bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LONG RUN ECONOMIC GROWTH PERFORMANCE IN LATIN AMERICA – 1820–2016
Authors: Hofman André A. , Valderrama Patricio 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper provides an assessment of Latin America's long‐run performance from a comparative and historical perspective and concentrates on quantification of long‐run GDP growth and measurement of factor inputs and total factor productivity (TFP). Growth accounting shows the contribution of factor inputs (capital and labor) and TFP to output growth. What is new: capital and labor services are estimated for a group of nine countries, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela, and we widen the time frame of analysis to 1820–2016. This kind of exercise may serve different purposes such as explaining differences in growth rates between countries and assessing the role of technical progress. The overall GDP growth rate of the Latin American economies over the 1820–2016 period was somewhat above 3%. In the long run, the main differences in factor contributions to growth can be found in capital and, especially, in TFP. Capital contributed on average 1.45% to GDP growth over the whole period. However, the main culprit of the mediocre performance of Latin America compared to other developed and developing countries is TFP. TFP contributed over the whole period a mere 0.25% to Latin American GDP growth and was negative in several subperiods.
Fetus of 8q22.2q24.3 duplication and 13q33.2q34 deletion derived from a maternal balanced translocation
Authors: Liu Tong , Xie Huihui , Zhang Jingbo , Wang Xia , Sha Jing , Zhai Jingfang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe concomitant occurrence of 8q duplication and 13q deletion is the first to be detected by noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) to date. Through case analysis, we could provide a clinical approach to pregnant women with chromosomal abnormalities revealed by NIPT. The combination of traditional karyotype and copy number variation sequencing (CNV‐seq) could better locate the abnormal chromosomal region and further identify the source of fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Simultaneously, we evaluated the fetal morphology by ultrasound examination. The karyotype of the fetus was 46,XY,der(13)t(8;13)(q22;q32)mat and CNV‐seq results showed that there was an approximately 45.26‐Mb duplication in 8q22.2‐q24.3 (101040001–146 300 000) and an approximately 9.54‐Mb deletion in 13q33.2‐q34 (105560001–115 100 000). Prenatal ultrasound revealed the fetal structural abnormalities presented with hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis, a flat nose, echogenic bowel and absent gallbladder. Herein, we consider that combination detection of traditional karyotyping, CNV‐seq and ultrasonography provides a valuable method for pregnant women with abnormal NIPT.
Does skilled migration reduce investment in human capital? An investigation on educational choices in Italian regions (2001–2016)
Authors: Nifo Annamaria , Scalera Domenico , Vecchione Gaetano 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the effects of prospective migration on students’ investment in tertiary education. A simple theoretical model is presented in which individual educational choices, different across potential students because of heterogeneity in migration costs, are driven by expected returns and costs of tertiary education. In this framework, a larger probability of after‐graduation migration is shown to affect educational choices by both reducing the rate of enrollment at home and favoring pre‐graduation migration (i.e., enrollment at universities outside the residence region). The theoretical predictions are confirmed by the empirical investigation carried out on Italian interregional graduate migration in 2001–2016. In the lagging regions of Southern Italy, out‐migration of students and graduates, and weak incentives to acquire tertiary education turn out to bring about depletion of local human capital.
Effectiveness of blood flow‐restricted slow walking on mobility in severe multiple sclerosis: A pilot randomized trial
Authors: Lamberti Nicola , Straudi Sofia , Donadi Maria , Tanaka Hirofumi , Basaglia Nino , Manfredini Fabio 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveWe tested the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of blood flow restriction‐empowered low‐intensity interval walking exercise (BFR‐W) compared with conventional intensive overground walking (CON‐W) at improving gait speed and functional capacity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and severe gait disabilities.Methods24 patients (58 ± 5 years; 7 males) with progressive MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale 5.5 − 6.5) were randomized to receive 12 rehabilitation sessions over 6 weeks. The BFR‐W group (n = 12) performed interval walking (speed paced by a metronome that increased weekly) with BFR bands at the thighs. The CON‐W group (n = 12) received physiotherapist‐assisted overground walking therapy. The primary outcome was gait speed, measured by the timed 25‐foot walk test. Secondary outcomes included walking endurance, balance, strength, fatigue, and quality of life. The measurements were collected at baseline, at the end of training, and a 6‐week follow‐up.ResultsThe two groups did not present any baseline difference. BFR‐W group safely walked without limitations due to sleeve compression, with lower increase in perceived exertion (RPE) (P < .001) and heart rate (P = .031) compared with the CON‐W. Gait speed improved significantly in both groups (BFR‐W + 13%; CON‐W + 5%) with greater increases in the BFR‐W group at end of the training (P = .001) and at the follow‐up (P = .041). Most of the secondary outcomes significantly improved in the two groups, without between‐group differences.ConclusionsSlow interval walking with moderate BFR to the lower limbs was superior to overground walking in improving gait speed in patients with MS with a lower training load and a more durable clinical benefit.
A network physiology approach to oxygen saturation variability during normobaric hypoxia
Authors: Jiang Yuji , Costello Joseph T. , Williams Thomas B. , Panyapiean Nawamin , Bhogal Amar S. , Tipton Michael J. , Corbett Jo , Mani Ali R. 
Published: July 2020

