bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nodal histiocytic disorder in children: report of three cases and review of literature
Authors: Ainer Indumathi , Gendeh Hardip Singh , Husain Salina Binti , Mohd Nor Khadijah 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Histiocytic system consists of phagocytes and dendritic cells. Both are found in lymph nodes. Usually, this disorder presents with painless cervical lymph node enlargement hence frequently mistaken for lymphoma or tuberculosis.

Case presentation
Here, we report three pediatric cases: one of Langerhans cell histiocytosis and two of sinus histiocytosis and massive lymphadenopathy with neck mass as initial presentation. The final diagnosis was made with fine needle aspiration cytology, biopsy, and ancillary tests.

Conclusion
Biopsy and immunohistochemistry studies are recommended for determining subtypes of histiocytosis and further management of patient.
Effects of Obesity and Insulin on Tissue-Specific Recycling Between Cortisol and Cortisone in Men
Authors: Anderson Anna J , Andrew Ruth , Homer Natalie Z M , Hughes Katherine A , Boyle Luke D , Nixon Mark , Karpe Fredrik , Stimson Roland H , Walker Brian R 
Published: December 2020

AbstractContext11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11βHSD1) reduces inert cortisone into active cortisol but also catalyzes reverse dehydrogenase activity. Drivers of cortisol/cortisone equilibrium are unclear. With obesity, 11βHSD1 transcripts are more abundant in adipose, but the consequences for oxidation vs reduction remain unknown.ObjectiveThis work aimed to determine whether 11βHSD1 equilibrium in metabolic tissues is regulated by insulin and obesity.MethodsA 2-phase, randomized, crossover, single-blinded study in a clinical research facility was conducted of 10 lean and obese healthy men. 11β-Reductase and 11β-dehydrogenase activities were measured during infusion of 9,11,12,12-[2H]4-cortisol and 1,2-[2H]2-cortisone, respectively, on 2 occasions: once during saline infusion and once during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Arterialized and venous samples were obtained across forearm skeletal muscle and abdominal subcutaneous adipose. Steroids were quantified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and adipose tissue transcripts by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsNeither whole-body nor tissue-specific rates of production of cortisol or cortisone differed between lean and obese men, however insulin attenuated the diurnal decrease. Whole-body 11β-HSD1 reductase activity tended to be higher in obesity (~ 10%) and was further increased by insulin. Across adipose tissue, 11β-reductase activity was detected in obese individuals only and increased in the presence of insulin (18.99 ± 9.62 vs placebo 11.68 ± 3.63 pmol/100 g/minute; P &lt; .05). Across skeletal muscle, 11β-dehydrogenase activity was reduced by insulin in lean men only (2.55 ± 0.90 vs 4.50 ± 1.42 pmol/100 g/minute, P &lt; .05).ConclusionsRegeneration of cortisol is upregulated by insulin in adipose tissue but not skeletal muscle. In obesity, the equilibrium between 11β-reductase and 11β-dehydrogenase activities likely promotes cortisol accumulation in adipose, which may lead to adverse metabolic consequences.
Towards understanding the origin of animal development
Authors: Ruiz-Trillo Iñaki , de Mendoza Alex 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
Almost all animals undergo embryonic development, going from a single-celled zygote to a complex multicellular adult. We know that the patterning and morphogenetic processes involved in development are deeply conserved within the animal kingdom. However, the origins of these developmental processes are just beginning to be unveiled. Here, we focus on how the protist lineages sister to animals are reshaping our view of animal development. Most intriguingly, many of these protistan lineages display transient multicellular structures, which are governed by similar morphogenetic and gene regulatory processes as animal development. We discuss here two potential alternative scenarios to explain the origin of animal embryonic development: either it originated concomitantly at the onset of animals or it evolved from morphogenetic processes already present in their unicellular ancestors. We propose that an integrative study of several unicellular taxa closely related to animals will allow a more refined picture of how the last common ancestor of animals underwent embryonic development.
Recent insights into the regulatory networks of NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Weber Alexander N. R. , Bittner Zsófia A. , Shankar Sangeetha , Liu Xiao , Chang Tzu-Hsuan , Jin Tengchuan , Tapia-Abellán Ana 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT
The NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a fascinating cellular machinery endowed with the capacity for rapid proteolytic processing of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and the cell death effector gasdermin D (GSDMD). Although its activity is essential to fight infection and support tissue homeostasis, the inflammasome complex, which consists of the danger sensor NLRP3, the adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC; also known as PYCARD), caspase-1 and probably other regulatory proteins, also bears considerable potential for detrimental inflammation, as observed in human conditions such as gout, heart attack, stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Thus, multi-layered regulatory networks are required to ensure the fine balance between rapid responsiveness versus erroneous activation (sufficient and temporally restricted versus excessive and chronic activity) of the inflammasome. These involve multiple activation, secretion and cell death pathways, as well as modulation of the subcellular localization of NLRP3, and its structure and activity, owing to post-translational modification by other cellular proteins. Here, we discuss the exciting progress that has recently been made in deciphering the regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Additionally, we highlight open questions and describe areas of research that warrant further exploration to obtain a more comprehensive molecular and cellular understanding of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
The Change in Core Temperature and Sweating Response during Exercise Are Unaffected by Time of Day within the Wake Period
Authors: RAVANELLI NICHOLAS , JAY OLLIE 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Exercise thermoregulation studies typically control for time of day. The present study assessed whether circadian rhythm independently alters time-dependent changes in core temperature and sweating during exercise at a fixed rate of metabolic heat production (H
prod) during the wake period.

