bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Security in a Democratic State: Child Vaccination – Legal Obligation Versus the Right to Express Consent for a Medical Intervention
Authors: Huzarska-Ryzenko Dorota , Huzarska Joanna , Pędziński Bartosz 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
One of the major objectives in a democratic state is ensuring health security of the citizens including combating epidemic diseases. The subject matter of this article is the presentation and analysis of legal regulations regarding preventive vaccination in Poland, in particular the aspect of imposing a legal obligation and restricting parents’ right to express consent for medical intervention. The reflections made herein are aimed at finding an answer to the question whether the adopted legal solutions are admissible in a democratic state with regard to ensuring health security. The purpose of the analysis is also to assess whether the abovementioned legal regulations have been formulated in a clear way and do not raise interpretation doubts and, consequently, whether they are comprehensible to the parents obliged to comply with them.
As it follows from analysis of the legal provisions, parents must not refuse to subject a child to obligatory preventive vaccination and their consent is not required by law, both as regards the medical qualifying examination to exclude contraindications to performing vaccination and the vaccination itself. It is a legal obligation, from which exemption is only possible on grounds of certain medical conditions that would render vaccination inadvisable.
The legal provisions that concern obligatory preventive vaccination in Poland, including in particular those referring to its enforceability, have not been formulated in a way that is sufficiently comprehensible to parents who are under the obligation of complying with them, irrespective of the fact that the language of the provisions of law should be clear and raise no interpretative doubts.
In a democratic state the protection of public health against epidemic hazards justifies the implementation of legal solutions that restrict an individual’s freedom of self-determination, thus limiting the right of patients or their statutory representatives to grant or refuse consent for a medical intervention in the form of preventive vaccination – the purpose of this legal solution being to prioritize the safeguarding of state health security.
It is vitally important to engage in a social dialogue with the purpose of convincing the public of the need for vaccination, its significance and its implementation for the better good.
Riding without a ticket: geography of free fare public transport policy in Poland
Authors: Štraub Daniel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A policy instrument promoting a free fare public transport policy (FFPT) has recently been put into practice in 66 municipalities across Poland. By contributing to the academic debate on the concept of FFPT (e.g. Kębłowski 2019), the main goal of this paper is to create a typology of the schemes where FFPT is in operation in Poland based on analyses of a geographical mapping of these projects. This study analyses how different municipalities are implementing the concept in order to define a typology of FFTP projects and to understand how the development landscape of the urban transport system is changing in the light of free fare transport policies, topics which are not fully covered in the academic literature. The findings confirm that there is a new dynamic in the development of urban transport systems and permit the identification of key characteristics of this trend. Besides the typology of implementation of FFPT, the study also presents an up-to-date inventory of FFPT projects with the key characteristic features of each system. Although the study does not provide specific recommendations regarding the introduction of a FFPT policy, it represents a good starting point for future and more detailed studies. Such studies are necessary in order to understand the role of FFPT not only in the context of the development of a given transport system, its impact on modal split, and travel behaviour, but also to uncover the different politics which lie behind them.
Inguinal lymph node metastasis as the only manifestation of recurrent ovarian cancer: a case report
Authors: Dsouza Queena Sheryl , Bangera Kadri Yogesh 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Ovarian cancer has emerged as one of the most common malignancies affecting women in India. Despite optimal surgery and appropriate first-line chemotherapy, almost 70%–80% of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer will develop recurrence. Inguinal lymph node metastasis is a rare site of involvement in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer.

Case Presentation:
Herein, we report the case of a 54-year-old female who presented to us with painless left inguinal lymphadenopathy. She gave history of being diagnosed with malignant ovarian cancer 2 years ago, for which she underwent debulking surgery. She received only one cycle of chemotherapy after which she defaulted. Cytological examination of the inguinal nodes revealed metastatic ovarian cancer. CA-125 levels were elevated despite the lack of any foci of metabolically active tissue on imaging.

