bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysregulation of the Retromer Complex System in Down Syndrome
Authors: Curtis Mary Elizabeth , Yu Daohai , Praticò Domenico 
Published: April 2020

ObjectiveMost of the patients with Down syndrome (DS) develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology by age 40. Although this increased susceptibility to AD in DS is thought to be primarily due to triplication of the amyloid precursor protein located on chromosome 21, the precise molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Recent evidence has implicated defective protein sorting and trafficking secondary to deficiencies in retromer complex proteins in AD pathogenesis. Thus, the objective of the present study is to assess the retromer complex system in DS.MethodsHuman postmortem brain tissue and fibroblasts from subjects with DS and healthy controls were examined for the various retromer protein components using Western blot analysis and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR).ResultsRetromer recognition core proteins were significantly decreased in DS fibroblasts, and in both the hippocampi and cortices of young (age 15–40 years old) and aged (40–65 years old) subjects with DS compared with controls. Correlation analyses showed a significant inverse relationship between recognition core proteins and levels of soluble forms of Aβ 1–40 and 1–42 in both hippocampus (n = 33, Spearman = −0.59 to −0.38, p ≤ 0.03 for VPS35, VPS26, VPS29, and VPS26B) and cortex tissue (n = 57, Spearman = −0.46 to −0.27, p ≤ 0.04 for VPS35, VPS26, and VPS29) of the same patients.InterpretationWe conclude that dysregulation of the retromer complex system is an early event in the development of the AD‐like pathology and cognitive decline in DS, and for this reason the system could represent a novel potential therapeutic target for DS. ANN NEUROL 2020 ANN NEUROL 2020;88:137–147
Microstructures and electrothermal characterization of aromatic poly(azomethine ether)‐derived carbon films
Authors: Choi Young Chul , Kim Min Su , Ryu Kyoung Moon , Lee Sang Hoon , Jeong Young Gyu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report the microstructural evolution and electrothermal properties of aromatic poly(azomethine ether) (PAME)‐derived carbon films, which were fabricated by a facile spin‐coating and following carbonization at different temperatures of 300–1,000°C. For the purpose, poly[3‐(4‐nitrilophenoxy)phenylenenitrilomethine‐1,3‐phenylenemethine] (mPAME) with a high residue of ~56.4 wt% after carbonization at 1,000°C was synthesized for a polymeric precursor for carbon films. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed that the molecular structures of mPAME films changed into an intrinsically nitrogen‐doped graphitic structure, dominantly at the carbonization temperatures of 800–100°C. The electrical conductivity increased considerably from ~10−7 S/cm for mPAME‐derived films fabricated at 300–700°C to ~100 S/cm for the film carbonized at 800°C to ~101 S/cm for the films carbonized at 900–1,000°C. Accordingly, mPAME‐derived carbon films, which were carbonized at 900–1,000°C, exhibited excellent electrothermal performance, such as rapid temperature responsiveness, high maximum temperatures, and high electric power efficiency to relatively low applied voltages of 5–13 V.
