bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orientation of Initial Breakdown Pulses and Leader Discharges by Magnetic Direction Finder
Authors: Lu Zhigang , Qiu Shi , Wang Ruichao , Shi Lihua , Zhang Peng 
Published: February 2020

AbstractFor decades, the magnetic direction finder (MDF) technique has been used to give the azimuth of return stroke (RS) in cloud‐to‐ground lightning (CG). Due to the possible polarization error produced by inclined lightning channels, cloud flashes are excluded by most MDF waveform discrimination procedures. In this study, the capability of the orthogonal magnetic coils in determining the azimuth of the initial breakdown pulses (IBPs) and leaders in CG is analyzed and discussed. First, a lightning orthogonal magnetic field sensor with high sensitivity (about 33 nT/V) as well as broad bandwidth (3 kHz to 2 MHz) has been developed. According to the transmission line model, RSs with current 10 kA occurred within 500 km could be detected by this system theoretically. Thereafter, a theoretical analysis was derived in order to evaluate its polarization error with arbitrarily oriented lightning channels. In order to overcome the effect of random nonvertical channels on orientation results, a statistical MDF method is proposed. A field lightning observation was conducted in the year 2017, in which RSs, leaders, and IBPs in CG or cloud flash from two thunderstorms are oriented by the proposed MDF technique. The average azimuth difference between the mathematic expectation of leaders and corresponding RSs is 2.4°. Most of the azimuth in IBPs lies within the region of radar composite reflectivity above 45 dBZ, which indicates that the initiation location of lightning flashes in this study mostly located in these strong echo regions.
Light Competition and Biodiversity Loss Cause Saturation Response of Aboveground Net Primary Productivity to Nitrogen Enrichment
Authors: Ma Fangfang , Song Bing , Quan Quan , Zhang Fangyue , Wang Jinsong , Zhou Qingping , Niu Shuli 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe continually increasing nitrogen (N) deposition is expected to cause a saturation response of ecosystem aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). However, its underlying mechanisms, especially for the decrease of ANPP under high N addition rate, remain poorly understood. A field manipulative experiment was conducted to investigate the response of ANPP to six levels of N addition rate (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 g N·m−2·year−1) in an alpine meadow during 2015–2017. We specifically explored four possible mechanisms, light limitation, biodiversity loss, soil acidification, and ammonium toxicity, underlying the saturation response of ANPP to increasing N addition. The results showed that ANPP increased linearly with N addition rates in 2015, while converted to a saturation response with N addition rates in 2016–2017. With increasing N addition rate, species richness and soil pH significantly reduced while standing litter, light limitation, and NH4+‐N content significantly increased. Under low N addition rate (N0 to N4), increases in N availability significantly improved ANPP although it was partly offset by the indirect N effect via increasing litter accumulation and thus light competition. Under high N addition rate (N8–N32), the decreases in species richness mostly explained the N‐induced reduction in ANPP, leading to a saturation response. This study provides empirical evidences on interpreting N saturation response of ANPP in the alpine meadow. The findings will advance our current understanding of N enrichment effects on ANPP and benefit biogeochemical models in parameterization and benchmark analysis.
Pore Network Model Predictions of Darcy‐Scale Multiphase Flow Heterogeneity Validated by Experiments
Authors: Zahasky Christopher , Jackson Samuel J. , Lin Qingyang , Krevor Samuel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSmall‐scale heterogeneities in multiphase flow properties fundamentally control the flow of fluids from very small to very large scales in geologic systems. Inability to characterize these heterogeneities often limits numerical model descriptions and predictions of multiphase flow across scales. In this study, we evaluate the ability of pore network models (PNMs) to characterize multiphase flow heterogeneity at the millimeter scale using X‐ray micro‐computed tomography images of centimeter‐scale rock cores. Specifically, PNM capillary pressure and relative permeability output are used to populate a Darcy‐scale numerical model of the rock cores. These pore‐network‐derived Darcy‐scale simulations lead to accurate predictions of core‐average relative permeability, and water saturation, as validated by independent experimental data sets from the same cores and robust uncertainty analysis. Results highlight that heterogeneity in capillary pressure characteristics is more important for predicting local and upscaled flow behavior than heterogeneity in permeability or relative permeability. The leading uncertainty in core‐average relative permeability is driven not by the image processing or PNM extraction but rather by ambiguity in capillary pressure boundary condition definition in the Darcy‐scale simulator. This workflow enables characterization of local capillary heterogeneity and core‐averaged multiphase flow properties while circumventing the need for the most complex experimental observations conventionally required to obtain these properties.
