bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicentre study found that adherence to national antibiotic recommendations for neonatal early‐onset sepsis was low
Authors: van der Weijden Bo M. , Achten Niek B. , Bekhof Jolita , Evers Esther E. , Berk Mylène , Kamps Arvid W.A. , Rijpert Maarten , ten Tusscher Gavin W. , van Houten Marlies A. , Plötz Frans B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimOur aim was to evaluate adherence to the Dutch neonatal early‐onset sepsis (EOS) guidelines, adapted from UK guidance. We also looked at the effect on antibiotic recommendations and duration.MethodThis was a multicentre, prospective observational cross‐sectional study carried out in seven hospitals in the Netherlands between 1 September 2018 and 1 November 2019. We enrolled 1024 neonates born at 32 weeks of gestation or later if they demonstrated at least one EOS risk factor or clinical signs of infection.ResultsThe Dutch guidelines recommended antibiotic treatment for 438/1024 (42.8%) of the neonates designated at risk, but only 186/438 (42.5%) received antibiotics. The guidelines advised withholding antibiotics for 586/1024 (57.2%) of neonates and in 570/586 (97.3%) cases the clinicians adhered to this recommendation. Blood cultures were obtained for 182/186 (97.8%) infants who started antibiotics and only four were positive, for group B streptococci. Antibiotic treatment was continued for more than 3 days in 56/178 (31.5%) neonates, despite a negative blood culture.ConclusionLow adherence to the Dutch guidelines meant that the majority of neonates did not receive the antibiotic treatment that was recommended, while some antibiotic use was prolonged despite negative blood cultures. The guidelines need to be revised.
Concomitant excitation and tension development are required for myocellular gene expression and protein synthesis in rat skeletal muscle
Authors: Rindom Emil , Herskind Jon , Blaauw Bert , Overgaard Kristian , Vissing Kristian , de Paoli Frank V. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimLoading‐induced tension development is often assumed to constitute an independent cue to initiate muscle protein synthesis following resistance exercise. However, with traditional physiological models of resistance exercise, changes in loading‐induced tension development also reflect changes in neural activation patterns, and direct evidence for a mechanosensitive mechanism is therefore limited. Here, we sought to examine the importance of excitation and tension development per se on initiation of signalling, gene transcription and protein synthesis in rat skeletal muscle.MethodsIsolated rat extensor digitorum longus muscles were allocated to the following interventions: (a) Excitation‐induced eccentric contractions (ECC); (b) Passive stretching without excitation (PAS); (c) Excitation with inhibition of contractions (STIM + IMA) and; (d) Excitation in combination with both inhibition of contractions and PAS (STIM + IMA + PAS). Assessment of transcriptional and translational signalling, gene transcription and acute muscle protein synthesis was compared in stimulated vs contra‐lateral non‐stimulated control muscle.ResultsProtein synthesis increased solely in muscles subjected to a combination of excitation and tension development (ECC and STIM + IMA + PAS). The same pattern was true for p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalling for gene transcription as well as for gene transcription of immediate early genes FOS and JUN. In contrast, mechanistic target of rapamycin Complex 1 signalling for translation initiation increased in all muscles subjected to increased tension development (ECC and STIM + IMA + PAS as well as PAS).ConclusionsThe current study suggests that exercise‐induced increases in protein synthesis as well as transcriptional signalling is dependent on the concomitant effect of excitation and tension development, whereas signalling for translation initiation is only dependent of tension development per se.
