bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling transport of antibiotic resistant bacteria in aquatic environment using stochastic differential equations
Authors: Gothwal Ritu , Thatikonda Shashidhar 
Published: September 2020

AbstractContaminated sites are recognized as the “hotspot” for the development and spread of antibiotic resistance in environmental bacteria. It is very challenging to understand mechanism of development of antibiotic resistance in polluted environment in the presence of different anthropogenic pollutants. Uncertainties in the environmental processes adds complexity to the development of resistance. This study attempts to develop mathematical model by using stochastic partial differential equations for the transport of fluoroquinolone and its resistant bacteria in riverine environment. Poisson’s process is assumed for the diffusion approximation in the stochastic partial differential equations (SPDE). Sensitive analysis is performed to evaluate the parameters and variables for their influence over the model outcome. Based on their sensitivity, the model parameters and variables are chosen and classified into environmental, demographic, and anthropogenic categories to investigate the sources of stochasticity. Stochastic partial differential equations are formulated for the state variables in the model. This SPDE model is then applied to the 100 km stretch of river Musi (South India) and simulations are carried out to assess the impact of stochasticity in model variables on the resistant bacteria population in sediments. By employing the stochasticity in model variables and parameters we came to know that environmental and anthropogenic variations are not able to affect the resistance dynamics at all. Demographic variations are able to affect the distribution of resistant bacteria population uniformly with standard deviation between 0.087 and 0.084, however, is not significant to have any biological relevance to it. The outcome of the present study is helpful in simplifying the model for practical applications. This study is an ongoing effort to improve the model for the transport of antibiotics and transport of antibiotic resistant bacteria in polluted river. There is a wide gap between the knowledge of stochastic resistant bacterial growth dynamics and the knowledge of transport of antibiotic resistance in polluted aquatic environment, this study is one step towards filling up that gap.
Beta oscillations following performance feedback predict subsequent recall of task-relevant information
Authors: HajiHosseini Azadeh , Hutcherson Cendri A. , Holroyd Clay B. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReward delivery in reinforcement learning tasks elicits increased beta power in the human EEG over frontal areas of the scalp but it is unclear whether these 20–30 Hz oscillations directly facilitate reward learning. We previously proposed that frontal beta is not specific to reward processing but rather reflects the role of prefrontal cortex in maintaining and transferring task-related information to other brain areas. To test this proposal, we had subjects perform a reinforcement learning task followed by a memory recall task in which subjects were asked to recall stimuli associated either with reward feedback (Reward Recall condition) or error feedback (Error Recall condition). We trained a classifier on post-feedback beta power in the Reward Recall condition to discriminate trials associated with reward feedback from those associated with error feedback and then tested the classifier on post-feedback beta power in the Error Recall condition. Crucially, the model classified error-related beta in the Error Recall condition as reward-related. The model also predicted stimulus recall from post-feedback beta power irrespective of feedback valence and task condition. These results indicate that post-feedback beta power is not specific to reward processing but rather reflects a more general task-related process.
The role of geography in the complex diffusion of innovations
Authors: Lengyel Balázs , Bokányi Eszter , Di Clemente Riccardo , Kertész János , González Marta C. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe urban–rural divide is increasing in modern societies calling for geographical extensions of social influence modelling. Improved understanding of innovation diffusion across locations and through social connections can provide us with new insights into the spread of information, technological progress and economic development. In this work, we analyze the spatial adoption dynamics of iWiW, an Online Social Network (OSN) in Hungary and uncover empirical features about the spatial adoption in social networks. During its entire life cycle from 2002 to 2012, iWiW reached up to 300 million friendship ties of 3 million users. We find that the number of adopters as a function of town population follows a scaling law that reveals a strongly concentrated early adoption in large towns and a less concentrated late adoption. We also discover a strengthening distance decay of spread over the life-cycle indicating high fraction of distant diffusion in early stages but the dominance of local diffusion in late stages. The spreading process is modelled within the Bass diffusion framework that enables us to compare the differential equation version with an agent-based version of the model run on the empirical network. Although both model versions can capture the macro trend of adoption, they have limited capacity to describe the observed trends of urban scaling and distance decay. We find, however that incorporating adoption thresholds, defined by the fraction of social connections that adopt a technology before the individual adopts, improves the network model fit to the urban scaling of early adopters. Controlling for the threshold distribution enables us to eliminate the bias induced by local network structure on predicting local adoption peaks. Finally, we show that geographical features such as distance from the innovation origin and town size influence prediction of adoption peak at local scales in all model specifications.
