bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local preferences for three indigenous oil-seed plants and attitudes towards their conservation in the Kénédougou province of Burkina Faso, West-Africa
Authors: Tiétiambou Fanta Reine Sheirita , Salako Kolawolé Valère , Tohoun Jésukpégo Roméo , Ouédraogo Amadé 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundCarapa procera,Lophira lanceolata, andPentadesma butyraceaare three underutilized but increasingly threatened indigenous oil-seed tree species (IOS) in tropical Africa. Because local knowledge is vital for sustainable management, this study investigated the socio-economic factors that explain local people’s (i) preferences for these IOS, (ii) attitudes toward their conservation, and (iii) ability to identify “plus trees” based on seed traits. We predicted a positive relationship between response variables and informants’ age, residence status, gender (femaleness), and existence of market opportunities for each IOS. We also predicted that a higher preference for a given IOS has a positive effect on people’s attitudes for its conservation and the aptitude to identify its “plus trees.” We additionally expected significant differences among ethnic groups for each response variable.MethodsData were collected through individual semi-structured interviews with 336 informants from 14 randomly selected villages in the species distribution area of Kénédougou province. For each species, the collected data were the number of actual uses reported (converted to use value—UV, as a measure of the species preference), practiced conservation actions (converted to conservation attitude using a four-scale scoring method), and possible criteria for selecting preferred trees for seed oil extraction. Generalized linear mixed models were used to test for the fixed effects of socio-economic factors, and account for the random variation across villages.ResultsThe results showed species-specific patterns.Carapa procerahad the highest UV and hence was the most preferred IOS, particularly by women. Informants from the Siamou ethnic group had the highest UV irrespective of IOS. The most cited conservation actions were assisted natural regeneration and banning of tree cutting, which were practiced forC. proceraandL. lanceolata. No conservation measure was cited forP. butyracea. The practice of tree planting was not recorded for any of the IOS. Young and male informants participated less in conservation actions. Tree selection for oil-seed collection was mainly guided not by “oil extraction yield” but rather by the “quality of extracted oil” (namely oil color and taste for food uses, and oil bitterness for medicinal efficacy). The selection mainly concernedL. lanceolataand was mostly practiced by elderly people.ConclusionThis study provided useful local knowledge-based information to guide conservation actions and valorization strategies of three IOS. The study sheds further light on the socio-economic factors that are associated to local people’s preferences, conservation attitudes, and individual tree selection.
Astaxanthin alleviates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury via activation of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway in rats
Authors: Fu Jian , Sun Haibin , Wei Haofei , Dong Mingjie , Zhang Yongzhe , Xu Wei , Fang Yanwei , Zhao Jianhui 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundIschemia-reperfusion injury of the spinal cord (SCII) often leads to unalterable neurological deficits, which may be associated with apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and inflammation. Astaxanthin (AST) is a strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent with multitarget neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of AST for SCII and the molecular mechanism.MethodsRat models of SCII with abdominal aortic occlusion for 40 min were carried out to investigate the effects of AST on the recovery of SCII. Tarlov’s scores were used to assess the neuronal function; HE and TUNEL staining were used to observe the pathological morphology of lesions. Neuron oxidative stress and inflammation were measured using commercial detection kits. Flow cytometry was conducted to assess the mitochondrial swelling degree. Besides, Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway-related proteins, as well as NOX2 and NLRP3 proteins.ResultsThe results demonstrated that AST pretreatment promoted the hind limb motor function recovery and alleviated the pathological damage induced by SCII. Moreover, AST significantly enhanced the antioxidative stress response and attenuated mitochondrial swelling. However, AST pretreatment hardly inhibited the levels of proinflammatory cytokines after SCII. Most importantly, AST activated p-Akt and p-GSK-3β expression levels. Meanwhile, cotreatment with LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) was found to abolish the above protective effects observed with the AST pretreatment.ConclusionOverall, these results suggest that AST pretreatment not only mitigates pathological tissue damage but also effectively improves neural functional recovery following SCII, primarily by alleviating oxidative stress but not inhibiting inflammation. A possible underlying molecular mechanism of AST may be mainly attributed to the activation of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway.
