bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlations of Single-Leg Performance Tests to Patient-Reported Outcomes After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Roe Chelsey , Jacobs Cale , Kline Paul , Lucas Kathryn , Johnson Darren , Ireland Mary L. , Lattermann Christian , Noehren Brian 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
To determine the relationship between patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to the single-leg step-down test (SLSD) and the Y-balance anterior reach (YB-A) 6 months after primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Design:
Cross-sectional.

Setting:
Laboratory.

Participants:
Sixty-six patients 6 months after ACLR participated.

Interventions:
Patients performed the SLSD, YB-A, and completed PROs after ACLR.

Main Outcome Measures:
Patients completed the International Knee Documentation Committee Score (IKDC), the Lysholm Activity Scale, the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11), and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)–Symptom, –Sport, and –Quality of Life (QOL) subscales. The SLSD requires subjects to complete as many single-leg step-downs as possible in 60 seconds, and the YB-A involves reaching anteriorly on a single limb. Pearson product moment correlations were used to assess relationships between the YB-A and SLSD performance to each PRO.

Results:
Single-leg step-down test symmetry was significantly correlated with the TSK-11 (r = −0.70), KOOS-Sport (r = 0.40), -Symptom (r = 0.46), and -QOL (r = 0.42). The YB-A symmetry was significantly correlated with the KOOS-Symptom (r = 0.30) and KOOS-Sport (r = 0.30).

Conclusions:
Single-leg step-down test performance demonstrated stronger relationships to patient-reported knee function than the YB-A. Furthermore, the SLSD symmetry was strongly correlated with fear of movement. The SLSD provides a robust method for clinicians to assess dynamic knee function and may aid in identifying patients who could benefit from intervention to reduce fear of movement or reinjury.
Safety and Impact on Training of the Influenza Vaccines in Elite Athletes Participating in the Rio 2016 Olympics
Authors: Krzywański Jarosław , Kuchar Ernest , Pokrywka Andrzej , Mikulski Tomasz , Pilchowska Iwona , Młyńczak Marcel , Krysztofiak Hubert , Jurczyk Janusz , Ziemba Andrzej , Nitsch-Osuch Aneta 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and tolerance of influenza vaccines for the northern and southern hemispheres in Polish elite athletes participating in the Rio 2016 Olympics.

Design:
Prospective, observational, cohort study.

Setting:
Institutional level.

Participants:
Ninety-seven athletes vaccinated only with the northern hemisphere vaccine; 98 athletes received the southern hemisphere vaccine alone, whereas 39 athletes were vaccinated with both vaccines.

Interventions:
The athletes were vaccinated with a trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccine recommended for the northern hemisphere 2015/2016 and then with the vaccine recommended for the southern hemisphere 2016. Athletes kept a diary of adverse events and effects (if any) on training for 6 days after vaccination.

Main Outcome Measures:
The percentage of general and local adverse events, number of lost or modified training sessions.

Results:
Significantly more local adverse events (pain and redness) were found in the group immunized with the vaccine for the northern hemisphere. There were no differences in the frequency of general adverse events and influence on training between groups. Of total 273 athletes who had 1911 training days during 6 days after vaccination, 6 athletes (2.2%) lost 13 training days (0.7%) and 16 athletes (5.9%) had to modify 34 (1.7%) training days within first 2 days after vaccination.

Conclusions:
Athletes tolerated influenza immunization well. If they are going to travel to the other hemisphere during the influenza season, the use of the second influenza vaccine should be advised. Athletes should anticipate modification of trainings for 2 days after vaccination.
Human Cochlear Nucleus on 7 Tesla Diffusion Tensor Imaging: Insights Into Micro-anatomy and Function for Auditory Brainstem Implant Surgery
Authors: Epprecht Lorenz , Qureshi Ahad , Kozin Elliott D. , Vachicouras Nicolas , Huber Alexander M. , Kikinis Ron , Makris Nikos , Brown M. Christian , Reinshagen Katherine L. , Lee Daniel J. 
Published: February 2020

Objective:
The cochlear nucleus (CN) is the target of the auditory brainstem implant (ABI). Most ABI candidates have Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2) and distorted brainstem anatomy from bilateral vestibular schwannomas. The CN is difficult to characterize as routine structural MRI does not resolve detailed anatomy. We hypothesize that diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) enables both in vivo localization and quantitative measurements of CN morphology.

