bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Microbiota and Metabolites Are Associated With Effects of Bile Acid Sequestrant on Icteric Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Authors: Ma Xiong , Li Bo , Zhang Jun , Chen Yong , Wang Qixia , Yan Li , Wang Rui , Wei Yiran , You Zhengrui , Li Yikang , Miao Qi , Xiao Xiao , Lian Min , Chen Weihua , Qiu Dekai , Fang Jingyuan , Gershwin M. Eric , Tang Ruqi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
BackgroundIncreasing data suggests an interaction between bile acids (BAs) and intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Bile acid sequestrants are widely used to bind BA in the intestinal lumen and therefore are posited to impact gut bacteria. Herein we aimed to investigate the effects of cholestyramine on the BA profile and gut microbiome in a cohort of icteric PBC patients. Results Thirty-three PBC patients were treated with cholestyramine and serum and stool samples were collected at baseline, 4 and 16 weeks. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing, targeted metabolomic profiling were performed. Following cholestyramine administration, patients exhibited a high inter-personal variability in remission of cholestasis, and were therefore dichotomized according to the decrease of total bilirubin. In general, BA profiling revealed a shift toward a more hydrophilic milieu, along with decreased circulating fibroblast growth factor 19 and increased active glucagon-like peptide 1. Gut microbial co-abundance networks showed distinct taxa interactions in subjects with superior remission (SR) and those with inferior remission (IR) at baseline. Compositional shifts of the microbiome in SR group were characterized with enrichment of two Lachnospiraceae species, typically producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In contrast, Klebsiella pneumonia, a commensal pathobiont, was only increased in IR group. Correspondingly, patients with SR, but not IR, were marked by elevations of SCFAs including valeric acid and caproic acid. Finally, integrative analysis identified robust associations between the variations of microbiota, metabolites, and inflammatory cytokines in SR group, indicating potential mechanistic links.ConclusionsBeneficial responses caused by cholestyramine were closely related with compositional and functional alterations in gut commensal, highlighting the possibility of exploring bile acids-microbiota interactions for treating PBC.
Effect of Alkali Metal Ions on the Formation Mechanism of HCN&nbsp;During Pyridine Pyrolysis
Authors: Liu Ji , Zhao Wei , Fan Xin-rui , Xu Ming-xin , Zheng Shu , Lu Qiang 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The present work aims at the effects of alkali metal ions (Na+, K+) on the NOx precursor formation during coal pyrolysis by employing the N-containing pyridine as the model compound. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to elucidate the pyridine pyrolysis mechanism and pathways for the HCN formation. The calculation results indicate that Na+ and K+ have distinct influences on different pyrolysis reactions. The two alkali metal ions can facilitate the initial hydrogen transfer from C1 to N and C2, while it is the opposite situation for other hydrogen migration reactions. Both Na+ and K+ significantly reduce the activation energies for the C-C bond breakage and the formation of the triple bond, whereas the activation energies are increased for isomerization reactions. The two alkali metal ions modulate the rate-determining step of the pyrolysis process and promote the formation of HCN from pyridine by decreasing the activation energies of the rate-determining steps in different pathways.
Temporal changes in anthropogenic seismic noise levels associated with economic and leisure activities during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nimiya Hiro , Ikeda Tatsunori , Tsuji Takeshi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Seismic noise of frequencies >1 Hz includes noise that is strongly related to human activities. Reduction in seismic noise during the COVID-19 pandemic has been observed worldwide as restrictions were imposed on numerous human activities to control outbreaks of the virus. In this context, we studied the effect of reduced anthropogenic activities during COVID-19 on the noise levels in the Tokyo metropolitan area, Japan, considering seasonal variation. A significant reduction in noise was observed during the emergency, including that of frequencies >20 Hz, which was associated with school activities. After lifting the state of emergency, noise reverted to previous levels immediately for weekdays, but gradually for Sunday. This was likely because economic activities instantly resumed post-emergency on weekdays; however, most people still continued to avoid non-essential outings on Sunday. We also observed seasonal variation related to school holidays, energy consumption, and industrial activity. Noise levels in the frequency range of 1–5 Hz were found to be related to construction activity, which increased in winter and gradually decreased from 2017. Our findings demonstrate that seismic noise can be used to monitor economic activities and movement of people at a local scale.
Separation of memory span and learning rate: evidence from behavior and spontaneous brain activity in older adults
Authors: Chen Shuyuan , Li Rui , Wang Pengyun , Li Juan 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective: It is unclear how the ability to initially acquire information in a first learning trial relates to learning rate in subsequent repeated trials. The separation of memory span and learning rate is an important psychological dilemma that remains unaddressed. Given the potential effects of aging on memory and learning, this study investigated behavior and spontaneous brain activity in adults in the context of memory span and learning rate. Method: We enrolled a total of 758 participants, including 707 healthy older adults and 51 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. Sixty-five participants out of 707 completed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. Results: Behaviorally, memory span and learning rate were not correlated with each other in the paired-associative learning test (PALT) but were negatively correlated in the auditory verbal learning test (AVLT). This indicated that the relationship between memory span and learning rate for item memory might be differentially affected by aging. Interaction analysis confirmed that these two capacities were differentially affected by test type (associative memory vs. item memory). Additionally, at the level of brain activity, distinct directions of correlation coefficients and brain regions for memory span and learning rate were detected using correlation analysis between behavioral performance and spontaneous brain activity. Regarding pathological aging, none of the correlations between memory span and learning rate were significant in either PALT or AVLT in MCI. Conclusion: This study provides novel evidence for the dissociation of memory span and learning rate at behavioral and brain activity levels, which may have useful applications in detecting cognitive deficits or conducting cognitive interventions.
Human Immune Response to COVID-19 Infection and Potential Role of Chloroquine Family of Drugs
Authors: Singh Sunita , PS Chandra Shekharaiah , Paul Vishal , Kodgire Santosh , Kushwaha Shivbachan , Sanyal Debanjan , Dasgupta Santanu 
Published: September 2020

