bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED: Free convection of non‐Newtonian nanofluid flow inside an eccentric annulus from the point of view of first‐law and second‐law of thermodynamics
Authors: Shahsavar Amin , Noori Shahla , Toghraie Davood , Barnoon Pouya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe current work aims to perform the hydrothermal and entropy generation (EG) characteristics in a naturally cooled eccentric horizontal annulus filled with non‐Newtonian water‐magnetite/CNT nanofluid (NF). The wall temperature of both cylinders is constant and the temperature of the outer cylinder is lower than that of the inner cylinder. The impacts of vertical eccentricity, nanoadditive concentration (φ) and Rayleigh number () on the first and second‐laws performance features of the annulus are investigated numerically. It was found the average Nusselt number (), the global thermal EG (TEG) and the global frictional EG (FEG) augment with boosting both the and φ. In addition, it was depicted that the negative eccentricity is desirable and undesirable from the perspective of the first and second‐laws of thermodynamics. Moreover, the outcomes revealed that the first‐law/second‐law performance of the aqueous magnetite/CNT NF is better/weaker than that of the aqueous magnetite NF. Furthermore, for all the examined cases, the TEG rates are much higher than the FEG rates, and as a result, the pattern of total EG changes follows the TEG. Among all the studied cases, the minimum total EG was 4 W/K, which belonged to the case of = 0.9%, = 0%, = 103 and = 0.001.
Wiederaufnahmeraten von Rückenschmerzpatienten an einer Universitätsklinik nach primär konservativer stationärer Therapie
Authors: Ihde Florian , Lenz Robert , Mittelmeier Wolfram , Osmanski-Zenk Katrin 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Patientenzahlen stationärer Versorgung von Rückenschmerzen steigen zunehmend, da die aktuellen Strukturen der ambulanten Versorgung den Bedarf nicht adäquat decken können. Die Infrastruktur des Maximalversorgers sichert zwar einerseits eventuelle Notfallversorgungen und bildgebende Verfahren ab, ist aber andererseits nicht auf die Ersatzleistung für die ambulante Versorgung ausgerichtet.

Ziel der Arbeit
Analyse der Wiederaufnahmeraten stationär primär konservativ versorgter Rückenschmerzpatienten.

Material und Methode
In der retrospektiven Studie wurde an einer universitären orthopädischen Klinik die Wiederaufnahmerate von Rückenschmerzpatienten innerhalb von 6 Monaten untersucht, die notfallmäßig stationär eingewiesen und dort primär konservativ behandelt wurden. Der Untersuchungszeitraum betrug 2 Jahre mit einer Nachbeobachtung von 6 Monaten. Es erfolgte die Auswertung von 413 Patienten.

Ergebnisse
Nach primär konservativer stationärer Therapie wurden 17,9 % der Patienten erneut stationär aufgenommen. Bis zur ersten Wiederaufnahme dauerte es 25 (±33,25) Tage und bis zur zweiten weitere 25,9 (±31,99) Tage. Rentner werden signifikant häufiger stationär aufgenommen, und in der Regel konservativ behandelt. 66,8 % der Vorstellungen erfolgten notfallmäßig ohne Einweisungsschein.

Diskussion
Die Wiederaufnahmen nach primärer konservativer stationärer Therapie sind relativ hoch. Bei straffem Management mit zügigem diagnostischem Vorgehen und zielgerichteten Nachbehandlungsstrategien kann die Rückführung des Patienten in die ambulante Versorgung in den meisten Fällen realisiert werden. Wiederaufnahmen erfolgen zur operativen Versorgung, oder aber ungeplant bei gescheiterter konservativer, ambulanter Therapie.
Liver cT1 decreases following direct-acting antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus
Authors: Jayaswal Arjun N. A. , Levick Christina , Collier Jane , Tunnicliffe Elizabeth M. , Kelly Matthew D. , Neubauer Stefan , Barnes Eleanor , Pavlides Michael 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Direct-acting antiviral therapies (DAAs) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) have excellent rates of viral eradication, but their effect on regression of liver fibrosis is unclear. The primary aim was to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) to evaluate changes in liver fibrosis, liver fat and liver iron content (LIC) in patients with chronic HCV following treatment with DAAs.

