bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Being a gerontologist: intersections between the professional and the personal in the Ageing of British Gerontology project
Authors: Reynolds Jackie , Bernard Miriam , Ray Mo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDespite the growth of cultural gerontology this century, relatively few gerontologists have interrogated their own experiences of ageing through a critical reflexive lens. This paper seeks to address this lack of attention by discussing some findings of the Ageing of British Gerontology project: a two-year (2015–2017) Leverhulme-funded study focused on identifying key developments and changes in gerontological research, theory, policy and practice in Britain since the founding of the British Society of Social and Behavioural Gerontology (now the British Society of Gerontology) in 1971. As part of our mixed-method study, we undertook 50 in-depth biographical interviews with ‘senior’ or retired individuals who have played a key role in the creation and development of gerontology in Britain. As well as focusing more widely on gerontological developments, we asked participants about the relationship between their professional insights into ageing and their personal experiences of ageing – both their own and that of loved ones. In this paper, we discuss the findings in relation to five key themes: health, illness and mortality; close personal relationships; work relationships; challenging ageism; and ageing selves. We found evidence that participants often drew upon their personal experiences of ageing in a range of contexts, including teaching and research. There were also numerous examples of professional insights informing personal decision-making, especially in relation to care of loved ones, though the emotionally challenging aspects of this emphasised the limitations of professional insights. Ultimately, we argue that the distinction between the personal and the professional is something of a false dichotomy, and there is often a complex interplay between the two aspects.
Behind the success of dominated personal pension plans: sales force and financial literacy factors
Authors: Marotta Giuseppe 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe revealed preference for dominated insurance-based personal pension plans (PPPs) in Italy is a decade-long puzzle. I surmise that a motivation from the supply side is a sales force factor deriving from the geographical distribution of financial providers, including the countrywide network of the state controlled Post Office. I provide supporting evidence using three biennial waves of the Bank of Italy's survey on household finances from 2010 to 2014. The time interval includes a public pension system reform sharply raising the statutory age retirement, legislated in December 2011 to defuse a sovereign debt crisis. I show that the salience effect on the awareness of the benefits of supplementing lower perspective public pensions with PPPs increased the explanatory power of financial strength indicators. Exploiting a module in the 2010 wave I estimate a surprising decrease in the probability of subscription to PPPs in 2014 associated with the indicator for the highest financial literacy level.
Collective Obligation and Individual Ambition in the Paris Agreement
Authors: Zahar Alexander 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSeveral scholars have claimed or implied that the Paris Agreement imposes a collective obligation on states to keep global warming below 2°C, but what is a collective obligation from a legal point of view? The literature that asserts the existence of a collective obligation fails to address this question. In this article I argue two points. Firstly, while a legally binding collective obligation for states is not a theoretical impossibility, the Paris Agreement has not demonstrably created such an obligation; therefore, the collective obligation that appears in the treaty constitutes at most an objective of the Agreement, albeit a crucial one. Secondly, while state observance of the Agreement's apparent collective obligation (but, in fact, paramount objective) is necessary for the success of the treaty, the Agreement does not provide for a process to resolve the global mitigation burden into state-level ambition commitments to ensure that the paramount objective is met. While this is a significant failing of the Agreement, the provisions in the 2018 Paris Rulebook on the global stocktake are sufficiently loose to allow for this mechanism to play a role in the ‘individuation’ of the mitigation burden.
Multiscale Data Fusion for Surface Soil Moisture Estimation: A Spatial Hierarchical Approach
Authors: Kathuria Dhruva , Mohanty Binayak P. , Katzfuss Matthias 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSurface soil moisture (SSM) has been identified as a key climate variable governing hydrologic and atmospheric processes across multiple spatial scales at local, regional, and global levels. The global burgeoning of SSM datasets in the past decade holds a significant potential in improving our understanding of multiscale SSM dynamics. The primary issues that hinder the fusion of SSM data from disparate instruments are (1) different spatial resolutions of the data instruments, (2) inherent spatial variability in SSM caused due to atmospheric and land surface controls, and (3) measurement errors caused due to imperfect retrievals of instruments. We present a data fusion scheme which takes all the above three factors into account using a Bayesian spatial hierarchical model (SHM), combining a geostatistical approach with a hierarchical model. The applicability of the fusion scheme is demonstrated by fusing point, airborne, and satellite data for a watershed exhibiting high spatial variability in Manitoba, Canada. We demonstrate that the proposed data fusion scheme is adept at assimilating and predicting SSM distribution across all three scales while accounting for potential measurement errors caused due to imperfect retrievals. Further validation of the algorithm is required in different hydroclimates and surface heterogeneity as well as for other data platforms for wider applicability.