Currently, world is witnessing a massive morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 pandemic. A novel strain of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus enters inside the body and infect the cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. The S1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to the ACE2 receptor which results in endocytosis and transfer of virus into endosomes of body cells. Entry of SARS-CoV-2 results in activation of innate immune responses first followed by adaptive immune responses. The effective host immune responses are crucial to control and prevent viral infection. However, excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines and decrease in number of T-lymphocytes are the major reasons associated with severity of COVID-19. Therapies and drugs that can modulate the immune responses appropriately may play a crucial role to control and prevent the progression of disease. Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antitumor, antimicrobial and antithrombotic effects. These drugs have already been registered in many countries to treat arthritis, lupus and malaria. The treatment responses of COVID-19 patients to these drugs have been found positive in some cases and clinical studies are underway for evaluating these drugs for the same. However, there are some serious side effects and health hazards associated. Many regulatory bodies are demanding more conclusive data on efficacy and safety from the clinical studies. Moreover, some regulatory bodies such as Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) have recommended to use these drugs in emergency and chronic situation to treat critically ill COVID-19 patients under doctor’s supervision with all issued guidelines. The national task force (NTF) set up by Indian Council of Medical Research has recommended high risk individuals to take HCQ for prophylaxis. This review summarizes human immune response and various aspects of CQ and HCQ with special reference to COVID-19.
New Approaches to Spray Disinfectants to Fight Coronavirus
Authors: Juikar Siddhi J , G Raja KrishnaKumar 
Published: September 2020

Our world is facing an unprecedented public health and economic crisis due to COVID-19. In this toughest challenging time, we are proposing some effective & affordable techniques for spraying disinfectants on each house, streets and roads of nation to help humanity to cope up with this calamity. We propose new spraying techniques and different type of disinfectants to disinfect larger areas repeatedly using two wheelers and other automobiles where larger vehicles can’t access and disinfect routinely. This will be effective in current as well as post lockdown pandemic era because very large population is involved in this movement andcommon public areas will be disinfected repeatedly and regularly without energy consumption.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Dietary Habits of Middle-Class Population in Mulund, Mumbai, India
Authors: Mehta Vidhi 
Published: September 2020

In India, the SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 pandemic has grown to 112,359 cases and 3,435 deaths as per 21st May, 2020. The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) affected the world with 4,893,186 cases and 323,256 deaths as of 21st May, 2020. The WHO declared the outbreak as a public health emergency of international concern on 30th January, 2020 and it was declared as a pandemic in March 2020. Clinical studies conducted on hospitalized cases show that the onset of COVID-19 is associated with symptoms commonly associated with viral pneumonia, most commonly fever, cough/sore throat and myalgia/fatigue. COVID-19 world pandemic imposed a new set of challenges for the individual to maintain a healthy diet. When compared to the USA, India is currently facing lesser cases of the pandemic because of early implementation of the preventive measures such as a lockdown. Because of the lockdown imposed, India has and is facing a downfall in every aspect, such as the economy, the agriculture, the health sector, the IT and management sectors and also tourism. This in turn, will have a negative impact on the quality of life and economy in India. The present paper aims to find out the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the health sector and is based on the results obtained from a survey about the eating patterns of participants from Mulund, Mumbai, India. It was seen that the mental stress caused due to the pandemic had an effect on the dietary behaviors of the participants.
Association between Thiopurines Use and Pregnancy Outcomes in Female Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yang , Li Dandan , Guo Heng , Wang Weina , Li Xingang , Shen Su 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Conflicting data exist regarding the influence of thiopurines exposure on adverse pregnancy
outcomes in female patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Objective:
The aim of this study was to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive assessment of the safety of thiopurines in
pregnant IBD women.