Study Design:
We analyzed 7 Tesla (T) DTI images of 100 subjects (200 CN) and relevant anatomic structures using an MRI brainstem atlas with submillimetric (50 μm) resolution.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Young healthy normal hearing adults.

Intervention:
Diagnostic.

Main Outcome Measures:
Diffusion scalar measures such as fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), mode of anisotropy (Mode), principal eigenvectors of the CN, and the adjacent inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP).

Results:
The CN had a lamellar structure and ventral-dorsal fiber orientation and could be localized lateral to the inferior cerebellar peduncle (ICP). This fiber orientation was orthogonal to tracts of the adjacent ICP where the fibers run mainly caudal-rostrally. The CN had lower FA compared to the medial aspect of the ICP (0.44 ± 0.09 vs. 0.64 ± 0.08, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
7T DTI enables characterization of human CN morphology and neuronal substructure. An ABI array insertion vector directed more caudally would better correspond to the main fiber axis of CN. State-of-the-art DTI has implications for ABI preoperative planning and future image guidance-assisted placement of the electrode array.
Management of Occult Contralateral Inguinal Hernia: Diagnosis and Treatment With Laparoscopic Totally Extra Peritoneal Repair
Authors: Kara Halil , Arikan Akif E. , Dülgeroğlu Onur , Moldur Derya E. , Uras Cihan 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Up to 33% risk of occult contralateral inguinal hernia has been reported. This study aims to evaluate diagnostic and treatment modalities in the case of occult contralateral hernia and the role of ultrasonography (USG).

Materials and Methods:
Patients who had undergone inguinal hernia repair between 2009 and 2018 were studied retrospectively. The detection rate of occult inguinal hernia by USG and results of laparoscopic totally extra peritoneal repair (TEP) were evaluated.

Results:
Of 295 patients, USG was performed to the contralateral site in 80 with clinically unilateral hernia and occult hernia was detected in 44 (55%). Bilateral TEP was performed for these patients. There was no recurrence and no significant complication.

Conclusions:
As it is noninvasive, easily accessible and has high sensitivity, USG is recommended in diagnosis. In the case of occult contralateral inguinal hernia, bilateral TEP is considered as a safe procedure. Thus, the need for a second operation and related complications can be prevented. We recommend routine USG to detect whether contralateral occult inguinal hernia is present.
The gut microbiome distinguishes mortality in trauma patients upon admission to the emergency department
Authors: Burmeister David M. , Johnson Taylor R. , Lai Zhao , Scroggins Shannon R. , DeRosa Mark , Jonas Rachelle B. , Zhu Caroline , Scherer Elizabeth , Stewart Ronald M. , Schwacha Martin G. , Jenkins Donald H. , Eastridge Brian J. , Nicholson Susannah E. 
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND
Traumatic injury can lead to a compromised intestinal epithelial barrier, decreased gut perfusion, and inflammation. While recent studies indicate that the gut microbiome (GM) is altered early following traumatic injury, the impact of GM changes on clinical outcomes remains unknown. Our objective of this follow-up study was to determine if the GM is associated with clinical outcomes in critically injured patients.

METHODS
We conducted a prospective, observational study in adult patients (N = 67) sustaining severe injury admitted to a level I trauma center. Fecal specimens were collected on admission to the emergency department, and microbial DNA from all samples was analyzed using the Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology pipeline and compared against the Greengenes database. α-Diversity and β-diversity were estimated using the observed species metrics and analyzed with t tests and permutational analysis of variance for overall significance, with post hoc pairwise analyses.

