bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of ECMWF climatic data, 1979–2017, and implications for modelling water balance for tropical climates
Authors: de Oliveira Aparecido Lucas Eduardo , de Souza Rolim Glauco , da Silva Cabral de Moraes Jose Reinaldo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractGridded meteorological systems greatly facilitate the analysis of the impacts of climate on crop development and productivity. Comparisons of these data with actual ground data validate this data source for various analyses in agricultural areas. The impact of the use of these grid data is an important evaluation for the temporal and spatial simulation of soil‐water availability for crops. We seek to verify how meteorological (ECMWF) data represents the surface water balance for Minas Gerais state. Monthly data for air temperature (T) and precipitation (P) from ECMWF were compared with the data from 771 ground stations (National Meteorological Institute, INMET) in the state of Minas Gerais in southeastern Brazil for 1979–2017. Potential evapotranspiration was estimated by Thornthwaite method (1948), and water balance was estimated by the method proposed by Thornthwaite and Mather (1955), with an available water capacity of 100 mm. We temporally and spatially compared the two data sources, and the comparisons were evaluated for accuracy using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) root mean square error (RMSE) and for precision using the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adj). ECMWF T and P tended to be temporally and spatially similar to the INMET data. The largest deviation between INMET T and ECMWF T was 2.81°C, mainly in the southwest of the state (the Minas Gerais triangle) and part of the central region during winter and spring, and the smallest deviation was −0.19°C in the northeast. The largest deviation between INMET P and ECMWF P was 75 mm·mo−1 in the summer, mainly between January and February in the central region of Minas Gerais. ECMWF T and ECMWF P allowed an accurate estimation of the components of the water balance. For example, the lowest MAPEs were 1.21% for ECMWF water‐storage capacity (southern Minas Gerais), 9.16% for ECMWF water deficiency (Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucurí), and 8.69% for ECMWF excess water (Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucurí). ECMWF can be used to estimate WB to represent surface stations, provided they are calibrated according to the region and seasons.
Statistical characterization of the sea‐breeze physical mechanisms through in‐situ and satellite observations
Authors: Grau Antoni , Jiménez Maria A. , Cuxart Joan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe physical mechanisms that take place under sea‐breeze (SB) conditions in the Palma basin (Mallorca island, western Mediterranean sea) are analysed through the inspection of data from automatic weather stations (AWS) during the period 2009–2017. Satellite‐derived land‐surface and sea‐surface temperatures (LST and SST, respectively) are used to compute the surface temperature difference (LST–SST) in the Palma basin. It is found that during daytime hourly averages for each month of this difference are always positive and maximal during summer time. A method is proposed to select the SB events using data from AWS. SB conditions are mainly reported during the warm months of the year (from April to September). Results from the statistical analysis of the selected SB events show that the morning reversal strongly depends on the speed and direction of the large‐scale winds. Besides, weak wind conditions are reported during the morning reversal and once the SB starts the cold advection from the sea counteracts the radiative heating and the 2‐m temperature levels off. The maximum surface temperature difference under SB conditions is larger than 5°C and it is often reported several hours after the morning reversal. About 2 hr later the maximum wind speed is formed, strongly influenced by the amount of soil moisture.
Submicron full‐color LED pixels for microdisplays and micro‐LED main displays
Authors: Liu Xianhe , Wu Yuanpeng , Malhotra Yakshita , Sun Yi , Ra Yong‐Ho , Wang Renjie , Stevenson Matthew , Coe‐Sullivan Seth , Mi Zetian 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe demonstrate a bottom‐up approach to the construction of micro‐LEDs as small as 150 nm in lateral dimension. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is used to fabricate such nanostructured LEDs from InGaN, from the blue to red regions of the spectrum, providing a single material set useful for an entire RGB display.