Risk factors in the prediction of long‐term patency of Resonance metallic ureteric stent in malignant ureteric obstruction
Authors: Ho Brian S. H. , Chiu Peter K. F. , Lam Wayne , Wong Julius H. F. , Wong Charles K. W. , Lai Terence C. T. , Tsang Chiu‐Fung , Ng Ada T. L. , Chan Chi‐Kwok , Ma Wai‐Kit , Ng Chi‐Fai , Tsu James H. L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesCancer is the second leading cause of death globally in 2018 with an estimated 9.6 million deaths. The costs of managing malignant ureteric obstruction (MUO) is a significant burden to any healthcare system. However, the management of MUO has long been a challenge for urologists. The standard options of percutaneous nephrostomy or polymer double J stents are fraught with problems. We report a large patient series with long‐term follow‐up in the use of Resonance metallic ureteric stents to relieve MUO, and identification of risk factors associated with stent failure.Patients and methodsAll patients with MUO who were arranged to have Resonance metallic ureteric stent insertion at two university hospitals were included in this cohort study, starting from June 2011 to July 2016. Data were retrieved retrospectively. The primary outcome was the total duration of stent patency before stent failure due to malignant disease progression. Stent failure was defined as ureteric obstruction identified on imaging (functional radioisotope scan or antegrade pyelogram), acute renal failure resolved by subsequent percutaneous nephrostomy, or any other cause requiring stent removal prematurely. Secondary outcomes were identification of factors associated with stent failure, grade III or above complication, and development of a risk‐adopted model to predict metallic ureteric stent patency rates in MUO patients. Median duration of functioning metallic ureteric stent was determined with Kaplan‐Meier survival curve.ResultsA total of 124 renal units in 95 patients with MUO were eligible for the study, with a median follow‐up period of 22.9 months. About 106 (85.5%) renal units had successful metallic stent insertion, of whom 41 (33.1%) renal units ultimately progressed to ureteric obstruction despite the metallic stents, and required subsequent insertion of nephrostomies. Median duration of functioning metallic ureteric stents was 25 months. Female gender (HR 3.0, 95% CI: 1.3‐7.2, P = .014) and suspicious bladder lesion (HR 2.9, 95% CI: 1.4‐6.2, P = .005) were independent risk factors for stent failure, respectively. Stratifying patients into low (0 risk factor), intermediate (1 risk factor), and high (2 risk factors) risk groups, we found that this could predict the duration of stent patency in MUO with the metallic stents. (Low risk: 30.3 months vs intermediate group: 17.8 months vs high risk: 4.9 months, P < .001).ConclusionResonance metallic ureteral stents are able provide a median of 25 months of ureteric drainage in patients with MUO. Determining whether a patient has one or both risks factors (female gender and bladder lesion) will allow one to estimate the duration of metallic stent patency, which in turn may aid in determining cost‐effectiveness in individual patients.
The effect of behavioral skills training on shot performance in field hockey
Authors: O'Neill Kelsey , Miltenberger Raymond 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBehavior analysis procedures have been used to improve sports performance and enhance player safety across a wide variety of sports. The current study evaluated the effects of behavioral skills training on three common field hockey shots, a slap shot, drive, and sweep for young field hockey players. The procedures were evaluated in a multiple baseline across behaviors for three players. Results showed increases in each type of shot once intervention was implemented.
13C Metabolic Flux Analysis of Escherichia coli Engineered for Gamma‐Aminobutyrate Production
Authors: Im Dae‐Kyun , Hong Jaeseung , Gu Boncheol , Sung Changmin , Oh Min‐Kyu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractEscherichia coli is engineered for γ‐aminobutyrate (GABA) production in glucose minimal medium. For this, overexpression of mutant glutamate decarboxylase (GadB) and mutant glutamate/GABA antiporter (GadC), as well as deletion of GABA transaminase (GabT), are accomplished. In addition, the carbon flux to the tricarboxylic acid cycle is engineered by the overexpression of gltA, ppc, or both. The overexpression of citrate synthase (CS), encoded by gltA, increases GABA productivity, as expected. Meanwhile, the overexpression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PPC) causes a decrease in the rate of glucose uptake, resulting in a decrease in GABA production. The phenotypes of the strains are characterized by 13C metabolic flux analysis (13C MFA). The results reveal that CS overexpression increases glycolysis and anaplerotic reaction rates, as well as the citrate synthesis rate, while PPC overexpression causes little changes in metabolic fluxes, but reduces glucose uptake rate. The engineered strain produces 1.2 g L−1 of GABA from glucose. Thus, by using 13C MFA, important information is obtained for designing metabolically engineered strains for efficient GABA production.
