bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dielectric properties of heat treated teak wood (Tectona grandis Linn. F)
Authors: Karlinasari L , Adzkia U , Tang R A , Irzaman  
Published: September 2020

AbstractHeat treatment is a modification method that uses modification of drying temperature or other heat treatment to improve wood quality. Heat treatment with a temperature of 150°C and 180°C for 0, 2, and 6 hours carried out on 8 years old teak wood can improve its quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat treatment on the dielectric properties of teak wood. The parameters in this study are the capacitance and dielectric constant or relative permittivity. The results showed that heat treatment affected the physical and dielectric properties of wood. Moisture content and wood density decrease after heat treatment. The changes on those physical properties influenced dielectric properties. Heat treated wood have decreased the dielectric wood properties significantly. The capacitance and the dielectric constant decrease on the sample which applied in higher temperature and time. Frequencies below 10 kHz have affected on dielectric properties or both capacitance and dielectric contant Based on the study, the heat treatment was decreasing the ability of electrical insulator properties of wood.
Natural weathering on coated tropical woods
Authors: Lestari A T , Darmawan W , Nandika D 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Teak and pine are common wood species in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the performance of the coating layer in these wood species after six months natural weathering. The durability on natural weathering is evaluated due to microbial disfigurement (fungi or algae), checking and cracking, whereas microbial disfigurement (fungi or algae) is evaluated using ASTM D 3274-95, checking with ASTM D660-93, and cracking with ASTM D 661-93. Wood samples of 30 (l) × 15 (w) × 2 (t) cm are sanded before painted, then preservatives, water repellents, and its combinations are applied on the surface of the samples. The results showed that the coating layer of the combination of paint and preservatives and the combination of paint and water repellents could provide better protection of the surface on long rotation teak, short rotation teak, and pine boards against microbial disfigurement, checking and cracking compared to the other coating layers after 24 weeks of natural weathering. The coating layers on long rotation teak and short rotation teak gave better protection against microbial disfigurement, checking and cracking than pine wood. The coating layer on the radial section gave better protection compared to the tangential section. However, the durability of the coating layer on the radial and tangential section is not significantly different.
The suitability of forest tree species for enrichment planting at PT Semitau Region, West Kalimantan
Authors: Vinton A A , Yudana A , Puspoyo S , Wijaya A , Siregar I Z 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Forest tree enrichment can improve biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Tree enrichment planting in the riverside rehabilitation area of palm oil plantation needs to be monitored to prevent the risk of erosion and sedimentation. However, regular monitoring of enrichment planting is not yet optimally carried out including the benefits and identified suitable species through field observations. This study was aimed to determine the three most suitable tree species to be recommended for enrichment planting in the riverside rehabilitation areas at PT Semitau Region oil palm plantation. Samples were determined through a combination of linear systematic sampling methods. The measured variables included the survival percentage, health, diameter, height, light intensity, and soil analysis. The results showed that the three species had the best adaptability, namely kawi (Shorea balangeran), pulai (Alstonia spp.), and ubah (Syzygium darifolium) with 21%, 15%, and 10% dominance frequency, respectively. Total dominance frequency of 45 % for all three species are expected to be useful information for increasing successfully riverside rehabilitation area of oil palm plantation.
Transport abnormity and its modulations via gating effect and light illumination at the SrNbO3/SrTiO3 interface
Authors: Yan Xi , Zhang Hui , Shen Baogen , Hu Fengxia , Sun Jirong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
LaAlO3/SrTiO3-based two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) has been extensively studied because of its intriguing physical properties and potential application prospect. However, seldom researches have related their extraordinary macroscopic transport phenomena to the microscopic domain structure of SrTiO3. This requires some unique technique like scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscopy. In this work, we developed a different 2DEG system at the interface of SrNbO3 thin film and SrTiO3. Using only the electrical methods, we found a pronounced hysteresis behavior in the resistance versus temperature curves, marked by the appearance/disappearance of two resistance peaks in the heating/cooling process. In sharp contrast to the conventional gate effect, the resistance peak grows under positive electric biases applied to backgate with conducting interface being grounded. In addition, a weak light (0.04 mW, 405 nm) can completely eliminate the two resistance anomalies. After a systematic analysis, we attribute the resistance anomaly to the cubic-tetragonal transition of bulk SrTiO3 and surface SrTiO3. The present work presents a promising demonstration to get mesoscopic information on oxide interface via transport behaviors.
