bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interface of Internalized Homophobia and Community Connectedness on Frequency of Doctor's Visits for Rural and Urban MSM in Oklahoma
Authors: Currin Joseph M. , Giano Zachary , Hubach Randolph D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPurposeMen who have sex with men (MSM) face persistent risk of stigma, with past studies showing unequal treatments of MSM in health care settings. Contextual factors, such as internalized homophobia and connectedness to one's community, have shown to serve as a barrier or facilitator (respectively) with regard to MSM's decisions to seek preventative treatment. These studies, however, predominately feature urban populations, with less consideration given to rural MSM. The current study comparatively investigates these contextual factors between rural and urban MSM to detect differences in the frequency of doctor's visits.MethodsA 2‐by‐2 (rural/urban × doctor visit yes/no) multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to investigate if significant differences and/or interactions existed for internalized homophobia and community connectedness.FindingsResults show a significant interaction between rurality and doctor's visits in our sample of predominantly white, self‐identified gay men. Higher levels of internalized homophobia and lower levels of community connectedness were seen in rural individuals who had visited a doctor in the past 12 months and in urban individuals who had not seen a doctor in the past 12 months.ConclusionsStudy findings have implications for future public health research and for health promotion interventions, practices, and policies for MSM in rural areas. Social exclusion reinforces the invisibility of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) populations, particularly in rural areas. Stigma and marginalization of MSM promote structural barriers inhibiting care. Our results give evidentiary support for programs which inform the work of clinicians on mechanisms to create LGBT‐inclusive practice settings.
EpIG‐DB: A database of vascular epiphyte assemblages in the Neotropics
Authors: Mendieta‐Leiva Glenda , Ramos Flavio N. , Elias João P. C. , Zotz Gerhard , Acuña‐Tarazona Margoth , Alvim Francine Seehaber , Barbosa Daniel E. F. , Basílio Geicilaine A. , Batke Sven P. , Benavides Ana María , Blum Christopher T. , Boelter Carlos R. , Brancalion Pedro H. S. , Carmona María Judith , Carvalho Luciana P. , de la Rosa‐Manzano Edilia , Einzmann Helena J. R. , Fernández Manuel , Furtado Samyra G. , de Gasper André L. , Guzmán‐Jacob Valeria , Hietz Peter , Irume Mariana V. , Jiménez‐López Derio Antonio , Kessler Michael , Kreft Holger , Krömer Thorsten , Machado Giesta Maria O. , Martínez‐Meléndez Nayely , Martins Pedro Luiz S. S. , Mello Rodrigo de Macêdo , Mendes Alex F. , Menini Neto Luiz , Mortara Sara R. , Nardy Camila , Oliveira Rodolfo de Paula , A. Pereira Ana Clara , Pillaca Luis , Quaresma Adriano C. , Rodríguez Quiel Calixto , Soto Medina Edier , Taylor Amanda , Vega Michael S. , Wagner Katrin , Werneck Márcio S. , Werner Florian A. , Wolf Jan H. D. , Zartman Charles E. , Zuleta Daniel , Jiménez‐Alfaro Borja 
Published: February 2020

AbstractVascular epiphytes are a diverse and conspicuous component of biodiversity in tropical and subtropical forests. Yet, the patterns and drivers of epiphyte assemblages are poorly studied in comparison with soil‐rooted plants. Current knowledge about diversity patterns of epiphytes mainly stems from local studies or floristic inventories, but this information has not yet been integrated to allow a better understanding of large‐scale distribution patterns. EpIG‐DB, the first database on epiphyte assemblages at the continental scale, resulted from an exhaustive compilation of published and unpublished inventory data from the Neotropics. The current version of EpIG‐DB consists of 463,196 individual epiphytes from 3,005 species, which were collected from a total of 18,148 relevés (host trees and ‘understory’ plots). EpIG‐DB reports the occurrence of ‘true’ epiphytes, hemiepiphytes and nomadic vines, including information on their cover, abundance, frequency and biomass. Most records (97%) correspond to sampled host trees, 76% of them aggregated in forest plots. The data is stored in a TURBOVEG database using the most up‐to‐date checklist of vascular epiphytes. A total of 18 additional fields were created for the standardization of associated data commonly used in epiphyte ecology (e.g. by considering different sampling methods). EpIG‐DB currently covers six major biomes across the whole latitudinal range of epiphytes in the Neotropics but welcomes data globally. This novel database provides, for the first time, unique biodiversity data on epiphytes for the Neotropics and unified guidelines for future collection of epiphyte data. EpIG‐DB will allow exploration of new ways to study the community ecology and biogeography of vascular epiphytes.
