bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Providing End-of-Life Care to Patients: Critical Care Nurses’ Perceived Obstacles and Supportive Behaviors
Authors: Beckstrand Renea L. , Kirchhoff Karin T. 
Published: April 2020

• Background Critical care nurses care for dying patients daily. The process of dying in an intensive care unit is complicated, and research on specific obstacles that impede delivery of end-of-life care and/or supportive behaviors that help in delivery of end-of-life care is limited.
• Objective To measure critical care nurses’ perceptions of the intensity and frequency of occurrence of (1) obstacles to providing end-of-life care and (2) supportive behaviors that help in providing end-of-life care in the intensive care unit.
• Methods An experimental, posttest-only, control-group design was used. A national, geographically dispersed, random sample of members of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses was surveyed.
• Results The response rate was 61.3%, 864 usable responses from 1409 eligible respondents. The highest scoring obstacles were frequent telephone calls from patients’ family members for information, patients’ families who did not understand the term lifesaving measures, and physicians disagreeing about the direction of a dying patient’s care. The highest scoring supportive behaviors were allowing patients’ family members adequate time alone with patients after death, providing peaceful and dignified bedside scenes after death, and teaching patients’ families how to act around a dying patient.
• Conclusions The biggest obstacles to appropriate end-of-life care in the intensive care unit are behaviors of patients’ families that remove nurses from caring for patients, behaviors that prolong patients’ suffering or cause patients pain, and physicians’ disagreement about the plan of care.
Correlates of Neurocognitive Function of Patients After Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Sendelbach Sue , Lindquist Ruth , Watanuki Shigeaki , Savik Kay 
Published: April 2020

• Background Decreases in neurocognitive function have been reported in patients who have undergone off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery; however, few investigators have examined the correlates of the decreases.• Objectives To explore and determine the correlates of neurocognitive function at the time of discharge from the hospital in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.• Methods Patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery at Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minn, were administered tests of neurocognition (cognition and motor function), anxiety, depression, and quality of life preoperatively (within 72 hours of surgery) and postoperatively (at least 72 hours after surgery but before discharge from the hospital).• ResultsA total of 54 patients (79.6% men), mean age 64.5 years, completed tests both preoperatively and postoperatively. When baseline function was controlled for, increased age and new-onset atrial fibrillation (F3,40= 42.97; P &lt; .001) were associated with decreases in postoperative cognitive function; increased age and anxiety (F3,35= 15.83; P &lt; .001) were associated with decreases in postoperative motor function.• Conclusion Older patients, anxious patients, and patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation are at risk for neurocognitive changes after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Further studies with larger sample sizes should be done to examine interventions to reduce preoperative anxiety in these patients. Interventions to prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation should be explored to determine whether the interventions prevent a decline in neurocognitive function.
Mechanical Thromboprophylaxis in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Limpus Anthony , Chaboyer Wendy , McDonald Ellen , Thalib Lukman 
Published: April 2020

• Objective To systematically review the randomized trials, observational studies, and survey evidence on compression and pneumatic devices for thromboprophylaxis in intensive care patients.• Methods Published studies on the use of compression and pneumatic devices in intensive care patients were assessed. A meta-analysis was conducted by using the randomized controlled trials.• Results A total of 21 relevant studies (5 randomized controlled trials, 13 observational studies, and 3 surveys) were found. A total of 811 patients were randomized in the 5 randomized controlled trials; 3421 patients participated in the observational studies. Trauma patients only were enrolled in 4 randomized controlled trials and 4 observational studies. Meta-analysis of 2 randomized controlled trials with similar populations and outcomes revealed that use of compression and pneumatic devices did not reduce the incidence of venous thromboembolism. The pooled risk ratio was 2.37, indicative of favoring the control over the intervention in reducing the deep venous thrombosis; however, the 95% CI of 0.57 to 9.90 indicated no significant differences between the intervention and the control. A range of methodological issues, including bias and confounding variables, make meaningful interpretation of the observational studies difficult.• Conclusions The limited evidence suggests that use of compressive and pneumatic devices yields results not significantly different from results obtained with no treatment or use of low-molecular-weight heparin. Until large randomized controlled trials are conducted, the role of mechanical approaches to thromboprophylaxis for intensive care patients remains uncertain.
Rotational Bed Therapy to Prevent and Treat Respiratory Complications: A Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Goldhill David R. , Imhoff Michael , McLean Barbara , Waldmann Carl 
Published: April 2020

• Background Immobility is associated with complications involving many body systems.
• Objective To review the effect of rotational therapy (use of therapeutic surfaces that turn on their longitudinal axes) on prevention and/or treatment of respiratory complications in critically ill patients.
• Methods Published articles evaluating prophylaxis and/or treatment were reviewed. Prospective randomized controlled trials were assessed for quality and included in meta-analyses.
