bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and abundance of nitrifying-denitrifying bacteria in malang sand filter based culture environment for mud crabs Scylla serrata
Authors: Hastuti Y P , Andina Y , Supriyono E , Fatma Y S , Tridesianti S 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Accumulation of organic matter derived from an uneaten feed, faeces, and other metabolic waste of biota can reduce water quality. This issue can be overcome by physical method using filtration systems such as malang sand. The present study aimed to identify the morphology and abundance of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in the mud crab Scylla serrata cultivation system treated with different weight of malang sand as i.e. 0 kg (control), 5 kg, 10 kg, 15 kg, and 20 kg. Mud crabs with the weight of 73.72±1.05 g and carapace length of 7.28±0.06 cm were reared in a container measuring 60 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm for 30 days fed two times a day using ad satiation method (as satisfied as possible). The results showed that a treatment using 5 kg malang sand was the best treatment with the survival rate of mud crabs reached 77.77±19.2%. At the end of cultivation period, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria accounted for 1.52x107 CFU mL−1 and 1.06x107 CFU mL−1, respectively. The nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in the rearing water were classified as Pseudomonas sp. and Acinetobacter sp., respectively.
Fatty acid profile and cholesterol level of smoked whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) with different liquid smoke concentrations
Authors: Daniswara N P , Swastawati F , Purnamayati L 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is an important marine products with high nutritional values but its high cholesterol content may have negative impact to human health. Certain processing techniques may be applicable to reduce the cholesterol content to lower the risk. One of them is smoking the shrimps with clove branches liquid. This research was aimed to determine the effect of clove branches liquid smoke concentrations on cholesterol levels of smoked whiteleg shrimps. The research materials were whiteleg shrimps and clove branches liquid smoke. The samples of shrimps were exposed to different levels of liquid smoke concentration, i.e. 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%. The experiment showed that the use of the liquid smoke reduced cholesterol level, increased saturated fatty acid (i.e. capric acid, lauric acid, stearic acid), unsaturated fatty acid (linoleic acid, oleic acid), lipid content and reduced moisture content. It was concluded that the use of clove branches liquid smoke can reduce the cholesterol concentration in the smoked shrimps.
Species composition and abundance of small fishes in seagrass beds of the Karang Congkak Island, Kepulauan Seribu National Park, Indonesia
Authors: Simanjuntak C P H , Noviana  , Putri A K , Rahardjo M F , Djumanto  , Syafei L S , Abdillah D 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
It is extensively recognized that seagrass meadows have been defined as nursery ground for fish. In this study, we investigated species composition and abundance of small fishes in seagrass beds of Karang Congkak Island, Kepulauan Seribu National Park from November 2018 to March 2019. In total, about 10,000 individuals of 46 fish species belonging to 26 families were captured using a seine net at four fix stations. The major families graded by species number were Labridae, Apogonidae, Gobiidae, Siganidae, and Atherinidae. More than 90% of fish was juvenile and mostly economically important species and reef-associated fish. Majority of fish juveniles inhabit seagrass beds were categorized as temporary resident and regular visitors. It was observed that the top five ranked fish species in abundance were Spratelloides gracilis (33.4%), Stenatherina panatela (19.5%), Siganus canaliculatus (13.2%), Gerres oyena (11.8%) and Siganus spinus (5.9%). There was a propensity that species richness and diversity were higher in areas with higher seagrass coverage. However, two-way ANOSIM revealed fish abundance was not significantly different spatially and temporally (p>0.05). Predominant trophic function of fish were zooplanktivores and crustacivores. The present study, therefore, identified seagrass beds of Karang Congkak Island as feeding habitats and shelter for fish juveniles.
Identification of bioactive compounds from Nannochloropsis sp.
