bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yield, persistence, forage nutritive value, and preference of perennial ryegrass under grazing
Authors: Catalano D. N. , Sheaffer C. C. , Wiering N. P. , Grev A. M. , Ehlke N. J. , Mousel E. , Martinson K. L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPerennial ryegrass (PR) is a quality and high yielding forage that tends to lack winter hardiness to persist in the upper Midwest. The objective was to evaluate yield, stand persistence, forage nutritive value, and preference of experimental populations of winter hardy PR grown in monoculture and in mixture with white clover under livestock grazing. Research was conducted in St. Paul and Grand Rapids, MN. Meadow fescue (MF), tall fescue (TF), orchardgrass (OG), a reference PR, and two experimental populations of PR were grazed every 32 days by either horses (St. Paul) or cow‐calf pairs (Grand Rapids). Prior to grazing, forage yield and quality samples were collected, and post‐grazing, fields were visually assessed for the percentage of forage removal to determine preference. Yields of all PR (6.9 to 7.6 Mg ha−1) were similar, but lower compared to other cool‐season grasses (CSG). Persistence was similar among all CSG in St. Paul; however, it was lower for all PR in Grand Rapids compared to other CSG. All PR were highly preferred by both horses (≥74% removal) and cattle (≥70% removal) and were consistently among the highest for crude protein (CP; 200 g kg−1), equine digestible energy (DE; 2.35 Mcal kg−1) and bovine metabolizable energy (ME; 2.6 Mcal kg−1), moderate for nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC; 136 g kg−1), and among the lowest for neutral detergent fiber (NDF; 518 g kg−1). Experimental populations of PR produced forage of high nutritive value, but yield and stand persistence may be less compared to other CSG at some locations.
Sotos syndrome in two children from India
Authors: Panigrahi Inusha , Chaudhry Chakshu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSotos syndrome is one of the overgrowth syndromes, and can present with intellectual disability, behavioral problems and tall stature. In some cases, seizures, pectus deformity, cardiac and renal anomalies may be identified. Here we report two Indian children with Sotos syndrome whose initial presentation was macrocephaly and behavioral problems, respectively. The pathogenic variants in NSD1 gene were confirmed by next generation sequencing. The gene variants in the two children, one male and one female; were NSD1: c.2362C>T and NSD1: c.5474dup, respectively, leading to premature termination of protein formation.
Delayed yielding of oil/water emulsions in presence of stabilizing biopolymer
Authors: El Asjadi Saida , Lakshminarayanan Vasudevan , Besseling Nicolaas A. M. , Picken Stephen J. , Mendes Eduardo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study investigates the stabilization of oil/water emulsions as a function of addition of a biopolymer (scleroglucan) which acts as an emulsion stabilizer. Rheological characterization in the form of controlled stress creep measurements has been carried out and it reveals the colloidal gel exhibiting a delayed yielding in a certain applied stress window. The delay time and stresses that an emulsion can withstand depend strongly on the concentration of added scleroglucan. Increasing polymer concentration, however, is limited to a maximum value, above which a limited effect on the delay time is observed. Investigating of the emulsion under study was visualized by means of cryo transmission electron microscopy which shows adsorption of scleroglucan onto the surface of the oil particles and a gel‐like structure that connects the oil phases. The results mentioned in this study support that scleroglucan‐surfactant interactions play a key role in the stabilization of the oil/water emulsion.
Development of an accurate model to predict the phenology of Atlantic salmon smolt spring migration
Authors: Teichert Nils , Benitez Jean‐Philippe , Dierckx Arnaud , Tétard Stéphane , de Oliveira Eric , Trancart Thomas , Feunteun Eric , Ovidio Michaël 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Changes in migration timing, resulting from the alteration in river continuity or the effect of climate change, can have major consequences on the population dynamics of diadromous fish. Forecasting the phenology of fish migration is thus critically important to implement management actions aimed at protecting fish during their migration.