Penetrating lung injury during Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum
Authors: Kim Do Yeon , Jeong Jin Yong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLife-threatening complications including cardiac perforation by the clamp or pectus bar during Nuss procedure have rarely been occurred. A rare case of lung entrapment between the pectus bar and chest wall after Nuss procedure was also reported. Thoracoscopy allows for direct visualization of the operative field, which prevents or promptly perceive these intrathoracic organ injuries. Recently, we encountered a case of penetrating lung injury during the Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum. And we agree with Mennie et al. who concluded thoracoscopic vision during Nuss procedure reduces the risk of major complication. In addition, we would like to emphasize to keep in mind what to check for routines with thoracoscopy during Nuss procedure.
COnsensus on Pediatric Pain in the Emergency Room: the COPPER project, issued by 17 Italian scientific societies
Authors: Benini Franca , Corsini Ilaria , Castagno Emanuele , Silvagni Davide , Lucarelli Annunziata , Giacomelli Luca , Amigoni Angela , Ancora Gina , Astuto Marinella , Borrometi Fabio , Casilli Rosa Maria , Chiappini Elena , Cutrera Renato , De Matteis Arianna , di Mauro Giuseppe , Musolino Anna , Fabbri Andrea , Ferrero Federica , Fornaro Martina , Gangemi Michele , Lago Paola , Macrì Francesco , Manfredini Luca , Memo Luigi , Minicucci Annamaria , Petralia Paolo , Pinelli Nicola , Antonucci Roberto , Tajè Silvia , Tizi Emiliano , Venturelli Leo , Zampogna Stefania , Urbino Antonio F. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the pediatric setting, management of pain in the emergency department – and even in common care – is a challenging exercise, due to the complexity of the pediatric patient, poor specific training of many physicians, and scant resources.A joint effort of several Italian societies involved in pediatrics or in pain management has led to the definition of the PIPER group and the COPPER project. By applying a modified Delphi method, the COPPER project resulted in the definition of 10 fundamental statements. These may represent the basis for improving the correct management of children pain in the emergency department.
Community Tele-pal: A community-developed, culturally based palliative care tele-consult randomized controlled trial for African American and White Rural southern elders with a life-limiting illness
Authors: Watts Kristen Allen , Gazaway Shena , Malone Emily , Elk Ronit , Tucker Rodney , McCammon Susan , Goldhagen Michele , Graham Jacob , Tassin Veronica , Hauser Joshua , Rhoades Sidney , Kagawa-Singer Marjorie , Wallace Eric , McElligott James , Kennedy Richard , Bakitas Marie 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
Patients living in rural areas experience a variety of unmet needs that result in healthcare disparities. The triple threat of rural geography, racial inequities, and older age hinders access to high-quality palliative care (PC) for a significant proportion of Americans. Rural patients with life-limiting illness are at risk of not receiving appropriate palliative care due to a limited specialty workforce, long distances to treatment centers, and limited PC clinical expertise. Although culture strongly influences people’s response to diagnosis, illness, and treatment preferences, culturally based care models are not currently available for most seriously ill rural patients and their family caregivers. The purpose of this randomized clinical trial (RCT) is to compare a culturally based tele-consult program (that was developed by and for the rural southern African American (AA) and White (W) population) to usual hospital care to determine the impact on symptom burden (primary outcome) and patient and care partner quality of life (QOL), care partner burden, and resource use post-discharge (secondary outcomes) in hospitalized AA and White older adults with a life-limiting illness.

