bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Προλογικό σημείωμα: συνομιλώντας για την πανδημία
Authors: Afouxenidis Alex , Chtouris Sotiris 
Published: June 2020

Στο παρόν –ένθετο– τεύχος της Επιθεώρησης, θα βρείτε κείμενα (μικρά ή μεγαλύτερα) σχετικά με την πανδημία και τις κοινωνικές επιπτώσεις αυτής λόγω της βαθιάς κρίσης που προκλήθηκε. Το τεύχος θα παραμείνει ανοικτό για όσο καιρό διαρκεί αυτή η κρίση έτσι ώστε κοινωνικοί και πολιτικοί επιστήμονες να μπορούν να γράψουν και να εκφράσουν την άποψη τους. Όλες και όλοι, ανεξάρτητα από την ειδικότητα τους, μπορούν να συνεισφέρουν στο διάλογο. Να σημειώσουμε εδώ ότι πολλά από τα κείμενα του τεύχους έχουν δοθεί σε τελική μορφή κατά τη περίοδο της καραντίνας και, συνεπώς, εκφράζουν μια (φωτογραφική) στιγμή της απώλειας της κανονικότητας. Η κρίση φυσικά αφορά τη χώρα μας, την Ευρώπη και τον υπόλοιπο κόσμο και, ακριβώς, λόγω της παγκοσμιοποιημένης φύσης της έχει πολλαπλά χαρακτηριστικά (που εκφράζονται σε συλλογικό ή ατομικό επίπεδο) και αμέτρητες δυσκολίες ως προς το πώς αντιμετωπίζεται. Με αναφορά σε αυτό το ζήτημα, στο ακόλουθο κείμενο αποτυπώνονται ορισμένες σκέψεις –υπό τη μορφή διαλόγου– των συγγραφέων, καταλήγoντας σε μια (νέα;) πρόταση δέκα βασικών σημείων για την κοινωνιολογία και την έρευνα.
Career development for infection and immunity research in Uganda: a decade of experience from the Makerere University – Uganda Virus Research Institute research and training programme
Authors: Nakanjako Damalie , Zalwango Flavia , Wairagala Pamela , Luboga Fiona , Andia Biraro Irene , Bukirwa Victoria Diana , Mboowa Mary Gorrethy , Cose Steve , Seeley Janet , Elliott Alison 
Published: June 2020

Background:The Makerere University/Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI) Centre of Excellence for Infection & Immunity Research and Training (MUII) is a collaborative programme supporting excellence in Infection and Immunity (I&I) research in Uganda. Set up in 2008, MUII aims to produce internationally competitive Ugandan and East African I&I research leaders, and develop human and infrastructural resources to support research and training excellence. We undertook an internal evaluation of MUII’s achievements, challenges and lessons learned between August 2008 and December 2019, to inform programmes seeking to build Africa’s health research expertise.Methods:Quantitative data were abstracted from programme annual reports. Qualitative data were obtained in March and April 2019: a cross-sectional evaluation was undertaken among a purposefully selected representative sample of 27 trainees and two programme staff. Qualitative data was analysed according to pre-determined themes of achievements, challenges, lessons learned and recommendations for improvement.Results:By December 2019, MUII had supported 68 fellowships at master’s-level and above (50% female: 23 Masters, 27 PhD, 15 post-doctoral, three group-leader fellows) and over 1,000 internships. Fellows reported career advancement, mentorship by experts, and improved research skills and outputs. Fellows have published over 300 papers, secured grants worth over £20m, established over 40 international collaborations, and taken on research and academic leadership positions in the country. Key lessons for success include the following: efficient administration provides an enabling environment; institutions need supportive policies for procurement, including provisions for purchases of specific biological research reagents from international manufacturers; strong international, multi-disciplinary collaboration provides a critical mass of expertise to mentor researchers in development; and mentorship catalyses young scientists to progress from graduate trainees to productive academic researchers, relevant to society’s most pressing health challenges.Conclusions:Sustainable academic productivity can be achieved through efficient operational support, global collaboration and mentorship to provide solutions to Africa’s health challenges.
Association of food environment and cardiovascular mortality
Authors: Jhaveri Khushali , Krishnan Anand , Kir Devika , Chen Kai , Angraal Suveen 
Published: June 2020

