bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors and long-term outcomes in the Saudi population: Results from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study (PURE-Saudi)
Authors: Alhabib Khalid , Batais Mohammed A , Almigbal Turky H , Alshamiri Mostafa Q , Altaradi Hani , Rangarajan Sumathy , Yusuf Salim 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
ObjectiveWe report the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and long-term outcomes within the Saudi population, stratified by age, sex, and place of residence.MethodsThe Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study is a global cohort study including adults of 35–70 years old in 20 countries. PURE-Saudi study participants were recruited from 19 urban and 6 rural communities randomly selected from the Central province (Riyadh and Alkharj) between February 2012 and January 2015. Clinical follow-up of major CVD events and mortality is ongoing.ResultsThe PURE-Saudi study enrolled 2047 participants (mean age, 46.5 ± 9.12 years; 43.1% women; 24.5% rural). Overall, 69.4% had low physical activity, 49.6% obesity, 34.4% unhealthy diet, 32.1% dyslipidemia, 30.3% hypertension, 25.1% diabetes, 12.2% were current smokers, 15.4% self-reported feeling sad, 16.9% had history of stress (several periods), 6.8% had permanent stress, 0.98% had history of stroke, 0.64% had heart failure, and 2.5% had coronary heart disease (CHD). Compared to women, men were more likely to be current smokers (21% vs. 0.45%, p<0.001), have diabetes (28.2% vs. 21.3%, p<0.001), and have history of CHD (3.2% vs. 1.6%, p=0.02); while women were more likely to be obese (58.6% vs. 42.8%, p<0.001), have central obesity (70.7% vs. 32.7%, p<0.001), self-report sadness (22.7%, vs. 9.9% p<0.001), experience stress (several periods), feel permanent stress (9.9% vs. 4.5%, p<0.001), and have low education (46.6% vs. 20.2%, p<0.001). Compared to participants in urban areas, those in rural areas had higher rates of diabetes (31.1% vs. 23.3%, p<0.001), obesity (56.6% vs. 47.3%, p<0.001), and hypertension (35.5% vs. 28.6%, p=0.004); and lower rates of unhealthy diet, self-reported sadness, stress (several periods), and permanent stress. Compared to middle- and old-age individuals, younger participants more commonly reported unhealthy diet, permanent stress, and self-reporting of being sad. ConclusionPURE-Saudi, the first population cohort study in Saudi Arabia, revealed a high prevalence of CVD risk factors in the adult Saudi population, with higher rates in rural than urban areas. National public awareness programs and multi-faceted healthcare policy changes are urgently needed to reduce the future burden of CVD risk and mortality.
ER documents categorization and explanation
Authors: Mensa Enrico , Colla Davide , Dalmasso Marco , Giustini Marco , Mamo Carlo , Pitidis Alessio , RADICIONI DANIELE PAOLO 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background Emergency room reports are a specific kind of text, posing specific challenges to natural language processing techniques. In this setting, violence episodes on women, elderly and children are often under-reported. Categorizing textual descriptions as containing violence-related injuries vs. non-violence-related injuries, is thus a relevant task, to the ends of devising alerting mechanisms to track violence episodes. Methods We present a system to detect episodes of violence from the textual descriptions contained in emergency room reports. It employs a deep neural network for categorizing textual ER reports data. Additionally, the system complements such output by making explicit which elements corroborate the interpretation of the record as reporting about violence-related injuries. To these ends we designed a novel hybrid technique for filling semantic frames that employs distributed representations of the terms herein, along with syntactic and semantic information. Results We tested our system on a set of real data of emergency room reports, coming from an Italian branch of the EU-Injury Database (EU-IDB) project, annotated by hospital staff. Our experimentation shows that the system produces accurate categorization (of violent vs. non violent records), paired with interesting results on the explanation of such output. At times, it also allowed unveiling annotation errors committed by hospital staff. Conclusions In the last few years deep architectures and word embeddings have been compared to a tsunami hitting AI and the area concerned with natural language processing. Only at a later time we have been realizing that the stunning output of deep networks needed to be explained: our proposal, combining distributed and symbolic (frame-like) representations are a possible answer to this pressing request for interpretability. Although the present application is focused on the medical domain, the proposed methodology is general and, in principle, it can be extended to further application areas and categorization tasks.
