bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective cohort study of risk factors for choroidal detachment after trabeculectomy
Authors: Iwasaki Kentaro , Kakimoto Hiroshi , Arimura Shogo , Takamura Yoshihiro , Inatani Masaru 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate risk factors for choroidal detachment after trabeculectomy.

Methods
We prospectively evaluated 97 patients with open-angle glaucoma who underwent primary trabeculectomy to investigate risk factors for choroidal detachment after trabeculectomy. The primary outcome measure was risk factors for the occurrence and severity of choroidal detachment after trabeculectomy. Choroidal detachment severity was quantified as the number of fundus quadrants with choroidal detachment.

Results
Sixteen patients (16.5%) had choroidal detachment. Mean period between surgery and occurrence of choroidal detachment was 7.9 ± 5.7 days. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) on the first day of choroidal detachment was 6.1 ± 3.0 mm Hg. Multivariable analyses revealed that the exfoliation glaucoma, greater ΔIOP between preoperative and lowest postoperative IOPs, and thicker cornea were associated with choroidal detachment (P = 0.022, P = 0.002, and P = 0.013, respectively). These factors were also associated with the severity of choroidal detachment (exfoliation glaucoma; P = 0.013, greater ΔIOP; P < 0.001, and thicker cornea; P = 0.006).

Conclusions
Exfoliation glaucoma, more IOP reduction, and thicker cornea are associated with the occurrence and severity of choroidal detachment after trabeculectomy.
Urban–Rural Disparities in Informal Care Intensity of Adult Daughters and Daughters-in-Law for Elderly Parents from 1993–2015: Evidence from a National Study in China
Authors: Wang Yi , Li Jiajia , Zhang Nan , Ding Lulu , Feng Yuejing , Tang Xue , Sun Long , Zhou Chengchao 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe Chinese population is ageing and the burden of caregiving for elderly on society is getting heavier. With formal long-term care system underdeveloped, informal care provided by family members remains the predominant form of care provision in China. Urban and rural caregivers may face different situations in their informal caring roles due to China’s strict household registration system (hukou). There are few studies focusing on rural–urban disparities in elderly care from the perspective of female caregivers. We usedhukoustatus rather than living location to distinguish urban and rural, and the informal care was divided into low-intensity and high-intensity in our study. We used repeated cross-sectional data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Multinomial logistic regressions and Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition techniques were used to explore the urban–rural disparities. We found that respondents with urbanhukouwere around 30% more likely to provide informal care than those with ruralhukou, and the relative risk ratios value for both low (RRR = 1.29) and high (RRR = 1.30) intensity care were significantly at 5% level. The results of the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition showed that the mean difference of informal care time between urban and rural was 3.11. Among them, education attainment can explain 25.10% of the total difference between urban and rural and was the largest contributor to the overall gap. Long-term care system in China should be established and improved, and policies should focus more on the most vulnerable groups such as ruralhukouholders and the less-educated.
Working everywhere and every time?—Chances and risks in crowdworking and crowdsourcing work design
Authors: Schulte Julian , Schlicher Katharina D. , Maier Günter W. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis article of the journal Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation (GIO) deals with the question how work and organizational psychology can contribute to a better understanding of work design in crowdwork. Over the last decade, crowdsourcing (CS) has gained much momentum and attention, yet people who use CS as an additional or exclusive source of income are experiencing less consideration overall. Therefore, we define the term crowdwork (CW), and delimit it from related concepts, e.g., CS and gig economy. We then address how work and organizational psychology theory can contribute to the research of CW, with a focus on work design, and where new approaches are necessary. We give an overview of current research in this field, and derive suggestions and recommendations for both further research approaches and also practical application of work design in CW.
Operationalizing a Framework for Assessing the Enabling Environment for Community Forest Enterprises: A Case Study from Nepal
Authors: Sharma Bishnu Prasad , Lawry Steven , Paudel Naya Sharma , McLain Rebecca , Adhikary Anukram , Banjade Mani Ram 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate how Baynes et al.’s (Glob Environ Change 35:226–238, 2015. 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.09.011) framework can be operationalized as a tool for identifying potential intervention points for supporting the tenure and governance-enabling environment for CFEs. We do so by applying the framework to a sample of CFUG-managed CFEs in Nepal to see how they measure up as a group with respect to the five success factors. Our study suggests that for CFEs to thrive, they will require policy and legal frameworks that devolve commercial harvesting rights to economically valuable products, and provision of processing locations and licensing practices that are not overly restrictive. The findings will be useful not only for Nepal, but for many other countries dependent on forests for their economic development and whose inhabitants rely on forests for their livelihoods.
Mitigating the impacts of air pollutants in Nepal and climate co-benefits: a scenario-based approach
Authors: Nakarmi Amrit M. , Sharma Bikash , Rajbhandari Utsav S. , Prajapati Anita , Malley Christopher S. , Kuylenstierna Johan C. I. , Vallack Harry W. , Henze Daven K. , Panday Arnico 
Published: January 2020