Triblock Copolymers Based on Sucrose Methacrylate and Methyl Methacrylate: RAFT Polymerization and Self‐Assembly
Authors: Marcilli Raphael Henrique Marques , Petzhold Cesar Liberato , Felisberti Maria Isabel 
Published: April 2020

AbstractABA and BAB triblock amphiphilic copolymers based on sucrose methacrylate and methyl methacrylate are synthesized by sequential reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization using S,S′‐bis(R,R′‐dimethyl‐R′′‐acetic acid)‐trithiocarbonate as a chain transfer agent. The copolymers present narrow molar mass dispersity, controlled molar mass and architecture as determined by gel permeation chromatography and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. The copolymers with molar and mass fractions of poly(sucrose methacrylate) block ranging from 1 to 22 mol% and 3 to 52 wt%, respectively, and different molar masses present characteristics of a surfactant such as self‐assembly. The self‐assembly of the triblock copolymers in water, N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, or benzene results mostly in vesicles as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy images and small‐angle X‐ray of the dispersions. Moreover, the copolymers present the capability to stabilize aromatic molecules (Nile Red dye) and nonpolar solvents in an aqueous phase and polar ionic molecules (methylene blue) and water in a nonpolar medium, suggesting the potential for application in drug encapsulation, environmental remediation systems, and molecular extraction in liquid–liquid immiscible systems, for example. Films prepared by casting from copolymer solutions in DMF present a lamellar structure with the lamellar thickness varying according to the copolymer molar mass.
Two novel deleterious variants of Angiotensin‐I‐converting Enzyme gene identified in a family with recurrent anhydramnios
Authors: Wang Jingwei , Bin Qiao , Cheng Biheng , Yan Li , Xiong Liang , Tan Bi‐Hua , McGrath Mary , Smink Gayle M. , Song Chunhua , Tong Yongqing 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundAnhydramnios results from the poor development of the placenta or problems with intrauterine development of the kidneys or urinary tract. Complete lack of amniotic fluid indicates a severe problem with the organs of the urinary system. The genes associated with anhydramnios show very diversity and are not yet well defined.MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing (WES) was used for an aborted male case around the 20th week of gestation diagnosed with anhydramnios. The resulted deleterious variants were verified by Sanger sequencing. Pathogenicity of deleterious variants was explored by in silico analysis.ResultsA maternally inherited deleterious frameshift variant, c.1454_1455insC, p.(S486Ffs29) in exon 9 and two paternally inherited missense variants c.1037C > G, p.(Ser346Trp) in exon 7 and c.1465A > G, p.(Asn489Asp) in exon 9 of Angiotensin‐I‐Converting Enzyme (ACE) gene were found and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. c.1454_1455insC, p.(S486Ffs29) and c.1037C > G, p.(Ser346Trp) were identified as two novel compound heterozygous deleterious variants. The pathogenicity of these deleterious variants was determined by in silico analysis and both the deleterious variants disrupt the structure of the ACE protein.ConclusionTwo novel compound heterozygous variants were identified in the case with anhydramnios, which may be associated with pathogenicity of anhydramnios. Our data also revealed that the WES approach may provide helpful information for genetic counseling of the families with anhydramnios.
CASC15 polymorphisms are correlated with cervical cancer susceptibility in Chinese women
Authors: Gao Ziying , Xiong Zichao , Sun Yao , Wu Jiamin , Liu Jianfeng , Liu Yuanwei , Li Haiyue , Li Bin , Jin Tianbo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBackgroundCervical cancer is a frequent, common cancer in women, and causes high cancer‐related deaths among women in our world. Accumulating studies provided an important evidence for long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) polymorphisms in the susceptibility of various cancer. Here, we recruited 494 cervical cancer cases and 504 unrelated controls to assess the relationship between CASC15 (OMIM# 616610) polymorphisms and cervical cancer susceptibility.MethodsAgena MassARRAY platform was conducted to genotype CASC15 polymorphisms. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed through logistic regression to adjust for confounding factors, such as age and gender.ResultsOur study suggested that rs12212674 (NC_000006.12:g.22086845T>A) “A” allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.01–1.69, p = .041). The result was demonstrated in the log‐additive model (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.02–1.72, p = .037). After age stratification, we also found that the “TT” genotype of rs4712653 (NC_000006.11:g.22125964T>C) in CASC15 was interaction with a higher cervical cancer risk in subjects aged ≤51 years in the co‐dominant model (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.02–4.25, p = .044) and the recessive model (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.05–4.24, p = .036). Whereas no significant correlation was found among other SNPs of CASC15 polymorphisms and the risk of cervical cancer. MDR analysis illustrated that the interaction between rs7740084 (NC_000006.11:g.21727531G>A), rs1555529 (NC_000006.11:g.21691704A>G), and rs12212674 had a certain effect on the progress of cervical cancer.ConclusionOur results revealed a potential interaction between CASC15 polymorphisms and cervical cancer susceptibility. The results provided important insights into CASC15 function in the development of cervical cancer.
