bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial microbiota composition of a common ectoparasite of cavity‐breeding birds, the Hen Flea Ceratophyllus gallinae
Authors: Aivelo Tuomas , Tschirren Barbara 
Published: December 2019

Experimental field studies have demonstrated negative fitness consequences of Hen Flea Ceratophyllus gallinae infestations for bird hosts, yet it is currently unclear whether these negative effects are a direct consequence of flea‐induced blood loss or a result of flea‐borne pathogen transmission. Here we used a 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach to characterize the bacterial microbiota community of Hen Fleas collected from Great Tit Parus major nests and found that Brevibacterium (Actinobacteria), Staphylococcus (Firmicutes), Stenotrophomonas (Proteobacteria), Massilia (Proteobacteria), as well as the arthropod endosymbionts ‘Candidatus Lariskella’ and ‘Candidatus Midichloria’ were most abundant. We found evidence for the occurrence of Staphylococcus spp. in Hen Fleas, which may cause opportunistic infections in bird hosts, but not of other known pathogens commonly transmitted by other flea species, such as Bartonella spp. or Rickettsia spp. However, Hen Fleas might transmit other pathogens (e.g. viruses or bacteria that are not currently recognized as bird pathogens), which may contribute to the negative fitness consequences of Hen Flea infestations in addition to direct blood loss or secondary infections of wounds caused by biting fleas.
Efficacy of reciprocating and ultrasonic activation of 6% sodium hypochlorite in the reduction of microbial content and virulence factors in teeth with primary endodontic infection
Authors: Aveiro E. , Chiarelli‐Neto V. M. , de‐Jesus‐Soares A. , Zaia A. A. , Ferraz C. C. R. , Almeida J. F. A. , Marciano M. A. , Feres M. , Gomes B. P. F. A. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate in a clinical trial the efficacy of reciprocating and ultrasonic activation of 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in the microbial composition and reduction in microbial load as well as in levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in teeth with primary endodontic infections.MethodologySamples were collected from 24 root canals with pulp necrosis and periapical lesions, before and after chemo‐mechanical canal preparation. The teeth were randomly divided according to the activation protocol as follows: control group without activation (WA, n = 8), reciprocating activation group using Easy Clean tip (EC, n = 8) and ultrasonic activation group using Irrisonic insert (US, n = 8). Microbiological specimens were processed using a culture technique and microbiota composition was analysed using the checkerboard technique. The levels of LPS and LTA were quantified using limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The Fisher's exact test, Kruskal–Wallis, Dunn’s and Wilcoxon’s test with a significance level of P < 0.05 were used for statistical analysis.ResultsAll initial specimens had growth of viable bacteria in fastidious anaerobe agar (FAA), with an average of 105 CFU mL−1, whereas only one case had such growth after chemo‐mechanical canal preparation. LPS and LTA were recovered in 100% of the cases. Chemo‐mechanical canal preparation significantly decreased the levels of LPS and LTA (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were found between the groups (P > 0.05). Through the checkerboard technique, bacteria were found in 100% of the initial specimens with concentrations between <105 and 106. The most frequently identified microorganisms were Prevotella nigrescens and Enterococcus hirae. After chemo‐mechanical canal preparation, many species were not detected in any of the three groups tested. A significant reduction occurred in Group US, followed by Groups EC and WA.ConclusionsActivation of 6% NaOCl reduced the levels of LPS and LTA with no differences between the groups. However, ultrasonic activation was associated with a greater reduction in microbial load within root canals.
Angiotensin‐I‐converting enzyme (ACE)‐inhibitory peptides from Thai jasmine rice bran protein hydrolysates
Authors: Suwannapan Orapa , Wachirattanapongmetee Kwanruedee , Thawornchinsombut Supawan , Katekaew Somporn 
Published: December 2019

AbstractRice bran protein hydrolysate (<50 kDa RBPH) from Thai jasmine variety demonstrating a high Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity was purified and characterised. ACE inhibitory peptides were obtained from a two‐step purification process: gel filtration and preparative reverse‐phase high‐performance chromatography (RP‐HPLC) and then identified by mass spectrometer hybrid quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight. A novel peptide GSGYF in the RBPH was firstly identified and found to have a partial sequence homology of Oryza sativa Japonica Group. This sequence was further synthesised to exhibit as good an inhibition potency with IC50 value of 2.11 µg mL−1 as Captopril (1.15 µg mL−1). The cytotoxicity test revealed that this RBPH is non‐toxic against Vero cells. In addition, the <50 kDa RBPH was resistant to in vitro digestion by pepsin and trypsin. These findings suggest that the RBPH containing ACE inhibitory peptides is likely to be safer and healthier than synthetic drugs and can be an effective food supplement for lowering blood pressure.
