bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital land management: new approaches and technologies
Authors: Volkov S N , Cherkashina E V , Shapovalov D A 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article analyzes problems of implementation of the “digital agriculture” program. The role of modern land management in implementing tasks of effective land management is described. Opportunities of modern departmental information systems when addressing issues of geographic information support of the agro-industrial complex are considered. New approaches and digital land management technologies providing a significant (up to 30%) increase in the efficiency of land use were suggested. The need for training the staff under digitalization of the industry was emphasized.
Current geoecological status of the specially protected natural area “Crane Homeland” (based on materials proposed by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the Moscow Region)
Authors: Lukianova T S , Shirokova V A , Khutorova A O , Yurova Yu D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The article describes the current state of the geoecosystem of the reserve “Crane Homeland”. The authors take into consideration the consequences of improper drainage land-reclamation carried out in past decades in Apsarevskoe tract and Dubna water-swamp complex. Cutting down and uprooting the forest strip along the river Dubna in the vicinity of the Island village have led to the destruction of bird (Cyanistes cyanus) nests. In addition, the article points to poaching and spring fires occurred in a number of other places.
Current state of the specially protected natural area “Novosurinsky” in Mozhaisk District of Moscow Region
Authors: Lukianova T S , Shirokova V A , Khutorova A O , Yurova Yu D 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This article is devoted to the description of the status of the specially protected natural area “Novosurinsky” in Mozhaisk district of Moscow region. The study of the reserve requires constant monitoring of its territory. Despite the strict requirements for the protection of the ecosystem, its preservation and maintenance of the ecological balance, there are negative impacts in the form of littering in the studied reserve. The arrival of vehicles and their unhindered movement lead to violations of soil and vegetation. In connection with careless handling of fire, arson of dry grass and forest litter, fires occur.
Relationship Between Compositions of Grey Hair-Grass (Corynephorus Canescens (L.) P. Beauv.) Tissues and Soil Properties During Primary Vegetation Succession
Authors: Rahmonov Oimahmad , Rozkowski Jacek , Szymczyk Artur 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study focuses on the concentration of trace-, microelement- and organic components in initial horizons of sandy soil (Arenosole) and of the tissues of Corynephorus canescens, a pioneer species typical of unstable environments that initiates pedogenic processes by enriching poor quartz sand in organic- and mineral matter from its own tissues. Soil samples were taken from a root-zone humus horizon (A) averaging ∼15 cm in thickness and from parent rock. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Si, Al, Zn, Mn, Co, Cd, Pb, Sr, Mo, C, N and P in plant material and soil were analyzed. High concentrations of Si (6368±16.3 mg·kg-1), K (2310±165.2), Ca (302±24.6 mg·kg-1), Fe (2196±316.3) are found in the above-ground part of the plant whereas Si (9150±20), Fe (5948± 43), K 3752±3.21) and Al (2370±52.6 mg·kg-1) dominate in the roots. Soil organic carbon (OC) contents in the humus horizon and in parent rock are 0.276±0.041 and 0.206±0.041%, respectively. The concentration of nitrogen in the humus horizon shows a high (0.92) correlation with OC. The soil shows both acid (4.2±0.51 in KCl) and low-acid (5.1±0.23 in H2O) characteristics. Heavy-metal contents differ significantly among the study sites. Organic compounds of Corynephorus canescens and of soil organic matter (SOM) were investigated by pyrolysis-GC/MS (Py-GC/MS). In the organic content of the grey hair-grass tissues, typical compounds such as normal chain aliphatics (29%), and furane- and pyrane derivatives (12%), dominate. Nitrogen-containing substances such as amines, nitro compounds, heterocycles and amines are also important (27%). The main ecopedological role of C. canescens involves the fixing of loose sand thanks to its well-developed root system. The xeromorphic structure of stems and leaves allows it to function in such extreme open areas of unstable ground and high insolation. The initial stage of the formation of a humus horizon involving Corynephores canescens is documented.
