bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of toxic dye Eosin Y from aqueous solution by clay/carbon composite derived from spent bleaching earth
Authors: Liu Yongde , Chen Yao , Shi Yahui , Wan Dongjin , Chen Jing , Xiao Shuhu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe environmentally friendly clay/carbon composite (SBE/C) was prepared by one‐step pyrolysis under N2 atmosphere at 700°C of spent bleaching earth (SBE) from the industrial waste of the refined oil industry. SBE/C was tested to remove anionic dye Eosin Y from aqueous water. The results revealed that SBE/C had larger specific surface area than SBE, and the equilibrium adsorption capacity of SBE/C (11.15 mg/g) was about 3 times than that of SBE (4.04 mg/g). The adsorption process was found to be exothermic and spontaneous. The adsorption capacity of SBE/C was independent on pH (5–12), and exhibits satisfactorily recyclable performance. Combined with characterization analysis, the adsorption mechanism likely includes electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, halogen bonding, and π‐π interaction. Overall, this exploration of SBE/C might open a window to the design of an efficient and low‐cost adsorbent for Eosin Y dye elimination from wastewater.Practitioner points

The resource utilization of industrial waste SBE was achieved.

SBE/C was synthesized and tested to adsorb Eosin Y for the first time.

SBE/C had characteristics with porous structure and large surface area.

pH had little effect on adsorption capacity of SBE/C for Eosin Y.

SBE/C exhibited potential for dye elimination from wastewater.
Clustering method for censored and collinear survival data
Authors: Liverani Silvia , Leigh Lucy , Hudson Irene L. , Byles Julie E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this paper we propose a Dirichlet process mixture model for censored survival data with covariates. This model is suitable in two scenarios. First, this method can be used to identify clusters determined by both the censored survival data and the predictors. Second, this method is suitable for highly correlated predictors, in cases when the usual survival models cannot be implemented because they would be unstable due to multicollinearity. The Dirichlet process mixture model links a response vector to covariate data through cluster membership and in this paper this model is extended for mixtures of Weibull distributions, which can be used to model survival times and also allow for censoring. We propose two variants of this model, one with a shape parameter common to all clusters (referred to as a global parameter) for the Weibull distributions and one with a cluster-specific shape parameter. The first satisfies the proportional hazard assumption, while the latter is very flexible, as it has the advantage of allowing estimation of the survival curve whether or not the proportional hazards assumption is satisfied. We present a simulation study and, to demonstrate the applicability of the method in practice, a real application to sleep surveys in older women from The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. The method developed in the paper is available in the R package PReMiuM.
Characterization of highly active 2-keto-3-deoxy-L-arabinonate and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-xylonate dehydratases in terms of the biotransformation of hemicellulose sugars to chemicals
Authors: Sutiono Samuel , Siebers Bettina , Sieber Volker 
Published: June 2020

Abstract2-keto-3-L-arabinonate dehydratase (L-KdpD) and 2-keto-3-D-xylonate dehydratase (D-KdpD) are the third enzymes in the Weimberg pathway catalyzing the dehydration of respective 2-keto-3-deoxy sugar acids (KDP) to α-ketoglutaric semialdehyde (KGSA). The Weimberg pathway has been explored recently with respect to the synthesis of chemicals from L-arabinose and D-xylose. However, only limited work has been done toward characterizing these two enzymes. In this work, several new L-KdpDs and D-KdpDs were cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Following kinetic characterizations and kinetic stability studies, the L-KdpD from Cupriavidus necator (CnL-KdpD) and D-KdpD from Pseudomonas putida (PpD-KdpD) appeared to be the most promising variants from each enzyme class. Magnesium had no effect on CnL-KdpD, whereas increased activity and stability were observed for PpD-KdpD in the presence of Mg2+. Furthermore, CnL-KdpD was not inhibited in the presence of L-arabinose and L-arabinonate, whereas PpD-KdpD was inhibited with D-xylonate (I50 of 75 mM), but not with D-xylose. Both enzymes were shown to be highly active in the one-step conversions of L-KDP and D-KDP. CnL-KdpD converted > 95% of 500 mM L-KDP to KGSA in the first 2 h while PpD-KdpD converted > 90% of 500 mM D-KDP after 4 h. Both enzymes in combination were able to convert 83% of a racemic mixture of D,L-KDP (500 mM) after 4 h, with both enzymes being specific toward the respective stereoisomer.

