bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-oxidant activity of methanolic extract of aquatic flowering plant Nymphaea capensis leaf
Authors: Alam Mohammad , Biozid Md. Shahrear , Faruk Md. , Abeden Md. Jainul , Ferdous Khandoker Usran , Nitul Iffat Ara , Islam Md. Rafikul 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Nymphaea capensis is an aquatic flowering plant which is included in the family of Nymphaeaceae. Literature review on the plants of Nymphaeaceae family exhibited significant medicinal activities. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to evaluate possible anti-oxidant activity of crude methanol extract of N. capensis leaf.Method: In antioxidant study, methanolic plant extract was evaluated for 1,1-diphenyl,2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power capacity. Moreover, total phenolic and total flavonoid content of plant extracts were determined and expressed in mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry sample (mg GAE/g dry weight).Result: In the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, methanol extract showed concentration dependent inhibition of the free radicals. IC50 of Ascorbic acid was 14.84 µg/ml whereas N. capensis was 130.94 µg/ml. In case of reducing capacity, at conc. 62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000 ug/ml, the absorbances of Ascorbic acid were 0.65, 1.12, 1.45, 1.78 and 1.89 respectively. In case of N. capensis, the absorbances were 0.46, 0.75, 1.04, 1.27 and 1.50 respectively. The extract displayed a concentration dependent increase in reducing power. In the case of total phenolic content, the methanol extract of N. capensis contained a considerable amount of phenolic contents which was 215±7 of GAE mg/g. In the case of total flavonoid content, methanol extract of N. capensis contained significant amount of flavonoid contents which was 184.75±6.78 of GAE mg/g.Conclusion: These results suggested that the methanol extract of N. capensis possess considerable anti-oxidant activity.
Validation of a point-of-care capillary lactate measuring device (Lactate Pro 2).
Authors: Raa Anette , Sunde Geir Arne , Bolann Bjørn , Kvåle Reidar , Bjerkvig Christopher , Eliassen Håkon Skogrand , Wentzel-Larsen Tore , Heltne Jon-Kenneth 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The measurement of lactate in emergency medical services has the potential for earlier detection of shock and can be performed with a point-of-care handheld device. Validation of a point-of-care handheld device is required for prehospital implementation. Aim: The primary aim was to validate the accuracy of Lactate Pro 2 in healthy volunteers and in haemodynamically compromised intensive care patients. The secondary aim was to evaluate which sample site, fingertip or earlobe, is most accurate compared to arterial lactate.Methods: Arterial, venous and capillary blood samples from fingertips and earlobes were collected from intensive care patients and healthy volunteers. Arterial and venous blood lactate samples were analysed on a stationary hospital blood gas analyser (ABL800 Flex) as the reference device and compared to the Lactate Pro 2. We used the Bland-Altman method to calculate the limits of agreement and used mixed effect models to compare instruments and sample sites. Results: A total of 49 intensive care patients with elevated lactate and 11 healthy volunteers who performed a maximal oxygen consumption test to obtain elevated blood lactate levels were included. There was no significant difference in measured lactate between Lactate Pro 2 and the reference method using arterial blood in either the healthy volunteers or the intensive care patients. Capillary lactate measurement in the fingertip and earlobe of intensive care patients was 47% (95% CI (29% to 68%), p<0.001) and 27% (95%CI (11% to45%), p<0.001) higher, respectively, than the corresponding arterial blood lactate. Conclusion: Our results showed that the handheld Lactate Pro 2 had good agreement with the reference method using arterial blood in both intensive care patients and healthy volunteers. However, we found that the agreement was poorer using venous blood in both groups. Furthermore, the earlobe may be a better sample site than the fingertip in intensive care patients.
