bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple peak solutions for polyharmonic equation with critical growth
Authors: Guo Yuxia , Liu Ting 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the following elliptic problem:

where is the polyharmonic operator, is the critical Sobolev embedding exponent. B1 is the unit ball in , s1 and are parameters, is the eigenfunction of corresponding to the first eigenvalue λ1 with , . By using the Lyapunov–Schimit reduction method combining with the minimax argument, we construct the solutions to (P) with many peaks near the boundary but not on the boundary of the domain. Moreover, we prove that the number of solutions for the problem (P) is unbounded as the parameter tends to infinity, therefore proving the Lazer–McKenna conjecture for the higher order case with critical growth.
Structural and functional development in airways throughout childhood: Children are not small adults
Authors: Di Cicco Maria , Kantar Ahmad , Masini Beatrice , Nuzzi Giulia , Ragazzo Vincenzo , Peroni Diego 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChildren are not small adults and this fact is particularly true when we consider the respiratory tract. The anatomic peculiarities of the upper airway make infants preferential nasal breathers between 2 and 6 months of life. The pediatric larynx has a more complex shape than previously believed, with the narrowest point located anatomically at the subglottic level and functionally at the cricoid cartilage. Alveolarization of the distal airways starts conventionally at 36–37 weeks of gestation, but occurs mainly after birth, continuing until adolescence. The pediatric chest wall has unique features that are particularly pronounced in infants. Neonates, infants, and toddlers have a higher metabolic rate, and consequently, their oxygen consumption at rest is more than double that of adults. The main anatomical and functional differences between pediatric and adult airways contribute to the understanding of various respiratory symptoms and disease conditions in childhood. Knowing the peculiarities of pediatric airways is helpful in the prevention, management, and treatment of acute and chronic diseases of the respiratory tract. Developmental modifications in the structure of the respiratory tract, in addition to immunological and neurological maturation, should be taken into consideration during childhood.
Efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: Evidence from randomized controlled trials
Authors: Dong Qinghua , Li Chunlai , Xiao Fei , Xie Yubo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAt present, the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in patients receiving mechanical ventilation (MV) is still controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to assess the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in MV patients by reviewing the results of randomized controlled trials (RCT). RCTs evaluating the efficacy of dexmedetomidine in the treatment of MV patients were obtained by searching relevant online databases, including PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Medline, OVID, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Literature meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and evaluated by two researchers independently. Risk ratio (RR)/standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to express the differences between groups. Seven RCTs were included in our study, with 986 participants in the dexmedetomidine group and 862 participants in the control group. Summary analysis results displayed no reduction in 30‐day mortality (RR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.59 to 1.02), delirium (RR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.57 to 1.03), and adverse events (RR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.22 to 5.08) in the dexmedetomidine group compared with the control group. As the length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) were presented as median and interquartile range (IQR)/standard deviation (SD), descriptive analysis of the results were performed. Generally, for 99.65% (953/986) of patients, dexmedetomidine was not better than the control group in reducing ICU length of stay. Our results demonstrate that for patients requiring MV, dexmedetomidine was not superior to the control group. However, analysis of more RCTs is required to confirm this conclusion.
Covid-19 Dermatoses: Acral Vesicular Pattern Evolving into Bullous Pemphigoid
Authors: Goon P. K. C. , Bello O. , Adamczyk L. A. , Chan J. Y. H. , Sudhoff H. , Banfield C. C. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) appears to be rising in incidence across the Western World, especially in the elderly. Some of the pathogenetic mechanisms involving antigen mimicry and antibody cross-reactivity have been elucidated for cases associated with neurological disease and certain drugs. There have been reports of cutaneous manifestations of Covid-19 (SARS-Cov2 infection) as the pandemic has raged across the world. We report here a case of prolonged Covid-19, symptomatic with dermatoses only, which was seen to evolve initially from a maculo-papular exanthema with acral vesicular dermatitis, into classical BP disease. This was confirmed histologically by positive skin autoantibody serology, direct IMF on peri-lesional skin and also salt-split IMF. Although possible that the development of BP could be a purely co-incidental finding during Covid-19, we suggest that it is more likely that prolonged SARS-Cov2 infection triggered an autoimmune response to the basement membrane antigens, BP 180 and 230. To our knowledge, this is the first case of BP developing during concurrent Covid-19 disease. It will be necessary to continue dermatological surveillance as the pandemic continues, to collate data on BP incidence and to test these patients for Covid-19 disease. As the pandemic continues, even potential and rare associations such as this will be clarified eventually.
