bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early and Midterm Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement with Balloon-Expandable Versus Self-Expanding Valves: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xin-Lin , Zhang Xiao-Wen , Wei Zhong-Hai , Kang Li-Na , Lan Rong-Fang , Chen Jian-Zhou , Xie Jun , Wang Lian , Xu Wei , Xu Biao 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe comparative performances of transcatheter aortic-valve replacement (TAVR) with balloon-expandable valves (BEV) and self-expanding valves (SEV) in severe aortic stenosis remain unclear.PurposeTo compare the early (30-day) and midterm (1-year) mortality and cardiovascular outcomes of BEV with SEV.Data SourcesPubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception until February 13, 2020.Study Selection3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 12 propensity-score matched (PSM) studies, with 37,958 patients.Data Extraction2 reviewers independently extracted study data and rated study quality. Data Synthesis: Compared with SEV, BEV was associated with significantly lower mortality at 30 days (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.71–0.83, P<0.00001, I2=0) and a trend toward lower mortality at 1 year (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78–1.00, P=0.05, I2=15.8%), mainly driven from PSM studies, but regardless of valve generations and SEV types. 30-day and 1-year cardiovascular mortality, 30-day incidences of moderate to severe paravavular leak, procedural contrast agent volume and procedure time were lower, but transvalvular pressure gradient was higher in BEV than SEV. 30-day incidences of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI), acute kidney injury, stroke, major bleeding, major vascular complications and rehospitalization were not statistically different between BEV and SEV. Early-generation SEV was associated with a higher 30-day PPI risk than corresponding BEV comparators. PPI risk was lower in ACURATE neo but higher in Evolut R SEV, both compared with SAPIEN 3 BEV.LimitationsStudy-level but not patient-level data; residual confounders in PSM studies; study designs and patient characteristics were heterogeneous.ConclusionsCompared with SEV, BEV might be associated with lower early and midterm mortality. Results from adequately powered RCTs with long-term follow-up are critically needed to confirm these findings.RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD42020172889).Funding SourceNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NO. 81600312).
Extracellular lipids ofCamelina sativa: Characterization of cutin and suberin reveals typical polyester monomers and novel functionalized dicarboxylic fatty acids
Authors: Razeq Fakhria M. , Kosma Dylan K. , França Débora , Rowland Owen , Molina Isabel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCamelina sativais relatively drought tolerant and requires less fertilizer than other oilseed crops. Various lipid- and phenolic-based extracellular barriers of plants help to protect them against biotic and abiotic stresses. These barriers, which consist of solvent-insoluble polymeric frameworks and solvent-extractable waxes, include the cuticle of aerial plant surfaces and suberized cell walls found, for example, in periderms and seed coat. Cutin, the polymeric matrix of the cuticle, and the aliphatic domain of suberin are fatty acid- and glycerol-based polyesters. These polyesters were investigated by base-catalyzed transesterification ofC. sativaaerial and underground delipidated tissues followed by gas chromatographic analysis of the released monomer mixtures. Seed coat and root suberin had similar compositions, with 18-hydroxyoctadecenoic and 1,18-octadecenedioic fatty acids being the dominant species. Root suberin presented a typical lamellar ultrastructure, but seed coats showed almost imperceptible, faint dark bands. Leaf and stem lipid polyesters were composed of fatty acids (FA), dicarboxylic acids (DCA), ω-hydroxy fatty acids (OHFA) and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (HCA). Dihydroxypalmitate (DHP) and caffeic acid were the major constituents of leaf cutin, whereas stem cutin presented similar molar proportions in several monomers across the four classes. Unlike the leaf cuticle, theC. sativastem cuticle presented lamellar structure by transmission electron microscopy. Flower cutin was dominated by DHP and did not contain aromatics. We found striking differences between the lipid polyester monomer compositions of aerial tissues ofC. sativaand that of its close relativesArabidopsis thalianaandBrassica napus.Graphical AbstractCamelina sativaleaf and stem cutin is dominated by 16:0 dihydroxy fatty acid and aromatics, with dicarboxylic fatty acids representing 20-30 % of the monomers. Suberin of root and seed coat is largely composed of 18:1 dicarboxylic and ω-hydroxy fatty acids.Highlight bullet pointsCamelina sativais an oil crop tolerant to biotic and abiotic stressesExtracellular lipid polyesters may in part confer these attributesDihydroxypalmitate and caffeic acid were major components ofC. sativaleaf cutinFlower cutin lacked aromatics and contained monomers not previously reportedRoot and seed coat suberin was dominated by 18:1 ω-hydroxy and dicarboxylic fatty acidsC18 monounsaturated photo-oxidation products were found in leaf cutin and suberin
