bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid hypoxia inducible factor‐1 alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha levels in generalized aggressive periodontitis patients
Authors: Afacan Beral , Keleş Yücel Zeynep Pinar , Paşali Çiğdem , Atmaca İlhan Harika , Köse Timur , Emingil Gülnur 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundHypoxia‐inducible angiogenic pathway involving hypoxia inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) may regulate several biological processes related to inflammation. The present study aimed to assess the effect of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) HIF‐1α, VEGF, and TNF‐α levels in generalized aggressive periodontitis (G‐AgP).MethodsTwenty G‐AgP patients and 20 periodontally healthy individuals were included. G‐AgP patients received scaling and root planning (SRP), per quadrant at a 1‐week‐interval, performed with ultrasonic and periodontal hand instruments. GCF samples were collected and clinical periodontal parameters including probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival index and plaque index were recorded at baseline, 1 and 3 months after treatment. Biomarker levels in GCF were analyzed by ELISA.ResultsAt baseline all clinical parameters and GCF HIF‐1α, VEGF, and TNF‐α levels were significantly higher in G‐AgP patients compared to healthy control (P < 0.05). All clinical parameters improved over the 3‐month‐period in G‐AgP patients (P < 0.05). GCF HIF‐1α levels in G‐AgP reduced at 1 and 3 months post‐treatment, however, this did not reach to statistical significance (P > 0.05). GCF VEGF and TNF‐α levels remained unchanged throughout the study period (P > 0.05).ConclusionsWithin the limitations of the present study, although HIF‐1α seems to possess a potential diagnostic value for G‐AgP, it might not be a proper predictor of clinically favorable treatment outcome. SRP plus different adjunctive therapies could provide better information about the prognostic role of hypoxia‐inducible angiogenic pathway in G‐AgP.
Blackening of lead white: Study of model paintings
Authors: Vagnini Manuela , Vivani Riccardo , Sgamellotti Antonio , Miliani Costanza 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study is aimed at clarifying the causes of lead white darkening by studying the behaviour of its two components: cerussite and hydrocerussite. Their degradation processes have been investigated by micro‐Raman spectroscopy both in an alkaline environment generated froma frescoconditions and in the presence of NaClO as an external oxidizing agent. It was confirmed that no darkening of mural paintings components occurs in the alkaline environment, highlighting that any blackening process must be due to an external agent. On the contrary, a markedly different behaviour was observed for cerussite and hydrocerussite in the alkaline conditions generated bya frescotechnique, where formation of different partially oxidized products was observed. Furthermore, the conditions required for blackening of cerussite and hydrocerussite with NaClO were in‐depth investigated by X‐ray diffraction analyses, finding that the reaction products consist of lead (IV) in plattnerite and scrutinyite forms, produced in different amounts. Hydrocerussite turned out to be the more reactive component, giving rise mainly to the more kinetically favoured scrutinyite, whereas, in the case of cerussite, plattnerite was prevalently formed owing to its larger thermodynamical stability.
