bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health outcomes associated with Zika virus infection in humans: a systematic review of systematic reviews
Authors: Ximenes Raphael , Ramsay Lauren C , Miranda Rafael Neves , Morris Shaun K , Murphy Kellie , Sander Beate 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveWith the emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) disease in Central and South America in the mid-2010s and recognition of the teratogenic effects of congenital exposure to ZIKV, there has been a substantial increase in new research published on ZIKV. Our objective is to synthesise the literature on health outcomes associated with ZIKV infection in humans.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review (SR) of SRs following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane and LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) databases from inception to 22 July 2019, and included SRs that reported ZIKV-associated health outcomes. Three independent reviewers selected eligible studies, extracted data and assessed the quality of included SRs using the AMSTAR 2 (A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2) tool. Conflicts were resolved by consensus or consultation with a third reviewer.ResultsThe search yielded 1382 unique articles, of which 21 SRs met our inclusion criteria. The 21 SRs ranged from descriptive to quantitative data synthesis, including four meta-analyses. The most commonly reported ZIKV-associated manifestations and health outcomes were microcephaly, congenital abnormalities, brain abnormalities, neonatal death and Guillain-Barré syndrome. The included reviews were highly heterogeneous. The overall quality of the SRs was critically low with all studies having more than one critical weakness.ConclusionThe evolving nature of the literature on ZIKV-associated health outcomes, together with the critically low quality of existing SRs, demonstrates the need for high-quality SRs to guide patient care and inform policy decision making.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018091087.
Improving end-of-rotation transitions of care among ICU patients
Authors: Denson Joshua Lee , Knoeckel Julie , Kjerengtroen Sara , Johnson Rachel , McNair Bryan , Thornton Olivia , Douglas Ivor S , Wechsler Michael E , Burke Robert E 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundHospitalised patients whose inpatient teams rotate off service experience increased mortality related to end-of-rotation care transitions, yet standardised handoff practices are lacking.ObjectiveDevelop and implement a multidisciplinary patient-centred handoff intervention to improve outcomes for patients who are critically ill during end-of-rotation transitions.Design, setting and participantsSingle-centre, controlled pilot study of medical intensive care unit (ICU) patients whose resident team was undergoing end-of-rotation transition at a university hospital from June 2017 to February 2018.InterventionA 4-item intervention was implemented over two study periods. Intervention 1 included: (1) in-person bedside handoff between teams rotating off and on service, (2) handoff checklist, (3) nursing involvement in handoff, and (4) 30 min education session. Intervention 2 included the additional option to conduct bedside handoff via videoconferencing.Main outcome measuresImplementation was measured by repeated clinician surveys and direct observation. Patient outcomes included length of stay (LOS; ICU and hospital) and mortality (ICU, hospital and 30 days). Clinician perceptions were modelled over time using per cent positive responses in logistic regression. Patient outcomes were compared with matched control ‘transition’ patients from 1 year prior to implementation of the intervention.ResultsAmong 270 transition patients, 46.3% were female with a mean age of 55.9 years. Mechanical ventilation (64.1%) and in-hospital death (27.6%) rates were prevalent. Despite high implementation rates—handoff participation (93.8%), checklist utilisation (75.0%), videoconferencing (62.5%), nursing involvement (75.0%)—the intervention did not significantly improve LOS or mortality. Multidisciplinary survey data revealed significant improvement in acceptability by nursing staff, while satisfaction significantly declined for resident physicians.ConclusionsIn this controlled pilot study, a structured ICU end-of-rotation care transition strategy was feasible to implement with high fidelity. While mortality and LOS were not affected in a pilot study with limited power, the pragmatic strategy of this intervention holds promise for future trials.
The Finnish Canine Stifle Index: responsiveness to change and intertester reliability
Authors: Hyytiäinen Heli K , Morelius Mikael , Lappalainen Anu K , Bostrom Anna F , Lind Kirsti A , Junnila Jouni J T , Hielm‐Björkman Anna , Laitinen‐Vapaavuori Outi 
Published: November 2019