Methods:
All relevant articles reporting pregnancy outcomes in women with IBD received thiopurines during pregnancy
were identified from the databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov) with the publication data
up to April 2020. Data of included studies were extracted to calculate the relative risk (RR) of multiple pregnancy outcomes:
congenital malformations, low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA), and spontaneous
abortion. The meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model.

Results:
Eight studies matched with the inclusion criteria and a total of 1201 pregnant IBD women who used
thiopurines and 4189 controls comprised of women with IBD received drugs other than thiopurines during pregnancy
were included. Statistical analysis results demonstrated that the risk of preterm birth was significantly increased
in the thiopurine-exposed group when compared to IBD controls (RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.00-1.79;
p=0.049; I2 =41%), while no statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of other adverse
pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusion:
Thiopurines used in women with IBD during pregnancy is not associated with congenital malformations,
LBW, SGA, or spontaneous abortion, but appears to have an association with an increased risk of
preterm birth.
Management of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Elnahry Ayman G. , Elnahry Gehad A. 
Published: September 2020

Background:
In the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, health systems are struggling to
prioritize care for affected patients, however, physicians globally are also attempting to maintain care for other lessthreatening medical conditions that may lead to permanent disabilities if untreated. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
(IIH) is a relatively common condition affecting young females that could lead to permanent blindness if not properly
treated. In this article, we provide some insight and recommendations regarding the management of IIH during the
pandemic.

Methods:
The diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment methods of IIH during the COVID-19 pandemic period are reviewed.
COVID-19 as a mimic of IIH is also discussed.

Results:
Diagnosis and follow-up of papilledema due to IIH during the COVID-19 pandemic can be facilitated by
nonmydriatic fundus photography and optical coherence tomography. COVID-19 may mimic IIH by presenting as
cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, papillophlebitis, or meningoencephalitis, so a high index of suspicious is required in
these cases. When surgical treatment is indicated, optic nerve sheath fenestration may be the primary procedure of choice
during the pandemic period.

Conclusion:
IIH is a serious vision threatening condition that could lead to permanent blindness and disability at a
relatively young age if left untreated. It could be the first presentation of a COVID-19 infection. Certain precautions
during the diagnosis and management of this condition could be taken that may allow appropriate care to be delivered to
these patients while minimizing the risk of coronavirus infection.
Institution-Specific Machine Learning Models for Prehospital Assessment to Predict Hospital Admission: Prediction Model Development Study
Authors: Shirakawa Toru , Sonoo Tomohiro , Ogura Kentaro , Fujimori Ryo , Hara Konan , Goto Tadahiro , Hashimoto Hideki , Takahashi Yuji , Naraba Hiromu , Nakamura Kensuke 
Published: September 2020

Background
Although multiple prediction models have been developed to predict hospital admission to emergency departments (EDs) to address overcrowding and patient safety, only a few studies have examined prediction models for prehospital use. Development of institution-specific prediction models is feasible in this age of data science, provided that predictor-related information is readily collectable.

Objective
We aimed to develop a hospital admission prediction model based on patient information that is commonly available during ambulance transport before hospitalization.

Methods
Patients transported by ambulance to our ED from April 2018 through March 2019 were enrolled. Candidate predictors were age, sex, chief complaint, vital signs, and patient medical history, all of which were recorded by emergency medical teams during ambulance transport. Patients were divided into two cohorts for derivation (3601/5145, 70.0%) and validation (1544/5145, 30.0%). For statistical models, logistic regression, logistic lasso, random forest, and gradient boosting machine were used. Prediction models were developed in the derivation cohort. Model performance was assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and association measures in the validation cohort.

Results
Of 5145 patients transported by ambulance, including deaths in the ED and hospital transfers, 2699 (52.5%) required hospital admission. Prediction performance was higher with the addition of predictive factors, attaining the best performance with an AUROC of 0.818 (95% CI 0.792-0.839) with a machine learning model and predictive factors of age, sex, chief complaint, and vital signs. Sensitivity and specificity of this model were 0.744 (95% CI 0.716-0.773) and 0.745 (95% CI 0.709-0.776), respectively.