AbstractShort-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) including black carbon (BC), methane (CH4), and tropospheric ozone (O3) are major climate forcers after carbon dioxide (CO2). These SLCPs also have detrimental impacts on human health and agriculture. Studies show that the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region, which includes Nepal, has been experiencing the impacts of these pollutants in addition to greenhouse gases. In this study, we derive a national-level emission inventory for SLCPs, CO2, and air pollutants for Nepal and project their impacts under reference (REF) and mitigation policy (POL) scenarios. The impacts on human health, agriculture, and climate were then estimated by applying the following: (1) adjoint coefficients from the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)-chemical transport model that quantify the sensitivity of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and surface O3concentrations in Nepal, and radiative forcing in four latitudinal bands, to emissions in 2 × 2.5° grids, and (2) concentration–response functions to estimate health and crop loss impacts in Nepal. With the mitigating measures undertaken, emission reductions of about 78% each of BC and CH4and 87% of PM2.5could be achieved in 2050 compared with the REF scenario. This would lead to an estimated avoidance of 29,000 lives lost and 1.7 million tonnes of crop loss while bringing an economic benefit in present value of 2.7 times more than the total cost incurred in its implementation during the whole period 2010–2050. The results provide useful policy insights and pathways for evidence-based decision-making in the design and effective implementation of SLCP mitigation measures in Nepal.
SEOM clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer (GC) and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJA) (2019)
Authors: Martín-Richard M. , Carmona-Bayonas A. , Custodio Ana. B. , Gallego J. , Jiménez-Fonseca P. , Reina J. J. , Richart P. , Rivera F. , Alsina M. , Sastre J. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide with a varied geographic distribution and an aggressive behavior. In Spain, it represents the sixth cause of cancer death. In Western countries, the incidence is decreasing slightly, with an increase in gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJA), a different entity that we separate specifically in the guideline. Molecular biology advances have been done recently, but do not yet lead to the choice in treatment approach except in advanced disease with overexpression of HER2. Endoscopic resection in very early stage, perioperative chemotherapy in locally advanced tumors and preliminary immune therapy resulting in advanced disease are the main treatment innovations in the GC/GEJA treatment. We describe the different evidences and recommendations following the statements of the American College of Physicians.
Aging Successfully: Possible in Principle? Possible for all? Desirable for all?
Authors: Wahl Hans-Werner 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe human lifespan is constantly increasing across the world. Therefore, the question whether aging can take a “successful” route likely never has been as up-to-date as today. Still, gerontology continues to struggle with the concept of successful aging. In part I of this work, I outline six models of successful aging currently most discussed in aging science. Next, I compare the models according to four indicator domains: Psychologically oriented, socially oriented, bio-physical functioning oriented, and other. In part II, I address three key questions related to successful aging: Is successful aging possible in principle? Is it possible for all? Is it desirable for all? Regarding the first question, the conclusion based on empirical data is that across all models except the biological model aging successfully is possible in principle. Hence, I answer this question with a “YES, BUT.” Successful aging at the bio-level so far seems very limited. In terms of question 2, expecting largely increasing portions of older adults fulfilling various of the so far established criteria of aging successfully in the future seem overly optimistic. Hence, I answer this question with “NO.” For question 3, I critique the at first glance obvious persuasiveness of successful aging as a generally to be achieved end state. For example, it may be that norms of successful aging undermine old age’s cultural richness in the future. Hence, I answer this question with “NOT SURE.”
Relationship between decreased cerebral blood flow and amnesia after microsurgery for anterior communicating artery aneurysm
Authors: Mugikura Shunji , Mori Naoko , Kikuchi Hirokazu , Mori Etsuro , Takahashi Shoki , Takase Kei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective
Postoperative amnesia after surgery for anterior communicating artery aneurysm might be associated with the damage of the basal forebrain. Our purpose was to verify whether decreased regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in basal forebrain could be related to the degree of postoperative amnesia.

