bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘They Take Our Houses’: Benefit Competition and the Erosion of Support for Immigrants' Social Rights
Authors: Hooijer Gerda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDoes benefit competition affect voters' support for immigrants' social rights? While scholars in political economy expect that benefit competition lowers support among the poor, the evidence is limited. This seems to be largely due to the reliance on highly aggregated analyses and the neglect of the institutional context in which individuals form their preferences. This article argues that lower-income voters are more likely to reduce their support due to competition when benefit eligibility depends on income. Using individual-level panel data from the Netherlands and a novel way to measure benefit competition, the study shows that lower-middle-income voters become less supportive of immigrants' social rights when more social housing in their municipality is allocated to refugees. By contrast, competition does not reduce support among the rich or the very poor. The findings suggest that benefit competition can erode support for immigrants' social rights and influence electoral politics.
The effects of temperature and salinity on the longevity of Opisthorchis viverrini cercariae: a climate change concern
Authors: Prasopdee S. , Kulsantiwong J. , Sathavornmanee T. , Thitapakorn V. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Research on the effects of environmental factors influenced by climate change on parasite transmissibility is an area garnering recent attention worldwide. However, there is still a lack of studies on the life cycle of Opisthorchis viverrini, a carcinogenic trematode found in countries of the Lower Mekong subregion of Lao PDR, Cambodia, Myanmar, Vietnam and Thailand. To evaluate the influences of environmental factors water temperature and salinity on the transmissibility of the liver fluke O. viverrini through cercarial stage, longevity of O. viverrini cercaria was examined at different experimental temperatures (22°C, 30°C and 38°C) and salinities (2.5 parts per thousand (PPT), 3.75 PPT and 5 PPT). The results reveal that different temperatures have statistically significant effects on cercarial longevity. The cercariae exhibited a thermostability zone ranging between 22°C and 30°C. Cercarial longevity was significantly shortened when water temperatures reached 38°C. Salinity also plays a key role in cercarial longevity, with cercarial survival significantly shorter at a salinity of 3.75 PPT than at 2.5 PPT and 5 PPT. A combined analysis of salinity and temperature revealed unique trends in cercarial longevity. At all experimental salinities, cercarial longevity was lowest when incubated in 38°C, but statistically significant from cercarial longevity at temperatures of 22°C and 30°C, and salinities of 2.5 PPT and 5 PPT. The results suggest that higher temperatures negatively impact parasite longevity. This reflects that O. viverrini transmission patterns may be impacted by changes in water temperature and salinity resulting from climate change.
Cortical thickness of the insula and prefrontal cortex relates to externalizing behavior: Cross-sectional and prospective findings
Authors: Tanzer Michal , Derome Mélodie , Morosan Larisa , Salaminios George , Debbané Martin 
Published: June 2020

AbstractExternalizing behaviors (EBs) pertain to a diverse set of aggressive, antisocial, and potentially destructive behaviors directed toward the external environment. They range from nonclinical to clinical in severity, associated with opposition, aggression, hyperactivity, or impulsivity, and are considered a risk factor for the emergence of psychopathology later in adulthood. Focusing on community adolescents (N = 102; 49 female and 53 male adolescents; age range 12–19 years), this study aimed to explore the relations between EBs and the cortical thickness of regions of interest as well as to identify possible risk markers that could improve understanding of the EB construct. Using a mixed cross-sectional and prospective design (1-year follow-up), we report specific associations with cortical thickness of the left insular, right orbitofrontal, and left anterior cingulate cortex. Specifically, thinner left insular and right orbitofrontal cortex was associated with higher EBs, and thinner left anterior cingulate cortex predicted less reduction in EBs 1 year later. In addition, further examination of the aggression and rule-breaking subscales of the Youth/Adult Self-Report, used to assess EBs, revealed specific associations with insular subregions. Findings suggest that cortical structure morphology may significantly relate to the expression and maintenance of EBs within the general population of adolescents.
