bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future Changes in the Hydrologic Cycle Associated with Flood-Producing Storms in California
Authors: Dougherty Erin , Sherman Erin , Rasmussen Kristen L. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractCalifornia receives much of its precipitation from cool-season atmospheric rivers, which contribute to water resources and flooding. In winter 2017, a large number of atmospheric rivers caused anomalous winter precipitation, near-saturated soils, and a partial melting of snowpack, which led to excessive runoff that damaged the emergency spillway of the Oroville Dam. Given the positive and negative impacts ARs have in California, it is necessary to understand how they will change in a future climate. While prior studies have examined future changes in the frequency of atmospheric rivers impacting the West Coast of the United States, these studies primarily use coarse global climate models that are unable to resolve the complex terrain of this region. Such a limitation is overcome by using a high-resolution convection-permitting regional climate model, which resolves complex topography and orographic rainfall processes that are the main drivers of heavy precipitation in landfalling atmospheric rivers. This high-resolution model is used to examine changes to precipitation and runoff in California’s cool season from 2002 to 2013, particularly in flood-producing storms associated with atmospheric rivers, in a future, warmer climate using a pseudo–global warming approach. In 45 flood-producing storms, precipitation and runoff increase by 21%–26% and 15%–34%, respectively, while SWE decreases by 32%–90%, with the greatest changes at mid-elevations. These trends are consistent with future precipitation changes during the entire cool season. Results suggest more intense floods and less snowpack available for water resources in the future, which should be carefully considered in California’s future water management plans.
The Contribution of High-Frequency Wind-Generated Surface Waves to the Stokes Drift
Authors: Lenain Luc , Pizzo Nick 
Published: September 2020

AbstractThe effects of nonbreaking surface waves on upper-ocean dynamics enter the wave-averaged primitive equations through the Stokes drift. Through the resulting upper-ocean dynamics, Stokes drift is a catalyst for the fluxes of heat and trace gases between the atmosphere and ocean. However, estimates of the Stokes drift rely crucially on properly resolving the wave spectrum. In this paper, using state-of-the-art spatial measurements (in situ and airborne remote sensing) from a number of different field campaigns, with environmental conditions ranging from 2 to 13 m s−1wind speed and significant wave height of up to 4 m, we characterize the properties of the surface wave field across the equilibrium and saturation ranges and provide a simple parameterization of the transition between the two regimes that can easily be implemented in numerical wave models. We quantify the error associated with instrument measurement limitations, or incomplete numerical parameterizations, and propose forms for the continuation of these spectra to properly estimate the Stokes drift. Depending on the instrument and the sea state, predictions of surface Stokes drift may be underestimated by more than 50%.
Faster Return to Intended Oncologic Treatment (RIOT) After Trisectionectomy Does Not Translate to Better Outcomes
Authors: Baimas-George Maria , Watson Michael , Pickens Ryan C. , Sulzer Jesse , Murphy Keith J. , Ocuin Lee , Baker Erin , Martinie John , Iannitti David , Vrochides Dionisios 
Published: September 2020

Background Resection with trisectionectomy may necessitate liver molding for adequate future liver remnant (FLR), and subsequent complications can impact return to intended oncologic therapy (RIOT). This study evaluated whether a difference in RIOT exists with the use of molding and between liver molding techniques (associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy [ALPPS] and portal vein embolization [PVE]) with trisectionectomy. Methods A retrospective review evaluated trisectionectomies for malignancy. Outcomes were compared with and without molding, and RIOT was determined. Results Fifty-one patients underwent trisectionectomy: 11 ALPPS, 14 PVE, 26 without molding. 73% of ALPPS, 64% of PVE, and 58% without molding achieved RIOT ( P = .971). There were no differences found in baseline characteristics, R0 rate, length of stay, readmission, complications, or mortality. Time to RIOT was significantly different (ALPPS: 3.3 months; PVE: 5.2 months; none: 2.4 months, P = .0203). There were no differences in recurrence or survival. Conclusions Liver molding should not cause apprehension as there are no differences in achieving RIOT. Although technique alters time to RIOT, this does not translate into improved outcomes, implicating disease biology, and regeneration stimulus.
