bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient CSP Model Checking for Symbolic State-space Exploration&nbsp;with Application in Bacterial Chemo-Taxis Modelings
Authors: GUO Jing 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Event locality is a class of theory that can clearly minimizes the memory and time required to store the state space. We present the multi-way decision diagrams to encode the next-state functions based on event locality and CSP’s stable failure. Instead of studying symbolic overall model, we apply the above thinking to the set of sub-models. Furthermore, we focus on saturation algorithms for CSP theory. And the algorithms consist of two phases, the universal process’s saturation checking and the single CSP symbol’s saturation checking. In the former case, the algorithms discuss better iteration strategy and recursive local fifix-point computations. In the latter case, the the single CSP symbol’s saturation checking calls the former algorithms, being combined preformed events and refusal events. Finally, we discuss bacterial chemotaxis modeled in CSP’s framework and saturation checking used to check the predefifined properties. The all algorithms are implemented in CSP tool FDR, the running results show that our algorithms often perform signifificantly faster than other conventional algorithms.
MiR-365-3p is Involved in IL17-Mediated Asthma in Mouse Model
Authors: Wang Weijia , Li Ying , Qu Xiaoyan , Shang Dong , Qin Qiaohong , Hamid Qutayba , Dang Xiaomin , Chang Ying 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
BACKGROUND The IL-17 superfamily, which mediates cross-talk between the adaptive and innate immune systems, has been associated with severity of asthma. The role of miRNAs in the disease has been paid much attention. To explore the roles of IL-17 in asthma and the relationship between IL-17 and miRNAs, we used a model of severe asthma driven by chronic respiratory exposure to house dust mite (HDM) exposure in wild type and IL-17KO mice, followed with miRNA profiling assays and analysis.METHODS Male and female C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks old) and IL-17KO mice (C57BL/6 background) were exposed to purified HDM extract intranasally for 5 days/week for 5 consecutive weeks. Sterile saline was used as the control. The parameters including airway responsiveness, inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), airway smooth muscle bundle, collagen deposition, and cytokine levels in BALF were examined. The miRNA profile of mouse lung tissue was analyzed by microarray assays. The dysregulation of miRNA related to IL-17 and asthma was validated by qRT-PCR. The in vitro cell culture experiment was performed to confirm the relationship between IL-17 and selected miRNA. The regulation of miRNA on predicted target gene was validated by administration of miRNA mimics. RESULTS The expression of IL-17A significantly increased in wild type (WT) mice with HDM exposure compared to the control mice. IL-17 deficiency did not reduce airway hyper responsiveness (AHR) induced by HDM exposure. In comparison to HDM-exposed WT mice, BALF neutrophils in IL-17KO mice were significantly decreased. In WT mice, HDM exposure led to increased expression of IL-4 and KC, which was significantly decreased in IL-17KO mice. Furthermore, under HDM exposure, significantly less airway smooth muscle mass and collagen deposition was found in IL-17KO mice compared to WT mice. In the dysregulated miRNAs, the decreased expression of miR-365-3p in HDM-exposed WT mice was validated, and its expression recovered in IL-17KO mice. Furthermore, miR-365-3p was decreased in mouse alveolar epithelial cells by IL-17 treatment. The transfection of miR-365-3p mimics decreased the expression of predicted target gene ARRB2.
Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroids on Hospitalized Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations: A Retrospective, Multicenter, Propensity Score-Matched Study in China
Authors: Li Kang , Tao Ningning , Pan Mingming , Liu Jingjing , Pan Ting , Fan Guoqing , Cao Yang , Zhu Jie , Liu Ye , Guo Yanfei , Wang Dandan , Sun Tieying 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Exacerbations are important events when managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) because they negatively impact disease progression. Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) usage in patients with COPD is controversial. Therefore, we reviewed the benefits and risks of regular ICS treatment in patients with COPD regarding hospitalized acute exacerbation.Methods: This retrospective multicenter study—conducted in 18 medical centers across China—included 1,862 participants from 34 hospitals in northern China. Baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and administered medicines in the last year were matched using 1:1 propensity score-matching. We reviewed electronic patient medical records to ascertain symptoms, tests, in-hospital treatment, and prognosis. Subsequently, we reviewed computed tomography imaging results and pathogen identification tests.Results: Patients who used ICS in the past year presented more severe respiratory symptoms during acute exacerbations of COPD but less frequent right heart failure or consciousness disturbance. More antibiotics were used during hospitalization, resulting in higher costs; however, their prognosis was not different from patients who did not use ICS. Additionally, although ICS usage could increase gram-negative bacilli in sputum smears, it did not increase the probability of pulmonary infection.Conclusions: ICS use could protect patients from right heart failure, without detrimentally affecting prognosis during hospitalized exacerbations. Therefore, the risk of cardiovascular disease should be taken into consideration when making decisions regarding the potential administration of ICS in patients with COPD.
