bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sweet cherry fruit cracking: follow-up testing methods and cultivar-metabolic screening
Authors: Michailidis Michail , Karagiannis Evangelos , Tanou Georgia , Sarrou Eirini , Karamanoli Katerina , Lazaridou Athina , Martens Stefan , Molassiotis Athanassios 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: Rain-induced fruit cracking is a major physiological problem in most sweet cherry cultivars. For an in vivo cracking assay, the ‘Christensen method’ (cracking evaluation following fruit immersion in water) is commonly used; however, this test has been questioned. Herein, we have designed and evaluated a cracking protocol, named ‘Waterfall method’, in which fruits are continuously wetted under controlled conditions. Results: The application of this method alone, or in combination with ‘Christensen method, was shown to be a reliable approach to characterize sweet cherry cracking behavior. Seventeen cherry cultivars were tested for their cracking behavior using both protocols, and primary as well as secondary metabolites identification was performed in skin tissue using a combined GC-MS and UPLC-MS/MS platform. Significant variations of some of the detected metabolites were discovered and important cracking index–metabolite correlations were identified. Conclusions: We have established an efficient cracking protocolwhich may facilitate breeding for new sweet cherry cultivars with high resistance tocracking.
Necessity of vasoconstrictors for esophageal variceal bleeding after endoscopic ligation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yeh Jen-Hao , Lo Gin , Huang Ru-Yi , Lin Chih-Wen , Wang Wen-Lun 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
BackgroundSeveral recent trials have suggested that the need for vasoconstrictors for preventing esophageal variceal bleeding may be considerably reduced after endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL). However, comprehensive systematic reviews on this topic are hardly available. MethodsA meticulous literature review and meta-analysis were conducted using the databases of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Primary outcomes were initial hemostasis, rebleeding, mortality, and treatment failure within 5 days, and secondary outcomes were 6-week mortality and adverse events. ResultsFive randomized trials with 423 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The results revealed that the following outcomes were similar in groups that received only EVL and a standard combination regimen: initial hemostasis (97.6% vs. 98.0%, risk ratio (RR) = 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.97–1.02), 5-day rebleeding (15.9% vs. 6.6%, RR = 2.25, 95% CI = 0.87–5.77), treatment failure (9.6% vs. 6.7%, RR = 1.43, 95% CI = 0.54––3.75), 5-day mortality rates (0 vs. 0.7%, RR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.09–6.87), and 6-week mortality rates (2.9% vs. 3.0%, RR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.25–3.13). By contrast, sensitivity analysis suggested obvious clinical heterogeneity in 5-day rebleeding although an outlier study was identified. ConclusionIn patients with acute esophageal variceal bleeding after EVL, 5-day and 6-week mortality rates were similar regardless of vasoconstrictor use. However, considering the controversial 5-day rebleeding rate, short course of vasoconstrictor use based on current evidence may be reasonable.
Availability, prices, and affordability of selected essential cancer medicines in a middle-income country – the case of Mexico
Authors: Moye-Holz Daniela , Ewen Margaret , Dreser Anahi , Bautista-Arredondo Sergio , Soria-Saucedo Rene , Dijk Jitse P. van , Reijneveld Sijmen A. , Hogerzeil Hans V. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background: More alternatives have become available for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in low- and middle-income countries. Because of increasing demands, governments are now facing a problem of limited affordability and availability of essential cancer medicines. Yet, precise information about the access to these medicines is limited, and the methodology is not very well developed. Objective: To assess the availability and affordability of essential cancer medicines in Mexico, and compare their prices against those in other countries of the region. Methods: We surveyed 21 public hospitals and 19 private pharmacies in 8 states of Mexico. Data were collected on the availability and prices of 49 essential cancer medicines. Prices were compared against those in Chile, Peru, Brazil, Colombia and PAHO’s Strategic Fund. Results: Of the various medicines, mean availability in public and private sector outlets was 61.2% and 67.5%, respectively. In the public sector, medicines covered by the public health insurance “People’s Health Insurance” were more available. Only seven (public sector) and five (private sector) out of the 49 medicines were considered affordable. Public sector procurement prices were 41% lower than in other countries of the region. Conclusions: The availability of essential cancer medicines, in the public and private sector, falls below World Health Organization’s 80% target. The affordability remains suboptimal as well. A national health insurance scheme could serve as a mechanism to improve access to cancer medicines in the public sector. Comprehensive pricing policies are warranted to improve the affordability of cancer medicines in the private sector.
