bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a custom panel including 183 Y‐SNPs for Chinese Y‐chromosomal haplogroups dissection using a MALDI‐TOF MS system
Authors: Li Min , Zhang Yilun , Luo Li , Bian Yingnan , Li Chengtao 
Published: August 2020

AbstractY‐chromosome SNP haplogroups exhibit geographic structuring in many populations around the world. Therefore, Y‐chromosome haplogroups have been widely used to infer paternal biogeographical ancestry and high‐resolution paternal lineage classification. In the present study, we designed a customized panel containing 183 Y‐SNPs based on previous studies and evaluated the genotyping performance and repeatability, concordance, sensitivity, and ability of analysing case‐type samples using a MALDI‐TOF MS platform. The average call rate for duplicate typing of any one SNP in the panel was 97.0%. In the concordance and accuracy study, the results of haplogroup designation obtained from MALDI‐TOF MS platform were fully consistent with those obtained from the next‐generation sequencing (NGS) platform. The optimal amount of template DNA in the PCR seemed to be 10 ng. However, if less DNA (≥156.25 pg) was available, it was still possible to obtain meaningful haplogroup information. For the application part, this panel could be applied for the detection of blood, semen, and buccal swabs samples. Particularly, blood stain on FTA card samples could be dissected by direct PCR amplification on the MALDI‐TOF MS platform. Besides, 371 unrelated male individuals from four Chinese ethnic groups (Han, Hui, Mongolian, and Kazak) were detected using this panel. Total 78 terminal haplogroups were found and the haplogroup diversity was 0.933576. The results demonstrate that this panel could be an accurate, fast, and cost‐effective method for database construction where the amount of sample material is less of a concern and when the cost of the assay is taken into consideration.
Variability effects on magnetohydrodynamic for Blasius and Sakiadis flows in the presence of Dufour and Soret about a flat plate
Authors: Oyem Anselm O. , Mutuku Winifred N. , Oke Abayomi S. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractA study on a steady‐state, two‐dimensional boundary layer flow of an incompressible magnetohydrodynamic fluid for the Blasius and Sakiadis flows about a flat plate in the presence of Dufour (Df) and Soret Sr has been carried out. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity variables. These coupled equations are solved numerically using Runge‐Kutta Gill method with shooting technique. The results obtained have significant effects in the controlling parameters of the flow fluid.
Evolution of modal characteristics of a mid‐rise cold‐formed steel building during construction and earthquake testing
Authors: Wang Xiang , Hutchinson Tara C. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryVibration‐based structural identification is an essential technique for assessing structural conditions by inferring information from the dynamic characteristics of structures. However, the robustness of such techniques in monitoring the progressive damage of real structures has been validated with only a handful of research efforts, largely due to the paucity of monitoring data recorded from damaged structures. In a recent experimental program, a mid‐rise cold‐formed steel building was constructed at full scale atop a large shake table and subsequently subjected to a unique multi‐hazard scenario including earthquake, post‐earthquake fire, and finally post‐fire earthquake loading. Complementing the simulated hazard events, low‐amplitude vibration tests, including ambient vibrations and white noise base excitation tests, were conducted throughout the construction and the test phases. Using the vibration data collected during the multi‐hazard test program, this paper focuses on understanding the modal characteristics of the cold‐formed steel building in correlation with the construction and the structural damage progressively induced by the simulated hazard events. The modal parameters of the building (i.e., natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes) are estimated using two input–output and two output‐only time‐domain system identification techniques. Agreement between the evolution of modal parameters and the observations of the progression of physical damage demonstrates the effectiveness of the vibration‐based system identification techniques for structural condition monitoring and damage assessment.