Discovery of microRNA expression profiles involved in regulating TGF-β2 expression in the tears of dry eye patients
Authors: Wang Qing , Xie Xiangrong , Li Huilin , Hao Shaofeng 
Published: September 2020

Background To date, the difference in microRNA expression profiles in tears of dry eye patients and healthy people has not been reported. In current study, we evaluated the significance of microRNAs and transforming growth factor beta2 (TGF-β2) in distinguishing dry eye. Methods A total of 138 patients with dry eye from October 2017 to October 2018 were selected. During the same period, 138 healthy persons were collected. All patients were followed up for 12 months through outpatient, telephone or medical records and the time of corneal injury was recorded. Results Compared with healthy people, TGF-β2 concentrations in dry eye patients were significantly decreased ( P <  0.05). Array analysis, predictive software and dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-450b-5p, miR-1283 and miR-3671 can target TGF-β2 expression. Tear miR-450b-5p, miR-1283 and miR-3671 concentrations were significantly higher in dry eye patients than healthy people. A logistic regression model combining miR-450b-5p, miR-1283, miR-3671 and TGF-β2 was performed. This model presented a high discriminating value (AUC: 0.907, 0.876–0.939, P <  0.001) than any single indicator, and the sensitivity and specificity were 77.7% and 92.7%, respectively. Compared with the low miR-450b-5p, low miR-1283, low miR-3671 and high TGF-β2 groups, the high miR-450b-5p, high miR-1283, high miR-3671 and low TGF-β2 groups had a significantly higher probability of corneal injury (TGF-β2: χ2 = 5.762, P = 0.016; miR-450b-5p: χ2 = 13.267, P <  0.001; miR-1283: χ2 = 19.431, P <  0.001; miR-3671: χ2 = 8.131, P = 0.004). Conclusion Current model combining tear miR-450b-5p, miR-1283, miR-3671 and TGF-β2 had important values in the identification of dry eye and was of great value in evaluating the risk of corneal injury.
Establishing reference intervals for triglyceride-containing lipoprotein subfraction metabolites measured using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a UK population
Authors: Joshi Roshni , Wannamethee Goya , Engmann Jorgen , Gaunt Tom , Lawlor Deborah A , Price Jackie , Papacosta Olia , Shah Tina , Tillin Therese , Whincup Peter , Chaturvedi Nishi , Kivimaki Mika , Kuh Diana , Kumari Meena , Hughes Alun D , Casas Juan P , Humphries Steve E , Hingorani Aroon D , Schmidt A Floriaan ,   on behalf of the UCLEB Consortium
Published: September 2020

Background Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy allows triglycerides to be subclassified into 14 different classes based on particle size and lipid content. We recently showed that these subfractions have differential associations with cardiovascular disease events. Here we report the distributions and define reference interval ranges for 14 triglyceride-containing lipoprotein subfraction metabolites. Methods Lipoprotein subfractions using the Nightingale NMR platform were measured in 9073 participants from four cohort studies contributing to the UCL-Edinburgh-Bristol consortium. The distribution of each metabolite was assessed, and reference interval ranges were calculated for a disease-free population, by sex and age group (<55, 55–65, >65 years), and in a subgroup population of participants with cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes. We also determined the distribution across body mass index and smoking status. Results The largest reference interval range was observed in the medium very-low density lipoprotein subclass (2.5th 97.5th percentile; 0.08 to 0.68 mmol/L). The reference intervals were comparable among male and female participants, with the exception of triglyceride in high-density lipoprotein. Triglyceride subfraction concentrations in very-low density lipoprotein, intermediate-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein subclasses increased with increasing age and increasing body mass index. Triglyceride subfraction concentrations were significantly higher in ever smokers compared to never smokers, among those with clinical chemistry measured total triglyceride greater than 1.7 mmol/L, and in those with cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes as compared to disease-free subjects. Conclusion This is the first study to establish reference interval ranges for 14 triglyceride-containing lipoprotein subfractions in samples from the general population measured using the nuclear magnetic resonance platform. The utility of nuclear magnetic resonance lipid measures may lead to greater insights for the role of triglyceride in cardiovascular disease, emphasizing the importance of appropriate reference interval ranges for future clinical decision making.