Longitudinal changes in blood-based biomarkers in chronic moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: preliminary findings
Authors: Schnakers Caroline , Divine James , Johnson Micah A. , Lutkenhoff Evan , Monti Martin M. , Keil Katrina M. , Guthrie John , Pouratian Nader , Patterson David , Jensen Gary , Morales Vanessa C. , Weaver Kathleen F. , Rosario Emily R. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background Little is known about the changes in blood-based biomarkers and their relation to outcome, years after TBI. This prospective study aims to provide preliminary evidence of longitudinal changes blood-based biomarkers that relate to changes in outcome measures and cerebral structure and activity.Methods Eight patients with moderate-to-severe TBI were recruited (7 males, 35 ± 7.6 years old, 5 severe TBI, 17.52 ± 3.84 months post-injury). The following data were evaluated at monthly intervals across 6 time-points: a) Blood-based biomarkers, including GFAP, NSE, S100A12, SDBP145, UCH-L1, T-tau, P-tau, and P-tau/T-tau ratio; b) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to evaluate changes in brain structure using FMRIB Software Library (FSL); c) Resting state electroencephalograms (EEG) to evaluate changes in brain function using EEGLAB; and d) Outcome measures to assess cognition, emotion and functional recovery (i.e., MOCA, RBANS, BDI-II and DRS).Results Changes in P-tau levels were found across time [p=0.007]. P-tau was positively related to functional [p<0.001] and cognitive [p=0.006] outcomes, and negatively related to the severity of depression, 6 months later [R=-0.901; p=.006]. P-tau and P-tau/T-tau ratio were also positively correlated to shape change in subcortical areas such as brainstem [T(7)=4.71, p=0.008] and putamen [T(7)=3.25, p = 0.012].Conclusions Our study provides preliminary findings that suggest a relationship between P-tau and the recovery of patients with chronic TBI. Further investigation in a larger cohort is warranted to validate this biomarker and better understand the mechanism of neural recovery in chronic patients.
Influencing factors of AF detection in cryptogenic stroke: A survey among neurologists in China
Authors: Bi Ying , He Quan-Wei , Lu Zuxun , Cao Shiyi , Shen Jing , Long Chunnan , Hu Bo , Cao Fei 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Background and Purpose— Atrial fibrillation (AF) detection is a cornerstone of cardioembolic stroke prevention and is especially recommended in patients initially diagnosed cryptogenic stroke, but few data exist about the extent of AF detection. This study aimed to investigate influencing factors of AF detection for cryptogenic stroke patients from neurologists’ perspective. Methods— A questionnaire survey was conducted from October 2016 to March 2018 and included neurologists from 42 hospitals in China. Respondents’ demographic characteristics, AF-related knowledge and education, attitude to AF detection and daily AF detection practice were surveyed. Pearson chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to identify neurologists characteristics independently associated with AF detection. Results— 611 neurologists were surveyed in this study and 53.0% reported always detecting AF among cryptogenic stroke patients. The main obstacles of AF detection were insufficient knowledge, high expense and inactive attitude. Those who received continuing medical education (training program) about AF detection (OR=2.25, CI[1.57, 3.23], p<0.001), who had positive attitude (OR=3.25,CI [2.24, 4.71], p<0.001) and who acquired graduate degree (OR=2.48, CI[1.21, 5.07], p=0.013) were more likely to detect AF in cryptogenic stroke patients. Neurologists who had worked in neurology over 20 years (OR=3.59, CI[1.61, 8.05], p=0.002), and who received continuing medical education (OR=1.82, CI[1.21, 2.58], p=0.001) were more likely to have an positive attitude to AF detection. Conclusions— Our survey suggested inadequate AF detection among neurologists, and continuing medical education was associated with neurologists’ attitude and AF detection behavior. More continuing medical education is required to increase the effective detection of AF and improve the quality of clinical practice.
Resveratrol: A New Potential Therapeutic Agent for Melanoma?
Authors: Pourhanifeh Mohamad Hossein , Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi Kazem , Goodarzi Mohammad , Piccirillo Sara G.M. , Shafiee Alimohammad , Hajighadimi Sarah , Moradizarmehri Sanaz , Asemi Zatollah , Mirzaei Hamed 
Published: December 2019

