bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production economics: comparing hybrid tree-length with whole-tree harvesting methods
Authors: Soman Harikrishnan , Kizha Anil Raj , Muñoz Delgado Bethany , Kenefic Laura S , Kanoti Keith 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Felled trees with tops and branches are transported to the landing with a grapple skidder in conventional ground-based whole-tree (WT) harvesting. This method has greater potential to damage advance regeneration than those in which trees are processed at-stump. Hybrid tree-length (Hyb TL) harvesting using an stroke-boom delimber for in-woods processing might be a feasible alternative, but little is known about the production economics of this method. An experimental strip-cutting study was conducted in central Maine, US in the winter of 2018 to: (1) evaluate and compare operational productivity and costs of ground-based Hyb TL and WT methods; (2) identify factors influencing productivity of at-stump and at-landing log processing; and (3) calculate best management practice (BMP) implementation costs in WT harvesting. Time-motion data were recorded for operational phases such as felling, extraction, processing, sorting and loading; machine rates were calculated to determine productivity and costs of operations. Total cost of Hyb TL (US $17.01 m−3) was lower than that of WT ($18.38 m−3). Processing cost was lower at-stump than at-landing ($2.66 and $2.73 m−3 for Hyb TL and WT, respectively). This is likely due to fewer logs handled per cycle at-landing (1.2 logs per turn) compared to the number handled per cycle at-stump (1.4 logs per turn). Sensitivity analysis showed that a 30-m increase in average in-woods distance travelled by the delimber would result in a 41 per cent increase in the processing cost. Cost of BMP implementation in WT was $2.25 m−3 or $59.2 per productive machine hour. Results suggest that it is feasible to apply Hyb TL method in an industrial harvesting operation, though distance of in-woods delimber movement influences processing costs. Insights from this study will help forest managers and loggers efficiently plan and execute harvesting operations.
Transanal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: a multicentric cohort study
Authors: Kang Liang , Chen Yuan-Guang , Zhang Hao , Zhang Hong-Yu , Lin Guo-Le , Yang Ying-Chi , Chen Wen-Hao , Luo Shuang-Ling , Chen Ning , Tong Wei-Dong , Shen Zhan-Long , Xiong De-Hai , Xiao Yi , Zhang Zhong-Tao , Wang Jian-Ping 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) has recently emerged as a promising novel surgical procedure for rectal cancer. It is believed to hold the potential advantage of providing better access to mobilize the distal rectum and achieving better pathologic results. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of taTME for rectal cancer and summarize the preliminary experience in 10 Chinese hospitals.

Methods
A total of 211 patients were enrolled in this study. Variables for evaluation of safety, feasibility, and oncologic outcomes were retrospectively collected and analysed.

Results
The median distance between the tumor and the anal verge was 5.9 cm (range, 1.5–12 cm). The median operating time was 280 min (range, 70–600 min) and the median estimated intra-operative blood loss was 50 mL (range, 10–1,500 mL). The overall rate of complication was 27.9%. Among the 211 patients, 175 (82.9%) had complete TME and 33 (15.6%) had near complete TME. The circumferential resection margin was negative in 97.7% of patients. The patients were followed for a median of 35 months (range, 2–86 months). There was 7.6% (16) mortality, 6.2% (13) had local recurrence, and 12.8% (27) had systemic recurrence. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that 1-, 2-, and 3-year disease-free survival rates were 94.8%, 89.3%, and 80.2%, respectively, and 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates were 97.4%, 95.7%, and 92.9%, respectively.

Conclusions
Although limited by its retrospective nature, taTME was safe and feasible in selected patients. Future work with rigorous data recording is warranted.
Strive to Win or Not to Lose? Age-Related Differences in Framing Effects on Effort-Based Decision-Making
Authors: Byrne Kaileigh A , Ghaiumy Anaraky Reza 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
This study sought to assess how framing effects modulate age-related differences in effort-based decision-making. Consistent with the selection, optimization, and compensation (SOC) model’s loss prevention account of aging, we predicted that older adults would be more willing to select high-effort options in loss contexts than gain contexts.

