bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How we teach children with asthma to use their inhaler: A scoping review protocol
Authors: McCrossan Patrick , Mallon Orla , Shields Michael , O'Donoghue Dara 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BackgroundOne reason that asthma remains poorly controlled in children is poor inhaler technique. Current guidelines recommend checking inhaler technique at each clinical visit. However, they do not specify how best to train children to mastery of correct inhaler technique. Currently many children are simply shown how to use inhalers (brief Instruction) which results in less than 50% with correct inhaler technique. The aim of this scoping review is to explore published literature on teaching methods used to train children to master correct inhaler technique.MethodsThis scoping review will follow the Arksey O'Malley scoping review methodology and the 2015 Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. It will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocols extension for Scoping Reviews. An initial pilot exercise will be undertaken using the online database MEDLINE before proceeding to a complete search using the databases Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and the Cochrane library. We will include studies published since the year 1956 on teaching the skill of inhaler technique to children. Due to the iterative nature of a scoping review, the research question or the search terms may alter following a piloting process.DiscussionThis scoping review will provide a broad overview of currently used educational techniques to improve inhaler technique in children with asthma. This may allow us to make recommendations for primary and secondary care asthma clinics. The analysis will allow us to refine future research in this area by focusing on the most effective techniques and optimising them. This will likely lead to a systematic review of the literature with the potential to design a randomised control trial of educational interventions to teach inhaler technique to children with asthma.
Investigating the effect of social networking site use on mental health in an 18-34 year-old general population. A cross-sectional study using the 2016 Scania Public Health Survey.
Authors: Scott Emily Stella , Canivet Catarina A. , Östergren Per-Olof G 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Social Networking Sites (SNS) are commonly used, especially by young adults. Their impact on mental health is unclear. Moreover, little is known about how social factors, e.g. Perceived Emotional Support (PES), may affect this association. Mental health issues are increasingly burdening the young generation and society as a whole. This study aims to investigate the association between frequency of SNS use and number of SNS contacts with the mental health of a young, Swedish population. Additionally, the potential effect modification of PES will be analysed in regard to these relationships. Method This cross-sectional study applied logistic regression analyses to data on 1,341 participants (aged 18-34), retrieved from the Scania Public Health Survey (2016). Analyses were stratified by gender and the GHQ-12 scale assessed poor mental health. A 2-way interaction model was used to test for effect modification by PES regarding the association between SNS use and mental health. Results Increased risk for poor mental health were found in women only. Using SNS almost hourly vs. less often resulted in an odds ratio (OR) of 1.66 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16–2.38). The corresponding figures for having ≥600 contacts vs. ≤599 were (1.89; 1.21–2.97). Having low PES and using SNS almost hourly was associated with an OR of 3.12 (CI = 1.69–5.76; synergy index (SI) = 1.25). Low PES and ≥600 contacts resulted in an OR of 6.07 (CI = 1.73–21.33), whereby interaction was detected (SI = 2.88). Conclusion Women, but not men, with frequent SNS use and a high number of SNS contacts were more likely to have poor mental health, which was exacerbated in women with low PES. Facilitating PES could be an approach for improving mental health among young adults. Future studies on the use of SNS should focus more on gender analyses.
Breast Milk-fed Infant of COVID-19 Pneumonia Mother: a Case Report
Authors: Yu Yuanyuan , Xu Jian , Li Youjiang , Hu Yingying , Li Bin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In China, mothers with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 pneumonia are recommended to stop breastfeeding. However, the evidence to support this guidance is lacking. This report analyzes the case of a mother who persisted breastfeeding her baby when both were diagnosed with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid was not detected in the breast milk, and antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were present in detected in the mother's serum and milk. There was no evidence of mother-to-child transmission of the virus through breastfeeding. This case report demonstrates that breastfeeding may even be useful for improving the recovery of the infant without exacerbating disease severity.
An analytical investigation for optimizing the support stiffness and positions of the bearings of a flexible rotor system
Authors: Liu Jing , Tang Changke 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
The support stiffness and positions of the bearings can greatly affect the vibrations of flexible rotor systems. However, most previous works only focused on the effect of the support stiffness of the bearings on the critical speeds of the rigid rotor systems or modal characteristics including natural frequencies and mode shapes, which missed the combine effects of the support stiffness and positions of the bearings. To overcome this issue, an analytical dynamic model of a flexible rotor system based on the finite element (FE) method is proposed. The model considers the support stiffness of the bearings and rotational inertia of the rotor system. The frequency equation of the rotor system is established for solving the critical speeds. The critical speeds and modal deformations of the system from the presented model and the numerical model based on a commercial software are compared to verify the effectiveness of the proposed FE model. The effects of the support stiffness and positions of the bearings on the critical speeds of the flexible rotor system are analyzed. The results show that the critical speeds are positively correlated with the support stiffness. The critical speeds of the flexible rotor system are also greatly affected by the support positions of the bearing. This study can provide some guidance for the optimization design method of the support stiffness and positions of the bearings in the flexible rotor systems.