Marker‐free optical stereo motion tracking for in‐bore MRI and PET‐MRI application
Authors: Kyme Andre Z. , Aksoy Murat , Henry David L. , Bammer Roland , Maclaren Julian 
Published: April 2020

PurposeProspective motion correction is arguably the “silver bullet” solution for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies impacted by motion, applicable to almost any pulse sequence and immune from the spin history artifacts introduced by a moving object. In prospective motion correction, the magnetic field gradients and radio frequency waveforms are adjusted in real time in response to measured head motion so as to maintain the head in a stationary reference frame relative to the scanner. Vital for this approach are accurate and rapidly sampled head pose measurements, which may be obtained optically using cameras. However, most optical methods are limited by the need to attach physical markers to the skin, which leads to decoupling of head and marker motion and reduces the effectiveness of correction. In this work we investigate the feasibility and initial performance of a stereo‐optical motion tracking method which does not require any attached markers.MethodsThe method relies on detecting distinctive natural features or amplified features (using skin stamps) directly on the forehead in multiple camera views, and then deriving pose estimates via a 3D‐2D registration between the skin features and a database of forehead landmarks. To demonstrate the feasibility and potential accuracy of the marker‐free method for discrete (step‐wise) head motion, we performed out‐of‐bore and in‐bore experiments using robotically and manually controlled phantoms in addition to in‐bore testing on human volunteers. We also developed a convenient out‐of‐bore test bed to benchmark and optimize the motion tracking performance.ResultsFor out‐of‐bore phantom tests, the pose estimation accuracy (compared to robotic ground truth) was 0.14 mm and 0.23 degrees for incremental translation and rotation, respectively. For arbitrary motion, the pose accuracy obtained using the smallest forehead feature patch was equivalent to 0.21 ± 0.11 mm positional accuracy in the striatum. For in‐bore phantom experiments, the accuracy of rigid‐body motion parameters (compared to wireless MR‐sensitive markers) was 0.08–0.41 ± 0.18 mm/0.05–0.3 ± 0.12 deg and 0.14–0.16 ± 0.12 mm/0.08‐0.17 ± 0.08 deg for the small and large feature patches, respectively. In vivo results in human volunteers indicated sub‐millimeter and sub‐degree pose accuracy for all rotations and translations except the depth direction (max error 1.8 mm) when compared to a registration‐based approach.ConclusionsIn both bench‐top and in vivo experiments we demonstrate the feasibility of using very small feature patches directly on the skin to obtain high accuracy head pose measurements needed for motion‐correction in MRI brain studies. The optical technique uses in‐bore cameras and is consistent with the limited visibility of the forehead afforded by head coils used in brain imaging. Future work will focus on optimization of the technique and demonstration in prospective motion correction.
Medications used to treat bladder disorders may alter effects of neuromodulation
Authors: Ness Timothy J. , McNaught Jamie , Clodfelder‐Miller Buffie , Su Xin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAimsNeuromodulation (nerve stimulation) can produce analgesia. One form, bilateral pudendal nerve stimulation (bPNS), suppresses responses to urinary bladder distension (UBD) in hypersensitive rats. Drugs can modify this effect (eg, benzodiazepines, but not opioids, suppress bPNS effects). Prior to a clinical trial of bPNS effects on bladder pain, we felt it was prudent to survey the effects of medications commonly used in patients with bladder disorders.MethodsBladder hypersensitivity was produced by neonatal bladder inflammation in rat pups coupled with a second inflammatory insult as an adult. Antimuscarinic (oxybutynin), β3‐adrenoceptor agonist (mirabegron, CL316243), α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist (tamsulosin), antidepressant (amitriptyline), muscle relaxing (baclofen), and sedative (propofol) agents were administered and effects of bPNS on responses to UBD assessed. bPNS consisted of bilateral biphasic electrical stimulation of the mixed motor/sensory component of the pudendal nerves. Visceromotor responses (VMRs; abdominal muscle contractile responses) were used as nociceptive endpoints.ResultsMany of these drugs directly inhibited the VMRs to UBD, but only mirabegron, at the doses employed, significantly reduced inhibitory effects of bPNS. In the presence of the other drugs, bPNS continued to produce statistically significant inhibition of VMRs to UBD.ConclusionsThis study suggests that concurrent therapy with drugs used to treat bladder disorders could affect assessment of the effects of bPNS on bladder hypersensitivity. This study gives guidance to clinical trials using bPNS for the treatment of painful bladder syndromes and suggests potential clinical use of some of these medications in the treatment of these same disorders.
