bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with early opioid dispensing compared with NSAID and muscle relaxant dispensing after a work-related low back injury
Authors: Carnide Nancy , Hogg-Johnson Sheilah , Côté Pierre , Koehoorn Mieke , Furlan Andrea D 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesThe objective of this historical cohort study was to determine the claimant and prescriber factors associated with receiving opioids at first postinjury dispense compared with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and skeletal muscle relaxants (SMRs) in a sample of workers’ compensation claimants with low back pain (LBP) claims between 1998 and 2009 in British Columbia, Canada.MethodsAdministrative workers’ compensation, prescription and healthcare data were linked. The association between claimant factors (sociodemographics, occupation, diagnosis, comorbidities, pre-injury prescriptions and healthcare) and prescriber factors (sex, birth year, specialty) with drug class(es) at first dispense (opioids vs NSAIDs/SMRs) was examined with multilevel multinomial logistic regression.ResultsIncreasing days supplied with opioids in the previous year was associated with increased odds of receiving opioids only (1–14 days OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.51 to 1.75; ≥15 days OR 5.12, 95% CI 4.65 to 5.64) and opioids with NSAIDs/SMRs (1–14 days OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.39 to 1.60; ≥15 days OR 2.82, 95% CI 2.56 to 3.12). Other significant claimant factors included: pre-injury dispenses for NSAIDs, SMRs, antidepressants, anticonvulsants and sedative-hypnotics/anxiolytics; International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 9th Revision diagnosis; various pre-existing comorbidities; prior physician visits and hospitalisations; and year of injury, age, sex, health authority and occupation. Prescribers accounted for 25%–36% of the variability in the drug class(es) received, but prescriber sex, specialty and birth year did not explain observed between-prescriber variation.ConclusionsDuring this period in the opioid crisis, early postinjury dispensing was multifactorial, with several claimant factors associated with receiving opioids at first prescription. Prescriber variation in drug class choice appears particularly important, but was not explained by basic prescriber characteristics.
Sterile neutrino oscillometry with Jinping
Authors: Smirnov M. V. , Hu Zh. J. , Ling J. J. , Novikov Yu. N. , Wang Z. , Yang G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe existence of sterile neutrino is an open question in neutrino physics up to now. The method of neutrino oscillometry provides a powerful tool to test the common 3 + 1 sterile neutrino hypothesis, i.e. three active flavors and one sterile flavor. There are several antineutrino sources which can be used for this method. One of them is the well known isotope chain of $$^{144}\mathrm{Ce}$$144Ce–$$^{144}{\mathrm{Pr}}$$144Pr with initial activity around 50–100 kCi. It has compact size and might be installed either outside or inside the detector. Another one is the short-lived isotope $$^8{\mathrm{Li}}$$8Li, which can be produced in nuclear reaction of a proton beam hitting a beryllium target. The lithium source has only the out-of-detector option due to its large size. The proposed Jinping water-based liquid scintillator detector will be used as a detection volume. Above experimental setups will allow us to cover the current best fit values of oscillation parameters with 90% C.L. At the same time, it is sensitive to the region of the Neutrino-4 result.
Quantum test of the Universality of Free Fall using rubidium and potassium
Authors: Albers Henning , Herbst Alexander , Richardson Logan L. , Heine Hendrik , Nath Dipankar , Hartwig Jonas , Schubert Christian , Vogt Christian , Woltmann Marian , Lämmerzahl Claus , Herrmann Sven , Ertmer Wolfgang , Rasel Ernst M. , Schlippert Dennis 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

We report on an improved test of the Universality of Free Fall using a rubidium-potassium dual-species matter wave interferometer. We describe our apparatus and detail challenges and solutions relevant when operating a potassium interferometer, as well as systematic effects affecting our measurement. Our determination of the Eötvös ratio yields ηRb,K = −1.9 × 10−7 with a combined standard uncertainty of ση = 3.2 × 10−7.

