bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy and fertility-related adverse outcomes associated withChlamydia trachomatisinfection: a global systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tang Weiming , Mao Jessica , Li Katherine T , Walker Jennifer S , Chou Roger , Fu Rong , Chen Weiying , Darville Toni , Klausner Jeffrey , Tucker Joseph D 
Published: December 2019

BackgroundGenital chlamydia infection in women is often asymptomatic, but may result in adverse outcomes before and during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to examine the strength of the relationships between chlamydia infection and different reproductive health outcomes and to assess the certainty of the evidence.MethodsThis review was registered and followed the Cochrane guidelines. We searched three databases to quantitatively examine adverse outcomes associated with chlamydia infection. We included pregnancy and fertility-related outcomes. We performed meta-analyses on different study designs for various adverse outcomes using unadjusted and adjusted analyses.ResultsWe identified 4730 unique citations and included 107 studies reporting 12 pregnancy and fertility-related outcomes. Sixty-eight studies were conducted in high-income countries, 37 studies were conducted in low-income or middle-income countries, and 2 studies were conducted in both high-income and low-income countries. Chlamydia infection was positively associated with almost all of the 12 included pregnancy and fertility-related adverse outcomes in unadjusted analyses, including stillbirth (OR=5.05, 95% CI 2.95 to 8.65 for case–control studies and risk ratio=1.28, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.51 for cohort studies) and spontaneous abortion (OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.49 for case–control studies and risk ratio=1.47, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.85 for cohort studies). However, there were biases in the design and conduct of individual studies, affecting the certainty of the overall body of evidence. The risk of adverse outcomes associated with chlamydia is higher in low-income and middle-income countries compared with high-income countries.ConclusionChlamydia is associated with an increased risk of several pregnancy and fertility-related adverse outcomes in unadjusted analyses, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. Further research on how to prevent the sequelae of chlamydia in pregnant women is needed.Trial registration numberCRD42017056818.
Global parameterization of $$\pi \pi $$ scattering up to 2 $${\mathrm {\,GeV}}$$
Authors: Pelaez J. R. , Rodas A. , Ruiz de Elvira J. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe provide global parameterizations of $$\pi \pi \rightarrow \pi \pi $$

π
π
→
π
π

scattering S0 and P partial waves up to roughly 2 GeV for phenomenological use. These parameterizations describe the output and uncertainties of previous partial-wave dispersive analyses of $$\pi \pi \rightarrow \pi \pi $$

π
π
→
π
π

, both in the real axis up to 1.12 $${\mathrm {\,GeV}}$$

GeV

and in the complex plane within their applicability region, while also fulfilling forward dispersion relations up to 1.43 $${\mathrm {\,GeV}}$$

GeV

. Above that energy we just describe the available experimental data. Moreover, the analytic continuations of these global parameterizations also describe accurately the dispersive determinations of the $$\sigma /f_0(500)$$

σ
/

f
0

(
500
)

, $$f_0(980)$$

f
0

(
980
)

and $$\rho (770)$$

ρ
(
770
)

pole parameters.
Gauged $$U(1)_{L_\mu -L_\tau }$$ scotogenic model in light of $$R_{K^{(*)}}$$ anomaly and AMS-02 positron excess
Authors: Han Zhi-Long , Ding Ran , Lin Su-Jie , Zhu Bin 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe study the gauged$$U(1)_{L_\mu -L_\tau }$$U(1)Lμ-Lτscotogenic model with emphasis on latest measurement of LHCb$$R_{K^{(*)}}$$RK(∗)anomaly and AMS-02 positron excess. In this model, neutrino masses are induced at one-loop level with$$Z_2$$Z2-odd particles, i.e., right-handed neutrinos$$N_\ell (\ell =e,\mu ,\tau )$$Nℓ(ℓ=e,μ,τ)and inert scalar doublet$$\eta $$ηinside the loop. Meanwhile, the gauged$$U(1)_{L_\mu -L_\tau }$$U(1)Lμ-Lτsymmetry is broken spontaneously by the scalar singletS, resulting to the massive gauge boson$$Z'$$Z′. Provided certain couplings to quarks induced by heavy vector-like quarks, the gauge boson$$Z'$$Z′would contribute to the transition$$b\rightarrow s \mu ^+\mu ^-$$b→sμ+μ-, hence explain the$$R_{K^{(*)}}$$RK(∗)anomaly. As for the Majorana fermion DMN, the gauge boson$$Z'$$Z′and the singlet Higgs$$H_0$$H0will generate various annihilation channels, among which the$$NN\rightarrow Z'Z'$$NN→Z′Z′and$$NN\rightarrow Z'H_0(\rightarrow Z'Z')$$NN→Z′H0(→Z′Z′)channel could be used to interpret the AMS-02 positron excess. We give a comprehensive analysis on model parameter space with consider various current constraints. The combined analysis shows that the$$R_{K^{(*)}}$$RK(∗)anomaly and AMS-02 positron excess can be explained simultaneously.
Nuclear transition matrix elements for neutrinoless double-β decay of 76Ge isotope within PHFB approach
Authors: Rath P. K. , Kumar A. , Chandra R. , Gautam R. , Raina P. K. , Dixit B. M. 
Published: December 2019

