bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulse oral corticosteroids in pediatric chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Rogers Amanda B. , Zaidman Craig M. , Connolly Anne M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChildhood onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) often requires long‐term immunomodulatory therapy. We report a comprehensive review of our treatment of pediatric CIDP with a focus on high‐dose weekly corticosteroids (“pulse oral corticosteroids”), a treatment method that is not commonly reported. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of pediatric patients with CIDP treated at our center between 2000 and 2018 for whom we had at least 12 mo follow‐up. Here, we describe the demographics, disease course, treatment regimens, and long‐term outcomes of these patients. Twenty‐five patients were identified for analysis. Pulse oral corticosteroid monotherapy was the predominant maintenance treatment in 56% of patients. Patients were followed for a median of 4 y. Side effects were seen in a minority of patients. The probability of a normal exam or being off treatment at last follow‐up was similar regardless of predominant maintenance therapy. Pulse oral corticosteroid therapy is a safe and effective long‐term treatment option in children with CIDP.
Secure grid‐based density peaks clustering on hybrid cloud for industrial IoT
Authors: Sun Liping , Ci Shang , Liu Xiaoqing , Guo Liangmin , Zheng Xiaoyao , Luo Yonglong 
Published: October 2020

SummaryCloud computing gives clients the convenience of outsourcing data calculations. However, it also brings the risk of privacy leakage, and datasets that process industrial IoT information have a high computational cost for clients. To address these problems, this paper proposes a secure grid‐based density peaks clustering algorithm for a hybrid cloud environment. First, the client utilizes the homomorphic encryption algorithm to construct encrypted objects with client dataset. Second, the client uploads the encrypted data to the cloud servers to implement our security protocol. Finally, the cloud servers return the clustering results with the disturbance to the client. The experimental results on the UCI datasets and the smart power grid dataset reveal that the secure algorithm presented in this paper can improve upon the precision and efficiency of other clustering algorithms while also preserving user privacy. Moreover, it only performs encryption and removes the disturbance operation on the client, so that the client has lower computational complexity. Therefore, the secure clustering scheme proposed in this paper is applicable to industrial IoT big data and has high security and scalability.
Trajectory of psychosocial symptoms among home care patients with cancer at end‐of‐life
Authors: Seow Hsien , Stevens Tara , Barbera Lisa C. , Burge Fred , McGrail Kimberlyn , Chan Kelvin K. W. , Peacock Stuart J. , Sutradhar Rinku , Guthrie Dawn M. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeUnderstanding the end‐of‐life psychosocial needs of cancer patients at home is a knowledge gap. This study describes the trajectory of psychosocial symptoms in the last 6 months of life among cancer decedents who were receiving home care.MethodsObservational population‐based cohort study of cancer decedents who were receiving home care services between 2007 and 2014. Decedents had to have at least one home care assessment in the last 6 months of life for inclusion. Outcomes were the presence of psychosocial symptoms (i.e., anxiety, loneliness, depression, social decline, caregiver distress, and cognitive decline) at each week before death.ResultsOur cohort included 27,295 unique cancer decedents (30,368 assessments), of which 58% died in hospital. Fifty‐six percent were older than 74, and 47% were female. The prevalence of all symptoms increased approaching death, except loneliness. Social decline (48%–78%) was the most prevalent psychosocial symptom, though loneliness was reported in less than 10% of the cohort. Caregiver distress rose over time from 15%–27%. A third of the cohort reported issues with cognitive impairment. Multivariate regression showed that physical symptoms such as uncontrolled pain, impairment in independent activities of daily living, and a high level of health instability all significantly worsened the odds of having a psychosocial symptom in the last 3 months of life.ConclusionIn this large home care cancer cohort, trajectories of psychosocial symptoms worsened close to death. Physical symptoms, such as uncontrolled pain, were associated with having worse psychosocial symptoms at end of life.
Cryo‐electron microscopy structure of human ABCB6 transporter
Authors: Wang Chunyu , Cao Can , Wang Nan , Wang Xiangxi , Wang Xianping , Zhang Xuejun C. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHuman ATP‐binding cassette transporter 6 of subfamily B (ABCB6) is an ABC transporter involved in the translocation toxic metals and anti‐cancer drugs. Using cryo‐electron microscopy, we determined the molecular structure of full‐length ABCB6 in an apo state. The structure of ABCB6 unravels the architecture of a full‐length ABCB transporter that harbors two N‐terminal transmembrane domains which is indispensable for its ATPase activity in our in vitro assay. A slit‐like substrate binding pocket of ABCB6 may accommodate the planar shape of porphyrins, and the existence of a secondary cavity near the mitochondrial intermembrane space side would further facilitate substrate release. Furthermore, the ATPase activity of ABCB6 stimulated with a variety of porphyrin substrates showed different profiles in the presence of glutathione (GSH), suggesting the action of a distinct substrate translocation mechanism depending on the use of GSH as a cofactor.
