bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering genetic mate choice: Not so simple in group‐housed conservation breeding programs
Authors: Farquharson Katherine A. , Hogg Carolyn J. , Belov Katherine , Grueber Catherine E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIncorporating mate choice into conservation breeding programs can improve reproduction and the retention of natural behaviors. However, different types of genetic‐based mate choice can have varied consequences for genetic diversity management. As a result, it is important to examine mechanisms of mate choice in captivity to assess its costs and benefits. Most research in this area has focused on experimental pairing trials; however, this resource‐intensive approach is not always feasible in captive settings and can interfere with other management constraints. We used generalized linear mixed models and permutation approaches to investigate overall breeding success in group‐housed Tasmanian devils at three nonmutually exclusive mate choice hypotheses: (a) advantage of heterozygous individuals, (b) advantage of dissimilar mates, and (c) optimum genetic distance, using both 1,948 genome‐wide SNPs and 12 MHC‐linked microsatellites. The managed devil insurance population is the largest such breeding program in Australia and is known to have high variance in reproductive success. We found that nongenetic factors such as age were the best predictors of breeding success in a competitive breeding scenario, with younger females and older males being more successful. We found no evidence of mate choice under the hypotheses tested. Mate choice varies among species and across environments, so we advocate for more studies in realistic captive management contexts as experimental or wild studies may not apply. Conservation managers must weigh up the need to wait for adequate sample sizes to detect mate choice with the risk that genetic changes may occur during this time in captivity. Our study shows that examining and integrating mate choice into the captive management of species housed in realistic, semi‐natural group‐based contexts may be more difficult than previously considered.
Mental health disorders in haemophilia: Systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Al‐Huniti Ahmad , Reyes Hernandez Melanie , Ten Eyck Patrick , Staber Janice M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimDespite significant advances in morbidity and mortality outcomes, quality of life for people with haemophilia (PWH) remains compromised. Underrecognized and undertreated mental health disorders decrease quality of life; however, reports are inconsistent regarding the true prevalence of mental health disorders in PWH.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature search of Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Psychinfo and the Cochrane Library, and hand searched the journal Haemophilia to identify records and subsequently conducted a meta‐analysis to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in patients with congenital haemophilia.ResultsOur search strategy identified 2315 records, and 28 studies met eligibility criteria. Meta‐analysis demonstrated that PWH are at increased risk of depression (odds ratio (OR) 2.45; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64‐3.68), anxiety (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.01‐3.00), anxiety/depression (OR 2.60, 95% CI 2.35‐2.87) and ADHD (OR 3.48, 95% CI 1.74‐6.96). We found considerable heterogeneity among the studies likely due to differences in assessment tools, populations studied and year of publication. This suggests that standardized tools to diagnose mental health disorders in PWH are needed. Additionally, high‐quality studies investigating mental health disorders in PWH are necessary to adequately document the prevalence of these disorders.ConclusionOverall, our meta‐analysis suggests that the prevalence of depression, anxiety and ADHD across decades is significantly increased in PWH compared to the general population.
Antiretroviral therapy and the risk of sexual transmission of HIV: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Davari M , Giwa HB , Nabizade A , Taheri F , Giwa A 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) with or without condom use on the risk of sexual transmission of HIV.MethodsA search of the literature was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, SCOPUS and EMBASE databases for studies dating back to 2008. The results were summarized as relative risks and incidence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The effect sizes were pooled using random‐effects models and heterogeneity was evaluated using the Cochrane Q test and I2.ResultsOf the 1424 studies retrieved in the initial search, 10 met the eligibility requirements. ART was associated with a 52% reduction in transmission risk compared to no ART, with a relative risk of 0.48 (95% CI 0.439–0.525) (Q = 0.524; I2 = 0.0%; overall effect Z = 15.99, P < 0.0001). ART vs. no ART caused a reduction in the risk from 5.6 person‐years (95% CI 3.26–9.62 person‐years) (Q = 0.771; I2 = 0.0%; overall effect Z = 6.25, P < 0.0001) in the untreated group to 0.85 person‐years (95% CI 0.28–2.99 person‐years) (Q = 0.038; I2 = 76.7%; overall effect Z = 0.11, P = 0.772) in the treated group, but not significantly so, which is equivalent to an 84% reduction in the risk of sexual transmission. In accordance with the Swiss National AIDS Commission declaration, ART with suppressed viral loads was associated with a minimal risk of transmission, with a median time at risk of 0.00 person‐years (95% CI 0.00–0.00 person‐years) (Q = 1.00; I2 = 0.0%; overall effect Z = 6.80, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsART and condom use were found to cause a significant reduction in the risk of sexual transmission of HIV in both homosexual and heterosexual populations, based on previous systematic reviews and meta‐analyses.
