bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Willi Steiner Memorial Lecture 2024
Authors: Wills David 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe 9th Willi Steiner Memorial Lecture took place during the BIALL Annual Conference at the Queens Hotel, Leeds on Thursday 13 June 2024. David Wills delivered the lecture and looked back over the last three decades and reflected on the many changes and challenges, especially with regard to technological developments, that have impacted on the law library and legal information world. His focus then shifted to more recent times and developments in law at a global level and the associated challenges of curating resources and collections to match the wide variety of interests across legal scholarship. The lecture touched on the demands in legal education, changes to publishing models, the financial challenges facing higher education and, most recently, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic that altered research and study patterns, and which accelerated the demand for digital resources. Finally, the lecture looked to the next 30 years and the unstoppable rise of artificial intelligence (AI), in order to determine what AI would mean for the future of law librarianship. The lecture identified the part law librarians and legal information professionals could play concerning AI and how they could help to protect academic integrity.
Daratumumab/lenalidomide/dexamethasone in transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed myeloma: MAIA long-term outcomes
Authors: Facon Thierry , Moreau Philippe , Weisel Katja , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Usmani Saad Z. , Chari Ajai , Plesner Torben , Orlowski Robert Z. , Bahlis Nizar , Basu Supratik , Hulin Cyrille , Quach Hang , O’Dwyer Michael , Perrot Aurore , Jacquet Caroline , Venner Christopher P. , Raje Noopur , Tiab Mourad , Macro Margaret , Frenzel Laurent , Leleu Xavier , Cook Gordon , Wang George , Pei Huiling , Krevvata Maria , Carson Robin , Borgsten Fredrik , Kumar Shaji K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the MAIA study, daratumumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (D-Rd) improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) alone in transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). We report updated efficacy and safety from MAIA (median follow-up, 64.5 months), including a subgroup analysis by patient age (<70, ≥70 to <75, ≥75, and ≥80 years). Overall, 737 transplant-ineligible patients with NDMM were randomized 1:1 to D-Rd or Rd. The primary endpoint, PFS, was improved with D-Rd versus Rd (median, 61.9 vs 34.4 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45–0.67; P < 0.0001). Median OS was not reached in the D-Rd group versus 65.5 months in the Rd group (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53–0.83; P = 0.0003); estimated 60-month OS rates were 66.6% and 53.6%, respectively. D-Rd achieved higher rates of complete response or better (≥CR; 51.1% vs 30.1%), minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity (32.1% vs 11.1%), and sustained MRD negativity (≥18 months: 16.8% vs 3.3%) versus Rd (all P < 0.0001). D-Rd demonstrated clinically meaningful efficacy benefits across age groups. No new safety concerns were observed. Updated results (median follow-up, >5 years) continue to support frontline use of D-Rd in transplant-ineligible patients with NDMM.
FGF21, a modulator of astrocyte reactivity, protects against ischemic brain injury through anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic pathways
Authors: Wang Dong-xue , Huang Wen-ting , Shi Jun-feng , Liu Fei , Jiang Wen-yi , Chen Ke-yang , Zhang Shu-yang , Li Xiao-kun , Lin Li 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a frequent cause of mortality and disability, and astrocyte reactivity is closely associated with injury outcomes. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), an endogenous regulator, has been shown to perform pleiotropic functions in central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, studies on neurological diseases have paid little attention to the effects and detailed mechanisms of FGF21 in astrocytes. Here, we found elevated serum levels of FGF21 in stroke patients and transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mice. In the peri-infarct cortex, microglia and astrocytes serve as sources of FGF21 in addition to neurons. MRI and neurobehavioral assessments of wild-type (WT) and FGF21−/− tMCAO model mice revealed a deteriorated consequence of the loss of FGF21, with exacerbated brain infarction and neurological deficits. Additionally, combined with the pharmacological treatment of WT mice with recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21) after tMCAO, FGF21 was identified to suppress astrocytic activation and astrocyte-mediated inflammatory responses after brain ischemia and participated in controlling the infiltration of peripheral inflammatory cells (including macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells) by modulating chemokines expression (such as Ccl3, Cxcl1, and Cxcl2) in astrocytes. Furthermore, rhFGF21 was shown to boost the production of neurotrophic factors (BDNF and NGF) in astrocytes, and by which rescued neuronal survival and promoted synaptic protein expression (postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1), and synaptophysin) in neurons after ischemic injury. Overall, our findings implicate that FGF21 acts as a suppressor of astrocyte activation, and exerts anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic effects after ischemic brain injury through its action on astrocytes, offering an alternative therapeutic target.
