bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of public support in the implementation of green transportation in the smart cities
Authors: Mao Jia , Sun Qi , Wang Xi , Muthu BalaAnand , Krishnamoorthy Sujatha 
Published: April 2020

AbstractSmart cities are increasingly evolving, initializing new strategies, and programs that have a significant influence on policy making and scheduling while coexisting with urban facilities. To recognize urban planning offers to a smarter city context, it is now necessary to understand the contribution of the smart city in overall urban planning and vice versa. Currently, transportation has been seen as a connection to all aspects of life across the world. This article presents the results of a survey testing into whether the public supports the concept of green transportation in the smart cities. The green urban mobility model has been proposed to investigate urban traffic information to characterize important features of smart mobility in the smart cities. The development of intelligent transportation systems using the proposed model that makes traffic easier in the city to transport safe and more comfortable. The experimental results suggest the required factors of green transportation and realistic behavior of smart mobility.
Cover Image, Volume 22, Issue 5
Authors: Ji Linong , Wan Hailong , Wen Binhong , Wang Xueying , Wang Junfen , Bian Rongwen , Pang Wuyan , Tian Jian , Wang Yan , Bian Fang , Gao Zhengnan , Condoleon Alex , Feng Wei , Zhang Xia , Cui Nan 
Published: April 2020

The cover image is based on the Original Article Higher versus standard starting dose of insulin glargine 100 U/mL in overweight or obese Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: results of a multicentre, open‐label, randomised controlled trial (BEYOND VII) by Linong Ji, Xia Zhang, Wuyan Pang et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13967.
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Effect of temperature on egg production in the common housefly
Authors: Francuski Ljubinka , Jansen Walter , Beukeboom Leo W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMusca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), better known as the common housefly, is increasingly considered to be a new, alternative protein source for animal nutrition. By transferring low‐value organic side streams into high‐value protein products, its commercial production contributes to a circular economy. Next to technical innovations for scaling‐up the production capacity, efficient egg production has been identified as one of the bottlenecks of housefly production systems. We investigated egg production in two strains, one originally from Spain (SPA) and one from The Netherlands (GK), at 25 and 32 °C. At 25 °C, duration of preoviposition period, laying phase, and adult longevity was longer than at 32 °C. Lifetime egg production was lower at 32 °C, but the number of clutches laid per female was unaffected by temperature. Daily egg production at 32 °C was higher during the first 7 days, revealing a trade‐off between higher early‐in‐life reproductive effort and adult longevity. The combination of shorter sexual maturation period and higher daily egg‐laying rate resulted in reaching 50% of total egg production only 6 days after emergence at 32 °C for both strains, compared to 13 and 14 days at 25 °C for SPA and GK, respectively. We conclude that, in the absence of a need for high adult survival rates, houseflies have favourable production performances at higher temperature, and that efficacy and yield of the production process could be maximized by increasing the rearing temperature to 32 °C.
The effects of ecoregions and local environmental characteristics on spatial patterns in boreal riverine fish assemblages
Authors: Vehanen Teppo , Sutela Tapio , Harjunpää Anna 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe conservation, management and monitoring of aquatic resources should benefit from understanding their spatial structuring. In this paper, we used the reference condition approach (RCA) to test if the variability in biotic communities, riverine fish assemblages in the present case, is better controlled with a spatial delineation based on ecoregions or by grouping rivers with local catchment characteristics. Electrofishing data from 493 riffles in 99 rivers in Finland were used in the analysis. We completed multivariate analyses (nonmetric multidimensional scaling, multiresponse permutation procedures) to identify differences in fish community composition among groups based on ecoregions or catchment characteristics. We concluded that both regional processes and local environmental characteristics structured fish populations, and bioassessment of freshwaters should be based on regional spatial delineations, supported by local scale characteristics. Spatial delineations like ecoregions should be used to assist the bioassessment to improve the efficiency to detect the human impacts.
