bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of the Confluence of Malvinas and Brazil currents, and a southern Patagonian spawning ground, explain recruitment fluctuations of the main stock of Illex argentinus
Authors: Torres Alberto María Luz , Bodnariuk Nicolás , Ivanovic Marcela , Saraceno Martín , Acha Eduardo Marcelo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe Argentine shortfin squid (Illex argentinus) sustains one of the world's largest squid fisheries. This squid presents strong interannual fluctuations in abundance, attributed to its semelparous life strategy coupled with environmental influences on recruitment. Several stocks have been identified, but the south patagonic stock (SPS) is the most abundant and the main support (ca. 80%) of the Argentine fishery. SPS spawns in autumn–winter, but there are controversies regarding the spawning ground location. We studied the relationship between the recruitment variability and oceanographic conditions to which eggs and paralarvae are exposed, considering two possible spawning ground locations: Patagonia and Southern Brazil. We tested the hypothesis that the SPS recruitment variability could be controlled by oceanographic fluctuations related to the transport of the egg masses spawned on each of the two grounds, to their retention on the continental shelf and to the attainment of the thermal habitat required for eggs hatching. We used a 24‐ years long time series (1993–2017) of catch per unit effort of the squid fishery, and a shorter stock‐assessment series as recruitment proxies; and satellite data of SST and of geostrophic velocities derived from sea surface height. This information was employed to model the advection of the squid egg masses along the external shelf and slope and to estimate the annual recruitment success. Results show that if spawning occurs in Patagonia, 52% of the recruitment variability could be explained. On the other hand, if spawning occurs in southern Brazil, it does not result in successful recruitments for the SPS.
Geographies of capital punishment: New directions and interventions
Authors: Colucci Alex R. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA thorough analysis of capital punishment from a political–geographical perspective is lacking in the discipline of geography. This is despite the fact that capital punishment overlaps with numerous geographic approaches, concepts, and areas of study. This study serves as a call to geographers to begin considering capital punishment's wide interaction and interrelation with developed areas of knowledge in the discipline. Specifically, political geographers stand to contribute in novel ways to wider discussions about capital punishment by analyzing executions relative to contemporary work in geography on violent, legal, and carceral spaces. I first introduce the need for geography's engagement with this pressing issue. Then, I clarify several terms needed to understand this violent practice. A third section highlights several pathways of development in the critical geographies of capital punishment. It is organized around four broad themes—critically mapping capital punishment, bodies in motion, politics of access, and executing the “other”—connecting capital punishment to developing concepts, literatures, and subdisciplines in geography. The final two sections outline an epistemological approach to the geographies of capital punishment and how legal and carceral geographies might contribute.
Evaluation and recommendations for greater accessibility of colour figures in ornithology
Authors: Pollet Ingrid L. , Bond Alexander L. 
Published: September 2020

People who are colour‐blind or have some form of colour vision deficiency form an invisible minority and scientists should strive to be as inclusive as possible. We reviewed 2873 figures published in 2019 from 1031 scientific papers in 27 ornithological journals to determine those that were colour‐blind compatible, and those that were black‐and‐white printer friendly. About 26% of the published figures were in colour, and while most were colour‐blind compatible, only ~ 60% of them were black‐and‐white printer friendly. Ensuring figures in all forms of scientific communication can be interpreted by readers who are colour‐blind, and can be printed in black‐and‐white will improve the accessibility of ornithological research.
