bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The applicability of Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology system on reporting endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration cytology specimens of pancreatic lesions in situations with limited availability of ancillary tests. Experience at a single laboratory
Authors: Mallik Mrinmay Kumar , Qadan Laila Rafiq , Al Naseer Abdullah , AlAli Ali , Al Ansari Taiba , Naquib Shafi Ahmed Inamdar , Das Dilip Kumar , Kapila Kusum 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIntroduction The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology (PSC) system of reporting pancreatobiliary cytology is a standardised reporting nomenclature that uses a six‐tiered scheme of diagnostic categories utilising routine microscopy and ancillary tests such as biochemical and molecular analysis of cyst fluids and immunochemistry. The objective of this study was to determine the applicability of the PSC system on endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration cytology samples reported at the cytopathology laboratory, Mubarak Al Kabeer Hospital, in Kuwait with special emphasis on situations with limited availability of ancillary tests.MethodsIn total, 132 cases of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration cytology samples from pancreatic lesions were categorised according to PSC system guidelines after examining the glass slides and reviewing the clinical, imaging and ancillary test findings. These review diagnoses were compared with the diagnoses rendered during initial reporting. Correlation with histopathology reports was done wherever available.ResultsIn 23 (17.42%) of 132 cases, re‐categorisation was necessary between initial and reviewed diagnoses. In 16 cases, re‐categorisations were because of non‐analogous categories between initial and reviewed diagnosis. In the remaining seven, they were due to identification of newer cytomorphological and imaging findings or because of issues arising from unavailability of sufficient material for ancillary investigations.ConclusionAll cases could be categorised using the PSC system with a moderate number of re‐categorisations between initial and reviewed diagnoses. In certain circumstances, limited availability of ancillary tests, resulted in non‐diagnostic categories whereas in other such circumstances, diagnostic categories could be assigned with certain conceptual modifications to the PSC guidelines.
Italian survey on managing immune checkpoint inhibitors in oncology during COVID‐19 outbreak
Authors: Tagliamento Marco , Spagnolo Francesco , Poggio Francesca , Soldato Davide , Conte Benedetta , Ruelle Tommaso , Barisione Emanuela , De Maria Andrea , Del Mastro Lucia , Di Maio Massimo , Lambertini Matteo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundDuring COVID‐19 outbreak, oncological care has been reorganized. Patients with cancer have been reported to experience a more severe COVID‐19 syndrome; moreover, there are concerns of a potential interference between immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis.Materials and methodsBetween 6 and 16 May 2020, a 22‐item survey was sent to Italian physicians involved in administering ICIs. It aimed at exploring the perception about SARS‐CoV‐2‐related risks in cancer patients receiving ICIs, and the attitudes towards their management.ResultsThe 104 respondents had a median age of 35.5 years, 58.7% were females and 71.2% worked in Northern Italy. 47.1% of respondents argued a synergism between ICIs and SARS‐CoV‐2 pathogenesis leading to worse outcomes, but 97.1% would not deny an ICI only for the risk of infection. During COVID‐19 outbreak, to reduce hospital visits, 55.8% and 30.8% opted for the highest labelled dose of each ICI and/or, among different ICIs for the same indication, for the one with the longer interval between cycles, respectively. 53.8% of respondents suggested testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 every cancer patient candidate to ICIs. 71.2% declared to manage patients with onset of dyspnoea and cough as infected by SARS‐CoV‐2 until otherwise proven; however, 96.2% did not reduce the use of steroids to manage immune‐related toxicities. The administration of ICIs in specific situations for different cancer types has not been drastically conditioned.ConclusionsThese results highlight the uncertainties around the perception of a potential interference between ICIs and COVID‐19, supporting the need of focused studies on this topic.
