bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Transformations in (Bi, Sb)2Te3 Solid Solutions Grown by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Bogomolov D I , Bublik V T , Ivanov A A , Voronov M V , Lavrent’ev M G , Panchenko V P , Parkhomenko Yu N , Tabachkova N Yu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
We have studied the dependence of the thermoelectric properties of the bulk (Bi,Sb)2Te3 material on the temperature of spark plasma sintering (SPS). For analysis of the experimental results we took into account the regularities of structure formation in the material. The average crystallite size decreases with an increase in the SPS temperature to above 400 °C. Transmission electron microscopy showed that at above 400 °C the bulk and boundaries of the initial grains that are several micrometers in size contain a large number of nanosized grains (approx 10 – 20 nm) having the same composition. We show that the dependence of the thermoelectric properties of the material on SPS temperature correlates with changes in the fine structure of the material which is controlled by the redistribution of the intrinsic point defects. Our results suggest that, along with the well-known nanostructure formation processes, there is one more high-temperature self-organizing process of the formation of the nanostructural material based on the redistribution and change in the form of occurrence of the nonequilibrium point defects. This information can be used to broaden the possibilities of controlling the properties of the bulk thermoelectric material on the basis of (Bi,Sb)2Te3.
The search of new diagnosing and predicting methods to the thermomechanical and strength characteristics of the component base of control systems for unmanned vehicles of the “smart city” based on 5G technologies
Authors: Zuev S M , Fironov A M , Varlamov D O , Kuksa V V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The data transfer rate which in the near future will be provided by the 5G standard will allow to combine thousands of drones (unmanned aerial vehicles, UAV) in real time into a common network, capable of tracking any situation in the territory of a large metropolis (within the SmartCity project). The large number of UAVs which are in continuous operation in the airspace will lead to a situation where a variety of adverse climatic factors (high humidity, sudden gusts of wind, lightning minutes, electromagnetic fields, electron-ion irradiation, infrared heating, electrostatic discharge, corona discharge in the atmosphere, etc.) will influence on these UAVs. This can lead to systematic failure of this type of device which will lead to additional costs and deterioration of the quality of the system in general. Implementation in the drone-construction some systems similar to systems for protecting aircraft from lightning strikes (for example, the Faraday grille in the body) will lead to a significant increase in the costs of devices. Therefore, a develop proposals for measures to protect drones from such an impact, at the present stage of development, the diagnostic and prediction of the thermo-mechanical and strength characteristics of the component base of control systems of unmanned vehicles of a “smart city” using 5G technology when exposed to external electrical effects of considerable amplitude is of practical value.
Study of hydrogen redistribution in Ti49.1Ni50.9alloy (at %) with nanocrystalline structure by resistometric and durometer methods
Authors: Baturin A A , Lotkov A I , Grishkov V N , Rodionov I S 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe electrolytical hydrogenation of TiNi-based alloys with shape memory and super elasticity results in a significant (by 1,5 times) increase in the microhardness of the surface layer. It is shown that the change of microhardness at long-term aging at room temperature in wire samples of Ti50,1Ni50,9(at %) alloy with nanocrystalline structure can be used for estimation of diffusion mobility of hydrogen. On wire samples with different diameters it is shown that the increase in the relative electrical resistance at 83K at long-term aging at room temperature for this alloy is also associated with the diffusion mobility of hydrogen. Estimates of the hydrogen diffusion coefficient DHshow that in nanocrystalline samples Ti50,1Ni50,9(at %) the diffusion mobility of hydrogen is higher than in coarse-grained samples. This is connected with the increased contribution of grain boundary hydrogen diffusion in samples with nanocrystalline structure.
