bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working to Work: Gaining Employment After Inclusive Postsecondary Education
Authors: Ducett Katie , Myers Beth , Shults Brianna 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIndividuals with intellectual disability in the United States have historically been underemployed due to societally constructed barriers. Recently, more individuals with intellectual disability have been attending Inclusive Postsecondary Education (IPSE) programmes, which have contributed to improving their employment outcomes.MethodsThis qualitative study analyzed the experiences of five graduates from one IPSE programme who completed an internship during their programme. Semistructured interviews were used to discuss their IPSE internship experiences, current employment and future goals. Transcripts were coded and analyzed inductively.FindingsAt the time of the interviews, each participant had competitive employment. The findings illustrated two significant categories of resources used to gain employment postgraduation: internal university resources such as university staff, course content, work sites and networking groups; and external university resources, including parents, community service agencies and the Internet.ConclusionsAlthough external university resources were important to the participants in this study, they may be an area of inequity when considering the intersectionality of disability and other marginalized identities such as race and socioeconomic status. To combat any lack of external resources a student may have, IPSE programmes should plan to address potential inequities programmatically.
Impacts of the installation of basking banks on four UK reptile species in a before–after control–intervention experiment
Authors: Pickles Brian J. , Tse‐Leon Jenny 
Published: December 2024

AbstractReptiles are often overlooked in conservation efforts. Hence, long‐term population data is often unavailable, and evidence for effective conservation actions that improve reptile habitat remains scarce for most species. Here we used a before–after control–intervention (BACI) experiment to investigate the impact of basking bank creation on four co‐occurring reptile species: European adder, barred grass snake, slow worm, and viviparous lizard. Long‐term refuge monitoring at a UK wildlife reserve allowed population assessment before and after habitat modification. Only viviparous lizards were observed at basking banks within 12 months of construction. In subsequent years, barred grass snake observations increased near basking banks and slow worms were observed for the first time, while European adder observations increased away from banks and barred grass snake observations decreased away from banks. Our small‐scale BACI study suggests basking banks attracted barred grass snakes from the surrounding area, which saw a corresponding increase in European adder sightings.
Determinants of alcohol consumption among men and women aged 15–49 years in Cambodia: Evidence from the Cambodia demographic and health survey 2021–2022
Authors: Um Samnang , Heng Sovandara , Mok Somany , Chamroen Pall , Sopheab Heng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionAlcohol consumption is a global health issue linked to over 200 diseases and accounts for 5.3% of all deaths annually. We aimed to determine the sociodemographic factors associated with alcohol consumption among Cambodian women and men aged 15–49 years.MethodsWe used data from the 2022 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey, including 19,496 women and 8825 men aged 15–49. Multiple logistic regressions were performed using STATA V18 to examine factors associated with alcohol consumption.ResultsNearly 70% of men (95% CI 67.6–70.9) and 16.3% of women (95% CI 15.3–17.3) reported consuming alcohol in the past months. Among men, predictors of alcohol consumption, including those aged 19–24 years, had higher odds of consuming alcohol than the younger ages ≤18 years (AOR 2.14; 95% CI 1.65–2.77). Married men consumed alcohol more than unmarried men and smokers had higher odds of alcohol use than non‐smokers with AOR 1.80 (95% CI 1.52–2.14). Similar patterns were found among women, including increased ages, marriage and smoking were predictors of alcohol consumption.Discussion and ConclusionsThe study highlights the high prevalence of alcohol consumption among the Cambodian adult population, particularly among men. For both sexes, increased ages greater than 18 years, those who were married, had jobs, and smoking were the main predictors of alcohol consumption. Health promotion efforts should be focused on younger adults aged 19–24, who are increasingly engaging in risky behaviours, including alcohol intake and smoking, by raising awareness about the health consequences of harmful alcohol consumption.