Introduction: What does the future promise for work, employment and society?
Authors: RANI Uma , GRIMSHAW Damian 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn introducing this double Special Issue, the authors draw on the articles contained therein to highlight the main areas for consideration in research on the future of work. They present the fast‐paced changes affecting the world of work as offering an opportunity to move towards equality‐inducing growth, while warning of the dangers posed by mismanaged technological change, inequalities (highlighting the persistent and intersectional nature of gender inequality), global supply chains and opportunities for social dialogue. In this light, they also propose policy recommendations focusing on strengthening worker protection and representative institutions, rethinking regulatory frameworks and taxation systems, and ensuring just transitions.
¿Hacia dónde evoluciona el tejido social contemporáneo? Nuevas tecnologías y viejas tendencias socioeconómicas
Authors: DOSI Giovanni , VIRGILLITO Maria Enrica 
Published: December 2019

ResumenEn este artículo se investiga si las sociedades asisten a una nueva revolución industrial, y cuál es la repercusión del cambio tecnológico en el tejido socioeconómico, principalmente con respecto al empleo, la distribución de la renta, las condiciones de trabajo y las relaciones laborales. Los autores sostienen que los procesos de innovación y la expansión de lo que denominan «automatización inteligente» tienden a exacerbar los actuales patrones de desigualdad de poder y de renta, que ya estaban presentes mucho antes la aparición de las tecnologías en cuestión. A tenor de esos procesos, proponen algunas recomendaciones para la formulación de políticas.
Tres escenarios para el futuro del trabajo
Authors: MÉDA Dominique 
Published: December 2019

ResumenTras pasar revista a la evolución del concepto de trabajo a lo largo de la historia y a las diferentes acepciones que se han dado al término en el curso de los siglos, la autora analiza la relación que mantienen los europeos con ese valor, así como el impacto en el trabajo y el empleo del actual discurso en boga sobre la revolución tecnológica y sus consecuencias «ineluctables». A continuación, considera el futuro del trabajo a la luz de tres escenarios, a saber, el «desmantelamiento del derecho del trabajo», la «revolución tecnológica» (que postula el fin del empleo debido a la automatización) y la «reconversión ecológica», último modelo compatible no solo con el imperativo medioambiental, sino también con las expectativas asociadas al trabajo y el empleo.
Los nietos de Keynes y los trabajadores de Marx en las plataformas digitales. Por qué el trabajo humano todavía es importante
Authors: EKBIA Hamid R. , NARDI Bonnie A. 
Published: December 2019

ResumenEl miedo a la automatización y al «futuro del trabajo», a la superfluidad de los trabajadores y del ser humano en general, se basa en ideas recurrentes sobre la tecnología, el trabajo y el valor económico. El debate se remonta a destacados pensadores como Karl Marx y John Maynard Keynes. Para entender el momento actual, los autores revisan este debate en relación con la historia del capitalismo. Desde una perspectiva centrada en el trabajo y la tecnología, examinan las formas ocultas de creación de valor en la economía actual y las lagunas del debate histórico, y esbozan varias situaciones hipotéticas de cara al futuro.
Mejoras económicas y sociales en las cadenas mundiales de suministro. Las experiencias del Cono Sur
Authors: REINECKE Gerhard , POSTHUMA Anne 
Published: December 2019

ResumenEl objeto del presente artículo es investigar hasta qué punto las mejoras económicas y sociales están concatenadas y se extienden de las empresas líderes a los proveedores en nueve estudios de casos de cadenas mundiales de suministro en el Cono Sur. Los resultados son heterogéneos, pero cabe distinguir tres patrones de evolución económica y social entre los segmentos de la cadena, a saber: desarrollo antagónico, desarrollo truncado y mejora integrada. A partir de esa tipología, se examina de qué manera las políticas públicas, las empresas y los interlocutores sociales pueden ayudar a corregir los desequilibrios, y se formulan recomendaciones al respecto.
