bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes of abiraterone acetate and predictors of its treatment duration in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer: Real‐world experience in the Southeast Asian cohort
Authors: Lim Jasmine , Amantakul Akara , Shariff Nisha , Lojanapiwat Bannakij , Alip Adlinda , Ong Teng Aik , Thevarajah Shankaran , Ahmayuddin Firdaus , Mathew Adeline , Sriplakich Supon , Vuthiwong Jaraspong , Chong Flora Li Tze , Saad Marniza 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIt is of much interest to understand the efficacy of abiraterone acetate (AA) in routine clinical practice. We assessed the clinical outcome of AA in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and determined clinical factors associated with AA treatment duration in real‐world setting. This real‐world cohort consisted of 93 patients with mCRPC treated with AA in Thailand (58.1%) and Malaysia (41.9%). Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and biochemical progression‐free survival (bPFS). Secondary endpoints were predictors associated with AA treatment duration evaluated with Cox proportional hazards regression. Around 74% were chemotherapy‐naïve. The median AA treatment duration was 10 months (IQR 5.6‐17.1). Malaysians had a relatively lower median OS and bPFS (OS 17.8 months; 95% CI 6.4‐29.1, bPFS 10.4 months; 95% CI 8.8‐12.0) compared to Thais (OS 27.0 months; 95% CI 11.3‐42.7, bPFS 14.0 months; 95% CI 5.8‐22.2), although it did not achieve statistical significance (P > .05). Patients with longer AA treatment duration (>10 months) had lower risk of death and longer bPFS, compared to those with shorter AA treatment duration (≤10 months) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.10, 95% CI 0.05‐0.22 and HR 0.13, 95% CI 0.06‐0.25, respectively). Multivariable analysis showed that PSA at AA initiation, presence of PSA response and chemotherapy‐naive were independently associated with AA duration (P < .05). Abiraterone acetate is well‐tolerated in the Southeast Asian cohort with comparable survival benefits to other Asian populations in real‐world setting. Lower PSA levels at AA initiation, presence of PSA response, and chemotherapy‐naive were significant in determining AA treatment duration.
Redox‐Active Phenolic Compounds Mediate the Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Effects of Carpodesmia tamariscifolia (=Cystoseira tamariscifolia)
Authors: Moussa Hanaa , Quezada Elías , Viña Dolores , Riadi Hassane , Gil‐Longo José 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCarpodesmia tamariscifolia is a brown alga rich in (poly)phenols with important cytotoxic and antioxidant effects. However, the relationship between its chemical composition and its effects is unknown. The aim of this study is to identify the potential compounds and mechanisms responsible for its main effects. The alga was extracted consecutively with hexane, dichloromethane and methanol and further fractionated using Sephadex LH‐20 and silica gel columns when appropriate. The fractions were subjected to thin‐layer chromatography and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis and evaluated for their total phenolic content (Folin‐Ciocalteu assay), radical scavenging activity (DPPH assay), cytotoxic activity (MTT assay on the SH‐SY5Y cell line), and ability to generate H2O2 (Amplex Red assay). Chromatographic and phenolic analyses of the fractions indicate that abundant redox‐active phenols are present in all the fractions and that a high amount of prenylated hydroquinone derivatives is present in the apolar ones. In the hexane and dichloromethane fractions, the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities are closely related to their phenolic content, whereas in the methanol fractions, the cytotoxicity is negatively related to the phenolic content and the antioxidant activity is positively related to it. In the same tests, hydroquinone behaves as both strong cytotoxic and antioxidant agent. H2O2 assay shows that C. tamariscifolia fractions and hydroquinone can autoxidize and generate H2O2. Our results suggest that redox‐active phenols produce the pharmacological effects described for C. tamariscifolia and that the hydroquinone moiety of prenylated hydroquinone derivatives is responsible for both cytotoxic (through a pro‐oxidant mechanism secondary to its autoxidation) and antioxidant effects of the apolar fractions.
