bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An upstream open reading frame regulates vasculogenic mimicry of glioma via ZNRD1‐AS1/miR‐499a‐5p/ELF1/EMI1 pathway
Authors: Wang Mo , Yang Chunqing , Liu Xiaobai , Zheng Jian , Xue Yixue , Ruan Xuelei , Shen Shuyuan , Wang Di , Li Zhen , Cai Heng , Liu Yunhui 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIncreasing evidence has suggested that gliomas can supply blood through vasculogenic mimicry. In this study, the expression and function of ZNRD1‐AS1‐144aa‐uORF (144aa‐uORF) and some non‐coding RNAs in gliomas were assessed. Real‐time quantitative PCR or Western blot was used to discover the expression of 144aa‐uORF, ZNRD1‐AS1, miR‐499a‐5p, ELF1 and EMI1 in gliomas. In addition, RIP and RNA pull‐down assays were applied to explore the interrelationship between 144aa‐uORF and ZNRD1‐AS1. The role of the 144aa‐uORF\ZNRD1‐AS1\miR‐499a‐5p\ELF1\EMI1 axis in vasculogenic mimicry formation of gliomas was analysed. This study illustrates the reduced expression of the 144aa‐uORF in glioma tissues and cells. Up‐regulation of 144aa‐uORF inhibits proliferation, migration, invasion and vasculogenic mimicry formation within glioma cells. The up‐regulated 144aa‐uORF can increase the degradation of ZNRD1‐AS1 through the nonsense‐mediated RNA decay (NMD) pathway. Knockdown of ZNRD1‐AS1 inhibits vasculogenic mimicry in glioma cells by modulating miR‐499a‐5p. At the same time, miR‐499a‐5p is down‐regulated and has a tumour‐suppressive effect in gliomas. In addition, ZNRD1‐AS1 serves as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and regulates the expression of ELF1 by binding to miR‐499a‐5p. Notably, ELF1 binds to the promoter region of EMI1 and up‐regulates EMI1 expression, while simultaneously promoting vasculogenic mimicry in glioma cells. This study suggests that the 144aa‐uORF\ZNRD1‐AS1\miR‐499a‐5p\ELF1\EMI1 axis takes key part in regulating the formation of vasculogenic mimicry in gliomas and may provide a potential target for glioma treatment.
Identification of a TH2‐high psoriasis cluster based on skin biomarker analysis in a Chinese psoriasis population
Authors: Chen J. , Li C. , Li H. , Yu H. , Zhang X. , Yan M. , Guo Y. , Yao Z. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is an immune‐mediated, chronic inflammatory disease with diverse phenotypes. However, its biological diversity has not been well‐characterized in Chinese psoriasis population.ObjectivesTo characterize psoriasis biological heterogenicity using gene expression profiles of lesional skin biopsy specimens in a Chinese psoriasis population.MethodsLesional tissues and blood samples from Chinese psoriasis patients (n = 40), atopic dermatitis (AD) patients (n = 25) and age‐matched healthy controls (n = 19) were investigated by using real‐time PCR array, histological evaluation and flow cytometry. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering was performed using gene expression profiles of patients with psoriasis.ResultsTwo distinct psoriasis clusters were identified. Both clusters indicated high TH17 activation. One cluster (n = 6 of 40 consecutive psoriasis patients) indicated a strong TH2 component in skin lesions, with early onset and low peripheral blood eosinophil level. Significantly higher IL‐4, IL‐13, IL‐25, IL‐31 and TSLP gene induction typified this cluster of psoriasis patients, even compared with AD patients. Both psoriasis clusters were characterized by neutrophilic microabscess formation. Histologically, the TH2 high psoriasis cluster indicated a low percentage of perivascular eosinophils.ConclusionsTwo distinct psoriasis clusters were identified. One presented early onset and a low eosinophil level, indicating TH17 polarization and a strong TH2 component. These results laid the foundation for further demonstrating the pathogenesis of psoriasis in Chinese population.
Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) susceptibility to indigenous Cameroonian Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) isolates
Authors: Membang Gertrude , Ambang Zachee , Mahot Hermine Claudine , Kuate Apollin Fotso , Fiaboe Komi Kouma Mokpokpo , Hanna Rachid 
Published: May 2020

