bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Alternative Lithium Salts for High‐Voltage Lithium Ion Batteries: Higher Relevance of Plated Li Morphology Than the Amount of Electrode Crosstalk
Authors: Arifiadi Anindityo , Wichmann Lennart , Brake Tobias , Lechtenfeld Christian , Buchmann Julius , Demelash Feleke , Yan Peng , Brunklaus Gunther , Cekic‐Laskovic Isidora , Wiemers‐Meyer Simon , Winter Martin , Kasnatscheew Johannes 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIncreasing the upper cut‐off voltage (UCV) enhances the specific energy of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs), but is accompanied by higher capacity fade as a result of electrode cross‐talk, i.e., transition metals (TM) dissolution from cathode and deposition on anode, finally triggering high surface area lithium (HSAL) formation due to locally enhanced resistance. Here, LiPF6, LiBF4, lithium difluoro(oxalate)borate (LiDFOB), lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB), lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI), and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) in carbonate‐based solvents are investigated in LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM 622) || graphite pouch cells with 4.5 V UCV. Despite the lower oxidative stabilities of LiBF4 and LiDFOB, thus enhanced HF formation, TM dissolution, and consequently electrode cross‐talk, higher capacity retention is observed compared to the case of LiPF6 electrolyte. Counterintuitively, it is not the TM deposit amount but rather the Li plating morphology that governs capacity fade, as these salts cause more uniform and compact lithium plating, i.e., lower surface area. In contrast, the dendritic HSAL with LiPF6 has a higher surface area, and more parasitic reactions, thus active Li (“Li inventory”) losses and capacity fade. Although NCM initiates the failure cascade, the capacity losses and cycle life of high‐voltage LIBs are predominantly determined by the anode, in particular the Li plating morphology and the corresponding surface area.
Two‐Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) Coupled With Zero‐Dimensional Nanomaterials (0D NMs) for Advanced Photodetection
Authors: Liu Ming‐Jin , Tang Shin‐Yi , Cyu Ruei‐Hong , Chung Chia‐Chen , Peng Yu‐Ren , Yang Pei‐Jung , Chueh Yu‐Lun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe integration of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with other materials presents a promising approach to overcome inherent limitations and enable the development of novel functionalities. In particular, 0D nanomaterials (0D NMs) offer notable advantages for photodetection, including broadband light absorption, size‐dependent optoelectronic properties, high quantum efficiency, and good compatibility. Herein, the integration of 0D NMs with 2D TMDs to develop high‐performance photodetectors is reviewed. The review provides a comprehensive overview of different types of 0D NMs, including plasma nanoparticles (NPs), up‐conversion NPs, quantum dots (QDs), nanocrystals (NCs), and small molecules. The discussion starts with an analysis of the mechanism of 0D NMs on 2D TMDs in photodetection, exploring various strategies for improving the performance of hybrid 2D TMDs/0D NMs. Recent advancements in photodetectors combining 2D TMDs with 0D NMs are investigated, particularly emphasizing critical factors such as photosensitivity, photogain, specific detectivity, and photoresponse speed. The review concludes with a summary of the current status, highlighting the existing challenges and prospective developments in the advancement of 0D NMs/2D TMDs‐based photodetectors.
The Relationship between In Vivo Toxicity and Responsive pH in Transistor‐Like pH‐Sensitive Nanodetergents
Authors: Zhang Weinan , Wang Xiaochuan , Wang Jihong , Su Chanjuan , Bao Yan , Xiong Menghua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSubacidity‐responsive materials (saRMs) have attracted considerable attention for disease‐specific pH‐responsive imaging and therapy. However, the guidance for their pH‐responsive design, aimed at achieving effective responses at lesion sites while minimizing unwanted responses in normal tissues, is inadequate and challenged by the subtle pH difference between the desired responsive pH and the pH of normal tissues. Here, the correlation between the responsive pH of ‘proton transistor’ nanodetergents (pTNTs) is investigated and the in vivo toxicity caused by unwanted responses in normal tissues, taking advantage of their refined responsive pH and the easily characterized membranolytic activity and cytotoxicity following response. It is designed and selected five pTNTs that undergo a refined transition from an inactive “OFF” state with sealed membranolytic activity and cytotoxicity to an active “ON” state with potent membranolytic activity and cytotoxicity within a 0.1 pH perturbation at transition pH (pHt) values of 7.2, 7.1, 6.9, 6.8, and 6.7, respectively. A significant correlation between the in vivo toxicity of these pTNTs and their pHt for membranolytic activity is observed. And non‐negligible changes in the organ toxicity of pTNTs are induced by every 0.1 or 0.2 pH shift of pHt. After intravenous administration, pTNTs with a pHt value of 7.2 or 7.1 induced significant hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity, while no significant toxicity is detected for pTNTs with pHt values ranging from 6.8 to 6.7. This hepatoxicity is found to be associated with the tissue's pH environment‐dependent activation of membranolytic activity. This study can provide guidance for designing pH‐responsive membranolytic materials and saRMs to minimize their toxicity and unwanted response in normal tissues.