Employing projected–Hartree–Fock–Bogoliubov (PHFB) model, nuclear transition matrix elements (NTMEs) [Formula: see text] for the neutrinoless double-[Formula: see text] decay of [Formula: see text]Ge isotope are calculated within mechanisms involving light as well as heavy Majorana neutrinos, and classical Majorons. By considering the spin-tensor decomposition of realistic KUO and empirical JUN45 effective two-body interactions, it is noticed that the effect due to SRC on NTMEs [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] involving the exchange of light and heavy Majorana neutrinos, respectively, is maximally incorporated by the central part of the effective two-body interaction, which varies by a small amount with the inclusion of spin-orbit and tensor components. Presently, the model-dependent uncertainties in the average NTMEs [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] turn out to be about 10% and 37%, respectively.
Saffron
Authors: Le Xuan-Bach D. , Pasareanu Corina , Padhye Rohan , Lo David , Visser Willem , Sen Koushik 
Published: December 2019

Fuzz testing has been gaining ground recently with substantial e orts devoted to the area. Typically, fuzzers take a set of seed inputs and leverage random mutations to continually improve the inputs with respect to a cost, e.g. program code coverage, to discover vulnerabilities or bugs. Following this methodology, fuzzers are very good at generating unstructured inputs that achieve high coverage. However fuzzers are less e ective when the inputs are structured, say they conform to an input grammar. Due to the nature of random mutations, the overwhelming abundance of inputs generated by this common fuzzing practice often adversely hinders the effectiveness and efficiency of fuzzers on grammar-aware applications. The problem of testing becomes even harder, when the goal is not only to achieve increased code coverage, but also to nd complex vulnerabilities related to other cost measures, say high resource consumption in an application.
We propose Saffron an adaptive grammar-based fuzzing approach to effectively and efficiently generate inputs that expose expensive executions in programs. Saffron takes as input a user-provided grammar, which describes the input space of the program under analysis, and uses it to generate test inputs. Saffron assumes that the grammar description is approximate since precisely describing the input program space is often difficult as a program may accept unintended inputs due to e.g., errors in parsing. Yet these inputs may reveal worst-case complexity vulnerabilities. The novelty of Saffron is then twofold: (1) Given the user-provided grammar, Saffron attempts to discover whether the program accepts unexpected inputs outside of the provided grammar, and if so, it repairs the grammar via grammar mutations. The repaired grammar serves as a speci cation of the actual inputs accepted by the application. (2) Based on the re ned grammar, it generates concrete test inputs. It starts by treating every production rule in the grammar with equal probability of being used for generating concrete inputs. It then adaptively re nes the probabilities along the way by increasing the probabilities for rules that have been used to generate inputs that improve a cost, e.g., code coverage or arbitrary user-de ned cost. Evaluation results show that Saffron signi cantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines.
Ranolazine may exert its beneficial effects by increasing myocardial adenosine levels
Authors: Le D. Elizabeth , Davis Catherine M. , Wei Kevin , Zhao Yan , Cao Zhiping , Nugent Matthew , Scott Kristin L. Lyon , Liu Lijuan , Nagarajan Shanthi , Alkayed Nabil J. , Kaul Sanjiv 
Published: December 2019

