bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novelty in the gut: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19
Authors: Suresh Kumar Vishnu Charan , Mukherjee Samiran , Harne Prateek Suresh , Subedi Abinash , Ganapathy Muthu Kuzhali , Patthipati Venkata Suresh , Sapkota Bishnu 
Published: May 2020

Background
The COVID-19 epidemic has affected over 2.6 million people across 210 countries. Recent studies have shown that patients with COVID-19 experience relevant gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the GI symptoms of COVID-19.

Methods
A literature search was conducted via electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar, from inception until 20 March 2020. Data were extracted from relevant studies. A systematic review of GI symptoms and a meta-analysis comparing symptoms in severe and non-severe patients was performed using RevMan V.5.3.

Results

Pooled data from 2477 patients with a reverse transcription-PCR-positive COVID-19 infection across 17 studies were analysed. Our study revealed that diarrhoea (7.8%) followed by nausea and/or vomiting (5.5 %) were the most common GI symptoms. We performed a meta-analysis comparing the odds of having GI symptoms in severe versus non-severe COVID-19-positive patients. 4 studies for nausea and/or vomiting, 5 studies for diarrhoea and 3 studies for abdominal pain were used for the analyses. There was no significant difference in the incidence of diarrhoea (OR=1.32, 95% CI 0.8 to 2.18, Z=1.07, p=0.28, I
2
=17%) or nausea and/or vomiting (OR=0.96, 95% CI 0.42 to 2.19, Z=0.10, p=0.92, I
2
=55%) between either group. However, there was seven times higher odds of having abdominal pain in patients with severe illness when compared with non-severe patients (OR=7.17, 95% CI 1.95 to 26.34, Z=2.97, p=0.003, I
2
=0%).

Conclusion
Our study has reiterated that GI symptoms are an important clinical feature of COVID-19. Patients with severe disease are more likely to have abdominal pain as compared with patients with non-severe disease.
Community health workers in palliative care provision in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review of the literature
Authors: MacRae MacKenzie Clark , Fazal Owais , O'Donovan James 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundCommunity health workers (CHWs) are currently deployed in improving access to palliative care in a limited number of low-income or middle-income countries (LMICs). This review therefore aimed to document evidence from LMICs regarding (1) where and how CHWs are currently deployed in palliative care delivery, (2) the methods used to train and support CHWs in this domain, (3) the evidence surrounding the costs attached with deploying CHWs in palliative care provision and (4) challenges and barriers to this approach.MethodsWe conducted a systematic scoping review of the literature, adhering to established guidelines. 11 major databases were searched for literature published between 1978 and 2019, as well as the grey literature.Findings13 original studies were included, all of which were conducted in sub-Saharan African countries (n=10) or in India (n=3). Ten described a role for CHWs in adult palliative care services, while three described paediatric services. Roles for CHWs include raising awareness and identifying individuals requiring palliative care in the community, therapeutic management for pain, holistic home-based care and visitation, and provision of psychological support and spiritual guidance. Reports on training context, duration and outcomes were variable. No studies conducted a formal cost analysis. Challenges to this approach include training design and sustainability; CHW recruitment, retention and support; and stigma surrounding palliative care.ConclusionDespite relatively limited existing evidence, CHWs have important roles in the delivery of palliative care services in LMIC settings. There is a need for a greater number of studies from different geographical contexts to further explore the effectiveness of this approach.
Parenthood and pregnancy in Australians receiving treatment for end-stage kidney disease: protocol of a national study of perinatal and parental outcomes through population record linkage
Authors: Hewawasam Erandi , Gulyani Aarti , Davies Christopher E , Sullivan Elizabeth , Wark Sally , Clayton Philip A , McDonald Stephen P , Jesudason Shilpanjali 
Published: May 2020

