seem to be large and diffused use, not only limited to situations described in guidelines.

Conclusion:

Dentists, together with the General Practitioners and Paediatricians, should be cautious and accurate and should administrate antibiotics only if recommended by guidelines and effective and safe.
Proximal Humerus Fractures in Children: Experience from a Central London Paediatric Orthopaedic Service
Authors: Chae Woojin , Khan Akib , Abbott Sarah , Assiotis Angelos 
Published: November 2019

Objective:
Proximal humeral fractures are commonly observed in children who sustain falls whilst running, or from heights. Appropriate and correct treatment is key in order to avoid limb length discrepancy and functional deficiencies. Current treatment methods include non-operative management such as collar and cuff immobilisation, and operative methods such as elastic stable intramedullary nails or Kirschner wires. This paper aims to present the demographics of this patient population and our experience in managing patients with proximal humerus fractures in an urban tertiary referral centre.

Method:
We assessed 41 cases across two sites in central London, identified via hospital electronic notes and our radiology digital system. We analysed patient demographics, mechanism of injury, time to discharge from orthopaedic services taking into account radiological and clinical union, and the treatment methods utilised.

Results:
The mean age of the cohort was 8.6 years old. 70% of the injuries were due to falls and 85% of cases were treated without an operation. The mean time to discharge from our service following radiological and clinical union was 46 days (9 – 161 days). Mean radiological and clinical union were 21.8 and 36.2 days respectively.

Conclusion:
These results support a non-operative approach, especially in cases with patients under 10 years of age. Surgery should only be undertaken in patients who have severe displacement and who have failed attempts at closed reduction. We would advocate a similar approach in institutions dealing with a comparable population of patients, as long as there are provisions for referral of more complex cases that require surgical stabilisation.
Long-Term Outcomes after Colton Type I and II Fractures of the Olecranon
Authors: Schewelov Thord von , Hertervig Fredrik , Josefsson Per-Olof , Besjakov Jack , Hasserius Ralph 
Published: November 2019

Background:
It is unclear if the outcomes differ in different subtypes of olecranon fractures.

Objective:
Evaluate the outcomes of different Colton types of olecranon fractures, and if outcomes differ in dominant and non-dominant arms and in men and women.

Methods:
We evaluated primary journals and radiographs in 40 men and 55 women with isolated olecranon fractures and classified fractures according to Colton. Mean 19 years after fracture event, we re-examined subjective, clinical and radiographic outcomes in the former patients, using the uninjured arms as controls.

Results:
89% of patients with Colton type I fractures reported at follow-up no subjective differences between the elbows, 84% with type II oblique/transverse fractures and 84% with type II comminuted fractures (p=0.91). The uninjured to former fractured arm differences in elbow range of motion and strength were no different in the 3 fracture types, the proportions of individuals with radiographic elbow degenerative changes were greater in type II than in type I factures (p<0.001), and there were no differences between the proportions of individuals with reduced joint space in the 3 groups (p=0.40). The outcomes were no different if the fractures had occurred in the dominant or non-dominant arms (p=0.43), or in men or women (p=0.43).

Conclusion:
There were no different outcomes after Colton type I, type II oblique/transverse or type II comminuted fractures, no different outcomes between fractures in dominant or non-dominant arms and no different outcomes in men and women.
Are Parents Willing to Use Technology to Prevent the Tragedy of Forgetting Children Inside Cars?
Authors: Albert Gila , Kerbis Rivka 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Forgetting children inside cars is a tragedy that can happen to anyone, anywhere. Especially on hot summer days, when the temperature inside the car rises quickly, it may lead to a tragic result: vehicular heatstroke. In the U.S, on average, 37 children die this way every year.

Objective:
This paper aims to provide further insights and a deeper understanding of the variables that may affect parents’ willingness to adopt a technology (various systems or smartphone apps) to remind them not to forget a child inside a vehicle.

Methods:
Ninety-two participants, all parents of children under the age of 10 and car owners, participated in an internet survey. The participants completed an internet-based questionnaire, which included socio-economic and personality questions, as well as items pertaining to perceptions, attitudes and behavioral intentions toward using this type of technology. The framework was designed based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).

Results:
The results indicate that the perceived usefulness of such technology is significantly and positively correlated with usage attitudes. Women showed a significantly more positive usage attitude and stronger behavioral intentions compared to men. It was also found that a higher level of stated anxiety implies a more positive usage attitude, and stronger behavioral intentions to use this type of technology.

