bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability and Trends of Temperature and Rainfall Over Three Agro-Ecological Zones in North Shewa, Central Ethiopia
Authors: Shekuru Ashenafi Hailu , Berlie Arega Bazezew , Bizuneh Yechale Kebede 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This study aims to analyze variability and trends of temperature and rainfall over three agro-ecological zones (AEZs) in Central Ethiopia. Gridded rainfall and temperature data, recorded on daily basis for 35 years (1979 - 2013) at 30 meteorological stations, were used for analysis. While Mann–Kendall test was applied to analyze the trends in rainfall and temperature, Sen’s slope estimator was used to determine the magnitude of change. The study detected an upward trend of 0.07°C/annum (p < 0.001) in mean annual maximum temperature at Kolla AEZ. It also showed an upward trend of 0.06/year (p < 0.001) for both Dega and Woina Dega AEZs. Mean annual minimum temperature exhibited an upward trend of 0.03°C/year at Kolla (p < 0.001), Woina Dega (p < 0.05), and Dega (p < 0.01), signifying a 1.05°C increase between 1979 and 2013. Results from precipitation concentration index (PCI) revealed highest percentage (97.1%) of irregular distributions in annual rainfall pattern at Kolla AEZ, followed by Woina Dega (82.9%). Standardized rainfall anomalies (SRA) computed in the study also showed higher percentage (28.6%) of drought in Kolla AEZ, which experienced drought once in every 3 or 4 years. The study revealed negative annual rainfall anomalies for 18 years in Kolla and 16 years in both Dega and Woina Dega AEZs. The reduced precipitation and rise in temperature could trigger wide-ranging influences on agricultural practices and crop production of smallholder farmers. Policymakers and stakeholders should give priority in designing and introducing pro-poor plus geographically differentiated adaptive strategies.
Relationship Between Benzodiazepine Prescription, Aggressive Behavior, and Behavioral Disinhibition: A Case-control Study in a Swiss Prison
Authors: Baggio Stéphanie , Starcevic Vladan , Heller Patrick , Brändle Karen , Franke Irina , Schneeberger Andreas , Buadze Anna , Gamma Alex , Schleifer Roman , Gétaz Laurent , Wolff Hans , Liebrenz Michael 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background.

Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed in prisons amidst the controversies surrounding their potential role in causing behavioral disinhibition and aggressive behavior and their association with use and trafficking of illicit and addictive substances. The present study aimed to 1) ascertain the relationship between benzodiazepine prescription (including their dosage and duration of use) and aggressive behavior and behavioral disinhibition in prison, and 2) investigate whether there was an association between benzodiazepine prescription, (including their dosage and duration of use) and using and trafficking illicit and addictive substances during imprisonment.
Methods.

Data were extracted from the electronic database of an “open” Swiss prison (n = 1,379) over a five-year period (2010–2015). Measures included benzodiazepine prescription (yes/no), duration of benzodiazepine use and mean dosage, and punishable behaviors (physical and verbal aggression, disinhibited but not directly aggressive behaviors, property damage or theft, substance-related offenses, and rule transgression). Propensity score matching was used to assess the relationship between benzodiazepine prescription and punishable behaviors. Logistic regressions were used to test the relationship of benzodiazepine duration and dosage with punishable behaviors.
Results.

Benzodiazepine prescription (yes/no) was not significantly associated with punishable behaviors. Detained persons taking benzodiazepines were not more likely to commit offenses involving illicit or addictive substance use or trafficking, even when taking these medications in higher dosage and over a longer period of time.
Conclusions.

Our findings suggest that access to benzodiazepines in the prison setting should be subject to the same regulations as in the community and that prescribing benzodiazepines to detained persons is just as safe as prescribing these medications to those who are not detained.