Mass ratio definition of vortex-induced vibration systems with added mass consideration
Authors: Lee Yin Jen , Zhou Guangya , Lua Kim Boon 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This study proposes an alternative mass ratio definition for vortex-induced vibration (VIV) systems. The proposed definition, henceforth known as ‘total mass ratio’, differs from the conventionally used mass ratio definition (i.e. the ratio of the mass of the oscillating body to the mass of the displaced fluid) in that the added mass of the fluid is taken into account. Two-dimensional numerical simulations are conducted to compare the effect of mass ratio on the VIV response of two cylinders with different cross sections, namely, a fully-filled solid cylinder and a hollow cylinder with fluid-filled cavities; both are designed to generate identical flow characteristics. When plotted against the conventional mass ratio, VIV response amplitudes of the fully-filled and hollow cylinders are different despite the similarity in flow characteristics. Conversely, the trends of VIV response amplitude against total mass ratio for both cylinders overlap almost perfectly. Results therefore suggest that the total mass ratio definition yields a more complete representation of the mass property of the VIV system, especially when comparing cylinders of different cross-sectional geometries.
Extra-group paternity varies with proxies of relatedness in a social mammal with high inbreeding risk
Authors: Wells David A , Cant Michael A , Thompson Faye J , Marshall Harry H , Vitikainen Emma I K , Hoffman Joseph I , Nichols Hazel J 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBehavioral mechanisms for avoiding inbreeding are common in the natural world and are believed to have evolved as a response to the negative consequences of inbreeding. However, despite a fundamental role in fitness, we have a limited understanding of the cues that individuals use to assess inbreeding risk, as well as the extent to which individual inbreeding behavior is repeatable. We used piecewise structural equation modeling of 24 years of data to investigate the causes and consequences of within- versus extra-group paternity in banded mongooses. This cooperatively breeding mammal lives in tight-knit social groups that often contain closely related opposite-sex breeders, so inbreeding can be avoided through extra-group mating. We used molecular parentage assignments to show that, despite extra-group paternity resulting in outbred offspring, within-group inbreeding occurs frequently, with around 16% litters being moderately or highly inbred. Additionally, extra-group paternity appears to be plastic, with females mating outside of their social group according to individual proxies (age and immigration status) and societal proxies (group size and age) of within-group inbreeding risk but not in direct response to levels of within-group relatedness. While individual repeatability in extra-group paternity was relatively low, female cobreeders showed high repeatability, suggesting a strong constraint arising from the opportunities for extra-group mating. The use of extra-group paternity as an inbreeding avoidance strategy is, therefore, limited by high costs, opportunity constraints, and the limited reliability of proxies of inbreeding risk.
A machine learning-based method for prediction of macrocyclization patterns of polyketides and non-ribosomal peptides
Authors: Agrawal Priyesh , Mohanty Debasisa 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Motivation
Even though genome mining tools have successfully identified large numbers of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) and polyketide synthase (PKS) biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in bacterial genomes, currently no tool can predict the chemical structure of the secondary metabolites biosynthesized by these BGCs. Lack of algorithms for predicting complex macrocyclization patterns of linear PK/NRP biosynthetic intermediates has been the major bottleneck in deciphering the final bioactive chemical structures of PKs/NRPs by genome mining.

Results
Using a large dataset of known chemical structures of macrocyclized PKs/NRPs, we have developed a machine learning (ML) algorithm for distinguishing the correct macrocyclization pattern of PKs/NRPs from the library of all theoretically possible cyclization patterns. Benchmarking of this ML classifier on completely independent datasets has revealed ROC–AUC and PR–AUC values of 0.82 and 0.81, respectively. This cyclization prediction algorithm has been used to develop SBSPKSv3, a genome mining tool for completely automated prediction of macrocyclized structures of NRPs/PKs. SBSPKSv3 has been extensively benchmarked on a dataset of over 100 BGCs with known PKs/NRPs products.

Availability and implementation
The macrocyclization prediction pipeline and all the datasets used in this study are freely available at http://www.nii.ac.in/sbspks3.html.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Detection of epileptic activity in presumably normal EEG
Authors: Baldini Sara , Pittau Francesca , Birot Gwenael , Rochas Vincent , Tomescu Miralena I , Vulliémoz Serge , Seeck Margitta 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Monitoring epileptic activity in the absence of interictal discharges is a major need given the well-established lack of reliability of patients’ reports of their seizures. Up to now, there are no other tools than reviewing the seizure diary; however, seizures may not be remembered or dismissed voluntarily. In the present study, we set out to determine if EEG voltage maps of epileptogenic activity in individual patients can help to identify disease activity, even if their scalp EEG appears normal. Twenty-five patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy were included. For each patient, 6 min of EEG with spikes (yes-spike) and without visually detectable epileptogenic discharges (no-spike) were selected from long-term monitoring recordings (EEG 31–37 channels). For each patient, we identified typical discharges, calculated their average and the corresponding scalp voltage map (‘spike-map’). We then fitted the spike-map for each patient on their (i) EEG epochs with visible spikes, (ii) epochs without any visible spike and (iii) EEGs of 48 controls. The global explained variance was used to estimate the presence of the spike-maps. The individual spike-map occurred more often in the spike-free EEGs of patients compared to EEGs of healthy controls (P = 0.001). Not surprisingly, this difference was higher if the EEGs contained spikes (P &lt; 0.001). In patients, spike-maps were more frequent per second (P &lt; 0.001) but with a shorter mean duration (P &lt; 0.001) than in controls, for both no-spike and yes-spike EEGs. The amount of spike-maps was unrelated to clinical variables, like epilepsy severity, drug load or vigilance state. Voltage maps of spike activity are present very frequently in the scalp EEG of patients, even in presumably normal EEG. We conclude that spike-maps are a robust and potentially powerful marker to monitor subtle epileptogenic activity.