SNRPD1 confers diagnostic and therapeutic values on breast cancers through cell cycle regulation
Authors: Dai Xiaofeng , Yu Lihui , Chen Xiao , Zhang Jianying 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
SNRPD1 is a spliceosome-associated protein and has previously been implicated with important roles in cancer development.
Methods
Through analyzing the differential expression patterns and clinical association of splicing associated genes among tumor and tumor adjacent samples across different tumors and among different breast cancer subtypes, we identify the tumor promotive role of SNRPD1 using multiple publicly available datasets. Through pathway, gene ontology enrichment analysis and network construction, we linked the onco-therapeutic role of SNRPD1 with cell cycle. Via a series of experimental studies including knockdown assay, qPCR, western blotting, cell cycle, drug response assay, we confirmed the higher expression of SNPRD1 at both gene and protein expression levels in triple negative breast cancer cells, as well as its roles in promoting cell cycle and chemotherapy response.
Results
Our study revealed that SNRPD1 over-expression was significantly associated with genes involved in cell cycle, cell mitosis and chromatin replication, and silencing SNRPD1 in breast cancer cells could lead to halted tumor cell growth and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 stage. We also found that triple negative breast cancer cells with reduced SNRPD1 expression gained reduced sensitivity to doxorubicin whereas luminal cancer cells did not.
Conclusions
Our results suggested the prognostic value of SNRPD1 on breast cancer survival, its potential as the therapeutic target halting cell cycle progression for breast cancer control, and warranted special attention on the combined use of doxorubicin and drugs targeting SNRPD1.
Video As An Effective Knowledge Transfer Tool to Increase Awareness Among Health Workers and Better Manage Dengue Fever Cases.
Authors: Dagenais Christian , Hébert Catherine , Ridde Valéry 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background context. For a patient with dengue fever, a wrong diagnosis can be fatal. Very few Burkinabé health workers are properly trained to diagnose and treat cases of dengue fever. Recent outbreaks of dengue fever in Burkina Faso, which is also carrying a significant malaria burden, have made updating health workers’ knowledge an urgent matter.Method. Following a trial to determine the most appropriate format, a video was specially developed as a knowledge translation tool to update health workers’ knowledge. We posted a training video online for front-line medical staff. In four months, it was viewed by 2,993 people. We conducted a qualitative evaluation using the theory of planned behaviour. Twenty interviews were conducted with health professionals who had viewed the video. A content analysis was performed.Results. The use of the knowledge contained in the video was mainly influenced by the fact that its format was adapted to the target audience, that it presented specific and concise information, that it conveyed a relevant message in everyday language, and that the context was one of urgency.Conclusion. The development of video as a knowledge translation tool is an effective and efficient way to update health workers’ knowledge and influence their practices. Users received the video enthusiastically because of the epidemic context.