Closing the gap: Contribution of surgical best practices to outcome differences between high‐ and low‐volume centers for lung cancer resection
Authors: von Itzstein Mitchell S. , Lu Rong , Kernstine Kemp H. , Halm Ethan A. , Wang Shidan , Xie Yang , Gerber David E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundClinical outcomes for resected early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are superior at high‐volume facilities, but reasons for these differences remain unclear. Understanding these differences and optimizing outcomes across institutions are critical to the management of the increasing incidence of these cases. We evaluated the extent to which surgical best practices account for resected early‐stage NSCLC outcome differences between facilities according to case volume.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study for clinical stage 1 or 2 NSCLC undergoing surgical resection from 2004 to 2013 using the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Surgical best practices (negative surgical margins, lobar or greater resection, lymph node (LN) dissection, and examination of > 10 LNs) were compared between the highest and lowest quartile volumes.ResultsA total of 150,179 patients were included in the cohort (89% white, 53% female, median age 68 years). In a multivariate model, superior overall survival (OS) was observed at highest volume centers compared to lowest volume centers (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82‐0.96; P = .002). After matching for surgical best practices, there was no significant OS difference (HR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.87‐1.05; P = .32). Propensity score‐adjusted HR estimates indicated that surgical best practices accounted for 54% of the numerical OS difference between low‐volume and high‐volume centers. Each surgical best practice was independently associated with improved OS (all P ≤ .001).ConclusionQuantifiable and potentially modifiable surgical best practices largely account for resected early‐stage NSCLC outcome differences observed between low‐ and high‐volume centers. Adherence to these guidelines may reduce and potentially eliminate these differences.
Should psychotherapists apologise after microaggressions? An empirical analogue study of perceptions of therapists
Authors: Overstreet Abigail K. , Pomerantz Andrew M. , Segrist Daniel J. , Ro Eunyoe 
Published: April 2020

AbstractMicroaggressions are common slights, invalidations or insults directed towards individuals belonging to groups devalued within a society and are often committed by individuals who are unaware that their words/actions may have harmful or marginalising effects. When a therapist commits a microaggression against a client, should the therapist apologise? The use of apology by therapists has received little empirical attention, and the use of apology by therapists specifically after a microaggression has received virtually none. In the current study, participants (N = 230) read and responded to questions about a randomly assigned vignette in which the therapist committed a microaggression towards a client and then apologised (microaggression with apology condition); the therapist committed a microaggression towards a client and did not apologise (microaggression without apology condition); or the therapist committed no microaggression at all (no microaggression condition). The results indicated that for all three dependent variables intended to capture impressions of the therapist in the vignette (perceived multicultural competency, vicarious retention and overall impression of the therapist), no significant differences emerged between the microaggression with apology and microaggression without apology conditions. Both of these conditions received significantly less favourable ratings on all three dependent variables than the no‐microaggression condition, suggesting that apologising after a microaggression may not restore the impression of the therapist back to the level it would have remained if the microaggression had not occurred. The implications of these results for clinical practice are discussed, along with limitations in the method and generalisability of this study.
In‐stent chronic total occlusion angioplasty in the LATAM‐CTO registry
Authors: Lamelas Pablo , Padilla Lucio , Abud Marcelo , Cigalini Ignacio , Vaca Ignacio , Ordoñez Santiago , Santiago Ricardo , Tinoco de Paula João Eduardo , Ybarra Luiz Fernando , Botelho Da Silva Antônio Carlos , Campos Carlos , Piccaro de Oliveira Pedro , Belli Karlyse Claudino , de Quadros Alexandre Schaan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo inform about contemporary PCI practice of in‐stent (IS) chronic total occlusions (CTO) from a large international registry in Latin America.BackgroundIS‐CTO represent a distinctive challenge for PCI, but literature is limited and restricted to high‐resource regions of the world.MethodsPatients undergoing CTO PCI enrolled in the LATAM CTO registry from 42 centers in eight countries were included. We analyzed demographics, angiographic, procedure technique, success and postprocedural outcomes between IS‐CTO and non‐IS‐CTO PCI.ResultsFrom 1,565 patients IS‐CTO was present in 181 patients (11.5%). IS‐CTO patients had higher prevalence of diabetes and hypertension than patients without IS‐CTO. IS‐CTOs had less calcification (32.5 vs. 46.7%, p < .001), lower prevalence of a proximal branch (36.3 vs. 50.1%, p < .001), more likely to be ostial (24.4 vs. 18.1%, p = .042), were longer (28.5 vs. 25.2 mm, p = .062), and had less interventional collaterals (49.1 vs. 57.3%, p = .038) compared with non‐IS‐CTO. CTO complexity scores were similar between both groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the initial or successful strategy between IS‐CTO and non‐IS‐CTO PCI. Technical success rates remained high in IS‐CTO (86.7%) and non‐IS‐CTO (83.1%, p = .230). There was no independent association between IS‐CTO and technical success in multivariable analysis. There were no differences between IS‐CTO and non‐IS‐CTO groups for in‐hospital clinical outcomes.ConclusionIn a contemporary, multicenter, and international registry from Latin America, IS‐CTO PCI is frequent and has comparable technical success and safety profile compared to non‐IS‐CTO PCI.
