bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pluri-annual Water Budget on the Seine Basin: Past, Current and Future Trends
Authors: Flipo Nicolas , Gallois Nicolas , Labarthe Baptiste , Baratelli Fulvia , Viennot Pascal , Schuite Jonathan , Rivière Agnès , Bonnet Rémy , Boé Julien 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe trajectory of the Seine basin water resources is rebuilt from the early 1900s to the 2000s before being projected to the end of the twenty-first century. In the first part, the long-term hydrological data of the Paris gauging stations are analysed beginning in 1885, highlighting the effect of anthropogenic water management on the Seine River discharge. Then a detailed water budget of the Seine basin is proposed. It quantifies for the first time the water exchanges between aquifer units and the effect of water withdrawals on river–aquifer exchanges. Using this model, the trajectory of the system is evaluated based on a downscaled climate reanalysis of the twentieth century and a reconstruction of the land use in the early 1900s, as well as the choice of a climate projection which favours the model that best reproduces the low frequency of precipitation. The trajectory is synthesised as average regimes, revealing a relative stability of the hydrosystem up to the present, and drastic changes in the discharge regime in the future, especially concerning the decreased amount of low flow and its increased duration. These expected changes will require the definition of an adaptation strategy even though they are rather limited in the Seine basin when compared to other French regions.
The Seine Watershed Water-Agro-Food System: Long-Term Trajectories of C, N and P Metabolism
Authors: Billen Gilles , Garnier Josette , Le Noë Julia , Viennot Pascal , Gallois Nicolas , Puech Thomas , Schott Celine , Anglade Juliette , Mary Bruno , Beaudoin Nicolas , Léonard Joël , Mignolet Catherine , Théry Sylvain , Thieu Vincent , Silvestre Marie , Passy Paul 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBased on the GRAFS method of biogeochemical accounting for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and carbon (C) fluxes through crop, grassland, livestock and human consumption, a full description of the structure and main functioning features of the French agro-food system was obtained from 1850 to the present at the scale of 33 agricultural regions. For the period since 1970, this description was compared with the results of an agronomic reconstitution of the cropping systems of the Seine watershed based on agricultural census and detailed enquiries about farming practices at the scale of small agricultural regions (the ARSeine database), which were then used as input to an agronomical model (STICS) calculating yields, and the dynamics of N and C. STICS was then coupled with a hydrogeological model (MODCOU), so that the entire modelling chain can thus highlight the high temporal inertia of both soil organic matter pool and aquifers. GRAFS and ARSeine revealed that the agriculture of the North of France is currently characterised by a high degree of territorial openness, specialisation and disconnection between crop and livestock farming, food consumption and production. This situation is the result of a historical trajectory starting in the middle of the nineteenth century, when agricultural systems based on mixed crop and livestock farming with a high level of autonomy were dominant. The major transition occurred only after World War II and the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy and led, within only a few decades, to a situation where industrial fertilisers largely replaced manure and where livestock farming activities were concentrated either in the Eastern margins of the watershed in residual mixed farming areas or in specialised animal production zones of the Great West. A second turning point occurred around the 1990s when regulatory measures were taken to partly correct the environmental damage caused by the preceding regime, yet without in-depth change of its logic of specialisation and intensification. Agricultural soil biogeochemistry (C sequestration, nitrate losses, P accumulation, etc.) responds, with a long delay, to these long-term structural changes. The same is true for the hydrosystem and most of its different compartments (vadose zone, aquifers, riparian zones), so that the relationship between the diffuse sources of nutrients (or pesticides) and the agricultural practices is not immediate and is strongly influenced by legacies from the past structure and practices of the agricultural system. This has strong implications regarding the possible futures of the Seine basin agriculture.
Bathing Activities and Microbiological River Water Quality in the Paris Area: A Long-Term Perspective
Authors: Mouchel Jean-Marie , Lucas Françoise S. , Moulin Laurent , Wurtzer Sébastien , Euzen Agathe , Haghe Jean-Paul , Rocher Vincent , Azimi Sam , Servais Pierre 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter presents the historical aspects regarding swimming in rivers in the Paris region since the seventeenth century, including the concept of fecal contamination indicator bacteria (FIBs) developed at the very beginning of the twentieth century, and historical contamination data covering more than one century in the Paris agglomeration. The sources of microbiological contamination of river waters are quantified, showing the importance of rain events. The present contamination levels are presented with reference to the European Directive for bathing water quality. FIB levels show that the sufficient quality for bathing is not reached yet in any of the monitored stations. A comprehensive data set regarding waterborne pathogens (viruses, Giardia, Cryptosporidium) in the Seine and Marne rivers is presented as a necessary complement to the regulatory FIB data to better evaluate health risks. The last section concludes on the actions to be conducted to improve the rivers’ microbiological quality in the coming years.
