bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Long Noncoding RNA Linc‐Pint by Hepatitis C Virus in Infected Hepatocytes Enhances Lipogenesis
Authors: Khatun Mousumi , Sur Subhayan , Steele Robert , Ray Ranjit , Ray Ratna B. 
Published: November 2020

Background and Aims
HCV often causes chronic infection in liver, cirrhosis, and, in some instances, HCC. HCV encodes several factors' those impair host genes for establishment of chronic infection. The long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) display diverse effects on biological regulations. However, their role in virus replication and underlying diseases is poorly understood. In this study, we have shown that HCV exploits lncRNA long intergenic nonprotein‐coding RNA, p53 induced transcript (Linc‐Pint) in hepatocytes for enhancement of lipogenesis.

Approach and Results
We identified a lncRNA, Linc‐Pint, which is significantly down‐regulated in HCV‐replicating hepatocytes and liver specimens from HCV infected patients. Using RNA pull‐down proteomics, we identified serine/arginine protein specific kinase 2 (SRPK2) as an interacting partner of Linc‐Pint. A subsequent study demonstrated that overexpression of Linc‐Pint inhibits the expression of lipogenesis‐related genes, such as fatty acid synthase and ATP‐citrate lyase. We also observed that Linc‐Pint significantly inhibits HCV replication. Furthermore, HCV‐mediated enhanced lipogenesis can be controlled by exogenous Linc‐Pint expression. Together, our results suggested that HCV‐mediated down‐regulation of Linc‐Pint enhances lipogenesis favoring virus replication and liver disease progression.

Conclusions
We have shown that SRPK2 is a direct target of Linc‐Pint and that depletion of SRPK2 inhibits lipogenesis. Our study contributes to the mechanistic understanding of the role of Linc‐Pint in HCV‐associated liver pathogenesis.
The role of landscape morphology on soil moisture variability in semi‐arid ecosystems
Authors: Srivastava Ankur , Saco Patricia M. , Rodriguez Jose F. , Kumari Nikul , Chun Kwok Pan , Yetemen Omer 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPrevious studies on semi‐arid ecosystems have shown high values of soil moisture variability (SMV) primarily induced by the combined effects of non‐uniform precipitation, incoming solar radiation, and soil and vegetation properties. However, the relative impact of these various factors on SMV has been difficult to evaluate due to limited availability of field data. In addition, only a limited number of studies have analysed the role of landscape morphology on SMV. Here we use numerical simulations of a simple hydrological model, the Bucket Grassland Model, to systematically analyse the effect of each contributing factor on SMV on two different landscape morphologies. The two different landform morphologies represent landscapes dominated respectively by either diffusive erosion or fluvial erosion processes. We conducted various simulations driven by a stochastically generated 100‐year climate time series, which is long enough to capture climatic fluctuations, in order to understand the effect of various soil moisture controlling factors on the spatiotemporal SMV. Our modelling results show that the fluvial dominated landscapes promote higher spatial SMV than the diffusive dominated ones. Further, the role of landform morphology on SMV is more pronounced in regions where the spatial variability of incoming solar radiation and precipitation is high.
