bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clusters as an Expressive form of Business Infrastructure (Annex Theory Analysis)
Authors: Kostadinović Ivana 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In modern conditions of development, the connection of small and medium enterprises into clusters is an increasingly important and current trend. Constant changes taking place on the global market, the growth of competition and the changes in the business of many companies, encourage them to connect into clusters and, in this way, to compete with large enterprises. In that way, small and medium-sized enterprises retain their market position, as well as legal and business independence and achieve significantly better results. Enterprises, also grouped into clusters, have a comparative advantage, which is based on cooperation, greater flexibility and their specialization. In addition, connecting into clusters also leads to an increased competitiveness of enterprises, due to the introduction of innovations, the development of new technologies, the increase of productivity, the acceptance of new quality standards. The aim of the paper is to point out the importance of the theoretical aspect of clusters as an important element of business infrastructure and to emphasize that the development of clusters is essential for the development of small and medium enterprises, considering the fact that they enable them to become more productive and innovative, as well as more competitive compared to the period when they operated independently and separately.
Public Preferences for Farmed Landscapes: the Case of Traditional Chestnut Orchards in South Tyrol
Authors: Fedrigotti Valérie Bossi , Troiano Stefania , Fischer Christian , Marangon Francesco 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Sweet chestnuts are, from a farming point of view, a marginal crop in South Tyrol, though historically rooted. Chestnut orchards represent a cultural heritage, as well as an important aesthetic element of the cultural landscape, besides assuming a high ecological value for many animal and plant species. Public awareness towards this ecosystem is generally higher in autumn, when fruit consumption sees its peak and events take place. Using a Choice Experiment, we assessed whether seasonality interferes in people’s willingness-to-pay for a traditional chestnut orchard and its ecosystem services. We also investigated the importance of respondent origin (residents vs tourists) and, finally, a Latent Class analysis allowed us to depict segments of society in relation to their preferences. Our results show that tourists are ready to pay more than locals for chestnut orchards and for fruits, whereas seasonality has generally a low impact.
Morality, protection, security and gain: lessons from a minimalistic, economically inspired multi-agent model
Authors: Komosinski Maciej , Żok Tomasz 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In this work, we introduce a simple multi-agent simulation model with two roles of agents that correspond to moral and immoral attitudes. The model is given explicitly by a set of mathematical equations with continuous variables and is characterized by four parameters: morality, protection, and two efficiency parameters. Agents are free to adjust their roles to maximize individual gains. The model is analyzed theoretically to find conditions for its stability, i.e., the fractions of agents of both roles that lead to an equilibrium in their gains. A multi-agent simulation is also developed to verify the dynamics of the model for all values of morality and protection parameters, and to identify potential discrepancies with the theoretical analysis.
The Pharmacological Profile of Cyclin-dependent Kinase (CDK) 4/6 Inhibitors: Clinical Management of Toxicity and Drug Interactions Related to CDK 4/6 Inhibitor-based Treatment in Advanced/Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Vasiliki Tzelepi C. , Aristeidis Gogadis T. , Christos Adamidis K. , Timotheadou Eleni T. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The emergence of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4 and 6 inhibitors has brought a new approach in the treatment of advanced hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer and human epidermal growth factor (HER) 2 negative breast cancer. To date, three CDK 4/6 inhibitors, palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib, are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); the first two agents are approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) as well. The family of CDKs consists of key regulatory enzymes that play a significant role in cell cycle progression. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the mechanism of action and the efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors and to highlight the most serious adverse events and the drug interactions related to these agents.
Identification and control of endophytic bacteria during in vitro cultures of Staphylea pinnata L.