AbstractManagement of the banana root borer (BRB), Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar; Coleoptera: Curculionidae), remains a challenge in banana and plantain production worldwide. Synthetic pesticides remain the most widely used solution while mycoinsecticides are increasingly being recommended. In this study, we selected indigenous isolates of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae collected from plantain fields in Cameroon, and tested them in the laboratory for their viability, pathogenicity and virulence against all C. sordidus life stages. Of 13 isolates initially screened for spore germination and pathogenicity to adult weevils in conidial suspension of 3.2 × 108 conidia/ml, eight isolates with high to moderate germination and highest weevil mortality were selected for dose–response bioassays with four concentrations per isolate: 3.2 × 102, 3.2 × 104, 3.2 × 106 and 3.2 × 108 conidia/ml. The virulent isolates from adult bioassays were tested with eggs, larva and pupae in conidial suspension of 3.2 × 108 conidia/ml. Isolates performance depended on insect life stage with significantly high pathogenicity and virulence against larval, pupa and adult stages. The Beauveria isolate BIITAC6.2.2 caused the highest mortality rates followed by MIITAC1.1.5. Lethal times and lethal concentrations were relatively low for the three M. anisopliae isolates and three B. bassiana isolates which were the best isolates in almost all insect life stages. Apart from being effective in multiple life stages, these isolates were transmitted horizontally from one stage to another when eggs and pupae were treated. The implication of these findings for integrated management of the BRB, and potential biopesticides development and commercialization are discussed.
Xylosandrus germanus in Central Europe: Spread into and within the Czech Republic
Authors: Fiala Tomáš , Holuša Jaroslav , Procházka Jiří , Čížek Lukáš , Dzurenko Marek , Foit Jiří , Galko Juraj , Kašák Josef , Kulfan Jan , Lakatos Ferenc , Nakládal Oto , Schlaghamerský Jiří , Svatoš Michal , Trombik Jiří , Zábranský Petr , Zach Peter , Kula Emanuel 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInvasive organisms represent great threats to ecosystems and great challenges to forest management. In Europe, the black timber bark beetle (Xylosandrus germanus) is an invasive secondary pest that mostly attacks the logs of felled trees. We showed the invasion history for Europe and using many local surveys, we summarize the current distribution and other available information on X. germanus in the Czech Republic. We report that this species is distributed from the lowlands to the mountains in the Czech Republic; it is widespread in the eastern half of the country, where it is more abundant in the warmer south and southeast areas than in the cooler areas. Most (78%) of the known localities are at elevation below 400 m a.s.l. Although an ice storm greatly increased X. germanus abundance near the border with Austria, its high abundance did not result in damage to standing trees. Presence of X. germanus in the Czech Republic for over 10 years has not led to heavy tree infestation.
Spiral valve parasites of blue and common thresher sharks as indicators of shark feeding behaviour and ecology
Authors: Preti Antonella , MacKenzie Ken , Spivey Kate A. , Noble Leslie R. , Jones Catherine S. , Appy Ralph G. , Pierce Graham J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study documented the parasite faunas of the spiral valves of blue sharks Prionace glauca (L. 1758) and common thresher sharks Alopias vulpinus (Bonnaterre, 1788) caught in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME) north of the Mexican border. The spiral valves of 18 blue and 19 thresher sharks caught in the CCLME from 2009 to 2013 were examined for parasites. Seven parasite taxa were found in blue sharks and nine in threshers. The tetraphyllidean cestode Anthobothrium sp. (78% prevalence) was the most common parasite in blue sharks, and the phyllobothriid cestode Paraorygmatobothrium sp. (90% prevalence) was the most common in threshers. An adult nematode of the genus Piscicapillaria was found in threshers for the first time and may be a new species. Adult individuals of Hysterothylacium sp. were found in both shark species. The adult acanthocephalan Rhadinorhynchus cololabis and remains of the parasitic copepod Pennella sp. – both parasites of Pacific saury, Cololabis saira – were found in the intestines of threshers, indicating recent feeding on saury. This study paves the way for a more comprehensive examination, including more samples and a wider variety of shark species, to provide a greater understanding of shark feeding behaviour and possibly provide information on shark population biology.
