bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Permafrost response to land use and land cover change in the last millennium across the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Peng Xiaoqing , Zhang Tingjun , Frauenfeld Oliver W. , Du Ran 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLand use and land cover change (LULCC) can alter surface climate through biogeophysical feedbacks including the modification of energy, moisture, and momentum exchanges between the land and atmosphere. Permafrost, a component of the cryosphere, plays an important role in the climate system. However, the role of permafrost in LULCC in cold regions is still not clearly understood. Here, we employ a LULCC sensitivity experiment carried out by the community Earth system model last millennium ensemble project to investigate the effect of LULCC in permafrost regions across the Northern Hemisphere during 850–2005. LULCC is associated with statistically significant large‐scale cooling in permafrost regions. The overall area‐averaged annual surface air temperature decreased 0.37°C during 850–2005, and soil temperature decreased 0.39°C. Active layer thickness declined at a rate of −0.54 cm/100 year ± 0.023 cm, with a net decline of 6.24 ± 0.26 cm during 850–2005 in association with LULCC. Soil moisture also showed a decrease, most pronounced in summer and autumn. Seasonally, the greatest surface air temperature decreases occurred in autumn at a rate of −0.042°C/100 year, and 0.2 m winter soil temperature decreased 0.036°C/100 year, both with time lags. Comparisons of cooling associated with LULCC demonstrate that permafrost regions are more sensitive to LULCC than the rest of the Northern Hemisphere.
A Ninhydrin‐Type Urea Sorbent for the Development of a Wearable Artificial Kidney
Authors: Jong Jacobus A. W. , Guo Yong , Hazenbrink Diënty , Douka Stefania , Verdijk Dennis , van der Zwan Johan , Houben Klaartje , Baldus Marc , Scheiner Karina C. , Dalebout Remco , Verhaar Marianne C. , Smakman Robert , Hennink Wim E. , Gerritsen Karin G.F. , van Nostrum Cornelus F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe aim of this study is to develop polymeric chemisorbents with a high density of ninhydrin groups, able to covalently bind urea under physiological conditions and thus potentially suitable for use in a wearable artificial kidney. Macroporous beads are prepared by suspension polymerization of 5‐vinyl‐1‐indanone (vinylindanone) using a 90:10 (v/v) mixture of toluene and nitrobenzene as a porogen. The indanone groups are subsequently oxidized in a one‐step procedure into ninhydrin groups. Their urea absorption kinetics are evaluated under both static and dynamic conditions at 37 °C in simulated dialysate (urea in phosphate buffered saline). Under static conditions and at a 1:1 molar ratio of ninhydrin: urea the sorbent beads remove ≈0.6–0.7 mmol g−1 and under dynamic conditions and at a 2:1 molar excess of ninhydrin ≈0.6 mmol urea g−1 sorbent in 8 h at 37 °C, which is a step toward a wearable artificial kidney.
Fully Green Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Tea Polyphenol Composites and Super Anti‐Ultraviolet and ‐Bacterial Properties
Authors: Zhang Li‐Hua , Shen Qing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSeveral fully green composites are prepared by taking the tea polyphenols (TP) with various percentages to blend with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The as‐prepared PVA/TP composite with only 5% TP shows superb anti‐UV properties even after water washing, the presented UV protection factor (UPF) value is still greater than that of the standard values reported by Australia and New Zealand (AS/NZS 4399‐1996). Moreover, the UPF value of those PVA/TP composites is found capable of furthermore enhancement by increasing the TP percent. This PVA/TP composite also shows good antibacterial and biodegradability while it is kept with certain mechanical properties to fit required application cases.
