bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frontline Science: CD40 signaling restricts RNA virus replication in Mϕs, leading to rapid innate immune control of acute virus infection
Authors: Rogers Kai J , Shtanko Olena , Stunz Laura L , Mallinger Laura N , Arkee Tina , Schmidt Megan E , Bohan Dana , Brunton Bethany , White Judith M , Varga Steve M , Butler Noah S , Bishop Gail A , Maury Wendy 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Many acute viral infections target tissue Mϕs, yet the mechanisms of Mϕ-mediated control of viruses are poorly understood. Here, we report that CD40 expressed by peritoneal Mϕs restricts early infection of a broad range of RNA viruses. Loss of CD40 expression enhanced virus replication as early as 12–24 h of infection and, conversely, stimulation of CD40 signaling with an agonistic Ab blocked infection. With peritoneal cell populations infected with the filovirus, wild-type (WT) Ebola virus (EBOV), or a BSL2 model virus, recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus encoding Ebola virus glycoprotein (rVSV/EBOV GP), we examined the mechanism conferring protection. Here, we demonstrate that restricted virus replication in Mϕs required CD154/CD40 interactions that stimulated IL-12 production through TRAF6-dependent signaling. In turn, IL-12 production resulted in IFN-γ production, which induced proinflammatory polarization of Mϕs, protecting the cells from infection. These CD40-dependent events protected mice against virus challenge. CD40−/− mice were exquisitely sensitive to intraperitoneal challenge with a dose of rVSV/EBOV GP that was sublethal to CD40+/+ mice, exhibiting viremia within 12 h of infection and rapidly succumbing to infection. This study identifies a previously unappreciated role for Mϕ-intrinsic CD40 signaling in controlling acute virus infection.
Systematic analysis of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in salivary glands reveals underlying transmission mechanism caused by SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Song Jukun , Li Yamei , Huang Xiaolin , Chen Zhihong , Li Yongdi , Liu Chong , Chen Zhu , Duan Xiaofeng 
Published: May 2020

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a global pandemic that has caused severe health threats and fatalities in almost all communities. Studies have detected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in saliva with a viral load that lasts for a long period. However, researchers are yet to establish whether SARS‐CoV‐2 can directly enter the salivary glands. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the presence of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/transmembrane serine proteases 2 (TMPRSS2) expression in salivary glands using publicly available databases. The distribution of ACE2 and TMPRSSs family in salivary gland tissue and other tissues was analyzed. The Genotype‐Tissue Expression dataset was employed to explore the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in various body organs and salivary glands in a healthy population. The single‐cell sequencing data for salivary gland samples (including submandibular salivary gland and parotid gland) from mice were collected and analyzed. The components and proportions of salivary gland cells expressing the key protease TMPRSSs family were analyzed. Transcriptome data analysis showed that ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were expressed in salivary glands. The expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were marginal without significant differences in different age groups or between men and women. Single‐cell RNA sequence analysis indicated that TMPRSS2 was mainly expressed in salivary gland epithelial cells. We speculate that SARS‐CoV‐2 may be entered in salivary glands.
Predictors of mortality in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tian Wenjie , Jiang Wanlin , Yao Jie , Nicholson Christopher J. , Li Rebecca H. , Sigurslid Haakon H. , Wooster Luke , Rotter Jerome I. , Guo Xiuqing , Malhotra Rajeev 
Published: May 2020

AbstractMortality rates of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) continue to rise across the world. Information regarding the predictors of mortality in patients with COVID‐19 remains scarce. Herein, we performed a systematic review of published articles, from 1 January to 24 April 2020, to evaluate the risk factors associated with mortality in COVID‐19. Two investigators independently searched the articles and collected the data, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We looked for associations between mortality and patient characteristics, comorbidities, and laboratory abnormalities. A total of 14 studies documenting the outcomes of 4659 patients were included. The presence of comorbidities such as hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1‐3.1; P < .00001), coronary heart disease (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 2.1‐6.9; P < .00001), and diabetes (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.7‐2.3; P < .00001) were associated with significantly higher risk of death amongst patients with COVID‐19. Those who died, compared with those who survived, differed on multiple biomarkers on admission including elevated levels of cardiac troponin (+44.2 ng/L, 95% CI, 19.0‐69.4; P = .0006); C‐reactive protein (+66.3 µg/mL, 95% CI, 46.7‐85.9; P < .00001); interleukin‐6 (+4.6 ng/mL, 95% CI, 3.6‐5.6; P < .00001); D‐dimer (+4.6 µg/mL, 95% CI, 2.8‐6.4; P < .00001); creatinine (+15.3 µmol/L, 95% CI, 6.2‐24.3; P = .001); and alanine transaminase (+5.7 U/L, 95% CI, 2.6‐8.8; P = .0003); as well as decreased levels of albumin (−3.7 g/L, 95% CI, −5.3 to −2.1; P < .00001). Individuals with underlying cardiometabolic disease and that present with evidence for acute inflammation and end‐organ damage are at higher risk of mortality due to COVID‐19 infection and should be managed with greater intensity.
