bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and application of a mass closure PM2.5 composition online monitoring system
Authors: Su Cui-Ping , Peng Xing , Huang Xiao-Feng , Zeng Li-Wu , Cao Li-Ming , Tang Meng-Xue , Chen Yao , Zhu Bo , Wang Yishi , He Ling-Yan 
Published: October 2020

Abstract. Online instruments have been widely applied for the measurement of PM2.5 and its chemical components; however, these instruments have a
major shortcoming in terms of the lack or limited number of species in field measurements. To this end, a new mass closure PM2.5 online integrated system was developed and applied in this work to develop more comprehensive information on chemical species in PM2.5. For the
new system, one isokinetic sampling system for PM2.5 was coupled with an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (Aerodyne, ACSM), an
aethalometer (Magee, AE-31), an automated multi-metals monitor (Cooper Corporation, Xact-625) and a hybrid synchronized ambient particulate
real-time analyzer monitor (Thermo Scientific, SHARP-5030i) to enable high-resolution temporal (1 h) measurements of organic matter,
SO42-, NO3-, Cl−, NH4+, black carbon, important elements and PM2.5 mass
concentrations. The new online integrated system was first deployed in Shenzhen, China, to measure the PM2.5 composition from 25 September
to 30 October 2019. Our results showed that the average PM2.5 concentration in this work was 33 µg m−3, and the measured
species reconstructed the PM2.5 well and almost formed a mass closure (94 %). The multi-linear engine (ME-2) model was employed for the
comprehensive online PM2.5 chemical dataset to apportion the sources with predetermined constraints, in which the organic ion fragment
m/z 44 in ACSM data was used as the tracer for secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Nine sources were determined and obtained reasonable time
series and diurnal variations in this study, including identified SOA (23 %), secondary sulfate (22 %), vehicle emissions (18 %),
biomass burning (11 %), coal burning (8.0 %), secondary nitrate (5.3 %), fugitive dust (3.8 %), ship emissions (3.7 %) and
industrial emissions (2.1 %). The potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis indicated that the major source area could be the
region north of the sampling site. This is the first system in the world that can perform online measurements of PM2.5 components with a
mass closure, thus providing a new powerful tool for PM2.5 long-term daily measurement and source apportionment.
From Sousaphones to Superman: Narrative, Rhetoric, and Memory as Equipment for Living
Authors: Lewis Camille Kaminski 
Published: October 2020

AbstractRafe McGregor’s Narrative Justice comprehensively unravels exactly how a white-nationalist narrative subverts justice and how a counter-narrative might lead to more ethical action. In his exhaustive argument, McGregor addresses the continuing conversation within aesthetic education overlapping narrative representation with his unique contribution, criminology. As a rhetorician with an interdisciplinary focus on religion in the American public sphere, I currently research how white supremacy intersects with conservative politics and revivalism. Mixing evangelical religion and white supremacist politics is like dropping Mentos into Diet Coke, and I am exploring that rhetorical reaction and how we can dilute the political geyser. McGregor’s analysis and prescription speak directly to my project. Since, as McGregor proves, narratives teach ethical understanding and similar narratives permeate unjust political ideologies, our creating ethical counter-narratives will promote social justice. Intersecting McGregor’s theory on narrative justice with rhetorical studies and American religion complements and complicates his conclusions. If exemplary narratives can improve our ethical action, then a fictional superhero can inspire us to stand up against intolerance, a Bob Jones College alumnus can help us visualize alternatives to hate, and even a thirty-foot-tall everyman-of-color can stretch our imagination toward change.
Introductory Computer Programming Courses in Mathematics Curriculum
Authors: Jones Leslie , Smith Tim 
Published: October 2020

We present the results of surveys and curricular research on introductory computer programming courses that are required or recommended for mathematics degrees at U.S. colleges and universities. Our target schools were those with populations between 5,000 and 20,000 undergraduate students. A key result is a synopsis of programming languages in use in these introductory courses with Java, Python and C + + holding the top three spots. We found that 85% of the 340 schools in our pool require or recommend an introductory programming course as a component of a mathematics degree. Furthermore, most of these introductory programming courses are taught by faculty outside of the mathematics department. These results indicate that mathematics faculty value computer programming and should be actively involved in setting learning outcomes, incorporating skills and concepts learned in introductory programming courses into subsequent mathematics courses, and determining programming languages in use.
Subject Classification: 97D30, 97P20, 97P40
De kwetsbare legitimaris, de langstlevende partner en de kantonrechter
Authors: ter Haar J.H.M. , Tuinstra G.A. 
Published: October 2020

