bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vape shop and consumer activity during COVID-19 non-essential business closures in the USA
Authors: Berg Carla J , Callanan Rachel , Johnson Trent O , Schliecher Nina C , Sussman Steve , Wagener Theodore L , Meaney Mark , Henriksen Lisa 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionVaping and vape shops pose risk for COVID-19 and its transmission.ObjectivesWe examined vape shop non-compliance with state-ordered business closures during COVID-19, changes in their marketing and experiences among consumers.MethodsAs part of a longitudinal study of vape retail in six metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs; Atlanta, Boston, Minneapolis, Oklahoma City, San Diego and Seattle), we conducted: (1) legal research to determine whether statewide COVID-19 orders required vape shops to close; (2) phone-based and web-based surveillance to assess vape shop activity in March–June 2020 during shelter-in-place periods; and (3) a concurrent online survey of e-cigarette users about their experiences with vape retail.ResultsNon-essential business closure varied in timing/duration across states and applied to vape shops in California, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Oklahoma (for a brief period) and Washington (Georgia’s orders were ambiguous). Surveillance analysis focused on the five MSAs in these states. Of 156 vape shops, 53.2% were open as usual, 11.5% permanently closed and 3.8% temporarily closed; 31.4% offered pick-up/delivery services. Among survey respondents (n=354, Mage=23.9±4.6; 46.9% male, 71.8% white, 13.0% Hispanic), 27.4% worried their vape shop would close/go out of business during COVID-19; 7.3% said their vape shop did so. Few noticed increases in vape product delivery options (7.3%), discounts/price promotions (9.9%) and/or prices (9.3%). While 20.3% stockpiled vape products, 20.3% tried to reduce use and 15.8% tried to quit.ConclusionsMany vape shops were non-compliant with state COVID-19 orders. E-cigarette users were as likely to stockpile vape products as to attempt to reduce or quit using e-cigarettes.
Sleep timing, sleep consistency, and health in adults: a systematic review
Authors: Chaput Jean-Philippe , Dutil Caroline , Featherstone Ryan , Ross Robert , Giangregorio Lora , Saunders Travis J. , Janssen Ian , Poitras Veronica J. , Kho Michelle E. , Ross-White Amanda , Zankar Sarah , Carrier Julie 
Published: October 2020

The objective of this systematic review was to examine the associations between sleep timing (e.g., bedtime/wake-up time, midpoint of sleep), sleep consistency/regularity (e.g., intra-individual variability in sleep duration, social jetlag, catch-up sleep), and health outcomes in adults aged 18 years and older. Four electronic databases were searched in December 2018 for articles published in the previous 10 years. Fourteen health outcomes were examined. A total of 41 articles, including 92 340 unique participants from 14 countries, met inclusion criteria. Sleep was assessed objectively in 37% of studies and subjectively in 63% of studies. Findings suggest that later sleep timing and greater sleep variability were generally associated with adverse health outcomes. However, because most studies reported linear associations, it was not possible to identify thresholds for “late sleep timing” or “large sleep variability”. In addition, social jetlag was associated with adverse health outcomes, while weekend catch-up sleep was associated with better health outcomes. The quality of evidence ranged from “very low” to “moderate” across study designs and health outcomes using GRADE. In conclusion, the available evidence supports that earlier sleep timing and regularity in sleep patterns with consistent bedtimes and wake-up times are favourably associated with health. (PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42019119534.) Novelty This is the first systematic review to examine the influence of sleep timing and sleep consistency on health outcomes. Later sleep timing and greater variability in sleep are both associated with adverse health outcomes in adults. Regularity in sleep patterns with consistent bedtimes and wake-up times should be encouraged.
Neutrino oscillation in the q-metric
Authors: Boshkayev Kuantay , Luongo Orlando , Muccino Marco 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWe investigate neutrino oscillation in the field of an axially symmetric space-time, employing the so-called q-metric, in the context of general relativity. Following the standard approach, we compute the phase shift invoking the weak and strong field limits and small deformation. To do so, we consider neutron stars, white dwarfs and supernovae as strong gravitational regimes whereas the solar system as weak field regime. We argue that the inclusion of the quadrupole parameter leads to the modification of the well-known results coming from the spherical solution due to the Schwarschild space-time. Hence, we show that in the solar system regime, considering the Earth and Sun, there is a weak probability to detect deviations from the flat case, differently from the case of neutron stars and white dwarfs in which this probability is larger. Thus, we heuristically discuss some implications on constraining the free parameters of the phase shift by means of astrophysical neutrinos. A few consequences in cosmology and possible applications for future space experiments are also discussed throughout the text.
Residually finite dimensional algebras and polynomial almost identities
Authors: Larsen Michael , Shalev Aner 
Published: October 2020

