bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using multiple self‐regulated learning measures to understand medical students' biomedical science learning
Authors: Gandomkar Roghayeh , Yazdani Kamran , Fata Ladan , Mehrdad Ramin , Mirzazadeh Azim , Jalili Mohammad , Sandars John 
Published: February 2020

AbstractContextUnderstanding self‐regulated learning (SRL) is complicated due to the different measures used to identify the key SRL processes. There is a growing trend in applying event measures of SRL (microanalysis and trace) but aptitude measures (questionnaires) continue to be widely used in medical education. A major concern is whether aptitude measures are a valid approach to capture the dimensions of SRL processes. This study examined correlations between SRL microanalysis, SRL trace and the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) and how these measures were associated with biomedical science performance.MethodsAn SRL microanalysis assessment interview was administered to 76 first‐year medical students individually when performing a biomedical science learning task. All written materials by students were collected for further trace analysis. Students completed an MSLQ 2 weeks before completing their biomedical science course. Correlation analyses were used to determine the correlations between the three SRL assessment measures. Bivariate and multiple analyses were conducted to compare students on different course or task performance using the three SRL assessment measures.ResultsMicroanalytic metacognitive monitoring (κ = 0.30, P < .001) and causal attributions (κ = 0.17, P = .009) had statistically significant correlations with use of the SRL trace strategy. MSLQ self‐efficacy correlated with microanalytic self‐efficacy (r = .39, P = .001). Bivariate tests showed that microanalytic metacognitive monitoring, causal attributions and adaptive inferences, and SRL trace strategy use had significant associations with task performance (P < .05). Microanalytic self‐efficacy, metacognitive monitoring and causal attributions, SRL trace strategy use and MSLQ self‐efficacy had significant associations with course performance (P < .05). Measures of use of the SRL trace strategy and MSLQ subscales did not show significant associations with task and course outcomes in multiple analyses (P > .05).ConclusionsEvent measures, specifically SRL microanalysis, had greater associations with both task and course outcomes compared with the MSLQ measure. The SRL microanalysis is recommended for the assessment of SRL in biomedical science learning. However, to fully understand medical students’ SRL a multidimensional assessment approach that combines event and aptitude measures should be used.
“We Confess that we are Atheists”
Authors: Bullivant Stephen 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn the immortal words of Herbert McCabe, ‘Whatever we are referring to when we use the word “God” it can no more be a god than it can be a model aeroplane or half-past eleven’ (God Still Matters). This striking idea – the “atheism” of true Christianity – has, in fact, a long pedigree. This paper traces its history from the early Church to the Angelic Doctor himself. The essential point is this: if our God really is who Christians claim God is, then all our words about God – including the word “god” – must necessarily fall short.
Mildew Locus O facilitates colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in angiosperms
Authors: Jacott Catherine N. , Charpentier Myriam , Murray Jeremy D. , Ridout Christopher J. 
Published: February 2020

Summary

Loss of barley Mildew Resistance Locus O (MLO) is known to confer durable and robust resistance to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis), a biotrophic fungal leaf pathogen. Based on the increased expression of MLO in mycorrhizal roots and its presence in a clade of the MLO family that is specific to mycorrhizal‐host species, we investigated the potential role of MLO in arbuscular mycorrhizal interactions.

Using mutants from barley (Hordeum vulgare), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and Medicago truncatula, we demonstrate a role for MLO in colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis.

Early mycorrhizal colonization was reduced in mlo mutants of barley, wheat, and M. truncatula, and this was accompanied by a pronounced decrease in the expression of many of the key genes required for intracellular accommodation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

These findings show that clade IV MLOs are involved in the establishment of symbiotic associations with beneficial fungi, a role that has been appropriated by powdery mildew.
Why young women gain weight: A narrative review of influencing factors and possible solutions
Authors: Pegington Mary , French David P. , Harvie Michelle N. 
Published: February 2020

SummarySignificant weight gain occurs in women during young adulthood, which increases risk of diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and many cancers. This review aims to inform future individually targeted weight gain prevention programmes and summarizes possible targets: key life events, mediators that influence energy intake and physical activity levels, and moderators that could identify groups of women at greatest risk. Life events affecting weight include pregnancy and motherhood, smoking cessation, marriage and cohabiting, attending university, and possibly bereavement. Research has identified successful methods for preventing weight gain associated with pregnancy and motherhood, which could now be used in practice, but evidence is inconclusive for preventing weight gain around other life events. Weight gain is mediated by lack of knowledge and skills around food and nutrition, depression, anxiety, stress, satiety, neural responses, and possibly sleep patterns and premenstrual cravings. A paucity of research exists into altering these to limit weight gain. Moderators include socioeconomic status, genetics, personality traits, and eating styles. More research is required to identify at‐risk females and engage them in weight gain prevention. There is a need to address evidence gaps highlighted and implement what is currently known to develop effective strategies to limit weight gain in young women.
Investigating self‐concept in self‐harm: A repertory grid study
Authors: Taylor Peter J. , Usher Sunny , Jomar Khowla , Forrester Rebecca 
Published: February 2020

