bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Narratives of reform: the Mental Health Act (MHA) in England and Wales from the 1983 MHA to the Wessley Review (2018)
Authors: Cummins Ian 
Published: August 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to examine reform of mental health legislation in England and Wales. It covers the period from the introduction of the 1983 MHA to the proposed reforms outlined in the Wessley Review that was published in December 2018.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a literature-based project.

Findings
Reform of the mental health legislation reflects two potentially conflicting strands. One is the state’s power to incarcerate the “mad”, and the other is the move to protect the civil rights of those who are subject to such legislation. The failures to development adequately funded community-based mental health services and a series of inquiries in the 1990s led to the introduction of Community Treatment Orders in the 2007 reform of the MHA.

Research limitations/implications
The development of mental health policy has seen a shift towards more coercive approaches in mental health.

Practical implications
The successful reform of the MHA can only be accomplished alongside investment in community mental health services.

Originality/value
The paper highlights the tensions between the factors that contribute to mental health legislation reform.
How do the financial and oil sanctions affect the Iran's economy: a DSGE framework
Authors: Nakhli Seyyed Reza , Rafat Monireh , Bakhshi Dastjerdi Rasul , Rafei Meysam 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThe purpose of the current paper is to analyze the simultaneous effects of oil sanctions and financial sanctions on Iran's macroeconomic variables in a small open economy in the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) framework.Design/methodology/approachA DSGE model with the new Keynesian approach has been designed for the above mentioned purpose giving consideration to households, production, trade, oil, government and central bank sectors. All of the parameters were calibrated by using geometric means of macroeconomic variables in 2004–2017 as the steady-state values of the variables in the static model.FindingsAmplifying the intensity of the oil sanctions reduces oil production due to decreasing investment, technology and export of oil and reduces the central bank's foreign reserves ratio to the money base that leads to an increasing exchange rate. Furthermore, oil sanctions decrease the government revenues due to a decrease in oil export and by the government imposing an expansionary fiscal policy in the form of increasing current expenditure and preserving construction expenditure to prevent deepening the recession, which causes budget deficit and then the issue of more bonds with a higher nominal interest rate. On the other hand, financial sanctions raise transaction costs and marginal costs in the trade sectors that lead to inflation and a decrease in nonoil export and various kinds of imports. Due to inflation and uncertainty, consumption of a household increases and investment expenditure of a household decreases.Originality/valueTo the best of the author's knowledge, few studies in the world have analyzed the economic effect of the sanctions in the framework of DSGE models. There is no study in Iran to date which investigates the effects of the sanctions in the form of a DSGE model. So, this paper is the first study in Iran and one of the few studies in the world using a DSGE model for analyzing the effects of sanctions. Imposing three kinds of oil sanctions in addition to a financial sanction is another innovation of the current paper.
Entrepreneurial families in business across generations, contexts and cultures
Authors: James Albert , Hadjielias Elias , Guerrero Maribel , Discua Cruz Allan , Basco Rodrigo 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis article is the editorial for the special issue on “Entrepreneurial Families in Business Across Generations, Contexts and Cultures”. We aim to develop a road map that can help academics and practitioners navigate the findings of the articles contained in this special issue. We also suggest future lines of research around the topic of entrepreneurial families in business.Design/methodology/approachWe develop a conceptual model for interpreting and understanding entrepreneurial families in business across contexts and time.FindingsOur conceptual model highlights the importance of context and time when conducting research on entrepreneurial families in business.Practical implicationsThe findings in this special issue will be of relevance for decision makers who tailor policies that embrace different economic and social actors, including entrepreneurial families.Originality/valueThis editorial and the articles that make up this special issue contribute to family business research by contextualising the phenomenon of entrepreneurial families in business. We propose a new holistic perspective to incorporate context and time in the study of entrepreneurial families that own, govern and manage family firms over time.
Beyond panic buying: consumption displacement and COVID-19
Authors: Hall Michael C. , Prayag Girish , Fieger Peter , Dyason David 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis study evaluates consumption displacement, the shift in consumption that occurs when consumers experience a change in the availability of goods, services and amenities to which they are accustomed as the result of an external event, and which is characterised by the points in space and time where consumption occurs and by the movements to, from, and between those points, that is occurring as a result of the effects of COVID-19 on the services sector in the Canterbury region of New Zealand.Design/methodology/approachBased on consumer spending data, the authors identify patterns of consumption displacement for the hospitality and retail sectors as defined by ANZSIC. We answer where, when, how, what and why consumption displacement happens.FindingsThe findings provide evidence of spatial and temporal displacement of consumption based on consumer spending patterns. Evidence of increased spending in some consumption categories confirms stockpiling behaviours. The hospitality sector experiences a sharp decline in consumer spending over lockdown.Originality/valueGiven the lack of studies analysing the impacts of crises and disasters on the services sector and consumption displacement, this study provides evidence of different forms of consumption displacement related to COVID-19.
Enhancement of PMS activation in an UV/ozone process for cyanide degradation: a comprehensive study
Authors: Goodarzvand Chegini Zahra , Hassani Hessam , Torabian Ali , Borghei Seyed Mehdi 
Published: July 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to study peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation in the ultraviolet (UV)/ozone process for toxic cyanide degradation from aqueous solution by a novel and simple method.