Melphalan-based conditioning with post-transplant cyclophosphamide for peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: donor effect
Authors: Koller Paul B. , Othman Tamer , Yang Dongyun , Mokhtari Sally , Samara Yazeed , Blackmon Amanda , Agrawal Vaibhav , Pourhassan Hoda , Ball Brian J. , Amanam Idoroenyi , Arslan Shukaib , Otoukesh Salman , Sandhu Karamjeet S. , Aldoss Ibrahim , Ali Haris , Salhotra Amandeep , Aribi Ahmed , Artz Andrew , Becker Pamela S. , Pullarkat Vinod , Stewart Forest Marc , Smith Eileen P. , Stein Anthony , Marcucci Guido , Forman Stephen J. , Nakamura Ryotaro , Al Malki Monzr M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Fludarabine and melphalan (FM) conditioning offers effective disease control with an acceptable toxicity profile. Post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis has improved transplant outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed patients receiving FM-based transplants with PTCy at City of Hope. Of 248 patients included, 89 (35.9%) received hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) from a matched related/unrelated donor (MRD/MUD), 118 (47.6%) from a haploidentical (HID) donor, and 49 (19.8%) from a mismatched unrelated donor (MMUD). There were no differences in acute and chronic GVHD based on donor type. The 2-year overall survival (OS) for patients receiving HID, MMUD, and MRD/MUD was 58%, 55%, and 70%; disease-free survival (DFS) was 52%, 48%, and 66%; and graft-versus-host/relapse-free survival (GRFS) were 48%, 40%, and 59%, respectively. OS, DFS, and GRFS were similar regardless of donor type on multivariable analysis. However, donor age ≥35 years was associated with lower OS and GRFS and higher 2-year non-relapse mortality (NRM) on multivariable analysis across all patients, regardless of donor type. FM with PTCy appears to produce similar outcomes between MRD/MUD, MMUD, and HID when adjusting for donors <35 years, and donor age seems to be the most important factor when selecting a donor with this regimen.
Magnetically reshapable 3D multi-electrode arrays of liquid metals for electrophysiological analysis of brain organoids
Authors: Kim Enji , Jeong Eunseon , Hong Yeon-Mi , Jeong Inhea , Kim Junghoon , Kwon Yong Won , Park Young-Geun , Lee Jiin , Choi Suah , Kim Ju-Young , Lee Jae-Hyun , Cho Seung-Woo , Park Jang-Ung 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To comprehend the volumetric neural connectivity of a brain organoid, it is crucial to monitor the spatiotemporal electrophysiological signals within the organoid, known as intra-organoid signals. However, previous methods risked damaging the three-dimensional (3D) cytoarchitecture of organoids, either through sectioning or inserting rigid needle-like electrodes. Also, the limited numbers of electrodes in fixed positions with non-adjustable electrode shapes were insufficient for examining the complex neural activity throughout the organoid. Herein, we present a magnetically reshapable 3D multi-electrode array (MEA) using direct printing of liquid metals for electrophysiological analysis of brain organoids. The adaptable distribution and the softness of these printed electrodes facilitate the spatiotemporal recording of intra-organoid signals. Furthermore, the unique capability to reshape these soft electrodes within the organoid using magnetic fields allows a single electrode in the MEA to record from multiple points, effectively increasing the recording site density without the need for additional electrodes.
