bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific Commensal Bacterium Critically Regulates Gut Microbiota Osteoimmunomodulatory Actions During Normal Postpubertal Skeletal Growth and Maturation
Authors: Hathaway‐Schrader Jessica D , Poulides Nicole A , Carson Matthew D , Kirkpatrick Joy E , Warner Amy J , Swanson Brooks A , Taylor Eliza V , Chew Michael E , Reddy Sakamuri V , Liu Bei , Westwater Caroline , Novince Chad M 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTThe commensal gut microbiota critically regulates immunomodulatory processes that influence normal skeletal growth and maturation. However, the influence of specific microbes on commensal gut microbiota osteoimmunoregulatory actions is unknown. We have shown previously that the commensal gut microbiota enhances TH17/IL17A immune response effects in marrow and liver that have procatabolic/antianabolic actions in the skeleton. Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), a specific commensal gut bacterium within phylum Firmicutes, potently induces TH17/IL17A‐mediated immunity. The study purpose was to delineate the influence of SFB on commensal gut microbiota immunomodulatory actions regulating normal postpubertal skeletal development. Two murine models were utilized: SFB‐monoassociated mice versus germ‐free (GF) mice and specific‐pathogen‐free (SPF) mice +/− SFB. SFB colonization was validated by 16S rDNA analysis, and SFB‐induced TH17/IL17A immunity was confirmed by upregulation of Il17a in ileum and IL17A in serum. SFB‐colonized mice had an osteopenic trabecular bone phenotype, which was attributed to SFB actions suppressing osteoblastogenesis and enhancing osteoclastogenesis. Intriguingly, SFB‐colonized mice had increased expression of proinflammatory chemokines and acute‐phase reactants in the liver. Lipocalin‐2 (LCN2), an acute‐phase reactant and antimicrobial peptide, was substantially elevated in the liver and serum of SFB‐colonized mice, which supports the notion that SFB regulation of commensal gut microbiota osteoimmunomodulatory actions are mediated in part through a gut–liver–bone axis. Proinflammatory TH17 and TH1 cells were increased in liver‐draining lymph nodes of SFB‐colonized mice, which further substantiates that SFB osteoimmune‐response effects may be mediated through the liver. SFB‐induction of Il17a in the gut and Lcn2 in the liver resulted in increased circulating levels of IL17A and LCN2. Recognizing that IL17A and LCN2 support osteoclastogenesis/suppress osteoblastogenesis, SFB actions impairing postpubertal skeletal development appear to be mediated through immunomodulatory effects in both the gut and liver. This research reveals that specific microbes critically impact commensal gut microbiota immunomodulatory actions regulating normal postpubertal skeletal growth and maturation. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
MCPIP1 overexpression in human neuroblastoma cell lines causes cell‐cycle arrest by G1/S checkpoint block
Authors: Boratyn Elżbieta , Nowak Iwona , Karnas Elżbieta , Ryszawy Damian , Wnuk Dawid , Polus Anna , Durbas Małgorzata , Horwacik Irena , Rokita Hanna 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMonocyte chemoattractant protein‐1‐induced protein 1 (MCPIP1) has a multidomain structure, which assures its pleiotropic activity. The physiological functions of this protein include repression of inflammatory processes and the prevention of immune disorders. The influence of MCPIP1 on the cell cycle of cancer cells has not been sufficiently elucidated. A previous study by our group reported that overexpression of MCPIP1 affects the cell viability, inhibits the activation of the phosphoinositide‐3 kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin signalling pathway, and reduces the stability of the MYCN oncogene in neuroblastoma (NB) cells. Furthermore, a decrease in expression and phosphorylation levels of cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) 1, which has a key role in the M phase of the cell cycle, was observed. On the basis of these previous results, the purpose of our present study was to elucidate the influence of MCPIP1 on the cell cycle of NB cells. It was confirmed that ectopic overexpression of MCPIP1 in two human NB cell lines, KELLY and BE(2)‐C, inhibited cell proliferation. Furthermore, flow cytometric analyses and imaging of the cell cycle with a fluorescence ubiquitination cell‐cycle indicator test, demonstrated that overexpression of MCPIP1 causes an accumulation of NB cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, while the possibility of an increase in G0 phase due to induction of quiescence or senescence was excluded. Additional assessment of the molecular machinery responsible for the transition between the cell‐cycle phases confirmed that MCPIP1 overexpression reduced the expression of cyclins A2, B1, D1, D3, E1, and E2 and decreased the phosphorylation of CDK2 and CDK4, as well as retinoblastoma protein. In conclusion, the present results indicated a relevant impact of overexpression of MCPIP1 on the cell cycle, namely a block of the G1/S cell‐cycle checkpoint, resulting in arrest of NB cells in the G1 phase.
