bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asthmatic children and their mothers in COVID-19 pandemic: psychosocial impact of the virus outbreak in a post lockdown scenario
Authors: Riso Daniela Di , Spaggiari Silvia , Cambrisi Elena , Ferraro Valentina , Carraro Silvia , Zanconato Stefania 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Italy has been the first country outside Asia to struggle with the COVID-19 outbreak. To contain the transmission of the virus, by March 10th, 2020, the Italian Government imposed strict domestic quarantine policies and temporary closure of non-essential businesses and schools. Although growing literature explored the impact of the pandemic on non-referred children and families, few studies focused on the psychosocial impact of Covid-19 in chronically ill children and their caregivers. Methods. The present study investigated asthma control and children and mothers’ psychological functioning (i.e.: psychological well-being, fear of contagion, and mothers’ Covid-19 related fears) in 45 asthmatic children aged 7-to-14, compared to a control sample. They were administered an online survey after the lockdown (from the 28th May to 23rd August 2020). Results. Results showed higher levels of concern for contagion for asthmatic children, but no difference in psychosocial functioning. Mothers reported more Covid-19 related fears, and greater worries according to the resumption of their children’s activities. Moreover, they indicated a global worsening in their psychological well-being during the lockdown. Furthermore, as to the clinical sample, the multivariate regression model showed that a worsening of mothers' psychological and children’s physical well-being was associated with a worsening of children’s psychological well-being during the lockdown. Conclusions. The results of this study indicate that mothers of asthmatic children can be more prone to experience psychological fatigue in a pandemic scenario. Special programs should be scheduled to sustain caregivers of chronically ill children.
Ising Model Optimization Problems on a FPGA Accelerated Restricted Boltzmann Machine
Authors: Patel Saavan , Chen Lili , Canoza Philip , Salahuddin Sayeef 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this work we demonstrate usage of the Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) as a stochastic neural network capable of solving NP-Hard Combinatorial Optimization problems efficiently. By mapping the RBM onto a reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), we can effectively hardware accelerate the RBM's stochastic sampling algorithm. We benchmark the RBM against the DWave 2000Q Quantum Adiabatic Computer and the Optical Coherent Ising Machine on two such optimization problems: the MAX-CUT problem and the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) spin glass. The hardware accelerated RBM shows asymptotic scaling either similar or better than these other accelerators. This leads to 107x and 105x time to solution improvement compared to the DWave 2000Q on the MAX-CUT and SK problems respectively, along with a 150x and 1000x improvement compared to the Coherent Ising Machine annealer on those problems. By utilizing commodity hardware running at room temperature, the RBM shows potential for immediate and scalable use.
Catechol-Containing Compounds are a Broad Class of Protein Aggregation Inhibitors: Redox State is a Key Determinant of the Inhibitory Activities
Authors: Velander Paul , Wu Ling , Hildreth Sherry B. , Vogelaar Nancy J. , Mukhopadhyay Biswarup , Zhang Shijun , Helm Richard F. , Xu Bin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: A range of neurodegenerative and related aging diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and type 2 diabetes, are linked to toxic protein aggregation. Yet the mechanisms of protein aggregation inhibition by small molecule inhibitors remain poorly understood, in part because most protein targets of aggregation assembly are partially unfolded or intrinsically disordered, which hinders detailed structural characterization of protein-inhibitor complexes and structural-based mechanistic elucidation. Methods: Herein we employed a small molecule screening approach to identify inhibitors against three prototype amyloidogenic proteins in neurodegeneration and related proteinopathies: amylin, Ab and tau. We further systematically investigated selected class of inhibitors under aerobic and anaerobic conditions to uncover a key determinant of the inhibitory activities.Results: One remarkable class of inhibitors identified from all three parallel screenings against different amyloidogenic proteins was catechol-containing compounds and redox-related quinones/anthraquinones. Further mechanistic studies determined that the redox state of the broad class of catechol-containing compounds is a key determinant of the amyloid inhibitor activities. Conclusion: Our small molecule library screening platform was able to identify a broad class of amyloid inhibitors. Redox was found to be a key factor not only regulating the inhibitory activities but also involving the mechanism of inhibition. The molecular insights we gained not only explain why a large number of catechol-containing natural compounds, often enriched in healthy diet, have anti-neurodegeneration and anti-aging activities, but also could guide the rational design of therapeutic or nutraceutical strategies to target a broad range of neurodegenerative and related aging diseases.
