bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF LOW DOSE EXPOSURE OF BORAX FOR 8 WEEKS ON GASTRIC ULCER FORMATION
Authors: Faza Audi Salman , Dewanti Linda , Qurnianingsih Ema 
Published: June 2020

Background: Borax, a carcinogenic toxicant, is illegally used as food additives frequently. Previous researches shown that high dose of borax exposure (300 mg/kg of BW) caused gastric ulcer, but low dose of borax, as found as usual dose in food, has not been frequently researched. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of low dose of borax for 8 weeks on the formation of gastric ulcer. Material and Method: Twenty four young adult rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into 4 groups (Control, Group 1, 2, and 3). Borax doses of 50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg were administered on groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively through sonde for 8 weeks; Control group was not exposed with borax. Body weight was monitored every 2 weeks. On the last day of the experiment, rats were euthanized and gastric ulcers were histopathologically analyzed using a microscope. The data were analyzed by the comparative test of Mann-Whitney and the significancy was set on p <0.050. Result: The results showed that body weight was significantly different on the 6 th week between Control vs Group 1 (p= 0.010) and Control vs Group 3 (p= 0.043). The grade of gastric ulcer was found higher in Group 2 and Group 3 compared to Control (p= 0.019 and 0.011 respectively). Conclusion: Both of low dose (150mg / kg BW) and high dose (300mg / kg BW) of borax exposure for 8 weeks cause microscopic gastric ulcer on rats.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK KULIT BAGIAN DALAM SEMANGKA (Citrullus lanatus) TERHADAP KEUTUHAN MEMBRAN PLASMA DAN ABNORMALITAS MORFOLOGI TIKUS JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus) SETELAH DIPAPAR SUHU PANAS
Authors: Reisinta Dinda , Paramita L Widya , Hernawati Tatik , Meles Dewa Ketut , Madyawati Sri Pantja , Suprayogi Tri Wahyu 
Published: June 2020

This study aims to determined the effect of watermelon’s inner rind extract (Citrullus lanatus) towards the integrity of the plasma membrane and morphological abnormalities of male Norway rats’s spermatozoa (Rattus norvegicus) after being exposed to hot temperature. The content of lycopene in the inner rind of watermelon serves an antioxidant counteracting free radicals. A total of 20 male Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used in this study with an average age of 2 months. The study was divided into five treatments and four replications, consisting of: K(-) as negative control given CMC Na 0.5% as much as 0.5 ml, P0 as positive control was exposed to 40° C for 1 hour and CMC Na 0.5% of 0.5 ml. P1, P2 and P3 are exposed to 40° C for 1 hour and inner rind extracts of watermelon with a multilevel dose of P1: 20mg/head/day, P2: 40mg/head/day, and P3: 80mg/head/day that each dose was dissolved in CMC Na 0.5% of 0.5 ml. The results showed that giving inner rind extract of watermelon to the rats increased the integrity of the plasma membrane and decreased morphological abnormalities of male rat’s spermatozoa (Rattus norvegicus). The result of increased the integrity of the plasma membrane and highest decreased morphological abnormality was shown by P3 group given a dose of 80 mg/head/day.
EFEK PEMBERIAN L-ARGININ TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOLOGI JUMLAH SPERMATOSIT PRIMER PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus) SETELAH TERPAPAR SUHU PANAS
Authors: Utama Dirga Januar Surya , Susilowati Suherni , Hernawati Tatik , Safitri Erma , Mulyati Sri , Nurhajati Tri 
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to know the effect of L-arginine on the histology of primary spermatocyte count in mice (Mus musculus) after high temperature exposed. The subjects of this study were 20 adult male mice, 8 weeks old with an body weight range from 20-40 grams. This research conducted by using Complete Randomized Design (RAL) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments consisted of, P0- = treatment with 1ml of aquabidest without high temperature exposed, P0 + = treatment with 1ml of aquabidest after high temperature exposed for 1hour per-day for 35 days, P1 = 1.3mg / day L-arginine dissolved in 1ml aquabidest and given orally after high temperature exposed for 1hour per-day for 35 days and P2 = 2.6mg / day L-arginine dissolved in 1ml aquabidest given orally after high temperature exposed for 1hour per-day for 35 days. Observations done by making histologic preparations of testicular organs and then calculated the total number of primary spermatocyte per treatment. The data of primary spermatocyte calculated and analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan test. The result from data analysis showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) between P1 and P2 with control,between P1 and P2 the analysis did not show any significant difference (p> 0.05).