Sources and Distribution of Fresh Water Around Cape Farewell in 2014
Authors: Benetti M. , Reverdin G. , Clarke J. S. , Tynan E. , Holliday N. P. , Torres‐Valdes S. , Lherminier P. , Yashayaev I. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWe investigate the origin of fresh water on the shelves near Cape Farewell (south Greenland) using sections of three hydrographic cruises in May (HUD2014007) and June 2014 (JR302 and Geovide). We partition the fresh water between meteoric water sources and sea ice melt or brine formation using the δ18O of sea water. The sections illustrate the presence of the East Greenland Coastal Current (EGCC) close to shore east of Cape Farewell. West of Cape Farewell, it partially joins the shelf break, with a weaker near‐surface remnant of the EGCC observed on the shelf southwest and west of Cape Farewell. The EGCC traps the freshest waters close to Greenland and carries a brine signature below 50‐m depth. The cruises illustrate a strong increase in meteoric water of the shelf upper layer (by more than a factor 2) between early May and late June, likely to result from East and South Greenland spring melt. There was also a contribution of sea ice melt near the surface but with large variability both spatially and also between the two June cruises. Furthermore, gradients in the freshwater distribution and its contributions are larger east of Cape Farewell than west of Cape Farewell, which is related to the EGCC being more intense and closer to the coast east of Cape Farewell than west of it. Large temporal variability in the currents is found between different sections to the east and southeast of Cape Farewell, likely related to changes in wind conditions.
Seasonal Variations in Atmospheric Composition as Measured in Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Trainer Melissa G. , Wong Michael H. , McConnochie Timothy H. , Franz Heather B. , Atreya Sushil K. , Conrad Pamela G. , Lefèvre Franck , Mahaffy Paul R. , Malespin Charles A. , Manning Heidi L.K. , Martín‐Torres Javier , Martínez Germán M. , McKay Christopher P. , Navarro‐González Rafael , Vicente‐Retortillo Álvaro , Webster Christopher R. , Zorzano María‐Paz 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument onboard the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover measures the chemical composition of major atmospheric species (CO2, N2, 40Ar, O2, and CO) through a dedicated atmospheric inlet. We report here measurements of volume mixing ratios in Gale Crater using the SAM quadrupole mass spectrometer, obtained over a period of nearly 5 years (3 Mars years) from landing. The observation period spans the northern summer of MY 31 and solar longitude (LS) of 175° through spring of MY 34, LS = 12°. This work expands upon prior reports of the mixing ratios measured by SAM QMS in the first 105 sols of the mission. The SAM QMS atmospheric measurements were taken periodically, with a cumulative coverage of four or five experiments per season on Mars. Major observations include the seasonal cycle of CO2, N2, and Ar, which lags approximately 20–40° of LS behind the pressure cycle driven by CO2 condensation and sublimation from the winter poles. This seasonal cycle indicates that transport occurs on faster timescales than mixing. The mixing ratio of O2 shows significant seasonal and interannual variability, suggesting an unknown atmospheric or surface process at work. The O2 measurements are compared to several parameters, including dust optical depth and trace CH4 measurements by Curiosity. We derive annual mean volume mixing ratios for the atmosphere in Gale Crater: CO2 = 0.951 (±0.003), N2 = 0.0259 (±0.0006), 40Ar = 0.0194 (±0.0004), O2 = 1.61 (±0.09) x 10‐3, and CO = 5.8 (±0.8) x 10‐4.
