bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The heart rate method for estimating oxygen uptake: analyses of reproducibility using a range of heart rates from commuter walking
Authors: Schantz Peter , Salier Eriksson Jane , Rosdahl Hans 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe heart rate method, based on the linear relation between heart rate and oxygen uptake, is potentially valuable to monitor intensity levels of physical activities. However, this depends not least on its reproducibility under standard conditions. This study aims, therefore, to evaluate the reproducibility of the heart rate method in the laboratory using a range of heart rates associated with walking commuting.MethodsOn two different days, heart rate and oxygen uptake measurements were made during three submaximal (model 1) and a maximal exercise intensity (model 2) on a cycle ergometer in the laboratory. 14 habitual walking commuters participated. The reproducibility, based on the regression equations from test and retest and using three levels of heart rate from the walking commuting, was analyzed. Differences between the two models were also analyzed.ResultsFor both models, there were no significant differences between test and retest in the constituents of the regression equations (yintercept, slope andrvalue). Neither were there any systematic differences in estimated absolute levels of VO2between test and retest for either model. However, some rather large individual differences were seen in both models. Furthermore, no significant differences were seen between the two models in slopes, intercepts andrvalues of the regression equations or in the estimated VO2.ConclusionThe heart rate method shows good reproducibility on the group level in estimating oxygen consumption from heart rate–oxygen uptake relations in the laboratory, and based on three levels of heart rate which are representative for walking commuting.
Demenz und Lebensstil
Authors: Benke Thomas 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Da derzeit keine wirksame Pharmakotherapie zur Verfügung steht, ist ein alternatives Konzept ins Blickfeld des Interesses gerückt: der Kampf gegen die Demenz durch Reduktion modifizierbarer Risikofaktoren. Viele Studien belegen den Nutzen einer gezielten Risikoreduktion, die auf eine Verzögerung des kognitiven Abbaus und des Demenzbeginnes abzielt. Maßnahmen der Demenzprävention mit erwiesener Wirksamkeit sind: die Kontrolle von vaskulären, metabolischen und psychiatrischen Erkrankungen, eine umfassende Förderung von Schul- und Berufsausbildung, regelmäßiges körperliches Training und kognitive Aktivierung sowie die Schaffung eines günstigen sozialen Milieus.
Die Lebensstilanpassung muss bereits früh beginnen und ein Leben lang beibehalten werden. Zukünftige Studien sind notwendig, um einen praktisch verwendbaren Präventionsplan zu erstellen, der auf einzelne Personen und ihr individuelles Demenzrisiko zugeschnitten ist.
Periodontal status of children with primary immunodeficiencies: a systematic review
Authors: Halai H. , Somani C. , Donos N. , Nibali Luigi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this systematic review was to appraise the existing literature on periodontal disease in children affected by different types of neutrophil-associated primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs).

Methods
A PRESS-validated search strategy was developed to search through databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS, Google Scholar and Open Grey. All included studies were assessed for methodological quality and risk of bias.

Results
One hundred eighteen articles reporting on 160 PID patients were included for qualitative analysis. The majority (70%) were individual case reports. Clinical and radiographic manifestations of the periodontal disease included poor oral hygiene, generalised alveolar bone loss, severe gingival inflammation, increased pocket depths, tooth mobility and gingival recession. For most studies, the primary intervention was periodontal treatment in the form of scaling and root planing or dental extractions. Stabilisation of the periodontal condition varied between different PIDs. In severe congenital neutropenia (SCN), 61% of cases reported stabilisation of the periodontal condition, while for all other PIDs, ‘stability’ was reported in less than 43% of cases.

Conclusion
The published literature suggests that patients with PIDs can present with severe periodontitis and that conventional treatment approaches have limited benefits.
