bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sporadic inclusion body myositis: no specific cardiac involvement in cardiac magnetic resonance tomography
Authors: Rosenbohm Angela , Buckert Dominik , Kassubek Jan , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Ludolph Albert C. , Bernhardt Peter 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective
To investigate cardiac involvement in patients with sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) by cardiac magnetic resonance tomography (CMR).

Methods
A case series of 20 patients with IBM underwent basic cardiac assessment and CMR including functional imaging, native and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging.

Results
All IBM patients reported no cardiac symptoms. Echocardiography was normal in 16/17 IBM patients. In CMR, IBM patients had normal ejection fractions (mean LVEF 63 ± 7%) and ventricular mass. They had reduced left (mean 55 versus 88 ml) and right ventricular stroke volumes (mean 54 versus 86 ml) and increased early myocardial enhancement (pathological T1 Ratio in 44% versus 5%), as compared to age- and gender-matched controls. Since arterial hypertension was more often observed in IBM patients, hypertensive heart disease can also be causative for these changes. Late gadolinium enhancement did not differ statistically from healthy controls. There was no apparent association between elevated biomarkers, echocardiography and CMR.

Conclusion
CMR revealed subtle changes in cardiac geometry and tissue characterization in IBM patients when compared to a gender- and age-matched control group. Findings in CMR indicated a higher extent of diffuse myocardial fibrosis as well as smaller left ventricular stroke volumes. These alterations may be due to a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension in the IBM cohort.
A proposed tailored investigational algorithm for women treated for gynaecological cancer with long-term gastrointestinal consequences
Authors: Muls Ann , Taylor Alexandra , Lalondrelle Susan , Kabir Mohammed , Norton Christine , Hart Ailsa , Andreyev H. Jervoise 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background and aim
Long-term changes in gastrointestinal function impacting quality of life after treatment for cancer are common. Peer reviewed guidance to investigate and manage GI dysfunction following cancer treatment has been published. This study reviewed gastrointestinal symptoms of women previously treated for gynaecological cancer and considered whether suggested algorithms could be amended to optimise management for this cohort.

Methods
Demographic and clinical data recorded for patients attending a specialist consequences of cancer treatment gastroenterology service prospectively are reported using median and range. The Wilcoxon signed rank test analysed changes in symptoms between initial assessment to discharge from the service.

Results
Between April 2013 and March 2016, 220 women, with a median age of 57 years (range 24–83 years), treated for gynaecological cancer (cervical (50%)), endometrial (28%), ovarian (15%), vaginal or vulval (7%) attended. Twelve gastrointestinal symptoms were statistically significantly reduced by time of discharge from the specialist gastroenterology clinic including bowel frequency ≥ 4/day (88%), type 6 or 7 stool consistency (36%), urgency (31%) and incontinence (21%). General quality of life improved from a median score of 4 at first assessment to a median of 6 at discharge (p < 0.001). A median of four (range, 1–9) diagnoses were made.

Conclusion
Women with gastrointestinal symptoms after cancer treatment benefit from a systematic management approach. After excluding disease recurrence, a proposed investigational algorithm and the oncology team includes FBC, U&Es, LFTs, thyroid function test, vitamin B12, vitamin D, a hydrogen methane breath test and a SeHCAT scan. If rectal bleeding is present, iron studies, flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy should be performed. Patients with normal investigations or symptoms not responding to treatment require gastroenterology input.
Recent advances in chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer: evidence from Japan and recommendations in guidelines
Authors: Okusaka Takuji , Furuse Junji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer continues to remain dismal, even though numerous trials have been conducted to establish more effective therapies in Japan and throughout the world. Recent advances in treatment have been characterized by the use of novel combinations of conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies. Especially in Japan, S-1 has become one of the most widely used cytotoxic agents for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, after clinical evidence was established of the survival benefit offered by this drug for patients with resectable or unresectable pancreatic cancer. Unfortunately, with the exception of erlotinib, no targeted treatment strategies have been approved for pancreatic cancer. However, following an increase in interest in drug development in recent years, proactive attempts have been made to develop new therapeutic strategies, including neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic cancer, multi-agent combination chemotherapy for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer, and therapies with new targeted agents or immuno-oncologic agents for patients with pancreatic cancer bearing specific gene mutations.
Long-term clinical outcome of the Charité III total lumbar disc replacement
Authors: Kitzen J. , Schotanus M. G. M. , van Kuijk S. M. J. , Jutten E. M. C. , Kort N. P. , van Rhijn L. W. , Willems P. C. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the long-term clinical results and complications of two revision strategies for patients with failed total disc replacements (TDRs).