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling determines neuroblastoma cell fate and sensitivity to retinoic acid
Authors: Pan Min , Zhang Yinwen , Wright William C. , Liu Xueying , Passaia Barbara , Currier Duane , Low Jonathan , Chapple Richard H. , Steele Jacob A. , Connelly Jon P. , Ju Bensheng , Plyler Emily , Lu Meifen , Loughran Allister J. , Yang Lei , Abraham Brian J. , Pruett-Miller Shondra M. , Freeman Burgess , Campbell George E. , Dyer Michael A. , Chen Taosheng , Stewart Elizabeth , Koo Selene , Sheppard Heather , Easton John , Geeleher Paul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a standard-of-care neuroblastoma drug thought to be effective by inducing differentiation. Curiously, RA has little effect on primary human tumors during upfront treatment but can eliminate neuroblastoma cells from the bone marrow during post-chemo maintenance therapy—a discrepancy that has never been explained. To investigate this, we treat a large cohort of neuroblastoma cell lines with RA and observe that the most RA-sensitive cells predominantly undergo apoptosis or senescence, rather than differentiation. We conduct genome-wide CRISPR knockout screens under RA treatment, which identify bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling as controlling the apoptosis/senescence vs differentiation cell fate decision and determining RA’s overall potency. We then discover that BMP signaling activity is markedly higher in neuroblastoma patient samples at bone marrow metastatic sites, providing a plausible explanation for RA’s ability to clear neuroblastoma cells specifically from the bone marrow, by seemingly mimicking interactions between BMP and RA during normal development.
Structure-based discovery of hydrocarbon-stapled paxillin peptides that block FAK scaffolding in cancer
Authors: Reyes Lauren , Naser Lena , Weiner Warren S. , Thifault Darren , Stahl Erik , McCreary Liam , Nott Rohini , Quick Colton , Buchberger Alex , Alvarado Carlos , Rivera Andrew , Miller Joseph A. , Khatiwala Ruchi , Cherry Brian R. , Nelson Ronald , Martin-Garcia Jose M. , Stephanopoulos Nicholas , Fromme Raimund , Fromme Petra , Cance William , Marlowe Timothy 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The focal adhesion kinase (FAK) scaffold provides FAK-targeted cancer therapeutics with greater efficacy and specificity than traditional kinase inhibitors. The FAK scaffold function largely involves the interaction between FAK’s focal adhesion targeting (FAT) domain and paxillin, ultimately regulating many hallmarks of cancer. We report the design of paxillin LD-motif mimetics that successfully inhibit the FAT-paxillin interaction. Chemical and biochemical screening identifies stapled peptide 1907, a high affinity binder of the FAT four-helix bundle with ~100-fold greater binding affinity than the native LD2-sequence. The X-ray co-crystal structure of the FAT-1907 complex is solved. Myristoylated 1907-analog, peptide 2012, delocalizes FAK from focal adhesions, induces cancer cell apoptosis, reduces in vitro viability and invasion, and decreases tumor burden in B16F10 melanoma female mice. Enzymatic FAK inhibition produces no comparable effects. Herein, we describe a biologically potent therapeutic strategy to target the FAK-paxillin complex, a previously deemed undruggable protein-protein interaction.
Ligand efficacy shifts a nuclear receptor conformational ensemble between transcriptionally active and repressive states
Authors: MacTavish Brian S. , Zhu Di , Shang Jinsai , Shao Qianzhen , He Yuanjun , Yang Zhongyue J. , Kamenecka Theodore M. , Kojetin Douglas J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are thought to dynamically alternate between transcriptionally active and repressive conformations, which are stabilized upon ligand binding. Most NR ligand series exhibit limited bias, primarily consisting of transcriptionally active agonists or neutral antagonists, but not repressive inverse agonists—a limitation that restricts understanding of the functional NR conformational ensemble. Here, we report a NR ligand series for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) that spans a pharmacological spectrum from repression (inverse agonism) to activation (agonism) where subtle structural modifications switch compound activity. While crystal structures provide snapshots of the fully repressive state, NMR spectroscopy and conformation-activity relationship analysis reveals that compounds within the series shift the PPARγ conformational ensemble between transcriptionally active and repressive conformations that are natively populated in the apo/ligand-free ensemble. Our findings reveal a molecular framework for minimal chemical modifications that enhance PPARγ inverse agonism and elucidate their influence on the dynamic PPARγ conformational ensemble.
