bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leading or Cheer-Leading? The Gender Gap in Political Smiles
Authors: Koo Sejin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn contrast to men, women are often assumed to bear the burden of making others feel comfortable through positive emotional displays such as smiling. However, in the literature, the empirical evidence for the relevance of gender stereotypes in explaining electoral outcomes remains inconclusive. By focusing on gender stereotypes regarding facial emotional displays, this study addresses the gendered consequence of candidates’ smiling on their electoral fortunes. I analyze the results of the 2014 Korean local elections and measure candidate smiles on campaign posters by employing a biometric artificial intelligence application detecting facial emotions in images. The results demonstrate that the smiling effect has a powerful positive impact on the electoral performance of women candidates running in a multicandidate race. The positive effect is limited for women running in two-candidate races and for male candidates regardless of the number of competitors. The findings suggest that voters use intuitive cues such as candidate facial displays in electoral posters when choosing among multiple candidates in low-information settings. This study contributes to a better understanding of the activation of gender stereotypes in the electoral process.
Remembering and Forgetting the Last War: Discursive Memory of the Sino-Vietnamese War in China and Vietnam
Authors: Yin Qingfei , Path Kosal 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe year 2019 marked the 40th anniversary of the outbreak of the Sino-Vietnamese War in 1979. Making use of published and unpublished Chinese, Vietnamese, and English sources, this article traces the tensions between official and popular memories of the Sino-Vietnamese War of 1979 in China and Vietnam, respectively. We argue that these tensions existed because the development of the official Chinese and Vietnamese memories of the war largely mirrored each other. Between 1991 and roughly 2006, when bilateral relations between the countries improved, both Beijing and Hanoi claimed victory for their side while simultaneously downplaying the bloodshed, tragedy, and loss experienced during the war. However, they have reacted to the rise of popular memories since the early 2000s in very different ways. While Beijing walks a thin line between accommodating appeals for greater recognition of the sacrifices made by ordinary soldiers without provoking social discontent with the political system, Hanoi has been more successful in mobilising Vietnamese popular memory of the war to strike a measured nationalistic response to China. How China and Vietnam remember and downplay the Sino-Vietnamese War points to the bigger picture of the sensitivity of bilateral relations to historical memory in Asia. In particular, historical memory shapes how a country perceives external threats and opportunities, while historical memory is created, suppressed, and re-created as international relations evolve.
Impact of iron formulations on topramezone injury to bermudagrass
Authors: Boyd Adam P. , McElroy J. Scott , Han David Y. , Guertal Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractGoosegrass control options in bermudagrass are limited. Topramezone is one option that offers excellent control of mature goosegrass, but application to bermudagrass results in unacceptable symptoms of bleaching and necrosis typical of hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors. Previous research has shown that adding chelated iron reduced the phytotoxicity of topramezone without reducing the efficacy of the herbicide, resulting in safening when applied to bermudagrass. Our objective was to examine additional iron sources to determine whether similar safening effects occur with other sources. Field trials were conducted in the summers of 2016 to 2018 (Auburn University). Mixtures of topramezone and methylated seed oil were combined with six different commercial iron sources, including sodium ferric ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenyl-acetate (FeEDDHA), ferrous diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (FeDTPA), iron citrate, FeSO4, and a combination of iron oxide/sucrate/sulfate, some of which contained nitrogen. Bermudagrass necrosis and bleaching symptoms were visually rated on a 0% to 100% scale. Reflectance (normalized difference vegetation index) and clipping yield measurements were also collected. Application of FeDTPA and FeSO4 reduced symptoms of bleaching and necrosis when applied with topramezone. Other treatments that contained nitrogen did not reduce injury but did reduce bermudagrass recovery time following the appearance of necrosis. Inclusion of small amounts of nitrogen often negated the safening effects of FeSO4. The iron oxide/sucrate/sulfate product had no effect on bleaching or necrosis. Data suggest that the iron source had a differential effect on bleaching and necrosis reduction when applied in combination with topramezone to bermudagrass. Overall, FeSO4 and FeDTPA safened topramezone the most on bermudagrass.