Methods
In 19 patients, the TDR was removed and the intervertebral defect was filled with a femoral head bone strut graft. In addition, instrumented posterolateral fusion was performed (removal group). In 36 patients, only a posterolateral instrumented fusion was performed (fusion group). Visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were completed pre- and post-revision surgery. Intra- and post-operative complications of both revision strategies were assessed.

Results
The median follow-up was 12.3 years (range 5.3–24.3). In both the removal and fusion group, a similar (p = 0.515 and p = 0419, respectively) but significant decrease in VAS- (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) and ODI-score (p = 0.033 and p = 0.013, respectively) at post-revision surgery compared to pre-revision surgery was seen. A clinically relevant improvement in VAS- and ODI-score was found in 62.5% and 43.8% in the removal group and in 43.5% and 39.1% in the fusion group (p = 0.242 and p = 0.773, respectively). Removal of the TDR was associated with substantial intra-operative complications such as major vessel bleeding and ureter lesion. The percentage of late reoperations for complications such as pseudarthrosis was comparable for both revision strategies.

Conclusions
Revision of a failed TDR is clinically beneficial in about half of the patients. No clear benefits for additional TDR removal as compared to posterolateral instrumented fusion alone could be identified. Particularly, when considering the substantial risks and complications, great caution is warranted with removal of the TDR.

Graphic abstract
These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
On longitudinal electromagnetic stirring in the continuous casting of steel blooms
Authors: Nick A. S. , Vynnycky M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRecent work highlighting an anomaly in the modelling of rotary electromagnetic stirring (EMS) in the continuous casting of round steel billets is extended to the case of longitudinal stirring for rectangular blooms. An earlier, still often-cited, model forms the basis of the current analysis, which uses asymptotic methods on the three-dimensional (3D) Maxwell equations and demonstrates how the earlier result for the components of the Lorentz force is but a particular case of a more general form. Time-dependent 3D computations using finite-element methods are also performed to verify the validity of the asymptotic analysis, and the relevance of the results to modulated EMS is noted.
Lagrangian Averaged Stochastic Advection by Lie Transport for Fluids
Authors: Drivas Theodore D. , Holm Darryl D. , Leahy James-Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe formulate a class of stochastic partial differential equations based on Kelvin’s circulation theorem for ideal fluids. In these models, the velocity field is randomly transported by white-noise vector fields, as well as by its own average over realizations of this noise. We call these systems the Lagrangian averaged stochastic advection by Lie transport (LA SALT) equations. These equations are nonlinear and non-local, in both physical and probability space. Before taking this average, the equations recover the Stochastic Advection by Lie Transport (SALT) fluid equations introduced by Holm (Proc R Soc A 471(2176):20140963, 2015). Remarkably, the introduction of the non-locality in probability space in the form of momentum transported by its own mean velocity gives rise to a closed equation for the expectation field which comprises Navier–Stokes equations with Lie–Laplacian ‘dissipation’. As such, this form of non-locality provides a regularization mechanism. The formalism we develop is closely connected to the stochastic Weber velocity framework of Constantin and Iyer (Commun Pure Appl Math 61(3):330–345, 2008) in the case when the noise correlates are taken to be the constant basis vectors in $$\mathbb {R}^3$$

