bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccine hesitancy in India-the challenges: a review
Authors: S. Gopalakrishnan , P. Sujitha 
Published: October 2020

Immunization is the most cost-effective scientific method of reducing childhood morbidity and mortality. In India the national immunization programme has not been able to attain complete coverage of the eligible children and hence mortality due to vaccine preventable diseases is approximately 5 lakhs annually. Every year, 89 lakhs children are at risk to develop vaccine preventable diseases due to lack of immunization. While most people vaccinate according to the recommended schedule, this success is challenged by individuals and groups who delay, hesitant or refuse vaccines due to various reasons. Despite the realization of compulsory scheduling of vaccines, there are an alarming number of parents who do not permit the vaccination of their children as scheduled. Vaccine hesitancy refers to a delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite the availability of vaccination services. WHO in 2019 listed vaccine hesitancy as one of the ten global health threats. The recent vaccination coverage evaluation studies have shown that there is a perceptible drop in the vaccine coverage in most parts of India and also that the disparity in the urban-rural coverage is also widening. Hence an evaluation of the reasons for vaccine hesitancy is vital at present to strengthen the universal immunization program. The authors are trying to trace the present status and reasons for vaccine hesitancy reported in recent times, which can lead to outbreaks of already controlled vaccine preventable diseases and to identify strategies which are being implemented to overcome the vaccine hesitancy.
Evaluating the Immune Response of Recombinant H1N1 Hemagglutinin with MF59 Adjuvant in Animal Model as a Novel Alternative to the Influenza Vaccine
Authors: Rashedi Niloufar , Taghizadeh Morteza , Mohamadynejad Parisa , Mahdavi Mehdi , Jalalirad Reza 
Published: October 2020

The H1N1 influenza virus is known as a serious pandemic threat across the globe. Vaccination is one of the most effective methods of protection against this virus and the way to reduce the seasonal pandemic risk. The commercial vaccine does not adequately respond to pandemic strains. This study examines the potential function of formulated H1N1 hemagglutinin with MF59 adjuvant against A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). To this end, a recombinant hemagglutinin (rHA) gene of influenza A virus was designed and expressed in SF9 cell by the Baculovirus expression system. Four groups of mice were immunized by rHA in combination with MF59, Alum adjuvant, and virus split only. The immunized mice subsequently used for the humoral immune assay and the results compared with untreated mice (negative group). Besides, both treated and control mice groups were challenged with mouse-adapted influenza virus A/PR/8/34(H1N1) through the intranasal drop. Bodyweight, survival, temperature variation, and the medical conditions of the samples were assessed. Mice immunized with the recombinant protein demonstrated a humoral response to the influenza A virus. Upon virus challenging, co-administration of rHA with MF59 adjuvant could lead to 92% survival of the vaccinated mice within 10 days. The MF59-treated group showed slight weight loss and high-temperature body two weeks after infection. This group also displayed a higher hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titer as compared to the group vaccinated with virus split, and Alum adjuvant. Altogether, the results showed that the recombinant protein with the MF59 adjuvant created better safety than the Alum adjuvant, thereby can be considered as a safe and reliable vaccine against the H1N1 virus for further investigations.
Resiliensi dan Kemiskinan: Studi Kasus
Authors: Rasmanah Manah 
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap gambaran resiliensi mahasiswa yang mengalami kesulitan ekonomi dan faktor yang mempengaruhi. Jenis penelitian ini kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Subjek penelitian adalah seorang mahasiswa yang mengalami kesulitan ekonomi tetapi berprestasi akademik sebagai sumber primer dan seorang teman dekat subjek dan saudara kandung subjek sebagai sumber data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan observasi. Data dianalisa menggunakan teknik analisis studi kasus menurut Robert K Yin yang terdiri dari penjodohan pola, eksplanasi dan deret waktu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa memiliki resiliensi dalam menghadapi kesulitan ekonomi yang ditandai dengan kemampuan regulasi emosi, self efficacy yakni memiliki inisiatif, mampu menyelesaikan masalah, kreatif dan bertanggung jawab, optimis, mampu menganalisa masalah, memiliki motivasi berprestasi, mampu mengenali potensi diri, memiliki modal kesuksean dan telah memiliki pencapaian (prestasi akademik). Faktor yang mempengaruhi resiliensi adalah faktor internal berupa, keterampilan sosial, empati, konsep diri positif, self-efficacy dan self esteem, memiliki rasa kebermaknaan yakni optimism, motivasi, minat, sistem keyakinan dan karakter yang humoris. Sedangkan faktor eksternal dipengaruhi oleh dukungan keluarga dan teman, norma keluarga dan rule model.resiliensi, kemiskinan, mahasiswa
Microbial potentiometric sensor technology for real-time detecting and monitoring of toxic metals in aquatic matrices
Authors: Brown Frank C. , Burge Scott R. , Hristovski Kiril D. , Burge Russell G. , Taylor Evan , Hoffman David A. 
Published: October 2020