Highly oxidized products from the atmospheric reaction of hydroxyl radicals with isoprene
Authors: Berndt Torsten , Hoffmann Erik H. , Tilgner Andreas , Herrmann Hartmut 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Isoprene (C5H8) globally accounts for half of the non-methane hydrocarbon flux into Earth´s atmosphere. Its degradation is mainly initiated by the gas-phase reaction with OH radicals yielding a complex system of RO2 radicals. Subsequent product formation is not conclusively understood yet. Here we report the observation of C4- and C5-products from OH + isoprene bearing at least two functional groups. Their production is initiated either by the reaction of initially formed δ-RO2 radicals with NO or by 1,6 H-shift isomerization of Z-δ-RO2 radicals. Both reaction channels also form highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs), which could be important for the generation of secondary organic aerosol. C5H9O8 and C5H9O9 radicals represent the main precursors of closed-shell HOMs. Global simulations revealed that the isoprene-derived HOM-RO2 production is comparable with that of α-pinene, currently regarded as very important HOM source. This study provides a more complete insight into isoprene´s degradation process including the HOM formation.
Molecular dynamics study of grain boundaries as defect sinks under irradiation in LiAlO2 and LiAl5O8
Authors: Roy Ankit , Jiang Weilin , Nandipati Giridhar , Casella Andrew M. , Senor David J. , Soulami Ayoub , Devanathan Ram 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Lithium aluminate ceramics, LiAlO2 and LiAl5O8, show promise in nuclear environments due to their excellent radiation tolerance. Molecular dynamics simulations investigate grain boundaries (GB) and their role in defect evolution. Results reveal that GBs act as efficient defect sinks, with Li and Al atoms exhibiting distinct behaviors during displacement cascades. Tritium migration in LiAlO2 is also studied, showing rapid diffusion and stable configurations with oxygen, corroborated by ab initio simulations from the literature. The calculated tritium diffusion coefficient of 1.33 × 10−¹⁴ m²/s aligns with the literature, validating the model. LiAl5O8 demonstrates superior defect healing compared to LiAlO2, attributed to enhanced atomic transfer between grains and GBs. These findings reveal key insights into defect dynamics, providing essential insights for their application in tritium-producing burnable absorber rods (TPBARs).
Novel co-culture model of T cells and midbrain organoids for investigating neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Gerasimova Elizaveta , Beenen Amke C. , Kachkin Daniil , Regensburger Martin , Zundler Sebastian , Blumenthal David B. , Lutzny-Geier Gloria , Winner Beate , Prots Iryna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that brain infiltration of peripheral immune cells and their interaction with brain-resident cells contribute to Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, mechanisms of T cell-brain cell communication are not fully elucidated and models allowing investigation of interaction between T cells and brain-resident cells are required. In this study, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) model composed of stem cell-derived human midbrain organoids (hMO) and peripheral blood T cells. We demonstrated that organoids consist of multiple midbrain-specific cell types, allowing to study T cell motility and interactions with midbrain tissue in a spatially organized microenvironment. We optimized co-culture conditions and demonstrated that T cells infiltrate hMO tissue, leading to neural cell loss. Our work establishes a novel 3D cell co-culture model as a promising tool to investigate the effect of the adaptive immune system on the midbrain and can be used in future studies to address these processes in the context of PD.
