bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mini Review on Superhydrophobic and Transparent Surfaces
Authors: Fei Ling , He Zizhou , LaCoste Jed D , Nguyen Thu Hoai , Sun Yingqiang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn recent years, self‐cleaning and transparent surfaces have been widely studied for application on smart windows, solar panels, camera lenses, and other optoelectronic devices. The self‐cleaning properties can possibly extend the lifetime of these products and decrease, even eliminate, the requirement of chemical detergents and high labor costs of cleaning. It can also promote the overall efficiency of outdoor optoelectronic devices (e. g. solar cell panels) since dirt accumulation and bacteria growth can be slowed down, even inhibited on such surfaces. In this mini review, the fundamentals and conditions that govern superhydrophobicity and transparency are introduced, followed by the discussion of roughness as the competing factor for superhydrophobicity and transparency. Representative examples of the surface design and fabrication are introduced and future perspectives are shared. This mini review can help the research community better understand such surfaces and further accelerate its development for innovative practical applications.
Recent trends and developments in forensic DNA extraction
Authors: Chong Kevin Wai Yin , Thong Zhonghui , Syn Christopher Kiu‐Choong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe extraction of DNA is a fairly standard procedure routinely undertaken in biological academic and research settings. In a forensic DNA context, DNA extraction is the crucial first step toward the generation of DNA profiles used to support convictions or exonerations in the criminal justice system. However, it is often complicated by the additional challenge of yielding sufficient quantities of clean DNA that is free from environmental inhibitors, from a wide spectrum of sample types which may contain limited quantities of biological material. While improvements in methods and technology over the decades have sped up and simplified the process of DNA extraction, several issues remain to be fully addressed—such as the incomplete separation of spermic DNA from sperm‐epithelial cell mixtures, increasing demands for ever‐faster DNA results, or even on‐scene DNA processing, and processing of difficult samples such as skeletal remains or samples contaminated by Chemical, Biological, or Radiological (CBR) agents. These challenges are often compounded by high work volumes and limited quantities of starting material. As such, this review focuses on recent trends and developments in four areas of forensic DNA extraction: (a) analysis of sexual assault evidence which often represents a significant portion of a forensic DNA laboratory's casework, (b) use of portable rapid DNA instruments which has gained much traction among law enforcement in recent times, (c) DNA extraction from difficult and CBR‐contaminated samples which, albeit rare, would be essential in a DNA laboratory's toolbox in the event of an incident, and (d) bypassing DNA extraction altogether.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Biology > Forensic DNA Technologies
Extended actions, dynamics of edge modes, and entanglement entropy
Authors: Geiller Marc , Jai-akson Puttarak 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this work we propose a simple and systematic framework for including edge modes in gauge theories on manifolds with boundaries. We argue that this is necessary in order to achieve the factorizability of the path integral, the Hilbert space and the phase space, and that it explains how edge modes acquire a boundary dynamics and can contribute to observables such as the entanglement entropy. Our construction starts with a boundary action containing edge modes. In the case of Maxwell theory for example this is equivalent to coupling the gauge field to boundary sources in order to be able to factorize the theory between subregions. We then introduce a new variational principle which produces a systematic boundary contribution to the symplectic structure, and thereby provides a covariant realization of the extended phase space constructions which have appeared previously in the literature. When considering the path integral for the extended bulk + boundary action, integrating out the bulk degrees of freedom with chosen boundary conditions produces a residual boundary dynamics for the edge modes, in agreement with recent observations concerning the contribution of edge modes to the entanglement entropy. We put our proposal to the test with the familiar examples of Chern-Simons and BF theory, and show that it leads to consistent results. This therefore leads us to conjecture that this mechanism is generically true for any gauge theory, which can therefore all be expected to posses a boundary dynamics. We expect to be able to eventually apply this formalism to gravitational theories.
Natural axion model from flavour
Authors: Chuliá Salvador Centelles , Döring Christian , Rodejohann Werner , Saldaña-Salazar Ulises J. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
We explore a common symmetrical origin for two long standing problems in particle physics: the strong CP and the fermion mass hierarchy problems. The Peccei-Quinn mechanism solves the former one with an anomalous global U(1)PQ symmetry. Here we investigate how this U(1)PQ could at the same time explain the fermion mass hierarchy. We work in the context of a four-Higgs-doublet model which explains all quark and charged fermion masses with natural, i.e. order 1, Yukawa couplings. Moreover, the axion of the model constitutes a viable dark matter candidate and neutrino masses are incorporated via the standard type-I seesaw mechanism. A simple extension of the model allows for Dirac neutrinos.
Akzidentelle Fixierung eines Pulmonalarterienkatheters während einer Herztransplantation
Authors: Bleiler S. , Holzamer A. 
Published: September 2020

