bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FAST DISSOLVING SUBLINGUAL PATCH OF PHENOBARBITAL SODIUM: FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION
Authors: THAYYILAKANDY SUJAID , P. S. GAYATHRI , K. K. ARJUN , KRISHNAKUMAR GAYATHRI , NAIR SREEJA C. 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To formulate and characterize. Phenobarbital sodium loaded sublingual patch using biodegradable, mucoadhesive, fast-dissolving natural polymer pullulan for immediate management of epileptic seizures.
Methods: Phenobarbital sodium loaded sublingual patches were prepared by the solvent casting method and were subjected to various physicochemical evaluation parameters to find the optimized sublingual patch. The in vitro drug release study and kinetic model of the optimized formulation was also carried out. The stability study of the optimized Phenobarbital sodium loaded sublingual patch was also done.
Results: From in vitro drug release study, it was found that Phenobarbital sodium loaded sublingual patch (S4) exhibited a maximum drug release of 96.24±1.27% at the end of 60 min compared to other formulations indicating a faster drug release from the formulation with release kinetics as Higuchi diffusion model. In fact, a notable release data was obtained between 0.5 to 8 min by all formulations, specifically S4 formulation (20.84±1.97% and 77.22±2.41% drug release at the end of 0.5 min and 8 min respectively) showed a better percentage release profile in comparison with other formulations. Such a trend is vital to deliver the drug at a faster rate to promote immediate effect for managing the fatal and complicated seizure. Considering the physicochemical property and in vitro drug release data, S4 formulation was regarded as an optimized one. The stability study also confirmed that S4 formulation is stable at refrigeration conditions.
Conclusion: The formulated Phenobarbital sodium loaded sublingual patch is an effective drug delivery carrier which enables faster drug release to manage epileptic seizure.
Person of the Issue: Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)
Authors: Ankit P. Patel  , Mr. Ansh Mehta  
Published: September 2020

Wilhelm Wundt was born August 16th 1832 in Germany. He was a psychologist, physician, physiologist, professor, and philosopher. Many historians recognize him as the founding father of psychology, for he was the first to ever to titled as a psychologist. Actually, Wilhelm set psychology apart from philosophy and biology. In 1879, Wundt founded the first laboratory of psychological research at the University of Leipzig, located in Germany. This marked psychology as an individual field of mental studies. His laboratory enabled him to explore the religious beliefs (conceptual aspect) , strange psychological behaviors, the practice of identification of mental disorders and finding damaged parts of the brain. While documenting his research, he learned that psychology was a separate science.
An Analytical Study of Attitude toward Sexual Behavior among Graduate and Post-Graduate Student
Authors: Pancholi Haresh  
Published: September 2020

In present investigation the man object was know the attitude of toward sexual behavior among graduate and post-graduate student. 2x2x2 by factorial design by the use for the data collection, the scale of Dr. yashvirsinh was translated and standardize and used total 240 was randomly and stratified collected from the science college and arts college in Bhavnagar university. Further they was stratified of the basic of graduate and post graduate and male- female. The statistical analysis the ‘F’ test for use the conclusion showed that the different of attitude toward sexual behavior was from significant between graduate and post graduate student (F=183). The different of attitude toward sexual behavior was from significant between male and female student (F=22.99). The different of attitude toward sexual behavior was found not significant between science stream and arts stream(F=1.32). The different of attitude toward sexual behavior was significant between education level and sex (1281.00). The different of attitude between sexual behavior was from significant 00.5 level between sex and stream (F=5.43). The different of attitude toward sexual behavior was found not significant between education level and stream (F=1.96). The different of attitude toward sexual behavior was found not significant between education level, gender and stream (F=1.47).
Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de tuberculose drogarresistente
Authors: Valença Ícaro Moraes de Oliveira , Lima Morgana Cristina Leôncio de , Dourado Cynthia Angélica Ramos de Oliveira , Andrade Maria Sandra , Falcão Ana Cristina Nóbrega Silva , Pereira Wânia Maria de Sá , Silva Isabelle Andrian Pereira da , Santana Alexandra Barros de , Moraes Andréa Alexandre Valença , Pinho Clarissa Mourão 
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com tuberculose drogarresistente. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo descritivo, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, o qual realizou-se por meio de notificações do Sistema de Informação de Tratamento Especiais de Tuberculose no período de 2014 a 2019. Através da busca de 60 prontuários de pacientes notificados com resistência, os quais obtiveram o término dos seus respectivos tratamentos em um hospital de referência no tratamento de tuberculose drogarresistente do estado de Pernambuco. Resultados: A amostra compôs-se por 60 pacientes, com predominância do sexo masculino e com média de idade de 45,12 anos. Desse modo, observou-se que a prevalência dos multirresistentes, resolutos a rifampicina e a isoniazida, por seguinte, deu-se como cura ao fim do tratamento. Conclusão: Verifica-se a necessidade da adoção do Tratamento Diretamente Observado e o cuidado compartilhado com Atenção Primária à Saúde com vistas ao aumento da adesão. Além disso, faz necessário o aprimoramento da vigilância epidemiológica com objetivo de obter dados mais consistentes.
A Postherpetic Isotopic Response Presenting as a Granuloma Annulare-Like Inflammatory Reaction
Authors: Heibel Haley D , Cockerell Clay J 
Published: September 2020

