bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What every researcher should know about searching – clarified concepts, search advice, and an agenda to improve finding in academia
Authors: Gusenbauer Michael , Haddaway Neal R. 
Published: October 2020

We researchers have taken searching for information for granted for far too long. The COVID‐19 pandemic shows us the boundaries of academic searching capabilities, both in terms of our know‐how and of the systems we have. With hundreds of studies published daily on COVID‐19, for example, we struggle to find, stay up‐to‐date, and synthesize information—all hampering evidence‐informed decision making. This COVID‐19 information crisis is indicative of the broader problem of information overloaded academic research. To improve our finding capabilities, we urgently need to improve how we search and the systems we use.We respond to Klopfenstein and Dampier (Res Syn Meth. 2020) who commented on our 2020 paper and proposed a way of improving PubMed's and Google Scholar's search functionalities. Our response puts their commentary in a larger frame and suggests how we can improve academic searching altogether. We urge that researchers need to understand that search skills require dedicated education and training. Better and more efficient searching requires an initial understanding of the different goals that define the way searching needs to be conducted. We explain the main types of searching that we academics routinely engage in; distinguishing lookup, exploratory, and systematic searching. These three types must be conducted using different search methods (heuristics) and using search systems with specific capabilities. To improve academic searching, we introduce the “Search Triangle” model emphasizing the importance of matching goals, heuristics, and systems. Further, we suggest an urgently needed agenda toward search literacy as the norm in academic research and fit‐for‐purpose search systems.
Studies on the chemical constituents and quality evaluation of Rosa cymosa Tratt. root
Authors: Fan Xiaorui , Bai Lu , Lin Limei , Liao Duanfang , Gong Yun , Liu Xiaoqian , Wang Zhimin , Li Chun 
Published: October 2020

AbstractNowadays, the root of Rose cymosa Tratt. (Rosaceae) is widely used in clinic as one of the sources of Chinese herb medicine Jinyinggen. However, only few studies have been done on its chemical composition and quality control. In this study, 27 monomeric compounds were obtained from the ethanol extract of the roots of R. cymosa Tratt., including two undescribed triterpenes, one of which contains a distinctive contracted five‐membered A‐ring ursane‐type skeleton and the other is a common ursane‐type tritepene. Then, triterpenoids, the main components of the R. cymosa root, were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by thin‐layer chromatography and high‐performance liquid chromatography methods. Thin‐layer chromatography can identify seven triterpenoids in R. cymosa Tratt. spontaneously. For the high‐performance liquid chromatography fingerprint, total of 16 chromatographic peaks were selected as the common peaks of 20 batches of samples, ten of which were identified by reference substances. At the same chromatographic condition, five abundant triterpenoids were quantitatively assayed. R. cymose, as one of the origins of Jinyinggen, was similar to R. laevigata in triterpenoids compounds, which demonstrated that both of them could be used in the clinical medication. These work also laid a foundation for the further research and development of triterpenoids in R. cymosa root.
