bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-Stroke Depressive Symptoms: Varying Responses to Escitalopram by Individual Symptoms and Lesion Location
Authors: Lee Eun-Jae , Kim Jong S. , Chang Dae-Il , Park Jong-Ho , Ahn Seong Hwan , Cha Jae-Kwan , Heo Ji Hoe , Sohn Sung-Il , Lee Byung-Chul , Kim Dong-Eog , Kim Hahn Young , Kim Seongheon , Kwon Do-Young , Kim Jei , Seo Woo-Keun , Lee Jun , Park Sang-Won , Koh Seong-Ho , Kim Jin Young , Choi-Kwon Smi , Kim Min-Sun , Lee Ji-Sung 
Published: September 2020

Objective: The efficacy of antidepressants in post-stroke depressive symptoms (PSD) varies. We aimed to examine whether the effect of escitalopram on PSD differs according to individual depressive symptoms and stroke lesion location. Methods: This is a post hoc analysis of EMOTION ( ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT01278498), a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial that examined the efficacy of escitalopram on depression in acute stroke patients (237 with placebo, 241 with escitalopram). Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the 10-item Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Changes in MADRS and individual item scores at 12 weeks were compared between the treatment groups and among the stroke lesion location groups. Stroke lesion locations were grouped according to the anatomical distribution of serotonin fibers that originate from the midbrain/pons and spread to the forebrain via subcortical structures: “Midbrain-Pons,” “Frontal-Subcortical,” and “Others.” Least-squares means were calculated to demonstrate the independent effect of lesion location. Results: Total MADRS scores decreased more significantly in the escitalopram than in the placebo group, while a significant effect of escitalopram was observed in only 3 items: apparent sadness, reported sadness, pessimistic thoughts. In the lesion location analyses, escitalopram users in the Frontal-Subcortical group showed significant improvement in total MADRS scores (placebo [n = 130] vs. escitalopram [n = 148], least-square mean [95% CI]: -2.3 [-3.5 to -0.2] vs. -4.5 [-5.5 to -3.4], p = .005), while those in the Midbrain-Pons and Others groups did not. Conclusions: The effect of escitalopram on PSD may be more prominent in patients with particular depressive symptoms and stroke lesion locations, suggesting the need for tailored treatment strategies.
Studying the Asian Ocean-Sea
Authors: Mukherjee Rila 
Published: September 2020

This article urges a rethinking of South Asian cosmography to counter our notion of seascapes lying outside notions of sovereignty, territoriality and technologies of control. While seas have emerged as central to economic and political security for most of the worlds’ states, this is seen as a comparatively new phenomenon because South Asia’s territoriality has always been seen as land-based. The emphasis on the modern has resulted in a neglect of South Asia’s rich tradition of maritime expressiveness and generates a ‘maritime blindness’ affecting policy formulation, despite works on seafaring which trace diverse maritime perceptions from Pali and Sanskrit literature, sculptures, coins, paintings and epigraphy. This article claims that waterscapes were not absent in Asian ideas of territoriality, but differentiating between awareness in literary expressions of political selfhood wherein rulers saw the sea as boundary or even space of overlordship, and actual instances of ordering and controlling maritime spaces is important. By contrast, China’s example as keeper of meticulous records pertaining to maritime matters shows attempts at actively controlling maritime spaces and provides new ways of reading South Asian perceptions of the sea.
Personalized Computational Models of Tissue-Rearrangement in the Scalp Predict the Mechanical Stress Signature of Rotation Flaps
Authors: Lee Taeksang , Turin Sergey Y. , Stowers Casey , Gosain Arun K. , Tepole Adrian Buganza 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To elucidate the mechanics of scalp rotation flaps through 3D imaging and computational modeling. Excessive tension near a wound or sutured region can delay wound healing or trigger complications. Measuring tension in the operating room is challenging, instead, noninvasive methods to improve surgical planning are needed. Design: Multi-view stereo allows creation of 3D patient-specific geometries based on a set of photographs. The patient-specific 3D geometry is imported into a finite element (FE) platform to perform a virtual procedure. The simulation is compared with the clinical outcome. Additional simulations quantify the effect of individual flap parameters on the resulting tension distribution. Participants: Rotation flaps for reconstruction of scalp defects following melanoma resection in 2 cases are presented. Rotation flaps were designed without preoperative FE preparation. Main Outcome Measure: Tension distribution over the operated region. Results: The tension from FE shows peaks at the base and distal ends of the scalp rotation flap. The predicted geometry from the simulation aligns with postoperative photographs. Simulations exploring the flap design parameters show variation in the tension. Lower tensions were achieved when rotation was oriented with respect to skin tension lines (horizontal tissue fibers) and smaller rotation angles. Conclusions: Tension distribution following rotation of scalp flaps can be predicted through personalized FE simulations. Flaps can be designed to reduce tension using FE, which may greatly improve the reliability of scalp reconstruction in craniofacial surgery, critical in complex cases when scalp reconstruction is essential for coverage of hardware, implants, and/or bone graft.
A Fisher-eye lens on social work reform
Authors: McGrath-Brookes Michael , Hanley Joe , Higgins Martyn 
Published: September 2020