Background: The association between healthy dietary habits and cardiovascular health is well established; however, it is unknown whether access to healthy and sustainable food sources correlates with better cardiovascular mortality. Methods: County-level data on Food Environment Index (FEI) for 2014 was retrieved from the County Health Rankings dataset. County-level data on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) mortality was obtained from the death registry files of the National Vital Statistics System. We used a linear regression model to assess the association between FEI and CVD mortality after adjusting for sex and race distributions, urban-rural distribution and median household income. Results: Data were available for 3069 counties. The mean FEI was 7.0 (SD, 1.2) and mean CVD mortality (per 100,000 population) was 252.7 (95% CI, 247.1-258.3) across the United States in 2014. There was a significant inverse association between FEI and adjusted CVD mortality (P <0.001). Every unit increase in FEI corresponded to a decline in CVD mortality of 19.1 per 100,000 population. Conclusions: Higher FEI correlates with reduced CVD mortality. Improving access to healthy sustainable food sources may help decrease cardiovascular mortality.
Effect of sodium hypochlorite solution and gel with/without passive ultrasonic irrigation on Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and their endotoxins
Authors: Abu Hasna Amjad , Pereira Da Silva Laiana , Pelegrini Fernanda Carvalho , Ferreira Cláudia Luísa Ribeiro , de Oliveira Luciane Dias , Carvalho Cláudio Antonio Talge 
Published: June 2020

Background: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is the most commonly used irrigant in endodontics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of NaOCl solution (2.5%) and gel (3%) with/without passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) on Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and their endotoxins, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Methods: 40 human lower premolars were contaminated with E. coli (ATCC 25922) for 28 days and E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) for 21 days. Specimens were randomly divided into four groups: (1) 2.5% NaOCl irrigating the canals without PUI activation; (2) 2.5% NaOCl with PUI; (3) 3% NaOCl gel irrigating the canals without PUI; and (4) 3% NaOCl gel with PUI. 40 mL of irrigant was used for each group. PUI activation was carried out using E1-Irrisonic stainless-steel tip at 10% frequency. After treatment, all specimens were filled with 3mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for 3min and then washed with nonpyrogenic saline solution. Three samples were collected from the canals: S1, at baseline to confirm biofilm formation; S2 after treatment; and S3 after EDTA. Samples were assessed for E. coli and E. faecalis colony forming units, and LPS and LTA were assessed using chromogenic kinetic LAL assay and ELISA, respectively. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, Friedmann and Dunn tests with α≤0.05. Results: All groups were effective in reducing the microbial load of E. coli and E. faecalis after treatment without a significant difference among the groups. NaOCl and NaOCl gel groups had no significant difference in reducing LPS and LTA. Statistically increased reduction was seen for NaOCL + PUI and NaOCl gel + PUI compared for groups without PUI. Conclusions: NaOCl gel has the same antimicrobial action of NaOCl solution and can partially detoxify endotoxins. PUI improves NaOCl (gel or solution) action over E. faecalis and E. coli and their endotoxins.
Feasibility of informing syndrome-level empiric antibiotic recommendations using publicly available antibiotic resistance datasets
Authors: Leclerc Quentin J. , Naylor Nichola R. , Aiken Alexander M. , Coll Francesc , Knight Gwenan M. 
Published: June 2020

