bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The incidence and risk factors of neovascular glaucoma secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy after vitrectomy
Authors: Sun Difang , Lin Yifan , Zeng Rui , Yang Zhenlan , Deng Xiaowen , Lan Yuqing 
Published: December 2020

Objective: The incidence and risk factors of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) secondary proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) are unclear and reports in the published literature are inconsistent. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to clarify the risk factors associated with neovascular glaucoma. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library were systematically searched without language limitations for studies related to NVG after PPV in PDR patients. We used R software to fit the correlation between incidence and the date of publication for studies and performed a Spearman analysis. For binary and continuous variables, the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled, respectively, using Review Manager 5.3 (The Cochrane Collaboration). Results: Twenty-six studies with 5161 patients were included in our meta-analysis. The overall pooled incidence of NVG after PPV in PDR patients was 6% (95% CI, 0.05–0.07, p-value < 0.00001). Pooled estimates indicated a positive correlation for NVG after PPV in PDR patients with higher baseline IOP (OR, 1.26; 95%CI,0.56–1.95, p-value = 0.0004), preoperative iris neovascularization (INV) (OR, 5.66; 95% CI, 2.10–15.23, p-value = 0.0006), preoperative or intraoperative combined cataract surgery (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.15–3.46, p-value = 0.01), postoperative vitreous hemorrhage (VH) (OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.63–7.66, p-value = 0.001), and a negative correlation with age (OR, −2.90; 95%CI, −5.00 to −0.81, p-value < 0.007). Conclusion: Our systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that the main risk factors for NVG after PPV in PDR patients included higher baseline IOP, preoperative INV, preoperative or intraoperative combined cataract surgery, postoperative VH, and was negatively correlated with age.
Analysis of bleb morphology after CLASS with ultrasound biomicroscopy and clinical grading scale
Authors: Yan Xiaowei , Zhang Hengli , Tang Guangxian , Li Fan , Ma Lihua , Geng Yulei 
Published: December 2020

Objective: Filtration in the area subjected to CO2 laser-assisted sclerectomy surgery (CLASS) is described using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and the clinical grading scale to evaluate the mechanism of intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with open-angle glaucoma underwent CLASS. The Indiana Bleb Appearance Grading Scale evaluation was performed 1 month after surgery to determine bleb height, extent, vascularity, and leakage. UBM was used to describe and measure the surgical area. Bleb morphology, the size of the scleral lake, scleral route, and trabeculodescemetic membrane (TDM) thickness were examined. Results: One month after CLASS, IOP significantly decreased from 20.46 ± 3.92 mmHg to 12.71 ± 2.99 mmHg, and the anterior chamber depth significantly more shallow, from 2.75 ± 0.36 mm to 2.61 ± 0.33 mm( p < 0.05). Shallow uplift occurred in 71.43% of the blebs, and 64.29% of the blebs were within 1 to 2 h; 82.15% showed mild or moderate vascular hyperemia, and the Seidel test was negative. UBM showed that all eyes had an intact TDM, with a mean thickness of 99.3 ± 22.2 μm; 21 eyes (75%) had L-type (low reflective). The scleral lake anteroposterior length, height, and transversal length were 2.247 ± 1.831 mm, 0.520 ± 0.234 mm, and 3.312 ± 0.423 mm, respectively. The TDM thickness and postoperative IOP were positively correlated, and the size of the scleral lake was not correlated with IOP reduction. Four eyes (14.29%) exhibited cyclodialysis. Conclusion: UBM examination indicated the aqueous humor drainage route. In the early stage after CLASS, subconjunctival and choroidal drainage routes might be the major mechanism underlying IOP reduction. Mild and moderate congestion of bleb blood vessels warrant attention to avoid early bleb scarring.
High Expression of BCAR1 by Circulating Tumor Cells and Tumor Tissues Is Predictive of a Poor Prognosis of Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma Potentially Due to Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Jiang Shasha , Mao Chunguo , Jiang Bin , Tan Qunyou , Deng Bo 
Published: December 2020

