bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19: A scoping review
Authors: Berhe Brhane , Legese Haftom , Degefa Hagos , Adhanom Gebre , Gebrewahd Aderajew , Mardu Fitsum , Tesfay Kebede , Kahsu Getachew , Welay Miglas , Negash Hadush 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Globally, the novel coronavirus is a pandemic disease with public health concern causing human infections. The severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 is causing severe infection and life-threatening complications. Now, it becomes a pandemic with a growing number of cases and deaths. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the methodological framework. In this scoping review, 70 records as of May 21, 2020 were included and discussed to better understand the current updates of the virus. PubMed, BioRxiv, MedRxiv, Global Health and google scholars were searched comprehensively for articles, preprints, grey literatures, reports, conference proceedings and expert information. Studies conducted in human and published in the English language were included in the review. All the findings and statements of the review regarding the outbreak are based on published data. Results: We identified 408 records, of which 70 studies met the inclusion criteria. We synthesized the data from the included records and dug out the deep insights of them and pooled into this review. The burden of the outbreak is worsening due to overcrowding, presence of asymptomatic carriers, scarcity of test kits, the immune escaping ability of the virus and lack of community awareness. Conclusions and recommendations: Due to the fast-spreading nature of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 the prevention and control strategies become challenging. It is imposing social, psychological, and socio-economic impacts. We recommended strict adherence to physical distancing, quarantining suspects, using personal protective equipment, health education and introducing appropriate handwashing practices, avoiding contact with animals, improved controlling, and prevention strategies.
Investigation of Biomaterial Characteristics of Chitosan Produced from Crab Shells
Authors: Babatunde Esther O , Ighalo Joshua O , Akolo Sunday A , Adeniyi Adewale George , Adepoju Lydia 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chitosan is a biomaterial that can be obtained from certain parts of aquatic fauna like scales and shells. They are cheap, readily available and environment-friendly complexing agents for heavy metals. In this study, crab shell was used as a source of chitosan and compared with commercial chitosan. The yield was 22.75% and 71% degree of de-acetylation. Solubility test showed that it will dissolve within 30 minutes in 0.1 M HCl. The FTIR indicated the presence of –OH functional group at wavelength 1350 cm-1and R-NH2 at 3450 cm-1. SEM revealed that the locally developed chitosan has a rough surface characterized with holes, and has a porous spongy structure. Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) was used to examine the presence of elements on the chitosan. Results showed the presence of C, N, O and Na. Usually, Hydrogen is usually present in organic materials but EDS cannot detect its’ presence. XRD revealed a low crystallinity of the chitosan obtained.
Isolation, identification and 16S rRNA gene analysis of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from the Gymnocypris Przewalskii
Authors: Zhang Hongjian , Cai Qigang , Zhao Jing , Fan Yuxia , Kong Fanlin , Gao Xiaolong , Tong Linna 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Yersinia enterocolitica is a human-animal-fish-associated infectious diarrhea pathogen that has caused widespread international attention in recent years. Many strains of Yersinia enterocolitica were identified from different animal species, but there is no information reported Yersinia enterocolitica in Gymnocypris przewalskii . The Gymnocypris przewalskii is a very important species in the Qinghai Lake. They were listed in the China' s second-class protected animal species. Preliminary research on the distribution of Yersinia enterocolitica and the drug sensitive fauna test on Gymnocypris przewalskii was a urgent solving problem for which maintain the original ecological symbiotic system and restore Gymnocypris przewalskii resource. In order to solve these issues, we performed this research.Results: The results showed that 5 strains Yersinia enterocolitica were obtained, positive ratio was 6.67% (5/75). The average drug-resistant of 5 strain Yersinia enterocolitica was 54.29% (38/70) to 14 kinds of antibiotic. The result of 16S rRNA gene of Yersinia enterocolitica identified showed that one piece of 1419 bp specific braid was obtained. The homologies of nucleotide of 16S rRNA were 91%-95% between 15 strains of Yersinia enterocolitica from GenBank by measuring sequence.Conclusion: Yersinia enterocolitica can infect Gymnocypris przewalskii . Some strains have drug-resistant effect. The 16S rRNA gene matches 91%-95% with other strains nucleotides download from GenBank and forms a unique branch separated from them.
