bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Spider‐Capture‐Silk‐Like Fiber with Extremely High‐Volume Directional Water Collection
Authors: Venkatesan Harun , Chen Jianming , Liu Haiyang , Liu Wei , Hu Jinlian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA spider web collects water by its capture silk for recovering the daytime‐distorted shape during night through water‐sensitive shape memory effect. This unique smart function and geometrical structure of spider‐capture‐silk inspires the development of artificial fibers with periodic knots for directional water collection with vast potential applications in water scarce regions. Existing such fibers are mainly based on nylon filaments coated with petroleum‐originated synthetic polymer solutions. Distinct from using synthetic materials, an all silk‐protein fiber (ASPF) with periodic knots endows extremely high volume‐to‐mass water collection capability. This fiber has a main body consisting of B. mori degummed silk coated with recombinant engineered major ampullate spidroin 2 of spider dragline silk. It is 252 times lighter than synthetic polymer coated nylon fibers that once was reported to have the highest water collection performance. The ASPF collects a maximum water volume of 6.6 µL and has a 100 times higher water collection efficiency compared to existing best water collection artificial fibers in terms of volume‐to‐mass index at the shortest length (0.8 mm) of three‐phase contact line. Since silkworm silks are available abundantly, effective use of recombinant spidroins tandemly shows great potential for scalability.
Electrochemical Activation of Manganese‐Based Cathode in Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Electrolyte
Authors: Zhang Tengsheng , Tang Yan , Fang Guozhao , Zhang Chenyang , Zhang Hongliang , Guo Xun , Cao Xinxin , Zhou Jiang , Pan Anqiang , Liang Shuquan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractLow‐cost and highly safe zinc‐manganese batteries are expected for practical energy storage and grid‐scale application. The electrolyte adjustment is further combined to boost their performance output; however, the mechanism behind the electrochemical contrast caused by electrolyte composition remains unclear, which has held back the development of these systems. Hence, new insight into the electrochemical activation of manganese‐based cathodes, which is induced by the aqueous zinc‐ion electrolyte, is provided. The relationship between the desolvation of Zn2+ from [Zn(OH2)6]2+‐solvation shell and the electrolyte/electrode interfacial reaction to form Zn4SO4(OH)6·4H2O phase or its analogues is established, which is the key for the electrochemical activation. Further electrolyte optimization promotes the cycling stability of Zn/LiMn2O4 battery with a long life span over 2000 cycles. This work illuminates the confused direction in exploring electrolyte for zinc‐manganese batteries.
MXene Materials for Designing Advanced Separation Membranes
Authors: Karahan Hüseyin Enis , Goh Kunli , Zhang Chuanfang (John) , Yang Euntae , Yıldırım Cansu , Chuah Chong Yang , Ahunbay M. Göktuğ , Lee Jaewoo , Tantekin‐Ersolmaz Ş. Birgül , Chen Yuan , Bae Tae‐Hyun 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMXenes are emerging rapidly as a new family of multifunctional nanomaterials with prospective applications rivaling that of graphenes. Herein, a timely account of the design and performance evaluation of MXene‐based membranes is provided. First, the preparation and physicochemical characteristics of MXenes are outlined, with a focus on exfoliation, dispersion stability, and processability, which are crucial factors for membrane fabrication. Then, different formats of MXene‐based membranes in the literature are introduced, comprising pristine or intercalated nanolaminates and polymer‐based nanocomposites. Next, the major membrane processes so far pursued by MXenes are evaluated, covering gas separation, wastewater treatment, desalination, and organic solvent purification. The potential utility of MXenes in phase inversion and interfacial polymerization, as well as layer‐by‐layer assembly for the preparation of nanocomposite membranes, is also critically discussed. Looking forward, exploiting the high electrical conductivity and catalytic activity of certain MXenes is put into perspective for niche applications that are not easily achievable by other nanomaterials. Furthermore, the benefits of simulation/modeling approaches for designing MXene‐based membranes are exemplified. Overall, critical insights are provided for materials science and membrane communities to navigate better while exploring the potential of MXenes for developing advanced separation membranes.
