bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De novo thrombotic microangiopathy in two kidney transplant recipients from the same deceased donor: A case series
Authors: Roberts Daniel , Siegman Ingrid , Andeen Nicole , Woodland David , Deloughery Thomas , Rueda Jose , Olyaei Ali , Rehman Shehzad , Norman Doug , Lockridge Joe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a recognized and serious complication of renal transplantation. Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), a subset of TMA, occurs in the setting of dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway and can cause disease in native kidneys as well as recurrence in allografts. De novo TMA represents a classification of TMA post‐transplant in the absence of clinical or histopathological evidence of TMA or aHUS in the native kidney. De novo TMA is a more heterogeneous syndrome than aHUS and the pathogenesis and risk factors for de novo TMA are poorly understood. The association between calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) and de novo TMA is controversial. Anti‐complement blockade therapy with eculizumab is effective in some cases, but more studies are needed to identify appropriate candidates for therapy. We present two cases of de novo TMA occurring immediately in recipients from the same deceased donor and provoking the question of whether deceased donor‐related factors could represent risks for developing de novo TMA.
Pharmacodynamic Effects of Topical Omiganan in Patients With Mild to Moderate Atopic Dermatitis in a Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled, Phase II Trial
Authors: Niemeyer‐van der Kolk Tessa , van der Wall Hein , Hogendoorn Geretta K. , Rijneveld Rianne , Luijten Sascha , van Alewijk Dirk C.J.G. , van den Munckhof Ellen H.A. , de Kam Marieke L. , Feiss Gary L. , Prens Errol P. , Burggraaf Jacobus , Rissmann Robert , van Doorn Martijn B.A. 
Published: April 2020

Omiganan is an indolicidin analog with antimicrobial properties that could be beneficial for patients with atopic dermatitis. In this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase II trial we explored the efficacy, pharmacodynamics, and safety of topical omiganan once daily in 36 patients with mild to moderate atomic dermatitis. Patients were randomized to apply topical omiganan 1%, omiganan 2.5%, or vehicle gel to one target lesion once daily for 28 consecutive days. Small but significant improvements in local objective SCORing Atopic Dematitis index and morning itch were observed in the omiganan 2.5% group compared with the vehicle gel group (−18.5%; 95% confidence interval, −32.9 to −1.0; P = 0.04; and −8.2; 95% confidence interval, −16.3 to −0.2; P = 0.05, respectively). A shift from lesional to nonlesional skin microbiota was observed in both omiganan treatment groups, in contrast to the vehicle group. Thus, treatment with topical omiganan improved dysbiosis in patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis, and small but statistically significant improvements in clinical scores were detected. Our findings warrant further exploration in future clinical trials.
Clinical and Autoimmune Characteristics of Severe and Critical Cases of COVID‐19
Authors: Zhou Yaqing , Han Tao , Chen Jiaxin , Hou Can , Hua Lei , He Shu , Guo Yi , Zhang Sheng , Wang Yanjun , Yuan Jinxia , Zhao Chenhui , Zhang Jing , Jia Qiaowei , Zuo Xiangrong , Li Jinhai , Wang Liansheng , Cao Quan , Jia Enzhi 
Published: April 2020

In this study we report on the clinical and autoimmune characteristics of severe and critical novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome‒associated coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). The clinical, autoimmune, and laboratory characteristics of 21 patients who had laboratory‐confirmed severe and critical cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) from the intensive care unit of the Huangshi Central Hospital, Hubei Province, China, were investigated. A total of 21 patients (13 men and 8 women), including 8 (38.1%) severe cases and 13 (61.9%) critical cases, were enrolled. Cough (90.5%) and fever (81.0%) were the dominant symptoms, and most patients (76.2%) had at least one coexisting disorder on admission. The most common characteristics on chest computed tomography were ground‐glass opacity (100%) and bilateral patchy shadowing (76.2%). The most common findings on laboratory measurement were lymphocytopenia (85.7%) and elevated levels of C‐reactive protein (94.7%) and interleukin‐6 (89.5%). The prevalence of anti‒52 kDa SSA/Ro antibody, anti‒60 kDa SSA/Ro antibody, and antinuclear antibody was 20%, 25%, and 50%, respectively. We also retrospectively analyzed the clinical and laboratory data from 21 severe and critical cases of COVID‐19. Autoimmune phenomena exist in COVID‐19 subjects, and the present results provide the rationale for a strategy of preventing immune dysfunction and optimal immunosuppressive therapy.