Rational Design of Soluble Polyaramid for High‐Efficiency Energy Storage Dielectric Materials at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Xu Da , Xu Wenhan , Seery Thomas , Zhang Haibo , Zhou Chenyi , Pang Jinhui , Zhang Yunhe , Jiang Zhenhua 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHigh‐temperature polymer dielectrics are in great demand for harsh‐environment applications. Maintaining high‐energy storage density and low loss at elevated temperatures remains a major challenge for polymer dielectrics. In this work, a new type of polymer dielectric material is designed, which exhibits comparable dielectric properties in the start‐of‐the‐art dielectric nanocomposites and a superior potential for scale up. A soluble, glassy state polymer with a polarizing group is designed by introducing a weakly polar group into the polyaramid (PA) backbone to dilute the hydrogen bonding of the PA parent species. This increases the mobility of the molecular dipole within the polymer in the glassy state, thereby increasing its dielectric constant while maintaining the high‐temperature performance. The result of this design is a polymer with a glass transition temperature of 251 °C, a dielectric constant of up to 4.5, and a dielectric loss of 1%, while maintaining 2.1 J cm−3 energy density and 86.8% efficiency at 200 °C. This polymer, with its excellent, intrinsic, electrical‐energy‐storage properties can also be adapted for a roll‐to‐roll capacitor film production. Breaking intermolecular hydrogen bonds to enhance the electrical‐energy‐storage properties of polymers is an excellent path for designing polymer dielectrics with high‐temperature capabilities.
Ratio of the zygote cytoplasm to the paternal genome affects the reprogramming and developmental efficiency of androgenetic embryos
Authors: Liao Chen , Shen Xinghui , Zhang Yuwei , Lei Lei 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUniparental embryos have uniparental genomes and are very useful models for studying the specific gene expression of parents or for exploring the biological significance of genomic imprinting in mammals. However, the early developmental efficiency of androgenetic embryos is significantly lower than that of parthenogenetic embryos. In addition, oocytes are able to reprogram sperm nuclei after fertilization to guarantee embryonic development by maternally derived reprogramming factors, which accumulate during oogenesis. However, the importance of maternal material in the efficiency of reprogramming the pronucleus of androgenetic embryos is not known. In this study, androgenetic embryos were constructed artificially by pronucleus transfer (PT) or double sperm injection (DS). Compared with DS embryos, PT embryos that were derived from two zygotes contained more maternal material, like 10–11 translocation methylcytosine deoxygenase 3 (Tet3) and histone variant 3.3 (H3.3). Our experiments confirmed the better developmental potential of PT embryos, which had higher blastocyst rates, a stronger expression of pluripotent genes, a lower expression of apoptotic genes, and superior blastocyst quality. Our findings indicate that the aggregation of more maternal materials in the paternal pronucleus facilitate the reprogramming of the paternal genome, improving embryonic development in PT androgenesis.
Two‐level Fourier analysis of multigrid for higher‐order finite‐element discretizations of the Laplacian
Authors: He Yunhui , MacLachlan Scott 
Published: February 2020

SummaryIn this paper, we employ local Fourier analysis (LFA) to analyze the convergence properties of multigrid methods for higher‐order finite‐element approximations to the Laplacian problem. We find that the classical LFA smoothing factor, where the coarse‐grid correction is assumed to be an ideal operator that annihilates the low‐frequency error components and leaves the high‐frequency components unchanged, fails to accurately predict the observed multigrid performance and, consequently, cannot be a reliable analysis tool to give good performance estimates of the two‐grid convergence factor. While two‐grid LFA still offers a reliable prediction, it leads to more complex symbols that are cumbersome to use to optimize parameters of the relaxation scheme, as is often needed for complex problems. For the purposes of this analytical optimization as well as to have simple predictive analysis, we propose a modification that is “between” two‐grid LFA and smoothing analysis, which yields reasonable predictions to help choose correct damping parameters for relaxation. This exploration may help us better understand multigrid performance for higher‐order finite element discretizations, including for Q2‐Q1 (Taylor‐Hood) elements for the Stokes equations. Finally, we present two‐grid and multigrid experiments, where the corrected parameter choice is shown to yield significant improvements in the resulting two‐grid and multigrid convergence factors.
Eltrombopag for thrombocytopenia following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children
Authors: Masetti Riccardo , Vendemini Francesca , Quarello Paola , Girardi Katia , Prete Arcangelo , Fagioli Franca , Pession Andrea , Locatelli Franco 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPersistent thrombocytopenia is a common complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). While the use of thrombopoietin receptor agonists was retrospectively investigated in adults, data in pediatric posttransplant thrombocytopenia are lacking. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of eltrombopag in nine children with platelet transfusion‐dependent persistent thrombocytopenia after HSCT. Eltrombopag was started at a median of 147 days after allo‐SCT and continued for a median period of 64 days, the starting dose being 50 mg per day. The therapy was well tolerated. After a median time of treatment of 36 days, eight patients (88%) reached sustained platelets count >50 000/μL.