Physiologically-based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling for Prediction of the Optimal Dose Regimens of Quinine and Phenobarbital Co-administration in Adult Patients with Cerebral Malaria and Seizures
Authors: Saeheng Teerachat , Karbwang Juntra , Rajoli Rajith Kumar Reddy , Siccardi Marco , Na-Bangchang Kesara 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Cerebral malaria is a fatal disease. Patients with cerebral malaria are at risk of seizure development, therefore, the co-administration of antimalarial and antiepileptic drugs are needed. Quinine and phenobarbital are standard drugs for the treatment of cerebral malaria with seizures. However, there is no information on the optimal dosage regimens of both drugs when used concomitantly.T he study applied physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling for prediction of the optimal dose regimens of quinine and phenobarbital when co-administered in patients with cerebral malaria and concurrent seizures who carry wild type and polymorphic cytochrome P450 (CYP450) 2C9/2C19. Methods: The whole-body PBPK models for quinine and phenobarbital were constructed based on the previously published information using Simbiology®. One hundred virtual population were simulated. Four published articles were used for model verification. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the effect of the changes in model parameters on AUC0–72h. Simulation of optimal dose regimens was based on standard drug-drug interactions (DDIs), and actual clinical use study approaches. Results: Dose adjustment of the standard regimen of phenobarbital is not required when co-administered with quinine. The proposed optimal dose regimen for quinine, when co-administered with phenobarbital for patients with a single or continuous seizure in all malaria-endemic areas regardless of CYP2C9/CYP2C19 genotypes, is a loading dose of 1,500 mg IV infusion over 8 hours, followed by 1,200 mg infusion over 8 hours given three times daily, or multiple doses of 1,400 mg IV infusion over 8 hours, given three times daily. In areas with quinine resistance, the dose regimen should be increased as a loading dose of 2,000 mg IV infusion over 8 hours, followed by 1,750 mg infusion over 8 hours given three times daily.Conclusion: The developed PBPK models are reliable, and successfully predicted the optimal doses regimens of quinine-phenobarbital co-administration with no requirement of CYP2C9/CYP2C19 genotyping.
Long-Term Survival by Resection and Adjuvant Chemotherapy With S-1 in Pancreatic Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma: a Case Report With Literature Review
Authors: Takagi Akihiko , Tokuda Satoshi , Toda Takeo , Higashizono Kazuya , Taku Keisei , Suzuki Makoto , Kanemoto Hideyuki , Oba Noriyuki 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the pancreas is a very rare histologic variant of pancreatic carcinoma with very poor prognosis. We present a case of pancreatic SRCC with good prognosis achieved by resection and adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 one year, which is the standard treatment for advanced resected gastric cancer in Japan. The stomach carried a higher incidence of SRCC than other sites.Case presentation: A 70-year-old man presented with abdominal discomfort, and ultrasonography revealed a mass in the pancreas. Computed tomography showed a hypovascular tumor in the head of the pancreas, 51 mm in diameter, with invasion to the portal vein and duodenum. The patient underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) with portal vein resection and reconstruction. The pathological diagnosis was SRCC of the pancreas without invasion to the portal vein, pT3N1M0 Stage IIB (UICC classification). Subsequently, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 was initiated to prevent recurrence. The patient has remained recurrence-free for 2 years and 6 months after PD. Conclusion: Adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 may be an important factor for improving the prognosis of patients with resectable SRCC of the pancreas.
Involving Elderly Research Participants in the Co-Design of a Future Multi-Generational Cohort Study
Authors: Nunn Jack , Sulovski Merrin , Tiller Jane , Holloway Bruce , Ayton Darshini , Lacaze Paul 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives: To report as a case study the process of involving study participants and how this impacted the co-design of a proposed multi-generational research study, using a novel standardised reporting tool. Background: An advert was sent to 14,268 participants of the ASPREE-XT observational cohort study to invite them to be involved in co-design and planning of a future multi-generational research study. Participants were aged 74 years and older from Australia, located in both metropolitan and rural locations. Interventions: We used participatory action research to involve elderly research participants in the co-design of a proposed multi-generational cohort study between 2017-2019 using newsletters, telephone interviews and an in-person workshop. Primary and secondary outcome measures: We used the ‘Standardised Data on Initiatives (STARDIT)’ Alpha Version to plan and report how participant involvement activities positively impacted the study design. Results: Fifty-nine ASPREE participants were interviewed by telephone and 18 participants attended a face-to-face workshop event. Involving participants positively impacted the proposed study design by improving the research objectives, developing protocols, influencing funding decisions and improving ethics applications. Learning points included the importance of maintaining the ideals of the ASPREE study (respect, quality and transparency); research participants’ preference for the option of receiving results (including genetic results); participants’ need for involvement in decisions about recruitment, data access, governance and other ethical issues; and the preference for different communication methods, including both face-to-face and online methods. The process was highly valued by all stakeholders, including research participants, study staff and lead investigators. Involvement of participants was described by the lead study investigator as “enormously helpful”. Conclusions: This case study provides evidence that including participants in the design of a research study positively impacted the study design, participants and researchers. Using a standardised reporting tool to describe the methods and impacts provides a way for learning from this case study to inform future research studies planning to involve people.
