bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Western Eurasian Basin Halocline in 2017: Insights From Autonomous NO Measurements and the Mercator Physical System
Authors: Bertosio Cécilia , Provost Christine , Sennéchael Nathalie , Artana Camila , Athanase Marylou , Boles Elisabeth , Lellouche Jean‐Michel , Garric Gilles 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present the first sensor‐based profiles of the quasi‐conservative NO parameter obtained with an autonomous ice‐tethered buoy in the Arctic Ocean. Data documented the halocline in the Transpolar Drift and Nansen Basin in 2017. A NO minimum was found in the Nansen Basin on a σ‐horizon of 27.8 kg·m−3 corresponding to the lower halocline, while a lower NO minimum of 380 μM straddled the 27.4 σ‐horizon and marked the cold halocline in the Transpolar Drift. Back trajectories of water parcels encountered along the buoy drift were computed using the Mercator physical system. They suggested that waters within the NO minimum at 27.4 kg·m−3 could be traced back to the East Siberian Sea continental. These trajectories conformed with the prevailing positive phase of the Arctic Oscillation. The base of the lower halocline, at the 27.85 σ‐horizon, corresponded to the density attained in the deepest winter mixed layer north of Svalbard and cyclonically slowly advected from the slope into the central Nansen Basin. The 27.85 σ‐horizon is associated with an absolute salinity of 34.9 g·kg−1, a significantly more saline level than the 34.3 psu isohaline commonly used to identify the base of the lower halocline. This denser and more saline level is in accordance with the deeper winter mixed layers observed on the slopes of Nansen Basin in the last 10 years. A combination of simulations and NO parameter estimates provided valuable insights into the structure, source, and strength of the Arctic halocline.
Solid-state laser refrigeration of a composite semiconductor Yb:YLiF4 optomechanical resonator
Authors: Pant Anupum , Xia Xiaojing , Davis E. James , Pauzauskie Peter J. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractPhotothermal heating represents a major constraint that limits the performance of many nanoscale optoelectronic and optomechanical devices including nanolasers, quantum optomechanical resonators, and integrated photonic circuits. Here, we demonstrate the direct laser refrigeration of a semiconductor optomechanical resonator >20 K below room temperature based on the emission of upconverted, anti-Stokes photoluminescence of trivalent ytterbium ions doped within a yttrium-lithium-fluoride (YLF) host crystal. Optically-refrigerating the lattice of a dielectric resonator has the potential to impact several fields including scanning probe microscopy, the sensing of weak forces, the measurement of atomic masses, and the development of radiation-balanced solid-state lasers. In addition, optically refrigerated resonators may be used in the future as a promising starting point to perform motional cooling for exploration of quantum effects at mesoscopic length scales, temperature control within integrated photonic devices, and solid-state laser refrigeration of quantum materials.
Endothelial activation of caspase-9 promotes neurovascular injury in retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Avrutsky Maria I. , Ortiz Crystal Colón , Johnson Kendra V. , Potenski Anna M. , Chen Claire W. , Lawson Jacqueline M. , White Alexandra J. , Yuen Stephanie K. , Morales Fatima N. , Canepa Elisa , Snipas Scott , Salvesen Guy S. , Jean Ying Y. , Troy Carol M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCentral nervous system ischemic injury features neuronal dysfunction, inflammation and breakdown of vascular integrity. Here we show that activation of endothelial caspase-9 after hypoxia-ischemia is a critical event in subsequent dysfunction of the blood-retina barrier, using a panel of interrelated ophthalmic in vivo imaging measures in a mouse model of retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Rapid nonapoptotic activation of caspase-9 and its downstream effector caspase-7 in endothelial cells promotes capillary ischemia and retinal neurodegeneration. Topical eye-drop delivery of a highly selective caspase-9 inhibitor provides morphological and functional retinal protection. Inducible endothelial-specific caspase-9 deletion phenocopies this protection, with attenuated retinal edema, reduced inflammation and preserved neuroretinal morphology and function following RVO. These results reveal a non-apoptotic function of endothelial caspase-9 which regulates blood-retina barrier integrity and neuronal survival, and identify caspase-9 as a therapeutic target in neurovascular disease.