Intervention effect of fucoxanthin supplementation on cadmium-induced thyroid injury in mice
Authors: Yan Haoyue , Xing Ronge , Liu Song , Li Pengcheng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The Intervention effect of fucoxanthin, which is reportedly a powerful antioxidant, on cadmium-induced thyroid damage in mice was evaluated.Methods: Animals (N = 120) were divided into control group (given pure water, N=20) and CdCl-exposed group (given CdCl orally at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day for 30 days, N=100). Besides, the CdCl-exposed group were divided into following 5 groups (N=20) to evaluate the intervention effect of fucoxanthin: 1) negative control group (NCG, animals were supplied with pure water); 2) positive control group (PCG, animals were supplied with 50 mg/kg bw/day thyroid tablets); 3) low fucoxanthin concentration group (F1, animals were supplied with 10 mg/kg bw/day fucoxanthin); 4)medium fucoxanthin concentration group (F2, animals were supplied with 25 mg/kg bw/day fucoxanthin); 5) high fucoxanthin concentration groups (F3, animals were supplied with 50 mg/kg bw/day fucoxanthin). A 14-day treatment was conducted for these animals. The levels of T4, T3, MDA, APX and CAT were measured, and the expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, ERK1, ERK2, MEK1, eIf2α, p-eIf2α, GRP78 and GRP94 genes were determined using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR). In addition, tissue histopathology and ultrastructure were recorded and analyzed.Results: We found that injection of cadmium chloride (CdCl) decreased blood T4 and T3 levels to 27.10 ng/ml and 837.74 pg/ml, respectively. In addition, CdCl intoxication induced oxidative stress, structural abnormalities and apoptosis in thyroid follicles. Our results showed that treatment of CaCl-exposed mice with 25-50 mg/kg bw/day fucoxanthin appreciably decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by CdCl, and restored the microstructural and ultrastructural organisation of the thyroid gland towards normalcy. Compared with the negative control group, fucoxanthin treatment groups showed significantly upregulated T4 and T3 levels (52.17 ng/ml and 1669.18 ng/ml, respectively; P ＜ 0.05), relieved oxidative stress by decreasing Malondialdehyde (MDA) level and increasing Catalase (CAT) and Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) levels, and increased apoptosis inhibition through inhibiting the ERK1/2 pathway and preventing endoplasmic reticulum stress in thyroid follicular epithelial cells.Conclusion: Herein, our study provides evidence of the protective effects of fucoxanthin supplementation against thyroid damage, and suggests therapeutic potential of this pigment in cases of Cd intoxication and hypothyroidism.
Immediate Effects of First-line Thrombectomy Devices for Intracranial Atherosclerosis-Related Occlusion: Stent Retriever versus Contact Aspiration
Authors: Yoo Joonsang , Lee Seong-Joon , Hong Jeong-Ho , Kim Yong-Won , Hong Ji Man , Kim Chang-Hyun , Kang Dong-Hun , Choi Jin Wook , Kim Yong-Sun , Sohn Sung-Il , Hwang Yang-Ha , Lee Jin Soo 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Although stent retriever (SR) is recommended as a frontline device of endovascular treatment (EVT) for embolic large artery occlusion causing acute ischemic stroke, contact aspiration (CA) device showed similar efficacy in the recent trials. However, the efficacy of the both devices as first-line therapy for intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS)-related large vessel occlusion has not yet been established. Therefore, we compared the immediate effects and final outcomes of SR and CA as first-line devices for treating ICAS-related occlusions.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who underwent EVT for acute ischemic stroke from the registry of three Korean hospitals. Patients with ICAS-related occlusion who were treated within 24 hours of onset of the symptoms were included. We investigated immediate reperfusion performance, immediate safety outcomes, and 3-month clinical outcomes for the two first-line devices.Results: Of the 720 registered patients, 111 were eligible for this study. Forty-nine patients (44.1%) used SR and 62 (55.9%) used CA as the first-line device. Achieving successful reperfusion immediately after first-line thrombectomy was more frequent in the SR group than that in the CA group (77.6% vs. 43.5%, p = 0.001), with fewer additional rescue treatments (12.2% vs. 59.7%, p < 0.001). The incidence of iatrogenic dissection or rupture was lower in the SR group than that in the CA group (8.2% vs. 29.0%, p = 0.012). After additional rescue treatments, however, the final successful reperfusion rate did not differ between the two groups (SR 87.8% vs. CA 77.4%, p = 0.247), and there was no significant difference in the 3-month good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale, p = 0.524).Conclusions: First-line SR thrombectomy showed higher immediate reperfusion and less vessel injury for ICAS-related occlusions than CA. However, there was no significant difference in the final reperfusion status or 3-month outcomes from additional rescue treatments.