2019_nCoV/SARS-CoV-2: rapid classification of betacoronaviruses and identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine as potential origin of zoonotic coronaviruses
Authors: Wassenaar T.M. , Zou Y. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The current outbreak of a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronavirus, 2019_nCoV (now named SARS-CoV-2), illustrated difficulties in identifying a novel coronavirus and its natural host, as the coding sequences of various Betacoronavirus species can be highly diverse. By means of whole-genome sequence comparisons, we demonstrate that the noncoding flanks of the viral genome can be used to correctly separate the recognized four betacoronavirus subspecies. The conservation would be sufficient to define target sequences that could, in theory, classify novel virus species into their subspecies. Only 253 upstream noncoding sequences of Sarbecovirus are sufficient to identify genetic similarities between species of this subgenus. Furthermore, it was investigated which bat species have commercial value in China, and would thus likely be handled for trading purposes. A number of coronavirus genomes have been published that were obtained from such bat species. These bats are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, and their handling poses a potential risk to cause zoonotic coronavirus epidemics.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The noncoding upstream and downstream flanks of coronavirus genomes allow for rapid classification of novel Betacoronavirus species and correct identification of genetic relationships. Although bats are the likely natural host of 2019_nCoV, the exact bat species that serves as the natural host of the virus remains as yet unknown. Chinese bat species with commercial value were identified as natural reservoirs of coronaviruses and are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Since their trading provides a potential risk for spreading zoonoses, a change in these practices is highly recommended.
Analogous wheat root rhizosphere microbial successions in field and greenhouse trials in the presence of biocontrol agents Paenibacillus peoriae SP9 and Streptomyces fulvissimus FU14
Authors: Araujo Ricardo , Dunlap Christopher , Franco Christopher M.M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTwo Pythium‐infested soils were used to compare the wheat root and rhizosphere soil microbial communities from plants grown in the field or in greenhouse trials and their stability in the presence of biocontrol agents. Bacteria showed the highest diversity at early stages of wheat growth in both field and greenhouse trials, while fungal diversity increased later on, at 12 weeks of the crop cycle. The microbial communities were stable in roots and rhizosphere samples across both soil types used in this study. Such stability was also observed irrespective of the cultivation system (field or greenhouse) or addition of biocontrol coatings to wheat seeds to control Pythium disease (in this study soil infected with Pythium sp. clade F was tested). In greenhouse plant roots, Archaeorhizomyces, Debaryomyces, Delftia, and unclassified Pseudeurotiaceae were significantly reduced when compared to plant roots obtained from the field trials. Some operational taxonomic units (OTUs) represented genetic determinants clearly transmitted vertically by seed endophytes (specific OTUs were found in plant roots) and the plant microbiota was enriched over time by OTUs from the rhizosphere soil. This study provided key information regarding the microbial communities associated with wheat roots and rhizosphere soils at different stages of plant growth and the role that Paenibacillus and Streptomyces strains play as biocontrol agents in supporting plant growth in infested soils.