De kwetsbare legitimaris, de langstlevende partner en de kantonrechter
De kantonrechter heeft als toezichthouder op het beheer over het vermogen van kwetsbare legitimarissen een belangrijke taak. Dit geldt in het bijzonder als hun belang botst met dat van de langstlevende partner van de overledene. Hoe gaat de kantonrechter dan om met een schending van de legitieme portie? Maakt het verschil of de schending terloops blijkt of dat de schending aanleiding is voor het machtigingsverzoek? Schrijvers gaan in op uiteenlopende uitspraken en doen een handreiking aan de rechterlijke praktijk.
Instrumental validity and intra/inter-rater reliability of a novel low-cost digital pressure algometer
Authors: Jerez-Mayorga Daniel , dos Anjos Carolina Fernanda , Macedo Maria de Cássia , Fernandes Ilha Gonçalves , Aedo-Muñoz Esteban , Intelangelo Leonardo , Barbosa Alexandre Carvalho 
Published: October 2020

Background
Pain assessment is a key measure that accompanies treatments in a wide range of clinical settings. A low-cost valid and reliable pressure algometer would allow objective assessment of pressure pain to assist a variety of health professionals. However, the pressure algometer is often expensive, which limits its daily use in both clinical and research settings.

Objectives
This study aimed to assess the instrumental validity, and the intra- and inter-rater reliability of an inexpensive digital adapted pressure algometer.

Methods
A single rater applied 60 random compressions on a force platform. The pressure pain thresholds of 20 volunteers were collected twice (3 days apart) by two raters. The main outcome measurements were as follows: the maximal peak force (in kPa) and the pressure pain threshold (adapted pressure algometer vs. force platform). Cronbach’s α test was used to assess internal consistency. The standard error of measurement provided estimates of measurement error, and the measurement bias was estimated with the Bland–Altman method, with lower and upper limits of agreement.

Results
No differences were observed when comparing the compression results (P = 0.51). The validity and internal intra-rater consistencies ranged from 0.84 to 0.99, and the standard error of measurement from 0.005 to 0.04 kPa. Very strong (r = 0.73–0.74) to near-perfect (r = 0.99) correlations were found, with a low risk of bias for all measurements. The results demonstrated the validity and intra-rater reliability of the digitally adapted pressure algometer. Inter-rater reliability results were moderate (r = 0.55–0.60; Cronbach’s α = 0.71–0.75).

Conclusion
The adapted pressure algometer provide valid and reliable measurements of pressure pain threshold. The results support more widespread use of the pressure pain threshold method among clinicians.
Binomial Transform of the Generalized Tribonacci Sequence
Authors: Soykan Y¨uksel 
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we define the binomial transform of the generalized Tribonacci sequence and as special cases, the binomial transform of the Tribonacci, Tribonacci-Lucas, Tribonacci-Perrin, modified Tribonacci, modified Tribonacci-Lucas and adjusted Tribonacci-Lucas sequences will be introduced. We investigate their properties in details. We present Binet’s formulas, generating functions, Simson formulas, and the summation formulas for these binomial transforms. Moreover, we give some identities and matrices related with these binomial transforms.
Analysis of Ethylene Glycol (EG)-based ((Cu-Al2O3), (Cu-TiO2), (TiO2-Al2O3)) Hybrid Nanofluids for Optimal Car Radiator Coolant
Authors: Okello J. A. , Mutuku W. N. , Oyem A. O. 
Published: October 2020

