bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotyping congenital anomalies in administrative hospital records
Authors: Zylbersztejn Ania , Verfürden Maximiliane , Hardelid Pia , Gilbert Ruth , Wijlaars Linda 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackgroundCongenital anomalies are a major cause of co‐morbidity in children. Diagnostic code lists are increasingly used to identify congenital anomalies in administrative health records. Evidence is lacking on comparability of these code lists.ObjectivesTo compare prevalence of congenital anomalies and prognostic outcomes for children with congenital anomalies identified in administrative health records using three different code lists.MethodsWe developed national cohorts of singleton livebirths in England (n = 7 354 363, 2003‐2014) and Scotland (n = 493 556, 2003‐2011). Children with congenital anomalies were identified if congenital anomaly diagnosis was recorded at birth, during subsequent hospital admission or as cause of death before 2 years old. We used three code lists: the EUROCAT list for congenital anomaly surveillance in Europe; the Hardelid list developed to identify children with chronic conditions (including congenital anomalies) admitted to hospital in England; and the Feudtner list developed to indicate children with complex chronic conditions (including congenital anomalies) admitted to hospitals in the United States. We compared prevalence, and risks of postnatal hospital readmission and death according to each code list in England and Scotland.ResultsPrevalence of congenital anomalies was highest using the EUROCAT list (4.1% of livebirths in England, 3.7% in Scotland), followed by Hardelid (3.1% and 3.0% of livebirths, respectively) and Feudtner (1.8% and 1.5% of livebirths, respectively). 67.2%‐73.3% of children with congenital anomalies in England and 65.2%‐77.0% in Scotland had at least one postnatal hospital admission across the three code lists; mortality ranged between 42.6‐75.4 and 41.5‐88.7 deaths per 1000 births in England Scotland, respectively. The risk of these adverse outcomes was highest using Feudtner and lowest using EUROCAT code lists.ConclusionsThe prevalence of congenital anomalies varied by congenital anomaly code list, over time and between countries, reflecting in part differences in hospital coding practices and admission thresholds. As a minimum, researchers using administrative health data to study congenital anomalies should report sensitivity analyses using different code lists.
Global Transmission of Live Polioviruses: Updated Dynamic Modeling of the Polio Endgame
Authors: Kalkowska Dominika A. , Pallansch Mark A. , Wassilak Steven G. F. , Cochi Stephen L. , Thompson Kimberly M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractNearly 20 years after the year 2000 target for global wild poliovirus (WPV) eradication, live polioviruses continue to circulate with all three serotypes posing challenges for the polio endgame. We updated a global differential equation‐based poliovirus transmission and stochastic risk model to include programmatic and epidemiological experience through January 2020. We used the model to explore the likely dynamics of poliovirus transmission for 2019–2023, which coincides with a new Global Polio Eradication Initiative Strategic Plan. The model stratifies the global population into 72 blocks, each containing 10 subpopulations of approximately 10.7 million people. Exported viruses go into subpopulations within the same block and within groups of blocks that represent large preferentially mixing geographical areas (e.g., continents). We assign representative World Bank income levels to the blocks along with polio immunization and transmission assumptions, which capture some of the heterogeneity across countries while still focusing on global poliovirus transmission dynamics. We also updated estimates of reintroduction risks using available evidence. The updated model characterizes transmission dynamics and resulting polio cases consistent with the evidence through 2019. Based on recent epidemiological experience and prospective immunization assumptions for the 2019–2023 Strategic Plan, the updated model does not show successful eradication of serotype 1 WPV by 2023 or successful cessation of oral poliovirus vaccine serotype 2‐related viruses.
A Comparative Study on the Effect of Mechanical Compliance for a Safe Physical Human–Robot Interaction
Authors: She Yu , Song Siyang , Su Hai-Jun , Wang Junmin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this paper, we study the effects of mechanical compliance on safety in physical human–robot interaction (pHRI). More specifically, we compare the effect of joint compliance and link compliance on the impact force assuming a contact occurred between a robot and a human head. We first establish pHRI system models that are composed of robot dynamics, an impact contact model, and head dynamics. These models are validated by Simscape simulation. By comparing impact results with a robotic arm made of a compliant link (CL) and compliant joint (CJ), we conclude that the CL design produces a smaller maximum impact force given the same lateral stiffness as well as other physical and geometric parameters. Furthermore, we compare the variable stiffness joint (VSJ) with the variable stiffness link (VSL) for various actuation parameters and design parameters. While decreasing stiffness of CJs cannot effectively reduce the maximum impact force, CL design is more effective in reducing impact force by varying the link stiffness. We conclude that the CL design potentially outperforms the CJ design in addressing safety in pHRI and can be used as a promising alternative solution to address the safety constraints in pHRI.
