bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating a chemical fungicide and Bacillus subtilis BIOUFLA2 ensures leaf protection and reduces ear rot (Fusarium verticillioides) and fumonisin content in maize
Authors: Guimarães Rafaela Araújo , Zanotto Edgar , Perrony Paul Esteban Pherez , Zanotto Lidia Almeida Salum , da Silva Leonardo José , Machado José da Cruz , Pinto Felipe Augusto Moretti Ferreira , Medeiros Henrique Novaes , von Pinho Renzo Garcia , de Melo Itamar Soares , da Silva Júlio Carlos Pereira , de Medeiros Fernanda Carvalho Lopes , de Medeiros Flávio Henrique Vasconcelos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractFungicides in maize production under tropical conditions reduce losses from foliar diseases, but only a few reduce ear rot incidence or mycotoxin contamination in kernels. Biocontrol agents (BCAs) may reduce postharvest losses but their efficacy has not been demonstrated in field conditions. Here, we evaluated the use of bacterial isolates in tandem with fungicides on Fusarium verticillioides incidence and fumonisin content. After an early screening, Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces araujoniae isolates were used in field trials. Maize plants were sprayed twice: at the end of the vegetative stage (V9) and at the beginning of the reproductive stage (R1). Sprays were made by applying water, B. subtilis strain BIOUFLA2, S. araujoniae strain ASBV‐1T, or fungicide (cyproconazole + azoxystrobin) in different combinations, totalling nine treatments. Ten days later, all maize ears were inoculated with F. verticillioides. Plants were assessed for foliar diseases, grain yield, F. verticillioides incidence and fumonisin content in kernels. The treatment with two fungicide sprays reduced most of the foliar diseases but not F. verticillioides incidence in kernels. Twice‐sprayed B. subtilis and S. araujoniae reduced F. verticillioides, but did not protect leaves against other pathogens. All treatments encompassing a fungicide followed by one of the BCAs reduced F. verticillioides incidence compared to control. Twice‐sprayed fungicide increased fumonisin by 50% compared to water control, while fungicide followed by B. subtilis decreased the fumonisin content by 40%. Replacing the second chemical spray with S. araujoniae did not reduce the fumonisin content but provided a higher yield than a twice‐sprayed fungicide. Exclusive use of chemical fungicides may not ensure higher grain quality and yield, but the integration with B. subtilis BIOUFLA2 can accomplish both.
The lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender communities' mental health care needs and experiences of mental health services: An integrative review of qualitative studies
Authors: Rees Samuel N. , Crowe Marie , Harris Shirley 
Published: December 2020

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?There is evidence that the LGBT communities experience greater health disparities, particularly in relation to their mental health needs.The LGBT communities are often faced with stigma and discrimination within mental health services.What the paper adds to existing knowledge?People within the LGBT communities have identified that their experiences of mental health services reinforce stigma and lack an understanding of their specific needs.Their needs can be addressed by mental health services that challenge heteronormative assumptions and promote self‐acceptance and equity.What are the implications for practice?The existing heteronormative culture in mental health nursing practice needs to be challenged.Practice needs to demonstrate self-awareness of personal and societal LGBT biases, prejudices, and stigma.Practice needs to demonstrate knowledge of important LGBT health care and psychosocial issues.Practice needs to reflect LGBT clinical skills grounded in professional ethics, guidelines, and standards of care.AbstractIntroductionThe lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) communities are a minority population that experience a range of health disparities, including mental health. Because these groups have higher rates of mental disorder than the general population it is, therefore, pertinent to identify their specific mental health needs and their experiences when accessing mental health care.AimTo identify the mental health needs of the LGBT communities and their experiences of accessing mental health care.MethodsAn integrative review of qualitative studies was conducted.ResultsA total of fourteen studies were selected for this review. The studies identified that participants’ experiences of accessing mental health care were related to (a) experiencing stigma and (b) staff's lack of knowledge and understanding of LGBT people's needs. They identified a need for mental health care that promotes the principles of equity, inclusion and respect for diversity.DiscussionThe LGBT communities while not a homogenous group, face unique challenges when dealing with their mental health needs. Services that promote health equity and self‐acceptance are important for this group.Implications for practiceIt is vital that mental health nursing education incorporate models that promote equity, inclusion and respect for diversity regarding this group of people.