Coolants are vital in any automotive since they manage the heat in the internal combustion of the engines by preventing corrosion in the cooling system as well as assist in eradicating the engine’s waste heat. This paper examines three different types of ethylene glycol-based hybrid nanofluids ((Cu-Al2O3), (Cu-TiO2), (TiO2-Al2O3)) to establish their cooling capabilities for industrial cooling applications. The vertical flow of these hybrid nanofluids combination through a semi-infinite convectively heated flat plate mimicking the flow of coolant in car radiator is modeled. The governing non-linear partial differential equations of fluid flow are transformed into a system of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations using a suitable similarity transformation variables and the numerical solution executed using the shooting technique together with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg integration scheme. The numerical simulation is executed using MATLAB and results are displayed graphically. The effects of pertinent parameters on velocity, temperature, skin friction, and local Nusselt number are investigated. From the study (Cu-Al2O3 hybrid nanocoolant leads to a rapid decrease in temperature at the boundary layer.
Advances and Trends in Chemically Doped Graphene
Authors: Ullah Sami , Shi Qitao , Zhou Junhua , Yang Xiaoqin , Ta Huy Q. , Hasan Maria , Ahmad Nasir Mahmood , Fu Lei , Bachmatiuk Alicja , Rümmeli Mark H. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractChemically doped graphene materials are fascinating because these have different desirable attributes with possible synergy. The inert and gapless nature of graphene can be changed by adding a small number of heteroatoms to substitute carbon in the lattice. The doped material may display superior catalytic activities; durable, fast, and selective sensing; improved magnetic moments; photoresponses; and activity in chemical reactions. In the current review, recent advances are covered in chemically doped graphene. First, the different types of heteroatoms, their bonding configurations, and briefly their properties are discussed. This is followed by the description of various synthesis and analytical methods essential for assessing the characteristics of heterographene with specific focus on the selected graphene materials of different dopants (particularly, single dopants, including N, B, S, P, first three halogens, Ge, and Ga, and codopants, such as N/O), and more importantly, up‐to‐date applications enabled by the intentional doping. Finally, outlook and perspectives section review the existing challenges, future opportunities, and possible ways to improve the graphitic materials. The goal is to update and inspire the readers to establish novel doped graphene with valuable properties and for current and futuristic applications.
Benzyl Palladium Intermediates: Unique and Versatile Reactive Intermediates for Aromatic Functionalization
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Bao Ming 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAromatic functionalizations are of current interest and importance in organic chemistry, recent transition‐metal catalyzed reactions can transform inert C−H bond into C−X (X=C, O, N, etc.) bonds, greatly enriching aromatic chemistry and related fields. Some well‐known palladium‐containing intermediates such as palladacycles and allylpalladium intermediates play an important role in organic conversions. Similar with allyl group, benzyl group also possesses the capability of stabilizing palladium through η3‐binding. In the process of the formation of benzyl palladium intermediate, there is a transition state of dearomatization. Therefore, it is a challenging and meaningful research topic to seize these aromatic destruction intermediates, realize selective functionalization reaction on aromatic ring via them, and inhibit the formation of traditional benzylated products. Herein, we summarized the recent efforts on expanding the synthetic utility, as well as exploring the mechanism in aromatic functionalization via reactive benzyl palladium intermediates. We envision that the transformation via benzyl palladium intermediates will help promote the development in the field of palladium–catalyzed aromatic regioselective functionalization.magnified image
Revealing and Elucidating ALD‐Derived Control of Lithium Plating Microstructure
