bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health‐related quality of life and its predictors among the type 2 diabetes population of Bangladesh: A nation‐wide cross‐sectional study
Authors: Barua Lingkan , Faruque Mithila , Chowdhury Hasina Akhter , Banik Palash Chandra , Ali Liaquat 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe aimed to assess the health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and identify its predictors among type 2 diabetes patients of Bangladesh.Materials and MethodsThis nationwide cross‐sectional study assessed HRQoL among 1,806 type 2 diabetes patients using the EuroQol‐5 Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ‐5D‐5L), and the responses were further translated into a single summary crosswalk index score using the UK time trade‐off value set. The predictors were determined using multinomial logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe mean EQ‐5D‐5L index score was 0.62 (standard deviation 0.25), and men scored better than women. More than half of the study participants (53.4%) were ranked as “average” HRQoL. Overall, 64% of respondents had a “problem” at least in one of the dimensions of the EQ‐5D‐5L, and the burden of reported “problems” was higher among women (70%). Among the five dimensions, the highest reported “problem” was 79.8% for anxiety/depression, 77.7% for pain/discomfort and 60.1% for mobility. However, younger participants (aged <30 years) showed a higher burden of anxiety/depression (95%) compared with the rest of the population. The specific predictors of average/good HRQoL (odds ratio >1) were being men, living in a rural area, married, literate, a monthly income >19,488 BDT, absence of comorbidity and had a duration of diabetes ≤5 years.ConclusionsThe majority of Bangladesh’s type 2 diabetes patients had an “average” HRQoL based on the EQ‐5D‐5L index score. In broad terms, the identified predictors were sex, place of residence, marital status, literacy, monthly income, comorbidity and duration of diabetes.
Effect of time period on biaxial strength for different Y‐TZP veneering porcelains
Authors: Fahmi Mohammed , Giordano Russell , Pober Richard 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the influence of time period on strength for different conventional Y‐TZP porcelains.Materials and methodsFour types of porcelain were used. Porcelain powders were pressed in a steel die and fired in a furnace as recommended by the manufacturer. The blocks were sectioned into 2 mm‐thick discs. Seventy specimens were fabricated from each type of porcelain. Of six jars, three contained 40 mL of dH2O and three were dry. Ten specimens were placed in each jar and stored in an incubator at 37°C. A biaxial flexural strength test was performed for all specimens at the baseline and each succeeding year for all groups, for 3 years, using an Instron with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min.ResultsThe data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey at α = .05. At the baseline, the biaxial flexural strength of VitaVM9 was significantly higher than that of NobelRondo; however, there were no significant differences among Vita VM9 and Noritake CZR or NobelRondo, Lava Ceram, and Noritake CZR. There were significant reductions in the biaxial flexural strengths of all porcelains.ConclusionsAfter 3 years, all porcelain groups showed a significant decrease in biaxial flexural strength. The medium used is found to have no significant effects on the mean biaxial flexural strength.Clinical SignificanceCertain commercially available Y‐TZP porcelains are susceptible to decrease in strength over time, which might impact the integrity of veneered zirconia restorations. This reduction in strength is among the most common reasons for the failure of veneered zirconia as reported in several studies.
Survival of toxigenic Escherichia coli on chamomile, peppermint, green, black, ginger, and cinnamon teas during storage and brewing
Authors: Liu Yanan , Wu Fan , Zhu Yan , Chen Yirui , Murray Kayla , Lu Zhaoxin , Warriner Keith 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this study, the persistence of toxigenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) on dried chamomile, peppermint, ginger, cinnamon, black and green teas stored under 4, 10, and 25°C was determined. The E. coli survival rate in ginger and cinnamon teas decreased below 0 on Day 5. In the other tested teas, E. coli survivability showed a downward trend over time, but never dropped to 0. Chamomile tea retained the greatest population of viable E. coli. Meanwhile, die‐off of E. coli was higher at 25°C compared to lower temperatures. Additionally, fate of E. coli during brewing at 60, 70 and 80°C was evaluated. The E. coli population was reduced to below 2 Log colony forming units (CFU)/g after 1 min at 80°C, At the same time, the E. coli survival at 60°C was higher than that at 70°C in all tested teas. The data indicated that if E. coli survives after storage of prepared teas, it may also survive and grow after the brewing process, especially if performed using temperatures <80°C. Finally, we analyzed the correlations between temperature, time, tea varieties and E. coli survival, and successfully constructed a random forest regression model. The results of this study can be used to predict changes in E. coli during storage and fate during the brewing process. Results will form the basis of undertaking a risk assessment.
