bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and utilization ofSargassum linifoliumandStypopodium schimperipolysaccharides as blue inhibitors for steel electo-polishing
Authors: El-Sayed Abeer A. M. , Abouzeid F. M. , Ismail Mona M. , ElZokm Gehan M. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractDifferent polysaccharide extracts (crude polysaccharide, fucoidan and alginate) from Sargassum linifolium and Stypopodium schimperi were examined as inhibitors of the carbon steel anodic dissolution process in 8 M phosphoric acid. The anode potential and limiting current relationship was measured and compared for gradually increasing algae extract concentrations (from 20 to 350 ppm). The limiting current decreases while inhibition efficiency (%) increases as the concentrations of all these extracts increase. Fucoidan from S. linifolium is considered to have the most retardation effect. The extracts' retardation mechanism is depending on the adsorption process at the steel metal, which was proved by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Also, SEM shows that high concentration (350 ppm) of Stypopodium schimperi crude polysaccharide, Sargassum linifolium fucoidan and Stypopodium schimperi alginate extracts have promising effect on the surface texture. The data of Langmuir and the kinetic–thermodynamic isotherms were determined to clarify the nature of adsorption of extract on the metal–solution interface. The activation energy and activation parameters (changes in enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy) were determined and gave indication for strong interaction between the inhibitor and the steel surface. The extract features were investigated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The polysaccharides from the brown algae, especially fucoidan, manifest potential as a natural electro-polishing blue inhibitor. Surface morphology study confirmed that addition of algae extract to a steel dissolution bath enhanced the surface appearance and its texture quality to great extent.
Total Irregularity Strengths of an Arbitrary Disjoint Union of (3,6)-
Fullerenes
Authors: Shabbir Ayesha , Nadeem Muhammad Faisal , Ovais Ali , Ashraf Faraha , Nasir Sumiya 
Published: December 2020

Aims and Objective:
A fullerene graph is a mathematical model of a fullerene molecule. A fullerene molecule or
simply a fullerene is a polyhedral molecule made entirely of carbon atoms other than graphite and diamond. Chemical graph
theory is a combination of chemistry and graph theory where graph theoretical concepts used to study physical properties of
mathematically modeled chemical compounds. Graph labeling is a vital area of graph theory which has application not only
within mathematics but also in computer science, coding theory, medicine, communication networking, chemistry and in
many other fields. For example, in chemistry vertex labeling is being used in the constitution of valence isomers and
transition labeling to study chemical reaction networks.

Method and Results:
In terms of graphs vertices represent atoms while edges stand for bonds between atoms. By tvs (tes)
we mean the least positive integer for which a graph has a vertex (edge) irregular total labeling such that no two vertices
(edges) have same weights. A (3,6)-fullerene graph is a non-classical fullerene whose faces are triangles and hexagons.
Here, we study the total vertex (edge) irregularity strength of an arbitrary disjoint union of (3,6)-fullerene graphs and
providing their exact values.

Conclusion:
The lower bound for tvs (tes) depending on the number of vertices, minimum and maximum degree of a graph
exists in literature while to get different weights one can use sufficiently large numbers, but it is of no interest. Here, by
proving that the lower bound is the upper bound we close the case for (3,6)-fullerene graphs.
Coronavirus Disease 2019: Virology and Drug Targets
Authors: Krishnamurthy Praveen Thaggikuppe 
Published: December 2020

:
The Coronavirus Disease 2019, a pandemic caused by novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2), is seriously affecting global health and the economy. As the vaccine development takes time, the current research is focused on repurposing FDA approved drugs against the viral target proteins. This review discusses the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 virology, its target structural proteins (S- glycoprotein), non-structural proteins (3-
chymotrypsin-like protease, papain-like protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and helicase) and accessory proteins,
drug discovery strategies (drug repurposing, artificial intelligence, and high-throughput screening), and the current status of
antiviral drug development.
Physiology to Disease Transmission of Respiratory Tract Infection: A Narrative Review
Authors: Singh Namit Kant , Kumar Naina , Singh Amit Kant 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
In present days scenario of pandemic of COVID 19 the protective reflexes namely Sneeze and Cough
have received great importance but not in terms of protection but in terms of spread of infection. The present review tries to
bring out the correlation between the physiology of sneeze and cough taking into consideration the various receptors that
initiate the two reflexes then correlating it with the formation of expelled droplets and the significance of various aspect of
droplets that lead to the spread of infection.