Global DNA 5hmC and CK19 with 5hmC positives cell contents represent a promising biomarker for predicting prognosis in small hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Jinhua , Yan Tinghua , Cui Dan , Wang Jun , Guo Fang , Shen Jialin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) exists dynamically and exhibits various regulatory functions. It’s possibly associated with tumor occurrence and malignant transformation. Nevertheless, the part of 5hmC in small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC) is still elusive. The study was directed toward characterizing 5hmC content in SHCC and assessing if global genomic 5hmC content was able to serve as a promising factor for predicting clinical results.Methods: The expression contens of 5mC, 5hmC and 5fC were assesed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS). 5hmC contens and CK19 expression were measured by immunohistochemistry(IHC) .Results: The findings in the study displayed that global genomic 5mC, 5hmC, and 5fC contents in SHCC specimens were globally reduced relative to para-tumor tissues (P<0.001), Lymph node metastasis may be found in the small HCC, the non-metastasis group exhibited higher 5mC and 5hmc contents relative to those in metastasis group (P<0.001). HBV DNA was relevant to the decrease in 5mC, 5hmC and 5fC, as evidenced by the measurements in cell lines carrying or not carrying HBV DNA. Moreover, the correlation analysis showed the negative correlation of the content of 5hmC with CK19 expression in SHCC. The decreases of both 5hmC and CK19 with 5hmC positives cell contents in genomic DNA were related to SHCC patients’ unfavorable prognosis. Compared with para-tumor tissues, the 5hmC content in SHCC specimems was dramatically reduced.Conclusions: 5hmC and CK19 with 5hmC positives cell contents in genomic DNA possibly serve as a promising biomarker for predicting prognosis in small hepatocellular carcinoma.
Quantitative analysis of proteomic profiling in constipation colon biopsies
Authors: Ye Chen , Chen Qiyi , Zhao Di , Tian Hongliang , Zhang Xueying , Lin Zhiliang , Yang Bo , Li Ning 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Chronic constipation is a common disease and between 2% and 27% of people are suffering from it in the world. Rare studies explore the diversity of genetic polymorphisms and cell metabolisms in constipation. This study provided a first analysis of constipation-related proteomic data. Methods To help elucidate the potential mechanisms responsible for constipation, proteomic profiling of human colon biopsy specimens was performed. Dysregulated proteins in disease tissues compared with normal tissues were characterized from the expression profiles by Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and Tandem Mass Tag proteomic methodology and further subjected to pathway analysis to identify altered biological processes and signaling pathways. Results A total of 5,208 proteins were identified, of which 4,522 had quantitative information. All the differentially expressed proteins displayed fold change greater than 1.3 were considered as dysregulated. Specifically, 42 proteins were up-regulated and 23 proteins were down-regulated in constipation samples. Bioinformatics analysis showed that most of the differentially expressed proteins were involved in the cellular process, single-organism process, metabolic process, biological regulation and response to stimulus. Pathway analysis of dysregulated proteins in constipation showed that the up-regulated proteins mainly participated in drug metabolism-cytochrome P450. Conclusions The TMT method followed by mass spectrometric analysis was applied to study the biopsy proteomic profiling alterations in constipation patients. Our results clearly proved that different protein profiles and signaling pathways were involved in constipation patients.
One Year of African Swine Fever Outbreak in China
Authors: Tao Dapeng , Sun Daipeng , Wei Shu , An Tongqing , Shen Guoshun , Chen Zeliang , Liu Jinling 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: African swine fever (ASF) is a major threat to domestic pigs and wild boars. Since 2018, ASF outbreak has been ongoing in China. As of August 3, 2019, a total of 151 ASF outbreaks reported in China have caused severe economic losses for many pig farmers and pork producers. The present study is to analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of ASF outbreak that occurred in several regions across China during the period August 2018- August 2019. Particularly focusing on the epidemic distribution, main transmission routes, incidence/fatality, impact on pig production capacity, and the main preventive measures adopting to mitigate the risk of ASF spread in pig farming systems by Chinese government. Results: The data show that the importance of seasonality effect, spatial distribution and the anthropogenic factors on the transmission of ASF, and further suggest that effective ASF risk management in China will require a comprehensive and integrated approach linking science and policy and will need to involve all relevant stakeholders to develop realistic policies. Conclusions: This provides an improved scientific basis to optimize current interventions as well as develop new tools and strategies to reduce the risk of African swine fever virus (ASFV) transmission to domestic pigs and wild boars.