Usefulness of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP) as a marker for cardiotoxicity and comparison with echocardiography in paediatric carbon monoxide poisoning
Authors: Turan Caner , Dogan Eser , Yurtseven Ali , Saz Eylem Ulas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectives:To demonstrate the usefulness of N-Terminal Pro-B-Type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as an early biomarker of carbon monoxide-induced myocardial injury in children. It also aimed to identify the correlation between NT-proBNP and left ventricular systolic dysfunction findings shown by echocardiography.Methods:Prospective, observational study conducted at a paediatric emergency department between October 2017 and April 2019 which involved children aged 0–17 years. The patients were divided into three groups based on severity; mild, moderate and severe groups. The patient characteristics, carboxyhaemoglobin, CK-MB Mass (CKMB-M), troponin-T, and NT-proBNP levels were measured, and echocardiography was performed and left ventricular ejection fraction was measured.Results:Sixty-nine patients and 60 healthy controls were included. Male gender, younger age, higher carboxyhaemoglobin levels, and altered mental status were found as independent predictors of carbon monoxide-induced myocardial injury. If the cut-off value for NT-proBNP level is >480 pg/ml, the sensitivity–specificity for decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, which is the strongest carbon monoxide-induced myocardial injury sign, were 100–96%, respectively. A high negative correlation was found between NT-proBNP levels and left ventricular ejection fraction (r = −0.769, p < 0.01) in the carbon monoxide poisoning group, and there was a positive correlation between the carboxyhaemoglobin and NT-proBNP levels (r = 0.583, p < 0.01).Conclusion:Echocardiography is an ideal tool and very sensitive, but its routine use is limited due to its non-availability. An increased level of NT-proBNP (>480pg/ml) may be useful as an ideal biomarker for early detection of carbon monoxide-induced myocardial injury sign and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction which is the most crucial point in making a decision on hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
Insights Into the Origins and Compositions of Mantle Plumes: A Comparison of Galápagos and Hawai'i
Authors: Harpp Karen S. , Weis Dominique 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Galápagos and Hawai'i archipelagos are formed by mantle plumes originating at the large low shear velocity province (LLSVP) boundary. We report new high‐precision Pb, Sr, Nd, and Hf isotopic analyses on 83 Galápagos samples and compare them with those of Hawai'i. The data confirm that like Hawai'i, Galápagos is a bilaterally asymmetric plume whose compositional boundary trends NW‐SE. On their northeast sides, the plumes share a common source, Pacific lower mantle, whose intermediate isotopic signature may be common to many plumes. The Hawaiian and Galápagos plumes' southwestern sides are anchored in the Pacific LLSVP and are compositionally distinct; in Hawai'i, Loa trend lavas reflect contributions from the EM1 mantle end‐member, whereas in Galápagos, HIMU is dominant, suggesting that the Pacific LLSVP is compositionally heterogeneous and includes different types of recycled material. Furthermore, the surficial expression of a bilaterally asymmetric plume is strongly influenced by its tectonic setting: (a) Thick Hawaiian lithosphere supports a volcano evolution process, including rejuvenated volcanism, whereas the thin Galápagos lithosphere inhibits Hawai'i‐style rejuvenated‐stage eruptive activity, instead causing extended, widespread volcanism; (b) the proximity of the Galápagos to a mid‐ocean ridge causes entrainment of the depleted upper mantle, overwhelming depleted material intrinsic to the plume and affecting volcanoes' magmatic architecture; and (c) the geometric relationship between the LLSVP boundary and plate motion influences geochemical patterns at the surface. Thus, despite striking differences in surficial expression of the Galápagos and Hawai'i plumes, they share a common generation mechanism, supplied by the Pacific LLSVP and the lower mantle.
Modeling the Dynamics of Small‐Scale River and Creek Plumes in Tidal Waters
Authors: Basdurak N. B. , Largier J. L. , Nidzieko N. J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe fate of discharges from small rivers and mountainous streams are little studied relative to the dynamics of large river plumes. Flows from small watersheds are episodic, forming transient low‐salinity surface plumes that vary tidally due to interaction of outflow inertia with buoyancy and ambient tidal currents. An implementation of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS v3.0), a three‐dimensional, free‐surface, terrain‐following numerical model, is applied to small river outflows (≤10 m3 s−1) entering a tidal ocean, where they form small plumes of scale ~103 m or smaller. Analysis of the momentum balance points to three distinct zones: (i) an inertia‐driven near field, where advection, pressure gradient, and vertical stress divergence control the plume dynamics, (ii) a buoyancy‐driven midfield, where pressure gradient, lateral stress divergence, and rotational accelerations are dominant, and (iii) an advective far field, where local accelerations induced by ambient tidal currents determine the fate of the river/estuarine discharge. The response of these small tidal plumes to different buoyancy forcing and outflow rate is explored. With increasing buoyancy, plumes change from narrow/elongated, bottom‐attached flows to radially expanding, surface‐layer flows. Weak outflow promotes stratification within the plume layer, and with stronger outflow, the plume layer becomes thinner and well‐mixed. When compared with prototypical large‐river plumes in which Coriolis effects are important, (i) in these small plumes, there is no bulge and no coastal buoyancy current, that is, shore contact is mostly absent, and (ii) the plume is strongly influenced by ambient tidal currents, forming a tidal plume that is deflected upcoast/downcoast from the river mouth.