Impaired interferon‐α expression in plasmacytoid dendritic cells in asthma
Authors: Lin Ting‐Yu , Lo Chun‐Yu , Tsao Kuo‐Chien , Chang Po‐Jui , Kuo Chih‐His Scott , Lo Yu‐Lun , Lin Shu‐Min , Hsieh Meng‐Heng , Wang Tsai‐Yu , Hsu Ping‐Chih , Lin Horng‐Chyuan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundToll‐like receptor (TLR)‐7‐associated rhinovirus (RV) activation is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the main interferon‐α‐producing cells against viruses.ObjectiveTo determine whether asthmatic patients and control subjects differ in terms of interferon‐α expression in pDCs under TLR‐7 or RV stimulation.MethodspDCs were identified in BDCA‐2+ and HLA‐DR+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Interferon‐α expression of pDCs was analyzed after TLR‐7 stimulation with or without interleukin 4 (IL‐4)/IL‐13 pretreatment. Interferon‐α expression was also analyzed after RV stimulation over periods of 24, 48, or 96 h with or without IL‐4 pretreatment. RV detection and molecular typing were assayed from throat swabs.ResultsFollowing TLR‐7 stimulation, the expression of intracellular interferon‐α was higher in the pDCs of normal subjects than those of asthmatic patients; however, pretreatment with IL‐4 was shown to reduce this effect. After 48‐ and 96‐h RV stimulation, we observed a notable increase in the production of interferon‐α of pDCs in normal subjects but not in asthmatic patients. Baseline interferon‐α expression in pDCs and the incidence of asthma exacerbation to emergency was higher among the 13% of patients identified as rhinovirus+ than among their RV counterparts.ConclusionOur study discovered the response to TLR‐7 stimulation in pDCs was compromised and the sustainability of interferon‐α expression to RV stimulation was reduced in pDCs of asthmatic patients, which provide further evidence of defective innate response and subspeciality to RV infection in asthma. The high exacerbation history founded in RV+ patients agrees with these findings. Further research is required for the modulatory effect of IL‐4 on TLR‐7 stimulated pDCs.
Progress, challenges and ways forward supporting cancer surveillance in Latin America
Authors: Piñeros Marion , Abriata María Graciela , de Vries Esther , Barrios Enrique , Bravo Luis Eduardo , Cueva Patricia , de Camargo Cancela Marianna , Fernández Leticia , Gil Enrique , Luciani Silvana , Pardo Constanza , Zoss Walter , Bray Freddie , Mery Les 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPopulation‐based cancer registries (PBCRs) are the only means to provide reliable incidence and survival data as a basis for policy‐making and resource allocations within cancer care. Yet, less than 3% and 10% of the respective populations of Central America and South America are covered by high‐quality cancer registries. The Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development provides support to improve this situation via the International Agency for Research on Cancer Regional Hub for Latin America. In this paper, we summarize activities (advocacy, technical assistance, training and research) over the last 5 years, their impact and current challenges, including the implementation of new PBCR in four countries in the region. Despite the favorable political support to cancer registration in many countries, the sustainability of cancer registration remains vulnerable. Renewed efforts are needed to improve data quality in Latin America while ensuring maximum visibility of the data collected by disseminating and promoting their use in cancer control.
Human splenic TER cells: A relevant prognostic factor acting via the artemin‐GFRα3‐ERK pathway in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Tian‐Jiao , Li Hao , Zhang Wu‐Hu , Xu Shuai‐Shuai , Jiang Wang , Li Shuo , Gao He‐Li , Han Xuan , Xu Hua‐Xiang , Wu Chun‐Tao , Wang Wen‐Quan , Yu Xian‐Jun , Liu Liang 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSplenectomy is routinely performed during distal or total pancreatectomy (DP or TP) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but information about its oncological value is limited. TER cells, nonimmune cells discovered in the spleens of tumour‐bearing mice, are elicited by tumours and promote tumour progression, while their role in the clinical outcomes of patients with PDAC remains unclear. In our study, postoperative specimens from 622 patients who underwent DP or TP with splenectomy were analysed by flow cytometry or immunofluorescence, and the relationship between splenic TER cell count and clinical parameters was calculated. We also purified human TER cells for functional experiments and mechanistic studies. We found that TER cell numbers were increased only in the spleens of patients with PDAC but not in PDAC tissue and adjacent pancreatic tissue. High splenic TER cell counts independently predicted poor prognosis (P < .001) and indicated large tumour size, lymph node metastasis, advanced 8th AJCC/mAJCC stage and high CA19‐9 classification (all P < .050) in patients with PDAC. Mechanistic analysis showed that TER cells express artemin, which facilitates the proliferation and invasion of PDAC cells by activating GFRα3‐ERK signalling. Our study reveals that TER cell count is an indicator of poor prognosis of PDAC, while splenectomy during pancreatic surgery might provide oncological benefits in addition to ensuring the radical resection of PDAC.