Effect of high pressure homogenization treatment on the rheological properties of citrus peel fiber/corn oil emulsion
Authors: Bi Chong‐Hao , Yan Zi‐Ming , Wang Peng‐Lin , Alkhatib Ahmed , Zhu Jia‐Yi , Zou Hao‐Chen , Sun Dong‐Yu , Zhu Xin‐Di , Gao Fei , Shi Wen‐Tian , Huang Zhi‐Gang 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDCitrus fiber is a main component in the peel of citrus and contains natural dietary fiber. It is often used as a functional additive to improve the texture or nutritional property of food. It is also widely used to reduce the content of absorbable fat in sausages and other meat products, and to improve food stability as an emulsifier. In this research, the dynamic rheological properties (linear and non‐linear) of citrus peel fiber/corn oil (CF/CO) emulsion system under high pressure homogenization (HPH) treatment was investigated.RESULTRheological results illustrated HPH treatment significantly increased the apparent viscosity of the emulsion, reduced the activation energy of the emulsion and distinctly improved the viscoelasticity of the emulsion. Meanwhile, HPH treatment increased the linear viscoelastic region of the sample, and the behavior of the emulsion converted from strain thinning (without HPH treatment) to weak strain overshoot (with HPH treatment). Lissajous curves indicated the viscosity of the sample increased first and then decreased with strain increasing and the third harmonic contributed much more to the first harmonic compared with the fifth harmonic. Chebyshev stress decomposition revealed that, as strain increased, the samples with HPH treatment showed internal‐cycle strain hardening behavior first, then turned to internal‐cycle softening behavior.CONCLUSIONHPH treatment can significantly improve the processing performance of CF/CO emulsion as well as the stability against large periodic oscillations in food processing. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Rates of other‐cause mortality after radical cystectomy are decreasing over time—A population‐based analysis over two decades
Authors: Rosiello Giuseppe , Knipper Sophie , Palumbo Carlotta , Pecoraro Angela , Luzzago Stefano , Deuker Marina , Stolzenbach Lara F. , Tian Zhe , Gallina Andrea , Gandaglia Giorgio , Montorsi Francesco , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Saad Fred , Briganti Alberto , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo investigate other‐cause mortality (OCM) rates over time according to several baseline characteristics in bladder cancer (BCa) patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC).MethodsWithin the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1988‐2011), we identified 7702 T1‐2N0M0 urothelial BCa patients treated with RC. Temporal trends and multivariable Cox regression (MCR) analyses assessed 5‐year OCM. Data were stratified according to the year of diagnosis (1988‐1995 vs 1996‐2000 vs 2001‐2004 vs 2005‐2008 vs 2009‐2011), age group (<60 vs 60‐75 vs >75 years), sex, race, marital status, and socioeconomic status.ResultsOverall, OCM rates decreased from 13.9% in 1988‐1995 to 8.6% in 2009‐2011. The greatest decrease was recorded in elderly (>75) patients (32%‐16%, slope: −0.55% per year; P = .01), followed by patients aged 60 to 75 (21%‐5%, slope: −0.35% per year; P = .01), unmarried patients (16%‐10%, slope: −0.26% per year; P < .001), male patients (14%‐8.9%, slope: −0.23% per year), and African Americans (16%‐11%, slope: −0.27% per year; P < .001). MCR models corroborated these results.ConclusionsMost important decrease in OCM after RC over the last decades was recorded in the elderly, unmarried, and male patients. Nonetheless, these three patient groups still represent ideal targets for efforts aimed at minimizing the morbidity and mortality after RC, as their risk of OCM is higher than in others.
Targeted and nontargeted screening and identification of 50 antihypertensive adulterants in dietary supplements and herbal medicines using quadrupole–orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry with compound database
Authors: Guo Changchuan , Niu Chong , Zhou Liming , Wang Wenxin , Nie Yanjun , Liu Qi , Zhang Lei , Chen Zhen , Wang Weijian , Xu Yuwen 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the present work, a novel database of drug compounds and a rapid screening method based on ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry were developed and applied in the screening and identification of targeted and nontargeted antihypertensive adulterants in dietary supplements and herbal medicines. The established screening database includes retention time, exact mass, fragments, isotopic pattern, and MS2 spectra library of the target compounds and thus provides automated search and identification of the targets with a single injection. The nontargeted compounds in the samples are identified through the full MS scan and MS2 data by using the Chemspider database and the data analysis in XCalibur, MassFrontier and TraceFinder software. In addition, this method possesses excellent quantitative capacity. The novel approach was applied to 65 batches of samples that are claimed as “all‐natural” products having the antihypertensive function, among which nine batches were found to be positive. Multiple targeted and nontargeted antihypertensive adulterants were detected at levels ranging from 2.8 to 27.9 mg/g. The novel database and screening method demonstrated herein will be promising and powerful tools for rapid screening of antihypertensive adulterants in dietary supplements and herbal medicines.
