bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost analysis of the flash monitoring system (FreeStyle Libre 2) in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Oyagüez Itziar , Merino-Torres Juan Francisco , Brito Miguel , Bellido Virginia , Cardona-Hernandez Roque , Gomez-Peralta Fernando , Morales-Perez Francisco 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionCompare cost of the interstitial liquid glucose flash monitoring (FM) system (FreeStyle Libre 2) versus self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Spain.Research design and methodsA model was developed to estimate, with the perspective of the Spanish health system, the annual costs associated with glucose monitoring and hypoglycemic events management in T1DM population, with multiple insulin daily doses (MDI). According to published evidence, rate of severe hypoglycemia (SHE) of 4.90 episodes per patient-year was applied. Reduction of SHE (58.6%) was modeled associated with FM use. Published rates of hospital care (20.2%) and subsequent admission (16%) were assumed for SHE. The daily consumption of strips and lancets was 9 in patients with SMBG (before and after 4 daily intakes and at bedtime) and 0.5 for FM users (according to IMPACT trial findings). Annual consumption of 26 FM sensors was considered (1 every 14 days). Unit costs (in € of 2019, excluding VAT) were obtained from literature and national databases. Sensitivity analyses (SA) were carried out to evaluate the model robustness.ResultsThe total annual cost/patient was €4437 for SMBG and €2526 for FM. The use of FM would be associated with an annual savings in the costs of monitoring and managing hypoglycemic events of €1911 per patient-year. In a hypothetical cohort of 1000 patients with T1DM MDI, FM could avoid in 1 year 4900 SHE, 93 hospitalizations for SHE. In addition, the use of FM would generate total savings of up to €1 910 000 per year. In the SA with alternative hypoglycemia events rates and use of strips and lancets, and including non-SHE episodes, savings from €370 000 to €1 760 000 were observed with FM.ConclusionsThe use of the FM system to monitor glucose in adults with T1DM treated with MDI, would reduce hypoglycemic events and would result in cost savings for the health system.
Diversification in causes of death in low-mortality countries: emerging patterns and implications
Authors: Bergeron-Boucher Marie-Pier , Aburto José Manuel , van Raalte Alyson 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionAn important role of public health organisations is to monitor indicators of variation, so as to disclose underlying inequality in health improvement. In industrialised societies, more individuals than ever are reaching older ages and have become more homogeneous in their age at death. This has led to a decrease in lifespan variation, with substantial implications for the reduction of health inequalities. We focus on a new form of variation to shed further light on our understanding of population health and ageing: variation in causes of death.MethodsData from the WHO Mortality Database and the Human Mortality Database are used to estimate cause-of-death distributions and life tables in 15 low-mortality countries. Cause-of-death variation, using 19 groups of causes, is quantified using entropy measures and analysed from 1994 to 2017.ResultsThe last two decades have seen increasing diversity in causes of death in low-mortality countries. There have been important reductions in the share of deaths from diseases of the circulatory system, while the share of a range of other causes, such as diseases of the genitourinary system, mental and behavioural disorders, and diseases of the nervous system, has been increasing, leading to a more complex cause-of-death distribution.ConclusionsThe diversification in causes of death witnessed in recent decades is most likely a result of the increase in life expectancy, together with better diagnoses and awareness of certain diseases. Such emerging patterns bring additional challenges to healthcare systems, such as the need to research, monitor and treat a wider range of diseases. It also raises new questions concerning the distribution of health resources.
Healthy living practices in families and child health: 5-year follow-up of Taiwan Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Lin Yi-Ching , Li Yi-Fan , Chiang Tung-liang 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesWe have previously developed the Child Healthy Living Practices in Family (CHLPF) Index and found that the CHLPF Index was concurrently associated with the health of children at age 3. In this follow-up study, we aimed to examine whether healthy living practices in family at age 3 predicted health of children at school age.Design and settingData came from the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study designed to assess the development and health of 24 200 children born in 2005.ParticipantsA total of 18 553 cohort members whose mothers or primary caregivers had completed 6-month, 3-year, 5-year and 8-year surveys were included for analysis, representing a response rate of 87.3%.Outcome measuresA multiple logistic regression model was used to test the relationship between mother-rated children’s health at age 8 and the CHLPF Index level, after controlling for sex, birth outcomes, family structure, parental education, residential area, family income and mother-rated child’s health at age 3.ResultsThe percentage of mother-rated good health at age 8 was 79.7%. Compared with the low CHLPF level, the adjusted OR of mother-rated good health was 1.38 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.60), 1.21 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.35) and 1.17 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.29), respectively, for high, high–low and mid-low CHLPF levels. Moreover, the prevalence of mother-rated good health at age 8 with high-level CHLPF Index in the low-income group was similar to that of the high-income group (83.72% vs 84.18%); the prevalence with low-level CHLPF Index in the low-income group was much lower than that of the high-income group (70.21% vs 78.98%).ConclusionsOur study underscores that high level of healthy living practices in early childhood is positively associated with good health at school age, particularly for children from disadvantaged families.
Medical leadership: boon or barrier to organisational performance? A thematic synthesis of the literature
Authors: Savage Mairi , Savage Carl , Brommels Mats , Mazzocato Pamela 
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveThe influx of management ideas into healthcare has triggered considerable debate about if and how managerial and medical logics can coexist. Recent reviews suggest that clinician involvement in hospital management can lead to superior performance. We, therefore, sought to systematically explore conditions that can either facilitate or impede the influence of medical leadership on organisational performance.DesignSystematic review using thematic synthesis guided by the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the synthesis of Qualitative research statement.Data sourcesWe searched PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO from 1 January 2006 to 21 January 2020.Eligibility criteriaWe included peer-reviewed, empirical, English language articles and literature reviews that focused on physicians in the leadership and management of healthcare.Data extraction and synthesisData extraction and thematic synthesis followed an inductive approach. The results sections of the included studies were subjected to line-by-line coding to identify relevant meaning units. These were organised into descriptive themes and further synthesised into analytic themes presented as a model.ResultsThe search yielded 2176 publications, of which 73 were included. The descriptive themes illustrated a movement from 1. medical protectionism to management through medicine; 2. command and control to participatory leadership practices; and 3. organisational practices that form either incidental or willing leaders. Based on the synthesis, the authors propose a model that describes a virtuous cycle of management through medicine or a vicious cycle of medical protectionism.ConclusionsThis review helps individuals, organisations, educators and trainers better understand how medical leadership can be both a boon and a barrier to organisational performance. In contrast to the conventional view of conflicting logics, medical leadership would benefit from a more integrative model of management and medicine. Nurturing medical engagement requires participatory leadership enabled through long-term investments at the individual, organisational and system levels.
Febrile Illness Evaluation in a Broad Range of Endemicities (FIEBRE): protocol for a multisite prospective observational study of the causes of fever in Africa and Asia
Authors: Hopkins Heidi , Bassat Quique , Chandler Clare IR , Crump John A , Feasey Nicholas A , Ferrand Rashida A , Kranzer Katharina , Lalloo David G , Mayxay Mayfong , Newton Paul N , Mabey David 
Published: July 2020

