bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Proactive Shift in Managing an Older  Workforce 2009–2017: A Latent Class Analysis of Organizational Policies
Authors: Turek Konrad , Oude Mulders Jaap , Henkens Kène 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesLongitudinal perspectives on how organizations react to workforce aging are missing in the literature. In this study, we fill this gap and ask how organizations deal with older workers, how their approaches change over time, and in which sectors of the economy and types of organizations the changes were most profound.Research Design and MethodsData come from two large-scale employer surveys: 2009 (n = 1,077) and 2017 (n = 1,358), representative for the Netherlands. We use a three-step group-comparison latent class analysis combined with a multinomial logistic model.ResultsWe found four clusters of organizations based on their practices regarding older workers—those trying to activate and develop their employees (active), focusing solely on exit measures (exit), implementing a combination of development, accommodating and exit measures (all), and practicing no age management (none). We find a major shift in employers’ approaches to aging workforces between 2009 and 2017, with strong decreases in those that offered no age management (47%–30%) and those focusing on exit measures (21%–6%), and an increase in active organizations (19%–52%). Active age management is no longer concentrated in large and developing organizations, but has become a standard human resources tool economy-wide.Discussion and ImplicationsOverall, there is a long-term trend away from exit measures toward the application of proactive age management measures. More involvement of employers in retaining older adults in the workplace may signal a growing awareness of the changing demographic reality.
Presence of Influenza Virus on Touch Surfaces in Kindergartens and Primary Schools
Authors: Fong Min Whui , Leung Nancy H L , Xiao Jingyi , Chu Daniel K W , Cheng Samuel M S , So Hau Chi , Li Yuguo , Ip Dennis K M , Peiris J S Malik , Cowling Benjamin J 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Backgrounds
Influenza virus can survive on some surfaces, facilitating indirect person-to-person transmission.

Methods
We collected swab samples weekly from commonly touched surfaces in 7 kindergartens and primary schools during the 2017/2018 winter influenza season in Hong Kong.

Results
We detected influenza virus ribonucleic acid (RNA) in 12 of 1352 samples (&lt;1%) collected from 7 of 11 classrooms (5 to 2 × 106 RNA copies/mL). Viral RNA was more frequently recovered from communal items inside classrooms such as bookshelves and doorknobs.