Methods
In this prospective study, 15 patients with chronic HCV due to start treatment with DAAs and with transient elastography (TE) > 8 kPa were recruited consecutively. Patients underwent MRI and MRS at baseline (before treatment), and at 24 weeks and 48 weeks after the end of treatment (EoT) for the measurement of liver cT1 (fibroinflammation), liver fat and T2* (LIC).

Results
All patients achieved a sustained virological response. Liver cT1 showed significant decreases from baseline to 24 weeks post EoT (876 vs 806 ms, p = 0.002, n = 15), baseline to 48 weeks post EoT (876 vs 788 ms, p = 0.0002, n = 13) and 24 weeks post EoT to 48 weeks post EoT (806 vs 788 ms, p = 0.016, n = 13). Between baseline and 48 weeks EoT significant reduction in liver fat (5.17% vs 2.65%, p = 0.027) and an increase in reported LIC (0.913 vs 0.950 mg/g, p = 0.021) was observed.

Conclusion
Liver cT1 decreases in patients with chronic HCV undergoing successful DAA treatment. The relatively fast reduction in cT1 suggests a reduction in inflammation rather than regression of fibrosis.
Perceptual Assessment and Acoustic Voice Analysis as Screening Tests for Vocal Fold Paresis After Thyroid or Parathyroid Surgery
Authors: Heikkinen Maria , Penttilä Elina , Qvarnström Mari , Mäkinen Kimmo , Löppönen Heikki , Kärkkäinen Jussi M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of clinician‐based perceptual assessment of voice and computerized acoustic voice analysis as screening tests for vocal fold paresis or paralysis (VFP) after thyroid and parathyroid surgery.MethodsThis was a prospective study of 181 patients undergoing thyroid or parathyroid procedure with pre and postoperative laryngoscopic vocal fold inspection, perceptual voice assessment using grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain (GRBAS) scale and acoustic voice analysis using the multi‐dimensional voice program (MDVP). Patients were divided into 2 groups for comparison; those with new postoperative VFP and those without. Potential screening tools were evaluated using the receiving operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsFourteen (6.6%) patients had a new postoperative VFP. Postoperative GRBAS scores were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in patients with VFP compared to those without. However, there were no statistically significant differences in MDVP values between the groups. Postoperative GRBAS grade score (cut off > 0) had the best sensitivity, 93%, for predicting VFP, but the specificity was only 50%. Postoperative jitter (cut off > 1.60) in MDVP had a good specificity, 90%, but only 50% sensitivity. Combining all the GRBAS and MDVP variables with P < 0.05 in the ROC analysis yielded a test with 100% sensitivity and 55% specificity.ConclusionsPhysician‐based perceptual voice assessment has a high sensitivity for detecting postoperative VFP, but the specificity is poor. The risk of VFP is low in patients with completely normal voice at discharge. However, routine laryngoscopy after thyroid and parathyroid surgery is still the most reliable exam for VFP screening.
An agent-based market simulation for enriching innovation management education
Authors: Stummer Christian , Kiesling Elmar 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIt is not easy for students or junior managers to obtain first-hand experience in innovation and technology management. Business gaming simulations can remedy this, as they provide an opportunity to acquire practical skills. We developed such a business gaming simulation that enables teams of participants—each managing a virtual company that competes with other companies in several markets—to implement technology strategies, make resource allocation decisions, and test marketing strategies for introducing its new products. The salient feature of this simulation is its agent-based market model, which accounts for consumers’ heterogeneity and social factors like word-of-mouth communication. In this paper, we describe the elements and dynamics of the market model, outline the didactic framework, and synthesize our experiences from using the simulation in classroom settings for several years. Overall, we find that using an agent-based model as the core of a business gaming simulation can facilitate experiential learning in management, particularly in fields that involve complex social system dynamics, as is the case in the diffusion of innovations.
