bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin and Small‐Size Graphene Oxide as an Electron Mediator for Perovskite‐Based Z‐Scheme System to Significantly Enhance Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Mu Yan‐Fei , Zhang Wen , Dong Guang‐Xing , Su Ke , Zhang Min , Lu Tong‐Bu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe judicious design of efficient electron mediators to accelerate the interfacial charge transfer in a Z‐scheme system is one of the viable strategies to improve the performance of photocatalysts for artificial photosynthesis. Herein, ultrathin and small‐size graphene oxide (USGO) nanosheets are constructed and employed as the electron mediator to elaborately exploit an efficient CsPbBr3‐based all‐solid‐state Z‐scheme system in combination with α‐Fe2O3 for visible‐light‐driven CO2 reduction with water as the electron source. CsPbBr3 and α‐Fe2O3 can be closely anchored on USGO nanosheets, owing to the existence of interfacial strong chemical bonding behaviors, which can significantly accelerate the photogenerated carrier transfer between CsPbBr3 and α‐Fe2O3. The resultant improved charge separation efficiency endows the Z‐scheme system exhibiting a record‐high electron consumption rate of 147.6 µmol g−1 h−1 for photocatalytic CO2‐to‐CO conversion concomitant with stoichiometric O2 from water oxidation, which is over 19 and 12 times higher than that of pristine CsPbBr3 nanocrystals and the mixture of CsPbBr3 and α‐Fe2O3, respectively. This work provides a novel and effective strategy for improving the catalytic activity of halide‐perovskite‐based photocatalysts, promoting their practical applications in the field of artificial photosynthesis.
Model based IoT security framework using multiclass adaptive boosting with SMOTE
Authors: Dash Pandit Byomakesha , Nayak Janmenjoy , Naik Bighnaraj , Oram Etuari , Islam SK Hafizul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSecurity and threats are growing immensely due to the higher usage of internet of things applications in all aspects. Due to imbalanced nature of IoT security data, the designing of model‐based anomaly detection in IoT network poses a challenge for machine learning model as most of the machine learning model assumes the equal number of samples for each class. Approximately, 2.79% of IoT network profiles are of anomaly types which impose severe imbalance where there are three samples in the anomaly types for hundreds of samples in the majority normal class. This results in poor predictive performance for identification of anomaly type, which is essentially a problem because the anomaly type is more sensitive than the normal activity type. This work proposes a multiclass adaptive boosting ensemble learning‐based model with the synthetic minority oversampling technique for prediction of an anomaly in IoT network. The proposed approaches are simulated with DS2OS data and the performance is compared with other machine learning approaches. The evaluation metrics such as sensitivity, F1‐score, and receiver operating characteristic‐AUC imply the efficiency of the proposed approach in handling the imbalanced nature of the data and found efficient to identify both anomaly types and normal activity.
Numerical conformal mapping method vs. geometrical separation attitude: Combustion motor chamber internal flow simulation
Authors: Nagler Jacob 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis paper describes the numerical solution of flow analysis in a two‐dimensional combustion chamber with two parallel inlets aided for propellants entrance, addressing a number of different problems that depend on each other: the flow affected by a discrete point in‐cell vortex, the velocity affected by the flow regime in the cell, and the combustion problem affected by the oxygen and fuel entries from the cell walls. The shape geometry of the combustion chamber is made from a square section connected with a semi‐circular one. The mathematical model of the problem consists of an inhomogeneous stream function Laplace equation coupled to partial differential mass conservation equation subjected to a wall non‐intrusion condition and known mass values in the wall openings. Algebraic conformal mapping transformation has been used for modeling the complex cell geometry. The solution was obtained by using the iterative Gauss–Seidel method for both the current function and the mass calculation. Comparison with another modeling method for calibration purpose was performed; considering each geometrical component separately whereas continuous conditions were applied between the two sections. The grid types are: (1) a uniform grid in Cartesian coordinates in the square part, and (2) a uniform circular grid in polar coordinates. It was found that different initial guesses have not effect on the final solution, but an informed initial guess affects the solution time convergence iterations number to solve the problem. Finally, the effect of the mixing vortex on the location of the flame front in the chamber was investigated.
GenTag: a package to improve animal color tagging protocol
Authors: Biagolini Carlos , Macedo Regina H. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe individual identification of animals by means of tagging is a common methodological approach in ornithology. However, several studies suggest that specific colors may affect animal behavior and disrupt sexual selection processes. Thus, methods to choose color tagging combinations should be carefully evaluated. However, reporting of this information is usually neglected. Here, we introduce the GenTag, an R package developed to support biologists in creating color tag sequence combinations using a random process. First, a single-color tag sequence is created from an algorithm selected by the user, followed by verification of the combination. We provide three methods to produce color tag sequences. GenTag provides accessible and simple methods to generate color tag sequences. The use of a random process to define the color tags to be applied to each animal is the best way to deal with the influence of tag color upon behavior and life history parameters.
Ground nesting birds in roadside borders of the Argentine Pampas: habitat use and predation risk of artificial nests
Authors: Depalma Daniela María , Mermoz Myriam Emilia 
Published: June 2020

