bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Patient-Driven Groupings Model: What It Means for Speech-Language Pathologists Working in Home Health
Authors: Warren Sarah 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
Medicare will be fundamentally changing the basis for payment in home health (HH) effective January 1, 2020. Instead of paying for the number of therapy visits provided, Medicare will pay based on the clinical characteristics and needs of the patient under a payment methodology known as the patient-driven groupings model. As a result, there are significant concerns about the delivery of therapy services, such as speech-language pathology services, to HH patients. This technical report describes the rationale for the development of a new payment system, how it will be changing, and what speech-language pathologists can do to be prepared and to successfully navigate the transition.

Conclusion
The success of speech-language pathologists in the HH setting is tied to their ability to use their clinical judgment to advocate on behalf of their patients and demonstrate their value (e.g., outcomes) that prevent negative financial consequences for their employers.
Varikozele im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Stein Raimund , Zahn Katrin , Younsi Nina Friederike 
Published: December 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung einer Varikozele im Kindes- und Jugendalter wird sehr kontrovers gesehen und diskutiert. Trotz des recht häufigen Befundes – früher wurde die Varikozele insbesondere im Rahmen der Musterung diagnostiziert; heute fällt die Varikozele zumeist im Rahmen der J1-Untersuchung auf – gibt es wenig evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen zur Behandlung. Dies bedeutet, dass Urologen und Kinderurologen zunehmend früher mit der Frage konfrontiert werden, ob eine Intervention notwendig ist oder nicht, ohne dass es hier klare Empfehlungen gibt.Die Literatur hierzu ist sehr widersprüchlich. Systematische Reviews und Metaanalysen zeigten zuletzt, dass sich durch eine Intervention nur ein mäßiger Vorteil in Bezug auf die Hodengröße und die Qualität des Spermiogramms ergibt. Solide Daten bez. einer positiven Auswirkung auf die Vaterschaftsraten gibt es weiterhin nicht. Es zeigte sich jedoch, dass die Lymphgefäß-schonenden Techniken im Falle einer Intervention deutliche Vorteile haben.Mögliche Indikationen für eine Intervention stellen eine persistierende Größendifferenz der Hoden (> 20 % über mindestens 6 Monate), eine symptomatische Varikozele (sehr subjektives Kriterium), ein (besser 2) pathologische Spermiogramme sowie ggf. das Vorhandensein von zusätzlich die Fertilität einschränkenden Faktoren dar.
Avaliação de custo e segurança da Artroplastia Total do Joelho Bilateral Simultânea versus Unilateral
Authors: Borges José Humberto de Souza , Lobo Júnior Paulo , Dias Darlan Malba , Silva Miguel Fernando Ferreira da , Freitas Anderson , Araújo Thaiane 
Published: December 2019

Resumo
Objetivo Medir o custo das artroplastias totais de joelho simultâneas, assim como o tempo de internação total e em unidade de tratamento intensivo (UTI), complicações perioperatórias e necessidade de hemotransfusão comparativamente ao procedimento unilateral, num hospital de referência, no Distrito Federal, Brasil.
Método O presente artigo trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo de análise dos prontuários de pacientes admitidos para a realização de artroplastia total de joelho uni ou bilateral realizadas entre junho de 2011 e março de 2017. Foram incluídos para o estudo 74 prontuários de pacientes para avaliação de dados como custo total do procedimento, comorbidades, complicações, dias de internação e necessidade de hemotransfusão.
Resultados Uma incidência significativamente maior de trombose venosa profunda (TVP) foi encontrada nos procedimentos unilaterais. Em relação aos outros dados não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes nos custos relativos, nem na necessidade de hemotransfusão.
Conclusão Não houve aumento nos custos nem nas complicações do procedimento de substituição articular bilateral do joelho num mesmo momento em relação ao procedimento unilateral, corroborando com a maioria da literatura.