Is the allocation of medical and health resources effective? Characteristic facts from regional heterogeneity in China
Authors: Yi Ming , Peng Jiachao , Zhang Lian , Zhang Yao 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background: Over the last decade, the expenditure on public medical and health has increased greatly in China, however, problems as low efficiency and unfairness still exist. How to accurately describe the effectiveness of existing medical and health resources in combination with regional heterogeneity is of great significance to China's medical and health reform.Methods: Based on provincial panel data for the period of 2005 to 2017, this paper constructs a super-efficiency three-stage SBM-DEA model, combining expected output and unexpected output, to measure and analyze the spatial-temporal heterogeneity characteristics and influencing factors of public medical and health efficiency (PMHE). Results: After the impacts of random error and external environmental factors are removed, the mean value of overall PMHE is 0.9274, failing to reach DEA efficiency, and PMHE shows a fluctuated downward trend. In addition, apart from eastern regions, the mean values of PMHE in central, western and north-eastern are all underestimated. (2) The adjusted PMHE level shows a prominent spatial imbalance at the stage 3. The average efficiency level is ranked by the east > the western > the central > the northeast region. (3) The increases of GDP per capita and population density are beneficial to the improvement of PMHE, while income level and education level are disadvantageous to PMHE, and the urbanization level, an uncertain effect.Conclusion: This study innovatively incorporates undesired outputs of health care into the efficiency evaluation framework by constructing the main efficiency evaluation indicators. The results of the robust evaluation conclude that China's existing investment in medical and health resources is generally not effective. Therefore, although China's health care reform has achieved certain results, it is still necessary to expand the investment in health care resources.
Description of the targeted water supply and hygiene response strategy implemented during the cholera outbreak of 2017-2018 in Kinshasa, DRC
Authors: Bompangue Didier , Moore Sandra , Taty Nadège , Impouma Benido , Sudre Bertrand , Manda Richard , Balde Thierno , Mboussou Franck , Vandevelde Thierry 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Background
Rapid control of cholera outbreaks is a significant challenge in overpopulated urban areas. During late-2017, Kinshasa, the capital ofthe Democratic Republic of the Congo, experienced a cholera outbreak that showed potential to spread throughout the city. A novel targeted water and hygiene response strategy was implemented to quickly stem the outbreak.
Methods
We describe the first implementation of the cluster grid response strategy carried out in the community during the cholera outbreak in Kinshasa, in which response activities targeted cholera case clusters using a grid approach. Interventions focused on emergency water supply, household water treatment and safe storage, home disinfection and hygiene promotion. We also performed a preliminary community trial study to assess the temporal pattern of the outbreak before and after response interventions were implemented. Cholera surveillance databases from the Ministry of Health were analyzed to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of the outbreak using epidemic curves and maps.
Results
From January 2017 to November 2018, a total of 1,712 suspected cholera cases were reported in Kinshasa. During this period, the most affected health zones included Binza Météo, Limeté, Kokolo, Kintambo and Kingabwa. Following implementation of the response strategy, the weekly cholera case numbers in Binza Météo, Kintambo and Limeté decreased by an average of 57% after two weeks and 86% after four weeks. The total weekly case numbers throughout Kinshasa Province dropped by 71% four weeks after the peak of the outbreak.
Conclusion
During the 2017-2018 period, Kinshasa experienced a sharp increase in cholera case numbers. To contain the outbreak, water supply and hygieneresponse interventions targeted case households, nearby neighbors and public areas in case clusters using a grid approach. Following implementation of the response, the outbreak in Kinshasa was quickly brought under control. A similar approach may be adapted to quickly interrupt cholera transmission in other urban settings.
Gene expression in peripheral blood cells for differentiation of active and latent tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents
Authors: Elov A. A. , Vladimirskiy M. A. , Smerdin S. V. , Elufimova O. I. 
Published: January 2020