Investigation of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity in barley and oats affected by variation in growing location
Authors: Rao Shiwangni , Santhakumar Abishek B. , Chinkwo Kenneth A. , Blanchard Christopher L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesBarley and oat grains in addition to beta‐glucan contain antioxidant phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds that have health beneficial properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of growing location on the composition of phenolic compounds and its antioxidant activity in barley and oats. Barley varieties included Compass, Gairdner and Hindmarsh grown in Condobolin, Northstar and Oaklands. Oat varieties included Echidna, Williams and Yallara grown in Condobolin, Wagga Wagga, and Oaklands.FindingsCultivation environment was observed to have a significant impact on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of both cereals. In barley, proanthocyanidin content was also affected by cultivation location. Variable response of phenolic compounds to cultivation location indicated a genetic influence. In barley, several phenolic compounds were affected by location and genotype, including flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, such as prodelphinidins. In oats in addition to flavonoids, avenanthramide A, B, and C were also affected by environmental conditions.ConclusionPhenolic compounds found in barley and oats that were susceptible to environmental conditions are the major contributors of antioxidant activity. The study also outlines the possibility that both genetic and environmental factors affect the regulation of phenolic compounds in cereals.Significance and noveltyThis study contributes to the understanding of phenolic compound response to growth conditions while highlighting the importance of monitoring the impact environment can have on compounds of interest.
White out left hemithorax: A chronic expanding hematoma after blunt chest trauma
Authors: Nguyen Tran‐Thuy , Nguyen Tran‐Chung 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA chronic expanding hematoma of the chest is rare after blunt chest trauma. Chest radiography and computed tomography showed a huge mass with focal calcification within the mass. Surgical removal is the main treatment for thoracic hematomas.
In situ Image Processing and Data Binning Strategy for Particle Engineering Applications
Authors: El Arnaout Toufic , Cullen Patrick J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCrystallization control can be improved through real‐time monitoring technologies. Here, a workflow is demonstrated on rapid batch cooling crystallization of L‐glutamic acid. First, in situ images were generated using video microscopy sensors and analyzed, by employing a single, rapid macro code to extract particle data descriptors. A binning procedure (over time) was performed, where every data point represented the counts of particles within a specific size or shape range per 100 images. This binning method was found more informative in tracking of the populations compared to whole image averages or individual particle datapoints. This study provides a step‐by‐step guide towards improving mechanistic modeling, control via feedback, automation, and continuous manufacturing for Industry 4.0.
A High‐Performance Membraneless Microfluidic Microbial Fuel Cell for Stable, Long‐Term Benchtop Operation under Strong Flow
Authors: Amirdehi Mehran Abbaszadeh , Khodaparastasgarabad Nastaran , Landari Hamza , Zarabadi Mir Pouyan , Miled Amine , Greener Jesse 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Jesse Greener at Laval University in Quebec City (Canada). The cover picture shows a real microfluidic microbial fuel cell (MFC) used in this study. Three graphical elements are superimposed to highlight critical design enhancements over previous literature examples. These include: i) improved anaerobic environment with an oxygen protection barrier, ii) robust and kinetically favorable graphite electrodes, and iii) reduced anolyte/catholyte cross‐over to opposite electrodes via computer‐optimized device architecture. Bringing these improvements together into the same platform, we demonstrate an opportunity to bridge the gap between the micro‐ and macro‐MFC studies. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.202000040.
