bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNA-seq screening of cuticle protein genes in Culex pipiens pallens among cypermethrin-resistant populations
Authors: Shi Qiqi , Cheng Peng , Zhang Chongxing , Liu Lijuan , Song Xiao , Guo Xiuxia , Wang Haifang , Wang Yang , Liu Hongmei , Wang Huaiwei , Gong Maoqing 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background A long-lasting overdependence on insecticides has led to the rapid spread of pyrethroid resistance in mosquito vectors, which poses a great risk to the general public. Although there are many studies on metabolic resistance and target resistance, few have investigated cuticle resistance and behaviour resistance. The cuticle of mosquitoes has been hypothesized to play a role in insecticide resistance by reducing penetration or sequestering insecticides.Methods We used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyse the transcriptome of cypermethrin-resistant and cypermethrin-susceptible strains of Culex pipiens pallens. We sequenced 6 samples using an Illumina HiSeq platform and generated approximately 6.66 Gb bases from each sample on average. Mapping the sequenced reads to a reference genome and reconstructing the transcripts via gene expression analysis, we detected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the samples. Followed Gene Ontology (GO) classification and functional enrichment. Finally, we screened the genes of cuticle proteins associated with drug resistance throughout the genome, selected the significant DEGs with a log2 fold change > 3.0 and Padj < 0.05, and applied real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to verify the DEGs. Results We obtained 13,517 novel transcripts, of which 8,653 were previously unknown splicing events for known genes, 665 were novel coding transcripts without any known features, and 4,199 were long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). A total of 1035, 944, and 657 genes were upregulated in comparisons between the samples, and 2680, 1215, and 975 genes were downregulated in comparisons between the samples. Finally, among all samples, 167 genes were upregulated and 145 genes were downregulated. The GO classification and functional enrichment of DEGs were as follows: molecular function, 224 genes; cellular component, 149 genes; and biological process, 272 genes. The expression of XM_001863852 and XM_001845881 in resistant strains of Culex pipiens pallens was lower than that in the laboratory sensitive strain, with 0.177 and 0.548-fold change in expression, respectively; the expression of the XM_001845883.1 in the resistant strain was higher than that in the susceptible strain, with a 2.281-fold change in expression.Conclusions Our results provide a reference for resistance mechanisms via the mosquito cuticle as well as a new perspective for disease vector control.
International approaches to the formation of the quality system of the pharmaceutical inspectorate
Authors: Nikolenko N. S. , Beregovykh V. V. 
Published: January 2020

