bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vocal and non-vocal behavior interact differently in territorial strategies of two sympatric Rallidae species
Authors: Jedlikowski Jan , Polak Marcin , Brambilla Mattia , Ręk Paweł 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTerritorial interactions between animals involve correlated signaling and direct actions, yet different species vary in how they utilize each component. In theory, opponents should balance costs and benefits of territorial interactions, and restrict their conflicts to signaling when physical interactions are likely to escalate to serious injuries. We tested these predictions by simulating territorial intrusions in two sympatric non-passerine bird species: the Water Rail (Rallus aquaticus) and Little Crake (Zapornia parva). These species differ physically and behaviorally, with the former being larger and more aggressive, and known to cause serious or fatal injury to other birds. We measured vocal signals and approach behavior of each species towards conspecific and heterospecific playbacks (Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis). Both species increased their calling rate in response to their conspecific treatments; however, Water Rails produced louder call variants, decreased the fundamental frequency of their calls, and produced more duets. In contrast, Little Crakes did not modify the acoustic structure of their calls and rarely participated in duetting. In addition to differences in vocal behavior, Water Rails approached the speaker exceptionally, whereas Little Crakes did it regularly. We conclude that while settling territorial conflicts, Water Rails utilized a purely signaling strategy involving reliable vocal signals and thus the avoidance of direct actions, whereas Little Crakes relied primarily on direct actions.
Breeding habitats and long-term population numbers of two sympatric raptors—Red Kite Milvus milvus and Black Kite M. migrans— in the mosaic-like landscape of western Poland
Authors: Maciorowski Grzegorz , Zduniak Piotr , Bocheński Marcin , Urbańska Maria , Król Paulina , Polakowski Michał 
Published: August 2020

AbstractWe studied the long-term changes in numbers and habitat structures of two sympatric species—Red KiteMilvus milvus(RK) and Black KiteMilvus migrans(BK)—in two study plots (a mosaic of various habitats and intensive farmland) in western Poland. This research, carried out in two periods (1996–2001 and 2012–2017), did not reveal any significant changes in numbers, or the parameters of breeding success or habitat structure in the territories of either species. The numbers of RK territories in plot A (mosaic of habitats) in the 2 periods were 35 (density: 3.65 pairs/100 km2) and 38 (3.97 p/100 km2), whereas the respective figures for BK were 39 (4.07 p/100 km2) and 41 (4.28 p/100 km2). Breeding success was 77.4/67.5% (RK) and 63.9/74.6% (BK). On study plot B (intensive farmland), the number of RK territories in both periods were ten (1.35 p/100 km2) and eight (1.08 p/100 km2), while the figures for BK were three (0.41 p/100 km2) and five (0.68 p/100 km2), respectively. The breeding success of RK in the two periods was 87.5%/78.6%, respectively; in the case of BK this Figures (100%) is known only for the second period. The absence of any changes in population numbers for both species and the high levels of breeding success were probably due to the nest sites and mature woods being subject to conservation measures implemented by the Polish State Forests Administration, as well as lack of major changes to the habitat structures.
Melissus as an Analytic Metaphysicist
Authors: Fano Vincenzo , Graziani Pierluigi , Marcacci Flavia , Tagliaferri Mirko 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to reconstruct the logical structure of Melissus philosophy, building on Laks Most’s translation and Barnes’ seminal work on the Samian. This will allow us to shed some light on the subtle argumentations of Melissus. On top of that, we frame Melissus’ metaphysics employing modern logical instruments. On one side, this reformulation makes clear a few assumptions hidden in the deductions made by the Samian; on the other side, our paper shows that contemporary analytic metaphysics has forerunners dating back 2500 years.
Forecasting Spatio-Temporal Variation in Residential Burglary with the Integrated Laplace Approximation Framework: Effects of Crime Generators, Street Networks, and Prior Crimes
Authors: Mahfoud Maria , Bernasco Wim , Bhulai Sandjai , van der Mei Rob 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesWe investigate the spatio-temporal variation of monthly residential burglary frequencies across neighborhoods as a function of crime generators, street network features and temporally and spatially lagged burglary frequencies. In addition, we evaluate the performance of the model as a forecasting tool.MethodsWe analyze 48 months of police-recorded residential burglaries across 20 neighborhoods in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, in combination with data on the locations of urban facilities (crime generators), frequencies of other crime types, and street network data. We apply the Integrated Laplace Approximation method, a Bayesian forecasting framework that is less computationally demanding than prior frameworks.ResultsThe local number of retail stores, the number of street robberies perpetrated and theclosenessof the local street network are positively related to residential burglary. Inclusion of a general spatio-temporal interaction component significantly improves forecasting performance, but inclusion of spatialproximityor temporalrecencycomponents does not.DiscussionOur findings on crime generators and street network characteristics support evidence in the literature on environmental correlates of burglary. The significance of spatio-temporal interaction indicates that residential burglary is spatio-temporally concentrated. Our finding thatrecencyandproximityof prior burglaries do not contribute to the performance of the forecast, probably indicates that relevant spatio-temporal interaction is limited to fine-grained spatial and temporal units of analysis, such as days and street blocks.
Graded epistemic justification
Authors: Hawthorne John , Logins Artūrs 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe adjective ‘is justified’ has all the hallmarks of a gradable adjective. But the relationship between gradable uses and straightforward predications of the form ‘x is justified’ has been underexplored by epistemologists. In this paper we undertake to do some ground clearing as a prelude to better understanding this relationship.
Stochastic frontiers or regression quantiles for estimating the self-thinning surface in higher dimensions?
Authors: Tian Dechao , Bi Huiquan , Jin Xingji , Li Fengri 
Published: August 2020

