bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A test of the riverine barrier hypothesis in the largest subtropical river basin in the Neotropics
Authors: Kopuchian Cecilia , Campagna Leonardo , Lijtmaer Darío A. , Cabanne Gustavo S. , García Natalia C. , Lavinia Pablo D. , Tubaro Pablo L. , Lovette Irby , Di Giacomo Adrián S. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe riverine barrier hypothesis proposes that large rivers represent geographical barriers to gene flow for terrestrial organisms, leading to population differentiation and ultimately allopatric speciation. Here we assess for the first time if the subtropical Paraná–Paraguay River system in the Del Plata basin, second in size among South American drainages, acts as a barrier to gene flow for birds. We analysed the degree of mitochondrial and nuclear genomic differentiation in seven species with known subspecies divided by the Paraná–Paraguay River axis. Only one species showed genetic differentiation concordant with the current river channel, but another five species have an east/west genetic split broadly coincident with the Paraná River's dynamic palaeochannel, suggesting this fluvial axis has had a past role in shaping present‐day genetic structure. Moreover, dating analyses show that these splits have been asynchronous, with species responding differently to the riverine barrier. Comparisons informed by the geological history of the Paraná River and its influence on the ecological and climatic differences among ecoregions in the study area further bolster the finding that responses to this geographical barrier have been species‐specific.
Reduction in lumen area is associated with the δ18O exchange between sugars and source water during cellulose synthesis
Authors: Szejner Paul , Clute Timothy , Anderson Erik , Evans Michael N. , Hu Jia 
Published: February 2020

Summary

High temporal resolution measurements of wood anatomy and the isotopic composition in tree‐rings have the potential to enhance our interpretation of climate variability, but the sources of variation within the growing season are still not well understood.

Here we test the response of wood anatomical features in Pinus ponderosa and Pseudotsuga menziesii, including cell‐wall thickness (CWT) and lumen area (LA), along with the oxygen isotopic composition of α‐cellulose (δ18Ocell) to shifts in relative humidity (RH) in two treatments, one from high–low RH and the second one form low–high RH.

We observed a significant decrease in LA and a small increase in CWT within the experimental growing season in both treatments. The measured δ18Ocell along the ring was responsive to RH variations in both treatments. However, estimated δ18Ocell did not agree with measured δ18Ocell when the proportion of exchangeable oxygen during cellulose synthesis (Pex) was kept constant.