Method
Older and younger adults completed the effort expenditure for rewards task (EEfRT) in either a gain or loss context. The EEfRT is an effort-based decision-making paradigm in which participants choose between a low-effort, “easy” option and a high-effort, “hard” option for several trials. The probability and value of an outcome varies on a trial-by-trial basis.

Results
The results supported our prediction and the SOC model. Older adults chose more high-effort, difficult options in loss frames than gain frames. Older adults also chose more low-effort, easy options than younger adults in gain contexts, but did not differ from younger adults in loss contexts.

Discussion
These findings demonstrate that framing effects impact older adults’ effort-based decisions. Older adults appear willing to incur a greater “cost” in the form of effort to prevent a loss than to attain a reward.
Noise-based passive ballistic wave seismic monitoring on an active volcano
Authors: Takano Tomoya , Brenguier Florent , Campillo Michel , Peltier Aline , Nishimura Takeshi 
Published: October 2019

SUMMARY
Monitoring temporal changes of volcanic interiors is important to understand magma, fluid pressurization and transport leading to eruptions. Noise-based passive seismic monitoring using coda wave interferometry is a powerful tool to detect and monitor very slight changes in the mechanical properties of volcanic edifices. However, the complexity of coda waves limits our ability to properly image localized changes in seismic properties within volcanic edifices. In this work, we apply a novel passive ballistic wave seismic monitoring approach to examine the active Piton de la Fournaise volcano (La Réunion island). Using noise correlations between two distant dense seismic arrays, we find a 2.4 per cent velocity increase and −0.6 per cent velocity decrease of Rayleigh waves at frequency bands of 0.5–1 and 1–3 Hz, respectively. We also observe a −2.2 per cent velocity decrease of refracted P waves at 550 m depth at the 6–12 Hz band. We interpret the polarity differences of seismic velocity changes at different frequency bands and for different wave types as being due to strain change complexity at depth associated with subtle pressurization of the shallow magma reservoir. Our results show that velocity changes measured using ballistic waves provide complementary information to interpret temporal changes of the seismic properties within volcanic edifices.
EQsimu: a 3-D finite element dynamic earthquake simulator for multicycle dynamics of geometrically complex faults governed by rate- and state-dependent friction
Authors: Liu Dunyu , Duan Benchun , Luo Bin 
Published: October 2019

SUMMARY
We develop a finite element dynamic earthquake simulator, EQsimu, to model multicycle dynamics of 3-D geometrically complex faults. The fault is governed by rate- and state-dependent friction (RSF). EQsimu integrates an existing finite element code EQdyna for the coseismic dynamic rupture phase and a newly developed finite element code EQquasi for the quasi-static phases of an earthquake cycle, including nucleation, post-seismic and interseismic processes. Both finite element codes are parallelized through Message Passing Interface to improve computational efficiency and capability. EQdyna and EQquasi are coupled through on-fault physical quantities of shear and normal stresses, slip-rates and state variables in RSF. The two-code scheme shows advantages in reconciling the computational challenges from different phases of an earthquake cycle, which include (1) handling time-steps ranging from hundredths of a second to a fraction of a year based on a variable time-stepping scheme, (2) using element size small enough to resolve the cohesive zone at rupture fronts of dynamic ruptures and (3) solving the system of equations built up by millions of hexahedral elements.
EQsimu is used to model multicycle dynamics of a 3-D strike-slip fault with a bend. Complex earthquake event patterns spontaneously emerge in the simulation, and the fault demonstrates two phases in its evolution. In the first phase, there are three types of dynamic ruptures: ruptures breaking the whole fault from left to right, ruptures being halted by the bend, and ruptures breaking the whole fault from right to left. As the fault bend experiences more ruptures, the zone of stress heterogeneity near the bend widens and the earthquake sequence enters the second phase showing only repeated ruptures that break the whole fault from left to right. The two-phase behaviours of this bent fault system suggest that a 10° bend may conditionally stop dynamic ruptures at the early stage of a fault system evolution and will eventually not be able to stop ruptures as the fault system evolves. The nucleation patches are close to the velocity strengthening region. Their sizes on the two fault segments are different due to different levels of the normal stress.
Transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve implantation: reports of the first 50 cases from a Latin American Centre
Authors: da Costa Leonardo Paim Nicolau , Palma José Honório , Barbosa Ribeiro Henrique , Sampaio Roney Orismar , Viotto Guilherme , Medeiros Santos Romullo , Freitas Tenório Davi , Saito Victor Tadami , Egypto Rosa Vitor Emer , Pinho Moreira Luiz Felipe , Tarasoutchi Flavio , Pomerantzeff Pablo Maria , Biscegli Jatene Fabio 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to analyse the initial results of the first 50 transapical transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve procedures performed in a single Latin American centre.

