bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Optimization of Bi NPs Decorated Bi2WO6/MIL‐53(Fe) Heterojunction with Enhanced Visible Light Photocatalytic Response
Authors: Sofi Feroz Ahmad , Ahmad Jahangir , Majid Kowsar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBi NPs supported Metal‐Organic Framework MIL‐53(Fe) was developed by hydrothermal method. The as synthesized catalyst exhibits efficient visible light response towards the removal of organic pollutants. Studies based on the changing ratios of “Bi” NPs were also investigated and optimized. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM and DRS. Among the synthesized photocatalysts ternary Bi/Bi2WO6/MIL‐53 heterojunction exhibits the best catalytic response towards the degradation of Rhodamine B. The superior photocatalytic response of ternary phase is attributed to the Plasmonic resonance effect of Bi NPs and the synergism between the MIL‐53 and Bi2WO6. Moreover, the photocatalyst also shows excellent stability after cyclic runs. The scavenging experiments reveal that the .−O2 and h+ are the main species involved in the photocatalytic oxidation and reduction process. Based on these results mechanism with involvement of Plasmonic effect was proposed.
Managing the social aspects of software development ecosystems: An industrial case study on personality
Authors: Akarsu Zulal , Yilmaz Murat 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe social aspects of software development encompass concerns such as motivating practitioners, building effective teams, and developing personal relations. Not surprisingly, perhaps, many software projects fail due to personality conflicts within team members. This study investigates the personality traits of 132 software practitioners by employing a tailored interactive assessment that was specifically developed for software development organizations. To assess the personality characteristics of the software teams as a whole, the results of 20 project teams were visualized by using personality–team radar charts. The validity part of the study was performed through validation interviews with experts from the field, discussing their experiences using the interactive assessment. The findings of this investigation complement those of earlier studies that suggest that productive team members who were working on social isolation showed higher introversion. In particular, this study strengthens the idea that agreeableness was observed in agile teams. Ultimately, the present data also highlight the existence of conscientiousness personalities in agile software development.
An experimental study to evaluate the postfire mechanical properties of concrete specimens
Authors: Saedi Daryan Amir , Bakhtiari Mehran , Ghasemi Pouya 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this research, the mechanical behavior of structural concrete made with materials in Iran has been experimentally investigated after experiencing high temperatures. For this purpose, six different mix designs were selected in accordance with Iranian Concrete Standard (ABA). Six different target temperatures (25, 100, 250, 500, 700, and 900°C) were also selected for the purpose of fire experience. Compressive and tensile strength tests were carried out on all of the samples and their behavior was evaluated after experiencing different target temperatures. The results show a strong drop in compressive and tensile strength at temperatures above 700°C. It can be noted that at 900°C all specimens lost their strength. Finally, thanks to the large number of experiments, different relationships are presented based on the results to determine the mechanical properties of different mix designs at different temperature levels.
Exposure to silver nanoparticles induces immunological dysfunction in pregnant mice