Effects of temperature and intrinsic structural defects on mechanical properties and thermal conductivities of InSe monolayers
Authors: Pham Van-Trung , Fang Te-Hua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe conduct molecular dynamics simulations to study the mechanical and thermal properties of monolayer indium selenide (InSe) sheets. The influences of temperature, intrinsic structural defect on the tensile properties were assessed by tensile strength, fracture strain, and Young’s modulus. We found that the tensile strength, fracture strain, and Young’s modulus reduce as increasing temperature. The results also indicate that with the existence of defects, the stress is concentrated at the region around the vacancy leading to the easier destruction. Therefore, the mechanical properties were considerably decreased with intrinsic structural defects. Moreover, Young’s modulus is isotropy in both zigzag and armchair directions. The point defect almost has no influence on Young’s modulus but it strongly influences the ultimate strength and fracture strain. Besides, the effects of temperature, length size, vacancy defect on thermal conductivity (κ) of monolayer InSe sheets were also studied by using none-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The κ significantly arises as increasing the length of InSe sheets. The κ of monolayer InSe with infinite length at 300 K in armchair direction is 46.18 W/m K, while in zigzag direction is 45.87 W/m K. The difference of κ values in both directions is very small, indicating the isotropic properties in thermal conduction of this material. The κ decrease as increasing the temperature. The κ goes down with the number of atoms vacancy defect increases.
Analysis of TabZIP15 transcription factor from Trichoderma asperellum ACCC30536 and its function under pathogenic toxin stress
Authors: Yu Zeyang , Wang Zhiying , Zhang Yuzhou , Wang Yucheng , Liu Zhihua 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe TabZIP15 gene encoding a 396 amino acid (aa) polypeptide in the fungus Trichoderma asperellum ACCC30536 was cloned and characterised. The protein includes a basic region motif (NR-x2-QR-x2-R) and has a pillar-like structure. The 25 basic region/leucine zipper transcription factors (TFs) identified in the T. asperellum genome were divided into YAP (14 TFs), ATF2 (5), GCN4 (2), Zip1 (2), BRLZ (1) and u1 (1) subfamilies based on conserved domains. T. asperellum was cultured in minimal media (MM) control, C-Hungry and N-Hungry medium (to simulate nutrient competition and interaction with pathogens, respectively), and differential expression analysis showed that 14 TabZIP genes (including TabZIP15) were significantly altered under both conditions; TabZIP23 responded strongly to N-Hungry media and TabZIP24 responded strongly to C-Hungry media. However, only YAP genes TabZIP15, TabZIP12 and TabZIP2 were significantly upregulated under both conditions, and expression levels of TabZIP15 were highest. T. asperellum was also cultured in the presence of five fungal pathogenic toxins, and RT-qPCR results showed that TabZIP15 was significantly upregulated in four of the five toxin stress conditions (MM + Rhizoctonia solani, MM + Fusarium oxysporum, MM + Alternaria alternata and MM + Cytospora chrysosperma).
The reliability and heritability of cortical folds and their genetic correlations across hemispheres
Authors: Pizzagalli Fabrizio , Auzias Guillaume , Yang Qifan , Mathias Samuel R. , Faskowitz Joshua , Boyd Joshua D. , Amini Armand , Rivière Denis , McMahon Katie L. , de Zubicaray Greig I. , Martin Nicholas G. , Mangin Jean-François , Glahn David C. , Blangero John , Wright Margaret J. , Thompson Paul M. , Kochunov Peter , Jahanshad Neda 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCortical folds help drive the parcellation of the human cortex into functionally specific regions. Variations in the length, depth, width, and surface area of these sulcal landmarks have been associated with disease, and may be genetically mediated. Before estimating the heritability of sulcal variation, the extent to which these metrics can be reliably extracted from in-vivo MRI must be established. Using four independent test-retest datasets, we found high reliability across the brain (intraclass correlation interquartile range: 0.65–0.85). Heritability estimates were derived for three family-based cohorts using variance components analysis and pooled (total N > 3000); the overall sulcal heritability pattern was correlated to that derived for a large population cohort (N > 9000) calculated using genomic complex trait analysis. Overall, sulcal width was the most heritable metric, and earlier forming sulci showed higher heritability. The inter-hemispheric genetic correlations were high, yet select sulci showed incomplete pleiotropy, suggesting hemisphere-specific genetic influences.