Diabetic polyneuropathy: Bridging the translational gap
Authors: Kobayashi Masaki , Zochodne Douglas W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractClinical trials for diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) have failed to identify therapeutic impacts that have arrested or reversed the disorder, despite a long history. This review considers DPN in the context of a unique neurodegenerative disorder that targets peripheral neurons and their companion glial cells. The approach is to examine what cells, cell substructures, and pathways are implicated in causing DPN and how they might be addressed therapeutically. These include axonopathy, neuronopathy, hyperglycemia, polyol flux, advanced glycation endproduct (AGE)‐receptor AGE signaling, growth factor disruption, abnormal insulin signaling, and abnormalities of other intrinsic neuron pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid toxicity are largely delegated to the companion review in this issue by Stino and Feldman. Finally, the linkage between axon plasticity of cutaneous nerves, peripheral neuroregenerative pathways, and diabetes are discussed.
Effects of Combined Use of Mother’s Breast Milk, Heartbeat Sounds, and Non‐Nutritive Sucking on Preterm Infants’ Behavioral Stress During Venipuncture: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wu Hsiang‐Ping , Yang Luke , Lan Hsiang‐Yun , Peng Hsueh‐Fang , Chang Yue‐Cune , Jeng Mei‐Jy , Liaw Jen‐Jiuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeEven routine procedures can cause pain and stress, and can be harmful to the fast‐growing brain of preterm infants. Mitigating pain and stress with sucrose and analgesics has side effects; thus, an alternate choice is the use of natural breast milk and infants’ sensory capabilities. Therefore, this study examined the effects of different integrations of sensory experiences—mother’s breast milk odor and taste (BM‐OT), heartbeat sounds (HBs), and non‐nutritive sucking (NNS)—on preterm infant’s behavioral stress during venipuncture.DesignThis study was a prospective, randomized controlled trial.MethodsInfants born preterm (<37 weeks’ gestational age) were enrolled in the study through convenience sampling, and randomly assigned to the following conditions: (condition 1) routine care (n = 36); (condition 2) BM‐OT (n = 33); (condition 3) BM‐OT + HBs (n = 33); or (condition 4) BM‐OT + HBs + NNS (n = 36). Crying duration from puncture to recovery period was recorded using a voice recorder. Facial actions and body movements were measured using an infant behavioral coding scheme and transformed into frequencies during seven stages: baseline (stage 0), disinfecting (stage 1), venipuncture (stage 2), and the recovery period for 10 minutes (stages 3–6).FindingsData were analyzed for 138 preterm infants. The corresponding median times to stop crying for conditions 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 137, 79, 81, and 39 s, respectively; the instantaneous occurrence rates of stopping crying for conditions 2, 3, and 4 were 1.469, 1.574, and 2.996 times greater than for condition 1, respectively. Infants receiving conditions 3 and 4 had significantly fewer occurrences of facial actions (stage 6 and stages 4–6, respectively) and body movements (stages 3–6 for both); however, there were no significant reductions in stress behaviors for condition 2 (BM‐OT).ConclusionsThe combination of BM‐OT, HBs, and NNS could be provided to preterm infants as interventions to prevent and reduce behavioral stress, and facilitate pain recovery during venipuncture procedures.Clinical RelevanceClinicians should be educated about how to recognize preterm infants’ behavioral stress, and to incorporate different sensory combinations of respective mothers’ BM, HBs, and NNS into painful procedures to help preterm infants recover from distress.