Intolerance of uncertainty and threat generalization: A replication and extension
Authors: Bauer Elizabeth A. , MacNamara Annmarie , Sandre Aislinn , Lonsdorf Tina B. , Weinberg Anna , Morriss Jayne , van Reekum Carien M. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a transdiagnostic risk factor for internalizing disorders. Prior work has found that IU may be associated with either increased reactivity to threat or, alternatively, with decreased differential responding between threat and nonthreat/safety cues (i.e., threat generalization). For example, work by Morriss, Macdonald, & van Reekum (2016) found that higher IU was associated with increased threat generalization during acquisition (using skin conductance response (SCR)), as well as less differentiation between acquisition and extinction (using subjective uneasiness ratings). Here, three labs attempted direct and conceptual replications of Morriss, Macdonald, et al. (2016). Results showed that the direct replication failed, despite being conducted at the same lab site as the original study; moreover, in contrast to Morriss, Macdonald, et al. (2016), the direct replication found that higher IU was associated with greater SCR discrimination between threat and safety cues (across acquisition and extinction), as well as greater differences in uneasiness ratings between acquisition and extinction. Nonetheless, in the conceptual replications, higher IU was associated with greater threat generalization, as well as less discrimination between acquisition and extinction, as measured using SCR. Higher IU was also associated with larger late positive potentials to threat versus safety cues during extinction—results that mirror those observed by Morriss, Macdonald, et al. (2016) using SCR. Results are discussed with regards to the challenge involved in defining a successful replication attempt, the benefits of collaborative replication and the use and reliability of multiple measures.
Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling of Post‐Earthquake Ignition Probabilities Considering Inter‐Earthquake Heterogeneity
Authors: Himoto Keisuke 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPost‐earthquake fires are high‐consequence events with extensive damage potential. They are also low‐frequency events, so their nature remains underinvestigated. One difficulty in modeling post‐earthquake ignition probabilities is reducing the model uncertainty attributed to the scarce source data. The data scarcity problem has been resolved by pooling the data indiscriminately collected from multiple earthquakes. However, this approach neglects the inter‐earthquake heterogeneity in the regional and seasonal characteristics, which is indispensable for risk assessment of future post‐earthquake fires. Thus, the present study analyzes the post‐earthquake ignition probabilities of five major earthquakes in Japan from 1995 to 2016 (1995 Kobe, 2003 Tokachi‐oki, 2004 Niigata–Chuetsu, 2011 Tohoku, and 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes) by a hierarchical Bayesian approach. As the ignition causes of earthquakes share a certain commonality, common prior distributions were assigned to the parameters, and samples were drawn from the target posterior distribution of the parameters by a Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. The results of the hierarchical model were comparatively analyzed with those of pooled and independent models. Although the pooled and hierarchical models were both robust in comparison with the independent model, the pooled model underestimated the ignition probabilities of earthquakes with few data samples. Among the tested models, the hierarchical model was least affected by the source‐to‐source variability in the data. The heterogeneity of post‐earthquake ignitions with different regional and seasonal characteristics has long been desired in the modeling of post‐earthquake ignition probabilities but has not been properly considered in the existing approaches. The presented hierarchical Bayesian approach provides a systematic and rational framework to effectively cope with this problem, which consequently enhances the statistical reliability and stability of estimating post‐earthquake ignition probabilities.
Isoparametric B-Spline Elements for Immersed Boundary Explicit Dynamic Simulation
Authors: Menon Shashank , Kumar Ashok V. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractExplicit dynamic analysis has proven to be advantageous when simulating shock and impact loading, and very small time-scale events. In this article, the feasibility of using a background mesh of B-spline elements for immersed boundary explicit dynamic simulation is studied. In this approach, the geometry is immersed in a background mesh consisting of uniform regular shaped elements to avoid mesh generation difficulties. The boundary conditions are applied using the step boundary method, which uses the equations of the boundaries to construct trial functions that satisfy the essential boundary conditions. An isoparametric formulation is presented for quadratic and cubic B-spline elements and their shape functions are derived from the classical recursive definition of B-splines. The effectiveness of mass diagonalization for B-spline elements is also explored. This approach is validated using several examples by comparing with modal superposition solutions as well as past work using traditional finite element analysis (FEA) and analytical solutions when available.