The objective: to analyze the expression of certain genes in the blood cells of children and adolescence to differentiate the active and latent phases of tuberculosis infection.Subjects and methods. Peripheral blood samples collected in 36 pediatric patients with latent tuberculosis infection and 24 patients aged 1 to 16 years undergoing in-patient treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis were tested. A modified method for isolating messenger RNA and reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the transcription of six genes selected for analysis.Results. In a comparative study of the expression values of six promising genes in blood cells in the study of two groups of children and adolescents with latent and active tuberculosis infection, it was found that the most differentiating feature for determining active tuberculosis infection was a significantly higher level of expression of PDCD1 gene encoding PD1 lymphocyte receptor. At the same time, the sensitivity to detect the active infection was found to be 95.8%, specificity – 94.4%, the accuracy of the positive prognosis of active tuberculosis infection was 93.3%.
The study of cross-resistance of MTB to certain anti-tuberculosis drugs among tuberculosis patients in Tomsk Region
Authors: Golubchikov P. N. , Kruk E. A. , Mishustin S. P. , Pavlova V. E. , Schegertsov D. Yu. , Аlliluev A. S. 
Published: January 2020

The objective of the study: to assess the prevalence of drug resistance of tuberculous mycobacteria (MTB) to pyrazinamide, linezolid, cross-resistance to fluoroquinolones, and cross-resistance to injectable anti-tuberculosis drugs among tuberculosis patients in Tomsk Region.Subjects and methods. The data of 814 patients with tuberculosis were analyzed. Of them, drug susceptibility test to pyrazinamide was performed in 812 patients; ofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin – in 475 patients; kanamycin, amikacin, capreomycin – in 301 patients, and linezolid – in 423 patients.Results. The frequency of resistance to pyrazinamide is the highest in patients who were treated with pyrazinamide in the past (relapses and chronic cases). In the patients resistant to ofloxacin, the frequency of susceptibility to levofloxacin is low (16.9%), while susceptibility to moxifloxacin is higher (41.3%). The cross-resistance of MTB to kanamycin and amikacin makes less than 50% in the cases resistant to one of these two drugs. 38.6% of patients with poly-resistance to kanamycin and capreomycin, remain sensitive to amikacin. The level of MTB resistance to linezolid was minimal – 2.8% of those examined.
The Nordic Model of Whiteness and Exceptionalism: Representation of Otherness in Some Nordic Film and Television
Authors: Radulović Ružica 
Published: January 2020

Race is a controversial question in the Global North, especially in those environments that consider themselves to be colourblind, while in fact they are predominantly white. This seems to be particularly the case in the Nordic countries, where the concepts of equality and egality are central to the mutual feeling of identity and where the racial discourse is marked by the prohibition of racial discrimination. By reducing the category of race to something fictive, one cannot address it openly in the contemporary Nordic societies. Therefore, this paper deals with the representation of Otherness – external and internal – in the Nordic film and television. As the paper focuses on the closely related notions of Nordic whiteness and Nordic exceptionalism, it is based on the categorial apparatus of postcolonial studies. The main hypothesis is that the widely spread positive hetero image of the Nordic region as socially open, tolerant and free, is undermined by the media representation of the identity of Other, where the prejudices, racism and paternalism towards the non-white population (and especially the non-white immigration) are being disclosed. The aim of the paper is to reveal how film and television, as potential correctives of the existing stereotypes, can reflect the ever changing political, cultural and social circumstances and by that, how (and whether) this image of Otherness necessarily corresponds to the narrative of exceptionalism and whiteness of the Nordic region.
Nordic exceptionalism, together with Nordic whiteness as the integral part of the broader feeling of the Nordic identity, has become a part of the common political discourse and an object of discussion within the field of popular culture, literature and film. Still, the sense of one own’s exceptionalism has become a subject of critical debate, a myth to be debunked, as the phenomena such as the escalation of ethnic violence have marked the recent years in the Nordic societies. This development of the social, cultural and political circumstances has been reflected in the contemporary Nordic media production (film and television) and continues to be analysed. The image of the Nordics, as being inherently white and homogenous, has thus been exposed as artificial and constructed.
The clinical relevance of the microelements content in newborns after perinatal asphyxia
Authors: Gasanov S. Sh. , Sadigova Sh. A. , Babaeva B. A. 
Published: January 2020

