bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel S1PR4 functional antagonist prevents nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by deactivating the NLRP3 inflammasome without causing lymphopenia
Authors: Lee Ki-Up , Koh Eun Hee , Hong Chung Hwan , Ko Myoung Seok , Kim Jae Hyun , Cho Hyunkyung , Lee Chi-Ho , Yoon Ji Eun , Yun Ji-Young , Baek In-Jeoung , Jang Jung Eun , Lee Seung Eun , Cho Yun Kyung , Baek Ji Yeon , Oh Soo Jin , Lee Bong Yong , Lim Joon Seo , Lee Jongkook , Hartig Sean , Fernandez-Checa Jose , Choi Ji Woong , Kim Sanghee 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors (S1PRs) are a group of G protein-coupled receptors that confer a broad range of functional effects in chronic inflammatory diseases and metabolic diseases. S1PRs may also be involved in the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the specific subtypes involved and the mechanism of action are unclear. Here we show that the livers of various mouse models of NASH as well as Kupffer cells had a particularly strong expression of S1pr4. Accordingly, genetic depletion of S1pr4 protected the mice against hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, SLB736, a novel selective functional antagonist of SIPR4 prevented diet-induced NASH in mice without lymphopenia. S1P increased the expression of S1pr4 in Kupffer cells and activated the NLRP3 inflammasome through PLC/IP3/IP3R-dependent [Ca++] signaling. SLB736 treatment or S1pr4 depletion in Kupffer cells inhibited LPS-mediated Ca++ release and deactivated the NLRP3 inflammasome. S1PR4 antagonism may be a novel therapeutic strategy for NASH.
INDÍGENAS KAINGANG DA COMUNIDADE FOXÁ, EM LAJEADO/RIO GRANDE DO SUL: DIREITO DE ACESSO AOS BENEFÍCIOS DA PREVIDÊNCIA SOCIAL
Authors: Laroque Luís Fernando da Silva , Silva Débora Pires Medeiros da , Pinheiro Fernanda Storck 
Published: November 2020

O trabalho tem por base diálogo com um servidor do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS) a respeito dos benefícios da Previdência Social requeridos por indígenas Kaingang. Os Kaingang, segundo IBGE (2012), correspondem a cerca de 38 mil pessoas aproximadamente e a comunidade estudada, denominada de Terra Indígena Foxá, localiza-se no contexto urbano do município de Lajeado /RS. O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em identificar os desafios do acesso aos direitos da Previdência Social por integrantes da comunidade indígena Kaingang Foxá. Do ponto de vista metodológico tratou-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e os procedimentos metodológicos consistiram em levantamento bibliográfico, documental e pesquisa de campo acerca do acesso dos direitos da Previdência Social por indígenas, a partir de relatos de um servidor do Instituto Nacional do Seguro Social (INSS). Por fim, contatou-se que não há benefícios previdenciários destinados aos Kaingang investigados devido a sua condição de índio, devendo essa população preencher os mesmos requisitos que os não índios quando na percepção de quaisquer benefícios da Previdência Social. Contudo, devido às atividades exercidas pelos indígenas, normalmente estes são enquadrados como segurados especiais, sendo a referida qualidade comprovada através da certidão emitida pela FUNAI que descreve a condição de índio e as atividades desenvolvidas.
PROGRAMA ESCOLA ACESSÍVEL: A POLÍTICA E O ÂMBITO ESCOLAR
Authors: Andrade Edson Francisco de , Santos Maviael Leonardo Almeida dos 
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar percepções sobre as repercussões do Programa Escola Acessível em uma escola estadual de Pernambuco/ Brasil. À luz da Análise de Conteúdo, tecemos considerações a partir de registros de observações in loco e de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com profissionais da educação e com alunos sobre a garantia de acessibilidades arquitetônica, comunicacional e didático-pedagógica à pessoa com deficiência no âmbito escolar. Nossas conclusões ressaltam medidas que potencializem o exercício da autonomia do aluno como eixo basilar das escolas acessíveis.
Effect of spent liquor recycle during hydrothermal carbonization on the properties of hydrochar
Authors: Xu Jie 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization is a feasible way to convert biomass into valuable hydrochar, the recycle of spent liquor during HTC is beneficial to reduce the output of spent liquor. The effects of spent liquor recycle on the properties of hydrochar and the biogas potential of spent liquor are investigated in this study. Part of the spent liquor (50% volume fraction) was recycled four times at 220 and 240 °C HTC, respectively. The results showed that the surface area of hydrochar was in the range of 7.2–8.6 m2/g after spent liquor recycle, and the peak of -OH, C = O and C-O became more intense. The Cd2+ adsorption capacity of hydrochar was around 1.3 mg/g and it decreased by 0.02–0.15 mg/g after spent liquor recycle. The biogas yield of spent liquor kept declining from 263 to 29 mL/g-COD with each cycle of spent liquor. Our results suggest that spent liquor recycle is a promising method to improve hydrothermal carbonization process.
Recent In Vitro and In Silico Advances in the Understanding of Intranasal Drug Delivery
Authors: Chen John , Martin Andrew R. , Finlay Warren H. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Many drugs are delivered intranasally for local or systemic effect, typically in the form
of droplets or aerosols. Due to the high cost of in vivo studies, drug developers and researchers often turn to in
vitro or in silico testing when first evaluating the behavior and properties of intranasal drug delivery devices
and formulations. Recent advances in manufacturing and computer technologies have allowed for increasingly
realistic and sophisticated in vitro and in silico reconstructions of the human nasal airways.