Reliability Analysis of Nonlinear Vibratory Systems Under Non-Gaussian Loads Using a Sensitivity-Based Propagation of Moments
Authors: Papadimitriou Dimitrios , Mourelatos Zissimos P. , Patil Santosh , Hu Zhen , Tsianika Vasiliki , Geroulas Vasileios 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The paper proposes a new methodology for time-dependent reliability analysis of vibratory systems using a combination of a first-order, four-moment (FOFM) method and a non-Gaussian Karhunen–Loeve (NG-KL) expansion. The approach can also be used for random vibrations studies. The vibratory system is nonlinear and is excited by stationary non-Gaussian input random processes which are characterized by their first four marginal moments and autocorrelation function. The NG-KL expansion expresses each input non-Gaussian process as a linear combination of uncorrelated, non-Gaussian random variables and computes their first four moments. The FOFM method then uses the moments of the NG-KL variables to calculate the moments and autocorrelation function of the output processes based on a first-order Taylor expansion (linearization) of the system equations of motion. Using the output moments and autocorrelation function, another NG-KL expansion expresses the output processes in terms of uncorrelated non-Gaussian variables in the time domain, allowing the generation of output trajectories. The latter are used to estimate the time-dependent probability of failure using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The computational cost of the proposed approach is proportional to the number of NG-KL random variables and is significantly lower than that of other recently developed methodologies which are based on sampling. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methodology is demonstrated using a two-degree-of-freedom nonlinear vibratory system with random coefficients excited by a stationary non-Gaussian random process.
Load–Displacement Characterization in Three Degrees-of-Freedom for General Lamina Emergent Torsion Arrays
Authors: Pehrson Nathan A. , Bilancia Pietro , Magleby Spencer , Howell Larry 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Lamina emergent torsion (LET) joints for use in origami-based applications enables folding of panels. Placing LET joints in series and parallel (formulating LET arrays) opens the design space to provide for tunable stiffness characteristics in other directions while maintaining the ability to fold. Analytical equations characterizing the elastic load–displacement for general serial–parallel formulations of LET arrays for three degrees-of-freedom are presented: rotation about the desired axis, in-plane rotation, and extension/compression. These equations enable the design of LET arrays for a variety of applications, including origami-based mechanisms. These general equations are verified using finite element analysis, and to show variability of the LET array design space, several verification plots over a range of parameters are provided.
A Novel Approach to Kinematic Reliability Analysis for Planar Parallel Manipulators
Authors: Zhao Qiangqiang , Guo Junkang , Zhao Dingtang , Yu Dewen , Hong Jun 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Kinematic reliability is an essential index that assesses the performance of the mechanism associating with uncertainties. This study proposes a novel approach to kinematic reliability analysis for planar parallel manipulators based on error propagation on plane motion groups and clipped Gaussian in terms of joint clearance, input uncertainty, and manufacturing imperfection. First, the linear relationship between the local pose distortion coming from the passive joint and that caused by other error sources, which are all represented by the exponential coordinate, are established by means of the Baker–Campbell–Hausdorff formula. Then, the second-order nonparametric formulas of error propagation on independent and dependent plane motion groups are derived in closed form for analytically determining the mean and covariance of the pose error distribution of the end-effector. On this basis, the kinematic reliability, i.e., the probability of the pose error within the specified safe region, is evaluated by a fast algorithm. Compared to the previous methods, the proposed approach has a significantly high precision for both cases with small and large errors under small and large safe bounds, which is also very efficient. Additionally, it is available for arbitrarily distributed errors and can analyze the kinematic reliability only regarding either position or orientation as well. Finally, the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach are verified by comparing with the Monte Carlo simulation method.
Adaptive Wiebe Function Parameters for a Port-Fuel Injected Hydrogen-Fueled Engine
Authors: Alam Shah Saud , Depcik Christopher 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Current unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) propulsion technologies includes hydrogen fuel cells, battery systems, and internal combustion engines (ICE). However, relying on a single propulsion technology might result in a limited operational range. This can be mitigated by utilizing a hybrid configuration involving a battery pack and an ICE or a fuel cell for charging. Due to its significant weight advantage and high mass-specific energy content, hydrogen (H2) is an ideal fuel for both power plant options. However, use of H2 with an ICE requires precise operational control through combustion process simulation with the predictive approximation of the mass fraction burned profile. In this area, the relatively simple single-Wiebe function is widely deployed for a variety of different fuels, as well as combustion regimes. In general, the description of the single-Wiebe function includes the extent of complete combustion (a), magnitude of the maximum burn rate (m), and combustion duration (θd). However, the literature often provides values for these parameters without necessarily relating them to operational characteristics that can influence ICE power. As a result, it is critical to correlate the burn rate of the fuel to ICE operating parameters, such as the engine compression ratio, inlet pressure, mean piston speed, exhaust gas recirculation level, equivalence ratio, and spark timing.