Authors: Fithriani D , Ambarwaty D , Nurhayati  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Microalgae are known to have functional components for human life. Exploration of cholesterol-lowering active compounds from microalgae Nannochloropsis in Indonesia is still lacking. This research was aimed to identify bioactive compounds from Nannochloropsis sp that can reduce cholesterol level. Components of Nannochloropsis sp. including proximate, phytochemicals, beta-carotene, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, omega 3, and omega 6 were determined. Phytochemical test results showed that microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. positively contained flavonoids, tannin, glycosides, alkaloids, and saponin. Result of beta carotene was 2.74%, beta-sitosterol 7.25% stigmasterol 10.37%, beta carotene 145.26 ppm, omega 6 was 9.86% and omega 3 was 4.38% from total fatty acid.
Fishing gear productivity related fishing intensity and potency of stock vulnerability in Sunda strait
Authors: Yonvitner  , Yuliana E , Yani D E , Setijorini L E , Nurhasanah  , Santoso A , Boer M , Kurnia R , Akmal S G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Increasing of fishing productivity is an indicator of fishing intensity. The increasing productivity dominated by a small and immature population also as an indicator of vulnerability stock in the sea. Therefore, fishing productivity research is important as the basis of the study of the efficiency and vulnerability of fish stocks. This research was conducted in the Sunda strait using landing fish data in Labuan Landing Port from February until July 2018. Evaluation of the effectivity and intensity of fishing pressure was determined by a descriptive statistic from average and deviation of the fishing number. The results of the research showed that the productivity of purse seine, beach seine, mini purse seine, mini trawl higher than that of other gears. The average productivity value purse seine, beach seine, mini purse seine, mini trawl was 100.63, 84.16, 25.5 and 31. 6 kg per unit per trip, respectively. These gears were more effective compared to other fishing gears. These results can be used as an indicator and basis to evaluate the vulnerability stock from fishing activity.
Fishing trial using a portable fish aggregating device (FAD) in the Indian Ocean
Authors: Yusfiandayani R , Nurilmala M , Nurjanah  , Abdullah A , Sondita M F A , Mualim R , Kusdinar A , Choerudin H 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Fish aggregating device (FAD) are commonly used in Indonesia and once deployed in the waters they are immobile. A portable FAD equipped with sound generating devices is an innovation to attract fish which has capability to react to audio stimulant. A fishing trial in April 2019 was carried out to check the performance of the EFAD. The research was carried out using a research vessel operating handlines with fish baits. The fishing trial successfully caught the white spotted triggerfish (Canthidermis maculatus), which is usually bycatch of tuna purse seine and gillnet fisheries. The catch of the trigger fish could not be attributed solely to the sound generated by EFAD because other factors, such as the fish bait and the size of the boat, might attract the fish.
Practical Implications of Hydraulic Phenomena in Francis Turbines
Authors: Pott Joachim (Joe) 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Unexpected hydraulic phenomena in Francis turbines may have severe implications on the operation of new, upgraded, or existing units. This article describes several such phenomena, including the effects of inter-blade channel vortex cavitation, turbine runner uplift under overspeed conditions, runner seal induced unit vibration, high-load and high part-load instabilities, and draft tube vortex induced penstock resonance. Case studies are provided based on the author’s direct involvement with the respective projects. The article includes descriptions of the hydraulic phenomena, their impact on unit operation, investigations to eliminate or mitigate their effects, solutions implemented, and some lessons learned.
Digital clone for penstock fatigue monitoring
Authors: Dreyer M , Nicolet C , Gaspoz A , Biner D , Rey-Mermet S , Saillen C , Boulicaut B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In Switzerland, most of the hydro power plants were installed between 1950 and 1970. These power plants play an important role for electrical power network stability through their operational flexibility and ability to provide ancillary services. These services lead to frequent start and stop sequences, as well as continuous power variations inducing transient pressures in the water conduits. Due to electricity market recent evolutions, existing hydropower plants are subject to new operating conditions and sequences which were not foreseen during the design phase. This significant increase of load variations enhances fatigue problems by soliciting the penstock faster than originally expected. While loading spectra are the fundamental input for any fatigue assessment procedure, they are often difficult, if not impossible, to quantify accurately. In this paper, we present how the implementation of a digital clone of the power plant, namely the Hydro-Clone real-time simulation monitoring system, can be used to fill this gap. By replicating the hydraulic transients of the powerplant, the digital clone enables real-time knowledge of the pressure variations throughout the water conduits. This feature is used to implement a fatigue module in Hydro-Clone by monitoring the penstock level of solicitation, based on the accumulated damage during its past and future operations. To validate this approach, stresses related to pressure variations are measured in situ by installing strain gages on the penstock of the 200 MW La Bâtiaz hydropower plant, owned by Electricité d’Emosson SA, and compared to the simulated values. Our results reveal the considerable impact of the supply of ancillary services on penstock fatigue wear.