Infrared Spectroscopy Reveals the Preferred Motif Size and Local Disorder in Parallel Stranded DNA G‐Quadruplexes
Authors: Price David A. , Kartje Zachary J. , Hughes Joanna A. , Hill Tayler D. , Loth Taylor M. , Watts Jonathan K. , Gagnon Keith T. , Moran Sean D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInfrared spectroscopy detects the formation of G‐quadruplexes in guanine‐rich nucleic acid sequences through shifts in the guanine C=O stretch mode. Here, we use ultrafast 2D infrared (IR) spectroscopy and isotope substitution to show that these shifts arise from vibrational delocalization among stacked G‐quartets. This provides a direct measure of the sizes of locally ordered motifs in heterogeneous samples with substantial disordered regions. We find that parallel‐stranded, potassium‐bound DNA G‐quadruplexes are limited to five consecutive G‐quartets and 3–4 consecutive layers are preferred for longer polyguanine tracts. The resulting potassium‐dependent G‐quadruplex assembly landscape reflects the polyguanine tract lengths found in genomes, the ionic conditions prevalent in healthy mammalian cells, and the onset of structural disorder in disease states. Our study describes spectral markers that can be used to probe other G‐quadruplex structures and provides insight into the fundamental limits of their formation in biological and artificial systems.
The long noncoding RNA NR_045363 involves cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac repair via p53 signal pathway
Authors: Chen Xianda , Wang Jue , Nie Yu , Chu Maoping 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can participate in various biological behaviors, including regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The investigators have previously confirmed that highly conserved lncRNA NR_045363 controls cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation and cardiac repair. The present study investigates the effects of NR_045363 on CM apoptosis. Seven‐day‐old mice were subjected to permanent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (LAD), and the NR_045363 expression was analyzed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The expression of NR_045363 in the MI group significantly exceeded the Sham group during the first week after the operation. The NR_045363 expression was knocked down in primary cultured CMs using an NR_045363‐targeting lncRNA Smart silencer, and the apoptosis of CMs was analyzed by terminal‐deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling and Annexin‐V/PI double staining. These present results indicate that the NR_045363 knockdown significantly promoted the apoptosis of CMs. In order to investigate the underlying mechanism, RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) was performed, and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was used to analyze the RNA‐seq results. The RNA‐seq data revealed that a total of 2,291 genes were upregulated or downregulated in NR_045363 knockdown CMs, and the IPA analysis indicated that tumor protein 53 (p53) was the upstream regulator. In vivo, the NR_045363 overexpression through the AAV9 system improved the heart function after MI in 7‐day‐old mice and inhibited the CM apoptosis. These data suggest that NR_045363 is involved in CM apoptosis and that NR_045363 overexpression exerts positive effects on cardiac repair by alleviating CM apoptosis through the inhibition of the p53 pathway.
Regulation of an Ambient‐Light‐Induced Photocyclization Pathway (Norrish–Yang Versus 6π) by Substituent Choice
Authors: Liu Hui , Gao Hu , Wang Sisi , Yao Shengxin , Wu Fan , Zhao Yue , Chan Kin Shing , Shen Zhen 
Published: May 2020

AbstractPhotocyclization, irrespective of whether multiple steps (e.g., Norrish–Yang cyclization) or a single concerted step (e.g., 6π photocyclization) are involved, is an intramolecular photochemical process resulting in the formation of one new single bond to afford a ring system. In particular, visible‐light‐induced photocyclization offers a green and sustainable route to organic cyclic compounds that are difficult to access by thermal reactions. Herein, we describe the ambient light‐induced intramolecular photocyclization of a series of donor/acceptor chromophores 1 d–3 d containing two types of photoresponsive motifs, namely an electron‐deficient BF2‐chelated ketone fused with an electron‐rich thiophene, and probe the solution‐phase and solid‐state photochromic performance of these compounds. The results reveal that simple variation of R substituents on the diaryl moiety allows one to control the intramolecular photocyclization mechanism with high photochemical selectivity, e.g., under ambient light, methyl‐substituted 1 d and 2 d undergo reversible 6π photocyclization, whereas ethyl‐substituted 3 d exclusively undergoes irreversible Norrish–Yang photocyclization. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis of Norrish–Yang cyclization products reveals the formation of four pairs of conformational enantiomers differing in the dihedral angle between benzothiophene and the BF2 core, namely (±)N‐3 d@68°, (±)N‐3 d@‐77°, (±)N‐3 d@‐78°, and (±)N‐3 d@‐102°. The UV/Vis absorption spectra of 1 d–3 d cover a broad visible‐light region (380–572 nm), while DFT and TD‐DFT calculations reveal that absorption in this region is dominated by the charge‐transfer (CT) transition from the thiophene‐centered HOMO to the LUMO of the electron‐deficient π‐conjugated BF2‐chelated unit and the n→π* and π→π* transitions within the latter unit. The spatial separation of the HOMO and LUMO of these dyes promotes triplet‐state generation and self‐photosensitizes intramolecular photocyclization in the visible‐light region. Three‐dimensional time‐resolved and steady‐state emission spectra of 3 d show that the Norrish–Yang photocyclization takes place within milliseconds with excellent conversion efficiency (96 %).
