bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digitalization of the Energy Sector as A Current Trend for Improving the Efficiency of Technological Work in Industries
Authors: Uteyev Bakytnur , Abishova Saltanat 
Published: October 2020

Goals of the research are to present the analysis of the key areas of digital energy and smart electric networks for the current and up to 10 years, a review of modern hardware and software solutions for the implementation of integrated information systems. To process the primary information, general scientific methods including an abstract-logical research method were used. This includes examples of best practices worldwide from analytical reviews and databases.
The digital electric power system forms a single distributed space of information technologies, combining information from primary sensors of energy system objects and its users to common technological, economic, forecasting and behavioral models. Integration of management solutions through digital platforms provides fast, flexible, reliable, safe and cost-effective adaptation of all types of relationships between objects and subjects of the energy system. This optimally satisfies the ever-changing energy needs of resources.
The direction of energy systems in the world contributes to their "digital transition", a fundamental change in the internal institutional architecture and strategic management. In Kazakhstan, the inefficiency of the electric power industry is becoming a limiting factor for the modernization of the economy in the context of globalization. The terms "digital energy" and "digitalization" appeared in the context of the formation of a digital economy. Digital energy is the assembly and development of a combination of industrial and economic relations in the industry based on digital approaches and tools. From many definitions of the digital economy, it follows that its special subject is economic activity, commercial operations and professional interactions, built on new principles using information and communication technologies.
Competitiveness of Kazakhstani National Economy: Problems and Prospects for Overcoming
Authors: Sailaubek Sabina 
Published: October 2020

The study of customer loyalty is an important part of the activity of any enterprise, which allows achieving significant economic indicators. In modern economic conditions of development of the sphere of tourism and hospitality, consumer behavior is increasingly being evaluated as an indicator of competitiveness of the hotel. For effective development of mini hotels, the number of which is gradually growing, it is important to study the needs and wishes of potential customers. The formation of customer loyalty of hotel services is a difficult task, hotel managers have to analyze not only the needs of consumers, but also the behavior in the market of other hotel enterprises, as well as use the mechanisms of «individualization» of service. The object of the research in the article is consumer behavior in general, and loyalty of guests in particular. The subject of the study is the influence of guest loyalty on the development of mini-hotels. The theoretical side of the article is to study the preferences of hotel customers and identify groups of factors that influence the formation of customer loyalty of hotel services, as well as the needs of customers when visiting certain hotel enterprises. The article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of the formation of motivation of potential and real customers of mini-hotels, focuses on the role of marketing management of mini hotels. Based on the conducted survey, groups of consumer preferences of mini-hotel clients were identified. The finding results from the article helped to identify the main motivation of potential customers to make the choice in favor of particular hotel. Customer preferences when choosing a mini-hotel include such variables as: favorable living conditions, comfortable psychological climate, level of service. The empirical main conditions of the article are to generalize the main factors of sustainable development of mini-hotels as one of the forms of development of the hotel industry and increase the tourist attractiveness of the region.
LC-ESI/MS and GC-MS Methanol Extract Analysis, Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activity Studies of Centella asiatica
Authors: Ondeko Daniel A. , Juma Bernard F. , Baraza Lilechi D. , Nyongesa Peter K. 
Published: October 2020

Aims: To determine chemical constituents of the Leaf extracts of Centella asiatica using the LC-MS and GC-MS and their antimicrobial activities.
Study Design: Structural determination of compounds from the leaf extracts was done using GC-MS and LC-MS analysis. The antimicrobial properties of the extracts were done using disc diffusion method.
Place and Duration of Study: Pure and Applied Chemistry Department, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya: Between 2016-2019.
Methodology: Plant materials of C. asiatica were sequentially extracted separately based on the polarity viz., hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Determination of chemical constituents was done using LC-MS and GC-MS analysis and phytochemical screening. The extracts were assayed against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Standard antimicrobials viz. ampicillin and Nystatin were used as the control. Disc diffusion method was used and zones of inhibition, after respective incubation periods, were used to quantify antibacterial and antifungal activity.
Results: Phytochemical screening of the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts showed that terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, amino acids and proteins, reducing sugars and carbohydrates were present. LC-MS and GC-MS analyses of the methanolic extracts identified 22 and 33 compounds, respectively, by use of the national institute of standards and technology (NIST) library. The extracts showed appreciable activity against common microbes tested.
Conclusion: This study forms the basis for the biological characterization and significance of the compounds identified in the leaf and stem extracts of C. asiatica. These compounds are known to possess antibacterial and antifungal activities that could be established as potential candidates for future drug development. However, these extracts, need to be subjected to further chromatographic procedures to isolate the identified compounds and their bioactivities determined.
Structural Barriers to Health-provider Training Programmes for Ethnic Minorities: The Case of the Katu and Diabetes Management in Vietnam
Authors: Bec Caroline , Wells Geoff J. , Solomon Joshua J. 
Published: October 2020