Research purpose. To identify the correlation between the clinical signs of neonatal adaptation in the dynamics and the content of trace elements in the serum of newborns of different gestational ages who underwent perinatal asphyxia (main group): 41 premature infants and 27 full-term children.Results. It was found that there was a direct significant correlation between the concentration of trace elements (Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu), gestational age and Apgar grades (5th minute) in n prematurely born babies during the period of acute adaptation (3-5 days). Reliable feedback was established between the clinical signs of posthypoxic damage to the central nervous system, suppression syndrome and the content of Fe, Mg and Zn, as well as a weakening of muscle tone and the content of Zn and Mg. In full-term babies, the correlation between the content of Fe, Zn, Mg in the blood serum and clinical indicators was expressed more clearly. In these children, a significant positive correlation was observed between the Ca content in the blood and the syndrome of neuro-reflex excitability.Conclusion. The determination of trace elements in blood serum in newborns in the dynamics of the neonatal period (3-5th and 21-28th days of life) makes it possible to predict the course and severity of hypoxic-ischemic damage to the Central nervous system.
Eclectisch denken: enkele historische overwegingen
Authors: Goudriaan A. 
Published: January 2020

Starting from the assumption that education and scholarship are important venues for the transmission and preservation of culture, this article notes that non-Christian writings have had a significant and lasting impact throughout the history of learning in Western Christianity. It is then argued that eclecticism, the selective and critical usage of texts and ideas from various backgrounds, has been a deliberate practice in Christian history. As an expression of independent thinking, eclecticism allows the positive use of what a critical inquiry has shown to be “good” (1 Thess. 5:21) in nonChristian (and Christian) sources. When it succeeds in maintaining its critical independence and its commitment to truth, eclecticism does not produce what G.W.F. Hegel called “superficial aggregates”.
BAJO EL SOL DE CUBA: INFLUENCIAS DE LA REVOLUCIÓN CUBANA EN LOS ORIGENES DE LA NUEVA IZQUIERDA REVOLUCIONARIA CHILENA (1959 – 1964)
Authors: Álvarez Vergara Marco Antonio 
Published: January 2020

Más de seis décadas han transitado desde el triunfo de la Revolución Cubana y, hasta la fecha, no ha existido un estudio que indague la real influencia sobre las izquierdas en Chile. El presente artículo de investigación procura desentrañar tal magnitud en los orígenes de la nueva izquierda revolucionaria chilena (1959 – 1964), esclareciendo las vinculaciones políticas, teóricas y discursivas de esta con el proceso caribeño. Este cometido, lo abordaremos a través de la trayectoria político – orgánica de tres de los principales referentes del proceso de confluencia insurreccional: Clotario Blest, Enrique Sepúlveda y Miguel Enríquez.

Palabras claves: Revolución Cubana, nueva izquierda revolucionaria chilena, lucha armada, revolución socialista.

UNDER THE SUN OF CUBA. INFLUENCES OF THE CUBAN REVOLUTION IN THE ORIGINS OF THE NEW CHILEAN REVOLUTIONARY LEFT (1959 - 1964)

More than six decades have passed since the triumph of the Cuban Revolution and, to date, there has been no study that investigates its real influence on the Chilean left. The objective of this article is to unravel the influence of this historic milestone in the emergence of the new Chilean revolutionary left (1959 – 1964), identifying its political, theoretical and discursive links with the Caribbean process. This task will be addressed through the analysis of the political-organizational trajectory of Clotario Blest, Enrique Sepúlveda and Miguel Enriquez, three of the main referents of the insurrectional confluence process.

