bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of linear, hyperbolic and double‐hyperbolic models to assess the force–velocity relationship in multi‐joint exercises
Authors: Alcazar Julian , Pareja‐Blanco Fernando , Rodriguez‐Lopez Carlos , Navarro‐Cruz Roberto , Cornejo‐Daza Pedro J. , Ara Ignacio , Alegre Luis M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study assessed the validity of linear, hyperbolic and double‐hyperbolic models to fit measured force–velocity (F–V) data in multi‐joint exercises and the influence of muscle excitation on the F–V relationship. The force–joint angle and F–V relationships were assessed in 10 cross‐training athletes and 14 recreationally resistance‐trained subjects in the unilateral leg press (LP) and bilateral bench press (BP) exercises, respectively. A force plate and a linear encoder were installed to register external force and velocity, respectively. Muscle excitation was assessed by surface EMG recording of the quadriceps femoris, biceps femoris and gluteus maximus muscles during the unilateral LP. Linear, Hill's (hyperbolic) and Edman's (double‐hyperbolic) equations were fitted to the measured F–V data and compared. Measured F–V data were best fitted by double‐hyperbolic models in both exercises (p < 0.05). F–V data deviated from the rectangular hyperbola above a breakpoint located at 90% of measured isometric force (F 0) and from the linearity at ≤45% of F 0 (both p < 0.05). Hyperbolic equations overestimated F 0 values by 13 ± 11% and 6 ± 6% in the LP and BP, respectively (p < 0.05). No differences were found between muscle excitation levels below and above the breakpoint (p > 0.05). Large associations between variables obtained from linear and double‐hyperbolic models were noted for F 0, maximum muscle power, and velocity between 25% and 100% of F 0 (r = 0.70–0.99; all p < 0.05). The F–V relationship in multi‐joint exercises was double‐hyperbolic, which was unrelated with lower muscle excitation levels. However, linear models may be valid to assess F 0, maximal muscle power and velocity between 25% and 100% of F 0.
Microbial fuel cells with yeast biofilms anode and buckypaper cathode
Authors: Nguyen D-T , Iwai K , Ito Y , Tamura T , Taguchi K 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are expected to be the next green energy systems, which can harvest chemical energy existing in domestic waste. In this research, a two-chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC) was developed. On the anode side, an activated carbon-based electrode with biofilms of yeast cells was used as the anode. On the cathode side, potassium ferricyanide was used as catholyte, and buckypaper (BP) was used as the cathode electrode. Many researchers made BP by the chemical vapor deposition method, which is high-cost. In this research, the vacuum filtration method was used to reduce the fabrication cost of BP. The power density of the MFCs using different cathode materials was compared: (1) 2.8 µW/cm2 of carbon sheet, (2) 3.2 µW/cm2 of carbon sheet-coated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and (3) 4.3 µW/cm2 of two-layer BP. Based on the experimental results, the surface area of BP might be much larger than that of the carbon sheet-coated CNTs.
Environmental impact prediction of microalgae to biofuels chains using artificial intelligence: A life cycle perspective
Authors: Mayol A P , San Juan J L G , Sybingco E , Bandala A , Dadios E , Ubando A T , Culaba A B , Chen W H , Chang J S 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Biofuels derived from microalgae is an emerging technology that can supply fuel demand and alleviate greenhouse gas emissions. However, exclusively producing biofuels from microalgae remains to be commercially unsustainable because of its high investment and operating costs. A promising opportunity to address this are algal bio-refineries. Nonetheless, there is still a need to verify the environmental sustainability of this system along its entire process chain, from raw material acquisition to end-of-life. This study utilizes a life-cycle perspective approach to assess the sustainability of the algal bio-refinery and developed environmental impact prediction model using artificial intelligence, particularly adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system. Results will indicate the environmental impacts of a bio-refinery system identifying its major hotspots on different environmental impact categories. Results show that in the investigated proposed algal bio-refinery, the transesterification process had a huge contribution on the overall environmental impact having over 51.5 % of the total weight. In addition, ANFIS results showed the correlation of input parameters with respect to the environmental impact of the system. The model also indicated that there is a perfect correlation between the two parameters. The model and its accuracy should be further validated with the use of real data.
Factors affecting the quality of fuel pellets produced from waste biomass
Authors: Pradhan Priyabrata , Arora Amit , Mahajani Sanjay M. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The production of wood pellets has more than doubled between 2010 and 2015 to over 30 million metric tons. It is expected to grow to even more than 50 million metric tons by 2025. Thus, increasing demand for wood pellets for its energy utilization has prompted researchers to search for non-woody feedstocks. In this context, a potentially huge underutilized biomass such as garden waste can be explored as an alternative feedstock. The key factors affecting the quality of fuel pellets were evaluated during the garden waste pelletization process. Experiments were performed using a flat die pellet mill to investigate the effect of feedstock moisture content, die size, and milling size on pellet quality. Quality parameters such as pellet moisture, pellet length, bulk density, and durability were measured as per ASABE standards. Feed moisture content had a significant effect on durability and bulk density, with high quality pellets produced at the low feed moisture content (< 20%). The quality parameters of produced pellets were evaluated as per standards. It is concluded from the investigation that pellets produced at 5-10% feed moisture content using 15 mm die and fine shredded biomass satisfies the ISO standard and other norms.
