bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embodiment and Emergence: Navigating an Epistemic and Metaphysical Dilemma
Authors: Reynolds Jack 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, I consider a challenge that naturalism poses for embodied cognition and enactivism, as well as for work on phenomenology of the body that has an argumentative or explanatory dimension. It concerns the connection between embodiment and emergence. In the commitment to explanatory holism, and the irreducibility of embodiment to any mechanistic and/or neurocentric construal of the interactions of the component parts, I argue there is (often, if not always) an unavowed dependence on an epistemic and metaphysical role for emergence, especially concerning certain embodied capacities (motor-intentionality, know-how, skilful habits, affordances, etc.). While the problem of emergence is standardly dismissed as a problem for phenomenology, which brackets away the kind of materialist (and scientific) picture from which reflection on emergence derives, I argue that once a phenomenologist takes a fully-fledged embodied turn, they also have a genuine dilemma of emergence to confront, and I evaluate the relevant options.
Circling the Reality of Public Institutions: An e-Delphi Study of Information, Culture, and Community Stakeholders Voicing the Way Forward in Detroit, Michigan
Authors: Welch Celeste 
Published: January 2020

AbstractInformation, culture, and memory centers are increasingly anchored to urban redevelopment projects within historically marginalized communities challenged by contemporary social and economic disparity. This paper situated libraries, archives, and museums within a sociocultural context to examine the role of cultural heritage institutions in gentrification. Librarians, archivists, curators, and community advocates in Detroit, Michigan shared their viewpoints and experiences of gentrification. Using a modified Delphi process, respondents explored the need for policy, service delivery, and programming assessment in a city of color at-risk to gentrification-induced displacement.This mixed research study was implemented using a concurrent triangulation design. A three-round e-Delphi survey (round one: n = 32; round two: n = 31; round three: n = 30) was conducted from May 2017 to August 2017. A panel of experts was selected composed of information, culture, and community workers who practiced: (a) at an anchor institution; (b) in a neighborhood undergoing gentrification; or (c) with community members seeking to stay put in transitioning neighborhoods. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed using inductive analysis and descriptive statistics. A nonparametric statistical test, Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance (W), measured the extent of agreement among the e-Delphi panelists’ rankings of issues and recommendations (identified by the panel members) regarding the role of cultural heritage institutions in gentrification and displacement.Thirty panel members (93%) in the first round of the survey indicated that it was important for cultural heritage institutions to assess if revitalization partnerships contributed to gentrification-induced displacement. The panel generated 25 propositions in the second round of survey, which they ranked in the third and final round of the survey. Kendall’s W for the rank ordering of the five most important issues (W = 0.008; X2 = 15.815; df = 6; p = 0.015) and ten most important recommendations (W = 0.050; X2 = 24.467; df = 17; p = 0.085) indicated a very weak level of agreement. The implication of this finding suggested a need for further exploration. This study adds to the global investigation on the role of cultural heritage institutions in gentrification and displacement and contributes to an emerging body of knowledge in cultural heritage informatics in the U.S.
Coupled system of a fractional order differential equations with weighted initial conditions
Authors: El-Sayed Ahmed M. A. , Abd El-Salam Sheren A. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Here, a coupled system of nonlinear weighted Cauchy-type problem of a diffre-integral equations of fractional order will be considered. We study the existence of at least one integrable solution of this system by using Schauder fixed point Theorem. The continuous dependence of the uniqueness of the solution is proved.
A preconditioned AOR iterative scheme for systems of linear equations with L-matrics
Authors: Wang Hongjuan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper we investigate theoretically and numerically the new preconditioned method to accelerate over-relaxation (AOR) and succesive over-relaxation (SOR) schemes, which are used to the large sparse linear systems. The iterative method that is usually measured by the convergence rate is an important method for solving large linear equations, so we focus on the convergence rate of the different preconditioned iterative methods. Our results indicate that the proposed new method is highly effective to improve the convergence rate and it is the best one in three preconditioned methods that are revealed in the comparison theorems and numerical experiment.
On a fixed point theorem with application to functional equations
Authors: Nazam Muhammad , Arshad Muhammad , Park Choonkil , Mahmood Hasan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study behavior of a rational type contraction introduced in [A fixed point theorem for contractions of rational type in partially ordered metric spaces, Ann. Univ. Ferrara, 2013, 59, 251–258] in context of ordered dualistic partial metric spaces and to investigate sufficient conditions for the existence of a fixed point in this space. These results extend various comparable results, existing in the literature. We give examples to explain our findings. We apply our result to prove the existence of the solution of functional equation.
Frequency Domain Causality Relationship Analysis Between Poverty, Economic Growth and Financial Development in Algeria
Authors: Hicham Ayad , Mostefa Belmokaddem , Eddin Sari Hassoun Salah 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Since the previous periods, poverty reduction has been a big concern for many countries especially in developing countries like Algeria; in this paper, we shall explore the causal relationship between poverty reduction, economic growth and financial development in Algeria during the period of 1970-2017, the aim of this research is to answer the question which sector causes the poverty reduction: real sector or financial sector? Therefore, we employed the modern frequency domain causality presented by Breitung and Candelon (2006) with a comparison with the time domain causality under Lutkepohl (2006) procedure, the results suggest that there is unidirectional causality running from the real sector (economic growth) to poverty rates in the short and long run terms, also, we found that there is an unidirectional causality running from the financial sector to poverty rates only in the long run term, while another causality running from poverty rates to the financial sector but in the short run term. This article aims at contributing to enlarge the literature review by utilizing the frequency domain causality in the field of poverty studies because of its effectiveness to test the causalities in different frequencies.
Potential Impact of Virtual Touching on Endowment and Feelings of Ownership. A Literature Review of Concepts and Scales
Authors: Ştir Mihaela , Zaiţ Adriana 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOnline sales increase at incredible paces, all over the world, and so are corresponding marketing efforts. One of the main deterrents of online selling is related to the impossibility of trying or touching products before taking the decision to buy. Previous studies on offline environments have proved that touching products makes people develop a feeling of ownership, a psychological sense of property that has positive consequences on their intention and decision to buy those products. Similar effects, adapted for the online environments, were less investigated, but the very few existent studies suggest that virtually touching a product through tactile interfaces (smartphone, iPad, tablet etc.) could be as important for consumer decisions as the content of the site and product information. Virtual touching could serve as emotional triggers, leading to feelings of ownership and endowment effects in online marketing. However, defining the concept of “virtual touching” is difficult – even the simple association of “touch” and “virtual” seems oximoronic.The purpose of the present study – a literature review type – is to investigate the tactile based creative online marketing, in order to conceptualize and operationalize the variable „virtual touching”, thus being able to further suggest a research design which would enable us to measure the impact of online „touching” on consumer behaviour. The main analysed constructs related to virtual touching are: endowment effect, psychological ownership, haptic advertising, sensory online marketing, haptic imagery, haptic technology, reverse electrovibration.
Actin-Binding Protein Cortactin Promotes Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Supporting Leukocyte Infiltration into the Central Nervous System
Authors: Samus Maryna , Li Yu-Tung , Sorokin Lydia , Rottner Klemens , Vestweber Dietmar 
Published: January 2020

