bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magmatic‐Hydrothermal Alteration Mechanism for Late Mesozoic Remagnetization in the South China Block
Authors: Gao Liang , Wang Qingfei , Deng Jun , Chen Fangge , Zhang Shihong , Yang Zhenyu 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAlthough the late Mesozoic remagnetization of the South China Block (SCB) is well recognized, the mechanism is unclear due to poor constraints on the genesis of secondary magnetic minerals. This issue is addressed via the study of the world's largest Paleozoic Mn deposit, in which both early Paleozoic sedimentation of manganese carbonate minerals and undated hydrothermal overprinting manifested by the presence of Mn silicate minerals with associated magnetite. Laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry in situ element analyses and paleomagnetic studies are applied to determine the age of hydrothermal alteration, and the results shed new light on the remagnetization mechanism of the SCB. Laser ablation‐inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry in situ analyses show that the secondary magnetites have high values of (Ca + Al + Mn) and low values of (Ti + V) and (Ni/Cr)/Ti. This, together with coexisting skarn formation, supports a hydrothermal origin. The postfolding remagnetization is characterized by a stable component and a systematic normal polarity, carried by magnetite. The mean direction has a declination of 22.9° and an inclination of 56.1°, with a statistical parameter α95 of 4.1°. Comparison with previously reported paleopoles indicates that the remagnetization was mostly acquired during the Late Cretaceous. Therefore, our results confirm that the hydrothermal magnetite carries a chemical remanent magnetization as a result of Late Cretaceous skarn formation. From a regional perspective, hydrothermal alteration from the Middle Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous, covering most parts of SCB, is proposed to be one of the important mechanisms for the ubiquitous late Mesozoic remagnetization.
The Large‐Scale Circulation Patterns Responsible for Extreme Precipitation Over the North China Plain in Midsummer
Authors: Zhao Yang , Xu Xiangde , Li Jiao , Zhang Rong , Kang Yanzhen , Huang Wubin , Xia Yu , Liu Di , Sun Xiaoyun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractExtreme precipitation events over the North China Plain (NCP) in midsummer during 1979–2016 are classified into two types using objective cluster analysis: a northern pattern with heavy precipitation and a central–southern pattern with relatively moderate precipitation. The large‐scale circulation patterns responsible for the midsummer extreme precipitation are then determined. In the northern NCP type, extreme precipitation accompanies a zonal gradient between an anomalous low‐pressure system at high latitudes and the westward‐ and northward‐extended western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH). Anomalous southwesterlies flow is driven by a trough that extended from the high latitudes to the northern NCP, where it encounters southeasterly wind flow induced by an anomalously northward‐extended WNPSH and a southern low‐pressure anomaly at low latitudes. Anomalous amounts of moisture are mainly transported from the tropical western Pacific by southeasterlies. In the central–southern NCP type, remarkable anomalous low‐pressure systems control all of northern China with centers over the Sichuan Basin and northeast China. The westward‐extended WNPSH occupies further south than that of the northern NCP type. The southwesterly low‐level jet (LLJ) is more prevalent in the central–southern NCP type than in the northern NCP type. This southwesterly LLJ plays an important role in extreme precipitation over the central–southern NCP by transporting moisture primarily from the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea and generating convergence. In addition, the upper‐level anomalous strong divergence that is anchored over the right entrance of the westerly jet makes a greater contribution to extreme precipitation in the northern type than in the central–southern type.
Polar Cap Patch Prediction in the Expanding Contracting Polar Cap Paradigm
Authors: Fæhn Follestad A. , Clausen L. B. N. , Thomas E. G. , Jin Y. , Coster A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSpace weather can cause serious disturbances of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) used for positioning and navigation purposes. This paper describes a new method to forecast space weather disturbances on GNSS at high latitudes, in which we describe the formation and propagation of polar cap patches and predict their arrival at the nightside auroral oval. The space weather prediction model builds on the expanding/contracting polar cap (ECPC) paradigm and total electron content (TEC) observations from the Global Positioning System (GPS) network. The input parameter is satellite observations of the interplanetary magnetic field at the first Lagrange point. To validate our prediction model, we perform a case study in which we compare the results from our prediction model to observations from the GPS TEC data from the MIT's Madrigal database, convection data from Super Dual Auroral radar network, and scintillation data from Svalbard. Our results show that the ECPC paradigm describes the polar cap patch motion well and can be used to predict scintillations of GPS signals at high latitudes.
