bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Walking cadence (steps/min) and intensity in 41 to 60-year-old adults: the CADENCE-adults study
Authors: Tudor-Locke Catrine , Ducharme Scott W. , Aguiar Elroy J. , Schuna John M. , Barreira Tiago V. , Moore Christopher C. , Chase Colleen J. , Gould Zachary R. , Amalbert-Birriel Marcos A. , Mora-Gonzalez Jose , Chipkin Stuart R. , Staudenmayer John 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
In younger adults (i.e., those < 40 years of age) a walking cadence of 100 steps/min is a consistently supported threshold indicative of absolutely-defined moderate intensity ambulation (i.e., ≥ 3 metabolic equivalents; METs). Less is known about the cadence-intensity relationship in adults of middle-age.

Purpose
To establish heuristic (i.e., evidence-based, practical, rounded) cadence thresholds for absolutely-defined moderate (3 METs) and vigorous (6 METs) intensity in adults 41 to 60 years of age.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 80 healthy adults of middle-age (10 men and 10 women representing each 5-year age-group between 41 to 60 years; body mass index = 26.0 ± 4.0 kg/m2) walked on a treadmill for 5-min bouts beginning at 0.5 mph and increasing in 0.5 mph increments. Performance termination criteria included: 1) transitioning to running, 2) reaching 75% of age-predicted maximum heart rate, or 3) reporting a Borg rating of perceived exertion > 13. Cadence was directly observed (i.e., hand tallied). Intensity (i.e., oxygen uptake [VO2] mL/kg/min) was assessed with an indirect calorimeter and converted to METs (1 MET = 3.5 mL/kg/min). A combination of segmented regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) modeling approaches was used to identify optimal cadence thresholds. Final heuristic thresholds were determined based on an evaluation of classification accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, overall accuracy).

Results
The regression model identified 101.7 (95% Predictive Interval [PI]: 54.9–110.6) and 132.1 (95% PI: 122.0–142.2) steps/min as optimal cadence thresholds for 3 METs and 6 METs, respectively. Corresponding values based on ROC models were 98.5 (95% Confidence Intervals [CI]: 97.1–104.9) and 117.3 (95% CI: 113.1–126.1) steps/min. Considering both modeling approaches, the selected heuristic thresholds for moderate and vigorous intensity were 100 and 130 steps/min, respectively.