Conclusions
Surface contamination indicates the potential role of fomites in influenza virus transmission in schools. Communal items inside classrooms may cause greater potential risks of transmission during influenza epidemics.
Pollution, Ability, and Gender-Specific Investment Responses to Shocks
Authors: Molina Teresa 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper explores how labor market conditions drive gender differences in the human capital decisions of men and women. Specifically, I investigate how male and female schooling decisions respond to an exogenous change in cognitive ability. Using data from Mexico, I begin by documenting that in utero exposure to thermal inversions, which exacerbate air pollution, leads to lower cognitive ability in adulthood for both men and women. I then explore how male and female schooling decisions respond differentially to this cognitive shock: for women only, pollution exposure leads to reduced educational attainment and income. I show that this gender difference is explained by the fact that women disproportionately sort into white-collar jobs, where schooling and ability are more complementary than they are in blue-collar jobs.
WRKY10 transcriptional regulatory cascades in rice are involved in basal defense and Xa1-mediated resistance
Authors: Choi Naeyeoung , Im Jong Hee , Lee Eunhye , Lee Jinjeong , Choi Changhyun , Park Sang Ryeol , Hwang Duk-Ju 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
WRKY proteins play essential roles as negative or positive regulators of pathogen defense. This study explored the roles of different OsWRKY proteins in basal defense and Xa1-mediated resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) infection in rice. Assays of disease in OsWRKY10KD and OsWRKY88KD lines following infection with an incompatible Xoo race, which induced Xa1-mediated resistance in wild-type plants, showed that OsWRKY10 and OsWRKY88 were positive regulators of Xa1-mediated resistance. OsWRKY10 also acted as a positive regulator in basal defense by directly or indirectly activating transcription of defense-related genes. OsWRKY10 activated the OsPR1a promoter by binding to specific WRKY binding sites. Two transcriptional regulatory cascades of OsWRKY10 were identified in basal defense and Xa1-mediated resistance. In the first transcriptional regulatory cascade, OsWRKY47 acted downstream of OsWRKY10 whereas OsWRKY51 acted upstream. OsWRKY10 activated OsPR1a in two distinct ways: by binding to its promoter and, at the same time, by indirect activation through OsWRKY47. In the second transcriptional regulatory cascade, OsWRKY47 acted downstream of OsWRKY10, and OsWRKY88 acted upstream. These OsWRKY10 transcriptional regulatory cascades played important roles in basal defense and Xa1-mediated resistance to enable the mounting of a rapid immune response against pathogens.
German-Jewish Esotericism: The Case of Meir Wiener’s Expressionist Kabbalah
Authors: Engel Amir 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The fact that bizarre intellectual trends and teachings, like occultism, parapsychology, and neopaganism played an important role in modern German culture is thoroughly documented by scholars of German history. Experts on German-Jewish history, however, still tend to describe German-Jewish culture as one formed around the ideals of ‘Bildung’ and the Enlightenment. As a result, German-Jewish occultism, mysticism, and other non-Enlightenment texts and authors have received relatively little scholarly attention. The present article aims to help correct this bias by introducing a new framework for the study of German-Jewish culture, and by examining an all but forgotten case study: Meir Wiener and his work. After introducing the term ‘Western esotericism’, developed by scholars of religious studies, the article uses it to explore two of Meir Wiener’s strangest and virtually forgotten works. Wiener, it is shown, produced fantastically esoteric works in the context of German expressionism and Kabbalah studies, which better represent their time and place than scholars have thus far acknowledged.
Free Will and Luck: Compatibilism versus Incompatibilism
Authors: Mele Alfred R 
Published: March 2020

AbstractCompatibilists about free will maintain that free will is compatible with determinism, and incompatibilists disagree. Incompatibilist believers in free will have been challenged to solve a problem that luck poses for them—the problem of present luck. This article articulates that challenge and then explores a novel compatibilist view recently proposed by Christian List. It is argued that List’s view, unlike standard compatibilist views, faces a very similar problem about luck.
Treatment of fibrillary glomerulonephritis with rituximab: a 12-month pilot study
Authors: Erickson Stephen B , Zand Ladan , Nasr Samih H , Alexander Mariam P , Leung Nelson , Drosou Maria Eleni , Fervenza Fernando C 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Background
Fibrillary glomerulonephritis (FGN) is a rare type of glomerulonephritis with poor prognosis, with no known effective therapies available for treatment. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rituximab in treatment of patients with FGN and to investigate the effect of rituximab on DNAJB9 levels.

Methods
This was a pilot prospective clinical trial in which patients with idiopathic FGN were treated with two courses of rituximab (1 g each) 2 weeks apart at the beginning and then again at 6 months. Primary outcome was defined as preservation of kidney function at 12 months with stable or increased creatinine clearance. Secondary outcome was defined as achieving complete remission (CR) defined as proteinuria &lt;300 mg/24 h or partial remission (PR) with proteinuria &lt;3 g/24 h and at least 50% reduction in the proteinuria. DNAJB9 levels were also measured in the serum at baseline, 6 and 12 months.

Results
The creatinine clearance did not change significantly during this time, from 47.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline to 43.7 mL/min/1.73 m2 during follow-up (P = 0.15). Proteinuria declined from 4.43 (1.6–5.53) g/24 h at baseline to 1.9 (0.46–5.26) g/24 h at 12 months but did not reach significance (P = 0.06). None of the patients reached CR, and 3 of the 11 achieved PR. There was no change in the DNAJB9 levels following treatment with rituximab. The most common adverse event was nasal congestion, fatigue and muscle cramps.