R

3

and, thus, the Lie–Laplacian reduces to the usual Laplacian. We extend this class of equations to allow for advected quantities to be present and affect the flow through exchange of kinetic and potential energies. The statistics of the solutions for the LA SALT fluid equations are found to be changing dynamically due to an array of intricate correlations among the physical variables. The statistical properties of the LA SALT physical variables propagate as local evolutionary equations which when spatially integrated become dynamical equations for the variances of the fluctuations. Essentially, the LA SALT theory is a non-equilibrium stochastic linear response theory for fluctuations in SALT fluids with advected quantities.
CO2 mineralization by burnt oil shale and cement bypass dust: effect of operating temperature and pre-treatment
Authors: Yörük Can Rüstü , Uibu Mai , Usta Mustafa Cem , Kaljuvee Tiit , Trikkel Andres 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe alkaline wastes such as burnt oil shale (BOS) and cement bypass dust (BPD) generally contain free lime and portlandite which make them suitable sorbent materials for CO2 trapping via mineral carbonation technique of carbon capture and sequestration. In order to study the reaction kinetics and effect of operating parameters on carbonation processes of such alkaline wastes for future industrial sized scale-ups, as well as to identify the effects on carbonation capacity when these sorbents undergo pre-treatment and are exposed to different temperatures, BOS and BPD as sorbents in CO2 mineralization process have been investigated with thermal analysis methods in the current work. Results indicate that selected types of BOS and BPD could be used as binders in the CO2 mineralization systems, binding reasonably good amount of CO2 already in the early stage of the carbonation process which later slows down as the rate of CaO carbonation becomes mainly diffusion controlled. Increased process temperature and hydration as pre-treatment improve the CO2 binding ability, while the effect of milling has been found to be staggering and not as significant as the effect of hydration and temperature rise. The appropriate kinetic mechanism functions were determined, and the kinetic parameters—activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (A) values were calculated for all the samples. The Ea values of hydrated samples are lower for BOS samples compared to non-hydrated samples. It was shown that activation by hydration enables to reach the same CO2 uptake levels at lower temperatures, thereby making the mineralization process more energy efficient and thus lowering the costs.
Sustaining Programs: Lessons Learned from Former Federal Grantees
Authors: Warner Alexandra , Bennett Nicole , Asheer Subuhi , Alamillo Julia , Keating Betsy , Knab Jean 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Introduction
A common concern of federal funders and grant recipients is how to sustain program activities once their federal funding period ends. Federal funding can be intended to develop or seed a program but not necessarily to continue its activities indefinitely. Understanding the importance of programmatic sustainability, the Office of Population Affairs (OPA) conducted research in 2015 on the elements that contribute to sustainability. As part of the Sustainability Study, OPA collected information from former Pregnancy Assistance Fund (PAF) program grantees.

Methods
Grantees that were awarded cohort 1 PAF program funding (2010–2014) but not awarded cohort 2 funding (2014–2017) were eligible for study inclusion because their OPA funding ended more than 1 year prior to the Sustainability Study, allowing for an assessment of sustainability after federal funding. Seven former PAF grantees were identified as eligible. Interviews were conducted with six of these grantees; grant applications and interim final reports from all seven were reviewed.

Results
Five lessons emerged from interviews and review of grant documentation. Programs successfully continuing beyond the federal grant period tended to (1) diversify funding sources, (2) communicate regularly with key stakeholders, (3) form partnerships with like-minded programs, (4) consider implementing evidence-based interventions, and (5) begin planning for sustainability early.