• Results A literature search yielded 15 nonrandomized, uncontrolled, or retrospective studies. Twenty prospective randomized controlled trials on rotational therapy were published between 1987 and 2004. Various types of beds were studied, but few details on the rotational parameters were reported. The usual control was manual turning of patients by nurses every 2 hours. One animal investigation and 12 clinical trials addressed the effectiveness of rotational therapy in preventing respiratory complications. Significant benefits were reported in the animal study and 4 of the trials. Significant benefits to patients were reported in 2 of another 4 studies focused on treatment of established complications. Researchers have examined the effects of rotational therapy on mucus transport, intrapulmonary shunt, hemodynamic effects, urine output, and intracranial pressure. Little convincing evidence is available, however, on the most effective rotation parameters (eg, degree, pause time, and amount of time per day). Meta-analysis suggests that rotational therapy decreases the incidence of pneumonia but has no effect on duration of mechanical ventilation, number of days in intensive care, or hospital mortality.
• Conclusions Rotational therapy may be useful for preventing and treating respiratory complications in selected critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation.
Facteurs d’inquiétante étrangeté dans les tableaux vivants de l’art contemporain. L’apport du récit littéraire
Authors: Boucher Mélanie 
Published: April 2020

This article considers three central components of tableaux vivants — the transfers of medium that characterize them; their inscription in various disciplines whose codes they partly adopt; and the imperfect immobility they present — that make the expression of the uncanny possible in contemporary art tableaux. Unlike historical and popular tableaux vivants or those related to other disciplines, contemporary art tableaux tend to reproduce not one, but several historical sources and to link them to aspects of personal life. In addition, they tend to exploit different strategies to integrate motion with immobility, which amplifies the effect of the uncanny. This article draws additionally on literary works that feature narratives of tableaux vivants and related practices to investigate the uncanny in contemporary art tableaux.
Evolving Strategies for Producing Multiscale Graphene‐Enhanced Fiber‐Reinforced Polymer Composites for Smart Structural Applications
Authors: Mirabedini Azadeh , Ang Andrew , Nikzad Mostafa , Fox Bronwyn , Lau Kin‐Tak , Hameed Nishar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGraphene has become an important research focus in many current fields of science including composite manufacturing. Developmental work in the field of graphene‐enhanced composites has revealed several functional and structural characteristics that promise great benefits for their use in a broad range of applications. There has been much interest in the production of multiscale high‐performance, lightweight, yet robust, multifunctional graphene‐enhanced fiber‐reinforced polymer (gFRP) composites. Although there are many reports that document performance enhancement in materials through the inclusion of graphene nanomaterials into a matrix, or its integration onto the reinforcing fiber component, only a few graphene‐based products have actually made the transition to the marketplace. The primary focus of this work concerns the structural gFRPs and discussion on the corresponding manufacturing methodologies for the effective incorporation of graphene into these systems. Another important aspect of this work is to present recent results and highlight the excellent functional and structural properties of the resulting gFRP materials with a view to their future applications. Development of clear standards for the assessment of graphene material properties, improvement of existing materials and scalable manufacturing technologies, and specific regulations concerning human health and environmental safety are key factors to accelerate the successful commercialization of gFRPs.
Metal Coordination Sphere Deformation Induced Highly Stokes‐Shifted, Ultra Broadband Emission in 2D Hybrid Lead‐Bromide Perovskites and Investigation of Its Origin
Authors: Febriansyah Benny , Borzda Tetiana , Cortecchia Daniele , Neutzner Stefanie , Folpini Giulia , Koh Teck Ming , Li Yongxin , Mathews Nripan , Petrozza Annamaria , England Jason 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPublished studies of layered (2D) (100)‐oriented hybrid lead‐bromide perovskites evidence a correlation between increased inter‐octahedral (Pb‐Br‐Pb) distortions and the appearance of broadband white light emission. However, the impact of distortions within their constituent [PbBr6]4− octahedra has yet to be assessed. Herein, we report two new (100)‐oriented 2D Pb‐Br perovskites, whose structures display unusually high intra‐octahedral distortions, whilst retaining minimal inter‐octahedral distortions. Using a combination of temperature‐dependent, power‐dependent and time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopic measurements, we show that increased intra‐octahedral distortion induces exciton localization processes and leads to formation of multiple photoinduced emissive colour centres. Ultimately, this leads to highly Stokes‐shifted, ultrabroad white light emission at room temperature.