Should the Diastatic Syndesmosis be Stabilized in Advanced Pronation-External Rotation Ankle Injuries? A Retrospective Cohort Comparison
Authors: Wu Chi-Chuan , Yeh Wen-Ling , Lee Po-Cheng , Chou Ying-Chao , Hsu Yung-Heng , Yu Yi-Hsun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Ankle injuries with the advanced pronation-external rotation (PE) type are relatively uncommon and the debate about whether the diastatic syndesmosis should be stabilized concomitantly has yet achieved a consensus. Comparison of using (Group 1) or non-using (Group 2) screw stabilization for the diastatic syndesmosis was performed retrospectively. Methods: With the 10-year period, 81 consecutive adult patients with advanced PE ankle injuries (stage 3 or 4 PE type) were treated. After malleolar fractures were internally stabilized with screws and plates, the syndesmotic stability was re-checked by external rotation and hook tests. The necessity of insertion of cortical screws to stabilize diastatic syndesmosis was decided by the individual orthopedic surgeon. The outcomes of both approaches were compared. Results: Seventy-one patients were followed for at least one year (87.7%; average, 2 years; range, 1-11 years). Group 1 had 22 patients and Group 2, 49 patients. The union rate in Group 1 was 100% (22 / 22) and in Group 2, 91.8% (45 / 49; p= 0.30). Syndesmosis re-diastasis occurred in 13.6% (3 / 22) of Group 1 and 30.6% (15 / 49) of Group 2 (p= 0.13). Satisfactory ankle function was noted in 86.4% (19 / 22) of Group 1 and 65.3% (32 / 49) of Group 2 (p= 0.07). Conclusion: Although clinical comparison cannot demonstrate statistical difference, screw stabilization of the diastatic syndesmosis may guarantee safer results. The statistical insignificance may be due to insufficient sample sizes. Clinically and theoretically, insertion of syndesmotic screws to promote ligament healing may be reasonable.
Gibberellins Regulate Lateral Root Development that is Associated with Auxin and Cell Wall Metabolisms in Cucumber
Authors: Cai Bingbing , Wang Ting , Sun Hong , Liu Cuimei , Chu Jinfang , Ren Zhonghai , LI QIANG 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Cucumber is an economically important crop cultivated worldwide. However, it is susceptible to various stresses due to weak and shallow root systems, limiting its productivity. Lateral roots (LRs) are critical for plant stress tolerance and productivity. Increasing evidence showed that gibberellins (GAs) play important roles, positively or negatively, in LR development in many plants. Therefore, it is of great importance for cucumber production to study the role of GAs in LR development. Results: The application of various concentrations of GA3 and uniconazole, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, on germinated cucumber seeds for 5 days showed that GAs regulated cucumber LR development in a concentration-dependent manner. 1 µM, 10 µM, 50 µM and 100 µM GA3 significantly increased secondary root length, tertiary root number and length. It is worthy note that 50 µM GA3 treatment showed strong effects in increasing root dry weight and the root/shoot dry weight ratio. Pairwise comparisons between GA3-treated roots and Control at 2, 3 and 5 days after germination (DAG) identified 417 down-regulated genes enriched for GA metabolism-related processes and 447 up-regulated genes enriched for cell wall metabolism-related processes in GA3-treated roots. Linear factorial modeling was also performed to systematically identify DEGs and a total of 3523 non-redundant DEGs were identified in our RNA-seq data. Of these, most of the genes involved in auxin and cell wall metabolisms were up-regulated in GA3-treated roots. Conclusions: GAs positively regulate LR development in cucumber putatively associated with enhanced IAA and cell wall metabolisms. Our findings not only shed light on LR regulation mediated by GA but also offer an important resource for functional studies of candidate genes putatively involved in the regulation of LR development in cucumber and other crops.
