bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lepra reactions in new leprosy cases at diagnosis: a study of 50 Pakistani patients
Authors: Rabia Ghafoor  , Muhammad Irfan Anwar  , Mutaher Zia  , Admin  
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective: To determine the occurrence and characteristics of the two types of lepra reactions, in new leprosy cases at initial diagnosis, in a Pakistani population.
Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was done at MALC Karachi .All new leprosy cases who were registered at MALC during a two-and-a-half year period were enrolled. Their medical records were checked and selected all cases who had presented with a lepra reaction, at initial diagnosis. A total of 50 such cases were identified. Data was then collected from their medical histories, physical examination records and laboratory investigation reports.
Results: Out of the total 50 cases in this study, 2 (4%) were children and 48 (96%) were adults. Male-female ratio was 4.6:1. 30 (60%) cases presented with a type 1 reaction and 20 (40%) with type 2. 30 (60%) cases were classified as borderline lepromatous (BL). Among these 17 (57%) had a type 2 reaction. Inflamed plaques were the main feature, in 27 (90%) cases of type 1. Crops of painful, erythematous nodules were seen in 19/20; 95% cases of type 2. Ulnar nerves were the most commonly enlarged nerves, in those with type 1 (73%) and common peroneal in type 2 (65%).
Conclusion: Lepra reactions can be a presenting feature in a significant number of new leprosy cases, at initial diagnosis. Early recognition and management of these reactions can help prevent disease transmission, lifelong deformities and disabilities.
Keywords: Leprosy, Lepra reactions, type 1 (reversal) reaction, type 2 erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) reaction.
HEMOGLOBIN THIOLS: BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND REGULATION
Authors: Kosmachevskaya Olga Vladimirovna , Nasybullina Elvira Ilgizovna , Novikova Natalya Nikolaevna , Shumaev Konstantin Borisovich , Topunov Alexey Fedorovich 
Published: November 2020

Human hemoglobin has two reactive cysteines (Cys-93β) located on the surface of the molecule. Inclusion of
these thiols in the composition of dinitrosyl iron complexe is one way of regulating their reactivity. The thiols
bound into complexes exhibit enhanced reactivity with electrophiles and are protected from oxidation by
tert-butyl hydroperoxide.
OXIDATIVE DAMAGE TO DNA, IONIZING RADIATION AND MAGNETIC FIELDS
Authors: Tekutskaya E. E. , Raybova I. S. 
Published: November 2020

In this work, we studied the mechanisms of damage to the structure of DNA extracted from human
whole blood after exposure to blood samples of various types of ionizing radiation and a lowfrequency magnetic field. Oxidative damage of nitrogenous bases and single-stranded DNA breaks are caused by the formation of reactive oxygen species generated by radiation.
ADOPTION OF SUPPLY CHAIN DRIVERS ON SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE OF CONSTITUENCY DEVELOPMENT FUNDED PROJECTS IN THE COUNTY GOVERNMENT OF BUNGOMA
Authors: Hussein Wamalwa Moses , Musau Enock Gideon 
Published: November 2020

Purpose: The focus of the study was to analyze the influence of supply chain drivers on performance of National Government Constituency Development funded projects in Bungoma County.
Methodology: Based on pragmatic worldview the study employed descriptive research design. The target population of the study consisted of five prequalified accredited service providers’ contractors in Bungoma County with a total composition of 293 staff from which a sample size of 169 was drawn from the entire population.The data collection tool was the questionnaire which was subjected to pre testing through piloting before actual data collection. The data was analyzed descriptively and inferentially with the aid of SPSS tool and presented by use of tables. Correlation analysis was performed to establish the relationship between variables and multiple regressions to determine the cause effect of the variables.
Findings: Result of multiple regressions revealed that supply chain drivers jointly and independently influence performance of NGCDF funded projects in Bungoma County, Kenya. The study findings showed that all study variables (ICT β=0.136, p<0.05, material management β=0.140, p<0.05, supplier selection β=0.317, p<0.05 and contract β=0.280, p<0.05 were significant to performance of NGCDF funded projects in Bungoma county. Therefore the study concluded that supply chain practices of ICT, material flow, supplier selection and contractual capacity affects the performance of funded projects.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that the county government management in Kenya need to invest in constant training of their employees on effective supply chain practices to enhance their performance and appropriate measures put in place that ensure that potential risks regarding contract management and detected in advance and mitigated to enhance operational performance
DOES CORRUPTION AFFECT POVERTY IN INDONESIA?
Authors: Azwar Azwar Azwar , Saragih Rahmaluddin 
Published: November 2020