Piezo2 expressed in proprioceptive neurons is essential for skeletal integrity
Authors: Assaraf Eran , Blecher Ronen , Heinemann-Yerushalmi Lia , Krief Sharon , Carmel Vinestock Ron , Biton Inbal E. , Brumfeld Vlad , Rotkopf Ron , Avisar Erez , Agar Gabriel , Zelzer Elazar 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIn humans, mutations in the PIEZO2 gene, which encodes for a mechanosensitive ion channel, were found to result in skeletal abnormalities including scoliosis and hip dysplasia. Here, we show in mice that loss of Piezo2 expression in the proprioceptive system recapitulates several human skeletal abnormalities. While loss of Piezo2 in chondrogenic or osteogenic lineages does not lead to human-like skeletal abnormalities, its loss in proprioceptive neurons leads to spine malalignment and hip dysplasia. To validate the non-autonomous role of proprioception in hip joint morphogenesis, we studied this process in mice mutant for proprioceptive system regulators Runx3 or Egr3. Loss of Runx3 in the peripheral nervous system, but not in skeletal lineages, leads to similar joint abnormalities, as does Egr3 loss of function. These findings expand the range of known regulatory roles of the proprioception system on the skeleton and provide a central component of the underlying molecular mechanism, namely Piezo2.
Drum training induces long-term plasticity in the cerebellum and connected cortical thickness
Authors: Bruchhage Muriel M. K. , Amad Ali , Draper Stephen B. , Seidman Jade , Lacerda Luis , Laguna Pedro Luque , Lowry Ruth G. , Wheeler James , Robertson Andrew , Dell’Acqua Flavio , Smith Marcus S. , Williams Steven C. R. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractIt is unclear to what extent cerebellar networks show long-term plasticity and accompanied changes in cortical structures. Using drumming as a demanding multimodal motor training, we compared cerebellar lobular volume and white matter microstructure, as well as cortical thickness of 15 healthy non-musicians before and after learning to drum, and 16 age matched novice control participants. After 8 weeks of group drumming instruction, 3 ×30 minutes per week, we observed the cerebellum significantly changing its grey (volume increase of left VIIIa, relative decrease of VIIIb and vermis Crus I volume) and white matter microstructure in the inferior cerebellar peduncle. These plastic cerebellar changes were complemented by changes in cortical thickness (increase in left paracentral, right precuneus and right but not left superior frontal thickness), suggesting an interplay of cerebellar learning with cortical structures enabled through cerebellar pathways.
The 1933 Long Beach Earthquake (California, USA): Ground Motions and Rupture Scenario
Authors: Hough S. E. , Graves R. W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present a synoptic analysis of the ground motions from the 11 March 1933 Mw 6.4 Long Beach, California, earthquake, the largest known earthquake within the central Los Angeles Basin region. Our inferred shaking intensity pattern supports the association of the earthquake with the Newport-Inglewood fault; it further illuminates the concentration of severe damage in the town of Compton, where accounts suggest vertical ground motions exceeding 1 g. We use a broadband simulation approach to develop a rupture scenario for this earthquake, informed by the damage distribution. The predicted shaking for a 25-km-long fault matches the intensity distribution, with an indication that non-linear site response on soft sediments in some near-field regions was stronger than predicted using a simple model to account for non-linearity. Our results suggest that the concentration of damage near Compton can be explained by a combination of local site amplification, source-controlled directivity, and three-dimensional basin effects whereby energy was channeled towards the deepest part of the Los Angeles Basin.
Cultural Familiarity and Individual Musical Taste Differently Affect Social Bonding when Moving to Music
Authors: Stupacher Jan , Witek Maria A. G. , Vuoskoski Jonna K. , Vuust Peter 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSocial bonds are essential for our health and well-being. Music provides a unique and implicit context for social bonding by introducing temporal and affective frameworks, which facilitate movement synchronization and increase affiliation. How these frameworks are modulated by cultural familiarity and individual musical preferences remain open questions. In three experiments, we operationalized the affective aspects of social interactions as ratings of interpersonal closeness between two walking stick-figures in a video. These figures represented a virtual self and a virtual other person. The temporal aspects of social interactions were manipulated by movement synchrony: while the virtual self always moved in time with the beat of instrumental music, the virtual other moved either synchronously or asynchronously. When the context-providing music was more enjoyed, social closeness increased strongly with a synchronized virtual other, but only weakly with an asynchronized virtual other. When the music was more familiar, social closeness was higher independent of movement synchrony. We conclude that the social context provided by music can strengthen interpersonal closeness by increasing temporal and affective self-other overlaps. Individual musical preferences might be more relevant for the influence of movement synchrony on social bonding than musical familiarity.
