bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and mortality rates because of circulatory and respiratory diseases in South Korea
Authors: Kwon Jinhee , Hwang Jeongeun , Yi Hahn , Bae Hyun-Jin , Jang Miso , Kim Namkug 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background : Associations between long-term exposure to common air pollutants including nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), ozone, and particulate matter (PM 10 ) and health consequences have been studied. We investigated spatial effects of exposure to air pollution on mortality by circulatory and respiratory diseases nation-wide and in metropolitan. Methods: Means of daily concentration of the common air pollutants from 2005 to 2016 were calculated by district unit using linear interpolation. Age-standardized mortality rates of people suffering from heart disease (HD); cerebrovascular disease (CVD); ischemic heart disease (IHD); pneumonia (PN) and chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD) were acquired from population census data. Sub-divided comparisons were performed to adjust spatial heterogeneity. Pearson’s correlation coefficients between mortality rates and air pollutant concentrations were investigated. Multivariable linear regressions were performed to investigate associations considering confounding factors. Results: Air pollutant concentration in metropolitan was the highest, except SO 2 ; in particular, PM 10 concentration was higher than air quality standard (PM 10 : 55.27 µg/m 3 , air quality standard: 50.00 µg/m 3 , P<0.05). Pearson’s correlation coefficient between PM 10 and mortality rates was significant ( r =0.313, 0.596, 0.420, -0.277 and 0.523 for HD, CVD, IHD, PN, and CLRD, all P<0.05) in metropolitan. The powers of regression model for PM 10 , smoking rate, education level, and population density were 0.532 and 0.482 (adjusted R 2 ) for mortality rates of CVD and CLRD, respectively. Conclusion : Long-term exposure study with sub-divided analysis showed overall associations between air pollution exposure and circulatory and respiratory disease mortalities. PM 10 exposure was significantly associated with mortality of CVD and CLRD in metropolitan.
Serum Fetuin-A levels were increased and associated with insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Liu Sha , Hu Wenjing , He Yirui , Li Ling , Liu Hua , Gao Lin , Yang Gangyi , Liao Xin 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Insulin resistance (IR) is a common characteristic in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It has been reported that circulating Fetuin-A levels were associated with IR and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, previous reports on changes in circulating Fetuin-A concentrations in women with PCOS have been inconsistent. Methods 207 subjects were screened for PCOS according to the diagnostic guideline of the Rotterdam consensus criterion. Serum Fetuin-A levels were measured using an ELISA kit. An independent t- test or Nonparametric tests was used to detect differences between PCOS and control groups. The association of the serum Fetuin-A with other parameters was examined by spearman’s correlation analysis. Results Our findings show that circulating Fetuin-A concentration ranged from 196.6 to 418.2 µg/L for most women without PCOS (95%). Women with PCOS have higher circulating Fetuin-A levels than healthy women (437.9 ± 119.3 vs. 313.8 ± 60.5 μg/L; p < 0.01). Serum Fetuin-A was positively correlated with BMI, WHR, TG, TC, LDL-C, HOMA-IR, LH, T and DHEA-S. Multivariate regression analysis showed that WHR, TG, HOMA-IR and DHEA-S were independent predictors of the levels of circulating Fetuin-A. Binary logistic regression revealed that serum Fetuin-A was associated with the .occurrence of PCOS. In addition, our ROC curve analysis found that the cutoff values for Fetuin-A to predict PCOS and IR were 366.3 and 412.6 µg/L. ConclusionBlood Fetuin-A may be a useful biomarker for screening women for PCOS and IR.
The Alpha-fetoprotein Serum is still Reliable as a Biomarker for the Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Indonesia