Positive association between heart dosimetry parameters and a novel cardiac biomarker, solubleST‐2, in thoracic cancer chest radiation
Authors: Zeng Zhi‐min , Xu Peng , Zhou Shan , Du Hai‐yang , Jiang Xiao‐liu , Cai Jing , Huang Long , Liu An‐wen 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundEarly screening and diagnosis of radiation‐induced heart disease (RIHD) is difficult in patients with chest radiation exposure. sST‐2 is involved in myocardial stress or injury. We evaluated the relationship between heart dose parameters and sST‐2 changes in chest malignant tumor patients who received chest radiation.MethodsWe prospectively collected thoracic malignancy cancer patients who had received chest radiotherapy. Heart dosimetry parameters were extracted from the treatment planning system. sST‐2 was measured at baseline, the middle stage, and after radiotherapy (recorded as pre‐ST‐2, mid‐ST‐2, and post‐ST‐2). sST‐2 change rate was calculated. Scatter plots showed the relationship between cardiac dose parameters and ST‐2 change rate. Multiple regression was used to analyze the relationship between cardiac dose parameters and ST‐2 change rate.ResultsTotally, 60 patients were enrolled. The mean V5, V10, V20, V30, V40, and MHD was 60.93 ± 27.79%, 51.43 ± 25.44%, 39.17 ± 21.75%, 28.07 ± 17.15%,18.66 ± 12.18%, and 18.60 ± 8.63 Gy, respectively. The median M‐LAD was 11.31 (IQR 3.33‐18.76) Gy. The mean pre‐ST‐2, mid‐ST‐2, and post‐ST‐2 was 5.1 ± 3.8, 6.4 ± 3.9, and 7.6 ± 4.4, respectively. sST‐2 was elevated with thoracic irradiation (P < .001). Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that V5, V10, V20, and MHD were independently and positively associated with ST‐2 change rate (β = .04, .04, .04, and .10, respectively, all P < .05).ConclusionSerum sST‐2 levels were elevated over time during radiotherapy. V5, V10, V20 and MHD were independently and positively associated with the elevated ST‐2 change rate.
Nanoparticles containing β‐cyclodextrin potentially useful for the treatment of Niemann‐Pick C
Authors: Donida Bruna , Raabe Marco , Tauffner Bárbara , de Farias Marcelo A. , Machado Andryele Z. , Timm Fernanda , Kessler Rejane G. , Hammerschmidt Tatiane G. , Reinhardt Luiza S. , Brito Verônica B. , Portugal Rodrigo V. , Bernardi Andressa , Frozza Rudimar , Moura Dinara J. , Giugliani Roberto , Poletto Fernanda , Vargas Carmen R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstractβ‐Cyclodextrin (β‐CD) is being considered a promising therapy for Niemann‐Pick C (NPC) disease because of its ability to mobilise the entrapped cholesterol from lysosomes, however, a major limitation is its inability to cross the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and address the central nervous system (CNS) manifestations of the disease. Considering this, we aimed to design nanoparticles able to cross the BBB and deliver β‐CD into the CNS lysosomes. The physicochemical characteristics of β‐CD‐loaded nanoparticles were evaluated by dynamic light scattering, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The in vitro analyses were performed with NPC dermal fibroblasts and the β‐CD‐loaded nanoparticles were tracked in vivo. The nanoparticles showed a mean diameter around 120 nm with a disordered bicontinuous inner structure. The nanoparticles did not cause decrease in cell viability, impairment in the antioxidant enzymes activity, damage to biomolecules or release of reactive species in NPC dermal fibroblasts; also, they did not induce genotoxicity or alter the mitochondrial function in healthy fibroblasts. The β‐CD‐loaded nanoparticles were taken up by lysosomes reducing the cholesterol accumulated in NPC fibroblasts and reached the CNS of mice more intensely than other organs, demonstrating advantages compared to the free β‐CD. The results demonstrated the potential of the β‐CD‐loaded nanoparticles in reducing the brain impairment of NPC.
