bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Missing Dimensions of Poverty? Calibrating Deprivation Scales Using Perceived Financial Situation
Authors: Bedük Selçuk 
Published: January 2020

AbstractDeprivation scales usually cover some but not all aspects of poverty. Missing dimensions could affect who is and is not identified as poor. Despite its importance, whether missing dimensions affect the measurement of poverty has not been empirically examined in the EU context. Such an examination requires data on missing dimensions that existing surveys do not usually collect. In this article, I get around this problem with an innovative design and using the rich content of the British Household Panel Survey (1999–2008). I use perceived financial inadequacy as a proxy for poverty and show that, independent of the deprivation status, having a need in healthcare, childcare, social care, or education increases the risk of reporting financial inadequacy. The main explanations for these effects are extra spending and reduced earnings of the families (as a response to having extra needs), and not other biases that might arise from using a self-assessed proxy measure such as scale heterogeneity, personality traits, state dependence, anticipations, or psychological negativity. These findings demonstrate the need for more comprehensive measures. Unless relevant indicators of missing dimensions (e.g. cost-related unmet needs in healthcare) are included in the analysis, deprivation scales might fail to identify some people experiencing poverty.
Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on major cardiovascular events in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without established cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Marsico Fabio , Paolillo Stefania , Gargiulo Paola , Bruzzese Dario , Dell’Aversana Simona , Esposito Immacolata , Renga Francesco , Esposito Luca , Marciano Caterina , Dellegrottaglie Santo , Iesu Ivana , Perrone Filardi Pasquale 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Aims
Glucose-lowering, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists reduce incidence of major cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). However, randomized clinical trials reported inconsistent effects on myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, and limited data in DM patients without established CV disease (CVD). Very recently, new relevant evidence was available from additional CV outcome trials (CVOTs) that also included large subgroups of patients with DM without established CVD. Thus, the aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on major CV events and safety in DM patients with and without established CVD.

Methods and results
In this trial-level meta-analysis, we analysed data from randomized placebo-controlled CVOTs assessing efficacy and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists in adult patients with Type 2 DM. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS, and clinicaltrial.gov databases for eligible trials. Of 360 articles identified and screened for eligibility, seven CVOTs were included, with an overall of 56 004 patients included. The difference in efficacy with respect to the major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) primary endpoint (including CV mortality, non-fatal MI, and non-fatal stroke) between patients with established CVD and patients with CV risk factors only was not significant [pooled interaction effect, expressed as ratio of hazard ratio (HR) 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85–1.34]. In the analysis of the whole population of DM patients, GLP-1 receptor agonists showed a significant 12% reduction in the hazard of the three-point MACE composite endpoint (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.80–0.96) and a significant reduction in the risk of CV mortality (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79–0.98), all-cause mortality (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81–0.97), fatal and non-fatal stroke (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.76–0.94), and heart failure (HF) hospitalization (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86–0.97). No significant effect was observed for fatal and non-fatal MI (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.82–1.02), although in a sensitivity analysis, based on a less conservative statistical approach, the pooled HR become statistically significant (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83–1.00; P = 0.039). No excess of hypoglycaemia, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer was observed between GLP-1 receptor agonists and placebo.