Rhodium(I)‐NHC Complexes Bearing Bidentate Bis‐Heteroatomic Acidato Ligands as gem‐Selective Catalysts for Alkyne Dimerization
Authors: Galiana‐Cameo María , Borraz Marina , Zelenkova Yaroslava , Passarelli Vincenzo , Lahoz Fernando J. , Pérez‐Torrente Jesús J. , Oro Luis A. , Di Giuseppe Andrea , Castarlenas Ricardo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractA series of Rh(κ2‐BHetA)(η2‐coe)(IPr) complexes bearing 1,3‐bis‐hetereoatomic acidato ligands (BHetA) including carboxylato (O,O), thioacetato (O,S), amidato (O,N), thioamidato (N,S), and amidinato (N,N), have been prepared by reaction of the dinuclear precursor [Rh(μ‐Cl)(IPr)(η2‐coe)]2 with the corresponding anionic BHetA species. The RhI‐NHC‐BHetA compounds catalyze the dimerization of aryl alkynes, showing excellent selectivity for the head‐to‐tail enynes. Among them, the acetanilidato‐based catalyst has shown an outstanding catalytic performance reaching unprecedented TOF levels of 2500 h−1 with complete selectivity for the gem‐isomer. Investigation of the reaction mechanism supports a non‐oxidative pathway in which the BHetA ligand behaves as proton shuttle through intermediate κ1‐HBHetA species. However, in the presence of pyridine as additive, the identification of the common RhIIIH(C≡CPh)2(IPr)(py)2 intermediate gives support for an alternative oxidative route.
Stabilizing DNAzymes through Encapsulation in a Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Zhong Huiye , Lo Wei‐Shang , Man Tiantian , Williams Benjamin P. , Li Dan , Chen Sheng‐Yu , Pei Hao , Li Li , Tsung Chia‐Kuang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDNAzymes are a promising class of bioinspired catalyst; however, their structural instability limits their potential. Herein, a method to stabilize DNAzymes by encapsulating them in a metal–organic framework (MOF) host is reported. This biomimetic mineralization process makes DNAzymes active under a wider range of conditions. The concept is demonstrated by encapsulating hemin‐G‐quadruplex (Hemin‐G4) into zeolitic imidazolate framework‐90 (ZIF‐90), which indeed increases the DNAzyme's structural stability. The stabilized DNAzymes show activities in the presence of Exonuclease I, organic solvents, or high temperature. Owing to its elevated stability and heterogeneous nature, it is possible to perform catalysis under continuous‐flow conditions, and the DNAzyme can be reactivated in situ by introducing K+. Moreover, it is found that the encapsulated DNAzyme maintains its high enantiomer selectivity, demonstrated by the sulfoxidation of thioanisole to (S)‐methyl phenyl sulfoxide. This concept of stabilizing DNAzymes expands their potential application in chemical industry.