METHODS
A prospective, single centre, database analysis was conducted to evaluate immediate, 30-day and 1-year postoperative results of 50 consecutive patients who had a transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve procedure from May 2015 to June 2018. All patients were operated on in a hybrid operating room and received a balloon-expandable valve via the transapical approach. Preoperative and postoperative characteristics were analysed and compared between the first 25 and the second 25 patients to evaluate the impact of the learning curve. Twenty patients had a follow-up examination at 1 year.

RESULTS
There was a 98% device success rate. The patients had a mean age of 64.8 years; 72% were women; 80% were in New York Heart Association functional class ≥III preoperatively; and 36% of the procedures were urgent. The mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons scores and EuroSCORE II were 8.3% and 12.4%, respectively. Patients had a median of 2 previous operations; valve durability was 12.1 years; and 64% mitral valve disease of rheumatic fever aetiology. Echocardiography showed decreases in the maximum and mean mitral gradients from 23.5 to 14.6 and 11.5 to 6.4 mmHg postoperatively; the overall mean hospitalization period was 15 days. The overall mortality rate at 30 days was 14%, with 1 intraprocedural death. Further subanalyses between the first and the second half of the cases showed a drop in the mortality rate from 20% to 8% (P &lt; 0.01).

CONCLUSION
The transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve procedure was shown to be a safe and effective procedure to treat bioprosthetic dysfunction, with potential benefits in patients with rheumatic disease.
Rank Growth of Elliptic Curves in Non-Abelian Extensions
Authors: Lemke Oliver Robert J , Thorne Frank 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Given an elliptic curve $E/\mathbb{Q}$, it is a conjecture of Goldfeld that asymptotically half of its quadratic twists will have rank zero and half will have rank one. Nevertheless, higher rank twists do occur: subject to the parity conjecture, Gouvêa and Mazur constructed $X^{1/2-\epsilon }$ twists by discriminants up to $X$ with rank at least two. For any $d\geq 3$, we build on their work to consider the rank growth of $E$ in degree $d$ $S_d$-extensions of $\mathbb{Q}$ with discriminant up to $X$. We prove that there are at least $X^{c_d-\epsilon }$ such fields where the rank grows, where $c_d$ is a positive constant that tends to $1/4$ as $d\to \infty $. Moreover, subject to a suitable parity conjecture, we obtain the same result for fields for which the rank grows by at least two.
Patterns, influencing factors and mediating effects of smartphone use and problematic smartphone use among migrant workers in Shanghai, China
Authors: Wang Fan , Lan Yukun , Li Jiang , Dai Junming , Zheng Pinpin , Fu Hua 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
With the popularization of smartphones in China, the conditions of smartphone use (SU) and problematic smartphone use (PSU) among migrant workers are unknown. This study explored the patterns and influencing factors of SU and PSU in migrant workers in Shanghai, China. Furthermore, the mediation effects of PSU in the link between SU and some psychological factors were also examined.

Methods
Questionnaires containing the Mobile Phone Addiction Index, Patient Health Questionnaire, World Health Organization Five-item Well-being Index and other items, including demographics, sleep quality, job stress and SU, were distributed to 2330 migrant workers by trained investigators in six districts of Shanghai from June to September 2018.