Conclusion
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists significantly reduce MACE, CV and total mortality stroke, and hospitalization for HF, with a trend for reduction of MI, in patients with Type 2 DM with and without established CVD.
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays for cardiovascular risk stratification in the general population
Authors: Farmakis Dimitrios , Mueller Christian , Apple Fred S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Cardiac troponins (cTns) I and T have long been the most successful cardiac-specific circulating biomarkers in cardiovascular (CV) medicine, having changed dramatically the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, while being independent predictors of outcome in several cardiac conditions and non-cardiac conditions. The latest-generation high-sensitivity (hs) cTn assays demonstrate both enhanced diagnostic performance and improved analytical performance, with the ability to measure detectable concentrations in a substantial proportion of the asymptomatic and presumably healthy populations. Given this unique analytical feature, recent evidence suggests that hs-cTn can be used for the stratification of CV risk in the general population. High-sensitivity cTn predicts future CV events, are responsive to preventive pharmacological or lifestyle interventions, change in parallel to risk modifications, and offer incremental risk prediction when added to well-established prognosticators. The implementation of CV risk stratification and prevention strategies incorporating hs-cTn requires further investigation to define the optimal target populations, timing of measurement, and preventive interventions.
The Genome of Setaria digitata: A Cattle Nematode Closely Related to Human Filarial Parasites
Authors: Senanayake Kanchana S , Söderberg Jonas , Põlajev Aleksei , Malmberg Maja , Karunanayake Eric H , Tennekoon Kamani H , Samarakoon Sameera R , Bongcam-Rudloff Erik , Niazi Adnan 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Here we present the draft genome sequence of Setaria digitata, a parasitic nematode affecting cattle. Due to its similarity to Wuchereria bancrofti, the parasitic nematode that causes lymphatic filariasis in humans, S. digitata has been used as a model organism at the genomic level to find drug targets which can be used for the development of novel drugs and/or vaccines for human filariasis. Setaria digitata causes cerebrospinal nematodiasis in goats, sheep, and horses posing a serious threat to livestock in developing countries. The genome sequence of S. digitata will assist in finding candidate genes to use as drug targets in both S. digitata and W. bancrofti. The assembled draft genome is ∼90 Mb long and contains 8,974 genomic scaffolds with a G+C content of 31.73%.
Immigrants’ Health, Acculturation, and the Work–Retirement Continuum
Authors: Zlotnick Cheryl , Dryjanska Laura 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlthough the link between immigrants’ health status and employment is well established, there is little information on the combined impact of three components of acculturation (that is, dual self-identity, language proficiency, and realized expectations) on this link. Immigrants who came to Israel from English-speaking countries (N = 377) were categorized into three groups based on the work–retirement continuum (that is, working, same occupation; working, changed occupation; or retired). Using a cross-sectional design, this study examined whether the link between health and acculturation varied by immigrants’ location on the work–retirement continuum. Bivariate analyses revealed group differences for two acculturation components, language proficiency (p &lt; .0001) and dual self-identity (p &lt; .05). Multivariable analyses indicated an interaction effect between the acculturation component of realized expectations and work–retirement continuum group status on health status. As a result, good health was related to higher levels of realized expectations for the retired group; related to lower levels of realized expectations for the “working, changed occupations” group; and unrelated to realized expectations for the “working, same occupation” group. The acculturation component of realized expectations varies depending on the immigrant’s location on the work–retirement continuum. Health and social welfare professionals can promote health in working or retired immigrants by providing clear and realistic information to better align with immigrants’ expectations.
Sixty-five years of northern anchovy population studies in the southern California Current: a review and suggestion for sensible management
Authors: Sydeman William J , Dedman Simon , García-Reyes Marisol , Thompson Sarah Ann , Thayer Julie A , Bakun Andrew , MacCall Alec D 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The central stock of northern anchovy (CSNA; Engraulis mordax), the most abundant small pelagic fish in the southern California Current, is key to ecosystem functions. We review drivers of its population dynamics in relation to management. Springtime upwelling intensity lagged by 2 years co-varied positively with CSNA biomass, as did the abundance of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax; weakly negative). CSNA population dynamics indicate the need for a multi-species stock assessment, but given serious challenges with modelling population collapse and recovery dynamics, and its moderate fisheries, we suggest that sensible management could be a simple 2-tier harvest control rule designed to emphasize the key trophic role of CSNA in the ecosystem while maintaining moderate socio-economic services. We recommend a monitoring fishery of no more than 5 KMT year−1 split between central and southern California when the stock falls below the long-term median abundance estimate of 380 KMT across the California portion of its range, and a catch limit of 25 KMT year−1 when the stock is above this reference point. This rule would be precautionary, serving to maintain the most important small pelagic forage in the ecosystem, various fisheries interests, and information streams when the population is in a collapsed state.
Intraoperative cryoablation in late pulmonary valve replacement for tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Nevvazhay Timofey , Zeppenfeld Katja , Brouwer Charlotte , Hazekamp Mark 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT) is a major cause of late morbidity and mortality in patients who underwent surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot. The majority of VTs are monomorphic macro-reentrant VT (MVT) and depend on slow conducting areas of diseased myocardium bordered by unexcitable tissue (anatomical isthmuses). Myocardial fibrosis due to surgical incisions, patch material and valve annuli are typical boundaries of anatomical isthmuses (AI). The conducting myocardium between the pulmonary valve and ventricular septum defect patch is called isthmus 3, and the majority of MVTs originate from this area. During pulmonary valve replacement, there is excellent exposure of isthmus 3. Importantly, after pulmonary valve replacement, the homograft may cover important parts of isthmus 3, which makes percutaneous catheter ablation at a later stage impossible. In all patients who need pulmonary valve replacement late after tetralogy of Fallot repair, preoperative electrophysiology study and electroanatomical mapping can identify patients with inducible MVT or slow conduction carrying high risk of MVT. In these patients, intraoperative cryoablation of isthmus 3 should be performed and bidirectional conduction block across the cryoablation line should be demonstrated by intraoperative differential pacing.
A Solution to Fissuring? Revisiting the Concept of the Joint Employer
Authors: Wynn-Evans Charles 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Among other matters, the Taylor Review addressed the issues of employee and worker status for statutory purposes and how the current law might be updated to reflect the realities of the modern workplace and developing models of the engagement of workers. It did not, however, propose reform in relation to the important and intimately connected question of the identity of the employer for the purposes of employment protection legislation. In particular, no consideration was given to or proposals made in its report in respect of the issue of whether a ‘functional’ employer approach to ascribing responsibility for compliance with employment law requirements—such as a ‘joint employment’ model—might be appropriate to deal with issues of perceived inadequate coverage of employment protection standards consequent upon certain employment legislation being limited in its application to the ‘contractual’ employer. While there are cogent objections to adopting a functional employer approach, the most recent domestic caselaw and the ongoing debate concerning the operation of the joint employer concept in the USA offer a valuable perspective on the scope and design of a functional employment model which can contribute to any debate which might ensue about the justification for, and feasibility of, such an approach.
Time to Detection of Hepatitis C Virus Infection With the Xpert HCV Viral Load Fingerstick Point-of-Care Assay: Facilitating a More Rapid Time to Diagnosis
Authors: Grebely Jason , Catlett Beth , Jayasinghe Indika , Valerio Heather , Hajarizadeh Behzad , Verich Andrey , Cunningham Philip , Martinello Marianne , Tillakeratne Shane , Silk David , Dore Gregory J , Applegate Tanya L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Xpert HCV Viral Load Fingerstick assay (Xpert HCV VL FS) is a point-of-care test quantifying HCV RNA in &lt;1 hour, enabling same-visit diagnosis and treatment.