Genetic Structural Changes While Maintaining Effective Population Size of Bighead Catfish in Nong Han Lake: Implications of Metapopulation Dynamics or Release Activities
Authors: Patta Chananya , Sriphairoj Kednapat , Budi Trifan , Quanoo Dominic Kwesi , Nguyen Ton Huu Duc , Jaito Wattanawan , Chalermwong Piangjai , Pongsanarm Tavun , Thatukan Chadaphon , Wongloet Wongsathit , Panthum Thitipong , Thong Thanyapat , Srikampa Phanitada , Singchat Worapong , Rasoarahona Ryan , Kraichak Ekaphan , Muangmai Narongrit , Chatchaiphan Satid , Hatachote Sittichai , Chaiyes Aingorn , Jantasuriyarat Chatchawan , Chailertlit Visarut , Suksavate Warong , Sonongbua Jumaporn , Prasanpan Jiraboon , Payungporn Sunchai , Han Kyudong , Antunes Agostinho , Srisapoome Prapansak , Dokkaew Sahapop , Duengkae Prateep , Na‐Nakorn Uthairat , Matsuda Yoichi , Srikulnath Kornsorn 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe Bighead Catfish (Clarias macrocephalus) plays crucial roles in the ecosystem and as a protein source for humans in Nong Han Lake, Thailand, but their ecological and population dynamics, along with their genetic diversity and structure, are poorly understood. Therefore, the dynamics of genetic diversity and differentiation of bighead catfish populations in Nong Han Lake were investigated during 2018–2023 to provide essential insights into preserving biodiversity and maintaining ecological balance. Microsatellite genotyping was used to assess the genetic diversity of one bighead catfish population in 2018, two populations in 2023, and one hatchery population. Potentially stable, effective population sizes and distinct genetic clusters of these populations were identified, which represented the resilience of populations and the complexity of their genetic dynamics. Genetic differentiation between sample dates and among populations suggested that limited recent and historical genetic exchanges could potentially influence genetic structure. The impact of ecological factors, including flooding, metapopulation dynamics, and human interventions, was indicated by unique and shared gene pools among populations and subpopulations in different years. Ongoing assessment of genetic diversity and structure of bighead populations is essential for developing conservation strategies and ensuring sustainable management.
Causes, Solutions and Health Inequalities: Comparing Perspectives of Professional Stakeholders and Community Participants Experiencing Low Income and Poor Health in London
Authors: McHugh Neil , Baker Rachel , Donaldson Cam , Bala Ahalya , Mojarrieta Marta , White Gregory , Biosca Olga 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundEngaging with the public can influence policy decisions, particularly towards more radical policy change. While established research exists exploring public perceptions on causes of health inequalities, much less exists on how to tackle health inequalities in the UK. Despite an emphasis on ‘lived experience’, currently no study has focused on how individuals with very poor health conceive of both causes of, and solutions to, health inequalities.MethodsQ methodology was used to identify and describe the shared perspectives that exist on causes of, and solutions to, health inequalities experienced in low‐income communities. Community participants living with low‐incomes and poor health (n = 20) and professional stakeholders (n = 20) from London rank ordered 34 ‘Causes’ and 39 ‘Solutions’ statements onto quasi‐normal shaped grids according to their point of view. Factor analysis defined factors for both ‘Causes’ and ‘Solutions’.ResultsAnalysis produced three‐factor solutions for both the ‘Causes’ and ‘Solutions’. ‘Causes’ are (i) ‘Systemic inequality and poverty’, (ii) ‘Ignored and marginalised communities’, (iii) ‘Precariousness, chronic stress and hopelessness’. ‘Solutions’ are (i) ‘Meeting basic needs and providing opportunities to thrive’, (ii) ‘Empowering individuals to take control’, (iii) ‘Supporting healthy choices’. No professional stakeholders aligned with ‘Ignored and marginalised communities’ while at least one community participant or professional stakeholder aligned with all other factors.ConclusionResults support the view that the public has a relatively sophisticated understanding of causes of health inequalities and help challenge assumptions held by policy actors that lay members of the public do not recognise and understand more upstream ways to respond to health inequalities.Patient or Public ContributionThe public contributed to the design of the Q study. Surveys and interviews with community participants informed the development of the statement set and the statement set was also piloted with community participants and finalised based on feedback.