The Alichur Dome, South Pamir, Western India–Asia Collisional Zone: Detailing the Neogene Shakhdara–Alichur Syn‐collisional Gneiss‐Dome Complex and Connection to Lithospheric Processes
Authors: Worthington James R. , Ratschbacher Lothar , Stübner Konstanze , Khan Jahanzeb , Malz Nicole , Schneider Susanne , Kapp Paul , Chapman James B. , Stevens Goddard Andrea , Brooks Hanna L. , Lamadrid Hector M. , Steele‐MacInnis Matthew , Rutte Daniel , Jonckheere Raymond , Pfänder Jörg , Hacker Bradley R. , Oimahmadov Ilhomjon , Gadoev Mustafo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNeogene, syn‐collisional extensional exhumation of Asian lower–middle crust produced the Shakhdara–Alichur gneiss‐dome complex in the South Pamir. The <1 km‐thick, mylonitic–brittle, top‐NNE, normal‐sense Alichur shear zone (ASZ) bounds the 125 × 25 km Alichur dome to the north. The Shakhdara dome is bounded by the <4 km‐thick, mylonitic–brittle, top‐SSE South Pamir normal‐sense shear zone (SPSZ) to the south, and the dextral Gunt wrench zone to its north. The Alichur dome comprises Cretaceous granitoids/gneisses cut by early Miocene leucogranites; its hanging wall contains non/weakly metamorphosed rocks. The 22–17 Ma Alichur‐dome‐injection‐complex leucogranites transition from foliation‐parallel, centimeter‐ to meter‐thick sheets within the ASZ into discordant intrusions that may comprise half the volume of the dome core. Secondary fluid inclusions in mylonites and mylonitization‐temperature constraints suggest Alichur‐dome exhumation from 10–15 km depth. Thermochronologic dates bracket footwall cooling between ~410–130 °C from ~16–4 Ma; tectonic cooling/exhumation rates (~42 °C/Myr, ~1.1 km/Myr) contrast with erosion‐dominated rates in the hanging wall (~2 °C/Myr, <0.1 km/Myr). Dome‐scale boudinage, oblique divergence of the ASZ and SPSZ hanging walls, and dextral wrenching reflect minor approximately E–W material flow out of the orogen. We attribute broadly southward younging extensional exhumation across the central South Pamir between ~20–4 Ma to: (i) Mostly northward, foreland‐directed flow of hot crust into a cold foreland during the growth of the Pamir orocline; and (ii) Contrasting effects of basal shear related to underthrusting Indian lithosphere, enhancing extension in the underthrust South Pamir and inhibiting extension in the non‐underthrust Central Pamir.
Elevated Hedgehog activity contributes to attenuated DNA damage responses in aged hematopoietic cells
Authors: Scheffold Annika , Baig Ali H. , Chen Zhiyang , von Löhneysen Sarah E. , Becker Friedrich , Morita Yohei , Avila Alush I. , Groth Marco , Lechel André , Schmid Florian , Kraus Johann M. , Kestler Hans A. , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Philipp Melanie , Burkhalter Martin D. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAccumulation of DNA damage and myeloid-skewed differentiation characterize aging of the hematopoietic system, yet underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that aging hematopoietic progenitor cells particularly of the myeloid branch exhibit enhanced resistance to bulky DNA lesions—a relevant type of DNA damage induced by toxins such as cancer drugs or endogenous aldehydes. We identified aging-associated activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway to be connected to this phenotype. Inhibition of Hh signaling reverts DNA damage tolerance and DNA damage-resistant proliferation in aged hematopoietic progenitors. Vice versa, elevating Hh activity in young hematopoietic progenitors is sufficient to impair DNA damage responses. Altogether, these findings provide experimental evidence for aging-associated increases in Hh activity driving DNA damage tolerance in myeloid progenitors and myeloid-skewed differentiation. Modulation of Hh activity could thus be explored as a therapeutic strategy to prevent DNA damage tolerance, myeloid skewing, and disease development in the aging hematopoietic system.