Methods
Community Tele-pal is a three-site RCT that will test the efficacy of a community-developed, culturally based PC tele-consult program for hospitalized rural AA and W older adults with life-limiting illnesses (n = 352) and a care partner. Half of the participants (n = 176) and a care partner (n = 176) will be randomized to receive the culturally based palliative care consult. The other half of the patient participants (n = 176) and care partners (n = 176) will receive usual hospital care appropriate to their illness.

Discussion
This is the first community-developed, culturally based PC tele-consult program for rural southern AA and W populations. If effective, the tele-consult palliative program and methods will serve as a model for future culturally based PC programs that can reduce patients’ symptoms and care partner burden.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03767517. Registered on 27 December 2018.
Consistency of trial reporting between ClinicalTrials.gov and corresponding publications: one decade after FDAAA
Authors: Talebi Ramtin , Redberg Rita F. , Ross Joseph S. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe FDA Amendments Act (FDAAA) required that information for certain clinical trials, such as details about study design features and endpoints, as well as results, be publicly reported in ClinicalTrials.gov. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of phase III trials with primary results published between January 1, 2016, and June 30, 2017, in high-impact journals and found 74% contained at least one discrepancy between results reported in ClinicalTrials.gov and the corresponding publication. Our findings underscore the necessity for monitoring of clinical trial information and result reporting between sources; a checklist may provide a systemized procedure for investigators and editors to monitor accurate reporting.
Reconstruction of nonlinear integral inequalities associated with time scales calculus
Authors: Khan Zareen A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we build up some generalizations of nonlinear integral inequalities and recreate the results of some Pachpatte’s inequalities on time scales. We not just settle new estimated bounds of a particular class of nonlinear retarded dynamic inequalities, but additionally determine and unify continuous analogs alongside a subjective time scale $\mathbb{T}$
T
. We demonstrate applications of the treated inequalities to reflect the benefits of our work. The key effects will be proven by using the analysis procedure and the standard time-scale comparison theorem technique.
Participatory agenda setting as a process — of people, ambassadors and translation: a case study of participatory agenda setting in rural areas
Authors: Schroth Fabian , Glatte Hannah , Kaiser Simone , Heidingsfelder Marie 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper presents a case study of a participatory agenda setting process in rural areas, with the aim of establishing at which points participation was achieved and via which channels and processes the results of said participation were introduced into local and overarching policy agendas. We argue that participatory agenda setting involves two central challenges, namely the development of dialogue formats and procedures that enable members of the public to take part in the process, and the selection and use of the appropriate channels for conveying their input to the relevant decision-makers. Agenda setting is thus a process during which concepts and issues are collaboratively uncovered or developed and then integrated, via networks, into policy and research strategy. Accordingly, this process encompasses the actors involved in the agenda setting process, the procedures that make participation possible, and the channels via which the results are then transferred.
Density deconvolution for generalized skew-symmetric distributions
Authors: Potgieter Cornelis J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe density deconvolution problem is considered for random variables assumed to belong to the generalized skew-symmetric (GSS) family of distributions. The approach is semiparametric in that the symmetric component of the GSS distribution is assumed known, and the skewing function capturing deviation from the symmetric component is estimated using a deconvolution kernel approach. This requires the specification of a bandwidth parameter. The mean integrated square error (MISE) of the GSS deconvolution estimator is derived, and two bandwidth estimation methods based on approximating the MISE are also proposed. A generalized method of moments approach is also developed for estimation of the underlying GSS location and scale parameters. Simulation study results are presented including a comparing the GSS approach to the nonparametric deconvolution estimator. For most simulation settings considered, the GSS estimator is seen to have performance superior to the nonparametric estimator.
Prognosis of pathogen-proven acute respiratory distress syndrome diagnosed from a protocol that includes bronchoalveolar lavage: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Kyo Michihito , Hosokawa Koji , Ohshimo Shinichiro , Kida Yoshiko , Tanabe Yuko , Shime Nobuaki 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background
To treat patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), it is important to diagnose specific lung diseases and identify common risk factors. Our facility focuses on using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to identify precise risk factors and determine the causative pathogen of ARDS within 24 h of intensive care unit (ICU) admission. This study evaluated the prognoses of pathogen-proven ARDS patients who were diagnosed or identified with risk factors using a diagnostic protocol, which included BAL, compared with the prognoses of pathogen-unproven ARDS patients.

Methods
This retrospective observational study was conducted in the ICU at a tertiary hospital from October 2015 to January 2019. We enrolled patients with respiratory distress who were on mechanical ventilation for more than 24 h in the ICU and who were subjected to our diagnostic protocol. We compared the disease characteristics and mortality rates between pathogen-proven and pathogen-unproven ARDS patients.

Results
Seventy ARDS patients were included, of whom, 50 (71%) had pathogen-proven ARDS as per our protocol. Mortality rates in both the ICU and the hospital were significantly lower among pathogen-proven ARDS patients than among pathogen-unproven ARDS patients (10% vs. 50%, p = 0.0006; 18% vs. 55%, p = 0.0038, respectively). Pathogen-proven ARDS patients were independently associated with hospital survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.238; 95% confidence interval, 0.096–0.587; p = 0.0021).