Neurotizismus, Stressverarbeitung und Lebensqualität bei Jugendlichen
Authors: Hampel Petra , Petermann Franz 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Persönlichkeitsmerkmale und Stressverarbeitungskompetenzen haben eine große Bedeutung in der psychosozialen Anpassung an belastende Situationen von Jugendlichen. Fragestellung: Diese Studie untersuchte den vermittelnden Effekt der Stressverarbeitung auf die Beziehung zwischen Neurotizismus und gesundheitsbezogener Lebensqualität unter Kontrolle des Geschlechts und Herkunftslandes. Methode: Es wurden vier einfache Mediationsanalysen mit den Kovariaten „Geschlecht“ und „Herkunftsland“ über N = 176 Siebtklässler aus Deutschland und Österreich durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Die problembezogene Bewältigung vermittelte den ungünstigen Einfluss des Neurotizismus auf die eltern- und schulbezogene Lebensqualität. Die ungünstige Stressverarbeitung vermittelte lediglich zwischen Neurotizismus und schulbezogener, nicht aber elternbezogener Lebensqualität. Schlussfolgerung: Die Befunde unterstützen die Notwendigkeit zielgruppenspezifischer Gesundheitsförderprogramme zur Steigerung der Stressverarbeitungskompetenzen bereits im Grundschulalter. Hierbei deutete sich ein besonderer Bedarf bei Mädchen im Jugendalter an.
Remote Sensing of Sea Surface Salinity Variability in the South China Sea
Authors: Yi Daling Li , Melnichenko Oleg , Hacker Peter , Potemra James 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUsing newly available satellite observations of sea surface salinity (SSS), we provide, for the first time, a detailed and synoptic view of the spatiotemporal variability of SSS in the South China Sea (SCS). The results depict the SCS as a very dynamic region exhibiting variability over a broad range of time scales, from intraseasonal to interannual, with the seasonal cycle dominating (∼47% of the total SSS variance). The seasonal distribution of SSS has considerable latitudinal variations: the strongest variance across the southern SCS (∼5–12°N), weaker in the northern part of the sea (north of ∼18°N), with the weakest seasonal SSS variability in between. The factors controlling patterns of seasonal SSS distribution are closely related to both the external freshwater forcing and ocean processes over the entire SCS monsoon system. The most active interannual SSS variability is found in the northeastern and eastern parts of the SCS, as well as the adjacent western Pacific. A significant basin‐wide salinification began in summer of 2015, peaked in spring of 2016 with the averaged amplitude of up to 0.5 PSU, and maintained until the fall of 2016. Such persistent salinification during 2015–2016 following a strong El Nino event can be largely modulated by El Nino‐related atmospheric and oceanic dynamics. The intraseasonal variability was found to be surprisingly weak throughout the SCS (the standard deviation <0.2 PSU), except for a few regions near the coast where it is likely related to the intraseasonal variability in the monsoon rainfall and subsequent variations in river runoff.
Evaluating the Potential and Challenges of an Uncertainty Quantification Method for Long Short‐Term Memory Models for Soil Moisture Predictions
Authors: Fang Kuai , Kifer Daniel , Lawson Kathryn , Shen Chaopeng 
Published: November 2020

AbstractRecently, recurrent deep networks have shown promise to harness newly available satellite‐sensed data for long‐term soil moisture projections. However, to be useful in forecasting, deep networks must also provide uncertainty estimates. Here we evaluated Monte Carlo dropout with an input‐dependent data noise term (MCD+N), an efficient uncertainty estimation framework originally developed in computer vision, for hydrologic time series predictions. MCD+N simultaneously estimates a heteroscedastic input‐dependent data noise term (a trained error model attributable to observational noise) and a network weight uncertainty term (attributable to insufficiently constrained model parameters). Although MCD+N has appealing features, many heuristic approximations were employed during its derivation, and rigorous evaluations and evidence of its asserted capability to detect dissimilarity were lacking. To address this, we provided an in‐depth evaluation of the scheme's potential and limitations. We showed that for reproducing soil moisture dynamics recorded by the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, MCD+N indeed gave a good estimate of predictive error, provided that we tuned a hyperparameter and used a representative training data set. The input‐dependent term responded strongly to observational noise, while the model term clearly acted as a detector for physiographic dissimilarity from the training data, behaving as intended. However, when the training and test data were characteristically different, the input‐dependent term could be misled, undermining its reliability. Additionally, due to the data‐driven nature of the model, data noise also influences network weight uncertainty, and therefore the two uncertainty terms are correlated. Overall, this approach has promise, but care is needed to interpret the results.
