bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of smoking on radical cystectomy complications increases in elderly patients
Authors: Haeuser Lorine , Marchese Maya , Schrag Deborah , Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Chang Steven L. , Kibel Adam S. , Gore John L. , Noldus Joachim , Mossanen Matthew 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundSmoking, the most common risk factor for bladder cancer (BC), is associated with increased complications after radical cystectomy (RC), poorer oncologic outcomes, and higher mortality. The authors hypothesized that the effect of smoking on the probability of major complications increases with increasing age among patients who undergo RC.MethodsThe authors analyzed the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2011‐2017), identified all patients undergoing RC using Current Procedural Terminology codes, and formed two groups according to smoking status (active smoker and nonsmoker [included former and never‐smokers]). Patient characteristics and 30‐day postoperative complications using the Clavien‐Dindo Classification (CDC) were assessed. A multivariable logistic regression model was constructed that included age, sex, race, body mass index, operative time, comorbidities, chemotherapy status, and type of diversion with major complications (CDC ≥III) as the outcome variable, and explored the interaction between age and smoking status.ResultsA total of 10,528 patients underwent RC, including 22.8% who were active smokers. The authors identified an interaction between age and smoking status (P = .045). Older patients were found to experience a stronger smoking effect than younger patients with regard to the probability of major complications. The risk of a major complication was the same for 50‐year‐old nonsmokers and smokers, but it increased from 17.8% to 21.7% for 70‐year‐old nonsmokers and smokers, respectively (P < .001).ConclusionsUp to 20% of patients who undergo RC are active smokers, and these individuals have an increased risk of major complications. The effect of smoking is stronger with increasing age; the difference with regard to complications for smokers versus nonsmokers was found to increase substantially, wherein older smokers are at an especially high risk of complications.
ESCCA/ISCCA protocol for the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid by multiparametric flow‐cytometry in hematological malignancies
Authors: Del Principe Maria Ilaria , Gatti Arianna , Johansson Ulrika , Buccisano Francesco , Brando Bruno 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) involvement is a serious but often underdiagnosed complication of hematological malignancies. Currently, the gold standard to detect CNS involvement is conventional cytology (CC) whose sensitivity though is lower than 50%. Multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) demonstrated a superior sensitivity over CC, particularly when low levels of CNS infiltrating cells are present. Although prospective studies are few, a positive finding by MFC appears to anticipate an adverse outcome even if CC shows no infiltration. However, the use of MFC to diagnose CNS involvement presents some pitfalls, due to the typical hypocellularity of cerebrospinal fluids (CSF), and low cell vitality. Furthermore, the threshold to be used for defining the MFC positivity is not universally defined. In this paper, a working group of the European Society for Clinical Cell Analysis—ESCCA—and the Italian Society for Clinical Cell Analysis—ISCCA—will discuss the critical aspects of CSF processing, highlighting difficulties in storage and processing of samples, interpretation and reporting of data.
The Drosophila E78 nuclear receptor regulates dietary triglyceride uptake and systemic lipid levels
Authors: Praggastis Sophia A. , Lam Geanette , Horner Michael A. , Nam Hyuck‐Jin , Thummel Carl S. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundLipid levels are maintained by balancing lipid uptake, synthesis, and mobilization. Although many studies have focused on the control of lipid synthesis and mobilization, less is known about the regulation of lipid digestion and uptake.ResultsHere we show that the Drosophila E78A nuclear receptor plays a central role in intestinal lipid homeostasis through regulation of the CG17192 digestive lipase. E78A mutant adults fail to maintain proper systemic lipid levels following eclosion, with this effect largely restricted to the intestine. Transcriptional profiling by RNA‐seq revealed a candidate gene for mediating this effect, encoding the predicted adult intestinal lipase CG17192. Intestine‐specific disruption of CG17192 results in reduced lipid levels similar to that seen in E78A mutants. In addition, dietary supplementation with free fatty acids, or intestine‐specific expression of either E78A or CG17192, is sufficient to restore lipid levels in E78A mutant adults.ConclusionThese studies support the model that E78A is a central regulator of adult lipid homeostasis through its effects on CG17192 expression and lipid digestion. This work also provides new insights into the control of intestinal lipid uptake and demonstrate that nuclear receptors can play an important role in these pathways.