ZusammenfassungDie akzidentelle Fixierung eines Pulmonalarterienkatheters durch eine Naht ist eine seltene Komplikation. Dieser Fall handelt von einem Patienten zur Herztransplantation, bei dem der Katheter mittels Naht an der oberen venösen Kanülierungsstelle der Herz-Lungen-Maschine fixiert wurde. Nach Diagnostik mittels Fluoroskopie erfolgten die Resternotomie und die Lösung der Naht, woraufhin sich der Katheter entfernen ließ. Der Patient trug keine Folgeschäden davon.
Die Gewährleistung von Krankheitshilfen bei asylsuchenden Menschen: Zweiklassenmedizin in Deutschland?
Authors: Hollederer Alfons 
Published: September 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Es gibt im Bereich des Asylbewerberleistungsgesetzes (AsylbLG) zwei Möglichkeiten der Leistungsgewährung mit praktischer Relevanz für die Gesundheitsversorgung (abhängig von der Voraufenthaltszeit): die Grundleistungen und die Leistungen in besonderen Fällen analog zum Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB) XII.

Methodik
Die Sekundärdatenanalyse untersucht das Leistungsgeschehen im Krankheitsfall bei den Leistungsempfängern nach dem AsylbLG beim Forschungsdatenzentrum der Statistischen Ämter des Bundes und der Länder. Dem untersuchten Personenkreis wurde noch keine Flüchtlingseigenschaft bzw. Asylberechtigung zuerkannt.

Ergebnisse
Zum Stichtag 31.12.2018 bezogen 423.201 Personen in Deutschland Leistungen nach dem AsylbLG. Davon war gut ein Drittel Frauen. Das Durchschnittsalter betrug 24 Jahre. Über die Hälfte stammte aus Asien. Über ein Drittel aller Leistungsempfänger befand sich in ambulanter (33,5 %) oder stationärer Behandlung (1,3 %). Zwischen den Bundesländern variierten die Leistungen zur Hilfe bei Krankheit sowie die gesundheitsbezogenen Pro-Kopf-Bruttoausgaben sehr stark. Die Gewährung von Leistungen bei Krankheit war in Aufnahmeeinrichtungen relativ gering. Mit Gesundheitskarte war die Inanspruchnahme stationärer Behandlung generell höher.
Die gesundheitsbezogene Regelversorgung mit Hilfen in besonderen Fällen (§2 AsylbLG analog SGB XII) erreichte einen größeren Anteil an leistungsberechtigten Menschen mit 42,7 % am Jahresende als die Minimalversorgung nach §3 AsylbLG mit 29,0 %. Sie verursachte trotzdem im Vergleich weniger Bruttoausgaben.

Schlussfolgerung
Es wird empfohlen, §2 AsylbLG schon bei einer Voraufenthaltszeit ab 3 Monaten anzuwenden, um frühzeitiger die Hilfen analog Kap. 5–9 SGB XII gewähren zu können. Eine flächendeckende Einführung der Gesundheitskarte würde den Zugang verbessern.
Early childhood internalizing problems, externalizing problems and their co-occurrence and (mal)adaptive functioning in emerging adulthood: a 16-year follow-up study
Authors: Arslan İldeniz B. , Lucassen Nicole , van Lier Pol A. C. , de Haan Amaranta D. , Prinzie Peter 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
A vast amount of studies suggest that internalizing or externalizing problems are related to individual functioning, and often co-occur. Yet, a focus on their additive and interactive effects is scarce. Furthermore, most research has focused on a limited number of developmental domains and mostly on maladaptive functioning. Therefore, the current prospective study examined whether early childhood (ages 4–8) internalizing and externalizing problems and their interaction were related to a broad range of (mal)adaptive functioning outcomes in emerging adulthood (ages 20–24).