Authors: Chen Ling , Wu Haifang , Le Lulu , Yang Pengfei , Fu Fen , Liu Wenting , Xu Hengyi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe adverse outcomes of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on pregnancy have been studied in murine animals. However, the potential toxicity of AgNPs to immune balance, which is essential for maintaining a normal pregnancy, still requires further exploration. Therefore, this study assessed the effect of AgNPs on the immune balance during gestation time. Pregnant mice were given a dose of 1 mg/kg of AgNPs and silver ion on gestation days 3.5 to 9.5 by tail vein injection. Results showed that the AgNPs and silver ion decreased the number of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells which were the important cells in the immune system, thereby disrupting the balance of normal immune tolerance function, activated the inflammatory responses, together with the reductive production of placental immunoregulatory genes, and the expression of inflammatory factors in the placenta in the Ag‐treated groups increased. These effects increased the absorption rate. Furthermore, the inflammatory signaling pathway p38MAPK/AP‐1/MMP‐9 in the placenta was activated, indicating that Ag induced inflammation through this signaling pathway. All results indicated that undesirable pregnancy outcome caused by AgNPs could be happened by stimulating immunological dysfunction. Therefore, the potential risks to embryogenesis exposure to AgNPs that caused immune imbalance should be given sufficient attention.
STED Nanoscopy
Authors: Egner Alexander , Geisler Claudia , Siegmund René 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter provides an introduction to the fundamentals of STED nanoscopy. The first section starts with a discussion of the field and intensity distribution in the vicinity of the geometric focus by means of vectorial diffraction theory. In a next step, we introduce the fluorescence microscope, deduce the formulas for the classical resolution limit for incoherent image formation and discuss the implications for confocal fluorescence microscopy. In the second section, the principle underlying STED nanoscopy is introduced and the fundamentals necessary for its further understanding are discussed. First, we cover the basic photophysical interactions between fluorophores and the excitation and STED light. On this basis, we derive boundary conditions for the light sources to be used. We then discuss the dependence of fluorescence suppression on the relevant photophysical and experimental parameters. Finally, we explain the mode of operation of the phase patterns used for shaping the STED beam and discuss the achievable resolution. Lastly, we show in the third section examples of applying STED microscopy to cell imaging.
Constrained Reconstructions in X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging: Uniqueness, Stability and Algorithms
Authors: Maretzke Simon , Hohage Thorsten 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter considers the inverse problem of X-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI), as introduced in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-34413-9_2. It is analyzed how physical a priori knowledge, e.g. of the approximate size of the imaged sample (support knowledge), affects the inverse problem: uniqueness and—for a linearized model—even well-posedness are shown to hold under support constraints, ensuring stability of reconstruction from real-world noisy data. In order to exploit these theoretical insights, regularized Newton methods are proposed as a class of reconstruction algorithms that flexibly incorporate constraints and account for the inherent nonlinearity of XPCI. A Kaczmarz-type variant of the approach is considered for 3D image-recovery in tomographic XPCI, which remains applicable for large-scale data. The relevance of constraints and the capabilities of the proposed algorithms are demonstrated by numerical reconstruction examples.
Laboratory-Scale Soft X-ray Source for Microscopy and Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Müller Matthias , Mann Klaus 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSoft X-ray microscopy and absorption spectroscopy are extremely useful tools for high-resolution imaging and chemical analysis of samples in various scientific fields. However, due to the required high photon flux of soft X-ray radiation, up to now, both methods are almost exclusively performed at synchrotron sources. Thus, great efforts have been made to develop table-top sources emitting in the soft X-ray spectral range ($$\lambda =$$

