bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of surgical mandibular advancement on the upper airways of adult class II patients: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Bucci Rosaria , Rongo Roberto , Bucci Paolo , Valletta Rosa , Michelotti Ambrosina , D’Antò Vincenzo 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimTo systematically review the effects of surgical mandibular advancement (SMA) regarding changes of the upper airways in adult patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion.Materials and MethodsFive electronic databases were searched up to April 2020. Human studies focusing on the morphology and dimension of the upper airways after SMA were included. ‘Quality assessment for Before‐After (Pre‐Post) Studies’ was used to assess the risk of bias of the individual studies. Standard mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for random effect model meta‐analysis. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool.ResultsTwenty cohort studies of only treated patients without control group were eligible for qualitative synthesis, of which 17 were used for quantitative synthesis. Very low certainty of evidence indicated that SMA resulted in significant increase of the volume and of the smallest cross‐sectional area (SMC) of the nasopharynx (volume SMD: 1.43, CI: 0.62, 2.24, P = .001, I2 = 87.8%; SMC SMD: 1.53, CI: 0.59, 2.47, P = .001, I2 = 90.5%) and oropharynx (volume SMD: 1.36, CI: 0.37,2.35, P = .007, I2 = 92.1%; SMC SMD: 1.21, CI: 0.11,2.32, P = .032, I2 = 93.1%). Significant augmentation of the distances between the posterior pharynx wall and the uvala (SMD: 0.73, CI: 0.46,0.98, P < .001, I2 = 72.7%), the posterior border of the tongue (SMD: 0.52, CI: 0.21,0.84, P = .001; I2: 60.5%), the gonion (SMD: 1.24, CI: 0.56,1.91, P < .001; I2 = 88.8%) and the epiglottis (SMD: 0.40, CI: 0.06,0.74, P = .033; I2 = 84.8%) were observed.ConclusionsWeak evidence suggests enlargement of the upper airways of adult Class II subjects following SMA, with major increases in the oropharynx.
Association between sleep bruxism and stress symptoms in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Polmann Helena , Réus Jéssica Conti , Massignan Carla , Serra‐Negra Junia Maria , Dick Bruce D. , Flores‐Mir Carlos , Lavigne Gilles J. , De Luca Canto Graziela 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTo synthesise and critically review the association between sleep bruxism (SB) and stress symptoms in adults. A systematic review was performed. The search was completed using seven primary electronic databases in addition to a grey literature search. Two reviewers blindly selected studies based on pre‐defined eligibility criteria. Risk of bias of the included articles was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross‐Sectional Studies. RevMan 5.4 was used to perform the meta‐analysis. The quality of evidence was evaluated according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Ten studies were included for qualitative analysis, of which three were included for quantitative analysis. Three studies were evaluated to have low risk of bias, and seven were assessed with moderate risk of bias. Quality of evidence was classified as very low for all outcomes. Individuals with SB were found to have higher levels of some self‐reported stress symptoms as assessed through questionnaires with a mean difference of 4.59 (95% CI 0.26‐8.92). Biomarkers like epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, adrenaline, dopamine, noradrenaline and prolidase enzyme levels also showed a positive association with SB. Although some associations were identified between probable SB and self‐reported stress symptoms and biomarkers of stress in adults, given that the quality of evidence was found to be very low, caution should be exercised in interpreting these results. These findings suggest that additional and better designed studies are warranted in order to clarify the link between SB and stress.