Application of a minimally invasive full‐thickness autologous microcolumn skin harvesting device for donor site tissue collection and augmenting wound healing in a porcine wound model
Authors: Smith Stephen , Curtis Brenda , Nicholson Lisa , Koshy Thomas , Max Tyler , Prevish Brian , Goedegebuure Madeleine , Manista Gregory , Tam Joshua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractUsing a 6‐week porcine full‐thickness excisional wound grafting model, we evaluated the Autologous Regeneration of Tissue (ART®) System, a novel skin harvesting device designed to collect autologous full‐thickness autologous microcolumns (FTAM) at 0.5 mm in diameter. The donor skin sites were harvested using the ART® System and compared to split‐thickness skin grafts (STSGs). Recipient sites were divided into three treatment groups: FTAM, STSG and Untreated control. Comparing the FTAM donor sites to the STSG donor sites, we observed significantly faster re‐epithelization by Day 4 (p < 0.05), earlier adnexal structures and rete ridge formation by Week 3, and increased collagen and elastin content by Week 6. We also observed an increased rate of healing at the FTAM donor site whilst limiting donor site morbidity compared to traditional STSG donor sites. Time to recipient site closure was 2.4 weeks for STSG treated, 3.3 weeks for FTAM treated and 4.1 weeks for the Untreated control (p < 0.05). The STSG and FTAM recipient sites reached complete re‐epithelialization by Weeks 4 and 5, respectively which was significantly faster compared to the Untreated control. However, the FTAM recipient site received only 10% of the donor site tissue relative to the recipient site area and the amount of donor site tissue grafted on the STSG recipient sites was 5× more than the FTAM recipient sites. Additionally, the FTAMs harvested by the ART® System augmented recipient wound site healing as a result of ‘epithelial island’ expansion in contrast to Untreated control sites that closed primarily by contracture.
Two Distinct Atrial Breakthroughs During Fast‐Slow Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia
Authors: Tamura Shuntaro , Nakatani Yosuke , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Kobari Takashi , Kaneko Yoshiaki , Ishii Hideki 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe slow atrioventricular nodal pathway (SP) typically has a single atrial breakthrough site.Methods and ResultsWe report a case of fast‐slow type AVNRT with two distinct atrial breakthrough sites during tachycardia. The earliest atrial activation site (EAAS) was at the right inferior septum, followed by the inferolateral wall of the tricuspid annulus. Ablation at the EAAS shifted it to the inferolateral wall.ConclusionThis case demonstrates two distinct atrial breakthrough sites from a single SP in AVNRT.
Echocardiographic Predictors of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Devices and Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator
Authors: Efimova Elena , Zeynalova Samira , Eifert Sandra , Dashkevich Alexey , Borger Michael Andrew , Meyer Anna L. , Garbade Jens , Darma Angeliki , Bode Kerstin , Arya Arash 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate the predictive value of preoperative echocardiographic parameters for occurrence of VAs in patients with preexisting ICD undergoing LVAD implantation.Methods and ResultsAll consecutive patients (n = 264) with previous ICD who underwent LVAD surgery between May 2011 and December 2019 at our institution were included. The patients were predominantly male (89%) with NICM (59%) and a mean age of 59 ± 10 years. All LVADs were continuous flow device (154 HVAD, 21 HeartMate II, and 89 HeartMate 3). A total of 102 (39%) patients had VAs in the first year after LVAD implantation. We compared echocardiographic parameters in patients with and without VAs before LVAD, at 1 month and 1 year after LVAD implantation. Increased pre‐LVEDD ≥ 72 mm predicted the occurrence of VAs after LVAD implantation for ICM patients (HR: 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): [1.3–6.6], p = 0.012), while a larger pre‐RVEDD ≥ 46 mm was predictive in NICM patients (HR: 2.8, (CI): [1.4–5.9], p = 0.004). Moreover, a larger RVEDD at 1 year after LVAD was highly associated with VAs in the first year after LVAD implantation (50 ± 10 vs. 45 ± 8 mm, p = 0.001). All patients demonstrated a significant decrease in LVEDD as well as a reduction in severity of mitral and tricuspid regurgitation during 1 year after LVAD implantation, reflecting left ventricular unloading through the LVAD.ConclusionsLarger left and right ventricular diameters before LVAD predict the occurrence of VAs after LVAD implantation in ICM and NICM patients. Persistent RV remodeling post‐LVAD is also associated with VAs.