Graphical abstract
“FINANCE AND GROWTH” RE-VISITED
Authors: MÉNDEZ-HERAS LIZETHE , ONGENA STEVEN 
Published: July 2020

We test whether the relationship between finance and growth is present in 48 countries over 20 different periods of an equal length of 15 years, starting in 1980 (to 1995) and ending in 1999 (to 2014). We estimate growth regressions using an IV approach and we find that (1) overall financial development had a positive effect on economic growth for almost all our studied periods, (2) the legal system is the primary determinant of the effectiveness of the overall financial system, and (3) financial services were relevant for economic growth even during the financial crisis of 2008. This research is part of a research agenda revisiting the finance–growth nexus using up-to-date empirical methodologies.
Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Adjoint-guided Adaptive Mesh Refinement for Linear Hyperbolic PDEs Using Clawpack
Authors: Davis Brisa N. , LeVeque Randall J. 
Published: July 2020

Adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) is often used when solving time-dependent partial differential equations using numerical methods. It enables time-varying regions of much higher resolution, which can selectively refine areas to track discontinuities in the solution. The open source Clawpack software implements block-structured AMR to refine around propagating waves in the AMRClaw package. For problems where the solution must be computed over a large domain but is only of interest in a small area, this approach often refines waves that will not impact the target area. We seek a method that enables the identification and refinement of only the waves that will influence the target area.
Here we show that solving the time-dependent adjoint equation and using a suitable inner product allows for a more precise refinement of the relevant waves. We present the adjoint methodology in general and give details on the implementation of this method in AMRClaw. Examples and a computational performance analysis for linear acoustics equations are presented. The adjoint method is compared to AMR methods already available in AMRClaw, and the advantages and disadvantages are discussed. The approach presented here is implemented in Clawpack, in Version 5.6.1, and code for all examples presented is archived on Github.
Preparation of High Performance and Ultra-Low Platinum Loading Membrane Electrode Assembly for PEMFC Commercial Application
Authors: Liu Shengchu , Li Shang , Wang Ruyi , Rao Yan , Zhong Qing , Hong Kang , Pan Mu 
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we evaluated the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activities of Pt/C, PtCo/C, and PtCoMn/C catalysts using charge-transfer resistance (Rct) and ΔRct onset voltage from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as indicators in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) over a wide voltage range of 0.66 V∼0.95 V. ORR activity of the PtCoMn/C ternary alloy catalyst is higher than that of Pt/C over a large voltage range. A decal transfer method was used to prepare a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with PtCoMn/C as a cathode catalyst. The cross-sectional micrograph of MEA-PtCoMn/C was characterized using scanning electron microscopy. A continuous ultrathin cathode catalyst layer that was 3 μm thick was successfully prepared. The performance of MEA-PtCoMn/C with an ultralow Pt loading of 0.147 mg/cm2 was evaluated using the single cell test. The highest achieved power density of MEA-PtCoMn/C was 1.42 W/cm2. The corresponding amount of platinum was 0.1035 gPt/kW, which reaches the index of the Department of Energy (DOE).
Machine Learning to Classify Intracardiac Electrical Patterns During Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Alhusseini Mahmood I. , Abuzaid Firas , Rogers Albert J. , Zaman Junaid A.B. , Baykaner Tina , Clopton Paul , Bailis Peter , Zaharia Matei , Wang Paul J. , Rappel Wouter-Jan , Narayan Sanjiv M. 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Advances in ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) continue to be hindered by ambiguities in mapping, even between experts. We hypothesized that convolutional neural networks (CNN) may enable objective analysis of intracardiac activation in AF, which could be applied clinically if CNN classifications could also be explained.

Methods:
We performed panoramic recording of bi-atrial electrical signals in AF. We used the Hilbert-transform to produce 175 000 image grids in 35 patients, labeled for rotational activation by experts who showed consistency but with variability (kappa [κ]=0.79). In each patient, ablation terminated AF. A CNN was developed and trained on 100 000 AF image grids, validated on 25 000 grids, then tested on a separate 50 000 grids.