Report on fetal mummification in the scalloped hammerhead shark Sphyrna lewini
Authors: Martins Mariana F. , Rolim Fernanda A. , Gadig Otto B.F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study describes the fetal mummification process in two embryos of a 310 cm total length scalloped hammerhead shark Sphyrna lewini caught in southeastern Brazil, in December 2017. Fourteen embryos were observed in total, in which two males in the left uterus presented different stages of mummification. Both mummified embryos were covered by an exudate (i.e., a mucous substance), indicating a hematic mummification process. All embryos were at the placentotrophic stage of development, indicating that they were close to parturition. An intrinsic characteristic is suggested as possible etiology for this condition, such as umbilical torsion, because both embryos were at different sizes and, therefore, at different development stages. In addition, the sample size did not allow the authors to presume any pollution effect once only one female was observed. Finally, fetal mummification and other embryonic development disorders might have populational impacts due to reduction in embryo survival and, consequently, recruitment. For this reason and considering that S. lewini is categorized as a “critically endangered species,” this study's results have conservational relevance.
Layperson and Dental Professional Perception When Evaluating Their Own Virtually 2D or 3D Simulated Esthetic Discrepancies
Authors: Revilla‐León Marta , Ashby Mark T. , Meyer Matthew J. , Umorin Mikhail , Barrington Jennifer J. , Zandinejad Amirali 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPurposeTo analyze the perceptions of laypersons, dental students, and dentists regarding disparities of the maxillary dental midline and the occlusal plane (OP) when analyzing their own 2D or 3D clinical simulation.Material and Methods20 participants per group volunteered (N = 60). Intraoral and facial scans, and a photograph were obtained from each participant. Two simulation groups were created: 2D and 3D groups, which were subdivided into two subgroups. In the first subgroup, the OP was modified by 1‐degree increments without changing the maxillary midline. In the second subgroup, the OP was modified by the same increments, but the maxillary midline was altered to match the OP inclination. Participants were asked to rate the simulations on a 1‐to‐6 scale and a question survey. Ordinal logistic regression (OR) was used to analyze the ratings.ResultsTilt of the OP had the strongest negative effect on the ratings which was further amplified by the dental midline inclination (OR = 0.122). Midline modification alone did not affect the ratings (OR = 0.744). 3D simulations had a stronger positive effect on the ratings compared to 2D simulations. For dental students, the positive rating effect of 3D simulations was similar to dentists. For laypersons, the positive rating effect of 3D simulations compared to the 2D simulations decreased relative to dentists. The survey revealed that 45% of the dentists, 80% of the students, and 50% of the laypersons preferred the 3D simulation.ConclusionsThe type of dimensional representation affected the esthetic perception of all participants. 3D simulations obtained higher esthetic ratings for the same esthetic discrepancy than 2D simulations. However, all participants’ ratings decreased with increased tilt of the OP and were further decreased with the inclination of the dental midline.
Peer Victimization of Maltreated Youth: Distinct Risk for Physically Abused Versus Neglected Children
Authors: O'Hara Mandy A. 
