bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homeland: Reconceptualising the Chagossians’ Litigation
Authors: Frost Tom , Murray C R G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The British Indian Ocean Territory’s (BIOT) establishment in the 1960s exemplifies the UK’s efforts to maintain global standing through imperial possessions. The colonised people of these islands, the Chagossians, were swiftly expelled, their interests subordinated to those of the imperial whole. This article re-evaluates the Chagossians’ legal resistance to their treatment, drawing upon archival releases which shed light on the earliest stages of their litigation. We contend that private law rights of exclusion have underpinned the UK Government’s approach to the saga, as they have done for colonised peoples in the past, including the Banabans on Ocean Island. These underpinnings have ensured that the UK Courts’ judicial review decisions have not been able to adequately address the Chagossians’ interests, let alone reverse their expulsion. Rigid categorisations of the Chagossians’ relationship to property and territory have further hampered their cause. We nonetheless maintain that the Supreme Court decision of Bancoult (No 2) leaves open the possibility of future legal challenges by the Chagossians against the UK Government’s latest refusal to authorise resettlement of parts of the BIOT. Ongoing litigation, however, requires that the courts accept that the Chagossians’ claims cannot be conceptualised in narrow public law terms, with Commonwealth Aboriginal/Indigenous-title jurisprudence providing one as-yet-unexplored avenue.
Legislative Territorialization: The Impact of a Decentralized Party System on Individual Legislative Behavior in Argentina
Authors: Clerici Paula 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The conventional understanding in the scholarly literature is that the main dimension that sets legislators’ ideal points is the tension between the government and the opposition parties. In this article, I challenge this claim, demonstrating that this alignment is contingent on the level of party system nationalization. These consequences have not been fully documented. Using DW-NOMINATE to calculate Argentine legislators’ ideal points (1983–2017), I show that individual territorialization in roll call voting increases when the party system is more decentralized. Legislators are closer to their provincial delegation, irrespective of which party they belong to, when there are low levels of party nationalization. At the individual level, this mechanism may be understood by the competing principals’ theory: because party system decentralization implies a response to local dynamics over national dynamics, cross-pressured legislators may favor their subnational principal.
Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in residents of Karachi—challenges in acquiring herd immunity for COVID 19
Authors: Zaidi Samreen , Rizwan Faiza , Riaz Quratulain , Siddiqui Asma , Khawaja Shabnam , Imam Mehjabeen , Naz Arshi , Waheed Samra , Shamsi Tahir 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background
The recent pandemic by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global emergency. There is large number of asymptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 that are not reported. Hence, serological evidence of SARS-CoV2 antibodies is warranted for a better estimation of the actual number of infected patients to limit the disease spread and to get an idea of herd immunity.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study conducted from May 2020 to July 2020 at National Institute of Blood Diseases at Pakistan. The study includes healthcare workers (HCWs), community and industrial workers. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 test was performed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer.

Results
A total of 1675 samples have been received from three groups of population. The percentage positivity for industrial employees is high (50.3%) for HCW (13.2%) and community population (34%).Total percentage for positive antibodies result is ~36%.

