bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global and Regional Prevalence and Burden of Latent and Acute Toxoplasmosis in People Living With HIV: an Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Rostami Ali , Riahi Seyed Mohammad , Sagha Shayan Abdollahzadeh , Taghipour Ali , Sepidarkish Mahdi , Afroozi Mousa Mohammadnia , Gamble Ray 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background: Toxoplasma gondii infection is one of the most prevalent opportunistic and life-threatening infections in people living with HIV (PLWH). Here, we undertook a meta-analysis to estimate the global prevalence of latent (LT) and acute (AT) toxoplasmosis in PLWH.Methods: Eligible studies reporting the prevalence of LT or AT in PLWH were searched from January 1980 to July 2020, using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Sciences, SciELO and Embase databases. We used a random effects model to calculate pooled prevalence estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and evaluated overall burden of co-infection worldwide. Countries were categorised based on World Health Organization regions. Multiple subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed.Results: From 4,024 studies identified, 150 (involving 44,473 PLWH) and 65 (involving 17,705 PLWH) studies met the inclusion criteria, for LT and AT in PLWH, respectively. The overall prevalence rates of LT and AT in PLWH were 37.4% (95% CI, 33.4–4.4) and 1.3% (95%CI, 0.9–1.8%), respectively. We estimated that, worldwide, approximately 14.2 and 0.5 million PLWH are affected by LT and AT, respectively. The highest and lowest burden of LT and AT were seen in the African and Western Pacific regions, respectively. Moreover prevalence rates were highest in countries with low levels of income and human development indexes. We indicated that eating raw/undercooked meat, frequent contact with soil, low numbers of CD4+ T lymphocytes and older age were significant risk factors of toxoplasmosis in PLWH.Conclusion: Our findings revealed that, a high number of PLWH are exposed to or infected with T. gondii. These findings suggest a need for more routine testing, care of, and treatment for T. gondii infection in all PLWH, and educating these patients about risk factors and preventive measures to reduce the burden of both latent and acute toxoplasmosis.
Risk factors for post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder after pediatric liver transplantation in China
Authors: Liu Li-min , Deng Zhao-hui , Yang Kai-hua , Zhou Tao , Gu Guang-xiang 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) after liver transplantation in children. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and laboratory data of patients treated and followed up at Shanghai Children's Medical Center between January 2012 and January 2019. Twenty-four patients with PTLD were enrolled in this study using a 1:2 pairing design. Each case was matched with two controls that had undergone liver transplantation within the same year but did not develop PTLD during the follow-up period. A total of 72 patients were included in this study.Results: Univariate analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, tacrolimus blood concentration, Platelet (PTL), Aspartate aminotransferase(AST),Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and Cholesterol(CHOL).Multivariate logistics regression analysis revealed that EBV infection was an independent risk factor for PTLD.Conclusions: EBV infection is an independent risk factor for PTLD. When uncontrolled proliferation of EBV occurs after organ transplantation, the dosage of immunosuppressive agents should be appropriately reduced.
Factors associated with an inadequate volume of expressed milk among mothers of preterm and low birth weight neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive CcareUnits of Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: kedida misgana hirpha , Asfaw Hussen Mekonnen , Fenta Fikirtemariam Abebe 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background

Globally among live births born annually about 15 million are born prematurely before 37 completed weeks. Born preterm is one factor for suboptimal breastfeeding. This study aimed to identify factors associated with an inadequate volume of expressed milk among mothers of preterm and Low Birth Weight neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Units of government hospitals in Addis Ababa.
Methods

Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted in government hospitals providing Neonatal Intensive Care Units on a total of 124 mothers who were available in Neonatal Intensive Care Units during the study period.
Results

About one-third of the respondents (33.9%) were not able to express the required amount of milk. Stable health status of a baby (AOR = 0.24; CI = 0.07 to 0.86), the fair (subcritical) health status of a baby (AOR = 0.18; CI = 0.04 to 0.76), worry about volume milk (AOR = 3.51; CI = 1.40 to 8.80) and worry about the health status of the baby (AOR = 3.88; CI = 1.61 to 9.90) were significantly associated with an inadequate volume of expressed breast milk
Conclusions