We found that Pex increased throughout the ring as LA decreased. Based on this varying Pex within an annual ring, we propose a targeted sampling strategy for different hydroclimate signals: earlier season cellulose is a better recorder of RH while late‐season cellulose is a better recorder of the source water.
Labour Supply after Inheritances and the Role of Expectations
Authors: Doorley Karina , Pestel Nico 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of inheritances on labour supply, distinguishing between unanticipated and anticipated inheritances. We use household and individual level micro‐data for Germany to investigate the effect of inheritances on a number of labour market outcomes. Women are less likely to work full‐time after an inheritance and their desired and actual hours of work decrease by 1–2 per week, on average. The magnitude of the effect is found to be larger and more precisely estimated for households without children and liquidity constrained households. Other margins such as time use outside the labour market and satisfaction are also found to be affected by inheritance receipt.
Peri‐implantation urinary hormone monitoring distinguishes between types of first‐trimester spontaneous pregnancy loss
Authors: Foo Lin , Johnson Sarah , Marriott Lorrae , Bourne Tom , Bennett Phillip , Lees Christoph 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundLutenising hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone are useful biochemical markers to indicate ovulation and embryonic implantation, respectively. We explored “point‐of‐care” LH and hCG testing using a digital home‐testing device in a cohort trying to conceive.ObjectiveTo determine conception and spontaneous pregnancy loss rates, and to assess whether trends in LH‐hCG interval which are known to be associated with pregnancy viability could be identified with point‐of‐care testing.MethodsWe recruited healthy women aged 18‐44 planning a pregnancy. Participants used a home monitor to track LH and hCG levels for 12 menstrual cycles or until pregnancy was conceived. Pregnancy outcomes (viable, clinical miscarriage, or biochemical pregnancy loss) were recorded. Monitor data were analysed by a statistician blinded to pregnancy outcome.ResultsFrom 387 recruits, there were 290 pregnancies with known outcomes within study timeline. Adequate monitor data for analysis were available for 150 conceptive cycles. Overall spontaneous first‐trimester pregnancy loss rate was 30% with clinically recognised miscarriage rate of 17%. The difference to LH‐hCG interval median had wider spread for biochemical losses (0.5‐8.5 days) compared with clinical miscarriage (0‐5 days) and viable pregnancies (0‐6 days). Fixed effect hCG profile change distinguished between pregnancy outcomes from as early as day‐2 post‐hCG rise from baseline.ConclusionsThe risk of first‐trimester spontaneous pregnancy loss in our prospective cohort is comparable to studies utilising daily urinary hCG collection and laboratory assays. A wider LH‐hCG interval range is associated with biochemical pregnancy loss and may relate to late or early implantation. Although early hCG changes discriminate between pregnancies that will miscarry from viable pregnancies, this point‐of‐care testing model is not sufficiently developed to be predictive.
Objective assessment of automatic language comprehension mechanisms in the brain: Novel E/MEG paradigm
Authors: Hyder Rasha , Højlund Andreas , Jensen Mads , Østergaard Karen , Shtyrov Yury 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAssessing the brain activity related to language comprehension is required in a range of situations. Particularly in cases when subjects’ cooperation with instructions cannot be guaranteed (e.g., in neurological patients), a protocol is needed that could be independent from attention and behavioral tasks. In this study, we aimed at designing a novel approach for neuromagnetic recordings of brain activity which could allow for probing the neural foundations underpinning three key levels of speech comprehension: lexical, semantic, and (morpho)syntactic, without requiring active attention on speech input or any active task, while keeping the recording session duration as short as possible. To this end, we designed two different auditory paradigms using the same set of single word‐based lexical, semantic, and syntactic contrasts: a modified version of the multifeature oddball paradigm and an equiprobable design. Combined magnetoencephalography/electroencephalography data were recorded form young, healthy participants, presented with these stimuli while watching a silent movie. Data from the equiprobable design yielded significant activations in temporal and inferior frontal areas associated with the lexical, semantic, and morphosyntactic contrasts. In turn, neural dissociations observed in the multifeature paradigm emerged mainly in temporal cortices, and were confined to the lexical and semantic conditions with a striking lack of any statistically significant effects for syntactic violations. Our findings indicate that, by employing the equiprobable design, a comprehensive range of key linguistic processes could be assessed in a passive, attention‐free manner within a relatively short time (here, ~27 min), thus making this paradigm a time‐efficient and patient‐friendly tool.
Screening for autoantibody targets in post‐vaccination narcolepsy using proteome arrays
Authors: Lind Alexander , Eriksson Daniel , Akel Omar , Ramelius Anita , Palm Lars , Lernmark Åke , Kämpe Olle , Elding Larsson Helena , Landegren Nils 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNarcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a chronic sleep disorder caused by a specific loss of hypocretin‐producing neurons. The incidence of NT1 increased in Sweden, Finland and Norway following Pandemrix®‐vaccination, initiated to prevent the 2009 influenza pandemic. The pathogenesis of NT1 is poorly understood, and causal links to vaccination are yet to be clarified. The strong association with Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQB1*06:02 suggests an autoimmune pathogenesis, but proposed autoantigens remain controversial. We used a two‐step approach to identify autoantigens in patients that acquired NT1 after Pandemrix®‐vaccination. Using arrays of more than 9000 full‐length human proteins, we screened the sera of 10 patients and 24 healthy subjects for autoantibodies. Identified candidate antigens were expressed in vitro to enable validation studies with radiobinding assays (RBA). The validation cohort included NT1 patients (n = 39), their first‐degree relatives (FDR) (n = 66), population controls (n = 188), and disease controls representing multiple sclerosis (n = 100) and FDR to type 1 diabetes patients (n = 41). Reactivity towards previously suggested NT1 autoantigen candidates including Tribbles homolog 2, Prostaglandin D2 receptor, Hypocretin receptor 2 and α‐MSH/proopiomelanocortin was not replicated in the protein array screen. By comparing case to control signals, three novel candidate autoantigens were identified in the protein array screen; LOC401464, PARP3 and FAM63B. However, the RBA did not confirm elevated reactivity towards either of these proteins. In summary, three putative autoantigens in NT1 were identified by protein array screening. Autoantibodies against these candidates could not be verified with independent methods. Further studies are warranted to identify hypothetical autoantigens related to the pathogenesis of Pandemrix®‐induced NT1.
Tissue‐specific isolation of Arabidopsis/plant mitochondria – IMTACT (isolation of mitochondria tagged in specific cell types)
Authors: Boussardon Clément , Przybyla‐Toscano Jonathan , Carrie Chris , Keech Olivier 
Published: February 2020

