bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scale(s) matter: Deconstructing an area of endemism for Middle American freshwater fishes
Authors: Elías Diego J. , McMahan Caleb D. , Matamoros Wilfredo A. , Gómez‐González Adan E. , Piller Kyle R. , Chakrabarty Prosanta 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThe processes that generate biodiversity occur at finer scales than are often studied, particularly in freshwater systems of the northern Neotropics. We investigate whether fine‐scale biogeographic patterns are present within the larger Grijalva–Usumacinta Area of Endemism (AoE) —a region in Middle America where nearly 60% of freshwater fishes are endemic—and if present‐day river basins are single historical units.LocationNorthern Central America and southern Mexico.TaxonFreshwater fishes (e.g., Cichlidae, Poeciliidae, Ostariophysi)MethodsWe used fine‐scale distributional data for freshwater fishes in northern Middle America (based on museum records and fieldwork) and performed cluster analyses on a presence/absence data matrix of 117 species. We assessed statistical support of geographic clusters using global one‐way analysis of similarity and recovered endemic areas that were further supported by species indicator analyses. Endemic areas were diagnosed by the distribution of endemic species within these areas. For a broader scale we also performed phylogeographic analyses for widespread species representing the dominant families of the region.ResultsWe found unrecognized biogeographic structure within the Grijalva‐Usumacinta AoE. Different lineages possess varying degrees of geographic structuring and endemic species were not homogeneously distributed across the riverscape.Main conclusionsWe redefine the geographic boundaries of two northern Middle American areas of endemism. We identify five endemic areas nested within the larger Grijalva‐Usumacinta AoE. We demonstrate that the upper reaches of the Usumacinta and Grijalva river basins are independent historical biogeographic units and can be differentiated from their lower reaches based on their assemblage and molecular diversity. The recognition of these endemic areas can help us define the geographic landscape and develop hypotheses about the processes that generated the ichthyofauna of northern Middle America.
The phenotypic changes of γδ T cells in COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Lei Lei , Qian Hongbo , Yang Xiaofang , Zhang Xingzhe , Zhang Dan , Dai Tongxin , Guo Rui , Shi Lin , Cheng Yanbin , Zhang Baojun , Zhou Xiaobo , Hu Jinsong , Guo Yaling 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA novel pneumonia‐associated respiratory syndrome named coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19), which was caused by SARS‐CoV‐2，broke out in Wuhan, China, in the end of 2019. Unfortunately, there is no specific antiviral agent or vaccine available to treat SARS‐CoV‐2 infections. The information regarding the immunological characteristics in COVID‐19 patients remains limited. Here, we collected the blood samples from 18 healthy donors (HD) and 38 COVID‐19 patients to analyze changes on γδ T cell population. In comparison with HD, the γδ T cell percentage decreased, while the activation marker CD25 expression increased in response to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Interestingly, the CD4 expression was upregulated in γδ T cells reflecting the occurrence of a specific effector cell population, which may serve as a biomarker for the assessment of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Extracellular vesicle‐carried microRNA‐27b derived from mesenchymal stem cells accelerates cutaneous wound healing via E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH
Authors: Cheng Shihuan , Xi Zhiyu , Chen Guang , Liu Kai , Ma Renshi , Zhou Chen 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been highlighted as promising candidate cells in relation to cutaneous wound healing. The current study aimed to investigate whether MSC‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) could transfer microRNA‐27b (miR‐27b) to influence cutaneous wound healing. The miR‐27b expression was examined in the established cutaneous wound mouse model, and its correlation with the wound healing rate was evaluated by Pearson's correlation analysis. The identified human umbilical cord MSC‐derived EVs were co‐cultured with human immortal keratinocyte line HaCaT and human skin fibroblasts (HSFs). The mice with cutaneous wound received injections of MSC‐derived EVs. The effects of EVs or miR‐27b loaded on wound healing and cellular functions were analysed via gain‐ and loss‐of‐function approaches in the co‐culture system. Dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to verify the relationship between miR‐27b and Itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (ITCH). Rescue experiments were conducted to investigate the underlying mechanisms associated with the ITCH/JUNB/inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) axis. miR‐27b was down‐regulated in the mouse model, with its expression found to be positively correlated with the wound healing rate. Abundant miR‐27b was detected in the MSC‐derived EVs, while EV‐transferred miR‐27b improved cutaneous wound healing in mice and improved proliferation and migration of HaCaT cells and HSFs in vitro. As a target of miR‐27b, ITCH was found to repress cell proliferation and migration. ITCH enhanced the JUNB ubiquitination and degradation, ultimately inhibiting JUNB and IRE1α expressions and restraining wound healing. Collectively, MSC‐derived EVs transferring miR‐27b can promote cutaneous wound healing via ITCH/JUNB/IRE1α signalling, providing insight with clinical implications.