Chemical reconstruction of skin scars (CROSS) method for atrophic scars: A comprehensive review
Authors: Chung Hye Jin , Al Janahi Sara , Cho Sung Bin , Chang Yunyoung Claire 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundChemical reconstruction of skin scars (CROSS) applies a high strength acid focally to treat atrophic scars. Although this method has gained popularity over the past two decades, no standardized treatment guideline exists for CROSS method in the treatment of atrophic scars.AimsThe purpose of this comprehensive review was to evaluate the indications, detailed techniques, efficacy, and safety of CROSS method.Materials and MethodsAn extensive literature review was conducted to identify articles relating to CROSS method for atrophic scars from 2002 to 2018.ResultsThe literature search yielded 19 articles meeting criteria. CROSS method has been used for the treatment of acne scars, varicella scars, enlarged pores, and depressed surgical scars. In studies using the quantile grading scale for acne scars, 60%‐100% of patients showed >25% improvement. In two studies for varicella scars, 83%‐100% of patients showed >25% improvement. CROSS method seems to be effective specifically for ice‐pick scars. It is well tolerated and safe in Fitzpatrick skin phototypes I‐V. Most reported complications are temporary and include postinflammatory dyspigmentation, erythema, pain, pruritus, infection, and widening of scars.ConclusionThis literature review suggests that CROSS method is a safe and effective treatment for atrophic scars, especially ice‐pick scars, in skin types I‐V. However, current published works have several limitations, including small sample sizes, lack of control group, different concentrations of acid, different frequency of treatments, and follow‐up periods. Larger, randomized, controlled studies are needed to elucidate the optimal treatment protocol of CROSS method.
The efficacy of intense pulsed light for Becker's nevus: A retrospective analysis of 45 cases
Authors: Zhong Yiping , Huang Lining , Chen Yongjun , Yan Tingting , Yang Bin , Man Mao‐Qiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundBecker's nevus is a common skin disorder. Lasers and light instruments are the major modalities for the treatment of Becker's nevus, but the outcomes were mixed.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of the intense pulsed light for Becker's nevus in a large Chinese cohort.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of the intense pulsed light for Becker's nevus in a single center.ResultsA total of 45 patients, including 26 males and 19 females (male to female ratio = 1.4), aged 5‐42 years, were included in this analysis. Twenty‐seven patients (60%) were with hypertrichosis. Treatments with intense pulsed light resulted in over 75% improvements in pigmentation and hair density in 1 and 2 cases, respectively. One patient displayed 51%‐75% reductions in hair density. The rest displayed ≤50% improvements in pigmentation and hair density. Recurrence occurred in all cases within 6 months after the last treatment. Adverse reactions were temporary and mild hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation, hypertrophic scar, pain, and erythema.ConclusionIntense pulsed light does not exhibit long‐term benefits for Becker's nevus. Further studies in the large cohort are still required to validate the present results. Moreover, whether changes in the treatment parameters can improve the efficacy of intense pulsed light remains to be explored.
Bath immersion pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Rairat Tirawat , Kuo Yu‐Shin , Chang Chao‐Chia , Hsieh Chia‐Yu , Chou Chi‐Chung 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDrug administration by immersion can be a preferable method in certain conditions especially for treating small‐sized, anorexic, or valuable fish. Pharmacokinetic information regarding bath treatment is considerably lacking in comparison to other common administration routes. The current study aimed to investigate if immersion can be an effective route to administer florfenicol (FF) for treatment in Nile tilapia. Nile tilapia reared at 28°C were immersed with FF solution at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 500, and 500/200 (3 hr/117 hr) ppm for 120 hr and moved to drug‐free freshwater for another 24 hr. The serum FF concentration in 100, 200, and 500/200 ppm groups reached steady‐state at 12 hr with concentrations of 2.44, 3.04, and 5.26 µg/ml, respectively, which were about 2% of the bathing concentrations. The target therapeutic levels of 1–4 µg/ml were attained and maintained within 1–12 hr, depending on the immersion concentration and the target MIC. Serum FF reached the target with shorter time at higher bathing concentration. Following the 120‐hr bath, the serum FF declined with the first‐order half‐life of approximately 10 hr. A minimum of 100 ppm FF is required for treatment purpose, and an initial high loading concentration followed by maintenance concentration is a plausible way to reach in vivo therapeutic level in short time. Greater than 99% of the residual FF in the bathing water could be removed within 15 min by 0.05% NaOCl. Our results indicated that bath immersion is a promising potential route for FF administration in Nile tilapia.