Nellie: automated organelle segmentation, tracking and hierarchical feature extraction in 2D/3D live-cell microscopy
Authors: Lefebvre Austin E. Y. T. , Sturm Gabriel , Lin Ting-Yu , Stoops Emily , López Magdalena Preciado , Kaufmann-Malaga Benjamin , Hake Kayley 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cellular organelles undergo constant morphological changes and dynamic interactions that are fundamental to cell homeostasis, stress responses and disease progression. Despite their importance, quantifying organelle morphology and motility remains challenging due to their complex architectures, rapid movements and the technical limitations of existing analysis tools. Here we introduce Nellie, an automated and unbiased pipeline for segmentation, tracking and feature extraction of diverse intracellular structures. Nellie adapts to image metadata and employs hierarchical segmentation to resolve sub-organellar regions, while its radius-adaptive pattern matching enables precise motion tracking. Through a user-friendly Napari-based interface, Nellie enables comprehensive organelle analysis without coding expertise. We demonstrate Nellie’s versatility by unmixing multiple organelles from single-channel data, quantifying mitochondrial responses to ionomycin via graph autoencoders and characterizing endoplasmic reticulum networks across cell types and time points. This tool addresses a critical need in cell biology by providing accessible, automated analysis of organelle dynamics.
Simulation based scheduling of crew routing with learning and forgetting effects in repetitive projects
Authors: Hegazy Tayseir , Hamdy Khaled , El-Behairy Hatem , Essawy Yasmeen A. S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Line of Balance (LOB) technique is essential for scheduling repetitive projects, offering benefits over the Critical Path Method (CPM) by ensuring consistent workflow and reducing project duration through the learning rate effect. This effect shortens activity durations when the same crew repeats tasks. Consistent crew assignments for each activity are key to maximizing this benefit, as routing crews between activities can disrupt the learning rate momentum. However, crew routing can be cost-effective by lowering indirect costs. This study explores the balance between maintaining distinct crews for each activity and allowing crew routing. Results indicate that while specific crew assignments optimize duration, they require more crews. In contrast, routing reduces the number of crews but extends project duration. The study proposes a simulation approach to optimize crew numbers and movements. However, the study has limitations, as the simulation model must be customized for each specific project, and crew assignments must comply with the model’s requirements.
Atomization of Water Jet in Crossflow via High-Speed Photography
Authors: Fu Benshuai , Xiao Haiyan , Lu Bingju , Li Guanghua , Qin Liping 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The interaction between crossflow and liquid jets is common in engineering applications, such as in gas–steam catapult power systems and supersonic ramjets. Studying the atomization process of liquid jets in crossflow has significant engineering value. In this work, high-speed photography was used. The experimental results indicate that factors such as airflow velocity, temperature, jet velocity, temperature, and nozzle diameter can affect the depth of jet penetration. Considering the influence of various factors, an empirical formula for calculating jet penetration is obtained. The results can support the design of gas–steam catapult propulsion systems and be extended to other applications, such as supersonic ramjets.
Quantitative assessment of Ni+ and He+ ion irradiation damage in a tungsten heavy alloy under the simulated nuclear fusion environment
Authors: Haag James V. , Fu Yucheng , Jiang Weilin , Matthews Bethany E. , Olszta Matthew J. , Edwards Danny J. , Setyawan Wahyu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A 90W-7Ni-3Fe (wt.%) tungsten heavy alloy has been sequentially Ni+ and He+ ion irradiated at 700 °C to simulate the high temperature irradiation environment of a fusion reactor interior. W/Ni–Fe-W dual-phase alloys have been proposed to serve as plasma facing materials and require detailed investigation of their behavior under fusion relevant conditions to assess their overall applicability. To evaluate material performance under five years of simulated fusion reactor service, microstructural characterization of the nanoscale defect distribution has been performed on both constituent phases, revealing peak swelling in the W phase of approximately 0.03%. The γ-phase (Ni–Fe-W) is found to swell approximately 0.68% under the same irradiation conditions, indicating significant cavity formation and growth. Additionally, a novel multi-projection imaging approach has been applied to determine the extent of damage segregation along the dual-phase W-to-γ interface and exposes that these interfaces act as sink sites for the accumulation of cavities. Interphase boundaries are noted to possess an 11.8% areal coverage of defects along the boundary plane, primarily on the γ-phase side of the boundary. The accumulation of cavities at these interphase boundaries is anticipated to adversely affect overall material toughness, and this work reveals a pressing need for mechanical property testing of irradiated W–Ni-Fe dual-phase alloys.