bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Invasive pneumococcal disease in Latvia seven years after PCV10 introduction
Authors: Savrasova L , Zeltina I , Villerusha A , Balasegaram S 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
In 2009 in Latvia, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) became notifiable for physicians and in 2010 vaccination of infants with PCV7 commenced. In 2012 PCV10 vaccination was introduced. The objectives of our study were to evaluate trend of incidence and trend serotype distribution of IPD in Latvia and to investigate factors associated with death from IPD.

Methods
Laboratory confirmed IPD cases are passively notified to the Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia by laboratories and clinicians. We calculated incidence by age, sex, case fatality and trend in serotypes.

Results
From 2012 to 2018, 466 cases of IPD were reported, mean annual incidence 3.4/100,000. The notified incidence remained stable from 2012-2014 (2.7), peaked in 2015 (4.4) and fell to 3.9 in 2018. The highest mean annual IPD incidence was in infants (4.8) and in elderly (6). The highest mean annual incidence was reported in males (4.5) in comparison to females (2.4) (IR-1.8 95%CI 1.6-2.4). Case fatality was 19% (87/466) and 23% (37/162) in cases aged &gt; =65 years. 90% (421/466) of isolates were serotyped. The proportion of PCV10 vaccine serotypes fell from 50% (20/40) in 2012 to 19% (14/74) in 2018 (chi2 test for trend =0.000). Since year 2017, PPV23nonPCV13 and Non-vaccine serotypes become more common. We detected PCV13 serotype (RR 2.04 95%CI 1.37-3.02), S.pneumoniae serotype 3 (RR 1. 91 95% CI 1.25-2.93) significantly associated with IPD death.

Conclusions
Surveillance data indicate evidence of serotype replacement. Surveillance evaluation should asses the representativeness of notification. Furthermore S. pneumoniae carriage study may be useful to characterise serotype circulation. Serotype 3 and age demonstrate independent and significant association with fatal IPD outcome.

Key messages
IPD surveillance data analysis indicated evidence of serotype replacement with PPV23nonPCV13, NonVaccine serotypes. Serotype 19A becomes more common with significant increasing trend. Serotype 3 and age independently and significantly associated with fatal IPD outcome. S.pneumoniae carriage study would be very useful providing more evidence of characterizing serotypes circulation.
How to build and share an experiential knowledge in public health?
Authors: Laurent A , Ferron C , Lombrail P , Berry P , Frattini M O , Berdougo F , Rusch E 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Health promotion stakeholders are encouraged to base their intervention strategies on evidence. However, the evidence produced by public health research is outcome-based and provides little information on “how to act?” It is necessary to complete this evidence with experiential data constituting an evidence of a different nature, answering questions about organizations, skills and tools mobilized to achieve the results, and valuing skilled actors’ knowledge and good practice.
For two years, a group of 15 French organizations has been working on capitalization and sharing experiential knowledge. This work is part of the setting up of a national evidence platform. After a benchmarking phase, the group developed and tested a capitalization method which focuses on the collection and analysis of qualitative data and aims to explain the contexts and processes at work in the actions: knowledge and skills, strategies, perceived challenges and facilitating factors, key moments. The group also worked on the structure, content and use of a shareable document.
The test has shown the pedagogical interest of the method for the actors who were invited to develop a reflective thinking about their action, as well as the relevance of this method to build experiential knowledge. The ongoing group’s work concerns the dissemination of collected data. A practical guide for stakeholders is being finalised. The group is defining the selection process of the initiatives to be valued, in particular with regard to results that make sense for all stakeholders.
The main difficulty of the approach - its low level of recognition and entrenchment in public health - will be discussed during the presentation, as well as the necessity to ensure the legitimacy of this approach in a context where the notion of evidence is centered on quantitative data produced with an objective defined “a priori” and in a controlled context.

