bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Favorable outcome of COVID‐19 among African American (AA) renal transplant recipients in Detroit
Authors: Jarrin Tejada Claudia D. , Zachariah Mareena , Cruz Angela Beatriz V. , Hussein Shakir , Wipula Elizabeth , Meeks Nicole , Wolff Jeff , Chandrasekar Pranatharthi H. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTransplant recipients are vulnerable to infections, including COVID‐19, given their comorbidities and chronic immunosuppression. In this study, all hospitalized renal transplant recipients (RTR) with a positive nasal swab for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome‐Coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV2) seen consecutively between 03/01/2020 and 05/01/2020 at the Detroit Medical Center were included. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, management, and outcomes were collected. Twenty‐five patients were included, all African American (AA) and deceased‐donor transplant recipients. The most common presenting symptom was dyspnea, followed by fever, cough and diarrhea. Multifocal opacities on initial chest x‐ray were seen in 52% patients and 44% of patients had a presenting oxygen saturation of less than or equal to 94%. Four patients (16%) required transfer to the intensive care unit, one required intubation and one expired. COVID‐19‐infected RTR in this cohort had low mortality of 4% (n = 1). Despite multiple comorbidities and chronic immunosuppression, our cohort of African American RTR had favorable outcomes compared to other reports on COVID‐19 in RTR.
The incidence of post‐transplant malignancies in kidney transplant recipients treated with Rituximab
Authors: Bachelet Thomas , Visentin Jonathan , Davis Philippine , Taton Benjamin , Guidicelli Gwendaline , Kaminski Hannah , Merville Pierre , Couzi Lionel 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundRituximab has been proposed as induction therapy in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with preformed donor‐specific antibodies (DSA) or a positive flow cross‐match. We here evaluated whether adding rituximab was associated with a higher incidence of post‐transplant malignancies (PTM) due to greater immunosuppression.Patients and MethodsForty‐eight HLA‐sensitized KTRs received induction therapy with anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) and rituximab because of preformed DSA or a positive flow cross‐match (RTX group). They were compared with a control group of 154 patients receiving ATG alone.ResultsThirty‐nine of 202 (19.3%) patients developed PTM; the rate was similar in the RTX and no‐RTX groups (14.6% vs. 20.8%, respectively, P = .3). The distributions of the types of cancer were similar between the two groups, with the majority being non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC, n = 24). The risk factors for PTM were male gender, age, history of cancer, and azathioprine.ConclusionOur data do not indicate a higher rate of post‐transplantation de novo malignancies after kidney transplantation in high‐immunological risk patients who received induction therapy based on ATG and rituximab.
Serum Mac‐2 binding protein glycosylation isomer as a biomarker of fibrosis in living donor liver transplant graft
Authors: Sasaki Ryu , Miyaaki Hisamitsu , Narita Shohei , Fukushima Masanori , Haraguchi Masafumi , Miuma Satoshi , Hidaka Masaaki , Eguchi Susumu , Okudaira Sadayuki , Abe Kuniko , Nakao Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIntroductionNon‐invasive assessment of graft fibrosis is important in liver transplantation. Mac‐2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) has been reported as a diagnostic marker for this purpose, and thus, this predictive ability of M2BPGi was assessed in this study.Patients and methodsIn this retrospective study, 236 patients who received living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) from August 1997 to March 2017 were enrolled. Among them, 94 biopsy patients were analyzed. Further, the predictive ability of fibrotic biopsy using M2BPGi, Fibroscan, and Fib‐4 index was compared.ResultsOf 94 LDLT patients (53 men, 41 women), the median ages of recipients and donors were 57.5 and 33.0 years, respectively. The median M2BPGi values in patients with F0 (n = 11), F1 (n = 38), F2 (n = 35), and F3/4 (n = 10) were 0.680, 0.760, 1.240, and 4.110 COI, respectively. There were significant correlations between the fibrotic stage and M2BPGi levels (Kruskal‐Wallis test, P < .0001). The area under the ROC curve for the diagnosis of F ≥ 2 in M2BPGi was 0.778, which was superior to Fibroscan (0.701) and Fib‐4 index (0.639).ConclusionM2BPGi is an accurate, non‐invasive detection method for significant fibrosis after LDLT.
Conceptualising disaster social capital: what it is, why it matters, and how it can be enhanced
Authors: Uekusa Shinya , Matthewman Steve , Lorenz Daniel F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSocial capital discourse occupies an important place in disaster studies. Scholars have adopted various inflections of social capital to explain how those with greater amounts of this crucial resource are generally more resilient to disasters and experience speedier recovery. Disaster scholars have also discovered that people typically display altruistic tendencies in the wake of disasters and develop novel networks of mutual support, known as ‘communitas’, which is also seen to build resilience and boost recovery. In this paper, we use the work of Pierre Bourdieu to synthesise these literatures, conceptualising communitas as ‘disaster social capital’. We offer a fleshed‐out definition of disaster social capital to distinguish it from regular social capital and discuss the barriers to, and the enablers of, its formation. While primarily a conceptual discussion, we believe that it has practical and policy value for disaster scholars and practitioners interested in inclusive disaster risk reduction as well as full and just recoveries.