Conclusion:
Inguinal lymphadenopathy is a rare presentation of recurrent ovarian cancer. Despite that, it is essential to examine the inguinal region in the follow up of all the cases of ovarian cancer. It is also necessary to consider ovarian cancer in the differential diagnosis for inguinal lymphadenopathy in a female patient.
Komparasi Pengembangan Pariwisata Antar Wilayah di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung
Authors: Valeriani Devi 
Published: January 2020

Sektor pariwisata yang diukur dari lapangan usaha perdagangan besar dan eceran, reparasi mobil dan sepeda motor; transportasi dan pergudangan; serta sektor penyedian akomodasi dan makan minum merupakan salah satu dari tiga sektor penunjang PDRB terbesar di Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung tahun 2007-2017, yaitu sebesar 24,33 persen. Objek penelitian terdiri dari 6 kabupaten dan 1 kota, dengan menggunakan analisis persamaan regresi data panel bersifat kuantitatif dan hypotestic testing. Variabel penelitian berupa belanja barang jasa, belanja modal, investasi swasta, unit usaha dan kesempatan kerja sektor pariwisata terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Ditemukan hasil bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi sektor pariwisata di Kota Pangkalpinang dan Kabupaten Bangka Tengah tidak sepenuhnya tergantung kepada belanja barang jasa, belanja modal, investasi swasta, unit usaha dan kesempatan kerja sektor pariwisata, karena jika variabel-variabel tersebut diabaikan maka pertumbuhan ekonomi tersebut tetap bernilai positif.
Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Melalui Kepuasan Pelanggan Jasa Transportasi Online
Authors: Adhitya Akbar Lusiah, Djatmiko Noviantoro, 
Published: January 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan dan kepuasan pelanggan jasa transportasi onlineterhadap loyalitas pelanggan secara langsung dan tidak langsung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi yang digunakan adalah mahasiswa di Kota Medan. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode Non-Probability Accidental Sampling dengan kriteria responden adalah mahasiswa Kota Medan dan responden yang pernah menggunakan layanan transportasi online setidaknya paling sedikit dua kali. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 120 responden. Data dikumpulkan dan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis jalur dengan tingkat signifikansi 5% menggunakan software Lisrel versi 8.8. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas pelayanan memiliki pengaruh positif langsung terhadap kepuasan pelanggan jasa transportasi online, selain itu kualitas pelayanan dan kepuasan pelanggan juga memiliki efek positif langsung pada loyalitas pelanggan jasa transportasi online. Sedangkan kepuasan pelanggan tidak dapat memediasi hubungan antara kualitas pelayanan dengan loyalitas pelanggan.
Estimation of Variance, Number of Controlling Genes Group and Heritability of Tomato Yield at the Low Altitude
Authors: Eka Saputra Helfi , Wahyuni Ganefianti Dwi , Salamah Umi , Sariasih Yenny , Dwi Ardiansyah Nico 
Published: January 2020

Persilangan merupakan salah satu teknik untuk memperluas keragaman genetik. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengestimasi keragaman genetik, heritabilitas dan jumlah kelompok gen pengendali karakter hasil dan komponen hasil tomat pada populasi F2 persilangan TMU-1 x TMU-2 di dataran rendah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Kandang Limun, Kota Bengkulu dengan ketinggian 10 m dpl (dataran rendah) dari bulan April sampai Oktober 2016. Estimasi keragaman genetik, heritabilitas dan jumlah kelompok gen pengendali karakter ditentukan berdasarkan nilai tengah dan ragam pada populasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semua karakter yang diuji memiliki jumlah kelompok gen pengendali sebanyak satu gen. Karakter yang dikendalikan oleh satu gen diharapkan fiksasi gen-gen akan cepat tercapai pada beberapa siklus awal seleksi. Delapan karakter memiliki heritabilitas tinggi. Masing-masing karakter dan heritabilitasnya adalah umur berbunga (52.90%), jumlah buah per tanaman (92.99%), panjang buah (77.10%), diameter buah (71.76%), jumlah rongga buah (85.68%), tebal daging buah (73.05%), padatan total terlarut (89.77%) dan bobot buah per tanaman (65.19%).
Kata kunci: dataran rendah, heritabilitas, jumlah kelompok gen, keragaman, komponen hasil
The Performance of Potted Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora) Due to Growth Retardant and Terminal Bud Pinching
Authors: Widyawati Nugraheni 
Published: January 2020