Objective:
The study aims to perform a summary of advances in the understanding of intranasal drug delivery
based on recent in vitro and in silico studies.

Conclusion:
The turbinates are a common target for local drug delivery applications, and while nasal sprays are
able to reach this region, there is currently no broad consensus across the in vitro and in silico literature concerning
optimal parameters for device design, formulation properties and patient technique which would maximize
turbinate deposition. Nebulizers can more easily target the turbinates, but come with the disadvantage of
significant lung deposition. Targeting of the olfactory region of the nasal cavity has been explored for the potential
treatment of central nervous system conditions. Conventional intranasal devices, such as nasal sprays
and nebulizers, deliver very little dose to the olfactory region. Recent progress in our understanding of intranasal
delivery will be useful in the development of the next generation of intranasal drug delivery devices.
Drug Re-purposing Approach and Potential Therapeutic Strategies to Treat COVID-19
Authors: Reddy Eeda Koti , Battula Srisravanthi , Anwar Shaik , Sajith Ayyiliath M 
Published: November 2020

:The current pandemic of COVID-19 caused by SARS-Cov-2 has posed a severe threat to the whole world with its highly infectious, progressive nature with up to 10% mortality rates. The severity of the situation faced by the whole world and the lack of efficient therapeutics to treat this viral disease have led the WHO to depend on the drug-repurposing approach to tackle this major global health problem. This review aims at highlighting the various synthetic approaches employed for the synthesis of these FDA approved drugs that have been presently used for COVID-19 treatment. Additionally, a brief overview of several therapeutic strategies is also presented. This review will encourage the scientific community across the globe to come up with better and efficient synthetic protocols and also novel chemical entities along with this core with more potent activity.
A New Approach Against Some Oral Pathogenic Bacteria Using a Chimeric Antimicrobial Peptide Derived from the Camel Milk; Lactoferrampin - Lactoferricin Chimer
Authors: Mohammadipour Hamideh Sadat , Akbari Majid , Tanhaeian Abbas , Pourgonabadi Solmaz , Sekandari Salehe , Karimian Elnaz 
Published: November 2020

Objectives:
The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of the recombinant chimer present
in the lactoferrampin-lactoferricin [LFA-LFC] derived from the camel milk on some oral bacteria responsible for dental
caries and endodontic failures.

Methods and Materials:
The antimicrobial activity was assessed on the Streptococcus mutans [ATCC 35668], Streptococcus
salivarius [ATCC 9222], Streptococcus oralis [ATCC 35037], and Enterococcus faecalis [ATCC 29212], using the microbroth
dilution method. The cytotoxicity analysis was done through the MTT method on the human gingival fibroblasts.
The data were reported using the descriptive methods, and were analyzed by the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
and Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test.

