bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAM-Delam: an in vivo approach to visualize and quantify the delamination and invasion capacity of human cancer cells
Authors: Palaniappan Tamilarasan K. , Šlekienė Lina , Jonasson Anna-Karin , Gilthorpe Jonathan , Gunhaga Lena 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe development of metastases is the major cause of cancer related death. To develop a standardized method that define the ability of human cancer cells to degrade the basement membrane, e.g. the delamination capacity, is of importance to assess metastatic aggressiveness. We now present the in vivo CAM-Delam assay to visualize and quantify the ability of human cancer cells to delaminate and invade. The method includes seeding cancer cells on the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), followed by the evaluation of cancer-induced delamination and potential invasion within hours to a few days. By testing a range of human cancer cell lines in the CAM-Delam assay, our results show that the delamination capacity can be divided into four categories and used to quantify metastatic aggressiveness. Our results emphasize the usefulness of this assay for quantifying delamination capacity as a measurement of metastatic aggressiveness, and in unraveling the molecular mechanisms that regulate delamination, invasion, formation of micro-metastases and modulations of the tumor microenvironment. This method will be useful in both the preclinical and clinical characterization of tumor biopsies, and in the validation of compounds that may improve survival in metastatic cancer.
Cigarette type or smoking history: Which has a greater impact on the metabolic syndrome and its components?
Authors: Oh Sarah Soyeon , Jang Ji-Eun , Lee Doo-Woong , Park Eun-Cheol , Jang Sung-In 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFew studies have researched the gender-specific effects of electronic nicotine delivery systems on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and/or its risk factors (central obesity, raised triglycerides, decreased HDL cholesterol, raised blood pressure, raised fasting plasma glucose). Thus, this study investigated the association between smoking behavior (cigarette type, smoking history) and MetS in a nationally representative sample of Korean men and women. Our study employed data for 5,462 cases of MetS and 12,194 controls from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) for the years 2014 to 2017. Logistic regression analysis was employed to determine the association between type of cigarette (non-smoker, ex-smoker, and current smoker—conventional only, current smoker—conventional and electronic) and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors. Smoking history was clinically quantified by pack-year. No association between cigarette type and MetS was found for men. For women, relative to non-smokers, smokers of conventional cigarettes (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.02–3.18) and both conventional and electronic cigarettes (OR 4.02, 95% CI 1.48–10.93) had increased odds of MetS. While there was no association between smoking history and MetS for women, for men, conventional smoking history was associated with MetS for individuals with a smoking history of > 25 pack-years (> 25 to ≤ 37.5 OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.04–2.02; > 37.5 to ≤ 50 OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.08–2.18; > 50 OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.07–2.27). Sex differences were found in the association between smoking behavior and MetS. Such findings reveal sociodemographic differences that should be considered for interventions regarding conventional and/or e-cigarette users at risk of metabolic complications.
Long-term effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on ants
Authors: Schläppi Daniel , Kettler Nina , Straub Lars , Glauser Gaétan , Neumann Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe widespread prophylactic usage of neonicotinoid insecticides has a clear impact on non-target organisms. However, the possible effects of long-term exposure on soil-dwelling organisms are still poorly understood especially for social insects with long-living queens. Here, we show that effects of chronic exposure to the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam on black garden ant colonies, Lasius niger, become visible before the second overwintering. Queens and workers differed in the residue-ratio of thiamethoxam to its metabolite clothianidin, suggesting that queens may have a superior detoxification system. Even though thiamethoxam did not affect queen mortality, neonicotinoid-exposed colonies showed a reduced number of workers and larvae indicating a trade-off between detoxification and fertility. Since colony size is a key for fitness, our data suggest long-term impacts of neonicotinoids on these organisms. This should be accounted for in future environmental and ecological risk assessments of neonicotinoid applications to prevent irreparable damages to ecosystems.
Molecular design strategy of fluorogenic probes based on quantum chemical prediction of intramolecular spirocyclization
Authors: Tachibana Ryo , Kamiya Mako , Suzuki Satoshi , Morokuma Keiji , Nanjo Aika , Urano Yasuteru 
Published: June 2020

AbstractFluorogenic probes are essential tools for real-time visualization of dynamic intracellular processes in living cells, but so far, their design has been largely dependent on trial-and-error methods. Here we propose a quantum chemical calculation-based method for rational prediction of the fluorescence properties of hydroxymethyl rhodamine (HMR)-based fluorogenic probes. Our computational analysis of the intramolecular spirocyclization reaction, which switches the fluorescence properties of HMR derivatives, reveals that consideration of the explicit water molecules is essential for accurate estimation of the free energy difference between the open (fluorescent) and closed (non-fluorescent) forms. We show that this approach can predict the open-closed equilibrium (pKcyclvalues) of unknown HMR derivatives in aqueous media. We validate this pKcyclprediction methodology by designing red and yellow fluorogenic peptidase probes that are highly activated by γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, without the need for prior synthesis of multiple candidates.
