bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Conventional Water Pretreatment Devices on Polar Compound Analysis
Authors: Lee Joo-Yeon , Dinh Trieu-Vuong , Kim Dong-June , Choi In-Young , Ahn Ji-Won , Park Shin-Young , Jung Yoo-Jin , Kim Jo-Chun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In general, water vapor in the sample gas can cause adverse effect on analytical instruments. Therefore, the removal of water vapor from the sample gas is a pivotal issue when analyzing polar compounds. The effects of water pretreatment devices on polar compound analysis were investigated in this study. Nafion dryer and Cooler, which are the most widely used water pretreatment device in the world, were compared. Three types of Nafion dryers and two types of Coolers were used. The main target polar compounds were methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), isobutyl alcohol(i-BuAl) and butyl acetate(BuAc) which are designated as odorous compounds in Korea. In order to investigate the effect of the water pretreatment device on target compounds, the water vapor removal test and the recovery test were conducted. When the water vapor removal test was performed with 50% and 90% of RH, Nafion dryers(65.4%-96.6%) showed higher water removal efficiencies than those of Coolers (34.2%–67.2%). During a recovery test, Nafion dryers revealed lower recovery rate and lower reproducibility than Coolers. In particular, Nafion dryers showed very low recovery rate and low reproducibility with respect to MEK and i-BuAl which had high water solubility. It was found that Nafion dryers were not suitable for polar compounds of concern. In addition, Coolers had limitation in water vapor removal as well. Therefore, further research on water pretreatment devices that can overcome the problems is necessary.
Quantification of Imidazole Compounds in Ambient Aerosols at Suburban and Forest Sites in Western Japan
Authors: Takao Yuji , Atarashi Takumi , Kubo Takashi , Nagae Masaki , Nakayama Tomoki 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Ambient aerosol particles at forest and suburban sites in western Japan were analyzed for imidazole compounds, such as 4 (5)-Methylimidazole (4-MI), 1-ethylimidazole (1-EI), 2-ethylimidazole (2-EI), and imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde (IC). The aerosols were collected on quartz fiber filters and extracted by the solid phase extraction method. The extract was analyzed by HPLC/Q-TOF-MS using an ion-pairing agent. The concentration of 4-MI in winter was higher than those in summer at the forest site; its concentration was highest among the analyzed imidazoles. The concentration of 4-MI in the suburban site was several times higher than the forest site. Anthropogenic activities, such as vehicle emissions, are considered to be the major source of 4-MI in this region.
Malignancies in Pleural, Peritoneal, and Pericardial Effusions
Authors: Dermawan Josephine Kam Tai , Policarpio-Nicolas Maria Luisa 
Published: January 2020

Context.—
The incidence and types of malignancies in effusion cytology are largely limited to studies performed in the 1970s through the 1990s.

Objective.—
To examine how the incidence of different types of malignancies in effusions has changed with time.

Design.—
A computerized search for fluid cytology from 2000 through 2016 (database included age, gender, cytologic diagnosis, and type of malignancy) was performed, and all cases were reviewed.

Results.—
Of 30 085 effusion specimens, 3285 (11%) were positive for malignancy (2175 pleural, 955 peritoneal, and 155 pericardial). Of those, 1023 (31%) had known primary sites (648 pleural, 267 peritoneal, and 108 pericardial). Malignancy was more common in females than males in both pleural (15% versus 9%) and peritoneal (14% versus 5%) effusions (P &lt; .001). The most common metastatic tumors in pleural fluid were lung for males and breast for females; in peritoneal fluid, hematolymphoid for males and Müllerian tumors for females; in pericardial fluid, lung for both genders. Among invasive mammary carcinomas, lobular carcinoma tended to metastasize to peritoneal fluid, whereas ductal carcinoma tended to metastasize to pleural fluid (P &lt; .001). Plasma cell neoplasms metastasized to pleural and pericardial but not peritoneal fluid (P = .002).

