bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory biases hinder Eco‐Evo‐Devo integration: Hints from the microbial world
Authors: Rivera‐Yoshida Natsuko , Hernández‐Terán Alejandra , Escalante Ana E. , Benítez Mariana 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHow specific environmental contexts contribute to the robustness and variation of developmental trajectories and evolutionary transitions is a central point in Ecological Evolutionary Developmental Biology (“Eco‐Evo‐Devo”). However, the articulation of ecological, evolutionary and developmental processes into integrative frameworks has been elusive, partly because standard experimental designs neglect or oversimplify ecologically meaningful contexts. Microbial models are useful to expose and discuss two possible sources of bias associated with conventional gene‐centered experimental designs: the use of laboratory strains and standard laboratory environmental conditions. We illustrate our point by showing how contrasting developmental phenotypes inMyxococcus xanthusdepend on the joint variation of temperature and substrate stiffness. Microorganismal development can provide key information for better understanding the role of environmental conditions in the evolution of developmental variation, and to overcome some of the limitations associated with current experimental approaches.
One‐pot three‐component synthesis of chromeno [2,3‐d] pyrimidine derivatives: Novel, simple, and efficient electrochemical approach
Authors: Malviya Jyoti , Singh Rana Krishna Pal 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn atom economical, selective, and convenient one‐pot protocol for the synthesis of the medicinally privileged novel chromeno [2,3‐d] pyrimidine scaffold, viz, multicomponent reaction of barbituric acid derivatives, 1,3 cyclic diketone, and various aldehydes in the presence of tetra n‐butyl ammonium iodide (TBAI) as an electrolyte in water media under room temperature, is reported. This ecologically sound novel concept offers environmentally benign synthetic route, short reaction times, and easy workup procedure with excellent yield (88% to 90%) and is also beneficial for diversity‐oriented large‐scale processes. The synthesized products were characterized by IR, MS, NMR, and CHN analysis.
TEMPO‐catalyzed decarboxylation reactions for the synthesis of 1,2‐unsubstituted indolizines
Authors: Zhang Yuxuan , Wang Wenhui , Sun Jinwei , Liu Yun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of 1,2‐unsubstituted indolizines was developed via 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO)–catalyzed decarboxylation reaction. A series of target products were successfully prepared with the tolerance of a variety of functional groups. This protocol features advantages such as easily available substrates, broad substituent scope, and eco‐friendly conditions.
Recent rainfall trend over Sri Lanka (1987–2017)
Authors: Nisansala W. D. S. , Abeysingha N. S. , Islam Adlul , Bandara A. M. K. R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRainfall trend analysis provides useful information for effective planning, and management of water resources, and gives an insight into climate change of a region. This study investigates trends in annual and seasonal rainfall over Sri Lanka using an Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) and Mann–Kendall (MK) test with Sen's slope estimator. The MK test showed increasing trends in annual rainfall at 24 stations (65%) with five stations showing significant increasing trend. Annual rainfall at 13 locations (35%) showed decreasing trend, but none were significant (p < .05). ITA results for annual rainfall showed increasing trend at 67% stations while 33% stations showed decreasing trend. MK test results for seasonal rainfall indicated increasing trend at 76, 51, 32, and 86% of stations during First Inter‐Monsoon (FIM), Second Inter‐Monsoon (SIM), South West Monsoon (SWM), and North East Monsoon (NEM) seasons, respectively. Seasonal analysis of rainfall trend using ITA method showed increasing trend in 81, 70, 32, and 65% stations during FIM, SIM, SWM, and NEM, respectively. ITA and MK tests exhibited similar trend results for 80% of the stations. Moreover, Spearman's rho correlation coefficient between ITA and MK test trends showed significant (p < .05) positive correlation. In general, eastern, south eastern, north and north central regions of the country showed increasing rainfall trend over the last 31 years (1987–2017) while western, part of north western and central part of the country indicated a decreasing rainfall trend during the same period.
