bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-linear relationships in associations of
depression and anxiety with alcohol use
Authors: RODGERS B. , KORTEN A. E. , JORM A. F. , JACOMB P. A. , CHRISTENSEN H. , HENDERSON A. S. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Many studies have demonstrated co-morbidity of alcohol abuse/dependence with
mood and anxiety disorders but relatively little is known about anxiety and depression across the
full continua of alcohol consumption and problems associated with drinking.Methods. Participants from a general population sample (N = 2725) aged 18–80 years completed
the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and four measures of negative affect (two
depression and two anxiety symptom scales) included in a self-completion questionnaire.Results. High consumption, AUDIT total score, and AUDIT problems score were associated with
high negative affect scores in participants under 60 years old (ORs in the range 1·80–2·83). Graphical
and statistical analyses using continuous measures of alcohol use/problems and negative affect
identified non-linear relationships where abstainers and occasional drinkers, as well as heavy and
problem drinkers, were at risk of high anxiety and depression levels. This pattern, however, was not
found in those aged [ges ] 60 years. The U-shaped relationship was not an artefact of abstainers being
typical of the general population in their distribution of negative affect.Conclusions. Studies of co-morbidity should acknowledge the possibility of non-linear associations
and employ both continuous and discrete measures. Abstainers, as well as heavy drinkers, are at
increased risk of symptoms of depression and anxiety disorders. Psychosocial factors may play a
role in the U-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and mortality.
Serotonergic dysfunction across the eating disorders: relationship to eating behaviour, purging behaviour, nutritional status and general psychopathology
Authors: MONTELEONE P. , BRAMBILLA F. , BORTOLOTTI F. , MAJ M. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Several recent studies have pointed to a dysfunction of serotonin transmission in patients with eating disorders. Notwithstanding, it is not known whether serotonergic abnormalities are related primarily to eating and/or purging behaviour, nutritional status or general psychopathological dimensions. Therefore, by using a validated neuroendocrine strategy, we investigated central serotonergic function in patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder who differ on the above parameters.Methods. Plasma prolactin response to D-fenfluramine (30 mg p.o.) or placebo was measured in 58 drug-free female volunteers, comprising 15 underweight anorexic women, 18 bulimic women, 10 women with binge-eating disorder and 15 female healthy controls. Behavioural assessment included ratings of eating disorder symptoms, depression, aggression and food-related obsessions and compulsions.Results. A significantly decreased prolactin response to D-fenfluramine was found in underweight anorexic women and in bulimics with high frequency bingeing ([ges ]2 binge episodes/day), but not in patients with binge-eating disorder or in bulimics with low frequency bingeing ([les ]1 binge episode/day). In the whole bulimic group, a negative correlation emerged between frequency of bingeing and prolactin response. No significant correlation was found between physical or
psychopathological measures and the hormonal response in any group.Conclusions. These results confirm our previous findings of an impaired serotonergic transmission in underweight anorexics and in bulimics with high frequency bingeing, but not in patients with less severe bulimia nervosa. Moreover, they show, for the first time, that the hypothalamic serotonergic system is not altered in women with binge-eating disorder.
IMPLEMENTING CLINICAL GUIDELINES IN THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN
GENERAL PRACTICE
Authors: Hetlevik Irene , Holmen Jostein , Krüger Øystein , Kristensen Pål , Iversen Hege , Furuseth Kristian 
Published: July 2002