Methods
Regional voxel rCBF data analyzed using three-dimensional stereotactic surface projection on 123I-IMP-SPECT were compared between ten patients with postoperative amnesia and 13 normal subjects. The Severity (average Z score of the voxels with a Z score that exceeds a threshold value of 2) was calculated. The cerebral lobes with rCBF exhibiting Severity > 2 in all patients were identified. In these lobes, we then examined whether there was a gyrus exhibiting Severity that was negatively related to memory quotients (MQs).

Results
In the right subcallosal gyrus, there was a significant negative correlation between Severity and visual MQ (ρ= −  0.884, p = 0.0007) or general MQ (ρ =− 0.853, p = 0.0017). In the right anterior cingulate gyrus, there was a significant negative correlation between Severity and verbal MQ (ρ = − 0.769, p = 0.0092). In the right rectal gyrus, there was a significant negative correlation between Severity and general MQ (ρ =  −  0.811, p = 0.0044). No significant correlations were found between Severity in other brain regions and verbal, visual, or general MQ.

Conclusions
The decreased rCBF in the subcallosal gyrus included in the basal forebrain, anterior cingulate gyrus, and the rectal gyrus in the right hemisphere was related to postoperative amnesia.
An Example on s-H-Convexity in $$\pmb {\mathbb {C}^2}$$
Authors: Simon Lars , Stensønes Berit 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe construct a bounded domain $$\Omega $$
Ω
in $$\mathbb {C}^2$$

C

2

with boundary of class $${\mathcal {C}^{1,1}}$$

C

1
,
1

such that $$\overline{\Omega }$$

Ω
¯

has a Stein neighborhood basis, but is nots-H-convex for any real number $$s\ge {1}$$

s
≥
1

.
Screening for ovarian cancer: is there still hope?
Authors: Aust Stefanie , Seebacher-Shariat Veronika 
Published: January 2020

