bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of statistical methods for recurrent event analysis using pediatrics asthma data
Authors: Yadav C. P. , Lodha Rakesh , Kabra S. K. , Sreenivas V. , Sinha Abhinav , Khan M. A. , Pandey R. M. 
Published: June 2020

SummaryWhen the same type of event is experienced by a subject more than once it is called recurrent event, which possess two important characteristics, namely “within‐subject correlation” and “time‐varying covariate.” As a result, the traditional statistical methods do not work well on recurrent event data. Over the past few decades, many alternatives methods have been proposed for the analysis of recurrent event data. In this article, the six most prominent methods for recurrent event analysis have been compared on pediatric asthma data. Three variance corrected models (viz “Anderson and Gill [AG] model,” “Prentice, William, and Peterson‐Counting Process [PWP‐CP] model,” and “Prentice, William, and Peterson‐Gap Time [PWP‐GT] model”) and three corresponding frailty variants (AG‐frailty, PWP‐CP‐frailty, and PWP‐GT‐frailty) were compared using three mathematical criterion (AIC, BIC, and log‐likelihood) and one graphical criteria (Cox‐Snell goodness of fit, visual test). All model comparison indices showed the PWP‐GT model as the most appropriate model on asthma data over other models. By using PWP‐GT model, seven predictors of asthma exacerbation (viz “abdominal pain at previous visit,” “Z5 (%) at previous visit,” “diagnosis of asthma at previous visit,” “calendar month of exacerbation,” “history of maternal asthma,” “monthly per capita income,” and “emotional stress”) were identified. The PWP‐GT model was identified as the most appropriate model over other models on pediatrics asthma data.
Hypothesis: Potassium sparing by angiotensin and aldosterone inhibitors preserves skeletal muscle mass in chronic heart failure
Authors: Zwakman‐Hessels Lara , Zeillemaker‐Hoekstra Miriam , Nijsten Maarten W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundCachexia complicates many chronic diseases. In chronic or congestive heart failure (CHF), cachexia independently contributes to decreased survival. Although diuretics have long been part of standard treatment of CHF, the addition of angiotensin and aldosterone antagonists to the standard treatment regimen has considerably improved the outcome of CHF. Both loop diuretics and the up‐regulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system caused by CHF induce loss of total body potassium (TBK).HypothesisIn addition to the causal association of loss of muscle mass with loss of TBK, we propose that the reverse mechanism also exists. The known beneficial effects of angiotensin and aldosterone inhibition may partly result from preserved TBK with consequent muscle mass preservation.ConclusionWe propose that monitoring of muscle mass, potassium balances, and TBK should be included in future CHF studies to verify this hypothesis and allow further optimization of therapy.
Robust adaptive fault‐tolerant tracking control for a class of high‐order nonlinear system with finite‐time prescribed performance
Authors: Bai Wen , Wang Huanqing 
Published: June 2020

SummaryIn this article, an improved prescribed performance adaptive control strategy is developed to handle the output tracking control problem for a class of nonlinear high‐order systems with actuator faults. The actuator faults considered include the bias fault and gain fault models. A technique of adding a power integrator is utilized to deal with the controller design problem of high‐order system. With the help of backstepping technology and the classic adaptive control, an output tracking control scheme is proposed, which can guarantee that all signals of the closed‐loop system are bounded and the tracking error converges to a finite‐time predetermined region. Finally, the feasibility of the presented control method is tested through the simulation results.