A Broken Child – A Diseased Woman
Authors: Kirkengen Anna Luise 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this text, general practitioner Anna Luise Kirkengen illustrates why a genuinely person-centered healthcare, as described in Part I, is of vital importance. Only by going beyond the biomedical realm and considering the lived experiences of the person seeking care, will the full causal complexities behind the medical symptoms be understood. Failure to consider the whole person and all their causal complexity, places the patient at risk of being misunderstood and mistreated by the healthcare system. Here, the lived experience of violation during childhood and adolescence, reported by a woman, is the vantage point for exploring the relationship between her experience and her health. The violation history, as related by the person herself, will be juxtaposed to her sickness histories, as documented in medical records. This approach allows for comparing a biomedical and a biographical account of serious disease development.
Complexity, Reductionism and the Biomedical Model
Authors: Rocca Elena , Anjum Rani Lill 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this chapter we discuss the idea of complexity. While this concept is widely used, its meaning and interpretation usually remain implicit. We show that a mereological view, in which complexity is seen as composition of multiple unchanged parts, motivates an investigation that starts from the separation of causal factors, and their investigation in isolation. In contrast, we propose what we call ‘genuine complexity’, in which the parts of a whole not only compose and interact, but also change each other through such interaction. This, however, requires that we start an investigation from the higher level of complexity: by observing the whole. At such a level, indeed, it is possible to focus on interactions between context, lived experience and physical body parts. Several clinicians, globally, are pushing for a change in this direction. An ecological shift in medicine, we argue, will be not only necessary, but also unavoidable, if we acknowledge that human biology is genuinely complex, and we truly reflect on the meaning and implications of this.
Nostalgia and Hope: Narrative Master Frames Across Contemporary Europe
Authors: Hellström Anders , Norocel Ov Cristian , Jørgensen Martin Bak 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAfter the fall of the Berlin wall and the end of the Cold War, a certain sense of optimism swept across Europe. Some 25 years later, everything seems radically different. With the considerable inroads made into mainstream politics by right-wing populist parties across the continent, there is no shortage of gloom and worry. Nevertheless, despite numerous examples of retrogressive forms of mobilization, there are also many cases of progressive mobilization. To capture this dynamic complexity, we posit politics as a site of struggle that constitutes an arena for the conflicting demands of the two master frames of nostalgia and hope. Following this logic of a polarized political terrain, the volume is divided into three parts that address both right-wing populist politics across Europe (Part I) and politics beyond party politics through either retrogressive mobilization (Part II) or emancipatory initiatives (Part III).
“Impossible” Activism and the Right to Be Understood: The Emergent Refugee Rights Movement in Finland
Authors: Haavisto Camilla 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn 2017, in the center of Helsinki, the Right to Live collective, consisting of Iraqi and Afghan asylum seekers and their allies, protested day and night for more than 6 months against unjust asylum processes and deportation. By so doing, the collective broke the culture of gratefulness that asylum seekers in Finland have traditionally adhered to and stretched the understanding of who and what constitutes civil society. In this chapter, I explore the following questions: what are the strategies used by the collective for gaining voice, visibility and legitimacy as information sources or experts in the public sphere; and what are the main obstacles that hinder protesting asylum seekers from being understood? The theoretical framework through which these questions are approached is formed around the contradiction between the “right to be under stood” (Husband 1996) and the “impossibility” of political activism by asylum seekers (Nyers 2003).
Hope as Master Frame in Feminist Mobilization: Between Liberal NGO-ization and Radical-Intersectional Street Politics
Authors: Ana Alexandra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe feminist critique of “family wage” central to the state-organized capitalism legitimates the contemporary supple capitalism, relying on low-waged work of less-privileged women. The shift from redistribution to identity politics concealed the structuring role of class. While the first decade, following the collapse of the state-socialist regime was characterized by the emergence of an NGO-ized feminism, embracing a women’s empowerment discourse, permeated by individualism and neoliberal free-market assumptions, the second decade was sequenced by the rise of a street feminism – contentious and intersectional, making room to queer, anarcho-feminism, and Roma feminism, to engage in social justice struggles addressing an anti-capitalist and anti-racist critique and the collective role of political economy. The financial and the refugee (reception) crisis opened a discursive window of opportunity in Romania where class, economic inequalities, the racialization of poverty began to penetrate the liberal right-wing curtain, that promoted privatization and deregulation, welfare chauvinism, delegitimizing the use of welfare provisions, by deepening the cleavage between the worthy and non-worthy. In this context, a politics of intersectional hope was contoured, through a three-dimensional process of bridge-building at the level of discourse, movements and repertoires of action.