Objectives: To evaluate the implementation of clinical guidelines
for diabetes mellitus in general practice with a specific computer-based
clinical decision support system (CDSS) as part of the intervention.Methods: Randomized study with health center as unit. General
practice in Sør- and Nord-Trøndelag counties in Norway, 380,000
inhabitants. Seventeen health centers with 24 doctors and 499 patients with
diabetes mellitus were in the intervention group and 12 health centers with 29
doctors and 535 patients were in the control group. Main outcome measures were
group differences in fractions of patients without registrations (process
evaluation) and mean group differences for the same variables (patient outcome
evaluation).Results: Statistically significant group differences were
experienced for fractions of patients without registration of cigarette
smoking (intervention group, 82.6%; control group 94.5%), body mass index
(78.2% vs. 93.0%), and sufficient registrations for calculation of risk score
for myocardial infarction (91.1% vs. 98.3%); all during 18 months. Large
center variations were shown for all variables. The only statistically
significant group difference was −2.3 mm Hg (95% CI, −3.8,
−0.8) in diastolic blood pressure in favor of the intervention group.
Statistically insignificant differences in favor of the intervention group
were HbA1c, −0.1% (95% CI, −0.4, 0.1), systolic blood pressure,
−1.2 mm Hg (95% CI, −4.4, 2.0). Statistically insignificant
differences in favor of the control group were fractions of smokers, +3.0%
(95% CI, −4.0, 10.0), body mass index, +0.3 kg/m2 (95%
CI, −0.8, 1.4), risk score in female +0.1 (95% CI, −5.1, 5.2), and
risk score in male +2.6 (95% CI, −14.2, 19.5).Conclusions: Implementation of clinical guidelines for diabetes
mellitus in general practice, by means of a CDSS and several procedures for
implementation, did not result in a clinically significant change in
doctors' behavior or in patient outcome.
Size and shape changes in the skull accompanying speciation of South American spiny rats (Rodentia: Proechimys spp.)†
Authors: Corti Marco , Aguilera Marisol , Capanna Ernesto 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSize and shape changes in the skull of South American spiny rats Proechimys spp. were investigated using geometric morphometrics. Six species were studied (P. guairae, P. poliopus, P. trinitatis, P. canicollis, P. mincae and Proechimys sp.) using 12 populations from Venezuela and Colombia. Proechimys poliopus, P. guairae and Proechimys sp. have undergone recent speciation coupled with chromosomal rearrangements. The separate analysis of size and shape showed that the only sexually dimorphic character is size; P. mincae is the smallest species and Proechimys sp. the largest. The populations are all recognizable by their shape, and populations of the same species share a common kind of shape modification. The prevalent non‐uniform nature of morphological change in the skull shows how the various structures, such as those involved with audition, feeding and olfaction, are modified differently among species. Consequently, the modification of these different structures over a long time could reflect a progressive diversification of the microniche of each species.
Implications of limb bone scaling, curvature and eccentricity in mammals and non‐avian dinosaurs
Authors: Carrano Matthew T. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractCurrent theories of locomotor biomechanics are based largely on observations of extant terrestrial mammals. However, extant mammals are limited with respect to certain aspects of terrestrial locomotion, and this constraint has confounded interpretations of limb design in this group. Dinosaurs include a wide array of large and small bipeds, record several transitions between bipedalism and quadrupedalism, and show a unique covariation of cursoriality and body size. Thus, the wider applications of biomechanical theories may be tested by applying them to the limb bones of dinosaurs. A broad examination of hindlimb and forelimb bone scaling patterns in dinosaurs and mammals reveals several general similarities that provide insight into the general constraints acting on terrestrial locomotion, particularly in animals with parasagittally oriented limbs. Most limb bones scale with negative allometry in these two groups, and larger taxa tend to scale more negatively than smaller forms. However, the strongly negative scaling of large mammals is mostly restricted to ungulates, whose unusually short femora may be the result of constraints of cursoriality at large body sizes. Bipedal and quadrupedal dinosaurs scale very similarly, with most differences apparently resulting from size rather than posture. Bone curvature tends to decrease with increasing body size, while femoral midshaft eccentricity tends to increase. Femoral midshaft eccentricity is explained as a general adaptation to mediolateral bending on parasagittal limb bones. These trends are more pronounced in dinosaurs than mammals; additional morphological constraints present in the dinosaurian hindlimb may contribute to this distinction.
The status of Nathusius' pipistrelle (Pipistrellus nathusii Keyserling & Blasius, 1839) in the British Isles
Authors: Russ J. M. , Hutson A. M. , Montgomery W. I. , Racey P. A. , Speakman J. R. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThere are now 91 records of individual Nathusius' pipistrelle Pipistrellus nathusii examined ‘in the hand’ in the U.K., and bat detector records from a further 36 localities in Britain and Ireland. These records are distributed throughout all months of the year with clear peaks in spring and autumn suggesting migratory movements into and out of the British Isles in autumn and spring, respectively. Three maternity colonies have been located and the species must now also be regarded as a resident breeding species in Britain and Ireland.
Reproduction and postnatal development in the bush Karoo rat Otomys unisulcatus (Muridae, Otomyinae)
Authors: Pillay N. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractReproduction and postnatal development of the southern African bush Karoo rat Otomys unisulcatus was studied in the laboratory. Fifty‐one litters were obtained from 17 pairs, with a mean litter size of 2.09, reproductive effort of 0.58 and gestation period of 37 days. Neonates weighed 6.1–9.6 g and were semi‐precocial. Weaning began as early as 8 days of age, and the age at first reproduction was 6 weeks in males and 5 weeks in females. Compared to its congeners, O. unisulcatus has small litters of semi‐precocial young which undergo rapid postnatal development, and contrary to expectations displays several K‐selected reproductive characteristics. The reproductive biology and postnatal development of the bush Karoo appears to reflect a compromise between exploiting sporadically abundant resources and the occupation of stick lodges, which may provide a favourable microclimate to buffer the harsh external climate.
Innovative language learning: achieving the vision
Authors: CHAPPELLE CAROL A. 
Published: July 2002