Sex‐dimorphic effects of biogenesis of lysosome‐related organelles complex‐1 deficiency on mouse perinatal brain development
Authors: Lee Frank Y. , Larimore Jennifer , Faundez Victor , Dell’Angelica Esteban C. , Ghiani Cristina A. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe function(s) of the Biogenesis of Lysosome‐related Organelles Complex‐1 (BLOC‐1) during brain development is to date largely unknown. Here, we investigated how its absence alters the trajectory of postnatal brain development using as model the pallid mouse. Most of the defects observed early postnatally in the mutant mice were more prominent in males than in females and in the hippocampus. Male mutant mice, but not females, had smaller brains as compared to sex‐matching wild types at postnatal day 1 (P1), this deficit was largely recovered by P14 and P45. An abnormal cytoarchitecture of the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus was observed in P1 pallid male, but not female, or juvenile mice (P45), along with severely decreased expression levels of the radial glial marker Glutamate‐Aspartate Transporter. Transcriptomic analyses showed that the overall response to the lack of functional BLOC‐1 was more pronounced in hippocampi at P1 than at P45 or in the cerebral cortex. These observations suggest that absence of BLOC‐1 renders males more susceptible to perinatal brain maldevelopment and although most abnormalities appear to have been resolved in juvenile animals, still permanent defects may be present, resulting in faulty neuronal circuits, and contribute to previously reported cognitive and behavioral phenotypes in adult BLOC‐1‐deficient mice.
Commuting spillover: A systematic review and agenda for research
Authors: Calderwood Charles , Mitropoulos Tanya 
Published: May 2020

SummaryCommuting is a central activity of life that cuts across industries and occupations. Because a large majority of employees commute to work, organizational scholars have long been interested in the relevance of commuting to organizational life. This interest forms the foundation of a research tradition to understand commuting spillover, which reflects interrelationships between commuting and work experiences. Unfortunately, commuting spillover investigations have historically been fractured across publications in the management, psychology, transportation, and ergonomics communities, impeding understanding of the nature and implications of commuting spillover for organizational stakeholders. We conduct a systematic review to identify what is known and unknown about commuting spillover, attending to both between‐ and within‐person approaches to studying this process. This effort yields five major conclusions emerging from the commuting spillover literature, as well as the identification of two frequently investigated topics that have yielded few clear findings within this research base. This knowledge synthesis is used to develop an agenda for the next wave of commuting spillover research that aims to extend this research base while resolving inconsistencies observed in past research. We conclude with calls for methodological advancement and theory development on the commuting spillover topic.
