bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ecological implications of rubber‐based agroforestry: Insect conservation and invasion control
Authors: Lee Roger Ho , Wang Chase Liu‐Wei , Guénard Benoit 
Published: May 2020

AbstractProtected areas are increasingly threatened by biological invasions, especially in tropical Asia where extensive areas of natural habitats have been converted to monoculture plantations. Such disturbance provides a gateway for exotic species invasions, highlighting an urgent need for cross‐boundary solutions to mitigate invasion impacts.Agroforests, with multi‐storied trees and crops resembling the complex structure of natural forest, are known to promote native species compared to monoculture plantations. Yet, our knowledge on their roles in controlling exotic species is limited to plant invaders, with effects on animal invaders still unknown. Given that protected areas are increasingly threatened by invaders from surrounding plantations, with a majority of them represented by insects, it is important to evaluate the effect of agroforestry practice, and mechanisms of associated management to control invasions.By using both taxonomic and functional trait‐based approaches, we studied leaf litter ant communities in 12 rubber monoculture (mono‐rubber), 9 rubber plantation with understory crops (agro‐rubber), 16 secondary and 12 old‐growth secondary forest plots in and around protected areas in Hainan, China. Sampled ants were further classified into groups based on their invasive potential (tramp vs. non‐tramp) to determine the ecological values of agro‐rubber.We found that despite mono‐rubber and agro‐rubber presenting similar species richness, the latter (a) supports species composition and functional diversity more similar to secondary forests and (b) reduces tramp ant species occurrence, a novel management incentive. Nonetheless, agro‐rubber is not comparable to secondary forest in terms of non‐tramp ant species composition.Synthesis and applications.Against the increasing threat of biological invasions, preserving natural forests in human‐dominated landscapes is crucial. Increasing the area of agro‐rubber at the periphery of protected areas as a proactive mitigation can, however, be perceived as an additional measure to reduce invasive species' establishment and spread across the landscape. Plantation‐based agroforestry has emerged as a potential management avenue and incentive for transforming monoculture plantations into a less ‘harmful’ alternative.
Methyl/alkyl‐coenzyme M reductase‐based anaerobic alkane oxidation in archaea
Authors: Wang Yinzhao , Wegener Gunter , Ruff S. Emil , Wang Fengping 
Published: May 2020

SummaryMethyl‐coenzyme M reductase (MCR) has been originally identified to catalyse the final step of the methanogenesis pathway. About 20 years ago anaerobic methane‐oxidizing archaea (ANME) were discovered that use MCR enzymes to activate methane. ANME thrive at the thermodynamic limit of life, are slow‐growing, and in most cases form syntrophic consortia with sulfate‐reducing bacteria. Recently, archaea that have the ability to anaerobically oxidize non‐methane multi‐carbon alkanes such as ethane and n‐butane were described in both enrichment cultures and environmental samples. These anaerobic multi‐carbon alkane‐oxidizing archaea (ANKA) use enzymes homologous to MCR named alkyl‐coenzyme M reductase (ACR). Here we review the recent progresses on the diversity, distribution and functioning of both ANME and ANKA by presenting a detailed MCR/ACR‐based phylogeny, compare their metabolic pathways and discuss the gaps in our knowledge of physiology of these organisms. To improve our understanding of alkane oxidation in archaea, we identified three directions for future research: (i) expanding cultivation attempts to validate omics‐based metabolic models of yet‐uncultured organisms, (ii) performing biochemical and structural analyses of key enzymes to understand thermodynamic and steric constraints and (iii) investigating the evolution of anaerobic alkane metabolisms and their impact on biogeochemical cycles.
‘Can I tell?’ Children’s participation and positioning in a secretive atmosphere in family therapy
Authors: Helimäki Mira , Laitila Aarno , Kumpulainen Kirsti 
Published: May 2020

