bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cribra orbitalia is a vascular phenomenon unrelated to marrow hyperplasia or anemia: Paradigm shift for cribra orbitalia
Authors: Rothschild Bruce M. , Zdilla Matthew J. , Jellema Lyman M. , Lambert H. Wayne 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe orbital phenomenon, cribra orbitalia, has long been a source of controversy, especially with regard to its nature, derivation, and relationship to anemia. Therefore, the external surfaces of orbital roofs were systematically examined microscopically in human skulls from historical collections. Superior orbital surfaces of 278 individual crania within the Hamann‐Todd collection were assessed at various magnifications using epi‐illumination microscopy to identify the presence of cribra orbitalia and characterize its nature. Also, 12 additional individuals with diagnosed anemia in the Hamann‐Todd collection were evaluated. Orbital roof alterations, present in one‐third of examined crania, had two discrete appearances: Vascular grooves (45%) and application of new bone in a vascular branching pattern on the orbit surface (55%). Porosity of the orbit was not observed. Evaluation of the orbits of 12 individuals with diagnosed anemia revealed one with a single deep defect, suggesting a space‐occupying phenomenon, but no evidence of bone accretion, vascular grooves, or porosity. Cribra orbitalia has often been lumped indiscriminately as an indicator of organismal stress, rather than identified as a indicating a specific etiology. Neither that perspective nor porosity are supported by high resolution examination of orbital roof changes. Recognition of the blood vessel imprint pattern falsifies previous speculations and provides a new paradigm. The actual character of cribra orbitalia is documented and new hypotheses generated. While population prevalence of cribra orbitalia seems excessive for explanation on the basis of these hypotheses, the imprints are clearly vascular in origin.
Maternal Vitamin D Levels During Pregnancy in Association With Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) or Intellectual Disability (ID) in Offspring; Exploring Non‐linear Patterns and Demographic Sub‐groups
Authors: Windham Gayle C. , Pearl Michelle , Poon Victor , Berger Kimberly , Soriano Jasmine W. , Eyles Darryl , Lyall Kristen , Kharrazi Martin , Croen Lisa A. 
Published: November 2020

Increasing vitamin D deficiency and evidence for vitamin D's role in brain and immune function have recently led to studies of neurodevelopment; however, few are specific to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and vitamin D in pregnancy, a likely susceptibility period. We examined this in a case–control study of 2000–2003 Southern Californian births; ASD and intellectual disability (ID) were identified through the Department of Developmental Services and controls from birth certificates (N = 534, 181, and 421, respectively, in this analysis). Total 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured in mid‐pregnancy serum, categorized as deficient (<50 nmol/L), insufficient (50‐74 nmol/L), or sufficient (≥75 nmol/L, referent category), and examined continuously (per 25 nmol/L). Crude and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Non‐linearity was examined with cubic splines. AORs (95% CI) for ASD were 0.79 (0.49–1.3) for maternal deficiency (9.5%), 0.93 (0.68–1.3) for insufficiency (25.6%), and 0.95 (0.86, 1.05) for linear continuous 25(OH)D. Results were similarly null for ASD with or without ID, and ID only. Interactions were observed; non‐Hispanic whites (NHW) (AOR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.69–0.98) and males (AOR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80–0.99) had protective associations for ASD with continuous 25(OH)D. A positive association with ASD was observed in females (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.06–1.85). With splines, a non‐linear inverted j‐shaped pattern was seen overall (P = 0.009 for non‐linearity), with the peak around 100 nmol/L; a non‐linear pattern was not observed among NHW, females, nor for ID. Our findings from a large study of ASD and prenatal vitamin D levels indicate that further research is needed to investigate non‐linear patterns and potentially vulnerable sub‐groups.Lay SummaryWe studied whether mothers' vitamin D levels during pregnancy were related to their children having autism (or low IQ) later. Low vitamin D levels were not related to greater risk of autism or low IQ in children overall. With higher levels of mothers' vitamin D, risk of autism went down in boys, but went up in girls. Risk of autism also went down in children of non‐Hispanic white mothers with higher vitamin D levels, but we did not find a relation in other race/ethnic groups.