In this study, an 11‐year monitoring survey of Atlantic salmon smolts (Salmo salar) from the Ourthe River, Belgium, was analysed within a European Special Area of Conservation to improve the understanding of environment‐induced spring migration. A logistic model was fitted to forecast smolt migration and to calculate phenological indicators for management, i.e. the onset, end, and duration of migration, while accounting for the influence of photoperiod, water temperature, and hydrological conditions.
The results indicated that the photo‐thermal units accumulated by smolts above a 7°C temperature threshold was a relevant proxy to reflect the synergistic effect between temperature and photoperiod on smolt migration. After integrating the effect of river flow pulses, the model accurately explained the inter‐annual changes in migration timing (R2 = 0.95). The model predictions provide decisive management information to identify sensitive periods during which mitigation measures (e.g. hydropower turbine shutdown, river discharge management) should be conducted to promote smolt survival.
The model was used to predict phenological characteristics under future scenarios of climate change. The results suggest a joint effect of hydrological alterations and water warming. Temperature increases of 1–4°C were associated with earlier initiation of migration, 6–51 days earlier, and spring flood events greatly influenced the duration of the migration period. Accordingly, the combined effects of human‐induced modifications of the hydrological regimes and increasing temperatures could result in a mismatch between the smolt and favourable survival conditions in the marine environment.
Parkin is the most common causative gene in a cohort of mainland Chinese patients with sporadic early‐onset Parkinson's disease
Authors: Jiang Yanyan , Yu Meng , Chen Jing , Zhou Hong , Sun Wei , Sun Yunchuang , Li Fan , Wei Luhua , Pinkhardt Elmar H. , Zhang Lin , Yuan Yun , Wang Zhaoxia 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionGenetic mutations associated with early‐onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) vary widely among different ethnicities. We detected the genes associated with EOPD in a Chinese cohort using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) combined with multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and analyzed the phenotypic characteristics of the mutation carriers.MethodsCohort of 23 sporadic EOPD patients (onset age ≤ 45 years) were recruited. Genetic causes were identified by a targeted NGS panel containing 136 known extrapyramidal disease‐causative genes. Multiplications or deletions of PD‐causing genes were detected using the MLPA method. Demographic and clinical data were obtained, analyzed, and compared between patients with and those without Parkin gene variants.ResultsWe identified 14 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (12 in Parkin, 1 in LRRK2, and 1 in VPS13C) in 10 patients (43.5%) and 8 rare variants of uncertain significance in 9 patients (39.1%). Parkin (34.8%) was the most common causative gene among our patients cohort, and exon deletion (62.5%) was the main type of variant. Patients with Parkin mutations had a younger age of onset, longer delay in diagnosis, slower disease progression, higher frequency of hyperreflexia, fatigue, and less hyposmia compared to patients without Parkin mutations.ConclusionOur results revealed a higher prevalence of Parkin mutations in Chinese sporadic EOPD patients, and notably, exon deletion was the most common type of mutation. EOPD patients with Parkin mutations showed unique clinical characteristics.
How circular is the circular economy? Analysing the implementation of circular economy in organisations
Authors: Barreiro‐Gen Maria , Lozano Rodrigo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCircular economy (CE) has become one of the most recent ways to address environmental sustainability. CE activities focus exclusively on one of three levels (macro level, meso level and micro level). The majority of CE research has focused on the macro and meso levels, whereas research on the micro level has been limited. This paper focuses on the latter by analysing how organisations have implemented the four Rs (reduction, repairing, remanufacturing and recycling). A survey was sent to a database of 5,299 contacts from different organisations, from whom 256 complete responses were obtained. The results show that organisations focus on reducing and recycling more than repairing and remanufacturing and in particular on internal CE efforts. Some organisations that engage with the 4Rs do not do it under the CE umbrella, whereas some that claim to apply CE have low levels of engagement with the 4Rs. The results indicate that organisations are using the 4Rs to contribute to CE, but not all of them are aware that they are applying CE principles. The paper highlights that organisations need to improve their 4Rs efforts to contribute more to CE by better linking its theory with practice. CE also has to be implemented outside the organisations, in a more holistic way, for example, through better collaboration with stakeholders on CE efforts and activities. This research stresses that the gap between CE theory and practice needs to be closed to make CE circular.