Effect of ET‐A blockade on portal pressure and hepatic arterial perfusion in patients with cirrhosis: A proof of concept study
Authors: Zipprich Alexander , Gittinger Fleur , Winkler Matthias , Dollinger Matthias M. , Ripoll Cristina 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground/aimEndothelin causes vasoconstriction via the endothelin‐A receptor (ET‐A) in the intrahepatic circulation in cirrhosis and its increase leads to portal hypertension. The aim of the study was to investigate the acute effect of a selective ET‐A antagonist in patients with portal hypertension and cirrhosis.MethodsProof‐of‐concept study with two different substudies: (a) local intrahepatic administration of the ET‐A antagonist BQ 123 and (b) systemic oral administration of the ET‐A antagonist Ambrisentan. Portal pressure was determined by hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG, both substudies) and hepatic arterial blood flow (HABF) by intra‐arterial Doppler measurements (substudy 1) before and under the ET‐A antagonist. Systemic haemodynamic parameters were measured in substudy 2.ResultsTwelve patients (Child‐Pugh [CP] B/C n = 7/5) were included in substudy 1 and 14 patients (CP A/B/C n = 4/6/4) in substudy 2. The relative decrease in HVPG was −12.5% (IQR: −40% to 0%; P = .05) in substudy 1 and −5.0% (IQR: −11.5% to 0%; P = .01) in substudy 2. Substudy 1 revealed higher decrease in HVPG in CP B patients. HABF increased significantly and patients without portal pressure decrease showed a higher increase of HABF. Substudy 2 showed a slight decrease in the mean arterial pressure without changes of other systemic haemodynamic parameters.ConclusionAdministration of a selective ET‐A antagonist decreases the portal pressure in cirrhotic patients. This decrease was higher in CP B patients and the non‐responders showed a higher increase in hepatic arterial flow. Selective ET‐A antagonists might be a future treatment option in patients with portal hypertension.
Nutrition‐sensitive agriculture programme impacts on time use and associations with nutrition outcomes
Authors: van den Bold Mara , Bliznashka Lilia , Ramani Gayathri , Olney Deanna , Quisumbing Agnes , Pedehombga Abdoulaye , Ouedraogo Marcellin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSuccess of nutrition‐sensitive agriculture programmes targeted to women may be influenced by increased demands on women's and other household members' time and by time‐related trade‐offs to accommodate programme participation. However, evidence of how such programmes impact time use and whether changes in time‐related demands negatively influence maternal or child health and nutrition outcomes is limited. This paper examines the impact of Helen Keller International's Enhanced Homestead Food Production programme in Burkina Faso (2010–2012) on women's and men's time use and associations between changes in women's time use and maternal and child health and nutrition outcomes. We used quantitative data from a cluster‐randomized controlled trial (baseline 2010, endline 2012) and qualitative data from two rounds of process evaluation (2011, 2012). Two‐stage analyses were used to first assess programme impacts on women's and men's time use using difference‐in‐difference impact estimates and second to evaluate whether programme impacts on women's time use were associated with changes in women's and children's health and nutrition outcomes. Programme impacts were considered significant if correctedP< 0.01, and associations were considered significant ifp< 0.05 andp <0.01. Qualitative data were analysed through manual coding and by calculating the means and standard deviations for the time spent by women and men on activities in intervention and control groups. Findings show that the programme significantly increased the amount of time women spent on agriculture in the intervention compared to the control group, but this was not associated with changes in maternal or child health or nutrition outcomes. Process evaluation data supported these findings.
