bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Metabolome Analyses of Chinese Hickory Nut Kernels Highlight The Importance of Allocation Shift and Accumulation on Primary and Secondary Metabolites During In-Situ Germination
Authors: Xiao Lihong , Ong Wen-Dee , Wang Jianhua , Huang Chunying , Hong Junye , Xi Jianwei , Lv Saibin , Li Xuan , Huang Jianqin 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Chinese hickory ( Carya cathayensis ) and pecan ( C. illinoinensis ) are popular nut trees with high economic value in the family Juglandaceae, due to the richness in nutrients and multiple health factors in their nut kernels. However, the considerable in-situ germination of the nut seeds severely impact the quality of the kernels. The fundamental meta bolic mechanism of in-situ germination has been widely reported in major crops but rare in nut crops. Results: We sampled non- and pre-sprouted Chinese hickory nut kernels and performed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)-based metabolomic analyses. Comparative metabolomic analyses revealed 35 6 significantly-changed metabolites during in-situ germination. Detailed analysis emphasized the increasing accumulation and dynamic changes in compounds of primary mechanism and energy supply for in-situ germination. The results highlighted the importance of allocation shift and accumulation on four classes of primary metabolites and their derivatives, and two secondary metabolite classes between the transitions of germination initiation and germination and seedling establishment during the process. Metabolites related to carbohydrates and nitrogen metabolism, and few harmful to human health also demonstrated increasing accumulation along the process. Conclusions: The findings flourish our understanding of the metabolic mechanisms of in-situ germination and will be useful for future application in molecular breeding in Chinese hickory.
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Versus Antegrade Nailing for 3- and 4-Part Proximal Humeral Fractures in Elderly Patients.
Authors: AMRI Khalil , AYARI Rabie , TLEMSANI Karim LATRECH , ABDENNADHER Achraf , SALAH Mohamed BEN , DHAHRI Rim , CHOURABI Chadia , NOUISRI Lotfi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be withdrawn due to erroneous posting.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Towards Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of Human Immune Deficiency Virus Among Male Partner of Pregnant Women Attending in Shegaw Motta Primary Hospital. Institutional Based Crosectional Study
Authors: Aniley Habtamu Ayele 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: The transmission of HIV AIDS from mother to child is high still now. One of the factors may be due to the low level of the knowledge; attitude and practice of male partners for the HIV infected pregnant mothers. Therefore, the study was aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of male partners of pregnant women, so that, level of knowledge, attitude and practice of male partners of pregnant women would be known. However, little research is done to assess knowledge, attitude and practice toward MTCT/PMTCT program where these studies are limited in their scope, which focus only on pregnant mothers and there is a gap in examining knowledge and attitude of male partners. Assessing the knowledge, attitudes and practice of male partner of pregnant women at ANC and PMTCT program is vital for interventions on men. Objective: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV among male partner of pregnant women attending in Shegaw Motta Primary Hospital East Gojjam zone, Amahra Ethiopia in 2018.Results: From the total population 46.2% of the respondents had good knowledge. But, only 16.3 the respondents had poor knowledge. 55.6% of the respondents had positive attitude and 44.4% had negative attitude towards MTCT and PMTCT. 81.5% of the respondents had low level of involvement and 18. 5% of the respondents had high level of involvement towards MTCT and PMTCT Conclusion: Majority of the respondents had good knowledge and positive attitude towards MTCT and PMTCT. But majority of the respondents had low level involvement towards MTCT and PMTCT.
Comparison of Content and Psychometric Properties for Assessment Tools Used for Brain Tumor Patients: a Systemic Literature Review
Authors: Ģiga Lelde , Pētersone Anete , Čakstiņa Silva , Bērziņa Guna 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Aims: To determine the most frequently utilized functional status assessment instruments for patients with brain tumors, compare their contents, using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and their psychometric properties.Methods: a systematic literature search was performed for identification of the frequently used functional assessment tool in clinical trials in PubMed, ScienceDirect and ProQuest databases. The content of most used instruments was linked to the ICF categories. Psychometric qualities of these assessment tools were systematically searched and analyzed.Results: Nine most used assessment tools in clinical trials were identified. The Karnofsky Performance Scale was the only generic tool for oncologic patients. Out of four self-assessment tools, three were disease-specific (EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-BN20 and FACT-Br) and one used for different diagnosis (SF-36). The Functional Independence Measure and the Barthel Index were two objective assessment tools that described functioning, but two were neuropsychological tests (MMSE and Trial Making Test). Two hundred eighty-three meaningful concepts were identified and linked to 102 most relevant second-level categories covering all components of the ICF. Forty-nine studies reporting psychometric properties of those nine assessment tools were identified, indicating good reliability and validity for all the instruments.Conclusion: Nine most frequently utilized functional status assessment instruments for patients with brain tumors represent all components of the ICF and have good psychometric properties. However, the choice of the tool depends on the clinical question posed and the aim of its use.