IntroductionFever commonly leads to healthcare seeking and hospital admission in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. There is only limited guidance for clinicians managing non-malarial fevers, which often results in inappropriate treatment for patients. Furthermore, there is little evidence for estimates of disease burden, or to guide empirical therapy, control measures, resource allocation, prioritisation of clinical diagnostics or antimicrobial stewardship. The Febrile Illness Evaluation in a Broad Range of Endemicities (FIEBRE) study seeks to address these information gaps.Methods and analysisFIEBRE investigates febrile illness in paediatric and adult outpatients and inpatients using standardised clinical, laboratory and social science protocols over a minimum 12-month period at five sites in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeastern and Southern Asia. Patients presenting with fever are enrolled and provide clinical data, pharyngeal swabs and a venous blood sample; selected participants also provide a urine sample. Laboratory assessments target infections that are treatable and/or preventable. Selected point-of-care tests, as well as blood and urine cultures and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, are performed on site. On day 28, patients provide a second venous blood sample for serology and information on clinical outcome. Further diagnostic assays are performed at international reference laboratories. Blood and pharyngeal samples from matched community controls enable calculation of AFs, and surveys of treatment seeking allow estimation of the incidence of common infections. Additional assays detect markers that may differentiate bacterial from non-bacterial causes of illness and/or prognosticate illness severity. Social science research on antimicrobial use will inform future recommendations for fever case management. Residual samples from participants are stored for future use.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from all relevant institutional and national committees; written informed consent is obtained from all participants or parents/guardians. Final results will be shared with participating communities, and in open-access journals and other scientific fora. Study documents are available online (https://doi.org/10.17037/PUBS.04652739).
Development of a checklist for people communicating evidence-based information about the effects of healthcare interventions: a mixed methods study
Authors: Oxman Andrew D , Glenton Claire , Flottorp Signe , Lewin Simon , Rosenbaum Sarah , Fretheim Atle 
Published: July 2020