The performance of thermoelectric exhaust heat recovery system considering different heat source’s fin arrangements
Authors: Sofyan Sarwo Edhy , Muhajir  , Khairil  , Jalaluddin  , Bahri Samsul 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The IC engine converts the chemical energy of the fuels into the mechanic energy with the efficiency is around 35-40% depends on the type and operation condition of the engines. It means around 60-65% of the energy is wasted mostly in the form of heat (dissipated through the cooling process and exhaust gas) and friction. A thermoelectric exhaust heat recovery system can be used to harvest the waste heat which potentially could increase the efficiency of the IC engine indirectly. In this experimental study, the heat recovery system consists of a rectangular duct in which sixteen thermoelectric modules are attached to its sides (each side consist of four thermoelectric modules). The aluminium fins are mounted at the cold sides of thermoelectric modules (at the outer sides of the rectangular duct) and cooled by air supplied by computer fan coolers. To harvest the exhaust heat of the IC engine, the heat recovery system is connected to the exhaust pipe. The effect of aluminium fin arrangements, mounted on the inner surfaces of the rectangular duct of the heat recovery device, is investigated. The arrangements include mounting of the fins at the lateral sides, top and down sides, and the whole sides of the heat recovery device. Besides, the effect of the absence of the fins at the exhaust gas passage of the heat recovery device is examined. The performance of the heat recovery system is studied when the engine operates under the no-load condition at rotational speeds of 1300, 1600, 1900 and 2200 RPM. The experimental result reveals that the voltage and current generated by the thermoelectric exhaust gas recovery system increase in line with the increase of engine speed. In addition, it is found that the highest voltage and current are generated by the whole side fin arrangement, namely 12,52V and 122 mA respectively, at an engine speed of 2200 RPM. It is observed that the finless arrangement generates the lowest voltage and current among others, namely 5.36 V and 20.43 mA.
Analysis on the natural gas distributed energy system scheme of a hospital complex in Xi’an
Authors: Liu Siyan , Kong Qiongxiang , Liang Nan , Li Guoqing , Ma Zhendi 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Natural gas distributed energy systems (NGDESs) have the advantages of peak load shifting and good economic benefits suitable situations, In the paper, the energy processes of NGDESs for large-scale hospitals in Xi’an are analyzed firstly, by considering the current policy of “grid-connected with no power injection” and the characteristics of prime mover, residual heat utilization equipment and energy consumption in hospital buildings. Secondly, the hourly cooling, heating and electrical loads of a hospital complex in one year are simulated by DesignBuilder software. Based on the further analysis of hourly loads in the year and its changes on typical days, the main devices of the NGDES are chosen optimally. The number of internal combustion engines is determined after comparing their economic benefits of different number of internal combustion engines. Finally, through comparing their initial investment and annual operating cost of the NGDES with that of the separating supply system, the results show that the annual average energy utilization rate of the NGDES is 80%, and its energy saving rate is 34.4% compared with that of the separating supply system.
A deep learning framework for energy management and optimisation of HVAC systems
Authors: Tien Paige Wenbin , Calautit John Kaiser , Darkwa Jo , Wood Christopher , Wei Shuangyu , Jay Pantua Conrad Allan , Xu Weijie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
To enable heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems to effectively work for the next generation-built environment by reducing unnecessary energy loads while also maintaining satisfactory thermal comfort conditions, this present work introduces a demand-driven deep learning-based framework, which can be integrated with building energy management systems and provide accurate predictions of occupancy activities. The developed framework utilises a deep learning algorithm and an artificial intelligence-powered camera. Tests are performed with new data fed into the framework which enables predictions of typical activities in buildings; walking, standing sitting and napping. Building energy simulation was used with various occupancy profile schedules: two typical static office occupancy profiles, a schedule generated via the deep learning framework and an actual prediction profile. An office space within a case study building was modelled. Initial results showed that the overall occupancy heat gains were up to 30.56% lower when the deep learning generated profile was used; as compared to the static office occupancy profile. This indicated a 0.015 kW decrease in occupancy gains, which also influenced the increase in building heating loads. Analysis indicates the occupancy detection-based framework is a potential solution for the development of effective heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems. Additionally, the requirement for the deep learning framework to work for multiple occupancy activity detection and recognition was identified.