Methods
Data from the Flemish Study on Parenting, Personality and Development were used. At Time 1 (1999) mothers of 374 children (45% boys) and fathers of 357 children (46% boys) rated internalizing and externalizing problems through the Child Behavior Checklist. Outcomes in emerging adulthood were measured through self-reports 16 years later across the following domains: psychological functioning, social functioning, work, physical health, and self-concept.

Results
Early externalizing problems were related to maladaptive outcomes on the psychological and social domains. With regard to adaptive functioning, externalizing problems were associated with lower satisfaction regarding general health on the physical domain. Early internalizing problems were not associated with any emerging adulthood outcomes. The interaction of (father reported) internalizing and externalizing problems was related to aggressive behavior.

Conclusion
Early childhood externalizing problems were associated with maladaptive and adaptive functioning over a time span of 16 years. The results add to studies on the implementation of prevention and intervention programs in early childhood and to the value for developing personalized interventions.
Algebraicity of special L-values attached to Siegel–Jacobi modular forms
Authors: Bouganis Thanasis , Marzec Jolanta 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn this work we obtain algebraicity results on specialL-values attached to Siegel–Jacobi modular forms. Our method relies on a generalization of the doubling method to the Jacobi group obtained in our previous work, and on introducing a notion of near holomorphy for Siegel–Jacobi modular forms. Some of our results involve also holomorphic projection, which we obtain by using Siegel–Jacobi Poincaré series of exponential type.
Comparative studies of urolithins and their phase II metabolites on macrophage and neutrophil functions
Authors: Bobowska Aneta , Granica Sebastian , Filipek Agnieszka , Melzig Matthias F. , Moeslinger Thomas , Zentek Jürgen , Kruk Aleksandra , Piwowarski Jakub P. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Ellagitannins are high molecular weight polyphenols present in high quantities in various food products. They are metabolized by human and animal gut microbiota to postbiotic metabolites-urolithins, bioavailable molecules of a low molecular weight. Following absorption in the gut, urolithins rapidly undergo phase II metabolism. Thus, to fully evaluate the mechanisms of their biological activity, the in vitro studies should be conducted for their phase II conjugates, mainly glucuronides. The aim of the study was to comparatively determine the influence of urolithin A, iso-urolithin A, and urolithin B together with their respective glucuronides on processes associated with the inflammatory response.

Methods
The urolithins obtained by chemical synthesis or isolation from microbiota cultures were tested with their respective glucuronides isolated from human urine towards modulation of inflammatory response in THP-1-derived macrophages, RAW 264.7 macrophages, PBMCs-derived macrophages, and primary neutrophils.

Results
Urolithin A was confirmed to be the most active metabolite in terms of LPS-induced inflammatory response inhibition (TNF-α attenuation, IL-10 induction). The observed strong induction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation has been postulated as the mechanism of its action. None of the tested glucuronide conjugates was active in terms of pro-inflammatory TNF-α inhibition and anti-inflammatory IL-10 and TGF-β1 induction.