Metabolic programming determines the lineage-differentiation fate of murine bone marrow stromal progenitor cells
Authors: Tencerova Michaela , Rendina-Ruedy Elizabeth , Neess Ditte , Færgeman Nils , Figeac Florence , Ali Dalia , Danielsen Morten , Haakonsson Anders , Rosen Clifford J. , Kassem Moustapha 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEnhanced bone marrow adipogenesis and impaired osteoblastogenesis have been observed in obesity, suggesting that the metabolic microenvironment regulates bone marrow adipocyte and osteoblast progenitor differentiation fate. To determine the molecular mechanisms, we studied two immortalized murine cell lines of adipocyte or osteoblast progenitors (BMSCsadipo and BMSCsosteo, respectively) under basal and adipogenic culture conditions. At baseline, BMSCsadipo, and BMSCsosteo exhibit a distinct metabolic program evidenced by the presence of specific global gene expression, cellular bioenergetics, and metabolomic signatures that are dependent on insulin signaling and glycolysis in BMSCsosteo versus oxidative phosphorylation in BMSCsadipo. To test the flexibility of the metabolic program, we treated BMSCsadipo with parathyroid hormone, S961 (an inhibitor of insulin signaling) and oligomycin (an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation). The treatment induced significant changes in cellular bioenergetics that were associated with decreased adipocytic differentiation. Similarly, 12 weeks of a high-fat diet in mice led to the expansion of adipocyte progenitors, enhanced adipocyte differentiation and insulin signaling in cultured BMSCs. Our data demonstrate that BMSC progenitors possess a distinct metabolic program and are poised to respond to exogenous metabolic cues that regulate their differentiation fate.
Non-glide effects and dislocation core fields in BCC metals
Authors: Kraych Antoine , Clouet Emmanuel , Dezerald Lucile , Ventelon Lisa , Willaime François , Rodney David 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA hallmark of low-temperature plasticity in body-centered cubic (BCC) metals is its departure from Schmid’s law. One aspect is that non-glide stresses, which do not produce any driving force on the dislocations, may affect the yield stress. We show here that this effect is due to a variation of the relaxation volume of the $$1/2\langle 111\rangle$$1∕2⟨111⟩ screw dislocations during glide. We predict quantitatively non-glide effects by modeling the dislocation core as an Eshelby inclusion, which couples elastically to the applied stress. This model explains the physical origin of the generalized yield criterion classically used to include non-Schmid effects in constitutive models of BCC plasticity. We use first-principles calculations to properly account for dislocation cores and use tungsten as a reference BCC metal. However, the methodology developed here applies to other BCC metals, other energy models and other solids showing non-glide effects.
Quantum random number generation with uncharacterized laser and sunlight
Authors: Li Yu-Huai , Han Xuan , Cao Yuan , Yuan Xiao , Li Zheng-Ping , Guan Jian-Yu , Yin Juan , Zhang Qiang , Ma Xiongfeng , Peng Cheng-Zhi , Pan Jian-Wei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe entropy or randomness source is an essential ingredient in random number generation. Quantum random number generators generally require well modeled and calibrated light sources, such as a laser, to generate randomness. With uncharacterized light sources, such as sunlight or an uncharacterized laser, genuine randomness is practically hard to be quantified or extracted owing to its unknown or complicated structure. By exploiting a recently proposed source-independent randomness generation protocol, we theoretically modify it by considering practical issues and experimentally realize the modified scheme with an uncharacterized laser and a sunlight source. The extracted randomness is guaranteed to be secure independent of its source and the randomness generation speed reaches 1 Mbps, three orders of magnitude higher than the original realization. Our result signifies the power of quantum technology in randomness generation and paves the way to high-speed semi-self-testing quantum random number generators with practical light sources.
