bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Global Garden project: Imagining plant science
Authors: Lee Nicholas M. , Hodgson Hannah E. , Hann Chris , O’Driscoll Mike , Stebbings Samantha , Matthewman Colette , Kent Miriam , Rant Jenni , Osbourn Anne 
Published: September 2020

Social Impact StatementPlants are rich sources of drugs and other high‐value chemicals that are used by humans. Many of the plant species that produce important molecules grow in remote locations and have extensive histories of indigenous use. Global concerns about sustainable supply have in some cases led to the development of alternative methods for production using biotechnological approaches. Consideration of responsible stewardship and use of the world's plants and associated traditional knowledge for the greater human good are at the heart of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the recently implemented Nagoya Protocol. The development of fora that enable open discussion and exploration of issues relating to these aspects will be critical in endeavors to protect and preserve both the environment and present and future generations.SummaryHere, we investigate the application of cross‐disciplinary approaches to explore societal perceptions of plants and their uses, focusing on high‐value chemicals. The Global Garden project engages the public, researchers, and regulators in day‐long workshops that combine science, poetry, and visual arts practice to foster participants’ skill in imagining and re‐imagining relationships between high‐value plant products, biotechnology, and social and ethical aspects of these. The project represents an intervention into discussions of science communications and public engagement, addressing the uses and benefits of arts‐based approaches to foster imaginative engagement with plant science. The workshop reported here began with real plant case studies and a discussion of the aims of scientists using them. Participants were invited to respond to the issues of relationships among plants, chemicals, and people raised by the case studies through poetry and visual artwork. The poems and artwork that were produced show variation in the participants’ imaginings of plant science. They present distinctive visions of research and innovation and of the associated ethical and social implications. This type of forum, based on creative immersion, opens up opportunities for engaging with and exploring complex relations between plant biotechnology, society, and ethics. This article offers a reflection on the uses, challenges, and implications of arts‐based approaches to research communications and public engagement that disrupts traditional knowledge transfer structures. In doing so, we frame the project within science communication pedagogies and consider public engagement a form of pedagogy.
Burning Phenomena of a Polymeric Fuel Containing Expandable Graphite
Authors: Muller Gabriele T. , Gany Alon 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis research aims at studying experimentally the surface processes occurring during burning of a solid polymeric fuel containing a small fraction of expandable graphite (EG) particles/flakes (nominal size 150 μm). Solid polymeric fuels burning in oxidizer or air streams are found in propulsion devices such as hybrid rocket motors or solid fuel ramjets. It was revealed that the inclusion of EG particles in the fuel may increase its burning (regression) rate. Expandable graphite is a specific type of intercalated graphite, which, at elevated temperatures, tends to swell and form worm‐like strings several folds longer than the original particles. The behavior of these strings and the dynamic phenomena at the fuel surface subjected to a flame at atmospheric conditions have been visualized using high‐speed (1000 pictures per second) video photography. Formation and growth of the EG strings have been observed revealing characteristic times of tens of milliseconds and a typical length in a millimeter range. Individual EG strings emit from the surface and are eventually entrained by the gas flow without causing crumbling or detachment of layers from the fuel surface.
Sample size calculation for logrank test and prediction of number of events over time
Authors: Lu Kaifeng 
Published: September 2020

AbtractWe review and compare existing methods for sample size calculation based on the logrank statistic and recommend the method of Lakatos for its accuracy and flexibility in allowing time‐dependent rates of event, loss to follow‐up, and noncompliance. We extend the Lakatos method to allow a general follow‐up scheme, to handle non‐inferiority tests, and to predict the number of events over calendar time. We apply the Lakatos method to the simple nonproportional hazard situation of delayed treatment effect to facilitate the comparison of different weighting methods and to evaluate the performance of the maximum combination tests. We use simulation studies to confirm the validity of the Lakatos method and its extensions.