Quaternary Volcanism in Myanmar: A Record of Indian Slab Tearing in a Transition Zone From Oceanic to Continental Subduction
Authors: Zhang L. Y. , Fan W. M. , Ding L. , Ducea M. N. , Pullen A. , Li J. X. , Sun Y. L. , Yue Y. H. , Cai F. L. , Wang C. , Peng T. P. , Sein Kyaing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMagmatic processes that occur during the transition from oceanic to continental subduction and collision in orogens are critical and still poorly resolved. Oceanic slab detachment in particular is hypothesized to mark a fundamental change in magmatism and deformation within an orogen. Here, we report on two Quaternary volcanic centers of Myanmar that may help us better understand the process of slab detachment. The Monywa volcanic rocks are composed of low‐K tholeiitic, medium‐K calk‐alkaline, and high‐K to shoshonitic basalts with arc signatures, while the Singu volcanic rocks show geochemical characteristics similar to asthenosphere‐derived magmas. These volcanic rocks have low Os concentrations but extremely high 187Os/186Osi ratios (0.1498 to 0.3824) due to minor (<4%) crustal contamination. The Monywa arc‐like rocks were generated by small degrees of partial melting of subduction‐modified asthenospheric mantle at variable depths from the spinel to garnet stability fields. Distinct from the Monywa arc‐like rocks (87Sr/86Sri = 0.7043 to 0.7047; εNdi = +2.3 to +4.7), the Singu OIB‐like rocks exhibit higher 87Sr/86Sri (0.7056 to 0.7064) and lower εNdi (+0.8 to +1.6) values. These isotopic characteristics indicate a large contribution of an isotopically enriched asthenosphere layer beneath the Burmese microplate, which possibly flowed from SE Tibet. We interpret that this short‐lived, small‐scale, and low‐degree melting Quaternary volcanism in Myanmar was triggered by its position above a slab window resulting from the tearing of the oceanic lithosphere from buoyant continental lithosphere of the Indian plate.
Tungsten Isotope Composition of Archean Crustal Reservoirs and Implications for Terrestrial μ182W Evolution
Authors: Reimink Jesse R. , Mundl‐Petermeier Andrea , Carlson Richard W. , Shirey Steven B. , Walker Richard J. , Pearson D. Graham 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe evolution of Earth's major geochemical reservoirs over ~4.5 × 109 years remains a matter of intense study. Geochemical tools in the form of short‐lived radionuclide isotope ratios (142Nd/144Nd and 182W/184W) have expanded our understanding of the geochemical variability in both the modern and ancient Earth. Here, we present 142Nd/144Nd and 182W/184W data from a suite of rocks from the Slave craton that formed over a 1.1 × 109 year time span in the Archean. The rocks have consistently high 182W/184W, yet 142Nd/144Nd that is lower than bulk mantle and increased over time. The declining variability in 142Nd/144Nd with time likely reflects the homogenization of compositional heterogeneities in the silicate Earth that were initially created by differentiation events that occurred prior to 4.2 Ga. The elevated 182W/184W recorded in the Slave samples help refine models for the broader W‐isotope evolution of the silicate Earth. Globally, the Archean mantle that formed continental crust was dominated by 182W/184W elevated by some 10–15 ppm compared to the value for the modern upper mantle. The Slave craton lacks significant volumes of komatiite yet has elevated 182W/184W until 2.9 Ga. This observation, combined with the presence of other komatiite suites that have low 182W/184W, suggests that deep‐seated sources contributed low 182W/184W in the Archean Earth. The regional variability in 182W/184W may be explained by invoking chemical and/or isotopic exchange between a well‐mixed silicate Earth and the core or a portion of the lower mantle whose W‐isotope composition has been influenced by interaction with the core.