Dehydration entropy drives liquid-liquid phase separation by molecular crowding
Authors: Park Sohee , Barnes Ryan , Lin Yanxian , Jeon Byoung-jin , Najafi Saeed , Delaney Kris T. , Fredrickson Glenn H. , Shea Joan-Emma , Hwang Dong Soo , Han Songi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractComplex coacervation driven liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of biopolymers has been attracting attention as a novel phase in living cells. Studies of LLPS in this context are typically of proteins harboring chemical and structural complexity, leaving unclear which properties are fundamental to complex coacervation versus protein-specific. This study focuses on the role of polyethylene glycol (PEG)—a widely used molecular crowder—in LLPS. Significantly, entropy-driven LLPS is recapitulated with charged polymers lacking hydrophobicity and sequence complexity, and its propensity dramatically enhanced by PEG. Experimental and field-theoretic simulation results are consistent with PEG driving LLPS by dehydration of polymers, and show that PEG exerts its effect without partitioning into the dense coacervate phase. It is then up to biology to impose additional variations of functional significance to the LLPS of biological systems.
A weak values approach for testing simultaneous Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen elements of reality for non-commuting observables
Authors: Calderón-Losada Omar , Moctezuma Quistian Tonatiuh T. , Cruz-Ramirez Hector , Murgueitio Ramirez Sebastián , U’Ren Alfred B. , Botero Alonso , Valencia Alejandra 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn questioning the completeness of quantum mechanics, Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) claimed that from the outcomes of local experiments performed on an entangled system, it was possible to ascribe simultaneous reality to the values of certain incompatible observables. As EPR acknowledged, the inevitable disturbance of quantum measurements prevents the precise verification of these assertions on a single system. However, the EPR elements of reality can still be tested at the ensemble level through weak measurements—which minimally disturb the measured system—by interpreting the EPR assertions as assertions about weak values that follow from the outcomes of projective measurements. Here, we report an implementation of such a test through joint weak measurements followed by post-selection on polarization-entangled photon pairs. Our results show that there is a correspondence between the obtained joint weak values and the inferred elements of reality in the polarization version of the EPR assertions.
The association between adiponectin gene rs182052 polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Li-Fang , Xu Gui-Ping , Zhao Qing , Wang Ding , Zhou Li-Jing , Sun Bin , Chen Wei-Xian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground: The evidence for an association between the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) polymorphism rs182052 and cancer risk is inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis to obtain more precise conclusions.Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched until July 11, 2019. And seven epidemiology studies were retrieved, including 4,929 cases and 5,625 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the strength of the association.Results: The meta-analysis demonstrated that rs182052 significantly increased the risk of cancer under the allele, homozygote, dominant, and recessive models, based on an overall analysis (A vs. G: OR, 1.09, 95% CI, 1.03–1.15, P=0.003; AA vs. GG: OR, 1.20, 95% CI, 1.07–1.34, P=0.002; AA+GA vs. GG: OR, 1.12, 95% CI, 1.03–1.22, P=0.010; AA vs. GA+GG: OR, 1.12, 95% CI, 1.01–1.23, P=0.025). In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, rs182052 significantly increased the cancer risk in both Asian and Caucasian populations under one or several genetic models. In the stratified analysis by cancer type, rs182052 significantly increased the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) under the five models.Conclusions: Meta-analysis based on present studies suggests that rs182052 can increase the cancer risk.
RASA1 inhibits the progression of renal cell carcinoma by decreasing the expression of miR-223-3p and promoting the expression of FBXW7
Authors: Zhang Rui-Li , Aimudula Ainiwaer , Dai Jiang-Hong , Bao Yong-Xing 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
RAS p21 protein activator 1 (RASA1), also known as p120-RasGAP, is a RasGAP protein that functions as a signaling scaffold protein, regulating pivotal signal cascades. However, its biological mechanism in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unknown. In the present study, RASA1, F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 (FBXW7), and miR-223-3p expression were assessed via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Then, the targeted correlations of miR-223-3p with FBXW7 and RASA1 were verified via a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. CCK-8, flow cytometry, and Transwell assays were implemented independently to explore the impact of RASA1 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and cell cycle progression. Finally, the influence of RASA1 on tumor formation in RCC was assessed in vivo through the analysis of tumor growth in nude mice. Results showed that FBXW7 and RASA1 expression were decreased in RCC tissues and cell lines, while miR-223-3p was expressed at a higher level. Additionally, FBXW7 and RASA1 inhibited cell proliferation but facilitated the population of RCC cells in the G0/G1 phase. Altogether, RASA1 may play a key role in the progression of RCC by decreasing miR-223-3p and subsequently increasing FBXW7 expression.