Isotopic response refers to the occurrence of a new, unrelated cutaneous disease occurring at the same location of a previous healed disease. The etiology of isotopic responses is still not completely understood. Theories have included that viral particles may lead to the development of the second disease, the destruction of nerve fibers by herpes zoster may lead to an indirect influence on the immune system, an alteration of microcirculation from inflammation that causes future insults to localize to the same site, and an exaggerated and atypical hypersensitivity reaction to tissue antigens, viral antigens, or immune complex deposition. A wide variety of disease processes have been reported as the second disease in an isotopic response.Here, we discuss a case of an isotopic response following herpes zoster in which the second disease involved a granuloma annulare (GA)-like inflammatory reaction that resolved and recurred. These findings support the theory that the skin affected by herpes zoster is affected in a way that makes it a focus for the manifestation of further skin diseases.
Management and Referral Patterns in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis: A Survey of Pediatric Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Bernett Courtney Nicole , Hignett Emma , Kwong Pearl 
Published: September 2020

Background: The incidence of pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) has continued to increase worldwide and pediatric healthcare providers (PHPs) are typically the initial healthcare provider tasked with management of this disease. The consequences of inadequately managed AD and misdiagnosed food allergies are devastating for patients and their families, and the financial burden associated with these scenarios can be overwhelming.
Objective: To assess the management and referral patterns of pediatric AD patients by PHPs in the Jacksonville, Florida (FL) area.
Methods: An online electronic survey was distributed to 70 PHPs using Survey Monkey©. Data was collected over a 6-week period. The survey yielded a sample size of 28.
Results: Most participants were physicians (92.8%), with an average of 21.75 years in practice. Just over half (53%) of PHPs were aware of the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) Guidelines of care for the management of AD. Dermatologists were the initial referral choice for AD management in 2/3, while 1/3 indicated preference for an allergist. Diet alteration was used by 14.3% as an initial AD management step and 35.7% tried elimination diets prior to referral to an allergist. Referral to specialists were low with 75% PHPs referring <25 % of their AD patients to dermatology.
Conclusion: With the number of outpatient AD visits increasing amongst PHPs, knowledge of management guidelines, in-depth understanding of appropriate use and limitations of elimination diets and food allergen testing, and referral to specialists suitable for management of this cutaneous disorder are imperative, but found to be highly variable.
Maskne: Exacerbation or Eruption of Acne During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gomolin Tamar A , Cline Abigail , Russo Marian 
Published: September 2020