The association between longer durations of the latent phase of labor and subsequent perinatal processes and outcomes among midwifery patients
Authors: Tilden Ellen L. , Phillippi Julia C. , Carlson Nicole , Dissanayake Mekhala , Lee Christopher S. , Caughey Aaron B. , Snowden Jonathan M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between the duration of the latent phase of labor and subsequent processes and outcomes.MethodsSecondary analysis of prospectively collected data among 1,189 women with low‐risk pregnancies and spontaneous labor.ResultsLonger latent phase duration was associated with labor dystocia (eg, nulliparous ≥ mean [compared with < mean] aOR 3.95 [2.70‐5.79]; multiparous ≥ mean [compared with < mean] aOR 5.45 [3.43‐8.65]), interventions to ameliorate dystocia, and epidurals to cope or rest (eg, oxytocin augmentation: nulliparous > 80th% [compared with < 80th%] aOR 6.39 [4.04‐10.12]; multiparous ≥ 80th% [compared with < 80th%] aOR 6.35 [3.79‐10.64]). Longer latent phase duration was also associated with longer active phase and second stage. There were no associations between latent phase duration and risk for cesarean delivery or postpartum hemorrhage in a practice setting with relatively low rates of primary cesarean. Newborns born to multiparous women with latent phase of labor durations at and beyond the 80th% were more frequently admitted to the NICU (≥80th% [compared with < 80th%] aOR 2.7 [1.22‐5.84]); however, two‐thirds of these NICU admissions were likely for observation only.ConclusionsLonger duration of the spontaneous latent phase of labor among women with low‐risk pregnancies may signal longer total labor processes, leading to an increase in diagnosis of dystocia, interventions to manage dystocia, and epidural use. Apart from multiparous neonatal NICU admission, no other maternal or child morbidity outcomes were elevated with longer duration of the latent phase of labor.
Adrenal vein sampling: External validation of multinomial regression modelling and left adrenal vein‐to‐peripheral vein ratio to predict lateralization index without right adrenal vein sampling
Authors: Bouchard‐Bellavance Roxanne , Perrault Florence , Soulez Gilles , Chagnon Miguel , Kline Gregory A. , Bourdeau Isabelle , Lacroix André , So Benny , Therasse Eric 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdrenal vein sampling (AVS) failure is mainly due to right adrenal vein unavailability. Multinomial regression modelling (MRM) and left adrenal vein‐to‐peripheral vein ratio (LAV/PV) were proposed to predict the lateralization index without the right AVS.ObjectiveTo assess external validity of MRM and LAV/PV to predict lateralization index when right adrenal vein sampling is missing.DesignDiagnostic retrospective study.PatientsDevelopment and validation cohorts included AVS of 174 and 122 patients, respectively, from 2 different centres.MeasurementsDevelopment and validation cohort data were used, respectively, for calibration and for validation of MRM and LAV/PV to predict the lateralization index without the right adrenal vein sampling. Sensitivity and specificity of MRM and LAV/PV were compared between both centres at different pre‐established specificity thresholds based on receiver operating characteristic curves generated from the development cohort data.ResultsAt a specificity threshold of 95% set in the development cohort, specificity values exceeded 90% (range, 90.6%‐98.8%) for all verified MRM and LAV/PV models in the validation cohort. Corresponding sensitivities for MRM and LAV/PV, respectively, range from 54.1% to 83.7% and 32.8% to 88.4% for the development cohort compared to 33.3%‐87.5% and 2.8%‐79.2% for the validation cohort. Overall, diagnostic accuracy of both methods was higher to detect right (82.8%‐93.5%) than left (70.2%‐80.6%) lateralization index status in both centres.ConclusionsMinimal changes in specificity from development to validation cohorts validate the use of MRM and LAV/PV to predict the lateralization index when the right AVS is missing. Both methods had better accuracy for right than left lateralization detection.
