bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal diagnosis and clinical significance of cephalocele—A single institution experience and literature review
Authors: Dąbkowska Sylwia , Kucińska‐Chahwan Anna , Beneturska Anna , Ilnicka Alicja , Nowakowska Beata , Panek Grzegorz , Roszkowski Tomasz , Bijok Julia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the frequency of genetic and additional structural abnormalities as well as pregnancy outcomes in fetuses with prenatally diagnosed cephalocele.MethodsA retrospective analysis of data retrieved from ultrasound examinations and genetic testing in fetuses with cephalocele diagnosed between 2006 and 2018 in a tertiary referral hospital along with a systematic literature search in the PubMed database on fetuses with prenatally diagnosed cephalocele.ResultsTwenty‐one out of 36 fetuses were found to have additional structural anomalies (58.3%). In four fetuses, anomalies were consistent with limb‐body wall complex, in five with Meckel‐Gruber syndrome, and in one with amniotic band syndrome. Genetic abnormalities were present in 11.1% of fetuses (trisomy 6; microdeletion 22q11.21; microduplication 16p13.11; pathogenic variant in gene CC2D2A). Twenty‐eight pregnancies were terminated (77.8%; 28/36); two were miscarried (5.6%; 2/36). All six children from pregnancies that continued were liveborn but only two survived the surgery and developed neurological sequence. Overall survival rate was 25% (2/8) with 0% intact survival.ConclusionsAdditional structural anomalies are common in fetuses with cephalocele. A significant number of fetuses have genetic abnormalities, and a detailed genetic testing should be performed in all cases. The prognosis is poor with high mortality rate and 0% intact survival.
Finding 10% hidden electricity in crystalline Si solar cells using PDMS coating and three‐dimensional cell arrays
Authors: Yun Min Ju , Sim Yeon Hyang , Cha Seung I. , Lee Dong Yoon 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOver the decades, solar cells have been developed to achieve higher energy conversion efficiency. However, the fabrication of modules has resulted in electricity production loss, but this has not attracted as much attention as the solar cells. As a result, the improved performance of solar cells has not been fully revealed at the panel scale. Furthermore, the standard testing conditions, such as 1 sun, AM1.5, which is very strong incident light, does not fully reflect the electricity production capabilities of solar panels because of performance degradation under oblique and weak illumination. Simple modification of the module fabrication process, including poly‐dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coatings and three‐dimensional (3‐D) structured modules by one‐directional angled arrays of each cell, has revealed 13.4% extra hidden electricity in solar panels with some types of crystalline silicon (Si)‐based solar cells through high transmission to short wavelength light, recapture of the light reflected from Si solar cell surface textures by the PDMS coating and enhanced power production under oblique incident light or scattered light through a 3‐D module. Further studies to find hidden electricity should be followed by the development of solar cell device structures to improve electricity production, rather than being restricted to optimizing energy conversion efficiency.
Metal–Drug–Protein Assemblies: Gd3+ Self‐Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging, High‐Sensitive Tumor‐Targeting Imaging and Efficient Chemo‐Phototherapy
Authors: Zhou Jia , Li Tianliang , Zhang Yiran , Xu Xiaoyu , Zhang Chunlei , Li Yuehua , Cui Daxiang , Cheng Yingsheng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents are broadly employed for better clinical trials in MR imaging. Magnevist solution (Gd‐DTPA), a clinical MRI contrast agent, possesses inherent shortcomings like poor r1 relaxation, short half‐time, nephrotoxicity, etc. To overcome these problems, Gd‐DTPA‐grafted protein assemblies (Gd‐P‐ABs) loading with anticancer drug cisplatin and photosentizer IR‐780 are constructed via chelation of Gd3+. Gd‐P‐ABs exhibit dual MR/fluorescence (FL) imaging–guided chemo/photothermal therapy. Interestingly, Gd‐P‐ABs behave as aggregation‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with an extremely high r1 value of 26.391 s−1 mm−1, which is about 5.5‐fold larger than Gd‐DTPA (≈4.8 s−1 mm−1). Consequently, better MRI performance is presented with the same concentration of Gd ions. When exposed to acidic tumor microenvironment and light irradiation, Gd‐P‐ABs show significant drug release capacity. Good cell killing ability in vitro is also determined due to effective folate‐targeting ability and high photo–heat conversion. In vivo MR/FL imaging results reveal that Gd‐P‐ABs possess high‐sensitivity tumor‐targeting imaging and long tumor retention, which are attributed to the folate‐targeting ability and small size effect. Combined chemo/photothermal therapy in vivo demonstrates that the tumor can be eventually ablated. Altogether, the Gd‐P‐ABs possess great potential for clinical imaging‐guided tumor therapy.