The Association of Food Security With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A National Health Interview Survey Analysis
Authors: Burton Brittany N. , Sykes Alexis , Canales Cecilia , Ibarra Andrea J. , Chang En , Dahan Jonathan , Milam Adam J. , Yu Tina , Cha Catherine 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFood security is one of the most researched social determinants of health (SDoH), however, there is a lack of literature on the impact of food security on cardiovascular disease in pregnancy. The primary objective was to examine the association between food security with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We performed a cross‐sectional analysis of 2019–2022 data from the National Health Interview Survey. The study population included women of childbearing age who were either pregnant or recently pregnant. Logistic regression models were developed to examine the association between food security and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Of the 1635 women included in the analysis, the rate of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was 11.1% and the rate of low and very low food security was 5.3% and 4.0%, respectively. The prevalence was 5.8% for hyperlipemia, 0.3% for cardiovascular disease, and 10.5% for diabetes mellitus. The odds of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were statistically significantly increased among women with low food security compared to women with high food security (odds ratio [OR] 2.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19–4.81) after adjusting for age, race, ethnicity, insurance status, body mass index, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Further studies are needed to elucidate the causes of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and interventions to address including the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and food pantries, as it may be more feasible to address issues of food security among pregnant women.
Reliable Quality Traceability for Tilapia Cold Chain Using Blockchain and Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Feng Huanhuan , Fan Jiaxin , Ji Yuxi , Glamuzina Branko , Ma Ruiqin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTilapia are easily prone to degradation during the cold chain process, which is an urgent need for a transparent, efficient, and trustworthy traceability system. This paper designed and implemented a tilapia‐blockchain IoT traceability system (T‐BITS) based on Hyperledger Fabric. Intelligent sensing device and smart contracts were developed for traceability modeling and consensus optimization. Furthermore, a machine‐learning approach was used to achieve quality grading evaluation for tilapia cold chain. The GWO‐LSTM‐based key parameters prediction and PSO‐SVM‐based quality grading model were established. The results show that the T‐BITS system is more effective to capture and trace the critical ambient and quality information for tilapia cold chain. PSO‐SVM model accuracy for quality coupling grading reaches 93.33%. This work can provide decision‐making reference for tilapia quality control.
Optimal Design of the Hole Shape of the Air Suction Porous Turntable and Analysis of Adsorption Characteristics of Flexible Blades
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhu Xinyu , Ye Wenhao , Li Menghao , Zhou Jianhai 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTo improve the adsorption effect of air suction sorting equipment, in this study, flexible blades were used as test materials, and porous turntables with circular holes (A), rectangular holes (B), and rectangular‐circular holes (C) were designed. Fluent software was used to simulate and analyze the aerodynamic characteristics of the flow field at the porous turntable, and the blade falling adsorption bench test was built. Under the same test conditions, the adsorption blades of the porous turntable were photographed by a high‐speed camera. Based on the C‐hole turntable and the tuyere air pressure of 380 Pa, it is verified by a single‐factor test that the blade falling in the distance of the porous turntable, the rotating speed of the turntable, and the number of blades extending perpendicular to the direction of movement have a direct effect on the blade adsorption of the porous turntable. To obtain the optimum adsorption conditions for the bench test, an orthogonal test was used, and a certain number of leaves were used for the test while the adsorption efficiency was considered; it is found that when the distance from the porous turntable is 40 mm, the rotation speed of the turntable is 60 r/min and the number of transverse blades of the conveyor belt is 4, and 100% adsorption can be achieved. In summary, the research results and methods of this experiment can provide reference and guidance for the research group to carry out the follow‐up research and development of multi‐stage air suction sorting equipment.
