bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of the Spanish AzBio Sentence Corpus
Authors: Rivas Alejandro , Perkins Elizabeth , Rivas Adriana , Rincon Luz Adriana , Litvak Leo , Spahr Tony , Dorman Michael , Kessler David , Gifford René 
Published: December 2020

Objective:
To create and validate a Spanish sentence test for evaluation of speech understanding of Spanish-speaking listeners with hearing loss or cochlear implants (CI).

Study Design:
Two thousand sentences were recorded from two male and two female speakers. The average intelligibility of each sentence was estimated as the mean score achieved by five listeners presented with a five-channel cochlear implant simulation. The mean scores of each sentence were used to construct 42 lists of 20 sentences with similar mean scores. List equivalency was then validated by presenting all lists to 10 CI users and in a 2-list comparison in a clinical setting to 38 CI patients.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Normal-hearing listeners (n = 5), CI users in a research study (n = 10), and CI patients (n = 38) in routine clinical follow-up.

Intervention:
Multiple sentence lists from a newly minted speech perception test.

Main Outcome Measures:
List intelligibility and equivalence across sentence lists.

Results:
Forty-two lists of sentences were equivalent when all lists were presented in random order to 10 adult CI recipients. The variability of scores observed on lists presented to the same listener in the same condition was captured using a binomial distribution model based on a 40-item list for 38 adult implant recipients.

Conclusion:
The Spanish AzBio Sentence Test includes 42 lists of 20 sentences. These sentences are roughly equivalent in terms of overall difficulty and confidence limits have been provided to assess the significance of variability in list scores observed within or across conditions. These materials will be of benefit when assessing native Spanish speakers in both research and clinical settings.
Upregulation of tissue long noncoding RNA X inactive specific transcript predicts poor postoperative survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Fang Hengxiao , Yang Liushan , Fan Yue , Mo Chunrong , Luo Lei , Liang Daying , Jiang Yi 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
X inactive specific transcript (XIST) is a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) which has been reported to be frequently upregulated in various human cancer types and to function as an oncogene. It has been reported that the expression of lncRNA XIST was upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the clinical significance and prognostic value of XIST in patients with NSCLC.
A total of 156 pairs of NSCLC and corresponding adjacent normal lung tissue samples were obtained from NSCLC patients who had undergone surgery from July 2014 to March 2019. The Student's t test was used in different treated groups for statistical analysis. The association between XIST expression and clinicopathological features of NSCLC patients was evaluated using the chi-squared test. Survival curves were plotted using Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test.
The expression of XIST was significantly higher in NSCLC samples compared to non-cancerous samples (P < .001). Statistically significant correlations were observed between high tissue XIST expression level and lymph node metastasis (P = .036) and high Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stage (P = .002). The log-rank test indicated that patients with increased XIST expression experienced poor overall survival (P = .006). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that XIST expression level (hazard ratio = 2.645, 95% confidence interval: 1.672–7.393, P = .029) was an independent factors in predicting the overall survival of NSCLC patients.
The present study found that XIST expression level was significantly associated with advanced pathological stage and high TNM stage in NSCLC. Furthermore, upregulation of tissue lncRNA XIST predicts poor postoperative survival in patients with NSCLC.
The APLNR gene polymorphism rs7119375 is associated with an increased risk of development of essential hypertension in the Chinese population
Authors: Yoshikawa Masahiro , Asaba Kensuke , Nakayama Tomohiro 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Hypertension (HT) has recently been defined as a systolic blood pressure (BP) of ≥130 mm Hg and/or a diastolic BP of ≥80 mm Hg. It is important to further understand the pathophysiology of essential HT as its proportion is larger among most of the diagnosed HT cases. The apelin and apelin receptor (APLNR) are known to play roles in regulating BP, but the putative associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the APLNR gene with the risk of development of essential HT have not yet been fully investigated. Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the APLNR gene and the risk of essential HT.
We conducted a search in the PubMed and Web of Science databases for eligible studies. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects models when heterogeneity was expected across the studies. Otherwise, fixed-effect models were used.
Regarding the SNP rs7119375, 5 studies were analyzed, which included a total of 3567 essential HT patients and 3256 healthy controls. Four of the 5 studies were from China and 1 was from Mexico. The meta-analysis showed the existence of a significant association between the AA genotype of rs7119375 and the risk of developing essential HT in the Chinese population, as determined using additive and recessive models (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.12–3.96; I
2 = 86% for AA vs GG. OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.21–1.94; I
2 = 28% for AA vs AG. OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.13–3.12; I
2 = 79% for AA vs AG + GG).
Our study showed, for the first time, the existence of an association between rs7119375 and the risk of development of essential HT in the Chinese population, although the sample size was small and there was considerable population heterogeneity. The apelin/APLNR system could be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of essential HT, and more studies are warranted to further investigate the association.
The general public new views on deceased organ donation in China
Authors: Li Xiaoshan , Miao Junyan , Gao Rong , Hu Di , Qian Gongtao , Wei Dong , Zhou Jianmei , Zhang Lihua , Xu Weiwei , Chen Jingyu , Hu Chunxiao 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
The organ donation in China has developed rapidly since fully launched donations after citizens death in 2015. This study was conducted to evaluate how the Chinese general public views changed on deceased organ donation, and to improve the donation process.

