bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional Nanobubbles Carrying Indocyanine Green and Paclitaxel for Molecular Imaging and the Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lan Minmin , Zhu Lianhua , Wang Yixuan , Shen Dajia , Fang Kejing , Liu Yu , Peng Yanli , Qiao Bin , Guo Yanli 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Combining ultrasound imaging with photoacoustic imaging provides tissue imaging with high contrast and resolution, thereby enabling rapid, direct measurements and the tracking of tumour growth and metastasis. Moreover, ultrasound-targeted nanobubble destruction (UTND) provides an effective way to deliver drugs, effectively increasing the content of the drug in the tumour area and reducing potential side effects, thereby successfully contributing to the treatment of tumours. Results: In this study, we prepared multifunctional nanobubbles (NBs) carrying indocyanine green (ICG) and paclitaxel (PTX) (ICG-PTX NBs) and studied their applications in ultrasound imaging of prostate cancer as well as their therapeutic effects on prostate cancer when combined with UTND. ICG-PTX NBs were prepared by the mechanical oscillation method. The particle size and zeta potential of the ICG-PTX NBs were 469.5 ± 32.87 nm and -21.70 ± 1.22 mV, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading efficiency of ICG were 68% and 6.2%, respectively. In vitro imaging experiments showed that ICG-PTX NBs were highly amenable to multimodal imaging, including ultrasound, photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging, and the imaging effect was positively correlated with their concentration. The imaging effects of tumour xenografts also indicated that ICG-PTX NBs were of good use for multimodal imaging. In experiments testing the growth of PC-3 cells in vitro and tumour xenografts in vivo, the ICG-PTX NBs+US group showed more significant inhibition of cell proliferation and the promotion of cell apoptosis compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). Blood biochemical analysis of the six groups showed that the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), phenylalanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum creatinine (CRE) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in the ICG-PTX NBs and the ICG-PTX NBs+US groups were significantly lower than those in the PTX group (P < 0.05). Moreover, H&E staining of tissue sections from vital organs showed no obvious abnormalities in the ICG-PTX NBs and the ICG-PTX NBs+US groups. Conclusions: ICG-PTX NBs can be used as a non-invasive, pro-apoptotic contrast agent that can achieve multimodal imaging, including ultrasound, fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging, and can succeed in the local treatment of prostate cancer providing a potential novel method for integrated research on prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Data Driven Decision Making to Characterize Clinical Personas of Parents of Children with Cystic Fibrosis: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Szczesniak Rhonda , Pestian Teresa , Duan Leo L , Li Dan , Stamper Sophia , Ferrara Brycen , Kramer Elizabeth , Clancy John P , Grossoehme Daniel 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Beginning at a young age, children with cystic fibrosis (CF) embark on demanding care regimens that pose challenges to parents. We examined the extent to which clinical, demographic and psychosocial features inform patterns of adherence to pulmonary therapies and how these patterns can be used to develop clinical personas, defined as aspects of adherence barriers that are presented by parents and/or perceived by clinicians, in order to enhance personalized CF care delivery. Methods: We undertook an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study consisting of i) multivariate clustering to create clusters corresponding to parental adherence patterns (quantitative phase); ii) parental participant interviews to create clinical personas interpreted from clustering (qualitative phase). Clinical, demographic and psychosocial features were used in supervised clustering against clinical endpoints, which included adherence to airway clearance and aerosolized medications and self-efficacy score, which was used as a feature for modeling adherence. Clinical implications were developed for each persona by combing quantitative and qualitative data (integration phase). Results: The quantitative phase showed that the 87 parent participants were segmented into three distinct patterns of adherence based on use of aerosolized medication and practice of airway clearance. Patterns were primarily influenced by self-efficacy, distance