Intuitive and broadly applicable definitions of niche and fitness differences
Authors: Spaak Jurg W. , De Laender Frederik 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExplaining nature’s biodiversity is a key challenge for science. To persist, populations must be able to grow faster when rare, a feature called negative frequency dependence and quantified as ‘niche differences’ () in modern coexistence theory. Here, we first show that available definitions of differ in how link to species interactions, are difficult to interpret and often apply to specific community types only. We then present a new definition of that is intuitive and applicable to a broader set of (modelled and empirical) communities than is currently the case, filling a main gap in the literature. Given , we also redefine fitness differences () and illustrate how and determine coexistence. Finally, we demonstrate how to apply our definitions to theoretical models and experimental data, and provide ideas on how they can facilitate comparison and synthesis in community ecology.
An estimation of true Ramberg‐Osgood curve parameters for materials with and without Luder's strain using yield and ultimate strengths
Authors: Kujawski Daniel , Patwardhan Pranav S. , Nalavde Rajprasad A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEngineering tensile stress–strain curves for metallic materials typically show two different behaviours, namely, with Luder's strain and without Luder's strain. Luder's strain is more common for ductile materials, whereas high‐strength steels deform without Luder's strain. Usually, the stress–strain curves of ductile steels exhibit ultimate load where necking starts to develop. On the other hand, steels with low ductility exhibit monotonic increase of the applied load till failure without necking. Recently, Kamaya proposed a method to estimate the Ramberg‐Osgood relationship parameters for true stress–strain curves on the basis of conventional yield and ultimate strengths. This method can be not accurate enough for ductile materials exhibiting Luder's strain. Hence, a more general procedure for the materials exhibiting Luder's strain is proposed. In addition, an inverse method for assessing an ‘apparent ultimate tensile stress’ (akin to the ultimate stress of ductile materials at point of zero slope) for materials with low ductility (due to quenching or carburizing) is suggested.
A Potential New Chalcopyrite Reference Material for Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Sulfur Isotope Ratio Analysis
Authors: Li Rucao , Xia Xiao‐Ping , Chen Huayong , Wu Nanping , Zhao Taiping , Lai Chunkit , Yang Qing , Zhang Yanqiang 
Published: April 2020

Chalcopyrite is an important sulfide mineral in many types of ore deposits, but matrix‐matched chalcopyrite reference materials for microanalysis are lacking. A new natural chalcopyrite‐bearing specimen (HTS4‐6) was analysed in this study to investigate its potential as a reference material for microbeam sulfur isotope ratio measurement. Detailed textural examination and major element determination showed that the HTS4‐6 chalcopyrite grains have no growth rim or zoning. A total of 607 sulfur isotope ratio spot measurements with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) conducted on the cruciform sections, and over 120 randomly selected grains yielded highly consistent sulfur isotope ratio. The intermediate measurement precision for four measurement sessions of the 34S/32S measurement results was better than 0.39‰ (2s). Randomly selected chalcopyrite grains of HTS4‐6 were further analysed by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS, which gave a mean δ34S value of +0.58 ± 0.38‰ (2s, n = 95). The maximum variance (expressed as intermediate precision from SIMS and LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS measurements) is not worse than 0.39‰ (the SIMS value), indicating that HTS4‐6 chalcopyrite is a potential reference material for in situ microbeam sulfur isotope measurements. The mean δ34S value determined by gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GS‐IRMS) is +0.63 ± 0.16‰ (2s, n = 23), consistent with that derived by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS, and can represent the recommended value for this potential reference material.