RESULTS
Our patient population consisted of 63% males with a mean age of 44 years. Seventy-eight percent of the patients suffered blunt trauma with 22% undergoing penetrating injuries. The mean body mass index was 26.9 kg/m2. Significant differences in admission β-diversity were noted by hospital length of stay, intensive care unit hospital length of stay, number of days on the ventilator, infections, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (p < 0.05). β-Diversity on admission differed in patients who died compared with patients who lived (mean time to death, 8 days). There were also significantly less operational taxonomic units in samples from patients who died versus those who survived. A number of species were enriched in the GM of injured patients who died, which included some traditionally probiotic species such as Akkermansia muciniphilia, Oxalobacter formigenes, and Eubacterium biforme (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION
Gut microbiome diversity on admission in severely injured patients is predictive of a variety of clinically important outcomes. While our study does not address causality, the GM of trauma patients may provide valuable diagnostic and therapeutic targets for the care of injured patients.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and epidemiological, level III.
Rapid and real-time identification of fungi up to the species level with long amplicon Nanopore sequencing from clinical samples
Authors: D’Andreano Sara , Cuscó Anna , Francino Olga 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTThe availability of long-read technologies, like Oxford Nanopore Technologies, provides the opportunity to sequence longer fragments of the fungal ribosomal operon, up to 6 Kb (18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S), and to improve the taxonomy assignment of the communities up to the species level and in real-time. We assess the taxonomy skills of amplicons targeting a 3.5 Kb region (V3 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S D2) and a 6 Kb region (V1 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-28S D12) with the What’s in my pot (WIMP) classifier. We used the ZymoBIOMICS™ mock community and different microbiological fungal cultures as positive controls. Long amplicon sequencing correctly identifiedSaccharomyces cerevisiaeandCryptococcus neoformansfrom the mock community andMalassezia pachydermatis, Microsporum canis, andAspergillus fumigatusfrom the microbiological cultures. Besides, we identifiedRhodotorula graminisin a culture mislabeled asCandidaspp.We applied the same approach to external otitis in dogs.Malasseziawas the dominant fungal genus in dogs’ ear skin, whereasM. pachydermatiswas the main species in the healthy sample. Conversely, we identified a higher representation ofM. globosaandM. sympodialisin otitis affected samples. We demonstrate the suitability of long ribosomal amplicons to characterize the fungal community of complex samples, either healthy or with clinical signs of infection.
Shape matters: the relationship between cell geometry and diversity in phytoplankton
Authors: Ryabov Alexey , Kerimoglu Onur , Litchman Elena , Olenina Irina , Roselli Leonilde , Basset Alberto , Stanca Elena , Blasius Bernd 
Published: February 2020