Picturing translocal youth: Self‐portraits of young Syrian refugees and young people of diverse African heritages in South‐East England
Authors: Evans Ruth 
Published: January 2020

AbstractYoung refugees and diasporic youth often have multiply located senses of self. Using a creative visual methodology, recently arrived young Syrian refugees and young people of diverse African heritages born in the United Kingdom (aged 16–20) produced digital self‐portraits to express their translocal subjectivities. Young Syrians represented themselves as “bilingual becomings”; learning English occupied their minds and was key to their imagined futures, but their hearts were often associated with the homeland they had lost. In contrast, speaking English was sometimes taken for granted in the art work produced by young people of African heritages, which portrayed hybrid, multilingual selves and translocal relationality. Both groups embraced signifiers of national, religious, and cultural identity but through their silences and omissions, dis‐identified with exclusionary notions of “Britishness,” nationhood, and citizenship. Their self‐representations provide hopeful counter‐narratives to hegemonic sociopolitical discourses that position “Black African” youth and Muslim young men as a “threat” and “illegitimate” citizens.
Injectable Cardiac Cell Microdroplets for Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Gal Idan , Edri Reuven , Noor Nadav , Rotenberg Matan , Namestnikov Michael , Cabilly Itai , Shapira Assaf , Dvir Tal 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOne of the strategies for heart regeneration includes cell delivery to the defected heart. However, most of the injected cells do not form quick cell–cell or cell–matrix interactions, therefore, their ability to engraft at the desired site and improve heart function is poor. Here, the use of a microfluidic system is reported for generating personalized hydrogel‐based cellular microdroplets for cardiac cell delivery. To evaluate the system's limitations, a mathematical model of oxygen diffusion and consumption within the droplet is developed. Following, the microfluidic system's parameters are optimized and cardiac cells from neonatal rats or induced pluripotent stem cells are encapsulated. The morphology and cardiac specific markers are assessed and cell function within the droplets is analyzed. Finally, the cellular droplets are injected to mouse gastrocnemius muscle to validate cell retention, survival, and maturation within the host tissue. These results demonstrate the potential of this approach to generate personalized cellular microtissues, which can be injected to distinct regions in the body for treating damaged tissues.
Intelligent Nanocomposites with Intrinsic Blood–Brain‐Barrier Crossing Ability Designed for Highly Specific MR Imaging and Sonodynamic Therapy of Glioblastoma
Authors: Liang Kaicheng , Li Zhicong , Luo Yu , Zhang Qiuhong , Yin Fangfang , Xu Leijing , Chen Hangrong , Wang Han 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) is the most important obstacle to improving the clinical outcomes of diagnosis and therapy of glioblastoma. Thus, the development of a novel nanoplatform that can efficiently traverse the BBB and achieve both precise diagnosis and therapy is of great importance. Herein, an intelligent nanoplatform based on holo‐transferrin (holo‐Tf) with in situ growth of MnO2 nanocrystals is constructed via a reformative mild biomineralization process. Furthermore, protoporphyrin (ppIX), acting as a sonosensitizer, is then conjugated into holo‐Tf to obtain MnO2@Tf‐ppIX nanoparticles (TMP). Because of the functional inheritance of holo‐Tf during fabrication, TMP can effectively traverse the BBB for highly specific magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of orthotopic glioblastoma. Clear suppression of tumor growth in a C6 tumor xenograft model is achieved via sonodynamic therapy. Importantly, the experiments also indicate that the TMP nanoplatform has satisfactory biocompatibility and biosafety, which favors potential clinical translation.
