bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Shapiro delay detection in the pulsar binary system PSR J1811–2405
Authors: Ng C , Guillemot L , Freire P C C , Kramer M , Champion D J , Cognard I , Theureau G , Barr E D 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
This paper presents the first detection of Shapiro delay from the binary millisecond pulsar PSR J1811–2405. We report a 11σ measurement of the orthometric amplitude, h3 = 6.8(6) × 10−7, and a 16σ measurement of the orthometric ratio, ς = 0.81(5). Given the relatively high orbital inclination, i = 79(2)°, of this binary system, we obtain constraints on the companion mass of $m_{\rm {c}}=0.31^{+0.08 }_{ -0.06}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. The pulsar mass is currently less well constrained, with a value of $2.0^{+0.8 }_{ -0.5}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. The companion mass and the orbital period are in agreement with the prediction made by previous numerical calculations of the evolution of compact binary systems. From a study of the polarization, we find that the orbital inclination angle is ∼100° and that PSR J1811–2405 is an orthogonal rotator. In addition, the μs-level timing precision together with its narrow profile makes PSR J1811–2405 a good candidate for inclusion in the pulsar timing arrays being used to detect nHz gravitational waves.
Properties of the simulated circumgalactic medium
Authors: Lochhaas Cassandra , Bryan Greg L , Li Yuan , Li Miao , Fielding Drummond 
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT
The circumgalactic medium (CGM) is closely linked to galaxy formation and evolution, but difficult to characterize observationally and typically poorly resolved in cosmological simulations. We use spherically symmetric, idealized, high-resolution simulations of the CGM in $10^{12}$ and $10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ dark matter haloes to characterize the gas pressure, turbulent and radial velocities, and degree of thermal and effective dynamic pressure support in the overall CGM as well as in its high- and low-temperature phases. We find that the $10^{12}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ halo contains a CGM mostly formed of a hot gas halo in hydrostatic equilibrium out of which cold gas condenses and falls on to the central galaxy, while the $10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ halo’s CGM is not in hydrostatic equilibrium, has a wider spread of properties at a given galactocentric radius, does not have a clear separation of hot and cold phases, and is dominated by bulk motions. We also find that the degree of pressure support in the $10^{11}\, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ halo is strongly dependent on the parameters of the galactic winds of the central galaxy. These results promote the idea that there is no ‘average’ CGM and care must be taken when setting the initial conditions for a small-box simulation of a patch of the CGM.
FIGLA, LHX8 and SOHLH1 transcription factor networks regulate mouse oocyte growth and differentiation
Authors: Wang Zhengpin , Liu Chen-Yu , Zhao Yangu , Dean Jurrien 
Published: February 2020