Low Skeletal Muscle Mass Is a Risk Factor for Aspiration Pneumonia During Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Endo Kazuhira , Ueno Takayoshi , Hirai Nobuyuki , Komori Takeshi , Nakanishi Yosuke , Kondo Satoru , Wakisaka Naohiro , Yoshizaki Tomokazu 
Published: October 2020

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate whether pretreatment skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) is a predictor for the risk of aspiration pneumonia and to explore the relationship between low SMI and overall survival (OS) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) receiving chemoradiotherapy (CRT).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the data of patients with HNSCC who received CRT during 2010–2019. Patients received a combination of radiotherapy and cisplatin‐based chemotherapy (3 cycles of 80 mg/m2 cisplatin on days 1, 22, and 43). Aspiration pneumonia were defined as the presence of both subjective and objective symptoms. Kaplan–Meier curves were generated to analyze survival.ResultsAmong the 159 patients, 36 (22.6%) developed aspiration pneumonia during treatment. Median SMI in patients with and without pneumonia was 12.4 cm2/m2 (9.0–20.7) and 13.6 cm2/m2 (8.1–19.7), respectively (P < .01). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that SMI was the only independent predictor of aspiration pneumonia (P = .0026). Mean OS was significantly shorter for patients with low SMI than for patients with normal SMI (66.9 months vs. 92.7 months, P = .001).ConclusionPretreatment low SMI predicts development of aspiration pneumonia and is a strong negative prognostic predictor for OS in patients with HNSCC undergoing CRT. Supportive treatment can be provided to patients at high risk of a low SMI. This study is the first to report SMI as a prognostic predictor in HNSCC. Laryngoscope, 131:E1524–E1529, 2021
Relationships of total phosphorus and chlorophyll in lakes worldwide
Authors: Quinlan Roberto , Filazzola Alessandro , Mahdiyan Octavia , Shuvo Arnab , Blagrave Kevin , Ewins Carolyn , Moslenko Luke , Gray Derek K. , O'Reilly Catherine M. , Sharma Sapna 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLakes around the world are sensitive to water quality degradation and eutrophication through increases in primary production. Understanding the drivers of primary production has been a fundamental question in limnology since its early days. Here, we conducted a systematic review to develop a dataset of water chemistry and lake morphometry for 3874 lakes distributed across 47 countries around the world to answer: (1) What is the global relationship between chlorophyll a (Chl a) and total phosphorus (TP) in lakes? (2) Are there inflection points at which the TP–Chl a relationship is no longer linear? and (3) What explains the inflection points and nonlinearities in the TP–Chl a relationship? We found that a sigmoidal relationship between TP and Chl a explained 44% of the variation. We also found physical characteristics of the lake mediated the TP–Chl a relationship such as mean depth, Secchi depth, and elevation. The nonlinear segments of this relationship best described lakes located in very cold (mean annual temperature = −10°C) and hot (> 25°C) climates, which also dominated the high and low ends of TP concentrations, respectively. A positive linear TP–Chl a relationship existed at intermediate concentrations of TP (0.004–0.23 mg L−1). A high degree of variability in Chl a exists between lakes at similar TP levels, highlighting the difficulty in simply decreasing nutrient inputs to manage eutrophication in lakes worldwide. Moreover, as global temperatures continue to rise, the Chl a–TP relationship in lakes located in very cold or warm temperate regions of the world may shift in response to these warmer temperatures.
Coumarin Grafted Polyethylene Matrix as Colorimetric and Fluorescent Chemosensor for Metal Ions
Authors: Vonlanthen Mireille , Rojas‐Montoya Sandra M. , Cuétara‐Guadarrama Fabián , Martínez‐Serrano Ricardo D. , Burillo Guillermina , Rivera Ernesto 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA coumarin‐based chemosensor is synthesized and grafted onto a polyethylene (PE) surface by means of gamma radiation. The obtained polymeric film results to work as test‐paper‐like colorimetric sensor for the detection of Cu2+ ions. After immersion of the grafted PE film into a solution of Cu2+ in chloroform/methanol (8/2), a color change from colorless to green is observed by naked eye together with a quenching of the fluorescence emission. Control experiment with methoxy‐grafted PE films shows no response after the immersion in the same Cu2+ solution. The polymeric sensor can be washed and reused over several cycles for the detection of Cu2+. Moreover, the obtained polymeric sensor is used to detect Zn2+ by means of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) quenching disrupting mechanism. The fluorescence emission increases about three times after immersion in a solution containing Zn2+. A similar behavior is observed in the presence of acidic protons.
Semi‐IPNs Reinforced with Silica Janus Nanoparticles and Their Stress Sensing with Mechanoluminescent Probe
Authors: Wu Mengjiao , Yuan Wei , Yang Fan , Liang Fuxin , Chen Yulan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA series of nanocomposite elastomers are prepared by dispersing surface‐modified silica Janus nanoparticles into semi‐interpenetrating network (Semi‐IPN) of polyurethane/polyethyl methacrylate. Benefiting from the hierarchically crosslinked structures that consist of physical interlocking mediated by hydrogen‐bond‐rich silica Janus nanoparticles and permanent crosslinking by Semi‐IPN, these elastomers exhibit excellent mechanical properties. Moreover, the Janus nanosheet is found more effective in strengthening and toughening the Semi‐IPN, in comparison to Janus hollow sphere. Since 1,2‐dioxetane is covalently embedded in these elastomers as a mechanoluminescent stress probe, stress transfer between the polymer and Janus nanoparticles and the toughening mechanism can be illuminated, which offer exciting opportunities to study the failure process of complex polymer nanocomposites with high spatial and temporal resolution.