School Flexible Learning Spaces, Student Movement Behavior and Educational Outcomes among Adolescents: A Mixed‐Methods Systematic Review
Authors: Kariippanon Katharina E. , Cliff Dylan P. , Ellis Yvonne G. , Ucci Marcella , Okely Anthony D. , Parrish Anne‐Maree 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTo achieve sustainability, we must consider scalable improvements in student movement behavior in the classroom setting, educational priorities. Flexible learning spaces that employ student‐centered pedagogy and contain a range of furniture and layout options, implemented to improve educational outcomes, may enable unintended health benefits. In this review, we summarize the evidence on the effects of flexible learning spaces on adolescent student movement behaviors and educational outcomes.METHODSWe searched 5 databases, retrieving 5 quantitative and one qualitative article meeting the review criteria.RESULTSStudents in flexible learning spaces spent less time sitting, and more time standing and moving. Students were also more engaged, on‐task, and collaborated and interacted more. Academic results for English, Mathematics and Humanities for those in flexible learning spaces were higher than peers in traditional classrooms.CONCLUSIONEvidence from the reviewed studies suggests that there may be beneficial outcomes across some movement behaviors as well as learning outcomes in classrooms that employ student‐centered pedagogy and use a built environment that facilitates autonomy and choice around where and how to learn. These learning environments present an opportunity for an interdisciplinary approach to address sedentary behavior in classrooms.
The role of strontium ranelate and guided bone regeneration in osteoporotic and healthy conditions
Authors: Mardas Nikos , Dereka Xanthippi , Stavropoulos Andreas , Patel Mansi , Donos Nikolaos 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground/ objectivesSR is a chemical agent developed for the treatment of osteoporosis. In vitro, SR enhanced replication of osteoprogenitor cells and bone formation. In vivo, in ovariectomized rats SR prevented the biomechanical deterioration of bone while in non‐ovariectomized rats, enhanced bone architecture and increased trabecular and cortical bone mass. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SR on bone healing of calvarial critical size defects treated with a deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and a collagen barrier (CM), in healthy and osteoporotic rats.Material and methodsSixty‐four, 4‐month‐old Wistar female rats were used. Osteoporosis was induced by ovariectomy and calcium‐deficient diet in half of them. Sixteen ovariectomized (OSR) and 16 healthy (HSR) rats were treated with SR while no medication was administered in the remaining 16 healthy (H) and 16 ovariectomized (O) rats. At 6 weeks after ovariectomy, a 5mm defect was created in each parietal bone of every animal. One defect was treated with DBBM and CM, while the contralateral was left untreated. Qualitative and quantitative histological analysis was performed at 30 and 60 days of healing. A generalized estimating equations test was performed to evaluate the effect of SR and osteoporosis, on new bone formation (NB).ResultsAfter 30 days of healing, NB in the untreated defects was 3.4%±1.7%, 4.3%±6.2%, 3.2±4.5%, 15.9±23.5% in O, OSR, H and HSR groups, respectively; after 60 days, NB was 4.7%±4.3%, 11.3%±7%, 7.1%±13.2, 12.1%±13.5%, respectively. In the GBR‐treated defects, after 30 days, NB was 2.6%±1.4%, 2.4%±1.6%, 4.5%±4.1%, 10.3%±14.4% in O, OSR, H and HSR groups, respectively; after 60 days, NB was 2.2%±1.6%, 4.3%±4.2%, 7%±5.1%, 10.8%±17.4%, respectively. Osteoporosis (p=0.008) and the absence of strontium ranelate treatment (p=0.01) had a negative impact on NB.ConclusionSR may promote bone formation in calvarial defects in healthy and osteoporotic rats, albeit in a moderate extent.
Association of probable bruxism with periodontal status: A cross‐sectional study in patients seeking periodontal care
Authors: Bilgin Çetin Mehtap , Sezgin Yasemin , Maraş Enes , Cebeci İlker Ata 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe goals of this study were to investigate the prevalence of probable bruxism in a group of patients seeking a periodontal care and the association between probable bruxism and periodontal status.BackgroundThe results of previous studies evaluating the relationship between bruxism and periodontitis are contradictory. In addition, the relationship between probable bruxism and periodontitis in adults has not been evaluated, yet. Therefore, new studies are required in this field to clarify the relationship between bruxism and periodontitis.MethodsPatients seeking periodontal care at a university periodontology unit were considered in this study. Their periodontal diagnosis, number of missing teeth, presence of probable bruxism, and sociodemographic characteristics were recorded. The periodontal status of each study participant was defined according to the latest consensus of the American Association of Periodontology/European Federation of Periodontology, and the 2018 consensus report on the assessment of bruxism was used to evaluate probable bruxism. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the effects of bruxism on periodontitis.ResultsA total of 541 patients (289 females and 252 males, mean age 42.1 ± 15.9 years) were enrolled in the present study. The prevalence of probable bruxism was 36.6%. Additionally, 40.9% of the study population was diagnosed with periodontitis. The probable bruxers were older (P < 0.001), had a higher number of missing teeth (P < 0.001), and had poor periodontal status (P < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that probable bruxism was associated with periodontitis, after adjusting relevant factors (odds ratio: 2.243, 95% CI: 1.465‐3.434, P < 0.001).ConclusionsIt was observed that the prevalence of probable bruxism was 36.6% and probable bruxers showed higher odds of periodontitis. Future studies with prospective randomized design should be conducted to confirm these results among a larger study population.