Label‐free high frame rate imaging of circulating blood clots using a dual modal ultrasound and photoacoustic system
Authors: Das Dhiman , Sivasubramanian Kathyayini , Rajendran Praveenbalaji , Pramanik Manojit 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDeep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a disorder when a blood clot (thrombus) is formed in one of the deep veins. These clots detach from the original sites and circulate in the blood stream at high velocities. Diagnosing these blood clots at an early stage is necessary to decide the treatment strategy. For label‐free, in vivo, and real‐time detection, high framerate photoacoustic imaging can be used. In this work, a dual modal clinical ultrasound and photoacoustic (PA) system is used for the high framerate PA imaging of circulating blood clots in blood at linear velocities up to 107 cm/sec. Blood clot had 1.4 times higher signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in the static mode and 1.3 times higher SNR compared to blood PA signal in the flow experiments. This work demonstrates that fast‐moving circulating blood clots are easy to recognize against the background PA signal and may aid in early diagnosis.
Design of synthetic microenvironments to promote the maturation of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Zhang Rui , Guo Tianwei , Han Yu , Huang Hongxin , Shi Jiamin , Hu Jiaxuan , Li Hongjiao , Wang Jianlin , Saleem Amina , Zhou Ping , Lan Feng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCardiomyocyte like cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC‐CMs) have a good application perspective in many fields such as disease modeling, drug screening and clinical treatment. However, these are severely hampered by the fact that hPSC‐CMs are immature compared to adult human cardiomyocytes. Therefore, many approaches such as genetic manipulation, biochemical factors supplement, mechanical stress, electrical stimulation and three‐dimensional culture have been developed to promote the maturation of hPSC‐CMs. Recently, establishing in vitro synthetic artificial microenvironments based on the in vivo development program of cardiomyocytes has achieved much attention due to their inherent properties such as stiffness, plasticity, nanotopography and chemical functionality. In this review, the achievements and deficiency of reported synthetic microenvironments that mainly discussed comprehensive biological, chemical, and physical factors, as well as three‐dimensional culture were mainly discussed, which have significance to improve the microenvironment design and accelerate the maturation of hPSC‐CMs.
A Normal FGF23 Does Not Preclude Tumor‐Induced Osteomalacia
Authors: Nandam Neeharika , Ejaz Sadia , Ahrens William , Styner Maya 
Published: November 2020

ABSTRACTTumor‐induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare cause of impaired bone mineralization mediated by the osteocyte‐derived, phosphaturic hormone: fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). The case is presented of a previously healthy 45‐year‐old man who developed fragility fractures at multiple sites (initially metatarsals, eventually ribs, hips, spine, scapula, and sacrum) resulting in rapid functional deterioration, weakness, and the inability to bear weight and ambulate without a walker. Workup for secondary causes of bone loss was negative except for mild hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with normal pituitary MRI and hypophosphatemia that persisted despite aggressive supplementation. Testosterone was initiated but discontinued 6 months later because of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, likely provoked by his new sedentary state, in addition to smoking history and possibly testosterone usage. Serum FGF23 was nonelevated at 138 mRU/mL (44–215). A genetic panel for OI variants was negative for a causal mutation. At the age of 48, 3 years after his initial fracture, he was referred to our academic endocrine clinic. We ruled out additional mutations that lead to hypophosphatemic rickets, including phosphate‐regulating endopeptidase homolog, X‐linked. PET/CT looking for a potential TIO locus revealed uptake in the left suprapatellar recess. Biopsy was consistent with a phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor. FGF23 was repeated for a preoperative baseline and now found to be elevated at 289 mRU/mL. In retrospect, it is likely that the initial level was inappropriately elevated for the degree of hypophosphatemia. After resection, he experienced marked improvement in physical function, decreased pain, and resolution of renal phosphate wasting. The principals of establishing a robust clinical diagnosis of TIO should be emphasized, excluding other entities and avoiding pitfalls in the interpretation of laboratory testing. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Metabolic syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis patients: Relationship among its clinical components
