bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining ‘Integration’ for Total Worker Health®: A New Proposal
Authors: Punnett Laura , Cavallari Jennifer M , Henning Robert A , Nobrega Suzanne , Dugan Alicia G , Cherniack Martin G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The effects of work and the conditions of employment on health behaviors and intermediate health conditions have been demonstrated, to the extent that these relationships should be addressed in efforts to prevent chronic disease. However, conventional health promotion practice generally focuses on personal risk factors and individual behavior change. In an effort to find solutions to the myriad of health challenges faced by the American workforce, the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) established the Total Worker Health® (TWH) program. Originally organized around the paradigm of integrating traditional occupational safety and health protections with workplace health promotion, TWH has evolved to a broader emphasis on workplace programs for enhancing worker safety, health, and well-being. Among the research programs and approaches developed by investigators at NIOSH Centers of Excellence for TWH and elsewhere, definitions of ‘integration’ in workplace interventions vary widely. There is no consensus about which organizational or individual outcomes are the most salient, how much to emphasize organizational contexts of work, or which program elements are necessary in order to qualify as ‘Total Worker Health’. Agreement about the dimensions of integration would facilitate comparison of programs and interventions which are self-defined as TWH, although diverse in content. The specific criteria needed to define integration should be unique to that concept—i.e. distinct from and additive to conventional criteria for predicting or evaluating the success of a workplace health program. We propose a set of four TWH-specific metrics for integrated interventions that address both program content and process: (i) coordination and interaction of workplace programs across domains; (ii) assessment of both work and non-work exposures; (iii) emphasis on interventions to make the workplace more health-promoting; and (iv) participatory engagement of workers in pivotal ways during intervention prioritization and planning to develop self-efficacy in addressing root causes, skill transfer, building program ownership, empowerment, and continuous improvement. Thus we find that integration requires organizational change, both to engage two managerial functions with different goals, legal responsibilities, and (often) internal incentives & resources, and also to orient the organization toward salutogenesis. Examples from research activity within the Center for the Promotion of Health in the New England Workplace illustrate how these criteria have been applied in practice.
Length of hospital stay and mortality associated with burns from assault: a retrospective study with inverse probability weighting analysis
Authors: Yamamoto Ryo , Toyosaki Mitsunobu , Kurihara Tomohiro , Sasaki Junichi 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Burns resulting from assaults account for considerable morbidity and mortality among patients with burn injuries around the world. However, it is still unclear whether unfavorable clinical outcomes are associated primarily with the severity of the injuries. To elucidate the direct relationship between burns resulting from assaults and mortality and/or length of hospital stays, we performed this study with the hypothesis that burns from assault would be independently associated with fewer hospital-free days than would burns from other causes, regardless of the severity of burn injuries.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study, using a city-wide burn registry (1996–2017) accounting for 14 burn centers in Tokyo, Japan. Patients who arrived within 24 hours after injury were included, and those with self-inflicted burn injuries were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups according to mechanism of burns (assault vs. accident), and the number of hospital-free days until day 30 after injury (a composite of in-hospital death and hospital length of stay) was compared between the groups. To estimate the probability that an injury would be classified as an assault, we calculated propensity scores, using multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for known outcome predictors. We also performed an inverse probability weighting (IPW) analysis to compare adjusted numbers of hospital-free days.

Results
Of 7419 patients in the registry with burn injuries during the study period, 5119 patients were included in this study. Of these, 113 (2.2%) were injured as a result of assault; they had significantly fewer hospital-free days than did those with burns caused by accident (18 [27] vs. 24 [20] days; coefficient = $-$3.4 [$-$5.5 to $-$1.3] days; p = 0.001). IPW analyses similarly revealed the independent association between assault burn injury and fewer hospital-free days (adjusted coefficient = $-$0.6 [$-$1.0 to $-$0.1] days; p = 0.009).