Analysis of Six Chloroplast Genomes Provides Insight into the Evolution of Chrysosplenium (Saxifragaceae)
Authors: Wu Zhihua , Liao Rui , Yang Tiange , Dong Xiang , Lan Deqing , Qin Rui , Liu Hong 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background
Chrysosplenium L. (Saxifragaceae) is a genus of plants widely distributed in China and usually found in moist, shaded valleys and mountain slopes. This genus is ideal for studying plant adaptation to low-light conditions. Although some progress has been made in the systematics and biogeography of Chrysosplenium, its chloroplast genome evolution remains to be investigated.
Results
To fill this gap, we sequenced the chloroplast genomes of six Chrysosplenium species and analyzed their genome structure, GC content, and nucleotide diversity. Moreover, we performed a phylogenetic analysis and calculated non-synonymous (Ka)/synonymous (Ks) substitution ratios using the combined protein-coding genes of 29 species within Saxifragales and two additional species as outgroups, as well as a pair-wise estimation for each gene within Chrysosplenium. Compared with the outgroups in Saxifragaceae, the six Chrysosplenium chloroplast genomes had lower GC contents; they also had conserved boundary regions and gene contents, as only the rpl32 gene was lost in four of the Chrysosplenium chloroplast genomes. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that the Chrysosplenium separated to two major clades (the opposite group and the alternate group). The pair-wise Ka/Ks ratios of genes in the Chrysosplenium species showed that matK and ycf2 were subjected to relatively relaxed selection.
Conclusion
This study provides genetic resources for exploring the phylogeny of Chrysosplenium and sheds light on plant adaptation to low-light conditions. The lower average GC content and the lacking gene of rpl32 indicating selective pressure in their unique habitats. Different from results previously reported, our selective pressure estimation suggested that the genes related to photosynthesis (such as ycf2) were under positive selection at sites in the coding region.
Comparison of Momelotinib, Pacitinib and Ruxolitinib in patients with Myeloproliferative Neoplasm: An Indirect-Comparison Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Ye Wu , Wu Xia , Zheng Xue , Gong Yuping 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

The meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of momelotinib, ruxolitinib and pacitinib in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms(MPN), which includes essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera and primary myelofibrosis.
Methods

We searched multiple databases and collected relevant studies before Dec. 20,2019. According to predefined criteria, we included eight qualified phase 3 randomized controlled trials with 2125 patients in the meta-analysis. Statistical analysis used StataMP14 and Indirect Treatment Comparisons software. The meta-analysis is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42020164271.
Results

The relative risk (95%confidence interval) of momelotinib vs ruxolitinib, ruxolitinib vs pacritinib and momelotinib vs pacritinib by indirect-comparison are as follows: The RR(95%CI) for ≥ 35% reduction in spleen volume from baseline at week 24/32 as determined by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography were 0.93(95%CI0.69-1.25), 10.87(95%CI2.52-46.79) and 10.09(95%CI2.27- 44.74); The RR(95%CI) for ≥ 50% reduction in total symptom score from baseline at week 24–32 assessed using the modified Myelofibrosis Symptom Assessment Form were 1.61(95%CI0.25-10.15), 4.40(95%CI2.13-9.09) and 7.12 (95%CI0.91-55.41); The RR(95%CI) for the risk of anemia were 0.60(95%CI0.20-1.85), 0.80(95%CI0.56-1.14) and 0.48 (95%CI0.15-1.56); The RR(95%CI) for thrombocytopenia were 0.69(95%CI0.50-0.96), 1.33(95%CI0.77-2.30) and 0.92(95%CI0.48-1.74); The RR (95%CI) for the risk of fatigue were 1.07(95%CI0.71-1.59), 0.82(95%CI0.49-1.37) and 0.88(95%CI0.46-1.68); The RR(95%CI) for the risk of diarrhea were 1.32(95%CI0.58-3.01), 0.11(95%CI0.03-0.46) and 0.39(95%CI0.15-1.02); The RR(95%CI) for abdominal pain were 0.95(95%CI0.61-1.48), 0.83(95%CI0.30-2.25) and 0.78(95%CI0.26-2.35). The RR(95CI) for the improvement of transfusion-independent of pacritinib vs ruxolitinib was 6.36 (95%CI0.79-50.98).