Key messages
This work opens the way for an original reflection in public health to build a shareable experiential knowledge, and to valorize and strengthen field actors’ practical expertise. This work has pedagogical, political, scientific and informational impacts. It contributes to knowledge transfer and provides self-training, a practical vision of policies, and questions for research.
Commuter e-bike use is associated with increased total physical activity over time
Authors: Chabanas B , Praznoczy C , Duclos M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Active commuting such as cycling has been recommended as a practical way to increase population physical activity levels and improve health. Beside positive health effects observed in experimental studies, less is known about how e-bikes can improve public health outcomes in real-life settings.

Objectives
To describe the patterns over time in physical activity, sedentary behavior, cardiorespiratory fitness and psychophysiological well-being in a population of new commuter e-bike users.

Methods
This was a population-based prospective longitudinal study in France. 33 new users of e-bike were recruited and measured at 4-time points (T0, T1, T2, T3), from before the effective beginning of the e-bike use (T0) until a mean of 4.6 months of use (T3) (min: 3.2, max: 7). Repeated measures multilevel modeling was used on 4 waves of measurements to assess variations over time of e-bike use, total moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total sedentary time (SED-time). Pre-post comparisons between T0 and T3 were performed to detect change in cardiorespiratory fitness, markers of adiposity, self-esteem, quality of life (SF12-v2), and physical activity motivations (EMAPS).

Results
Adherence to e-bike commuting was high and stable, with a mean of 82% (3%) of weekly use. Multilevel modeling indicated that MVPA followed a significant increasing curvilinear trajectory over time, plateauing after 90 days (+ 21 MET-h/week compared to mean T0 at 33 MET-h/week). No significant change was found in SED-time, averaging a mean of 8.6 hours/day. Greater adherence to using an e-bike was associated with greater increases in MVPA. Several markers of physical and mental health improved.

Conclusions
New commuter e-bike users undergo a significant increase in MVPA while being already at a high level before e-bike use onset. This increase in MVPA could be meaningful to attenuate detrimental effects of a persistent high sedentary behavior.

Key messages
MVPA significantly increases among new commuter e-bike users, along with improvements in physical and mental health. High SED-time is persistent, making increase in MVPA in a population with a moderately high initial level still crucial.
Global trends in incidence and mortality of neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma
Authors: Lau K 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma is a leading cause of premature death and long-term disability as estimated by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study. To evaluate comparative improvements in prevention and survival, this analysis evaluated GBD 2017 mortality to incidence (MI) ratios as a proxy for case fatality over time, location, and socio-demographic status.

Methods
We derived estimates of cause-specific mortality and incidence at birth from GBD 2017, calculating MI ratios of neonatal encephalopathy in children &lt;1 year. We analyzed temporal, geographic, and socio-demographic trends in incidence, mortality, and MI ratio.

Results
Neonatal encephalopathy incidence shows little change over time, with global incidence in children under one essentially the same in 2017 (1,996 cases per 100,000 (1,334-2,912)) and 1990 (1,996 cases per 100,000 (1,331-2,926)). Regions show the same trend, though a large difference exists between the highest and lowest regional incidence, with incidence in Central Sub-Saharan Africa over 20 times higher than in Australasia. Over the same period, MI ratios for neonatal encephalopathy have decreased across all regions. Model input data represented 52 countries for prevalence and 145 countries for mortality, with notable data sparsity in Africa and Eastern Europe.

Conclusions
Case fatality of neonatal encephalopathy, as approximated by MI ratio, has declined worldwide over the past three decades, but incidence has shown little change. This suggests treatment of neonatal encephalopathy has improved, but more research is needed on risk factors in order to increase prevention. Continued work is also needed to reduce disparities in incidence and mortality between countries with different levels of SDI. Improving data coverage in lower SDI regions will be critical to accurately monitor progress toward reducing inequity.