Long‐term dynamics of a cladoceran community from an early stage of lake formation in Lake Fukami‐ike, Japan
Authors: Otake Yurie , Ohtsuki Hajime , Urabe Jotaro , Kimura Shigeko , Yamada Kazuyoshi , Yoshida Takehito 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAn increase in nutrient levels due to eutrophication has considerable effects on lake ecosystems. Cladocerans are intermediate consumers in lake ecosystems; thus, they are influenced by both the bottom‐up and top‐down effects that occur as eutrophication progresses. The long‐term community succession of cladocerans and the effects cladocerans experience through the various eutrophication stages have rarely been investigated from the perspective of the early‐stage cladoceran community assemblage during lake formation. In our research, long‐term cladoceran community succession was examined via paleolimnological analysis in the currently eutrophic Lake Fukami‐ike, Japan. We measured the concentration of total phosphorus and phytoplankton pigments and counted cladoceran and other invertebrate subfossils in all layers of collected sediment cores, and then assessed changes in the factors controlling the cladoceran community over a 354‐year period from lake formation to the present. The cladoceran community consisted only of benthic taxa at the time of lake formation. When rapid eutrophication occurred and phytoplankton increased, the benthic community was replaced by a pelagic community. After further eutrophication, large Daphnia and high‐order consumers became established. The statistical analysis suggested that bottom‐up effects mainly controlled the cladoceran community in the lake's early stages, and the importance of top‐down effects increased after eutrophication occurred. Total phosphorus and phytoplankton pigments had positive effects on pelagic Bosmina, leading to the replacement of the benthic cladoceran community by the pelagic one. In contrast, the taxa established posteutrophication were affected more by predators than by nutrient levels. A decrease in planktivorous fish possibly allowed large Daphnia to establish, and the subsequent increase in planktivorous fish reduced the body size of the cladoceran community.
Body mass data set for 1,317 bird and 270 mammal species from Colombia
Authors: Ocampo David , Borja‐Acosta Kevin G. , Lozano‐Flórez Julián , Cifuentes‐Acevedo Sebastián , Arbeláez‐Cortés Enrique , Bayly Nicholas J. , Caguazango Ángela , Coral‐Jaramillo Brayan , Cueva Diego , Forero Fernando , Gómez Juan P. , Gómez Camila , Loaiza‐Muñoz Mario A. , Londoño Gustavo A. , Losada‐Prado Sergio , Pérez‐Peña Sebastián , Ramírez‐Chaves Héctor E. , Rodríguez‐Posada Miguel E. , Sanabria‐Mejía Jeyson , Sánchez‐Martínez Manuel , Serrano‐Cardozo Víctor Hugo , Sierra‐Buitrago M. Socorro , Soto‐Patiño Juliana , Acevedo‐Charry Orlando 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBody mass is one of the most important phenotypic attributes in animal ecology and life history. This trait is widely used in the fields of ecology and macroevolution, since it influences physiology, morphological functions, and a myriad of ecological and social interactions. In this data set, our aim was to gather a comprehensive bird and mammal body mass data set from northern South America. We report body mass, discriminated by sex, for 42,022 individual birds and 7,441 mammals representing 1,317 bird species (69% of Colombia’s avifauna) and 270 mammal species (51% of Colombian mammals) from the Neotropics. The data were sourced from vouchers collected between 1942 and 2020 and from individuals captured and released at banding stations over the last two decades for birds (2000–2020) and the last decade for mammals (2010–2020), by 10 research groups and institutions in Colombia. This data set fills gaps identified in other similar databases, as it focuses on northern South America, a highly diverse Neotropical region often underrepresented in morphological data sets. We provide wide taxonomic coverage for studies interested in information both at regional and local scales. There are no copyright restrictions; the present data paper should be appropriately cited when data are used for publication. The authors would appreciate learning about research projects, teaching exercises, and other uses given to this data set and are open to contribute in further collaborations using these data.