Tripartite motif containing 24 regulates cell proliferation in colorectal cancer through YAP signaling
Authors: Xie Wenlin , Zhang Yingqiang , Wang Bingyang , Hu Yuting , Zhan Bohui , Wei Fangqiang , Tang Jianming , Lian Jiayan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe protein, tripartite motif containing 24 (TRIM24) is a member of the TRIM protein family, and acts as a critical co‐regulator of multiple nuclear receptors. TRIM24 is dysregulated in many cancers, including colorectal carcinoma. However, its biological functions and molecular mechanisms with respect to colorectal carcinoma are still largely unknown. In the current study, we found that TRIM24 promotes YAP signaling for driving cell proliferation in colorectal cancer. TRIM24 was significantly upregulated in colorectal carcinoma, and its expression was negatively correlated with the survival of patients. Depletion of TRIM24 impaired the ability of the cancer cells to proliferate and form colonies. Furthermore, this study also revealed the mechanism underlying the recruitment of TRIM24 by the DANCR/KAT6A complex, which is bound to acetylated lysine 23 of histone H3 (H3K23), resulting in binding to the YAP promoter and activation of YAP transcription that ultimately enhances the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. Our results revealed a novel mechanism involving TRIM24‐YAP signaling for the regulation of colorectal cancer. We also identified TRIM24 as a potential therapeutic molecule for targeting colorectal cancer.
Mechanistic Insights for Aniline‐Catalyzed Halogenation Reactions
Authors: Qu Zheng‐Wang , Zhu Hui , Grimme Stefan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLewis base catalyzed electrophilic aromatic halogenation using N‐halosuccinimides (NsX; X=Cl, Br, I) under mild conditions has attracted much attention, but the detailed mechanism remains elusive. Using the aniline MesNH2 and anisole PhOMe as the typical base catalyst and aromatic substrate, respectively, a novel mechanism is revealed by extensive DFT calculations. The autogenic protonation of imine XMes=NH (via Mes=NH+ mediated dimerization of MesNH2) is crucial to initialize the electrophilic halonium X+ transfer to nucleophilic substrates. It is shown that the aniline MesNH2 and more basic imine XMes=NH may act as efficient halonium X+ and proton H+ shuttles, respectively, connected by the arenium XMesNH2+. Non‐coordinating MesNH3+ salts are suggested as efficient catalyst for electrophilic iodination. Without suitable stabilization of the highly basic anion Ns−, the generally accepted concept of Lewis base catalyst as simple X+ shuttle will never work efficiently due to a high thermodynamic barrier. In general, autogenic or additional acid additives should be used for more efficient Lewis base catalyzed halogenation.
Engineering Hierarchical‐Dimensional Co(OH)F into CoP Superstructure for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Shang Fanfan , Wan Shanhong , Gao Xueqing , Zhang Wei , Cao Rui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMulti‐dimensional materials can combine the advantages of fast mass diffusion of high dimensional structures and advanced intrinsic properties of low dimensional substructures. In specific, superstructures are widely prepared from assembling low dimensional materials into arrays by complicated methods. We recently proposed the concept of hierarchical‐dimensional material (HDM), in which superstructure is composed of low dimensional substructures from simple wet chemical method. Herein, we report the synthesis of a CoP HDM from the engineering of the hierarchical‐dimensional Co(OH)F precursor by successive phosphorization and acid etching. The resulting CoP superstructure is built by porous CoP rod substructure. The rods weave together to form 2D mesh plates and the 2D mesh plates stack together to form the 3D superstructure. Thus, a very interesting structure is generated with 0D, 1D, 2D and 3D features. The CoP material displayed outstanding electrocatalytic activity for both HER and OER in alkaline solutions. The overpotentials required to drive a HER and OER current density of 10 mA/cm2 were 94 mV and 295 mV, respectively. The superior performance is believed to be associated with the unique structure from phosphorus‐based engineering of nanostructure.