Key messages
Neonatal encephalopathy is a leading cause of premature death and disability. Incidence of neonatal encephalopathy has changed little since 1990, indicating more work is needed on prevention. Case fatality of neonatal encephalopathy can be approximated by the mortality to incidence ratio, and has declined worldwide over the past three decades, suggesting improvements in treatment.
Postpartum women’s experience of abuse in childhood, postnatal depression, and thoughts of self-harm
Authors: Cho S H , Khang Y H , June K J , Lee J Y , Cho H J , Kim Y M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Postnatal depression threatens the health of both mothers and babies. To improve maternal and child health in Seoul, South Korea, a nurse home visitation program for pregnant women and new mothers and babies has been implemented since 2013.

Methods
Cross-sectional data collected from 9,124 mothers while they were visiting a public health center for prenatal services or a nurse was visiting their home within 6 weeks after birth between 2014 and 2018 were analyzed. Mothers were asked whether they had experienced physical, emotional, or sexual abuse in their childhood. Postnatal depression and thoughts of self-harm were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Postnatal depression was defined as a total EPDS score of 13 or higher; thoughts of self-harm were defined as a response of “yes, quite often,” “sometimes,” or “hardly ever” to the corresponding item, excluding the response of “never".

Results
Overall, 3.2% of mothers had experienced child abuse; 8.1% experienced postnatal depression and 5.4% reported thoughts of self-harm. Postnatal depression was more common in mothers who had experienced child abuse than among those who had not (24.2% vs. 7.6%). A similar pattern was found for thoughts of self-harm (21.1% vs. 4.9%, respectively). When controlling for mothers’ age, economic status, history of receiving treatment for mental health problems, and other factors, having experienced child abuse was associated with a 2.73-fold increase in the odds of postnatal depression (odds ratio, 2.02-3.70) and a 3.58-fold increase in the odds of thoughts of self-harm (odds ratio, 2.58-4.96).

Conclusions
Mothers should be screened for having experienced child abuse when providing public health perinatal care to improve mothers’ mental health and parenting practices and to promote their children’s growth and development.

Key messages
Child abuse may have a lifelong negative effect on victims, and the effect extends to the next generation’s health and development. Public health policy and interventions to prevent child abuse are needed to tackle health inequality beginning in early childhood.
Comprehensive unhealthy lifestyle is associated with alcohol consumption as J-shaped curve
Authors: Shimoshikiryo I , Ibusuki R , Shimatani K , Nishimoto D , Takezaki T , Wakai K ,   J-MICC Study Group
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Alcohol consumption is a confirmed risk factor for cancer as well as cardiovascular and other diseases. Decreased and increased risks with light and heavy consumption, respectively (J-shaped associations), were reported for total mortality. However, whether alcohol itself or its related-factors are involved in this association, is unclear. This study examined the background characteristics of comprehensive lifestyles and clinical factors according to alcohol consumption, using data from a baseline survey of large-scaled cohort study conducted among the general Japanese using Breslow’s healthy lifestyle index.

Methods
The study subjects were 23,885 males and 28,165 females aged 35 to 69 years, who were enrolled in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) Study. To determine unhealthy lifestyle scores, smoking, exercise, sleeping duration, breakfast consumption, eating between meals, and obesity were combined. The odds ratios (ORs) of unhealthy lifestyles and clinical factors according to alcohol consumption were estimated using a logistic regression model.

Results
The ORs of combined unhealthy lifestyles decreased among light drinkers in males (0.73, 0.67-0.80) and females (0.88, 0.82-0.95), and increased among heavy drinkers (1.52, 1.27-1.83; 2.15, 1.44-3.20, respectively). These associations were not found for each unhealthy lifestyle and atherosclerosis-related factors, except for less breakfast intake in males and less frequent habitual exercise in females.

Conclusions
The present study suggests that the J-shaped association between comprehensive unhealthy lifestyle and alcohol consumption may be an important background factor of the association between alcohol consumption and risk of total mortality. Further study for total mortality with them is warranted.

