bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The AdHOC (age, head injury, oxygenation, circulation) score: a simple assessment tool for early assessment of severely injured patients with major fractures
Authors: Knoepfel Adrian , Pfeifer Roman , Lefering Rolf , Pape Hans-Christoph ,   TraumaRegister DGU
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Purpose
We sought to develop a simple, effective and accurate assessment tool using well-known prognostic parameters to predict mortality and morbidity in severely injured patients with major fractures at the stage of the trauma bay.

Methods
European Data from the TraumaRegister DGU® were queried for patients aged 16 or older and with an ISS of 9 and higher with major fractures. The development (2012–2015) and validation (2016) groups were separated. The four prognostic aspects Age, Head injury, Oxygenation and Circulation along with parameters were identified as having a relevant impact on the outcome of severely injured patients with major fractures. The performance of the score was analyzed with the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve and compared to other trauma scores.

Results
An increasing AdHOC (Age, Head injury, Oxygenation, Circulation) score value in the 17,827 included patients correlated with increasing mortality (0 points = 0.3%, 1 point = 5.3%, 2 points = 15.6%, 3 points = 42.5% and 4 points = 62.6%). With an AUROC of 0.858 for the development (n = 14,047) and 0.877 for the validation (n = 3780) group dataset, the score is superior in performance compared to the Injury Severity Score (0.806/0.815).

Conclusion
The AdHOC score appears to be easy and accessible in every emergency room without the requirement of special diagnostic tools or knowledge of the exact injury pattern and can be useful for the planning of further surgical treatment.
Urothelial toxicity of esketamine in the treatment of depression
Authors: Findeis Hannelore , Sauer Cathrin , Cleare Anthony , Bauer Michael , Ritter Philipp 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Rationale
Ketamine is the first widely used substance with rapid-onset antidepressant action. However, there are uncertainties regarding its potential urothelial toxicity, particularly after repeated application. In the context of rising recreational ketamine use, severe side effects affecting the human urinary tract have been reported. It is assumed that ketamine interacts with bladder urothelial cells and induces apoptosis.

Objectives
This study aimed to assess whether single or repeated doses of esketamine used in an antidepressant indication are associated with urinary toxicity.

Methods
We included male and female inpatients with a current episode of depression and a diagnosis of recurrent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder or schizoaffective disorder according to ICD-10 criteria (n = 25). The esketamine treatment schedule involved a maximum of 3× weekly dosing at 0.25–0.5 mg/kg i.v. or s.c. The primary outcome was the change in urine toxicity markers (leukocytes, erythrocytes, protein and free haemoglobin). Description of demographic, clinical and laboratory data was conducted using means, standard deviations, frequencies and percentages. Changes in urinary toxicity markers over time were evaluated using linear mixed models with gender as a covariate.