Conclusion
Our seroprevalence is 36%, which still far from herd immunity that needs to be at least 60–70% in population. If we consider acquiring 60% seroprevalence in next few months, then herd immunity is not far from reality, provided the antibodies did not decline with time. Although the current study is based on a small sample of participants, the findings suggest a study with larger population to implement stronger and targeted interventions.
Coronavirus: Impact on Stock Prices and Growth Expectations
Authors: Gormsen Niels Joachim , Koijen Ralph S J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We use data from aggregate stock and dividend futures markets to quantify how investors’ expectations about economic growth evolved across horizons following the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and subsequent policy responses until July 2020. Dividend futures, which are claims to dividends on the aggregate stock market in a particular year, can be used to directly compute a lower bound on growth expectations across maturities or to estimate expected growth using a forecasting model. We show how the actual forecast and the bound evolve over time. As of July 20th, our forecast of annual growth in dividends points to a decline of 8% in both the United States and Japan and a 14% decline in the European Union compared to January 1. Our forecast of GDP growth points to a decline of 2% in the United States and Japan and 3% in the European Union. The lower bound on the change in expected dividends is -17% in the United States and Japan and -28% in the European Union at the 2-year horizon. News about U.S. monetary policy and the fiscal stimulus bill around March 24 boosted the stock market and long-term growth but did little to increase short-term growth expectations. Expected dividend growth has improved since April 1 in all geographies.
Brand Equity, Earnings Management, and Financial Reporting Irregularities
Authors: Ismail Ghada M , Huseynov Fariz , Jain Pankaj K , McInish Thomas H 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Owning valuable brands enhances the financial well-being of firms not only through increased revenues and profitability but also by mitigating agency problems, earnings management, and financial reporting irregularities. Firms with high brand equity are less likely to have income-inflating discretionary accruals, announce earnings restatements, or experience SEC investigations. Brand equity reduces the likelihood of manipulation through incentive and opportunity channels, which we capture in CEO characteristics and compensation, and corporate governance measures. Brand equity reduces the likelihood of financial reporting irregularities more for durable goods firms and firms with shorter-tenured CEOs, as the latter are most vulnerable to performance pressures. (JEL G31, G34, M31, M37, M41, M42)
Received September 28, 2019; editorial decision May 27, 2020 by Editor Isil Erel.
Postures of Dying: Eliot, Seneca and the Elizabethans
Authors: Toda Kit 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This article analyses the substantial intertextual relations between Eliot’s ‘Gerontion’, Seneca’s tragedies, and Elizabethan and Jacobean drama, particularly in the depictions of dying speeches. It demonstrates, too, that ‘Gerontion’ is a prominent example of how Eliot’s poetry anticipates the issues explored in his critical prose—in this case, notably ‘Shakespeare and the Stoicism of Seneca’ and ‘Seneca in Elizabethan Translation’. Further, the article relates the use of what Eliot called ‘saturated’ images in early modern drama and his own poetry with his theories of poetic creation and originality. In so doing, it argues that, contrary to the accepted critical narrative, the famous description of a ‘profound kinship’ with an unnamed ‘dead author’ that Eliot describes in ‘Reflections on Contemporary Poetry’, may not primarily and exclusively refer to Jules Laforgue.
Association between H3K36me3 modification and methylation of LINE-1 and MGMT in peripheral blood lymphocytes of PAH-exposed workers
Authors: Xing Xiumei , He Zhini , Wang Ziwei , Mo Ziying , Chen Liping , Yang Boyi , Zhang Zhengbao , Chen Shen , Ye Lizhu , Zhang Rui , Zheng Yuxin , Chen Wen , Li Daochuan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