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAlthough child abuse is associated with peer victimization in adolescence, few studies have assessed if maltreated children experiencing only neglect are at increased risk as well. The purpose of this study is to assess the risk of peer victimization for maltreated youth who have been physically abused versus neglected to guide targeted bully prevention efforts in schools.METHODSUtilizing LONGSCAN archived data collected between 1991 and 2012, children physically abused or neglected in the first 12 years of life were assessed for physically aggressive peer victimization at age 16, compared to nonmaltreated children, with a total sample size of 650 participants. Logistic regression analysis assessed odds of peer victimization based on maltreatment profile.RESULTSChildren physically abused were twice as likely to experience physically aggressive peer victimization, compared to the nonmaltreated group. Children experiencing only neglect were not at greater odds of being physically victimized by peers.CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates physically abused children's risk of problems with aggressive peer victimization, in contrast to children neglected who are not at increased risk. These results contribute to our understanding of risk of peer victimization, and can inform targeted bully prevention efforts in schools for the child with a history of maltreatment.
Maximizing surveillance through spatial characterization of marine mammal stranding hot spots
Authors: Olson Jennifer K. , Aschoff John , Goble Alice , Larson Shawn , Gaydos Joseph K. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSpatial analyses of marine mammal stranding data can be used to identify stranding patterns and improve surveillance and monitoring. Using ArcGIS and SaTScan, we analyzed 12 years (2002–2014) of dead beachcast marine mammals from San Juan County, Washington, to better understand patterns of carcass deposition. We plotted the locations for 631 dead marine mammals and aggregated strandings into 1,000 m segments of shoreline. “Hot spots” included beach segments with significantly higher carcass deposition according to the Getis‐Ord Gi* statistic in ArcGIS or beach segments that were encompassed by significant spatial clusters using the discrete Poisson model in SatTScan. We identified 52 hot spots for harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in ArcGIS and 62 hot spots in SaTScan with 81% agreement between methods. Carcass deposition showed a strong relationship with locations having high proximity to public pedestrian access points, suggesting increased reporting effort in those areas. Stranding frequency was also higher on beach segments with longer fetch and nearly level or gentle slopes. Beaches with these geomorphic characteristics, especially those without high proximity to public access, would be ideal locations to actively survey to improve high quality carcass collection during times of high expected mortality and limited resources.
Ferroptosis contributes to developmental cell death in rice blast
Authors: Shen Qing , Liang Meiling , Yang Fan , Deng Yi Zhen , Naqvi Naweed I. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryFerroptosis, an iron‐dependent cell death process, was found to occur inMagnaporthe oryzae, and plays a key role in infection‐related development therein. Ferroptosis in the rice‐blast fungus was confirmed based on five basic criteria.We confirmed the dependence of ferroptosis on ferric ions, and optimized ratio‐fluorescence imaging of C11‐BODIPY581/591as a precise sensor for lipid peroxides that mediate ferroptosis inM. oryzae. We uncovered an important regulatory function for reduced glutathione and NADPH oxidases in modulating the superoxide moieties required for ferroptotic cell death.We found ferroptosis to be necessary for the developmental cell death of conidia during appressorium maturation in rice blast. Such ferroptotic cell death initiated first in the terminal cell and progressed sequentially to the entire conidium. Iron chelation or chemical inhibition of ferroptosis caused conidial cells to remain viable, and led to strong defects in host invasion byM. oryzae. Ferroptosis induction exclusively in the host severely constrained the invasive growth ofM. oryzae.We found inter‐reliant and independent roles for ferroptosis and autophagy in controlling such precise cell death inM. oryzaeduring pathogenic differentiation. Our study provides significant molecular insights into the role of developmental cell death and iron homeostasis in fungal pathogenesis.
Atmospheric CO2 and VPD alter the diel oscillation of leaf elongation in perennial ryegrass: compensation of hydraulic limitation by stored‐growth
Authors: Baca Cabrera Juan C. , Hirl Regina T. , Zhu Jianjun , Schäufele Rudi , Schnyder Hans 
Published: May 2020