ObjectivesThe way that individuals perceive themselves and others may be relevant in understanding difficulties with self‐harm. Repertory grids provide a relatively underutilized means of investigating self‐concept in people who self‐harm. This study aimed to examine the association between self‐concept, captured through a repertory grid method, and self‐harm.MethodNinety‐eight participants with a history of self‐harm took part in the study. A repertory grid was used to derive distances between four elements (‘current self’, ‘ideal self’, ‘self‐harming self’, and ‘others who self‐harm’). Associations between these distances and measures of self‐harm behaviour, well‐being and perceived recovery, were estimated.ResultsRepertory grid distances were significantly associated with self‐harm. When adjusting for covariates, self‐harm in the past year was positively associated with a greater distance (or less perceived similarity) between current and ideal self, and a smaller distance (greater perceived similarity) between current self and others who self‐harm. Repertory grid distances were also associated with well‐being and perceived recovery.ConclusionsThe results are consistent with the idea that self‐perception is associated with self‐harm and related difficulties. The results also highlight the potential utility of repertory grids as a tool for exploring self‐concept. The cross‐sectional nature of the study precludes inferences about directionality or the temporal characteristics of associations.Practitioner points

More recent experiences of self‐harm may be reflected in the way individuals perceive or construe themselves.

The way in which individuals who self‐harm perceive or construe themselves may also be related to their current well‐being and perceived recovery.

Repertory grids may be a useful tool in clinical practice for investigating self‐concept in those who self‐harm.

Repertory grids may provide a more idiographic, clinical outcome assessment in those who self‐harm.
Genomic prediction of grain yield in commercial Finnish oat (Avena sativa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) breeding programmes
Authors: Haikka Hanna , Knürr Timo , Manninen Outi , Pietilä Leena , Isolahti Mika , Teperi Esa , Mäntysaari Esa A. , Strandén Ismo 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGenomic selection has been adopted in many plant breeding programmes. In this paper, we cover some aspects of information necessary before starting genomic selection. Spring oat and barley breeding data sets from commercial breeding programmes were studied using single, multitrait and trait‐assisted models for predicting grain yield. Heritabilities were higher when estimated using multitrait models compared to single‐trait models. However, no corresponding increase in prediction accuracy was observed in a cross‐validation scenario. On the other hand, forward prediction showed a slight, but not significant, increase in accuracy of genomic estimated breeding values for breeding cohorts when a multitrait model was applied. When a correlated trait was used in a trait‐assisted model, on average the accuracies increased by 9%–14% for oat and by 11%–28% for barley compared with a single‐trait model. Overall, accuracies in forward validation varied between breeding cohorts and years for grain yield. Forward prediction accuracies for multiple cohorts and multiple years’ data are reported for oat for the first time.
Association between tumor characteristics and second primary cancers with cutaneous melanoma survival: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Zheng Guoqiao , Chattopadhyay Subhayan , Sundquist Kristina , Sundquist Jan , Försti Asta , Hemminki Akseli , Hemminki Kari 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe increased survival in malignant cutaneous melanoma (melanoma) is probably due to early diagnosis combined with improved treatment most recently. National health campaigns and screening programs for melanoma detection were started in Sweden several decades ago. We want to assess the influence of tumor characteristics, based on the TNM classification, and of second primary cancers on overall survival in melanoma. We used the Swedish Cancer Registry to assess all‐cause survival in melanoma from 2003 to 2015. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using multivariable Cox regression models. A total of 19,773 melanoma patients were diagnosed with TNM data. Survival showed a strong improving trend over time (p‐trend <.001). T1a was the most common classification (48.0% of all), while higher T class was associated systematically with worse survival (p‐trend <.001). For distant metastases, the HR was 3.17, accounting for 0.9% of the patients. Any types of second primary cancers, other than melanoma, were associated with an HR of 2.00, accounted for 6.7% of all cases. Even if melanoma survival in Sweden ranks among the best national rates, the large percentage of patients with advanced tumors (T3b, T4a, and T4b, 17%) and 21% of deaths with T1a call for improved preventive and follow‐up strategies.