to CF care center and child BMI percentile. The two key patterns that emerged for the self-efficacy model were most heavily influenced by distance to CF care center and child BMI percentile. Eight clinical personas were developed in the qualitative phase from parent and clinician participant feedback of latent components from these models. Findings from the integration phase include recommendations to overcome specific challenges with maintaining treatment regimens and increasing support from social networks. Conclusions: Adherence patterns from multivariate models and resulting parent personas with their corresponding clinical implications have utility as clinical decision support tools and capabilities for tailoring intervention study designs that promote adherence. Trial registration: Not applicable.
Identification of fruit size associated quantitative trait loci featuring SLAF based high-density linkage map of goji berry (Lycium spp.)
Authors: Rehman Fazal , Gong Haiguang , Li Zhong , Zeng Shaohua , Yang Tianshun , Ai Peiyan , Pan Lizhu , Huang Hongwen , Wang Ying 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Goji (Lycium spp., 2n = 24) is a fruit bearing woody plant popular as a superfood for extensive medicinal and nutritional advantages. Fruit size associated attributes are important for evaluating small-fruited goji berry and plant architecture. The domestication traits are regulated quantitatively in crop plants but few studies have attempted on genomic regions corresponding to fruit traits.Results: In this study, we established high-resolution map using specific locus amplified fragment (SLAF) sequencing for de novo SNPs detection based on 305 F1 individuals derived from L. chinense and L. barbarum and performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of fruit size related traits in goji berry. The genetic map contained 3,495 SLAF markers on 12 LGs, spanning 1,649.03 cM with 0.47 cM average interval. Female and male parents and F1 individuals` sequencing depth was 111.85-fold and 168.72-fold and 35.80-fold, respectively. The phenotype data were collected for 2 successive years (2018-2019); however, two-year mean data were combined in an extra year (1819). Total 117 QTLs were detected corresponding to multiple traits, of which 78 QTLs in 2 individual years and 36 QTLs in extra year. 6 Promising QTLs (qFW10-6.1, qFL10-2.1, qLL10-2.1, qLD10-2.1, qLD12-4.1, qLA10-2.1) were discovered influencing fruit weight, fruit length and leaf related attributes covering an interval ranged from 27.32-71.59 cM on LG10 with peak LOD of 10.48 and 14.6% PVE. Three QTLs targeting fruit sweetness (qFS3-1, qFS5-2) and fruit firmness (qFF10-1) were also identified. Strikingly, various traits QTLs were overlapped on LG10, in particular, qFL10-2.1 was co-located with qLL10-2.1, qLD10-2.1 and qLA10-2.1 among stable QTLs, harbored tightly linked markers, while qLL10-1 was one major QTL with 14.21 highest LOD and 19.3% variance. As LG10 harbored important traits QTLs, we might speculate that it could be hotspot region regulating fruit size and plant architectures.Conclusions: This report highlights the extremely saturated linkage map using SLAF-seq and novel loci contributing fruit size-related attributes in goji berry. Our results will shed light on domestication traits and further strengthen molecular and genetic underpinnings of goji berry; moreover, these findings would better facilitate to assemble the reference genome, determining potential candidate genes and marker-assisted breeding.
Intensive versus non-intensive statin pretreatment before percutaneous coronary intervention in Chinese patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yang Xian , Lan Xi , Zhang Xin-Lin , Han Zhong-Lin , Yan Si-Min , Wang Wen-Xiao , Xu Biao , Ge Wei-Hong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: The results of intensive statin pretreatment before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is inconsistent between Chinese and Western populations and there are no corresponding meta-analyses involving hard clinical end-points in the available published literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose statin loading before PCI in Chinese patients through a meta-analysis. Method: Relevant studies were identified by searching the electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane’s Library to December 2019. The outcomes included an assessment of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac death, target vessel revascularization (TVR), myalgia/myasthenia and abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in all enrolled patients. Results: 12 studies involving 3,183 individuals were included．