Conservation soybean production systems in the mid‐southern USA: II. Replacing subsoiling with cover crops
Authors: Bryant C.J. , Krutz L.J. , Reynolds D.B. , Locke M.A. , Golden B.R. , Irby T. , Steinriede R.W. , Spencer G.D. , Mills B.E. , Wood C.W. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe adoption of cover crop production systems is lagging in the mid‐southern United States due to concerns over yield stability and on‐farm profitability. This research was conducted to determine if the inclusion of a cover crop in conservation tillage systems improves yield, profitability, and water use efficiency. The effects of replacing subsoiling with a cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) or tillage radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. longipinnatus) cover crop on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yield, net returns above specified costs, and water use efficiency were evaluated in a conservation tillage system, that is, surface residue ≥30% at planting, on a Dubbs silt loam (Fine‐silty, mixed, active, thermic Typic Hapludalfs) from 2016 to 2018 near Stoneville, MS. Relative to the conservation tillage system with subsoiling, the replacement of subsoiling with a tillage radish cover crop reduced soybean grain yield, net returns above specified costs, and water use efficiency by up to 41% (P ≤ 0.0266). Conversely, the replacement of subsoiling with a cereal rye cover crop had no effect on soybean grain yield or water use efficiency but reduced net returns above specified costs by 28% (P ≤ .0266). In the mid‐southern United States, a cereal rye cover crop can maintain soybean grain yield and water use efficiency relative to the regional standard, but widespread adoption of this production system is unlikely due to reduced profitability associated with additional seed and planting costs.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective 1,3‐Dipolar [6+4] Cycloadditions of Tropone
Authors: Bertuzzi Giulio , McLeod David , Mohr Lisa‐Marie , Jørgensen Karl Anker 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA highly stereoselective 1,3‐dipolar [6+4] cycloaddition towards bridged azabicyclo[4.3.1]decane scaffolds has been developed, reacting aldehydes, 2‐aminomalonates and tropone under mild conditions in the presence of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst. The scope is demonstrated for a series of aldehydes and 2‐aminomalonates, and the reaction proceeds in high yields, >95:5 d.r. and up to 99 % ee. A series of transformations, as well as a mechanistic proposal, are presented.
Neurological symptom burden impacts survival prognosis in patients with newly diagnosed non–small cell lung cancer brain metastases
Authors: Steindl Ariane , Yadavalli Sarah , Gruber Katharina‐Anna , Seiwald Maria , Gatterbauer Brigitte , Dieckmann Karin , Frischer Josa M. , Klikovits Thomas , Zöchbauer‐Müller Sabine , Grisold Anna , Hoda Mir Ali Reza , Marosi Christine , Widhalm Georg , Preusser Matthias , Berghoff Anna Sophie 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundBrain metastases (BM) are a frequent complication of advanced cancer and are characterized by a variety of neurological symptoms. Although the presence of neurological symptoms is included in the response assessment in patients with primary brain tumors, to the authors' knowledge little is known regarding the prognostic impact of neurological symptoms in patients with BM.MethodsPatients with newly diagnosed BM from non–small cell lung cancer were identified from the Vienna Brain Metastasis Registry and were evaluated according to the incidence, distribution, and prognostic impact of neurological symptoms at the time of diagnosis of BM.ResultsA total of 1608 patients (57.3% male and 42.7% female; median age, 62 years) were available for further analyses. Neurological symptoms including focal deficits (985 patients; 61.3%), signs of increased intracranial pressure (483 patients; 30.0%), epileptic seizures (224 patients; 13.9%), and neuropsychological symptoms (233 patients; 14.5%) were documented in 1186 of the 1608 patients (73.8%). Patients with asymptomatic BM presented with a longer median overall survival after the diagnosis of BM compared with patients with symptomatic BM (11 months vs 7 months; P < .001). In multivariate analysis with a diagnosis‐specific graded prognostic assessment (hazard ratio, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.33‐1.50 [P < .001]), the presence of neurological symptoms (hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.23‐1.57 [P < .001]) was found to be independently associated with survival prognosis from the time of diagnosis of BM.ConclusionsNeurological symptoms at the time of BM diagnosis demonstrated a strong and independent association with survival prognosis. The results of the current study have highlighted the need for the integration of the presence of neurological symptoms into the prognostic assessment of patients with BM from non–small cell lung cancer.Lay Summary

Neurological symptom evaluation is included regularly in the assessment of patients with primary brain tumors. However, to the authors' knowledge, little is known regarding the prognostic impact in patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases (BM).