Methods
Ten men (26 ± 2 yr, 76.6 ± 6.3 kg, 1.95 ± 0.10 m2) cycled for 60 min in three combinations of ambient temperature and H
prod (23°C–7.5 W·kg−1, 33°C–5.5 W·kg−1, and 33°C–7.5 W·kg−1) at two times of day (a.m.: 0800 h, p.m.: 1600 h). Rectal temperature (T
re), local sweat rate, and whole-body sweat losses were measured.

Results
Absolute T
re was lower at baseline in a.m. versus p.m. for all three conditions (a.m.: 36.8°C ± 0.2°C, p.m.: 37.0°C ± 0.2°C, P < 0.01). The ΔT
re was not altered by time of day (P > 0.22) and not different at 60 min between a.m. and p.m. for 23°C–7.5 W·kg−1 (a.m.: 0.83°C ± 0.14°C, p.m.: 0.75°C ± 0.20°C; P = 0.20), 33°C–5.5 W·kg−1 (a.m.: 0.51°C ± 0.14°C, p.m.: 0.47°C ± 0.14°C; P = 0.22), and 33°C–7.5 W·kg−1 (a.m.: 0.77°C ± 0.20°C, p.m.: 0.73°C ± 0.21°C; P = 0.80). The change in local sweat rate was unaffected by time of day (P > 0.16) and not different at 60 min in 23°C–7.5 W·kg−1 (a.m.: 0.67 ± 0.20 mg·cm−2·min−1, p.m.: 0.62 ± 0.21 mg·cm−2·min−1; P = 0.55), 33°C–5.5 W·kg−1 (a.m.: 0.59 ± 0.13 mg·cm−2·min−1, p.m.: 0.57 ± 0.12 mg·cm−2·min−1; P = 0.65), and 33°C–7.5 W·kg−1 (a.m.: 0.91 ± 0.19 mg·cm−2·min−1, p.m.: 0.84 ± 0.15 mg·cm−2·min−1; P = 0.33). Whole-body sweat loss was not different between a.m. and p.m. for 23°C–7.5 W·kg−1 (a.m.: 579 ± 72 g, p.m.: 579 ± 96 g; P = 0.99), 33°C–5.5 W·kg−1 (a.m.: 558 ± 48 g, p.m.: 555 ± 83 g; P = 0.89), and 33°C–7.5 W·kg−1 (a.m.: 796 ± 72 g, p.m.: 783 ± 75 g; P = 0.31).

