bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EDA H-mode in ASDEX Upgrade: scans of heating power, fueling, and plasma current
Authors: Gil Luís , Pütterich Thomas , Silva C , Hachmeister Daniel , Conway Garrard D , David Pierre , Faitsch Michael , Fischer Rainer , Happel Tim , Kallenbach Arne , Santos Jorge Manuel , Silva António , Stober Joerg , Stroth Ulrich , Viezzer Eleonora , Wolfrum Elisabeth 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) staircase discharges in strongly shaped plasmas were performed at the full-tungsten ASDEX Upgrade tokamak to investigate the enhanced Dα (EDA) H-mode, a high-confinement regime without edge localized modes (ELMs) that exhibits numerous desirable qualities for future reactors. Heating power, fueling, and plasma current scans reveal rich dynamics as the plasma traverses different confinement regimes. The L-H transition typically occurs with a brief I-phase, sometimes followed by a short nonstationary ELM-free H-mode, before the quasi-coherent mode (QCM) sets in, marking the start of the EDA H-mode. After the pedestal fully develops, the plasma remains stationary until the heating power is raised above a certain threshold, causing ELMs. A novel criterion based on the normality of the divertor shunt current distribution is introduced to identify phases with ELMs, showing general applicability under a wide range of discharges and conditions. The no-ELM power boundary is found to increase with fueling, and too little deuterium gas puff results in a pathological nonstationary ELM-free H-mode without the QCM. Empirical scalings are derived for core, pedestal, and global parameters in EDA H-mode. These show, for example, that pedestal electron pressure increases sublinearly with power and almost quadratically with current. Line-averaged density is approximately proportional to plasma current but very weakly affected by power and fueling, whereas energy confinement time decreases sublinearly with power and increases supralinearly with current. The EDA H-mode achieves several reactor-relevant dimensionless parameters, most notably high Greenwald fraction and confinement enhancement factor over the entire heating power range. This dataset constitutes a versatile resource to plan EDA experiments in present and upcoming devices, also serving as a testbed for validating physics-based theories and models of the regime. Overall, the EDA H-mode remains promising and could become an important no-ELM scenario in future reactors such as SPARC and the full-tungsten ITER.
Thermophoretic effect in natural photonics: Holographic study
Authors: Simovic Pavlovic Marina , Grujic Dusan , Pagnacco Maja C. , Bokic Bojana , Vasiljevic Darko , Verbiest Thierry , Kolaric Branko 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Natural photonic structures allow us to reveal and mold the thermophoretic effect at the nanoscale within condensed matter systems. In this paper, for the first time, holography has been exploited to disclose conditions that determine the strength and dynamics of the thermophoretic effect. We experimentally revealed the link between geometry and nano-corrugation of biological structures that shapes the power of thermophoresis. The presented study opens enormous possibilities for harnessing thermophoretic effect in various bioinspired sensing applications uniquely merging the fields of photonics and mechanics.&#xD;
Predicting the mechanical properties of concrete incorporating metakaolin, rice husk ash, and steel fibers using machine learning
Authors: Singh Amrinder , Gill Anhad Singh , Kontoni Denise-Penelope N 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The demand for sustainable concrete is a priority in the current era. The construction industry is actively working to mitigate the environmental impact of cement production in concrete by incorporating alternative and supplementary cementitious materials and reducing carbon emissions. Metakaolin (MK) and rice husk ash (RHA) have become popular in this context due to their pozzolanic properties. This study aims to predict the compressive strength (CS), split tensile strength (STS), and flexural strength (FS) of concrete incorporating MK and RHA with the addition of steel fibers. It examines the influence of several factors, including cement, MK, RHA, water, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, steel fiber, superplasticizer usage, and concrete age. To achieve this, the study combined experimental work with existing data from the literature. Various machine learning (ML) models, including linear regression, support vector machines, Gaussian process regression, and artificial neural networks (ANN), were employed to analyze and assess the impact on strength characteristics including CS, STS, and FS. The dataset was divided into training and testing subsets, and statistical analyses were conducted to explain the relationships between the input parameters and CS. The ANN model demonstrated superior precision in predicting CS, STS, and FS compared to the other ML models. The findings suggest that the ANN model, utilizing the identified input parameters, can accurately estimate the CS, STS, and FS of concrete with MK, RHA, and steel fibers. The application of such technologies in the construction sector can enable the rapid and cost-effective assessment of material properties and the influence of various input parameters.