Dexmedetomidine protects cardiac microvascular endothelial cells from the damage of ogd/r through regulation of the pparδ‐mediated autophagy
Authors: Shao Qingbo , Xia Jing , Wu Pinwen , Ying Jiazhou 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundDexmedetomidine (Dex) exerts an effective therapeutic role in numerous diseases associated with ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury via its anti‑apoptosis properties. Therefore, this study explores the cardioprotective effects of Dex in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) in response to oxygen‐glucose deprivation and re‐oxygenation (OGD/R) injury and its potential mechanism.Material and methodsCMECs were pretreatment with different concentration of Dex, then exposed to OGD/R. Cell viability was measured with CCK‐8 assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry, and apoptosis‐related protein was determined by Western blot. Autophagy was assessed by transmission electron microscopy and autophagy‐related proteins. Besides, the role peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARδ) in Dex‐mediated anti‐apoptosis property was validated with agonist and antagonist.ResultsOGD/R significantly decreased cell viability, increased reactive oxygen species, caused disorder of autophagy, and increased apoptosis in CMECs. Dex enhanced the viability of the OGD/R‐treated CMECs and effectively decreased reactive oxygen species production. Autophagy in CMECs was activated by Dex, as evidenced by the increase in the ratio of LC3B‐II/I, expression level of Beclin1 and number of autophagosomes in the OGD/R‐induced CMECs. The mechanistic investigation indicated that PPARδ antagonist GW501516 aggravated cell damage following OGD/R, while PPARδ agonist GW6471 partly abolished the Dex‐mediated protective effects.ConclusionsDex activated the PPARδ‐AMPK‐PGC‐1α pathway‐mediated autophagy in CMECs, therefore to inhibit excessive apoptosis induced by OGD/R. Dex may potentially be a therapeutic intervention for myocardial I/R injury.
Characteristics of late recurrent candidemia in adult patients
Authors: Ala‐Houhala Mari , Anttila Veli‐Jukka 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesCandida species are one of the most common causes of health care‐associated bloodstream infections. However, recurrent candidemia is rare, and the characteristics of late recurrent (LR) candidemia are partly unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the characteristics of LR candidemia in adult patients.Patients and MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed in the hospital district of Helsinki and Uusimaa in Finland (2007‐2016). All candidemia cases were searched in an electronic database during the study period. Patients with LR candidemia were compared with patients with a single candidemia episode to evaluate the characteristics of LR candidemia. LR candidemia was defined as having at least two episodes of candidemia more than 30 days apart.ResultsWe identified 24 episodes of LR candidemia in 20 patients. Patients with LR candidemia represented 6% of all patients with candidemia during the study period, and most of these cases were nosocomial. The median time between the first and the recurrent episode was 5.1 months. One‐year mortality in LR candidemia was 45%. Underlying gastrointestinal disease (OR 7.21, 95% CI 2.52‐20.61) and history of intra‐venous drug use (IVDU) (OR 3.62, 95% CI 1.03‐12.69) were independent risk factors for LR candidemia in the multivariable analysis.ConclusionOur study indicates that the gastrointestinal tract may be a continuous source of infection in patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Gastrointestinal diseases and IVDU should be regarded as risk factors for LR candidemia.
