bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factores de riesgo asociados al consumo de sustancias en mujeres víctimas de maltrato en contexto de pobreza.
Authors: Rivas Rivero Esther , Bonilla Enrique , Vázquez Jose Juan 
Published: December 2019

El trabajo analiza la relación entre el padecimiento de sucesos vitales estresantes y el consumo excesivo de alcohol y drogas en 136 mujeres víctimas de violencia de género de Nicaragua. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de una entrevista estructurada heteroaplicada diseñada para este fin, que recoge sucesos vitales estresantes padecidos por las víctimas a lo largo de su vida. Los resultados muestran que quienes padecieron distintos episodios de violencia desde la infancia consumieron alcohol y drogas en exceso. Además, el mayor predictor para el consumo de alcohol y drogas se encuentra entre quienes padecieron abuso sexual antes de los 18 años. Por otra parte, los análisis Odds Ratio indican un aumento del riesgo para el consumo de sustancias cuando el abuso se produjo a edades tempranas. Pese a la relevancia para la salud de las víctimas, existen pocos dispositivos en Nicaragua con los que atender a las víctimas de violencia de género hacia procesos de recuperación, sobre todo para quienes han desarrollado estrategias de afrontamiento relacionados con el consumo excesivo de sustancias.
The work analyzes the relationship between the suffering of stressful life events and the excessive consumption of alcohol and drugs in 136 women victims of gender violence in Nicaragua. The data was obtained from a heteroapplied structured interview designed for this purpose, which collects stressful life events suffered by the victims throughout their lives. The results show that those who suffered different episodes of violence since childhood consumed alcohol and drugs in excess. In addition, the greatest predictor for alcohol and drug use is among those who suffered sexual abuse before age 18. On the other hand, the Odds Ratio analyzes indicate an increased risk for the consumption of substances when the abuse occurred at an early age. Despite the relevance for the health of the victims, there are few devices in Nicaragua with which to assist victims of gender violence towards recovery processes, especially for those who have developed coping strategies related to excessive substance use.
LA COLLABORATION INTERPROFESSIONNELLE COMME MODALITÉ DE RÉSOLUTION DES IMPASSES THÉRAPEUTIQUES EN PÉDOPSYCHIATRIE : RECHERCHE-ACTION PARTICIPATIVE
Authors: Bordeleau Lyne , LeBlanc1 Jeannette 
Published: December 2019

Cet article présente les fondements, la méthode et les résultats d’une recherche-action participative visant à comprendre comment des professionnels travaillant dans une clinique de pédopsychiatrie construisent leur pratique de collaboration interprofessionnelle, le contexte dans lequel se construit cette pratique et comment ils peuvent améliorer la résolution des impasses thérapeutiques en réfléchissant sur cette pratique. Un traitement qualitatif, à partir du procédé d’analyse thématique de données recueillies au cours de périodes de réflexion en équipe et d’une entrevue de groupe, a permis d’identifier sept déterminants du processus de collaboration interprofessionnelle regroupés selon trois thèmes : 1) l’engagement, 2) les interactions et 3) le contexte de pratique. Six déterminants favorisent le travail de collaboration interprofessionnelle, alors qu’un y fait obstacle. La mise en évidence des déterminants au cours du déroulement de la recherche a un impact positif sur le processus de collaboration interprofessionnelle et sur la résolution des impasses thérapeutiques. Les forces et les limites de la recherche, ses retombées pour la pratique et des pistes pour de futures recherches sont présentées.
PgTI, the First Bioactive Protein Isolated from the Cactus Pilosocereus gounellei, is a Trypsin Inhibitor with Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Da Rocha Filho Cláudio Alberto Alves , Karla Amorim Poliana , Albuquerque Lima Thâmarah de , Michelle da Silva Pollyanna , Celine de Moura Maiara , Barroso Coelho Luana Cassandra Breitenbach , Benedeta Zingali Russolina , Viana Pontual Emmanuel , Henrique Napoleão Thiago , Guedes Paiva Patrícia Maria 
Published: December 2019