Corruption is likely to increase poverty because it reduces the potential income earning of the poor. Therefore, eradicating corruption is a crucial issue in the poverty reduction process. This study is set out to investigate and analyze the short and long-run relationship between corruption and poverty. It uses secondary data from World Bank and Transparency International then Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and dynamic Error Correction Model (ECM), focuses on capability poverty using headcount poverty index during year 1995-2017. The results of study indicated that corruption have positive significant effect on the level of poverty ratio in 1% significance level In the long run. This implies that in the long run, there is relationship between corruption and poverty. In the long run, the coefficient of corruption effect implies that 1% increase in corruption would increase the poverty ratio by 1.36%. The negative implication of corruption on the life of the citizens is a major disaster in the economy and harmful to the growth and development of the citizens in particular and the economy in general. The simple pearson correlation findings also show that corruption has significant distributional consequences by affecting growth and government expenditures. High and rising corruption increases poverty by reducing the level and effectiveness of groth and social spending (education and health). For effective sustainable and management of this disaster, government should embark on policies that will reduce the level of corruption significantly so as to have positive influence on the standard of living of the citizens in terms of quality and efficient education, sound management of our natural resources, provision of good health facilities and other infrastructures that will transcend to the growth of the economy.
PENGARUH NILAI ASET TETAP DAN BELANJA MODAL DALAM ALOKASI BELANJA PEMELIHARAAN BADAN PENDIDIKAN DAN PELATIHAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Nugroho Rahadi 
Published: November 2020

Abstrak
Nilai barang milik negara pemerintah pusat yang besar membutuhkan belanja pemeliharaan yang tidak sedikit agar dapat dipelihara dengan baik untuk penggunaan yang optimal. Beberapa penelitian menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi alokasi belanja pemeliharaan instansi pemerintah. Faktor-faktor yang dipertimbangkan antara lain nilai aset tetap dan belanja barang modal. Penelitian ini menganalisis apakah kedua faktor tersebut dipertimbangkan dalam alokasi belanja pemeliharaan di instansi pemerintah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai aset tetap dipertimbangkan dalam pengalokasian belanja pemeliharaan sedangkan belanja barang modal tidak.
Key word: alokasi belanja, pemeliharaan, nilai aset, belanja modal.

Abstract
Republic of Indonesia has a large number of asset which must be preserved to maximize utilization. Researchers analyze how maintenance’s budget is allocated by exploring variables that might be considered such as total asset value before budget allocation. This study examined did last year asset balance and capital expenditure considered in allocating budget for asset’s preservation. The result show that capital expenditure did not deliberate in maintenance’s budget and on the other hand, value of total asset did.
Key words: budgeting, preservation, capital expenditure, asset, government
IT INVENTORY KAWASAN BERIKAT, SEBUAH KEBUTUHAN ATAU SEBUAH FORMALITAS ?
Authors: Sukmono Renny 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAK
Kepemilikan dan pengelolaan IT Inventory merupakan prasyarat wajib bagi perusahaan untuk mendapatkan izin sebagai perusahaan kawasan berikat. Banyak perusahaan kawasan berikat di wilayah Bandung yang mendapatkan manfaat setelah menjadi perusahaan kawasan berikat diantaranya yaitu penangguhan bea masuk dan pajak. Namun, ternyata perusahaan telah memiliki IT Inventory, tetapi pengelolaannya belum menjadi prioritas perusahaan. Seyogyanya perusahaan yang telah lama berkecimpung memiliki pengelolaan yang lebih baik. Berdasarkan analisis diketahui bahwa tidak ada keterkaitan antara lama berkecimpung sebagai perusahaan kawasan berikat dengan bisa tidaknya aplikasi diakses. Pengelolaan aplikasi ini dilihat hanya melalui tiga sudut pandang yaitu bisa tidaknya diakses, lama waktu log in dan lengkap atau tidaknya laporan yang dihasilkan. Hanya 52,46% perusahaan kawasan berikat di Bandung yang aplikasinya bisa diakses oleh DJBC. Dari perusahaan yang bisa diakses didapatkan kesimpulan yaitu waktu log in ke aplikasi tidak berbeda dari 10 detik. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi IT Inventory memiliki rating rata-rata. Namun, hal ini harus tetap menjadi komitmen kuat DJBC dengan perusahaan agar memperbaiki kualitas aplikasi, mengingat waktu ideal untuk menunggu log in adalah kurang dari 10 detik. Hanya perusahaan yang telah berkecimpung lebih dari 15 tahun sebagai kawasan berikat yang mampu mencapai rating good (kurang dari 10 detik).