Authors: Jasirwan Chyntia Olivia Maurine , Fahira Alessa - , Siregar Lianda - , Loho Imelda - 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background and Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of liver cancer, is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide with an inferior prognosis. In Indonesia, the average life expectancy is less than 3 months, with most patients being in an advanced stage where in the survival rate is very low. Early detection through surveillance program is very crucial. HCC guidelines worldwide have provided surveillance recommendation through the examination of α-fetoprotein (AFP) and ultrasound for patients at risk in developing HCC. However, there have been some controversies regarding the usage of AFP concerning its low sensitivity and specificity in detecting HCC. Therefore, the effectiveness of AFP in the surveillance of HCC patients and identifying the parameters most associated with the increase of AFP≥10 ng/ml in Indonesia should be evaluated.Methods: We analysed medical records of HCC patients and those at high-risk of developing HCC through cross-sectional study, including patients with cirrhosis and hepatitis B and C, from 2015 to 2017 who underwent treatment at the Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital and Dharmais National Cancer Hospital, Indonesia.Results: The sensitivity and specificity of AFP in the surveillance of HCC in Indonesia with a cut-off of 10 ng/ml were 82.6% and 68.9%, respectively. The parameters most associated with the increase of AFP ≥10 ng/ml according to multivariate analysis were the etiology of hepatitis B, the stage of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer B and C, and the presence of cirrhosis, respectively.Conclusion: AFP can still be used in the surveillance of HCC in Indonesia for its high sensitivity value.
Comparison of hemodynamic change following spinal anesthesia in preeclamptic and non-preeclamptic parturients undergoing cesarean section at University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.
Authors: Yetneberk Tikuneh , Berhe Yophetah W. , Getnet Habtamu , Mollalign Mamaru 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background Spinal anesthesia-induced maternal hypotension is the most frequent complication associated with maternal morbidity and mortality during cesarean section. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and magnitude of hemodynamic changes in preeclamptic and non-preeclamptic parturients undergone cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Method A prospective cohort study was conducted from February to May 2019 in University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital. A total of 122 ASA II and ASA III parturients were recruited consecutively and assigned to two groups (81non-preeclamptics, and 41 preeclamptics). The data analysis was done by SPSS version 22 statistical software. The data were tested for normality with Shapiro Wilk U-test and normally distributed data were compared by using the independent student’s t-test. Whereas non-normally distributed data were compared using the Mann-Whitney U- test. Fisher’s exact test was used for intergroup comparison of proportion. All P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Result The incidence of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension was higher in non-preeclamptic parturients than preeclamptic parturients (55.6% vs. 34.1%, respectively) and the degree of blood pressure drop was significantly greater in the non-preeclamptic parturients compared to those with preeclampsia; As well intraoperative fluid consumption was significantly greater in the non-preeclamptics parturients compared to those with preeclamptics. Conclusion The incidence and magnitude of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in parturients undergone cesarean section were less in preeclamptic parturients than in non-preeclamptic parturients. Therefore, don’t deny spinal anesthesia for preeclamptic parturients due to fear of profound hypotension, unless there is a contraindication for spinal anesthesia.
Molecular analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from four teaching hospitals in Iran: The emergence of Novel MRSA ST- SCCmec clones
