bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gambling with Your Health: Associations Between Gambling Problem Severity and Health Risk Behaviours, Health and Wellbeing
Authors: Butler Nadia , Quigg Zara , Bates Rebecca , Sayle Madeleine , Ewart Henrietta 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The current study examined the association between gambling problem severity and health risk behaviours, health and wellbeing. A cross-sectional survey (including representative population and supplementary convenience samples) was conducted with 2303 adult residents of a British Island. Gambling problem severity was assessed using the Problem Gambling Severity Index. The EQ-5D-5L, WEMWBS and AUDIT-C were used to measure general health, mental wellbeing and alcohol use, respectively. Other measures included diet, physical exercise and tobacco use. Differences between gambling severity levels for each measure were analysed using logistic regression adjusting for age, sex and income. Compared to non-problem gamblers, moderate/high severity gamblers had higher odds of a poor diet, low physical exercise and poor general health. Tobacco use was associated with both low and moderate/high severity gambling. Low severity, but not moderate/high severity gambling, was significantly associated with binge and higher risk drinking behaviours. Health risk behaviours tended to cluster, with a graded relationship between gambling problem severity and odds of reporting at least two health risk behaviours. Compared to non-problem gamblers, low severity gamblers were approximately twice as likely and moderate/high severity gamblers were three times as likely, to have low mental wellbeing. Findings suggest associations between gambling problems and a range of health risk behaviours and health issues, and crucially that such issues are not limited to gamblers with the highest severity of problems. Addressing gambling across the whole continuum of risk should be a key public health priority.
A Personal Perspective on the Unconventional Superconductivity of Sr2RuO4
Authors: Mackenzie A. P. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
I give a personal account of the unfolding story of the unconventional superconductivity of Sr2RuO4. This is a subject of topical importance in light of recent measurements that suggest that its order parameter may be even parity, contrary to the picture that had built up over the course of over two decades of research. With an eye on the past, I stress the generous encouragement that I received from Ted Geballe in the early years of my Sr2RuO4 research. Looking to the future, I give my opinion about why the Sr2RuO4 problem is of major significance to the development of the field of unconventional superconductivity, whatever order parameter symmetry is finally established to be the correct one.
Nomogram to help explain probabilistic seismic hazard
Authors: Douglas John , Danciu Laurentiu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNomograms are an easy to use and visually attractive graphical tool to solve for any of the variables within an often complex equation. In seismology, the most well-known nomogram is a three-parallel-scale graphic for the calculation of local magnitude given the epicentral distance and trace amplitude. Until the advent of computers, nomograms were often employed by engineers and scientists in many fields as they provide a means for rapid and accurate calculations as well as helping the user understand the sensitivity of the final results to the input parameters. It is this aid to understanding that remains a key attraction of these graphical tools, which are now rarely seen (although they remain common in some fields of medicine where they are used for rapid screening and estimating risks). In this research letter, we present a nomogram summarising the results of simple probabilistic seismic hazard assessments (PSHAs) for peak ground acceleration and elastic response spectral acceleration for a structural period of 1s and return periods from 100 to 2500 years, where the effects of the activity rate and the slope of the Gutenberg-Richter relation are captured. We believe that this nomogram has considerable educational benefit for engineering seismology students, decision makers and other non-expert users of results of PSHAs.
Diffusion and Superdiffusion in Lattice Models for Colliding Particles with Stored Momentum
Authors: Crane Edward , Ledger Sean , Tóth Bálint 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
We introduce two discrete models of a collection of colliding particles with stored momentum and study the asymptotic growth of the mean-square displacement of an active particle. We prove that the models are superdiffusive in one dimension (with power law correction) and diffusive in three and higher dimensions. In two dimensions we demonstrate superdiffusivity (with logarithmic correction) for certain anisotropic initial conditions.
Scaling Limits in Divisible Sandpiles: A Fourier Multiplier Approach
Authors: Cipriani Alessandra , de Graaff Jan , Ruszel Wioletta M. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In this paper we investigate scaling limits of the odometer in divisible sandpiles on d-dimensional tori following up the works of Chiarini et al. (Odometer of long-range sandpiles in the torus: mean behaviour and scaling limits, 2018), Cipriani et al. (Probab Theory Relat Fields 172:829–868, 2017; Stoch Process Appl 128(9):3054–3081, 2018). Relaxing the assumption of independence of the weights of the divisible sandpile, we generate generalized Gaussian fields in the limit by specifying the Fourier multiplier of their covariance kernel. In particular, using a Fourier multiplier approach, we can recover fractional Gaussian fields of the form $$(-\varDelta )^{-s/2} W$$

(
-
Δ
)