ObjectivesTo make informed decisions about healthcare, patients and the public, health professionals and policymakers need information about the effects of interventions. People need information that is based on the best available evidence; that is presented in a complete and unbiased way; and that is relevant, trustworthy and easy to use and to understand. The aim of this paper is to provide guidance and a checklist to those producing and communicating evidence-based information about the effects of interventions intended to inform decisions about healthcare.DesignTo inform the development of this checklist, we identified research relevant to communicating evidence-based information about the effects of interventions. We used an iterative, informal consensus process to synthesise our recommendations. We began by discussing and agreeing on some initial recommendations, based on our own experience and research over the past 20–30 years. Subsequent revisions were informed by the literature we examined and feedback. We also compared our recommendations to those made by others. We sought structured feedback from people with relevant expertise, including people who prepare and use information about the effects of interventions for the public, health professionals or policymakers.ResultsWe produced a checklist with 10 recommendations. Three recommendations focus on making it easy to quickly determine the relevance of the information and find the key messages. Five recommendations are about helping the reader understand the size of effects and how sure we are about those estimates. Two recommendations are about helping the reader put information about intervention effects in context and understand if and why the information is trustworthy.ConclusionsThese 10 recommendations summarise lessons we have learnt developing and evaluating ways of helping people to make well-informed decisions by making research evidence more understandable and useful for them. We welcome feedback for how to improve our advice.
Alpha-1 antitrypsin governs alcohol-related liver disease in mice and
humans
Authors: Grander Christoph , Schaefer Benedikt , Schwärzler Julian , Grabherr Felix , de Graaf Dennis M , Enrich Barbara , Oberhuber Georg , Mayr Lisa , Sangineto Moris , Jaschke Nikolai , Adolph Timon E , Effenberger Maria , Moschen Alexander R , Dinarello Charles A , Zoller Heinz , Tilg Herbert 
Published: July 2020

Objective
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a global healthcare problem with limited
treatment options. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT, encoded by
SERPINA1) shows potent anti-inflammatory activities in
many preclinical and clinical trials. In our study, we aimed to explore the role of
AAT in ALD.

Design
An unselected cohort of 512 patients with cirrhosis was clinically
characterised. Survival, clinical and biochemical parameters including AAT serum
concentration were compared between patients with ALD and other aetiologies of liver
disease. The role of AAT was evaluated in experimental ALD models.

Results
Cirrhotic ALD patients with AAT serum concentrations less than 120 mg/dL had a
significantly higher risk for death/liver transplantation as compared with patients
with AAT serum concentrations higher than 120 mg/dL. Multivariate Cox regression
analysis showed that low AAT serum concentration was a NaMELD-independent predictor of
survival/transplantation. Ethanol-fed wild-type (wt) mice displayed a significant
decline in hepatic AAT compared with pair-fed mice. Therefore,
hAAT-Tg mice were ethanol-fed, and these mice displayed
protection from liver injury associated with decreased steatosis, hepatic neutrophil
infiltration and abated expression of proinflammatory cytokines. To test the
therapeutic capability of AAT, ethanol-fed wt mice were treated with human AAT.
Administration of AAT ameliorated hepatic injury, neutrophil infiltration and
steatosis.

Conclusion
Cirrhotic ALD patients with AAT concentrations less than 120 mg/dL displayed an
increased risk for death/liver transplantation. Both
hAAT-Tg mice and AAT-treated wt animals showed protection
from ethanol-induced liver injury. AAT could reflect a treatment option for human ALD,
especially for alcoholic hepatitis.
Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma with morphological features mimicking multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential: a series of six cases with molecular analysis
Authors: Song Yankun , Yin Xiaoxue , Xia Qiuyuan , Zheng Linmao , Yao Jin , Zeng Hao , Nie Ling , Gong Jing , Zhou Qiao , Chen Ni 
Published: July 2020

AimsXp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a distinctive subtype of RCC withTFE3(Transcription Factor Binding to IGHM Enhancer 3) gene rearrangement. The gross features in most Xp11 translocation RCCs closely resemble clear cell RCCs. In this study, we report six cases of Xp11 translocation RCCs with a unique multicystic architecture, reminiscent of multilocular cystic renal cell neoplasm of low malignant potential (MCRN-LMP).Methods and resultsMicroscopically, the renal mass was well circumscribed with multilocular cystic architecture. The cyst walls and septa were mostly lined by a single layer of cells with clear cytoplasm and low-grade nuclei, reminiscent of MCRN-LMP. Psammoma bodies were detected in four cases. One particular patient was misdiagnosed with benign cysts in local hospitals and led to second operation. Tumour cells were settled according to the track of the first surgical procedure.TFE3fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay confirmed the diagnosis of Xp11 translocation RCCs. FISH and RNA sequencing analyses confirmedMED15-TFE3gene fusion in all six cases. Respective patients were alive, without any recent evidence of disease recurrence and/or metastasis.ConclusionsHere, we introduce a relatively inertia-variant of Xp11 translocation RCC which mimics MCRN-LMP. The distinctive morphological condition is linked toMED15-TFE3gene fusion. In fact, renal neoplasms with morphological features of MCRN-LMP, especially those containing psammoma bodies, should be routinely evaluated for evidence ofTFE3gene rearrangements.
Gene of the month:GLIS1-3
Authors: Pinto Karen , Chetty Runjan 
Published: July 2020