Methods:
A total of 110 eligible studies, including 103, 410 individuals, were selected to analyze through searching PubMed, CBMdisc, CQVIP, CNKI, and Wanfang Data from Jan 1, 1990 to May 31, 2019. The pooled proportions (and 95% CIs) of cognition, attitudes and willingness related to organ donation were calculated using the Freeman–Tukey double arcsine transformation.

Results:
The pooled proportions of knowing about organ donation and willing to donate increased from 84.6% (73.0–93.4) and 32.4% (23.9–41.6) before 2015, to 86.4% (74.5–95.1) and 39.9% (32.8–47.2) after 2015, respectively. The willingness to posthumous organ donation for cornea, heart, kidney, and liver had a significant improvement. Especially, the proportion of willingness to donate cornea increased to 56.0% (43.3–68.3) after 2015, from 39.2% (31.2–47.4) before 2015. However, although 69.7% (62.7–76.4) of participants approved the deceased organ donation, only 35.6% (29.7–41.8) and 43.9% (37.2–50.8) were willing to donate their own and relatives organs postmortem, respectively. The leading reasons for refraining from donating organs postmortem were distrusting the medical professionals (49.8%, 35.2–64.4) and traditional Chinese values (40.6%, 32.4–49.0). Popularizing knowledge about organ donation (61.5%, 45.7–76.1), humanitarian aid (57.1%, 48.8–65.3), and priority of using donated organs for relatives (53.1%, 30.8–74.7) were the applauded strategies to improve the willingness to posthumous organ donation.

Conclusions:
The willingness toward posthumous organ donation has a significant improvement among Chinese general public since 2015, however, several important measures still need to be taken to promote the favorable attitudes and willingness toward organ donation.
Lung ultrasound vs chest radiography in the diagnosis of children pneumonia
Authors: Yan Jun-Hong , Yu Na , Wang Yue-Heng , Gao Yan-Bing , Pan Lei 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background:
The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the diagnostic value of lung ultrasound (LUS) in comparison to chest radiography (CXR) in children with pneumonia.

Methods:
Computer-based retrieval was performed on PubMed and EMBASE. Quality was evaluated according to the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies-2, and Meta-Disc was adopted to perform meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using Q and I

2
statistics. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as the primary outcomes were calculated for each index test.

Results:
Twenty two studies with a total of 2470 patients met the inclusion criteria. Our results showed that the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and DOR for children with pneumonia diagnosed by LUS were 0.95 (95% CI: 0.94 to 0.96), 0.90 (95% CI: 0.87 to 0.92), and 137.49 (95% CI: 60.21 to 313.98), respectively. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and DOR for pediatric pneumonia diagnosed by CXR was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.90 to 0.93), 1.00 (95% CI: 0.99 to 1.00), and 369.66 (95% CI: 137.14 to 996.47), respectively. Four clinical signs, including pulmonary consolidation, positive air bronchogram, abnormal pleural line, and pleural effusion were most frequently observed using LUS in the screening of children with pneumonia.