Microstructure investigation of Ti-26Nb alloy manufactured from elemental powders by electron beam melting
Authors: Khrapov D , Surmeneva M , Koptioug A , Surmenev R 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Alloys which are planned to be used for implants fabrication must possess excellent biocompatibility, high strength, and low Young’s modulus. A low elastic modulus, close to that of the cortical bone could significantly reduce the stress-shielding phenomenon usually occurring after surgery. Beta-titanium alloys such as Ti-Nb are good candidates for this purpose. Nb is known as a biocompatible metal used for titanium β-phase stabilization. Previous investigations indicate that the increase of Nb content results in the increase of β phase amount but the decrease of β grain size. In this study, we were aiming at the investigation of the microstructural properties of a titanium alloy manufactured by electron beam melting from the elemental powders mixture of Ti and Nb with 26 at.% of Nb. The influence of operating parameters on the efficacy of dissolving Nb particles in Ti was studied. The results obtained by SEM analysis demonstrated that electron beam energy has a significant effect on the homogeneity of the manufactured specimens. To obtain homogeneous and porosity-free specimens high energy level is required. The microstructure of these specimens was characterized.
Extraction and determination of humic acids in carbonaceous gold ores
Authors: Chen Guodong , Yang Hongying , Niu Huiqun , Tong Linlin , Zhong Shuiping , Liu Yuanyuan 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Carbonaceous gold ores, containing carbonaceous matters which rob gold, is a kind of refractory gold ore. Humic acids are one of the gold-robbing carbons. In this paper, humic acids were extracted by mixed alkali heating leaching method from the gold concentrate of a carbonaceous gold mine in Guizhou, and the extraction rate was determined by the potassium dichromate oxidation-titration method. The influencing factors which were researched, were sodium hydroxide concentration, sodium pyrophosphate concentration, solid-liquid ratio, leaching temperature and stirring leaching time. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were sodium hydroxide concentration 0.3 mol/L, sodium pyrophosphate concentration 0.06 mol/L, solid-liquid ratio 1:4, leaching temperature 70°C, stirring leaching time 24 h, and the productivity of humic acids was 1.1049%.
Technologies of obtaining aluminum oxynitride by HIP and reactive sintering methods and their influence on the phase composition and density of ceramics
Authors: Prosvirnin D V , Larionov M D , Kolmakov A G , Pivovarchik S V , Levina A V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In this paper, methods for sintering ceramics from aluminum oxynitride are considered. In particular, the effect of reaction sintering and hot isostatic pressing methods is investigated. The influence of these methods on the structure and phase analysis of the obtained ceramic samples was determined.
Effect of the pulse bias voltage parameters on the properties and composition of ZrN coatings deposited by vacuum arc method
Authors: Krysina O V , Shugurov V V , Prokopenko N A , Petrikova E A , Tolkachev O S , Denisova Yu A , Rygina M E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In the work it is revealed that it is possible to control the structure, the phase and elemental composition of ZrN coatings by the change of the parameters of bias voltage (pulse repetition frequency, amplitude, pulse duty factor, etc.). It is established that optimum parameters of pulse bias voltage for the formation of ion-plasma ZrN coatings with a high hardness and wear resistance are Ub
= –150 V, γ = 85%, f = 50 kHz. At these parameters the synthesized coating based on ZrN consists of ZrN crystallites with a cubic crystal lattice, which has [111] texture. The coating has the high hardness (30.5 GPa) and high wear resistance (1.1·10–6 mm3N–1m–1).
Timelines for mitigating the methane impacts of using natural gas for carbon dioxide abatement
Authors: Klemun Magdalena M , Trancik Jessika E 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions through a reliance on natural gas can create a hidden commitment to methane (CH4) leakage mitigation. While the quantity of CH4 leakage from natural gas has been studied extensively, the magnitude and timing of the CH4 mitigation required to meet climate policy goals is less well understood. Here we address this topic by examining the case of US electricity under a range of baseline natural gas leakage rate estimates and emissions equivalency metrics for converting CH4 to CO2-equivalent emissions. We find that CH4 emissions from the power sector would need to be reduced by 30%–90% from today’s levels by 2030 in order to meet a CO2-equivalent climate policy target while continuing to rely on natural gas. These CH4 emissions reductions are greater than the required CO2 reductions under the same policy. Alternatively, expanding carbon-free sources more rapidly could meet the 2030 target without reductions in natural gas leakage rates. The results provide insight on an important policy choice in regions and sectors using natural gas, between emphasizing a natural gas supply chain clean-up effort or an accelerated transition toward carbon-free energy sources.
