bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative analysis of two computer science degree offerings
Authors: Finamore Anna Carolina , Jiménez Haydée G. , Casanova Marco A. , Nunes Bernardo P. , Santos Ana Moura , Pires António Pacheco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article presents an in-depth analysis and comparison of two computer science degree offerings, viz., the Bologna BSc in Information Systems and Computer Engineering, offered by the Instituto Superior Técnico of the University of Lisbon, Portugal, and the BSc in Computer Science offered by the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The analysis is based on the student transcripts collected from the academic systems of both institutions over circa one decade. The article starts with a description of the degrees and global statistics of the student population considered. Then, it presents a comparative analysis of the curricula, which focuses on how close students follow the recommended curricula, based on data visualization techniques and academic performance indexes. The indexes indicated a mismatch between the semesters that the curricula recommend for the courses and the semesters that students enroll in those courses. Furthermore, a visualization of course advances and delays indicated that a significant fraction of the students failed in the semester that the curricula recommend for the courses. The article moves on to present a comparative analysis of student performance in individual courses, and then applies a technique borrowed from Market Basket Analysis to investigate student performance in multiple courses that are taken in the same semester. The analysis pointed out sets of courses, at both degrees, that students are struggling with, when they take the courses in the same semester. Finally, the article summarizes the lessons learned, which invite academic administrators to reflect on the weaknesses and strengths of each degree analyzed. Specifically, the analysis suggests that the curricula should be reorganized to avoid that students take certain courses together, not because of conceptual reasons, but because students frequently fail if they do so. Some of these patterns are common to both degrees.
Expression of a highly active β-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger AS3.4523 in Escherichia coli and its application in gardenia blue preparation
Authors: Hao Shuai , Liu Yuanpu , Qin Yu , Zhao Lei , Zhang Jiawen , Wu Tingting , Sun Baoguo , Wang Chengtao 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Gardenia blue is one of the natural food additives used in East Asia for many years. Its biosynthesis relies on a key rate-limiting cellulase: β-glucosidase (BGL), which mainly exists in Aspergillus niger (A. niger) cells. The purpose of this study was to obtain active β-glucosidase by cell engineering method and applied to gardenia blue synthesis, which would help to promote the application and reduce the cost of β-glucosidase and gardenia blue.

Methods
A. niger was identified based on 18S rRNA gene sequencing. β-Glucosidase gene was cloned and expressed based on PCR and prokaryotic expression. The enzyme activity of β-glucosidase was measured based on p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside method.

Results
An A. niger isolate (AS3.4523) was identified from soil. The β-glucosidase gene of AS3.4523 was cloned and sequenced, which encoded a new type of β-glucosidase mutant containing two specific amino acid substitutions (Asp154Gly and Ser163Pro). Prokaryotic expression of wild-type β-glucosidase in Escherichia coli BL21 showed low cellulase activity (0.29 ± 0.13 U/mL). However, after removing its signal peptide, the β-glucosidase of A. niger AS3.4523 exhibited extremely higher activity (25.88 ± 0.45 U/mL) compared with wild type β-glucosidase (12.59 ± 1.07 U/mL) or other A. niger strains M85 (3.61 ± 0.24 U/mL) and CICC2041 (4.36 ± 0.76 U/mL). Furthermore, recombinant β-glucosidase was applied to geniposide hydrolysis, and gardenia blue pigment was successfully synthesized with the reaction of genipin and Lys.