Results
The participants received an average of 11.4 (SD 8) esketamine treatments, and an average number of 11.2 (SD 8) urine samples were analysed over the course of treatment. Neither urinary leukocyte concentration (F(20; 3.0) = 3.1; p = 0.2) nor erythrocyte concentration (F(20;2.2) = 4.1; p = 0.2) showed a significant trend towards increase during the course of esketamine treatment. Similarly, free haemoglobin and protein concentrations, which were analysed descriptively, did not display a rise during treatment. There was a significant improvement in depression ratings after esketamine treatment (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
This study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to focus on urothelial toxicity of esketamine used in antidepressant indication and dose. The results indicate that the use of single or repeated doses of esketamine is unlikely to cause urothelial toxicity. The results are in need of confirmation as sample size was small.
Diet and prey preferences of larval and pelagic juvenile Faroe Plateau cod (Gadus morhua)
Authors: Jacobsen Sólvá , Nielsen Kristoffer Klitgaard , Kristiansen Rune , Grønkjær Peter , Gaard Eilif , Steingrund Petur 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe availability of suitable prey during the early life of fish may determine recruitment to the adult population. Since larval and juvenile feeding can be highly selective, their preferences for certain prey species and sizes should be considered when estimating the availability of prey. In this study, diet composition (and prey preferences) of 4984 (1366) Faroe Plateau cod (Gadus morhua) larvae and juveniles between 3 and 63 mm sampled on the central Faroe shelf (62°N, 6.8°W) over an 8-year period was investigated. Cod preyed on successively larger food items as they grew. Yolk-sac larvae consumed phytoplankton, copepod eggs and nauplii before the yolk sac was exhausted. Copepod eggs followed by calanoid nauplii were the predominant and preferred food items in the early larval stage. In the late larval stage these were replaced by small to medium sized (0.6–1.2 mm) copepod species mainly Pseudocalanus sp., Acartia sp. and early stage Calanus finmarchicus, of which the two former species appeared most preferred. Temora longicornis was highly abundant in juvenile cod, but the preference for this species was neutral. Positive selection and high abundance of late stage (≥ 1.5 mm) C. finmarchicus was observed in early juveniles, but C. finmarchicus was replaced by decapod larvae in late juveniles. Other abundant prey species such as Oithona sp. and barnacle larvae occurred in varying numbers in the guts, but were generally not positively selected at any stage. Late larval and early juvenile cod appeared to suffer from unfavourable feeding conditions as they fed on smaller prey than what they prefer potentially indicating bottle necks in the feeding at these development stages.
Telemetry reveals strong effects of offshore wind farms on behaviour and habitat use of common guillemots (Uria aalge) during the breeding season
Authors: Peschko Verena , Mercker Moritz , Garthe Stefan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSeabirds have increasingly encountered offshore wind farms (OWFs) in European waters in the past 10 years, resulting in potential conflicts with offshore foraging areas. During the breeding season, seabirds are restricted in their choice of foraging habitat and are under increased pressure to find enough prey to raise their offspring. However, information on the individual reactions of seabirds towards OWFs during the breeding season is lacking. Three OWFs located 23–35 km north of the island of Helgoland have operated since October 2015. We studied their possible effects on locally breeding common guillemots (Uria aalge) using GPS tracking. GPS tags were deployed on 12 breeding guillemots from Helgoland for 8–26 days during 2016–2017. Most individuals avoided the OWFs, but one individual in each year briefly entered the OWFs on two or three occasions. Using a point process model, we revealed a 63% reduction in the resource selection of the OWF areas compared with the surroundings (lower confidence interval (CI) = 79% reduction, upper CI = 36% reduction). Furthermore, OWF avoidance was increased to 75% when the turbine blades were rotating (lower CI = 93% reduction, upper CI = 11% reduction). Guillemots mainly approached the OWFs from their eastern edge when resting or diving, and rarely approached the areas when commuting. These results provide a detailed description of guillemot reactions to OWFs during the breeding season, and the first comprehensive analysis of OWF effects on this species based on telemetry data. The strong avoidance effect for guillemots during the breeding season indicates the need to consider the presence of OWFs when interpreting future trends in the abundance and breeding success of this species.
Cyclophosphamide for salvage therapy of chronic graft-versus-host disease: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Fante Matthias A. , Holler Barbara , Weber Daniela , Angstwurm Klemens , Bergler Tobias , Holler Ernst , Edinger Matthias , Herr Wolfgang , Wertheimer Tobias , Wolff Daniel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe retrospectively analyzed the safety and efficacy of cyclophosphamide (cyclo) for salvage treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) and cGvHD-associated (glomerulo-)nephritis at our center between 01/2010 and 11/2019. We identified 13 patients (pts) receiving cyclo for treatment of moderate (3/13) and severe (6/13) steroid-refractory cGvHD, cGvHD-associated (glomerulo-)nephritis (3/13), or vasculitis-like CNS manifestation of cGvHD (1/13). Cyclo was started on median day 509 (range 42–8193) after cGvHD onset; the median duration of application was 153 days (range 14–486) with 2/13 currently continuing treatment. The National Institute of Health organ grading and the intensity of immunosuppression (IS) were assessed at cyclo start and repeated after 3, 6, and 12 months. Response assessment was stopped at the start of any additional new IS. The median time of follow up was 407 days (range 86–1534). Best response was 1/13 CR, 6/13 PR, 4/13 SD, 1/13 MR, and 1/13 PD (ORR 54%). Significant and durable response was observed especially in cGvHD-associated (glomerulo-)nephritis (3/3). Infectious complications > CTCAE grade III were observed in 3/12 pts. During cyclo therapy, none of the pts suffered from recurrence of underlying malignancy. Overall, cyclo was relatively well tolerated and showed responses in heavily pretreated patients but requires further evaluation within clinical trials.
Augmented reality for base plate component placement in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a feasibility study
Authors: Kriechling Philipp , Roner Simon , Liebmann Florentin , Casari Fabio , Fürnstahl Philipp , Wieser Karl 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Accurate glenoid positioning in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is important to achieve satisfying functional outcome and prosthesis longevity. Optimal component placement can be challenging, especially in severe glenoid deformities. The use of patient-specific instruments (PSI) and 3D computer-assisted optical tracking navigation (NAV) are already established methods to improve surgical precision. Augmented reality technology (AR) promises similar results at low cost and ease of use. With AR, the planned component placement can be superimposed to the surgical situs and shown directly in the operating field using a head mounted display. We introduce a new navigation technique using AR via head mounted display for surgical navigation in this feasibility study, aiming to improve and enhance the surgical planning.