Thermochemical spin‐orbit corrections for platinum cation (Pt+)
Authors: Irikura Karl K. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn quantum thermochemistry, many atoms require spin‐orbit corrections to compensate for the lack of spin‐orbit coupling in most calculations. When terms or configurations are strongly mixed, as they are in Pt+, naïve averaging of experimental data produces erroneous corrections. Here, spin‐orbit calculations provide the composition of observed energy levels in LS (Russell‐Saunders) terms. The compositional data are combined with the experimental energy levels to obtain averaged term energies for Pt+, including the ground‐term spin‐orbit correction. For ground‐state Pt+, a correction of (−4251 ± 136) cm−1 or (−50.8 ± 1.6) kJ mol−1 is recommended. The recommended value for the 2D‐4F excitation energy, which represents the nominal 5d‐6s promotion energy, is (7112 ± 225) cm−1. For anionic Pt−, simple J‐averaging is appropriate, and the ground‐state spin‐orbit correction is (−3896.4 ± 0.2) cm−1 or (−46.611 ± 0.002) kJ mol−1.
A rare case of lung squamous cell carcinoma coexisting with pulmonary MALT lymphoma presenting as a progressive pGGN
Authors: Yang Li , Wang Ting , Ge Mingjian , Zhang Min , Cao Youde , Guo Shuliang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPulmonary extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) presenting as a progressive pure ground‐glass nodule (GGN) coexisting with lung squamous cell carcinoma has not been reported. A 65‐year‐old male presented with a progressive lung GGN in the left upper lobe identified six and a half years ago but showed no symptoms. The patient had a history of tuberculosis, squamous cell carcinoma, and stomach MALT lymphoma. The patient was diagnosed with lung squamous cell carcinoma coexisting with pulmonary MALT lymphoma through computed tomography (CT)‐guided lung biopsy. A progressive lung GGN presenting in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma does not always indicate multiple primary lung adenocarcinoma, especially when given a specific medical history. The development of MALT lymphoma in the lung presenting as GGNs suggests a possible association between these two entities.
Worsening respiratory failure in an adult hydrocephalic patient with a ventriculo‐pleural shunt
Authors: Wong Edmond , Jeganathan Vishnu , Wreghitt Samuel , Davis Gavin , Wimaleswaran Hari , Howard Mark E 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVentriculo‐pleural (VPL) shunt insertion is performed in hydrocephalic patients when alternative sites of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion are contraindicated. These include patients with peritoneal complications from ventriculo‐peritoneal shunts. Despite its utility, VPL shunts are uncommon. Hydrothoraces should be considered as a potential cause of dyspnoea in the setting of a VPL shunt. We present a case of worsening respiratory failure in the setting of a massive CSF hydrothorax in a hydrocephalic patient with a VPL shunt to highlight this potential complication of pleural CSF diversion, and present a potential management strategy in patients with premorbid underlying lung pathology. In this case, the hydrothorax was drained and the shunt was converted to ventriculo‐atrial (VA) shunt.
Ultra‐Stable Freestanding Lipid Membrane Array: Direct Visualization of Dynamic Membrane Remodeling with Cholesterol Transport and Enzymatic Reactions
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Ro , Lee Yohan , Oh Seung Soo , Choi Siyoung Q. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCell membranes actively change their local compositions, serving essential biological processes such as cellular signaling and endocytosis. Although membrane dynamics is vital in the cellular functions, the complexity of natural membranes has made its fundamental understanding and systematic assessment difficult. Here, a powerful artificial membrane system is developed for real‐time visualization of the spatiotemporal dynamics of membrane remodeling. Through well‐defined air/oil/water interfaces on grid holes, tens of planar lipid bilayer membranes are easily created, and their reproducibility, controllability, and generality are highlighted. The freestanding membranes are large but also highly stable, facilitating direct long‐term monitoring of dynamic membrane reconstitution caused by external stimuli. As an example to demonstrate the superiority of this membrane system, the effect of cholesterol trafficking, which significantly affects biophysical properties of cell membranes, is investigated at different membrane compositions. Cholesterol transport into and out of the membranes at different rates causes anomalous lipid arrangements through cholesterol‐mediated phase transitions and decomposition, which have never been witnessed before. Furthermore, enzyme‐induced membrane dynamics is successfully shown in this platform; sphingomyelinases locally generate asymmetry between two membrane leaflets. This technique is broadly applicable for exploring the membrane heterogeneity under various membrane‐based reactions, providing valuable insight into the membrane dynamics.