Discussion
By considering these lessons learned from the research, grantees can be well positioned to continue beyond a federal grant period. The lessons garnered from the Sustainability Study have informed, expanded, and affirmed OPA’s sustainability toolkit, sustainability framework, and technical assistance.
Resilienz – Geschichte, Modelle und Anwendung
Authors: Thun-Hohenstein Leonhard , Lampert Kerstin , Altendorfer-Kling Ulrike 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag der Zeitschrift für Psychodrama und Soziometrie wird der Begriff der Resilienz beschrieben, eine zusammenfassende Definition gegeben und seine Anwendung dargestellt. Es werden die Resilienzfaktoren und verschiedene Modelle mit dem Versuch, eine vereinheitlichte Zusammenschau zu geben, beschrieben. Auf die Nutzung des Resilienzbegriffes im Psychodrama wird ebenfalls eingegangen. Zuletzt wird auch eine kritische Sichtweise auf die Anwendung des Modells in die Diskussion einbezogen.
Topographic and lithologic controls behind mountain depopulation in Zlatibor District (Western Serbia)
Authors: Telbisz Tamás , Brankov Jovana , Ćalić Jelena 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMountain depopulation is a worldwide phenomenon observed in all continents. It has varied socio-economic reasons; among others, the low profitability of traditional agriculture, the better job possibilities and the higher level of services in urban settlements. However, it is often recognized that depopulation is related to natural factors such as elevation, slope or lithology. It is also observed that protected areas are frequently established in depopulated mountain regions. Their primary aim is the conservation of nature, but they may help tourism development as well. Tourism, in turn, may slow down or even reverse the process of depopulation. In this study, we investigate the impact of topographic and lithologic factors, namely of karst settings, on mountain demographic processes and the relationship of protected areas and tourism through the example of the northern part of Zlatibor District (Western Serbia). The study area is characterized by mountains and hills at elevations from 200 to 1600 m a.s.l. Our aim is to find GIS-based statistical relationships between topographic, lithologic factors and demographic characteristics. In this area, mountain depopulation started after WWII, and we proved that this process was strongly controlled by topographic factors. The higher and more dissected the area, the more significant is the decrease of the population and the more advanced is the ageing. As a result, population density contrasts are much more pronounced now than 70 years ago. After WWII, depopulation and ageing became gradually more serious on karstic terrains than on non-karst. However, by using compound topographic and lithologic types, we proved that it is not the effect of karst, but the effect of topography. The flow of population from hills and mountains to valleys and basins are closely related to the restructuring of the economic sectors. At present, for the study area, the development of tourism is unequivocally nature-based and connected to protected areas, namely to Tara National Park, Zlatibor Nature Park and Šargan-Mokra Gora Nature Park. In this paper, we also demonstrate how lithology influences tourism possibilities. The leading role of Zlatibor in tourism development is largely thanks to its favourable position on a main transit route.
Victimized State and Visionary Leader? Questioning China’s Approach to Human Security in Africa
Authors: Hwang Yih-Jye , Black Lindsay 
Published: January 2020