Key points• L-KdpDs and D-KdpDs are specific toward L- and D-KDP, respectively.• Mg2+affected activity and stabilities of D-KdpDs, but not of L-KdpDs.• CnL-KdpD and PpD-KdpD converted 0.5 M of each KDP isomer reaching 95 and 90% yield.• Both enzymes in combination converted 0.5 M racemic D,L-KDP reaching 83% yield.
PI3K pathway protein analyses in metastatic breast cancer patients receiving standard everolimus and exemestane
Authors: Kruger Dinja T. , Opdam Mark , van der Noort Vincent , Sanders Joyce , Nieuwenhuis Michiel , de Valk Bart , Beelen Karin J. , Linn Sabine C. , Boven Epie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Everolimus plus exemestane (EVE/EXE) is a registered treatment option for ER-positive, HER2-negative (ER +/HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (MBC), but resistance mechanisms limit efficacy. We aimed to find markers that might help select patients with a higher chance on benefit from EVE/EXE.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of PTEN, p-AKT(Thr308), p-AKT(Ser473), p-4EBP1, p-p70S6K, p-S6RP(Ser240/244), p-ERK1/2 and p-S6RP (Ser235/236) was performed on primary tumour tissue and on biopsies immediately taken from ER +/HER2- MBC patients before the start of standard EVE/EXE (Eudract 2013-004120-11). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was executed to create heatmaps to distinguish subgroups of preferentially activated and less-activated PI3K/MAPK proteins. Uni- and multivariate Cox models were used for associations with PFS.

Results
Primary tumour tissue from 145 patients was retrieved. Median PFS was 5.4 months. Patients without (neo)adjuvant therapy (p = 0.03) or bone only disease (p = 0.04) had longer PFS on EVE/EXE. In primary tumours, neither single proteins nor PI3K/MAPK-associated heatmap subgroups were significantly associated with PFS. In 21 patients a non-osseous biopsy obtained before dosing was useful for continuous scoring, which demonstrated upregulation of several proteins as compared to readings in corresponding primary tumour tissues. These comparisons revealed that increased expression of p-4EBP1 was significantly associated with worse PFS (multivariate HR 3.69, p = 0.05).

Conclusions
IHC of single proteins or heatmap subgroups of the differentially activated PI3K/MAPK pathways was not able to discriminate patients on EVE/EXE with poor or better PFS. Upregulation of p-4EBP1 in pre-treatment biopsies as compared to levels in primary tumours pointed towards shorter PFS.
Ultrastructural changes of smooth and rough titanium implant surfaces induced by metal and plastic periodontal probes
Authors: Folwaczny Matthias , Rudolf Torsten , Frasheri Iris , Betthäuser Madlena 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To determine the ultrastructural changes of titanium surfaces of dental implants induced by the tip of periodontal probes.

Materials and methods
A total of 40 samples of smooth and rough surfaces of titanium implants were randomly assigned for the treatment with metal or plastic periodontal probes under application angles of 20° and 60°. Titanium surfaces have been evaluated with CLSM prior and following to experimental probing determining various standardized 2D and 3D roughness parameters.

Results
The average profile and surface roughness (Ra and Sa) showed no significant difference between treated and untreated samples on smooth and rough surface areas irrespective of the probe material. On smooth surfaces several amplitude roughness parameters were increased with metal probes but reached significance only for Rp (p = 0.007). Rough surface parts showed a slight but not significant reduction of roughness following to the contact with metal probes. The surface roughness remained almost unchanged on smooth and rough implant surfaces using plastic probes. The surface roughness on implant surfaces was not dependent on the application angle irrespective of the probe material.

