bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical profile and management of heart failure: rural community hospital vs. metropolitan heart center
Authors: Taubert G. , Bergmeier C. , Andresen H. , Senges J. , Potratz J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractBackground:Knowledge on clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with heart failure originates from studies of selected populations in clinical trials or from epidemiological observations. Reports on the large numbers of patients with heart failure treated in community hospitals are sparse.Objective:Are there differences in patient characteristics and heart failure management between a metropolitan heart center (HC) and a rural community hospital (RCH)?Patients and methods:Retrospective analysis of medical charts from all patients admitted for heart failure (ICD 428.x, NYHA II–IV, EF < 45%) between May 1997 and April 1998 and discharged alive from a rural community hospital. A similar, but prospective registry was available at the HC. Follow‐up information was obtained by request at registration authorities.Results:Patient groups comprised 120 in RCH and 146 in HC. Mean age was 75 ± 11 and 66 ± 11 years, respectively (P < 0.001); 48% (RCH) vs. 74% (HC) of patients were male (P < 0.001). On admission the proportion of functional class IV was 69% (RCH) vs. 17% (HC) (P < 0.001). At discharge, the rate of ACE‐inhibitors was 74% (RCH) vs. 98% (HC); 11% (RCH) vs. 43% (HC) of patients received β‐blocker therapy. Ninety‐six percent of patients in HC underwent and 22% in RCH had undergone invasive diagnostics. One‐year mortality rate of patients discharged alive was 26% in RCH and 19% in HC (P ‐ n.s. after adjustment for age and gender).Conclusion:Heart failure management according to current guidelines, using β‐blockers and ACE inhibitors, and invasive cardiac examination was significantly less performed in the rural community hospital than in the metropolitan heart center. Therefore, strategies to improve heart failure management according to guidelines are urgently needed.
Direct tumor visual feedback during free breathing in 0.35T MRgRT
Authors: Kim Taeho , Lewis Benjamin C. , Price Alex , Mazur Thomas , Gach H. Michael , Park Justin C. , Cai Bin , Wittland Erin , Henke Lauren , Kim Hyun , Mutic Sasa , Green Olga 
Published: September 2020

AbstractTo present a tumor motion control system during free breathing using direct tumor visual feedback to patients in 0.35 T magnetic resonance‐guided radiotherapy (MRgRT). We present direct tumor visualization to patients by projecting real‐time cine MR images on an MR‐compatible display system inside a 0.35 T MRgRT bore. The direct tumor visualization included anatomical images with a target contour and an auto‐segmented gating contour. In addition, a beam‐status sign was added for patient guidance. The feasibility was investigated with a six‐patient clinical evaluation of the system in terms of tumor motion range and beam‐on time. Seven patients without visual guidance were used for comparison. Positions of the tumor and the auto‐segmented gating contour from the cine MR images were used in probability analysis to evaluate tumor motion control. In addition, beam‐on time was recorded to assess the efficacy of the visual feedback system. The direct tumor visualization system was developed and implemented in our clinic. The target contour extended 3 mm outside of the gating contour for 33.6 ± 24.9% of the time without visual guidance, and 37.2 ± 26.4% of the time with visual guidance. The average maximum motion outside of the gating contour was 14.4 ± 11.1 mm without and 13.0 ± 7.9 mm with visual guidance. Beam‐on time as a percentage was 43.9 ± 15.3% without visual guidance, and 48.0 ± 21.2% with visual guidance, but was not significantly different (P = 0.34). We demonstrated the clinical feasibility and potential benefits of presenting direct tumor visual feedback to patients in MRgRT. The visual feedback allows patients to visualize and attempt to minimize tumor motion in free breathing. The proposed system and associated clinical workflow can be easily adapted for any type of MRgRT.
A systematic overview of methods, their limitations, and their opportunities to investigate inattentional blindness
Authors: Redlich Dennis , Memmert Daniel , Kreitz Carina 
Published: September 2020