Disorder‐Induced Signal Filtering with Topological Metamaterials
Authors: Zangeneh‐Nejad Farzad , Fleury Romain 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDisorder, ubiquitously present in realistic structures, is generally thought to disturb the performance of analog wave devices, as it often causes strong multiple scattering effects that largely arrest wave transportation. Contrary to this general view, here, it is shown that, in some wave systems with nontrivial topological character, strong randomness can be highly beneficial, acting as a powerful stimulator to enable desired analog filtering operations. This is achieved in a topological Anderson sonic crystal that, in the regime of dominating randomness, provides a well‐defined filtering response characterized by a Lorentzian spectral line‐shape. The theoretical and experimental results, serving as the first realization of topological Anderson insulator phase in acoustics, suggest the striking possibility of achieving specific, nonrandom analog filtering operations by adding randomness to clean structures.
Emerging Bioinspired Artificial Woods
Authors: Yu Zhi‐Long , Qin Bing , Ma Zhi‐Yuan , Gao Yu‐Cheng , Guan Qing‐Fang , Yang Huai‐Bin , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAs an abundant natural resource, wood has gained great attention for thousands of years, spanning from the primitive construction materials to the modern high‐added‐value engineering materials. The unique delicate microstructures and the wonderful properties (e.g., low‐density, high strength and stiffness, good toughness, and environmental sustainability) have made wood a natural source of inspiration that guides researchers to invent various wood‐inspired materials. Herein, as an emerging material system, bioinspired artificial wood, with similar cellular structures and comparable mechanical properties, is discussed in the view of the design concept, fabrication strategy, properties, and possible applications. The present challenges and further research opportunities are also presented for artificial woods to thrive. To achieve the final eco‐friendly artificial wood, more endeavors should be made in biomaterials and biodegradable or recyclable engineering of polymers to gain high mechanical properties and environmental sustainability simultaneously.
Tunable Magnetic Antiskyrmion Size and Helical Period from Nanometers to Micrometers in a D2d Heusler Compound
Authors: Ma Tianping , Sharma Ankit K. , Saha Rana , Srivastava Abhay K. , Werner Peter , Vir Praveen , Kumar Vivek , Felser Claudia , Parkin Stuart S. P. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSkyrmions and antiskyrmions are magnetic nano‐objects with distinct chiral, noncollinear spin textures that are found in various magnetic systems with crystal symmetries that give rise to specific Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya exchange vectors. These magnetic nano‐objects are associated with closely related helical spin textures that can form in the same material. The skyrmion size and the period of the helix are generally considered as being determined, in large part, by the ratio of the magnitude of the Heisenberg to that of the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya exchange interaction. In this work, it is shown by real‐space magnetic imaging that the helix period λ and the size of the antiskyrmion daSk in the D2d compound Mn1.4PtSn can be systematically tuned by more than an order of magnitude from ≈100 nm to more than 1.1 µm by varying the thickness of the lamella in which they are observed. The chiral spin texture is verified to be preserved even up to micrometer‐thick layers. This extreme size tunability is shown to arise from long‐range magnetodipolar interactions, which typically play a much less important role for B20 skyrmions. This tunability in size makes antiskyrmions very attractive for technological applications.
Whether Addition of Phenethylammonium Ion is Always Beneficial to Stability Enhancement of MAPbI3 Perovskite Film?
Authors: Lei Nuo , Pan Lu , Ye Tao , Chen Shuang , Wang Xi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe recent studies widely believe that the stability of (PEA)2PbI4/MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be progressively increased with the addition of phenethylammonium ion (PEA+). Herein, it is reported on the stability variations after the addition of PEA+ into the MAPbI3 film and it is demonstrated that excess PEA+ has negative effect on the stability of (PEA)2PbI4/MAPbI3 perovskite film. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy are utilized to testify that the excess PEA+ damages the MAPbI3 crystal structure and generates defects due to the strong coordination between NH3+ from PEA+ and I− from [PbI6]4−. This work reveals that the stability of (PEA)2PbI4/MAPbI3 perovskite films is not proportional to the addition of PEA+, which is of interest for the developing of stable 2D/3D PSCs.