IntroductionAchieving parenthood is challenging in individuals receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT; dialysis or kidney transplantation) for end-stage kidney disease. Decision-making regarding parenthood in RRT recipients should be underpinned by robust data, yet there is limited data on parental factors that drive adverse health outcomes. Therefore, we aim to investigate the perinatal risks and outcomes in parents receiving RRT.Methods and analysisThis is a multijurisdictional probabilistic data linkage study of perinatal, hospital, birth, death and renal registers from 1991 to 2013 from New South Wales, Western Australia, South Australia and the Australian Capital Territory. This study includes all babies born ≥20 weeks’ gestation or 400 g birth weight captured through mandated data collection in the perinatal data sets. Through linkage with the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) registry, babies exposed to RRT (and their parents) will be compared with babies who have not been exposed to RRT (and their parents) to determine obstetric and fetal outcomes, birth rates and fertility rates. One of the novel aspects of this study is the method that will be used to link fathers receiving RRT to the mothers and their babies within the perinatal data sets, using the birth register, enabling the identification of family units. The linked data set will be used to validate the parenthood events directly reported to ANZDATA.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from Human Research Ethics Committees (HREC) and Aboriginal HREC in each jurisdiction. Findings of this study will be disseminated at scientific conferences and in peer-reviewed journals in tabular and aggregated forms. De-identified data will be presented and individual patients will not be identified. We will aim to present findings to relevant stakeholders (eg, patients, clinicians and policymakers) to maximise translational impact of research findings.
Should free-text data in electronic medical records be shared for research? A citizens’ jury study in the UK
Authors: Ford Elizabeth , Oswald Malcolm , Hassan Lamiece , Bozentko Kyle , Nenadic Goran , Cassell Jackie 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundUse of routinely collected patient data for research and service planning is an explicit policy of the UK National Health Service and UK government. Much clinical information is recorded in free-text letters, reports and notes. These text data are generally lost to research, due to the increased privacy risk compared with structured data. We conducted a citizens’ jury which asked members of the public whether their medical free-text data should be shared for research for public benefit, to inform an ethical policy.MethodsEighteen citizens took part over 3 days. Jurors heard a range of expert presentations as well as arguments for and against sharing free text, and then questioned presenters and deliberated together. They answered a questionnaire on whether and how free text should be shared for research, gave reasons for and against sharing and suggestions for alleviating their concerns.ResultsJurors were in favour of sharing medical data and agreed this would benefit health research, but were more cautious about sharing free-text than structured data. They preferred processing of free text where a computer extracted information at scale. Their concerns were lack of transparency in uses of data, and privacy risks. They suggested keeping patients informed about uses of their data, and giving clear pathways to opt out of data sharing.ConclusionsInformed citizens suggested a transparent culture of research for the public benefit, and continuous improvement of technology to protect patient privacy, to mitigate their concerns regarding privacy risks of using patient text data.
On the origin of divergences in time-dependent orbifolds
Authors: Arduino Andrea , Finotello Riccardo , Pesando Igor 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe consider time-dependent orbifolds in String Theory and we show that divergences are not associated with a gravitational backreaction since they appear in the open string sector too. They are related to the non existence of the underlying effective field theory as in several cases fourth and higher order contact terms do not exist. Since contact terms may arise from the exchange of string massive states, we investigate and show that some three points amplitudes with one massive state in the open string sector are divergent on the time-dependent orbifolds. To check that divergences are associated with the existence of a discrete zero eigenvalue of the Laplacian of the subspace with vanishing volume, we construct the Generalized Null Boost Orbifold where this phenomenon can be turned on and off.
Updates from SIGDOC and CDQ
Authors: Richards Daniel P. , Ross Derek G. 
Published: May 2020