Aims: This work aimed to isolate, characterize and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a trypsin inhibitor (PgTI) from the stem of Pilosocereus gounellei.
Place and Duration of Study: Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco between March 2013 and October 2018. Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro between June and July 2018.
Methodology: PgTI was isolated from P. gounellei stem extract by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatographies. The inhibitor was characterized by isoelectric focusing, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, tryptic digestion followed by mass spectrometry analysis and for stability towards heating. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were investigated through broth microdilution assays. Viability of the microbial cells was also evaluated by flow cytometry analysis using thiazol orange and propidium iodide.
Results: PgTI appeared as a single polypeptide band of 37.1 kDa and isoelectric point (pI) 5.88. The inhibition constant (Ki) for bovine trypsin was 14 nM and mass spectrometry analysis of PgTI did not reveal similarities with other plant proteins. Trypsin inhibitor activity was stable at temperatures up to 50ºC. PgTI inhibited growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) from 7.5 to150 µg/mL) with bactericidal activity only against Escherichia coli (minimal bactericidal concentration: 75.0 µg/mL). PgTI also inhibited the growth of Candida krusei (MIC of 60 µg/mL). Flow cytometry confirmed that PgTI did not affect the viability of E. coli and C. krusei cells at the MIC.
Conclusion: This is the first report on a bioactive protein purified from P. gounellei, which provides biotechnological value to this cactus.
Rilton Ferreira Borges, Zola e as percepções do tempo: Naturalismo e História em Germinal, Alameda, 2018
Authors: Souza Raick De Jesus 
Published: December 2019

O objetivo central do presente trabalho é analisar a obra <em>Zola e as percepções do tempo em Germinal </em>de autoria de Rilton Borges (2018). Para tal empreendido, destacaremos as teses centrais apontadas em cada capítulo, além de evidenciar o rico debate historiográfico no qual o autor se insere. Espera-se contribuir dessa forma com o campo da História, especialmente, no que se refere aos estudos acerca das temporalidades. O presente estudo também busca reconhecer o valor do presente trabalho, diga-se de passagem, o primeiro entre nós em propor uma discussão acerca das diversas concepções de "tempo" presentes no movimento Naturalista.
O fascismo e a sua política (Escritos Políticos)
Authors: Gramsci Antonio 
Published: December 2019

Texto que aborda o fascismo, como movimento de reacção armada que se propõe o objetivo de desagregar e de desorganizar a classe trabalhadora para a imobilizar, enquadra-se no plano da política tradicional das classes dirigentes italianas e na luta do capitalismo contra a classe operária. E por isso favorecido, na sua origem, na sua organização e no seu caminho por todas os velhos grupos dirigentes, indistintamente, com preferência, porém, pelos agrários que sentem mais ameaçadora a pressão das plebes rurais. Socialmente, porém, o fascismo encontra a sua base na pequena burguesia urbana e numa nova burguesia agraria saída de uma transformação da propriedade rural em algumas regiões (fenómenos do capitalismo agrário na Emilia, origem de uma categoria de intermediários rurais.
Vertebrate Embryo: Patterning the Neural Crest Lineage
Authors: Kalcheim Chaya 
Published: December 2019

AbstractNeural crest (NC) cells form as epithelial progenitors during the process of neurulation, then undergo an epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and become motile. As mesenchymal cells, they migrate through stereotypical pathways, reach their homing sites and differentiate into a large variety of derivatives that are specific and variable along the embryonic axis. These include neurons and glia of the sensory and autonomic nervous system, pigment cells, chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland and mesectoderm in the head region. Given that a few initial progenitors expand and diversify so substantially, the NC provides an excellent model to investigate fundamental questions in Developmental Biology, that is, defining the state of commitment of the different precursors throughout ontogeny, unravelling the nature of cellular interactions among adjacent crest cells and between crest progenitors and their environment, and elucidating the molecular basis of lineage segregation, cell migration and terminal differentiation.Key ConceptsNC progenitors are multipotent at the population level and become differentially restricted during ontogeny.Lineage segregation in the trunk is likely to begin before NC emigration from the neural tube.Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition of NC progenitors is orchestrated by a network of factors (BMP/noggin, Wnt1 and Yap) acting in concert with adhesion molecules, RhoGTPases, extracellular matrix components and cell‐intrinsic determinants.NC cells migrate stereotypically to their homing sites and migration seems to be largely channelled by interactions between inhibitory environmental signals and NC cells expressing their cognate receptors.Specification and subsequent differentiation of NC progenitors into the various phenotypes are regulated by reiterative signals (i.e. BMPs, Wnts) that induce lineage‐specific codes of transcription factors.Schwann cell progenitors residing along peripheral nerves represent a multipotent source for various neuronal and nonneural derivativesIn spite of undergoing early fate restrictionsin vivo, some NC cells, even following differentiation, retain significant plasticity as evidenced byin vitroanalysis.
Transdifferentiation
Authors: Burke Zoë , Tosh David 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