Identification of candidate genetic variants and altered protein expression in neural stem and mature neural cells support altered microtubule function to be an essential component in bipolar disorder
Authors: Truvé Katarina , Parris Toshima Z. , Vizlin-Hodzic Dzeneta , Salmela Susanne , Berger Evelin , Ågren Hans , Funa Keiko 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIdentification of causative genetic variants leading to the development of bipolar disorder (BD) could result in genetic tests that would facilitate diagnosis. A better understanding of affected genes and pathways is also necessary for targeting of genes that may improve treatment strategies. To date several susceptibility genes have been reported from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but little is known about specific variants that affect disease development. Here, we performed quantitative proteomics and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Quantitative proteomics revealed NLRP2 as the most significantly up-regulated protein in neural stem cells and mature neural cells obtained from BD-patient cell samples. These results are in concordance with our previously published transcriptome analysis. Furthermore, the levels of FEZ2 and CADM2 proteins were also significantly differentially expressed in BD compared to control derived cells. The levels of FEZ2 were significantly downregulated in neural stem cells (NSC) while CADM2 was significantly up-regulated in mature neuronal cell culture. Promising novel candidate mutations were identified in theANK3, NEK3, NEK7, TUBB, ANKRD1, andBRD2genes. A literature search of candidate variants and deregulated proteins revealed that there are several connections to microtubule function for the molecules putatively involved. Microtubule function in neurons is critical for axon structure and axonal transport. A functional dynamic microtubule is also needed for an advocate response to cellular and environmental stress. If microtubule dynamics is compromised by mutations, it could be followed by deregulated expression forming a possible explanation for the inherited vulnerability to stressful life events that have been proposed to trigger mood episodes in BD patients.
The novel interplay between CD44 standard isoform and the caspase-1/IL1B pathway to induce hepatocellular carcinoma progression
Authors: Li Jun , Zhang Yongwei , Ruan Ran , He Wei , Qian Yeben 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAccumulating data indicate caspase-1 (CASP1), one of the inflammatory caspases, promotes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression in tumor proliferation, invasion, EMT phenotype and sorafenib resistance. However, the molecular basis of regulating caspase-1 expression and caspase-1/IL1B (interleukin-1β) pathway in HCC remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated the novel interplay between caspase-1/IL1B activation and cluster differentiation 44 standard isoform (CD44s) in HCC. In this study, we observed that CD44s is responsible for caspase-1/IL1B activation both in HCC tissues and five HCC cell lines. In normoxia conditions, CD44s knockdown repressed the activation of caspase-1/IL1B via stimulating AMPK-mediated autophagy. Moreover, our data suggested that p62-induced autophagic degradation of caspase-1 accounted for caspase-1/IL1B inactivation in CD44s deficient cells. Administration of recombinant human IL1B could rescue impaired proliferation, invasion, and EMT phenotype in CD44s deficient HCC cells. Lastly, hypoxia-mediated caspase-1/IL1B overexpression could be abolished by CD44s downregulation through decreasing HIF1A and enhancing autophagic activity. Overall, targeting CD44s is a novel inhibitory mechanism of caspase-1/IL1B expression, both in normoxia and hypoxia conditions.
Spin filtering by proximity effects at hybridized interfaces in spin-valves with 2D graphene barriers
Authors: Piquemal-Banci Maëlis , Galceran Regina , Dubois Simon M.-M. , Zatko Victor , Galbiati Marta , Godel Florian , Martin Marie-Blandine , Weatherup Robert S. , Petroff Frédéric , Fert Albert , Charlier Jean-Christophe , Robertson John , Hofmann Stephan , Dlubak Bruno , Seneor Pierre 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe report on spin transport in state-of-the-art epitaxial monolayer graphene based 2D-magnetic tunnel junctions (2D-MTJs). In our measurements, supported by ab-initio calculations, the strength of interaction between ferromagnetic electrodes and graphene monolayers is shown to fundamentally control the resulting spin signal. In particular, by switching the graphene/ferromagnet interaction, spin transport reveals magneto-resistance signal MR > 80% in junctions with low resistance × area products. Descriptions based only on a simple K-point filtering picture (i.e. MR increase with the number of layers) are not sufficient to predict the behavior of our devices. We emphasize that hybridization effects need to be taken into account to fully grasp the spin properties (such as spin dependent density of states) when 2D materials are used as ultimately thin interfaces. While this is only a first demonstration, we thus introduce the fruitful potential of spin manipulation by proximity effect at the hybridized 2D material / ferromagnet interface for 2D-MTJs.