The present study revealed that 33.9% of mothers were not able to express an adequate amount of milk. To promote an adequate amount of expressed breast milk health care providers have to alleviate the psychological problems of mothers in the Neonatal Intensive CcareUnits and providing all possible care to prevent deterioration of neonates.
Metadichol®, a Novel Nano Lipid Formulation that Inhibits SARS-COV-2 and a Multitude of Pathological Viruses in vitro
Authors: Raghavan Palayakotai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

New pathogenic virus outbreaks, occurring with increasing regularity, are leading us to explore novel approaches, which will reduce the reliance on time-consuming vaccine modes to halt the outbreaks. The requirement is to find a universal approach to disarm any new and as yet unknown viruses as they appear. A promising approach could be targeting lipid membranes, which are common to all viruses and bacteria.The ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) has reaffirmed the importance of interactions between components of the host cell plasma membrane and the virus envelope as a critical mechanism of infection. Metadichol®, a nano lipid emulsion, has been examined and shown to be a strong candidate to help stop the proliferation of SARS-COV-2.Naturally derived substances, such as long-chain saturated lipid alcohols, reduce the infectivity of various types of viruses, including coronaviruses such as SARS-COV-2, by modifying lipid-dependent attachment to human host cells. SARS-COV-2 uses the receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming.Metadichol®, a nano lipid formulation of long-chain alcohols, has been shown to inhibit TMPRSS2 (EC50 96 ng/ml). Compared to the inhibitor camostat mesylate (EC50 26000 ng/ml), it is 270 times more potent. Additionally, Metadichol® is also a extremely weak inhibitor of ACE2 at 31 µg/ml. Further a live virus assay in Caco2 cells, Metadichol® inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication with an EC90 of 0.16 µg/ml.
The effects of accounting knowledge, entrepreneurial traits, and subjective norms on the use of accounting information in investment decision making (case study on MSME actors in Gunungkidul Regency)
Authors: Rahmiyanti Firdha , Pratiwi Reza Adellya , Yuningrum Heny , Muyassarah Muyassarah 
Published: December 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of accounting knowledge, entrepreneurial traits, and subjective norms on the use of accounting information on making investment decisions of MSME actors in Gunungkidul Regency.Method - This study uses quantitative research methodology by purposive sampling. The gathered data in this study were processed using the SPSS program. This study was carried out on 20 February to 20 March 2020. The population in this study was businessmen of MSMEs in Gunungkidul Regency who had used accounting documentation. The research took 60 respondents as a sample of the study. Result - This study resulted that the variables of accounting knowledge and entrepreneurial traits have a positive and significant effect on the use of accounting information in making investment decisions of MSME actors in Gunungkidul Regency; While the subjective norms variable does not have a positive and significant effect on the use of accounting information in making investment decisions of MSME actors in the Gunungkidul Regency.Implication - Future research can expand the object of research in several other regencies and can add other research variables.Originality - The researchers added an independent variable that is subjective norms and entrepreneurial traits, whereas the previous researchers only used accounting knowledge as the independent variable.
Identification and Biological Properties of the Pathogen of Soft Rot of Tomatoes in the Greenhouse
Authors: Kolomiiets Yuliia , Grygoryuk Ivan , Butsenko Lyudmila , Bohoslavets Vita , Blume Yaroslav , Yemets Alla 
Published: December 2020

Recently, in the greenhouses of Ukraine, a sharp increase in the infestation of tomato plants with soft (wet) rot has been registered.

Purpose:
To identify the pathogen of the soft rot, study its biological properties and develop practical recommendations for plant protection measures.

Methods:
The work was performed using classical microbiological and biochemical research methods. The API 20E (Bio Merieux) test system was used to study the physiological and biochemical properties of the bacteria. The study of bacterial fatty acids was carried out by mass-spectrometry.