Primary cutaneous solitary fibrous tumor with entrapped eccrine components
Authors: Tran Tien Anh N. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFirst described in the pleura, solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) was subsequently reported in a variety of organ systems. Compared to other anatomic sites, primary cutaneous and superficial SFTs are relatively rare. Although several histopathologic variants of cutaneous and superficial SFT have been described, a primary cutaneous SFT harboring glandular components has not hitherto been documented in the literature. The current case report describes a spindle cell neoplasm of the right finger in a female patient with characteristic morphologic and immunohistochemical features of a SFT. Unexpectedly, various glandular and ductal components were identified in the SFT. A few hyperplastic lobules of sweat glands demonstrating similar morphology as the intratumoral glandular components and composed of secretory coils displaying mucinous metaplasia and ducts were detected in the attached subcutaneous tissue, suggestive of an inductive or obstructive effect of the SFT on the eccrine units. The intratumoral glands and ducts were judged to represent entrapped benign eccrine components from the attached subcutaneous tissue. Since this variant of SFT with entrapped eccrine components could mimic many biphasic epithelial and stromal tumors, pathologists should be aware of this unusual variant of SFT to avoid potential erroneous diagnosis, particularly mistaken confusion with a biphasic synovial sarcoma.
Unravelling species co‐occurrence in a steppe bird community of Inner Mongolia: Insights for the conservation of the endangered Jankowski’s Bunting
Authors: Han Zheng , Zhang Lishi , Jiang Yunlei , Wang Haitao , Jiguet Frédéric 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the patterns of bird assemblage and distribution in an endangered grassland system, taking into accounts both environmental and biotic effects. To further focus on an endangered songbird and associated steppe birds.LocationInner Mongolia, China.MethodsWe investigated the relative importance of abiotic and biotic factors driving the abundance and co‐occurrence of steppe birds in Inner Mongolia by using joint species distribution models. We examined the general patterns of species assemblage, with a focus on the endangered Jankowski's Bunting and other species potentially sharing the same niche or interacting with it, including potential competitors (especially the closely related Meadow Bunting), predators (corvids, raptors) and a parasite (cuckoo).ResultsThe studied steppe species exhibited varied responses to environmental variables, including climate, landscape and habitat predictors. We observed stronger species correlations due to residual covariates than to abiotic covariates. Jankowski's Bunting displayed strong positive co‐occurrences with other ground‐nesting songbirds and exhibited significant responses to all measured habitat and climate variables, indicating that this endangered bird has a high niche specialization and wide associations with other sympatric steppe bird species.Main conclusionOur results pointed out that climate, landscape and steppe habitat predictors are not the only factors structuring bird assemblages. Our results suggested that Jankowski's Bunting is an indicator of the occurrence of other species, especially open‐nesting specialized steppe songbirds, so it could act as a surrogate for overall steppe bird conservation. These findings are helpful for understanding how abiotic and biotic processes interactively alter bird communities and making effective management decisions to mitigate multiple threats to the entire community.
Colorectal cancer screening in Lynch syndrome: Indication, techniques and future perspectives
Authors: Perrod Guillaume , Rahmi Gabriel , Cellier Christophe 
Published: April 2020

Lynch syndrome (LS) is an inherited predisposition to colorectal cancer (CRC), responsible for 3–5% of all CRC. This syndrome is characterized by the early occurrence of colorectal neoplastic lesions, with variable incidences depending on the type of pathogenic variants in MMR genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2 and EPCAM) and demographics factors such as gender, body mass index, tobacco use and physical activity. Similar to sporadic cancers, colorectal screening by colonoscopy is efficient because it is associated with a reduction >50% of both CRC incidence and CRC related mortality. To that end, most guidelines recommend high definition screening colonoscopies in dedicated centers, starting at the age of 20–25 years old, with a surveillance interval of 1–2 years. In this review, we discuss the importance of high definition colonoscopies, including the compliance to specific key performance indicators, as well as the expected benefits of specific imaging modalities including virtual chromoendoscopy and dye‐spray chromoendoscopy.