Authors: Firoozeh Farzaneh , Omidi Mitra , Saffari Mahmood , Sedaghat Hossein , Zibaei Mohammad 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Background: The global spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections necessitates the use of validated methods for the identification and typing of this bacterium. This study aimed to determine the distribution of main molecular types of MRSA strain circulating among hospitalized patients in teaching hospitals in Isfahan and Kashan. Methods: A total of 146 Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated from patients in four teaching hospitals in Isfahan and Kashan during June 2017 to September 2018. The antibiotic resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus strains were performed by disc diffusion method. The MRSA strains were identified phenotypically and confirmed by PCR assay. The prevalence of microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) genes among MRSA strains was evaluated by multiplex PCR. The genotypes of MRSA strains were determined by multi-locus sequence type and SCC mec typing. Results: Of 146 Staphylococcus aureus isolates 24 (16.4%) isolates identified as MRSA strains. According to antibiotic susceptibility testing the highest resistance rates were seen to erythromycin, cefoxitin and clindamycin. All of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were sensitive to vancomycin whereas 3 (2.1%) isolates were resistant to linezolid. Three different SCC mec types were obtained among MRSA strains including 16 (66.7%) SCC mec type V, 3 (12.5%) SCC mec type III and 5 (20.8%) SCC mec type II. Of 24 MRSA isolates 20 (83.3%) carried MSCRAMMs genes including eno (70.8%), fib (54.1%) , cna (25.0%), fnbB (16.6%) , ebps 5 (20.8%), and fnbA , bbp and clfA genes were not detected. MLST analysis revealed 11 sequence types among MRSA isolates as follows: ST239, ST239, ST291, ST22, ST861, ST 889, ST8, ST59, ST343, ST772, ST6 and ST1465. Also seven MLST-based clonal complexes (CCs) were identified among MRSA strains including: CC8, CC7, CC398, CC59, CC22, CC1 and CC5. Conclusions: A relatively high diversity was found in MRSA genotypes in Kashan and Isfahan hospitals, and seven clonal complexes were identified. Pandemic MRSA clones including CC8 and CC22 were the most prevalent clones and the novel ST types including ST1465, ST861, ST 889 and ST772 are reported for the first time in Iran in the present study. In addition the high prevalence of MSCRAMMs genes in MRSA isolates demonstrates the high potential of these strains for pathogenicity.
Atenolol removal by nanofiltration: a case-specific mass transfer correlation
Authors: Giacobbo Alexandre , Soares Elisa Veridiani , Bernardes Andréa Moura , Rosa Maria João , de Pinho Maria Norberta 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Concentration polarization is a phenomenon inherent to membrane separation operations and as a precursor of membrane fouling is frequently related to the decrease in the performance of these operations. In the present work, a case-specific mass transfer correlation was developed to assess the concentration polarization when nanofiltration, in different operating conditions, was applied to treat a pharmaceutical wastewater containing atenolol. NF runs with two membranes, two atenolol concentrations and three feed circulating velocities were conducted, and the corresponding experimental mass transfer coefficients were determined using film theory to describe the concentration polarization phenomenon. Higher velocities led to higher mass transfer coefficients and, consequently, lower concentration polarization. These mass transfer coefficients were correlated with the circulating velocity (Re), the solute diffusivity (Sc) and the membrane permeability (LP+) (the membrane is a permeable interface with effect on the concentration profiles developed from the interface towards the bulk feed), yielding the following correlation Sh = 1.98 × 104Re0.5Sc0.33LP+0.32. The good agreement between the calculated and the experimental results makes this correlation a valuable tool for water practitioners to predict and control the concentration polarization during atenolol-rich wastewater treatment by nanofiltration, thereby increasing its productivity and selectivity.
The Emerging Role of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Psychiatry
Authors: Marazziti Donatella , Barberi Filippo Maria , Mucci Federico , Maglio Alessandra , Dell’Oste Valerio , Dell’Osso Liliana 
Published: February 2020

