bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘The Irish and the Jews have a good deal in common’: Irish republicanism, anti-Semitism and the post-war world
Authors: Hanley Brian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article examines how anti-Semitism influenced republican politics in revolutionary Ireland. It looks at Irish republican attitudes toward Jews, including examples of anti-Semitism. Jews were a visible minority in Ireland and one that was sometimes seen as unionist politically. This article illustrates how conspiracy theories about Jewish influence sometimes featured in Irish nationalist tropes, but were far more common in British and unionist discourses regarding events in Ireland. It also shows how individual Jews took part in revolutionary activities, even as some republicans expressed suspicion about them. Outside Ireland, Irish revolutionaries interacted with Jews in several locations, particularly the United States. There was often cooperation in these settings and both groups expressed solidarity towards one another.
Policy for science by ballot or by roll call?
Authors: Ralston Jonah J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study compares stem cell research policymaking by legislators and citizens in the United States. First, using exit poll results from a 2006 stem cell research initiative in Missouri, the study finds that deeply held personal values such as religious beliefs and views of abortion predominate in an individual’s voting decision on this issue; second, an analysis of voting behavior by senators on the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act of 2005 finds that senators make their voting decisions based on their personal policy preferences rather than their constituents’ preferences; and third, the complexity of the Missouri citizen initiative is compared with that of the legislation in the U.S. Senate, finding that the language of the citizen initiative is more sophisticated than the language of the legislative act. These findings provide the context for a broader discussion of the role of citizens and legislators in making policy for science.
Association between coffee consumption and functional disability in older US adults
Authors: Wang Tong , Wu Yili , Wang Weijing , Zhang Dongfeng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe effect of coffee consumption on functional disability has been scarcely investigated. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association between coffee consumption and functional disability in older American adults. Participants (≥60 years old, n 7704) were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2016. Coffee consumption was assessed through two 24-h dietary recall interviews. Five domains of functional disability including lower extremity mobility (LEM), general physical activity (GPA), leisure and social activities (LSA), activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were self-reported. Age- and multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used. Total coffee consumption was inversely associated with LEM, GPA, LSA and IADL disability. Compared with non-drinkers of total coffee, those who consumed ≥2 cups/d reported lower odds of LEM (OR 0·67, 95 % CI 0·50, 0·91), GPA (OR 0·65, 95 % CI 0·47, 0·88), LSA (OR 0·61, 95 % CI 0·45, 0·83) and IADL (OR 0·59, 95 % CI 0·44, 0·78) disability. The dose–response analyses confirmed these relationships. Intake of ≥2 cups/d caffeinated coffee was also inversely linked to GPA (OR 0·67, 95 % CI 0·48, 0·92), LSA (OR 0·66, 95 % CI 0·46, 0·93) and IADL (OR 0·57, 95 % CI 0·43, 0·75) disability, whereas the inverse association of 2+ cups/d decaffeinated coffee was only on LEM (OR 0·43, 95 % CI 0·23, 0·81) and LSA (OR 0·39, 95 % CI 0·16, 0·94) disability. The present study suggested that coffee consumption was inversely associated with functional disability in older American adults. Those associations of diverse coffee types differed across domains of functional disability.
Endoparasitic diversity from the Southern Ocean: is it really low in Antarctic fish?
Authors: Muñoz G. , Cartes F.D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe biodiversity and composition of endoparasites in fish obtained from the Antarctic and subantarctic zones are compared in this study. Several fish were collected in the summer from Antarctica (King George Island) and the Southern Pacific coast (Strait of Magellan and Almirante Montt Gulf). This database was complemented with published information on fish endoparasite communities from both zones, with specimens of fish sample sizen≥ 15. Thus, 31 fish species were analysed in this study, which altogether had 79 parasite species. Diversity indices were calculated for the parasite community of each fish species. Then they were compared between the Antarctic and subantarctic zones. Parasite species composition and host specificity (as the number of fish species used by a parasite species) were also analysed and compared between zones. The diversity indices and the abundance of parasites were significantly higher in the Antarctic than the subantarctic fish. Few parasite species (7.6%) were shared between fish from both zones, showing significant differences in parasite composition. Antarctic parasites were less host-specific than subantarctic parasites, which allowed the coexistence of several parasite species in the fish. The high parasite abundance in Antarctic fish could trigger sympatric speciation in certain parasitic lineages or the exploitation of new resources, resulting in more parasite species than those in subantarctic environments. The high abundance of Antarctic parasites implies different methods and rates of transmission than those of subantarctic parasites. In addition, more alternative fish hosts were used by the Antarctic than subantarctic parasites. This altogether indicates that host–parasite interaction dynamics significantly differ between the Antarctic and subantarctic systems.