In most countries pharmaceutical market is regulated by the state in order to provide the population with high-quality, safe and effective medicines.Pharmaceutical inspection for compliance with the requirements of any good practice in the field of drug circulation is one of the main components of national regulatory system.Modern organization of pharmaceutical inspectorate involves presence of a quality system. Development and operation of such a system is not an easy task.In the review, the authors analyzed main international approaches and directions of normative regulation of the quality system for pharmaceutical inspectorate, examined the requirements of ISO 9000 standard for creating quality management systems in organizations, and proposed a model of the quality system of pharmaceutical inspectorate based on the process approach.
Methane emission and methanotrophic activity in groundwater-fed drinking water treatment plants
Authors: Maksimavičius Edmundas , Roslev Peter 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Groundwater for drinking water production may contain dissolved methane (CH4) at variable concentrations. Most of this important greenhouse gas is often vented to the atmosphere during primary aeration and gas stripping processes at drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). However, limited information exists regarding emission and fate of methane at many groundwater-fed DWTPs. This study estimates emission of methane from 1,004 DWTPs in Denmark and includes data from 3,068 groundwater wells. The fate of methane and occurrence of methane oxidizing bacteria in DWTPs was examined, including the potential role in ammonia removal. Methane emission from Danish DWTPs was estimated to be 1.38–2.95 × 10−4 Tg CH4/y which corresponds to 0.05–0.11% of the national anthropogenic methane emission. Trace levels of methane remained in the drinking water after primary aeration and entered the sand filters as a potential microbial substrate. Methanotrophic bacteria and active methane oxidation was always detected in the sand filters at groundwater-fed DWTPs. Methanotrophic consortia isolated from DWTP sandfilters were inoculated into laboratory-scale sand filters and the activity confirmed that methanotrophic consortia can play a role in the removal of ammonia via assimilation and co-oxidation. This suggests a potential for facilitating the removal of inorganic constituents from drinking water using methane as a co-substrate.
Disinfection behavior of a UV-treated wastewater system using constructed wetlands and the rate of reactivation of pathogenic microorganisms
Authors: González Yenifer , Salgado Pablo , Vidal Gladys 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe use of constructed wetlands as a wastewater treatment system is a feasible solution for rural areas. However, these systems do not efficiently eliminate pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, it is necessary to implement disinfection systems such as ultraviolet (UV) disinfection systems in constructed wetlands. To evaluate the behavior of a UV system, a pilot system of artificial wetlands connected to one such disinfection system was operated. The results show that when the total suspended solids (TSS) of the influent (already treated by the system of constructed wetlands) reached values of 26.7 mg/L, a reduction of 2.03 uLog in fecal coliforms was obtained. However, when the TSS increased to 34.7 mg/L, the reduction was only 0.33 uLog. In addition to the influence of the TSS on the fecal coliform reduction efficiency, there is a direct relationship between the transmittance and the sizes of the particles present in the influent. After UV treatment, the microorganisms showed a peak in photoreactivation of 27.8% at 4 h after irradiation with visible radiation, while under conditions of darkness, no reactivation was observed.
Isolation and selection of growth medium for freshwater microalgae Asterarcys quadricellulare for maximum biomass production
Authors: Sangapillai Karthikeyan , Marimuthu Thirumarimurugan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe use of microalgae biomass as a suitable alternative feedstock for biofuel production has been promoted in the field of green biotechnology. In this present study, the microalgae were isolated from freshwater samples. The predominant strain was screened from the samples and grown in four different growth media, including modified Bold's Basal Medium (BBM), modified CFTRI medium, BG11 medium and CHU medium, to find the suitable growth medium to enrich biomass production. In total three microalgae colonies were identified based on their colony morphology microscopically by using a light microscope. The predominant strain was confirmed as Asterarcys quadricellulare using 18S rRNA sequencing. The growth of microalgae was investigated based on parameters like dry weight, pigment composition such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid and lipid content in the microalgae. Among the four different media, modified BBM medium showed maximum dry weight (1.44 ± 0.015 g/L), chlorophyll a (23.07 ± 0.049 mg/L), chlorophyll b (16.76 ± 0.010 mg/L), carotenoid (8.92 ± 0.031 mg/L) and lipid content (375 ± 0.020 mg/L) on the 25th day of culture. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis showed the presence of major fatty acids stearic acid, palmitic acid and oleyl alcohol in the microalgae. Therefore the high lipid content and fatty acid profiles of Asterarcys quadricellulare are becoming a promising suitable strain for biofuel production with modified BBM medium.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease versus Alcohol-related Liver Disease: Is it Really so Different?
Authors: Craciun Ana , Lackner Caroline , Cortez-Pinto Helena 
Published: January 2020

:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-related liver disease together, compose the majority of
cases of liver disease and cirrhosis worldwide. Although in the last years, there has been much interest in the
differentiation between the two entities, it is increasingly recognized that a large overlap exists between them.
The main pathophysiological aspects are very similar, with the exceptions of mechanisms directly related to alcohol,
acting as an added factor in the presence of metabolic risk factors. Genetic factors so far identified are also
very similar. In both cases, the disease is more prevalent in males, the difference being more significant in the
ALD group, having to do with harmful alcohol consumption, which is more frequent in males. NAFLD advanced
stages usually present in older age than ALD.

:
Regarding laboratory features, the ratio AST/ALT < 1 is more frequent in NAFLD than ALD, in the absence of
cirrhosis. Histological aspects of both situations are very similar, but some are specific for ALD, such as alcoholic
foamy degeneration or cholestasis, or fibroobliterative venous lesions. Regarding treatment, several drugs now
included in clinical trials in NAFLD, could also be assayed in ALD, since similar mechanisms of action, are
potentially acting in ALD. In summary, similarities seem to outnumber differences, and since so large overlap
between risk factors exist, the use of a common designation such as Fatty Liver Disease (FLD) or Metabolic Fatty
Liver disease (MEFLD), could better serve the field.
Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) Promotes Lactate Metabolism in Mouse Hepatocytes through Cholic Acid (CA) - Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) Pathway
Authors: Wang Lu , He Huai-Wu , Zhou Xiang , Long Yun 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Persistent hyperlactatemia is associated with greater mortality in shock. Liver is the main site of lactate metabolism.