Cross-species Behavior Analysis with Attention-based Domain-adversarial Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Maekawa Takuya , Higashide Daiki , Hara Takahiro , Matsumura Kentarou , Ide Kaoru , Miyatake Takahisa , Kimura Koutarou , Takahashi Susumu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Since the variables inherent to various diseases cannot be controlled directly in humans, behavioral dysfunctions have been examined in model organisms, leading to better understanding their underlying mechanisms. However, because the spatial and temporal scales of animal locomotion vary widely among species, conventional statistical analyses cannot be used to discover knowledge from the locomotion data. We propose a new procedure to automatically discover locomotion features shared among animal species by means of domain-adversarial deep neural networks. Our neural network is equipped with a function which explains the meaning of segments of locomotion where the cross-species features are hidden by incorporating an attention mechanism into the neural network, regarded as a black box. It enables us to formulate a human-interpretable rule about the cross-species locomotion feature and validate it using statistical tests. We demonstrate the versatility of this procedure by identifying locomotion features shared across different species with dopamine-deficiency, namely humans, mice, and worms, despite their evolutionary differences.
High Blood Pressure Confirmed with 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Tanzanian Adolescents Enrolling in a Cohort Study
Authors: Nsanya Mussa , Ayieko Philip , Hashim Ramadhan , Mgema Ezekiel , Fitzgerald Daniel , Kapiga Saidi , Peck Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Prevalence estimates for high blood pressure (BP) among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa vary widely and most studies have relied on attended automated office BP (AOBP) measurements. We aimed to estimate prevalence of high BP using unattended AOBP followed by 24-Hour ambulatory BP monitoring (24-Hour ABPM) for confirmation and to determine factors associated with confirmed high BP. Between April and August 2018, 500 adolescents aged 11 to 15 years were enrolled from three randomly selected public schools in Mwanza city (Tanzania) to participate in a 2-year prospective cohort study. We obtained three consecutive unattended AOBP measurements. Follow-up AOBP measurements were obtained in participants with high BP at initial measurements. Participants whose follow-up measurements remained high underwent 24-Hour ABPM. Of all 500 participants, 36.6% had high BP using first AOBP measurement; 25.6% using average of the second and third AOBP measurements and 10.2% using average of follow-up AOBP measurements and were eligible for 24-Hour ABPM. Only 13(2.6%) had confirmed high BP and they had no unique distinguishing characteristic. White coat hypertension is common among adolescents in Africa. Cardiovascular health promotion in Africa can be done through school-based screening for high BP among adolescents using one unattended AOBP
Alcohol Use, Intimate Partner Violence, and HIV Sexual Risk Behavior Among Young People in Fishing Communities of Lake Victoria, Uganda
Authors: Wandera Stephen Ojiambo , Mbona Nazarius Tumwesigye , Walakira Eddy , Wagman Jennifer , Kisaakye Peter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThere is limited evidence about the effect of alcohol use and intimate partner violence (IPV) on HIV risk among young people in fishing communities from eastern and central Uganda. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether alcohol use and intimate partner violence were HIV behavior among young people in fishing communities on the shores of Lake Victoria, in Uganda. MethodsWe conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses of HIV risk behavior using cross-sectional data from 501 young people from Mukono (Katosi landing site) and Namayingo districts (Lugala landing site). Results Almost all (97%) respondents reported at least one HIV risk behavior; more than half (54%) reported engagement in three or more HIV risk behaviors. Results from the adjusted model indicate that alcohol use, working for cash or kind, being married and having multiple sexual partners increased the odds of HIV risk behavior. IPV was not associated with HIV risk behavior. Conclusion Interventions to promote consistent condom use and fewer sexual partnerships are critical for young people in the fishing communities in Uganda.
