bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-Eddy Simulations for the Wall Heat Flux Prediction of a Film-Cooled Single-Element Combustion Chamber
Authors: Olmeda R. , Breda P. , Stemmer C. , Pfitzner M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In order for modern launcher engines to work at their optimum, film cooling can be used to preserve the structural integrity of the combustion chamber. The analysis of this cooling system by means of CFD is complex due to the extreme physical conditions and effects like turbulent fluctuations damping and recombination processes in the boundary layer which locally change the transport properties of the fluid. The combustion phenomena are modeled by means of Flamelet tables taking into account the enthalpy loss in the proximity of the chamber walls. In this work, Large-Eddy Simulations of a single-element combustion chamber experimentally investigated at the Technical University of Munich are carried out at cooled and non-cooled conditions. Compared with the experiment, the LES shows improved results with respect to RANS simulations published. The influence of wall roughness on the wall heat flux is also studied, as it plays an important role for the lifespan of a rocket engine combustors.
Numerical Modelling of Fluid-Structure Interaction for Thermal Buckling in Hypersonic Flow
Authors: Martin Katharina , Daub Dennis , Esser Burkard , Gülhan Ali , Reese Stefanie 
Published: October 2020

AbstractExperiments have shown that a high-enthalpy flow field might lead under certain mechanical constraints to buckling effects and plastic deformation. The panel buckling into the flow changes the flow field causing locally increased heating which in turn affects the panel deformation. The temperature increase due to aerothermal heating in the hypersonic flow causes the metallic panel to buckle into the flow. To investigate these phenomena numerically, a thermomechanical simulation of a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model for thermal buckling is presented. The FSI simulation is set up in a staggered scheme and split into a thermal solid, a mechanical solid and a fluid computation. The structural solverAbaqusand the fluid solverTAUfrom the German Aerospace Center (DLR) are coupled within the FSI codeiflsdeveloped at the Institute of Aircraft Design and Lightweight Structures (IFL) at TU Braunschweig. The FSI setup focuses on the choice of an equilibrium iteration method, the time integration and the data transfer between grids. To model the complex material behaviour of the structure, a viscoplastic material model with linear isotropic hardening and thermal expansion including material parameters, which are nonlinearly dependent on temperature, is used.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of CH$$_4$$/O$$_2$$ Rocket Combustors
Authors: Perakis Nikolaos , Haidn Oskar J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe experimental investigation of sub-scale rocket engines gives significant information about the combustion dynamics and wall heat transfer phenomena occurring in full-scale hardware. At the same time, the performed experiments serve as validation test cases for numerical CFD models and for that reason it is vital to obtain accurate experimental data. In the present work, an inverse method is developed able to accurately predict the axial and circumferential heat flux distribution in CH$$_4$$/O$$_2$$rocket combustors. The obtained profiles are used to deduce information about the injector-injector and injector-flame interactions. Using a 3D CFD simulation of the combustion and heat transfer within a multi-element thrust chamber, the physical phenomena behind the measured heat flux profiles can be inferred. A very good qualitative and quantitative agreement between the experimental measurements and the numerical simulations is achieved.
A Knowledge Retrieval Framework for Household Objects and Actions with External Knowledge
Authors: Vassiliades Alexandros , Bassiliades Nick , Gouidis Filippos , Patkos Theodore 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the field of domestic cognitive robotics, it is important to have a rich representation of knowledge about how household objects are related to each other and with respect to human actions. In this paper, we present a domain dependent knowledge retrieval framework for household environments which was constructed by extracting knowledge from the VirtualHome dataset (http://virtual-home.org). The framework provides knowledge about sequences of actions on how to perform human scaled tasks in a household environment, answers queries about household objects, and performs semantic matching between entities from the web knowledge graphs DBpedia, ConceptNet, and WordNet, with the ones existing in our knowledge graph. We offer a set of predefined SPARQL templates that directly address the ontology on which our knowledge retrieval framework is built, and querying capabilities through SPARQL. We evaluated our framework via two different user evaluations.
Minimally invasive posterior locked compression plate osteosynthesis shows excellent results in elderly patients with fragility fractures of the pelvis
Authors: Schmerwitz Imke U. , Jungebluth Philipp , Lehmann Wolfgang , Hockertz Thomas J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP) are common in older patients. We evaluated the clinical outcome of using a minimally invasive posterior locked compression plate (MIPLCP) as therapeutic alternative.