Design/methodology/approach
Photocatalytic degradation of cyanide (CN-) was carried out using a bench-scale photoreactor. Optimization of the UV/ozone process for the highest removal of cyanide was obtained. The effect of parameters such as ozone concentration, PMS concentration, temperature, cations (Cu2+, Co2+ and Fe2+), cyanide concentration, anions (bicarbonate, carbonate, chloride, nitrite, nitrate and sulfate [SO42−]) and scavengers (ethanol [EtOH], humic acid, TBA and NaN3) was investigated for CN- degradation.

Findings
Complete removal of 50 mg/L cyanide was obtained in 4 min in an ozone/UV/PMS process. The cyanide removal increased from 49.3% to 100% by adding the persulfate dosage up to 100 mg/L. The effect of various cations (II) on the cyanide degradation was enhanced in the order Cu2+ > Co2+ > Fe2+. Hydroxyl radical based on different radical quenchers such as salicylic acid proved as the main oxidizing radical for oxidation. The application of ozone/UV/PMS to treat wastewater containing cyanide shows high degradation efficiency.

Research limitations/implications
The ozone/UV/PMS system could be a process for degradation and detoxification of cyanide.

Practical implications
This study provided a simple and effective method for degradation of cyanide from aqueous solution. This method was applicable to protect environment from a huge amount of toxic cyanide wastewater produced by different industrial processes.

Originality/value
The PMS activation is done via a simple and effective method, which is carried out with the ozone/UV system. There are two main innovations. One is that the novel catalytic role of bimetallic ions in the ozone reaction with cyanide and the further decomposition of intermediate products is investigated. The other is that the optimized conditions were obtained for the removal of cyanide as a water contaminant. Furthermore, predominant oxidizing species by PMS activation are identified.
Estimating marine protected area network benefits for reef sharks
Authors: Martín Gerardo , Espinoza Mario , Heupel Michelle , Simpfendorfer Colin A. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Animal movement has direct applications in spatial management and conservation planning, yet it is rarely taken into account for the design of natural protected areas. For instance, reef shark species are thought to benefit from marine protected area networks, even though their movement behaviour remains poorly characterized. Poor understanding of species' movements implies that the benefits of MPA networks for species' populations are still widely unknown.

To understand the consequences of movement behaviour for protection, we modelled movements of three reef shark species' (Carcharhinus albimarginatus, C. amblyrhynchos and C. leucas) with distinct levels of reef association using real passive‐acoustic telemetry data. The model simulates if individuals are protected or unprotected by their movements in a system of reef patches in a network of MPAs. Model parameters that control individuals' movements were estimated from acoustic telemetry data. To estimate benefits for species we monitored longevity and time spent in protected habitats across all scenarios of reef protection, fishing intensity (11 values for each) and protection of high or low suitability reefs (a reef‐dependent factor that attracts sharks to reside in it) for populations of 1,000 individuals per species.

The time individuals spent in protected reefs increased linearly with protection until it levelled off after 50%–80% of reefs protected (78% C. amblyrhynchos, 72% C. albimarginatus and 52% C. leucas, at 100% protection). Individuals' life span decreased exponentially with fishing intensity. Reef protection only mildly counteracted life span lost to fishing. Protecting highly suitable reefs increased time spent in protected reefs, optimal protection was reached at a lower number of reefs protected, and life expectancy was higher with protection of highly suitable reefs.