Material and Methods:
For the compilation of the present review we searched the terms “Physiology of cough”, “Physiology
of sneeze”, “droplets”, “aerosols” and “Aerosols in COVID 19”. The above-mentioned terms were extensively searched on
pubmed, google scholar and google search engine and after reviewing the various available material the most significant
research has been taken into consideration for this review.

Conclusion:
Through this review we conclude that there are various factors that are responsible for the initiation of sneeze
and cough but in case of infection it is mainly the inflammatory reaction that directly stimulates the receptors to produce the
reflex outburst of air. As the flow of air during expiration is turbulent it causes damage to the Epithelial Lining Fluid present
in the respiratory conduit and also gets admixed with the saliva in the oropharynx and oral cavity and mucus in the nose to
form droplets of various sizes. Large droplets Settle close and are responsible for Droplet and Fomite transmission but the
smaller droplets remain suspended in air and travel farther distances to cause Airborne transmission. The spread of droplet
cloud in sneezing may range to 6m or more as compared to cough hence the concept of 1m to 2m of social distancing does
not hold good if the patient is sneezing.
miRNA-506-3p Directly Regulates rs10754339 (A/G) in the Immune Checkpoint Protein B7-H4 in Breast Cancer
Authors: El Din Germine Saad , Youness Rana Ahmed , Assal Reem Amr , Gad Mohamed Zakaria 
Published: December 2020

Background:
B7-H4 is a novel immune checkpoint protein that negatively regulates T
cell activation and function. It is overexpressed in many malignant tumors, including Breast Cancer
(BC). It was reported that the presence of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs10754339
(A/G) within the 3' UTR of the B7-H4 gene has a great influence on the risk and progression of BC
as well as lymph node metastasis. On the other hand, mounting evidence demonstrated the potential
of miR-506-3p to be employed in the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of human malignancies.
It is frequently down-regulated in BC despite its tumor suppressor role. Moreover, Myc,
E2F and Rb proteins are key players in cell cycle regulation. In BC, the CDK-RB-E2F axis is extensively
deregulated by several genetic mutations. Additionally, the potent proto-oncogene Myc is
highly expressed in BC.

Aim:
The main aims of the study were to investigate the potential role of miR-506-3p in the regulation
of B7-H4 SNP rs10754339 (A/G) in BC and to uncover the influence of miR-506-3p on cell
cycle and tumor progression in BC cell lines.

Methods:
This study employed different BC cell lines, including MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells.
Several bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the miRNA that could potentially target
B7-H4 SNP rs10754339 (A/G). To confirm the binding Relative luciferase activity was measured
using Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay. Transfection experiments were performed using
miR-506-3p oligonucleotides using lipofection technique. Furthermore, vital cell cycle regulatory
proteins such as cMyc, Rb, and E2F were transfected into BC cells using superfect. Finally, several
functional analysis experiments were performed, such as MTT and wound healing assays.

Results:
miR-506-3p down-regulates the disease-associated rs10754339 “G” allele in B7-H4 gene.
It also inhibits cell cycle progression by simultaneously regulating important cell cycle proteins, including
RB, E2F and c-Myc. Moreover, miR-506-3p decreased cellular viability and migration capacity
of MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells and hormone receptor positive MCF-7 cells.

Conclusion:
miR-506-3p is a potential tumor suppressor miRNA in BC that has a potential role in
regulating B7-H4 SNP rs10754339 (A/G).
COVID-19: How Nuclear Medicine Can Provide A Differential Diagnosis In A Very Dubious Case
Authors: De Feo Maria Silvia , Frantellizzi Viviana , De Vincentis Giuseppe 
Published: December 2020

Background:
We present the case of a 55-year-old woman, admitted to the Infectious
Disease Department of Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, in mid-March 2020, with suspicion of
COVID-19 infection.

