bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The covid-19 Crisis and Religious Freedom
Authors: Berkmann Burkhard J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The article provides an overview of anti-covid-19 measures in Germany, especially in Bavaria. Public worship services were banned for seven weeks, but have been permitted again since the 4th of May, 2020, under safeguards. By comparing state law and Catholic canon law, the article investigates whether church norms merely “react” to state norms or are independent of them. Do they correspond to them or even go beyond them in their content? The article also examines whether state orders violate religious freedom. To this end, the relevant case law in Germany is analyzed. Since church and state have coordinated their actions, believers find it more difficult to exercise religious freedom.
Vulgar Pleasures
Authors: Stanton Anna Ziajka 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This essay examines Richard Francis Burton’s The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night (1885–1888), an English translation of the Arabic Alf Laylah wa-Laylah stories that was enormously popular in its own time and continues to be widely admired today – despite the fact that Burton plagiarized extensively from the work of another translator. I argue that Burton’s Nights is neither a faithful nor an original translation of the Arabic stories, but rather an English text whose aesthetic enjoyment is proffered as an affective engagement with the literary aesthetics of the source text, translated through Burton’s own pleasurable experiences of Arabic literary language. Framing the reception of Burton’s Nights, through the Arabic concept of ṭarab, as a process of iterative cycles of pleasure that move between the translator and his readers, I contend that what makes Burton’s Nights enjoyable to read also makes it scandalous to the world literary system within which it has circulated.
Decadal Variability in the Impact of Atmospheric Circulation Patterns on the Winter Climate of Northern Russia
Authors: Marshall Gareth J. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe Arctic continues to warm at a much faster rate than the global average. One process contributing to “Arctic amplification” involves changes in low-frequency macroscale atmospheric circulation patterns and their consequent influence on regional climate. Here, using ERA5 data, we examine decadal changes in the impact of seven such patterns on winter near-surface temperature (SAT) and precipitation (PPN) in northern Russia and calculate the temporal consistency of any statistically significant relationships. We demonstrate that the 40-yr climatology hides considerable decadal variability in the spatial extent of such circulation pattern–climate relationships across the region, with few areas where their temporal consistency exceeds 60%. This is primarily a response to the pronounced decadal expansion/contraction and/or mobility of the circulation patterns’ centers of action. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is the dominant pattern (having the highest temporal consistency) affecting SAT west of the Urals. Farther east, the Scandinavian (SCA), Polar/Eurasian (POL), and West Pacific patterns are successively the dominant pattern influencing SAT across the West Siberian Plains, Central Siberian Plateau, and mountains of Far East Siberia, respectively. From west to east, the SCA, POL, and Pacific–North American patterns exert the most consistent decadal influence on PPN. The only temporally invariant significant decadal relationships occur between the NAO and SAT and the SCA and PPN in small areas of the North European Plain.
Isolated pancreatic and peripancreatic nodal tuberculosis: A single-centre experience
Authors: Ray Sukanta , Das Kshaunish , Ghosh Ranajoy 
Published: October 2020

Isolated pancreatic and peripancreatic nodal tuberculosis may mimic pancreatic malignancy and may result in unnecessary surgery. Being a treatable disease, it is desirable to diagnose this condition without a laparotomy. Pancreatic tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a peripancreatic mass if the patient is young, residing in endemic tuberculosis regions, or has had a history of tuberculosis. We report our experience with pancreatic tuberculosis. Over a period of 12 years, we have managed 16 such patients, of whom 10 were diagnosed preoperatively. In six, the diagnosis was only made after extensive surgery. All 16 patients received antitubercular drugs and were well at a median follow-up of 52 months. Although pancreatic tuberculosis can be diagnosed by modern image-guided biopsy in a fair number of patients, if a high index of suspicion is maintained, a laparotomy may still be unavoidable in a subset of patients.
The management of venous leg ulceration post the EVRA (early venous reflux ablation) ulcer trial: Management of venous ulceration post EVRA
Authors: Salim Safa , Heatley Francine , Bolton Layla , Khatri Amulya , Onida Sarah , Davies Alun H 
Published: October 2020

