bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compressed sensing channel estimation for STBC‐SM based hybrid MIMO‐OFDM system for visible light communication
Authors: B. Manur Vishwaraj , Ali Layak 
Published: March 2020

SummaryThis paper presents the idea of sparse channel estimation using compressed sensing (CS) method for space–time block coding (STBC), and spatially multiplexing (SM) derived hybrid multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) Asymmetrically clipped optical‐orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ACO‐OFDM) optical wireless communication system. This hybrid system accounts multiplexing gain of SM and diversity gain of STBC technique. We present a new variant of sparsity adaptive matching pursuit (SaMP) algorithm called dynamic step‐size SaMP (DSS‐SaMP) algorithm. It makes use of the inherent and implicit structure of SaMP, along with dynamic adaptivity of step‐size feature which is compatible with the energy of the input signal, thus the name dynamic step size. Existing CS‐based recovery algorithms like orthogonal matching pursuit, SaMP, adaptive step‐size SaMP, and proposed DSS‐SaMP were compared for hybrid MIMO‐ACO‐OFDM visible light communication system. The performance analysis is demonstrated through simulation results with respect to bit error rate, symbol error rate, mean square error, computational complexity, and peak‐to‐average power ratio. Simulation results show that the proposed technique gives improved performance and lesser computational complexity in comparison with conventional estimation algorithms.
The aptamer BC 007 for treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy: evaluation in Doberman Pinschers of efficacy and outcomes
Authors: Werner Sabine , Wallukat Gerd , Becker Niels‐Peter , Wenzel Katrin , Müller Johannes , Schimke Ingolf , Wess Gerhard 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsAptamer BC 007, a 15‐mer single‐strand DNA oligonucleotide (5'‐GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG‐3'), was developed to neutralize functional autoantibodies that bind to the extracellular domains of G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCR‐AAB), leading to the modulation of receptor‐mediated signalling cascades that induce pathophysiological states. Among the GPCR‐AAB, there are those directed against the β1‐adrenergic receptor (β1‐AAB) that are highly present in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and are increasingly accepted as disease drivers.Using Doberman Pinschers (DP) with DCM, which possess similarities with human DCM among these β1‐AAB positivity for that the disease‐driving role in DP DCM was demonstrated, the safety of BC 007, efficacy for neutralizing β1‐AAB, and the DP's outcome were investigated.Methods and resultsFourteen client‐owned β1‐AAB‐positive DP with electrocardiographically and echocardiographically indicated DCM were treated with BC 007. For controlling, two groups were created: 14 β1‐AAB‐positive DP with DCM not treated with BC 007 (Control 1) and 14 DP with DCM closely matched to the BC 007‐treated DP (Control 2), retrospectively selected from the institutional database of DP. After treatment, DP were monitored both echocardiographically, and for β1‐AAB, and survival curves were calculated. Based on clinical and laboratory examination, no adverse effects associated with BC 007 treatment were observed during the study. Forty‐eight hours after treatment, the DP's blood was free of β1‐AAB, which led to a reduction or stabilization of left ventricular end‐systolic volume (ESVI) during β1‐AAB free time in 10 of the treated DP. In one DP, where β1‐AAB returned after 3 months and ESVI worsened again, a second BC 007 treatment after 9 months again cleared the blood from β1‐AAB and improved the ESVI. Compared with the controls, DP treated with BC 007 showed a significantly longer survival time [572 days, interquartile range (IQR) 442–840 days] vs. Control group 1 (266 days, IQR 97–438 days; logrank: P = 0.009) and Control group 2 (229 days, IQR 174–319 days; logrank: P = 0.012).ConclusionsTreatment with BC 007 for β1‐AAB neutralization was safe, resulted in a long‐lasting reduction of β1‐AAB combined with improved cardiac function and prolonged the survival of DP with DCM. Using a natural large animal model of DCM considered superior to small animal models of immunization‐induced cardiomyopathy, combined with a study design comparable with clinical trials, we believe that our results provide the basis for optimism that treatment with BC 007 might also be effective in human patients with DCM.