The technologies demonstrated at the InSTIL and EUROCALL 2000
conferences were very inspiring. They gave participants the sense that the
technologies of their wildest imaginations are at last materializing, particularly
in long awaited advances in speech technologies. Some challenges, however,
remain ahead as attempts are made to put these technologies to use in CALL.
Past experience demonstrates for example that software designed for recognition
of a proficient speaker’s language is different than that required for
learner language. It is also evident that while language use may be critical for
language acquisition, language use does not necessarily indicate language
acquisition. These points were made by Marty, who was working with speech software
for French teaching a few years before the current excitement:...[W]e should keep in mind that the present research and development is aimed only at
producing speech easily understandable by natives (e.g., English for native
speakers of English) and that the potential markets are industrial (e.g.,
replacing visual indicators or visual alarms with audio warnings) and in home
products (especially toys). Until our needs for improved FL instruction are
better understood, it is not likely that those devices will have the voice
quality we need. (Marty, 1981:52).If Marty had attended the InSTIL and EUROCALL conferences in 2000, no doubt
he would have been very, very impressed. Even though plenty of work remains,
we do seem to have very good voice quality in speech synthesis. The question today
is how can we best use these emerging technologies, and so Marty’s suggestion
that we must better understand our needs in foreign language teaching remains very
relevant. What are the needs for foreign language teaching in the 21st century? The
papers at EUROCALL 2000 as well as other work in technology, business, and language
teaching suggest that we should be prepared for change in the coming years, but
what kind of change? The turn of the century seems an appropriate time to examine
some of the speculation on the future of language teaching in general, as well
as how technology fits into that future. This paper considers these general
questions, and then suggests ways in which links might be made between work
in second language acquisition (SLA) and CALL in order to put technologies
to use for L2 teaching.
The implications of Cape Sable seaside sparrow demography for Everglades restoration
Authors: Lockwood Julie L. , Fenn Katherine H. , Caudill Jeffery M. , Okines David , Bass Oron L. , Duncan Jeffery R. , Pimm Stuart L. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe Cape Sable seaside sparrow is a Federally listed endangered species endemic to south Florida's Everglades. It nests near the ground in seasonally dry prairies. Consequently, the timing and depth of seasonal water flows determine its fate. With water management plans the central focus of Everglades' restoration schemes, the demography of this bird becomes central to hydrologic planning. In order to understand how its demography influences restoration options, we calculated survivorship, fecundity and dispersal within three of the sparrow's six populations. Nearly 40% of adult sparrows die from year to year. Sparrows can produce up to four broods per breeding season, and typically produce two (March to August). Females lay an average of three eggs per nest, two of which usually hatch. The success of these nests varies among populations such that nests in population E are more than four times as likely to fledge young as nests within population A. Nest success within population B is 26% early in the breeding season, but drops to 9% after the onset of summer rains in early June. Nests are built 16 to 21 cm from the soil surface making them vulnerable to water depths that exceed these values. Based on observations of marked individuals, sparrows generally remain within a 1 km area centred on their breeding grounds. We have never observed immigration between populations. A simple demographic model demonstrates that breeding success and duration appear to constrain sparrow population growth more than other demographic parameters. Maintaining suitable breeding conditions restricts water management options to those that will restore hydrological conditions to their original patterns.
