bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester inhibits multispecies biofilm formation and cariogenicity
Authors: Kokilakanit Paopanga , Dungkhuntod Nonthakorn , Serikul Nitchadakorn , Koontongkaew Sittichai , Utispan Kusumawadee 
Published: February 2025

Background
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a natural phenolic compound, has demonstrated antibacterial effects. Dental caries etiology is multifactorial, including a cariogenic biofilm containing multispecies bacteria. However, the antibacterial property of CAPE on multispecies biofilm is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of CAPE on the formation and cariogenicity in biofilm containing Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, and Streptococcus mitis.

Methods
S. mutans (ATCC 25175), S. oralis (ATCC 35037), and S. mitis (ATCC 49456T) were employed in this investigation. Each bacterial strain was cultured in the presence of CAPE, followed by susceptibility assessment through optical density measurements at a 600 nm wavelength. Multispecies biofilm formation was achieved by co-culturing S. mutans, S. oralis, and S. mitis at a 1:1:1 ratio on hydroxyapatite-coated 96-well plates. The anti-adherence activity of CAPE on multispecies biofilm was evaluated using a crystal violet staining assay. Cariogenic gene expression level and glucosyltransferase (GTF) function in CAPE-treated mixed bacteria were evaluated using real-time PCR and enzyme activity assay, respectively. The thickness and bacterial viability in CAPE-treated multispecies biofilm were examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Results
CAPE demonstrated a significant antimicrobial effect on S. mutans, S. oralis, and S. mitis (p < 0.05). The inhibition concentration 50% (IC50) of CAPE against S. mutans, S. oralis, and S. mitis ranged from 1.6–6.4 mg/ml. CAPE significantly hindered the multispecies biofilm adherence (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in acidogenicity, aciduricity, sucrose-dependent adhesion and quorum sensing mechanism and GTF activity were significantly decreased in CAPE-treated mixed bacteria (p < 0.05). In a multispecies biofilm, CAPE significantly reduced its thickness and viable bacteria population (p < 0.05). In conclusion, CAPE exhibited antimicrobial, anti-adherence and anti-cariogenic effects within a multispecies biofilm. These findings suggest the potential use of CAPE as an adjunctive anti-cariogenic agent in future dental applications.
The outcome of placenta accreta in Kuwait (1981–1993)
Authors: Makhseed M. , Moussa M.A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectives: To study the demographic characteristics of patients with placenta accreta and to identify the clinical features, maternal and neonatal complications of this condition. Methods: Sixteen cases of placenta accreta were identified in the Maternity Hospital of Kuwait during the period January 1981 to July 1993. Medical records were reviewed regarding past obstetric history, type of placenta, clinical presentation, maternal and fetal outcome. Results: The rate of placenta accreta was found to be 98 per 1 000 000 deliveries. Emergency hysterectomy was needed in 87.5% of cases. There was one maternal death (6.25%) and three perinatal deaths (18.75%). Hemorrhage was the major presenting symptom either externally and antenatally in previa accreta or postpartum in accreta of the upper segment or internally in the same cases. The major postoperative complications were coagulopathy, urinary injury, pelvic hematoma and abscess, in addition to cardiac arrest. These complications, when considered separately, were not affected by a previous history of uterine scarring. Conclusions: Placenta accreta is a major cause of obstetric hemorrhage and has an adverse effect on maternal and neonatal outcome. It ought to be considered a possibility in patients with previous uterine scarring, placenta previa or retained placenta. It will remain a growing problem in the developing countries due to the rising incidence of previous multiple cesarean sections. Unfortunately the latter do not deter women in this part of the world from insisting upon having big families and refusing tubal ligation.