Technical recommendations for clinical translation of renal MRI: a consensus project of the Cooperation in Science and Technology Action PARENCHIMA
Authors: Mendichovszky Iosif , Pullens Pim , Dekkers Ilona , Nery Fabio , Bane Octavia , Pohlmann Andreas , de Boer Anneloes , Ljimani Alexandra , Odudu Aghogho , Buchanan Charlotte , Sharma Kanishka , Laustsen Christoffer , Harteveld Anita , Golay Xavier , Pedrosa Ivan , Alsop David , Fain Sean , Caroli Anna , Prasad Pottumarthi , Francis Susan , Sigmund Eric , Fernández‐Seara Maria , Sourbron Steven 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Purpose
The potential of renal MRI biomarkers has been increasingly recognised, but clinical translation requires more standardisation. The PARENCHIMA consensus project aims to develop and apply a process for generating technical recommendations on renal MRI.

Methods
A task force was formed in July 2018 focused on five methods. A draft process for attaining consensus was distributed publicly for consultation and finalised at an open meeting (Prague, October 2018). Four expert panels completed surveys between October 2018 and March 2019, discussed results and refined the surveys at a face-to-face meeting (Aarhus, March 2019) and completed a second round (May 2019).

Results
A seven-stage process was defined: (1) formation of expert panels; (2) definition of the context of use; (3) literature review; (4) collection and comparison of MRI protocols; (5) consensus generation by an approximate Delphi method; (6) reporting of results in vendor-neutral and vendor-specific terms; (7) ongoing review and updating. Application of the process resulted in 166 consensus statements.

Conclusion
The process generated meaningful technical recommendations across very different MRI methods, while allowing for improvement and refinement as open issues are resolved. The results are likely to be widely supported by the renal MRI community and thereby promote more harmonisation.
The tumor vasculature an attractive CAR T cell target in solid tumors
Authors: Akbari Parvin , Huijbers Elisabeth J. M. , Themeli Maria , Griffioen Arjan W. , van Beijnum Judy R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
T cells armed with a chimeric antigen receptor, CAR T cells, have shown extraordinary activity against certain B lymphocyte malignancies, when targeted towards the CD19 B cell surface marker. These results have led to the regulatory approval of two CAR T cell approaches. Translation of this result to the solid tumor setting has been problematic until now. A number of differences between liquid and solid tumors are likely to cause this discrepancy. The main ones of these are undoubtedly the uncomplicated availability of the target cell within the blood compartment and the abundant expression of the target molecule on the cancerous cells in the case of hematological malignancies. Targets expressed by solid tumor cells are hard to engage due to the non-adhesive and abnormal vasculature, while conditions in the tumor microenvironment can be extremely immunosuppressive. Targets in the tumor vasculature are readily reachable by CAR T cells and reside outside the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. It is therefore hypothesized that targeting CAR T cells towards the tumor vasculature of solid tumors may share the excellent effects of CAR T cell therapy with that against hematological malignancies. A few reports have shown promising results. Suggestions are provided for further improvement.
Naturalisation and Immigrant Earnings: Why and to Whom Citizenship Matters
Authors: Peters Floris , Schmeets Hans , Vink Maarten 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The notion that naturalisation matters for the economic integration of immigrants is well established in the literature, but why and to whom that is, remains surprisingly ambiguous. The citizenship premium is traditionally assumed to result from increased labour market access and positive signalling towards employers, but these mechanisms fail to explain increased earnings derived from paid employment, which has been the predominant focus in most studies. We argue that naturalisation needs to be understood in the context of the life course, as immigrants anticipate rewards and opportunities of citizenship acquisition by investing in their human capital development. Insofar as naturalisation subsequently leads to higher earnings, we expect that the citizenship premium mostly reflects better employment opportunities rather than access to better paying jobs. To test these assumptions, we use high-quality register data from Statistics Netherlands, covering the period 1999–2011. These data contain almost all registered foreign-born individuals in The Netherlands (N = 74,531) and allow us to track immigrant cohorts over time. Results show that naturalisation confers a one-time boost in earnings after naturalisation, but particularly for migrants from economically less developed countries and unemployed migrants. Furthermore, earnings develop faster leading up to naturalisation than afterwards, consistent with the notion of anticipation. The relevance of citizenship for employed immigrants in part results from an increase in working hours, but is not explained by variation in labour market sectors. We conclude that citizenship matters in terms of earnings from labour, but that its impact is not universal and manifests predominantly leading up to naturalisation.