Conclusions
The change in core temperature and sweating throughout a 60-min exercise bout in 23°C and 33°C were unaffected by circadian rhythm during the wake period when exercise intensity was prescribed to elicit comparable rates of H
prod, suggesting that scheduling thermoregulatory exercise trials for the same time of day is unnecessary.
How to distance yourself from social media problems
Authors: Collier Andrew 
Published: December 2020

This year certainly highlighted the benefits of social media for staying in touch with friends and family. But what are the risks? Here, Andrew Collier provides guidance for the dental nurse when posting photos online Aim To consider the personal and professional implications and potential pitfalls in the use of social media Objectives Enhance the understanding of professional behaviour and obligations both inside and outside of the dental surgery, including the use of social media Consider possible patient perception of unprofessional behaviour Review GDC guidance regarding social media use GDC development outcome D
High-fidelity image reconstruction for compressed ultrafast photography via an augmented-Lagrangian and deep-learning hybrid algorithm
Authors: Yang Chengshuai , Yao Yunhua , Jin Chengzhi , Qi Dalong , Cao Fengyan , He Yilin , Yao Jiali , Ding Pengpeng , Gao Liang , Jia Tianqing , Liang Jinyang , Sun Zhenrong , Zhang Shian 
Published: December 2020

Compressed ultrafast photography (CUP) is the fastest single-shot passive ultrafast optical imaging technique, which has shown to be a powerful tool in recording self-luminous or non-repeatable ultrafast phenomena. However, the low fidelity of image reconstruction based on the conventional augmented-Lagrangian (AL) and two-step iterative shrinkage/thresholding (TwIST) algorithms greatly prevents practical applications of CUP, especially for those ultrafast phenomena that need high spatial resolution. Here, we develop a novel AL and deep-learning (DL) hybrid (i.e.,

AL
+
DL

) algorithm to realize high-fidelity image reconstruction for CUP. The

AL
+
DL

algorithm not only optimizes the sparse domain and relevant iteration parameters via learning the dataset but also simplifies the mathematical architecture, so it greatly improves the image reconstruction accuracy. Our theoretical simulation and experimental results validate the superior performance of the

AL
+
DL

algorithm in image fidelity over conventional AL and TwIST algorithms, where the peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity index can be increased at least by 4 dB (9 dB) and 0.1 (0.05) for a complex (simple) dynamic scene, respectively. This study can promote the applications of CUP in related fields, and it will also enable a new strategy for recovering high-dimensional signals from low-dimensional detection.
Self-assessment of unilateral and bimodal cochlear implant experiences in daily life
Authors: Devocht Elke M. J. , Janssen A. Miranda L. , Chalupper Josef , Stokroos Robert J. , Kingma Herman , George Erwin L. J. 
Published: December 2020

Objective
The subjective experiences were assessed of cochlear implant (CI) users either wearing or not wearing a hearing aid (HA) at the contralateral ear.

Design
Unilateral CI-recipients were asked to fill out a set of daily-life questionnaires on bimodal HA use, hearing disability, hearing handicap and general quality of life.

Study sample
Twenty-six CI-recipients who regularly use a contralateral HA (bimodal group) and twenty-two CI-recipients who do not use a HA in the contralateral ear (unilateral group).

Results
Comparisons between both groups (bimodal versus unilateral) showed no difference in self-rated disability, hearing handicap or general quality of life. However within the group of bimodal listeners, participants did report a benefit of bimodal hearing ability in various daily life listening situations.

Conclusions
Bimodal benefit in daily life can consistently be experienced and reported within the group of bimodal users.
Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among health care workers in a country with low burden of COVID-19
Authors: Psichogiou Mina , Karabinis Andreas , Pavlopoulou Ioanna D. , Basoulis Dimitrios , Petsios Konstantinos , Roussos Sotirios , Pratikaki Maria , Jahaj Edison , Protopapas Konstantinos , Leontis Konstantinos , Rapti Vasiliki , Kotanidou Anastasia , Antoniadou Anastasia , Poulakou Garyphallia , Paraskevis Dimitrios , Sypsa Vana , Hatzakis Angelos 
Published: December 2020