Genome-wide association study of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis reveals genomic loci stratified by ANCA status
Authors: Lyons Paul A , Peters James E , Alberici Federico , Liley James , Coulson Richard M. R. , Astle William , Baldini Chiara , Bonatti Francesco , Cid Maria C , Elding Heather , Emmi Giacomo , Epplen Jörg , Guillevin Loïc , Jayne David R. W. , Jiang Tao , Gunnarsson Iva , Lamprecht Peter , Leslie Stephen , Little Mark A. , Martorana Davide , Moosig Frank , Neumann Thomas , Ohlsson Sophie , Quickert Stefanie , Ramirez Giuseppe A. , Rewerska Barbara , Schett Georg , Sinico Renato A. , Szczeklik Wojciech , Tesar Vladimir , Vukcevic Damjan ,   The European Vasculitis Genetics Consortium, Akil Mohammed , Barratt Jonathan , Basu Neil , Butterworth Adam S. , Bruce Ian , Clarkson Michael , Conlon Niall , DasGupta Bhaskar , Doulton Timothy W. R. , Espígol-Frigolé Georgina , Flossmann Oliver , Gabrielli Armando , Gasior Jolanta , Gregorini Gina , Guida Giuseppe , Hernández-Rodríguez José , Hruskova Zdenka , Hudson Amy , Knight Ann , Lanyon Peter , Luqmani Raashid , Magliano Malgorzata , Manfredi Angelo A. , Marguerie Christopher , Maritati Federica , Marvisi Chiara , McHugh Neil J. , Molloy Eamonn , Motyer Allan , Mukhtyar Chetan , Padyukov Leonid , Pesci Alberto , Prieto-Gonzalez Sergio , Ramentol-Sintas Marc , Reis Petra , Roccatello Dario , Rovere-Querini Patrizia , Salvarani Carlo , Santarsia Francesca , Solans-Laque Roser , Soranzo Nicole , Taylor Jo , Wessels Julie , Zwerina Jochen , Terrier Benjamin , Watts Richard A , Vaglio Augusto , Holle Julia U , Wallace Chris , Smith Kenneth G. C. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractEosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare inflammatory disease of unknown cause. 30% of patients have anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) specific for myeloperoxidase (MPO). Here, we describe a genome-wide association study in 676 EGPA cases and 6809 controls, that identifies 4 EGPA-associated loci through conventional case-control analysis, and 4 additional associations through a conditional false discovery rate approach. Many variants are also associated with asthma and six are associated with eosinophil count in the general population. Through Mendelian randomisation, we show that a primary tendency to eosinophilia contributes to EGPA susceptibility. Stratification by ANCA reveals that EGPA comprises two genetically and clinically distinct syndromes. MPO+ ANCA EGPA is an eosinophilic autoimmune disease sharing certain clinical features and an HLA-DQ association with MPO+ ANCA-associated vasculitis, while ANCA-negative EGPA may instead have a mucosal/barrier dysfunction origin. Four candidate genes are targets of therapies in development, supporting their exploration in EGPA.
Transcription and translation contribute to gene locus relocation to the nucleoid periphery in E. coli
Authors: Yang Sora , Kim Seunghyeon , Kim Dong-Kyun , Jeon An Hyeong , Bae Son Jung , Hedén Gynnå Arvid , Ki Lee Nam 
Published: November 2019

AbstractTranscription by RNA polymerase (RNAP) is coupled with translation in bacteria. Here, we observe the dynamics of transcription and subcellular localization of a specific gene locus (encoding a non-membrane protein) in living E. coli cells at subdiffraction-limit resolution. The movement of the gene locus to the nucleoid periphery correlates with transcription, driven by either E. coli RNAP or T7 RNAP, and the effect is potentiated by translation.
Optical spin locking of a solid-state qubit
Authors: Bodey J. H. , Stockill R. , Denning E. V. , Gangloff D. A. , Éthier-Majcher G. , Jackson D. M. , Clarke E. , Hugues M. , Gall C. Le , Atatüre M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractQuantum control of solid-state spin qubits typically involves pulses in the microwave domain, drawing from the well-developed toolbox of magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Driving a solid-state spin by optical means offers a high-speed alternative, which in the presence of limited spin coherence makes it the preferred approach for high-fidelity quantum control. Bringing the full versatility of magnetic spin resonance to the optical domain requires full phase and amplitude control of the optical fields. Here, we imprint a programmable microwave sequence onto a laser field and perform electron spin resonance in a semiconductor quantum dot via a two-photon Raman process. We show that this approach yields full SU(2) spin control with over $$98 \%$$

98
%

$$\pi$$
π
-rotation fidelity. We then demonstrate its versatility by implementing a particular multi-axis control sequence, known as spin locking. Combined with electron-nuclear Hartmann–Hahn resonances which we also report in this work, this sequence will enable efficient coherent transfer of a quantum state from the electron spin to the mesoscopic nuclear ensemble.