The burden of non‐cardiac comorbidities and association with clinical outcomes in an acute heart failure trial – insights from ASCEND‐HF
Authors: Bhatt Ankeet S. , Ambrosy Andrew P. , Dunning Allison , DeVore Adam D. , Butler Javed , Reed Shelby , Voors Adriaan , Starling Randall , Armstrong Paul W. , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Metra Marco , Hernandez Adrian F. , O'Connor Christopher M. , Mentz Robert J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsNon‐cardiac comorbidities are highly prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF). Our objective was to define the association between non‐cardiac comorbidity burden and clinical outcomes, costs of care, and length of stay within a large randomized trial of acute HF patients.Methods and resultsPatients with complete medical history for the following comorbidities were included: diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic liver disease, history of cancer within the last 5 years, chronic renal disease (baseline serum creatinine >3.0 mg/mL), current smoking, alcohol abuse, depression, anaemia, peripheral arterial disease, and cerebrovascular disease. Patients were classified by overall burden of non‐cardiac comorbidities (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4+). Hierarchical generalized linear models were used to assess associations between comorbidity burden and 30‐day all‐cause death or HF hospitalization and 180‐day all‐cause death in addition to costs of care and length of stay. A total of 6945 patients were included in the final analysis. Mean comorbidity number was 2.2 (± 1.34). Patients with 4+ comorbidities had higher rates of 30‐day all‐cause death/HF hospitalization as compared with patients with no comorbidities [odds ratio (OR) 3.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.61–6.84; P < 0.01]. Similar results were seen with respect to 180‐day death (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.33–3.43; P < 0.01). Higher comorbidity burden was associated with higher 180‐day costs of care and length of
stay.ConclusionsHigher comorbidity burden is associated with poor clinical outcomes, higher costs of care, and extended length of stay. Further studies are needed to define the impact of comorbidity management programmes on outcomes for HF patients.
Predicting the strength of urban-rural clines in a Mendelian polymorphism along a latitudinal gradient
Authors: Santangelo James S. , Thompson Ken A. , Cohan Beata , Syed Jibran , Ness Rob W. , Johnson Marc T. J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCities are emerging as models for addressing the fundamental question of whether populations evolve in parallel to similar environments. Here, we examine the environmental factors that drive the evolution of parallel urban-rural clines in a Mendelian trait—the cyanogenic antiherbivore defense of white clover (Trifolium repens). Previous work suggested urban-rural gradients in frost and snow depth could drive the evolution of reduced hydrogen cyanide (HCN) frequencies in urban populations. Here, we sampled over 700 urban and rural clover populations across 16 cities along a latitudinal transect in eastern North America. In each population, we quantified changes in the frequency of genotypes that produce HCN, and in a subset of the cities we estimated the frequency of the alleles at the two genes (CYP79D15 and Li) that epistatically interact to produce HCN. We then tested the hypothesis that cold climatic conditions are necessary for the evolution of cyanogenesis clines by comparing the strength of clines among cities located along a latitudinal gradient of winter temperature and frost exposure. Overall, half of the cities exhibited urban-rural clines in the frequency of HCN, whereby urban populations evolved lower HCN frequencies. Clines did not evolve in cities with the lowest temperatures and greatest snowfall, supporting the hypothesis that snow buffers plants against winter frost and constrains the formation of clines. By contrast, the strongest clines occurred in the warmest cities where snow and frost are rare, suggesting that alternative selective agents are maintaining clines in warmer cities. Some clines were driven by evolution at only CYP79D15, consistent with stronger and more consistent selection on this locus than on Li. Together, our results demonstrate that urban environments often select for similar phenotypes, but different selective agents and targets underlie the evolutionary response in different cities.