Magnification loupes influence on neck and trunk flexion of dental hygienists while scaling—A pilot study
Authors: Ludwig Emily A , Tolle Susan L , Jenkins Eric , Russell Daniel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveWork‐related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common in the dental hygiene profession. Awkward postures contribute to MSDs and magnification loupes have been suggested to reduce this risk factor and minimize MSDs.MethodsAfter IRB approval, 24 hygienists were enrolled in the study: twelve hygienists wearing loupes with a standard manufacturer determined declination angle (control) and 12 hygienists wearing loupes with a custom measured declination angle (experimental). To measure changes in neck and trunk flexion, accelerometers were placed on the occipital region of head, cervical vertebrae C5, and thoracic vertebrae T5 and baseline posture was recorded. Typodonts with artificial calculus simulated the oral environment. Participants were randomly assigned to wear their designated loupes during the first or second trial of the experiment and scaled in each quadrant (UR, LR, UL, LL) of the mouth for two minutes. Participants completed the scaling task twice: in the loupes and no loupes condition in a counterbalanced order. Three‐way mixed design ANOVA was used to determine posture differences in neck and trunk posture.ResultsThose wearing custom loupes (M = 16.52, SD = 6.40) had significantly less trunk flexion while scaling compared to hygienists wearing standard loupes (M = 22.27, SD = 6.40), F(1, 22) = 7.14, P = .01. Neck flexion was not significantly affected while scaling between loupes vs no loupes or loupes type condition, (P’s > .05).ConclusionPosture was partially impacted by loupes type. Custom loupes resulted in less trunk flexion. Neck flexion was not affected by either loupes type.
Enhancement of mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite coating prepared by electrophoretic deposition method
Authors: Asgari Nayereh , Rajabi Masoud 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe addition of bio‐inert ceramics such as alumina and zirconia can significantly improve the mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite bioactive coatings and increase their biocompatibility. In the present study, the surface of a titanium substrate was coated by the electrophoretic deposition method (EPD). Moreover, the reaction bonding process has been used to precipitate the nanocomposite containing the hydroxyapatite (HA), alumina, yitteria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ). The coating process was performed by an electrical power supply and a suspension of hydroxyapatite, aluminum, and YSZ nanopowders. For preparing a suspension consisting of 50% isopropanol and 50% acetone, 0.6 g/L of iodine was used as a stabilizer. Green and sintered coatings were analyzed by FE‐SEM and XRD. In addition, the mechanical properties such as bonding strength, hardness, and toughness were measured. The hardness, bonding strength, and toughness of the HA coating were 107 ± 10.3 HV, 10.8 ± 3.2MPa, and 0.72MPa√m, respectively, while those of the HA‐Al2O3‐YSZ nanocomposite coating were 213 ± 1.8 HV, 35 ± 1.6MPa, and 1.6MPa√m, respectively.
Modern pollen assemblages of the Neotropics
Authors: Bush Mark B. , Correa‐Metrio Alex , van Woesik Robert , Collins Aaron , Hanselman Jennifer , Martinez Pablo , McMichael Crystal N. H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimModern pollen assemblages provide a means to calibrate fossil pollen data and to provide a translation from habitat and vegetation type to pollen representation. Here we provide a database of modern pollen abundances from a broad range of neotropical habitats and locations.LocationThe Neotropics, especially western Amazonia, the Andes, The Galápagos, Central America, Puerto Rico and Mexico.TaxonAngiosperms and GymnospermsMethodsOver a 30‐year period, mud–water interface samples, moss polsters, soils and pollen traps were used to assay modern pollen assemblages. Standard extraction methods were used, and a minimum of 300 terrestrial pollen grains were counted and identified in each sample. Bioclimatic data were assigned to each location, and sexual traits and pollination syndromes are provided for some genera. A detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) shows the structuring of the data relative to mean annual temperatures (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP) and precipitation of the driest quarter (PDQ). Probability density functions of distances among samples are calculated within and between Holdridge Life Zones, based on sample DCA scores.ResultsThe modern pollen of 636 locations are documented, with >500 pollen types identified. The dataset spans settings with MAT <5°C to > 25°C, and with MAP ranging from c. 500 to 5,000 mm, and PDQ from 80 to 1,500 mm. Ordination of the dataset provides evidence that assemblages differ according to temperature and precipitation, although historical biogeography also shapes pollen rains. The pollen grains of zoophilous species contribute important information to habitat descriptions, but they are under‐represented in the dataset.Main conclusionsThe dataset covers a broad environmental range and can help inform biogeographical and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of palaeoecological records. Some caution in using the data is needed as the field of tropical palynology is maturing and the data gathered 30 years ago are less detailed than those gathered recently. Although anemophilous taxa tend to be over‐represented in neotropical pollen spectra, the majority of pollen identified in each sample are from zoophilous species.