Habitat cues synergize to elicit chemically mediated landing behavior in a specialist phytophagous insect, the grape berry moth
Authors: Wolfin Michael S. , Chilson Ronald R. , Thrall Jonathan , Liu Yuxi , Volo Sara , Cha Dong H. , Loeb Gregory M. , Linn Charles E. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMany phytophagous insects locate their host plant using mixtures of volatile compounds produced by the plant. A key behavior in the host location process that has been the focus of decades of behavioral research is optomotor anemotaxis. Another key step in host location is landing on (or near) the odor source. In previous work, rubber septa emitting a synthetic blend of volatiles extracted from young shoots of grape plants, Vitus spp. (Vitaceae), elicited equivalent levels of oriented upwind flight by female grape berry moths (GBM), Paralobesia viteana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), as did actual (control) grape shoots. However, in contrast to the shoots, females did not land on the odor source. In this study, we used flight tunnel assays to investigate the landing response of GBM females with respect to chemical and visual stimuli, as well as differences in relative humidity. When stimuli were presented individually, only the synthetic blend of host plant volatiles elicited equivalent levels of oriented upwind flight compared to the plants. Interestingly, wet cotton strips elicited low but consistent levels of upwind flight. In paired assays, only the synthetic blend paired with wet cotton strips elicited landing, although at significantly lower levels than that elicited by grape shoots. To achieve landing rates equivalent to live grape shoots, grape berry moth females required all three stimuli we tested: host odor cues, moisture, and visual cues simulating a grape shoot. These results suggest the cues have a synergistic effect, and that landing behavior requires complex sensory processing using multiple sensory inputs. Furthermore, these results suggest that moisture plays an important role in the host plant location process.
Effects of flooding duration on wetland plant biomass: The importance of soil nutrients and season
Authors: Lan Zhichun , Chen Yasong , Shen Ruichang , Cai Yongjiu , Luo Hao , Jin Binsong , Chen Jiakuan 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Extensive studies have shown that the relationship between flooding duration and wetland plant biomass is context specific. The underlying mechanisms, however, are uncertain. A likely explanation is that flooding has both direct effects by exerting stress on plants and indirect effects by affecting soil nutrient availability. The net effect would be context‐specific and might depend on season. Here, we tested two potential factors mediating the flooding effects on wetland plant biomass: soil nutrient availability and season.

We carried out a field investigation in the lakeshore meadows of the Poyang Lake floodplain, China, along a flooding duration gradient during the non‐flooding period. To test the interaction between flooding duration and soil nutrients, we carried out a nutrient (N and P) addition experiment in two types of communities with different flooding durations.

The above‐ground biomass (AGB) decreased with flooding duration in winter but had a quadratic response in spring, suggesting that the direct negative effect of flooding was stronger in winter than in spring. Soil total N content, total P content, and N:P ratio showed quadratic responses to flooding duration.

Our results supported the hypotheses that the influence of nutrient limitation decreased with flooding duration and was greater in spring than in winter. The evidence showed that, with longer flooding duration and in winter than in spring, the correlations between AGB and soil nutrient content were weaker, leaf N and P content of Carex cinerascens were stronger, and AGB response ratio to nutrient addition was lower. Meanwhile, the relative importance of N versus P to wetland plant biomass varied with flooding duration.

Consequently, indirect effects of flooding duration on AGB via soil nutrient availability were much less important than direct effects in winter or with long flooding duration, but were more important in spring or with short flooding duration. Therefore, the effects of flooding on wetland plant biomass depended on flooding duration, soil nutrient availability, and season.
Relationship between oral and nutritional status of older residents with severe dementia in an aged care nursing home
Authors: Konishi Masaru , Kakimoto Naoya 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between the oral and nutritional status of older residents with dementia in an aged care nursing home.BackgroundInsufficient oral evaluation and care due to refusal of treatment in older people with dementia may cause deterioration in oral and nutritional status.Materials and methodsThe subjects were 123 older residents with dementia who had been admitted to an aged care nursing home. Oral condition and body mass index (BMI) as a measure of nutritional status were investigated, and the results for the mild and severe dementia groups were compared. BMI was compared by the food consistency between the mild and severe dementia groups.ResultsIn the severe dementia group, fewer older adults had removable dentures and many had no molar occlusion. The rate of subjects who had refused oral care by the caregivers was significantly higher in the severe dementia group than in the mild dementia group. In the severe dementia group, the BMI of those having texture‐modified foods was significantly lower than those having a normal diet. The BMI of subjects without molar occlusion and with a history of cerebrovascular disease was significantly lower in the severe dementia group.ConclusionsThe BMI of subjects in the severe dementia group having texture‐modified food was significantly lower than that of those with a normal diet. The BMI of subjects in the severe dementia group without molar occlusion was significantly lower than those with molar occlusion.
