bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does occupational licensing costs disproportionately affect the self-employed?
Authors: Plemmons Alicia Morgan 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyze how occupational licensing costs within a state affect the performance of self-employed firms, as measured through annual sales.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilizes an empirical approach to determine if there are additional effects on the annual sales for firms that are self-employed in high-cost states that are not explained through the individual estimations. Since the choice of self-employment is plausibly nonrandom, this study also uses a propensity score matching method to develop a matched subsample of self-employed and employee-maintaining firms. This selection methodology ensures that the set of self-employed and employee-maintaining firm observations are similar in all measurable attributes besides their regulatory environment and firm structure. Using this representative subsample, the empirical framework is repeated to reevaluate the effects of high occupational licensing fees on the sales of self-employed firms.FindingsIn both the unmatched and matched samples, there are significant, large, negative interactions representing a reduction in annual sales per employee within self-employed firms relative to employee-maintaining firms when located in states with above-average occupational licensing costs. The results using the matched subsamples are noticeably smaller in magnitude, which indicates that future policy assessments would benefit from ensuring that the sample pool, when dealing with self-employment, is limited only to firms under a common convex hull in order to not skew the size of results.Originality/valueThis study contributes new understanding of the financial relationship of self-employed firms and occupational licensing costs using firm-level observations of sales and firm structure. This has important policy implications for the development and evaluation of occupational licensing policies when considering effects on the self-employed.
Care quality commission inspections of high-security hospitals
Authors: Rabab Sana , Tomlin Jack , Huband Nick , Völlm Birgit 
Published: March 2020

PurposePatients detained in high-security psychiatric hospitals are particularly vulnerable to excessive restrictions and exploitation. In the UK, the care quality commission (CQC) monitors and regulates forensic healthcare provision. The purpose of this study is to identify key concerns highlighted in CQC inspection reports of the three high-secure hospitals in England between 2010 and 2018.Design/methodology/approachIn this qualitative study, 49 CQC inspection reports from three high-secure hospitals were subjected to thematic analysis.FindingsFive central themes emerged: staffing and management; restrictive practice; physical environment and ward atmosphere; patients’ needs and involvement in their care; and legal and statutory matters. There was some variation in the overall quality of care between the hospitals. Positive staff–patient interactions and good practice in assessing and delivering care were consistently observed. However, enduring staff shortages within each hospital were experienced negatively and sometimes co-occurred with concerns over restrictive practices, poor care-plan procedure and inadequate legal documentation. Over time, Rampton and Broadmoor Hospitals appeared to worsen with regard to staffing levels, staff morale and management involvement. While services progressed over time in providing patients with access to advocacy and information concerning their rights, in some recent inspections it remained unclear whether patients were adequately involved in the care-plan process.Practical implicationsThese findings provide preliminary indicators for areas requiring further attention from policymakers, clinicians and advocates.Originality/valueThis study appears to be the first systematic analysis of key concerns expressed in CQC reports of English high-security hospitals.
The evolution and significance of the “apply and explain” regime in King IV
Authors: Natesan Parmi 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to delve into the progress in governance application regimes over the years.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper was conceptual/analytical in nature and based on research of King Reports and other desktop research.

Findings
Distinctive developments in the narrative and practice of governance in the King Reports were found.