Comparison of two severe low‐temperature snowstorm and ice freezing events in China: Role of Eurasian mid‐high latitude circulation patterns
Authors: Wang Zunya , Ding Yihui , Zhou Botao , Chen Lijuan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA severe low‐temperature snowstorm and ice freezing event occurred in China in early 2018. This event was similar to that occurred in early 2008 but with a weaker intensity and salient difference in location and extent. The reason for this discrepancy was investigated in this study using station data and atmospheric reanalysis data. The results reveal that two different circulation patterns (i.e., zonal dipole pattern and meridional dipole pattern) over the mid‐high latitudes of Eurasia played an important role. The zonal dipole pattern, which is closely related to the 2018 event, is characterized by positive anomalies over the Ural Mountains and negative anomalies over Lake Baikal in the 500 hPa geopotential height field. This pattern can cause intense low temperatures in northern China through its influence on the anomalous cyclone over Northeast Asia. The meridional dipole pattern, which is highly associated with the 2008 event, is characterized by positive anomalies over Siberia and negative anomalies over Asia in the 500 hPa geopotential height field. This pattern corresponds to a strong East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and can drive cold air to move further southward, causing nearly nationwide chilly weather, particularly in northwestern China and south of the Yangtze River valley. The two patterns, combined with the strengthened western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), have a synergistic role in the occurrence of snowfall. However, these patterns have weak correlations with the number of icy days but provide favourable conditions for ice freezing events.
Exploring Penicillin G as an Intrawound Antibiotic Powder for Prevention of Postoperative Shoulder Infections: Does It Exhibit In Vitro Chondrotoxicity?
Authors: Nadig Nischal S. , Shaw K. Aaron , Parada Stephen A. 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTCutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) is a significant insidious pathogen for postoperative infections in shoulder surgery. Studies have demonstrated that certain topical antibiotic powders used have the potential for chondrotoxicity. Benzylpenicillin, commonly referred to as Penicillin G (Pen G) has the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for C. acnes. There is no research regarding the topical application of Pen G during shoulder surgery, nor has its chondrocyte toxicity been previously investigated. This study sought to characterize the in vitro chondrocyte toxicity of Pen G. Culture‐derived bovine chondrocytes were exposed to serial Pen G concentrations and compared with a positive and negative control. A negative control of growth medium and positive control of 1% Triton solution. The chondrocyte viability was assessed via spectrophotometer absorbance. The treatment groups were analyzed using one‐way repeated measures analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation analysis. The chondrocyte viability was significantly higher for all Pen G concentrations as compared with the positive control (p < 0.001). All concentrations of Pen G exhibited continued chondrocyte metabolic activity over time. Analysis of variance, independent of time, demonstrated no significant decrease in chondrocyte viability for Pen G concentrations ≤6.25 mg/ml, as compared with the negative control (p > 0.05). Pen G demonstrated a significant negative correlation with its concentration and absorbance (r = 0.371, p < 0.001), however, concentrations ≤6.25 mg/ml did not demonstrate a significant decrease in chondrocyte viability (p = 0.063). Pen G in concentrations appropriate for C. acnes is not significantly chondrotoxic and may be safe for intrawound application. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:726‐730, 2020
The cross‐modal interaction between sound frequency and color saturation on consumer's product size perception, preference, and purchase
Authors: Wang Lei , Qian Da , Li Ou 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExtant literature has documented the direct effects of both sound frequency and color saturation on the perceived size of products. However, the cross‐modal interaction effect of the two on size perception is yet unknown. Through three studies, this paper proposes that the effect of sound frequency on the perceived size of product is moderated by that product's own color saturation, and this further had downstream effects on consumers’ product preference and purchase when they possess predetermined product usage goals toward bigger/smaller sizes. Study 1 found behavioral evidence that only when the color of the product is in high saturation can the sound frequency significantly influence the perceived size of the product, with low (vs. high) frequency leading to larger (vs. smaller) perceived size. When the product's color is in low saturation, the effect of sound frequency on perceived size disappears. Study 2 adopted the event‐related potential technique and found that high (vs. low) saturation elicited higher arousal (mirrored by P300 amplitudes). Sound frequency is first moderated by color saturation and was then mediated by arousal to affect the perceived product size. The above results were also replicated in the field (Study 3). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Effect of yttrium addition on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of Mg−Zn−Zr alloys
Authors: Jia Q.‐g. , Han S. , Sun Y. , Zhang W. , Xu C. , Zhang J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMicrostructure evolution and bio‐corrosion behaviors of as‐cast Mg‐3Zn‐0.4Zr‐xY (x = 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 wt.%) alloys were studied by using optical microscope, x‐ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope, immersion test and electrochemical measurement. Results indicated that yttrium addition led to significant grain refinement and to the formation of I‐phase (Mg3YZn6) and W‐phase (Mg3Y2Zn3). The volume fraction of I‐phase is dramatically increased after 2 wt% yttrium addition, and the corrosion resistance is improved, while further addition reverses the effect, due to the rising W‐phase, which increases the amount of cathodic sites and accelerates the galvanic corrosion process.