Objectives This survey study evaluates current management strategies for venous ulceration and the impacts of the EVRA trial results. Methods An online survey was disseminated to approximately 15000 clinicians, through 12 vascular societies in 2018. Survey themes included: referral times, treatment times and strategies, knowledge of the EVRA trial and service barriers to managing venous ulceration. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS. Results 664 responses were received from 78 countries. Respondents were predominantly European (55%) and North American (23%) vascular surgeons (74%). Responses varied between different countries. The median vascular clinic referral time was 6 weeks and time to be seen in clinic was 2 weeks. This was significantly higher in the UK (p ≤ 0.02). 77% of respondents performed surgical/endovenous interventions prior to ulcer healing, the median time to intervention was 4 weeks. 31% of participants changed their practice following EVRA. Frequently encountered barriers to implementing change were a lack of operating space/time (18%). Conclusion Venous ulcers are not managed as quickly as they should be. An evaluation of local resource requirements should be performed to improve service provision for venous ulceration. When interpreting the results of this survey consideration should be given to the response rate.
Zur Eignung einer qualitativen Methodik für die Rekonstruktion von Bewältigungsstrategien und -prozessen
Authors: Frank Hermann , Korunka Christian 
Published: October 2020

Führungskräfte sind mit heterogenen Fach- und Führungsanforderungen konfrontiert. Die erfolgreiche Bewältigung der daraus resultierenden Belastungen ist eine wesentliche Führungseigenschaft. Die Bewältigungsforschung geht von einer bidirektionalen Ursache/Wirkungsbeziehung zwischen Person und Situation aus. Als Bewältigungsformen gelten “Informationssuche”, “direkte Aktion”, “Aktionsaufschub” und “intrapsychische Verarbeitungsmechanismen”. Im Zusammenhang mit der Bewältigungsforschung steht das Konzept der sozialen Unterstützung. Unterstützungsdefizite wirken als Stressoren, ein hohes Maß an sozialer Untzerstützung wirkt als “Puffer”. Die Autoren beschreiben und analysieren Bewältigungsstrategien und -prozesse von Führungskräften. Einer häufig erhobenen Forderung entsprechend wird ein qualitatives, exploratives Untersuchungsdesign angewendet. Die ausführliche Darstellung und Reflexion der damit gemachten Erfahrungen bilden ein weiteres Untersuchungsziel.
Downregulation of the ubiquitin ligase KBTBD8 prevented epithelial ovarian cancer progression
Authors: Du Lei , Li Cong-Rong , He Qi-Feng , Li Xiao-Hua , Yang Lin-Fei , Zou Yuan , Yang Zhi-Xia , Zhang Dong , Xing Xiao-Wei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Kelch repeat and BTB domain-containing protein 8, KBTBD8, has been identified as a female fertility factor. However, there have been no reports on the role of KBTBD8 in the progression of epithelial ovarian cancer, EOC. Our study aimed to address this issue.

Methods
We first examine KBTBD8 expression in EOC tissues and cells. Next, we performed RNA sequencing to reveal the overall mechanism. Then we investigated the roles of KBTBD8 in the proliferation, migration, and health status of cultured EOC cells. Finally, we employed tumor xenograft models to evaluate the role of KBTBD8 in vivo.

Results
First, KBTBD8 level was significantly higher in EOC tissues and cells. Next, comparative RNA sequencing identified more tumorigenesis-related genes that KBTBD8 might regulate. Then we found that KBTBD8 knockdown significantly decreased EOC cell proliferation, migration, and the activities of multiple tumorigenesis-related kinases. Finally, KBTBD8 knockdown significantly diminished ovarian tumor formation in vivo.