Conclusions

Excluding the improvement of transfusion-independent and the risk of thrombocytopenia, pacritinib had relatively poorer efficacy and higher risk of adverse events compared with momelotinib or ruxolitinib. Momelotinib had similar or better efficacy and similar or lower risk of adverse events than ruxolitinib while excluding the risk of diarrhea. In general, momelotinib has the best potential therapeutic value in patients with MPN among the three drugs, but further clinical studies are needed to prove it.
Neuropathic pain in adult Myotonic Dystrophy type 1. Presence of small and large fibre neuropathy?
Authors: Solbakken Gro , Løseth Sissel , Nærland Terje , Frich Jan , Dietrichs Espen , Ørstavik Kristin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background: Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder affecting multiple organs. There is an increasing awareness of chronic pain in DM1. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated symptoms of neuropathic pain and small and large fiber neuropathy in the adult form of DM1. We also studied if neuropathy was related to the number of CTG repeats, disease duration and other clinical DM1 symptoms, and investigated if skin biopsy tests for small fiber neuropathy differed in the DM1 group compared to reference values from healthy controls.Methods: 20 genetically verified DM1 adult patients were included in the study. Pain descriptions, neurologic examination and objective investigations of the peripheral nerve system by quantitative sensory testing, skin biopsies and neurography were conducted. Statistical analyses of group differences and frequencies were performed.Results: Six patients (30%) out of 20 patients with DM1 described neuropathic pain, and three of these had objective findings on both small and large fiber neuropathy, as well as clinically sensory findings. Together, large and/or small fibre neuropathy is present in 50% of the patients with DM1. The intra epidermal nerve fiber density was significantly lower (p= <0.001, Cohen`s d = 1.2) in the 20 patients with DM1 (mean 8.16, SD: 2.28) compared to a reference group (N = 106, mean 12.43, SD: 4.59). Patients with large fiber neuropathy had significantly lower muscle strength (p = 0.01, Cohen`s d = 1.6, mean difference 0.4, CI: 0.7 - 0.1) than patients without large fiber neuropathy.Conclusion: Symptoms of neuropathic pain was more frequent in patients with DM1 compared to the general population. Intra epidermal nerve fiber density was significantly lower in the DM1 group than in a sample of healthy controls. Neuropathy may be a mechanism of pain in DM1.
Emotion-Focused Therapy for Binge-Eating Disorder: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Glisenti Kevin , Strodl Esben , King Robert , Greenberg Leslie 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background:Research into psychotherapy for binge-eating disorder (BED) has focused mainly on cognitive behavioral therapies, but efficacy, failure to abstain, and dropout rates continue to be problematic. The experience of negative emotions is among the most accurate predictors for the occurrence of binge eating episodes in BED, suggesting benefits to exploring other psychological treatments with a more specific focus on the role of emotion. The present study aimed to build upon the emerging evidence for emotion-focused therapy (EFT) as a treatment for BED by examining the outcomes of a pilot randomized waitlist-controlled trial of individual EFT for BED.Methods:Twenty-one participants were assessed on the primary outcome measures of objective binge episodes, the number of days on which objective binge episodes occurred, and binge eating symptoms and the secondary outcome measures of anxiety and depressive symptoms. The treatment consisted of 12 weekly one-hour sessions of EFT for maladaptive emotions over three months. A series of between groups repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypothesis that those receiving the treatment would demonstrate a greater degree of improvement in primary outcome measures compared to participants on the waitlist. A series of within-groups repeated-measures ANOVA was then used to test the hypothesis that participation in the EFT intervention would result in significant improvements in the primary and secondary outcome measures from pre to post-therapy, and then maintained at each follow-up period.Results:Participants receiving the EFT demonstrated a greater degree of improvement in primary outcome measures compared to participants on the waitlist. Participation in the EFT intervention resulted in significant improvements in all primary outcome measures and anxiety, but not depressive symptoms. The intervention also demonstrated a relatively low dropout rate when compared to other psychological therapy interventions for BED.Conclusions:These findings provide further preliminary evidence that individual EFT may be an efficacious treatment for BED and provide support for more extensive randomized control trials to test the efficacy and effectiveness of EFT for BED further.Trial registration: The study was retrospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620000563965) on the 14 May 2020https://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12620000563965.aspx
