bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conspiracist beliefs, intuitive thinking, and schizotypal facets: A further evaluation
Authors: Denovan Andrew , Dagnall Neil , Drinkwater Ken , Parker Andrew , Neave Nick 
Published: June 2020

SummaryThis study examined whether thinking style mediated relationships between belief in conspiracy and schizotypy facets. A UK‐based sample of 421 respondents completed the Generic Conspiracist Beliefs Scale (GCBS), Oxford‐Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences Short (O‐Life), and measures indexing preferential thinking style (proneness to reality testing deficits and Need for Cognition). Path analysis revealed direct and indirect relationships between Conspiracy Beliefs and schizotypy facets. Unusual Experiences had a direct effect on Conspiracy Beliefs and predicted Reality Testing and Need for Cognition. Preferential thinking style mediated the schizotypy‐belief in conspiracy relationship. This pattern of results (higher experiential‐based processing and lower Need for Cognition) was consistent with intuitive thinking. Introverted Anhedonia and Impulsive Nonconformity predicted Reality Testing and had indirect effects on Conspiracy Beliefs. Finally, Reality Testing predicted Conspiracy Beliefs, whereas Need for Cognition did not. These results confirm that cognitive processes related to thinking style mediate the schizotypy‐conspiracist beliefs relationship.
Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents for Enhanced Delivery of Antibodies in the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Angsantikul Pavimol , Peng Kevin , Curreri Alexander M. , Chua Ye , Chen Kevin Z. , Ehondor Jessica , Mitragotri Samir 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are currently used for the treatment of numerous conditions including cancer, psoriasis, arthritis, and atopic dermatitis, among others. All mAbs are currently administered by either intravenous or subcutaneous injections. Herein, the use of a novel ionic liquid and deep eutectic solvent, choline and glycolate (CGLY), as a platform for gastrointestinal administration of therapeutic antibodies is reported. CGLY maintains the stability and structure of TNFα antibody. CGLY significantly enhances paracellular transport of TNFα antibody in vitro. CGLY also reduces the viscosity of the intestinal mucus, another key barrier for antibody transport. In vivo results in rats demonstrate that CGLY effectively delivers TNFα antibody into the intestinal mucosa as well as systemic circulation. One week repeat dose study followed by histology and serum biochemistry analysis indicates that CGLY is well tolerated by rats. Overall, this work illustrates the promise of using choline‐based ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents as an oral delivery platform for local as well as systemic delivery of therapeutic antibodies.
A Graphdiyne Oxide‐Based Iron Sponge with Photothermally Enhanced Tumor‐Specific Fenton Chemistry
Authors: Min Huan , Qi Yingqiu , Zhang Yinlong , Han Xuexiang , Cheng Keman , Liu Ying , Liu Huibiao , Hu Jianshe , Nie Guangjun , Li Yiye 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFenton reaction‐mediated oncotherapy is an emerging strategy which uses iron ions to catalytically convert endogenous hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals, the most reactive oxygen species found in biology, for efficient cancer therapy. However, Fenton reaction efficiency in tumor tissue is typically limited due to restrictive conditions. One strategy to overcome this obstacle is to increase the temperature specifically at the tumor site. Herein, a tumor‐targeting iron sponge (TTIS) nanocomposite based on graphdiyne oxide, which has a high affinity for iron is described. TTIS can accumulate in tumor tissue by decoration with a tumor‐targeting polymer to enable tumor photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging. With its excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (37.5%), TTIS is an efficient photothermal therapy (PTT) agent. Moreover, the heat produced in the process of PTT can accelerate the release of iron ions from TTIS and simultaneously enhance the efficiency of the Fenton reaction, thus achieving a combined PTT and Fenton reaction‐mediated cancer therapy. This work introduces a graphdiyne oxide‐based iron sponge that exerts an enhanced antitumor effect through PTT and Fenton chemistry.