Social-ecological drivers and dynamics of seagrass gleaning fisheries
Authors: Furkon  , Nessa Natsir , Ambo-Rappe Rohani , Cullen-Unsworth Leanne Claire , Unsworth Richard Kazimierz Frank 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Invertebrate gleaning (walking) fisheries are common within intertidal seagrass meadows globally, contributing to the food supply of hundreds of millions of people, but understanding of these fisheries and their ecological drivers are extremely limited. The present study provides a unique analysis of these fisheries using a combined social and ecological approach. Catches contained 34 species and were dominated by Bivalves, Urchins and Gastropods. CPUE in all sites varied from 0.05 to 3 kg gleaner−1 hr−1, respectively, with the majority of fishers being women and children. Landings were of major significance for local food supply and livelihoods at all sites. Local ecological knowledge suggests seagrass meadows are declining in line with other regional trends. Increasing seagrass density significantly and positively correlated with CPUE of the invertebrate gleaning (r = 0.830) highlighting the importance of conserving these threatened habitats. Understanding the complexities of these fisheries, their supporting habitats and their sustainability is important for the support of sustainable coastal livelihoods.
Balancing the Potential Vorticity Seesaw: The Bare Essentials of Baroclinic Instability
Authors: O’Brien Enda 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper bypasses the mathematical technicalities of baroclinic instability and tries to provide a more conceptual, mechanistic explanation for a phenomenon that is fundamentally important to the dynamics of the earth’s atmosphere and oceans. The standard conceptual picture of baroclinic instability is reviewed and stripped down to identify the most essential features. These are: (a) Regions with both positive and negative potential vorticity (PV) gradients, (b) separate Rossby wave perturbations in each region where PV gradients are of different signs, and (c) cooperative phase locking between Rossby waves in regions of opposite PV gradient, which renders them stationary, and allows them to amplify to reduce the background temperature gradient (or baroclinicity) while still conserving total PV. These three factors constitute the “counterpropagating Rossby wave” perspective, and suggest the heuristic picture of a “PV seesaw”, which remains balanced as the instabilities (i.e., the phase-locked PV wave perturbations) grow out along opposite limbs. After reviewing the key characteristics of PV and Rossby waves, the process is illustrated by the spontaneous onset of baroclinic instability during spin-up of the Held–Suarez dynamical core atmospheric model.
The longitudinal evaluation of familial frontotemporal dementia subjects protocol: Framework and methodology
Authors: Boeve Bradley , Bove Jessica , Brannelly Patrick , Brushaber Danielle , Coppola Giovanni , Dever Rielly , Dheel Christina , Dickerson Bradford , Dickinson Susan , Faber Kelley , Fields Julie , Fong Jamie , Foroud Tatiana , Forsberg Leah , Gavrilova Ralitza , Gearhart Debra , Ghoshal Nupur , Goldman Jennifer , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Graff‐Radford Neill , Grossman Murray , Haley Dana , Heuer Hilary , Hsiung Ging‐Yuek Robin , Huey Edward , Irwin David , Jones David , Jones Lynne , Kantarci Kejal , Karydas Anna , Knopman David , Kornak John , Kraft Ruth , Kramer Joel , Kremers Walter , Kukull Walter , Lapid Maria , Lucente Diane , Mackenzie Ian , Manoochehri Masood , McGinnis Scott , Miller Bruce , Pearlman Rodney , Petrucelli Len , Potter Madeline , Rademakers Rosa , Ramos Eliana Marisa , Rankin Kate , Rascovsky Katya , Sengdy Pheth , Shaw Les , Syrjanen Jeremy , Tatton Nadine , Taylor Joanne , Toga Arthur , Trojanowski John , Weintraub Sandra , Wong Bonnie , Wszolek Zbigniew , Boxer Adam , Rosen Howard ,   on Behalf of the LEFFTDS Consortium
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionIt is important to establish the natural history of familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration (f‐FTLD) and provide clinical and biomarker data for planning these studies, particularly in the asymptomatic phase.MethodsThe Longitudinal Evaluation of Familial Frontotemporal Dementia Subjects protocol was designed to enroll and follow at least 300 subjects for more than at least three annual visits who are members of kindreds with a mutation in one of the three most common f‐FTLD genes—microtubule‐associated protein tau, progranulin, or chromosome 9 open reading frame 72.ResultsWe present the theoretical considerations of f‐FTLD and the aims/objectives of this protocol. We also describe the design and methodology for evaluating and rating subjects, in which detailed clinical and neuropsychological assessments are performed, biofluid samples are collected, and magnetic resonance imaging scans are performed using a standard protocol.DiscussionThese data and samples, which are available to interested investigators worldwide, will facilitate planning for upcoming disease‐modifying therapeutic trials in f‐FTLD.