Visualization of the elliptical form of a cavitation vortex rope and its collapse by two cameras
Authors: Favrel A. , Liu Z. , Takahashi W. , Irie T. , Kubo M. , Miyagawa K. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This article presents preliminary results of an experimental study of the upper-part load instability and the associated elliptical form of the cavitation vortex rope in a Francis turbine draft tube. The influence of the operating parameters on the onset and the development of the instability is first briefly studied by pressure measurements in the draft tube. Visualizations of the cavitation vortex rope and its associated elliptical form are performed by using two synchronized high-speed cameras spaced by an angle of 90°. This allows to reconstruct the instantaneous position of the vortex center along the draft tube. It is confirmed that using a single camera leads to biased estimations of the cavitation volume fluctuations. The breathing behaviour of the vortex rope, responsible for the pressure pulsations according to several authors, cannot be definitely demonstrated without a proper reconstruction of the vortex shape based on high-speed videos from several positions. Finally, unique intermittent collapses of cavitation in the vortex center, giving rise to two distinct cavities connecting on both sides the vortex rope, are highlighted.
The effect of chloride ion diffusion on corrosion activity of kaolin geopolymer paste in artificial seawater
Authors: Zainal Farah Farhana , Abd Hakim Sahrul , Daud Yusrina Mat , Hashim Mohammad Firdaus Abu , Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri , Hasri  , Hartati  
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the effect of chloride ion diffusion on the corrosion activity of kaolin geopolymer paste in artificial seawater. An aluminosilicate material that rich with aluminium and silicon such as kaolin is selected as a raw material in the geopolymerization of geopolymer. Kaolin then mixed with an alkaline activator that consist mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution with sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) solution. Two types of samples are used in this study, which 7 days and 14 days sample. A few testing is conducted in order to test the chloride ion diffusion on the samples such as Rapid Chloride Permeability Test, Rapid Migration Test and Salinity Test. The result shows that sample for 7 days consist the higher penetration of chloride ion compare sample of 14 days. This is proven with the result of salinity. A longer curing time of the sample cause a lesser penetration of Cl− ion.
Effect of graphene oxide on microstructure and optical properties of TiO2 thin film
Authors: Azani Azliza , Halin Dewi Suriyani Che , Razak Kamrosni Abdul , Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri , Salleh Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd , Razak Mohd Fairul Sharin Abdul , Mahmed Norsuria , Ramli Muhammad Mahyiddin , Azhari Ayu Wazira , Chobpattana V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
GO/TiO2 thin films have been synthesized from titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) by a sol-gel method. The films were deposited onto a glass substrate using spin coating deposition technique then were subjected to annealed process at 350 °C. The different amount of graphene oxide (GO) was added into the parent solution of sol in order to investigate the microstructure, topography, optical band gap and photocatalytic activity of the thin films. The prepared thin films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-VIS spectrophotometry and degradation of methylene blue (MB). AFM images reveal a rougher surface of GO/TiO2 thin film than bare TiO2 thin film due to GO particles. Moreover, the SEM images showed the formation of semispherical microstructure of bare TiO2 changes to some larger combined molecules with GO addition. The UV–Vis spectrophotometer results show that with optical direct energy gap decreases from 3.30 to 3.18 eV after GO addition due to the effect of high surface roughness and bigger grain size. Furthermore, the optical results also indicated that GO improved the optical properties of TiO2 in the visible range region.
