bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating geophysical survey and excavation at the Freston Early Neolithic causewayed enclosure, Suffolk (UK)
Authors: Schofield Tim , Carter Tristan , Jackson Nathaniel , Moir Rose 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA 2019 geophysical survey of part of the 8.55‐ha Freston interrupted ditch system (Suffolk), which integrated reconnaissance fluxgate gradiometry with earth resistance meter techniques, produced a fine‐grained geo‐spatial resolution site plan to undertake a pilot‐study research excavation. The features targeted comprised four ditch termini of the enclosure, with the aim being to test the long‐established hypothesis that the monument represented an Early Neolithic causewayed enclosure. Although the geophysical survey successfully located the ditch termini and linear trends indicative of the internal palisade trench, the magnetic data in particular further suggested the presence of numerous pit‐like anomalies both within and outside of the enclosure. The combined survey data also detailed for the first time an approximately 70‐m‐long curvilinear low‐resistance ditch‐like anomaly that appears to precede the interrupted ditch system. The working hypothesis is that this represents a ditch flanking a long barrow, a type of communal Early Neolithic mortuary monument that typically predate the construction of causewayed enclosures across southern Britain. The subsequent 6‐week excavation achieved its aims by recovering diagnostic Early Neolithic (earlier 4th millennium cal BC) material culture from the ditch fills.
Favorable response to immunotherapy in a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor with temozolomide‐induced high tumor mutational burden
Authors: Cao Yanshuo , Ma Yutong , Yu Jiangyuan , Sun Yu , Sun Tingting , Shao Yang , Li Jie , Shen Lin , Lu Ming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNeuroendocrine neoplasm of the pancreas is a rare tumor with limited treatment options. Among such tumors, treatment for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET) G3 is the most difficult. Temozolomide (TMZ) is commonly used to treat PanNET. However, TMZ may cause tumor gene alkylation, which induces drug resistance and rapid disease progression. Herein, we present a case of a female who was diagnosed with PanNET G3 and achieved a partial response to toripalimab, an anti‐programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (anti‐PD‐L1) monoclonal antibody, after multiple cycles of TMZ treatment. Genomic profiling revealed that compared with the patient's samples collected at baseline, the post‐TMZ‐treatment samples had markedly higher levels of tumor mutational burden (TMB) associated with characteristic alkylating mutational signature representing a positive correlation with favorable response to anti‐PD‐1 treatment. In addition, we observed a germline truncating mutation of MUTYH (W156*) that was considered to be pathogenic and potentially conferred to genomic instability. This case suggests that anti‐PD‐1 therapy could be a treatment option for PanNET patients with increased TMB after TMZ‐based treatment.
Smoking status before and after colorectal cancer diagnosis and mortality in Korean men: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Jang Doeun , Choe Sunho , Park Ji Won , Jeong Seung‐Yong , Shin Aesun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundSmoking is a well‐known risk factor for colorectal cancer incidence; however, the effect of smoking before and after cancer diagnosis on mortality has not been addressed well. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the association of prediagnosis and postdiagnosis smoking status and mortality among colorectal cancer patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort consisted of 37,079 male colorectal cancer patients. Smoking status was defined from information within 2 years of colorectal cancer diagnosis for prediagnosis and at least 1 year later for postdiagnosis. The prediagnostic and postdiagnostic smoking status were categorized into four groups (nonsmoker/nonsmoker, nonsmoker/smoker, smoker/nonsmoker, and smoker/smoker). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsDuring a median of 6.3 years of follow‐up, a total of 3980 deaths and 2137 deaths from colorectal cancer occurred. The number of prediagnosis smokers were 11,100 and 62.4% of them quitted smoking after the diagnosis. Significantly elevated mortality rate in prediagnosis smokers was observed regardless of postdiagnosis smoking status (smoker/nonsmoker [HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.20–1.41] and smoker/smoker [HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.09–1.34]). Among patients treated with surgical operation only, those who quit smoking after diagnosis showed lower mortality rates compared to continual smokers (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67–0.96).ConclusionsSmoking before cancer diagnosis rather than postdiagnosis has stronger impact on prognosis colorectal cancer patients, and quitting smoking may improve survival, especially among early stage colorectal cancer patients.