HPLC Gradient Retention of Tryptophan and its Metabolites on Three Stationary Phases in Context of Lipophilicity Assessment
Authors: Wicha-Komsta Katarzyna , Skibiński Robert , Kocki Tomasz , Turski Waldemar A , Komsta Łukasz 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This paper is a continuation of lipophilicity research on 14 compounds (tryptophan, kynurenine pathway products, auxin pathway products, serotonin pathway products, tryptamine, as well as two synthetic auxin analogs): indole-2-acetic acid sodium salt (IAA), serotonin, 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, tryptamine, L-tryptophan, L-kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYA), 3-hydroxy-DL-kynurenine, naphtyl-1-acetamide, indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), naphthalene-1-acetic acid (NAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPV), as well as melatonin. They were chromatographed in high performance liquid chromatography gradient conditions on tree stationary phases (C18, CN, DIOL) using three modifiers on each phase (methanol, acetonitrile and acetone). The resulting retention data was correlated with computational lipophilicity indices. Six compounds were proven to be ionized in neutral pH physiological conditions (IAA, KYA, IPA, NAA, IBA and IPV) and they were rechromatographed with acidic mobile phase to enhance the resulting dataset. It can be concluded that the retention times are highly correlated with lipophilicity regardless of used modifier and column and the main differentiating trend can be only connected to presence of naphthalene or indole ring. The principal component analysis, additive linear modeling, as well as multiplicative trilinear parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) modeling helped to understand the internal structure of the obtained results.
Early Rule-Out Strategies in the Emergency Department Utilizing High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Assays
Authors: Lopez-Ayala Pedro , Boeddinghaus Jasper , Koechlin Luca , Nestelberger Thomas , Mueller Christian 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
Over the past decade, intense collaboration between academic investigators and the diagnostic industry have allowed the integration of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assays into clinical practice worldwide. The hs-cTn assays, with their increased diagnostic accuracy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), have facilitated the maturation of early rule-out strategies. The first iteration was complex and required the combination of a biomarker panel, the electrocardiogram, and a clinical risk score and allowed the safe rule-out of AMI in only 10% of patients with acute chest pain. In contrast, the latest iterations, including the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 0/1-h algorithm, are simple. They are based on hs-cTn concentrations only and allow the safe rule-out or rule-in of AMI in up to 75% of patients.

Content
The purposes of this minireview are (a) to describe the best validated hs-cTn–based strategies for early rule-out of AMI, (b) to discuss the advantages and limitations of the different strategies, (c) to identify patient subgroups requiring particular attention, (d) to recognize challenges for widespread clinical implementation, and (e) to provide guidance on strategies for their safe and effective clinical implementation.

Summary
Physicians and institutions may choose among several well-validated rule-out algorithms. The ESC 0/1-h algorithm for hs-cTnT or hs-cTnI seems to be the most attractive option today. It best balances safety and efficacy, and it has been derived and validated for all currently available hs-cTnT/I assays, facilitating widespread clinical implementation.
Media Ethics, Moral Controversies, and the Sociology of Critique
Authors: Hove Thomas 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCommunication scholars have begun to investigate various links between empirical research and normative theory. In that vein, this article explores how Boltanski and Thévenot’s sociology of critique can enhance our empirical and normative understanding of controversies in media ethics. The sociology of critique and its justification model provide a comprehensive descriptive framework for studying practices of moral evaluation and the social goods at stake in them. First, I discuss some prevailing approaches in media ethics. Second, I explicate how the sociology of critique defines situations of normative justification and supplies a model of their basic requirements. Third, I show how this model can be used to analyze the social background of a media ethics controversy. Last, I suggest how the descriptive approach of the sociology of critique can identify conditions in morally pluralistic social settings that pose challenges to normative theories.