Summary Mark Fisher’s Capitalist Realism, published in 2009, has been recognised as one of the most important contributions chronicling the rise, application and consequences of neoliberalism. However, Fisher’s ideas have until now only garnered passing mention in the study of neoliberalism in children and families social work in England, despite there being extensive research, argument and publication on the subject more broadly. This article attempts to rectify this gap and apply Fisher’s theory to the recent reforms in children and families social work in England. Findings The article applies Fisher’s commentary on the co-option of language, invoking crisis, bureaucracy and proposing change to implement no change, to the reforms in children and families social work that began with the implementation of Reclaiming Social Work in 2008. Since that time, the original architects of Reclaiming Social Work have gained significant positions of power and influence and been instrumental in introducing neoliberal reforms throughout children and families social work in England. Applications Through applying the approach and concepts of Mark Fisher, this article concludes that it is possible to determine that the current reforms are, at their core, neoliberal in nature and driven by an ideological imperative to transform children and families social work in England into a neoliberal edifice, with less public sector and state input and oversight and an increase in the influence of ‘not-for-profits’, charities and international for-profit consultancies.
Untroubling children’s identity in child protection and welfare assessment through a postconventional analytic
Authors: Flynn Susan 
Published: September 2020

Summary The sustaining argument advanced in this paper is that postconventional analysis offers a constructive theoretical lens to contemplate identity in child protection and welfare assessment. Critical application of abridged postconventionalism considers how identity and biodiversity in children and young people, operating across lines of racial, disability, gender and other identity markers, can be understood during informed assessment of needs. Findings In the context of transformative postmodern influences, the intention is to provide an aid to students and practitioners who are increasingly impelled to think about traditionally biological-based identity categories, across more abstract lines of social, lingual and cultural construction. Four themes for professional development are presented. First, the complex origins of identity must be appreciated. Second, criticality and openness to the meaning of identity is preferable. Third, progress lies in courteous, sensitive and inclusive practice. Fourth, practitioners should acquire knowledge competency in identity categories. Applications Overall, acceptance of the somewhat fluid and socially contingent nature of identity, without marked rejection of its embodied aspects, can promote more sensitive and inclusive ways of working with children and young people.
Derivation and validation of a prediction rule for mortality of patients with respiratory virus-related pneumonia (RV-p score)
Authors: Chen Liang , Han Xiudi , Li YanLi , Zhang Chunxiao , Xing Xiqian 
Published: September 2020

Background: Respiratory viruses are important etiologies of community-acquired pneumonia. However, current knowledge on the prognosis of respiratory virus-related pneumonia (RV-p) is limited. Thus, here we aimed to establish a clinical predictive model for mortality of patients with RV-p. Methods: A total of 1431 laboratory-confirmed patients with RV-p, including 1169 and 262 patients from respective derivation and validation cohorts from five teaching hospitals in China were assessed between January 2010 and December 2019. A prediction rule was established on the basis of risk factors for 30-day mortality of patients with RV-p from the derivation cohort using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: The 30-day mortality of patients with RV-p was 16.8% (241/1431). The RV-p score was composed of nine predictors (including respective points of mortality risk): (a) age ⩾65 years (1 point); (b) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1 point); (c) mental confusion (1 point); (d) blood urea nitrogen (1 point); (e) cardiovascular disease (2 points); (f) smoking history (2 points); (g) arterial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspiration oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) < 250 mmHg (2 points); (h) lymphocyte counts <0.8 × 109/L (2 points); (i) arterial PH < 7.35 (3 points). A total of six points was used as the cut-off value for mortality risk stratification. Our model showed a sensitivity of 0.831 and a specificity of 0.783. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was more prominent for RV-p scoring [0.867, 95% confidence interval (CI)0.846–0.886] when compared with both pneumonia severity index risk (0.595, 95% CI 0.566–0.624, p < 0.001) and CURB-65 scoring (0.739, 95% CI 0.713–0.765, p < 0.001). Conclusion: RV-p scoring was able to provide a good predictive accuracy for 30-day mortality, which accounted for a more effective stratification of patients with RV-p into relevant risk categories and, consequently, help physicians to make more rational clinical decisions. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
A Study of Aesthetic and Functional Outcome Following Structural Fat Grafting for Facial Scars and Contour Deformity
Authors: Rao Anantheswar Y. N. , Reddy Sudarshan Nagireddy , Chandrappa Ashok Basroor , Vasudevan Srikanth , Batth Rittu 
Published: September 2020