Adoption of infection prevention and control practices by healthcare workers in Québec: A qualitative study
Authors: Dubé Eve , Lorcy Armelle , Audy Nathalie , Desmarais Nadia , Savard Patrice , Soucy Chantal , Bassetto Samuel , Rajon Mathilde , Brunet Fabrice , Barbir Caroline , Quach Caroline 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjective:To describe barriers and facilitators to the adoption of recommended infection prevention and control (IPC) practices among healthcare workers (HCWs).Methods:A qualitative research design was used. Individual semistructured interviews with HCWs and observations of clinical practices were conducted from February to May 2018 in 8 care units of 2 large tertiary-care hospitals in Montreal (Québec, Canada).Results:We interviewed 13 managers, 4 nurses, 2 physicians, 3 housekeepers, and 2 medical laboratory technologists. We conducted 7 observations by following IPC nurses (n = 3), nurses (n = 2), or patient attendants (n = 2) in their work routines. Barriers to IPC adoption were related to the context of care, workplace environment issues, and communication issues. The main facilitator of the IPC adoption by HCWs was the “development of an IPC culture or safety culture.” The “IPC culture” relied upon leadership support by managers committed to IPC, shared belief in the importance of IPC measures to limit healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), collaboration and good communication among staff, as well as proactivity and ownership of IPC measures (ie, development of local solutions to reduce HAIs and “working together” toward common goals).Conclusions:Adoption of recommended IPC measures by HCWs is strongly influenced by the “IPC culture.” The IPC culture was not uniform within hospital and differences in IPC culture were identified between care units.
On the effect of coalescence on the rheology of emulsions
Authors: De Vita Francesco , Rosti Marco Edoardo , Caserta Sergio , Brandt Luca 
Published: October 2019

We present a numerical study of the rheology of a two-fluid emulsion in dilute and semidilute conditions. The analysis is performed for different capillary numbers, volume fractions and viscosity ratios under the assumption of negligible inertia and zero buoyancy force. The effective viscosity of the system increases for low values of the volume fraction and decreases for higher values, with a maximum for approximately 20 % concentration of the disperse phase. When the dispersed fluid has lower viscosity, the normalised effective viscosity becomes smaller than 1 for high enough volume fractions. To single out the effect of droplet coalescence on the rheology of the emulsion we introduce an Eulerian force which prevents merging, effectively modelling the presence of surfactants in the system. When the coalescence is inhibited the effective viscosity is always greater than 1 and the curvature of the function representing the emulsion effective viscosity versus the volume fraction becomes positive, resembling the behaviour of suspensions of deformable particles. The reduction of the effective viscosity in the presence of coalescence is associated with the reduction of the total surface of the disperse phase when the droplets merge, which leads to a reduction of the interface tension contribution to the total shear stress. The probability density function of the flow topology parameter shows that the flow is mostly a shear flow in the matrix phase, with regions of extensional flow when the coalescence is prohibited. The flow in the disperse phase, instead, always shows rotational components. The first normal stress difference is positive, except for the smallest viscosity ratio considered, whereas the second normal difference is negative, with their ratio being constant with the volume fraction. Our results clearly show that the coalescence efficiency strongly affects the system rheology and that neglecting droplet merging can lead to erroneous predictions.