Key messages
This study showed comprehensive unhealthy lifestyles were observed not only among heavy drinkers, but also among non-drinkers. Light drinkers have more healthy lifestyles, which contribute to their better health.
Evaluation of polypharmacy in Japan using the national health insurance claims database in 2015-2017
Authors: Park J S , Okui T , Furuhashi H , Tokunaga S , Nakashima N 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
There is growing awareness of polypharmacy as a global issue. Several countries have introduced policies to optimize multidrug prescriptions. In Japan, hospital prescription fee “F100” and outpatient prescription fee “F400” have been instituted to promote the correct use of drugs, the medical treatment fee is restricted when seven or more types of drugs are prescribed. However, non-polypharmacy patients who need multiple drugs are also comprehensively evaluated within the purview of the same drug insurance claim criteria. Thus, the current state of such policies is still unclear. This study identified the age group in which drug claims have changed based on drug insurance claim criteria and elucidated the relationship between policy interventions and multidrug prescriptions.

Methods
We analyzed F100 and F400 cases using open data from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan from April 2015 to March 2017. These sources include a population of about 69 million patients. Moreover, the growth rate of the number of patients who were prescribed seven or more types of drugs was evaluated.

Results
F100 prescription claims decreased by − 12.7% (n = 3,239,070) in 2016 as compared to 2015 (n = 3,700,396), and the number of F400 prescription claims decreased by − 7.7% (n = 28,745,468) in 2016 as compared to 2015 (n = 31,142,484), for seven or more types of drugs. The drug insurance claim rate among people over the age of 65 was 74.2% to F100 and 77.9% to F400, and this age group represented the highest proportion among all age groups.

Conclusions
The rate of health insurance claims for multidrug prescriptions clearly decreased after the institution of policy interventions to optimize the use of seven or more types of drugs. The present study suggests that the prescription fee restriction could reduce the rate of multidrug prescriptions and consequent decreases the risk of adverse drug-related events in polypharmacy patients.

Key messages
Policy interventions related to the optimization of drug prescriptions encourage behavioral factors of healthcare providers. Polypharmacy treatment must be established through prescriptions information linkage between clinical practices and community.
Unmet dental health care needs among adults in Serbia, Survey on Income and Living Conditions 2017
Authors: Terzic-Supic Z , Todorovic J , Vojvodic K , Piperac P , Santric-Milicevic M 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Background
Changes in the health insurance law in 2005 led to the changes in the organization of the provision of dental health care in Serbia. Prior to this law, dental health care was available for every resident covered by mandatory health insurance without additional out-of-pocket payments. Now the dental health care is available only for children under the age of 18, students under the age of 26, pregnant women and for emergency dental care. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of unmet dental health care needs among adults and to assess the factors associated with unmet dental health care needs.

Methods
The study was the secondary analysis of the data from the Survey on income and Living conditions in Serbia, conducted during 2017. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of unmet dental health care needs and socio-demographic and socio-economic factors.

Results
Total of 1718/12437 (12.1%) adults reported unmet dental health care needs. The main reason reported was not being able to afford it (1014/1718, 59.0%), along with the fear of doctors or hospitals (260/1718, 15.5%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the association of unmet dental health care needs and being employed (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.24-1.80), unemployed (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.65-2.33), having primary (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.16-1.86), or secondary education (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.21-1.69), being divorced (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.17-1.85), having good (OR:1.44, 95% CI: 1.20- 1.74), average (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.91-2.92), poor (OR: 2.29, 95%CI: 1.77-2.97), or very poor general health (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.68-3.48), having limitation in daily activities (OR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.60-0.77) and being materially deprived (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.46-1.90).

Conclusions
The prevalence of unmet dental health care needs in high among adults in Serbia. There is an association between social characteristics and health status with unmet dental health care needs in Serbia.