Postauthorization safety surveillance study of antihaemophilic factor (recombinant) reconstituted in 2 mL sterile water for injection in children with haemophilia A
Authors: Motwani Jayashree , Guillet Benoit , Blatny Jan , Schilling Freimut H. , Wibaut Bénédicte , Goldstine Jimena , Nagy Andras , Doralt Jennifer , Engl Werner , Tangada Srilatha , Spotts Gerald 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionAntihaemophilic factor (recombinant) (rAHF; ADVATE®) is approved for prophylaxis and treatment of bleeding in children and adults with haemophilia A. Reconstitution in 2 mL sterile water for injection instead of 5 mL allows for a 60% reduction in infusion volume and administration time, but could increase the likelihood of hypersensitivity and infusion‐related reactions, especially in children.AimTo assess local tolerability, safety and effectiveness of rAHF 2 mL during routine clinical practice factor VIII (FVIII) replacement (on‐demand and prophylaxis) in children with severe (FVIII < 1%) or moderately severe (FVIII 1%‐2%) haemophilia A.MethodsThis was a prospective, non‐interventional, postauthorization safety surveillance study (NCT02093741). Eligible patients were previously treated with rAHF and had a negative inhibitor test result during ≤10 exposure days prior to study entry.ResultsOf 65 patients enrolled (0‐11 years of age), 54 and 11 had severe and moderately severe haemophilia A, respectively; 56 patients received prophylaxis, and 11 had ≤50 exposure days, of which 4 had ≤4 exposure days. No patients reported local hypersensitivity reactions, treatment‐related adverse events or developed inhibitors. Investigators rated overall effectiveness of rAHF 2 mL prophylaxis as excellent or good. Ninety‐four bleeding events in 34 patients were treated. Haemostatic effectiveness was rated as excellent or good for 75.8% of bleeds; 86.2% of bleeds required 1 or 2 infusions.ConclusionIn children with severe/moderately severe haemophilia A, no hypersensitivity reactions were reported with rAHF 2 mL treatment, and the safety and effectiveness are consistent with data previously reported for rAHF 5 mL.
The revised Patient Perception of Patient‐Centeredness Questionnaire: Exploring the factor structure in French‐speaking patients with multimorbidity
Authors: Nguyen Tu Ngoc , Ngangue Patrice Alain , Ryan Bridget L. , Stewart Moira , Brown Judith Belle , Bouhali Tarek , Fortin Martin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Patient Perception of Patient‐Centeredness (PPPC) questionnaire was revised, and there is a need for the questionnaire to be tested in diverse primary care populations.ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the factor structure of the Revised PPPC questionnaire (PPPC‐R) in French‐speaking patients with multimorbidity.DesignSecondary analysis from baseline data of the French arm of Patient‐Centered Innovations for Persons with Multimorbidity Study (PACEinMM Study).Setting and participantsParticipants were adult patients with multimorbidity attending primary health‐care settings.Outcome measuresExploratory factor analyses were applied to examine the factor structure of the PPPC‐R. Cronbach's alpha values were calculated to assess the internal consistency of the whole questionnaire and of each factor explored.ResultsThere were 301 participants, mean age 61.0, 53.2% female. The PPPC‐R showed very good internal consistency, with three factors: Patient‐Centered Clinical Method (PCCM) Component 1‐Exploring the health, disease and illness experience + PCCM Component 4‐Enhancing the patient–clinician relationship (Factor 1); PCCM Component 2‐Understanding the whole person (Factor 2); and PCCM Component 3‐Finding common ground (Factor 3). There was a good internal consistency within each factor (Cronbach's α = 0.87 for 8 items in Factor 1, 0.77 for 5 items in Factor 2 and 0.87 for 5 items in Factor 3).Discussion and conclusionsThe French PPPC‐R factor structure was in accordance with the underpinning conceptual model and presented with three factors. Further assessment of its validity and reproducibility are needed to allow its use as a measure of patient's perception of patient‐centeredness.
Classifying the Implementation of the EU's Normative Power in its Southern Neighbourhood: The Role of Local Actors
Authors: Dandashly Assem , Kourtelis Christos 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article examines the role of local actors in the implementation of the European Union (EU) norms in the Arab Mediterranean countries (AMCs) after 2011. It argues that their role is determined by two parameters: their degree of involvement in policy formulation and the position of other external actors towards the EU norms. Based on this categorization, the article generates a typology of the application of the EU norms, and claims that their implementation in the AMCs takes a thin or a thick form. The findings of this typology suggest that holistic and Eurocentric narratives of the EU's normative power should be revisited. The implementation of EU norms must be contextualized and is conditional upon the differentiated role of local sectoral actors. For explaining the articulation of the EU's norms, this study considers two key sectors of the revised European Neighbourhood Policy: (1) democracy promotion and (2) sustainable development.