AbstractStochastic frontier analysis and quantile regression are the two econometric approaches that have been commonly adopted in the determination of the self-thinning boundary line or surface in two and higher dimensions since their introduction to the field some 20 years ago. However, the rational for using one method over the other has, in most cases, not been clearly explained perhaps due to a lack of adequate appreciation of differences between the two approaches for delineating the self-thinning surface. Without an adequate understanding of such differences, the most informative analysis may become a missed opportunity, leading to an inefficient use of data, weak statistical inferences and a failure to gain greater insight into the dynamics of plant populations and forest stands that would otherwise be obtained. Using data from 170 plot measurements in even-agedLarix olgensis(A. Henry) plantations across a wide range of site qualities and with different abundances of woody weeds, i.e. naturally regenerated non-crop species, in northeast China, this study compared the two methods in determining the self-thinning surface across eight sample sizes from 30 to 170 with an even interval of 20 observations and also over a range of quantiles through repeated random sampling and estimation. Across all sample sizes and over the quantile range of 0.90 ≤ τ ≤ 0.99, the normal-half normal stochastic frontier estimation proved to be superior to quantile regression in statistical efficiency. Its parameter estimates had lower degrees of variability and correspondingly narrower confidence intervals. This greater efficiency would naturally be conducive to making statistical inferences. The estimated self-thinning surface using all 170 observations enveloped about 96.5% of the data points, a degree of envelopment equivalent to a regression quantile estimation with aτof 0.965. The stochastic frontier estimation was also more objective because it did not involve the subjective selection of a particular value ofτfor the favoured self-thinning surface from several mutually intersecting surfaces as in quantile regression. However, quantile regression could still provide a valuable complement to stochastic frontier analysis in the estimation of the self-thinning surface as it allows the examination of the impact of variables other than stand density on different quantiles of stand biomass.
Project-based learning of advanced CAD/CAE tools in engineering education
Authors: Berselli Giovanni , Bilancia Pietro , Luzi Luca 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe use of integrated Computer Aided Design/Engineering (CAD/CAE) software capable of analyzing mechanical devices in a single parametric environment is becoming an industrial standard. Potential advantages over traditional enduring multi-software design routines can be outlined into time/cost reduction and easier modeling procedures. To meet industrial requirements, the engineering education is constantly revising the courses programs to include the training of modern advanced virtual prototyping technologies. Within this scenario, the present work describes the CAD/CAE project-based learning (PjBL) activity developed at the University of Genova as a part of course named Design of Automatic Machines, taught at the second level degree in mechanical engineering. The PjBL activity provides a detailed overview of an integrated design environment (i.e. PTC Creo). The students, divided into small work groups, interactively gain experience with the tool via the solution of an industrial design problem, provided by an engineer from industry. The considered case study consists of an automatic pushing device implemented in a commercial machine. Starting from a sub-optimal solution, the students, supervised by the lecturers, solve a series of sequential design steps involving both motion and structural analysis. The paper describes each design phase and summarizes the numerical outputs. At last, the results of the PjBL activity are presented and commented by considering the opinions of all the parties involved.
1H, 13C, and 15N backbone chemical shift assignments of the apo and the ADP-ribose bound forms of the macrodomain of SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 3b
Authors: Cantini F. , Banci L. , Altincekic N. , Bains J. K. , Dhamotharan K. , Fuks C. , Fürtig B. , Gande S. L. , Hargittay B. , Hengesbach M. , Hutchison M. T. , Korn S. M. , Kubatova N. , Kutz F. , Linhard V. , Löhr F. , Meiser N. , Pyper D. J. , Qureshi N. S. , Richter C. , Saxena K. , Schlundt A. , Schwalbe H. , Sreeramulu S. , Tants J.-N. , Wacker A. , Weigand J. E. , Wöhnert J. , Tsika A. C. , Fourkiotis N. K. , Spyroulias G. A. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes for approximately 30 proteins. Within the international project COVID19-NMR, we distribute the spectroscopic analysis of the viral proteins and RNA. Here, we report NMR chemical shift assignments for the protein Nsp3b, a domain of Nsp3. The 217-kDa large Nsp3 protein contains multiple structurally independent, yet functionally related domains including the viral papain-like protease and Nsp3b, a macrodomain (MD). In general, the MDs of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV were suggested to play a key role in viral replication by modulating the immune response of the host. The MDs are structurally conserved. They most likely remove ADP-ribose, a common posttranslational modification, from protein side chains. This de-ADP ribosylating function has potentially evolved to protect the virus from the anti-viral ADP-ribosylation catalyzed by poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs), which in turn are triggered by pathogen-associated sensing of the host immune system. This renders the SARS-CoV-2 Nsp3b a highly relevant drug target in the viral replication process. We here report the near-complete NMR backbone resonance assignment (1H, 13C, 15N) of the putative Nsp3b MD in its apo form and in complex with ADP-ribose. Furthermore, we derive the secondary structure of Nsp3b in solution. In addition, 15N-relaxation data suggest an ordered, rigid core of the MD structure. These data will provide a basis for NMR investigations targeted at obtaining small-molecule inhibitors interfering with the catalytic activity of Nsp3b.
A&nbsp;national strategy to engage medical students in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery medical education: the LearnENT ambassador program
Authors: Levin Marc , Grose Elysia , Best Corliss , Kohlert Scott 
Published: August 2020