-
s
/
2

W

for $$s>2$$

s
>
2

and W a spatial white noise on the d-dimensional unit torus.
Timely removal of exogenous cytokinin and the prevention of auxin transport from the shoot to the root affect the regeneration potential of Arabidopsis roots
Authors: Bernula Dóra , Benkő Péter , Kaszler Nikolett , Domonkos Ildikó , Valkai Ildikó , Szőllősi Réka , Ferenc Györgyi , Ayaydin Ferhan , Fehér Attila , Gémes Katalin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In vitro regeneration of Arabidopsis from roots is generally achieved via indirect organogenesis. First, transdifferentiation of lateral root primordia to calli is achieved by a balanced auxin-to-cytokinin ratio that is followed by the induction of shoot meristem formation using a high cytokinin level. Here we demonstrate that if the root explants were transferred onto a hormone-free medium after a transient (4-days) cytokinin treatment, embryogenic marker genes (LEC1, LEC2, FUS3) started to be expressed. App. 50% of the regeneration foci developed into plantlets with trichome-less cotyledon-like leaves. Moreover, the somatic embryogenesis defective lec1 mutant could regenerate only shoots with trichome-bearing leaves under this condition. Based on these observations, the mixed accomplishment of shoot organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis is hypothesized in the Arabidopsis root explants cultured under hormone-free conditions following cytokinin induction. Using whole seedlings instead of root explants in the same experimental set up, no regenerates were formed on the roots. Applying the auxin transport inhibitor TIBA to the root-to-shoot junction of the seedlings, the regeneration ability of the root could be restored. The observations indicate that shoot-derived endogenous auxin blocks the cytokinin-induced regeneration process in the roots of whole seedlings. The expression of the wound-induced transcription factor WIND1 could be detected in the roots of unwounded seedlings if the shoot-to-root auxin transport was inhibited. Manipulating the exogenous cytokinin level together with the endogenous shoot-to-root auxin transport therefore could mimic the effect of wounding (removal of shoot) on plant regeneration from roots.
The role of services and capital in footprint modelling
Authors: Font Vivanco David 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
System incompleteness is an outstanding issue in footprint studies, causing systemic truncation errors and misestimation of results. This issue has many implications for analysts, from misleading conclusions in comparative assessments to hampering effective data exchange and comparability between models. A key element of system incompleteness is the treatment of services and capital, which are, respectively, often misrepresented in life cycle assessment (LCA, due to being largely missing in process-based databases) and input–output analysis (IOA, due to being exogenous to the intermediate uses). To gain insight into both the magnitude of such truncation errors and how to mitigate these, this paper analyses the impact of systematically including both services and capital in the system descriptions used in footprint analysis.

Methods
Manufactured capital is endogenised into the input–output table (IOT) by using capital use information from growth and productivity accounts. Comprehensive service inputs are included in life cycle inventories (LCIs) by means of integrated hybrid LCA. For illustration purposes, the method is applied on two popular LCI and IOT databases—ecoinvent and EXIOBASE—and four common modelling applications of LCA and IOA: LCA- and IOA-based footprints, comparison between IOA and LCA footprints, and a case study using hybrid LCA.

Results and discussion
The results suggest that the inclusion of both services and capital, either individually or in combination, leads to overall notable differences in footprint results, for example, median relative changes in carbon footprints of 41% and 12%, respectively, for IOA- and LCA-based footprints. Such differences can have notable implications, such as redefining environmental ‘hotspots’ and reversing the results of comparative analyses. Results, however, vary greatly across applications, impact categories and industry/product types, and so specific implications will depend on the research question and scope of analysis. Overall, endogenising capital has a larger impact than including missing services.