Digestion des matières azotées végétales chez le veau préruminant. Quantification des matières azotées endogènes et importance des mucines
Authors: MONTAGNE L. , LALLES J.P. 
Published: June 2020

Améliorer l’utilisation des matières azotées de remplacement par le veau nécessite de mieux comprendre leurs interactions avec le tube digestif. A cet égard, les nouveaux concepts de digestibilité distinguent les pertes azotées endogènes basales des pertes spécifiques, dépendantes de l’aliment. L’objectif de cet article est de caractériser quantitativement et qualitativement les matières azotées basales et celles spécifiques de sources végétales, et de préciser l’importance, dans ces matières azotées endogènes, des mucines, glycoprotéines du mucus qui protège l’épithélium digestif. Le flux des matières azotées endogènes non spécifiques, mesuré avec un aliment dépourvu de protéines, augmente entre le duodénum et le jéjunum. Les matières azotées sont ensuite apparemment réabsorbées à environ 70 % avant l’iléon où le flux est de 20 g/kg de matière sèche ingérée. Les mucines contribuent à 20, 40 et 25 % des pertes iléales d’azote basal, de lysine et de thréonine, respectivement. La digestibilité apparente iléale de l’azote des aliments contenant des matières azotées végétales est inférieure à celle du lait (0,85, 0,73 et 0,81 vs 0,91, respectivement pour un concentrat et un isolat de soja, et un concentrat de protéines de pomme de terre). Les digestibilités réelles des matières azotées de ces aliments sont similaires mais inférieures à celle du lait (0,95 vs 0,99). Ces différences s’expliquent par l’augmentation des flux de matières azotées endogènes spécifiques, et en particulier des mucines. Par ailleurs, la fraction d’azote provenant des bactéries hébergées par l’animal est plus susceptible aux modifications de la nature des protéines alimentaires que la fraction endogène réellement sécrétée. En conclusion, les différences de digestibilité apparente entre les sources de matières azotées végétales étudiées sont principalement déterminées par les pertes iléales de matières azotées spécifiques qu’elles génèrent le long du tube digestif.
Le gène caprin spécifiant la caséine αs1 : un suspect tout désigné aux effets aussi multiples qu’inattendus
Authors: MARTIN P. , LEROUX C. 
Published: June 2020

Dans l’espèce caprine, il existe au locus αs1-caséine, un polymorphisme complexe alliant variabilité quantitative et qualitative. Les caractéristiques physico-chimiques des laits caprins et leurs aptitudes technologiques sont gouvernées par ce polymorphisme. Ses fondements moléculaires ont été exploités pour mettre en place un protocole de génotypage des animaux. Si ce caractère est, d’ores et déjà, pris en compte dans les schémas de sélection caprine, ces travaux multidisciplinaires ont ouvert de nombreuses voies de recherche. En effet, outre le modèle de co-évolution d’un marqueur microsatellite et d’un gène à effet majeur, le gène αs1-cas fournit un modèle pertinent d’étude des mécanismes d’épissage et leur implication dans la diversité structurale inter-spécifique. De plus, le polymorphisme génétique de la caséine αs1 constitue un moyen d’investigation incomparable pour étudier la structure micellaire dans le lait ainsi qu’un moyen de décrypter son édification au cours du transport intracellulaire des caséines qui est particulièrement perturbé chez les individus porteurs d’allèles défectifs au locus αs1-Cas. Le polymorphisme αs1-Cas caprin n’a donc pas encore dévoilé tous ses effets.
Predicting Sand Production Rate in High-Pressure, High-Temperature Wells in the Tarim Basin
Authors: Liu Hongtao , Wang Haotian , Zhang Wei , Liu Junyan , Zhang Yutao , Sharma Mukul M. 
Published: June 2020

Summary
Sand production has been a very serious concern for the high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) gas wells in the Tarim Basin. However, the possible reasons and mechanisms remain unclear because there is no sufficient model to predict both onset of sanding and sand-production rate. The objective of this study is to develop a three-dimensional (3D) numerical sand production-prediction model and apply it to these HPHT gas wells to determine the main mechanisms for sand production and to propose completion designs to minimize sand production. This paper presents the development of a fully coupled 3D, poro-elasto-plastic sand-production model and the simulation results for two key wells that are prone to sanding.