Kajian pengaruh perlakuan retardant dan pemangkasan pucuk terhadap penampilan tanaman krisan pot (Dendranthema grandiflora) dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri atas tujuh perlakuan dengan empat ulangan, yaitu: P1) Kontrol tanpa retardan dan pemangkasan pucuk; P2) Penyemprotan retardan saat pindah tanam bibit; P3) Penyemprotan retardan 1 minggu setelah pindah tanam bibit; P4) Penyemprotan retardan 2 minggu setelah pindah tanam bibit; P5) Pemangkasan pucuk saat pindah tanam bibit; P6). Pemangkasan pucuk 1 minggu setelah pindah tanam bibit; P7) Pemangkasan pucuk 2 minggu setelah pindah tanam bibit. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan BNJ 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa retardan meningkatkan kandungan klorofil daun, tanaman menjadi lebih pendek, diameter tajuk lebih kecil, jumlah bunga per pot lebih sedikit dan diameter bunga lebih kecil. Pemangkasan pucuk menurunkan tinggi tanaman, meningkatkan jumlah bunga per tanaman dan jumlah bunga per pot. Perlakuan retardan dan pemangkasan pucuk menyebabkan mekarnya bunga kurang serentak. Penampilan krisan pot dengan perlakuan retardan lebih ideal dibandingkan kontrol dan pemangkasan pucuk.
Kata kunci : pembungaan, pertumbuhan, krisan pot, paclobutrazol, pemangkasan pucuk
Response of Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) to the treatment of Liquid Organic Fertilizer of Fisheries Waste
Authors: Rifqi Fauzi Ahmad , Casdi  , Warid  
Published: January 2020

Salah satu isu dalam pertanian perkotaan adalah pengelolaan limbah. Banyaknya limbah di perkotaan belum banyak dikelola secara baik. Salah satu limbah yang dapat dikelola dan dimanfaatkan adalah limbah perikanan sebagai bahan baku pupuk organik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui respon pertumbuhan dan hasil panen pakcoy terhadap pemberian pupuk organik cair limbah perikanan. Metode penelitian menggunakan RAKL secara faktorial diulang empat kali. Faktor pertama adalah dosis pupuk urea dengan lima taraf (0, 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100% dari dosis rekomendasi 250 kg ha-1), dan Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi pupuk cair organik dari limbah perikanan dengan lima taraf (0, 2, 4, 6, dan 8 ml L-1). Terdapat 25 kombinasi perlakuan dengan 6 tanaman per satuan percobaan, sehingga ada 600 sampel tanaman yang diteliti. Penelitian ini dilakasanakan di Kebun Bergizi, dan Laboratorium Agroekoteknologi, Universitas Trilogi, pada bulan September sampai Oktober 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi perlakuan 50% pupuk urea dan 2 ml L-1 pupuk cair organik memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol perlakuan lainnya pada indikator pertumbuhan. Pada peubah jumlah daun layak konsumsi dan berat segar tanaman pada kombinasi perlakuan 50% pupuk urea dan 2 ml L-1 yaitu 19.11 helai, dan 220.77 g lebih berat dari perlakuan 100% dosis urea yang digunakan.
Kata kunci: Limbah organik, nitrogen, pemupukan, pertanian perkotaan, sayuran
IDENTIFIKASI JENIS KELAMIN SIPUT GONGGONG Strombus sp. SECARA MORFOLOGI DI PERAIRAN MADUNG, TANJUNGPINANG, INDONESIA
Authors: Susiana  , Apriandi Azwin , Rochmady  
Published: January 2020

Identifikasi morfologi sebagai alternatif identifikasi jenis kelamin siput gonggong tanpa merusak cangkang dan viscera. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis kelamin siput gonggong Strombus sp. secara morfologi. Sampel diperoleh dari nelayan pengumpul di pesisir Madung, Tanjungpinang, Indonesia. Sampel dikoleksi pada saat surut terendah, hasil koleksi disimpan dalam wadah ember. Siput gonggong jenis kelamin jantan dan betina dibedakan secara morfologi melalui pengamatan visual terhadap cangkang tanpa pembedaan organ bagian dalam cangkang. Organ reproduksi diketahui dengan cara mengeluarkan keseluruhan daging dengan memecahkan cangkang. Panjang cangkang diukur menggunakan kaliper dengan ketelitian 0,01 mm. Panjang cangkang adalah jarak dari ujung anterior ke ujung posterior cangkang. Rasio jenis kelamin siput gonggong dianalisis dengan metode chi-square. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siput gonggong yang ditemukan adalah jenis Strombus canarium dan Strombus sp. dari total sampel sebanyak 1124 individu. Jenis kelamin siput gonggong dapat ditentukan secara morfologi berdasarkan kemontokan cangkang (lebar dan langsing). Bentuk cangkang lebar menandakan siput gonggong jenis kelamin betina, bentuk cangkang langsing menandakan siput gonggong jenis kelamin jantan. Nisbah kelamin siput gonggong jenis S. canarium dan Strombus sp. jantan dan betina dalam rasio berbeda.
Asemointi ja tutkijakuvat tiedettä popularisoivien biologien matkakertomuksissa
Authors: Virtanen Mikko T. 
Published: January 2020