AbstractHabitat loss and fragmentation have led to grassland bird declines, with ground nesters particularly vulnerable. Roadsides could provide habitat, although their suitability depends on several roadside and field characteristics. Vegetation structure determines foraging and nesting site availability. In addition, road delimits sharp edges where the activity of nest predators is usually higher, whereas herbaceous vegetation determines ground nest concealment. Trees could provide lookouts to predators, and modified habitat and woodlands in surrounding fields could offer additional resources to predators. Our objective was to assess habitat suitability for ground nester birds in roadsides belonging to one modified grassland of the Argentine Pampas. We surveyed birds (90 plots) and monitored artificial nests (60 plots) in different road types: unpaved, paved of one-lane per side, and paved of two-lanes per side. Within each road type, we evaluated the relationship that ground nesters abundance had with vegetation structure of roadsides and surrounding fields. In addition, we related predation of artificial nests with the proximity to the road, roadside vegetation, and modified land and woodlands of surrounding fields. We made 2832 records of 84 species using roadsides, including 1083 records of 13 ground nesting species. Abundance of ground nesters increased with tall grass cover of roadsides and decreased with the number of native trees within roadsides. Roughly half (31/60) of the artificial nests were predated and 82.6% of the identified egg-marks were of mammal teeth. Nest predation decreased with nest proximity to the road. Our results emphasize the importance of tall grass cover of roadsides for the conservation of ground nesting species, and the necessity of monitoring natural nests in order to clarify the effect of trees, proximity to the road, and other environmental variables on nest success.
„Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta“ (REBOA)
Authors: Wortmann M. , Engelhart M. , Elias K. , Popp E. , Zerwes S. , Hyhlik-Dürr Alexander 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungHintergrund„Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta“ (REBOA) stellt ein endovaskuläres Verfahren dar, bei dem ein Blockballon in die Aorta eingeführt wird, um eine distal des Ballons gelegene Blutung zu verringern und gleichzeitig die kardiale und zerebrale Oxygenierung zu verbessern.Ziel der ArbeitVorstellung der REBOA-Technik, der möglichen Indikationen, der benötigen Materialien und der möglichen Komplikationen des Verfahrens.Material und MethodenNichtsystematischer Übersichtsartikel über die aktuelle Literatur.ErgebnisseREBOA stellt gerade bei traumatisch bedingten Blutungen und rupturierten Aortenaneurysmen ein mögliches additives Verfahren zur hämodynamischen Stabilisierung dar. Die Komplikationsrate des Verfahrens liegt bei ungefähr 5 %, wobei Zugangskomplikationen im Vordergrund stehen, jedoch auch letale Komplikationen möglich sind.DiskussionEine aortale Ballonblockade wird bei der Versorgung rupturierter Aortenaneurysmen standardmäßig eingesetzt. Es gibt wachsende Evidenz, dass REBOA bei der Versorgung polytraumatisierter Patienten mit einem hämorrhagischen Schock aufgrund einer abdominellen oder viszeralen Blutung eine vergleichsweise minimal-invasive Alternative zur offen chirurgischen Aortenklemmung mittels Thorakotomie darstellt. Mit der Entwicklung neuer Ballonkatheter, die ohne Führungsdraht und mit geringeren Schleusendurchmessern auskommen, wird auch ein Einsatz bei anderen Krankheitsbildern wie postoperativen abdominellen Nachblutungen, gynäkologischen Blutungen oder als additives Verfahren bei der kardiopulmonalen Reanimation diskutiert.
Management von Patienten mit Tracheostoma während der COVID-19-Pandemie: Literaturüberblick und Demonstration
Authors: Kempfle J. S. , Löwenheim H. , Huebner M. J. , Iro H. , Mueller S. K. 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Seit dem Auftreten des neuen Coronavirus im Dezember 2019 in China haben viele Länder Schwierigkeiten, die ansteigende Zahl der Infektionen, auch innerhalb des medizinischen Personals, zu kontrollieren. Es hat sich mittlerweile deutlich gezeigt, dass das neue SARS-CoV-2-Virus insbesondere über Aerosole und Tröpfchen der oberen Atemwege übertragen wird und die Infektionsgefahr bei oberen Atemwegsprozeduren deutlich erhöht ist. Ein Anteil der schwererkrankten beatmungspflichtigen Patienten benötigt ab einem gewissen Zeitpunkt eine Tracheotomie zur langfristigen Beatmung und einfacheren Entwöhnung von der Beatmungsmaschine. Diese Patienten erfordern jedoch im Anschluss eine nicht unerhebliche Betreuung durch medizinisches Pflegepersonal, und es ist bislang unklar, inwieweit die Tracheostomapflege ein Risiko für sekundäre Infektionen darstellt.