Authors: García‐Chagollán Mariel , Hernández‐Martínez Susana Elizabeth , Rojas‐Romero Alma Elizabeth , Muñoz‐Valle José Francisco , Sigala‐Arellano Ramón , Cerpa‐Cruz Sergio , Morales‐Núñez José Javier , Lomelí‐Nieto José Alvaro , Macedo Ojeda Gabriela , Hernández‐Bello Jorge 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) prevalence in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients is known to vary considerably across the world. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS in RA patients from western Mexico and to analyze the interrelation of the MetS components with the clinical variables of RA.MethodsThis case‐control study included 216 RA patients and 260 control subjects (CS). MetS prevalence was determined according to the NCEP/ATP III and the Latin American Consensus of the Latin American Diabetes Association (ALAD) criteria.ResultsMetS was observed in 30.6% RA patients and 33.3% of controls (p > 0.05) according to NCEP/ATP III and 28.7% in RA patients and 31.1% for controls using ALAD criteria. Total cholesterol, LDL‐C, and Castelli's I‐II indexes were lower in RA (p < 0.001) than in CS. The RA patients with MetS had more swollen joints than those without MetS (p = 0.018). In RA patients with MetS, DAS‐28 score correlated with smoking index (rho = 0.4601,p = 0.0004) and VLDL‐C (rho = 0.3108,p = 0.0056); similarly, rheumatoid factor (RF) correlated with age (rho = 0.2031,p = 0.0027), smoking index (rho = 0.3404,p < 0.0001), triglycerides (rho = 0.1958,p = 0.0039), and VLDL‐C (rho = 0.1761,p = 0.0162).ConclusionsThe MetS prevalence in RA patients from western Mexico is not higher than controls; however, in RA patients with MetS, some inflammatory markers are associated with MetS components; thus, the control of MetS in RA could be beneficial to regulate disease activity.
Ribosome biogenesis and degradation regulate translational capacity during muscle disuse and reloading
Authors: Figueiredo Vandré C. , D'Souza Randall F. , Van Pelt Douglas W. , Lawrence Marcus M. , Zeng Nina , Markworth James F. , Poppitt Sally D. , Miller Benjamin F. , Mitchell Cameron J. , McCarthy John J. , Dupont‐Versteegden Esther E. , Cameron‐Smith David 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundTranslational capacity (i.e. ribosomal mass) is a key determinant of protein synthesis and has been associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy. The role of translational capacity in muscle atrophy and regrowth from disuse is largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effect of muscle disuse and reloading on translational capacity in middle‐aged men (Study 1) and in rats (Study 2).MethodsIn Study 1, 28 male participants (age 50.03 ± 3.54 years) underwent 2 weeks of knee immobilization followed by 2 weeks of ambulatory recovery and a further 2 weeks of resistance training. Muscle biopsies were obtained for measurement of total RNA and pre‐ribosomal (r)RNA expression, and vastus lateralis cross‐sectional area (CSA) was determined via peripheral quantitative computed tomography. In Study 2, male rats underwent hindlimb suspension (HS) for either 24 h (HS 24 h, n = 4) or 7 days (HS 7d, n = 5), HS for 7 days followed by 7 days of reloading (Rel, n = 5) or remained as ambulatory weight bearing (WB, n = 5) controls. Rats received deuterium oxide throughout the study to determine RNA synthesis and degradation, and mTORC1 signalling pathway was assessed.ResultsTwo weeks of immobilization reduced total RNA concentration (20%) and CSA (4%) in men (both P ≤ 0.05). Ambulatory recovery restored total RNA concentration to baseline levels and partially restored muscle CSA. Total RNA concentration and 47S pre‐rRNA expression increased above basal levels after resistance training (P ≤ 0.05). In rats, RNA synthesis was 30% lower while degradation was ~400% higher in HS 7d in soleus and plantaris muscles compared with WB (P ≤ 0.05). mTORC1 signalling was lower in HS compared with WB as was 47S pre‐rRNA (P ≤ 0.05). With reloading, the aforementioned parameters were restored to WB levels while RNA degradation was suppressed (P ≤ 0.05).ConclusionsChanges in RNA concentration following muscle disuse and reloading were associated with changes in ribosome biogenesis and degradation, indicating that both processes are important determinants of translational capacity. The pre‐clinical data help explain the reduced translational capacity after muscle immobilization in humans and demonstrate that ribosome biogenesis and degradation might be valuable therapeutic targets to maintain muscle mass during disuse.
