bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionic Exchange of Metal−Organic Frameworks for Constructing Unsaturated Copper Single‐Atom Catalysts for Boosting Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Ma Shenghua , Han Zheng , Leng Kunyue , Liu Xiaojie , Wang Yi , Qu Yunteng , Bai Jinbo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractRegulating the coordination environment of atomically dispersed catalysts is vital for catalytic reaction but still remains a challenge. Herein, an ionic exchange strategy is developed to fabricate atomically dispersed copper (Cu) catalysts with controllable coordination structure. In this process, the adsorbed Cu ions exchange with Zn nodes in ZIF‐8 under high temperature, resulting in the trapping of Cu atoms within the cavities of the metal−organic framework, and thus forming Cu single‐atom catalysts. More importantly, altering pyrolysis temperature can effectively control the structure of active metal center at atomic level. Specifically, higher treatment temperature (900 °C) leads to unsaturated Cu–nitrogen architecture (CuN3 moieties) in atomically dispersed Cu catalysts. Electrochemical test indicates atomically dispersed Cu catalysts with CuN3 moieties possess superior oxygen reduction reaction performance than that with higher Cu–nitrogen coordination number (CuN4 moieties), with a higher half‐wave potential of 180 mV and the 10 times turnover frequency than that of CuN4. Density functional theory calculation analysis further shows that the low N coordination number of Cu single‐atom catalysts (CuN3) is favorable for the formation of O2* intermediate, and thus boosts the oxygen reduction reaction.
Redescription of the cranial skeleton of the Early Devonian (Emsian) sarcopterygianDurialepis edentatusOtto (Dipnomorpha, Porolepiformes)
Authors: Mondéjar‐Fernández Jorge , Friedman Matt , Giles Sam 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPorolepiforms represent a clade of Devonian stem lungfishes, divided into the cosmine‐bearing and probably paraphyletic ‘Porolepidae’ (e.g.Porolepis,Heimenia) and the cosmine‐free and stratigraphically younger Holoptychiidae (e.g.Holoptychius,Glyptolepis,Laccognathus). Data on the dermoskeleton are available for both groups, but are more limited for ‘porolepids’. Here we present new information on the ‘porolepid’Durialepis edentatusfrom the Emsian (Early Devonian) of Germany based on micro‐computed tomography. The material comprises an articulated skull of a single three‐dimensionally preserved individual. The arrangement of the cheekbones ofDurialepis edentatusrecalls that ofPorolepis brevis, with the occurrence of two subsidiary squamosals. However, the parieto‐ethmoidal and postparietal shields are roughly equal in size, a condition similar to that ofGlyptolepis groenlandicaand intermediate betweenPorolepis brevisand holoptychiids. A large parasymphysial tooth plate displays five tooth rows with three large tusks in the median row, another intermediate arrangement between the primitive condition ofPorolepissp. (eight rows) and holoptychiids (five or fewer rows). Remarkably among porolepiforms, this dental plate is perfectly symmetrical. Despite the occurrence of cosmine and rhombic scales, the combination of traits displayed inDurialepisdeviates fromPorolepisin several ways, reflecting features shared with holoptychiids to the exclusion of other ‘porolepids’.Durialepis edentatusis thus a key addition to our knowledge of ‘porolepid’ anatomy. BecauseDurialepis edentatuspreserves much of the cranial and postcranial skeleton in a single individual, it represents a suitable early dipnomorph representative for inclusion in phylogenetic analyses on sarcopterygians and early osteichthyans.
A method for calculating the Lyapunov exponent spectrum of DC‐DC converter feeding with a switching constant power load
Authors: Huang Liangyu , Lu Yimin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractNonlinear dynamic behaviors such as the bifurcation and chaos of DC‐DC converters with switching constant power load are studied in this paper. Based on the consideration of constant power load switching, a discrete iterative mapping model of the system including the switching process is established, and its Lyapunov exponent spectrum algorithm is derived. The main procedure of the algorithm is as follows: Firstly, the system is divided into six smooth segments, and the zero‐time discontinuous mapping of the load and mode switching is introduced. Secondly, the local mapping of each smooth segment and the zero‐time discontinuous mapping of the switching phase are used to construct the composite Poincaré mapping of the system by the chain rule, and then the discrete iterative mapping model of the system is established. Finally, the Lyapunov exponent spectrum algorithm of the system is derived based on the model to determine the type of nonlinear dynamic behavior of the system. This algorithm overcomes the problems of the existing methods, which lead to inaccurate results due to the neglect of the switching process, and achieves the purpose of accurately describing the dynamic characteristics of power electronic circuits. The simulation and experimental results have verified the validity of the proposed model and algorithm. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quantification of soluble recalcitrant compounds in commercial thermal hydrolysis digestates
Authors: Svennevik Oda K. , Nilsen Pål J. , Solheim Odd E. , Westereng Bjørge , Horn Svein J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractSolid residues such as primary sludge (PS), waste activated sludge (WAS), and food waste (FW) can be stabilized through anaerobic digestion (AD). Application of the thermal hydrolysis process (THP) prior to AD results in several benefits in AD and dewatering. However, soluble recalcitrant compounds associated with Maillard reactions have been identified after THP which can impact downstream processes and water discharge limits. In this study, the soluble colloidal chemical oxygen demand, color, ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm and dissolved organic nitrogen in seven full‐scale THP facilities were quantified and compared. The THP substrate influenced the concentration of soluble melanoidin‐associated compounds in the digestates. THP implementation in five water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) was modeled and found to give a 3–8 mg/L increase on the water effluent COD concentration depending on the PS/WAS ratio. The results provide novel information useful in planning new WRRFs and optimization of existing facilities.Practitioner points