Considering that toxic metals can affect metabolic processes in microorganisms adversely, it can be hypothesized that these metals in water matrices would induce a decrease in metabolic activity of the biofilm microorganisms populating the surface of a sensing electrode, which could be registered as a change in the open-circuit potential (OCP) generated by the biofilm microorganisms. The goal of this study was to test this hypothesis and demonstrate the underlying principle that microbial potentiometric sensor (MPS) technology could be used for long-term and real-time monitoring and detection of rapid changes in metal concentrations in realistic aquatic environments. To address the goal, four objective were addressed: (1) a batch reactor with three graphite-based MPS electrodes was fabricated; (2) a set of single-ion solutions and one multiple ion solution were prepared reflecting realistic concentrations of metals found in electroplating wastewaters; (3) the responses of the MPS to the simultaneous presence of multiple toxic metal ions in a single solution were measured; and (4) the changes of the MPS signals to the presence of individual metal ion solutions were examined. While the hypothesis was validated, the study also revealed that the MPS was sufficiently sensitive to not only detect, but also quantify, toxic metal ion concentrations in aqueous solutions. The coefficients of determination, which were R2>0.995, and responsiveness of <1 μmol/L for some toxic metal cations, strongly support the performance of MPS technology in the echelons of expensive analytical tools capable detecting and measuring trace elements.The magnitude of the MPS response was toxic metal specific. When the molar concertation normalizes the inhibition portion of the signal area, the assessed sensitivity order was: Se>Cd>Pb>Ag>Ni> Zn. The study provides valuable information for enforcement agents, environmental professionals, and wastewater treatment operators, so toxic metal pollution and its detrimental impacts can be prevented and mitigated.
Optimization of electro-Fenton oxidation of carbonated soft drink industry wastewater using response surface methodology
Authors: Davarnejad Reza , Azizi Jamal , Joodaki Amir , Mansoori Sepideh 
Published: October 2020