Authors: Oyakhire Solomon T. , Huang William , Wang Hansen , Boyle David T. , Schneider Joel R. , de Paula Camila , Wu Yecun , Cui Yi , Bent Stacey F. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe practical implementation of Li metal batteries is hindered by difficulties in controlling the Li metal plating microstructure. While previous atomic layer deposition (ALD) studies have focused on directly coating Li metal with thin films for the passivation of the electrode–electrolyte interface, a different approach is adopted, situating the ALD film beneath Li metal and directly on the copper current collector. A mechanistic explanation for this simple strategy of controlling the Li metal plating microstructure using TiO2 grown on copper foil by ALD is presented. In contrast to previous studies where ALD‐grown layers act as artificial interphases, this TiO2 layer resides at the copper–Li metal interface, acting as a nucleation layer to improve the Li metal plating morphology. Upon lithiation of TiO2, a LixTiO2 complex forms; this alloy provides a lithiophilic surface layer that enables uniform and reversible Li plating. The reversibility of lithium deposition is evident from the champion cell (5 nm TiO2), which displays an average Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 96% after 150 cycles at a moderate current density of 1 mA cm−2. This simple approach provides the first account of the mechanism of ALD‐derived Li nucleation control and suggests new possibilities for future ALD‐synthesized nucleation layers.
The effectiveness and safety of sofosbuvir‐ledipasvir for patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 2 infection
Authors: Chen Po‐Yueh , Yang Hsin‐Yi , Chou Chu‐Kuang , Chang Li‐Jen , Hsu Ming‐Tse , Tsai Tsung‐Jung , Fang Chien‐Chung , Su Chang‐Chao , Lin Yu‐Ling , Feng Yu‐Ming , Chen Chi‐Yi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractSofosbuvir‐ledipasvir (SOF/LDV) had been proved to achieve high sustained virologic response (SVR) rate for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection. As for patients with HCV genotype 2 (HCV‐2) infection, SOF combined with weight‐based ribavirin was recommended based on earlier guidelines. In Asia‐Pacific region, the pooled analysis of three clinical studies in Taiwan, Japan, and New Zeeland, respectively, revealed that the SVR12 rate of SOF/LDV for with HCV‐2 infected patients without decompensated cirrhosis could be higher than 95%. Based on these results, SOF/LDV had been reimbursed for treating patients with HCV‐2 infection since Oct 2018 in Taiwan. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of SOF/LDV for HCV‐2 infected patients. A total of 298 HCV‐2 infected patients without decompensated cirrhosis who received SOF/LDV for 12 weeks in Chia‐Yi Christian Hospital between January 2019 and December 2019 were retrospectively enrolled in this study. The effectiveness was defined as SVR at 12 weeks off treatment (SVR12). The SVR12 rates of different categorical patients were also assessed. Adverse effects, laboratory abnormalities, and evolution of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were evaluated. The SVR12 rate of SOF/LDV for 12 weeks in HCV‐2 infected patient without decompensated cirrhosis was 98.3% (293/298, 95% CI: 96.1%‐99.3%) and 99.3% (293/295, 95% CI: 97.6%‐99.8%) in intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analysis, respectively. None had premature discontinuity of drugs induced by serious adverse effect in our study. The worsening of eGFR from baseline to 12 weeks off treatment was found in CKD‐staged 1 patients with a quadratic trend. SOF in combination with ledipasvir (SOF/LDV) for 12 weeks could provide good SVR12 rate with good tolerability for HCV‐2 infected patients without decompensated cirrhosis.
Katalysatorkontrollierte regiodivergente C‐H‐Alkinylierung von Thiophenen**
Authors: Mondal Arup , van Gemmeren Manuel 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAlkine sind aufgrund ihres Vorkommens in Naturstoffen und bioaktiven Molekülen sowie ihrer vielseitigen Verwendbarkeit in einer Fülle anschließender Umwandlungen ein hochattraktives Motiv in der organischen Synthese. Ein übliches Verfahren zur Einführung von Alkinen in (Hetero‐)Arenen wie den hier behandelten Thiophenen beruht auf deren Halogenierung, gefolgt von einer Sonogashira‐Kreuzkupplung. Die Regioselektivität dieser Methode hängt ausschließlich vom Halogenierungsschritt ab. Zudem wurden direkte Alkinylierungen von Thiophenen beschrieben, die den gleichen Regioselektivitätsmustern folgen. Wir berichten hier von der Entwicklung einer Palladium‐katalysierten C‐H‐Aktivierung/Alkinylierung von Thiophenen. Die Methode lässt sich auf ein breites Spektrum an Thiophensubstraten anwenden. Bei 3‐substituierten Substraten, wo die Kontrolle der Regioselektivität zwischen der C2‐ und der C5‐Position besonders schwierig ist, ermöglichen zwei Sätze von Reaktionsbedingungen eine regiodivergente Reaktion und somit den selektiven Zugang zum jeweiligen Regioisomer. Beide Vorschriften verwenden das Thiophen als limitierendes Reagenz und zeigen ein breites Substratspektrum, wodurch sich unsere Methode zur Modifizierung fortgeschrittener Syntheseintermediate eignet.
Improvement of melt stability and degradation efficiency of poly (lactic acid) by using phosphite
Authors: Sirisinha Kalyanee , Samana Klanarong 
Published: October 2020