Highly Efficient Persistent Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from Heavy Atom‐Free Molecules Triggered by Hidden Long Phosphorescent Antenna
Authors: Bhattacharjee Indranil , Hirata Shuzo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPersistent (lifetime > 100 ms) room‐temperature phosphorescence (pRTP) is important for state‐of‐the‐art security and bioimaging applications. An unclear relationship between chromophores and physical parameters relating to pRTP has prevented obtaining an RTP yield of over 50% and a lifetime over 1 s. Here highly efficient pRTP is reported under ambient conditions from heavy atom‐free chromophores. A heavy atom‐free aromatic core substituted with a long‐conjugated amino group considerably accelerates the phosphorescence rate independent of the intramolecular vibration‐based nonradiative rate from the lowest excited triplet state. One of the designed heavy atom‐free dopant chromophores presents an RTP yield of 50% with a lifetime of 1 s under ambient conditions. The afterglow brightness under strong excitation is at least 104 times stronger than that of conventional long‐persistent luminescence emitters. Here it is shown that highly efficient pRTP materials allow for high‐resolution gated emission with a size of the diffraction limit using small‐scale and low‐cost photodetectors.
Gradient‐Concentration Design of Stable Core–Shell Nanostructure for Acidic Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis
Authors: Lyu Xiao , Jia Yi , Mao Xin , Li Daohao , Li Gen , Zhuang Linzhou , Wang Xin , Yang Dongjiang , Wang Qiang , Du Aijun , Yao Xiangdong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractManipulating the surface structure of electrocatalysts at the atomic level is of primary importance to simultaneously achieve the activity and stability dual‐criteria in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Here, a durable acidic ORR electrocatalyst with the “defective‐armored” structure of Pt shell and Pt–Ni core nanoparticle decorated on graphene (Pt–Ni@PtD/G) using a facile and controllable galvanic replacement reaction to generate gradient distribution of Pt–Ni composition from surface to interior, followed by a partial dealloying approach, leaching the minor nickel atoms on the surface to generate defective Pt skeleton shell, is reported. The Pt–Ni@PtD/G catalyst shows impressive performance for ORR in acidic (0.1 m HClO4) electrolyte, with a high mass activity of threefold higher than that of Pt/C catalyst owing to the tuned electronic structure of locally concave Pt surface sites through synergetic contributions of Pt–Ni core and defective Pt shell. More importantly, the electrochemically active surface areas still retain 96% after 20 000 potential cycles, attributing to the Pt atomic shell acting as the protective “armor” to prevent interior Ni atoms from further dissolution during the long‐term operation.
Self‐Assembled Graphene Hydrogel Composites for Selective Dye Removal
Authors: Al Subhi Azza , Valizadeh Kiamahalleh Mohammad , Firouzi Maryam , Yousefi Fereshteh , Kyaw Htet Htet , Al Abri Mohammed , Firouzi Amin , Valizadeh Kiamahalleh Meisam 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGraphene‐based hydrogels are known as promising amphiphilic agents for water uptake and selective organic contaminant removal. However, it is a challenge to prevent graphene sheet restacking during the gelation as this factor significantly influences the adsorption behavior of organic contaminant. A porous reduced graphene oxide‐starch hydrogel (rGOSH) with enhanced pore size is produced by a simple one‐step method through starch‐directed self‐assembly of graphene sheets. This hydrogel demonstrated to be a promising candidate for the selective removal of organic dye molecules, where positive and neutral dyes are adsorbed, and the negative one is repelled. In particular, the hydrogel prepared with incorporation of starch between the graphene sheets, adsorbs positively charged dye ≈75% more than reduced graphene oxide hydrogel, due to better diffusion into larger pore size and strong electrostatic interaction with negatively charged oxygen groups. Furthermore, the Langmuir isotherm model and kinetic studies for dyes adsorption onto rGOSH reveal that the adsorption mechanisms are dominantly chemisorption within the porous hydrogel structure since the experimental data can be well fitted to the pseudo‐second‐order dynamic equation with the highest adsorption capacity (1106.950 µg g−1) and kinetic (1.957E‐05 g µg−1 min−0.5) toward the positively charged dye.