New FindingsWhat is the central question of this study?What is the physiological interpretation offluctuations observed during normobaric hypoxia in healthy individuals?What is the main finding and its importance?There is a significant flow of information betweenand other cardio‐respiratory time series during graded hypoxia. Analysis of the pattern ofvariations has potential for non‐invasive assessment of the engagement of respiratory control system in health and disease.AbstractPeripheral capillary oxygen saturation () exhibits a complex pattern of fluctuations during hypoxia. The physiological interpretation ofvariability is not well understood. In this study, we tested the hypothesis thatfluctuation carries information about integrated cardio‐respiratory control in healthy individuals using a network physiology approach. We explored the use of transfer entropy in order to compute the flow of information between cardio‐respiratory signals during hypoxia. Twelve healthy males (mean (SD) age 22 (4) years) were exposed to four simulated environments (fraction of inspired oxygen (): 0.12, 0.145, 0.17, and 0.2093) for 45 min, in a single blind randomized controlled design. The flow of information between different physiological parameters (, respiratory frequency, tidal volume, minute ventilation, heart rate, end‐tidal pressure of O2and CO2) were analysed using transfer entropy. Normobaric hypoxia was associated with a significant increase in entropy of thetime series. The transfer entropy analysis showed that, particularly at0.145 and 0.12, the flow of information betweenand other physiological variables exhibits a bidirectional relationship. While reciprocal interactions were observed between different cardio‐respiratory parameters during hypoxia,remained the main hub of this network.fluctuations during graded hypoxia exposure carry information about cardio‐respiratory control. Therefore,entropy analysis has the potential for non‐invasive assessment of the functional connectivity of respiratory control system in various healthcare settings.
Prevention strategies to reduce future impact of low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: de Campos Tarcisio F , Maher Chris G , Fuller Joel T , Steffens Daniel , Attwell Stephanie , Hancock Mark J 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of prevention strategies to reduce future impact of low back pain (LBP), where impact is measured by LBP intensity and associated disability.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro and The Cochrane (CENTRAL) databases from inception to 22 October 2018.Eligibility criteriaRCTs evaluating any intervention aiming to prevent future impact of LBP, reporting an outcome measure of LBP intensity and/or disability measured at least 3 months post-randomisation, and the intervention group must be compared with a group that received no intervention/placebo or minimal intervention. Trials restricting recruitment to participants with current LBP were excluded.Results27 published reports of 25 different trials including a total of 8341 participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The pooled results, from three RCTs (612 participants), found moderate-quality evidence that an exercise programme can prevent future LBP intensity (mean difference (MD) −4.50; 95% CI −7.26 to −1.74), and from 4 RCTs (471 participants) that an exercise and education programme can prevent future disability due to LBP (MD −6.28; 95% CI −9.51 to −3.06). It is uncertain whether prevention programmes improve future quality of life (QoL) and workability due to the overall low-quality and very low-quality available evidence.ConclusionsThis review provides moderate-quality evidence that an exercise programme, and a programme combining exercise and education, are effective to reduce future LBP intensity and associated disability. It is uncertain whether prevention programmes can improve future QoL and workability. Further high-quality RCTs evaluating prevention programmes aiming to reduce future impact of LBP are needed.
Motivating doctors into leadership and management: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Bäker Agnes , Bech Mickael , Geerts Jaason , Maigaard Axelsen Susanne , Ullum Henrik , Krabbe Marie P , Goodall Amanda H 
Published: July 2020