Although the COVID-19 outbreak has decreased dermatology outpatient clinic visits, acne remains the most common condition among patients requesting an appointment. The widespread use of face masks may be a contributing factor to acne mechanica and folliculitis mechanica, where stopping the mechanical insult is essential to treatment. However, COVID-19 poses a unique challenge as mask wearing is crucial to limiting viral exposure. Although reported cases of mask-associated facial dermatoses are largely documented in healthcare workers, the general population is being affected by “maskne”. Pathogenesis and treatment options are discussed and the importance of counseling patients on proper skin hygiene is highlighted. As mask use increases, dermatologists should anticipate this trend in acne flare-ups.
Efficacy of translamina terminalis ventriculostomy tube in prevention of chronic hydrocephalus after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Elsharkawy Ahmed Abdelaziz , Abdelhameed Essam Ahmed 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Chronic shunt-dependent hydrocephalus is still a common complication after aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) and is associated with increased morbidity. Pathology of chronic shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after aSAH is complex and multifactorial which makes its prevention challenging. We thought to evaluate whether external ventricular drainage (EVD) through fenestrated lamina terminalis would decrease the rate of chronic shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after aSAH.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis of 68 consecutive patients with aSAH who underwent microsurgical clipping of the ruptured aneurysm. Patients were divided into two groups: Group A included patients with lamina terminalis fenestration without insertion of ventriculostomy tube and Group B included patients with EVD through fenestrated lamina terminalis. Demographic, clinical, radiological, and outcome variables were compared between groups.

Results:
Group A comprised 29 patients with mean age of 47.8 years and Group B comprised 39 patients with mean age of 46.6 years. Group B patients had statistically significant (P < 0.05) lower incidence of chronic shunt- dependent hydrocephalus than Group A patients (30.8% vs. 55.2%, respectively).

Conclusion:
EVD through fenestrated lamina terminalis is safe and may be effective in decreasing the incidence of chronic shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after aSAH.
Rapid high-fidelity contour shaping of titanium mesh implants for cranioplasty defects using patient-specific molds created with low-cost 3D printing: A case series
Authors: Kinsman Michael , Aljuboori Zaid , Ball Tyler , Nauta Haring , Boakye Maxwell 
Published: September 2020

Background:
Cranioplasty is a neurosurgical procedure to repair skull defects. Sometimes, the patients’ bone flap cannot be used for various reasons. Alternatives include a custom polyether ether ketone (PEEK) implant or titanium mesh; both incur an additional cost. We present a technique that uses a 3D printer to create a patient- specific 3D model used to mold a titanium mesh preoperatively.

Case Description:
We included three patients whose bone flap could not be used. We collected the patients’ demographics, cost, and time data for implants and the 3D printer. The patients’ computed tomography DICOM images were used for 3D reconstruction of the cranial defect. A 3D printer (Flashforge, CA) was used to print a custom mold of the defect, which was used to shape the titanium mesh. All patients had excellent cosmetic results with no complications. The time required to print a 3D model was ~ 6 h and 45 min for preoperative shaping of the titanium implant. The intraoperative molding (IOM) of a titanium mesh needed an average of 60 min additional operative room time which incurred $4000. The average cost for PEEK and flat titanium mesh is $12,600 and $6750. Our method resulted in $4000 and $5500 cost reduction in comparison to flat mesh with IOM and PEEK implant.

Conclusion:
3D printing technology can create a custom model to shape a titanium mesh preoperatively for cranioplasty. It can result in excellent cosmetic results and significant cost reduction in comparison to other cranioplasty options.
Determinants of discharge against medical advice from a rural neurosurgical service in a developing country: A prospective observational study
Authors: Oyemolade Toyin Ayofe , Adeleye Amos Olufemi , Ogunyileka Oluwakemi C. , Arogundade Folawemimo M. , Olusola Ayodele J. , Aribisala Oluwadamilola O. 
Published: September 2020