Orienting to affect in services for people with severe or profound intellectual disabilities: A UK‐based investigation
Authors: Walton Chris , Antaki Charles , Finlay W.M.L 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study argues for displays of affect by people with severe or profound intellectual disabilities to be analysed in the course of everyday interactions with the people who support them.MethodConversation analysis is applied to the affective displays of residents of a social care service for people with severe or profound intellectual disabilities to identify how such displays are taken up and form the basis for further action.ResultsThree types of orientations to affect are identified: where the cause of the affect is unknown; where there is a proximal cause; and where the proximal cause is a prior action by a member of staff. Staff orient to affect as expressions of both feelings and cognitions, thereby providing the basis for self‐determination.ConclusionsDisplays of affect are a communicative resource for those with severe or profound impairments and must be studied in situ if they are to inform policy and everyday practice.
The foundations of mathematical development in Williams syndrome and Down syndrome
Authors: Van Herwegen Jo , Ranzato Erica , Karmiloff‐Smith Annette , Simms Victoria 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundStudies in Down syndrome (DS) and Williams syndrome (WS) have suggested that mathematical abilities are impaired. However, it is unclear which domain‐general or domain‐specific abilities impact on mathematical development in these developmental disorders.MethodThe current study examined the foundations of mathematical development across participants with WS (n = 24) and DS (n = 26) compared to typically developing (TD) children (n = 26) in relation to domain‐general (i.e., general intelligence and visuospatial abilities) and domain‐specific abilities (non‐symbolic and symbolic number abilities).ResultsDevelopmental trajectories showed that mathematical abilities were delayed in line with overall mental age in DS and WS. Whilst visuospatial abilities predicted performance for DS and TD participants, this was not the case for the WS group, instead Approximate Number Sense abilities predicted mathematical development.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that those with DS and WS may benefit from different mathematical intervention programmes.
A critique of Paulo Freire’s perspective on human nature to inform the construction of theoretical underpinnings for research
Authors: Sanders Kate 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article presents a critique of Paulo Freire's philosophical perspective on human nature in the context of a doctoral research study to explore “muchness” or nurses’ subjective experience of well‐being; and demonstrates how this critique has informed the refinement of the theoretical principles used to inform research methodology and methods. Engaging in philosophical groundwork is essential for research coherence and integrity. Through this groundwork, largely informed by Freire's critical pedagogy and his ideas on humanization, I recognized the need to clarify my understanding of the concepts of persons and personhood and how this related to Freire's use of the term human beings. This clarification process is essential to ensure congruence between the theoretical principles that I draw from his work and my beliefs about persons, personhood and person‐centredness. The article begins with a brief introduction to the research, followed by an overview of Freire's philosophical perspectives, and subsequently, the critique process is presented and discussed. This process involved engaging with the vast literature and debates about what it means to be a person, to make sense of the often complex and contradictory arguments. Eventually, three headings emerged that helped me to frame my evolving understanding: Our species: human beings; The kind that we are: human nature; and This person that I am: personhood. Through this process of exploration, I recognized that Freire's perspective on human nature (a) foregrounded cognitive rationality, which presented itself as a limitation when considering my ontological beliefs and the focus of my research, leading me to draw on the work of Mark Johnson and his ideas about embodiment to help me to further develop my theoretical principles; (b) focused on the “collective” rather than individuals, which is a shortcoming in relation to person‐centred research that acknowledges the uniqueness of participants.