Ressecção artroscópica do cisto sinovial volar do punho: Técnica cirúrgica e série de casos
Authors: Oliveira Ricardo Kaempf de , Brunelli João Pedro Farina , Bayer Leohnard Roger , Aita Márcio , Mantovani Gustavo , Delgado Pedro José 
Published: December 2019

Resumo
Objetivo Descrever a técnica e os resultados da artroscopia no tratamento cirúrgico dos cistos sinoviais volares no punho.
Materiais e Métodos Foram incluídos e analisados neste trabalho 21 pacientes submetidos a artroscopia para o tratamento de cisto sinovial volar no punho, no período entre janeiro de 2015 e maio de 2017, com avaliação completa e mínima de 6 meses. A técnica descrita foi indicada para os pacientes com dor e incapacidade funcional com duração de mais de quatro meses, sem melhora com o tratamento conservador, ou para aqueles com queixas estéticas e que apresentavam o cisto havia mais de três meses.
Resultados A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 43,6 anos, sendo 16 (76%) do sexo feminino, e 5 (24%) do masculino. O tempo de seguimento médio entre a cirurgia e a avaliação final foi de 10,9 meses. Um total de 2 (9,6%) pacientes apresentaram dor leve e uma restrição da mobilidade no pós-operatório. Nos 18 (90,4%) pacientes restantes, houve melhora das queixas estéticas, recuperação funcional completa, e melhora completa da dor. Não houve recidivas ou infecções. Nenhum paciente necessitou ser submetido a nova cirurgia.
Conclusões A ressecção artroscópica do cisto sinovial volar mostrou-se uma técnica útil e segura. É um procedimento minimamente invasivo, com baixa morbidade e poucas complicações, sendo uma boa alternativa à técnica aberta.
Biological control in Latin America and the Caribbean: information sources, organizations, types and approaches in biological control.
Authors: Lenteren J. C. van , Bueno V. H. P. , Luna M. G. , Colmenarez Y. C. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Biological control with arthropod natural enemies and microbial control agents has been applied since the year 1895 in Latin America and the Caribbean and is currently used on a very large scale. Sources about the history and current situation of biocontrol in this region were not easy to trace and are, therefore, presented in this chapter. Next, organizations working on biocontrol in this region are listed. This is followed by a description of natural, conservation, classical and augmentative biocontrol with some regional examples. Then, an approach to find, evaluate and use biocontrol agents is sketched, as guidance for research projects. Often, tens to a hundred biocontrol candidates are found in association with a pest. A well organized research approach using evaluation criteria allows for quick exclusion of unsuitable or problematic candidate species. Biocontrol research has limited funding and early elimination of poor candidates results in spending more money on promising candidates. Regulations concerning import and release of agents that have been implemented during the past 30 years are summarized. Effects of these regulations are that prospecting for exotic natural enemies is now very difficult and that fewer new biocontrol agents have become available. Finally, the structure of the book is explained.
Biological control in Belize.
Authors: Sosa E. E. , Blanco F. , Lenteren J. C. van 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Parasitoids were first introduced into Belize in 1969 for control of Anastrepha spp. fruit flies, but although this and other classical biocontrol attempts sometimes resulted in establishment, control was insufficient. During the same period, natural control of the West Indian cane fly was documented. In 2003, the International Regional Organization for Health in Agriculture (OIRSA) built a laboratory for the mass production of the parasitoid Anagyrus kamali for biocontrol of the pink hibiscus mealybug. The pest was successfully brought under classical biocontrol in the entire country. The laboratory also provides the parasitoids to OIRSA member countries. Recently, classical biocontrol of the Asian citrus psyllid has been initiated and a mass rearing of Tamarixia radiata was started at the OIRSA laboratory for releases in Belize, as well as in other countries. An entomopathogenic fungus is currently being tested for control of the sugarcane froghopper.
Biological control in Brazil.