Implications of strong earthquake ground motion duration on the response and testing of seismic isolation systems
Authors: Kitayama Shoma , Constantinou Michael C. 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis paper presents an investigation of the effects of the duration of earthquake ground motion on the peak displacement and total dissipated cumulative energy in seismic isolation systems designed by the procedures of ASCE/SEI 7‐16. The seismic isolation systems considered in this study are elastomeric with lead and natural rubber bearings and sliding in the form of single and triple friction pendulum bearings. Long‐ and short‐duration ground motions were selected so that the 5%‐damped spectral acceleration values of each motion were closely matched over periods of 0.05 to 6 s. The results of the analysis demonstrate that the duration of ground motions have insignificant effects on the isolation system peak displacement—particularly in the lower bound conditions and sliding isolation bearings—but have important effects on the total cumulative energy for all conditions. This has implications in the testing of isolators, which are presented in an evaluation of the isolator test procedures of the ASCE/SEI 7‐16 standard. The evaluation reveals that, if the cumulative energy dissipated by the isolation system is used as the controlling criterion, the specified tests are generally appropriate for locations characterized by short‐duration ground motions, but are unconservative for locations where long‐duration motions are anticipated. Additional results and discussion demonstrate that the cumulative energy may not be an appropriate criterion for designing isolator tests as it may lead to unrealistic demands on the tested isolators.
COVID‐19 and eating disorders during confinement: Analysis of factors associated with resilience and aggravation of symptoms
Authors: Baenas Isabel , Caravaca‐Sanz Elena , Granero Roser , Sánchez Isabel , Riesco Nadine , Testa Giulia , Vintró‐Alcaraz Cristina , Treasure Janet , Jiménez‐Murcia Susana , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the level of deterioration in functioning of ED patients during confinement, due to COVID‐19, and examine potential contributing factors (coping strategies, anxiety‐depressive symptomatology and personality traits).MethodsA total of 74 ED patients in treatment before the COVID‐19 outbreak, contributed to this study. Baseline pre‐treatment evaluation included the SCL‐90R, TCI‐R, EDI‐2 and Y‐FAS 2.0 questionnaires for general psychopathology, personality and ED severity indexes. ED symptoms, coping strategies, socio‐demographic data and COVID‐19 concerns were collected by clinicians through a semi‐structured telephone survey during lockdown.ResultsA deterioration in ED symptoms and general psychopathology (anxiety and depression), during lockdown, was associated with low self‐directedness. Higher ED symptomatology during confinement was associated with less‐adaptive coping strategies to deal with lockdown situation leading to an increase in weight.ConclusionsThese specific vulnerability factors to further confinement or stressful situations may help design personalized preventive and therapeutic approaches.
Continued Anticoagulant Rodenticide Exposure of Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) in the Northeastern United States with an Evaluation of Serum for Biomonitoring
Authors: Murray Maureen 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Prior studies (2006–2016) in birds of prey admitted to a wildlife clinic in Massachusetts, USA, revealed widespread exposure to second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (SGARs) among red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis, RTHAs). Continued monitoring of species for which historic data are available can reveal trends in exposure that aid in evaluating the effectiveness of risk-mitigation measures. While the majority of exposure-monitoring studies utilize liver tissue collected postmortem, antemortem modalities, such as serum analysis, may be desirable for risk assessments in certain populations. However, the sensitivity of serum for detecting anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) is not well studied. Paired liver and serum samples from 43 RTHAs were evaluated from 2017 to 2019. In liver tissue, 100% of birds were positive for ARs, with the SGARs brodifacoum, bromadiolone, and difethialone identified most frequently; 91% of birds had liver residues of 2 to 4 ARs. These findings represent the highest exposure both to ARs overall and to multiple ARs in RTHAs compared to previous studies. All birds diagnosed with AR toxicosis (n = 14) were positive for ARs in serum; however, all subclinically exposed birds (n = 29) were negative in serum. These data show that exposure to SGARs remains widespread in RTHAs in this geographic area. In addition, although serum analysis is not sensitive for detecting sublethal exposures in RTHAs, it can potentially support a diagnosis of AR toxicosis in conjunction with other consistent signs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2325–2335. © 2020 SETAC
Abstract
Photograph of a red-tailed hawk (RTHA) and an abbreviated table showing the percentage of RTHAs positive for anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) overall and for multiple ARs across 3 time periods.
