bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of orthophosphosilicate glass/poly(lactic acid) composite anisotropic scaffolds for simultaneous reconstruction of bone quality and quantity
Authors: Lee Sungho , Nagata Fukue , Kato Katsuya , Kasuga Toshihiro , Nakano Takayoshi 
Published: July 2020

AbstractReconstruction of organ‐specific architecture is necessary to recover the original organ function. The anisotropic structure of bone tissue is strongly related to the collagen fibril alignment and bone apatite crystal direction. Bone regeneration indicates following two main process; first, restoration of bone mineral density (BMD; bone quantity), and second, restoring bone apatite c‐axis orientation (bone quality). In addition to BMD, bone quality is the most important factor among bone mechanical properties. Recovery of the original bone function requires development of novel scaffolds with simultaneous reconstruction of bone quality and quantity. Herein, novel orthophosphosilicate glass (PSG)/poly(lactic acid) composite anisotropic scaffolds were developed to control cell alignment and enhance bone formation, which are important for the simultaneous reconstruction of bone quality and quantity. The strategy to control cell alignment and bone formation involved designing anisotropic scaffolds in combination with the release of therapeutic ions by PSGs. The morphology of fibrous scaffolds containing PSGs was quantitatively designed using electrospinning. This successfully modulated cell alignment and subsequent bone apatite c‐axis orientation along the fiber‐oriented direction. The released silicate and Mg2+ ions from PSGs in scaffolds improved cell adhesion, proliferation, and calcification. To best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that the anisotropic scaffolds containing bioactive glasses regenerate bone tissues with simultaneous reconstruction of bone quality and quantity via stimulating osteoblasts by inorganic ions and designing morphology of scaffolds.
Parent functioning and child psychotherapy outcomes: Predicting outcomes in usual care
Authors: Packard Anna E. , Warren Jared S. , Linford Lauren B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was (1) to examine whether three domains of a parent's functioning—parent distress, interpersonal relationships, and social role performance—changed over the course of their child's treatment, (2) to examine how these factors as measured at intake predicted youth progress in psychotherapy, and (3) to examine whether changes in these parent factors over the course of youth psychotherapy were associated with changes in youth symptoms.MethodParticipants were 339 youth, ages 4–17 and their parents from a community outpatient treatment setting undergoing usual care. Parent and child outcomes were examined across five time points over the course of child treatment. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine the relationship between parent domains and youth progress in therapy.ResultsResults suggested that parent domains significantly predicted their child's symptoms at intake as well as change in psychotherapy. In addition, parent domains improved over the course of youth treatment and the progression of these changes was related to the progression of changes in youth scores across the course of treatment.ConclusionsThe results of this study highlight the important relationship between youth and parent functioning in the context of treatment of youth mental health issues.
Association between emotional intelligence and professionalism among dental hygiene students
Authors: Partido, Brian B. , Stefanik, Dawne , Forsythe, Ashley 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionEmotional intelligence (EI) includes the ability to evaluate and govern the emotions of oneself and others. Limited evidence exists in determining whether EI is related to professionalism.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine whether relationships exist between EI and professionalism among undergraduate dental hygiene students.MethodsUsing a quantitative cross‐sectional survey research design, the study instrument consisted of 3 parts: (1) The Emotional Quotient Self‐Assessment Checklist (EQSAC) included 30 questions measuring 6 domains of EI; (2) The Patient Management and Professionalism Scale (PMPS) included 10 questions measuring 5 domains of professionalism; and (3) Demographic questions. Descriptive statistics, correlational statistics, and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe responses from 49 participants were used, which represented a response rate of 80.3%. Most undergraduate dental hygiene student participants had EI and professionalism scores in the moderate range. Total EI scores were significant predictors of total professionalism scores (P < 0.001) and EI domain scores were found to be significant predictors of professionalism domain scores (P < 0.01).ConclusionSince EI was found to be a predictor of professionalism, improving EI levels may bolster the development of professionalism among undergraduate dental hygiene students. Further research should utilize a larger population of dental hygiene students across multiple institutions.
