bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of pre-farrowing hygiene routine (sub-standard vs. optimal) and creep feeding regime (dry pelleted starter diet vs. liquid mixture of milk replacer and starter diet) on post-weaning intestinal parameters and growth to slaughter in pigs
Authors: Vasa Shiv R , Gardiner Gillian E , Cormican Paul , O’Driscoll Keelin , Bee Giuseppe , Lawlor Peadar G 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effect of providing a dry pelleted starter diet (DPS) or a liquid mixture of milk replacer and starter diet (LMR + S) to suckling pigs housed in farrowing pens of sub-standard or optimal hygiene conditions on pig growth to slaughter, and post-weaning (PW) intestinal parameters. On day (d) 107 of gestation, 87 sows were randomly allocated to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The factors were creep feeding (DPS or LMR + S) and pre-farrowing hygiene routine (SUB-STANDARD or OPTIMAL). Pigs were provided with DPS (manually) from d 11 to weaning (at d 28 ± 1.2 of age) or LMR + S using an automatic liquid feeding system from d 4 to weaning. The SUB-STANDARD hygiene routine (pens washed and dried for ~18 h, sows not washed or disinfected) and the OPTIMAL hygiene routine (pens pre-soaked, detergent applied, washed, dried for 3 days, chlorocresol-based disinfectant applied, dried for 3 more days, and sows washed and disinfected with Virkon) were used to obtain SUB-STANDARD or OPTIMAL hygiene conditions, respectively, in farrowing rooms prior to entry of sows. Microbiome analysis was performed on fecal samples from eight focal pigs per treatment, before weaning and at d 21 and d 114 PW. On d 4 PW, 10 pigs per treatment were euthanized to collect intestinal tissue and digesta samples for histological, enzyme activity, and microbiome analysis. Feeding LMR + S to pigs born into the OPTIMAL hygiene increased total dry matter intake compared to all of the other groups (P ≤ 0.05) and increased weaning weight compared to DPS feeding under both OPTIMAL and SUB-STANDARD hygiene conditions (P ≤ 0.05). Pigs from OPTIMAL farrowing pens had lower clinical cases of disease, diarrhea prevalence, and were slaughtered 3.8 days earlier than those from SUB-STANDARD farrowing pens (P ≤ 0.05). Suckling piglet mortality was reduced with LMR + S (P ≤ 0.05). On d 4 PW, jejunal and ileal villus height were increased by OPTIMAL hygiene and ileal sucrase activity was increased by LMR + S (P ≤ 0.05). On d 4 PW, LMR + S-fed pigs from OPTIMAL farrowing pens had a lower relative abundance of Clostridium_P in the jejunum. In conclusion, the OPTIMAL hygiene routine increased pre-weaning LMR + S feed intake, reduced clinical cases of disease, improved intestinal structure, and reduced the weaning to slaughter duration, while LMR + S feeding increased weaning weight, intestinal maturity, and reduced pre-weaning mortality.
Streaming giants and the global shift: building value chains and remapping trade flows
Authors: Chalaby Jean K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article analyses the global dominance of three U.S.-based platforms (Amazon Prime Video, Disney+, and Netflix) on the streaming market. It investigates their reconfiguring of the TV industry around a global value chain, akin to other highly globalized industries, and characterized by the presence of a few lead firms operating in multiple markets and leveraging hundreds of suppliers worldwide. These streaming platforms benefit from transnational network effects and the coordination of supply chains on a global scale. By building large content libraries and accumulating foreign assets, they are transforming international trade flows in the process. Since 2020, the United States imports more audiovisual services, including movies and television programming, than it exports. This research demonstrates how the impact of these platforms is positive on local creative ecosystems, despite power asymmetries at play, and negative on local broadcasters.