Conclusions
Burn from assault was independently associated with fewer hospital-free days, regardless of the severity of burn injuries. The pathophysiological mechanism underlying the relationship should be further studied in a prospective observational study.
Chronology of Practice: Chinese Practice in Private International Law in 2018
Authors: He Qisheng 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This paper contains materials reflecting the practice of Chinese practice in private international law in 2018. First, the statistics of the foreign-related civil or commercial cases decided by Chinese courts is extracted from the Report on the Work of the Supreme People’s Court (SPC) in 2018. Second, the SPC judicial interpretation concerning the enforcement of arbitral awards is translated, and the interpretation reflects a pro-arbitration tendency in Chinese courts. Third, six cases, on the validity of a choice of court clause, the conflict of laws issues regarding personal injury on the high seas, visitation rights and uncontested divorces, as well as the recognition of foreign judgments, are noted. Fourth, the paper introduces a case embodying the “one-stop” international commercial dispute resolution mechanism in Chinese courts. Finally, the paper also covers six representative decisions regarding the parties’ status, the presumption of the parties’ intention as to choice of law, and the validity of arbitration agreements.
Evidence of multifaceted functions of codon usage in translation within the model beetle Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Whittle Carrie A , Kulkarni Arpita , Extavour Cassandra G 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Synonymous codon use is non-random. Codons most used in highly transcribed genes, often called optimal codons, typically have high gene counts of matching tRNA genes (tRNA abundance) and promote accurate and/or efficient translation. Non-optimal codons, those least used in highly expressed genes, may also affect translation. In multicellular organisms, codon optimality may vary among tissues. At present, however, tissue specificity of codon use remains poorly understood. Here, we studied codon usage of genes highly transcribed in germ line (testis and ovary) and somatic tissues (gonadectomized males and females) of the beetle Tribolium castaneum. The results demonstrate that: (i) the majority of optimal codons were organism-wide, the same in all tissues, and had numerous matching tRNA gene copies (Opt-codon↑tRNAs), consistent with translational selection; (ii) some optimal codons varied among tissues, suggesting tissue-specific tRNA populations; (iii) wobble tRNA were required for translation of certain optimal codons (Opt-codonwobble), possibly allowing precise translation and/or protein folding; and (iv) remarkably, some non-optimal codons had abundant tRNA genes (Nonopt-codon↑tRNAs), and genes using those codons were tightly linked to ribosomal and stress-response functions. Thus, Nonopt-codon↑tRNAs codons may regulate translation of specific genes. Together, the evidence suggests that codon use and tRNA genes regulate multiple translational processes in T. castaneum.
Reproductive Site Selection: Evidence of an Oviposition Cue in a Highly Adaptive Dipteran, Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Tait Gabriella , Park Kyoo , Nieri Rachele , Crava M Cristina , Mermer Serhan , Clappa Elena , Boyer Gabriella , Dalton Daniel T , Carlin Silvia , Brewer Linda , Walton Vaughn M , Anfora Gianfranco , Rossi-Stacconi M Valerio 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is a vinegar fly species that originates from Eastern Asia and has spread throughout Europe and the Americas since its initial detection in United States in 2008. Its relatively large, sclerotized, and serrated ovipositor enables the ability to penetrate ripening fruits, providing a protected environment for its egg and larval stages. Because the mechanism of oviposition site selection of D. suzukii is a matter of hypothesis, the aim of the present study was to elucidate behavioral and chemical aspects of short-range ovipositional site selection within the context of D. suzukii reproductive biology. The preference of D. suzukii to lay eggs on artificially pierced, previously infested, or intact fruits was tested. Video recordings and photographic evidence documented the release of an anal secretion over the fruit surface near the oviposition sites. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of 11 compounds detected only on the skin of egg-infested berries. Electroantennographic experiments with both sexes of D. suzukii highlighted the importance of six volatile compounds: methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, myristic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, and palmitoleic acid. Finally, a synthetic blend composed of the six compounds in a ratio similar to that found on the skin of egg-infested berries increased the oviposition rate of conspecific females. Data from our work suggest that the identified volatiles are cues for reproductive site selection. We discuss how these oviposition cues may affect the fitness of D. suzukii. The knowledge gained from this study may accelerate establishment of control strategies based on the interference and disruption of D. suzukii communication during the oviposition processes.
Outcomes of bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt in patients younger than 4 months of age
Authors: Ota Noritaka , Tachibana Tsuyoshi , Asai Hidetsugu , Ikarashi Jin , Asou Toshihide , Izutani Hironori 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt (BCPS) has played an important role in the staged Fontan approach; however, the timing remains controversial, especially in younger patients. Therefore, we examined the outcomes of BCPS in infants younger than 3 months of age.

METHODS
From 2004 to 2018, 120 patients underwent BCPS at &lt;4 months of age (younger group). For reference, we also reviewed the data from 204 patients who had undergone the BCPS procedure during the same period at more than 4 months of age (older group).

RESULTS
The median age and body weight at the time of the BCPS were 102 days and 4.2 kg for the younger group versus 196 days and 6.3 kg for the older group, respectively. Forty-eight patients (14.8%, 48 of 324; 16 in the younger group, 32 in the older group) had primary BCPS; the remaining 276 (104 in younger group, 172 in older group) had various forms of single-ventricle palliation before the BCPS procedure. Although preoperatively, 7 patients required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support due to haemodynamic instability, they were successfully weaned from ECMO through haemodynamic benefits after BCPS. The 10-year actual survival rate (Kaplan–Meier) was 89% in the younger group and 86% in the older group (P = 0.55). Atrioventricular valve regurgitation (AVVR) was identified as a factor associated with hospital deaths in the younger group (P = 0.009), and much older age at BCPS was associated with late deaths in the older group (P = 0.027).

