bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Effect on the Mental Health of Doctors in India
Authors: Nair Amritha , Menon Jagadeesh , Rammohan Ashwin , Hakeem Abdul R. , Cherukuri Sathya D. , Reddy Mettu S. , Rela Mohamed 
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives: For doctors at the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic, failure to acknowledge and act on the warning signs of stress can adversely affect their professional, social and personal life. We conducted a nationwide survey of a large sample of Indian doctors to measure levels of perceived stress, identify risk factors for severe stress and assess their response to current issues related to the safety and well-being of the community.
Methods: An online survey using Google forms was conducted between 1st May 2020 and 15th May 2020. The core component of the survey was the standardized Perceived Stress Scale answered on a Likert scale.
Results: Out of 520 responders, 394 (76%) were under 45 years of age 101 (19%) were between 18-30 years and 37 (7%) were above 60 years. 312(60%) were male doctors and 203 (40%) were female doctors. 90% of respondents had a post-graduate degree, 48(9%) had undergraduate degree and 168(32%) had super specialty degree. 313 (60.2%) of the respondents were practising in the private sector, 169 (33%) worked in public sector hospitals and 32(7%) in charitable hospitals. 109 (21%) had low stress, while 371 (71%) and 40 (8%) reported moderate and severe stress respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed the female gender, being financially insecure and ICU a place of work as independent risk factors for severe stress.
Conclusion: This is the first such survey done in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic from the Indian sub-continent and has identified factors that have the potential to adversely impact the mental health of doctors. These findings are applicable to many countries in Asia and Africa with similar healthcare systems and can act as a valuable guide for authorities to establish support systems at multiple levels for these “COVID Warriors”.
Effects of Tillage System and Cultivation Year on Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Capacity of Durum Wheat under Rainfed Conditions
Authors: Chaieb Nadia , Labidi Sonia , Ayed Sourour , Mdellel Lassaad , Chiab Abdelkarim , Jeddi Faysal Ben , Hammouda Moncef Ben- 
Published: December 2020

One of the proposed solutions to face climate change impact and to maintain food production sustainability is conservation agriculture. This study tries to determinate the effect of conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT) on secondary metabolites such as total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC) and antioxidants capacity (DPPH %) in relation to natural mycorrhization of durum wheat during the tillering stage for three cultivation years. The experiment was conducted in a referential farm (Krib, Siliana, North West Tunisia). The results showed that TPC, TFC and DPPH% were not influenced by tillage system (T). However, cultivation year (Y) had a significant effect on the studied parameters independently of tillage system. In addition, for the first cultivation year, tillage system (T) had significantly influenced the mycorrhization rate (MR%) and NT presented the highest mycorrhization rate (24%). DPPH% showed high significant positive correlations with MR% and TPC. For partial correlation based on Tillage system, high positive correlations were noted between DPPH%, MR% and TPC. Considering the partial correlation based on cultivation year, only a significant positive correlation between TPC and TFC was observed. In conclusion, durum wheat quality was not affected by tillage system and there are not reasons against no tillage adoption in this region for a sustainable wheat production.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Physiological, Nutrient Uptake, Root and Yield Parameters of Transplanted Lowland Rice
Authors: Ajaykumar R. , Sivakumar S. D. 
Published: December 2020

Rice is an important cultivated food crop which feeds more than half of the world's population. Even though the area under rice cultivation is large, the productivity is low due to various interaction factors. The imbalance in usage of fertilizers is one of the main factors responsible for the low productivity and also the continuous use of inorganic fertilizers resulted in declining of soil fertility. An integrated nutrient management practices may be necessary to maintain the sustainability in crop production. Field experiment was conducted at wetland farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during kharif season to study the effect of integrated nutrient management practices on growth, physiological, nutrient uptake, root characters and yield parameters of transplanted lowland rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and nine treatments. Rice CO(R) 48 was used as a test variety. Dhaincha, vermicompost, farmyard manure were incorporated before transplanting of rice as per treatment schedule. The results revealed growth parameters (Plant height and number of tillers hill-1), physiological parameters (leaf area index and crop growth rate), nutrient uptake (N, P and K uptake), root characters (root length, root volume and root dry weight) and yield parameters (Number of productive tillers m-2 and Dry Matter Production) were significantly influenced with application of 100 % NPK through inorganic fertilizers + 6.25 t dhaincha which was comparable with 100 per cent NPK through inorganic fertilizers + 5 t vermicompost and 100 per cent NPK through inorganic fertilizers + 12.5t farmyard manure. This was followed by 100 per cent N through dhaincha + balance P & K through inorganic fertilizers.
Knowledge of Malaria and Utilization of Its Preventive Measures among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at a Tertiary Hospital in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Awoyesuku P. A. , Ohaka C. , Ngeri B. 
Published: December 2020