Anion‐regulated binding selectivity of Cr(III) in collagen
Authors: Zhang Yi , Mehta Megha , Mansel Bradley W. , Ng Hon Wei , Liu Yang , Holmes Geoff , Le Ru Eric C. , Prabakar Sujay 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe present a mechanism for the selectivity of covalent/electrostatic binding of the Cr(III) ion to collagen, mediated by the kosmotropicity of the anions. Although a change in the long‐range ordered structure of collagen is observed after covalent binding (Cr(III)‐OOC) in the presence of SO42− at pH 4.5, the νsym(COO−) band remains intense, suggesting a relatively lower propensity for the Cr(III) to bind covalently instead of electrostatically through Cr(H2O)63+. Replacing SO42− with Cl− reduces the kosmotropic effect which further favors the electrostatic binding of Cr(III) to collagen. Our findings allow a greater understanding of mechanism‐specific metal binding in the collagen molecule. We also report for the first time, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy to analyze binding mechanisms in collagen, suggesting a novel way to study chemical modifications in collagen‐based biomaterials.
Cost-effectiveness of gallbladder histopathology after cholecystectomy for benign disease
Authors: Lundgren L , Henriksson M , Andersson B , Sandström P 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of incidental gallbladder cancer is low when performing cholecystectomy for benign disease. The performance of routine or selective histological examination of the gallbladder is still a subject for discussion. The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of these different approaches.MethodsFour management strategies were evaluated using decision-analytical modelling: no histology, current selective histology as practised in Sweden, macroscopic selective histology, and routine histology. Healthcare costs and life-years were estimated for a lifetime perspective and combined into incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) to assess the additional cost of achieving an additional life-year for each management strategy.ResultsIn the analysis of the four strategies, current selective histology was ruled out due to a higher ICER compared with macroscopic selective histology, which showed better health outcomes (extended dominance). Comparison of routine histology with macroscopic selective histology resulted in a gain of 12 life-years and an incremental healthcare cost of approximately €1 000 000 in a cohort of 10 000 patients, yielding an estimated ICER of €76 508. When comparing a macroscopic selective strategy with no histological assessment, 50 life-years would be saved and the ICER was estimated to be €20 708 in a cohort of 10 000 patients undergoing cholecystectomy.ConclusionA macroscopic selective strategy appears to be the most cost-effective approach.
Evolutionary History of Bioessential Elements Can Guide the Search for Life in the Universe
Authors: Kacar Betul , Garcia Amanda K. , Anbar Ariel D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOur understanding of life in the universe comes from one sample, life on Earth. Current and next‐generation space missions will target exoplanets as well as planets and moons in our own solar system with the primary goal of detecting, interpreting and characterizing indications of possible biological activity. Thus, understanding life's fundamental characteristics is increasingly critical for detecting and interpreting potential biological signatures elsewhere in the universe. Astrobiologists have outlined the essential roles of carbon and water for life, but we have yet to decipher the rules governing the evolution of how living organisms use bioessential elements. Does the suite of life's essential chemical elements on Earth constitute only one possible evolutionary outcome? Are some elements so essential for biological functions that evolution will select for them despite low availability? How would this play out on other worlds that have different relative element abundances? When we look for life in the universe, or the conditions that could give rise to life, we must learn how to recognize it in extremely different chemical and environmental conditions from those on Earth. We argue that by exposing self‐organizing biotic chemistries to different combinations of abiotic materials, and by mapping the evolutionary history of metalloenzyme biochemistry onto geological availabilities of metals, alternative element choices that are very different from life's present‐day molecular structure might result. A greater understanding of the paleomolecular evolutionary history of life on Earth will create a predictive capacity for detecting and assessing life's existence on worlds where alternate evolutionary paths might have been taken.