Results:
Using a bacteriological analysis of tomato plants selected in greenhouses of the Kyiv region, for the first time, virulent strains from this crop were identified and assigned, according to their physiological, biochemical, morphological and cultural characteristics, to the Pectobacterium carotovorum species. The fatty acid profile of the total cell lipids of the isolated strains was distinguished by the presence of 1,13‒1,17%, of 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, which is typical for P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. It was found that the isolated strains were sensitive to oxychloride and copper hydroxide-based fungicides with 10,5 to 17,5 mm growth inhibition zones.

Conclusion:
The causative agent of soft (wet) rot of tomatoes in greenhouses is P. carotovorum subsp. сarotovorum. Fungicides with oxychloride and copper hydroxide are recommended as the active agents to protect tomato plants from the pathogen.
Drivers of Acceptance of COVID-19 Proximity Tracing Apps in Switzerland: Panel Survey Analysis
Authors: von Wyl Viktor , Höglinger Marc , Sieber Chloé , Kaufmann Marco , Moser André , Serra-Burriel Miquel , Ballouz Tala , Menges Dominik , Frei Anja , Puhan Milo Alan 
Published: December 2020

Background
Digital proximity tracing apps have been released to mitigate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus known to cause COVID-19. However, it remains unclear how the acceptance and uptake of these apps can be improved.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the coverage of the SwissCovid app and the reasons for its nonuse in Switzerland during a period of increasing incidence of COVID-19 cases.

Methods
We collected data between September 28 and October 8, 2020, via a nationwide online panel survey (COVID-19 Social Monitor, N=1511). We examined sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with app use by using multivariable logistic regression, whereas reasons for app nonuse were analyzed descriptively.

Results
Overall, 46.5% (703/1511) of the survey participants reported they used the SwissCovid app, which was an increase from 43.9% (662/1508) reported in the previous study wave conducted in July 2020. A higher monthly household income (ie, income >CHF 10,000 or >US $11,000 vs income ≤CHF 6000 or <US $6600 [reference]: odds ratio [OR] 1.92, 95% CI 1.40-2.64), more frequent internet use (ie, daily [reference] vs less than weekly: OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.16-0.85), better adherence to recommendations for wearing masks (ie, always or most of the time [reference] vs rarely or never: OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.15-0.52), and nonsmoker status (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.01-1.71) were associated with an increased likelihood for app uptake. Citizenship status (ie, non-Swiss citizenship vs. Swiss [reference]: OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.43-0.87), and language region (French vs Swiss German [reference]: OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.46-0.80) were associated with a lower likelihood for app uptake. Further analysis in a randomly selected subsample (n=712) with more detailed information showed that higher levels of trust in government and health authorities were also associated with a higher likelihood for app uptake (ie, high vs low [reference] trust: OR 3.13, 95% CI 1.58-6.22). The most frequent reasons for app nonuse were lack of perceived benefit of using the app (297/808, 36.8%), followed by the lack of a compatible phone (184/808, 22.8%), and privacy concerns (181/808, 22.4%).

Conclusions
Eliminating technical hurdles and communicating the benefits of digital proximity tracing apps are crucial to promote further uptake and adherence of such apps and, ultimately, enhance their effectiveness to aid pandemic mitigation strategies.
A Former Crown’s Vision for Empowering Survivors of Sexual Violence
Authors: Bellehumeur Karen 
Published: December 2020

Our method for combatting sexual violence in Canada is failing. Survivors of sexual violence have lost confidence in the criminal justice system as evidenced by the extremely low reporting rate to the police. While victims generally wish to hold perpetrators accountable, their reluctance to engage the criminal justice system is a clear indication that the cost (psychologically and emotionally) is too high. Survivors need more protection from re-traumatization and something must change in order to hold perpetrators accountable and deter sexual violence. In this article I propose a fully funded confidential trauma-informed model of victim representation for survivors of sexual violence to better protect their rights and facilitate equal access to justice. I find support for my proposed model by looking to systems of victim representation internationally, in the U.S. Military and in the International Criminal Court. Studies of these models demonstrate that they more meaningfully engage victims with the justice system and mitigate harm in various ways. I also demonstrate why the criticisms of these models are unwarranted. Finally I provide an analysis regarding equality rights under the Canadian Charter and outline why our current process is discriminatory and undermines the equality of women. I conclude that allowing legal representation offers overwhelming value and empowerment to survivors of sexual violence by improving their protection from harm and increasing their access to justice. I further postulate that providing this support to survivors could increase the reporting rate for sexual violence and thereby contribute to reducing the rate of sexually offending with impunity.
¿Podría la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica establecer un modelo incubación regional?
Authors: Camacho Barboza Jorge 
Published: December 2020