SummaryDuring the past two decades, the interest in investigating the phenomenon of inattentional blindness strongly increased and resulted in a fraying of paradigms investigating this specific failure of awareness. We reviewed 129 full‐text articles containing 219 experiments for their design and methods to create awareness for the growing variety of inattentional blindness paradigms. Also, we promote a deliberate use of future paradigms (proposedly based on their functionality and representativeness) to improve the transferability of research findings to the real world. In general, we argue that paradigms should be well‐chosen based on the respective purpose, as the concept of inattentional blindness represents most likely several subtypes with different underlying mechanisms rather than a single phenomenon. Finally, we propose to include expectancy as a continuous variable into the definition of inattentional blindness rather than using it as an exclusion criterion.
Time to First Completed Visit and Health Care Utilization Among Young Adults Transferring From Pediatric to Adult Rheumatologic Care in a Safety‐Net Hospital
Authors: Bitencourt Nicole , Bermas Bonnie L. , Makris Una E. , Wright Tracey , Reisch Joan , Solow E. Blair 
Published: September 2020

ObjectiveThe transfer from pediatric to adult care for young adults is a vulnerable period. Our objectives were to quantify the time between the final pediatric and the first adult visit and to evaluate unscheduled utilization in care and progression to end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) or death.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients transferring to a large adult rheumatology clinic. Outcomes included time to first completed adult visit, unscheduled health care utilization (hospitalizations and emergency department [ED] visits), and progression to ESRD or death. Multivariable regression models assessed variables predictive of outcomes of interest.ResultsA total of 141 pediatric patients who transferred care were identified: 77% female, 65% Hispanic, and 60% with connective tissue diseases (CTDs). The mean time between final pediatric and first completed adult rheumatology visit was 221 days (range 0–1,207 days). In regression modeling, we found that continued insurance coverage, younger age at referral, and referral from a pediatric rheumatologist were predictive of shorter time to completed adult visit (P < 0.005). Factors associated with hospitalizations and ED visits included CTD diagnosis and Black race (odds ratio [OR] 8.54 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.84–39.58] and 3.04 [95% CI 1.02–9.12] for hospitalizations and OR 3.6 [95% CI 1.59–8.14] and 6.0 [95% CI 1.60–22.69] for ED visits, respectively). ESRD or death occurred among 15% of patients with a CTD.ConclusionIn pediatric patients transferring to an adult rheumatology clinic, continued insurance coverage and referral from a pediatric rheumatologist decreased delays in attending an adult visit; CTD and Black race were associated with high rates of unscheduled health care utilization.
Robust algorithm for attack detection based on time‐varying hidden Markov model subject to outliers
Authors: Lu Genghong , Feng Dongqin , Huang Biao 
Published: September 2020

SummaryThe problem of robust attack detection and prediction for networked control systems in the presence of outliers is discussed in this article. The conventional hidden Markov model (HMM) is trained to learn the system behavior (ie, transitions between different operating modes) in the nominal process. The HMM with time‐varying transition probabilities is used to track the attack behavior in which the adversary triggers more hazard modes to hasten fatigue of control devices by injecting attack signals with random magnitude and frequency. For different operating modes, the observations are assumed to follow different multivariate Student'stdistributions instead of Gaussian distributions and thus address the robust estimation problem. The expectation maximization algorithm is used to estimate parameters. Finally, simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A unified filter for singular Markovian jump systems with mixed delays based on an extended free‐matrix‐based inequality approach
Authors: Tian Yufeng , Wang Zhanshan 
Published: September 2020

SummaryIn this article, the problem of unified filters design including H∞, L2 − L∞, passive, dissipative filters and their reduced‐order ones is addressed for continuous‐time singular Markovian jump systems with discrete and distributed delays. Unlike some existing works, the mixed delays can be fully captured by proposing an extended free‐matrix‐based integral inequality. By considering two cases of distributed delays, two novel criteria are presented to ensure the filtering error system to be stochastically admissible and extended dissipative. Some numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the unified filter design methods.
Fabrication of Spheroids with Dome‐Shaped Endothelial Tube Networks by an Adhesive Culture System
Authors: Shima Fumiaki , Makino Tomomi 
Published: September 2020