Conclusions:
The available evidence suggests that LUS is a reliable, valuable, and alternative method to CXR for the diagnosis of pediatric pneumonia.
Measuring Primary Care Exam Length Using Electronic Health Record Data
Authors: Neprash Hannah T. , Everhart Alexander , McAlpine Donna , Smith Laura Barrie , Sheridan Bethany , Cross Dori A. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Physicians’ time with patients is a critical input to care, but is typically measured retrospectively through survey instruments. Data collected through the use of electronic health records (EHRs) offer an alternative way to measure visit length.

Objective:
To measure how much time primary care physicians spend with their patients, during each visit.

Research Design:
We used a national source of EHR data for primary care practices, from a large health information technology company. We calculated exam length and schedule deviations based on timestamps recorded by the EHR, after implementing sequential data refinements to account for non–real-time EHR use and clinical multitasking. Observational analyses calculated and plotted the mean, median, and interquartile range of exam length and exam length relative to scheduled visit length.

Subjects:
A total of 21,010,780 primary care visits in 2017.

Measures:
We identified primary care visits based on physician specialty. For these visits, we extracted timestamps for EHR activity during the exam. We also extracted scheduled visit length from the EHR’s practice management functionality.

Results:
After data refinements, the average primary care exam was 18.0 minutes long (SD=13.5 min). On average, exams ran later than their scheduled duration by 1.2 minutes (SD=13.5 min). Visits scheduled for 10 or 15 minutes were more likely to exceed their allotted time than visits scheduled for 20 or 30 minutes.

Conclusions:
Time-stamped EHR data offer researchers and health systems an opportunity to measure exam length and other objects of interest related to time.
Impact of an Emergency Department-to-Home Transitional Care Intervention on Health Service Use in Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Schumacher Jessica R. , Lutz Barbara J. , Hall Allyson G. , Harman Jeffrey S. , Turner Kristen , Brumback Babette A. , Hendry Phyllis , Carden Donna L. 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Hospital-based acute care [emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations] that is preventable with high-quality outpatient care contributes to health care system waste and patient harm.

Objective:
To test the hypothesis that an ED-to-home transitional care intervention reduces hospital-based acute care in chronically ill, older ED visitors.

Research Design:
Convergent, parallel, mixed-methods design including a randomized controlled trial.

Setting:
Two diverse Florida EDs.

Subjects:
Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries with chronic illness presenting to the ED.

Intervention:
The Coleman Care Transition Intervention adapted for ED visitors.

Measures:
The main outcome was hospital-based acute care within 60 days of index ED visit. We also assessed office-based outpatient visits during the same period.

Results:
The Intervention did not significantly reduce return ED visits or hospitalizations or increase outpatient visits. In those with return ED visits, the Intervention Group was less likely to be hospitalized than the Usual Care Group. Interview themes describe a cycle of hospital-based acute care largely outside patients’ control that may be difficult to interrupt with a coaching intervention.

Conclusions and Relevance:
Structural features of the health care system, including lack of access to timely outpatient care, funnel patients into the ED and hospital admission. Reducing hospital-based acute care requires increased focus on the health care system rather than patients’ care-seeking decisions.
Digital versus analog PET/CT in patients with known or suspected liver metastases
Authors: Fuentes-Ocampo Francisco , López-Mora Diego Alfonso , Flotats Albert , Camacho Valle , Sizova Marina , Abouzian Safae , Duch Joan , Fernández Alejando , Estorch Montserrat , Carrió Ignasi 
Published: December 2020

Aim
To assess if digital PET/CT improves liver lesion detectability compared to analog PET/CT in patients with known or suspected liver metastases.