Methods
53 Patients with insufficiency fractures of the posterior pelvic ring were treated with MIPLCP when suffering from persistent pain and immobility under conservative treatment.
After initial X-ray, CT-scans of the pelvis were performed. In some cases an MRI was also performed to detect occult fractures. Postoperatively patients underwent conventional X-ray controls. Data were retrospectively analyzed for surgical and radiation time, complication rate, clinical outcome and compared to the literature.

Results
Patients (average age 79.1 years) underwent surgery with operation time of 52.3 min (SD 13.9), intra-operative X-ray time of 9.42 s (SD 9.6), mean dose length product of 70.1 mGycm (SD 57.9) and a mean hospital stay of 21.2 days (SD 7.7).
13% patients (n = 7) showed surgery-related complications, such as wound infection, prolonged wound secretion, irritation of the sacral root or clinically inapparent screw malpositioning. 17% (n = 9) showed postoperative complications (one patient died due to pneumonia 24 days after surgery, eight patients developed urinal tract infections).
42 patients managed to return to previous living situation. 34 were followed-up after a mean period of 31.5 (6–90) months and pain level at post-hospital examination of 2.4 (VAS) with an IOWA Pelvic Score of 85.6 (55–99).

Conclusion
We showed that MIPLCP osteosynthesis is a safe surgical alternative in patients with FFP 3 and FFP 4. This treatment is another way of maintaining a high level of stability in the osteoporotic pelvic ring with a relatively low complication rate, low radiation and moderate operation time and a good functional outcome.
Probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria obtained from fermented curly kale juice
Authors: Szutowska Julia , Gwiazdowska Daniela 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of the paper was to analyse changes in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) populations during spontaneous fermentation of green curly kale juice (Brasicca oleracea L. var. acephala L.) and to determine the probiotic potential of LAB isolates. The analyses revealed that changes in LAB populations were specific for spontaneously fermented vegetable juices. The initial microbiota, composed mostly of Leuconostoc mesenteroides bacteria, was gradually replaced by Lactobacillus species, mainly Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus sakei, and Lactobacillus coryniformis. Screening tests for the antimicrobial properties and antibiotic susceptibility of isolates allowed for the selection of 12 strains with desirable characteristics. L. plantarum isolates were characterized by the widest spectrum of antimicrobial interactions, both towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Also, L. plantarum strains exhibited the best growth abilities under low pH conditions, and at different NaCl and bile salt concentrations. All strains showed different levels of antibiotic sensitivity, although they were resistant to vancomycin and kanamycin. The present study has shown that bacterial isolates obtained from spontaneously fermented kale juice could constitute valuable probiotic starter cultures, which may be used in fermentation industry.
Comparison of pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and hyperspectral FTIR imaging spectroscopy for the analysis of microplastics
Authors: Primpke Sebastian , Fischer Marten , Lorenz Claudia , Gerdts Gunnar , Scholz-Böttcher Barbara M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAnalysis of microplastics (MP) in environmental samples is an emerging field, which is performed with various methods and instruments based either on spectroscopy or thermoanalytical methods. In general, both approaches result in two different types of data sets that are either mass or particle number related. Depending on detection limits of the respective method and instrumentation the derived polymer composition trends may vary. In this study, we compare the results of hyperspectral Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) imaging analysis and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analysis performed on a set of environmental samples that differ in complexity and degree of microplastic contamination. The measurements were conducted consecutively, and on exactly the same sample. First, the samples were investigated with FTIR using aluminum oxide filters; subsequently, these were crushed, transferred to glass fiber filters, in pyrolysis cups, and measured via Py-GC/MS. After a general data harmonization step, the trends in MP contamination were thoroughly investigated with regard to the respective sample set and the derived polymer compositions. While the overall trends in MP contamination were very similar, differences were observed in the polymer compositions. Furthermore, polymer masses were empirically calculated from FTIR data and compared with the Py-GC/MS results. Here, a most plausible shape-related overestimation of the calculated polymer masses was observed in samples with larger particles and increased particle numbers. Taking into account the different measurement principles of both methods, all results were examined and discussed, and future needs for harmonization of intermethodological results were identified and highlighted.
Clinical implications of increased uptake in bone marrow and spleen on FDG-PET in patients with bacteremia
Authors: Pijl Jordy P. , Kwee Thomas C. , Slart Riemer H. J. A. , Yakar Derya , Wouthuyzen-Bakker Marjan , Glaudemans Andor W. J. M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate which clinical factors and laboratory values are associated with high FDG uptake in the bone marrow and spleen on 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in patients with bacteremia.