The immense volume of highly polluted organic wastewater continuously generated in the beverage industry urges the design of new types of wastewater treatment plants. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of the electro-Fenton (EF) technique to reduce organic pollution of real effluent from a carbonated soft drink factory. The impact of various process variables like pH, time, current density, H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio, and the volume ratio of H2O2/soft drink wastewater (SDW) was analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). The observed responses were in good agreement with predicted values obtained through optimization. The optimum conditions showed a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 73.07 %, pH of 4.14, time of 41.55 min, current density of 46.12 mA/cm2, H2O2/Fe2+ molar ratio of 0.9802, and H2O2/SDW volume fraction of 2.74 ml/l. The EF process was able to effectively diminish the organic pollution, reduce the residence time and, therefore, the operating costs.
The Effect of Bone Marrow Transplantation on Oocyte-Granulosa Cell Interaction and Follicular Development of Cisplatin-Induced Ovarian Failure in Rat
Authors: Hendarto Hendi 
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Chemotherapy has cytotoxic effect that induces follicular damage and abnormal folliculogenesis leads to ovarian failure. Two crucial growth factors in abnormal folliculogenesis, Growth Differentiation Factor-9 (GDF-9) and Kit-Ligand, will be disrupted and affect follicular development. In this study, we evaluate whether bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has a role on oocyte-granulosa cell interaction by analyzing GDF-9 and Kit-Ligand expressions and also follicular development by analyzing primordial, primary, secondary and graafian follicles of cisplatin-induced ovarian failure in rat. Material and method: Forty eight rats were divided into three groups: control, cisplatin and cisplatin + BMT. Ovarian failure was induced by administration of intraperitoneal cisplatin 5 mg/kg body weight for 1 week. BMT 2 x107 cells were injected through rat tail vein after cisplatin administration. Bone marrow was isolated from rat femur and characterized by CD44(+), CD45(-), CD105(+). Immunohistochemistry examinations for ovarian GDF-9, Kit-Ligand and follicle development evaluation were performed after 2 weeks of BMT injection. Results: The expressions of Kit-ligand among three groups by ANOVA were significant different (p=0.00), whereas by Post Hoc: cisplatin group lower than control group (p=0.00); cisplatin + BMT group higher than cisplatin group (p=0.00); and no significant different between control group and cisplatin + BMT group (p=0.955). The expressions of GDF-9 by Kruskal Wallis showed significant different (p=0.00) among three groups whereas cisplatin + BMT group higher than cisplatin group and control group. In cisplatin + BMT group the number of primordial, primary, secondary and graafian follicles were higher than those in cisplatin group; but were lower than those in control group (p=0.000). Positive Paul Kart Horan (PKH) labeling was seen in cisplatin + BMT group only. Conclusion: In cisplatin-induced ovarian failure in rat, bone marrow transplantation may improve oocytegranulosa cell interaction and follicular development.
PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI BIOPORI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN DERAJAT KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN DI DESA BULUHCINA KECAMATAN SIAK HULU, KABUPATEN KAMPAR
Authors: Chandra Fifia , Masdar Huriatul 
Published: October 2020

Buluhcina Village, Siak Hulu Subdistrict, Kampar Regency is located on the banks of the Kampar river. Flood occurs almost every year so that pools of water are formed. The behavior of the people of Buluhcina Village in processing the organic waste they produced remain poor. Therefore, there must be a way to overcome it by applying biopori technology in Buluhcina Village, Siak District, Kampar Regency. Counseling activities and training on household waste management were held in the Buluhcina Village Hall, Siak Hulu District, Kampar Regency on October 5th, 2019. The activity was attended by 16 participants. The result showed the increases the level of knowledge about organic household waste management after counseling, from 55.69 ± 10.216 to 72.44 ± 12.101 (p <0.002).

Keywords: Biopori infiltration holes, organic household waste management, organic waste.

ABSTRAK
Desa Buluhcina Kecamatan Siak Hulu Kabupaten Kampar terletak di pinggiran sungai Kampar. Hampir setiap tahunnya Desa Buluhcina ini terjadi banjir. Jika banjir sudah surut maka akan terjadi genangan-genangan air pada halaman rumah masyarakat atau di lahan kosong. Selain itu jika terjadi hujan genangan-genangan air ini pasti banyak terjadi. Perilaku masyarakat desa Buluhcina dalam mengolah sampah organik yang mereka hasilkan tergolong buruk. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan cara untuk menanggulangi kondisi tersebut salah satunya dengan cara mengelola sampah rumah tangga organik dengan menerapkan teknologi lubang resapan biopori di Desa Buluhcina Kecamatan Siak Kabupaten Kampar. Kegiatan penyuluhan dan pelatihan pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga organik berlangsung di Balai Desa Buluhcina, Kecamatan Siak Hulu, Kabupaten Kampar pada tanggal 5 Oktober 2019. Kegiatan tersebut diikuri oleh 16 peserta. Analisis ketercapaian menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan yang bermakna pada tingkat pengetahuan tentang pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga organik setelah penyuluhan, yaitu dari 55,69 ± 10,216 menjadi 72,44 ± 12,101 (p<0,002).