Atypical context-dependent speech processing in autism
Authors: Yu Alan Chi Lun , To Carol Kit Sum 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe ability to take contextual information into account is essential for successful speech processing. This study examines individuals with high-functioning autism and those without in terms of how they adjust their perceptual expectation while discriminating speech sounds in different phonological contexts. Listeners were asked to discriminate pairs of sibilant-vowel monosyllables. Typically, discriminability of sibilants increases when the sibilants are embedded in perceptually enhancing contexts (if the appropriate context-specific perceptual adjustment were performed) and decreases in perceptually diminishing contexts. This study found a reduction in the differences in perceptual response across enhancing and diminishing contexts among high-functioning autistic individuals relative to the neurotypical controls. The reduction in perceptual expectation adjustment is consistent with an increase in autonomy in low-level perceptual processing in autism and a reduction in the influence of top-down information from surrounding information.
(Non-)Stereotypical representations of older people in Swedish authority-managed social media
Authors: Xu Wenqian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSocial media facilitates the sharing of ideas, thoughts and information about older people and later life through online networks and communities in contemporary society. Social media content about older people has become important for understanding media representations of older people, but it has not been sufficiently studied. Recent studies suggest that older people are predominantly represented as a disempowered, vulnerable and homogeneous group on social media sites, such as Facebook and Twitter. Because local authorities in many countries have begun using Facebook to reach out to and interact with citizens, they are seen as a significant producer of media content about older people and later life. The purpose of this study is to examine the ways in which Swedish local authorities have visually portrayed older people in their use of Facebook compared with other age groups. This research performed a visual content analysis of 1,000 Facebook posts posted by 33 Swedish local authorities, employing ten analytical aspects to describe and interpret the signs, activities and contexts associated with older people and other age groups (infants, children, adolescents and adults). The study found that the representations of older people on the Facebook pages of local authorities appeared to be not very diverse; specifically, older people (including those in residential care homes) were mainly portrayed as remaining socially engaged and moderately physically capable. This media representation destabilised the prevalent negative stereotypes of older people as being out of touch and dependent; however, it collided with the reality of older individuals with care needs. Additionally, this study argues that older people are represented as inferior to the young in terms of physical and technological competence, based on the connotations of the signs. Given that local authorities have progressively incorporated social media into their daily work, it is expected that this study will contribute to a greater understanding of the ways in which local authorities produce (non-)stereotypical representations of older people on social media.
Dietary patterns, foods and nutrients: a descriptive analysis of the systematic reviews conducted to inform the Australian Dietary Guidelines
Authors: Wingrove Kate , Lawrence Mark A. , McNaughton Sarah A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDietary guidelines should be underpinned by the best available evidence on relationships between diet and health, including evidence from nutrient-based, food-based and dietary patterns research. The primary aim of the present study was to analyse the systematic reviews conducted to inform the 2013 Australian Dietary Guidelines according to dietary exposure. The secondary aim was to analyse the reviews by health outcome, and design of included studies. To identify the systematic reviews, the dietary guidelines report was used as a starting point and relevant references were retrieved. The evidence report contained the data used in this analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse reviews according to exposure, outcome, and design of included studies. A total of 143 systematic reviews were included in this analysis. Foods were the most common exposure (86·7 % of reviews), followed by nutrients (10·5 %) and dietary patterns (2·8 %). Chronic disease morbidity and/or mortality was the most common outcome (80·4 %), followed by chronic disease risk factors (19·6 %). Most reviews included evidence from cohort or nested case–control studies (92·3 %), many included evidence from case–control studies (61·5 %) and some included evidence from randomised controlled trials (28·7 %). These results reflect the research questions that were asked, the systematic review methods that were used, and the evidence that was available. In developing future iterations of the Australian Dietary Guidelines, there is an opportunity to review the latest evidence from dietary patterns research.
Venous duct stenting in a 940-gram infant with infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Authors: Hope Kyle D. , Lahiri Subhrajit , Qureshi Athar M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAn extremely low birthweight infant (940 grams) with a rare variant of obstructed infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous return underwent stenting of the venous duct as bridge to later surgical intervention. While technically challenging, this procedure represents a bridge to surgery for infants who might otherwise not be surgical candidates.
