bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of hydrothermal and chemical treatment on the optical and electrical properties of reduced graphene oxide deposited on ITO glass
Authors: Olumurewa K O , Olofinjana B , Fasakin O , Akhigbe G E , Eleruja M A , Ajayi E O B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In this work, the effect of hydrothermal and chemical treatment on the optical and electrical properties of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was investigated. Reduced graphene oxide was synthesized by both hydrothermal route using a locally fabricated Teflon lined autoclave and chemical method using hydrazine monohydrate. The thin film was obtained by depositing RGO on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass via spray pyrolysis technique. In RGO hydrothermal, the Raman spectroscopy analysis showed greater restoration of the conjugated networks in graphene sheet. The optical transmittance of RGO hydrothermal and RGO hydrazine decreased after the reduction methods unlike in highly oxidized graphene oxide (HOGO) where eighty percent transmittance was observed at 600 nm and above. For RGO hydrothermal and RGO hydrazine; the optical analysis gave an energy band gap value of 2.1 eV and 2.4 eV respectively, while the resistivity were calculated to be 0.3 Ω m and 0.09 Ω m respectively. This research showed a correlation between the band gap value of RGO and the electrical conductivity. This finding can improve the functionality of RGO as sensing materials. The improved electrical and optical properties of RGO hydrothermal makes it suitable in fiber-optic and opto-electronic applications.
A Systemic Lifecycle Approach to Social Policy Practice in Social Work: Illustrations from Irish Child Welfare and Parenting Research and Practice
Authors: McGregor Caroline , Millar Michelle 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe aim of this article is to outline a systemic lifecycle approach to social policy practice in social work. Evidence from the field of parenting and child welfare within an Irish context will be used for illustration. We avail of the work of Nancy Fraser to provide the theoretical framework. Drawing from approaches used mostly in public policy education, we demonstrate how social workers can engage at different stages of that policy lifecycle. In the discussion, we outline possibilities for and challenges to embedding social policy practice in social work education by reflecting on the processes of mediating between recognition, redistribution and representation. We argue that social policy practice should be a constant in social work. This approach should favour parity of participation and collaborative leadership from social work with regard to networking and promotion of different levels of participation with multiple ‘public spheres’. We conclude that the development of social policy practice work as a constant in social work will lead to greater ability to mediate between policies and the individuals affected by them. This would, we believe, enhance greatly the potential for social work to achieve its laudable but still illusory aims of promoting social justice.
A walk on the dirt: soil microbial forensics from ecological theory to the crime lab
Authors: Jurkevitch Edouard , Pasternak Zohar 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACTForensics aims at using physical evidence to solve investigations with science-based principles, thus operating within a theoretical framework. This however is often rather weak, the exception being DNA-based human forensics that is well anchored in theory. Soil is a most commonly encountered, easily and unknowingly transferred evidence but it is seldom employed as soil analyses require extensive expertise. In contrast, comparative analyses of soil bacterial communities using nucleic acid technologies can efficiently and precisely locate the origin of forensic soil traces. However, this application is still in its infancy, and is very rarely used. We posit that understanding the theoretical bases and limitations of their uses is essential for soil microbial forensics to be judiciously implemented. Accordingly, we review the ecological theory and experimental evidence explaining differences between soil microbial communities, i.e. the generation of beta diversity, and propose to integrate a bottom-up approach of interactions at the microscale, reflecting historical contingencies with top-down mechanisms driven by the geographic template, providing a potential explanation as to why bacterial communities map according to soil types. Finally, we delimit the use of soil microbial forensics based on the present technologies and ecological knowledge, and propose possible venues to remove existing bottlenecks.
Newton Polygon Stratification of the Torelli Locus in Unitary Shimura Varieties
Authors: Li Wanlin , Mantovan Elena , Pries Rachel , Tang Yunqing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study the intersection of the Torelli locus with the Newton polygon stratification of the modulo $p$ reduction of certain Shimura varieties. We develop a clutching method to show that the intersection of the open Torelli locus with some Newton polygon strata is non-empty. This allows us to give a positive answer, under some compatibility conditions, to a question of Oort about smooth curves in characteristic $p$ whose Newton polygons are an amalgamate sum. As an application, we produce infinitely many new examples of Newton polygons that occur for smooth curves that are cyclic covers of the projective line. Most of these arise in inductive systems that demonstrate unlikely intersections of the open Torelli locus with the Newton polygon stratification in Siegel modular varieties. In addition, for the 20 special Shimura varieties found in Moonen’s work, we prove that all Newton polygon strata intersect the open Torelli locus (if $p&gt;&gt;0$ in the supersingular cases).
Magma Mushes of the Fogo Island Batholith: a Study of Magmatic Processes at Multiple Scales
Authors: Graham B , Dunning G , Leitch A M 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This field, petrographic, and geochemical study examines mingling of compositionally similar rocks at multiple scales. Evidence of complex magma interaction in a multi-component crystal mush reservoir is preserved within the Wild Unit, located along the NE shoreline of Fogo Island, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The irregular contacts and lack of chilled margins between units, the back-intrusion of younger units by older units, the similar composition of units, and an overlap in U–Pb zircon ages suggest that all units interacted as viscous crystal mushes at similar temperatures in the shallow crust. Abundant rounded to ellipsoidal magmatic enclaves, of which there are at least three populations based on composition and crystallinity, appear to represent separate magmas that were entrained either as earlier mush material or crystal-poor intrusions that experienced break-up. Evidence of changes in liquid environment at deeper levels is preserved both in the field and at the mineral scale, where it is highlighted by abrupt compositional spikes in traverses across early forming plagioclase and pyroxene crystals. Heterogeneity in textures and composition of both major minerals (plagioclase and pyroxene) and an accessory mineral (zircon) point to processes such as crystal exchange and capture affecting tonalite crystal mushes, magmatic enclaves, and other intrusions in the study area earlier in their histories at deeper levels.
Use of a Smart Pump and Dedicated Medication Line to Reduce Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Damage
Authors: Pritchett Deborah , Bjornson Tige , Randall Kristine , Walsh-Sunde Anita , Nygaard Carol , Jarman Ashley , Schumacher Bette 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) infants frequently require peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) placement for medication and nutrition. The occurrence of leaking catheters led to practice evaluation of manual intravenous (IV) flush and medication push technique in an upper Midwest NICU. A variation in unit practice was revealed.