As a multifaceted phenomenon, family secrets affect interaction in the therapeutic system. This qualitative study, applying the multi‐actor Dialogical Methods for Investigations of Happening of Change, explored how children participated and positioned themselves in family therapy in a climate of family secrets. The results showed that the children were active co‐participants in the complex dynamics of a secretive atmosphere, involving themselves in the paradoxical processes of reconstructing and deconstructing the secretive and unsafe climate. In family therapy, a child’s symptomatic behaviour can function as a visible ‘cover story’ for invisible constructions of secrets, preventing sensitive topics from becoming the focus of therapy. Family secrets therefore continue to present a challenge in family therapy practice and research.Practitioner points

Family secrets should be asked about in pre‐therapy assessment and diagnostic interviews where all family members are present

The genogram enables the exploration of multigenerational family patterns and functions that might be influenced by family secrets

By normalising the phenomenon of family secrets, therapists could make room for joint discussions on these and encourage family members to talk about their good reasons for keeping secrets
Review article: A primer for clinical researchers in the emergency department: Part XI. Inertia before investigation: Pre‐test probability in emergency medicine
Authors: Pellatt Richard , Purdy Eve , Keijzers Gerben 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIn this series, we address research topics in emergency medicine. Rational clinical decision making is based on knowledge of the disease prevalence, clinical assessment features and test characteristics such as sensitivity and specificity. The concept of pre‐test probability is important as it will allow the clinician and patient decide together if a ‘test threshold’ or ‘treatment threshold’ has been reached, or if further investigations are required to make such a decision. This research primer uses three case scenarios to explore these concepts.
Socioeconomic characteristics of mothers and their relationship with dietary diversity and food group consumption of their children
Authors: Quezada‐Sánchez Amado D. , Shamah‐Levy Teresa , Mundo‐Rosas Verónica 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between socioeconomic characteristics of mothers and dietary diversity (DD) as well as food group (FG) consumption of their children in Mexico.MethodsA sample of 1041 children aged 1 to 4 years from the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey was analysed. DD included nine FG: dairy, meat, egg, fish, fruits, vegetables, legumes, tubers and cereals. For DD as well as for each FG, relative means were estimated from Poisson regressions with covariates of mothers' socioeconomic characteristics such as attained educational level, occupation, Indigenous language spoken, household socioeconomic status and child's characteristics. Standard errors were adjusted to account for data dependencies within primary sampling units.ResultsChildren whose mothers had college education were less likely to have low DD (−57%,P < .01) and more likely to consume meat (+27%,P < .05), fruits (+17%,P < .01) and vegetables (+43%,P < .01) compared to children whose mothers had elementary education or none. Children of mothers who speak an Indigenous language had considerably higher (58%,P < .001) probability of low DD than non‐Indigenous speaking mothers.ConclusionsSpecific mother characteristics may either limit or facilitate access to nutrient diverse diets. These characteristics should be taken into account for designing public policies geared towards improving diet and nutritional status during the first years of life.
Percutaneous endobiliary radiofrequency ablation and stents in management of hepatocellular carcinoma with bile duct tumor thrombus: Initial single‐institution experience
Authors: Cui Wei , Xu Rongde , Wang Yu , Shi Feng , Li Jiaping , Chen Xiaoming 
Published: May 2020

AbstractAimHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with bile duct tumor thrombus (BDTT) is a rare condition, but it can lead to hepatic failure and is associated with poor prognosis. Treatment for HCC with BDTT remains a challenge. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the safety and feasibility of percutaneous endobiliary radiofrequency ablation (EB‐RFA) and biliary metal stent placement as an alternative treatment for patients with HCC with BDTT.MethodsFrom October 2014 to December 2016, nine patients (all men, mean age 53.2 ± 12.0; range 40–70) who underwent percutaneous EB‐RFA and biliary metal stent placement for HCC with BDTT were included. Stent patency, overall survival, technical and clinical success rate and complications were investigated.ResultsMedian stent patency from the time of the first EB‐RFA was 6.0 months (95% CI, 5.4–6.6 months) and survival from the time of diagnosis was 6.0 months (95% CI, 2.2–9.8 months). Two of 9 patients underwent bilateral EB‐RFA and stent placement, one underwent unilateral EB‐RFA and stent‐in‐stent procedure, and one EB‐RFA as treatment for biliary metal stent occlusion. One patient who presented with stent occlusion underwent repeat ablations 182 days after the first ablation procedure and 53 days after the re‐ablation procedure. Combination therapy was administered to five patients. The technical and clinical success rate were 100% and 89% per patient. After treatment, serum direct bilirubin levels were notably decreased in eight patients. No major complications were observed. Minor complications included one bile duct bleeding, three postoperative abdominal pain and two cholangitis.ConclusionPercutaneous EB‐RFA and biliary metal stent placement might be technically safe and feasible therapeutic options for patients with HCC with BDTT.
Globalising sustainable development: Decolonial disruptions and environmental justice in Bolivia
Authors: Hope Jessica 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe 2015 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the new global development goals guiding the work of mainstream development actors until 2030. The shift to “sustainable development” marks a response to climate change and constitutes a rebranding of international development as global development, prominently by the UN, World Bank, and IMF. In this paper, I draw from recent fieldwork in Bolivia to question what is being globalised. In response to calls for northern geographers to better attend to new forms of coloniality and knowledge production, I take seriously indigenous agendas for development, land, and sovereignty to critique Agenda 2030 with decolonial territorial agendas and theories of environmental justice. I argue that the implementation of Agenda 2030 has reconfigured the borderlands between international development and indigenous territorial agendas. In a drastic reworking of the “boomerang effect,” development infrastructure is being disconnected from anti‐extractive indigenous territorial politics, as the modes of engagement between states, the private sector, and NGOs are reconfigured by the unifying agenda of sustainable development – weakening both indigenous struggles for territorial sovereignty and the environmental remit of the SDGs. An environmental justice perspective locates the case of the Territorio Indígena y Parque Nacional Isiboro (TIPNIS) Secure case within a bigger struggle between local claims to land and global extractive capital, foregrounding that decolonial agendas for territory are entangled with contemporary extractive capitalism. In seeking consensus between states, the private sector, and civil society, the SDGs minimise the sites of conflict that instruct “sustainable development,” revealing both a critical weakness of the SDGs and a pathway towards their greater effectiveness.
Scared of compassion: Fear of compassion in anxiety, mood, and non‐clinical groups
Authors: Merritt Olivia A. , Purdon Christine L. 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesFear of receiving compassion from others, expressing compassion to others, and being compassionate towards oneself have been identified as potentially important factors in the persistence of depression, stress disorders, and eating disorders. There is good reason to expect that these fears may play a role in anxiety and related difficulties, but there is little available information on the extent to which they are present and associated with symptom severity.MethodsThis study compared the severity of the three fears of compassion (receiving, expressing to others, and showing to oneself) in those with a principal diagnosis of depression (n = 34), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD; n = 27), social anxiety disorder (SAD; n = 91), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD, n = 43), and a control sample with no mental health difficulties (n = 212).ResultsThose with depression, OCD, SAD, and GAD exhibited greater fear of receiving compassion and fear of self‐compassion than controls, and the differences between anxious and control groups remained significant even when controlling for depressed mood. Whereas fears of compassion did not predict symptom severity over and above depressed mood in people with GAD, fear of receiving compassion uniquely predicted SAD symptom severity, and fear of expressing compassion for others uniquely predicted OCD symptom severity in those high on fear of self‐compassion.ConclusionsFear of compassion is higher in those with anxiety and related disorders than non‐anxious controls. Although further research is needed, clinicians may benefit from assessing fear of compassion and addressing it in treatment.Practitioner points

Those with anxiety and related disorders may fear receiving compassion from others or expressing compassion for themselves, even when controlling for depression.