Background:Antibiotics are often prescribed empirically to treat infection syndromes before causative bacteria and their susceptibility to antibiotics are identified. Guidelines on empiric antibiotic prescribing are key to effective treatment of infection syndromes, and need to be informed by likely bacterial aetiology and antibiotic resistance patterns. We aimed to create a clinically-relevant composite index of antibiotic resistance for common infection syndromes to inform recommendations at the national level.Methods:To create our index, we used open-access antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance datasets, including the ECDC Surveillance Atlas, CDDEP ResistanceMap, WHO GLASS and the newly-available Pfizer ATLAS dataset. We integrated these with data on aetiology of common infection syndromes, existing empiric prescribing guidelines, and pricing and availability of antibiotics.Results: The ATLAS dataset covered many more bacterial species (287) and antibiotics (52) than other datasets (ranges = 8-11 and 16-32 respectively), but had a similar number of samples per country per year. Using these data, we were able to make empiric prescribing recommendations for bloodstream infection, pneumonia and cellulitis/skin abscess in up to 44 countries. There was insufficient data to make national-level recommendations for the other six syndromes investigated. Results are presented in an interactive web app, where users can visualise underlying resistance proportions to first-line empiric antibiotics for infection syndromes and countries of interest.Conclusions:We found that whilst the creation of a composite resistance index for empiric antibiotic therapy was technically feasible, the ATLAS dataset in its current form can only inform on a limited number of infection syndromes. Other open-access AMR surveillance datasets are largely limited to bloodstream infection specimens and cannot directly inform treatment of other syndromes. With improving availability of international AMR data and better understanding of infection aetiology, this approach may prove useful for informing empiric prescribing decisions in settings with limited local AMR surveillance data
Low lung function in the developing world is analogous to stunting: a review of the evidence
Authors: Mishra Navya , Salvi Sundeep , Lyngdoh Tanica , Agrawal Anurag 
Published: June 2020

Background: Low vital capacity, one of the consequences of restricted lung growth, is a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Vital capacity is lower in the developing world than the developed world, even after adjusting for height, weight and gender. This difference is typically dismissed as ethnic variation, adjusted for by redefining normal. Whether this is a consequence of stunted lung growth, rather than genetically smaller lungs, has not been investigated in detail. Therefore, we sought to compare factors implicated in both stunting and lung development, particularly in the developing world. Methods: We conducted a manual screen of articles identified through Google Scholar and assessed risk of bias. No language restrictions were applied, so long as there was an associated English abstract. We queried VizHub (Global Burden of Disease Visualization Tool) and Google Dataset search engines for disease burden and genome wide association studies. The scope of the article and the heterogeneity of the outcome measures reported required a narrative review of available evidence. To the extent possible, the review follows PRISMA reporting guidelines. Results: Early life influences operate in synergism with environmental and nutritional factors to influence lung growth and development in children. Low lung function and stunting have common anthropometric, environmental and nutritional correlates originating during early development. Similar anthropometric correlates and shared chronic inflammatory pathways indicated that the two conditions were analogous. Conclusion: The analogy between poor lung function and stunting is conspicuous in the developing world, where malnutrition lies at the center of non -achievement of growth potential, susceptibility to infectious diseases and intrauterine programming for metabolic syndrome. The common pathological mechanisms governing stunting and lung function deficits counter the idea of redefining the normal for lung function measurements.
Financial Reporting for Pollution Reduction Programs
Authors: Ertimur Yonca , Francis Jennifer , Gonzales Amanda , Schipper Katherine 
Published: June 2020

We develop a conceptually grounded approach, based on the International Accounting Standards Board’s conceptual framework, to the accounting for the rights and obligations embodied in a cap-and-trade program. Under this approach, firms recognize allowances as intangible assets, initially measured at fair value with a credit to cash for purchased allowances and to a current period gain for allocated allowances; firms recognize current period expense and accrue liabilities, at fair value, as they emit; both asset and liability are remeasured at fair value at every reporting date. We apply our treatment and three alternative treatments, based on current practice and proposals considered by standard setters, to transaction-level data from the U.S. sulfur dioxide cap-and-trade program to calculate as-if financial statement outcomes using actual data. The alternative treatments result in noncomparable accounting for otherwise similar arrangements. To provide ex ante evidence on the effects of noncomparable accounting, we analyze reporting outcomes and show that alternative accounting treatments of the same arrangement result in meaningful differences in reported assets and liabilities, income volatility, and commonly used performance and leverage metrics. Because the financial reporting effects of noncomparable accounting are exacerbated by business combinations and plant-level purchases of allocated allowances that may have been initially recorded at zero, our analysis explicitly accounts for the effects of these transactions. Finally, we find that among the four accounting treatments we consider, reporting outcomes under our proposed approach are most aligned with investor perceptions, as indicated by the associations between the market value of equity and assets, liabilities, and income.This paper was accepted by Shiva Rajgopal, accounting.
Preregistration adult nursing students' experiences of online learning: a qualitative study
Authors: Bramer Clare 
Published: June 2020