Nanocellulose‐MXene Biomimetic Aerogels with Orientation‐Tunable Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performance
Authors: Zeng Zhihui , Wang Changxian , Siqueira Gilberto , Han Daxin , Huch Anja , Abdolhosseinzadeh Sina , Heier Jakob , Nüesch Frank , Zhang Chuanfang (John) , Nyström Gustav 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDesigning lightweight nanostructured aerogels for high‐performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is crucial yet challenging. Ultrathin cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are employed for assisting in building ultralow‐density, robust, and highly flexible transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) aerogels with oriented biomimetic cell walls. A significant influence of the angles between oriented cell walls and the incident EM wave electric field direction on the EMI shielding performance is revealed, providing an intriguing microstructure design strategy. MXene “bricks” bonded by CNF “mortars” of the nacre‐like cell walls induce high mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and interfacial polarization, yielding the resultant MXene/CNF aerogels an ultrahigh EMI shielding performance. The EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of the aerogels reaches 74.6 or 35.5 dB at a density of merely 8.0 or 1.5 mg cm–3, respectively. The normalized surface specific SE is up to 189 400 dB cm2 g–1, significantly exceeding that of other EMI shielding materials reported so far.
Charge Transfer into Organic Thin Films: A Deeper Insight through Machine‐Learning‐Assisted Structure Search
Authors: Egger Alexander T. , Hörmann Lukas , Jeindl Andreas , Scherbela Michael , Obersteiner Veronika , Todorović Milica , Rinke Patrick , Hofmann Oliver T. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDensity functional theory calculations are combined with machine learning to investigate the coverage‐dependent charge transfer at the tetracyanoethylene/Cu(111) hybrid organic/inorganic interface. The study finds two different monolayer phases, which exhibit a qualitatively different charge‐transfer behavior. Our results refute previous theories of long‐range charge transfer to molecules not in direct contact with the surface. Instead, they demonstrate that experimental evidence supports our hypothesis of a coverage‐dependent structural reorientation of the first monolayer. Such phase transitions at interfaces may be more common than currently envisioned, beckoning a thorough reevaluation of organic/inorganic interfaces.
Soil carbon stock in archaeological black earth under different land use systems in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: López‐Noronha Renato , de Souza Zigomar Menezes , Soares Marcelo Dayron Rodrigues , Campos Milton César Costa , Farhate Camila Viana Vieira , Oliveira Stanley Robson de Medeiros 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the Amazon, there are soils associated with continued human occupation known as “archeological black earth” (ABE). Due to its physical and chemical properties, ABE is more productive than other typical soils in the same region. Therefore, its carbon (C) sequestration mechanism has been a major topic of discussion by the scientific community, aiming to replicate similar characteristics in other soils. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a predictive model using feature selection and decision tree induction methods for predicting soil C stock in ABE under different land use scenarios. The experiment was carried out in agricultural (coffee, cacao, and beans), pasture, and forest areas. Four feature selection approaches were used to identify the most relevant variables for the proposed model: (i) correlation‐based feature selection, (ii) the χ2 test, (iii) the Wrapper method, and (iv) no feature selection. The decision tree induction technique available in the Weka software was selected for data classification. Soils under cacao and coffee cultivation tend to accumulate more C when compared with soils located at bean crops, pasture, or forest land use systems. Land use and sand content were among the most important variables for the prediction of soil C stock in ABE. Furthermore, the use of a decision tree was effective at predicting soil C stocks for these soils because it enables the creation of models with high accuracy rates of 83, 74, and 81% (using seven, seven, and four rules at depths of 0.00–0.05, 0.05–0.10, and 0.10–0.20 m, respectively).
