bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphometric Changes in Children With Small Bowel Crohn Disease During Induction of Therapy
Authors: Steien Dana B. , Dillman Jonathan R. , Lopez M. James , Ehrlich Peter , Adler Jeremy 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTObjective:Children and adolescents with Crohn disease (CD) commonly gain weight during treatment induction, which is thought to be a marker of better health. Body composition is, however, rarely assessed at diagnosis, and changes during early treatment are not often quantified. Therefore, it is unknown if these gains are truly healthy. We sought to evaluate skeletal muscle changes during initial treatment for CD by using routine imaging.Methods:Single‐center prospective study. Pediatric patients diagnosed with small bowel CD underwent serial magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) imaging, laboratory testing, and disease‐activity assessment, at diagnosis, 1 and 6 months of treatment. MRE‐based cross‐sectional morphometry was used to measure psoas muscle cross sectional area (CSA). Psoas CSA z‐scores were calculated using normative data.Results:We enrolled 30 children (ages 9‐‐17 years). Twenty‐eight of 30 (93%) received anti‐tumor necrosis factor therapy and 4 required surgical resection. Children with below‐average psoas CSA and body mass index (BMI) z‐scores at diagnosis were much more likely to fail treatment or undergo surgery by 6 months compared with those with higher z‐scores (55% vs 0%; P = 0.001). Children with no activity limitations at diagnosis had significantly larger muscle gains in the first month, compared with those whose activity was limited at diagnosis (P = 0.012). Most patients had higher psoas CSA z‐scores by 6 months, and these increases were associated with weight and BMI z‐score increases.Conclusions:Skeletal muscle growth contributes to weight gain during treatment induction in most patients with CD. Psoas muscle CSA on diagnostic imaging may have prognostic value in children with CD.
Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Financial Stress and Metabolic Abnormalities
Authors: Kuo Wan-chin , Oakley Linda D. , Brown Roger L. , Hagen Erika W. , Barnet Jodi H. , Peppard Paul E. , Bratzke Lisa C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Background
Financial stress is associated with higher prevalence of metabolic abnormalities and cardiovascular disease, but the extent to which this association differs by type of metabolic abnormalities or gender is unclear.

Objectives
The study aims were (a) to examine the association between financial stress and the prevalence of common metabolic abnormalities and (b) to test the association for gender differences.

Methods
A cross-sectional secondary analysis was conducted using data from the Retirement and Sleep Trajectories study, an ancillary study of the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort study. Composite indicator structural equation alpha modeling with a stacking approach was applied in the data analysis.

Results
After controlling for covariates, financial stress was positively associated with the prevalence of abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemia, with significant gender differences. Among men, financial stress was positively associated with the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia. Among women, financial stress was positively associated with the prevalence of prediabetes, abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemia.

Conclusion
Men living with financial stress are more likely to have hypertriglyceridemia, a specific metabolic abnormality and risk factor for acute cardiovascular events. However, financial stress in women is associated with a broader array of metabolic abnormalities (e.g., dyslipidemia, prediabetes, abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome), highlighting a potential risk of multiple chronic conditions later in life.
Upper-Limb Entheses in Healthy Children
Authors: Martire María Victoria , Collado Paz 
Published: December 2020

Background
Interest in ultrasound (US) as a diagnostic tool in spondyloarthritis is growing. Although the literature has provided detailed description of normal lower-limb entheses for adults and children, validated normal US findings of the pediatric upper-limb (UL) entheses are lacking.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to describe the sonographic characteristics of the UL entheses in healthy children to provide a basis for assessing pathologic findings in children with rheumatic diseases.

Methods
This is an observational, cross-sectional study. The recruited healthy children were grouped according to age: group 1, 3–9 years (n = 22); group 2, 10 to 13 years (n = 12); and group 3, 14 to 18 years (n = 9). The following UL entheses were examined: (1) supraspinatus, (2) common flexor, (3) common extensor, and (4) triceps. Ultrasound examination was performed in B mode for morphology and structural abnormalities, and power Doppler was applied to detect vascularization within the enthesis and cartilage sites.

