bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on enhancement of defect detection and defect size estimation in deep groove ball bearing
Authors: Patel Priyank , Patel V N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Rolling elements bearings are widely used in rotating equipment and machines to support load and to reduce friction. The presence of micron sized defects on the mating surfaces of the bearing components can lead to failure through passage of time. The large size defects on bearing elements can be detected/identified by time domain and frequency domain analysis of its vibration signals. However, it becomes difficult to detect local bearing defects at their initial stage either due to their smaller size or presence of noise. In the present experimental study, detection of local defects like crack and pits on bearing races have been carried out. Vibrations generated by healthy bearing and bearing having circular or rectangular defect on either race of bearing have been analyzed using MATLAB software. Signal to noise ratio of vibration signal has been enhanced through self- adaptive noise cancellation. Moreover, width of rectangular defects and diameter of circular defects have been estimated through ‘db5’ wavelet. The estimated defect sizes have been compared and validated through measured actual crack width or pit diameter. Accuracy of results proves that wavelet analysis of time domain signal can be used with confidence to estimate the width of fatigue crack and pit of the bearing races.
Finite Element Analysis of Automotive Drum Brake for Prediction of Wear of Friction Liner
Authors: Shinde Dinesh , Bulsara Mukesh , Mistry K N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Brake is a crucial part of an automobile, whose performance evaluation is always, been an important task industry people are looking for. The evaluation of performance of the brake experimentally is very complex and un-economical for each and every time. This led to development of a model using soft-computing to accurately assess the brake every time. This paper presents development of such a model for drum brake using FEA and experimentally validating it for its feasibility and reliability. An automotive drum brake is chosen for study and a FEA model is developed, deformation characteristics of the brake liner surface is drawn from it and presented in terms of mean nodal height at twenty different points on its surface. The brake liner with available material (composition) is subjected to experimentation using a test set up and its surface wear is measured using a height gauge and a holding fixture. Percentage of wear is evaluated by considering initial height (new surface) and final height (weared surface). The developed FEA model is remarkably close to the exact conditions, which can be confirmed through the experimental results.
Influence of nozzle hole diameter on combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine under pilot injection mode
Authors: Dave Hiren , Sutaria Bharatkumar , Patel Brijesh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Present work was divided in two different parts. In first part, an experimental study was carried out to analyze the effect of dwell on diesel engine combustion and emission characteristics. Experimental data showed that shorter dwell results in improved specific fuel consumption (SFC) but with increased smoke emissions penalty. To overcome the disadvantage of higher smoke emissions associated with shorter dwell, an effort was made to reduce smoke emissions under pilot injection mode by changing nozzle hole diameter (NHD) while keeping rest of the injection parameters unchanged. In second part, this was done numerically by using commercial Converge 3-D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool. In addition to baseline NHD (0.120 mm), two other NHDs i.e. 0.08 mm and 0.160 mm were considered. Numerical results showed that for given injection parameters, lower NHD resulted in faster evaporation of injected fuel as well as greater homogeneity of the mixture prepared due to better air entrainment inside fuel spray and hence led to overall faster combustion process. This faster combustion process subsequently reduced the time available for spray interactions. Therefore, in spite of getting further shortening of dwell in case of 0.08 mm NHD compared to other two cases, soot emissions were reduced by 87.2% when NHD was reduced from 0.160 mm to 0.08 mm. However, nitric oxide (NO) emission was found to increase by around 43% when NHD was reduced from 0.160 mm to 0.08 mm.
Investigation of a Magnet falling through a copper tube
Authors: Jain Sahil , Rathi Prita , Ramachandran M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Electromagnetic induction one of the most important concept around which most of the devices are developed around. My investigation explores the same concepts wherein a magnet falling through a copper tube depicts the same concept using a theoretical and experimental model. To be precise the research question is to investigation how the thickness of the copper tube affect the time taken for the magnet to fall through it. The investigation was done by dropping a magnet inside the copper tubes of different thickness and the time taken by the magnet to pass through the pipe of one meter length was noted. Moreover a theoretical model is devised using some concepts and equations. Using the theory the actual value of the gradient i.e.

1
ν

/w was found to be 120.58 m-2 s. in the investigation, the value of the gradient was found to be 116.89 m-2 s, which is only deferring by 3.16 % form the actual value. Therefore the investigation is accurate and reliable. Also the relationship between the thickness of the copper tube and the time taken by the magnet to pass through it is found to be linear, whereas the thickness increases the time taken by the magnet also increases.