Background: Training of primary care practitioners is one of the most implemented interventions in medical international development programmes targeting non-communicable diseases (NCD). Yet in many cases their effectiveness is below expectations. One potential cause of this is that they struggle to account for local context, especially when working with ethnic minorities. Here we begin to address this gap through a qualitative case-study of how local contextual factors have impacted the success of a World Health Organization (WHO) healthcare training programme on Type 2 diabetes with an ethnic minority group in rural central Vietnam.
Design: A qualitative case-study collected data during 2018. We conducted 25 semi-structured interviews, two focus groups, and participant observation with patients, healthcare professionals, and members of a local non-governmental organisation involved in the programme. We used thematic coding to identify important contextual factors and how they helped or hindered programme delivery. Next, we synthesised each of these themes in a narrative style, drawing on the rich detail provided by respondents.
Results: We found that, despite using a notionally decentralised approach, the effectiveness of the training was hindered by social, political, and economic determinants of health which influenced the inhabitants’ relations to healthcare and diabetes. Particular barriers were the political perceptions of minorities, their economic access to services, the healthcare prejudices toward ethnic rural populations and the rigidity of medical training.
Conclusions: Given the similarity of our case with other WHO NCD programmes, we view that our findings are of wider relevance to global public health policy and practice. We suggest that better recognising and addressing local contextual factors would make such programmes more polyvocal, grounded, and resilient, as well as enabling them to better support long-term transformative change in public health systems. We conclude by discussing methods for implementing this in practice.
Knowledge Level of Onion Growers on Improved Onion Production Technologies in Gadag District of Karnataka
Authors: Baraker Shashidhar K. , Lalitha K. C. , Manjunath K. V. , Reddy Dadimi Anilkumar 
Published: October 2020

Aim: To assess the Knowledge level of Onion growers on Improved Onion production technologies and to find out the Relationship between personal, socio economical and psychological characteristics of onion growers with their knowledge level.
Study Design: “Ex-post facto” research design.
Place and Duration of the Study: The present study was conducted during 2017–18 in Gadag district of Karnataka.
Methodology: Two villages from each of the four Taluks of Gadag district were randomly selected and from eight villages, 15 respondents were selected from each village by adopting random sampling method to form a sample of 120 farmers. Data was collected from the respondents by personal interview method using a pre-tested structured interview schedule.
Results: Majority of the farmers have medium level (42.50%) of knowledge followed by high level (31.66) of knowledge. Further study revealed that farmers had cent percent knowledge on seed rate, time of sowing, irrigation and weeding, whereas low level of knowledge on transplanting (10%), fertilizer dose (10%) and plant protection (15%). Independent variables like, Education, Mass media exposure, Extension contact, Management Orientation were have significant relationship with knowledge level of onion growers at 1 per cent level of significance, While Age, Farming experience, Innovativeness, Extension participation, Social participation and Risk Orientation at 5 per cent level of significance and variables such as Family size, Land holding , Area under Onion cultivation, Annual income exhibit non-significant relationship with knowledge level of onion growers.
Conclusion: Significant portion of respondents were having medium level of knowledge with most of the independent variables contributing significantly towards their knowledge level on improved onion production technologies.
Ethnopharmacological Survey of Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of HIV and AIDS-Related Conditions in Makete District, Southern Highlands of Tanzania
Authors: Marealle Alphonce Ignace , Innocent Ester , Marobela Kerstin Andrae- , Qwarse Michael , Moshi Mainen 
Published: October 2020