Optimal timing of surgery for bronchial sleeve resection after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Koryllos Aris , Lopez‐Pastorini Alberto , Zalepugas Donatas , Galetin Thomas , Ludwig Corinna , Hammer‐Hellmig Michaela , Stoelben Erich 
Published: May 2020

AbstractIntroductionSleeve resection is an established oncological operative treatment for centrally located tumors with reduced complications compared to pneumonectomy. In cases of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, the optimal timing of surgery for bronchial anastomotic healing has not been adequately explored.Materials and MethodsBetween 2006 and 2017, 584 tracheobronchial sleeve resections were retrospectively analyzed. We selected all patients (n = 88) after sleeve lobectomy or sleeve bilobectomy for lung cancer with fully completed neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Bronchial healing was assessed by bronchoscopy on the 7th postoperative day using our earlier published classification from grades 1 to 5.ResultsThe median interval to surgery was 50 days (interquartile range 46‐53, mean 50.03 ± 3.72). Mean anastomotic grade was 2.05 ± 1.03 and in 29.5% of the patients a critical anastomosis (grade ≥3) was documented. Anastomotic healing showed optimal results (bronchoscopic grade mean value: 1.5 ± 0.70) between the 6th and 8th postchemoradiotherapy week (P = .001). All patients operated before (bronchoscopic grade mean value: 2.3 ± 1.02) or after the above period (bronchoscopic grade mean value: 2.5 ± 1.15) had an increased ratio of anastomotic healing complications.ConclusionIt is safer to perform sleeve‐resections for non‐small cell lung cancer after neoadjuvant trimodal treatment between the 6th and 8th week of completion of chemoradiotherapy.
Surgeon and patient perceptions of cure in advanced gastrointestinal malignancies: Are we on the same page?
Authors: Lafaro Kelly J. , Li Arthur , Rodriguez Jenny , Clark Karen , Loscalzo Matthew , Wong F. Lennie , Melstrom Laleh G. , Warner Susanne G. 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesEffective communication is essential to complex shared decision making and is associated with improved recovery and pain control. However, patients and surgeons often have disparate expectations of treatment efficacy and perceptions of cure for advanced malignancies. This study measures correlation of patient and surgeon expectations with perceptions of cure.MethodsOur prospective study surveying surgeon‐patient dyads before and after surgical consultation was performed for advanced abdominal malignancy between July and November 2017 at a single NCI designated cancer center using electronic questionnaires.ResultsPatients and surgeons' own opinions regarding surgical candidacy (Q1), chance at cure (Q2), and life expectancy (Q3) did not measurably change from pre‐ to postvisit survey as evidenced by unchanged response concordance (patients Q1 P = .82; Q2 P = .81; and Q3 P = .53; surgeon responses Q1: P = .17; Q2: P = .32; and Q3: P = .50). Patient and surgeon perception of likelihood of cure and of estimated life expectancy remained discordant in pre‐ and postvisit surveys (Q2: P = .006 and Q3: P = .03).ConclusionsThese data highlight the stark differences between patient and surgeon perceptions of cure and prognosis of gastrointestinal cancers. These results prove that a larger scale study using this electronic questionnaire is feasible and important to better understand these differences and enhance shared decision making.
Screening gas‐phase chemical kinetic models: Collision limit compliance and ultrafast timescales
Authors: Yalamanchi Kiran K. , Tingas Efstathios‐Al , Im Hong G. , Sarathy S. Mani 
Published: May 2020

AbstractDetailed gas‐phase chemical kinetic models are widely used in combustion research, and many new mechanisms for different fuels and reacting conditions are developed each year. Recent works have highlighted the need for error checking when preparing such models, but a useful community tool to perform such analysis is missing. In this work, we present a simple online tool to screen chemical kinetic mechanisms for bimolecular reactions exceeding collision limits. The tool is implemented on a user‐friendly website, cloudflame.kaust.edu.sa, and checks three different classes of bimolecular reactions; (ie, pressure independent, pressure‐dependent falloff, and pressure‐dependent PLOG). In addition, two other online modules are provided to check thermodynamic properties and transport parameters to help kinetic model developers determine the sources of errors for reactions that are not collision limit compliant. Furthermore, issues related to unphysically fast timescales can remain an issue even if all bimolecular reactions are within collision limits. Therefore, we also present a procedure to screen ultrafast reaction timescales using computational singular perturbation. For demonstration purposes only, three versions of the rigorously developed AramcoMech are screened for collision limit compliance and ultrafast timescales, and recommendations are made for improving the models. Larger models for biodiesel surrogates, tetrahydropyran, and gasoline surrogates are also analyzed for exemplary purposes. Numerical simulations with updated kinetic parameters are presented to show improvements in wall‐clock time when resolving ultrafast timescales.