CONCLUSIONS
In this study population, early performance of BCPS is applicable for patients who have undergone prior palliation and for those in whom primary BCPS is the first surgical intervention, even for patients with haemodynamic instabilities.
Effects of geographic location and water quality on bacterial communities in full-scale biofilters across North America
Authors: Ma Ben , LaPara Timothy M , N. Evans Ashley , Hozalski Raymond M 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Spatial patterns of bacterial community composition often follow a distance–decay relationship in which community dissimilarity increases with geographic distance. Such a relationship has been commonly observed in natural environments, but less so in engineered environments. In this study, bacterial abundance and community composition in filter media samples (n = 57) from full-scale rapid biofilters at 14 water treatment facilities across North America were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA gene, respectively. Bacteria were abundant on the filter media (108.8±0.3 to 1010.7±0.2 16S rRNA gene copies/cm3 bed volume) and the bacterial communities were highly diverse (Shannon index: 5.3 ± 0.1 to 8.4 ± 0.0). Significant inter-filter variations in bacterial community composition were observed, with weighted UniFrac dissimilarity values following a weak but highly significant distance–decay relationship (z = 0.0057 ± 0.0006; P = 1.8 × 10−22). Approximately 50% of the variance in bacterial community composition was explained by the water quality parameters measured at the time of media sample collection (i.e. pH, temperature and dissolved organic carbon concentration). Overall, this study suggested that the microbiomes of biofilters are primarily shaped by geographic location and local water quality conditions but the influence of these factors on the microbiomes is tempered by filter design and operating conditions.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Population Genomics: Use of the Gonococcal Core Genome to Improve Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Harrison Odile B , Cehovin Ana , Skett Jessica , Jolley Keith A , Massari Paola , Genco Caroline Attardo , Tang Christoph M , Maiden Martin C J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Gonorrhea, caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, is a globally prevalent sexually transmitted infection. The dynamics of gonococcal population biology have been poorly defined due to a lack of resolution in strain typing methods.

Methods
In this study, we assess how the core genome can be used to improve our understanding of gonococcal population structure compared with current typing schemes.

Results
A total of 1668 loci were identified as core to the gonococcal genome. These were organized into a core genome multilocus sequence typing scheme (N gonorrhoeae cgMLST v1.0). A clustering algorithm using a threshold of 400 allelic differences between isolates resolved gonococci into discrete and stable core genome groups, some of which persisted for multiple decades. These groups were associated with antimicrobial genotypes and non-overlapping NG-STAR and NG-MAST sequence types. The MLST-STs were more widely distributed among core genome groups.

Conclusions
Clustering with cgMLST identified globally distributed, persistent, gonococcal lineages improving understanding of the population biology of gonococci and revealing its population structure. These findings have implications for the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in gonococci and how this is associated with lineages, some of which are more predisposed to developing antimicrobial resistance than others.
Validation Study of LuciPacTM A3 Surface for Hygiene Monitoring through Detection of ATP, ADP, and AMP from Stainless Steel Surfaces: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 051901
Authors: Bakke Mikio , Sakurai Kenta , Tanaka Natsumi , Saito Wataru , Nishimoto Kazunori 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
The LuciPac A3 Surface Hygiene Monitoring System based on the detection of total adenylate, ATP+ADP+AMP (A3), has been developed by Kikkoman Biochemifa.

Objective
This A3 swabbing assay kit was validated for Performance Tested MethodsSM (PTM) certification.

Methods
The LuciPac A3 Surface Hygiene Monitoring System was evaluated for limit of detection (LOD) for each adenylate with pure analyte solutions, detection of food residues and microbial residues on stainless steel surfaces, interference by disinfectants, and selectivity of the method response.

Results
Pure analyte studies performed by the method developer and the independent laboratory showed good linearity (R2 &gt; 0.9854) and repeatability precision (RSDr &lt; 20% for ≥2.5 fmol/assay). The LOD values for each adenylate were around 10 relative light units or 2.5 fmol/assay. The repeatability precision in the method developer laboratory for the matrix study (raw chicken breast, sliced deli ham, orange juice, yogurt, and apple pie) and the microbial study (Cronobacter sakazakii, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were 8-30% and 10-35%, respectively. The repeatability precision of independent laboratory testing was 13-27% for orange juice and 16-43% for ham. Interference by several disinfectants indicate that rinsing is recommended to be performed after the use of sanitizing agents and before testing with LuciPac A3 Surface. Selectivity testing revealed that no positive interference and no inhibition were caused by adenylate analogues. Instrument variation, lot-to-lot consistency, accelerated stability (30°C, 5 weeks) were confirmed, and the method was shown to be robust against shaking time.

Conclusions
The LuciPac A3 Surface has been successfully validated.