Differentiation and activation of eosinophils in the human bone marrow during experimental human endotoxemia
Authors: Hassani Marwan , Leijte Guus , Bruse Niklas , Kox Matthijs , Pickkers Peter , Vrisekoop Nienke , Koenderman Leo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Acute infection is characterized by eosinopenia. However, the underlying mechanism(s) are poorly understood and it is unclear whether decreased mobilization/production of eosinophils in the bone marrow (BM) and/or increased homing to the tissues play a role. The objective of this study was to investigate the differentiation and activation status of eosinophils in the human BM and blood upon experimental human endotoxemia, a standardized, controlled, and reproducible model of acute systemic inflammation. A BM aspirate and venous blood was obtained from seven healthy volunteers before, 4 h after, and 1 week after intravenous challenge with 2 ng/kg endotoxin. Early progenitors (CD34+/IL-5Rα+), eosinophil promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes, and mature eosinophils were identified and quantified in the bone marrow and blood samples using flowcytometry based on specific eosinophil markers (CD193 and IL-5Rα). Activation status was assessed using antibodies against known markers on eosinophils: Alpha-4 (CD49d), CCR3 (CD193), CR1 (CD35), CEACAM-8 (CD66b), CBRM 1/5 (activation epitope of MAC-1), and by plasma cytokine analysis. Four hours after endotoxin administration, numbers of mature eosinophils in the blood and in the BM markedly declined compared with baseline, whereas numbers of all eosinophil progenitors did not change. The remaining eosinophils did not show signs of activation or degranulation despite significantly increased circulating levels of eotaxin-1. Furthermore, the expression of CD49d and CD193 on eosinophils was lower compared to baseline, but normalized after 7 days. Together these data imply that circulatory eosinopenia after an innate immune challenge is mediated by CD49d-mediated homing of eosinophils to the tissues.
Evaluation of a Workflow to Define Low Specific Absorption Rate MRI Protocols for Patients With Active Implantable Medical Devices
Authors: Martinez Jessica A. , Moulin Kévin , Yoo Bryan , Shi Yu , Kim Hyun J. , Villablanca Pablo J. , Ennis Daniel B. 
Published: January 2020

BackgroundMRI exams for patients with MR‐conditional active implantable medical devices (AIMDs) are contraindicated unless specific conditions are met. This limits the maximum specific absorption rate (SAR, W/kg). Currently, there is no general framework to guide meeting a lower SAR limit.PurposeTo design and evaluate a workflow for modifying MRI protocols to whole‐body SAR (WB‐SAR ≤0.1 W/kg) and local‐head SAR (LH‐SAR ≤0.3 W/kg) limits while mitigating the impact on image quality and exam time.Study TypeProspective.PopulationTwenty healthy volunteers on head (n = 5), C‐spine (n = 5), T‐spine (n = 5), and L‐spine (n = 5) with IRB consent.AssessmentVendor‐provided head, C‐spine, T‐spine, and L‐spine protocols (SARRT) were modified to meet both low SAR targets (SARLOW) using the proposed workflow. in vitro SNR and CNR were evaluated with a T1‐T2 phantom. in vivo image quality and clinical acceptability were scored using a 5‐point Likert scale for two blinded readers.Field Strength/Sequences1.5T/spin‐echoes, gradient‐echoes.Statistical AnalysisIn vitro SNR and CNR values were evaluated with a repeated measures general linear model. in vivo image quality and clinical acceptability were evaluated using a generalized estimating equation analysis (GEE). The two reader's level of agreement was analyzed using Cohen's kappa statistical analysis.ResultsUsing the workflow, SAR limits were met. LH‐SAR: 0.12 ± 0.02 W/kg, median (SD) values for LH‐SAR were 0.12 (0.02) W/kg and WB‐SAR: 0.09 (0.01) W/kg. Examination time did not increase ≤2x the initial time. SARRT SNR values were higher and significantly different than SARLOW (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the CNR values (value = 0.21). Median (IQR) CNR values were 14.2 (25.0) vs. 15.1 (9.2) for head, 12.1 (16.9) vs. 25.3 (14.2) for C‐spine, 81.6 (70.1) vs. 71.0 (26.6) for T‐spine, and 51.4 (52.6) vs. 37.7 (27.3) for L‐spine. Image quality scores were not significantly different between SARRT and SARLOW (median [SD] scores were 4.0 [0.01] vs. 4.3 [0.2], P > 0.05).Data ConclusionThe proposed workflow provides guidance for modifying routine MRI exams to achieve low SAR limits. This can benefit patients referred for an MRI exam with low SAR MR‐conditional AIMDs.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy Stage: 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:91–102.