Conclusions
Treatment of patients with two courses of rituximab over a span of 6 months was associated with stabilization of renal function but did not result in a significant change in proteinuria and with no change in the DNAJB9 levels.
A Sperm and Ovum Separately! Contra Marquis on Abortion and Contraception
Authors: Burkhardt Tim 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Don Marquis argues that abortion is prima facie seriously wrong because it deprives the foetus of a valuable future. This paper argues that there is no morally relevant difference between the relations that foetuses stand in to valuable futures and those that gametes stand in to such futures. Therefore, Marquis’ account implies that contraception is prima facie seriously wrong. My argument for this conclusion has a significant advantage over existing criticisms of Marquis based on controversial accounts of personal identity. It shows that the problem with his account is not his view that identity across time is a matter of merely biological relations, but his investment of those relations with moral significance. This criticism has force no matter which account of personal identity is true.
A resazurin-based, nondestructive assay for monitoring cell proliferation during a scaffold-based 3D culture process
Authors: Gong Xianghui , Liang Zhuqing , Yang Yongxing , Liu Haifeng , Ji Jing , Fan Yubo 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Development of viable cell estimation method without sacrificing proliferation and functions of cells cultured on regenerative biomaterials is essential for regenerative engineering. Cytotoxicity and depletion of resazurin are critical but often overlooked limitations that hindered applications of resazurin in viable cell estimation. The present work found that cytotoxicity and depletion of resazurin depended on cell concentration, resazurin concentration and resazurin incubation time. A simple strategy which only allowed cells to incubate with resazurin during each measurement was developed to eliminate negative effects of resazurin. This strategy was verified by monitoring proliferation of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts on poly(d,l-lactic acid) scaffold during a continuous 3D culture process for up to 21 days, comparing the accuracy with MTT assay which is a destructive assay with high sensitivity and accuracy and commonly used in regenerative engineering and comparing viability, proliferation and differentiation functions of MC3T3-E1, which were treated with/without this strategy for nondestructive evaluation. This method showed comparable linearity of standard curve and characteristics of growth curve to MTT assay. No major negative effects of this method on MC3T3-E1 viability and functions were found. Our work highlighted the importance of the concentration and incubation time of resazurin in designing application-specific nondestructive viability assay and would be helpful in improving the implanted medical devices as well as in regenerative engineering.
Exposure to Community-Based Violence on Social Media among Black Male Emerging Adults Involved with the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Motley Robert O , Chen Yu-Chih , Johnson Carnayla , Joe Sean 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The prevalence of community-based violence (CBV) exposure among black American male emerging adults ages 18 to 25 with a history of involvement with the criminal justice system is a major public health concern. Although exposure (whether as victim or witness) to CBV is linked with negative outcomes, empirical research examining black men’s negative emotional responses to seeing videos of real-life incidents of CBV on social media is scant. To address these identified concerns and make recommendations for future research, the present study examines the relationship between seeing videos of CBV on social media and three types of negative emotional responses (that is, feeling sad, angry, and fearful) prior to incarceration among a sample of 101 black men detained in a midwestern jail. Social media use and seeing videos of CBV on social media were moderately high for study participants. Seeing a video involving police violence was significantly associated with an increase in the odds of feeling sad, angry, and fearful. Social media research is an emerging area that has the potential to advance our understanding of the impact of seeing social media videos of police violence on the well-being of black men and factors that mediate or moderate this relationship.
Nitrosative Stress and Lipid Homeostasis as a Mechanism for Zileuton Hepatotoxicity and Resistance in Genetically Sensitive Mice
Authors: You Dahea , Lyn-Cook Lascelles E , Gatti Daniel M , Bell Natalie , Mayeux Philip R , James Laura P , Mattes William B , Larson Gary J , Harrill Alison H 
Published: March 2020