Results
Forty-three children with a median age of 9 years (6–13 years) were included; 55% were boys. A total of 344 entheses were evaluated; all of them presented a homogeneous hyperechoic fibrillar pattern. Tendon insertion thickness at the bone attachment site increased with age and was greater in males. No signs of chronic enthesopathy were detected. Doppler signal was observed in children from groups 1 and 2, but not in any of the patients in group 3. In group 1, intraentheses signal was detected in the common extensor tendon insertion as an isolated signal (n = 2 patients), whereas intracartilage signal was detected in the supraspinatus (n = 1 patient) and the triceps (n = 1 patient). In group 2, intracartilage signal was detected in the common extensor (n = 2 patients) and the common flexor (n = 2 patients). Interobserver agreement for the entheses' thickness was as follows: intracorrelation coefficient class (ICC) of 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84–0.92) for the supraspinatus enthesis, ICC of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.83–0.90) for the common extensor enthesis, ICC of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.91–0.97) for the common flexor enthesis, and ICC of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.89–0.95) for the triceps enthesis. The κ index was 0.93 for the detection of the power Doppler signal. Intraobserver agreement was good for all evaluated entheses: ICC of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.83–0.91) for supraspinatus, ICC of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.84–0.91) for common extensor entheses, ICC of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.86–0.93) for common flexor entheses, and ICC of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.90–0.97) for evaluation of triceps entheses. The κ index was 0.91 for the detection of Doppler signal.

Conclusions
The current study provides a comprehensive description of the structural appearance and vascularization of UL entheses on healthy children. This information can be useful as reference for interpretation of pathological findings in children with musculoskeletal diseases in clinical practice.
The job search journey of Portuguese Millennials: a qualitative exploratory study
Authors: Miranda Sandra , Duarte Carolina 
Published: December 2020

Purpose
This study aims to research the job search journey of Portuguese Millennials. A job search journey is defined as the contact points between organisations and candidates throughout the job search process and the flow of this journey.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 13 individuals.

Findings
This paper shows that the contact points established by individuals during the first stage of their job search influence the subsequent contact points chosen to gather information about the organisation and also the journey undertaken up until the decision is made to apply for the job.

Originality/value
This research intends to contribute to the existing literature in two ways: it proposes a new concept which is designated the job search journey, and it maps out the job search journey of Portuguese Millennials.
The relationship between teacher leadership and collective teacher efficacy in Chinese upper secondary schools
Authors: Liu Peng 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThe aim of this study was to understand the relationship between teacher leadership and collective teacher efficacy in Chinese upper secondary schools.Design/methodology/approachBased on survey answers from 1,074 upper secondary teachers in a Chinese city, path analysis was conducted to understand the relationship.FindingsThis study identified that a number of dimensions of teacher leadership (recognition, collegiality, participation and positive environment) had positive relationships with group competence. Meanwhile, the dimensions of developmental focus, participation and positive environment had positive relationships with task analysis. Additionally, when the authors treated collective efficacy as a single variable, the dimensions of developmental focus, congeniality, participation and positive environment had positive relationships with collective efficacy.Originality/valueThis study is to understand the relationship between teacher leadership and collective teacher efficacy in a collective culture and hierarchical education system.
Does love of money matter for innovative work behavior in public sector organizations? Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Susanto Ely 
Published: December 2020