Conclusions
This exercise highlights two fundamental aspects for footprint modelling: the trade-offs between external and internal consistency and the facilitation of model integration. First, the proposed method increases system completeness of LCA (external consistency with the subject of study, namely economic systems) at the expense of internal inconsistencies stemming from ontological discrepancies between input–output and LCI systems (e.g. system completeness). This discrepancy can be mitigated by exploiting the potential of integrated hybrid LCA to create a highly interconnected hybrid system. Second, this approach shows how footprint models can complement each other towards more comprehensive and consistent descriptions of the socio-economic metabolism.
Local lens for SDG implementation: lessons from bottom-up approaches in Africa
Authors: Jiménez-Aceituno Amanda , Peterson Garry D. , Norström Albert V. , Wong Grace Y. , Downing Andrea S. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The Anthropocene presents a set of interlinked sustainability challenges for humanity. The United Nations 2030 Agenda has identified 17 specific Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a way to confront these challenges. However, local initiatives have long been addressing issues connected to these goals in a myriad of diverse and innovative ways. We present a new approach to assess how local initiatives contribute to achieving the SDGs. We analyse how many, and how frequently, different SDGs and targets are addressed in a set of African initiatives. We consider goals and targets addressed by the same initiative as interacting between them. Then, we cluster the SDGs based on the combinations of goals and targets addressed by the initiatives and explore how SDGs differ in how local initiatives engage with them. We identify 5 main groups: SDGs addressed by broad-scope projects, SDGs addressed by specific projects, SDGs as means of implementation, cross-cutting SDGs and underrepresented SDGs. Goal 11 (sustainable cities & communities) is not clustered with any other goal. Finally, we explore the nuances of these groups and discuss the implications and relevance for the SDG framework to consider bottom-up approaches. Efforts to monitor the success on implementing the SDGs in local contexts should be reinforced and consider the different patterns initiatives follow to address the goals. Additionally, achieving the goals of the 2030 Agenda will require diversity and alignment of bottom-up and top-down approaches.
Transformative spaces in the making: key lessons from nine cases in the Global South
Authors: Pereira Laura , Frantzeskaki Niki , Hebinck Aniek , Charli-Joseph Lakshmi , Drimie Scott , Dyer Michelle , Eakin Hallie , Galafassi Diego , Karpouzoglou Timos , Marshall Fiona , Moore Michele-Lee , Olsson Per , Siqueiros-García J. Mario , van Zwanenberg Patrick , Vervoort Joost M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCreating a just and sustainable planet will require not only small changes, but also systemic transformations in how humans relate to the planet and to each other, i.e., social–ecological transformations. We suggest there is a need for collaborative environments where experimentation with new configurations of social–ecological systems can occur, and we refer to these as transformative spaces. In this paper, we seek a better understanding of how to design and enable the creation of transformative spaces in a development context. We analyse nine case studies from a previous special issue on Designing Transformative Spaces that aimed to collect examples of cutting-edge action-oriented research on transformations from the Global South. The analysis showed five design phases as being essential: Problem Definition Phase; Operationalisation Phase; Tactical Phase; Outcome Phase; and Reflection Phase. From this synthesis, we distilled five key messages that should be considered when designing research, including: (a) there are ethical dilemmas associated with creating a transformative space in a system; (b) it is important to assess the readiness of the system for change before engaging in it; (c) there is a need to balance between ‘safe’ and ‘safe-enough’ spaces for transformation; (d) convening a transformative space requires an assemblage of diverse methodological frameworks and tools; and (e) transformative spaces can act as a starting point for institutionalising transformative change. Many researchers are now engaging in transdisciplinary transformations research, and are finding themselves at the knowledge–action interface contributing to transformative space-making. We hope that by analysing experiences from across different geographies we can contribute towards better understanding of how to navigate the processes needed for the urgent global transformations that are being called for to create a more equitable and sustainable planet Earth.
Effects of Hormonal Contraceptives on Mood: A Focus on Emotion Recognition and Reactivity, Reward Processing, and Stress Response
Authors: Lewis Carolin A. , Kimmig Ann-Christin S. , Zsido Rachel G. , Jank Alexander , Derntl Birgit , Sacher Julia 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose of Review
We review recent research investigating the relationship of hormonal contraceptives and mood with a focus on relevant underlying mechanisms, such as emotion recognition and reactivity, reward processing, and stress response.

Recent Findings
Adverse effects of hormonal contraceptives (HCs) on mood seem most consistent in women with a history of depressive symptoms and/or previous negative experience with HC-intake. Current evidence supports a negativity bias in emotion recognition and reactivity in HC-users, although inconsistent to some extent. Some data, however, do indicate a trend towards a blunted reward response and a potential dysregulation of the stress response in some HC-users.