AbstractZileuton is an orally active inhibitor of leukotriene synthesis for maintenance treatment of asthma, for which clinical usage has been associated with idiosyncratic liver injury. Mechanistic understanding of zileuton toxicity is hampered by the rarity of the cases and lack of an animal model. A promising model for mechanistic study of rare liver injury is the Diversity Outbred (J:DO) mouse population, with genetic variation similar to that found in humans. In this study, female DO mice were administered zileuton or vehicle daily for 7 days (i.g.). Serum liver enzymes were elevated in the zileuton group, with marked interindividual variability in response. Zileuton exposure-induced findings in susceptible DO mice included microvesicular fatty change, hepatocellular mitosis, and hepatocellular necrosis. Inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine abundance were increased in livers of animals with necrosis and those with fatty change, implicating nitrosative stress as a possible injury mechanism. Conversely, DO mice lacking adverse liver pathology following zileuton exposure experienced decreased hepatic concentrations of resistin and increased concentrations of insulin and leptin, providing potential clues into mechanisms of toxicity resistance. Transcriptome pathway analysis highlighted mitochondrial dysfunction and altered fatty acid oxidation as key molecular perturbations associated with zileuton exposure, and suggested that interindividual differences in cytochrome P450 metabolism, glutathione-mediated detoxification, and farnesoid X receptor signaling may contribute to zileuton-induced liver injury (ZILI). Taken together, DO mice provided a platform for investigating mechanisms of toxicity and resistance in context of ZILI which may lead to targeted therapeutic interventions.
Post-fire effects on development of leaves and secondary vascular tissues in Quercus pubescens
Authors: Gričar Jožica , Hafner Polona , Lavrič Martina , Ferlan Mitja , Ogrinc Nives , Krajnc Bor , Eler Klemen , Vodnik Dominik 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAn increased frequency of fire events on the Slovenian Karst is in line with future climate change scenarios for drought-prone environments worldwide. It is therefore of the utmost importance to better understand tree–fire–climate interactions for predicting the impact of changing environment on tree functioning. To this purpose, we studied the post-fire effects on leaf development, leaf carbon isotope composition (δ13C), radial growth patterns and the xylem and phloem anatomy in undamaged (H-trees) and fire-damaged trees (F-trees) of Quercus pubescens Willd. with good resprouting ability in spring 2017, the growing season after a rangeland fire in August 2016. We found that the fully developed canopy of F-trees reached only half of the leaf area index values measured in H-trees. Throughout the season, F-trees were characterized by higher water potential and stomatal conductivity and achieved higher photosynthetic rates compared to unburnt H-trees. The foliage of F-trees had more negative δ13C values than those of H-trees. This reflects that F-trees less frequently meet stomatal limitations due to reduced transpirational area and more favourable leaf-to-root ratio. In addition, the growth of leaves in F-trees relied more on the recent photosynthates than on reserves due to the fire disturbed starch accumulation in the previous season. Cambial production stopped 3 weeks later in F-trees, resulting in 60 and 22% wider xylem and phloem increments, respectively. A novel approach by including phloem anatomy in the analyses revealed that fire caused changes in conduit dimensions in the early phloem but not in the earlywood. However, premature formation of the tyloses in the earlywood vessels of the youngest two xylem increments in F-trees implies that xylem hydraulic integrity was also affected by heat. Analyses of secondary tissues showed that although xylem and phloem tissues are interlinked changes in their transport systems due to heat damage are not necessarily coordinated.
Treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Jeurling Susanna , Cappelli Laura C. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose of review
This review summarizes the current evidence on treatment strategies for inflammatory arthritis because of cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), prognosis of ICI-induced arthritis, and management of patients with preexisting inflammatory arthritis receiving ICI therapy.

Recent findings
Inflammatory arthritis is the most common rheumatic immune-related adverse event observed in patients receiving ICI therapy. Most patients can successfully be treated with low doses of corticosteroids or conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). A small minority will develop severe symptoms requiring biologic therapy including TNF inhibitors and IL-6 receptor inhibitors. Many cases of inflammatory arthritis will resolve with cessation of ICI therapy. Some patients will develop persistent arthritis despite discontinuation. Patients with preexisting inflammatory arthritis (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis) commonly flare on ICI therapy, but can usually be managed with corticosteroids.