Möglichkeit zur Lebensdauererhöhung von Schleifscheiben: Hier beim Schleifen von Magnesiumlegierungen
Authors: Dębkowski R. , Gołąbczak M. , Skowron M. , Urbaniak M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe article presents and discusses a new method of grinding of magnesium alloys using conventional ceramic grinding. In this method the conditioning (cleaning) of the cutting surface of grinding wheel during grinding operation is applied. It will be shown that this method significantly increases the durability of cutting properties of grinding wheels. Moreover, the geometrical structure of surface layer of grinded workpieces in 3D configuration is assessed as well as manufactured, diamond like carbon coating on the surface is presented.
Investigation of the STOX1 polymorphism on lumbar disc herniation
Authors: Yang Xuejun , Li Feng , Xin Daqi , Huang Zhi , Xue Jianmin , Wang Bo , Da Yifeng , Xing Wenhua , Zhu Yong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundLumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common musculoskeletal disorder affliction and associated with several genes polymorphism. Storkhead box 1 (STOX1) gene is a transcriptional factor related with several signaling pathways including inflammatory pathway. However, little is known about single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of STOX1 associated with LDH risk.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study among 508 LDH cases and well‐matched 508 controls, and six candidate SNPs in STOX1 were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY. Chi‐squared test, genetic model, and haploview analysis were used to evaluate associations. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression.ResultsIn the allelic model analysis, we found the minor allele “T” of rs7903209 and “A” of rs4472827 were associated with an increased risk of LDH (p = .029, p = .016). Furthermore, in the genotype model analysis, rs7903209 polymorphism was associated with the increased susceptibility of LDH based on dominant (p = .033) and additive model (p = .024); and rs4472827 variant was found to play a harmful role in the LDH risk based on genotype (p = .014), dominant (p = .012), and additive model (p = .015). In the haplotype analysis, the haplotype “GT” in block (rs10998461 and rs10998468) decreased LDH risk (OR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.52–0.93, p = .016). Functional assessment indicated that rs7903209 and rs4472827 polymorphisms may influence the expression of STOX1.ConclusionOur results provide evidence for polymorphisms of rs7903209 and rs4472827 in STOX1 associated with LDH risk in Chinese Han population.
Variant analysis of PEX11B gene from a family with peroxisome biogenesis disorder 14B by whole exome sequencing
Authors: Tian Yuan , Zhang Linlin , Li Ying , Gao Jinshuang , Yu Haiyang , Guo Yaqing , Jia Liting 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeroxisome biogenesis disorder 14B (PBD14B) is an autosomal recessive peroxisome biogenesis disorder characterized clinically by mild intellectual disability, congenital cataracts, progressive hearing loss, and polyneuropathy peroxisome biogenesis disorders are genetically heterogeneous group of disorders caused by biallelic mutations in peroxin (PEX) genes.Methodology/Laboratory ExaminationDNA of the family was extracted and sequenced by whole exome sequencing. The results were validated with Sanger sequencing analyzed with Bioinformatics software.ResultsSequencing result showed that the patient has carried a homozygous variant of c.277C>T of the PEX11B gene. The patient's brother has carried a homozygous variant of c.277C>T of the PEX11B gene and their variants of c.277C>T of the PEX11B gene were inherited, respectively, from his mother and father.Discussion and ConclusionThe homozygous variant of c.277C>T of the PEX11B gene probably underlie the disease in this child and her brother.