Raltegravir use and outcomes among children and adolescents living with HIV in the IeDEA global consortium
Authors: Patten Gabriela , Puthanakit Thanyawee , McGowan Catherine C , Wools‐Kaloustian Kara , Hazra Rohan , Pinto Jorge A , Machado Daisy , Succi Regina , Sohn Annette H , Rabie Helena , Musick Beverly , Davies Mary‐Ann ,   IeDEA
Published: July 2020

AbstractIntroductionAs integrase inhibitors become available in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), they offer the potential to expand extremely limited treatment options available to children and adolescents. In LMICs, only small numbers have used raltegravir, primarily as part of third‐line regimens. Using data from the IeDEA global consortium, we aimed to describe the characteristics of children on raltegravir‐containing regimens and their outcomes.MethodsWe included data from 1994 to 2017 from children (age <18 years), from East and Southern Africa, Asia and South America, who received cART regimens containing raltegravir for ≥90 days. We describe their characteristics at raltegravir start, and their immunological and virological outcomes.Results and discussionIn total, 62 children were included, with median age at raltegravir initiation of 14.3 years (IQR 11.2 to 15.8) and median CD4 count of 276 cells/µL (IQR 68 to 494). Among 40 (65%) with drug resistance testing prior to raltegravir, 71% were resistant to at least one protease inhibitor (PI), and 32% had high‐level resistance to at least one drug class. Most (n = 50; 81%) received raltegravir as part of third‐line cART following PI‐based regimens, and were on regimens containing four or more drugs (n = 47, 76%).By database closure, median duration on raltegravir was 2.0 years (IQR 0.8 to 3.0), 1 (1.6%) patient had died, 6 (9.7%) were lost to follow‐up and 21 (34%) had discontinued raltegravir. Among 15 patients reporting reasons for stopping raltegravir, six discontinued because it was no longer available. Within one year of starting raltegravir, among 53 patients with VL measures, 40 (75%) had VL < 1000 copies/mL, and among 54 with a reported CD4 count, 45 (83%) and 36 (67%) were ≥350 and ≥500 cells/µL, respectively, with median CD4 count increasing to 517.5 cells/µL (IQR 288 to 810).ConclusionsAmong children in LMICs, the initial use of raltegravir has been primarily for post PI‐based cART. We found good virological and immunological outcomes despite frequent prior triple‐class failure and high levels of drug resistance. Both access to raltegravir and long‐term adherence to regimens with large pill‐burdens remain challenging. Policies which promote earlier access to new drugs and simplify daily regimens for children and adolescents in LMICs are needed.
Displacement Encoding With Stimulated Echoes Enables the Identification of Infarct Transmurality Early Postmyocardial Infarction
Authors: Mangion Kenneth , Loughrey Christopher M. , Auger Daniel A. , McComb Christie , Lee Matthew M. , Corcoran David , McEntegart Margaret , Davie Andrew , Good Richard , Lindsay Mitchell , Eteiba Hany , Rocchiccioli Paul , Watkins Stuart , Hood Stuart , Shaukat Aadil , Haig Caroline , Epstein Frederick H. , Berry Colin 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundSegmental extent of infarction assessed by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging early post‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has utility in predicting left ventricular functional recovery.HypothesisWe hypothesized that segmental circumferential strain with displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) would be a stronger predictor of infarct transmurality than feature‐tracking strain, and noninferior to extracellular volume fraction (ECV).Study TypeProspective.PopulationFifty participants (mean ± SD, 59 ± 9 years, 40 [80%] male) underwent cardiac MRI on day 1 post‐STEMI.Field‐Strength/Sequences1.5T/cine, DENSE, T1 mapping, ECV, LGE.AssessmentTwo observers assessed segmental percentage LGE extent, presence of microvascular obstruction (MVO), circumferential and radial strain with DENSE and feature‐tracking, T1 relaxation times, and ECV.Statistical TestsNormality was tested using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Skewed distributions were analyzed utilizing Mann–Whitney or Kruskal–Wallis tests and normal distributed data using independent t‐tests. Diagnostic cutoff values were identified using the Youden index. The difference in area under the curve was compared using the z‐statistic.ResultsSegmental circumferential strain with DENSE was associated with the extent of infarction ≥50% (AUC [95% CI], cutoff value = 0.9 [0.8, 0.9], −10%) similar to ECV (AUC = 0.8 [0.8, 0.9], 37%) (P = 0.117) and superior to feature‐tracking circumferential strain (AUC = 0.7[0.7, 0.8], −19%) (P < 0.05). For the detection of segmental infarction ≥75%, circumferential strain with DENSE (AUC = 0.9 [0.8, 0.9], −10%) was noninferior to ECV (AUC = 0.8 [0.7, 0.9], 42%) (P = 0.132) and superior to feature‐tracking (AUC = 0.7 [0.7, 0.8], −13%) (P < 0.05). For MVO detection, circumferential strain with DENSE (AUC = 0.8 [0.8, 0.9], −12%) was superior to ECV (AUC = 0.8 [0.7, 0.8] 34%) (P < 0.05) and feature‐tracking (AUC = 0.7 [0.6, 0.7] −21%) (P < 0.05).Data ConclusionCircumferential strain with DENSE is a functional measure of infarct severity and may remove the need for gadolinium contrast agents in some circumstances.