PurposeCalls for doctors to enter management are louder as the benefits of medical leadership become clearer. However, supply is not meeting demand. This study asks doctors (physicians): what might encourage you to go into leadership, and what are the disincentives? The same was asked about leadership training. First, the paper tries to understand doctors’ motivation to lead, specifically, to explore the job characteristics that act as incentives and disincentives. Second, the study points to organisational obstacles that further shrink the medical leadership pipeline.MethodDoctors were surveyed through the Organization of Danish Medical Societies. Our key variables included: (1) the incentives and disincentives for doctors of going into leadership and management and (2) the motivation to participate in leadership training. Our sample of 3534 doctors (17% response) is representative of the population of doctors in Denmark.FindingsThe main reason why doctors are motivated towards leadership is to make a difference. They are put off by fears of extra administration, longer hours, burnout, lack of resources and by organisational cultures resistant to change. However, doctors are aware of their need for leadership development prior to entering management.Practical implicationsTo improve succession planning, health systems should adapt to reflect the incentives of their potential medical leaders. Leadership training is also essential. These changes are especially important now; medical leaders are linked positively to organisational and patient outcomes and have been central in responding to COVID-19, stress and burnout among clinical staff continues to rise, and health systems face recruitment and retention challenges.
Shear wave elastography and microvascular ultrasound in response evaluation to calcipotriol+betamethasone foam in plaque psoriasis
Authors: Guazzaroni Manlio , Ferrari Donatella , Lamacchia Feliciana , Marisi Vanessa , Tatulli Doriana , Marsico Salvatore , Orlacchio Antonio , Floris Roberto , Bianchi Luca , Dattola Annunziata 
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTPsoriasis (PsO) is a chronic skin disease. This study aims to evaluate clinical and subclinical response to calcipotriol+betamethasone foam, in patients with PsO, comparing, for the first time, data from microvascular ultrasound (MicroV) and shear wave elastography (SWE) with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI).MethodsBetween November 2018 and April 2019 in Tor Vergata Hospital (Roma, Italy), we enrolled 26 patients with PsO who were ageds 20–75 years, with PASI score ≥4, candidated for calcipotriol+betamethasone foam treatment. They underwent MicroV and SWE evaluation at baseline (T0) and after 4 weeks of treatment (T4). Clinical follow-up was carried on at T4, T8 and T12. Student’s t-test (p values&lt;0.05 statistically significant) was used to compare SWE and PASI values.ResultsAt T0, SWE stiffness values of target plaques (61.5% on elbows, 23% knees, 7.7% sacrum,7.7% legs) were significantly higher than values under healthy skin. At T4, all patients showed a significant reduction of PASI; MicroV showed reduction in vascularisation of responsive plaques in 85% of cases, only in 15%, the vascularisation degree remained stable; and SWE values of target plaques were significantly lower compared with T0. Only in 7.7%, there was a relapse at T12.ConclusionsCalcipotriol+betamethasone foam is a very effective topical treatment in a short-medium term follow-up in patients with PsO. MicroV and SWE evaluate response to treatment (in term of plaque vascularisation and stiffness), so they could represent promising early indicators of therapeutic response and help the physician to establish a better clinical-therapeutic management of patients with PsO.
Trends of lymphoma incidence in US veterans with rheumatoid arthritis, 2002–2017
Authors: Singh Namrata , Gao Yubo , Field Elizabeth , Link Brian K , Weiss Noel , Curtis Jeffrey R , Lynch Charles F , Vaughan-Sarrazin Mary 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivePast epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated a link between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the incidence of lymphoma and it has been posited that high systemic inflammatory activity is a major risk determinant of lymphomagenesis. Given advances in the therapeutic armamentarium for RA management in recent years, the resulting lower level of disease activity could have led to a decline in lymphoma incidence in patients with RA. This study examined recent trends in lymphoma incidence in US veterans with RA.MethodsPatients with RA were identified in the Veterans Affairs (VA) Corporate Data Warehouse. Lymphoma incidence was identified through the end of 2018 from the VA Central Cancer Registry and compared among patients diagnosed during 2003–2005, 2006–2008, 2009–2011 and 2012–2014.ResultsAmong persons diagnosed with RA during 2003–2005, the incidence of lymphoma in the next 6 years was 2.0 per 1000 person-years. There was a steady decline in lymphoma incidence during the corresponding 6 years following diagnosis in the subsequent three cohorts, with a rate of 1.5 per 1000 person-years in the 2012–2014 cohort (incidence relative to that in the 2003–2005 cohort=0.79 (95% CI 0.58 to 1.1)). There was no similar decline in lymphoma incidence in VA patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis.ConclusionWe observed a decline in lymphoma incidence in recent years among American veterans with RA. Further studies are needed to evaluate the specific factors driving this decline.
Fibulin-1 Integrates Subendothelial Extracellular Matrices and Contributes to Anatomical Closure of the Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Ito Satoko , Yokoyama Utako , Nakakoji Taichi , Cooley Marion A. , Sasaki Takako , Hatano Sonoko , Kato Yuko , Saito Junichi , Nicho Naoki , Iwasaki Shiho , Umemura Masanari , Fujita Takayuki , Masuda Munetaka , Asou Toshihide , Ishikawa Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2020