Results:
Results showed that the chimeric peptide had the highest bacteriostatic effect on S. salivarius with the lowest minimum
inhibitory concentration value of 1.22 μg/Ml. Also, LFA-LFC chimer was more effective against S. mutans and S. salivarius
compared to using 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash. The minimum bactericidal concentration analysis showed the
most bactericidal effect against S. mutans [1.256 μg/mL]. In spite of greater antibacterial effect on the evaluated streptococci,
this peptide showed the lower bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties against E. faecalis compared to the chlorhexidine.
Based on cytotoxicity assay, over 50% of the cells were viable in all the evaluation times demonstrating the biocompatibility
of the peptide.

Conclusion:
The LFA-LFC chimer revealed comparable or even more effective antibacterial properties compared to the
chlorhexidine against the caries-inducing bacteria with no toxicity on the human gingival fibroblast cells. So, this peptide
can be used as a safe alternative to the chlorhexidine and other chemicals in the dental applications for prevention and management
of the dental caries.
Nutrient and Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis-evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Development of Products with Mulberry Leaves (Mulberry indica L.)
Authors: Sireesha Guttapalam , Sri Nallapu K.V. 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Mulberry leaves are highly nutritious. They are loaded with powerful
plant compounds like polyphenol antioxidants, as well as vitamin C, zinc, calcium, iron, potassium,
phosphorus, and magnesium.

Objective:
The main aim of the study is to determine the nutrient and phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial
activity, and development of products with mulberry (Morus indica L.) dry leaves powder.

Methods:
Mulberry leaves were collected from the field and dried, and their powder was used for
further analysis. Four products were developed using mulberry powder, they are mulberry roti, mulberry
poori, mulberry namkeens, and mulberry sweet namkeens.

Results:
The nutrient composition of mulberry leaves contains protein 19 g, calcium 581 mg, iron
21 mg, vitamin-A 9.21 μg, and vitamin-C 18 mg per 100 gm of dried mulberry powder. The important
phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, tannins and glycosides,
were present. In the antimicrobial activity, mulberry had the efficiency to fight against the bacterial
activity. From the four food products, mulberry sweet namkeens obtained a good sensory score.

Conclusion:
Many nutritional benefits and medicinal values are associated with Mulberry, therefore
its consumption is good for health.
Drug-free Nanotherapies for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Shende Pravin , Saini Prashant 
Published: November 2020

Background:
In the diagnosis, management and treatment of cancer, numerous technological advancements have
been explored in the past few years to find better applications over the conventional treatment approaches. However, their
implementation in clinical practice leads to severe and toxic effects to the healthy tissues. Drugs in the form of actives
impart cytotoxic effect but concurrently produce undesirable changes on normal tissues. Moreover, serum half-life and
intra-tumor accumulation limit an effective cancer treatment for therapeutic agents.

Objective:
The objective of this review is to promote the significance of nanotherapy in cancer by strategizing drug-free
macromolecules in contrast to conventional methodologies.

Methods:
This unique concept covers molecularly-imprinted polymers, nanopolymer complex systems, metal nanoparticles,
carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, grafted polymer-based systems and drug-free macromolecular therapeutics for effective
and selective therapeutic action.

Results:
In advance drug delivery systems, target-specific therapy indicates great potential to improve the efficacy of
therapeutics by reducing adverse events to other parts of the body, but is restricted due to adverse reactions at the therapeutic
site. To resolve such complications, drug-free nanotherapy approaches act as an alternative system against conventional
carriers for treating organ-specific cancers like head, neck, lung, breast, prostate, kidney, etc.

Conclusion:
The drug-free approaches in various diseases will provide entirely new perception in order to avoid or reduce
the side and adverse effects of drugs.
Therapeutic Agents for COVID-19: an Overview
Authors: Manna Sreejan , Mal Mainak , Bhowmik Manas , Mandal Dipika 
Published: November 2020

Background::
The pathological agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel
coronavirus termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 has
its origin in Wuhan, China, and spread to other provinces of China and subsequently to other countries
resulting in a pandemic worldwide. The virus is extremely contagious and causes pneumonia and respiratory
failure. Since its emergence, researchers around the world are trying to develop vaccines and
find suitable drugs for the treatment of COVID-19.