Predicting Age in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Females to Monitor Changes in Transmission Potential
Authors: Gutiérrez Eileen Jeffrey , Riehle Michael , Walker Kathleen , Ernst Kacey , Davidowitz Goggy 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The Aedes aegypti mosquito is a vector of several viruses including dengue, chikungunya, zika, and yellow fever. Vector surveillance and control are the primary methods used for the control and prevention of disease transmission, however, there is an overreliance on measures of population abundance in surveillance programs as a trigger for initiating control activities. At the northern edge of Ae. aegypti’s geographic range, survival seems to be the factor limiting disease transmission. In this study, we sought to test the utility of using body size as an entomological index to surveil changes in the age structure of field collected, female Aedes aegypti. Methods: We collected female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes using BG sentinel traps in three cities at the northern edge of their geographic range. Collections took place during their active season over the course of three years. Female wing size was measured as an estimate of body size and reproductive status was characterized by examining ovary tracheation. Chronological age was determined by measuring transcript abundance of an age-dependent gene. These data were then combined with weather data from the estimated larval development period and adulthood (one week prior to capture). Two sources of weather data were tested to see which was more appropriate for evaluating impacts on mosquito physiology. All variables were then used to test models for predicting age via structural equation modeling. Results: We found that there was a bias in the body size of mosquitoes collected alive from the BG sentinel traps that favored large females. In comparing city-specific NOAA weather data and site-specific data from HOBO remote temperature and humidity loggers, we found that HOBO data was more tightly associated with body size. We found that body size itself was not associated with age. Of all the variables measured, we found that temperature during development, body size, and relative humidity in the one week prior to capture produced the strongest model for predicting age. The strength of models improved drastically when testing one city at a time, with Hermosillo having the strongest model for predicting age.Conclusions: Body size increased the strength of weather-based models for predicting variation in age. Importantly, we found that variability of the factors measured was greater within cities than between cities, meaning that age predictions must be made on a city by city basis. These results contribute to efforts to use weather forecasts to predict changes in the probability of disease transmission by mosquito vectors.
Changes in bowel sounds of inpatients undergo general anesthesia
Authors: Wang Guojing , Wang Mingjun , Liu Hongyun , Zhao Suping , Liu Lu , Wang Weidong 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: General anesthesia can affect intestinal function, but there is no objective and effective indicator to evaluate the inhibition and recovery of intestinal function. The main objective of this study is to assess whether bowel sounds (BSs) change before and after general anesthesia, then it can be explained that the BS can be an effective indicator of intestinal function. Methods: We randomly selected 26 inpatients and collected three sets of 5-minute continuous BSs before operation (Pre-op), after operation (Pro-op) and three hours after operation(3h-Pro-op) separately for each patient. The data were de-noised with adaptive filtering and wavelet threshold denoising, and processed with fractal dimension to identify the effective bowel sounds (EBSs). Then the linear and nonlinear characteristic values (CVs) of each EBS were extracted and paired t -test and rank-sum test were used to evaluate the changes of the BSs after general anesthesia. Results: For the difference between Pre-op and Pro-op, as well as between Pro-op and 3h-Pro-op, there are statistical differences ( p <0.05). Specifically, the linear CVs that can reflect the occurrence frequency, overall energy and overall duration of EBSs and the nonlinear CVs that can reflect the dispersion degree of stability and complexity of EBSs were statistically significant. However, there is no statistical difference in the CVs reflecting the energy and duration, as well as the stability and complexity of locally EBSs ( p >0.05). Also, there is no statistically significant difference between all the characteristic values between Pre-op and 3h-Pro-op ( p >0.05). Conclusion: The BSs change after general anesthesia. Furthermore, the BSs are weakened after general anesthesia and recovered to the state before general anesthesia three hours later. Therefore, the BS can be an indicator of intestinal function under general anesthesia, so as to provide guidance for postoperative feeding , which is of great clinical significance.