Conclusion
Probing of titanium implants with metal probes and even less with plastic probes causes only minor changes of the surface roughness. The clinical significance of these changes remains to be elucidated.

Clinical relevance
Using plastic probes for the clinical evaluation of the peri-implant sulcus might avoid ultrastructural changes to titanium implant surfaces.
Acrocomia aculeata fruits from three regions in Costa Rica: an assessment of biometric parameters, oil content and oil fatty acid composition to evaluate industrial potential
Authors: Alfaro-Solís Jose David , Montoya-Arroyo Alexander , Jiménez Víctor M. , Arnáez-Serrano Elizabeth , Pérez Jason , Vetter Walter , Frank Jan , Lewandowski Iris 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDue to increased global demand for vegetable oils, diversification of the supply chain with sustainable sources is necessary. Acrocomia aculeata has recently gained attention as a multi-purpose, sustainable crop for oil production. However, the information necessary for effective selection of promising varieties for agricultural production is lacking. The aim of this study was to assess variability in fruit morphology and oil composition of individual Acrocomia aculeata plants growing wild in different climatic regions of Costa Rica. Fruits at the same ripening stage were collected at three locations, and biometric features, oil content, fatty acid composition of oils from kernels and pulp, as well as fiber composition of husks were determined. Biometric parameters showed high variability among the regions assessed. Moreover, oil content and relative proportions of unsaturated fatty acids were higher at the most tropical location, whereas lauric acid content was lowest under these conditions, indicating a potential environmental effect on oil composition. Pulp oil content correlated positively with annual precipitation and relative humidity, but no clear relation to temperature was observed. The oil chemical composition was similar to that reported for Elaeis guineensis, suggesting that Acrocomia aculeata from Costa Rica may be a suitable alternative for industrial applications currently based on African palm oil. Analysis of husks as a coproduct revealed the possibility of obtaining materials with high lignin and low water and ash contents that could be used as a solid bioenergy source. In conclusion, Acrocomia aculeata oil is a promising alternative for industrial applications currently based on African palm oil and byproducts of its oil production could find additional use as a renewable energy source.
Evolution of Surface Density Function in an Open Turbulent Jet Spray Flame
Authors: Malkeson S. P. , Ahmed U. , Pillai A. L. , Chakraborty N. , Kurose R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA three-dimensional Direct Numerical Simulation of an open turbulent jet spray flame representing a laboratory-scale burner configuration has been used to analyse the statistical behaviours of the magnitude of reaction progress variable gradient $$\left| {\nabla c} \right|$$