Arthrosurface of the humeral head with the OVO surface replacement endoprosthesis
Authors: Wrotniak Maciej , Polczak Łukasz , Skowron Łukasz , Rydel Piotr , Urbanek Adrian , Kostuj Marcin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The case report concerns a 67-year-old man who suffered an accident on a motorcycle, as a result of which he suffered a dented fracture of the right humeral head. After physical examination and imaging diagnostics, he was qualified for surgical treatment—arthrosurface of the patient’s humeral head with the OVO surface replacement endoprosthesis. Right after the patient’s surgical treatment, a period of 16-week rehabilitation was implemented, which, as a result, enabled the patient to achieve a full range of shoulder mobility, and the patient was able to return to all activities before the injury.
Development and evaluation of Amikacin-loaded carbopol hydrogel for topical treatment of Mycobacterium marinum skin infections
Authors: Francis Praise Mary , Vinod Vivek , Kumar V Anil , Mohan C Gopi , Biswas Raja 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Mycobacterium marinum is a slow growing Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria known to cause skin and subcutaneous tissue infections known as “fish tank granuloma” in humans. Treatment of M. marinum skin infections can last for several months or even years. Intravenous or intramuscular administration of Amikacin, a bactericidal inhibitor, in a multidrug regimen is a good therapeutic option in treating M. marinum infections. No topical hydrogels are currently available to treat M. marinum skin infections. We developed a 2.5% amikacin-loaded carbopol hydrogel containing the permeation enhancers 1% Tween-80 and 1% PEG (AMK-CPTP) for topical application to treat M. marinum skin infections. A molecular docking study of carbopol–Amikacin interaction predicted a stable structure and was confirmed with rheological characterization. The developed gel was found to be non-hemolytic, cytocompatible, and non-irritant. Sustained release of Amikacin from the AMK-CPTP hydrogel was observed, with a release of 60% Amikacin after 48 h. The antibacterial activity and skin permeability of amikacin released from AMK-CPTP were assessed using both in vitro and ex vivo assays. Overall. AMK-CPTP demonstrated anti-microbial activity against M. marinum with a 35% increase in skin permeation on the addition of Tween-80 and PEG. AMK-CPTP could be used to treat M. marinum skin infections.
Detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater using a mobile laboratory setting
Authors: Mathur Shubham , Salah Ikram , Msarwa Haneen , Craddock Hillary A , Moran-Gilad Jacob 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study evaluated a point-of-care device for wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) of SARS-CoV-2 circulation. WBE is a critical tool but faces challenges such as laboratory infrastructure, sample transport, skilled personnel, and time-consuming methods. Currently, a rapid, portable solution for wastewater surveillance is lacking. From June to September 2022, the performance of the GeneXpert instrument was compared with an established in-house method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in 151 wastewater samples across laboratory, field, and mobile testing environments. In the laboratory setting, GeneXpert showed 100% agreement in detection, with 94.6% of positive samples displaying a viral load difference of ± 1 log compared to the in-house method. Field testing demonstrated 90% agreement, with 92.6% of GeneXpert-positive samples showing similar log differences. In mobile testing, GeneXpert detected 62.5% of samples, and testing faced technical issues. Overall, GeneXpert displayed a limit of detection of 12 cpml−1 with results available in under an hour, making it a promising tool for rapid and deployable wastewater testing. This requires further validation while addressing technical challenges related to field and mobile settings.
Sense of Coherence and Past and/or Present Mental Health Problems Among Conscripts at Military Call-up in Northern Finland
Authors: Sirkiä Carlos , Koivumaa-Honkanen Heli , Parkkola Kai , Hurtig Tuula 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sense of coherence (SOC) refers to the psychosocial aspects and origins of health. Sense of coherence is related to physical and psychological health and quality of life. Military studies on SOC are commonly related to military deployment or operations, military training, and military fitness. Sense of coherence is assessed using a self-report scale. The total score of the scale indicates the level of SOC. Psychometric research studies over 2 past decades, however, suggest that the SOC scale is a multidimensional measure, and the latent factors should be considered as separate dimensions of SOC. Thus far, there are no previous factorial structure studies of the SOC scale in military contexts or in military populations. The dimensions of SOC have not been investigated in relation to mental health and subjective well-being of soldiers, military personnel, or military recruits/conscripts.

