bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive test of rhizobacteria as biostimulant, vesicular arbuscular mycorhizza (VAM) and graded dose of NPK fertilizer on the growth of bok choy (Brassica rapa L.)
Authors: Widawati S , Suliasih  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Collaboration test of rhizobacteria as biostimulant, vesicular arbuscular mycorhizza (VAM) and graded dose of NPK fertilizer was a preliminary experiment to re-fertilize marginal soils. The objective of this experiment was to obtain the suitable collaboration of rhizobacteria as biostimulant, VAM and NPK dose that effectively supports the productivity of the growth media (zeolite) and the growth of bok choy plants. The experiments design was RCD factorial with 2 treatments which were NPK dose (0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 %) and microbial biostimulant. Rhizobacteria acting as biostimulant used were nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) (Azospirillum sp., Azotobacter sp., Rhizobium radiobacter InaCCB835), phosphate solubilization bacteria (PSB) (Serratia sp., Klebsiella variicola InaCC B827, Mangrovibacter plantisponsor InaCC B841, Tolumonas osonensis InaCCB831) and VAM. Each treatment, including control, was repeated 3 times. Bok choy seeds from each treatment were planted individually on zeolite media and grown in a greenhouse for 40 days. The results showed that the treatment of MIXN1 (NFB + PSB + VAM + NPK 25%) and MIXN2 (NFB + PSB + VAM + NPK 50%) were effective collaborations of biostimulating rhizobacteria, VAM and NPK dose on supporting the fertility of growth media with the number of rhizobacteria of 107 cfu g-1 zeolite and supporting optimization of bok choy plant growth and the percentage of bok choy root colonization by VAM with a very high level of infection.
WRF Sensitivity to Simulate EMP in the Diurnal Cycle of Precipitation over the North Coast of West Java
Authors: Yulihastin E , Fauziah I R , Hadi T W 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Early Morning Precipitation (EMP) over coastal region is an uncommon pattern in the diurnal cycle due to land-see breeze regular mechanism. This phase shift of diurnal cycle could hinder a numerical weather prediction to capture precipitation. This study aims to investigate sensitivity of WRF model on simulating EMP over north coast of West Java. Some cases (26 January 2006, 4 February 2008) representing heavy precipitation have been simulated in capturing EMP over the north coast of West Java to examine model sensitivity on convection scheme and domain size. The results showed the Betts-Miller-Janjic (BMJ) scheme could simulate EMP quite well on phase, whereas the Kain-Fritsch (KF) scheme capture out of phase on diurnal cycle. For model sensitivity on domain size, the larger domain displayed more realistically in phase to simulate EMP. For synoptic condition during heavy precipitation, it appeared that Cross Equatorial Northerly Surge (CENS) which is enhanced by South China Sea-Cold Tongue (SCS-CT) played main role to develop EMP.
Flood Inundation Mapping Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Data Single Polarization: A Case Study of Flood in Lake Tempe, South Sulawesi-Indonesia
Authors: Febrianti N , Yulianto F , Arda M , Haryani N 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Remote sensing data can be used to help disaster management and environmental management because this data has advantages in terms of speed, is more efficient, can reach large and remote areas. Aside from that, it has consistency in measurement, can make repeated measurements, and has measurable accuracy. Floods in Lake Tempe occur almost every year due to overflowing of Lake Tempe. This research will detect flood inundation from Sentinel-1 data with single-polarization of flooding in Lake Tempe, South Sulawesi. The data used were Sentinel-1 data before flooding (2 May 2018) and after flooding (26 May 2018). The Single polarization of the Sentinel-1 can be used very well to identify floods event. The difference of input band uses the threshold of -6, and enables smoothing of 10. Utilization of tidal junction between Lake Tempe and Lake Sidenreng for agriculture and settlement has caused flooding due to lake water overflowing in the rainy season. This single polarization method can already be used in flooded areas, although in some locations it is still overestimates.