ABSTRACT

IT Inventory ownership and management is a mandatory prerequisite for a company to obtain license as bonded zones. There are many companies in Bandung region which get the benefits after becoming bonded zones including suspension of import duties and taxes. It might be a fact if a company that has been in this industry for a long time should have better management. Based on the analysis, it is known that there is no relevance between the length of service a company as a bonded zones and whether or not the application can be accessed. This application management can only be observed from three point of views, namely whether or not it can be accessed, the length of time for log in and whether or not the report produced is complete. There is only 52,46% of bonded zone companies in Bandung which the applications can be accessed by The Directorate General of Customs and Excise. Through those companies, it can be concluded that the length of time for log in into the application needs at least 10 seconds. This shows that IT inventory application has average rating. However, this must remain a strong commitment of DJBC along with the companies to improve the quality of applications, considering the ideal time to wait to log in is less than 10 seconds. Only companies that have been more than 15 years as bonded zones are able to achieve good rating (less than 10 seconds).
Gosto, importância e participação: a relação dos estudantes do ensino médio com a Educação Física
Authors: So Marcos Roberto , Santos Rodrigues Gilson , Prodócimo Elaine , Zuardi Ushinohama Tatiana , Betti Mauro 
Published: November 2020

O objetivo do estudo foi compreender como estudantes de Ensino Médio se relacionam com os saberes da Educação Física (EF). Indagou-se, via questionário estruturado, 182 discentes do Ensino Médio de 8 escolas estaduais de São Paulo sobre suas relações de gosto, importância e participação com a EF. Os resultados indicam que: (i) a EF representa a disciplina que mais gostam; (ii) mas possui importância intermediária; (iii) a disciplina mobiliza participação mediana; (iv) o gosto, a importância e a participação pela EF diminuem ao longo dos anos escolares do Ensino Médio; (v) a participação discente está mais atrelada ao gosto do que à importância. Por fim, esperamos que, ao ouvir os estudantes, estes resultados retornem aos docentes sugerindo novas dinâmicas e diretrizes em direção à melhoria das aulas de EF.
A presença das práticas corporais de aventura em escolas públicas da região metropolitana de Goiânia: um estudo exploratório
Authors: Inácio Humberto Luís de Deus , Sousa Caroline Castro , Machado Lídia Ferreira 
Published: November 2020

Práticas corporais de aventura (PCAs) constituem-se um conjunto de atividades que passou a ser objeto da Educação Física escolar desde a publicação da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (2018); este estudo buscou diagnosticar se professores da região metropolitana de Goiânia trabalham ou não com este conteúdo em suas aulas. A pesquisa se caracterizou como um estudo quali-quantitativo, coletando dados com um questionário de questões objetivas e descritivas. Foram entrevistados 59 professores. Os resultados indicam que as PCAs são pouco trabalhadas no ambiente escolar; que a maioria dos professores não teve acesso a esse conteúdo em sua formação e as principais causas de não ser ministrado nas aulas são a falta de estrutura e equipamentos e o desconhecimento das PCAs
Aridity synthesis for eight selected key regions of the global climate system during the last 60 000 years
Authors: Fuhrmann Florian , Diensberg Benedikt , Gong Xun , Lohmann Gerrit , Sirocko Frank 
Published: November 2020