Aims: Plants used in traditional medicine have contributed to the development of modern medicines, but in order to boost the discovery of novel drugs to fight diseases such as HIV/AIDS and emerging new diseases, systematic evaluation of many more plants needs to continue. The aim of the present study was to document medicinal plants used in the management of HIV and AIDS-related conditions in Makete District, Tanzania.
Study Design: This was qualitative ethnopharmacological survey.
Place and Duration of Study: Makete District in Njombe Region, Tanzania between March and April 2019.
Methodology: This ethnopharmacological survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire. The study focused only on traditional health practitioners (THP) registered by government health authorities in Makete District. The HIV and AIDS-related conditions considered in this study were tuberculosis, Herpes zoster, candidiasis, sexually transmitted infections, cough, skin rashes, frequent fevers, chronic diarrhea, chronic wounds, warts, oral thrush and weight loss. Literature survey was carried out to evaluate strength of the THP claims based on similar ethnopharmacological claims and proven pharmacological activities of the plants.
Results: Among the ten THP interviewed seven were male and three were female. The average age and years of practice were 57.5 and 26.5 years, respectively. Thirty-seven plant species representing 36 genera and 27 families were reported to be used for the treatment of different HIV and AIDS-related conditions. Twelve (32.4 %) and 15 (40.5 %) species did not have previously reported ethnopharmacological and pharmacological activities, respectively. Among the 37 plant species identified 13 species (35%) have been previously reported for similar ethnopharmacological uses and 12 (32%) species had literature reports on respective biological activities. Nine species have reported antiviral activity and seven of them displayed specific activities against HIV-1.
Conclusion: A significant number of medicinal plants identified in this study are reported here for the first time in relation to their use for HIV and AIDS-related conditions. The study also provides information that correlates well with previously published ethnopharmacological information or laboratory results of tests against HIV-1 or related conditions, thus justifying the need for screening and detailed studies intended to isolate and characterize compounds active against HIV and related conditions.
Evaluation of the Stem Bark Extract Picralima nitida for Antinociceptive Property
Authors: Igwe K. K. , Ikpeazu O. V. , Ezeja M. I. 
Published: October 2020

Aims: To investigate the antinociceptive property of Picralima nitida stem bark methanol extract. Place and duration of study: Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria from February to July, 2020.
Methodology: The extraction was done by cold maceration of the pulverised P. nitida stem bark in 80% methanol for 48 hours. Acute toxicity study was done using up and down method. The antinociceptive study was carried out using tail flick and hot plate antinociceptive models. The extract was used at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg while pentazocine 3 mg/kg was used as the standard reference drug (positive group) and 5 ml/kg distilled water was used for the negative group.
Results: In the tail flick test, P. nitida at the doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg with the standard drug pentazocine significantly (P = 0.05) increased the pain reaction time (PRT), increasing the PRT from 1.80 ± 0.08 sec in the negative group (distilled water 5 ml/kg) to 2.90 ± 0.18 sec at the dose of 200 mg/kg group of mice representing 62.06% increase. Also, in the hot plate model, the PRT was increased from 2.03 ± 0.02 sec in distilled water treated group of mice to 9.58 ± 0.99 sec in the 400 mg/kg dose of the extract.
Conclusion: The stem bark methanol extract of P. nitida demonstrated a good level of antinociceptive activity in the models used in this study.
CNOT4 enhances the efficacy of anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy in a model of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Biao , Han Song , Ma Haitao , Chen Shaomu 
Published: October 2020