Guest-induced supramolecular chirality transfer in [2]pseudorotaxanes: experimental and computational study
Authors: Wang Hui-Juan , Zhang Hao-Yang , Zhang Heng-Yi , Liu Guoxing , Dai Xianyin , Wu Huang , Liu Yu 
Published: September 2020

We constructed several [2]pseudorotaxanes via chiral binaphthalene crown ethers and achiral ammonium salts, and found that the binaphthalene groups can induce new CD signals only in the [2]pseudorotaxane between the hosts and the guest with anthryl.
Effects of Physiological Arousal on Speech Motor Control and Speech Motor Practice in Preschool-Age Children Who Do and Do Not Stutter
Authors: Tumanova Victoria , Woods Carly , Wang Qiu 
Published: September 2020

PurposeWe examined the effects of physiological arousal on speech motor control and speech motor practice effects in preschool-age children who do (CWS) and do not stutter (CWNS).MethodParticipants included 18 CWS (Mage= 4 years 5 months) and 18 age- and gender-matched CWNS. The participants repeated a phrase “buy bobby a puppy” interspersed with viewing pictures from the International Affective Picture System under two experimental conditions speaking after viewing pictures with (a) negative and (b) neutral valence. Participants' lip movements were tracked using Optotrak system. The spatiotemporal index and mean utterance duration were calculated to examine speech motor control and speech motor practice effects. Skin conductance level was measured during the experimental conditions to assess participants' physiological level of arousal.ResultsPreschool-age CWS demonstrated greater speech movement variability across all conditions and trials than CWNS. Furthermore, the younger participants produced more variable articulatory movements than the older participants. Participants' speech movement variability did not significantly differ between the negative and neutral experimental conditions, and the level of physiological arousal did not have a significant effect on it. There was a nonsignificant trend of decrease in speech movement variability across the repeated trials in both groups. Last, CWS and CWNS did not differ in their mean utterance duration, suggesting that their articulation rate was similar across all conditions and trials.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that, compared to preschool-age CWNS, CWS demonstrate less mature speech motor control. However, present findings do not support the hypothesis that CWS benefit less from motor practice relative to CWNS. Given that our conditions elicited similar levels of arousal in the participants, future research is needed to examine whether physiological arousal disrupts speech motor control in preschool-age children potentially contributing to disruptions of speech fluency and the development of stuttering.
Active area optimisation of film bulk acoustic resonator for improving performance parameters
Authors: Patel R. , Adhikari M.S. , Boolchandani D. 
Published: September 2020

In this Letter, an active area optimisation technique to improve the performance parameters of the film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) is proposed. The active area of the back trench membrane‐based FBAR is optimised to remove the spurious modes, higher harmonic modes, and to confine the acoustic signal at its central part during the resonance. The effect of thickness variation of SiO2 layer on the performance parameters was studied using finite‐element analysis (FEA) simulation. The SiO2 film, on silicon substrate, was used as the support layer and zinc oxide was used as the piezoelectric film for the resonator. The authors have successfully demonstrated the FBAR through FEA for an optimised active area of 320 × 320 µm2, series resonance frequency (f s ) 1.249 GHz, and parallel resonance frequency (f p ) 1.273 GHz with an effective electromechanical coupling coefficient of 4.65%.
Sulphur and carbon isotopes towards Galactic centre clouds
Authors: Humire P. K. , Thiel V. , Henkel C. , Belloche A. , Loison J.-C. , Pillai T. , Riquelme D. , Wakelam V. , Langer N. , Hernández-Gómez A. , Mauersberger R. , Menten K. M. 