Methods
One hundred forty-five consecutive retrospective patients with bacteremia who underwent FDG-PET/CT between 2010 and 2017 were included. Mean standard uptake values (SUVmean) of FDG in bone marrow, liver, and spleen were measured. Bone marrow-to-liver SUV ratios (BLR) and spleen-to-liver SUV ratios (SLR) were calculated. Linear regression analyses were performed to examine the association of BLR and SLR with age, gender, hemoglobin, leukocyte count, platelets, glucose level, C-reactive protein (CRP), microorganism, days of antibiotic treatment before FDG-PET/CT, infection focus, use of immunosuppressive drugs, duration of hospital stay (after FDG-PET/CT), ICU admission, and mortality.

Results
C-reactive protein (p = 0.006), a cardiovascular or musculoskeletal focus of infection (p = 0.000 for both), and bacteremia caused by Gram-negative bacteria (p = 0.002) were independently and positively associated with BLR, while age (p = 0.000) and glucose level before FDG-PET/CT (p = 0.004) were independently and negatively associated with BLR.
For SLR, CRP (p = 0.001) and a cardiovascular focus of infection (p = 0.020) were independently and positively associated with SLR, while age (p = 0.002) and glucose level before FDG-PET/CT (p = 0.016) were independently and negatively associated with SLR.

Conclusion
High FDG uptake in the bone marrow is associated with a higher inflammatory response and younger age in patients with bacteremia. In patients with high FDG uptake in the bone marrow, a cardiovascular or musculoskeletal focus of infection is more likely than other foci, and the infection is more often caused by Gram-negative species. High splenic FDG uptake is associated with a higher inflammatory response as well, and a cardiovascular focus of infection is also more likely in case of high splenic FDG uptake.
Predictors of In‐Hospital Mortality in Surgical Wards: A Multivariable Retrospective Cohort Analysis of 2,800,069 Hospitalizations
Authors: Walicka Magdalena , Tuszyńska Agnieszka , Chlebus Marcin , Sanchak Yaroslav , Śliwczyński Andrzej , Brzozowska Melania , Rutkowski Daniel , Puzianowska‐Kuźnicka Monika , Franek Edward 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying prognostic factors that are predictive of in‐hospital mortality for patients in surgical units may help in identifying high‐risk patients and developing an approach to reduce mortality. This study analyzed mortality predictors based on outcomes obtained from a national database of adult patients.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study design collected data obtained from the National Health Fund in Poland comprised of 2,800,069 hospitalizations of adult patients in surgical wards during one calendar year. Predictors of mortality which were analyzed included: the patient's gender and age, diagnosis‐related group category assigned to the hospitalization, length of the hospitalization, hospital type, admission type, and day of admission.ResultsThe overall mortality rate was 0.8%, and the highest rate was seen in trauma admissions (24.5%). There was an exponential growth in mortality with respect to the patient's age, and male gender was associated with a higher risk of death. Compared to elective admissions, the mortality was 6.9‐fold and 15.69‐fold greater for urgent and emergency admissions (p < 0.0001), respectively. Weekend or bank holiday admissions were associated with a higher risk of death than working day admissions. The “weekend” effect appears to begin on Friday. The highest mortality was observed in less than 1 day emergency cases and with a hospital stay longer than 61 days in any type of admission.ConclusionAge, male gender, emergency admission, and admission on the weekend or a bank holiday are factors associated with greater mortality in surgical units.
Datenkompetenz – Data Literacy
Authors: Ludwig Thomas , Thiemann Hannes 
Published: October 2020

