bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lost Touch? Implications of Physical Touch for Physical Health
Authors: Thomas Patricia A , Kim Seoyoun 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Growing research on the impact of physical touch on health has revealed links to lower blood pressure, higher oxytocin levels, and better sleep, but links to inflammation have not been fully explored. Physical touch may also buffer stress, underscoring its importance during the stressful time of living in the COVID-19 global pandemic—a time that has substantially limited social interactions and during which physical touch has been specifically advised against.

Method
We analyze nationally representative longitudinal data on older adults (N = 1,124) from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project using cross-lagged path models.

Results
More frequent physical touch is significantly related to a lower likelihood of subsequent elevated inflammation.

Discussion
These findings highlight the importance of finding safe ways to incorporate physical touch, even in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Associations Between Personality Traits and Cognitive Resilience in Older Adults
Authors: Graham Eileen K , James Bryan D , Jackson Kathryn L , Willroth Emily C , Boyle Patricia , Wilson Robert , Bennett David A , Mroczek Daniel K 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The goal of this paper was to examine associations between personality traits and resilience to neuropathologic burden.

Method
Using data from the Religious Orders Study and the Rush Memory and Aging Project, we identified a total of 1,375 participants with personality, cognitive, and post-mortem neuropathology data. We regressed cognition onto pathology and extracted the residuals as an indicator of cognitive resilience. We then modeled the effect of Big Five personality traits on cognitive resilience, adjusting for demographics, APOE status, medical comorbidities, and cognitive activity. The analytic plan was preregistered prior to data access or analysis, and all scripts and outputs are available online.

Results
Higher neuroticism was associated with greater vulnerability to pathology. Results from exploratory analyses suggest that higher conscientiousness was associated with less cognitive decline relative to the amount of pathology, or greater resilience. Education and cognitive activity did not moderate these associations.

Discussion
Personality may have a pathoplastic effect on neuropathology, as low neuroticism and high conscientiousness are associated with better function despite neuropathologic burden.
Probabilistic lowermost mantle P-wave tomography from hierarchical Hamiltonian Monte Carlo and model parametrization cross-validation
Authors: Muir Jack B , Tkalčić Hrvoje 
Published: August 2020

SUMMARY
Bayesian methods, powered by Markov Chain Monte Carlo estimates of posterior densities, have become a cornerstone of geophysical inverse theory. These methods have special relevance to the deep Earth, where data are sparse and uncertainties are large. We present a strategy for efficiently solving hierarchical Bayesian geophysical inverse problems for fixed parametrizations using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling, and highlight an effective methodology for determining optimal parametrizations from a set of candidates by using efficient approximations to leave-one-out cross-validation for model complexity. To illustrate these methods, we use a case study of differential traveltime tomography of the lowermost mantle, using short period P-wave data carefully selected to minimize the contributions of the upper mantle and inner core. The resulting tomographic image of the lowermost mantle has a relatively weak degree 2—instead there is substantial heterogeneity at all low spherical harmonic degrees less than 15. This result further reinforces the dichotomy in the lowermost mantle between relatively simple degree 2 dominated long-period S-wave tomographic models, and more complex short-period P-wave tomographic models.
Type I interferons induce peripheral T regulatory cell differentiation under tolerogenic conditions
Authors: Vitale Sara , Russo Valentina , Dettori Beatrice , Palombi Cecilia , Baev Denis , Proietti Enrico , Le Bon Agnes , Belardelli Filippo , Pace Luigia 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
The type I interferons are central to a vast array of immunological functions. The production of these immune-modulatory molecules is initiated at the early stages of the innate immune responses and, therefore, plays a dominant role in shaping downstream events in both innate and adaptive immunity. Indeed, the major role of IFN-α/β is the induction of priming states, relevant for the functional differentiation of T lymphocyte subsets. Among T-cell subtypes, the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) represent a specialized subset of CD4+ T cells with a critical role in maintaining peripheral tolerance and immune homeostasis. Although the role of type I interferons in maintaining the function of thymus-derived Tregs has been previously described, the direct contribution of these innate factors to peripheral Treg (pTreg) and induced Treg (iTreg) differentiation and suppressive function is still unclear. We now show that, under tolerogenic conditions, IFN-α/β play a critical role in antigen-specific and also polyclonal naive CD4+ T-cell conversion into peripheral antigen-specific CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs and inhibit CD4+ T helper (Th) cell expansion in mice. While type I interferons sustain the expression and the activation of the transcription master regulators Foxp3, Stat3 and Stat5, these innate molecules reciprocally inhibit Th17 cell differentiation. Altogether, these results indicate a new pivotal role of IFN-α/β on pTreg differentiation and induction of peripheral tolerance, which may have important implications in the therapeutic control of inflammatory disorders, such as of autoimmune diseases.
User-centered design of a longitudinal care plan for children with medical complexity
Authors: Desai Arti D , Wang Grace , Wignall Julia , Kinard Dylan , Singh Vidhi , Adams Sherri , Pratt Wanda 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
To determine the content priorities and design preferences for a longitudinal care plan (LCP) among caregivers and healthcare providers who care for children with medical complexity (CMC) in acute care settings.