Published: September 2020

Context. Measuring isotopic ratios is a sensitive technique used to obtain information on stellar nucleosynthesis and chemical evolution.
Aims. We present measurements of the carbon and sulphur abundances in the interstellar medium of the central region of our Galaxy. The selected targets are the +50 km s−1 Cloud and several line-of-sight clouds towards Sgr B2(N).
Methods. Towards the +50 km s−1 Cloud, we observed the J = 2–1 rotational transitions of 12C32S, 12C34S, 13C32S, 12C33S, and 13C34S, and the J = 3–2 transitions of 12C32S and 12C34S with the IRAM-30 m telescope, as well as the J = 6–5 transitions of 12C34S and 13C32S with the APEX 12 m telescope, all in emission. The J = 2–1 rotational transitions of 12C32S, 12C34S, 13C32S, and 13C34S were observed with ALMA in the envelope of Sgr B2(N), with those of 12C32S and 12C34S also observed in the line-of-sight clouds towards Sgr B2(N), all in absorption.
Results. In the +50 km s−1 Cloud we derive a 12C/13C isotopic ratio of 22.1−2.4+3.3, that leads, with the measured 13C32S/12C34S line intensity ratio, to a 32S/34S ratio of 16.3−2.4+3.0. We also derive the 32S/34S isotopic ratio more directly from the two isotopologues 13C32S and 13C34S, which leads to an independent 32S/34S estimation of 16.3−1.7+2.1 and 17.9 ± 5.0 for the +50 km s−1 Cloud and Sgr B2(N), respectively. We also obtain a 34S/33S ratio of 4.3 ± 0.2 in the +50 km s−1 Cloud.
Conclusions. Previous studies observed a decreasing trend in the 32S/34S isotopic ratios when approaching the Galactic centre. Our result indicates a termination of this tendency at least at a galactocentric distance of 130−30+60 pc. This is at variance with findings based on 12C/13C, 14N/15N, and 18O/17O isotope ratios, where the above-mentioned trend is observed to continue right to the central molecular zone. This can indicate a drop in the production of massive stars at the Galactic centre, in the same line as recent metallicity gradient ([Fe/H]) studies, and opens the work towards a comparison with Galactic and stellar evolution models.
Liver Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide 2 is Associated with Steatosis
in Mice and Humans
Authors: Ma Xiaoming , Xue Xing , Zhang Jingxin , Liang Shuang , Xu Chunfang , Wang Yue , Zhu Jinzhou 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background and Aims Liver expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is
recently identified as a regulator in energy metabolism. This study aims to 1)
investigate the role of leap2 in hepatic steatosis in C57BL/6 mice; 2)
evaluate the association between circulating LEAP2 levels and liver fat contents
in a hospital based case-control study.
Methods The rodent experiment: western blotting and qPCR were performed
to evaluate leap2 levels, lipid metabolism pathways and insulin signaling. shRNA
was used to knockdown leap2. The clinical study: commercial ELISA kits
were used to measure circulating LEAP2 levels (validated by western blotting).
Liver fat content was estimated using MRI-derived proton density fat fraction
and FibroScan-derived controlled attenuation parameter.
Results The rodent experiment found the hepatic expression and secreted
levels of leap2 were increased in mice with diet-induced steatosis. Leap2
knockdown ameliorated steatosis via lipolytic/lipogenic pathway and
improved insulin sensitivity via IRS/AKT signaling. The clinical study
reported increased circulating levels of LEAP2 in the subjects with steatosis.
Moreover, LEAP2 correlated positively with age, body mass index, waist-to-hip
ratio, liver fat content, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, whereas inversely with
acyl-ghrelin. Furthermore, the circulating levels of LEAP2 are dependent on
liver fat content, acyl-ghrelin and fasting glucose. Lastly, circulating LEAP2
is an independent predictor of NAFLD.
Conclusions The study suggests LEAP2 is associated with hepatic
steatosis, which may involve lipolytic/lipogenic pathway and insulin
signaling.
