bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Executives' pay–performance link in China: evidence from independent and gender-diverse compensation committees
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Siddique Muhammad Abubakkar , Makki Muhammad Abdul Majid , Gull Ammar Ali , Dardour Ali , Yin Junming 
Published: July 2020

PurposeIn this paper, the authors investigate whether an independent and gender-diverse compensation committee strengthens the relationship between top managers' pay and firm performance in Chinese companies. The authors also investigate whether the independent compensation committee composed of all male directors is effective in designing the optimal contract for executives.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use data from A-share listed companies on the Shenzhen and Shanghai stock exchanges from 2005 to 2015. As a baseline methodology, the authors use pooled ordinary least square (OLS) regression to draw inferences. In addition, cluster OLS regression, two-stage least square regression, the two-stage Heckman test and the propensity score matching method are also used to control for endogeneity issues.FindingsThe authors find evidence that an independent or gender-diverse compensation committee strengthens the link between top managers' pay and firm performance; that the presence of a woman on the compensation committee enhances the positive influence of committee independence on this relationship; that a compensation committee's independence or gender diversity is more effective in designing top managers' compensation in legal-person-controlled firms than they are in state-controlled firms; that gender diversity on the compensation committee is negatively associated with top managers' total pay; and that an independent compensation committee pays top managers more.Practical implicationsThe study results highlight the role of an independent compensation committee in designing optimal contracts for top managers. The authors provide empirical evidence that a woman on the compensation committee strengthens its objectivity in determining top managers' compensation. The study finding supports regulatory bodies' recommendations regarding independent and women directors.Social implicationsThe study findings contribute to the recent debate about gender equality around the globe. Given the discrimination against women, many regulatory bodies mandate a quota for women on corporate boards. The study findings support the regulatory bodies' recommendations by highlighting the economic benefit of having women in top management positions.Originality/valueThis study contributes to literature by investigating the largely overlooked questions of whether having a gender-diverse or independent compensation committee strengthens the relationship between top managers' pay and firm performance; whether an independent compensation committee is more efficient in setting executives' pay when it is gender-diverse; and whether the effect of independent directors and female directors on top managers' compensation varies based on the firm's ownership structure. Overall, the main contribution of the study is that the authors provide robust empirical evidence in support of the managerial power axiom.
Do buzz and evidence really matter in product preannouncements? An empirical test of two competing theories
Authors: Mishra Debi P. , Atav Gizem , Dalman M. Deniz 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate if product pre-announcement effects measured using stock market returns conform to the predictions of two competing consumer marketing theories. In particular, while buzz marketing theory indicates a direct positive effect, information asymmetry theory suggests an influence contingent upon evidence. The study also investigates whether a pecking order of performance effects exists across different signaling situations.Design/methodology/approachThe final sample consists of 219 product-preannouncements reported in theWall Street Journalbetween 2005 and 2015. The standard event study methodology was used to test for performance effects.FindingsThe results show that preannouncements with evidence alone significantly outperform those with buzz alone, and announcements containing buzz and evidence. Also, buzz acts as a salient moderator of the relationship between evidence and performance. In addition, company size also affects the evidence-performance relationship, with smaller firms benefiting more from evidence than larger firms.Research limitations/implicationsThe event study method assumes efficient markets and deals with publicly traded companies.Practical implicationsManagers can allocate resources wisely by deciding whether to invest in evidence or buzz in their pre-announcements.Originality/valueIn contrast to extant research that primarily investigates contingency effects, this study identifies how an important moderator, i.e. buzz affects performance.
Rent dynamics in France between 1970 and 2013
Authors: Pourcelot Alexis , Coën Alain , Malle Richard , Simon Arnaud 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to highlight the determinants of market rents and to build a hedonic market rent index for each urban area and rental sector in France for the period 1970–2013. The authors also analyse the market rent dynamics over this period, with a special attention to the turning points in the French housing policy.Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, the authors implement a hedonic model, called stratified time dummy variable, using the Box–Cox transformation as a functional form.FindingsThe contribution of this study to the housing research is threefold: First, the study improves our understanding of the French’s rental submarket specificities and their valuation. It sheds new light on the determinants of rents. Second, this study builds a hedonic market rent index over the period 1970–2013 for each geographical and sectoral segment (Paris urban area, urban areas of more and less than 100,000 inhabitants and private and public rental sectors). Third, this study explains rent dynamics focusing on the turning points in the French housing policy.Originality/valueFinally, the authors provide the first long-term market rent index in France by submarket (geographical and sectoral). In the case of the French market, no long-term market rent exists. The only long series available is an indexed rent.
The need for anti-corruption policies in developing countries
Authors: Brody Richard G. , Gupta Gaurav , Ekofo Angela N. , Ogunade Kehinde Mayokun 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
In this study, the authors examine the issue of corruption in the government institutions of developing countries. Additionally, this study aims to answer the following research question: How do developing countries implement and enforce these anti-corruption policies? Specifically, the authors look at the laws adopted in different developing countries to deal with issues related to corruption.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use the qualitative approach to examine the causes of recent corruption among government officials in developing countries such as Nigeria, India, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda. A comparative approach was used to compare and contrast the anti-corruption practices of developing and developed countries.