Stress myocardial perfusion with qualitative magnetic resonance and quantitative dynamic computed tomography: comparison of diagnostic performance and incremental value over coronary computed tomography angiography
Authors: de Knegt Martina C , Rossi Alexia , Petersen Steffen E , Wragg Andrew , Khurram Ruhaid , Westwood Mark , Saberwal Bunny , Mathur Anthony , Nieman Koen , Bamberg Fabian , Jensen Magnus T , Pugliese Francesca 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Aims
Assessment of haemodynamically significant coronary artery disease (CAD) using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging perfusion or dynamic stress myocardial perfusion imaging by computed tomography (CT perfusion) may aid patient selection for invasive coronary angiography (ICA). We evaluated the diagnostic performance and incremental value of qualitative CMR perfusion and quantitative CT perfusion complementary to cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) for the diagnosis of haemodynamically significant CAD using fractional flow reserve (FFR) and quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) as reference standard.

Methods and results
CCTA, qualitative visual CMR perfusion, visual CT perfusion, and quantitative relative myocardial blood flow (CT-MBF) were performed in patients with stable angina pectoris. FFR was measured in coronary vessels with stenosis visually estimated between 30% and 90% diameter reduction on ICA. Haemodynamically significant CAD was defined as FFR &lt;0.80, or QCA ≥80% in those cases where FFR could not be performed. A total of 218 vessels from 93 patients were assessed. An optimal cut-off of 0.72 for relative CT-MBF was determined. The diagnostic performances (area under the receiver-operating characteristics curves, 95% CI) of visual CMR perfusion (0.84, 0.77–0.90) and relative CT-MBF (0.86, 0.81–0.92) were comparable and outperformed visual CT perfusion (0.64, 0.57–0.71). In combination with CCTA ≥50%, CCTA + visual CMR perfusion (0.91, 0.86–0.96), CCTA + relative CT-MBF (0.92, 0.88–0.96), and CCTA + visual CT perfusion (0.82, 0.75–0.90) improved discrimination compared with CCTA alone (all P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Visual CMR perfusion and relative CT-MBF outperformed visual CT perfusion and provided incremental discrimination compared with CCTA alone for the diagnosis of haemodynamically significant CAD.
External elastic lamina vs. luminal diameter measurement for determining stent diameter by optical coherence tomography: an ILUMIEN III substudy
Authors: Shlofmitz Evan , Jeremias Allen , Parviz Yasir , Karimi Galougahi Keyvan , Redfors Björn , Petrossian Gregory , Edens Madison , Matsumura Mitsuaki , Maehara Akiko , Mintz Gary S , Stone Gregg W , Shlofmitz Richard A , Ali Ziad A 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAimsOptical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided external elastic lamina (EEL)-based stent sizing is safe and as effective as intravascular ultrasound in achieving post-procedural lumen dimensions. However, when compared with automated lumen diameter (LD) measurements, this approach is time-consuming. We aimed to compare vessel diameter measurements and stent diameter selection using either of these approaches and examined whether applying a correction factor to automated LD measurements could result in selecting similar stent diameters to the EEL-based approach.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively compared EEL-based measurements vs. automated LD in reference segments in 154 OCT acquisitions and derived a correction factor for stent sizing using the ratio of EEL to LD measurements. We then prospectively applied the correction factor in 119 OCT acquisitions. EEL could be adequately identified in 100 acquisitions (84%) at the distal reference to allow vessel diameter measurement. Vessel diameters were larger with EEL-based vs. LD measurements at both proximal (4.12 ± 0.74 vs. 3.14 ± 0.67 mm, P &lt; 0.0001) and distal reference segments (3.34 ± 0.75 vs. 2.64 ± 0.65 mm, P &lt; 0.0001). EEL-based downsizing led to selection of larger stents vs. an LD-based upsizing approach (3.33 ± 0.47 vs. 2.70 ± 0.44, P &lt; 0.0001). Application of correction factors to LD [proximal 1.32 (IQR 1.23–1.37) and distal 1.25 (IQR 1.19–1.36)] resulted in discordance in stent sizing by &gt;0.25 mm in 63% and potentially hazardous stent oversizing in 41% of cases.ConclusionEEL-based stent downsizing led to selection of larger stent diameters vs. LD upsizing. While applying a correction factor to automated LD measurements resulted in similar mean diameters to EEL-based measurements, this approach cannot be used clinically due to frequent and potentially hazardous stent over-sizing.
How to build a multi-arterial coronary artery bypass programme: a stepwise approach
Authors: Gaudino Mario F L , Sandner Sigrid , Bonalumi Giorgia , Lawton Jennifer S , Fremes Stephen E ,   in collaboration with the Coronary Task Force of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Observational evidence shows that the use of multiple arterial grafts (MAG) is associated with longer postoperative survival and improved clinical outcomes. The current European Society of Cardiology/European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Guidelines on myocardial revascularization recommend the use of MAG in appropriate patients. However, a significant volume-to-outcome relationship exists for MAG, and lack of sufficient experience is associated with increased operative risk. A stepwise approach to building experience with MAG allows successful implementation of this technique into routine coronary surgery practice.