SummaryPlant cells contain numerous subcompartments with clearly delineated metabolic functions. Mitochondria represent a very small fraction of the total cell volume and yet are the site of respiration and thus crucial for cells throughout all developmental stages of a plant's life. As such, their isolation from the rest of the cellular components is a basic requirement for numerous biochemical and physiological experiments. Although procedures exist to isolate plant mitochondria from different organs (i.e. leaves, roots, tubers, etc.), they are often tedious and do not provide resolution at the tissue level (i.e. phloem, mesophyll or pollen). Here, we present a novel method called IMTACT (isolation of mitochondria tagged in specific cell types), developed in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) that involves biotinylation of mitochondria in a tissue‐specific manner using transgenic lines expressing a synthetic version of the OM64 (Outer Membrane 64) gene combined with BLRP and the BirA biotin ligase gene. Tissue specificity is achieved with cell‐specific promoters (e.g. CAB3 and SUC2). Labeled mitochondria from crude extracts are retained by magnetic beads, allowing the simple and rapid isolation of highly pure and intact organelles from organs or specific tissues. For example, we could show that the mitochondrial population from mesophyll cells was significantly larger in size than the mitochondrial population isolated from leaf companion cells. To facilitate the applicability of this method in both wild‐type and mutant Arabidopsis plants we generated a set of OM64–BLRP one‐shot constructs with different selection markers and tissue‐specific promoters.
Confusion surrounding trauma resuscitation and opportunities for clarification
Authors: Dunbar Nancy M. , Yazer Mark H. 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUNDIn the absence of low‐titer group O whole blood, conventional components are often transfused to hemorrhaging trauma patients in a ratio designed to replicate whole blood. However, there is still confusion surrounding how conventional components should be used to support traumatically injured bleeding patients, particularly concerning how platelets should be counted in a ratio‐based approach and when the resuscitation can switch from a ratio‐based to a laboratory‐guided approach.CASE REPORTA traumatically injured patient, who was resuscitated with 10 units of red blood cells (RBCs), 6 units of plasma, 2 units of apheresis platelets, and 5 pools of cryoprecipitate is described. After hemostasis was achieved, and in the setting of an international normalized ratio of 1.2, the clinical team requested 4 additional units of plasma because “the patient was not resuscitated with a 1:1 ratio of RBCs to plasma.” This case illustrates that misconceptions surrounding resuscitation with conventional components may lead to unnecessary transfusions in patients with normal laboratory values who have achieved hemostasis.CONCLUSIONSThis report provides clarification as to how conventional components can be used for trauma resuscitation and why there is no need to transfuse additional plasma‐containing components to achieve a desired ratio when the patient is no longer bleeding and laboratory values are within normal limits. Furthermore, each dose of platelets is suspended in roughly the equivalent of 1 additional unit of plasma that should also be considered in the cumulative dose of plasma administered when using a ratio‐based approach.
A Supervised Machine Learning Approach for Intelligent Process Automation in Container Logistics
Authors: Bricher David , Müller Andreas 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Process control in manufacturing industries usually lacks flexibility and adaptability. The process planning is traditionally pursued within the production scheduling and then remains unchanged until a major overhaul is necessary. Consequently, no process knowledge acquired by the machine operators is used to adapt, and thus improve, the process control. In this paper, a fully automated process control solution for container logistics is proposed, which is based on deep neural networks and has been trained from process steering decisions made by employees. Further, a fully automated framework for the labeling of container images is introduced, making use of inherent properties of the logistic process. This allows to automatically generate data sets without the need for manual labeling by an operator.
Investigation on Ultrashort Pulse Laser Welding of Dissimilar Metallic Materials Expending Phase-Lag Influence
Authors: Bag Swarup , Amin M. Ruhul 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhen the femtosecond laser pulse is comparable to the electron relaxation time, the hyperbolic effect cannot be neglected in heat transfer analysis. The non-Fourier effect is considered for heat transfer analysis assuming finite delay in the development of temperature within the body. This delay is represented in terms of two relaxation times connected to heat flux and temperature gradient. In the present work, a 3D finite element-based heat transfer model is developed using a dual-phase-lag effect. Since the experimental basis of transient temperature distribution in ultrashort pulse laser is extremely difficult or nearly impossible, the model results have been validated with the literature reported results. Furthermore, the simulation of dissimilar fusion welding system treated by an ultrashort pulse laser is demonstrated. The typical characteristic of thermal behavior with the application of femtosecond fiber laser on welding of dissimilar aluminum alloy and stainless steel is presented. The model results in the form of computed isotherm are compared with the literature reported weld pool geometry for dissimilar materials. The feasibility of characteristic parameters like pulse frequency, pulse width, and relaxation times are assessed in this study. A clear guideline of the geometric shape and size of weld pool geometry and the peak temperature of the welding system corresponding to predictable laser parameters is the effective output from this study. Peak temperature reached in a very short interval of time (∼ nanosecond) is analogous to a high rate of heating or cooling that affects the microstructural changes, specifically the formation of intermetallic for dissimilar welding.
Diabetes mellitus is not a risk factor for osteoarthritis
Authors: Khor Andrew , Ma Cheryl-Ann , Hong Cassandra , Hui Laura Li-Yao , Leung Ying Ying 
Published: February 2020