Seeds of Life in Space (SOLIS)
Authors: De Simone M. , Codella C. , Ceccarelli C. , López-Sepulcre A. , Witzel A. , Neri R. , Balucani N. , Caselli P. , Favre C. , Fontani F. , Lefloch B. , Ospina-Zamudio J. , Pineda J. E. , Taquet V. 
Published: June 2020

Context.The interstellar complex organic molecules (iCOMs) are C-bearing molecules containing at least six atoms; two main proposals for their formation are suggested: a direct formation in the icy mantle of the dust grains and formation through the reaction in gas phase of released grain mantle species. The shocked gas along outflows driven by low-mass protostars is a unique environment to study how the iCOMs can be formed as the composition of the dust mantles is sputtered into the gas phase.Aims.The chemical richness in shocked material associated with low-mass protostellar outflows has been so far studied in the prototypical L1157 blue-shifted outflow to investigate the iCOM formation routes. To understand whether the case of L1157-B1 is unique, we imaged and studied the IRAS 4A outflows in the NGC 1333 star forming region.Methods.We used the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array interferometer as part of the IRAM Seeds Of Life in Space (SOLIS) Large Program to image the large-scale bipolar outflows driven by the IRAS 4A system in the 3 mm band, and we compared the observation with the GRAINOBLE+ astrochemical model.Results.We report the first detection, in the IRAS 4A outflows, of several iCOMs: six lines of methanol (CH3OH), eight of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), one of formamide (NH2CHO), and four of dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3), all sampling upper excitation energy up to ~30 K. We found a significant chemical differentiation between the southeast outflow driven by the IRAS 4A1 protostar, showing a richer molecular content, and the north–southwest one driven by the IRAS 4A2 hot corino. The CH3OH/CH3CHO abundance ratio is lower by a factor of ~4 in the former; furthermore, the ratio in the IRAS 4A outflows is lower by a factor of ~10 with respect to the values found in different hot corinos.Conclusions.After L1157-B1, the IRAS 4A outflow is now the second outflow to show an evident chemical complexity. Given that CH3OH is a grain surface species, the astrochemical gas-phase model run with GRAINOBLE+ reproduced our observation assuming that acetaldehyde is formed mainly through the gas-phase reaction of the ethyl radical (CH3CH2) and atomic oxygen. Furthermore, the chemical differentiation between the two outflows suggests that the IRAS 4A1 outflow is likely younger than that of the IRAS 4A2. Further investigation is needed to constrain the age of the outflow. In addition, observation of even younger shocks are necessary. In order to provide strong constraints on the CH3CHO formation mechanisms it would be interesting to observe CH3CH2, but given that its frequencies are not known, future spectroscopic studies on this species are needed.
Submillimeter-wave spectroscopy and the radio-astronomical investigation of propynethial (HC≡CCHS)
Authors: Margulès L. , McGuire B. A. , Evans C. J. , Motiyenko R. A. , Remijan A. , Guillemin J. C. , Wong A. , McNaughton D. 
Published: June 2020

Context. The majority of sulfur-containing molecules detected in the interstellar medium (ISM) are analogs of oxygen-containing compounds. Propynal was detected in the ISM in 1988, hence propynethial, its sulfur derivative, is a good target for an ISM search.
Aims. Our aim is to measure the rotational spectrum of propynethial and use those measurements to search for this species in the ISM. To date, measurements of the rotational spectra of propynethial have been limited to a small number or transitions below 52 GHz. The extrapolation of the prediction to lines in the milimeter-wave domain is inaccurate and does not provide data to permit an unambiguous detection.
Methods. The rotational spectrum was re-investigated up to 630 GHz. Using the new prediction lines of propynethial, as well as the related propynal, a variety of astronomical sources were searched, including star-forming regions and dark clouds.
Conclusions. A total of 3288 transitions were newly assigned and fit together with those from previous studies, reaching quantum numbers up to J = 107 and Ka = 24. Watson’s symmetric top Hamiltonian in the Ir representation was used for the analysis, because the molecule is very close to the prolate limit. The search for propynethial resulted in a non-detection; upper limits to the column density were derived in each source.