Synthesis and applications. Our framework can be applied to many studies using passive‐acoustic telemetry to track animal movements. Protected area networks benefit species highly attached to protected sites. To increase benefits of marine protected area networks for all species (with low and high degrees of reef attachment) we need to understand the use of reef‐adjacent areas, dispersal routes and characterize reef suitability for multiple species.
Public sector innovation, e‐government, and anticorruption in China and India: Insights from civil servants
Authors: Wu Alfred M. , Yan Yifei , Vyas Lina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBoth China and India are adopting information and communication technologies to facilitate openness and transparency in their governments, and hence reduce corruption. Distinctive from their traditional anticorruption approaches, is the innovative e‐government approach an effective solution to corruption in these two large developing countries? This paper addresses the question through comparative in‐depth interviews with 44 mid‐ or senior‐level officials in the public sector in these two countries. The first study of its kind, our research shows that civil servants in both countries overall think positively about transparency and technology in reducing corruption. However, to what extent these innovative measures will be effective is conditional on various factors, such as political willingness, income inequality, and infrastructure readiness. What is worth noting is that the Chinese respondents were more positive regarding the role of transparency, whereas the Indian respondents were more positive about the role of technology, which may reflect the different facilitators of corruption and the constraints of anticorruption in China and India.
High‐sensitivity troponin T use in non‐chest pain presentations in the emergency department
Authors: Buntine Paul G , Sze Serena , Aldridge Emogene S 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo explore troponin testing yield in patients who present to the ED without chest pain.MethodsA retrospective medical record audit of all patients who presented to ED in November 2018 and had troponin measured.ResultsA total of 1124 troponin assays were performed in 763 patients, 48.7% had no documented chest pain; 8.8% of these met high‐risk criteria and 1.1% were diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome.ConclusionsDespite ED troponin testing in the absence of chest pain being common practice, it rarely assisted in a meaningful diagnosis. Consequences of testing may include delays to patient discharge and additional downstream testing.
Nitrite production by ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria mediates chloramine decay and resistance in a mixed‐species community
Authors: Keshvardoust Pejhman , Huron Vanessa A. A. , Clemson Matthew , Barraud Nicolas , Rice Scott A. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryAs water distribution centres increasingly switch to using chloramine to disinfect drinking water, it is of paramount importance to determine the interactions of chloramine with potential biological contaminants, such as bacterial biofilms, that are found in these systems. For example, ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are known to accelerate the decay of chloramine in drinking water systems, but it is also known that organic compounds can increase the chloramine demand. This study expanded upon our previously published model to compare the decay of chloramine in response to alginate, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Nitrosomonas europaea and a mixed‐species nitrifying culture, exploring the contributions of microbial by‐products, heterotrophic bacteria and AOBs to chloramine decay. Furthermore, the contribution of AOBs to biofilm stability during chloramination was investigated. The results demonstrate that the biofilm matrix or extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), represented by alginate in these experiments, as well as high concentrations of dead or inactive cells, can drive chloramine decay rather than any specific biochemical activity of P. aeruginosa cells. Alginate was shown to reduce chloramine concentrations in a dose‐dependent manner at an average rate of 0.003 mg l−1 h−1 per mg l−1 of alginate. Additionally, metabolically active AOBs mediated the decay of chloramine, which protected members of mixed‐species biofilms from chloramine‐mediated disinfection. Under these conditions, nitrite produced by AOBs directly reacted with chloramine to drive its decay. In contrast, biofilms of mixed‐species communities that were dominated by heterotrophic bacteria due to either the absence of ammonia, or the addition of nitrification inhibitors and glucose, were highly sensitive to chloramine. These results suggest that mixed‐species biofilms are protected by a combination of biofilm matrix‐mediated inactivation of chloramine as well as the conversion of ammonia to nitrite through the activity of AOBs present in the community.
Identification of common cardiometabolic alterations and deregulated pathways in mouse and pig models of aging
Authors: Fanjul Víctor , Jorge Inmaculada , Camafeita Emilio , Macías Álvaro , González‐Gómez Cristina , Barettino Ana , Dorado Beatriz , Andrés‐Manzano María Jesús , Rivera‐Torres José , Vázquez Jesús , López‐Otín Carlos , Andrés Vicente 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAging is the main risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, which have become a global concern as the world population ages. These diseases and the aging process are exacerbated in Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS or progeria). Here, we evaluated the cardiometabolic disease in animal models of premature and normal aging with the aim of identifying alterations that are shared or specific to each condition. Despite differences in body composition and metabolic markers, prematurely and normally aging mice developed heart failure and similar cardiac electrical abnormalities. High‐throughput proteomics of the hearts of progeric and normally aged mice revealed altered protein oxidation and glycation, as well as dysregulated pathways regulating energy metabolism, proteostasis, gene expression, and cardiac muscle contraction. These results were corroborated in the hearts of progeric pigs, underscoring the translational potential of our findings, which could help in the design of strategies to prevent or slow age‐related cardiometabolic disease.
Genetic diversity in Iranian indigenous sheep vis‐à‐vis selected exogenous sheep breeds and wild mouflon
Authors: Eydivandi S. , Sahana G. , Momen M. , Moradi M.H. , Schönherz A.A. 
Published: July 2020