High rates of biodeposition and N-excretion indicate strong functional effects of mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida) in certain anthropogenic tropical freshwater habitats
Authors: Zieritz Alexandra , Chan Wei Ning , McGowan Suzanne , Gibbins Christopher 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe functional roles of freshwater mussels (Unionida) in tropical systems are poorly understood. We quantified the effects of mussel filtration, excretion and deposition in three anthropogenic tropical systems, i.e. a man-made lake, abandoned mining pool and rice paddy channel. Sinanodonta cf. woodiana (non-native) was present at all three sites, whilst Pilsbryoconcha compressa (native) was present in the channel only. Clearance rates, biodeposition rates and effects on suspended algal pigment and dissolved nutrient concentrations were quantified in controlled, replicated experiments in laboratory tanks with water from original habitats. Clearance rates were generally low and did not explain the high biodeposition rates observed. A considerable proportion of the natural diet of these populations may therefore consist of material that was not available in tanks, i.e. benthic or deposited algae. Deposition rates in lake and channel populations exceeded published rates from temperate and Mediterranean habitats, presumably due to prevalence of non-palatable material and/or higher metabolic rates in tropical systems. The presence of S. cf. woodiana but not P. compressa led to a strong increase in total ammonia nitrogen concentrations and N:P ratios, exceeding estimations from other systems. This study suggests that freshwater mussels play different functional roles in anthropogenic tropical habitats than in temperate systems.
The Architecture of Cognitive Vulnerability to Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: A Longitudinal Network Analysis Study
Authors: Marchetti Igor , Pössel Patrick , Koster Ernst H. W. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRates of subclinical symptoms and full-blown depression significantly increase during adolescence. Hence, understanding how multiple cognitive risk factors are related to depression in adolescence is of major importance. For this purpose, we simultaneously considered multiple cognitive vulnerabilities, as proposed by three major cognitive theories for depression, namely Beck’s cognitive theory, hopelessness theory, and response style theory. In this four-wave study, we investigated the architecture, interplay, and stability of cognitive vulnerability mechanisms, depressive symptoms, and stressors in a large group of adolescents over a period of one year (n = 469; mean age = 15 years; 64% female). Network analysis was used to shed light on the structure of cognitive vulnerabilities in a data-driven fashion. Analyses revealed that different cognitive vulnerabilities were intertwined and automatic thoughts played the role of hub node in the network. Moreover, the interplay among cognitive vulnerabilities and depressive symptoms was already markedly stable in adolescence and did not change over a 12-month period. Finally, no evidence was found that cognitive vulnerabilities interacted with stressors, as proposed by diathesis-stress models. These findings advance our understanding of multiple cognitive risk factors for depression in adolescence.
Decadal-scale variability of the North Pacific subtropical mode water and its influence on the pycnocline observed along 137°E
Authors: Kobashi Fumiaki , Nakano Toshiya , Iwasaka Naoto , Ogata Tomomichi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDecadal-scale variability of the North Pacific subtropical mode water (STMW) and its influence on the pycnocline are examined by analyzing Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) repeat hydrographic observations along the 137°E meridian from 1972 to 2019, with a particular focus on the summer season when the seasonal upper pycnocline develops above the STMW. The STMW appears between 20° and 32°N at 137°E, with the thickness varying on decadal timescales of approximately 9–15 years. Argo float observations suggest that the observed change in the STMW thickness originates in the wintertime mixed layer south of the Kuroshio Extension in the preceding year. The STMW has a substantial impact on the pycnocline. The presence of thick STMW shoals the upper pycnocline, occasionally concurrent with the deepening of the lower main pycnocline. The change is robust in the upper pycnocline, where the heaving of isopycnal surfaces occurs with density anomalies up near the surface. The subtropical front (STF) at subsurface depths, which is associated with a northward shoaling of the upper pycnocline and is maintained by the STMW in the climatology, also changes on decadal timescales. A thick STMW increases the northward shoaling of the upper pycnocline and intensifies the STF. On decadal timescales, the STF variations are accounted for by the STMW-induced change in the upper pycnocline slope. The change in the STF due to mode waters is consistent with previous findings from numerical models.