Conclusions
Consistent with our previous report in 21 to 40-year-old adults, cadence thresholds of 100 and 130 steps/min emerged as heuristic values associated with 3 and 6 METs, respectively, in 41 to 60-year-old adults. These values were selected based on their utility for public health messaging and on the trade-offs in classification accuracy parameters from both statistical methods. Findings will need to be confirmed in older adults and in free-living settings.
Investigation of circulating lncRNAs as potential biomarkers in chronic respiratory diseases
Authors: Gál Zsófia , Gézsi András , Semsei Ágnes F. , Nagy Adrienne , Sultész Monika , Csoma Zsuzsanna , Tamási Lilla , Gálffy Gabriella , Szalai Csaba 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn the present study the blood expression level of inflammatory response and autoimmunity associated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were compared in patients with different chronic respiratory diseases and investigated whether they could be used as biomarkers in these diseases.MethodsIn the discovery cohort, the gene expression level of 84 lncRNAs were measured in the blood of 24 adult patients including healthy controls and patients with asthma and COPD. In the replication cohort the expression of 6 selected lncRNAs were measured in 163 subjects including healthy controls and adults with allergic rhinitis, asthma, COPD and children with asthma. It was evaluated whether these lncRNAs can be used as diagnostic biomarkers for any studied disease. With systems biology analysis the biological functions of the selected lncRNAs were predicted.ResultsIn the discovery cohort, the mean expression of 27 lncRNAs showed nominally significant differences in at least one comparison.OIP5-AS1, HNRNPU, RP11-325K4.3, JPX, RP11-282O18.3, MZF1-AS1were selected for measurement in the replication cohort. Three lncRNAs (HNRNPU, RP11-325K4.3, JPX) expressed significantly higher in healthy children than in adult controls. All the mean expression level of the 6 lncRNAs differed significantly between adult allergic rhinitis patients and controls.RP11-325K4.3, HNRNPUandOIP5-AS1expressed higher in allergic asthma than in non-allergic asthma. COPD and asthma differed in the expression ofRP11-325K4.3from each other. In examining of the lncRNAs as biomarkers the weighted accuracy (WA) values were especially high in the comparison of healthy controls and patients with allergic rhinitis.OIP5-AS1andJPXachieved 0.98 and 0.9 WA values, respectively, and the combination of the selected lncRNAs also resulted in a high performance (WA = 0.98). Altogether,OIP5-AS1had the highest discriminative power in case of three out of six comparisons.ConclusionDifferences were detected in the expression of circulating lncRNAs in chronic respiratory diseases. Some of these differences might be utilized as biomarkers and also suggest a possible role of these lncRNAs in the pathomechanism of these diseases. The lncRNAs and the associated pathways are potential therapeutic targets in these diseases, but naturally additional studies are needed for the confirmation of these results.
Determinants of placental iodine concentrations in a mild-to-moderate iodine-deficient population: an ENVIRONAGE cohort study
Authors: Neven Kristof Y. , Cox Bianca , Vrijens Karen , Plusquin Michelle , Roels Harry A. , Ruttens Ann , Nawrot Tim S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Iodine is an essential trace element for the production of thyroid hormones, and plays a key role during the gestational period for optimal foetal growth and (neuro-)development. To this day, iodine deficiency remains a global burden. Previous studies indicate that the placenta can store iodine in a concentration-dependent manner and serve as a long-term storage supply, but studies on the determinants of long-term placental iodine load are limited.

Methods
The placental iodine concentrations were determined for 462 mother-neonate pairs from the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort (Limburg, Belgium). Sociodemographic and clinical variables were obtained from questionnaires and medical files. Determinants of placental iodine concentration were identified using stepwise multiple regression procedures (p value < 0.15). The biological significance of our findings was investigated by measuring the plasma thyroid hormones in maternal and cord blood of 378 participants.

Results
A higher pre-pregnancy BMI, higher gestational weight gain, and alcohol consumption during pregnancy were linked with lower placental iodine storage. Multi-vitamin supplementation during pregnancy and longer gestation were associated with higher levels of placental iodine. Children born during the winter period had on average higher placental iodine levels. Besides, we found a significant positive time trend for placental iodine load over the study period 2013 to 2017. Lastly, we observed positive associations of both the maternal and cord plasma thyroxine concentrations with placental iodine load, emphasizing their biological link.

Conclusions
This study identified some determinants likely presenting a risk of reduced iodine storage during the gestational period of life. Future studies should elucidate the effects of lower placental iodine load on neonatal health, and health later in life.
MicroRNA-497-5p stimulates osteoblast differentiation through HMGA2-mediated JNK signaling pathway
Authors: Zhao Huiqing , Yang Yexiang , Wang Yang , Feng Xiaolei , Deng Adi , Ou Zhaolan , Chen Biying 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Osteoporosis (OP) has the characteristics of the decline in bone mineral density and worsening of bone quality, contributing to a higher risk of fractures. Some microRNAs (miRNAs) have been validated as possible mediators of osteoblast differentiation. We herein aimed to clarify whether miR-497-5p regulates the differentiation of osteoblasts in MC3T3-E1 cells.

Methods
The expression of miR-497-5p in OP patients and controls was measured by RT-qPCR, and its expression changes during osteoblast differentiation were determined as well. The effects of miR-497-5p on the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells were studied using MTT, ALR staining, and ARS staining. The target gene of miR-497-5p was predicted by TargetScan, and the effects of its target gene on differentiation and the pathway involved were investigated.