En muchos países del mundo existe la necesidad de impulsar y apoyar el emprendedurismo como alternativa para alcanzar el bienestar de sus pueblos. Al respecto, la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH) ha promovido el fomento y apoyo a estudiantes y público en general para que generen sus propias empresas. Por otra parte, La Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED) ha jugado un papel importante en el apoyo del emprendimiento en las distintas regiones de Costa Rica. Una serie de buenas prácticas de la UAEH podrían ser adaptadas por la UNED para establecer un nuevo modelo de apoyo al emprendimiento.
Modelo Boliviano de Excelencia y su relación con el Modelo Iberoamericano y con el Vivir Bien propuesto por el gobierno
Authors: Goitia Castro Lucio Hector 
Published: December 2020

El ensayo muestra la relación del Modelo Boliviano de Excelencia con el Modelo Iberoamericano y como este ha sido modificado para adaptarse a la política del Vivir Bien propuesto por el gobierno. Para esto se compararon los modelos y se realizó una investigación sobre la participación de las organizaciones en los premios de excelencia durante los últimos 7 años. Uno de los principales hallazgos es el poco interés de las empresas en el Modelo Boliviano debido a la falta de divulgación, a la alineación del mismo hacia los resultados de sociedad apartándose de las expectativas de los grupos de interés y al distanciamiento entre las empresas privadas con las iniciativas del gobierno del expresidente. Los resultados son innovadores, dado que, en Bolivia, todavía no se tienen medidas que analicen y mejoren esta situación.
Capacidad antioxidante y contenido de polifenoles totales de extractos de tallo de Stevia rebaudiana en varios modelos in vitro.
Authors: Mendoza Isaza Natalia Andrea , Hoyos–Arbeláez Jorge Andrés , Peláez-Jaramillo Carlos Alberto 
Published: December 2020

Este artículo presenta la determinación de la capacidad antioxidante y contenido de polifenoles totales en dos extractos, acuoso y orgánico, de tallos de Stevia Rebaudiana variedad Morita II. La capacidad antioxidante se determinó a través de varios ensayos in vitro: el método 1,1-difenil-2-picril-hidrazilo (DPPH), el ensayo de decoloración ácido 2,2′-azino-bis-3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sulfónico (ABTS), el ensayo de la Capacidad de reducción Férrica Antioxidante (FRAP) y polifenoles totales por el reactivo Folin-Ciocalteu. Los resultados se analizaron mediante correlación Person´s. Este trabajo se realizó con el fin de darle un valor agregado al tallo de Stevia y potencializar su uso como fuente de compuestos antioxidantes. Los resultados indican que los extractos de los tallos de Stevia cultivados en Colombia poseen una mayor actividad inhibidora de radicales libres comparado con los reportes de la literatura en cuanto a hoja y tallo. Por lo tanto se puede concluir que los tallos son una fuente accesible de antioxidantes.
Peran perempuan dalam dakwah keluarga
Authors: Asmaya Enung 
Published: December 2020