What could be My Next Job? Using Flat Information Structures to Generate Creative Future Career Ideas
Authors: Schilling Anna , Celik Pinar , Storme Martin 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn a dynamic labor market, it is important to help people combine information and generate creative solutions to cope with complex career challenges. In the present research, we apply the theory of information structure to creative career idea generation and hypothesize that flat information structures—that is, structures in which the information is disorganized—are more conducive to creativity than hierarchical information structures—that is, structures in which information is organized in higher‐order categories. In two experimental studies, participants had to combine career information related to self and work preferences that was presented either in flat or hierarchical structures. We found that flat information structures, compared with hierarchical information structures, led to future career ideas that were more creative on average. Our results suggest that cognitive flexibility explains the effect of information structure on the creativity of career ideas. Theoretical implications and suggestions for career management practices are discussed.
Raman spectroscopy analysis of molecular configuration forms of the macular xanthophylls
Authors: Sek A. , Welc R. , Mendes‐Pinto M.M. , Reszczynska E. , Grudzinski W. , Luchowski R. , Gruszecki W.I. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMacula lutea, the yellow spot of the retina of the human eye, comprises three xanthophyll pigments: lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso‐zeaxanthin, playing numerous important biological functions. Macular xanthophylls are exposed to relatively strong illumination in the eye, owing to the fact that the yellow spot is localized on the optical axis, in the frontal layer with respect to photoreceptors. In the present work, we address the problem of photostability and possible photoisomerization of macular xanthophylls with the application of resonance Raman spectroscopy. The results show photostability of the two major isomers of the macular xanthophylls, all‐trans and 9‐cis, and efficient photoconversion of the 13‐cis isomer to the 9‐cis and mostly to the all‐trans form. We report the Raman spectra of the main molecular configuration forms of the macular xanthophylls, opening an avenue for the examination of their possible presence and photoconversion in natural systems.
Refining the indications for neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with HER2+ breast cancer: A single institution experience
Authors: Pomponio Maria K. , Burkbauer Laura , Goldbach Macy , Nazarian Susanna M. , Xie Fei , Clark Amy S. , Matro Jennifer M. , Fox Kevin R. , Shulman Lawrence N. , Keele Luke J. , Tchou Julia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundWe aim to compare the clinical outcomes of patients with early‐stage HER2+ breast cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).MethodsPatients with non‐metastatic HER2+ breast cancer treated from 2009 to 2018 at our institution comprised our study cohort (n = 1254). Pathologic complete response (pCR) was defined as the absence of invasive disease in the breast and axilla after NAC. Log‐rank, Kaplan–Meier, and inverse probability of treatment weighting were used to assess differences in disease‐free and overall survival between groups stratified by AC vs. NAC and pCR vs. non‐pCR.ResultsThe majority received AC (n = 787 or 62.8%) while 467 (37.2%) patients received NAC. Median follow up for AC and NAC groups was 46 and 28 months, respectively. The crude disease‐free survival and overall survival of our study cohort were 92.2% and 89.1% for AC, 89.1% and 82.2% for NAC pCR, and 68.1% and 60.0% for NAC non‐pCR, respectively. For clinical stage ≥IIB patients, NAC conferred a positive but statistically nonsignificant treatment effect over AC in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsAfter adjusting for imbalances in our subgroups, we found that, regardless of the sequence of chemotherapy (AC vs. NAC), patients with early‐stage HER2+ breast cancer had excellent outcomes.
Impact of minimally invasive gastrectomy on use of and time to adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Farrow Norma E. , Freischlag Kyle W. , Adam Mohamed A. , Blazer Dan G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapy improves outcomes in patients with resectable gastric cancer. Minimally invasive gastrectomy (MIS) rates are increasing, though the impact of MIS on postoperative chemotherapy remains uncertain. This study examines the impact of MIS vs open gastrectomy (OG) on utilization of adjuvant chemotherapy for high‐risk gastric cancer.MethodsPatients in the National Cancer Database who underwent resection for high‐risk gastric adenocarcinoma between 2010 and 2015 were included. Patients were stratified by surgical approach (MIS vs OG) and analyzed using multivariable regression modeling. Primary endpoints were utilization of and time to initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy.ResultsOverall, 23 071 patients were included; 16 595 (71.9%) underwent OG and 6476 (28.1%) underwent MIS. After adjusting for patient and tumor characteristics, MIS was not associated with increased use of adjuvant chemotherapy (odds ratio [OR]: 1.027, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95 to 1.11, P = .50), and time to initiation of chemotherapy was similar (−2% change, 95% CI: −5% to +1%, P = .27). MIS was associated with shorter hospital stays (−1 day). Thirty‐day readmission rates, 90‐day mortality, and overall survival were similar between groups.ConclusionsIn this study, while MIS for gastric adenocarcinoma was associated with shorter hospital stays and comparable survival, it was not associated with improved utilization or time to initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy.