Risk Assessment and Early Mobilization Pathway Following Pediatric Tracheostomy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sioshansi Pedrom C. , Byrne Eilish , Freccero Allison , Meister Kara D. , Sidell Douglas R. 
Published: May 2020

Objectives/HypothesisTo confirm the standard of care pertaining to postoperative mobilization practices following initial tracheostomy, to establish face validity of novel early mobilization tools, and to conduct a safety and feasibility pilot study.Study DesignMulti‐institutional survey and prospective cohort study.MethodsExperts at our tertiary‐care children's hospital developed an Early Pediatric Mobility Pathway for tracheostomy patients utilizing a novel risk‐assessment tool. Surveys were distributed to professional colleagues in similar children's hospitals to establish face validity and incorporate respondent feedback. Additional surveys were disseminated to tertiary‐care children's hospitals across the country to establish the current standard of care, and a pilot study was conducted.ResultsSeventy‐seven percent of respondents from tertiary hospitals across the country confirmed the standard of care to defer mobilization until the first trach change. Greater than 83% of the respondents used to establish face validity of the tools agreed with the clinical components and scoring structure. The safety and feasibility of early mobilization prior to initial trach change was confirmed with a pilot of 10 pediatric patients without any adverse events.ConclusionsMobilization of pediatric patients prior to initial trach change is feasible and can be safe when risk factors are assessed by a multidisciplinary team.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E653–E658, 2021
The Pediatric Sinus Staging System: A Computed Tomography–Based Approach to Grading Pediatric Sinus Disease
Authors: Melder Katie , Shaffer Amber , Govil Nandini , Stapleton Amanda 
Published: May 2020

Objectives/HypothesisPediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent disease with few objective measurements available to predict which patients will require surgical intervention. The Lund‐Mackay (LM) score for computed tomography (CT) scans is one objective data point available for the adult population; however, a dedicated scoring system in the pediatric population has not been popularized. We present a Pediatric Sinus Staging System (PSSS) that considers both opacification and the varying developmental stages of each sinus.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsWe analyzed CT scans of pediatric patients with a diagnosis of CRS. Both LM and PSSS scores were calculated for each scan. Groups were formed based on treatment outcomes and included patients who were treated successfully with medical therapy and/or adenoidectomy (med/adenoid), patients who required functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), and patients who required revision FESS.ResultsOverall, 76 patient scans were reviewed. PSSS values were significantly less than LM for the control group (P = .001) and significantly higher for patients with cystic fibrosis (P = .027) and with CRS with polyps (P = .001). The ideal cutoff for PSSS to distinguish between med/adenoid and single FESS treatment with a sensitivity 90.6% and specificity of 50.0% was ≥2.ConclusionsThe PSSS gives a more descriptive score by accounting for the opacification and pneumatization of each sinus. Our current results show similar values between PSSS and LM scores, which suggests internal validity. In addition, a PSSS score of ≥2 may help physicians better counsel families on the likelihood of requiring FESS. Further investigation is needed to fully validate the PSSS.Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 131:E642–E648, 2021
Clinical and genetic analysis of lipoprotein glomerulopathy patients caused by APOE mutations
Authors: Yang Mingxin , Weng Qinjie , Pan Xiaoxia , Hussain Hafiz Muhammad Jafar , Yu Shuwen , Xu Jing , Yu Xialian , Liu Yunzi , Jin Yuanmeng , Zhang Chunli , Li Xiao , Ren Hong , Chen Nan , Xie Jingyuan 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundLipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG) is a rare kidney disease caused by APOE mutations. The aim of this study was to correlate the genetic and clinical features of LPG.MethodsTotally eight LPG patients were recruited in this study and Sanger sequencing of APOE was performed for all available family members. Clinical and histological features were analyzed. A literature review of LPG was also conducted.ResultsGenetic analysis revealed five patients with APOE‐Kyoto, two with APOE‐Osaka/Kurashiki, and one with APOE‐Chicago mutations. LPG patients with urine protein reduced more than 50% had a slower decrease in renal function than those with less urine protein reduction (estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction rate −5.0 ± 0.8 vs. 1.5 ± 0.7 ml/min per 1.73 m2⋅month−1, p = .03). We then enrolled 95 LPG patients from previous studies and this study. LPG patients had higher blood pressure (mean arterial pressure: 109.4 ± 19.4 vs. 94.4 ± 11.1 mmHg, p < .001) than the control group. Interestingly, patients with APOE mutations in the LDL receptor binding region had higher serum apolipoprotein E (apoE) levels [ln(apoE): 2.7 ± 0.4 vs. 2.0 ± 0.5 mg/dl, p < .001] in comparison to other domains.ConclusionHere, we report for the first time APOE‐Osaka/Kurashiki and APOE‐Chicago mutations in the Chinese population. LPG was associated with higher blood pressure and serum apoE levels were higher in patients with mutations in LDL receptor binding region. In addition, the findings further indicated that treatment of proteinuria might slow down renal function progression in these patients.