State constraints‐based adaptive neural network control for switched nonlinear systems with unmodeled dynamics
Authors: Long Lijun , Bian Yanan 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis paper investigates the problem of state constraints‐based adaptive neural network tracking control for switched nonlinear systems with unmodeled dynamics. First, a switching‐dependent dynamic signal is designed to dominate unmodeled dynamics. Also, by introducing a nonlinear mapping, the limited state variables are transformed into new state variables without constraints in the switched systems framework, which permits removal of feasibility conditions for virtual control signals, when applying the barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) or integral BLF schemes. Second, adaptive neural network controllers of individual subsystems are constructed by exploiting backstepping and an improved average dwell time (ADT) method with dwell time reset, which guarantee that all signals in the resulting closed‐loop system are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded under a class of switching signals with ADT and full state constraints are not violated, and furthermore, the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of the origin. Finally, two examples, which include a two inverted pendulums as a practical example, are provided to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed design method.
Event‐triggered distributed Kalman filter with consensus on estimation for state‐saturated systems
Authors: Rezaei Hossein , Mahboobi Esfanjani Reza , Akbari Ahmad , Sedaaghi Mohammad Hossein 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis study investigates the problem of event‐triggered distributed state estimation for discrete‐time, nonlinear systems with state saturation. A Kalman‐like filter is developed, and consensus is first achieved with respect to the prediction estimation. The accuracy of the computed estimation is then improved via two recursive equations. The filter gains are determined in each sensor node via utilization of only an upper bound for the common error covariance, thereby resulting in a lower computational burden. Finally, the boundedness of the estimation errors is analyzed, and a comparison of the simulation results demonstrates that the proposed filtering method outperforms a recent rival method.
Real‐time neural observer‐based controller for unknown nonlinear discrete delayed systems
Authors: Rios Jorge D. , Alanis Alma Y. , Arana‐Daniel Nancy , Lopez‐Franco Carlos 
Published: October 2020

SummaryThis work presents a neural observer‐based controller for uncertain nonlinear discrete‐time systems with unknown time‐delays. The proposed neural observer does not need previous knowledge of the model about the system under consideration, neither the value of its parameters, delays, nor their explicit estimations. The proposed neural observer is based on a neural network composed of two recurrent high order neural networks (RHONNs) for nonmeasurable state variables, one in a parallel configuration, and for measurable state variables one in a series‐parallel configuration. The neural network is trained on‐line with an extended Kalman filter algorithm. The proposed RHONN observer provides a mathematical model for the system. Based on such a resulting mathematical model, a control law is designed using discrete‐time sliding mode block control. Applicability is presented using real‐time results that show the performance of the proposal using a linear induction motor prototype as the selected system; this prototype is under the presence of varying time‐delays. A Lyapunov analysis is included to prove the semi‐globally uniformly ultimately boundedness (SGUUB) of the proposed RHONN observer‐controller scheme for uncertain nonlinear discrete‐time systems with unknown delays.
The role of natural resources abundance and dependence in achieving environmental sustainability: Evidence from resource‐based economies
Authors: Erdoğan Seyfettin , Çakar Nigar Demircan , Ulucak Recep , Danish  , Kassouri Yacouba 
Published: October 2020

AbstractProper use and efficient management of natural resources are critical to shaping a sustainable future in many resource‐rich countries in Africa. It is also well‐known that globalization creates a great awareness for sustainable resource extraction and provides cleaner production technology transfers to underdeveloped countries and enables them to establish a sustainable development pattern. However, evidence on the role of globalization in reducing the environmental impacts of natural resources in resource‐based economies is relatively scant. This study investigates sustainable future strategies by examining the role of natural resources, globalization, human capital, and urbanization in shaping the ecological footprint that is a broader indicator of environmental sustainability. To this end, Sub‐Saharan African countries—endowed with a rich natural resource base ranging from arable land, forest, freshwater, marine resources, oil, natural gas, minerals, and wildlife—are analyzed through advanced estimation techniques. Empirical results show that both resource dependence and abundance complicate to design a sustainable future by increasing the pressure on the environment. Similarly, urbanization deteriorates ecological conditions in Sub‐Saharan African countries. However, globalization and human capital seem the main sources of a cleaner and sustainable environment. The findings of the study shed new light on the main role of globalization in providing cleaner practices to reverse the negative influence of natural resource dependence and/or abundance on environmental quality.