CREATING MORE SUSTAINABLE CAREERS AND BUSINESSES THROUGH SHORTER WORK WEEKS
Authors: Pang Alex Soojung‐Kim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractForward‐thinking leaders are exploring and implementing shorter work weeks. This article examines how working hours have been reduced at their companies, without cutting salaries, or sacrificing productivity or profitability. In implementing 4‐day weeks or 6‐hour days, they can solve recruitment and retention problems, promote work–life balance, incentivize employees to work smarter, increase focus and creativity—and create more sustainable careers and businesses. The article spotlights a variety of companies, including the Copenhagen restaurant Noma, the Japanese ecommerce retailer Zozo, and the Korean delivery app maker Woowa Brothers. The author points out that these companies and others he studied are in industries where pressure can be intense, overwork is the norm, burnout is endemic, people face challenges balancing careers and family, and there's a constant demand to be creative and innovative. A number of leaders have taken up running or cycling after moving to a 4‐day week, in part because these sports offer time for reflection or mind wandering. For companies in fast‐changing industries, it can be especially valuable to have time throughout the year to reflect, think about new products, and pay attention to the weak signals that can indicate a downturn in the market or shift in consumer preferences.
THE LEADER'S GUIDE TO THE FOREVER TRANSACTION
Authors: Baxter Robbie Kellman 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article discusses what the author calls a Forever Transaction, an ongoing, formal relationship with the people your organization services. A Forever Transaction is that moment when the customer takes off their shopper hat, dons their member hat, and stops looking for alternatives to solve a particular problem or achieve a specific goal. The customer now trusts you enough to let you charge them on a regular basis, forever. Using tactics like subscription pricing, premium loyalty programs, and digital community in which customers connect with one another via the Internet and under the organization's brand, these new business models are changing how we do nearly everything. It encompasses categories such as work (LinkedIn, Slack, Caterpillar), play (Peleton, Electronic Arts), eating (Blue Apron, Burger King), shopping (Amazon, Restoration Hardware), travel (Surf Air, Porsche Passport), and more. Eight steps are outlined to understand what's required of leaders and the rest of their organizations the first five are as follows: Step 1, set expectations with stakeholders; Step 2, assess and rethink corporate culture; Step 3, develop the right team for the membership economy; Step 4, track your leading indicators of success: CEO dashboard; and Step 5, understand the risk, then swim toward transformation.
THE DISASTER OF SUCCESS: LESSONS IN FAILED LEADERSHIP FROM THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
Authors: Thieman Frederick W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article asserts that while crime has dropped, arrests and convictions have accelerated. While America is relatively safe compared to other nations, the criminal justice system is broken. This is acknowledged by such disparate groups as Republicans and Democrats, conservatives and liberals, the left‐leaning American Civil Liberties Union, and the Tea Party oriented Freedom Works. In the 1960s, the American system of justice, albeit nested within a society still struggling for equality, was widely seen as a model for the rest of the world. However, the subsequent war on crime reflects a complete failure in many of the basic elements of leadership critical to any campaign. Six different areas are explored: the plan, guiding principles, implementation, execution, measurement, and cost. Various studies are cited, such as this finding by the Pew Center: States that have reduced prison populations the most have seen a larger drop in crime than have those states that have increased prison populations the most. The article concludes noting that encouraging signs are emerging, some 52 cities and counties, in 32 states, under the guidance of the MacArthur Foundation, are convening local leaders to identify more fair, just, and effective ways to preserve public safety.
220 GHz focal plane imaging demonstration using integrated terahertz array detector
Authors: Qiao Hai‐Dong , Liu Hao , Mou Jin‐Chao , Lv Xin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis letter experimentally demonstrates 220 GHz transmission‐based terahertz imaging based on an integrated terahertz 1 × 16 array detector. The array detector consists of a 3D‐printed lens array, 16 detector chips and a chip board. Each detector chip contains a planar bowtie antenna printed on a 50 μm‐thick quartz laminate, where a GaAs Schottky barrier diode is loaded in the center of the antenna. The detector shows excellent performance with an average responsivity of 1650 V/W and an average noise equivalent power of 3.6 pW/√Hz at 220 GHz. Based on the proposed array detector, a transmission‐based terahertz imaging system is built, including a 220 GHz illumination source, a servo system, a signal processing unit and a 280 mm‐diameter doubly‐hyperbolic Polytetrafluorethylen lens. A lateral resolution of 8 mm at a standing‐off distance of 1.5 m is achieved, approaching to the theoretical result.