Multilayered non‐uniform atomic force microscope piezoelectric microcantilever control and vibration analysis considering different excitation based on the modified couple stress theory
Authors: Habibnejad Korayem Moharam , Hashemi Arash , Habibnejad Korayem Alireza 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAtomic force microscope (AFM) is one of the most powerful tools for surface scanning, force measurement, and nano‐manipulation. To improve its performance, vibration and control of AFM micro‐cantilever (MC) should be studied. Hysteresis, as an undesired phenomenon affecting vibration amplitude and phase, is also another important issue to be examined. In this paper, vibration analysis and control of a ZnO non‐uniform multi‐layered piezoelectric MC has been investigated in non‐contact mode. A modified couple stress theory has been used to obtain the strain energy for modeling the MC. In order to control the amplitude, a sliding mode controller (SMC) has been utilized on AFM, due to its application in uncertain and nonlinear systems. For applying the control signal, two methods of piezo and base actuation are studied. The results are compared with proportional integral derivative (PID) control method and it is demonstrated that SMC method reduces the control input close to the surface and increases the accuracy near the surface. In addition to MC control, hysteresis amplitude and phase differences are investigated by applying the Prandtl–Ishlinskii model. Also, surface topography is studied with hysteresis. The simulations show backward phase difference and an increase in amplitude, accordingly.
Effect of SINC Feeding Protocol on Weight Gain, Transition to Oral Feeding, and the Length of Hospitalization in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Celen Raziye , Tas Arslan Fatma , Soylu Hanifi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackground: The present study aims to test the effect of the Safe Individualized Nipple‐Feeding Competence (SINC) protocol on the preterm infants’ weight gain, transition to oral feeding, and duration of hospitalization. Methods: The procedure was designed as a single‐blind, parallel‐group randomized controlled trial. The trial was conducted in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Konya, Turkey. Data were collected from 80 preterm infants between February 2018 and March 2019. Infants (gestational weeks 28–33) were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 39) and control groups (n = 41). The intervention group received the SINC feeding protocol, whereas the control group received the standard feeding. Data were collected using the Family Information Form, the Preterm Infant Follow‐Up Form, and the SINC Protocol Evaluation Checklist. Infants were followed from hospitalization to discharge. The outcomes were weight gain, transition to oral feeding, and the length of hospitalization from birth to discharge. Pearson χ2 test, Fisher exact test, independent t‐test, Mann‐Whitney U test, and general linear model test were used in analyzing the data. Results: The main effects of groups on weight measurements were found to be statistically significant (P < .001). There were no significant differences in terms of the transition from gavage to full oral feeding and the length of hospitalization (P > .05). Conclusions: SINC protocol positively influences weight gain in preterm infants. It is important to evaluate different evidence‐based feeding methods both as they apply to the NICU stay and how they may affect long‐term outcomes of preterm infant.
miR‐188‐5p inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion in gallbladder carcinoma by targeting Wnt2b and Smad2
Authors: Li Xiang‐Lu , Li Shi‐Zong , Wu Chang‐Xiong , Xing Xue‐Hua 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGallbladder carcinoma (GBC) commonly occurs in gastrointestinal malignancy and has the fifth highest mortality rate among gastrointestinal malignancy. Recently, miR‐188‐5p, a small noncoding RNA, has been implicated in various types of cancer such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, liver cancer, and prostate cancer. However, the effect of miR‐188‐5p on GBC remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that miR‐188‐5p was downregulated in GBC tissues, and downregulation of miR‐188‐5p correlated with larger tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and extensive metastasis. In addition, the overall survival time of patients with higher miR‐188‐5p expression was significantly longer than that of patients with low‐miR‐188‐5p expression. Moreover, downregulation of miR‐188‐5p promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBC cells, while its overexpression inhibited cell invasion and induced cell apoptosis, and arrested GBC growth in vivo. Importantly, miR‐188‐5p‐dependent tumorigenesis was correlated with Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and p‐38/JNK signaling. In conclusion, miR‐188‐5p plays a direct role in GBC tumorigenesis. Our study suggests that miR‐188‐5p could serve as a novel diagnosis marker and therapeutic target in GBC.