bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized trial results of alerting primary clinicians to severe weight loss among older adults in the Low Indexes of Metabolism Intervention Trial part A
Authors: Tsabar Nir , Press Yan , Rotman Johanna , Klein Bracha , Grossman Yonatan , Vainshtein‐Tal Maya , Eilat‐Tsanani Sophia 
Published: February 2020

AimTo test whether alerting clinicians to severe weight loss in older patients leads to higher dietitian visit rates, to higher body mass index (BMI) levels and, mainly, to lower annual death risk.MethodsThe randomized controlled trial included patients aged ≥75 years, with BMI ≤23 kg/m2 that decreased ≥2 kg/m2 during the previous 2 years. All participants received usual care. Additionally, an email alert was sent only to clinicians of participants assigned to the email alert group. The follow‐up period was 12 months.ResultsAmong 706 participants (mean age 83 ± 6 years; mean baseline BMI 20.5 kg/m2), the BMI record was updated in 541 (77%) participants, and 123 participants died. Dietitian visits were reported for 22 patients (6%) in the email group (n = 362) and 14 patients (4%) in the control group (n = 344; OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.8–2.9; P = 0.24). Measured BMI were raised by a mean of 0.69 (95% CI 0.43–0.95) kg/m2 versus 0.79 (95% CI 0.48–1.1) kg/m2 (P = 0.63). A total of 77 patients (21%) died in the intervention group versus 47 (14%) in the control group (P = 0.008; number needed to harm = 13; 95% CI 7–43).ConclusionsIn this trial, alerting clinical staff to severe weight loss in patients aged ≥75 years was not associated with higher visit rates to a dietitian or change in BMI, but was associated with a significantly higher death rate than usual clinical care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 329–335.
Switching tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to tenofovir alafenamide in a real life setting: what are the implications?
Authors: Schwarze‐Zander C , Piduhn H , Boesecke C , Schlabe S , Stoffel‐Wagner B , Wasmuth JC , Strassburg CP , Rockstroh JK 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesDevelopment of novel antiretrovirals aims at reducing long‐term toxicities. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) has been associated with potential nephrotoxicity. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of switching from TDF to tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) on functional nephropathy and lipid parameters in a real‐life setting.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed data from 347 HIV‐infected patients switching from a TDF‐ to a TAF‐containing regimen between April and December 2016. Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected at TDF‐to‐TAF switch, and at 3 and 6 months thereafter. Proteinuria and albuminuria were classified according to Kidney Diseases Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines.ResultsAt time of switch, moderately and severely increased proteinuria was detected in 32% and 8% of patients, respectively; however, urine dipstick analysis was negative in 84% and 42%, respectively. Moderately and severely increased albuminuria was found in 17% and 3% of patients, respectively. In patients with a urinary protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (UPCR) ≥ 150 mg/g, the mean value declined from 416 mg/g at baseline to 272 mg/g (P < 0.001) and 242 mg/g (P < 0.001) after 3 and 6 months, respectively. Patients with an albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥ 30 mg/g showed no significant decrease of albuminuria. Mean total cholesterol increased from 187 mg/dL at baseline to 202 (P < 0.001) and 208 mg/dL (P < 0.001) at 3 and 6 months, respectively, and mean low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol increased from 114 mg/dL at baseline to 124 (P < 0.001) and 128 mg/dL (P < 0.001), respectively. As mean high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased from 50 mg/dL at baseline to 54 (P < 0.001) and 57 mg/dL (P < 0.001) at 3 and 6 months, respectively, the LDL:HDL ratio remained stable.ConclusionsIn an aging HIV‐infected cohort, proteinuria and albuminuria were common findings and were underdiagnosed via urine dipstick. Our real‐life data suggest that laboratory markers of moderately/severely increased proteinuria improved after TDF‐to‐TAF‐switch. Lipid profiles were not aggravated. Long‐term follow‐up is needed to determine the clinical benefit of the TDF‐to‐TAF switch.