Conclusion
Comparative studies of the most abundant urolithins and their phase II conjugates conducted on human and murine immune cells unambiguously confirmed urolithin A to be the most active metabolite in terms of inhibition of the inflammatory response. Phase II metabolism was shown to result in the loss of urolithins’ pharmacological properties.
Comparison of a second-generation trabecular bypass (iStent inject) to ab interno trabeculectomy (Trabectome) by exact matching
Authors: Al Yousef Yousef , Strzalkowska Alicja , Hillenkamp Jost , Rosentreter André , Loewen Nils A. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPurposeTo achieve a highly balanced comparison of trabecular bypass stenting (IS2, iStent inject) with ab interno trabeculectomy (T, Trabectome) by exact matching.MethodsFifty-three IS2 eyes were matched to 3446 T eyes. Patients were matched using exact matching by baseline intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of glaucoma medications, and glaucoma type, and using nearest neighbor matching by age. Individuals without a close match were excluded. All surgeries were combined with phacoemulsification.ResultsA total of 78 eyes (39 in each group) could be matched as exact pairs with a baseline IOP of 18.3 ± 5.1 mmHg and glaucoma medications of 2.7 ± 1.2 in each. IOP in IS2 was reduced to 14.6 ± 4.2 mmHg at 3 months and in T to a minimum of 13.1 ± 3.2 mmHg at 1 month. In IS2, IOP began to rise again at 6 months, eventually exceeding baseline. At 24 months, IOP in IS2 was 18.8 ± 9.0 mmHg and in T 14.2 ± 3.5 mmHg. IS2 had a higher average IOP than T at all postoperative visits (p< 0.05 at 1, 12, 18 months). Glaucoma medications decreased to 2.0 ± 1.5 in IS2 and to 1.5 ± 1.4 in T.ConclusionT resulted in a larger and sustained IOP reduction compared with IS2 where a rebound occurred after 6 months to slightly above preoperative values.
A SYBR green I real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for detection and quantification of Trichomonas gallinae
Authors: Rentería-Solís Zaida , Nguyen-Ho-Bao Tran , Taha Shahinaz , Daugschies Arwid 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTrichomonas gallinae are parasitic flagellates of importance in wild and domestic birds. The parasite is worldwide distributed, and Columbine birds are its main host. Current research focuses mostly on epidemiological and phylogenetic studies. However, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding parasite-host interaction or therapy development. Real-time PCR is a useful tool for diagnostic and quantification of gene copies in a determined sample. By amplification of a 113-bp region of the 18S small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, a SYBR green-based real-time PCR assay was developed. A standard curve was prepared for quantification analysis. Assay efficiency, linearity, and dissociation analysis were successfully performed. Specificity, sensibility, and reproducibility analysis were tested. This assay could be a useful tool not only for diagnostic purposes but also for future in vivo and in vitro T. gallinae studies.
Prior perineural or neonatal treatment with capsaicin does not alter the development of spinal microgliosis induced by peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Szeredi Ivett Dorina , Jancsó Gábor , Oszlács Orsolya , Sántha Péter 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury is associated with spinal microgliosis which plays a pivotal role in the development of neuropathic pain behavior. Several agents of primary afferent origin causing the microglial reaction have been identified, but the type(s) of primary afferents that release these mediators are still unclear. In this study, specific labeling of C-fiber spinal afferents by lectin histochemistry and selective chemodenervation by capsaicin were applied to identify the type(s) of primary afferents involved in the microglial response. Comparative quantitative morphometric evaluation of the microglial reaction in central projection territories of intact and injured peripheral nerves in the superficial (laminae I and II) and deep (laminae III and IV) spinal dorsal horn revealed a significant, about three-fold increase in microglial density after transection of the sciatic or the saphenous nerve. Prior perineural treatment of these nerves with capsaicin, resulting in a selective defunctionalization of C-fiber afferent fibers failed to affect spinal microgliosis. Similarly, peripheral nerve injury-induced increase in microglial density was unaffected in rats treated neonatally with capsaicin known to result in a near-total loss of C-fiber dorsal root fibers. Perineural treatment with capsaicin per se did not evoke a significant increase in microglial density. These observations indicate that injury-induced spinal microgliosis may be attributed to phenotypic changes in injured myelinated primary afferent neurons, whereas the contribution of C-fiber primary sensory neurons to this neuroimmune response is negligible. Spinal myelinated primary afferents may play a hitherto unrecognized role in regulation of neuroimmune and perisynaptic microenvironments of the spinal dorsal horn.
Dynamic Planar Voronoi Diagrams for General Distance Functions and Their Algorithmic Applications
Authors: Kaplan Haim , Mulzer Wolfgang , Roditty Liam , Seiferth Paul , Sharir Micha 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe describe a new data structure for dynamic nearest neighbor queries in the plane with respect to a general family of distance functions. These include $$L_p$$

L
p

-norms and additively weighted Euclidean distances. Our data structure supports general (convex, pairwise disjoint) sites that have constant description complexity (e.g., points, line segments, disks, etc.). Our structure uses $$O(n \log ^3 n)$$

O
(
n

log
3

n
)

storage, and requires polylogarithmic update and query time, improving an earlier data structure of Agarwal, Efrat, and Sharir which required $$O(n^{\varepsilon })$$

O
(

n
ε

)

time for an update and $$O(\log n)$$

O
(
log
n
)

time for a query [SICOMP 1999]. Our data structure has numerous applications. In all of them, it gives faster algorithms, typically reducing an $$O(n^{\varepsilon })$$