Objective:
The rRT-PCR was negative, and the following CT scan, performed to exclude false-negative
results and help diagnosis, was inconclusive.

Methods:
It was decided to submit the patient to a 99mTc-HMPAO-labelled leukocyte scan.

Results:
This exam led to the diagnosis of infective endocarditis.

Conclusion:
In the present pandemic scenario, 99mTc-HMPAO-labelled leukocyte scan represents
a reliable imaging technique for differential diagnosis with COVID-19 in patients with confusing
clinical signs, possible false-negative rRT-PCR results, and inconclusive CT scan.
“Cómo hacerle sin un hombre”: dueñas de cantinas en la Costa Chica de Oaxaca
Authors: Jiménez García Nuria 
Published: December 2020

En este artículo me propongo presentar, a partir de mi trabajo de campo en la Costa Chica de Oaxaca, México, el modo en que la frase cómo hacerle sin un hombre, constantemente repetida por las mujeres en esta zona constituye una forma de dominación simbólica. Ciertas mujeres han roto con esta creencia interiorizada, demostrando que sí es posible salir adelante sin un hombre y muchas veces gozando de mayor autonomía y control sobre sus cuerpos, economías y vidas. Este es el caso de las dueñas de cantinas, mujeres solas, que han hecho su lucha saliendo adelante como jefas de familia.
Does the Format of Internal Control Disclosures Matter? An Experimental Investigation of Nonprofessional Investor Behavior
Authors: Tadesse Amanuel F. , Murthy Uday S. 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY
We investigate whether the format of internal control weakness (ICW) disclosures required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 influences perceptions of nonprofessional investors. Using a 2 × 2 between-participants experiment, we examine two facets of ICW disclosure formats: ICW presentation salience (high versus low) and ICW disaggregation type (disaggregated versus aggregated). We hypothesize and find evidence of an interactive effect between presentation salience and disaggregation type, such that investors perceive ICWs as less negative when they are saliently disclosed and this effect is enhanced when the material weakness is disaggregated into its individual control deficiencies. We also find evidence of moderated mediation such that high salience of ICW disclosures has a positive indirect effect on investing judgments through management trust, but only when the ICW is disaggregated into its individual control deficiencies.
The Impact of Cybersecurity Risk Management Examinations and Cybersecurity Incidents on Investor Perceptions and Decisions
Authors: Perols Rebecca R. , Murthy Uday S. 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY
In response to cybersecurity risk and demand for information about organizations' cybersecurity risk management programs, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) recently released a cybersecurity risk management examination service. We examine the effect of joint or separate provisioning of this service on investors' perceptions and decisions, and whether these effects differ when a subsequent cybersecurity incident occurs. We find that the negative signal of a subsequent cybersecurity incident reverses investors' positive perceptions of auditor competence and increases investors' sensitivity to potential independence impairments when the cybersecurity is jointly provisioned, leading to lower perceptions of audit quality. We also find that investors are less willing to invest when the examination is jointly provisioned compared to separately provisioned. Our results provide important insights to the literature and to purchasers and regulators by examining an emerging non-audit service and how a signal of non-audit service quality can affect perceptions of audit quality.
The Effect of CSR Assurance and Explicit Assessment on Investor Valuation Judgments
Authors: Hoang Hien , Trotman Ken T. 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY
We examine whether CSR assurance increases investors' fundamental value estimates, whether this effect depends on the type of assurance (reasonable versus limited), and whether investors are prompted to explicitly assess the company's performance. We conduct a 3 × 2 between-subjects experiment, with CSR assurance being manipulated at three levels (no assurance, limited assurance, and reasonable assurance) and explicit assessment at two levels (no explicit assessment and explicit assessment). We find that when there is no prompt to explicitly assess performance, the investors who receive an assurance report at a reasonable level derive higher fundamental value estimates than the investors who receive CSR information that is not assured or assured at a limited level. Investors who receive either a reasonable or limited assurance level report perceive the information to be more reliable than the investors who receive CSR information that is not assured, regardless of the prompt for explicit assessment.
Social Media Content and Social Comparisons: An Experimental Examination of their Effect on Audit Quality
Authors: Kuselias Stephen , Lauck John R. , Williams Summer 
Published: December 2020