Conclusion
Proper KBTBD8 level is essential for the healthy growth of ovarian somatic cells, such as ovarian epithelial cells. Excessive KBTBD8 might be a significant impetus for EOC progression. KBTBD8 reduction greatly inhibits EOC proliferation and migration.
Intravascular Endothelin-1 does not trigger or increase susceptibility to Spreading Depolarizations
Authors: Sugimoto Kazutaka , Morais Andreia , Sadeghian Homa , Qin Tao , Chung David Y. , Ashina Messoud , Hougaard Anders , Ayata Cenk 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Objectives
Spreading depolarizations (SD) likely manifest as aura in migraineurs. Triggers are unknown although vascular events have been implicated. Direct carotid puncture has been reported to trigger migraine with aura. The potent vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (ET-1), which can be released from the endothelium under pathological conditions, may play a role. Here, we tested whether intracarotid ET-1 infusion triggers SD and whether systemic ET-1 infusion increases the susceptibility to SD.

Methods
Carotid infusions were performed in mice (C57BL/6, male) through a catheter placed at the carotid bifurcation via the external carotid artery. Intracarotid ET-1 (1.25 nmol/ml) was infused at various rates (2–16 μl/min) with or without heparin in the catheter and compared with vehicle infusion (PBS with 0.01% acetic acid) or sham-operated mice (n = 5). Systemic infusions ET-1 (1 nmol/kg, n = 7) or vehicle (n = 7) infusions were performed in rats (Sprague-Dawley, male) via the tail vein. Electrical SD threshold and KCl-induced SD frequency were measured after the infusion.

Results
Intracarotid infusion of saline (n = 19), vehicle (n = 7) or ET-1 (n = 12) all triggered SDs at various proportions (21%, 14% and 50%, respectively). These were often associated with severe hypoperfusion prior to SD onset. Heparinizing the infusion catheter completely prevented SD occurrence during the infusions (n = 8), implicating microembolization from carotid thrombi as the trigger. Sham-operated mice never developed SD. Systemic infusion of ET-1 did not affect the electrical SD threshold or KCl-induced SD frequency.

Conclusion
Intravascular ET-1 does not trigger or increase susceptibility to SD. Microembolization was the likely trigger for migraine auras in patients during carotid puncture.
Early response to heat stress in Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis): performance of different sexes, candidate genes and networks
Authors: Wang Qian , Hao Xiancai , Liu Kaiqiang , Feng Bo , Li Shuo , Zhang Zhihua , Tang Lili , Mahboob Shahid , Shao Changwei 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Temperature is known to affect living organisms and alter the expression of responsive genes, which affects a series of life processes, such as development, reproduction and metabolism. Several genes and gene families have been involved in high temperature responses, such as heat shock protein (hsp) family, Jumonji family and genes related to cortisol synthesis. Gonad is a vital organ related to the existence of a species. However, the comprehensive understanding of gonadal responses to environmental temperature is limited.

Results
To explore the effects of environmental temperature on genes and gene networks in gonads, we performed acute heat treatment (48 h) on Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Gonadal transcriptome analysis was conducted on females, pseudomales and males exposed to high (28 °C) and normal (22 °C) temperatures. A total of 1226.24 million clean reads were obtained from 18 libraries. Principal component analysis (PCA) and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis revealed different performance of sex responses to heat stress. There were 4565, 790 and 1117 specific genes altered their expression level in females, pseudomales and males, respectively. Of these, genes related to hsp gene family, cortisol synthesis and metabolism and epigenetic regulation were involved in early heat response. Furthermore, a total of 1048 DEGs were shared among females, pesudomales and males, which may represent the inherent difference between high and normal temperatures. Genes, such as eef1akmt3, eef1akmt4, pnmt and hsp family members, were found.