Directional trends in species composition over time can lead to a widespread overemphasis of year‐to‐year asynchrony
Authors: Valencia Enrique , de Bello Francesco , Lepš Jan , Galland Thomas , E‐Vojtkó Anna , Conti Luisa , Danihelka Jiří , Dengler Jürgen , Eldridge David J. , Estiarte Marc , García‐González Ricardo , Garnier Eric , Gómez Daniel , Harrison Susan , Herben Tomas , Ibáñez Ricardo , Jentsch Anke , Juergens Norbert , Kertész Miklós , Klumpp Katja , Louault Frédérique , Marrs Rob H. , Ónodi Gábor , Pakeman Robin J. , Pärtel Meelis , Peco Begoña , Peñuelas Josep , Rueda Marta , Schmidt Wolfgang , Schmiedel Ute , Schuetz Martin , Skalova Hana , Šmilauer Petr , Šmilauerová Marie , Smit Christian , Song Ming‐Hua , Stock Martin , Val James , Vandvik Vigdis , Wesche Karsten , Woodcock Ben A. , Young Truman P. , Yu Fei‐Hai , Zobel Martin , Götzenberger Lars 
Published: June 2020

AbstractQuestionsCompensatory dynamics are described as one of the main mechanisms that increase community stability, e.g., where decreases of some species on a year‐to‐year basis are offset by an increase in others. Deviations from perfect synchrony between species (asynchrony) have therefore been advocated as an important mechanism underlying biodiversity effects on stability. However, it is unclear to what extent existing measures of synchrony actually capture the signal of year‐to‐year species fluctuations in the presence of long‐term directional trends in both species abundance and composition (species directional trends hereafter). Such directional trends may lead to a misinterpretation of indices commonly used to reflect year‐to‐year synchrony.MethodsAn approach based on three‐term local quadrat variance (T3) which assesses population variability in a three‐year moving window, was used to overcome species directional trend effects. This “detrending” approach was applied to common indices of synchrony across a worldwide collection of 77 temporal plant community datasets comprising almost 7,800 individual plots sampled for at least six years. Plots included were either maintained under constant “control” conditions over time or were subjected to different management or disturbance treatments.ResultsAccounting for directional trends increased the detection of year‐to‐year synchronous patterns in all synchrony indices considered. Specifically, synchrony values increased significantly in ~40% of the datasets with the T3 detrending approach while in ~10% synchrony decreased. For the 38 studies with both control and manipulated conditions, the increase in synchrony values was stronger for longer time series, particularly following experimental manipulation.ConclusionsSpecies’ long‐term directional trends can affect synchrony and stability measures potentially masking the ecological mechanism causing year‐to‐year fluctuations. As such, previous studies on community stability might have overemphasised the role of compensatory dynamics in real‐world ecosystems, and particularly in manipulative conditions, when not considering the possible overriding effects of long‐term directional trends.
Shared reading as a practice for fostering early learning in an Early Childhood Education and Care centre: a naturalistic, comparative study of one infant's experiences with two educators
Authors: Torr Jane 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEarly childhood educators are encouraged to read with infants, yet little is known about the educator–infant book‐focused interactions that occur in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) centres. This study provides a systematic linguistic analysis of the naturally occurring interactions between one focal child Charlie (aged 21 months and 13 days) and two of his educators, as they each engaged in shared reading with Charlie and one or more of his peers during a typical day in his infant room. While both educators engaged in shared reading for pedagogical purposes, the meanings realised in their talk differed in subtle ways, providing Charlie and his peers with tacit and sometimes contradictory messages about how to make meaning from words and pictures. One educator's proportionally greater use of mental processes and polar questions construed shared reading primarily as an interpretive activity, while the other educator's proportionally greater use of WH questions and directives construed shared reading primarily as an instructional activity. Differences were also observed in Charlie's verbal participation during the two shared readings. The findings reveal how educators, through their own talk, create particular contexts in which infants may or may not participate during shared reading experiences.