Trouble in the Homeland: How Cultural Identity and Welfare Politics Merge in Contemporary Danish and Swedish Politics
Authors: Hellström Anders , Tawat Mahama 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter examines differences in the discourses on migration from two socio-economically similar countries—Denmark and Sweden. It employs the notion of conventional discourse to show how cultural identity and welfare politics intersect in the policy debates and blogospheres of the two countries. It also shows that a discursive shift had already occurred in the mainstream political discourse in Denmark before the 2015 refugee crisis—a discourse in which the dominant view is that cultural diversity is incompatible with social cohesion and thus a perceived threat to the welfare system. The same line of thinking is prevalent in Denmark’s blogosphere. In contrast, Sweden’s cultural issues have been consistently associated with redistributive policies in the mainstream political discourse, and these vary along the Left versus Right ideological cleavage. However, in Sweden’s blogosphere, welfare chauvinism and opposition to multiculturalism appear to be equally as strong as in Denmark.
Endangered Swedish Values: Immigration, Gender Equality, and “Migrants’ Sexual Violence”
Authors: Edenborg Emil 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter examines the relation between welfare and culture by examining Swedish debates about sexual violence, immigration, and gender equality in the wake of reports about large-scale sexual harassment in Cologne on New Years’ Eve 2015 and at a summer festival in Stockholm. Looking at newspaper representations on the one hand, and at party leaders’ speeches on the other, the chapter shows how the trope of “migrants’ sexual violence” contributed to a narrative portraying “Swedish values” of gender equality as endangered by immigration. I argue that the circulation of the “migrants’ sexual violence” trope constituted a bordering practice, implicitly or explicitly confirming the necessity of the stricter border regime introduced in November 2015. The idea of “endangered gender equality” was part of a securitization process where immigration was portrayed as an existential threat to the Swedish welfare model, which effectively closed off the possibilities to argue for a return to previous asylum policies.
Divorce, Emotions, and Legal Regulations: Shared Parenting in a Climate of Fear
Authors: Moore Elena 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch on post-divorce families has neglected the expressive or emotional aspects that are key elements of post-divorce everyday family practices. This chapter examines how the emotional experience of divorce is shaped by the social, economic, cultural, and legal context in which it occurs. Drawing on qualitative longitudinal data from separated and divorced parents in Ireland, the chapter focuses on the emotion of fear and the way in which fear is constructed through the legal system. The chapter reveals how feelings of fear are shaped by the legal and policy context of a “pro-contact culture”, shared parenting, private regulation, and the welfare principle. The object of fear includes the reduction or loss of fathering or a mother’s loss of power over parenting. The cause of fear lies in the structural inequalities of power that point to the fearing subject’s vulnerability. Parents manage their fear by developing new ways of parenting. I argue that fear motivates actions and “shared parenting”.
The Consequences of Separation for Mothers’ Perception of Their Parenting Capacity
Authors: Haux Tina , Platt Lucinda 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn the context of high rates of parental separation and divorce, there has been extensive scholarly interest in exploring the consequences of separation for both children and parents. However, little is currently known about whether separation impacts mothers’ sense of their own efficacy as parents. In this chapter, we investigate whether mothers’ confidence in their parenting drops following separation, and if so, whether it recovers over time. Arguing that reduced confidence in their competence as parents may stem from the challenges of sole parenting, we explore whether greater involvement of fathers in parenting after separation lessens the impact of the breakup on mothers’ confidence. Using the Millennium Cohort Study, a large, nationally representative study of children born in the UK in 2000–2001, we analyse the experiences of around 12,000 mothers who were living with their child’s father when the baby was around nine months old. By tracking these mothers until their child is around seven years old, we show that those who separate experience a reduction in their parenting confidence relative to those who did not separate, and that this gap persists. Counter to our expectations, we find that greater paternal involvement post-separation does not mitigate these effects. We discuss these findings in the context of theories of self-efficacy and the stigmatisation of lone mothers in society.