Background In the realm of medical education, student-led ambassador programs represent an innovative approach to increase awareness about medical education resources. LearnENT is an internationally recognized otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) smartphone app and website designed for medical trainees to learn about OHNS. However, upon the initial launch of the app, there was a lack of medical student awareness and engagement.
Approach In this article, we highlight the process and lessons learned from developing an ambassador program to increase the national presence and uptake of LearnENT. Medical students from across Canada were recruited and trained to promote the app at their respective institutions.
Evaluation Ambassadors hosted events and spearheaded initiatives around the country with the goal of showcasing LearnENT. Furthermore, ambassadors were engaged in scholarly initiatives such as creating educational content for LearnENT and giving presentations at national conferences.
Reflections Critical factors in the success of a student-led ambassador program include ensuring widespread dissemination of the program, establishing clear expectations for ambassadors, equipping ambassadors with standardized promotional material, and promoting collaboration to collectively work towards addressing challenges. When creating a national student-led group such as an ambassador program, outreach to senior stakeholders can be an effective way to involve students at different institutions, provide mentorship opportunities for students and provide opportunities for educational scholarship. With new medical education innovations constantly surfacing, the LearnENT ambassador program model can be applied in other contexts to increase awareness of medical education resources.
Does probiotic supplementation aid weight loss? A randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study with Bifidobacterium lactis BS01 and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA02 supplementation
Authors: Czajeczny Dominik , Kabzińska Karolina , Wójciak Rafał Wojciech 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Probiotic supplements are gaining popularity worldwide. This trend is especially present in females, and a common motivation for consumption is weight loss, no matter the BMI. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation on weight loss in healthy, young adult females and to put claims made by manufacturers of such products to the test.

Methods
The study utilizes a randomized, single-blind, placebo-control design. 53 females aged 19–33 were enrolled, and 38 completed the trial. A 6 week supplementation with Bifidobacterium lactis BS01 and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA02 or placebo was conducted. Anthropometric measures (body mass, BMI, body fat percentage, arm skinfold fat, waist circumference, and WHR) were applied pre and post-treatment.

Results
No significant changes in anthropometric measures were observed in both supplementation and placebo groups.