λ
=

1–5 nm). Here, the development of a laser-produced plasma source from a pulsed gas jet is presented, enabling the construction of an almost debris-free, compact and long-term stable X-ray source. Based on this source a compact soft X-ray microscope (spatial resolution 50 nm) operating at a wavelength of $$\lambda = 2.88$$

λ
=
2.88

nm was built and applied for imaging of various test and biological objects. In addition, a laboratory-scale NEXAFS spectrometer has been established, allowing for reliable analysis of different absorption edges at photon energies between 250 and 1250 eV.
Metal-Induced Energy Transfer Imaging
Authors: Chizhik Alexey I. , Enderlein Jörg 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSuper-resolution microscopy has seen a tremendous development over the last two decades. It has opened new perspectives for the application of fluorescence microscopy in the life sciences. Achieving a spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limit of light allowed one to observe many biological structures that are not resolvable in conventional fluorescence microscopy. However, despite recent development of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy techniques that allowed for squeezing the lateral resolution down to tens of nanometers, the much less axial resolution remains a key limiting factor for applications where z-sectioning of a sample is needed. In this chapter, we present the recently developed fluorescence imaging method that is called metal-induced energy transfer. It combines unprecedented nanometer resolution with technical simplicity that allows life science researchers to use it with standard microscopes. We discuss basic principle of the method, its theoretical background, and its applications for imaging of various sub-cellular structures.
History in the Now: Asserting Indigenous Difference in “Top End” Higher Education Using Culturally Responsive Pedagogy
Authors: Willsher Michele , Oldfield Janine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractRecent changes to curriculum and course design by schools and universities signal their agreement that the teaching of intercultural communication skills and cultural competencies is vital for a sustainable world future. The importance of being culturally competent has reached an international status, with the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) including cultural competence in their Programme for International Student
Reflecting on a Way of Being: Anchor Principles of Cultural Competence
Authors: Russell Gabrielle 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA critical self-reflective practice is essential to cultural competence development. Importantly, critical self-reflection must facilitate intimate knowledge about who you are and how you are positioned in the world, and the consequences of that positioning. Within institutional settings, each of us, as employees, is inevitably bounded by the policies, structures and values of the institution. However, our individual identities, socialisation and worldviews will inform how we interpret those institutional boundaries, and how we embody and perform our personal values and boundaries.
Racism a Social Determinant of Indigenous Health: Yarning About Cultural Safety and Cultural Competence Strategies to Improve Indigenous Health
Authors: Sherwood Juanita , Mohamed Janine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis chapter includes a record of the opening session of the first National Centre for Cultural Competence (NCCC) conference held in Australia in 2018 and is a yarn between the two of us. We are both Aboriginal women with qualifications in nursing and are members of Congress of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Nurses and Midwives (CATSINaM).
The association between informal caregiving and behavioral risk factors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gottschalk Sophie , König Hans-Helmut , Brettschneider Christian 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to compare informal caregivers/dementia caregivers to non-caregivers regarding alcohol consumption, smoking behavior, obesity, and insufficient physical activity and to identify caregiving-related factors (caregiving intensity, length of caregiving, relationship to the care recipient, and type of caregiving task) which are associated with behavioral risk factors in caregivers/dementia caregivers.

Methods
Using cross-sectional data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we performed the statistical analyses applying logistic regression models and accounted for confounding using the entropy balancing approach.

Results
For caregivers (n = 12,044), the odds of overweight/obesity and smoking were higher (OR = 1.14/1.34, p < 0.05) and the odds of binge drinking and insufficient physical activity were lower (OR = 0.86/0.83, p < 0.05) than for non-caregivers (n = 45,925). For dementia caregivers, results point in the same direction. Caregiving-related variables tend to influence the likelihood of behavioral risk factors, but depending on the kind of factor considered, in different directions.