Model‐based reinforcement learning for nonlinear optimal control with practical asymptotic stability guarantees
Authors: Kim Yeonsoo , Lee Jong Min 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe propose a new reinforcement learning approach for nonlinear optimal control where the value function is updated as restricted to control Lyapunov function (CLF) and the policy is improved using a variation of Sontag's formula. The practical asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system is guaranteed during the training and at the end of training without requiring an additional actor network and its update rule. For a single‐layer neural network (NN) with exact basis functions, the approximate function converges to the optimal value function, resulting in the optimal controller. When a deep NN is used, the level set shapes of the trained NN become similar to those of the optimal value function. Because Sontag's formula with CLF is equivalent to the optimal controller when the given CLF has the same level set shapes as the optimal value function, Sontag's formula with the trained NN provides a nearly optimal controller.
Enantioselective Construction of Vicinal Sulfur‐functionalized Quaternary and Tertiary Stereocenters via Organocatalytic Michael Addition of 5H‐Thiazol‐4‐ones to 1‐Azadienes
Authors: Li Fushuai , Zhang Chen , Cheng Yuyu , Jia Qianfa , Li Wenjun , Liu Kun , Li Pengfei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn organocatalytic enantioselective Michael addition of 5H‐thiazol‐4‐ones to 1‐azadienes has been developed. In the presence of chiral phosphoric acid, a series of optically active benzofuran derivatives featured by vicinal sulfur‐containing quaternary and tertiary stereocenters were obtained in high yields (71‐99%) with high stereoselectivities (70–96% ee and 8 : 1–20 : 1 d.r.).
Chiral Trifluoromethylated Pyrrolidines via Cu–Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition
Authors: Cheng Xiang , Yan Dingce , Dong Xiu‐Qin , Wang Chun‐Jiang 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAn efficient access to chiral pyrrolidine derivatives bearing one trifluoromethylated quaternary stereogenic centers is developed through Cu(I)/(S)‐TF‐BiphamPhos‐catalyzed asymmetric 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with tert‐butyl 2‐(trifluoromethyl)acrylate in moderate to high yields, excellent diastereoselectivities and good enantioselectivities (up to 95% yield, >20 : 1 dr, 89% ee).
Photoswitchable Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes for a Light‐Induced Change of Membrane Morphology
Authors: Leifert Dirk , Moreland Alex S. , Limwongyut Jakkarin , Mikhailovsky Alexander A. , Bazan Guillermo C. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe synthesis of a new conjugated oligoelectrolyte (COE), namely DSAzB, is described, which contains a conjugated core bearing a diazene moiety in the center of its electronically delocalized structure. Similar to structurally related phenylenevinylene‐based COEs, DSAzB readily intercalates into model and natural lipid bilayer membranes. Photoinduced isomerization transforms the linear trans COE into a bent or C‐shape form. It is thereby possible to introduce DSAzB into the bilayer of a cell and disrupt its integrity by irradiation with light. This leads to controlled permeabilization of membranes, as demonstrated by the release of calcein from DMPG/DMPC vesicles and by propidium iodide influx experiments on S. epidermidis. Both experiments support that the permeabilization is selective for the light stimulus, highly efficient, and repeatable. Target‐selective and photoinduced actions demonstrated by DSAzB may have broad applications in biocatalysis and related biotechnologies.
The Effect of a Skin Barrier Film on the Incidence of Dressing‐Related Skin Blisters After Spine Surgery
Authors: Cole Maryanne , Smith Isabel , Vlad Steven C. , Golenbock Samuel W. , Sorrentino Kerry 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTTension blisters from adhesive dressings may lead to pain and delayed surgical wound healing for surgical patients and cause an institutional cost burden. Commercial skin barrier film products may reduce dressing‐related postoperative skin blistering in surgical patients. Project investigators at an orthopedic specialty hospital randomized 185 surgical spine patients to receive either a standard wound dressing (ie, control group) or a dressing with the addition of a skin barrier film applied beneath it (eg, treatment group). During the first postoperative dressing change, the participants’ skin was assessed for redness, soreness, blistering, or tearing. Approximately 15% of participants in the treatment group and 15% of participants in the control group developed a postoperative skin injury (P = .98). Multivariable analyses did not indicate the skin barrier film provided a protective effect. Additionally, there was no association between patient‐specific characteristics and skin blisters among the participants. These results do not support the use of a skin barrier film in surgical spine patients.