Fragestellung
Evaluierung der Gefahr der Tröpfchenbildung bei Trachealkanülenwechsel, Überblick zum Kanülenwechsel bei COVID-19-Patienten.

Material und Methoden
Literaturrecherche, quantitative und qualitative Analyse der Tröpfchenfreisetzung bei Kanülenwechsel an n = 8 Patienten, Übersicht und Checkliste für Kanülenwechsel.

Ergebnisse
Diese Studie demonstriert, dass beim Kanülenwechsel, insbesondere bei Einführen der neuen Kanüle, eine nicht unbeträchtliche Menge an Tröpfchen entstehen kann. Eine Aerosolbildung von Partikeln kleiner als 5 µm wurde nicht untersucht.

Schlussfolgerung
Unsere Ergebnisse im Zusammenhang mit der aktuellen Literatur verdeutlichen, dass die Pflege nach Tracheotomie eine hoch risikoreiche Prozedur darstellt und nur von einer kleinen Gruppe von geschultem und gut geschütztem Personal durchgeführt werden sollte.
Exotic $$G_2$$-manifolds
Authors: Crowley Diarmuid , Nordström Johannes 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe exhibit the first examples of closed 7-dimensional Riemannian manifolds with holonomy$$G_2$$G2that are homeomorphic but not diffeomorphic. These are also the first examples of closed Ricci-flat manifolds that are homeomorphic but not diffeomorphic. The examples are generated by applying the twisted connected sum construction to Fano 3-folds of Picard rank 1 and 2. The smooth structures are distinguished by the generalised Eells–Kuiper invariant introduced by the authors in a previous paper.
Hepatotoxicity in patients with solid tumors treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors alone, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy, or chemotherapy alone: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guo Xiaodi , Li Wendong , Hu Jiexuan , Zhu Emily C. , Su Qiang 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
This meta-analysis examined the risk of hepatotoxicity in patients with solid tumors who received a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor alone, a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy, or chemotherapy alone.

Methods
Potentially eligible studies were identified by searches of Embase and PubMed. All included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined patients with solid tumors who received a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor and/or chemotherapy.

Results
We included 20 clinical trials (11,634 patients). Thirteen trials compared PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor monotherapy with chemotherapy. These two groups had similar risk for elevated markers of hepatotoxicity (based on analysis of all marker grades and high marker grades), although the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor group had an elevated relative risk (RR) of elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST; RR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.04 to 4.36, P = 0.04) when considering high grades alone; however, this disparity was not significant for comparisons of the pembrolizumab and nivolumab subgroups with the chemotherapy group. Compared with chemotherapy, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors increased the risk of all-grade hepatitis (RR = 5.85, 95% CI = 1.85 to 18.46, P < 0.01), and high-grade hepatitis (RR = 5.66, 95% CI = 1.58 to 20.27, P < 0.01). Seven other studies compared PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy with chemotherapy alone. The combined treatment led to a higher risk for all-grade hepatitis (RR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.29 to 3.55, P < 0.01) and high-grade hepatitis (RR = 5.24, 95%CI = 1.89 to 14.52, P < 0.01), but these groups had similar risk for all-grade and high-grade elevated markers of hepatotoxicity.