Early Modern Neurodiversity Studies
Authors: Irish Bradley J. 
Published: February 2025

Early modern neurodiversity studies is an emerging field that considers the literature and culture of the Renaissance (c. 1500–1700) through the lens of neurodiversity: the fact that human minds naturally vary in their cognitive, emotional, and sensory functioning. Emerging from the context of early modern disability studies, this scholarship primarily interrogates forms of early modern neurodivergence, or less common neurological styles that diverge from what the culture typically assumes to be the norm. Research in this field addresses literary neurodiversity in a variety of ways, such as identifying fictional and historical individuals who may be viewed in terms of neurodivergence, considering literary elements such as genre and style in terms of neurodivergence, and examining how early modern literature is engaged by modern students, scholars, and other audiences who identify as neurodivergent. The analysis of neurodiversity and neurodivergence is one of the most exciting new areas of inquiry in early modern studies, and it promises to radically reshape how we think about Renaissance literature and culture.
Automated pupillometry is a predictor of outcome of stroke patients: an observational, prospective, cohort study
Authors: Scala Irene , Miccoli Massimo , Di Giovanni Jacopo , Cerulli Fabiana , Rizzo Pier A , Bellavia Simone , Vitali Francesca , Colò Francesca , Abruzzese Serena , della Marca Giacomo , Guglielmi Valeria , Brunetti Valerio , Di Iorio Riccardo , Broccolini Aldobrando , Profice Paolo , Calabresi Paolo , Monforte Mauro , Frisullo Giovanni 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Automated Pupillometry (AP) is a rapid, non-invasive tool to assess the pupillary light reflex, extensively used for monitoring patients with traumatic brain injury. In acute ischemic stroke, quantitative tools to monitor neurological status and predict outcome are lacking. This study aims to evaluate the ability of AP to predict stroke outcome, defined trough the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores. In this observational, cohort study, we enrolled adult patients with anterior circulation stroke admitted to the stroke unit of a comprehensive stroke center between 2021 and 2024 who underwent AP evaluation within 72 hours of stroke onset. Exclusion criteria were: intracranial hypertension, severe eye diseases, pathologies involving the autonomic nervous system, and lack of 3-month follow-up data. The AP evaluation was repeated three consecutive times in each patient using the NPi-200® and mean parameters of the two eyes and those of the eye homolateral and contralateral to the ischemic lesion were considered. Mann-Whitney U-test, t-test and χ2-tets were used for univariate comparisons. Binary and ordinal multivariable logistic regression were used for the adjusted analysis. The primary outcome measure was the dichotomization of the three-month mRS of 0-2 vs 3-6. Secondary outcomes were the score on the 3-month mRS, 3-month dichotomization of mRS 0-3 vs 4-6, three-month and in-hospital death. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were computed to evaluate the prognostic ability of AP. Two-hundred and nine patients (123 men, median age 75 years) were included in the study. Among included patients, 11 (5.3%) died during the hospital stay and 124 (59.33%) had a 3-month mRS&lt;3. In multivariable logistic regression models corrected for all possible confounders, a low dilatation velocity (DV) in the eye homolateral to the stroke lesion was an independent predictor of poor prognosis, defined as both mRS&gt;2 and mRS&gt;3 at three months (p=0.028 and p=0.024, respectively). Furthermore, homolateral DV resulted to be a significant predictor of a shift towards a better outcome on the three-month mRS in the ordinal logistic regression (p=0.036). A DV≥0.865 mm/s was able to predict a good stroke outcome at 90 days with 60% sensitivity and specificity (area under the curve 0.651; p&lt;0.001). No other AP parameters were independent predictors of stroke outcome. A reduction in the DV in the eye ipsilateral to the ischemic lesion is associated with poor in-hospital and 3-month stroke outcome and it could be useful for identifying patients who need a tailored monitoring and treatment path to improve their prognosis.