Autocrine Production of Interleukin-34 Promotes the Development of Endometriosis through CSF1R/JAK3/STAT6 signaling
Authors: Lin Kaiqing , Ma Junyan , Peng Yaomin , Sun Meina , Xu Kaihong , Wu Ruijin , Lin Jun 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInterleukin (IL)-34 plays a critical role in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation and immunoregulation. Numerous diseases can be attributed to the dysregulation of IL-34 signaling. This study was performed to investigate the function of IL-34 in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Firstly, by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay, we found that IL-34, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were increased in the sera of patients with endometriosis. Secondly, exposure to IL-34 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of eutopic endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Additionally, stimulation with IL-34 up-regulated colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), p-JAK3, p-STAT6, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in these eutopic ESCs. Treatment with AS1517499, an inhibitor of STAT6, remarkably abrogated the alterations induced by IL-34. A Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay demonstrated binding of STAT6 to the IL-34 promoter, further implicating STAT6 in IL-34 signaling. Notably, reverse results were obtained in ectopic ESCs with the application of an IL-34 neutralizing antibody. In vivo, AS1517499 suppressed the maintenance of endometriosis lesions in rats. In summary, autocrine production of IL-34, mediated by STAT6, promoted the development of endometriosis in vitro and in vivo through the CSF1R/JAK3/STAT6 pathway. Our research reveals the function of IL-34 in endometriosis, which may provide insight into novel therapeutic strategies for endometriosis.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis CysA2 is a dual sulfurtransferase with activity against thiosulfate and 3-mercaptopyruvate and interacts with mammalian cells
Authors: Meza A. N. , Cambui C. C. N. , Moreno A. C. R. , Fessel M. R. , Balan A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCyanide is a toxic compound that is converted to the non-toxic thiocyanate by a rhodanese enzyme. Rhodaneses belong to the family of transferases (sulfurtransferases), which are largely studied. The sulfur donor defines the subfamily of these enzymes as thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtransferases or rhodaneses (TSTs) or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransfeases (MSTs). InMycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, the gene Rv0815c encodes the protein CysA2, a putative uncharacterized thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtransferase that belongs to the essential sulfur assimilation pathway in the bacillus and is secreted during infection. In this work, we characterized the functional and structural properties of CysA2 and its kinetic parameters. The recombinant CysA2 is a α/β protein with two rhodanese-like domains that maintains the functional motifs and a catalytic cysteine. Sulfurtransferase activity was determined using thiosulfate and 3-mercaptopyruvate as sulfur donors. The assays showed Kmvalues of 2.89 mM and 7.02 mM for thiosulfate and 3-mercaptopyruvate, respectively, indicating the protein has dual activity as TST and MST. Immunological assays revealed that CysA2 interacted with pulmonary cells, and it was capable to activate macrophages and dendritic cells, indicating the stimulation of the immune response, which is important for its use as an antigen for vaccine development and immunodiagnostic.
Understanding allosteric interactions in hMLKL protein that modulate necroptosis and its inhibition
Authors: Bansal Nupur , Sciabola Simone , Bhisetti Govinda 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMixed Lineage Kinase domain-Like (MLKL), a key player in necroptosis, is a multi-domain protein with an N-terminal 4 helical bundle (4HB) and a pseudokinase domain (PsK) connected by brace helices. Phosphorylation of PsK domain of MLKL is a key step towards oligomerization of 4HB domain that causes cell death. Necrosulfonamide (NSA) binds to the 4HB domain of MLKL to inhibit necroptosis. To understand the molecular details of MLKL function and it’s inhibition, we have performed a molecular dynamic study on hMLKL protein in apo, phosphorylated and NSA-bound states for a total 3 μs simulation time. Our simulations show increased inter-domain flexibility, increased rigidification of the activation loop and increased alpha helical content in the brace helix region revealing a form of monomeric hMLKL necessary for oligomerization upon phosphorylation as compared to apo state. NSA binding disrupts this activated form and causes two main effects on hMLKL conformation: (1) locking of the relative orientation of 4HB and PsK domains by the formation of several new interactions and (2) prevention of key 4HB residues to participate in cross-linking for oligomer formation. This new understanding of the effect of hMLKL conformations on phosphorylation and NSA binding suggest new avenues for designing effective allosteric inhibitors of hMLKL.