SummaryThe heterogeneity of climate and different agro‐ecological conditions in Iran have resulted in development of 27 indigenous sheep breeds. Wild Asiatic mouflon (Ovis orientalis) is believed to be the ancestor of Iranian sheep. Evaluation of genetic diversity and population structure within and among domestic breeds has important implications for animal breeding programs and genetic resources management. Based on 50K SNP genotype data, we studied the genetic diversity of five indigenous Iranian sheep breeds: Afshari (n = 37), Moghani (n = 34), Qezel (n = 35), Zel (n = 46) and Lori‐Bakhtiari (n = 46), and Asiatic mouflon (n = 8) sampled from Iran. Furthermore, genetic diversity and the breed admixture of Iranian sheep were assessed on a larger geographic scale using a reference panel comprising: three indigenous Afghan breeds – Arabi (n = 15), Balouchi (n = 15) and Gadik (n = 15); three indigenous breeds from Turkey and Cyprus – Cyprus Fat Tail (n = 30), Karakas (n = 18) and Norduz (n = 20); and three commercial European breeds – Suffolk (n = 19), Comisana (n = 24) and Engadine Red Sheep (n = 24). The results revealed that the investigated breeds are divided into five genetically distinct clusters according to their geographic origin. Afshari was closest to the local mouflon population and showed signs of mouflon admixture. Qezel was identified as a hybrid sheep breed. Much evidence supported the Afghan breeds being identical. Inbreeding values, which were estimated based on ROHs, were highest for Suffolk (FROH = 0.0544) and lowest for Balouchi (FROH = 0.0078). In conclusion, analysis of selected breeds from neighboring countries along with Asiatic mouflon gave a deeper insight into the evolutionary history and origin of Iranian sheep with important implications for future breed management.
A comparison of postoperative respiratory complications associated with the use of desflurane and sevoflurane: a single‐centre cohort study
Authors: Zucco L. , Santer P. , Levy N. , Hammer M. , Grabitz S. D. , Nabel S. , Ramachandran S. K. 
Published: August 2020

SummarySevoflurane and desflurane are the most commonly used volatile anaesthetics for maintenance of anaesthesia. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between choice of volatile anaesthetic and early postoperative respiratory complications, and to address a critical knowledge gap in safety outcomes between these two commonly used agents. We performed a retrospective analysis of adult (non‐cardiac surgery) patients who received sevoflurane or desflurane for the maintenance of general anaesthesia at our institution between 2005 and 2018. We evaluated the association between desflurane exposure (when compared with sevoflurane) and the primary outcome of postoperative respiratory complications, defined by early post‐extubation desaturation (SpO2 < 90%) or re‐intubation within 7 days postoperatively. Multivariable regression analyses were performed and adjusted for confounding factors, including patient, anaesthetic and surgical factors. Propensity matched, interaction and sub‐group analyses were performed to assess outcomes in high‐risk groups: morbidly obese (BMI > 35 kg.m−2); elderly (age > 65 years); and high risk of respiratory complications as well as the primary outcome at 24 h. Desflurane was used for 23,830 patients and sevoflurane for 84,608 patients. Patients exposed to desflurane did not demonstrate a reduced risk of postoperative respiratory complications when compared with sevoflurane (adjusted odds ratio 0.99, 95%CI 0.94–1.04, p = 0.598). These findings were consistent across all sub‐groups of high‐risk patients and in the propensity score matched cohort. In summary, desflurane use was not associated with reduced postoperative respiratory complications when compared with sevoflurane. In the context of environmental and cost concerns with volatile anaesthetic agents, our study provides important data to support organisational decisions regarding the use of desflurane.
Clinical aspects of abdominal actinomycosis: a systematic review
Authors: Manterola Carlos , Grande Luis , Riffo‐Campos Ángela L. , Salgado Carla , Otzen Tamara 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal actinomycosis (AA) is a rare infection. The aim of this study was to summarize the evidence available on AA.MethodsA systematic review was conducted. Data sources included Trip Database, BIREME, SciELO, Cochrane Library, WoS, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, IBECS and LILACS. Eligibility criteria included: studies related to surgically treated AA, in adult population, without language and sex restriction, published between 1966 and 2019. The following variables were analysed: publication year, age, sex, geographical origin, location of lesions, clinical manifestations, risk factors, species isolated and treatments used.ResultsA total of 1505 studies were initially identified. After scrutinizing titles and abstracts, and checking duplications, 221 articles including 406 subjects with AA were included. All were case reports or series. Mean age of subjects was 49.2 years and 56.2% were female. The highest proportion of articles was published between 2015 and 2019 (18.7%). Publications were predominantly from the USA (12.2%). Structures usually involved were abdominal wall, colon and appendix. The most common presentation was abdominal mass (39.2%). In 42.1% of patients, an associated factor was found, highlighting intrauterine devices (14.3%). The microbiology studies highlighted Actinomyces israelli. Morbidity, recurrence and verified mortality were 18.2%, 1.0% and 2.2%, respectively. Penicillin was the most used antibiotic.ConclusionEvidence about AA is scarce and dispersed within a reduced range of articles and cases.