Abstract. A compilation of the published literature on dust content in
terrestrial and marine sediment cores was synchronized with pollen data and
speleothem growth phases on the Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) time axis. Aridity patterns for eight
key areas of the global climate system have been reconstructed for the last
60 000 years. These records have different time resolutions and different
dating methods, i.e. different types of stratigraphy. Nevertheless, all
regions analysed in this study show humid conditions during early Marine
Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3) and the early Holocene or deglaciation, but not
always at the same time. Such discrepancies have been interpreted as
regional effects, although stratigraphic uncertainties may affect some of
the proposed interpretations. In comparison, most of the MIS2 interval
becomes arid in all of the Northern Hemisphere records, but the peak arid
conditions of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Heinrich event 1 differ in
duration and intensity among regions. In addition, we also compare the
aridity synthesis with modelling results using a global climate model (GCM).
Indeed, geological archives and GCMs show agreement on the aridity pattern for
the Holocene or deglaciation, for the LGM and for late MIS3.
Katherine Mansfield in Colonial Seoul: Korean Modernism, Translation, Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Walsh Kelly S. , Choi Yoon-young 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Korean modernism has often been termed derivative, its works considered belated attempts at mimicking Western models. It is undeniable that many writers sought out Western influences, both as a means to gain access to world literature and resist Japanese cultural imperialism; our investigation into the reception and translation of Katherine Mansfield in colonial Korea, though, offers a specific example of how cross-cultural flows and intertextuality energized modernist literature there, enabling stylistic and linguistic innovation. At the same time, while some Korean critics have dismissed modernists, like Mansfield's translators Pak T'aewŏn and Yi Hyosŏk, for their apparent retreat into aestheticism during the colonial period, we contend that the translations and literary reinventions of Mansfield meaningfully, if circumspectly, address the oppressiveness and injustice of colonial modernity, whether in the guise of gender inequality or the search for moments of haengbok (bliss). What these examples reveal is an important transnational affinity, a deep concern with the limitations imposed on life and literature and an awareness of the necessity and difficulty of overcoming them. Ultimately, it is the attunement to Mansfield's irony that gives these texts their critical force.
Against the City: A Comparative Study of Charles Dickens's The Old Curiosity Shop and 老舍«二馬» (Lao She's Mr Ma and Son)
Authors: Lee Klaudia 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This article adopts a comparative approach to examine the ways in which both novels explore the theme of alienation in relation to questions of gender and race through the spatial strategies of the novels; of particular importance in my investigation is the act of walking in the city, and the forms of escape that two leading characters in the novels—Nell and Mr Ma—adopt in order to react against the social reality of the metropolis of London. My focus of inquiry, while choosing two works that are not often put together for analysis, also departs from previous studies that often focus on the two writers' use of humor and characterization, elements of which Lao She had acknowledged the inspiration that he drew from Charles Dickens's novels. I argue in this article that it is the spatial articulation of the two novels, and the characters' response to the various prejudices of their time and the constraints that they face as de facto “outsider” to the city that constitute the major connection between the two writers, both of whom drew inspiration from the city for their artistic composition and social critique.
Increasing Biofuel Proliferation via the Optimal Use of Government Incentives
Authors: Denizel Meltem , Suzuki Yoshinori , Anderson Christopher 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWith the increasing public awareness on global warming, the demand for low greenhouse gas emission (GHG) transportation fuel, such as biofuel, is growing rapidly. In the United States, like many other countries, the government is providing monetary incentives for biofuel displacement of fossil fuel. From the standpoint of biofuel proliferation, it is important that biofuel producers utilize these incentives in the most effective way, because better utilizations of incentives will lead to reduced costs for producers, which in turn will lower biofuel retail prices. Currently, however, biofuel producers are not taking full advantage of these incentives. This industry note introduces a new approach that allows US biofuel producers to improve their practice of using an incentive program called the LCFS (California Low Carbon Fuel Standard). Our method, which is relatively simple, is based on a recent research project conducted with a biofuel manufacturing firm, which aimed to maximize the benefit gained from the LCFS incentive program. We show, by performing numerical experiments with realistic settings, that the method matches or outperforms the current practice in terms of maximizing gains extracted from the incentive program, under all conditions.
Online Information and Mentorship: Perspectives From Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Applicants
Authors: Yong Taylor M. , Austin Daniel C. , Molloy Ilda B. , Torchia Michael T. , Coe Marcus P. 
Published: November 2020