Rapid development of 56 novel microsatellite markers for the benthic freshwater bug Aphelocheirus aestivalis using Illumina paired-end sequencing data and M13-tailed primers
Authors: Kaczmarczyk-Ziemba Agnieszka 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe freshwater true bug Aphelocheirus aestivalis (Aphelocheiridae) is widely distributed in Europe but occurs rather locally and often in isolated populations. Moreover, it is threatened with extinction in parts of its range. Unfortunately, little is known about the genetic diversity and population structure due to the lack of molecular tools for this species. Thus, to overcome the limitations, a whole-genome sequencing has been performed to identify polymorphic microsatellite markers for A. aestivalis. The whole-genome sequencing has been performed with the Illumina MiSeq platform. Obtained paired-end reads were processed and overlapped into 2,378,426 sequences, and the subset of 267 sequences containing microsatellite motifs were then used for in silico primer designing. Finally, 56 microsatellite markers were determined and 34 of them were polymorphic. Analyses performed in two samples (collected from Drawa and Gowienica rivers, respectively) showed that the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 21, and the observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0 to 0.933 and 0.064 to 0.931, respectively. The microsatellite markers developed in the present study provide new suitable tools available for the scientific community to study A. aestivalis population dynamics. The assessment of its genetic diversity and population structure will provide important data, that can be used in population management and conservation efforts, elucidating the broad- and fine-scale population genetic structure of A. aestivalis.
Akebia Saponin D prevents axonal loss against TNF-induced optic nerve damage with autophagy modulation
Authors: Sase Kana , Tsukahara Chihiro , Fujita Naoki , Arizono Ibuki , Takagi Hitoshi , Kitaoka Yasushi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAkebia Saponin D (ASD), a triterpenoid saponin, was shown to have protective effects in certain neuronal cells. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possibility of ASD to prevent tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced axonal loss and the ASD modulation of the biologic process of autophagy in optic nerves. Rats were given intravitreal administration of TNF, simultaneous administration of 2, 20, or 200 pmol ASD and TNF, or ASD alone. LC3-II and p62 expression, which is a marker of autophagic flux, and phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) expression in optic nerves were examined by immunoblot analysis. Morphometric analysis revealed a significant ameliorated effect of ASD against TNF-induced optic nerve damage. p62 was significantly increased in the optic nerve in TNF-treated eyes, but this increase was totally prevented by ASD. The ASD alone injection showed significant reduction of p62 levels compared with the PBS-treated control eyes. LC3-II was significantly increased by ASD treatment in the TNF-injected eyes. p-p38 was significantly increased in the optic nerve in TNF-treated eyes, but this increase was completely prevented by ASD. The protective effects of ASD may be associated with enhanced autophagy activation and inhibition of p-p38.
Comparison of online and face-to-face valuation of the EQ-5D-5L using composite time trade-off
Authors: Jiang Ruixuan , Shaw James , Mühlbacher Axel , Lee Todd A. , Walton Surrey , Kohlmann Thomas , Norman Richard , Pickard A. Simon 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to compare online, unsupervised and face-to-face (F2F), supervised valuation of EQ-5D-5L health states using composite time trade-off (cTTO) tasks.