Myocardial infarction in a child with multiple coronary aneurysms and neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Isabelle Piazza , Gianluca Pontone , Paolo Ferrero 
Published: August 2020

AbstractVascular involvement in neurofibromatosis type 1 has been described, although coronary artery disease is rare. Data about clinical presentation and natural history are anecdotal. This is the first case of myocardial infarction due to coronary aneurysms in a 13-year-old boy with neurofibromatosis type 1. We discuss pathophysiology, diagnostic images, and therapeutic management of this rare association.
Agent-based modelling of interstellar contacts using rumour spread models
Authors: Uyar Tevfik , Özel Mehmet Emin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSome stochastic model of rumours asserts that even an advanced communication network does not guarantee every agent hears certain news because they predict that rumour spreaders convert to stifflers when contacted with an informed agent. In this study, we adapted two rumour spread models to interstellar communication by developing an agent-based model (ABM) for exploring the issue more rigorously. We enhanced the spread models by adding two additional parameters called conversion probability and stop-criterion, which represent the eagerness and persistency of civilizations to establish new contacts. Results of the ABM under several settings suggest that limited SETI searches lead to undiscovered civilizations. Earth may be one of these undiscovered civilizations although an advanced communication network might already be set up. Hence, we speculate that rumour spread models can propose another solution to Fermi's Paradox.
Lost Voices: Chinese Muslim Modernists and the Issue of Polygamy in the Republican Era
Authors: Chen Bin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis study brings the voices of Chinese Muslim modernists back into discussions on polygamy in the Republican era. Starting from the late nineteenth century, abolishing the practice of polygamous marriage became a vital component of Chinese modernizing elites’ vision of modern Chinese society, as they saw polygamy as an obstacle to modernization. Chinese Muslim modernists actively engaged in China's struggle with polygamy. Their dynamic discussions on polygamy were not insignificant and peripheral. On the contrary, when the Republican law promoting monogamy was hard to implement, some Chinese Muslim modernists pushed their fellow Muslims to set examples for other Chinese to obey the law. The Chinese translations of Arabic scholarly work even helped some Chinese Muslim modernists take a different approach to the issue of polygamy by arguing that polygamy, if properly regulated, could be beneficial to modern societies.
Non‐Additivity of the Midlatitude Circulation Response to Regional Arctic Temperature Anomalies: The Role of the Stratosphere
Authors: De Bithi , Wu Yutian , Polvani Lorenzo M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have documented the impact of the Arctic sea ice loss and associated warming on the midlatitude weather and climate, especially the influence of sea ice retreat over the Barents‐Kara Sea on the North Atlantic and Europe regions. However, less attention has been given to other geographical locations over the Arctic, and to the linear additivity of the circulation response to regional Arctic sea ice loss and temperature anomalies. Using a simplified dry dynamical core model, we demonstrate that responses to regional Arctic temperature anomalies over the Barents‐Kara Sea, Baffin Bay‐Davis Strait‐Labrador Sea, and East Siberia‐Chukchi Sea, separately, cause similar equatorward shift of the tropospheric jet, but different stratospheric polar vortex responses. Furthermore, responses to regional Arctic temperature anomalies are not linearly additive, and the residual resembles a positive Northern Annular Mode‐like structure. Additional targeted experiments highlight the stratospheric influence in the non‐additivity of the midlatitude tropospheric response.
Forming a Mogi Doughnut in the Years Prior to and Immediately Before the 2014 M8.1 Iquique, Northern Chile, Earthquake
Authors: Schurr B. , Moreno M. , Tréhu A. M. , Bedford J. , Kummerow J. , Li S. , Oncken O. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAsperities are patches where the fault surfaces stick until they break in earthquakes. Locating asperities and understanding their causes in subduction zones is challenging because they are generally located offshore. We use seismicity, interseismic and coseismic slip, and the residual gravity field to map the asperity responsible for the 2014 M8.1 Iquique, Chile, earthquake. For several years prior to the mainshock, seismicity occurred exclusively downdip of the asperity. Two weeks before the mainshock, a series of foreshocks first broke the upper plate then the updip rim of the asperity. This seismicity formed a ring around the slip patch (asperity) that later ruptured in the mainshock. The asperity correlated both with high interseismic locking and a circular gravity low, suggesting that it is controlled by geologic structure. Most features of the spatiotemporal seismicity pattern can be explained by a mechanical model in which a single asperity is stressed by relative plate motion.