:
Melanoma is the most life-threatening and aggressive class of skin malignancies. The incidence
of melanoma has steadily increased. Metastatic melanoma is greatly resistant to standard antimelanoma
treatments such as chemotherapy, and the 5-year survival rate of cases with melanoma
who have a metastatic form of the disease is less than 10%. The contributing role of apoptosis, angiogenesis
and autophagy in the pathophysiology of melanoma has been previously demonstrated. Thus,
it is extremely urgent to search for complementary therapeutic approaches that could enhance the
quality of life of subjects and reduce treatment resistance and adverse effects. Resveratrol, known as a
polyphenol component present in grapes and some plants, has anti-cancer properties due to its function
as an apoptosis inducer in tumor cells, and anti-angiogenic agent to prevent metastasis. However,
more clinical trials should be conducted to prove resveratrol efficacy.

:
Herein, for the first time, we summarize the current knowledge of anti-cancerous activities of resveratrol
in melanoma.
Synthesis of Heterocyclic Triterpene Derivatives with Biological Activities via Click Reaction
Authors: Ngoc Thuc Dinh , Dehaen Wim , Meervelt Luc Van , Balzarini Jan 
Published: December 2019

:
Grignard reactions were applied to synthesize 2-ethynyl-2-hydroxylallobetulin
5 from 2-oxoallobetulin 4. The compound plays an important role as starting material to
synthesize heterocyclic triterpenes using the click reaction. A series of new 1,2,3-triazole
derivatives derived from 2-oxoallobetulin were successfully obtained. Under similar reaction
conditions, only one compound 6 kept the hydroxyl functional group, while in the
other compounds 7, 8 and 9, water was eliminated. The structures of obtained compounds
were confirmed by 2D-NMR spectroscopy. The X-ray analysis of 5 indicated that only one
isomer was obtained and in this compound, the hydroxyl group is situated on the same side
as the ether group, the ethynyl group being situated at the opposite side. All products were
also evaluated for their cytostatic activity in cell culture including L1210, CEM and Hela.
Several compounds showed measurable cytostatic activity in the micromolar range.
Topological Analysis of Electron Density in Large Biomolecular Systems
Authors: Grishina Maria A. , Potemkin Vladimir A. 
Published: December 2019

Background:A great step toward describing the structure of the molecular electron was made in the era of quantum chemical methods. Methods play a very important role in the prediction of molecular properties and in the description of the reactivity of compounds, which cannot be overestimated. There are many works, books, and articles on quantum methods, their applications, and comparisons. At the same time, quantum methods of a high level of theory, which give the most accurate results, are time-consuming, which makes them almost impossible to describe large complex molecular systems, such as macromolecules, enzymes, supramolecular compounds, crystal fragments, and so on.Objective:To propose an approach that allows real-time estimation of electron density in large systems, such as macromolecules, nanosystems, proteins.Methods:AlteQ approach was applied to the tolopogical analysis of electron density for “substrate - cytochrome” complexes. The approach is based on the use of Slater’s type atomic contributions. Parameters of the atomic contributions were found using high resolution X-ray diffraction data for organic and inorganic molecules. Relationships of the parameters with atomic number, ionization potentials and electronegativities were determined. The sufficient quality of the molecular electron structure representation was shown under comparison of AlteQ predicted and observed electron densities. AlteQ algorithm was applied for evaluation of electron structure of “CYP3A4 – substrate” complexes modeled using BiS/MC restricted docking procedure. Topological analysis (similar to Atoms In Molecules (AIM) theory suggested by Richard F.W. Bader) of the AlteQ molecular electron density was carried out for each complex. The determination of (3,-1) bond, (3,+1) ring, (3,+3) cage critical points of electron density in the intermolecular “CYP3A4 – substrate” space was performed.Results:Different characteristics such as electron density, Laplacian eigen values, etc. at the critical points were computed. Relationship of pKM (KM is Michaelis constant) with the maximal value of the second Laplacian eigen value of electron density at the critical points and energy of complex formation computed using MM3 force field was determined.Conclusion:It was shown that significant number of (3,-1) bond critical points are located in the intermolecular space between the enzyme site and groups of substrate atoms eliminating during metabolism processes.
Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate-assisted Synthesis and Natural Sunlight Photocatalytic Activity of La Bismuthate Nanorods
Authors: Qiu Fanglv , Wang Zi , Chen Hongjun , Ma Yue , Wu Hang , Yan Lu , Pei Lizhai , Fan Chuangang 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Removal of the organic pollutants using the photo-catalysts by the photocatalytic
treatment process under natural sunlight irradiation has attracted great attention owing to the
complete destruction of the organic pollutants. The La bismuthate nanorods possess good photocatalytic
performance for the removal of the methylene orange (MO) under the sunlight irradiation.