The results showed statistically significant different in the incidence of MACE (RR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.30-0.80, P=0.004, I2=63%) and non-fatal MI (RR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.33-0.88, P= 0.01, I2=62%) on comparing the intensive statin and non-intensive statin treatment groups. Subgroup analysis further suggested the benefits of different treatments were inconsistent. Compared with preoperative intensive statin therapy, the incidence of MACE and non-fatal MI were significantly elevated in patients receiving placebo or no statin treatment before surgery (RR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.34-0.65, P<0.00001, I2=0%; RR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.35-0.70, P<0.0001, I2=0%). However, the incidence of MACE and non-fatal MI were not statistically significant when comparing preoperative high-intensity statin therapy with moderate-intensity statin therapy (RR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.44-2.08, P=0.91, I2=11%; RR=1.10, 95% CI: 0.86-1.39, P=0.44). The study also demonstrated that the Asian population could tolerate high-intensity atorvastatin during the perioperative period. Conclusion: Compared with placebo or no statin pretreatment, Chinese patients receiving intensive statin therapy before PCI displayed reduced incidence of MACE and non-fatal MI. However, there was no significant benefit between high-intensity and moderate-intensity statin treatment. Further, the Chinese population tolerated well preoperative intensive statin pretretment.
The Development Trend of Primary Healthcare after Health Reform in China
Authors: Feng Jie , Gong Yanhong , Li Hui , Wu Jianxiong , Zhang Jia , Lu Zuxun , Zhang Guopeng , Yin Xiaoxv 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Re-constructing the primary healthcare system is the focus of the new round of Chinese health reform. Nevertheless, there have been few studies focusing on whether the role of primary healthcare in the health system is strengthened in China.Methods: The data of this study came from the China Health Statistical Yearbook (2009–2018). We evaluated the development of primary healthcare based on the absolute values of health resources allocation and health service provision, and evaluated the status of primary healthcare throughout the health system based on the composition ratios of the indicators across the health system.Results: From 2009 to 2018, the amounts of health resources allocation and health service provision of Chinese primary healthcare institutions showed a significant upward trend (P<0.001). However, compared the indicators in 2009, excepting for the proportion of grants from the government in the whole health system has an upward trend, the proportions of other indicators had an escalating trend in 2018 by 4.04% for practicing (assistant) physicians, by 2.55% for nurses, by 4.06% for total revenues , by 5.54% for beds, by 7.37% for outpatient visits.Conclusion: The primary healthcare system has developed rapidly, but its development speed lagged behind the entire health system, resulting in the weakening of its actual functions, which is not in line with the goal of health reform. The government should improve the awareness of the importance of primary healthcare at all levels of local governments and ensure adequate financial input.
Energy drink: the consumption prevalence, and awareness of its potential health implications among commercial drivers in the Ho Municipality of Ghana
Authors: Saku Emmanuella Yayra , Nuro-Ameyaw Peter , Amenya Priscilla Cecilia , Kpodo Fidelis Mawunyo , Amoafo Paul Esua , Kortei Nii Korley 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Consumption of energy drinks has become an escalating global public health problem. The work schedule and irregular sleeping habits of commercial bus drivers make them highly susceptible to getting fatigued, hence most of them consume energy drinks as a fatigue management strategy. However, consumption of energy drinks produces numerous psychomotor side effects that if consumed among drivers puts the traveling public in danger of road accidents. This study sought to assess the prevalence of energy drink consumption and awareness of associated potential health problems among commercial long-distance bus drivers operating from the Ho municipality.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study involving 132 participants who completed a structured questionnaire on the participants' socio-demographic characteristics, frequency of consumption and reasons for consumption. It also included questions to assess the knowledge of the ingredients and side effects of energy drinks.