High amounts of WAS in substrate resulted in higher concentrations of CODsc, color and dissolved organic nitrogen in the digestate.

Food waste treated at 145°C showed equal or lower concentrations of all components compared with sludge operated at 165°C.

Installation of THP will increase the COD concentration in the water effluent of a water resource recovery facility.

The characteristics of the THP substrate are important to consider in cost/benefit analysis when planning the installation of THP.
The multi-Regge limit from the Wilson loop OPE
Authors: Bargheer Till , Chestnov Vsevolod , Schomerus Volker 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe finite remainder function for planar, color-ordered, maximally helicity violating scattering processes in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills theory possesses a non-vanishing multi-Regge limit that depends on the choice of a Mandelstam region. We analyze the combined multi-Regge collinear limit in all Mandelstam regions through an analytic continuation of the Wilson loop OPE. At leading order, the former is determined by the gluon excitation of the Gubser-Klebanov-Polyakov string. We illustrate the general procedure at the example of the heptagon remainder function at two loops. In this case, the continuation of the leading order terms in the Wilson loop OPE suffices to determine the two-loop multi-Regge heptagon functions in all Mandelstam regions from their symbols. The expressions we obtain are fully consistent with recent results by Del Duca et al.
Information radiation in BCFT models of black holes
Authors: Rozali Moshe , Sully James , Van Raamsdonk Mark , Waddell Christopher , Wakeham David 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this note, following [1–3], we introduce and study various holographic systems which can describe evaporating black holes. The systems we consider are boundary conformal field theories for which the number of local degrees of freedom on the boundary (cbdy) is large compared to the number of local degrees of freedom in the bulk CFT (cbulk). We consider states where the boundary degrees of freedom on their own would describe an equilibrium black hole, but the coupling to the bulk CFT degrees of freedom allows this black hole to evaporate. The Page time for the black hole is controlled by the ratio cbdy/cbulk. Using both holographic calculations and direct CFT calculations, we study the evolution of the entanglement entropy for the subset of the radiation system (i.e. the bulk CFT) at a distance d > a from the boundary. We find that the entanglement entropy for this subsystem increases until time a + tPage and then undergoes a phase transition after which the entanglement wedge of the radiation system includes the black hole interior. Remarkably, this occurs even if the radiation system is initially at the same temperature as the black hole so that the two are in thermal equilibrium. In this case, even though the black hole does not lose energy, it “radiates” information through interaction with the radiation system until the radiation system contains enough information to reconstruct the black hole interior.
Dysregulated signalling pathways in innate immune cells with cystic fibrosis mutations
Authors: Lara-Reyna Samuel , Holbrook Jonathan , Jarosz-Griffiths Heledd H. , Peckham Daniel , McDermott Michael F. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common life-limiting recessive genetic disorders in Caucasians, caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CF is a multi-organ disease that involves the lungs, pancreas, sweat glands, digestive and reproductive systems and several other tissues. This debilitating condition is associated with recurrent lower respiratory tract bacterial and viral infections, as well as inflammatory complications that may eventually lead to pulmonary failure. Immune cells play a crucial role in protecting the organs against opportunistic infections and also in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. Innate immune cells are generally affected by CFTR mutations in patients with CF, leading to dysregulation of several cellular signalling pathways that are in continuous use by these cells to elicit a proper immune response. There is substantial evidence to show that airway epithelial cells, neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages all contribute to the pathogenesis of CF, underlying the importance of the CFTR in innate immune responses. The goal of this review is to put into context the important role of the CFTR in different innate immune cells and how CFTR dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of CF, highlighting several signalling pathways that may be dysregulated in cells with CFTR mutations.
Toolbox zur Website-Evaluation: Erfassung der User Experience von Onlinegesundheitsinformationen
Authors: Thielsch Meinald T. , Salaschek Martin 
Published: May 2020