Evaluation of planetary boundary layer schemes on weather research forecasting by using intensive observation at kototabang
Authors: Fathrio I , Lasmono F , Risyanto  , Juaeni I 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This study examined Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulation with different closure type of Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) in six PBL schemes. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of PBL scheme in representing the vertical profile of the atmosphere over Kototabang. Intensive observation during boreal spring in 2002 using radiosonde and Automatic Weather Station (AWS) provided were used to verify the results of WRF. Our finding showed that most of PBL scheme successfully simulated diurnal variations of PBL, temperature and relative humidity. However, the bias in magnitude were found during the daytime. This study shows that ACM2, applying mixed local and non-local closure type, performed more realistic temperature and relative humidity profile with minimum bias compared to other schemes.
Variability and sensitivity of stability indices at Kototabang (West Sumatera, Indonesia)
Authors: Juaeni I , Risyanto  , Fathrio I , Harjana T , Trismidianto  
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Stability index data obtained from the Radiosonde launch at the Space and Atmospheric Observation Station Agam District (West Sumatera-Indonesia) in 30 August to 2 September 2016 (three times launches a day), 5 March to 9 March 2018 (twice launches a day) and 29 April to 2 May 2019 (once launch a day) used Vaisala RS41-SG. The purpose of this study was to investigate the stability indices variations and finding the best indicators for convective disturbances at Kototabang in the tropical region. The stability indices studied were CINH, CAPE, K-index, Ko-index, S-index, SI, LI, TT-index, and the values of temperature, pressure, and height of the stability layers (LCL, LFC, CCL, and EL). K-index, S-index, and TT-index indicated that atmospheric conditions were always unstable. The indices fluctuated slightly as well as temperatures and pressures at stability level. While CAPE, Ko-Index, LI, SI, CINH, temperature and pressure of EL, and the elevations of LCL, LFC, CCL, El were very fluctuating and showed clearly the stable and unstable conditions. Three different observation periods produced three sets of characters for each index. Based on variability analysis and two assessment derived CAPE, CINH, SI and EL-Z can be used as the rainfall predictors.
Application of Time-Series Sentinel-1A for Land Deformation in Central Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Jefriza  , Yusoff Izham Mohamad , Abir Ismail Ahmad , Syahreza Saumi , Rusdi Muhammad , Razi Pakhrul , Lateh Habibah 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Several decorrelation phenomena of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) have led researchers to develop various multitemporal InSAR (MT-InSAR) techniques with the application of time series/stack of images. In this study, we present the land surface movement monitoring using MT-InSAR techniques in the Central of Aceh-Indonesia, and focus on the temporal and spatial pattern of uplift and subsidence by using multi InSAR methods such as Quasi-Persistent Scatterer (Q-PS) and Small Baseline Subset (SBAS). A total of 18 scenes of Sentinel-1A(S-1A) and 14 scenes of ALOS PALSAR-1(PALSAR-1) images were acquired between 2018 and 2019, as well as 2007 and 2010, where then the multitemporal methods and techniques were applied sequentially to a set of those data. The results showed that the either the S-1A and PALSAR-1 velocity subsidence at Nunang and Musara Alun villages were range from 2.4 to 5.7 and 0.6 to 2.3 mm/year, respectively which corresponded to the results obtained by other research publication. The deformation in Central Aceh needs continuous monitoring using InSAR as the place is a landslide prone area because of the nature of the terrain.
Kinetics of soursop leaves antioxidant extraction using microwave-assisted extraction
Authors: Megawati  , Fardhyanti D S , Widjanarko D , Hanifah  , Bungsu G M , Rizky M H F 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to study the kinetics of soursop leaves antioxidant extraction using microwave-assisted extraction. The kinetics was approached by a homogeneous mechanism using the first and second-order rate law. The extraction was conducted with ethanol as the solvent (1:13 v/v) using a modified microwave oven operated at various powers (300, 450, and 600 W) for 2-10 minutes. The soursop leaves extraction with ethanol using microwave-assisted extraction obtained a maximum yield of 33.98% (with total phenol of 24.10 mgGAE/g extract) at 600 W and 8 minutes. The kinetics of soursop leaves antioxidant extraction can be quantitatively described by the homogeneous rate law, where the second-order model is better than the first one. The extraction capacity and constant rate increase as the microwave power does. At 300, 450, and 600 W, respectively, the extraction capacities were about 500, 588, and 667 mg/l and the constant rates were 8.5 × 10-4, 9 × 10-4, and 1.18 × 10-3 l/mg/min.