La igualdad de género y la gobernanza de las cadenas de valor mundiales. Promoción de los derechos de las trabajadoras
Authors: BARRIENTOS Stephanie , BIANCHI Lara , BERMAN Cindy 
Published: December 2019

ResumenLa gobernanza privada, canalizada por conducto de programas de cumplimiento social e iniciativas de las empresas multinacionales en favor de la igualdad de género, no basta por sí sola para poner coto a la discriminación por razón de género en las cadenas de valor mundiales (CVM). Los Principios Rectores de las Naciones Unidas sobre las empresas y los derechos humanos (en adelante, Principios Rectores) proporcionan un marco que conjuga la gobernanza pública y la gobernanza privada a fin de abordar los derechos humanos en su globalidad, con inclusión de la igualdad de género. En el presente artículo se analiza si tales principios pueden ofrecer un marco de gobernanza más eficaz para atender los derechos de las trabajadoras en las CVM. Se sostiene que para poner fin a la discriminación por razón de género en las CVM y promover el ejercicio de la debida diligencia en materia de derechos humanos con una perspectiva de género es indispensable recurrir a una gobernanza en la que se articulen, en colaboración sinérgica, las entidades públicas, privadas y sociales.
Evaluation of polymorphisms in microRNA‐binding sites and pancreatic cancer risk in Chinese population
Authors: Ke Juntao , Peng Xiating , Mei Shufang , Tian Jianbo , Ying Pingting , Yang Nan , Wang Xiaoyang , Zou Danyi , Yang Yang , Zhu Ying , Gong Yajie , Gong Jing , Zhong Rong , Chang Jiang , Fang Zemin , Miao Xiaoping 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAs promising biomarkers and therapy targets, microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in various physiological and tumorigenic processes. Genetic variants in miRNA‐binding sites can lead to dysfunction of miRNAs and contribute to disease. However, systematic investigation of the miRNA‐related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for pancreatic cancer (PC) risk remains elusive. We performed integrative bioinformatics analyses to select 31 SNPs located in miRNA‐target binding sites using the miRNASNP v2.0, a solid database providing miRNA‐related SNPs for genetic research, and investigated their associations with risk of PC in two large case‐control studies totally including 1847 cases and 5713 controls. We observed that the SNP rs3802266 is significantly associated with increased risk of PC (odds ratio (OR) = 1.21, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.11‐1.31, P = 1.29E‐05). Following luciferase reporter gene assays show that rs3802266‐G creates a stronger binding site for miR‐181a‐2‐3p in 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of the gene ZHX2. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis suggests that ZHX2 expression is lower in individuals carrying rs3802266‐G with increased PC risk. In conclusion, our findings highlight the involvement of miRNA‐binding SNPs in PC susceptibility and provide new clues for PC carcinogenesis.
Girls' brain structural connectivity in late adolescence relates to history of depression symptoms
Authors: Chahal Rajpreet , Weissman David G. , Marek Scott , Rhoads Shawn A. , Hipwell Alison E. , Forbes Erika E. , Keenan Kate , Guyer Amanda E. 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundGirls’ depressive symptoms typically increase in adolescence, with individual differences in course and severity being key risk factors for impaired emotional functioning in young adulthood. Given the continued brain white matter (WM) maturation that occurs in adolescence, the present study tested whether structural connectivity patterns in late adolescence are associated with variation in the course of depression symptom severity throughout adolescence.MethodParticipants were girls (N = 115) enrolled in a multiyear prospective cohort study of risk for depression. Initial depression severity (intercept) at age 10 and change in severity (linear slope) across ages 10–19 were examined in relation to WM tractography collected at age 19. Network‐based statistic analyses were used to identify clusters showing variation in structural connectivity in association with depressive symptom intercept, slope, and their interaction.ResultsHigher initial depressive severity and steeper positive slope (separately) were associated with greater structural connectivity between temporal, subcortical socioaffective, and occipital regions. Intercept showed more connectivity associations than slope. The interaction effect indicated that higher initial symptom severity and a steeper negative slope (i.e., alleviating symptoms) were related to greater connectivity between cognitive control regions. Moderately severe symptoms that worsened over time were followed by greater connectivity between self‐referential and cognitive regions (e.g., posterior cingulate and frontal gyrus).ConclusionsHigher depressive symptom severity in early adolescence and increasing symptom severity over time may forecast structural connectivity differences in late adolescence, particularly in pathways involving cognitive and emotion‐processing regions. Understanding how clinical course relates to neurobiological correlates may inform new treatment approaches to adolescent depression.
