bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Techno‐economic analysis of sugar production from lignocellulosic biomass with utilization of hemicellulose and lignin for high‐value co‐products
Authors: Ou Longwen , Dou Chang , Yu Ju‐Hyun , Kim Hoyong , Park Yong‐Cheol , Park Sunkyu , Kelley Stephen , Lee Eun Yeol 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSugar derived from lignocellulosic biomass is an important intermediate product, often used for the production of biofuels and value‐added chemicals. It is therefore essential to understand and reduce the production costs of sugar derived from lignocellulosic biomass. This study evaluates the economic feasibility of a biorefinery producing sugar from lignocellulosic biomass using a combination of autohydrolysis and mechanical refining pretreatment. This biorefinery is self‐sufficient in energy, producing excess electricity for sale. The minimum sugar selling price (MSSP) that achieves a zero net present value is $446/metric ton. The possibility of using the two main by‐products, dissolved hemicellulose and lignin, for the production of high‐value products, xylitol and polyol, is also evaluated. When dissolved hemicellulose is used for xylitol production, the MSSP decreases to $347/metric ton. When lignin is liquefied to produce polyol, the MSSP is further reduced to $342/metric ton. External energy (natural gas) must be purchased if xylitol and polyol are produced. An analysis of capital and operating costs reveals that, although the production of xylitol and polyol incurs additional capital investment, their correspondingly high values outweigh the additional capital costs. Sensitivity analysis results indicate that efficient recovery and recycling of expensive chemicals like acetone and glycerol are key to the success of the biorefinery. Yields of xylitol and polyol also have strong impacts on the process economics. © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
The relationship between social roles and psychosocial adjustment in women with HIV: A structural equation model
Authors: Harifi Shadi , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Qorbani Mostafa , Mahmoodi Zohreh 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe human immunodeficiency virus is a unique social phenomenon that affects almost all the aspects of the social and economic life of individuals. The present study was conducted for the path analysis of the relationship between social roles and psychosocial adjustment in women with AIDS.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in 2019 on 240 women with HIV who referred to the Counseling Center for Behavioral Diseases of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. The eligible individuals entered the study through convenience sampling, and data were collected using five questionnaires, including the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scales, the Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Experiences in Close Relationship Scale, and a socio‐demographic checklist. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 and Lisrel 8.8 software.ResultsAccording to the results of the path analysis, internal health locus of control and patient's age have a significant positive relationship with psychosocial adjustment only through the direct path, and among them, patient's age has the greatest positive and direct relationship (B = 0.139). In the indirect path, education, external health locus of control, anxiety in experiences of close relationships, and perceived support have the greatest relationship with psychosocial adjustment, and among these variables, education has the highest positive relationship (B = 0.06). Illness perception, avoidance in experiences of close relationships, and chance locus of health control are associated with psychosocial adjustment through both direct and indirect paths, and among these variables, chance locus of health control has the greatest overall relationship with psychosocial adjustment (B = 0.238).ConclusionBased on the results, social roles and physical health are directly/indirectly associated with psychosocial adjustment, which emphasizes the need to pay more attention to all three aspects of psychosocial health, especially in this vulnerable group of the society.
The influence of countries' climate change‐related institutional profile on voluntary environmental disclosures
Authors: Mateo‐Márquez Antonio J. , González‐González José M. , Zamora‐Ramírez Constancio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis paper analyzes how the regulative, normative, and cultural dimensions of institutions exert pressure both on companies' decisions to voluntarily disclose environmental information and on the quality of the information disclosed. Prior research has focused on the influence of economic, disclosure, and generic institutional determinants, although little attention has been paid to the analysis of the influence exerted by climate change‐related institutional pillars. The results show that the three institutional pillars have different effects as regards both the decision to respond and the quality of disclosure. The regulative pillar positively influences the response decision but does not influence disclosure quality. The normative pillar positively affects both the propensity of companies to disclose and the quality of the information reported. Meanwhile, the cultural pillar positively influences disclosure quality, but it has no effect on firms' decisions to disclose environmental information. This paper is the first to analyze whether the institutional profile of climate change in different countries influences voluntary environmental disclosures.
