bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROJEKTOVANJE AKTIVNOG NISKOPROPUSNOG FILTRA U 0,18 µm CMOS TEHNOLOGIJI
Authors: Nikolić Kristina 
Published: January 2020

U ovom radu je projektovan aktivni Batervortov niskopropusni filtar šestog reda u 0,18 μm CMOS tehnologiji. Topologija se sastoji iz kaskadne veze tri filtra drugog reda. Filtar drugog reda je projektovan korišćenjem Salen-Ki topologije koja se sastoji iz dvostepenog operacionog pojačavača, dva otpornika i dva kondenzatora. Projektovani filtar ima maksimalno slabljenje u propusnom opsegu 9,5217 mdB i minimalno slabljenje u nepropusnom opsegu 50 dB. Granična učestanost je 52,3 kHz, a potrošnja kola 2,27 mW.
STEGOSPLOIT U SISTEMIMA ZA PRENOS I PRIKAZ DIGITALNIH SLIKA
Authors: Mišić Aleksandra 
Published: January 2020

U ovom radu predstavljena je vrsta napada pod nazivom stegosploit. Opisan je postupak kreiranja malicioznog fajla, načini za isporuku fajla žrtvi, kao i načini odbrane od ove klase kiber pretnji.
Well-Testing, In-Situ Fluid Sampling, and Stress Determination Methods for Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Azari Mehdi , Hashmi Gibran , Hamza Farrukh , Tahani Hoda 
Published: January 2020

Traditionally, production potential evaluation of newly drilled wells is determined with a drillstem test (DST) or a wireline formation tester to make decisions. Applying such techniques in unconventional formations is not always that easy owing to extremely tight formations that do not allow significant natural flow. Obtaining representative downhole fluid samples is also a major issue in unconventional wells. Unconventional gas condensate wells produce water for a long period after hydraulically fracturing the formation. Conventional fluid sampling acquires mostly water; surface sampling is not representative because the gas, condensate, and water flow rates change with slugs of fluid flowing to the surface.
To obtain undisturbed fluid samples, a new wireline formation tester technique was developed for unconventional formations. This method uses straddle packers to isolate a section in the wellbore to pump into the formation and create a fracture. Because these tight formations have limited invasion during drilling, they clean up faster during the pumping out period, with the created higher surface area increasing the flow rate. Formation mechanical properties, such as fracture initiation, instantaneous shut-in pressure (ISIP), fracture closure and opening pressures, and fracture extension pressure will all be obtained for this new microfracturing and fluid sampling technique.
Several well testing applications are discussed with corresponding analyses pertaining to unconventional gas and gas condensate wells in addition to some case studies for tight oil formations. The results provided valuable information to optimize production and evaluate reservoir potential. For example, a tight gas well was hydraulically fractured and did not produce after fracture stimulation because of water blockage; therefore, an injection/falloff test was recommended by injecting nitrogen into the formation and analyzing the falloff test. The well test analysis revealed that the early screenout caused an ineffective fracture length. The well was then refractured and has been producing since.
One of the issues with unconventional wells, particularly in tight gas wells, is that the wellbore storage lasts much longer than in standard wells. A downhole shut-in tool, or any test that minimizes the wellbore storage effects, can greatly reduce the duration of such tests and help improve the quality of the analysis results. A new extended diagnostic fracture injection test (DFIT) conducted with a downhole wireline operation that alleviated the problem of high wellbore storage and obtained pressurized pressure volume temperature (PVT) quality samples is also discussed. Because of controlled rates with an injection/falloff test in low-permeability wells, faster flow stabilization can be achieved, resulting in shorter wellbore-storage duration. This technique can obtain well and reservoir information in a shorter period of time than a conventional pressure-buildup test.
Human Performance Tools Enhancing Fatality Prevention by Assuring Presence of Safeguards
Authors: Alsaqour Ali 
Published: January 2020