Ethanol Electrooxidation on Rhodium–Lead Catalysts in Alkaline Media: High Mass Activity, Long‐Term Durability, and Considerable CO2 Selectivity
Authors: Lan Bing , Huang Min , Wei Rui‐Lin , Wang Chao‐Nan , Wang Qiong‐Lan , Yang Yao‐Yue 
Published: September 2020

AbstractRhodium (Rh)‐based catalysts may solve the long‐standing inefficient oxidation of ethanol for direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs); however, the performance of ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) on existing Rh‐based catalysts are far limited. Herein, the Rh–Pb catalysts are synthesized by building Pb and Pb oxide around Rh nanodomain, which shows highly efficient splitting CC bond and facile further oxidation of as‐generated C1 intermediates (COad and CHx fragments). It exhibits an ever‐highest EOR peak mass activity of ≈2636 mA mg−1Rh among Rh‐based catalysts in alkaline media. Meanwhile, its anodic current remains ≈50% even after a 4 h durability test at 0.53 V versus RHE. As for the C1‐pathway selectivity, in situ infrared adsorption spectral (IRAS) results demonstrate that it could significantly improve the production of CO2. More directly, the apparent faraday efficiency of EOR C1 pathway is estimated to be as high as 20% (at 0.53 V versus RHE). This Rh–Pb catalyst could hold great promise for developing the commercial DEFCs.
An anti‐phishing enterprise environ model using feed‐forward backpropagation and Levenberg‐Marquardt method
Authors: Sankhwar Shweta , Pandey Dhirendra , Khan Raees Ahmad , Mohanty Sachi Nandan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractPhishing in an enterprise is serious issue rising in wide scale and complexity, as phishers use email phishing via obfuscated, malicious or phished URLs and continuously adapt or innovate their strategies to lure victims for identity theft for financial benefits. To gain victim's trust and confidence phishers have started using visceral factors and familiarity cues. Phishing is not always money centric; phisher defame the user's goodwill and character. Defamation in enterprise could be much more traumatic than being embarrassed at a social networking site. It is a challenging task to address this issue. It is evident through literature review that single phishing detection filter approaches are insufficient to detect phishing in enterprise environ. Therefore, a novel anti‐phishing model for enterprise using artificial neural network is proposed. In addition, this model effectively identifies whether the phishing email is known phishing or unknown phishing to reduce the trust and familiarity‐based email phishing enterprise environ. The feed‐forward backpropagation and Levenberg‐Marquart methods of ANN are adopted to enhance the URL classification process and with Fuzzy Inference System to get result with imprecise data of social features. The proposed model can accurately classify the known and unknown email phishing via URLs.
Die neue Experimenta in Heilbronn
Authors: Werwigk Michael , Böhling Stefan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn Heilbronn entstand bis 2019 der Erweiterungsbau des Experimenta Science Center. Das geometrisch höchst anspruchsvolle Gebäude besteht aus fünf Geschossen, die einen pentagonalen Grundriss aufweisen und zueinander verdreht und übereinandergestapelt sind. Das in Stahlverbundbauweise entwickelte Tragwerk wird von einem zentralen Stahlbetonkern ausgesteift, von dem sich die Holorib‐Verbunddecken auf die raumhohen Stahlfachwerkwände spannen, die in ihren Überschneidungspunkten die Lasten abtragen.Nachfolgender Bericht erläutert den Tragwerksentwurf und die planerische Umsetzung hinsichtlich eines effizienten Bauablaufs. Aus Firmensicht wird zudem über die Werkstattplanung, Fertigung und Montage berichtet.
Stahlbaubetriebe in der DDR am Beispiel des Metallleichtbaukombinats
Authors: Johne Hans 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStahlbau in der DDRIm vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein kurzer Überblick über die Entwicklung der Stahlbaubetriebe in der DDR im Zeitraum 1945–1997 am Beispiel des Metallleichtbaukombinats gegeben. Die Entstehung, Entwicklung und Profilierung des Kombinats, realisierte Vorhaben und Auslandsaktivitäten, die Wende und der gemeinsame deutsche Markt sowie die Arbeit im Deutschen Stahlbau‐Verband DSTV werden aus der Sicht des Zeitzeugen beschrieben.