Results:
In the separate test cohort (50 000 grids), CNN reproducibly classified AF image grids into those with/without rotational sites with 95.0% accuracy (CI, 94.8%–95.2%). This accuracy exceeded that of support vector machines, traditional linear discriminant, and k-nearest neighbor statistical analyses. To probe the CNN, we applied gradient-weighted class activation mapping which revealed that the decision logic closely mimicked rules used by experts (C statistic 0.96).

Conclusions:
CNNs improved the classification of intracardiac AF maps compared with other analyses and agreed with expert evaluation. Novel explainability analyses revealed that the CNN operated using a decision logic similar to rules used by experts, even though these rules were not provided in training. We thus describe a scaleable platform for robust comparisons of complex AF data from multiple systems, which may provide immediate clinical utility to guide ablation.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02997254.

Graphic Abstract:

A
graphic abstract
is available for this article.
Endocardial-Epicardial Phase Mapping of Prolonged Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Recordings
Authors: Parameswaran Ramanathan , Kalman Jonathan M. , Royse Alistair , Goldblatt John , Larobina Marco , Watts Troy , Walters Tomos E. , Nalliah Chrishan J. , Wong Geoffrey , Al-Kaisey Ahmed , Douglas Anderson Robert , Voskoboinik Aleksandr , Sugumar Hariharan , Chieng David , Sanders Prashanthan , Kistler Peter M. , Gerstenfeld Edward P. , Lee Geoffrey 
Published: July 2020

Background:
Endocardial-epicardial dissociation and focal breakthroughs in humans with atrial fibrillation (AF) have been recently demonstrated using activation mapping of short 10-second AF segments. In the current study, we used simultaneous endo-epi phase mapping to characterize endo-epi activation patterns on long segments of human persistent AF.

Methods:
Simultaneous intraoperative mapping of endo- and epicardial lateral right atrium wall was performed in patients with persistent AF using 2 high-density grid catheters (16 electrodes, 3 mm spacing). Filtered unipolar and bipolar electrograms of continuous 2-minute AF recordings and electrodes locations were exported for phase analyses. We defined endocardial-epicardial dissociation as phase difference of ≥20 ms between paired endo-epi electrodes. Wavefronts were classified as rotations, single wavefronts, focal waves, or disorganized activity as per standard criteria. Endo-Epi wavefront patterns were simultaneously compared on dynamic phase maps. Complex fractionated electrograms were defined as bipolar electrograms with ≥5 directional changes occupying at least 70% of sample duration.

Results:

Fourteen patients with persistent AF undergoing cardiac surgery were included. Endocardial-epicardial dissociation was seen in 50.3% of phase maps with significant temporal heterogeneity. Disorganized activity (Endo: 41.3% versus Epi: 46.8%,
P
=0.0194) and single wavefronts (Endo: 31.3% versus Epi: 28.1%,
P
=0.129) were the dominant patterns. Transient rotations (Endo: 22% versus Epi: 19.2%,
P
=0.169; mean duration: 590±140 ms) and nonsustained focal waves (Endo: 1.2% versus Epi: 1.6%,
P
=0.669) were also observed. Apparent transmural migration of rotational activations (n=6) from the epi- to the endocardium was seen in 2 patients. Electrogram fractionation was significantly higher in the epicardium than endocardium (61.2% versus 51.6%,
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions:
Simultaneous endo-epi phase mapping of prolonged human persistent AF recordings shows significant Endocardial-epicardial dissociation marked temporal heterogeneity, discordant and transitioning wavefronts patterns and complex fractionations. No sustained focal activity was observed. Such complex 3-dimensional interactions provide insight into why endocardial mapping alone may not fully characterize the AF mechanism and why endocardial ablation may not be sufficient.

Graphic Abstract:

A
graphic abstract
is available for this article.
Poststroke Cognitive Outcomes: Sex Differences and Contributing Factors
Authors: Dong Liming , Briceno Emily , Morgenstern Lewis B. , Lisabeth Lynda D. 
Published: July 2020

Background
The study investigated sex differences in cognitive outcomes at 90 days after first‐ever stroke using data from a population‐based sample.