TheGLIS 1–3genes belong to a family of transcription factors, the Krüppel-like zinc finger proteins. The GLIS proteins function primarily as activators of transcription (GLIS 1 and 3), while GLIS 2 functions as a repressor. Collectively, the GLIS proteins are involved in a variety of diseases in several organs ranging from Alzheimer’s disease, facial dysmorphism, neonatal diabetes mellitus, breast and colon cancers and leukaemia. In particular, loss-of-function mutations inGLIS2are responsible for an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease called nephronophthisis, which is characterised by tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and corticomedullary cysts.Of diagnostic value in current practice are the presence ofGLIS 3and1fusions withPAX8in almost 100% of hyalinising trabecular tumours of the thyroid gland. This enables its separation from papillary thyroid cancer.
Changing effect of the numerator–denominator bias in unlinked data on mortality differentials by education: evidence from Estonia, 2000–2015
Authors: Jasilionis Domantas , Leinsalu Mall 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundThis study highlights changing disagreement between census and death record information in the reporting of the education of the deceased and shows how these reporting differences influence a range of mortality inequality estimates.MethodsThis study uses a census-linked mortality data set for Estonia for the periods 2000–2003 and 2012–2015. The information on the education of the deceased was drawn from both the censuses and death records. Range-type, Gini-type and regression-based measures were applied to measure absolute and relative mortality inequality according to the two types of data on the education of the deceased.ResultsThe study found a small effect of the numerator–denominator bias on unlinked mortality estimates for the period 2000–2003. The effect of this bias became sizeable in the period 2012–2015: in high education group, mortality was overestimated by 23–28%, whereas the middle education group showed notable underestimation of mortality. The same effect was small for the lowest education group. These biases led to substantial distortions in range-type inequality measures, whereas unlinked and linked Gini-type measures showed somewhat closer agreement.ConclusionsThe changing distortions in the unlinked estimates reported in this study warn that this type of evidence cannot be readily used for monitoring changes in mortality inequalities.
Recent results on B → μ+μ− decays with the CMS experiment
Authors: Langenegger Urs 
Published: July 2020

Results on [Formula: see text] decays with the CMS experiment are reported, using 61 fb[Formula: see text] of data recorded during LHC Run 1 and 2016. With an improved muon identification algorithm and refined unbinned maximum likelihood fitting methods, the decay [Formula: see text] is observed with a significance of 5.6 standard deviations. Its branching fraction is measured to be [Formula: see text], where the first error is the combined statistical and systematic uncertainty and the second error quantifies the uncertainty of the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] fragmentation probability ratio. The [Formula: see text] effective lifetime is [Formula: see text]. No evidence for the decay [Formula: see text] is found and an upper limit of [Formula: see text] (at 95% confidence level) is determined. All results are consistent with the standard model of particle physics.
Automorphism group of the one-divisor graph over the semigroup of upper triangular matrices
Authors: Wang Xinlei , Wong Dein , Tian Fenglei 
Published: July 2020

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite field with [Formula: see text] elements, [Formula: see text] a positive integer, [Formula: see text] the semigroup of all [Formula: see text] upper triangular matrices over [Formula: see text] under matrix multiplication, [Formula: see text] the group of all invertible matrices in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] the quotient group of [Formula: see text] by its center. The one-divisor graph of [Formula: see text], written as [Formula: see text], is defined to be a directed graph with [Formula: see text] as vertex set, and there is a directed edge from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text], i.e. [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are, respectively, a left divisor and a right divisor of a rank one matrix in [Formula: see text]. The definition of [Formula: see text] is motivated by the definition of zero-divisor graph [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], which has vertex set of all nonzero zero-divisors in [Formula: see text] and there is a directed edge from a vertex [Formula: see text] to a vertex [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text], i.e. [Formula: see text]. The automorphism group of zero-divisor graph [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] was recently determined by Wang [A note on automorphisms of the zero-divisor graph of upper triangular matrices, Lin. Alg. Appl. 465 (2015) 214–220.]. In this paper, we characterize the automorphism group of one-divisor graph [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], proving that [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the automorphism group of field [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is a direct product of some symmetric groups. Besides, an application of automorphisms of [Formula: see text] is given in this paper.