Bloodstream infections in critically ill patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Battaglini Denise , Ball Lorenzo , Brunetti Iole , Bruzzone Bianca , Codda Giulia , Crea Francesca , De Maria Andrea , Dentone Chiara , Di Biagio Antonio , Icardi Giancarlo , Magnasco Laura , Marchese Anna , Mikulska Malgorzata , Orsi Andrea , Patroniti Nicolò , Robba Chiara , Signori Alessio , Taramasso Lucia , Vena Antonio , Pelosi Paolo , Bassetti Matteo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the incidence and risk of intensive care unit (ICU)‐acquired bloodstream infections (BSI) in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).Materials and methodsThis retrospective, single‐centre study was conducted in Northern Italy. The primary study objectives were as follows: (a) to assess the incidence rate of ICU‐acquired BSI and (b) to assess the cumulative risk of developing ICU‐acquired BSI.ResultsOverall, 78 critically ill patients with COVID‐19 were included in the study. Forty‐five episodes of ICU‐acquired BSI were registered in 31 patients, with an incidence rate of 47 episodes (95% confidence interval [CI] 35‐63) per 1000 patient‐days at risk. The estimated cumulative risk of developing at least one BSI episode was of almost 25% after 15 days at risk and possibly surpassing 50% after 30 days at risk. In multivariable analysis, anti‐inflammatory treatment was independently associated with the development of BSI (cause‐specific hazard ratio [csHR] 1.07 with 95% CI 0.38‐3.04 for tocilizumab, csHR 3.95 with 95% CI 1.20‐13.03 for methylprednisolone and csHR 10.69 with 95% CI 2.71‐42.17 for methylprednisolone plus tocilizumab, with no anti‐inflammatory treatment as the reference group; overall P for the dummy variable = 0.003).ConclusionsThe incidence rate of BSI was high, and the cumulative risk of developing BSI increased with ICU stay. Further study will clarify if the increased risk of BSI we detected in COVID‐19 patients treated with anti‐inflammatory drugs is outweighed by the benefits of reducing any possible pro‐inflammatory dysregulation induced by SARS‐CoV‐2.
Bariatric surgery decreases oxidative stress and protein glycosylation in patients with morbid obesity
Authors: Carmona‐Maurici Júlia , Amigó Núria , Cuello Elena , Bermúdez Marcelino , Baena‐Fustegueras Juan Antonio , Peinado‐Onsurbe Julia , Pardina Eva 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing evidence that oxidative stress (OS) is a critical factor linking obesity with its associated comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases.AimTo evaluate the degree of OS in people with morbid obesity and its relationship with glycoproteins, determined using 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, before and after bariatric surgery (BS).MethodsIn this observational cohort study, plasma from 24 patients with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 (age: 21‐65 years) was used to measure metabolites implicated in OS. We measured glycoprotein (GlycA, GlycB and GlycF) areas and shape factors (H/W = height/width).ResultsOne year after BS, oxidized low‐density lipoprotein had decreased by 49% (P < .0001), malondialdehyde by 32% (P = .0019) and lipoprotein (a) by 21% (P = .0039). The antioxidant enzymes paraoxonase‐1 and catalase increased after BS (43%, P < .0001 and 54%, P = .0002, respectively). Superoxide dismutase‐2 had fallen 1 year after BS (32%, P = .0052). After BS, both the glycoprotein areas and shape factors decreased by 20%‐26%. These glycoproteins were significantly correlated with OS parameters. The plasma atherogenic index was 63% higher in obese individuals than 1 year after BS and correlated positively with glycoproteins.ConclusionFor the first time, we here demonstrate the relationship between OS parameters and glycoproteins in people with morbid obesity. So glycoproteins could therefore be a good indicator, together with the oxidative state to assess patient prognosis after BS.