The sand-production model was used to model the different completion designs and flowback strategies that were used in the field. The model couples multiphase fluid flow and elasto-plasticity to simulate pressure transient behavior and rock deformation during production. The sanding criterion is a combination of both mechanical failure (shear/tensile/compressive failure) and fluid erosion. A novel cell-removal algorithm has been implemented to predict the dynamic (time dependent) sand-production process. In addition, the complex geometry of the wells and perforations are explicitly modeled to show cavity propagation around hole/perforations during sand production.
For this case study, triaxial tests on core samples were conducted, and the stress-strain curves under different confining stresses are analyzed to obtain rock properties for both the preyield and post-yield period. The wells were categorized into ones that had massive sand production and ones that showed much less sand production. Operational and mechanical factors that were empirically found to result in sand production were identified. The sand-production model was run to verify the role played by different factors. It is shown that completion design, rock strength, and post-failure behavior of the rock are key factors responsible for the observed sanding in these wells. In addition, the drawdown strategy and the associated bottomhole pressure (BHP) change and the extent of depletion play an important role in the sanding rate. Several strategies for minimizing sand production are suggested for these wells. These include drawdown management, completion, and perforation design. In this study, we show for the first time that data from HPHT gas wells that have severe sand-production problems can be analyzed quantitatively with the developed model to determine the mechanisms of sand production. This allows us to make operational recommendations to minimize sanding risk in these wells.
Decameter-Scale Flow-Unit Classification in Brazilian Presalt Carbonates
Authors: Penna Rodrigo , Lupinacci Wagner Moreira 
Published: June 2020

SummaryRock typing into flow units (FUs) plays a pivotal role in constructing static and dynamic models of petroleum reservoirs. Decisions made by asset teams mostly depend on predictions of how fluids will percolate through the subsurface during the reservoir life cycle. In carbonate settings, dealing with rock typing is complex and can generate a large quantity of units because of diagenetic processes such as dissolution, cementation, and silicification. Most rock-typing methods in carbonates successfully classify small-scale flow heterogeneity in well resolution but fail when interpolating those facies further away from the 1D domain, because of the lack of correlation between FUs and spatial data. Seismic data can be used to detect large-scale FUs and assist the interpolation of small-scale FUs in 3D reservoir volume, thus producing more-realistic static and dynamic models.We propose a modification of the classical rock-typing methods that use permeability (k) vs. porosity (ϕ) plots and electrical properties, with a data set from the Mero Field, part of the giant Libra Field of presalt carbonate reservoirs in offshore Brazil. From the permeability cumulative S-curve analysis, we established major large-scale FUs that maintain part of the carbonate flow heterogeneity and correlate them with the elastic attributes: P-impedance (PI) and S-impedance (SI). In addition, we established a priori PI and SI correlations with the formation-factor (FF) (F) parameter to categorize large-scale FUs using the F vs. k methodology.With the large-scale FUs mapped in seismic data sets, core-plug-scale FUs can be populated into the 3D static and dynamic models using geostatistics tools, thus creating more-realistic reservoir models and assisting asset teams in the decision-making process.