Performance of the Wingman catheter in peripheral artery chronic total occlusions: Short‐term results from the international Wing‐It trial
Authors: Laird John R. , Mathews S. Jay , Brodmann Marianne , Soukas Peter A. , Schmidt Andrej ,   The Wing‐It Trial Investigators
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the safety and effectiveness of a peripheral artery chronic total occlusion (CTO) crossing catheter following failed crossing attempts with standard guidewires.BackgroundCTO crossing remains a challenge during peripheral artery interventions.MethodsIn this prospective, international, single‐arm study, patients with a peripheral artery CTO that was uncrossable with standard guidewires were treated with a crossing catheter (Wingman, Reflow Medical). The primary efficacy endpoint of CTO crossing success was compared to a performance goal of 70.7%. The primary composite safety endpoint (major adverse event [MAE], clinically significant perforation or embolization, or grade C or greater dissection) was assessed over a 30‐day follow‐up period and compared to a performance goal of 13.0%.ResultsA total of 85 patients were treated using the Wingman catheter for peripheral artery CTO crossing. Key patient characteristics were mean age of 71±9 years, 66% male, and mean lesion length of 188±94 mm in the superficial femoral artery (71%), popliteal artery (15%), or infrapopliteal arteries (14%). Both primary endpoints of the trial were met¾CTO crossing success was 90% (lower confidence limit=82.5%) and 5 primary safety events occurred in 4 (4.8%) patients (upper confidence limit=10.7%). Over 30 days of follow‐up, Rutherford score decreased by at least 2 categories in 74% patients; the percentage of patients with normal hemodynamics assessed with the ankle‐brachial index increased from 1% to 51%.ConclusionsAmong patients with a CTO that was unable to be crossed with a standard guidewire, the Wingman catheter was able to cross 90% of occlusions with a favorable safety profile.
Coronary sinus anatomical features: Description and procedural implications during coronary sinus Reducer implantation
Authors: Wilgenhof Adriaan , Zivelonghi Carlo , Verheye Stefan , Vermeersch Paul , Scott Benjamin , Convens Carl , Timmers Leo , Leenders Geert , Kuijk Jan Peter Van , Stella Pieter , Agostoni Pierfrancesco 
Published: November 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe hypothesized that some coronary sinus (CS) anatomies allow a more straightforward CS Reducer (CSR) implantation.BackgroundRecent decades have seen a rise in patients with chronic angina. When complete revascularization and maximal medical therapy fail to reduce symptoms, CSR has become a new therapeutic option.MethodsWe identified a classical C‐shape—a near horizontal course of the proximal portion of a circular CS—in a retrospective analysis of 47 CSR implantations and compared the procedural time, fluoroscopic time, contrast use, presence of valves or bifurcations and procedural complications with the non‐C‐shape CS anatomy.ResultsWe found a significant difference in procedural (20.0 [19.0–24.7] min vs. 24.5 [20.7–51.0] min; p = .028 and fluoroscopic time (9.5 [7.5–14.5] min vs. 11.0 [7.9–30.0] min; p = .016). There was no significant difference in contrast use. The presence of bifurcations or valves along the CS course did not influence the procedural timings.ConclusionThis study is the first systematic evaluation of CS anatomy and its procedural implications. We identified a favorable C‐shape anatomy which allows for a more straightforward implantation. Operators should be aware of the different implications of CS anatomy, their influence on guiding catheter stability and overall procedure complexity.
Total Synthesis and Structure Revision of Halioxepine
Authors: Poock Caroline , Kalesse Markus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe first total synthesis of halioxepine is accomplished using a 1,4‐addition for constructing the quaternary center at C10 and a halo etherification for the generation of the tertiary ether at C7. The correct structure of halioxepine was determined by assembling different enantiomeric building blocks and by changing the relative configuration between C10 and C15.