Properties of polyvinyl alcohol composite filled Ampel bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) microfibrils fibrillated by mechanical treatment
Authors: Prasetiyo K W , Fakhruzy  , Kusumaningrum W B 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Composite for food packaging is mostly made from petroleum-based synthetic polymers that require a long period to be degraded naturally. This condition encourages the study of the use of cellulose microfibrils or organic materials as fillers and reinforcement for food packaging composites to reduce the dominance of synthetic polymers. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol composites with fibrillated cellulose microfibrils from Ampel bamboo pulp (Bambusa vulgaris), both bleached and un-bleached. Pulp from Ampel bamboo produced by the soda process was fibrillated using a disc refiner in 10, 20, and 30 times repetition variations. Microfibril concentration of 0.1 wt% dry based on the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. Composite preparation was carried out by dissolving polyvinyl alcohol using a hot plate stirrer at 80 °C, 300 rpm for 30 minutes. The composite solution is poured in a mold measuring 20 × 16 × 0.1 cm. Morphology characteristics from microfibrils were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical characteristics tested with UTM Shimadzu 1 kN in accordance to ASTM D 882-75b standard. PVA composites filled with cellulose microfibrils from bleached Ampel bamboo pulp have better mechanical characteristics than composites with unbleached pulp. Mechanical treatment in various replications in the disc refiner machine can increase tensile strength, tensile modulus, and composite elongation.
Rural Livelihood Strategies in Sumatra After the Implementation of ‘ASEAN 2020 Haze Free Policy’ (Case Study: Lebung Gajah Community, Ogan Komering Ilir, South Sumatera)
Authors: Zulfah AA , Howitzerni RC , Afryansyah  , Abdurrahim AY , Ramli M , Rahiem MDH 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A series of regulations to realize ‘the ASEAN Haze Free Policy in 2020’ have been made, starting from the international level to the local level, including the ban on the use of fire for traditional agricultural land clearing (sonor) that was commonly used by rural communities in Sumatra. This study analyzes the livelihood strategies of rural communities after the issuance of the policy. The data used are primary and secondary. Primary data were collected through interviews, FGDs, and field observations in June-August 2019 at the district level (Ogan Komering Ilir District), community and member of the community (household) in Lebung Gajah Village, Tulung Selapan Sub-District. On the other hand, the secondary data were conducted during January-September 2019. Analysis conducted using the Scoones’ Sustainable Livelihood Approach found that to ensure the sustainability of their livelihoods, various households in the rural community carried out strategies: (1) agriculture intensification (‘Kebun Pangan Mandiri Program’), (2) livelihood diversification (raising livestock, catching fish, building swallow houses, & becoming construction worker), and (3) activating women’s groups (household financial and business management). In implementing their strategies, they exchange their access to livelihood assets that are owned and available through social institutions and formal organizations in the village.
Simulation of Transient Liquid Phase Bonding Process and the Influence of Interlayer Thickness
Authors: Benita B. , Samuvel Prem Kumar D.S. , Pravin R. , Hynes N.Samuel Dinesh , Sujana J.Angela Jennifa 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Ceramic/metal joints are possible with silid state joining techniques. Transient liquid phase bonding is a solid state joining process which is choice process. In this paper, numerical simulation of TLP bonding of ceramic/metal is done by Finite Element simulation. The finite element analysis of the TLP process provides the temperature and residual stress distribution during the bonding. Aluminium sheet as interlayer having high wettability is used. Transient thermal analysis is performed and discussed.