Soybean Host Plant Resistance to Megacopta cribraria (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) and the Potential Role of Leaf Trichome Density
Authors: Lahiri S , Reisig D D , Reay-Jones F P F , Greene J K , Carter T E , Mian R , Fallen B D 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Megacopta cribraria (F.) (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) is an invasive pest of soybean that has spread across the southeastern United States since its initial discovery in 2009 in Georgia. Previous studies in the southeastern states have documented both the population dynamics of this pest and host plant resistance (HPR) among soybean varieties, although the specific mechanisms of HPR remain unknown. The objectives of this study were, therefore, to 1) quantify field resistance to M. cribraria in multiple soybean varieties in two states previously affected by severe M. cribraria infestations, North Carolina (NC) and South Carolina (SC); and 2) study the role of soybean trichome density in imparting resistance against M. cribraria. Soybean variety ‘Camp’ was least attractive to M. cribraria, through time and locations, suggesting consistent resistance. Other varieties showed variable performance among the locations and sampling dates. A significant difference in trichome density was evident. However, there was no correlation between trichome density and M. cribraria infestation. Compared to a previously published study in the same location, when M. cribraria adults emerging from overwintering dispersed into soybeans, in our study only first-generation adults dispersed into soybeans. Considering the current trend of significantly lower M. cribraria infestation rates in North and South Carolina, this pest may be finally succumbing to indigenous natural enemies and should be managed by incorporating integrated pest management tactics, such as HPR, that help conserve natural enemy populations.
The relation of structural valve deterioration to adverse remodelling and outcome in patients with biological heart valve prostheses
Authors: Issa Issa Farah , Dahl Jordi Sanchez , Poulsen Steen Hvitfeldt , Waziri Farhad , Pedersen Christian Torp , Riber Lars , Søgaard Peter , Møller Jacob Eifer 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Aims
Native valve aortic stenosis is associated with adverse remodelling of the left ventricle and remodelling is stopped or even reversed with aortic valve replacement (AVR). However, the degeneration of bioprostheses and development of structural valve deterioration (SVD) may affect this.

Methods and results
To assess the association with SVD, remodelling and outcome 451 patients from a single surgical centre who had undergone AVR with a Mitroflow pericardial bioprosthesis were studied. All patients were assessed in 2014 and a subgroup of patients (N = 327) were re-exanimated again after at least 18 months [median time of 27 (interquartile range, IQR 26–33) months] including echocardiography, measurements of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and assessment of functional status. SVD was based on echocardiography. Moderate SVD was present in 63 patients (14%) and severe SVD in 19 (4%), in the subgroup with follow-up echocardiography 48 patients (15%) patients had moderate to severe SVD at first examination. Patients with SVD had significantly greater increase in left ventricular (LV) mass index [21.6 g/m2 (IQR 5.7–48.3 g/m2) vs. 9.1 g/m2 (−8.6 to 27.3 g/m2), P = 0.01]. Further, patients with SVD had lower LV ejection fraction [55% (IQR 51–62%) vs. 60% (IQR 54–63%), P = 0.01] at follow-up. During follow-up, 94 patients (21%) met the composite endpoint of death or reoperation due to SVD and 41 patient readmitted for heart failure. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, severe SVD [hazard ratio (HR) 2.64 (1.37–5.07), P = 0.004] was associated with composite endpoint, and readmission for heart failure [HR 3.82 (1.53–9.51), P = 0.004].

Conclusion
SVD in aortic bioprostheses is associated with adverse LV remodelling and adverse outcome.