Two novel fish paralogs provide insights into the Rid family of imine deaminases active in pre-empting enamine/imine metabolic damage
Authors: Digiovanni Stefania , Visentin Cristina , Degani Genny , Barbiroli Alberto , Chiara Matteo , Regazzoni Luca , Di Pisa Flavio , Borchert Andrew J. , Downs Diana M. , Ricagno Stefano , Vanoni Maria Antonietta , Popolo Laura 
Published: June 2020

AbstractReactive Intermediate Deaminase (Rid) protein superfamily includes eight families among which the RidA is conserved in all domains of life. RidA proteins accelerate the deamination of the reactive 2-aminoacrylate (2AA), an enamine produced by some pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. 2AA accumulation inhibits target enzymes with a detrimental impact on fitness. As a consequence of whole genome duplication, teleost fish have two ridA paralogs, while other extant vertebrates contain a single-copy gene. We investigated the biochemical properties of the products of two paralogs, identified in Salmo salar. SsRidA-1 and SsRidA-2 complemented the growth defect of a Salmonella enterica ridA mutant, an in vivo model of 2AA stress. In vitro, both proteins hydrolyzed 2-imino acids (IA) to keto-acids and ammonia. SsRidA-1 was active on IA derived from nonpolar amino acids and poorly active or inactive on IA derived from other amino acids tested. In contrast, SsRidA-2 had a generally low catalytic efficiency, but showed a relatively higher activity with IA derived from L-Glu and aromatic amino acids. The crystal structures of SsRidA-1 and SsRidA-2 provided hints of the remarkably different conformational stability and substrate specificity. Overall, SsRidA-1 is similar to the mammalian orthologs whereas SsRidA-2 displays unique properties likely generated by functional specialization of a duplicated ancestral gene.
Early-onset atrial fibrillation patients show reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and increased atrial fibrosis
Authors: Andreasen Laura , Bertelsen Litten , Ghouse Jonas , Lundegaard Pia R. , Ahlberg Gustav , Refsgaard Lena , Rasmussen Torsten B. , Eiskjær Hans , Haunsø Stig , Vejlstrup Niels , Svendsen Jesper H. , Olesen Morten S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) has traditionally been considered an electrical heart disease. However, genetic studies have revealed that the structural architecture of the heart also play a significant role. We evaluated the functional and structural consequences of harboring a titin-truncating variant (TTNtv) in AF patients, using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Seventeen early-onset AF cases carrying a TTNtv, were matched 1:1 with non-AF controls and a replication cohort of early-onset AF cases without TTNtv, and underwent CMR. Cardiac volumes and left atrial late gadolinium enhancement (LA LGE), as a fibrosis proxy, were measured by a blinded operator. Results: AF cases with TTNtv had significantly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) compared with controls (57 ± 4 vs 64 ± 5%, P < 0.001). We obtained similar findings in early-onset AF patients without TTNtv compared with controls (61 ± 4 vs 64 ± 5%, P = 0.02). We furthermore found a statistically significant increase in LA LGE when comparing early-onset AF TTNtv cases with controls. Using state-of-the-art CMR, we found that early-onset AF patients, irrespective of TTNtv carrier status, had reduced LVEF, indicating that early-onset AF might not be as benign as previously thought.