Introduction:
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), composed by 28 amino-acids, is well
known to modulate fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
activity and the immune system. Since ANP is produced in both heart and in the central nervous system
(CNS), in the last years, increasing attention has been devoted to its possible role in neuropsychiatric
disorders. Indeed, scattered data would indicate its possible role in anxiety, major depression,
addictive behaviors, post-traumatic stress disorder and other stress-related disorders. Further, ANP
has been hypothesized to represent one of the factors linking depression to cardiovascular health and
the immune system.

Aims:
Given the paucity of available information, the aim of this paper was to review the current
literature on the role of ANP in the CNS and in the pathophysiology of different neuropsychiatric and
stress-related conditions.

Discussion:
Supporting data on ANP in psychiatric disorders are still limited to animal studies, or to
a few “real” findings in patients gathered some decades ago that should be replicated in larger clinical
samples.

Conclusions:
Further studies are necessary to understand the possible implications of ANP in neuropsychiatry,
because potentially it might represent a new way for innovative psychopharmacological
treatments in different conditions, all underlaid by hyperactive HPA axis.
An Efficient Procedure for the Synthesis of 21-Acetoxypregna-1,4,9(11),16- tetraene-3,20-dione
Authors: Huy Luu D. , Diep Nguyen T. , Vu Tran K. , Savinova Tatiana S. , Donova Marina V. 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Halogenated corticosteroids are widely used in medicine, and the global
need of these steroidal APIs is estimated to be 40 – 70 tons, annually. Vietnam currently imports
the pharmaceutical compounds up to 90%, in particular 100% of steroidal drugs. Currently,
industrial production is based on the chemical syntheses of corticosteroids from either 16-
dehydropregnenolone acetate (obtained from diosgenin) or androstenedione (obtained from
phytosterol). The development of shorter synthetic schemes and more economically feasible
technologies is of great significance. Introduction of 1(2)-double bond at the final stages of the
corticosteroids synthesis results inpoor yield. 21-Acetoxypregna-1,4,9(11),16-tetraene-3,20-dione
(tetraene acetate) is a key intermediate in the synthesis of highly active halogenated corticosteroids
such as dexamethasone and other halogenated corticosteroids. 21-acetoxypregna-1,4,9(11),16-
tetraene-3,20-dione is a key intermediate in the synthesis of dexamethasone from the readily
available and cheap 9α-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was the development of an efficient and shorter procedure for
the synthesis of 21-acetoxypregna-1,4,9(11),16-tetraene-3,20-dione from 9α-hydroxyandrostenedione,
which is a product of a bio-oxidative degradation of the side chain of phytosterols.

Methods:
Pregnane side chain was constructed using cyanohydrin method. For 1(2)-
dehydrogenation, selene dioxide was applied for the introduction of Δ1(2)-double bond. Other
stages of the synthesis were epimerization, Stork’s iodination procedure and dehydration.

Result:
21-Acetoxypregna-1,4,9(11),16-tetraene-3,20-dione was prepared from 9α-
hydroxyandrostenedione in yield more than 46%.

Conclusion:
An efficient and practically feasible procedure for the synthesis of 21-acetoxypregna-
1,4,9(11),16-tetraene-3,20-dione from 9α-hydroxyandrostenedione, a key intermediate for the
synthesis of 9-haloidated corticoids, has been developed. The procedure can be applied for the
production of value-added 9-haloidated corticoids.
Physico-chemical Characterization of Hydrochloric Acid-treated Kaolin Clay: An Industry Approach as a Potential Catalyst
Authors: Kumar Awinash , Lingfa Pradip 
Published: February 2020

Aim and Objective:
This study explains the FT-IR, XRD, XRF, SEM/EDX, TGA, and
DSC/DTA characterization of commercially available kaolin clay. The objective of this paper is to
explore the prominent utilization of kandites clay and useful chemical aspects for the modification
of kaolin clay minerals.

Materials and Methods:
The untreated kaolin sample has been procured in this experimental work
from AksharChem, Gujrat, India. The kaolin clay was treated with 4M hydrochloric acid. FT-IR,
XRD, XRF, SEM/EDX, TGA, and DSC/DTA characterization methods have been used.

Results:
Loss on ignition was found at 10.89%. The fingerprint region of the acid-treated sample
has broad and more bending vibrations than untreated samples. The high weight percentage of Ti
and CaCO3 were spotted in the scanning electron micrograph by both atomic % and weight %. The
FT-IR revealed the functional group of Al-O, A1-OH, and Si-O.

Conclusion:
The morphology indicates that the presences of large particles are in the form of
agglomerates. It was found that impurity like scandium vanished and manganese traced by the
same atomic % 0.01 of zinc which had no presence after acid treatment. Thermogravimetric
analysis indicates the sharp increments in heat flow in-between temperatures 0°C to 200°C and
consequently increments in between 500°C to 550°C, a suitable range for the pyrolysis. Low
amount of alumina and high amount of silica has been found out. TGA and DTA analysis satisfy
the waste plastic valorization temperature ranges.
The Effect of Skin Contact on Maternal-infant Attachment Behaviors in Emotional, Proximity-seeking, and Caretaking Dimensions in Planned and Unplanned Pregnancies in 2017, Iran: A Research
Authors: Eslaminia Tahere , Kaviani Maasumeh , Akbarzadeh Marzieh 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Unplanned pregnancy is a potential danger for women’s lives in the reproduction
ages.

Objective:
The present study aimed to compare planned and unplanned pregnancies regarding the
maternal-infant attachment behaviors in emotional, proximity-seeking, and caretaking dimensions.