Predictive models for influence of primary delays using high‐speed train operation records
Authors: Li Zhongcan , Huang Ping , Wen Chao , Tang Yixiong , Jiang Xi 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrimary delays are the driving force behind delay propagation, and predicting the number of affected trains (NAT) and the total time of affected trains (TTAT) due to primary delay (PD) can provide reliable decision support for real‐time train dispatching. In this paper, based on real operation data from 2015 to 2016 at several stations along the Wuhan–Guangzhou high‐speed railway, NAT and TTAT influencing factors were determined after analyzing the PD propagation mechanism. The eXtreme Gradient BOOSTing (XGBOOST) algorithm was used to establish a NAT predictive model, and several machine learning methods were compared. The importance of different delayinfluencing factors was investigated. Then, the TTAT predictive model (using support vector regression (SVR) algorithms) was established based on the NAT predictive model. Results indicated that the XGBOOST algorithm performed well with the NAT predictive model, and SVR was the optimal model for TTAT prediction under the verification index (i.e., the ratio of the difference between the actual and predicted value was less than 1/2/3/4/5 min). Real operational data in 2018 were used to test the applicability of the NAT and TTAT models over time, and findings suggest that these models exhibit sound applicability over time based on XGBOOST and SVR, respectively.
Is implied volatility more informative for forecasting realized volatility: An international perspective
Authors: Liang Chao , Wei Yu , Zhang Yaojie 
Published: March 2020

AbstractInspired by the commonly held view that international stock market volatility is equivalent to cross‐market information flow, we propose various ways of constructing two types of information flow, based on realized volatility (RV) and implied volatility (IV), in multiple international markets. We focus on the RVs derived from the intraday prices of eight international stock markets and use a heterogeneous autoregressive framework to forecast the future volatility of each market for 1 day to 22 days ahead. Our Diebold‐Mariano tests provide strong evidence that information flow with IV enhances the accuracy of forecasting international RVs over all of the prediction horizons. The results of a model confidence set test show that a market's own IV and the first principal component of the international IVs exhibit the strongest predictive ability. In addition, the use of information flows with IV can further increase economic returns. Our results are supported by the findings of a wide range of robustness checks.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery for HPV‐associated locoregionally advanced oropharynx cancer
Authors: Sadeghi Nader , Mascarella Marco A. , Khalife Sarah , Ramanakumar Agnihotram V. , Richardson Keith , Joshi Arjun S. , Taheri Reza , Fuson Andrew , Bouganim Nathaniel , Siegel Robert 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundNeoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery (NAC + S), a paradigm based on systemic escalation coupled with surgery‐based de‐escalation, is under investigation for treatment of HPV‐associated oropharynx cancer (OPC).MethodsProspective cohort of patients with non‐metastatic, p16 positive OPC enrolled in a clinical trial of NAC + S was compared to a historic cohort of patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) to compare disease‐free survival (DFS).ResultsFifty‐five patients were treated with NAC + S and 142 with CCRT. Stage‐matched patients undergoing CCRT had higher frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption. 5‐year DFS in the NAC + S group was 96.1% (95% CI 90.8‐100) compared to 67.6% (95% CI 50.7‐84.5) for CCRT (P = .01). At 12 months from treatment, 24.5% of patients undergoing CCRT and none of the patients in the NAC + S were feeding tube dependent (P < .0001).ConclusionNAC + S may be a novel approach for HPV‐associated OPC as it provides lower feeding tube dependence and improved survival compared to stage‐matched patients undergoing CCRT.
Institutional experience of 200 consecutive papillary thyroid carcinoma patients in transoral robotic thyroidectomy surgeries
Authors: Park Dawon , Kim Hoon Yub , Kim Hong Kyu , You Ji‐Young , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Russell Jonathon O. , Tufano Ralph P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the outcomes of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) who underwent transoral robotic thyroidectomy (TORT).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the perioperative outcomes of 200 patients (170 women and 30 men) with PTC who underwent TORT at a single center between March 2016 and February 2018.ResultsThere were 182 and 13 cases of lobectomy and total thyroidectomy, respectively, with corresponding mean operative times of 200.6 ± 31.2 and 265.7 ± 63.0 minutes. On average, 5.6 ± 3.45 lymph nodes were retrieved per patient. There were 12 cases of perioperative morbidity. No conversion to endoscopic or conventional open surgery was noted. In a subgroup analysis for predictors of difficult TORT, patient sex was the only factor showing a significant operative time difference between a difficult and a nondifficult thyroidectomy.ConclusionTORT can be performed safely in patients with PTC without serious complications.