ZusammenfassungDas Internet ist heutzutage eine zentrale Quelle für Gesundheitsinformationen. Eine optimale Gestaltung von Webangeboten und E‑Health-Maßnahmen erfordert valide Evaluationen der Wahrnehmung von Nutzenden, der sogenannten User Experience. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes der Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA) wurde zu diesem Zweck eine Toolbox zur Website-Evaluation (für Screening und Monitoring) aus frei verfügbaren, quantitativ-empirischen Fragebögen zusammengestellt. Mit dieser lassen sich zentrale Aspekte der User Experience im Internet reliabel und valide erfassen. In diesem Beitrag sollen die Komponenten der Evaluationstoolbox, die zugrunde liegenden Qualitätskriterien sowie Erfahrungen aus dem Praxiseinsatz dargestellt werden.Das Ziel der Toolbox ist es, methodisch hochwertige, umfassende und zeitökonomische Analysen zu vereinfachen. Dokumentiert sind 9 standardisierte Fragebogeninstrumente sowie ergänzende Einzelitems aus 3 Bereichen. In der Standardvariante der Toolbox werden 35 Items verwendet, die in unter 10 min beantwortet werden können. Für eine erweiterte Untersuchung einer Website sind zusätzliche Verfahren zu Website-Inhalt, Usability (Gebrauchstauglichkeit) und Ästhetik dokumentiert. Sowohl Vorteile als auch Grenzen der Toolbox werden diskutiert und geben einen Ausblick auf mögliche zukünftige Weiterentwicklungen.
Nutzung von Gesundheitsinformationen im Internet: personenbezogene und motivationale Einflussfaktoren
Authors: Link Elena , Baumann Eva 
Published: May 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziele
Die Übernahme einer aktiven Patient*innen-Rolle kann nur auf einer entsprechenden Informationsgrundlage gelingen. Die eigene Suche nach Gesundheitsinformationen im Internet kann zu einer solchen adäquaten Wissensbasis beitragen. Daher erscheint es zentral zu fragen, was die derzeitige Nutzung von Onlineangeboten und Gesundheits-Apps in Deutschland auszeichnet und welche personenbezogenen und motivationalen Einflussfaktoren beeinflussen, ob und wie häufig die Bürger*innen online nach Gesundheitsinformationen suchen oder Gesundheits-Apps nutzen.