Authors: Szewczyk-Taranek Bożena , Jaglarz Anita , Pałka Piotr , Supel Paulina , Kaszycki Paweł , Mazur Justyna , Pawłowska Bożena 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
This study focused on the identification and elimination of endophytic bacterial contaminations during in vitro propagation of European bladdernut (Staphylea pinnata). Axillary shoots were propagated on Murashige and Skoog medium with 20 mg ∙ dm−3 FeEDDHA, 5 μM BA and 0.5 μM NAA at 20/18°C (day/night) and a 16-h photoperiod. Clouding by endophytic bacterial colonies was observed where shoots contacted the media. Bacteria were isolated and separated by repeated streaking as two strains. Gram staining revealed that both strains were Gram-negative. The colonies were very precisely identified as Acinetobacter johnsonii, strain ATCC 17909, and Methylobacterium rhodesianum, strain DSM 5687, using VITEK®2—a rapid bacterial identification system—and the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. The agar disc-diffusion test proved that both bacterial strains were susceptible to 13 antibiotics (out of 25 tested), derived from the groups of fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and tetracyclines. Doxycycline or gentamicin (100–300 mg ∙ dm−3) was added to the S. pinnata shoot propagation medium to eliminate bacteria. Gentamicin 100 mg ∙ dm−3 showed the best effect, inhibiting the growth of endogenous bacteria (63%) when applied in the medium for 4 weeks. After the following transfer to media without antibiotics, shoots developed axillary buds and bacterial colonies were not observed.
Morphological variability ofBembidion varium(Coleoptera, Carabidae) in gradient of soil salinity
Authors: Komlyk Viktoriia , Brygadyrenko Viktor 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThis article discusses the effect of soil salinity on the variability ofBembidion(Notaphus)varium(Oliver, 1795). The authors of the article collected imagoes of this species in five ecosystems that differed in soil salinity; 13 linear characteristics, one angular characteristic and 6 morphometric indices were measured. Significant changes in six linear parameters ofB. varium(body length, head length and width, width of prothorax between front angles, maximum width of prothorax and elytra width) and two morphometric indices are observed in the considered ecosystems. Soil salinity probably has the most impact on the variability of these characteristics. However, the influence of other important natural and anthropogenic factors is not ruled out. Significant differences between the sexes are observed for all linear parameters: females ofB. variumare larger than males. There are no differences between males and females in morphometric indices. The head width, prothorax length and width, elytra length and width depend on the body length ofB. variumindividuals. The morphological variability ofB. variumunder the influence of other environmental factors needs further research.
Change in photosynthetic pigments of Date palm offshoots under abiotic stress factors
Authors: Shareef Hussein J. , Abdi Gholamreza , Fahad Shah 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Increasing world temperatures are bringing about climate changes creating abiotic stress in plants. Date palm offshoot leaves (Khadrawi cv.) were analyzed for chlorophyll Chl a, Chl b, Total Chl, Chl a/b ratio, anthocyanin and carotenoid subject to salinity, drought and temperature stress under field conditions. Results demonstrated that drought and salinity stress accompanied by high temperatures in July and August significantly reduced the Chl a, Chl b, and Total Chl relative to the control. Anthocyanins, carotenoids, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde were markedly higher in July and August (45 ºC), whereas September showed lower values in these substances. Temperature reduction to 35 °C accompanied by drought or salinity stress, brought about a critical increment in relative water content and a decrease in electrolyte leakage. Although the impact of drought and salinity stress continued, the reduced temperatures in September resulted in a reduction of abscisic acid and proline concentration. Cluster analysis showed the two groups. In this first group, the significant similarity between the treatments is illustrated by the influence of the high temperature of 43–45 ºC. Recovery of photosynthesis following low-temperature, for the most part, determines plant flexibility to water deficiencies and salinity. Thermal stress, associated with salinity or drought stress is more damaging to the photosynthetic pigments than any single factor.
Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Studies of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Strain in Naturally Infected Pigs in Nigeria
Authors: Olaniyi M. O. , Ajayi O. L. , Alaka O. O. , Mustapha O. A. , Brown C. C. , Shields J. P. , Ard M. B. , Nagy T. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Enzootic pneumonia caused by hyopneumoniae (MHYO) remains a serious concern to the swine industry in many countries including Nigeria. MHYO strains isolated from pigs from different countries and geographical locations are known to vary in pathogenicity. There is a paucity of information on the pathogenicity of the MHYO strain affecting pigs in Nigeria. This study investigated the pathogenicity of the MHYO strain in naturally infected pigs using immunohisto-chemistry and electron microscopy. Two hundred and sixty four lungs of slaughtered pigs were randomly collected from abattoirs at Abeokuta, Ibadan and Lagos, in Southwest Nigeria. A sub-sample of 104 pneumonic and 20 apparently normal lungs was selected, processed for routine histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry, while 3 lung tissues samples were selected for ultrastructural studies. The most significant microscopic changes observed were suppurative broncho-interstitial pneumonia associated with varying degrees of lymphoid hyperplasia of the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and thickened alveolar septa due to cellular infiltration consisting predominantly of neutrophils and a few mononuclear cells. Immunohistochemically, MHYO antigen was detected in 86/104 (82.69 %) of MHYO-infected lung tissues and typically exhibited a granular brown reaction on the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial lining, mononuclear cells in the BALT and luminal cellular exudates within the airways. Transmission electron microscopy revealed numerous Mycoplasma organisms in the lumina of the airways, in between degenerated cilia, while a few Mycoplasmas were located within the alveoli. It was concluded that the MHYO strain detected in this study was pathogenic to pigs and capable of inducing pneumonia, and therefore implicated in the pathogenesis.
A pilot comparative study between serological and genetic investigations in relationship to clinical outcomes on patients with cystic echinococcosis
Authors: Altintas Nu. , Karamil S. A. , Turkum O. , Akil M. , Sakarya A. , Bozkaya H. , Šoltys J. , Altintas Na. 
Published: May 2020

Summary
The aim of this study was to investigate whether Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) and Western Blotting (WB) methods could contribute to the assessment of clinical outcomes in genotype-defined cystic echinococcosis (CE) patients. Twenty-nine human isolates and blood samples have been taken from patients who underwent surgery or percutaneous aspiration (PAIR) for therapeutic purposes at Ege University and Manisa Celal Bayar University Hospitals. All sera of patients were screened for the presence of E. granulosus IgG antibodies using in-house approved ELISA and WB methods. According to the ELISA results, five patients had high, thirteen patients had medium and eight patients had low specific antibody level response which ranged 1/640 -1/5000. Despite confirmed WB positivity three patients were found to be negative by ELISA. Immunoblot analysis of EgAg showed many protein bands with size of 8, 12, 20, 22, 24, 36, 75 and 90 kDa. Among of them, 8 – 12 kDa bands (90 %), 20 – 22 kDa and 36 kDa bands presented strong reactivity against human serum specimens. No serum samples from healthy control reacted with EgAg. Phylogenetic analysis of resulting COX1 and NAD1sequences has revealed that all patients in our study were infected with the E. granulosus G1-G3 genotype. There was no consistent correlation between results of ELISA and WB, the number or size of cysts and genotype. Our study brings a unique contribution in terms of relationship between serological investigation, disease genotypes and clinical outcomes.
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Toxocara species in dogs, cattle and buffalo in Egypt
Authors: Mahdy O.A. , Mousa W. M. , Abdel-Maogood S. Z. , Nader S. M. , Abdel-Radi S. 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Toxocara canis of dogs and Toxocara vitulorum of cattle and buffalo are nematode parasites that cause serious economic and public health problems all over the world. This study aims to provide molecular data to identify and distinguish between Toxocara spp. from dogs, cattle and buffalo in Egypt. Moreover, constructing a phylogeny and phylogenetic relationships among these Toxocara spp. were performed through an analytic study of ATPase-6, a mitochondrial gene; 12S, small subunit ribosomal RNA gene and ITS-2, the second internal transcribed spacer nuclear ribosomal gene. T. vitulorum from cattle and buffalo were found to be almost identical. The ATPase- 6 and 12S regions showed 87.78 % and 90.38 % nucleotide similarity between T. canis and T. vitulorum, while for the ITS-2 region, only 78.38 % was found. Analysis of the three studied genes revealed that each Toxocara spp. has distinct molecular characteristics. Moreover, it was revealed that these genes, especially the ITS-2 gene, are useful and sensitive molecular markers for classifying and studying the phylogenetic analysis and relationships among closely related Toxocara spp. All sequences obtained in this study were registered in the GenBank under the accession numbers: MG214149 -MG214157.