IntroductionGreece is a country with limited spread of SARS-CoV-2 and cumulative infection attack rate of 0.12% (95% CI 0.06–0.26). Health care workers (HCWs) are a well-recognized risk group for COVID-19. The study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in a nosocomial setting and assess potential risk factors.MethodsHCWs from two hospitals participated in the study. Hospital-1 was a tertiary university affiliated center, involved in the care of COVID-19 patients while hospital-2 was a tertiary specialized cardiac surgery center not involved in the care of these patients. A validated, CE, rapid, IgM/IgG antibody point-of-care test was used. Comparative performance with a reference globally available assay was assessed.Results1,495 individuals consented to participate (response rate 77%). The anti-SARS-CoV-2 weighted prevalence was 1.26% (95% CI 0.43, 3.26) overall and 0.53% (95% CI 0.06, 2.78) and 2.70% (95% CI 0.57, 9.19) in hospital-1 and hospital-2, respectively although the study was underpowered to detect statistically significant differences. The overall, hospital-1, and hospital-2 seroprevalence was 10, 4 and 22 times higher than the estimated infection attack rate in general population, respectively. Suboptimal use of personal protective equipment was noted in both hospitals.ConclusionsThese data have implications for the preparedness of a second wave of COVID-19 epidemic, given the low burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection rate, in concordance with national projections.
A rapid review of home-based activities that can promote mental wellness during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Puyat Joseph H. , Ahmad Haroon , Avina-Galindo Ana Michelle , Kazanjian Arminee , Gupta Aanchel , Ellis Ursula , Ashe Maureen C. , Vila-Rodriguez Fidel , Halli Priyanka , Salmon Amy , Vigo Daniel , Almeida Alberto , De Bono Christopher E. 
Published: December 2020

Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health measures such as isolation, quarantine, and social distancing are needed. Some of these measures can adversely affect mental health. Activities that can be performed at home may mitigate these consequences and improve overall mental well-being. In this study, home-based activities that have potential beneficial effects on mental health were examined.

Methods
A rapid review was conducted based on a search of the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PyscINFO, Global Health, epistemonikos.org, covid19reviews.org, and eppi.ioe.ac.uk/covid19_map_v13.html. Eligible studies include randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies published between 1/1/2000 and 28/05/2020 and that examined the impact of various activities on mental health outcomes in low-resource settings and contexts that lead to social isolation. Studies of activities that require mental health professionals or that could not be done at home were excluded. Two review authors performed title/abstract screening. At the full-text review stage, 25% of the potentially eligible studies were reviewed in full by two review authors; the rest were reviewed by one review author. Risk of bias assessment and data extraction were performed by one review author and checked by a second review author. The main outcome assessed was change or differences in mental health as expressed in Cohen’s d; analysis was conducted following the synthesis without meta-analysis guidelines (SWiM). PROSPERO registration: CRD42020186082.

Results
Of 1,236 unique records identified, 160 were reviewed in full, resulting in 16 included studies. The included studies reported on the beneficial effects of exercise, yoga, progressive muscle relaxation, and listening to relaxing music. One study reported on the association between solitary religious activities and post traumatic stress disorder symptoms. While most of the included studies examined activities in group settings, particularly among individuals in prisons, the activities were described as something that can be performed at home and alone. All included studies were assessed to be at risk of bias in one or more of the bias domains examined.

Conclusions
There is some evidence that certain home-based activities can promote mental wellness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Guidelines are needed to help optimize benefits while minimizing potential risks when performing these activities.
Development of a fasting blood glucose-based strategy to diagnose women with gestational diabetes mellitus at increased risk of adverse outcomes in a COVID-19 environment
Authors: d’Emden Michael , McLeod Donald , Ungerer Jacobus , Appleton Charles , Kanowski David 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of fasting blood glucose (FBG) to minimise the use of the oral glucose tolerance test in pregnancy (POGTT) for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Research design and methodsWe analysed the POGTTs of 26,242 pregnant women in Queensland, Australia, performed between 1 January 2015 and 30 June 2015. A receiver operator characteristics (ROC) assessment was undertaken to indicate the FBG level that most effectively identified women at low risk of an abnormal result.ResultsThere were 3,946 (15.0%) patients having GDM with 2,262 (8.6%) having FBG ≥ 5.1mmol/l. The ROC identified FBG levels >4.6mmol/l having the best specificity (77%) and sensitivity (54%) for elevated 1 and/or 2hr BGLs. There were 19,321 (73.7%) women having FBG < 4.7mmol/l with a prevalence of GDM of 4.0%, less than 1/3rdthe overall rate. Only 4,638 (17.7%) women having FBGs from 4.7–5.0mmol/l would require further evaluation to confirm or exclude the diagnosis.ConclusionThis contemporary study of women across the state of Queensland, Australia suggests the FBG can be used effectively to define glucose tolerance in pregnancy, minimising their contact with pathology laboratories and potential exposure to the corona virus. This analysis, used in conjunction with outcome data from the HAPO study, provides reassurance to women and their health professionals that FBG < 4.7mmol/l has both a low rate of abnormal glucose tolerance and minimal adverse pregnancy-associated complications.
Twice-daily versus once-daily lisinopril and losartan for hypertension: Real-world effectiveness and safety
Authors: Derington Catherine G. , King Jordan B. , Delate Thomas , Botts Sheila R. , Kroehl Miranda , Kao David P. , Trinkley Katy E. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Lisinopril and losartan manufacturer labels recommend twice-daily dosing (BID) if once-daily (QDay) is insufficient to lower blood pressure (BP).