The mental health impact of parole on families of indeterminate‐sentenced prisoners in England and Wales
Authors: Straub Christina , Annison Harry 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe indeterminate sentence of Imprisonment for Public Protection (IPP), was created in England and Wales in 2003. After its abolition in 2012, many IPP‐prisoners have become stuck in the prison system, facing considerable problems of sentence progression. The extant literature makes clear that the uncertainty and hopelessness caused by the indeterminacy of the IPP sentence are compounded by the negative impacts experienced by families and others providing support to people serving these sentences.AimsThe mental strains caused for family members by the IPP sentence were examined. Of particular interest is the role and weight of the parole process experience, and its potential mental and physiological health impact on families.MethodsThis article draws on findings from two qualitative research projects conducted with families of prisoners serving the IPP sentence in England and Wales. Their experiences will be examined by reference to literature on the mental health impact of indeterminate sentences on prisoners and their families and the wider literature on the symbiotic harms of imprisonment for families. The aim was to add to this by focusing on families' experiences of cumulative stress caused by the sentence.FindingsWe demonstrate that the IPP parole process exerts specific weight and mental strains on family members occupying the negative end of the stress spectrum. Drawing on a body of neuroscientific, neuroendocrinological and criminological literature, we argue that these mental health impacts on families may represent a public health risk in need of practical and policy mitigation.ImplicationsThere is a pressing need for recognition of what are often hidden symbiotic harms experienced by families of people sentenced to IPP. Families require more information as well as considerably greater practical and emotional support on an institutional and communal level.
Aminopolysiloxane as Cu2O Photocathode Overlayer: Photocorrosion Inhibitor and Low Overpotential CO2‐to‐formate Selectivity Promoter
Authors: Galante Miguel T. , Santiago Patrícia V. B. , Yukuhiro Victor Y. , Silva Leonardo A. , Dos Reis Natália A. , Pires Cléo T. G. V. M. T. , Macedo Nadia G. , Costa Luelc S. , Fernandez Pablo S. , Longo Claudia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractCu2O, a photoactive p‐type semiconductor based on earth‐abundant elements, shows promising features for photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (PEC CO2RR). However, despite the broad light absorption and appropriate conduction band edge energy, it promptly undergoes photocorrosion in PEC CO2RR conditions. Herein, we evaluate an amine‐functionalized polysiloxane (AF−PSi) as both protective layer and PEC CO2RR promoter via amine‐CO2 adduct formation. Electrochemistry experiments and X‐ray diffraction showed that photostability is significantly enhanced with AF−PSi overlayer. Electrolyses experiments under visible light irradiation indicated selective production of formate with faradaic efficiency of 61 % at low overpotential. Detailed in situ FTIR studies revealed that amine groups bind to CO2 to form carbamate species and that this process is favoured by cathodic polarization, confirming the dual role of AF−PSi layer.
Ethanol Steam Reforming on CexMyO2 (M: Cu, Zn, and Mn) Solid Solution Catalysts
Authors: Sohrabi Soheila , Irankhah Abdullah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe effects of Cu, Zn, and Mn on CeO2 in ethanol steam reforming for hydrogen production were evaluated. Solid solution catalysts were analyzed by Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller method, X‐ray diffraction, temperature‐programmed reduction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray. CeMn oxide showed the highest conversion and hydrogen yield. The entrance of Mn to the ceria lattice could enhance the catalyst reducibility. An increase of the Ce/Mn ratio led to high methane selectivity. Mn conducted the reaction to more CO2 generation and was also an effective metal for ethanol steam reforming reaction by adsorbing steam and the ability of oxygen mobility. Ce0.3Mn0.7 oxide provided moderate ethanol conversion and hydrogen yield. The catalyst exhibited higher conversion but lower hydrogen yield by adding Ni.