Let [Formula: see text] be a residually finite dimensional algebra (not necessarily associative) over a field [Formula: see text]. Suppose first that [Formula: see text] is algebraically closed. We show that if [Formula: see text] satisfies a homogeneous almost identity [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] has an ideal of finite codimension satisfying the identity [Formula: see text]. Using well known results of Zelmanov, we conclude that, if a residually finite dimensional Lie algebra [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text] is almost [Formula: see text]-Engel, then [Formula: see text] has a nilpotent (respectively, locally nilpotent) ideal of finite codimension if char [Formula: see text] (respectively, char [Formula: see text]). Next, suppose that [Formula: see text] is finite (so [Formula: see text] is residually finite). We prove that, if [Formula: see text] satisfies a homogeneous probabilistic identity [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] is a coset identity of [Formula: see text]. Moreover, if [Formula: see text] is multilinear, then [Formula: see text] is an identity of some finite index ideal of [Formula: see text]. Along the way we show that if [Formula: see text] has degree [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] is a finite [Formula: see text]-algebra such that the probability that [Formula: see text] (where [Formula: see text] are randomly chosen) is at least [Formula: see text], then [Formula: see text] is an identity of [Formula: see text]. This solves a ring-theoretic analogue of a (still open) group-theoretic problem posed by Dixon,
Capacitive Behavior of Sodium Ion Pre-Intercalation Manganese Dioxide Supported on Titanium Nitride Substrate
Authors: Xie Yibing 
Published: October 2020

The sodium ion pre-intercalation manganese dioxide (Na[Formula: see text]MnO[Formula: see text] is supported on titanium nitride (TiN) substrate to form electroactive Na[Formula: see text]MnO2/TiN electrode through an electrodeposition process in Mn(CH3COOH)2/Na2SO4 precursors with high Mn/Na ratio. MnO2 has a tiled leaf-like structure with a wrinkling morphology. Na[Formula: see text]MnO2 has a cross-linking nanorod structure with a nanoporous morphology, which is beneficial for electrolyte ion diffusion. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation results indicate that Na[Formula: see text]MnO2 reveals the enhanced density of states (DOS) and the lowered band gap than MnO2, which is consistent with higher cyclic voltammetry current response due to superior electroactivity of Na[Formula: see text]MnO2. The Faradaic process involves Na[Formula: see text] adsorption/desorption on the surface of MnO2 by contributing to electrochemical capacitance and Na[Formula: see text] intercalation/deintercalation on the deep interlayer of pre-intercalation Na[Formula: see text]MnO2 by contributing to pseudocapacitance. Concerning the electrolyte ion size effect, both MnO2/TiN and Na[Formula: see text]MnO2/TiN electrodes have higher capacitive performance in Li2SO4 electrolyte than that in Na2SO4 and K2SO4 electrolyte due to more feasible Li[Formula: see text] diffusion. When MnO2 is converted into Na[Formula: see text]MnO2, the capacitance at 2.5 mA cm[Formula: see text] increases from 351.3 mF cm[Formula: see text] to 405.6 mF cm[Formula: see text] in Na2SO4 electrolyte and from 376.3 mF cm[Formula: see text] to 465.1 mF cm[Formula: see text] in Li2SO4 electrolyte. The conductive TiN substrate leads to high rate capacity retention ratio of 50.7% for MnO2/TiN and 49.5% for Na[Formula: see text]MnO2/TiN when current density increases from 0.5 mA cm[Formula: see text] to 5 mA cm[Formula: see text]. So, Na[Formula: see text]MnO2/TiN with sodium ion pre-intercalation exhibits the improved capacitive performance in Li2SO4 electrolyte to act well as the promising supercapacitor electrode.
Some Properties of Bifractional Bessel Processes Driven by Bifractional Brownian Motion
Authors: Sun Xichao , Guo Rui , Li Ming 
Published: October 2020