Study and Pilot Test of Multiple Thermal-Fluid Stimulation in Offshore Nanpu Oilfield
Authors: Han Xiaodong , Zhong Liguo , Liu Yigang , Zou Jian , Wang Qiuxia 
Published: June 2020

Summary
Heavy-oil resources whose underground oil viscosity is greater than 350 mPa·s is abundant in the Bohai oilfield. Because of the lack of effective exploitation technology, production performance with cold-production methods was not satisfactory. Seeking an effective method of heavy-oil exploitation, the multiple thermal-fluid stimulation was proposed and studied, in which hot water or steam mixed with carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2) would be injected into the formation for heating the oil and improving heavy-oil production. Considering the limitation of the offshore platform, a miniaturized multiple thermal-fluid generator was designed and developed. Integrated technologies such as seawater desalinization, heat insulation, and anticorrosion methods were also studied and developed. A pilot test of multiple thermal-fluid stimulation was conducted in Nanpu oilfield, starting in 2008. Until now, the pilot test has lasted for more than 10 years, and a total of 27 cycles of multiple thermal-fluid stimulation have been carried out. The oil-production rate and periodic-oil production amount of the thermal wells were both greatly improved. The cumulative oil produced by multiple thermal-fluid stimulation reached approximately 5.7×105 m3, and the incremental oil production is approximately 2.6×105 m3. The performance of oil production was satisfactory. As the first offshore thermal pilot area, the application experience showed that multiple thermal-fluid stimulation was effective for exploitation of heavy oilfields. With the increase of the stimulation cycles, a gas-channeling problem emerged and resulted in a decrease in the oil-production rate. New methods need to be studied and used for further enhancing oil recovery in Nanpu oilfield at the late stage of multiple thermal-fluid stimulation. Correction Notice: This paper has been updated from its originally published version to change the spelling of "Nanbao" to "Nanpu" throughout. No other changes to the paper were made.
Feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating a theory-driven group-based complex intervention versus usual physiotherapy to support self-management of osteoarthritis and low back pain (SOLAS)
Authors: Hurley Deirdre , Jeffares Isabelle , Hall Amanda M , Keogh Alison , Toomey Elaine , McArdle Danielle , McDonough Suzanne M , Guerin Suzanne , Segurado Ricardo , Matthews James 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background The Self-management of Osteoarthritis (OA) and Low back pain (LBP) through Activity and Skills (SOLAS) theory-driven group-based complex intervention was developed primarily for the evaluation of its acceptability to patients and physiotherapists and the feasibility of trial procedures, to inform the potential for a definitive trial. Methods This assessor-blinded multicentre two-arm parallel cluster randomised controlled feasibility trial compared the SOLAS intervention to usual individual physiotherapy (UP; pragmatic control group). Patients with OA of the hip, knee, lumbar spine and/or chronic LBP were recruited in primary care physiotherapy clinics (i.e. clusters) in Dublin, Ireland between September 2014 and November 2015. The primary feasibility objectives were evaluated using quantitative methods and individual telephone interviews with purposive samples of participants and physiotherapists. A range of secondary outcomes were collected at baseline, 6 weeks (behaviour change only), 2 months and 6 months to explore the preliminary effects of the intervention. Analysis was by intention-to-treat according to participants’ cluster allocation and involved descriptive analysis of the quantitative data and inductive thematic analysis of the qualitative interviews. A linear mixed model was used to contrast change over time in participant secondary outcomes between treatment arms, while adjusting for study waves and clusters. Results 14 clusters were recruited (7 per trial arm), each cluster participated in two waves of recruitment, with the average cluster size below the target of six participants (Intervention: mean (SD) =4.92 (1.31), range 2-7; UP: mean (SD) =5.08 (2.43), range 1-9). 120 participants (83.3% of n=144 expected) were recruited (Intervention n=59; UP n=61), with follow up data obtained from 80.8% (n=97) at 6 weeks, 84.2% (n=101) at 2 months and 71.7% (n=86) at 6 months. Most participants received treatment as allocated (Intervention n=49; UP n=54). The qualitative interviews (12 participants; 10 PTs) found the Intervention and trial procedures acceptable and appropriate, with minimal feasible adaptations required. Linear mixed methods showed improvements in most secondary outcomes at 2 and 6 months with small between group effects. Conclusions While the SOLAS intervention and trial procedures were acceptable to participants and PTs, the recruitment of enough participants is the biggest obstacle to a definitive trial. Trial Registration: ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN49875385, Registered 26 March 2014. https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN49875385
Is age and not antiretroviral therapy the strongest risk factor for chronic pain in HIV-infected population?