Conclusions
This work has discovered a new type of highly active β-glucosidase and provided a theoretical basis for large-scale producing β-glucosidase, which lays a brand-new foundation for gardenia blue preparation with high efficiency and low cost.
Adenocarcinoma of the lung: from BAC to the future
Authors: Lambe Gerard , Durand Michael , Buckley Anne , Nicholson Siobhan , McDermott Ronan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAdenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma and invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma are relatively new classification entities which replace the now retired term, bronchoalveolar carcinoma (BAC). The radiographic appearance of these lesions ranges from pure, ground glass nodules to large, solid masses. A thorough understanding of the new classification is essential to radiologists who work with MDT colleagues to provide accurate staging and treatment. A 2-year review was performed of all surgically resected cases of adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma and lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma in our institution. Cases are broken down by age, gender, tumour type and tumour location. A pictorial review is presented to illustrate the radiologic and pathologic features of each entity.
Promising advances in clinical trials of dental tissue-derived cell-based regenerative medicine
Authors: Yamada Yoichi , Nakamura-Yamada Sayaka , Konoki Ryutaro , Baba Shunsuke 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundAdvances in regenerative medicine with stem cells have led to clinical trials. Dental/oral tissues are emerging as promising cellular sources of human mesenchymal stem cells. Recently, dental tissue-derived cells have been used clinically due to their great potential, easy accessibility, and ability to be obtained via methods with low invasiveness. The aim of this study is to systematically assess the clinical effectiveness of dental cell-mediated therapies compared to current evidence-based methods in human patients.MethodsThe electronic databases MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), andClinicalTrials.govwere searched up to December 2019 for clinical trials. Clinical trials with any intervention using stem cells/cells derived from dental tissue were included.ResultsA total of 815 studies were identified by the electronic search, and 38 articles qualified for full-text evaluation. Finally, 20 studies (10 clinical trials using dental pulp-derived cells, 3 clinical trials using periodontal ligament-derived cells, and 7 studies using gingiva-derived cells) were included in this review. No clinical trials using dental follicle- or apical papilla-derived cells were selected in this review. Dental pulp-derived cells were used in clinical trials for bone regeneration, periodontitis, and dental pulp regeneration. All clinical trials using periodontal ligament-derived cells and gingiva-derived cells were conducted for periodontal disease treatment and gingival augmentation, respectively. Among the 20 selected studies, 16 showed clinical benefits of cell transplantation therapies. In addition, no study reported adverse events that may have been associated with cell transplantation.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that dental tissue-derived cells would be useful for cell-based regenerative medicine for various diseases.
Zero Mach number limit of the compressible Euler–Korteweg equations
Authors: Li Yeping , Zhou Gang 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the zero Mach number limit for the three-dimensional compressible Euler–Korteweg equations in the regime of smooth solutions. Based on the local existence theory of the compressible Euler–Korteweg equations, we establish a convergence-stability principle. Then we show that when the Mach number is sufficiently small, the initial-value problem of the compressible Euler–Korteweg equations has a unique smooth solution in the time interval where the corresponding incompressible Euler equations have a smooth solution. It is important to remark that when the incompressible Euler equations have a global smooth solution, the existence time of the solution for the compressible Euler–Korteweg equations tends to infinity as the Mach number goes to zero. Moreover, we obtain the convergence of smooth solutions for the compressible Euler–Korteweg equations towards those for the incompressible Euler equations with a convergence rate.
Existence and uniqueness of periodic solutions for a system of differential equations via operator methods
Authors: Fan Ruixiong , Zhai Chengbo 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article investigates the existence and uniqueness of periodic solutions for a new system of differential equations. By employing fixed point theorems for increasing φ-$(h,\tau )$(h,τ)-concave operators, we establish the existence of unique periodic solution for our differential system and then give a monotone iterative scheme to approximate the unique periodic solution. Some examples are presented in the end to illustrate the validity of our main results.
Temporal transcriptional patterns of cyanophage genes suggest synchronized infection of cyanobacteria in the oceans
Authors: Chen Yue , Zeng Qinglu 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Based on the peak expression times during infection, early, middle, and late genes have been characterized in viruses (cyanophages) that infect the unicellular cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus. Laboratory experiments show that some cyanophages can only replicate in the light and thus exhibit diurnal infection rhythms under light-dark cycles. Field evidence also suggests synchronized infection of Prochlorococcus by cyanophages in the oceans, which should result in progressive expression of cyanophage early, middle, and late genes. However, distinct temporal expression patterns have not been observed in cyanophage field populations.

Results
In this study, we reanalyzed a previous metatranscriptomic dataset collected in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. In this dataset, it was previously shown that aggregate transcripts from cyanophage scaffolds display diurnal transcriptional rhythms with transcript abundances decreasing at night. By mapping metatranscriptomic reads to individual viral genes, we identified periodically expressed genes from putative viruses infecting the cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, heterotrophic bacteria, and algae. Of the 41 cyanophage genes, 35 were from cyanomyoviruses. We grouped the periodically expressed cyanomyovirus genes into early, middle, and late genes based on the conserved temporal expression patterns of their orthologs in cyanomyovirus laboratory cultures. We found that the peak expression times of late genes in cyanophage field populations were significantly later than those of early and middle genes, which were similar to the temporal expression patterns of synchronized cyanophage laboratory cultures.