The Impact of Trimetazidine on Disease Severity and Quality of Life in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Pintér Dávid , Juhász Annamária , Harmat Márk , Janszky József , Kovács Norbert 
Published: June 2020

AbstractTrimetazidine is contraindicated in movement disorders, however, a not negligible part of trimetazidine users is still patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The present study aimed to objectively determine the impact of trimetazidine on the severity of symptoms and the health-related quality of life of patients with PD by measuring changes after its withdrawal. A consecutive series of 42 patients with PD using trimetazidine underwent detailed neurological and neuropsychological assessments at baseline and three months after the discontinuation of trimetazidine. Clinically relevant improvements were achieved with discontinuation of trimetazidine according to changes in scores of each part of the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (Part I: −25.7%, p < 0.001; Part II: −23.8%, p < 0.001; Part III: −28.5%, p < 0.001; Part IV: −30.1%, p = 0.004) and total scores of the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (−25.6%, p = 0.004) and the Montgomery-Asberg-Depression Rating Scale (−20.1%, p = 0.001). Benefits resulting from the withdrawal of the drug also manifested in the improvement of the health-related quality of life based on changes in the summary index of the 39-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (−18.2%, p = 0.031). Our results provide clinical rationale for strictly avoiding the use of trimetazidine in PD. Discontinuation of trimetazidin results in clinically relevant improvements in Parkinsonian symptoms.
Evaluating the effect of overharvesting on genetic diversity and genetic population structure of the coconut crab
Authors: Yorisue Takefumi , Iguchi Akira , Yasuda Nina , Yoshioka Yuki , Sato Taku , Fujita Yoshihisa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBirgus latro(coconut crab) is an edible crustacean that has experienced serious overharvesting throughout its whole habitat range; however, the negative effects of overharvesting on the genetic diversity withinB. latropopulations have not been elucidated. Here, we report sex ratio, body size, and genetic diversity in populations ofB. latroin the Ryukyu Islands where large-male–biased overharvesting ofB. latrohas continued. In 2 of the study populations, the sex ratio was significantly skewed toward females, and in all of the study populations large males were rare, which we attributed to sex- and size-biased overharvesting. We found no differences in genetic diversity between small and large individuals, suggesting that genetic diversity, even among the large (i.e., old) individuals, may have had already been negatively affected by overharvesting. Continued monitoring of sex ratio, body size and genetic diversity are needed for effective management of the study populations.
A smart switching system to enable automatic tuning and detuning of metamaterial resonators in MRI scans
Authors: Saha Shimul , Pricci Roberto , Koutsoupidou Maria , Cano-Garcia Helena , Katana Ditjon , Rana Srinivas , Kosmas Panagiotis , Palikaras George , Webb Andrew , Kallos Efthymios 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe present a radio-frequency-activated switching system that can automatically detune a metamaterial resonator to enhance magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performance. Local sensitivity-enhancing metamaterials typically consist of resonant components, which means that the transmitted radio frequency field is spatially inhomogeneous. The switching system shows for the first time that a metamaterial resonator can be detuned during transmission and tuned during reception using a digital circuit. This allows a resonating system to maintain homogeneous transmit field while maintaining an increased receive sensitivity. As a result, sensitivity can be enhanced without changing the system-provided specific absorption rate (SAR) models. The developed digital circuit consists of inductors sensitive to the transmit radio-frequency pulses, along with diodes acting as switches to control the resonance frequency of the resonator. We first test the automatic resonator detuning on-the-bench, and subsequently evaluate it in a 1.5 T MRI scanner using tissue-mimicking phantoms. The scan results demonstrate that the switching mechanism automatically detunes the resonator in transmit mode, while retaining its sensitivity-enhancing properties (tuned to the Larmor frequency) in receive mode. Since it does not require any connection to the MRI console, the switching system can have broad applications and could be adapted for use with other types of MRI scanners and field-enhancing resonators.