It may be informative to assess for fear of compassion and incorporate discussions about these fears into treatment, as these fears may interfere with treatment progress.
Comparing Associations Between Puberty, Ethnic–Racial Identity, Self‐Concept, and Depressive Symptoms Among African American and Caribbean Black Boys
Authors: Carter Rona , Seaton Eleanor K. , Blazek Janelle L. 
Published: May 2020

Research on pubertal development among Black boys is limited. Addressing this gap, we examined associations between three pubertal domains (e.g., voice change, hair growth, and perceived relative timing), depressive symptoms, self‐esteem, and self‐efficacy, among a nationally representative sample of 395 African American and 164 Caribbean Black boys (Mage = 15 years). Moderation by ethnic–racial identity (e.g., racial centrality, racial regard) was also explored. Results indicated that for both ethnic subgroups early voice change increased self‐esteem; whereas early voice change increased depressive symptoms among boys who felt society views Blacks more negatively. Buffering effects of ethnic–racial identity also varied significantly between the two groups. Findings suggest that the meaning Black boys ascribe to their ethnic–racial group may explain puberty‐linked outcomes.
Prevalence of non‐thyroidal illness syndrome in COPD exacerbation and effect of hypoxaemia and hypercapnia on thyroid functions
Authors: Gumus Aziz , Ozyurt Songul , Ozcelik Neslihan , Kara Bilge Yılmaz 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease showing acute exacerbations during its course. Comorbidities often accompany. Non‐thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) occurs because of the functional impairment in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐thyroid axis in severe critical cases. The objective of the current study is to determine the prevalence of NTIS among hospitalised patients due to acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and to reveal the factors affecting thyroid functions.Materials and methodsA total of 132 patients hospitalised for AECOPD were enroled. Arterial blood gas samples at room air and venous blood samples for thyroid function tests were obtained within 24 hours following hospitalisation.ResultsThe mean age was 69.3 ± 9.6 years with male predominance (M/F:130/2). The prevalence of NTIS was 55%. Subgroups of NTIS cases were analysed. Low TSH levels were the most common pathology (55%). Patients with NTIS had significantly lower PaO2 and SaO2 levels compared with those without NTIS (P = 0.045 and P = 0.022, respectively). In addition, a positive correlation was found between PaO2 and free thyroxine (fT4) (P < 0.001, r = 0.313). A statistically significant negative correlation between PaCO2 and fT4 was found (P < 0.001, r = −0.393). And a statistically significant negative correlation between PaCO2 and free triiodothyronine (fT3) values were found (P = 0.040, r = −0.183).ConclusionNTIS is a very common condition during AECOPD. We believe that hypoxemia causing functional impairment in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐thyroid axis is the main mechanism in NTIS development and hypercapnia disrupts freeT3 and freeT4 production and secretion.
Establishment of an in‐vivo porcine delayed perforation model after duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Hashiguchi Keiichi , Maruya Yasuhiro , Matsumoto Ryo , Yamaguchi Shun , Ogihara Kumi , Ohnita Ken , Kobayashi Shinichiro , Kanetaka Kengo , Nakao Kazuhiko , Eguchi Susumu 
Published: May 2020

ObjectivesDuodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial non‐ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors has a significant incidence rate of delayed perforation. Although several methods have been proposed to prevent delayed perforation, the most appropriate methods remain unclear. Currently, there is no appropriate animal model to validate methods for preventing duodenal delayed perforation. This study aimed to establish an in‐vivo porcine delayed perforation model after duodenal submucosal dissection.MethodsTwo porcine models underwent either ESD or surgical submucosal dissection. In the surgical dissection model, an inverted duodenal mucosa was resected with electrosurgical energy. In the ESD model, a gauze was placed behind the duodenum with grasped transverse part to improve endoscopic maneuverability. The mucosal defects after dissection were treated with omental coverage without suture in both models. All models were euthanized 0–5 days after procedure. Body weight; resection size; procedure dissection time; presence of intraoperative perforation and delayed perforation; and adhesion score were assessed.ResultsThere were no significant differences in body weight and adhesion score between the two models. Resection size was significantly larger in the surgical dissection models than in the ESD models (19 mm vs 14.3 mm, P < 0.01). Procedure time was significantly longer in the ESD models than in the surgical models (45.2 minutes vs 4.5 minutes, P < 0.01). Delayed perforation rates in the surgical dissection models and the ESD models were 0% (0/5) and 100% (5/5), respectively (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThis study indicated that our in‐vivo porcine duodenal ESD model is beneficial to evaluate a prevention strategy for delayed perforation.
Is resting metabolic rate related to reproductive output in an orb‐web spider, Argiope radon?
Authors: Ameri Mohammad , Kemp Darrell J. , Barry Katherine L. , Herberstein Marie E. 
Published: May 2020

1. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a fundamental feature of animal biology that reflects the baseline level of energy expenditure. There are two main strategies that can address energy demands; animals can reallocate energy from maintenance by reducing RMR to meet energy demands (compensation model) or they can increase intake rate by increasing metabolic activities (performance model).2. Orb‐web spiders are sit‐and‐wait foragers that typically reside at the centre of their web waiting to intercept prey. Given their sedentary resource acquisition strategy, it is predicted that lower RMR is favoured to reduce self‐maintenance energetic costs and to allow greater allocation to oogenesis (i.e., egg sac development).3. In this study, we tested temporal variation in RMR of female Argiope radon (Araneae: Araneidae) spiders in response to mating status. Then we tested the degree to which between‐individual variation in the parental RMR relates to reproductive output and spiderling early life‐history traits.4. Despite the notable between‐individual variation, we found a temporal consistency of RMR in the female spiders at early adulthood. Mated females significantly reduced their RMR by around 35% compared to their unmated stage which supports compensation model. However, there was a significant correlation between female RMR and mass of the egg sac in these spiders which is an evidence for performance model.5. Our findings suggest that energy management in this species is a complex phenomenon, both strategies are in effect simultaneously at within‐ and between‐individual level shaping the individuals' phenotype.
Arthroscopic debridement of short frontal plane proximal phalanx fractures preserves racing performance
Authors: Elzer Elizabeth J. , Bramlage Lawrence R. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundOutcomes have been reported for a limited number of short frontal plane fractures of the proximal phalanx following nonsurgical treatment and internal fixation.ObjectivesTo describe a new approach, arthroscopic debridement, of short frontal plane fractures of the proximal phalanx in flat‐racing Thoroughbreds and post‐operative racing outcome.Study designRetrospective case‐control study.MethodsMedical records of 81 Thoroughbred racehorses treated with arthroscopic debridement for frontal plane fractures of the proximal phalanx were reviewed. Diagnostic images and operative reports were used to characterise lesions and a technique for arthroscopic treatment was described. Post injury racing career length, starts, earnings and race quality are compared with matched controls.ResultsOf 81 treated horses, 74 (91%) raced post‐operatively. Treated horses had fewer post‐operative starts compared with controls (median 12, 95% CI 9‐16 vs median 19, 95% CI 15‐23; P < .001), but there was no difference in post‐operative earnings (median $51 465, 95% CI $39 868‐$85 423 vs median $68 017, 95% CI $54 247‐$87 870, P = .7) or career length (median 7 quarters, 95% CI 5‐8 vs median 9 quarters, 95% CI 8‐10, P = .1).Main limitationsRetrospective studies prevent prospective control of sampling bias and limit selection of matched controls.ConclusionsTreatment of frontal plane fractures of the proximal phalanx by arthroscopic debridement results in racing performance comparable to uninjured controls with respect to longevity and earnings.