Minimally invasive surgery for unilateral Wilms tumors: Multicenter retrospective analysis of 50 transperitoneal laparoscopic total nephrectomies
Authors: Bouty Aurore , Blanc Thomas , Leclair Marc David , Lavrand Frederic , Faure Alice , Binet Aurelien , Rod Julien , O'Brien Mike , Sarnacki Sabine , Nightingale Michael , Heloury Yves , Varlet Francois , Scalabre Aurelien 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate feasibility and outcomes of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in Wilms tumor (WT).MethodsInternational multicenter review of MIS total nephrectomies for WT between 2006 and 2018. Medical records of confirmed WT were retrospectively assessed for demographic, imaging, treatment, pathology, and oncological outcome data.ResultsFifty patients, with a median age of 38 months (6‐181), were included in 10 centers. All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, as per SIOP protocol. Median tumor volume post‐chemotherapy was 673 mL (18‐3331), 16 tumors crossed the lateral border of the spine, and three crossed the midline. Six patients with tumors that crossed the lateral border of the spine (tumor volumes 1560 mL [299‐2480]) were converted to an open approach. There was no intraoperative tumor rupture. Overall, MIS was completed in 19% of the 195 nephrectomies for WT presenting during the study period. Tumor was stage I in 29, II in 16, and III in 5, and histology was reported as low in three, intermediate in 42, and high risk in five. Three patients had positive tumor margins. After a median follow‐up of 34 months (2‐138), there were two local recurrences (both stage I, intermediate risk, 7 and 9 months after surgery) and one metastatic relapse (stage III, high risk, four months after surgery). The three‐year event‐free survival was 94%.ConclusionMIS is feasible in 20% of WT, with oncological outcomes comparable with open surgery, no intraoperative rupture, and a low rate of local relapse. Ongoing surveillance is, however, needed to evaluate this technique as it becomes widespread.
Gene rearrangements in consecutive series of pediatric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors
Authors: Preobrazhenskaya Elena V. , Iyevleva Aglaya G. , Suleymanova Amina M. , Tiurin Vladislav I. , Mitiushkina Natalia V. , Bizin Ilya V. , Ivanstov Alexandr O. , Gorustovich Olga A. , Shelekhova Kseniya V. , Kachanov Denis Y. , Varfolomeeva Svetlana R. , Roschin Vitaliy Y. , Kazakova Anna N. , Litvinov Dmitriy V. , Shamanskaya Tatiana V. , Savelov Nikita A. , Suspitsin Evgeny N. , Imyanitov Evgeny N. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are exceptionally rare neoplasms, which are often driven by rearranged tyrosine kinases.MethodsThis study considered 33 consecutive patients with IMT (median age, 6.6; age range, 0.6‐15.8 years). RNA and cDNA were successfully obtained in 29 cases. The molecular analysis included sequential tests for 5′/3′‐end unbalanced gene expression, variant‐specific PCR, and next‐generation sequencing (NGS).Results5′/3′‐end unbalanced ALK expression was revealed in 15/29 (52%) IMTs. Strikingly, all these tumors demonstrated high amount of ALK protein detected by immunohistochemistry. Variant‐specific PCR was capable of identifying the type of ALK rearrangement in 11/15 IMTs with 5′/3′‐end unbalanced ALK expression. The remaining four tumors were analyzed by NGS; two known and two novel (CLTC‐ins6del84‐ALK and EEF1G‐ALK) ALK rearrangements were detected. Five IMTs demonstrated 5′/3′‐end unbalanced ROS1 expression, and all these tumors carried TFG‐ROS1 fusion. Nine tumors, which were negative for 5′/3′‐end unbalanced ALK/ROS1 expression, were subjected to further analysis. Variant‐specific PCR revealed two additional tumors with gene rearrangements (TFG‐ROS1 and ETV6‐NTRK3). The remaining seven IMTs were tested by NGS; single instances of TFG‐ROS1 and novel SRF‐PDGFRb translocations were detected.ConclusionsTwenty‐four of 29 IMTs (83%) were shown to have druggable rearrangements involving tyrosine kinases, 20 of these 24 gene fusions were detectable by simple and inexpensive PCR assay, which is based on the detection 5′/3′‐end unbalanced gene expression.