Development of an early-warning system for high-risk patients for suicide attempt using deep learning and electronic health records
Authors: Zheng Le , Wang Oliver , Hao Shiying , Ye Chengyin , Liu Modi , Xia Minjie , Sabo Alex N. , Markovic Liliana , Stearns Frank , Kanov Laura , Sylvester Karl G. , Widen Eric , McElhinney Doff B. , Zhang Wei , Liao Jiayu , Ling Xuefeng B. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSuicide is the tenth leading cause of death in the United States (US). An early-warning system (EWS) for suicide attempt could prove valuable for identifying those at risk of suicide attempts, and analyzing the contribution of repeated attempts to the risk of eventual death by suicide. In this study we sought to develop an EWS for high-risk suicide attempt patients through the development of a population-based risk stratification surveillance system. Advanced machine-learning algorithms and deep neural networks were utilized to build models with the data from electronic health records (EHRs). A final risk score was calculated for each individual and calibrated to indicate the probability of a suicide attempt in the following 1-year time period. Risk scores were subjected to individual-level analysis in order to aid in the interpretation of the results for health-care providers managing the at-risk cohorts. The 1-year suicide attempt risk model attained an area under the curve (AUC ROC) of 0.792 and 0.769 in the retrospective and prospective cohorts, respectively. The suicide attempt rate in the “very high risk” category was 60 times greater than the population baseline when tested in the prospective cohorts. Mental health disorders including depression, bipolar disorders and anxiety, along with substance abuse, impulse control disorders, clinical utilization indicators, and socioeconomic determinants were recognized as significant features associated with incident suicide attempt.
A case of malignant hyperlactaemic acidosis appearing upon treatment with the mono-carboxylase transporter 1 inhibitor AZD3965
Authors: McNeillis Rosie , Greystoke Alastair , Walton Jon , Bacon Chris , Keun Hector , Siskos Alexandros , Petrides George , Leech Nicola , Jenkinson Fiona , Bowron Ann , Halford Sarah , Plummer Ruth 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA 47-year-old man with metastatic melanoma presented with refractory hyperlactaemic acidosis following the first dose of the mono-carboxylase transporter 1 inhibitor AZD3965 within a “first time in man” clinical trial. The mechanism of the agent and the temporal relationship suggested that this event was potentially drug related and recruitment was suspended. However, urinary metabolomics showed extensive abnormalities even prior to drug administration, leading to investigations for an underlying metabolic disorder. The lack of clinical symptoms from the elevated lactate and low blood glucose suggested a diagnosis of “hyper-Warburgism”, where the high tumour burden was associated with extensive glucose uptake and lactate efflux from malignant cells, and the subsequent impact on blood biochemistry. This was supported by an FDG-PET scan showing extensive glucose uptake in numerous metastases and lack of uptake in the brain. A review of the literature showed 16 case reports of “hyper-Warburgism” in non-haematological malignancies, none of them with melanoma, with most associated with a poor outcome. The patient was treated symptomatically, but died 2 months later. The development of AZD3965 continues with the exclusion of patients with elevated plasma lactate at screening added to the protocol as a safety measure.Trial identification number ClinicalTrials.Gov. NCT01791595.
Squamous differentiation requires G2/mitosis slippage to avoid apoptosis
Authors: Sanz-Gómez Natalia , de Pedro Isabel , Ortigosa Beatriz , Santamaría David , Malumbres Marcos , de Cárcer Guillermo , Gandarillas Alberto 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe cellular mechanisms controlling cell fate in self-renewal tissues remain unclear. Cell cycle failure often leads to an apoptosis anti-oncogenic response. We have inactivated Cdk1 or Polo-like-1 kinases, essential targets of the mitotic checkpoints, in the epithelia of skin and oral mucosa. Here, we show that inactivation of the mitotic kinases leading to polyploidy in vivo, produces a fully differentiated epithelium. Cells within the basal layer aberrantly differentiate and contain large or various nuclei. Freshly isolated KO cells were also differentiated and polyploid. However, sustained metaphase arrest downstream of the spindle anaphase checkpoint (SAC) due to abrogation of CDC20 (essential cofactor of anaphase-promoting complex), impaired squamous differentiation and resulted in apoptosis. Therefore, upon prolonged arrest keratinocytes need to slip beyond G2 or mitosis in order to initiate differentiation. The results altogether demonstrate that mitotic checkpoints drive squamous cell fate towards differentiation or apoptosis in response to genetic damage.