Antimicrobial Resistance and Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases of Escherichia coli isolates from Raw Meat in Greater Accra Region, Ghana
Authors: Dsani Esther , Afari Edwin Andrews , Danso-Appiah Anthony , Kenu Ernest , Kaburi Basil Benduri , Egyir Beverly 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background Typically, raw meat can be contaminated with antimicrobial resistant pathogens at unhygienic slaughter and sale points. Consumption of meat contaminated with antimicrobial resistant E. coli is associated with grave health care consequences. The aim of this study was to determine the microbial quality of raw meat, the antimicrobial susceptibility and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli isolates from raw meat.Methods We collected 205 meat samples from beef (n=81), chevon (n=108) and mutton (n=16) at three slaughter sites in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. We performed Total Plate Counts (TPC) and Total Coliform Counts (TCC) and isolated E. coli using standard bacteriological methods. Presumptive isolates were confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). We assessed the susceptibility to 11 antibiotics using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and assessed ESBL production using the combination disk test. PCR amplification of associated resistant genes bla TEM, bla SHV, and bla CTX-M was performed for presumptive ESBL isolates.Results Total Plate Counts exceeded the acceptable limit of 5.0 log CFU/ cm 2 in 60.5% (124/205) of raw meat samples. Total Coliform Counts in 70.7% (145/205) of samples were in excess of the acceptable limit of 2.5 log CFU/cm 2 . E. coli was detected in about half of raw meat samples (48%), ranging from 9.5% -79.0% among the slaughter sites. Isolates were susceptible to meropenem (100%), ceftriaxone (99%), cefotaxime (98%), chloramphenicol (97%), gentamycin (97%), ciprofloxacin (92%) and amikacin (92%), but resistant to ampicillin (57%), tetracycline (45%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (21%) and cefuroxime (17%). Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was identified in 22% of the isolates. We detected the bla TEM gene in 4% (4/98) of E. coli isolates in this study.Conclusion The levels of microbial contamination of raw meat in this study were unacceptable. Meat handlers and consumers are at risk of foodborne infections from E. coli including ESBL producing E. coli that are resistant to most antibiotics in use. We recommend an enhanced surveillance for antimicrobial resistance in food products for the early detection of emerging resistant bacteria species in the food chain.
Prognostic value of the ALBI grade among patients with single hepatocellular carcinoma without macrovascular invasion
Authors: Zou Heng , Chen Wenhao , Wang Huan , Xiong Li , Wen Yu , Zhou Jiangjiao 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Overview and objective: Although evidence for the application of albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) grading system to assess liver function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is available, less is known whether it can be applied to determine the prognosis of single HCC with different tumor sizes. This study aimed to address this gap.Methods: Here, we enrolled patients who underwent hepatectomy due to single HCC from the year 2010 to 2014. Analyses were performed to test the potential of ALBI grading system to monitor the long-term survival of single HCC subjects with varying tumor sizes.Results: Overall, 265 participants were recruited. The overall survival (OS) among patients whose tumors were ≤ 7 cm was remarkably higher compared to those whose tumors were > 7 cm. The Cox proportional hazards regression model identified the tumor differentiation grade, ALBI grade, and maximum tumor size as key determinants of the OS. The ALBI grade could stratify the patients who had a single tumor ≤ 7 cm into two distinct groups with different prognoses. The OS between ALBI grades 1 and 2 was comparable for patients who had a single tumor > 7 cm.Conclusions: We show that ALBI grading system can predict disease outcomes of single HCC patients with tumor size ≤ 7 cm. However, the ALBI grade may not predict capability the prognosis of patients with single tumor > 7 cm.
