bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross‐sectional study of United States Academic‐clinical research collaborations: Characteristics, resources, benefits and outcomes
Authors: Albert Nancy M. , Chipps Esther , Klein Colleen J. , Briskin Isaac , Falkenberg Olson Ann C. , Liu Hand Linda , Harmon Michelle M. , Heitschmidt Mary , Talsma AkkeNeel 
Published: December 2020

AbstractAimsThe aims of the study were to compare characteristics, resources, benefits and outcomes of academic‐clinical collaborations of nursing researcher leaders from academic, clinical and joint‐employer sites.BackgroundFew research‐based publications addressed academic‐clinical research collaborations. New knowledge could increase nursing and multidisciplinary research productivity, including implementation science.DesignAn anonymous survey using a 40‐item questionnaire.MethodsInformation letters with a link to the questionnaire were emailed to United States nursing research leaders. Data were grouped by institution type: academic, clinical or joint‐employer. Analyses included Kruskal–Wallis tests for ordered responses, Pearson's chi‐square test or Fisher's exact test for categorical responses and Cohen's Kappa agreement statistic for expected and actual time devoted to research. STROBE guidelines were followed.ResultsOf 120 respondents from academic (n = 60; 50.0%), clinical (n = 53; 41.2%) and joint‐employer (n = 7; 5.8%) sites, 78.3%, 92.3% and 100%, respectively, were from metropolitan areas. Mean (SD) priority for active collaborations was higher at joint‐employer sites; p = .002. Clinical sites were more likely to have directors of evidence‐based practice (p = .031) and informatics (p = .008) and librarians (p = .029). Sites with collaborations were more likely to have access to research subjects (p = .008) and post‐award research account management (p = .045). By collaboration status, there were no differences in the number of ethics board‐approved studies. Collaborating site benefits were perceived to be executive leadership support (p = .003), greater research engagement by clinical nurses (p = .048), more co‐authored publications (p = .048) and more abstracts accepted at national meetings (p = .044). Despite more resources and perceived benefits, outcomes did not differ by collaboration status.ConclusionsSites with and without academic‐clinical research collaborations differed; however, outcomes were similar. Future efforts should focus on nurse scientist collaboration to address important clinical questions aimed at improving clinical outcomes.Relevance to Clinical PracticeDespite some successful outcomes, potential benefits of academic‐clinical research collaborations have not been fully actualised.
IDENTIFYING SHALLOW SUBSURFACE CHARACTERISTICS VIA COMPRESSIONAL TO SHEAR WAVES VELOCITY RATIO (VP/VS) FROM SEISMIC REFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Syukri Muhammad , M. Muztaza Nordiana , Ismail Nur Azwin , Fadhli Zul , Saad Rosli 
Published: December 2020

This study was conducted in Banda Aceh district by utilizing seismic refraction P- and S-waves methods on three similar profile lines, with the aim to identify subsurface characteristic. The seismic data were acquired using ABEM TERRALOC MK8 system with 28 Hz vertical and 6 Hz horizontal geophones, and suitable seismic sources. Software used for processing to produce 2-D tomography sections and interpretations are IXRefract, Microsoft Excel, SeisOpt@2D v6.0 and Surfer 8. The results show the study area comprises of four subsurface layers with strong to very strong relation between Vp and Vs (R2 is >0.7509) for each layer. Ratio value of Vp and Vs (Vp/Vs) for each layer (1st to 4th) was calculated to be 4.75 – 5.79; 6.50 – 8.89; 6.57 – 12.17 and 6.08 – 8.21 respectively. This study concluded that the ground subsurface in Banda Aceh district is made up of water saturated unconsolidated sediments that was identified to be a mixture of clay and silt at depth up to 55 m.
ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA DIVERSITY FROM ZINGIBERACEAE AND ANTICANDIDAL CHARACTERIZATION PRODUCED BY Pseudomonas helmanticensis
Authors: Sulistiyani Tri Ratna , Masrukhin Masrukhin , Purnaningsih Ismu , Pangihotan Napitupulu Toga , Budiyanto Agus , Kanti Atit , Sudiana I Made 
Published: December 2020

Endophytic microbes are sources for the novel antibiotic. We isolated endophytic bacteria from Zingiberaceae collected from West Sulawesi, Indonesia, and investigated their anticandidal activity. Molecular identification of the isolates was done using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The antimicrobial activity was tested against four bacteria and one yeast. The anticandidal compound of selected bacteria was extracted using three different solvents (chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol), and each fraction was tested for their anticandidal activity. Anticandidal minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined with concentration ranging from 300 to 18.75 μg/mL, and the morphology of the Candida cells after treatment was confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The identification of anticandidal compounds was conducted using GC-MS. A total of 24 isolates were collected from Zingiberaceae plants. There were 14 genera and 19 species belonging to Gammaproteobacteria (66.67%), Alphaproteobacteria (25.00%), Actinobacteria (4.17%), Bacteriodetes (4.17%), and a new record for Lelliottia aquatilis as an endophytic bacteria. One of 24 isolates identified as Pseudomonas helmanticensis isolated from Alpinia melichroa showed anticandidal activity. Ethyl acetate was the appropriate solvent to extract the anticandidal compounds. Diisooctyl phthalate was found as the most abundant compound in the extract for the anticandidal activity. An increase in extract concentration did not reduce the Candida cell number. The extract treatment showed membrane disruption of Candida albicans cells. We propose that active compounds from P. helmanticensis are potential as anticandidal sources and could be explored more for the pharmaceutical industry.
Human milk oligosaccharide DSLNT and gut microbiome in preterm infants predicts necrotising enterocolitis
Authors: Masi Andrea C , Embleton Nicholas D , Lamb Christopher A , Young Gregory , Granger Claire L , Najera Julia , Smith Daniel P , Hoffman Kristi L , Petrosino Joseph F , Bode Lars , Berrington Janet E , Stewart Christopher J 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveNecrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal disease primarily affecting preterm infants. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood: mother’s own breast milk (MOM) is protective, possibly relating to human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) and infant gut microbiome interplay. We investigated the interaction between HMO profiles and infant gut microbiome development and its association with NEC.DesignWe performed HMO profiling of MOM in a large cohort of infants with NEC (n=33) with matched controls (n=37). In a subset of 48 infants (14 with NEC), we also performed longitudinal metagenomic sequencing of infant stool (n=644).ResultsConcentration of a single HMO, disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT), was significantly lower in MOM received by infants with NEC compared with controls. A MOM threshold level of 241 nmol/mL had a sensitivity and specificity of 0.9 for NEC. Metagenomic sequencing before NEC onset showed significantly lower relative abundance of Bifidobacterium longum and higher relative abundance of Enterobacter cloacae in infants with NEC. Longitudinal development of the microbiome was also impacted by low MOM DSLNT associated with reduced transition into preterm gut community types dominated by Bifidobacterium spp and typically observed in older infants. Random forest analysis combining HMO and metagenome data before disease accurately classified 87.5% of infants as healthy or having NEC.ConclusionThese results demonstrate the importance of HMOs and gut microbiome in preterm infant health and disease. The findings offer potential targets for biomarker development, disease risk stratification and novel avenues for supplements that may prevent life-threatening disease.
Variations in knowledge, awareness and treatment of hypertension and stroke risk by country income level
Authors: O' Donnell Martin , Hankey Graeme J , Rangarajan Sumathy , Chin Siu Lim , Rao-Melacini Purnima , Ferguson John , Xavier Denis , Lisheng Liu , Zhang Hongye , Pais Prem , Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio , Damasceno Albertino , Langhorne Peter , Rosengren Annika , Dans Antonio L , Elsayed Ahmed , Avezum Alvaro , Mondo Charles , Smyth Andrew , Judge Conor , Diener Hans-Christoph , Ryglewicz Danuta , Czlonkowska Anna , Pogosova Nana , Weimar Christian , Iqbal Romana , Diaz Rafael , Yusoff Khalid , Yusufali Afzalhussein , Oguz Aytekin , Wang Xingyu , Penaherrera Ernesto , Lanas Fernando , Ogah Okechukwu Samuel , Ogunniyi Adensola , Iversen Helle K , Malaga German , Rumboldt Zvonko , Oveisgharan Shahram , AlHussain Fawaz , Daliwonga Magazi , Nilanont Yongchai , Yusuf Salim 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveHypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke globally. We hypothesised that country-income level variations in knowledge, detection and treatment of hypertension may contribute to variations in the association of blood pressure with stroke.MethodsWe undertook a