Desinfektion, Waschen, Kleben: Vermeiden von Infektionen auf der Intensivstation
Authors: Steiner Jochen 
Published: June 2020

ZusammenfassungVon den 400 000 – 600 000 Patienten mit nosokomialen Infektionen pro Jahr in Deutschland versterben ca. 10 000 – 15 000 an deren Folgen. Vermutlich 20 – 30% der nosokomialen Infektionen wären durch gezielte Maßnahmen vermeidbar 1. Dies zeigt, wie dringend erforderlich hygienisch einwandfreies Arbeiten auf der Intensivstation ist. Dieser Beitrag zeigt die wichtigsten Maßnahmen zur Vermeidung nosokomialer Infektionen auf.
Stratifizierung des Brustkrebsrisikos hinsichtlich der Einflüsse von Alter und mammografischer Dichte
Authors: Weigel Stefanie , Heindel Walter , Dietz Caroline , Meyer-Johann Ulrike , Graewingholt Axel , Hense Hans Werner 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Analyse des Einflusses der singulären Risikofaktoren Lebensalter und Brustdichte auf die 2-Jahres-Inzidenz des Mammakarzinoms unter Teilnehmerinnen am deutschen Mammografie-Screening-Programm.
Material und Methode Die multizentrische Studie umfasst 111 456 digitale mammografische Folgerunden-Untersuchungen aus 4 Screening-Einheiten mit prospektiver visueller Kategorisierung der Brustdichte. Basierend auf der Detektion im Screening und im 2-Jahres-Intervall nach negativer Screening-Teilnahme (Intervallkarzinome) wurden 2-Jahres-Brustkrebsinzidenzen (2-JBI) (‰) in den 5-Jahres-Altersgruppen (5-JAG) der Zielgruppe 50–69 Jahre und in den Dichtekategorien ACR 1–4 berechnet. Multivariate statistische Auswertungen erfolgten mit logistischen Regressionsmodellen.
Ergebnisse Mit steigender 5-JAG stieg die 2-JBI von 5,0 ‰, 6,7 ‰ und 8,5 ‰ auf 9,7 ‰ und unterschied sich unter den 55–59-, 60–64- und 65–69-jährigen Frauen signifikant von der jüngsten Referenzgruppe 50–54 Jahre (Odds-Ratio (OR): 1,34, 1,68 bzw. 1,93; p < 0,0001). Mit Anstieg der ACR-Kategorien 1–4 nahm die 2 JBI von 2,6 ‰, auf 5,8 ‰, 9,6 ‰ und 9,7 ‰ zu. Die 2-JBI unterschied sich in ACR 2, 3 und 4 signifikant von der Referenzgruppe ACR 1 (OR: 2,17, 3,65 bzw. 3,76; p < 0,0001). Nur innerhalb der beiden Hauptgruppen ACR 2 (Häufigkeit 44,3 %) und ACR 3 (44,7 %) zeigte sich ein signifikanter Anstieg der 2-JBI über die 5-JAG (ACR 2: 3,7 ‰–8,9 ‰; ACR 3: 5,8 ‰–11,7 ‰; p < 0,001). 2-JBI lagen über dem Median von 7,5 ‰ bei Frauen mit ACR 2 und Alter 65–69 Jahre sowie bei ACR 3 und ACR 4 im Alter 55–69 Jahre. 2-JBI unter dem Median hatten Frauen zwischen 50–54 Jahren, unabhängig von der Brustdichte, sowie Frauen der Kategorie ACR 1 in allen Altersgruppen.
Schlussfolgerung Innerhalb der Hauptkategorien ACR 2 und ACR 3 (fast 90 % der Teilnehmerinnen) steigen die Inzidenzen mit zunehmendem Alter bis zu einer Verdopplung. Eine konsistent niedrige Inzidenz findet sich unabhängig von der Brustdichte bei jungem Screening-Alter und bei Frauen mit geringster Brustdichte.
Public Reporting über stationäre Pflegeeinrichtungen
in Deutschland: Eine Bestandsaufnahme und Bewertung der
Qualitätsinformationen
Authors: Kast Kristina , Emmert Martin , Maier Claudia Bettina 
Published: June 2020

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzungen Es liegen bislang wenige Erkenntnisse über Public
Reporting für den stationären Pflegesektor vor. Daher werden im
Rahmen dieser Arbeit (1) Webseiten identifiziert, die in Deutschland für
die Pflegeheimsuche zur Verfügung stehen, (2) diese im Hinblick auf die
allgemeinen Informationen und den Funktionsumfang systematisch beschrieben, (3)
die zur Verfügung stehenden Qualitätsinformationen erfasst und
(4) untersucht, in wie weit sie einen Nutzen für Betroffene darstellen
können.