Abstract3D functional tissues, such as spheroids fabricated by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can mimic parts of tissues and organs, have recently been extensively studied in the fields of regenerative medicine and drug discovery. In this study, spheroids containing endothelial tubular structures are fabricated by use of a novel 3D culture plate, “MicoCell.” As MicoCell has a mild cell adhesive surface and multicavity structures, it can provide multiple attached spheroids at the same time (about ≈102 to ≈104 spheroids). Spheroids can be fabricated without using serum, and are easily collected by simple pipetting and no use of enzyme. For the fabrication of spheroids containing endothelial tubular structures, MSCs and endothelial cells are co‐cultured with MicoCell. Surprisingly, endothelial tubular structures are found to extend upward from the bottom where the spheroids attach onto, forming a dome‐shaped morphology. Notably, some tubular structures in the spheroids have a basement membrane and markedly improved oxygen level of the inner part of spheroids. Moreover, as spheroids attach onto the bottom, they do not require any pre‐treatment such as embedding into gel before microscopic observation using an optical clearing reagent. These results indicate that the culture plates will be suitable for clinical and pharmaceutical applications.
Enhanced Cellular Transduction of Nanoparticles Resistant to Rapidly Forming Plasma Protein Coronas
Authors: Blokpoel Ferreras Lia A. , Scott Daniel , Vazquez Reina Saul , Roach Paul , Torres Teobaldo E. , Goya Gerardo F. , Shakesheff Kevin M. , Dixon James E. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractNanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly being developed as biomedical platforms for drug/nucleic acid delivery and imaging. However, in biological fluids, NPs interact with a wide range of proteins that form a coating known as protein corona. Coronae can critically influence self‐interaction and binding of other molecules, which can affect toxicity, promote cell activation, and inhibit general or specific cellular uptake. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG)‐binding enhanced transduction (GET) is developed to efficiently deliver a variety of cargoes intracellularly; employing GAG‐binding peptides, which promote cell targeting, and cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) which enhance endocytotic cell internalization. Herein, it is demonstrated that GET peptide coatings can mediate sustained intracellular transduction of magnetic NPs (MNPs), even in the presence of serum or plasma. NP colloidal stability, physicochemical properties, toxicity and cellular uptake are investigated. Using label‐free snapshot proteomics, time‐resolved profiles of human plasma coronas formed on functionalized GET‐MNPs demonstrate that coronae quickly form (<1 min), with their composition relatively stable but evolving. Importantly GET‐MNPs present a subtly different corona composition to MNPs alone, consistent with GAG‐binding activities. Understanding how NPs interact with biological systems and can retain enhanced intracellular transduction will facilitate novel drug delivery approaches for cell‐type specific targeting of new nanomaterials.
Hollow Rutile Cuboid Arrays Grown on Carbon Fiber Cloth as a Flexible Electrode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Jiansheng , Wang Xianfen , Lin Chunfu , Zhao Xiu Song 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFlexible electrodes with high charge storage capacity, low solid‐state diffusion resistance toward charges, and excellent mechanical properties are needed for fabricating flexible energy storage devices. In this paper, an approach is described to synthesize a composite material with hollow rutile TiO2 cuboid arrays supported on carbon fiber cloth (H‐TiO2@CFC). This composite material is used as a self‐supporting and binder‐free anode for sodium‐ion storage, delivering reversible charge capacities of 287.3 at 0.1 C and 103.3 mAh g−1 at 50 C, respectively. The observed excellent electrochemical performance of the H‐TiO2@CFC electrode is mainly attributed to its unique architecture, which facilitates ion transport, improves electron conductivity, and enables active surface reactivity toward sodium ions. In situ X‐ray diffraction characterization results reveal a nearly zero strain structure of the hollow rutile TiO2 in H‐TiO2@CFC against electrochemical cycling. An analysis of the charge storage mechanism reveals a significant pseudocapacitance contribution to the charge storage, accounting for the observed high‐rate performance of the electrode. A flexible full cell fabricated with the H‐TiO2@CFC as the anode and Na3V2(PO4)3 as the cathode exhibits both excellent electrochemical properties and flexibility against mechanical deformation, demonstrating the great promise of the H‐TiO2@CFC composite material for flexible battery cells.
Nonfullerene Bulk Heterojunction‐Based Photocathodes for Highly Efficient Solar Hydrogen Production in Acidic and Neutral Solutions
Authors: Shi Wenwen , Li Deng , Fan Wenjun , Ma Jiangping , Li Chunhua , Yu Wei , Shi Jingying , Li Can 
Published: September 2020