SUMMARY
Recent evidence suggests that auditors access social media platforms habitually throughout the workday. While exploratory research has found concerning effects related to social media usage, existing research has not investigated how viewing social media content might affect auditors. Using an experiment that holds social media usage constant, we examine how social media content impacts auditors' task performance. Relying on social comparison theory, we predict and find that the collection and evaluation of audit evidence (an integral component of audit quality) suffers when auditors view posts of peers' rewarding social experiences compared to those who do not view such content. In a further test of our theory, we demonstrate that evidence collection is preserved when auditors view posts made by other accountants in a professional setting alongside posts featuring peers' rewarding social experiences. Given the audit quality consequences of our results, these findings have implications for practitioners, academics, and regulators.
JEL Classifications: M40; M41; M42.
A Palavra que é Pão: a Eucaristia no Quarto Evangelho
Authors: Konings Johan 
Published: December 2020

Estuda-se a “sacramentologia (eucarística) submersa” no Quarto Evangelho, que não traz a Instituição da Eucaristia no relato da Última Ceia, mas apresenta conotações eucarísticas em diversos textos, principalmente no relato da Multiplicação dos Pães. O assim chamado “Discurso Eucarístico”, Jo 6,51-58, é abordado na perspectiva da encarnação e morte de Jesus. Outros textos examinados são o Lava-Pés (13,1-30), à luz da despedida de Jesus (Jo 13–17), o Lado Aberto (Jo 19,33-37) e a refeição depois da Ressurreição (Jo 21,1-14). O “memorial” da morte salvadora de Cristo ultrapassa, em João, o rito da Instituição da Eucaristia e é suprassumido na sua cristologia da Palavra de Deus Encarnada.
KONSEP PERADILAN SECARA ELEKTRONIK DI LINGKUNGAN PERADILAN TATA USAHA NEGARA
Authors: Sudarsono Sudarsono 
Published: December 2020

AbstractOne of the major changes in case management carried out by the Supreme Court is the promulgation of the Supreme Court Regulation Number 3 of 2018 concerning Administration of Case in Court Electronically. Electronic Justice as stipulated in Supreme Court Regulation Number 3 of 2018 this is an attempt by the Supreme Court to address complaints in case management which is slow and long-winded trials, costly, difficulty for access to justice, until the low integrity of the judicial apparatus due to the opening of opportunities for maladministration in conventional (non-electronic) judicial implementation. As an institution that just runs, Electronic Justice is found several problems, one of them is disharmony with the regulation of procedural law as stipulated in egulation Number 5 of 1986, imperfect case administration, until the coverage of electronic justice which only covers lawsuit cases in the Administrative Court, cannot be applied to the Appellate Court or Cassation and Review. Based on these problems, this normative law research was carried out, the result of which was the need to issue a Standard Operating Procedure for Electronic Justice in the State Administrative Court and revise the Supreme Court Regulation Number 3 of 2018 by arranging case audits of Appeals, Cassation and Review are carried out electronically. AbstrakSalah satu perubahan besar dalam manajemen perkara yang dilaksanakan olehMahkamah Agung adalah pengundangan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2018 tentang Administrasi Perkara Di Pengadilan Secara Elektronik. Peradilan secara elektronik sebagaimana diatur dalam Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2018 ini merupakan upaya Mahkamah Agung guna mengatasi keluhan dalam manajemen perkara di pengadilan yang lambat dan bertele-tele, berbiaya mahal, sulitnya akses masyarakat untuk memperoleh keadilan, hingga rendahnya integritas aparatur peradilan akibat terbukanya peluang maladministrasi dalam pelaksanaan peradilan secara konvensional (non elektronik). Sebagai lembaga yang baru berjalan, pada Peradilan secara elektronik dijumpai beberapa permasalahan, antara lain disharmonisasi dengan pengaturan Hukum Acara sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1986, Administrasi Perkara yang belum sempurna, hingga cakupan Peradilan secara elektronik yang hanya meliputi perkara Gugatan pada Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara, belum dapat diterapkan pada peradilan tingkat Banding maupun Kasasi dan Peninjauan Kembali. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, dilakukanlah penelitian hukum normatif ini, yang hasilnya adalah perlu diterbitkannya Standar Operasional Prosedur pada Peradilan secara elektronik di Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara dan melakukan revisi atas Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3 Tahun 2018 dengan mengatur pemeriksaan perkara Banding, Kasasi dan Peninjauan Kembali dilaksanakan melalui Peradilan secara elektronik.
MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF SENSITIVE PARAMETERS ON THE DYNAMICAL TRANSMISSION OF EBOLA HEMORRHAGIC FEVER
Authors: Adewale  , Adeniran  , Olopade  , Mohammed  
Published: December 2020