Clinical management of emerging sinonasal malignancies
Authors: Contrera Kevin J. , Woody Neil M. , Rahman Mobeen , Sindwani Raj , Burkey Brian B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSeveral emerging sinonasal malignancies have recently been described in the pathology literature. Although not all distinctly classified by the World Health Organization, these rare tumors present a management challenge to surgeons and oncologists. While prior studies have summarized histologic details, a clinically focused review is currently lacking in the literature. This review describes the presentation, histopathology, imaging, treatment, and prognosis of newly described or recently evolving sinonasal malignancies while highlighting the distinguishing features of these entities. It includes teratocarcinosarcoma, human papillomavirus‐related multiphenotypic carcinoma, biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma, sinonasal renal cell‐like adenocarcinoma, NUT‐midline carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma associated with inverted papilloma, sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, and INI‐1‐deficient sinonasal carcinoma. By describing the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of these recently defined entities, this clinical review aims to help guide oncologists in the clinical management of these patients.
Neurologic sequelae following radiation with and without chemotherapy for oropharyngeal cancer: Patient reported outcomes study
Authors: Garden Adam S. , Kamal Mona , Mohamed Abdallah S. R. , Frank Steven J. , Lewin Jan S. , Lai Stephen Y. , Morrison William H. , Phan Jack , Ferrarotto Renata , Rosenthal David I. , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Fuller Clifton D. , Gunn Gary B. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is little data describing neurocognitive late sequelae in patients treated for oropharyngeal cancer.MethodsUsing PROs, scores for “numbness/tingling” and “difficulty remembering” were assessed. Wilcoxon testing was utilized to compare mean assessment scores (1‐10) between treatment subgroups.ResultsFour‐hundred ninety‐seven patients were evaluated and 267 (54%) received chemotherapy. The mean score for numbness/tingling for patients receiving radiation alone was 0.99 and for each chemotherapy subgroup were: Induction chemotherapy (IC), 1.35 (n = 99); concurrent chemotherapy (CCRT), 1.04 (n = 111) and IC + CCRT, 2.48 (n = 57); 30% of patients who received IC + CCRT had scores ≥5. The mean scores for difficulty remembering were XRT: 1.44, chemotherapy: 1.45, and IC + CCRT subgroup: 2.42.ConclusionsThe symptom burden related to peripheral neuropathy and cognitive complaints was minimal. A minority of patients reported high burdens. Particularly, 30% of patients receiving IC + CCRT described moderate to severe numbness/tingling.
Bi‐institutional experience of transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy: Challenges and outcomes
Authors: Hong Yong Tae , Ahn Jong‐hyuk , Kim Jae Hwan , Yi Jin Wook , Hong Ki Hwan 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundTransoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) is a novel remote‐access endoscopic approach. In this study, we compared the surgical outcomes of TOETVA with those of conventional transcervical approach (TCA) in two tertiary hospitals.MethodsA total of 82 patients were done by TOETVA and 233 patients received TCA between January 2018 and April 2019. Propensity score matching was used to reduce selection bias.ResultsOperation time of the TOETVA group was longer than that of the TCA group. The mean number or retrieved lymph nodes were significantly higher in the TOETVA group. No significant difference was observed in the overall perioperative complications.ConclusionTOETVA is technically acceptable when compared to TCA in terms of equal baseline characteristics of patients. Although future large‐scale multicenter studies with longer follow‐up periods are needed, we expect this novel technique can be performed not only for cosmetic purposes but also for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Interleukins 6/8 and cyclooxygenase‐2 release and expressions are regulated by oxidative stress‐JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to particulate matter ≤2.5 μm
Authors: Xu Zhenzhen , Wu Hongyan , Zhang Hongmei , Bai Jianying , Zhang Zhihong 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAtmospheric particulate matter with a diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) can induce inflammation of the respiratory system, which is the pathological basis of asthma or other respiratory diseases; however, the underlying regulation mechanism has not been clearly addressed. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of the oxidative stress‐JAK/STAT signaling pathway in the inflammation of human bronchial epithelial cells induced by PM2.5. The human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE cells were stimulated with PM2.5 at 50 and 100 μg/mL doses for 12 or 24 hours. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected using flow cytometry. Gene and protein expressions of JAK2, STAT3 and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) were determined using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively. The ratio of intracellular glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) and the levels of interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐8 in cellular supernatant were analyzed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The results indicated that PM2.5 treatment significantly increased gene expressions of JAK2/STAT3 and protein levels of p‐JAK2/p‐STAT3, accompanied by increased intracellular ROS levels, decreased GSH/GSSG ratio at 50 and 100 μg/mL of PM2.5, and significantly enhanced levels of IL‐6, IL‐8 and COX‐2 at a dose of 100 μg/mL. Pretreatment with N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine (NAC) attenuated the oxidative stress induced by PM2.5; similarly, pretreatment with AG490 (an inhibitor of JAK) decreased the cytokine levels stimulated by PM2.5. Therefore, we concluded that PM2.5 exposure could activate oxidative stress‐JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, elevate the levels of IL‐6, IL‐8 and COX‐2 in 16HBE cells, which can be inhibited by the NAC or AG490.
Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 34 Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation by Regulating NF-κB Signaling
Authors: Li Qiwen , Wang Mengyuan , Xue Hanxiao , Liu Weiqing , Guo Yuchen , Xu Ruoshi , Shao Bin , Yuan Quan 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
The ubiquitination and deubiquitination enzymes ensure the stability and proper function of most cellular proteins. Disturbance of either enzyme compromises tissue homeostasis. We recently have identified that the ubiquitin-specific protease 34 (USP34) contributes to bone formation by promoting osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, its role in bone resorption, which couples bone formation, remains unknown. Here we show that knockdown of Usp34 promotes osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7 cells. Conditional knockout of Usp34 in bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMMs) or in osteoclasts leads to elevated osteoclast function and low bone mass. Mechanically, we identify that USP34 restrains NF-κB signaling by deubiquitinating and stabilizing the NF-κB inhibitor alpha (IκBα). Overexpression of IκBα represses osteoclastic hyperfunction of Usp34-deficient RAW264.7 cells. Collectively, our results show that USP34 inhibits osteoclastogenesis by regulating NF-κB signaling. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Postnatal Conditional Deletion of Bmal1 in Osteoblasts Enhances Trabecular Bone Formation Via Increased BMP2 Signals
Authors: Qian Zhuang , Zhang Ying , Kang Xiaomin , Li Huixia , Zhang Yan , Jin Xinxin , Gao Xin , Xu Mao , Ma Zhengmin , Zhao Liting , Zhang Zhuanmin , Sun Hongzhi , Wu Shufang 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT
A large number of studies in recent years indicated the involvement of peripheral circadian clock in varied pathologies. However, evidence regarding how peripheral clocks regulate bone metabolism is still very limited. The present study aimed to investigate the direct role of Bmal1 (the key activator of peripheral circadian clock system) in vivo during bone developmental and remodeling stages using inducible osteoblast-specific Bmal1 knockout mice. Unexpectedly, the removal of Bmal1 in osteoblasts caused multiple abnormalities of bone metabolism, including a progressive increase in trabecular bone mass in as early as 8 weeks, manifested by an 82.3% increase in bone mineral density and 2.8-fold increase in bone volume per tissue volume. As mice age, an increase in trabecular bone mass persists while cortical bone mass decreases by about 33.7%, concomitant with kyphoscoliosis and malformed intervertebral disk. The increased trabecular bone mass is attributed to increased osteoblast number and osteoblast activity coupled with decreased osteoclastogenesis. Remarkably, the ablation of Bmal1 in osteoblasts promoted the expression level of Bmp2 and phosphorylation of SMAD1, whereas the attenuation of BMP2/SMAD1 signaling partially alleviated the effects of Bmal1 deficiency on osteoblast differentiation and activity. The results revealed that Bmal1 was a transcriptional silencer of Bmp2 by targeting the Bmp2 promoter. The peripheral clock gene Bmal1 in osteoblasts was crucial to coordinate differential effects on trabecular and cortical bones through regulating BMP2/SMAD1 during bone development, thus providing novel insights into a key role of osteoblast Bmal1 in homeostasis and integrity of adult bones. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.