Programmable DNA Reactions for Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy in Bioimaging
Authors: Hong Fan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBiological organisms are composed of billions of molecules organized across various length scales. Direct visualization of these biomolecules in situ enables the retrieval of vast molecular information, including their location, species, and quantities, which is essential for understanding biological processes. The programmability of DNA interactions has made DNA‐based reactions a major driving force in extending the limits of fluorescence microscopy, allowing for the study of biological complexity at different scales. This review article provides an overview of recent technological advancements in DNA‐based fluorescence microscopy, highlighting how these innovations have expanded the technique's capabilities in terms of target multiplexity, signal amplification, super‐resolution, and mechanical properties. These advanced DNA‐based fluorescence microscopy techniques have been widely used to uncover new biological insights at the molecular level.
When ChatGPT can't Chat: The Quest for Naturalness
Authors: Voss Erik , Waring Hansun Zhang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSignificant advancements in voice chatbots have spurred interest into their role in second language learning (Conium, 2008), particularly their ability to assist in the development of learners' conversation skills in a target language. Many efforts have been made to explore AI's potential to act as conversation partners for language learners. Of central concern is its “naturalness” in such an endeavor (Yang et al., 2022). Despite the importance of gauging “naturalness” in researching human–AI interaction, we are yet to find a systematic way of doing so. In this report, drawing upon half‐a‐century of conversation analytic findings as well as 15 recordings of human–AI interaction, we propose a framework that features three principles of natural human interaction: emergence, indexicality, and recipient design. Our goal is to support empirical research aimed at improving “naturalness” of AI conversational partners with language learners.
αCypermethrin‐Induced Biochemical and Molecular Cascades Underlying Ovine Ovarian Granulosa Cell Dysfunctions
Authors: Singh Poonam Kumari , Kumar Bogapathi Sampath , Nandi Sumanta , Gupta Paluru Subramniyam Parameswara , Mondal Sukanta 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of α‐Cypermethrin (αCYP), the second most commonly used pesticide in India, on the ovine ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) viability, growth, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis. GCs collected from abattoir‐derived ovine ovaries were cultured for 3/6 days in the presence of various concentrations of αCYP (0, 1, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μM). The results revealed a binary effect on GCs, where metabolic activity and viability rates were significantly (p < 0.05) lower from 25 μM onwards. Estrogen concentration was significantly low from the 1 μM dose, whereas progesterone concentration showed a significant increase (10 μM) in the spent media of cultured GCs. The cytotoxicity in the GCs exposed to αCYP revealed significant changes in LDH, ROS, CUPRAC, and GST activity (all at 25 μM) and MDA (at 10 μM) compared to those observed in the control group. The gene expression profiles of cultured GCs showed a significant up‐regulation of CYP11A1, FSHR (all at 1 μM), StAR, BAX, and CASP3 (all at 10 μM), 3βHSD1 (at 25 μM), and significant down‐regulation of CYP17A1 and ERS2 (all at 25 μM), CYP19A1 and 17βHSD (all at 1 μM), ESR1 and BCL2 (all at 10 μM) in comparison to those observed in control groups. The results of the present experiment demonstrated that αCYP affected the growth and functional parameters of GCs, the expression of steroid hormone‐associated genes, and hormone secretion.