High‐Resolution Neural Face Swapping for Visual Effects
Authors: Naruniec J. , Helminger L. , Schroers C. , Weber R.M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an algorithm for fully automatic neural face swapping in images and videos. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method capable of rendering photo‐realistic and temporally coherent results at megapixel resolution. To this end, we introduce a progressively trained multi‐way comb network and a light‐ and contrast‐preserving blending method. We also show that while progressive training enables generation of high‐resolution images, extending the architecture and training data beyond two people allows us to achieve higher fidelity in generated expressions. When compositing the generated expression onto the target face, we show how to adapt the blending strategy to preserve contrast and low‐frequency lighting. Finally, we incorporate a refinement strategy into the face landmark stabilization algorithm to achieve temporal stability, which is crucial for working with high‐resolution videos. We conduct an extensive ablation study to show the influence of our design choices on the quality of the swap and compare our work with popular state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Pan‐Scotland tonsillectomy outcomes: A national cross‐sectional study
Authors: Milner Thomas D. , Hilmi Omar , Marshall John , MacKenzie Kenneth 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the current post‐tonsillectomy haemorrhage and return to theatre rates in Scotland.DesignNational cross‐sectional study.Participants and settingTonsillectomy outcomes data were collated for all NHS patients undergoing tonsillectomy in Scotland between 1998‐2002 and 2013‐2017.Main outcome measuresUsing Information Services Division (ISD) Scotland retrospective data, 30‐day re‐admission and 30‐day return to theatre rates allowed an assessment of post‐tonsillectomy haemorrhage rates. Data were validated through comparison with an audit conducted in NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde between 2015 and 2016.ResultsTonsillectomy was performed in 27 819 patients between 1998 and 2002, and 23 184 patients between 2013 and 2017. 30‐day re‐admission rates increased considerably between the 1998‐2002 and 2013‐2017 cohorts, from 4.7% to 12.1% in paediatric patients, and 9.8%‐19.9% in adult patients. Similarly, 30‐day “return to theatre rates” increased between the two cohorts, from 1.2% to 1.7% in paediatric patients, and 3.6%‐4.9% in adult patients. Re‐admission and return to theatre rates were similar across Health Boards for both adult and paediatric tonsillectomies in each cohort.ConclusionsCurrent 30‐day re‐admission and return to theatre rates are significantly higher than the majority of reported series to date. The rising rate of tonsillectomy haemorrhage between cohorts is likely to be multifactorial, possibly reflecting an underestimation of previous rates and the changing profile of the tonsillectomy patient. A detailed audit of current practice is needed to investigate these tonsillectomy outcomes, which are similar across all Health Boards in Scotland. Of most significance are the implications for accurate patient consent and non‐elective ENT service provision.
Initial experience with SphinKeeper™ intersphincteric implants for faecal incontinence in the UK: a two‐centre retrospective clinical audit
Authors: Leo C. A. , Leeuwenburgh M. , Orlando A. , Corr A. , Scott S. M. , Murphy J. , Knowles C. H. , Vaizey C. J. , Giordano P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimThe SphinKeeper™ artificial bowel sphincter implant is a relatively new surgical technique for the treatment of refractory faecal incontinence. This study presents the first experience in two UK tertiary centres.MethodThis is a retrospective audit of prospectively collected clinical data in relation to technique, safety, feasibility and short‐term effectiveness from patients undergoing surgery from January 2016 to April 2019. Baseline data, intra‐operative and postoperative complications, symptoms [using St Mark's incontinence score (SMIS)] and radiological outcomes were analysed.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients [18 women, median age 57 years (range 27–87)] underwent SphinKeeper. In 30% of the patients, the firing device jammed and not all prostheses were delivered. There were no intra‐operative complications and all patients were discharged the same or the following day. SMIS significantly improved from baseline [median −6 points (range −12 to +3); P < 0.00016] with 14/27 (51.9%) patients achieving a 50% reduction in the SMIS score. On postoperative imaging, a median of seven prostheses (range 0–10) were identified with a median of five (range 0–10) optimally placed. There was no relationship between number of well‐sited prostheses on postoperative imaging and categorical success based on 50% reduction in SMIS (χ2 test, P = 0.79).ConclusionSphinKeeper appears to be a safe procedure for faecal incontinence. Overall, about 50% patients achieved a meaningful improvement in symptoms. However, clinical benefit was unrelated to the rate of misplaced/migrated implants. This has implications for confidence in proof of mechanism and also the need for technical refinement.
