bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic Product Planning: The Development of Products and Markets of Tomorrow As an Entrepreneurial Challenge
Authors: Gausemeier Jürgen , Binger Volker 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The identification of the products and markets of tomorrow is a challenging entrepreneurial task to be achieved by Strategic Product Planning. The following presentation shows a way of emphasising Strategic Product Planning more strongly as the first cycle in the product development process and of embedding it into the complete process. This consists of the task areas of determination of potential & product, business planning and product creation. The method of scenario-management presented here enables the enterprise to plan the future. Based on developed future scenarios for markets and wide company areas, it is possible to determine the potential success — and dangers — for the established business at a very early stage [GF99].
In this presentation, the scenario-method will be introduced as a means to support strategic product planning by using the example of the development of future scenarios for the automotive industry. The future concept will contain the higher interaction of future market requirements (Market Pull) and possible technology potentials (Technology Push).
Distributed Modeling in Engineering: Towards a Tool-Supported Integration of Notations Using Meta Object Facilities
Authors: Jesko Dirk , Paul Georg 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The development of modern products is characterized by the participation of multiple developers from different domains. Further, the development is usually distributed over different companies. One characteristic that derives from this heterogenous environment is the application of different methods, notations, and software tools during the development process. Although many tasks are supported by software, especially modeling tools lack a support for using different notation and the independent specification of development artifacts. In this paper we will describe an approach for the integration of different notations using a metamodel based on the Meta Object Facilities (MOF). The independent specification of system artifacts is thereby achieved by applying the ViewPoint framework. The main focus of the paper is the discussion of defining the concepts of the ViewPoint framework within a metamodeling architecture. Further, the overall structure of the metamodel will be described. Finally, the components of a software system supporting the management of the metamodel and the actual development using ViewPoints is presented.
A Socio-Technical Approach to Knowledge Capture, Sharing and Reuse in Aerospace Design
Authors: Kerr M. P. , Waterson P. E. , Clegg C. W. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper describes the first phase of a study of knowledge management in design from a multi-disciplinary perspective, using a socio-technical approach. The prime objective is to understand the human, social, organisational and technological aspects of current knowledge capture, sharing and reuse activities. Designers from a range of contexts, across two aerospace companies, were interviewed about the details of a design episode they had been personally involved in. They focussed on the critical problems encountered and potential solutions. This resulted in the specification of a set of social and technical requirements for the overall work system. These requirements are then discussed in terms of their implications of human/machine allocation and use in the development of a future vision for design. The paper concludes by looking forward to the next phase of the project. Here the objective is to build a technological tool to support designers in their day-today activities and to incorporate social requirements for the overall system of knowledge management.
Prediction and Diagnosis of Propagated Errors in Assembly Systems Using Virtual Factories
Authors: Baydar Cem M. , Saitou Kazuhiro 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Large-scale automated assembly systems are widely used in automotive, aerospace and consumer electronics industries to obtain high quality products in less time. However, one disadvantage of these automated systems is they are composed of so many working parameters. Since it is not possible to monitor all these parameters during the assembly process, an undetected error may propagate and result in a more critical detected error. Anticipation of these types of failures is limited to human experts prior to the assembly operation. In this paper, a unique way of detecting and diagnosing these types of failures by using Virtual Factories is discussed. A Virtual Factory is developed by building and linking several software modules to predict and diagnose propagated errors. A multi-station assembly system is modeled and a previously discussed “off-line prediction and recovery” method was applied. The obtained results showed that this method is capable of predicting propagated errors and it is efficient to diagnose even the failure case is too complex to solve for a human expert.
Analysis of the Robotic Assembling Accuracy Based on Virtual Assembly Environment
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Luo Xuebuo , Xie Cunxi 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Multi-degree freedom robots have many advantages including agility, heavy-loading capability and high flexibility. They play a very important role in mechanical assembly. Due to the complexity of their spatial pose, the robot assembling accuracy analysis should not be confined to the 2-D plane.