Image Morphology-Based Path Generation for High-Speed Pocketing
Authors: Xiang Bingfei , Li Yingguang , Xu Ke , Yang Mengyuan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Pocket milling has long been a popular means for machining pocket features in structural parts and skins in the aviation industry. Recent advanced milling technologies pose new challenges for pocket milling path which existing contour-parallel path generation schemes cannot overcome. For high-speed machining, pocket milling path is desired to be smooth and with no tool retractions during the process, while the path stepover should be kept within a prescribed range to achieve relatively constant cutting load. These geometric constraints are also vital in the application of aircraft skin mirror milling in order to guarantee a correct and consistent thickness signal reception for real-time adjustment of the process. Traditional path optimization based on local modification can only meet a few of these constraints while others are being violated. Therefore, we propose a novel contour-parallel path generation scheme that respects all these process constraints by utilizing the idea of image morphology. The two-step scheme first generates an initial path by propagating from the rectified medial curve of the pocket shape. The initial path is then treated as a binary image being iteratively deformed and projected back into the pocket region via quadratic optimization. Experimental results show that our developed scheme can generate a smooth, tool retraction free and stepover-guaranteed path for various shapes of pocket.
Sport Ecology: Conceptualizing an Emerging Subdiscipline Within Sport Management
Authors: McCullough Brian P. , Orr Madeleine , Kellison Timothy 
Published: February 2020

The relationship between sport and the natural environment is bidirectional and critical to the production of sport products, events, and experiences. Researchers have studied sport and the natural environment within the various subdisciplines of sport management. However, given the changing climate and mounting public concern for the environment, there is pressure to reconsider the relevance and significance of the natural environment, which is taken for granted in managerial contexts. Reflecting the importance of the natural environment, the robustness of the current literature, and the potential for the future, we propose a new subdiscipline of sport management called sport ecology. Thus, we proposed, in this paper, a definition for sport ecology, (re)introduced key concepts related to this subdiscipline (e.g., sustainability, green), and highlighted the leading research that serves as the foundation for sport ecology. We concluded with a discussion on the ways sport ecology can inform—and be informed by—other subdisciplines of sport management.
Stakeholders’ Perspectives on the Effects of a PEP Grant on a District-Wide CSPAP
Authors: Abel-Berei Catherine P. , Goc Karp Grace , Fennell Marcis , Drake Elisa , Olsen Simon 
Published: February 2020

A Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program (CSPAP) can help children be physically active for 60 min/day. Physical Education for Progress grants provided opportunities to improve physical education and physical activity programming. Purpose: This study explored stakeholders’ perspectives on the effects of a Physical Education for Progress grant on a district-wide CSPAP. Method: Stakeholders included physical educators (n = 10; K–12), administrators (n = 6), and one superintendent. Individual, semistructured interviews were used to examine how the grant affected stakeholders’ perspectives of the CSPAP. Results: The grant affected the CSPAP by providing (a) opportunities for professional development, (b) opportunities to establish a K–12 curriculum map, and (c) access to equipment and resources. Discussion: Framed in social ecological theory, intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, and community levels were influenced by the grant. Interactions between levels enabled changes in all CSPAP components, especially quality PE. Conclusion: A Physical Education for Progress grant is a successful mechanism to enhance a district-wide CSPAP.