We hypothesized that ranolazine-induced adenosine release is responsible for its beneficial effects in ischemic heart disease. Sixteen open-chest anesthetized dogs with noncritical coronary stenosis were studied at rest, during dobutamine stress, and during dobutamine stress with ranolazine. Six additional dogs without stenosis were studied only at rest. Regional myocardial function and perfusion were assessed. Coronary venous blood was drawn. Murine endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes were incubated with ranolazine and adenosine metabolic enzyme inhibitors, and adenosine levels were measured. Cardiomyocytes were also exposed to dobutamine and dobutamine with ranolazine. Modeling was employed to determine whether ranolazine can bind to an enzyme that alters adenosine stores. Ranolazine was associated with increased adenosine levels in the absence (21.7 ± 3.0 vs. 9.4 ± 2.1 ng/mL, P < 0.05) and presence of ischemia (43.1 ± 13.2 vs. 23.4 ± 5.3 ng/mL, P < 0.05). Left ventricular end-systolic wall stress decreased (49.85 ± 4.68 vs. 57.42 ± 3.73 dyn/cm2, P < 0.05) and endocardial-to-epicardial myocardial blood flow ratio tended to normalize (0.89 ± 0.08 vs. 0.76 ± 0.10, P = nonsignificant). Adenosine levels increased in cardiac endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes when incubated with ranolazine that was reversed when cytosolic-5′-nucleotidase (cN-II) was inhibited. Point mutation of cN-II aborted an increase in its specific activity by ranolazine. Similarly, adenosine levels did not increase when cardiomyocytes were incubated with dobutamine. Modeling demonstrated plausible binding of ranolazine to cN-II with a docking energy of −11.7 kcal/mol. We conclude that the anti-adrenergic and cardioprotective effects of ranolazine-induced increase in tissue adenosine levels, likely mediated by increasing cN-II activity, may contribute to its beneficial effects in ischemic heart disease. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ranolazine is a drug used for treatment of angina pectoris in patients with ischemic heart disease. We discovered a novel mechanism by which this drug may exhibit its beneficial effects. It increases coronary venous levels of adenosine both at rest and during dobutamine-induced myocardial ischemia. Ranolazine also increases adenosine levels in endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes in vitro, by principally increasing activity of the enzyme cytosolic-5′-nucleotidase. Adenosine has well-known myocardial protective and anti-adrenergic properties that may explain, in part, ranolazine’s beneficial effect in ischemic heart disease.
Utility of 30-Day Continuous Ambulatory Monitoring to Identify Patients With Delayed Occurrence of Atrioventricular Block After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Tian Ying , Padmanabhan Deepak , McLeod Christopher J. , Zhang Pei , Xiao Peilin , Sandhu Gurpreet S. , Greason Kevin L. , Gulati Rajiv , Nkomo Vuyisile T. , Rihal Charanjit S. , Polk Lynn E. , Sanvick Carrie , Liu Xing-Peng , Friedman Paul A. , Cha Yong-Mei 
Published: December 2019

Background:
Mechanical injury in the conduction system requiring permanent pacemaker (PPM) associated with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedure is a common complication. The objective of this study was to use ambulatory monitor BodyGuardian to assess late occurrence of atrioventricular block (AVB) after TAVR.

Methods:
This prospective study evaluated 365 patients who underwent TAVR at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota between June 2016 and August 2017. Patients who received PPM for bradycardia after TAVR before discharge were considered as the PPM group. Those not requiring PPM received a BodyGuardian system (BodyGuardian group) for 30 days of continuous monitoring. Primary end point was Mobitz II or third-degree atrioventricular block (II/III AVB) at 30-day follow-up.

Results:
Of 365 patients, 74 who had a PPM or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator before TAVR and 94 who were enrolled in other studies were excluded. Of 197 patients enrolled in the study, 70 (35.5%) received PPM and 127 had BodyGuardian before the hospital dismissal. Eleven of 127 (8.6%) BodyGuardian group required PPM within 30 days after TAVR for late occurrence of symptomatic bradycardia. In total, 33 of 197 (16.7%) patients developed II/III AVB (24 before and 9 after discharge). Thirty-four patients had preexisting right bundle branch block. Of them, 16 (47%) developed II/III AVB. Of 53 patients who developed new left bundle branch block after TAVR, 14% progressed to II/III AVB within 30 days.

Conclusions:
In patients without a standard post-TAVR pacing indication, yet a potential risk to develop AVB, a strategy of 30-day monitoring identifies additional patients who require permanent pacing.
Pivotal Study of Endovenous Stent Placement for Symptomatic Iliofemoral Venous Obstruction
Authors: Razavi Mahmood K. , Black Stephen , Gagne Paul , Chiacchierini Richard , Nicolini Phillipe , Marston William ,   on behalf of the VIRTUS Investigators
Published: December 2019

Background:
Chronic venous insufficiency is characterized by inadequate venous return from the lower extremities, which may arise from intravenous obstruction after deep vein thrombosis or from extrinsic venous compression. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and effectiveness of a dedicated endovenous stent for symptomatic iliofemoral venous obstruction.