This paper applies the accuracy analysis to the virtual environment by constructing accurate models of robot assembly unit such as 3-D geometrical modeling, physical modeling, and behavioral modeling. Using the interactive and 3-D graphical environment to observe and evaluate the effects of assembling process. By operating the virtual 3-D model of the robot assembly unit and simulating the assembling process in the virtual assembly environment, the influence of errors in assembly can be analyzed and the statistical value of errors can be obtained. This paper also presents the method of visualization in analyzing the robot assembling accuracy, and studies the influence of spatial pose of robot assembly on the axis-hole assembly success rate, especially the robot teaching accuracy. Through the integration of the various errors and on the basis of the assembling accuracy, the tolerance of error source can be reasonably distributed to meet the requirement for assembling accuracy, and the planning of robot assembly unit can be improved.
A Region Based Approach to Automated Design of Multi-Piece Molds With Application to Rapid Tooling
Authors: Chen Yong , Rosen David 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Rapid Tooling and multi-piece molds can dramatically reduce the lead-time for injection molded prototypes. A systematic approach based on regions is developed for automated design of multi-piece Rapid Tooling molds. Regions are connected collections of part faces that can be formed by one mold piece. This paper first formulates a linear programming problem for finding a satisfactory parting direction of a region. An approach to detect non-drafted and under-drafted faces during determination of parting direction is presented. An algorithm and related data representations are presented for the region combining process, intended to minimize the number of regions and, hence, mold pieces. Finally a test example and two industrial examples are provided which illustrate the effectiveness of the developed approach.
Virtual Prototyping Based Design Optimization of PEM Fuel Cell Gas Delivery Plates
Authors: Zheng Rong , Dong Zuomin 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Gas delivery plates are key components for a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The unique functions of these plates impose special requirements on their strength, conductivity and electro-chemistry stability. Cost reduction of these plates can greatly facilities the commercialization of PEM fuel cell, the promising zero emission power plant for the future. In this work, a virtual prototyping study on PEM fuel cell gas delivery plate is carried out. Solid modeling and mathematical modeling are used to form virtual prototypes of the gas delivery plates. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis and nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) on plate structure and flow field properties are used to test the performance of the designed plates and to guide the design optimization. The research focuses on the new fuel cell plate designs that use polymer composite material to form flow field channels. The method of virtual prototyping based design optimization is discussed using a real fuel cell plate design example. This study provides guidelines to fuel cell plate development and demonstrates a new design approach.
Application of Vague Geometric Representation for Shape Instance Generation of the Human Body
Authors: Moes Niels C. C. M. , Rusák Zoltán , Horváth Imre 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The objective of this research is the development of a generic model for the shape of a part of the human body. A generated instance is intended to be used in the construction of a Finite Elements model. The selected product type is a sitting support. With the help of a multiple regression model the shape of the upper leg and the buttock area are statistically described.
The predictive variables for this shape generation are specific human body characteristics, which are uncertain and usually incomplete. The actual model is a vague domain defined by a set of intersection points on the distribution vectors.
The measurements of the shape and specific characteristic landmarks were done with the Microscribe scanning device and the mirror box.
The results include (i) a statistical analysis of the measured subject properties, (ii) the generation of the inner closure, the outer closure, and the corresponding distribution vectors, (iii) the location indices on the distribution vectors, (iv) the statistical model to generate instances.
A Skeletal Topological Modeler Based on Bounding Spheres
Authors: Thompson David , Crawford Richard 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Solid modelers are most frequently used when the final shape of the object to be modeled is known. One reason for this is the amount of input required on the part of designers to create even simple models. We propose a modeler requiring only weighted points to be specified. The connectivity of the points is determined based on proximity and the value of the weight at each point. The connected diagram — a subcomplex of the regular triangulation of the input points known as an alpha shape — serves as a skeleton for an offset surface which becomes the solid model. Functional representations of a design might also be attached to the skeleton as well.
The Geometric Principle of Automatic Modular Fixture Planning
Authors: Wu Yuguang , Gao Shuming , Chen Zichen 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we present a systematic methodology for automatic planning of modular fixture. The approach constructs all the feasible fixture plans of a part with linear and circular edges by using the mechanism theory. Based on the geometric relationships between locator triplet and three boundary edges of a part, we classified the loading and unloading motion of the part into two kinds, i.e. translational motion and rotational motion. Moreover we put forward the notions of the locator visible cone and the pivotal locator, and utilize these notions to analyze the accessibility of locators. To effectively analyze the feasibility of clamping the part, and generate all of the feasible clamp positions, the notions of the triangle of instant rotational center and the same direction edge of the triangle are set forth and utilized. Finally, several criteria of evaluating fixture design are given for generating optimal fixture plan.