ZusammenfassungUnsere Zeit der sprunghaft anwachsenden Datenmengen in allen Bereichen erfordert die Ausbildung von Datenkompetenz als Schlüsselkompetenz für das 21. Jahrhundert. Kenntnisse zur Datensammlung, zum Datenmanagement, zur Datenevaluation und zur Datenanwendung bilden die Grundlage für einen kompetenten Umgang mit Daten in Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Umfangreiche Datenmengen sind heute in allen Lebensbereichen in Wertschöpfungsketten eingebunden, die es zu gestalten und zu bewerten gilt. Insbesondere im Bereich der Wissenschaftsdaten wird dies auch institutionell unterstützt, um aus Daten neues Wissen und neue Einsichten generieren zu können.
Immunotherapy in prostate cancer: new horizon of hurdles and hopes
Authors: Tsaur Igor , Brandt Maximilian P. , Juengel Eva , Manceau Cécile , Ploussard Guillaume 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in men and the cause for the second most common cancer-related death in the western world. Despite ongoing development of novel approaches such as second generation androgen receptor targeted therapies, metastatic disease is still fatal. In PCa, immunotherapy (IT) has not reached a therapeutic breakthrough as compared to several other solid tumors yet. We aimed at highlighting the underlying cellular mechanisms crucial for IT in PCa and giving an update of the most essential past and ongoing clinical trials in the field.

Methods
We searched for relevant publications on molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the PCa tumor microenvironment and response to IT as well as completed and ongoing IT studies and screened appropriate abstracts of international congresses.

Results
Tumor progression and patient outcomes depend on complex cellular and molecular interactions of the tumor with the host immune system, driven rather dormant in case of PCa. Sipuleucel-T and pembrolizumab are the only registered immune-oncology drugs to treat this malignancy. A plethora of studies assess combination of immunotherapy with other agents or treatment modalities like radiation therapy which might increase its antineoplastic activity. No robust and clinically relevant prognostic or predictive biomarkers have been established yet.

Conclusion
Despite immunosuppressive functional status of PCa microenvironment, current evidence, based on cellular and molecular conditions, encourages further research in this field.
Biotic and abiotic controls on carbon storage in aggregates in calcareous alpine and prealpine grassland soils
Authors: Garcia-Franco Noelia , Walter Roswitha , Wiesmeier Martin , Hurtarte Luis Carlos Colocho , Berauer Bernd Josef , Buness Vincent , Zistl-Schlingmann Marcus , Kiese Ralf , Dannenmann Michael , Kögel-Knabner Ingrid 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlpine and prealpine grasslands provide various ecosystem services and are hotspots for the storage of soil organic C (SOC) in Central Europe. Yet, information about aggregate-related SOC storage and its controlling factors in alpine and prealpine grassland soils is limited. In this study, the SOC distribution according to the aggregate size classes large macroaggregates (> 2000 μm), small macroaggregates (250–2000 μm), microaggregates (63–250 μm), and silt-/clay-sized particles (< 63 μm) was studied in grassland soils along an elevation gradient in the Northern Limestone Alps of Germany. This was accompanied by an analysis of earthworm abundance and biomass according to different ecological niches. The SOC and N stocks increased with elevation and were associated with relatively high proportions of water-stable macroaggregates due to high contents of exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+. At lower elevations, earthworms appeared to act as catalyzers for a higher microaggregate formation. Thus, SOC stabilization by aggregate formation in the studied soils is a result of a joined interaction of organic matter and Ca2+ as binding agents for soil aggregates (higher elevations), and the earthworms that act as promoters of aggregate formation through the secretion of biogenic carbonates (low elevation). Our study highlights the importance of aggregate-related factors as potential indices to evaluate the SOC storage potential in other mountainous grassland soils.Graphical abstract
Inulin supplementation ameliorates hyperuricemia and modulates gut microbiota in Uox-knockout mice
Authors: Guo Yingjie , Yu Yanan , Li Hailong , Ding Xueli , Li Xiaoyu , Jing Xue , Chen Jianwei , Liu Guilin , Lin Yuan , Jiang Chen , Liu Zhen , He Yuwei , Li Changgui , Tian Zibin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Inulin is a type of fermentable dietary fiber, which is non-digestible, and can improve metabolic function by modulating intestinal microbiota. This study aimed to evaluate the role of inulin in hyperuricemia and microbial composition of the gut microbiota in a mouse model of hyperuricemia established through knockout of Uox (urate oxidase) gene.