AbstractHighly efficient photocathode with onset potential beyond 0.6 V is very desirable in order to construct photoelectrochemical (PEC) device for stand‐alone overall water splitting. In this work, it is reported a nonfullerene PBDB‐T:ITIC bulk heterojunction (BHJ) based photocathode delivering unprecedented positive onset potential of 0.8 V and optimal photocurrent density of −11.7 mA cm−2 at 0 V in pH 1 solution. The yielded high ideal ratiometric power‐saved efficiency (Φsaved,ideal) of 4.1% is a record among the previous organic photocathodes. When the electrolyte pH moves to neutral, the Φsaved,ideal is still to be 3.2%, yet being twice more than the currently reported highest value. Pairing with TiOx, the hole transport layer of CuOx with more efficient charge carrier transportation and hole extraction ability excels MoO3 and NiOx, contributing to the highly efficient solar hydrogen production in both acidic and neutral solutions. Premixing the BHJ blend precursor with an anti‐oxidative agent is proved to be a beneficial strategy to improve the PEC stability by suppressing the photo‐oxidation degradation of organic polymer materials. Subsequently a conceptual PEC cell comprising of tandem CuOx/BHJ/TiOx/Pt photocathode and BiVO4/NiFeOx photoanode with a high solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency up to 1.1% is fabricated in neutral solution without assistance of extra bias.
Low‐Power Complementary Inverter with Negative Capacitance 2D Semiconductor Transistors
Authors: Wang Jingli , Guo Xuyun , Yu Zhihao , Ma Zichao , Liu Yanghui , Lin Ziyuan , Chan Masun , Zhu Ye , Wang Xinran , Chai Yang 
Published: September 2020

AbstractA fundamental limit for the supply voltage of conventional field‐effect transistors is the long high‐energy tail of the Boltzmann distribution of the carrier population at the source junction, which requires a gate voltage at least 60 mV to change one decade of current. Here 2D semiconductors are adopted as channel materials and hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO) as negative capacitance (NC) gate stack to realize low‐power complementary logic inverter. With HZO/Al2O3 NC gate stack, the 2D semiconductor field‐effect transistor (FET) shows an average subthreshold slope less than Boltzmann limit (as low as 18 mV dec−1) at room temperature for both forward and reverse gate voltage sweeps, which allows to reach the same ON‐state current at a lower Vdd without increasing the OFF‐state current. The drain current can be modulated by 5 × 104 within 220 mV, still exhibiting average SS below 60 mV dec−1. By constructing van der Waals contact to improve the charge injection and control the carrier type, unipolar p‐type WSe2 FET with reduced hole Schottky barrier height is achieved. The complementary inverter with MoS2 and WSe2 NCFETs shows the power consumption of 68 pW.
Confinement of CoP Nanoparticles in Nitrogen‐Doped Yolk‐Shell Porous Carbon Polyhedron for Ultrafast Catalytic Oxidation
Authors: Zhu Changqing , Zhao Shafei , Fan Zhongwei , Wu Haide , Liu Fuqiang , Chen Zhaoxu , Li Aimin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCatalytic oxidation of toxic organic pollutants in water urgently requires improved efficiency for practical application. Here a wrapping‐pyrolysis strategy is exploited to convert CoP nanowires‐threaded ZIF‐8 into CoP nanoparticles‐confined nitrogen‐doped yolk‐shell porous carbon polyhedra, featuring high‐density active sites, and high adsorbability, dispersibility and conductivity (4‐High). The nanoreactor efficiently activates peroxymonosulfate for bisphenol A (BPA) degradation over a wide pH range and in saline solutions. The apparent kinetic rate constant (18.96 min−1) is the highest reported to date and exceeds those of reported catalysts by 1–2 orders of magnitude. Experimental and theoretical evidence reveals that the catalysis occurs at the Co4P4@graphitic nitrogen‐doped graphene site to produce surface‐bound SO4•− and induce direct electron abstraction for BPA degradation. The high catalytic activity is attributed to the unique yolk‐shell structure which concentrates catalytic and adsorptive sites within a confined space, as well as to the porous carbon polyhedron with high dispersibility and conductivity for fast mass and electron transport. Moreover, a fluidized‐bed catalytic unit is constructed and enables continuous zero discharge of BPA and easy nanocatalyst recycling. This work will guide “4‐High” catalyst design to improve future deep water purification technology.
Shear‐Induced Interfacial Structural Conversion of Graphene Oxide to Graphene at Macroscale
Authors: Gao Xue , Zhang Jie , Ju Pengfei , Liu Jingzhou , Ji Li , Liu Xiaohong , Ma Tianbao , Chen Lei , Li Hongxuan , Zhou Huidi , Chen Jianmin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe controllable adjustment of an ideal graphene structure on the surface/interface is important to achieve many of the potential characteristics and applications of graphene. Here, a phenomenon is observed in which friction can induce the structural conversion of graphene oxide (GO) to graphene perfectly on a macroscale sliding interface. The controlling factors and molecular interaction mechanism are further revealed by experiments and theoretical simulation. The results show that shear force drives the tribochemical reactions between the –OH group of GO and active bond of the counterpart, as well as the –OH groups of adjacent GO sheets, leading to the breakage of the COH bond. This leads to the transformation of the sp3 C to sp2 C, thereby forming a perfect six‐membered ring. The as‐broken hydroxyl groups combine with the dangling bond of the frictional pair or capture hydrogen from the hydroxyl group of the adjacent GO sheet and generate water molecules. This study provides more information on a novel method of manipulating the interfacial structure of graphene at a macroscale by a simple sliding action. The method also provides a new way of force sensing through the detection of the released H2O molecules.
Molecular Quadrupole Moments Promote Ground‐State Charge Generation in Doped Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Privitera Alberto , Londi Giacomo , Riede Moritz , D'Avino Gabriele , Beljonne David 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe role of local environmental interactions on the generation of free charge carriers in doped organic layers is investigated. Via a classical micro‐electrostatic model, a dual effect of molecular quadrupole moments of host and dopant molecules on doping is demonstrated. Namely, electrostatic interactions ease ionization of the dopant by altering the energy level alignment between the host and the dopant and reduce the barrier for charge dissociation by flattening the energy landscape around the ionized dopants. These results indicate that tailoring molecular quadrupole moments of the host and/or dopant are an attractive strategy toward improved doping efficiency in organic semiconductors.
Polydiacetylene‐Based Biosensors for the Detection of Viruses and Related Biomolecules
Authors: Qian Xiaomin , Städler Brigitte 
Published: September 2020

