bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Q-TOF LC/MS-based Untargeted Metabolomics Approach to Evaluate the Effect of Folate-Conjugated Cyclodextrins on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Varol Işıl , Kaplan Ozan , Erdoğar Nazlı , Öncül Selin , Nielsen Thorbjorn Terndrup , Ercan Ayşe , Bilensoy Erem , Çelebier Mustafa 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Breast cancer is a heterogenic disease that comprises of various morphologies
with intrinsic subtypes and is principally responsible for casualties among female cancer patients.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype with a high probability
of relapsing, hence successful treatment can be quite challenging. The pathogenesis of TNBC remains
ambiguous and the identification of dependable biomarkers for its early diagnosis is crucial
to design a strategy for therapeutic armamentarium.

Objective:
To clarify the folate-dependent mechanism of action causing cell death and to unravel
the potential biomarkers of TNBC to defeat this consequential public health burden.

Methods:
The MTT assay and the morphological examination via microscopy were carried out to
examine the viability of the cells upon the administration of the blank folate-conjugated cyclodextrin
nanoparticles. An untargeted metabolomic approach using Q-TOF LC/MS was performed. Multivariate
analysis of the metabolomic profile was applied to the MDA-MB-231 cell line with the
aim of comparing the untreated cells with the folate-conjugated cyclodextrin nanoparticles applied
cells to detect possible biomarkers.

Results:
The spectrophotometric and microscopic analyses revealed that MDA-MB-231 cells underwent
early apoptosis following the incubation with the folate-conjugated nanoparticles for 24 h
of administration. Moreover, metabolomics profiling pointed out that hexose metabolism was significantly
altered. Data mining procedures showed that glycolysis, mannose, fructose, and galactose
were the most affected pathways in TNBC upon blank folate-conjugated cyclodextrin nanoparticle
administration and this effect was determined to be cell-specific. A perturbed hexose pathway may
be the explanation of selective cell death and decelerated cell growth seen in TNBC cells.

Conclusions:
Our study offers a new understanding of the underlying mechanisms of TNBC since
we hereby provide evidence that hexose is one of the main driving forces for the metabolic mechanism
over TNBC cells. This alternative mechanistic approach may markedly increase the effect of
chemotherapy on TNBC.
Controller for the Pulverizing System Based on Intelligent Virtual Reference Feedback Tuning
Authors: Wang Ling , Li Dengji , Hu Xuelian , Zhang Pinggai , Menhas Muhammad I. 
Published: October 2020

Background::
The pulverizing system is an important part of the coal-fired unit; the safety
and efficient operation of which are essential to improve the economy of the units. Due to the
needs of industrial development, the pulverizing system has become increasingly complex, and it is
challenging to design the optimal controllers based on traditional model-based methods.

Objective::
This paper proposes an improved intelligent data-driven control method to design the
optimal controller for the pulverizing system, which does not need any information on the model.

Methods::
The proposed method is based on intelligent virtual reference feedback tuning and a new
adaptive human learning optimization algorithm, in which adaptive human learning optimization is
used to find the best values of the controller as well as the reference model to achieve the optimal
control performance. The proposed method only needs a set of input and output data of the system
and can avoid the influence of the model error.

Results::
The results of the CEC14 benchmark functions show that the proposed algorithm possesses
a better searchability than the other five binary-coding optimization algorithms. Furthermore, the
simulation results on the pulverizing system demonstrate that the presented method has advantages
over different control methods, including the model-based PID methods, Z-N method and so on.

Conclusion::
The proposed method can easily and efficiently design the optimal controller without
any model information, and it can save a lot of efforts and time for engineering applications. Therefore,
it is a very promising control method.
Wearability Testing of Ambulatory Vital Sign Monitoring Devices: Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Areia Carlos , Young Louise , Vollam Sarah , Ede Jody , Santos Mauro , Tarassenko Lionel , Watkinson Peter 
Published: October 2020

Background
Timely recognition of patient deterioration remains challenging. Ambulatory monitoring systems (AMSs) may provide support to current monitoring practices; however, they need to be thoroughly tested before implementation in the clinical environment for early detection of deterioration.

Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the wearability of a selection of commercially available AMSs to inform a future prospective study of ambulatory vital sign monitors in an acute hospital ward.

Methods
Five pulse oximeters (4 with finger probes and 1 wrist-worn only, collecting pulse rates and oxygen saturation) and 2 chest patches (collecting heart rates and respiratory rates) were selected to be part of this study: The 2 chest-worn patches were VitalPatch (VitalConnect) and Peerbridge Cor (Peerbridge); the 4 wrist-worn devices with finger probe were Nonin WristOx2 3150 (Nonin), Checkme O2+ (Viatom Technology), PC-68B, and AP-20 (both from Creative Medical); and the 1 solely wrist-worn device was Wavelet (Wavelet Health). Adult participants wore each device for up to 72 hours while performing usual “activities of daily living” and were asked to score the perceived exertion and perception of pain or discomfort by using the Borg CR-10 scale; thoughts and feelings caused by the AMS using the Comfort Rating Scale (CRS); and to provide general free text feedback. Median and IQRs were reported and nonparametric tests were used to assess differences between the devices’ CRS scores.

Results
Quantitative scores and feedback were collected in 70 completed questionnaires from 20 healthy volunteers, with each device tested approximately 10 times. The Wavelet seemed to be the most wearable device (P<.001) with an overall median (IQR) CRS score of 1.00 (0.88). There were no statistically significant differences in wearability between the chest patches in the CRS total score; however, the VitalPatch was superior in the Attachment section (P=.04) with a median (IQR) score of 3.00 (1.00). General pain and discomfort scores and total percentage of time worn are also reflective of this.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that adult participants prefer to wear wrist-worn pulse oximeters without a probe compressing the fingertip and they prefer to wear a smaller chest patch. A compromise between wearability, reliability, and accuracy should be made for successful and practical integration of AMSs within the hospital environment.
Implementation of a Self-Triage Web Application for Suspected COVID-19 and Its Impact on Emergency Call Centers: Observational Study
Authors: Galmiche Simon , Rahbe Eve , Fontanet Arnaud , Dinh Aurélien , Bénézit François , Lescure François-Xavier , Denis Fabrice 
Published: October 2020

Background
We developed a self-triage web application for COVID-19 symptoms, which was launched in France in March 2020, when French health authorities recommended all patients with suspected COVID-19 call an emergency phone number.

Objective
Our objective was to determine if a self-triage tool could reduce the burden on emergency call centers and help predict increasing burden on hospitals.

Methods
Users were asked questions about their underlying conditions, sociodemographic status, postal code, and main COVID-19 symptoms. Participants were advised to call an emergency call center if they reported dyspnea or complete loss of appetite for over 24 hours. Data on COVID-19–related calls were collected from 6 emergency call centers and data on COVID-19 hospitalizations were collected from Santé Publique France and the French Ministry of Health. We examined the change in the number of emergency calls before and after the launch of the web application.

Results
From March 17 to April 2, 2020, 735,419 questionnaires were registered in the study area. Of these, 121,370 (16.5%) led to a recommendation to call an emergency center. The peak number of overall questionnaires and of questionnaires leading to a recommendation to call an emergency center were observed on March 22, 2020. In the 17 days preceding the launch of the web application, emergency call centers in the study area registered 66,925 COVID-19–related calls and local hospitals admitted 639 patients for COVID-19; the ratio of emergency calls to hospitalizations for COVID-19 was 104.7 to 1. In the 17 days following the launch of the web application, there were 82,347 emergency calls and 6009 new hospitalizations for COVID-19, a ratio of 13.7 calls to 1 hospitalization (chi-square test: P<.001).