River embankments mitigate the loss of grassland biodiversity in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Bátori Zoltán , Kiss Péter J. , Tölgyesi Csaba , Deák Balázs , Valkó Orsolya , Török Péter , Erdős László , Tóthmérész Béla , Kelemen András 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAgricultural intensification has resulted in severe declines in the extent and diversity of seminatural habitats in Europe, whereas the extent of secondary habitats has increased considerably. River embankments have become one of the most extensive and widespread secondary habitats in former floodplains. We compared the diversity patterns of secondary dry and wet grasslands on river embankments with those of seminatural dry and wet grasslands in a Hungarian agricultural landscape using the following community descriptors: (a) species diversity, (b) phylogenetic diversity and (c) functional diversity. We also performed trait‐based analyses to evaluate the ecosystem services provided by these secondary grasslands. Both grassland types of the embankments showed significantly higher Shannon diversity compared with their seminatural counterparts. The cover of generalist species (i.e., cosmopolitan species, weeds and nonindigenous plant species) was high in the secondary grasslands. We found significant differences in phylogenetic diversity between the secondary and seminatural grasslands: secondary grasslands showed significantly lower mean nearest taxon distances than the seminatural grasslands. Functional diversity did not differ between the secondary and seminatural grasslands according to the Rao's quadratic entropy. However, we found higher community‐weighted means of specific leaf area, plant height and flowering period in the secondary grasslands, which are related to important ecosystem services (via biomass production and pollination). Well‐planned management actions and restoration activities could help further improve the ecological function and conservation value of secondary grasslands on river embankments, contributing to the maintenance of species diversity and sustaining the functionality of ecosystems in agricultural landscapes.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel (E)‐Hydroxystyryl Aralkyl Sulfones as Neuroprotective Agents
Authors: Chen Ying , Hao Yameng , Liu Qian , Wu Bolin , Liu Yunqi , Zhang Zhili , Tian Chao , Ning Xianling , Guo Ying , Wang Xiaowei , Liu Junyi 
Published: June 2020

AbstractA novel class of (E)‐hydroxystyryl aralkyl sulfones were designed and synthesized as neuroprotective agents. Their neuroprotective properties were assessed by several antioxidant models including 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals scavenging model, neuronal protective effects against neurotoxins such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) and 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+). Besides, the anti‐inflammatory activity was evaluated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced nitric oxide (NO) release model in BV2 microglial cells. The result demonstrated that cinnamyl substituted compound 5 h exhibited prominent antioxidant activity in H2O2 and 6‐OHDA models and higher anti‐inflammatory potency (IC50=7.3 μM) than lead compound 1 (IC50=13.4 μM). Furthermore, compound 5 h displayed predicted CNS (+) blood‐brain barrier permeability (Pe=5.66×10−6 cm s−1) in PAMPA model and low toxicity in PC12 and BV2 cells. These multifunctional properties highlight compound 5 h is a promising candidate for further development against neurodegenerative diseases.
Selling your soul to the devil? The importance of independent ownership to identity distinctiveness for oppositional categories
Authors: Mathias Blake D. , Huyghe Annelore , Williams David W. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryOppositional categories emerge in direct ideological opposition to incumbent mass producers. In doing so, these oppositional categories, especially craft‐based ones, emphasize their size (small), ownership (independence), and production methods (traditional) as important identity codes—critical for maintaining their distinctiveness from the incumbent category. However, we lack theoretical insights into how oppositional category members respond as (former) members defect by joining the incumbent category they challenge and ideologically oppose. Therefore, taking an identity lens, our study explores the following research question: As members sell to incumbents, how do the remaining members of the oppositional category attempt to maintain the distinctiveness of the collective identity? Our findings reveal incumbents' acquisitions of oppositional members open the opportunity to elevate the importance of ownership (independence) as a distinctive identity code.Managerial SummaryCraft categories often emerge by opposing large, dominant corporations. This David versus Goliath mentality helps establish distinct differences between the two groups of firms. However, as owners of the craft organizations grow and sell (to the opposition), this can erode the core attributes that originally made the craft category distinct. We find that as craft brewers sold their breweries to mass producers it did just that—led to considerable confusion in what constitutes a “craft brewery.” However, the craft brewing collective rallied together to identify “independence” as the core feature of craft brewers—one that cannot be bought or copied by the opposition—in hopes they can maintain their distinctiveness from mass producers.
Why do some insider CEOs make more strategic changes than others? The impact of prior board experience on new CEO insiderness
Authors: Zhu Qi , Hu Songcui , Shen Wei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study draws attention to the impact of prior board experiences on the variation in new insider CEOs' degree of “insiderness” in terms of commitment to the status quo and their propensity to make strategic change. We theorize and find that new insider CEOs' prior board experience at the focal firm has a negative effect on strategic change, whereas their prior board experience at other firms has a positive effect. Moreover, the positive effect of prior board experience at other firms is stronger (weaker) for new insider CEOs who have less (more) prior board experience at the focal firm. Our study contributes to upper echelons theory and research on new CEOs, and has important implications for organizational practices regarding CEO succession and strategic change.Managerial SummaryAlthough new insider CEOs tend to make less strategic changes than new outsider CEOs, some of them do make more than others. Our study focuses on new insider CEOs' prior board experiences to explain the difference in their tendency to make strategic change. We find that new insider CEOs who have greater prior experience on the focal firm's board make less strategic changes, whereas those who have greater prior experience on the boards of other firms make more strategic changes. Moreover, our analysis shows that new insider CEOs who have both a high level of prior board experience at other firms and a low level of prior board experience at the focal firm make the most strategic changes.
