bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of FSW Parameters to Improve the Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of Aluminium Alloy AA 5083 Joints
Authors: Saravana Kumar R , Rajasekaran T , Singh Sahil Deep , Kumar Sameer , Mishra Prakar , Shrivastav Priyanshu , Ravishankar Shashank 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is carried out on armour grade AA5083 aluminium alloy having the dimensions of 100X75X6.35 mm. The FSW process and tool parameters play a major role in deciding the joint strength. Many processing conditions and material properties affect the microstructure evolution and mechanical behaviours of the produced joints. Various parameters such as welding speed, tilt angle, spindle speed and various tool profile are used. Analyzing the mechanical behaviours of joints welded like tensile strength and hardness were investigated. The tool rotation and welding direction same side are similar is called Advancing side (AS) and opposite on the other known as retreating side (RS). The input process parameters which influence the strength of the joints. Main consideration is to select the best parameter to produce the defect free joints. Experiment is designed to determine the major factors affecting the hardness and tensile strength of the joints. Effect of rotational speed, welding speed and tilt angle on tensile strength and hardness are studied. The contribution of each factor is determined from ANOVA analysis “Tensile strength and hardness increased with increasing the rotational speed 1000 rpm to 1400 rpm, traverse speed from 30 mm/min to 40mm/min”. This investigation mainly deals with Taguchi and ANOVA were performed to improve the effective characteristics of welding inputs.
Prediction of Optimum Welding parameters for Friction stir welding of Aluminium Alloy AA5083 Using Response Surface Method
Authors: Saravana Kumar R , Rajasekaran T , Prasad Varun G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is carried out on armour grade aluminium alloy AA 5083 with dimensions of 100X50X6.35 mm. The process parameters like tool profile play a significant role to enhance the welding. Many processing conditions influence the microstructure progression and mechanical behaviour of the produced joints. The main parameters involved in the welding process is discussed under this work. Various parameters such as welding speed, tilt angle, spindle speed and various tool profile are used. Analysing the mechanical behaviours of joints welded like tensile strength and hardness is investigated. In this work tool profiles are designed according to the specific dimensions and the tool material chosen is H13. The tool profiles which are chosen are Cylindrical, Tapered and Hexagonal. So, for this profile, the welds are made accordingly. The Study involves the process which is going to take place are Tensile strength, Impact strength, Hardness, and Microstructure. After the finished AA5083 welded aluminium alloy, it is cut in using the EDM machine according to the ASTM standard. The experiment is designed to determine the major factors affecting the hardness and tensile strength of the joints. For the speed of the tool, tool profile and forward movement of the tool tensile strength and hardness are studied. The contribution of each factor is determined from RSM; For the nine samples, the different factors which are used in this process are compared and investigated. These sample values are compared and analysed by using ANOVA. Based on the values obtained from the test the graph is plotted and based upon the speed of the tool from 1000 to 1500 rpm and forward motion of the tool from 18 to 24 mm/min values is investigated.