Conclusions
The self-triage web application launch was followed by a nearly 10-fold increase in COVID-19–related hospitalizations with only a 23% increase in emergency calls. The peak of questionnaire completions preceded the peak of COVID-19–related hospitalizations by 5 days. Although the design of this study does not allow us to conclude that the self-triage tool alone contributed to the alleviation of calls to the emergency call centers, it does suggest that it played a role, and may be used for predicting increasing burden on hospitals.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04331171; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04331171
Personalized Monitoring Model for Electrocardiogram Signals: Diagnostic Accuracy Study
Authors: Kotorov Rado , Chi Lianhua , Shen Min 
Published: October 2020

Background
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for remote electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring has increased drastically in an attempt to prevent the spread of the virus and keep vulnerable individuals with less severe cases out of hospitals. Enabling clinicians to set up remote patient ECG monitoring easily and determining how to classify the ECG signals accurately so relevant alerts are sent in a timely fashion is an urgent problem to be addressed for remote patient monitoring (RPM) to be adopted widely. Hence, a new technique is required to enable routine and widespread use of RPM, as is needed due to COVID-19.

Objective
The primary aim of this research is to create a robust and easy-to-use solution for personalized ECG monitoring in real-world settings that is precise, easily configurable, and understandable by clinicians.

Methods
In this paper, we propose a Personalized Monitoring Model (PMM) for ECG data based on motif discovery. Motif discovery finds meaningful or frequently recurring patterns in patient ECG readings. The main strategy is to use motif discovery to extract a small sample of personalized motifs for each individual patient and then use these motifs to predict abnormalities in real-time readings of that patient using an artificial logical network configured by a physician.

Results
Our approach was tested on 30 minutes of ECG readings from 32 patients. The average diagnostic accuracy of the PMM was always above 90% and reached 100% for some parameters, compared to 80% accuracy for the Generalized Monitoring Models (GMM). Regardless of parameter settings, PMM training models were generated within 3-4 minutes, compared to 1 hour (or longer, with increasing amounts of training data) for the GMM.

Conclusions
Our proposed PMM almost eliminates many of the training and small sample issues associated with GMMs. It also addresses accuracy and computational cost issues of the GMM, caused by the uniqueness of heartbeats and training issues. In addition, it addresses the fact that doctors and nurses typically do not have data science training and the skills needed to configure, understand, and even trust existing black box machine learning models.
Automated Mobile Telecom Cell Sites System
Authors: Egho-Promise Ehigiator Iyobor , Ola Bamidele 
Published: October 2020

Telecommunication is the transmission of traffic from one place to another in a network through a media using mobile station. Cell site is referred to as the base station of telecommunication, it is part of telecom network that allow subscribers to access services from the telecom service providers.
Cell sites depend on core network and transmission system to function, it is not a standalone network. It is the interface between mobile station and the network (core network and transmission system).
In this research, an automated mobile telecom cell site system will be designed and developed. The system will help to provide accurate and reliable online information about cell sites equipment and determine profit or loss from cell sites.
Qualitative research approach will be used in the study while interview will be employed to collect data.
A tale of two pneumothoraces
Authors: Aujayeb Avinash , Jackson Karl 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Two male patients, one with small cell lung cancer and one with squamous cell lung cancer, presented within a few days of each other with incidental pneumothoraces on their routine staging computed tomograms.

Case Presentation:
Both patients were sent to the accident and emergency from the radiology department. The patient with small cell lung cancer was seen out of hours, had a chest drain, and was admited. The drain fell out with resultant extensive surgical emphysema. Specialist pleural advice was sought and instead of further interventions, simple observation in a place of safety enabled resolution of the pneumothorax, the surgical emphysema and symptoms. The second patient was seen within working hours with specialist pleural advice: simple observation over time allowed resolution of symptoms.