High levels of immunoglobulin expression predict shorter overall survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Wu Lina , Xia Miaoran , Sun Xiaoping , Han Xin , Zu Youli , Jabbour Elias J. , You M. James , Lin Pei , Li Shaoying , Xu Jie , Han Haibo , Bueso‐Ramos Carlos E. , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Qiu Xiaoyan , Yin C. Cameron 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectivesIt has been believed that immunoglobulins can only be produced by B lymphocytes and plasma cells. We have previously reported that IgG can be expressed in myeloblasts from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and plays a role in the proliferation and apoptosis of leukemic cells. However, its clinical impact has not been assessed.MethodsWe assessed the expression of different classes of immunoglobulin in peripheral blood and bone marrow samples from 132 AML patients and correlated the levels of expression with clinicopathologic and molecular genetic features, as well as clinical outcome.ResultsWe found that, in addition to IgG, all classes of immunoglobulin are expressed in myeloblasts, including IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE, Igκ, and Igλ. The levels of IgG expression (coupled with Igκ or Igλ) are higher than those of IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, we identified two distinct groups of AML patients with differential expression of immunoglobulin and different clinical outcomes.ConclusionsHigh levels of immunoglobulin expression are associated with monocytic differentiation, multilineage dysplasia, TET2 and KRAS mutations, and poor overall survival. Assessment of immunoglobulin may serve as a useful marker for prognostic stratification and target therapy.
Effects of octenidine applied alone or mixed with sodium hypochlorite on eukaryotic cells
Authors: Coaguila‐Llerena H. , Rodrigues E.M. , Santos C.S. , Ramos S.G. , Medeiros M.C. , Chavez‐Andrade G.M. , Guerreiro‐Tanomaru J.M. , Tanomaru‐Filho M. , Faria G. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimTo assess the effects of octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) on eukaryotic cells and the cytotoxicity of OCT associated with sodium hypochlorite – NaOCl (NaOCl/OCT).MethodologyL929 fibroblasts and human osteoblast‐like cells (Saos‐2) were exposed to 0.1% OCT, 2% CHX, 2.5% NaOCl, 5.25% NaOCl and mixtures of 5.25% NaOCl and 0.1% OCT (NaOCl/OCT) at 90 : 10, 80 : 20 and 50 : 50 ratios. Cell viability was assessed by methyl‐thiazol‐tetrazolium (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays; type of cell death, by flow cytometry; cytoskeleton, by actin and α‐tubulin fluorescence; and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, by thymolphthalein release. The data were analysed by two‐way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05).ResultsMTT and NR assays revealed that 0.1% OCT had the lowest cytotoxicity (P < 0.05), followed by 2% CHX (P < 0.05). The 2.5% NaOCl, NaOCl/OCT 80 : 20 and NaOCl/OCT 50 : 50 solutions had intermediate cytotoxicity. NaOCl 5.25% and NaOCl/OCT 90 : 10 had the highest cytotoxicity (P < 0.05). The OCT group had a higher percentage of viable cells than the NaOCl and CHX groups (P < 0.05), and induced apoptosis at higher doses. The cytoskeleton alterations were observed at 0.12%, 0.6% and 2.02% for the NaOCl, CHX and OCT groups, respectively. The solutions did not induce ALP activity.ConclusionOctenidine dihydrochloride was less cytotoxic, induced apoptosis at higher doses, caused few changes in the cytoskeleton and did not induce alkaline phosphatase activity. In addition, octenidine dihydrochloride reduced the cytotoxicity of 5.25% NaOCl when combined at 20 and 50%.
T cell help to B cells: Cognate and atypical interactions in peripheral and intestinal lymphoid tissues
Authors: Biram Adi , Shulman Ziv 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEnduring immunity against harmful pathogens depends on the generation of immunological memory. Serum immunoglobulins are constantly secreted by long‐lived antibody‐producing cells, which provide extended protection from recurrent exposures. These cells originate mainly from germinal center structures, wherein B cells introduce mutations to their immunoglobulin genes followed by affinity‐based selection. Generation of high‐affinity antibodies relies on physical contacts between T and B cells, a process that facilitates the delivery of fate decision signals. T‐B cellular engagements are mediated through interactions between the T cell receptor and its cognate peptide presented on B cell major histocompatibility class II molecules. Here, we describe the cellular and molecular aspects of these cognate T‐B interactions, and highlight exceptional cases, especially those arising at intestinal lymphoid organs, at which T cells provide help to B cells in an atypical manner, independent of T cell specificity.