Study of Cutting Forces and Prediction of Surface Quality Analysis Using Neural Network Model, Support Vector Regression Model by Various Textured Tool Condition for Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Arulkirubakaran D. , Prince R. MalkiyaRasaline , kumar R. Monish , Aravinthkumar S. , Joshva C. Andrew 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
To evaluate the performance of the textured tool on surface quality with three different types of the textured pattern using Wire-Cut Electrical Discharge Machining (W-EDM) on tungsten carbide cutting tools with two different groove depth dimensions 100 μm& 200μm respectively and the tools are coated with both TiN and TiAlN using Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) technique. Surface roughness is predicted using the Support Vector Regression, multilayer Artificial Neural Network model (ANN) model. ANN training is carried out with a pure line transfer function and backpropagation algorithm. Easy off machining and good surface finish are achieved through TiAlN coated tool with linear texture along the perpendicular to chip flow direction than the tools considered for experimental and predicted conditions.
Tribological and thermogravimetric analysis of pineapple fibre reinforced epoxy composite
Authors: Mercy J Lilly , Parmar Daniel Samuel , Srivastava Shlok 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Natural fibre composites are preferred for various static and dynamic applications owing to its biodegradable capacity and strength. Pineapple fibres obtained by the retting process from pineapple leaf were successfully reinforced with epoxy resin with different fibre volume percentage. The wear rate and the thermogravimetric analysis of the polymer composite were studied. It was discovered that 30% reinforcement of pineapple fibre resulted in better wear and higher glass transition temperature due to the optimal fibre volume fraction and enough wetting of the resin on the fibre.
Effect of Load and Sliding Distance on Tribological Properties of Aisi 1040 Steel by Magnetron Sputtered Ti-6Al-4V Coating
Authors: Prince R. Malkiya Rasalin , Arulkirubakaran D. , Naveen V. , Paulraj J. Allan , Raja S. Arokkia Julius 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
In the present study, Ti-6Al-4V-2B4C coatings are deposited using a DC magnetron sputtering system on AISI 1040 steel substrates. The composition and elemental confirmation of the coating was explored by SEM, XRD and EDS. Wear and friction tests were trained to study the influence of sliding distance and load on tribological behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V-2B4C coated AISI 1040 steel for machine elements. Wear tests were performed on coated AISI 1040 steel substrates counter to E-52100 steel balls by using a ball-on-disc wear testing apparatus under 2N and 3N normal loads at room temperature. The different sliding distances (63, 78, 94 and 110 m) has taken for wear test under room temperature and low coefficient of friction obtained for higher sliding distance and load. Ti-6Al-4V-2B4C coated AISI 1040 steel reduces the frictional coefficient from 0.65 to 0.23 and improves the wear resistance. Specific wear rate of the coating reaches the maximum value with higher sliding distance. On the outset, it is clearly showing that the formation of oxide layers of Ti-6Al-4V-2B4C coatings mainly affects its tribological characteristics.
An experimental study of drilling parameters and determination of ovality during the drilling of grade 5 titanium alloy with TiN coated carbide drill tools
Authors: Joy Nivin , Prakash S. , Harsha Guggilapu Sri , Krishnamoorthy A. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Titanium is particularly a hard to cut element. Alloys of Titanium are also regarded as hard-to-machine materials. Out of many machining operations on Titanium, drilling is treated as very important operation as it is crucial in many applications. Drilling is normally considered among the final steps of fabrication of parts and has critical economic importance. Hence it is desirable to develop an economical and feasible drilling process for Titanium alloy and improve the effectiveness of current methods since even a small mistake in the drilling operation can lead to throwing away the entire part and having to replace the entire part. On account of above facts, an experimental trial has been made to study the machining aspects during drilling of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The primary aim of this research paper is to study various issues in drilling holes on grade 5 Titanium alloy with Titanium Nitride (TiN) coated carbide tool. Drill bits are selected in varying diameters and drilling procedure is carried out under different feed rates and speed. The output responses measured are temperature, thrust force and torque which are analyzed and studied. Also, the hole quality is studied by measuring the Hole Ovality on a profile projector. FESEM of drill bits is carried out to analyze the pattern of wear occurred on drill bits while drilling.