Methods:
The VIRTUS trial (VIRTUS Safety and Efficacy of the Veniti Vici Venous Stent System [Veniti, Inc] When Used to Treat Clinically Significant Chronic Non-Malignant Obstruction of the Iliofemoral Venous Segment) was a prospective, international, single-arm, pivotal study of endovenous stent placement in patients with symptomatic iliofemoral venous obstruction. Patients included those with ≥50% obstruction on venography and Clinical, Etiology, Anatomic, Pathophysiology clinical classification ≥3, or at least moderate leg pain with a Venous Clinical Severity Score of 2 or greater. All patients were treated with a self-expanding nitinol stent developed for dedicated use in the venous system (Vici Venous Stent System, Veniti, Inc/Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA). Patients returned for clinical and imaging follow-up visits at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year. The primary safety outcome was freedom from major adverse events at 30 days. The primary effectiveness outcome was venographic primary patency at 1-year. Adverse events were adjudicated by a Clinical Events Committee, and all imaging including venograms, intravascular ultrasound, and Doppler examinations were assessed by respective core laboratories.

Results:
Between March 2015 and November 2016, 170 patients (127 chronic post-thrombotic, mean age 54 years, 56.4% female) at 22 sites underwent endovenous stent placement. Mean diameter stenosis was 78%, with 31.2% total occlusions. Mean lesion length was 111.3 mm, range 10 to 260 mm (mean 125.3 mm for post-thrombotic patients and 70.2 mm for nonthrombotic patients). Freedom from a major adverse event through 30 days was 98.8%. The 1-year primary patency rate for the entire group was 84.0%. Venographic patency rates for the nonthrombotic and chronic post-thrombotic groups were 96.2% and 79.8%, respectively. At 12 months, 64% (85/132) of patients demonstrated at least a 3-point reduction in Venous Clinical Severity Score.

Conclusions:
Twelve-month safety and effectiveness were demonstrated with the use of a dedicated venous stent to treat symptomatic iliofemoral venous obstructions, with reductions in clinical symptoms and improvements in quality of life, through 1-year follow-up.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02112877.
Short‐ and Long‐Term Prognosis of Patients With Takotsubo Syndrome Based on Different Triggers: Importance of the Physical Nature
Authors: Uribarri Aitor , Núñez‐Gil Iván J. , Conty D. Aritza , Vedia Oscar , Almendro‐Delia Manuel , Duran Cambra Albert , Martin‐Garcia Agustin C. , Barrionuevo‐Sánchez Marisa , Martínez‐Sellés Manuel , Raposeiras‐Roubín Sergio , Guillén Marta , Garcia Acuña Jose Maria , Matute‐Blanco Lucía , Linares Vicente José A. , Sánchez Grande Flecha Alejandro , Andrés Mireia , Pérez‐Castellanos Alberto , Lopez‐Pais Javier ,   on behalf of the RETAKO Investigators
Published: December 2019

Background

Takotsubo syndrome (
TTS
) is an acute reversible heart condition initially believed to represent a benign pathology attributable to its self‐limiting clinical course; however, little is known about its prognosis based on different triggers. This study compared short‐ and long‐term outcomes between
TTS
based on different triggers, focusing on various physical triggering events.

Methods and Results

We analyzed patients with a definitive
TTS
diagnosis recruited for the Spanish National Registry on
TTS
(RETAKO [Registry on Takotsubo Syndrome]). Short‐ and long‐term outcomes were compared between different groups according to triggering factors. A total of 939 patients were included. An emotional trigger was detected in 340 patients (36.2%), a physical trigger in 293 patients (31.2%), and none could be identified in 306 patients (32.6%). The main physical triggers observed were infections (30.7%), followed by surgical procedures (22.5%), physical activities (18.4%), episodes of severe hypoxia (18.4%), and neurological events (9.9%).
TTS
triggered by physical factors showed higher mortality in the short and long term, and within this group, patients whose physical trigger was hypoxia were those who had a worse prognosis, in addition to being triggered by physical factors, including age >70 years, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular eyection fraction <30% and shock on admission, and increased long‐term mortality risk.