standardised case-control study in 32 countries (INTERSTROKE). Cases were patients with acute first stroke (n=13 462) who were matched by age, sex and site to controls (n=13 483). We evaluated the associations of knowledge, awareness and treatment of hypertension with risk of stroke and its subtypes and whether this varied by gross national income (GNI) of country. We estimated OR and population attributable risk (PAR) associated with treated and untreated hypertension.ResultsHypertension was associated with a graded increase in OR by reducing GNI, ranging from OR 1.92 (99% CI 1.48 to 2.49) to OR 3.27 (2.72 to 3.93) for highest to lowest country-level GNI (p-heterogeneity<0.0001). Untreated hypertension was associated with a higher OR for stroke (OR 5.25; 4.53 to 6.10) than treated hypertension (OR 2.60; 2.32 to 2.91) and younger age of first stroke (61.4 vs 65.4 years; p<0.01). Untreated hypertension was associated with a greater risk of intracerebral haemorrhage (OR 6.95; 5.61 to 8.60) than ischaemic stroke (OR 4.76; 3.99 to 5.68). The PAR associated with untreated hypertension was higher in lower-income regions, PAR 36.3%, 26.3%, 19.8% to 10.4% by increasing GNI of countries. Lifetime non-measurement of blood pressure was associated with stroke (OR 1.80; 1.32 to 2.46).ConclusionsDeficits in knowledge, detection and treatment of hypertension contribute to higher risk of stroke, younger age of onset and larger proportion of intracerebral haemorrhage in lower-income countries.
Prognostic value of automated longitudinal strain measurements in asymptomatic aortic stenosis
Authors: Kitano Tetsuji , Nabeshima Yosuke , Negishi Kazuaki , Takeuchi Masaaki 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTwo-dimensional (2D) longitudinal strain (LS) predicts cardiac events in aortic stenosis (AS). However, it requires manual editing, which affects its accuracy and reliability. We investigated whether left ventricular (LV), left atrial (LA) and right ventricular (RV) LSs using fully automated 2D strain software provide useful prognostic information in asymptomatic AS.MethodsWe performed LS analyses in 340 asymptomatic patients with AS using novel, fully automated 2D strain analytical software (AutoStrain, Philips) to obtain LV global LS (LVGLS), LALS, RV free wall LS and RVLS. The primary end point was a composite of cardiac events, including cardiac death, heart failure hospitalisation, myocardial infarction or ventricular tachyarrhythmia.ResultsDuring a median of 24 months follow-up, 46 patients reached a primary end point. 62 patients had aortic valve surgery. All four LSs were significantly associated with the primary end point using univariate analysis (HR 0.821 to 0.951, p<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that LVGLS (HR 0.873 to 0.888, p<0.05) remained significantly associated with cardiac events, even after adjusting haemodynamic measures of AS severity and LV ejection fraction. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed median values of both LVGLS (cut-off: 15.1%) and LALS (cut-off: 22.3%) provide a significant difference in cardiac event rate (3-year event-free rate; LVGLS: 89% vs 76%, p=0.002; LALS: 89% vs 76%, p=0.001). Classification and regression-tree analysis, including four LSs, clinical characteristics and traditional echocardiographic parameters, selected LVGLS and E/ε’ for stratifying a high-risk group of patients with cardiac events.ConclusionsFully automated 2D LS analysis, especially LVGLS provides useful prognostic information in asymptomatic AS.
Dysfunction of VIPR2 leads to myopia in humans and mice
Authors: Zhao Fuxin , Li Qihang , Chen Wei , Zhu He , Zhou Dengke , Reinach Peter Sol , Yang Zhenglin , He Mingguang , Xue Anquan , Wu Deng , Liu Tianzi , Fu Qian , Zeng Changqing , Qu Jia , Zhou Xiangtian 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundMyopia is the leading cause of refractive errors. As its pathogenesis is poorly understood, we determined if the retinal VIP-VIPR2 signalling pathway axis has a role in controlling signalling output that affects myopia development in mice.MethodsAssociation analysis meta-study, single-cell transcriptome, bulk RNA sequencing, pharmacological manipulation and VIPR2 gene knockout studies were used to clarify if changes in the VIP-VIPR2 signalling pathway affect refractive development in mice.ResultsThe SNP rs6979985 of the VIPR2 gene was associated with high myopia in a Chinese Han cohort (randomceffect model: p=0.013). After either 1 or 2 days’ form deprivation (FD) retinal VIP mRNA expression was downregulated. Retinal single-cell transcriptome sequencing showed that VIPR2 was expressed mainly by bipolar cells. Furthermore, the cAMP signalling pathway axis was inhibited in some VIPR2+ clusters after 2 days of FD. The selective VIPR2 antagonist PG99-465 induced relative myopia, whereas the selective VIPR2 agonist Ro25-1553 inhibited this response. In Vipr2 knockout (Vipr2-KO) mice, refraction was significantly shifted towards myopia (p<0.05). The amplitudes of the bipolar cell derived b-waves in 7-week-old Vipr2-KO mice were significantly larger than those in their WT littermates (p<0.05).ConclusionsLoss of VIPR2 function likely compromises bipolar cell function based on presumed changes in signal transduction due to altered signature electrical wave activity output in these mice. As these effects correspond with increases in form deprivation myopia (FDM), the VIP-VIPR2 signalling pathway axis is a viable novel target to control the development of this condition.