Ultrasound combined with SDF‐1α chemotactic microbubbles promotes stem cell homing in an osteoarthritis model
Authors: Xiang Xi , Liu Hui , Wang Liyun , Zhu Bihui , Ma Lang , Du Fangxue , Li Ling , Qiu Li 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease in the middle and old age group with obvious cartilage damage, and the regeneration of cartilage is the key to alleviating or treating OA. In stem cell therapy, bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) has been confirmed to have cartilage regeneration ability. However, the role of stem cells in promoting articular cartilage regeneration is severely limited by their low homing rate. Stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α (SDF‐1α) plays a vital role in MSC migration and involves activation, mobilization, homing and retention. So, we aim to develop SDF‐1α‐loaded microbubbles MB(SDF‐1α), and to verify the migration of BMSCs with the effect of ultrasound combined with MB(SDF‐1α) in vitro and in vivo. The characteristics of microbubbles and the content of SDF‐1α were examined in vitro. To evaluate the effect of ultrasound combined with chemotactic microbubbles on stem cell migration, BMSCs were injected locally and intravenously into the knee joint of the OA model, and the markers of BMSCs in the cartilage were detected. We successfully prepared MB(SDF‐1α) through covalent bonding with impressive SDF‐1α loading efficacy loading content. In vitro study, ultrasound combined with MB(SDF‐1α) group can promote more stem cell migration with highest migrating cell counts, good cell viability and highest CXCR4 expression. In vivo experiment, more BMSCs surface markers presented in the ultrasound combined with MB(SDF‐1α) group with or without exogenous BMSCs administration. Hence, ultrasound combined with MB(SDF‐1α) could promote the homing of BMSCs to cartilage and provide a novel promising therapeutic approach for OA.
Type 1 diabetes management and outcomes: A multicenter study in Thailand
Authors: Dejkhamron Prapai , Santiprabhob Jeerunda , Likitmaskul Supawadee , Deerochanawong Chaicharn , Rawdaree Petch , Tharavanij Thipaporn , Reutrakul Sirimon , Kongkanka Chawkaew , Suprasongsin Chittiwat , Numbenjapon Nawaporn , Sahakitrungruang Taninee , Lertwattanarak Raweewan , Engkakul Pontipa , Sriwijitkamol Apiradee , Korwutthikulrangsri Manassawee , Leelawattana Rattana , Phimphilai Mattabhorn , Potisat Somkiat , Khananuraksa Panthep , Nopmaneejumruslers Cherdchai , Nitiyanant Wannee ,   the Thai Type 1 Diabetes and Diabetes Diagnosed Before Age 30 Years Registry, Care, and Network (T1DDAR CN)
Published: August 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe Thai Type 1 Diabetes and Diabetes Diagnosed Before Age 30 Years Registry, Care and Network was established in 2014 and involved 31 hospitals. The objective of the registry was to evaluate glycemic control and complications of patients with type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsPatients’ demographics, clinical data, frequencies of daily self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), glycemic control and complications were collected.ResultsAmong the 1,907 type 1 diabetes patients, the mean age was 21.2 ± 11.3 years. The mean glycated hemoglobin level was 9.35 ± 2.41%, with significant variations among age groups (P < 0.001). Conventional insulin treatment and intensive insulin treatment were used in 43 and 57% of patients, respectively. Mean glycated hemoglobin levels were significantly higher in patients treated with conventional insulin treatment compared to those treated with intensive insulin treatment (9.63 ± 2.34 vs 9.17 ± 2.46%, P = 0.002). Compared to the conventional insulin treatment group, significantly more patients in the intensive insulin treatment group achieved good glycemic control (P < 0.001), and fewer had diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.031). The prevalence of microvascular complications increased significantly with age (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed good glycemic control to be associated with age 25 to <45 years, intensive insulin treatment with SMBG three or more times daily and diabetes duration of 1 to <5 years.ConclusionsMost Thai type 1 diabetes patients were not meeting the recommended glycemic target. As a result of this study, the national program to improve the quality of diabetes treatment and education has been implemented, and the results are ongoing.