Numerical study of waste heat recovery by direct heat exchanger systems
Authors: Kalantari Hosein , Ghoreishi-Madiseh Seyed Ali , Amiri Leyla , Sasmito Agus P. , Hassani Ferri 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Dependency on fossil fuel and associated carbon footprints have increased the urge to look for methods to increase the thermal efficiency of heating and cooling systems. Exhaust air heat recovery system is one of the promising solutions with viable potential in industrial applications such as mine ventilation and so on. Direct contact heat exchangers can be feasibly used in these applications due to their characteristic advantages such as the ability to exchange at low temperature differences. Given the numerous advantages of such systems, there is a need for thorough understanding of the complex fluid flow and heat transfer performance of these heat exchangers. While water spray is commonly used for capturing the heat from exhaust air in direct heat exchange systems, performance of such system is highly dependent on the various operating parameters such as droplet size distribution, continuous phase temperature, velocity and relative humidity, spray nozzle angle and discrete phase temperature and velocity which is required to be studied in greater depth. Computational Fluid Dynamics can play a key role to investigate the performance of these two-phase flow systems. In this paper, a three-dimensional two-phase model has been presented to study heat recovery from exhaust air by using direct spray water heat recovery systems. Also, an analytical model has been developed using a self-written MATLAB code and compared to the numerical one. The results of the study show that the analytical model can capture the CFD runs outcomes with a high degree of accuracy. Also, the conducted parametric study confirms the dominant impacts of droplet size distribution and air flow rate on the performance of the system.
Urban road and pavement solar collector system for heat island mitigation: assessing the beneficial impact on outdoor temperature
Authors: Nasir Siti Diana , Xu Weijie , Vital Becky , Pantua Conrad , Zhou Bochao , Calautit John , Hughes Ben 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Road renewable energy system has raised much attention from both industrial and academic research on how abundant solar radiation absorbed by road surfaces can be collected while reducing the impact of high surface temperature towards urban environment. Cities consume about 3% of total global land mass with road and parking lots consuming around 35 to 50% of land use footprint. These urban road networks permit the dynamic movement of human activities and physical development of the cities. Remarkably, researches have given much spaces to explore on how roads can contribute to make cities more sustainable. Therefore, ideas on road renewable energy system have surfaced to its audiences. The heat island effect has been reported to raise temperature up to 12°C in urban areas which affects building cooling energy load and simultaneously the people comfort. High discomfort can lead to high energy and cost utilisation, which further worsens the issue. This study assessed the beneficial impacts of urban road pavement solar collector towards reducing outdoor temperature by carrying out de-coupled numerical modelling of an urban canyon model integrated with the pavement solar collector in ANSYS FLUENT, validated with experimental data. Numerical results showed up to 4.67 °C air temperature reduction and up to 27.0 % surface temperature reduction after the U-RPSC application. When applying to street canyon with different heights, the concern was highlighted on the system performance in reducing potential UHI effect in deeper canyon during less windy condition and during the night-time. The study also presents the experimental work on the performance of a laboratory-scale U-RPSC system.
Development of an immersed boundary-thermal lattice boltzmann solver for fluid-particle interaction in energy management systems
Authors: Majumder Sambit , Ghosh Arnab , Basu Dipankar N , Natarajan Ganesh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Computer simulations of a wide range of applications like materials processing, thermal energy storage and conversion systems, nuclear reactors, solar energy, and pollution control, etc. are of high importance in this era. In many of these applications, strong thermofluidic interactions between fluid and structures exist. Efficient and accurate numerical modelling of these interactions provide initial predictions of the process, but at times, it becomes challenging where complex shape of the structures is involved. To address this issue, often numerical methods that are proposed suffer lower computational accuracy and complex algorithms to capture interfacial predictions. In this paper, development, accuracy study and robustness of an in-house openMP parallelized Immersed Boundary-Thermal Lattice-Boltzmann (IB-TLB) solver are presented, which is capable of simulating complex boundary problems involving thermal interactions and accurately capture interfacial predictions. The solver showed excellent agreement with literature for a natural convection problem involving eccentrically placed stationary heated cylinder inside a cold square enclosure and forced convection around an iso-thermal circular cylinder. The numerical simulation of moving bodies is already quite a complex problem and the complexity increases further when we introduce heat transfer phenomena in it. Spatial order of accuracy test revealed, the IB-TLB algorithm exhibits first-order accuracy for velocity and temperature errors while pressure error retained second-order accuracy for moving boundary problems. It is also observed that the present algorithm can accurately predict local parameters like coefficient of pressure and Nusselt number with good accuracy and thus possesses promising potential to simulate complex moving boundary problems. The present solver will find its application in a wide range of areas such as heat exchangers, solar energy systems and chemical and food industries etc.