BackgroundAssociation between diabetes mellitus (DM) and risk of osteoarthritis (OA) can be confounded by body mass index (BMI), a strong risk factor for both conditions. We evaluate the association between DM or hyperglycaemia with OA using systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched PubMed and Web of Science databases in English for studies that gave information on the association between DM and OA. Two meta-analysis models were conducted to address: (1) risk of DM comparing subjects with and without OA and (2) risk of OA comparing subjects with and without DM. As far as available, risk estimates that adjusted for BMI were used.Results31 studies with a pooled population size of 295 100 subjects were reviewed. 16 and 15 studies reported positive associations and null/ negative associations between DM and OA. 68.8% of positive studies had adjusted for BMI, compared with 93.3% of null/negative studies. In meta-analysis model 1, there was an increase prevalence of DM in subjects with OA compared with those without (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.89). In meta-analysis model 2, there was no increased risk of OA (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.33) in subjects with DM compared with those without, regardless of gender and OA sites. Comparing subjects with DM to those without, an increased risk of OA was noted in cross-sectional studies, but not in case-control and prospective cohort studies.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis does not support DM as an independent risk factor for OA. BMI was probably the most important confounding factor.
Welcome to AI matters 5(4)
Authors: McGovern Amy , Leite Iolanda , Karpatne Anuj 
Published: February 2020