Objective: To clarify the clinical significance of breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1 (BCAR1) expression in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood and tumor tissues in patients with early stage lung adenocarcinoma (ES-LUAD). Methods: The study cohort included 60 patients with stage I LUAD (50 IA and 10 IB) who underwent surgery from November 2015 to November 2018 and 31 healthy controls. The expression levels of BCAR1 and markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in peripheral blood CTCs were detected using CanPatrolTM technology before surgery, and immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect BCAR1 expression in tumor tissues collected from 40 patients. The predictive power of BCAR1 expression in CTCs and tumor tissues on disease-free survival (DFS) was analyzed. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to study BCAR1 expression and overall survival as validation. The Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis online tool was used to analyze the correlations between the expression levels of BCAR1 and EMT molecular markers. Results: Both the number and detection rates of BCAR1-negative CTCs and BCAR1-positive CTCs in peripheral blood of lung cancer patients were significantly higher as compared with healthy controls ( p < 0.05). BCAR1-positive CTCs more commonly co-expressed both epithelial and mesenchymal markers. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with BCAR1(++) CTCs in peripheral blood before surgery were more prone to recurrence or metastasis after 2 years. COX analysis showed that patients with higher abundance of BCAR1(++) CTCs had a poorer prognosis (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.712, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.077–2.272, p = 0.023). Furthermore, high BCAR1 expression in tumor tissues was predictive of a poor prognosis (HR = 2.654, 95% CI = 1.239–5.686, p = 0.012), as validated by TCGA database (HR = 2.217, 95% CI = 1.069–4.595, p = 0.032). In addition, BCAR1 expression in LUAD tissues from TCGA was significantly positively correlated with the expression of both epithelial markers (e.g., ck8/18/19) and mesenchymal markers (e.g., vimentin and twist). Conclusion: BCAR1 may have a “dual impact” on EMT markers in tumor tissues and CTCs due to micro-environmental disparities, resulting in important clinical significance, which can potentially guide accurate treatment of LUAD.
Proportion of alemtuzumab-treated patients converting from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis over 6 years
Authors: Horáková Dana , Boster Aaron , Bertolotto Antonio , Freedman Mark S , Firmino* Isabel , Cavalier Steven J , Jacobs* Alan K , Thangavelu* Karthinathan , Daizadeh Nadia , Poole* Elizabeth M , Baker Darren P , Margolin* David H , Ziemssen Tjalf ,   on behalf of the CARE-MS I, CARE-MS II, and CAMMS03409 Investigators
Published: December 2020