Ibrutinib alleviated LPS-induced neuroinflammation and synaptic defects in a mouse model of depression
Authors: Li Weifen , Ali Tahir , He Kaiwu , Liu Zizhen , Shah Fawad Ali , Ren Qingguo , Jiang Anlong , Liu Yan , Li Shupeng 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Background

Previous studies indicate a close association between the altered immune system and major depressive disorders. and inhibition of neuroinflammation may represent an alternative mechanism to treat depression. Recently, the anti-inflammatory activity of ibrutinib has been reported, however, the effect of ibrutinib on neuroinflammation allied depression and its underlying mechanism has not been comprehensively studied. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the potential anti-depressive role and mechanism of ibrutinib against neuroinflammation induced depression as well as synaptic defects.
Methods

Adult C57BL/6J male mice weighing 25–30 g (age 7–8 weeks) were treated with LPS (2 mg/kg BW i.p) and 50 mg/kg BW ibrutinib, orally. Depressive-like behaviors were assessed by FST and SPT, cytokine levels were determined by ELISA, ROS, TBARs, and Nitric oxides were measured via biochemical assays, Iba-1 and GFAP expression were determined by immunofluorescence. Further, spine density was measured by Golgi staining, while NF-kB, Nrf2, SOD2, HO-1, NLRP3, P38, Caspase-1, BDNF, PSD95, and synaptophysin were measured by immunoblotting.
Results

Our results showed that ibrutinib treatment significantly reduced LPS induced depressive-like behaviors and neuroinflammation via inhibiting NF-kB activation, decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines level, normalizing redox signaling and it’s a downstream component including Nrf2, HO-1, and SOD2 as well as glial cells activation markers such as Iba-1 and GFAP expression. Further, ibrutinib treatment inhibited LPS activated inflammasome activation by targeting NLRP3/P38/Caspase-1 signaling. Interestingly, LPS reduced dendritic spines numbers, expression of BDNF and synaptic related markers including PSD95, snap25, and synaptophysin were improved by ibrutinib treatment in the hippocampal area of the mice brain.
Conclusion

In conclusion, our finding suggested that ibrutinib could alleviate neuroinflammation and synaptic defects, rendering its antidepressant potential against LPS induced neuroinflammation and depression.
Targeting high risk forest goers for malaria elimination: A novel approach for investigating forest malaria to inform program intervention in Vietnam
Authors: Canavati Sara E. , Kelly Gerard C. , Quintero Cesia E. , Vo Thuan Huu , Tran Long Khanh , Ngo Thang Duc , Tran Duong Thanh , Edgel Kimberly A. , Martin Nicholas J. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
BackgroundA major threat to the global malaria elimination agenda is the emergence of multi-drug resistant malaria in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). Within the GMS, individuals known to frequent remote forest locations remain a priority high-risk population group that fall outside the reach of traditional village-centered interventions, presenting operational challenges for malaria programs. In Vietnam, over 60% of malaria cases are thought to be individuals who sleep in forests or on farms. New malaria elimination strategies are needed in countries where mobile and migrant workers frequently sleep outside of their homes. This study aimed to characterize common risk behaviors and location-specific settings of remote forest and farm sleeping sites in Vietnam.MethodsA cross-sectional study using novel targeted reactive investigative approaches at remote area sleeping sites was conducted in three mountainous communes in Phu Yen province in 2016. Index cases were defined as individuals routinely sleeping in forests or farms who had tested positive for malaria. Index cases and non-infected neighbors from forest and farm huts within 500m of the established sleeping locations of index cases were interviewed in person at their remote-area sleeping sites.ResultsA total of 307 participants, 110 index cases and 197 neighbors, were enrolled. Among 93 participants who slept in the forest, index cases were more likely to make >5 trips to the forest per year (POR 7.41, 95% CI 2.66–20.63), sleep in huts without walls (POR 44.00, 95% CI 13.05–148.33), sleep without mosquito nets (POR 2.95, 95% CI 1.26–6.92), and work after dark (adjusted POR 5.48, 95% CI 1.84–16.35). Among 204 farm-based respondents a significantly higher proportion of index cases were involved in non-farming activities (logging) (POR 2.74, 95% CI 1.27–5.91).ConclusionUnique approaches applied in this study provided key data to inform the development of targeted and appropriate location-specific malaria elimination interventions for priority high-risk population groups that are traditionally difficult to access.