The occurrence, enzymatic production, and application of ethyl butanoate, an important flavor constituent
Authors: Xu Youqiang , Minhazul Karim A. H. M. , Li Xiuting 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEthyl butanoate is well known for its value as a flavor chemical in food industries. It is naturally present in many fermented foods and with a rapid increase in demand. Studies are trying to improve its biological production as the method has advantages over direct extraction or chemical production in the way of cost, time, and product acceptance being natural. A total of twenty‐four studies have been published in the last three decades and used lipase from different sources as biocatalyst. Esterification of butanoic acid and ethanol as the precursors are reported in most of the studies with water as the by‐product and commonly recognized as a green route. As organic solvents increase the cost and may bring negative effects to the environment, the solvent‐free reaction system is recognized as a good alternative. However, hardly any works have been found on ethyl butanoate production in a water‐based reaction system and only a few studies focus on the biphasic and solvent‐free systems, while these systems have some attractive advantages over organic solvent‐based ester production. In addition, reviews related to this area are rare; therefore, this review summarizes the pathways to produce the ethyl butanoate in nature and the enzymatic production using different reaction systems. This will help to steerage the future research scope for improvement of ethyl butanoate production.
Multiscale neurobiological correlates of human neuroticism
Authors: Xu Qiang , Liu Feng , Qin Wen , Jiang Tianzi , Yu Chunshui 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNeuroticism is a heritable personality trait associated with negative emotionality; however, we know little regarding the association between the microscale and macroscale neurobiological substrates of human neuroticism. Cross‐scale correlation analysis may provide such information. In this study, voxel‐wise neuroimaging–neuroticism correlation analyses consistently showed a positive correlation between neuroticism and functional connectivity density (FCD) in the ventral striatum in 274 young Chinese adults. Partial least squares regression analysis showed that the FCD‐neuroticism correlation map was significantly spatially correlated with gene expression profiles in each of six donated human brains. Neuroticism‐related genes derived from the six donors consistently showed significant enrichment in the chemical synaptic transmission, circadian entrainment, long‐term potentiation, inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential channels, and amphetamine addiction pathways. The protein–protein interaction analysis revealed four hub genes involved in the above pathways, including G protein subunit gamma 10, 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C, prodynorphin, and calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II alpha. By combining multiscale correlation analyses and functional annotations, this study advances our understanding of the genetic and neural substrates of human neuroticism and emphasizes the importance of striatal functional properties in human neuroticism.
Local shape volume alterations in subcortical structures of suicide attempters with major depressive disorder
Authors: Kang Wooyoung , Shin Jeong‐Hyeon , Han Kyu‐Man , Kim Aram , Kang Youbin , Kang June , Tae Woo‐Suk , Paik Jong‐Woo , Lee Hae‐Woo , Seong Joon‐Kyung , Ham Byung‐Joo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSuicide is among the most important global health concerns; accordingly, an increasing number of studies have shown the risks for suicide attempt(s) in terms of brain morphometric features and their clinical correlates. However, brain studies addressing suicidal vulnerability have been more focused on demonstrating impairments in cortical structures than in the subcortical structures. Using local shape volumes (LSV) analysis, we investigated subcortical structures with their clinical correlates in depressed patients who attempted suicide. Then we compared them with depressed patients without a suicidal history and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HCs; i.e., 47 suicide attempters with depression, 47 non‐suicide attempters with depression, and 109 HCs). Significant volumetric differences were found between suicidal and nonsuicidal depressed patients in several vertices: 16 in the left amygdala; 201 in the left hippocampus; 1,057 in the left putamen; and 140 in the left pallidum; 1 in the right pallidum; and 6 in the bilateral thalamus. These findings indicated subcortical alterations in LSV in components of the limbic–cortical–striatal–pallidal–thalamic circuits. Moreover, our results demonstrated that the basal ganglia was correlated with perceived stress levels, and the thalamus was correlated with suicidal ideation. We suggest that suicidality in major depressive disorder may involve subcortical volume alterations.