Synthesis of Tamoxifen‐Artemisinin and Estrogen‐Artemisinin Hybrids Highly Potent Against Breast and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Fröhlich Tony , Mai Christina , Bogautdinov Roman P. , Morozkina Svetlana N. , Shavva Alexander G. , Friedrich Oliver , Gilbert Daniel F. , Tsogoeva Svetlana B. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn the search for new and effective treatments of breast and prostate cancer, a series of hybrid compounds based on tamoxifen, estrogens, and artemisinin were successfully synthesized and analyzed for their in vitro activities against human prostate (PC‐3) and breast cancer (MCF‐7) cell lines. Most of the hybrid compounds exhibit a strong anticancer activity against both cancer cell lines – for example, EC50 (PC‐3) down to 1.07 μM, and EC50 (MCF‐7) down to 2.08 μM – thus showing higher activities than their parent compounds 4‐hydroxytamoxifen (afimoxifene, 7; EC50=75.1 (PC‐3) and 19.3 μM (MCF‐7)), dihydroartemisinin (2; EC50=263.6 (PC‐3) and 49.3 μM (MCF‐7)), and artesunic acid (3; EC50=195.1 (PC‐3) and 32.0 μM (MCF‐7)). The most potent compounds were the estrogen‐artemisinin hybrids 27 and 28 (EC50=1.18 and 1.07 μM, respectively) against prostate cancer, and hybrid 23 (EC50=2.08 μM) against breast cancer. These findings demonstrate the high potential of hybridization of artemisinin and estrogens to further improve their anticancer activities and to produce synergistic effects between linked pharmacophores.
Functional organization and connectivity of the dorsal column nuclei complex reveals a sensorimotor integration and distribution hub
Authors: Loutit Alastair J. , Vickery Richard M. , Potas Jason R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe dorsal column nuclei complex (DCN‐complex) includes the dorsal column nuclei (DCN, referring to the gracile and cuneate nuclei collectively), external cuneate, X, and Z nuclei, and the median accessory nucleus. The DCN are organized by both somatotopy and modality, and have a diverse range of afferent inputs and projection targets. The functional organization and connectivity of the DCN implicate them in a variety of sensorimotor functions, beyond their commonly accepted role in processing and transmitting somatosensory information to the thalamus, yet this is largely underappreciated in the literature. To consolidate insights into their sensorimotor functions, this review examines the morphology, organization, and connectivity of the DCN and their associated nuclei. First, we briefly discuss the receptors, afferent fibers, and pathways involved in conveying tactile and proprioceptive information to the DCN. Next, we review the modality and somatotopic arrangements of the remaining constituents of the DCN‐complex. Finally, we examine and discuss the functional implications of the myriad of DCN‐complex projection targets throughout the diencephalon, midbrain, and hindbrain, in addition to their modulatory inputs from the cortex. The organization and connectivity of the DCN‐complex suggest that these nuclei should be considered a complex integration and distribution hub for sensorimotor information.
The effect of a single‐sided pole shoe and slot on reducing torque ripple in a switched reluctance motor
Authors: Ma Hongzhong , Huang Chaozhi , Liu Xiping , Shi Wangfeng , Liu Wei 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe switched reluctance motor (SRM) has the high level of vibration and noise, whose application is greatly limited in many fields. In this article, a novel stator for a SRM is designed to reduce torque ripple and is suitable for one‐directional or low‐speed reverse rotation. On the one hand, a shoe is added to the stator pole side in the rotating forward direction from the completely unaligned to the aligned position. On the other hand, a slot is set on the top of stator tooth. First, causes of vibration and torque ripple are analyzed. Second, it is indicated by the equivalent magnetic circuit (EMC) method that the air gap permeability of the model with the single‐sided pole shoe is larger than that of the conventional model in the nonoverlapping region between the stator and rotor. The influences of the angle and height of shoe on the air gap magnetic density, radial force, and torque ripple are analyzed. Third, the results from EMC method show that the radial force can be reduced by opening a slot at the top of stator pole arc. The width and depth of slot which has effect on the radial force and torque ripple are analyzed. Finally, finite element analysis results show that the decreases of 34.52% for the radial force wave peak and 43.39% for the torque ripple are achieved at the cost of a decrease of 8.54% for the average torque of the single‐sided pole and the slot model of the stator pole compared with the conventional model. Some experiments for the two prototypes verify that the torque ripple and radial force can be reduced by adopting the new model.
Charge Transfer and Metastable Ion Dissociation of Multiply Charged Molecular Cations Observed by Using Reflectron Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Kitashoji Akihiro , Kitagawa Kosei , Fujihara Akimasa , Yatsuhashi Tomoyuki 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Tomoyuki Yatsuhashi (Osaka City University) as well as Dr. Akimasa Fujihara (Osaka Prefecture University). The image shows that the potential energy of a product ion formed by metastable ion dissociation can be larger than that of a multiply charged precursor ion. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/cphc.202000021.