Methods:
In the first part, freshly isolated hepatocytes were incubated in 10% fetal bovine serum William's E medium supplemented with 10 mM lactate. Cells were then exposed to 100 μM ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), or no addition (control) for 2, 4, 6, 8 h. In the second part, hepatocytes were treated with Silencer select siRNA targeting FXR or scramble siRNA. The siRNA treatment was repeated twenty four hours later, and the cells used in experiments twenty four hours after the second treatment. Then hepatocytes were incubated in 10% fetal bovine serum William`s E medium supplemented with 10 mM lactate. Cells were then exposed to 100 μM UDCA for 2, 4, 6, 8 h. Lactate concentration was determined by ABL80 automatic blood gas analyzer.

Results:
UDCA increased ability of hepatocytes to remove lactate. After knockdown of FXR, effects caused by UDCA were weakened.

Conclusions:
These results demonstrate that UDCA promotes lactate metabolism in mouse hepatocytes through CA-FXR pathway.
Current Development on Chitosan-based Antimicrobial Drug Formulations for the Wound Healing
Authors: Roy Harekrishna , Rahaman Shaik A. , Kumar Theendra V. , Nandi Sisir 
Published: January 2020

Background::Derived from polyose, chitosan is an outstanding natural linear polysaccharide comprised of random arrangement of β-(1-4)-linked D-Glucosamine and N-acetyl-DGlucosamine units.Objective:Researchers have been using chitosan as a network forming or gelling agent with economically available, present polyose, low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, biodegradability, protects against secretion from irritation and don’t suffer the danger of transmission animal infective agent.Methods:Furthermore, recent studies gear up the chitosan used in the development of various biopharmaceutical formulations, including nanoparticles, hydrogels, implants, films, fibers, etc.Results:These formulations produce potential activities as antimicrobials, cancer treatment, medical aid, and wound healing, controlled unleash device or drug trigger retarding device and 3DBiomedical sponge, etc.Conclusion:The present article discusses the development of various drug formulations utilizing chitosan as biopolymers for the repairing of broken tissues and healing in case of wound infection.
Mechanisms of Nickel-Induced Cell Damage in Allergic Contact Dermatitis and Nutritional Intervention Strategies
Authors: Filatova Dana , Cherpak Christine 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Hypersensitivity to nickel is a very common cause of allergic contact dermatitis
since this metal is largely present in industrial and consumer products as well as in some commonly
consumed foods, air, soil, and water. In nickel-sensitized individuals, a cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity
response results in contact to dermatitis due to mucous membranes coming in long-term
contact with nickel-containing objects. This process involves the generation of reactive oxidative species
and lipid peroxidation-induced oxidative damage. Immunologically, the involvement of T helper
(h)-1 and Th-2 cells, as well as the reduced function of T regulatory cells, are of importance. The toxicity,
mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity of nickel are attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species
and induction of oxidative damage via lipid peroxidation, which results in DNA damage.

Objective:
The aim of this research is to identify nutritionally actionable interventions that can intercept
nickel-induced cell damage due to their antioxidant capacities.

Conclusion:
Nutritional interventions may be used to modulate immune dysregulation, thereby intercepting
nickel-induced cellular damage. Among these nutritional interventions are a low-nickel diet
and an antioxidant-rich diet that is sufficient in iron needed to minimize nickel absorption. These dietary
approaches not only reduce the likelihood of nickel toxicity by minimizing nickel exposure but
also help prevent oxidative damage by supplying the body with antioxidants that neutralize free radicals.
Effect of Mobility Conditions on the Throughput of the Wireless Body Area Network
Authors: Shinde Shilpa , Sonavane Santosh 
Published: January 2020

Background and objective:
In the Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN), sensors are
placed on the human body, which has various mobility patterns like seating, walking, standing and
running. This mobility typically assisted with hand and leg movements on which most of the sensors
are mounted. Previous studies were largely focused on simulations of WBAN mobility without focusing
much on hand and leg movements. Thus for realistic studies on the performance of the
WBAN, it is important to consider hand and leg movements. Thus, objective of this paper is to investigate
an effect of the mobility patterns with hand movements on the throughput of the WBAN.