Magnetochronostratigraphic Data From Three Sediment Cores Recovered From the SE Pacific, Off Patagonia, Chile
Authors: Nowaczyk Norbert R. , Liu Jiabo , Hagemann Julia , Lamy Frank , Harada Naomi , Nagashima Kana , Iwasaki Shinya , Murayama Masafumi , Lange Carina B. , Arz Helge W. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThree long sediment cores recovered from the SE Pacific were subjected to a comprehensive magnetostratigraphic investigation. According to the partly preliminary age models obtained, the cores reach 48, 140, and 482 ka back in time, respectively. At two sites (PC02 and PC03 at ∼46°S) sedimentation rates are highly variable, ranging from about 2 to 100 cmka−1, whereas sedimentation rates are significantly lower at the southernmost site (PC04, ∼51°S), ranging from about 1 to 20 cmka−1. All three cores provide evidence for the Laschamps geomagnetic excursion at 41 ka. However, the excursion was recorded during times of low sedimentation rates and thus, only little detail on geomagnetic field variability could be obtained. Nevertheless, the excursion is documented in inclination and declination, thus as a full reversal, and is associated with a deep low in relative paleointensity. At site PC04, the Iceland Basin excursion (∼195 ka) was also recorded as a short almost reversed phase, followed by an apparently long phase of non‐dipolar directions, all associated with a deep low in paleointensity. This is interpreted as the result of variable sedimentation rates not resolved by the preliminary age model of the core. A directional anomaly coinciding with a deep low in paleointensity at around 220 ka is interpreted as the Pringle Falls excursion. Besides these findings, no evidence for further excursions could be found in the studied cores.
A Low Ionosphere Occultation Observation Method Based on Differential Weight Separation
Authors: Zhong Jialiang , Han Sijia , Wang Caiyun , Guo Wei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRadio occultation observation has garnered significant attention owing to its low‐cost, all‐weather, and global coverage feature. However, traditional occultation inversion methods lead to error accumulation due to assumptions that are not entirely suitable in the real ionospheric environment, resulting in poor performance in the low ionosphere (D, E layers). In this article, we propose a new method for inverting the electron density in low ionosphere using high‐precision 50 Hz occultation data. This method can eliminate the fixed constant term of 50 Hz data and obtain a sharper weighting function through epoch differencing. The inversion results have a good consistency with the results of the ionosonde, with a correlation coefficient of 0.92 and a determination coefficient of 0.85. In addition, the new method can retrieve local details of electron density profiles and capture sporadic E layer (Es), providing support for the study of Es layer morphology and structure.
Between-center variability in the outcome of VLBW infants is not affected by socioeconomic deprivation
Authors: Nador Csaba , Valek Andrea , Juhasz Attila , Nagy Csilla , Bodrogi Eszter , Szabo Miklos , Jermendy Agnes 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
While outcomes of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants have improved significantly in high-income countries over recent decades, data from Central-Eastern Europe are lacking. The study aimed to evaluate trends in VLBW infant outcomes and hypothesized that a variability exists in the performance of NICUs in Hungary.