Trefoil factor 3 positively associates with IL-25 in patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ortiz-Carpena Jorge F. , Maina Ivy W. , Lin Cailu , Patel Neil N. , Triantafillou Vasiliki , Luu Neil N. , Kohanski Michael A. , Kuan Edward C. , Tong Charles C. L. , Bosso John V. , Adappa Nithin D. , Palmer James N. , Reed Danielle R. , Herbert De’Broski R. , Cohen Noam A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundTrefoil factor family cytokines (TFF1-3) have documented reparative and immunoregulatory effects on mucosal epithelial cells that include: blocking apoptosis, directed cell migration, and regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. TFF1 and TFF3 have been shown to undergo altered expression within sinonasal tissues of patients with various forms of chronic rhinosinusitis including those with or wthout polyp associated disease, but the cellular source(s) of TFF members in CRS remains unclear. To further explore the role of TFF3 in inflammatory sinonasal disease, we sought to determine its expression pattern in immune and non-immune cell types in CRS disease.MethodsPolyp and inferior turbinate tissues were isolated from patients undergoing surgical resection for treatment of CRS. Tissue homogenates and single cell suspensions were subjected to enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and single-cell RNA sequencing. Air liquid interface cultures of sinonasal epithelia were subjected to immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy. Interleukin 25, TFF2 and TFF3 protein levels were compared to sinonasal outcome test scores (SNOT-22) to determine whether levels associated with post-operative outcomes.ResultsTFF3 was broadly expressed in goblet cells, ciliated cells, Tuft cells and T lymphocytes. TFF3 protein levels positively associated with IL-25 in CRSwNP patients. Lastly, TFF3 protein levels positively associated with clinical improvement post-surgery.ConclusionsTFF3 is broadly expressed within multiple epithelial and immune cell lineages in patients with CRSwNP. Protein levels of TFF3 correlate with IL-25 and clinical signs of disease, however TFF3 levels associate with clinical improvement following surgical intervention indicating a potential beneficial role for this reparative cytokine in CRS patients.
Salient Safety Conditioning Improves Novel Discrimination Learning
Authors: Nahmoud I. , Ganay Vasquez J. , Cho H. , Dennis-Tiwary T. , Likhtik E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractGeneralized fear is one purported mechanism of anxiety that is a target of clinical and basic research. Impaired fear discrimination has been primarily examined from the perspective of increased fear learning, rather than how learning about non-threatening stimuli affects fear discrimination. To address this question, we tested how three Safety Conditioning protocols with varied levels of salience allocated to the safety cue compared to classic Fear Conditioning in their impact on subsequent innate anxiety, and differential fear learning of new aversive and neutral cues. Using a high anxiety strain of mice (129SvEv, Taconic), we show that Fear Conditioned animals show little exploration of the anxiogenic center of an open field 24 hours later, and poor discrimination during new differential conditioning 7 days later. Three groups of mice underwent Safety Conditioning, (i) the safety tone was unpaired with a shock, (ii) the safety tone was unpaired with the shock and co-terminated with a house light signaling the end of the safety period, and (iii) the safety tone was unpaired with the shock and its beginning co-occurred with a house light, signaling the start of a safety period. Mice from all Safety Conditioning groups showed higher levels of open field exploration than the Fear Conditioned mice 24 hours after training. Furthermore, Safety Conditioned animals showed improved discrimination learning of a novel non-threat, with the Salient Beginning safety conditioned group performing best. These findings indicate that high anxiety animals benefit from salient safety training to improve exploration and discrimination of new non-threating stimuli.HighlightsSafety training using salient cues improves safety learning in high anxiety miceSalient Safety training improves novel fear discrimination learningSafety training improves exploration in a novel anxiogenic environment
Proteomic analysis identifies the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pdzrn3 as a regulatory target of Wnt5a-Ror signaling