Characteristic Study of Friction Stir Welding of Aluminium Alloy AA7075 Using H13 Surface Hardened Tool Steel with Variable Tool Pin Design
Authors: Saravana Kumar R , Rajasekaran T , Sivasubramanian S , Garg Dhruv , Gouda Debasis , Tiwari Ritwik , Singh Akashendra 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Friction Stir Welding is a solid-state process where a tool which is not consumable rotates between two metals or alloy. In FSW process heat is generated because of the friction that is developed between the tool and the work piece below the melting point of the material. Compared to conventional welding this FSW process can be used for welding alloys such as aluminium, copper, etc. In this process, we can even weld two different types of alloy together which is not possible in conventional welding. Aluminium alloy AA7075 (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) is a type of alloy which shows high strength and corrosive resistant because of the zinc content in the alloy. This zinc act as a sacrificial anode for the alloy which forms a outer covering on the surface of the alloy which is the one which gets corroded first and then followed by the alloy. In this FSW the parameters play the significant role that determines the weld characteristics. Here, aluminium alloy of series AA7075 of thickness 6mm is welded by Friction Stir Welding Process. This alloy contains zinc with a minimum amount of 5.8%. This zinc acts as a sacrificial-anode in sub-marines application, where this zinc forms like an outer covering layer on the surface of the submarine. So, this zinc gets corroded first keeping the sub-marine safe for a long period. After the Friction Stir Welding Process is completed, different tests are performed in the welded portion of the alloy. The test starts with the Ultimate Tensile Test followed by the Impact hardness test and the microstructure of the welded portion is studied. The welding parameter such as rotational speed, transverse speed is optimized in this process by using the Taguchi analysis. Taguchi method greatly improves the design and engineering productivity. This method is very effective on regard of its simple experimental design and systematic approach to produce better quality at lower costs. The optimum results can be obtained by providing the input functions and can easily produce better results. By this effect of input variables the results can be formed by S/N ratio and response means. The Larger is better criteria is employed to our problems.
Optimization of welding parameters in CMT welding of Al 5083 alloys using VIKOR optimization method
Authors: Aravind A P , Suryaprakash S , Vishal S , Sethuraman M , Deepan Bharathi Kannan T , Umar M , Rajak Sonu 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this paper, an effort is made to examine the cold metal transfer (CMT) welding of Al 5083 sheets having a thickness of 3 mm. The CMT welding was performed based on the L9 Taguchi orthogonal array with welding current (A), welding speed (mm/min) and welding frequency (Hz) as input parameters. The quality of weld was studied by measuring the reinforcement, bead width (BW), depth of penetration (DOP) and heat affected zone width (HAZW). The optimized parameters were found by the VIKOR multi-objective optimization method. The eighth experiment was identified as the optimized parameter from the VIKOR method.
Performance analysis of process variables on laser beam machining of inconel-718 alloy
Authors: Manoj Samson R , Ranjith R , Nirmal R , Geethapriyan T 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Carbon-dioxide laser beam machining (LBM) is used for machining intricate shapes and hard materials which are inconceivable with conventional machining methods. Inconel 718 finds its prime applications in manufacturing high pressure turbine components and structural components of aerospace industry. Inconel 718 alloy exhibits superior physical and mechanical properties at elevated temperature, Strength-to-density ratio and higher corrosion resistance. The objective of the current work is to determine the optimal setting of the process parameters like laser power, cutting speed, gas pressure while machining Inconel-718 material using oxygen gas. The experiment was conducted using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. A square washer with four holes of diameter 8 mm and one hole of diameter 64 mm was machined using laser beam machining and the best combination of process parameters to acquire better response parameters is computed. The optimized value of surface roughness was found to be 3.5µm and similarly material removal rate to be 45.56 m3/min when operated at 2.1m/min cutting speed, cut of type rough, 1mm of focal point and 4000bar gas pressure, The effect of input variables on various response parameters namely surface roughness (Ra), Heat affected zone thickness (HAZ), material removal rate (MRR), Taper, Circularity, hardness were studied. Morphology of the machined surface was investigated using SEM analysis.
Experimental investigation of milling operation on GFRP composites
Authors: Infanta Mary Priya I , Singhal Anshul 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
This work attempts to investigate the aspects of machining performance and its optimization during milling operation of glass fibre reinforced composites. Using Taguchi’s design approach, experiments are conducted as per the orthogonal array. The three input parameters considered for the milling operation are the number of flutes, feed rate and cutting speed. The various responses studied during this milling operation are machining force, cutting torque, surface roughness and delamination factor. Also optimization of the machining parameters (ie) number of flutes, feed rate and cutting speed are carried out on milling in order to minimize the surface delamination, machining force, cutting torque and delamination factor. The optimized results obtained after the study are found to be as feed rate of 0.05mm/rev, number of flutes as 4 and cutting speed as 1500 rpm and under these conditions the milling operation performed yielded better surface characteristics.