Frequency Effect on Properties of Turbulent/Non-turbulent Interface in Separated and Reattaching Flows Past an Oscillating Fence
Authors: Li Sicheng , Wang Jinjun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe turbulent/non-turbulent interface (TNTI) in the separated and reattaching flows induced by an oscillating fence is experimentally study using particle image velocimetry in this paper. The oscillation frequency of fence is varied spanning subcritical, transitional, critical and supercritical flow regimes, respectively. In the subcritical case, the flow pattern and the TNTI properties are very similar to that in the static case, except in the vicinity of the fence where the actuated low-frequency flapping of the separated shear layer causes larger TNTI height fluctuations. The strongest conditional averaged vorticity is observed in the critical case. However, the faster transition to turbulence is induced by the higher oscillation frequency rather than the critical one. Higher oscillation frequency results in the slower decrease and less fluctuations in the TNTI height normalized by the boundary thickness. Additionally, the greatest TNTI height fluctuation in the recirculation zone is observed in the transitional case, where the vortex shedding frequency is locked to the oscillation frequency resulting in larger shedding vortices.
The Effect of Background Turbulence on the Dynamics of Turbulent Jets and Entrainment Processes Across the Turbulent/Turbulent Interface
Authors: Gaskin Susan J. , Kohan Khashayar F. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackground turbulence disrupts the jet structure resulting in its rapid decay (mean velocity and passive scalar concentration) and a reduced entrainment, before jet breakdown when only turbulent diffusion acts. The effect of the background turbulence is characterized by its relative length scale, $$\mathcal {L}$$
L
, and turbulence intensity, $$\xi $$
ξ
, with $$\xi $$
ξ
dominating the jet dynamics in the self-similar region. Large scales of the ambient turbulence advect the jet. Jet breakdown occurs at $$\xi = 0.5$$

ξ
=
0.5

, while for $$\xi < 0.5$$

ξ
<
0.5

, entrained small scales cause faster decay of the jet’s large vortical structures and transfer of their energy to smaller scales. They also increase the jet rms increasing the radial scalar transport and differential diffusion, thereby increasing the mixing. Entrainment occurs across the turbulent/turbulent interface, the TTI, identified by a larger sharp jump in mean and rms passive scalar concentration, which is longer, more tortuous and has a higher fractal dimension than its quiescent counterpart, the TNTI.
Whole exome sequencing reveals heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2) as a potential causative gene for kidney stone disease in a Thai family
Authors: Praditsap Oranud , Ahsan Nawara Faiza , Nettuwakul Choochai , Sawasdee Nunghathai , Sritippayawan Suchai , Yenchitsomanus Pa-thai , Rungroj Nanyawan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractKidney stone disease (KSD) is a prevalent and complex condition, with an incidence of 85 cases per 100,000 individuals in Thailand. Notably, over 40% of cases are concentrated in the northeastern region, indicating a potential genetic influence, which is supported by genetic mutations reported in several families by our research group. Despite this, the genetic basis of KSD remains largely unknown for many Thai families. This study aimed to identify the genetic mutation responsible for KSD in a specific Thai family, the UBRS131 family, which includes four affected individuals. Whole exome sequencing was performed, and variant filtering using the VarCards2 program identified 10 potentially causative mutations across 9 genes. These mutations were subjected to segregation analysis among family members and screened in 180 control and 179 case samples using real-time PCR-HRM or PCR-RFLP techniques. Prioritization of these variants using GeneDistiller identified the p.Asp775Glu mutation in the heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2) gene as the likely causative mutation for KSD in this family. The Asp775 residue is highly conserved across vertebrates, and structural analysis suggests that the Glu775 substitution may disrupt the formation of two crucial hydrogen bonds, potentially altering the mutant protein’s configuration. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of perlecan (HSPG2 protein) in the proximal tubules in nephrons. These findings highlight the significant role of the HSPG2 gene in familial KSD within this study family.