∇
c

[alternatively known as the Surface Density Function (SDF)] and the strain rates, which affect its evolution. The flame has been found to exhibit fuel-lean combustion close to the jet exit, but fuel-rich conditions have been obtained further downstream due to the evaporation of fuel droplets, which leads to the reduction in the mean value of the SDF in the downstream direction. This change in mixture composition in the axial direction has implications on the statistical behaviours of the SDF and the strain rates affecting its evolution. The mean value of dilatation rate remains positive, whereas the mean normal strain rate assumes positive values where the effects of heat release are strong but becomes negative towards both unburned and burned gas sides. The mean values of dilatation rate, normal strain rate and tangential strain rate decrease downstream of the jet exit. However, the mean behaviours of displacement speed and its components do not change significantly away from the jet exit. The mean values of normal strain rate arising from flame propagation remain positive and thus act to thicken the flame. The mean tangential strain rate due to flame propagation (alternatively the curvature stretch rate) remains negative throughout the flame at all axial locations investigated. The mean effective normal strain rate assumes positive values throughout the flame and it increases in the downstream direction for the present case, which is consistent with the reduction in the peak mean value of the SDF in the axial direction. The mean effective tangential strain rate (alternatively stretch rate) assumes negative values throughout the flame at all axial locations.
Negations in uncertainty lexicon affect attention, decision-making and trust
Authors: Juanchich Marie , Shepherd Theodore G. , Sirota Miroslav 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) currently communicates uncertainty using a lexicon that features four negative verbal probabilities to convey extremely low to medium probabilities (e.g. unlikely). We compare a positive probability lexicon with the IPCC lexicon in a series of psychology experiments. We find that although the positive and negative lexicons convey a similar level of probability, the positive lexicon directs more attention towards the outcome occurrence and encourages more cautious decisions: in our role-playing experiment, it reduced the number of type 2 errors, i.e. failures to make needed precautionary interventions. Whilst participants considered the negative lexicon more useful in making a decision, they trusted the positive lexicon more and blamed information providers less after making an incorrect decision. Our results suggest that the negative verbal framing of probabilities used by the IPCC is not neutral and has implications for how climate information is interpreted by decision-makers.
Linearly equivalent S-boxes and the division property
Authors: Lambin Baptiste , Derbez Patrick , Fouque Pierre-Alain 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDivision property is a cryptanalysis method that proves to be very efficient on block ciphers. Computer-aided techniques such as MILP have been widely and successfully used to study various cryptanalysis techniques, and it especially led to many new results for the division property. Nonetheless, we claim that the previous techniques do not consider the full search space. We show that even if the previous techniques fail to find a distinguisher based on the division property over a given function, we can potentially find a relevant distinguisher over a linearly equivalent function. We show that the representation of the block cipher heavily influences the propagation of the division property, and exploiting this, we give an algorithm to efficiently search for such linear mappings. As a result, we exhibit a new distinguisher over 10 rounds of , while the previous best was over 9 rounds, and rule out such a distinguisher over more than 9 rounds of . We also give some insight about the construction of an S-box to strengthen a block cipher against our technique. We prove that using an S-box satisfying a certain criterion is optimal in term of resistance against classical division property. Accordingly, we exhibit stronger variants of and , improving the resistance against division property based distinguishers by 2 rounds.
Cosmic structures from a mathematical perspective 1: dark matter halo mass density profiles
Authors: Wagner Jenny 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe shapes of individual self-gravitating structures of an ensemble of identical, collisionless particles have remained elusive for decades. In particular, a reason why mass density profiles like the Navarro–Frenk–White or the Einasto profile are good fits to simulation- and observation-based dark matter halos has not been found. Given the class of three dimensional, spherically symmetric power-law probability density distributions to locate individual particles in the ensemble mentioned above, we derive the constraining equation for the power-law index for the most and least likely joint ensemble configurations. We find that any dark matter halo can be partitioned into three regions: a core, an intermediate part, and an outskirts part up to boundary radius $$r_\mathrm {max}$$

r
max

. The power-law index of the core is determined by the mean radius of the particle distribution within the core. The intermediate region becomes isothermal in the limit of infinitely many particles. The slope of the mass density profile far from the centre is determined by the choice of $$r_\mathrm {max}$$

r
max

with respect to the outmost halo particle, such that two typical limiting cases arise that explain the $$r^{-3}$$