Nutritional composition and antinutrient content of Heteromorpha arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl. leaves: An underutilized wild vegetable
Authors: Abifarin Taiwo Oluwafunmilola , Otunola Gloria Aderonke , Afolayan Anthony Jide 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe nutritional and antinutrient composition of Heteromorpha arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl. leaves was reported in this study. Proximate analysis revealed the presence of 8.5% total ash, 4.92% crude fat, 8.41% moisture, 15.74% crude protein, 21.48% crude fiber, 40.95% carbohydrates, and 271.04 kcal/100 g energy value. Mineral analysis showed that H. arborescens leaves are very rich in K, Ca, and Fe. Considerable amounts of Mg, Mn, Na, P, Cu, and Zn were also present. Vitamin analysis showed that the plant has a high content of vitamins A, C, and E. The antinutrients evaluated were phytate, oxalate, saponin, and alkaloids, all of which were below toxic levels except for saponin which was observed at moderately high level. The results credibly indicate that H. arborescens leaves are nutrient‐rich and can contribute effectively to the daily nutrient requirements alongside its therapeutic properties.
Effect of Plantago ovata Forsk seed mucilage on survivability of Lactobacillus acidophilus, physicochemical and sensory attributes of produced low‐fat set yoghurt
Authors: Mehrinejad Choobari Seyedeh Zahra , Sari Abbas Ali , Daraei Garmakhany Amir 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNowadays, consumers’ attention to the functional foods has increased significantly. In this study, the effect of different concentration (0.5, 1, and 2%) of P.ovata Forsk seed mucilage (PFM) on survivability of L.acidophilus, physicochemical, and sensory attributes of produced low‐fat yoghurt were investigated in 0, 7, 14, and 21 days of storage period. Results showed that at the beginning of the storage period, the number of L.acidophilus in yoghurt samples containing PFM was significantly higher than control sample. The highest number of L.Acidophilus was observed in yoghurt sample contain 2% PFM (6.68 log CFU/g) on the first day of storage period. The lowest decrease of L.Acidophilus (0.2 log CFU/g) was observed in the sample contain 2% PFM. Treatments containing PFM had lower pH and higher acidity than the control sample. Addition of PFM to the yoghurt samples increased water holding capacity (WHC) during storage period significantly while syneresis decreased. The highest WHC (89%) and the lowest syneresis (6%) were observed in yoghurt sample containing 2% PFM. Sensory evaluation results showed that the treatments containing PFM were not significantly different in taste, but the probiotic yogurt containing 1% PFM had the highest acceptability in terms of total appearance and texture. Evaluation of L, a, and b values indicated that yoghurt sample containing 2% PFM was significantly lower in L and b values and higher in a value than the control sample. Therefore, using P.ovata Forsk seed mucilage in yoghurt sample formulation improved the physicochemical attributes and probiotic survivability of produced yoghurt sample.
When informal work and poor work conditions backfire and fuel the COVID‐19 pandemic: Why we should listen to the lessons from Latin America
Authors: Lotta Gabriela , Kuhlmann Ellen 
Published: December 2020

AbstractLatin America is among the regions with the highest incidence of COVID‐19 where the pandemic is creating a humanitarian crisis. In this Commentary we aim to reveal underlying problems of this crisis, that may be an underestimated global driver of the pandemic and a serious risk to health and healthcare systems. We set the focus on informal work and related poorly regulated sub‐contracting which create poor work conditions as one dimension of the social determinants of health. We use the examples of Germany and Brazil, as opposite sides geographically and concerning the pandemic, to highlight a need for greater attention to these risks and for systematic inclusion in health systems resilience. In both countries, informal work may turn into hot spots of COVID‐19, thus reinforcing social inequalities on a grand scale both nationally and globally. Our two contrasting country cases thus reveal a global threat that should be treated as such. There is much to learn for Europe and the world from Brazil and Latin America on what happens when informal labour and poor work environments backfire during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We should listen carefully to these lessons.