Conclusions
Relative to chemotherapy alone, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with or without chemotherapy increased the risk of all-grade and high-grade hepatitis, but generally did not increase the risk of elevated blood markers of hepatotoxicity.
Antifungal prophylaxis and novel drugs in acute myeloid leukemia: the midostaurin and posaconazole dilemma
Authors: Stemler Jannik , Koehler Philipp , Maurer Christian , Müller Carsten , Cornely Oliver A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWith the advent of new targeted drugs in hematology and oncology patient prognosis is improved. Combination with antifungal prophylaxis challenges clinicians due to pharmacological profiles prone to drug–drug interactions (DDI). Midostaurin is a novel agent for FLT3-TKD/-ITDmut-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and metabolized via cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Posaconazole is a standard of care antifungal agent used for prophylaxis during induction treatment of AML and a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. Concomitant administration of both drugs leads to elevated midostaurin exposure. Both drugs improve overall survival at low numbers needed to treat. The impact of CYP3A4-related DDI remains to be determined. Severe adverse events have been observed; however, it remains unclear if they can be directly linked to DDI. The lack of prospective clinical studies assessing incidence of invasive fungal infections and clinical impact of DDI contributes to neglecting live-saving antifungal prophylaxis. Management strategies to combine both drugs have been proposed, but evidence on which approach to use is scarce. In this review, we discuss several approaches in the specific clinical setting of concomitant administration of midostaurin and posaconazole and give examples from everyday clinical practice. Therapeutic drug monitoring will become increasingly important to individualize and personalize antineoplastic concomitant and antifungal treatment in the context of DDI. Pharmaceutical companies addressing the issue in clinical trials may take a pioneer role in this field. Other recently developed and approved drugs for the treatment of AML likely inhere potential of DDI marking a foreseeable issue in future treatment of this life-threatening disease.
Predictability of the early winter Arctic oscillation from autumn Eurasian snowcover in subseasonal forecast models
Authors: Garfinkel Chaim I. , Schwartz Chen , White Ian P. , Rao Jian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe response of the early winter Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex and tropospheric Arctic Oscillation to anomalous autumn snow cover in Eurasia is evaluated in four operational subseasonal forecasting models. Of these four models, the two with finer stratospheric resolution simulate a weakened vortex for hindcasts initialized with more extensive snow as compared to those with less extensive snow, consistent with the observed effect, though the modeled effect is significantly weaker than that observed. The other two models fail to capture the local Western Eurasian ridge in response to enhanced snow, and hence their failure to simulate a stratospheric response may be due to biases in representing surface–atmosphere coupling rather than their coarser stratospheric resolution per se. There is no evidence of a tropospheric Arctic Oscillation response in early winter in any of these models, which may be related to the weakness of the stratospheric response or (in one model) to too-weak coupling from the stratosphere down to the surface. Overall, the possible contribution of autumn snowcover over Eurasia to improved predictability of the winter Arctic Oscillation in subseasonal forecast models has not yet been realized even in a probabilistic sense.
Frequency of cataract surgery and its impact on visual function—results from the German Gutenberg Health Study
Authors: Schuster Alexander K. , Nickels S. , Pfeiffer N. , Schmidtmann I. , Wild P. S. , Münzel T. , Beutel M. E. , Lackner K. J. , Vossmerbaeumer U. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the frequency of cataract surgery in Germany and to evaluate its impact on visual function in an adult population.

Methods
The population-based Gutenberg Health Study was conducted in Germany with its baseline examination between 2007 and 2012 and a 5-year follow-up examiantion. An ophthalmological examination including slit-lamp examination, ocular biometry, and Scheimpflug imaging was carried out. Overall and age-specific frequencies of unilateral and bilateral cataract surgery within 5 years were computed including the 95% confidential intervals [95%-CI]. Association analyses were conducted to determine social and ocular associated factors using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Vision-related quality of life was assessed using NEI VFQ-25.