Results

A majority (62.1%) of the drivers had more than 10 years of commercial driving experience. A 75% energy drink consumption prevalence was recorded with driving performance enhancement (78.8%) as the predominant reason for consumption. 7 - 10 bottles per week were consumed by most (32.2%) of the drivers with the most consumed brand being Rush energy drink (54.5%). Also, 72.0% had poor knowledge of the side effects linked with energy drink intake likewise the ingredients in them.

Conclusion

Energy drinks were consumed by the majority of the drivers at the Ho main bus terminal of which most of the drivers had poor knowledge of the potential health problems linked with the consumption of these drinks. The consumption of energy drinks was observed to be higher among the drivers with lower education levels, higher monthly income and those who worked long hours in a day. The Ghana National Road Safety Commission (GNRC) in collaboration with other private road transport unions in Ghana should organize regular seminars for commercial bus drivers on the potential dangers and effects associated with energy drink consumption.
Age estimation by pulp/tooth area ratio in upper canines: Cameriere’s method assessed and modified in a Polish population sample using digital panoramic radiography
Authors: Różyło-Kalinowska Ingrid , Kalinowski Paweł , Piskórz Magdalena , Namięta Natalie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Various methods are available to assess the age of a child. However, it is much more difficult to evaluate the age of an adult just on the basis of panoramic radiographs. Cameriere’s method based on measurement of pulp/tooth ratio is one of few methods that allows to determine the age of any human being. The aim of this study is to estimate the validation of the original method in a sample of the Polish population and to elaborate a population specific formula.Materials: Panoramic radiographs taken in the Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland were retrospectively selected for the study. The selection criteria involved a good quality panoramic radiograph with a free from any pathology upper right canine. The sample included 521 individuals (271 females and 250 males) aged from 18 to 70 years. After tracing and estimating the pulp/tooth area ratio (AR) a dental age was calculated. Afterwards, it has been compared with the chronological age of each patient. Regression models were developed for prediction of the chronological age. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica for Windows software (StatSoft).Results: The regression formula for the total group was as follows: age = 91.746 – 481.6 AR. The dental age calculated using these formulations highly correlated with the chronological age. Pearson’s correlation coefficient equalled - 0.844 for the whole group, r = - 0.873 in females and r = -0.815 in males. All correlations were statistically significant (t test p=0.00).Conclusions: Cameriere’s method can be used in evaluating the dental age in the adult Polish population using population specific formula.
Functional Gene Trap Mutagenesis Screen for Genes and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Amyloid-β-induced Inflammasome-mediated Neuronal Death
Authors: Yap Jeremy Kean Yi , Pickard Benjamin Simon , Gan Sook Yee , Chan Elaine Wan Ling 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized for its roles in AD pathogenesis which, in part, links amyloid-beta (Aβ) to neuronal death. While commonly associated with glial cells, neurons themselves are able to participate in neuroinflammation signalling, potentially leading to widespread neuronal suicide. The presence of the inflammasomes such as NLRP1 in neurons accelerates Aβ-induced neuroinflammation and has been shown to trigger neuronal pyroptosis in murine AD models. However, the pathways involved in Aβ activation of inflammasomes has yet to be elucidated, especially in humans. In this study, we utilized a gene trap mutagenesis phenotypic screen approach to uncover the genes and biological pathways involved in inflammasome signalling in neurons and how it contributed to Aβ-induced neuronal death.
Results

Aβ significantly accelerated neuroinflammatory cell death in the presence of primed inflammasome. The gene trap mutagenesis screen discovered genes related to mitochondria function and TGF-β signalling as significant contributors to Aβ-induced inflammasome-driven neuronal death. Additionally, genes associated with cytoskeletal reorganization were found to confer neuroprotection.
Conclusion