Authors: Konopelski Snavely Sara E. , Susman Michael W. , Kunz Ryan C. , Tan Jia , Srinivasan Srisathya , Cohen Michael D. , Okada Kyoko , Lamb Helen , Choi Shannon S. , Karuna Edith P. , Scales Michael K. , Gygi Steven P. , Greenberg Michael E. , Ho Hsin-Yi Henry 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWnt5a-Ror signaling is a conserved pathway that regulates morphogenetic processes during vertebrate development, but its downstream signaling events remain poorly understood. Through a large-scale proteomic screen in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pdzrn3 as a regulatory target of the Wnt5a-Ror pathway. Upon pathway activation, Pdzrn3 is degraded in a β-catenin-independent, ubiquitin-proteasome system-dependent manner. We developed a flow cytometry-based reporter to monitor Pdzrn3 abundance and delineated a signaling cascade involving Frizzled, Dishevelled, CK1, and GSK3 that regulates Pdzrn3 stability. Epistatically, Pdzrn3 is regulated independently of Kif26b, another Wnt5a-Ror effector. Wnt5a-dependent degradation of Pdzrn3 requires phosphorylation of three conserved amino acids within its C-terminal LNX3H domain, which acts as a bona fide Wnt5a-responsive element. Importantly, this phospho-dependent degradation is essential for Wnt5a-Ror modulation of cell migration. Collectively, this work establishes a new Wnt5a-Ror cell morphogenetic cascade involving Pdzrn3 phosphorylation and degradation.
The germline mutational process in rhesus macaque and its implications for phylogenetic dating
Authors: Bergeron Lucie A. , Besenbacher Søren , Bakker Jaco , Zheng Jiao , Li Panyi , Pacheco George , Sinding Mikkel-Holger S. , Kamilari Maria , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Schierup Mikkel H. , Zhang Guojie 
Published: June 2020

AbstractUnderstanding the rate and pattern of germline mutations is of fundamental importance for understanding evolutionary processes. Here we analyzed 19 parent-offspring trios of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) at high sequencing coverage of ca. 76X per individual, and estimated an average rate of 0.77 × 10−8de novomutations per site per generation (95 % CI: 0.69 × 10−8- 0.85 × 10−8). By phasing 50 % of the mutations to parental origins, we found that the mutation rate is positively correlated with the paternal age. The paternal lineage contributed an average of 81 % of thede novomutations, with a trend of an increasing male contribution for older fathers. About 3.5 % ofde novomutations were shared between siblings, with no parental bias, suggesting that they arose from early development (postzygotic) stages. Finally, the divergence times between closely related primates calculated based on the yearly mutation rate of rhesus macaque generally reconcile with divergence estimated with molecular clock methods, except for the Cercopithecidae/Hominoidea molecular divergence dated at 52 Mya using our new estimate of the yearly mutation rate.
Daytime light enhances the amplitude of circadian output in a diurnal mammal
Authors: Bano-Otalora Beatriz , Martial Franck , Harding Court , Bechtold David A. , Allen Annette E. , Brown Timothy M. , Belle Mino D. C. , Lucas Robert J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractMammalian circadian rhythms are orchestrated by a master pacemaker in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), which receives information about the 24 h light:dark cycle from the retina. The accepted function of this light signal is to reset circadian phase in order to ensure appropriate synchronisation with the celestial day. Here, we ask whether light also impacts another key property of the circadian oscillation, its amplitude. To this end, we measured rhythms in behavioural activity and body temperature, and SCN electrophysiological activity in the diurnal murid rodentRhabdomys pumiliofollowing stable entrainment to 12:12 light:dark cycles at 4 different daytime intensities (ranging from 12.77 to 14.80 log melanopsin effective photons/cm2/s).Rhabdomysshowed strongly diurnal activity and body temperature rhythms in all conditions, but measures of rhythm robustness were positively correlated with daytime irradiance under both entrainment and subsequent free run. Whole-cell and extracellular recordings of electrophysiological activity inex vivoSCN revealed substantial differences in electrophysiological activity between dim and bright light conditions. At lower daytime irradiance, daytime peaks in SCN spontaneous firing rate and membrane depolarisation were substantially depressed, leading to an overall marked reduction in the amplitude of circadian rhythms in spontaneous activity. Our data reveal a previously unappreciated impact of daytime light intensity on SCN physiology and the amplitude of circadian rhythms, and highlight the potential importance of daytime light exposure for circadian health.