Rapid response of hyperkeratotic erythema multiforme to oclacitinib in two dogs
Authors: High Endya J. , Linder Keith E. , Mamo Lisa B. , Levy Britt J. , Herrmann Ina , Bizikova Petra 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundHyperkeratotic erythema multiforme (HKEM) is a clinically distinct dermatosis and poorly characterized syndrome, comprised of hyperkeratotic plaques with variable symmetry and apoptosis similar to “classic” erosive canine EM. Hyperkeratotic EM has a protracted clinical course and, although treatments with glucocorticoids, azathioprine and/or ciclosporin have been tried, rates of remission are low.ObjectivesTo describe successful treatment of HKEM in two dogs using oclacitinib.AnimalsA 7‐year‐old, spayed Havanese dog (Case 1) and a 1‐year‐old, intact cryptorchid Dachshund dog (Case 2).MethodsCase characterization and clinical diagnoses were based on lesion character, surgical biopsy, cytological evaluation, culture, direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and expected responses to treatments.ResultsBoth cases exhibited multifocal, often symmetrical hyperkeratotic plaques with adherent scale. Histological findings revealed prominent epidermal hyperplasia, parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, lymphocytic dermatitis and transepidermal apoptosis with lymphocytic satellitosis. DIF revealed fine, patchy IgG, IgM and IgA basement membrane deposits (Case 2). Both dogs exhibited rapid improvement with oral oclacitinib (0.6–0.9 mg/kg twice daily) with a complete remission of clinical signs observed in 12 and seven weeks in cases 1 and 2, respectively.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceOclacitinib could be considered as a fast‐acting and effective treatment option for HKEM in dogs.
Visualizing the catalytic advancements in nickel ferrite via inclusion of bismuth for the removal of hazardous environmental pollutants
Authors: Kapoor Surbhi , Goel Neetu , Singhal Sonal 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe incorporation of bismuth into spinel nanoferrites has emerged as an interesting platform for amendment in structural characteristics, cation distribution and catalytic efficacy of nanoferrites. Bismuth has one of its kind properties to occupy both the octahedral and tetrahedral sites which enticed a significant role in evaluating the catalytic behavior of bismuth‐doped nanoferrites. The present work explored the versatility of bismuth substituted nickel ferrite nanostructures as catalysts for the oxidative degradation of dyes and reduction of nitrophenols. The catalytic activity was found to increase up to the incorporation of 4% bismuth owing to the occupancy of catalytically active octahedral sites, whereas devastation was observed at higher concentrations due to accumulation of bismuth in tetrahedral sites. The observed trend of catalytic behavior was in full concordance with the saturation magnetisation, crystallite size, and band‐gap. The recyclability studies indicated the applicability of bismuth substituted nanoferrites as potential catalysts for the mitigation of environmental pollutants.
Multiple-Scale Analysis of a Tunable Bi-Stable Piezoelectric Energy Harvester
Authors: Qian Feng , Abaid Nicole , Zuo Lei 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the theoretical modeling and multiple-scale analysis of a novel piezoelectric energy harvester composed of a metal cantilever beam, piezoelectric films, and an axial preload spring at the moveable end. The harvester experiences mono- and bi-stable regimes as the stiffness of preload spring increases. The governing equations are derived with two high-order coupling terms induced by the axial motion. The literature shows that these high-order coupling terms lead to tedious calculations in the stability analysis of solutions. This work introduces an analytical strategy and the implementation of the multiple-scale method for the harvester in either the mono- or bi-stable status. Numerical simulations are performed to verify the analytical solutions. The influence of the electrical resistance, excitation level, and the spring pre-deformation on the voltage outputs and dynamics are investigated. The spring pre-deformation has a slight influence on the energy harvesting performance of the mono-stable system, but a large effect on that of the bi-stable system.