The effect of behavioral states on fetal heart rate and middle cerebral artery flow‐velocity waveforms in normal full‐term fetuses
Authors: Shono M. , Shono H. , Ito Y. , Muro M. , Uchiyama A. , Sugimori H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the effect of fetal behavioral states on the relationship between fetal heart rate (FHR) and middle cerebral artery resistance index (MCA RI) in normal fetuses. Methods: The FHR and MCA RI of 10 normal cases from 37 to 40 weeks of gestation were recorded consecutively over a 45‐min period. Correlations between the MCA RI and FHR during resting and active phases, classified by an actocardiotocogram, were analyzed by simple regression analysis. Results: The mean FHR and MCA RI were significantly higher during the active phase (140.3 ± 6.6 bpm, 0.79 ± 0.06) than those during the resting phase (137.4 ± 6.8 bpm, 0.75 ± 0.07, P < 0.01, two sample t‐test). There was a significant negative correlation (r = −0.22, n = 2642, P < 0.01) between RI and FHR during the active phase and a significant positive correlation (r = 0.28, n = 2066, P < 0.001) during the resting phase. Conclusions: The relationship between FHR and the MCA RI during the resting phase is different from during the active phase.
The effect of improving maternity services in a secondary facility, Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: Sabitu K , Alti‐Mu'azu M , Musa A.A , Ifenne D.I , Essien E.S , Golji N.G , Adidu V , Mukaddas M ,   (The Zaria PMM Team)
Published: July 2002

AbstractPreliminary studies: Facility review at the secondary hospital in Makarfi revealed a lack of drugs and skilled personnel and delays in treating and referring women with obstetric complications. Interventions: In 1994, maternity facilities were renovated, a revolving drug fund was introduced, midwives were trained and an ambulance was restored to service. Attempts to secure a physician with skills in treating obstetric emergencies were unsuccessful. Prior to these activities, obstetric services at the referral hospital were improved. Community interventions focused on improving utilization by women with complications. Results: Between 1990 and 1995, substantial increases occurred in antenatal attendance (2517 to 5565 per year) and deliveries (325 to 1952 per year). The number of women with complications seeking care at this facility, however, dropped from 85 in 1990 to 28 in 1995. Referrals to higher level facilities increased from four in 1990 to 17 in 1995. Costs: The cost of the interventions was approximately US $32 000. Ninety‐eight percent was paid by the government and 2% by PMM. Conclusions: Improving the quality of maternity services can increase utilization by women with uncomplicated pregnancies. However, utilization of emergency services appears to be influenced by other factors, such as the ability to treat obstetric complications and prevailing economic conditions. © 1997 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
Collaboration with government leaders to promote sustainability, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Duke F , Asuquo E , Ottong J , Olaniran N , Ekanem E ,   The Calabar PMM Team
Published: July 2002

AbstractPreliminary studies: Focus group studies and facility reviews revealed poorly equipped and under‐utilized emergency obstetric facilities in two rural communities in Cross River State, Nigeria. Interventions: Beginning in late 1992, state and local government leaders were contacted to sensitize them to the problem of maternal mortality and enlist their cooperation in activities to upgrade obstetric services. Results: A maternal health unit was created in the State Ministry of Health. Government officials were instrumental in upgrading hospital and polyclinic facilities, correcting staff shortages, repairing an ambulance, establishing a blood bank, granting leave to midwives for participation in skills workshops and facilitating dissemination of information. Costs: Nineteen visits to government officials required approximately 33 person‐days of the team's time. Transportation, communication and per diems were also paid. Government contributed a considerable amount in staff time and provided venues for workshops. Conclusions: A great deal can be achieved to improve emergency obstetric services through collaboration with government. Support and cooperation of government leaders can also enhance sustainability of interventions. © 1997 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
Improving blood availability in a district hospital, Bo, Sierra Leone
Authors: Sengeh P , Samai O , Sidique S.K , Kebbie A , Fofana P , Stephens S ,   (The Bo PMM Team)
Published: July 2002