Impact of Shoaling Ocean Surface Waves on Wind Stress and Drag Coefficient in Coastal Waters: 2. Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Chen Xuanyu , Ginis Isaac , Hara Tetsu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the impacts of shoaling waves on the wind stress and drag coefficient (Cd) in coastal waters during tropical cyclone (TC) landfall. Numerical experiments are conducted using idealized TCs with two intensities, Category 1 and 5, and two translation speeds, 5 and 10 m/s, propagating toward and normal to the shoreline over two bottom slopes, 1:200 and 1:2000. The wave spectra are simulated using the WAVEWATCH III wave model. The unresolved high‐frequency spectral tail is parameterized as a function of wind speed, and the full wave spectrum is used to calculate the wind stress and drag coefficient. Our results show that the sea state dependence of wind stress magnitude (or Cd) is significantly increased in shallow water at a given wind speed. Compared to its deep‐water value, Cd is enhanced in the right (due to shoaling fetch‐dependent waves) and in the left (due to shoaling opposing‐wind swells) TC quadrants. However, Cd is reduced in the front/rear quadrants due to weaker wind seas. The misalignment between the wind stress and wind speed directions is enhanced in shallow water. In general, the shoaling wave effects on the wind stress and Cd are much stronger on steeper bottom slopes and in faster moving storms.
Radiotherapy targeting cancer stem cells “awakens” them to induce tumour relapse and metastasis in oral cancer
Authors: Liu Yangfan , Yang Miao , Luo Jingjing , Zhou Hongmei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRadiotherapy is one of the most common treatments for oral cancer. However, in the clinic, recurrence and metastasis of oral cancer occur after radiotherapy, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), considered the “seeds” of cancer, have been confirmed to be in a quiescent state in most established tumours, with their innate radioresistance helping them survive more easily when exposed to radiation than differentiated cancer cells. There is increasing evidence that CSCs play an important role in recurrence and metastasis post-radiotherapy in many cancers. However, little is known about how oral CSCs cause tumour recurrence and metastasis post-radiotherapy. In this review article, we will first summarise methods for the identification of oral CSCs and then focus on the characteristics of a CSC subpopulation induced by radiation, hereafter referred to as “awakened” CSCs, to highlight their response to radiotherapy and potential role in tumour recurrence and metastasis post-radiotherapy as well as potential therapeutics targeting CSCs. In addition, we explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting these “awakened” CSCs to solve the serious clinical challenges of recurrence and metastasis in oral cancer after radiotherapy.
Elevated FMR1-mRNA and lowered FMRP – A double-hit mechanism for psychiatric features in men with FMR1 premutations
Authors: Schneider Andrea , Winarni Tri Indah , Cabal-Herrera Ana María , Bacalman Susan , Gane Louise , Hagerman Paul , Tassone Flora , Hagerman Randi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by a full mutation of the FMR1 gene (>200 CGG repeats and subsequent methylation), such that there is little or no FMR1 protein (FMRP) produced, leading to intellectual disability (ID). Individuals with the premutation allele (55–200 CGG repeats, generally unmethylated) have elevated FMR1 mRNA levels, a consequence of enhanced transcription, resulting in neuronal toxicity and a spectrum of premutation-associated disorders, including the neurodegenerative disorder fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Here we described 14 patients who had both lowered FMRP and elevated FMR1 mRNA levels, representing dual mechanisms of clinical involvement, which may combine features of both FXS and FXTAS. In addition, the majority of these cases show psychiatric symptoms, including bipolar disorder, and/or psychotic features, which are rarely seen in those with just FXS.