Natural History and Predictors of Clinical Outcomes in Autoimmune Liver Diseases: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Jayabalan Dujinthan , Huang Yi , Calzadilla‐Bertot Luis , Adams Leon A. , Cheng Wendy , Hazeldine Simon , Smith Briohny W. , MacQuillan Gerry C. , Wallace Michael C. , Garas George , Jeffrey Gary P. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimPrognosis in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) has historically been poor. This multicenter retrospective cohort study investigated the natural history and assessed the predictors of outcomes in patients with AIH, PBC, and PSC.MethodsAIH, PBC, and PSC patients were identified from the state‐wide Hepascore and Clinical Outcome cohort. Overall death or transplant, liver‐related mortality (liver‐related death or transplant), and liver‐related decompensation were determined using a population‐based data linkage system. Baseline Liver Outcome Score (LOS), Hepascore, and MELD were examined for predicting outcomes.ResultsTwo‐hundred thirty‐seven AIH patients (24% male, median age 56.6 years [range, 14.3–94.0]), 157 PBC patients (8.3% male, median age 60.5 years [range, 25.6–87.1]), and 167 PSC patients (52.7% male, median age 55.6 years [range, 18.4–88.6]) were enrolled. Five‐year transplant‐free survival was 88% (95%CI: 81–92%) in AIH, 92% (95%CI: 85–96%) in PBC, and 61% (95%CI: 51–69%) in PSC. PSC had a significantly worse overall death or transplant, liver‐related mortality, and liver‐related decompensation when compared to AIH and PBC (p < 0.0001). LOS was a significant independent predictor of overall death or transplant, liver‐related mortality, and liver‐related decompensation among patients with AIH and PBC. LOS was a significant independent predictor of overall death or transplant in patients with PSC, and Hepascore was a significant independent predictor of liver‐related mortality and liver‐related decompensation.ConclusionsOutcomes for AIH and PBC are excellent but remain poor in PSC. LOS is a predictor of outcomes in autoimmune liver disease.
Analysis of Crisis Effects via Maximum Entropy Adjustment
Authors: McElroy Tucker 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCrises, such as the Covid‐19 epidemic, can affect economic time series by distorting historical trends and seasonal patterns with extreme values. The identification and adjustment of such extremes is important for the production of seasonally adjusted data; an ongoing challenge is the identification of a crisis' end, where the time series returns to more typical pre‐crisis dynamics. A secondary challenge is to model and analyze time series data with both missing values and extremes. This paper extends the maximum entropy framework to a generalized class of extreme values, including level shifts, temporary changes, and seasonal outliers. These outliers are described as a particular type of stochastic process that is latent, or unobserved, such that its removal increases the time series entropy. The proposed methods allow one to model and fit time series data using conventional tools in the presence of specified streams of extreme values, as well as missing values. Extreme value adjustment, with quantification of mean squared error, can then be obtained along with the seasonal adjustment; there is also a test statistic to directly compare two specifications of extremes. The techniques are illustrated in weekly employment data.
Abstract and Acoustic Targets in Phonetic Imitation
Authors: Hauser Ivy 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTPhonetic imitation (also called convergence or accommodation) occurs when talkers alter their pronunciation towards speech they hear. This can happen spontaneously with only a few minutes of exposure in a laboratory experiment even without instruction to imitate. While there is considerable evidence for spontaneous imitation, in many cases it is not clear exactly which aspects of the model talker are being imitated. It is possible to imitate the raw acoustics of the model's voice or more abstract targets like normalised acoustics of the model's voice, phonological patterns the model exhibits, or speech style. Although there is substantial literature demonstrating convergent speech behaviour, existing work typically does not distinguish between these different types of targets. This has theoretical implications for accounts of imitation and normalisation, methodological significance for analysis of imitation studies, and potential applied significance for how imitation is used in language teaching and clinical speech therapy. This paper will review these issues, discuss the statistical challenges associated with measuring convergence to competing targets, and make methodological recommendations for future studies.