bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Definir la urbanización periférica: conceptos y terminología / Defining the urban periphery: concepts and terminology
Authors: Obeso Muñiz Icaro 
Published: February 2020

La tradicional dicotomía entre la ciudad y su espacio rural inmediato ha quedado difuminada, especialmente en aquellos países donde el grado de urbanización es más alto. Desde la segunda mitad del siglo xix han aparecido nuevas formas de asentamientos que no encajan ni con las urbes ni con los núcleos rurales. Este fenómeno se caracteriza por una indefinición semántica que dificulta su comprensión. Se presenta una puesta al día a modo de estado de la cuestión con el objetivo de esclarecer la complejidad de estos espacios. De modo complementario se profundiza en sus causas, procesos y fisonomías tanto en el ámbito internacional como en el nacional. Finalmente se esbozan definiciones al tiempo que se sintetizan los marcos teóricos predominantes en la literatura académica.La dichotomie traditionnelle entre la ville et son espace rural immédiat s’est estompée, en particulier dans les pays où le degré d’urbanisation est plus élevé. Depuis la seconde moitié du xixe siècle, de nouvelles formes de peuplement sont apparues, ne correspondant ni à des villes ni à des centres ruraux. Ce phénomène est caractérisé par une incertitude sémantique qui rend la compréhension difficile. Une mise à jour est présentée en tant qu’état de la question afin de clarifier la complexité de ces espaces. De manière complémentaire, leurs causes, processus etphysionomies sont approfondis tant au niveau international que national. Enfin, les définitions sont résumées tout en synthétisant les cadres théoriques prédominants dans la littérature universitaire.The traditional dichotomy between the city and its immediate rural space has been blurred, especially in those countries where the degree of urbanization is higher. Since the second half of the nineteenth century, new forms of settlements have appeared that do not fit either the cities or the rural centers. This phenomenon is characterized by a semantic uncertainty that makes understanding difficult. An update is presented as a state of the matter in order to clarify the complexity of these spaces. In a complementary way, its causes, processes and physiognomies are deepened both internationally and nationally. Finally, definitions are outlined while synthesizing the predominant theoretical frameworks in academic literature.
Antonio Revenga Carbonell, cartógrafo de ensanches en la España de mediados del siglo XX / Antonio Revenga Carbonell, urban extension projects cartographer in mid-twentieth-century Spain
Authors: Polo Martín Bárbara 
Published: February 2020

Antonio Revenga Carbonell fue un ingeniero geógrafo que destacó por su actividad cartográfica y geográfica. Tras su ingreso en el cuerpo, en 1912, adquirió diferentes competencias en el Instituto Geográfico Nacional y diversificó sus conocimientos técnicos. La cartografía es la menos conocida entre sus actividades y la más importante. Su experienciaprofesional como topógrafo e ingeniero contribuyó a que diferentes Ayuntamientos requirieran sus servicios, durante las décadas 1940-1960, para levantar planos urbanos precisos y realizar proyectos de ensanche acordes con la legislación urbana de la época. El objetivo es dar a conocer un capítulo del legado cartográfico español que, en su mayor parte, ha permanecido oculto en los archivos, o ha sido desconocido por las propias instituciones.Antonio Revenga Carbonell était un ingénieur géographe qui se distinguait par son activité cartographique et géographique. Après être entré dans le corps, en 1912, il acquit différentes compétences à l’Institut géographique national et diversifia ses connaissances techniques. La cartographie est la moins connue de ses activités et la plus importante. Son expérience professionnelle d’arpenteur-géomètre et d’ingénieur a permis à différentes municipalités, dans les années 1940 et 1960, de solliciter ses services pour élaborer des plans précis et mener à bien des projets d’élargissement conformes à la législation urbaine de l’époque. L’objectif est de faire connaître un chapitre de l’héritage cartographique espagnol qui, pour l’essentiel, est resté caché dans les archives ou inconnu des institutions elles-mêmes.Antonio Revenga Carbonell was a Geographical Engineer who stood out for his cartographic and geographical activity. After entering the corps, in 1912, he acquired different skills at the National Geographic Institute and diversified his technical knowledge. Cartography is the least known among his activitiesbut the most important. His professional experience as a surveyor and engineer contributed to different municipalities requiring their services, during the 1940s and 1960s, to build accurate urban plans and carry out extension projects in accordance with the urban legislation of that time.The objective is to present a chapter of the Spanish cartographic legacy that, for the most part, has remained hidden in the archives, or has been unknown by the institutions themselves.