Worth the effort: Why societies should make room for books
Authors: Compton Dana , Cochran Angela 
Published: January 2020

Key points
With increased pressure on longstanding society business models, society journal publishers must pursue more aggressive growth strategies to remain competitive.
A practitioner‐focused book portfolio that translates research into practice offers an opportunity to establish an alternative revenue stream and an additional path for society member engagement.
Societies are in a unique position to capitalize on their existing connections to industry via their membership base.
Brief, easy‐to‐consume content and interactive tools are of the greatest appeal to the practitioner audience.
Focusing on shorter, template‐driven formats and more frequent updates allows society publishers to develop content more rapidly and at lower cost.
Challenges include incentivizing society members to author and review the content, identifying individuals who are capable of doing so, and obtaining adequate internal resources.
Developing normal number of small segments‐activity clouds of the electromyography interference pattern
Authors: Li Chuqiao , Jiang Anqi , Wu Minyi , Wang Yao , Tian Ge , Wang Honghao , Pan Suyue , Peng Yu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundNumber of small segments (NSS) and activity analysis is a mature method for electromyographic automatic interference pattern analysis (IPA), but there are few reports on the application of this technique. Our objective was to establish normal reference values of NSS‐activity clouds.MethodsThe NSS and activity data of the sternocleidomastoid, deltoid, biceps brachii (long head), extensor digitorum communis, abductor digiti minimi, vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius (lateral head) muscles were obtained from 34 men and 25 women, aged 15–80 years, using concentric needle electrodes. A linear regression of log(NSS) vs log(activity) was performed and the slope, intercept and standard deviation were calculated for each muscle. These variables were transformed back to the original parameters to yield clouds.ResultsNormal NSS‐activity clouds for the above eight muscles were obtained.ConclusionsNormal reference values of NSS‐activity may facilitate detection of early and mild neurogenic and myogenic abnormalities.
Evaluation of Practical Diets for Juvenile Lost River Suckers
Authors: Barron James M. , Twibell Ronald G. , Wing Kieslana M. , Gannam Ann L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA 9‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate one custom formulation and six commercially available diets when fed to juveniles of the endangered Lost River Sucker Deltistes luxatus. The seven treatments included the following: two catfish Ictalurus spp. diets, a tilapia Oreochromis spp. diet, a shrimp diet, a general warmwater fish diet, a general fish diet, and a feed formulated at the Abernathy Fish Technology Center (Abernathy sucker diet). The general fish diet produced fish that were significantly larger than the fish fed the other diets. The Lost River Suckers fed the general fish diet or the Abernathy sucker diet averaged 99.0% survival for the duration of the trial, which was significantly higher than in Lost River Suckers fed all other diets except for one catfish diet. Spinal deformities were significantly less frequent in fish fed the general fish diet and the Abernathy sucker diet. Whole‐body proximate and fatty acid composition were affected by diet. Whole‐body fatty acid profiles generally mirrored the diet profiles. The general fish diet appears to be an effective diet for juvenile Lost River Suckers, although the Abernathy sucker diet should be considered for further development as it yielded high survival and no incidence of spinal deformity.
Non‐Standard Cosmological Models and The Trans‐Planckian Censorship Conjecture
Authors: Torabian Mahdi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe trans‐Planckian censorship conjecture (TCC) puts an upper bound on the life‐time of de Sitter spacetimes. It has immediate consequences for inflationary cosmology. In the standard paradigm, the universe has experienced a single stage of inflation and follows a thermal history. Then, the TCC puts an upper bound on the Hubble parameter during inflation Hinf around 0.1 GeV. Consequently, it implies a severe fine‐tuning in initial condition for inflation and non‐detection of primordial gravitational waves. In this note, we study non‐standard cosmological paradigms with non‐thermal history and/or multiple stages of inflations. It is motivated by string theory compactifications and axiverse scenarios in which the modulus/axion fields are effective in the early universe. In early matter domination the TCC bound on Hinf can be raised up to 3 orders of magnitude. In multiple inflationary scenarios the upper bound on the observable inflation can be raised up 1014 GeV to touch the Planck 2018 bound.