Findings
The findings indicate that corruption is rampant in much of the developing world. On a positive note, the authors have found evidence of actions taken by governments in these developing economies to rapidly deal with issues of corruption. All the countries analyzed in this paper have developed anti-corruption policies and related acts to detect and punish the perpetrators of corruption.

Originality/value
This paper provides a greater insight as to how the anti-corruption policies are formulated and enforced in the developing world. Specifically, the authors provide examples of different emerging countries and their approaches to developing and enforcing anti-corruption policies. This guidance can help others around the world to deal with anti-corruption policies in their countries. Although the authors have learned a lot about the detrimental effects of corruption and laws enacted to combat it, the next step is to examine the processes used by the developing countries to develop these anti-corruption laws and policies.
Offender personality disorder pathway screening tools evaluation
Authors: Mawby Zoe , Newman Andrew , Wilkinson-Tough Megan 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The offender personality disorder (OPD) pathway faces the difficult task of identifying individuals who are eligible for their service from the entire probation caseload. The offender assessment system personality disorder (OASys PD) screen is a national screening tool used by the pathway to help with this task. This paper aims to describe an evaluation of the effectiveness of this plus an additional screening tool currently used to identify eligible individuals for the OPD service in the South of England. Recommendations for improvements were made as necessary.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed methods design used a quantitative analysis of data on the effectiveness of the OASys PD for correctly identifying individuals and a thematic analysis of a focus-group conducted with clinicians within the service.

Findings
The analysis revealed a positive predictive value of the OASys PD screen of 72% and a negative predictive value of 91%. Key themes from the focus-group revealed what worked well about the screening process, what was difficult and what needed to be improved.

Practical implications
The OASys PD performed better than the clinicians had expected. It was recommended that the service continued to use the combination of the screening tool and the interviews with minor adjustments.

Originality/value
This is the first research study of its kind on the effectiveness of the OASys Personality Disorder Screening tool. Using such a tool with some caution (the addition of consultation) creates a useful and effective process for tackling the very difficult task of identifying people for the community component of the Offender Personality Disorder Service. This research provides some evidence for the validity of such a process that is currently used throughout the National Probation Service in England and Wales.
Commerce with a bit of ethics or ethics with a bit of commerce? The conundrum of British consumer co-operation 1863-1990
Authors: Webster Anthony , Wilson John F. , Wong Nicholas D. 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This paper is concerned with the historical record of one business in the UK, which has long laid claim to the moral high ground in the conduct of its affairs – the amalgam of consumer co-operative business organisations, which eventually merged to become the Co-operative Group at the beginning of the 21st century. This paper aims to offer an assessment of the record of the British consumer co-operative movement’s efforts to abide by and promote its values and principles during the first 137 years of its existence (1863 to 1990).

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is developed using largely qualitative research methods and a variety of sources. These include archival resources and business-historical materials such as committee minutes and correspondence. These materials have been complemented by several semi-structured recorded interviews with senior members of the Co-operative Group.

Findings
The authors develop several conclusions. First, where ethical choices were possible and no serious commercial interests were impaired, the co-operative movement could and usually did do its best to adhere to its principles. Second, in several instances, commercial interests did frequently trump ideals. Finally, the organisational structure of the movement made it very difficult to ensure that co-operative principles and values were adhered to.