Conclusion:
We hence describe the harm that a chest drain performed out of hours caused harm.
KONTRIBUSI INDUSTRI KEUANGAN NON-BANK (IKNB) KONVENSIONAL DAN SYARIAH TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA
Authors: Faza Nabila Ilmalina , Wibowo Muhammad Ghafur 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis research aims to empirically examine the contributions of Conventional Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries (Conventional NBFIs) and Islamic Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries (Islamic NBFIs) development on economic growth in Indonesia. This study used Vector Autoregression (VAR) and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to test the causality and long-run relationship between the two intermediaries by using time series data over the period spanning 2014 to 2017. The results show an evidence of bidirectional causality view and a long-run relationship between the development of Conventional Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries (Conventional NBFIs) and Islamic Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries (Islamic NBFIs) on economic growth in Indonesia. The result also proves that Islamic Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries (Islamic NBFIs) is more resistant to economic growth shock than Conventional Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries (Conventional NBFIs). Keywords: Conventional NBFIs, Islamic NBFIs, Economic Growth AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontribusi perkembangan Industri Keuangan Non-Bank (IKNB) Konvensional dan Industri Keuangan Non-Bank (IKNB) Syariah pada pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan Vector Autoregression (VAR) pada Industri Keuangan Non-Bank (IKNB) Konvensional dan Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) pada Industri Keuangan Non-Bank (IKNB) Syariah untuk menguji hubungan kausalitas dan jangka panjang antara keduanya terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data time series bulanan dari periode 2014 hingga 2017. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan kausalitas dua arah (bidirectional causality view) dan hubungan jangka panjang antara perkembangan IKNB baik Konvensional maupun Syariah terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Hasil penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa IKNB Syariah lebih tahan terhadap shock dari pertumbuhan ekonomi dibandingkan IKNB Konvensional. Kata Kunci: IKNB Konvensional, IKNB Syariah, Pertumbuhan ekonomi
Comprensión, interpretación y corrección del pospretérito periodístico de probabilidad futura en bachillerato
Authors: Hernández Rodríguez Ernesto 
Published: October 2020

Este estudio presenta las consideraciones de 45 estudiantes de bachillerato en torno a la comprensión e interpretación de la conjugación en pospretérito en el uso periodístico para informar situaciones potenciales futuras, sin un compromiso sobre su veracidad, como algo no confirmado, por ejemplo: “El presidente visitaría Europa en junio”. En las actividades realizadas, tres grupos de 15 estudiantes trabajaron con un texto periodístico representativo cada uno. Este recurso verbal produce ambigüedad cuando carece de contextualización del significado adverbial de probabilidad futura. La metodología incluye un cuestionario para la comprensión e interpretación verbal, retroalimentación y la opción de corregir las conjugaciones consideradas confusas. El método de análisis contempla categorías sobre la conjugación y la intencionalidad verbal. Los resultados evidencian las dificultades para comprender y emplear el uso periodístico del pospretérito. Las modificaciones realizadas en el texto muestran intentos por eliminar este recurso y, en su lugar, emplear opciones verbales para unificar los significados de certeza o de potencialidad futura.
Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi terhadap Kadar Fenol dan Flavonoid Total, Aktivitas Antioksidan serta Antilipase Daun Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia)
Authors: Nuri Nuri , Puspitasari Endah , Hidayat Mochammad Amrun , Ningsih Indah Yulia , Triatmoko Bawon , Dianasari Dewi 
Published: October 2020