SNP Markers Reveal Relationships between Fruit Paternity, Fruit Quality and Distance from a Cross-pollen Source in Persea Americana Orchards
Authors: Kämper Wiebke , Ogbourne Steven , Hawkes David , Trueman Stephen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Plant reproductive output is increasingly pollen limited, and cross-pollination can improve fruit yield, fruit size and nutritional quality of many food crops. However, we rarely understand what proportions of the crop result from self- or cross-pollination, how cross-pollination affects crop quality, and how far pollen is transported by pollinators. Management strategies to improve pollination services are consequently not optimal for many crops.We utilised a series of SNP markers, unique for each cultivar of avocado, to quantify proportions of self- and cross-paternity in fruit of Hass avocado at increasing distances from cross-pollen sources. We assessed whether distance from a cross-pollen source determined the proportions of self-pollinated and cross-pollinated fruit, and evaluated how self- and cross-paternity affected fruit size and nutritional quality.Avocado fruit production resulted from both self- and cross-pollination. Cross-pollination levels decreased with increasing distance from a cross-pollen source, from 63% in the row adjacent to another cultivar to 25% in the middle of a single-cultivar block, suggesting that pollen transport was limited across orchard rows. Limited pollen transport did not affect fruit size or quality in Hass avocados as xenia effects of a Shepard polliniser on size and nutritional quality were minor.
Graph-Based Open-Ended Survey on Concerns Related to COVID-19
Authors: Kawamoto Tatsuro , Aoki Takaaki , Ueda Michiko 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented public health crisis with broad social and economic consequences. We conducted four surveys between April and August 2020 using the graph-based open-ended survey (GOS) framework, and investigated the most pressing concerns and issues for the general public in Japan. The GOS framework is a hybrid of the two traditional survey frameworks that allows respondents to post their opinions in a free-format style, which can subsequently serve as one of the choice items for other respondents, just as in a multiple-choice survey. As a result, this framework generates an opinion graph that relates opinions and respondents. We can also construct annotated opinion graphs to achieve a higher resolution. By clustering the annotated opinion graphs, we revealed the characteristic evolution of the response patterns as well as the interconnectedness and multi-faceted nature of opinions.
Genomic Scans for Selective Sweeps With Four Complementary Statistical Tests on 14 Indigenous Sheep Breeds From Middle East and South Asia
Authors: Eydivandi Sirous , Karimi Mohammad Osman , Roudbar Mahmood Amiri , Sahana Goutam 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The performance and productivity of livestock have consistently improved by natural and artificial selection over the centuries. Both these selections are expected to leave patterns on the genome and lead to changes in allele frequencies, but natural selection has played the major role among indigenous populations. Detecting selective sweeps in livestock may assist in understanding the processes involved in domestication, genome evolution and discovery of genomic regions associated with economically important traits. We investigated selection signals in this study using SNP genotype data of 14 indigenous sheep breeds from Middle East and South Asia, including six breeds from Iran, namely Iranian Balochi, Afshari, Moghani, Qezel, Zel, and Lori-Bakhtiari, three breeds from Afghanistan, namely Afghan Balochi, Arabi, and Gadik, three breeds from India, namely Indian Garole, Changthangi, and Deccani, and two breeds from Bangladesh, namely Bangladeshi Garole and Bangladesh East. The SNP genotype data were generated by the Illumina OvineSNP50 Genotyping BeadChip array. We applied four complementary statistical tests, FST (fixation index), xp-EHH (cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity), Rsb (extended haplotype homozygosity between-populations), and FLK (the extension of the Lewontin and Krakauer) to detect selective sweeps. Our results not only confirm the previous studies but also provide a suite of novel candidate genes involved in different traits in sheep. On average, FST, xp-EHH, Rsb, and FLK detected 128, 207, 222, and 252 genomic regions as candidates for selective sweeps, respectively. Furthermore, overlapping candidate genes were detected by these four tests, including; TNIK, DOCK1, SFMBT1, SPO11, USH2A, TYW1B, NELL2, EML5, and IQCE. The first six of these genes, especially TNIK, DOCK1, and SPO11 were enriched by Gene Ontology (GO) and are involved in embryonic development, immune response, and fertility respectively. Knowledge of candidate genomic regions in sheep populations may facilitate the identification and potential exploitation of the underlying genes in sheep breeding.