Originality/value
A unique reporting of the development in governance praxis through the King Reports is provided.
Prevalence and characteristics of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in semi-urban communities
Authors: Nawamawat Juntima , Prasittichok Wipa , Prompradit Thansinee , Chatchawanteerapong Suwapich , Sittisart Vipaporn 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThe purpose of this research aimed to identify the risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and determine their prevalence and characteristics in a semi-urban community in Thailand.Design/methodology/approachThe survey was designed to determine the type and prevalence of risk factors for NCDs among populations in semi-urban areas in the Takianleurn subdistrict of Nakhonsawan, Thailand. A stratified random sampling design was used to select 352 subjects, aged over 15 years and living in this region. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed to show frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-squared, prevalence rate and prevalence rate ratio with significance indicated by p-value < 0.05 and confidence interval 95 percent.Research limitations/implicationsThe implications for the future study are as follows: (1) a comparative study between rural and urban or rural and semi-urban or urban and semi-urban should be studied to understand how risk factors cause NCDs and (2) Participatory action research should be introduced to assess the effectiveness of the decrease in NCDs risk factors management in the community.Practical implications(1) To scale up public health interventions measures to promote and prevent NCDs should be focused on behavioral risk factors of NCDs such as eating habits, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption. (2) Health promotion and disease prevention for decrease in NCDs should consist of reducing alcohol consumption and enhancing healthy eating habits and (3) To manage unmodified risk factors such as age, gender, educational level, etc. should be focused on surveillance and physical health examination yearly.FindingsThe results revealed a prevalence of NCDs of 14.8 percent. The main unmodifiable risk factors affecting NCD prevalence were gender, age, low level of education and poverty; behavioral risk factors included not eating enough fruit and vegetables, high alcohol consumption, a high-fat fast-food diet and smoking.Originality/valueThe prevention of NCDs requires more focus on changing the eating behavior of high-risk groups and providing easily accessible health care information and services. The entire family should be involved in the process of maintaining good health and disease prevention for all family members.
The key success factors in focus group discussions with the elderly for novice researchers: a review
Authors: Muijeen Kasorn , Kongvattananon Puangpaka , Somprasert Chomchuen 
Published: March 2020

PurposeThis study aimed to discuss the key success factors in focus group discussions among the elderly as a means of supporting novice researchers and also to share the experiences of novice researchers with focus group discussions.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a literature review of previous studies that revealed three themes regarding the key success of focus group discussions with the elderly. Focusing on issues published between 2009 and 2019, four health-related databases, namely the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ScienceDirect, PsycARTICLES and Thaijo were investigated using keyword searches, both individually and in combination, and the inclusion criteria used in selecting relevant articles as primary sources included research written in the English and Thai languages.FindingsThe literature review involved eight published articles related to this topic in the nursing field. Three themes for key successes were identified as follows: good planning and convenient organization, being accepting and flexible concerning their opinions and good management.Originality/valueFocus group discussions with the elderly are complex and challenging for novice researchers. It is necessary that a novice researcher in the nursing field builds up the skills of a moderator in conducting focus group interviews if he or she wishes to obtain rigorous data.
Lean and agile manufacturing: complementary or competing capabilities?
Authors: Iqbal Tahir , Jajja Muhammad Shakeel Sadiq , Bhutta Mohammad Khurrum , Qureshi Shahzad Naeem 
Published: March 2020

PurposeLean (TQM and JIT) and agile manufacturing (AM) are viewed as strategic capabilities that can help firms to meet diverse set of market demands. However, the question whether lean manufacturing and AM are complementary or competing capabilities is still open to discussion. This research proposes an integrated research framework that draws on complementary theory, theory of systems, and concept of fit to examine this question regarding these two strategic capabilities.Design/methodology/approachData are collected from 248 apparel exporting firms, and the proposed model is evaluated using structural equation modeling.FindingsResults show that lean manufacturing, AM, and supporting management and infrastructural practices have positive and complementary effects on firm's performance. Further, results depict that lean manufacturing and AM complementarity is a complete organizational synergistic phenomenon, and piecemeal implementation of these initiatives may lead to suboptimal or unsatisfactory results. Results also indicate that there is no significant direct (correlated and uncorrelated) relationship of management, infrastructure, lean manufacturing, and AM practices with firm's performance and support that lean manufacturing and AM are not competing paradigms.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is based on cross-sectional data from one industry. Future research should collect data from diverse sectors in different countries.Practical implicationsThis study provides a key insight for manufacturing managers that piecemeal implementation of lean manufacturing and AM does not yield optimal outcomes. In addition, study suggests that lean manufacturing and AM complementarity builds on strong foundation of strategic management and internal and external infrastructure. Therefore, managers should focus on development of skilled and empowered human resources, technological advancements, and learning and virtually integrated organizations for effective implementation of lean manufacturing and AM.Originality/valueProposed framework is one of the first, if not the first, that seeks to resolve the question: whether lean manufacturing and AM are complementary or competing capabilities. Complementary effects of lean manufacturing and AM along with management, internal infrastructure, and common external infrastructure practices have positive impact on performance. This study also segregated infrastructure practices into internal and common external infrastructure practices.
Design of conformal lattice structures using the volumetric distance field based on parametric solid models
Authors: Liang Yan , Zhao Feng , Yoo Dong-Jin , Zheng Bing 
Published: March 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe a novel design method to construct lattice structure computational models composed of a set of unit cells including simple cubic, body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, diamond cubic and octet cubic unit cell.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the authors introduce a new implicit design algorithm based on the computation of volumetric distance field (VDF). All the geometric components including lattice core structure and outer skin are represented with VDFs in a given design domain. This enables computationally efficient design of a computational model for an arbitrarily complex lattice structure. In addition, the authors propose a hybrid method based on the VDF and parametric solid models to construct a conformal lattice structure, which is oriented in accordance with the geometric form of the exterior surface. This method enables the authors to design highly complex lattice structure, computational models, in a consistent design framework irrespective of the complexity in geometric representations without sacrificing accuracy and efficiency.