Materials and Methods
We conducted iterative one-on-one design sessions with CMC caregivers (ie, parents/legal guardians) and providers from 5 groups: complex care, primary care, subspecialists, emergency care, and care coordinators. Audio-recorded sessions included content categorization activities, drawing exercises, and scenario-based testing of an electronic LCP prototype. We applied inductive content analysis of session materials to elicit content priorities and design preferences between sessions. Analysis informed iterative prototype revisions.

Results
We conducted 30 design sessions (10 with caregivers, 20 with providers). Caregivers expressed high within-group variability in their content priorities compared to provider groups. Emergency providers had the most unique content priorities among clinicians. We identified 6 key design preferences: a familiar yet customizable layout, a problem-based organization schema, linked content between sections, a table layout for most sections, a balance between unstructured and structured data fields, and use of family-centered terminology.

Discussion
Findings from this study will inform enhancements of electronic health record-embedded LCPs and the development of new LCP tools and applications. The design preferences we identified provide a framework for optimizing integration of family and provider content priorities while maintaining a user-tailored experience.

Conclusion
Health information platforms that incorporate these design preferences into electronic LCPs will help meet the information needs of caregivers and providers caring for CMC in acute care settings.
Characteristics of telehealth users in NYC for COVID-related care during the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Weber Ellerie , Miller Sarah J , Astha Varuna , Janevic Teresa , Benn Emma 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
To explore whether racial/ethnic differences in telehealth use existed during the peak pandemic period among NYC patients seeking care for COVID-19 related symptoms.

Materials and Methods
This study used data from a large health system in NYC – the epicenter of the US crisis – to describe characteristics of patients seeking COVID-related care via telehealth, ER, or office encounters during the peak pandemic period. Using multinomial logistic regression, we estimated the magnitude of the relationship between patient characteristics and the odds of having a first encounter via telehealth versus ER or office visit, and then used regression parameter estimates to predict patients’ probabilities of using different encounter types given their characteristics.

Results
Demographic factors, including race/ethnicity and age, were significantly predictive of telehealth use. As compared to Whites, Blacks had higher adjusted odds of using both the ER versus telehealth (OR: 4.3, 95% CI: 4.0-4.6) and office visits versus telehealth (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.3-1.5). For Hispanics versus Whites, the analogous ORs were 2.5 (95% CI: 2.3-2.7) and 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1-1.3). Compared to any age groups, patients 65+ had significantly higher odds of using either ER or office visits versus telehealth.