SummaryMainly diagnosed at advanced stage, ovarian cancer still remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Regarding screening and early detection, ovarian cancer poses particular challenges. To date, no screening test has been proven capable of leading to a mortality benefit. In this short review, we summarize and discuss the underlying literature on screening for ovarian cancer, focusing on average-risk, asymptomatic women as well as women at high risk. We also discuss the continuous advances and limits in liquid biopsies for early detection and screening of ovarian cancer.
Experimental and numerical study on the influence of the laser hybrid parameters in partial penetration welding on the solidification cracking in the weld root
Authors: Bakir Nasim , Üstündağ Ömer , Gumenyuk Andrey , Rethmeier Michael 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of the laser hybrid welding parameters on the solidification cracks in the weld root for partial penetration welding. Welding trials were performed on thick-walled high-strength steels of grade S690QL under the same critical restraint intensity, with a variation of the welding velocity, wire feeding rate, and the focal position of the laser beam. It was ascertained that the welding velocity has a high impact on the solidification cracking phenomenon. A decrease in the welding speed leads to a reduction of the number of cracks in the weld root. The arc power has also a slight influence on the solidification cracking, while the change of the focal position of the laser beam shows also a remarkable effect. Besides, numerical simulation was performed to understand the thermomechanical behavior of the welds for different welding parameters to assist the interpretation of the experimental results.
Drying-Mediated Self-Assembly of Graphene for Inkjet Printing of High-Rate Micro-supercapacitors
Authors: Sollami Delekta Szymon , Laurila Mika-Matti , Mäntysalo Matti , Li Jiantong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractScalable fabrication of high-rate micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) is highly desired for on-chip integration of energy storage components. By virtue of the special self-assembly behavior of 2D materials during drying thin films of their liquid dispersion, a new inkjet printing technique of passivated graphene micro-flakes is developed to directly print MSCs with 3D networked porous microstructure. The presence of macroscale through-thickness pores provides fast ion transport pathways and improves the rate capability of the devices even with solid-state electrolytes. During multiple-pass printing, the porous microstructure effectively absorbs the successively printed inks, allowing full printing of 3D structured MSCs comprising multiple vertically stacked cycles of current collectors, electrodes, and sold-state electrolytes. The all-solid-state heterogeneous 3D MSCs exhibit excellent vertical scalability and high areal energy density and power density, evidently outperforming the MSCs fabricated through general printing techniques.
Highly Dispersed RuOOH Nanoparticles on Silica Spheres: An Efficient Photothermal Catalyst for Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol
Authors: Wei Qilin , Guzman Kiersten G. , Dai Xinyan , Attanayake Nuwan H. , Strongin Daniel R. , Sun Yugang 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPhotothermal catalysis represents a promising strategy to utilize the renewable energy source (e.g., solar energy) to drive chemical reactions more efficiently. Successful and efficient photothermal catalysis relies on the availability of ideal photothermal catalysts, which can provide both large areas of catalytically active surface and strong light absorption power simultaneously. Such duplex requirements of a photothermal catalyst exhibit opposing dependence on the size of the catalyst nanoparticles, i.e., smaller size is beneficial for achieving higher surface area and more active surface, whereas larger size favors the light absorption in the nanoparticles. In this article, we report the synthesis of ultrafine RuOOH nanoparticles with a size of 2–3 nm uniformly dispersed on the surfaces of silica (SiOx) nanospheres of hundreds of nanometers in size to tackle this challenge of forming an ideal photothermal catalyst. The ultrasmall RuOOH nanoparticles exhibit a large surface area as well as the ability to activate adsorbed molecular oxygen. The SiOx nanospheres exhibit strong surface light scattering resonances to enhance the light absorption power of the small RuOOH nanoparticles anchored on the SiOx surface. Therefore, the RuOOH/SiOx composite particles represent a new class of efficient photothermal catalysts with a photothermal energy conversion efficiency of 92.5% for selective aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzylaldehyde under ambient conditions.
The Role of Primary Austenite Morphology in Hypoeutectic Compacted Graphite Iron Alloys
Authors: Hernando Juan Carlos , Elfsberg Jessica , Ghassemali Ehsan , Dahle Arne K. , Diószegi Attila 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThis work investigates the role of primary austenite morphology on the eutectic and eutectoid microstructures and the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) in a hypoeutectic compacted graphite iron (CGI) alloy. The morphology of primary austenite is modified by isothermal coarsening experiments in which holding times up to 60 min are applied to the solid–liquid region after coherency. The cooling conditions for the subsequent eutectic and eutectoid reactions are similar. Miniaturized tensile tests are performed to evaluate the UTS. The morphological characteristics related to the surface area of primary austenite, the modulus of primary austenite,$$ {M}_{\upgamma} $$Mγ, and the hydraulic diameter of the interdendritic region,$$ {D}_{\text{ID}}^{\text{Hyd}} $$DIDHyd, increase with the cube root of coarsening time. The eutectic and eutectoid microstructures are not significantly affected by the morphology of primary austenite, thus indicating that the morphology of the interdendritic regions does not control the nucleation frequency and growth of eutectic cells or graphite. UTS decreases linearly with the increasing coarseness of primary austenite for similar eutectic and eutectoid microstructures, demonstrating the strong influence of primary austenite morphology on the UTS in hypoeutectic CGI alloys.
Bildungssprache in Elternhaus und Schule
Authors: Steinig Wolfgang 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungIn sozial differenzierten Familienwelten herrschen charakteristische Erziehungsmethoden, in denen Kinder sprachlich differente Gesprächsmodi entwickeln. Gegenüber familialer Kommunikation ist die Kommunikation im Unterricht deutlich rigider und bietet für Kinder aus ressourcenarmen und bildungsfernen Familien wenig Möglichkeiten, eine bildungssprachlich angemessene Ebene zu finden, um fachliche Gespräche zu führen. Um die Defizite unterrichtlicher Kommunikation zu mindern und die Chancen zu erhöhen, mangelnde bildungssprachliche Kompetenzen zu kompensieren, werden didaktische Vorschläge gemacht.
Verhältnis- und verhaltenspräventives Gestalten dialogisch-interaktiver Erwerbsarbeit
Authors: Hacker Winfried , Steputat-Rätze Anne , Pietrzyk Ulrike 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag skizziert die Anforderungsbesonderheiten von dialogisch-interaktiver Erwerbsarbeit, d. h. von klientenverändernden, klientenbeeinflussenden und klientenbezogenen Arbeitstätigkeiten. Möglichkeiten zum verhältnis- und verhaltenspräventiven Gestalten von Interaktionsarbeit im Dienstleistungsbereich werden skizziert. Hierzu werden Beispiele aus der Kranken- und Seniorenpflege, der Bildung sowie dem Einzel- und Großhandel referiert. Die dargestellten Beispiele zeigen Möglichkeiten der Verhältnisprävention (Primat der Verhältnisgestaltung) bei dialogisch-interaktiver Dienstleistungsarbeit. Die Bedeutung der Integration der Befähigung zu präventiver Arbeitsgestaltung in die berufliche Aus- und Weiterbildung wird betont.Praktische Relevanz Arbeitsgestaltung mit dem Ziel der Verhütung von Gefährdungen ist auch in Humandienstleistungstätigkeiten unerlässlich. Für die hohe Zahl der Beschäftigten, die betreuende, ausbildende, pflegerische, therapeutische oder beratende/verkaufende Tätigkeiten ausüben, ist eine präventive Gestaltung der Arbeit erforderlich, um Fehlbeanspruchungen zu vermeiden. Die Arbeit kann sowohl verhältnis-(bedingungs-) als auch verhaltensbezogen präventiv gestaltet werden, wobei der Verhältnisprävention der Vorrang zu geben ist. Der Beitrag führt Beispiele aus der verhältnis- und verhaltensbezogenen Prävention an und benennt dafür nutzbare Verfahren und Vorgehensweisen.
Die Hausaufgabenvergabe im Unterricht: Eine Beobachtungsstudie an Grundschulen
Authors: Kohler Britta 
Published: January 2020