Mitochondrial DNA deletion and duplication in Kearns–Sayre Syndrome (KSS) with initial presentation as Pearson Marrow‐Pancreas Syndrome (PMPS): Two case reports in Barranquilla, Colombia
Authors: Sabella‐Jiménez Vanessa , Otero‐Herrera Carlos , Silvera‐Redondo Carlos , Garavito‐Galofre Pilar 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTBackgroundKearns–Sayre Syndrome (KSS) and Pearson Marrow‐Pancreas Syndrome (PMPS) are among the classic phenotypes caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions. KSS is a rare mitochondrial disease defined by a classic triad of progressive external ophthalmoplegia, atypical pigmentary retinopathy, and onset before 20 years. PMPS presents in the first year of life with bone marrow failure and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction, and can evolve into KSS later in life. Even though an mtDNA deletion is the most frequent mutation in KSS and PMPS, cases of duplications and molecular rearrangements have also been described. In Colombia, few case reports of KSS and PMPS have been published in indexed journals or have been registered in scientific events.MethodsWe discuss clinical and genetic aspects of two case reports of pediatric female patients, with initial clinical diagnosis of PMPS who later evolved into KSS, with confirmatory molecular studies of an mtDNA deletion and an mtDNA duplication.ResultsA large‐scale mtDNA deletion, NC_012920.1:m.8286_14416del, was confirmed by Southern Blot in patient 1. An mtDNA duplication of 7.9 kb was confirmed by MLPA in patient 2.ConclusionsOur findings are compatible with the phenotypic and genetic presentation of PMPS and KSS. We present the first molecularly confirmed case reports of Colombian patients, diagnosed initially with PMPS, who later evolved to KSS.
A fast multislice sequence for 3D MRI‐CEST pH imaging
Authors: Villano Daisy , Romdhane Feriel , Irrera Pietro , Consolino Lorena , Anemone Annasofia , Zaiss Moritz , Dastrù Walter , Longo Dario Livio 
Published: October 2020

PurposeChemical exchange saturation transfer MRI can provide accurate pH images, but the slow scan time (due to long saturation periods and multiple offsets sampling) reduce both the volume coverage and spatial resolution capability, hence the possibility to interrogate the heterogeneity in tumors and organs. To overcome these limitations, we propose a fast multislice CEST‐MRI sequence with high pH accuracy and spatial resolution.MethodsThe sequence first uses a long saturation pulse to induce the steady‐state CEST contrast and a second short saturation pulse repeated after each image acquisition to compensate for signal losses based on an uneven irradiation scheme combined with a single‐shot rapid acquisition with refocusing echoes readout. Sequence sensitivity and accuracy in measuring pH was optimized by simulation and assessed by in vitro studies in pH‐varying phantoms. In vivo validation was performed in two applications by acquiring multislice pH images covering the whole tumors and kidneys after iopamidol injection.ResultsSimulated and in vivo data showed comparable contrast efficiency and pH responsiveness by reducing saturation time. The experimental data from a homogeneous, pH‐varying, iopamidol‐containing phantom show that the sequence produced a uniform CEST contrast across slices and accurate values across slices in less than 10 minutes. In vivo measurements allowed us to quantify the 3D pH gradients of tumors and kidneys, with pH ranges comparable with the literature.ConclusionThe proposed fast multislice CEST‐MRI sequence allows volumetric acquisitions with good pH sensitivity, accuracy, and spatial resolution for several in vivo pH imaging applications.