Background:Online learning (OL) is widely used in UK preregistration nursing programmes and the latest Nursing and Midwifery Council professional education standards state digital technology must be embedded in the curriculum. An exploration of preregistration adult nursing students' experiences of OL considers how technology supports learning theory and practice, and assists in designing and delivering effective OL in future programmes.Aim:This study aimed to explore preregistration adult nursing students' OL experiences.Method:Two focus groups with students were held and thematic analysis carried out.Findings:Three main themes emerged regarding OL: advantages, disadvantages and preferences. The main advantages included time, accessibility and convenience, being able to revisit learning and the variety of approaches. Disadvantages included inadequate communication, support and interaction. Students preferred an adequate balance of OL with traditional teaching, more communication, synchronous OL, preparation and support.Conclusion:OL is valuable to adult nursing students, providing convenience and flexibility. While it has advantages, the disadvantages and preferences require addressing to ensure future programmes are effective and meet nursing students' requirements.
Caring for older people with dementia in the emergency department
Authors: Watkins Sarah , Murphy Fiona , Kennedy Catriona , Graham Margaret , Dewar Belinda 
Published: June 2020

Background: Admission to an emergency department (ED) may expose the older person with dementia to a range of negative consequences, including a deterioration in their behavioural symptoms. The authors conducted a review of primary research relating to the experiences of older people with dementia, their carers and ED nurses, to understand how these experiences might inform nursing practice. Methods: Integrative review with a search of the electronic databases of Medline, CINAHL and PSYCHINFO using specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Three themes were identified: carers and older people with dementia—waiting and worrying; nurses juggling priorities; and strategies for improvement—taking a partnership approach. Conclusion: Older people with dementia may be exposed to disparities in treatment in the ED. A practice partnership between carers and ED nurses may help to prevent this. ED nurses need support to blend technical- and relationship-centred care. Participatory research exploring the experiences of older people with dementia, their carers and ED nurses is needed.
Nonlinear underwater propagation of picosecond ultraviolet laser beams
Authors: Chen Yu-Hsin , Peterson J. Ryan , Johnson Luke A. , Jones Theodore G. , Hafizi Bahman , Stamm Alexander B. , Ting Antonio C. , Palastro John P. , Helle Michael H. , Kaganovich Dmitri 
Published: June 2020

Meter-scale nonlinear propagation of a picosecond ultraviolet laser beam in water, sufficiently intense to cause stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), nonlinear focusing, pump-Stokes nonlinear coupling, and photoexcitation, was characterized in experiments and simulations. Pump and SRS Stokes pulse energies were measured, and pump beam profiles were imaged at propagation distances up to 100 cm for a range of laser power below and above self-focusing critical power. Simulations with conduction band excitation energy

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La Enseñanza para la Comprensión (EpC): ruta para dinamizar los procesos de comprensión lectora en la Escuela Normal Superior de Ubaté
Authors: Suárez Paiba Sonia Yamile , Hernández Fajardo Adriana Mirelva , Méndez Bernal Santiago , Arguello Cortés Yanet Rocío , Garzón Quiroga Nubia Rocío 
Published: June 2020