Activity limitation in children with cerebral palsy and parenting stress, depression, and self‐esteem: A structural equation model
Authors: Park Eun‐Young , Kim Jung‐Hee 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe challenges associated with the activity limitation and participation constraints of children with cerebral palsy may increase their parents' stress. The present study aims to identify the factors associated with parenting stress in mothers of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and to test the multidimensional assumptions of the condition, focusing on the relationship between stress, self‐esteem, and depression among parents and the activity limitation of their children.MethodsWe used structural equation modeling to examine the relationships between activity limitation (gross and fine motor, and communication function) in children with CP and their mothers' depression, self‐esteem, and parenting stress. The participants were 217 children with CP (123 boys; 94 girls). The mean age of the children involved in the study was 6.61 (SD = 2.76). The types of CP were spastic (71.0%), dyskinetic / athetotic (7.8%), ataxic (4.6%), and mixed (5.5%). We further used structural equation modeling to investigate the mediating influence of depression and self‐esteem on parent‐child relationships, and the direct effects on parenting stress.ResultsThe proposed model showed excellent fit indices. Activity limitation had an indirect effect and depression had a direct effect on self‐esteem. Activity limitation and depression had effects on parenting stress both directly and indirectly, whereas self‐esteem had only a direct effect on parenting stress.ConclusionsThe results highlight the importance of identifying parental depression and self‐esteem as predictive variables for parenting stress among parents of children with CP, as well as children's activity limitation.
Chaetopterus variopedatus Bioluminescence: A Review of Light Emission within a Species Complex
Authors: Mirza Jeremy D. , Migotto Álvaro E. , Yampolsky Ilia V. , de Moraes Gabriela V. , Tsarkova Aleksandra S. , Oliveira Anderson G. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractChaetopterus variopedatus has been studied for over a century in terms of its physiology, ecology and life history. One focus of research is on its intrinsic bioluminescent emissions, which can be observed as a blue light emitted from the extremities of individual body segments, or as a secreted mucus. Even though research shows that C. variopedatus is a species complex miscategorized as a single species, all of the variants of this polychaete produce light, which has been investigated in terms of both physiology and biochemistry. Despite decades of study, there are still many questions about the luminescence reaction, and, as of yet, no clear function for light emission exists. This review summarizes the current knowledge on C. variopedatus luminescence in addition to briefly describing its morphology, life cycle and ecology. Possible functions for luminescence were discussed using observations of specimens found in Brazil, along with a comparison of previous studies of other luminescent organisms. Further study will provide a better understanding of how and why C. variopedatus produces luminescence, and purifying the protein and luciferin involved could lead to new bioanalytical applications, as this reaction is unique among all known luminescent systems.
An eggplant SmICE1a gene encoding MYC‐type ICE1‐like transcription factor enhances freezing tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zhou L. , He Y. J. , Li J. , Li L. Z. , Liu Y. , Chen H. Y. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Low temperature is a crucial environmental factor affecting the quality and production of eggplant. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the molecular mechanisms of low temperature response.