Study Design: This is a prospective observational study of 60 consecutive cases with facial scars and contour deformity who underwent structural fat grafting. Objectives: The aim of the present article is to highlight how fat grafting helps to improve aesthetic and functional outcome in facial scars and contour deformities. It also highlights the factors that need to be considered while planning autologous fat grafting to get better aesthetic results. Methods: This is a prospective observational study of 60 consecutive cases with facial scars and contour deformity. The study was conducted from May 2014 to April 2019 in a tertiary care hospital. All the patients were followed up for a minimum period of 1 year from the date of surgery. Assessment of post-operative aesthetic outcome, in terms of satisfaction, was done using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), which ranges from 1 to 10 by the patient and operative surgeon. Results: The mean age was 30.8 9.8 years. Out of 60 patients, 20 patients underwent additional procedure like dermabrasion and collagen dressing to improve aesthetic outcome. Among 60 patients, 24 patients had transient edema and 10 patients had bruising at the recipient site. There were no major donor site complications except pain which was managed conservatively. Mean patient satisfaction score is 7 and mean surgeon satisfaction score is 7.25. Conclusion: Despite the ongoing concerns about survival and longevity of fat grafts and also unpredictability of long-term outcomes, fat grafting has become a very useful surgical tool to improve the quality of facial scars and correct contour deformity. Our series shows excellent outcome both clinically as well as from the patient satisfaction. Future research is warranted in the fields of the adipocyte derived stem cells and to expand the clinical application of fat grafting.
Integrating iPads into Team-Based Learning in the Pediatrics Clerkship: Do They Provide Any Value?
Authors: Chitkara Maribeth B , Pongvitayapanu Richard , Lu Wei-Hsin 
Published: September 2020

Background: Team-Based Learning (TBL) is an instructional strategy that embraces the concept of a flipped classroom. At our institution, the Clerkship in Pediatrics utilizes TBL sessions to deliver curricular content rather than lecture format. In 2016, matriculating medical students were given iPads for the purpose of transitioning to electronic delivery of curricular materials in the pre-clinical phase of their study. In 2017, the Clerkship in Pediatrics was tasked with investigating methods to integrate iPad use into clinical education. Activity: We employed the web-based platform Examplify to deliver test questions for TBL sessions over the span of 1 academic year (2018-2019). Curricular content was converted to Examplify for half of the TBL sessions and team performance for the sessions was compared to those administered traditionally. Students participating in the course were surveyed regarding their satisfaction with the 2 formats using a 15-item survey with a 4-point rating scale and open-ended questions. Results and discussion: Integration of technology into TBL sessions was met with mixed results. Performance on the eTBL sessions was significantly higher for 2 of the 6 sessions: the Abdominal Pain (90.2% vs 84.1%, P = .04) and the Toxicology (85.6% vs 79.4%, P = .03) sessions. A majority of students felt that the eTBL sessions facilitated multiple learning styles, promoted discussions, and nurtured different learning styles. However, students also felt that the electronic sessions were more cumbersome and difficult to navigate. Future research comparing the 2 modalities using a more comprehensive integration of media content, such as video and audio files, will further inform the success of this endeavor.
ACVR1/JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor momelotinib reverses transfusion dependency and suppresses hepcidin in myelofibrosis phase 2 trial
Authors: Oh Stephen T. , Talpaz Moshe , Gerds Aaron T. , Gupta Vikas , Verstovsek Srdan , Mesa Ruben , Miller Carole B. , Rivera Candido E. , Fleischman Angela G. , Goel Swati , Heaney Mark L. , O’Connell Casey , Arcasoy Murat O. , Zhang Yafeng , Kawashima Jun , Ganz Tomas , Kowalski Mark , Brachmann Carrie Baker 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Momelotinib (MMB) is a JAK1/2 and ACVR1 inhibitor with demonstrated clinical activity in all 3 hallmarks of myelofibrosis (MF): anemia, constitutional symptoms, and splenomegaly. In this phase 2 open-label translational biology study (NCT02515630) of 41 transfusion-dependent patients with MF, we explored mechanisms underlying the favorable activity of MMB on MF-associated iron-restricted anemia, including its impact on serum hepcidin levels, and markers of iron storage and availability, erythropoiesis, and inflammation. A transfusion-independent response (TI-R), defined as red blood cell transfusion independence (TI) ≥12 weeks at any time on study, occurred in 17 patients (41%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 26%-58%), including 14 patients (34%; 95% CI, 20%-51%) who achieved TI-R by week 24. In addition, 78% of TI nonresponse (TI-NR) patients achieved a ≥50% decrease in transfusion requirement for ≥8 weeks. Adverse events (AEs) were consistent with previous studies of MMB in MF, with cough, diarrhea, and nausea as the most common. Twenty-one patients experienced grade ≥3 AEs, most commonly anemia and neutropenia. Consistent with preclinical data, daily MMB treatment led to an acute and persistent decrease in blood hepcidin associated with increased iron availability and markers of erythropoiesis. Baseline characteristics associated with TI-R were lower inflammation and hepcidin as well as increased markers of erythropoiesis and bone marrow function. Overall, the study demonstrates that MMB treatment decreases hepcidin in conjunction with improving iron metabolism and erythropoiesis, suggesting a mechanistic explanation for the reduced transfusion dependency observed in transfusion-dependent MF patients treated with MMB, thereby addressing the key unmet medical need in the MF population.
Drag-reducing polymers improve hepatic vaso-occlusion in SCD mice
Authors: Crompton Dan , Vats Ravi , Pradhan-Sundd Tirthadipa , Sundd Prithu , Kameneva Marina V. 
Published: September 2020