Methods and results
Retrospective cohort study of patients taking QDay lisinopril and losartan who experienced a dose-doubling (index date). A text-processing tool categorized BID and QDay groups at the index date based on administration instructions. We excluded: pregnant/hospice, regimens other than BID/QDay, and without BP measurements -6 months/+12 months of the index date. The most proximal BP measurements -6 months and +2 weeks to 12 months of the index date were used to evaluate BP differences. Propensity scores were generated, and differences in BP and adverse events (angioedema, acute kidney injury, hyperkalemia) between BID/QDay groups were analyzed within dosing cohorts using inverse propensity of treatment-weighted regression models. Of 11,210 and 6,051 patients who met all criteria for lisinopril and losartan, 784 (7.0%) and 453 (7.5%) were taking BID, respectively. BID patients were older and had higher comorbidity and medication burdens. There were no differences in systolic/diastolic BP between BID and QDay, with absolute differences in mean systolic BP ranging from -1.8 to 0.7 mmHg and diastolic BP ranging from -1.1 to 0.1 mmHg (all 95% confidence intervals [CI] cross 0). Lisinopril 10mg BID was associated with an increased odds of angioedema compared to lisinopril 20mg QDay (odds ratio 2.27, 95%CI 1.13–4.58).

Conclusions
Adjusted models do not support improved effectiveness or safety of BID lisinopril and losartan.
The lower COVID-19 related mortality and incidence rates in Eastern European countries are associated with delayed start of community circulation
Authors: Ylli Alban , Wu Yan Yan , Burazeri Genc , Pirkle Catherine , Sentell Tetine 
Published: December 2020

Background
The purpose of this analysis was to assess the variations in COVID-19 related mortality in relation to the time differences in the commencement of virus circulation and containment measures in the European Region.

Methods
The data for the current analysis (N = 50 countries) were retrieved from the John Hopkins University dataset on the 7th of May 2020, with countries as study units. A piecewise regression analysis was conducted with mortality and cumulative incidence rates introduced as dependent variables and time interval (days from the 22nd of January to the date when 100 first cases were reported) as the main predictor. The country average life expectancy at birth and outpatient contacts per person per year were statistically adjusted for in the regression model.

Results
Mortality and incidence were strongly and inversely intercorrelated with days from January 22, respectively -0.83 (p<0.001) and -0.73 (p<0.001).
Adjusting for average life expectancy and outpatients contacts per person per year, between days 33 to 50 from the 22nd of the January, the average mortality rate decreased by 30.1/million per day (95% CI: 22.7, 37.6, p<0.001). During interval 51 to 73 days, the change in mortality was no longer statistically significant but still showed a decreasing trend. A similar relationship with time interval was found for incidence. Life expectancy and outpatients contacts per person per year were not associated with mortality rate.

Conclusion
Countries in Europe that had the earliest COVID-19 circulation suffered the worst consequences in terms of health outcomes, specifically mortality. The drastic social isolation measures, quickly undertaken in response to those initial outbreaks appear effective, especially in Eastern European countries, where community circulation started after March 11th. The study demonstrates that efforts to delay the early spread of the virus may have saved an average 30 deaths daily per one million inhabitants.