Results
miR-497-5p expressed poorly in OP patients, and its expression was upregulated during MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation. Overexpression of miR-497-5p promoted mineralized nodule formation and the expression of RUNX2 and OCN. miR-497-5p targeted high mobility group AT-Hook 2 (HMGA2), while the upregulation of HMGA2 inhibited osteogenesis induced by miR-497-5p mimic. miR-497-5p significantly impaired the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, whereas HMGA2 activated this pathway. Activation of the JNK pathway inhibited the stimulative role of miR-497-5p mimic in osteogenesis.

Conclusions
miR-497-5p inhibits the development of OP by promoting osteogenesis via targeting HMGA2.
Effects of contact stress on patellarfemoral joint and quadriceps force in fixed and mobile-bearing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kwon Hyuck Min , Lee Jin-Ah , Koh Yong-Gon , Park Kwan Kyu , Kang Kyoung-Tak 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an effective treatment for end-stage, symptomatic unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee joint. However, patellofemoral joint degeneration is a contraindication to medial UKA. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical effect of medial UKA using fixed-bearing (FB) and mobile-bearing (MB) design prostheses on the patellofemoral joint.MethodsA three-dimensional finite-element model of a normal knee joint was developed using medical image data. We performed statistical analysis for each model. The differences in contact stress on the patellofemoral joint and the quadriceps force between the FB and MB designs were evaluated under a deep-knee-bend condition.ResultsAt an early flexion angle, the results of contact stress showed no significant difference between the FB and MB medial UKA models compared with the intact model. However, at high flexion angles, we observed a significant increase in contact stress with the FB models compared with the intact model. On the contrary, in the case of the MB models, we found no statistically significant increment compared with the intact model. A larger quadriceps force was needed to produce an identical flexion angle for both the FB and MB UKA designs than for the intact model. At high flexion angles, a significant increase quadriceps force whit the FB model compared with the intact model.ConclusionsOur results indicate that with medial UKA, the contact stress increased and greater quadriceps force was applied to the patellofemoral joint. However, performing UKA on a patellofemoral joint with osteoarthritis should not be difficult, unless anterior knee pain is present, because the increase in contact stress is negligible.
Neuronal activity regulates alternative exon usage
Authors: Denkena Johanna , Zaisser Andrea , Merz Barbara , Klinger Bertram , Kuhl Dietmar , Blüthgen Nils , Hermey Guido 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Neuronal activity-regulated gene transcription underlies plasticity-dependent changes in the molecular composition and structure of neurons. A large number of genes regulated by different neuronal plasticity inducing pathways have been identified, but altered gene expression levels represent only part of the complexity of the activity-regulated transcriptional program. Alternative splicing, the differential inclusion and exclusion of exonic sequence in mRNA, is an additional mechanism that is thought to define the activity-dependent transcriptome. Here, we present a genome wide microarray-based survey to identify exons with increased expression levels at 1, 4 or 8 h following neuronal activity in the murine hippocampus provoked by generalized seizures. We used two different bioinformatics approaches to identify alternative activity-induced exon usage and to predict alternative splicing, ANOSVA (ANalysis Of Splicing VAriation) which we here adjusted to accommodate data from different time points and FIRMA (Finding Isoforms using Robust Multichip Analysis). RNA sequencing, in situ hybridization and reverse transcription PCR validate selected activity-dependent splicing events of previously described and so far undescribed activity-regulated transcripts, including Homer1a, Homer1d, Ania3, Errfi1, Inhba, Dclk1, Rcan1, Cda, Tpm1 and Krt75. Taken together, our survey significantly adds to the comprehensive understanding of the complex activity-dependent neuronal transcriptomic signature. In addition, we provide data sets that will serve as rich resources for future comparative expression analyses.
MiR-7e-5p downregulation promotes transformation of low-grade follicular lymphoma to aggressive lymphoma by modulating an immunosuppressive stroma through the upregulation of FasL in M1 macrophages
Authors: Lou Xiaoli , Fu Jianhong , Zhao Xin , Zhuansun Xuemei , Rong Chao , Sun Maomin , Niu Hui , Wu Lei , Zhang Yongsheng , An Lu , Guo Lingchuan , Wan Shan , Wang Shouli 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
In follicular lymphoma (FL), histologic transformation to high-grade FL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a critical adverse step in disease progression. Activation of the oncogene c-MYC and tumor microenvironment remodeling account for FL progression. A panel of microRNA (miRNA) was downregulated in transformed FL (tFL).