Results
Of the 2129 returned questionnaires, 2115 were valid. SU and PSU varied according to certain demographics. Many demographics, psychological factors, sleep quality and main smartphone applications were influencing factors for SU and PSU. PSU played a mediating role in the link between daily SU time and psychological factors, including depression, mental health and job stress.

Conclusions
The health influences of SU and PSU on migrant workers in Shanghai merit significant attention. Additionally, it is necessary to develop and target intervention strategies according to the workers’ various characteristics and SU patterns.
Implementing a course-based undergraduate research experience to grow the quantity and quality of undergraduate research in an animal science curriculum1
Authors: Jones Cassandra K , Lerner Annie B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Undergraduate research involves experiential learning methods that helps animal science students gain critical thinking skills. There is high demand for these opportunities. For example, 77.9% of incoming freshmen in the Department of Animal Sciences & Industry at Kansas State University in Fall 2017 and Fall 2018 planned to conduct research sometime during their undergraduate career (422 of 542 students). Conventional, one-on-one mentoring methods in the department were only serving 1.7% of the undergraduate population (21 of 1,212 students). This creates a unique challenge of increasing the number of undergraduate research opportunities, while maintaining the impact of individualized experiential learning. One method to address this challenge is the incorporation of a course-based research program. In this model, research projects are conducted during a conventional semester during scheduled classroom hours, with project components divided into 3 sections: (1) research preparation, including compliance requirements, hypothesis testing, experimental design, and protocol development; (2) data collection; and (3) data interpretation and dissemination. Students collect data as a team, but individually develop their own research abstract and poster to maintain a high level of experiential learning. By teaching multiple sections of this course per semester and incorporating the concepts into existing laboratories, 13.5% of students in the department completed undergraduate research in the 2018–2019 academic year (162 of 1,197 students). To monitor the quality of these experiences, student critical thinking ability was assessed using the online Critical Thinking Basic Concepts & Understanding Test (Foundation for Critical Thinking, Tomales, CA). Undergraduate research experiences increased (P = 0.028) the growth in student critical thinking score, but the type of research experience did not influence assessed skills (P > 0.281). Thus, course-based undergraduate research experiences may be an option for growing the quantity and quality of undergraduate research experience in animal science.
Sustained maternal inflammation during the early third-trimester yields intrauterine growth restriction, impaired skeletal muscle glucose metabolism, and diminished β-cell function in fetal sheep1,2
Authors: Cadaret Caitlin N , Merrick Elena M , Barnes Taylor L , Beede Kristin A , Posont Robert J , Petersen Jessica L , Yates Dustin T 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Maternal inflammation causes fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), but its impact on fetal metabolism is not known. Thus, our objective was to determine the impact of sustained maternal inflammation in late gestation on fetal inflammation, skeletal muscle glucose metabolism, and insulin secretion. Pregnant ewes were injected every third day from the 100th to 112th day of gestation (term = 150 d) with saline (controls) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce maternal inflammation and IUGR (MI-IUGR). Fetal femoral blood vessels were catheterized on day 118 to assess β-cell function on day 123, hindlimb glucose metabolic rates on day 124, and daily blood parameters from days 120 to 125. Fetal muscle was isolated on day 125 to assess ex vivo glucose metabolism. Injection of LPS increased (P &lt; 0.05) rectal temperatures, circulating white blood cells, and plasma tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) concentrations in MI-IUGR ewes. Maternal leukocytes remained elevated (P &lt; 0.05) and TNFα tended to remain elevated (P &lt; 0.10) compared with controls almost 2 wk after the final LPS injection. Total white blood cells, monocytes, granulocytes, and TNFα were also greater (P &lt; 0.05) in MI-IUGR fetuses than controls over this period. MI-IUGR fetuses had reduced (P &lt; 0.05) blood O2 partial pressures and greater (P &lt; 0.05) maternofetal O2 gradients, but blood glucose and maternofetal glucose gradients did not differ from