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as ACE2 blockers to inhibit viropexis of 2019-nCoV Spike pseudotyped virus
Authors: Wang Nan , Han Shengli , Liu Rui , Meng Liesu , He Huaizhen , Zhang Yongjing , Wang Cheng , Lv Yanni , Wang Jue , Li Xiaowei , Ding Yuanyuan , Fu Jia , Hou Yajing , Lu Wen , Ma Weina , Zhan Yingzhuan , Dai Bingling , Zhang Jie , Pan Xiaoyan , Hu Shiling , Gao Jiapan , Jia Qianqian , Zhang Liyang , Ge Shuai , Wang Saisai , Liang Peida , Hu Tian , Lu Jiayu , Wang Xiangjun , Zhou Huaxin , Ta Wenjing , Wang Yuejin , Lu Shemin , He Langchong 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) has been affecting global health since the end of 2019 and there is no sign that the epidemic is abating. The major issue for controlling the infectious is lacking efficient prevention and therapeutic approaches. Chloroquine (CQ) and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been reported to treat the disease, but the underlying mechanism remains controversial.PurposeThe objective of this study is to investigate whether CQ and HCQ could be ACE2 blockers and used to inhibit 2019-nCoV virus infection.MethodsIn our study, we used CCK-8 staining, flow cytometry and immunofluorescent staining to evaluate the toxicity and autophagy of CQ and HCQ, respectively, on ACE2 high-expressing HEK293T cells (ACE2hcells). We further analyzed the binding character of CQ and HCQ to ACE2 by molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays, 2019-nCoV spike pseudotyped virus was also used to observe the viropexis effect of CQ and HCQ in ACE2hcells.ResultsResults showed that HCQ is slightly more toxic to ACE2hcells than CQ. Both CQ and HCQ could bind to ACE2 withKD=(7.31±0.62)e−7M and (4.82±0.87)e−7M, respectively. They exhibit equivalent suppression effect for the entrance of 2019-nCoV spike pseudotyped virus into ACE2hcells.ConclusionsCQ and HCQ both inhibit the entrance 2019-nCoV into cells by blocking the binding of the virus with ACE2. Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of CQ and HCQ treatment effect on virus infection.
Epipelic biofilms respond early to the impacts of urbanization in lowland streams
Authors: Cochero Joaquín , Nicolosi Gelis María Mercedes 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTMultiple structural and functional endpoints of stream biofilms are employed by water quality monitoring programs to detect both direct and indirect environmental impacts. Since multiple co-occurring stressors influence biofilm development, active biomonitoring (translocation experiments) could provide a useful monitoring tool that reflects the overall water quality of the urbanized sites. The aim of this research was to study the short-term responses of epipelic biofilms caused by their translocation to more polluted reaches in lowland urban streams. Fluvial sediment was translocated in three streams that run through urban areas following an urbanization gradient. The epipelic biofilms in the sediment were sampled to identify any fast occurring changes in their algal and bacterial biomasses, in their respiration and oxygen consumption. The results show that structural changes in the biofilm, such as an increased bacterial density and chlorophyll-a concentration, were measurable after two days of exposure to sites with impaired water quality. These immediate changes in the structure of the biofilm indicate that they are sensitive endpoints that can be employed in fast and inexpensive biomonitoring programs in urbanized streams.
Maternal RND3/RhoE deficiency impairs placental mitochondrial function in preeclampsia by modulating the PPARγ-UCP2 cascade
Authors: Huang Liping , Ma Yanlin , Chen Lu , Chang Jiang , Zhong Mei , Wang Zhijian , Sun Ying , Chen Xia , Sun Fei , Xiao Lu , Chen Jianing , Lai Yingjun , Yan Chuming , Yue Xiaojing 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPreeclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening disease of pregnant women associated with severe hypertension, proteinuria, or multi-organ injuries. Mitochondrial-mediated placental oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of PE. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be revealed. Here, we identify Rnd3, a small Rho GTPase, regulating placental mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). We showed that Rnd3 is down-regulated in primary trophoblasts isolated from PE patients. Loss of Rnd3 in trophoblasts resulted in excessive ROS generation, cell apoptosis, mitochondrial injury, and proton leakage from the respiratory chain. Moreover, Rnd3 overexpression partially rescues the mitochondrial defects and oxidative stress in human PE primary trophoblasts. Rnd3 physically interacts with the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and promotes the PPARγ-mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) cascade. Forced expression of PPARγ rescues deficiency of Rnd3-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. We conclude that Rnd3 acts as a novel protective factor in placental mitochondria through PPARγ-UCP2 signaling and highlight that downregulation of Rnd3 is a potential factor involved in PE pathogenesis.