CEO cognitive flexibility, information search, and organizational ambidexterity
Authors: Kiss Andreea N. , Libaers Dirk , Barr Pamela S. , Wang Tang , Zachary Miles A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearch summaryAlthough prior research highlights the organizational and cognitive challenges associated with achieving organizational ambidexterity, there has been comparatively less empirical attention focused on the cognitive characteristics that may differentiate top managers of firms that achieve ambidexterity. We build on emerging research and identify cognitive flexibility as a cognitive characteristic with particular relevance to the challenges associated with ambidexterity and suggest that it works through chief executive officers (CEOs)' information search activities. We find that cognitively flexible CEOs are more likely to engage in effortful and persistent information search and rely to a greater extent on outside sources of information. In turn, effortful and persistent information search activities are associated with higher levels of organizational ambidexterity. Our study pushes forward the research agenda on cognitive micro‐foundations of firm capabilities.Managerial summaryAmbidextrous organizations, or organizations that have the capability to pursue both incremental and discontinuous innovation, enjoy more sustainable competitive advantages. However, the achievement of organizational ambidexterity poses unique demands for top managers, including cognitive challenges. To help managers better understand these challenges, this study focuses attention on the role of the CEO in the achievement of organizational ambidexterity, and on CEO cognitive flexibility as a potential influencing factor. Our results suggest that CEO cognitive flexibility may influence organizational ambidexterity indirectly through its effect on CEO information search activities, in particular where and how intensely CEOs search for information. Our study reinforces the importance of human factors in the executive office for the development of firm dynamic capabilities, and the implementation of an innovation‐based strategy.
Ion Concentration Effect on Nanoscale Electrospray Modes
Authors: Zheng Fei , Zhang Shuai , Mo Jingwen , Yi Haojie , Zhang Shizhao , Yu Hongyang , Lin Kabin , Sha Jingjie , Chen Yunfei 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe phenomena and mechanism of electrospray modes in nanoscale are investigated from experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that the ionic concentration plays a crucial role in determining the dripping or the jetting modes in a nanoscale electrospray system. Molecular dynamics simulations uncover that the two modes are caused by the competition between the electric field stress and surface tension, which is similar to the mechanism in a macroscale electrospray system. However, in a nanoscale electrospray system, the two competing forces of the electric field stress and surface tension are more sensitive to the ion distributions than that in a macroscale electrospray system, in which the applied voltage and pressure dominate. With the decrease of the nozzle diameter to nanoscale, the ions not only affect the local electric field stress, but also destroy the hydrogen bonds among water molecules, which lead to that the ion concentration becomes a dominant factor in determining the electrospray modes in nanoscale. The discovery provides a novel method to control nanoscale electrospray modes, which may find potential applications for mass spectrometry, film deposition, and electrohydrodynamic printing.
Typical ultrasound features of various endometrial pathologies described using International Endometrial Tumor Analysis (IETA) terminology in women with abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: Van Den Bosch T. , Verbakel J. Y. , Valentin L. , Wynants L. , De Cock B. , Pascual M. A. , Leone F. P. G. , Sladkevicius P. , Alcazar J. L. , Votino A. , Fruscio R. , Lanzani C. , Van Holsbeke C. , Rossi A. , Jokubkiene L. , Kudla M. , Jakab A. , Domali E. , Epstein E. , Van Pachterbeke C. , Bourne T. , Van Calster B. , Timmerman D. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo describe the ultrasound features of different endometrial and other intracavitary pathologies inpre‐ and postmenopausal women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding, using the International Endometrial Tumor Analysis (IETA) terminology.MethodsThis was a prospective observational multicenter study of consecutive women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding. Unenhanced sonography with color Doppler and fluid‐instillation sonography were performed. Endometrial sampling was performed according to each center's local protocol. The histological endpoints were cancer, atypical endometrial hyperplasia/endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN), endometrial atrophy, proliferative or secretory endometrium, endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, endometrial polyp, intracavitary leiomyoma and other. For fluid‐instillation sonography, the histological endpoints were endometrial polyp, intracavitary leiomyoma and cancer. For each histological endpoint, we report typical ultrasound features using the IETA terminology.ResultsThe database consisted of 2856 consecutive women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding. Unenhanced sonography with color Doppler was performed in all cases and fluid‐instillation sonography in 1857. In 2216 women, endometrial histology was available, and these comprised the study population. Median age was 49 years (range, 19–92 years), median parity was 2 (range, 0–10) and median body mass index was 24.9 kg/m2(range, 16.0–72.1 kg/m2). Of the study population, 843 (38.0%) women were postmenopausal. Endometrial polyps were diagnosed in 751 (33.9%) women, intracavitary leiomyomas in 223 (10.1%) and endometrial cancer in 137 (6.2%). None (0% (95% CI, 0.0–5.5%)) of the 66 women with endometrial thickness < 3 mm had endometrial cancer or atypical hyperplasia/EIN. Endometrial cancer or atypical hyperplasia/EIN was found in three of 283 (1.1% (95% CI, 0.4–3.1%)) endometria with a three‐layer pattern, in three of 459 (0.7% (95% CI, 0.2–1.9%)) endometria with a linear endometrial midline and in five of 337 (1.5% (95% CI, 0.6–3.4%)) cases with a single vessel without branching on unenhanced ultrasound.ConclusionsThe typical ultrasound features of endometrial cancer, polyps, hyperplasia and atrophy and intracavitary leiomyomas, are described using the IETA terminology. The detection of some easy‐to‐assess IETA features (i.e. endometrial thickness < 3 mm, three‐layer pattern, linear midline and single vessel without branching) makes endometrial cancer unlikely. Copyright © 2020 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
New Algorithm for Gravity Vector Estimation from Airborne Data Using Spherical Scaling Functions
Authors: Vyazmin Vadim S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe paper presents an approach to determination of the gravity disturbance vector from airborne gravimetry measurements at an aircraft’s flight path. A navigation-grade inertial navigation system (INS) and the carrier-phase differential mode of GNSS are assumed. To improve observability of the gravity horizontal components, which are observed in combination with the INS systematic errors, we use a spatial model of gravity. We parameterize the disturbing potential in the observation area using the spherical scaling functions. The unknown coefficients of the parameterization and the INS systematic errors are estimated simultaneously using the Kalman filter. Due to ill-conditioning of the estimation problem, the information form of the Kalman filter and regularization are used. The numerical results obtained from simulated data processing shows that the approach based on spatial modeling is capable to improve accuracy of the gravity horizontal component determination comparing to a typical modeling of gravity in the time domain.