Gut microbiota dysbiosis signature is associated with the colorectal carcinogenesis sequence and improves the diagnosis of colorectal lesions
Authors: Gao Renyuan , Wang Zhiguo , Li Hao , Cao Zhan , Gao Zhiguang , Chen Hongqi , Zhang Xiaohui , Pan Dengdeng , Yang Rong , Zhong Hui , Shen Rongrong , Yin Lu , Jia Zhenyi , Shen Tongyi , Qin Nan , Hu Zhiqian , Qin Huanlong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and AimThe gut microbiota is associated with colorectal lesions in cases of precancer and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there are apparent differences in studies on the gut microbiota in the pathogenic sequence from precancer to cancer. Here, we characterize the gut microbiota signatures of colorectal precancer and cancer and test their utility in detecting colorectal lesions in two independent Chinese cohorts.MethodsStool samples collected from patients with precancer and CRC were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and metagenomic shotgun sequencing analyses, which revealed the microbial signatures of the two disease stages.ResultsIn comparison with healthy controls, lower microbial richness and diversity were observed in precancer and intensive interbacterial associations were found in CRC. We identified 41 bacteria that showed gradual increases while 12 bacteria showed gradual decreases at the genus level gradually during the development of CRC. Novel CRC‐associated pathogenetic species were identified. Species units that contributed to altered microbial functions were identified in CRC patients and healthy controls. The microbial panel showed a comparable ability to fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in detecting CRC. However, the combination of microbes and FIT significantly improved the detection ability and sensitivity of colon lesions based on 18 genera. Microbial network analysis revealed a significant positive correlation among beneficial microbes and a negative correlation in detrimental phenotypes.ConclusionsMicrobial dysbiosis was revealed in colorectal lesions. The combination of microbial markers and FIT improved the CRC detection ability, which might assist in the early diagnosis of CRC.
Pharmacokinetics and in vivo distribution of optimized PLGA nanoparticles for pulmonary delivery of levofloxacin
Authors: Shah Sunny R , Prajapati Hani R , Sheth Devang B , Gondaliya Ekta M , Vyas Amit J , Soniwala Moinuddin M , Chavda Jayant R 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to develop and optimize levofloxacin loaded PLGA nanoparticles (LN) for pulmonary delivery employing screening and experimental design and evaluate their in-vitro and in-vivo performance. The objective was to achieve Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD) of LN of less than 5μm, sustain the drug release up to 120 h and a higher AUC/MIC at the site of action.

Methods
LN were prepared by modified emulsion solvent evaporation technique employing high speed homogenization, probe sonication and subsequent lyophilization.

Key Findings
The Pareto chart from Placket Burman screening design revealed that homogenization speed and amount of PLGA were found to be significant (P &lt; 0.05). Further analysis by 3 full-factorial design revealed that F-ratio was found to be far greater than the theoretical value (P &lt; 0.05) for each regression model.

Conclusion
The optimized formulation with desirability value 0.9612 showed mean particle size of 146 nm, MMAD of 4.40 μm and sustained the drug release up to 120 h in simulated lung fluid. Augmentation in Cmax (1.71-fold), AUC 0-∞ (5.46-fold), Mean Residence Time (6.64-fold) and AUC/MIC (6.21-fold) of LN through pulmonary route was found to significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) than levofloxacin (p. o.).