Objective:
The aim is to synthesize La bismuthate nanorods by hydrothermal method and research
the photocatalytic performance of the La bismuthate nanorods for MO degradation under sunlight
irradiation.

Methods:
La bismuthate nanorods have been synthesized by a simple sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate
(SDBS)-assisted hydrothermal method using sodium bismuthate and La acetate as the starting
materials. The obtained La bismuthate products were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy and solid UV-vis diffuse reflectance
spectrum.

Results:
With different SDBS concentration, hydrothermal temperature and reaction time, different
morphologies of the La bismuthate products were obtained. XRD analysis shows that the La bismuthate
nanorods obtained from 180°C for 24 h with 5wt.% SDBS are composed of orthorhombic
La1.08Bi0.92O3.03 phase. Electron microscopy observations show that the La bismuthate nanorods with
flat tips have the length of longer than 10 μm and diameter of about 20-100 nm, respectively. The
morphology and structure of the products are closely related to the SDBS concentration, hydrothermal
temperature and reaction time. Solid UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum shows that the band
gap of the La bismuthate nanorods is 2.37 eV. The La bismuthate nanorods show good photocatalytic
performance for the degradation of MO under the sunlight irradiation. MO solution with the concentration
of 10 mg.L-1 can be totally removed by 10 mg La bismuthate nanorods in 10 mL MO aqueous
solution under sunlight irradiation for 6 h.

Conclusion:
The photocatalytic performance for the removal of MO is dependent on the sunlight
irradiation time and dosage of the La bismuthate nanorods. The La bismuthate nanorods exhibit great
potential for the removal of organic pollutants.
Non-Motorized Trip Pattern in Sub-Saharan Africa: Assessment of Walk Trip
Authors: Busari Ayobami A 
Published: December 2019

Background:Walking as a parent mode of transportation has received little or no attention regarding planning, design, and development, thereby leading to chaotic outcomes when it comes to controlling and future estimation in most sub-Saharan Africa countries. This necessitated the research on the pertinent factors and variables that affect walking as a means of transportation in the study area, a semi-urban industrial cluster in South-Western Nigeria.Methods:One Thousand five hundred (1500) information cards were distributed for seven months. This was done to accumulate information on trip patterns, modal split, walk trip volume and so on. The data obtained was analysed using SPSS version 23.Results:The result revealed that 53.2% of the respondent engages in a walk trip every day either to access mode, access sub-mode or for recreation purposes. The commercial zone showed the highest percentage of walk trips of 40%. The mathematical model showed that age and walk trips are inversely proportional. Based on the result of the analysis, cost, safety and exercise are the primary reason why people engage in a walking trip. The R2value of 0.83 established the robustness of the model.Conclusion:The created model can be utilized for anticipating the future modular part by inputting anticipated future estimation of exploratory variables, which will also aid the planning of a better transport system for the locality. The lack of essential infrastructure poses a big problem for the utilisation of this mode of transportation.
La biblioteca del Colegio de San Gregorio: ¿un acervo para infantes indígenas catecúmenos?
Authors: Soberón Mora Arturo 
Published: December 2019

<p>Fundado a inicios del siglo XVII por los jesuitas para la instrucción religiosa, las primeras letras y la música de los hijos de los indios caciques de los alrededores de la ciudad de México, el Colegio de San Gregorio muy pronto se convirtió para los religiosos en centro de aprendizaje y práctica de las lenguas indígenas. En este trabajo se explora en qué medida las dos bibliotecas con que contó el plantel fueron instrumento activo de esa labor lingüística.</p>
Macarena Cordero, Rafael Gaune y Rodrigo Moreno (comp.), Cultura legal y espacios de justicia en América, siglos XVI-XIX
Authors: Cruz Enrique Normando , Koeltzsch Grit Kirstin 
Published: December 2019