Background: Prevention of malaria is a major priority for the roll back malaria partnership which recommends three-pronged approach for reducing the burden of malaria among pregnant women. The WHO framework for malaria prevention during pregnancy in areas of stable malaria transmission recommends IPT, use of ITN, and case management of malaria illness.
Objective: This study sought to determine the knowledge of malaria and its preventive measures among pregnant women, assess their utilization of malaria preventive measures and attitude to treatment. To ascertain whether there exists any relationship between their knowledge and practice of prevention.
Methodology: An institutional based, cross-sectional study was carried out. 385 consenting participants, between 18-48 years, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of malaria and its preventive measures, use of IPT and ownership/use of ITN, and attitude to treatment were recorded. Data were entered into Excel spreadsheet and analyzed with SPSS version 20. Associations between different variables were determined using Fisher’s exact test or Chi-square test, as appropriate, and logistic regression used to test statistical significance at P<0.05.
Results: Of the 385 women, 307 (79.7%) had excellent (18.7%) and good (61%) knowledge, while 78 (20.3%) had average (16.6%) and poor (3.6%) knowledge. There was no difference in association of Knowledge with age, marital status, education, occupation, and parity. Of the 385 women, 61.3% were using IPT for chemoprophylaxis, 66.2% were using insecticide spray or repellants and 71.4% owned mosquito net; of these, 84% owned insecticide treated nets, but only 65.8% were using it in this current pregnancy. Reasons for not using nets ranged from unavailable 49.0%, discomfort due to heat 32.9%, fear of suffocation 6.9%, Spouse’s disapproval 3.9% and 1.0% ineffective. There was statistically significant difference between knowledge and use of IPT, ITN and insecticide sprays.
Conclusion: There was adequate knowledge of malaria in pregnancy and its preventive measures, but utilization of these measures needs improvement. Efforts should be made to address barriers to utilization.
Risk Categorization of Diabetic Foot in Patients with Type-II Diabetes and Relationship of Various Risk Factors with Risk Categories of Diabetic Foot
Authors: Shaikh Samiullah , Ameer Asif , Saifullah Shaikh 
Published: December 2020

Background: Diabetes is the leading cause of nontraumatic amputation. Foot screening which detects and stratification of diabetics which are at the risk of developing diabetic foot ulcer is the simple and useful part of this model of care.
Aims: Primary Aim: To stratify patients with type II diabetes into different risk categories of diabetic foot as per International Diabetic Federation guidelines.
Secondary Aim: To determine the relationship of various risk factors with risk categories of diabetic foot.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro / Hyderabad from February 2019 to August 2020.
Methodology: This study included 117 consecutive patients with confirmed diagnosis of Type-II diabetes of either sex ≥ 18 years of age.
Patients fulfilling above criteria were included in study. Feet were thoroughly examined for neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, infections, ulcers and osteoarthropathy. All the data was recorded on proforma. Patients having normal protective sensations were put in low risk (category 0), those having loss of protective sensations in moderate risk (category 1), those having loss of protective sensations with either high pressure or poor circulation or structural foot deformities or onychomycosis in high risk (category 2) and those having past history of ulceration, amputation or neuropathic fracture were put in very high risk (category 3). Data was analyzed by using SPSS version. 20.
Results: Total 117 patients of diabetic foot ulcer were studied, their mean age was 52.28±9.26 years, diabetic duration 10.21±8.10 years and mean HbA1c level was 10.07±1.96 mmol/l. Male were in majority 52.1%. Ulceration history was in 18.8% cases, amputation history was in 7.7% cases, 46 patients (39.3%) had risk category 1. A strong relationship was found between risk categories and age, sex, duration of diabetes, HBA1c.
Conclusion: This study revealed that 33 (28%) patients attending the diabetic clinic were at high risk of developing diabetic ulcer.
Critical Factors for Metformin Osmotic Controlled Release Pump
Authors: Mirna García-Flores , María Melgoza-Contreras Luz , Efrén Hernández-Baltazar 
Published: December 2020

Aim: Studied the critical factors in the design of an osmotic pump with metformin release rate constant at 4%/hr in diabetes mellitus within 24 hr. with the goal to reduce daily medications.
Study Design: Experimental design 32
Methodology: In vitro drug release profiles for 24h. The effects of different formulation variables, that is, concentration of hydrophilic polymer, diameter of drug releasing orifice and coating thickness, on the drug release profile were investigated. Also, the impact of pH, osmotic pressure and morphology with stereo microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy of the osmotic pumps were investigated. At last, osmotic pumps surface was analyze with scanning electronic microscopy.
Results: Metformin osmotic pump were successfully prepared in this study to overcome the weak point of multiple doses and great concentration fluctuation of metformin. The formulation determined finally have a release orifice of 700 mm and 3.0% of weight gain, achieved the desired effect which can realize the constant drug release rate at the first 24 hr.
Conclusion: The developed osmotic systems have a linear release near 4%/hr. and demonstrated that the behavior was independent of the agitation intensity and the pH of the gastrointestinal apparatus.
Improved Antiglioblastoma Activity and BBB Permeability by Conjugation of Paclitaxel to a Cell‐Penetrative MMP‐2‐Cleavable Peptide
Authors: Hua Dan , Tang Lida , Wang Weiting , Tang Shengan , Yu Lin , Zhou Xuexia , Wang Qian , Sun Cuiyun , Shi Cuijuan , Luo Wenjun , Jiang Zhendong , Li Huining , Yu Shizhu 
Published: December 2020