Conclusions

TTS
triggered by physical factors could present a worse prognosis in terms of mortality. Under the
TTS
label, there could be as yet undiscovered very different clinical profiles, whose differentiation could lead to individual better management, and therefore the perception of
TTS
as having a benign prognosis should be generally ruled out.
The Role of Oscillating Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds: Global Ocean Circulation
Authors: Cheon Woo Geun , Kug Jong-Seong 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn the framework of a sea ice–ocean general circulation model coupled to an energy balance atmospheric model, an intensity oscillation of Southern Hemisphere (SH) westerly winds affects the global ocean circulation via not only the buoyancy-driven teleconnection (BDT) mode but also the Ekman-driven teleconnection (EDT) mode. The BDT mode is activated by the SH air–sea ice–ocean interactions such as polynyas and oceanic convection. The ensuing variation in the Antarctic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) that is indicative of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation exerts a significant influence on the abyssal circulation of the globe, particularly the Pacific. This controls the bipolar seesaw balance between deep and bottom waters at the equator. The EDT mode controlled by northward Ekman transport under the oscillating SH westerly winds generates a signal that propagates northward along the upper ocean and passes through the equator. The variation in the western boundary current (WBC) is much stronger in the North Atlantic than in the North Pacific, which appears to be associated with the relatively strong and persistent Mindanao Current (i.e., the southward flowing WBC of the North Pacific tropical gyre). The North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation is controlled by salt advected northward by the North Atlantic WBC.
Cost Analysis of Implants in the Surgical Repair of Orbital Floor Fractures
Authors: Mims Mark M. , Wang Eric W. 
Published: December 2019

Objective: Options for the management of orbital floor fractures continue to evolve offering both potential advantages as well as higher costs. To date, the effect of implant choice on the cost associated with the repair of orbital floor fractures has not been studied. Methods: A retrospective review at a tertiary care, level I trauma center examining all adult, uncomplicated orbital floor fractures that underwent open reduction and internal fixation from 2013 to 2016. Patients with concurrent operative facial fractures were excluded. The main outcomes were overall cost of care from injury to last follow-up and operating room-related costs. Costs were determined using computerized records of charges as well as the hospital Charge Description Master. Kruksal-Wallis rank sum tests were used to analyze for differences between groups. Results: Twenty-eight patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Eight different stock, non-patient specific, implants were used for repair. The cost of individual types of implants ranged from $70.25 to $7 718.00. Total cost of care per patient across all implant types averaged $35 585.57 (range $25 586.26 to $49 985.74, P = .34). Operation-related charges accounted for the vast majority (94.4%) of the total cost of care. One complication occurred requiring operative re-positioning of the implant with an additional $13 042.41 in charges. Conclusions: In the setting of uncomplicated orbital floor fractures, surgeons should select an implant that allows them to carry out the repair in a safe, timely fashion. Additional large-scale studies would help to further delineate cost differences.
Validating Imputation Procedures to Calculate Corrected Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths, Marion County, Indiana, 2011-2016
Authors: Gupta Sumedha , Cohen Alex , Lowder Evan M. , Ray Bradley R. 
Published: December 2019

Objectives: Understanding the scope of the current opioid epidemic requires accurate counts of the number of opioid-involved drug overdose deaths. Given known errors and limitations in the reporting of these deaths, several studies have used statistical methods to develop estimates of the true number of opioid-involved overdose deaths. This study validates these procedures using a detailed county-level database of linked toxicology and vital records data. Methods: We extracted and linked toxicology and vital records data from Marion County, Indiana (Indianapolis), during a 6-year period (2011-2016). Using toxicology data as a criterion measure, we tested the validity of multiple imputation procedures, including the Ruhm regression-based imputation approach for correcting the number of opioid-involved overdose deaths. Results: Estimates deviated from true opioid-involved overdose deaths by 3% and increased in accuracy during the study period (2011-2016). For example, in 2016, 231 opioid-involved overdose deaths were noted in the toxicology data, whereas the corresponding imputed estimate was 233 opioid-involved overdose deaths. A simple imputation approach, based on the share of opioid-involved overdose deaths among all drug overdose deaths for which the death certificate specified ≥1 drug, deviated from true opioid-involved overdose deaths by ±5%. Conclusions: Commonly used imputation procedures produced estimates of the number of opioid-involved overdose deaths that are similar to the true number of opioid-involved overdose deaths obtained from toxicology data. Although future studies should examine whether these results extend beyond the geographic area covered in our data set, our findings support the continued use of these imputation procedures to quantify the extent of the opioid epidemic.