Daily life activities simulation: Improving nursing students' attitudes toward older patients
Authors: Demirtas Ayla , Basak Tulay 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAimThis study aims to evaluate the effects of daily life activities simulation on the attitudes of first‐year nursing students toward older adults within the scope of geriatric nursing.MethodsThe study was carried out using a pretest‐posttest, quasi‐experimental design. First‐year undergraduate students (N = 119) of a nursing faculty constituted the study sample. The students were divided into two groups as intervention and control groups. The intervention group performed the daily life activities simulation. Data were collected by using Kogan's Attitudes Towards old People Scale (KAOP) and Positive and Negative Ageism Scale (PNAS). SPSS Ver. 22.00 software was used for statistical analysis. Chi‐square test, and t test were used for comparative statistics.ResultsMost of the participants were female, and mean age was 20.96 ± 3.24. Intergroup comparison of the KAOP and PNAS scores reveals a statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores for the simulation group (p ˂ .05). The posttest KOAP and PNAS scores of the simulation and control groups were statistically significantly different (p ˂ .05).ConclusionDaily life activities simulation is an effective method to improve nursing students' positive attitudes toward older adults. Participant feedback from our study shows that the simulation increased empathy and awareness of geriatric nursing.
Extracranial Carotid Artery Stenosis: The Effects on Brain and Cognition with a Focus on Resting‐State Functional Connectivity
Authors: Porcu Michele , Cocco Luigi , Saloner David , Suri Jasjit S. , Montisci Roberto , Carriero Alessandro , Saba Luca 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTExtracranial carotid artery stenosis (ECAS) due to the presence of atherosclerotic plaque is a well‐known risk factor for stroke. Several structural imaging studies have investigated the effect of ECAS on the brain, focusing on structural damage (in particular cerebral small vessel disease) and on the rearrangement of the cerebral circulation. For example, it is known from the literature an association between carotid stenosis and cerebral small vessel disease, and it is also noted that a series of compensatory mechanisms are activated by the cerebrovascular system in order to overcome the cerebral hypoperfusion that is induced by the ECAS. Several neurocognitive studies have also investigated the association of ECAS with cognitive deficits. While the evidence tends to favor a direct association between ECAS and cognition, the actual relationship remains controversial. In the last decade, various resting‐state functional connectivity (rs‐fc) magnetic resonance (MR) studies have tried to elucidate the “in vivo” mechanisms underlying the cognitive impairment observed in these patients. Although these studies have been performed on small cohorts of patients without standardized protocols, it is plausible that in the future, such studies will help find early stage markers of cognitive impairment. This could permit an extension of indications for revascularization for the treatment of cognitive impairment in selected patients. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the current knowledge on the effects of ECAS on brain and cognition by analyzing the main evidence from animal and clinical studies, with a special focus on rs‐fc MR studies.
