bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representing an Artifact Transport System in a Design Repository: A Case Study
Authors: Allen R. H. , Fijol R. J. , Syzkman S. , Sriram R. D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper describes a case study representing the design essence of a prototype ultra-high vacuum artifact transport system (ATS) in an existing design repository (DR). Specifically designed for the purpose of transporting nanometer-scale dimensional artifacts at pressures near 10−8 Pa, the ATS consists of a transport cart and an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) system. The artifacts are the result of nanomanufacturing efforts to create atom-based dimensional standards for the semiconductor industry. To populate the design repository, we represent engineering geometry, function and associated behavior, as well as taxonomies of generic functions and flows of the transport system. We model geometry with digital photographs and Virtual Reality Markup Language (VRML) images of actual Computer-aided Design (CAD) drawings, represent function with linked textual descriptions, and capture behavior with mathematical expressions. Through an evolving user interface, this representation serves to capture the more than 50 parts and systems of the ATS in such a way that the information relating to form, function and behavior is accessible and browsable to subsequent designers. We conclude that such a representation, or ones similar to it, can provide the basis for a generic database in which specific information — including design rationale — can be easily retrieved by future design teams.
Corba Based System Integration of Product Development Process Management for Concurrent Engineering
Authors: Zhao Jinmin , Wu Junjun , Liu Jihong , Jin Guodong , Wang Jibin 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The product development process management for concurrent engineering (CE) is the emerging technology to reduce the time to market for new product. The product development environment for CE is remarkably characterized by the heterogeneity and distribution. So, it is highly important to build a robust, object-oriented information infrastructure to allow the interoperability between the distributed application systems for realizing system integration of product development process management for CE (CEPDPM). CORBA provides the best technical solution for building such an infrastructure.
In this paper, a CORBA based architecture of CEPDPMS integration is described. Herein, a set of interoperable objects includes process management, product data management, and resource management, organization management systems and some design tools. How these objects are encapsulated into CORB A/ORB bus and provided as shared services is detailed by analyzing their granularity wrapped and defining their interfaces in DDL. A prototype implementation of CEPDPMS is outlined.
A Foundation for Interoperability in Next-Generation Product Development Systems
Authors: Szykman Simon , Fenves Steven J. , Keirouz Walid , Shooter Steven B. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
U.S. industry spends billions of dollars as a result of poor interoperability between computer-aided engineering software tools. While ongoing standards development efforts are attempting to address this problem in today’s tools, the more significant demand in next-generation tools will be for representations that allow information used or generated during various product development activities to feed forward and backward into others by way of direct electronic interchange. Although the next generation of tools has the potential for greatly increased benefits, there is also a potential for the cost of poor interoperability to multiply. The goal of this work is to develop representations of information that are unavailable in traditional CAD/CAM/CAE tools to support the exchange of product information in a distributed product development environment. This paper develops a vision of next-generation product development systems and provides a core representation for product development information on which future systems can be built.
“Thin” vs. “Fat” Client of Web-Based CAD Tools
Authors: Wang Charlie C. L. , Yuen Matthew M. F. , Wang Yu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Internet technology in particular opens up another domain for building future CAD/CAM environment. This environment will be a global, network-centric environment with various members providing different software tools, manufacturing facilities, and analysis services for distributed design and fabrication. Web-based CAD tools play a prominent role in the environment. Two kinds of clients can be used to develop a web-based CAD tool now, one is “thin” client, and another is “fat” client. This paper compares the advantage of “thin” and “fat” client, and explains the advantage of using low-cost, configurable, CAD components.
An E-Documenting Approach to Conceptual Design
Authors: Benami Oren , Jin Yan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Conceptual design is the most creative, most informal, most ambiguous, and least understood phase of design. During conceptual design, ideas are in a state of transformation and relationships between concepts are often unclear or not well developed. This paper presents our view of conceptual design as an information transformation process and proposes an approach to support conceptual design. The basic idea is the following. Limitations in human information processing capability frequently prevents designers from being effective in retaining, managing, and applying the large amount of information generated during the conceptual design phase. Therefore, if one can provide a system that receives the flow of ideas generated, and arranges the ideas in a way that can be effectively retained, managed, and applied, then fewer ideas will be lost, connections between ideas can be easily identified, and consequently the overall design will be more effective and efficient.