Insufficient production of IL-10 from M2 macrophages impairs in vitro endothelial progenitor cell differentiation in patients with Moyamoya disease
Authors: Nagata Eiichiro , Masuda Haruchika , Nakayama Taira , Netsu Shizuka , Yuzawa Hiroko , Fujii Natsuko , Kohara Saori , Sorimachi Takatoshi , Osada Takahiro , Imazeki Ryoko , Matsumae Mitsunori , Asahara Takayuki , Takizawa Shunya 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMoyamoya disease (MMD) is well known to be caused by insufficient cerebral vascular formation. However, the essential pathogenesis has not yet been identified. Using our recently developed technique of generating vasculogenic and anti-inflammatory cultures, we investigated endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) expansion and differentiation under the cytokine milieu generated by the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) of the operated and non-operated MMD patients. EPC colony forming assay of the cultured PBMNCs disclosed the decline of the definitive EPC colony numbers in the both MMD patients. The level of interleukin-10 (IL-10) was lower in secretory cytokines from the cultured PBMNCs of MMD patients than that in that of controls using a cytometric bead array. The addition of human recombinant IL-10 to PBMNCs cultured from MMD patients restored the EPC colony forming potential of MMD PBMNCs. Following phorbol myristate acetate stimulation of the cultured PBMNCs, flow cytometry revealed a decrease in intracellular IL-10 storage in the main cell populations of the PBMNCs cultured from MMD patients relative to those cultured from controls. The present data provide the expected mechanism of vascular malformation in MMD pathogenesis originated from the insufficient production of IL-10 secreting cells from PBMNCs fostering EPC expansion and differentiation.
Additive manufacturing of laminar flow cells for single-molecule experiments
Authors: Ahmadi Arash , Till Katharina , Hafting Yngve , Schüttpelz Mark , Bjørås Magnar , Glette Kyrre , Tørresen Jim , Rowe Alexander D. , Dalhus Bjørn 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA microfluidic laminar flow cell (LFC) forms an indispensable component in single-molecule experiments, enabling different substances to be delivered directly to the point under observation and thereby tightly controlling the biochemical environment immediately surrounding single molecules. Despite substantial progress in the production of such components, the process remains relatively inefficient, inaccurate and time-consuming. Here we address challenges and limitations in the routines, materials and the designs that have been commonly employed in the field, and introduce a new generation of LFCs designed for single-molecule experiments and assembled using additive manufacturing. We present single- and multi-channel, as well as reservoir-based LFCs produced by 3D printing to perform single-molecule experiments. Using these flow cells along with optical tweezers, we show compatibility with single-molecule experiments including the isolation and manipulation of single DNA molecules either attached to the surface of a coverslip or as freely movable DNA dumbbells, as well as direct observation of protein-DNA interactions. Using additive manufacturing to produce LFCs with versatility of design and ease of production allow experimentalists to optimize the flow cells to their biological experiments and provide considerable potential for performing multi-component single-molecule experiments.
Adsorption of indium by waste biomass of brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum
Authors: Pennesi Chiara , Amato Alessia , Occhialini Stefano , Critchley Alan T. , Totti Cecilia , Giorgini Elisabetta , Conti Carla , Beolchini Francesca 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe biosorption capacities of dried meal and a waste product from the processing for biostimulant extract of Ascophyllum nodosum were evaluated as candidates for low-cost, effective biomaterials for the recovery of indium(III). The use of indium has significantly grown in the last decade, because of its utilization in hi-tech. Two formats were evaluated as biosorbents: waste-biomass, a residue derived from the alkaline extraction of a commercial, biostimulant product, and natural-biomass which was harvested, dried and milled as a commercial, “kelp meal” product. Two systems have been evaluated: ideal system with indium only, and double metal-system with indium and iron, where two different levels of iron were investigated. For both systems, the indium biosorption by the brown algal biomass was found to be pH-dependent, with an optimum at pH3. In the ideal system, indium adsorption was higher (maximum adsorptions of 48 mg/g for the processed, waste biomass and 63 mg/g for the natural biomass), than in the double metal-system where the maximum adsorption was with iron at 0.07 g/L. Good values of indium adsorption were demonstrated in both the ideal and double systems: there was competition between the iron and indium ions for the binding sites available in the A. nodosum-derived materials. Data suggested that the processed, waste biomass of the algae, could be a good biosorbent for its indium absorption properties. This had the double advantages of both recovery of indium (high economic importance), and also definition of a virtuous circular economic innovative strategy, whereby a waste becomes a valuable resource.