Methods
KO (Uox-knockout) and WT (wild-type) mice were given inulin or saline by gavage for 7 weeks. The effect of inulin to combat hyperuricemia was determined by assessing the changes in serum UA (uric acid) levels, inflammatory parameters, epithelial barrier integrity, fecal microbiota alterations, and SCFA (short-chain fatty acid) concentrations in KO mice.

Results
Inulin supplementation can effectively alleviate hyperuricemia, increase the expressions of ABCG2 in intestine, and downregulate expression and activity of hepatic XOD (xanthine oxidase) in KO mice. It was revealed that the levels of inflammatory cytokines and the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) were remarkably higher in the KO group than those in the WT group, indicating systemic inflammation of hyperuricemic mice, but inulin treatment ameliorated inflammation in KO mice. Besides, inulin treatment repaired the intestinal epithelial barrier as evidenced by increased levels of intestinal TJ (tight junction) proteins [ZO-1 (zonula occludens-1) and occluding] in KO mice. Moreover, serum levels of uremic toxins, including IS (indoxyl sulfate) and PCS (p-cresol sulfate), were reduced in inulin-treated KO mice. Further investigation unveiled that inulin supplementation enhanced microbial diversity and raised the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, involving SCFAs-producing bacteria (e.g., Akkermansia and Ruminococcus). Additionally, inulin treatment increased the production of gut microbiota-derived SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations) in KO mice, which was positively correlated with the effectiveness of hyperuricemia relief.

Conclusions
Our findings showed that inulin may be a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of hyperuricemia. Moreover, alleviation of hyperuricemia by inulin supplementation was, at least, partially conciliated by modulation of gut microbiota and its metabolites.
Age differences in anticipatory and executory mechanisms of gait initiation following unexpected balance perturbations
Authors: Laudani Luca , Rum Lorenzo , Valle Maria Stella , Macaluso Andrea , Vannozzi Giuseppe , Casabona Antonino 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Purpose
An age-related decline in anticipatory postural mechanisms has been reported during gait initiation; however, it is unclear whether such decline may jeopardize whole-body stability following unexpected balance perturbations. This study aimed to compare young and older individuals’ ability to generate postural responses and preserve stability in response to external waist perturbations delivered within gait initiation.

Methods
Ten young and ten older participants performed 10 gait initiation trials followed by 48 unperturbed and 12 perturbed trials in a random order. A stereophotogrammetric system and three force platforms were used to quantify mechanical parameters from the preparatory phase (e.g., timing and amplitude of postural adjustments) and from the stepping phase (e.g., step characteristics and dynamic stability). Activation patterns of lower leg muscles were determined by surface electromyography.

Results
Older participants responded to perturbation with lower increase in both magnitude (p < 0.001; η2p = 0.62) and duration (p = 0.001; η2p = 0.39) of preparatory parameters and soleus muscle activity (p < 0.001; η2p = 0.55), causing shorter (p < 0.001; η2p = 0.59) and lower (p < 0.001; η2p = 0.43) stepping, compared to young participants. Interestingly, young participants showed greater correlations between preparatory phase parameters and dynamic stability of the first step than older participants (average r of − 0.40 and − 0.06, respectively).

Conclusion
The results suggest that young participants took more time than older to adjust the anticipatory biomechanical response to perturbation attempting to preserve balance during stepping. In contrast, older adults were unable to modify their anticipatory adjustments in response to perturbation and mainly relied on compensatory mechanisms attempting to preserve stability via a more cautious stepping strategy.