Purpose:
To describe an evidence-based practice change that standardized medication administration, eliminating routine manual IV push medication and flush administration and reducing catheter malfunction. Emergency “code” medication administration was not addressed.

Methods:
A systematic review of the literature was performed. A unit practice investigation ensued to study medication administration techniques and syringe size utilization, understand syringe pressure generated by various sizes of syringes, select optimal IV tubing supplies, review the smart pump library, electronic order sets/documentation, and address staff knowledge and skills. Practice change eliminating IV push and recommendations incorporating best evidence occurred.

Results:
Moving from a traditional method of manual pushing/flushing medication to use of medication delivery via smart pump can decrease or eliminate PICC damage and potential harm to neonatal patients.

Implications for Practice:
Examination of IV push technique may identify opportunities for safer medication administration. Use of an infusion pump and a dedicated medication line can be a feasible option to deliver most IV medication doses in the NICU.

Implications for Research:
Safe medication administration practices for the neonatal population and barriers to that practice.

Video Abstract available at
https://journals.lww.com/advancesinneonatalcare/Pages/videogallery.aspx?autoPlay=false&videoId=41
Different Immunohistochemical Localization of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 5 in Actinic Keratosis Compared with That in Bowen's Disease: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ahn Bokyung , Kim Chul Hwan , Chae Yang-Seok , Lee Jeong Hyeon , Lee Youngseok , Ahn Hyo Hyun , Lee Yoo Jin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract:
Actinic keratosis (AK) and Bowen's disease (BD) are common premalignant lesions of invasive squamous cell carcinoma that have different pathogenesis and clinical significance. Fatty acid–binding protein 5 (FABP5) is responsible for keratinocyte homeostasis and differentiation; however, no study has revealed its expression in AK and BD. Our study aimed to investigate the differential expression and significance of FABP5 in these lesions. Patients with pathologically confirmed cases of AK (n = 37) and BD (n = 12) were included in this study. FABP5 immunostaining pattern was assessed in the normal skin, AK and BD lesions, with a focus on the staining patterns of basal cells, atypical keratinocytes, and uninvolved epidermal keratinocytes. All patients with AK showed negative FABP5 expression in the atypical cells in the basal layer, whereas the uninvolved upper layers showed diffuse, strong FABP5 expression, regardless of the grade of AK. All patients with BD showed heterogeneous and diffuse FABP5 expression in atypical cells of all layers of the epidermis. This study is the first to investigate the role of FABP5 in premalignant skin lesions. The unique immunohistochemical localization of the FABP5 can be a helpful diagnostic marker, and altered fatty acid metabolism may be the key in understanding the different pathophysiology of AK and BD.
Substantial decline in heavily treated therapy-experienced persons with HIV with limited antiretroviral treatment options
Authors: Bajema Kristina L. , Nance Robin M. , Delaney Joseph A.C. , Eaton Ellen , Davy-Mendez Thibaut , Karris Maile Y. , Moore Richard D. , Eron Joseph J. , Rodriguez Benigno , Mayer Kenneth H. , Geng Elvin , Garris Cindy , Saag Michael S. , Crane Heidi M. , Kitahata Mari M. 
Published: October 2020

Objective:
Historically, a high burden of resistance to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in heavily treatment-experienced (HTE) persons with HIV (PWH) resulted in limited treatment options (LTOs). We evaluated the prevalence, risk factors, and virologic control of HTE PWH with LTO throughout the modern ART era.