In Vitro Evaluation of Translucency and Color Stability of CAD/CAM Polymer‐Infiltrated Ceramic Materials after Accelerated Aging
Authors: Al Amri Mohammad D. , Labban Nawaf , Alhijji Saleh , Alamri Hassan , Iskandar Mounir , Platt Jeffrey A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate and compare the translucency and color stability of a newly introduced polymer‐infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) material (Crystal Ultra) to those of clinically well‐established restorative materials.Materials and MethodsA total of 80 specimens measuring (12 × 14 × 1 mm ± 0.05 mm) were prepared from five CAD/CAM (IPS e.max (IPS), Lava Ultimate (LU), Cerasmart (CS), Vita Enamic (VE), Crystal Ultra (CU)) high translucency (HT) blocks in A2 or equivalent shades. Specimens were randomly allocated into two groups (A and B) (n = 8), and were subjected to 5,000 thermal‐cycles (TC). This was followed by one‐week immersion of group A specimens in coffee (staining) solution and group B specimens in distilled water. Following immersion, the specimens from both groups were further subjected to 5,000 TC. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the translucency parameter (TP) and color change (ΔE00) of the samples using CIELAB color coordinates at baseline, after 5,000 TC, following immersion, and after further 5,000 TC. Color stability was evaluated using the CIEDE2000 formula. Data were analyzed by non‐parametric tests (α = 0.05).ResultsThe TP values of the CAD/CAM materials ranged from 18.0‐22.0. Following the initial TC, the changes in TP values were significant for VE (p = 0.012). Coffee immersion and further TC significantly impacted the TP values of PICN (VE and CU) materials compared to glass‐ ceramics (IPS), and resin nanoceramic (CS and LU) materials (p = 0.012). The comparison between CAD/CAM materials at different intervals showed a significant difference in the TP values (p < 0.01). The materials showed perceptible color changes following the initial TC except for PICN materials which demonstrated acceptable color changes. The major color difference was noticed for the resin nanoceramic specimens immersed in coffee; LU and CS showed higher color changes (ΔE00 = 2.45 and 2.09, respectively) than VE and CU (ΔE00 < 1.8).ConclusionsThe translucency of the newly introduced Crystal Ultra PICN material was low compared to the resin nanoceramics and lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic. The Crystal Ultra material exhibited better color stability compared to resin nanoceramics, but higher color change when compared with Vita Enamic PICN and lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic CAD/CAM materials.
CAD/CAM Complete Denture Resins: An In Vitro Evaluation of Color Stability
Authors: Gruber Simon , Kamnoedboon Porawit , Özcan Mutlu , Srinivasan Murali 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the color stability of CAD/CAM complete denture resins.Materials and MethodsA total of 176 resin specimens were manufactured from conventional heat‐polymerizing (pink: CONHCP: n = 16; tooth‐shade: CONHCT: n = 16), CAD/CAM subtractively manufactured (pink: WIMP: n = 16, AVMP: n = 16, MEMP: n = 16, POMP: n = 16; tooth‐shade: AVMT: n = 16, MEMT: n = 16, POMT: n = 16), and additively manufactured (pink: NDRPP: n = 16; tooth‐shade: NDRPT: n = 16) denture resins; four different aging processes (thermal cycling, distilled water, red‐wine, and coffee) were used. A spectrophotometer evaluated the color change (ΔE) using two modes of measurements (specular component included (ΔESCI) and specular component excluded (ΔESCE)) recorded at baseline (T0) and at day#30 (T30). ANOVA and post hoc tests were used for statistical analysis (alpha = 0.05).ResultsAdditively manufactured resins (NDRPP and NDRPT) demonstrated significant ΔE in comparison to the other groups in all aging media (p < 0.001). WIMP demonstrated higher ΔESCI in comparison to the other subtractively manufactured groups in distilled water (p < 0.001). In red‐wine, AVMT revealed significantly more ΔESCE than POMT (p = 0.039). In coffee, the ΔESCE was higher for CONHCT than MEMT (p = 0.026) and POMT (p = 0.011). Similarly, in coffee the ΔESCE for AVMT was higher than POMT (p = 0.030).ConclusionAdditively manufactured denture resins demonstrated the maximum color change compared to conventional heat‐polymerized and CAD/CAM subtractively manufactured denture resins. Furthermore, CAD/CAM subtractively manufactured denture resins were not inferior to conventional resins in terms of color stability.
Indirect Digital Workflow for Virtual Cross‐Mounting of Fixed Implant‐Supported Prostheses to Create a 3D Virtual Patient
Authors: Lepidi Luca , Galli Matthew , Grammatica Aldo , Joda Tim , Wang Hom‐Lay , Li Junying 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMounting dental casts in an articulator is an important prerequisite for prosthodontic rehabilitation cases where the design of an accurate static and dynamic occlusion is needed. Virtual mounting can be achieved through the superimposition of various 3D images acquired from the hard and soft tissues of the patient. The purpose of this technical report is to describe a digital cross‐mounting technique for patients undergoing implant‐supported fixed prosthetic treatment. Through the use of face scanning, intraoral scanning, and cone beam computed tomography, this technique enables creation of a 3D virtual patient with occlusal registration in centric relation. Ultimately, the described methodology allows for the fabrication of definitive full‐mouth implant‐supported fixed prostheses.