Conclusions
For patients transferred to EDs, we developed a well-performing hospital admission prediction model based on routinely collected prehospital information including chief complaints.
ANALISIS KONSUMSI BERAS PADATINGKAT RUMAH TANGGA DI PROPINSI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: R Cristovao , Hartono Slamet , Mulyo Jangkung Handoyo 
Published: September 2020

The objectives of the study were (1) to determine thefactors influencing rice consumption in urban and rural areas of Yogyakarta Special Province and (2) to determine the own price, cross price and income elasticity of rice consumption at different income levels in rural and urban areas. National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS) data of 2005 Yogyakarta Special Province on rice consumption was used Totalrespondents 1990 households. Regression model used in the analysis was OLS. The result showed that thefactors that influence the consumption of rice are the price of the rice itself, price of the related household goods, income level, education of the mother, number offamily members, and location. Thefactors that individually influence rice consumption vary by kinds of rice, location, and income level. Therefore, the demand of rice in DIY is inelastic, the change of price did not significantly influence rice demand. Generally, rice is normal good at low income household level in the rural and urban areas andfor middle income in the rural, and in middle income and high income in the urban, rice is a inferior good. In other side, rice is Substituted for cassava and sweet potato. Rice is complementary for catfish, fermented soybean cake, cassava, egg, and tofu.Keywords: rice consumption, elasticity, substitution, complementary.
ANALISIS KONSUMSI PANGAN TINGKAT RUMAH TANGGA DI PROPINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Meliyanah Meliyanah , Hardyastuti Suhatmini , Djuwari Djuwari 
Published: September 2020

This research diamed to: 1) knowing the selft-price elasticity, cross-price elasticity and income elasticity of consumption per food item on household level according to location and income level; and 2) knowing the reation between level of income and food consumption on household level according to location and income level.This research used data from SUSENAS of Lmapung Province in 2002 with number of sample of 2091 household, which being differed between rural and urban areas based on low, middle, and high level of income. The data analysis used tobit model and sensored regression.The result showed that: 1) the demand of rice and beeh for household consumption in every level of income in rural and urban areas were inelastic; 2) Coen only been consumed by low income level household in rural areas and the demand was inelastic; 3) the demand of cassava for household consumption on low income level in urban area was elastic, While in middle income level, high income level and every level of income in rural area, cassava demand was inelastic. Cassava was considered as inferior goods; 4) The demand of fish for household consumption an every level of income in rural and urban areas was elastic. Household in rural area on every level of income and in urban areas on middle and high income level consider fish as a main necessity. While on low income level household in urban areas, it was considered as classy/exclusive good; 5) the demand of chicken; for household in rural areas on middle and high income level was inelastic. When in rural low income level and urban middle and high income level, was inelastic chicken meat was considend as classy/exclusive good the rural low income level household; 6) egg demand for household consumption in rural areas on every level of income was inelastic, while in urban area it was elastic for every level income; 7) the rural and urban household on every level of income considered rice as the stpale food; 8) Household in rural and urban areas on middle and high level of income considered beef as main necessity; 9) On household with middle income level in rural areas, egg was considere as inferior good; while an low income level in urban areas, egg was considere as expensive good.
ANALISIS DINAMIKA EKSPOR MINYAK NILAM INDONESIA KE AMERIKA SERIKAT
Authors: Sari Pinjung Nawang , Hartono Slamet 
Published: September 2020

This study to analyze the Indonesin patchouli oil export to the world main market (USA), beteen 1989-2009 oeriod by analyzing : (1) the export oerformance, (2) the export competitiveness, and (3) the factors influenced to Indonesian patchouly oil export demand to USA. The export performance was measured by trend of export, Trae Specialization Index (ISP), and Market Penetration Index (IPP); while the export competitives was measured by Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Acceleration Ration (AR) Index. This study shows that : (1) the export performance have worked well : (a) trend export was positive, (b) ISP was positive (maturity level), (c) average of IPP was the biggest (2) the export competitiveness was strong; (a) average of RCA was the biggest, (b) AR value approached to +1, the export acceleration worked well; (3) the significant factors influenced were world and France patchouli oil export, international price, and distillation point price. In order to maintained the export performance and decrease the competitiveness, should be done as following ; (1) to maintained the continuity of prioduct by making a commodity area consentration, (2) to strove the cooperation and support between government and industrialist, (3) government anda industrialist actively giving consulting to farmers for anticipating the world market needs and conditions, (4) improving the product quality; (5)mto give extra attention at buyer needs and stocks.