Large‐eddy simulation of downhole flow: The effects of flow and rotation rates
Authors: Borges Jonatas Emmanuel , Padilla Elie Luis Martínez , Lourenço Marcos Antonio Souza , Micallef Christopher 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe present paper concerns large‐eddy simulations of turbulent downhole flow for six Reynolds numbers and five Taylor numbers. Swirl parameter within the range (0‐0.98), which compares the effects of the rotation and the flow rates, was evaluated. In this work, the fluid is injected through the drill pipe and then accelerated by the nozzle. As the fluid discharges from the nozzle, a high speed jet is generated in the downhole region, the fluid then impinges the bottomhole surface and finally flows out the downhole region through the annulus. The nozzle is represented by a sudden contraction. The dynamic sub‐grid scale model has been used to calculate the turbulent viscosity. The immersed boundary method is employed to represent the solid walls of the proposed geometry. Coherent structures appear as spiral rolls into the nozzle and their inclination angles depend on the rotational speed. When the rotational speed increases, these structures are more aligned with the tangential direction. Due to the geometry of the problem, a toroidal vortex takes place and it grows as the Reynolds number increases. The magnitude of the velocity fluctuations increase in the jet region and near the sidewall with increasing flow rate; it also increased in the jet region with increasing rotational speeds. The impact force and the peak pressure on the impacted surface increases with increasing flow rates. Good agreement of the impact force with other works supports the present work methodology.
Multispecies genotype × environment interaction for turfgrass quality in five turfgrass breeding programs in the southeastern United States
Authors: Gouveia Beatriz Tomé , Rios Esteban Fernando , Nunes José Airton Rodrigues , Gezan Salvador A. , Munoz Patricio R. , Kenworthy Kevin E. , Unruh J. Bryan , Miller Grady L. , Milla‐Lewis Susana R. , Schwartz Brian M. , Raymer Paul L. , Chandra Ambika , Wherley Benjamin G. , Wu Yanqi , Martin Dennis L. , Moss Justin Q. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn breeding programs, superior parental genotypes are used in crosses to generate novel genetic variability for new selection cycles. Genotypes are usually more adapted to environments where the breeding program is located, since selections are performed under specific agroecosystems. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of bermudagrass (Cynodon Rich. species), St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze], seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.), and zoysiagrass (Zoysia Willd. species) breeding lines from five different breeding programs (North Carolina State University, Oklahoma State University, Texas A&M University System, University of Florida, and University of Georgia) across the southeastern United States. Three breeding nurseries for each species were evaluated for 2 yr at eight locations: Citra and Hague, FL; College Station and Dallas, TX; Griffin and Tifton, GA; Stillwater, OK; and Jackson Springs, NC. Turfgrass quality (TQ) was evaluated (rated on a 1–9 scale) across repeated measurements over time. Data were analyzed using mixed models, and principal component analyses were performed using predicted genotypic values. The narrowest range in variation for TQ performance was observed in seashore paspalum breeding lines, whereas greater variation was observed for St. Augustinegrass and zoysiagrasses. St. Augustinegrass presented the lowest genotype × environment interaction in all nurseries. Specific adaptability was not observed for the lines developed by different breeding programs, with the exception of the bermudagrass lines from Oklahoma State University in Nursery 3.