Objective::
To give an overview of the various therapeutic agents for COVID-19 such as vaccines and
drugs that are in preclinical stage or under different stages of clinical trials.

Results::
As per World Health Organization (WHO), there are 137 vaccines under development to date,
out of which few vaccines have successfully completed preclinical studies and reached clinical trials.
According to the present scenario, only one coronavirus vaccine (sputnik-V) has been approved by the
Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Till date, there are no United States Food and Drug Administration
(USFDA) approved drugs to treat COVID-19 patients. However, depending on patient’s
condition, different drugs such as antiviral agents like Remdesivir, antimalarial drugs like Hydroxychloroquine,
antibiotics like Azithromycin and corticosteroids like Dexamethasone are being applied
and some of them have proved to be effective up to a certain extent.

Conclusion::
Although several vaccines for COVID-19 are under development and various drugs have
been tried for its treatment, an ideal drug candidate or a vaccine is still lacking. Almost all the big
pharmaceutical companies are associated with one or more research initiatives in order to develop
vaccines and drugs. Many of them are going through clinical stages, expecting a positive outcome by
the end of 2020.
Pre-service Teachers' Representations About Children's Learning: A Pilot Study
Authors: Pedditzi Maria L. , Nonnis Marcello 
Published: November 2020

Background:Research on teachers' representations of children's learning is currently ongoing.
Social representations are common-sense theories built and shared in everyday interactions. Their analysis can detect the possible differences between teachers’ naïve beliefs and scientific learning theories.

Objective: The objective of this pilot study is to analyse the beliefs about children’s learning of a group of teachers. The beliefs will be related to the most acknowledged learning theories.

Methods: A mixed methods research was employed to analyse 100 pre-service teachers’ representations of the origins of learning and the psychological processes involved.

Results: It emerged from the results that the teachers interviewed consider children’s learning mainly as culturally acquired, which reveals the prevailing constructivist conception of learning. Many pre-service primary school teachers, however, tend to see learning as mere ‘transfer of information’; many pre-service kindergarten teachers perceive learning as ‘behaviour modification’. The most considered psychological aspects are ‘knowledge’ and ‘acquisition’, while emotions are barely considered.

Conclusion: Linking implicit theories and disciplinary theories could support pre-service teachers in integrating the theory and the practice of learning so as to understand the way their models influence their educational choices.
Proposal for a 4-type Classification of Acne: An Evidence-Based Review of the Literature
Authors: Prapapan O. , Chatchavarn C. C. , Suvanprakorn P. , Neumann H. A. M. , Knobler R. , Prombandankul A. , Siriapaipun K. 
Published: November 2020

Background:Proper evidence-basedclassification and grading of a disease such as acne are important in guiding medical practitioners to properly diagnose diseases and treat patients.Objective:This is a review of the present classification of acne in order to delineate modified approaches of acne treatment.Methods:The available literature was reviewed, including searches from 7 databases based on the terms “classification of acne vulgaris and pathophysiology”, according to evidence-based medicine using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.Results:From a total of 10,121 studies on acne classification, 51 full-text articles were assessed and 13 studies were included after screening for acne classification.Conclusion:The European-evidence-based guideline (EDF) classification fits best. We propose a modified classification in 4 categories to improve the management of each stage of acne.
The Magnitude of Suicidal Behavior among People Living with Diabetes Mellitus Attending an Outpatient Department of Alamata General Hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia 2019: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gebreselassie Abreha Tsegay , Metekiya Workua Mokenen , Gebrehiwot Birhane 
Published: November 2020

Background:
Globally, suicide accounts for 75% in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Though the magnitude of suicidal behavior in High-income Countries (HIC) is higher relative to the general population, limited studies had explored suicidal behavior among medical outpatients in LMICs including this locality. Suicidal behaviors among people with the chronic medical illness are one of the commonest psychiatric emergencies that demand a major health concern by researchers and mental health task forces. People with chronic medical illnesses show suicidal ideation and attempt which are fatal problems to end life. Therefore, this study will address the gaps by determining the magnitude of suicidal behavior among Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients in an outpatient setting of Alamata General Hospital (AGH).

