bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive Modeling of Individual Human Cognition: Upper Bounds and a New Perspective on Performance
Authors: Riesterer Nicolas , Brand Daniel , Ragni Marco 
Published: May 2020

AbstractModel evaluation is commonly performed by relying on aggregated data as well as relative metrics for model comparison and selection. In light of recent criticism about the prevailing perspectives on cognitive modeling, we investigate models for human syllogistic reasoning in terms of predictive accuracy on individual responses. By contrasting cognitive models with statistical baselines such as random guessing or the most frequently selected response option as well as data‐driven neural networks, we obtain information about the progress cognitive modeling could achieve for syllogistic reasoning to date, its remaining potential, and upper bounds of performance future models should strive to exceed. The methods presented in this article are not restricted to the domains of reasoning but generalize to other fields of behavioral research and can serve as useful additions to the modern modeler's toolbox.
Efficacy of early antiretroviral therapy 36 hours after HIV infection in one blood donor
Authors: Wang Lilin , Hong Wenxu , Zhu Weigang , Lu Liang , Yang Zhengrong , Zhao Fang , Xu Xiaoxuan , Xiong Wen , Wang Lunan , Zeng Jinfeng 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUNDDiscrepancies can occur with the use of clinical human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnostic reagents for the HIV window period (WP; time from RNA to antibody detection by diagnostic or blood screening assays). Antiretroviral therapy (ART) during acute HIV infection can impact HIV‐specific antibodies, antigens, and DNA/RNA detection. In this study, an HIV WP blood donor who initiated ART was monitored, evaluating the immunological and nucleic acid testing (NAT) results for early ART and discussing the potential effects on blood safety.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis was a follow‐up study of a HIV WP donor detected 36 hours after high‐risk sexual behavior, who was subsequently treated with ART. Immunological and NAT methods were comparatively analyzed.RESULTSThe 4th generation HIV serologic assays were positive at Day 11, and the 3rd generation domestic anti‐HIV assay was positive at Day 33. Individual donation (ID) NAT and minipool (MP) NAT of six samples were reactive, but 12‐sample MP‐NAT was nonreactive. ART resulted in a slow decline of HIV RNA, but HIV DNA was still detected on Day 757.CONCLUSIONAfter ART, ID‐NAT was more sensitive than MP‐NAT or serologic detection; however, HIV DNA detection was more sensitive, with DNA but not RNA persistently detectable.
Comprehensive analysis of hepatitis B virus infections in blood donors in southern China that are surface antigen positive but nucleic acid testing negative
Authors: Ye Xianlin , Li Tong , Zhang Ruohao , Liu Heng , Zeng Jinfeng , Hong Wenxu , Lu Liang , Zhu Weigang , Li Shilin , Xu Min , Wu Shaobo , Chen Limin 
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUNDHepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major concerns for the safety of blood transfusion in high‐prevalent countries such as in China. Prior studies outside of China have shown hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) false‐reactive rate of 0.02% to 0.04%. Similarly, false‐negative HBsAg and HBV DNA results may occur in infected donors. Our study analyzed HBsAg enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)‐reactive but NAT‐negative donations in Shenzhen Blood Center, China.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSHBsAg ELISA‐positive/NAT‐negative plasma samples identified from screening 101,025 donations during 2017‐2018 were analyzed by molecular and serologic tests including neutralization, chemiluminescence immunoassays, and various HBV DNA amplification assays. Molecular characterizations of HBsAg‐positive/NAT‐negative samples were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and nested PCR amplification of the basic core and precore promotor regions (295 base pairs) and HBsAg (S) region (496 base pairs).RESULTSScreening of 101,025 eligible blood donations identified 157 (0.16%, 95% confidence interval, 0.13%‐0.18%) HBsAg ELISA‐positive/NAT‐negative plasma samples; of those, 71 (45.2%) were HBsAg confirmed positive by further HBsAg testing and DNA positive by molecular tests with increased sensitivity. Of the 71, all but one was antibody to hepatitis B core antigen reactive without antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen, yielding one recent (window‐period) HBV infection. Of the remaining donations, 80 (51%) were not considered as HBV‐infected donors, and 6 (3.8%) were interpreted as indeterminate since HBsAg results were discordant with unconfirmed HBV DNA results. In the 71 confirmed positives, HBsAg levels ranged from 0.05 to 400 IU/mL and HBV DNA from 6 to 2654 IU/mL; however, the correlation between the two was weak (R2 = 0.24).CONCLUSIONFewer than half of HBsAg ELISA‐positive/NAT‐negative samples were confirmed as HBsAg positive. Our study demonstrates that in highly HBV‐endemic countries, assays with high sensitivity and specificity may be required.