ASEAN power grid 20 years after: An overview of its progress and achievements
Authors: Aris Hazleen , Jørgensen Bo Nørregaard 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
ASEAN Power Grid (APG) is one of the six programme areas initially identified in the first ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (APAEC) series, APAEC 1999-2004. It is an initiative to ensure security and sustainability of energy in the region, particularly the electricity. In each series, the APG objectives, strategies and actions are revised and updated to reflect its current state and progress. It has been twenty years since the first APAEC series and a lot of APG strategies and actions have been implemented to achieve the stated objectives. It is therefore timely to review the current state of its implementation to gain insight on its progress. In this paper, the action plans are presented and their current states of implementation are reviewed with the aim to determine their progress and achievements to date. Most of the information needed for this study was obtained from the official APAEC reports, related documents and news cuttings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first ever work that comprehensively review the progress and achievement of the APG to date. Existing reports are usually written per timeframe rather than per programme area, making it difficult to delve deeper into a specific programme area. Among others, findings from the review show that most of the implemented actions were focusing on the physical interconnections of the power grid and a lot still need to be done with regards to the trading. However, encouraging progress with regards to trading is also seen lately. Findings from this study would provide useful insight on the current state of the APG implementation, particularly when the relevant committees are currently drafting the second phase of the APAEC 2016-2025 that will cover the period from 2021 to 2025.
High performance iron-based oxygen reduction catalyst supported on sengon wood-derived reduced graphene oxide in acidic medium
Authors: Sudarsono W , Wong W Y , Loh K S , Majlan E H , Syarif N , Kok K Y , Yunus R M , Lim K L 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Non-precious metals (NPM) such as iron and nitrogen-doped carbon (Fe-N-C) have been actively studied as alternative electrocatalysts to platinum for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). However, its low stability is associated to the structural morphology of the electrode made of Fe-N-C and its support that has restricted the mass transfer of fuel and product. In this work, it was attempted to assess the role of RGO derived from sengon wood as catalyst support to Fe-N-C catalyst, and study the effect of the Fe-N-C to RGO ratio, on the ORR activity and durability in acidic medium. This work revealed that Fe-N-C/RGO at the weight ratio of 2:0.2 demonstrated the highest onset potential of 0.91 V, with high limiting current density of 5.7 mA/cm2, owing to the uniform active site distribution on the Fe-N-C/RGO surface compared to other samples with different weight ratio. It was indicated in this work that an improve in the kinetic activity was observed with increase operating temperature from 25 to 80 °C. An electron transfer number of 3.91 indicating a complete oxygen reduction process took place on the catalyst. The durability test showed that Fe-N-C/RGO 2:0.2 retained 89 % of its current density at 0.25 V over a duration of 16000 s, higher than that of the benchmark Pt/C. These results have collectively demonstrated a high performance sustainable noble metal-free ORR catalyst for PEMFC applications with proper tailoring the mass ratio of Fe-N-C to RGO support.
Enhanced oil recovery: Potential for oil production development in Fang oilfield, Thailand
Authors: Maneeintr Kreangkrai , Chewaroungroaj Jirawat , Boonpramote Thitisak 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Fang oilfield is a small onshore reservoir in Thailand containing oil with gravity ranging from 20-40 °API and viscosity of approximately 10-120 cp. The depth of this field is from 300-1,200 meters and the sand thickness is varied from of 1 to 7 meters. For over 60 years of natural production, the field has low oil recovery. The difficulty has been attributed to the unfavorable production. Waterflooding, a secondary recovery, has been studied and the results show that the recovery can increase 4-6%. However, the production can be enhanced more with the tertiary recovery methods or enhanced oil recovery (EOR) which are recommended to increase oil production in this challenging field. However, the proper technologies have not been studied for commercial production yet. These technologies can be thermal recovery, gas injection, microbial enhanced oil recovery and chemical methods. Therefore, it will be the objective of this work to review and screen the EOR method to fit well with oil production in Fang oilfield in order to increase oil production. From this EOR screening, the main results from this study reveal that chemical injection is more appropriate for this field than other techniques because of reservoir characteristics and reservoir fluids. Based on the types of oil and composition in the oil, adding alkaline solution and surfactant can improve oil recovery because they can reduce interfacial tension of oil and to make the mobility higher. On the other hand, for other techniques, thermal recovery can increase mobility because of wax formation but it has higher cost. CO2 injection can increase more oil production. Nevertheless, the sources of CO2 has less supply and is expensive. Now, microbial enhanced oil recovery is on the beginning state and can provide the good potential. Consequently, based on the revision and screening method, the chemical method provide the higher commercial potential and feasibility to enhance oil production in Fang oilfield and the result of this study can be applied to design the plan of oil production operation in the oilfield in the future.