On behalf of SIGDOC and CDQ, we wanted to reach out to all of you and thank you for all you do in this difficult time. Our organization's greatest strength is in its members, and we hope you are all staying as safe and sane as possible while COVID-19 changes the way we work and play.
SIGDOC has yet to reach an official decision on the viability or nature of our 2020 Conference in Denton, TX, but the Executive Committee along with this year's Conference Committee, lead by Stacey Pigg, are in consistent contact and weighing options. Above all else, our decision will be informed by the values that we have articulated as an organization, which are: valuing human well-being; engaging in financial stewardship; respecting labor; foregrounding accessibility; supporting early-career scholars; establishing continuity; managing community and networkbuilding; supporting innovation; valuing industry practices; and maintaining and facilitating interorganizational and international relationships. The option for SIGDOC 2020 that best addresses these core values will be the option we select. For now, we have confirmation that the proceedings publications will be moving forward and supported by ACM and included in the Digital Library regardless of the decision we make on the conference. This is great news, and fulfills our values in supporting scholarship and valuing the labor done by our authors, reviewers, and our program cochairs, Josephine Walwema and Daniel Hocutt, who have worked diligently in the midst of the pandemic.
CDQ will continue to publish as often as we are able. We understand that our workflows have changed, dramatically for some of us. So while it may be that extra time is occasionally needed for a review, we remain committed to providing you as rapid turnaround as we can, and publishing cutting-edge research on communication design through our original articles, experience reports, and book reviews. In this issue, for example, we are pleased to share with you Sonia Stephens and Dan Richards' "Story mapping and sea level rise: Listening to global risks at street level," and Jennifer Roth Miller, Brandy Dieterle, Jennifer deWinter, and Stephanie Vie's "Social media in professional, technical, and scientific communication programs: A heuristic to guide future use." These two excellent articles are accompanied by reviews of Jonanna Boehnert's Design, ecology politics: Towards the ecocene, reviewed by Ryan Cheek, and Christa Teston's Bodies in flux: Scientific methods for negotiating medical uncertainty, reviewed by Ella Browning.
Challenges and Approaches to Measuring Repeat Fecal Immunochemical Test for Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Murphy Caitlin C. , Halm Ethan A. , Skinner Celette Sugg , Balasubramanian Bijal A. , Singal Amit G. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Background:
Colorectal cancer screening with fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) can reduce colorectal cancer–related mortality. Effectiveness of FIT may be compromised when patients do not adhere to a regular schedule. However, having no standard measure of repeat FIT presents challenges for assessing effectiveness across populations and settings. We compared three measures of repeat FIT in a large, integrated health care system in Dallas, Texas.

Methods:
We identified 18,257 patients age-eligible (50–60 years) for FIT in January 1–December 31, 2010 and followed over four rounds of screening. Measures included: (i) repeat FIT in prior screeners, or completion of FIT within 9–15 months of the previous; (ii) yes–no patterns, whereby patients were assigned yes or no in 9–15 month windows; and 3) proportion of time covered (PTC), or the amount of time patients were up-to-date with screening relative to time eligible.

Results:
Repeat FIT varied by measure. Using a prior screeners measure, 15.8% of patients with a normal FIT in round 1 completed repeat FIT in round 2. Repeat FIT was notably higher (52.3%) using PTC. The most common yes–no pattern was YNNN or “one-and-done,” and only 9.4% of patients completed two consecutive FITs across all rounds (YYNN).

Conclusions:
Different measures of repeat FIT yielded a range of estimates, making comparison across studies difficult. Researchers should weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each measure and select the most appropriate to their research question.

Impact:
Our study highlights the need for future research of repeat FIT measures that best approximate screening effectiveness.
Smart home automation towards the development of smart cities
Authors: Alam Tanweer , A. Salem Abdulrahman , O. Alsharif Ahmad , M. Alhejaili Abdulaziz 
Published: May 2020

Home automation system is a system that controls by the smart device using a mobile application. It can control home appliances such as light, fans, air conditions, and smart security locks, etc. Bluetooth or Wi-Fi technology will be used to control things remotely. Many people were thinking about that technology is taking a really huge part of our lives. It does! we’re living in a modern generation where smart and intelligent systems are necessary to be there wherever we are to make our lives easier and much better, for example, we can do many things faster, better, and more accurate.
Avifaunal diversity of Tilyar Lake, Rohtak, Haryana, India
Authors: Jagjeet Singh  , Sandeep Antil  , Vivek Goyal  , Malik Vinay 
Published: May 2020