New insights into palaeo‐distributions based on Holocene rock art
Authors: Gámez‐Brunswick Carolina , Rojas‐Soto Octavio 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimDue to the lack of sufficient information, with which to infer past distributions of species, Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM) has been used to reconstruct palaeo‐distributions, based on projections of current species ecological niches onto past climatic scenarios. In this study, we utilized ENM to directly and independently reconstruct the Mid‐Holocene distribution of the desert bighorn sheep, using rock art as an alternative source of past distributional information, in order to gain a better understanding of changes in the distribution of this species over the last 6,000 years.LocationNorth American deserts.TaxonDesert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni).MethodsWe used 225 current locality records, eight bioclimatic variables from WorldClim and 57 past locality records based on rock art, in combination with CCSM4 and MIROC‐ESM scenarios for the Mid‐Holocene, to reconstruct via ENM the present and past ecological niches and geographic distribution of the species. For modelling ecological niches, we used Maxent, and the models were evaluated using a partial ROC test. We used a niche similarity test to compare present and past reconstructions, performing niche transfers to measure their inter‐predictability, supported by a previous Mobility Oriented Parity test of climate analogy.ResultsThe performances of the potential distribution models for the Mid‐Holocene and present were statistically significant and describe a recent increase in the species’ distributional areas, suggesting that past conditions were characterized by higher temperatures and lower precipitation, as was corroborated by the niche transfers. The niche similarity test showed no differences between the past and present niches.Main conclusionsThe models generated from rock art allowed a consistent reconstruction of the ecological niches and present and past distributions of the species. We therefore consider rock art to be a valuable, but hitherto largely ignored, source of information for this species. Analysis of current and past distributions revealed how the species have responded to past climatic changes.
CircFOXP1/FOXP1 promotes osteogenic differentiation in adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells and bone regeneration in osteoporosis via miR‐33a‐5p
Authors: Shen Wanxiang , Sun Bin , Zhou Chenghong , Ming Wenyi , Zhang Shaohua , Wu Xudong 
Published: September 2020

AbstractOsteoporosis (OP) is defined by bone mass loss and structural bone deterioration. Currently, there are no effective therapies for OP treatment. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to have an important function in stem cell osteogenesis and to be associated with OP. Most circRNA roles in OP remain unclear. In the present study, we employed circRNA microarray to investigate circRNA expression patterns in OP and non‐OP patient bone tissues. The circRNA‐miRNA‐mRNA interaction was predicted using bioinformatic analysis and confirmed by RNA FISH, RIP and dual‐luciferase reporter assays. ARS and ALP staining was used to detect the degree of osteogenic differentiation in human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) in vitro. In vivo osteogenesis in hASCs encapsulated in collagen‐based hydrogels was tested with heterotopic bone formation assay in nude mice. Our research found that circFOXP1 was significantly down‐regulated in OP patient bone tissues and functioned like a miRNA sponge targeting miR‐33a‐5p to increase FOXP1 expression. In vivo and in vitro analyses showed that circFOXP1 enhances hASC osteogenesis by sponging miR‐33a‐5p. Conversely, miR‐33a‐5p inhibits osteogenesis by targeting FOXP1 3′‐UTR and down‐regulating FOXP1 expression. These results determined that circFOXP1 binding to miR‐33a‐5p promotes hASC osteogenic differentiation by targeting FOXP1. Therefore, circFOXP7ay prevent OP and can be used as a candidate OP therapeutic target.
Larval diet of twoAmazoniangoliath catfish species
Authors: Márquez‐Velásquez Viviana , Galdino Leite Rosseval , Hernandez‐Serna Andres , Alvarado Fredy 
Published: September 2020

AbstractAnalysis of feeding habits was performed for early life stages ofBrachyplatystoma rousseauxiiandBrachyplatystoma filamentosumin the Madeira River, Brazil. Stomach contents ofB. rousseauxiiandB. filamentosumwere identified and analysed to provide the percentage of frequency of occurrence (%FO) and area (%A) and the alimentary index (IAi). The order Diptera represented the most important item consumed by both species. This is the first analyses of the trophic ecology of these ecologically and economically important species of the Amazonian region in early life stages.