Capacitated single‐allocation hub location model for a flood relief distribution network
Authors: Sangsawang Ornurai , Chanta Sunarin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn disaster management, the logistics for disaster relief must deal with uncontrolled variables, including transportation difficulties, limited resources, and demand variations. In this work, an optimization model based on the capacitated single‐allocation hub location problem is proposed to determine an optimal location of flood relief facilities with the advantage of economies of scale to transport commodities during a disaster. The objective is to minimize the total transportation cost, which depends on the flood severity. The travel time is bounded to ensure that survival packages will be delivered to victims in a reasonable time. Owing to complexity of the problem, a hybrid algorithm is developed based on a variable neighborhood search and tabu search (VNS‐TS). The computational results show that the VNS found the optimal solutions within a 2% gap, while the proposed VNS‐TS found the optimal solution with a 0% gap. A case study of severe flooding in Thailand is presented with consideration of related parameters such as water level, hub capacity, and discount factors. Sensitivity analyses on the number of flows, discount factors, capacity, and bound length are provided. The results indicated that demand variation has an impact on the transportation cost, number of hubs, and route patterns.
Research on personalized recommendation hybrid algorithm for interactive experience equipment
Authors: Chen Shuai , Huang Ling , Lei Zhiwen , Wang Shen 
Published: July 2020

AbstractInteractive calligraphy experience equipment has the characteristics of a large amount of data, various types, and strong homogeneity, which makes it difficult for users to find interesting resources. In this article, a hybrid personalized recommendation algorithm is proposed, which uses collaborative filtering and content‐based recommendation methods in turn to make recommendations. In the initial recommendation, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model is used to reduce the dimension of high‐dimensional user behavior data and establish a user‐writing theme matrix to reduce inaccurate recommendation caused by high sparsity data in collaborative filtering algorithm. The user interest list is obtained by calculating the similarity between users. Then, on the basis of the preliminary recommendation results, VGG16 model is used to extract the feature vector of the calligraphy image and calculate the similarity between the user's calligraphy words and the primary recommended calligraphy words, thus obtaining the final recommendation results. The experimental results verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the recommendation algorithm, which are better than other recommendation algorithms on the whole, and have important engineering guiding significance.
A genome database for a Japanese population of the larvacean Oikopleura dioica
Authors: Wang Kai , Tomura Ryo , Chen Wei , Kiyooka Miho , Ishizaki Hinako , Aizu Tomoyuki , Minakuchi Yohei , Seki Masahide , Suzuki Yutaka , Omotezako Tatsuya , Suyama Ritsuko , Masunaga Aki , Plessy Charles , Luscombe Nicholas M. , Dantec Christelle , Lemaire Patrick , Itoh Takehiko , Toyoda Atsushi , Nishida Hiroki , Onuma Takeshi A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe larvacean Oikopleura dioica is a planktonic chordate and is a tunicate that belongs to the closest relatives to vertebrates. Its simple and transparent body, invariant embryonic cell lineages, and short life cycle of 5 days make it a promising model organism for the study of developmental biology. The genome browser OikoBase was established in 2013 using Norwegian O. dioica. However, genome information for other populations is not available, even though many researchers have studied local populations. In the present study, we sequenced using Illumina and PacBio RSII technologies the genome of O. dioica from a southwestern Japanese population that was cultured in our laboratory for 3 years. The genome of Japanese O. dioica was assembled into 576 scaffold sequences with a total length and N50 length of 56.6 and 1.5 Mb, respectively. A total of 18,743 gene models (transcript models) were predicted in the genome assembly, named OSKA2016. In addition, 19,277 non‐redundant transcripts were assembled using RNA‐seq data. The OSKA2016 has global sequence similarity of only 86.5% when compared with the OikoBase, highlighting the sequence difference between the two far distant O. dioica populations on the globe. The genome assembly, transcript assembly, and transcript models were incorporated into ANISEED (https://www.aniseed.cnrs.fr/) for genome browsing and BLAST searches. Mapping of reads obtained from male‐ or female‐specific genome libraries yielded male‐specific scaffolds in the OSKA2016 and revealed that over 2.6 Mb of sequence were included in the male‐specific Y‐region. The genome and transcriptome resources from two distinct populations will be useful datasets for developmental biology, evolutionary biology, and molecular ecology using this model organism.