Methods
This study evaluated time to HCV RNA detection using the Xpert HCV VL FS assay. Fingerstick whole-blood samples were collected from participants in an observational cohort in Australia.

Results
In May 2018–2019, 1468 participants were enrolled, 1426 had Xpert HCV VL FS testing performed, and 1386 had a valid result. HCV RNA was detected in 23% (325/1386). Among people with undetectable HCV RNA (n = 1061), median time to result was 57 minutes. Among people with detectable HCV RNA (n = 325), median time to HCV RNA detection was 32 minutes and 80% (261/325) had a detectable HCV RNA result in ≤40 minutes. Median time to HCV RNA detection was dependent on HCV RNA level.

Conclusions
A quicker HCV diagnosis could be achieved by monitoring the time when HCV RNA is first detected with the Xpert HCV VL FS test, rather than HCV RNA quantification, although the current platform does not allow for this. These findings could facilitate new strategies to reduce waiting times for an HCV diagnosis and improve linkage to treatment.
Interstitial Lung Abnormalities in People With HIV Infection and Uninfected Controls
Authors: Ronit Andreas , Benfield Thomas , Lundgren Jens , Vestbo Jørgen , Afzal Shoaib , Nordestgaard Børge G , Kühl Jørgen Tobias , Kofoed Klaus F , Nielsen Susanne Dam , Kristensen Thomas 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Chest computed tomography (CT) findings in well-treated people with HIV infection (PWH) remain poorly characterized.

Methods
Cross-sectional analysis examining interstitial chest CT findings in PWH (n = 754) and uninfected controls (n = 470).

Results
HIV infection was independently associated with 1.82 (95% CI, 1.18–2.88) and 5.15 (95% CI, 1.72–22.2) higher adjusted odds of any interstitial lung abnormality and findings suspicious for interstitial lung disease, respectively.