Simulated Annealing for the Optimal Trajectory Planning of an Automated Crack Sealing Machine
Authors: Mathurin R. , Velinsky S. A. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
A Simulated Annealing algorithm is employed to optimally plan the trajectory of the manipulator of an Automated Crack Sealing machine. This paper presents the semi-automatic image processing based method that is first used to identify the cracks to be sealed. Because of frequent morphological complexity of pavement cracks, an optimization approach is necessary to best plan the trajectory. The developed algorithm provides a complete path including crack coordinates, and the optimal shortest path to allow sealing of all cracks. Actual pavement images are processed to show the efficacy of the approach.
Product Knowledge Management Within Knowledge-Based Engineering Systems
Authors: Sainter P. , Oldham K. , Larkin A. , Murton A. , Brimble R. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Knowledge-based engineering systems are now becoming more commonplace in engineering industry. There is a need to ensure the technology is used correctly and to provide the user with all the possible benefits that the system can offer.
This paper looks at how product knowledge can be managed within knowledge-based engineering systems to ensure that the knowledge retains its value and usefulness during the product lifecycle. Presently, the use of these systems has been for the short-term benefit of the company. However, it is believed that it is important to consider longer-term issues also, since knowledge normally has a half-life of around 20 years.
The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate the need for product knowledge management within knowledge-based engineering systems by looking at key issues that are related to the longer-term use of these systems. This paper will also provide a product knowledge management scheme for the development and management of product knowledge within knowledge-based engineering systems, thereby extending the benefits of knowledge-based engineering systems into the longer-term.
Automatic Determination of Tolerance Chains in Unidirectional Tolerancing
Authors: Forster Charles , Boufflet Jean-Paul , Lecouvreur Fabien 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Herein is proposed an automatic method by which the all-tolerance chains of a mechanical assembly may be constructed. The method, implementable in a CAD system, is divided into two main steps.
In the first step, we model the mechanical assembly with a graph, of which the vertices represent the parts and the edges, the contact between the parts. By « sliding » the parts, we may determine all the configurations of the mechanical assembly. The proposed model, which uses classical algorithms of the graph theory, allows control of the coherence of the mechanical assembly.
In the second step, we introduce an extended syntax by which the functional constraints may be decoded without ambiguity. Then, using the syntax and the model, we show how to construct the tolerance chain for each functional constraint.
Fluid Simulation on the World Wide Web: Transient Natural Convection in a Cavity
Authors: Wang Charlie C. L. , Yuen Matthew M. F. , Wang Yu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The primary objective of this research work is the methodology about the development of a fluid simulation package integrated with the Internet, which will allow the user to perform fluid simulation on the World Wide Web (WWW). The web-based software package is developed using tools like Java, ActiveX and HTML and is accessible over the Internet from anywhere in the work. This work is a part of a project on framework of web-based CAE system, which includes the creation of software packages for other CAE issues such as Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computer Aided Geometry Design (CAGD), Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM). The framework of web-based CAE system is a set of CAE packages that can be accessed from all over the world. The simulation package is stored on a powerful server located at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and the input/output (text, graphics, and animation) can be viewed and accessed by any computer supporting a web browser.
In this paper, the traditional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) problem — Transient Natural Convection in a Cavity is used as the example to show how to build a fluid simulation package integrated with the Internet. At first, we will introduce the prospect of such a research work; then, the transient natural convection problem in a cavity is analyzed based on the stream-function and vorticity-function; at last, two solution of web-based fluid simulation will be compared using the example of transient natural convection in a cavity. Experiments on Transient Natural Convection in a Cavity have shown the feasibility for a networked fluid simulation service via the Internet.
Developing Theoretical Foundations of DfM
Authors: Shah Jami J. , Wright Paul K. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This work is motivated by a desire to put DfM on solid theoretical foundations. The paper evaluates measures of manufacturability and classes of DfM methods and frameworks independent of the specific manufacturing processes. Criteria used in evaluation include theoretical foundation, accuracy, flexibility in choosing utility/objective function, domain independence, ease of use, level and extent of information required, computational cost, ability to incorporate uncertainty and market factors. We introduce a DfM approach based on Benefit/Cost analysis. All design utilities are lumped into a single “Design Benefit (RD)”, all manufacturability factors into another parameter “Manufacturing Rating (RM)”, and then techniques of benefit-cost analysis and value engineering are used to make decisions about design improvements. Use of overall and marginal DfM ratings allows trade-offs to be made. Any set of desired objectives can be used for computing the ratings. It is also possible to incorporate design or manufacturing constraints.