Methods:
Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical patients attending a chronic care clinic in Alamata general Hospital from May to June 2019. A sample of 146 DM patients who were attending an outpatient chronic care clinic was included in the study. Suicidal behavior was assessed by the World Health Organization (WHO) suicidal behavior assessment through software called Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 25.

Results:
The magnitude of suicidal behavior among Diabetes Mellitus patients at AGH was 30.8%, 15.8% had suicidal ideation, 14.4% had a suicidal attempt and 15.1% of them had the plan to commit suicide.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of suicidal behavior was found to be significantly high in Diabetes Mellitus patients. Hence, it is important to conduct more interventions to assess the suicidal behavior symptoms among Diabetes Mellitus patients.
Investigation of Health-Promoting Lifestyle and its Determinants Among Students of Medical Sciences in Iran
Authors: Amiri Mohammad , Khosravi Ahmad , Aboozarzadeh Niloofar , Khojasteh Leila , Sadeghi Zakieh , Raei Mehdi 
Published: November 2020

Background:
A person's lifestyle plays an important role in his health. This study aimed at determining thehealth-promoting lifestyle and its related factors among the medical students of Shahroud Islamic Azad University.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, a total of500 students of medical sciences were selected using the stratified random sampling method and they completed the health-promoting lifestyle, self-efficacy, and well-being questionnaires. The collected data were entered into SPSS 16 and were analyzed with a T-test, Chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient, and a backward regression model.

Results:
The mean age of the students was 22.25±1.45 and 65% of the participants were female. The mean scores of health-promoting lifestyle, well-being, and self-efficacy were 134.1±23.85, 14.41±5.09, and 41.67±8.05, respectively. Among the students, 32.8% had a health disorder and only 2.2% had a high self-efficacy. Well-being and self-efficacy were statistically correlated with the health-promoting lifestyle (p<0.001). The results showed that out of 17 independent variables, only 4 variables of educational level, academic year, marital status, well-being were the best predictors of health-promoting lifestyle.

Conclusion:
More than 90% of students had low self-efficacy and more than 30% of them did not have good well-being. Moreover, the health-promoting lifestyle of students was moderate. More attention to the above areas, such as well-being status and applying required interventions, can help to improve the situation.
A Review on Emerging Trend of Medical Armour - Nanorobot
Authors: Gupta Aparna , Singh Lalit 
Published: November 2020

Background::
Prevention and control of infected cell growth is the major task to work in
the medical field and this enforces the formulary scientists to develop such dosage forms or devices
that can eradicate such medical issues and provide ease to the patient. So, with this
viewpoint, in the current scenario, scientists are working on such approaches, which can easily
reach the suffering site to diagnose and treat such medical issues.

Objective::
This analytical work mainly aims towards assessing some approach, which assists the
system to reach the suffering site easily and rapidly as well as work on the site for better therapeutic
benefit. This may be achieved by developing a nanorobot, which is the finest nanotechnology
that can act as a medical armor for fighting against dreadful diseases like cancer.

Methods:
It is able to deal at a molecular level with precision at nanoscale measurement. They are
often known by the name nanomedicines, which can deliver the payload (drug) at the site of action.

Result::
Nanorobot offers a number of advantages over present methods of drug delivery like improved
bioavailability, targeting the site of action, fewer surgeon mistakes, and capable of reaching
out to devious areas of the body. Nanorobots are manufactured with the complete integration of onboard
sensors, power supplies, motors, manipulators, and molecular computers. Their generation
was originated from the idea of carbon nanotubes.

Conclusion::
Nanorobot may bring up a new era in the field of nanotechnology. So, nanorobots are
emerging as a beneficial tool for the treatment of various human diseases and are bringing improvement
in the human biological system.