PurposeThis paper aims to test the impact of public service motivation (PSM) and love of money (LOM) on innovative work behavior (IWB) and the moderating role of love of money on the relationship between PSM IWB in the public-sector environment.Design/methodology/approachA total of 400 sets of questionnaires were distributed to camat (district heads) and lurah (sub-district heads), civil servants in Yogyakarta municipality, Indonesia. The final sample selected for analysis was comprised of 241 paired data responses. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the study's hypotheses.FindingsThis study found that PSM does not positively influence IWB, whereas LOM does. This study also confirmed the moderating role of LOM in the relationship between PSM and IWB.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, the sample size is limited to civil servants working at districts (kecamatan) and sub-districts (kelurahan) in Yogyakarta municipality. Such a limited amount of sample may have an impact on the findings. Second, causal inferences are difficult to achieve as this study employed cross-sectional data. Longitudinal studies should, thus, be considered for future studies. Third, most respondents are 46–50 years old.Practical implicationsLeaders in public organizations should consider the living conditions of their civil servants when drafting policies to encourage innovative behavior. Theoretically, intrinsic motivation is the dominant factor that encourages people to behave innovatively. This theory, however, may not be viable when applied in a condition where civil servants face a difficult life as a result of their relatively low level of salary. Under such conditions, monetary reward policy can subsequently be an alternative to encourage them to behave innovatively.Social implicationsLeaders should carefully pay attention to this policy and follow what Tang and Ciu (2003) and Frey and Jegen (2001) suggest. As an LOM attitude can lead to improper behaviors (Tang and Ciu, 2003), monetary rewards should be used as a support rather than as a control in reference to the civil servants. Moreover, leaders should consistently maintain the sustainability of their monetary policy to improve IWB. This is because they have changed their focus to monetary rewards rather than intrinsic motivation. When this policy is terminated, it may impact the diminishing IWB.Originality/valueScholars and practitioners agree that IWB can help public-sector organizations improve performance. While most existing research has been conducted in the context of the private sector, this study investigates IWB in the context of public sector organizations. Previous studies have also indicated that the battle between two approaches, utilitarianism and romanticism, continues. Therefore, this study is designed to enrich the debate about this struggle between the two approaches in order to uncover ideas that help explain IWB in a developing country.
Plague reservoir species throughout the world
Authors: MAHMOUDI Ahmad , KRYŠTUFEK Boris , SLUDSKY Alexander , SCHMID Boris V. , DE ALMEIDA Alzira M. P. , LEI Xu , RAMASINDRAZANA Beza , BERTHERAT Eric , YESZHANOV Aidyn , STENSETH Nils Chr. , MOSTAFAVI Ehsan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPlague has been known since ancient times as a re‐emerging infectious disease, causing considerable socioeconomic burden in regional hotspots. To better understand the epidemiological cycle of the causative agent of the plague, its potential occurrence, and possible future dispersion, one must carefully consider the taxonomy, distribution, and ecological requirements of reservoir‐species in relation either to natural or human‐driven changes (e.g. climate change or urbanization). In recent years, the depth of knowledge on species taxonomy and species composition in different landscapes has undergone a dramatic expansion, driven by modern taxonomic methods such as synthetic surveys that take into consideration morphology, genetics, and the ecological setting of captured animals to establish their species identities. Here, we consider the recent taxonomic changes of the rodent species in known plague reservoirs and detail their distribution across the world, with a particular focus on those rodents considered to be keystone host species. A complete checklist of all known plague‐infectable vertebrates living in plague foci is provided as a Supporting Information table.
Assessing ontogenetic maturity in extinct saurian reptiles
Authors: Griffin Christopher T. , Stocker Michelle R. , Colleary Caitlin , Stefanic Candice M. , Lessner Emily J. , Riegler Mitchell , Formoso Kiersten , Koeller Krista , Nesbitt Sterling J. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTMorphology forms the most fundamental level of data in vertebrate palaeontology because it is through interpretations of morphology that taxa are identified, creating the basis for broad evolutionary and palaeobiological hypotheses. Assessing maturity is one of the most basic aspects of morphological interpretation and provides the means to study the evolution of ontogenetic changes, population structure and palaeoecology, life‐history strategies, and heterochrony along evolutionary lineages that would otherwise be lost to time. Saurian reptiles (the least‐inclusive clade containing Lepidosauria and Archosauria) have remained an incredibly diverse, numerous, and disparate clade through their ~260‐million‐year history. Because of the great disparity in this group, assessing maturity of saurian reptiles is difficult, fraught with methodological and terminological ambiguity. We compiled a novel database of literature, assembling >900 individual instances of saurian maturity assessment, to examine critically how saurian maturity has been diagnosed. We review the often inexact and inconsistent terminology used in saurian maturity assessment (e.g. ‘juvenile’, ‘mature’) and provide routes for better clarity and cross‐study coherence. We describe the various methods that have been used to assess maturity in every major saurian group, integrating data from both extant and extinct taxa to give a full account of the current state of the field and providing method‐specific pitfalls, best practices, and fruitful directions for future research. We recommend that a new standard subsection, ‘Ontogenetic Assessment’, be added to the Systematic Palaeontology portions of descriptive studies to provide explicit ontogenetic diagnoses with clear criteria. Because the utility of different ontogenetic criteria is highly subclade dependent among saurians, even for widely used methods (e.g. neurocentral suture fusion), we recommend that phylogenetic context, preferably in the form of a phylogenetic bracket, be used to justify the use of a maturity assessment method. Different methods should be used in conjunction as independent lines of evidence when assessing maturity, instead of an ontogenetic diagnosis resting entirely on a single criterion, which is common in the literature. Critically, there is a need for data from extant taxa with well‐represented growth series to be integrated with the fossil record to ground maturity assessments of extinct taxa in well‐constrained, empirically tested methods.
Three questions about the eco‐physiology of overwintering underground
Authors: Huey Raymond B. , Ma Liang , Levy Ofir , Kearney Michael R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn cold environments ectotherms can be dormant underground for long periods. In 1941 Cowles proposed an ecological trade‐off involving the depth at which ectotherms overwintered: on warm days, only shallow reptiles could detect warming soils and become active; but on cold days, they risked freezing. Cowles discovered that most reptiles at a desert site overwintered at shallow depths. To extend his study, we compiled hourly soil temperatures (5 depths, 90 sites, continental USA) and physiological data, and simulated consequences of overwintering at fixed depths. In warm localities shallow ectotherms have lowest energy costs and largest reserves in spring, but in cold localities, they risk freezing. Ectotherms shifting hourly to the coldest depth potentially reduce energy expenses, but paradoxically sometimes have higher expenses than those at fixed depths. Biophysical simulations for a desert site predict that shallow ectotherms have increased opportunities for mid‐winter activity but need to move deep to digest captured food. Our simulations generate testable predictions to eco‐physiological questions but rely on physiological responses to acute cold rather than to natural cooling profiles. Furthermore, natural‐history data to test most predictions do not exist. Thus, our simulation approach uncovers knowledge gaps and suggests research agendas for studying ectotherms overwintering underground.
Acceptability and potential impact on uptake of using different risk stratification approaches to determine eligibility for screening: A population‐based survey
Authors: Usher‐Smith Juliet A. , Harvey‐Kelly Laragh L. W. , Rossi Sabrina H. , Harrison Hannah , Griffin Simon J. , Stewart Grant D. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundUsing risk stratification approaches to determine eligibility has the potential to improve efficiency of screening.ObjectivesTo compare the public acceptability and potential impact on uptake of using different approaches to determine eligibility for screening.DesignAn online population‐based survey of 668 adults in the UK aged 45‐79 including a series of scenarios in the context of a potential kidney cancer screening programme in which eligibility was determined by age, sex, age and sex combined, a simple risk score (age, sex, body mass index, smoking status), a complex risk score additionally incorporating family history and lifestyle, or a genetic risk score.Outcome measuresWe used multi‐level ordinal logistic regression to compare acceptability and potential uptake within individuals and multivariable ordinal logistic regression differences between individuals.ResultsUsing sex, age and sex, or the simple risk score were less acceptable than age (P < .0001). All approaches were less acceptable to women than men. Over 70% were comfortable waiting until they were older if the complex risk score or genetics indicated a low risk. If told they were high risk, 85% would be more likely to take up screening. Being told they were low risk had no overall influence on uptake.ConclusionsVarying the starting age of screening based on estimated risk from models incorporating phenotypic or genetic risk factors would be acceptable to most individuals and may increase uptake.Patient or Public ContributionTwo members of the public contributed to the development of the survey and have commented on this paper.
Aerosol‐deposited Al2O3/PTFE hydrophobic coatings with adjustable transparency
Authors: Kim Ik‐Soo , Cho Myung‐Yeon , Jeong Yohan , Shin Yun‐Cheol , Lee Dong‐Won , Park Chulhwan , Koo Sang‐Mo , Ho Shin Weon , Yang Won‐Jik , Park Yeol , Sohn Hiesang , Oh Jong‐Min 
Published: December 2020