Methods and Results
The study sample consisted of 1227 participants from the 2009–2016 Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi project (south Texas, United States) who had first‐ever ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage and survived 90 days after stroke. Poststroke cognitive function was assessed by the Modified Mini‐Mental State Examination (3MSE) (range: 0–100; dementia: <78). The associations of sex with dichotomized and continuous outcomes were examined using logistic regression and tobit regression, respectively. Inverse probability weighting and multiple imputation were used to deal with missing data. The study sample was evenly distributed by sex, and primarily composed of Mexican Americans (59.1%) and non‐Hispanic whites (34.1%). Women scored 2.96 points worse on the 3MSE than men at 90 days poststroke (95% CI, −3.99 to −1.93). The prevalence of dementia was 27.6% for men (95% CI, 23.5%–31.6%) and 35.6% for women (95% CI, 31.5%–39.7%), and the unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of dementia comparing women with men was 1.45 (95% CI, 1.24–1.69). The association was attenuated after adjustment for sociodemographic, stroke, and prestroke characteristics (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.61–1.09).

Conclusions
Women had worse cognitive outcomes than men at 90 days poststroke. The differences were attributable to sociodemographic and prestroke characteristics, especially widowhood status. Potential mechanisms linking widowhood to dementia in the acute poststroke stage warrant further investigation to inform interventions addressing the unique care needs of women stroke survivors with dementia and cognitive dysfunction.
Relationship between Insurance Type and Delays in Tympanostomy Tube Placement
Authors: Schwartz Marissa , Shah Rhea , Wetzel Martha , Raol Nikhila 
Published: July 2020

Objective: To investigate the role of insurance carriers and changes in insurance on rates of cancelation and rescheduling of tympanostomy tube surgery. Methods: Retrospective cohort study between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2018 at a single tertiary care academic pediatric otolaryngology practice of pediatric patients (≤18 years) who underwent tympanostomy tube placement for any indication. Patients had to have insurance providers recorded both at clinic visit and at the time of surgery. Rates of cancelation and postponement of tympanostomy tube placement were assessed. Logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with cancelation or postponement of surgery. Results: Of the 5080 patients, 2961 patients had Medicaid and 2012 patients had private insurance at the time of surgery. A total of 197 (3.96%) patients switched insurance between clinic appointment and date of surgery. Time to surgery was nearly 2 weeks more for those who had a change in insurance vs. those who did not (33 vs. 20 days, P < .001). Those who switched insurance were nearly twice as likely to have to reschedule surgery than those who did not (OR 1.95, CI 1.42-2.67). Patients who had Medicaid as the primary payer also had increased odds of needing to reschedule and postpone surgery (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.17-1.63). Conclusion: Difference in insurance carrier and loss/change of insurance appear to be associated with delays in tympanostomy tube placement. Standardization of re-enrollment schedules across insurance providers or a single payer model may be useful in addressing these delays in care.
COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: An emotional health perspective of Indians on Twitter
Authors: Chehal Dimple , Gupta Parul , Gulati Payal 
Published: July 2020

Background: Novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) has spread in the world since its first human infection in December 2019. India has also witnessed a rising number of infections since March 2020. The Indian government imposed lockdowns in the nation to control the movement of its citizens thereby confining the spread of the virus. Tweeters resorted to usage of social media platform to express their mind. Aim: Through this article, an attempt has been made to understand the mind-set of Indian people using Python and R statistical software, during the recent lockdown 2.0 (15 April 2020 to 3 May 2020) and lockdown 3.0 (4 May 2020 to 17 May 2020) through their tweets on the social media platform Twitter. Also, opinion on e-commerce during this pandemic has been analysed. Method: Analysis has been performed using Python and R statistical software. Also, recent articles related to COVID-19 have been considered and reviewed. Result: Although the country had a positive approach in lockdown 2.0 with only few instances of sadness, disgust and others, the majority of the people had a negative approach in lockdown 3.0. Conclusion: This analysis can help the health specialists to understand people’s mind-set, the authorities to take further corresponding measures in washing out the virus and the e-commerce stakeholders to adapt to the changing attitudes by adjusting demand and supply plans accordingly.
Trends in Indicators of Injection Drug Use, Indian Health Service, 2010-2014
Authors: Evans Mary E. , Person Marissa , Reilley Brigg , Leston Jessica , Haverkate Richard , McCollum Jeffrey T. , Apostolou Andria , Bohm Michele K. , Van Handel Michelle , Bixler Danae , Mitsch Andrew J. , Haberling Dana L. , Hatcher Sarah M. , Weiser Thomas , Elmore Kim , Teshale Eyasu H. , Weidle Paul J. , Peters Philip J. , Buchacz Kate 
Published: July 2020