Objective:
The ductus arteriosus (DA) is a fetal artery connecting the aorta and pulmonary arteries. Progressive matrix remodeling, that is, intimal thickening (IT), occurs in the subendothelial region of DA to bring anatomic DA closure. IT is comprised of multiple ECMs (extracellular matrices) and migrated smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Because glycoprotein fibulin-1 binds to multiple ECMs and regulates morphogenesis during development, we investigated the role of fibulin-1 in DA closure.

Approach and Results:

Fibulin-1–deficient (
Fbln1
−/−
) mice exhibited patent DA with hypoplastic IT. An unbiased transcriptome analysis revealed that EP4 (prostaglandin E receptor 4) stimulation markedly increased fibulin-1 in DA-SMCs via phospholipase C-NFκB (nuclear factor κB) signaling pathways. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis demonstrated that fibulin-1 binding protein versican was derived from DA-endothelial cells (ECs). We examined the effect of fibulin-1 on directional migration toward ECs in association with versican by using cocultured DA-SMCs and ECs. EP4 stimulation promoted directional DA-SMC migration toward ECs, which was attenuated by either silencing fibulin-1 or versican. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that fibulin-1 and versican V0/V1 were coexpressed at the IT of wild-type DA, whereas 30% of versican-deleted mice lacking a hyaluronan binding site displayed patent DA. Fibulin-1 expression was attenuated in the EP4-deficient mouse (
Ptger4
−/−
) DA, which exhibits patent DA with hypoplastic IT, and fibulin-1 protein administration restored IT formation. In human DA, fibulin-1 and versican were abundantly expressed in SMCs and ECs, respectively.

Conclusions:
Fibulin-1 contributes to DA closure by forming an environment favoring directional SMC migration toward the subendothelial region, at least, in part, in combination with EC-derived versican and its binding partner hyaluronan.
Association between social support and anxiety among pregnant women in the third trimester during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Qingdao, China: The mediating effect of risk perception
Authors: Yue Chongyu , Liu Cuiping , Wang Jing , Zhang Meng , Wu Hongjing , Li Chunrong , Yang Xiuling 
Published: July 2020