Good Spirit, Good Life: A Quality of Life Tool and Framework for Older Aboriginal Peoples
Authors: Smith Kate , Gilchrist Lianne , Taylor Kevin , Clinch Christine , Logiudice Dina , Edgill Paula , Ratcliffe Julie , Flicker Leon , Douglas Harry , Bradley Kate , Bessarab Dawn 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The lack of appropriate quality of life (QoL) measures is a major barrier to planning and delivering health and aged care services for older Indigenous peoples worldwide. QoL is dependent on cultural values and priorities may vary between age groups. This project aims to develop a QoL tool for older Aboriginal Australians.

Research Design and Methods
The study was completed with Aboriginal Australians aged over 45 years living in Perth and Melbourne, Australia. Participatory Action Research methods were applied with an Indigenous research paradigm. Semistructured interviews were undertaken to identify the factors important to having a good life. Factors were further explored in yarning groups with older Aboriginal peoples to develop the draft QoL tool questions. Face validity of the tool was completed in two regions.

Results
The participants preferred the term “a good life” to QoL. Having a good spirit is at the core of having a good life. The protective factors for a good life were family and friends, health, culture, Elder role, respect, Country, spirituality, services and supports, community, future plans, safety and security, and basic needs.

Discussion and Implications
Twelve factors were identified and developed into key questions for the Good Spirit, Good Life tool. The draft tool will undergo quantitative validity testing, prior to embedding in service provision to inform care for older Aboriginal peoples. With local adaptation, the tool, accompanying framework, and participatory methods for development may have wider applicability to other Indigenous populations worldwide.
Differential Expression of Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products in Mice Susceptible or Resistant to Chronic Colitis
Authors: Bramhall Michael , Rich Kevin , Chakraborty Ajanta , Logunova Larisa , Han Namshik , Wilson James , McLaughlin John , Brass Andy , Cruickshank Sheena M 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background
Identifying the factors that contribute to chronicity in inflamed colitic tissue is not trivial. However, in mouse models of colitis, we can investigate at preclinical timepoints. We sought to validate murine Trichuris muris infection as a model for identification of factors that promote development of chronic colitis.

Methods
We compared preclinical changes in mice with a resolving immune response to T. muris (resistant) vs mice that fail to expel the worms and develop chronic colitis (susceptible). Findings were then validated in healthy controls and patients with suspected or confirmed IBD.

Results
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) was highly dysregulated between resistant and susceptible mice before the onset of any pathological signs. Increased soluble RAGE (sRAGE) in the serum and feces of resistant mice correlated with reduced colitis scores. Mouse model findings were validated in a preliminary clinical study: fecal sRAGE was differentially expressed in patients with active IBD compared with IBD in remission, patients with IBD excluded, or healthy controls.

Conclusions
Preclinical changes in mouse models can identify early pathways in the development of chronic inflammation that human studies cannot. We identified the decoy receptor sRAGE as a potential mechanism for protection against chronic inflammation in colitis in mice and humans. We propose that the RAGE pathway is clinically relevant in the onset of chronic colitis and that further study of sRAGE in IBD may provide a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target.
The policy space for a novel industrial policy in Europe
Authors: Pianta Mario , Lucchese Matteo , Nascia Leopoldo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article examines the main actions in the field of industrial, investment and innovation policy currently carried out at the European level, focusing on the changes in Europe’s manufacturing production since the 2008 crisis. Current actions by the EU in this field are assessed—including funding programs, fiscal rules, competition policy, the Juncker Plan-InvestEU initiative and the activities of European Investment Bank. The present and potential space for such initiatives is examined in the light of the growing debate on the need for a return to a greater role for public policies in favoring sustainable growth and support investment. In view of the debate on the new EU budget 2021–2017, the scope for a more active industrial policy is discussed.