On the road to better routes: Five decades of published research on the vehicle routing problem
Authors: Wang Xingyin , Wasil Edward 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor nearly 50 years, Networks has been at the forefront of routing research and practice with more than 140 articles in print with tens of thousands of citations. These articles span the development of solution procedures to reporting practical applications. We identify key areas of contribution including exact algorithms, heuristics, arc routing, and periodic routing, and provide detailed annotations for important articles in each area. Our survey reveals the rich heritage of published routing work that continues to influence the field today.
Associations between paediatric fatigue and eating behaviours
Authors: Oberle Megan M. , Northrop Elise F. , Bramante Carolyn T. , Rudser Kyle D. , Gross Amy C. , Kelly Aaron S. 
Published: April 2020

SummaryBackgroundIn adults, poor sleep quality is associated with increased obesogenic eating behaviours; less is known about this relationship in youth. The objectives of this study were to assess the strength of association between fatigue‐related quality of life (QoL) and eating behaviours among youth and to describe the associations in participants with percent body fat (%BF) above and below the 90th percentile for sex and age.MethodsCaregiver‐reported measures of fatigue (Pediatric QoL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale) and eating behaviours (Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire) were obtained from participants aged 8–17 years. %BF was measured by iDXA and grouped by sex‐ and age‐specific percentiles. Multiple linear regression adjusting for age, sex and race/ethnicity was used.ResultsOf the 352 participants (49% male), 44.6% had %BF >90th percentile. General, sleep/rest and cognitive fatigue QoL was inversely associated with food approach behaviours: food responsiveness, enjoyment of food, emotional overeating and desire to drink. For participants with %BF >90th percentile, higher general fatigue QoL was associated with higher satiety responsiveness (0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI 0.03, 0.24]). For participants with %BF ≤90th percentile, higher general fatigue QoL was associated with less satiety responsiveness (−0.16; 95% CI [−0.31, −0.01]).ConclusionLess fatigue symptoms were associated with less behaviours associated with food approach among paediatric participants. For participants with %BF >90th percentile, less symptoms of general fatigues corresponded with more satiety. Though causation has yet to be established, youth with elevated %BF should be screened for fatigue symptoms and offered counselling on sleep hygiene or a sleep medicine referral to help mitigate weight gain.
In‐Situ Upgrading of Coal Pyrolysis Tar with Steam Catalytic Cracking over Ni/Al2O3 Catalysts
Authors: Cao Siqian , Wang Dechao , Wang Mingyi , Zhu Jialong , Jin Lijun , Li Yang , Hu Haoquan 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn‐situ upgrading of coal pyrolysis tar with steam catalytic cracking (SCC) is a promising technique to improve tar quality. In this study, Ni/Al2O3 catalysts with different Ni contents were used for in‐situ SCC of coal pyrolysis tar at 650 °C. The results showed that Ni/Al2O3 catalysts can enhance the water conversion and light tar yield. Both SCC and tar catalytic cracking can occur simultaneously over Ni/Al2O3, and the free radicals produced by tar catalytic cracking can be stabilized by active species generated from SCC to avoid excessive cracking of tar and improve light tar yield. 4Ni/Al2O3 (4 wt. % Ni) exhibits the best performance, contributing to the highest water conversion of 4.74 wt. % and light tar yield of 11.90 wt. %, respectively. Correspondingly, the content of light fraction (boiling point less than 360 °C) in tar sample increases from 48.0 wt. % to 67.0 wt. %, and the average molecular weight decreases from 353 amu to 253 amu over 4Ni/Al2O3. This is consistent with the increase of benzenes, phenols and naphthalenes and the decrease of long‐chain aliphatic hydrocarbons, 3‐ and 4‐ring aromatics in upgraded tar. In addition, the higher ratio of uncondensed aromatic protons to condensed aromatic protons in upgraded tar reveals the fact that 4Ni/Al2O3 can promote ring‐opening reaction of PAHs, which can well interpret the tar upgrading process.