Methods
The official EuroQol experimental design and valuation protocol for the EQ-5D-5L of 86 health states were implemented in interviewer-assisted, F2F and unsupervised, online studies. Validity of preferences was assessed using prevalence of inconsistent valuations and expected patterns of TTO values. Respondent task engagement was measured using number of trade-offs and time per task. Trading patterns such as better-than-dead only was compared between modes. Value sets were generated using linear regression with a random intercept (RILR). Value set characteristics such as range of scale and dimension ranking were evaluated between modes.

Results
Five hundred one online and 1,134 F2F respondents completed the surveys. Mean elicited TTO values were higher online than F2F when compared by health state severity. Compared to F2F, a larger proportion of online respondents did not assign the poorest EQ-5D-5L health state (i.e., 55555) the lowest TTO value ([Online] 41.3% [F2F] 12.2%) (p < 0.001). A higher percentage of online cTTO tasks were completed in 3 trade-offs or fewer ([Online] 15.8% [F2F] 3.7%), (p < 0.001). When modeled using the RILR, the F2F range of scale was larger than online ([Online] 0.600 [F2F] 1.307) and the respective dimension rankings differed.

Conclusions
Compared to F2F data, TTO tasks conducted online had more inconsistencies and decreased engagement, which contributed to compromised data quality. This study illustrates the challenges of conducting online valuation studies using the TTO approach.
Does entrepreneurship fit her? Women entrepreneurs, gender-role orientation, and entrepreneurial culture
Authors: Liñán Francisco , Jaén Inmaculada , Martín Domingo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present research analyzes the way in which gender-role orientation (GRO) and perceived entrepreneurial culture affect the advancement of women through the different stages in the entrepreneurial process. To do so, a sample of 1195 Spanish women is studied using Bem’s Sex Role Inventory to identify their GRO and a perceived regional culture (PRC) scale. The results confirm that women with a masculine or androgynous orientation are more likely to develop entrepreneurial careers. Besides, for masculine GRO women, the perception of a supportive entrepreneurial culture in their region fosters their advancement in entrepreneurship. In contrast, the effect of perceived culture is negative for women with an androgynous GRO. These results contribute to advance knowledge on the entrepreneurial process for women. Based on our results, the debate about women entrepreneurship should be expanded to fully acknowledge the relevance of GRO.
A Critical Recuperation of Watsuji’s Rinrigaku
Authors: Zanghellini Aleardo , Sato Mai 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWatsuji is recognised as one Japan’s foremost philosophers. His work on ethics, Rinrigaku, is cosmopolitan in engaging the Western philosophical tradition, and in presupposing an international audience. Yet Watsuji’s ethical thought is largely of niche interest outside Japan, and it is critiqued on the ground that it ratifies totalitarianism, demanding individuals’ unquestioning subordination to communal demands. We offer a reading of Rinrigaku that, in attempting to trace the text’s intention, disputes these arguments. We argue that Rinrigaku makes individual autonomy central to ethical action, despite the fact that its treatment of coercion may lead one to think otherwise; that it does not reduce ethical obligations to whatever demands any given society imposes on its members; that it draws a distinction between socio-ethical orders that are genuinely ethical and those that are not; and that, in insisting on the grounding of individuals in the Absolute, it makes adequate room for individuals’ resistance to unjustifiable socio-ethical demands.
Development of degradable pre-formed particle gel (DPPG) as temporary plugging agent for petroleum drilling and production
Authors: Zhu Dao-Yi , Fang Xing-Yu , Sun Ren-Xian , Xu Zeng-Hao , Liu Yang , Liu Ji-Yang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTemporary plugging agent (TPA) is widely used in many fields of petroleum reservoir drilling and production, such as temporary plugging while drilling and petroleum well stimulation by diverting in acidizing or fracturing operations. The commonly used TPA mainly includes hard particles, fibers, gels, and composite systems. However, current particles have many limitations in applications, such as insufficient plugging strength and slow degradation rate. In this paper, a degradable pre-formed particle gel (DPPG) was developed. Experimental results show that the DPPG has an excellent static swelling effect and self-degradation performance. With a decrease in the concentration of total monomers or cross-linker, the swelling volume of the synthesized DPPG gradually increases. However, the entire self-degradation time gradually decreases. The increase in 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) in the DPPG composition can significantly increase its swelling ratio and shorten the self-degradation time. Moreover, DPPG has excellent high-temperature resistance (150 °C) and high-salinity resistance (200,000 mg/L NaCl). Core displacement results show that the DPPG has a perfect plugging effect in the porous media (the plugging pressure gradient was as high as 21.12 MPa), and the damage to the formation after degradation is incredibly minor. Therefore, the DPPG can be used as an up-and-coming TPA in oil fields.
Powers ontology and the quantum revolution
Authors: Koons Robert C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAn Aristotelian philosophy of nature rejects the modern prejudice in favor of the microscopic, a rejection that is crucial if we are to penetrate the mysteries of the quantum world. I defend an Aristotelian model by drawing on both quantum chemistry and recent work on the measurement problem. By building on the work of Hans Primas, using the distinction between quantum and classical properties that emerges in quantum chemistry at the thermodynamic or continuum limit, I develop a new version of the Copenhagen interpretation, a version that is realist, holistic, and hylomorphic in character, allowing for the attribution of fundamental causal powers to human observers and their instruments. I conclude with a critique of non-hylomorphic theories of primitive ontology, including Bohmian mechanics, Everettianism, and GRW mass-density.