AbstractPreliminary studies: A situation analysis of Bo Government Hospital found there was no functioning blood bank. Focus group discussions revealed negative perceptions of community members regarding donation and transfusion of blood. Interventions: In late 1992, the hospital laboratory was refurbished: a refrigerator, freezer, reagents and other equipment and supplies were provided and technicians were trained. Consequently, small quantities of blood could be stored and rapidly transfused. Other improvements to obstetric services in the hospital were undertaken at the same time. Afterwards, community education to encourage blood donation was done. Results: The number of units of blood drawn increased from 304 to 501 (65%) from 1992 to 1993 (the first intervention year); the number actually transfused increased from 296 to 452 (53%). By the third intervention year (1995), the annual numbers of units drawn and transfused were 469 and 422, respectively. Case fatality rates for major obstetric complications were lower in all post‐intervention years (10% in 1993, 7% in 1994, 10% in 1995) as compared to 1992 (13%). Costs: Cost of improvements to blood services in the hospital was nearly US $10 000, of which 77% was used to purchase supplies and equipment. Conclusions: Even in settings with irregular electrical supply, storage of small quantities of blood is possible. Ready availability of blood may contribute to improved quality of obstetric care and improved survival among patients. © 1997 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
Low‐intensity ultrasound stimulates endochondral ossification in vitro
Authors: Nolte P. A. , Klein‐Nulend J. , Albers G. H. R. , Marti R. K. , Semeins C. M. , Goei S. W. , Burger E. H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractAnimal and clinical studies have shown an acceleration of bone healing by the application of low‐intensity ultrasound. The objective of this study was to examine in vitro the influence of low‐intensity ultrasound on endochondral ossification of 17‐day‐old fetal mouse metatarsal rudiments.Forty‐six triplets of paired metatarsal rudiments were resected ‘en block’ and cultured for 7 days with and without low‐intensity ultrasound stimulation (30 mw/cm2). At days 1, 3, 5, and 7, the total length of the metatarsal rudiments, as well as the length of the calcified diaphysis were measured. Histology of the tissue was performed to examine its vitality.The increase in length of the calcified diaphysis during 7 days of culture was significantly higher in the ultrasound‐treated rudiments compared to the untreated controls (P = 0.006). The growth of the control diaphysis was 180 ± 30 μm (mean ± SEM), while the growth of the ultrasound‐treated diaphysis was 530 ± 120 μm. The total length of the metatarsal rudiments was not affected by ultrasound treatment. Histology revealed a healthy condition of both ultrasound‐treated and control rudiments.In conclusion, low‐intensity ultrasound treatment stimulated endochondral ossification of fetal mouse metatarsal rudiments. This might be due to stimulation of activity and/or differentiation of osteoblasts and hypertrophic chondrocytes. Our results support the hypothesis that low‐intensity ultrasound activates ossification via a direct effect on osteoblasts and ossifying cartilage. © 2001 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Two-dimensional anxiety: A confirmation using a computerized neuropsychological testing of attentional performance
Authors: Mialet JP , Bisserbe JC , Jacobs A , Pope HG 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of anxiety on attentional performance with neutral stimuli. It was set up as follows: a fourfold comparison was made of trait anxiety and state anxiety. Sixty-two undergraduate students were included in the study, and four groups of subjects were set up by a median split of the scores obtained on the Spielberger Trait and State Anxiety Inventory (STAI): high trait-high state (N = 18); high trait-low state (N = 11); low trait-low state (N = 23); low trait-high state (N = 10). A computerized battery of neuropsychological tests, the ACE battery, was administered to provide a multidimensional assessment of attention. The ACE battery comprises five tests which assess the following aspects of attention: ability to monitor a routine task; temporal preparation; visual detection; memory span; visual spatial attention and memory. High state anxious subjects displayed impairment in executive functions, manifested by a significantly higher level of motor preparation in a simple reaction time (RT) task and a speed accuracy trade-off in a divided attention task; high trait anxious subjects performed significantly better on the visual detection task. No trait × state interaction was found. It was concluded that high state anxiety is associated with psychomotor alertness and high trait anxiety with perceptual alertness. These two dimensions of psychometric anxiety seem to have effects on attention that are independent of one another and which should be analysed separately in the future.