A hybrid DevOps process supporting software reuse: A pilot project
Authors: Ali Nazakat , Daneth Horn , Hong Jang‐Eui 
Published: January 2020

AbstractLarge software development organizations manage reusable software components through a reusable software repository in order to reduce development time and cost and to improve software quality and productivity. This paper presents a hybrid DevOps process with a systematic reuse‐based software development and management process to reduce the effort and cost required for the rework and to increase productivity. The proposed approach promotes the systematic reuse of software components based on both information retrieval and ontology‐based retrieval techniques. The reusable assets are presented in different styles to ease and support the reuse process with fine‐grained reusable artifacts. To evaluate our proposed process, a pilot project, aiming to monitor the health of a patient, was developed and monitored the reuse activities throughout the whole experiment. The results revealed that our proposed process got an average gain of 35.2% in terms of developed function points by reusing 30.63% of reusable artifacts available in the reuse repository.
Neuroanatomical and neurosensorial analysis of the Late Cretaceous basal eusuchian Agaresuchus fontisensis (Cuenca, Spain)
Authors: Serrano‐Martínez Alejandro , Knoll Fabien , Narváez Iván , Lautenschlager Stephan , Ortega Francisco 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAgaresuchus fontisensis is an allodaposuchid crocodile from the Campanian–Maastrichtian (Late Cretaceous) of Lo Hueco (Cuenca, Spain). Allodaposuchidae is a clade of European basal eusuchians, which is considered a part of the stem group of Crocodylia. The holotype and paratype skulls of Agaresuchus fontisensis were scanned on computed tomography and their internal cavities, including those of the brain, nerves and blood vessels, as well as the paratympanic sinus system and the paranasal sinuses, digitally reconstructed. The cranial endocast and pneumatic sinuses were then compared with those of other crocodyliforms. The neuroanatomy of Agaresuchus fontisensis resembles those of other mesoeucrocodylians, sharing some morphological traits with extant crocodiles. The neurosensorial and cognitive capabilities inferred from the inner skull cavity reconstructions of Agaresuchus fontisensis are similar to those of other eusuchians. The olfactory acuity of Agaresuchus fontisensis is low by crocodylian standards, closer to that of the alligatoroids rather than to that of the crocodyloids. Its visual acuity is similar to that of Lohuecosuchus megadontos, a sympatric allodaposuchid also found in the fossil site of Lo Hueco.
Global weak solutions to a Vlasov‐Fokker‐Planck/compressible non‐Newtonian fluid system of equations
Authors: Zhu Huan , Fang Li , Muhammad Jan , Guo Zhenhua 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article is devoted to a coupled microscopic/macroscopic model describing the evolution of particles dispersed in a fluid. The system consists in a Vlasov‐Fokker‐Planck equation to describe the microscopic motion of the particles coupled to the equations for a compressible non‐Newtonian fluid. An initial‐boundary value problem is studied in a bounded domain with the divergence of the velocity field keeping bounded. The existence of global weak solution is established through an approximation scheme, a fixed point argument, the lower semi‐continuity of monotone operators, energy estimates and the principle of compensated compactness.
Large elastic deflections of bars based on nonlocal elasticity
Authors: Güçlü Gökhan , Artan Reha 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this study, large elastic deflections of beams have been investigated using the theory of nonlocal elasticity. Fundamental equations have been derived for large elastic deflections and small strains in the frame of nonlocal elasticity and the solution has been made by the perturbation method. It has been observed that the difference between large elastic local and non‐local deflections and moments grows significantly as the ratio increases (γ is nonlocality parameter, L is length of beam).