AbstractGerm-cell transcription factors control gene networks that regulate oocyte differentiation and primordial follicle formation during early, postnatal mouse oogenesis. Taking advantage of gene-edited mice lacking transcription factors expressed in female germ cells, we analyzed global gene expression profiles in perinatal ovaries from wildtype, FiglaNull, Lhx8Null and Sohlh1Null mice. Figla deficiency dysregulates expression of meiosis-related genes (e.g. Sycp3, Rad51, Ybx2) and a variety of genes (e.g. Nobox, Lhx8, Taf4b, Sohlh1, Sohlh2, Gdf9) associated with oocyte growth and differentiation. The absence of FIGLA significantly impedes meiotic progression, causes DNA damage and results in oocyte apoptosis. Moreover, we find that FIGLA and other transcriptional regulator proteins (e.g. NOBOX, LHX8, SOHLH1, SOHLH2) are co-expressed in the same subset of germ cells in perinatal ovaries and Figla ablation dramatically disrupts KIT, NOBOX, LHX8, SOHLH1 and SOHLH2 abundance. In addition, not only do FIGLA, LHX8 and SOHLH1 cross-regulate each other, they also cooperate by direct interaction with each during early oocyte development and share downstream gene targets. Thus, our findings substantiate a major role for FIGLA, LHX8 and SOHLH1 as multifunctional regulators of networks necessary for oocyte maintenance and differentiation during early folliculogenesis.
Humanism Against Religion
Authors: Kline David 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Focusing on the broad epistemological and political effects of humanism in the modern West beginning in the European humanist movements of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, this chapter will trance the emergence of a rudimentary discourse of “humanism against religion” that is rooted in the historical emergence of the modern state as a deconstructive movement against the theo-political order of Medieval Christian Europe. The chapter argues that the emergence of both a human-centric discourse of knowledge and the modern “secular” state out of medieval Christian Europe provide the most significant cultural and political conditions for the rise of western humanism and its wide-ranging critical perspectives of religion. Following this account of the discourse of humanism in the west, the chapter surveys a small sample of modern perspectives and authors that have offered direct humanist critiques of religion toward the service of explicit humanist philosophies or worldviews.
Can Humanism be the Social Norm?
Authors: Welch Sharon D. 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Assaults on truth and divisions about the nature of wise governance are not momentary political challenges, unique to particular moments in history. Rather, they demonstrate fundamental weaknesses in human reasoning and core dangers in ways of construing both individual freedom and cohesive communities. It will remain an ongoing challenge to learn to deal rationally with what is an intrinsic irrationality in human cognition and with what is an intrinsic tendency toward domination and violence in human collectivities. In times of intense social divisions, it is vital to consider the ways in which humanism might function as the social norm by, paradoxically, functioning in a way different from other social norms. Humanism is not the declaration that a certain set of values or norms are universally valid. At its best and most creative, humanism is not limited to a particular set of norms, but is, rather, the commitment to a certain process in which norms are continuously created, critically evaluated, implemented, sustained or revised. Humanism is a process of connection, perception, implementation, and critique, and it applies this process as much to itself as to other traditions.
The Role of Pain-Related Cognitions in the Relationship Between Pain Severity, Depression, and Pain Interference in a Sample of Primary Care Patients with Both Chronic Pain and Depression
Authors: Sánchez-Rodríguez Elisabet , Aragonès Enric , Jensen Mark P , Tomé-Pires Catarina , Rambla Concepció , López-Cortacans Germán , Miró Jordi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of this study were twofold: 1) to better understand the associations between pain-related cognitions and pain severity, and psychological and physical function, and 2) to determine the extent to which these cognitions function as mediators in the association between pain severity and depression in a sample of primary care adult patients with chronic pain and depression.DesignCross-sectional design.MethodsThree hundred twenty-eight patients with both depression and chronic pain from primary care centers responded to measures of pain severity, pain interference, depression severity, and pain-related cognitions (including measures of catastrophizing and other pain-related beliefs). We performed three hierarchical regression analyses and two multiple regression analyses.ResultsThe helplessness domain of pain catastrophizing was positively associated with pain severity, depression severity, and pain interference and mediated the relationship between depression and pain severity and vice versa. Beliefs about disability showed a positive association with pain severity, pain interference, and depression severity, and also mediated the relationship between pain severity and depression. Believing in a medical cure was positively associated with pain interference and negatively associated with depression; emotion beliefs were positively associated with pain severity.ConclusionsThese findings provide important new information about the associations between several pain-related cognitions and pain severity, depression, and pain interference and the potential mediating roles that these cognitions play in the associations between pain severity and depression in patients with both chronic pain and depression in the primary care setting.
Effects of exercise training combined with psychological intervention compared to exercise training alone in prediabetes subjects
Authors: Siyu Yu , Hong Liu , Qun Yan , Hua Qiu , Kang Wu , Yibiao Ding , Wenping Wang , Qian She , Bo Feng , Xiaonan Ruan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
Prior research has confirmed the efficacy of exercise training (ET) in patients with prediabetes. However, whether the effectiveness of a combination of exercise and psychological intervention (EP) is better than ET alone in prediabetes in terms of physiological function, psychological status and glycometabolism has rarely been investigated.

Methods
Forty newly diagnosed prediabetes patients (65.3 ± 8.1 years) took part in the study. Subjects were divided into a pure ET group and a combined EP group. Interventions were conducted in 40–50-min sessions twice weekly for 32 weeks. Physiological, psychological and biochemical indicator measurements were taken after pre-, mid- and post-interventions, respectively.

Results
The main finding confirmed a significant improvement in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate, high-density lipoprotein, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from pre- to mid- and post-test differentially in both groups (P &lt; 0.05) by post hoc analyses. The EP group has a greater magnitude of improvement of DBP than the ET group. Significant differences were observed in FPG at mid-intervention and total cholesterol at post-intervention between the ET and EP groups. Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) scores of EP group were significantly less than ET group after post-intervention.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that EP might be a promising method lead to more apparent long-term effects on glycometabolism and psychological status for prediabetes patients. Other domains were improved by both interventions, but no typical pattern could be identified. Its underlying mechanisms need further study, and directions for future research are suggested.
Trends in access to female cancer screening in Brazil, 2007–16
Authors: Passos Camila M , Sales Jacqueline B , Maia Emanuella G , Caldeira Thaís C M , Rodrigues Roberta D , Figueiredo Natasha , Claro Rafael M 
Published: February 2020

Abstract

Background
This study aims to analyse changes in the prevalence of cervical cancer (CCa) and breast cancer (BCa) screening among women in the Brazilian capitals and Federal District in the last decade (2007–16).