Improved 2000-m Rowing Performance in a Cool Environment With an External Heating Garment
Authors: Cowper Gavin , Barwood Martin , Goodall Stuart 
Published: April 2020

Purpose: Rowers can be in marshaling areas for up to 20 to 25 min before the start of a race, which likely negates any benefits of an active warm-up, especially in cold environments. It is unknown if using a heated jacket following a standardized rowing warm-up can improve 2000-m rowing performance. Methods: On 2 separate occasions, 10 trained male rowers completed a standardized rowing warm-up, followed by 25 min of passive rest before a 2000-m rowing time trial on a rowing ergometer. Throughout the passive rest, the participants wore either a standardized tracksuit top (CON) or an externally heated jacket (HEAT). The trials, presented in a randomized crossover fashion, were performed in a controlled environment (temperature 8°C, humidity 50%). Rowing time-trial performance, core body temperature, and mean skin temperature, along with perceptual variables, were measured. Results: During the 25-min period, core body temperature increased in HEAT and decreased in CON (Δ0.54°C [0.74°C] vs −0.93°C [1.14°C]; P = .02). Additionally, mean skin temperature (30.22°C [1.03°C] vs 28.86°C [1.07°C]) was higher in HEAT versus CON (P < .01). In line with the physiological data, the perceptual data confirmed that participants were more comfortable in HEAT versus CON, and subsequently, rowing performance was improved in HEAT compared with CON (433.1 [12.7] s vs 437.9 [14.4] s, P < .01). Conclusion: The data demonstrate that an upper-body external heating garment worn following a warm-up can improve rowing performance in a cool environment.
Using algorithms to initiate needs-based interventions for people on antipsychotic medication: implementation protocol
Authors: Oakey-Neate Lydia , Schrader Geoff , Strobel Jörg , Bastiampillai Tarun , van Kasteren Yasmin , Bidargaddi Niranjan 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionNon-adherence to antipsychotic medications for individuals with serious mental illness increases risk of relapse and hospitalisation. Real time monitoring of adherence would allow for early intervention. AI2is a both a personal nudging system and a clinical decision support tool that applies machine learning on Medicare prescription and benefits data to raise alerts when patients have discontinued antipsychotic medications without supervision, or when essential routine health checks have not been performed.Methods and analysisWe outline two intervention models using AI2. In the first use-case, the personal nudging system, patients receive text messages when an alert of a missed medication or routine health check is detected by AI2. In the second use-case, as a clinical decision support tool, AI2generated alerts are presented as flags through a dashboard to the community mental health professionals. Implementation protocols for different scenarios of AI2, along with a mixed-methods evaluation, are planned to identify pragmatic issues necessary to inform a larger randomised control trial, as well as improve the application.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol has been approved by The Southern Adelaide Clinical Human Research Ethics Committee. The dissemination of this trial will serve to inform further implementation of the AI2into daily personal and clinical practice.
Optimising electronic prescribing in hospitals: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Williams Jac , Bates David W , Sheikh Aziz 
Published: April 2020

IntroductionElectronic prescribing (ePrescribing) systems can improve the quality of prescribing decisions and substantially reduce the risk of serious medication errors in hospitals. However, realising these benefits depends on ensuring that relevant sociotechnical considerations are addressed. Optimising ePrescribing systems is essential to maximise the associated benefits and minimise the accompanying risks of these large-scale and expensive health informatics infrastructures.MethodsWe will undertake a systematic scoping review of the literature to identify strategies to achieve optimisation of ePrescribing systems. We will search Medline, Embase and CINAHL for the period 1 January 2010 to 1 June 2019 and the grey literature by using Google Scholar. Independent reviewers will screen the results using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and will extract data for narrative and thematic synthesis.DiscussionThis work will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and we will ensure that the findings are both accessible and interpretable to the public, academics, policymakers and National Health Service leaders.