Not‐So‐Innocent Anions Determine the Mechanism of Cationic Alkylators
Authors: Taimoory S. Maryamdokht , Cataldo Vincenzo Alessandro , Schäfer Andreas , Trant John F. , Guterman Ryan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAlkylating reagents based on thioimidazolium ionic liquids were synthesized and the influence of the anion on the alkylation reaction mechanism explored in detail using both experimental and computational methods. Thioimidazolium cations transfer alkyl substituents to nucleophiles, however the reaction rate was highly dependent on anion identity, demonstrating that the anion is not innocent in the mechanism. Detailed analysis of the computationally‐derived potential energy surfaces associated with possible mechanisms indicated that this dependence arises from a combination of anion induced electronic, steric and coordinating effects, with highly nucleophilic anions catalyzing a 2‐step process while highly non‐nucleophilic, delocalized anions favor a 1‐step reaction. This work also confirms the presence of ion‐pairs and aggregates in solution thus supporting anion‐induced control over the reaction rate and mechanism. These findings provide new insight into an old reaction allowing for better design of cationic alkylators in synthesis, gene expression, polymer science, and protein chemistry applications.
Core‐Modified Coelenterazine Luciferin Analogues: Synthesis and Chemiluminescence Properties
Authors: Gagnot Glwadys , Hervin Vincent , Coutant Eloi P. , Goyard Sophie , Jacob Yves , Rose Thierry , Hibti Fatima Ezzahra , Quatela Alessia , Janin Yves L. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this work on the design and studies of luciferins related to the blue‐hued coelenterazine, the synthesis of heterocyclic analogues susceptible to produce a photon, possibly at a different wavelength, is undertaken. Here, the synthesis of O‐acetylated derivatives of imidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazin‐3(5 H)‐one, imidazo[2,1‐f][1,2,4]triazin‐7(1 H)‐one, imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐3‐ol, imidazo[1,2‐a]quinoxalin‐1(5 H)‐one, benzo[f]imidazo[1,2‐a]quinoxalin‐3(11 H)‐one, imidazo[1′,2′:1,6]pyrazino[2,3‐c]quinolin‐3(11 H)‐one, and 5,11‐dihydro‐3 H‐chromeno[4,3‐e]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrazin‐3‐one is described thanks to extensive use of the Buchwald–Hartwig N‐arylation reaction. The acidic hydrolysis of these derivatives then gave solutions of the corresponding luciferin analogues, which were studied. Not too unexpectedly, even if these were “dressed” with substituents found in actual substrates of the nanoKAZ/NanoLuc luciferase, no bioluminescence was observed with these compounds. However, in a phosphate buffer, all produced a light signal, by chemiluminescence, with extensive variations in their respective intensity and this could be increased by adding a quaternary ammonium salt in the buffer. This aspect was actually instrumental to determine the emission spectra of many of these luciferin analogues.
Stability of w/o emulsions for MgSO4 and Na2CO3 solutions under dynamic and static conditions
Authors: Palizdan Sepideh , Riazi Masoud , Malayeri Mohammad Reza , Torabi Farshid 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEmulsions are widely used in various sectors of the oil industry. They can spontaneously be formed during drilling, production, transportation, and oil separation processes. The stability of these emulsions is closely related to species such as asphaltene and resin at the water/oil interface. In this study, emulsion stability was studied at static and dynamic conditions where w/o emulsions were prepared using different concentrations of MgSO4 and Na2CO3 solutions. The optimum concentration of MgSO4 and Na2CO3 solutions was then obtained by microscopic imaging of the samples and analyzing through the ImageJ software. Once the optimum concentrations was established, the stability of emulsions were examined in a 10‐day time period. Emulsion stability at dynamic condition was also examined through injecting the optimum aqueous solutions into a micromodel. Based on these findings, 50 000 ppm and 60 000 ppm were identified as optimum concentrations for the formation of stable w/o emulsions for MgSO4 and Na2O3, respectively. Asphaltene also showed distinct behaviour with pH in which higher polarization was observed for basic solutions. According to this finding, more stable emulsions have been observed in the optimum solution of MgSO4 (in comparison with the Na2O3 solution) under static and dynamic conditions.