Originality/value
This paper presents a unique case-study that examines the inherent tension between commerce and ethics in the co-operative movement.
Learning from your leaders and helping your coworkers: the trickle-down effect of leader helping behavior
Authors: Zhang Zhenduo , Zhang Li , Xiu Jing , Zheng Junwei 
Published: July 2020

PurposeBased on the social cognitive theory, this research analyzed the helping behavior of leaders and its trickle-down effect on an employee's helping behavior. Additionally, this study analyzed the relationship between an employee's helping behavior and thriving at work.Design/methodology/approachCellphones were used to collect data using the experience sampling method from 74 participants over five consecutive days (N = 370), and the conceptual model was analyzed at the episode level.FindingsThis research examined the helping behavior of employees and its role in mediating the relationship between a leader's helping behavior and an employee's thriving at work. Psychological availability moderates this indirect relationship; and high psychological availability increases the indirect influence of a leader's helping behavior on an employee's helping behavior, which in turn increases employee's thriving at work.Originality/valueThe findings of this research shed light on a new social cognitive mechanism through which the helping behavior of leaders enhances an employee's thriving at work.
Multi-stakeholder partnerships: a catalyst to achieve sustainable development goals
Authors: Eweje Gabriel , Sajjad Aymen , Nath Shobod Deba , Kobayashi Kazunori 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to critically examine the concept of multi-stakeholder partnerships in relation to the United Nations' sustainable development goals and propose a renewed multi-stakeholder partnerships framework that enables the implementation of the sustainable development goals.Design/methodology/approachThis paper employs an integrative review methodology to assess, critique and synthesize the extant literature on the multi-stakeholder partnerships and sustainable development goals.FindingsWe propose a conceptual framework of multi-stakeholder partnerships to support the sustainable development goals implementation. Thus, this paper contributes to the conceptual understanding of the multi-stakeholder partnerships mechanism that enhances the sustainable development goals implementation.Research limitations/implicationsWe propose a conceptual framework of multi-stakeholder partnerships to support the sustainable development goals implementation. Thus, this paper contributes to the conceptual understanding of the multi-stakeholder partnerships mechanism that enhances the sustainable development goals implementation.Originality/valueWe contend that this is one of the few early papers that contributes to the conceptual development of a collaborative multi-stakeholder partnerships paradigm by which such partnerships are formed and institutionalized among multiple interacting sectors to achieve the sustainable development goals.
Numerical modelling of concrete-filled stainless steel slender columns loaded eccentrically
Authors: M.A. Kadhim Majid 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This paper is aimed at clarifying the behaviour of concrete-filled stainless steel tube (CFSST) slender columns. Based on the review of previous works, it can be found that the pieces of research on the behaviour of CFSST slender columns are very rare and the existing studies, to the author’s knowledge, have not covered this topic in greater depth. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the structural response and strength capacity of eccentric loaded long CFSST columns.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, a new finite element (FE) model is presented for predicting the nonlinear behaviour of CFSST slender columns under eccentric load. The FE model developed accounts for confinement influences of the concrete in-filled material. In addition, the initial local and overall geometric imperfections were introduced in the numerical model in addition to the inelastic response of stainless steel. The interaction between the stainless section and concrete in-filled was modelled using contact pair algorithm. The FE model was then verified against an experimental work presented in the literature. The ultimate strengths, axial load–lateral displacement and failure mode of CFSST slender columns predicted by the FE model were validated against corresponding experimental results.

Findings
The simulation results show that the improvement in the column strengths (compared to hollow section) is less significant when the composite columns have small width-to-thickness ratio. Finally, comparisons were made between the results obtained from FE simulation and those computed from the Eurocode 4 (EC4). It has been found that the EC4 predictions in most analysed cases are conservative for composite columns analysed under a combination of axial load and uniaxial or biaxial bending. However, the conservatism of the code is reduced with a higher slenderness ratio of the composite columns.

Practical implications
The simulation results throughout this research were compared with the corresponding Eurocode predictions.