O
(

n
ε

)

factor in the previous bounds to polylogarithmic. In addition, we give here two new applications: an efficient construction of a spanner in a disk intersection graph, and a data structure for efficient connectivity queries in a dynamic disk graph. To obtain this data structure, we combine and extend various techniques from the literature. Along the way, we obtain several side results that are of independent interest. Our data structure depends on the existence and an efficient construction of “vertical” shallow cuttings in arrangements of bivariate algebraic functions. We prove that an appropriate level in an arrangement of a random sample of a suitable size provides such a cutting. To compute it efficiently, we develop a randomized incremental construction algorithm for computing the lowest k levels in an arrangement of bivariate algebraic functions (we mostly consider here collections of functions whose lower envelope has linear complexity, as is the case in the dynamic nearest-neighbor context, under both types of norm). To analyze this algorithm, we also improve a longstanding bound on the combinatorial complexity of the vertical decomposition of these levels. Finally, to obtain our structure, we combine our vertical shallow cutting construction with Chan’s algorithm for efficiently maintaining the lower envelope of a dynamic set of planes in $${{\mathbb {R}}}^3$$

R

3

. Along the way, we also revisit Chan’s technique and present a variant that uses a single binary counter, with a simpler analysis and improved amortized deletion time (by a logarithmic factor; the insertion and query costs remain asymptotically the same).
Effects of a structured exercise program on physical performance and function, quality of life and work ability of physically active breast cancer survivors
Authors: Hasenöhrl Timothy , Palma Stefano , Huber Dominikus F. -X. , Zdravkovic Andrej , Crevenna Richard 
Published: September 2020

Summary
Background
Purpose of this retrospective data analysis was to depict the effects of a structured off-season conditioning program with breast cancer survivors competing in dragon boat paddling.

Methods
In this study 10 breast cancer survivors (mean age 52.0 ± 5.4 years) who had finished the primary cancer treatment and who were paddlers of the Vienna Pink Dragon self-help group underwent a structured 10-week exercise program as part of their routine supportive treatment. Upper extremity strength, endurance capacity, shoulder flexibility, quality of life and work ability were assessed at baseline and after completion of the exercise program.

Results
Out of 10 patients 8 completed more than 80% of the exercise sessions. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) of the pooled exercise effects showed a very large effect size (Η2 = 0.982); however, the change from baseline to follow-up was non-significant (p = 0.363). In the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life of Cancer Patients Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) the exercise program led to a significant improvement of body image (p = 0.02) and less arm symptoms in the affected arm (p = 0.04).

Conclusion
A structured and well-planned exercise intervention program can have a large effect on the physical performance of pretrained breast cancer survivors. Moreover, it can increase the body image and decrease the arm symptoms in this population.
Tooth loss and adiposity: possible role of carnitine transporter (OCTN1/2) polymorphisms in women but not in men
Authors: Meisel Peter , Pagels Stefanie , Grube Markus , Jedlitschky Gabriele , Völzke Henry , Kocher Thomas 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Objective
SLC22A4/5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported to affect inflammatory diseases. We report the relationship of these polymorphisms with adiposity and tooth loss as elucidated in a 10-year follow-up study.

Methods
Participants of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP, N = 4105) were genotyped for the polymorphisms c.1507C > T in SLC22A4 (rs1050152) and -207C > G in SLC22A5 (rs2631367) using allele-specific real-time PCR assays. A total of 1817 subjects, 934 female and 883 male aged 30–80 years, underwent follow-up 10 years later (SHIP-2) and were assessed for adiposity and tooth loss.

Results
The frequencies of the rarer SLC22A4 TT and SLC22A5 CC alleles were 16.7% and 20.3%, respectively. In women, tooth loss was associated with genotype TT vs. CC with incidence rate ratio IRR = 0.74 (95% C.I. 0.60–0.92) and CC vs. GG IRR = 0.79 (0.65–0.96) for SLC22A4 and SLC22A5 SNPs, respectively. In men, no such associations were observed. In the follow-up examination, the relationship between tooth loss and these SNPs was in parallel with measures of body shape such as BMI, body weight, waist circumference, or body fat accumulation. The association between muscle strength and body fat mass was modified by the genotypes studied.

Conclusions
SLC22A4 c.150C > T and SLC22A5 -207C > G polymorphisms are associated with tooth loss and markers of body shape in women but not in men.

Clinical relevance
Tooth loss may be related to obesity beyond inflammatory mechanisms, conceivably with a genetic background.