Effect of Process Variables on Electrochemical Micromachining of Titanium Alloy (Ti-3Al-2.5V)
Authors: Geethapiriyan T , Kumarasamy Gowtham , Lakshmanan T , Manoj Samson R , Silkson John J 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Electro-chemical Machining (ECM) is mainly used for shaping, deburring, milling and finishing operations in various precision industries and its use in micron level machining is called Electro-Chemical Micro Machining (EMM). EMM and ECM are receiving considerable attention from high-tech industries. It is because it allows to manufacture structures of complex shapes, it has high precision and accuracy, it is simpler and eco-friendly manufacturing technique and it can be used for different conducting materials. Different industry working with water which is saline, needs heat exchanger for the process. Titanium Alloy (Ti-3Al-2.5V) due to its high corrosion resistance under saline conditions is preferred by these industries. This present work is mainly concentrated on identifying the Material Removal rate (MRR) of Titanium Alloy (Ti-3Al-2.5V) workpiece by varying the process parameters like voltage, electrolyte concentration and duty cycle on electro-chemical micro machining.
Direct ink writing of ceramics for bio medical applications – A Review
Authors: Golcha Utsav , Praveen A S , Belgin Paul D L 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The 3D Printing technique has been globally used in bone tissue engineering as well as biomedical applications owing to its advantage of the quick, precise and controllable freeform fabrication process. In this printing technique, anatomical information of defected parts is gathered and converted into a CAD model, which is translated into Printer language. Among different additive manufacturing methods, direct ink writing (DIW) has gained attention among the academic and industrial communities due to its ability to build up the structure on any surface without any masking or tooling as well as no powder bed and the expensive laser source is required for printing. Bio-ceramics are utilized in biomedical fields because of the properties like high stiffness, bioactive, biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, therefore helping for bone regeneration and growing in vivo and in vitro environment. This paper reviews the current status and case studies involved in DIW of Bio-ceramic/composite for different biomedical applications.
Friction welding of dissimilar metals (aluminium AL 6061 T6 and stainless steel AISI 304)
Authors: Senkathir S , Siddharth V B 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In friction welding, welding takes place due to exterior pressure applied on the cylindrical rods. Both the specimen to be welded are having a linear motion or a rotary motion. The main benefit of friction welding, is that it produces low distortion. The other advantage is absence of defects and comparatively high weld strength. It can also be employed to weld materials that are considered difficult to weld by older welding methods. Friction welded specimen do not require any external auxiliary such as tools or filler rods and thus helps to save cost. Also, this method requires relatively lesser welding times as compared to other welding processes. Using this technology, we can achieve welding of a large number of materials which have distinct mechanical properties and chemical composition. Friction Welding also helps to reduce the costs of process by a significant amount. This also has shown prominent reduction in overall weight of the component. This study encapsulates the work done in friction welding, presents the summary of the testing done in this field till date in brief. The identification of proper welding parameters such as Friction Load, Friction Time and Forge Load is an important task. The problem of obtaining good weldability as well as high weld strength is tackled and dealt with hereby. Friction welding could be a discovery in production technology, a leap which will profit a large variety of industries, as well as the aviation, naval industries. It also has use in manufacturing drilling tools.