Mechanical, Thermal and Morphological Characterization of Basalt Fibre Composite- A Review
Authors: Nautiyal Mehul , Shrinet Aditya , Ramachandran M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In fibre reinforced polymers as well as fibre reinforced mortar, basalt fibre has been made an important replacement to glass, polymeric fibre and steel after its exploration. Now a day’s BF (Basalt Fibre) has shown a rise in its attention as a replacement for glass and CF (Carbon Fibre). Basalt is a type of rock mainly dark coloured volcanic rock, which is formed after cooling lava from the volcano. In the production of fibre, basalt rocks having SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide) content of 46% is mainly used. Although basalt rock is found having various proportion of materials, only particular type of basalt rocks is used. The recently develop BFRP (Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymer) manufactured from naturally occurring volcanic rooks shows tremendous advantages for example its recyclable, eco-friendly or does not harm the eco-system, consumes less energy in productions and as compared other types of FRP, has high performance to cost ratio. Therefore, pertaining to these advantages basalt fibre reinforced fibre has become a more reliable material to use in civil works or buildings various infrastructure. As steel material comes in contact to the corrosion, BFRP is preferred over steel as it has resistance to chemical corrosion as well as it is light weight also.
Improving the efficiency of the Lay-Up process in the manufacture of Solar Panels through time-study
Authors: Patel Neepa M. , Rathore Vatsal 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Lay-Up is a manual process conducted during the manufacture of solar panels where the multiple layers are set together by hand. Since this process is done manually, there is no standard time period for it. Additionally, errors in process can increase production time needlessly. This research paper employs time-study to establish a standard operation time for Lay-Up aimed at singling out steps that cause loss of valuable time, efforts and resources. The time study is carried out by making a note of all the operations involved in Lay-Up and breaking them down into individual steps. The measurements are made using a digital stop watch and time sheet.
Design and Development of Masticatory Robot
Authors: Babu Binsu , Pillai Priam V 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Design and development of a masticatory robot to measure the forces acting on teeth during mastication. Piezoelectric film bed will be used to measure the forces acting on tooth during mastication. On top of the piezoelectric film bed the lower jaw tooth will be mounted. The lower jaw will be having the upward and downward motion whereas the teeth on the upper jaw will remain fixed. Load cells will be placed on the upper jaw. Load cells would help in recording the forces acting on teeth during mastication of food. During mastication of food, due to chewing of food, the piezoelectric film bed will be deformed which will produce an electric charge that can be mathematically modelled into force by using Labview software.
Metallurgical investigations on corrosion behavior of simple and heat treated duplex stainless steel 2205 exposed to corrosive media
Authors: Chaudhari A Y , Deshmukh D D 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Duplex stainless steel 2205 has proven to be the most acceptable material for marine and saline applications because of its superior corrosion resistance with good erosion and wear resistance. However, the disadvantage of stainless steel is its sensitivity to local corrosion in a solution containing chloride, which limits their use in seawater systems. The effect of heat treatment on corrosion properties of stainless steels can be studied in marine or chloride environments and investigation of changes in microstructure and corrosive property. This study presents the consequence of heat treatment on the microstructure and corrosion resistance and systematic approach to examine the corrosion behaviour of plain DSS 2205. Precipitation of secondary parts in DSS 2205 led to an extreme reduction in its corrosion resistance and another factor contributing to changes in ferrite and austenite ratios where preferential corrosion occurred in the DSS 2205 ferrite phase. The austenite phase shows better corrosion resistance than the ferrite phase due to maximum Ni content than ferrite. Cr is the most active element in the passive film to develop the resistance of DSS 2205 to localized corrosion. The heat treatment about 1080°C to DSS 2205 improves the corrosion resistance of steel comparatively.
Mathematical Modelling of Material Removal Rate During Electric Discharge Machining Using Buckingham’s Pi-Theorem
Authors: Gaikwad Vaibhav S , Jatti Vijaykumar S , Chinchanikar Satish S , Kakuste Nikhil S , Nandurkar Keshav N 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the present work an attempt has been made to model material removal rate (MRR) by using Buckingham’s Pi-theorem during electric discharge machining (EDM) of shape memory NiTi alloy. Machining of Ni-Ti alloyis mostly attempted by non- conventional methods of machining, and, especially by EDM, as this advance material imposes machinability issues when cut by conventional processes. However, EDM process has low material removal rate.In present investigation EDM of NiTi alloy is carried out using electrolytic copper toolon die sink type of electric discharge machine. The experimental-based mathematical model to predict MRR is developed varying process parameters such as gap current, pulse on time, pulse off time, voltage, workpiece electrical conductivity and tool electrode electrical conductivity during the experiments. The model developed using dimensional analysis and Buckingham pie theorempredicts the value of MRR close to the experimental observations with the accuracy of 91 % shows that the developed model could be used to predict MRR during EDM of NiTi alloy within the domain of the parameters selected in the present study.