Materials and methods
We prospectively included 83 cancer patients, with one or more of these conditions: history of liver metastases, clinical risk of having liver metastases or presence of suspected liver metastases on the first of the two PET/CTs. All patients were consecutively scanned on each PET/CT on the same day after a single [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose dose injection. The order of acquisition was randomly assigned. Three nuclear medicine physicians assessed both PET/CTs by counting the foci of high uptake suspicious of liver metastases. Findings were correlated with appropriate reference standards; 19 patients were excluded from the analysis due to insufficient lesion nature confirmation. The final sample consisted of 64 patients (34 women, mean age 68 ± 12 years).

Results
As per-patient analysis, the mean number of liver lesions detected by the digital PET/CT (3.84 ± 4.25) was significantly higher than that detected by the analog PET/CT (2.91 ± 3.31); P < 0.001. Fifty-five patients had a positive PET/CT study for liver lesions. In 26/55 patients (47%), the digital PET/CT detected more lesions; 7/26 patients (27%) had detectable lesions only by the digital system and had <10 mm of diameter. Twenty-nine patients had the same number of liver lesions detected by both systems. In nine patients both PET/CT systems were negative for liver lesions.

Conclusion
Digital PET/CT offers improved detectability of liver lesions over the analog PET/CT in patients with known or suspected liver metastases.
TED Talk
Authors: Stillwell Susan B. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Evidence-based practice (EBP) is key to improve outcomes and requires health care professionals to appraise research findings. Interpreting statistical findings can be daunting for nursing students.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate student perception and satisfaction with a TED Talk assignment as an approach to understand concepts used to appraise evidence.

Methods
A descriptive design was used to survey students about their experience creating and delivering a TED Talk to their peers in an EBP course.

Results
The assignment helped students engage in learning research/EBP concepts, and they rated the assignment moderately helpful to understand components to appraise evidence. The majority of students were neutral toward or disagreed the TED Talk assignment was a satisfactory experience. Almost 60% of the students recommended the assignment be retained in the course.

Conclusions
The TED Talk assignment was not a universally satisfactory experience. Differences in faculty approach in the course sections may have influenced the findings.
Induced brain magnetic activities related to salient birdsong under noisy conditions
Authors: Yano Hajime , Soeta Yoshiharu 
Published: December 2020

Objective
Birdsong sounds are often used to inform visually-challenged people about the presence of basic infrastructures, and therefore need to be salient in noisy urban environments. How salient sounds are processed in the brain could inform us about the optimal birdsong in such environments. However, brain activity related to birdsong salience is not yet known.

Methods
Oscillatory magnetoencephalographic (MEG) activities and subjective salience induced by six birdsongs under three background noise conditions were measured. Thirteen participants completed the MEG measurements and 11 participants took part in the paired-comparison tests. We estimated the power of induced oscillatory activities, and explored the relationship between subjective salience of birdsongs and the power of induced activities using sparse regression analysis.

Results
According to sparse regression analysis, the subjective salience was explained by the power of induced alpha (8–13 Hz) in the frontal region, induced beta (13–30 Hz) in the occipital region, and induced gamma (30–50 Hz) in the parietal region. The power of the frontal alpha and parietal gamma activities significantly varied across both birds and noise conditions.

Conclusion
These results indicate that frontal alpha activity is related to the salience of birdsong and that parietal gamma activity is related to differences in salience across noisy environments. These results suggest that salient birdsong under a noisy environment activates the bottom-up attention network.
Epigenetics in bipolar disorder: a critical review of the literature
Authors: Legrand Adrien , Iftimovici Anton , Khayachi Anouar , Chaumette Boris 
Published: December 2020

Introduction
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic, disabling disease characterised by alternate mood episodes, switching through depressive and manic/hypomanic phases. Mood stabilizers, in particular lithium salts, constitute the cornerstone of the treatment in the acute phase as well as for the prevention of recurrences. The pathophysiology of BD and the mechanisms of action of mood stabilizers remain largely unknown but several pieces of evidence point to gene x environment interactions. Epigenetics, defined as the regulation of gene expression without genetic changes, could be the molecular substrate of these interactions. In this literature review, we summarize the main epigenetic findings associated with BD and response to mood stabilizers.