Comparing rates of molecular and morphological evolution identifies multiple speciation trajectories in a diverse radiation of skinks
Authors: Schembri Rhiannon , Bromham Lindell , Moritz Craig , Hua Xia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There is increasing recognition that the process of species divergence is not uniform across the tree of life, and that newly diverged taxa may differ in their levels of phenotypic and genetic divergence. We investigate the relationship between phenotypic and genetic differentiation across the speciation continuum using sister pairs from a large ecologically diverse radiation of Australian skinks, the Tribe Eugongylini, a high-quality alignment of genomic sequence data, and morphometric data for 90 lineages across the radiation. Based on the framework proposed by Struck et al. (2018) for comparative study of species divergence, we used latent class regression to test for multiple speciation “trajectories”. We found evidence for multiple relationships between genetic divergence and morphological disparity for recently diverged sister taxa, which we summarise into two broad patterns. One of these patterns is characterised by relatively rapid morphological differentiation for pairs with greater disparity in environmental variables, consistent with expectations of ecological speciation. The second pattern shows accumulation of both morphological and genetic differences in proportion to each other, consistent with gradual speciation. Our study shows how heterogeneity in speciation processes can be captured in a comparative framework.
Screening Aging And Homelessness
Authors: Capp Rose , VandenBosch Jim 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This special issue on Homelessness and Older Adults offers us the opportunity to consider how both fiction and non-fiction films address this topic and what kinds of insights they offer. In exploring this significant issue, we decided to address fiction and non-fiction films separately. Rose Capp discusses a selection of feature fiction films from the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom, while Jim VandenBosch explores an expansive range of short and feature length documentaries from Portland to Finland.
Emerging mechanism and Therapeutic Potential of Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Related Nerve System Tumor: Advancing Insights into Tumor Development
Authors: Yu Xuan , Gu Yihui , Liu Jun , Huang Jingxuan , Li Qingfeng , Wang Zhichao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disorder resulting from mutations in the NF1 gene, which increases susceptibility to various nervous system tumors, including plexiform neurofibromas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, and optic pathway gliomas. Recent research has shown that these tumors are intricately connected to the complex, dynamic interactions within neurons, culminating in neuronal signaling that fosters tumor growth. These interactions offer crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning tumor development, as well as broader implications for therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the mechanisms through which mutations in the NF1 gene within neural tissues trigger tumorigenesis, while examining the role of the neuron—via factors such as visual experience, neurotransmitter, tumor microenvironment, and psychological influences—in both promoting tumor progression and being affected by the tumors themselves. By investigating the dynamic relationship between NF1-associated nervous system tumor cells and neurons, we aim to shed light on novel biological pathways and disease processes, emphasizing the potential of interdisciplinary approaches that combine neurobiology, oncology, and pharmacology to enhance treatment strategies and even inhibit the tumorigenesis.