Radicalizing diversity (research): Time to resume talking about class
Authors: Romani Laurence , Zanoni Patrizia , Holck Lotte 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this editorial, we plea for radicalizing diversity research by re‐engaging with the notion of class. We argue that theories of class, which are today seldom used in critical diversity research, have the potential to conceptualize the relationship between difference and power in ways that go beyond the current focus on equality within capitalist organizations. Theories of class radicalize diversity research by providing a conceptual vocabulary to ground the critique of diversity in the critique of capitalism. To highlight this potential, we first reconstruct the ideological historical context of the 1980s in which diversity research emerged, re‐embedding it in a broader political project to restructure the economy, work and society as a whole. We then present four main uses of the concept of class in management and organization studies and the theoretical traditions that underpin them. We go on to introduce the four contributions to this Special Section, illustrating how class, variously understood, can inform critical understandings of diversity. We conclude by leveraging class within four strategies for more radical diversity scholarship: classing workers, occupations, and workplaces; classing diversity; classing meritocracy; and classing struggles for social justice.
Angiopoietin‐like protein 4 deficiency augments liver fibrosis in liver diseases such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice through enhanced free cholesterol accumulation in hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Teratani Toshiaki , Tomita Kengo , Wada Akinori , Sugihara Nao , Higashiyama Masaaki , Inaba Kenichi , Horiuchi Kazuki , Hanawa Yoshinori , Nishii Shin , Mizoguchi Akinori , Tanemoto Rina , Ito Suguru , Okada Yoshikiyo , Kurihara Chie , Akita Yoshihiro , Narimatsu Kazuyuki , Watanabe Chikako , Komoto Shunsuke , Oike Yuichi , Miura Soichiro , Hokari Ryota , Kanai Takanori 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimWe recently reported that lipoprotein lipase (LPL)‐mediated free cholesterol (FC) accumulation in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) augmented liver fibrosis in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The aim of the present study was to explore the role of angiopoietin‐like protein 4 (Angptl4), an LPL inhibitor, in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis in NASH.MethodsAngptl4‐deficient or wild‐type mice were used to investigate the role of Angptl4 in the pathogenesis of NASH induced by feeding a methionine‐ and choline‐deficient diet. We also examined the effect of Angptl4 on FC accumulation in HSCs, and the subsequent activation of HSCs, using Angptl4‐deficient HSCs.ResultsIn the NASH model, Angptl4‐deficient mice had significantly aggravated liver fibrosis and activated HSCs without enhancement of hepatocellular injury, liver inflammation, or liver angiogenesis. FC levels were significantly higher in HSCs from Angptl4‐deficient mice than in those from wild‐type mice. Treatment with Angptl4 reversed low‐density lipoprotein‐induced FC accumulation in HSCs through the inhibition of LPL. The Angptl4 deficiency‐induced FC accumulation in HSCs suppressed HSC expression of the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐ß) pseudoreceptor, bone morphogenetic protein, and activin membrane‐bound inhibitor, and sensitized HSCs to TGF‐β‐induced activation in vivo and in vitro.ConclusionsAngptl4 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of FC accumulation in HSCs. In addition, regulation of FC levels in HSCs by Angptl4 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis in NASH. Thus, Angptl4 could represent a novel therapeutic option for NASH.
Enhancing shared and surrogate decision making for people living with dementia: A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions
Authors: Geddis‐Regan Andrew , Errington Linda , Abley Clare , Wassall Rebecca , Exley Catherine , Thomson Richard 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundDementia can have a profound impact on decision making. People living with dementia (PLwD) often need to make decisions about health care, and, as dementia progresses, decisions may need to be made on their behalf. Specific interventions may support this process.Review QuestionWhat interventions are effective in improving shared decision making or surrogate decision making on the health care of PLwD?MethodsA narrative systematic review of existing literature was conducted. Seven databases, grey literature and key journals were searched. After exclusion by title, abstracts then full texts were reviewed collaboratively to manage any disagreements.ResultsEight studies met the inclusion criteria. Two articles, including one RCT, evaluated decision aids regarding the use of enteral feeding in advanced dementia. Six further articles, including five RCTs, were found which evaluated the effectiveness of interventions supporting patients or carers with advance care planning.ConclusionDecision‐making interventions typically consist of multiple components which aim to establish preferences for future health care. Advance care planning interventions supported aspects of the decision‐making processes but their impact on decision quality was rarely evaluated. Interventions did not increase the concordance of decisions with a person's values. The decision‐specific interventions are unlikely to produce benefit in other decision contexts.Patient InvolvementTwo caregivers, a public stakeholder group and a carer group were consulted in the design of the wider study to which this review relates. Six PLwD refined the research questions addressed in this paper.