controls. Basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion were reduced (P &lt; 0.05) by 32% and 42%, respectively, in MI-IUGR fetuses. In vivo hindlimb glucose oxidation did not differ between groups under resting conditions but was 47% less (P &lt; 0.05) in MI-IUGR fetuses than controls during hyperinsulinemia. Hindlimb glucose utilization did not differ between fetal groups. At day 125, MI-IUGR fetuses were 22% lighter (P &lt; 0.05) than controls and tended to have greater (P &lt; 0.10) brain/BW ratios. Ex vivo skeletal muscle glucose oxidation did not differ between groups in basal media but was less (P &lt; 0.05) for MI-IUGR fetuses in insulin-spiked media. Glucose uptake rates and phosphorylated-to-total Akt ratios were less (P &lt; 0.05) in muscle from MI-IUGR fetuses than controls regardless of media. We conclude that maternal inflammation leads to fetal inflammation, reduced β-cell function, and impaired skeletal muscle glucose metabolism that persists after maternal inflammation ceases. Moreover, fetal inflammation may represent a target for improving metabolic dysfunction in IUGR fetuses.
Effects of Silica-Based CimeXa and Drione Dusts Against Lone Star Tick (Ixodida: Ixodidae) on Cattle
Authors: Showler Allan T , Harlien Jessica L 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIxodid ticks vector pathogens of humans, livestock, and wildlife, and occur in tropical and temperate regions worldwide. We used the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Ixodida: Ixodidae), as a model for other ixodid species, including the southern cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) (Ixodida: Ixodidae). We assessed the lethality of CimeXa, an inert silica-based desiccant dust, and Drione, a silica-based desiccant dust with pyrethrin and piperonyl butoxide (PBO), against A. americanum larvae and nymphs on calves. CimeXa was highly lethal to larvae released onto shaved calf skin 72–96 h previously, and moderately toxic to nymphs. It did not affect immature life stages treated after they began feeding because desiccation was offset by ingestion of blood. Being inert, CimeXa can protect cattle from infestation before feeding occurs for a potentially indefinite period of time. Drione killed immatures within 24 h when released on treated skin and when applied to feeding ixodids because of the pyrethrin and PBO (PBO will also reduce resistance to pyrethrin if it develops). When CimeXa was applied to calves with the hair intact, ≈90% and ≈70% of A. americanum larvae and nymphs, respectively, were killed within 24 h and Drione killed 100% of each life stage. Drione also prevented and drastically reduced egg production and hatching. While CimeXa protects against infestation by immatures, Drione will also control ticks that are feeding. When pyrethrin and PBO in Drione eventually degrade, the silica aerogel carrier can continue to protect against infestation indefinitely.
An insight into the extragalactic transient and variable microJy radio sky across multiple decades
Authors: Radcliffe Jack F , Beswick Robert J , Thomson A P , Garrett Michael A , Barthel Peter D , Muxlow Thomas W B 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The mJy variable extragalactic radio sky is known to be broadly non-changing with approximately $3{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of persistent radio sources exhibiting variability that is largely active galactic nucleus-related (AGN). In the faint (<mJy) flux density regime, it is widely accepted that the radio source population begins to change from AGN dominated to star formation dominated, together with an emergent radio-quiet AGN component. Very little is known about the variable source component in this sub-mJy regime. In this paper, we provide the first insight into the μJy variable sky by performing a careful analysis using the deep VLA data in the well-studied GOODS-N field. Using five epochs spread across 22 yr, we investigate approximately 480 radio sources finding 10 that show signs of variability. We attribute this variability to the presence of an AGN in these systems. We confirm and extend the results of previous surveys, finding that variability in the faint radio sky is rather modest with only ≤2 per cent of sources exhibiting significant variability between any two epochs. We find that 70 per cent of variable sources show variability on time-scales of a few days while on longer decadal time-scales, the fraction of variable sources decreases to $\lt 1{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$. This suggests that the radio variability peaks on shorter time-scales as suggested by other studies. We find that 80 per cent of variable sources have VLBI counterparts, and we use multiwavelength data to infer that these may well be core-dominated FR-I sources as postulated by the wide-field VLBI surveys and semi-empirical simulations.