Identifying resting‐state effective connectivity abnormalities in drug‐naïve major depressive disorder diagnosis via graph convolutional networks
Authors: Jun Eunji , Na Kyoung‐Sae , Kang Wooyoung , Lee Jiyeon , Suk Heung‐Il , Ham Byung‐Joo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability; its symptoms interfere with social, occupational, interpersonal, and academic functioning. However, the diagnosis of MDD is still made by phenomenological approach. The advent of neuroimaging techniques allowed numerous studies to use resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) and estimate functional connectivity for brain‐disease identification. Recently, attempts have been made to investigate effective connectivity (EC) that represents causal relations among regions of interest. In the meantime, to identify meaningful phenotypes for clinical diagnosis, graph‐based approaches such as graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have been leveraged recently to explore complex pairwise similarities in imaging/nonimaging features among subjects. In this study, we validate the use of EC for MDD identification by estimating its measures via a group sparse representation along with a structured equation modeling approach in a whole‐brain data‐driven manner from rs‐fMRI. To distinguish drug‐naïve MDD patients from healthy controls, we utilize spectral GCNs based on a population graph to successfully integrate EC and nonimaging phenotypic information. Furthermore, we devise a novel sensitivity analysis method to investigate the discriminant connections for MDD identification in our trained GCNs. Our experimental results validated the effectiveness of our method in various scenarios, and we identified altered connectivities associated with the diagnosis of MDD.
Phonological and surface dyslexia in individuals with brain tumors: Performance pre‐, intra‐, immediately post‐surgery and at follow‐up
Authors: Tomasino Barbara , Ius Tamara , Skrap Miran , Luzzatti Claudio 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe address existing controversies regarding neuroanatomical substrates of reading‐aloud processes according to the dual‐route processing models, in this particular instance in a series of 49 individuals with brain tumors who performed several reading tasks of real‐time neuropsychological testing during surgery (low‐ to high‐grade cerebral neoplasms involving the left hemisphere). We explored how reading abilities in individuals with brain tumors evolve during and after surgery for a brain tumor, and we studied the reading performance in a sample of 33 individuals in a 4‐month follow‐up after surgery. Impaired reading performance was seen pre‐surgery in 7 individuals with brain tumors, intra‐surgery in 18 individuals, at immediate post‐surgery testing in 26 individuals, and at follow‐up in 5 individuals. We classified their reading disorders according to operational criteria for either phonological or surface dyslexia. Neuroimaging results are discussed within the theoretical framework of the dual‐route model of reading. Lesion‐mask subtraction analyses revealed that areas selectively related with phonological dyslexia were located—along with the left hemisphere dorsal stream—in the Rolandic operculum, the inferior frontal gyrus, the precentral gyrus, the supramarginal gyrus, the insula (and/or the underlying external capsule), and parts of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, whereas lesions related to surface dyslexia involved the ventral stream, that is, the left middle and inferior temporal gyrus and parts of the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus.
Women's brain aging: Effects of sex‐hormone exposure, pregnancies, and genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: de Lange Ann‐Marie G. , Barth Claudia , Kaufmann Tobias , Maximov Ivan I. , van der Meer Dennis , Agartz Ingrid , Westlye Lars T. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractSex hormones such as estrogen fluctuate across the female lifespan, with high levels during reproductive years and natural decline during the transition to menopause. Women's exposure to estrogen may influence their heightened risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) relative to men, but little is known about how it affects normal brain aging. Recent findings from the UK Biobank demonstrate less apparent brain aging in women with a history of multiple childbirths, highlighting a potential link between sex‐hormone exposure and brain aging. We investigated endogenous and exogenous sex‐hormone exposure, genetic risk for AD, and neuroimaging‐derived biomarkers for brain aging in 16,854 middle to older‐aged women. The results showed that as opposed to parity, higher cumulative sex‐hormone exposure was associated with more evident brain aging, indicating that i) high levels of cumulative exposure to sex‐hormones may have adverse effects on the brain, and ii) beneficial effects of pregnancies on the female brain are not solely attributable to modulations in sex‐hormone exposure. In addition, for women using hormonal replacement therapy (HRT), starting treatment earlier was associated with less evident brain aging, but only in women with a genetic risk for AD. Genetic factors may thus contribute to how timing of HRT initiation influences women's brain aging trajectories.