The role of women in the family is strong and cannot be separated. Its existence is missed and even needed by the children and husband. Women (in this case mother or wife) have a strong heart relationship with children so that the leadership of women in the family cannot be ignored or avoided. However, there are still people who doubt the ability of women as da'wah leaders in the family because of the many dynamics and challenges of preaching in the family. The physical and psychological closeness of women often causes difficulties for children to be obeyed, especially when the children have bad habits. Therefore, this paper will discuss how the leadership of da'wah for women in families. The results of this study explain that women can become play a role as the manager of the family spirit, sholihah morality education, regulator of meeting daily needs and enterainers of family members.
PRONUNCIATION ERRORS MADE BY EFL STUDENT TEACHERS IN SPEECH PERFORMANCE
Authors: Lestari Diah Dwi , Suryani Fitri Budi , Nuraeningsih Nuraeningsih 
Published: December 2020

Pronunciation is one of the key factors in communication. The different pronunciation or different sounds will cause different meanings. It is known that the sound of English vowels and consonants are so much different from Indonesian vowels and consonants. A slip of pronunciation might occur and cause listeners misunderstand the message.This study is aimed at finding the pronunciation errors and the factors contributing to the pronunciation errors made by the EFL student teachers in speech performance.A descriptive qualitative research design was used. The data were collected through document analysis and interview. The result of the study shows that there were 79 errors found, meanwhile the factors contributing to the students’ pronunciations consists of internal external factors.
Criminal Execution of Fines Against the Criminal Actors of Sales of Goods Without Signs of Exchange Refund
Authors: Putri Ika Mutiara 
Published: December 2020

Criminal penal subsidair imprisonment imposed by the panel of judges used as a gap that is used by the convicted person to be free from the obligation to pay fines. Besides that, there are obstacles for the prosecutor to implement the execution of criminal fines, because the criminal fines imposed by the panel of judges are subsidair or can be replaced with confinement bodies. The problem of this research is formulated: how is the practice of the execution of criminal fines against the prepetrators of excise crime, namely the sale of goods without the marking of excise payment. The approach used is normative juridicial and empirical juridicial. Data were collected through literature studies and field studies, then analyzed qualitatively. In accordance with the description of the results of the study shows that: The practice of the execution of fines against the perpetrators of excise criminal acts, namely the sale of goods without the marking of excise payment carried out by the Bandar Lampung District Attorney after receiving a copy of the court's decision from the Registrar no later than one week after the verdict was read. Furthermore, the Head of the Bandar Lampung District Prosecutor's Office issued a Court Decision Execution Order ordering the Prosecutors Team to execute a criminal fine against a convicted tax officer. The results of the execution are then compiled and reported in the Minutes of the Execution of Court Decisions.
Challenges posed by COVID-19 and neurosurgical nursing strategies in developing countries
Authors: Dhandapani Manju , Dhandapani Sivashanmugam 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Neurosurgical patients with stroke, trauma, and brain tumors can be among the victims of the COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries, which need to be managed efficiently.

Methods:
This is an overview of neurosurgical nurses’ challenges and strategies in the current COVID-19 pandemic environment in developing countries.

Results:
Here, we reviewed the unique challenges of providing neurosurgical nursing services during the COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries. We address specific issues such as transferring neurosurgical patients, allocating medical supplies, prioritizing neurosurgical services, COVID-19 testing protocols, and patient triage (emergent vs. urgent vs. delayed surgery). Teleconsultation, telenursing services for outpatient treatment, follow-up and virtual teaching strategies associated with neurosurgical nursing are discussed.

Conclusion:
Neurosurgical nursing during the COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries requires transparent planning, implementation, and careful consideration of various telemedicine strategies.
Successful microsurgical clipping of ruptured fusiform aneurysm of the anterior cerebral artery. Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Dzhindzhikhadze Revaz , Polyakov Andrey , Dreval Oleg , Lazarev Valeriy 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Fusiform aneurysms (FA) of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) are found rarely. The common clinical presentation is a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Surgery is the main treatment to prevent rebleeding.

Case Description:
The authors present a case report of the ruptured FA of the ACA. The presented case demonstrates the successful microsurgical clipping of the fusiform ACA aneurysm.

Conclusion:
A1-segment FA can lead to SAH with poor prognosis. The main goal of surgical treatment is to prevent rebleeding. Direct microsurgical clipping is one of the surgical options.