The value of nurse mentoring relationships: Lessons learnt from a work‐based resilience enhancement programme for nurses working in the forensic setting
Authors: Davey Zoe , Jackson Debra , Henshall Catherine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate a mentoring programme embedded in a work‐based personal resilience enhancement intervention for forensic nurses. This qualitative study formed part of a wider mixed‐methods study that aimed to implement and evaluate the intervention. Twenty‐four semistructured interviews were carried out with forensic nurse mentees and senior nurse mentors; these explored their experiences of the mentoring programme and any benefits and challenges involved in constructing and maintaining a mentor–mentee relationship. Qualitative data were analysed thematically using the Framework Method. Four key themes relating to the initiation and maintenance of mentor–mentee relationships were identified: finding time and space to arrange mentoring sessions; building rapport and developing the relationship; setting expectations of the mentoring relationship and the commitment required; and the impact of the mentoring relationship for both mentees and mentors. Study findings highlight the benefits of senior nurses mentoring junior staff and provide evidence to support the integration of mentoring programmes within wider work‐based resilience enhancement interventions. Effective mentoring can lead to the expansion of professional networks, career development opportunities, increased confidence and competence at problem‐solving, and higher levels of resilience, well‐being, and self‐confidence.
The process of recovery and change in a dialectical behaviour therapy programme for youth
Authors: Lakeman Richard , Emeleus Mary 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) is an effective treatment for borderline personality disorder and suicidal behaviour. However, it is a complex programme involving individual therapy, participation in skills training groups, and phone coaching aimed at improving emotional regulation, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, and mindfulness. Little is known about what elements contribute to its effectiveness, or the characteristics of those who complete the programme and achieve recovery. In this study, six participants in a dialectical behaviour therapy programme for youth were interviewed at three time points over their recovery journey. The transcribed narratives were analysed using inductive methods, and the core processes related to recovery were elucidated and described: ‘Becoming a cheerleader for DBT’ and ‘Learning the language of DBT and consolidation of skills’. Indicators of recovery included having a sound working alliance with the primary therapist and others involved in the programme and noticing meaningful improvements in problem areas which they attributed to particular skills and improved capacity to regulate emotions. The rich narrative description provided by participants might inspire some to remain engaged in a dialectical behavioural therapy programme or clinicians to consider promoting a positive view of the prognosis for borderline personality disorder.
Violence Prevention Climate in General Adult Inpatient Mental Health Units: Validation study of the VPC‐14
Authors: Dickens Geoffrey L. , Tabvuma Tracy , Hadfield Kylie , Hallett Nutmeg 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWard social climate is an important contributor to patient outcomes in inpatient mental health services. Best understood as the general ‘vibe’ or ‘atmosphere’ on the unit, social climate has been subject to a significant research aimed at its quantification. One aspect of social climate, the violence prevention climate, describes the extent to which the ward is perceived as safe and protective against the occurrence of aggression by both the patients and the staff. The violence prevention climate scale (VPC‐14), developed in a UK forensic setting, was used in this study in a test of its validity in an Australian general mental health setting. The VPC‐14 was administered across eleven wards of one metropolitan Local Health District in Sydney, NSW. N = 213 valid responses from nursing staff and patients were returned (response rates 23.4 and 24.3%, respectively). The VPC‐14 demonstrated good internal reliability, and convergent validity was evidenced through moderate correlations with the WAS's anger and aggression subscale and the GMI total score. Concurrent validity was demonstrated by expected staff–patient differences in VPC‐14 rating and by correlations between incidents of conflict and containment on wards and the VPC‐14 ratings of staff and patients from those wards. Rasch analysis suggested that future tool development should focus on identifying ways to discriminate between ratings at the high end of the scale. The VPC‐14 supplies valid and useful information about the violence prevention climate in general adult mental health wards.