Artificial intelligence-derived coronary artery calcium scoring saves time and achieves close to radiologist-level accuracy accuracy on routine ECG-gated CT
Authors: Chamberlin Jordan H. , Abrol Sameer , Munford James , O’Doherty Jim , Baruah Dhiraj , Schoepf U. Joseph , Burt Jeremy R. , Kabakus Ismail M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been proposed to improve workflow for coronary artery calcium scoring (CACS), but simultaneous demonstration of improved efficiency, accuracy, and clinical stability have not been demonstrated. 148 sequential patients who underwent routine calcium-scoring computed tomography were retrospectively evaluated using a previously validated AI model (syngo. CT CaScoring VB60, Siemens Healthineers, Forscheim, Germany). CACS was performed by manual (Expert alone), semi-automatic (AI + expert review), and automatic (AI alone) methods. Time to complete and intraclass correlation coefficients were the primary endpoints. Secondary endpoints included differences in multiethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA) percentiles and stratification by calcium severity. AI and expert CACS agreement was excellent (ICC = 0.951; 95% CI 0.933–0.964). The global median time was 15 ± 2 s for AI (“Automatic”), 38 ± 13 s for the AI + manual review (“Semiautomatic”) and 45 ± 24 s for the manual segmentation. Automatic segmentation was faster than manual segmentation for all CACS severities (P < 0.001). AI computational time was independent of calcium burden. Global mean bias in Agatston score across all patients was 7.4 ± 102.6. The mean bias for global MESA score percentile was 2.1% ± 12%. 95% of error corresponded to a ± 10% difference in MESA score. The use of AI for CACS performs excellent accuracy, saves approximately 60% of time in comparison to manual review, and demonstrates low bias for clinical risk profiles. Time benefits are magnified for patients with high CACS. However, a semi-automatic approach is still recommended to minimize potential errors while maintaining efficiency.
Degradation Detection in Rice Products via Shape Variations in XCT Simulation-Empowered AI
Authors: Yosifov Miroslav , Lang Thomas , Florian Virginia , Gerth Stefan , De Beenhouwer Jan , Sijbers Jan , Kastner Johann , Heinzl Christoph 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis research explores the process of generating artificial training data for the detection and classification of defective areas in X-ray computed tomography (XCT) scans in the agricultural domain using AI techniques. It aims to determine the minimum detectability limit for such defects through analyses regarding the Probability of Detection based on analytic XCT simulations. For this purpose, the presented methodology introduces randomized shape variations in surface models used as descriptors for specimens in XCT simulations for generating virtual XCT data. Specifically, the agricultural sector is targeted in this work in terms of analyzing common degradation or defective areas in rice products. This is of special interest due to the huge biological genotypic and phenotypic variations occurring in nature. The proposed method is demonstrated on the application of analyzing rice grains for common defects (chalky and pore areas).
Utility of the Clinical and Radiological Features in the Management of Bethesda 3 and 4 Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Thiagarajan Shivakumar , Rane Swapnil , Chandak Khusbhu , Gurukeerthi B. , Kantamani Teja , Tuljapurkar Vidisha , Kumar Suman , Pantvaidya Gouri 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDeciding the right treatment strategy for patients with Bethesda 3 and 4 fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) reports may be challenging. The reported risk of malignancy (ROM) and those from high-volume institutes may not be identical. The cost of molecular testing and its unavailability for routine use limits its utility in decision-making. In this study, we included all patients diagnosed at our institute with Bethesda 3 and 4 thyroid nodules on FNAC between January 2012 and December 2021. We identified the risk of malignancy for these patients along with other factors that could help identify the possibility of malignancy in these thyroid nodules. We utilised the clinical (C), ultrasound features (U), and the Bethesda category (T) to derive the CUT score and derive a cut-off value beyond which malignancy could be predicted. A total of 359 patients were included in the study. The ROM for the Bethesda 3 thyroid nodule was 77.7% (167/215), and that for the Bethesda 4 thyroid nodule was 76.4% (110/144). On multivariate analysis, nodules taller than wider [0.006, 7.662 (1.806–32.5)], male gender [0.024, 2.359 (1.119–4.976)], and the presence of microcalcification [0.004, 2.328 (1.319–4.109)] were found to be significant for the presence of malignancy in the final histopathology. The CUT score > 8.875 was associated with malignancy in the final histopathology. Various clinical and radiological factors may be useful to identify the nodules harbouring malignancy and facilitate appropriate management. The rate of malignancy in Bethesda 3 and 4 nodules among those who underwent surgery in our cohort was higher.