Fu-Zheng-Jie-Du&nbsp;Ointment Enhances the Therapeutic Efficacy of 5-fluoropyrimidine by Inhibiting TIE2-expressing Monocyte/macrophage-mediated Angiogenesis in a Mouse Gastric Cancer Model
Authors: Wu Zhe , Gao Ruike , Xu Manman , Song Zhuo , Tian Qihang , Lj Jie 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Most cases of gastric cancer (GC), which is one of the most common cancers in China, are diagnosed at an advanced stage. The first-line treatments for GC include 5-fluoropyrimidine (5-FU)-based chemotherapy. However, the cancer cells may develop 5-FU resistance. The inhibition of angiogenesis can be an alternative therapeutic strategy for GC. Recent studies have demonstrated that TIE2-expressing monocytes/macrophages (TEMs), a subtype of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), exhibit profound pro-angiogenic activity. The herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine can be a potential source of anti-cancer agents and can improve the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy drugs. In this study, the role of TEMs in the synergistic anti-cancer effects of Fu-Zheng-Jie-Du ointment (FZJD) and 5-FU was evaluated.Methods: The migration of TEMs was evaluated using the transwell assay. Tube formation assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis were used to determine the pro-angiogenic activity of TEMs. Tumor-bearing mouse model and immunohistofluorescence stain were used to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of FZJD and the underlying mechanism.Results: FZJD inhibited the migration and pro-angiogenic activity of TEMs. Additionally, tumor growth in the mice co-treated with FZJD and 5-FU was lower than that in the mice treated with FZJD or 5-FU. Immunohistofluorescence stain revealed that the migration of TEMs was not inhibited upon treatment with FZJD alone or in combination with 5-FU. Moreover, treatment with FZJD did not decrease the endothelial cell population. In contrast, the treatment combination of FZJD and 5-FU markedly decreased the endothelial cell population.Conclusions: FZJD improves the anti-cancer efficacy of 5-FU through the inhibition of TEM-mediated angiogenesis.
Unexpected Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis During Bronchoscopy Using Radial Probe Endobronchial Ultrasound
Authors: Chung Hyun Sung , Bae Soohyun , Kim Insu , Ahn Hyo Yeong , Eom Jung Seop 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: Bronchoscopy using radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is performed when a peripheral lung lesion (PLL) is suspected to be malignant. However, pulmonary tuberculosis is unexpectedly diagnosed in some patients, and healthcare workers could therefore be exposed to tuberculosis if sufficient precautions are not taken. In this study, we examined the incidence of and factors associated with unexpected diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis during bronchoscopy using radial probe EBUS.Methods: This retrospective study included 970 patients who received bronchoscopy using radial probe EBUS between December 2015 and November 2018. Clinical, histological, radiological, and microbiological data were reviewed.Results: Pulmonary tuberculosis was unexpectedly diagnosed in 31 patients (3.2%) during bronchoscopy using radial probe EBUS. Patients with a lower age were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with tuberculosis than elderly patients (odds ratio [OR], 0.951; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.924–0.978; P = 0.001). Among the various CT findings, a low HUs difference between pre- and post-enhanced CT (OR, 0.976; 95% CI, 0.955–0.996; P = 0.022), the presence of concentric cavitation (OR, 5.211; 95% CI, 1.447–18.759; P = 0.012), and the presence of satellite centrilobular nodules (OR, 22.925; 95% CI, 10.556–49.785; P < 0.001) were independently associated with unexpected diagnosis of tuberculosis.Conclusions: The risk of healthcare workers being exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis during bronchoscopy using radial probe EBUS has been underestimated. Our results suggest that healthcare workers in the bronchoscopy suite should consider high-grade respiratory protection when examining patients with risk factors for an unexpected diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Impact of Educational Self-efficacy Enhancement Program on Quality of Life, Pain Management, Self-efficiency Behaviors, and Its Impact of Satisfaction Among Adult Diabetic Patients With Peripheral Neuropathy Pain
Authors: Abu-Shennar Jawad AHMAD , Bayraktar Nurhan Bayraktar 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
AimsThis study aims to investigate the impact of the educational self-efficacy enhancement program on quality of life, pain management, self-efficiency behaviors, and its impact satisfaction among adult diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy pain.Materials and methodsThis randomized controlled study was conducted at the Jordanian Ministry of Health. during the period from October - March 2020 with 72 adult diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy pain, after the ethical approval. Study group participants have implemented an educational self-efficacy enhancement program. Demographic data from, Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale, Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ-5D), Pain Intensity Scale, and Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire were used in data collection. ResultsThis study found that the self-efficacy enhancement program had a significantly positive impact on diabetic peripheral neuropathy pain patients’ QoL, pain levels, self-efficiency behaviors, and satisfaction.ConclusionIt is crucial to improve their self-efficacy behaviors and modification of lifestyle and behavioral changes such as appropriate diet, exercise, reduce weight and encouragement stop smoking, and regularly visit treating physicians.