Sultan Muhammad Shah Aga Khan III
Authors: Mukherjee Swati 
Published: February 2025

Born in 1877 in Karachi into an illustrious family that left Qajar Persia and sought shelter in colonial India, Sultan Muhammad Shah became the forty-eighth Imam of the Nizari Ismaʿili branch of the Shiʿa Muslims at the tender age of eight. Succeeding his father Ali Shah Aga Khan II (b. 1830–d. 1885) as the Shiʿa Ismaʿili community’s spiritual leader in 1885, a genealogy traced back to the son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad, that is, Imam Ali, Sultan Muhammad Shah Aga Khan III held office of the imamate until his demise in 1957. During his imamate the Nizari Ismaʿilis witnessed momentous socioreligious reforms in the face of colonial modernity, with early experiments beginning in South Asia and parts of Africa but gradually radiating outward along transregional and increasingly global pathways. Yet, there were also critiques and schisms. Striking at once a delicate balance between an Enlightenment-inspired European modernity and a reassertion of core Shiʿa Ismaʿili traditions, Aga Khan III guided and repositioned the Nizari Ismaʿili community amid the changing politico-social exigencies in colonial South Asia as well as in the larger global arena. This was made possible not only in the realm of ideas and abstract notions but effectively on the ground thanks to a robust institutional framework that forged a global community of believers subsumed within a larger pan-Islamic vision under the auspices of the imamate. Yet, distinctive denominational traits were not only retained but were recast within the mold of the burgeoning institutional enterprise. Indeed, such features were often argued to be the very fount of the community’s strength and resilience amid the vicissitudes of historical processes. Furthermore, an important feature of this venture of institutionalization was the guiding vision to both conceptualize and articulate within its institutional mechanism discourses of social service and community development, gradually also marking the early stirrings of an enduring process that went on to cater to a much larger audience beyond the Ismaʿili community. This period thus marked the emergence of a modern Ismaʿili community under the guidance of an imamate that had come to redefine its leadership in terms of a significantly expanded role. It also left behind a template for the succeeding imam of the time, Shah Karim Aga Khan IV (b. 1936–), to emulate and further build on. Much of this history, however, becomes better intelligible when read against the larger backdrop of the 19th-century developments in colonial South Asia. The present article provides a critical review of the existing corpus of English-language scholarship in this field.
Personhood and the Body
Authors: Farman Abou , Tuckett Miranda 
Published: February 2025

As an analytic category in anthropology proper, personhood dates only to Marcel Mauss’s 1938 seminal essay on the topic, “A Category of the Human Mind: The Notion of Person; The Notion of Self.” But as a central concern in European and American legal and philosophical thought it dates back much further—indeed, as Mauss himself points out, its genealogy may well be traced to Roman law where it appears as a way of distinguishing aspects of a public persona (legal and political) from a private or metaphysical identity. For Mauss, coming from a Durkheimian lineage where a key distinction was between organism and social being, the category of person offered the possibility of carving out a domain of analysis for the social sciences, distinct from the ascendant biological, cognitive, psychological, and metaphysical forms which were increasingly describing the figure of the human through essentialized, universal, and materially reductive determinations. Thus, only two years after Mauss, AR Radcliffe-Brown 1940 elaborates on functionalism in the essay “On Social Structure,” by writing: “Every human being living in society is two things: he is an individual and he is also a person. As an individual he is a biological organism. . . . . The human being as a person is a complex of social relationships. . . . ” In other words, the person has had analytic and moral value for the social sciences precisely in so far as it could be separated from a materially-determined (and thereby also racialized and sexed) body. And yet, given the metaphysical ambiguities and juridicopolitical histories (including the history of slavery and modern race-making), the separation has never been clean; neither have personhood and humanity been neatly coterminous categories. Yet it is precisely this tangle that has generated the dynamic anthropological reflections on the overlaps and separations of persons, bodies, and things across cultures and histories, especially in light of the perennial anthropological problem of translation across languages and cultural forms. Today, with increasing technological intervention into bodies and minds around the globe, the distinction has become more salient if muddled and so the tangle has rather thickened. As rivers, mountains and robots gain status as persons, the criteria of personhood and the secular human behind it are expanding beyond the older metaphysical assumptions that divided the world into humans and things, thus raising new questions about what it is to have mind or to have body, and to have philosophical, legal, and political frameworks around these.