Originality/value
This paper provides new findings about the structural behaviour of CFSST columns.
Moisture absorption and drying alter nonadditive litter flammability in a mixed conifer forest
Authors: de Magalhães Rita Quinones , Schwilk Dylan W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMoisture content is a strong determinant of forest fuel flammability. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which species‐specific litter traits influence litter moisture absorption and retention. Characterizing how litter fuels retain moisture through time and how fuels from multiple species interact are key steps to adding taxon‐specific information to fire behaviour prediction.To fill these gaps in knowledge, we determined moisture absorption and retention characteristics of the litter from multiple tree species, investigated what litter traits influenced these processes and tested for nonadditive moisture dynamics and nonadditive flammability in multi‐species mixtures. The litter from eight tree species of a mixed conifer forest was saturated and allowed to dry to determine moisture absorption capacity and drying rates. Burn trials were performed in litter beds of single species and of mixtures to establish flammability response to the dry‐down process and to species interactions.Litter mixtures exhibited nonadditivity in flame spread rate and in fuel consumption. This nonadditivity became more positive with fuel drying.Moisture dynamics varied across species with higher specific leaf area being associated with higher maximum absorption and lower litter bulk density being associated with faster drying rates. We found that these differing moisture dynamics resulted in time since wetting having strongly differing effects on flammability across the major litter types typified by different tree taxa.Synthesis. This study is the first to examine ecologically relevant drying rates and their interaction with nonadditive mixture effects on flammability. We find that taxon specific patterns of moisture absorption and drying change flammability rankings under moist compared with dry fuels because traits that increase flame spread rate increase water absorption. Litter mixtures generally burn with fire behaviour more similar to that of the most flammable constituent species and this effect increases as fuels dry.
Demographic back‐casting reveals that subtle dimensions of climate change have strong effects on population viability
Authors: Czachura Kevin , Miller Tom E. X. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

The effects of climate change on population viability reflect the net influence of potentially diverse responses of individual‐level demographic processes (growth, survival, regeneration) to multiple components of climate. Articulating climate–demography connections can facilitate forecasts of responses to future climate change as well as back‐casts that may reveal how populations responded to historical climate change.

We studied climate–demography relationships in the cactus Cyclindriopuntia imbricata; previous work indicated that our focal population has high abundance but a negative population growth rate, where deaths exceed births, suggesting that it persists under extinction debt. We parameterized a climate‐dependent integral projection model with data from a 14‐year field study, then back‐casted expected population growth rates since 1900 to test the hypothesis that recent climate change has driven this population into extinction debt.

We found clear patterns of climate change in our central New Mexico study region but, contrary to our hypothesis, C. imbricata has most likely benefitted from recent climate change and is on track to reach replacement‐level population growth within 37 years, or sooner if climate change accelerates. Furthermore, the strongest feature of climate change (a trend towards years that are overall warmer and drier, captured by the first principal component of inter‐annual variation) was not the main driver of population responses. Instead, temporal trends in population growth were dominated by more subtle, seasonal climatic factors with relatively weak signals of recent change (wetter and milder cool seasons, captured by the second and third principal components).

Synthesis. Our results highlight the challenges of back‐casting or forecasting population dynamics under climate change, since the most apparent features of climate change may not be the most important drivers of ecological responses. Environmentally explicit demographic models can help meet this challenge, but they must consider the magnitudes of different aspects of climate change alongside the magnitudes of demographic responses to those changes.
Rural school access and the agricultural transformation
Authors: Charlton Diane , Taylor J. Edward 
Published: July 2020

AbstractImproving children's access to primary and secondary education is a strategic goal for many global development agencies and government policymakers. Nevertheless, there is relatively little research examining how changes in rural school supply affect future labor markets. We leverage variation in the timing and location of secondary school construction in Southern Mexico to identify the effects of school supply on labor outcomes. We find that school construction increases expected education for school‐aged children by about 4 years and raises the share of years working in the nonagricultural sector between the ages of 18–22 by 29.8 percentage points. The magnitude of the effects on share of years doing nonagricultural work is smaller for individuals from homes where an indigenous language is spoken. Our findings indicate that rural school construction in less‐developed countries can accelerate the transformation from agricultural to nonagricultural economies, but there may be heterogeneous effects across socioeconomic groups and ethnicities.