What's already known about this topic? •Covid-19 disease has been associated with a spectrum of dermatoses•Common presentations in up to 20% of patients include exanthema, pseudo-chilblain like acral lesions ‘Covid toes’, livedo-/retiform purpuric/necrotic vascular lesions, acute urticarial lesions, and vesicular/varicella-like lesions•A multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children akin to Kawasaki syndrome has been described
What does this study add? •To our knowledge, this is the first description of classic Bullous Pemphigoid evolving from vesicular lesions caused by prolonged SARS-Cov2 induced skin inflammation
Mainstreaming Climate Adaptation in Mozambican Urban Water, Sanitation, and Drainage Sector
Authors: Muradás Pedro , Puig María , Ruiz Óscar , Solé Josep María 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Capacity Development Programme (CDP) is an agreement between the Government of Mozambique and the Nordic Development Fund, to tackle climate variability by planning and the sustainable operations and maintenance of sanitation and drainage infrastructure. The Mozambican Administration of Water and Sanitation Infrastructure (AIAS) is the agency responsible for this project. The international consortium in charge of developing the CDP provided consultancy services to AIAS and the vulnerable cities of Beira and Matola. The assignment included not only capacity building but also institutional strengthening activities, as well as specific studies, mainly based on climate modelling (dynamic downscaling) and mapping exercises. Important results and conclusions were achieved, and further adaptation strategies to increase the resilience of the Mozambican urban water, sanitation, and drainage sector were proposed.
The ACCC: Guardian of Viable Markets and Consumer Rights
Authors: Smullen Amanda , Clutton Catherine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSince its inception in 1995, the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) has become a trusted institution in the Australian regulatory landscape. The ACCC has conserved its enforcement mission by adapting to challenges in the political and business environments; through expanding and re-directing its repertoire for regulatory action and broadening its consumer and small business constituencies. This chapter describes the origins of the ACCC and the ways in which its leaders have capitalized on and adapted its organizational capacities to address today’s threats to the organization’s existence and institutional status.
The Amsterdam Concertgebouw Orchestra: Guardian of Symphonic Music
Authors: Koopman Bert 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe Amsterdam Concertgebouw Orchestra, founded in 1888, has consistently been rated among the world’s best symphonic orchestras. This chapter describes how the orchestra evolved into a public institution with an adventurous repertoire and international allure. Over the years, the orchestra had to deal with an ageing public and changing audience demands. It describes how growing pressure on subsidizing authorities have made the orchestra increasingly dependent on sponsors and donors. It discusses the artistic leadership of conductors and the commercial strategizing of business managers—the key actors in shaping the institution. It analyses how the institution eventually found a productive way to channel the perennial conflicts into its governance. The chapter shows how a balance was found between financial pressures and artistic demands, preserving this cultural institution in the face of strong headwinds.
The IDD and Its Impact on the Life Insurance Industry
Authors: Noussia Kyriaki 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe life insurance sector not only pertains to a variety of distributors, such as for example, ‘bancassurance’ entities combining investments services, investment and insurance products, but also to the large portion of unit-linked/investment based life insurance products. Major legal changes introduced by Directive (EU) 2016/97 (“IDD”) will therefore need to be carefully considered and anticipated by the life insurance industry, including specific professional and organizational requirements, specific information standards for insurance-based investment products, which will include the provision of appropriate information and requirements for advice to be suitable, restrictions on remuneration, and special requirements relating to the advice to be provided to the customer by any distributor related to costs and charges or to the distribution of the product—including the cost of advice. The international character of the Life Insurance has an important impact on the work to the implementation of IDD which aims at a so-called minimum harmonization. No doubt that the implementation may appear wide and burdensome, but it is a unique opportunity for all entities involved to achieve a good balance of liabilities between the professionals involved, review risk management options and look for sustainable business alternatives. This chapter examines the impact of IDD on life insurance and addresses the harmonization impact and effect of the IDD in the insurance industry.
Screening auf psychische Komorbiditäten in der Dermatologie
Authors: Köster Felix-Wilhelm , Kohlmann Sebastian , Loeper Siobhan , Löwe Bernd , Schneider Stefan W. 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ängstlichkeit und Depressivität sind bei Patienten im Bereich der stationären somatischen Versorgung weit verbreitet. Gerade in der Dermatologie, wo oft eine Behandlung von chronischen Erkrankungen erfolgt und die Gefahr der Stigmatisierung durch die Gesellschaft besonders groß ist, treten psychische Störungen bei fast jedem dritten Patienten auf. Dermatologische Erkrankungen und psychische Störungen stehen oft in negativer Wechselwirkung und führen zu gesteigerter Morbidität. Obwohl dermatologische Leitlinien eine Früherkennung empfehlen, wird dies in der Praxis oft unzureichend umgesetzt.