Methods
This was a population-based cohort study of VLBW infants, conducted between 2014–2016 (Epoch 1); and between 2019–2021 (Epoch 2) involving all Level III NICUs in Hungary. The primary composite outcome was death or any of the five major morbidities. Adjustments were made for case-mix and hospital-level factors, and the impact of deprivation, a composite index of socioeconomic status, was assessed.

Results
The composite outcome decreased from 39.1% in Epoch 1 (n = 3438) to 34.3% in Epoch 2 (n = 3084) (p < 0.001). Mortality rate reduced significantly by 1.7% (p = 0.028). The rate of late-onset sepsis dropped by 4.8% (p < 0.001). The adjusted odds of adverse composite outcome decreased 5% yearly (aOR 0.95 (95% C.I. 0.92–0.97)). There was a significant between-center variability in the composite outcome, but it showed no correlation with the deprivation.

Conclusions
Composite outcome trends improved over time, but substantial variability persists among NICUs which cannot be explained by patient characteristics, patient volume, or deprivation.

Impact statement

Our study presents the first comprehensive, population-based analysis of VLBW infant outcomes in the Central-Eastern European region.

Composite outcome trends of death and the five major morbidities have shown significant improvement over the past decade among VLBW infants in Hungary.

A substantial variability exists between the performance of level III NICUs, independent of case-mix and patient volume.

The odds of adverse outcome in VLBW infants is not correlated with deprivation, a municipal level metric of socioeconomic status.
ACE-Breast-02: a randomized phase III trial of ARX788 versus lapatinib plus capecitabine for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer
Authors: Hu Xichun , Zhang Qingyuan , Wang Leiping , Zhang Jian , Ouyang Quchang , Wang Xiaojia , Li Wei , Xie Weimin , Tong Zhongsheng , Wang Shusen , Xu Faliang , Sun Tao , Liu Wei , Chen Zhendong , Wu Jinsheng , Wang Ying , Wang Haixia , Yan Min , Wang Xinshuai , Wang Jingfen , Cao Feilin , Du Yingying , Zhang Yongqiang , Chen Lilin , Lu Ping , Sun Sanyuan , Zhang Ruiwen , Zang Aimin , Nie Xiuqing , Lei Yuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This phase III trial aimed to compare ARX788, a site-specific, construct-homogeneous antibody-drug conjugate, with lapatinib plus capecitabine in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced breast cancer (ABC) who had progressed on one line of trastuzumab based regimen. Eligible patients were randomized (1:1) to receive ARX788 (1.5 mg/kg, IV, Q3W) or lapatinib plus capecitabine (LC: lapatinib 1250 mg QD; capecitabine 1000 mg/m2 BID, days 1–14, Q3W) and stratified by prior chemotherapy lines (0-1 versus >1) and visceral metastasis (yes versus no). The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS) assessed by a blinded independent central review (BICR). A total of 441 patients were randomly assigned to receive either ARX788 (n = 221) or LC (n = 220). The median PFS was 11.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.4–13.8) months with ARX788 compared with 8.2 (95% CI, 6.9–8.7) months with LC, as per BICR (hazard ratio [HR] 0.64, p = 0.0006). Frequencies of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) of any grade were 98.6% and 99.1% for ARX788 and LC, respectively. Grade ≥3 TRAEs were 41.4% and 40.0%, respectively, the most common adverse events were blurred vision (12.3%), dry eye (9.1%), keratopathy (5.9%), and interstitial lung disease (ILD, 5.9%) with ARX788; hand-foot syndrome (18.1%) and hypokalemia (5.1%) with LC; all the hematological and gastrointestinal events of grade ≥3 with ARX788 were less than 3%. Six treatment-related deaths occurred, with three cases possibly related to ILD. ARX788 significantly improved PFS compared with LC in patients with HER2-positive ABC with a distinct toxicity profile, supporting it as a potential treatment option.