Preparation of 3D Printable HAp-based Composite Powder for Binder Jetting Process
Authors: Dini Fahimeh , Ghaffari Seyed Amir , Javadpour Jafar , Rezaie Hamid Reza 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to prepare a 3D printable powder composed of hydroxyapatite and biocompatible polymers such as chitosan, dextrin, and polyvinylpyrrolidone for the binder jetting process. The relationship between powder properties such as flowability and particle size distribution, as well as printing quality were investigated in the binder jetting process. For this purpose, 3D printable powder and an appropriate solvent were designed and demonstrated by hydroxyapatite and water-soluble polymers such as carboxymethyl chitosan, dextrin, and PVP. Results showed that a combination of 60%wt. hydroxyapatite, 28%wt. carboxymethyl chitosan, 10% wt. dextrin, and 2% wt. PVP, with controlled particle size distribution according to the Dinger-Funk equation led to the best print quality. Finally, flash dipping of the 3D printed parts in chitosan solution resulted in increases of compressive and Young's modulus from 1.3 and 10 MPa to 7.4 and 125 MPa, respectively.
Investigating Public Values in Health Care Priority – Chileans´ Preference for National Health Care
Authors: Nunez Alicia , Chi Chunhuei 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aims to assess preferences and values for priority setting in healthcare in Chile through an original and innovative survey method. Based on the answers from a previous survey that look into the barriers the Chilean population face, this study considers the preferences of the communities overcoming those barriers. As a result six programs were identified: (1) new infrastructure, (2) better healthcare coverage, (3) increasing physicians/specialists, (4) new informatics systems, (5) new awareness healthcare programs, and (6) improving availability of drugs. Methods: We applied an innovative survey method for sample subjects to prioritize these programs by their opinion and by allocating resources. The survey also asked people´s preferences for a distributive justice principle for healthcare to guide priority setting of services in Chile. The survey was conducted with a sample of 1,142 individuals. Results: More than half of the interviewees (56.4%) indicated a single program as their first priority, while 20.1% selected two of them as their first priority. To increase the number of doctors/specialists and improve patient-doctor communication was the program that obtained the highest priority. The second and third priorities correspond to improving and investing in infrastructure and expanding the coverage of healthcare insurances. Additionally, the results showed that equal access for equal healthcare is the principle selected by the majority to guide distributive justice for the Chilean health system. Conclusions: This study shade lights on how a large population sample can participate in major decision making of national health policies, including making a choice of a distributive justice principle. Despite the complexity of the questions asked, this study demonstrated that with an innovative method and adequate guidance, average population is capable of engaging in expressing their preferences and values. Results of this study provide policy-makers useful community generated information for prioritizing policies to improve healthcare access.
Indwelling pleural catheters for malignancy related pleural effusions
Authors: Aujayeb Avinash 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
ObjectivesThe incidence of malignancy related pleural effusions (MPE) is increasing. MPE carry significant morbidity and mortality. Indwelling pleural catheters (IPCs) have become the cornerstone in management and are supported by established international guidance. Large case reviews add to the evidence base regarding safety and efficacy. Methods168 patients had an IPC insertion between January 2012 and December 2018 in a large pleural centre in the North East of England. Data on outcomes and complications were obtained from the patients’ notes, electronic records, laboratory, and radiographic findings. Descriptive statistical methodology was applied. Results168 IPCs were inserted in a predominantly male population by experienced pleural practitioners. Overall complication rate is 13% and the incidence of any individual complications such as infection, metastatic seeding, drain displacement and loculations are much less than previously quoted in the literature. ConclusionThis case review adds to the large body of evidence that IPCs are safe and have minimal complications in the palliation of symptoms of malignant pleural effusion.
Pain Management During COVID-19 and Scope of Ayurvedic Marijuana
Authors: Krishnan Prakash , D Priya 
Published: September 2020

During this novel corona virus outbreak, it is found that the most vulnerable population are the old age, especially with co-morbidities like Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other related pain diseases that are at greater risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2. This infection is because of their impaired immune systems due to use of corticosteroids and certain drugs. Ayurvedic marijuana, as a safe remedy with phytochemicals known as cannabinoids have shown significant promise in basic experiments on pain management. Study shows leaves?of this plant have been found effective in alleviating pain and other symptoms in patients.