Eliminating fatalities and serious injuries amongst the workforce is of paramount importance of every Fatality Prevention policy or system. This abstract explores Best Practice of Save Your Life Actions / Start-Work Checks Fatality Prevention initiative with an ultimate objective of eliminating fatalities resulting from Human failure to safely execute work primarily by reducing Human-error rate.
The initiative starts with Identifying and understanding risks of hazardous work activities of high potential consequences and safeguards to prevent or mitigate these consequences, then, developing two Human Performance tools to reduce human-error rate. The first, Save Your Life Actions, provides clarity on critical safeguards to improve ability to assure workforce knowledge and reinforce consistent execution. The second, Start-Work Checks, is a verification tool completed by a Start-Work Verifier prior to starting work and focuses on assuring that all critical Safe Guards are positively verified being in place and functioning immediately prior to work execution 100% of the time.
After first year of implementation by an international oil company, these tools have not only contributed on exceeding all 2018 Workforce Safety milestones, they also contributed on marking a significant milestone, the first calendar year without a workforce fatality in its long history. The milestones of serious injuries have greatly improved as well. The monitoring, assessments and feedback of the initiative have shown enhancement in workforce's knowledge on the high potential consequence activities and critical Safeguards leading to clear reduction in human-error rate. As Fatality prevention is not a task that to be completed and left behind, continual improvement process identifies gaps and opportunities to strengthen and improve safeguards. This has clearly set the next step in this journey, that is introducing a Verification and Validation Coaching program. This program has the objective of enhancing workforce competency and confidence in application of safe work management system through on-site engagement by expert coaches with the front-line workers to closely observe work and provide feedback, anonymously, to workers. Pilots, already implemented in some upstream operations, have shown drastic improvements in both Human Performance and Safeguards Assurance measures.
From a Human Performance perspective, Safety is not about eliminating incidents, but is about presence and functionality of Safeguards. People make mistakes and human-error rate is to be reduced when executing high potential consequence works by assuring and enhancing their knowledge and competency on critical safeguards. Implementation of such tools, Save Your Life Actions and Start-Work Checks followed by the Verification and Validation Coaching Program, will be highly beneficial to the industry towards Fatality Prevention.
Deep EM Method for Proactively Prediction of Resistivity ahead of Bit to Determine Salt Bottom Position
Authors: Guo Qing Bin , Hao Xiang Bao , Wu Chao , Seydoux Jean , Wang Chao , Shim Yen Han , Liu Yan Mei 
Published: January 2020

Most wells in TOC block A need to be drilled through the salt formation, which is always with troubles, like high-pressure salt water, mud loss, stuck pipe etc. Furthermore, the salt formation has great heterogeneity, thickness and depth of the salt different from well to well. For these wells, it's very important to drill through the salt formation safely then set casing accurately at the bottom of it. The common practice for client is to drill using small bit and then reamer to large hole through the salt formation, which is costing time and large uncertainty in salt formation detecting. The deep EM look-ahead method application aims to help client to predict the bottom of salt formation, then set casing to the right place.
This new approached method in this paper based on deep EM technology can detect formation features, especially development for measuring resistivity contrasts ahead of the bit in real time to reduce cost and risk during drilling operations. It provides a step change with regard to precision in detecting changes in resistivity properties ahead of the bit in vertical and low-angle wells. This method can reduce mainly drilling risks and improve landing but detecting potential drilling hazard and reducing depth uncertainty ahead of the bit. The main application of this method in this paper is to detect salt bottom ahead of bit.
Using this method, we can now finally drill and react pro-actively on formation resistivity properties several meters ahead of the drill-bit, instead of drilling reactively on resistivities at or behind the bit. After one well application, we successfully helped client detecting the bottom of formation and setting case to the right depth.
In this paper, a pilot project case will be discussed detailly featuring successful application of EM method to react pro-actively on formation resistivity changes ahead of bit, helping client reducing drilling risks.
A Case Study: Deployment of RFID-Enabled Remote Operated Circulating Toe Sleeve in ERD Wells
Authors: Ng Nicholas YX , Murdoch Euan , Shuja Atif , Vazquez Karina 
Published: January 2020

In the quest to increase production, extended-reach drilling (ERD) has become a popular approach. However, it is recognized that there are challenges associated with ERD wells. Longer and more complicated well profiles incur substantial operational risks during well construction and completion phases. In most cases, conventional completion systems which require well intervention during installation are not suitable for ERD wells. A new generation of completion system is required to address the challenges. While some categories of interventionless equipment, such as intelligent completion systems, have been made available decades ago, these devices carry limitations which often restricted their application in ERD wells. Most of the intelligent completion systems require control lines to operate. The requirement of control lines not only incurs extra cost to operators but also poses difficulties to run these systems into long horizontal wellbores.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has emerged as a promising solution in recent years. The RFID technology uses electro-magnetic waves to establish communications with downhole tools, realizing wireless or "control-line-less" operations. The RFID technique adopted by the oil and gas industry utilizes passive tags which can be made in small sizes and at low cost, suitable for downhole applications. A recent field development campaign which adopted RFID-enabled downhole tools has showed the benefits that RFID technology can bring to the industry. In this campaign, the operator required a remote operated liner toe isolation device. The device would need to be run open to allow circulation during deployment of the lower completion and would be remotely closed to create a barrier at the toe after lower completion installation and well fluid displacement. An RFID-enabled remote operated circulating toe sleeve was developed, delivered and deployed.
Onstream Safety Performance in a Glimpse
Authors: Al-Noaimi Reem E. , Al-Khayat Sultan T. , Al-Amer Ahmed T. 
Published: January 2020