Methoden
Zur Beantwortung der Fragestellungen wurde eine an der deutschen Gesamtbevölkerung stratifizierte Onlinebefragung (N = 3000) durchgeführt. Der Fragebogen erfasste die gesundheitsbezogene Nutzung des Internets und von Apps sowie mögliche personenbezogene und motivationale Einflussfaktoren. Die Bedeutung dieser Faktoren für die Internetnutzung wurde mittels Regressionsanalysen ermittelt.

Ergebnisse
Die gesundheitsbezogene Informationssuche mittels Internet ist in Deutschland weitverbreitet, während Gesundheits-Apps noch deutlich seltener genutzt werden. Am häufigsten werden auf Gesundheitsportalen Informationen zu Krankheitssymptomen gesucht. Die Zuwendung zum Internet wird besonders durch motivationale Faktoren geprägt. Akute Betroffenheit von körperlichen Beschwerden und entsprechende Informationskompetenzen sind die einflussreichsten Faktoren für die Internetnutzung.

Diskussion
Um die mit der Informationssuche im Internet verbundenen Potenziale zu entfalten, ist es notwendig, dass sich Bürger*innen zur eigenen Suche motiviert und befähigt fühlen. Besonders entsprechende Fähigkeiten gilt es zu fördern, um das Risiko der Verstärkung informationaler, gesundheitlicher und sozialer Unterschiede zu reduzieren.
Defining the phenotype, pathogenesis and treatment of Crohn’s disease associated spondyloarthritis
Authors: Kumar Anand , Lukin Dana , Battat Robert , Schwartzman Monica , Mandl Lisa A. , Scherl Ellen , Longman Randy S. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPeripheral and axial spondyloarthritis are the most common extra-intestinal manifestations reported in patients with Crohn’s disease. Despite the frequency of Crohn’s disease associated spondyloarthritis, clinical diagnostic tools are variably applied in these cohorts and further characterization with validated spondyloarthritis disease activity indexes are needed. In addition, the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease associated spondyloarthritis is not well understood. Evidence of shared genetic, cellular, and microbial mechanisms underlying both Crohn’s disease and spondyloarthritis highlight the potential for a distinct clinicopathologic entity. Existing treatment paradigms for Crohn’s disease associated spondyloarthritis focus on symptom control and management of luminal inflammation. A better understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms in Crohn’s disease associated spondyloarthritis and the link between the gut microbiome and systemic immunity will help pave the way for more targeted and effective therapies. This review highlights recent work that has provided a framework for clinical characterization and pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease associated spondyloarthritis and helps identify critical gaps that will help shape treatment paradigms.
Human-scale lung regeneration based on decellularized matrix scaffolds as a biologic platform
Authors: Ohata Keiji , Ott Harald C. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLung transplantation is currently the only curative treatment for patients with end-stage lung disease; however, donor organ shortage and the need for intense immunosuppression limit its broad clinical application. Bioartificial lungs created by combining native matrix scaffolds with patient-derived cells might overcome these problems. Decellularization involves stripping away cells while leaving behind the extracellular matrix scaffold. Cadaveric lungs are decellularized by detergent perfusion, and histologic examination confirms the absence of cellular components but the preservation of matrix proteins. The resulting lung scaffolds are recellularized in a bioreactor that provides biomimetic conditions, including vascular perfusion and liquid ventilation. Cell seeding, engraftment, and tissue maturation are achieved in whole-organ culture. Bioartificial lungs are transplantable, similarly to donor lungs, because the scaffolds preserve the vascular and airway architecture. In rat and porcine transplantation models, successful anastomoses of the vasculature and the airway were achieved, and gas exchange was evident after reperfusion. However, long-term function has not been achieved because of the immaturity of the vascular bed and distal lung epithelia. The goal of this strategy is to create patient-specific transplantable lungs using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cells. The repopulation of decellularized scaffolds to create transplantable organs is one of possible future clinical applications of iPSCs.
Complete genome sequence of a novel toti-like virus from the plant-pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora cactorum
Authors: Poimala Anna , Vainio Eeva J. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis report describes the complete genome sequence of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus infecting the oomycetous plant pathogen Phytophthora cactorum. The virus genome consists of a single dsRNA segment of 5699 bp with two open reading frames predicted to overlap with each other and encoding a putative capsid protein of 705 aa and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of 779 aa. Sequence comparisons indicated that this virus, designated as “Phytophthora cactorum RNA virus 1” (PcRV1), shares the highest sequence similarity with the unclassified Pythium splendens RNA virus 1 (58% RdRp aa sequence identity). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these two oomycete viruses group together with Giardia lamblia virus (GVL; family Totiviridae) and several unclassified toti-like viruses from arthropods, fish and fungi. This is the first report of a toti-like virus in a member of the genus Phytophthora and the first virus characterized in P. cactorum.
Dynamic flows with adaptive route choice
Authors: Graf Lukas , Harks Tobias , Sering Leon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study dynamic network flows and introduce a notion of instantaneous dynamic equilibrium (IDE) requiring that for any positive inflow into an edge, this edge must lie on a currently shortest path towards the respective sink. We measure current shortest path length by current waiting times in queues plus physical travel times. As our main results, we show:

existence and constructive computation of IDE flows for multi-source single-sink networks assuming constant network inflow rates,

finite termination of IDE flows for multi-source single-sink networks assuming bounded and finitely lasting inflow rates,

the existence of IDE flows for multi-source multi-sink instances assuming general measurable network inflow rates,

the existence of a complex single-source multi-sink instance in which any IDE flow is caught in cycles and flow remains forever in the network.
The pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor obatoclax promotes differentiation and apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Opydo-Chanek Małgorzata , Cichoń Iwona , Rak Agnieszka , Kołaczkowska Elżbieta , Mazur Lidia 
Published: May 2020

SummaryOne of the key features of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the arrest of differentiation at the early progenitor stage of myelopoiesis. Therefore, the identification of new agents that could overcome this differentiation block and force leukemic cells to enter the apoptotic pathway is essential for the development of new treatment strategies in AML. Regarding this, herein we report the pro-differentiation activity of the pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor, obatoclax. Obatoclax promoted differentiation of human AML HL-60 cells and triggered their apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Importantly, obatoclax-induced apoptosis was associated with leukemic cell differentiation. Moreover, decreased expression of Bcl-2 protein was observed in obatoclax-treated HL-60 cells. Furthermore, differentiation of these cells was accompanied by the loss of their proliferative capacity, as shown by G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Taken together, these findings indicate that the anti-AML effects of obatoclax involve not only the induction of apoptosis but also differentiation of leukemic cells. Therefore, obatoclax represents a promising treatment for AML that warrants further exploration.
Scale and structure dependent solute diffusivity within microporous tissue engineering scaffolds
Authors: Offeddu Giovanni S. , Mohee Lakshana , Cameron Ruth E. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDiffusion of nutrients to cells cultured within three-dimensional scaffolds is fundamental for cell survival during development of the tissue construct, when no vasculature is present to aid transport. Significant efforts have been made to characterize the effect of structure on solute diffusivity in nanoporous hydrogels, yet a similar thorough characterization has not been attempted for microporous scaffolds. Here, we make use of freeze-dried collagen scaffolds, possessing pore sizes in the range 150–250 μm and isotropic or aligned morphology, to study the diffusivity of fluorescent dextran molecules. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching is used to measure the self diffusivity of the solutes within single pores, while Fickian diffusion over scales larger than the pore size is studied by assessing the solute concentration profile within the materials over time. We show that, not only do the morphological parameters of the scaffolds significantly affect the diffusivity of the solutes, but also that the assessment of such diffusivity depends on the length scale of diffusion of the molecules under investigation, with the resulting diffusion coefficients being differently affected by the scaffold structure. The results provided can guide the design of scaffolds with tailored diffusivity and nutrient concentration profiles.