Association between interferon lambda 3 rs12979860 polymorphism and clinical outcome in dengue virus‐infected children
Authors: da Silva Cezar Renata Duarte , da Silva Castanha Priscila Mayrelle , Matos Freire Naishe , Mola Carla , Feliciano do Carmo Rodrigo , Tenório Cordeiro Marli , Baptista Paulo , Silva Vasconcelos Luydson Richardson , Moura Patrícia , da Silva Teixeira Vanessa Gabryelle 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in immune‐related genes have been shown to play a role in driving the development of the severe phenotypes of dengue virus (DENV) infection. We assessed the association between IFNL3 gene SNP (rs12979860) and dengue clinical outcomes in children. Patients with dengue‐related symptoms (aged 1–15 years) admitted at a public hospital in Northeast Brazil were invited to participate. The association between rs12979860 polymorphism and dengue classification and clinical signs and symptoms were analysed. A total of 206 DENV‐infected children were included: 53.4% of the infections were classified as severe dengue. The T allele carriers had higher risk of developing severe dengue when compared to CC genotype carriers (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 0.98–3.32 p = .054). The T allele carriers also showed longer fever episodes when compared to patients with the CC genotype (OR: 1.90; 95%CI: 1.07–3.38; p = .027). On the other hand, the ones carrying the CT/TT genotype had 70% lower chance of developing thrombocytopenia when compared to those with the CC genotype (OR: 0.30; 95%CI: 0.08–0.88; p = .042). Our findings demonstrated that the T allele carriers of the IFNL3 gene had higher risk of developing severe dengue, suggesting a link between IFN‐λ expression and DENV immunopathogenesis.
A 6‐month randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of weekly exenatide in adolescents with obesity
Authors: Weghuber D. , Forslund A. , Ahlström H. , Alderborn A. , Bergström K. , Brunner S. , Cadamuro J. , Ciba I. , Dahlbom M. , Heu V. , Hofmann J. , Kristinsson H. , Kullberg J. , Ladinger A. , Lagler F. B. , Lidström M. , Manell H. , Meirik M. , Mörwald K. , Roomp K. , Schneider R. , Vilén H. , Widhalm K. , Zsoldos F. , Bergsten P. 
Published: February 2020

SummaryBackgroundPharmacological treatment options for adolescents with obesity are very limited. Glucagon‐like‐peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonist could be a treatment option for adolescent obesity.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of exenatide extended release on body mass index (BMI)‐SDS as primary outcome, and glucose metabolism, cardiometabolic risk factors, liver steatosis, and other BMI metrics as secondary outcomes, and its safety and tolerability in adolescents with obesity.MethodsSix‐month, randomized, double‐blinded, parallel, placebo‐controlled clinical trial in patients (n = 44, 10‐18 years, females n = 22) with BMI‐SDS > 2.0 or age‐adapted‐BMI > 30 kg/m2 according to WHO were included. Patients received lifestyle intervention and were randomized to exenatide extended release 2 mg (n = 22) or placebo (n = 22) subcutaneous injections given once weekly. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were conducted at the beginning and end of the intervention.ResultsExenatide reduced (P < .05) BMI‐SDS (−0.09; −0.18, 0.00), % BMI 95th percentile (−2.9%; −5.4, −0.3), weight (−3 kg; −5.8, −0.1), waist circumference (−3.2 cm; −5.8, −0.7), subcutaneous adipose tissue (−552 cm3; −989, −114), 2‐hour‐glucose during OGTT (−15.3 mg/dL; −27.5, −3.1), total cholesterol (11.6 mg/dL; −21.7, −1.5), and BMI (−0.83 kg/m2; −1.68, 0.01) without significant change in liver fat content (−1.36; −3.12, 0.4; P = .06) in comparison to placebo. Safety and tolerability profiles were comparable to placebo with the exception of mild adverse events being more frequent in exenatide‐treated patients.ConclusionsTreatment of adolescents with severe obesity with extended‐release exenatide is generally well tolerated and leads to a modest reduction in BMI metrics and improvement in glucose tolerance and cholesterol. The study indicates that the treatment provides additional beneficial effects beyond BMI reduction for the patient group.