Perception of the Community Toward Transition of Pharmaceutical Care Services from Ministry of Health Primary Healthcare Centers to Community Pharmacies
Authors: Aloola Noha Al , Aljudaib Sumaiah , Behery Fathy , Alwhaibi Monira , Alhawassi Tariq 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Pharmaceutical care services in Saudi Arabia recently transferred from Ministry of Health (MOH) primary healthcare centers (PHCs) to community pharmacies (Wasfaty service). However, there is a lack of research on the need and impact of this transition. This study explored the Saudi community’s perception toward the transition of pharmaceutical care service from MOH PHCs to the Wasfaty service. Community needs and expectations from the Wasfaty service were assessed, and its experience, concerns, and limitations were evaluated. Methods: Qualitative, in-depth, semistructured interviews of Saudi community members who visited community pharmacies with electronic prescriptions from MOH primary healthcare clinics were conducted. The data obtained from 18 participants were thematically organized and analyzed using NVivo software. Results: Seven themes related to the new Wasfaty service were identified and divided into three categories: perception toward the transition in pharmaceutical care, experience of the Wasfaty service, and concerns about and limitations of the Wasfaty service. The Saudi community was generally satisfied with the new Wasfaty service and highlighted its benefits: easier access, time flexibility, and less crowded community pharmacies. In addition, the Wasfaty service provided them with better communication with pharmacists, better education about their medications, better availability of medications, better control over medication dispensing, and easier refills compared to primary healthcare pharmacies. However, the community complained about the lack of privacy in community pharmacies, the number and location of community pharmacies having the Wasfaty service, a few technical issues, a lack of female pharmacists, few Saudi pharmacists, a lack of labels on medications, and limited or no instructions about medication storage. Conclusion: The Saudi community needs the transition from MOH PHCs to the Wasfaty service in pharmaceutical care. The community also has concerns about this transition and the limitations of the Wasfaty service.
Effectiveness of movement-based animal signals is a function of display structure and habitat characteristics: simulations of Australian dragons
Authors: Bian Xue , Pinilla Angela , Chandler Tom , Peters Richard 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Habitat-specific characteristics can affect signal transmission such that different habitats dictate the optimal signal. One way to examine how the environment influences signals is by comparing changes in signal efficacy in different habitats. Examinations of signal efficacy between different habitats has helped to explain signal divergence/convergence between populations and species utilising acoustic and colour signals. Although previous research has provided evidence for local adaptations and signal divergence in many species of lizards, comparative studies in movement-based signals are rare due to technical difficulties in quantifying movements in nature and ethical restrictions in translocating animals between habitats. We demonstrate herein that these issues can be addressed using 3D animations, and compared the relative performance of the displays of four Australian lizard species in the habitats of each species under varying environmental conditions. Our simulations show that habitats differentially affect signal performance, and an interaction between display and habitat structure. Interestingly, the signal adapted to the noisier environment did not show an advantage in signal efficacy, but the noisy habitat was detrimental to the performance of all displays. Our study is one of the first studies for movement-based signals that directly compares signal performance in multiple habitats, and our approach has laid the foundation for future investigations in motion ecology that have been intractable to conventional research methods.