The irreversible switch of one differentiated cell type to another is known as transdifferentiation. To consider that such cell‐type switching events arise through mistakes in normal development and tissue repair is a misnomer. It has long been accepted that many invertebrate organisms have the potential for transdifferentiation as part of their normal development or as a mechanism for replacing and regenerating lost or damaged tissue. Although their capacity for transdifferentiation is limited, this is also true for vertebrates and as such, several examples of naturally occurring, experimentally induced and disease‐related cell‐type interconversions have been described for higher organisms. These cell‐type conversions have important implications for understanding normal cell and tissue differentiation, the molecular and cellular basis of disease and may even facilitate the development of novel strategies for cell replacement and gene therapy in regenerative medicine.

Key Concepts

For a cell‐type conversion to be classified as transdifferentiation, two criteria have to be fulfilled (1) describe the loss of one cell phenotype and the gain of another and (2) demonstrate a direct ancestor–descendant relationship between the two cell types.

Transdifferentiation is associated with a discrete change in the programme of gene expression.

Transdifferentiation belongs to a broader group of cell type conversions called metaplasias.

Metaplasia is derived from the Greek word ‘metaplassein’ meaning ‘to mould into a new form’ and was first used to define the unexpected appearance of foreign tissues in ectopic sites.

Metaplasias also includes the conversion of one tissue‐specific stem cell to another tissue stem cell.

Some invertebrates demonstrate a remarkable capacity for transdifferentiation as part of their regenerative response to cell or tissue damage.

The potential for transdifferentiation in vertebrates is relatively limited compared to invertebrate organisms.

During transdifferentiation, cells pass through an intermediate state that may be progenitor‐like or unspecific, the nature of these intermediates is poorly understood.
Reactive Oxygen Species‐Scavenging Scaffold with Rapamycin for Treatment of Intervertebral Disk Degeneration
Authors: Bai Jinyu , Zhang Yingzi , Fan Qin , Xu Jialu , Shan Huajian , Gao Xiang , Ma Qingle , Sheng Lei , Zheng Xin , Cheng Weinan , Li Dazhuang , Zhang Mingchao , Hao Yu , Feng Liangzhu , Chen Qian , Zhou Xiaozhong , Wang Chao 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe chronic inflammatory microenvironment is characterized by the elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, it is hypothesized that developing an ROS‐scavenging scaffold loaded with rapamycin (Rapa@Gel) may offer a new strategy for modulating the local inflammatory microenvironment to improve intervertebral disk tissue regeneration. The therapeutic scaffold consisting of ROS‐degradable hydrogel can be injected into the injured degeneration site of intervertebral disk (IVD) and can release therapeutics in a programmed manner. The ROS scavenged by scaffold reduces the inflammatory responses. It is found that when rats are treated with Rapa@Gel, this results in an increase in the percentage of M2‐like macrophages and a decrease in M1‐like macrophages in the inflammatory environment, respectively. Regeneration of IVD is achieved by Rapa@Gel local treatment, due to the increased M2 macrophages and reduced inflammation. This strategy may be extended to the treatment of many other inflammatory diseases.
Pd@Au Bimetallic Nanoplates Decorated Mesoporous MnO2 for Synergistic Nucleus‐Targeted NIR‐II Photothermal and Hypoxia‐Relieved Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Yiyi , Lv Fan , Cheng Yaru , Yuan Zhipeng , Yang Fan , Liu Conghui , Cao Yu , Zhang Kai , Lu Huiting , Zada Shah , Guo Shaojun , Dong Haifeng , Zhang Xueji 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBimetallic nanoparticles have received considerable attention owing to synergistic effect and their multifunctionality. Herein, new multifunctional Pd@Au bimetallic nanoplates decorated hollow mesoporous MnO2 nanoplates (H‐MnO2) are demonstrated for achieving not only nucleus‐targeted NIR‐II photothermal therapy (PTT), but also tumor microenvironment (TME) hypoxia relief enhanced photodynamic therapy (PDT). The Pd@Au nanoplates present a photothermal conversion efficiency (PTCE) as high as 56.9%, superior to those PTAs activated in the NIR‐II region such as Cu9S5 nanoparticles (37%), Cu3BiS3 nanorods (40.7%), and Au/Cu2−xS nanocrystals (43.2%). They further functionalize with transactivator of transcription (TAT) moiety for cell nuclear‐targeting and biodegradable hollow mesoporous MnO2 (≈100 nm) loaded with photosensitizer Ce6 (TAT‐Pd@Au/Ce6/PAH/H‐MnO2) to construct a hierarchical targeting nanoplatform. The as‐made TAT‐Pd@Au/Ce6/PAH/H‐MnO2 demonstrates good premature renal clearance escape ability and increased tumor tissue accumulation. It can be degraded in acidic TME and generate O2 by reacting to endogenous H2O2 to relieve the hypoxia for enhanced PDT, while the released small TAT‐Pd@Au nanoplates can effectively enter into the nucleus to mediate PTT. As a result, a remarkable therapeutic effect is achieved owing to the synergistic PTT/PDT therapy. This hierarchical targeting, TME‐responsive, cytoplasm hypoxia relief PDT, and nuclear NIR‐II PTT synergistic therapy can pave a new avenue for nanomaterials‐based cancer therapy.
A 3D Hemispheric Steam Generator Based on An Organic–Inorganic Composite Light Absorber for Efficient Solar Evaporation and Desalination
Authors: Chen Guoliang , Zhang Nan , Li Na , Yu Liangmin , Xu Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2019