The tip of the iceberg: Genome wide marker analysis reveals hidden hybridization during invasion
Authors: Rosinger Hanna S. , Geraldes Armando , Nurkowski Kristin A. , Battlay Paul , Cousens Roger D. , Rieseberg Loren H. , Hodgins Kathryn A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBiological invasions are accelerating, and invasive species can have large economic impacts as well as severe consequences for biodiversity. During invasions, species can interact, potentially resulting in hybridization. Here, we examined two Cakile species, C. edentula and C. maritima (Brassicaceae), that co‐occur and may hybridize during range expansion in separate regions of the globe. Cakile edentula invaded each location first, while C. maritima established later, apparently replacing the former. We assessed the evidence for hybridization in western North America and Australia, where both species have been introduced, and identified source populations with 4561 SNPs using Genotype‐by‐Sequencing. Our results indicate that C. edentula in Australia originated from one region of eastern North America while in western North America it is probably from multiple sources. Cakile maritima in Australia is derived from at least two different parts of Europe while the introduction in western North America is from one. Although morphological evidence of hybridization is generally limited to mixed species populations in Australia and virtually absent elsewhere, our genetic analysis revealed relatively high levels of hybridization in Australia (58% hybrids using Admixture) and supported the presence of hybrids in western North America (16% hybrids using Admixture) and New Zealand. Hybrids might be commonly overlooked in invaders, as identification based solely on morphological traits may represent only the tip of the iceberg. Our study reveals a repeated pattern of invasion, hybridization and apparent replacement of one species by another, which offers an opportunity to investigate the role of hybridization and introgression during invasion.
Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility among clinical isolates of dermatophytes in Shiraz, Iran (2017‐2019)
Authors: Zareshahrabadi Zahra , Totonchi Alireza , Rezaei‐Matehkolaei Ali , Ilkit Macit , Ghahartars Mehdi , Arastehfar Amir , Motamedi Marjan , Nouraei Hasti , Sharifi Lari Milad , Mohammadi Tooba , Zomorodian Kamiar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDermatophytosis is a common superficial mycotic infection affecting individual's quality of life worldwide. The present study aimed to perform species‐level identification and evaluate the antifungal susceptibility patterns of dermatophytes isolated in Shiraz, Iran. This cross‐sectional study was conducted on clinical samples collected during 2017‐2019 from 307 patients suspected of having dermatophytosis. The isolates were identified by direct microscopy, culture and internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA sequencing, and their antifungal susceptibility patterns were determined by the microdilution method. Among 307 patients, dermatophytosis was diagnosed by microscopy in 190 (61.8%) subjects and confirmed in 130 (42.3%) cases by both microscopy and culture. It was found out tinea pedis was the most common clinical manifestation, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most prevalent species (28.4%), followed by T tonsurans (23.8%), Microsporum canis (11.5%), T interdigitale (10%), T verrucosum (6.9%), T rubrum (6.9%), T benhamiae (4.6%), T violaceum (3%), T simii (3%), Epidermophyton floccosum (0.7%) and M ferrugineum (0.7%). Moreover, it was revealed that luliconazole with a geometric mean (GM) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.03 μg ml‐1 was the most effective agent against all tested isolates. Regardless of species, 30% of isolates responded to high MICs of griseofulvin (MIC90 > 2 μg ml‐1). The increasing prevalence of nonindigenous species of T simii, T benhamiae and M ferrugineum in Shiraz, Iran, was a notable finding. In addition, infections due to zoophilic species showed an increasing trend. These epidemiological data, along with antifungal susceptibility patterns, may have implications for clinical decision‐making and successful treatment.