Conclusion:
More effort should be made to understand how such tragedies can be avoided and what the role of technology is in this regard. The most important challenge is to encourage those parents, who are less reluctant, to try out this technology, in an attempt to prevent the tragedy of forgetting children inside cars.
Kinematic, Coordinative and Efficiency Parameters of Physically Impaired Swimmers at Maximum Aerobic Power Speed
Authors: Feitosa Wellington G. , Correia Ricardo de A. , Barbosa Tiago M. , de Souza Castro Flávio Antônio 
Published: November 2019

Background:In paralympic swimming, the biomechanical parameters related to performance are effectively determined according to the potentialities and peculiarities of each athlete. However, a clear integrated approach to these parameters for swimmers with physical disabilities at the speed of maximum oxygen uptake (vV̇O2max) is still practically non-existent.Objective:The purpose of this study was twofold: (i) to assess kinematic, coordinative and efficiency parameters measured at vV̇O2maxin swimmers with physical impairments; and (ii) to correlate these biomechanical parameters with the time for a 200 m maximum test.Methods:Eleven swimmers with physical disabilities (seven males and four females) were assessed at vV̇O2maxwith support from a three-dimensional kinematic method. The performance parameters analysed were: (i) kinematic - stroke rate (SR), stroke length (SL), average swimming speed (SS) and intra-cyclic velocity variation (IVV); (ii) coordinative - index of coordination (IdC) and adapted index of coordination (IdCadapt); and (iii) swimming efficiency - propelling efficiency (çp).Results:The overall results showed high dispersion and wide confidence intervals for the kinematic and coordinative variables. The mean and standard deviation of vV̇O2maxand V̇O2at the same intensity were 0.90 ± 0.13 m/s and 38.2 ± 8.3 ml/kg/min, respectively.Conclusion:Swimmers with less significant impact of physical disability on specific swimming tasks presented higher SL, SS and çp. The IVV was higher in swimmers with a greater impact of disability on conducting specific competitive swimming tasks. In general, the catch-up inter-arm coordination model is adopted.
Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS) and Its Association with Hypertension in Jatinangor West Java
Authors: Tiksnadi Badai B. , Taufiqurrohman Arief , Permana Agung D. , Fihaya Faris Y. , Sofiatin Yulia , Wahyudi Kurnia , Akbar M. Rizki , Roesli Rully M.A. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Hypertension is a global health problem, with the prevalence increasing by 30% from 2013 to 2018 in Indonesia. Furthermore, obesity, a major risk factor for hypertension, has also escalated by 50%. Hence, the incidence of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS), which is strongly associated with hypertension and obesity, is expected to increase. OSAS is part of the complex sleep disorder breathing syndrome, but there is a lack of data regarding its prevalence and association with hypertension.

Objective:
To investigate the prevalence of OSAS and its association with hypertension in Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2018 of subjects from two villages in Indonesia selected by purposive sampling. Fifteen neighbourhoods were chosen by the cluster random sampling method, with a total of 1,308 respondents included in this study. Inclusion criteria were age > 17 years old and resident in the village for more than one year. OSAS was determined by a 4-variable screening tool questionnaire (4-V) and hypertension was measured by a standardised method (average of three measurements in each session with a one-minute break using a digital device); both measurements were performed by trained health cadres. All results were statistically analysed using chi-square and logistic regression.

Results:
Of the total of 1308 respondents included in this study, 33 (2.5%) had OSAS and 299 respondents (22.8%) had hypertension. In the population with OSAS, 18 respondents (54.5%) had hypertension, significantly higher (p<0.001) compared to the non-OSAS group (22%). After adjustment for age, gender, and Body Mass Index (BMI), OSAS was still an independent predictor of hypertension (OR = 4.3, p = 0.000).

Conclusion:
The prevalence of OSAS in the Jatinangor district of Indonesia is 2.5% and it is significantly associated with hypertension.
Technological Advancement in PMSG Based Wind Energy Conversion Systems: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Srivastava Puneet Kumar , Tiwari A. N. , Singh S. N. 
Published: November 2019

Background:
Since its beginning in 1980, wind energy generation has gained newer heights and emerged as the most promising renewable energy technology at present. Wind turbine rating has increased from few kW to MW and now multi-MW turbines are also available and in operation too. Introduction: Impact of wind turbines on the grid has significantly increased with increased penetration of wind power into the grid. In order to improve the performance characteristics of the wind turbines, and make them suitable for grid integration, more advanced generators, control schemes, and power converters are required. Latest wind energy market trends and research articles reflect the popularity and market capture of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) for wind turbine applications.

Method:
The present work is dedicated to important electrical aspects concerning PMSG based wind energy conversion system. Starting with the technological development of wind turbine, state-of-the-art PMS based wind turbine concepts with power electronic converter topologies are discussed.

Result:
A comprehensive analysis of converter topology, grid integration, integration issues, and future research and technology trends are presented.In addition steady state performance analysis of PMSG based wind turbine is presented depicting issues with different control schemes.

Conclusion:
The study presented in this paper envisages help to the researcher in this area by providing them clear insight of various power electronic interfaces, their control complexities and various issues of concern. In addition we are assure that steady state analysis presented in this paper will attract the newcomers in this field of research.