AbstractSize and shape profoundly influence an organism’s ecophysiological performance and evolutionary fitness, suggesting a link between morphology and diversity. However, not much is known about how body shape is related to taxonomic richness, especially in microbes. Here we analyse global datasets of unicellular marine phytoplankton, a major group of primary producers with an exceptional diversity of cell sizes and shapes and, additionally, heterotrophic protists. Using two measures of cell shape elongation, we quantify taxonomic diversity as a function of cell size and shape. We find that cells of intermediate volume have the greatest shape variation, from oblate to extremely elongated forms, while small and large cells are mostly compact (e.g., spherical or cubic). Taxonomic diversity is strongly related to cell elongation and cell volume, together explaining up to 92% of total variance. Taxonomic diversity decays exponentially with cell elongation and displays a log-normal dependence on cell volume, peaking for intermediate-volume cells with compact shapes. These previously unreported broad patterns in phytoplankton diversity reveal selective pressures and ecophysiological constraints on the geometry of phytoplankton cells which may improve our understanding of marine ecology and the evolutionary rules of life.
Cellular heterogeneity of the LH receptor and its significance for cyclic GMP signaling in mouse preovulatory follicles
Authors: Baena Valentina , Owen Corie M. , Uliasz Tracy F. , Lowther Katie M. , Yee Siu-Pok , Terasaki Mark , Egbert Jeremy R. , Jaffe Laurinda A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractMeiotic arrest and resumption in mammalian oocytes are regulated by two opposing signaling proteins in the cells of the surrounding follicle: the guanylyl cyclase NPR2, and the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR). NPR2 maintains a meiosis-inhibitory level of cyclic GMP (cGMP) until LHR signaling causes dephosphorylation of NPR2, reducing NPR2 activity, lowering cGMP to a level that releases meiotic arrest. However, the signaling pathway between LHR activation and NPR2 dephosphorylation remains incompletely understood, due in part to imprecise information about the cellular localization of these two proteins. To investigate their localization, we generated mouse lines in which HA epitope tags were added to the endogenous LHR and NPR2 proteins, and used immunofluorescence and immunogold microscopy to localize these proteins with high resolution. The results showed that the LHR protein is absent from the cumulus cells and inner mural granulosa cells, and is present in only 13-48% of the outer mural granulosa cells. In contrast, NPR2 is present throughout the follicle, and is more concentrated in the cumulus cells. Less than 20% of the NPR2 is in the same cells that express the LHR. These results suggest that to account for the LH-induced inactivation of NPR2, LHR-expressing cells send a signal that inactivates NPR2 in neighboring cells that do not express the LHR. An inhibitor of gap junction permeability attenuates the LH-induced cGMP decrease in the outer mural granulosa cells, consistent with this mechanism contributing to how NPR2 is inactivated in cells that do not express the LHR.
Bacteriophage SP01 Gene Product 56 (gp56) InhibitsBacillus subtilisCell Division by Interacting with DivIC/FtsL to Prevent Pbp2B/FtsW Recruitment
Authors: Bhambhani Amit , Iadicicco Isabella , Lee Jules , Ahmed Syed , Belfatto Max , Held David , Marconi Alexia , Parks Aaron , Stewart Charles R. , Margolin William , Levin Petra Anne , Haeusser Daniel P. 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACTPrevious work identified gp56, encoded by the lytic bacteriophage SP01, as responsible for inhibition ofBacillus subtiliscell division during its infection. Assembly of the essential tubulin-like protein FtsZ into a ring-shaped structure at the nascent site of cytokinesis determines the timing and position of division in most bacteria. This FtsZ ring serves as a scaffold for recruitment of other proteins into a mature division-competent structure permitting membrane constriction and septal cell wall synthesis. Here we show that expression of the predicted 9.3-kDa gene product 56 (gp56) of SP01 inhibits latter stages ofB. subtiliscell division without altering FtsZ ring assembly. GFP-tagged gp56 localizes to the membrane at the site of division. While its localization permits recruitment of early division proteins, gp56 interferes with the recruitment of late division proteins, including Pbp2b and FtsW. Imaging of cells with specific division components deleted or depleted and two-hybrid analysis suggest that gp56 localization and activity depends on its interaction with mid-recruited proteins DivIC and/or FtsL. Together these data support a model where gp56 interacts with a central part of the division machinery to disrupt late recruitment of the division proteins involved in septal cell wall synthesis.IMPORTANCEResearch over the past decades has uncovered bacteriophage-encoded factors that interfere with host cell shape or cytokinesis during viral infection. Phage factors that cause cell filamentation that have been investigated to date all act by targeting FtsZ, the conserved prokaryotic tubulin homolog that composes the cytokinetic ring in most bacteria and some groups of archaea. However, the mechanism of several identified phage factors that inhibit cytokinesis remain unexplored, including gp56 of bacteriophage SP01 ofBacillus subtilis. Here, we show that unlike related published examples of phage inhibition of cyotkinesis, gp56 blocksB. subtiliscell division without targeting FtsZ. Rather, it utilizes the assembled FtsZ cytokinetic ring to localize to the division machinery and block recruitment of proteins needed for the septal cell wall synthesis.
Performance management of an externally imposed programme: a Malaysian case study
Authors: Siti-Nabiha A.K. , Jeyaram Sangita , Jalaludin Dayana 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThis paper investigates how an externally imposed programme with the objective of improving the income of the poor is measured and managed by a public agency in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative case study approach is used in this research. The data were collected over a three-year period with interviews conducted with key officers at various levels ranging from the Ministry to the agency responsible for implementing the programme.FindingsThe introduction of the programme into the organisation's activity was loosely coupled, reflected by the way in which the programme was being implemented. There was some inter-dependency between the three hierarchical levels in terms of their performance measures and targets, responsibilities and reporting. There were no significant changes to the organisation's practices and weak linkages between the programme's objective, the formulation of indicators and the way the information was used in performance assessment. The lack of integration of the programme resulted in high importance being attached to measurement and reporting, rather than focusing on the achievement of the programme objective.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to understanding the performance management issue regarding the vertical and horizontal coupling of a system in relation to an externally derived programme.
“We need to slowly break down this barrier”: understanding the barriers and facilitators that Afro-Caribbean undergraduates perceive towards accessing mental health services in the UK
Authors: Sancho Tamara Nadine , Larkin Michael 
Published: February 2020