The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors that target programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1) has been proposed for the treatment of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, in clinical trials, cumulative response rates to anti‐PD‐1 treatment were approximately 20% in patients with NSCLC. CCR4‐NOT transcription complex, subunit 4 (CNOT4) is a RING finger protein with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. We previously reported that CNOT4 may act as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC. Here, we examined whether CNOT4 can enhance the efficacy of anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy in a model of NSCLC. The association of CNOT4 and overall survival was analyzed using datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Tumor models were established by subcutaneously implanting tumor cells line (A549 cell) into mice. CNOT4 was observed to be positively associated with relapse‐free survival and overall survival in patients with NSCLC. CNOT4 overexpression suppressed tumor growth in vivo and enhanced the effect of anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy, which was accompanied by increased CD3+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration and higher interferon‐γ and tumor necrosis factor‐α levels. In conclusion, CNOT4 may enhance the efficacy of anti‐PD‐1 immunotherapy and may have potential as a prognostic marker for NSCLC, or as a combinational target with anti‐PD‐1 treatment for patients with NSCLC.
Small instream infrastructure: Comparative methods and evidence of environmental and ecological responses
Authors: Januchowski‐Hartley Stephanie R. , Mantel Sukhmani , Celi Jorge , Hermoso Virgilio , White James C. , Blankenship Scott , Olden Julian D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract1. Around the globe, instream infrastructures such as dams, weirs, and culverts associated with roads are wide‐spread and continue to be constructed. There is limited documentation of smaller infrastructure because of mixed regulation and laws related to instream construction, as well as difficulty in documentation because of their size and frequency in waterscapes.2. We reviewed evidence of different methods used to quantify environmental and ecological responses (positive, negative, or neutral) to dams, weirs, and culverts.3. Most studies (78% of 87) in our review evaluated dams or weirs, and more than half evaluated environmental or ecological responses at more than one of these structures. More than half of the studies used spatial (disturbed–undisturbed in the same or a different catchment) rather than temporal (before–after construction or before–after destruction) comparative methods. Evaluations also tended to focus on ecological variables, most specifically on fish community responses (just over a quarter) to infrastructure.4. More than half (58%) of the evaluations at dams, weirs, or culverts reported negative environmental or ecological responses. Discrepancies in responses recorded for different infrastructure types could be partially explained by the focus on ecological responses in reviewed studies and related metrics used for evaluations (e.g. biotic groups, richness, and abundance), the imbalance of studies at different infrastructure types, and discrepancies in spatial and temporal scales of evaluations compared to those at which the variables respond to infrastructure.5. Despite the abundance of road culverts greatly exceeding the number of small or large dams worldwide, they were evaluated in only 22% of studies that we reviewed. Our findings underscore the need for studies to not only better understand local but also cumulative impacts of these smaller infrastructure, as these could be greater than those caused by large infrastructure depending on their location, density, and type, among other factors. Such studies are needed to inform infrastructure planning and watershed management.
Highly CO2 Selective Metal–Organic Framework Membranes with Favorable Coulombic Effect
Authors: Chiou Da‐Shiuan , Yu Hyun Jung , Hung Ting‐Hsiang , Lyu Qiang , Chang Chung‐Kai , Lee Jong Suk , Lin Li‐Chiang , Kang Dun‐Yen 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe topology and chemical functionality of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) make them promising candidates for membrane gas separation; however, few meet the criteria for industrial applications, that is, selectivity of >30 for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2. This paper reports on a dense CAU‐10‐H MOF membrane that is exceptionally CO2‐selective (ideal selectivity of 42 for CO2/N2 and 95 for CO2/CH4). The proposed membrane also achieves the highest CO2 permeability (approximately 500 Barrer) among existing pure MOF membranes with CO2/CH4 selectivity exceeding 30. State‐of‐the‐art atomistic simulations provide valuable insights into the outstanding separation performance of CAU‐10‐H at the molecular level. Adsorbent–adsorbate Coulombic interactions are identified as a crucial factor in the design of CO2‐selective MOF membranes.
Structure and Properties of Prussian Blue Analogues in Energy Storage and Conversion Applications
Authors: Yi Haocong , Qin Runzhi , Ding Shouxiang , Wang Yuetao , Li Shunning , Zhao Qinghe , Pan Feng 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn recent years, Prussian blue analogue (PBA) materials have been widely explored and investigated in energy storage/conversion fields. Herein, the structure/property correlations of PBA materials as host frameworks for various charge‐carrier ions (e.g., Na+, K+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Al3+) is reviewed, and the optimization strategies to achieve advanced performance of PBA electrodes are highlighted. Prospects for further applications of PBA materials in proton, ammonium‐ion, and multivalent‐ion batteries are summarized, with extra attention given to the selection of anode materials and electrolytes for practical implementation. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of PBA materials, and will serve as a guidance for future research and development of PBA electrodes.
Light Engineering in Nanometer Space
Authors: Kim Yushin , Park Byoung Jun , Kim Moohyuk , Jin Young‐Ho , Park Nu‐Ri , Kim Myung‐Ki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSignificant advances have been made in photonic integrated circuit technology, similar to the development of electronic integrated circuits. However, the miniaturization of cavity resonators, which are the essential components of photonic circuits, still requires considerable improvement. Over the past decades, various optical cavities have been utilized to implement next‐generation light sources in photonic circuits with low energy, high data traffic, and integrable physical sizes. Nevertheless, it has been difficult to reduce the size of most commercialized cavities beyond the diffraction limit while maintaining high performance. Herein, recent advancements in subwavelength metallic cavities that can improve performance, even with the use of lossy plasmonic modes, are reviewed. The discussion is divided in three parts according to light engineering methods: subwavelength metal‐clad cavities engineered using intermediate dielectric cladding; implementation of plasmonic cavities and waveguides using plasmonic crystals; and development of deep‐subwavelength plasmonic waveguides and cavities using geometric engineering. A direction for further developments in photonic integrated circuit technology is also discussed, along with its practical application.