Conclusions
Our diagnostic protocol, which included early initiation of BAL, enabled diagnosing pathogen-proven ARDS in 71% of ARDS patients. These patients were significantly associated with higher hospital survival rates. The diagnostic accuracy of our diagnostic protocol, which includes BAL, remains unclear.
Author’s response to letter “Antimicrobials administration time in patients with suspected sepsis: faster is better for severe patients”
Authors: Ascuntar Johana , Mendoza Deibie , Jaimes Fabián 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe are appreciative to Dr. Jouffroy and Pr. Vivien for their responses and insights, and we agree with their words about the controversial aspect timing to antibiotic administration. Nevertheless, we stand firmly that it is not just about the time of administration of antimicrobials, but the early recognition and the comprehensive approach to recognize the most severe patients.
Causal assessment in demographic research
Authors: Wunsch Guillaume , Gourbin Catherine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCausation underlies both research and policy interventions. Causal inference in demography is however far from easy, and few causal claims are probably sustainable in this field. This paper targets the assessment of causality in demographic research. It aims to give an overview of the methodology of causal research, pointing out various problems that can occur in practice. The “Intervention studies” section critically examines the so-called gold standard in causality assessment in experimental studies, randomized controlled trials, and the use of quasi-experiments and interventions in observational studies. The “Multivariate statistical models” section deals with multivariate statistical models linking a mortality or fertility indicator to a series of possible causes and controls. Single and multiple equation models are considered. The “Mechanisms and structural causal modelling” section takes into account a more recent trend, i.e., mechanistic explanations in causal research, and develops a structural causal modelling framework stemming from the pioneering work of the Cowles Commission in econometrics and of Sewall Wright in population genetics. The “Assessing causality in demographic research” section examines how causal analysis could be further applied in demographic studies, and a series of proposals are discussed for this purpose. The paper ends with a conclusion pointing out, in particular, the relevance of structural equation models, of triangulation, and of systematic reviews for causal assessment.
Intensive care unit (ICU) diaries and the experiences of patients’ families: a grounded theory approach in a lower middle-income country (LMIC)
Authors: Tripathy Swagata , Acharya Swati Priyadarshini , Sahoo Alok Kumar , Mitra Jayanta Kumar , Goel Kishen , Ahmad Suma Rabab , Hansdah Upendra 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Objective
An intensive care unit (ICU) diary is a relatively new concept in low middle-income countries (LMICs). Illiteracy and socio-cultural inhibitions may affect the use and utility of this intervention, which has proven beneficial to patients and their families in high income countries (HICs). We aimed to explore how families of ICU patients experienced ICU diaries in our set up by using the Grounded Theory (GT) approach. A relatively new research tool, this enables exploration of a phenomenon to build theories in areas hitherto uncharted.

Method
A clinical psychologist did 29 in-depth interviews of relatives of 13 patients admitted in the ICU for > 24 h for whom an ICU diary was being maintained. We used a three-step coding process- open, axial, and selective coding, followed by the formulation of a theory embedded in the data.

Results
We found that the younger relatives of ICU patients accepted the idea better (age 30, SD 6) Half (48%) had education between 5th to 10th standards. Emergent themes suggested that for the family members, reading and writing the diary brought novelty, acted as a communication enabler, spiritual truss, and improved knowledge leading to change in perspective about the health care system. It also became a bridge to community bonding after patient discharge. Starting with appreciating the novelty of ‘diary entries,’ which was a new and exciting concept, family members used the diaries to communicate with health care workers (to gain information and understanding about the disease and treatment) and the patient to express their love and to maintain a connection. The diary acted as a confessional for hopes, fears, guilt, and faith for many members. As a tool, it enabled them to understand medical personnel as human beings and to appreciate their efforts, effectively improving confidence in the system. Finally, upon returning home, the diary was a crowd puller for extended family and neighbors encouraging discussions and enhancing bonding and information sharing.

Conclusions
Our findings indicate a good acceptance of ICU diaries by family members in our ICU. With less literate, admitted ‘shy ‘members, in a society where ‘diary writing’ is not culturally rampant, the appreciation for the novel concept was universal. We see a place for these interventions not only at the patient/ family level but also as a means to ‘correct’ the image of health care workers in our society by humanizing ourselves to the end-user- the patient and his family.
Blacking out
Authors: Lengwiler Yvan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe partial shutdown of the economy following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the lack of measurements of economic activity that are available with a short lag and at high frequency. The consumption of electricity turns out to be a valuable proxy, if it is corrected for influences from calendar and weather. Indeed, this proxy suggests that we are currently facing one of the deepest recessions ever.