Inhibitory effect of alpinetin on IL‐6 expression by promoting cytosine methylation in CpG islands in the IL‐6 promoter region
Authors: Hu Ke , Li Yuxian , Liang Minghua , Liu Lijing , Chen Yuefu , Huang Minjiang , Tan Bifeng , Luo Yingquan , Yin Huiming 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlpinetin is a flavonoid which exerts antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory functions. In order to prove that the induced methylation is an important mechanism for alpinetin in regulating the expression of inflammatory factor Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), we detected the dinucleotide methylation status of CpG islands in the IL‐6 promoter region and IL‐6 level after treatment of RAW246.7 murine macrophages with alpinetin.MethodsAfter RAW246.7 murine macrophages were treated with alpinetin, alpinetin + GW9662 (the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) antagonist), and alpinetin + DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A) siRNA for 96 hr, CpG islands were analyzed using time‐of‐flight mass spectrophotometry (TOF‐MS) and bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (BSP). Dinucleotide methylation status of the CpG islands in the IL‐6 promoter region was analyzed by methylation‐specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). IL‐6 level was detected using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to test for potential correlation between the methylation status of CpG islands in the IL‐6 promoter region and IL‐6 level in RAW 246.7 cells.ResultsAlpinetin promoted dinucleotide methylation status of two CpG islands in the IL‐6 promoter region stretching 500–2500 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site (TSS) (p < .05). This promoting effect was more significant for the CpG island stretching 500–1500 bp long. The methylation ratio of dinucleotide at this position was significantly inversely correlated with the level of IL‐6 (p < .05). PPAR antagonist GW9662 and interference of DNMT3A could reverse both the alpinetin‐induced methylation and inhibitory effects on IL‐6 expression.ConclusionAlpinetin could induce dinucleotide methylation status of CpG islands in the IL‐6 promoter region by activating methyltransferase, thus inhibiting IL‐6 expression in murine macrophages.
An outdoor remote detection method for corona discharge based on convolution window bandpass filtering of its electromagnetic radiation mainly in microwave‐band
Authors: Wang Jian , Huang Xiangdong , Ma Jianguo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRecently, with the rapid development of railway and ultra‐high voltage widely applied in long‐distance electric power transmission in China, potentially harmful corona discharge may be evoked in cobuilt area of two types of infrastructure. In order to increase the sensitivity and detection distance of corona discharges which cover the frequency band up to 1000 MHz or above, this paper proposes a novel corona detection method based on bandpass digital filtering. Based on a deep spectral investigation on background signals and corona discharge signals, it is discovered that there exists a narrow characteristic band from 230 to 270 MHz which can be developed to improve corona detection with high signal‐noise‐ratio using helical antenna. Accordingly, a novel convolution window based digital filter design was proposed. It can not only accurately realize the mentioned bandpass filter's cut‐off frequencies but also greatly suppress the electromagnetic interference. Moreover, to enhance the proposed method's design efficiency, the filter parameter configuration for corona detection and a closed‐form formula of filter coefficients were also derived. Field experiments verified the proposed method's feasibility and high sensitivity, and showed that the maximum measurable distance of this apparatus can reach 150 m.