Advancing DNA Steganography with Incorporation of Randomness
Authors: Cui Meiying , Zhang Yixin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDNA has become a promising candidate as a future data storage medium; this makes DNA steganography indispensable in DNA data security. PCR primers are conventional secret keys in DNA steganography. Brute force testing of different primers will be extremely time consuming, and practically unaffordable when high‐throughput sequencing is used. However, the encrypted information can be sequenced and read once the primers are intercepted. A new steganography approach is needed to make the DNA‐encoded information safer, if not unhackable. Mixing information‐carrying DNA with a partially degenerated DNA library containing single or multiple restriction sites, we have built an additional protective layer that can be removed by desired restriction enzymes as secondary secret keys. As PCR is inevitable for reading DNA‐encrypted information, heating will cause reshuffling and generate endonuclease‐resistant mismatched duplexes, especially for DNA with high sequence diversity. Consequently, with the incorporation of randomness, DNA steganography possesses both quantum key distribution (QKD)‐like function for detecting PCR by an interceptor and a self‐destructive property. It is noteworthy that the background noise generated through the protective layer is independent from any sequencing technology including Sanger and high‐throughput sequencing. With a DNA ink incorporating the steganography, we have shown that the authenticity of a piece of writing can be confirmed only by authorized persons with knowledge of all embedded keys.
Monitoring Dicer‐Mediated miRNA‐21 Maturation and Ago2 Loading by a Dual‐Colour FIT PNA Probe Set
Authors: Loibl Natalia , Arenz Christoph , Seitz Oliver 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe inhibition of micro RNA (miRNA) maturation by Dicer and loading matured miRNAs into the RNA‐induced silencing complex (RISC) is envisioned as a modality for treatment of cancer. Existing methods for evaluating maturation either focus on the conversion of modified precursors or detect mature miRNA. Whereas the former is not applicable to native pre‐miRNA, the latter approach underestimates maturation when both nonmatured and matured miRNA molecules are subject to cleavage. We present a set of two orthogonally labelled FIT PNA probes that distinguish between cleaved pre‐miRNA and the mature miRNA duplex. The probes allow Dicer‐mediated miR21 maturation to be monitored and Ago2‐mediated unwinding of the miR21 duplex to be assayed. A two‐channel fluorescence readout enables measurement in real‐time without the need for specialized instrumentation or further enzyme mediated amplification.
Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from B. forficata subsp. Pruinosa
Authors: Palsikowski Paula A. , Besen Letícia M. , Klein Elissandro J. , da Silva Camila , da Silva Edson A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractExtracts containing bioactive compounds were obtained from Bauhinia forficata leaves by ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) with three different solvents (n‐hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol) and were compared with those obtained by a conventional method (maceration). Box‐Behnken experimental design was applied to examine and optimize the effect of the extraction temperature (40°C‐60°C), power (20%‐80%), and sample to solvent ratio (1:10 to 1:20 (w/v)) on the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of B. forficata leaf extracts. This experimental design generated second‐order polynomial models, which accurately describe the experimental data, allowing the prediction of optimal conditions for the investigated responses. Optimal extraction was achieved under the following conditions: 80% power, temperature of 41°C, and a 1:20 sample to solvent ratio. Under these conditions, the experimental yield was 8.33 ± 0.32%, total phenolic content was 59.47 ± 0.71 mg GAE · gextract−1, total flavonoid content was 62.30 ± 3.38 mg QE · gextract−1, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power was 726.7 ± 15.7 μmol Fe(II)EQ · gextract−1, which were close to the predicted values, which validated the models. The major compounds found in B. forficata extracts were tocopherols, phytol, heneicosane, and β‐Sitosterol.
An Ultrasound‐Triggered ROS Sustained Supplier Based on Open Source and Reduce Expenditure Strategy for Colon Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Huijuan , Cao Fang , Zhu Ling , Hou Lin , Zhang Zhenzhong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a decisive role in sonodynamic therapy (SDT). However, hypoxic microenvironment of tumors and short lifetime of ROS limit the implementation of SDT. In this work, an ultrasound (US)‐triggered ROS sustained supplier based on open source and reduce expenditure strategy was constructed. The mesoporous titanium dioxide nanoparticles (MTN) were used as carriers and sonosensitizers, to load US‐responsive perfluoropentane (PFP) and bleomycin (BLM), a blocking agent to reduce ROS scavenging. Thereafter, nanoparticles were wrapped by red blood cell membrane (RBCm) with TKD modification (TKD@RMPB). Under US irradiation, MTN disintegrated into small TiO2 nanoparticles to release PFP and BLM. PFP effectively supplied O2 to enhance ROS generation. Furthermore, BLM reduced the activity of SOD enzyme so that ROS clearance would decrease. This dual role contributed ROS explosive accumulation in tumor cells. In vitro results showed the ROS level of TKD@RMPB group was 3.62 times that of MTN group. Compared with MTN, the proportion of DNA damage in TKD@RMPB group increased by 2.23 times. Moreover, in vivo results indicated that TKD@RMPB could significantly reduce pulmonary fibrotic lesions caused by BLM, suggesting that TKD@RMPB realized simultaneous chemotherapy and SDT for HT‐29 colon cancer with high efficiency and low toxicity.