Nicotiflorin attenuates cell apoptosis in renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury through activating transcription factor 3
Authors: Wang Lin , Li Chenyu , Guan Chen , Zhang Yue , Yang Chengyu , Zhao Long , Luan Hong , Zhou Bin , Che Lin , Wang Yanfei , Zhang Wei , Zhang Hui , Man Xiaofei , Jiang Wei , Xu Yan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionNicotiflorin is the main characteristic component of Nymphaea candida, which is a natural product that reportedly ameliorates acute injury of the liver and cerebral cortex, but the effect of nicotiflorin on acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of nicotiflorin on ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) AKI and the associated mechanisms.MethodsWe performed both (a) in vivo experiments with C57BL/6 mice with bilateral renal pedicles clamped for 45 minutes and (b) in vitro experiments with human kidney epithelial cells (HK‐2) exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation to mimic I/R injury to study the role of nicotiflorin in AKI.ResultsIn vivo, nicotiflorin administration exerted protective effects on renal injury, as demonstrated by reductions in the levels of caspase3 and Bad (P < .05), the upregulation of Bcl‐2 expression (P < .05) and improved renal histologic changes, which suggested that nicotiflorin can alleviate I/R injury and cell apoptosis. In vitro, nicotiflorin at a concentration of 75 μg/mL protected cells from hypoxia, which further confirmed that nicotiflorin exerts beneficial effects on hypoxia/reoxygenation. Through computational molecular docking, we found that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) exhibits a robust interaction with nicotiflorin with a simulated binding energy of −9.2°. We verified the interaction of nicotiflorin with ATF3 in HK‐2 cells, and found that nicotiflorin reduced the apoptosis of HK‐2 through ATF3.ConclusionBased on the above‐described results, nicotiflorin appears to have a beneficial impact on deteriorated renal function, as demonstrated using an experimental I/R model. The underlying mechanisms of nicotiflorin might inhibit HK‐2 cell apoptosis through ATF3.
Overlap of functional heartburn and reflux hypersensitivity with proven gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Rengarajan Arvind , Pomarat Margaux , Zerbib Frank , Gyawali C. Prakash 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundWhen esophageal acid exposure time (AET) is physiologic, ROME IV stratifies functional esophageal disorders into functional heartburn (FH, with negative reflux‐symptom association) and reflux hypersensitivity (RH, with positive reflux‐symptom association), and hypothesizes that FH/RH could overlap with proven gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We compared conventional FH/RH diagnosed off antisecretory therapy with overlap FH/RH coexisting with proven GERD.MethodsAdult patients with heartburn underwent pH‐impedance testing on therapy (proven GERD) and off therapy (unproven GERD) and completed validated questionnaires defining symptoms (Reflux Diagnostic Questionnaire, RDQ), affective state (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS; Visceral Sensitivity Index, VSI), and functional diagnoses (irritable bowel syndrome, IBS; functional dyspepsia, FD on ROME diagnostic questionnaire). AET (pathologic: >6%, physiologic <4%) and mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) were calculated. Clinical, psychological, and functional profiles were compared between FH and RH and to a comparison cohort of non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD, AET > 6%).Key ResultsStudy patients included 19 with RH (10 with overlap RH), 60 with FH (31 with overlap FH), and 26 patients with NERD. Clinical, psychological, and functional profiles of conventional FH/RH were similar to overlap FH/RH. Compared with NERD, combined FH and RH cohorts had higher anxiety scores, and lower proportions with IBS. Compared with FH with low MNBI, FH defined using both normal AET and normal MNBI had higher depression scores (p = 0.008), and trended toward higher anxiety scores (p = 0.059).Conclusions and InferencesConventional and overlap FH and RH have similar clinical, psychological and functional profiles, thereby proving ROME IV hypotheses.
Pediatric teledermatology: A review of the literature
Authors: Cartron Alexander M. , Aldana Paola C. , Khachemoune Amor 
Published: December 2020

AbstractSkin complaints are common among pediatric patients, yet as of 2020, fewer than 400 board‐certified pediatric dermatologists currently practice in the United States. Pediatric teledermatology may address barriers to dermatologic care in children, assisting with distant geographic locations and long wait times. A review of the literature was conducted to synthesize important features of teledermatology for pediatric dermatologists. We summarize types of telemedicine platforms, common dermatologic conditions seen by pediatric teledermatologists, diagnostic accuracy and concordance, and guidelines from the American Academy of Dermatology and the American Telemedicine Association regarding teledermatology. This report highlights the utility of pediatric telemedicine in both the outpatient and inpatient dermatology setting to increase access to high‐quality dermatologic care.