ZusammenfassungDie Ausgestaltung der unterrichtlichen Hausaufgabenvergabe erscheint für das Gelingen der Hausaufgabenbearbeitung zentral. Sie wird vor allem wegen ihrer zeitlichen Platzierung im Unterrichtsverlauf und der damit einhergehenden Kürze und Hast seit Jahrzehnten kritisiert. Gleichzeitig stellt sie, insbesondere für die Grundschule, ein Forschungsdesiderat dar. Erstmals wurde deshalb die Hausaufgabenvergabe in 373 Unterrichtsstunden an 68 Grundschulen beobachtet und dokumentiert. Es zeigte sich einerseits eine Vielgestaltigkeit der Hausaufgabenvergabe und andererseits erwies sich die genannte Kritik als weiterhin berechtigt. Neben der im Unterrichtsverlauf späten Platzierung fiel insbesondere die geringe Zahl an differenzierten Aufgaben sowie Schülerfragen auf.
The recent advances in the mathematical modelling of human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Wadkin L. E. , Orozco-Fuentes S. , Neganova I. , Lako M. , Shukurov A. , Parker N. G. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cells hold great promise for developments in regenerative medicine and drug design. The mathematical modelling of stem cells and their properties is necessary to understand and quantify key behaviours and develop non-invasive prognostic modelling tools to assist in the optimisation of laboratory experiments. Here, the recent advances in the mathematical modelling of hPSCs are discussed, including cell kinematics, cell proliferation and colony formation, and pluripotency and differentiation.