PUMA-mediated epithelial cell apoptosis promotes Helicobacter pylori infection-mediated gastritis
Authors: Dang Yini , Zhang Yifeng , Xu Lingyan , Zhou Xiaoying , Gu Yanhong , Yu Jian , Jin Shidai , Ji Haoming , Shu Yongqian , Zhang Guoxin , Cui Shiyun , Sun Jing 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe molecular mechanism responsible forHelicobacter pyloriinfection-mediated gastritis and carcinogenesis is not yet clear. Increased evidence suggests that chronic gastritis and elevated gastric epithelial cell (GEC) apoptosis are crucial events during stomach carcinoma transformation. PUMA is a potent proapoptotic Bcl-2 protein and mediates acute tissue injury. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of PUMA in GEC apoptosis and inflammation induced byH. pyloriinfection. As a result, we found that PUMA expression was elevated in gastritis tissues compared with uninvolved tissues, and it was correlated with the severity of apoptosis and gastritis. In mice,PUMAmRNA and protein were markedly induced in GECs upon induction of gastritis byH. pylori.PUMA-deficient mice were highly resistant to apoptosis and gastritis induced byH. pylori. Furthermore, the transcription factor NF-κB p65 binds toPUMApromoter to activatePUMAtranscription afterH. pyloriinfection. In addition, NF-κB inhibitor could rescueH. pylori-induced apoptosis and gastritis. Finally,H. pylori-induced activation ofp-p65andPUMAwas mediated via Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and blocked inTLR2knockout mice. Taken together, these results verified the pro-inflammatory effect of PUMA inH. pylori-infected gastric tissue. Moreover, TLR2/NF-κB-mediated transcriptional regulation ofPUMAcontributes to the pathogenesis ofH. pylori-infected gastritis.
An intellectual disability syndrome with single-nucleotide variants in O-GlcNAc transferase
Authors: Pravata Veronica M. , Omelková Michaela , Stavridis Marios P. , Desbiens Chelsea M. , Stephen Hannah M. , Lefeber Dirk J. , Gecz Jozef , Gundogdu Mehmet , Õunap Katrin , Joss Shelagh , Schwartz Charles E. , Wells Lance , van Aalten Daan M. F. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIntellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects ~1% of the world population. In total 5−10% of ID cases are due to variants in genes located on the X chromosome. Recently, variants in OGT have been shown to co-segregate with X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) in multiple families. OGT encodes O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), an essential enzyme that catalyses O-linked glycosylation with β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) on serine/threonine residues of thousands of nuclear and cytosolic proteins. In this review, we compile the work from the last few years that clearly delineates a new syndromic form of ID, which we propose to classify as a novel Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (OGT-CDG). We discuss potential hypotheses for the underpinning molecular mechanism(s) that provide impetus for future research studies geared towards informed interventions.
Reversible structural evolution of sodium-rich rhombohedral Prussian blue for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Wanlin , Gang Yong , Hu Zhe , Yan Zichao , Li Weijie , Li Yongcheng , Gu Qin-Fen , Wang Zhixing , Chou Shu-Lei , Liu Hua-Kun , Dou Shi-Xue 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIron-based Prussian blue analogs are promising low-cost and easily prepared cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Their materials quality and electrochemical performance are heavily reliant on the precipitation process. Here we report a controllable precipitation method to synthesize high-performance Prussian blue for sodium-ion storage. Characterization of the nucleation and evolution processes of the highly crystalline Prussian blue microcubes reveals a rhombohedral structure that exhibits high initial Coulombic efficiency, excellent rate performance, and cycling properties. The phase transitions in the as-obtained material are investigated by synchrotron in situ powder X-ray diffraction, which shows highly reversible structural transformations between rhombohedral, cubic, and tetragonal structures upon sodium-ion (de)intercalations. Moreover, the Prussian blue material from a large-scale synthesis process shows stable cycling performance in a pouch full cell over 1000 times. We believe that this work could pave the way for the real application of Prussian blue materials in sodium-ion batteries.