A controlled study on efficacy and egg reappearance period of Ivermectin in donkeys naturally infected with small strongyles
Authors: Papini R. A. , Orsetti C. , Sgorbini M. 
Published: May 2020

Summary
The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy and the egg reappearance period (ERP) of ivermectin (IVM) in donkeys during a 13-week period. The study involved a total of 14 adult Amiata breed donkeys, 7 – 13 years of age, and naturally infected with small strongyles. A group of 10 donkeys was treated with IVM oral paste at a dose rate of 200 mcg/kg BW. Another group of 4 donkeys was kept as untreated control group. Faecal samples were collected and examined for strongyle eggs on day 0 before treatment. IVM efficacy was based on the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) on day 14 post-treatment. Then individual faecal samples were collected and examined by FECRT at weekly intervals. A FECRT of 100 % was found after treatment with IVM and its ERP, defined as the week when the mean FECRT decreased until to become lower than 90 %efficacy, was estimated to be 11 weeks without signs of developing anthelmintic resistance. No adverse reactions were observed during the study period. Our findings may be useful to veterinary practitioners and breeders as they show that IVM, at the recommended dose rate, can be still considered a highly effective and safe pharmacological tool for the treatment of small strongyles in donkeys. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that all possible strategies are undertaken to avoid the risk of emergence of anthelmintic resistance to IVM in donkeys.
Crenosoma striatum in lungs of European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europeus) from Portugal
Authors: Barradas P. F. , Flores A. R. , Mateus T. L. , Carvalho F. , Gärtner F. , Amorim I. , Mesquita J. R. 
Published: May 2020

Summary

Crenosoma striatum is a host-specifi c metastrongiloid nematode causing respiratory tract disease in hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus). Since few studies have reported C. striatum in hedgehogs and little genetic data is available concerning this lungworm, this study aimed to determine the occurrence of C. striatum in a population sample of hedgehogs from Portugal, additionally providing morphological, histological and molecular data. From 2017 to 2018 a survey of infection was carried out in 11 necropsied hedgehogs. Worms were extracted from fresh lung tissues and microscopically evaluated. Molecular characterization of partial mitochondrial (12S rRNA) and nuclear (18S rRNA) genes was performed. The presence of lungworms in pulmonary tissues of five hedgehogs (45.5%) was detected. Morphological and histopathological analyses evidenced adult forms of nematodes consistent with C. striatum. Molecular characterization of 18S rRNA genes confirmed the classifi cation as C. striatum. Also, novel genetic data characterizing the mitochondrial (12S rRNA) gene of C. striatum is presented.
This is the first report of C. striatum infection in hedgehogs of Portugal. The findings here reported provide new insights regarding the geographic distribution and the molecular identification of this lungworm species.
Competitive Advantages of International Airline Alliances: A Critical Review
Authors: Seo Gang-Hoon 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Over the past several decades, airlines have formed and participated in international alliances to seek competitive advantages. However, it is still unclear whether airlines obtain substantial competitive advantages through an international alliance and how to measure the competitive advantages of alliances and airlines. This study presents a critical literature review as a contribution to comprehensive and novel empirical researches in the future.