Diagnostic accuracy of a novel third generation esophageal capsule as a non‐invasive detection method for Barrett's esophagus: A pilot study
Authors: Duvvuri Abhiram , Desai Madhav , Vennelaganti Sreekar , Higbee April , Gorrepati Venkat Subhash , Dasari Chandra , Chandrasekar Viveksandeep Thoguluva , Vennalaganti Prashanth , Kohli Divyanshoo , Sathyamurthy Anjana , Rai Tarun , Sharma Prateek 
Published: September 2020

AbstractBackground and AimPrevious two generations of esophageal capsule did not show adequate detection rates for Barrett's esophagus (BE). We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of a novel third generation capsule with an improved frame rate of 35 frames per second for the detection of BE in a pilot study.MethodsThis was a blinded prospective pilot study conducted at a tertiary medical center. Patients with known BE (at least C0M > 1) who presented for endoscopic surveillance (May to October 2017) were included. All patients underwent novel esophageal capsule (PillCam™ UGI; Medtronic) ingestion using the simplified ingestion protocol followed by standard high‐definition upper endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy [EGD]). Capsule endoscopy findings were interpreted by examiners blinded to endoscopy results and compared with endoscopic findings (gold standard). Following completion of both tests, a subjective questionnaire was provided to all patients regarding their experience.ResultsTwenty patients (95%males, mean age 66.3 [±7.9] years) with BE undergoing surveillance EGD were eligible. The mean BE length was 3.5 (±2.7) cm. Novel esophageal capsule detected BE in 75% patients when images were compared with endoscopy. Novel capsule detected BE in 82% patients when the BE length was ≥2 cm. The mean esophageal transit time was 0.59 s. On a subjective questionnaire, all 20 patients reported novel capsule as being more convenient compared with EGD.ConclusionsIn this pilot, single‐center study, novel esophageal capsule was shown to be not ready for population screening of BE. Studies integrating artificial intelligence into improved quality novel esophageal capsule should be performed for BE screening.
Dose–response association of the ZJU index and fatty liver disease risk: A large cohort in China
Authors: Li Xue , Qin Pei , Cao Liming , Lou Yanmei , Shi Jing , Zhao Ping , Wang Changyi , Ma Jianping , Xu Shan , Peng Xiaolin , Chen Hongen , Zhao Dan , Hu Fulan , Zhao Yashuang 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to investigate the sex‐specific association between the ZJU index and risk of fatty liver disease in a large Chinese cohort.MethodsA total of 28 729 adults without fatty liver disease at baseline and who completed at least one follow‐up of annual examinations between 2009 and 2016 were included in this study. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for fatty liver disease risk associated with the ZJU index.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 3.01 years, 7373 developed fatty liver disease. There were significant associations between the ZJU index and fatty liver disease for women and men with increasing HRs as the quartiles increase across Q2–Q4, corresponding HRs (95% CIs) in M3 were 2.28 (1.98–2.64), 3.52 (3.07–4.04), and 4.87 (4.24–5.59) for women and 2.44 (2.17–2.75), 4.18 (3.73–4.68), and 6.23 (5.56–6.98) for men. The association between the ZJU index and fatty liver disease risk remained significant in all the subgroups except that of T2DM and abdominal obesity subgroups for men. However, the association became nonsignificant when comparing Q3 and Q2 of the ZJU index with reference in the subgroups of T2DM for men, and nonsignificant when comparing Q3 of the ZJU index with reference in the subgroups of participants with T2DM and abdominal obesity for women.ConclusionThe ZJU index was significantly associated with the risk of fatty liver disease in Chinese population. It will be better to keep body mass index, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride, and fasting plasma glucose at a normal level for preventing fatty liver disease.