BackgroundThe responsiveness and the intertester reliability of the Finnish Canine Stifle Index (FCSI) were tested, and a cut‐off between compromised and severely compromised performance level was set.MethodsThree groups of dogs were used, 29 with any stifle dysfunction (STIF), 17 with other musculoskeletal disease except stifle (OTHER) and 11 controls (CTRL). All dogs were tested with the FCSI by the same physiotherapist at three occasions, at baseline, at six weeks and 10 weeks, and once also by another physiotherapist.ResultsDogs in the STIF group demonstrated significantly higher (P<0.001) FCSI scores than in OTHER or CTRL groups at baseline. Only the STIF group showed a significant (P<0.001) change in FCSI score at all time points, indicating responsiveness to change. There were no significant differences between the evaluators (P=0.736), showing good intertester reliability, supported by moderate to good (0.78) intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The evaluator performing the FCSI did not have a significant effect when comparing the groups of dogs (P=0.214). The 95 per cent confidence intervals of the ICC per group were 0.79 (0.60, 0.91) for STIF, 0.83 (0.53, 0.96) for OTHER 0.78 (0.64, 0.88) for all dogs. A cut‐off differentiating a severely compromised from a compromised performance was set at 120, having sensitivity of 83 per cent and specificity of 89 per cent.ConclusionThe FCSI is a recommendable measure of dogs’ stifle functionality.
Distributed Graph Clustering and Sparsification
Authors: Sun He , Zanetti Luca 
Published: November 2019

Graph clustering is a fundamental computational problem with a number of applications in algorithm design, machine learning, data mining, and analysis of social networks. Over the past decades, researchers have proposed a number of algorithmic design methods for graph clustering. Most of these methods, however, are based on complicated spectral techniques or convex optimisation and cannot be directly applied for clustering many networks that occur in practice, whose information is often collected on different sites. Designing a simple and distributed clustering algorithm is of great interest and has comprehensive applications for processing big datasets.
In this article, we present a simple and distributed algorithm for graph clustering: For a wide class of graphs that are characterised by a strong cluster-structure, our algorithm finishes in a poly-logarithmic number of rounds and recovers a partition of the graph close to optimal. One of the main procedures behind our algorithm is a sampling scheme that, given a dense graph as input, produces a sparse subgraph that provably preserves the cluster-structure of the input. Compared with previous sparsification algorithms that require Laplacian solvers or involve combinatorial constructions, this procedure is easy to implement in a distributed setting and runs fast in practice.
Near Optimal Parallel Algorithms for Dynamic DFS in Undirected Graphs
Authors: Khan Shahbaz 
Published: November 2019

Depth first search (DFS) tree is a fundamental data structure for solving various graph problems. The classical algorithm [54] for building a DFS tree requires
O
(
m
+
n
) time for a given undirected graph
G
having
n
vertices and
m
edges. Recently, Baswana et al. [5] presented a simple algorithm for updating the DFS tree of an undirected graph after an edge/vertex update in Õ(
n
)
1
time. However, their algorithm is strictly sequential. We present an algorithm achieving similar bounds that can be easily adopted to the parallel environment.

In the parallel environment, a DFS tree can be computed from scratch in expected Õ(1) time [2] on an EREW PRAM, whereas the best deterministic algorithm takes Õ(√
n
) time [2, 27] on a CRCW PRAM. Our algorithm can be used to develop optimal time (to
poly
log
n
factors) deterministic parallel algorithms for maintaining fully dynamic DFS and fault tolerant DFS of an undirected graph.

(1)
Parallel Fully Dynamic DFS
: Given an arbitrary online sequence of vertex or edge updates, we can maintain a DFS tree of an undirected graph in Õ(1) time per update using
m
processors on an EREW PRAM.

(2)
Parallel Fault tolerant DFS
: An undirected graph can be preprocessed to build a data structure of size
O
(
m
), such that for any set of
k
updates (where
k
is constant) in the graph, a DFS tree of the updated graph can be computed in Õ(1) time using
n
processors on an EREW PRAM. For constant
k
, this is also work optimal (to
poly
log
n
factors).