Naturally-occurring cholesterol analogues in lipid nanoparticles induce polymorphic shape and enhance intracellular delivery of mRNA
Authors: Patel Siddharth , Ashwanikumar N. , Robinson Ema , Xia Yan , Mihai Cosmin , Griffith Joseph P. , Hou Shangguo , Esposito Adam A. , Ketova Tatiana , Welsher Kevin , Joyal John L. , Almarsson Örn , Sahay Gaurav 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEndosomal sequestration of lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs) remains a formidable barrier to delivery. Herein, structure-activity analysis of cholesterol analogues reveals that incorporation of C-24 alkyl phytosterols into LNPs (eLNPs) enhances gene transfection and the length of alkyl tail, flexibility of sterol ring and polarity due to -OH group is required to maintain high transfection. Cryo-TEM displays a polyhedral shape for eLNPs compared to spherical LNPs, while x-ray scattering shows little disparity in internal structure. eLNPs exhibit higher cellular uptake and retention, potentially leading to a steady release from the endosomes over time. 3D single-particle tracking shows enhanced intracellular diffusivity of eLNPs relative to LNPs, suggesting eLNP traffic to productive pathways for escape. Our findings show the importance of cholesterol in subcellular transport of LNPs carrying mRNA and emphasize the need for greater insights into surface composition and structural properties of nanoparticles, and their subcellular interactions which enable designs to improve endosomal escape.
Spatially inhomogeneous competition between superconductivity and the charge density wave in YBa2Cu3O6.67
Authors: Choi J. , Ivashko O. , Blackburn E. , Liang R. , Bonn D. A. , Hardy W. N. , Holmes A. T. , Christensen N. B. , Hücker M. , Gerber S. , Gutowski O. , Rütt U. , Zimmermann M. v. , Forgan E. M. , Hayden S. M. , Chang J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe charge density wave in the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) has two different ordering tendencies differentiated by their c-axis correlations. These correspond to ferro- (F-CDW) and antiferro- (AF-CDW) couplings between CDWs in neighbouring CuO2 bilayers. This discovery has prompted several fundamental questions: how does superconductivity adjust to two competing orders and are either of these orders responsible for the electronic reconstruction? Here we use x-ray diffraction to study YBa2Cu3O6.67 as a function of magnetic field and temperature. We show that regions with F-CDW correlations suppress superconductivity more strongly than those with AF-CDW correlations. This implies that an inhomogeneous superconducting state exists, in which some regions show a fragile form of superconductivity. By comparison of F-CDW and AF-CDW correlation lengths, it is concluded that F-CDW ordering is sufficiently long-range to modify the electronic structure. Our study thus suggests that F-CDW correlations impact both the superconducting and normal state properties of YBCO.
Chromosome-level assemblies of multiple Arabidopsis genomes reveal hotspots of rearrangements with altered evolutionary dynamics
Authors: Jiao Wen-Biao , Schneeberger Korbinian 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDespite hundreds of sequenced Arabidopsis genomes, very little is known about the degree of genomic collinearity within single species, due to the low number of chromosome-level assemblies. Here, we report chromosome-level reference-quality assemblies of seven Arabidopsis thaliana accessions selected across its global range. Each genome reveals between 13–17 Mb rearranged, and 5–6 Mb non-reference sequences introducing copy-number changes in ~5000 genes, including ~1900 non-reference genes. Quantifying the collinearity between the genomes reveals ~350 euchromatic regions, where accession-specific tandem duplications destroy the collinearity between the genomes. These hotspots of rearrangements are characterized by reduced meiotic recombination in hybrids and genes implicated in biotic stress response. This suggests that hotspots of rearrangements undergo altered evolutionary dynamics, as compared to the rest of the genome, which are mostly based on the accumulation of new mutations and not on the recombination of existing variation, and thereby enable a quick response to the biotic stress.