Clinical utilization of dried blood spot nitisinone (NTBC) and succinylacetone (SA) concentrations in hereditary tyrosinaemia type 1 – A UK centre experience
Authors: Yeo Mildrid , Turner Charles , Dalton Neil R , Rahman Yusof , Vara Roshni 
Published: September 2020

Background Dried blood spot monitoring of nitisinone and succinylacetone in hereditary tyrosinaemia type 1 patients is not widely available in the United Kingdom. Currently, biochemical monitoring utilizes urinary succinylacetone, blood spot tyrosine and phenylalanine monitoring, which can lack in convenience and accuracy, respectively. Methods We report the development of a dried blood spot assay for nitisinone and succinylacetone and analysed retrospective clinical and biochemical data for hereditary tyrosinaemia type 1 patients from a single UK centre. Results A total of 13 hereditary tyrosinaemia type 1 patients were evaluated. Eleven presented with liver dysfunction (two with associated renal tubulopathy) and two were detected by early sibling screening. All patients (age 0.03–22 months) were commenced on a tyrosine-/phenylalanine-restricted diet and nitisinone at diagnosis. Ten patients were on twice daily dosing and three were on single daily dosing at the start of monitoring. One patient from each dosing group swapped between dosing regimens at 20 years of age and 8 months of age, respectively. A total of 684 dried blood spot samples were analysed; 80% of nitisinone concentrations were between 9.2 and 27  µmol/L when succinylacetone was <0.3  µmol/L. Patients on twice daily dosing regimens had significantly higher nitisinone concentration compared with those on once daily dosing ( P < 0.0001). The median dose required in the twice daily doing group was significantly lower when compared with once daily dosing. Conclusions Dried blood spot monitoring for nitisinone and succinylacetone concentrations in hereditary tyrosinaemia type 1 patients is a rapid and convenient method which allows physicians to individualize treatment plans and observe adherence to treatment.
Novel Recruitment Methods for Research Among Young Adults in Rural Areas Who Use Opioids: Cookouts, Coupons, and Community-Based Staff
Authors: Young April M. , Ballard April M. , Cooper Hannah L.F. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives Rural communities in the United States are increasingly becoming epicenters of substance use and related harms. However, best practices for recruiting rural people who use drugs (PWUD) for epidemiologic research are unknown, because such strategies were developed in cities. This study explores the feasibility of web- and community-based strategies to recruit rural, young adult PWUD into epidemiologic research. Materials and Methods We recruited PWUD from rural Kentucky to participate in a web-based survey about opioid use using web-based peer referral and community-based strategies, including cookouts, flyers, street outreach, and invitations to PWUD enrolled in a concurrent substance use study. Staff members labeled recruitment materials with unique codes to enable tracking. We assessed eligibility and fraud through online eligibility screening and a fraud detection algorithm, respectively. Eligibility criteria included being aged 18-35, recently using opioids to get high, and residing in the study area. Results Recruitment yielded 410 complete screening entries, of which 234 were eligible and 151 provided complete, nonfraudulent surveys (ie, surveys that passed a fraud-detection algorithm designed to identify duplicate, nonlocal, and/or bot-generated entries). Cookouts and subsequent web-based peer referrals accounted for the highest proportion of screening entries (37.1%, n = 152), but only 29.6% (n = 45) of entries from cookouts and subsequent web-based peer referrals resulted in eligible, nonfraudulent surveys. Recruitment and subsequent web-based peer referral from the concurrent study yielded the second most screening entries (27.8%, n = 114), 77.2% (n = 88) of which resulted in valid surveys. Other recruitment strategies combined to yield 35.1% (n = 144) of screening entries and 11.9% (n = 18) of valid surveys. Conclusions Web-based methods need to be complemented by context-tailored, street-outreach activities to recruit rural PWUD.