Biocompatible regenerated cellulose/halloysite nanocomposite fibers
Authors: Sharifzadeh Ghorbanali , Soheilmoghaddam Mohammad , Adelnia Hossein , Wahit Mat Uzir , Arzhandi Masood Rezaei Dasht , Moslehyani Ali 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRegenerated cellulose (RC) bio‐nanocomposite fibers reinforced with halloysite nanotubes (HNT) were fabricated through wet spinning technique via ionic liquid as a green solvent. Mechanical properties, water uptake, thermal stability, and cytocompatibility of the obtained fibers were examined. FTIR spectra indicated the uniform dispersion of HNT in the cellulose network. XRD analysis, together with FE‐SEM images indicated that HNT was dispersed homogenously in the polymer. Moreover, mechanical and thermal stabilities of the nanocomposite fibers were notably increased through the addition of HNT. Eventually, human skin fibroblasts proliferation on nanocomposite fibers demonstrated good cyto‐compatibility. These findings highlight the potential of HNT nanocomposite fibers for biological and biomedical applications.
Predicting the damage development in epoxy resins using an anisotropic damage model
Authors: Müller Jonas Maximilian , Rozo Lopez Nicolas , Klein Enzo Alexander , Hopmann Christian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor fiber‐reinforced plastics, the strain‐rate dependent response is governed by the matrix behavior. In this work, the Goldberg model is considered for the epoxy matrix constitutive material model. Moreover, the strain‐rate dependency is achieved by direct influence on the elastic modulus, the inelastic strain, and the material strain to failure. In addition, an anisotropic damage response is implemented and extended through a strain‐rate dependent definition. Since the constitutive model relies on nonphysical parameters, a parameter study is further performed. Additional numerical investigations using a micro‐mechanical model are performed. Tension and shear loading conditions are evaluated and the influence of different strain rates is explored. Furthermore, the implemented anisotropic damage model is compared and discussed against an isotropic damage model.
Utilization of bio‐sourced myrcene for efficient preparation of highly cis‐1,4 regular elastomer via a neodymium catalyzed copolymerization strategy
Authors: Gan Qiao , Xu Yuechao , Huang Weizhong , Luo Wanwei , Hu Zhonghan , Tang Fuming , Jia Xiaoyu , Gong Dirong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe depletion of fossil based chemicals and the associated pollution have presented huge challenges to sustainability. In this study, we report on bio‐available myrcene participating in copolymerization with isoprene and butadiene by using neodymium catalysts without disruption of the pristine polymer's properties. Efficient incorporation of myrcene into the copolymer was achieved with slightly retarded reactivity compared to the reactivities of butadiene and isoprene. Copolymerization of myrcene with hydroxyl myrcene still remained compatible with the catalyst systems when the cocatalyst was fed in excess, resulting in a novel type of full myrcene based functional elastomer. The high cis‐1,4 selectivity of the system maintained the same level as the homopolymerization. Significant affinity to polar substances was deduced from the remarkably reduced water contact angle, a strong indication of good compatibility with reinforcing fillers. All copolymers displayed over 93.2% cis‐1,4 regularity and high molecular weight with narrow Đ. Good resistance to low temperature was also achieved as indicated by the low glass transition temperature for all copolymers. This study verified that myrcene can be used as a sustainable monomer substituent for general diene based elastomer preparation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
High‐throughput phenotyping reveals growth of Medicago truncatula is positively affected by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi even at high soil phosphorus availability
Authors: Tran Binh T. T. , Cavagnaro Timothy R. , Jewell Nathaniel , Brien Chris , Berger Bettina , Watts‐Williams Stephanie J. 