Human endogenous retroviruses form a reservoir of T cell targets in hematological cancers
Authors: Saini Sunil Kumar , Ørskov Andreas Due , Bjerregaard Anne-Mette , Unnikrishnan Ashwin , Holmberg-Thydén Staffan , Borch Annie , Jensen Kathrine Valentini , Anande Govardhan , Bentzen Amalie Kai , Marquard Andrea Marion , Tamhane Tripti , Treppendahl Marianne Bach , Gang Anne Ortved , Dufva Inge Høgh , Szallasi Zoltan , Ternette Nicola , Pedersen Anders Gorm , Eklund Aron Charles , Pimanda John , Grønbæk Kirsten , Hadrup Sine Reker 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHuman endogenous retroviruses (HERV) form a substantial part of the human genome, but mostly remain transcriptionally silent under strict epigenetic regulation, yet can potentially be reactivated by malignant transformation or epigenetic therapies. Here, we evaluate the potential for T cell recognition of HERV elements in myeloid malignancies by mapping transcribed HERV genes and generating a library of 1169 potential antigenic HERV-derived peptides predicted for presentation by 4 HLA class I molecules. Using DNA barcode-labeled MHC-I multimers, we find CD8+ T cell populations recognizing 29 HERV-derived peptides representing 18 different HERV loci, of which HERVH-5, HERVW-1, and HERVE-3 have more profound responses; such HERV-specific T cells are present in 17 of the 34 patients, but less frequently in healthy donors. Transcriptomic analyses reveal enhanced transcription of the HERVs in patients; meanwhile DNA-demethylating therapy causes a small and heterogeneous enhancement in HERV transcription without altering T cell recognition. Our study thus uncovers T cell recognition of HERVs in myeloid malignancies, thereby implicating HERVs as potential targets for immunotherapeutic therapies.
FABP3-mediated membrane lipid saturation alters fluidity and induces ER stress in skeletal muscle with aging
Authors: Lee Seung-Min , Lee Seol Hee , Jung Youngae , Lee Younglang , Yoon Jong Hyun , Choi Jeong Yi , Hwang Chae Young , Son Young Hoon , Park Sung Sup , Hwang Geum-Sook , Lee Kwang-Pyo , Kwon Ki-Sun 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSarcopenia is characterized by decreased skeletal muscle mass and function with age. Aged muscles have altered lipid compositions; however, the role and regulation of lipids are unknown. Here we report that FABP3 is upregulated in aged skeletal muscles, disrupting homeostasis via lipid remodeling. Lipidomic analyses reveal that FABP3 overexpression in young muscles alters the membrane lipid composition to that of aged muscle by decreasing polyunsaturated phospholipid acyl chains, while increasing sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine. FABP3-dependent membrane lipid remodeling causes ER stress via the PERK-eIF2α pathway and inhibits protein synthesis, limiting muscle recovery after immobilization. FABP3 knockdown induces a young-like lipid composition in aged muscles, reduces ER stress, and improves protein synthesis and muscle recovery. Further, FABP3 reduces membrane fluidity and knockdown increases fluidity in vitro, potentially causing ER stress. Therefore, FABP3 drives membrane lipid composition-mediated ER stress to regulate muscle homeostasis during aging and is a valuable target for sarcopenia.