Prevalence of Scabies and Impetigo in School-Age Children in Timor-Leste
Authors: Matthews Alexander , Le Brandon , Amaral Salvador , Arkell Paul , Monteiro Merita , Clarke Naomi , Barros Terlinda , Mendonça Joaquim de Jesus , Gusmão Sonia Maria Exposto , Seixas Leonia Maria dos Reis , Piedade João Henrique Araújo da , Engelman Daniel , Steer Andrew C. , Fancourt Nicholas S. S. , Yan Jennifer , Kaldor John , Francis Joshua R. , Nery Susana Vaz 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background Scabies and impetigo are endemic in many tropical, low- and middle-income countries. With control strategies emerging based on mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin, there is a need for comprehensive data on the occurrence and risk factors of these conditions to guide interventions and enable their impact to be assessed. In 2019, Timor-Leste Ministry of Health planned to implement MDA including ivermectin for the control of lymphatic filariasis, so we undertook a baseline assessment of scabies and impetigo. Methods A cross-sectional school survey was conducted in April-May 2019 at six primary schools in a semi-urban (Dili) and two rural (Ermera and Manufahi) settings. Children under 19 years of age present at school on survey days were eligible to participate, of whom we enrolled 1183. Trained health workers interviewed and examined 1043 participants to clinically diagnose scabies using the 2020 International Alliance for the Control of Scabies (IACS) diagnostic criteria, as well as impetigo. Prevalence was adjusted for age and sex. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to analyse odds of scabies and impetigo infection accounting for clustering at school level. Population attributable risk of scabies as a cause of impetigo was also estimated. Results The overall weighted prevalence of scabies was 30.6%. Children in rural Manufahi were more likely to have scabies than those in semi-urban Dili (53.6% vs 28.2%, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.5). Most cases of scabies were mild (3 to 10 lesions), and distributed on more than one body region. Scabies prevalence was lower among 10 to 14 year olds compared to 5 to 9 year olds. Overall weighted prevalence of impetigo was 11.3%. Relative to Dili, children in rural Ermera and Manufahi were twice as likely to have impetigo. Impetigo was twice as common in children with scabies than in those without, corresponding to an attributable risk of scabies as a cause of impetigo of 22.7%. Conclusions Scabies and impetigo prevalence in Timor-Leste are among the highest reported globally, particularly in rural areas. Scabies infestation was strongly associated with impetigo. Comprehensive control strategies are urgently needed in Timor-Leste.
Infected Open Depressed Skull Fracture Complicated with Tetanus Grade I in an Unimmunized Child: A Rare Case Report with Literature Review
Authors: Lukmanul Dzulfikar , Faried Ahmad , Nurhadiya Adila , Laymena Ericko H. , Arifin Muhammad Z. , Imron Akhmad , Rachman Iwan A. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Tetanus is a rare disease caused by Clostridium tetani, which produces tetanolysin and tetanospasmin. In 2018, there were only approximately ten tetanus cases reported in Indonesia. Despite widespread vaccination, especially in low-middle income countries, tetanus still occurs (mostly in adult) due to the lack of immunization related to religious tenets, cultural belief or inaccesibility to medical care. In addition, tetanus in pediatric population shows features which are quite distinct from the adult group. Case Description: We reported a 7 year old girl that presented to our institution with a history of falling 10 days prior the admission, with only skin laceration of her forehead. Since one day prior to admission, the patient looked drowsy and difficult to be awakened, accompanied with stiffness of her jaw; we diagnosed as unimmunized child with open depressed skull fracture of her frontal bone and wound infection complicated with “lockjaw”. Perioperative management of that rare case is reported and discussed. Conclusion: This case is so exceptional, since the infected open depressed skull fracture complicated with trismus in an unimmunized child occurrence in our center is extremely rare; the pediatric intensive care of such patients requires halting further toxin production, neutralisation of circulating toxin and control of the clinical manifestation induced by the toxin that has already gained access to the central nervous system. The basic tents of anaesthetic care in such case had to well managed and planned prior the surgery.
Submarine Terraces Reveal Late Quaternary Tectonic Deformation in the Intermediate Zone Between the Island Shelf and Rift Zone of the Middle Part of the Nanseishoto Islands
Authors: Goto Hideaki 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Late Quaternary tectonic deformation of coastal areas is usually examined based on the height distribution of paleo-shorelines observed on marine terraces. However, it is difficult to examine deformation along the subduction zone, in which small, isolated islands are distributed. In this paper, we focus on the widespread shallow submarine terraces surrounding the Iheya-Izena islands in the middle part of the Nanseishoto islands, where crustal deformation is not known. The islands are located in the intermediate zone between island shelf uplifted during the Late Quaternary and the rift zone occurred to the northwest, along the Okinawa trough.Detailed topographic anaglyph images and maps of the islands were produced using a digital elevation model (DEM) of the seafloor, which is stored by the Japan Coast Gard (JCG) and the Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (AIST). Topographic anaglyph images enabled us to identify the widespread distribution and deformation of the shallow seafloor above −200 m using red-cyan glasses.Four terrace-like features divided by small steps were found on the shallow seafloor, which are named T1, T2, T3, and T4, in descending order. Topographic expressions of paleo-shoreline depths are preserved on submarine terraces formed during the last glacial period. The paleo-shoreline depths of terraces T2 and T3 are −60 m and −70 m on the west side and −70 m and −80 m, respectively, on the east side of Iheyajima island; this indicates southeastward tilting. The tilting ratio of T2 and T3 was calculated to approximately 1‰. The tilting rate is approximately 1×10^4/kyr, assuming that the T2 was formed in 10–11 kyr. This is much more rapid than that of the last inter-glacial marine terraces in the Muroto peninsula, with a tilting rate of 4×10^5/kyr, which formed by steep northward tilting against the Nankai subduction zone. We suggest that this phenomenon is not related to mega-thrusting along the subduction zone, but rather to local deformation, probably caused by the reverse faulting of nearby active submarine faults along the west side of the islands.