Method:
The IEEE 802.15.6 requirements are considered for WBAN design. The WBAN with
star topology is used to connect three sensors and a hub. Three types of mobility viz. standing,
walking and running with backward and forward hand movements is designed for simulation purpose.
The throughput analysis is carried out with the three sets of simulations with standing, walking
and running conditions with the speed of 0 m/s, 0.5 m/s and 3 m/s, respectively. The data rate
was increased from 250 Kb to 10000 Kb with AODV protocol. It is intended to investigate the effect
of the hand movements and the mobility conditions on the throughput. Simulation results are
analyzed with the aid of descriptive statistics. A comparative analysis between the simulated model
and a mathematical model is also introduced to get more insight into the data.

Results:
Simulation studies showed that as the data rate is increased, throughput is also increased
for all mobility conditions; however, this increasing trend was discontinuous. In the standing (static)
position, the throughput is found to be higher than the mobility (dynamic) condition. It is found
that the throughput is better in the running condition than the walking condition. The average values
of the throughput, in case of the standing condition, were more than that of the dynamic conditions.
To validate these results, a mathematical model is created. In the mathematical model, the
same trend is observed.

Conclusion:
Overall, it is concluded that the throughput is decreased due to the mobility of the
WBAN. It is understood that mathematical models have given more insight into the simulation data
and confirmed the negative effect of the mobility conditions on throughput. In the future, it is
proposed to investigate the effect of interference on the designed network and compare the results.
Recent Advances on GERT Method Based on Bayesian Networks
Authors: Hongyan Dui , Shuanshuan Chen , Chi Zhang , Chunyan Li 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Identification of key processes and key paths plays an important role in
project management and control. Therefore, in order to reduce the expected time of the project,
some analysis methods other than engineering technology must be adopted. The Graphical Evaluation
and Review Technique (GERT) is a useful tool in system analysis and design. The GERT can
process the relationships in network diagrams, which is a network with feedback function and has
been applied in many fields.

Methods:
In this paper, based on Bayesian network model and GERT network, a new method for
analyzing project process has been studied. Firstly, all the variable nodes of the GERT network are
determined. Secondly, the variable nodes in the GERT network are divided into tandem nodes, aggregation
nodes, distributed nodes, and self-loop nodes in the Bayesian network. Third, the GERT
network parsing method is used to calculate the expected time of the partial variable node. Then the
network structure of the Bayesian network is constructed by connecting the nodes with the directed
edges.

Results:
Thus, a GERT Bayesian model is established. Based on the posterior probability of Bayesian network, we have determined the key process, improved the key process and shortened the processing time.

Conclusion:
Finally, this method is used to analyze an ERP project activity flow chart with self-loop structure, identify the key processes and key paths, and determine the time period. Therefore, the validity and reliability of the method in project process management are verified.
Withdrawal Notice: BotGuard: Clustering and correlation of network traffic for Botnet detection
Authors: Vyas Abhilasha , Batra Usha 
Published: January 2020

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors and editor of the journal Recent Advances in Computer Science
and Communications.;

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

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Using Digital Media to Empower Adolescents in Smoking Prevention: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Park Eunhee , Chang Yu-Ping 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundThere is a critical need for effective health education methods for adolescent smoking prevention. The coproduction of antismoking videos shows promising results for adolescent health education.ObjectiveThis study explored the feasibility of a smoking prevention program using the coproduction of antismoking videos in order to empower adolescents in smoking prevention and tobacco control. A smoking prevention program based on coproduction of antismoking videos over eight sessions was implemented in a low-income neighborhood.MethodsA mixed methods design with a concurrent embedded approach was used. In total, 23 adolescents participated in the program. During the prevention program, small groups of participants used video cameras and laptops to produce video clips containing antismoking messages. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to examine changes in participants’ psychological empowerment levels between pre- and postintervention; qualitative interview data were analyzed using content analysis.ResultsPre- and postcomparison data revealed that participants’ psychological empowerment levels were significantly enhanced for all three domains—intrapersonal, interactional, and behavioral—of psychological empowerment (P<.05). Interviews confirmed that the coproduction of antismoking videos is feasible in empowering participants, by supporting nonsmoking behaviors and providing them with an opportunity to help build a smoke-free community.ConclusionsBoth quantitative and qualitative data supported the feasibility of the coproduction of antismoking videos in empowering adolescents in smoking prevention. Coproduction of antismoking videos with adolescents was a beneficial health education method.