bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making Sense on Its Own Terms
Authors: Ghosh Arunabha 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Climate negotiations do not occur only under the auspices of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Increasingly, the climate arena resembles a ‘regime complex’, with sub-negotiations in different forums and under different rules. This chapter provides insights into two such important negotiations: limits on hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) under the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol; and a global market-based measures approach on aviation emissions. The chapter’s central focus is on the in-country analysis and consultations in recent years, which allowed for a more proactive—rather than merely defensive—approach to the HFC (and partly aviation) negotiations. Notable was India’s departure from its usual negotiation style during such processes, particularly in the former, including on key issues such as differentiation. The deals could not have been possible if India had not made sense of the science, the technological alternatives, the interests of varied groups, and the economic impact of alternative options on its own terms.
From Margins to Mainstream?
Authors: Dubash Navroz K. , Jogesh Anu 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
In 2009, the Government of India requested states to develop State Action Plans on Climate Change. Based on a detailed analysis of five state climate plans, this article finds that climate plans provide an important institutional platform to mainstream concerns of environmental sustainability into development planning but fail to update ideas of sustainability to include climate resilience. There are shortcomings in approach, process, formulation of outcomes, and implementation efforts. These shortcomings are united by a common thread—a tendency to prematurely view state climate plans as vehicles for generating implementable actions, rather than an opportunity to redirect development towards climate resilience. However, if state plans are viewed as the beginning of a complex process of updating sustainable development planning rather than as an end in themselves, they provide a foundation upon which climate concerns can be more effectively mainstreamed in local development planning.
Climate Finance
Authors: Mandal Koyel Kumar 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the evolution of the concept of climate finance in India, reviews India’s current efforts at mobilizing finance for mitigation and adaptation from various sources, analyses the major drivers behind the flow of such funds, and discusses institutional arrangements around climate finance and their implications. The chapter also discusses the difficulties in estimating India’s climate finance flow and needs, driven in part by lack of clarity on what counts as climate finance. Although India has been able to leverage funds from a variety of sources, the quantum of funds is inadequate, given the large requirements. The key challenge will be to coordinate these multiple actors and channels of climate finance, and enable them to integrate with larger policy processes in order to secure and deliver climate finance that serves India’s interests and is truly transformational in its impact.
There’s Nothing Broken. You’ve Had a Whiplash, That’s It: A Qualitative Study of Comorbid Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Whiplash Associated Disorders
Authors: Ravn Sophie Lykkegaard , Eskildsen Nanna Bjerg , Johnsen Anna Thit , Sterling Michele , Andersen Tonny Elmose 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are common in chronic Whiplash associated disorders (WAD) and have been found to be associated with higher levels of pain and disability. Theoretical frameworks have suggested that PTSD and pain not only coexist, but also mutually maintain one another. Although the comorbidity has been subject to increasing quantitative research, patients’ experiences of the comorbidity and symptom interaction remain largely uninvestigated using qualitative methods.ObjectiveThe present study set out to explore the potential relationship of PTSD and pain in people with WAD and properly assessed PTSD after motor vehicle accidents.MethodsA qualitative explorative study of eight individual face-to-face semistructured interviews were conducted. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim and analyzed using framework analysis.ResultsThrough the analysis, we developed three overarching themes. The first theme illustrated the complex and burdensome comorbidity with overlapping and transdiagnostic symptoms, whereas the second theme highlighted how several circumstances, some related to the health care system, could extend and amplify the traumatic response. The final theme illustrated symptom associations and interactions, particularly between pain and PTSD, both supporting and rejecting parts of the mutual maintenance framework.ConclusionsThese findings underlined the great complexity and variability of the comorbidity and the traumatic event, but also emphasized how experiences of psyche and soma seem closely connected in these patients. The results provide support for the importance of thorough assessment by multidisciplinary teams, minimizing distress post-injury, and a critical approach to the idea of mutual maintenance between pain and PTSD.
Group Differences Between Countries and Between Languages in Pain-Related Beliefs, Coping, and Catastrophizing in Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sharma Saurab , Ferreira-Valente Alexandra , de C. Williams Amanda C , Abbott J Haxby , Pais-Ribeiro José , Jensen Mark P 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the extent to which pain-related beliefs, appraisals, coping, and catastrophizing differ between countries, language groups, and country economy.DesignSystematic review.MethodsTwo independent reviewers searched 15 databases without restriction for date or language of publication. Studies comparing pain beliefs/appraisals, coping, or catastrophizing across two or more countries or language groups in adults with chronic pain (pain for longer than three months) were included. Two independent reviewers extracted data and performed the quality appraisal. Study quality was rated as low, moderate, or high using a 10-item modified STROBE checklist. Effect sizes were reported as small (0.20–0.49), medium (0.50–0.79), or large (≥0.80).ResultsWe retrieved 1,365 articles, read 42 potential full texts, and included 10 (four moderate-quality, six low-quality) studies. A total of 6,797 adults with chronic pain (33% with chronic low back pain) were included from 16 countries. Meta-analysis was not performed because of heterogeneity in the studies. A total of 103 effect sizes were computed for individual studies, some of which indicated between-country differences in pain beliefs, coping, and catastrophizing. Of these, the majority of effect sizes for pain beliefs/appraisal (60%; eight large, eight medium, and eight small), for coping (60%; seven large, 11 medium, and 16 small), and for catastrophizing (50%; two medium, one small) evidenced statistically significant between-country differences, although study quality was low to moderate.ConclusionsIn 50% or more of the studies, mean scores in the measures of pain beliefs and appraisals, coping responses, and catastrophizing were significantly different between people from different countries.
Bank Geographic Diversification and Systemic Risk
Authors: Chu Yongqiang , Deng Saiying , Xia Cong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Exploiting staggered interstate banking deregulation as exogenous shocks to bank geographic expansion, we examine the causal effect of geographic diversification on systemic risk. Using the gravity-deregulation approach, we find that bank geographic diversification leads to higher systemic risk measured by the change in conditional value at risk ($\Delta$CoVaR) and financial integration (Logistic($R^{2}))$. Furthermore, we document that geographic diversification affects systemic risk via its impact on asset similarity. The impact of geographic diversification on systemic risk is stronger in BHCs located in states comoving less with the U.S. aggregate economy.
When new nurses talk, nursing organizations listen
Authors: Levine Mary Ellen 
Published: December 2019