Conclusions
The response to COVID-19 has involved an unprecedented expansion in telehealth. While older Americans and minority populations among others are known to be disadvantaged by the digital divide, few studies have examined disparities in telehealth specifically, and none during COVID-19. Additional research into sociodemographic heterogeneity in telehealth use is needed to prevent potentially further exacerbating health disparities overall.
Deep learning approaches for extracting adverse events and indications of dietary supplements from clinical text
Authors: Fan Yadan , Zhou Sicheng , Li Yifan , Zhang Rui 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objective
We sought to demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing deep learning models to extract safety signals related to the use of dietary supplements (DSs) in clinical text.

Materials and Methods
Two tasks were performed in this study. For the named entity recognition (NER) task, Bi-LSTM-CRF (bidirectional long short-term memory conditional random field) and BERT (bidirectional encoder representations from transformers) models were trained and compared with CRF model as a baseline to recognize the named entities of DSs and events from clinical notes. In the relation extraction (RE) task, 2 deep learning models, including attention-based Bi-LSTM and convolutional neural network as well as a random forest model were trained to extract the relations between DSs and events, which were categorized into 3 classes: positive (ie, indication), negative (ie, adverse events), and not related. The best performed NER and RE models were further applied on clinical notes mentioning 88 DSs for discovering DSs adverse events and indications, which were compared with a DS knowledge base.

Results
For the NER task, deep learning models achieved a better performance than CRF, with F1 scores above 0.860. The attention-based Bi-LSTM model performed the best in the RE task, with an F1 score of 0.893. When comparing DS event pairs generated by the deep learning models with the knowledge base for DSs and event, we found both known and unknown pairs.

Conclusions
Deep learning models can detect adverse events and indication of DSs in clinical notes, which hold great potential for monitoring the safety of DS use.
Thermal stress responses of two sympatric crayfishes in Louisiana, Procambarus clarkii Girard, 1852 and Procambarus zonangulus Hobbs & Hobbs, 1990 (Decapoda: Astacoidea: Cambaridae)
Authors: Logarbo Jordan R , Bonvillain Christopher P 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Water temperature is an important abiotic component in farmed and wild crayfish habitats as it influences individual and population characteristics including growth, metabolic activity, and overall population vigor. Thermal limits, however, have not been established for the two commercially important crayfishes in Louisiana, the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) and the southern white river crayfish P. zonangulus (Hobbs & Hobbs, 1990). We aimed to determine the thermal stress responses for the two species. Thermal stress was examined by the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) for crayfish acclimated to 24, 27, or 30 °C for two weeks prior to experimentation. Water temperature in all acclimation trials was increased 1 °C h–1 and the end-point temperature for an individual was determined by the failure of righting response within 30 seconds. CTmax values (±SD) for P. clarkii acclimated at 24, 27, and 30 °C were 39.5 ± 0.5, 39.1 ± 0.3, and 39.4 ± 0.7 °C respectively, and 39.8 ± 0.8, 38.8 ± 0.8, and 39.0 ± 0.6 °C for P. zonangulus. CTmax did not differ significantly between species in any of the acclimation treatments. Thermal stress was also examined by measuring P. clarkii and P. zonangulus hemolymph glucose concentration every two hours for crayfish acclimated at 26 °C for two weeks and water temperature increased 1 °C h–1. Hemolymph glucose concentration began to increase at 36 °C in P. zonangulus and 38 °C in P. clarkii. Large increases in mean hemolymph glucose concentration (±SE) were observed in both P. clarkii (67.19 mg–dl ± 24.55) and P. zonangulus (74.11 mg–dl ± 18.04) at 40 °C.
Personalizing Breast Cancer Screening Based on Polygenic Risk and Family History
Authors: van den Broek Jeroen J , Schechter Clyde B , van Ravesteyn Nicolien T , Janssens A Cecile J W , Wolfson Michael C , Trentham-Dietz Amy , Simard Jacques , Easton Douglas F , Mandelblatt Jeanne S , Kraft Peter , de Koning Harry J 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
We assessed the clinical utility of a first-degree breast cancer family history and polygenic risk score (PRS) to inform screening decisions among women aged 30-50 years.