Requiem for Risk: Non-knowledge and Domination in the Governance of Weapons Circulation
Authors: Stavrianakis Anna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAnalyses of risk in international political sociology and critical security studies have unpicked its operation as a preventive and preemptive political technology. This article examines the countercase of the governance of weapons circulation, in which risk has been mobilized as a permissive technology. Examining UK arms exports to Saudi Arabia and the war in Yemen, I demonstrate how risk assessment constitutes a regime of recklessness in which risk is made not to matter in three main ways: systematic not-knowing about international humanitarian law violations; claims of unintentional harm and practices of reputation management; and future-proofing the inherent temporality of risk. I argue that risk has served to facilitate arms exports despite the potential for harm: it has been mobilized as a mode of domination. This does not suggest a failure of risk as a governance strategy or a contradiction in its operation, however. Rather, it illustrates the generative character of risk as a regulatory technology in contexts marked by asymmetrical power dynamics. If the potential for domination is built into the operation of risk, we need a requiem for risk and a search for alternative grounds of repoliticization that can generate more adequate modes of regulation and accountability.
The Argument Against a Biosimilar Switch Policy for Infliximab in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Living in Alberta
Authors: Kaplan Gilaad G , Ma Christopher , Seow Cynthia H , Kroeker Karen I , Panaccione Remo 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
A nonmedical switch policy is currently being considered in Alberta, which would force patients on originator biologics to biosimilar alternatives with the hypothetical aim of reducing costs to the health care system. The evidence to support the safety of nonmedical switching in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is of low to very low quality; in fact, existing data suggest a potential risk of harm. In a pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials, one patient would lose response to infliximab for every 11 patients undergoing nonmedical switching. Switching to a biosimilar has important logistical and ethical implications including potential forced treatment changes without appropriate patient consent and unfairly penalizing patients living in rural areas and those without private drug insurance. Even in the best-case scenario, assuming perfectly executed switching without logistical delays, we predict switching 2,000 patients with Remicade will lead to over 60 avoidable surgeries in Alberta. Furthermore, nonmedical switching has not been adequately studied in vulnerable populations such as children, pregnant women, and elderly patients. While the crux of the argument for nonmedical switching is cost savings, biosimilar switching may not be cost effective: Particularly when originator therapies are being offered at the same price as biosimilars. Canadian patients with IBD have been surveyed, and their response is clear: They are not in support of nonmedical switching. Policies that directly influence patient health need to consider patient perspectives. Solutions to improve cost efficiency in health care exist but open, transparent collaboration between all involved stakeholders is required.
Evaluation of hydrocarbon potential using fuzzy AHP-based grey relational analysis: a case study in the Laoshan Uplift, South Yellow Sea, China
Authors: Sheng Jie , Sun Jihong , Bai Yongliang , Liu Zhan , Wei Helong , Li Lianwei , Su Guohui , Wang Zhao 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Effective evaluations of hydrocarbon potential contribute to delineating promising target areas for further exploration. Sparse available data and known hydrocarbon reservoirs in frontier areas present considerable challenges to the weighting of geological factors when evaluating hydrocarbon potential. This study proposes a hydrocarbon potential mapping method that employs grey relational analysis (GRA) based on a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (fuzzy AHP). GRA is a comprehensive evaluation method that represents the hydrocarbon favourability according to the proximity between evaluation targets and the ideal target based on multiple evaluation factors and weights among them. To overcome the uncertainty and vagueness in the weighting procedure, the fuzzy AHP technique relies on experts’ knowledge to define the relative importance of evaluation factors and exploits triangular fuzzy numbers to simulate experts’ judgements in pairwise comparisons. The fuzzy AHP-based GRA method was tested using an example in the Laoshan Uplift in the South Yellow Basin of China. This test application not only quantified the favourability of local traps but also revealed their spatial variations on favourability maps and indicated potential targets for further exploration. The results obtained by the fuzzy AHP-based GRA method were more reliable than that of entropy weight-based GRA and displayed a suitable consistency with known geological information, thus demonstrating that such a procedure could reveal the potential spatial features of hydrocarbon accumulations and support the evaluation of hydrocarbon potential in relatively unknown areas.