Let

B
=

B
t
1

,
…
,

B
t
d

t
≥
0

be a

d

-dimensional bifractional Brownian motion and

R

t

=

B
t
1

2

+
⋯
+

B
t
d

2

be the bifractional Bessel process with the index

2
HK
≥
1

. The Itô formula for the bifractional Brownian motion leads to the equation

R

t

=

∑

i
=
1

d

∫
0
t

B
s
i

/

R

s

d

B
s
i

+
HK

d
−
1

∫
0
t

s

2
HK
−
1

/

R

s

d
s

. In the Brownian motion case

K
=
1

and

H
=

1
/
2

,

X

t

≔

∑

i
=
1

d

∫
0
t

B
s
i

/

R

s

d

B
s
i

,

d
≥
1

is a Brownian motion by Lévy’s characterization theorem. In this paper, we prove that process

X

t

is not a bifractional Brownian motion unless

K
=
1

and

H
=

1
/
2

. We also study some other properties and their application of this stochastic process.
Hypofractionated FLASH-RT as an Effective Treatment against Glioblastoma that Reduces Neurocognitive Side Effects in Mice
Authors: Montay-Gruel Pierre , Acharya Munjal M. , Gonçalves Jorge Patrik , Petit Benoît , Petridis Ioannis G. , Fuchs Philippe , Leavitt Ron , Petersson Kristoffer , Gondré Maude , Ollivier Jonathan , Moeckli Raphael , Bochud François , Bailat Claude , Bourhis Jean , Germond Jean-François , Limoli Charles L. , Vozenin Marie-Catherine 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Purpose:
Recent data have shown that single-fraction irradiation delivered to the whole brain in less than tenths of a second using FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT), does not elicit neurocognitive deficits in mice. This observation has important clinical implications for the management of invasive and treatment-resistant brain tumors that involves relatively large irradiation volumes with high cytotoxic doses.

Experimental Design:
Therefore, we aimed at simultaneously investigating the antitumor efficacy and neuroprotective benefits of FLASH-RT 1-month after exposure, using a well-characterized murine orthotopic glioblastoma model. As fractionated regimens of radiotherapy are the standard of care for glioblastoma treatment, we incorporated dose fractionation to simultaneously validate the neuroprotective effects and optimized tumor treatments with FLASH-RT.

Results:
The capability of FLASH-RT to minimize the induction of radiation-induced brain toxicities has been attributed to the reduction of reactive oxygen species, casting some concern that this might translate to a possible loss of antitumor efficacy. Our study shows that FLASH and CONV-RT are isoefficient in delaying glioblastoma growth for all tested regimens. Furthermore, only FLASH-RT was found to significantly spare radiation-induced cognitive deficits in learning and memory in tumor-bearing animals after the delivery of large neurotoxic single dose or hypofractionated regimens.

Conclusions:
The present results show that FLASH-RT delivered with hypofractionated regimens is able to spare the normal brain from radiation-induced toxicities without compromising tumor cure. This exciting capability provides an initial framework for future clinical applications of FLASH-RT.
See related commentary by Huang and Mendonca, p. 662
Development and Internal Validation of a Model Predicting Premature Cardiovascular Disease Among Women With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Population‐Based Study in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Ukah U. Vivian , Dayan Natalie , Auger Nathalie , He Siyi , Platt Robert W. 
Published: October 2020

Background
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are associated with an increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD), but existing cardiovascular prediction models do not adequately capture risks in young women. We developed a model to predict the 10‐year risk of premature CVD and mortality among women who have HDP.