To explore the epigenetic alterations in response to DNA damage following polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and the crosstalk between different epigenetic regulations, we examined trimethylated Lys 36 of histone H3 (H3K36me3) and methylation of ‘long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1)’ and ‘O 6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)’ in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLCs) of 173 coke oven workers (PAH-exposed group) and 94 non-exposed workers (control group). The PAH-exposed group showed higher internal PAH exposure level, enhanced DNA damage and increased MGMT expression (all P &lt; 0.001). Notably, the methylation of LINE-1 and MGMT decreased by 3.9 and 40.8%, respectively, while H3K36me3 level was 1.7 times higher in PBLCs of PAH-exposed group compared to control group (all P &lt; 0.001). These three epigenetic marks were significantly associated with DNA damage degree (all P &lt; 0.001) and PAH exposure level in a dose–response manner (all P &lt; 0.001). LINE-1 hypomethylation is correlated with enhanced H3K36me3 modification (β = −0.198, P = 0.002), indicating a synergistic effect between histone modification and DNA methylation at the whole genome level. In addition, MGMT expression was positively correlated with H3K36me3 modification (r = 0.253, P &lt; 0.001), but not negatively correlated with MGMT methylation (r = 0.202, P &lt; 0.05). The in vitro study using human bronchial epithelial cells treated with the organic extract of coke oven emissions confirmed that H3K36me3 is important for MGMT expression following PAH exposure. In summary, our study indicates that histone modification and DNA methylation might have synergistic effects on DNA damage induced by PAH exposure at the whole genome level and H3K36me3 is more essential for MGMT expression during the course.
A new extinct species of Polynesian sandpiper (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae:Prosobonia) from Henderson Island, Pitcairn Group, and the phylogenetic relationships ofProsobonia
Authors: De Pietri Vanesa L , Worthy Trevor H , Scofield R Paul , Cole Theresa L , Wood Jamie R , Mitchell Kieren J , Cibois Alice , Jansen Justin J F J , Cooper Alan J , Feng Shaohong , Chen Wanjun , Tennyson Alan Jd , Wragg Graham M 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe describe a new species of Polynesian sandpiper from Henderson Island, Prosobonia sauli sp. nov., based on multiple Holocene fossil bones collected during the Sir Peter Scott Commemorative Expedition to the Pitcairn Islands (1991–92). Prosobonia sauli is the only species of Prosobonia to be described from bone accumulations and extends the record of known extinct Polynesian sandpipers to four. It is readily differentiated from the extant Tuamotu Sandpiper P. parvirostris in several features of the legs and bill, implying ecological adaptations to different environments. The geographically nearest Prosobonia populations to Henderson Island were found on Mangareva, where it is now extinct. A previous record of a species of Prosobonia from Tubuai, Austral Islands, is here shown to belong to the Sanderling Calidris alba. Our analyses of newly sequenced genetic data, which include the mitochondrial genomes of P. parvirostris and the extinct Tahiti Sandpiper P. leucoptera, confidently resolve the position of Prosobonia as sister-taxon to turnstones and calidrine sandpipers. We present a hypothesis for the timing of divergence between species of Prosobonia and other scolopacid lineages. Our results further provide a framework to interpret the evolution of sedentary lineages within the normally highly migratory Scolopacidae.
Relationship between the use of Chinese herbal medicines and Sjögren syndrome risk among women with menopause: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chung Yu-Jung , Wei Chang-Kuo , Livneh Hanoch , Lai Ning-Sheng , Lu Ming-Chi , Liao Hou-Hsun , Tsai Tzung-Yi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Objective:
Menopausal women appear to report a higher risk of Sjögren syndrome (SS). Although Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) are proven to lower SS risk, the scientific evidence of whether it can lessen the occurrence of SS among menopausal women is limited. This longitudinal cohort study aimed to clarify the relationship between CHMs use and SS risk in menopausal women.