Conclusions.—
Although pulmonary and Müllerian tumors continue to be the most common origin of metastasis in pleural and peritoneal fluid for males and females, respectively, the frequencies for other malignancies have changed. Familiarity with the more common sites of metastasis in effusion cytology is important, especially in patients with unknown primary, as this will be valuable in judicious triaging of specimens for ancillary studies.
REFLEXOS DA LIBERAÇÃO DA MACONHA SOBRE O MEIO AMBIENTE
Authors: Freitas Vladimir Passos de 
Published: January 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é a análise dos efeitos do plantio da maconha sobre o meio ambiente. A investigação científica utilizou os métodos comparativo e dedutivo. O primeiro, através da legislação de outros países. O segundo, valendo-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, aquela com a utilização de fontes doutrinárias, legislativas e jurisprudenciais, esta valendo-se de dados de órgãos oficiais e notícias dos meios de comunicação. A pesquisa, em um primeiro momento, promove o levantamento da legislação sobre o uso da maconha no Brasil e em outros países, em especial nos Estados Unidos da América, onde o federalismo adotado dá poderes aos estados membros para legislar sobre Direito Penal. Em seguida, países em que é permitido o cultivo da maconha para fins medicinais e os efeitos econômicos de tal atividade. Finalmente, os reflexos sobre o meio ambiente. Neste tópico é avaliada a situação do plantio em larga escala, caso venha a ser permitido no Brasil, tendo em vista nossas condições climáticas. Ao final, é apresentada uma conclusão sobre a solução mais razoável para eventual liberação e uso medicinal, bem como sobre os impactos que isto traria para o meio ambiente.
La educación en los campamentos saharauis: un sistema educativo en el refugio y en el desierto
Authors: Vinagrero Ávila José Antonio 
Published: January 2020

When in 1975 Spain leaves to its fate the inhabitants of the former Spanish province of Western Sahara, most of the Saharawi population has to flee their homes chased by the armies of Morocco and Mauritania in the operation known as “Ecouvillon” while the civilian population marched to Saharaui territory in "The Green March" .In this flight to the desert find refuge in an inhospitable territory of the Algerian Hamada where, located in four camps, declare the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), organizing basic services that allow the survival of the population as well as the possibility of return and government of the territory of Western Sahara in the future. Within the hardness of the situation emerges something exceptional and it is the main axis of this article. The Saharawi people are able to create in the desert refugee camps an educational system that reduces illiteracy in the population as a whole and in childhood in particular. They have been able to organize an educational system in which practically 100% of children are in school, reducing the illiteracy of 90% of the population, in colonial times, to data similar to those of developed countries. In the education of the camps you can study children's education, primary, secondary and also vocational training. In this article we will go deeper into the main characteristics and difficulties of a structured educational system practically without economic resources, but what represents a great commitment to education as a form of struggle, social and political progress. We will also analyze the role of the Spanish Government as a donor of humanitarian aid to these people, as well as its political responsibility in a conflict that has been open for more than 40 years, with Western Sahara being the only territory in the world pending decolonization.
Adherence to Physiotherapy-Guided Web-Based Exercise for Persons with Moderate-to-Severe Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Donkers Sarah J. , Nickel Darren , Paul Lorna , Wiegers Shyane R. , Knox Katherine B. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background:
Options to support adherence to physical activity in moderate-to-severe multiple sclerosis (MS) are needed. The primary aim was to evaluate adherence to a Web-based, individualized exercise program in moderate-to-severe MS. Secondary aims explored changes in 29-item Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), grip strength, Timed 25-Foot Walk test, and Timed Up and Go (TUG) results.

Methods:
Participants were randomized (2:1) to a physiotherapist-guided Web-based home exercise program or a physiotherapist-prescribed written home exercise program. The primary outcome was adherence (number of exercise sessions over 26 weeks). Secondary outcomes were described in terms of means and effect sizes.