La iniciativa privada como impulsora de la construcción de la ciudad burguesa. Parcelaciones particulares en Llanes (1850-1960) / The private initiative as a promoter of bourgeois city. Private parceling in Llanes (1850-1960)
Authors: Rato Martín Héctor 
Published: February 2020

A partir de mediados del siglo xix se agotó en España el modelo urba- no del Antiguo Régimen y emergió la denominada ciudad burguesa. Los cambios se concretaron en la transformación de la trama heredada y en la ampliación de su plano. El papel de la iniciativa privada se concretó habitualmente en la producción de suelo urbano mediante la parcelación de tierras de su propiedad. El artículo analiza la formación de la ciudad burguesa en la villa de Llanes atendiendo al papel de la iniciativa particular en la expansión de su plano entre 1850 y 1960. Se describen las características de las parcelaciones identificadas, estableciendo su rasgos generales y contextualizándolas en los procesos de carácter general.À partir du milieu du xixe siècle, le modèle urbain de l’Ancien Régime était épuisé en Espagne et la soi-disant ville bourgeoise a émergé. Les changements ont pris forme dans la transformation du plan hérité et son extension. Le rôle de l’initiative privée s’est généralement concrétisé dans la production de sol urbain grâce à la division des terrains qu’elle possédait. L’article analyse la formation de la ville bourgeoise à Llanes (Asturies orientales) en se concentrant sur le rôle de l’initiative privée dans l’expansion du plan entre 1850 et 1960. Les caractéristiques des parcellisations identifiées sont décrites, en établissant leurs traits principaux et en les contextualisant dans les processus généraux.From the mid-nineteenth century the urban model of the Old Regime was exhausted in Spain and the so-called bourgeois city emerged. The changes took shape in the transformation of the inherited plot and in the extension of its plan. The role of private initiative was usually the production of urban land through the division of its properties. The article analyzes the formation of the bourgeois city in Llanes (Eastern Asturias), taking into account the role of the private initiative in the expansion of the plan between 1850 and 1960. The characteristics of parceling are described, establishing their general features and contextualizing them in general processes.
Metaplasia ósea endometrial: reporte de casos y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Mondragón-Cedeño Alba Lucía , Miranda-Cruz Ángel David , Parra-Duarte Sergio Augusto , Paredes-Becerra Eliana , Zúñiga-Chávez Ana María 
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: presentar dos casos y revisar la literatura acerca de la etiología de la enfermedad y los métodos utilizados para su diagnóstico.Casos clínicos: los casos fueron atendidos en el Hospital de San José, Hospital Universitario de referencia de tercer nivel de atención, a donde llegaron remitidas, por infertilidad y dolor pélvico crónico, dos pacientes. Sus ecografías mostraban imágenes hiperecogénicas en endometrio. Se les realizó histeroscopia, encontrando múltiples formaciones óseas flotantes en cavidad endometrial, extraídas con pinza grasper, cuyos cortes histológicos confirmaron el diagnóstico de metaplasia ósea endometrial. La primera mujer quedó en estado de embarazo 8 meses después de la intervención, finalmente tuvo un recién nacido a término sano. La segunda mujer inició dos embarazos que terminaron en abortos tempranos completos.Materiales y métodos: se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, SciELO y Ovid, en donde se incluyeron artículos publicados en los últimos 15 años.Conclusión: la metaplasia ósea es un problema de diferenciación celular, de las células madre estromales del endometrio secundario, a raíz de una deficiencia de superóxido dismutasa. Esta entidad se sospecha por ecografía transvaginal y se debe diagnosticar y tratar con histeroscopia.