Thalamocortical excitability adjustments guide human perception under uncertainty
Authors: Kosciessa Julian Q. , Lindenberger Ulman , Garrett Douglas D. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAdaptive human behavior builds on prior knowledge about stimulus relevance. Some environments cue such knowledge more than others. To behave adaptively, observers need to flexibly adjust sensory processing to the degree of contextual uncertainty. We hypothesize that the neural basis for these perceptual adjustments consists in the ability of the cortical network to switch back and forth between a rhythmic state that serves selective processing, and a state of elevated asynchronous neural activity that boosts sensitivity. To test this hypothesis, we recorded non-invasive EEG and fMRI BOLD dynamics while 47 healthy young adults performed a parametric visual attention task with varying numbers of relevant stimulus features. Drift-diffusion modeling of response behavior and electrophysiological signatures revealed that greater contextual uncertainty lowered the rate of evidence accumulation while increasing thalamocortical engagement, with concomitant increments in cortical excitability and pupil dilation. As predicted, uncertainty-related processing adjustments were expressed as switches between a state of phase-dependent excitability modulation in the alpha band and a state of increased irregularity of brain dynamics. We conclude that humans dynamically adjust sensory excitability according to the processing fidelity afforded by an upcoming choice, and that neuromodulatory processes involving the thalamus play a key role in adjusting excitability in the human brain.HighlightsWith increasing contextual uncertainty, human cortical networks shift from a state of phase-dependent excitability modulation in the alpha band into a state of elevated excitatory tone and asynchronous neural activityEvidence based on joint modeling of behavior, EEG, and BOLD suggests that neuromodulatory processes involving the thalamus regulate these shiftsTheoretical and empirical considerations suggest contributions of both frequency-specific and aperiodic neural dynamics to human behavior
Cholinergic relay from punishment- to reward-encoding dopamine neurons signals punishment withdrawal as reward inDrosophila
Authors: McCurdy Li Yan , Sareen Preeti , Davoudian Pasha A. , Nitabach Michael N. 
Published: June 2020

SUMMARYAnimals form and update learned associations between otherwise neutral cues and aversive outcomes to predict and avoid danger in changing environments. When a cue later occurs without punishment, this unexpected withdrawal of aversive outcome is encoded as reward, via activation of reward-encoding dopaminergic neurons. Using real-timein vivofunctional imaging, optogenetics, behavioral analysis, and electron-microscopy, we identify the neural mechanism through whichDrosophilareward-encoding dopaminergic neurons are activated when an olfactory cue is unexpectedly no longer paired with electric shock punishment. Reduced activation of punishment-encoding dopaminergic neurons relieves depression of synaptic inputs to cholinergic neurons, which in turn synaptically increase odor responses of reward-encoding dopaminergic neurons to decrease odor avoidance. These studies reveal for the first time how an indirect excitatory cholinergic synaptic relay from punishment- to reward-encoding dopaminergic neurons encodes the absence of a negative as a positive, revealing a general circuit motif for unlearning aversive memories that could be present in mammals.
Regulators of TNFα Mediated Insulin Resistance Elucidated by Quantitative Proteomics
Authors: Mohallem Rodrigo , Aryal Uma K. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObesity is a growing epidemic worldwide and is a major risk factor for several chronic diseases, including diabetes, kidney disease, heart disease, and cancer. Obesity often leads to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, via the increased production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). Our study combines different proteomic techniques to investigate the changes in the global proteome, secretome and phosphoproteome of adipocytes under chronic inflammation condition, as well as fundamental cross-talks between different cellular pathways regulated by chronic TNFα exposure. Our results show that many key regulator proteins of the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways, such as Nfkb2, and its downstream effectors, including Csf-1 and Lgals3bp, directly involved in leukocyte migration and invasion, were significantly upregulated at the intra and extracellular levels, culminating in the progression of inflammation. Our data provides evidence of several key proteins that play a role in the development of insulin resistance.