Findings
Experimental results are shown for a variety of geometries to validate the proposed design method along with illustrative several lattice structure prototypes built by additive manufacturing techniques.

Originality/value
This method enables the authors to design highly complex lattice structure, computational models, in a consistent design framework irrespective of the complexity in geometric representations without sacrificing accuracy and efficiency.
Ant colony nest networks adapt to resource disruption
Authors: Burns Dominic D. R. , Franks Daniel W. , Parr Catherine , Robinson Elva J. H. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAnimal social structure is shaped by environmental conditions, such as food availability. This is important as conditions are likely to change in the future and changes to social structure can have cascading ecological effects. Wood ants are a useful taxon for the study of the relationship between social structure and environmental conditions, as some populations form large nest networks and they are ecologically dominant in many northern hemisphere woodlands. Nest networks are formed when a colony inhabits more than one nest, known as polydomy. Polydomous colonies are composed of distinct sub‐colonies that inhabit spatially distinct nests and that share resources with each other.In this study, we performed a controlled experiment on 10 polydomous wood ant (Formica lugubris) colonies to test how changing the resource environment affects the social structure of a polydomous colony. We took network maps of all colonies for 5 years before the experiment to assess how the networks changes under natural conditions. After this period, we prevented ants from accessing an important food source for a year in five colonies and left the other five colonies undisturbed.We found that preventing access to an important food source causes polydomous wood ant colony networks to fragment into smaller components and begin foraging on previously unused food sources. These changes were not associated with a reduction in the growth of populations inhabiting individual nests (sub‐colonies), foundation of new nests or survival, when compared with control colonies.Colony splitting likely occurred as the availability of food in each nest changed causing sub‐colonies to change their inter‐nest connections. Consequently, our results demonstrate that polydomous colonies can adjust to environmental changes by altering their social network.
Herpes zoster granulomatous dermatitis in metastatic lung cancer treated with nivolumab: A case report
Authors: Gozzi Elisa , Rossi Luigi , Angelini Francesco , Leoni Valentina , Trenta Patrizia , Cimino Giuseppe , Tomao Silverio 
Published: March 2020