Nanofountain Probe Electroporation Enables Versatile Single‐Cell Intracellular Delivery and Investigation of Postpulse Electropore Dynamics
Authors: Nathamgari Samba Shiva Prasad , Pathak Nibir , Lemaitre Vincent , Mukherjee Prithvijit , Muldoon Joseph J. , Peng Chian‐Yu , McGuire Tammy , Leonard Joshua N. , Kessler John A. , Espinosa Horacio Dante 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIntroducing exogenous molecules into cells with high efficiency and dosage control is a crucial step in basic research as well as clinical applications. Here, the capability of the nanofountain probe electroporation (NFP‐E) system to deliver proteins and plasmids in a variety of continuous and primary cell types with appropriate dosage control is reported. It is shown that the NFP‐E can achieve fine control over the relative expression of two cotransfected plasmids. Finally, the dynamics of electropore closure after the pulsing ends with the NFP‐E is investigated. Localized electroporation has recently been utilized to demonstrate the converse process of delivery (sampling), in which a small volume of the cytosol is retrieved during electroporation without causing cell lysis. Single‐cell temporal sampling confers the benefit of monitoring the same cell over time and can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying processes such as stem cell differentiation and disease progression. NFP‐E parameters that maximize the membrane resealing time, which is essential for increasing the sampled volume and in meeting the challenge of monitoring low copy number biomarkers, are identified. Its application in CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, stem cell reprogramming, and single‐cell sampling studies is envisioned.
A Simple Blocking PCR‐Based Method for the Synthesis of High‐Copy dsDNA Tandem Repeats
Authors: Wang Xin , Yang Xuerui 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDNA tandem repeats are frequently found in eukaryotic genomes. High‐copy DNA repeats can serve as building blocks of complex DNA structures, but the in vitro synthesis of DNA repeats has been challenging due to complicated procedures and the high cost. Here, a new, simple method is developed using the strategy of blocking polymerase chain reaction for highly efficient DNA repeat expansion (BPRE). With BPRE, dsDNA fragments composed of more than 40 copies of the repeat sequence can be quickly produced, while the cost is reduced by at least 90%. As a typical application, reannealing of the dsDNA repeats generates elastic hydrogels, which shows a high capacity for doxycycline absorption and prolonged release.
Adhesive Coacervates Driven by Hydrogen‐Bonding Interaction
Authors: Peng Qiongyao , Chen Jingsi , Zeng Zicheng , Wang Tao , Xiang Li , Peng Xuwen , Liu Jifang , Zeng Hongbo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCoacervation plays a critical role in numerous biological activities such as constructing biological tissues and achieving robust wet adhesion of marine sessile organisms, which conventionally occurs when oppositely charged polyelectrolytes are mixed in aqueous solutions driven by electrostatic attraction. Here, a novel type of adhesive coacervate is reported, driven by hydrogen‐bonding interactions, readily formed by mixing silicotungstic acid and nonionic polyethylene glycol in water, providing a new approach for developing coacervates from nonionic systems. The as‐prepared coacervate is easily paintable underwater, show strong wet adhesion to diverse substrates, and has been successfully applied as a hemostatic agent to treat organ injuries without displaying hemolytic activity, while with inherent antimicrobial properties thus avoiding inflammations and infections due to microorganism accumulation. This work demonstrates that coacervation can occur in salt‐free environments via non‐electrostatic interactions, providing a new platform for engineering multifunctional coacervate materials as tissue glues, wound dressings and membrane‐free cell systems.
How Did China Overcome the “Poverty Trap”?
Authors: Zhou Shaojie , Hu Angang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThroughout the development cycle of a country, major tasks and challenges may arise during various stages of development and the possibility of a period of stagnation exists in each stage. In the low-income stage, anemic economic growth, lagging human development, political instability and social unrest often lead to a vicious cycle in national development. For instance, many countries in Africa have so far failed to fight poverty effectively and remain mired in the “poverty trap”. In the middle-income stage, many countries fall into the “middle income trap”. Even if countries succeed in overcoming the “middle income trap”, their economic growth may still be plagued by the “high income trap”, with Japan being one such example.