El artículo expresa las reflexiones frente a la enseñanza de la lectura y el desarrollo de las habilidades básicas para comprender textos, y consolidar un pensamiento crítico ante la realidad en la Normal Superior de Ubaté
Inicialmente se exponen elementos que describen la problemática detectada institucionalmente, convirtiéndose en el objeto de investigación. Posteriormente, se presentan las categorías seleccionadas para este estudio: enseñanza, pensamiento y aprendizaje.
Se continua con el proceso metodológico, orientado desde el paradigma cualitativo con un enfoque hermenéutico, haciendo uso de la Investigación Acción para comprender aspectos de la enseñanza de la lectura desde las prácticas de los maestros investigadores.
Finalmente, en los ciclos de reflexión se narran las vivencias de cada uno de los maestros al interior del aula y se exponen los hallazgos a partir de los diferentes instrumentos aplicados a lo largo del desarrollo de la propuesta.
Nivel de competencias TIC de docentes de preescolar
Authors: Bustamante Meza Lucía , De Lima Rodríguez Katherine 
Published: June 2020

Este artículo surge de la investigación: “Uso de las Tablets como Mediadores Pedagógicos para el Desarrollo de las Dimensiones Cognitiva y Comunicativa en estudiantes de Preescolar” que describe la influencia que tiene el uso de la Tablet en el desarrollo de las dimensiones cognitiva y comunicativa en estudiantes de preescolar de una Institución rural del Magdalena, entre sus objetivos se planteó identificar el nivel de habilidades tecnológicas de los docentes de preescolar para el uso académico y pedagógico de las tabletas. Se tomó como referente las competencias TIC para el desarrollo profesional docente. La investigación es cualitativa, de nivel exploratorio, utiliza el método: investigación acción participativa. El análisis de resultados revela que las docentes se encuentran en nivel exploratorio en las competencias: Tecnológica, Pedagógica, Comunicativa, Investigativa y de Gestión, por lo que se concluye que es necesario continuar procesos de cualificación que permitan la incorporación de las TIC desde preescolar.
¿Las sujeto-niñas?: consideraciones sobre educación especial y educación inclusiva desde el enfoque de género
Authors: Castiblanco Marisol , Marroquín Rafael , Quiroga Angie Jineth 
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo se enmarca en un proceso de reflexión llevado a cabo en el semillero de investigación Leidy Tabares de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas; espacio cuyo objeto–sujeto de reflexión ha sido la subjetividad femenina, entre ellas la invisibilización y naturalización de ciertas prácticas hacia la mujer y la niña, como ejemplo las concernientes a las situaciones de discapacidad, elemento que se retoma en esta reflexión. En el texto se despliega en la primera parte, algunos acontecimientos históricos frente a la educación especial y la educación inclusiva, luego se discuten y problematizan las posibles relaciones entre ellos, para finalizar con un conjunto de reflexiones al respecto, con miras a incidir efectivamente en la reconfiguración de las prácticas pedagógicas que encaran la educación de niños y más específicamente niñas en situación de discapacidad y/o con Necesidades Educativas Especiales -NEEs-.
Demanding disability – an analysis of opportunities and threats related to the functioning of people with mild intellectual disabilities. Part 2.
Authors: Katarzyna Parys Katarzyna Parys , Olszewski Sławomir 
Published: June 2020

Katarzyna Parys, Sławomir Olszewski, Demanding disability – an analysis of opportunities and threats related to the functioning of people with mild intellectual disabilities. Part 2. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 27, Poznań 2019. Pp. 389–401. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. e-ISSN 2658-283X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.27.18The thesis considered in the article is the statement that mild intellectual disability is a demanding disability. Three dimensions were distinguished in the description of the situation of persons with a mild intellectual disability:1. Attributes of the phenomenon of mild intellectual disability2. Attributes of the population of people with mild intellectual disabilities3. Attributes of selected elements of the mesosystem of people with mild intellectual disabilities
The key phenomena for these dimensions were analysed. The ambiguity of these phenomena has become the basis for considering the opportunities and threats that they may pose. Due to the extensiveness of the issues raised, the issues discussed are presented in two parts. The present text considers the third of these dimensions and the final reflections formulated on the basis of the conducted analysis.