AbstractGranulomatous dermatitis (GD) is the most common among a variety of skin reactions that may occur in the varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) reactivation area. It is thought that the formation of granulomas may be the result of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to viral envelope glycoproteins. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as nivolumab stimulate T cells and promote hypersensitivity reactions, leading to the formation of granulomas in VZV wrapping proteins, thus triggering VZV‐GD. Few cases of the use of ICIs in patients diagnosed with VZV‐GD have been reported in the literature. Here, we report the clinical case of a patient with metastatic lung cancer which was treated with nivolumab who subsequently developed VZV‐GD. Accurate clinical diagnosis and prompt treatment with antiviral agents have resulted in a complete resolution of the clinical picture.Key pointsSignificant findings
Treatment with ICIs may result in VZV reactivation.
Accurate differential diagnosis and early treatment led to the resolution of VZV‐GD.
What this study adds
Few cases of ICI and VZV reactivation have been reported in the literature.
Full and timely resolution of VZV‐GD allowed the continuation of ICI treatment.
Does surgically resected small‐cell lung cancer without lymph node involvement benefit from prophylactic cranial irradiation?
Authors: Lou Yuqing , Zhong Runbo , Xu Jianlin , Qiao Rong , Teng Jiajun , Zhang Yanwei , Zhang Xueyan , Chu Tianqing , Zhong Hua , Han Baohui 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIt has previously been demonstrated that surgically resected small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients could benefit from prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). However, PCI in patients without lymph node involvement remains controversial. This study includes a larger sample size to evaluate the benefit of PCI therapy in this specific population.MethodsThe records of surgically resected SCLC patients without lymph node involvement (N0M0) in Shanghai Chest Hospital were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsBetween January 2006 and May 2017, a total of 146 cases of surgically resected SCLC without lymph node involvement were included. A total of 46 patients received PCI therapy and 100 patients received no therapy. During the observation period, 12.0% (12/100) of the patients who did not receive PCI therapy developed brain metastases while 10.9% (5/46) of patients who received PCI therapy developed brain metastases. With regard to time to recurrence, no significant difference was observed among the groups (P = 0.798). Moreover, there was no significant difference in either the overall survival benefit (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.49–1.45, P = 0.532) or disease‐free survival rate (HR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.52–1.75, P = 0.864).ConclusionsThe evidence obtained does not support PCI therapy in the management of surgically resected SCLC with no lymph node involvement.Key pointsProphylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) remains controversial for resected small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) without lymph node involvement. In this study, the results indicated that PCI does not reduce the risk of cerebral recurrence of resected p‐T1‐2N0M0 SCLC.This is the largest sample size study focused on PCI in resected p‐T1‐2N0M0 SCLC. Future revised versions of the guidelines should address this issue.
Alcohol use disorder and cannabis use disorder symptomatology in adolescents is associated with dysfunction in neural processing of future events
Authors: Aloi Joseph , Blair Karina S. , Meffert Harma , White Stuart F. , Hwang Soonjo , Tyler Patrick M. , Crum Kathleen I. , Thornton Laura C. , Mobley Alita , Killanin Abraham D. , Filbey Francesca M. , Pope Kayla , Blair R. James 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTwo of the most commonly used substances by adolescents in the United States are cannabis and alcohol. Cannabis use disorder (CUD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are associated with impairments in decision‐making processes. One mechanism for impaired decision‐making in these individuals is thought to be an inability to adequately represent future events during decision‐making. In the current study involving 112 adolescents, we used a comparative optimism task to examine the relationship between relative severity of CUD/AUD (as indexed by the CUD/AUD Identification Tests [CUDIT/AUDIT]) and atypical function within neural systems underlying affect‐based neural represenation future events. Greater CUDIT scores were negatively related to responses within subgenual anterior and posterior cingulate cortex when processing high‐intensity potential future positive and negative events. There was also a particularly marked negative relationship between CUD symptoms and blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) responses within visual and premotor cortices to high‐intensity, negatively valenced potential future events. However, AUD symptom severity was not associated with dysfunction within these brain regions. These data indicate that relative risk/severity of CUD is associated with reduced responsiveness to future high‐intensity events. This may impair decision‐making where future significant consequences should guide response choice.
Mechanical Turk data collection in addiction research: utility, concerns and best practices
Authors: Mellis Alexandra M. , Bickel Warren K. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimsAmazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) provides a crowdsourcing platform for the engagement of potential research participants with data collection instruments. This review (1) provides an introduction to the mechanics and validity of MTurk research; (2) gives examples of MTurk research; and (3) discusses current limitations and best practices in MTurk research.MethodsWe review four use cases of MTurk for research relevant to addictions: (1) the development of novel measures, (2) testing interventions, (3) the collection of longitudinal use data to determine the feasibility of longer‐term studies of substance use and (4) the completion of large batteries of assessments to characterize the relationships between measured constructs. We review concerns with the platform, ways of mitigating these and important information to include when presenting findings.ResultsMTurk has proved to be a useful source of data for behavioral science more broadly, with specific applications to addiction science. However, it is still not appropriate for all use cases, such as population‐level inference. To live up to the potential of highly transparent, reproducible science from MTurk, researchers should clearly report inclusion/exclusion criteria, data quality checks and reasons for excluding collected data, how and when data were collected and both targeted and actual participant compensation.ConclusionsAlthough on‐line survey research is not a substitute for random sampling or clinical recruitment, the Mechanical Turk community of both participants and researchers has developed multiple tools to promote data quality, fairness and rigor. Overall, Mechanical Turk has provided a useful source of convenience samples despite its limitations and has demonstrated utility in the engagement of relevant groups for addiction science.