Epidemiological and biochemical factors (serum ferritin and vitamin D) associated with premature hair graying in Egyptian population
Authors: El‐Husseiny Rania , Alrgig Nawres Taher , Abdel Fattah Nermeen S.A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe etiology of premature hair graying (PHG) remains incompletely understood with limited treatment options, although has profound impacts on patient’s quality of life.AimsTo assess demographic and clinical profiles of Egyptian PHG patients and explore association of various epidemiological risk factors and serum vitamin D and ferritin levels with PHG.Patients and MethodsThree hundred PHG patients and equal number of controls, aged <30 years, were included. Assessment of epidemiological and clinical characteristics, biometric data and stress perception using perceived stress scale (PSS‐10) was done, with measurement of serum vitamin D and ferritin levels for all subjects. PHG was graded into mild, moderate, and severe if <10, 10‐100, and >100 gray hairs, respectively. Statistical significance for various compared parameters was done employing suitable tests, with P‐value ≤ .05 considered significant.ResultsResults reported significant positive relation of PHG with family history, sedentary life style, and stress (P = .001, .029, and .001, respectively), while no significant relation with smoking, body mass index, or frequent hair dyes use (>3 per year) (P = .425, .5, and .65, respectively). No significant difference was found in mean vitamin D between patients and controls (23.79 ± 13.01 ng/mL vs 24.85 ± 13.19 ng/mL, P = .701), while low serum ferritin (<20 ng/mL) was significantly associated with PHG (14.7 % patients vs 2.7% controls, P = .017).ConclusionPHG in Egyptian population is significantly associated with positive family history, stress, sedentary life style, and low serum ferritin level, while role of vitamin D deficiency should be further evaluated.
Positive Evaluations Expressed Through Original Stories: An Intervention to Promote Resilience in Japan1
Authors: Hirano Mari 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis study aimed to design a program incorporating a narrative perspective that promotes resilience. A program was implemented that conveys an appreciation for the internal qualities of a familiar other person through the creation of a story about them. The experiment was conducted with 36 pairs of women; each pair had a “giver” and a “recipient.” The giver created a story that praised the “good points” of the recipient. There were significant increases in recipients' scores on measures of resilience, self‐esteem, and sense of acceptance of the giver. Additionally, the use of a story can help expand the interpretative ability of receiving and expressing praise.
Glycemic variability in newly diagnosed diabetic cats treated with the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analogue exenatide extended release
Authors: Krämer Anna L. , Riederer Angelina , Fracassi Federico , Boretti Felicitas S. , Sieber‐Ruckstuhl Nadja S. , Lutz Thomas A. , Contiero Barbara , Zini Eric , Reusch Claudia E. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundGlycemic variability (GV) is an indicator of glycemic control and can be evaluated by calculating the SD of blood glucose measurements. In humans with diabetes mellitus (DM), adding a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) analogue to conventional therapy reduces GV. In diabetic cats, the influence of GLP‐1 analogues on GV is unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate GV in diabetic cats receiving the GLP‐1 analogue exenatide extended release (EER) and insulin.AnimalsThirty client‐owned cats with newly diagnosed spontaneous DM.MethodsRetrospective study. Blood glucose curves from a recent prospective placebo‐controlled clinical trial generated 1, 3, 6, 10, and 16 weeks after starting therapy were retrospectively evaluated for GV. Cats received either EER (200 μg/kg) or 0.9% saline SC once weekly, insulin glargine and a low‐carbohydrate diet. Mean blood glucose concentrations were calculated and GV was assessed by SD. Data were analyzed using nonparametric tests.ResultsIn the EER group, GV (mean SD [95% confidence interval]) was lower at weeks 6 (1.69 mmol/L [0.9‐2.48]; P = .02), 10 (1.14 mmol/L [0.66‐1.62]; P = .002) and 16 (1.66 mmol/L [1.09‐2.23]; P = .02) compared to week 1 (4.21 mmol/L [2.48‐5.93]) and lower compared to placebo at week 6 (3.29 mmol/L [1.95‐4.63]; P = .04) and week 10 (4.34 mmol/L [2.43‐6.24]; P < .000). Cats achieving remission (1.21 mmol/L [0.23‐2.19]) had lower GV compared to those without remission (2.96 mmol/L [1.97‐3.96]; P = .01) at week 6.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe combination of EER, insulin, and a low‐carbohydrate diet might be advantageous in the treatment of newly diagnosed diabetic cats.