Methods
We searched PubMed, and Embase databases and classified the articles depending on the epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs).

Results
We present the different epigenetic modifications associated with BD or with mood-stabilizers. The major reported mechanisms were DNA methylation, histone methylation and acetylation, and non-coding RNAs. Overall, the assessments are poorly harmonized and the results are more limited than in other psychiatric disorders (e.g. schizophrenia). However, the nature of BD and its treatment offer excellent opportunities for epigenetic research: clear impact of environmental factors, clinical variation between manic or depressive episodes resulting in possible identification of state and traits biomarkers, documented impact of mood-stabilizers on the epigenome.

Conclusion
Epigenetic is a growing and promising field in BD that may shed light on its pathophysiology or be useful as biomarkers of response to mood-stabilizer.
Tessaracoccus coleopterorum sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of the dark diving beetle, Hydrophilus acuminatus
Authors: Hyun Dong-Wook , Sung Hojun , Kim Pil Soo , Lee Jae-Yun , Jeong Yun-Seok , Yun Ji-Hyun , Choi Jee-Won , Han Jeong Eun , Lee So-Yeon , Tak Euon Jung , Lee June-Young , Kim Hyun Sik , Bae Jin-Woo 
Published: December 2020

A polyphasic taxonomic approach was used to characterize a novel bacterium, designated as strain HDW20T, isolated from the intestine of the dark diving beetle Hydrophilus acuminatus. The isolate was Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, coccus-shaped, and formed pale orange colonies. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and genome sequences showed that the isolate belonged to the genus

Tessaracoccus

in the phylum

Actinobacteria

and was closely related to

T. flavescens

SST-39T,

T. defluvii

JCM 17540T, and

T. aquimaris

NSG39T, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.5 % and a highest average nucleotide identity (ANI) value of 80.6 %. The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1
ω9c and anteiso-C15 : 0. The main respiratory quinone was MK-9 (H4). The major polar lipid components were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.0 %. The isolate contains ʟʟ-diaminopimelic acid, ʟ-alanine, and ʟ-lysine as amino acid components, and ribose, glucose, and galactose as sugar components of the cell wall peptidoglycan. The results of phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic analyses suggested that strain HDW20T represents a novel species within the genus

Tessaracoccus

. We propose the name Tessaracoccus coleopterorum sp. nov. The type strain is HDW20T (=KACC 21348T=KCTC 49324T=JCM 33674T).
Anomalous epithelial variations and ectopic inflammatory response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Watanabe Naoaki , Nakayama Jun , Fujita Yu , Mori Yutaro , Kadota Tsukasa , Shimomura Iwao , Ohtsuka Takashi , Okamoto Koji , Araya Jun , Kuwano Kazuyoshi , Yamamoto Yusuke 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPhenotypic alterations in the lung epithelium have been widely implicated in Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis, but the precise mechanisms orchestrating this persistent inflammatory process remain unknown due to the complexity of lung parenchymal and mesenchymal architecture. To identify cell type-specific mechanisms and cell-cell interactions among the multiple lung resident cell types and inflammatory cells that contribute to COPD progression, we profiled 52,764 cells from lungs of COPD patients, non-COPD smokers, and never smokers using single-cell RNA sequencing technology. We predicted pseudotime of cell differentiation and cell-to-cell interaction networks in COPD. While epithelial components in never-smokers were relatively uniform, smoker groups represent extensive heterogeneity in epithelial cells, particularly in alveolar type 2 (AT2) clusters. Among AT2 cells, which are generally regarded as alveolar progenitors, we identified a unique subset that significantly increased in COPD patients, and specifically expressed a series of chemokines and PD-L1. A trajectory analysis revealed that the inflammatory AT2 cell subpopulation followed a unique differentiation path, and a prediction model of cell-to-cell interactions inferred significantly increased intercellular networks of inflammatory AT2 cells. Our results identify previously unidentified cell subsets and provide an insight into the biological and clinical characteristics of COPD pathogenesis.