Results
A total of 10,544 people aged 35 to 74 years were bilateral phakic at baseline and had information on lens status at the 5-year examination. Of these, 168 had unilateral cataract surgery (1.6% [1.4–1.9%]), and 448 had bilateral cataract surgery (4.2% [3.9–4.7%]) in the following 5 years. The frequency of cataract surgery increased with age: 45–54-year-old subjects had twice as often cataract surgery (in at least on eye: OR = 2.32) than at age 35–44 years. The frequency further strongly increases with age (55–64 years: OR = 10.5; 65–74 years: OR = 43.8, p < 0.001). Subjects with glaucoma were more likely to have cataract surgery (OR = 2.52, p < 0.001). Visual function increased when undergoing bilateral cataract surgery.

Conclusions
The frequency of cataract surgery is low at younger ages and increases up to 26% at age 70–74 years. Persons with glaucoma are more likely to undergo cataract surgery at population-based level in Germany.
Prospective observational data informs understanding and future management of Lynch syndrome: insights from the Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database (PLSD)
Authors: Seppälä Toni T. , Dominguez-Valentin Mev , Sampson Julian R. , Møller Pål 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database (PLSD) has been developed as an international, multicentre, prospective, observational study that aims to provide age and organ-specific cancer risks according to gene and gender, estimates of survival after cancer and information on the effects of interventions. Recent reports from PLSD provided improved estimates of cancer risks and survival and showed that different time intervals between surveillance colonoscopies did not affect the incidence, stage or prognosis of colorectal cancer. The PLSD reports suggest that current management guidelines for Lynch syndrome should be revised in light of the different gene and gender-specific cancer risks and the good prognosis for the most commonly associated cancers.In this review, we describe the discrepancies between the current management guidelines for Lynch Syndrome and the most recent prospective observational studies, indicating the areas of further research.
Optical Properties of Highly Conductive SrMoO3 Oxide Thin Films in the THz Band and Beyond
Authors: Regensburger Stefan , Mohammadi Mahdad , Khawaja Arslan A. , Radetinac Aldin , Komissinskiy Philipp , Alff Lambert , Preu Sascha 
Published: June 2020

AbstractStrontium molybdate (SrMoO3) thin films are grown epitaxially by pulsed laser deposition onto gadolinium scandate (GdScO3) substrates and characterized in the terahertz (THz) and visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray diffraction measurements prove a high crystallinity and phase-pure growth of the thin films. The high-quality SrMoO3 thin films feature a room temperature DC conductivity of around $3{\frac {1}{\mu {\Omega } m}}$
3

1

μ
Ω
m

. SrMoO3 is characterized in the THz frequency range by time domain spectroscopy. The resulting AC conductivity is in excellent agreement with the DC value. A Lorentz-Drude oscillator approach models the THz and visible conductivity of SrMoO3 very well. We compare the results of the SrMoO3 thin films to a standard, sputtered gold film, with a resulting THz conductivity of $8{\frac {1}{\mu {\Omega } m}}$
8

1

μ
Ω
m

. The comparison demonstrates that oxide thin film–based devices can play an important role in future THz technology.
Parsing written language with non-standard grammar
Authors: Hallberg Andreas , Niehorster Diederick C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMorphologically marked case is in Arabic a feature exclusive to the variety of Standard Arabic, with no parallel in the spoken varieties, and it is orthographically marked only on some word classes in specific grammatical situations. In this study we test the hypothesis that readers of Arabic do not parse sentences for case and that orthographically marked case can therefore be removed with no effect on reading. Twenty-nine participants read sentences in which one of the two most frequent types of orthographically marked case was either retained or omitted, while their eye-movements were monitored. The removal of case marking from subjects in the sound masculine plural declension (changing the suffix

‑ūn ـون to ‑īn ـين) had no negative effect on gaze duration, regressions out, or go-past time. The removal of case marking form direct objects in the triptote declension (omitting the suffix -an ـاً) did however resulted in an increase in these measures. These results indicate that only some forms of case marking are required in the grammar used by readers for parsing written text.