A framework for the evaluation of InsurTech
Authors: Xu Xian , Zweifel Peter 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn recent years, the insurance industry has known rapid development and application of new technologies, leading to the emergence of a large number of innovative products. This constitutes a challenge for stakeholders ranging from consumers, management, investors, and on to regulators, who need to evaluate these so‐called InsurTech innovations. This study applies a modified Delphi method in combination with the Analytical Hierarchy Process of Saaty to first provide the weightings of 42 individual indicators for aggregation to 9 subdimensions, among which degree of innovation, size of potential user base, and delivery of services turn out to be the most important. These subdimensions are in turn aggregated into three main dimensions, (i) management and operations, (ii) level of technology, and (iii) user experience, which are found to have equal weight. In conclusion, this paper proposes a transparent way of evaluating InsurTech innovations that also may provide guidance for their future development.
Randomized controlled trial of 7, 28, vs 42 day stored red blood cell transfusion on oxygen delivery (VO2 max) and exercise duration
Authors: Bennett‐Guerrero Elliott , Rizwan Sabeen , Rozensky Russell , Romeiser Jamie L. , Brittelli John , Makaryus Rany , Lin Jun , Galanakis Dennis K. , Triulzi Darrell J. , Moon Richard E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have rigorously assessed the impact of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on oxygen delivery. Several large trials demonstrated no clinical outcome differences between transfusion of shorter‐storage vs prolonged‐storage RBCs. These trials did not directly assess functional measures of oxygen delivery. Therefore, it is not clear if 42‐day stored RBCs deliver oxygen as effectively as 7‐day stored RBCs.Study Design and MethodsLeukocyte‐reduced RBCs were collected by apheresis in AS‐3. Thirty subjects were randomized (1:1:1) to receive 2 units of autologous RBCs at either 7, 28, or 42 days following donation. VO2 max testing, using a standardized protocol to exhaustion, was performed 2 days before (Monday) and 2 days after (Friday) the transfusion visit (Wednesday). The primary endpoint was the percent increase in VO2 max between Monday and Friday. The secondary endpoint was the percent change in duration of exercise for the same time points.ResultsHemoglobin levels decreased by 2.8 ± 1.4 g/dL after donation and increased by 2.1 ± 0.6 g/dL after transfusion. This change in hemoglobin was associated with expected decreases (then increases after transfusion) in VO2 max and exercise duration. No differences were observed between 7‐day and 42‐day RBC transfusion for percent increase in median [IQR] VO2 max (10.5 [0.2‐17.3] vs 10.9 [5.7‐16.8], P = .41) or for percent increase in exercise duration (5.4 [4.1‐6.9] vs 4.9 [2.0‐7.2], P = .91), respectively. Results were similar for 28‐day RBCs and were consistent across the ITT and per‐protocol analysis populations.ConclusionThese data indicate that 42‐day, 28‐day, and 7‐day RBCs have similar ability to deliver oxygen.
Accuracy of three‐dimensionally printed animal‐specific drill guides for implant placement in canine thoracic vertebrae: A cadaveric study
Authors: Mariani Christopher L. , Zlotnick Joshua A. , Harrysson Ola , Marcellin‐Little Denis J. , Malinak Kristen , Gavitt Ashley , Guevar Julien 
Published: December 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the accuracy of three‐dimensionally (3‐D) printed drill guides in constraining the trajectory of drill tracts for implants in canine thoracic vertebrae.Study designExperimental ex vivo study.Sample populationFive canine thoracic vertebral column specimens.MethodsGuides to constrain drill trajectories were designed on the basis of computed tomographic (CT) imaging of six thoracic vertebrae (T8‐T13) and were 3‐D printed. The guides were used to create drill tracts in these vertebrae by both an experienced and a novice surgeon, and CT imaging was repeated. The entry point and angulation of actual and planned drill tracts were compared for both surgeons. Unintended cortical violations were also assessed by using a modified Zdichavsky classification.ResultsFifty‐eight drill tracts were created in 30 vertebrae. Mean entry point deviation was 1.4 mm (range, 0.4‐3.4), and mean angular deviation was 5.1° (range, 1.5°‐10.8°). There were no differences between surgeons in entry point deviation (P = .07) or angular deviation (P = .22). There were no unintended cortical bone violations, and all drill tracts were classified as modified Zdichavsky grade I.ConclusionThe 3‐D printed guides used in the current study yielded drill tracts with small linear and angular errors from intended paths and 100% accuracy for placement within vertebral pedicles and bodies. This technique was conveniently used by both an experienced and a novice surgeon.Clinical significanceThis technique might be immediately applicable to clinical cases requiring thoracic vertebral stabilization and may allow safe and accurate implant placement for surgeons with varying experience levels.