Leukocyte entry into the central nervous system (CNS) is essential for immune surveillance but is also the basis for the development of pathologic inflammatory conditions within the CNS, such as multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The actin-binding protein, cortactin, in endothelial cells is an important player in regulating the interaction of immune cells with the vascular endothelium. Cortactin has been shown to control the integrity of the endothelial barrier and to support neutrophil transendothelial migrationin vitroandin vivoin the skin. Here we use cortactin gene-inactivated male and female mice to study the role of this protein in EAE. Inducing EAE by immunization with a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG35–55) revealed an ameliorated disease course in cortactin gene-deficient female mice compared with WT mice. However, proliferation capacity and expression of IL-17A and IFNγ by cortactin-deficient and WT splenocytes did not differ, suggesting that the lack of cortactin does not affect induction of the immune response. Rather, cortactin deficiency caused decreased vascular permeability and reduced leukocyte infiltration into the brains and spinal cords of EAE mice. Accordingly, cortactin gene-deficient mice had smaller numbers of proinflammatory cuffs, less extensive demyelination, and reduced expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines within the neural tissue compared with WT littermates. Thus, cortactin contributes to the development of neural inflammation by supporting leukocyte transmigration through the blood–brain barrier and, therefore, represents a potential candidate for targeting CNS autoimmunity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMultiple sclerosis is an autoimmune neuroinflammatory disorder, based on the entry of inflammatory leukocytes into the CNS where these cells cause demyelination and neurodegeneration. Here, we use a mouse model for multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and show that gene inactivation of cortactin, an actin binding protein that modulates actin dynamics and branching, protects against neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Leukocyte infiltration into the CNS was inhibited in cortactin-deficient mice, and lack of cortactin in cultured primary brain endothelial cells inhibited leukocyte transmigration. Expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the CNS and induction of vascular permeability were reduced. We conclude that cortactin represents a novel potential target for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Maternal Experience-Dependent Cortical Plasticity in Mice Is Circuit- and Stimulus-Specific and Requires MECP2
Authors: Lau Billy Y.B. , Krishnan Keerthi , Huang Z. Josh , Shea Stephen D. 
Published: January 2020

The neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in the geneMecp2. Misexpression of the protein MECP2 is thought to contribute to neuropathology by causing dysregulation of plasticity. Female heterozygousMecp2mutants (Mecp2het) failed to acquire a learned maternal retrieval behavior when exposed to pups, an effect linked to disruption of parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons (PV) in the auditory cortex. Nevertheless, how dysregulated PV networks affect the neural activity dynamics that underlie auditory cortical plasticity during early maternal experience is unknown. Here we show that maternal experience in WT adult female mice (WT) triggers suppression of PV auditory responses. We also observe concomitant disinhibition of auditory responses in deep-layer pyramidal neurons that is selective for behaviorally relevant pup vocalizations. These neurons further exhibit sharpened tuning for pup vocalizations following maternal experience. All of these neuronal changes are abolished inMecp2het, suggesting that they are an essential component of maternal learning. This is further supported by our finding that genetic manipulation of GABAergic networks that restores accurate retrieval behavior inMecp2hetalso restores maternal experience-dependent plasticity of PV. Our data are consistent with a growing body of evidence that cortical networks are particularly vulnerable to mutations ofMecp2in PV neurons. Moreover, our work links, for the first time, impairedin vivocortical plasticity in awakeMecp2mutant animals to a natural, ethologically relevant behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRett syndrome is a genetic disorder that includes language communication problems. Nearly all Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene that produces the protein MECP2, which is important for changes in brain connectivity believed to underlie learning. We previously showed that femaleMecp2mutants fail to learn a simple maternal care behavior performed in response to their pups' distress cries. This impairment appeared to critically involve inhibitory neurons in the auditory cortex called parvalbumin neurons. Here we record from these neurons before and after maternal experience, and we show that they adapt their response to pup calls during maternal learning in nonmutants, but not in mutants. This adaptation is partially restored by a manipulation that improves learning.
Blockage of NMDA- and GABA(A) Receptors Improves Working Memory Selectivity of Primate Prefrontal Neurons
Authors: Rodermund Paul , Westendorff Stephanie , Nieder Andreas 
Published: January 2020

The ongoing activity of prefrontal neurons after a stimulus has disappeared is considered a neuronal correlate of working memory. It depends on the delicate but poorly understood interplay between excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory GABAergic receptor effects. We administered the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 and the GABA(A) receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide while recording cellular activity in PFC of male rhesus monkeys performing a delayed decision task requiring working memory. The blockade of GABA(A) receptors strongly improved the selectivity of the neurons' delay activity, causing an increase in signal-to-noise ratio during working memory periods as well as an enhancement of the neurons' coding selectivity. The blockade of NMDA receptors resulted in a slight enhancement of selectivity and encoding capacity of the neurons. Our findings emphasize the delicate and more complex than expected interplay of excitatory and inhibitory transmitter systems in modulating working memory coding in prefrontal circuits.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOngoing delay activity of prefrontal neurons constitutes a neuronal correlate of working memory. However, how this delay activity is generated by the delicate interplay of synaptic excitation and inhibition is unknown. We probed the effects of excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in regulating delay activity in rhesus monkeys performing a delayed decision task requiring working memory. Surprisingly, the blockade of both glutamatergic NMDA and GABA(A) receptors improved neuronal selectivity of delay activity, causing an increase in neuronal signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, individual neurons were similarly affected by blockade of both receptors. This emphasizes the delicate and more complex than expected interplay of excitatory and inhibitory transmitter systems in modulating working memory coding in prefrontal circuits.
Blocking the Thrombin Receptor Promotes Repair of Demyelinated Lesions in the Adult Brain
Authors: Yoon Hyesook , Choi Chan-Il , Triplet Erin M. , Langley Monica R. , Kleppe Laurel S. , Kim Ha Neui , Simon Whitney L. , Scarisbrick Isobel A. 
Published: January 2020