Performance of Dual-Source CT in Calculi Component Analysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 2151 Calculi
Authors: Yu Juan , Zhou Qingchun , Lin Fan , Cui Enming , Zhang Han-wen , Lei Yi , Luo Liangping 
Published: September 2020

Objective: To evaluate the performance of dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) in the component analysis of all types of calculi by doing a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and CNKI up to February 28, 2020, for in vivo studies investigating the performance of DSCT in the component analysis of calculi. We pooled the sensitivity, specificity, and areas under the summary receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves using a random-effect model in the meta-analysis. Publication bias was evaluated using Deek’s funnel plot asymmetry test. Results: This analysis included a total of 37 studies in 1840 patients with 2151 calculi (462 uric acid [UA], 1383 calcium oxalate [CaOx], 55 cystine [Cys], 197 hydroxyapatite [HA], and 54 struvite [SV]). Using DSCT, the pooled accuracy for diagnosing UA (sensitivity, 0.95; specificity, 0.99), CaOx (0.98; 0.93), Cys (0.99; 0.99), HA (0.91; 0.99), and SV (0.42; 0.98) was calculated, respectively. The AUROC value was 0.99, 0.99, 1.00, 0.99, and 0.93, respectively. The P values for publication bias test were .49, .70, .07, .04, and .19, respectively. Conclusion: Dual-source computed tomography has high sensitivity and specificity for the component analysis of UA, CaOx, Cys, and HA calculi in vivo. This tool may have the potential to replace the current analysis tool in vitro in diagnosing calculi.
Flipping the Passive Radiology Elective by Including Active Learning
Authors: Wu Yuhao , Theoret Christina , Burbridge Brent Edward 
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Exposure to radiology in undergraduate medical education is often restricted by other curriculum demands. Designing an effective radiology elective for medical students who choose to supplement their education can be challenging as it is often a passive observership-style elective. In this study, we examined the impact of incorporating an online learning platform and electronic book into radiology electives to stimulate active learning. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 23 students who pursued a 2-week diagnostic radiology elective at our institution. Their radiology knowledge prior to the elective was assessed using 2 pretests. Students had opportunities to work with radiologists to review clinical imaging, attend academic rounds, and learn from the online learning resources. Their knowledge after the elective was assessed by readministering the 2 tests as “posttests.” Students also ranked their perception of the elective experience and educational resources on a Likert scale from 1 to 5. Results: There were statistically significant increases of 13.4% ( P < .0001) in mean test 1 scores and 6.8% in mean test 2 scores ( P = .001). Students also had favorable perceptions of the radiology elective experience and rated the electronic book (median score: 5 of 5) and online learning platform (4.5 of 5) as valuable educational resources. Conclusion: The implementation of an electronic book and online learning platform improved knowledge in radiology and resulted in positive student perceptions of the elective experience. This supports the use of online resources to facilitate independent self-learning for future radiology electives.
Medical Malpractice Claims Involving Physicians in the Intensive Care Unit: A Cohort Study
Authors: Myers Laura C. 