Experiment and time‐varying characteristics of steel corrosion in magnesium oxychloride cement
Authors: Gong Wei , Wang Nan , Zhang Na , Chen Guangfeng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe steel corrosion in magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) restrains the application and popularization of MOC products. However, MOC is a green cementitious material. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the steel corrosion in MOC. Aiming at this issue, firstly, the Stern–Geary constant (B) applied to the steel corrosion in MOC was calculated and verified. Secondly, the influence of different steel and mineral admixtures on the steel corrosion in MOC was studied by electrochemical method. Thirdly, the time‐varying models of steel corrosion were given. Fourthly, the life of the steel‐MOC system was calculated based on the time‐varying model. Finally, the time‐varying characteristics of steel corrosion in MOC was proposed. The results show that B of 25 mV is suitable for the corroded steel, whereas B of 40 mV is appropriate for uncorroded steel, in MOC. In addition, the type of steel has a significant effect on steel corrosion in MOC. The anticorrosive effect of metakaolin is less than that of fly ash. The anticorrosive effect of MOC with single admixture is better than that with compound admixture. Besides, the development process of steel corrosion in MOC can be divided into three stages: the descending phase conforming to the exponential time‐varying model in the early stage, the ascending phase conforming to the logarithmic time‐varying model in the middle stage, and the descending phase conforming to the exponential time‐varying model in later stage.
Eccentric punching strength of continuous flat slabs—Analysis of different experimental setups
Authors: Secci Lorenzo , Lapi Massimo , Teoni Emanuele , Pinho Ramos Antonio , Orlando Maurizio 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThis paper analyses the performance of the experimental setups to assess the punching strength of slab‐column connections in continuous flat slabs under vertical and horizontal loading. In the last years, several experimental campaigns have been performed to investigate the punching strength of slab‐column connections, but most of the experimental tests concerned isolated slab‐column connections. Among the few setups aimed at reproducing the eccentric punching failure in continuous flat slabs, the setup developed at the NOVA School of Science and Technology in Lisbon is considered in this paper. The performance of the Lisbon setup is assessed through nonlinear finite element analyses, calibrated on experimental data, by comparison with numerical results of a theoretical continuous setup. Then, the performance of the isolated setups, used in many researches and at the base of some international codes, is also evaluated through the same finite element model. Numerical analyses highlight that the setup developed in Lisbon could provide reliable ultimate rotations of continuous flat slab connections, but it underestimates the punching strength. Despite isolated setups lead to similar results when compared with the Lisbon setup, the latter seems to provide a better representation of a continuous slab‐column connection. The numerical analyses presented in this paper have been performed assuming monotonic lateral loading.
Miconazole induces protective autophagy in bladder cancer cells
Authors: Ho Chao‐Yen , Chang An‐Chen , Hsu Chung‐Hua , Tsai Te‐Fu , Lin Yi‐Chia , Chou Kuang‐Yu , Chen Hung‐En , Lin Ji‐Fan , Chen Po‐Chun , Hwang Thomas I‐Sheng 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAutophagy plays a dual function in cancer progression; autophagy activation can support cancer cell survival or contribute to cell death. Miconazole, a Food and Drug Administration‐approved antifungal drug, has been implicated in oncology research recently. Miconazole was found to exert antitumor effects in various tumors, including bladder cancer (BC). However, whether it provokes protective autophagy has been never discussed. We provide evidence that miconazole induces protective autophagy in BC for the first time. The results indicated that 1A/1B‐light chain 3 (LC3)‐II processing and p62 expression were elevated after miconazole exposure. Also, adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase phosphorylation was increased after miconazole treatment. We also confirmed the autophagy‐promoting effect of miconazole in the presence of bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1). The result indicates that a combination treatment of miconazole and Baf A1 improved LC3‐II processing, confirming that miconazole promoted autophagic flux. The acridine orange, Lysotracker, and cathepsin D staining results indicate that miconazole increased lysosome formation, revealing its autophagy‐promoting function. Finally, miconazole and autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine cotreatment further reduced the cell viability and induced apoptosis in BC cells, proving that miconazole provokes protective autophagy in BC cells. Our findings approve that miconazole has an antitumor effect in promoting cell apoptosis; however, its function of protective autophagy is needed to be concerned in cancer treatment.