Assessment of DNA damage by 53PB1 and pKu70 detection in peripheral blood lymphocytes by immunofluorescence and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Lorat Yvonne , Fleckenstein Jochen , Görlinger Patric , Rübe Christian , Rübe Claudia E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurpose53BP1 foci detection in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) by immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM) is a sensitive and quantifiable DNA double-strand break (DSB) marker. In addition, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with immunogold labeling of 53BP1 and DSB-bound phosphorylated Ku70 (pKu70) can be used to determine the progression of the DNA repair process. To establish this TEM method in the PBLs of patients with cancer, we analyzed and characterized whether different modes of irradiation influence the formation of DSBs, and whether accompanying chemotherapy influences DSB formation.MethodsWe obtained 86 blood samples before and 0.1, 0.5, and 24 h after irradiation from patients (n = 9) with head and neck or rectal cancers receiving radiotherapy (RT;n = 4) or radiochemotherapy (RCT;n = 5). 53BP1 foci were quantified by IFM. In addition, TEM was used to quantify gold-labelled pKu70 dimers and 53BP1 clusters within euchromatin and heterochromatin of PBLs.ResultsIFM analyses showed that during radiation therapy, persistent 53BP1 foci in PBLs accumulated with increasing numbers of administered RT fractions. This 53BP1 foci accumulation was not influenced by the irradiation technique applied (3D conformal radiotherapy versus intensity-modulated radiotherapy), dose intensity per fraction, number of irradiation fields, or isodose volume. However, more 53BP1 foci were detected in PBLs of patients treated with accompanying chemotherapy. TEM analyses showed that DSBs, indicated by pKu70, were present for longer periods in PBLs of RCT patients than in PBLs of RT only patients. Moreover, not every residual 53BP1 focus was equivalent to a remaining DSB, since pKu70 was not present at every damage site. Persistent 53BP1 clusters, visualized by TEM, without colocalizing pKu70 likely indicate chromatin alterations after repair completion or, possibly, defective repair.ConclusionIFM 53BP1 foci analyses alone are not adequate to determine individual repair capacity after irradiation of PBLs, as a DSB may be indicated by a 53BP1 focus but not every 53BP1 focus represents a DSB.
Migration as climate adaptation? Exploring discourses amongst development actors in the Pacific Island region
Authors: Remling Elise 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the perspectives of a set of actors devoted to development in the Pacific on climate change, migration, and adaptation. While much of the debate over climate and migration is centred around the Small Island Developing States in the Pacific, little is known about how the debate is articulated at that regional level. Drawing on poststructuralist discourse theory and using semi-structured interviews with a set of development actors working in the region, the paper discerns three distinctive discourses on climate and migration. These are (1) a main discourse that promotes international labour migration as an adaptation response and two alternative discourses that challenge the main discourse’s views, by suggesting (2) that migration is of marginal importance and engagement with socio-economic factors that influence Pacific Islands' vulnerability is more pressing, and (3) that out-migration is undesirable but that communities may have to be relocated within their countries. The paper further explores why the discourse on labour migration may have emerged and why it is being perpetuated by actors that originate outside the Pacific region. The paper concludes by suggesting that significant differentials in economic and political resources exist between the main discourse and the alternative discourses. In addition to these empirical insights, the paper adds new findings to the growing literature on the politics of climate migration discourses. Unlike earlier work that identifies a shift from an alarmist to an optimist framing, it illustrates that both alarmist and optimistic imaginaries operate simultaneously in the discourse on labour migration.
How Do Companies Respond to Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) ratings? Evidence from Italy
Authors: Clementino Ester , Perkins Richard 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhile a growing number of firms are being evaluated on environment, social and governance (ESG) criteria by sustainability rating agencies (SRAs), comparatively little is known about companies’ responses. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with companies operating in Italy, the present paper seeks to narrow this gap in current understanding by examining how firms react to ESG ratings, and the factors influencing their response. Unique to the literature, we show that firms may react very differently to being rated, with our analysis yielding a fourfold typology of corporate responses. The typology captures conformity and resistance to ratings across two dimensions of firm behaviour. We furthermore show that corporate responses depend on managers’ beliefs regarding the material benefits of adjusting to and scoring well on ESG ratings and their alignment with corporate strategy. In doing so, we challenge the idea that organisational ratings homogenise organisations and draw attention to the agency underlying corporate responses. Our findings also contribute to debates about the impact of ESG ratings, calling into question claims about their positive influence on companies’ sustainability performance. We conclude by discussing the wider empirical, theoretical and ethical implications of our paper.