Targeted Synthesis of Polymer and Microporous Carbon Nanofibers via Temperature‐Dependent and Molecularly‐Triggered Interfacial Assembly
Authors: Shi Lei , Li Wen‐Cui , Zhang Xiang‐Qian , Lu An‐Hui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMicroporous carbon nanofibers (CNFs) derived from polymer nanofibers (PNFs), featured with short radial diffusion length of ions, have been proposed as ideal electrode materials for energy storage devices. However, lacking precise control of selective formation of fibrous micelle templates, the targeted synthesis of microporous CNFs is still a challenge. To address this issue, PNFs are first fabricated by using triblock copolymer F127 as the structure directing agent via the temperature‐dependent and molecularly‐triggered interfacial assembly process. Two crucial factors are figured that determine the fibrous morphology of the assembled polymer. At suitable temperatures, F127 starts to form fibrous micelles, and molecular trigger hexamethylenetetramine generates formaldehyde and ammonia in situ. Then, phenolic polymer assemble around the fibrous micelles, following with the formation of PNFs. This feasible synthesis method can grow PNFs and precisely control the PNFs' diameters ranging from 30 to 80 nm. Microporous CNFs with high specific surface area of 1175 m2 g−1, and an average diameter of 40 nm can be prepared through carbonization of PNFs and an activation step. Taking such microporous CNFs as electrode materials for a supercapacitor, they exhibit an excellent specific capacitance 295 F g−1 at a high current density 50 A g−1.
Improved Electrochemical Performance of Sodium/Potassium‐Ion Batteries in Ether‐Based Electrolyte: Cases Study of MoS2@C and Fe7S8@C Anodes
Authors: Zhang Chengzhi , Wang Fei , Han Fei , Wu Huang , Zhang Fuquan , Zhang Guanhua , Liu Jinshui 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTransition‐metal sulfides (TMSs) are extensively investigated as anodes of low‐cost sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) due to their abundant resources and high theoretical capacity. However, their poor cyclability and low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) in ester‐based electrolytes severely impede their application in SIBs and KIBs. To overcome these drawbacks, ether‐based electrolytes are considered as alternatives, but its fundamental principle remains rarely reported and poorly understood. Herein, the electrochemical performance of MoS2@C electrodes is explored using both carbonate and ether‐based solvents. The MoS2@C exhibits a higher ICE and Na/K‐ion storage capacity (a reversible specific capacity of 625 mAh g−1 with ICE of 80% for SIBs, and a capacity of 241 mAh g−1 with ICE of 81% for KIBs, respectively) in dimethyl ether (DME) electrolytes than in ethylene carbonate and diethylene carbonate (EC/DEC) electrolytes. Experimental measurements and theoretical calculation show that the DME electrolytes help to optimize the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) composition, facilitate charge transport, reduce the energy barrier for Na/K‐ions migration and reinforcing geometry architecture, thus endowing excellent electrochemical performance. Importantly, this electrolyte optimization solution can be extended to other TMSs, such as Fe7S8@C anodes, demonstrating an exact match between the TMSs and DME electrolytes.
Extraordinary Mass Transport and Self‐Assembly: A Pathway to Fabricate Luminescent CsPbBr3 and Light‐Emitting Diodes by Vapor‐Phase Deposition
Authors: Dumont Antoine , Ho Kevin , Kung Hao‐Ting , Qiu Chenyue , Li Peicheng , Luo Deying , Zhao Yongbiao , Walker Gilbert , Lu Zheng‐Hong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHalide perovskites have been shown to be promising materials in making light‐emitting diodes. At present, almost all of perovskite materials are made by solution‐based synthesis. There are very limited reports on fabricating perovskite LEDs by vapor‐phase deposition (VPD), a method that can be easily scaled up for commercial production. In this paper, dual‐source VPD is used to fabricate stable CsPbBr3 perovskite thin films with excellent luminescent properties. Scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope studies show that CsPbBr3 films, when coated with a thin LiBr overlayer, demonstrate an extraordinary mass transport at room temperature to re‐assemble into well‐defined islands. LiBr is also shown to passivate nonradiative defects and boost photoluminescence performance of the CsPbBr3, improving the intensity by a factor of 11 for a nominal 18 nm perovskite film and leading to extremely narrow photoluminescence peaks (16 nm FWHM). This self‐assembled perovskite LED shows major improvement in the electroluminescence performance, almost tripling the brightness of reference devices. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement shows that surface LiBr improves Cs/Pb chemical stoichiometry, reduces Br vacancies, and shift the Fermi energy level toward conduction band minimum.