The Unconventional Resources (UR) Gas Operations has recently been developed to deliver the first unconventional production to its customers, to produce, process and pipeline gas to satisfy energy demand and support the potential future development, and reduce the liquid burning at power generation facilities. This organization handles unique, scattered and unmanned facilitates, where each facility operates differently based on the geographical nature of the field. For start-up, best practices were leveraged from for Unconventional Gas companies around the world. This includes reviewing and incorporating latest technologies to meet the business challenges of unconventional gas at the lowest cost, and most importantly, safest operations.
As a new operating organization, UR Gas Operations had to define their major processes for achieving the objective of delivering customer expectations safely. These processes include the implementation of a Safety Management System (SMS) to enable control and management over plant safety, maintenance and reliability. With the help of advanced digitalization, SMS processes are being automated to maximize their effectiveness and efficiency. SMS acts as one platform that integrate the safety processes of different facilities under one umbrella. Furthermore, SMS is a critical pillar of Operational Excellence, it involves a set of defined processes that are measured through KPIs to comply with the company's safe operations which was named "SMS Online"
Developing SMS Online have a positive impact on two key stakeholders in UR; Gas Operations Engineers, and Gas Operations Management. The SMS Online is a visualization platform for the safety performance KPIs across the UR Gas Operation organization. Hence SMS enforces accountability for proper KPI tracking and reporting, with compliance to safety processes. In addition, SMS Online creates an environment that supports engineers with their daily safety revisions, tracking, guidance, etc. This portal has increased the accessibility to safety processes across the organization by having a friendly user interface that navigates through SMS elements and processes. The system also provides an automated tracking system for assigning and managing action items assigned against individuals that alert actionees for closing an item prior to the deadline through an alerts and notification system.
In a majority of the industrial facilities around the world, there is a big gap between building a new facility and being fully developed Business Operating Company. A comprehensive vision and a check list of essential Information Technology and Operational Technology systems was put in place to support business readiness for safe and efficient plant start up. SMS Online was a key component of this strategy, which was developed in-house by the UR IT as the first automated safety management system in the UR.
Successful Deployment of a Laboratory Information Management System LIMS; Striding Towards Modern, Paperless Labs
Authors: Junaid Sameer , Jangda Zaid 
Published: January 2020

The selection, implementation and benefits of a fully customized Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS), which was deployed in the laboratories of the College of Petroleum Engineering & Geosciences (CPG) at the King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM) is discussed. It is one of the innovative initiatives undertaken by CPG to streamline utilization of its facilities and ensure secure data management.
The sheer volume and diversity of experiments and measurements performed in the laboratories of CPG required that the management of equipment, data and information be done in a secure and professional way. This required an electronic system, which is efficient, robust and customizable to the specific requirements of the College. Eight different systems were meticulously reviewed and evaluated, from which a system was selected which allowed full customization and strong local support. The implementation was done in multiple phases with extensive training to ease the shift from the traditional lab practices to a complete electronic system.
With the implementation of this system, the College can fully track the existence of all equipment in each laboratory, their maintenance and calibration history and keep a comprehensive record of experiments and results. LIMS has also enabled CPG to compile and deploy standard operating procedures or Lab Execution System (LES) for all major equipment in the labs. The Sample Lifecycle feature allows users to login their samples and produce the complete sample report including the analysis, calculations, graphs and images within the LIMS. It also ensures that the sample follows the defined test methods and procedures. Barcode scanning and printing of customized labels further enhance the credibility of the tested samples. A recent upgrade has given users access to the system directly from the web, making it possible to use the system from anywhere. The system has been additionally customized to handle the management of OHS&E, car-pool and the e-learning facilities of CPG. Interactive live dashboards enable the users and management to view the system with critical information and data at-a-glance.
The CPG customized LIMS has proven to be very effective in our laboratory activities as it has improved the efficiency and quality of work by reducing the potential of human errors, accelerating the throughput of analysis, and enabling sample tracking activities. It is an essential step in the transitioning of CPG laboratories to fully paperless labs where all the data is stored and managed in a fully secure environment.
Simple Optimized Module for Flared Gases Recovery
Authors: El-Khashab Amr , El-Maghraby Adham , Bendary Mohamed , Taman Hassan 
Published: January 2020