Methods
Two established breast cancer models evaluated digital mammography screening strategies in the 1985 US birth cohort by risk groups defined by family history and PRS based on 313 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Strategies varied in initiation age (30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 years) and interval (annual, hybrid, biennial, triennial). The benefits (breast cancer deaths averted, life-years gained) and harms (false-positive mammograms, overdiagnoses) were compared with those seen with 3 established screening guidelines.

Results
Women with a breast cancer family history who initiated biennial screening at age 40 years (vs 50 years) had a 36% (model range = 29%-40%) increase in life-years gained and 20% (model range = 16%-24%) more breast cancer deaths averted, but 21% (model range = 17%-23%) more overdiagnoses and 63% (model range = 62%-64%) more false positives. Screening tailored to PRS vs biennial screening from 50 to 74 years had smaller positive effects on life-years gained (20%) and breast cancer deaths averted (11%) but also smaller increases in overdiagnoses (10%) and false positives (26%). Combined use of family history and PRS vs biennial screening from 50 to 74 years had the greatest increase in life-years gained (29%) and breast cancer deaths averted (18%).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that breast cancer family history and PRS could guide screening decisions before age 50 years among women at increased risk for breast cancer but expected increases in overdiagnoses and false positives should be expected.
Safety of yellow fever vaccination in pregnancy: findings from a cohort of active duty US military women
Authors: Hall Clinton , Khodr Zeina G , Chang Richard N , Bukowinski Anna T , Gumbs Gia R , Conlin Ava Marie S 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
Yellow fever (YF) is a rare viral disease that can be prevented through receipt of a live attenuated vaccine. In the US military, service members must receive the YF vaccine before assignment to endemic areas, putting active duty service women at heightened risk for inadvertent exposure during preconception or pregnancy. Few studies have investigated the safety of YF vaccination in pregnancy to date, and none in a military population.

Methods
Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Research program data were used to identify pregnancies and infants among active duty US military women, 2003–2014. Multivariable regression models estimated associations with YF vaccine exposure during preconception/pregnancy and adverse outcomes (e.g. spontaneous abortion, birth defects). Sensitivity analyses were performed that excluded pregnancies exposed to other live vaccines. For analyses of birth defects only, a secondary sensitivity analysis was performed that excluded infants diagnosed with chromosomal anomalies.

Results
Of the 196 802 pregnancies and 160 706 singleton infants identified, 1347 (0.7%) and 1132 (0.7%), respectively, were exposed to the YF vaccine. No increased risks for adverse pregnancy or infant outcomes were observed in the main analysis. In sensitivity analyses that excluded pregnancies exposed to other live vaccines, preconception YF vaccine exposure was associated with birth defects [adjusted risk ratio (aRR) = 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08–2.73]; this association was attenuated when further excluding infants with chromosomal anomalies (aRR = 1.59, 95% CI = 0.97–2.62).