Use of the Clock Drawing Test and the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test-copy With Convolutional Neural Networks to Predict Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Youn Young Chul , Pyun Jung-Min , Ryu Nayoung , Baek Min Jae , Jang Jae-Won , Park Young Ho , Ahn Suk-Won , Shin Hae-Won , Park Kwang-Yeol , Kim SangYun 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) and Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT) are widely used as a part of neuropsychological test batteries to assess cognitive function. Our objective was to confirm the prediction accuracies of the RCFT-copy and CDT for cognitive impairment (CI) using the convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm as a screening tool. Methods: The CDT and RCFT-copy data were obtained from patients aged 60 to 80 years who had more than 6 years of education. In total, 747 CDT and 980 RCFT-copy figures were utilized. CNN algorithms using TensorFlow (ver. 2.3.0) on the Colab cloud platform (www.colab.research.google.com) were used for preprocessing and modeling. We measured the prediction accuracy of each drawing test 10 times using this dataset: normal cognition (NC) vs. mild impairment of cognition (MI), NC vs. severely impaired cognition (SI), and NC vs. CI (MI +SI). Results: The accuracy of the CDT was better for differentiating MI (CDT: 78.04±2.75, RCFT-copy: not being trained) and SI from NC (CDT: 91.45±0.83, RCFT-copy: 90.27±1.52); however, the RCFT-copy was better at predicting CI (CDT: 77.37±1.77, RCFT: 83.52±1.41). The accuracy for 3-way classification (NC vs. MI vs. SI) was approximately 71% for both tests; no significant difference was found.Conclusions: The two drawing tests showed good performance for predicting severe impairment of cognition; however, a drawing test alone is not enough to predict overall CI. There are some limitations to our study: the sample size was small, all participants did not perform both the CDT and RCFT-copy, and only the copy condition of the RCFT was used. Algorithms involving memory performance and longitudinal changes are worth future exploration. These results may contribute to improved home-based healthcare delivery.
Impaired Anaplerosis Is a Major Contributor to Glycolysis Inhibitor Toxicity in Glioma
Authors: Khadka Sunada , Arthur Kenisha , Washington Mykia , Barekatain Yasaman , Ackroyd Jeff , Behr Eliot , Suriyamongkol Pornpa , Lin Yu-Hsi , Crowley Kaitlyn , Pham Cong-Dat , Georgiou Dimitra K. , Asara John , Muller Florian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Reprogramming of metabolic pathways is crucial to satisfy the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands and maintain the redox status of rapidly proliferating cancer cells. In tumors, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle generates biosynthetic intermediates by oxidation of anaplerotic substrates, such as glucose-derived pyruvate and glutamine20 derived glutamate. We have previously documented that a subset of tumors with 1p36 homozygous deletion exhibit co-deletion of ENO1, in turn becoming extremely dependent on its redundant isoform ENO2 and sensitive to an overall enzymatic deficiency of enolase. Metabolomic profiling of ENO1-deleted glioma cells treated with an enolase inhibitor revealed a profound decrease in TCA cycle metabolites, which correlated with cell-line specific sensitivity to enolase inhibition, highlighting the importance of glycolysis derived pyruvate for anaplerosis. Correspondingly, the toxicity of the enolase inhibitor was significantly attenuated by exogenous supplementation of supraphysiological levels of anaplerotic substrates including pyruvate. These findings led us to hypothesize that cancer cells with ENO1 homozygous deletions treated with an enolase inhibitor might show exceptional sensitivity to inhibition of glutaminolysis because of reduced anaplerotic flow from glycolysis. We found that ENO1-deleted cells indeed exhibited selective sensitivity to the glutaminase inhibitor CB-839, and this sensitivity was also attenuated by exogenous supplementation of anaplerotic substrates including pyruvate. Despite these promising in vitro results, the antineoplastic effects of CB-839 as a single agent in ENO1-deleted xenograft tumors in vivo were modest in both intracranial orthotopic tumors, where the limited efficacy could be attributed to the blood brain barrier (BBB), and subcutaneous xenografts, where BBB penetration is not an issue. This contrasts with the enolase inhibitor HEX, which, despite its negative charge, achieved antineoplastic effects in both intracranial and subcutaneous tumors. Together, these data suggest that at least for 1p36-deleted gliomas, tumors in vivo—unlike cells in culture—show limited dependence on glutaminolysis and instead primarily depend on glycolysis for anaplerosis. Our findings reinforce the previously reported metabolic idiosyncrasies of the in vitro and in vivo environments as the potential reasons for the differential efficacy of metabolism targeted therapies in in vitro and in vivo systems.