Methods:
The present analytical case-control study was conducted on 140 women who had given
birth to their children in the hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2017.
The participants were divided into planned and unplanned pregnancy groups. Within the first hour
and 24 hours after birth, the babies were put naked in skin-to-skin contact with their mothers for 15
minutes and the study questionnaire was completed. The data were collected using the Avant checklist.
P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:
The mean score of attachment in the early hours was 84.22±12.59 in the planned pregnancy
group and 74.28±15.81 in the unplanned pregnancy group, and the difference was statistically
significant (p<0.001). However, no significant difference was observed between the two
groups in this regard after 24 hours (p=0.122). Additionally, the results revealed a significant difference
between the two groups concerning emotional (p<0.001) and caretaking (p=0.007) behaviors.
However, no significant difference was found between the two groups regarding the three behaviors
after 24 hours. Emotional (talking and smiling, p=0.001), proximity-seeking (circling one’s arms
around the baby, p=0.001), and caretaking (paying attention to the baby, p=0.001) behaviors were
significantly more observed in the two groups in the early hours and the first 24 hours.

Conclusions:
Mother’s skin-to-skin contact with her baby during lactation increased attachment in
unplanned pregnancies after 24 hours.
Anti-tumorigenic Efficacy of Tangeretin in Liver Cancer – An In Silico Approach
Authors: P. Sangavi , K. Langeswaran 
Published: February 2020

Background:
Liver cancer is otherwise known as Hepatic cancer which originated from
the liver. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the common primary Liver cancer and is one of the
emerging problems worldwide. Very few treatments are available to treat HCC because the molecular
mechanism and other HCC mechanisms are still unclear. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), one of the
most promising targets for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, is one of the dimeric enzymes which convert
Arachidonic acid into Prostaglandin H2 in the step of Prostaglandin biosynthesis. Several natural
bioactive compounds are involved in the treatment of various types of cancers. Tangeretin, a natural
polymethoxyflavone present in the peel of citrus fruits, acts as an anti-oxidant modulator and anticancerous.

Objective:
The main objective of this study is to find a suitable inhibitor for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Methods:
Computational approaches like molecular docking and molecular dynamics were performed
to identify the potential inhibitor for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Results:
In this study, COX-2 was considered as a potential target for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
which was examined with Tangeretin.

Conclusion:
Tangeretin was screened against C0X-2 which includes Molecular Docking, DFT analysis,
ADMET prediction, and Molecular Dynamics simulation. Tangeretin had good docking scores,
fulfilled the pharmacological properties through ADMET prediction, and the Protein-Ligand complex
had good stability in Molecular Dynamics simulation.
Effect of Using Nanoparticle-based Diesel Fuel on Enhancement of Performance and Emissions of Diesel Engines
Authors: Gadalla Mamdouh A. , Mazen Omar M. , Aboul-Fotouh Tarek M. , Ashour Fatma H. , Elazab Hany A. 
Published: February 2020

Background:The current research work reports an investigation of the effects of employing CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles as potential additives to refinery (petroleum) diesel fuel, in order to reduce the emissions of combustion process as well as to enhance the combustion process.Methods:Nanodiesel samples were prepared with various concentrations (50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm). The experimental work was conducted using a four stroke diesel engine with a single cylinder at various loads in order to accurately determine the influence of nanoparticles on combustion process. The experimental readings were measured at two conditions, cold start and hot start relative to the engine.Results:It was clearly observed that the nanodiesel fuels have significantly reduced CO, CO2, NO, unburned HC, and enhanced the engine performance. According to the experimental results the 100 ppm TiO2 and 200 ppm CuO nanodiesel have showed almost the highest performance and lowest emissions comparable to neat diesel fuel and other nanodiesel samples. Owing to 100 ppm TiO2 on hot start conditions, it was found that the CO, CO2, NO, unburnt HC, exhaust temperature, and BSFC have been reduced by 41.4%, 37 %, 38.3%, 81%, 4.9%, and 20.5% respectively at maximum load. Meanwhile, the brake power, RPM and thermal efficiency have increased by 1.5%, 1% and 2.65% respectively.Conclusion:Eventually the stability of nanodiesel fuels were investigated. Accordingly, the stability of 100 ppm TiO2 and for 200 ppm CuO are 7 days and 3 days.