Design:
We examined all ART-experienced PWH in care between 2000 and 2017 in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems cohort.

Methods:
We computed the annual prevalence of HTE PWH with LTO defined as having two or less available classes with two or less active drugs per class based on genotypic data and cumulative antiretroviral resistance. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to examine risk of LTO by 3-year study entry periods adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics.

Results:
Among 27 133 ART-experienced PWH, 916 were classified as having LTO. The prevalence of PWH with LTO was 5.2–7.5% in 2000–2006, decreased to 1.8% in 2007, and remained less than 1% after 2012. Persons entering the study in 2009–2011 had an 80% lower risk of LTO compared with those entering in 2006–2008 (adjusted hazard ratio 0.20; 95% confidence interval: 0.09–0.42). We found a significant increase in undetectable HIV viral loads among PWH ever classified as having LTO from less than 30% in 2001 to more than 80% in 2011, comparable with persons who never had LTO.

Conclusion:
Results of this large multicenter study show a dramatic decline in the prevalence of PWH with LTO to less than 1% with the availability of more potent drugs and a marked increase in virologic suppression in the current ART era.
Endoscopic Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block Efficacy in the Management of Periorbital Edema and Ecchymosis After Septorhinoplasty
Authors: Sari Neslihan , Uysal Ersin 
Published: October 2020

Aim:
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPGB) on postoperative edema and ecchymosis for the patients undergoing septorhinoplasty (SRP).

Methods:
In the study, a total number of 55 participant patients (40% male and 60% female, aged between 18 and 42 years) undergoing hump resection and osteotomies were allocated into 2 groups. The SPGB (+) group consisted of 27 patients who underwent SPGB, while the SPGB (–) group consisted of 28 patients who underwent SRP without SPGB. On the first, third, and seventh postoperative days (POD1, POD3, POD7), the score marks of periorbital edema and ecchymosis of the patients were evaluated. Additionally, postoperative upper eyelid edema and upper eyelid ecchymosis as well as lower eyelid edema, and lower eyelid ecchymosis on POD1, POD3, POD7 were evaluated. A comparison with regard to intraoperative bleeding, surgical field, and operation time between the 2 groups was also conducted.

Results:
Upper eyelid edema, upper eyelid ecchymosis, lower eyelid edema, lower eyelid ecchymosis on POD 1, 3, 7 were found to be significantly lower in SPGB (+) group in comparison to SPGB (–) group (P < 0.001). Intraoperative blood loss and surgical field were found to be significantly lower in SPGB group (+) than in SPGB (–) group (P < 0.00). The operation time was not found statistically significant between the 2 groups (P = 0.212).

Conclusion:
Sphenopalatine ganglion block is a safe and effective way of reducing postoperative edema and ecchymosis after SRP. Besides, it provides a better surgical field and reduced bleeding intraoperatively.
“Return to University Campuses Associated with 9% Increase in New COVID-19 Case Rate”
Authors: Adams Grace Bagwell , Shannon Jerry , Shannon Sarah 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe vast majority of colleges and universities across the United States are bringing students back for in-person instruction in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, despite the absence of an effective vaccine or other anti-viral therapeutic treatment. Using data from the New York Times and the American Community Survey, we assess the effect of this return to campus on viral case growth in counties with a significant college student population (“college counties”) relative to non-college counties. We find a significant surge in new cases in a 21-day time frame in college counties, a finding consistent across U.S. Census divisions. These results suggest the need for institutions of higher education and the communities where these institutions reside work together quickly and effectively to mitigate viral transmission and to prevent overwhelming local healthcare infrastructure in college counties.
Identifying latent profiles based on three components of organizational commitment: multi-sample investigations in Korea
Authors: Song Ji Hoon , Lee Yunsoo 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify latent profiles based on 3 dimensions of organizational commitment (OC) using 14 Korean samples.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used unpublished raw data. Allen and Meyer’s (1996) measurement was used to maintain consistency and facilitate comparison across samples. To determine the number of latent profiles that exist in Korea based on employees’ level of OC, a latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed.

Findings
The findings showed that there are two or three profiles (i.e. fully committed, weakly committed and/or moderately committed) across various types of organizations in Korea. These findings are similar to those based on LPA conducted in the West. The number of profiles is more limited in Korean samples than it is in Western samples. Like Western studies, this Korean-focused study identified fully committed, weakly committed and moderately committed profiles, but it did not show any other types of profiles found in the Western sample.