The Three Social Dimensions of Chatbot Technology
Authors: Figueroa-Torres Mauricio 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe development and deployment of chatbot technology, while spanning decades and employing different techniques, require innovative frameworks to understand and interrogate their functionality and implications. A mere technocentric account of the evolution of chatbot technology does not fully illuminate how conversational systems are embedded in societal dynamics. This study presents a structured examination of chatbots across three societal dimensions, highlighting their roles as objects of scientific research, commercial instruments, and agents of intimate interaction. Through furnishing a dimensional framework for the evolution of conversational systems — from laboratories to marketplaces to private lives— this article contributes to the wider scholarly inquiry of chatbot technology and its impact in lived human experiences and dynamics.
Exploring the Long-Term Effects of the Statewide Implementation of an Automated Writing Evaluation System on Students’ State Test ELA Performance
Authors: Huang Yue , Wilson Joshua , May Henry 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAutomated writing evaluation (AWE) is an artificial intelligence (AI)-empowered educational technology designed to assist writing instruction and improve students’ writing proficiency. The present study adopted a quasi-experimental design using the inverse probability of treatment weighting method to explore the long-term effects of an AWE system known as Utah Compose on students’ state test English Language Arts (ELA) performance. The participants included 134,425 students in Grades 4–10 in Utah from school year 2015 to 2018. Findings showed AWE’s cumulative benefit to students’ ELA performance, but those cumulative effects decreased each year and peaked after three years of implementation. This study is the largest evaluation of AWE effects to date in terms of both its sample size and the duration of investigation. The findings regarding AWE’s cumulative effects on students’ state test ELA performance, which is a distal outcome at the state level, have significant implications for policy and practice regarding large-scale AWE implementation.
Betriebliche Weiterbildungsorientierung und Nachhaltigkeitsengagement
Authors: Baum Myriam , Hufnagl Julia , Mohr Sabine , Annen Silvia 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die Nachhaltigkeitsdiskussion ist in den letzten Jahren immer mehr in den Fokus der Berufsbildung gerückt. Einerseits beeinflusst die sozio-ökologische Transformation die Berufsbildung, anderseits braucht ihre Umsetzung die Berufsbildung, speziell die betriebliche Weiterbildung. Jedoch wird der dazugehörige theoretische und empirische Diskurs bisher nur marginal geführt. In diesem Beitrag werden in einem vertiefenden Mixed-Methods-Design quantitative Betriebsdaten mit qualitativen Interviewdaten verknüpft, um unter anderem der Frage nachzugehen, wie die betriebliche Weiterbildungsorientierung mit dem betrieblichen Nachhaltigkeitsengagement zusammenhängt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass betriebliche Weiterbildungsorientierung und das Nachhaltigkeitsengagement von und in Betrieben positiv zusammenhängen. Neben der betrieblichen Weiterbildung sind jedoch auch andere Betriebsbereiche und -aktivitäten zur Umsetzung der betrieblichen Nachhaltigkeitsziele gefragt, wie beispielsweise das Controlling oder die Logistik.
No legal barriers, no safe options: Navigating safe abortion in post-decriminalisation South Korea
Authors: Lee Yurim , Lee Eunjin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
On 1 January 2021, South Korea decriminalised abortion, overturning laws that had penalised women and medical practitioners since 1953. Despite this milestone, universal access to safe abortion services remains elusive. This paper investigates the post-decriminalisation abortion landscape in South Korea, focusing on how lingering legacies of state-led population control policies and developmentalist priorities continue to hinder meaningful legal and policy reforms. Abortion remains marginalised in public healthcare policies, reflecting a broader neglect of reproductive health and autonomy. Furthermore, recent legal frameworks addressing unwanted pregnancies undermine abortion rights under the guise of protecting vulnerable women in crisis pregnancies. Drawing on the ongoing struggles of reproductive justice activists in South Korea, this paper examines their efforts to push for comprehensive reforms that address systemic issues and advance sexual and reproductive health and rights.