Raman Tensor of Layered Black Phosphorous
Authors: Zhu Yanming , Zheng Wei , Wang Weiliang , Zhu Siqi , Li Linxuan , Cheng Lu , Jin Mingge , Ding Ying , Huang Feng 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Black phosphorous is an orthorhombic with a strong Raman anisotropy in the basal and cross plane. However, up to now, almost all the studies on anisotropy of black phosphorous have focused on basal plane but neglected cross plane. Here, we performed a systematic angle-resolved polarized Raman scattering on the basal and cross plane of black phosphorous and obtained its integral Raman tensors. In addition, we discovered that Raman intensity ratio ( I xx :I yy :I zz ) of A_1^g mode is 256:1:5 when the polarization direction of incident light is along different crystal axes. According to first-principle calculated results, we confirmed that the strong Raman anisotropy is due to larger differential polarizability of A_1^g mode along a-axis. This phenomenon is also observed in the A_2^g mode.
Protocol for a systematic review of the incidence of infection in operative vs non-operative management of Seymour fractures in children and adolescents
Authors: Kiely Ailbhe Lynda , Nolan Grant Switzer , Cooper Lilli 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Seymour fractures are open, displaced juxta-epiphyseal fractures of the distal phalanx, with an overlying nail bed laceration that occur in children and adolescents with an open physis. This fracture occurs rarely, but its potential consequences are clinically significant. Due to anatomical particulars and proximity to the growth plate, this open fracture may result in soft tissue infection and osteomyelitis, leading to growth arrest and persistent mallet deformity. At present, there is no consensus as to the optimal management of Seymour fractures. The objective of this study will be to systematically evaluate the existing evidence to establish whether operative or non-operative management of Seymore fractures is associated with a lower incidence of infection. Methods We designed and registered a study protocol for a systematic review of comparative and observational studies. A comprehensive literature search will be conducted (from 1966 to present) in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases. Grey literature will be identified through searching Open Grey and dissertation databases using an exhaustive search strategy. All clinical studies examining the management of Seymour fractures in children & adolescents will be included, comparing operative and non-operative groups. Operative management will be defined as formal washout and soft tissue debridement prior to reduction, whether in the emergency department or operating theatre. Non-operative management refers to washout without surgical debridement. Primary outcome measures will be the incidence of superficial and deep infection. Secondary outcomes will include adverse events such mal-union, non-union, need for re-operation, physeal disturbance, nail dystrophy/atrophy. Two independent reviewers will screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. Conflicts will be resolved through discussion. The study methodological quality (or bias) will be appraised using an appropriate tool. A narrative synthesis will be performed and if two or more studies with comparable design and reporting the same outcome are identified, data will be pooled for comparative analysis. Discussion This review will provide robust evidence for the management of Seymour fractures, based on a cumulation of existing studies. Due to the rarity of this fracture pattern, included studies are expected to be mainly observational and prone to bias; however, there is value in summarising the evidence, assessing its risk of bias and performing meta-analysis where possible to guide clinicians. Registration PROSPERO CRD42020153726
Impact of body composition on physical fitness components in the Mexican Navy: is overweight an issue?
Authors: Sànchez-Chapul Laura , Valencia-León Jesús Fernando , Acevedo-Mora Mario , Fuentes-Corona Zendy F , Estrada-Camarena Erika , Baños-Vázquez José Ubaldo , Hernández-Zamudio Egner , Rangel-Sánchez José Alejandro , Gutiérrez-García Israel , Martínez-Nava Gabriela A , Salgado-Aguilar Sigifredo , Téllez-Cárdenas Liliana , Mirabent-Amor Diego , Fanco-Sánchez José Gilberto , Bonilla-Arcuate Luis A , Luna-Angulo Alexandra , López-Macay Ámbar 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background. Appropriate physical fitness components and body composition are required to overcome dangerous situations during sea rescues and in the first line of combat in the Mexican Navy. Aim of the study. To analyze the impact of body composition on physical fitness components such as cardiorespiratarory fitness and muscle strength-resistance of marines, rescue swimmers, and divers of the Mexican Navy classified as overweight. Methods. BC was assessed by two BMI cutoff points (WHO and military)­; body fat percentage and muscle mass percentage, and waist circumference were determined by anthropometry. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the Course-Navette test and MSR by a 1-minute maximal effort of push-ups, sit-ups, and bench presses. Results. We found significant differences in medians of physical fitness components and body composition among groups (p < 0.001). The WHO and military BMI showed 59 (54%) and 16 (15%) individuals as overweight, respectively. Marine instructors showed the highest percentage of men to be overweight, 24 (41%) (WHO) at the expense of good muscle mass percentage but high body fat percentage according to age. All groups showed cardiorespiratory fitness adequate for their age, but only 26 (51%) and 14 (24%) classified as normal and overweight (WHO), respectively, had good cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.003). Conclusions. Personnel classified as overweight had good body composition at the expense of high body fat percentage but adequate muscle mass, which could be adequate for their operational tasks; but their cardiorespiratory fitness, although good for their age, is still below the ideal value for military physical activity.