Failure to confirm a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor‐induced hematopoietic effect in non‐diabetic rats with renal anemia
Authors: Yamazaki Daisuke , Konishi Yoshio , Morikawa Takashi , Kobara Hideki , Masaki Tsutomu , Hitomi Hirofumhi , Osafune Kenji , Nakano Daisuke , Kittikulsuth Wararat , Nishiyama Akira 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionClinical studies have shown that treatment with inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) significantly increases the hematocrit in patients with type 2 diabetes. To investigate whether SGLT2 inhibitors directly promote erythropoietin production independently on blood glucose reduction, the hematopoietic effect of the specific SGLT2 inhibitor, luseogliflozin, was examined in non‐diabetic rats with renal anemia.Materials and MethodsRenal anemia was induced by treatment with adenine (200 or 600 mg/kg/day, orally for 10 days) in non‐diabetic Wistar–Kyoto or Wistar rats, respectively. Luseogliflozin (10 mg/kg bodyweight) or vehicle (0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose) was then administered for 6 weeks. The hematocrit and the hemoglobin (Hb), blood urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, and plasma erythropoietin levels were monitored.ResultsTreatment with adenine decreased the hematocrit and the Hb level, which were associated with increases in the blood urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine levels. In Wistar–Kyoto rats treated with 200 mg/kg/day adenine, administration of luseogliflozin induced glycosuria, but did not change the blood urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine levels, hematocrit, Hb or plasma erythropoietin levels. Similarly, luseogliflozin treatment failed to change the hematocrit or the Hb levels in Wistar rats with renal anemia induced by 600 mg/kg/day of adenine. Plasma erythropoietin concentrations were also not different between luseogliflozin‐ and vehicle‐treated rats. Similarly, in human erythropoietin‐producing cells derived from pluripotent stem cells, luseogliflozin treatment did not change the erythropoietin level in the medium.ConclusionsThese data suggest that SGLT2 inhibitor fails to exert hematopoietic effects in non‐diabetic conditions.
Comparative efficacy of stents in endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided peripancreatic fluid collection drainage: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Park Chan Hyuk , Park Se Woo , Nam Eunwoo , Jung Jang Han , Jo Jung Hyun 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough many studies have reported the efficacy of different stents for endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)‐guided peripancreatic fluid collection (PFC) drainage, they have not completely determined which stent is superior. This network meta‐analysis comprehensively evaluated the comparative efficacy of stents used in EUS‐guided PFC.MethodsWe searched all relevant studies published up to February 2019 that examined the efficacy of double pigtail plastic stent (DPPS), fully covered self‐expanding metal stent (FCSEMS), and lumen‐apposing metal stent (LAMS) in EUS‐guided PFC drainage. We performed a Bayesian network meta‐analysis for clinical efficacy and adverse events.ResultsFifteen studies comprising 1746 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. In terms of clinical success, no significant differences were noted in LAMS versus DPPS or LAMS versus FCSEMS (risk ratio [RR] 1.04 [95% credible interval (CrI) 0.99–1.11] and RR 0.96 [95% CrI 0.91–1.03]), respectively). FCSEMS was superior in terms of clinical success to DPPS (RR 1.09, 95% CrI 1.02–1.15). There was no significant difference in the recurrence of PFC among groups. Regarding adverse events, LAMS had a higher bleeding risk than FCSEMS (RR 6.70, 95% CrI 1.77–36.27) and tended to have a higher risk of bleeding than DPPS (RR 2.67, 95% CI 0.71–9.28). In terms of stent migration, there was no significant difference between any two groups compared.ConclusionsFCSEMS had superior efficacy in terms of clinical success compared with DPPS stents. Significant superiority of LAMS to DPPS was not identified. Additionally, LAMS had the higher risk of bleeding than FCSEMS.