Rapid detection of an I38T amino acid substitution in influenza polymerase acidic subunit associated with reduced susceptibility to baloxavir marboxil
Authors: Nakauchi Mina , Takashita Emi , Fujisaki Seiichiro , Shirakura Masayuki , Ogawa Rie , Morita Hiroko , Miura Hideka , Saito Shinji , Watanabe Shinji , Odagiri Takato , Kageyama Tsutomu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe novel cap‐dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir marboxil was approved in February 2018 for the treatment of influenza virus infection in Japan. In vitro studies have revealed that an I38T substitution in the polymerase acidic subunit (PA) is associated with reduced susceptibility of influenza viruses to baloxavir.ObjectivesDevelopment of a rapid and simple method for monitoring influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and B viruses possessing the I38T substitution in PA.MethodsThree assays were developed based on RNase H2‐dependent PCR (rhPCR) and named A/H1pdm PA_I38T rhPCR, A/H3 PA_I38T rhPCR, and B PA_I38T rhPCR. The assays were evaluated using cDNAs synthesized from in vitro‐transcribed PA gene RNA controls, RNAs purified from viruses isolated in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 influenza seasons, and RNAs purified from clinical specimens collected in the 2018/2019 influenza season.ResultsThe assays developed in this study accurately discriminated PA I38 and PA T38 with high sensitivity.ConclusionsOur assays should be considered a powerful tool for monitoring the emergence of baloxavir‐resistant influenza viruses.
Measurement properties and factor analysis of the Diabetic Foot Ulcer Scale‐short form (DFS‐SF)
Authors: de Oliveira Kaizer Uiara A. , Alexandre Neusa M. C. , Rodrigues Roberta C. M. , Cornélio Marilia E. , de Melo Lima Maria H. , São‐João Thaís M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to provide measurement properties evaluation and factor analysis of the Brazilian version of the diabetic foot ulcer scale‐short form (DFS‐SF). This methodological study evaluated the measurement properties of the DFS‐SF by ceiling and floor effect reliability, responsiveness, and structural construct validity. The study included 290 people with diabetic foot under regular follow‐up in a specialised outpatient clinic in inland São Paulo. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Ceiling and floor effects were assessed by the percentage of participants who scored the 15% worst (floor) and 15% best (ceiling) possible scale results. Validity was tested by correlating the instrument values with the domains of the Brazilian version of the Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36). Responsiveness (n = 34) was accessed through the wound area obtained by photography and evaluated by the Image J Features program and the DFS‐SF score at two moments, with a 4‐week interval between them. The instrument had good evidence of reliability, shown by adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha in domains >0.70) and compound reliability (0.84 > CC > 0.92); and of convergent validity, by significant positive correlations of moderate to strong magnitude with SF‐36. Structural construct validity was examined by applying the DFS‐SF confirmatory factor analysis, which indicated that the Brazilian version of the instrument is properly fitted to the original dimensional structure. The ceiling and floor effect analysis showed no ceiling or floor effects. Responsiveness was observed in the wound area, but not in the DFS‐SF scores in the times. The Brazilian version of the DFS‐SF presented evidence of validity and reliability, suggesting that this instrument is a valid tool for assessing the quality of life of people with diabetic foot in the Brazilian population.
Adherence to antihypertensive drug treatment in Argentina: A multicenter study
Authors: Espeche Walter , Salazar Martin R. , Sabio Rodrigo , Diaz Alejandro , Leiva Sisnieguez Carlos , Olano Daniel , Balbin Eduardo , Renna Nicolas , Grosse Pedro , Flores Roberto A. , Lagos Ana C. , Ferrer Pablo , Poppe Silvia , Risso Patron Facundo , Sotnieczuk Stasiuk Victor D. , Valentini Elina , Cardozo Jose R. , Romano Jose R. , Parodi Roberto , Carbajal Horacio 
Published: February 2020

AbstractAdherence to antihypertensive medication is an important challenge that doctors often face in the treatment of hypertension. Good adherence is crucial to prevent cardiovascular complications. In consequence, the present study aimed at determining the prevalence of adherence to antihypertensive treatment and identifying associated clinical variables. A multicenter cross‐sectional study was conducted in 12 cities of Argentina. A systematic sampling was performed in order to select patients with hypertension and under pharmacological treatment for at least 6 months. Physicians took three BP measurements, and the level of adherence was assessed using the self‐administered Morisky questionnaire (MMAS‐8). Participants were classified into three levels of adherence: high adherence—MMAS score of 8; medium adherence—MMAS scores of 6 to <8; and low adherence—MMAS scores of <6. A total of 1111 individuals (62 ± 12 years old, women 49.4%) were included in the present analysis; 159 (14.3%), 329 (29.6%) and 623 (56.1%) patients had low, medium, and high adherence, respectively. The prevalence of controlled hypertension increased only in high adherent patients: 42.8%, 42.2%, and 64.5% for low, medium, and high adherence groups, respectively. Similarly, systolic BP was lower only in the high adherence group. High educational level (OR 3.47, 95% CI 2.68‐4.49) and diuretic treatment (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.47‐0.88) were independent predictors of high adherence. In conclusion, more than a half of treated hypertensive patients had a high level of adherence. These patients had lower BP values and higher control levels. A high educational level predicts high adherence.