Introduction:
Applying to orthopaedic surgery residency is competitive. Online information and mentorship are important tools applicants use to learn about programs and navigate the process. We aimed to identify which resources applicants use and their perspectives on those resources.

Methods:
We surveyed all applicants at a single residency program for the 2018 to 2019 application cycle (n = 610) regarding the importance of online resources and mentors during the application process. We defined mentorship as advice from faculty advisors or counselors, orthopaedic residents, medical school alumni, or other medical students. We also assessed their attitudes about the quality and availability of these resources. Applicants were asked to rank resources and complete Likert scales (1 to 5) to indicate the relative utility and quality of options. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data for comparisons.

Results:
The response rate was 42% (259 of 610 applicants). Almost 50% of applicants reported that they would have likely applied to fewer programs if they had better information. Applicants used program websites with the highest cumulative frequency (96%), followed by advice from medical school faculty/counselors and advice from orthopaedic residents at home institution (both 82%). The next two most popular online resources were a circulating Google Document (78%) and the Doximity Residency Navigator (73%). On average, the quality of online resources was felt to be poorer than mentorship with advice from orthopaedic residents receiving the highest quality rating (4.16) and being ranked most frequently as a top three resource (122 votes). Mentorship comprised three of the top five highest mean quality ratings and three of the top five cumulative rankings by usefulness.

Conclusion:
Applicants reference online resources frequently, despite valuing mentorship more. If the orthopaedic community fostered better mentorship for applicants, they may not feel compelled to rely on subpar online information. Both online information and mentorship can be improved to create a more effective application experience.
Hoe kan sport bijdragen aan het re-integreren van delinquenten?
Authors: Kleijer-Kool Lianne , Bosker Jacqueline , Zuurbier Moniek 
Published: November 2020

How can sport contribute to reintegrating offenders?
The contribution of sport to reintegrating offenders receives limited attention, both in science and in the practice of probation and the prison system. From the perspective of desistance, this literature study concluded that sport can contribute to the development of individual capital, social capital and an alternative identity. However, the effect of sport is not necessarily positive. There are risks of negative influence or the reinforcement of problem behaviour. In counselling offenders, sport should be combined with other interventions to reduce recidivism. A personalized approach is required, based on the risk-need-responsivity model.
Spenner i en overgangstid. Sene småspenner i den turbulente overgangen mellom eldre og yngre jernalder
Authors: Kristoffersen Elna Siv , Røstad Ingunn Marit 
Published: November 2020

To understand the transition between the Early and the Late Scandinavian Iron Age, and the turbulent time around the year 536, we are dependent on our ability to recognize the changes in the artefacts. A chronology with well-defined criteria concerning the latest phase of the Migration Period as well as the beginning of the Merovingian Period is, therefore, required. The small square-headed brooches with spade-shaped feet is one of the types replacing cruciform brooches in the late Migration Period. Our paper discusses their typology and chronology in relation to other late types of brooches and pots as well as early Merovingian types of jewellery, aiming at a more easily accessible synthesis of a complex chronological discussion. Finally, we comment on the definition and relationship of the chronological phases on both sides of the period transition, touching upon the implications for the social changes and the bearers of the brooches.
Traditional Chinese Medicine in Geriatrics, Evidences, and the Guideline
Authors: Iwasaski Koh 
Published: November 2020

The average life span of Japanese is 90 years. So that Japan is an unprecedented super-aging society. However, healthy life span is 10 years shorter than life span. Many spend an average of 10 years in frailty. People become frail, and reached to “geriatric syndrome.”