Oncostatin M upregulates Livin to promote keratinocyte proliferation and survival via ERK and STAT3 signalling pathways
Authors: Wang Hao , Lei Lei , Hu Jinsong , Li Yazhuo 
Published: May 2020

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What controls the proliferation and apoptosis in the pathogenesis of psoriasis?
What is the main finding and its importance?
The pathogenesis psoriasis involves abnormal homeostasis of keratinocytes, with hyperproliferation and decreasing apoptosis. An inhibitor of apoptosis protein family molecule, Livin, is highly expressed in psoriasis vulgaris lesional skin tissue. Expression of Livin was upregulated at transcription and protein levels after stimulation with oncostatin M (OSM). OSM promoted the survival of HaCaT cells in oxidative stress conditions. Expression of Livin and proliferation of HaCaT cells stimulated by OSM was regulated through ERK and STAT3 signalling pathways. This study might provide new insights into targeted therapy for psoriasis.

AbstractPsoriasis is an immune‐mediated chronic inflammatory disease. Abnormal homeostasis of keratinocytes, with hyperproliferation and decreasing apoptosis, is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Here, we report that an inhibitor of apoptosis protein family molecule, Livin, is highly expressed in psoriasis vulgaris lesional skin tissue at transcription and protein levels. Importantly, the expression level of Livin is related to the severity of psoriasis. The aim of the study was to investigate the regulation and functions of Livin in keratinocytes stimulated by the pro‐inflammatory cytokine oncostatin M (OSM). The expression of Livin in HaCaT cells at mRNA and protein levels was measured by real‐time PCR and Western blotting after OSM stimulation. The cell proliferation was measured by a 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine incorporation assay. Cell death was induced by the exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stress model, detected by 7‐amino‐actinomycin D staining and analysed by flow cytometry. Livin was overexpressed by a lentiviral transduction system to validate the roles of OSM and Livin in HaCaT cells. Specific inhibitors of ERK (U0126) and STAT3 (cryptotanshinone) were applied to investigate the signalling pathways involved in the regulation of Livin expression by OSM. The expression of Livin was upregulated after stimulation with OSM. OSM promoted the proliferation and survival of HaCaT cells. The expression of Livin and the proliferation of HaCaT cells induced by OSM were regulated through the ERK and STAT3 signalling pathways. We conclude that OSM promotes HaCaT cell proliferation and survival in conditions of oxidative stress.