Published: April 2020

Societal Impact StatementArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may contribute to enhanced yield and nutrition of host plants for the purpose of sustainable agriculture. However, the growth response of the host plant to mycorrhizal colonization is generally only measured at harvest, and thus management decisions regarding AMF are made using only a single time point. This study highlights that AMF can provide growth benefits to the host plant over its life. Greater knowledge of how plants respond to AMF over time will improve understanding of how the association functions and ultimately lead to improved management decisions regarding AMF in an agricultural context.Summary

Colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can result in variable responses in the growth and mineral nutrition of host plants, and is highly dependent on soil nutrient condition; limited studies have addressed the effects of AMF on plant growth over time. The aim of this study was to investigate the AMF effects on plant growth over the life of the plant, and interactions with soil phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) availability.
We used a high‐throughput shoot phenotyping system to examine the temporal growth responses to AMF and soil P and Zn availabilities in the pasture legume Medicago truncatula. Plants were either inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis or mock‐inoculated, and were examined under two soil P and five soil Zn availability treatments. Plants were then destructively harvested to obtain final biomass and shoot nutrition data.
The growth of M. truncatula plants over time responded very differently to AMF depending on the soil P availability. At low P, projected shoot area and absolute growth rate (AGR) became increasingly greater in the mycorrhizal plants over the course of the experiment. At high P, there was a positive growth response to AMF until approximately 40 days after planting, after which the AGR of the non‐mycorrhizal plants increased and the response to AMF became neutral. Zinc availability was highly interactive with P availability, but not with AMF inoculation.
This research demonstrates that growth responses to mycorrhizal fungi change over the plant's life, and are highly dependent on soil P availability.
Flavonoid‐sensitized photolysis of chlorothalonil in water
Authors: Lv Pei , Min Siyu , Wang Yu , Zheng Xiaoyu , Wu Xiangwei , Li Qing X , Hua Rimao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDChlorothalonil is a conventional chloroaromatic fungicide and is toxic to many aquatic species. This study was designed to investigate the effects of six flavonoids on the photolysis of chlorothalonil under sunlight and artificial light.RESULTSFlavonoids sensitized the photolysis of chlorothalonil under sunlight and artificial light by 6.7–18.3 and 2.4–7.5 times, respectively, in comparison with a flavonoid‐free control. Photosensitization effect of each of the six flavonoids was greater under sunlight irradiation than under high‐pressure mercury lamp irradiation. Cyanidin showed greater photosensitization effects than luteolin, galangin, quercetin, morin and kaempferol. Chlorothalonil underwent photo‐reductive dechlorination and no hydrolysis product was formed in the presence of flavonoids. Hydroxyl and hydrogen radicals were detected in the absence and presence of cyanidin, respectively, under light irradiation.CONCLUSIONThe photosensitization effect of flavonoids on chlorothalonil photolysis is apparently related to flavonoid structure and might be due to their hydrogen donation capacity. These results highlight benefit of using flavonoids to manage aquatic pollution and reduce aquatic toxicity, and have great relevance in predicting the degradation kinetics and biological impacts of chlorothalonil in surface water. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of the Pacific Meridional Mode on landfalling tropical cyclone frequency in China
Authors: Gao Si , Zhu Langfeng , Zhang Wei , Shen Xinyong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study identifies a significant positive correlation between the Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) index and frequency of tropical cyclones (TCs) landfalling in China during peak TC season (June–November) of the period 1977–2018. This interannual association is independent of two types of El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Large‐scale circulation over the western North Pacific (WNP) modulated by PMM can affect TC genesis location/frequency and steering flow that directly determine TC landfalls in China. During the positive PMM phase, anomalous off‐equatorial heating over the eastern North Pacific can induce anomalous low‐level cyclonic circulation and upper‐level anticyclonic circulation over most of the main development region in the WNP, as a Gill‐type Rossby wave response. The resultant larger low‐level relative vorticity and weaker vertical wind shear are conducive to the formation of more TCs over the main development region. The anomalous easterly steering flow in the north flank of the anomalous low‐level cyclonic circulation is favourable for more TCs moving westward/northwestward and making landfall in China. The physical mechanism for the impact of PMM on large‐scale circulation over the WNP is verified by numerical experiments using the Community Atmospheric Model. The PMM index is demonstrated to be a crucial predictor for landfalling TC frequency in China in statistical seasonal prediction models.