Welcome to the fourth issue of the fifth volume of the AI Matters Newsletter.
This issue is full of great new articles and stories! In our regular articles, we open with an event report by Louise Dennis on recent conferences relevant to SIGAI organized around the world. Louise Dennis then provides a summary of upcoming AI events. In the policy column, Larry Medsker covers recent policies on national strategy for AI laid down by the U.S. government, implications of AI on workplace transitions, President Trump's executive order on re-establishing the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST), and more. Our final regular column is our AI crosswords from Adi Botea. Enjoy!
We have three contributed articles in our current issue. In the first article, Sharad Sinha and Clint George provide a summary of the events and activities of a recent workshop conducted in India on AI for high school students. In the second article, Trevor Watkins describes the Cosmology of Artificial Intelligence Project (CAIP) that uses innovative visualization techniques to present the evolution of the field of AI. In the third article, Virginia Dignum discusses how AI is progressively trending to become a multi-disciplinary field of reseach and the implications of this trend on the future of AI.
Truncated ASPP2 Drives Initiation and Progression of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma via Distinct Mechanisms
Authors: Schipper Koen , Drenth Anne Paulien , van der Burg Eline , Cornelissen Samuel , Klarenbeek Sjoerd , Nethe Micha , Jonkers Jos 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) accounts for 8%–14% of all breast cancer cases. The main hallmark of ILCs is the functional loss of the cell–cell adhesion protein E-cadherin. Nonetheless, loss of E-cadherin alone does not predispose mice to mammary tumor development, indicating that additional perturbations are required for ILC formation. Previously, we identified an N-terminal truncation variant of ASPP2 (t-ASPP2) as a driver of ILC in mice with mammary-specific loss of E-cadherin. Here we showed that expression of t-ASPP2 induced actomyosin relaxation, enabling adhesion and survival of E-cadherin–deficient murine mammary epithelial cells on stiff matrices like fibrillar collagen. The induction of actomyosin relaxation by t-ASPP2 was dependent on its interaction with protein phosphatase 1, but not on t-ASPP2–induced YAP activation. Truncated ASPP2 collaborated with both E-cadherin loss and PI3K pathway activation via PTEN loss in ILC development. t-ASPP2–induced actomyosin relaxation was required for ILC initiation, but not progression. Conversely, YAP activation induced by t-ASPP2 contributed to tumor growth and progression while being dispensable for tumor initiation. Together, these findings highlight two distinct mechanisms through which t-ASPP2 promotes ILC initiation and progression.

Significance:
Truncated ASPP2 cooperates with E-cadherin and PTEN loss to drive breast cancer initiation and progression via two distinct mechanisms. ASPP2-induced actomyosin relaxation drives tumor initiation, while ASPP2-mediated YAP activation enhances tumor progression.
Epigenetic Marks Repressing Gluconeogenesis in Liver and Kidney Cancer
Authors: Leithner Katharina 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Gluconeogenesis is frequently suppressed in tumors arising in gluconeogenic organs and reexpression of a gluconeogenesis enzyme, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1), was found to inhibit tumor growth. In this issue of Cancer Research, Liao and colleagues show that histone H3 trimethylation on lysine 27, induced by polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), is responsible for downregulating FBP1 in liver and kidney cancer cells. Moreover, they identified FBP1 repression as an important downstream mechanism of PRC2-mediated carcinogenesis. FBP1 inhibits glycolysis but also directly interferes with PRC2 function, thus FBP1 and PRC2 are part of a novel negative feedback loop that is deregulated in liver and kidney cancer.
See related article by Liao et al., p. 675
Translating Basic Science Discoveries into Improved Outcomes for Glioblastoma
Authors: Dirks Peter B. , Gilbert Mark R. , Holland Eric C. , Maher Elizabeth A. , Weiss William A. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Members of the scientific and clinical neuro-oncology community met in April 2019 to discuss the current challenges and opportunities associated with translating basic science discoveries in glioblastoma for improved survival of patients. A summary of key points of these discussions is presented in this article.