Clinical value of comorbidity of affective disorders and alcohol dependence
Authors: Roshchina O. V. , Rozin A. I. , Schastnyy E. D. , Bokhan N. A. 
Published: February 2020

The aim was to study the clinical-psychopathological, clinical-follow-up, clinical-dynamic features of mood disorders (MD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) with their comorbidity combinations.Materials and methods. The study included 88 people with AUD and MD: 33 women (37.5%) and 55 (62.5%) men. The first group was 31 patients (35,0%) with AUD without comorbid affective symptoms, the second was 29 patients (33.0%) with MD without alcohol dependence, and the third was 28 patients (32.0%) with comorbid AUD and MD. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups by age and sex composition, by the level of statistical significance of differences (p = 0.115 – by sex, ð = 0.248 – by age). The study used clinical, psychopathological, clinical and follow-up, clinical, dynamic and statistical methods. Statistical processing was performed using Pearson’s χ2, Mann – Whitney U-test for comparing independent samples and Spearman’s correlation analysis (r).Results. Patients of the second and third groups were diagnosed with dysthymia more rarely in statistically significant values by the level of statistical significance of differences (10.4% and 32.1% respectively, p = 0.023) and this testifies to MD taking chronic course in patients with AUD. The average duration of bout of heavy-drinking in the first group was longer than in the third group – 7 (4; 17) and 5,5 (3.5; 9.5) days accordingly (p = 0.043). Duration of the disease in the first and third groups was 10 (6; 18.5) and 14 (10; 19.75) years, respectively (p = 0.036). It confirms the negative impact of comorbidity on the clinicaldynamic features in the case of co-existing of AUD and MD.Conclusion. The coexistence of alcohol dependence and affective pathology enhances the suicidal risk of certain diseases. A tendency to the early appearance of symptoms of AUD and their rapid dynamics, a shorter duration of light intervals of MD and AUC, a relatively low tolerance to alcohol and pronounced depressogenic effect of alcohol in the case of comorbidity were found.
Clinical and pathophysiological aspects of non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Nikitina M. A. , Zhukova N. G. , Bragina E. Yu. , Alifirova V. M. , Zhukova I. A. , Gomboeva D. E. , Kolupaeva E. S. , Zhalsanova I. Zh. 
Published: February 2020

Non-motor symptoms are an essential manifestation of the clinical picture of Parkinson's disease (PD). This literature review is devoted to the study of recent advances in the field of clinical and pathophysiological aspects of the non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease.Aim. The aim was to study and generalize the wide range of non-motor manifestations of PD and their features in this pathology, and to reveal the pathophysiological link between motor and non-motor manifestations of the disease and the role of the neurodegenerative process in the clinical picture of PD.Materials and methods. Keywords (Parkinson's disease, non-motor symptoms, apathy, anxiety, depression, sleep disorder, pain) search in the Web of Science, Core Collection, Scopus, Pubmed databases.Results. Knowledge about the presence of PD non-motor symptoms, characteristics of their manifestations improve their diagnosis and help to choose the correct treatment strategy. This survey comprises nonmotor manifestations of PD, such as: mood disorders (apathy, anxiety, depression), impulse control disorders (dopamine disregulation syndrome), sleep disorders (insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, bouts of sleepiness, conduct disorder in REM phase of sleep), autonomic disorders (constipation, enuresis, thermoregulatory dysfunction, cardiovascular disorders, orthostatic hypotension), and cognitive impairment.
A clinical case of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis type 2
Authors: Kraeva L. S. , Koroleva E. S. , Alifirova V. M. , Kuzmina A. V. 
Published: February 2020

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL, Batten disease) are a group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases characterized by age-related onset, progressive myoclonus epilepsy, visual impairment and progressive intellectual and motor disorders. In all forms of NCL, the pathological autofluorescent lipopigment accumulates in the brain and other tissues. The diagnosis is made following determination of the activity of specific enzymes in blood leukocytes or cell culture of skin fibroblasts and investigation of biopsy specimens with electron microscopy as well as molecular genetic research. The article presents a patient with the onset of the disease at the age of 3 with epileptic tonic-clonic seizures, with further progression of the disease in the form of myoclonic seizures, motor pyramidal and cerebellar disorders, as well as intellectual, mnestic and speech disturbances. The presented clinical case demonstrates difficulties in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases at onset, as well as the absence of pathognomonic signs of the disease during neurophysiological and neuroimaging examinations, which makes it necessary to conduct additional molecular and genetic research
Toxic encephalopathy in a clinicl case of polycythemia vera
Authors: Kuznetsova P. I. , Tanashyan M. M. , Kornilova A. A. 