Influence of Fluid Film Boundary Migration on Dynamic Coefficients of Journal Bearings and Behavior of Rotor System
Authors: Chen Changmin , Jing Jianping , Cong Jiqing , Dai Zezeng , Cheng Jianhua 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The position of fluid film in journal bearing will change while the journal moving in bearing, which can be named fluid film boundary migration (FFBM). It is usually ignored in the calculation of linear dynamic coefficients. While, the errors brought by this neglection was not ever investigated in detail. In this paper, the influence of FFBM on bearing dynamic coefficients and rotor system dynamic behaviors are investigated. A new perturbation-based model is proposed to take the FFBM into account by modifying the boundary conditions of governing equations. It is then verified by the experimental results and analytical results from previous research. Furthermore, the effects of FFBM on stiffness and damping in two typical journal bearings are investigated. The result indicates that the FFBM has a significant influence on dynamic coefficients of full circular journal bearing but little impact on journal bearing with axial grooves. Moreover, it affects the stiffness and damping more significantly in the cases of large length-to-diameter ratios or small eccentricity ratios in full circle bearing. Finally, the dynamical behavior of a rotor-bearing system with considering the FFBM is also investigated. The result shows that the FFBM of oil film has remarkable influences on the instability threshold and imbalance responses of the rotor system, which should not be ignored. The conclusions obtained in this research are expected to be helpful for the design of full circular journal bearings or rotor-bearing systems.
Modular Vibration Control Unit Formed by an Electromagnetic Proof-Mass Transducer and Sweeping Resistive–Inductive Shunt
Authors: Turco Emanuele , Gardonio Paolo , Petrella Roberto , Dal Bo Loris 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper presents a vibration control unit formed by an electromagnetic proof-mass transducer connected to a sweeping resistive–inductive (RL)-shunt, which can be used to control broadband flexural vibrations of thin structures. The shunt is composed of a resistor and an inductor in series, whose values vary harmonically in time. The design and practical implementation of an electromagnetic transducer and harmonically varying shunt is first discussed. The unit is then tested on a thin-walled cylinder exposed to a broadband disturbance, considering two operation modes: fixed and sweeping RL-shunts. The former mode sets the unit to control the resonant response of a target flexural mode of the cylinder. The latter mode sets the unit to control the resonant responses of multiple modes of the cylinder with natural frequencies confined in a target frequency band. The study demonstrates the practical feasibility of a unit, which sweeps the natural frequency and the damping ratio of the transducer between 36 Hz and 187 Hz and between 4% and 60%. Also, it shows the unit generates broadband control of the flexural vibration of a cylinder, with reductions of the peak responses of the natural modes resonating in frequency band of the sweep comprised between 2 and 13 dB.
Efficient Virtual Tribomechadynamics by Means of Joint Modes for Detailed Investigation of Complex Local Stick and Slip Behavior Inside a Joint
Authors: Pichler Florian , Witteveen Wolgang , Koller Lukas 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the last years, the numerical and experimental research effort on joint nonlinearities and tribomechadynamics has increased. Thereby, local sticking and slipping effects as well as the influence of friction caused damping on the global dynamics are of interest. Conventional computational approaches like model order reduction techniques or the finite element method lead either to insufficient result quality or a high computational burden. For the efficient numerical consideration of jointed structures in combination with model order reduction, joint modes based on trial vector derivatives have been presented. These joint modes enable accurate computation of local nonlinear contact and friction forces together with efficient time integration even for high fidelity finite element models. This article describes the application of joint modes for efficient virtual tribomechadynamics. Therefore, a generic structure including a bolted joint is used. It is investigated if these joint modes reproduce local friction stress, and sticking/slipping areas comparable to the nonlinear finite element method within reasonable computational times. Moreover, global damping effects are studied at different preload levels and related to local sticking/slipping behavior. The numerical studies confirm that joint modes lead to accurate results with low computation effort and hence allow an efficient and detailed virtual investigation of complex joints. In addition, this publication shows that the consideration of tangential stiffness for the computation of joint modes remarkably increases the local result quality.
Quasinormal modes in kink excitations and kink–antikink interactions: a toy model
Authors: Campos João G. F. , Mohammadi Azadeh 
Published: May 2020

AbstractWe study excitations and collisions of kinks in a scalar field theory where the potential has two minima with $$Z_2$$Z2 symmetry. The field potential is designed to create a square well potential in the stability equation of the kink excitations. The stability equation is analogous to the Schrödinger equation, and therefore we use quantum mechanics techniques to study the system. We modify the square well potential continuously, which allows the excitation to tunnel and consequently turns the normal modes of the kink into quasinormal modes. We study the effect of this transition, leading to energy leak, on isolated kink excitations. Finally, we investigate kink–antikink collisions and the resulting scaling and fractal structure of the resonance windows considering both normal and quasinormal modes and compare the results.