Novel homozygous CLN3 missense variant in isolated retinal dystrophy: A case report and electron microscopic findings
Authors: Mizobuchi Kei , Hayashi Takaaki , Yoshitake Kazutoshi , Fujinami Kaoru , Tachibana Toshiaki , Tsunoda Kazushige , Iwata Takeshi , Nakano Tadashi 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundBiallelic CLN3 gene variants have been found in either juvenile‐onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) or isolated retinal dystrophy. It has been reported that most JNCL patients carry a common 1.02‐kb deletion variant homozygously. Clinical characteristics of patients with biallelic CLN3 missense variants are not well elucidated.MethodsWe described a 26‐year‐old Japanese male patient with isolated retinal dystrophy. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed.ResultsWhole‐exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous CLN3 missense variant [c.482C>T; p.(Ser161Leu)]. Ophthalmoscopy revealed retinal degeneration and macular atrophy, and later attenuated retinal vessels. Severely reduced responses were observed in both rod and cone electroretinograms. In TEM of the patient's lymphocytes, fingerprint profiles, which are specific findings in CLN3‐associated JNCL, were observed in 16/624 (2.56%) lymphocytes of the patient, who has never exhibited neurological signs during the 13‐year follow‐up period.ConclusionOur results indicated that this novel CLN3 missense variant is associated with teenage‐onset isolated retinal dystrophy. This is the first report of any patient with CLN3‐associated disorder in the Japanese population. Although fingerprint profiles have never been reported in CLN3‐associated isolated retinal dystrophy, these profiles were observed, albeit infrequently, suggesting that frequency of the fingerprint profiles might depend on variant types.
Associations between effort, importance, and self‐monitoring during and after a 12‐week behavioural weight management program
Authors: Eastman Abraham , Dixon Brittney N. , Ross Kathryn M. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryObjectiveSelf‐monitoring of weight and caloric intake has been associated with improved weight loss and weight loss maintenance in behavioural weight loss programs; however, participants' adherence to self‐monitoring tends to decrease over time. To identify potential barriers to self‐monitoring adherence, the current study examined week‐to‐week associations between ratings of perceived effort, relative importance of weight loss goals, and adherence to self‐monitoring of weight and caloric intake during and after a behavioural weight loss programme.MethodParticipants were 74 adults with overweight and obesity enrolled in a 12‐week, Internet‐based weight loss programme followed by a 40‐week “maintenance” period during which no additional intervention was provided. Participants self‐reported adherence to self‐monitoring and completed ratings of effort and importance on a study website weekly throughout the study period (1 year).ResultsLongitudinal multilevel models demonstrated that higher ratings of effort were associated with fewer days of self‐monitoring of weight, β = −0.100, p < .0001, and caloric intake, β = −0.300, p < .0001. Conversely, higher ratings of importance were associated with more frequent self‐monitoring of weight, β = 0.360, p < .0001, and caloric intake, β = 0.742, p < .0001. Moreover, the magnitude of these associations were stronger during the maintenance period than during initial intervention, ps < .01.ConclusionsPerceptions of effort and importance are both independently associated with adherence to self‐monitoring weight and caloric intake, and this effect appears to be stronger after the end of initial intervention. Future research should investigate whether tailoring intervention content based on these constructs can improve adherence to self‐monitoring.