Keywords: Cuban Revolution, new Chilean revolutionary left, armed struggle, socialist revolution.
Oficio de tinieblas por Galileo Galilei
Authors: Montes Anguita Rodrigo Felipe 
Published: January 2020

Los aspectos de interés para este artículo son tres. Primero se aborda la figura de Patricio Wang como compositor, su formación académica y su relación con Quilapayún. En la segunda parte, se realiza un análisis músico-poético, de Oficio de tinieblas por Galileo Galilei, teniendo como base, la creación en su forma y contenido, con énfasis en los recursos técnicos utilizados, que no corresponden al lenguaje ni a la estética de la canción popular. Para el análisis, se observó la obra como una escena única dividida en cuatro planos. Por último, se realiza una visión panorámica a la historia del grupo Quilapayún, describiendo y analizando los factores que posibilitaron que fueran capaces de asimilar una propuesta creativa de estas características.
Este estudio ha sido articulado, en base a la información proporcionada directamente por Patricio Wang al autor, y que ha permitido vislumbrar: su historia como compositor, sus influencias directas, su visión particular de la obra; y su relación profesional con Quilapayún. Esto junto a la utilización de bibliografía descriptiva relacionada a la Nueva Canción Chilena y sus exponentes, han permitido sostener la idea, de que esta obra, y la inclusión de su compositor al conjunto, generan un nuevo paradigma creativo, materializado en el giro estético que estos artistas darán en sus producciones discográficas de los años 80.
La subordinación del cuerpo dentro del espacio escolar
Authors: Romero Curiqueo Valeska Andrea 
Published: January 2020

Comprender la problemática que ejerce la norma y la disciplina, sobre las personas es un punto decisivo para construir y reivindicar la propia identidad dentro de las sociedades. Esta investigación toma como punto de partida este eje, respondiendo a la pregunta ¿Cuál es la relación entre las normativas y el desarrollo de las practicas corporales dentro de la escuela?. Se trata de entender como las normas escolares mediante el control y la disciplina van reproduciendo corporalidades específicas del ser estudiante. Dentro de esta crisis educativa, es importante innovar con nuevas metodologías, es así como la pedagogía en danza comienza a tomar fuerza en el instante que identifica al cuerpo como una herramienta de aprendizaje y creatividad, desvinculándose de la educación formal que coarta el desarrollo, la autonomía del aprendizaje del cuerpo y la identidad.
Devenir Ekeka o la vulnerabilidad como resistencia.
Authors: Medalla Contreras Tania 
Published: January 2020

La obra Ekeka es una creación de danza contemporánea del Colectivo Proyecto Ekeka, dirigida por Tania Rojas Benvenuto e interpretada por Bárbara Achondo, estrenada en enero de 2019 en la Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano.La obra propone, mediante una indagación desde la danza contemporánea y en diálogo con distintas materialidades, reflexionar acerca del cuerpo de la mujer latinoamericana en la sociedad contemporánea, sus cargas simbólicas y materiales. En el siguiente texto se proponen algunas perspectivas de lectura para la obra Ekeka, desde el diálogo con las prácticas visuales contemporáneas, teniendo como principal motivo de reflexión la artículación palimpséstica de materialidades escénicas y cuerpo danzante.
Reassessment of source parameters of ‘major’ southern African earthquakes
Authors: Midzi V. , Pule T. , Mulabisana T. , Zulu B. , Manzunzu B. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractModerate to large earthquakes within an earthquake catalogue contribute significantly to the seismic hazard and risk assessment results of any region. Thus it is prudent to ensure these events have reliable source parameters (epicentres and magnitude). The dataset of events compiled in this study contains a total of 117 instrumentally recorded events of magnitude M ≥5.0, whose parameters were obtained from the Council for Geoscience (CGS) and International Seismological Centre (ISC) databases. The events are mostly located in South Africa with a few in neighbouring countries. Parametric data made up of all available phase data and amplitudes associated with each of the earthquakes were compiled. The availability of these data enabled the earthquake epicentres and magnitude values to be recalculated using the velocity model and the local magnitude relation that are currently being used by the CGS in its analysis of national seismic data. The accuracy of the relocations was determined by producing and analysing three parameters, the azimuthal distribution of seismograph stations (GAP), root-mean-square of travel time residuals (RMS) and epicenter location error data. The analysis of these parameters showed that there was an improvement in the accuracy of the relocated events. Using the ISC location algorithm, iLOC, eight preselected events were further analysed. From this analysis, two earthquakes were found to satisfy the conditions for Ground Truth (GT595%) candidacy whilst four events satisfied the criteria for GT2090% candidacy.