Flaring wastes a valuable source of energy, also it contributes to air pollution problems through adding significant carbon emissions to the atmosphere.
Associated gases produced with crude oil at remote oil production fields are currently directed to flare. Globally, due to the increase in both environmental constraints and energy demand, flaring is often prohibited.
Company investigated and conducted a study for the design of a module for LPG extraction form flared gases and provided cost estimate, and preliminary process description as developed in the simulation program conducted for average composition of gases from different production facilities.
It is important to highlight that during the study of the scheme that should be used, different alternatives have been considered.
The scheme consists of applying solvent extraction technology to recover heavy components (LPG and Condensate) from flared gases without the need of chilling (by refrigeration system) or LTS. The utilized solvent could be any hydrocarbon liquid that has high affinity for C3+ absorption.
The Project Terms of Reference nominates a small-scale recovery plant to process 5 Million Standard Cubic Feet per Day (MMSCFD) to produce the following products:
40 MTPD LPG
12 MTPD Condensate
3.24 MMSCFD Sales Gas
A financial evaluation of the project, based on a standard discounted cash flow (DCF analysis, has been undertaken based on budgetary offers, capital cost estimates and operating cost estimates. The results of this economic model are presented in Table 1
Results of the Economic Model
This unit provides solution for problems caused by flared gases in the petroleum industry specifically in remote oil and gas wells which are mentioned below:
Minimize emissions to environment in line with the green environment program instructions.
Recover valuable products as LPG from flared gases.
Enhance the production from oil wells formerly closed due to presence of flared gases.
Washpipe-Free Installation of Sand Screen with Check Valve Inflow Control Devices ICD
Authors: Kumar Amrendra , Gadiyar Balkrishna , Parlar Mehmet , Anikanov Evgeny , Dikshit Ashutosh , Rudic Aleksandar , Woiceshyn Glenn , Jurgensen Camilo , Petukhov Pavel 
Published: January 2020

Sand control screens are typically installed with an internal string (washpipe) which, among other functions, provides a circulation path. In long horizontal wells, running a washpipe consumes considerable rig time and may limit ability to reach target depth. In cases where fluid losses are experienced after screen installation, isolating the open hole with a fluid loss control valve can take a long time. This paper describes a washpipe-free solution for screen installation using a check valve ICD.
ICD screens are commonly used to delay/restrict influx of unwanted fluids such as gas or water. The washpipe-free solution integrates a check valve with the ICD to prevent outflow through the screen during circulation and allow inflow through the screen when placed on production. This solution uses a check ball that seals against the ICD during circulation but falls back on a porous retainer plate during production. The check ball and retainer plate can be dissolved by spotting a reactive fluid inside the screen or made to erode over time with production.
Laboratory testing yielded the following results: 1) ICD with the check ball was shown to seal up to 5,000 psi, 2) Check ball and retainer plate can be dissolved by a reactive fluid which can be tailored to bottom hole temperature and required time of dissolution, 3) Pressure activation test demonstrated maximum differential pressure to seat the ball is less than 5 psi.
This check valve ICD solution has been applied worldwide in more than 35 wells, most of which were targeted to avoid running a washpipe. However, in two wells the technology was successfully used to set open hole packers with 5,000 psi setting pressure. Washpipe-free ICD screen installation with a dissolvable check valve and capability of setting hydraulic packer without washpipe or intervention in open hole are novel solutions presented in this paper.
Casing Elongation Study During Cementing Job on Long Casing Strings
Authors: Corona Mauricio , Ruzhnikov Alexey , Sebbane Slimane 
Published: January 2020

This study describes the process followed to explain and understand the mechanical blockage in the flow path observed while displacing the cement slurries in long casing strings set with short rat holes. In most of the cases, those blockages ended with amount of cement left in pipe and significant remedial works.
All the incidents were investigated involving casing design experts, cementing specialists and data analysts to understand the root causes. Mud logging unit, cementing and rig sensors data from several cementing jobs were analyzed in an integrated and holistic approach. Different software's were used to simulate and prove the theory that total elongation of the casing was enough to exceed the rat hole length bringing the casing in contact with the bottom of the well, and therefore blocking the flow path.
In all the incidents, the issue was observed at the beginning of the slurry displacement stage where the entire volume of the cement was still inside the casing. Other possible causes of blockage (cement contamination, mechanical failures, loss control material,…) were also checked and ruled out.
Hookload data was available to be analyzed whenever a conventional wellhead was installed, and the casing was held on the elevators during the cementing job. However, in some cases this information was not available as a compact wellhead was used. For those cases, it was necessary to drill out the shoe track using LWD to detect the location of casing shoe.
Recommendations were made to add new loads the current casing design. Results will define the minimum rathole length and the maximum tension at surface experienced by the casing during the cementing job in both static and dynamic conditions. Also, it is important to properly estimate the rathole the physical measurement of the casing joints in the tally can carry measurement errors.