Materials and Methods
This study examined the structure of the self-report SOC scale among 2614 military conscripts at military call-up (before obligatory military service) in Northern Finland. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test 4 different structure models based on previous studies of the SOC scale (1-, 2-, or 3-factor models). The dimensions of SOC were investigated in relation to conscripts’ self-reported past and/or present mental health problems. Demographic variables were explored. Nonparametric tests for group and pairwise analyses were used.

Results
The 11-item 2-factor model fitted the data best. The 2-factor structure represented the cognitive behavioral (comprehensibility and manageability) and motivational (meaningfulness) dimensions of SOC. The motivational dimension was higher among conscripts who reported past but no present mental health problems as compared to conscripts who reported past and present mental health problems. A similar difference was not found in the cognitive behavioral dimension. Both cognitive behavioral and motivational dimensions of SOC were higher among conscripts who reported not having past or present mental health problems.

Conclusions
SOC among conscripts is a 2-dimensional model. The experience of recovery from past mental health problems is related to a stronger motivational dimension (meaningfulness towards life), which shows upon obligatory military service and training. Sense of coherence motivational aspect may be useful when training recruits. Demographic variables, such as economic situation, family structure, and parents’ employment, should be considered when assessing past and/or present mental health problems and SOC.
Inferring Long-Term and Short-Term Determinants of Genetic Diversity in Honey Bees: Beekeeping Impact and Conservation Strategies
Authors: Leroy Thibault , Faux Pierre , Basso Benjamin , Eynard Sonia , Wragg David , Vignal Alain 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Bees are vital pollinators in natural and agricultural landscapes around the globe, playing a key role in maintaining flowering plant biodiversity and ensuring food security. Among the honey bee species, the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) is particularly significant, not only for its extensive crop pollination services but also for producing economically valuable products such as honey. Here, we analyzed whole-genome sequence data from four Apis species to explore how honey bee evolution has shaped current diversity patterns. Using Approximate Bayesian Computation, we first reconstructed the demographic history of A. mellifera in Europe, finding support for postglacial secondary contacts, therefore predating human-mediated transfers linked to modern beekeeping. However, our analysis of recent demographic changes reveals significant bottlenecks due to beekeeping practices, which have notably affected genetic diversity. Black honey bee populations from conservatories, particularly those on islands, exhibit considerable genetic loss, highlighting the need to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of current conservation strategies. Additionally, we observed a high degree of conservation in the genomic landscapes of nucleotide diversity across the four species, despite a divergence gradient spanning over 15 million years, consistent with a long-term conservation of the recombination landscapes. Taken together, our results provide the most comprehensive assessment of diversity patterns in honey bees to date and offer insights into the optimal management of resources to ensure the long-term persistence of honey bees and their invaluable pollination services.
Local chemical heterogeneity enabled superior zero thermal expansion in nonstoichiometric pyrochlore magnets
Authors: Sun Yanming , Yu Ruohan , Khmelevskyi Sergii , Kato Kenichi , Cao Yili , Hu Shixin , Avdeev Maxim , Wang Chin-Wei , Yu Chengyi , Li Qiang , Lin Kun , Kuang Xiaojun , Xing Xianran 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
The design of zero thermal expansion (ZTE) materials is urgently required as dimension-stable components in widespread modern high-precision technologies. Local chemical order has been of great importance in engineering advanced inorganic materials, but its role in optimizing the ZTE is often overlooked. Herein, we propose local composition heterogeneity for developing superior ZTE via a nonstoichiometric strategy. A remarkably low coefficient of thermal expansion of αa = +1.07 × 10−6 K−1 is achieved from 3 to 440 K in a quaternary Zr-Nb-Fe-Co pyrochlore magnet, which is the widest temperature range among known cubic ZTE metals. High-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction and magnetization measurements reveal that all the Bragg peaks split as resulting from two cubic phases with different magnetic orders. Scanning transmission electron microscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and theoretical calculations indicate that such phase separation intimately derives from excess Co dopant preferentially clustering on the Fe pyrochlore-lattice (16d) and simultaneously yielding an antisite Fe on Zr/Nb sublattice (8a). The Co content in pyrochlore-lattice has weaker exchange interactions than that of Fe, but the antisite Fe introduces extra positive exchange interactions between 8a and 16d sites. Local composition fluctuation of Co and Fe thus affects the interplanar ferromagnetic order of pyrochlore-lattice and balances the normal phonon effect successively on heating. Superior corrosion resistance to both acid and alkaline conditions merits potential applications of the present ZTE metal.