Application of Extended Habitat Suitability Curves for Depth in Nitrica River
Authors: Ivan Peter , Stefunkova Zuzana 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
This study assesses the impact of basic stream abiotic parameters on the quality of aquatic habitat and inserts them to the aquatic habitat quality assessment of the mountain and piedmont streams. The created methodology was applied on the Nitrica River. The study is based on the objectification and modification of parameters of habitat suitability curve for the depth. The habitat suitability curve is one of the many basic parts of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM). IFIM is the methodology where the quality of aquatic habitat is interpreted according to a bioindication. The bioindication is provided by ichthyofauna. For this study, the minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) was chosen as a bioindicator. The main reason for selecting the minnow as a bioindicator was that there was a sufficient frequency during the ichthyologic survey on the studied river. The basic result from the field measurement is the habitat suitability curve for depth. This measured habitat suitability curve is not adequate to describe the aquatic habitat. The suitability curve derived from just one measurement does not take into account the fact that the increase in flow has not changed the quality of the habitat until the time when the fish starts to be flushed out of the environment. This is the reason why this scientific research was oriented on the modification of habitat suitability curve for a wider range of flow. The evaluation was done by the System of Environmental Flow Analysis (SEFA). SEFA is a new software that implements the substance of the IFIM. The modification of the habitat suitability curve is applied on the Nitrica River.
Analysis of Maximum Runoff Volumes with Different Time Durations of Flood Waves: A Case Study on Topl’a River in Slovakia
Authors: Mitkova Veronika Bacova , Pekarova Pavla 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
In applied hydrology, it is problematic to assign the flood wave volume values with a certain probability of exceedance to given corresponding T-year discharges. This dependence is highly irregular, and requires knowledge the flood wave course of the given probability. For this reason, this work deals with the determination of the annual maximum discharge volumes on the Topl’a River for the time duration of 2-, 5-, 10-, and 15-days (Vtmax). The series of 84 years (1931-2015) mean daily discharges of the Topl’a River at Hanušovce above Topl’a station was used as input data to calculate the maximum annual volumes of runoff of the Topl’a River. Subsequently, the theoretical curves of exceedance of the maximal discharge volumes Vtmax
were determined by the Log-Pearson distribution of the Type III. This type of probability distribution is used to estimate maximum (extreme) values across a range of natural processes. The results showed relatively small differences in estimated T-year volumes when compared to other types of theoretical distribution functions used in hydrological extreme analyses in Slovakia (Gamma, Log-normal, etc.). The second part of our work was focused on the bivariate analysis of the relationship between T-year maximum volumes with different duration and peak discharges by the three Archimedean copula functions (Clayton, Gumbel-Hougaard and Frank). The LPIII distribution was used as marginal probability distribution function. Subsequently joint and conditional return periods of the T-year maximum annual flows and T-year maximum volumes with different time duration were calculated. The first one defines joint return periods as the return periods using one random variable equalling or exceeding a certain magnitude and/or using another random variable equalling or exceeding another certain magnitude. The second one is conditional return periods for one random variable, given that another random variable equals or exceeds a specific magnitude.
Thermoelectrical Element of Earth’s Crust
Authors: Dmitriev Arkadiy Nikolaevich 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
A model of the natural thermoelectric element was developed. The basis of the element is long-lived deep faults with graphite ores inside, which provide continuous electrical connection between the upper part of Earth’s crust and the mantle. Temperature difference between them can reach 1000 °C and more because of the geothermogradient. That is why thermopower and thermoelectrical currents, which move directly upwards to arise (from the hot end to the cold one), appear in the geothermogradient because of the Seebeck effect. That is the reason why natural electric potentials of high intensity up to -2…-10 V are registered over graphite ores because of the presence of thermpower. Electrical characteristics of the geothermoelectric element of the Earth’s crust (thermoelectrical current, its density, total natural potential) were quantified. There is found a mathematical solution which allows to calculate the temperature of the geothermoelectrical element’s lower part, which is directly related to the overheated area of the deep tectonic process. There is also suggested a method of watching the dynamics of the total electric potential which is registered in the upper part of the geothermoelectrical element. Eventually, systematical observations over those total potentials can help to study tense zones of Earth and control the dynamics of thermal deep processes, which are often related to volcanic activity and seismic events. As a result, the resources of the geophysical method of the natural electric field can broaden greatly. It can help science to study directly both the dynamics of deep thermal processes of the Earth’s crust and its areas related to sources of tensions of exogenous and endogenous nature.