AbstractOver the past decades, numerous critiques have emerged of China’s policy towards Africa. These critiques perceive China as a mercantilist or neocolonial power seeking to dominate the African continent through land grabs, exploitative trade deals, and resource extraction. These critiques do however not consider how the Chinese government has attempted to justify its aid policy towards Africa in ways that claim to secure human beings. Though the Chinese government has not officially adopted the concept of human security, it has engaged with the concept and developed its own interpretation of how human beings should be secured. This interpretation is based on the depiction of China as a state victimized through imperialism that has emerged in the twenty-first century as a global power with visionary ideas. Accordingly, Chinese policymakers believe they can offer an alternative model to Western interventions, imposition of neoliberal economic doctrine, and emphasis on democratization and human rights. In Africa, though China’s vision has generated benefits for some, it has also victimized others. China needs to critically reflect on and adapt its developmental vision if it truly intends to help human beings overcome the myriad challenges they face in their daily lives.
Worth the Weight? Recent Trends in Obstetric Practices, Gestational Age, and Birth Weight in the United States
Authors: Tilstra Andrea M. , Masters Ryan K. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBirth weight in the United States declined substantially during the 1990s and 2000s. We suggest that the declines were likely due to shifts in gestational age resulting from changes in obstetric practices. Using restricted National Vital Statistics System data linked birth/infant death data for 1990–2013, we analyze trends in obstetric practices, gestational age distributions, and birth weights among first-birth singletons born to U.S. non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Latina women. We use life table techniques to analyze the joint probabilities of gestational age-specific birth and gestational age-specific obstetric intervention (i.e., induced cesarean delivery, induced vaginal delivery, not-induced cesarean delivery, and not-induced vaginal delivery) to fully document trends in obstetric practices by gestational age. We use simulation techniques to estimate counterfactual changes in birth weight distributions if obstetric practices did not change between 1990 and 2013. Results show that between 1990 and 2013, the likelihood of induced labors and cesarean deliveries increased at all gestational ages, and the gestational age distribution of U.S. births significantly shifted. Births became much less likely to occur beyond gestational week 40 and much more likely to occur during weeks 37–39. Overall, nearly 18% of births from not-induced labor and vaginal delivery at later gestational ages were replaced with births occurring at earlier gestational ages from obstetric interventions. Results suggest that if rates of obstetric practices had not changed between 1990 and 2013, then the average U.S. birth weight would have increased over this time. Findings strongly indicate that recent declines in U.S. birth weight were due to increases in induced labor and cesarean delivery at select gestational ages.
Genetic and taxonomic assessment of the widespread Afrotropical ambrosia beetle Xyleborus principalis (Coleoptera, Scolytinae)
Authors: Jordal Bjarte , Tischer Marta 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe taxonomy of the widespread Afrotropical ambrosia beetleXyleborus principalisEichhoff, 1878 is reviewed based on morphological and molecular data. The species is both morphologically and genetically variable but without any structure corresponding to geography, or between genes and morphology. Examination of type material and other specimens collected across Africa and Madagascar documented the existence of a single species. New synonymies are proposed forXyleborus principalis(=X. alluaudiSchaufuss, 1897, =X. camerunusHagedorn, 1910, =X. consobrinusEggers, 1932, =X. discrepansSchedl, 1950, =X. annectensSchedl, 1957, =X. peramploidesSchedl, 1957).
Implications of Alternative Crop Insurance Subsidies
Authors: Maisashvili Aleksandre , Bryant Henry L. , Jones Jason P.H. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn this research, we analyze the economic effects across various crop insurance subsidy and policy scenarios to determine producer insurance choice response, total premium and subsidy payments and study their economic implications on dryland corn, soybean, and winter wheat producers. We rely on the expected utility maximization framework to rank policy combination sets that are available to a typical producer to analyze the impacts of crop insurance subsidy changes and elimination of certain insurance policies across the three crops. Several scenarios were analyzed across subsidy and policy options and were found to have noticeably different farmer behavioral responses and economic implications.
The forgotten exotic tapeworms: a review of uncommon zoonotic Cyclophyllidea
Authors: Sapp Sarah G. H. , Bradbury Richard S. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAs training in helminthology has declined in the medical microbiology curriculum, many rare species of zoonotic cestodes have fallen into obscurity. Even among specialist practitioners, knowledge of human intestinal cestode infections is often limited to three genera,Taenia,HymenolepisandDibothriocephalus. However, five genera of uncommonly encountered zoonotic Cyclophyllidea (Bertiella,Dipylidium,Raillietina,InermicapsiferandMesocestoides) may also cause patent intestinal infections in humans worldwide. Due to the limited availability of summarized and taxonomically accurate data, such cases may present a diagnostic dilemma to clinicians and laboratories alike. In this review, historical literature on these cestodes is synthesized and knowledge gaps are highlighted. Clinically relevant taxonomy, nomenclature, life cycles, morphology of human-infecting species are discussed and clarified, along with the clinical presentation, diagnostic features and molecular advances, where available. Due to the limited awareness of these agents and identifying features, it is difficult to assess the true incidence of these ‘forgotten’ cestodiases as clinical misidentifications are likely to occur. Also, the taxonomic status of many of the human-infecting species of these tapeworms is unclear, hampering accurate species identification. Further studies combining molecular data and morphological observations are necessary to resolve these long-standing taxonomic issues and to elucidate other unknown aspects of transmission and ecology.