Transcription factor FOXA3 promotes the development of Hepatoblastoma via regulating HNF1A, AFP, and ZFHX3 expression
Authors: Zhan Xiaoyun , Zhao Alan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveIn this research paper, we aimed to study the role of FOXA3 in hepatoblastoma (HB) and the molecular mechanism.MethodsImmunohistochemistry was applied to determine the expression situation of FOXA3 and AFP in HB tissues and the adjacent normal tissues. FOXA3, HNF1A, and ZFHX3 expressions in HB tissues and the normal tissues were measured by Western blot. HB cell lines were randomly divided into 4 groups: Model, si‐NC, si‐FOXA3‐1, and si‐FOXA3‐2 group. The HB cell viability and colony formation characteristics in the 4 groups were explored by CCK‐8 and cell cloning formation assay, respectively. The expression of FOXA3, AFP, HNF1A, ZFHX3, and MYC in HB cells after knockdown of FOXA3 was measured.ResultsFOXA3, AFP, and HNF1A expressions were significantly up‐regulated in HB tissues, while ZFHX3 expression was down‐regulated. Knockdown of FOXA3 markedly inhibited HB cell viability and cloning formation ability. Knockdown of FOXA3 decreased FOXA3, AFP, and HNF1A/MYC expression, while increased ZFHX3 expression.ConclusionFOXA3 promotes the occurrence and development of HB by up‐regulating AFP and HNF1A/MYC expression, and down‐regulating ZFHX3 expression.
Prevalence of pretreatment HIV drug resistance in key populations: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Macdonald Virginia , Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Jordan Michael R , Mathers Bradley , Jay Sharon , Baggaley Rachel , Verster Annette , Bertagnolio Silvia 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIntroductionWHO’s 2019 report on HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) documents a high prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) among populations initiating first‐line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC). However, systematic evidence on the prevalence of PDR among key populations remains limited. We performed a systematic review to characterize levels of PDR in key population groups and compared them to levels of PDR in the “general population” across different geographical regions.MethodsTen electronic databases were searched for papers published until February 2019 that included predefined search terms. We included studies that reported the number of successfully tested genotypes and the number of genotypes with drug resistance mutations among antiretroviral therapy treatment naïve people, recently infected people, or people initiating first‐line ART from key populations. To assess the prevalence of PDR for each key population, we pooled estimates using random‐effects meta‐analysis of proportions. Where possible, we computed the differences in the odds of PDR (any, and by drug class) present in each key population compared to the “general population”. The I2 statistic (a measure of heterogeneity between studies) is reported.Results and discussionA total of 332 datasets (from 218 studies) and 63,111 people with successful HIVDR genotyping were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence estimate of any PDR was high among men who have sex with men (13.0%, 95% CI 11.0 to 14.0%, I2 = 93.19), sex workers (17.0%, 95% CI 6.0 – 32.0, I2 = 87.31%) and people in prisons (18.0%, 95% CI 11.0 to 25.0, I2 = 70.18%), but less so among people who inject drugs (7.0%, 95% CI 5.0 to 10.0, I2 = 90.23). Overall, men who have sex with men were more likely to carry any PDR compared to the “general population,” a finding which was statistically significant (odds ratio (OR) 1.28, 95% CI 1.13 – 1.46, I2 48.9%).ConclusionsHigh prevalence of PDR found in key populations highlights the need to increase access to effective first‐line HIV treatment. The low prevalence of nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) PDR suggests that current WHO recommendations for pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) regimens will remain effective and can be scaled up to prevent new HIV infections in high‐risk groups.