Acinar cell induced autolysis is a frequent occurrence in CytoLyt‐fixed pancreatic fine needle aspiration specimens: An analysis of 157 cytology samples
Authors: Alwelaie Yazeed , Point du Jour Kimberly S. , Pandya Sonal , Goodman Abigail L. , Centeno Barbara A. , Adsay Volkan , Reid Michelle D. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundAlthough 10% formalin is a standard preservative in pancreatic FNAs, the effect of CytoLyt on pancreatic tissue preservation has not been systematically explored.MethodsSmears and cell blocks from CytoLyt‐fixed (CF‐CBs) and formalin‐fixed (FF‐CBs) pancreatic FNAs were blindly reviewed without knowledge of the fixative used, and the presence of tissue/tumor autolysis was noted. Controls included FF‐CBs from pancreatic FNAs, CF‐CBs from nonpancreatic FNAs, and 4 pancreatic FNAs with matched CF‐CBs and FF‐CBs.ResultsWe found that 62 of 85 (73%) pancreatic FNAs with CF‐CBs showed significant autolysis, which was most pronounced in acinar cells and/or tumor cells with benign acinar cells in the background, compared with 2 of 46 (4%) FF‐CBs (P < .0001) and 3 of 26 (12%) CF‐CBs from nonpancreatic FNAs (73% vs 12%; P < .0001). Of the 4 pancreatic FNAs with matched CF‐CBs and FF‐CBs, all 4 CF‐CBs showed marked autolysis versus none of the matched FF‐CBs. Of the 23 (27%) pancreatic FNAs with CF‐CBs that did not show autolysis, 10 had no acinar cells, and 7 had only minute tissue fragments on CB.ConclusionWhile CytoLyt is a useful fixative for nonpancreatic FNAs it is a suboptimal fixative for pancreatic FNAs and is associated with tissue/tumor autolysis in the majority of cases, influencing morphologic evaluation, and potentially immunocytochemical staining. Autolysis appears to be due to acinar enzymes whose effect is likely interrupted/inhibited by formalin fixation. Cytopathologists and cytotechnologists should be mindful of this pitfall and should avoid using CytoLyt as a fixative for pancreatic FNAs.
Putting morphology to the test: An established classification scheme reliably stratifies salivary gland cytology by risk of malignancy with substantial interobserver agreement
Authors: Lubin Daniel J. , Griffith Christopher C. , Buonocore Darren J. , Wei Xiao‐Jun , Lin Oscar 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology describes several salivary gland fine‐needle aspiration cytology (SGFNAC) morphologies developed by Griffith et al. Basaloid neoplasms are pleomorphic (PB) or monomorphic with fibrillary (MBFib), hyaline (MBHy), or other (MBOther) matrix. Oncocytoid neoplasms can be pleomorphic (PO), demonstrate granular and/or vacuolated cytoplasm (OGV), or be monomorphic with mucinous (MOMuc), cystic (MOCyst), or other (MOOther) background. In the current study, the authors explore interobserver agreement (IOA) and risk of malignancy (ROM) for these subcategories.MethodsThe study included 169 SGFNAC cases with surgical follow‐up. Four reviewers categorized these cases using the criteria of Griffith et al. with consensus determined by majority. For all morphologic categories, IOA (using the Fleiss kappa) and ROM were calculated.ResultsROMs for basaloid categories were: PB: 100% (1 of 1 case); MBHy: 71.4% (5 of 7 cases); MBFib: 50.0% (3 of 6 cases); and MBOther: 47.4% (9 of 19 cases). ROMs for oncocytoid neoplasms were: OGV: 100% (10 of 10 cases); MOMuc: 92.3% (12 of 13 cases); PO: 88.9% (8 of 9 cases); MOOther: 33.3% (5 of 15 cases); and MOCyst: 0 (0 of 1 case). The system demonstrated substantial agreement overall (κ = 0.69). For basaloid neoplasms, the IOA results were: MBHy: κ = 0.59; MBFib: κ = 0.41; MBOther: κ = 0.41; and PB: κ = 0.11. For oncocytoid neoplasms, the IOA results were: MOMuc: κ = 0.88; OGV: κ = 0.67; PO: κ = 0.63; MOOther: κ = 0.57; and MOCyst: κ = 0.18.ConclusionsThe SGFNAC scheme proposed by Griffith et al. and incorporated into the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology demonstrated substantial agreement overall, with particularly high agreement for the MOMuc, OGV, PO, and MBHy categories. The PB and MOCyst categories demonstrated slight agreement and may be improved by revised criteria. The PB, PO, MOMuc, and OGV categories demonstrated high ROM, and the latter 2 categories might best be classified as suspicious for malignancy.