Conclusions
Being a caregiver is associated with risky and health-promoting behavior. However, the effects are relatively low. Future studies should study potential pathways between caregiving characteristics, psychological impacts of caregiving, health behavior, and mental or physical health.
Efficient Estimation for Varying-Coefficient Mixed Effects Models with Functional Response Data
Authors: Cai Xiong , Xue Liugen , Pu Xiaolong , Yan Xingyu 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn this article, we focus on the estimation of varying-coefficient mixed effects models for longitudinal and sparse functional response data, by using the generalized least squares method coupling a modified local kernel smoothing technique. This approach provides a useful framework that simultaneously takes into account the within-subject covariance and all observation information in the estimation to improve efficiency. We establish both uniform consistency and pointwise asymptotic normality for the proposed estimators of varying-coefficient functions. Numerical studies are carried out to illustrate the finite sample performance of the proposed procedure. An application to the white matter tract dataset obtained from Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study is also provided.
Monocrotaline-induced liver toxicity in rat predicted by a combined in vitro physiologically based kinetic modeling approach
Authors: Suparmi Suparmi , Wesseling Sebastiaan , Rietjens Ivonne M. C. M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to use an in vitro–in silico approach to predict the in vivo acute liver toxicity of monocrotaline and to characterize the influence of its metabolism on its relative toxic potency compared to lasiocarpine and riddelliine. In the absence of data on acute liver toxicity of monocrotaline upon oral exposure, the predicted dose–response curve for acute liver toxicity in rats and the resulting benchmark dose lower and upper confidence limits for 10% effect (BMDL10 and BMDU10) were compared to data obtained in studies with intraperitoneal or subcutaneous dosing regimens. This indicated the predicted BMDL10 value to be in line with the no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAELs) derived from availabe in vivo studies. The predicted BMDL10–BMDU10 of 1.1–4.9 mg/kg bw/day also matched the oral dose range of 1–3 mg PA/kg bw/day at which adverse effects in human are reported. A comparison to the oral toxicity of the related pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) lasiocarpine and riddelliine revealed that, although in the rat hepatocytes monocrotaline was less toxic than lasiocarpine and riddelliine, due to its relatively inefficient clearance, its in vivo acute liver toxicity was predicted to be comparable. It is concluded that the combined in vitro-PBK modeling approach can provide insight in monocrotaline-induced acute liver toxicity in rats, thereby filling existing gaps in the database on PA toxicity. Furthermore, the results reveal that the kinetic and metabolic properties of PAs can vary substantially and should be taken into account when considering differences in relative potency between different PAs.
“Black bone”: the new backbone in CAD/CAM-assisted craniosynostosis surgery?
Authors: Lethaus Bernd , Gruichev Dimitar , Gräfe Daniel , Bartella Alexander K. , Hahnel Sebastian , Yovev Tsanko , Pausch Niels Christian , Krause Matthias 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Computer-assisted design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques have been implemented in craniosynostosis surgery to facilitate cranial remodeling. However, until now, computed tomography (CT) scans with ionizing radiation were necessary to plan the procedure and create guiding templates. The purpose of this study was to present our series using CAD/CAM techniques in planning and conducting fronto-orbital advancement surgery in patients with trigonocephaly with datasets acquired only by “black bone” magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods
Six consecutively operated cases from 2019 were included in this study. All patients suffered from non-syndromic trigonocephaly with no primary surgeries. All patients underwent cranial MRI including black bone sequences. Preoperative planning and guides were created based on the DICOM datasets. We analyzed demographic data, clinical data, and outcome measured by Whitaker score.

Results
In all cases, precise frontobasal advancement was possible with the CAD/CAM guides created by black bone MRI. The mean operation time and planning time were 222 and 32 min. The time on intensive and intermediate care unit (ICU/IMC) time was 4.5 days, respectively. All but one case were classified as Whitaker I.

Conclusion
In trigonocephaly treatment by frontobasal advancement, black bone MRI-based CAD/CAM craniosynostosis surgery is safe and feasible. It offers the major advantage of completely avoiding CT scans and ionizing radiation with superior imaging quality of intracranial structures. Thus, it improves intraoperative safety and—at the same time—has the potential to reduce operating room (OR) time.
A multicenter retrospective study of nivolumab monotherapy in previously treated metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients: interim analysis of Japanese real-world data
Authors: Hinata Nobuyuki , Yonese Junji , Masui Satoru , Nakai Yasutomo , Shirotake Suguru , Tatsugami Katsunori , Inamoto Teruo , Nozawa Masahiro , Ueda Kosuke , Etsunaga Toru , Osawa Takahiro , Uemura Motohide , Kimura Go , Numakura Kazuyuki , Yamana Kazutoshi , Miyake Hideaki , Fukasawa Satoshi , Ochi Kenya , Kaneko Hirokazu , Uemura Hirotsugu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
In a phase III clinical trial, CheckMate 025, treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) with nivolumab demonstrated superior efficacy over everolimus. However, as the clinical trial excluded patients with specific complications and poor performance status (PS), the effectiveness and safety of nivolumab in clinical practice, in which patients with various clinical complications are treated, is unclear. This study explored real-world nivolumab treatment in Japanese mRCC patients.