Conclusions
Our results depicted for the first time the gonadal gene expression under acute high temperature treatment in Chinese tongue sole. The findings may provide a clue for understanding the responses of genes and networks to environmental temperature.
Exogenous melatonin enhances salt secretion from salt glands by upregulating the expression of ion transporter and vesicle transport genes in Limonium bicolor
Authors: Li Junpeng , Yuan Fang , Liu Yanlu , Zhang Mingjing , Liu Yun , Zhao Yang , Wang Baoshan , Chen Min 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Salt, a common environmental stress factor, inhibits plant growth and reduces yields. Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule that regulates plant growth and can alleviate environmental stress in plants. All previous research on this topic has focused on the use of melatonin to improve the relatively low salt tolerance of glycophytes by promoting growth and enhancing antioxidant ability. It is unclear whether exogenous melatonin can increase the salt tolerance of halophytes, particularly recretohalophytes, by enhancing salt secretion from the salt glands.

Results
To examine the mechanisms of melatonin-mediated salt tolerance, we explored the effects of exogenous applications of melatonin on the secretion of salt from the salt glands of Limonium bicolor (a kind of recretohalophyte) seedlings and on the expression of associated genes. A pretreatment with 5 μM melatonin significantly improved the growth of L. bicolor seedlings under 300 mM NaCl. Furthermore, exogenous melatonin significantly increased the dry weight and endogenous melatonin content of L. bicolor. In addition, this treatment reduced the content of Na+ and Cl− in leaves, but increased the K+ content. Both the salt secretion rate of the salt glands and the expression level of genes encoding ion transporters (LbHTK1, LbSOS1, LbPMA, and LbNHX1) and vesicular transport proteins (LbVAMP721, LbVAP27, and LbVAMP12) were significantly increased by exogenous melatonin treatment. These results indicate that melatonin improves the salt tolerance of the recretohalophyte L. bicolor via the upregulation of salt secretion by the salt glands.

Conclusions
Our results showed that melatonin can upregulate the expression of genes encoding ion transporters and vesicle transport proteins to enhance salt secretion from the salt glands. Combining the results of the current study with previous research, we formulated a novel mechanism by which melatonin increases salt secretion in L. bicolor. Ions in mesophyll cells are transported to the salt glands through ion transporters located at the plasma membrane. After the ions enter the salt glands, they are transported to the collecting chamber adjacent to the secretory pore through vesicle transport and ions transporter and then are secreted from the secretory pore of salt glands, which maintain ionic homeostasis in the cells and alleviate NaCl-induced growth inhibition.
Efficacy of non-opioid analgesics to control postoperative pain: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Carter John A. , Black Libby K. , Sharma Dolly , Bhagnani Tarun , Jahr Jonathan S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
The aim of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous (IV) Meloxicam 30 mg (MIV), an investigational non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), and certain other IV non-opioid analgesics for moderate-severe acute postoperative pain.

Methods
We searched PubMed and CENTRAL for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) (years 2000–2019, adult human subjects) of IV non-opioid analgesics (IV NSAIDs or IV Acetaminophen) used to treat acute pain after abdominal, hysterectomy, bunionectomy or orthopedic procedures. A Bayesian NMA was conducted in R to rank treatments based on the standardized mean differences in sum of pain intensity difference from baseline up to 24 h postoperatively (sum of pain intensity difference: SPID 24). The probability and the cumulative probability of rank for each treatment were calculated, and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was applied to distinguish treatments on the basis of their outcomes such that higher SUCRA values indicate better outcomes. The study protocol was prospectively registered with by PROSPERO (CRD42019117360).

Results
Out of 2313 screened studies, 27 studies with 36 comparative observations were included, producing a treatment network that included the four non-opioid IV pain medications of interest (MIV, ketorolac, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen). MIV was associated with the largest SPID 24 for all procedure categories and comparators. The SUCRA ranking table indicated that MIV had the highest probability for the most effective treatment for abdominal (89.5%), bunionectomy (100%), and hysterectomy (99.8%). MIV was associated with significantly less MME utilization versus all comparators for abdominal procedures, hysterectomy, and versus acetaminophen in orthopedic procedures. Elsewhere MME utilization outcomes for MIV were largely equivalent or nominally better than other comparators. Odds of ORADEs were significantly higher for all comparators vs MIV for orthopedic (gastrointestinal) and hysterectomy (respiratory).