OFF bipolar cell density varies by subtype, eccentricity, and along the dorsal ventral axis in the mouse retina
Authors: Camerino Michael J. , Engerbretson Ian J. , Fife Parker A. , Reynolds Nathan B. , Berria Mikel H. , Doyle Jamie R. , Clemons Mellisa R. , Gencarella Michael D. , Borghuis Bart G. , Fuerst Peter G. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe neural retina is organized along central‐peripheral, dorsal‐ventral, and laminar planes. Cellular density and distributions vary along the central‐peripheral and dorsal‐ventral axis in species including primates, mice, fish, and birds. Differential distribution of cell types within the retina is associated with sensitivity to different types of damage that underpin major retinal diseases, including macular degeneration and glaucoma. Normal variation in retinal distribution remains unreported for multiple cell types in widely used research models, including mouse. Here we map the distribution of all known OFF bipolar cell (BC) populations and horizontal cells. We report significant variation in the distribution of OFF BC populations and horizontal cells along the dorsal‐ventral and central‐peripheral axes of the retina. Distribution patterns are much more pronounced for some populations of OFF BC cells than others and may correspond to the cell type's specialized functions.
Growing degree‐days optimize trinexapac‐ethyl reapplications on ultradwarf bermudagrass putting greens: II. Testing a reapplication schedule
Authors: Brown Austin M. , Harris James R. , Gonçalves Clebson G. , Peppers John M. , Magni Simone , Volterrani Marco , McElroy J. Scott 
Published: November 2020

AbstractTrinexapac‐ethyl (TE) is commonly applied to ultradwarf bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy] putting greens for growth suppression and secondary benefits. Improperly timed reapplications will reduce the benefits of TE, but knowing when to reapply is difficult because suppression duration is affected by environmental conditions, especially temperature. In another experiment we determined that GDD with a base temperature of 0 °C (GDD0) was the most precise unit for predicting the maximum suppression point (MSP) after a TE application on a ‘MiniVerde’ ultradwarf bermudagrass putting green. The model suggested that the MSP occurred at 262 GDD0 after the TE application. The objective of this second experiment was to test GDD0 reapplication intervals for an extended period of time. We included four GDD0 intervals (100, 200, 400, and 600) and two TE rates (0.022 and 0.044 kg a.i. ha−1). We hypothesized that reapplying TE before the MSP would result in a consistent suppression magnitude from day to day (i.e., consistent daily growth), which should be an ideal growth pattern for turfgrass managers. The 100‐ and 200‐GDD0 intervals yielded consistent suppression magnitude throughout the experiment, and suppression magnitude increased with the higher TE rate. In contrast, the 400‐ and 600‐GDD0 intervals allowed fluctuation in suppression magnitude from day to day. Discoloration occurred after initial applications and was more severe for the higher TE rate.
QTL for pitted scab, hollow heart, and tuber calcium identified in a tetraploid population of potato derived from an Atlantic × Superior cross
Authors: Zorrilla Cinthya , Navarro Felix , Vega‐Semorile Sandra , Palta Jiwan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCommon scab, calcium deficiency, and internal tuber defects, such as hollow heart, have severe negative impact on the marketable yield and profitability of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) farmers. The present study was conducted to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling these traits. A tetraploid linkage map was constructed using 808 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the SolCAP 8300 Infinium Potato Array using 151 genotypes of an F1 population generated from a cross between cultivars with divergent traits, Atlantic and Superior. Atlantic is susceptible to scab and has high incidence of hollow heart and low tuber calcium. Conversely, Superior has resistance to scab, low incidence of hollow heart, and high tuber calcium. This population was phenotypically evaluated between 2009 and 2012. Seven QTL regions explained pitted scab incidence and severity; two on chromosomes 3 and 11 of Atlantic, and five on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 6, and 10 of Superior were identified. Also, six QTL regions that explained tuber calcium variation were detected; four QTL were located on chromosomes 1, 4, 5, 7, and 8 of Atlantic; and one QTL on chromosome 3 of Superior. In addition, five QTL were identified for the incidence of hollow heart; two QTL were located on chromosomes 3 and 5 of Atlantic, and three QTL were located on chromosomes 3, 6, and 12 of Superior. These QTL regions can be further studied to develop markers for marker‐assisted selection.