A critical role of the KCa3.1 channel in mechanical stretch‐induced proliferation of rat bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Jia Xiaoling , Su Hao , Chen Xinlan , Huang Yangbi , Zheng Yufan , Ji Pei , Gao Chao , Gong Xianghui , Huang Yan , Jiang Lin‐Hua , Fan Yubo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMechanical stimulation is an important factor regulating mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) functions such as proliferation. The Ca2+‐activated K+ channel, KCa3.1, is critically engaged in MSC proliferation but its role in mechanical regulation of MSC proliferation remains unknown. Here, we examined the KCa3.1 channel expression and its role in rat bone marrow‐derived MSC (BMSC) proliferation in response to mechanical stretch. Application of mechanical stretch stimulated BMSC proliferation via promoting cell cycle progression. Such mechanical stimulation up‐regulated the KCa3.1 channel expression and pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the KCa3.1 channel strongly suppressed stretch‐induced increase in cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. These results support that the KCa3.1 channel plays an important role in transducing mechanical forces to MSC proliferation. Our finding provides new mechanistic insights into how mechanical stimuli regulate MSC proliferation and also a viable bioengineering approach to improve MSC proliferation.
Histamine deficiency facilitates coronary microthrombosis after myocardial infarction by increasing neutrophil‐platelet interactions
Authors: Li Hui , Tang Chao , Zhu Xiaowei , Zhang Weiwei , Abudupataer Mieradilijiang , Ding Suling , Duan Caiwen , Yang Xiangdong , Ge Junbo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractNeutrophil‐platelet interactions are responsible for thrombosis as well as inflammatory responses following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). While histamine has been shown to play a crucial role in many physiological and pathological processes, its effects on neutrophil‐platelet interactions in thromboinflammatory complications of AMI remain elusive. In this study, we show a previously unknown mechanism by which neutrophil‐derived histamine protects the infarcted heart from excessive neutrophil‐platelet interactions and redundant arterial thrombosis. Using histamine‐deficient (histidine decarboxylase knockout, HDC−/−) and wild‐type murine AMI models, we demonstrate that histamine deficiency increases the number of microthrombosis after AMI, in accordance with depressed cardiac function. Histamine‐producing myeloid cells, mainly Ly6G+ neutrophils, directly participate in arteriole thrombosis. Histamine deficiency elevates platelet activation and aggregation by enhancing Akt phosphorylation and leads to dysfunctional characteristics in neutrophils which was confirmed by high levels of reactive oxygen species production and CD11b expression. Furthermore, HDC−/− platelets were shown to elicit neutrophil extracellular nucleosomes release, provoke neutrophil‐platelet interactions and promote HDC‐expressing neutrophils recruitment in arteriole thrombosis in vivo. In conclusion, we provide evidence that histamine deficiency promotes coronary microthrombosis and deteriorates cardiac function post‐AMI, which is associated with the enhanced platelets/neutrophils function and neutrophil‐platelet interactions.
Cardiac calcium dysregulation in mice with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ke Hung‐Yen , Chin Li‐Han , Tsai Chien‐Sung , Lin Feng‐Zhi , Chen Yen‐Hui , Chang Yung‐Lung , Huang Shih‐Ming , Chen Yao‐Chang , Lin Chih‐Yuan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCardiovascular complications are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD significantly affects cardiac calcium (Ca2+) regulation, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. The present study investigated the modulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in CKD mice. Echocardiography revealed impaired fractional shortening (FS) and stroke volume (SV) in CKD mice. Electrocardiography showed that CKD mice exhibited longer QT interval, corrected QT (QTc) prolongation, faster spontaneous activities, shorter action potential duration (APD) and increased ventricle arrhythmogenesis, and ranolazine (10 µmol/L) blocked these effects. Conventional microelectrodes and the Fluo‐3 fluorometric ratio techniques indicated that CKD ventricular cardiomyocytes exhibited higher Ca2+ decay time, Ca2+ sparks, and Ca2+ leakage but lower [Ca2+]i transients and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ contents. The CaMKII inhibitor KN93 and ranolazine (RAN; late sodium current inhibitor) reversed the deterioration in Ca2+ handling. Western blots revealed that CKD ventricles exhibited higher phosphorylated RyR2 and CaMKII and reduced phosphorylated SERCA2 and SERCA2 and the ratio of PLB‐Thr17 to PLB. In conclusions, the modulation of CaMKII, PLB and late Na+ current in CKD significantly altered cardiac Ca2+ regulation and electrophysiological characteristics. These findings may apply on future clinical therapies.