Therefore, in an attempt to physically define these parameters, this effort performs a sensitivity analysis using linear regression (least squares method) to assess the impact of engine operating conditions on the Wiebe function in comparison to experimental data for port-fuel injected hydrogen ICEs. The result is a model that can estimate the values of a, m, and θd in combination with a relatively high coefficient of determination (R2) when compared to the experimental mass fraction burned profiles. Finally, others can expand this methodology to any experimental data for engine and fuel-specific Wiebe parameter determination.
Thermal Imaging Technique to Minimize the Wastage of Fruits
Authors: Gurupatham Sathish K. , Wiles Carson 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This study is aimed at using non-invasive thermal imaging technique to assess fruit ripeness, including fruits which maintain skin color throughout ripening. The same sized four unripe fruits of avocado, kiwi, and peach from each variety were chosen with the same skin texture, color, and firmness in a batch for the study, for a total of four batches. Thermal images of these fruits were captured using a thermal camera for three consecutive days at a specific time under the same environmental conditions. The thermal images show that the temperature of fruits increases along with their ripeness level during ripening which happens due to the respiration of the fruits. The specific heat which is a function of temperature was calculated experimentally using a method developed by Hwang and Hayakama for five unripe and ripe fruits of each variety with the same ripeness level, skin texture, color, and firmness which confirmed this increase. This work demonstrates that thermal imaging technique is preferable and non-invasive for evaluation of the ripeness of fruits, especially which do not change their skin color during ripening such as kiwi.
Optimal Configuration Selection Through Experimental Tests on Branched Heat Exchanger With R134 Organic Fluid
Authors: Capata Roberto , Calabria Alfonso 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The aim of this work the analysis of compact branched heat exchangers, by measuring thermal efficiency and the pressure drop in several experimental tests. Three different heat exchanger configuration have been considered. In the first device, the constant efflux velocity, in the internal channels, was imposed. The second exchanger was realized by imposing constant the value of the Reynolds number. The last device was created according to the instructions of the constructal theory. All three exchangers are aluminum made. In addition, in order to have a more detailed knowledge of the phenomenon and to identify what are the parameters that govern heat transfer, an organic fluid has been used and tested. In our case R1234 organic fluid. It was therefore necessary to realize an appropriate test bench for the use of the organic fluid. Once realized, several tests were conducted. Finally in order to be able to indicate which configuration results the optimal one, the Prandtl and Nusselt numbers were obtained and compared.
Preformed Particle Gels (PPGs) Compressibility Measurements in the Reservoirs Channels
Authors: Elsharafi Mahmoud O. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Excess water production has become a significant problem to the oil-field operations as reservoirs mature. Preformed particle gels (PPGs) has been used widely to reduce the permeability of the formation channels. Therefore, water production decreases and sweeps efficiency increases in mature oil-fields. The work on this research will help out and determine what factors affect the PPG pack compressibility. It will determine the compressibility of swollen PPGs which could affect the selection and the design of the best PPG treatments in mature reservoirs. A transparent model was designed to observe the compression of gel particles in fluid channels at different injection pressures, and thus to study the effect of different parameters on PPG blocking efficiency. After each injection pressure, PPG compressibility was calculated to study the effect of various particle sizes, gel types, and brine concentrations on the PPG compressibility. Permeable gel packs were formed in fluid channels by gel particles and its compressibility depends on PPG particle size, gel strength, types, brine concentration, and load pressure. Gel pack is compressed and its compressibility is increased as injection pressure increases. A weak PPG with large particle size, low brine concentration, and low gel strength compressed more than a strong PPG with small particle size, high brine concentration, and high gel strength. The increase of the gel compressibility cause more reduction on the gel permeability on the fluid channels. A gel pack which has a desired compressibility can be designed by selecting proper gel strength and particle sizes at reservoir pressures.