Differential effect of mechanical thrombectomy and intravenous thrombolysis in atrial fibrillation associated stroke
Authors: Akbik Feras , Alawieh Ali , Cawley C Michael , Howard Brian M , Tong Frank C , Nahab Fadi , Saad Hassan , Dimisko Laurie , Mustroph Christian , Samuels Owen B , Pradilla Gustavo , Maier Ilko , Goyal Nitin , Starke Robert M , Rai Ansaar , Fargen Kyle M , Psychogios Marios N , Jabbour Pascal , De Leacy Reade , Giles James , Dumont Travis M , Kan Peter , Arthur Adam S , Crosa Roberto Javier , Gory Benjamin , Spiotta Alejandro M , Grossberg Jonathan A 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) associated ischemic stroke has worse functional outcomes, less effective recanalization, and increased rates of hemorrhagic complications after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Limited data exist about the effect of AF on procedural and clinical outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy (MT).ObjectiveTo determine whether recanalization efficacy, procedural speed, and clinical outcomes differ in AF associated stroke treated with MT.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of the Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry (STAR) from January 2015 to December 2018 and identified 4169 patients who underwent MT for an anterior circulation stroke, 1517 (36.4 %) of whom had comorbid AF. Prospectively defined baseline characteristics, procedural outcomes, and clinical outcomes were reported and compared.ResultsAF predicted faster procedural times, fewer passes, and higher rates of first pass success on multivariate analysis (p<0.01). AF had no effect on intracranial hemorrhage (aOR 0.69, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.12) or 90-day functional outcomes (aOR 1.17, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.50) after MT, although patients with AF were less likely to receive IVT (46% vs 54%, p<0.0001).ConclusionsIn patients treated with MT, comorbid AF is associated with faster procedural time, fewer passes, and increased rates of first pass success without increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage or worse functional outcomes. These results are in contrast to the increased hemorrhage rates and worse functional outcomes observed in AF associated stroke treated with supportive care and or IVT. These data suggest that MT negates the AF penalty in ischemic stroke.
Variation in oral microbiome is associated with future risk of lung cancer among never-smokers
Authors: Hosgood H Dean , Cai Qiuyin , Hua Xing , Long Jirong , Shi Jianxin , Wan Yunhu , Yang Yaohua , Abnet Christian , Bassig Bryan A , Hu Wei , Ji Bu-Tian , Klugman Madelyn , Xiang Yongbing , Gao Yu-Tang , Wong Jason YY , Zheng Wei , Rothman Nathaniel , Shu Xiao-Ou , Lan Qing 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo prospectively investigate whether diversity in oral microbiota is associated with risk of lung cancer among never-smokers.Design and settingA nested case–control study within two prospective cohort studies, the Shanghai Women’s Health Study (n=74 941) and the Shanghai Men’s Health Study (n=61 480).ParticipantsLifetime never-smokers who had no cancer at baseline. Cases were subjects who were diagnosed with incident lung cancer (n=114) and were matched 1:1 with controls on sex, age (≤2 years), date (≤30 days) and time (morning/afternoon) of sample collection, antibiotic use during the week before sample collection (yes/no) and menopausal status (for women).Main outcomes and measuresMetagenomic shotgun sequencing was used to measure the community structure and abundance of the oral microbiome in pre-diagnostic oral rinse samples of each case and control. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association of lung cancer risk with alpha diversity metrics and relative abundance of taxa. The Microbiome Regression-Based Kernel Association Test (MiRKAT) evaluated the association between risk and the microbiome beta diversity.ResultsSubjects with lower microbiota alpha diversity had an increased risk of lung cancer compared with those with higher microbial alpha diversity (Shannon: ptrend=0.05; Simpson: ptrend=0.04; Observed Species: ptrend=0.64). No case–control differences were apparent for beta diversity (pMiRKAT=0.30). After accounting for multiple comparisons, a greater abundance of Spirochaetia (ORlow1.00 (reference), ORmedium0.61 (95% CI 0.32 to 1.18), ORhigh0.42 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.85)) and Bacteroidetes (ORlow1.00 (reference), ORmedium0.66 (95% CI 0.35 to 1.25), ORhigh0.31 (95% CI 0.15 to 0.64)) was associated with a decreased risk of lung cancer, while a greater abundance of the Bacilli class (ORlow1.00 (reference), ORmedium1.49 (95% CI 0.73 to 3.08), ORhigh2.40 (95% CI 1.18 to 4.87)) and Lactobacillales order (ORlow1.00 (reference), ORmedium2.15 (95% CI 1.03 to 4.47), ORhigh3.26 (95% CI 1.58 to 6.70)) was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.ConclusionsOur prospective study of never-smokers suggests that lower alpha diversity was associated with a greater risk of lung cancer and the abundance of certain specific taxa was associated with altered risk, providing further insight into the aetiology of lung cancer in the absence of active tobacco smoking.
Attitudes of smokers towards tobacco control policies: findings from the Studying Tobacco users of Pakistan (STOP) survey
Authors: Siddiqi Kamran , Siddiqui Faraz , Boeckmann Melanie , Islam Ziauddin , Khan Amina , Dobbie Fiona , Khan Zohaib , Kanaan Mona 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundPublic attitude is a political driver in successful implementation of tobacco control policies. We assessed support for a range of tobacco control policies among smokers in Pakistan.MethodsWe conducted a household survey among adult smokers in 10 cities of Pakistan, using a two-stage random sampling strategy to select households and Kish grid method to select one smoker per household. Attitudes were measured using a five-point ordinal scale on four policy statements: a complete ban on tobacco sale within 10 years; raising the legal age to buy tobacco from 18 to 21; increasing tobacco taxes to fund healthcare and a ban on smoking in cars with minors.Results6014 participants were interviewed between September 2019 and March 2020. Most participants demonstrated strong support for all policy statements: a ban on smoking in cars with minors (86.5%); a complete ban on tobacco sale within 10 years (82.1%); raising the legal age to buy tobacco (77.9%) and increasing tobacco taxes (68.1%). Smokers’ support for tobacco control policies increased with age but decreased with higher educational attainment and heaviness of smoking.ConclusionsThere is strong support among smokers in Pakistan to strengthen tobacco control. Given this, policy-makers should strongly consider strengthening existing national policies on tobacco control.
Revisiting the tax treatment of bidis in India
Authors: Goodchild Mark , Munish Vineet Gill , Sinha Praveen , Tullu Fikru Tesfaye , Paul Jeremias 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundBidi use remains an intractable public health problem for India. This is partly due to the informal nature of the bidi supply chain, including tax exemptions for small producers. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of making all bidis subject to duty and Goods and Services Tax. Although this may require legislative changes and incur some extra administrative costs, the net benefits would include greater oversight of the supply chain as well as increased tax revenues and reduced consumption.MethodsWe use a form of gap analysis (the difference between duty paid and total bidi consumption) to estimate the number of tax-exempt bidis. We then use local evidence on the price elasticity of demand for bidis to assess the impact of eliminating these exemptions on the price and consumption of presently tax-exempt bidis.FindingsTotal bidi consumption is estimated at 400 billion sticks per annum, including 275 billion duty paid sticks and 125 billion duty exempt sticks. Removing the small producer exemptions would increase the price of currently exempt bidis by INR4.6/pack. Total bidi consumption would decrease by 6% and the number of smokers would decrease by 2.2 million adults. This would bring the rate of bidi smoking down from 7.7% to 7.5%, while generating INR14.8 billion in tax revenues.ConclusionsEliminating India’s tax exemptions for small bidis producers would make a significant contribution to tobacco control, both directly by reducing the number of smokers and indirectly by plugging a loophole in the supply chain.