AbstractConcurrent improvement of melt processing stability and degradation efficiency of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is still a challenge for the industry. This article presents the use of phosphites: tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite (TNPP) and tris (2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenyl) phosphite (TDBP), to control the thermal stabilization, mechanical performance, and hydrolytic degradation ability of the compressed PLA films. The hydrolysis process is followed as a function of time at 45, 60, and 75°C. During melt extrusion, both phosphites function as a processing aid, besides acting as a chain extender stabilizing the PLA molecular weight. The phosphite structure plays a crucial role over crystallinity and water absorption, in controlling the hydrolytic degradation of PLA. The application of TNPP significantly catalyzes the hydrolysis of PLA, which is the initial step of the biodegradation process. The optimum amount of TNPP for best hydrolytic degradation efficiency and thermal stabilization of PLA is 0.5 wt%. The excessive TNPP loadings cause a drastic drop in PLA molecular weight and, as a consequence, a reduction of flexural strength. The reactions between PLA and phosphite molecules are discussed.
Effects of hygrothermal aging on the thermomechanical properties of a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy sheet molding compound: An experimental research
Authors: Zulueta Kepa , Burgoa Aizeti , Martínez Iñaki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCarbon fiber sheet molding compounds (C‐SMCs) are discontinuous fiber reinforced composite materials. Among them, epoxy‐based C‐SMCs are becoming relevant materials due to their high thermomechanical performance and better formability than continuous fiber reinforced composites. The thermomechanical performance of epoxy resins and epoxy based continuous carbon fiber composites have shown to be influenced by hygrothermal aging. In this work, this influence is studied for an epoxy‐based C‐SMC. Epoxy‐based C‐SMC samples were hygrothermally aged by means of accelerated conditioning, exposing them to 65% relative humidity, and 80°C in a climatic chamber. The equilibrium moisture content, as well as the moisture diffusion coefficient has been determined. The thermomechanical properties of epoxy C‐SMC have been analyzed by dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile, 3‐point bending, and short beam tests in dry and aged samples. The results showed that epoxy C‐SMC is affected by hygrothermal aging in the cases of moisture intake and its effects on Tg value, but interestingly, the hygrothermal aging did not generate any degradation effects in the mechanical response of epoxy C‐SMC.
Exploring the Relationship between Prosodic Control and Social Competence in Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Scheerer Nichole E. , Jones Jeffery A. , Iarocci Grace 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction. Speech is an important form of social communication. Prosody (e.g. vocal pitch, rhythm, etc.), one aspect of the speech signal, is crucial for ensuring information about the emotionality, excitability, and intent of the speaker, is accurately expressed. The objective of this study was to gain a better understanding of how auditory information is used to regulate speech prosody in autistic and non‐autistic children, while exploring the relationship between the prosodic control of speech and social competence. Eighty autistic (M = 8.48 years, SD = 2.55) and non‐autistic (M = 7.36 years, SD = 2.51) participants produced vocalizations while exposed to unaltered and frequency altered auditory feedback. The parent‐report Multidimensional Social Competence Scale was used to assess social competence, while the Autism‐Spectrum Quotient and the Autism Spectrum Rating Scales were used to assess autism characteristics. Results indicate that vocal response magnitudes and vocal variability were similar across autistic and non‐autistic children. However, autistic children produced significantly faster responses to the auditory feedback manipulation. Hierarchical multiple regressions indicated that these faster responses were significantly associated with poorer parent‐rated social competence and higher autism characteristics. These findings suggest that prosodic speech production differences are present in at least a subgroup of autistic children. These results represent a key step in understanding how atypicalities in the mechanisms supporting speech production may manifest in social‐communication deficits, as well as broader social competence, and vice versa. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1880‐1892. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLCLay SummaryIn this study, autistic and non‐autistic children produced vowel sounds while listening to themselves through headphones. When the children heard their vocal pitch shifted upward or downward, they compensated by shifting their vocal pitch in the opposite direction. Interestingly, autistic children were faster to correct for the perceived vowel sound changes than their typically developing peers. Faster responses in the children with ASD were linked to poorer ratings of their social abilities by their parent. These results suggest that autistic and non‐autistic children show differences in how quickly they control their speech, and these differences may be related to the social challenges experienced by autistic children.