Predicting Weathering Characteristics of Carbonate Rocks Under Different Geo-Environmental Conditions
Authors: Arman Hasan , Hussein Saber , Abouhaligah Haneen Edhar Y , Osman Malaz , Baloch Moza A , Hag Diab Bakri Abdelrahman , Algaishi Hamdan Abdo Ali 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Rock moisture content, temperature and physical and chemical conditions of water in the rock mass vary under different geoenvironmental conditions. These factors are critical in the mechanical and chemical disintegration of rocks with time. Changes in weathering characteristics of a rock mass correlate with major changes in shear strength and deformability of rocks. Therefore, durability is an important parameter for rocks and weathered rocks in predicting and assessing long term problems in their use for engineering purposes. Carbonate rocks are generally considered as durable strong rocks. It is important to test this claim in the UAE, where carbonate rocks are the main available rock materials in many locations e.g. in Al Ain city. The slake durability index (SDI), with tests involving several cycles of wetting and drying, is widely recognized and has been used to measure the durability of weathered rocks. Carbonate rocks in the Jabel Hafit mountain, Al Ain region, have highly fractured and cavernous surface and near surface structures. In this study, degradability of samples from three different carbonate sequences: the Rus, Dammam, and Asmari Formations, were studied petrographically, mineralogically and texturally before and after slaking. A number of slaking tests were performed on twenty-one rock samples, seven from each rock formation, in order to investigate the effects of various geoenvironmental conditions on carbonate rocks weatherability at various pH levels 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14. Detailed mineralogical examinations, rock thin sections, Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) were employed to reveal the relationship between mineralogy and weathering characteristics of rocks on the representative rock samples, before and after the slake durability tests. Furthermore, the index properties of all samples such as unit weights (dry, γd and saturated, γsat), the water absorption (Wa
), the porosity (n), void ratio (e) and the specific gravities (GS,(OD), GS,(SSD), GS,(A)) were measured. The study reveals that the weathering characteristics of carbonate rocks under different geoenvironmental conditions is strongly controlled by the mineralogical composition and textural features of the rocks. The impact of slaking fluid in the degradability of limestone is very limited due to chemical reaction of CaCO3 especially in lower pH level acidic fluid, which reduced the bonding strength between grains. The findings will certainly help to resolve durability problems associated with engineering applications such as tunnels, slope stability, and etc. in the region and elsewhere.
A Thorough Study for PAHs in Dump Materials from Open-pit Lignite Mining, Maritsa Iztok Basin, Bulgaria
Authors: Marinov Stefan , Stefanova Maya , Milakovska Zlatka , Bechtel Achim 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in six samples from Bulgarian Lignite Dumps Maritsa Iztok are tracked and amounts are determined. For isolation of soluble organic matter (SOM) ca: 40 g of powdered dump samples were Soxhlet extracted by chloroform. After asphaltenes precipitation, maltenes were separated via column chromatography. The first two fractions were further analyzed. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to appreciate organic matter sources and to identify and quantify PAHs in the samples. The set of PAHs determined pointed out that 3 and 4 ring unsubstituted PAHs as dominant in the dump extracts. Total organic carbon (TOC) values of the samples varied in the range 1.18-5.63 wt.%. Phenanthrene + Methylphenanthrene amounts were in the range 0.44-2.98 mg/kg TOC, while for Fluoranthene + Pyrene were in the range 0.06-0.52 mg/kg TOC. Total amounts of PAHs varied in the range 7-41 microg/kg sample. Values were compared with the legislation norms for PAHs in soils. All magnitudes were under the regulation norms for harmful substances in soil published by the Bulgarian National Legislation (2008). In conclusion, the study is in an equivocal proof for the negligible amounts of PAHs in dump materials from Maritsa Iztok lignite mining. However, their amounts in dumps should be measured and monitored bearing in mind the huge territories covered by these waste materials of mining industry.
Description Criteria for Eocene Alveolinids: Examples from Inner Western Anatolia
Authors: Bozkurt Alper , Gormus Muhittin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Anatomical and morphological features which are used to describe alveolinid species, and their changes during Eocene are the subjects of this study. Changes in some of these features in time and place are important when interpreting geological history of the species. Thus, preliminary results of an ongoing research on Eocene of Inner Western Anatolia are exampled herein, and the relationship between the species is tried to be interpreted. Faunal associations and environmental characteristics of the species are mentioned. The obtained data show that the most important criteria for describing of alveolinids are as follows: test shape, index of elongation, flosculinisation, and coiling types throughout ontogeny. In addition, shape and size of septula and chamberlets, axial thickening, shape and size of the protoconch, and the ratio between the thickness of basal layer and the height of chamber are also important to be considered.