Benzimidazole and Benzoxazole Zinc Chelators as Inhibitors of Metallo‐β‐Lactamase NDM‐1
Authors: Jackson Abigail C. , Pinter Tyler B. J. , Talley Daniel C. , Baker‐Agha Adnan , Patel Dhruvil , Smith Paul J. , Franz Katherine J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBacterial expression of β‐lactamases, which hydrolyze β‐lactam antibiotics, contributes to the growing threat of antibacterial drug resistance. Metallo‐β‐lactamases, such as NDM‐1, use catalytic zinc ions in their active sites and hydrolyze nearly all clinically available β‐lactam antibiotics. Inhibitors of metallo‐β‐lactamases are urgently needed to overcome this resistance mechanism. Zinc‐binding compounds are promising leads for inhibitor development, as many NDM‐1 inhibitors contain zinc‐binding pharmacophores. Here, we evaluated 13 chelating agents containing benzimidazole and benzoxazole scaffolds as NDM‐1 inhibitors. Six of the compounds showed potent inhibitory activity with IC50 values as low as 0.38 μM, and several compounds restored the meropenem susceptibility of NDM‐1‐expressing E. coli. Spectroscopic and docking studies suggest ternary complex formation as the mechanism of inhibition, making these compounds promising for development as NDM‐1 inhibitors.
Mobile messenger–initiated reminders improve longitudinal adherence in a community‐based, opportunistic colorectal cancer screening program: A single‐blind, crossover randomized controlled study
Authors: Lam Thomas Y. T. , Wu Peter I. , Tang Raymond S. Y. , Luk Arthur K. C. , Ng Simpson , Sung Joseph J. Y. 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is a cost‐effective colorectal cancer (CRC) screening tool. However, longitudinal adherence, a factor that is critical to the success to any FIT‐based screening program, often is poor. The authors hypothesized that reminders sent via mobile messengers, such as WhatsApp, improve such adherence.MethodsIn the current single‐blind, randomized study, subjects from an opportunistic FIT screening program who had a negative FIT result the year prior were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive either a 1‐off reminder via the WhatsApp messenger (WR) 1 month prior to the due appointments or no reminder (NR). All subjects were blinded to study participation and group allocation. At 24 months after randomization, a crossover of intervention was performed among those individuals who remained in the FIT program. The primary outcome was FIT adherence, defined as the pick‐up and on‐time return of the FIT. The secondary outcome was FIT adherence after the crossover.ResultsA total of 500 subjects were randomized to receive WR (250 subjects) or NR (250 subjects). Three individuals were excluded from analysis (1 died and 2 underwent colonoscopy). Both the FIT pick‐up rate (80.3% vs 59.3%; P < .001) and return rate (79.9% vs 57.3%; P < .001) were significantly higher in the WR group compared with the NR group. After crossover of intervention (452 subjects), the WR group again was found to have a higher FIT pick‐up rate (79.1% vs 52.9%; P < .001) and return rate (78.2% vs 52.4%; P < .001).ConclusionsText reminders sent via mobile messenger appear to improve the longitudinal adherence to FIT‐based opportunistic CRC screening programs. The routine use of this technology in CRC screening should be considered.
Quantitative trait locus mapping for resistance to heat‐induced seed degradation and low seed phytic acid in soybean
Authors: Gillman Jason D. , Chebrolu Kranthi , Smith James R. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] reproductive structures are temperature‐sensitive, with a reproductive optimum of 22 to 24 °C. Currently, parts of the US soybean growing region experience consistent late‐season drought stress, resulting in the adoption of agronomic practices that favor early maturity groups. This approach is the Early Soybean Production System and has boosted yields and on‐farm returns on investment. However, seeds produced under this system develop under higher temperatures than standard practices, and frequently have decreased seed quality, loss of value, and unacceptable germination rates. Climate change may result in more widespread late‐season drought and elevated temperatures during seed filling. The ancestors of all modern US high‐yielding soybean lines lack substantial resistance to heat‐induced seed degradation, but an unadapted plant introduction (PI 587982A) can maintain ∼95% quality and germination under the same conditions. Inconsistent germination and emergence defects are associated with increased bioavailable phosphorus and reduced phytic acid. To evaluate these traits’ interaction, a backcross recombinant inbred line population was developed, and emergence and germination were evaluated in seed produced in six greenhouse and field environments. Two mutant alleles (lpa1a and lpa2a) were linked to decreased germination and emergence; this effect was pronounced under elevated temperatures. A novel major‐effect heat tolerance quantitative trait locus derived from PI 587982A was identified and found to be associated with positive effects on overall germination and emergence. These results open the potential application of marker‐assisted selection for tolerance to elevated temperatures and may accelerate the development of germplasm and cultivars with high‐quality seed.