Background Few data exist concerning conversion to secondary progressive MS in patients treated with disease-modifying therapies. Objective Determine the proportion of alemtuzumab-treated patients converting from relapsing-remitting to secondary progressive MS during the CARE-MS core and extension studies. Methods Patients ( N = 811) were analyzed post hoc for secondary progressive MS conversion. Optimal conversion definition: Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≥4, pyramidal functional system score ≥2, and confirmed progression over ≥3 months including confirmation within the functional system leading to progression, independent of relapse. Results Over 6.2 years median follow-up, 20 alemtuzumab-treated patients converted (Kaplan-Meier estimate, 2.7%; 95% confidence interval, 1.8%–4.2%). Sensitivity analysis accounting for dropouts showed similar results (3%), as did analyses using alternative definitions with different EDSS thresholds and/or confirmation periods, and analysis of core study subcutaneous interferon beta-1a-treated patients who received alemtuzumab in the extension. Patients converting to secondary progressive MS were older, and had higher EDSS scores and greater brain lesion volumes at baseline, but did not need additional alemtuzumab or other therapies. Conclusions The 6-year conversion rate to secondary progressive MS was low for alemtuzumab-treated patients, supporting further study of the role alemtuzumab may play in reducing risk of secondary progression. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT00530348, NCT00548405, NCT00930553.
Improvement on the genetic engineering of an invasive agricultural pest insect, the cherry vinegar fly, Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Ahmed Hassan M. M. , Heese Fabienne , Wimmer Ernst A. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe invasive flyDrosophila suzukiihas become an established fruit pest in Europe, the USA, and South America with no effective and safe pest management. Genetic engineering enables the development of transgene-based novel genetic control strategies against insect pests and disease vectors. This, however, requires the establishment of reliable germline transformation techniques. Previous studies have shown thatD. suzukiiis amenable to transgenesis using the transposon-based vectorspiggyBacandMinos, site-specific recombination (lox/Cre), and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing.ResultsWe experienced differences in the usability ofpiggyBac-based germline transformation in different strains ofD. suzukii: we obtained no transgenic lines in a US strain, a single rare transgenic line in an Italian strain, but observed a reliable transformation rate of 2.5 to 11% in a strain from the French Alps. This difference in efficiency was confirmed by comparative examination of these three strains. In addition, we used anattPlanding site line to successfully established φC31-integrase-mediated plasmid integration at a rate of 10% and generated landing site lines with twoattPsequences to effectively perform φC31-Recombinase Mediated Cassette Exchange (φC31-RMCE) with 11% efficiency. Moreover, we isolated and used the endogenous regulatory regions ofDs nanosto express φC31 integrase maternally to generate self-docking lines for φC31-RMCE. Besides, we isolated the promoter/enhancer ofDs serendipity αto drive the heterologoustetracycline-controlled transactivator (tTA) during early embryonic development and generated a testes-specific tTA driver line using the endogenousbeta-2-tubulin(β2t) promoter/enhancer.ConclusionOur results provide evidence that theD. suzukiistrain AM derived from the French Alps is more suitable forpiggyBacgermline transformation than other strains. We demonstrated the feasibility of using φC31-RMCE in the cherry vinegar fly and generated a set of lines that can be used for highly efficient integration of larger constructs. The φC31-based integration will facilitate modification and stabilization of previously generated transgenic lines that carry at least oneattPsite in the transgene construction. An early embryo-specific and a spermatogenesis-specific driver line were generated for future use of the binary expression systemtet-offto engineer tissue- and stage-specific effector gene expression for genetic pest control strategies.
The hAT-family transposable element, hopper, from Bactrocera dorsalis is a functional vector for insect germline transformation
Authors: Handler Alfred M. , Schetelig Marc F. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundThehopper hAT-family transposable element isolated from the Oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis, is distantly related to both theDrosophila hoboelement and theActivatorelement from maize. The original 3120 bphopperBd-Kahelement isolated from the Kahuku wild-type strain was highly degenerate and appeared to have a mutated transposase and terminal sequences, while a second 3131 bp element,hopperBd-we, isolated from awhite eyemutant strain had an intact transposase reading frame and terminal sequences consistent with function.ResultsThehopperBd-weelement was tested for function by its ability to mediate germline transformation in two dipteran species other thanB. dorsalis. This was achieved by creating a binary vector/helper transformation system by linking thehopperBd-wetransposase reading frame to aD. melanogaster hsp70promoter for a heat-inducible transposase helper plasmid, and creating vectors marked with theD. melanogastermini-white+orpolyubiquitin-regulated DsRed fluorescent protein markers.ConclusionsBoth vectors were successfully used to transformD. melanogaster, and the DsRed vector was also used to transform the Caribbean fruit fly,Anastrepha suspensa, indicating a wide range ofhopperfunction in dipteran species and, potentially, non-dipteran species. This vector provides a new tool for insect genetic modification for both functional genomic analysis and the control of insect populations.
Comparative genomics of Klebsiella michiganensis BD177 and related members of Klebsiella sp. reveal the symbiotic relationship with Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Cai Zhaohui , Guo Qiongyu , Yao Zhichao , Zheng Wenping , Xie Junfei , Bai Shuai , Zhang Hongyu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Bactrocera dorsalis is a destructive polyphagous and highly invasive insect pest of tropical and subtropical species of fruit and vegetable crops. The sterile insect technique (SIT) has been used for decades to control insect pests of agricultural, veterinary, and human health importance. Irradiation of pupae in SIT can reduce the ecological fitness of the sterile insects. Our previous study has shown that a gut bacterial strain BD177 that could restore ecological fitness by promoting host food intake and metabolic activities.