The Role of Gatekeeping in Non-Resident Fathers’ Contact with Their Children: Mothers’ and Fathers’ Views
Authors: Walper Sabine , Amberg Stefanie , Thönnissen Carolin , Christ Sharon L. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present two studies addressing maternal gatekeeping in separated families and investigate its association with interparental relationship problems and with father-child contact. The first study included 187 custodial mothers and 160 non-resident or shared parenting fathers. The findings suggest that there are significant links between both parents having a negative view of the other and the father having infrequent contact with his children. Coparenting conflict was found to be associated with both parents being worried about the well-being of their children, but only the fathers’ reports of conflict and child-related worries were shown to be linked to low levels of contact, which suggests that paternal withdrawal rather than protective maternal gatekeeping affects levels of father-child contact. The second study (pairfam) used longitudinal data from 145 mothers on the father’s child support payment history, levels of coparenting conflict and cooperation, and the frequency of father-child contact; and from their children on levels of maternal restrictive gatekeeping. Children’s reports of being pressured to side with their mother were shown to predict less frequent contact with their father one year later, even when controlling for earlier contact. Unexpectedly, fathers who did not provide child support were found to have high levels of contact. Overall, we conclude that the role of gatekeeping seems to be limited.
Governmentality: The Notion of Progress in the Brazilian Political Educational Discourse
Authors: Mascia Márcia Aparecida Amador 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe concern about progress has been a constant in Policy Educational Discourse, and curricula reforms over the years have inscribed their reason in pursuing progress. This chapter explores the system of reason in the documents of Brazilian curricula reforms that took place between 1980 and 1990. The framing is the discursive studies within Foucault’s genealogical studies of power and governmentality. The results of the analysis make us postulate curriculum as a discursive practice of social regulation and an effect of power–knowledge relations that operate linguistically between two dichotomies of exclusion and inclusion. Paradoxically, the search of progress, which is the search of inclusion, operates in a way of exclusion, producing the subjects that education needs to continue existing.
Retrospect and Prospect: Overview of 30 Years of Education System Reform in China
Authors: Lao Kaisheng 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe reform of a country’s educational system is a concrete historical process in terms of its macro-societal changes in the context of its structuring of educational institutions. Such innovative changes to any given educational institution can be considered to be a rational decision reached by social participants; therefore, the issue of reform rationality, which often rests upon certain ethical values, is of central importance. Given this, any rational decision-making regarding social change can be ultimately presented as a choice of guiding values. Equity, justice, public rationality, and public interest are the chief values by which the current Chinese educational system is measured. These values reflect not only the leading social zeitgeist but also the realistic needs and active pursuits of social participants. Therefore, they ought to serve as the basic principles for educational reform.
Footprint preparation with nanofractures in a supraspinatus repair cuts in half the retear rate at 1-year follow-up. A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ruiz Ibán Miguel Angel , Sanchez Alepuz Eduardo , Diaz Heredia Jorge , Hachem Abdul-ilah , Ezagüi Bentolila Leon , Calvo Angel , Verdú Carlos , de Rus Aznar Ignacio , Soler Romagosa Francesc 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate if adding nanofractures to the footprint of a supraspinatus tear repair would have any effect in the outcomes at one-year follow-up.MethodsMulticentric, triple-blinded, randomized trial with 12-months follow-up. Subjects with isolated symptomatic reparable supraspinatus tears smaller than 3 cm and without grade 4 fatty infiltration were included. These were randomized to two groups: In the Control group an arthroscopic supraspinatus repair was performed; in the Nanofracture group the footprint was additionally prepared with nanofractures (1 mm wide, 9 mm deep microfractures). Clinical evaluation was done with Constant score, EQ-5D-3L, and Brief Pain Inventory. The primary outcome was the retear rate in MRI at 12-months follow-up. Secondary outcomes were: characteristics of the retear (at the footprint or at the musculotendinous junction) and clinical outcomes.ResultsSeventy-one subjects were randomized. Two were lost to follow-up, leaving 69 participants available for assessment at 12-months follow-up (33 in the Control group and 36 in the Nanofracture Group). The Nanofracture group had lower retear rates than the Control group (7/36 [19.4%] vs 14/33 [42.4%], differences significant,p = 0.038). Retear rates at the musculotendinous junction were similar but the Nanofracture group had better tendon healing rates to the bone (34/36 [94.4%] vs. 24/33 [66.71%],p = 0.014). Clinically both groups had significant improvements, but no differences were found between groups.ConclusionAdding nanofractures at the footprint during an isolated supraspinatus repair lowers in half the retear rate at 12-months follow-up. This is due to improved healing at the footprint.Level of evidenceLevel I.