Investigations into the thermal stability of sol‐gel‐derived glasses as models for thermally grown oxides
Authors: McFarland Bohuslava , Opila Elizabeth 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe thermal stability of sol‐gel‐derived silica and borosilicate glasses exposed to dry O2 at 800 and 1200°C for 100 hours was characterized by weight change, thermal transitions, morphology, structure, and composition to investigate suitability as models for thermally grown oxides. Rapid weight loss was observed in the first few hours of isothermal exposure for borosilicate glasses, followed by constant weight loss at a low rate for the balance of the exposure. Weight loss resulted from loss of residual hydroxyl species retained from the sol‐gel synthesis, and from oxidation of carbon retained from thermal decomposition of the organic precursors by pyrolysis. Characterization of the sol‐gel‐derived glasses showed structural similarities to silica and binary borosilicate glasses synthesized by melt or vapor deposition methods, and to thermally grown oxides. Oxygen transport mechanisms through the sol‐gel‐derived glasses is not thought to be affected by the retained carbon. However, a silica‐enriched glass surface resulting from boria volatility, observed from a borosilicate glass exposed dry O2 at 1200°C, will slow O2 transport rates. The results show that sol‐gel‐derived silica and borosilicate glasses can be used as models for thermally grown oxides.
When stigma is the norm: How weight and social norms influence the healthcare we receive
Authors: Rathbone Joanne A. , Cruwys Tegan , Jetten Jolanda , Barlow Fiona Kate 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis research seeks to broaden our understanding of weight stigma and discrimination in healthcare by exploring the influence of social norms on the treatment of higher‐weight individuals. We conducted two experimental studies to investigate: (a) how health professionals' treatment decisions are influenced by patient weight; (b) the effect of norms that endorse weight stigma on health professionals' treatment decisions for patients of different weights; and (c) how these norms may operate differently within healthcare, compared with the general public. Practising health professionals (Study 1; N = 243) and laypeople (Study 2; N = 242) were randomly assigned to view the medical profile of either an average‐weight or higher‐weight patient who was seeking health care for migraines. Study 1 revealed that health professionals tended to treat the higher‐weight patient for both their presenting condition and their weight. Health professionals who perceived weight stigma to be more normative among their colleagues displayed a hyper‐vigilance toward weight, treating weight significantly more among both higher‐weight and average‐weight patients than those who perceived weight stigma to be less normative. Study 2 found that, unlike health professionals, laypeople treated the higher‐weight patient for their weight at the expense of the presenting condition; and such differential treatment was inflated among those who perceived weight stigma to be the norm. The present research found clear evidence of bias in health professionals' treatment decision making—particularly for patients with larger bodies. However, unlike laypeople, this bias did not come at the expense of treating the presenting problem.
Mine, ours, and yours: Whose engagement and prior knowledge affects individual achievement from online collaborative learning?
Authors: Slof Bert , van Leeuwen Anouschka , Janssen Jeroen , Kirschner Paul A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn computer‐supported collaborative learning research, studies examining the combined effects of individual level, group level and within‐group differences level measures on individual achievement are scarce. The current study addressed this by examining whether individual, group and within‐group differences regarding engagement and prior knowledge predict individual achievement. Engagement was operationalised as group members' exhibited activities in the task space (i.e., discussing domain‐content) and social space (i.e., regulating ideas, actions and socioemotional processes). Prior knowledge and achievement were operationalised as group members' performance on a domain‐related pre‐test and post‐test, respectively. Data was collected for 95 triads of secondary education students collaborating on a complex business‐economics problem. Subsequently, three different multilevel models were tested to examine the combined effect. First a model with the individual level measures (model 1) was tested and in subsequent models the group level measures (model 2) and within‐group levels measures (model 3) were added. Findings indicate model 2 showed the best fit; group members' individual engagement in the social space activities as well as the groups' average prior knowledge positively predicts individual achievement. No effects were found for either group members' or groups' engagement in the task space and for the within‐group differences.