Methodik
Wir demonstrieren die Etablierung eines einfachen Screenings im Bereich der stationären dermatologischen Versorgung auf psychische Komorbiditäten anhand eines kurzen Fragebogens, dem sog. Patient Health Questionnaire‑4 (PHQ-4), der 4 Fragen zur Ängstlichkeit und Depressivität stellt. Wird hierbei ein bestimmter Punktwert erreicht, erfolgt die automatische Anforderung eines psychosomatischen Konsils. Dadurch können eine Entlastung des Patienten sowie die notwendige ganzheitliche Behandlung erfolgen.

Ergebnisse
Im Jahr 2019 wurden in unserer Klinik 83 % aller stationären Patienten mittels PHQ‑4 gescreent und 98 psychosomatische Konsile generiert.

Diskussion
Unsere bisherigen Erfahrungen zeigen den Nutzen des Screenings bei geringem zeitlichem Mehraufwand, sodass wir eine flächendeckende Einführung in der stationären dermatologischen Versorgung empfehlen.
Decline of depressive symptoms in Europe: differential trends across the lifespan
Authors: Beller Johannes , Regidor Enrique , Lostao Lourdes , Miething Alexander , Kröger Christoph , Safieddine Batoul , Tetzlaff Fabian , Sperlich Stefanie , Geyer Siegfried 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Purpose
We examined changes in the burden of depressive symptoms between 2006 and 2014 in 18 European countries across different age groups.

Methods
We used population-based data drawn from the European Social Survey (N = 64.683, 54% female, age 14–90 years) covering 18 countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Ireland, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland) from 2006 to 2014. Depressive symptoms were measured via the CES-D 8. Generalized additive models, multilevel regression, and linear regression analyses were conducted.

Results
We found a general decline in CES-D 8 scale scores in 2014 as compared with 2006, with only few exceptions in some countries. This decline was most strongly pronounced in older adults, less strongly in middle-aged adults, and least in young adults. Including education, health and income partially explained the decline in older but not younger or middle-aged adults.

Conclusions
Burden of depressive symptoms decreased in most European countries between 2006 and 2014. However, the decline in depressive symptoms differed across age groups and was most strongly pronounced in older adults and least in younger adults. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms that contribute to these overall and differential changes over time in depressive symptoms.
Evaluation of dopamine D3 receptor occupancy by blonanserin using [11C]-(+)-PHNO in schizophrenia patients
Authors: Sakayori Takeshi , Tateno Amane , Arakawa Ryosuke , Kim Woo-chan , Okubo Yoshiro 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Rationale
Unlike other antipsychotics, our previous positron emission tomography (PET) study demonstrated that a single dose of blonanserin occupied dopamine D3 as well as dopamine D2 receptors in healthy subjects. However, there has been no study concerning the continued use of blonanserin.

Objectives
We examined D2 and D3 receptor occupancies in patients with schizophrenia who had been treated with blonanserin.

Methods
Thirteen patients with schizophrenia participated. PET examinations were performed on patients treated with clinical dosage of blonanserin or olanzapine alone. A crossover design was used in which seven patients switched drugs after the first scan, and PET examinations were conducted again. D2 and D3 receptor occupancies were evaluated by [11C]-(+)-PHNO. We used nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) of 6 healthy subjects which we previously reported as baseline. To consider the effect of upregulation of D3 receptor by continued use of antipsychotics, D3 receptor occupancy by blonanserin in seven subjects who completed 2 PET scans were re-analyzed by using BPND of olanzapine condition as baseline.

Results
Average occupancy by olanzapine (10.8 ± 6.0 mg/day) was as follows: caudate 32.8 ± 18.3%, putamen 26.3 ± 18.2%, globus pallidus − 33.7 ± 34.9%, substantia nigra − 112.8 ± 90.7%. Average occupancy by blonanserin (12.8 ± 5.6 mg/day) was as follows: caudate 61.0 ± 8.3%, putamen 55.5 ± 9.5%, globus pallidus 48.9 ± 12.4%, substantia nigra 34.0 ± 20.6%. EC50 was 0.30 ng/mL for D2 receptor for caudate and putamen (df = 19, p < 0.0001) and 0.70 ng/mL for D3 receptor for globus pallidus and substantia nigra (df = 19, p < 0.0001). EC50 for D3 receptor of blonanserin changed to 0.22 ng/mL (df = 13, p = 0.0041) when we used BPND of olanzapine condition as baseline.