Reseña sobre Macarena Cordero, Rafael Gaune y Rodrigo Moreno (comps.), <em>Cultura legal y espacios de justicia en América, siglos XVI-XIX, </em>Santiago de Chile, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Dirección de Bibliotecas, Archivos y Museos, Centro de Investigaciones Diego Barros Arana, 2017.
O PROGRAMA BOLSA FAMÍLIA EM CIDADES PEQUENAS DO NORDESTE DO BRASIL: O CASO DE ALCÂNTARAS E FRECHEIRINHA/CE
Authors: Diogo Bertoni Vasconcelos , Holanda Virgínia Célia Cavalcante de 
Published: December 2019

O presente trabalho é um estudo sobre os impactos do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) em duas cidades pequenas da Região Metropolitana de Sobral: Alcântaras e Frecheirinha. Para a realização desta pesquisa, realizamos trabalhos de campo e aplicação de questionários. São duas cidades com predomínio de atividades econômicas distintas. No entanto observamos que o PBF representa uma importante fonte de rendimento as famílias das duas cidades, que é utilizado na aquisição de bens e serviços, aumentando também o seu poder de compra, que por sua vez estimula a produção dos setores de atividades. Essa rotatividade tem impulsionado a economia gerando emprego e renda no comércio local e nas cidades vizinhas, impactando na vida de beneficiários e não beneficiários.

Palavras-chave: Cidades pequenas. Programa Bolsa Família. Beneficiários.
PENGEMBANGAN MATHEMATICS MOBILE LEARNING APPLICATION (MMLA)-SISTEM PERSAMAAN LINEAR DUA VARIABEL (SPLDV) UNTUK SISWA KELAS 8 SEBAGAI SUMBER PEMBELAJARAN MANDIRI BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Zefriyenni Zefriyenni , Mardhiyah Hayatul 
Published: December 2019

In the education required changes in the application of the development of teaching and learning methods to improve student interest in learning mathematics, especially in doing mathematics problems class VIII about the system of linear equations two variables. The low ability of students in the learning process and workmanship problems caused by various factors, such as learning systems used are still conventional. Therefore, the author helps SMP N 1 Pariangan to transform the learning resources of the book into digital form in accordance with the development of mobile device technology today, by making a mobile learning application. Mobile learning application displays about two-variable linear equation system, displaying learning materials , news menu, and task upload system. The application is made in the form of mobile application for android based mobile devices. With this mobile learning application can improve the ability, and facilitate students in learning mathematics about the system of linear equations two variables.
Keywords: Android Internet, Mobile Application, Mobile Learning, Spldv
PERSEPSI PENGGUNAAN SWISHMAX UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN OLEH GURU SEKOLAH DASAR DI GUGUS 3 KAMANG MAGEK KABUPATEN AGAM
Authors: Hendriyani Yeka , Delianti Vera Irma , Mursyida Lativa 
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this article is to find out the perceptions of primary school teachers on the use of Swishmax applications for the development of instructional media. Teachers' perceptions of the use of Swishmax applications for the development of instructional media are closely related to student learning achievement. Learning media generated with Swishmax applications that match the students' wishes will keep them motivated in learning. This article analyzes the data done descriptively. The data obtained in this article comes from questionnaire data and unstructured interview data. The result of this article is the perception of Swishmax's use for the development of instructional media by elementary school teachers in positive category.
Keywords: Perception Teachers, Instructional Media, Swishmax
Fatal status migrainosus in Chiari 1 malformation
Authors: Jokonya Luxwell , Makarawo Sydney , Mduluza-Jokonya Tariro Lavender , Ngwende Gift 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Headaches are common in Chiari Type 1 malformation (CM-1). The prevalence of migraine headaches in CM-1 is similar to that of the general population. However, when migraine headaches occur with CM-1, they tend to have an earlier age of onset, are more frequent and certainly more severe than when they occur without CM-1 association. The exact role or impact of CM-1 in migraine headaches has not been fully elucidated.

Case Description:
We report a fatal case of status migrainosus in 7 years old with CM-1 and review the literature on the possible associations.

Conclusion:
Migraines occurring in association with CM-1 pose a management challenge and can be potentially fatal especially if associated with autonomic symptoms. The exact pathophysiological interaction between these two conditions when they occur simultaneously needs to be further elucidated.