Robot Nano Spray Painting - A Review
Authors: Sai Kiran J R V , Prabhu S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Since 1970s, robotic painting has been widely adopted to manufacturing and automobile industry, because of its many advantages over manual painting in its high efficiency, economy and keeping workers away from hazardous chemicals. During the automated painting process, the spray gun, the end-effector of the painting robot, is guided to paint the targeted surface along the planned trajectories. Nano-sized additives are placed in the latex paint to enhance the quality of paint. The purpose of this study is twofold: examine the trajectory planning of robot and discuss the most influential parameters to increase the quality and lifetime of paint. Multiple databases were searched for literature and limiting to last ten years. The keywords selected for the search were a combination of the Paint thickness, Robot Spray Painting, Trajectory planning, Simulation, Nano Paint, Characteristics of paint, State of the art technologies. From the literature survey, few works were carried out using the robot paint and no work was conducted using the CNT based Nano paints and analysing the environmental characteristics, surface characteristics are very limited. This study will identify the factors that enhance the paint characteristics and will be useful for coating and paint industry. The factors like distance, pressure and speed are considered and the parameters like surface roughness, thickness and film adhesion is considered. To optimize the control parameters to improve the quality of Robot Nano spray paint coating by Robot Trajectory planning. Examine the control parameters to increase life time of painting and shining characteristic in current scenario of industry.
Investigations on the machinability of titanium alloy using low frequency vibration assisted turning under minimum quantity lubrication
Authors: Umasekar V G , Gopal M , Shravan Kumar C 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Titanium alloy found major applications in aerospace, automobile and chemical factories due to its large strength at elevated temperature, good corrosion resistance, low thermal conductivity and light weight. Because of its superior qualities, this alloy found difficult to machine. The machinability of titanium alloy can be improved by adding low frequency vibrations (less than 1000 cycles per second) to the cutting tool. An enhancement in the machining performance can be attained by applying minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) in the cutting zone. In this study an attempt has been made to enhance the machinability of Ti6Al4V alloy by using MQL technique during low frequency vibration assisted turning (LFVAT). Experiments were conducted and the influence of low frequency vibrations plus MQL on the turning process was estimated by measuring the average surface roughness, main cutting force and tool wear. The performance of LFVAT, LFVAT + MQL, conventional turning (CT) and CT+MQL compared in terms of the aforesaid output parameters.
Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials and its Application as a Reverse Osmosis Membrane: An Overview
Authors: Thirugnanam M , Rajasekaran G 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
With increased rate of global population and energy needs the clean water crisis aggravating all over the world continuously. Membranes based Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination technology is a promising solution to the shortage of safe drinking water as it has a high water recovery with low energy consumption compared to other separation techniques at minimum cost. Two dimensional (2D) nanoscale materials such as graphene with sub-nanopores have potential to excel as a RO membrane. Recent developments in 2D nanomaterials addressed the capability of RO membrane in terms of both mechanical strength and desalination performance. Developing the 2D materials with controlled pore (vacancy defect) sizes, pore chemistry and applied pressure is attracted vast interest in synthesizing such type of materials as a RO membrane. In this article, authors reviewed various 2D nanomaterials and its performance as a membrane in RO process.
Taguchi based Optimization of Coated and Uncoated Tool Insert for Turning Ti6Al4V using Grey Relation Analysis
Authors: Ambigai R , Prabhu S , Gandhi Raj 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
The titanium alloy Ti6Al4V has been widely used due to its high strength to weight ratio. The titanium machinability is very troublesome because of its hardness, low elastic modulus at elevated temperature and thermal conductivity, and has high chemical affinity. In this paper we have studied surface roughness, material removal rate for CNC Turning of Ti6Al4Vby comparing it with two inserts, one is tungsten carbide coated having a coating of TiAlN and the other is the uncoated tungsten carbide inserts by varying the input parameters such as cutting Speed, feed rate, depth of cut (DOC). These experiments were based on Taguchi’s orthogonal array for three factor and three levels and experiments has been conducted based on L27 orthogonal array for turning operation on computer numerical control machine. Further optimization is done based on multi response optimization-Grey Relational Approach (GRA) to get the optimized parameter for the maximum Material Removal Rate (MRR) and minimum Surface Roughness (Ra). However the surface roughness of the coated insert was found to minimal than the uncoated insert in which the coating just improves the life of the cutting tool.