Clinical features and radiographic findings in cats with eosinophilic, neutrophilic, and mixed airway inflammation (2011‐2018)
Authors: Lee Elizabeth A. , Johnson Lynelle R. , Johnson Eric G. , Vernau William 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundIdiopathic inflammatory airway disease (IAD) in cats often is described as asthmatic (eosinophilic) or bronchitic (neutrophilic), but this designation requires collection of airway fluid and it fails to consider cats with mixed airway inflammation.ObjectiveTo identify clinical features that would differentiate inflammatory disease types.AnimalsForty‐nine cats with nonspecific airway inflammation identified by bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) between 2011 and 2018 were evaluated.MethodsThis is a retrospective study. Cats were categorized by BAL differential cytology as having eosinophilic (eosinophils >20% with neutrophils <14%, or eosinophils >50%), mixed (eosinophils 20%‐50% and neutrophils >14% or discordant inflammation from 2 BAL sites), or neutrophilic (neutrophils >14% and eosinophils <20%) inflammation. Type and duration of presenting complaints, signalment, body condition score, respiratory rate, CBC results, bronchoscopy, BAL results (% recovery, total nucleated cell count, differential cell count), and radiographic findings were compared among groups.ResultsIdiopathic IAD was diagnosed in 49 cats, with BAL eosinophilic inflammation in 23, mixed inflammation in 14, and neutrophilic inflammation in 12. Cough was the predominant presenting complaint with no difference in duration of signs among groups (median, 5.5 months). Respiratory rate and effort also did not differ. Cats with eosinophilic inflammation were significantly younger (4.4 ± 3.3 years) than those with neutrophilic (8.0 ±5.6 years) or mixed inflammation (7.5 ± 4.0 years;P= .03). Results of CBC and interpretation of radiographic findings did not differ among groups.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSubstantial overlap exists in clinical and radiographic findings in cats with various forms of idiopathic airway inflammation.
Glucose availability dictates the export of the soluble and prion forms of Sup35p via periplasmic or extracellular vesicles
Authors: Kabani Mehdi , Pilard Marion , Melki Ronald 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe yeast [PSI+] prion originates from the self‐perpetuating transmissible aggregates of the translation termination factor Sup35p. We previously showed that infectious Sup35p particles are exported outside the cells via extracellular vesicles (EV). This finding suggested a function for EV in the vertical and horizontal transmission of yeast prions. Here we report a significant export of Sup35p within periplasmic vesicles (PV) upon glucose starvation. We show that PV are up to three orders of magnitude more abundant than EV. However, PV and EV are different in terms of size and protein content, and their export is oppositely regulated by glucose availability in the growth medium. Overall, our work suggests that the export of prion particles to both the periplasm and the extracellular space needs to be considered to address the physiological consequences of vesicle‐mediated yeast prions trafficking.
Effects and sites of action of a M1 receptor positive allosteric modulator on colonic motility in rats and dogs compared with 5‐HT4 agonism and cholinesterase inhibition
Authors: Tsukimi Yasuhiro , Pustovit Ruslan V. , Harrington Andrea M. , Garcia‐Caraballo Sonia , Brierley Stuart M. , Di Natale Madeleine , Molero Juan C. , Furness John B. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMuscarinic receptor 1 positive allosteric modulators (M1PAMs) enhance colonic propulsive contractions and defecation through the facilitation of M1 receptor (M1R)‐mediated signaling. We examined M1R expression in the colons of 5 species and compared colonic propulsion and defecation caused by the M1PAM, T440, the 5‐HT4 agonist, prucalopride, and the cholinesterase inhibitor, neostigmine, in rats and dogs.MethodsM1R expression was profiled by immunostaining and in situ hybridization. In vivo studies utilized male SD rats and beagle dogs. Colonic propulsive contractions were recorded by manometry in anesthetized rats. Gut contractions in dogs were assessed using implanted force transducers in the ileum, proximal, mid, and distal colons.Key ResultsM1R was localized to neurons of myenteric and submucosal plexuses and the epithelium of the human colon. A similar receptor localization was observed in rat, dog, mouse, and pig. T440 enhanced normal defecation in rats in a dose‐dependent manner. Prucalopride also enhanced defecation in rats, but the maximum effect was half that of T440. Neostigmine and T440 were similarly effective in enhancing defecation, but the effective dose of neostigmine was close to its lethal dose. In rats, all 3 compounds induced colonic contractions, but the associated propulsion was strongest with T440. In dogs, intestinal contractions elicited by T440 propagated from ileum to distal colon. Prucalopride and neostigmine also induced intestinal contractions, but these were less well coordinated. No loss of effectiveness of T440 on defecation occurred after 5 days of repeated dosing.Conclusion and InferencesThese results suggest that M1PAMs produce highly coordinated propagating contraction by actions on the enteric nervous system of the colon. The localization of M1R to enteric neurons in both animals and humans suggests that the M1PAM effects would be translatable to human. M1PAMs provide a potential novel therapeutic option for constipation disorders.