Oxide scale growth on Fe-40Ni-24Cr alloy at high temperature oxidation
Authors: Parimin Noraziana , Hamzah Esah 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Fe-40Ni-24Cr alloy is a Ni-based alloy used at high temperature application. In this study, Fe-40Ni-24Cr alloy had undergo a solution treatment at two different temperatures, namely 1050° and 1150°, for 3 hours soaking times followed by water quench. A solution-treated Fe-40Ni- 24Cr alloy was experienced a high temperature isothermal oxidation test at 500° for 500 hours exposures duration. The growth of oxide scale was characterized in terms of oxidation kinetics and surface morphology using field emission scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The oxidation kinetics of all samples shows an increasing weight gain pattern as the exposure durations increases. The oxidation kinetics was obeyed a parabolic rate law, indicating the oxide growth rate was followed diffusion-controlled mechanism. The surface morphology of oxidized solution-treated Fe-40Ni-24Cr alloy displayed a formation of continuous oxide scale with evidence of overgrown Nb-rich oxide particles distributed along the oxidized samples surface. Oxidized Fe- 40Ni-24Cr alloy which undergo solution treatment at 1150° exhibited the formation of oxide spallation. The spallation has a tendency to occur around the area of overgrown Nb-rich oxide particles.
The effect of Aluminium addition on the microstructure of lead-free solder alloys: A short review
Authors: Tan Chi Ying , Salleh Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The ban on using lead in electronic packaging has been taken effect since the year 2006. The alternative to replacing lead (Pb) based solder has been given highly concerns by the electronic industry. Both Sn- Ag-Cu and Sn-Cu solder alloys were considered to be the most acceptable candidates to replace SnPb solder alloy. From the findings, it showed that β-Sn appears as island-liked shape and eutectic phases appear as a darker shade. The grain size is refined significantly after incorporated with a suitable amount of Al. When exorbitant amount of Al addition will cause Al-rich particles, which has high potential to acts as the heterogeneous nucleation site and result in a lower degree of undercooling. The most desired amount of Al addition is between 0.025 - 0.05 wt%. The primary intermetallic compounds found in Sn-based solder alloy are Cu6Sn5 and Ag3Sn. New intermetallic compouds were found after addition of Al, which are Cu-Al and Ag-Al intermetallic. The formation of new intermetallic compounds causes the formation of Cu6Sn5 and Ag3Sn to be suppressed.
Mitigation techniques for crosstalk in ICs
Authors: Razif Rifhan Amira Mohd , Maharum Siti Marwangi Mohamad , Hasani Azri Husni , Mansor Zuhanis 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Crosstalk is a major concern among integrated circuit (IC) designers as it may contribute significantly to the amount of noise presented in a device. Hence, there is a need to mitigate the impact of crosstalk in order to preserve the signal integrity between interconnections. This paper will review several methods to mitigate crosstalk in high speed ICs. The methods include the usage of repeater, Schmitt trigger, shielding, skewing, space adjustment between signal wires and setting the coupling length of the signal wires. Although these methods are effective for crosstalk mitigation, the features might only be applicable due to certain constraints. Consequently, this paper will provide a sufficient review on each method as a guideline for crosstalk mitigation method selection in which the crosstalk is largely regulated in long interconnections.
Effect of zero charge corrosion protection (ZCCP) on the carbon steel surface in 3.5% NaCl solution
Authors: Shamsudin Shaiful Rizam , Sim Zin Wen , Wardan Rajaselan , Jamalullalel Nadia Nadhira Mohd , Rahmat Azmi 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The application of the zero charges concept is the latest and promising corrosion protection technique as compared to the cathodic protection (CP) technique. The study was conducted using carbon steel as metal to be protected. The effectiveness study was carried out on carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl solution with and without corrosion protection system. The results showed that carbon steel surface under zero charge corrosion protection (ZCCP) had no corrosion effect and consumed a very low electrical current. The protection effectiveness of ZCCP technique is found to be comparable to impressed current corrosion protection (ICCP), while unprotected carbon steel in the same corrosive solution undergoes severe corrosion attacks.