Results
Using long-read sequence technologies, we assembled the complete genome of K. michiganensis BD177 strain. The complete genome of K. michiganensis BD177 comprises one circular chromosome and four plasmids with a GC content of 55.03%. The pan-genome analysis was performed on 119 genomes (strain BD177 genome and 118 out of 128 published Klebsiella sp. genomes since ten were discarded). The pan-genome includes a total of 49305 gene clusters, a small number of 858 core genes, and a high number of accessory (10566) genes. Pan-genome and average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis showed that BD177 is more similar to the type strain K. michiganensis DSM2544, while away from the type strain K. oxytoca ATCC13182. Comparative genome analysis with 21 K. oxytoca and 12 K. michiganensis strains, identified 213 unique genes, several of them related to amino acid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism in BD177 genome.

Conclusions
Phylogenomics analysis reclassified strain BD177 as a member of the species K. michiganensis. Comparative genome analysis suggested that K. michiganensis BD177 has the strain-specific ability to provide three essential amino acids (phenylalanine, tryptophan and methionine) and two vitamins B (folate and riboflavin) to B. dorsalis. The clear classification status of BD177 strain and identification of unique genetic characteristics may contribute to expanding our understanding of the symbiotic relationship of gut microbiota and B. dorsalis.
Irradiation induced inversions suppress recombination between the M locus and morphological markers in Aedes aegypti
Authors: Augustinos Antonios A. , Misbah-ul-Haq Muhammad , Carvalho Danilo O. , de la Fuente Lucia Duran , Koskinioti Panagiota , Bourtzis Kostas 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundAedes aegyptiis the primary vector of arthropod-borne viruses and one of the most widespread and invasive mosquito species. Due to the lack of efficient specific drugs or vaccination strategies, vector population control methods, such as the sterile insect technique, are receiving renewed interest. However, availability of a reliable genetic sexing strategy is crucial, since there is almost zero tolerance for accidentally released females. Development of genetic sexing strains through classical genetics is hindered by genetic recombination that is not suppressed in males as is the case in many Diptera. Isolation of naturally-occurring or irradiation-induced inversions can enhance the genetic stability of genetic sexing strains developed through genetically linking desirable phenotypes with the male determining region.ResultsFor the induction and isolation of inversions through irradiation, 200 male pupae of the ‘BRA’ wild type strain were irradiated at 30 Gy and 100 isomale lines were set up by crossing with homozygous ‘red-eye’ (re) mutant females. Recombination betweenreand the M locus and the white (w) gene (causing a recessive white eye phenotype when mutated) and the M locus was tested in 45 and 32 lines, respectively. One inversion (Inv35) reduced recombination between bothreand the M locus, andwand the M locus, consistent with the presence of a rather extended inversion between the two morphological mutations, that includes the M locus. Another inversion (Inv5) reduced recombination only betweenwand the M locus. In search of naturally-occurring, recombination-suppressing inversions, homozygous females from the red eye and the white eye strains were crossed with seventeen and fourteen wild type strains collected worldwide, representing either recently colonized or long-established laboratory populations. Despite evidence of varying frequencies of recombination, no combination led to the elimination or substantial reduction of recombination.ConclusionInducing inversions through irradiation is a feasible strategy to isolate recombination suppressors either on the M or the m chromosome forAedes aegypti. Such inversions can be incorporated in genetic sexing strains developed through classical genetics to enhance their genetic stability and support SIT or other approaches that aim to population suppression through male-delivered sterility.
Prevention of postoperative bleeding after complex pediatric cardiac surgery by early administration of fibrinogen, prothrombin complex and platelets: a prospective observational study
Authors: Dennhardt Nils , Sümpelmann Robert , Horke Alexander , Keil Oliver , Nickel Katja , Heiderich Sebastian , Boethig Dietmar , Beck Christiane E. 
Published: December 2020