Published: September 2020

Background: The intensive care unit (ICU) is a fast-paced setting, in which physicians from different specialties work. The goal of this study is to understand whether characteristics of medical malpractice claims occurring in the ICU differ by physician specialty. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed using a national database called the Comparative Benchmarking System, which is operated by Harvard’s malpractice insurer. Claims were included if the harm events occurred in the ICU and closed between 2007-2016. Claims were analyzed according to physician specialty of the “primary responsible provider,” which was the physician most directly involved in the harm event. Patient-, provider- and claim-level characteristics were compared among the 6 most common physician specialties that were identified as “primary responsible provider.” Multivariable regression was performed to identify factors associated with claim payment. Results: Of 54,772 claims, 1,113 resulted from harm events in the ICU, of which 843 involved the following physician specialties: internal medicine (305), cardiology (163), pulmonary medicine (149), general surgery (98), neurology (97) and anesthesia (31). The minority of claims across physician specialties originated in academic medical centers (<30%). The most common severity of harm was death (Range 42-72%, P = 0.0001). The frequency with which claims involved procedures varied by physician specialty (Range 24-84%, P < 0.0001). The 3 most common contributing factors (patient assessment, selection/management of therapies and communication among providers) did not differ by physician specialty. In multivariable regression, claims that were procedure-related were statistically more likely to result in payment (Odds Ratio 2.29, 95% Confidence Interval 1.64-3.20), after adjusting for physician specialty. Conclusions: There were few unexpected differences in malpractice claims occurring in the ICU by physician specialty. Prevention efforts could focus on procedures, regardless of physician specialty, including: 1) maintaining procedural skills, 2) framing procedural risks well and 3) accurately describing procedural complications after they happen.
Significant Publications on Infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy in 2019
Authors: Hendrickson Joshua A. , Spitznogle Sarah L. , Gonzales-Luna Anne J. , Babic Jessica T. , Britt Rachel S. , Knight Joshua M. , Pham Selena N. , McDaneld Patrick M. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose To provide a summary of the most prominent peer-reviewed infectious diseases (ID) pharmacotherapy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-related articles published in 2019. Summary Houston Infectious Diseases Network (HIDN) members were asked to nominate articles that they believed were most influential within the ID and HIV pharmacotherapy science communities. A total of 48 general ID and 6 HIV-related articles were nominated. Following nominations, an online survey was distributed via e-mail to Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP) members, with a total of 156 and 54 members voting for general ID and HIV-related articles, respectively. The results of this survey were ranked to determine the top 10 general ID and top HIV articles. The top articles were then summarized by HIDN members, including residents, fellows, and clinical pharmacists. Conclusion This review covers many of the most influential ID articles published in 2019, including 3 practice guideline updates. Due to the high rate of ID literature published each year, this review continues to help summarize these articles for the ID community, allowing clinicians to remain up-to-date on practice-changing publications in ID and HIV pharmacotherapy.
Rapid Electronic Capturing of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Older Adults With End-Stage Renal Disease: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Gabbard Jennifer , McLouth Christopher J. , Brenes Gretchen , Claudel Sophie , Ongchuan Samantha , Burkart John , Pajewski Nicholas , Callahan Kathryn E. , Williamson Jeff D. , Murea Mariana 
Published: September 2020

Background: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have a high burden of physical and psychological symptoms. Many remain unrecognized for long periods of time, particularly in older adults. The best strategy to monitor patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) has not been identified. Objective: To assess the feasibility of implementing an iPad-based symptom assessment tool in older adults with ESRD on hemodialysis (HD). Methods: We designed an iPad application-delivery system for collecting electronic PROMs (ePROMs). Patient’s ≥60 years of age with ESRD on HD were recruited from a single outpatient dialysis unit. Feasibility was evaluated based on recruitment, retention, and the system usability score (SUS). Assessments were completed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months after enrollment. ANOVA was used to assess longitudinal symptom variability. Results: Twenty-two patients (49% recruitment rate) were enrolled, with an 82% retention at 6 months. Mean age was 69.4 years (SD 6.6), 63.6% were female, and 81.8% were African American. Participants reported minimal difficulty in using the app, with an overall SUS score of 77.6. There were no significant relationships between demographic characteristics (age, race, or education) and SUS. Baseline SF-12 physical score and SF-12 mental score were 40.4 (SD 9.1) and 33.9 (SD 6.7), respectively. No significant changes were seen in longitudinal ePROMs of pain, depression, or anxiety; but was seen in the dialysis symptom index. Conclusion: In older patients with ESRD, collection of iPad-based ePROMs is feasible. This process can overcome inefficiencies associated with paper questionnaires and enable systematic monitoring of symptom burden.