Die Prostataarterienembolisation zur Behandlung des benignen Prostatasyndroms
Authors: Maßmann Alexander , Bücker Arno , Stöckle Michael , Niklas Christina 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Prostataarterienembolisation (PAE) ist ein neuartiges Verfahren zur Therapie des benignen Prostatasyndroms (BPS). Die Etablierung des Verfahrens basiert im Wesentlichen auf dem minimalinvasiven Charakter und der klinisch nachweisbaren Verbesserung der Lebensqualität durch Reduktion der alltäglichen und insbesondere nächtlichen BPS-Symptomatik.
Synthesis of an Azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanone-Containing Inhibitor of NF-κΒ Inducing Kinase via Catalytic C–H Activation
Authors: Crawford James J. , Liao Daohong , Kolesnikov Aleksandr , Lee Wendy , Landry Matthew L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of an azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanone-containing inhibitor of the nuclear factor-κB inducing kinase (NIK) is reported. The initial route to this compound was streamlined from 13 to 7 linear steps through the use of a catalytic, enantioselective C–H activation step. A procedure for lactam oxidation was identified that avoided use of peroxides on scale. These synthetic improvements allowed for the synthesis of multigram quantities of the desired NIK inhibitor for in vivo profiling.
Transition Metal and Inner Transition Metal Catalyzed Amide Derivatives Formation through Isocyanide Chemistry
Authors: Shiri Morteza , Farajinia-Lehi Noushin , Salehi Parvin , Tanbakouchian Zahra 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of amides is a substantial research area in organic chemistry because of their ubiquitous presence in natural products and bioactive molecules. The use of easily accessible isocyanides as amidoyl (carbamoyl) synthons in cross-coupling reactions using transition metal and inner transition metöal catalysts is a current trend in this area. Isocyanides, owing to their coordination ability as a ligand and inherent electronic properties for reactions with various partners, have expanded the potential application of these transformations for the preparation of novel synthetic molecules and pharmaceutical candidates. This review gives an overview of the achievements in isocyanide-based transition metal and inner transition metal catalyzed amide formation and discusses highlights of the proposed distinct mechanisms.1	Introduction2	Synthesis of Arenecarboxamides3	Synthesis of Alkanamides4	Synthesis of Cyclic Amides5	Formation of Alkynamides6	Formation of Acrylamide-like Molecules7	Formation of Ureas and Carbamates8	Conclusion
Oral Health Status among Children with Repaired Esophageal Atresia
Authors: Ozsin-Ozler Cansu , Turgut Melek D. , Uzamis-Tekcicek Meryem , Soyer Tutku 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Introduction Esophageal atresia (EA) is a congenital anomaly, presenting multifactorial etiology. Swallowing problems and gastroesophageal reflux disease may accompany EA, which have adverse effects on oral health.
Materials and Methods In this descriptive study, intraoral examination of the children with repaired EA and of the dental patients without systemic/chronic disease was performed. Dental caries, dental erosion, and halitosis status were evaluated using the International Caries Detection and Evaluation System II, and the Basic Erosive Wear Examination indices as well as the Halimeter, respectively.
Results There were 19 (n = 12 male; n = 7 female) case subjects and 16 (n = 10 male; n = 6 female) control subjects whose age ranged between 14 and 72 months. Among cases, 15 children had dental caries (78.9%; initial caries n = 4, moderate caries n = 4, and extensive caries n = 7). Of the controls, 13 had dental caries (81.2%; initial caries n = 5, moderate caries n = 5, and extensive caries n = 3). Although the median scores of decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft) and decayed, missing, filled surfaces (dmfs)—for primary dentition—were not statistically significantly different between two groups, both dmft and dmfs were found to be higher among the case subjects (p = 0.172 for dmft; p = 0.230 for dmfs). Furthermore, six children with repaired EA had dental abnormalities (in shape, number, or calcification) and six children with repaired EA had dental erosion. The Halimeter measurement was performed for five case children of whom three had oral malodor, and for seven control children of whom two had oral malodor.
Conclusion Regular dental counseling adopting the multidisciplinary team approach for patients with EA is necessary to ensure better general and oral health.