Conclusion
The results of this investigation do not support claims made by probiotic products manufacturers, that they aid weight loss. Our results seem to support an argument that weight loss is mostly associated with food habits and dietary behaviors, not probiotic intake. It is possible that probiotic supplementation may play a facilitating weight loss but has no effect without dietary intervention. Another possible explanation is that due to strain specificity—bacteria strains used in this study are not effective for weight loss.

Level of evidence
I: randomized controlled trial.
Can the Severity of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy be Predicted by Second Trimester Screening Test Parameters?
Authors: Celik Samettin , Sahin Banuhan , Soyer-Calıskan Canan , Celik Handan , Hatirnaz Safak 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objective The second trimester triple test although declared inadequate for the screening of aneuploidies by the International Society for Prenatal Diagnosis remains a widely employed test. We aim to investigate the associations between the biochemical parameters of the triple test and the severity of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).
Material and Methods The triple test parameters of 102 healthy pregnant women and 100 pregnant women with ICP were evaluated retrospectively. Serum bile acid level of ≥ 40 μmol/L was categorized as severe ICP. Serum α-fetoprotein (AFP), β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), and unconjugated estriol (uE3) multiple of the median (MoM) values and the perinatal outcomes were recorded. The Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used to compare the data.
Results The AFP, β-hCG, and uE3 MoM values were higher in the severe ICP group when compared to those with mild ICP and those without ICP (p < 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity values for ICP were 80.95% and 73.42%, respectively, with AFP values ≥ 1.26 MoM, 76.19% and 88.61%, respectively, with β-hCG values ≥ 1.78 MoM, and 61.90% and 94.94%, respectively, with uE3 values ≥ 1.58 MoM [95% confidence interval; area under the curve (AUC) ± standard error (SE) = 0.810 ± 0.049, AUC ± SE: 0.790 ± 0.065, and AUC ± SE: 0.797 ± 0.065, respectively].
Conclusion An increase in the AFP, β-hCG, and uE3 MoM values in the triple test can predict the risk of developing severe ICP.
Optical nanoscopy
Authors: Diaspro A. , Bianchini P. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis article deals with the developments of optical microscopy towards nanoscopy. Basic concepts of the methods implemented to obtain spatial super-resolution are described, along with concepts related to the study of biological systems at the molecular level. Fluorescence as a mechanism of contrast and spatial resolution will be the starting point to developing a multi-messenger optical microscope tunable down to the nanoscale in living systems. Moreover, the integration of optical nanoscopy with scanning probe microscopy and the charming possibility of using artificial intelligence approaches will be shortly outlined.
Room-Temperature Gas Sensors Under Photoactivation: From Metal Oxides to 2D Materials
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Liu Xianghong , Zhang Jun , Kumar Mahesh 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRoom-temperature gas sensors have aroused great attention in current gas sensor technology because of deemed demand of cheap, low power consumption and portable sensors for rapidly growing Internet of things applications. As an important approach, light illumination has been exploited for room-temperature operation with improving gas sensor’s attributes including sensitivity, speed and selectivity. This review provides an overview of the utilization of photoactivated nanomaterials in gas sensing field. First, recent advances in gas sensing of some exciting different nanostructures and hybrids of metal oxide semiconductors under light illumination are highlighted. Later, excellent gas sensing performance of emerging two-dimensional materials-based sensors under light illumination is discussed in details with proposed gas sensing mechanism. Originated impressive features from the interaction of photons with sensing materials are elucidated in the context of modulating sensing characteristics. Finally, the review concludes with key and constructive insights into current and future perspectives in the light-activated nanomaterials for optoelectronic gas sensor applications.
Forensic Investigation of Google Assistant
Authors: Akinbi Alex , Berry Thomas 
Published: August 2020

AbstractGoogle Nest devices have seen a rise in demand especially with Google’s huge advantage in search engine results and a complex ecosystem that consists of a range of companion devices and compatible mobile applications integrated and interacting with its virtual assistant, Google Assistant. This study undertakes the forensics extraction and analysis of client-centric and cloud-native data remnants left behind on Android smartphones by the Google Home and Google Assistant apps used to control a Google Nest device. We identified the main database and file system storage location central to the Google Assistant ecosystem. From our analysis, we show forensic artifacts of interest associated with user account information, the chronology and copies of past voice conversations exchanged, and record of deleted data. The findings from this study describe forensic artifacts that could assist forensic investigators and can facilitate a criminal investigation.