Conclusions
The significantly later peak expression times of late genes in cyanomyovirus field populations suggest that cyanophage infection of Prochlorococcus is synchronized in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. The night-time peak expression of late genes also suggests synchronized lysis of Prochlorococcus at night, which might result in synchronized release of dissolved organic matter to the marine food web.
Meningomyeloencephalitis secondary to Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in AIDS
Authors: Leskinen Sandra , Flowers Xena , Thoene Katharina , Uhlemann Anne-Catrin , Goldman James E. , Hickman Richard A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInfections by opportunistic non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are rising in global incidence. One emerging, slowly growing NTM is Mycobacterium haemophilum, which can cause skin, lung, bone, and soft tissue infections in immunocompromised patients as well as lymphadenitis in immunocompetent individuals. Detection of this microorganism is difficult using conventional culture-based methods and few reports have documented involvement of this pathogen within the central nervous system (CNS).We describe the neuropathologic autopsy findings of a 39-year-old man with AIDS who died secondary to M. haemophilum CNS infection. He initially presented with repeated bouts of pyrexia, nausea and vomiting, and altered mental status that required numerous hospitalizations. CSF infectious workups were consistently negative. His most recent admission identified hyperintensities within the brainstem by MRI and despite antibiotic therapies for suspected CNS infection, he died. Autopsy revealed a swollen brain with marked widening of the brainstem. Microscopic examination of the brain and spinal cord showed focal lymphohistiocytic infiltrates, gliosis and neuronal loss that were associated with acid-fast bacilli (AFB). The brainstem was the most severely damaged and AFB were found to congregate along arterial territories lending support to the notion of hematogenous spread as a mechanism for the organisms’ dissemination. 16S rRNA sequencing on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue enabled post-mortem identification of M. haemophilum. This sequencing methodology may permit diagnosis on CSF intra-vitam.
Development of the student course cognitive engagement instrument (SCCEI) for college engineering courses
Authors: Barlow Allyson , Brown Shane , Lutz Benjamin , Pitterson Nicole , Hunsu Nathaniel , Adesope Olusola 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Evidence shows that students who are actively engaged with learning materials demonstrate greater learning gains than those who are passively engaged. Indeed, cognitive engagement is often cited as a critical component of an educational experience. However, understanding how and in what ways cognitive engagement occurs remains a challenge for engineering educators. In particular, there exists a need to measure and evaluate engagement in ways that provide information for instructors to deploy concrete, actionable steps to foster students’ cognitive engagement. The present study reports the development and gathering of validation evidence for a quantitative instrument to measure students’ in-class cognitive engagement. The instrument was informed by Wylie and Chi’s ICAP (Interactive Constructive Active Passive) model of active learning, as well as contextual concerns within engineering courses.

Results
The process followed the classical measurement model of scale development. We provide a detailed overview of the item development and scale validation processes, focusing on the creation of individual subscales to measure different modes of cognition within learning contexts. Multiple rounds of testing the student course cognitive engagement instrument (SCCEI) in college engineering courses provided evidence of validity. This indicated the reliable measurement of student cognitive engagement in the context of notetaking, processing material, and interacting with peers in the classroom. Results suggest differentiating modes of cognitive engagement is indeed applicable when considering students’ in-class notetaking and processing of material.

Conclusions
Findings point towards the need for additional engagement scales that expand the instrument’s ability to distinguish between particular activities within a mode of engagement as defined by ICAP. The present study contributes to the growing body of literature on cognitive engagement of engineering students. Results address the development of measurement tools with evidence of validity for use in STEM education.
Analysis of risk indicators for prevalence of peri-implant diseases in Turkish population
Authors: Gunpinar Sadiye , Meraci Bilge , Karas Mert 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of this cross-sectional study was (1) to determine the prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis and (2) to reveal the risk indicators associated with peri-implant diseases. The second point was to investigate the role of keratinized mucosa on peri-implant health.

Materials and methods
Three hundred and eighty-two subjects who were treated with 1415 dental implants between 2011–2017 were clinically evaluated. Patients’ medical and dental history, as well as implant details, were recorded. Peri-implant examination included probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BoP), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and keratinized tissue width. Furthermore, the patient (sex, age, and smoking) and implant/prosthesis-related factors (surface characteristic, time in function, design of prosthesis etc.) were evaluated. Implants were classified into three groups: healthy, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis. Uni- and multi-variate regression analyses were utilized for statistics.

Results
41.1% (n = 157) and 36.9% (n = 84) of patients had mucositis and peri-implantitis, respectively. 53.6% (n = 758) of implants (95%CI 80.2–90.4) had mucositis, and 21.7% (n = 307) had peri-implantitis. Patients with a maintenance < 2/year (OR = 2.576), having periodontitis (OR = 3.342) and higher PI (OR = 3.046) had significant associations with the development of peri-implant mucositis. Significant ORs were determined for peri-implantitis with patients having maintenance < 2/year (OR = 2.048), having number of implants ≥ 4 (OR = 2.103), diagnosed with periodontitis (OR = 3.295), and higher PI (OR = 7.055). Keratinized tissue width < 2 mm (ORs = 5389/8.013), PPD (ORs = 1.570/8.338), PI (ORs = 6.726/5.205), and BoP (ORs = 3.645/4.353) independent variables were significantly associated with both peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis at implant level, respectively.