Methods
3D surface models of ten human scapulae were printed from computed tomography (CT) data of cadaver scapulae. Guidewire positioning of the central back of the glenoid baseplate was planned with a dedicated computer software. A hologram of the planned guidewire with dynamic navigation was then projected onto the 3D-created models of the cadaver shoulders. The registration of the plan to the anatomy was realized by digitizing the glenoid surface and the base of the coracoid with optical tracking using a fiducial marker. After navigated placement of the central guidewires, another CT imaging was recorded, and the 3D model was superimposed with the preoperative planning to analyze the deviation from the planned and executed central guides trajectory and entry point.

Results
The mean deviation of the ten placed guidewires from the planned trajectory was 2.7° ± 1.3° (95% CI 1.9°; 3.6°). The mean deviation to the planned entry point of the ten placed guidewires measured 2.3 mm ± 1.1 mm (95% CI 1.5 mm; 3.1 mm).

Conclusion
AR may be a promising new technology for highly precise surgical execution of 3D preoperative planning in RSA.
Optimising functional outcomes in rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Nocera Fabio , Angehrn Fiorenzo , von Flüe Markus , Steinemann Daniel C. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
By improved surgical technique such as total mesorectal excision (TME), multimodal treatment and advances in imaging survival and an increased rate of sphincter preservation have been achieved in rectal cancer surgery. Minimal-invasive approaches such as laparoscopic, robotic and transanal-TME (ta-TME) enhance recovery after surgery. Nevertheless, disorders of bowel, anorectal and urogenital function are still common and need attention.

Purpose
This review aims at exploring the causes of dysfunction after anterior resection (AR) and the accordingly preventive strategies. Furthermore, the indication for low AR in the light of functional outcome is discussed. The last therapeutic strategies to deal with bowel, anorectal, and urogenital disorders are depicted.

Conclusion
Functional disorders after rectal cancer surgery are frequent and underestimated. More evidence is needed to define an indication for non-operative management or local excision as alternatives to AR. The decision for restorative resection should be made in consideration of the relevant risk factors for dysfunction. In the case of restoration, a side-to-end anastomosis should be the preferred anastomotic technique. Further high-evidence clinical studies are required to clarify the benefit of intraoperative neuromonitoring. While the function of ta-TME seems not to be superior to laparoscopy, case-control studies suggest the benefits of robotic TME mainly in terms of preservation of the urogenital function. Low AR syndrome is treated by stool regulation, pelvic floor therapy, and transanal irrigation. There is good evidence for sacral nerve modulation for incontinence after low AR.
Efficacy and safety of an innovative prolonged-release combination drug in patients with distal renal tubular acidosis: an open-label comparative trial versus standard of care treatments
Authors: Bertholet-Thomas Aurélia , Guittet Catherine , Manso-Silván Maria A. , Castang Arnaud , Baudouin Véronique , Cailliez Mathilde , Di Maio Massimo , Gillion-Boyer Olivia , Golubovic Emilija , Harambat Jérôme , Klein Alexandre , Knebelmann Bertrand , Nobili François , Novo Robert , Podracka Ludmila , Roussey-Kesler Gwenaëlle , Stylianou Christos , Granier Luc-André 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA), due to impaired acid secretion in the urine, can lead to severe long-term consequences. Standard of care (SoC) oral alkalizers, requiring several daily intakes, are currently used to restore normal plasma bicarbonate levels. A new prolonged-release formulation, ADV7103, has been developed to achieve a sustained effect with an improved dosing scheme.