Methodik 1) Systematische Internetrecherche zur Identifikation potenziell
in Frage kommender Webseiten. 2) Analyse der Webseiten hinsichtlich Ein- und
Ausschlusskriterien. 3) Datenerhebung auf den eingeschlossenen Webseiten. 4)
Beschreibung des allgemeinen Inhalts und des Funktionsumfangs der Webseiten. 5)
Erhebung qualitätsbezogener Informationen über
Pflegeeinrichtungen (Struktur-, Prozess- und Ergebnisqualität, Kosten,
Prüfergebnisse, Nutzerfeedback). 6) Evaluierung des Nutzens der
Webseiten durch die Analyse der Qualitätsinformationen mittels Anwendung
eines Kriterienkatalogs.
Ergebnisse 24 Webseiten ermöglichen derzeit eine Suche nach
Pflegeeinrichtungen. Einen direkten Onlinevergleich von Einrichtungen erlauben 4
Webseiten und eine Onlinebewertung ist auf 17% möglich. Alle
Webseiten weisen Informationen zur Strukturqualität auf, keine jedoch
zur pflegerischen Ergebnisqualität. Webseitenübergreifend
beträgt der relative Informationsnutzen 19%. Umfassende
Informationen gibt es insbesondere im Bereich Lage und Erreichbarkeit
(79%), während der Bereich Pflege mit 9% nur schwach
thematisiert wird.
Schlussfolgerung Es existieren zahlreiche Webseiten für die Suche
nach Pflegeeinrichtungen. Sie weisen eine Bandbreite an heterogenen Funktionen
und Informationen auf. Mehr Webseiten sollten einen direkten Onlinevergleich der
Einrichtungen anbieten. In Bezug auf den Informationsnutzen scheinen die
Nutzerpräferenzen aktuell noch nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt
zu sein. Weitere Forschungsarbeiten könnten darauf abzielen, den Nutzen
der Ergebnisqualität begleitend zu evaluieren und die Aussagekraft des
Nutzerfeedbacks zu analysieren.
Therapie von kardiovaskulären Begleiterkrankungen bei Diabetes im Alter
Authors: Bahrmann Philipp 
Published: June 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGViele kardiologische Erkrankungen sind altersassoziiert, das heißt, ihre Inzidenz und Prävalenz nimmt mit dem Alter zu. Neben den allgemeinen Grundlagen der kardiologischen Behandlung gibt es bei hochbetagten Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus klinische und therapeutische Besonderheiten, die im vorliegenden Artikel anhand der für die Altersmedizin besonders relevanten Krankheitsbilder – koronare Herzerkrankung (KHK) mit akutem Koronarsyndrom (ACS), arterielle Hypertonie und Vorhofflimmern (AF) – dargestellt werden sollen.
Insulintherapie bei älteren Menschen mit Typ-1- und Typ-2-Diabetes
Authors: Wernecke Jürgen 
Published: June 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei Typ-2-Diabetes ist Insulin noch immer eines der wichtigsten Antidiabetika, bei Typ-1-Diabetes ist es das einzige Antidiabetikum. Die Lebenserwartung bei Diabetes mellitus ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten kontinuierlich gestiegen und ältere Menschen mit Diabetes stellen die größte Patientengruppe dar. Damit zeigen aber auch viele Patienten ausgeprägte Funktionsdefizite, welche die Insulintherapie erheblich beeinträchtigen können. Für eine realistische Therapiezielentscheidung müssen daher neben den klassischen Begleiterkrankungen und der Lebenserwartung auch die Gesundheitskompetenz der Patienten und deren Funktionseinschränkungen im Sinne der sogenannten geriatrischen Syndrome berücksichtigt werden. Insbesondere beim Übergang von der Insulin-Selbsttherapie zur Übernahme durch externe Hilfe ist diese Einschätzung eine wichtige Entscheidungsgrundlage. Aufgrund der häufigen Defizite sollten nicht nur die professionelle Pflege, sondern auch pflegende Angehörige zur Insulintherapie im Alter geschult werden. Nur so lässt sich Lebensqualität auch für ältere Menschen mit Diabetes und Insulintherapie steigern, erhalten oder ein Abbau möglichst verlangsamen.