The deficit syndrome in first-admission patients with psychotic and non-psychotic disorders
Authors: Gerbaldo H , Georgi K , Pieschl D 
Published: July 2002

SummaryThe authors study the frequency of primary enduring negative symptoms in first-admission patients with schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic disorders. Carpenter's criteria for distinguishing the primary, enduring negative symptoms from the more transient negative symptoms (secondary to different factors) were applied. Furthermore, they compare negative symptom complexes between first-admission patients and patients with recurrent hospitalizations (within 5 years after first admission). There was a trend for patients with recurrent admissions to show more frequently a deficit syndrome than first-admission patients. Nevertheless, this difference was not significant (χ2 = 0.90). First-admission patients with deficit syndrome had significantly higher affective blunting (P < 0.05) and anhedonia (P < 0.001) than those with recurrent admissions. First-admission subjects with psychotic disorders had significantly higher frequency of deficit syndrome than those first-admission patients with non-psychotic disorders (P < 0.05). These results show that negative symptoms observed in first-admitted non-schizophrenic patients can also be enduring and primary. Thereby this work does not contribute to support the specificity of primary enduring negative symptoms for schizophrenia. Moreover, data suggest, that primary anhedonia and affective blunting can decrease within the first 5 years after discharge.
Initial findings in traumatic peripheral nerve injury and repair with diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Pridmore Michael D. , Glassman Gabriella E. , Pollins Alonda C. , Manzanera Esteve Isaac V. , Drolet Brian C. , Weikert Douglas R. , Does Mark D. , Perdikis Galen , Thayer Wesley P. , Dortch Richard D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveManagement of peripheral nerve injuries requires physicians to rely on qualitative measures from patient history, electromyography, and physical exam. Determining a successful nerve repair can take months to years for proximal injuries, and the resulting delays in clinical decision‐making can lead to a negative impact on patient outcomes. Early identification of a failed nerve repair could prevent permanent muscle atrophy and loss of function. This study aims to test the feasibility of performing diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to evaluate injury and recovery following repair of wrist trauma. We hypothesize that DTI provides a noninvasive and reliable assessment of regeneration, which may improve clinical decision‐making and alter the clinical course of surgical interventions.MethodsClinical and MRI measurements from subjects with traumatic peripheral nerve injury, carpal tunnel syndrome, and healthy control subjects were compared to evaluate the relationship between DTI metrics and injury severity.ResultsFractional anisotropy from DTI was sensitive to differences between damaged and healthy nerves, damaged and compressed nerves, and injured and healthy contralateral nerves. Longitudinal measurements in two injury subjects also related to clinical outcomes. Implications of other diffusion measures are also discussed.InterpretationDTI is a sensitive tool for wrist nerve injuries and can be utilized for monitoring nerve recovery. Across three subjects with nerve injuries, this study has shown how DTI can detect abnormalities between injured and healthy nerves, measure recovery, and determine if re‐operation was successful. Additional comparisons to carpal tunnel syndrome and healthy nerves show that DTI is sensitive to the degree of impairment.
Enhancing the Sensitivity of Photoelectrochemical DNA Biosensing Using Plasmonic DNA Barcodes and Differential Signal Readout
Authors: Victorious Amanda , Saha Sudip , Pandey Richa , Soleymani Leyla 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical biosensors hold great promise for sensitive bioanalysis; however, similar to their electrochemical analogues, they are highly affected by the variable backgrounds caused by biological matrices. We developed a new PEC biosensing strategy that uses differential signal generation, combining signals from two separate but correlated binding events on the biosensor, for improving the limit‐of‐detection, sensitivity, and specificity of PEC DNA biosensors in biological samples. In this assay, the binding of unlabeled target DNA is followed by the capture of a signal amplification barcode featuring a plasmonic nanoparticle. The interaction of the plasmonic barcode with the semiconductive building blocks of the biosensor results in significant signal amplification, and together with differential signal processing enhances the limit of detection and sensitivity of the assay by up to 15‐ and three‐fold, respectively, compared to the previously‐used PEC assays with a single binding event, demonstrating a limit of detection of 3 fM.