Holographic Floquet states in low dimensions
Authors: Garbayo Ana , Mas Javier , Ramallo Alfonso V. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe study the response of a (2+1)-dimensional gauge theory to an external rotating electric field. In the strong coupling regime such system is formulated holographically in a top-down model constructed by intersecting D3- and D5-branes along 2+1 dimensions, in the quenched approximation, in which the D5-brane is a probe in theAdS5×$$ {\mathbbm{S}}^5 $$S5geometry. The system has a non-equilibrium phase diagram with conductive and insulator phases. The external driving induces a rotating current due to vacuum polarization (in the insulator phase) and to Schwinger effect (in the conductive phase). For some particular values of the driving frequency the external field resonates with the vector mesons of the model and a rotating current can be produced even in the limit of vanishing driving field. These features are in common with the (3+1) dimensional setup based on the D3-D7 brane model [26, 27] and hint on some interesting universality. We also compute the conductivities paying special attention to the photovoltaic induced Hall effect, which is only present for massive charged carriers. In the vicinity of the Floquet condensate the optical Hall coefficient persists at zero driving field, signalling time reversal symmetry breaking.
Higgsing and twisting of 6d DN gauge theories
Authors: Kim Hee-Cheol , Kim Sung-Soo , Lee Kimyeong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We propose Type IIB 5-brane configurations that engineer the 6d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) SCFTs with SO(N) gauge symmetry coupled to a single tensor multiplet on a circle, by considering RG flows on Higgs branches of D-type conformal matter theories. We test the brane systems against known Calabi-Yau threefolds for the 6d SCFTs on a circle. In addition we study a new RG flow involving Higgs vevs of scalar operators with Kaluza-Klein momentum along the circle. The new RG flow results in the 5-brane webs for the 6d SCFTs of DN gauge symmetry compactified on a circle with Z2 outer-automorphism twist.
Learning physics at future e−e+ colliders with machine
Authors: Li Lingfeng , Li Ying-Ying , Liu Tao , Xu Si-Jun 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Information deformation and loss in jet clustering are one of the major limitations for precisely measuring hadronic events at future e−e+ colliders. Because of their dominance in data, the measurements of such events are crucial for advancing the precision frontier of Higgs and electroweak physics in the next decades. We show that this difficulty can be well-addressed by synergizing the event-level information into the data analysis, with the techniques of deep neutral network. In relation to this, we introduce a CMB-like observable scheme, where the event-level kinematics is encoded as Fox-Wolfram (FW) moments at leading order and multi-spectra of spherical harmonics at higher orders. Then we develop a series of jet-level (w/ and w/o the FW moments) and event-level classifiers, and analyze their sensitivity performance comparatively with two-jet and four-jet events. As an application, we analyze measuring Higgs decay width at e−e+ colliders with the data of 5ab−1@240GeV. The precision obtained is significantly better than the baseline ones presented in documents. We expect this strategy to be applied to many other hadronic- event measurements at future e−e+ colliders, and to open a new angle for evaluating their physics capability.
Topology design of two-fluid heat exchange
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroki , Yaji Kentaro , Yamasaki Shintaro , Fujita Kikuo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractHeat exchangers are devices that typically transfer heat between two fluids. The performance of a heat exchanger such as heat transfer rate and pressure loss strongly depends on the flow regime in the heat transfer system. In this paper, we present a density-based topology optimization method for a two-fluid heat exchange system, which achieves a maximum heat transfer rate under fixed pressure loss. We propose a representation model accounting for three states, i.e., two fluids and a solid wall between the two fluids, by using a single design variable field. The key aspect of the proposed model is that mixing of the two fluids can be essentially prevented. This is because the solid constantly exists between the two fluids due to the use of the single design variable field. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method through three-dimensional numerical examples in which an optimized design is compared with a simple reference design, and the effects of design conditions (i.e., Reynolds number, Prandtl number, design domain size, and flow arrangements) are investigated.
A reference method for determining the total allergenic protein content in a processed food: the case of milk in cookies as proof of concept
Authors: Martinez-Esteso Maria José , O’Connor Gavin , Nørgaard Jørgen , Breidbach Andreas , Brohée Marcel , Cubero-Leon Elena , Nitride Chiara , Robouch Piotr , Emons Hendrik 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe establishment of a reference method for the determination of the allergen protein content in a processed food material has been explored. An analytical approach was developed to enable the comparability of food allergen measurement results expressed in a decision-relevant manner. A proof of concept is here presented, resulting in quantity values for the common measurand, namely ‘mass of total allergen protein per mass of food’. The quantities are determined with SI traceability to enable the comparability of reported results. A method for the quantification of total milk protein content in an incurred baked food at a concentration level clinically relevant is presented. The strategy on how to obtain the final analytical result is outlined. Challenges associated with this method are discussed, in particular the optimal extraction of the marker proteins, the complete digestion and release of the peptides in an equimolar fashion, the use of conversion factors to translate the amount of measured proteins into total milk protein and the estimation of the uncertainty contributions as well as of the combined uncertainty of the final result. The implementation of such a reference method for the determination of the total allergen content in a processed food is an important step, which will provide comparable measurement data of relevance to risk assessors.