AbstractSolar‐driven interfacial steam generation is emerging as a sustainable and environmental‐friendly technology for potential applications in sterilization, desalination, and wastewater treatment. Despite the impressive progress achieved at labs, only few designs specialize in ambient and outdoor applications. Herein, a 3D hemispheric steam generator composed of nanocarbon (CB):poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composite materials as a light‐absorber, which boosts the light absorption in a wide range of incident angles, is reported. Gratifyingly, the 3D hemispheric steam generator afford efficient water evaporation and high photothermal conversion efficiencies of ≈87% when employing moderate sunlight (0.75 sun) with varied incident angles (90°, 80°, and 65°) in a set of indoor measurements. The more hydrophobic surface of the light‐absorber enabled by PMMA leads to better durability and avoids significant salt accumulation for solar desalination. This work highlights the intriguing prospect of this novel 3D hemispheric design and elegant organic–inorganic composite concept to realize efficient clean water production for potential real‐world applications.
Whispering Gallery Modes at THz
Authors: Prabhu Shriganesh S. , Achanta Venu Gopal 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWhispering gallery modes (WGM) offer strong confinement of electromagnetic radiation to specific resonances supported by the geometry of the resonator. In fact, highest ever quality factors are reported in optical and near‐infrared WGMs along with their applications. Terahertz (THz) radiation offers a unique spectroscopic window to probe materials and has applications in security, sensing, and telecommunication. WGMs at THz have untapped potential for light–matter interaction studies and wide‐ranging applications. In this review, an educational overview of WGMs is given, followed by a review of the THz WGMs and their applications.
Lithography‐Free Random Bismuth Nanostructures for Full Solar Spectrum Harvesting and Mid‐Infrared Sensing
Authors: Soydan Mahmut Can , Ghobadi Amir , Yildirim Deniz Umut , Duman ElifSarıgül , Bek Alpan , Erturk Vakur Behcet , Ozbay Ekmel 
Published: December 2019