AbstractViruses are a major threat to the wellbeing of humans, animals, and plants. The current diagnostics of viral RNA/DNA are largely dependent on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and related concepts. Serological and immunological assays on the other hand aim to identify the presence of antibodies. Alternative approaches that consider non‐biological entities as part of the sensing set‐up might be a complementary path to alleviate the pressure on access to high‐quality biomolecules and PCR reagents. In this context, polydiacetylenes are widely explored as biosensors because these polymers can be synthesized in situ only with the assistance of light in the desired environment. In addition, this unique group of polymers can be utilized as biosensors to detect an assortment of biomolecules and pathogens with dual optical outputs. The detection of viruses and related biomolecules with polydiacetylenes have been explored over the course of the past three decades. This progress report aims to provide a comprehensive summary of polydiacetylene‐based biosensors for the detection of viruses and also related biomolecules, including nucleic acids and proteins. Given the current situation, this progress report will hopefully inspire scientists and contribute to the development of novel biosensors for the fast and effective detection of viruses.
Phosphorus‐Based Composites as Anode Materials for Advanced Alkali Metal Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Junhua , Shi Qitao , Ullah Sami , Yang Xiaoqin , Bachmatiuk Alicja , Yang Ruizhi , Rummeli Mark H. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAlkaline metal ion batteries, such as lithium‐ion batteries have been increasingly adopted in consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and large power grids because of their high energy density, power density and working voltage, and long cycle life. Phosphorus‐based materials including phosphorus anodes and metal phosphides with high theoretical capacity, natural abundance, and environmental friendliness show great potential as negative electrodes for alkaline metal ion batteries. In this review, based on the understanding of the storage mechanism of alkali metal ions, the scientific challenges are discussed, the preparation methods and solutions to address these challenges are summarized, the application prospects are demonstrated, and finally possible future research directions of phosphorus‐based materials are provided.