Mass cytometry analysis of blood immune cells from psoriasis patients on biological therapy
Authors: Solberg Silje Michelsen , Aarebrot Anders Krogh , Sarkar Irene , Petrovic Aleksandra , Sandvik Lene Frøyen , Bergum Brith , Jonsson Roland , Bryceson Yenan Troy , Appel Silke 
Published: November 2020

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic immune‐mediated skin disease accompanied by systemic inflammation and comorbidities. We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the search for immune signatures and biomarkers related to psoriasis severity and treatment effect. Thirty‐two patients with psoriasis and 10 matched healthy controls were included. PBMCs were collected before and after initiation of anti‐TNF, anti‐IL‐17 or anti‐IL‐12/23 treatment and analyzed utilizing 26‐parameter mass cytometry. The number of circulating Th17, Th22, Th9, and cytotoxic T cells were increased in severe psoriasis. Intracellular pp38 and pERK in T helper cells were associated with disease severity. Differences between responders and nonresponders regarding cell composition and intracellular signaling were identifiable already at inclusion. Biological treatment induced memory cells, restored inhibitory PD‐1 function of T cells, and reduced a potential pro‐atherogenic profile in monocytes. In conclusion, these results indicate amelioration of systemic inflammation in psoriasis after biological treatment. Such broad immune profiling may enable prospective stratification of patients regarding future treatment response. Successful early intervention may lead to a healthier trajectory with favorable implications on later comorbidities.
Physicochemical Properties of Palm Oil‐Based Puff Pastry Model Margarines Related to Their Baking Performance in Long‐Term Storage
Authors: Detry Roxane , Van Hoed Vera , Sterckx Jérôme , Deledicque Catherine , Sato Kiyotaka , Blecker Christophe , Danthine Sabine 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDeveloping trans‐free alternative fat solutions suitable for specific applications remains a challenge in edible fats and other domains. This is particularly true for palm oil‐based puff pastry margarines, which suffer from post crystallization problems, leading to dramatic loss of functionality. This research is aimed at investigating the influence of triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions of palm oil‐based puff pastry margarines on the physical properties of the fat crystal network, which determine the functionality of such products. Three model puff pastry margarines are produced at pilot scale under the same crystallization conditions. They share the same fatty acid composition and close solid fat content (SFC) profiles, whereas the proportions of major TAG (tripalmitoylglycerol (PPP), 1,3‐di‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoylglycerol (POP), 1,2‐di‐palmitoyl‐3‐oleoylglycerol (PPO), 1,2‐dioleoyl‐3‐palmitoylglycerol (POO)) are different. Polymorphism, melting profile, hardness, microscopic structures, and baking performance (puffing effect) of the model fats are examined during a period of 6 months. The following results are obtained: 1) The TAG composition significantly influences the post crystallization processes occurring in palm oil‐based margarines. 2) High amounts of POP show negative influences. 3) The proportions of POP, PPO, and PPP should be carefully balanced to prevent detrimental crystal network rearrangements, leading to textural modifications (hardness increase) and significant reduction in baking performance.Practical Applications : The results presented in this work could be helpful for edible fat products developers, especially for roll‐in fat applications. This research provides an overview of the relevant properties to study for the assessment of puff pastry margarine functionality. It also highlights the importance of ensuring long‐term stability of palm oil‐based fat products. Finally, it emphasizes that certain combinations of fat materials should be avoided to maintain the quality of palm oil‐based puff pastry margarines.
Improving the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons production from fast pyrolysis of biomass over Fe‐modified ZSM‐5 catalysts
Authors: Sun Laizhi , Wang Zhibin , Chen Lei , Yang Shuangxia , Xie Xinping , Zhao Baofeng , Si Hongyu , Li Jian , Hua Dongliang 
Published: November 2020

SummaryFe‐modified ZSM‐5 (Fe/ZMS‐5) catalysts were prepared and used during catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass (CFP) to achieve high yields of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) and inhibit the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The catalytic effects on the yield and selectivity of aromatic hydrocarbons (aromatics) under various reaction conditions were evaluated. Under the optimal reaction conditions at 600°C and mass ratio of catalyst to biomass (catalyst/biomass) of 10/1, the 15 wt% Fe/ZMS‐5 catalyst displayed the highest productions of MAHs and PAHs with the values of 212.2 mg and 94.5 mg per gram biomass, corresponding to the MAHs selectivity of 69.2%, which were significantly higher than those obtained over ZSM‐5 alone. The origins of aromatic hydrocarbons were explored by CFP of three typical components of biomass. Combined the characterization and reaction performance of catalysts, the catalytic mechanisms of Fe/ZSM‐5 catalyst for biomass pyrolysis to produce aromatic hydrocarbons were put forward.