Distinct T‐cell receptor profiles associated with hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion during entecavir treatment
Authors: Lian Yi‐Fan , Xu Ying , Gu Yu‐Rong , Bi Yan‐Hua , Liao Chun‐Hong , Zhao Miao‐Xian , Liao Xia‐Lin , Wang Zhan‐Hui , Wu Hong‐Kai , Huang Yue‐Hua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground & AimsT‐cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is ambiguously changed in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients during antivirus therapy. We tried to assess TCR repertoire dynamics and its clinical significance upon HBeAg seroconversion in CHB patients.MethodsTwenty CHB patients undergoing 1‐year entecavir (ETV) treatment were enrolled, including 10 complete response (CR) vs 10 non‐complete response (NCR) patients based on HBeAg seroconversion at week 48. The TCRβ complementarity‐determining region 3 (CDR3) of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at weeks 0, 12 and 48 was analyzed by unbiased high‐throughput sequencing. The TCR repertoire profiles and their correlations with serological parameters were analyzed.ResultsThe diversity of TCRβ repertoires was decreasing in CR patients but increasing in NCR patients. The distribution pattern of TCR repertoires stratified according to clonotype frequencies changed in the opposite direction between CR and NCR patients. Narrow amounts of newly appearing clonotypes in CR patients experienced a more intensive and robust expansion and this phenomenon could occur as early as week 12 for the CD4+ subset but later at week 48 for the CD8+ subset. There existed some CR‐exclusive clonotypes with a relatively low but increasing frequency at week 48. The number of unique TCRβ clonotypes was positively correlated with the ALT or HBV DNA level in CR patients but showed no or negative correlation in NCR patients.ConclusionDistinct TCR profiles contribute to predicting HBeAg seroconversion in CHB patients during ETV treatment and certain TCRβ CDR3 motif may be utilized for CHB immunotherapy in the future.
Metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease is associated with severity of COVID‐19
Authors: Zhou Yu‐Jie , Zheng Kenneth I. , Wang Xiao‐Bo , Sun Qing‐Feng , Pan Ke‐Hua , Wang Ting‐Yao , Ma Hong‐Lei , Chen Yong‐Ping , George Jacob , Zheng Ming‐Hua 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has attracted increasing worldwide attention. While metabolic‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) affects a quarter of world population, its impact on COVID‐19 severity has not been characterized. We identified 55 MAFLD patients with COVID‐19, who were 1:1 matched by age, sex and obesity status to non‐aged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐infected patients without MAFLD. Our results demonstrate that in patients aged less than 60 years with COVID‐19, MAFLD is associated with an approximately fourfold increase (adjusted odds ratio 4.07, 95% confidence interval 1.20‐13.79, P = .02) in the probability for severe disease, after adjusting for confounders. Healthcare professionals caring for patients with COVID‐19 need to be aware that there is a positive association between MAFLD and severe illness with COVID‐19.
Useful to whom? Evaluation utilisation theory and boundaries for programme evaluation scope
Authors: Onyura Betty 
Published: June 2020

AbstractContextProgramme evaluation is perpetually mandated in health professions education. Correspondingly, there has been an expansion in prescriptive methodological guides about ‘how’ to engage in various best practices in evaluation. However, what has gained less attention is an examination of the ‘value’ that different stakeholders seek to gain from programme evaluation. Evaluation utilisation theory and research can help us understand the diversity in both the driving forces for and the impact of programme evaluation. Awareness of the heterogeneity of evaluation utilisation priorities has implications for evaluation practices, including both methodological choices and understanding of the impact of programme evaluation in our field.MethodsIn this article, I expound on the concept of evaluation utilisation by drawing on evaluation theory and research. ‘Evaluation utilisation’ refers to the application of programme evaluation processes and findings to influence thinking and action. Herein, different forms of ‘evaluation utilisation’ (including instrumental, conceptual, process and persuasive (symbolic and legitimative) utilisation) are discussed, as well as the related concept of ‘evaluation misuse’. Furthermore, how the prioritisation of different forms of ‘evaluation utilisation’ can influence the scope and impact of evaluation scholarship are also discussed.ConclusionsProgramme evaluation is a form of inquiry that requires more than the exercise of robust methodological techniques. Rather, it necessitates attention to the, sometimes divergent, priorities of different stakeholder groups. Although there is scant research on evaluation practices in health professions education, evaluation utilisation theory can inform critical examination of evaluation practices and impact in our field. Critically, understanding this body of work can help inform those engaged in evaluation about what they are (or should be) prioritising when they conduct programme evaluation, and better align evaluation methodologies with their scholarly, curricular and administrative intentions. Implications for future research and high‐quality, transparent evaluation scholarship are presented.