Conclusions
MIV 30 mg may provide better pain reduction with similar or better safety compared to other approved IV non-opioid analgesics. Caution is warranted in interpreting these results as all comparisons involving MIV were indirect.
Small intestinal mucosal injury and its risk factors in patients with gastrointestinal cancer who developed complicated fluoropyrimidine-induced diarrhea
Authors: Sakumura Miho , Ando Takayuki , Hosokawa Ayumu , Nakajima Takahiko , Motoo Iori , Mihara Hiroshi , Ueda Akira , Kajiura Shinya , Nanjo Sohachi , Fujinami Haruka , Ogawa Kohei , Yasuda Ichiro 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Diarrhea is a common adverse event of fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. However, limited data are available on the frequency and risk factors of complicated chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID) and small intestinal mucosal damage. In this current study, we aimed to determine the incidence of complicated CID and mucosal injury among patients with complicated CID receiving fluoropyrimidine via small bowel capsule endoscopy (CE) and determined baseline risk factors associated with complicated CID.

Methods
In total, 536 patients with advanced or recurrent gastrointestinal cancer who received fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. Diarrhea was evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4. Complicated CID was defined according to the American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines. To evaluate small intestinal mucosal injury in patients with complicated CID, CE was performed. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors for complicated CID.

Results
Total number of 32 (6%) patients developed complicated CID. Complicating symptoms were noted in 25 (78%) patients, with cramping, vomiting, and sepsis being observed in 15 (60%), 8 (32%), and 3 (12%) patients, respectively. Among the 13 patients who underwent CE, 11 (85%) showed abnormal findings. Multivariate analysis revealed that oral fluoropyrimidine administration was a risk factor for complicated CID (odds ratio 2.95; 95% confidence interval 1.06–8.19).

Conclusions
Despite the relatively low incidence of complicated CID, mucosal injury of small intestine was common in patients with complicated fluoropyrimidine-induced diarrhea and oral fluoropyrimidine was an independent risk factor.
Dropout from farm-based day care for people with dementia in Norway: a follow-up study
Authors: Ibsen T. L. , Kirkevold Ø. , Patil G. G. , Eriksen S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background
Farm-based day care services (FDCs) for people with dementia are intending to provide social relationships and meaningful activities in an agricultural landscape and offer respite for next of kin. As this requires a certain cognitive and physical functioning, it is of interest to investigate how this service contribute during the course of dementia. In this study we aim to explore the individual characteristics predicting dropout from FDC. Furthermore, we investigate whether the participants who drop out of the service continue to live at home with another day care service or if they move to a residential care facility.

Methods
The study includes 92 people with dementia attending FDCs in Norway, assessed with standardized instruments at baseline between January 2017 and January 2018. They were followed for 1 year, and dropouts from FDC during this period were mapped. The association between individual characteristics and dropout was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.

Results
Thirty-eight people stopped attending FDCs during the study. Twenty-six moved to residential care. Among the 12 who continued to live in their own homes, 9 people started in a regular day care service. Higher score on educational level and more severe dementia, as well as lower scores on social support, increased the probability of stopping FDC.

Conclusion
FDCs appeared as a service that is stable over time for most participants, as more than two-third could use the care facility until the need of residential care. The transfers within care services and levels of care seemed to be characterized by continuity. More research on the growing population of educated older adults with dementia are warranted, to facilitate for their course of care needs. Finally, extended knowledge is needed to improve the collaboration between private and public networks, such as day care services, to improve the experience of social support for people with dementia.