Tarkastelen kirjoituksessani sitä, kuinka tutkijoiden tietokirjoihin upotetuissa matkakertomuksissa rakennetaan tutkijan, erityisesti tutkimusmatkailijan, julkista persoonaa ja edelleen tiedeyhteisön ulkopuolelle suunnattua kuvaa siitä, mitä tutkimusmatkailu ruohonjuuritasolta koettuna on. Perehdyn varsinkin siihen, kuinka kertomuksissa työstetään tutkijan identiteettiä suhteessa matkalla kohdattuihin toisiin ja millaisia merkityksiä tutkimusmatkailulle annetaan suhteessa muihin matkailun muotoihin, esimerkiksi turismiin. Analyysikehikkona on Michael Bambergin asemointimalli, joka ohjaa tarkastelemaan tarinankerrontaa monitasoisena identiteettejä rakentavana toimintana. Malli on alkujaan suunniteltu keskustelumuotoisen kerronnan analyysiin, mutta artikkelissa kokeilen, missä määrin ja millaisin reunaehdoin sitä on mahdollista soveltaa myös kirjallisen kerronnan analyysissa. Aineistoksi on kerätty neljä tiedettä popularisoivaa nykytietokirjaa, jotka ovat suomalaisten biologien laatimia.
Tutkimustuloksina esitän kolme tutkijoiden matkakertomuksille ominaista asemoinnin käytännettä: i) ei-tutkijoista erottautuminen ammatillista havainnointikykyä – tutkijan katsetta – korostamalla; ii) erottautuminen muista matkailijoista (etenkin turisteista ja reppureissaajista) painottamalla tutkimusmatkailuun liittyviä vastoinkäymisiä ja epämukavuuksia; iii) itsereflektiivinen erottautuminen kerrotusta minästä ja nykyisen minän asemoiminen esimerkiksi kokeneeksi, maailmaa nähneeksi tutkimusmatkailijaksi.
Analisis Harga Dalam Perspektif Ibn Khaldun
Authors: Salihin Agus 
Published: January 2020

<p> </p><p><em>This study aims to determine the process of determining and pricing mechanisms in the thought of the figure of Ibn Khaldun. This research uses the Library Research method which is one type of qualitative research using the socio historical and historical factual approaches. The data source of this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. While the data analysis used in this study is descriptive analytic. The results showed that sociologically Ibn Khaldun had revealed the process of price formation clearly. According to him, naturally the formation of prices is determined by the role of market mechanisms through a balance between demand and supply in the market. The meeting between the demand and supply factors in the market will form the balance of natural market prices. The existence of government intervention on the market shows that there is a contraction between social economic conditions in determining prices. Besides hisbah is also authorized to maintain the moral and social life of the social community. With hisbah, it is expected that the market mechanism can run normally and the prices formed reflect aspects of justice for market participants.</em></p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses penentuan dan mekanisme harga dalam pamikiran tokoh Ibn Khaldun. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode <em>Library Research</em> yang merupakan salah satu jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan <em>sosio historis</em> dan <em>factual historis</em>. Sumber data penelitian ini terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder. Sedangkan analisis data yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara sosiologis Ibn Khaldun telah mengungkapkan proses terbentuknya harga dengan jelas. Menurtnya, secara alamiah terbentuknya harga ditentukan oleh peran mekanisme pasar melalui keseimbangan antara permintaan dan penawaran di pasar. Pertemuan antara faktor permintaan dan faktor penawaran di pasar akan membentuk keseimbangan harga alamiah pasar. Adanya intervensi pemerintah terhadap pasar menunjukkan adanya intraksi antara kondisi sisial ekonomi dalam menentukan harga. Disamping itu <em>hisbah</em> juga berwenang menjaga moral spiritual kehidupan sosial kemasyarakatan. Dengan adanya <em>hisbah</em> diharapkan mekanisme pasar dapat berjalan normal dan harga yang terbentuk mencerminkan aspek keadilan bagi pelaku pasar.</p>
Upaya Bank Kaltim Syari’ah Unit Usaha Syari’ah (UUS) Dalam Menghindari Spekulasi Pada Produk Gadai Emas
Authors: Candra Alias 
Published: January 2020