Microwave dielectric properties of Li2M2(MoO4)3 (M = Co, Ni) for LTCC applications
Authors: Huang Cheng‐Liang , Liou Jie‐Ning , Tsai Meng‐Hung , Huang Wen‐Chiao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractTwo low‐firing Li2M2(MoO4)3 (M = Co, Ni) dielectrics were prepared, and their microwave dielectric properties were investigated. The XRD patterns indicated both samples crystallized in an orthorhombic structure with different space groups. The microstructures, lattice parameters, and Raman spectra of these ceramics were also systematically studied. The microwave dielectric properties were obtained with εr ~ 9.1, Q × f ~ 34 000 GHz and τf ~ −72 ppm/°C for Li2Co2(MoO4)3 at 840°C, εr ~ 9.6, Q × f ~ 28 000 GHz and τf ~ −71 ppm/°C for Li2Ni2(MoO4)3 at 660°C. With 0.05 mol% Zn substitution, excellent microwave dielectric properties (εr ~ 10.9, Q × f ~ 56 000 GHz and τf ~ −62 ppm/°C) can be obtained for Li2(Ni0.95Zn0.05)2(MoO4)3 at 660°C, indicating a very promising dielectric for LTCC or ULTCC applications at high frequencies.
Cytology meets next generation sequencing and liquid biopsy: A case of lung adenocarcinoma presenting as metastasis to the phalanx
Authors: Clery Eduardo , Pisapia Pasquale , Migliatico Ilaria , Pepe Francesco , De Luca Caterina , Russo Maria , De Rosa Filippo , Smeraglia Francesco , Insabato Luigi , Vigliar Elena , Malapelle Umberto , Mariconda Massimo , Gridelli Cesare , Troncone Giancarlo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCarcinomas do rarely metastasize to the finger. Non‐small‐cell lung cancer is most frequently involved. To date, only a few cases have been reported, on histology. Here we describe the cytological features of a metastatic lung adenocarcinoma case to the phalanx of the right forefinger as initial manifestation of the neoplastic disease in a 69‐years‐old woman. The cytological microscopic findings, complemented by a wide array of ancillary techniques, were confirmed by histology. Neoplastic cells were positive for cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF‐1), harboring, in tissue and in bloodstream samples, an uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 p.S768_D760DUP, detected by next generation sequencing (NGS) and liquid biopsy. Cytology corroborated by immunocytochemistry, NGS, and liquid biopsy is a modern approach to provide diagnostic and therapeutic information even in rare and challenging cases.
CXCL12 is required for stirrup‐shaped stapes formation during mammalian middle ear development
Authors: Ankamreddy Harinarayana , Koo Heiyeun , Lee Young Jae , Bok Jinwoong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe mammalian middle ear comprises a chain of three ossicles—the malleus, incus, and stapes—each of which has a unique morphology for efficiently transmitting sound information. In particular, the stapes, which is attached to the inner ear, is stirrup‐shaped with a head and base connected by two crural arches, forming the stapedial foramen, through which the stapedial artery passes. However, how the stapes acquires this critical stirrup shape for association with the stapedial artery during development is not clear.ResultsC‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) is a chemoattractant essential for cellular movement and angiogenesis. In Cxcl12
−/− embryos, migration of neural crest cells into the prospective middle ear regions and their mesenchymal condensation to form the three ossicles proceed normally in correct alignment with each other and the inner ear. However, in the absence of CXCL12, the stapes loses its stirrup shape and instead exhibits a columnar shape lacking the crural arches and central hole. In addition, although the stapedial artery initially forms during early mesenchymal condensation of the stapes, it degenerates without CXCL12 function.ConclusionCXCL12 plays an essential role in establishing the stirrup‐shaped architecture of the stapes, possibly by maintaining the stapedial foramen and stapedial artery throughout development.
GAL4/GFP enhancer‐trap lines for identification and manipulation of cells and tissues in developing Arabidopsis leaves
Authors: Amalraj Brindhi , Govindaraju Priyanka , Krishna Anmol , Lavania Dhruv , Linh Nguyen M. , Ravichandran Sree J. , Scarpella Enrico 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding developmental processes requires the unambiguous identification of cells and tissues, and the selective manipulation of the properties of those cells and tissues. Both requirements can most efficiently be satisfied through the use of GAL4/GFP enhancer‐trap lines. No such lines, however, have been characterized for the study of early leaf development in the Columbia‐0 reference genotype of Arabidopsis.ResultsHere we address this limitation by identifying and characterizing a set of GAL4/GFP enhancer‐trap lines in the Columbia‐0 background for the specific labeling of cells and tissues during early leaf development, and for the targeted expression of genes of interest in those cells and tissues.ConclusionsBy using one line in our set to address outstanding questions in leaf vein patterning, we show that these lines can be used to address key questions in plant developmental biology.