Daun Guazuma ulmifolia telah digunakan secara tradisional untuk antiobesitas. Aktivitas antiobesitas dipengaruhi oleh kandungan senyawa bioaktif. Ekstraksi adalah langkah utama untuk mendapatkan senyawa bioaktif. Metode dan pelarut ekstraksi merupakan faktor penting untuk menghasilkan ekstrak dengan jumlah kandungan senyawa aktif yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar fenol dan flavonoid total dari ekstrak etanol, rebusan, dan infusa daun G. ulmifolia serta untuk menentukan aktivitas antioksidan serta antilipase. Metode Folin-Ciocalteu digunakan untuk menentukan kadar fenol total, sedangkan penentuan kadar flavonoid total dilakukan menggunakan uji kolorimetri aluminium klorida. Aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan dengan metode 2,2-difenil-1-pikrillhidrazil (DPPH), dan aktivitas antilipase dikuantifikasi secara kolorimetri berdasarkan pelepasan p-nitrofenol dari substrat p-nitrofenil butirat (p-NPB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rebusan memiliki rendemen tertinggi (10,50%). Sebaliknya, ekstrak etanol menunjukkan total kandungan fenolik tertinggi (67,761 ± 1,811 mg GAE/g ekstrak) dan total kandungan flavonoid tertinggi (124,643 ± 1,033 mg QE/g ekstrak). Ekstrak yang sama juga menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan dan aktivitas antilipase tertinggi (IC50 berturut-turut 6,544 ± 0,271 μg/mL dan 307,280 ± 21,430 μg/mL).
Classification of internal carotid artery injuries during endoscopic endonasal approaches to the skull base
Authors: Bafaquh Mohammed , Khairy Sami , Alyamany Mahmoud , Alobaid Abdullah , Alzhrani Gmaan , Alkhaibary Ali , Aldhafeeri Wafa F. , Alaman Areej A. , Aljohani Hanan N. , Elahi Basim Noor , Alghabban Fatimah A. , Orz Yasser , Alturki Abdulrahman Y. 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Internal carotid artery (ICA) injuries are a major complication of endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs), which can be difficult to manage. Adding to the management difficulty is the lack of literature describing the surgical anatomical classification of these types of injuries. This article proposing a novel classification of ICA injuries during EEAs.

Methods:
The classification of ICA injuries during EEAs was generated from the review of the literature and analysis of the main author observation of ICA injuries in general. All published cases of ICA injuries during EEAs in the literature between January 1990 and January 2020 were carefully reviewed. We reviewed all patients’ demographic features, preoperative diagnoses, modes of injury, cerebral angiography results, surgical and medical management techniques, and reported functional outcomes.

Results:
There were 31 papers that reported ICA injuries during EEAs in the past three decades, most studies did not document the type of injury, and few described major laceration type of it. From that review of the literature, we classified ICA injuries into three main categories (Types I-III) and six sub-types. Type I is ICA branch injury, Type II is a penetrating injury to the ICA, and Type III is a laceration of the ICA wall. The functional neurological outcome was found to be worse with Type III and better with Type I.

Conclusion:
This is a novel classification system for ICA injuries during EEAs; it defines the patterns of injury. It could potentially lead to advancements in the management of ICA injuries in EEAs and facilitate communication to develop guidelines.
Frequency, recognition, and management of postoperative hematomas following anterior cervical spine surgery: A review
Authors: Epstein Nancy 
Published: October 2020

Background:
We reviewed the frequency, recognition, and management of postoperative hematomas (HT) (i.e. retropharyngeal [RFH], wound [WH], and/or spinal epidural hematomas [SEH]) following anterior cervical discectomy/fusion (ACDF), anterior corpectomy fusion (ACF), and/or anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS).

Methods:
Postoperative cervical hematomas following ACDF, ACF, and ACSS ranged from 0.4% to 1.2% in a series of 11 studies involving a total of 44, 030 patients. These included; 4 single case reports, 2 small case series (6 and 30 cases), 4 larger series (758–2375 for a total of 6729 patients), an a large NSQUIP (National Surgical Quality Improvement Program ) Database involving 37,261 ACDF patients.

Results:
Risk factors contributing to postoperative cervical hematomas included; DISH (diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis), ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), therpeutic heparin levels, longer operative times, multilevel surgery, ASA Scores of +/= 3, (American Society of Anesthesiologists), prone surgery, operative times > 4 hours, smoking, higher/lower body mass index (BMI), anemia, age >65, > medical comorbidities, and male gender. Notably, the use of drains did not prevent HT, and did not increase the infection, or reoperation rates.

Conclusion:
In our review of 11 studies focused on anterior cervical surgery, the incidence of postoperative hematomas ranged from 0.4 to 1.2%. Early recognition of these postoperative hemorrhages, and appropriate management (surgical/non-surgical) are critical to optimize recovery, and limit morbidity, and mortality.