Objectives Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV transmission in the United States may increase as a result of increasing rates of opioid use disorder (OUD) and associated injection drug use (IDU). Epidemiologic trends among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) persons are not well known. Methods We analyzed 2010-2014 Indian Health Service data on health care encounters to assess regional and temporal trends in IDU indicators among adults aged ≥18 years. IDU indicators included acute or chronic HCV infection (only among adults aged 18-35 years), arm cellulitis and abscess, OUD, and opioid-related overdose. We calculated rates per 10 000 AI/AN adults for each IDU indicator overall and stratified by sex, age group, and region and evaluated rate ratios and trends by using Poisson regression analysis. Results Rates of HCV infection among adults aged 18-35 increased 9.4% per year, and rates of OUD among all adults increased 13.3% per year from 2010 to 2014. The rate of HCV infection among young women was approximately 1.3 times that among young men. Rates of opioid-related overdose among adults aged <50 years were approximately 1.4 times the rates among adults aged ≥50 years. Among young adults with HCV infection, 25.6% had concurrent OUD. Among all adults with arm cellulitis and abscess, 5.6% had concurrent OUD. Conclusions Rates of HCV infection and OUD increased significantly in the AI/AN population. Strengthened public health efforts could ensure that AI/AN communities can address increasing needs for culturally appropriate interventions, including comprehensive syringe services programs, medication-assisted treatment, and opioid-related overdose prevention and can meet the growing need for treatment of HCV infection.
Swallowing Patterns in the HNC Population: Timing of Penetration‐Aspiration Events and Residue
Authors: Pisegna Jessica M. , Langmore Susan E. , Meyer Tanya K. , Pauloski Barbara 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThis study described swallowing patterns in a large head/neck cancer (HNC) cohort.Study DesignIn a retrospective review of data from a randomized controlled trial, we studied timing of penetration events as they related to aspiration and oral/pharyngeal residue.SettingRetrospective review of a multicenter randomized controlled trial.Subjects and MethodsIn total, 168 patients who were >3 months postradiation received baseline modified barium swallow evaluations. Retrospective analyses of data from these exams were studied, including Penetration‐Aspiration Scale (PAS) scores and timing of these events (before, during, or after the swallow), as well as percentage of oral and pharyngeal residue.ResultsAspiration occurred more frequently after than before or during the swallow (P <. 05). There were significantly more events of penetration that led to aspiration after the swallow (n = 260) when compared to events before (n = 6) or after (n = 81) the swallow. There was more pharyngeal (16%‐25%) than oral residue (5%‐20%). Weak correlations were found between thin liquid, nectar‐thick liquid, pudding residue, and PAS scores, with varying significance (pharyngeal residue/PAS rs:. 26*,. 35*,. 07*; oral residue/PAS rs:. 21*,. 16,. 3; *P <. 05).ConclusionThe predominant pattern for this sample of postradiation patients with HNC with dysphagia was aspiration that occurred after the swallow, rather than before or during the swallow. The aspiration was directly caused by penetration events that occurred during the swallow, resulting in aspiration as the airway reopened. Patients demonstrated more pharyngeal residue than oral residue, but a weak relationship was found between residue and penetration/aspiration events. These results guide clinicians in targeting appropriate swallowing interventions.