Avian diversity of Tilyar Lake (28.883–28.879 0N & 76.637 –76.634 0E) located on the eastern outskirts of Rohtak, Haryana was conducted from May 2017 to April 2018. A total of 73 avian species belonging to 62 genera and 31 families under 15 orders was observed. Order Passeriformes with 21 species in 12 families dominated the avifauna whereas orders Bucerotiformes, Podicipediformes, and Psittaciformes were poorly represented with a single species each. Family Anatidae was the most dominant representing 13.89% (n=10) of the total species recorded. Among the reported species 75% (n=54) were resident while 25% (n=18) were migrant. Common Pochard Aythya ferina assessed globally as Vulnerable, while Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala, Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster and Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus are assessed as Near Threatened, whereas the rest of the species were in the Least Concern category of the IUCN Red List 2019. The omnivorous feeding habit was shown by the maximum number of species while frugivorous and granivorous bird species were in the least numbers. The rich avifaunal diversity of the Tilyar Lake confirms it as a suitable habitat for both resident and migrant bird species. Therefore, the present study suggests the need for incorporation of appropriate protective measures for conservation of the avian heritage of Tilyar Lake, Rohtak.
On the evidence of the Irrawaddy Dolphin Orcaella brevirostris (Owen, 1866) (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla: Delphinidae) in the Hooghly River, West Bengal, India
Authors: Roy Chowdhury Gargi , Roy Kanad , Goyal Naman , Warudkar Ashwin , Raza Rashid Hassnain , Qureshi Qamar 
Published: May 2020

We report the presence and status of the Irrawaddy Dolphin Orcaella brevirostris in the Hooghly River of West Bengal, India. These observations were made while conducting our field work on the Ganges River Dolphin, which involved vessel-based surveys as well as intensive monitoring from an anchored boat.
Records of dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) of Dipang Lake, with two new records to Nepal
Authors: Sajan K.C. , Gurung Juddha Bahadur 
Published: May 2020

Odonata fauna of Dipang Lake, Lekhnath, Kaski District was studied during April and May of 2019. Twenty-eight different species belonging to 20 genera and six families were recorded. Family Libellulidae was dominant representing 16 species. Among the recorded Odonata species, Aciagrion approximans (Selys, 1876) and Ceriagrion cerinorubellum (Brauer, 1865) are new records for Nepal.
Iron-Deficiency and Estrogen Are Associated With Ischemic Stroke by Up-Regulating Transferrin to Induce Hypercoagulability
Authors: Tang Xiaopeng , Fang Mingqian , Cheng Ruomei , Zhang Zhiye , Wang Yuming , Shen Chuanbin , Han Yajun , Lu Qiumin , Du Yingrong , Liu Yingying , Sun Zhaohui , Zhu Liping , Mwangi James , Xue Min , Long Chengbo , Lai Ren 
Published: May 2020

Rationale:
Epidemiological studies have identified an associate between iron deficiency (ID) and the use of oral contraceptives (CC) and ischemic stroke (IS). To date, however, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Both ID and CC have been demonstrated to upregulate the level and iron-binding ability of Tf (transferrin), with our recent study showing that this upregulation can induce hypercoagulability by potentiating FXIIa/thrombin and blocking antithrombin-coagulation proteases interactions.

Objective:
To investigate whether Tf mediates IS associated with ID or CC and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods and Results:
Tf levels were assayed in the plasma of IS patients with a history of ID anemia, ID anemia patients, venous thromboembolism patients using CC, and ID mice, and in the cerebrospinal fluid of some IS patients. Effects of ID and estrogen administration on Tf expression and coagulability and the underlying mechanisms were studied in vivo and in vitro. High levels of Tf and Tf-thrombin/FXIIa complexes were found in patients and ID mice. Both ID and estrogen upregulated Tf through hypoxia and estrogen response elements located in the Tf gene enhancer and promoter regions, respectively. In addition, ID, administration of exogenous Tf or estrogen, and Tf overexpression promoted platelet-based thrombin generation and hypercoagulability and thus aggravated IS. In contrast, anti-Tf antibodies, Tf knockdown, and peptide inhibitors of Tf-thrombin/FXIIa interaction exerted anti-IS effects in vivo.