MicroRNA-411 represents an innovative bio-marker in breast cancer detection
Authors: Cao Shuangqing , Zheng Lei 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: MicroRNA-411 (MiR-411) has been reported to play an important role in tumorigenesis. This study was aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of serum miR-411 in breast cancer.Methods: The serum level of miR-411 was determined in breast cancer patients using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Chi-square was applied to evaluate the association between miR-411 expression and clinical characteristics. The diagnostic value of serum miR-411 for breast cancer was estimated using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: Serum miR-411 in patients with breast cancer was markedly decreased compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001). The level of miR-411 was correlated with clinical stage (P = 0.019), histological grade (P = 0.014), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.036). ROC curve showed that serum level of miR-411 could discriminate between breast cancer patients and healthy controls, with the AUC of 0.796, combing with the sensitivity of 82.1% and the specificity of 83.2%. The cut-off value of miR-411 for breast cancer diagnosis was 1.245.Conclusions: MiR-411 plays inhibitory roles in aggressive progression of breast cancer. Serum miR-411 may be a potential non-invasive biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis.
The High Proportion of Child Brides in Africa: Implications for The Girl Child and The Society
Authors: Adesina Miracle , Daha Mohammed , Ajobiewe Adeola , Oladele Ruth Ifeoluwa , Olufadewa Isaac , Ayorinde Toluwase 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Early marriage exposes young brides to a lot of ills, which are not limited to emotional and mental distress, school drop-out, early widowhood, Vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) disease, etc. This study, therefore, aims to present the proportion of young girls in Africa within age groups 15-19 and 20-24 years who are married, along with the percentage of those within age 20-24 years who got married before age 15 or 18.Methodology: This study made use of secondary data from the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), 2017, on the proportion of child brides in the 29 African countries. The raw data was inputted into the Microsoft Excel 2019, analyzed and presented in sentences, percentages, and tables. Results: Niger had the highest proportion (61%) of girls within the age 15-19 years who were married while Namibia had the lowest (5%). Out of 28 countries, 19 countries had less than 25% of teenage girls (15-19 years) who were married. Niger also accounted for the highest proportion (91%) of young brides married by the age 20-24 years, while Namibia had the lowest percentage (20%) of brides within the age 20-24 years. Conclusion: African countries rank among the first twenty with a high prevalence of child marriages. This practice affects the health, economic status, quality of life of these “innocent girls” both in the present and in the future. Therefore, measures to tackle this menace as recommended by UNICEF and UNFPA and emphasized by this study needs to be put in place to change this sad narrative.