Stability of a‐C:H:SiOx coating on polypropylene to chemical sterilization
Authors: Grenadyorov Alexander S. , Solovyev Аndrey А. , Malashchenko Vladimir V. , Khlusov Igor A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) is traditionally used in the production of medical devices, such as catheters, dialyzers, syringes due to its good chemical and thermal resistance, biocompatibility, and low cost. Sterilization can however damage these devices, when the polymer additive releases into physiological fluids, thereby harming the patient health. This article proposes to deposit biocompatible a‐C:H:SiOx coatings onto PP surfaces and studies the coating stability after chemical sterilization. Five different chemical sterilizers, namely, hydrogen peroxide, ethanol, miramistin, formaldehyde, and ethylene oxide are used to compare their effect on the coating stability on the PP substrate. Untreated and sterilized samples are incubated in a liquid synthetic nutrient to obtain extracts that are used for sterility testing and determining the degree of interaction of samples with the nutrient medium. The changes in the coating functional groups and surface morphology are examined by using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the scanning electron microscopy, respectively. It is shown that the a‐C:H:SiOx coating has a protective effect on the PP substrates subjected to chemical sterilization. The experiment results clearly showed that the ethanol sterilization causes the most serious changes in the structure of PP, and also leads to the barrier coating failure. On the other hand, ethylene oxide sterilization has a minimal effect on the structure of both uncoated and coated PP substrates.
Healing phenomenon adapted to understand the miscibility of polymer blends: An approach based on the deformation mechanism
Authors: Ferreira Eder H. C. , Fechine Guilhermino J. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFollowing many years of studies on polyethylene blends, several indirect classical experimental methods (DSC, XRD, DMA, cryogen fracture surface using SEM, and Rheological Test in Oscillatory Flow) have been used to evaluate the compatibility between polyethylene blends. Here a study of a high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)—ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) system, which evidences that the compatibility of mixtures using these experimental methods does not assure good mechanical performance of the blends. In addition, the potential that these blends can perform mechanically may be overestimated. Based on the theory of healing at a polymer‐polymer interface, it was shown that the maximum mechanical performance of the HDPE‐UHMWPE blend can be obtained for long time molecular diffusion when the mixtures equilibrium (maximum mixing degree) at the HDPE‐UHMWPE interphase is achieved. The degree of mixture at the HDPE‐UHMWPE interphase was assessed indirectly by the deformation mechanism that each phase and the interphase plays during the tensile test (at solid state). The advances reported in this paper can contribute to understanding the mechanical performance of different systems formed by compatible polyethylene blends.
Population analysis to assess the influence of age and body weight on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dexmedetomidine in New Zealand White rabbits
Authors: Warzybok Justyna , Bienert Agnieszka , Borsuk‐De Moor Agnieszka , Płotek Włodzimierz , Kulińska Karolina , Czerniak Katarzyna , Billert Hanna , Klupczyńska Agnieszka , Matysiak Jan , Grześkowiak Edmund , Wiczling Paweł 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this work was i) to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) model of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in New Zealand White rabbits, ii) to investigate the influence of the age and weight of the animals on the model parameters, and iii) to assess the linearity of DEX PKs in the examined dose range. This was a prospective, crossover study, using a total of 18 New Zealand White rabbits. DEX was administered as a single intravenous bolus injection in the doses from 25 to 300 μg kg−1. Each New Zealand White rabbit was given the same dose of drug in its three developmental stages. To determine the DEX PK, seven blood samples were taken from each animal. The pedal withdrawal reflex was the PD response used to assess the degree of sedation. Nonlinear mixed effects modelling was used for the population PK/PD analysis. The typical value of elimination clearance was 0.061 L min−1 and was 35% higher in younger New Zealand White rabbits compared with older animals. The PK of DEX was linear in the examined concentration range. Age‐related changes in sensitivity to DEX were not detected. The results suggest that due to the pharmacokinetics, younger animals will have lower DEX concentrations and a shorter duration of sedation than older animals given the same doses of DEX per kg of body weight.