Summary

We explored the effects of atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on putative mechanisms controlling leaf elongation in perennial ryegrass.

Plants were grown in stands at a Ca of 200, 400 or 800 μmol mol−1 combined with high (1.17 kPa) or low (0.59 kPa) VPD during the 16 h‐day in well‐watered conditions with reduced nitrogen supply. We measured day : night‐variation of leaf elongation rate (LERday : LERnight), final leaf length and width, epidermal cell number and length, stomatal conductance, transpiration, leaf water potential and water‐soluble carbohydrates and osmotic potential in the leaf growth‐and‐differentiation zone (LGDZ).

Daily mean LER or morphometric parameters did not differ between treatments, but LERnight strongly exceeded LERday, particularly at low Ca and high VPD. Across treatments LERday was negatively related to transpiration (R2 = 0.75) and leaf water potential (R2 = 0.81), while LERnight was independent of leaf water potential or turgor. Enhancement of LERnight over LERday was proportional to the turgor‐change between day and night (R2 = 0.93). LGDZ sugar concentration was high throughout diel cycles, providing no evidence of source limitation in any treatment.

Our data indicate a mechanism of diel cycling between daytime hydraulic and night‐time stored‐growth controls of LER, buffering Ca and daytime VPD effects on leaf elongation.
Medicago truncatula Ferroportin2 mediates iron import into nodule symbiosomes
Authors: Escudero Viviana , Abreu Isidro , Tejada‐Jiménez Manuel , Rosa‐Núñez Elena , Quintana Julia , Prieto Rosa Isabel , Larue Camille , Wen Jiangqi , Villanova Julie , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Argüello José M. , Castillo‐Michel Hiram , Imperial Juan , González‐Guerrero Manuel 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Iron is an essential cofactor for symbiotic nitrogen fixation, required by many of the enzymes involved, including signal transduction proteins, O2 homeostasis systems, and nitrogenase itself. Consequently, host plants have developed a transport network to deliver essential iron to nitrogen‐fixing nodule cells.

Ferroportin family members in model legume Medicago truncatula were identified and their expression was determined. Yeast complementation assays, immunolocalization, characterization of a tnt1 insertional mutant line, and synchrotron‐based X‐ray fluorescence assays were carried out in the nodule‐specific M. truncatula ferroportin

Medicago truncatula nodule‐specific gene Ferroportin2 (MtFPN2) is an iron‐efflux protein. MtFPN2 is located in intracellular membranes in the nodule vasculature and in inner nodule tissues, as well as in the symbiosome membranes in the interzone and early‐fixation zone of the nodules. Loss‐of‐function of MtFPN2 alters iron distribution and speciation in nodules, reducing nitrogenase activity and biomass production. Using promoters with different tissular activity to drive MtFPN2 expression in MtFPN2 mutants, we determined that expression in the inner nodule tissues is sufficient to restore the phenotype, while confining MtFPN2 expression to the vasculature did not improve the mutant phenotype.

These data indicate that MtFPN2 plays a primary role in iron delivery to nitrogen‐fixing bacteroids in M. truncatula nodules.
Regulation of electron transport is essential for photosystem I stability and plant growth
Authors: Storti Mattia , Segalla Anna , Mellon Marco , Alboresi Alessandro , Morosinotto Tomas 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Photosynthetic electron transport is regulated by cyclic and pseudocyclic electron flow (CEF and PCEF) to maintain the balance between light availability and metabolic demands. CEF transfers electrons from photosystem I to the plastoquinone pool with two mechanisms, dependent either on PGR5/PGRL1 or on the type I NADH dehydrogenase‐like (NDH) complex. PCEF uses electrons from photosystem I to reduce oxygen and in many groups of photosynthetic organisms, but remarkably not in angiosperms, it is catalyzed by flavodiiron proteins (FLVs).

In this study, Physcomitrella patens plants depleted in PGRL1, NDH and FLVs in different combinations were generated and characterized, showing that all these mechanisms are active in this moss.

Surprisingly, in contrast to flowering plants, Physcomitrella patens can cope with the simultaneous inactivation of PGR5‐ and NDH‐dependent CEF but, when FLVs are also depleted, plants show strong growth reduction and photosynthetic activity is drastically reduced.

The results demonstrate that mechanisms for modulation of photosynthetic electron transport have large functional overlap but are together indispensable to protect photosystem I from damage and they are an essential component for photosynthesis in any light regime.
Modelling Category Inflation with Multiple Inflation Processes: Estimation, Specification and Testing1
Authors: Brown Sarah , Harris Mark N. , Spencer Christopher 
Published: May 2020

AbstractZero‐inflated ordered probit (ZIOP) and middle‐inflated ordered probit (MIOP) models are finding increasing favour in the discrete choice literature. We propose generalizations to these models – which collapse to their ZIOP/MIOP counterparts under a set of simple parameter restrictions – with respect to the inflation process. These generalizations form the basis of a new specification test of the inflation process in ZIOP and MIOP models. Support for our generalization framework is principally demonstrated by revisiting a key ZIOP application from the economics literature, and reinforced by the reassessment of an important MIOP application from political science. Our specification test supports the generalized models over the original ZIOP/MIOP ones, suggesting an important role for it in modelling zero‐ and middle‐inflation processes.