Volumetric multicomponent T1ρrelaxation mapping of the human liver under free breathing at 3T
Authors: Sharafi Azadeh , Baboli Rahman , Zibetti Marcelo , Shanbhogue Krishna , Olsen Sonja , Block Tobias , Chandarana Hersh , Regatte Ravinder 
Published: November 2019

PurposeTo develop a 3D sequence for T1ρrelaxation mapping using radial volumetric encoding (3D‐T1ρ‐RAVE) and to evaluate the multi relaxation components in the liver of healthy controls and chronic liver disease (CLD) patients.MethodsFat saturation and T1ρpreparation modules were followed by a train of gradient‐echo acquisitions and T1restoration delay. The series of T1ρ‐weighted images were fitted using mono‐exponential, bi‐exponential, and stretched‐exponential models. The repeatability and reproducibility of the proposed technique were evaluated on National Institute of Standards and Technology phantom by calculating the coefficient of variation between test‐retest scans on the same scanner and between two different 3T scanners, respectively. Mann‐Whitney U‐test was performed to assess differences in T1ρcomponents among patients (n= 3) and a control group (n= 10).ResultsThe phantom study showed an error of 8.9% and 11.5% in mono T2relaxation time measurement relative to the reference on 2 different scanners. The coefficient of variation for test‐retest scans performed on the same scanner was 5.7% and 2.4% for scans performed on 2 scanners. The comparison between healthy controls and CLD patients showed a significant difference (P< .05) in mono relaxation time (P= .002), stretched‐exponential relaxation parameter (P= .04). The Akaike information criteria C criterion showed 2.53 ± 0.9% (2.3 ± 0.3% for CLD) of the voxels are bi‐exponential while in 65.3 ± 5.8% (81.2 ± 0.06% for CLD) of the liver voxels, the stretched‐exponential model was preferred.ConclusionThe 3D‐T1ρ‐RAVE sequence allows volumetric, multicomponent T1ρassessment of the liver during free breathing and can distinguish between healthy volunteers and CLD patients.
Utility and practice of electrodiagnostic testing in the pediatric population: An AANEM consensus statement
Authors: Kang Peter B. , McMillan Hugh J. , Kuntz Nancy L. , Lehky Tanya J. , Alter Katharine E. , Fitzpatrick Kevin F. , El Kosseifi Charbel , Quijano‐Roy Susana ,   The Professional Practice Committee of the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine
Published: November 2019

AbstractNerve conduction studies and needle electromyography, collectively known as electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies, have been available for pediatric patients for decades, but the accessibility of this diagnostic modality and the approach to testing vary significantly depending on the physician and institution. The maturation of molecular diagnostic approaches and other diagnostic technologies such as neuromuscular ultrasound indicate that an analysis of current needs and practices for EDX studies in the pediatric population is warranted. The American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine convened a consensus panel to perform literature searches, share collective experiences, and develop a consensus statement. The panel found that electrodiagnostic studies continue to have high utility for the diagnosis of numerous childhood neuromuscular disorders, and that standardized approaches along with the use of high‐quality reference values are important to maximize the diagnostic yield of these tests in infants, children, and adolescents.
Quantitative sonographic evaluation of muscle thickness and fasciculation prevalence in healthy subjects
Authors: Abraham Alon , Drory Vivian E. , Fainmesser Yaara , Lovblom Leif E. , Bril Vera 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn the current study, we aimed to determine normative values for muscle thickness and fasciculation prevalence in healthy subjects.MethodsWe performed a prospective study from October to December 2018 in 65 healthy subjects. All subjects underwent quantitative sonographic evaluation of muscle thickness and fasciculation prevalence in the following 8 muscles: Biceps brachii, abductor pollicis brevis, first dorsal interosseous, abductor digiti minimi, quadriceps, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum brevis, and abductor hallucis brevis.ResultsSubject ages ranged from 21 to 82 years, with 63% women. Normative values for muscle thickness were determined using the fifth percentile. Multivariate regression analysis showed that sex, age, body mass index, and hand dominance affected muscle thickness. Fasciculations were observed frequently only in distal muscles.ConclusionsNormal values for muscle thickness were determined, and may enhance neuromuscular ultrasound sensitivity and serve as a basis for future studies. Larger series are needed to confirm these values.