A design of EEGNet‐based inference processor for pattern recognition of EEG using FPGA
Authors: Tsukahara Akihiko , Anzai Yuki , Tanaka Keita , Uchikawa Yoshinori 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn recent years, brain‐machine interface (BMI) is attracting attention. BMI is a technology that enables machine operation using biological signals such as EEG. For further advancement of BMI technology, there is a need for advanced BMI devices. Therefore, the purpose of this study is development of BMI hardware specialized for handling EEG as an interface for human adaptive mechatronics (HAM) that know human's state and operate according to the state. As one of the examinations, we are constructing a pattern recognition processor for EEG in real time on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), which is an LSI that can reconfigure the processor. This paper reports on the designed EEGNet processor and the result of logic circuit simulation and implementation.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of black African heart failure patients with preserved, mid‐range, and reduced ejection fraction: a post hoc analysis of the THESUS‐HF registry
Authors: Dzudie Anastase , Hongieh Abanda Martin , Nkoke Clovis , Barche Blaise , Damasceno Albertino , Edwards Christopher , Davison Beth , Cotter Gad , Sliwa Karen ,   THEUS‐HF investigators
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsLimited data are available on clinical characteristics and prognosis of heart failure (HF) in black African populations especially with respect to current classifications and HF management guidelines.Methods and resultsIn this post hoc analysis, African patients admitted with acute HF and enrolled in the THESUS‐HF registry in one of 12 hospitals in 9 countries were classified as having preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (HFpEF), mid‐range LVEF (HFmrEF), and reduced LVEF (HFrEF) based on echocardiography performed close to the time of admission. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, management, and 60 and 180 day outcomes were compared between the groups. Of 888 patients with LVEF available, there were 472 (53.2%) with HFrEF, 174 (19.6%) with HFmrEF, and 243 (27.3%) with HFpEF. History of atrial fibrillation was higher in patients with HFmrEF (28.5%) than in patients with HFrEF (14.5%). Patients with HFrEF had a larger mean LV systolic diameter (54.1 ± 9.67 mm) than patients with HFmrEF (42.9 ± 8.47 mm), who had a larger mean LV diameter than patients with HFpEF (32.6 ± 8.64 mm); a similar pattern with LV diastolic diameter was observed. The mean posterior diastolic wall thickness (10.2 ± 2.94 mm) was lower in patients with HFrEF than in those with HFmrEF (11.1 ± 2.59 mm) and HFpEF (11.2 ± 2.90 mm). Patients with HFpEF were less likely to use angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blockers, and aldosterone inhibitors, and more likely to use beta‐blockers than those with HFrEF at either admission or discharge/Day 7. Death or readmission rates through Day 60 and 180 day death rates did not differ significantly among the groups; unadjusted hazard ratios relative to patients with HFrEF were 1.32 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84–2.08] and 1.24 (95% CI 0.82–1.89) for 60 day death or readmission and 0.92 (95% CI 0.59–1.43) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.51–1.20) for 180 day death in patients with HFmrEF and HFpEF, respectively.ConclusionsClassification by LVEF according to European Society of Cardiology guidelines revealed some differences in clinical presentation but similar mortality and rehospitalization rates across all EF groups in Africans admitted for HF.