Abstract:
As new nurse retention is a challenge for the nursing profession, nursing organizations must work to address the needs of these nurses, be a resource to meet their needs, and promote the importance of belonging to a professional organization. This article outlines one state nursing association's efforts to solicit feedback from new nurses in an online survey and describes the survey's findings and recommendations for future directions.
Flow-Controlled Ventilation Attenuates Lung Injury in a Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Preclinical Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Schmidt Johannes , Wenzel Christin , Spassov Sashko , Borgmann Silke , Lin Ziwei , Wollborn Jakob , Weber Jonas , Haberstroh Jörg , Meckel Stephan , Eiden Sebastian , Wirth Steffen , Schumann Stefan 
Published: December 2019

Objectives:
Lung-protective ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome aims for providing sufficient oxygenation and carbon dioxide clearance, while limiting the harmful effects of mechanical ventilation. “Flow-controlled ventilation”, providing a constant expiratory flow, has been suggested as a new lung-protective ventilation strategy. The aim of this study was to test whether flow-controlled ventilation attenuates lung injury in an animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Design:
Preclinical, randomized controlled animal study.

Setting:
Animal research facility.

Subjects:
Nineteen German landrace hybrid pigs.

Intervention:
Flow-controlled ventilation (intervention group) or volume-controlled ventilation (control group) with identical tidal volume (7 mL/kg) and positive end-expiratory pressure (9 cm H2O) after inducing acute respiratory distress syndrome with oleic acid.

Measurements and Main Results:
Pao
2 and Paco
2, minute volume, tracheal pressure, lung aeration measured via CT, alveolar wall thickness, cell infiltration, and surfactant protein A concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Five pigs were excluded leaving n equals to 7 for each group. Compared with control, flow-controlled ventilation elevated Pao
2 (154 ± 21 vs 105 ± 9 torr; 20.5 ± 2.8 vs 14.0 ± 1.2 kPa; p = 0.035) and achieved comparable Paco
2 (57 ± 3 vs 54 ± 1 torr; 7.6 ± 0.4 vs 7.1 ± 0.1 kPa; p = 0.37) with a lower minute volume (6.4 ± 0.5 vs 8.7 ± 0.4 L/min; p < 0.001). Inspiratory plateau pressure was comparable in both groups (31 ± 2 vs 34 ± 2 cm H2O; p = 0.16). Flow-controlled ventilation increased normally aerated (24% ± 4% vs 10% ± 2%; p = 0.004) and decreased nonaerated lung volume (23% ± 6% vs 38% ± 5%; p = 0.033) in the dependent lung region. Alveolar walls were thinner (5.5 ± 0.1 vs 7.8 ± 0.2 µm; p < 0.0001), cell infiltration was lower (20 ± 2 vs 32 ± 2 n/field; p < 0.0001), and normalized surfactant protein A concentration was higher with flow-controlled ventilation (1.1 ± 0.04 vs 1.0 ± 0.03; p = 0.039).