Methods
Data from the surveillance system of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases through telephone interviews (n = 267 949) were used. Adequate screening consisted of, at least, one Pap test triennially, for women aged between 25 and 64 years, and mammography exam biannually, for women aged between 50 and 69 years. The prevalence of adequate screening was investigated for each type of cancer isolated and combined (women aged between 50 and 64 years). The prevalence of adequate screening was estimated for the total population and according to socioeconomic variables. Linear regression models were used.

Results
The prevalence of adequate screening test for CCa remained stable, around 82%, while the screening test for BCa increased from 71 to 78% between 2007 and 2016. Higher increases were observed among women with low schooling and from less developed regions. The percentage of adequate screening (considering both types), for women aged between 25 and 69 years, remained stable, close to 78%.

Conclusions
Screening for BCa increased significantly. Smaller coverage rates are verified among women with low schooling and from less developed regions.
An extension to: Systematic assessment of commercially available low-input miRNA library preparation kits
Authors: Heinicke Fatima , Zhong Xiangfu , Zucknick Manuela , Breidenbach Johannes , Sundaram Arvind Y.M. , Flåm Siri T. , Leithaug Magnus , Dalland Marianne , Rayner Simon , Lie Benedicte A. , Gilfillan Gregor D. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractHigh-throughput sequencing has emerged as the favoured method to study microRNA (miRNA) expression, but biases introduced during library preparation have been reported. To assist researchers choose the most appropriate library preparation kit, we recently compared the performance of six commercially-available kits on synthetic miRNAs and human RNA, where library preparation was performed by the vendors. We hereby supplement this study with data from two further commonly used kits (NEBNext, NEXTflex) whose manufacturers initially declined to participate. As before, performance was assessed with respect to sensitivity, reliability, titration response and differential expression. Despite NEXTflex employing partially-randomised adapter sequences to minimise bias, we reaffirm that biases in miRNA abundance are kit-specific, complicating the comparison of miRNA datasets generated using different kits.
The SensorOverlord predicts the accuracy of measurements with ratiometric biosensors
Authors: Stanley Julian A. , Johnsen Sean B. , Apfeld Javier 
Published: February 2020

AbstractTwo-state ratiometric biosensors change conformation and spectral properties in response to specific biochemical inputs. Much effort over the past two decades has been devoted to engineering biosensors specific for ions, nucleotides, amino acids, and biochemical potentials. The utility of these biosensors is diminished by empirical errors in fluorescence-ratio signal measurement, which reduce the range of input values biosensors can measure accurately. Here, we present a formal framework and a web-based tool, the SensorOverlord, that predicts the input range of two-state ratiometric biosensors given the experimental error in measuring their signal. We demonstrate the utility of this tool by predicting the range of values that can be measured accurately by biosensors that detect pH, NAD+, NADH, NADPH, histidine, and glutathione redox potential. The SensorOverlord enables users to compare the predicted accuracy of biochemical measurements made with different biosensors, and subsequently select biosensors that are best suited for their experimental needs.
Latrophilins are essential for endothelial junctional fluid shear stress mechanotransduction
Authors: Tanaka Keiichiro , Prendergast Andrew , Hintzen Jared , Kumar Abhishek , Chung Minhwan , Koleske Anthony , Crawford Jason , Nicoli Stefania , Schwartz Martin A. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractEndothelial cell (EC) responses to fluid shear stress (FSS) are crucial for vascular development, adult physiology and disease. PECAM1 is an important transducer but earlier events remain poorly understood. We therefore investigated heterotrimeric G proteins in FSS sensing. Knockdown (KD) in ECs of single Gα proteins had little effect but combined depletion of Gαi and Gαq/11 blocked all known PECAM1-dependent responses. Re-expression of Gαi2 and Gαq but not Gαi1 and Gαi3 rescued these effects. Sequence alignment and mutational studies identified that K307 in Gαi2 and Gq/11 (Q306 in Gαi1/3), determines participation in flow signaling. We developed pull-down assays for measuring Gα activation and found that this residue, localized to the GPCR interface, determines activation by FSS. We developed a protocol for affinity purification of GPCRs on activated Gα’s, which identified latrophilins (ADGRLs) as specific upstream interactors for Gαi2 and Gq/11. Depletion of latrophilin-2 blocked EC activation of Gαi2 and Gαq, downstream eventsin vitro, and flow-dependent vascular morphogenesis in zebrafish embryos. Surprisingly, latrophilin-2 depletion also blocked flow activation of two additional pathways activated at cell-cell junctions, Smad1/5 and Notch1, independently of Gα proteins. Latrophilins are thus central mediators of junctional shear stress mechanotransduction via Gα protein-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
Tensile Force Induced Cytoskeletal Reorganization: Mechanics Before Chemistry
Authors: Li Xiaona , Ni Qin , He Xiuxiu , Kong Jun , Lim Soon-Mi , Papoian Garegin A. , Trzeciakowski Jerome P. , Trache Andreea , Jiang Yi 
Published: February 2020