Authors: Kowalski Marcin , Horban Andrzej , Rongies Witold , Slomka Bartosz , Shahnazaryan Karen 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background. Chronic pain in HIV-infected patients on effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) limits patients’ normal functioning both somatically and psychologically. The current state of knowledge on the topic is insufficient, with the underlying causes of this pain unexplained. Therefore we analyzed the frequency and factors associated with chronic pain in HIV-infected patients on ART.Methods. We conducted a prospective, survey study, including consecutive HIV-infected patients under specialist care at the HIV Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital for Infectious Disease in Warsaw between February 2014 and December 2016. During their routine visit all patients who agreed to participate in the study were surveyed using a study questionnaire. For all patients reporting any pain the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) form andDouleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions form (DN4) were completed. Data on history and current ART and laboratory measurements were obtained from electronical database. Chi-squared and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for group comparison. The potential factors associated with chronic pain were identified via logistic regression models. Results. In total 196 HIV-infected patients were included in the study, 57 (29,1%) of them reported chronic pain. The reported pain was mostly (75%) limited to a single area of the body..In univariate logistic regression model the odds of chronic pain were significantly higher with increasing age (OR 1.36 [95%CI:1.17-1.58]), time under specialist care (OR 2.25 [95%CI:1.42-35.7]), time on ART (OR2.96 [95%CI:1.60-5.49]), previous ART with zidovudine (OR 2.00[95%CI:1.06-1.55]) and previous treatment with ddI, ddC or d4T (OR4.13 [95%CI:1.92-8.91]). Homosexual route of HIV infection as compared to injecting drug use was decreasing the odds of chronic pain (OR0.33 [95%CI: 014-0.75]). In multivariate analyses, adjusting for all above the only factor associated with chronic pain was age (OR1.28 [95%CI:1.06-1.55]).Conclusions. The prevalence of chronic pain in the studied population of HIV-infected Polish patients was high. The only risk factor for chronic pain identified was age. With ageing HIV population it is therefore imperative to develop cooperation protocols for specialist HIV treatment clinics, pain treatment clinics, and rehabilitation units.
Predictors of endoscopic prophylaxis for rebleeding in esophageal varices combined type 2 gastroesophageal varices
Authors: Jiang Mei-Chun , Nie Yuan , Zhang Yue , Wan Si-Zhe , Liu Cong , wang An-jiang , Zhu Xuan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Patients with decompensated cirrhosis and esophageal varices (EVs) combined with type 2 gastroesophageal varices (GOV2) are at risk of rebleeding after endoscopic prophylaxis. This study was performed to evaluate the preventive efficacy of endoscopic treatment in patients with EVs combined with GOV2, and to identify the risk factor of rebleeding. Methods: We performed a single-center, observational, retrospective study of hospitalized patients with EVs combined with GOV2. The biochemical examination results, demographics, endoscopic performance measures and treatment methods of patients undergoing endoscopic treatment were collected. All patients were observed for 1-year, or were loss to follow-up. The predictors of rebleeding were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.Results: A total of 124 patients underwent endoscopic treatment, including 2 (1.6%) patients in whom bleeding failed to cease and 19 (15.3%) patients who were lost to follow-up. A total of 103 patients were observed until 1 year, including 11 (10.7%) patients who experienced rebleeding. The results indicated that EVs+GOV2 with GOV1, age, prothrombin time (PT), bilirubin level, platelet count, Child-Pugh grade, and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score were associated with rebleeding at 1 year in patients with EVs combined with GOV2. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that age, EVs+GOV2 with GOV1, bilirubin level, and PT were independent risk factors for rebleeding.Conclusion: Endoscopic treatment is effective as a preventive treatment in patients with EVs combined with GOV2. EVs combined with GOV1, older age, coagulation failure, and increased bilirubin levels should be given close attention due to their associations with rebleeding after endoscopic prophylaxis. GOV1 may have a negative effect in patients with EVs +GOV2.
Effects of Robot Viscous Forces on Arm Movements in Chronic Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Majeed Yazan Abdel , Awadalla Saria , Patton James 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Our previous work showed that speed is linked to the ability torecover in chronic stroke survivors. Participants moving faster on the rst day of a three-week study had greater improvements on the Wolf Motor Function Test.Methods: We examined the eects of three candidate speed-modifying elds in a crossover design: negative viscosity, positive viscosity, and a "breakthrough" force that vanishes after speed exceeds an individualized threshold.Results: Negative viscosity resulted in a signicant speed increase when it was on. No lasting after eects on movement speed were observed from any of these treatments, however, training with negative viscosity led to signicant improvements in movement accuracy and smoothness.Conclusions: Our results suggest that negative viscosity could be used as a treatment to augment the training process while still allowing participants to make their own volitional motions in practice. Trial registration: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at Northwestern University (STU00206579) and the University of Illinois at Chicago (2018-1251).