AbstractA lithography‐free, double‐functional single bismuth (Bi) metal nanostructure is designed, fabricated, and characterized for ultrabroadband absorption in the visible (vis) and near‐infrared (NIR) ranges, and for a narrowband response with ultrahigh refractive index sensitivity in the mid‐infrared (MIR) range. To achieve a large‐scale fabrication of the design in a lithography‐free route, the oblique‐angle deposition approach is used to obtain densely packed and randomly spaced/oriented Bi nanostructures. It is shown that this fabrication technique can provide a bottom‐up approach to controlling the length and spacing of the design. The characterization findings reveal a broadband absorbance above 0.8 in vis and NIR, and a narrowband absorbance centered around 6.54 µm. Dense architecture and extraordinary permittivity of Bi provide strong field confinement in ultrasmall gaps between nanostructures, and this can be utilized for a sensing application. An ultrahigh sensitivity of 2151 nm refractive‐index unit (RIU–1) is acquired, which is, as far as it is known, the experimentally highest sensitivity attained so far. The simple and large‐scale compatible fabrication route of the design together with the extraordinary optical response of Bi coating makes this design promising for many optoelectronic and sensing applications.
A Triphasic Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalyst with Tunable and Synergetic Interfacial Structure for Rechargeable Zn‐Air Batteries
Authors: Zhu Jianbing , Xiao Meiling , Li Gaoran , Li Shuang , Zhang Jing , Liu Guihua , Ma Lu , Wu Tianpin , Lu Jun , Yu Aiping , Su Dong , Jin Huile , Wang Shun , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: December 2019

AbstractAtomic‐scale design of interfacial structure is an intriguing but challenging approach to developing efficient heterogenous catalysts for bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysis. Herein, an exquisite triphasic interfacial structure featuring the encapsulation of FexNi alloy in a graphitic shell with a partial exposure of the FeOy thin‐layered surface is manipulated via an electronic modulation strategy. The spontaneous integration of well‐crystallized metal alloy, carbon shell with a tunable active FeOy layer, not only guarantees smooth charge transfer across the thin oxide layer, but also generates the synergistic effect at the interface, thus dramatically boosting the intrinsic activity of oxygen catalysis. Benefiting from these attributes, the hybrid catalyst outperforms the commercial noble‐metal benchmarks with a higher half‐wave potential of 0.890 V for oxygen reduction reaction and lower overpotential of 308 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media. Beyond that, a high‐performance rechargeable Zn‐air battery is realized with a narrow voltage gap of 0.742 V and excellent cyclability over 500 cycles at 10 mA cm−2, demonstrating the great potential of the as‐developed triphasic electrocatalyst for practical applications.
Relationship of sanitation, water boiling, and mosquito nets to health biomarkers in a rural subsistence population
Authors: Dinkel Katelyn A. , Costa Megan E. , Kraft Thomas S. , Stieglitz Jonathan , Cummings Daniel K. , Gurven Michael , Kaplan Hillard , Trumble Benjamin C. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThroughout human evolutionary history, parasites and pathogens were a major cause of mortality‐modern urban life with public health infrastructure has changed disease exposure. We examine associations between boiling water, using latrines, mosquito net usage, and biomarkers among the Tsimane, a nonindustrial subsistence population with little public health infrastructure.MethodsWe conducted cross sectional surveys on water, latrines, and bed nets among 507 heads of households (aged 18‐92 years, median age 41 years). Regression models estimated associations between behaviors and health biomarkers (ie, white blood cell count [WBC], hemoglobin, eosinophil count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, wealth, schooling, and distance to the nearby market town.ResultsLatrine use is associated with 6.5% lower WBC count (β = −679.6, P = .031, SE = 314.1), 17.4% lower eosinophil counts (β = −244.7, P = .023, SE = 107.2), and reduced odds of eosinophilia (adjusted OR = 0.40, P < .019, 95% CI = 0.18‐0.86). Boiling water and mosquito net use are not significantly associated with any biomarkers measured.ConclusionsIn a subsistence population currently undergoing epidemiological transition, we find that latrine use was associated with several objective measures of health. This suggests that relatively low cost and low maintenance public health interventions may wish to focus on latrine use, as there is unmet need and potential health benefits for those who use latrines. Additionally, while the cost is higher, public health organizations aimed at improving sanitation may be able to use minimally invasive field‐collected biomarkers as a diagnostic to objectively test the efficacy of interventions with greater specificity than anthropometric measurements.