Myelin loss limits neurological recovery and myelin regeneration and is critical for restoration of function. We recently discovered that global knock-out of the thrombin receptor, also known as Protease Activated Receptor 1 (PAR1), accelerates myelin development. Here we demonstrate that knocking out PAR1 also promotes myelin regeneration. Outcomes in two unique models of myelin injury and repair, that is lysolecithin or cuprizone-mediated demyelination, showed that PAR1 knock-out in male mice improves replenishment of myelinating cells and remyelinated nerve fibers and slows early axon damage. Improvements in myelin regeneration in PAR1 knock-out mice occurred in tandem with a skewing of reactive astrocyte signatures toward a prorepair phenotype. In cell culture, the promyelinating effects of PAR1 loss of function are consistent with possible direct effects on the myelinating potential of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), in addition to OPC-indirect effects involving enhanced astrocyte expression of promyelinating factors, such as BDNF. These findings highlight previously unrecognized roles of PAR1 in myelin regeneration, including integrated actions across the oligodendrocyte and astroglial compartments that are at least partially mechanistically linked to the powerful BDNF-TrkB neurotrophic signaling system. Altogether, findings suggest PAR1 may be a therapeutically tractable target for demyelinating disorders of the CNS.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTReplacement of oligodendroglia and myelin regeneration holds tremendous potential to improve function across neurological conditions. Here we demonstrate Protease Activated Receptor 1 (PAR1) is an important regulator of the capacity for myelin regeneration across two experimental murine models of myelin injury. PAR1 is a G-protein-coupled receptor densely expressed in the CNS, however there is limited information regarding its physiological roles in health and disease. Using a combination of PAR1 knock-out mice, oligodendrocyte monocultures and oligodendrocyte-astrocyte cocultures, we demonstrate blocking PAR1 improves myelin production by a mechanism related to effects across glial compartments and linked in part to regulatory actions toward growth factors such as BDNF. These findings set the stage for development of new clinically relevant myelin regeneration strategies.
Poetical patterns in Nichita Stănescu’s poems
Authors: Roiniță Alina 
Published: January 2020

Through our study we have established a potential pattern of analysis over the aspect of poetical language. The theme was determined by the purpose of implementing the particular linguistic model created by N. Stănescu, which we call the nichitastănescu pattern. We exemplified the model by identifying the compositional values and the structures that contribute to the creation of a linguistic frame built to measure the main semantics, through which the poetical language is internalized and aestheticized. We also use a specific poetical construction model based on the triadic analysis pattern proposed by the French semiotics group entitled Groupe μ, in their collective work Rhétorique de la poésie: lecture linéaire, lecture tabulaire, published in 1977. The value of this study consists in a detailed view over the textual dimensions of expressiveness and significations in the poetical language used by Nichita Stănescu. Throughout his lyrics, the named poet reveals the uniqueness of his specific poetical language in contrast with other Romanian poets.
How successful was Joseph Stalin in establishing Soviet Union as a superpower?
Authors: Majkowski Jakub 
Published: January 2020

This essay will firstly address the extent of Stalin’s achievements in leading the course for domestic policy of the Soviet Union and its contribution towards maintaining the country’s supremacy in the world, for example the rapid post-war recovery of industry and agriculture, and secondly, the foreign policy including ambiguous relations with Communist governments of countries forming the Eastern Bloc, upkeeping frail alliances and growing antagonism towards western powers, especially the United States of America.

The actions and influence of Stalin’s closest associates in the Communist Party and the effect of Soviet propaganda on the society are also reviewed. This investigation will cover the period from 1945 to 1953.
Additionally, other factors such as the impact of post-war worldwide economic situation and attitude of the society of Soviet Union will be discussed.
An interdisciplinary genre in the Theological Literature: the spiritual autobiography and its landmarks for the Orthodox space
Authors: Morariu Iuliu-Marius 
Published: January 2020

Aim/Thesis. Important for all the Christian confessions, spiritual autobiography has, unfortunately until now, been insufficiently investigated and highlighted by contemporary researchers.
Concept/Methods. Therefore, using information from sources like Confessions of Saint Augustin, but also recent works like the one of Saint Silouan from Athos, Saint John of Kronstadt or Nicolas Berdiaev, using these representative sources for the Orthodox sphere and other volumes, studies and articles, we will try to analyse this genre, to emphasise its interdisciplinary valences, and to show which are landmarks in the Orthodox sphere. We will also try to present its particularities here, its common points with other confessional spheres (Catholic or Protestant), and its practical importance for the Christian life. The information provided by the aforementioned sources will be investigated using deductive, analytic, and inductive methods (and also, the narrative one when the situation will request it).
Results and conclusion. The investigation will show to the reader why, despite of the fact that is a peripheral genre of Theological literature, spiritual autobiography is important for investigation and it helps to create bridges between different spiritualties and investigation domains, but also its potential practical use.
Originality/Cognitive value. The analysis is also important because there we will show that, a long time before the rediscovering of subjectivism and subjectivity in literature (which happened in the 20th century, with Modernism), in the theological space this topic was not only known but also valorised in this genre. As methods, we will both use the deductive and the analytic, but we will also not neglect the narrative one.