Published: February 2020

The article deals with a clinical case description of a female patient with toxic encephalopathy against the background of Ph-negative myeloproliferative diseases. The article discusses symptoms and neuroimaging of hepatic encephalopathy developed as a result of a shunt placed after portal vein thrombosis. The issues of etiology and pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy, principles of therapy, as well as the unique clinical picture of nervous system damage in this condition are also discussed. Data on the role of manganese in development of toxic encephalopathy, accumulation of paramagnetic substance in the basal ganglia of the brain and development of extrapyramidal symptoms are presented. The pathogenesis of toxic damage to neurons, increase in their sensitivity to hypoxia, and the relationship with the risk of cerebrovascular disorders and development of chronic cerebral ischemia, contributing to reduction of cognitive functions, are described.
Use of potentially inappropriate medication and polypharmacy in older adults: a repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Thorell Kristine , Midlöv Patrik , Fastbom Johan , Halling Anders 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: With age, the number of chronic conditions increases along with the use of medications. For several years, polypharmacy has been found to be on the increase in western societies. Polypharmacy is associated with an increased risk of adverse drug events (ADE). Medications called potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) have also been found to increase the risk of ADEs in an older population. In this study, which we conducted during a national information campaign to reduce PIM, we analysed the prevalence of PIM in an older adult population and in different strata of the variables age, gender, number of chronic conditions and polypharmacy and how that prevalence changed over time. Methods: This is a registry-based repeated cross-sectional study including two cohorts. Individuals aged 75 or older listed at a primary care centre in Blekinge on the 31st March 2011 (cohort 1, 15 361 individuals) or on the 31st December 2013 (cohort 2, 15 945 individuals) were included in the respective cohorts. Using a chi2 test, the two cohorts were compared on the variables age, gender, number of chronic conditions and polypharmacy. Use of five or more medications at the same time was the definition for polypharmacy. Results: Use of PIM decreased from 10.60% to 7.04% (p-value <0.001) between 2011 and 2013, while prevalence of five to seven chronic conditions increased from 20.55% to 23.66% (p-value <0.001). Use of PIM decreased in all strata of the variables age, gender number of chronic conditions and polypharmacy. Except for age 80-84 and males, where it increased, prevalence of polypharmacy was stable in all strata of the variables. Conclusions: Use of potentially inappropriate medications had decreased in all variables between 2011 and 2013; this shows the possibility to reduce PIM with a focused effort. Polypharmacy does not increase significantly compared to the rest of the population.
Validation and Modification of Staging Systems for Poorly Differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma﻿
Authors: Wang Haihong , Lin Zhenyu , Li Guiling , Zhang Dejun , Yu Dandan , Lin Qili , Wang Jing , Zhao Ye , Pi Guoliang , Zhang Tao 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) staging classifications are two broadly used systems for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. This study aims to identify the most accurate and useful tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) staging system for poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas(pNECs).Methods: An analysis was performed to evaluate the application of the ENETS, 7th edition (7th) AJCC and 8th edition (8th) AJCC staging classifications using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry (N = 568 patients), and a modified system based on the analysis of the 7th AJCC classification was proposed Results: In multivariable analyses, only the 7th AJCC staging system allocated patients into four different risk groups, although there was no significant difference. We modified the staging classification by maintaining the T and M definitions of the 7th AJCC staging and adopting new staging definitions. An increased hazard ratio (HR) of death was also observed from class I to class IV for the modified 7th (m7th) staging system (compared with stage I disease; HR for stage II =1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI)= 0.73-2.06, P =0.44; HR for stage III =2.20, 95% CI =1.06-4.56, P=0.03; HR for stage IV =4.95, 95% CI =3.20-7.65, P < 0.001).The concordance index (C-index) was higher for local disease with the m7th AJCC staging system than with the 7th AJCC staging system. Conclusions: The m7th AJCC staging system for pNECs proposed in this study provides improvements and may be assessed for potential adoption in the next edition.