Key Points
Nanomolar concentrations of drag-reducing polymer (DRP) reduce vaso-occlusion in the liver of sickle cell disease (SCD) mice. The potential for DRP as a rheology-based treatment/therapy for SCD warrants further study.
The expansion of the TRB and TRG genes in domestic goats (Capra hircus) is characteristic of the ruminant species
Authors: Giannico Francesco , Massari Serafina , Caputi Jambrenghi Anna , Soriano Adriano , Pala Angela , Linguiti Giovanna , Ciccarese Salvatrice , Antonacci Rachele 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackgroundGoats (Capra hircus), one of the first domesticated species, are economically important for milk and meat production, and their broad geographical distribution reflects their successful adaptation to diverse environmental conditions. Despite the relevance of this species, the genetic research on the goat traits is limited compared to other domestic species. Thanks to the latest goat reference genomic sequence (ARS1), which is considered to be one of the most continuous assemblies in livestock, we deduced the genomic structure of the T cell receptor beta (TRB) and gamma (TRG) loci in this ruminant species.ResultsOur analyses revealed that although the organization of the goat TRB locus is broadly similar to that of the other artiodactyl species, with three in-tandem D-J-C clusters located at the 3′ end, a complex and extensive series of duplications have occurred in theVgenes at the 5′ end, leading to a marked expansion in the number of theTRBVgenes. This phenomenon appears to be a feature of the ruminant lineage since similar gene expansions have also occurred in sheep and cattle.Likewise, the general organization of the goatTRGgenes is typical of ruminant species studied so far, with two paralogous TRG loci, TRG1 and TRG2, located in two distinct and distant positions on the same chromosome as result of a split in the ancestral locus. Each TRG locus consists of reiterated V-J-J-C cassettes, with the goat TRG2 containing an additional cassette relative to the corresponding sheep and cattle loci.ConclusionsTaken together, these findings demonstrate that strong evolutionary pressures in the ruminant lineage have selected for the development of enlarged sets ofTRBandTRGgenes that contribute to a diverse T cell receptor repertoire. However, differences observed among the goat, sheep and cattleTRBandTRGgenes indicate that distinct evolutionary histories, with independent expansions and/or contractions, have also affected each ruminant species.
Developmentally regulated activation of defense allows for rapid inhibition of infection in age-related resistance to Phytophthora capsici in cucumber fruit
Authors: Mansfeld Ben N. , Colle Marivi , Zhang Chunqiu , Lin Ying-Chen , Grumet Rebecca 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Background
Age-related resistance (ARR) is a developmentally regulated phenomenon conferring resistance to pathogens or pests. Although ARR has been observed in several host-pathogen systems, the underlying mechanisms are largely uncharacterized. In cucumber, rapidly growing fruit are highly susceptible to Phytophthora capsici but become resistant as they complete exponential growth. We previously demonstrated that ARR is associated with the fruit peel and identified gene expression and metabolomic changes potentially functioning as preformed defenses.

Results
Here, we compare the response to infection in fruit at resistant and susceptible ages using microscopy, quantitative bioassays, and weighted gene co-expression analyses. We observed strong transcriptional changes unique to resistant aged fruit 2–4 h post inoculation (hpi). Microscopy and bioassays confirmed this early response, with evidence of pathogen death and infection failure as early as 4 hpi and cessation of pathogen growth by 8–10 hpi. Expression analyses identified candidate genes involved in conferring the rapid response including those encoding transcription factors, hormone signaling pathways, and defenses such as reactive oxygen species metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.

Conclusion
The early pathogen death and rapid defense response in resistant-aged fruit provide insight into potential mechanisms for ARR, implicating both pre-formed biochemical defenses and developmentally regulated capacity for pathogen recognition as key factors shaping age-related resistance.