Current advancement in electrically conductive polymer composites for electronic interconnect applications: A short review
Authors: Badrul Farah , Halim Khairul Anwar Abdul , Salleh Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd , Omar Mohd Firdaus , Osman Azlin Fazlina , Zakaria Mohd Salihin 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The development of conductive polymer composites along with their advantages are rapidly growing to meet current demands in electronic applications. There are many types of matrix and filler that had been extensively researched in order to find the most suitable materials that can be utilized for electronic interconnect applications. Previous works carried out by researchers within the field revealed that by using melt blending techniques such as twin screw compounding and compression moulding can be used to develop conductive composite polymer such as from polypropylene (PP) incorporated with graphite as conductive filler. The conductivity of the composite can be measured using the 4-point probe technique. This short review aims to provide the latest insight in the area of electrically conductive polymer composites focused on the types of matrix and filler, processing and utilisation in electronic interconnect and other potential applications.
Electrochemical migration and corrosion behaviours of SAC305 reinforced by NiO, Fe2O3, TiO2 nanoparticles in NaCl solution
Authors: Othman Norinsan Kamil , Omar Fakhrul Rifdi , Ani Fakhrozi Che 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Pb-free solders incorporated with nano-sized particles have been identified, as potential Pb-free nanocomposite solders that could provide higher microstructure stability and better mechanical properties than the conventional solders. Nowadays, the miniaturizations of electronic devices increase in their usage have increased the risk of failure due to ion migration and corrosion phenomena. This research investigates the effects the electrochemical migration (ECM) and corrosion behaviour of Sn- 3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) reinforced by NiO, Fe2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles in 0.1M NaCl solution. The SAC305 solder alloys were doped with different percentages of NiO, Fe2O3 and TiO2 at nominal percentages of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.15 wt% in producing nanocomposite solder paste. Then, the solder paste has flowed in the reflow oven at the temperature of 240°C. After that, the Water Drop Test (WDT) was performed using 0.1 M NaCl solution to investigate the ion migration behaviour and Potentiodyamic Tafel Polarization technique to determine the corrosion behaviour on the solder alloys. In general, the results showed the mean-time-to-failure (MTTF) of SAC305 solder alloy increased when added of the nanoparticles of NiO, Fe2O3 and TiO2. Besides, SAC305-TiO2 has the longest MTTF in 0.1 M NaCl solution followed by SAC305-Fe2O3 and SAC305-NiO nanoparticles. This results is believed due to the presence of nanoparticles as the alloying element in the solder that hinder the process of ECM to suppress the growth of the dendrites accelerating for the short circuit occurs and causes the failure of the IPC-24 test board. The potentiodynamic polarization curve results exhibit the SAC305 with nanoparticles decreased the corrosion rate compared with SAC305 solder alloy only. SAC305 with NiO and TiO2 have slightly lower corrosion rates compared with Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Therefore, SAC305 reinforced by TiO2, Fe2O3 and NiO nanoparticles exhibited excellent ECM and corrosion resistance behaviours in the 0.1 M NaCl solution.
A review of iron nitride based thin films development
Authors: Nadzri Nur Izzati Muhammad , Ibrahim Dayang Mas Shufina , Sompon Saphuang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Thin film technology has taken a lot of area in the industry due to their properties which is better than their parents bulk materials. One of the interesting thin films that has yet to be fully explored is iron nitride based thin films has been attracting attention for the past few years especially in the semiconductor technology. Crystal structure and magnetic properties on the film which depend greatly on the growth method, deposition technique, gas flow, pressure and many more. Suitable parameters allow the presence of required iron nitride based thin films stoichiometry. In semiconductor application, magnetization properties play an important role of developing iron nitride thin films. This will give rise to the formation of strong magnetic moment thus increasing the corrosion resistance of the thin film. However, the difficulties of growing a pure phase of these iron nitrides thin films makes it more interesting to study and recent researches have shown findings that open the possibilities in enhancing properties of this iron nitride based thin films.