The modulation of the burn wound environment by negative pressure wound therapy: Insights from the proteome
Authors: Frear Cody C. , Zang Tuo , Griffin Bronwyn R. , McPhail Steven M. , Parker Tony J. , Kimble Roy M. , Cuttle Leila 
Published: December 2020

AbstractNegative pressure wound therapy has been used to promote wound healing in a variety of settings, including as an adjunct to silver‐impregnated dressings in the acute management of paediatric burns. Fluid aspirated by the negative pressure wound therapy system represents a potentially insightful research matrix for understanding the burn wound microenvironment and the intervention's biochemical mechanisms of action. The aim of this study was to characterize the proteome of wound fluid collected using negative pressure wound therapy from children with small‐area thermal burns. Samples were obtained as part of a randomized controlled trial investigating the clinical efficacy of adjunctive negative pressure wound therapy. They were compared with blister fluid specimens from paediatric burn patients matched according to demographic and injury characteristics. Protein identification and quantification were performed via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra data‐independent acquisition. Proteins and biological pathways that were unique to or enriched in negative pressure wound therapy fluid samples were evaluated using principal components, partial least squares‐discriminant, and gene ontology enrichment analyses. Eight viable samples of negative pressure wound therapy fluid were collected and analyzed with eight matched blister fluid samples. A total of 502 proteins were quantitatively profiled in the negative pressure wound therapy fluid, of which 444 (88.4%) were shared with blister fluid. Several proteins exhibited significant abundance differences between fluid types, with negative pressure wound therapy fluid showing a higher abundance of matrix metalloproteinase‐9, arginase‐1, low affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III‐A, filamin‐A, alpha‐2‐macroglobulin, and hemoglobin subunit alpha. The results lend support to the hypothesis that negative pressure wound therapy augments wound healing through the modulation of factors involved in the inflammatory response, granulation tissue synthesis, and extracellular matrix maintenance. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD023168.
Acceleration Profiles and the Isoinertial Squatting Exercise: Is There a Direct Effect on Concentric–Eccentric Force, Power, and Neuromuscular Efficiency?
Authors: Campos Denys Batista , Ferreira Isabella Christina , Souza Matheus Almeida , Amorim Macquiden , Intelangelo Leonardo , Silveira-Nunes Gabriela , Barbosa Alexandre Carvalho 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To examine the selective influences of distinct acceleration profiles on the neuromuscular efficiency, force, and power during concentric and eccentric phases of isoinertial squatting exercise. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory of the university. Participants: A total of 38 active adults were divided according to their acceleration profiles: higher (n = 17; >2.5 m/s2) and lower acceleration group (n = 21; <2.5 m/s2). Intervention: All subjects performed squats until failure attached to an isoinertial conic pulley device monitored by surface electromyography of rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus. Main Outcome Measures: An incremental optical encoder was used to assess maximal and mean power and force during concentric and eccentric phases. The neuromuscular efficiency was calculated using the mean force and the electromyographic linear envelope. Results: Between-group differences were observed for the maximal and mean force (Prange = .001–.005), power (P = .001), and neuromuscular efficiency (Prange = .001–.03) with higher significant values for the higher acceleration group in both concentric and eccentric phases. Conclusion: Distinct acceleration profiles affect the neuromuscular efficiency, force, and power during concentric and eccentric phases of isoinertial squatting exercise. To ensure immediate higher levels of power and force output without depriving the neuromuscular system, acceleration profiles higher than 2.5 m/s2 are preferable. The acceleration profiles could be an alternative to evolve the isoinertial exercise.