Comprehensive plasma metabolites profiling reveals phosphatidylcholine species as potential predictors for cardiac resynchronization therapy response
Authors: Yang Shengwen , Hu Yiran , Zhao Junhan , Jing Ran , Wang Jing , Gu Min , Niu Hongxia , Chen Liang , Hua Wei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to identify the plasma metabolite fingerprint in patients with heart failure and to develop a prediction tool based on differential metabolites for predicting the response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).Methods and resultsWe prospectively recruited 32 healthy individuals and 42 consecutive patients with HF who underwent CRT between January 2018 and January 2019. Peripheral venous blood samples, clinical data, and echocardiographic signatures were collected before CRT implantation. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry was used to perform untargeted metabolites profiling for peripheral plasma under ESI+ and ESI− modes. After 6 month follow‐up, patients were categorized as CRT responders or non‐responders based on the alterations of echocardiographic characteristics. Compared with healthy individuals, patients with HF had distinct metabolomic profiles under both ESI+ and ESI− modes, featuring increased free fatty acids, carnitine, β‐hydroxybutyrate, and dysregulated lipids with heterogeneous alterations such as phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and sphingomyelins. Disparities of baseline metabolomics profile were observed between CRT responders and non‐responders under ESI+ mode but not under ESI− mode. Further metabolites analysis revealed that a group of 20 PCs metabolites under ESI+ mode were major contributors to the distinct profiles between the two groups. We utilized LASSO regression model and identified a panel of four PCs metabolites [including PC (20:0/18:4), PC (20:4/20:0), PC 40:4, and PC (20:4/18:0)] as major predictors for CRT response prediction. Among our whole population (n = 42), receive operating characteristics analysis revealed that the four PCs‐based model could nicely discriminate the CRT responders from non‐responders (area under the curve = 0.906) with a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 90.0%. Cross‐validation analysis also showed a satisfactory and robust performance of the model with the area under the curve of 0.910 in the training dataset and 0.880 in the testing dataset.ConclusionsPatients with HF held significantly altered plasma metabolomics profile compared with the healthy individuals. Within the HF group, the non‐responders had a distinct plasma metabolomics profile in contrast to the responders to CRT, which was characterized by increased PCs species. A novel predictive model incorporating four PCs metabolites performed well in identifying CRT non‐responders. These four PCs might severe as potential biomarkers for predicting CRT response. Further validations are needed in multi‐centre studies with larger external cohorts.
Renin profiling predicts neurohormonal response to sacubitril/valsartan
Authors: Vergaro Giuseppe , Sciarrone Paolo , Prontera Concetta , Masotti Silvia , Musetti Veronica , Valleggi Alessandro , Giannoni Alberto , Senni Michele , Emdin Michele , Passino Claudio 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAimsClinical trials and observational cohorts show that beneficial effects of sacubitril/valsartan are less strong in an appreciable proportion of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Lower blood pressure and impaired renal function predict suboptimal sacubitril/valsartan titration and a less favourable response. Circulating renin encompasses neurohormonal activation, intravascular volume, and renal function. We hypothesized that renin may predict response to sacubitril/valsartan, assessed by changes in N‐terminal fraction of pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP).Methods and resultsWe performed a prospective, open‐label, real‐life cohort study. The study population consisted of 80 consecutive HFrEF patients (age 66 ± 10 years, 83% men) planned to initiate sacubitril/valsartan. Clinical and biohumoral assessment, including a full neurohormonal panel, was performed at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 month follow‐up. Response to sacubitril/valsartan was defined as ≥30% reduction in NT‐proBNP levels from baseline to 6 months. Patients in the lower renin tertile had higher blood pressure and plasma sodium concentration (all P < 0.05). At follow‐up, 38 patients (48%) were classified as responders. Circulating renin was lower in the responder group compared with non‐responders (19.8 mU/L, IQR 3.7–78.0 mU/L vs. 55.0 mU/L, IQR 16.4–483.1 mU/L; P = 0.004). After adjustment for age, renal function, and blood pressure, renin was independently associated to response to sacubitril/valsartan (P = 0.018).ConclusionsIn our preliminary study, we show that circulating renin predicts reduction in NT‐proBNP levels after sacubitril/valsartan initiation in HFrEF patients. Renin assessment might be useful to discriminate potential responders from the subgroup with a weaker expected benefit, thus needing a closer, tailored management strategy.