A Relationship Between ITCZ Organization and Subtropical Humidity
Authors: Hohenegger Cathy , Jakob Christian 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMotivated by the results of idealized studies on the self‐aggregation of convection, we investigate a potential relationship between the degree of organization of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and humidity based on reanalysis data. We focus on the Atlantic ITCZ and use the number of long convergence lines occurring per month to define the degree of organization. The latter shows a weak enhancement during June to August (JJA) and a large interannual variability. On an interannual time scale and particularly during JJA, a relationship exists between organization and humidity: Years with more organized ITCZs are associated with a moister ITCZ region and drier subtropics. Even though we cannot demonstrate any causality and cannot rule out the presence of another agent, we show that these moisture anomalies are not incompatible with an effect of organization. We also note that the annual cycle in sea surface temperature (SST) gradient may contribute to the intra‐annual variability in organization.
Seasonal Forecasts of Winter Temperature Improved by Higher‐Order Modes of Mean Sea Level Pressure Variability in the North Atlantic Sector
Authors: Dalelane Clementine , Dobrynin Mikhail , Fröhlich Kristina 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe variability of the sea level pressure in the North Atlantic sector is the most important driver of weather and climate in Europe. The main mode of this variability, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), explains up to 50% of the total variance. Other modes, known as the Scandinavian index, East Atlantic, and East Atlantic/West Russian pattern, complement the variability of the sea level pressure, thereby influencing the European climate. It has been shown previously that a seasonal prediction system with enhanced winter NAO skill due to ensemble subsampling entails an improved prediction of the surface climate variables as well. Here, we show that a refined subselection procedure that accounts both for the NAO index and for the three additional modes of sea level pressure variability is able to further increase the prediction skill of wintertime mean sea level pressure, near‐surface temperature, and precipitation across Europe.
Isostatic Control of Axial Rivers and Large Drainage Basins on Passive Margins
Authors: Jiao Ruohong , Braun Jean , Kravitz Katherine 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMore than half of the world's large rivers flow towards the ocean crossing passive continental margins. Here using an analytical solution and numerical models, we demonstrate that on passive margins, river basins may be integrated by major margin‐parallel channels, which form as a flexural isostatic response of the lithosphere to mechanical/erosional unloading along the margin. We analyzed the downstream courses of large rivers flowing across the passive margins and find that the majority of them (31 of 36) have major margin‐parallel channels. Occurrences of these channels are generally consistent with the model predictions, although the exact locations and geometry of these rivers may also be controlled/changed by other factors. Our results suggest that the lithosphere strength has an important control on the geometry of large river systems on passive margins, linking the evolution and routing of the Earth's freshwater systems to its deep interior dynamics.
Impact of Interannual Ozone Variations on the Downward Coupling of the 2002 Southern Hemisphere Stratospheric Warming
Authors: Hendon H. H. , Lim E.‐P. , Abhik S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Southern Hemisphere experienced its first recorded major sudden stratospheric warming during September 2002, which subsequently resulted in strong low polarity of the Southern Annular Mode (low SAM) and extreme daily mean maximum temperatures and low rainfall over eastern Australia during October 2002. The warming and weakening of the polar vortex were accompanied by anomalously high values of polar stratospheric ozone, which possibly could have constructively sustained the weakened vortex and subsequent development of low SAM. We explore the impact of this ozone variation by conducting an idealized forecast experiment using the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's operational subseasonal to seasonal prediction system (Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator‐Seasonal forecast system version 1, ACCESS‐S1), whose atmospheric model well resolves the stratosphere. The ACCESS‐S1 control forecasts are generated with prescribed climatological monthly mean ozone, whereas the observed monthly mean ozone during 2002 is prescribed during the forecast for the experiment. While the control forecasts initialized on 1 August 2002 demonstrate good skill in predicting the weakening of the polar vortex and the resultant occurrence of low SAM during October, the extremity of the SAM anomaly and associated extreme high temperatures and low rainfall over eastern Australia were significantly underpredicted. Prescribing the observed ozone results in more realistic weakening of the stratospheric vortex and stronger development of low SAM and extreme warm conditions in eastern Australia during October 2002. These results suggest that polar stratospheric ozone variations are a potential source of long lead climate variability, which can be tapped with future ACCESS‐S development.