<p>The research was raised from the issue of speculation on gold pawning products, where gold pawning products were not used as they should. Based on the research objectives mentioned above, the design of the research is a field research using a qualitative method that uses a sample of 400 gold pawning product customers, as well as the Kaltim Syari'ah Bank Syariah Business Unit as a gold pawning product service provider, The research reveals that the practice of gold pawning can pose risks for both customers and banks, because basically Islam has banned this speculation practice so that unwanted risks occur in running a business. The research shows that the gold pawning product has been carried out according to Bank Indonesia regulations and avoided speculation, as well as the motives carried out by customers in conducting gold pawning transactions are in accordance with the main purpose of the gold pawning product, to meet urgent needs, such as education costs, fees health, housing construction, and venture capital.</p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini diangkat dari masalah spekulasi pada produk gadai emas, di mana produk gadai emas tidak digunakan sebagaimana mestinya. Berdasarkan tujuan penelitian yang disebutkan di atas, desain penelitian adalah penelitian lapangan menggunakan metode kualitatif yang menggunakan sampel 400 pelanggan produk gadai emas, serta Unit Usaha Syariah Bank Syariah Kaltim Syari'ah sebagai layanan produk gadai emas Penyedia, Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa praktik gadai emas dapat menimbulkan risiko bagi pelanggan dan bank, karena pada dasarnya Islam telah melarang praktik spekulasi ini sehingga risiko yang tidak diinginkan terjadi dalam menjalankan bisnis. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk gadai emas telah dilakukan sesuai dengan peraturan Bank Indonesia dan menghindari spekulasi, serta motif yang dilakukan oleh pelanggan dalam melakukan transaksi gadai emas sesuai dengan tujuan utama produk gadai emas, untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mendesak, seperti biaya pendidikan, biaya kesehatan, pembangunan perumahan, dan modal ventura.</p>
POLITISASI HIJAB KONTESTASI PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH
Authors: Azizah Nurul , Armoyu Mohammad 
Published: January 2020

<p><em>This research about the transformation of </em><em>h</em><em>ijab women candidates in the political stage direct election of the regional head (Pilkada). In Indonesia hijab experienced a transformative instrument motif. This is related to the dynamics of democratization in Indonesia, the factor of political identity and religious polarization is very strong. The focus of this study is the motive </em><em>of wearing a hijab on women's candidates influenced various aspects including religion, fashion trend, even political interests to gain power. The theoretical study uses the </em><em>rational action</em><em> theory approach is the front stage and backstage. The object of this research is women candidates who suddenly use the hijab before the election of the regional head. </em><em>The purpose of this study to determine the motives behind the use of hijab, the objective of political parties to bring women candidates wearing hijab to gain sympathy and captivate the voice of Muslim voters.</em><em> The research method is a textual analysis on the use of Hijab. The results are expected with the emergence of women candidates who have hijab in direct local elections (Pilkada) bringing blessings and benefits, not just playing masks on the political stage as a means of winning</em><em> </em><em>and power for personal and group interests. </em></p>
CHALLENGES TO THE ENACTMENT OF THE ELIMINATION OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE BILL
Authors: Nurmila Nina 
Published: January 2020

<p>Indonesia currently has only one criminal law, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP), which was enacted and inherited from our colonial government. There has been an effort to amend this law but up until now the amendment of this law is not enacted yet. In this law, there are only two types of sexual violence which have legal protection: rape and sexual molestation (<em>pencabulan</em>), while in the current reality, based on the reported cases to partners of Komnas Perempuan from 2001-2011, there are 15 types of sexual violence; and the number of sexual violence cases has been increasing. As a result, it is difficult for victims of the 15 types of sexual violence to have legal protection. This shows the existing hole in the <em>lex generalis</em> KUHP, which needs to be filled in by <em>lex specialis</em> law which specifically addresses sexual violence. Based on the need for legal protection for victims of various types of sexual violence and to protect women’s human rights, Komnas Perempuan and her partners have drafted the Elimination of Sexual Violence Bill since 2014. This Bill has become one of the priorities of the national legislation program since 2016, after the incidence of a gang rape to a school age child in Bengkulu. However, up until the end of September 2019, this Bill was not enacted yet. In addition, there has been currently opposition to this Bill from the conservative group, accusing that this Bill legalizes <em>zina</em> (extra marital sexual relationship) and LGBT. This paper aims at elaborating the background, aims, contents and challenges to the enactment of the Elimination of Sexual Violence Bill. I will argue that this Bill offers both procedural and substantive justice for women and the marginalized groups, the majority victims of sexual violence.</p>