Small mammals in a biodiversity hotspot harbor viruses of emergence risk
Authors: Feng Yun , Kuang Guopeng , Pan Yuanfei , Wang Jing , Yang Weihong , Wu Wei-chen , Pan Hong , Wang Juan , Han Xi , Yang Lifen , Xin Gen-yang , Shan Yong-tao , yu Gou Qin- , Liu Xue , Guo Deyin , Liang Guodong , Holmes Edward C , Gao Zihou , Shi Mang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Metagenomic sequencing has transformed the understanding of viral diversity in wildlife and the potential threats these viruses pose to human health. Despite this progress, such sequencing studies often have lacked systematic and ecologically informed sampling, thereby likely missing many potential human pathogens and the drivers behind their ecology, evolution and emergence. We conducted an extensive search for viruses in the lungs, spleens, and guts of 1,688 mammals from 38 species across 428 sites in Yunnan Province, China—a hotspot for zoonoses emergence. We identified 162 mammalian viruses, including 102 new ones and 24 posing potential risks to humans due to their relationships with known human pathogens associated with serious diseases or their ability to cross major host species barriers. Our findings offer an in-depth view of virus organotropism, cross-host associations, host sharing patterns, and the ecological factors influencing viral evolution, all of which are critical for anticipating and mitigating future zoonotic outbreaks.
Right-Wing Extremism in Capitalism: Adorno’s Sociological Project
Authors: Benzer Matthias , Krause Juljan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter engages with a range of Theodor W. Adorno’s contributions to sociology to draw attention to his reflections on the key components of sociological research. It highlights his advocacy of empirical investigations, his warnings of the limitations of empirical research, his corresponding insistence—in opposition to strict empiricism and positivism—on the interpretation of particular phenomena in relation to the social whole, and his development of a concept of society with reference to the writings of Max Weber, Émile Durkheim, Karl Marx, and Auguste Comte. The chapter then proceeds to discuss Adorno’s sociological examinations of racism, elements of fascist thought, and right-wing extremism in capitalism, which were shaped by his encounter with Karl Mannheim’s sociology. Adorno argues that the problems at the center of these examinations thrive in the social conditions of capitalism. Simultaneously, he warns that although those phenomena can aid the preservation of the capitalist order, they also pose a threat to it and possibly to the human species per se. The chapter follows Adorno’s inquiries in this area to illustrate the major components that he ascribes to sociology. Adorno’s sociological endeavors have retained their ability to animate and offer direction to sociological work in the present-day.
Industry Emergence Between Technology and Zeitgeist
Authors: Tumasjan Andranik 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the dynamics of industry emergence using the case of the blockchain and crypto (BC) industry. The BC industry is a rapidly developing field that has—in less than a decade—transformed from initially being a volunteer project of a small group of cypherpunks to a global industry with a plethora of actors involving vivid entrepreneurial and corporate activity. Importantly, the review of the extant literature and evidence reveals that ideological driving forces, which have been neglected in prior industry emergence research, constitute a major catalyst of this rapid industry development. In this vein, the chapter shows that the ideological notion of ‘decentralization’ has strongly contributed to the BC industry’s rapid growth by matching the zeitgeist in times of financial crises with increasing centralization by large digital platforms.