Quantity and Extension in Suárez and Descartes
Authors: Schmaltz Tad M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This paper compares the development of the notion of continuous quantity in the work of Francisco Suárez and René Descartes. The discussion begins with a consideration of Suárez’s rejection of the view – common to ‘realists’ such as Thomas Aquinas and ‘nominalists’ such as William of Ockham – that quantity is inseparable from the extension of material integral parts. Crucial here is Suárez’s view that quantified extension exhibits a kind of impenetrability that distinguishes it from other kinds of extension. This view sheds considerable light on initially obscure remarks on impenetrability in Descartes’ late correspondence with Henry More. Though Descartes differs from Suárez and other major scholastic figures in his understanding of the relation of quantity to material substance, he nonetheless requires in the end some version of the Suárezian distinction between quantified and unquantified extension.
Supplementary characterisation of Bursaphelenchus leoni Baujard, 1980 (Tylenchina: Aphelenchoididae) found in Pinus massoniana from Zhejiang Province, China, with proposal of B. borealis Korentchenko, 1980 as a junior synonym
Authors: Li Hongmei , Gu Jianfeng , Fang Yiwu , Guo Kai , Schönfeld Ute , Braasch Helen 
Published: May 2020

Summary
Bursaphelenchus leoni is redescribed, using morphology, morphometrics and molecular data, based on a population isolated from dead Pinus massoniana in Zhejiang Province, China. It is characterised by a lateral field with three lines, a 12-15 μm long stylet with small basal swellings, excretory pore located one body diam. posterior to nerve ring, spicules mitten-shaped, dorsally and ventrally arcuate, with lamina smoothly tapering towards broadly rounded distal tip without hook-like process in the Chinese population, condylus broadly rounded with a small dorsally bent hook, rostrum triangle or conical with finely rounded tip. The bursal flap is long, spade-like with posterior margin truncate or irregular. A 2-3 μm long vulval flap is present. The female tail is long and conical (c′ = 5.3-6.9), with the terminus finely rounded, or occasionally pointed. The Zhejiang population of B. leoni is close to B. eidmanni and B. silvestris, which all belong to the leoni-group sensu Braasch et al. (2009). Comparison with the description of B. borealis led to the conclusion that B. leoni and B. borealis are conspecific, the latter being regarded as a junior synonym of the former.
Atonement and Martyrdom in the Gospel of John
Authors: Ripley Jason 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Does the Gospel of John portray Jesus’ death as an atoning sacrifice? This paper offers a new approach to the revelation vs. sacrifice impasse in scholarship, arguing that Jesus’ atoning death in John should be understood with reference to the non-cultic atoning deaths of the Jewish martyrdom traditions. After critically engaging scholarship, I contextualize John within post-biblical debates regarding sacrificial martyrdom, focusing on the competing reconfigurations of non-cultic atonement in the Maccabean literature. I subsequently show how Jesus’ atoning martyrdom reveals his anti-violent way of the cross as the true martyrdom and atoning sacrifice accepted by God, thereby resolving key tensions within Johannine scholarship. I then demonstrate how this vision of atonement addresses John’s understanding of sin as ignorance and addresses an audience itself facing threats of martyrdom (John 16:2). I conclude with some reflections on how John’s vision of atonement critically differs from later theological theories, particularly penal substitution.