Methods and Results
Using a population‐based cohort of women with HDP who delivered between April 1989 and March 2017 in Quebec, Canada, we developed a 10‐year CVD risk model using Cox proportional hazards regression. Women aged 18 to 45 years were followed from their first HDP‐complicated delivery until March 2018. We assessed performance of the model based on discrimination, calibration, and risk stratification ability. Internal validity was assessed using the bootstrap method. The cohort included 95 537 women who contributed 1 401 084 person‐years follow‐up. In total, 4024 (4.2%) of women were hospitalized for CVD, of which 1585 events (1.6%) occurred within 10 years of follow‐up. The final model had modest discriminatory performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.65–0.67) and good calibration with slope of 0.95 and intercept of −0.19. There was moderate classification accuracy (likelihood ratio+: 5.90; 95% CI, 5.01–6.95) in the highest‐risk group upon risk stratification.

Conclusions
Overall, our model had modest performance in predicting the 10‐year risk of premature CVD for women with HDP. We recommend the addition of clinical variables, and external validation, before consideration for clinical use.
Large and Small Cerebral Vessel Involvement in Severe COVID-19
Authors: Keller Emanuela , Brandi Giovanna , Winklhofer Sebastian , Imbach Lukas L. , Kirschenbaum Daniel , Frontzek Karl , Steiger Peter , Dietler Sabeth , Haeberlin Marcellina , Willms Jan , Porta Francesca , Waeckerlin Adrian , Huber Michael , Abela Irene A. , Lutterotti Andreas , Stippich Christoph , Globas Christoph , Varga Zsuzsanna , Jelcic Ilijas 
Published: October 2020

Background and Purpose:
Case series indicating cerebrovascular disorders in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been published. Comprehensive workups, including clinical characteristics, laboratory, electroencephalography, neuroimaging, and cerebrospinal fluid findings, are needed to understand the mechanisms.

Methods:
We evaluated 32 consecutive critically ill patients with COVID-19 treated at a tertiary care center from March 9 to April 3, 2020, for concomitant severe central nervous system involvement. Patients identified underwent computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and autopsy in case of death.

Results:
Of 32 critically ill patients with COVID-19, 8 (25%) had severe central nervous system involvement. Two presented with lacunar ischemic stroke in the early phase and 6 with prolonged impaired consciousness after termination of analgosedation. In all but one with delayed wake-up, neuroimaging or autopsy showed multiple cerebral microbleeds, in 3 with additional subarachnoid hemorrhage and in 2 with additional small ischemic lesions. In 3 patients, intracranial vessel wall sequence magnetic resonance imaging was performed for the first time to our knowledge. All showed contrast enhancement of vessel walls in large cerebral arteries, suggesting vascular wall pathologies with an inflammatory component. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions for SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid were all negative. No intrathecal SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG synthesis was detectable.