Authors: Bueno V. H. P. , Parra J. R. P. , Bettiol W. , Lenteren J. C. van 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Classical biological control attempts from 1921 to 1944 were not effective. During the 1960s, an important success was obtained by controlling the rhodesgrass scale in thousands of hectares of pastures with an introduced parasitoid. Also biocontrol of wheat aphids by introduction of parasitoids and predators appeared effective. Further, classical biocontrol of sirex wood wasps in pine plantations was achieved with parasitoids and entomopathogenic nematodes. Augmentative biocontrol of the sugarcane borer by native dipteran parasitoids started in the 1960s, later followed by importation and release of Cotesia flavipes parasitoids. In the 1980s, biocontrol of soybean caterpillars was realized on more than 2 million hectares by application of on-farm produced AgMNPV virus. Predatory mites are used for augmentative biocontrol of spider mites in apple orchards and greenhouse crops; predators and parasitoids are used for control of lepidopterans in eucalyptus plantations and field crops such as sugarcane. Parasitoids are released in soybean for control of stink bugs. Trichoderma spp. are applied on 5.5 million hectares for control of soil-borne diseases in many crops. Recent successful classical biocontrol programmes deal with control of cassava mealybug, citrus leaf miner, and Asian citrus psyllid. Brazil has become one of the pioneer countries worldwide in the production and use of microbial control agents and natural enemies to control pests and diseases on millions of hectares. Brazil currently has 26 facilities producing microbial agents and 21 for mass rearing natural enemies. More than 80 microbial products are registered for control of arthropods, while fewer than ten natural enemies have been registered to date.
Biological control in Cuba.
Authors: Márquez M. E. , Vázquez L. L. , Rodríguez M. G. , Ayala Sifontes J. L. , Fuentes F. , Ramos M. , Hidalgo L. , Herrera L. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

The first biological control project in Cuba concerned the introduction of the parasitoid Eretmocerus serius in 1929, resulting in successful classical biocontrol of citrus blackfly in citrus. The subsequent biocontrol success that is still in use on large areas today was obtained in the 1940s by mass rearing and releasing the native dipteran parasitoid Lixophaga diatraeae for control of the sugarcane borer. Nowadays, many native and exotic Trichogramma species are successfully applied against lepidopteran defoliators in the field. Other current augmentative biocontrol programmes involve the use of microbial agents, nematodes, parasitoids and predators for pest and disease management in various crops. A network of 175 mass rearing centres for entomophages and entomopathogens (CREE) and four industrial plants belonging to the Enterprise System of the Ministry of Agriculture, guarantee the mass production of native strains of microbial control agents, such as Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Lecanicillium lecanii, Bacillus thuringiensis, Trichoderma spp. and Heterorhabditis spp. Each year these microbial control agents are applied on about 2,400,000 ha of field crops. Conservation biocontrol practices to increase natural enemy populations and the promotion of natural reservoirs of Pheidole megacephala predatory ants, along with capturing and re-release of the coccinellids Cycloneda sanguinea, Coleomegilla cubensis, Hippodamia convergens and Chilocorus cactus L. in urban agriculture, are widely applied by farmers in Cuba.
Biological control in Mexico.
Authors: Arredondo-Bernal H. C. , Rodríguez-Vélez B. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

During the 1940s and 1950s, the number of native and exotic species of biocontrol agents used in Mexico amounted to 59 and most of these were parasitoids. Classical biocontrol was dominant and included control of hemipteran pests such as the woolly apple aphid, scales, citrus mealybugs, spittlebug, and the rhodesgrass mealybug. One of the globally recognized successes was classical biocontrol of the citrus blackfly with an imported parasitoid. In the 1960s, construction of mass-production centres for biocontrol organisms took place, for rearing of Trichogramma spp., among others. More recent cases of classical biocontrol, sometimes in combination with augmentative biocontrol, are the control of grasshoppers, pink hibiscus mealybug, velvet soybean worm, eucalyptus psyllid, Asian citrus psyllid, brown citrus aphid, and fruit flies. Examples of augmentative control are control of the Mexican bollworm with a native parasitoid, of diamondback moth with native and exotic parasitoids and of aphids with predators and an entomopathogenic fungus. Augmentative biocontrol is particularly popular for control of aphids, thrips, leaf miners, mites and whiteflies in vegetables and ornamentals, where several species of predators, parasitoids and microbial agents are used. Examples of today's large-scale augmentative programmes are control of sugarcane borers with Trichogramma spp., of sugarcane aphids with predators in soybean and of several species of locusts and grasshoppers with an entomopathogenic fungus. Currently, there are 65 companies producing and marketing 40 species of beneficial organisms, and more than 50 species of arthropods produced outside Mexico are authorized for importation to be used in specific pest control programmes.