A glycosylated Fc‐fused glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist exhibits equivalent glucose lowering to but fewer gastrointestinal side effects than dulaglutide
Authors: An In Bok , Byun Mi Sun , Yang Sang In , Choi Yuri , Woo Jung Won , Jang Hak Chul , Sung Young Chul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a novel glycosylated Fc‐fused glucagon‐like peptide‐1(GLP‐1‐gFc) receptor agonist with distinctive receptor binding affinity, designed to improve in vivo stability and safety relative to the commercial GLP‐1 analogue dulaglutide, and assess its safety profile and pharmacokinetics in healthy humans.Materials and MethodsWe constructed GLP‐1‐gFc and determined its binding affinity and potency using in vitro instrumental and cell‐based analyses followed by in vivo comparison of the glucose‐lowering and gastrointestinal side effects between GLP‐1‐gFc and dulaglutide. A phase 1 clinical trial was conducted to confirm the efficacy and safety profile of GLP‐1‐gFc.ResultsGLP‐1‐gFc showed 10‐fold less binding affinity and 4‐fold less potency than dulaglutide in in vitro. A potency‐adjusted dose delayed HbA1c increase comparable with that of dulaglutide (Change for 6 weeks: 2.4 mg/kg GLP‐1‐gFc, 4.34 ± 0.40 vs. 0.6 mg/kg dulaglutide, 4.26 ± 0.22; n.s.). However, the equivalent efficacy dose and higher dose did not induce malaise‐related responses (blueberry bar consumption, g/mouse: 2.4 mg/kg GLP‐1‐gFc, 0.15% ± 0.03% vs. 0.6 mg/kg dulaglutide, 0.04% ± 0.01%; P < .01) or QT interval changes (mean at 14‐20 hours, mSc: 0.28 mg/kg GLP‐1‐gFc, 0.0‐8.0 vs. 0.07 mg/kg dulaglutide, 8.0‐27.7; n.s.), observed as safety variables in rats and monkeys, compared with those of dulaglutide. Glucose reductions in an oral glucose tolerance test were significant at day 3 postdose without severe gastrointestinal adverse events and pulse rate changes in healthy subjects.ConclusionsThese results suggest that GLP‐1‐gFc could be used as a novel GLP‐1 receptor agonist with better safety than dulaglutide to maximize therapeutic benefits in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Bagworm decorations are an anti‐predatory structure
Authors: Khan Md Kawsar 
Published: April 2020

Many animals decorate their exterior with environmental materials, and these decorations are predicted to increase their survival. The adaptive significance of these decorations, however, has seldom been tested experimentally under field conditions.
This study researched the anti‐predatory functions of the decoration (bag) of a bagworm moth, Eumeta crameri, against their natural predator, Oecophylla smaragdina, the Asian weaver ant. The study experimentally tested if bag removal from caterpillars resulted in more predation than bagged caterpillars under field conditions, which would support the hypothesis that bags are selected to protect the caterpillars against their predators.
In support of the prediction, this study showed that caterpillars without a bag were attacked, killed, and taken to ants' nests significantly more than bagged caterpillars. The study provides rare experimental evidence for the anti‐predatory functions of the decoration under field conditions. This study suggests that decorating behaviour has evolved in animals as an anti‐predatory defence mechanism.
Uncertain location–allocation decisions for a bi‐objective two‐stage supply chain network design problem with environmental impacts
Authors: Mahmoodirad Ali , Niroomand Sadegh 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the cases that the historical data of an uncertain event is not available, belief degree‐based uncertainty theory is a useful tool to reflect such uncertainty. This study focuses on uncertain bi‐objective supply chain network design problem with cost and environmental impacts under uncertainty. As such network may be designed for the first time in a geographical region, this problem is modelled by the concepts of belief degree‐based uncertainty theory. This article is almost the first study on belief degree‐based uncertain supply chain network design problem with environmental impacts. Two approaches such as expected value model and chance‐constrained model are applied to convert the proposed uncertain problem to its crisp form. The obtained crisp forms are solved by some multi‐objective optimization approaches of the literature such as TH, Niroomand, MMNV. A deep computational study with several test problems are performed to study the performance of the crisp models and the solution approaches. According to the results, the obtained crisp formulations are highly sensitive to the changes in the value of the cost parameters. On the other hand, Niroomand and MMNV solution approaches perform better than other solution approaches from the solution quality point of view.