Conclusions
Within the limits of this study, the prevalence of mucositis and peri-implantitis was shown to be high in Turkish population. Furthermore, increased risk for peri-implantitis was identified in patients having maintenance < 2/year, presence of periodontitis, poor plaque control, and having number of implants ≥ 4. Less keratinized tissue (< 2 mm), PPD, and BoP were also risk indicators for peri-implantitis development.
Auditory rhythmical cueing to improve gait and physical activity in community-dwelling stroke survivors (ACTIVATE): study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: McCue Patricia , Del Din Silvia , Hunter Heather , Lord Sue , Price Christopher I. M. , Shaw Lisa , Rodgers Helen , Rochester Lynn , Moore Sarah A. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Background
Mobility problems are present in 70–80% of stroke survivors and can result in impaired gait and reduced physical activity limiting independent living. Auditory rhythmic cueing (ARC) has been used to provide auditory feedback and shows promise in improving a variety of walking parameters following stroke. The aim of this pilot study is to assess the feasibility of conducting a multi-centre, observer blind, randomised controlled trial of auditory rhythmical cueing (ARC) intervention in home and community settings in North East England.

Methods
This pilot observer blind randomised controlled feasibility trial aims to recruit 60 participants over 15 months from community stroke services in the North East of England. Participants will be within 24 months of stroke onset causing new problems with mobility. Each participant will be randomised to the study intervention or control group. Intervention treatment participants will undertake 18 auditory rhythmical cueing (ARC) treatment sessions over 6 weeks (3 × 30 min per week, 6 supervised (physiotherapist/research associate)/12 self-managed) in a home/community setting. A metronome will be used to provide ARC during a series of balance and gait exercises, which will be gradually progressed. The control treatment participants will undertake the same duration balance and gait exercise training programme as the intervention group but without the ARC. Feasibility will be determined in terms of recruitment, retention, adverse events, adherence, collection of descriptive clinical and accelerometer motor performance data at baseline, 6 weeks and 10 weeks and description of participant, provider and clinical therapists’ experiences. As well as using questionnaires to collate participant views, qualitative interviews will be undertaken to further understand how the intervention is delivered in practice in a community setting and to identify aspects perceived important by participants.

Discussion
The ACTIVATE study will address an important gap in the evidence base by reporting whether it is feasible to deliver auditory rhythmical cueing in the home and community to improve gait and balance parameters following stroke. The feasibility of the study protocol will be established and results will inform the design of a future multi-centre randomised controlled trial.

Trial registration
Trial register: ISRCTN, Trial identifier: ISRCTN10874601: Date of registration: 12/03/2018.
Review of global neurosurgery education: Horizon of Neurosurgery in the Developing Countries
Authors: Kato Y. , Liew B. S. , Sufianov A. A. , Rasulic L. , Arnautovic K. I. , Dong V. H. , Florian I. S. , Olldashi F. , Makhambetov Y. , Isam B. , Thu M. , Enkhbayar Ts. , Kumarasinghe N. , Bajamal A. H. , Nair S. , Sharif S. , Sharma M. R. , Landeiro J. A. , Yampolsky C. G. , El-Ghandour N. M. F. , Hossain A. M. , Sim S. , Chemate S. , Burhan Hira , Feng L. , Andrade H. , Germano Isabelle M. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGlobally, the discipline of neurosurgery has evolved remarkably fast. Despite being one of the latest medical specialties, which appeared only around hundred years ago, it has witnessed innovations in the aspects of diagnostics methods, macro and micro surgical techniques, and treatment modalities. Unfortunately, this development is not evenly distributed between developed and developing countries. The same is the case with neurosurgical education and training, which developed from only traditional apprentice programs in the past to more structured, competence-based programs with various teaching methods being utilized, in recent times. A similar gap can be observed between developed and developing counties when it comes to neurosurgical education. Fortunately, most of the scholars working in this field do understand the coherent relationship between neurosurgical education and neurosurgical practice. In context to this understanding, a symposium was organized during the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) Special World Congress Beijing 2019. This symposium was the brain child of Prof. Yoko Kato—one of the eminent leaders in neurosurgery and an inspiration for female neurosurgeons. Invited speakers from different continents presented the stages of development of neurosurgical education in their respective countries. This paper summarizes the outcome of these presentations, with particular emphasis on and the challenges faced by developing countries in terms of neurosurgical education and strategies to cope with these challenges.