Correlation Between Cerebrospinal Fluid Beta2-microglobulin and Prognosis of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Subtype M2 After Chemotherapy
Authors: Yao Mengli , Shi Jing , Zhou Lijing , Zhou Xiaolan , Hu Qin , Zhang LiJun , Wang Bo , Duan Liang , Li Dandan , Peng Xuemei , Chen Weixian , Chen Hong , chen tingmei , Li Pu 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background: The correlation of cerebrospinal fluid beta2-microglobulin (CSF-β2MG) and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia subtype M2 (AML-M2) receiving chemotherapy is uncertain. We seek to explore the prognostic and predictive value of CSF-β2MG in AML-M2 receiving chemotherapy.Methods: CSF-β2MG levels were detected by immunoturbidimetry in a cohort comprised of 40 AML-M2 patients, 25 of whom were categorized into the effective chemotherapy group (Complete Remission (CR) & Partial Remission (PR) and 15 patients into the ineffective group (Non-response (NR) & Death). The correlations between changes (%) in CSF-β2MG from baseline (change between the pre- and post-chemotherapy) or CSF-β2MG (the absolute levels of post-chemotherapy) and prognosis classifications of AML-M2 were assessed. The best cut-off points were investigated.Results: Levels of CSF-β2MG after chemotherapy and percentage change from baseline was variably presented among AML-M2s and progressively more advanced CSF-β2MG levels were associated with worse prognosis and poor therapeutic outcomes. The optimal cut-off value had the potential to be a predictor of treatment failure, hence the value for auxiliary diagnosis and accurate management.Conclusions: Changes in CSF-β2MG could be used to predict clinical outcomes of chemotherapy in patients with AML-M2. The association between changes in CSF-β2MG and the efficacy of chemotherapy thus becomes clearer but requires further study.
A ETERNA LUTA CONTRA A SOMBRA DA TORTURA E DOS CRIMES POLÍTICOS SOFRIDOS, EM DEFESA DA DIGNIDADE HUMANA
Authors: Castro Leticia Facci , Gomes Fermentão Cleide Aparecida 
Published: August 2020

A tortura é uma forma degradante de violação aos direitos humanos e da dignidade humana.com prisões e condenações sumárias sem o direito ao contraditório, prisões ilegais, torturas, mortes e pessoas desaparecidas por crimes políticos e conexos. A lei da anistia consistiu em uma espécie de perdão a todos aqueles que cometeram crimes considerados pelo Estado como atentatórios a dignidade da pessoa humana, no período de 1961 a 1979, fazendo com que as violações aos direitos humanos ocorridos na época ficassem sem punição por parte do Estado, a partir do momento em que a lei passou a vigorar no ordenamento pátrio, em 1979. Mesmo diante de uma ADPF questionando a revalidação da lei 6683/79, e a condenação do Estado Brasileiro por parte da Corte Interamericana, a lei não foi retirada do ordenamento, com seus efeitos repercutindo até os dias atuais. É preciso analisar quais normas, convenções e declarações internacionais foram infringidos com a tortura no período ditatorial. Quais os efeitos nocivos à vida humana. Danos físicos, morais, psíquicos e mentais foram causados às vítimas em um período de escuridão nos direitos, onde o poder massacrou aqueles que se colocaram contrários ao mesmo, e as torturas foram aplicadas, criando a desesperança, a perda da liberdade, da vida e da dignidade.
RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL E DEFESA DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS: O DEBATE SOBRE A ATUAÇÃO DAS EMPRESAS TRANSNACIONAIS
Authors: Cabral de Vasconcellos Patrícia Mara 
Published: August 2020

O artigo analisa como a atuação das empresas transnacionais é questionada nas organizações internacionais, desde a década de 90 e, em especial, de que maneira, a partir da Resolução 26/9 de 2014 da Organização das Nações Unidas, tem-se buscado um tratado vinculante para responsabilizá-las nos casos de violações dos direitos humanos. Assim, inicialmente, a discussão demarca conceitos como a responsabilidade social corporativa, na expectativa social de uma conduta ética voluntária por parte das corporações. No entanto, com a recorrência da violação de direitos, o debate passou a incorporar a defesa dos direitos humanos e a reivindicação de normas internacionais de responsabilização. Para a análise, a metodologia constitui-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e estudo de caso. Conclui-se que as diretrizes da ONU sobre a temática inserem-se em um sistema internacional assimétrico, de governos nacionais fragilizados. Apesar das transformações no debate, as diretrizes são insuficientes para frear a impunidade e converter a fragilidade jurídica da população frente ao poder corporativo.