Sedimentary Archives Reveal the Concealed History of Micropollutant Contamination in the Seine River Basin
Authors: Ayrault Sophie , Meybeck Michel , Mouchel Jean-Marie , Gaspéri Johnny , Lestel Laurence , Lorgeoux Catherine , Boust Dominique 
Published: June 2020

AbstractSedimentary archives provide long-term records of particulate-bound pollutants (e.g. trace metal elements, PAHs). We present the results obtained on a set of selected cores from alluvial deposits within the Seine River basin, integrating the entire area’s land uses upstream of the core location, collected upstream and downstream of Paris megacity and in the estuary. Some of these cores go back to the 1910s. These records are complemented by in-depth studies of the related pollution emissions, their regulation and other environmental regulations, thereby establishing contaminant trajectories. They are representative of a wide range of contamination intensities resulting from industrial, urban and agricultural activities and their temporal evolution over a 75,000 km2 territory. A wide set of contaminants, including metals, radionuclides, pharmaceuticals and up to 50 persistent organic pollutants, have been analysed based on the Seine River sediment archives. Altogether, more than 70 particulate contaminants, most of them regulated or banned (OSPAR convention, European Water Framework Directive (WFD 2000/60/EC)), were measured in dated cores collected at 7 sites, resulting in a large data set.After drawing a picture of the literature devoted to sedimentary archives, the findings resulting from several decades of research devoted to the Seine River basin will be used, together with other studies on other French and foreign rivers, to illustrate the outstanding potential of sedimentary archives. The limitations of using sedimentary archives for inter-site comparison and the approaches developed in the PIREN-Seine to overcome such limitations such as selecting pertinent indicators (specific fluxes, per capita release, leakage rate, etc.) will be described. The very complex interactions between humans and their environment will be addressed through questions such as the impact on the spatial and temporal trajectories of contaminants of factors such as wastewater management, deindustrialisation within the Seine River basin, implementation of national and EU environmental regulations, etc. This chapter will show how such studies can reveal the persistence of the contamination and the emergence of new pollutants, e.g. antibiotics. It will propose indicators for the evaluation of the environment resilience and the efficiency of environmental policies.
The Evolution of the Seine Basin Water Bodies Through Historical Maps
Authors: Lestel Laurence , Eschbach David , Meybeck Michel , Gob Frédéric 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThe Seine River basin (65,000 km2) is extremely rich in cartographic documents generated over the past two centuries: general maps describing the territory, fiscal land registries, navigation charts (e.g. bathymetric profiles and maps), etc. After 1830 river engineers (Ponts et Chaussées) started to develop a huge network of waterways, which were charted with precision and accuracy. These documents, retrieved from various archives, have been checked, selected, geo-referenced and digitalised within an open-access database (ArchiSeine). It has allowed researchers to fully quantify the state of rivers, often in their lateral, longitudinal and vertical dimensions, their long-term and slow natural dynamics (e.g. meander movement) and their abrupt modifications by man-made river works due to various and evolving river use (water supply, wood rafting, navigation, hydropower, sand extraction, flood protection), all closely connected to Paris growing demands, and the adjustments of the fluvial system to these changes. From headwaters to the estuary, the physical attributes of the Seine River system have been substantially modified. Examples of such environmental trajectories are provided for the Versailles plateau headwaters, the Bassée alluvial plain and the Lower Seine sector.