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage5 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2020;52:1722–1731.
The AO trauma CPP bone infection registry: Epidemiology and outcomes of Staphylococcus aureus bone infection
Authors: Morgenstern Mario , Erichsen Christoph , Militz Matthias , Xie Zhao , Peng Jiachen , Stannard James , Metsemakers Willem‐Jan , Schaefer Dirk , Alt Volker , Søballe Kjeld , Nerlich Michael , Buckley Richard E. , Blauth Michael , Suk Michael , Leung Frankie , Barla Jorge D. , Yukata Kiminori , Qing Bi , Kates Stephen L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBone infection represents a serious complication of orthopedic surgery and Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen. To improve the understanding of host‐pathogen interaction, we developed a biospecimen registry (AO Trauma CPP Bone Infection Registry) to collect clinical data, bacterial isolates, and serum from patients with S. aureus bone infection. A prospective multinational registry with a 12‐month follow‐up was created to include adult patients (18 years or older) with culture‐confirmed S. aureus infection in long bones after fracture fixation or arthroplasty. Baseline patient attributes and details on infections and treatments were recorded. Blood and serum samples were obtained at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Patient‐reported outcomes were collected at 1, 6, and 12 months. Clinical outcomes were recorded. Two hundred and ninety‐two patients with fracture‐related infection (n = 157, 53.8%), prosthetic joint infection (n = 86, 29.5%), and osteomyelitis (n = 49, 16.8%) were enrolled. Methicillin‐resistant S. aureus was detected in 82 patients (28.4%), with the highest proportion found among patients from North American sites (n = 39, 48.8%) and the lowest from Central European sites (n = 18, 12.2%). Patient outcomes improved at 6 and 12 months in comparison to baseline. The SF‐36 physical component summary mean (95% confidence interval) score, however, did not reach 50 at 12 months. The cure rate at the end of the study period was 62.1%. Although patients improved with treatment, less than two‐thirds were cured in 1 year. At 12‐month follow‐up, patient‐reported outcome scores were worse for patients with methicillin‐resistant S. aureus infections.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors induce medulloblastoma cell death independent of HDACs recruited in REST repression complexes
Authors: Alshawli Abdulelah S. , Wurdak Heiko , Wood Ian C. , Ladbury John E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundRepressor element 1‐silencing transcription factor (REST) acts as a transcriptional repressor by recruiting several chromatin modifiers, including histone deacetylase (HDAC). Elevated REST expression in medulloblastoma has been associated with tumor progression nevertheless, the tumor shows high sensitivity to HDAC inhibitors (HDACi). However, the functional implications of REST and its requirement for HDACi‐induced anti‐cancer effects are not well understood.MethodsIn this study, the expression of REST was evaluated across the medulloblastoma subgroups and subtypes using published gene expression data. Further, the expression of REST was modulated using the CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and shRNA knockdown in the Daoy medulloblastoma cell line.ResultsThe results of this study showed that the expression of REST is elevated in most medulloblastoma subgroups compared to the non‐cancerous cerebellum. Blocking of REST expression resulted in increasing the expression of REST‐regulated genes, a moderate decrease in the fraction of the cells in the S‐phase, and reducing the cells' migration ability. However, REST deficiency did not lead to a marked decrease in the Daoy cell viability and sensitivity to HDACi.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate that REST is not essential for sustaining the proliferation/viability of the Daoy cells. It also revealed that the anti‐proliferative effect of HDACi is independent of REST expression.