Pharmacogenomics to Drive COVID-19 Therapy for Best Outcome in a Low Resource Setting
Authors: Iyer Gayatri , Zubeda Syeda , Kamireddy Aruna Priya , Hasan Qurratulain 
Published: September 2020

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has taken the world by storm with global infectivity and mortality of 3.5%. Since there is no specific treatment for COVID-19, several drugs have been repurposed to combat infection, these include drugs like anti-malarial – chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, anti- diarrheal– loperamide and antipsychotic-promazine, which have been considered to be effective inhibitors as of viral binding to ACE2 receptor. The administration of these drugs is currently random and is the key factors responsible for varied treatment response, hence genes involved in drug metabolism should be analysed before planning therapy. Genes involved in metabolism of the listed drugs are ABCB1, CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. Unpublished pharmacogenomic data from our internal cohort (75 cases) was analyzed to predict likely-responders and non-responders to propose drugs for COVID-19 drug therapy in our population. Preliminary data from random individuals without bias indicates that both anti-malarials at standard dose will benefit 98% of our cases (in absence of co-morbidities), while 11-85% of individuals would require dose reduction/alternatives for loperamide and promazine. Anti-malarials like chloroquine, hydroxychroloquine can be prescribed for prophylaxis and as first line of therapy in absence of comorbidities. Simple genotype testing of ABCB1, CYP1A2, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 is an indispensable tool to predict treatment outcomes of loperamide and promazine for COVID-19 patients.
A Green Control Release NPK Fertilizer Based on Micro/Nanoparticle of Chitosan Impregnated Activated Coir Fiber
Authors: Siri J.G.S. , Fernando C.A.N. , De Silva S.N.T. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Conventional chemical fertilizers enhance agricultural output but deteriorate soil quality and
fertility while causation of health and environmental issues. Therefore, continual use of chemical fertilizers is not
sustainable. Control release nanofertilizer is one of the solutions to said issues. Nanofertilizers use metallic nanoparticles
and toxic cross-linkers (eg. Glutaraldehyde, Glyoxal and Methacrylic Acid) which also pose risks to health and environment.
Synthetic, non-biodegradable costly raw material based nanofertilizers will also create new-generation-waste in future
which is not sustainable.

Objective:
Development of an environment friendly nanofertilizer for prolong control release of plant macronutrients -
Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium (NPK).

Methods:
Chitosan was obtained from deacetylation of chitin which was extracted from shrimp exoskeleton.
Micro/nanoparticles of chitosan were synthesized with ionotropic gelation method excluding toxic cross-linkers.
Macronutrient loaded nanoparticles were impregnated to micro and nano pores in activated coir fiber followed by coating
with a natural exudate water diffusional barrier. Macronutrient release behaviour and efficacy of control release fertilizer
were studied against conventional bulk fertilizer.

Results:
Mean size of nanoparticles was 100 nm. FTIR analysis showed the macronutrient interaction with
micro/nanoparticles of chitosan. Macronutrients were incorporated into nanoparticles at 12 % loading efficiency and 20 %
entrapment efficiency. The developed fertilizer showed control release of macronutrients even beyond 90 days whereas
commercial fertilizer showed an initial burst lasting a negligible release after 30 days. Results from pot trials indicated that
nanofertilizer enhances yield performance of rice plants against commercial fertilizer.

Conclusion:
A green nanofertilizer can be developed with a simple method using biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic
and renewable natural based raw materials for prolong control release of plant macronutrients excluding toxic chemicals.
Since the starting materials are coir fiber and shrimp exoskeleton which is a waste, it could significantly reduce the
production cost hence present study discloses an economically sound, environment friendly and socially responsible
nanofertilizer.
The Impact of Government Policies on The Competitiveness Of Clove Commodity In Tolitoli Regency: Multi Period PAM Approach
Authors: Pratama Adnan Putra , Darwanto Dwidjono Hadi , Masyhuri Masyhuri 
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the competitiveness of clove commodities in Tolitoli Regency in terms of competitive and comparative advantages and to determine the impact of government policies on the sustainability of clove farming in Tolitoli Regency. The method of determining respondents using a simple random sampling method and obtained as many as 87 samples of clove farmers. The data analysis method used is the Multi-Period PAM (Policy Analysis Matrix). The results of this study indicate that the clove commodity in Tolitoli Regency has competitiveness in terms of competitive and comparative advantages with a PCR value of 0.415 and DRCR 0.412. The impact of government policies on the output of clove farming in Tolitoli is protective against farming systems with an NPCO value of 1.088, but tends to be weak. While on the other hand, the impact of government policies on clove farming inputs is unprotective with an NPCI value of 1.061, meaning that farmers have not received positive incentives from the current input subsidy policy. The impact of government policies on input-output as a whole is protective and provides positive incentives to farmers, but the value of the coefficient shows the level of protection that is still relatively weak and very vulnerable if there is a change in policy. The regional government is expected to provide protection to clove farmers in the form of setting the cost of clove purchases and also to exercise strict supervision of cartel practices in the clove trade system.