Methods
This is an interim analysis of a multicenter, non-interventional, medical record review study (minimum follow-up: 9 months). All eligible Japanese mRCC patients who first received nivolumab between February and October 2017 were included; data cut-off was April 2019. We analyzed nivolumab treatment patterns, efficacy (including overall survival, progression-free survival, objective response rate, and duration of response) and safety (including immune-related adverse events).

Results
Of 208 evaluable patients, 31.7% received nivolumab as fourth- or later line of treatment. At data cut-off, 26.9% of patients were continuing nivolumab treatment. The major reason for discontinuation was disease progression (n = 100, 65.8%). Median overall survival was not reached; the 12-month survival rate was 75.6%. Median progression-free survival was 7.1 months, the objective response rate was 22.6%, and median duration of response was 13.3 months. Patients who were excluded or limited in number in CheckMate 025, such as those with non-clear cell RCC or poor PS, also received benefits from nivolumab treatment. Immune-related adverse events occurred in 27.4% of patients (grade ≥ 3, 10.1%).

Conclusion
Nivolumab was effective and well-tolerated in real-world Japanese mRCC patients.

Trial registration
UMIN000033312
Consistent Flow Structure Evolution in Accelerating Flow Through Hexagonal Sphere Pack
Authors: Sakai Yoshiyuki , Manhart Michael 
Published: June 2020

AbstractDirect numerical simulation based on incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with an immersed boundary method is used to simulate accelerating porous media flow through a bed of uniform spheres arranged in hexagonal close packing order. The transient flow is realised by driving initially resting fluid by a constant pressure gradient. A wide spectrum of Reynolds number based on the sphere diameter and volume-averaged velocity is considered, which ranges from creeping flow up to a Reynolds number of approximately 350, where turbulent flow structures are evident inside the pores. It is found that nonlinear dependence of the volume-averaged velocity with respect to the applied pressure gradient is the consequence of emergence of streamwise jets and the accompanying streamwise vortices, as previously observed for other sphere pack arrangements. Furthermore, two distinct flow modes are identified in the steady flow regime which satisfy full geometric symmetries. The flow then becomes unsteady around Reynolds number of 90 which coincides with a partial breaking of the symmetries, and pore-scale turbulence emerges once all the symmetries vanish when Reynolds number is larger than 200. For all the considered unsteady flow, independent of being turbulent or not, we observe a consistent sequence of flow structure evolution during the flow development with progressively broken symmetries albeit at widely varying instantaneous Reynolds numbers. Moreover, we show that the symmetry breaking takes place in larger pore spaces first, then propagate into smaller pores located in downstream.
Influence of pulp characteristics on the properties of alkali cellulose
Authors: Fechter Catharina , Fischer Steffen , Reimann Felix , Brelid Harald , Heinze Thomas 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAlkali extraction of cellulose material is a common treatment for several industrial processes—especially the viscose process, which produces fibers for textile applications. This study investigated different generic dissolving wood pulps by means of alkali extraction (10–18 wt% aq. NaOH at 20–50 °C). The regenerated residue of the pulps was characterized for its chemical composition, molecular structure, and cellulose conformation. The investigated pulps had in common that glucan was most intensely extracted at low temperature and low concentration of aqueous alkali, xylan was most intensely extracted at high temperature and high concentration of aqueous alkali, and mannan was most intensely extracted at a concentration of aqueous alkali > 14 wtwt% at all temperatures applied. The degree of transformation via alkali cellulose to cellulose II as determined with Raman spectroscopy was found to be maximized for all pulps at high alkali concentration and temperature had no major influence. Maximum yield for all investigated pulps was found when extraction was done with 18 wt% aq. NaOH. The importance of temperature differed for the investigated pulps. The reason for the differences in extraction behavior or different absolute levels of resulting properties was found to be related to differences in the homogeneity and purity of the pulps. A conclusion of interest for industrial applications was that extracting the pulps with 18 wt% aq. NaOH led to an optimal alkalization result for yield, purity, and conversion. The steeping temperature chosen was found to be important to balance the yield and the purity of xylan-containing pulps.Graphic abstract