Swirl Distribution Effects on the Thermal Characteristics of Premixed Flames
Authors: Archer Sean , Gupta Ashwani K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An experimental investigation has been carried out on four premixed flames using a double concentric swirl burner. The influence of radial distribution of swirl on the global flame behavior, thermal and emission characteristics have been determined. Temperature data was compensated with time constant data to generate mean and fluctuating temperature maps, probability density distributions of temperature, power spectra and thermal integral- and micro-time scales in the flames. Direct flame photographs were taken to archive flame shape and light intensity. These data provided valuable information for practical combustors on better swirl configurations. These configurations will depend heavily on the designed power settings. Contributed results directly from this investigation are for a lean premixed flame to achieve low emission and higher efficiency. The results reveal that in a counter-swirl configuration, the swirl strength in inner annulus should be greater than the outer annulus. However, for the co-swirl configuration it is more beneficial to have smaller swirl strength in the inner annulus than the outer annulus.
It is found that premixed flames can possess significant circumferential non-uniformities at all flow and operational conditions. Detailed data shows that the flame thermal field and temperature distribution is strongly related to its emissions. High NOx emission is found in flames where the integral time scales and the mean temperature are high in the presumed lower recirculation region. High CO formation is found in flames that have high integral time scales in the lower recirculation region but have a low mean temperature in this same region. Thermal time scales provide important information on the thermal and emission characteristics of premixed flames.
On the Aggregation of Preferences in Engineering Design
Authors: Allen Beth 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper considers the possibility for aggregation of preferences in engineering design. Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem applies to the aggregation of individuals’ (ordinal) preferences defined over a finite number of alternative designs. However, when the design space is infinite and when all individuals have monotone preferences or have von Neumann-Morgenstern (cardinal) utilities defined over lotteries, possibility results are available. Alternative axiomatic frameworks lead to additional aggregation procedures for cardinal utilities. For these results about collaborative design, aggregation occurs with respect to decision makers and not attributes, although some of the possibility results preserve additive separability in attributes.
Topology Optimization of Compliant Mechanisms With Strength Considerations
Authors: Saxena Anupam , Ananthasuresh G. K. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Multi-criteria formulations reported previously in topology design of compliant mechanisms address the flexibility and stiffness issues simultaneously and aim at attaining an optimal balance between these two conflicting attributes. Such techniques are successful in indirectly controlling the local stress levels by constraining the input displacement. Individual control on the conflicting objectives is often difficult to achieve with these flexible and stiff formulations. Resultant topologies may sometimes be overly stiff and there is no guarantee for design against failure as local stresses may exceed the permissible yield strength of the constituting material. In this paper, local failure conditions via stress constraints are incorporated in topology optimization algorithms to obtain compliant and strong designs. Quality functions are employed to impose stress constraints on retained material ignoring non-existing regions in the design domain. Stress constraints are further relaxed to regularize the design space to help the KKT conditions-based mathematical programming algorithms yield improved solutions. Examples are solved to corroborate the solutions for failure-free compliant topologies that are much improved than those obtained using flexible and stiff multi-criteria objectives.
Some Preliminary Results on the Development and Comparison of a New Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Farhang-Mehr A. , Wu J. , Azarm S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Some preliminary results for a new multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) are presented. This new algorithm aims at obtaining the fullest possible representation of observed Pareto solutions to a multi-objective optimization problem. The algorithm, hereafter called entropy-based MOGA (or E-MOGA), is based on an application of the concepts from the statistical theory of gases to a MOGA. A few set quality metrics are introduced and used for a comparison of the E-MOGA to a previously published MOGA. Due to the stochastic nature of the MOGA, confidence intervals with a 95% confidence level are calculated for the quality metrics based on the randomness in the initial population. An engineering example, namely the design of a speed reducer is used to demonstrate the performance of E-MOGA when compared to the previous MOGA.
An Integrated Framework for 3D Tolerance Chains in Design and Manufacturing
Authors: Ballot Eric , Bourdet Pierre 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper is about a new model of geometric deviation to compute tridimensional tolerance chains. By the use of a simplification of geometric deviation well adapted to computation of tolerances, we will show how to compute systematically the consequences of geometric deviation from functional requirements to manufacturing. Under the hypothesis that geometric deviations lead only to small displacement of parts, we will demonstrate how their propagation can be computed. We will highlight the improvement yielded by the proposed model and the consequences on the description of tolerances and manufacturing.