Background:In low-resource regions of the world, discharge against medical advice (DAMA) is one empiric contributory factor to poor in-hospital outcome that is not often mentioned. This study aims to investigate the determinants of DAMA from a rural neurosurgical service in a developing country.Methods:This was a prospective observational study of all patients who discharged against medical advice in our service between November 2018 and October 2019.Results:There were 88 patients, 67 (76.1%) males, in the study, (M:F = 3.2:1), representing 17.4% of our patient population in the study period. The peak incidence was in the 20–29 years age group which accounted for 37.5% of the cases. About 55% of the patients presented directly to our center; 31.8% were referred from other hospitals, while 3.4% came from traditional caregivers and 1.1% from religious homes. Head injury was the most common indication for presentation (76.1% of the cases). The duration of hospital stay ranged from 2 h to 14 days. Majority of the patients (87.5%) left the hospital within 8 h of presentation. The reason for DAMA was financial constraints in 50% of cases, inadequate health literacy in 20.5%, financial constraints and poor health literacy together in 12.5%, religious misgivings in 4.5%, and traditional belief in 2.3%. Neurotrauma was predictive of early DAMA (P= 0.001).Conclusion:The rate of DAMA was high in our study. Financial constraints with other socioeconomic limitations were the most common causes of DAMA in our environment.
Possibilities of using neodymium laser (Nd:YAG) in patients with concomitant diseases which are accompanied by pathological discharge from the genital tract
Authors: Pauzina Olga A. , Apolikhina Inna A. , Malyshkina Darya A. 
Published: September 2020

Background. Pathological vaginal discharge is the most common disorder in women after giving birth who have vaginal relaxation syndrome and vaginal wall prolapse, as well as in women during menopause. To date, there are no clear treatment regimens for mixed vulvovaginal infections, and the use of only drug therapy in patients with pelvic organ prolapse and genitourinary syndrome of menopause in combination with diseases which are accompanied by pathological vaginal discharge does not give a long lasting result and is characterized by frequent relapses. In this regard, the use of laser methods in combination with drug therapy may lead to the recovery of vaginal microbiocenosis and a decrease in the number of relapses of diseases which are accompanied by pathological discharge from the genital tract.
Results. Description. This article presents a clinical case and description of the experience of using a neodymium laser for the treatment of a patient with recurrent mixed vulvovaginitis, 2nd- degree vaginal wall prolapse, loss of pelvic floor muscle tone, vaginal relaxation syndrome and sexual dysfunction using neodymium laser. The woman received 3 procedures of exposure to a neodymium laser with an interval of 2830 days. After 3 procedures of exposure to a neodymium laser, the patient has a good clinical efficacy in the recovery of vaginal microbiocenosis.
Conclusions. An innovative technique of exposure to Nd:YAG neodymium laser in the practice of a gynecologist has shown high clinical efficiency in the treatment of not only pelvic floor dysfunction, but also mixed vulvovaginitis. And, despite this aspect of the use of laser technologies requires further study, we can use a neodymium laser in combination with traditional drug therapy to treat diseases which are accompanied by pathological discharge from the genital tract in cases of ineffective drug monotherapy and frequent relapses.
AGRICULTURE: PROBLEMS AND SUGGESTIONS OF SATHANKULAM TALUK - TUTICORIN DISTRICT
Authors: Esakkiammal M. 
Published: September 2020

Agriculture is one of the most important pillars of the Indian economy. The contribution of agriculture and its allied sectors to India’s GDP stood at 13.9% during 2013-14. More than half of the Indian population is dependent on agriculture for its subsistence. Since the beginning years of economic development, it has been one of the main drivers of growth of the economy as it supplies was a major source of raw materials to most of the manufacturers. This paper focuses on exploring the socio-economic status of farmer in Tuticorin District, to draw findings, suggestion and conclusion.
Period of the day and food-based enrichment affect behaviour activity of <em>Tamandua tetradactyla</em> in captivity?
Authors: Neto Gilson de Souza Ferreira , Barros Adamo Cardoso , Sobroza Tainara Venturini , Neves Pedro Ubatan Camargo , Phillips Matthew J. , Guimarães Elizabeth Ferreira 
Published: September 2020