Biological control in Nicaragua.
Authors: Castillo P. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Biological control started in Nicaragua in 1957 with a study of parasitoids of the fall armyworm and augmentative releases of parasitoids and predators against pests in cotton. In the 1970s, cotton production was no longer profitable due to the high costs of frequent pesticide sprays. With assistance from FAO, an IPM programme for cotton pests was developed, which included biocontrol. Universities started to teach fundamentals of pest ecology and initiated prospecting for native natural enemies. Among others, a native strain of Trichogramma pretiosum was found and a mass rearing system was developed. The parasitoid has since been released in several crops. The predator Chrysoperla carnea was also mass produced and applied in the field. At the end of the 1980s, prospecting for entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi and viruses started, resulting in the production of several of these biocontrol agents, in particular five virus products for control of lepidopterans in various crops. In the mid 1990s, augmentative biocontrol of diamondback moth was developed by releasing native and exotic parasitoids. Currently there are several biofactories in Nicaragua that produce parasitoids, predators, entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi and viruses, and phytopathogenic fungi.
Biological control in Panama.
Authors: Zachrisson B. , Barba A. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

The first activity in biological control in Panama concerned import and release of a parasitoid of citrus blackfly in 1931. Later, the development of biocontrol programmes was targeted mainly against pests in sugarcane, vegetables, cantaloupes, watermelons, coffee and rice. In the 1970s, the releases of Cotesia flavipes and Paratheresia claripalpis for the control of Diatraea saccharalis guaranteed the cost effectiveness of the crop. Subsequently, Diadegma semiclausum, Cotesia plutellae and Microplitis plutellae were imported in the 1990s for biocontrol of Plutella xylostella in cruciferous crops. This was followed in the 2000s by the introduction of Prorops nasuta and Phymastichus coffea for the management of Hyphotenemus hampei. Prospecting programmes were executed in Panama to collect and identify natural enemies of, among others, whiteflies, leaf miners, thrips, mites and rice stink bug. Also a large number of entomopathogenic fungal strains were collected and identified. Several of the natural enemies and entomopathogens that were found to be promising as biocontrol agents are now mass produced and tested in the field. Ongoing work on artificial diets for mass rearing of pests that serve as hosts/prey for natural enemies is expected to result in cheaper production of biocontrol agents. Recently a conservation biocontrol programme was started for control of the rice stink bug by studying how weeds in and near rice fields can attract and stimulate populations of parasitoids of the stink bug.
Biological control in Peru.
Authors: Mujica N. , Whu M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

In Peru, the first introduction of six species of beneficials occurred in 1904 for control of cotton white scale. By 1969, more than 20 other beneficial species had been imported for control of scales, aphids and lepidopterans in important crops. Many species established and still control pests today. In 1961, the Center for Introduction and Rearing of Useful Insects was created for biocontrol of the most economically important pests. Identification of parasitoids and predators, study of their biology and development of mass-production methods were executed to optimize their use. From 1979, research concentrated on the behaviour of parasitoids and predators of mealybugs, scales and lepidopteran pests. Also, collection and investigation of entomopathogenic fungi was initiated. In the late 1990s, a National Program for Biological Control was created to intensify biocontrol in important crops through training of professionals and promotion and sale of biocontrol agents to farmers. Biocontrol agents were supplied to different agricultural valleys via a network of production laboratories, which reared 42 species of biocontrol agents to control pests in more than 45 crops. The area under augmentative biocontrol increased from 10,000 ha to 253,000 ha in a 6-year period. By 2015, 177 exotic species of biocontrol agents had been introduced into Peru and 53 of these introductions resulted in complete or substantial classical or augmentative control of the pest. In Peru, the use of biocontrol agents has grown due to the increased demand by producers for safe and healthy products for internal and external markets, by consumers for products free of pesticide residues and by the government to achieve greater sustainability in agricultural production.