Optically Tunable Bifunctional Structures Fabricated by Hybrid Imprint‐Photo Lithography (HIPL)
Authors: Lim Haneol , Park Byeonghak , Choi Se‐Jin , Beak Seungjoon , Kim Tae‐il 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOptically tunable bifunctional structures are created by hybrid imprint‐photo lithography (HIPL), which is a combination of photolithography and soft lithography via a structured photomask. Prismatic patterns are formed on a flexible photomask, and the structured photomask is exploited as an imprint mold to create two‐layered microstructures that show a tunable refraction property. Fabricated microstructures, such as the perpendicularly aligned cross‐prismatic island (PAC‐PI), show optically dual functionality that originates from each optical property of the upper and lower layers in two‐layered structures with symmetric light collimation in the vertical and horizontal axes along both directions of the upper and lower prismatic layers, whereas a single conventional prismatic film shows only one‐axis collimation. Moreover, tunability of the light collimation, which can be modulated by varying the area ratio of the upper and lower layers from 80% to 20% using optical simulation, is demonstrated. Such optically tunable bifunction on a single sheet could potentially reduce the number of required optical sheets, such as the liquid crystal display backlight unit (LCD BLU). This new hybrid lithography process could provide a potential pathway to construct highly complex optical components, such as planar waveguide, microlight emitting diode, virtual reality/augmented reality, and holographic display devices.
Metal‐to‐Ligand Charge Transfer Chirality Sensing of d‐Glucose Assisted with GOX‐Based Enzymatic Reaction
Authors: Hao Junjie , Li Yiwen , Xu Xiaoqian , Zhao Fenghuan , Pan Ruikun , Li Junzi , Liu Haochen , Wang Kai , Li Jiagen , Zhu Xi , Delville Marie‐Hélène , Zhang Ming , He Tingchao , Cheng Jiaji 
Published: June 2020

AbstractChiral transition metal oxides nanoparticles (NPs) with tunable optical properties are widely accepted as promising toolbox for chiral recognition, stereoselective synthesis, and chiroptical devices. Herein, chirality‐based strategy is presented for discrimination of d‐glucose from its enantiomer through a cooperative synergy between chiral cysteine capped MoO2 NPs and the glucose oxidase nanosystem. The valence‐state‐dependent chirality induced by metal‐ligand charge transfer effect is found to be ultrasensitive to its redox environment such as the presence of hydrogen peroxide, which is a key indicator of the stereoselective enzymatic reaction between glucose oxidase and d‐glucose. With this know‐how, glucose enantiomers can be precisely quantified with a limit of detection of 0.446 µm. Such a chiral bio‐nanosystem would be an ideal platform for a rational design of new types of biosensors, photocatalysts, and chirality‐based nanodevices.
Prediction by Convolutional Neural Networks of CO2/N2 Selectivity in Porous Carbons from N2 Adsorption Isotherm at 77 K
Authors: Wang Song , Li Yi , Dai Sheng , Jiang De‐en 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPorous carbons are an important class of porous materials with many applications, including gas separation. An N2 adsorption isotherm at 77 K is the most widely used approach to characterize porosity. Conventionally, textual properties such as surface area and pore volumes are derived from the N2 adsorption isotherm at 77 K by fitting it to adsorption theory and then correlating it to gas separation performance (uptake and selectivity). Here the N2 isotherm at 77 K was used directly as input (representing feature descriptors for the porosity) to train convolutional neural networks to predict gas separation performance (using CO2/N2 as a test case) for porous carbons. The porosity space for porous carbons was explored for higher CO2/N2 selectivity. Porous carbons with a bimodal pore‐size distribution of well‐separated mesopores (3–7 nm) and micropores (<2 nm) were found to be most promising. This work will be useful in guiding experimental research of porous carbons with the desired porosity for gas separation and other applications.