Key messages
There is a high prevalence of unmet dental health care needs in Serbia. Unmet dental health care needs are associated with social characteristics and health status.
Pay for performance scheme for general practitioners in France: results in 2018
Authors: Atramont A A , Coffy S C , Sebo S S , Debeugny G D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Methods
A pay-for-performance scheme, known as Remuneration on public health objectives (ROSP) and based on meeting targets on quality and efficiency indicators, was introduced for general practitioners in France in 2012. Since 2017, following the 2016 medical agreement between Health Insurance and doctors’ unions, ROSP has consisted of 29 indicators: 8 about chronic disease management, 12 about prevention and 9 about appropriate and efficient prescriptions. The aim of this work was to describe the 2018 results and the overall evolution of the indicators for office-based practitioners. Data are from the French national health system database.

Results
Follow-up of diabetic patients is steady: diabetic retinopathy screening and regular HbA1c measurement have been performed in 63% and 79% of them since 2016, respectively. Screening for chronic kidney disease improved for diabetic patients (29% in 2015 to 39% in 2018) and hypertensive patients (6% to 11%) but remain low. Influenza vaccination among people over 65 years increased in 2018 (55%) while a downward trend has been observed since 2011 (58% in 2011, 53% in 2016). The number of antibiotic treatments has decreased since 2011, from 46 out of 100 adults without long-term disease to 36 in 2018. In contrast, breast cancer and cervical cancer screening indicators have stagnated for several years around 66% and 56%, respectively. In terms of efficiency, all the indicators improved, most of them consisting in biosimilar and generic drugs prescription. By 2018, ROSP represents 3% of doctors’ revenue (including fee-for-service and lump sum payments).

Conclusions
By promoting prevention, better management of chronic diseases and optimizing prescriptions in relation to standards, ROSP indicators contribute to improve medical practices. The indicators need to be regularly updated to take into account the evolution of practices and recommendations.

Key messages
By promoting prevention, better management of chronic diseases and optimizing prescriptions in relation to standards, ROSP indicators contribute to improve medical practices. The indicators need to be regularly updated to take into account the evolution of practices and recommendations.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of the Un Chez Soi d’Abord randomized controlled trial: a Markov model
Authors: Lemoine C , Loubiere S , Tinland A , Boucekine M , Auquier P 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Providing permanent supported housing (rent subsidies), integrating clinical and social services to homeless people may represent a financial barrier for building a healthier European public policy. Our objective was to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of the French Housing First program.

Design and methods
Between 2011 and 2014, homeless people with severe mental illness from 4 French major cities were randomized to Housing First (HF, n = 353) or Treatment as Usual (TAU, n = 350) and followed over 24 months. Housing stability and survival were assessed. Costs incurred by health (ED visits, hospital admissions, physician consultations), social (shelters, supported accommodations, other residential structures), justice services (court appearances, detention and penitentiary centres), and welfare benefits were collected over 24 months. Markov models of 6-month transition probabilities were compared among HF group (offering an independent house and support from outpatient mental health and social team) and TAU group (receiving pre-existing dedicated homeless-targeted programs and services). Three Markov states were defined: stable housing (at least 90 nights in an independent housing), unstable housing (i.e. inverse) and death. A societal perspective and a life-time horizon were chosen. Robust sensitivity analyses were performed, including Tornado diagram and Monte-Carlo simulations.

Results
There is evidence of changes (P&lt;.001) in housing stability (246% more days housed) for the HF group compared with TAU group. From the societal perspective, HF was €10,163 (3%) more costly than usual care. ICER was €5.32 per additional night spent in independent housing. In sensitivity analyses, HF was less costly and more effective in 28% of iterations.

Conclusions
HF proves to be cost-effective in homeless people with mental disorders and may assist decision-makers in defining conditions for further implementation of these innovations in Europe.

Key messages
Housing First model proves to be cost-effective in homeless people with mental disorders. Housing First model was less costly and more effective in 28% of ieration compared to treatment as usual.