Sex-specific and age-specific characteristics of body composition and its effect on bone mineral density in adults in southern China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Xiao Zeyu , Tan Zhiqiang , Shang Jingjie , Cheng Yong , Tang Yongjin , Guo Bin , Gong Jian , Xu Hao 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesThis study was an attempt to investigate the variation trend of body composition with ageing and explore the association between regional body composition and bone mineral density (BMD).DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participantsA total of 5749 healthy adults aged 20–95 years was recruited from 2004 to 2017.Primary outcome measuresWhole-body lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), android FM, gynoid FM, appendicular lean mass (ALM) and BMD in the lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip were obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The android/gynoid fat mass ratio (A/G FMR) based on DXA scan was calculated as an indicator of adipose distribution. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine the associations between body composition, adipose distribution, and BMD of each skeletal site.ResultsWhole-body FM, percentage of whole-body FM, Android FM and A/G FMR consistently increased with age in both genders, especially in women, and ALM began to decrease in the fifth decade for both men and women. In multivariable linear regression models with age, body mass index, A/G FMR and ALM as predictor variables, ALM was associated with the most BMD variance of all skeletal sites in men (standard β ranged from 0.207 to 0.405, p<0.001), although not the largest but still a positive predictor of BMD in women (standard β ranged from 0.074 to 0.186, p<0.05). A/G FMR was an inverse predictor of BMD at all skeletal sites for women (standard β ranged from −249 to −0.052, p<0.01) but not in men.ConclusionsIn this large cohort of Chinese adults, ALM had a strong positive association with BMD in both genders. A/G FMR as an indicator of central adipose accumulation was inversely associated with BMD in women but not in men.
Prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes in Ireland: a retrospective cross-sectional study using a national pharmacy claims data from 2016
Authors: Gajewska Katarzyna Anna , Biesma Regien , Sreenan Seamus , Bennett Kathleen 
Published: April 2020

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes in the Irish population using a national pharmacy claims database in the absence of a national diabetes register.DesignNational, population-based, retrospective, cross-sectional study.SettingCommunity care with data available through the Health Service Executive Pharmacy Claims Reimbursement Scheme from 2011 to 2016.ParticipantsIndividuals with type 1 diabetes were identified by coprescription of insulin and glucometer test strips without any prolonged course (>12 months) of oral hypoglycaemic agents prior to commencing insulin. Those claiming prescriptions for long-acting insulin only, without any prandial insulin, were excluded from the analysis. Incidence was estimated based on the first claim for insulin in 2016, with no insulin use in the preceding 12 months.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of type 1 diabetes in children (<18 years) and adults (≥18 years); incidence of type 1 diabetes in children (≤14 years) and adolescents and adults (>14 years).ResultsThere were 20 081 prevalent cases of type 1 diabetes in 2016. The crude prevalence was 0.42% (95% CI 0.42% to 0.43%). Most prevalent cases (n=17 053, 85%) were in adults with a prevalence of 0.48% (95% CI 0.47% to 0.48%). There were 1527 new cases of type 1 diabetes in 2016, giving an incidence rate of 32 per 100 000 population/year (95% CI 30.5 to 33.7). There was a significant positive linear trend for age, for prevalence (p<0.0001) and incidence (p=0.014). The prevalence and incidence were 1.2-fold and 1.3-fold higher in men than women, respectively. Significant variations in prevalence (p<0.0001) and incidence (p<0.001) between the different geographical regions were observed.ConclusionsThis study provides epidemiological estimates of type 1 diabetes across age groups in Ireland, with the majority of prevalent cases in adults. Establishing a national diabetes register is essential to enable updated epidemiological estimates of diabetes and for planning of services in Ireland.