Purpose
Undergraduates are highly susceptible to the development of mental health difficulties. Afro-Caribbean students are particularly vulnerable to the pressures of university yet are less likely than other ethnic groups to receive early intervention. This paper aims to understand the barriers and facilitators that Afro-Caribbean undergraduates perceive towards accessing mental health services in the UK.

Design/methodology/approach
Critical Incident Technique was used as the qualitative method because it explores the critical factors that contribute to or detract from a specific experience. Seventeen Afro-Caribbean undergraduates participated in five focus groups. This involved engaging in a novel psychosocial activity that incorporated vignettes to encourage the identification of barriers and facilitators to service access. The data were analysed thematically to generate categories of critical incidents and wish-list items.

Findings
Analysis revealed rich data from a sub-group rarely researched within UK literature. Fifteen barriers, eleven facilitators and five wish-list items were identified. The importance of mental health literacy, social networks, cultural sensitivity and concerns surrounding services underpinned many categories.

Originality/value
Findings provide a new perspective on barriers reported in previous literature. Novel facilitators were highlighted where, although psychological and sociocultural factors were deemed valuable, structural changes were most desired. Recommended changes illustrate innovative interventions that could make services accessible for young adult Afro-Caribbean populations. Future research should explore the barriers and facilitators identified by Afro-Caribbean undergraduates across various universities who have successfully accessed and engaged with services. This could provide a holistic perspective on viable facilitators enabling access despite the presence of barriers.
Guanxi HRM practices and employee creative performance
Authors: Yang Chen , Yang Fu 
Published: February 2020

PurposeThe current study examines the relation of guanxi human resource management (HRM) practices with subjective evaluations of creative performance by direct supervisors, as well as conceptualizes the employee ambidextrous behavior as a mediator, and social comparison orientation and leader–member exchange (LMX) as moderators for understanding the relation.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were collected from 211 employee–supervisor dyads in China. Hierarchical regression analyses, Preacher and Hayes’ (2008) indirect effects PROCESS macro, and Preacheret al.'s (2007) moderated mediation analysis approach were conducted to test the hypothesized relationships.FindingsGuanxi HRM practices were negatively associated with employee creative performance, mediated by the employee ambidextrous behavior. The authors also found that social comparison orientation showed a strong moderating effect, such that it amplified the indirect relationship between guanxi HRM practices and employee creative performance via ambidextrous behavior. In contrast, LMX showed a weak moderating effect, such that it attenuated this indirect relationship.Originality/valueThis study provides evidence that the extent to which employee ambidextrous behavior mediates the relationship between guanxi HRM practices and creative performance depends on LMX and social comparison orientation. It represents a promising new direction for the guanxi HRM practices and creative performance literatures.