Methods
Differentially expressed miRNAs were systematically compared in 11 lymph nodes from patients at different stages of disease. Expression of miR-7e-5p was analyzed in 46 B-cell lymphomas, including 30 FL tissues and 16 DLBCL tissues. In FL cells, transcriptional regulation of the oncogene c-MYC on its target miR-7e-5p was revealed by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Exosome, carrying differentially expressed miR-7e-5p was isolated and visualized by transmission electron microscope and fluorescence tracing. The effect of miR-7e-5p on recipient macrophage was determined by target gene quantification, flow cytometry, and TUNEL method in a cocultured system with miR-7e-5p-mimics or inhibitors treatment. Expression of miR-7e-5p targets, macrophage proportions, and clinical parameters were included for correlation analysis.

Results
We determined that downregulation of miR-7e-5p, driven by c-MYC overexpression, was associated with poorer prognosis in FL patients. The decreased expression of miR-7e-5p in lymphoma cells led to a reduced exosomal transfer to surrounding macrophages. As a result, the target gene of miR-7e-5p, Fas ligand (FasL), was upregulated and activated the caspase signaling, which led to the apoptosis of M1 macrophages in tumor stroma. Finally, in transformed FL tissues, overexpression of FasL and activation of caspase proteins was detected in tumor stromal macrophages. Downregulation of miR-7e-5p was associated with poorer clinical outcomes.

Conclusion
Downregulation of exosomal miR-7e-5p induces stromal M1 macrophage apoptosis, which leads to immunosurveillance and transformation of FL.
Direct application of an ECG-based sleep staging algorithm on reflective photoplethysmography data decreases performance
Authors: van Gilst M. M. , Wulterkens B. M. , Fonseca P. , Radha M. , Ross M. , Moreau A. , Cerny A. , Anderer P. , Long X. , van Dijk J. P. , Overeem S. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
The maturation of neural network-based techniques in combination with the availability of large sleep datasets has increased the interest in alternative methods of sleep monitoring. For unobtrusive sleep staging, the most promising algorithms are based on heart rate variability computed from inter-beat intervals (IBIs) derived from ECG-data. The practical application of these algorithms is even more promising when alternative ways of obtaining IBIs, such as wrist-worn photoplethysmography (PPG) can be used. However, studies validating sleep staging algorithms directly on PPG-based data are limited.

Results
We applied an automatic sleep staging algorithm trained and validated on ECG-data directly on inter-beat intervals derived from a wrist-worn PPG sensor, in 389 polysomnographic recordings of patients with a variety of sleep disorders. While the algorithm reached moderate agreement with gold standard polysomnography, the performance was significantly lower when applied on PPG- versus ECG-derived heart rate variability data (kappa 0.56 versus 0.60, p < 0.001; accuracy 73.0% versus 75.9% p < 0.001). These results show that direct application of an algorithm on a different source of data may negatively affect performance. Algorithms need to be validated using each data source and re-training should be considered whenever possible.
In silico analysis of epitope-based CadF vaccine design against Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Moballegh Naseri Mona , Shams Saeed , Moballegh Naseri Mohammad , Bakhshi Bita 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective
Vaccination is an important strategy for the eradication of infectious diseases. CadF protein of Campylobacter jejuni is one of the important factors in the pathogenesis of this bacterium. The purpose of this work was to perform a bioinformatics study to identify an epitope-based CadF vaccine, as a subunit vaccine. Full protein sequences of CadF were extracted from the NCBI and UniProt databases and subjected to in silico evaluations, including sequence analysis, allergenicity, antigenicity, epitope conservancy, and molecular docking assessments done by different servers.