Our data presents a list of potentially important components of inflammasome signalling in neurons which makes promising therapeutic targets for future drug development against neuroinflammation in AD.
Factors influencing delivery of intersectoral actions to address infant stunting in Bogotá, Colombia – a mixed methods case study.
Authors: Botero-Tovar Natalia , Zuluaga Gina Paola Arocha , Varela Andrea Ramírez 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Intersectoral actions (ISA) are a recognized relationship between the health sector and other sectors to improve health outcomes. Although a frequent topic in public health, evidence for systematic evaluation of implementation of ISA is scarce. An intersectoral health intervention for infants under one-year-old with, and at risk of, stunting (low height-for-age) was developed by a public-private partnership in Bogotá, Colombia, during 2018 and 2019. Here we report a case study conducted in parallel to the intervention designed to assess factors that influenced implementation of the ISA. Methods The case study was developed using a concurrent mixed-methods design, with the qualitative component giving context to the quantitative results. The qualitative component was obtained from four workshops, three focal groups, and 17 semi-structured interviews with actors involved in the intersectoral intervention. The quantitative component was obtained with two questionnaires that evaluated perceptions on improvement and partnership functioning of the ISA. Results This study collected information from 122 participants. The intervention demanded intersectoral collaboration. Political will, motivated human resources, and recognition that health results from collaboration facilitated intersectoral actions. Intersectoral actions were limited by difficulties in engaging the health sector, communication challenges related to local health service decentralization, and administrative barriers. Conclusions Intersectoral actions have been recently discussed in the literature due to challenges on implementation, idealization, inconsistent demands, and doubts about economic outcomes. The implementation of intersectoral public health interventions can be jeopardized by a lack of coordination and management skills.
Psychological distress and associated factors related to COVID-19 pandemic among primary care physicians in Spain (STREPRIC study)
Authors: Ana Cebrián-Cuenca M , Mira Jose Joaquin , Caride-Miana Elena , Fernández-Jiménez Antonio , Orozco-Beltrán Domingo 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting people in all nations of the world. In Spain, the epidemic is being especially harsh. The lack of protective measures is a major concern and may have caused emotional stress to Primary Care Physicians (PCPs). The aim of the study was to address the sources of psychological distress among Spanish PCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods

Observational, cross sectional study. A questionnaire consisting of 24 expressions was answered by PCPs working in their family health care centers in Spain during COVID-19 pandemic. A specific scale (EASE scale) was used to determine psychological distress, recently validated in the context of this pandemic. A Multivariate Linear Regression analysis was performed.
Results

518 PCPs from different Spanish regions, participated in this survey. A total of 123 (23.7%) rated a high psychological distress score. Only half of PCPs received information about the appropriate use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). PCPs factors associated with higher levels of distress include female gender (1.69; CI 0.54, 2.84); Age (-0.43 (-0.61, 1.48)); working setting (rural) (0.84 (-0.34, 2.01)); lack of training in protective measures (1.96 (0.94, 2.99)). The absence of sick leave among colleagues, increased availability of PPEs, improved cleaning and hygiene conditions in health care centers facilities and the detection of COVID-19 RT-PCR for health care workers were associated with lower levels of distress.
Conclusions

One in four PCPs rated a high score for psychological distress. The availability of PEPs, training in their use, cleanliness and hygiene conditions in health care facilities and the availability of COVID-19 RT-PCR analyses for health workers, among others, are factors associated with the psychological distress of PCPs.
Use of the expanded Apgar score for the assessment of intraventricular and intraparenchymal haemorrhage risk in neonates
Authors: Agnieszka Góralska , Puskarz-Gąsowska Joanna , Bujnowski Paweł , Bokiniec Renata 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Preterm birth is a key factor contributing to haemorrhage incidence in neonates. This study focused on defining relevant parameters for the assessment of intraventricular and intraparenchymal haemorrhage risks in neonates.
Methods

Chi-square automatic interaction detection was used to analyse the Apgar score (AS), the Apgar max score, and the course of resuscitation documented according to the expanded AS in 696 infants born between 2009 and 2011 in the Neonatal and Intensive Care Department of the Medical University of Warsaw.
Results

Gestational age was the most relevant discriminating variable for the prediction of intraventricular and intraparenchymal haemorrhage incidences. Infants born before the 31st week of pregnancy made up 80% of the intraventricular or intraparenchymal haemorrhage cases. Additionally, a fraction of inspired oxygen > 0.8 at ten minutes after birth was a better discriminating variable in the youngest neonates than an Apgar max score ≤ 5, identifying 31.6% and 20.6% of infants with intraventricular and intraparenchymal haemorrhage, respectively.
Conclusions

Consideration of the oxygen concentration supplied during resuscitation significantly improves the prognosis of intraventricular and intraparenchymal haemorrhages in preemies compared to the use of the classical AS.