SilverSil: A New Class of Antibacterial Materials of Broad Scope
Authors: Trabelsi Keren , Ciriminna Rosaria , Albo Yael , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: April 2020

AbstractConsisting of organically modified silica (ORMOSIL) physically doped with Ag nanoparticles, the SilverSil new class of antibacterial materials of broad scope reported herein shows remarkably high and stable activity against representative Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The low cost, ease of application and excellent health and environmental profile of SilverSil hybrid glassy coatings open the route to their widespread utilization across domestic, hospital, school, industrial and commercial environments and in consumer products.
A qualitative investigation of a mindfulness‐based yoga program for educators: How program attendance relates to outcomes
Authors: Schussler Deborah L. , Harris Alexis R. , Greenberg Mark T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractContemplative professional development interventions seek to help educators manage stress and improve emotion regulation, yet the mechanisms of action revealing how they result in positive psychological and physical outcomes remain unclear. Using focus groups based on levels of attendance, this qualitative study examined how educators with different levels of attendance perceived their experiences in Community Approach to Learning Mindfully (CALM), a mindfulness‐based yoga program. Using theory‐driven and data‐driven codes, two researchers adopted a thematic analytical approach to independently code interviews. Results suggest that individuals across all groups indicated participation in CALM stimulated awareness of some kind—somatic, emotional, or awareness of thought patterns. However, participants who attended more frequently were more likely to practice mindfulness informally during routine activities. This increased skill integration was associated with improved outcomes. Program acceptability was high across attendance groups although those with low attendance felt stressed making time to attend the program. Collegiality emerged as an important benefit and catalyst for reinforcing practices. Implications for professional development are discussed, including the role of collegiality and the importance of program readiness.
Tracheal and lower airway changes in a patient with mucolipidosis type II
Authors: Poore Thomas S. , Prager Jeremy , Weinman Jason P. , Larson Austin , Houin Paul 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionMucolipidosis type II (MLII) is a lysosomal storage disease causing systemic deposition of mucopolysaccharides. We describe imaging and bronchoscopy findings not previously reported in the literature in a child with MLII.CaseA 9‐year‐old with MLII s/p hematopoietic stem‐cell transplant (HSCT), bronchiectasis, and aspiration presented with recurrent respiratory illnesses. Bronchoscopy and chest computed tomography were performed, showing a saber‐sheath trachea with fixed narrowing and curvature.DiscussionThis case describes potentially life‐threatening airway distortion in MLII despite HSCT that cannot be ameliorated with tracheostomy. Etiology is unknown but likely due to abnormal deposition causing an immobile, stenotic airway and restricted thorax.
A mathematical discussion of Pons Viver's implementation of Löwdin's spin projection operator
Authors: Yoshizawa Terutaka 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRecently, the molecular electronic structure theories for efficiently treating static (or strong) correlation in a black‐box manner have attracted much attention. In these theories, a spin projection operator is used to recover the spin symmetry of a broken‐symmetry Slater determinant. Very recently, Pons Viver proposed the practical and exact implementation of Löwdin's spin projection operator (Int. J. Quantum Chem. 2019, 119, e25770). In the present study, we attempt to supply mathematical proofs to Pons Viver's proposals and show a condition for establishing Pons Viver's implementation. Moreover, we explicitly derive the (spin projected) extended Hartree‐Fock (EHF) equations on the basis of the model of common orbitals (ie, closed‐shell orbitals used in the restricted open‐shell Hartree‐Fock (ROHF) method), which was combined by Pons Viver with the EHF method.
Design and control of an image‐guided robot for spine surgery in a hybrid OR
Authors: Balicki Marcin , Kyne Sean , Toporek Grzegorz , Holthuizen Ronald , Homan Robert , Popovic Aleksandra , Burström Gustav , Persson Oscar , Edström Erik , Elmi‐Terander Adrian , Patriciu Alexandru 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive spine (MIS) fusion surgery requires image guidance and expert manual dexterity for a successful, efficient, and accurate pedicle screw placement. Operating room (OR)‐integrated robotic solution can provide precise assistance to potentially minimize complication rates and facilitate difficult MIS procedures.MethodsA 5‐degrees of freedom robot was designed specifically for a hybrid OR with integrated surgical navigation for guiding pedicle screw pilot holes. The system automatically aligns an instrument following the surgical plan using only instrument tracking feedback. Contrary to commercially available robotic systems, no tracking markers on the robotic arm are required. The system was evaluated in a cadaver study.ResultsThe mean targeting error (N = 34) was 1.27±0.57 mm and 1.62±0.85°, with 100% of insertions graded as clinically acceptable.ConclusionsA fully integrated robotic guidance system, including intra‐op imaging, planning, and physical guidance with optimized robot design and control, can improve workflow and provide pedicle screw guidance with less than 2 mm targeting error.