Development of Multivalent Nanobodies Blocking SARS CoV 2 Infection by Targeting RBD of Spike Protein
Authors: Lu Qizhong , Zhang Zongliang , Li Hexian , Zhong Kunhong , Zhao Qin , Wang Zeng , Wu Zhiguo , Yang Donghui , Sun Shuang , Yang Nian , Zheng Meijun , Zhao Shasha , Long Cheng , Guo Wenhao , Yang Hui , Nie Chunlai , Tong Aiping 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: The outbreak and pandemic of coronavirus SARS CoV 2 caused significant threaten to global public health and economic consequences. It is extremely urgent that global people must take actions to develop safe and effective preventions and therapeutics. Nanobodies, which are derived from single‑chain camelid antibodies, had shown antiviral properties in various challenge viruses. In this study, multivalent nanobodies with high affinity blocking SARS CoV 2 spike interaction with ACE2 protein were developed.Results: Totally, four specific nanobodies against spike protein and its RBD domain were screened from a naïve VHH library. Among them, Nb91 hFc and Nb3 hFc demonstrated antiviral activity by neutralizing spike pseudotyped viruses in vitro. Subsequently, multivalent nanobodies were constructed to improve the neutralizing capacity. As a result, heterodimer nanobody Nb91 Nb3 hFc exhibited the strongest RBD binding affinity and neutralizing ability against SARS CoV 2 pseudoviruses with an IC50 value at approximately 1.54 nM. Conclusions: The present study indicated that naïve VHH library could be used as a potential resource for rapid acquisition and exploitation of antiviral nanobodies. Heterodimer nanobody Nb91 Nb3 hFc may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of COVID 19.
Dual energy spectral CT imaging of pulmonary embolism with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children
Authors: Yang Lixin , Sun Jihang , Li Jiangying , Yu Tong , Wang Bei , Peng Yun 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children has already attracted more attention. We aimed to evaluate the application of dual-energy spectral CT in diagnosing PE in children with MPP.Methods: Eight-three children with MPP and highly suspected PE, underwent CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) with spectral imaging mode. Noise, clot-to-artery contrast-to-noise ratio, image quality and diagnosis confidence were calculated and assessed on nine monochromatic image sets (40 to 80keV). CTPA images were observed for the presence, localization, and embolic degrees of PE. Emboli were divided between intra and extra-consolidation. For extra-consolidation clots, iodine concentration (IC) of perfusion defects and normal lung, perfusion defects of 4 children before and after the treatment were measured and compared. For intra-consolidation clots, IC of consolidation areas with clots and consolidation areas without clot were measured and compared.Results: The optimal energy level for detecting PE in children was 55 keV. 116 clots (29 extra consolidations) were found in 25 children, IC of defect regions associated with PE was 0.69±0.28mg/mL (extra-consolidations) and 0.90±0.23mg/mL (intra-consolidations), both significantly lower than the 2.76±0.45mg/mL in normal lungs and 10.25±1.76mg/mL in consolidations without clots (P<0.001). Significant difference was found in the presence or absence of perfusion defects between occlusive clots and nonocclusive clots(P<0.001). IC of the perfusion defects significantly increased after treatment (P<0.001).Conclusions: In spectral CTPA 55 keV images optimize PE detection for children. and MD images quantify pulmonary blood flow of PE, and may help to detect small clots and quantify embolic degrees.