Results
The results showed that CadF was a highly conserved protein belonging to the outer member proteins superfamily. Among the evaluated epitopes, LSDSLALRL was identified as an antigenic and non-allergenic peptide with a suitable structure for vaccine development. It was also able to stimulate both T and B cells. This 9-mer peptide was located in 136–144 segment of CadF protein and interacted with both HLA-A 0101 and HLA-DRB1 0101 alleles. Overall, the obtained theoretical results showed that CadF protein could be used for designing and evaluating a new effective vaccine against C. jejuni.
Epidemiology of road traffic crashes in Ilam Province, Iran, 2009–2013
Authors: Mansouri Jalilian Marzieh , Safarpour Hamid , Bazyar Jafar , Safi-Keykaleh Meysam , Farahi-Ashtiani Iman , Khorshidi Ali 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objective
Road traffic crashes (RTCs) are major public health challenges of world health systems, and the main leading cause of death in children and young adults aged 5 to 29 years. This study aimed to assess the epidemiology of RTCs in Ilam, Iran.

Results
The total mortality rate due to RTCs has been increasing every year. There was a statistically significant relationship between age/sex and death or injury from RTCs in pedestrians, drivers, and passengers (p < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between the part of body trauma and RTCs in pedestrians (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between the type of vehicle and using seat belt with RTCs in drivers and passengers (p = 0.000).
Morphine leads to global genome changes in H3K27me3 levels via a Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) self-regulatory mechanism in mESCs
Authors: Muñoa-Hoyos Iraia , Halsall John A. , Araolaza Manu , Ward Carl , Garcia Idoia , Urizar-Arenaza Itziar , Gianzo Marta , Garcia Paloma , Turner Bryan , Subirán Nerea 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Background
Environmentally induced epigenetic changes can lead to health problems or disease, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Morphine can pass through the placental barrier leading to abnormal embryo development. However, the mechanism by which morphine causes these effects and how they sometimes persist into adulthood is not well known. To unravel the morphine-induced chromatin alterations involved in aberrant embryo development, we explored the role of the H3K27me3/PRC2 repressive complex in gene expression and its transmission across cellular generations in response to morphine.

Results
Using mouse embryonic stem cells as a model system, we found that chronic morphine treatment induces a global downregulation of the histone modification H3K27me3. Conversely, ChIP-Seq showed a remarkable increase in H3K27me3 levels at specific genomic sites, particularly promoters, disrupting selective target genes related to embryo development, cell cycle and metabolism. Through a self-regulatory mechanism, morphine downregulated the transcription of PRC2 components responsible for H3K27me3 by enriching high H3K27me3 levels at the promoter region. Downregulation of PRC2 components persisted for at least 48 h (4 cell cycles) following morphine removal, though promoter H3K27me3 levels returned to control levels.

Conclusions
Morphine induces targeting of the PRC2 complex to selected promoters, including those of PRC2 components, leading to characteristic changes in gene expression and a global reduction in H3K27me3. Following morphine removal, enhanced promoter H3K27me3 levels revert to normal sooner than global H3K27me3 or PRC2 component transcript levels. We suggest that H3K27me3 is involved in initiating morphine-induced changes in gene expression, but not in their maintenance.

Graphic abstract
Model of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and H3K27me3 alterations induced by chronic morphine exposure. Morphine induces H3K27me3 enrichment at promoters of genes encoding core members of the PRC2 complex and is associated with their transcriptional downregulation.
A robust LU polynomial matrix decomposition for spatial multiplexing
Authors: Mbaye Moustapha , Diallo Moussa , Mboup Mamadou 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper considers time-domain spatial multiplexing in MIMO wideband system, using an LU-based polynomial matrix decomposition. Because the corresponding pre- and post-filters are not paraunitary, the noise output power is amplified and the performance of the system is degraded, compared to QR-based spatial multiplexing approach. Degradations are important as the post-filter polynomial matrix is ill-conditioned. In this paper, we introduce simple transformations on the decomposition that solve the ill-conditioning problem. We show that this results in a MIMO spatial multiplexing scheme that is robust to noise and channel estimation errors. In the latter context, the proposed LU-based beamforming compares favorably to the QR-based counterpart in terms of complexity and bit error rate.