Conclusions:
Different mechanisms of cerebrovascular disorders might be involved in COVID-19. Acute ischemic stroke might occur early. In a later phase, microinfarctions and vessel wall contrast enhancement occur, indicating small and large cerebral vessels involvement. Central nervous system disorders associated with COVID-19 may lead to long-term disabilities. Mechanisms should be urgently investigated to develop neuroprotective strategies.
Hiker Narratives of Living among Bears on the Appalachian Trail
Authors: Marx Kate 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Appalachian Trail is a 2,000-mile-long wilderness trail shared by hikers and numerous nonhuman animal species, including the American Black Bear (Ursus americanus). In many areas of the trail, bears have become habituated to humans, occasionally leading to conflict between them. Some hikers choose to blog about their experiences on the trail, including their experience of living among bears. Their narratives center around space-oriented themes of proximity, dwelling, and segregation. The concept of dwelling is useful in understanding how hikers and bears come to share a lifeworld in which each species is usually given enough room to dwell in their own way. A hiker’s immersion in the spaces belonging to bears can lead them to a more nuanced appreciation of bears as autonomous beings. Dwelling also points towards a way of being with nonhuman animals that avoids doing harm to them or to their homes.
La Filologia mediolatina: una disciplina di frontiera
Authors: Chiesa Paolo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
This article sketches a short history of Latin literature of the Middle Ages (as academic discipline) in Italy; defines its possible boundaries and relationships with other disciplines; lists the peculiarities of textual criticism when applied in the specific field of Latin medieval texts; highlights the methodological contribution brought by the scholars of this discipline, in order to build a ‘global philology’.
Reliability of the Crossed-Hands Deficit in Tactile Temporal Order Judgements
Authors: Unwalla Kaian , Kearney Hannah , Shore David I. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Crossing the hands over the midline impairs performance on a tactile temporal order judgement (TOJ) task, resulting in the crossed-hands deficit. This deficit results from a conflict between two reference frames — one internal (somatotopic) and the other external (spatial) — for coding stimulus location. The substantial individual differences observed in the crossed-hands deficit highlight the differential reliance on these reference frames. For example, women have been reported to place a greater emphasis on the external reference frame than men, resulting in a larger crossed-hands deficit for women. It has also been speculated that individuals with an eating disorder place a greater weight on the external reference frame. Further exploration of individual differences in reference frame weighing using a tactile TOJ task requires that the reliability of the task be established. In Experiment 1, we investigated the reliability of the tactile TOJ task across two sessions separated by one week and found high reliability in the magnitude of the crossed-hands deficit. In Experiment 2, we report the split-half reliability across multiple experiments (both published and unpublished). Overall, tactile TOJ reliability was high. Experiments with small to moderate crossed-hands deficits showed good reliability; those with larger deficits showed even higher reliability. Researchers should try to maximize the size of the effect when interested in individual differences in the use of the internal and external reference frames.
<p><strong>Description of<em> Placoneis mologaensis</em>, a new diatom from the Rybinsk reservoir on the Volga River, European Russia</strong></p>
Authors: VISHNYAKOV VASILY S. 
Published: October 2020

A survey of surficial bottom sediments of the Rybinsk reservoir on the Volga, one of the largest and highly regulated rivers in Europe, revealed unknown species of the genus Placoneis. Detailed morphological observation using light and scanning electron microscopes allowed to describe this as P. mologaensis sp. nov. The species is characterized by linear-elliptical valves with slightly pronounced poles and conspicuous combination of other features, such as radial pattern of coarsely punctate uniseriate striae, bowtie-shaped central area without of isolated stigma, and raphe branches with heteromorphous terminal fissures. Ultrastructurally, P. mologaensis shows external areolar openings placed in depressions, which vary markedly in shape from round to slit-like. The new species is compared with similar and misidentified species and distributional data are provided based on confirmed records from the Pleistocene of the Boreal regions of Europe.
Uncertainty in Observational Estimates of the Aerosol Direct Radiative Effect and Forcing
Authors: Thorsen Tyler J. , Winker David M. , Ferrare Richard A. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractA lower bound on the uncertainty in observational estimates of the aerosol direct radiative effect (DRE; the direct interaction with solar radiation by all aerosols) and the aerosol direct radiative forcing [DRF; the radiative effect of just anthropogenic aerosols (RFari)] is quantified by making the optimistic assumption that global aerosol observations can be made with the accuracy found in the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun photometer retrievals. The global-mean all-sky aerosol DRE uncertainty was found to be 1.1 W m−2 (one standard deviation). The global-mean all-sky aerosol DRF (RFari) uncertainty was determined to be 0.31 W m−2. The total uncertainty in both quantities is dominated by contributions from the aerosol single scattering albedo uncertainty. These uncertainty estimates were compared to a literature survey of mostly satellite-based aerosol DRE/DRF values. Comparisons to previous studies reveal that most have significantly underestimated the aerosol DRE uncertainty. Past estimates of the aerosol DRF uncertainty are smaller (on average) than our optimistic observational estimates, including the aerosol DRF uncertainty given in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). This disconnect between our observation-based uncertainty and that found in past aerosol DRF studies that rely, at least in part, on modeling is discussed. Also quantified is a potential reduction in the current observational uncertainty possible with a future generation of satellite observations that would leverage aerosol typing and more refined vertical information.