Impact of agrochemicals on the population of litter entomobryid collembolans in the grass ecosystem
Authors:   Assam Agricultural University Jorhat,Assam Email : banashreemedhi@gmail.com, MEDHI BANASHREE 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The impact of agrochemicals, including insecticide (Flubendiamide), acaricide (Fenazaquin), fungicide (Tricyclazole), IGR (Buprofezin), and water-soluble fertilizers (50:40:25 kg NPK/ha) on the abundance of entomobryid collembolans in a grassland habitat covered with a thick mat of grasses was studied. Among the treated plots, 2FA of tricyclazole was observed significantly toxic on entomobryids. The fungivores entomobryids food chain was affected by tricyclazole. On the other hand, plot treated with 1FA of fenazaquin sounded safer. There was increase in population on 10 DAT. However, significant reduction in entomobryids was noticed on 30 DAT. Further reduction was observed on 80 and 95 DAT. Maximum reduction was observed in 2FA of fenazaquin on 10 DAT. On 30 DAT, 2FA of fenazaquin and fertilizers reported maximum reduction of entomobryids while, on 80 DAT, plots treated with 2FA of flubendiamide registered maximum reduction over control population. On 95 DAT, plot treated with one and two foliar treatments of fenazaquin, 1FA of flubendiamide,2FA of buprofezin was registered highest reduction over control.
References
Al-Haifi, M. A., Khan, M.Z., Abdullah Murshed, V. and Ghole, S., 2006. Effect of	dimethoate residues on soil micro-arthropods population in the valley of	Zendan,	Yemen. J.Appl.Sci. Environ. Mgt., 10(2): 3-41.
Bandyopadhyaya, I., Choudhuri, D. K., Ponge, J. F., 2002. Effects of some physical	factors and agricultural practices on Collembola in a multiple cropping	programme in West Bengal (India), Eur. 1. Soi/ Biol., 38(1).111-17.
Campiche, S., Becker-van, S. K., Ridreau, C. and TarradeIIas J., 2006. Effects of	insect	growth regulators on the nontarget soil arthropod Folsomia	candida (ColIemboIa), Ecocoxicol. Environ. Safety. 63(2): 216-225.
Carey, A. M., Dindal, D.L. and Leaf, A. L., 1971.Responses of micro-arthropod	populations to potassium fertilization and irrigation. Am.Soc.Agron. Annu.	Meeting	Agron. Abst., 119.
Chitgupekar, S.S., Kumar, N. G. and Patil, S. B., 2014. Effect of organic and inorganic	fertilizer on soil invertebrates in soybean ecosystem. Intl. J. Agril. Stat. Sci.,	10(2): 481-485.
Colinas, C., Ingham, E. and Molina, R., 1994. Population responses of target and non-target forest soil organisms to selected biocides. Soil Bio. Biochem., 26 (1): 41-47.
Forster B., Garcia, M., Francimari, 0. and Rombke, J., 2006. Effects of carbendazim	and	lambda- cyhalothrin on soil invertebrates and leaf litter decomposition in	semi-field	and field tests under tropical conditions (Amazonia, Brazil). Eur. J.	Soil	Biol., 42: 171—179.
Fuessel, T. N., 2012. A comparative assessment of the impact of insect growth regulators methoprene on soil mites and function in Brisbrane, Australia. Ph.D. Thesis submitted to Graffith University, Gold coast campus,Queensland.
Joy, V. C. and Chakravorty, P. P., 1991. Impact of insecticides on nontarget	microarthropod fauna in agricultural soil. EcotoxicoI. Environ. Saf., 22(1):8-16.

Kaluz, S., Saly, A., Carnogursky, J., Vasileva, G. K., Suchoparova, V.P., Galiulin, R.V., Ananeva, N. D., Bernat, J. and Ragala, P., 1993. The reactions of edaphone to the fungicide metalaxyl and its residues after application in vineyard. Biologia Bratislava, 48 (2): 149-154.
Kong, W. D., Zhu, Y. G., Fu, B. J., Han, X. Z., Zhang, L. and He, J.Z., 2008. Effect of	long-term application of chemical fertilizers on microbial biomass and	functional	diversity of black soil. Pedosphere, 18(6): 801-808.
Krogh, P. H., 1991. Perturbation of the soil micro-arthropod community with the	pesticides	benomyl and isofenphos population changes. Pedobiologia, 35(2):	71-78.
Lin, Y. G., Yang, X. Y., Zhang, F., Gu, Q. Z., and Ma, L., 2005.Variation of soil fauna under different fertilizer treatments in loess soil croplands,	Shaanxi Province. Int. J. Biodivers. Sci. Ecosyst. Serv. Manage., 13(3): 188-196.
Mitra, S. K., Dutta, A. L., Mandal, S. B. and Sengupta, D., 1983. Preliminary	observations on the effects of the rotation of crops and fertilizers on	Collembola. In: New Trends in Soil Biology, Ed. Ph. Lebrun et al., Belgium,	pp.	657-663.
Qarluq. A. Q., 2010. The impact of Agrochemicals on soil faunal composition. M.Sc.	Thesis submitted to University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, p.163.
Randhawa, N. S., 1991. The importance of soil zoology in the context of present-day	intensive agriculture. In: Advances in Management and Conservation of Soil	Fauna (Eds.) Veeresh, G.K., Rajagopal, D. and Viraktamath, C.A., Oxford and	IBH publishing Co.Pvt.Ltd.New Delhi, pp. I.3-1.5.
Rashmi, M. A., 2009. Role of agrochemicals on soil faunal composition in grassland ecosystem. M.Sc.(Agri.)Thesis, Uni. of Agril. Sciences, Bangalore, p. 173.
Reddy, M.V., Reddy, V.R., Yule, D.F. and George, P.J., 1994. Decomposition of straw	in	relation to tillage, moisture and arthropod abundance in a semi-arid tropical	alfisol. Biol. Fertil. Soils, 17:45- 50.
Saha, I. and Joy V. C., 2014. Potential ill effects of IGR pesticides on life-history	parameters	in ecologically important soil collembola Cyphoderus	javonus Borner. Intl. Sci,	Environ. Tech., 3(2):365 - 373.
Sautter, K. D., Neto, J. A. M., Moraes, A., Desantos, H. R. D. and Ribeiro, J. P. J., 1998. Population of oribatids and Collembola in pastures reclaimed from degraded land in Schistmine. Pesq. Agropec. Bras., 33(9): 1509-1513.
Van Leeuwen, T., Witters, J., Nauen, R., Duso. C. and Tirry, L., 2010. The control of	eriophyoid mites: state of the art and future challenges. Exp. Appl.	Acarol., 51(1-3):	205-224.
Yang, X., Warren, M. and Zou, X., 2007. Fertilization responses of soil litter fauna and	litter quantity, quality, and turnover in low and high elevation forests of Puerto	Rico. Appl. Soil Ecol., 37: 63- 71.