Diagnosing Obesity as a First Step to Weight Loss: An Observational Study
Authors: Ciemins Elizabeth L. , Joshi Vaishali , Cuddeback John K. , Kushner Robert F. , Horn Deborah B. , Garvey W. Timothy 
Published: October 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the relationship between an obesity diagnosis and weight loss as a percentage of total body weight loss over 9 to 15 months, using electronic health record data.MethodsAn observational study of 688,878 adult patients at 15 health systems with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 examined the relationship between weight loss and documentation of obesity diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression models were created using a stepwise backwards elimination procedure to identify potential predictors of weight loss.ResultsOf patients with BMI ≥ 30, 44.9% had an obesity diagnosis on a claim or electronic health record problem list; 16.9% and 5.9% lost ≥ 5% and ≥ 10% of their body weight, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models revealed a diagnosis of obesity on the same day as the initial weight (odds ratio [OR] = 1.3; CI: 1.2‐1.3; P < 0.001) as a predictor of ≥ 5% total body weight loss in 9 to 15 months. Other significant predictors included an antiobesity medication prescription, female sex, diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, Medicare/Medicaid insurance, and number of ambulatory visits.ConclusionsWhile controlling for potentially confounding factors, documentation of an obesity diagnosis remained independently predictive of at least 5% weight loss. This suggests that documenting a diagnosis of obesity may be an important step toward engaging patients to lose weight.
Enhanced fill factor for normal n‐i‐p planar heterojunction and mesoscopic perovskite solar cells using ruthenium‐doped TiO2 electron transporting layer
Authors: Mali Sawanta S. , Patil Jyoti V. , Shinde Pravin S. , Hong Chang Kook 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) fabricated with a normal mesoscopic negative‐intrinsic‐positive (n‐i‐p) device structure have shown a great promise for further developments ever since their enhanced performance with high power conversion efficiency (PCE, 25.2%) and excellent reproducibility. The electron transporting layer (ETL) employed in such PSCs has been a critical component for improving their performance. The present work focuses on the synthesis of high‐quality Ru‐doped compact TiO2 (c‐TiO2) ETLs (Ru:c‐TiO2) by a simple spin‐coating technique. Further, the role of Ru4+ cation doping in c‐TiO2 is discussed in detail. A systematic study revealed that the Ru‐doping not only significantly influences the open‐circuit voltage (Voc), current density (Jsc), and fill factor (FF) but also suppresses the charge recombination in the perovskite devices. The PSCs prepared using Ru‐c‐TiO2 ETLs with optimum Ru‐doping content exhibited PCEs of 19.48% for planar and 20.87% for mesoscopic device architecture with enhanced photovoltage. Additionally, the fabricated PSC devices based on 1.5% Ru:c‐TiO2 ETLs exhibited air stability over 200 days, which is much higher than that of a control device.
On the analysis of a summertime convective event in a hyperarid environment
Authors: Francis Diana , Temimi Marouane , Fonseca Ricardo , Nelli Narendra R. , Abida Rachid , Weston Michael , Whebe Youssef 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA summertime convective event that developed on 5 September 2017 over the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is investigated in this study. Atmospheric profiles from a ground‐based microwave radiometer along with satellite observations and in situ data from three weather stations in the UAE were used. The event was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, forced with four input datasets: Global Forecast System (GFS), Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts ERA‐5 and ERA‐Interim reanalyses. The afternoon and evening convection was triggered by the intrusion of a mid‐level trough from midlatitudes and was favoured by the convergence over land of thermally forced maritime air masses. Near‐surface observations at a weather station revealed a 7 °C drop in air temperature, a doubling of the wind speed to 9 m·s−1 in 30 min, and a shift in wind direction from easterly, to southerly and then westerly in about 45 min, associated with the passage of the cold pool emanating from a Mesoscale Convective System (MCS). At the location where the microwave radiometer was deployed, the pre‐squall low and wake low signatures are also captured, with a 5 m·s−1 increase in the wind speed in just 5 min. The observed features of the studied MCS were found to compare with those reported for MCSs in the Tropics. The four experiments gave a similar performance, although the GFS simulation generally generated higher skill scores. The investigated MCS event was not captured by WRF, which was attributed to a misrepresentation of soil moisture in the model. This study highlights the difficulties regional models like WRF may have in reproducing MCSs over arid/hyperarid regions, which may result in a misrepresentation of their impacts in climate projection studies.