Detection of IgM and IgG antibodies in patients with coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Hou Hongyan , Wang Ting , Zhang Bo , Luo Ying , Mao Lie , Wang Feng , Wu Shiji , Sun Ziyong 
Published: May 2020

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the IgM and IgG responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV)‐2 in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients with varying illness severities.MethodsIgM and IgG antibody levels were assessed via chemiluminescence immunoassay in 338 COVID‐19 patients.ResultsIgM levels increased during the first week after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, peaked 2 weeks and then reduced to near‐background levels in most patients. IgG was detectable after 1 week and was maintained at a high level for a long period. The positive rates of IgM and/or IgG antibody detections were not significantly different among the mild, severe and critical disease groups. Severe and critical cases had higher IgM levels than mild cases, whereas the IgG level in critical cases was lower than those in both mild and severe cases. This might be because of the high disease activity and/or a compromised immune response in critical cases. The IgM antibody levels were slightly higher in deceased patients than recovered patients, but IgG levels in these groups did not significantly differ. A longitudinal detection of antibodies revealed that IgM levels decreased rapidly in recovered patients, whereas in deceased cases, either IgM levels remained high or both IgM and IgG were undetectable during the disease course.ConclusionQuantitative detection of IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 quantitatively has potential significance for evaluating the severity and prognosis of COVID‐19.
Utility of single‐item questions to assess physical inactivity in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Blomqvist Andreas , Bäck Maria , Klompstra Leonie , Strömberg Anna , Jaarsma Tiny 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to explore the utility of two single‐item self‐report (SR) questions to assess physical inactivity in patients with heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsThis is a cross‐sectional study using data from 106 patients with HF equipped with accelerometers for 1 week each. Two SR items relating to physical activity were also collected. Correlations between accelerometer activity counts and the SR items were analysed. Patients were classified as physically active or inactive on the basis of accelerometer counts, and the SR items were used to try to predict that classification. Finally, patients were classified as having high self‐reported physical activity or low self‐reported physical activity, on the basis of the SR items, and the resulting groups were analysed for differences in actual physical activity. There were significant but weak correlations between the SR items and accelerometer counts: ρ = 0.24, P = 0.016 for SR1 and ρ = 0.21, P = 0.033 for SR2. Using SR items to predict whether a patient was physically active or inactive produced an area under the curve of 0.62 for SR1, with a specificity of 92% and a sensitivity of 30%. When dividing patients into groups on the basis of SR1, there was a significant difference of 1583 steps per day, or 49% more steps in the high self‐reported physical activity group (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThere might be utility in the single SR question for high‐specificity screening of large populations to identify physically inactive patients in order to assign therapeutic interventions efficiently where resources are limited.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Hexafluoridomolybdates(V) A[MoF6] (A = Li – Cs)
Authors: Stene Riane E. , Scheibe Benjamin , Petry Winfried , Kraus Florian 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Florian Kraus from Philipps‐Universität Marburg, Germany. The cover image shows a typical fluorine chemist synthesizing lithium hexafluoridomolybdate(V), Li[MoF6].
Optimization of an IgG1 CIEF separation by using narrow‐range ampholytes and DMSO as protein solubilizer
Authors: Cruzado‐Park Ingrid D. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCIEF is a powerful separation tool utilized in the characterization and relative quantitation of therapeutic mAb charged isoforms. However, one CIEF method is not capable of separating all mAbs with high resolution and reproducibility. Optimization of sample composition and separation parameters is expected when developing a CIEF method for a specific mAb. This paper summarizes a root cause investigation into why a validated CIEF separation method for MAK33 (a type of IgG1) was no longer reproducible. In addition, this paper introduces the concept of sample focusing volume, which is defined as the actual capillary volume occupied by the sample after focusing and explains why there is less protein precipitation and aggregation when using narrow‐range ampholytes than broad‐range ampholytes. The use of DMSO as protein solubilizer and possible replacement of urea is also explored in this work. Finally, this paper demonstrates that a new optimized CIEF method can achieve over 100 reproducible high‐resolution separations of MAK33 per neutral‐coated capillary.