Deteksi Defisiensi Unsur Hara Makro pada Tanaman Kopi berdasarkan Karakteristik Gejala Visual Daun menggunakan MTCD dan JST
Authors: Al Hakim Ahmad Annas , Minarno Agus Eko , Azhar Yufis 
Published: August 2020

AbstrakSemua tanaman, termasuk kopi membutuhkan unsur hara yang cukup untuk penunjang pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya secara normal. Apabila kebutuhan hara tidak tercukupi dengan baik, tanaman akan kekurangan suplai makanan dan gejala khas muncul pada tanaman, seperti perubahan ukuran daun, klorosis, nekrosis dan lainnya yang akan terlihat jelas terutama pada organ daun. Gejala – gejala tersebut memberikan ciri khas atau pola pada daun berdasarkan defisiensi hara yang dialami suatu tanaman. Ciri khas tersebut kemudian diekstraksi menggunakan pengolahan citra digital (PCD) dengan menerapkan Multi Texton Cooccurrence Descriptor (MTCD). Metode MTCD akan melakukan penelusuran pada tiap bagian citra, kemudian mengekstrak piksel – piksel yang memiliki kesamaan nilai warna dan tepi. Fitur-fitur hasil ekstraksi digunakan untuk mewakili setiap citra dalam basis data, dan kemudian digunakan untuk klasifikasi dengan menerapkan jaringan saraf tiruan (JST). Hasil akurasi tertinggi yang dihasilkan klasifikasi adalah 0.706. Kata kunci: Defisiensi Hara, PCD, MTCD, JST AbstractAll plants, including coffee, need enough nutrients to support their normal growth and development. If nutrient needs are not fulfilled properly, plants will lack of food supply and typical symptoms appear in plants, such as changes in leaf size, chlorosis, necrosis and others that will be clearly visible, especially in leaf organs. These symptoms give a characteristic or pattern to the leaves based on nutrient deficiencies experienced by a plant. Then these characteristics are extracted using digital image processing (DIP) by applying Multi Texton Cooccurrence Descriptor (MTCD). The MTCD method will search for each part of the image, then extract pixels that have the same color and edge values. Extracted features are used to represent each image in the database, and then used for classification by applying artificial neural networks (ANN). The highest accuracy of the resulting classification is 0.706. Keywords: Nutrient Deficiency, DIP, MTCD, ANN
Pengaruh Prinsip Design Aesthetics User Interface Terhadap Usability Aplikasi J&T Express Di Kota Malang
Authors: Abdillah Fiqri , Pradana Dharma Surya , Suharso Wildan 
Published: August 2020

AbstrakKehadiran sebuah aplikasi dirasa dapat mempermudah penggunanya, J&T Express sebagai brand pengiriman paket kilat di Indonesia menghadirkan metode pemesanan paket yang menarik dan baru yaitu melalui aplikasi online untuk semua media transaksi, sebelumnya metode pengiriman paket melalui aplikasi hanya terdapat di luar Indonesia dan dilakukan oleh brand express non local. Namun berdasarkan hasil survey di Kota Malang, dari 5000 jumlah pengguna J&T di Malang hanya 25% saja yang menggunakan aplikasi mobile J&T. Untuk mengetahui seberapa mudah penggunaan aplikasi tersebut, banyak metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi masalah usability terutama dari sisi antarmuka atau aspek aesthetics interface salah satunya menggunakan metode visAWI Questionnaire melalui empat faktor yaitu kesederhanaan, keragaman, pewarnaan dan keahlian pada suatu desain, selanjutnya untuk mengukur persepi penggunaan dalam segi kesederhanaan, keragaman, pewarnaan, dan keahlian akan berdampak pada penilaian aspek efisiensi, efektivitas dan akan berpengaruh pada penilaian kepuasan pengguna dalam menggunakan aplikasi dengan analisis partial least square.Abstract The presence of an application could make things easier for the users. J&T Express as an express shipping service in Indonesia is introducing a new method for customers on using their service through online-based application for all media of transactions. Prior to that, the current method only used by foreign express shipping companies. Based on a survey that held in the city of Malang, only 25% of the total 5000 J&T users are using the J&T mobile application. The visAWI Questionnaire method through the four factors; which are simplicity, diversity, colourfulness, and the competence of the design is used to inspect and identify the usability from the application’s interface or aesthetics interface, then to measure usage in terms of simplicity, diversity, colourfulness and craftmanship will increase the assessment of efficiency, effectiveness and will increase the satisfaction of user satisfaction in using the application with partial least square analysis.