Tri-Party Repo Pricing
Authors: Hu Grace Xing , Pan Jun , Wang Jiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe document the central role of collateral in the pricing of tri-party repos. Markets are competitive for repos with safe collateral but are severely segmented for repos with risky collateral, such as equities and low-grade corporate bonds. Fund families are the sole contributors to the segmentation, and collateral concentration is the main determinant in the substantial variation in repo pricing, both across and within segments. The segmented structure points to Fidelity as a systemically important player and the markets potential fragility. Facing market segmentation, dealers optimize financing costs by allocating their collateral across fund families.
Shame, Face and Social Relations in Northern China: Ramifications for Social Assistance Provision
Authors: Yang Lichao , Walker Robert , Xie Jian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhile it is increasingly recognized that shame is a pernicious component of the experience of poverty, the stigma generally associated with social assistance provision is less marked with respect to China's Minimum Living Security System, also known asdibao. This enigma is explored and illuminated drawing on two streams of indigenous Chinese scholarship and qualitative fieldwork in eight villages in Shanxi province. Economic and political changes prioritizing economic growth and individual wealth have increased the shame associated with poverty, manifest as loss of face, lowmian(status) and lack oflian(integrity). However, this shame does not transfer todibaobecause the scheme has been transformed locally into a universal age supplement that partially fulfils the demands of filial piety and which is seen to reflect and contribute toguanxi(social influence).
Effects of a Korean version of the metacognitive training program for outpatients with schizophrenia on theory of mind, positive symptoms, and interpersonal relationships
Authors: Park Sungwon , Lee Hye Kyung , Kim Hyunlye 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground:Since the significance of metacognition as the theoretical basis of a psychological intervention for schizophrenia first emerged, there have been ongoing attempts to restore or strengthen patients’ metacognitive abilities.Aim:A Korean version of the metacognitive training (MCT) program was developed, and its effects on theory of mind, positive and negative symptoms, and interpersonal relationships were examined in stable outpatients with schizophrenia.Method:A pre-test–post-test design with a control group was used. The participants were 59 outpatients (30 in experimental group, 29 in control group) registered at five mental health facilities in a city in South Korea. The developed MCT program was applied for a total of 18 sessions, 60 min per session, over a period of 14 weeks. The hinting task, false belief task, Scale for the Assessment of Positive and Negative Symptoms, and Relationship Change Scale were used to verify the effects of this program. Data were analysed by the chi-square test,t-test, and Mann–WhitneyU-test using the SPSS/PASW 18.0 statistics program.Results:The general characteristics, intelligence, and outcome variables of the two groups were homogeneous. After the intervention, the experimental group showed significant improvements in theory of mind, positive and negative symptoms and interpersonal relationships compared with the control group.Conclusion:These results suggest that the MCT program can be a complementary psychotherapy that contributes to symptom relief and interpersonal functioning in patients with schizophrenia, and is effective in the Korean culture, beyond the Western context.
Low vitamin B12 level and vitamin D level adversely affect on cochlear health in women
Authors: Karaer Isil , Akalın Yahya 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The aim of this study is to examine the association between low serum vitamin B12 levels and low serum vitamin D levels and cochlear health in women. A prospective case–control study was carried out in the Department of Otolaryngology, Malatya Training and Research Hospital between 2017–2018. Thirty (30) patients with vitamin B12 deficiency (a mean age of 32.5 ± 1.7 years(y) women); 30 patients with vitamin D deficiency (a mean age of 32.3 ± 1.58 y women) and 30 controls (a mean age of 27.8 ± 1.48 y women) were recruited. The study participants have no evidence of symptomatic hearing loss. Transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) of the study participants were recorded. A comparative analysis of the parameters revealed that results at TEOAE 1,2,3,4 kHz (p = 0.013, p = 0.002, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively) and at DPOAE 1, 2, 6 kHz ( p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively) were somewhat lower in patients with vitamin B12 deficient group when compared with the controls. Moreover, TEOAE 3,4 kHz (p = 0.005, p = 0.013 respectively) and DPOAE 1,2,6 kHz (p = 0.005, p = 0.01, p = 0.031, respectively) were lower in the vitamin D deficiency group compared with the controls. There was a significant association between both vitamin B12 deficiency and vitamin D deficiency and cochlear health. Patients with vitamin B12 and vitamin D deficiency should be evaluated for cochlear function.