Conclusions:
Flow-controlled ventilation enhances lung aeration in the dependent lung region and consequently improves gas exchange and attenuates lung injury. Control of the expiratory flow may provide a novel option for lung-protective ventilation.
Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-based quantitative proteomic analysis of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis and H2AX in etoposide-induced renal cell carcinoma apoptosis
Authors: Liu Tian-Shu , Chen Chao , Zhou Biao , Xia Bo-Wen , Chen Zong-Ping , Yan Yong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background:
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is a vital factor in the anti-apoptosis mechanism of tumors and is highly expressed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the mechanism through which XIAP regulates DNA damage repair is unknown. This study investigated the regulatory mechanism of XIAP in etoposide-induced apoptosis in two Caki-1 cell lines with high or low XIAP expression.

Methods:
The two cell lines were established using RNA interference technology. The differentially expressed proteins in the two cell lines were globally analyzed through an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation-based quantitative proteomics approach. Proteomic analysis revealed 255, 375, 362, and 5 differentially expressed proteins after 0, 0.5, 3, and 12 h of drug stimulation, respectively, between the two cell lines. The identified differentially expressed proteins were involved in numerous biological processes. In addition, the expression of histone proteins (H1.4, H2AX, H3.1, H3.2, and H3.3) was drastically altered, and the effects of XIAP silencing were accompanied by the marked downregulation of H2AX. Protein-protein interactions were assessed and confirmed through immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses.

Results:
The results suggested that XIAP may act as a vital cell signal regulator that regulates the expression of DNA repair-related proteins, such as H2AX, and influences the DNA repair process.

Conclusions:
Given these functions, XIAP may be the decisive factor in determining the sensitivity of RCC cell apoptosis induction in response to chemotherapeutic agents.
Combined detection of urine specific gravity and BK viruria on prediction of BK polyomavirus nephropathy in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Chen Xu-Tao , Wang Ze-Yuan , Huang Yang , Wang Jin-Yuan , Yang Shi-Cong , Chen Wen-Fang , Chen Pei-Song , Li Jun , Deng Rong-Hai , Huang Gang 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Background:
BK polyomavirus (BKPyV)-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) is an important cause of dysfunction and failure of renal transplants. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of morning urine specific gravity (MUSG) in diagnosing BKPyVAN in kidney transplant recipients.

Methods:
A total of 87 patients, including 27 with BKPyVAN, 22 with isolated BKPyV viruria, 18 with T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR), and 20 with stable graft function, were enrolled in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from March 2015 to February 2017. MUSG at biopsy and during a follow-up period of 24 months after biopsy was collected and analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the ability of MUSG to discriminate BKPyVAN.

Results:
At biopsy, the MUSG of BKPyVAN group (1.008 ± 0.003) was significantly lower than that of isolated BK viruria group (1.013 ± 0.004, P < 0.001), TCMR group (1.011 ± 0.003, P = 0.027), and control group (1.014 ± 0.006, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in MUSG among the isolated BK viruria group, TCMR group, and control group (P = 0.253). In BKPyVAN group, the timing and trend of MUSG elevate were consistent with the timing and trend of the decline of viral load in urine and plasma, reaching a statistical difference at 3 months after treatment (1.012 ± 0.003, P < 0.001) compared with values at diagnosis. ROC analysis indicated that the optimal cut-off value of MUSG for diagnosis of BKPyVAN was 1.009, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.803 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.721–0.937). For differentiating BKPyVAN and TCMR, the optimal MUSG cut-off value was 1.010, with an AUC of 0.811 (95% CI: 0.687–0.934).

Conclusion:
Combined detection of MUSG and BKPyV viruria is valuable for predicting BKPyVAN and distinguishing BKPyVAN from TCMR in renal transplant recipients.
A Complicated Case of Haemophilus influenzae Endocarditis in an Adult
Authors: Dylewski Joe , De l'Étoile-Morel Samuel 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Bacterial causes for infective endocarditis have changed over the years, with Staphylococcus aureus now being the most common pathogen isolated. With the advent of routine childhood vaccinations, invasive infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae have become rare. We wish to report a case of infective endocarditis caused by H. influenzae that was complicated by meningitis, septic arthritis, and stroke.
Management of the Patient With HIV/Hepatitis C Drug Interactions: A Guide for Nurses and Nurse Practitioners
Authors: Starbird Laura E. , Hong Hyejeong , Sulkowski Mark S. , Farley Jason E. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Approximately one third of patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) who initiate direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for HCV treatment may have to switch antiretroviral therapy (ART) because of drug interactions. ART switches can negatively affect quality of life, increase HIV symptom burden, and delay HCV therapy. Approaches to identify ART/DAA drug interactions that minimize the impact of switching ART are urgently needed. Nurses can lead the way in addressing this new and major need. We provide a guide for registered nurses and nurse practitioners who care for patients coinfected with HIV and HCV to identify HIV/HCV drug interactions and manage ART/DAA coadministration when needed.
Static and Dynamic Cognitive Performance in Youth and Collegiate Athletes With Concussion
Authors: Brilliant Anna N. , Meehan William P. , Howell David R. 
Published: December 2019

Objective:
To determine if individuals with a concussion demonstrate altered cognitive performance while standing still or while walking relative to uninjured controls.