Computational geometric tools for quantitative comparison of locomotory behavior
Authors: Stamps Matthew T. , Go Soo , Mathuru Ajay S. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA fundamental challenge for behavioral neuroscientists is to accurately quantify (dis)similarities in animal behavior without excluding inherent variability present between individuals. We explored two new applications of curve and shape alignment techniques to address this issue. As a proof-of-concept we applied these methods to compare normal or alarmed behavior in pairs of medaka (Oryzias latipes). The curve alignment method we call Behavioral Distortion Distance (BDD) revealed that alarmed fish display less predictable swimming over time, even if individuals incorporate the same action patterns like immobility, sudden changes in swimming trajectory, or changing their position in the water column. The Conformal Spatiotemporal Distance (CSD) technique on the other hand revealed that, in spite of the unpredictability, alarmed individuals exhibit lower variability in overall swim patterns, possibly accounting for the widely held notion of “stereotypy” in alarm responses. More generally, we propose that these new applications of established computational geometric techniques are useful in combination to represent, compare, and quantify complex behaviors consisting of common action patterns that differ in duration, sequence, or frequency.
Electrocortical Evidence for Impaired Affective Picture Processing after Long-Term Immobilization
Authors: Brauns Katharina , Werner Anika , Gunga Hanns-Christian , Maggioni Martina A. , Dinges David F. , Stahn Alexander 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe neurobehavioral risks associated with spaceflight are not well understood. In particular, little attention has been paid on the role of resilience, social processes and emotion regulation during long-duration spaceflight. Bed rest is a well-established spaceflight analogue that combines the adaptations associated with physical inactivity and semi-isolation and confinement. We here investigated the effects of 30 days of 6 degrees head-down tilt bed rest on affective picture processing using event-related potentials (ERP) in healthy men. Compared to a control group, bed rest participants showed significantly decreased P300 and LPP amplitudes to pleasant and unpleasant stimuli, especially in centroparietal regions, after 30 days of bed rest. Source localization revealed a bilateral lower activity in the posterior cingulate gyrus, insula and precuneus in the bed rest group in both ERP time frames for emotional, but not neutral stimuli.
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor-associated protein deficiency attenuates sirtuin1 expression in an immortalised human renal proximal tubule cell line
Authors: Yamaji Takahiro , Yamashita Akio , Wakui Hiromichi , Azushima Kengo , Uneda Kazushi , Fujikawa Yumiko , Haku Sona , Kobayashi Ryu , Ohki Kohji , Haruhara Kotaro , Kinguchi Sho , Ishii Takeo , Yamada Takayuki , Urate Shingo , Suzuki Toru , Abe Eriko , Tanaka Shohei , Kamimura Daisuke , Ishigami Tomoaki , Toya Yoshiyuki , Takahashi Hidehisa , Tamura Kouichi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe proximal tubule is a particularly important site for ageing-related kidney damage. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)-dependent deacetylase in the proximal tubule, may be involved in renal injury associated with ageing. However, the mechanisms of SIRT1 regulation remain to be elucidated. We recently reported that angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-associated protein (ATRAP)-deficient mice displayed age-associated renal function decline and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Our data showed that SIRT1 protein expression was reduced in ATRAP-deficient mice, although the relationship between ATRAP deficiency and age-associated renal fibrosis is still not fully understood. It is, therefore, necessary to investigate how ATRAP affects SIRT1 protein expression to resolve ageing-associated kidney dysfunction. Here, since ageing studies are inherently lengthy, we used an ex vivo model of the proximal tubule to determine the role of ATRAP in SIRT1 protein expression. We first generated a clonal immortalised human renal proximal tubule epithelial cell line (ciRPTEC) expressing AT1R and ATRAP. Using this cell line, we demonstrated that ATRAP knockdown reduced SIRT1 protein expression in the ciRPTEC but did not alter SIRT1 mRNA expression. Thus, ATRAP likely mediates SIRT1 protein abundance in ciRPTEC.