Acoustic Emission Analysis for Damage Mechanism in Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite under Torsional Behaviour
Authors: Hemanth Raj G. , Prakash M. , Kumar Abburi Lakshman 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
In this study the torsional behaviour of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite rods of different matrix materials like PEEK, Aqua bond, Epoxy are studied and different types of failures are observed. The FRP composite rods are fabricated by using Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding (VARTM) method as per the standards. FRP composite rods are tested in the digital torsion testing machine (MTS100NM). The Acoustic Emission (AE) sensors are used to analyse the nature of the cracks. The defects in FRP composite rods are identified, like surface micro cracks, matrix failure and reinforcement failure. After getting AE signals based on different AE Parameters like Time, Frequency, AE hits and AE energy from the obtained results the failure initiation and crack propagation are identified, Hence the AE method is best suitable technique for identify the micro failures.
Experimental study on end milling parameters of Ti6Al4V Titanium superalloy in different cutting environment
Authors: Vignesh S , Mohammed Iqbal U 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Machining of super alloys becomes highly demanded in aerospace industries. Titanium alloys tend to fall under the above category due to its density ratio and high strength. Machining under dry conditions and conventional coolants were performing better under normal conditions. Also, disposal of contaminant coolants created a necessity to find an alternate to it. Cryogenic coolant is a recent sustainable green machining process which is considered as one of the efficient process to replace conventional coolants. In the study, Liquid nitrogen (cryogenic coolant) was utilized a cryogenic coolant to endmill the Ti6Al4V titanium superalloy at varying investigative parameters depth of cut, feed rate and speed of spindle. This study was also focused on comparing cryogenic coolant with dry machining by measuring its surface integrity. Cryogenic milling has given beneficial results when compared to dry milling. Taguchi L9 technique was utilized for experiment design and corresponding ANOVA was done to find the most influencing parameter and optimized values. At higher speeds and feed rate (i.e.,5000 rpm and 0.6 mm/min) around 15% improvement was found in cryogenic milling when compared to dry milling. In environment and health of worker or machinist point of view, cryogenic machining leads to clean and green manufacturing without compromising the quality of output.
Path Planning of Serial Two Link Planar Manipulator for Avoidance of Steam Generator Plugged Tube
Authors: Perumalsamy G , Kumar Deepak , Visweswaran P , Joseph Winston S , Murugan S 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) has 8 Steam Generators (SGs). Inspection of SGs requires a remote tooling to reach each of the 547 tubes. In PFBR SG, Sodium flows through the shell side and water/steam through the tube side. Degradation of the SG tubes are caused by corrosion, pitting, wear due to flow induced vibration; so it is necessary that degraded SG tube must be plugged at both ends in order to increase the availability of plant. So the plugged tubes will have some protrusion above tube sheet. As robotic device for inspection is two-axis Selective Compliant Assembly Robotic Arm (SCARA), so during movement from one tube to another tube, plugged tube has to be avoided for safe operation. In this paper path planning technique using vector algebra has been used to find out via point in the Cartesian space. The via point is selected such that robot can avoid plugged tube& ensures healthy operation of device.
Experimental studies on magnesium metal matrix composites processed by Twist Extrusion
Authors: Mohammed Iqbal U. , Muralidharan S. , Abhishek PV 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Recently magnesium alloys and magnesium composite were widely used due to their good strength to weight ratio. These materials find its applications in the bio-medical and in aviation industries. The aim of this study is to twist extrude the hybrid magnesium composite. The magnesium AZ91 alloy is used matrix medium and it was reinforced with 2%SiC and 1.5% B4C. The twist extrusion was carried out in a split die with a slope angle of 54°. The composite is prepared by the bottom pouring method. The number of passes is limited to one, as adding the reinforcement increases the brittleness of the composites. The twist extrusion of the composite resulted in a porosity free sample. Hardness was measured by Macro-Vickers tester and ASTM A370 standard was used for the tensile test. Results indicate an increase 26.6% in strength and 38.5% hardness of the twist extruded composite.