Auxetic Two‐Dimensional Nanostructures from DNA**
Authors: Li Ruixin , Chen Haorong , Choi Jong Hyun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractArchitectured materials exhibit negative Poisson's ratios and enhanced mechanical properties compared with regular materials. Their auxetic behaviors emerge from periodic cellular structures regardless of the materials used. The majority of such metamaterials are constructed by top‐down approaches and macroscopic with unit cells of microns or larger. There are also molecular auxetics including natural crystals which are not designable. There is a gap from few nanometers to microns, which may be filled by biomolecular self‐assembly. Herein, we demonstrate two‐dimensional auxetic nanostructures using DNA origami. Structural reconfigurations are performed by two‐step DNA reactions and complemented by mechanical deformation studies using molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the auxetic behaviors are mostly defined by geometrical designs, yet the properties of the materials also play an important role. From elasticity theory, we introduce design principles for auxetic DNA metamaterials.
Efficient n‐Doping of Polymeric Semiconductors through Controlling the Dynamics of Solution‐State Polymer Aggregates
Authors: Xiong Miao , Yan Xinwen , Li Jia‐Tong , Zhang Song , Cao Zhiqiang , Prine Nathaniel , Lu Yang , Wang Jie‐Yu , Gu Xiaodan , Lei Ting 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDoping of polymeric semiconductors limits the miscibility between polymers and dopants. Although significant efforts have been devoted to enhancing miscibility through chemical modification, the electrical conductivities of n‐doped polymeric semiconductors are usually below 10 S cm−1. We report a different approach to overcome the miscibility issue by modulating the solution‐state aggregates of conjugated polymers. We found that the solution‐state aggregates of conjugated polymers not only changed with solvent and temperature but also changed with solution aging time. Modulating the solution‐state polymer aggregates can directly influence their solid‐state microstructures and miscibility with dopants. As a result, both high doping efficiency and high charge‐carrier mobility were simultaneously obtained. The n‐doped electrical conductivity of P(PzDPP‐CT2) can be tuned up to 32.1 S cm−1. This method can also be used to improve the doping efficiency of other polymer systems (e.g. N2200) with different aggregation tendencies and behaviors.
Self‐Assembly of a Semiconductive and Photoactive Heterobimetallic Metal–Organic Capsule
Authors: Hu Xiangquan , Han Meirong , Shao Li , Zhang Chen , Zhang Le , Kelley Steven P. , Zhang Chi , Lin Jian , Dalgarno Scott J. , Atwood David A. , Feng Sisi , Atwood Jerry L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report the synthesis of a novel metal–organic capsule constructed from six pyrogallol[4]arene macrocycles, which are switched together by 16 FeIII and 16 CoII ions. This supramolecular structure is the first instance of a spheroidal heterometallic nanocage assembled through a one‐step metal–ligand coordination approach. This new assembly also demonstrates an important proof of concept through the formation of multiple heterometallic metal–metal interactions within the capsule framework. Photophysical and electrochemical studies of self‐assembled capsule films indicate their potential as semiconductors. These materials display unexpected photoelectric conversion properties, thus representing an emergent phenomenon in discrete metal–organic supramolecular assemblies.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenation Through an Intermolecular Hydrogen Atom Transfer Mechanism
Authors: Huang Lin , Bismuto Alessandro , Rath Simon A. , Trapp Nils , Morandi Bill 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe direct dehydrogenation of alkanes is among the most efficient ways to access valuable alkene products. Although several catalysts have been designed to promote this transformation, they have unfortunately found limited applications in fine chemical synthesis. Here, we report a conceptually novel strategy for the catalytic, intermolecular dehydrogenation of alkanes using a ruthenium catalyst. The combination of a redox‐active ligand and a sterically hindered aryl radical intermediate has unleashed this novel strategy. Importantly, mechanistic investigations have been performed to provide a conceptual framework for the further development of this new catalytic dehydrogenation system.