AbstractIn order to solve the problems of receptor promiscuity and poor blood‐brain barrier (BBB) penetration in the treatment of glioblastomas (GBM), a novel dual‐functional nanocomplex drug delivery system is developed based on the strategy of peptide‐drug conjugates. In this study, SynB3‐PVGLIG‐PTX is designed and screened out by matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2), to which it exhibits the best affinity. The MMP‐2‐sensitive peptide (PVGLIG) and a cell‐penetration peptide (SynB3) are combined to form a dual‐functional peptide. Moreover, as a drug‐peptide nanocomplex, SynB3‐PVGLIG‐PTX exhibited a high potential to form an aggregation with good solubility that can release paclitaxel (PTX) through the cleavage of MMP‐2. From a functional perspective, it is found that SynB3‐PVGLIG‐PTX can specifically inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM cells in vitro in the presence of MMP‐2, in contrast to that observed in MMP‐2 siRNA transfected cells. Further investigation in vivo shows that SynB3‐PVGLIG‐PTX easily enters the brain of U87MG xenograft nude mice and can generate a better suppressive effect on GBM through a controlled release of PTX from SynB3‐PVGLIG‐PTX compared with PTX and temozolomide. Thus, it is proposed that SynB3‐PVGLIG‐PTX can be used as a novel drug‐loading delivery system to treat GBM due to its specificity and BBB permeability.
Direct Quantification of Heat Generation Due to Inelastic Scattering of Electrons Using a Nanocalorimeter
Authors: Park Joonsuk , Bae Kiho , Kim Taeho Roy , Perez Christopher , Sood Aditya , Asheghi Mehdi , Goodson Kenneth E. , Park Woosung 
Published: December 2020

AbstractTransmission electron microscopy (TEM) is arguably the most important tool for atomic‐scale material characterization. A significant portion of the energy of transmitted electrons is transferred to the material under study through inelastic scattering, causing inadvertent damage via ionization, radiolysis, and heating. In particular, heat generation complicates TEM observations as the local temperature can affect material properties. Here, the heat generation due to electron irradiation is quantified using both top‐down and bottom‐up approaches: direct temperature measurements using nanowatt calorimeters as well as the quantification of energy loss due to inelastic scattering events using electron energy loss spectroscopy. Combining both techniques, a microscopic model is developed for beam‐induced heating and to identify the primary electron‐to‐heat conversion mechanism to be associated with valence electrons. Building on these results, the model provides guidelines to estimate temperature rise for general materials with reasonable accuracy. This study extends the ability to quantify thermal impact on materials down to the atomic scale.
Facile Multicomponent Polymerization and Postpolymerization Modification via an Effective Meldrum's Acid‐Based Three‐Component Reaction
Authors: Meng Qing‐Yong , Gao Fan , Mosad Smaher , Zhang Ze , You Ye‐Zi , Hong Chun‐Yan 
Published: December 2020