AbstractWith the wide range of requirements for architectural glass, such as transparency, opacity, and hydrophobicity, there is a need to address the issues in the complexity of convention methods. Thus, considering functionality and applicability in various architectural windows, hydrophobic alumina/polytetrafluoroethylene (Al2O3/PTFE) composite layers with transparency or opacity were transferred to commercial architectural glass using a facile aerosol deposition (AD) process. We successfully fabricated hydrophobic coating layers with high transmittance (only a 0.03% difference from sheet glass) by optimizing the PTFE content in Al2O3 using solution‐based synthesized powders to enable a uniform surface topology. The opaque hydrophobic Al2O3/PTFE coating layers exhibit a transmittance of approximately 0% with excellent hydrophobicity of 130°. Remarkably, this opaque film was successfully employed onto a large deposition area, curved substrate, and micro‐patterned regions. It is believed that our AD‐prepared composite layers have great potential for architectural glass in terms of economic feasibility and versatility.
Teaching Turkish‐Dutch kindergartners Dutch vocabulary with a social robot: Does the robot's use of Turkish translations benefit children's Dutch vocabulary learning?
Authors: Leeuwestein Hanneke , Barking Marie , Sodacı Hande , Oudgenoeg‐Paz Ora , Verhagen Josje , Vogt Paul , Aarts Rian , Spit Sybren , de Haas Mirjam , de Wit Jan , Leseman Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractProviding first language (L1) translations in L2 vocabulary interventions may be beneficial for L2 vocabulary learning. However, in linguistically diverse L2 classrooms, teachers cannot provide L1 translations to all children. Social robots do offer such opportunities, as they can be programmed to speak any combination of languages. This study investigates whether providing L1 translations in a robot‐assisted L2 vocabulary training facilitates children's learning. Participants were Turkish‐Dutch kindergartners (n = 67) who were taught six Dutch (L2) words for which they knew the L1 (Turkish), but not the L2 Dutch form. Half of these words were taught by a Turkish‐Dutch bilingual robot, alongside their Turkish translations; the other half by a monolingual Dutch robot. Children also completed Dutch and Turkish receptive vocabulary tests. Results of generalized linear regression models indicated better performance in the Dutch‐only condition than in the Turkish‐Dutch condition. Children with well‐developed Turkish and Dutch vocabulary knowledge outperformed children with less well‐developed vocabulary knowledge. The majority of children preferred working with the bilingual robot, but children's preference did not affect word learning. Thus, contrary to our prediction, we found no evidence for a facilitating effect of providing L1 translations through a robot on bilingual children's L2 word learning.