Methods for Low Engine Speed Torque Improvement of Natural Gas Engine for Commercial Vehicles: Experimental Observations with Turbocharger and Supercharger
Authors: Suple P. J. , Sonawane C. R. , Thipse S. S. , Mohite J. P. , Chougule N. B. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Diesel engines have been powering a range of commercial vehicles for a many years. Considering air pollution, there is a thrust on use of natural gas (NG). Thereafter, natural gas engines for commercial vehicles have been subject of development, particularly to meet drivability demands and emissions requirements.
Bus used for intra-city mass transportation of passengers is probably the most common form of natural gas commercial vehicle. Considering typical city applications, such vehicles is characterized by low speeds, frequent gear changes, start-stops, traffic conditions etc. For better drivability, they need higher traction at low engine speeds. This study captures few means of torque enhancement and motive is to integrate a selective ones as not much research is available mentioning enhancements specifically at low engine speeds.
Turbocharging of natural gas engine is complicated due to high exhaust temperatures. As most turbocharger manufacturers cater to requirements of diesel engine, turbochargers for natural gas are simply not available. Many compromises are thus to be made. Under this study, four different turbochargers and one supercharger shall be simulated for experimenting and optimizing to enhance torque at low engine speeds. A virtual model of reference, naturally aspirated engine is built in appropriate software and its output is verified against test bed performance, to establish model faithfulness. Next, simulation runs with different turbochargers and superchargers are carried out. Various parameters are recorded and compared. Findings are recorded and it is noted that there is room for enhancement based on different hardware capabilities.
Metamodel-based parametric study of composite laminates
Authors: Fegade Vishal , Rawal Shannay , Ramachandran M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Composite laminates are an integral part of structural engineering. To exploit the full potential of such laminated structures, it is important to understand the effect of various material and geometric parameters on its static and dynamic behaviour. Conventionally high-fidelity numerical procedures like finite element methods have been used to carry out such analysis. Despite their overwhelming accuracy, such methods are computational time intensive making them unsuitable to carry out exhaustive parametric studies. To counter this, a polynomial regression-based metamodeling strategy and its subsequent use as a quick parametric analysis tool is depicted in this study. The metamodels are meticulously built and rigorously validated on the training and testing data using suitable statistical measures like 〖R〗^2,〖〖R〗^2〗_adj and 〖Q^2〗_F3.
Effect of Copper Nano Powder on Kevlar Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites
Authors: Reuben Rachel , Joshi Parth , Manickam Ramachandran 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
With developing technologies, more durable and efficient manufacturing materials is needed. One of such materials include “Fiber reinforced composites” which are robust and strong. They have a major demand in the industries of engineering and manufacturing. Carbon, glass, basalt and aramid fibers are mainly used for manufacturing of fiber reinforced polymer composites. The property which makes kevlar unique is that it is very strong compared to most of the metals while also being light in weight. It possesses excellent heat and shock resistance and is stable at very high temperatures. It has a wide range of uses in military applications such as bulletproof jackets, fireproof bodysuits and also in automobile industry in vehicles, aircrafts and spacecrafts. The tensile, flexural and impact strength of Kevlar 29 (K-29) fiber reinforced polymer composite is examined in this paper. The composite samples were fabricated by hand lay-up method. All Material testings were ensured to comply with the ASTM standards. According to the test results the developed Kevlar-29 fiber reinforced polymer composite showed better flexural, tensile and impact strength. Kevlar possesses superior and unique mechanical properties which makes it a prominent material for industrial applications.
A Review on New Technology in Internal Combustion Engine- HCCI engine
Authors: Mogra Ashish , Gupta Krishna Kumar 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In present study a concise literature review on Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine have been performed by taking the many practical problem which are hurdle for implementation of this concept. HCCI combustion is also termed as Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) technology because of its prospective to attain high efficiency and low Nox and particulate matter emission. The typical quality of HCCI technique is the need of preparation of homogeneous mixture early at combustion. Combustion processes in HCCI engine were controlled by chemical kinetics and proper mixing of fuel. Numerous researchers are working towards the challenges and solution for commercialization of this engine. Present review covers the elementary feature for the evaluation of HCCI engine, its working principle and challenges for practical implementation. This study elaborates the prospective solution and future growth in HCCI engine. The most critical challenges for HCCI engine is controlling method for direct ignition of combustion. Therefore in HCCI combustion engine implementation of this problem is way for practical availability of this concept.