Shadows and shields: Stars limit their collaborators’ exposure to attributions of both credit and blame
Authors: Kehoe Rebecca R. , Bentley F. Scott 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBuilding on the notion of cumulative advantage, we undertake a nuanced examination of how collaborating with a star affects attributions of credit and blame to nonstars in collaborative endeavors. Situating our inquiry in the US hedge fund industry, we hypothesize two‐way interactions predicting that collaboration with a star comanager will weaken both the positive effect of comanaged fund success and the negative effect of comanaged fund failure on nonstar managers’ professional status attainment (i.e., the status of a manager's subsequent employing firm). Specifically, we argue that the involvement of a star comanager will weaken prospective employers’ attributions for positive or negative performance to a focal nonstar manager, due to presumptions of the star's disproportionate influence in collaborative decisions. We then theorize a series of three‐way interactions specifying the roles of other signals of a nonstar manager's competence in this process. More precisely, we argue that a nonstar's performance outside the collaborative context and the status of the nonstar's current employer will weaken the dampening effect of comanaging with a star in the context of success and strengthen the favorable, blame‐reducing effect of comanaging with a star in the context of failure. Therefore, we suggest that nonstars who can signal their competence with these independent status signals will achieve greater professional status attainment than will those lacking such signals following both collaborative success and collaborative failure with a star. Our primary analyses support our hypotheses, while our supplementary analyses offer corroborative support for theorized mechanisms and evidence to address alternative explanations.
The role of trait anxiety in attention and memory‐related biases to threat: An event‐related potential study
Authors: Berggren Nick , Eimer Martin 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThreat‐related information strongly competes for attentional selection, and can subsequently be more strongly represented within visual working memory. This is particularly the case for individuals reporting high trait anxious personality. The present study examined the role of anxiety in both attention and memory‐related interactions with threat. We employed a hybrid working memory/visual search task, with participants preselected for low and high anxious personality traits. They selected and memorized an emotional face (angry or happy) appearing together with a neutral face in encode displays. Following a delay period, they matched the identity of the memorized face to a probe display item. Event‐related markers of attentional selection (N2pc components) and memory maintenance during the delay period (i.e., CDA) were measured. Selection biases toward angry faces were observed within both encode and probe displays, evidenced by earlier and larger N2pcs. A similar threat‐related bias was also found during working memory maintenance, with larger CDA components when angry faces were stored. High anxious individuals showed large selection biases for angry faces at encoding. For low anxious individuals, this bias was smaller but still significant. In contrast, only high anxious individuals showed larger CDA components for angry faces. These results suggest that threat biases in attentional selection are modulated by trait anxiety, and that threat biases within working memory may only be present for high anxious individuals. These findings highlight the key role of individual differences in trait anxiety on threat‐related biases in visual processing, especially at the level of working memory maintenance.
The impact of minimum wages on wages, wage spillovers, and employment in China: Evidence from longitudinal individual‐level data
Authors: Fang Tony , Gunderson Morley , Lin Carl 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWe utilize the substantial variation in both the magnitude and frequency of minimum wage changes that have occurred in China since its new minimum wage regulations in 2004 to estimate their impact on wages, wage spillovers, and employment. We use county‐level minimum wage data merged with individual‐level longitudinal data from the Urban Household Survey for the period 2004–2009, spanning the period after the new minimum wage regulations were put in place. Our results indicate that minimum wage increases raise the wages of otherwise‐low‐wage workers by a little less than half (41%) of the minimum wage increases. Depending on the specification, these wage effects also lead to a 2–4 percentage point reduction in the probability of being employed, with a 2.8 percentage point reduction being our preferred estimate. We also find statistically significant but very small wage spillovers for those whose wages are just above the new minimum wage, but they are effectively zero for those higher up in the wage distribution.