Changes in neuronal activity across the mouse ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in response to low glucose: Evaluation using an extracellular multi‐electrode array approach
Authors: Hanna Lydia , Kawalek Tristan J. , Beall Craig , Ellacott Kate L. J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN) is involved in maintaining systemic glucose homeostasis. Neurophysiological studies in rodent brain slices have identified populations of VMN glucose‐sensing neurones: glucose‐excited (GE) neurones, cells which increased their firing rate in response to increases in glucose concentration, and glucose‐inhibited (GI) neurones, which show a reduced firing frequency in response to increasing glucose concentrations. To date, most slice electrophysiological studies characterising VMN glucose‐sensing neurones in rodents have utilised the patch clamp technique. Multi‐electrode arrays (MEAs) are a state‐of‐the‐art electrophysiological tool enabling the electrical activity of many cells to be recorded across multiple electrode sites (channels) simultaneously. We used a perforated MEA (pMEA) system to evaluate electrical activity changes across the dorsal‐ventral extent of the mouse VMN region in response to alterations in glucose concentration. Because intrinsic (ie, direct postsynaptic sensing) and extrinsic (ie, presynaptically modulated) glucosensation were not discriminated, we use the terminology ‘GE/presynaptically excited by an increase (PER)’ and ‘GI/presynaptically excited by a decrease (PED)’ in the present study to describe responsiveness to changes in extracellular glucose across the mouse VMN. We observed that 15%‐60% of channels were GE/PER, whereas 2%‐7% were GI/PED channels. Within the dorsomedial portion of the VMN (DM‐VMN), significantly more channels were GE/PER compared to the ventrolateral portion of the VMN (VL‐VMN). However, GE/PER channels within the VL‐VMN showed a significantly higher basal firing rate in 2.5 mmol l‐1 glucose than DM‐VMN GE/PER channels. No significant difference in the distribution of GI/PED channels was observed between the VMN subregions. The results of the present study demonstrate the utility of the pMEA approach for evaluating glucose responsivity across the mouse VMN. pMEA studies could be used to refine our understanding of other neuroendocrine systems by examining population level changes in electrical activity across brain nuclei, thus providing key functional neuroanatomical information to complement and inform the design of single‐cell neurophysiological studies.
Refinements of the application of paramedian forehead flap in nasal defects repair in Asian patients
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Chao , Liu Zhifei , Wang Xiaojun , Dong Ruijia , Zeng Ang , Yu Nanze , Zhu Lin , Long Fei , Si Loubin , Teng Yue 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackgroundDue to the relatively higher tendency of postsurgery scars, insufficient cartilage support, and low surgical acceptability, nasal defect repair with forehead flap in Asian patients needs further study.ObjectiveWe aim to determine the necessity of tissue expansion, timing of pedicle division, and the importance of cartilage scaffold reinforcement and scar prevention at the donor site during nasal reconstruction in Asian patients with paramedian forehead flap.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent nasal reconstruction with forehead flap at our hospital from January 2013 to January 2018. The demographical information, surgery details, and postoperative complications of all patients were recorded. The reconstructed nose, scars, and eyebrow deformities were evaluated by digital photographs, and the overall satisfaction of the patients was documented.ResultsThe study included 15 patients (7 males and 8 females). All nasal defects involved at least two aesthetic units and included seven full‐thickness defects. Only one patient underwent two revision operations. Complications like hematoma, infection, and necrosis were not detected, except in one patient with partial necrosis of the flap. All patients were satisfied with the reconstructed nose and did not report any respiratory dysfunction. No obvious scars or eyebrow deformities were observed.ConclusionThree‐stage full‐thickness forehead flap should be used to repair nasal defects in Asian patients, with immediate cartilage scaffold reconstruction at stage one and reinforcement at stage two. Botox injection into the forehead can refine the scar.