The current study has provided a detailed clinical characterization of the incidence, distribution, and prognostic impact of neurological symptoms in a large, real‐life cohort of patients with BM from non–small cell lung cancer.

In this cohort, neurological symptoms at the time of diagnosis of BM demonstrated a strong, independent prognostic impact on the survival prognosis.

The results of the current study have highlighted the need for the integration of neurological symptom burden into the prognostic assessment of patients with BM from non–small cell lung cancer.
Location and arrangement of campaniform sensilla in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Dinges Gesa F. , Chockley Alexander S. , Bockemühl Till , Ito Kei , Blanke Alexander , Büschges Ansgar 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSensory systems provide input to motor networks on the state of the body and environment. One such sensory system in insects is the campaniform sensilla (CS), which detect deformations of the exoskeleton arising from resisted movements or external perturbations. When physical strain is applied to the cuticle, CS external structures are compressed, leading to transduction in an internal sensory neuron. In Drosophila melanogaster, the distribution of CS on the exoskeleton has not been comprehensively described. To investigate CS number, location, spatial arrangement, and potential differences between individuals, we compared the front, middle, and hind legs of multiple flies using scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, we imaged the entire body surface to confirm known CS locations. On the legs, the number and relative arrangement of CS varied between individuals, and single CS of corresponding segments showed characteristic differences between legs. This knowledge is fundamental for studying the relevance of cuticular strain information within the complex neuromuscular networks controlling posture and movement. This comprehensive account of all D. melanogaster CS helps set the stage for experimental investigations into their responsivity, sensitivity, and roles in sensory acquisition and motor control in a light‐weight model organism.
Speed breeding and early panicle harvest accelerates oat (Avena sativa L.) breeding cycles
Authors: González‐Barrios Pablo , Bhatta Madhav , Halley Madalene , Sandro Pablo , Gutiérrez Lucía 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIncreasing the response to selection in plant breeding programs by reducing the time required to complete a generation of inbreeding can significantly shorten the time to release a cultivar. Recently, ‘speed breeding’ strategies that manage temperature, photoperiod, and micronutrients showed a significant reduction in time to inbreeding in several crops. The goal of this study was to determine if the speed breeding system can be effectively applied to oat (Avena sativa L.) for a single‐seed descent breeding scheme and to determine if seeds can be harvested early with acceptable germination for breeding purposes. Two systems were evaluated using eight genetically diverse oat genotypes under speed breeding (22‐h photoperiod) and normal growing conditions (16 h) in a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement of treatments and three replications. Our results indicated a significant reduction in time for all the phenological stages evaluated when speed breeding was used, compared with normal growing conditions. In particular, the reduction in time to flowering date was 11 d (62 vs. 51 d on average). Germination evaluations indicated that by 21 d after flowering, it was possible to obtain acceptable germination levels for all genotypes evaluated. This should be of great importance in breeding systems where single‐seed descent can be used.