Tribological Behaviour of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites – A Review
Authors: Ashok Kumar R , Karthick K , Jayasuriya R , Aswin Kumar J , Balaji Karthik V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
An examination of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (AMMCs) dry sliding wear activities reinforced with reinforcements along with carbides, oxides, and nitrides. However, from the analysis, the method adopted for the composite processing plays a crucial role in achieving a uniform homogeneous composition. Preparation of base metal and reinforcement powders plays a vital role in the process of powder metallurgy, improving wettability between reinforcement particles and molten base metal in liquid metallurgy is a difficult task. AMMCs wear activity is based on different test parameters. As mechanical and tribochemical are the process involved in substance removal during dry sliding wear is subdivided into groups. The loss of reinforcement from the AMMCs through sliding wear decreases the wear rate due to abrasion by three parts. The use of solid lubricant decreases wear severity through the formation of a tribolayer between the rubbing surface. Optimizing the wear intensity is through the use of suitable replacements with optimal lubricants.
Experimental and Numerical Studies of Thermal Energy Storage using Paraffin Wax Phase Change Materials
Authors: Thirumaniraj R.R. , Muninathan K. , Kumar V. Ashok , Paul B. Jerickson , Rajendran Rahul R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The main idea of this work is to design and analyze efficient storage of thermal energy using phase change material. Solar energy is a readily available and renewable source of energy. It is also a clean energy as it does not emit carbon dioxide. However maximum utilization of solar energy is not possible without the use of thermal energy storage (TES). This thermal storage system can form an integral part of solar heating system. In this work a TES tank is designed and fabricated. Paraffin wax is the phase change material used. It is encased in stainless steel balls. The high specific heat capacity of PCM is used to store latent heat which can be used any time. Temperature measurements are taken using T-type thermocouple along with indicator. Numerical analysis is done using the CFD software Ansys Fluent.
This work mainly focuses to find the solution for the mismatch of abundant solar energy available during daytime and non-availability of energy during night-time. This project work also forms a part of a wider study to explore the possibility of PCMs to store the energy during off-peak load and releases the same during peak load. In several countries, during the daytime the load will be at peak level which leads to high cost for production. Therefore, cost saving can be achieved if heat pumps can be operated during the off-peak periods to store heat for use during the peak periods.
Analysis of the non-isothermal resin impregnation process of carbon fibre reinforced composite wing spar structure
Authors: Maung Pyi Phyo , Malysheva G V , Htet Tun Lin , Drobyshev G V 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This paper presents non-isothermal resin impregnation process of high-performance light weight composite wing spar structure for trainer aircrafts. The manufacturing process of the spar is simulated in PAM-RTM software. In this research developed a reliable model of resin impregnation process simulation to determine the exact infusion time and optimize the resin inlet ports for large scale aircraft structure without using the expensive trial and error experimental approches. The work reported the use of different heating temperature processes to manufacture wing spar from carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite laminates by using VARI. The influence of heating temperature during the infusion stage on the resin viscosity and impregnation time was analyzed. These results indicate that a proper heating temperature during the infusion process is necessary for quality control and manufacturing time reduction. The error between theoretical simulation and experimental studies is no more than 10%.
Composites Based on Carbon Tapes with a Copper coating Based on Organic and Inorganic Matrices
Authors: Nelyub V A 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The results of experimental investigations into the impregnating kinetics when using the carbon tape with copper coating according to the magnetron sputtering technology are presented. The epoxy and aluminum-boron phosphate materials are used as binders. The composites based on these binders are evaluated by characteristics of porosity, matrix content, and thermal stability. It is established that metallization insignificantly affects the thermal stability but does not make it possible to increase the impregnation rate and leads to lowering the composite porosity.