Annexin A1 accounts for an anti-inflammatory binding target of sesamin metabolites
Authors: Kabe Yasuaki , Takemoto Daisuke , Kanai Ayaka , Hirai Miwa , Ono Yoshiko , Akazawa Sota , Horikawa Manabu , Kitagawa Yoshinori , Handa Hiroshi , Rogi Tomohiro , Shibata Hiroshi , Suematsu Makoto 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSesamin [(7α,7′α,8α,8′α)-3,4:3′,4′-bis(methylenedioxy)-7,9′:7′,9-diepoxylignane] is a major lignan in sesame seeds. Sesamin is converted to the catechol metabolite, SC1 [(7α,7′α,8α,8′α)-3′,4′-methylenedioxy-7,9′:7′,9-diepoxylignane-3,4-diol] with anti-inflammatory effects after oral administration. However, its molecular target remains unknown. Analysis using high-performance affinity nanobeads led to the identification of annexin A1 (ANX A1) as an SC1-binding protein. SC1 was found to bind to the annexin repeat 3 region of ANX A1 with a high-affinity constant (Kd = 2.77 μmol L−1). In U937 cells, SC1 exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect dependent on ANX A1. Furthermore, administration of sesamin or SC1 attenuated carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice and concurrently suppressed inflammatory responses dependent on ANX A1. The mechanism involved SC1-induced ANX A1 phosphorylation at serine 27 that facilitates extracellular ANX A1 release. Consequently, the ANX A1 released into the extracellular space suppressed the production of tumor necrosis factor α. This study demonstrates that ANX A1 acts as a pivotal target of sesamin metabolites to attenuate inflammatory responses.
Global karst springs hydrograph dataset for research and management of the world’s fastest-flowing groundwater
Authors: Olarinoye Tunde , Gleeson Tom , Marx Vera , Seeger Stefan , Adinehvand Rouhollah , Allocca Vincenzo , Andreo Bartolome , Apaéstegui James , Apolit Christophe , Arfib Bruno , Auler Augusto , Bailly-Comte Vincent , Barberá Juan Antonio , Batiot-Guilhe Christelle , Bechtel Timothy , Binet Stephane , Bittner Daniel , Blatnik Matej , Bolger Terry , Brunet Pascal , Charlier Jean-Baptiste , Chen Zhao , Chiogna Gabriele , Coxon Gemma , De Vita Pantaleone , Doummar Joanna , Epting Jannis , Fleury Perrine , Fournier Matthieu , Goldscheider Nico , Gunn John , Guo Fang , Guyot Jean Loup , Howden Nicholas , Huggenberger Peter , Hunt Brian , Jeannin Pierre-Yves , Jiang Guanghui , Jones Greg , Jourde Herve , Karmann Ivo , Koit Oliver , Kordilla Jannes , Labat David , Ladouche Bernard , Liso Isabella Serena , Liu Zaihua , Maréchal Jean-Christophe , Massei Nicolas , Mazzilli Naomi , Mudarra Matías , Parise Mario , Pu Junbing , Ravbar Nataša , Sanchez Liz Hidalgo , Santo Antonio , Sauter Martin , Seidel Jean-Luc , Sivelle Vianney , Skoglund Rannveig Øvrevik , Stevanovic Zoran , Wood Cameron , Worthington Stephen , Hartmann Andreas 
Published: February 2020

AbstractKarst aquifers provide drinking water for 10% of the world’s population, support agriculture, groundwater-dependent activities, and ecosystems. These aquifers are characterised by complex groundwater-flow systems, hence, they are extremely vulnerable and protecting them requires an in-depth understanding of the systems. Poor data accessibility has limited advances in karst research and realistic representation of karst processes in large-scale hydrological studies. In this study, we present World Karst Spring hydrograph (WoKaS) database, a community-wide effort to improve data accessibility. WoKaS is the first global karst springs discharge database with over 400 spring observations collected from articles, hydrological databases and researchers. The dataset’s coverage compares to the global distribution of carbonate rocks with some bias towards the latitudes of more developed countries. WoKaS database will ensure easy access to a large-sample of good quality datasets suitable for a wide range of applications: comparative studies, trend analysis and model evaluation. This database will largely contribute to research advancement in karst hydrology, supports karst groundwater management, and promotes international and interdisciplinary collaborations.