Methods:
Using a nationwide claims data, we enrolled 31,917 women with first-time diagnosed menopause who simultaneously were free of SS between 2000 and 2007. Among them, we randomly selected 12,757 CHMs users and 12,757 non-CHMs users using propensity scores matching. All participants were followed until the end of 2012 to record SS incidence. The hazard ratio of SS with regard to CHMs use was estimated using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results:
In the follow-up period, 589 CHMs users and 644 non-CHMs users developed SS, representing incidence rates of 5.12 and 6.40, respectively, per 1,000 person-years. CHMs use was associated with a 21% lower subsequent risk of SS (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.71-0.89). Six commonly prescribed CHMs were discovered to be associated with lower SS risk: Ge-Gen-Tang, Zhi-Gan-Cao-Tag, Da-Huang, Ye-Jiao-Teng, Tian-Hua-Fen, and Bo-Zi-Ren.

Conclusions:
A statistically significant association was found between CHMs use and lower risk of SS onset in menopausal women, suggesting that CHMs could be considered to integrate it into conventional therapy to reduce subsequent SS risk for menopausal women.
Estimated Radiation Doses Received by New Mexico Residents from the 1945 Trinity Nuclear Test
Authors: Simon Steven L. , Bouville André , Beck Harold L. , Melo Dunstana R. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The National Cancer Institute study of projected health risks to New Mexico residents from the 1945 Trinity nuclear test provides best estimates of organ radiation absorbed doses received by representative persons according to ethnicity, age, and county. Doses to five organs/tissues at significant risk from exposure to radioactive fallout (i.e., active bone marrow, thyroid gland, lungs, stomach, and colon) from the 63 most important radionuclides in fresh fallout from external and internal irradiation were estimated. The organ doses were estimated for four resident ethnic groups in New Mexico (Whites, Hispanics, Native Americans, and African Americans) in seven age groups using: (1) assessment models described in a companion paper, (2) data on the spatial distribution and magnitude of radioactive fallout derived from historical documents, and (3) data collected on diets and lifestyles in 1945 from interviews and focus groups conducted in 2015–2017 (described in a companion paper). The organ doses were found to vary widely across the state with the highest doses directly to the northeast of the detonation site and at locations close to the center of the Trinity fallout plume. Spatial heterogeneity of fallout deposition was the largest cause of variation of doses across the state with lesser differences due to age and ethnicity, the latter because of differences in diets and lifestyles. The exposure pathways considered included both external irradiation from deposited fallout and internal irradiation via inhalation of airborne radionuclides in the debris cloud as well as resuspended ground activity and ingestion of contaminated drinking water (derived both from rivers and rainwater cisterns) and foodstuffs including milk products, beef, mutton, and pork, human-consumed plant products including leafy vegetables, fruit vegetables, fruits, and berries. Tables of best estimates of county population-weighted average organ doses by ethnicity and age are presented. A discussion of our estimates of uncertainty is also provided to illustrate a lower and upper credible range on our best estimates of doses. Our findings indicate that only small geographic areas immediately downwind to the northeast received exposures of any significance as judged by their magnitude relative to natural radiation. The findings presented are the most comprehensive and well-described estimates of doses received by populations of New Mexico from the Trinity nuclear test.
ROLE OF DILATED SUBFOVEAL CHOROIDAL VEINS IN EYES WITH MYOPIC MACULAR NEOVASCULARIZATION
Authors: Xie Shiqi , Fang Yuxin , Du Ran , Onishi Yuka , Yokoi Tae , Moriyama Muka , Watanabe Takashi , Ohno-Matsui Kyoko 
Published: September 2020

Purpose:
To investigate the dilated choroidal veins (DCVs) at or around myopic macular neovascularizations (MNVs) and to determine whether there is a hemodynamic relationship between them.

Methods:
Fifty-eight eyes of 57 patients with myopic MNVs were examined. Dilated choroidal veins were defined as choroidal veins whose diameter was 2X larger than adjacent veins. Indocyanine green angiography and swept-source optical coherence tomography images were reviewed to detect DCVs that crossed the subfoveal area. The filling sequence of the DCVs and MNVs was determined.

Results:
Patients' mean age was 71.4 ± 10.6 years. The mean axial length was 29.3 ± 1.8 mm. Dilated choroidal veins below or around the MNV were found in 17 eyes (29.3%). Emissaries of the short posterior ciliary arteries were seen at or around MNVs in 8 of the 17 eyes. In these eyes, the short posterior ciliary artery was filled first or almost simultaneously with the filling of the MNV, followed by a laminar filling of the DCVs. In one eye, afferent arterioles from the short posterior ciliary arteries and efferent venules connected to DCVs were seen.

Conclusion:
Dilated choroidal veins are present below or around MNVs in about 30% of eyes with myopic MNVs. Our findings suggest that an MNV might be a vascular unit consisting of short posterior ciliary arteries, afferent arterioles, efferent venules, and DCVs.
68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT combining ADC value of MRI in the diagnosis of naive prostate cancer
Authors: Wang Liwei , Yu Fei , Yang Lulu , Zang Shiming , Xue Hailin , Yin Xindao , Guo Hongqian , Sun Hongbin , Wang Feng 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