Effect of the olive fruit size on the parasitism rates ofBactocera oleae(Diptera: Tephritidae) by the figitid waspAganaspis daci(Hymenoptera: Figitidae), and first field releases of adult parasitoids in olive grove
Authors: Moraiti C.A. , Kyritsis G.A. , Papadopoulos N.T. 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe olive fruit flyBactrocera oleae(Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the major pest of olives worldwide. The figitid wasp,Aganaspis daci(Hymenoptera: Figitidae), is a larval-prepupal endoparasitoid of fruit fly species, and it was found to successfully parasitize medfly larvae in field-infested figs in Greece. To assess the potential ofA. dacias a biological control agent againstB. oleae, we studied the effect of olive fruit size on parasitism rates ofA. dacion 2ndand 3rdinstar larvae ofB. oleae, by using fruit of different size (cultivar ‘Chalkidikis’) and wild olive fruit. In addition, we conducted releases ofA. dacifemales in a pilot olive grove in Volos, Magnesia. From July to October, we released 200A. dacifemales/0.1 ha/week, followed by olive fruit sampling to estimate olive fruit infestation levels and the parasitism rates ofA. daci. Laboratory trials revealed that fruit size and larvae instar were predictors of parasitism success ofA. daci, with parasitism rates higher for small-size fruit of the cultivar “Chalkidikis” and the 3rdinstar larvae ofB. oleae. In field trials, noA. daciadults emerged from the olive fly infested fruit.
Effect of rhizobacteria strains on the induction of resistance in barley genotypes against Cochliobolus sativus
Authors: Adam A. 
Published: May 2020

Summary
Enhancement of the resistance level in plants by rhizobacteria has been proven in several pathosystems. This study investigated the ability of four rhizobacteria strains (Pseudomonas putida BTP1 and Bacillus subtilis Bs2500, Bs2504 and Bs2508) to promote the growth in three barley genotypes and protect them against Cochliobolus sativus. Our results demonstrated that all tested rhizobacteria strains had a protective effect on barley genotypes Arabi Abiad, Banteng and WI2291. However, P. putida BTP1 and B. subtilis Bs2508 strains were the most effective as they reduced disease incidence by 53 and 38% (mean effect), respectively. On the other hand, there were significant differences among the rhizobacteria-treated genotypes on plant growth parameters, such as wet weight, dry weight, plant height and number of leaves. Pseudomonas putida BTP1 strain was the most effective as it significantly increased plant growth by 15-32%. In addition, the susceptible genotypes Arabi Abiad and WI2291 were the most responsive to rhizobacteria. This means that these genotypes have a high potential for increase of their resistance against the pathogen and enhancement of plant growth after the application of rhizobacteria. Consequently, barley seed treatment with the tested rhizobacteria could be considered as an effective biocontrol method against C. sativus.
Multi Agent Deep Learning with Cooperative Communication
Authors: Simões David , Lau Nuno , Reis Luís Paulo 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
We consider the problem of multi agents cooperating in a partially-observable environment. Agents must learn to coordinate and share relevant information to solve the tasks successfully. This article describes Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic with Communication (A3C2), an end-to-end differentiable approach where agents learn policies and communication protocols simultaneously. A3C2 uses a centralized learning, distributed execution paradigm, supports independent agents, dynamic team sizes, partially-observable environments, and noisy communications. We compare and show that A3C2 outperforms other state-of-the-art proposals in multiple environments.
Effect of a New Cardiac Massage Facilitator Device on the Fatigue of Rescue Workers in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Heravi Mohamad Amin Younessi , Amini Zakiyeh , Roshanravan Mostafa , Gazerani Akram 
Published: May 2020

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a direct intervention for the prevention or postponement of death in patients with cardiac arrest. The fatigue of rescue workers is of high significance when performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation effectively. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a cardiac massage facilitator device on the fatigue of rescue workers in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Materials and Methods: This experimental study was carried out on 30 emergency medical aid non-continuous bachelor students, divided equally into two groups: one group performed cardiac massage using the device and the other without the device. Fatigue levels were assessed using a visual analog scale to evaluate fatigue severity.

Results: The mean age of participants was 23.42 ± 2.02 years, the mean height was 175 ± 4.43 cm, and the mean weight was 65.45 ± 5.02 kg. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean fatigue scores of the two groups: 0.06 with the device vs. 0.57 without the device.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that the cardiac massage facilitator device presented in this study could be effective in improving the quality of cardiac massage and be helpful in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.