Dynamic adaptive mesh optimisation for immiscible viscous fingering
Authors: Kampitsis A. E. , Adam A. , Salinas P. , Pain C. C. , Muggeridge A. H. , Jackson M. D. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractImmiscible fingering is challenging to model since it requires a very fine mesh for the numerical method to capture the interaction of the shock front with the capillary pressure. This can result in computationally intensive simulations if a fixed mesh is used. We apply a higher order conservative dynamic adaptive mesh optimisation (DAMO) technique, to model immiscible viscous fingering in porous media. We show that the approach accurately captures the development and growth of the interfacial instability. Convergence is demonstrated under grid refinement with capillary pressure for both a fixed unstructured mesh and with DAMO. Using DAMO leads to significantly reduced computational cost compared to the equivalent fixed mesh simulations. We also present the late-time response of viscous fingers through numerical examples in a 2D rectangular domain and in a 3D cylindrical geometry. Both problems are computationally challenging in the absence of DAMO. The dynamic adaptive problem requires up to 36 times fewer elements than the prohibitively expensive fixed mesh solution, with the computational cost reduced accordingly.
Dynamic models of axially moving systems: A review
Authors: Pham Phuong-Tung , Hong Keum-Shik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a detailed review on the dynamics of axially moving systems is presented. Over the past 60 years, vibration control of axially moving systems has attracted considerable attention owing to the board applications including continuous material processing, roll-to-roll systems, flexible electronics, etc. Depending on the system’s flexibility and geometric parameters, axially moving systems can be categorized into four models: String, beam, belt, and plate models. We first derive a total of 33 partial differential equation (PDE) models for axially moving systems appearing in various fields. The methods to approximate the PDEs to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are discussed; then, approximated ODE models are summarized. Also, the techniques (analytical, numerical) to solve both the PDE and ODE models are presented. The dynamic analyses including the divergence and flutter instabilities, bifurcation, and chaos are outlined. Lastly, future research directions to enhance the technologies in this field are also proposed. Considering that a continuous manufacturing process of composite and layered materials is more demanding recently, this paper will provide a guideline to select a proper mathematical model and to analyze the dynamics of the process in advance.
Driving status and health-related quality of life among the oldest old: a population-based examination using data from the AgeCoDe–AgeQualiDe prospective cohort study
Authors: Hajek André , Brettschneider Christian , Lühmann Dagmar , van den Bussche Hendrik , Wiese Birgitt , Mamone Silke , Weyerer Siegfried , Werle Jochen , Leve Verena , Fuchs Angela , Röhr Susanne , Stein Janine , Bickel Horst , Mösch Edelgard , Heser Kathrin , Wagner Michael , Scherer Martin , Maier Wolfgang , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Pentzek Michael , König Hans-Helmut 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
It is almost unknown whether the driving status is associated with HRQOL among individuals in highest age.

Aims
Based on a multicenter prospective cohort study, the objective of this study was to examine whether the driving status is associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among the oldest old in Germany.

Methods
Cross-sectional data from follow-up wave 9 (n = 544) were derived from the “Study on Needs, health service use, costs and health-related quality of life in a large sample of oldest-old primary care patients (85+)” (AgeQualiDe). Average age was 90.3 years (± 2.7; 86 to 101 years). The current driver status (no; yes) was used in our analysis. The EuroQoL EQ-5D questionnaire was used to assess HRQOL in this study.

Results
Regression analysis showed that being a current driver was associated with the absence of problems in ‘self-care’ [OR 0.41 (95%-CI 0.17 to 0.98)], and ‘usual activities’ [OR 0.48 (0.26 to 0.90)], whereas it was not significantly associated with problems in ‘pain/discomfort’ [OR 0.82 (0.47 to 1.45)] and ‘anxiety/depression’ [OR 0.71 (0.36 to 1.39)]. Being a current driver was marginally significantly associated with the absence of problems in ‘mobility’ [OR 0.60 (0.34 to 1.06)]. While being a current driver was not associated with the EQ-VAS in the main model, it was positively associated with the driving status (β = 5.00, p < .05) when functional impairment was removed from the main model.

Discussion
Our findings provide first evidence for an association between driving status and HRQOL among the oldest old.

Conclusions
Future longitudinal studies are required to evaluate a possible causal relationship between driving status and HRQOL in very old individuals.