Highlights
This A3 swabbing assay kit was qualified for PTM certification No. 051901.
Phytogenic actives supplemented in hyperprolific sows: effects on maternal transfer of phytogenic compounds, colostrum and milk features, performance and antioxidant status of sows and their offspring, and piglet intestinal gene expression
Authors: Reyes-Camacho David , Vinyeta Ester , Pérez Jose Francisco , Aumiller Tobias , Criado Lourdes , Palade Laurentiu Mihai , Taranu Ionelia , Folch Josep M , Calvo M Angels , Van der Klis Jan Dirk , Solà-Oriol David 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Phytogenic actives (PA) are plant-derived natural bioactive compounds that may promote livestock health and well-being, as well as improve growth performance and production efficiency. The current study aims to evaluate their effects on sows and their offspring. Eighty-one hyperprolific sows (up to parity 7) were assigned to 3 experimental treatments. Control sows were offered a nonsupplemented diet during gestation and lactation, and treated sows were fed the control diet supplemented with 1 g/kg of a blend of PA (BPA) in lactation (L) or during gestation and lactation (GL). An evaluation was made of placental and milk maternal transfer of these BPA and colostrum–milk features, sows and piglets antioxidant status, reproductive performance (litter size), body weight (BW) changes, weaning-estrus interval, and litter performance. Finally, piglet´s jejunum gene expression was measured. The BPA supplementation during gestation (GL) increased the number of piglets born alive (P = 0.020) and reduced (P &lt; 0.05) the newborn piglets BW, while there were no differences among treatments on the suckling (day 20) and weaned (day 7) piglets BW (P &gt; 0.05). Dietary phytogenic volatile compounds reached GL placental fluid, and milk of L and GL sows (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, colostrum protein in GL and milk fat content in L and GL were increased (P &lt; 0.05). Milk of GL showed inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus (P &lt; 0.05). Antioxidant status of GL sows showed an enhanced (P &lt; 0.05) of catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity levels at early gestation (day 35), whereas higher levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzymes at late gestation (day 110). Likewise, GL newborn piglets showed higher CAT levels, whereas both CAT and SOD levels in suckling piglets, as well as CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px in weaned piglets, were increased in L and GL (P &lt; 0.05). Jejunum messenger ribonucleic acid abundance of suckling piglets in L and GL groups showed overexpression of barrier function MUC2, digestive enzyme IDO, and immune response PPARGC-α, TNF-α, TGF-β1, and IL-10 genes (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, dietary BPA supplementation in hyperprolific sows increased the litter size (born alive) and improved the composition and bioactivity of colostrum and milk, besides, modified the antioxidant status of sows and their offspring, as well as the suckling piglets gut health gene expression. Several BPA volatile compounds were prenatal and postnatal maternally transferred (placental fluid and milk).
Differential Effect of Genetic Burden on Disease Phenotypes in Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis in a Canadian Cohort
Authors: Pang Jack X Q , Kheirkhahrahimabadi Hengameh , Bindra Sunint , Bindra Gurmeet , Panaccione Remo , Eksteen Bertus , Kaplan Gilaad G , Nasser Yasmin , Beck Paul L , Jijon Humberto B 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) demonstrate considerable phenotypic heterogeneity and course. Accurate predictors of disease behaviour are lacking. The contribution of genetics and specific polymorphisms is widely appreciated; however, their cumulative effect(s) upon disease behaviour remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the relationship between genetic burden and disease phenotype in a Canadian inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Cohort.

Methods
We retrospectively examined a cohort of CD and UC patients recruited from a single tertiary referral center genotyped using a Goldengate Illumina platform. A genetic risk score (GRS) incorporating strength of association (log odds ratio) and allele dose for 151 IBD-risk loci was calculated and evaluated for phenotypic associations.

Results
Among CD patients, higher GRS was associated with earlier onset of disease (regression coefficient −2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] −3.77 to −0.61, P = 0.007), ileal disease (odds ratio [OR] 1.45), stricturing/penetrating disease (OR 1.72), perianal disease (OR 1.57) and bowel resection (OR 1.66). Higher GRS was associated with use of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (P &lt; 0.05) but not immunomodulators. Interestingly, we could not demonstrate an association between higher GRS and family history of IBD (OR 1.27, P = 0.07). Onset of disease remained statistically significant for never smokers (P = 0.03) but not ever smokers (P = 0.13). For UC, having a higher GRS did not predict the age of diagnosis nor was it predictive of UC disease extent (P = 0.18), the need for surgery (P = 0.74), nor medication use (immunomodulators P = 0.53, anti-TNF P = 0.49). We could not demonstrate an association between increased GRS and having a family history of IBD in the UC group.

Conclusions
Increasing genetic burden is associated with early age of diagnosis in CD and may be useful in predicting disease behaviour in CD but not UC.