High-frequency oscillations in scalp EEG mirror seizure frequency in pediatric focal epilepsy
Authors: Boran Ece , Sarnthein Johannes , Krayenbühl Niklaus , Ramantani Georgia , Fedele Tommaso 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHigh-frequency oscillations (HFO) are promising EEG biomarkers of epileptogenicity. While the evidence supporting their significance derives mainly from invasive recordings, recent studies have extended these observations to HFO recorded in the widely accessible scalp EEG. Here, we investigated whether scalp HFO in drug-resistant focal epilepsy correspond to epilepsy severity and how they are affected by surgical therapy. In eleven children with drug-resistant focal epilepsy that underwent epilepsy surgery, we prospectively recorded pre- and postsurgical scalp EEG with a custom-made low-noise amplifier (LNA). In four of these children, we also recorded intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG). To detect clinically relevant HFO, we applied a previously validated automated detector. Scalp HFO rates showed a significant positive correlation with seizure frequency (R2 = 0.80, p < 0.001). Overall, scalp HFO rates were higher in patients with active epilepsy (19 recordings, p = 0.0066, PPV = 86%, NPV = 80%, accuracy = 84% CI [62% 94%]) and decreased following successful epilepsy surgery. The location of the highest HFO rates in scalp EEG matched the location of the highest HFO rates in ECoG. This study is the first step towards using non-invasively recorded scalp HFO to monitor disease severity in patients affected by epilepsy.
Denatured lysozyme-coated carbon nanotubes: a versatile biohybrid material
Authors: Siepi Marialuisa , Donadio Giuliana , Dardano Principia , De Stefano Luca , Monti Daria Maria , Notomista Eugenio 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are among the most versatile nanomaterials, but their exploitation is hindered by limited dispersibility, especially in aqueous solvents. Here, we show that AP-LYS, a highly cationic soluble derivative of denatured hen egg lysozyme, is a very effective tool for the unbundling and solubilisation of CNTs. AP-LYS proved to mediate the complete and stable dispersion of CNTs at protein: CNT ratios ≥1: 3 (w:w) in very mild conditions (10–20 minutes sonication in ammonium acetate buffer, pH 5.0). Electrophoretic mobility and ζ-potential measurements confirmed that dispersed CNTs were coated by the protein, whereas molecular docking was used to study the interactions between AP-LYS and CNTs. AP-LYS-coated CNTs proved to be a very effective microbial cell-flocculating agent with an efficiency similar to that of chitosan, one of the best available flocculating agents, thus suggesting that this hybrid could find industrial applications in the treatment of wastewaters contaminated by microbial cells, or to remove microbial cells after fermentation processes. Moreover, we exploited the low stability of AP-LYS-coated CNT dispersions in eukaryotic cell culture media to prepare scaffolds with an extracellular matrix-like rough surface for the cultivation of eukaryotic cells.
Ventilator settings and outcome of respiratory failure in paraquat-induced pulmonary injury
Authors: Khazraei Seyedehparvin , Marashi Sayed Mahdi , Sanaei-Zadeh Hossein 
Published: November 2019

AbstractParaquat is a nonselective contact herbicide that has significant importance in clinical toxicology due to its high mortality rate. The cause of mortality in the acute phase of poisoning is a multi-organ failure while in the sub-acute phase is alveolar injury and lung fibrosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the advantages and drawbacks of mechanical ventilation (MV) in paraquat-induced pulmonary injury and its consequential respiratory failure (PIPI-CRF). This retrospective descriptive analytical study was done to investigate the outcome of patients who had developed PIPI-CRF and underwent conventional treatments with invasive MV in three teaching hospitals in Shiraz, Iran, from March 2010 to February 2015. In total, 44 patients (mean age of 27.9 ± 9.98 years) had undergone MV due to PIPI-CRF. None of the patients had a successful wean off from the ventilator. Although all the patients’ were on aggressive life support and full efforts to resuscitate were carried out in case of cardiac arrest, all of them expired. We suggest that in the case of conventional treatment of paraquat poisoning, only noninvasive ventilation should be applied. However, considering the chance of patient’s survival performing novel treatments, such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), lung protective ventilation with optimal positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) could be applied only in such circumstances.