Results:
There were 48 participants: mean ± SD age, 54.3 ± 11.9 years; disease duration, 19.5 ± 11.0 years; and Patient-Determined Disease Steps scale score, 4.4 ± 1.6. There was no significant difference in mean ± SD adherence in the Web-based group (38.9 ± 28.1) versus the comparator group (34.6 ± 40.8; U = 198.5, P = .208, Hedges’ g = 0.13). Nearly 50% of participants (23 of 48) exercised at least twice per week for at least 13 of the 26 weeks. Adherence was highest in the Web-based subgroup of wheelchair users. Medium effect sizes were found for the HADS anxiety subscale and in ambulatory participants for TUG. There were no adverse events.

Conclusions:
There was no difference in exercise adherence between the Web-based and active comparator groups. There was no worsening of secondary outcomes or adverse events, supporting the safety of Web-based physiotherapy. More research is needed to determine whether wheelchair users might be most likely to benefit from Web-based physiotherapy.
Light field resampling method for elemental image array generation of integral imaging
Authors: Liu Ze‐Sheng , Deng Huan , Li Jiao‐Jiao , Deng Hui , Lv Guo‐Jiao , Fan Jun , Zhao Bai‐Chuan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we proposed a light field resampling method for generating elemental image array (EIA) of integral imaging. The proposed method can break through the constraints between parameters of traditional integral imaging record device and display device and allow to generate a new set of EIA suited to be displayed in an integral imaging display device with arbitrary parameters from any given recorded EIA. Three‐dimensional display results show the correctness and superiority of the proposed method.
The effectiveness of advertising alcohol products in sports sponsorship
Authors: Alonso Dos Santos Manuel , Pérez Campos Carlos , Crespo Hervás Josep 
Published: January 2020