A polysaccharide from the dried rhizome of Drynaria fortunei (Kunze) J. Sm. prevents ovariectomized (OVX)‐induced osteoporosis in rats
Authors: Sun Xin , Wei Bo , Peng Zhiheng , Chen Xiaru , Fu Qinglong , Wang Chaojun , Zhen Jinchang , Sun Jiecong 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the present study, a homogenous polysaccharide (DFPW) was isolated and purified from the dried rhizome of Drynaria fortunei, and its protective effect against osteoporosis was investigated in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Histological analysis indicated that oral administration of DFPW (100 and 400 mg/kg) for 12 weeks significantly improved trabecular bone mass, as demonstrated by the increase in trabecular area, trabecular thickness and its number in OVX rats. Furthermore, the decline of bone mineral density and bone mineral content including Ca, P and Mg induced by OVX was reversed by the DFPW administration. This function was achieved by the decreased levels of the bone turnover markers, such as serum ALP, urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD), Ca and P excretions. Besides, DFPW improved biomechanical parameters (maximum load, energy, Young's, modulus and maximum stress) to strengthen the hardness and strength femoral diaphysis in OVX rats. These results strongly suggested that DFPW might be a hopeful alternative therapeutics to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Effects of two seminal fluid transcripts on post‐mating behaviour in the simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworm Macrostomum lignano
Authors: Weber Michael , Patlar Bahar , Ramm Steven A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) transferred to mating partners along with sperm often play crucial roles in mediating post‐mating sexual selection. One way in which sperm donors can maximize their own reproductive success is by modifying the partner's (sperm recipient's) post‐copulatory behaviour to prevent or delay re‐mating, thereby decreasing the likelihood or intensity of sperm competition. Here, we adopted a quantitative genetic approach combining gene expression and behavioural data to identify candidates that could mediate such a response in the simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworm Macrostomum lignano. We identified two putative SFPs—Mlig‐pro46 and Mlig‐pro63—linked to both mating frequency and ‘suck’ frequency, a distinctive behaviour, in which, upon ejaculate receipt, the worm places its pharynx over its female genital opening and apparently attempts to remove the received ejaculate. We, therefore, performed a manipulative experiment using RNA interference‐induced knockdown to ask how the loss of Mlig‐pro46 and Mlig‐pro63 expression, singly and in combination, affects mating frequency, partner suck propensity and sperm competitive ability. None of the knockdown treatments impacted strongly on the mating frequency or sperm competitive ability, but knockdown of Mlig‐pro63 resulted in a significantly decreased suck propensity of mating partners. This suggests that Mlig‐pro63 may normally act as a cue in the ejaculate to trigger recipient suck behaviour and—given that other proteins in the ejaculate have the opposite effect—could be one component of an ongoing arms race between donors and recipients over the control of ejaculate fate. However, the adaptive significance of Mlig‐pro46 and Mlig‐pro63 from a donor perspective remains enigmatic.
Movie release strategy: Theory and evidence from international distribution
Authors: Cabral Luís , Natividad Gabriel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChoosing the right time to release a new movie may be the difference between success and failure. Prior research states that the “bigger” a blockbuster is, the more likely it is (and should be) released during a high‐demand week. We present a theoretical framework which is consistent with this observation but adds a rather surprising theoretical prediction: among non‐blockbuster (i.e., niche) movies, everything else constant, the greater a movie's appeal, the more likely it is released during a low‐demand week. In other words, the relation between movie appeal and high‐demand‐week release is U‐shaped: it decreases at low levels of overall appeal (niche movies) and increases at high levels of overall appeal (blockbusters). We provide intuition for this novel result and argue that it is robust to a number of changes in functional form assumptions. We then show that the theoretical results are consistent with the evidence from an extensive data set on international releases. Specifically, we run a series of movie‐country‐pair regressions with high‐demand‐week‐release as a dependent variable and exogenous shocks to the movie's appeal as an explanatory variable. As predicted by theory, the regression coefficients have opposite signs for the blockbuster and non‐blockbuster cases.