A series of five population‐specific Indian brain templates and atlases spanning ages 6–60 years
Authors: Holla Bharath , Taylor Paul A. , Glen Daniel R. , Lee John A. , Vaidya Nilakshi , Mehta Urvakhsh Meherwan , Venkatasubramanian Ganesan , Pal Pramod Kumar , Saini Jitender , Rao Naren P. , Ahuja Chirag K. , Kuriyan Rebecca , Krishna Murali , Basu Debashish , Kalyanram Kartik , Chakrabarti Amit , Orfanos Dimitri Papadopoulos , Barker Gareth J. , Cox Robert W. , Schumann Gunter , Bharath Rose Dawn , Benegal Vivek 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAnatomical brain templates are commonly used as references in neurological MRI studies, for bringing data into a common space for group‐level statistics and coordinate reporting. Given the inherent variability in brain morphology across age and geography, it is important to have templates that are as representative as possible for both age and population. A representative‐template increases the accuracy of alignment, decreases distortions as well as potential biases in final coordinate reports. In this study, we developed and validated a new set of T1w Indian brain templates (IBT) from a large number of brain scans (total n = 466) acquired across different locations and multiple 3T MRI scanners in India. A new tool in AFNI, make_template_dask.py, was created to efficiently make five age‐specific IBTs (ages 6–60 years) as well as maximum probability map (MPM) atlases for each template; for each age‐group's template–atlas pair, there is both a “population‐average” and a “typical” version. Validation experiments on an independent Indian structural and functional‐MRI dataset show the appropriateness of IBTs for spatial normalization of Indian brains. The results indicate significant structural differences when comparing the IBTs and MNI template, with these differences being maximal along the Anterior–Posterior and Inferior–Superior axes, but minimal Left–Right. For each age‐group, the MPM brain atlases provide reasonably good representation of the native‐space volumes in the IBT space, except in a few regions with high intersubject variability. These findings provide evidence to support the use of age and population‐specific templates in human brain mapping studies.
Death by austerity? The impact of cost containment on avoidable mortality in Italy
Authors: Arcà Emanuele , Principe Francesco , Van Doorslaer Eddy 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDoes austerity in health care affect health and healthcare outcomes? We examine the intended and unintended effects of the Italian austerity policy Piano di Rientro aimed at containing the cost of the healthcare sector. Using an instrumental variable strategy that exploits the temporal and geographical variation induced by the policy rollout, we find that the policy was successful in alleviating deficits by reducing expenditure, mainly in the southern regions, but also resulted in a 3% rise in avoidable deaths among both men and women, a reduction in hospital capacity and a rise in south‐to‐north patient migration. These findings suggest that—even in a high‐income country with relatively low avoidable mortality like Italy—spending cuts can hurt survival.
The long‐run effects of noncommunicable disease shocks
Authors: Pan Tianxin , Palmer Michael , Mahal Ajay , Annear Peter , McPake Barbara 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe health shocks literature typically does not take into account the temporal patterns of loss since the time of the shock. This limits understanding of the long‐run impact of health shocks and the capacity of individuals to cope over time. This study estimates the dynamic effects of a noncommunicable disease shock on the economic well‐being of working‐age individuals in China up to 6 years after onset. We find that after a period of temporal loss, individuals and their families can insure consumption against the average noncommunicable disease shock over the long‐run. We observe significant heterogeneity according to the persistence of the disease, value of household wealth, and health insurance status. Individuals with consistent onset, with below median wealth, and without health insurance are least equipped to smooth consumption over the long‐term.