Conclusions
Overall, YF vaccine exposure did not appear to be associated with most adverse outcomes among this population of pregnant military women. A tenuous association between preconception YF vaccine exposure and birth defects was observed in sensitivity analyses, which may warrant further investigation.
Assessment of the roles of SPO11-2 and SPO11-4 in meiosis in rice using CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis
Authors: Fayos Ian , Meunier Anne Cécile , Vernet Aurore , Navarro-Sanz Sergi , Portefaix Murielle , Lartaud Marc , Bastianelli Giacomo , Périn Christophe , Nicolas Alain , Guiderdoni Emmanuel 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
In Arabidopsis, chromosomal double-strand breaks at meiosis are presumably catalyzed by two distinct SPO11 transesterases, AtSPO11-1 and AtSPO11-2, together with M-TOPVIB. To clarify the roles of the SPO11 paralogs in rice, we used CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis to produce null biallelic mutants in OsSPO11-1, OsSPO11-2, and OsSPO11-4. Similar to Osspo11-1, biallelic mutations in the first exon of OsSPO11-2 led to complete panicle sterility. Conversely, all Osspo11-4 biallelic mutants were fertile. To generate segregating Osspo11-2 mutant lines, we developed a strategy based on dual intron targeting. Similar to Osspo11-1, the pollen mother cells of Osspo11-2 progeny plants showed an absence of bivalent formation at metaphase I, aberrant segregation of homologous chromosomes, and formation of non-viable tetrads. In contrast, the chromosome behavior in Osspo11-4 male meiocytes was indistinguishable from that in the wild type. While similar numbers of OsDMC1 foci were revealed by immunostaining in wild-type and Osspo11-4 prophase pollen mother cells (114 and 101, respectively), a surprisingly high number (85) of foci was observed in the sterile Osspo11-2 mutant, indicative of a divergent function between OsSPO11-1 and OsSPO11-2. This study demonstrates that whereas OsSPO11-1 and OsSPO11-2 are the likely orthologs of AtSPO11-1 and AtSPO11-2, OsSPO11-4 has no major role in wild-type rice meiosis.
Diphenyl diselenide and its interaction with antifungals against Aspergillus spp.
Authors: Melo Aryse Martins , Poester Vanice Rodrigues , Trapaga Mariana , Nogueira Cristina Wayne , Zeni Gilson , Martinez Marife , Sass Gabriele , Stevens David A , Xavier Melissa Orzechowski 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Given the few antifungal classes available to treat aspergillosis, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2 alone and in combination with classical antifungals against Aspergillus spp., and its in vivo activity in a systemic experimental aspergillosis model. We performed in vitro broth microdilution assay of (PhSe)2 against 32 Aspergillus isolates; and a checkboard assay to test the interaction of this compound with itraconazole (ITC), voriconazole (VRC), amphotericin B (AMB), and caspofungin (CAS), against nine Aspergillus isolates. An experimental model of invasive aspergillosis in mice was studied, and survival curves were compared between an untreated group and groups treated with 100 mg/kg ITC, or (PhSe)2 in different dosages (10 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg). All Aspergillus non-fumigatus and 50% of A. fumigatus were inhibited by (PhSe)2 in concentrations ≤ 64 µg/ml, with significant differences in MICs between the sections. Synergism or additive effect in the in vitro (PhSe)2 interaction with VRC and CAS was observed against the majority of isolates, and with ITC against the non-fumigatus strains. In addition to the inhibitory interaction, (PhSe)2 was able to add a fungicidal effect to CAS. Survival curves from the systemic experimental aspergillosis model demonstrated that the inoculum caused an acute and lethal infection in mice, and no treatment applied significantly prolonged survival over that of the control group. The results highlight the promising activity of (PhSe)2 against Aspergillus species, but more in vivo studies are needed to determine its potential applicability in aspergillosis treatment.
Stability of planetary, single M dwarf, and binary star companions to Kepler detached eclipsing binaries and a possible five-body system
Authors: Getley A K , Carter B , King R , O’Toole S 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
In this study, we identify 11 Kepler systems (KIC 5255552, 5653126, 5731312, 7670617, 7821010, 8023317, 10268809, 10296163, 11519226, 11558882, and 12356914) with a flip-flop effect in the eclipse timing variations O − C diagrams of the systems, report on what these systems have in common and whether these systems are dynamically stable. These systems have previously reported high eccentric binary stars with highly eccentric third bodies/outer companions. We find that all of the additional bodies in the system are dynamically stable for the configurations previously reported and are therefore likely to exist as described. We also provide additional evidence of KIC 5255552 being a quadruple star system composed of an eclipsing binary pair and non-eclipsing binary pair with the possibility of a fifth body in the system. With the advent of the NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) exoplanet survey, its precision photometric monitoring offers an opportunity to help confirm more local eclipsing binary star companions, including planets.