Corruption, tax evasion, and seigniorage in a monetary endogenous growth model
Authors: Marakbi Réda , Villieu Patrick 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we reassess the link between corruption, economic growth, and inflation. To this end, we build an endogenous growth model with transaction costs in which a corruption sector allows households evading from taxation. Several results emerge. First, seigniorage acts as a tax on corruption and therefore allows reducing the aggregate level of corruption in equilibrium. Second, corruption increases both the growth‐maximizing and the welfare‐maximizing seigniorage rate. Third, corruption can be identified as an autonomous channel of nonsuperneutrality of money. Fourth, our model exhibits a U‐shaped relation between corruption and inflation, contrasting with previous literature. On this last point, an empirical investigation based on a structural threshold regression framework confirms the predictions of the theoretical model.
Shapley and Scarf housing markets with consumption externalities
Authors: Graziano Maria Gabriella , Meo Claudia , Yannelis Nicholas C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe introduce externalities into the classical model by Shapley and Scarf; that is, agents care about others and their preferences are defined over allocations rather than over single indivisible goods. After collecting some results about the nonexistence of several cooperative solutions, we focus on stable allocations and propose domains of preferences that can guarantee that they both exist and form a stable set à la von Neumann and Morgenstern.
Disruption of neocortical synchronisation during slow‐wave sleep in the rotenone model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: dos Santos Lima Gustavo Zampier , Targa Adriano D. S. , de Freitas Cavalcante Samantha , Rodrigues Lais S. , Fontenele‐Araújo John , Torterolo Pablo , Andersen Monica L. , Lima Marcelo M. S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractParkinson’s disease motor dysfunctions are associated with improperly organised neural oscillatory activity. The presence of such disruption at the early stages of the disease in which altered sleep is one of the main features could be a relevant predictive feature. Based on this, we aimed to investigate the neocortical synchronisation dynamics during slow‐wave sleep (SWS) in the rotenone model of Parkinson’s disease. After rotenone administration within the substantia nigra pars compacta, one group of male Wistar rats underwent sleep–wake recording. Considering the association between SWS oscillatory activity and memory consolidation, another group of rats underwent a memory test. The fine temporal structure of synchronisation dynamics was evaluated by a recently developed technique called first return map. We observed that rotenone administration decreased the time spent in SWS and altered the power spectrum within different frequency bands, whilst it increased the transition rate from a synchronised to desynchronised state. This neurotoxin also increased the probability of longer and decreased the probability of shorter desynchronisation events. At the same time, we observed impairment in object recognition memory. These findings depict an electrophysiological fingerprint represented by a disruption in the typical oscillatory activity within the neocortex at the early stages of Parkinson’s disease, concomitant with a decrease in the time spent in SWS and impairment in recognition memory.
Fungal heavy metal adaptation through single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy‐number variation
Authors: Bazzicalupo Anna L. , Ruytinx Joske , Ke Yi‐Hong , Coninx Laura , Colpaert Jan V. , Nguyen Nhu H. , Vilgalys Rytas , Branco Sara 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHuman‐altered environments can shape the evolution of organisms. Fungi are no exception, although little is known about how they withstand anthropogenic pollution. Here, we document adaptation in the mycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus driven by soil heavy metal contamination. Genome scans across individuals from recently polluted and nearby unpolluted soils in Belgium revealed low divergence across isolates and no evidence of population structure based on soil type. However, we detected single nucleotide polymorphism divergence and gene copy‐number variation, with different genetic combinations potentially conferring the ability to persist in contaminated soils. Variants were shared across the population but found to be under selection in isolates exposed to pollution and located across the genome, including in genes involved in metal exclusion, storage, immobilization and reactive oxygen species detoxification. Together, our results point to S. luteus undergoing the initial steps of adaptive divergence and contribute to understanding the processes underlying local adaptation under strong environmental selection.