Sex differences in olfactory social recognition memory in meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus
Authors: Clark Kelsey E. , Messler Kaitlynn A. , Ferkin Michael H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTerrestrial mammals, like rodents, use odors, and scent marks to indicate their presence in an area to conspecifics. These odors convey information about the scent donor's genotype, sex, condition, and age. The ability to discriminate among the scent marks of conspecifics and later recollect the identity of the donor is essential for choosing between familiar and unfamiliar mates. We tested the hypothesis that the promiscuous meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) can recollect the odor of a familiar, opposite‐sex conspecific and distinguish it from that of an unfamiliar, opposite‐sex conspecific. We also hypothesized that because reproductive success is highly skewed among male meadow voles and competition for mates is intense, males will be more likely than females to recollect the odor of a familiar, opposite‐sex conspecific and distinguish it from that of an unfamiliar, opposite‐sex conspecific, for a longer period of time. Using a habituation task, we first exposed the voles, 4 times successively, to the anogenital area scent of an opposite‐sex conspecific. Then, 1 hr, 24 hrs, 72 hrs, or 96 hrs after the fourth exposure, voles were presented with the odor of the donor from the exposure phase (familiar donor) and that of an unfamiliar, opposite‐sex conspecific. Female meadow voles spent similar amounts of time investigating the scent of the familiar male donor and that of an unfamiliar male donor after the 1‐hr and 24‐hr intervals. Male meadow voles, however, spent more time with the scent of an unfamiliar female donor than that of the familiar female donor after the 1‐hr, 24‐hr, and 72‐hr intervals, suggesting that male voles could recollect the scent mark of a familiar female for at least three days. The implications of these sex differences in social memory may reflect the different strategies male and female meadow voles use in the recognition of previous and potential mates. Recognition of an individual's scents may enhance fitness by allowing animals to direct appropriate behaviors toward those individuals.
Plumage colouration in gulls responds to their non‐breeding climatic niche
Authors: Dufour Paul , Guerra Carande Julia , Renaud Julien , Renoult Julien P. , Lavergne Sébastien , Crochet Pierre‐André 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAimGlobal variation in animal colouration has inspired ecogeographical rules that suggest common patterns of recurrent adaptations to climate. However, little attention has been paid to the relative influence of the different climatic conditions encountered by species during their annual life cycle. We explored this question by testing whether breeding or non‐breeding climatic conditions most influence plumage colouration in gulls, a cosmopolitan group of birds with extensive variation in plumage darkness and seasonal migratory strategies.LocationGlobal.Time periodContemporary.Major taxa studiedAll species and subspecies of gulls (Aves, Laridae).MethodsWe used literature data and digital images to assess two characteristics of plumage colouration in all 80 species and subspecies of gulls: the darkness of the mantle and the proportion of black on wingtips. For each species and subspecies, we collected data on migration distance and environmental variables across its breeding and non‐breeding range for both breeding and non‐breeding seasons. We performed a phylogenetic comparative analysis to quantify the relative influence of climatic conditions experienced during the breeding and non‐breeding season on plumage colouration.ResultsThe climatic conditions encountered during the non‐breeding season explained interspecific variation in colouration better than the climate experienced during the breeding season. In accordance with hypotheses on the role of dark colouration in thermoregulation and feather protection, darker mantle colouration was positively correlated with insolation and negatively with air temperature. The proportion of black on wingtips was greater for long distance migrants wintering under insolated conditions than short distance migrants or residents occupying less insolated regions.Main conclusionsIn gulls, plumage colouration is predominantly shaped by selection experienced outside the breeding period, in accordance with the hypothesized photoprotective and thermoregulatory functions of avian plumage. This highlights the importance of taking into account seasonality and migration to understand global spatial patterns of avian colouration.