A Function-Based Approach to Design for Manufacturing
Authors: Verma Manish , Wood William H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Internet-enabled design and manufacturing requires more than just replacing physical walls with virtual ones in the old ‘over the wall’ design/manufacturing process. By emphasizing the functional requirements of a design, we propose to delay commitment to a manufacturing process, providing a larger design space for the designer and more flexibility to the manufacturer. A function-based approach is being developed which not only utilizes the increased understanding of both design and manufacturing but also exploits the benefits of the Internet to free the team of designers of time, space and organizational constraints. A design/manufacturing interface based on function is proposed and a scenario provided to demonstrate its potential impact.
An Aggregated Value Model for Collaborative Engineering Decisions
Authors: Danesh Mohammad Reza , Jin Yan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In recent years, considerable attentions have been given to collaboration and teamwork for product development in engineering communities. Engineering collaboration involves sharing and exchanging design objectives and information with other team members, detecting and resolving design conflicts, and integrating results of sub-tasks into overall solution. Our research views the collaborative product development process as a distributed decision-making process executed by an engineering team with members from different disciplines. Distribution of design activities among team members, on the one hand, reduces knowledge requirement for designers to carry out their sub-tasks, and, on the other hand, poses demand for smooth coordination among team members to deal with dependencies between the sub-tasks. We argue that to achieve efficient engineering collaboration, team members should share their objectives and values from the early stages of the product development. Our aggregated value model is an attempt to formalize collaborative engineering process. In this paper, we introduce three modes of collaboration, namely total distribution, partial aggregation, and total aggregation as different collaboration schemes and compared their advantages and disadvantages. After that, we present a formal aggregated value model of engineering decision-making process. Finally, an example is discussed to illustrate some of the interesting features of the proposed model in engineering practice.
On Optimization Methods in the House of Quality: Facilitating the Early Stages of Product Design
Authors: Gauthier Benoit , Sodhi Manbir , Dewhurst Peter 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
During a conceptual design effort we find we are making the most far-reaching decisions on product and process form and robustness, while under great pressure to quickly definitize the product. Success is a function of how well we optimize to market needs and producibility, among other constraints. In this paper we focus on implementation of optimization early in the design process, within the structured environment of the House of Quality. Using a normalized weighting format for parameter correlations and relationships, several formulations are presented and discussed, each with its own appropriate use. Using mathematical programming techniques, opportunities exist to greatly reduce the rank of the matrix, facilitating early design iteration and optimization. We present several new roles for the correlation matrix, or roof of the house of quality, which to date has been underutilized in product optimization. Formulations are proposed to employ design information contained in the roof to facilitate concurrent design optimization and management of complexity at the early stages of design.
A Survey of Concurrent Engineering Design Practice in the Australian Automotive and Maritime Industries
Authors: Smith Warren F. , Anforth Troy M. , Crane Andrew M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
It is our contention that engineering design in the 21st century requires a holistic systems approach that is flexible, adaptable and able to cope with change. Such an approach would draw on integrative design philosophies such as concurrent engineering. This paper presents a review of current design practice within two major Australian engineering sectors in an effort to benchmark the “state of practice” and allow for some assessment of the paradigm shift perceived to be required to take it to the “state of research” with respect to concurrent engineering.
On Properties of the Screw Geometry of Contact Wrenches in Multiple Grasping Agents
Authors: Chevallier Dominique , Payandeh Shahram 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Establishing a force-closure contact configuration between multiple contacting agents such as dexterous fingers and an object is one of the main requirements for further object manipulation. Various tools and methods have been proposed in the literature for such analysis and modelling. This paper extends the previous results by the authors and by using basic notions from screw geometry present some preliminary tools for a) locating the next contact wrench given any first two contact wrenches; b) computing the grasping wrenches as a function of the external wrench (force) and c) computing the local friction wrenches between the agents and object as a function of the external wrench. The main contribution of the paper is the application of basic tools from screw geometry and the associated algebra to the problem of planning and analysis of forces in multiple contacting agents.
A Study of Vibration in Caliper-Disc Brake Systems With Surface Roughness Effects: Part A — Contact Stiffness Characterization
Authors: Meinhardt Glenn , Farhang Kambiz , Abdo Jamil 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Vibration in mechanical systems with friction depends on the physical characteristics of the frictional contact. The elastic characteristic of contact is considered in this paper for the interaction of pad and rotor surfaces in caliper-disc brake systems. Mathematical formulation of contact stiffness is obtained by using the theory of rough surfaces. It is shown that surface roughness results in nonlinear contact stiffnesses and these are approximated as polynomials in terms of the relative movement of the pad and rotor along their common normal.