Artists in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Brazil
Authors: Brienen Rebecca 
Published: February 2025

The drawings and paintings created in the colony of Dutch Brazil (1630–1654) represent the global reach of Dutch-sponsored artistic production in the seventeenth century. Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen (b. 1604–d. 1679) was a German count, a cousin of Dutch Stadholder Frederick Hendrick, and Dutch Brazil’s only colonial governor. He arrived in northeastern Brazil (present-day Recife) in 1637; by 1640 his retinue likely included up to three professional painters from the Netherlands: Frans Post (b. 1612–d. 1680) of Haarlem, Albert Eckhout (b. c. 1607–d. c. 1666) of Groningen, and the little-known Utrecht artist Abraham Willaerts (b. c. 1613–d. 1669). They were joined in Brazil by Dutch physician Willem Piso (b. 1611–d. 1678) and German natural historian Georg Marggrafe (b. 1610–d. 1644). During their time in Brazil, these men studied the human population, the plants and animals, the topography, and even the constellations of the South American colony. Together, they created the first written and visual record by Europeans of their interaction with Brazil. Post is known for his landscapes of Brazil, some produced in situ, and others that became the staple of his post-Brazilian career. Topographical drawings and a series of natural history studies may also be attributed to the artist. Engravings after his designs also appeared in Dutch humanist Caspar Barlaeus’s 1647 history of Dutch Brazil, Rerum per octennium in Brasilia. Eckhout’s Brazilian oeuvre includes life-sized images, often called ethnographic portraits, of the men and women of the colony (excluding Europeans); paintings of fruits and vegetables grown in Brazil; and a large corpus of drawings and oil studies on paper. Many of the latter were used for woodcuts in Marggrafe and Piso’s 1648 Historia Naturalis Brasiliae. Later European work by Eckhout included tapestry cartoons and Brazilian-inspired ceiling paintings. Willaerts was a marine specialist whose oeuvre includes a recently identified View of Recife from 1640. While Piso was not artistically inclined, Marggrave created maps, and multiple watercolors of Brazilian flora and fauna have also been attributed to him. The German quartermaster Zacharias Wagener was not part of the governor’s official retinue, nor was he a trained artist. Nonetheless, his Thierbuch copied and interpreted works by the colony’s official artists. Piso, Marggrafe, Eckhout, Post, and possibly Willaerts were not leading artists or scientists in the Dutch Republic when they were chosen for this remarkable experience. They had training, but more importantly, they were young, unwed, and likely interested in traveling to the New World as a means of making a name for themselves.
Engineering a microfluidic-assisted 3D bioprinting approach for the hierarchical control deposition and compartmentalisation of graded bioinks
Authors: Serpe Federico , Iafrate Lucia , Bastioli Marco , Marcotulli Martina , Sanchini Caterina , De Turris Valeria , D’Orazio Michele , Palmisano Biagio , Mencattini Arianna , Martinelli Eugenio , Riminucci Mara , Casciola Carlo Massimo , Ruocco Giancarlo , Scognamiglio Chiara , Cidonio Gianluca 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe advent of 3D bioprinting has revolutionised tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). Today, tissues of single cell type can be printed with extreme resolution and printing fidelity. However, the ultimate functionality of the desired tissue is limited, due to the absence of a multicellular population and diversity in micro-environment distribution. Currently, 3D bioprinting technologies are facing challenges in delivering multiple cells and biomaterials in a controlled fashion. The use of interchangeable syringe-based systems has often favoured the delamination between interfaces, greatly limiting the fabrication of interconnected tissue constructs. Microfluidic-assisted 3D bioprinting platforms have been found capable of rescuing the fabrication of tissue interfaces, but often fails to guarantee printing fidelity, cell density control and compatimentalisation. Herein, we present the convergence of microfluidic and 3D bioprinting platforms into a new deposition system capable of harnessing a microfluidic printhead for the continuous rapid fabrication of interconnected functional tissues. The use of flow-focusing and passive mixer printhead modules allowed for the rapid and dynamic modulation of fibre diameter and material composition, respectively. Cells were compartmentalised into discrete three-dimensional layers with defined density patterns, confirming the punctual control of the presented microfluidic platform in arranging cells and materials in 3D.In ovoandin vivostudies demonstrated the functionality of 3D bioprinted constructs with patterned vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), respectively. This, in turn, facilitated the simulation of diverse cellular environments and proliferation pathways within a single construct, which is currently unachievable with conventional 3D bioprinting techniques, offering new opportunities for the fabrication of functionally graded materials and physiologically-relevant skeletal tissue substitutes.