WITHDRAWN: Association Between Inflammatory Biomarkers and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome or Acute Lung Injury Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Quoqi , Liu Zhenfeng , Liu Daishun , Zou Yugang , Wang Haixia , Li Xiao , Zheng Deliang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
BackgroundThe relationship between acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)/acute lung injury (ALI) and levels of certain inflammatory factors remains controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to summary the available studies evaluated the association between levels of inflammatory factors and ARDS/ALI incidence.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, EmBase, and Cochrane databases for studies published in or before July 2017. For each inflammatory factor, a random effects model was employed to pool results from different studies.ResultsWe identified 63 studies that included 6,243 patients in our meta-analysis. Overall, the results indicated that the levels of angiopoietin (ANG)-2 [standard mean difference (SMD): 1.34; P < 0.001], interleukin (IL)-1β (SMD: 0.92; P = 0.012), IL-6 (SMD: 0.66; P = 0.005), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α (SMD: 0.98; P = 0.001) were significantly higher in patients with ARDS/ALI than in unaffected individuals. No significant differences were observed between patients with ARDS/ALI and unaffected individuals in terms of the levels of IL-8 (SMD: 0.61; P = 0.159), IL-10 (SMD: 1.10; P = 0.231), and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 (SMD: 0.70; P = 0.060).ConclusionsOur findings indicated that ARDS/ALI were associated with elevated levels of ANG-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, but not with IL-8, IL-10, and PAI-1 levels.
Metformin enhances osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth through AMPK pathway
Authors: Zhao Xuedan , Huang Wenyan , Pathak Janak L , Zhu Chuandong , Li Yunyang , Guan Hongbing , Shu Yan , Zeng Sujuan , Ge Linhu 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are ideal seed cells in bone tissue engineering. As a first-line anti-diabetic drug, metformin has recently been found to promote bone formation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of metformin on osteogenic differentiation of SHEDs and its underlying mechanism. SHEDs were isolated from the dental pulp of deciduous teeth from healthy children aged from 6 to 12, and their surface antigen markers of stem cells were detected by flow cytometry. The effect of metformin (10 - 200 μM) treatment on SHEDs cell viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation was analyzed. The activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was determined by western blot assay for the AMPK phosphorylated at Thr172 (p-AMPK). SHEDs were confirmed as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) based on the expression of characteristic surface antigens. Metformin (10-200 μM) did not affect the viability and proliferation of SHEDs, but significantly increased the expression of osteogenic genes, the activity of alkaline phosphatase, matrix mineralization, and p-AMPK level in SHEDs. Compound C, a specific inhibitor of AMPK pathway, abolished metformin-induced osteogenic differentiation of SHEDs. Moreover, metformin treatment enhanced pro-angiogenic/osteogenic growth factors BMP2 and VEGF but reduced the osteoclastogenic factor RANKL/OPG expression in SHEDs. In conclusion, metformin could induce the osteogenic differentiation of SHEDs by activating the AMPK pathway and regulates the expression of pro-angiogenic/osteogenic growth factors and osteoclastogenic factors in SHEDs. Therefore, SHEDs, combined with metformin possesses therapeutic potential for bone regeneration and bone defect repair.