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative bleeding is a major problem in children undergoing complex pediatric cardiac surgery. The primary aim of this prospective observational study was to evaluate the effect of an institutional approach consisting of early preventive fibrinogen, prothrombin complex and platelets administration on coagulation parameters and postoperative bleeding in children. The secondary aim was to study the rate of re-intervention and postoperative transfusion, the occurrence of thrombosis, length of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and mortality.MethodsIn fifty children (age 0–6 years) with one or more predefined risk factors for bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), thrombelastography (TEG) and standard coagulation parameters were measured at baseline (T1), after CPB and reversal of heparin (T2), at sternal closure (T3) and after 12 h in the ICU (T4). Clinical bleeding was evaluated by the surgeon at T2 and T3 using a numeric rating scale (NRS, 0–10).ResultsAfter CPB and early administration of fibrinogen, prothrombin complex and platelets, the clinical bleeding evaluation score decreased from a mean value of 6.2 ± 1.9 (NRS) at T2 to a mean value of 2.1 ± 0.8 at T3 (NRS;P <  0.001). Reaction time (R), kinetic time (K), maximum amplitude (MA) and maximum amplitude of fibrinogen (MA-fib) improved significantly (P <  0.001 for all), and MA-fib correlated significantly with the clinical bleeding evaluation (r = 0.70,P <  0.001). The administered total amount of fibrinogen (mg kg− 1) correlated significantly with weight (r = − 0.42,P = 0.002), priming volume as percentage of estimated blood volume (r = 0.30,P = 0.034), minimum CPB temperature (r = − 0.30,P = 0.033) and the change in clinical bleeding evaluation from T2 to T3 (r = 0.71,P <  0.001). The incidence of postoperative bleeding (> 10% of estimated blood volume) was 8%. No child required a surgical re-intervention, and no cases of thrombosis were observed. Hospital mortality was 0%.ConclusionIn this observational study of children with an increased risk of bleeding after CPB, an early preventive therapy with fibrinogen, prothrombin complex and platelets guided by clinical bleeding evaluation and TEG reduced bleeding and improved TEG and standard coagulation parameters significantly, with no occurrence of thrombosis or need for re-operation.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials RegisterDRKS00018109(retrospectively registered 27th August 2019).
Conflict, community, and collaboration: shared implementation barriers and strategies in two polio endemic countries
Authors: Owoaje Eme , Rahimi Ahmad Omid , Kalbarczyk Anna , Akinyemi Oluwaseun , Peters Michael A. , Alonge Olakunle O. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Background
Afghanistan and Nigeria are two of the three remaining polio endemic countries. While these two countries have unique sociocultural characteristics, they share major polio risk factors. This paper describes the countries’ shared contexts and highlights important lessons on implementing polio eradication activities among hard-to-reach populations relevant for future global health programs.

Methods
A grey literature review of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) followed by an online survey was conducted in both countries. The survey was targeted to individuals who have been involved continuously in polio eradication activities for 12 months or more since 1988. A sub-set of respondents from the survey was recruited for key-informant interviews (KII). The survey and KIIs were conducted between September 2018–April 2019. A cross-case comparison analysis was conducted to describe shared implementation challenges, strategies, and unintended consequences of polio eradication activities across these contexts.

Results
Five hundred thirteen and nine hundred twenty-one surveys were completed in Afghanistan and Nigeria respectively; 28 KIIs were conducted in Afghanistan and 29 in Nigeria. Major polio eradication activities in both countries include house-to-house campaigns, cross-border stations, outreach to mobile populations, and surveillance. Common barriers to these activities in both countries include civil unrest and conflict; competing political agendas; and vaccine refusal, fatigue, and mistrust, all of which are all bases for describing hard-to-reach populations. Both countries employed strategies to engage community leadership, political and religious groups through advocacy visits, and recruited community members to participate in program activities to address misconceptions and distrust. Recruitment of female workers has been necessary for accessing women and children in conservative communities. Synergy with other health programs has been valuable; health workers have improved knowledge of the communities they serve which is applicable to other initiatives.

Conclusions
The power of community engagement at all levels (from leadership to membership) cannot be overstated, particularly in countries facing civil unrest and insecurity. Workforce motivation, community fatigue and mistrust, political priorities, and conflict are intricately interrelated. Community needs should be holistically assessed and addressed;programs must invest in the needs of health workers who engage in these long-term health programs, particularly in unsafe areas, to alleviate demotivation and fatigue.