Quantification of permafrost creep provides kinematic evidence for classifying a puzzling periglacial landform
Authors: Hu Yan , Liu Lin , Wang Xiaowen , Zhao Lin , Wu Tonghua , Cai Jialun , Zhu Xiaofan , Hao Junming 
Published: November 2020

AbstractMechanical processes operating on the slope surface or at depth control the dynamics of alpine landforms and hold critical information of their geomorphological characteristics, yet they often lack systematic quantification and in‐depth interpretation. This study aims to address a long‐standing issue concerning geomorphological classification from a kinematic perspective. A group of periglacial landforms consisting of several lobes were discovered in the East Kunlun Mountains of China 30 years ago but were ambiguously classified as rock glaciers and later as gelifluction deposits. Here, we use satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar to quantitatively characterize the spatial and temporal changes of the surface movement of these landforms. We observe that: (1) its 17 lobes show a pattern of landform‐scale and uniform surface movement, especially during May to October; (2) the lobes move at a spatial mean downslope velocity of 10 to 60 cm/yr and a maximum velocity as high as 100 cm/yr in summer; (3) the landforms are nearly inactive from winter to late spring. Based on these observations, we postulate that the movement of the lobes are driven by deep‐seated permafrost creep which typically occurs in rock glaciers. The debris of Lobe No.4 is composed of both boulders and pebbles supported by fine‐grained matrix generated from the in situ weathering process. It develops a talus‐like oversteepened front around 40° and a convex transverse profile perpendicular to the creep direction, which are also characteristic features of a rock glacier. Piecing these observations together, we identify Lobe No.4 as a debris‐mantled‐slope‐connected rock glacier, with the gelifluction process occurring on the surface as small‐scale and discrete events. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent advances in smooth muscle tumors with PGR and PLAG1 gene fusions and myofibroblastic uterine neoplasms
Authors: Chiang Sarah 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUterine epithelioid and myxoid leiomyosarcomas and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors are rare mesenchymal neoplasms. Next‐generation sequencing recently detected novel PGR fusions in uterine epithelioid leiomyosarcomas that demonstrate characteristic rhabdoid and spindled morphology. PLAG1 gene fusions have also been identified in a subset of myxoid leiomyosarcomas and are associated with PLAG1 overexpression. ALK rearrangements underpin the vast majority of uterine inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors, which demonstrate morphologic, and immunohistochemical features similar to those of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors elsewhere. This review summarizes the morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic features of PGR fusion‐positive epithelioid leiomyosarcoma, PLAG1 fusion‐positive myxoid leiomyosarcoma, and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the uterus.
Essay for the Rosarium Philosophicum on Electrochemistry Electrochemical Analysis – What it was, is, and Possibly will be
Authors: Scholz Fritz 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this essay a survey of the development of electrochemical analysis is given for the last two hundred years. It is shown that the great breakthroughs in this discipline were not predictable, as in all other sciences. The two centuries have led to an enormous diversification of electroanalytical techniques and analytical targets for which electroanalytical techniques can be applied most beneficially. Maintaining the experimental and theoretical expertise as part of the chemistry curricula at Universities is identified as a main task, now and in future.
Arrests and indictments of corporate insiders, ownership structure, and corporate governance: Evidence from Korea
Authors: Kim Jaemin , Kim Joon‐Seok 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe find evidence that higher insider ownership is significantly associated with lower incidences of insider arrests and indictments in the Korean stock market for the period of 2000 through 2015. This evidence is robust to different measures of insider ownership: Cash flow rights, control rights, wedge, and managerial ownership. Our findings are consistent with the view that the larger ownership combined with longer tenure of corporate insiders, while potentially entrenching insiders, extend the time horizon of these insiders so that they have stronger incentives to minimize the incidences of severe and serious corporate crimes, as reflected in insider arrests and indictments, that can substantially harm long‐term firm value.