Transmission Dynamics of the Global COVID-19 Epidemic: Analytical Modeling and Future Prediction
Authors: Li Keqin 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: The outbreak and epidemic of COVID-19 has created worldwide impact and attracted global attention. Considerable effort has been devoted to the study of the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. However, there are lack of simple and straightforward expressions of the growing curves of important indicators, such as the cumulative number of confirmed cases and the cumulative number of dead cases. Methods: We adopt two methods. The first method is based on regression analysis. We fit the available data into a curve by the method of least squares. The best curve is obtained by solving a multivariable minimization problem. The second method is based on differential equations. We establish an analytical model of transmission dynamics based on the susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered-dead (SEIRD) process using a linear system of ordinary differential equations, which characterize the daily change in each compartment. The size of each compartment (i.e., the number of people in each stage of the SEIRD process) is readily available based on the solution to these differential equations. Results: Both methods are applied to the COVID-19 epidemic data in the world as a case study. Furthermore, predictions of the cumulative number of confirmed cases and the cumulative number of dead cases in April 2020 using our models and methods are also provided. From a global perspective, unless powerful and effective social and medical impacts are made, by the end April of 2020, the cumulative number of confirmed cases is 23.333 and 36.068 millions respectively using regression analysis and analytical model, and the cumulative number of dead cases is 1.148 and 2.528 millions respectively using regression analysis and analytical model, based on the current situation. Conclusions: In this paper, we make some progress towards analytical expressions of the daily growth of the cumulative number of confirmed cases and the cumulative number of dead cases, two most important and daily reported figures.
Magnetically recyclable Ag/TiO2 co-decorated magnetic silica composite for photodegradation of dibutyl phthalate with fluorescent lamps
Authors: Ding Zhiqiang , Liu Yue , Fu Yong , Chen Feng , Chen Zhangpei , Hu Jianshe 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In recent years, industrial contaminants and especially organic pollutions have been threatening both environmental safety and human health. Particularly, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) has been considered as one of the major hazardous contaminants due to its widespread production and ecological toxicities. Consequently, reliable methods toward the efficient and environmentally benign degradation of DBP in wastewater would be very desirable. To this end, a novel magnetically separable porous TiO2/Ag composite photocatalyst with magnetic Fe3O4 particles as the core was developed and successfully introduced to the photocatalytic degradation of DBP under visible irradiation with a fluorescent lamp. The presented work describes the grafting of Ag co-doped TiO2 composite on the silica-modified porous Fe3O4 magnetic particles with a simple and inexpensive chemical co-precipitation method. Through the investigation of the influencing factors including photocatalyst dosage, initial concentration of DBP, solution pH, and H2O2 content, we found that the degradation efficiency could reach 74%. The photodegradation recovery experiment showed that the degradation efficiency of this photocatalyst remained almost the same after five times of reuse. In addition, a plausible degradation process was also proposed involving the attack of active hydroxyl radicals generated from this photocatalysis system and production of the corresponding intermediates of butyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dipropyl phthalate, methyl benzoate, and benzoic acid.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of segmental function of the aorta and carotid arteries in healthy infants
Authors: Sinelnikov Yu. , Orekhova E. , Matanovskaya T. 
Published: April 2020

Aim. To study the ultrasonographic parameters of segmental function and mechanics of the aorta and carotid arteries in healthy infants.Methods. We observed 114 healthy infants (age range, 1–12 months; boys 52.6%; mean body surface area (BSA): 0.35 ± 0.8 m2). Echocardiography was performed with an Acuson S 2000 (Siemens Medical Systems, Mountain View, CA, USA) using vector velocity imaging (VVI). The following parameters were estimated at the level of the ascending and abdominal aorta and in the common carotid arteries (CCA): maximum and minimum diameters (mm); circumferential strain (CS, %) and circumferential strain rate (CSR, s-1); fraction area change (FAC, %); arterial stiffness (β2).Results. The maximum and minimum diameters of the examined segments of the aorta and CCA, FAC of the aorta and CCA, CS and CSR of the aorta and CCA showed a correlation with BSA, age, LV stroke index, and LV myocardial mass index. None of the estimated parameters showed a correlation with sex, arterial blood pressure, or left ventricular ejection fraction. The highest CS values were found in CCA 7.85 ± 2.8% [compared with 5.4 ± 0.98% (p = 0.0001) in the ascending aorta and 6.7 ± 1.8 % (p = 0.03) in the abdominal aorta). CSR in the CCA (0.84 ± 0.22 s-1) was significantly higher than that at the abdominal aorta level (0.67 ± 0.24 s-1, p = 0.001), but lower than that in the ascending aorta (1.3 ± 0.3 s-1, p = 0.00001).Conclusion. The parameters of segmental function of the aorta and common carotid artery obtained in our research can serve as normative reference for children in the first year of life. The functional parameters of the aorta and common carotid artery depend on the age and BSA.
Received 15 December 2019. Revised 26 February 2020. Accepted 27 February 2020.
Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.
Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.