A CAD Methodology for Concurrent Design of a Fuel Tank Lid
Authors: Carfagni Monica , Landi Luca 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A CAD procedure has been developed to reduce lead times and development costs in the design of automobile components. The associative parametric capability of a CAD platform were applied to the design of a fuel tank lid. It comprises five macro phases: acquisition of the standards, definition of the main functional design constraints, implementation of a hardcopy design flow, transposition on the CAD platform and validation of the design flow. In this paper the first four topics will be discussed focussing on design functional constraints. The procedure is readily applicable to a vast number of complex components.
A Family of 3-DOF Translational Parallel Manipulators
Authors: Carricato Marco , Parenti-Castelli Vincenzo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article addresses parallel manipulators with fewer than six degrees of freedom, whose employ may prove valuable in those applications in which a higher mobility is uncalled-for. In particular, a family of 3-dof manipulators containing only revolute joints or at the most revolute and prismatic ones is studied. Design and assembly conditions sufficient to provide the travelling platform with a pure translational motion are determined and two sub-families that fulfill the imposed constraint are found: one is already known in the literature, whilst the other is original. The new architecture does not exhibit rotation singularities, i.e. configurations in which the platform gains rotational degrees of freedom. A geometric interpretation of the translation singularities is provided.
Hybrid Analysis Method for Reliability-Based Design Optimization
Authors: Choi Kyung K. , Youn Byeng D. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Reliability-Based Design Optimization (RBDO) involves evaluation of probabilistic constraints, which can be done in two different ways, the Reliability Index Approach (RIA) and the Performance Measure Approach (PMA). It has been reported in the literature that RIA yields instability for some problems but PMA is robust and efficient in identifying a probabilistic failure mode in the RBDO process. However, several examples of numerical tests of PMA have also shown instability and inefficiency in the RBDO process if the Advanced Mean Value (AMV) method, which is a numerical tool for probabilistic constraint evaluation in PMA, is used, since it behaves poorly for a concave performance function, even though it is effective for a convex performance function.
To overcome difficulties of the AMV method, the Conjugate Mean Value (CMV) method is proposed in this paper for the concave performance function in PMA. However, since the CMV method exhibits the slow rate of convergence for the convex function, it is selectively used for concave-type constraints. That is, once the type of the performance function is identified, either the AMV method or the CMV method can be adaptively used for PMA during the RBDO iteration to evaluate probabilistic constraints effectively. This is referred to as the Hybrid Mean Value (HMV) method.
The enhanced PMA with the HMV method is compared to RIA for effective evaluation of probabilistic constraints in the RBDO process. It is shown that PMA with a spherical equality constraint is easier to solve than RIA with a complicated equality constraint in estimating the probabilistic constraint in the RBDO process.
Mobility Analysis of RSSR Mechanisms by Working Volume
Authors: Chung Wen-Yeuan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An RSSR mechanism is analyzed by treating the linkage as two manipulators. The mobility region of the input link or the output link is found from the intersection region of the working volumes generated by both manipulators. By analyzing the intersection region on either the plane of the input link or the output link, the mobility region can then be calculated from the intersection of an ellipse and a unit circle. Concise discriminants and flowcharts are proposed to determine the type for several special RSSR linkages, such as spherical four-bar and simply skew four-bar. Grashof’s rule is also derived for planar four-bar linkages.
Towards a Framework for Acquisition of Design Knowledge
Authors: Dzbor Martin , Zdrahal Zdenek 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Engineering design is a knowledge-intensive process driven by various design objectives. Design is an iterative process where the objectives evolve together with the solutions in order to deliver an artefact with the desired properties and functions. Many design theories developed so far suggest more or less efficient ways for finding a suitable solution to the given goals. However, they often leave open the issue of ‘solution talkback’. Discovery of new design objectives and amendment of the existing ones is as important as the development of design solutions. The biggest issue with solution talkback is the presence of tacit knowledge in addition to the explicit one. This paper draws on a theory that incorporates some typical features of design problems, and transfers theoretical findings about reflection on the design actions to a tool for acquisition of design knowledge. First, key terms are defined and theoretical framework is introduced. Afterwards we look at the means for capturing explicit and tacit design knowledge more in depth.