Kata kunci: Lubang resapan biopori, pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga organik, sampah organik.
Analisis Kinerja Dalam Rangka Penyusunan Peta Strategi Instalasi Farmasi Rumah Sakit Airlangga Jombang dengan Pendekatan Balanced Scorecard
Authors: Indrayanti Dian , Sunarni Titik , Purwidyaningrum Ika 
Published: October 2020

<p>Instalasi Farmasi RS Airlangga selalu berupaya meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan, maka perlu dilakukan analisis kinerja dan pemetaan strategi Instalasi Farmasi. Tujuan penelitian mengevaluasi kinerja Instalasi Farmasi RS Airlangga ditinjau melalui empat perspektif <em>balanced scorecard </em>dan menentukan peta strategi berdasarkan hasil evaluasi kinerja. Penelitian ini merupakan non eksperimental rancangan deskriptif eksploratif. Pengumpulan data secara retrospektif dan concurrent berupa data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Penelitian menggunakan indikator keempat perspektif <em>balanced scorecard </em>yang menentukan kinerja Instalasi Farmasi RS Airlangga dan kemudian menjadi dasar penyusunan peta strategi. Hasil penelitian perspektif keuangan nilai ITOR tahun 2018 mengalami penurunan dibanding 2016 dan 2017; nilai GPM dan GROS belum memenuhi standart. Perspektif bisnis internal menunjukan ketersediaan obat belum memenuhi standar, <em>dispensing time</em> memenuhi standar; Tingkat Pasien terlayani pasien perhari 95%; pemberian label belum lengkap; pemberian informasi obat yang kurang lengkap; perspektif pertumbuhan dan pembelajaran menunjukkan semangat kerja dan kepuasan kerja karyawan pada kategori tinggi; pelatihan karyawan belum maksimal; produktifitas karyawan dalam kategori baik; pada perspektif pelanggan menunjukkan kepuasan pasien yang tinggi; keterjaringan pasien belum mencapai standar, tingkat pertumbuhan <em>customer </em>tahun 2018 mengalami peningkatan 8,06% dibanding 2017. Kesimpulan penelitian keempat perspektif dianalisis belum mencapai target yang ditetapkan. Diharapkan instalasi farmasi meningkatkan kinerja sehingga membawa organisasi ke arah yang lebih baik sebelumnya.Pemetaaan strategi di instalasi farmasi RS Airlangga diperlukan perbaikan dari setiap indikator-indikator pengukuran kinerja dalam tiap perspektif untuk mendukung pencapaian strategi.</p>
Formulasi dan Uji Stabilitas Serbuk Perasan Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia (Cristm.) Swingle) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Carbopol 940
Authors: Forestryana Dyera , Rahman Shella Y 
Published: October 2020