Biological control in the remaining Caribbean islands.
Authors: Lenteren J. C. van , Bueno V. H. P. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Biological control activities on 18 (groups of) Caribbean islands are summarized. Many natural enemies were introduced to these islands through Trinidad and Tobago up to 1980. Also, inter-island exchange of biocontrol agents took place. The majority of projects concerned classical biocontrol, while in some cases natural, conservation and augmentation biocontrol were used. Successes were obtained with biocontrol of pests in crops such as arrowroot, citrus, coconut, cotton and sugarcane and of weeds like prickly pear and puncture vine. After 1980, the number of natural enemy introductions decreased, though the region was faced with many invasions by exotic pests, including the citrus leaf miner, citrus blackfly, papaya mealybug, giant African snail, coconut whitefly and pink hibiscus mealybug. Two large region-wide programmes resulted in successful biocontrol of the pink hibiscus mealybug and the papaya mealybug. In addition, biocontrol by a native natural enemy complex was demonstrated for the coconut whitefly and the passion vine mealybug. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Code of Conduct for the Import and Release of Exotic Biological Control Agents has recently been applied in the region. Farmers Field Schools, with the aim to enable farmers to use IPM and become less dependent on chemical pesticides, are being implemented.
Biological control in Suriname.
Authors: Sauers-Muller A. van , Jagroep M. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Research on biological control in Suriname started in the 1910s with reports of native entomopathogenic fungi attacking pests in coffee, followed by native predators attacking pests in cotton in the 1920s. Many other native natural enemies of crop pests were identified in the period up to the 1970s and prospecting for natural enemies has been a continuous activity in Suriname. An example of successful biocontrol is that of the coconut caterpillar, which is attacked by various native parasitoids, a fungus and several predators. A number of other pests hardly pose a problem for the crops they attack, due to the presence of native natural enemies. In cassava, for example, the green cassava mite seldom causes damage to the crop. Also in citrus, several scales are kept under natural control by parasitoids, a ladybird and a mite, resulting in little use of pesticides. A recent example of classical biocontrol is that of the pink hibiscus mealybug, which was rapidly brought under control after its introduction by the release of a predatory beetle and a parasitoid. Recently, much work has been done on IPM of the invasive carambola fruit fly, which may include a biocontrol element involving the release of exotic parasitoids.
Biological control in Trinidad and Tobago.
Authors: Khan A. , Isaac W. A. P. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Since 1918, Trinidad and Tobago has been a rich source of biological control agents and has shipped numerous natural enemies both regionally and internationally. Successful classical biocontrol programmes using predominantly predators and parasitoids began in earnest in the 1970s, initially for Aeneolamia varia saccharina and then for Diatraea saccharalis control in sugarcane. Several other pests, including citrus blackfly Aleurocanthus woglumi, diamondback moth Plutella xylostella and pink hibiscus mealybug Maconellicoccus hirsutus, were successfully managed using biocontrol. The use of microbial agents, particularly entomopathogenic fungi, has also been assessed. Metarhizium anisopliae has caused high nymphal and adult mortality in A. varia saccharina, while Paecilomyces tenuipes has caused as much as 67% larval mortality in P. xylostella. Over the past 10 years there has been an increase in the number of exotic insect species in Trinidad and Tobago, and classical biocontrol has played and is expected to keep playing an important role in managing these invasive pests.