Notch signaling in mouse blastocyst development and hatching
Authors: Batista Mariana , Diniz Patrícia , Torres Ana , Murta Daniel , Lopes-da-Costa Luís , Silva Elisabete 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Mammalian early embryo development requires a well-orchestrated interplay of cell signaling pathways. Notch is a major regulatory pathway involved in cell-fate determination in embryonic and adult scenarios. However, the role of Notch in embryonic pre-implantation development is controversial. In particular, Notch role on blastocyst development and hatching remains elusive, and a complete picture of the transcription and expression patterns of Notch components during this time-period is not available.Results This study provided a comprehensive view on the dynamics of individual embryo gene transcription and protein expression patterns of Notch components (receptors Notch1-4; ligands Dll1 and Dll4, Jagged1-2; and effectors Hes1-2), and their relationship with transcription of gene markers of pluripotency and differentiation (Sox2, Oct4, Klf4, Cdx2) during mouse blastocyst development and hatching. Transcription of Notch1-2, Jagged1-2 and Hes1 was highly prevalent and dynamic along stages of development, whereas transcription of Notch3-4, Dll4 and Hes2 had a low prevalence among embryos. Transcription levels of Notch1, Notch2, Jagged2 and Hes1 correlated with each other and with those of pluripotency and differentiation genes. Gene transcription was associated to protein expression, except for Jagged2, where high transcription levels in all embryos were not translated into protein. Presence of Notch signaling activity was confirmed through nuclear NICD and Hes1 detection, and downregulation of Hes1 transcription following canonical signaling blockade with DAPT. In vitro embryo culture supplementation with Jagged1 had no effect on embryo developmental kinetics. In contrast, supplementation with Jagged2 abolished Jagged1 transcription, downregulated Cdx2 transcription and inhibited blastocyst hatching. Notch signaling blockade by DAPT downregulated transcription of Sox2, and retarded embryo hatching.Conclusion Transcription of Notch genes showed a dynamic pattern along blastocyst development and hatching. Data confirmed Notch signaling activity, and lead to the suggestion that Notch canonical signaling may be operating through Notch1, Notch3, Jagged1 and Hes1. Embryo culture supplementation with Jagged1 and Jagged2 unveiled a possible regulatory effect between Jagged1, Cdx2 and blastocyst hatching. Overall, results indicate that a deregulation in Notch signaling, either by its over or under-activation, affects blastocyst development and hatching.
The effect of renal replacement therapy on the concentration of selected arachidonic acid derivatives
Authors: Cecerska-Heryć Elżbieta , Heryć Rafał , Wiśniewska Magda , Serwin Natalia , Dołęgowska Barbara 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most frequently occurring diseases. A side effect of dialysis is, among other things, platelet activation. Arachidonic acid (AA) derivatives are released from activated platelets. In addition to being involved in many physical processes, they are also involved in the development of inflammation, asthma, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, and the pathogenesis of kidney disease. The aim of the study was to determine the concentrations of arachidonic acid (AA) derivatives (TXB 2 ,5-HETE, 12-HETE, 15-HETE), in patients with CKD.Methods:117 patients were qualified to the study group. Based on the type of renal replacement therapy, patients are divided into the following groups: hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, kidney transplant patients and conservative treatment (30; 30; 27; 30 patients). The control group consisted of 30 healthy volunteers. The concentrations of TXB 2 , 5-HETE, 12-HETE, 15-HETE, in the blood serum was measured by ELISA methods.Results: It was shown that renal replacement therapy significantly influences the concentration of TXB 2 p=0,010 5-HETE p<0,001 and 15-HETE p<0,001). There was a relationship between the type of renal replacement therapy and the duration of dialysis, and the concentration of TXB 2 , 12-HETE acid, and 15-HETE (p<0,001; p<0,001;p<0,001).Conclusions: The type of renal replacement therapy used had an effect on the concentration of arachidonic acid derivatives (TXB2, 5-HETE and 15-HETE). Apart from the type of therapy used in CKD patients, the factors significantly affecting the release of arachidonic acid derivatives were the age of patients, the duration of dialysis, the cause of CKD, and the stage of its advancement.