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a threat to the mental health of pregnant women. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social support and anxiety, and the mediating effect of risk perception during the COVID-19 epidemic in the third trimester pregnant women in Qingdao, China. Methods: From 16 to 21 February 2020, an online survey was conducted, which collected the information on demographic data, anxiety, social support and risk perception to COVID-19 of women with established medical records in the ambulatory of the Department of Obstetrics at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. Anxiety was assessed by the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), social support was assessed by the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and risk perception was assessed by a self-designed questionnaire. Results: This study had 308 participants with an average of 31.02 ± 3.91 years. During the period of prevention and control of the epidemic, most pregnant women adopted protective measures, such as wearing masks (97.4%), washing hands frequently (88.3%) and staying at home (76.3%). The average SAS, SSRS and risk perception scores of the participants were 42.45 ± 6.98, 44.60 ± 7.00 and 21.60 ± 5.74, respectively. The total effect of maternal social support on anxiety was −2.63 (95% confidence interval (CI): −4.40 ~ −1.44, p < .001), the direct effect was −1.44 (95% CI: −2.74 ~ −0.35, p < .05) and the indirect effect was −1.19 (95% CI: −2.49 ~ −0.51, p < .001). Conclusion: The third trimester pregnant women had a high level of social support, a medium level of risk perception to COVID-19 and were susceptible to anxiety. Risk perception played a mediating role between social support and anxiety.
Provider-Level Caseload of Psychosocial Services for Medicaid-Insured Children
Authors: Harati Pravara M. , Cummings Janet R. , Serban Nicoleta 
Published: July 2020

Objective We estimated the caseload of providers, practices, and clinics for psychosocial services (including psychotherapy) to Medicaid-insured children to improve the understanding of the current supply of such services and to inform opportunities to increase their accessibility. Methods We used 2012-2013 Medicaid claims data and data from the 2013 National Plan and Provider Enumeration System to identify and locate therapists, psychiatrists, and mental health centers along with primary, rehabilitative, and developmental care providers in the United States who provided psychosocial services to Medicaid-insured children. We estimated the per-provider, per-location, and state-level caseloads of providers offering these services to Medicaid-insured children in 34 states with sufficiently complete data to perform this analysis, by using the most recent year of Medicaid claims data available for each state. We measured caseload by calculating the number of psychosocial visits delivered by each provider in the selected year. We compared caseloads across states, urbanicity, provider specialty (eg, psychiatry, psychology, primary care), and practice setting (eg, mental health center, single practitioner). Results We identified 63 314 providers, practices, or centers in the Medicaid claims data that provided psychosocial services to Medicaid-insured children in either 2012 or 2013. The median provider-level per-year caseload was <25 children and <250 visits across all provider types. Providers with a mental health center–related taxonomy accounted for >40% of visits for >30% of patients. Fewer than 10% of providers and locations accounted for >50% of patients and visits. Conclusions Psychosocial services are concentrated in a few locations, thereby reducing geographic accessibility of providers. Providers should be incentivized to offer care in more locations and to accept more Medicaid-insured patients.
MiR-375-3p regulates rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell activity by targeting Notch1 during hypoxia
Authors: An Yuan , Liu Ziquan , Ding Hui , Lv Qi , Fan Haojun , Hou Shike , Cai Wei , Liu Sanli 
Published: July 2020

Objective Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs) exhibit specific responses in adaptation to hypoxia. However, the mechanisms regulating PMEC activities during hypoxia remain unclear. This study investigated the potential involvement of a microRNA, miR-375-3p, in the regulation of PMEC activities. Methods Primary PMECs were isolated from rats. The expression levels of miR-375-3p and Notch1 in the PMECs were detected by quantitative PCR and western blotting. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to explore the transcriptional regulation of Notch1 by miR-375-3p. The proliferation and chemotaxis of the PMECs were measured with the Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell invasion assays, respectively. Additionally, the capacity of hypoxia-treated PMECs for angiogenesis and inflammatory response was determined with tube formation assays and ELISA, respectively. Results The expression of miR-375-3p and Notch1 in the PMECs was significantly down-regulated and up-regulated during hypoxia, respectively. The results demonstrated that miR-375-3p directly targets Notch1 in PMECs, thereby suppressing the transcriptional expression of Notch1. It was further revealed that miR-375-3p regulates the proliferation, chemotaxis, angiogenesis, and inflammatory response of PMECs. Conclusions Our findings revealed the important role of miR-375-3p in the regulation of PMEC function and suggest the potential involvement of miR-375-3p in the development of lung diseases.