Methods
In a multicenter, open-label, non-inferiority trial (n = 37), patients with dRTA were switched from SoC to ADV7103. Mean plasma bicarbonate values and proportion of responders during steady state therapy with both treatments were compared, as were other blood and urine parameters, as well as acceptability, tolerability, and safety.

Results
When switching from SoC to ADV7103, the number of daily intakes was reduced from a median of three to twice daily. Mean plasma bicarbonate was increased and non-inferiority of ADV7103 was demonstrated (p < 0.0001, per protocol), as was statistical superiority (p = 0.0008, intention to treat [ITT]), and the response rate increased from 43 to 90% with ADV7103 (p < 0.001, ITT). Urine calcium/citrate ratio was reduced below the threshold for risk of lithogenesis with ADV7103 in 56% of previously non-responders with SoC (p = 0.021, ITT). Palatability was improved (difference [95% CI] of 25 [10.7, 39.2] mm) and gastrointestinal discomfort was reduced (difference [95% CI] of − 14.2 [− 25.9, − 2.6] mm) with ADV7103.

Conclusions
Plasma bicarbonate levels and response rate were significantly higher with ADV7103 than with SoC. Urine calcium/citrate ratio, palatability, and gastrointestinal safety were significantly improved, supporting the use of ADV7103 as first-line treatment for dRTA.

Trial registration
Registered as EudraCT 2013-002988-25 on the 1st July 2013
Different approaches to long-term treatment of aHUS due to MCP mutations: a multicenter analysis
Authors: Klämbt Verena , Gimpel Charlotte , Bald Martin , Gerken Christopher , Billing Heiko , Loos Sebastian , Hansen Matthias , König Jens , Vinke Tobias , Montoya Carmen , Lange-Sperandio Bärbel , Kirschstein Martin , Hennies Imke , Pohl Martin , Häffner Karsten 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare, life-threatening microangiopathy, frequently causing kidney failure. Inhibition of the terminal complement complex with eculizumab is the only licensed treatment but mostly requires long-term administration and risks severe side effects. The underlying genetic cause of aHUS is thought to influence the severity of initial and recurring episodes, with milder courses in patients with mutations in membrane cofactor protein (MCP).

Methods
Twenty pediatric cases of aHUS due to isolated heterozygous MCP mutations were reported from 12 German pediatric nephrology centers to describe initial presentation, timing of relapses, treatment, and kidney outcome.

Results
The median age of onset was 4.6 years, with a female to male ratio of 1:3. Without eculizumab maintenance therapy, 50% (9/18) of the patients experienced a first relapse after a median period of 3.8 years. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a relapse-free survival of 93% at 1 year. Four patients received eculizumab long-term treatment, while 3 patients received short courses. We could not show a benefit from complement blockade therapy on long term kidney function, independent of short-term or long-term treatment. To prevent 1 relapse with eculizumab, the theoretical number-needed-to-treat (NNT) was 15 for the first year and 3 for the first 5 years after initial presentation.