Real time detection of acoustic anomalies in industrial processes using sequential autoencoders
Authors: Bayram Barış , Duman Taha Berkay , Ince Gökhan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDevelopment of intelligent systems with the pursuit of detecting abnormal events in real world and in real time is challenging due to difficult environmental conditions, hardware limitations, and computational algorithmic restrictions. As a result, degradation of detection performance in dynamically changing environments is often encountered. However, in the next‐generation factories, an anomaly detection system based on acoustic signals is especially required to quickly detect and interfere with the abnormal events during the industrial processes due to the increased cost of complex equipment and facilities. In this study we propose a real time Acoustic Anomaly Detection (AAD) system with the use of sequence‐to‐sequence Autoencoder (AE) models in the industrial environments. The proposed processing pipeline makes use of the audio features extracted from the streaming audio signal captured by a single‐channel microphone. The reconstruction error generated by the AE model is calculated to measure the degree of abnormality of the sound event. The performance of Convolutional Long Short‐Term Memory AE (Conv‐LSTMAE) is evaluated and compared with sequential Convolutional AE (CAE) using sounds captured from various industrial manufacturing processes. In the experiments conducted with the real time AAD system, it is shown that the Conv‐LSTMAE‐based AAD demonstrates better detection performance than CAE model‐based AAD under different signal‐to‐noise ratio conditions of sound events such as explosion, fire and glass breaking.
Distribution of fossil seawater and its role in Neogene sedimentary rock landslides in Niigata, eastern marginal region of the Japan Sea
Authors: Nishiyama Nariaki , Chigira Masahiro , Suzuki Koichi , Watanabe Naoki 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Neogene marine sedimentary rock area in the eastern marginal region of the Japan Sea is an area with some of the highest landslide densities in Japan. Some of the landslides in this area have been known to involve saline groundwater, which can be the cause of these landslides. In order to demonstrate the relationships between landslides and saline water, topographic, geological, groundwater, and electromagnetic surveys were performed in the eastern marginal region of the Japan Sea. Many landslides and gravitational slope deformations with linear depressions and small scarps were recognized in the study area. The resistivity profile obtained by an electromagnetic survey suggests that there is a wide zonal distribution of saline water with salt concentrations equivalent to seawater at depths of 50–100 m or more and that the groundwater shallower than 50 m has an electrical conductivity of less than 100 mS/m. The shallow resistive groundwater is inferred to be meteoric water that replaced the saline groundwater, which likely weakened the bedrock, resulting in landslides. A ridge of competent tuff overlying mudstone has many linear depressions from gravitational slope deformation and low‐resistivity water to a depth of 600 m, which suggests that the mudstone was weakened by water replacement and deformed under the tuff caprock. The saline groundwater is inferred to be fossil seawater trapped in pores during sediment deposition, which is brought near the ground surface along with rocks by tectonic movement in the hills. Thus, the saline water and its fresh water replacement are among the important basic causes of the landslides. The oil well data obtained in the eastern marginal region of the Japan Sea suggest that such saline water replacement has occurred widely and that replacement is likely one of the predispositions for the frequent landslides there.