We isolated an ICE (inducer of CBF expression) gene from Solanum melongena, named SmICE1a. We then analysed structure, transcriptional activity and expression patterns of SmICE1a. Moreover, we also expressed SmICE1a in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Bioinformatics and expression analysis showed that SmICE1a has a typical S‐rich motif, ZIP region, bHLH and ACT‐like domain. The gene SmICE1a had transcriptional activity in yeast and was localized to the nucleus following transient expression in tobacco leaves, which suggests that SmICE1a is a transcription factor. A dual‐LUC assay revealed that SmICE1a can enhance expression of SmCBF. Overexpression of SmICE1a in Arabidopsis increased freezing tolerance and caused multiple biochemical changes: transgenic lines have higher proline content and lower electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde than the wild type in cold conditions. The expression of AtCBF and their target genes, AtCOR15A, AtCOR47, AtKIN1 and AtRD29A, were up‐regulated in SmICE1a‐overexpressing plants under low temperatures.

Based on these results, we suggest that SmICE1a plays an important role in cold response, which may help to understand the cold response mechanism in eggplant and could be used to enhance cold tolerance of eggplant in future.
Prenatal dietary exposures and offspring body size from 6 months to 18 years: A systematic review
Authors: Litvak Jacqueline , Parekh Niyati , Deierlein Andrea 
Published: February 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn utero dietary exposures may influence childhood obesity.ObjectivesTo evaluate the relationship between prenatal dietary exposures and offspring body size from 6 months to 18 years.Data sourcesArticles were identified in PubMed and Web of Science (January 2010‐March 2018) using the PRISMA guidelines. Additional studies were identified through a reference review of articles that met the inclusion criteria and related reviews.Study selectionProspective cohort studies that assessed dietary patterns, foods, macronutrients, or beverages during healthy pregnancy and offspring body size. The extraction of articles was done using predefined data fields.SynthesisOne author extracted all information and evaluated bias with the NHLBI's Quality Assessment Tool.ResultsA total of 851 research articles were evaluated. Twenty‐one studies assessing dietary patterns, macronutrients, foods, and beverages met inclusion criteria. Consumption of a Mediterranean dietary pattern during pregnancy was associated with reduced body size, while refined carbohydrates were associated with offspring obesity. No association was observed between data‐driven dietary patterns and offspring body size, as well as a pro‐inflammatory diet pattern and offspring body size. Mixed and null findings were observed for the relationship between total carbohydrates, n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, protein, sugar‐sweetened beverages, and artificially sweetened beverages and offspring body size.ConclusionsAdhering to a Mediterranean diet and limiting refined carbohydrates during pregnancy may influence offspring body size between 6 months and 18 years. The diverging results that exist between studies highlight the complexity of this topic.
Lasers in the surgical treatment of canine prostatic neoplasia and selected tumours of the male reproductive system
Authors: Tunikowska Joanna , Prządka Przemysław , Kiełbowicz Zdzisław 
Published: February 2020

AbstractLight‐based technologies are applied in various fields of medicine: for example optical diagnostics, light‐activated therapy and surgery. Although light‐based surgical procedures had hardly been a novelty, the revolutionizing moment for surgery came with the first use of light to cut tissue. Nowadays, surgical lasers are routinely used across numerous medical specialties, including gynaecology and urology. They are a part of the surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate carcinoma, penis carcinoma, genital skin lesions and orchidectomy. While in human urology lasers continue to establish their position as one of the standard surgical tools, veterinary patients are rarely treated with what here is still considered a technical innovation. However, through research on laser treatment of the prostate hyperplasia conducted on a canine model, veterinary medicine has gained a massive portion of data. It may prove beneficial for our clinical patients. In this review, we introduce the very principles of laser surgery as well as its current and future applications in oncologic surgery of the canine prostate gland and the male reproductive system.
Atypical presentation and pathogenesis of a macaque lymphocryptoviral‐associated B‐cell lymphoma in a cynomolgus monkey
Authors: Adedeji Adeyemi O. , Vemireddi Vimala , Tripathi Niraj , Durinck Steffen , Maher Jonathan M. , Vucic Domagoj , Halpern Wendy 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe report the unique pathogenesis and presentation of a rapidly progressive B‐cell lymphoma in a 3‐year‐old female cynomolgus monkey on day 50 of a 13‐week toxicity study. Clinical pathology evaluation revealed a marked leukocytosis with bicytopenia. A serum protein electrophoresis was consistent with monoclonal gammopathy. The architecture of the lymph node, spleen, and thymus were variably effaced by neoplastic cells, which also infiltrated other tissues. Immunohistochemistry of the affected tissues confirmed a predominant population of CD20+, CD79a+, CD3‐, CD68‐, and CD34‐neoplastic cells. The full data best support a diagnosis of Stage V lymphoma. Nextgen sequencing and negative prestudy serology results suggested a recent infection by macaque lymphocryptovirus (mLCV) with a unique transcriptional profile comparable with a rarely observed direct LCV infection model. This infection model might be associated with a temporary lack of an LCV antigen‐specific cytotoxic T‐cell adaptive immune response. Consistent with the established mechanisms of LCV‐related lymphoproliferation, MYC and BCL2L11 gene expression were increased and decreased, respectively. While there was no overt immunosuppression, immunophenotyping revealed the index animal had a relatively low NK cell count, which further decreased by >50% on day 24 of the study. In addition to the temporary lack of adaptive immunity, the low NK cell counts were suggestive of an impaired innate immunity to control the virally‐transformed cells and the subsequent unchecked lymphoproliferation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a Stage V lymphoma with a unique pathogenesis in an otherwise immunocompetent cynomolgus monkey.
Aspectos biomédicos del accidente ofídico
Authors: Sarmiento Acuña Karen 
Published: February 2020

En Colombia el accidente ofídico constituye un problema de salud pública que tiene su mayor incidencia en la zona rural, donde se ha observado un déficit de conocimientos en los médicos en cuanto al diagnóstico y tratamiento del ofidismo, así como en el adecuado manejo de los sueros antiofídicos.Debido a esto se decidió hacer una revisión sistemática de artículos en Pubmed y bibliotecas especializadas, con el objetivo de revisar la información disponible a nivel nacional sobre el ofidismo, que dio como resultado el presente artículo, que abarca de manera general las bases diagnósticas del envenenamiento ofídico y el tratamiento médico basado en los antídotos disponibles en el país.Como conclusión, cabe resaltar la importancia de tener en cuenta lo que no se debe hacer en casos de accidente ofídico, ya que representa la principal medida preventiva de complicaciones.