<span>Jerawat umumnya disebabkan oleh <em>Propionibacterium</em> <em>acnes</em> yang dapat dihambat pertumbuhannya oleh<em> </em>air perasan<em> </em>jeruk nipis (<em>Citrus aurantifolia </em>(Cristm.) Swingle). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan formulasi dan pengujian stabilitas gel antijerawat serbuk perasan jeruk nipis yang di <em>freeze dried </em>menggunakan variasi konsentrasi Carbopol 940 sebagai <em>gelling agent</em>. Tiga formula<em> </em>dengan variasi konsentrasi Carbopol 940 4, 6, dan 8% diaplikasikan dalam pengujian stabilitas gel serbuk perasan jeruk nipis yang diperoleh secara liofilisasi. Pengujian stabilitas dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah <em>freeze thaw </em>terhadap sediaan yang meliputi organoleptis, homogenitas, viskositas, daya sebar, daya lekat, dan pH. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif terhadap pengujian organoleptis dan homogenitas, sedangkan viskositas, daya sebar, daya lekat dan pH dianalisis secara statistik (taraf kepercayaan 95%). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perubahan sebelum dan sesudah <em>freeze thaw</em> pada pengujian homogenitas dan organoleptis. Daya sebar, daya lekat, dan viskositas gel seruk perasan jeruk nipis tidak mengalami perubahan yang bermakna untuk tiga formula sehingga dapat dinyatakan sediaan gel stabil sebelum dan sesudah <em>freeze thaw</em>. Namun, terdapat pengaruh yang bermakna terhadap penurunan pH setelah pengujian <em>freeze thaw</em>. Formula 3 (Carbopol 940 8%) memiliki kestabilan yang baik pada pengujian sebelum dan sesudah <em>freeze thaw</em>. </span>
Development, reliability and validity of the Safe Use of Mobility Aids Checklist (SUMAC) for 4-wheeled walker use in people living with dementia
Authors: Hunter Susan , Divine Alison , Omana Humberto , Madou Edward , Holmes Jeffrey 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: Balance and gait problems are common and progressive in dementia. Use of a mobility aid provides physical support and confidence. Yet, mobility aid use in people with dementia increases falls three-fold. An assessment tool of mobility aid safety in people with dementia does not currently exist. The objectives of this study were: 1) to develop a tool for the evaluation of physical function and safe use of a 4-wheeled walker in people with dementia, and 2) to evaluate its construct and criterion validity, inter-rater and test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change.Methods: Healthcare professionals (HCP) experienced in rehabilitation of people with dementia participated in focus groups for item generation of the new tool, The Safe Use of Mobility Aid Checklist (SUMAC). The SUMAC evaluates physical function (PF) and safe use of the equipment (EQ) on nine tasks of daily life. Reliability was evaluated by HCP (n=5) scored participant videos of people with dementia (n=10) using a 4-wheeled walker performing the SUMAC. Inter-rater and test-retest reliability was assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Construct validity evaluated scores of the HCPs to a consensus HCP panel using Spearman’s rank-order correlations. Criterion validity evaluated SUMAC-PF to the Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) gait subscale using Spearman’s rank-order correlations. Results: Three focus groups (n=17) generated a tool comprised of nine tasks and the components within each task for physical function and safe use. Inter-rater reliability was statistically significant for SUMAC-PF (ICC=0.92, 95%CI (0.81, 0.98), p<0.001) and SUMAC-EQ (ICC=0.82, 95%CI (0.54, 0.95), p<0.001). Test-retest reliability was statistically significant for SUMAC-PF (ICC=0.89, 95%CI (0.81, 0.94), p<0.001) and SUMAC-EQ (ICC=0.88, 95%CI (0.79, 0.93), p<0.001). As hypothesized, the POMA gait subscale correlated strongly with the SUMAC-PF (rs=0.84), but not EQ (rs=0.39).Conclusions: The focus groups and research team developed a tool of nine tasks with evaluation on physical function and safe use of a 4-wheeled walker for people with dementia. The SUMAC tool has demonstrated content validity for the whole scale and good construct and criterion validity for the SUMAC-PF and SUMAC-EQ. The subscores of the SUMAC demonstrated excellent to good inter-rater and test-retest reliability.
The differences of clinical characteristics and outcomes between imported and local patients of COVID-19 in Hunan: A two-center retrospective study
Authors: Wang Chang , Zhou Lizhi , Chen Juan , Yang Yong , Huang Tianlong , Fu Min , Li Ya , George Daniel , Chen Xiangyu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Background: The clinical characteristics and outcomes of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia are different in Hubei compared to other regions in China. But there are few comparative studies on the differences between imported and local patients which may provide information of the different courses of the virus after transmission. Methods: We investigated 169 cases of COVID-19 pneumonia in two centers in Hunan Province, and divided them into two groups according to epidemiological history, "imported patients" refers to patient with a clear history of travel in Wuhan within 14 days before onset, and " local patients” refers to local resident without a recent history of travel in Wuhan, aiming to analyze the difference in clinical characteristics and outcomes between the two groups. All the epidemiological, clinical, imaging, and laboratory data were analyzed and contrasted. Results: The incidence of fever on admission in imported patients was significantly higher than local patients. There was a significantly higher proportion of abnormal pulmonary signs, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, prolonged PT, elevated D-dimer and elevated blood glucose in imported patients. Compared with local patients, the proportion using antibiotics, glucocorticoids and gamma globulin were significantly higher in imported patients. The moderate type was more common in local patients, and the severe type were more frequent in imported patients. In addition, the median duration of viral clearance was longer in imported patients. Conclusions: In summary, we found that imported cases were more likely to develop into severe cases, compared with local patients and required more powerful treatments.Trial registration: Registered 21st March 2020, and this study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee (Approved Number. 2020017).