AbstractStudies have shown that exposure to sponsorship can influence behavior. However, evidence of the effectiveness of sports advertising and its influence on alcohol consumption is inconclusive. The goal of this research is to examine whether sponsorship by alcohol products receives the same attention as sponsorship by nonalcohol products depending on their congruence and the way they influence the intention to consume. Using sports posters, an experiment was performed to measure attention through eye‐tracking. The results show that attention paid to alcohol brands is no greater than the attention paid to incongruent brands and is no different from the attention paid to congruent brands, regardless of gender and sporting discipline. Attention paid to sponsors has no influence on the intention to consume. These results show the need for further research on the effectiveness of sponsorship and its relationship with alcohol consumption.
Dynamics of the Carbonate System in the Western Indonesian Seas During the Southeast Monsoon
Authors: Hamzah Faisal , Agustiadi Teguh , Susanto R. Dwi , Wei Zexun , Guo Liguo , Cao Zhimian , Dai Minhan 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe present a unique water column data set of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TAlk) from a cruise to the western Indonesian Seas during the southeast monsoon, covering the Karimata Strait, western Java Sea, and Sunda Strait. Salinity‐normalized TAlk (NTAlk) in the surface water ranged 2,297–2,348 μmol kg−1, very close to typical values observed in the tropical ocean. In the Karimata Strait, the Kapuas River plume was observed, featuring low salinity, DIC, and TAlk. In the western Java Sea, where waters were well mixed, we observed relatively homogeneous distributions of salinity, DIC, and TAlk. In the Sunda Strait, waters intruding from the Java Sea occupied the upper layer, and below was the Indian Ocean water with lower values of salinity, DIC, and TAlk. In its deep portion, depth profiles of normalized DIC and NTAlk were very similar to those observed in the Indian Ocean. Physical processes and air‐sea gas exchange exerted predominant controls on the carbonate system in the Karimata Strait and western Java Sea. While both processes play large roles in the Sunda Strait, a net DIC removal of 31 ± 23 μmol kg−1 in the surface mixed layer were revealed. The drawdown of DIC is consistent with an overall supersaturation of dissolved oxygen (102–107%), suggesting significant organic carbon production. In the subsurface‐intermediate waters of the Sunda Strait mainly influenced by the advection of Indian Ocean water, a net DIC consumption of 54 ± 45 μmol kg−1 was distinct, likely stimulated by the nutrients supplied from the Indian Ocean.
The Relationship between Serum Relaxin Concentrations and Knee Valgus
Authors: Gilmer Gabrielle G. , Roberts Michael D. , Oliver Gretchen D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractFemale athletes are at an elevated risk for tearing their anterior cruciate
ligament, compared to their male counterparts. Though injury screening clinical
tests and neuromuscular training programs have been widely implemented, injury
rates remain high among female athletes. The purpose of this study was to
examine the relationship between serum relaxin concentrations and knee valgus
during three clinical tests (single leg squat, drop vertical jump, and single
leg crossover dropdown). Twenty-two female athletes volunteered. Participants
were scheduled for collection during the mid-luteal phase, when serum relaxin
concentrations are known to be measurable. Blood samples were collected, and
serum relaxin concentrations were quantified. Kinematic data were collected
while participants performed the three clinical tests. Regression analyses
revealed statistically significant relationships between serum relaxin
concentrations and knee valgus throughout all tests. These findings suggest that
serum relaxin concentrations and knee valgus are not independent of each other
and more holistic approaches may be necessary to truly map out the risk for
injury and ultimately reduce the rate of anterior cruciate ligament injuries.
Thus, concluding that knee valgus, a highly utilized modifiable biomechanical
risk factor, and relaxin, a hormone that has been associated with anterior
cruciate ligament injury in female athletes, are related to each other.
Monocytes mediate homing of circulating microvesicles to the pulmonary vasculature during low‐grade systemic inflammation
Authors: O'Dea Kieran P. , Tan Ying Ying , Shah Sneh , V Patel Brijesh , C Tatham Kate , Wilson Mike R. , Soni Sanooj , Takata Masao 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTMicrovesicles (MVs), a plasma membrane‐derived subclass of extracellular vesicles, are produced and released into the circulation during systemic inflammation, yet little is known of cell/tissue‐specific uptake of MVs under these conditions. We hypothesized that monocytes contribute to uptake of circulating MVs and that their increased margination to the pulmonary circulation and functional priming during systemic inflammation produces substantive changes to the systemic MV homing profile. Cellular uptake of i.v.‐injected, fluorescently labelled MVs (J774.1 macrophage‐derived) in vivo was quantified by flow cytometry in vascular cell populations of the lungs, liver and spleen of C57BL6 mice. Under normal conditions, both Ly6Chigh and Ly6Clow monocytes contributed to MV uptake but liver Kupffer cells were the dominant target cell population. Following induction of sub‐clinical endotoxemia with low‐dose i.v. LPS, MV uptake by lung‐marginated Ly6Chigh monocytes increased markedly, both at the individual cell level (~2.5‐fold) and through substantive expansion of their numbers (~8‐fold), whereas uptake by splenic macrophages was unchanged and uptake by Kupffer cells actually decreased (~50%). Further analysis of MV uptake within the pulmonary vasculature using a combined model approach of in vivo macrophage depletion, ex vivo isolated perfused lungs and in vitro lung perfusate cell‐based assays, indicated that Ly6Chigh monocytes possess a high MV uptake capacity (equivalent to Kupffer cells), that is enhanced directly by endotoxemia and ablated in the presence of phosphatidylserine (PS)‐enriched liposomes and β3 integrin receptor blocking peptide. Accordingly, i.v.‐injected PS‐enriched liposomes underwent a redistribution of cellular uptake during endotoxemia similar to MVs, with enhanced uptake by Ly6Chigh monocytes and reduced uptake by Kupffer cells. These findings indicate that monocytes, particularly lung‐marginated Ly6Chigh subset monocytes, become a dominant target cell population for MVs during systemic inflammation, with significant implications for the function and targeting of endogenous and therapeutically administered MVs, lending novel insights into the pathophysiology of pulmonary vascular inflammation.
BHi-Cect: a top-down algorithm for identifying the multi-scale hierarchical structure of chromosomes
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Leclerc Simon , Taniguchi Yuichi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
High-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technology enables the investigation of genome-wide interactions among chromosome loci. Current algorithms focus on topologically associating domains (TADs), that are contiguous clusters along the genome coordinate, to describe the hierarchical structure of chromosomes. However, high resolution Hi-C displays a variety of interaction patterns beyond what current TAD detection methods can capture. Here, we present BHi-Cect, a novel top-down algorithm that finds clusters by considering every locus with no assumption of genomic contiguity using spectral clustering. Our results reveal that the hierarchical structure of chromosome is organized as ‘enclaves’, which are complex interwoven clusters at both local and global scales. We show that the nesting of local clusters within global clusters characterizing enclaves, is associated with the epigenomic activity found on the underlying DNA. Furthermore, we show that the hierarchical nesting that links different enclaves integrates their respective function. BHi-Cect provides means to uncover the general principles guiding chromatin architecture.
Food allergy in adults in Europe: what can we learn from geographical differences?
Authors: Popov Todor A. , Mustakov Tihomir B. , Kralimarkova Tanya Z. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose of review
The aim of this article is to characterize the present state-of-the-art on the topic of food allergies across Europe.