Quadruple C-H activation coupled to hydrofunctionalization and C-H silylation/borylation enabled by weakly coordinated palladium catalyst
Authors: Tang Bo-Cheng , Lin Wen-Xuan , Chen Xiang-Long , He Cai , Ma Jin-Tian , Wu Yan-Dong , Lan Yu , Wu An-Xin 
Published: November 2020

AbstractUnlike the well-reported 1,2-difunctionalization of alkenes that is directed by classic pyridine and imine-containing directing groups, oxo-palladacycle intermediates featuring weak Pd-O coordination have been less demonstrated in C-H activated cascade transformations. Here we report a quadruple C-H activation cascade as well as hydro-functionalization, C-H silylation/borylation sequence based on weakly coordinated palladium catalyst. The hydroxyl group modulates the intrinsic direction of the Heck reaction, and then acts as an interrupter that biases the reaction away from the classic β-H elimination and toward C-H functionalization. Mechanistically, density functional theory calculation provides important insights into the key six-membered oxo-palladacycle intermediates, and indicates that the β-H elimination is unfavorable both thermodynamically and kinetically. In this article, we focus on the versatility of this approach, which is a strategic expansion of the Heck reaction.
Cross-site transportability of an explainable artificial intelligence model for acute kidney injury prediction
Authors: Song Xing , Yu Alan S. L. , Kellum John A. , Waitman Lemuel R. , Matheny Michael E. , Simpson Steven Q. , Hu Yong , Liu Mei 
Published: November 2020

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated promise in predicting acute kidney injury (AKI), however, clinical adoption of these models requires interpretability and transportability. Non-interoperable data across hospitals is a major barrier to model transportability. Here, we leverage the US PCORnet platform to develop an AKI prediction model and assess its transportability across six independent health systems. Our work demonstrates that cross-site performance deterioration is likely and reveals heterogeneity of risk factors across populations to be the cause. Therefore, no matter how accurate an AI model is trained at the source hospital, whether it can be adopted at target hospitals is an unanswered question. To fill the research gap, we derive a method to predict the transportability of AI models which can accelerate the adaptation process of external AI models in hospitals.
Bimeron clusters in chiral antiferromagnets
Authors: Li Xiaoguang , Shen Laichuan , Bai Yuhao , Wang Junlin , Zhang Xichao , Xia Jing , Ezawa Motohiko , Tretiakov Oleg A. , Xu Xiaohong , Mruczkiewicz Michal , Krawczyk Maciej , Xu Yongbing , Evans Richard F. L. , Chantrell Roy W. , Zhou Yan 
Published: November 2020

AbstractA magnetic bimeron is an in-plane topological counterpart of a magnetic skyrmion. Despite the topological equivalence, their statics and dynamics could be distinct, making them attractive from the perspectives of both physics and spintronic applications. In this work, we demonstrate the stabilization of bimeron solitons and clusters in the antiferromagnetic (AFM) thin film with interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI). Bimerons demonstrate high current-driven mobility as generic AFM solitons, while featuring anisotropic and relativistic dynamics excited by currents with in-plane and out-of-plane polarizations, respectively. Moreover, these spin textures can absorb other bimeron solitons or clusters along the translational direction to acquire a wide range of Néel topological numbers. The clustering involves the rearrangement of topological structures, and gives rise to remarkable changes in static and dynamical properties. The merits of AFM bimeron clusters reveal a potential path to unify multibit data creation, transmission, storage, and even topology-based computation within the same material system, and may stimulate spintronic devices enabling innovative paradigms of data manipulations.
Interlamellar matrix governs human annulus fibrosus multiaxial behavior
Authors: Kandil Karim , Zaïri Fahmi , Messager Tanguy , Zaïri Fahed 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEstablishing accurate structure–property relationships for intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus tissue is a fundamental task for a reliable computer simulation of the human spine but needs excessive theoretical-numerical-experimental works. The difficulty emanates from multiaxiality and anisotropy of the tissue response along with regional dependency of a complex hierarchic structure interacting with the surrounding environment. We present a new and simple hybrid microstructure-based experimental/modeling strategy allowing adaptation of animal disc model to human one. The trans-species strategy requires solely the basic knowledge of the uniaxial circumferential response of two different animal disc regions to predict the multiaxial response of any human disc region. This work demonstrates for the first time the determining role of the interlamellar matrix connecting the fibers-reinforced lamellae in the disc multiaxial response. Our approach shows encouraging multiaxial predictive capabilities making it a promising tool for human spine long-term prediction.