Conclusions
HIV infection was independently associated with interstitial lung abnormalities and findings suspicious for interstitial lung disease. Whether these abnormalities develop into more recognizable disease states over time is unknown but warrants further investigation.
Correlation of Chemical Urinalysis to Microscopic Urinalysis and Urine Culture: Implications for Reflex Urinalysis Workflows
Authors: Chambliss Allison B , Mason Holli M , Van Tam T 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundUrinalysis (UA) reflex testing approaches, which offer potential for savings in labor and result turnaround time, may rely on the performance of a chemical UA screen to determine which urine samples need microscopic UA and/or urine culture. We correlated chemical UA, microscopic UA, and urine culture results to determine the performance of chemical UA as a screening tool for reflex testing approaches.MethodsConsecutive UA results for 9127 tests (simultaneous chemical UA and microscopic UA) were retrospectively reviewed and correlated. Urine culture results were also correlated for 3127 samples that had urine culture ordered within 24 h of UA. Positivity criteria for each UA method were predefined.ResultsChemical UA yielded the following performance specifications for predicting microscopic findings: 93.0% sensitivity, 56.9% specificity, 64.7% positive predictive value, 90.5% negative predictive value. 3.2% of samples were negative by chemical UA but positive by microscopic UA. Of the samples with urine culture results available, 6.3% were negative by chemical UA but had clinically-significant positive urine cultures.ConclusionsReflex testing of microscopic UA and/or urine culture dependent from chemical UA results provides a feasible opportunity to reduce unnecessary testing.
Language matters: precision health as a cross-cutting care, research and policy agenda
Authors: Payne Philip R O , Detmer Don E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The biomedical research and healthcare delivery communities have increasingly come to focus their attention on the role of data and computation in order to improve the quality, safety, costs, and outcomes of both wellness promotion and care delivery. Depending on the scale of such efforts, and the environments in which they are situated, they are referred to variably as personalized or precision medicine, population health, clinical transformation, value-driven care, or value-based transformation. Despite the original intent of many efforts and publications that have sought to define personalized, precision, or data-driven approaches to improving health and wellness, the use of such terminology in current practice often treats said activities as discrete areas of endeavor within minimal cross-linkage across or between scales of inquiry. We believe that this current state creates numerous barriers that are preventing the advancement of relevant science, practice, and policy. As such, we believe that it is necessary to amplify and reaffirm our collective understanding that these fields share common means of inquiry, differentiated only by the units of measure being utilized, their sources of data, and the manner in which they are executed. Therefore, in this perspective, we explore and focus attention on such commonalities and then present a conceptual framework that links constituent activities into an integrated model that we refer to as a precision healthcare system. The presentation of this framework is intended to provide the basis for the types of shared, broad-based, and descriptive language needed to reference and realize such a framework.
A Day in the Life: Identification of Developmentally Regulated MicroRNAs in the Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Wiebe K F , Elebute O O , LeMoine C M R , Cassone B J 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)) is an important pest of the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum (L.) [Solanales: Solanaceae]). With its broad resistance toward commonly used insecticides, it is clear that more sophisticated control strategies are needed. Due to their importance in insect development, microRNAs (miRNAs) represent a potential tool to employ in insect control strategies. However, most studies conducted in this area have focused on model species with well-annotated genomes. In this study, next-generation sequencing was used to catalogue the miRNAs produced by L. decemlineata across all eight stages of its development, from eggs to adults. For most stages, the length of miRNAs peaked between 21 and 22 nt, though it was considerably longer for the egg stage (26 nt). Global profiling of miRNAs revealed three distinct developmental clusters: 1) egg stage; 2) early stage (first, second, and third instar); and 3) late stage (fourth instar, prepupae, pupae, and adult). We identified 86 conserved miRNAs and 33 bonafide novel miRNAs, including stage-specific miRNAs and those not previously identified in L. decemlineata. Most of the conserved miRNAs were found in multiple developmental stages, whereas the novel miRNAs were often stage specific with the bulk identified in the egg stage. The identified miRNAs have a myriad of putative functions, including growth, reproduction, and insecticide resistance. We discuss the putative roles of some of the most notable miRNAs in the regulation of L. decemlineata development, as well as the potential applications of this research in Colorado potato beetle management.
The Returns to Elite University Education: a Quasi-Experimental Analysis
Authors: Anelli Massimo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
I take advantage of a discontinuity in the probability of admission to a highly selective private university to estimate causal returns to investing in elite university education. I use a newly assembled data set that combines individual administrative records about high school attendance, university admission, university attendance, and tax returns. I find a discontinuity in income of 38 log points at the admission cutoff. The fuzzy regression discontinuity estimate for the elite enrollment effect is 58 log points. This should be interpreted as the average treatment effect for students applying to the elite university who are close to the cutoff and chose to enroll. When I take into account the evidence that students enrolling in the elite university tend to make different field choices, the net institutional enrollment premium is 41 log points. Cumulated over 15 years, the net-of-tuition elite premium is €246,991. I explore potential channels explaining the sizeable enrollment effects and I find that students just above the admission cutoff are 15 percentage points more likely to complete a university degree, they are 26 percentage points more likely to graduate on time and attend university with substantially higher quality peers.