Summary
HC-effects on psychological and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying mood are likely context-dependent. We provide suggestions on how to address some of the contributing factors to this variability in future studies, such as HC-dose, timing, administration-mode, and individual risk. A better understanding of how and when HCs affect mood is critical to provide adequate contraceptive choices to women worldwide.
Effect of nanoparticles on the nucleation and agglomeration rates of hydrate growth using THF–water clathrates
Authors: Nahri Syed Y. , Nielsen James L. , Chen Yuanhang 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Four types of nanoparticles, amorphous carbon, iron III oxide, SiO2, and amino-coated SiO2, were tested to determine changes in tetrahydrofuran–water (THF–water) clathrate hydrate nucleation and agglomeration. Rates were experimentally found to determine their viability for preventing natural gas hydrates from developing during offshore drilling operations. THF–water clathrates were chosen as a model to represent gas hydrate growth at atmospheric pressure. Concentrations of each nanoparticle between 0.15% and 1.0% by weight were tested as a kinetic inhibitor to hydrate formation. Tests were repeated at various temperatures below the formation temperature of 4.4 °C for THF–water clathrate hydrates. Measurements were made to identify how the concentration of THF affects the clathrate hydrates forming under static conditions between 20% and 30% by mole of THF. The primary tests in this study were performed using a 20:80 THF/water ratio. Temperature increases during hydrate nucleation for THF–water were measured between − 5 and 3 °C. The range of ideal nanoparticle concentrations was found to be between 0.15% and 0.45% by weight for optimal static, kinetic inhibition of hydrate nucleation. At approximately 0.3% by weight, the most significant inhibition was observed under static conditions for all four types of nanoparticles tested. We found that functionalized amino-coated SiO2 nanoparticles, across all tests, significantly increased the time required for the formation of THF–water clathrate hydrates compared to the other three non-functionalized nanoparticles. The amorphous carbon and iron III oxide nanoparticles performed similarly across each test and were both the least effective in their inhibition of the clathrate hydrates of the four nanoparticles studied compared to a control.
l-Carnitine counteracts in vitro fructose-induced hepatic steatosis through targeting oxidative stress markers
Authors: Montesano A. , Senesi P. , Vacante F. , Mollica G. , Benedini S. , Mariotti M. , Luzi L. , Terruzzi I. 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined by excessive lipid accumulation in the liver and involves an ample spectrum of liver diseases, ranging from simple uncomplicated steatosis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that high fructose intake enhances NAFLD development and progression promoting inhibition of mitochondrial β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids and oxidative damages. l-Carnitine (LC), involved in β-oxidation, has been used to reduce obesity caused by high-fat diet, which is beneficial to ameliorating fatty liver diseases. Moreover, in the recent years, various studies have established LC anti-oxidative proprieties. The objective of this study was to elucidate primarily the underlying anti-oxidative mechanisms of LC in an in vitro model of fructose-induced liver steatosis.

Methods
Human hepatoma HepG2 cells were maintained in medium supplemented with LC (5 mM LC) with or without 5 mM fructose (F) for 48 h and 72 h. In control cells, LC or F was not added to medium. Fat deposition, anti-oxidative, and mitochondrial homeostasis were investigated.

Results
LC supplementation decreased the intracellular lipid deposition enhancing AMPK activation. However, compound C (AMPK inhibitor-10 μM), significantly abolished LC benefits in F condition. Moreover, LC, increasing PGC1 α expression, ameliorates mitochondrial damage-F induced. Above all, LC reduced ROS production and simultaneously increased protein content of antioxidant factors, SOD2 and Nrf2.

Conclusion
Our data seemed to show that LC attenuate fructose-mediated lipid accumulation through AMPK activation. Moreover, LC counteracts mitochondrial damages and reactive oxygen species production restoring antioxidant cellular machine. These findings provide new insights into LC role as an AMPK activator and anti-oxidative molecule in NAFLD.
Reducing Repeat Offending Through Less Prosecution in Victoria, Australia: Opportunities for Increased Diversion of Offenders
Authors: Cowan David , Strang Heather , Sherman Lawrence , Munoz Sara Valdebenito 
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Research Question
How did the use of diversion from prosecution and criminal sentencing change in Victoria, Australia, in the 10 years to 2016/2017, with what estimated effects on repeat offending?

Data
We tracked 1,163,113 criminal cases brought against both juveniles and adults by police in the state of Victoria, Australia, including 181,836 diversions, during the 10-year time period from the fiscal year of 2007/2008 through 2016/2017.

Methods
Taking the percentage of all cases diverted in the first year (25.6%), we calculated for each of the study years how many more cases would have been diverted from prosecution across the subsequent 9 years if the diversion rate had stayed the same (“missed opportunities”). We multiplied the estimated number of these “missed opportunities” by the reduced frequency of repeat offences that the prosecuted offenders were likely to have committed, after adjusting for the time at risk by the number of years left in the study period. Then, based on a systematic review of diversion experiments (Petrosino et al. 2010), we applied the standardised effect size of diversion in those studies to Farrington’s (1992) annualised crime frequency per 100 offenders aged 25, multiplying that effect across all of the person-years after a case was prosecuted rather than diverted, using both population-based rates and rates based only on detected offenders at that age.

Findings
The diversion rate in Victoria dropped in half over 10 years, from 25.6% to 12.5%. The total missed opportunities for diversion, compared to the counterfactual of applying diversion at a constant rate of 25% over that time period, totalled 115,885 cases over the 10 years. Taking an average effect size (d = − 0.232) across seven experiments with a mean follow-up time of 12–13 months, as derived from a systematic review of diversion experiment outcomes, our illustrative estimate is that at least 8 crimes per year per 100 offenders could have been prevented among the missed opportunity cases. Using a population rate of offending, the estimate equals 1474 crimes that could have been prevented. Using the offending population rate, we estimate that 37,050 offences could have been prevented.

Conclusions
While the exact amount of crime prevented remains speculative, the application of best evidence to the missed opportunity cases suggests that more diversion could have resulted in substantially less repeat offending, and hence less total crime.