Design:
Cross-sectional.

Setting:
Sports-medicine clinic.

Participants:
Youth and collegiate athletes diagnosed with a concussion, assessed within 10 days of injury, and a group of uninjured control subjects.

Independent Variables:
Concussion and control groups.

Main Outcome Measures:
Participants stood still for 30 seconds while completing a cognitive task (spelling words backward, serial subtraction, or reverse month recitation) and completed a similar set of cognitive tasks while walking. Our primary outcome variables were (1) overall cognitive task performance (accuracy) and (2) the total number of task items completed during testing (completion rate) during standing and walking conditions.

Results:
One hundred ninety-one participants completed the study: 94 with concussion (tested mean = 5.1 ± 2.9 days postconcussion; 51% female; mean age = 17.1 ± 3.3 years) and 97 control subjects (40% female; mean age = 17.5 ± 2.1 years). The concussion group completed significantly fewer responses than the control group while standing still (37.3 ± 14.5 vs 45.1 ± 17.6 responses; P = 0.03) and while walking (22.7 ± 7.5 vs 33.6 ± 13.4 responses; P < 0.001). They were also significantly less accurate at spelling words backward (81.2 ± 28.6% correct vs 89.8 ± 15.0% correct; P = 0.049) and reciting months in reverse order (95.8 ± 10.4% correct vs 98.2 ± 4.2% correct; P = 0.034) while walking.

Conclusions:
Athletes displayed lower cognitive task accuracy rates after concussion compared with control subjects during backward spelling and reverse month recitation tasks while walking but similar levels of accuracy while standing. Assessment of cognitive performance during dynamic tasks may be a clinically viable method to evaluate post-concussion deficits.
Assessment of the efficacy of Chinese patent medicine on treating pain caused by prostate cancer
Authors: Gong Xiaoyong , Wang Ji-sheng , Yu Xu-dong , Liu Rui-jia , Chu Li-yuan , Li Yuan-yuan , Lei Yi , Li Hong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Introduction
With the development of economy and the acceleration of population aging, Prostate cancer (PCa) has presented a situation of high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The recent studies have shown that Chinese patent medicine combined with endocrine therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer not only plays a synergistic role in enhancing the efficacy. This review hopes to adopt meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of pain caused by prostate cancer and provides evidence for its application in clinical practice.

Methods and analysis
We will search for PubMed, Cochrane Library, AMED, EMbase, WorldSciNet; Nature, Science online and China Journal Full-text Database (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature CD-ROM Database (CBM), and related randomized controlled trials included in the China Resources Database. The time is limited from the construction of the library to June 2019. We will use the criteria provided by Cochrane 5.1.0 for quality assessment and risk assessment of the included studies, and use the Revman 5.3 and Stata13.0 software for meta-analysis of the effectiveness, recurrence rate, and symptom scores of pain caused by prostate cancer.

Ethics and dissemination
This systematic review will evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine for pain caused by prostate cancer. Because all of the data used in this systematic review and meta-analysis has been published, this review does not require ethical approval. Furthermore, all data will be analyzed anonymously during the review process Trial.

Trial registration number
PROSPERO CRD42019131544.
The expression of mouse double minute 2 homolog and P73 had no correlation with growth arrest DNA damage-inducible gene 45α in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Wang Bo , Liang Chaoyang , Liu Huifeng , Lin Jixing , Wang Bailin , Fan Kaijie , Ren Zhipeng , Wang Bin , Li Tong , Qi Kang , Tian Xiaodong 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
To investigate the difference in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression of growth arrest DNA damage-inducible gene 45α (GADD45α), mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), and P73 in cancer and cancer-adjacent tissues in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).
We compared the mRNA expression of GADD45α and MDM2 and the protein expression of GADD45α, MDM2, and P73 in lung cancer and cancer-adjacent tissues in NSCLC patients by quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Western Blot (WB). We analyzed GADD45α, MDM2, and P73 expression in patients with different pathological types of NSCLC, and the correlation of these genes with gender, smoking history, and TNM/T stages.
IHC results suggested that MDM2 protein expression significantly increased in cancer tissues in female patients (P = .01), but not in male patients. In addition, WB results indicated that P73 protein expression significantly decreased in cancer tissues in patients with adenocarcinoma (P = .03), but not squamous carcinoma.
MDM2 and P73 protein levels were differentially regulated in cancer and cancer-adjacient tissues in patients with sub types of NSCLC. There was no significant difference in GADD45α expression between cancer and cancer-adjacent tissues in NSCLC patients.