First-Principle Calculations of the Binding Energy of the Coating Components of New Generation Dental Implants
Authors: Balueva Alla V. , Dashevskiy Ilia N. , Todebush Patricia , Campbell Chasen , Valdez Eduardo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We propose a new method of calculating adhesive strength of a novel bioactive nano-crystralline hydroxyapatite (HAp) coating of a dental implant by methods of Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation. Hydroxyapatite is the material similar to the bone — that is why it is used in odontology to cover the implant to improve the process of osseointegration of the implant with the bone. It is also important to have a strong adhesive bond between the coating and the implant to avoid unpleasant situations dealing with the peeling of the coating.
Our research focuses on understanding the strength of the bonds of interactions occurring during the process of spraying the dental implants, proposing factors that affect that strength, and ultimately looking at ways to improve the coating process. The goal of this work is to determine the strength of the interactions of the bio-nanocoating, hydroxyapatite, with titanium, which is the common material for the implant. Specifically the binding energy of different combinations of the constituents of the hydroxyapatite coating with titanium are calculated and ranked in order of intermolecular interactions. In the future, these components will be used to calculate the total binding energy of the HAp unit cell and the Ti (II) cation.
Design and Analysis of a Monolithic Compliant Dwell Mechanism
Authors: Lin Hongkuan , Tekes Ayse 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A novel, monolithic flexible translational dwell mechanism that is driven by a DC motor is designed in this study. Mechanism consists of an initially straight, large deflecting pinned-pinned buckling beam as a coupler, semi-circular compliant arc as a follower, rigid crank and a slider. An approximate dwell motion is created since the slider doesn’t move until the critical buckling load of the flexible coupler is achieved and then snaps to its maximum displacement by pushing the follower arc beam. As the maximum bending on the arc is reached, slider moves back to its initial as the crank follows a full rotation. Dynamical lumped model of the mechanism is obtained by integrating first and second kind of elliptic integral solution of pinned-pinned beam with polynomial formulation method. Optimal dimensions and geometric positions are explored using commercially available FEA program (ADAMs). Mechanism is built by 3D printing the entire mechanism as a single piece using polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG). Mathematical model of the mechanism is validated through experimental setup and ADAMs simulations.
Numerical CFD / FSI Study of Teflon and Dacron for Use in the Femoral Artery Graft Procedure
Authors: Sandhu Sukwinder , Anderson Kevin R. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper presents Fluid Structure Interaction modeling of candidate implant materials used in the femoral artery graft medical procedure. Two candidate implant materials, namely Teflon and Dacron are considered and modeled using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and structural Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to obtain Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) developed stresses within the candidate materials as a result of non-Newtonian blood flowing in a pulsatile unsteady fashion into the femoral artery implant tube. The pertinent findings for a pulsatile velocity maximum magnitude of 0.3 m/s and period of oscillation of 2.75 sec are as follows. For the biological tissue the wall shear stress is found to be 2.15 × 104 Pa, the hoop stress is found to be 1.6 × 104 Pa. For the Teflon implant material, the wall shear stress is found to be 1.177 × 104 Pa, the hoop stress is found to be 2.2 × 104 Pa. For the Dacron implant material the wall shear stress is found to by 3.9 × 104 Pa, the hoop stress is found to be 2.17 × 104 Pa. Based upon the analysis herein the PTFE material would be recommended.
CFD Study of Particle and Compressible Flow Interaction for a Twin Wire Arc Spraying System
Authors: Faull Raymond , Wagner Nicole , Anderson Kevin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Plasma spraying is used in various industries for additive manufacturing applications to apply materials onto a workpiece. Such applications could be for the purpose of repair, protection against corrosion, wear-resistance, or enhancing surface properties. One plasma spraying method is the twin wire arc spraying (TWAS) process that utilizes two electrically conductive wires, across which an electric arc is generated at their meeting point. The molten droplets that are created are propelled by an atomizing gas towards a substrate on which the coating is deposited. The TWAS process offers low workpiece heating and high deposition rates at a lower cost compared to other plasma spraying techniques. As the spray angle for this technique is relatively large (15 degree half angle), particles are lost in the process, lowering the yield of deposited material. The motivation of this project was to constrict the particle flow and reduce the loss of particles that are ejected by the spraying torch. Torch nozzles were designed to help the particle trajectory match the axial flow direction of the atomizing gas flow. Simulations using ANSYS FLUENT Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software was utilized to model both the atomizing gas flow and particle flow for a TWAS system. Various nozzle configurations with arc jet angles between 30–75 degrees showed only small effects on gas flow velocity and shape, with no significant variations in particle flow. These results indicate that nozzle configurations are only one factor in determining particle trajectory, and that phase changes and heat transfer need to be considered as well.