A four (4) compartmental model of (S, E, I , I ) were presented to have better understanding of parameters that influence the dynamical spread of Ebola in a population. The model is analyzed for all the parameters responsible for the dynamical spread of the disease in order to find the most sensitive parameters that need to be given attention.
The stability of the model was analyzed for the existence of disease free and endemic equilibrium points. Basic Reproduction Number ( ) was obtained using next generation matrix method (NGM), and it is shown that the disease free equilibrium point is locally asymptotically stable whenever the basic reproduction number is less than unity i.e ( ) and unstable whenever the basic reproduction number is greater than unity ( ).The relative sensitivity indices of the model with respect to each parameter in the basic reproduction number is calculated in order to find the most sensitive parameter which the medical practitioners and policy health makers should work on in order to reduce the spread of Ebola in the population. The result shows that effective contact rate and fraction of individuals with low immunity are the most sensitive parameters in the reproduction number. Therefore, effort should be put in place so that the basic reproduction number should not be greater unity so as to prevent the endemic situation.
POVERTY REDUCTION THROUGH MICROFINANCE – ANEMPIRICAL STUDY OF SHGS IN TAMILNADU
Authors: Kumar N.Senthil , Shankar  
Published: December 2020

After independence of India, women have ever important role to economic development of our country. In the recent year Indian women give to equal opportunity, they can equal men. In 2011 census 35.98 million are women living Tamilnadu may be equal population to men, near by 10 to 20 percent are women incomes are based on agricultural, there are no other income particularly village women .That, they affecting their own expenses as well as family expenses. In this occasion, women become entrepreneurial due to poor financial strength, they are converting into entrepreneurial dream into reality. Self – Help Groups is an organization of poor people, emerging from rural population. The SHGs scheme was introduced in Tamilnadu in 1989. Thus study aims to poverty reduction through microfinance with SHGs in Tamilnadu.
La Spagna di Paragone Letteratura (1950-75)
Authors: Grasso Ida 
Published: December 2020

Lo studio intende indagare la presenza della cultura ispanica in Paragone, rivista centrale del panorama letterario italiano della seconda metà del Novecento. La dichiarata apertura alla «storia di oggi», come si legge nel programmatico esordio del periodico, lo sguardo raffinato e analitico dei suoi collaboratori, vicini per animus critico e militanza culturale, ne fanno un imprescindibile punto di partenza per verificare, nell’ultimo venticinquennio della dittatura franchista, non soltanto l’eventuale diffusione e attestazione della produzione letteraria ispanica in Italia, ma anche, e soprattutto, la sua analisi in sede critica.
Writing Women into the Russian Revolution of 1917
Authors: Lindenmeyr Adele 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
While scholarship on Russian women’s history has flourished in recent decades, the participation of women in the 1917 Revolution continues to be under-researched and poorly understood. This article explores various reasons for the marginalization of women in studies of the revolution. It reviews promising recent research that recovers women’s experiences and voices, including work on women in the wartime labor force and soldiers’ wives, and argues for the usefulness of a feminist and gendered approach to studying 1917.