Conclusions
Our study confirmed that blonanserin occupied both D2 and D3 receptors in patients with schizophrenia.
Survival among women diagnosed with screen-detected or interval breast cancer classified as true, minimal signs, or missed through an informed radiological review
Authors: Tsuruda Kaitlyn M. , Hovda Tone , Bhargava Sameer , Veierød Marit B. , Hofvind Solveig 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectives“True” breast cancers, defined as not being visible on prior screening mammograms, are expected to be more aggressive than “missed” cancers, which are visible in retrospect. However, the evidence to support this hypothesis is limited. We compared the risk of death from any cause for women with true, minimal signs, and missed invasive screen-detected (SDC) and interval breast cancers (IC).MethodsThis nation-wide study included 1022 SDC and 788 IC diagnosed through BreastScreen Norway during 2005–2016. Cancers were classified as true, minimal signs, or missed by five breast radiologists in a consensus-based informed review of prior screening and diagnostic images. We used multivariable Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of death from any cause associated with true, minimal signs, and missed breast cancers, adjusting for age at diagnosis, histopathologic tumour diameter and grade, and subtype. Separate models were created for SDC and IC.ResultsAmong SDC, 463 (44%) were classified as true and 242 (23%) as missed; among IC, 325 (39%) were classified as true and 235 (32%) missed. Missed SDC were associated with a similar risk of death as true SDC (HR = 1.20, 95% CI (0.49, 2.46)). Similar results were observed for missed versus true IC (HR = 1.31, 95% CI (0.77, 2.23)).ConclusionsWe did not observe a statistical difference in the risk of death for women diagnosed with true or missed SDC or IC; however, the number of cases reviewed and follow-up time limited the precision of our estimates.Key Points• An informed radiological review classified screen-detected and interval cancers as true, minimal signs, or missed based on prior screening and diagnostic mammograms.• It has been hypothesised that true cancers, not visible on the prior screening examination, may be more aggressive than missed cancers.• We did not observe a statistical difference in the risk of death from any cause for women with missed versus true screen-detected or interval breast cancers.
Comparison of tension wood and normal wood for oxidative nanofibrillation and network characteristics
Authors: Jonasson Simon , Bünder Anne , Das Oisik , Niittylä Totte , Oksman Kristiina 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are top-down nanomaterials obtainable from abundant lignocelluloses. Despite recent advances in processing technologies, the effects of variations in the lignocellulose structure and composition on CNF isolation and properties are poorly understood. In this study, we compared the isolation of CNFs from tension wood (TW) and normal wood (NW) from Populus tremula (aspen). The TW has a higher cellulose content, native cellulose fibrils with a larger crystalline diameter, and less lignin than the NW, making it an interesting material for CNF isolation. The wood powders were oxidized directly by 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl, and the morphology and mechanical behaviors of the nanofibril suspensions and networks were characterized. The TW was more difficult to fibrillate by both chemical and mechanical means. Larger nanofibrils (5–10 nm) composed of 1.2 nm structures were present in the TW CNFs, whereas the NW samples contained more of thin (1.6 nm) structures, which also comprised 77% of the solid yield compared to the 33% for TW. This difference was reflected in the TW CNF networks as decreased transmittance (15% vs. 50%), higher degree of crystallinity (85.9% vs. 78.0%), doubled toughness (11 MJ/m3) and higher elongation at break (12%) compared to NW. The difference was ascribed to greater preservation of the hierarchical, more crystalline microfibril structure, combined with a more cellulose-rich network (84% vs. 70%). This knowledge of the processing, structure, and properties of CNFs can facilitate the breeding and design of wood feedstocks to meet the increasing demand for nanoscale renewable materials.
Graphic abstract
Combination of solid-state NMR, molecular mechanics and DFT calculations for the molecular structure determination of methyl glycoside benzoates
Authors: Szeleszczuk Łukasz , Gubica Tomasz , Szmeja Sebastian , Ciesielski Arkadiusz , Cyrański Michał K. , Pisklak Dariusz M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA reliable method for molecular structure determination, excluding single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), has been applied to six methyl glycoside tetrabenzoates. The proposed method is based on a global conformational search using molecular mechanics and subsequent DFT calculations guided by a solid-state NMR experiment. The accuracy of the applied method has been verified on three methyl glycoside benzoates for which the SCXRD analysis has been completed. It appeared that the calculated conformations of unprivileged energy could be found in the solid state. Bulky substituents (benzoates) exerted less energetically favored interactions in crystals in contrast to isolated molecules. Therefore, solid-state NMR was revealed to be an indispensable approach for choosing credible conformations from the calculated conformations.
The home bias and the local bias: A survey
Authors: Gaar Eduard , Scherer David , Schiereck Dirk 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe home bias like the disposition effect is a well-researched economic phenomenon in investor behaviour which has been examined in finance journal articles for decades. While there is little doubt about the existence of the bias, its magnitude varies across countries and investor groups. The home bias has to be regarded as a multifactorial phenomenon, a combination of numerous causes which all synergistically contribute. In contrast to other biases the home bias can at least partially be explained by reasons beyond irrational investor behaviour. While institutional restrictions play a minor role, informational asymmetries and superior information of domestic investors are important factors. Thus, the performance of investments may well benefit from a home bias, and the bias then no longer would be a puzzle but rather rational behaviour as a lower diversification level may lead to higher returns. The contemporary understanding of the home bias gains in relevance as the ongoing political debate in Germany has to clarify an institutional framework for long-run retirement savings plans of private households based on equity investments.