Current experimental human tissue‐derived models for prostate cancer research
Authors: Kato Manabu , Sasaki Takeshi , Inoue Takahiro 
Published: November 2020

AbstractScientists engaged in prostate cancer research have been conducting experiments using two‐dimensional cultures of prostate cancer cell lines for decades. However, these experiments fail to reproduce and reflect the clinical course of individual patients with prostate cancer, or the molecular and genetic characteristics of prostate cancer, the basic requirement for most of the preclinical studies on prostate cancer. The use of human prostate cancer tissues in experiments has enabled the collection and verification of clinically relevant data, including chemical reactions, changes in proteins, and specific gene expression. Tissue recombination models have been employed for studying prostate development, the initiation and progression of prostate cancer, and the tumor microenvironment. Notably, the epithelial–stromal interaction, which might play a critical role in prostate cancer pathogenesis, can be reproduced in this model. Patient‐derived xenograft models have been developed as powerful avatars comprising patient‐derived prostate cancer tissues implanted in immunocompromised mice and could serve as a precision medicine approach for each prostate cancer patient. Spheroid and organoid assays, representative of modern three‐dimensional cultures, can replicate the conditions in human prostate tumors and the prostate organ itself as a miniature model. Although an intact immune system against the tumor is missing from the models aimed at investigating immuno‐oncological reagents in various malignancies, all these experimental models can help researchers in developing new drugs and selecting appropriate treatment strategies for prostate cancer patients.
Deficit of glucocorticoid‐induced leucine zipper amplifies angiotensin‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction
Authors: Cappetta Donato , De Angelis Antonella , Flamini Sara , Cozzolino Anna , Bereshchenko Oxana , Ronchetti Simona , Cianflone Eleonora , Gagliardi Andrea , Ricci Erika , Rafaniello Concetta , Rossi Francesco , Riccardi Carlo , Berrino Liberato , Bruscoli Stefano , Urbanek Konrad 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPoor prognosis in heart failure and the lack of real breakthrough strategies validate targeting myocardial remodelling and the intracellular signalling involved in this process. So far, there are no effective strategies to counteract hypertrophy, an independent predictor of heart failure progression and death. Glucocorticoid‐induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is involved in inflammatory signalling, but its role in cardiac biology is unknown. Using GILZ‐knockout (KO) mice and an experimental model of hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, we addressed the role of GILZ in adverse myocardial remodelling. Infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) resulted in myocardial dysfunction, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, capillary rarefaction and hypertrophy. Interestingly, GILZ‐KO showed more evident diastolic dysfunction and aggravated hypertrophic response compared with WT after Ang II administration. Both cardiomyocyte and left ventricular hypertrophy were more pronounced in GILZ‐KO mice. On the other hand, Ang II–induced inflammatory and fibrotic phenomena, cell death and reduction in microvascular density, remained invariant between the WT and KO groups. The analysis of regulators of hypertrophic response, GATA4 and FoxP3, demonstrated an up‐regulation in WT mice infused with Ang II; conversely, such an increase did not occur in GILZ‐KO hearts. These data on myocardial response to Ang II in mice lacking GILZ indicate that this protein is a new element that can be mechanistically involved in cardiovascular pathology.
A new species of sexually dimorphic and rheophilic ghost knifefish (Apteronotidae: Gymnotiformes) from the Amazon basin
Authors: Peixoto Luiz Antônio Wanderley , Datovo Aléssio , Menezes Naércio Aquino , de Santana Carlos David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA new species of ghost knifefish, Apteronotus, is described from high‐energy environments in the Rios Mapuera and Trombetas (at Cachoeira Porteira waterfalls), Brazil. X‐ray microcomputed tomography (μCT scan) was used to access the internal anatomy of the type series. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by the anteriormost position of the anus, with its posterior margin extending less than one eye diameter beyond the vertical through the caudal limit of the posterior nostril, the low number of anal‐fin rays (117–125) and the reduced number of branchiostegal rays (three). A series of modifications associated with secondary sexual dimorphism on the preorbital region of mature males are depicted and discussed. In addition, comments on homologies of the branchiostegal rays in Apteronotidae are provided.