Characteristics and outcomes of osteomyelitis in children with sickle cell disease: A 10‐year single‐center experience
Authors: Weisman Julie K. , Nickel Robert Sheppard , Darbari Deepika S. , Hanisch Benjamin R. , Diab Yaser A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundPatients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk for osteomyelitis (OM). Diagnosis of OM in SCD is challenging as the clinical presentation is similar to a vasoocclusive crisis (VOC) with no diagnostic gold standard. We report characteristics and outcomes of OM in SCD patients treated at our center over 10‐year period.Design/MethodWe conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with SCD who were treated for OM at our center over a 10‐year period (2006‐2016). Cases were identified utilizing radiology data mining software. Radiology reports and medical charts of potential OM cases were reviewed.ResultsTwenty‐eight children with SCD were treated for OM at our institution. Patients treated for OM were largely similar to patients treated for a VOC. However, patients treated for OM had significantly higher C‐reactive protein (10 mg/dL vs 5.58 mg/dL, P = 0.03) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (60 mm/h vs 47 mm/h, P = 0.02). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were consistent with OM in 18 (64%) patients and indeterminate in the remaining. Based on clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings, the diagnosis of OM was considered confirmed in 3 patients, probable in 6 patients, and presumed in 19 patients. Nontyphoidal Salmonella was isolated from cultures in 9 (32%) patients, while no organism was identified in 19 (67%) patients. All patients were treated with antibiotics. Six patients (21%) required surgical interventions.ConclusionsOM continues to pose diagnostic challenges. Most patients are treated for OM without definitive confirmation. Nontyphoidal Salmonella was the only organism identified in our cohort.
Approximate ℓ‐bound state solutions of q‐deformed exponential‐type potentials
Authors: Peña José J. , García‐Ravelo Jesús , Ovando Gerardo , Morales Jesús 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this work, the exactly solvable Schrödinger equation for s‐states of a class of multiparameter exponential‐type potential (E‐tP) is used to obtain the approximate ℓ ≠ 0 bound state solutions for the corresponding q‐deformed radial potentials. To deal with the effective potential, the Pekeris approximation for the centrifugal term is applied. The proposal has the advantage that, depending on the choice of the parameters involved in the E‐tP, several q‐deformed exponential potentials are obtained here as particular cases. That is, our proposition indicates that it is not necessary to use specialized methods to solve the Schrödinger equation for specific q‐deformed exponential potentials. At this regard, in order to show the usefulness of the proposed method, we consider the ℓ ≠ 0 bound state solutions of the q‐deformed Tietz, Hulthén, Manning‐Rosen, Shioberg, quadratic exponential, Wei and Hua among other potential models. Furthermore, with the example of the Hua potential we are contributing to solve the recent controversy on the energy spectra of this q‐deformed model. Moreover, in some applications considered in this work the results can be used to correct similar findings already published. Besides, the proposal is useful when considering new q‐deformed potentials with hypergeometric wavefunctions to be used in quantum chemical applications of diatomic molecules.
Compound‐specific carbon isotope analysis for mechanistic characterization of debromination of decabrominated diphenyl ether
Authors: Zhu Xifen , Zhong Yin , Wang Heli , Li Dan , Deng Yirong , Gao Shutao , Peng Ping'an 
Published: February 2020

RationaleDecabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE‐209) is a notorious persistent organic pollutant widely found in the environment. Developing a compound‐specific isotope analysis (CSIA) method is much needed in order to trace its transport and degradation processes and to evaluate the effectiveness of the remediation of BDE‐209 in the environment. However, the conventional CSIA method, i.e. gas chromatography (GC) combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry, is not appropriate for BDE‐209 because of its high thermal instability and incomplete combustion.MethodsWe developed a high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the separation and purification of BDE‐209 that prevents its thermal reactivity as occurred in prior GC‐based methods. The δ13C value of the purified BDE‐209 was determined using offline elemental analyzer isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS). This two‐step method was applied to determine the δ13C values of BDE‐209 in two commercial samples and to characterize carbon isotope fractionation associated with the debromination of BDE‐209 via nanoscale zero‐valent iron.ResultsThe mean values of daily δ13C analyses of six replicates of a BDE‐209 standard varied from −27.66‰ to −27.92‰, with a standard deviation ranging from 0.07‰ to 0.16‰, indicating a good reproducibility of EA/IRMS. The EA/IRMS analysis of the purified BDE‐209 standard indicated no obvious isotope fractionation during the sample purification. The impurity content in commercial BDE‐209 samples may contribute additional variation of the δ13C values of BDE‐209. The δ13C values of BDE‐209 gradually changed from −27.47 ± 0.37‰ to −24.59 ± 0.19‰ when 74% of the BDE‐209 standard was degraded within 36 h. The estimated carbon isotope enrichment factor was −1.72 ± 0.18‰.ConclusionsThe two‐step method based on HPLC and EA/IRMS avoids the thermal instability of BDE‐209 in the traditional CSIA method. It offers a novel approach for elucidating the degradation mechanisms of BDE‐209 in the environment and for source identification in contaminated sites.