The levels of anger and aggression in street children with substance dependence
Authors: Kaplan Veysel , Çuhadar Döndü 
Published: April 2020

AbstractProblemThis is a descriptive study to determine the levels of anger and aggression in street children with substance dependence.MethodsThe study was conducted between October 2013 and March 2014 with 103 street children who use substances. Personal Information Form, Aggression Scale (AS), and Trait Anger and Anger Expression Styles Scale (STAXI) were used as data collection tools.FindingsThe rate of the children reported that they lived on the streets due to the conflicts with the family was 67% and 35% of participants reported that they were exposed to violence on the street. The total score of AS was 146.78 ± 25.91, the mean score of the anger subscale of the STAXI was 31.05 ± 9.00 while the scores of the anger‐in subscale and the anger‐out subscale scores were 19.02 ± 4.55 and 23.04 ± 6.19, respectively. The total scores of AS had a significant positive correlation with both the trait anger and “anger‐in” subscale scores. The results show that substance use negatively affected anger control in street children.ConclusionThe data demonstrated that the presence of continuous anger and turning the anger against oneself correlated with increased levels of aggression. Increasing the duration of living on the street, working on the street and being exposed to stressful situations in the street increased the "anger‐in" scores.
Rapid pacing and high‐frequency jet ventilation additively improve catheter stability during atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Aizer Anthony , Qiu Jessica K. , Cheng Austin V. , Wu Patrick B. , Barbhaiya Chirag R. , Jankelson Lior , Linton Patrick , Bernstein Scott A. , Park David S. , Holmes Douglas S. , Chinitz Larry A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionCatheter stability during atrial fibrillation ablation is associated with higher ablation success rates. Rapid cardiac pacing and high‐frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) independently improve catheter stability. Simultaneous modulation of cardiac and respiratory motion has not been previously studied. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of simultaneous heart rate and respiratory rate modulation on catheter stability.MethodsForty patients undergoing paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation received ablation lesions at 15 prespecified locations (12 left atria, 3 right atria). Patients were randomly assigned to undergo rapid atrial pacing for either the first or the second half of each lesion. Within each group, half of the patients received HFJV and the other half standard ventilation. Contact force and ablation data for all lesions were compared among the study groups. Standard deviation of contact force was the primary endpoint defined to examine contact force variability.ResultsLesions with no pacing and standard ventilation had the greatest contact force standard deviation (5.86 ± 3.08 g), compared to lesions with pacing and standard ventilation (5.45 ± 3.28 g; P < .01) or to lesions with no pacing and HFJV (4.92 ± 3.00 g; P < .01). Lesions with both pacing and HFJV had the greatest reduction in contact force standard deviation (4.35 ± 2.81 g; P < .01), confirming an additive benefit of each maneuver. Pacing and HFJV together was also associated with a reduction in the proportion of lesions with excessive maximum contact force (P < .001).DiscussionRapid pacing and HFJV additively improve catheter stability. Simultaneous pacing with HFJV further improves catheter stability over pacing or HFJV alone to optimize ablation lesions.
Pro‐inflammatory signalling and gut‐liver axis in non‐alcoholic and alcoholic steatohepatitis: Differences and similarities along the path
Authors: Glaser Trenton , Baiocchi Leonardo , Zhou Tianhao , Francis Heather , Lenci Ilaria , Grassi Giuseppe , Kennedy Lindsey , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Glaser Shannon , Alpini Gianfranco , Meng Fanyin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) represent a spectrum of injury, ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. In humans, in fact, fatty changes in the liver, possibly leading to end‐stage disease, were observed after chronic alcohol intake or in conditions of metabolic impairment. In this article, we examined the features and the pro‐inflammatory pathways leading to non‐alcoholic and alcoholic steatohepatitis. The involvement of several events (hits) and multiple inter‐related pathways in the pathogenesis of these diseases suggest that a single therapeutic agent is unlikely to be an effective treatment strategy. Hence, a combination treatment towards multiple pro‐inflammatory targets would eventually be required. Gut‐liver crosstalk is involved not only in the impairment of lipid and glucose homoeostasis leading to steatogenesis, but also in the initiation of inflammation and fibrogenesis in both NAFLD and ALD. Modulation of the gut‐liver axis has been suggested as a possible therapeutic approach since gut‐derived components are likely to be involved in both the onset and the progression of liver damage. This review summarizes the translational mechanisms underlying pro‐inflammatory signalling and gut‐liver axis in non‐alcoholic and alcoholic steatohepatitis. With a multitude of people being affected by liver diseases, identification of possible treatments and the elucidation of pathogenic mechanisms are elements of paramount importance.