Analysis of Curve Fitting for Case Studies for Indian Power Sector
Authors: Narkhede Rajkumar P , Rastogi Prabha 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
The requirements for Indian electrical power sector is always a challenging task in terms of predication of units of generation of electrical units, load factor (central, state and private ) for the power plants, peak demand, peak demand meet and peak demand shortage. The historical data from 1997 to 2018 are used for the analysis. The straight line function and polynomial functions used for the analysis of the data to predict the future. The paper outlines appropriates of the both model in context with the Indian power sector. Further, provide the opportunity to understand the regression coefficient as test condition for the model. The regression coefficients are evaluated for load factor such as 0.9448, 0.9659 and 0.9566 for central, state and private. While regression coefficients for the peak demand and peak demand meet are fairly closer to one. However, the model data values are evaluated and the minimum error in the peak demand is 44% and for peak demand meet is 274 % while maximum deviation in peak demand is 107 and fr peak demand meet is 743%.
Monte Carlo simulation based prediction model for ultimate tensile strength of Friction Stir Welded AA6063-ETP copper joint
Authors: Panaskar N J , Terkar R P 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
In the present study, Al-6063 and ETP Cu were lap welded using friction stir welding wherein the aluminum alloy sheet was placed on top of the Copper sheet. The process parameters, namely, tool rotational speed, tool traverse speed, and thickness of zinc inter-filler material, were optimized using Taguchi L9 orthogonal design of experiments. The optimum process parameters were determined with respect to the ultimate tensile strength of the weld. The predicted optimal value of ultimate tensile strength was confirmed through confirmation run using the optimum parameters. The analysis of variance showed that tool traverse speed and the zinc foil thickness were the most dominant factors contributing to the weld strength. The most critical parameters were found by using the full factorial analysis. Using full factorial analysis, tool traverse speed, zinc foil thickness, and their interactive effect, were found to be the most critical parameters. The Anderson-Darling test indicates that the ultimate tensile strength tends to follow a normal distribution.
Multistage forming analysis of spoke resonator end-wall
Authors: Sharma N K , Karma P , Pare V , Chaturvedi A , Nigam N , Kane G V , Chouksey M 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Spoke resonator components are typically formed by sheet metal forming operations such as deep drawing and bending. End wall, Spoke and Shell are the main components of spoke resonators. A sheet metal blank of niobium material is used to form the End wall and Spoke for a spoke resonator. This paper presents an elasto-plastic finite element analysis for single stage and multi stage forming of spoke resonator End wall. Numerical simulations were performed to investigate the effect of forming process parameters on localized thinning, residual stresses and study of failure such as tearing or wrinkling. Forming tools like die, punch and binder were modeled by UGNX 8.0, a modeling software and finite element analysis of forming has been simulated by Altair HYPERFORM software. The results of the analysis were used to assess the various forming process. The analysis showed that the multistage forming leads to better uniformity in thickness of component. This data will help in selection of appropriate forming process.
Numerical evaluation of Knuckle Joint with stainless steel material for total deformation and Von Mises analysis
Authors: Pawar Tejas , Chaudhari Yogeshwar , Jamadar Pradip , Ramachandran M. 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
A knuckle joint is used to connect the two rods which are under the tensile load, when there is requirement of small amount of flexibility or angular moment is necessary. There is always axial or linear line of action of load. So modelling and analysis of knuckle joint under a certain condition is carried out. Modelling and analysis of a knuckle joint was performed by using 3D software CATIA & Finite Element Analysis (FEA) respectively. For analysis we use Stainless Steel materials. The maximum elastic strain intensity is 0.00052959 m/m and the minimum elastic strain intensity is 5.1094e-10 m/m. The maximum equivalent elastic strain is 0.00038217 m/m and the minimum equivalent elastic strain is 4.4217e-10 m/m. The maximum equivalent (Von Mises) stress is 7.6421e7 Pa and the minimum equivalent (Von Mises) stress is 72.422 Pa. The maximum total deformation is 7.0468e-6 m and the minimum total deformation is 0 m.
Optimisation of Flexural strength in Zirconia nanoclusters of the Bis-GMA & TEGDMA based dental composites
Authors: sadiq Siddiqui Mohd. Saif Mohd , Hambire Umesh 
Published: May 2020

Abstract
Chewing food is a dynamic and continuous process. tooth is an important component which can not be neglected. Accordingly to WHO(world health organization) report nearly 100% people have decay once in life. Decay can be filled with gold, silver amalgam. Composites have advantages by providing natural colour of tooth, less tooth removal required to fill cavity and natural tooth structure can be maintained. The aim of this work is to present an analysis of the composites and furnish dentists with a basis that can provide criteria for choosing one or another to suit their treatment. The mechanical properties of composite resins are importantly depends upon filler content. Dental composites are using silica, quartz and alumina glass as filler for long time. Zirconia is the latest addition as filler. Chewing of food is a dynamic situation in which many forces are acting in all possible direction, the most important being the flexural force. Our aim is to optimise the flexural strength in Zirconia nanoclusters of the Bis-GMA & TEGDMA based dental composites. The aim of work is to find out best combination of composite material.