Originality/value
Based on these results, this study suggests academic and practical implications for researchers and practitioners.
Device architecture optimization of solder ball joints fatigue lifetime under random vibration frequencies
Authors: Gao Yang , Wang Fuwei , Ding Shaohu , Yang Bin , Liu Lin , Salmani Mohammad 
Published: October 2020

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the vibration effects on ball grid array lifetime.

Design/methodology/approach
Several finite element method simulations and experiments were performed.

Findings
An optimized circuit configuration was found.

Originality/value
The originality of paper is confirmed by authors.
Bishop Cantilupe is Dead! Long Live St Thomas of Hereford! The Effects of St Thomas of Hereford's Miraculous Cult
Authors: BASS IAN L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis article marks the 700th anniversary of the canonisation of St Thomas de Cantilupe, bishop of Hereford (1275‐82, canonised 1320), by providing a comprehensive overview of the extant fourteenth‐century miracle collection, Oxford, Exeter College, MS 158, with reference to a contemporary copy in Vatican, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Vat. Cod. Lat. 4015. Taken together these two manuscripts represent the second largest collection of miracles – just over 460 – to survive for any medieval English saint, and they contain a wealth of information about life and death in late thirteenth‐ to early fourteenth‐century England, Wales and Ireland. After a short precis of Thomas's life and death, the article analyses the contents of the miracle collection. It shows the number of miracles reported annually for the life cycle of the cult, the ratio of male to female pilgrims, and the types of cures that were sought at Thomas's shrine in Hereford cathedral. In doing this, light will be shed on the miraculous cult of England's ‘second St Thomas’, placing him firmly within the pantheon of medieval English saints being celebrated in 2020.
Chromosome‐level genome assembly of Lethenteron reissneri provides insights into lamprey evolution
Authors: Zhu Ting , Li Yongxin , Pang Yue , Han Yinglun , Li Jun , Wang Zhongkai , Liu Xin , Li Haorong , Hua Yishan , Jiang Hui , Teng Hongming , Quan Jian , Liu Yu , Geng Ming , Li Meiao , Hui Fan , Liu Jinzhao , Qiu Qiang , Li Qingwei , Ren Yandong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe reissner lamprey Lethenteron reissneri, belonging to the class Cyclostomata, serves as a bridge between invertebrates and jawed vertebrates, and is considered the sister group of jawed vertebrates. However, despite this evolutionary significance, the genetic mechanisms underlying the adaptive evolution of the lamprey lineage remain unclear. Here, we assembled a 1.06 Gb chromosome‐level draft genome of L. reissneri, with 72 chromosomes (ranging in length from 4.5 Mb to 25.9 Mb) and a scaffold N50 length of 13.23 Mb. Genome quality comparisons revealed that the reissner lamprey genome has higher completeness and contiguity than the previously published sea lamprey and Japanese lamprey genomes. Moreover, reissner lamprey, sea lamprey, and Japanese lamprey species share similar transposable element profiles and Hox gene cluster compositions, suggesting that a burst of transposable element activity and whole genome duplication occurred before their divergence. Additionally, the Lip gene copy numbers, which have been studied for their functions in the host defence system, were found to be expanded uniquely in lamprey lineages, suggesting key roles for these genes in lamprey evolution and adaptation. We also identified two neural‐related genes, Nrn1 and Unc13a, with copy number expansions in jawed vertebrates, which may be functionally relevant to the origin of lamprey brains. Hence, this study not only provides the first chromosome‐level reference genome for Cyclostomata, but also highlights features of the unique biology and adaptive evolution of the lamprey lineage.
Phytochrome type B family: The abiotic stress responses signaller in plants
Authors: Junior Carlos Alberto Silva , D'Amico‐Damião Victor , Carvalho Rogério Falleiros 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPhotoreceptors are primarily known as key photomorphogenic modulators of various physiological events during plant development. Although there are different groups of photoreceptors, the phytochrome B (phyB) family mediates developmental responses in a wide range of plant species, from seed germination to flowering. In addition, these molecules also regulate abiotic stress acclimation responses, such as salinity, drought, low/high temperature, high light and heavy metals. The signalling pathways mediated by phyB could enhance plant resistance to environmental stresses, as phyB photoreceptors reduce leaf transpiration, increase the antioxidant system, enhance protective pigments and increase the expression of genes related to plant stress acclimation. Thus, the elucidation of positive or negative roles for phyB in these stress tolerance characteristics would provide essential knowledge for genetic engineering, improving plant growth and development in critical environments. In this review, we cover the main findings on how the phyB family works to modulate abiotic stress by discussing biochemical and molecular aspects of the underlying mechanisms operated by these photoreceptors.