r

-
3

-slope for galaxy-cluster outskirts and the $$r^{-4}$$

r

-
4

-slope for galactic outskirts. Hence, we succeed in deriving the mass density profiles of common fitting functions from a general viewpoint. These results also allow to find a simple explanation for the cusp-core-problem and to separate the halo description from its dynamics.
Edge effects and human disturbance influence soil physical and chemical properties in Sacred Church Forests in Ethiopia
Authors: Cardelús Catherine L. , Mekonnen Amare Bitew , Jensen Kelsey H. , Woods Carrie L. , Baez Mabel C. , Montufar Martha , Bazany Kathryn , Tsegay Berhanu Abraha , Scull Peter R. , Peck William H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTropical forests are increasingly threatened by edge effects as forest degradation and deforestation continues, compromising soil integrity, seedling regeneration capacity, and ecosystem services. Ninety-three percent of the last remaining forests of northern Ethiopia, which number 1022 in the South Gondar region of our study, are <16 ha and are protected because they have a Tewahido Orthodox Christian church at their center. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of human disturbance, forest size, distance from population center and other factors on the soil properties and nutrient status of sacred church forests. We also compared forest soil physical and chemical properties across land cover types in these forests.MethodsWe assessed the soil physical (water content and bulk density) and chemical (total carbon and nitrogen, available phosphorus, ammonium) properties of 40 sacred church forests across three spatial scales: within individual forests; among forests; and across land cover type (forest, forest edge-exterior,Eucalyptusplantation). We used distance from the edge within each forest to examine edge effects on soil nutrients.ResultsWe found that nutrients and carbon decreased significantly from the interior to the outer edge of these forests and with forest size. Further, the soil ofEucalyptusplantations and areas outside of the forest were largely indistinguishable; both had significantly lower nutrient concentrations than sacred church forest soil.ConclusionOur research highlights the insidious impacts of edge effects and human disturbance on forest soils and the need for an integrated soil management program in the region that balances local needs with forest conservation. The conservation of these sacred church forests is important for maintaining regional soil nutrient status relative to agricultural lands andEucalyptusplantations.
Maximum on a random time interval of a random walk with infinite mean
Authors: Denisov Denis 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLet $$\xi _1,\xi _2,\ldots $$

ξ
1

,

ξ
2

,
…

be independent, identically distributed random variables with infinite mean $${\mathbf {E}}[|\xi _1|]=\infty .$$

E
[
|

ξ
1

|
]
=
∞
.

Consider a random walk $$S_n=\xi _1+\cdots +\xi _n$$

S
n

=

ξ
1

+
⋯
+

ξ
n

, a stopping time $$\tau =\min \{n\ge 1: S_n\le 0\}$$

τ
=
min
{
n
≥
1
:

S
n

≤
0
}

and let $$M_\tau =\max _{0\le i\le \tau } S_i$$

M
τ

=

max

0
≤
i
≤
τ

S
i

. We study the asymptotics for $${\mathbf {P}}(M_\tau >x),$$

P
(

M
τ

>
x
)
,

as $$x\rightarrow \infty $$

x
→
∞

.
Activity recognition using wearable sensors for tracking the elderly
Authors: Paraschiakos Stylianos , Cachucho Ricardo , Moed Matthijs , van Heemst Diana , Mooijaart Simon , Slagboom Eline P. , Knobbe Arno , Beekman Marian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA population group that is often overlooked in the recent revolution of self-tracking is the group of older people. This growing proportion of the general population is often faced with increasing health issues and discomfort. In order to come up with lifestyle advice towards the elderly, we need the ability to quantify their lifestyle, before and after an intervention. This research focuses on the task of activity recognition (AR) from accelerometer data. With that aim, we collect a substantial labelled dataset of older individuals wearing multiple devices simultaneously and performing a strict protocol of 16 activities (the GOTOV dataset,$$N=28$$N=28). Using this dataset, we trained Random Forest AR models, under varying sensor set-ups and levels of activity description granularity. The model that combines ankle and wrist accelerometers (GENEActiv) produced the best results (accuracy$$>80\%$$>80%) for 16-class classification. At the same time, when additional physiological information is used, the accuracy increased ($$>85\%$$>85%). To further investigate the role of granularity in our predictions, we developed the LARA algorithm, which uses a hierarchical ontology that captures prior biological knowledge to increase or decrease the level of activity granularity (merge classes). As a result, a 12-class model in which the different paces of walking were merged showed a performance above$$93\%$$93%. Testing this 12-class model in labelled free-living pilot data, the mean balanced accuracy appeared to be reasonably high, while using the LARA algorithm, we show that a 7-class model (lying down, sitting, standing, household, walking, cycling, jumping) was optimal for accuracy and granularity. Finally, we demonstrate the use of the latter model in unlabelled free-living data from a larger lifestyle intervention study. In this paper, we make the validation data as well as the derived prediction models available to the community.