Conclusions:
Our findings revealed that certain factors (ie, ID and CC) upregulating Tf are risk factors of thromboembolic diseases decipher a previously unrecognized mechanistic association among ID, CC, and IS and provide a novel strategy for the development of anti-IS medicine by interfering with Tf-thrombin/FXIIa interactions.
Reading from Worlds under the Text: Oceanic Women in the missio Dei
Authors: Dewerse Rosemary , Hine Cathy 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Missional hermeneutics is a relatively recent development in the field of biblical hermeneutics, emerging from several decades of scholarly engagement with the concept and frame of missio Dei. In a key recent publication in the field, Reading the Bible Missionally, edited by Michael Goheen, the voices of the Global South and of women – and certainly of women from Oceania – do not feature. In this article the authors, both Oceanic women, interrupt the discourse to read biblical text from their twice-under perspective. The Beatitudes provide the frame and the lens for a spiralling discussion of the missio Dei as, to borrow from Letty M. Russell, “calculated inefficiency.” Stories of faithful Oceanic women interweave with those of God and of biblical women, offering their complexities to challenge assumptions and simplicities.
Elucidating Diverse Drought Characteristics from Two Meteorological Drought Indices (SPI and SPEI) in China
Authors: Li Lingcheng , She Dunxian , Zheng Hui , Lin Peirong , Yang Zong-Liang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis study elucidates drought characteristics in China during 1980–2015 using two commonly used meteorological drought indices: standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized precipitation–evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The results show that SPEI characterizes an overall increase in drought severity, area, and frequency during 1998–2015 compared with those during 1980–97, mainly due to the increasing potential evapotranspiration. By contrast, SPI does not reveal this phenomenon since precipitation does not exhibit a significant change overall. We further identify individual drought events using the three-dimensional (i.e., longitude, latitude, and time) clustering algorithm and apply the severity–area–duration (SAD) method to examine the drought spatiotemporal dynamics. Compared to SPI, SPEI identifies a lower drought frequency but with larger total drought areas overall. Additionally, SPEI identifies a greater number of severe drought events but a smaller number of slight drought events than the SPI. Approximately 30% of SPI-detected drought grids are not identified as drought by SPEI, and 40% of SPEI-detected drought grids are not recognized as drought by SPI. Both indices can roughly capture the major drought events, but SPEI-detected drought events are overall more severe than SPI. From the SAD analysis, SPI tends to identify drought as more severe over small areas within 1 million km2 and short durations less than 2 months, whereas SPEI tends to delineate drought as more severe across expansive areas larger than 3 million km2 and periods longer than 3 months. Given the fact that potential evapotranspiration increases in a warming climate, this study suggests SPEI may be more suitable than SPI in monitoring droughts under climate change.
In Situ Simulation to Assess Pediatric Tracheostomy Care Safety: A Novel Multicenter Quality Improvement Program
Authors: Shah Sharan J. , Cusumano Cristen , Ahmed Sadia , Ma Anthony , Jafri Farrukh N. , Yang Christina J. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesOur objectives were (1) to use in situ simulation to assess the clinical environment and identify latent safety threats (LSTs) related to the management of pediatric tracheostomy patients and (2) to analyze the effects of systems interventions and team factors on LSTs and simulation performance.MethodsA multicenter, prospective study to assess LSTs related to pediatric tracheostomy care management was conducted in emergency departments (EDs) and intensive care units (ICUs). LSTs were identified through equipment checklists and in situ simulations via structured debriefs and blinded ratings of team performance. The research team and unit champions developed action plans with interventions to address each LST. Reassessment by equipment checklists and in situ simulations was repeated after 6 to 9 months.ResultsForty‐one LSTs were identified over 21 simulations, 24 in the preintervention group and 17 in the postintervention group. These included LSTs in access to equipment (ie, availability of suction catheters, lack of awareness of the location of tracheostomy tubes) and clinical knowledge gaps. Mean equipment checklist scores improved from 76% to 87%. Twenty‐one unique teams (65 participants) participated in the simulations. The average simulation score was 6.19 out of 16 points.DiscussionIn situ simulation is feasible and effective as an assessment tool to identify latent safety threats and thus measure the system‐level performance of a clinical care environment.Implications for PracticeIn situ simulation can be used to identify and reassess latent safety threats related to pediatric tracheostomy management and thereby support quality improvement and educational initiatives.