AbstractProviding access to highly diverse polymer structures by multicomponent reactions is highly desirable; efficient Meldrum's acid‐based multicomponent reactions, however, have been rarely highlighted in polymer chemistry. Here, the three‐component reaction of Meldrum's acid, indole, and aldehyde is introduced into polymer synthesis. Direct multicomponent polymerization of Meldrum's acid, dialdehyde, and diindole can perform under mild conditions, resulting in complex Meldrum's acid‐containing polymers with well‐defined structures, and high molecular weights. Additionally, nearly quantitative postpolymerization modification can also perform via this Meldrum's acid‐based multicomponent reaction. These results indicate that Meldrum's acid‐based multicomponent reaction will be a potential tool to prepare novel polymers.
Perceptions of Sex Offenders’ Partners: Associated with Perceptions of Offenders and Influenced by Attachment
Authors: Martens Jason P. , Stewart Jessica L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Little research exists on how partners of sex offenders are perceived. Using attachment theory, we hypothesised that one's attachment would generalise to perceptions of sexual offenders and their partners. One hundred and six British adults’ attachment styles were assessed, as well as perceptions of sex offenders and their partners. Generally, perceivers’ attachment avoidance was associated with positive perceptions of both partners and offenders, while attachment anxiety was associated with negative perceptions of partners but positive perceptions of sex offenders. Perceptions of sex offenders and their partners were highly correlated and negative in nature, and sex offenders were more negatively perceived.
Simultaneous cardiac and pulmonary central cyanosis in a young girl: the double trouble
Authors: Bansal Raghav , Talwar Sachin , Ramakrishnan Sivasubramanian 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA 14-year-old girl admitted for corrective surgery for tetralogy of Fallot was found to have pulmonary arteriovenous malformations on pre-operative evaluation. In anticipation of a complicated postoperative course, percutaneous closure of the pulmonary arteriovenous malformations was undertaken first followed by a successful surgical outcome. Importance of this rare association and its clinical implication is hereby highlighted.
Evaluating Resistance toward Muslim American Political Integration
Authors: Calfano Brian R. , Lajevardi Nazita , Michelson Melissa R. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractMuslims in the United States are often constructed as anti-American and are perceived to have little engagement with politics. Moreover, Arab and Muslim identity is often conflated in the public mind. In this note, we introduce results from a randomized survey experiment conducted in three states with varying Muslim populations—Ohio, California, and Michigan—to assess how trustworthy respondents rate a local community leader calling for unity when that individual signals themselves to be an Arab, Muslim, or Arab Muslim, as opposed to when they do not signal their background. Across the board, and in each state, respondents rate the community leader as less trustworthy when he is identified as Muslim American or as Arab Muslim, but not when he is identified as Arab. These results suggest that the public does not conflate these two identities and that Muslims are evaluated more negatively than Arabs, even when hearing about their prosocial democratic behavior.
Violence d’une mort chronométrée : les soignants face au prélèvement multi-organes après limitation et arrêt des thérapeutiques
Authors: Rechtman Louise 
Published: December 2020

L’accompagnement de fin de vie en réanimation pédiatrique dans le contexte d’un prélèvement multi-organes (PMO) du type Maastricht 3 a la particularité d’être une mort protocolisée et chronométrée auprès d’une famille déjà connue et investie par le service. À partir du cas clinique d’un enfant dont les parents ont accepté le PMO après une limitation et arrêt des thérapeutiques (LAT), nous analyserons le vécu généré dans le service.Afin d’interroger la violence véhiculée par cette situation, nous reviendrons sur les rituels autour de la mort dans un service de réanimation et verrons comment l’urgence du prélèvement peut mettre à mal des pratiques symboliques importantes.Ainsi, si le discours scientifique, médical et législatif peut clairement exposer la complexité de la situation et définir spécifiquement le moment où survient le décès, cela semble plus complexe à verbaliser au niveau de l’expérience subjective. Cette confusion dans la possibilité de nommer ce qui est vécu génère une forme « d’inquiétante étrangeté ». Afin de pouvoir travailler auprès de cette clinique de l’indicible, il est nécessaire de pouvoir mettre en mots ces pratiques.
Human Milk Expression, Storage, and Transport by Women Whose Infants Are Inpatients at a Tertiary Neonatal Unit in Melbourne, Australia
Authors: Rodrigo Ranmali , Amir Lisa H. , Forster Della A. , McEgan Kerri , Opie Gillian 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Expression and storage of mothers' own milk at home and its transportation to hospital neonatal units are a common practice worldwide when newborns are inpatients. Studies assessing adherence to hospital protocols and guidelines for this are not widely published.

Purpose:
To explore the advice received and practices followed by mothers when expressing, storing, and transporting their milk from home to the hospital, with a substudy exploring the factors related to temperature maintenance of refrigerated milk at recommended values.

Methods:
Cross-sectional descriptive study at the neonatal intensive care unit of Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Australia. Mothers who were discharged home after birth of the infant, but whose infant(s) remained in the neonatal unit for 7 days or more participated. All participants completed a self-administered questionnaire. In the substudy, home refrigerator temperature and surface temperature of milk on arrival to the hospital were recorded.

Results:
The questionnaire was completed by 100 mothers; 38 participated in the substudy. Median travel time from home to the hospital was 32 minutes (range, 2-135 minutes). Lactation consultants were the largest group providing information, with 44 participants (45%) identifying them as the primary information source. Knowledge about recommended refrigerator storage times for expressed milk was correct in 53 mothers (54%). Coolness of milk was better maintained when transported in an insulated food container than nonuse (surface temperature: mean 9.1°C vs 12.2°C; P = .007). Distance and travel duration were not correlated with temperature.

Implications for Practice:
More diligent monitoring of conditions under which mothers' own milk is transported to hospital is required, and the use of an insulated food container for refrigerated/frozen milk, even for a short duration, should be strongly recommended. Staff to be trained and better equipped to provide uniform, concise information on expressed human milk management to mothers.

Implications for Research:
Further research to correlate factors associated with transporting human milk expressed at home and infant health outcome is needed.