Biomimetic Synthesis of Copper/Polydopamine‐Functionalized Oxygenated Carbon Nitride Composites and Their Application as Lubricants
Authors: Min Chunying , Jia Wei , He Zengbao , Zhang Kan , Yang Yuzi , Dong Changkun , Zhu Jinfeng 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe wet chemical reduction method was used to modify polydopamine (PDA) functionalized oxygenated carbon nitride (O‐g‐C3N4) nanosheets to prepare in situ growth of Cu nanoparticles (Cu NPs) decorated on nanosheets. The PDA attached to the surface of O‐g‐C3N4 provided a uniformly distributed platform for copper nanoparticles. It also provided rich functional groups and provided good conditions for the dispersion of Cu/PDA/O‐g‐C3N4 in pure oil. Through TEM testing, Cu NPs with a diameter of 5–10 nm were evenly distributed on the PDA/O‐g‐C3N4 nanosheets. Through the sliding test on the steel surface, it was obvious that adding 0.2 wt % Cu/PDA/O‐g‐C3N4 to pure oil had a lowest coefficient of friction. In addition, the wear marks on the surface of Cu/PDA/O‐g‐C3N4 steel discs were studied with an optical microscope and a three‐dimensional profiler and its wear resistance was better than Cu NPs, O‐g‐C3N4 and Cu/O‐g‐C3N4.
Potential Site to Direct Selective Compounds in the Triosephosphate Isomerase for the Development of New Drugs
Authors: Benítez‐Cardoza Claudia G. , Jiménez‐Pineda Albertana , Angles‐Falconi Sergio I. , Fernández‐Velasco Daniel A. , Vique‐Sánchez José L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the pharmaceutical industry, the development of selective drugs to an enzyme or the repositioning of commercial drugs, today, is booming. The glycolytic enzyme triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) has been used as a therapeutic target for the development of new drugs against various pathogenic organisms. Therefore, saving resources in the development of new drugs, by directing the interaction of pharmacological compounds to an interaction site with a high probability to be selective, represents an opportunity for researchers.
Synthesis, In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Bleomycin‐Dependent DNA Damage Evaluation of Some Heterocyclic‐Fused Pyrimidinone Derivatives
Authors: El‐Mekabaty Ahmed , Etman Hassan A. , Mosbah Ahmed , Fadda Ahmed A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn this work, enaminones 1 a,b were used as precursors for the synthesis of novel fused heterocyclic ring systems (e. g. pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidinones, isoxazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidinones, pyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidinones and related compounds) via their reactions with some N‐nucleophiles. The cytotoxic activity of the designed products was assessed via the MTT colorimetric assay against human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and normal lung fibroblasts (WI‐38) cell lines using doxorubicin as a reference standard. Among the screened compounds, pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidinone 3 d and pyrimido[4,5‐d]pyrimidinones 6 a,b, 7 b and 8 a,b were selected as lead molecules because they showed significant activity against HepG2 cells and a weak cytotoxic effect against WI‐38 cells. In further, all of the compounds were subjected to the bleomycin‐dependent DNA damage studies. The results indicated that most of them have a remarkable ability to protect DNA compared to ascorbic acid as a standard compound.
Sanierung der Wehrwalzen an Hengstey‐ und Baldeneysee
Authors: Roesler Frank , Rudzinski Ulrich , Schiffmann Andreas , Schneeberger Michael 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAn den etwa 90 Jahre alten Wehrwalzen von Hengstey‐ und Baldeneysee standen erstmals in ihrer Betriebszeit grundlegende Sanierungsarbeiten an. Hierzu werden die Walzen zunächst vollständig entschichtet, dann defekte Stahlbauteile ausgetauscht und anschließend ein neuer Korrosionsschutz aufgetragen. Zudem werden Antriebsketten erneuert und vorhandene Dichtungskonstruktionen ersetzt. Zu den Herausforderungen bei der Sanierung zählen u. a. voneinander abweichende Angaben in alten Statiken und Bestandsplänen, problematische Schadstoffgehalte in der alten Korrosionsbeschichtung sowie die Wiederherstellung eines dichten Anschlusses zwischen Walzen und Sohlbalken.