Myocardial T1 and T2 quantification and water–fat separation using cardiac MR fingerprinting with rosette trajectories at 3T and 1.5T
Authors: Liu Yuchi , Hamilton Jesse , Eck Brendan , Griswold Mark , Seiberlich Nicole 
Published: July 2020

PurposeThis work aims to develop an approach for simultaneous water–fat separation and myocardial T1 and T2 quantification based on the cardiac MR fingerprinting (cMRF) framework with rosette trajectories at 3T and 1.5T.MethodsTwo 15‐heartbeat cMRF sequences with different rosette trajectories designed for water–fat separation at 3T and 1.5T were implemented. Water T1 and T2 maps, water image, and fat image were generated with B0 inhomogeneity correction using a B0 map derived from the cMRF data themselves. The proposed water–fat separation rosette cMRF approach was validated in the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine/National Institute of Standards and Technology MRI system phantom and water/oil phantoms. It was also applied for myocardial tissue mapping of healthy subjects at both 3T and 1.5T.ResultsWater T1 and T2 values measured using rosette cMRF in the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine/National Institute of Standards and Technology phantom agreed well with the reference values. In the water/oil phantom, oil was well suppressed in the water images and vice versa. Rosette cMRF yielded comparable T1 but 2~3 ms higher T2 values in the myocardium of healthy subjects than the original spiral cMRF method. Epicardial fat deposition was also clearly shown in the fat images.ConclusionRosette cMRF provides fat images along with myocardial T1 and T2 maps with significant fat suppression. This technique may improve visualization of the anatomical structure of the heart by separating water and fat and could provide value in diagnosing cardiac diseases associated with fibrofatty infiltration or epicardial fat accumulation. It also paves the way toward comprehensive myocardial tissue characterization in a single scan.
Quantitative perfusion mapping with induced transient hypoxia using BOLD MRI
Authors: Vu Chau , Chai Yaqiong , Coloigner Julie , Nederveen Aart J. , Borzage Matthew , Bush Adam , Wood John C. 
Published: July 2020

PurposeGadolinium‐based dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) is commonly used to characterize blood flow in patients with stroke and brain tumors. Unfortunately, gadolinium contrast administration has been associated with adverse reactions and long‐term accumulation in tissues. In this work, we propose an alternative deoxygenation‐based DSC (dDSC) method that uses a transient hypoxia gas paradigm to deliver a bolus of paramagnetic deoxygenated hemoglobin to the cerebral vasculature for perfusion imaging.MethodsThrough traditional DSC tracer kinetic modeling, the MR signal change induced by this hypoxic bolus can be used to generate regional perfusion maps of cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, and mean transit time. This gas paradigm and blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD)‐MRI were performed concurrently on a cohort of 66 healthy and chronically anemic subjects (age 23.5 ± 9.7, female 64%).ResultsOur results showed reasonable global and regional agreement between dDSC and other flow techniques, such as phase contrast and arterial spin labeling.ConclusionIn this proof‐of‐concept study, we demonstrated the feasibility of using transient hypoxia to generate a contrast bolus that mimics the effect of gadolinium and yields reasonable perfusion estimates. Looking forward, optimization of the hypoxia boluses and measurement of the arterial‐input function is necessary to improve the accuracy of dDSC. Additionally, a cross‐validation study of dDSC and DSC in brain tumor and ischemic stroke subjects is warranted to evaluate the clinical diagnostic utility of this approach.