The surface roughness of a brake pad is shown to lead to fifth and sixth-order polynomial functions, in terms of the relative displacements, for compressive and shear contact stiffnesses respectively. In a companion paper, the contact stiffness is incorporated into a vibration model of the caliper-disc brake system.
Kinematic Analysis and Design of Planar Parallel Mechanisms Actuated With Cables
Authors: Barrette Guillaume , Gosselin Clément M. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we present a general and systematic analysis of planar parallel mechanisms actuated with cables. The equations for the velocities are derived, and the forces in the cables are obtained by the principle of virtual work. Then, a detailed analysis of the workspace is performed and an analytical method for the determination of the boundaries of an x-y two-dimensional subset is proposed. The new notion of dynamic workspace is denned, as its shape depends on the accelerations of the end-effector. We demonstrate that any subset of the workspace can be considered as a combination of three-cable sub-workspaces, with boundaries being of two kinds: two-cable equilibrium loci and three-cable singularity loci. By using a parametric representation, we see that for the x-y workspace of a simple no-spring mechanism, the two-cable equilibrium loci represent a hyperbolic section, degenerating, in some particular cases, to one or two linear segments. Examples of such loci are presented. We use quadratic programming to choose which sections of the curves constitute the boundaries of the workspace for any particular dynamic state. A detailed example of workspace determination is included for a six-cable mechanism.
Evaluation and Optimum Design of Parallel Manipulators Having Defined Workspace
Authors: Schönherr Jürgen 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The condition of the Jacobian characterizes the transmission quality of manipulators and is used in this paper for the determination of the dimensions of manipulators having best mobility for a defined workspace. Typical planar and spatial manipulators of parallel structure and having 3 or 6 degrees of freedom are used to demonstrate the method of design used. Manipulators having identical degrees of freedom and workspaces and different structures, including those having fixed or variable leg lengths, are compared with respect to their mobility. The computing program developed for the purpose of optimum design performs the kinematic optimization of machines and manipulators of any structure.
Some Implications for Parallel Kinematic Machine Design Based on Kinetostatic Model
Authors: Gosselin Clément M. , Zhang Dan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this paper, a new method — named lumped kinetostatic modeling — to analyze the effect of the link flexibility on the mechanism’s stiffness is provided. A new type of mechanism whose degree of freedom (dof) is dependent on a passive constraining leg connecting the base and the platform is introduced and analyzed. With the proposed kinetostatic model, a significant effect of the link flexibility on the mechanism’s precision has been demonstrated. The influence of the changement of structure parameters, including material properties, on the system behavior is discussed. In the paper, the geometric model of this kind of mechanism is first introduced. Then, a lumped kinetostatic model is proposed in order to account for joint and link compliances; some results and design guidelines are obtained. Finally, the optimization of the precision is addressed using a genetic algorithm.
Grasp Stiffness Matrix for Soft Finger Contact Model in Robotic Applications
Authors: Ghafoor Abdul , Dai Jian S. , Duffy Joseph 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This paper proposes a practical and analytical model for soft finger grasp. It presents a contact stiffness matrix by applying congruence transformation and mapping stiffnesses from a line spring model onto translational and rotational stiffnesses. The contact that is realised in this paper is in the form of a patch contact with evenly distributed finite number of equivalent point contacts. An analytical approach is hence proposed based on line springs and screw representation of the frictional elastic point contacts that provides a direct correlation between the equivalent point contact and soft finger contact of a rigid object and gives a procedure to complete the analysis. The grasp achieved with the analysis provides both translational and rotational restraint. The approach and its use for finite manipulation are supported by a case study.
Gait Programming for Multi-Legged Robot Climbing on Walls and Ceilings
Authors: Qian Jinwu , Gong Zhenbang , Zhang Qixian 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Wall-climbing gait programming is one of the basic issues for the multi-legged robot working on vertical walls and ceilings. In this paper, the authors propose geometric measurements related to support patterns to describe the overturn-resistance capability for multi-legged robots climbing on vertical walls and on ceilings. Employing optimization approaches, optimal regular periodic wall gaits are computed for a six-legged robot climbing vertically or horizontally, and optimal ceiling gaits are also obtained. Comparisons are made for crab-type and insect-type leg-stroke layouts.