Paul’s Map and Territory: Rethinking the Work of the Apostle in Light of Ancient Cartography
Authors: Smith Eric 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Paul had a clear understanding of how his calling and his work mapped onto geography. In contexts where he felt that others were encroaching on his territory, as in Galatians and 2 Corinthians, Paul could be very angry and defensive. Likewise, when Paul was writing to people in territories that he did not consider part of his purview, such as in Romans, he was deferential and submissive. In all three cases—in Galatians and 2 Corinthians when Paul was being defensive about his territory, and in Romans when he was being deferential—Paul used a particular word, κλίµα, to designate geography—a word he never used in any other context. This article puts this observation in conversation with ancient mapping, which relied on “process descriptions” of space and place rather than “state descriptions.” That is, ancient cartography privileged the process of movement or travel, and in contrast to most modern mapping, ancient maps didn’t usually make use of any external system of reference. One particular map, the Peutinger Map, helps illustrate this phenomenon. Understanding how ancient maps organized space, we can begin to understand Paul’s notions of territory and the way they determined which places he felt compelled to visit. By knowing something about Paul’s maps and geographies, we can make sense of his language in Romans 15, where territory played a pivotal role in his self-understanding as an apostle and in his trajectory across the Roman world, “from Jerusalem and as far around as Illyricum,” but also onward to Spain and to the end of the world.
Goldingay on God: Addressing the Distinction between Biblical and Dogmatic Theology
Authors: Duby Steven J. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In modern descriptions of biblical theology, attempts to distinguish it from dogmatic or systematic theology have often focused on the latter’s use of extrabiblical or “philosophical” concepts and categories in expounding Christian doctrine. In his recent volume entitled Biblical Theology: The God of the Christian Scriptures, John Goldingay initially affirms this method of distinguishing between the disciplines, but his subsequent treatment of the Bible’s teaching about God affords an excellent opportunity to discuss whether this approach to the distinction is in fact practicable. Through an appreciative engagement of Goldingay’s work, this essay will discuss (1) the need for an alternative way of distinguishing biblical theology from dogmatic theology and (2) how Goldingay’s treatment of scriptural teaching on God in particular might help to address perceived tensions between the Bible’s portrayal of God and classical accounts of God that are frequently viewed with suspicion in modern biblical scholarship.
A Note on a Note
Authors: Saitô Yoshio 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The so-called ‘Leiden Manuscript’, the collection of Turkic and Mongolic glossaries titled Kitāb Majmūʿ Turjumān Turkī wa-ʿAjamī wa-Muğalī wa-Fārsī, has a yet undeciphered inscription on f. 75b. In this article, the author identifies the script of the inscription as a type of Coptic cursive numerals called ḥurūf al-zimām, which was primarily in use in Egypt for accounting purposes. The consecutive numbers and multiples of 10 and 100 in the inscription may indicate that they were written for practicing numerical letters by someone who had nothing to do with the creation or the copying of the manuscript. The use of zimām numerals in the inscription indicates that the manuscript may have existed in Egypt, and this strengthens the theory advanced by M.Th. Houtsma that the manuscript was created there. Yemen is another possible place of origin of the manuscript due to the close relationship of the Rasūlid dynasty with the Mamlūk sultanate and the fact that some documents with zimām numerals have been found there.
The Chamberlain’s Sessions
Authors: Seidensticker Tilman 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This article is devoted to thirteen Arabic audience certificates (samāʿāt) that originate in Baghdad in the time from Rabīʿ I 486/April 1093 to Ṣafar 501/September–October 1107. The analysis presents the attending master, the chamberlain Ibn al-ʿAllāf (died 505/1111), and provides an overview of the heterogenous composition of the seven reading circles represented in the certificates. It scrutinizes the change of seating position in pairs of sessions and examines the three certificates that were copied to the Gotha manuscript from another manuscript of the same work by the 4th/10th century author al-Ḫarāʾiṭī. Furthermore, the identity and social position of the readers and writers are clarified as far as possible using external sources, and the way that partial attendance is dealt with by the writer and the attending master is elucidated. An index of names makes the persons mentioned in the texts as well as the biographical information presented in the article accessible. The edition of the Arabic text of all thirteen certificates attempts to make their structure visible by means of layout (indentation, coloured script).