Cross‐modality and in‐vivo validation of 4D flow MRI evaluation of uterine artery blood flow in human pregnancy
Authors: Hwuang E. , Wu P. H. , Rodriguez‐Soto A. , Langham M. , Wehrli F. W. , Vidorreta M. , Moon B. , Kochar K. , Parameshwaran S. , Koelper N. , Tisdall M. D. , Detre J. A. , Witschey W. , Schwartz N. 
Published: September 2020

ABSTRACTObjectivesClinical assessment of uterine artery (UtA) hemodynamics is currently limited to Doppler ultrasound (US) velocimetry. We have demonstrated previously the feasibility of applying four‐dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate UtA hemodynamics during pregnancy, allowing flow quantification of the entire course of the vessel. In this study, we sought to further validate the physiological relevance of 4D flow MRI measurement of UtA blood flow by exploring its association with pregnancy outcome relative to US‐based metrics.MethodsRecruited into this prospective, cross‐sectional study were 87 women with a singleton pregnancy who underwent 4D flow MRI between May 2016 and April 2019 to measure the UtA pulsatility index (MRI‐PI) and blood flow rate (MRI‐flow, in mL/min). UtA‐PI was also measured using US (US‐PI). The primary outcome was a composite (COMP) of pre‐eclampsia (PE) and/or small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonate, and secondary outcomes were PE and SGA neonate individually. We assessed the ability of MRI‐flow, MRI‐PI and US‐PI to distinguish between outcomes, and evaluated whether MRI‐flow changed as gestation progressed.ResultsFollowing 4D flow postprocessing and exclusions from the analysis, 74 women had 4D flow MRI data analyzed for both UtAs. Of these, 18 developed a COMP outcome: three developed PE only, 11 had a SGA neonate only and four had both. A comparison of the COMP group vs the no‐COMP group found no differences in maternal age, body mass index, nulliparity, gravidity or race. For 66 of the 74 subjects, US data were also available. In these subjects, both median MRI‐PI (0.95 vs 0.70; P < 0.01) and median US‐PI (0.95 vs 0.73; P < 0.01) were significantly increased in subjects in the COMP group compared with those in the no‐COMP group. The UtA blood‐flow rate, as measured by MRI, did not increase significantly from the second to the third trimester (median flow (interquartile range (IQR)), 543 (419–698) vs 575 (440–746) mL/min; P = 0.77), but it was significantly lower overall in the COMP compared with the no‐COMP group (median flow (IQR), 486 (366–598) vs 624 (457–749) mL/min; P = 0.04). The areas under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curves for MRI‐flow, MRI‐PI and US‐PI in predicting COMP were not significantly different (0.694, 0.737 and 0.731, respectively; P = 0.87).Conclusions4D flow MRI can yield physiological measures of UtA blood‐flow rate and PI that are associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. This may open up new avenues in the future to expand the potential of this technique as a robust tool with which to evaluate UtA hemodynamics in pregnancy. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
RETRACTED: Bending, buckling and vibration analyses of FG porous nanobeams resting on Pasternak foundation incorporating surface effects
Authors: Enayat Shahzad , Hashemian Mohammad , Toghraie Davood , Jaberzadeh Erfan 
Published: September 2020

AbstractIn the current paper, size‐dependent mechanical analysis of functionally graded porous (FGP) nanobeams resting on Pasternak foundation in thermal environment is presented based on nonlocal strain gradient theory and Gurtin‐Murdoch surface elasticity theory. The nanobeam is modeled based on Euler‐Bernoulli beam theory, Timoshenko beam theory and Reddy's third‐order shear deformation theory and the set of the governing equations are solved for a clamped‐clamped FGP nanobeam using generalized differential quadrature method. Numerical results show that as porosity parameter increases, static deflection increases and critical buckling load decreases, but its effect on the fundamental frequency strongly depends on the porosity distribution pattern. It was revealed that among all studied porosity distribution patterns, the minimum value of the static deflection and maximum values of critical buckling load and fundamental frequency can be achieved using symmetric distribution pattern of pores. It is concluded that tensional residual stress reduces static deflection and increases both critical buckling load and fundamental frequency and temperature rise has reverse effects.