Differences in treatment response to a total diet replacement intervention versus a food‐based intervention: A secondary analysis of the OPTIWIN trial
Authors: Ard Jamy D. , Lewis Kristina H. , Cohen Sarah S. , Rothberg Amy E. , Coburn Sally L. , Loper Judy , Matarese Laura , Pories Walter J. , Periman Seletha 
Published: July 2020

SummaryObjectiveFor every weight loss treatment, there are usually groups of people who lose less than expected. This study sought to determine if response rates to a total diet replacement (TDR) differed from those of a calorie‐restricted, food‐based (FB) diet.MethodsData from OPTIWIN, a 12‐month multicenter trial in adults with a BMI of 30–55 kg/m2, with 26‐week weight‐loss and weight‐maintenance phases, were utilized. Participants (n = 330) were randomized to the OPTIFAST programme (OP) or to a reduced‐energy FB diet. Treatment non‐responders were defined as those who lost <3% of initial weight at months 6 or 12.ResultsThere were 103 (76%) responders in the OP compared with 78 (57%) in the FB group at 12 months. The odds of treatment response at 12 months among participants who were non‐responders at 3 months was not significantly different between the OP and FB groups (p = 0.64). Race, type 2 diabetes status and previous weight loss attempts were significantly associated with responder status. OP responders had higher meal plan adherence and non‐caloric fluid intake compared with FB responders.ConclusionEarly treatment response is more likely and better sustained with TDR compared with an FB diet. Individual and treatment level factors appear to influence early treatment response to behavioural interventions for weight reduction.
Trajectory of fear of cancer recurrence and beliefs and rates of medication adherence in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Shim Eun‐Jung , Jeong Donghee , Lee Sae Byul , Min Yul Ha 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the growth trajectory of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) and its predictors, and the association of that trajectory with the beliefs and rates of medication adherence in patients with breast cancer.MethodsTwo hundred and ten patients with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant endocrine therapy in a university hospital in Seoul, Korea, were followed up five times over 18 months following surgery, and data from the final 162 patients were analyzed.ResultsLatent class growth analysis identified three classes. Classes 1 (38.31%) and 2 (39.89%) showed low and moderate FCR levels, respectively, with a decreasing trend over time. Class 3 (21.80%) showed a high FCR level with an initially decreasing but increasing trend afterward s. Lower education and unemployed status were associated with the high FCR class. Higher depression was more associated with the moderate FCR class than the low FCR class. Higher emotional representation was more associated with the high FCR class than with low FCR class, and greater illness comprehension was more associated with the moderate FCR class than with the high FCR class. Both necessity and concerns about medication were the highest in the high FCR class. However, self‐reported medication adherence rates did not significantly differ between the classes.ConclusionsA high level of FCR appears to persist over time, and given its association with greater concerns about medication, monitoring and management of FCR throughout the cancer trajectory.
Caregiving experiences of Korean family caregivers of cancer patients: An integrative literature review
Authors: Lee Eunice E. , Lee Shin‐Young 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of Korean family caregivers of patients with cancer by reviewing recent literature.MethodsFive electronic databases were searched—MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and PubMed for English literature, and Korean Information Service System (KISS), and Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) for Korean literature for articles published from January 2010 to March 2020 using the key words cancer, caregiver, and Korean. Twenty‐six articles met the inclusion criteria and remained in the final review.ResultsNo intervention study was found and most of studies were quantitative without theoretical/conceptual framework. All the studies were conducted with Koreans living in Korea. No previous study has been conducted with Koreans living in the U.S. or other countries. Most studies focused on caregivers' quality of life, burden, unmet needs, and resilience/adaptation/post‐traumatic growth.ConclusionsComprehensive intervention studies focused on improving quality of life, burden, and adaptation to their complex roles as caregivers in the context of Korean culture would be helpful. Further research is needed in examining the caregiver‐patient dyad interactions longitudinally to understand the dynamic complicated processes of caregiving.