Conclusion
Our study shows that heterozygous MCP mutations cause aHUS with a risk of first relapse of about 10% per year, resulting in large NNTs for prevention of relapses with eculizumab. More studies are needed to define an optimal treatment schedule for patients with MCP mutations to minimize the risks of the disease and treatment.
The logic induced by effect algebras
Authors: Chajda Ivan , Halaš Radomír , Länger Helmut 
Published: July 2020

AbstractEffect algebras form an algebraic formalization of the logic of quantum mechanics. For lattice effect algebras $${\mathbf {E}}$$
E
, we investigate a natural implication and prove that the implication reduct of $${\mathbf {E}}$$
E
is term equivalent to $${\mathbf {E}}$$
E
. Then, we present a simple axiom system in Gentzen style in order to axiomatize the logic induced by lattice effect algebras. For effect algebras which need not be lattice-ordered, we introduce a certain kind of implication which is everywhere defined but whose result need not be a single element. Then, we study effect implication algebras and prove the correspondence between these algebras and effect algebras satisfying the ascending chain condition. We present an axiom system in Gentzen style also for not necessarily lattice-ordered effect algebras and prove that it is an algebraic semantics for the logic induced by finite effect algebras.
Modeling and simulation of the IEEE 802.11e wireless protocol with hidden nodes using Colored Petri Nets
Authors: Coronado Estefanía , Valero Valentín , Orozco-Barbosa Luis , Cambronero María-Emilia , Pelayo Fernando L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWireless technologies are continuously evolving, including features such as the extension to mid- and long-range communications and the support of an increasing number of devices. However, longer ranges increase the probability of suffering from hidden terminal issues. In the particular case of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), the use of Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms introduced in IEEE 802.11e compromises scalability, exacerbates the hidden node problem, and creates congestion as the number of users and the variety of services in the network grow. In this context, this paper presents a configurable Colored Petri Net (CPN) model for the IEEE 802.11e protocol with the aim of analyzing the QoS support in mid- and long-range WLANs The CPN model covers the behavior of the protocol in the presence of hidden nodes to examine the performance of the RTS/CTS exchange in scenarios where the QoS differentiation may involve massive collision chains and high delays. Our CPN model sets the basis for further exploring the performance of the various mechanisms defined by the IEEE 802.11 standard. We then use this CPN model to provide a comprehensive study of the effectiveness of this protocol by using the simulation and monitoring capabilities of CPN Tools.
Quantitative analysis of the risk to road networks exposed to slow-moving landslides: a case study in the Campania region (southern Italy)
Authors: Ferlisi Settimio , Marchese Antonio , Peduto Dario 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper shows the results of a study aimed at quantitatively estimating—in terms of direct (repair) costs, at large scale (1:5000)—the slow-moving landslide risk to a road network assumed as undamaged as well as the consequences to the same network in damaged conditions. The newly conceived methodological approaches address some challenging tasks concerning (i) the hazard analysis, which is expressed in terms of probability of occurrence of slow-moving landslides with a given intensity level that, in turn, is established based on empirical fragility curves, and (ii) the consequence analysis, which brings to the generation of time-dependent vulnerability curves. Their applicability is successfully tested in a case study in the Campania region (southern Italy) for which both very high-resolution DInSAR data and information gathered from in situ surveys on the severity of damage sustained by the selected road sections are available. Benefits associated with the use of the obtained results in informed decision-making processes are finally discussed.
Working Towards the Development and Implementation of Precision Mental Healthcare: An Example
Authors: Lutz Wolfgang , Schwartz Brian , Martín Gómez Penedo Juan , Boyle Kaitlyn , Deisenhofer Anne-Katharina 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLeonard Bickman’s (2020) Festschrift paper in the special issue “The Future of Children’s Mental Health Services” on improving mental health services is an impressive reflection of his career, highlighting his major insights and the development of mental health services research as a whole. Five major difficulties in this field’s current research and practice are attentively delineated: poor diagnostics, measurement problems, disadvantages of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), lack of feedback and personalized treatments. Dr. Bickman recommends possible solutions based on his extensive experience and empirical findings. We agree with his thoughts and illustrate how we, challenged with the same problems, have attempted to develop clinically informed research and evidence-based clinical practice. A comprehensive feedback system that deals with the aforementioned problems is briefly described. It includes pre-treatment recommendations for treatment strategies and an empirically informed dropout prediction based on a variety of data sources. In addition to treatment recommendations, continuous feedback as well as individualized treatment adaptation tools are provided during ongoing therapy. New projects are being implemented to further improve the system by including new data assessment strategies and sources, e.g., ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and automated video analysis.