Global Climate Realism in Blue Modern Europe
Authors: Barcz Anna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the concept of global climate realism through the lens of river flood narratives. It begins by situating realism within the environmental humanities and briefly examining its global cultural context. The chapter then investigates the specific, “weird” form of climate realism that can be found in river flood narratives across different regions of the world, with a focus on how narratives of modern European river floods contribute to the broader global history of climate realism. Central to this discussion is an analysis of the river flood narrative in the novella The Willows (1907) by English writer Algernon Blackwood, a text that vividly portrays the Danube River as a monstrous, animated being. This portrayal challenges traditional anthropocentric perspectives and introduces a unique form of blue climate realism that lacks significant parallels in modern European culture. The methodological approach involves close reading and interpretation through using animistic categories and discussing the poetics of monstrous rivers. As a result, the case study of The Willows has broader implications for understanding how climate realism, as reflected in river flood narratives, contributes to our comprehension of blue global climate change. This chapter offers insights for both literary studies and environmental humanities. In sum, this chapter situates the Danube’s monstrous narrative within a global context, enhancing the discussion of global climate realism beyond the Eurocentric constraints of modern knowledge.
Body and Soul in Italian Romanticism
Authors: Luzzi Joseph 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the dialogue between the principles of Christianity and political economy in Alessandro Manzoni’s writing, especially I promessi sposi (The Betrothed), which was first published in 1827 and is often called Italy’s first “modern” novel. After tracing Manzoni’s relation to the origins of Italian political economy in the Enlightenment, the chapter explores his ideas on the relation between Christianity and political economy in “Lettera sul romanticismo” (“Letter on Romanticism,” written in 1823, published in 1846), a philosophical inquiry into the nature of the Romantic movement. The essay then shows how this infusion of religion into economic thought in the “Letter on Romanticism” also shapes Manzoni’s representation of economic inequality and class division in The Betrothed. An overall goal of the essay is to connect Manzoni’s unusual views on political economy to the exceptional nature of Italian Romanticism itself, a movement that was widely known in Italy because of the heated literary polemics that surrounded it, yet which failed to have a significant impact on broader European culture. This anomalous nature of Italian Romanticism is discussed in the context of its open rejection by two authors who, along with Manzoni, are considered to be the greatest in early-nineteenth-century Italian literature: Ugo Foscolo and Giacomo Leopardi.
Emotions in Migration Studies
Authors: Pace Michelle 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The migration experience often necessitates analysis of host societies’ immigration policies. This frequently leads to a focus on this experience’s legal, political, economic, and social aspects. Yet, more recently, the field of emotions and migration has brought into social research the role that emotions play in the entangled relations between actors involved along the way. Inspired by these extant debates on “emotions on the move,” this chapter highlights the ways in which the prism of emotions can shed light on how migrants themselves emotionally process and make sense of what is happening to them along their migratory route. It showcases the relevance of emotions in migration studies through a nuanced analysis of conceptual and methodological approaches in this field. Empirically, it draws upon the case of Denmark to elucidate the role emotions play in the country’s migration regime. It concludes by summing up this state of the art as well as limitations therein.
States-As-Groups and State Emotions
Authors: Sasley Brent E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Emotions and affects are not just individual experiences. When similar emotions and affects occur across many individuals who are connected through social interaction, those individual-based emotions become social emotions, even across large social groups such as states, allowing us to theorize about state emotions. Emotions research in international relations (IR) has adopted one of three approaches to explain state emotions. States can be studied as a single, unitary “person”; they can be studied through an analysis of their leaders; or they can be studied as a social group. This chapter adopts the third approach. Drawing on social psychology, it uses intergroup emotions theory (IET) to explore the development of state emotions. It adapts IET to the IR context and provides an illustrative case study, Israel.