Denitrification, anammox, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium across a mosaic of estuarine benthic habitats
Authors: Chen Jian‐Jhih , Erler Dirk V. , Wells Naomi S. , Huang Jianyin , Welsh David T. , Eyre Bradley D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractEstuaries play a key role in moderating the flow of nitrogen (N) to marine ecosystems. However, the magnitude of this N removal can vary dramatically both within and between estuaries due to the benthic habitats present. Here, we compare denitrification, coupled nitrification–denitrification, anammox, and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) across a mosaic of benthic habitats in the subtropical Noosa River Estuary, Australia. Using 15N tracer techniques and passive pore‐water samplers, we show that coupled nitrification–denitrification was the dominant pathway for N2 production across all habitats, with higher rates in vegetated habitats (10–70 μmol N m−2 h−1) compared to bare sediments (0.9–2 μmol N m−2 h−1). Unusual pore‐water profiles in the macroalgal sediments suggest the presence of sulfur‐driven anoxic nitrification of NH4+ to NO3− and N2. A benthic N budget showed that combined denitrification and coupled nitrification–denitrification accounted approximately 96% of the N2 production, while DNRA accounted for 9% of total NO3− reduction pathways in the Noosa River Estuary. The macroalgae habitat contributed 76% of total N removal via N2 production and 65% of N retention via DNRA, despite accounting for only 25% of the total surface area. We show a strong relationship between seagrass and macroalgae area and N2 production (r2 = 0.8; p < 0.01), and as such, the capacity to mitigate reactive N loads in estuaries may decrease with the large‐scale loss of seagrass and other vegetated habitats.
Robust topology optimization methodology for continuum structures under probabilistic and fuzzy uncertainties
Authors: Meng Zeng , Wu Yang , Wang Xuan , Ren Shanhong , Yu Bo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOwing to the variations in geometric dimensions, material properties and external loads in engineering applications, robust topology optimization (RTO) has garnered increasing attention in recent years to account for the uncertain behaviors during the preliminary concept design phases. This paper presents a hybrid RTO method to simultaneously resolve the epistemic and aleatory uncertainties. First, based on the probabilistic and fuzzy methodologies, the hybrid RTO model is formulated with nested double optimization loops using Monte Carlo simulations. Second, an efficient iterative method is proposed based on the perturbation method to accelerate the rate of convergence of the proposed hybrid RTO model. The derivatives of the hybrid robust compliance objective function with respect to the deterministic design variables, random parameters, and fuzzy parameters are then derived using the adjoint variable method. Finally, a T‐shaped beam design, an L‐shaped beam design, and a three‐dimensional cantilever beam design are tested to validate the proposed hybrid RTO method.
Anxiety and Depression in Health Workers and General Population During COVID‐19 in IRAN: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Hassannia Leila , Taghizadeh Fatemeh , Moosazadeh Mahmood , Zarghami Mehran , Taghizadeh Hassan , Dooki Azadeh Fathi , Fathi Mohammad , Alizadeh‐Navaei Reza , Hedayatizadeh‐Omran Akbar , Dehghan Niloufar 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 outbreak has exerted a great deal of psychological pressure on Iranian health workers and the general population. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pandemic on anxiety and depression in Iranian population.MethodsAn online cross‐sectional study was conducted for the general public and healthcare workers in Iran using a questionnaire comprised of demographic questions and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Chi‐square test and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were conducted.ResultsOf the 2045 participants, 1136 (65.6%) were considered to have moderate and severe anxiety symptoms, and 865 (42.3%) had moderate and severe depression symptoms. The prevalence of anxiety was higher in the females than in the males (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.123‐1.643, P = .002); the prevalence of anxiety was significantly higher in those aged 30‐39 years than in other age‐groups (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.123‐2.320, P = .001); furthermore, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was significantly higher in doctors and nurses compared with other occupations ((OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.367‐2.491, P < .001) and (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.154‐2.021, P = .003)). In addition, the prevalence of anxiety symptoms in the likely infected COVID‐19 group was higher than in the noninfected COVID‐19 group (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.093‐1.654, P = .005).ConclusionsRegarding the high prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms, especially among healthcare workers, appropriate psychological/psychiatric intervention necessitates.