Moreover, our fully dynamic DFS algorithm provides, in a seamless manner, nearly optimal (to
poly
log
n
factors) algorithms for maintaining a DFS tree in the semi-streaming environment and a restricted distributed model. These are the first parallel, semi-streaming, and distributed algorithms for maintaining a DFS tree in the dynamic setting.
Urinary Cotinine Is as Good a Biomarker as Serum Cotinine for Cigarette Smoking Exposure and Lung Cancer Risk Prediction
Authors: Thomas Claire E. , Wang Renwei , Adams-Haduch Jennifer , Murphy Sharon E. , Ueland Per Magne , Midttun Øivind , Brennan Paul , Johansson Mattias , Gao Yu-Tang , Yuan Jian-Min 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background:
Cotinine is a metabolite of nicotine. Serum and urinary cotinine are validated biomarkers for cigarette exposure. Their performance for lung cancer risk prediction has not been simultaneously examined in epidemiologic studies.

Methods:
A nested case–control study, including 452 incident lung cancer cases and 452 smoking-matched controls in the Shanghai cohort study, was conducted. Mass spectrometry–based methods were used to quantify cotinine in serum and urine samples collected from current smokers at baseline, on average 10 years before cancer diagnosis of cases. Logistic regression was used to estimate ORs, 95% confidence intervals (CI), and AUC ROC for lung cancer associated with higher levels of cotinine.

Results:
Serum and urinary cotinine levels were significantly higher in lung cancer cases than controls. Compared with the lowest quartile serum cotinine (≤0.40 nmol/mL), the OR of lung cancer for smokers in the highest quartiles (&gt;1.39 nmol/mL) was 5.46 (95% CI, 3.38–8.81). Similarly, the OR was 5.49 (95% CI, 3.39–8.87) for highest (&gt;16.38 nmol/mg creatinine) relative to the lowest quartile of urinary total cotinine (≤4.11 nmol/mg creatinine). A risk prediction model yielded an AUC of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.69–0.75) for serum cotinine and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.69–0.75) for urinary total cotinine combined with smoking history.

Conclusions:
Urinary and serum cotinine have the same performance in prediction of lung cancer risk for current smokers.

Impact:
Urinary cotinine is a noninvasive biomarker that can replace serum cotinine in risk prediction of future lung cancer risk for current smokers.
Metformin Use and Pancreatic Cancer Survival among Non-Hispanic White and African American U.S. Veterans with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Toriola Adetunji T. , Luo Suhong , Thomas Theodore S. , Drake Bettina F. , Chang Su-Hsin , Sanfilippo Kristen M. , Carson Kenneth R. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background:
The effect of metformin use on survival among patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is controversial. Furthermore, there are no data on African American patients. To address these, we analyzed data from the United States Veterans Health Administration (VHA).

Methods:
A population-based retrospective cohort study evaluating overall survival among 3,811 patients with PDAC with preexisting diabetes mellitus, diagnosed with PDAC within the VHA between 1998 and 2013. We calculated HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using multivariable adjusted time-varying Cox proportional hazards regression to control for immortal time bias and confounders.

Results:
Metformin use was not associated with overall survival in the complete analyses (HR = 1.05; 95% CI, 0.92–1.14; P = 0.28). However, among patients who were metformin naïve at the time of PDAC diagnosis (N = 1,158), metformin use was associated with improved overall survival in non-Hispanic white patients (HR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.61–0.99; P = 0.04), but not African American patients (HR = 1.20; 95% CI, 0.75–1.93; P = 0.45). The survival benefit among non-Hispanic whites was limited to patients with metastatic disease (HR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.44–1.01; P = 0.06). Among African American patients with metastatic disease, HR was 1.30 (95% CI, 0.77–2.53; P = 0.28). There was a suggestion of heterogeneity by race in patients with metastatic disease (Pheterogeneity = 0.05).

Conclusions:
We observed no associations between metformin use and survival in patients with PDAC, but there appears to be a survival benefit among non-Hispanic white patients who were metformin naïve at the time of PDAC diagnosis.

Impact:
If confirmed in other studies, our findings suggest that metformin as an adjunctive treatment for PDAC may not improve survival among African American patients.
USP22 Interacts with PALB2 and Promotes Chemotherapy Resistance via Homologous Recombination of DNA Double-Strand Breaks
Authors: Nardi Isaac K. , Stark Jeremy M. , Larsen Adrien , Salgia Ravi , Raz Dan J. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Homologous recombination (HR) is a highly conserved pathway that can facilitate the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Several Deubiquitinases (DUB) have been implicated as key players in DNA damage repair (DDR) through HR. Here, we report USP22, a DUB that is highly overexpressed in multiple cancer types, is necessary for HR through a direct interaction with PALB2 through its C-terminal WD40 domain. This interaction stimulates USP22 catalytic activity in vitro. Furthermore, we show USP22 is necessary for BRCA2, PALB2, and Rad51 recruitment to DSBs and this is, in part, through USP22 stabilizing BRCA2 and PALB2 levels. Taken together, our results describe a role for USP22 in DNA repair.