AbstractUnderstanding cellular remodeling in response to mechanical stimuli is a critical step in elucidating mechano-activation of biochemical signaling pathways. Experimental evidence indicates that external stress-induced subcellular adaptation is accomplished through dynamic cytoskeletal reorganization. To study the interactions between subcellular structures involved in transducing mechanical signals, we combined experimental and computational simulations to evaluate real-time mechanical adaptation of the actin cytoskeletal network. Actin cytoskeleton was imaged at the same time as an external tensile force was applied to live vascular smooth muscle cells using a fibronectin-functionalized atomic force microscope probe. In addition, we performed computational simulations of active cytoskeletal networks under a tensile external force. The experimental data and simulation results suggest that mechanical structural adaptation occurs before chemical adaptation during filament bundle formation: actin filaments first align in the direction of the external force, initializing anisotropic filament orientations, then the chemical evolution of the network follows the anisotropic structures to further develop the bundle-like geometry. This finding presents an alternative, novel explanation for the stress fiber formation and provides new insight into the mechanism of mechanotransduction.Author SummaryRemodeling the cytoskeletal network in response to external force is key to mechanosensing and locomotion. Despite much focus on cytoskeletal remodeling in recent years, a comprehensive understanding of actin remodeling in real-time in cells under mechanical stimuli is still lacking. We integrated stress-induced 3D actin imaging and 3D computational simulations of actin cytoskeleton to study how the actin cytoskeleton form bundles and how these bundles evolve over time upon external tensile stress. We found a rapid actin alignment and a slower bundle evolution leading to denser bundles. Based on these results, we propose a “mechanics before chemistry” model of actin cytoskeleton remodeling under external force.
Gα/GSA-1 works upstream of PKA/KIN-1 to regulate calcium signaling and contractility in theCaenorhabditis elegansspermatheca
Authors: Castaneda Perla G. , Cecchetelli Alyssa D. , Pettit Hannah N. , Cram Erin J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractCorrect regulation of cell contractility is critical for the function of many biological systems. The reproductive system of the hermaphroditic nematodeC. eleganscontains a contractile tube of myoepithelial cells known as the spermatheca, which stores sperm and is the site of oocyte fertilization. Regulated contraction of the spermatheca pushes the embryo into the uterus. Cell contractility in the spermatheca is dependent on actin and myosin and is regulated, in part, by Ca2+signaling through the phospholipase PLC-1, which mediates Ca2+release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Here, we describe a novel role for GSA-1/Gαs, and protein kinase A, composed of the catalytic subunit KIN-1/PKA-C and the regulatory subunit KIN-2/PKA-R, in the regulation of Ca2+release and contractility in theC. elegansspermatheca. Without GSA-1/Gαsor KIN-1/PKA-C, Ca2+is not released, and oocytes become trapped in the spermatheca. Conversely, when PKA is activated through either a gain of function allele in GSA-1 (GSA-1(GF)) or by depletion of KIN-2/PKA-R, Ca2+is increased, and waves of Ca2+travel across the spermatheca even in the absence of oocyte entry. In the spermathecal-uterine valve, loss of GSA-1/Gαsor KIN-1/PKA-C results in sustained, high levels of Ca2+and a loss of coordination between the spermathecal bag and sp-ut valve. Additionally, we show that depleting phosphodiesterase PDE-6 levels alters contractility and Ca2+dynamics in the spermatheca, and that the GPB-1 and GPB-2 Gβsubunits play a central role in regulating spermathecal contractility and Ca2+signaling. This work identifies a signaling network in which Ca2+and cAMP pathways work together to coordinate spermathecal contractility.Author SummaryOrganisms are full of biological tubes that transport substances such as food, liquids, and air through the body. Moving these substances in a coordinated manner, with the correct directionality, timing, and rate is critical for organism health. In this study we usedCaenorhabditis elegans, a small transparent worm, to study how cells in biological tubes coordinate how and when they squeeze and relax. TheC. elegansspermatheca is part of the reproductive system, which uses calcium signaling to drive the coordinated contractions that push fertilized eggs out into the uterus. Using genetic analysis and a calcium-sensitive fluorescent protein, we show that the G-protein GSA-1 functions with protein kinase A to regulate calcium release, and contraction of the spermatheca. These findings establish a link between G-protein and cAMP signaling that may apply to similar signaling pathways in other systems.