Optimization of adeno-associated viral vector-mediated transduction of the corticospinal tract: comparison of four promoters
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Bart , Haenzi Barbara , Hilton Sam , Carnicer-Lombarte Alejandro , Hobo Barbara , Verhaagen Joost , Fawcett James W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdeno-associated viral vectors are widely used as vehicles for gene transfer to the nervous system. The promoter and viral vector serotype are two key factors that determine the expression dynamics of the transgene. A previous comparative study has demonstrated that AAV1 displays efficient transduction of layer V corticospinal neurons, but the optimal promoter for transgene expression in corticospinal neurons has not been determined yet. In this paper, we report a side-by-side comparison between four commonly used promoters: the short CMV early enhancer/chicken β actin (sCAG), human cytomegalovirus (hCMV), mouse phosphoglycerate kinase (mPGK) and human synapsin (hSYN) promoter. Reporter constructs with each of these promoters were packaged in AAV1, and were injected in the sensorimotor cortex of rats and mice in order to transduce the corticospinal tract. Transgene expression levels and the cellular transduction profile were examined after 6 weeks. The AAV1 vectors harbouring the hCMV and sCAG promoters resulted in transgene expression in neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The mPGK and hSYN promoters directed the strongest transgene expression. The mPGK promoter did drive expression in cortical neurons and oligodendrocytes, while transduction with AAV harbouring the hSYN promoter resulted in neuron-specific expression, including perineuronal net expressing interneurons and layer V corticospinal neurons. This promoter comparison study contributes to improve transgene delivery into the brain and spinal cord. The optimized transduction of the corticospinal tract will be beneficial for spinal cord injury research.
Fasting mimicking diet as an adjunct to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in the multicentre randomized phase 2 DIRECT trial
Authors: de Groot Stefanie , Lugtenberg Rieneke T. , Cohen Danielle , Welters Marij J. P. , Ehsan Ilina , Vreeswijk Maaike P. G. , Smit Vincent T. H. B. M. , de Graaf Hiltje , Heijns Joan B. , Portielje Johanneke E. A. , van de Wouw Agnes J. , Imholz Alex L. T. , Kessels Lonneke W. , Vrijaldenhoven Suzan , Baars Arnold , Kranenbarg Elma Meershoek-Klein , Carpentier Marjolijn Duijm-de , Putter Hein , van der Hoeven Jacobus J. M. , Nortier Johan W. R. , Longo Valter D. , Pijl Hanno , Kroep Judith R. ,   Dutch Breast Cancer Research Group (BOOG), de Graaf Hiltje , Heijns Joan B. , Portielje Johanneke E. A. , van de Wouw Agnes J. , Imholz Alex L. T. , Kessels Lonneke W. , Vrijaldenhoven Suzan , Baars Arnold , Göker Emine , Pas Anke J. M. , Honkoop Aafke H. , van Leeuwen-Stok A. Elise , Kroep Judith R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractShort-term fasting protects tumor-bearing mice against the toxic effects of chemotherapy while enhancing therapeutic efficacy. We randomized 131 patients with HER2-negative stage II/III breast cancer, without diabetes and a BMI over 18 kg m−2, to receive either a fasting mimicking diet (FMD) or their regular diet for 3 days prior to and during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Here we show that there was no difference in toxicity between both groups, despite the fact that dexamethasone was omitted in the FMD group. A radiologically complete or partial response occurs more often in patients using the FMD (OR 3.168, P = 0.039). Moreover, per-protocol analysis reveals that the Miller&Payne 4/5 pathological response, indicating 90–100% tumor-cell loss, is more likely to occur in patients using the FMD (OR 4.109, P = 0.016). Also, the FMD significantly curtails chemotherapy-induced DNA damage in T-lymphocytes. These positive findings encourage further exploration of the benefits of fasting/FMD in cancer therapy. Trial number: NCT02126449.
Efficient self-assembly of heterometallic triangular necklace with strong antibacterial activity
Authors: Wu Gui-Yuan , Shi Xueliang , Phan Hoa , Qu Hang , Hu Yi-Xiong , Yin Guang-Qiang , Zhao Xiao-Li , Li Xiaopeng , Xu Lin , Yu Qilin , Yang Hai-Bo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSophisticated mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) with interesting structures, properties and applications have attracted great interest in the field of supramolecular chemistry. We herein report a highly efficient self-assembly of heterometallic triangular necklace 1 containing Cu and Pt metals with strong antibacterial activity. Single-crystal X-ray analysis shows that the finely arranged triangular necklace 1 has two racemic enantiomers in its solid state with intriguing packing motif. The superior antibacterial activity of necklace 1 against both standard and clinically drug-resistant pathogens implies that the presence of Cu(I) center and platinum(II) significantly enhance the bacterium-binding/damaging activity, which is mainly attributed to the highly positively charged nature, the possible synergistic effect of heterometals in the necklace, and the improved stability in culture media. This work clearly discloses the structure-property relationships that the existence of two different metal centers not only facilitates successful construction of heterometallic triangular necklace but also endows it with superior nuclease properties and antibacterial activities.