C7‐Indol‐Amidierung und ‐Alkenylierung durch Ruthenium(II)‐ Katalyse
Authors: Choi Isaac , Messinis Antonis M. , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: June 2020

AbstractC7‐H‐funktionalisierte Indole sind allgegenwärtige Struktureinheiten in biologischen und pharmazeutischen Verbindungen, die für zahlreiche antivirale Wirkstoffe gegen SARS‐CoV oder HIV‐1 eingesetzt werden. Daher ist das Erreichen einer regioselektiven Funktionalisierung der C7‐H‐Position von Indolen bei gleichzeitiger Unterdrückung anderer C‐H‐Bindungen sehr gefragt. Hier beschreiben wir die regioselektive C7‐H‐Aktivierung von Indolen, die durch Ruthenium(II)‐biscarboxylat‐Katalyse unter milden Bedingungen durchgeführt werden kann. C‐H‐Ruthenierung durch Basen‐unterstützte interne elektrophile Substitution (BIES), unterstützt durch schwache O‐Koordination, ermöglicht die C7‐H‐Funktionalisierung von Indolen und bietet eine große Anwendungsbreite, einschließlich C‐N‐ und C‐C‐Bindungsknüpfungen. Die vielseitige, Ruthenium‐katalysierte C7‐H‐Aktivierung zeichnete sich durch Gramm‐Maßstab‐Synthese und die spurlose Entfernung der dirigierenden Gruppe aus, welche einen einfachen Zugang zu pharmazeutisch relevanten Grundgerüsten liefert. Detaillierte mechanistische Studien mithilfe von spektroskopischen und spektrometrischen Methoden beleuchten die Einzigartigkeit dieser robusten Rutheniumkatalyse für die Funktionalisierungen der C7‐H‐Position von Indolen.
Optimization of Active Sites via Crystal Phase, Composition, and Morphology for Efficient Low‐Iridium Oxygen Evolution Catalysts
Authors: Chen Hui , Shi Lei , Liang Xiao , Wang Lina , Asefa Tewodros , Zou Xiaoxin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReducing the amount of iridium in oxygen evolution electrocatalysts without compromising their catalytic performances is one of the major requirements in proton‐exchange‐membrane water electrolyzers. Herein, with the help of theoretical studies, we show that anatase‐type TiO2‐IrO2 solid solutions possess more active iridium catalytic sites for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) than IrO2, the benchmark OER catalyst. Note that the same is not observed for their rutile‐type counterparts. However, owing to their thermodynamic metastability, anatase‐type TiO2‐IrO2 solid solutions are generally hard to synthesize. Our theoretical studies demonstrate that such catalytically active anatase‐type solid‐solution phases can be created in situ on the surfaces of readily available SrTiO3‐SrIrO3 solid solutions during electrocatalysis in acidic solution as the solution can etch away Sr atoms. We experimentally show this with porous SrTiO3‐SrIrO3 solid‐solution nanotubes synthesized by a facile synthetic route that contain 56 % less iridium than IrO2 yet show an order of magnitude higher apparent catalytic activity for OER in acidic solution.
Discovery of phthalimide derivatives as novel inhibitors of a soluble epoxide hydrolase
Authors: Mahlooji Iman , Shokri Maryam , Manoochehri Rana , Mahboubi‐Rabbani Mohammad , Rezaee Elham , Tabatabai Sayyed Abbas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSoluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors are effective in reducing blood pressure, inflammation, and pain in a number of mammalian disease models. As most classical urea‐based sEH inhibitors suffer from poor solubility and pharmacokinetic properties, the development of novel sEH inhibitors with an improved pharmacokinetic specification has received a great deal of attention. In this study, a series of amide‐based sEH inhibitors bearing a phthalimide ring as the novel secondary pharmacophore (P2) was designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Docking results illustrated that the amide group as the primary pharmacophore (P1) was placed at a suitable distance from the three key amino acids (Tyr383, Tyr466, and Asp335) for an effective hydrogen bonding. In agreement with these findings, most of the newly synthesized compounds demonstrated moderate to high sEH inhibitory activities, relative to 12‐(3‐adamantan‐1‐yl‐ureido)dodecanoic acid as the reference standard. Compound 12e with a 4‐methoxybenzoyl substituent exhibited the highest sEH inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 1.06 nM. Moreover, the ADME properties of the compounds were evaluated in silico, and the results revealed appropriate predictions.
Developing Quebec's Water Efficiency Strategy
Authors: Kachani Yannis , Laneuville Mathieu , Jernigan Will 
Published: June 2020

Key TakeawaysLaunched in 2011 by the Quebec provincial government in partnership with its municipalities, the Quebec Water Efficiency Strategy aims to improve water use efficiency.The Quebec government now uses the infrastructure leakage index, the ratio of current annual volume of real losses to unavoidable annual volume of real losses, as a key performance indicator.The Quebec Water Efficiency Strategy will help cities better understand their infrastructure assets to help ensure sustainability of water services in a time of increased pressure on water resources.