The early predictive value of routine laboratory tests on the severity of acute pancreatitis patients in pregnancy: a retrospective study
Authors: Jin Di , Tan Jixue , Jiang Jingsun , Philips Dana , Liu Ling 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAcute pancreatitis in pregnancy (APIP) varies in severity from a self-limiting mild condition to a severe life-threatening condition, and its severity is significantly correlated with higher risks of maternal and foetal death. This study evaluated the early predictive value of routine laboratory tests on the severity of APIP patients. We enrolled 100 patients with APIP in West China Hospital. Initial routine laboratory tests, including the biochemistry and hematologic tests were collected within 48 hours after the onset of APIP. For predicting SAP in AP, LDH had the highest specificity of 0.879. RDW was a suitable predictive marker as it had the sensitivity of 0.882. Lower levels of triglycerides (<4.72 mmol/L) predicted mild AP of APIP, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.724, and a negative predictive value of 0.80. Furthermore, a risk score was calculated based on white blood cells, neutrophils, RDW, LMR and LDH, as an independent marker (adjusted odds ratio = 3.013, 95% CI 1.893 to 4.797, P < 0.001), with the highest AUC of 0.906, a sensitivity of 0.875 and a specificity of 0.828. In conclusion, the risk score we recommended was the powerful marker to aid in the early prediction of the severity of APIP patients.
Risk-taking and fairness among cocaine-dependent patients in dual diagnoses: Schizophrenia and Anti-Social Personality Disorder
Authors: Sabater-Grande Gerardo , Haro Gonzalo , García-Gallego Aurora , Georgantzís Nikolaos , Herranz-Zarzoso Noemí , Baquero Abel 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis study reports experimental results from a clinical sample of patients with a cocaine-related disorder and dual diagnosis: Schizophrenia and Anti-Social Personality Disorder. Both types of patients as well as a non-clinical group of students performed two incentivized decision-making tasks. In the first part of the experiment, they performed a lottery-choice task in order to elicit their degree of risk aversion. In the second part, they decided in two modified dictator games aimed at eliciting their aversion to advantageous and disadvantageous inequality. It is found that the Anti-Social Personality Disorder group exhibits no significant differences from the non-clinical sample in either task. However, compared with the students’ sample, subjects from the group with schizophrenia show more risk aversion and exhibit more aversion towards disadvantageous inequality.
Comparative Performance of Body Composition Parameters in Prediction of Death in Hospitalized Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Cohort Study
Authors: Wu Buyun , Yan Chenyan , Zhang Sufeng , Ge Yifei , Xu Xueqiang , Wang Yajie , Xu Lin , Zhang Chengning , Huang Zhimin , Ren Haibin , Wu Jingjing , Xing Changying , Mao Huijuan 
Published: June 2020

AbstractWe compared the prognostic value of nutritional or volumetric parameters measured by body composition in hospitalized patients on maintenance hemodialysis. We conducted a cohort study to assess the association of different parameters of body composition with all-cause mortality in inpatients admitted to our nephrology department from January 2014 to December 2016. Of the 704 study patients, 160 (22.7%) died during a median follow-up of 33 months. In multivariate adjusted Cox models, higher ratio of extracellular water to body cell mass (ECW/BCM) (adjusted HR per 1-SD, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.85), lower lean tissue index (LTI) (adjusted HR per 1-SD, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.86) and lower body cell mass index (BCMI) (adjusted HR per 1-SD, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.85) were associated with a significantly greater risk of death. When these parameters were added to the fully adjusted model, BCMI performed best in improving the predictability for all-cause mortality (integrated discrimination improvement = 0.02, P = 0.04; net reclassification index = 0.11, P = 0.04). Among body composition indexes, ECW/BCM was the most relevant fluid volume indices to mortality and BCMI and LTI were the most relevant nutritional status indices to mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
Mapping CRISPR spaceromes reveals vast host-specific viromes of prokaryotes
Authors: Shmakov Sergey A. , Wolf Yuri I. , Savitskaya Ekaterina , Severinov Konstantin V. , Koonin Eugene V. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractCRISPR arrays contain spacers, some of which are homologous to genome segments of viruses and other parasitic genetic elements and are employed as portion of guide RNAs to recognize and specifically inactivate the target genomes. However, the fraction of the spacers in sequenced CRISPR arrays that reliably match protospacer sequences in genomic databases is small, leaving the question of the origin(s) open for the great majority of the spacers. Here, we extend the spacer analysis by examining the distribution of partial matches (matching k-mers) between spacers and genomes of viruses infecting the given host as well as the host genomes themselves. The results indicate that most of the spacers originate from the host-specific viromes, whereas self-targeting is strongly selected against. However, we present evidence that the vast majority of the viruses comprising the viromes currently remain unknown although they are likely to be related to identified viruses.