Sediment dynamics across gravel-sand transitions: Implications for river stability and floodplain recycling
Authors: Dingle Elizabeth H. , Sinclair Hugh D. , Venditti Jeremy G. , Attal Mikaël , Kinnaird Tim C. , Creed Maggie , Quick Laura , Nittrouer Jeffrey A. , Gautam Dilip 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The gravel-sand transition (GST) is commonly observed along rivers. It is characterized by an abrupt reduction in median grain size, from gravel- to sand-size sediment, and by a shift in sand transport mode from wash load–dominated to suspended bed material load. We documented changes in channel stability, suspended sediment concentration, flux, and grain size across the GST of the Karnali River, Nepal. Upstream of the GST, gravel-bed channels are stable over hundred- to thousand-year time scales. Downstream, floodplain sediment is reworked by lateral bank erosion, particularly during monsoon discharges. Suspended sediment concentration, grain size, and flux reveal counterintuitive increases downstream of the GST. The results demonstrate a dramatic change in channel dynamics across the GST, from relatively fixed, steep gravel-bed rivers with infrequent avulsion to lower-gradient, relatively mobile sand-bed channels. The increase in sediment concentration and near-bed suspended grain size may be caused by enhanced channel mobility, which facilitates exchange between bed and bank material. These results bring new constraints on channel stability at mountain fronts and indicate that temporally and spatially limited sediment flux measurements downstream of GSTs are more indicative of flow stage and floodplain recycling than of continental-scale sediment flux and denudation rate estimates.
Tsunami and tephra deposits record interactions between past eruptive activity and landslides at Stromboli volcano, Italy
Authors: Pistolesi Marco , Bertagnini Antonella , Di Roberto Alessio , Ripepe Maurizio , Rosi Mauro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Devastation associated with tsunamis is well known on the global scale. Flank collapse at volcanic islands is among the mechanisms triggering tsunamis, but very few examples document interaction between landslides and volcanic activity. The study of three well-preserved medieval tsunami deposits recently discovered along the coast of Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, southern Italy) enabled a detailed characterization of the tsunami sequences intercalated with volcaniclastic deposits and primary tephra and allowed reconstruction of the likely sequence of volcanic events. In one case, a violent explosion possibly preceded the tsunami, whereas in the youngest event, the lateral collapse of the volcano flank triggered a tsunami wave that was rapidly followed by sustained explosive magmatic activity and ensuing prolonged ash venting. The hypothesized tsunami-triggering dynamics suggests a close link between volcanic activity and flank collapse, further confirming that the persistent activity at Stromboli makes the volcano particularly susceptible to tsunami generation.
Proton structure and hollowness from Lévy imaging of pp elastic scattering
Authors: Csörgő T. , Pasechnik R. , Ster A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe recently developed Lévy imaging method enables to extract an important physics information on hadron structure at high energies and ultra-low momentum transfers directly from elastic scattering data. In this work, we employ such a model-independent method to probe the internal structure of the proton and quantify its inelasticity profile in the impact parameter space emerging in proton-proton collisions at the highest available energy of $$\sqrt{s} = 13$$s=13 TeV. The inelasticity profile function and its error band for the proton and its substructure have been reconstructed at different energies and the proton hollowness (or “black-ring”) effect with beyond 5$$\sigma $$σ significance has been found at 13 TeV.
Traversable wormholes supported by GUP corrected Casimir energy
Authors: Jusufi Kimet , Channuie Phongpichit , Jamil Mubasher 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the effect of the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) in the Casimir wormhole spacetime recently proposed by Garattini (Eur Phys J C 79: 951, 2019). In particular, we consider three types of GUP relations, firstly the Kempf, Mangano and Mann (KMM) model, secondly the Detournay, Gabriel and Spindel (DGS) model, and finally the so-called type II model for the GUP principle. To this end, we consider three specific models of the redshift function along with two different equations of state (EoS), given by $${\mathcal {P}}_r(r)=\omega _r(r) \rho (r)$$Pr(r)=ωr(r)ρ(r) and $${\mathcal {P}}_t(r)=\omega _t (r){\mathcal {P}}_r(r)$$Pt(r)=ωt(r)Pr(r) and obtain a class of asymptotically flat wormhole solutions supported by Casimir energy under the effect of GUP. Furthermore we check the null, weak, and strong condition at the wormhole throat with a radius $$r_0$$r0, and we show that in general the classical energy conditions are violated by some arbitrary quantity at the wormhole throat. Importantly, we examine the wormhole geometry with semiclassical corrections via embedding diagrams. We also consider the ADM mass of the wormhole, the volume-integral quantifier to calculate the amount of the exotic matter near the wormhole throat, and the deflection angle of light.