Effects of nerve‐sparing procedures on bowel function after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy: A longitudinal study
Authors: Nishikawa Ryoma , Honda Masashi , Teraoka Shogo , Shimizu Ryutaro , Kimura Yusuke , Iwamoto Hideto , Morizane Shuichi , Hikita Katsuya , Takenaka Atsushi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate rectal pain and bowel function of the patients following robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).MethodsWe divided 296 patients who underwent RARP into two groups depending on the intervention: NS (nerve‐sparing) group (bilateral NS, unilateral NS and bilateral partial NS) and non‐NS group (unilateral partial NS, bilateral non‐NS). Bowel function was assessed using the Extended Prostate Cancer Index Composite for 24 months after RARP.ResultsThe bowel function score and rectal urgency at 1−6 months after RARP were more significantly impaired in the non‐NS group than in the NS group (p < 0.05). In a multivariate analysis of factors affecting the bowel function score at 6 months after RARP, only NS procedure had a significant effect.ConclusionsIn the initial period after RARP, bowel symptoms were significantly impaired. This impairment was affected by the degree of NS. These results could guide patients in their decision to choose RARP.
Cellulose Nanofiber/Carbon Nanotube‐Based Bicontinuous Ion/Electron Conduction Networks for High‐Performance Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Seung‐Hyeok , Kim Ju‐Myung , Ahn David B. , Lee Sang‐Young 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDespite their potential as a next‐generation alternative to current state‐of‐the‐art lithium (Li)‐ion batteries, rechargeable aqueous zinc (Zn)‐ion batteries still lag in practical use due to their low energy density, sluggish redox kinetics, and limited cyclability. In sharp contrast to previous studies that have mostly focused on materials development, herein, a new electrode architecture strategy based on a 3D bicontinuous heterofibrous network scaffold (HNS) is presented. The HNS is an intermingled nanofibrous mixture composed of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs, for electron‐conduction channels) and hydrophilic cellulose nanofibers (CNFs, for electrolyte accessibility). As proof‐of‐concept for the HNS electrode, manganese dioxide (MnO2) particles, one of the representative Zn‐ion cathode active materials, are chosen. The HNS allows uniform dispersion of MnO2 particles and constructs bicontinuous electron/ion conduction pathways over the entire HNS electrode (containing no metallic foil current collectors), thereby facilitating the redox kinetics (in particular, the intercalation/deintercalation of Zn2+ ions) of MnO2 particles. Driven by these advantageous effects, the HNS electrode enables substantial improvements in the rate capability, cyclability (without structural disruption and aggregation of MnO2), and electrode sheet‐based energy (91 Wh kgelectrode−1)/power (1848 W kgelectrode−1) densities, which lie far beyond those achievable with conventional Zn‐ion battery technologies.
Synergistic Interaction of Double/Simple Perovskite Heterostructure for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction at High Current Density
Authors: Liu Yingying , Dou Yingnan , Li Shuang , Xia Tian , Xie Ying , Wang Yan , Zhang Wei , Wang Jingping , Huo Lihuo , Zhao Hui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractElectrocatalytic hydrogen production for industrial level requires highly active and cost‐effective catalysts at large current densities. Herein A‐site Ba‐deficient double perovskite PrBa0.94Co2O5+δ (PB0.94C) is used as a precursor for fabricating PB0.94C‐based double/simple perovskite heterostructure (PB0.94C‐DSPH). PB0.94C‐DSPH with enhanced electrochemical surface area, more hydrophilic surface, and high conductivity ensures abundant active sites, rapid release of gas, and efficient charge transfer at high current densities. The resultant PB0.94C‐DSPH delivers the overpotential of 364 mV at a current density of 500 mA cm−2 for hydrogen evolution reaction in 1.0 m KOH solution, along with excellent long‐term durability. Promisingly, the electrolyzer with PB0.94C‐DSPH cathode and NiFe‐layered double hydroxide anode demonstrates high performance for overall water splitting by yielding high current density of 500 mA cm−2 at 1.93 V. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the double/simple perovskite heterostructure promotes the water adsorption, the dissociation of molecular H2O, and the OH* desorption considerably, which controls the whole hydrogen evolution process. The proposed PB0.94C‐DSPH solves the problem of low hydrogen‐evolution efficiency at high current density faced by noble metal‐based catalysts in basic environment. This study may provide a route to explore high‐demand elements in the earth for addressing the critical catalysts in clean‐energy utilizations.