Proposal of Prevention Measures Against Drought in Urban Areas
Authors: Soltesz Andrej , Cervenanska Michaela , Zivcicova Katarina , Mydla Jakub , Bucek Daniel , Honti Richard 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
The creation of the adaptation strategy on impacts of the climate change in urban area comes out from assumption that the adaptation is not just a single shot but a cyclic dynamic process which has to be systematic and coordinated taking into account the necessity and effectiveness. Those cities which are or will be able to integrate the adaptation into planning process will better resist to reality which is affording the new period of climate change. One of those cities is the Trnava City in Slovakia. The analysis of the present climate change in the Trnava City and its surrounding assumes growing trend of temperature increase during the year and especially the increased extremeness. The combination of temperature and precipitation trends will affect the soil moisture and changes of run-off regimes of rivers. The main goal of proposal of water retention measures on the Trnavka River flowing through the city is the improvement of the water level by retaining the water what should attract public places and to cool down the air in the residential area of the city. The research was concentrated on evaluation of possible realisation of such water retention measures from water quantity and quality point of view. The solution consisted in design of several inflatable rubber weirs, its analysis and prognosis of water level and discharge regime in the Trnavka River using mathematical modelling connected with field measurements and updated detailed geodetic survey.
Main Features of Yakutites from the Ebelyakh Placer
Authors: Ugapeva Sargylana , Afanasiev Valentine , Pavlushin Anton , Eliseev Aleksandr 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Yakutites (polycrystalline diamonds with lonsdaleite admixture) from the Ebelyakh placer (Yakutia, Russia) have been studied by optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and neutron diffraction in order to reveal their difference from tagamite-hosted diamonds of the Popigai impact crater. The yakutite aggregates are 2.0 mm to 13.0 mm in size and have a shapeless morphology or sometimes preserve hexagonal contours of primary graphite. Raman spectra are characterized by a broadened line in the region of cubic 3C diamond, which is interpreted as the sum of spectra from cubic 3C diamond and three peaks related to Lonsdaleite: 1338 (E1g), 1280 (A1g) and 1224 (E2g). On the surface of yakutites revealed the presence of a silicate glass film. The main elements are iron, silicon from the surrounding silicate matter. Neutron stress diffractometry showed the content of diamond and Lonsdaleite in the sample of yakutite by 50%, two cases of preferential orientation of two phases were recorded: (110) diamond // (110) Lonsdaleite; (111) diamond // (001) Lonsdaleite. Both yakutites and tagamite-hosted diamonds are of impact origin and share similarity in the phase composition consisting of more abundant diamond and subordinate amounts of lonsdaleite. Differences between them depend on the place of their formation. Yakutites were formed in the epicenter of the explosion and were thrown out of the crater at a distance of more than 550 km in radial directions, and from the vertical ejection - they got back to the crater. In tagamites, impact diamonds were formed simultaneously with the rock melting due to the shock wave that came from the epicenter. The presence of a silicate glass film on the surface of yakutites indicates that they were hardened after ejection from the crater. Yakutites represent distinct mineral fraction outside the crater. They are found as placers along with common diamonds and other detritus. Within the crater they are genetically related to suevites – tuffaceous component of the impactites and enter the crater placers due to the physical weathering of suevites. Tagamite diamonds practically do not occur in the crater placers, because tagamite is a very hard rock and in the absence of chemical weathering these diamonds can’t be released. Thus, diamonds from tagamites and yakutites, having a common impact nature, differ in some properties determined by the place of formation and post-impact history.
Effect of Sodium Boron Hydride (NaBH4) on Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate Pyrolysis
Authors: Olam Mikail , Karaca Huseyin 
Published: November 2019

Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate, which is used in many applications today, is very important in terms of nature and source in order to ensure recycling by appropriate methods after use. Because polyethylene terephthalate is a durable and long-lasting thermoplastic which is resistant to many environmental influences. Recovering residual plastics has become mandatory. In this study, the conversion of waste plastic to a new liquid fuel by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) pyrolysis method was investigated. Sodium boron hydride (NaBH4) was used as both catalyst and hydrogen donor in the pyrolysis experiments. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a batch reactor under catalytic and non-catalytic conditions, reaction time of 15-90 minutes, reaction temperature of 325-425 °C, solid/solvent ratio of 1/4 and initial nitrogen gas pressure of 20 bar. According to the results obtained, the most suitable reaction temperature was found to be 375-425 °C and the reaction time was 30 minutes. At the reaction times of 30 minutes, the maximum total conversion in non-catalytic conditions of waste polyethylene terephthalate samples was 53.1% at 400 °C reaction temperature and the highest oil + gas yield was 43.7% at 425 °C reaction temperature. In the pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate samples in the presence of sodium boron hydride, the maximum total conversion was 55.3% at 400 °C reaction temperature and the highest oil + gas yield was 44.6% at 425 °C reaction temperature. As a result, it can be argued that sodium boron hydride used in pyrolysis experiments of waste polyethylene terephthalate acts as both catalytic and hydrogen donor.