Comparative analysis of retrograde intrarenal surgery and modified Ultra-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy in management of lower pole renal stones (1.5-3.5 cm)
Authors: Li Zhuohang , Lai Cong , Shah Arvind K. , Xie Weibin , Liu Cheng , Huang Li , Li Kuiqing , Yu Hao , Xu Kewei 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background：To compare the safety and efficacy of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and modified Ultra-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (UMP) in semi-supine combined lithotomy position for the management of 1.5-3.5 cm lower pole renal stones (LPSs). Methods: A total of 63 patients with 1.5-3.5 cm LPSs who underwent RIRS (n= 33) or modified UMP (n= 30) in diameter between January 2017 and January 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Modified UMP was performed in semi-supine combined lithotomy position and a 9.5/11.5 F ureteral access sheath (UAS) was inserted during the procedure in order to maintain low pelvic pressure and to facilitate the removal of stone fragments. Base-line parameters, stone characteristics, illness condition, operation time, postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) drop, postoperative creatinine (Cr) elevation, length of hospital stay, length of postoperative hospital stay, stone-free rate (SFR) and complications were compared between the two groups. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in base-line parameters, stone characteristics and illness condition. The mean operating time of RIRS group was longer than UMP group (95.61 ± 21.9 vs. 55.0 ± 16.1 min, p< 0.001). The mean postoperative Hb drop was less in RIRS group (7.42 ± 4.7 vs. 15.70 ± 9.8 g/L, p< 0.001). The length of hospital stay and postoperative hospital stay for RIRS were shorter than UMP (4.76 ± 1.1 vs. 5.83 ± 0.8 d, p< 0.001, 2.97 ± 0.9 vs. 4.07 ± 0.9 d, p< 0.001). The Early SFR was higher in UMP group (54.5 vs. 80.0%, p< 0.050) while SFR at 1-month and 3-months postoperatively was similar in both groups (p= 0.504, p= 0.675). There were no significant differences between the two groups in complications (p= 0.228). Conclusion：For patients with 1.5-3.5 cm LPSs, both modified UMP and RIRS are safe and viable. The modified UMP technique was used in this study, application semi-supine combined lithotomy position and the retention of UAS can improve the surgical efficiency and maintain low pressure perfusion in the kidney, which resulted in superior treatment efficacy. Therefore, we highly recommend this technique for LPSs with heavy stone burdens.
Level of Quality of Option B+PMTCT Service Provision in Public Health Facilities in Mekelle Zone, Northern Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Ajemu Kiros Fenta , Desta Alem 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background: Substantial improvements have been observed in the coverage and access to maternal health services in Ethiopia. However, quality of care has been lagging behind. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess quality of Option B+ PMTCT service provision. Methods: Facility based cross sectional study was conducted from February to April 2016 in Northern Ethiopia. The quality of service delivery was assessed in 12 health facilities based on Donabedian input-process-output quality components. It employed mixed method approach involving both quantitative and qualitative data. Facilities were categorized rendering good input service quality if scored 100 % as per national guideline; whilst, 90 % and more for process and output quality components respectively. The emerged themes of factors for good and bad service quality from content analysis were then thematically fitted to donabedian themes. Results: Overall 2 of 12 (16.7%) facilities fulfilled all the three quality components according to predetermined judgment criteria. The input quality was better than their counterpart; in which it was judged as good in 33.3% of facilities. Besides, one fourth of them were realized process and output quality. We identified multiple barriers and facilitators for good and bad service quality in respective quality components influencing quality of care. Conclusion: Only 16.7% of facilities declared the overall quality in all three dimensions according to service delivery guideline. The desired level of quality will be realized if and only if the three quality components would be kept on eye side by side in line with identified facilitators and barriers for good and bad service quality.