Distributed formation‐containment control with Euler‐Lagrange systems subject to input saturation and communication delays
Authors: Silva T. C. , Souza F. O. , Pimenta L. C. A. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the problem of formation‐containment on networked systems, with interconnected systems modeled by the Euler‐Lagrange equation with bounded inputs and time‐varying delays on the communication channels. The main results are the design of control algorithms and sufficient conditions to ensure the convergence of the network. The control algorithms are designed as distributed dynamic controllers, in such a way that the number of neighbors of each agent is decoupled from the bound of the control inputs. That is, in the proposed approach the amplitude of the input signal does not directly increase with the number of neighbors of each agent. The proposed sufficient conditions for the asymptotic convergence follow from the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii theory and are formulated in the linear matrix inequalities framework. The conditions rely only on the upper bound of delays and on a subset of the controller parameters, but they do not depend on the model of each agent, which makes it suitable for networks with agents governed by distinct dynamics. In order to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method we present numerical examples and compare with similar approaches existing in the literature.
A new experience mining approach for improving low carbon city development
Authors: Wu Ya , Shuai Chenyang , Wu Liu , Shen Liyin , Yan Jianzhong , Jiao Liudan , Liao Shiju 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDeveloping low carbon city (LCC) has been widely appreciated as an important strategy for sustainable development. In line with this, an increasing number of cities globally have launched low carbon practices in recent years and gained various types of experience. However, it appears that existing studies do not present methods of how to use these valuable LCC experience in solving new problems. This study therefore introduces an experience mining approach to assist decision‐makers in reusing previous experience when tailoring LCC development strategies. The mining approach consists of three processes, namely, collecting historical cases which have been experiencing LCC, establishing LCC experience base, and mining similar experience cases. This study innovates the existing experience mining approach by introducing a two‐step mining process with considering the perspective of problem‐based urban characteristics (PBUCs) and the perspective of solution‐based urban characteristics (SBUCs). The application of the introduced mining approach has been demonstrated by a case study, where Shenyang's energy structure is adopted as the target problem. The new experience mining approach provides a valuable reference for decision‐makers to retrieve similar cases for improving LCC development with the consideration of city characteristics.
Effective Fixation of Carbon in g‐C3N4 Enabled by Mg‐Induced Selective Reconstruction
Authors: Ding Yiwang , Yu Chang , Chang Jiangwei , Yao Chun , Yu Jinhe , Guo Wei , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe methodology of metal‐involved preparation for carbon materials is favored by researchers and has attracted tremendous attention. Decoupling this process and the underlying mechanism in detail are highly required. Herein, the intrinsic mechanism of carbon fixation in graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) via the magnesium‐involved carbonization process is reported and clarified. Magnesium can induce the displacement reaction with the small carbon nitride molecule generated by the pyrolysis of g‐C3N4, thus efficiently fixing the carbon onto the in situ template of Mg3N2 product to avoid the direct volatilization. As a result, the N‐doped carbon nanosheet frameworks with interconnected porous structure and suitable N content are constructed by reconstruction of carbon and nitrogen species, which exhibit a comparable photoelectric conversion efficiency (8.59%) and electrocatalytic performances to that of Pt (8.40%) for dye‐sensitized solar cells.