Recent findings
A systematic review and metaanalysis on the epidemiology of food allergy in Europe have been performed by the Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Guidelines Group of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. The authors had made an extensive search of four different electronic databases which retrieved thousands of hits. A critical appraisal of the documents reduced their number to just over 100 articles covering the period 2000–2012, revealing striking methodological inhomogeneity and blank areas on the map of the continent, particularly for the adult population. A major new development intending to fill in the gaps in the field of food allergy is the launch and implementation of the European Union-funded project ‘Prevalence, Cost and Basis of Food Allergy Across Europe,’ acronym ‘EuroPrevall.’ Among the deliverable of the project are several seminal articles on food allergy in adults which are presented in this review.

Summary
The EuroPrevall project confirmed much more reliably and in more detail the existing inhomogeneity in the prevalence of food allergy, which reflects environmental and climate differences between the separate countries, but possibly also the level of public awareness.
The role of eosinophils in immunotherapy
Authors: Cafone Joseph , Ruffner Melanie A. , Spergel Jonathan M. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to provide a brief discussion on the differential diagnosis for peripheral eosinophilia. We will then focus on targeted immunotherapies for atopic disease, their effects on absolute peripheral eosinophil counts, and use of peripheral eosinophils as a predictor of treatment response.

Recent findings
In atopic disease, lower absolute peripheral eosinophil counts are typically associated with improved outcomes. Much of the current evidence on eosinophils as a biomarker comes from post-hoc analyses in therapeutic immunotherapy. While changes in eosinophilia were not the primary outcome of interest in many studies, some patterns did emerge. Cytolytic mAbs AK002 and benralizumab completely reduce peripheral and tissue eosinophil numbers. Dupilumab may have paradoxical transient eosinophilia despite observed clinical efficacy.

Summary
Atopic inflammation is complex largely due to the various cytokines which affect eosinophils activation, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. This demonstrates the challenges of using peripheral eosinophilia alone as a biomarker for atopic disease activity. More attention should spotlight how different immunotherapy modalities affect eosinophil-driven responses.
Multidrug-resistant bacteria in ICU: fact or myth
Authors: De Waele Jan J. , Boelens Jerina , Leroux-Roels Isabel 
Published: January 2020

Purpose of review
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing in ICUs around the world, but the prevalence is variable. We will review recent literature and try to answer the question whether this is a myth or a new reality, as well as discuss challenges and potential solutions.

Recent findings
AMR is diverse, and currently Gram-negative multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are the main challenge in ICUs worldwide. Geographical variation in prevalence of MDROs is substantial, and local epidemiology should be considered to assess the current threat of AMR. ICU patients are at a high risk of infection with MDRO because often multiple risk factors are present. Solutions should focus on reducing the risk of cross-transmission in the ICU through strict infection prevention and control practices and reducing exposure to antimicrobials as the major contributor to the development of AMR.

Summary
AMR is a reality in most ICUs around the world, but the extent of the problem is clearly highly variable. Infection prevention and control as well as appropriate antimicrobial use are the cornerstones to turn the tide.