<p>Animais resgatados passam um período em cativeiro antes de serem devolvidos a natureza. Durante esse período em cativeiro é fundamental que os animais apresentem os comportamentos mais próximos dos apresentados na natureza, e enriquecimento ambiental é uma forma de assegurar o bem estar animal em cativeiro. O objetivo deste estudo foi i) descrever o repertório comportamental de indivíduos do tamanduá-mirim (<em>Tamandua tetradactyla</em>) (Ordem Pilosa), e determinar qual comportamento foi mais frequente; ii) avaliar o efeito do período diurno (06:00–18:00) e noturno (18:00–05:59) na frequência dos comportamentos, e iii) comparar a porcentagem de comportamentos com e sem enriquecimento ambiental. Observações foram feitas utilizando o método de animal focal. Cinco machos e uma fêmea foram observados em pares para se observar as interações entre os indivíduos. Foram registrados 30 atos comportamentais distribuídos em seis categorias: locomoção, forrageio, alimentação, inatividade, limpeza corporal e interação. Geralmente, os comportamentos mais frequentemente observados foram locomoção e alimentação, geralmente durante o dia, exceto inatividade, que foi mais comum durante a noite. Esse resultado pode ser atribuído a maior atividade diurna do macho, enquanto as fêmeas são mais noturnas em cativeiro. Nossos resultados sugerem que o enriquecimento ambiental favorece maior bem-estar para os indivíduos em cativeiro através do aumento de comportamentos ativos como alimentação, interação e forrageio. Esse estudo provê uma lista de comportamentos que podem ser úteis em entender a etologia e aspectos relacionados à conservação, especialmente em cativeiro de <em>T. tetradactyla</em>.</p><p><strong>Palavras chave</strong>: Enriquecimento ambiental, tamanduá-mirim, repertório comportamental, animal focal.</p>
Сутність, зміст та оцінка ефективності управління підрозділом протиповітряної оборони Сухопутних військ та вогнем в бою
Authors: Лезік О.В. , Волков А.Ф. , Токар О.А. , Стадніченко В.Г. 
Published: September 2020

Розглядаються основні питання стосовно сутності та змісту управління, основ оцінки ефективності управління з метою вирішення певних завдань, а також можливості системи управління та визначаються основні фактори, від яких залежать можливості системи управління. Також визначений критерій ефективності та розроблені пропозиції щодо підвищення ефективності управління підрозділом ППО СВ та вогнем в бою в різних умовах обстановки. Дані положення можуть бути використані для підвищення ефективності навчання курсантів факультету та тих, що навчаються на курсах підвищення кваліфікації, вдосконалення навчального процесу підготовки спеціалістів факультету, а також якості підготовки спеціалістів за фахом.
Professional Development in training and Tutoring Have I really gained experience and skill through training and tutoring sessions? Case of: a special third year student, language sciences and didactics (SLD), Department of English, University of Bejaia
Authors: MAOUCHE-KETFI Dr. Salima 
Published: September 2020

Practitioner engagement is not an easy task in teaching in higher education. In fact, there is much evidence now to propose a strong relationship between active engagement and the quality of the teaching experience. But what exactly do we mean by ‘engagement’? For many it simply refers to assisting students to connect with the subject material in a way that generates interest, enjoyment and interaction. Generating active participation is particularly important in tutorials or small group teaching, where tutorials ‘by design’, are intended to provide students a different kind of learning experience than the lecture. It is also through active engagement that both, teachers and students take greater ownership for their teaching craft and learning process. This concept assists in the development of an overall design or structure to support such engagement and active participation. The more organized and clear the teachers and students are, the more likely it is that they will get the desired and target results. In addition to this, active engagement of teachers should be reinforced by a reflective practice which is an active process too of attending to their own experience of teaching in order to explore it in some depth. It is in fact a ‘dialogue of thinking and doing through which teachers become more skilled. This process develops by thinking critically and deeply about what teachers are doing in order that they may transform that experience and reapply it in new contexts. In many respects, Professional Development in training and tutoring has been designed to motivate reflection on one’s teaching practice and mostly where teachers have an opportunity to see others in practice. The article’s results have been derived from the interpretation of the data collected through designing an interview addressed to the only special student of the department and show the researcher’s experience as a teacher and an administrator with Abdenour, this is how I like to call him, a blind student, but his determination and willingness to succeed in his higher studies made of him a remarkable young man. Special tutoring and training sessions have been designed to enable him fully integrate the learning community. Therefore, this article has been directed to focalize on the pedagogical decisions based on implementing and considering the training and tutoring sessions as a necessity to develop first the teaching craft and then help, advise and guide our students towards more success in their studies. Is not it mentioned in the official document (Journal officiel de la République Algérienne N°23 du 4 Mai, 2008 ; articles 33,34, 35, …) « to receive the students 3 hours/week to advise and orient them »?