Summary
Inflammatory arthritis following ICI therapy for cancer is relatively common and the practicing rheumatologist should be able to recognize and manage it in conjunction with Oncology. The majority of patients respond to corticosteroids, but some will need treatment with conventional synthetic or biologic DMARDs. Additional studies should investigate the effects of immunosuppression on tumor response and the use of ICI therapy in patients with preexisting autoimmune disease.
Effect of Flumazenil on Hypoactive Delirium in the ICU: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: Schomer Kendra J. , Duby Jeremiah J. , Firestone Rachelle L. , Louie Erin L. , Sebat Christian M. , Love Dawn M. , Cocanour Christine S. , Albertson Timothy E. 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:
To determine whether the use of flumazenil reverses hypoactive delirium and increases delirium-free days in critically ill patients who were exposed to benzodiazepine therapy during the ICU admission.

Design:
This was a single-center, double-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled pilot study.

Setting:
Adult ICUs at a large academic medical center in the United States.

Patients:
Adult, critically ill patients with benzodiazepine exposure and hypoactive delirium based on the Confusion Assessment Method-ICU and Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale assessments were considered for enrollment.

Interventions:
Patients received a test dose of flumazenil starting at 0.1 mg intravenously and titrated up every 5 minutes by 0.1 mg increments up to a maximum total dose of 2 mg. Patients who demonstrated a Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale score increase of greater than 1 point were considered responders and randomized to flumazenil (0.05–0.3 mg/hr) or placebo infusion for up to 72 hours. Confusion Assessment Method-ICU scores were assessed twice daily for resolution of delirium.

Measurements and Main Results:
The trial was stopped early based on the observed size effect and power analysis. Twenty-two of the 25 patients responded to the flumazenil test dose (88%). The median number of delirium-free days alive without coma within 14 days of enrollment was similar between the two infusion groups (12.7 vs 9.2; p = 0.19). There was no difference in the probability of delirium resolution within the first 14 days with 90% versus 70% in the flumazenil and placebo groups, respectively (p = 0.2). There was no statistical difference (odds ratio, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.022–1.23; p = 0.079) in delirium- and coma-free days at the end of the study drug infusion. There was no difference between groups in ICU length of stay (7.8 ± 4.8 vs 7 ± 8; p = 0.74). No serious adverse events occurred.

Conclusions:
This study found that flumazenil test dose and infusion present a potential option for hypoactive delirium associated with benzodiazepine exposure; however, the possible benefit is unknown. Larger studies are warranted to further evaluate these findings.
Shared immunotherapeutic approaches in HIV and hepatitis B virus: combine and conquer
Authors: Maini Mala K. , Peppa Dimitra 
Published: March 2020

Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to identify similarities, differences and lessons to be shared from recent progress in HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunotherapeutic approaches.

Recent findings
Immune dysregulation is a hallmark of both HIV and HBV infection, which have shared routes of transmission, with approximately 10% of HIV-positive patients worldwide being coinfected with HBV. Immune modulation therapies to orchestrate effective innate and adaptive immune responses are currently being sought as potential strategies towards a functional cure in both HIV and HBV infection. These are based on activating immunological mechanisms that would allow durable control by triggering innate immunity, reviving exhausted endogenous responses and/or generating new immune responses. Recent technological advances and increased appreciation of humoral responses in the control of HIV have generated renewed enthusiasm in the cure field.

Summary
For both HIV and HBV infection, a primary consideration with immunomodulatory therapies continues to be a balance between generating highly effective immune responses and mitigating any significant toxicity. A large arsenal of new approaches and ongoing research offer the opportunity to define the pathways that underpin chronic infection and move closer to a functional cure.