Implications:
This research provides new and exciting mechanistic insights into how USP22 overexpression promotes chemoresistance in lung cancer. We believe this study, and others, will help aid in developing targeted drugs toward USP22 and known binding partners for lung cancer treatment.
Urinoir Model as A Liquid Organic Fertilizer Producer of Nitrogen, Phospate and Potassium
Authors: Ganefati Sri Puji , Sutomo Adi Heru , Iswanto Iswanto 
Published: November 2019

<p>Environment plays role as transmission media for various kinds of environmental based diseases such as Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI), Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Diarrhoea, Poliomyelitis, Measles, Hepatitis, Thypus and Herpes. This kind of disease stills a health problem for Indonesia. The mortality survey conducted in ten provinces by Sub-Directorate of ARI of the MoH of Indonesia in 2005 found that Pneumoniae as a type of ARI diseases was the greatest cause of death among infants (22.3 %) and under-five children (23.6 %), and based on Surkesnas report in 2010, the number of Thypus cases in Indonesia increased by 20.73 %. Meanwhile, among those diseases, Thypus, Hepatitis and Herpes can be transmitted by human urine, as well. On the other hand, urine can be processed becoming organic fertilizer because it consists of essential substances for plants growth, i.e. 80 % Nitrogen and Phospate and Potassium in the rest 20 %. 75 – 90 % of the Nitrogen is in form of Urea and only the small percentage of Ammonium and Creatinine. Meanwhile, 90 – 100 % of Phosphate and Sulphur are in dissolved inorganic form and can be directly absorbed by plants. The use of liquid organic fertilizer is able for improving soil fertility which is depraved due to the continuing use of chemical fertilizer. The aim of the research was to understand the influence of the use of urinoir model in various urine detention times, on the concentration of the yielded Nitrogen, Phospate and Potassium (K) by conducting an experiment which employed post-test design. The results showed that the various urinoir models (I, II dan III) had effect on the concentration of those three substances of the liquid fertilizer (p &lt; 0,001), and Model I (i.e. 5 day detention time) is found as the most appropriate urinoir model in producing the N, P an K subtances in the fertilizer.</p>
Measuring Efficiency of Hospitals by DEA: An Empirical Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Rasool Syed Aziz , Saboor Abdul , Raashid Muhammad 
Published: November 2019

<p><strong><span style="text-decoration: underline;">ABSTRACT</span></strong></p> <p>There has been increasing focus on efficiency measurement in health sector around the world. This empirical study aims at measuring efficiency level of non-profit private organization by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in the health sector of Pakistan. DEA is non-parametric linear programming based approach for homogeneous decision making units. Layton Rehmatullah Benevolent Trust (non-profit private organization) will be subject matter for investigational analysis constituting over 16 sub-units spreading across the country. Secondary data of number of patient beds, specialists and nurses in all the 16 branches of LRBT hospitals will be used applying quantitative specification tool, both scale and technical efficiency levels in an environment where multiple of inputs and outputs are in place, will be used for final evaluation. The outcomes so expected will help policy makers to formulate effective plans and programs in order to enhance the efficiency of health measures conducted by non- profit private organizations.</p><p> </p>
Reliability and Validaty of St George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) into Indonesian Version
Authors: Adnan Adnan , Perwitasari Dyah Aryani , Mulyani Ully Adhie 
Published: November 2019