68Ga-PSMA-11 positron emission computed tomography /computed tomography (PET/CT) is more sensitive than magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting prostate cancer (PCa). We evaluated the value of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT with MRI in treatment-naive PCa.
This retrospective study was approved by the hospital ethics committee. The MRI and 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT imaging data of 63 cases of highly suspected PCa were enrolled in this study. The SUVmax and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and their ratio, were assessed as diagnostic markers to distinguish PCa from benign disease.
There were 107 prostate lesions detected in 63 cases. Forty cases with 64 malignant primary lesions were confirmed PCa, whereas 23 cases had 43 benign lesions. PSMA-avid lesions correlated with hypointense signal on ADC maps and hyperintense signal on diffusion-weighted imaging. The ADC of PCa was lower than that of benign lesions, and SUVmax and SUVmax/ADC of PCa was higher than that of benign lesions (P < .01). ADC had significant negative correlation with Gleason score (GS) and SUVmax, SUVmax, and SUVmax/ADC positively correlated with GS. From ROC analysis, we established cutoff values of ADC, SUVmax, and SUVmax/ADC at 1.02 × 10−3mm2/s, 11.72, and 12.35, respectively, to differentiate PCa from benign lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 90.6%, 58.1%, and 0.816 for ADC, 67.2%, 97.7%, and 0.905 for SUVmax, and 81.2%, 88.4%, and 0.929 for SUVmax/ADC, respectively.

68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT combined with MRI offers higher diagnostic efficacy in the detection of PCa than either modality alone.
Impact of radiotherapy on circulating lymphocyte subsets in patients with esophageal cancer
Authors: Lv Yajuan , Song Meijuan , Tian Xiufang , Yv Xinshuang , Liang Ning , Zhang Jiandong 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) can affect the immune function of patients with cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of RT on lymphocyte and its subsets in patients with esophageal cancer (EC).
All patients received RT with a mean dose of 5369 cGy (gray). Blood parameters were measured in 31 patients on 3 occasions (before, at the end of radiotherapy, and at 3 months follow-up). The whole blood count and lymphocyte subsets were measured and correlated with short time efficiency and radiation dose parameters.
White blood count (WBC) and lymphocyte count (ALC) were greatly decreased at the end of radiotherapy, and the percentages of CD3+, CD3+CD8+ T cells were significantly increased, on the other hand, a decrease in the CD4/CD8 ratio was observed. The percentages of CD3-CD16/56+NK cells and CD19+ B cell were decreased at the end of RT compared with prior RT. The percentages of CD3+ T cells before RT and the WBC and ALC count after RT can be used as prognostic indicators for survival. The PTV dose can cause significant changes in lymphocytes count after RT. CD3+T cells after RT were significantly correlated with mean heart dose and heart V50.
Our study identified that RT causes changes in lymphocyte subsets, and these changes may indicate differences in immune function between individuals. Radiotherapy plan should be designed to minimize normal tissue dose to reduce the impact on WBC and lymphocytes.
Validating candidate biomarkers for different stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Al-Qarni Reem , Iqbal Muhammad , Al-Otaibi Maram , Al-Saif Faisal , Alfadda Assim A. , Alkhalidi Hisham , Bamehriz Fahad , Hassanain Mazen 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic condition caused by the accumulation of fat in the liver. NAFLD may range from simple steatosis to advanced cirrhosis, and affects more than 1 billion people around the world. To date, there has been no effective treatment for NAFLD. In this study, we evaluated the expression of 4 candidate NAFLD biomarkers to assess their possible applicability in the classification and treatment of the disease.Twenty-six obese subjects, who underwent bariatric surgery, were recruited and their liver biopsies obtained. Expression of 4 candidate biomarker genes,PNPLA3,COL1A1,PPP1R3B, andKLF6were evaluated at gene and protein levels by RT-qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively.A significant increase in the levels of COL1A1 protein (P = .03) and PNPLA3 protein (P = .03) were observed in patients with fibrosis-stage NAFLD compared to that in patients with steatosis-stage NAFLD. However, no significant differences were found in abundance of PPP1R3B and KLF6 proteins or at the gene level for any of the candidate.This is the first study, to our knowledge, to report on the expression levels of candidate biomarker genes for NAFLD in the Saudi population. Although PNPLA3 and PPP1R3B had been previously suggested as biomarkers for steatosis andKLF6as a possible marker for the fibrosis stage of NAFLD, our results did not support these findings. However, other studies that had linked PNPLA3 to fibrosis in advanced NAFLD supported our current finding of high PNPLA3 protein in patients with fibrosis. Additionally, our results support COL1A1 protein as a potential biomarker for the fibrosis stage of NAFLD, and indicate its use in the screening of patients with NAFLD. Further studies are required to validate the use of COL1A1 as a biomarker for advanced NAFLD in a larger cohort.