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the disease as the highest contributor to the disease burden in Indonesia. Tuberculosis can affect the patients’ quality of life, such as psychological, physical, and social functioning. St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) is a special instrument which was widely used to measure the patients’ quality of life with respiratory disease. The objective of this study was to validate the Indonesian version of the SGRQ as instrument to collect data. A descriptive cross section design with 61 subjects was conducted at the Pulmonary Clinics and Primary Health Centers in the region of Yogyakarta within 3 months. The validation process included the known group validity, convergent and discriminant validity and factor analysis. There were 14 items question numbers which did not meet the criteria for convergent validity and 9 items which did not meet the criteria for discriminant validity. Known group validity analysis on gender showed that of the three domains of SGRQ, the activity domain gave statistically significant result. The factor analysis showed the result of Kaiser Meyer Olkin analysis (KMO) was less than 0.5. With a few modifications, the Indonesian version of SGRQ is valid and reliable for measuring quality of life in tuberculosis patients.
Incidence of Opportunistic Infections among Adult HIV Positive People Receiving Co-trimoxazole Prophylaxis
Authors: G Yihun Tariku , Yaya Yaliso , Jerene Degu , Tamiso Alemu 
Published: November 2019

In Ethiopia, Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis therapy (CPT) used to prevent opportunistic infections among people living with HIV is the standard of practice; however incidence of opportunistic infection and their predictors are rarely documented in the country. This was a retrospective follow up study to describe the incidence and predictors of opportunistic infections among 244 adults receiving CPT. Participants were followed for a median time of 72 weeks. During a study period a total of 53opportunistic infections were recorded; making the overall incidence rate 23.9/100 person-years. High incidence of opportunistic infections is likely to occur if: the clients were married (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 1.965;(95% CI: 1.109, 3.451), had history of tuberculosis treatment (AHR: 2.34(95% CI:1.05, 5.24)), patients who are indicated for CPT because of both clinical and WHO clinical staging criteria(AHR 2.418 (95% CI:1.02, 5.72 ),and had poor adherence to CPT (AHR, 2.11 (95% CI: 1.19-3.72)). Eventhough adherence is non-substitutable strategy to prevent opportunistic infection, the cohort of HIV patients failed to adhere to CPT, which in turn resulthigh incidence of opportunistic infections among them, therefore improving adherence as guideline should be a priority to prevent OIs among people living with HIV in the study region.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Concentration in Brain of Rat Treated with Anaerobic Exercises
Authors: Flora Rostika , Zulkarnain Muhammad , Ardi Yuliana , Sorena Esti , Wati Roslina , Wena Syokuma , Juliansyah Rahmad Aswin , Slamet Samwilson 
Published: November 2019

Anaerobic exercise is a high-intensity exercise that needs quick energy supplies obtained in a very short time. However, this exercise may result in tissue hypoxia which is characterized by the increase of HIF-1α concentration. The presence of HIF-1α will induce the secretion of VEGF and, eventually, trigger angiogenesis. Nevertheless, it is still unclear whether anaerobic exercise will also cause hypoxia in which this condition will increase the concentration of VEGF in brain tissues. The aim of this study was to find out the effect of anaerobic exercise frequency towards VEGF concentration of Wistar rat brain tissues. Brain tissues were taken from rats treated with anaerobic exercise using treadmill. This exercise was given in different frequencies; one time, three times, and seven times a week. The data collected were analyzed using independent t-test. The results of this study showed that anaerobic exercise done once a week could significantly increase VEGF concentration (p &lt; 0.05) if compared with the one in control group (95.21 ± 31.99 v.s. 63.36 ± 11.01 pg/mL). Meanwhile, VEGF concentration of treatment groups given exercise three times a week (47.97 ± 10.68 pg/mL) and seven times a week (40.56 ± 13.98 pg/mL) showed a significant decrease if compared with that of control group (63.36 ± 11.01 pg/mL). Anaerobic exercise affected VEGF concentration as an indicator of angiogenesis in brain tissue of wistar rats.
Knowledge and Behaviour about Adolescent Reproductive Health in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Solikhah Solikhah , Nurdjannah Sitti 
Published: November 2019

<p>Lack of knowledge about reproductive health in adolescent, making teens easily influenced by misinformation and harmful to their reproductive health. Health education plays an important role in increasing their knowledge and behavior of young people in order to maintain good reproductive health. The purpose of the research was to see the impact of health education on the knowledge and behavior of adolescents in reproductive health. Paired t test analysis results indicate that counseling on reproductive health effect on both knowledge about reproductive health (mean difference: 10.216, 95% CI: 6.622 to 13.809) and attitudes about reproductive health in adolescents (mean difference: 65.417, 95% CI: 11,176 to 61.690). Knowledge of adolescents about reproductive health would be beneficial in preparing the young people in good reproductive health issues so expect teenagers do not conflict with the norms prevailing in the community.</p>