bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HPV Types in Cervical Precancer by HIV Status and Birth Region: A Population-Based Register Study
Authors: Carlander Christina , Lagheden Camilla , Eklund Carina , Nordqvist Kleppe Sara , Dzabic Mensur , Wagner Philippe , Yilmaz Aylin , Elfgren Kristina , Sönnerborg Anders , Sparén Pär , Dillner Joakim 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

Background:
Data are lacking regarding which human papillomavirus (HPV) types cause high-grade cervical neoplasia (CIN2+) in people with HIV in Europe. We assessed which HPV types are associated with CIN2+ in women living in Sweden by HIV status.

Methods:
The Swedish National HIV Registry, the Swedish Population Registry, and the Swedish National Cervical Screening Registry were linked. CIN2+ tissue blocks of 130 women living with HIV (WLWH) and 234 HIV-negative women, matched for country of birth (1:2), were retrieved from bio-banks and HPV genotyped. Adjusted ORs (adjOR), stratified by country of birth, were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Matching was broken for cross-group comparisons.

Results:
WLWH with CIN2 were less likely to have HPV16 [14% vs. 40%; adjOR 0.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.04–0.56] than HIV-negative women, but among women with CIN3, there was no difference in HPV16 prevalence by HIV status (adjOR 0.9; 95% CI, 0.51–1.70). WLWH were six times more likely to have HPV35 in CIN3 than HIV-negative women (adjOR 6.2; 95% CI, 1.3–30.4). WLWH from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) had less 9-valent vaccine types, compared with both HIV-negative women born in Sweden (adjOR 0.1; 95% CI, 0.02–0.44) and WLWH born in Sweden (adjOR 0.1; 95% CI, 0.01–0.73), mostly because of decreased HPV16 and increased HPV35.

Conclusions:
WLWH from SSA were less likely to be covered by the 9-valent vaccine, mostly due to less HPV16 and more HPV35.

Impact:
This could have implications for HPV vaccines, currently not including HPV35, and for HPV-screening algorithms in women with origin from SSA.
Decreasing Interstage Mortality After the Norwood Procedure: A 30‐Year Experience
Authors: Kaplinski Michelle , Ittenbach Richard F. , Hunt Mallory L. , Stephan Donna , Natarajan Shobha S. , Ravishankar Chitra , Giglia Therese M. , Rychik Jack , Rome Jonathan J. , Mahle Marlene , Kennedy Andrea T. , Steven James M. , Fuller Stephanie M. , Nicolson Susan C. , Spray Thomas L. , Gaynor J. William , Mascio Christopher E. 
Published: September 2020

Background
The superior cavo‐pulmonary connection was introduced at our institution in 1988 for infants undergoing surgery for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome remain at high risk for mortality in the time period between the Norwood procedure and the superior cavo‐pulmonary connection. The primary objectives of this study were to compare interstage mortality across 4 eras and analyze factors that may impact interstage mortality.

Methods and Results

Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who underwent the Norwood procedure, were discharged from the hospital, and were eligible for superior cavo‐pulmonary connection between January 1, 1988, and December 31, 2017, were included. The study period was divided into 4 eras based on changes in operative or medical management. Mortality rates were estimated with 95% CIs. Adjusted and unadjusted logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for mortality. There were 1111 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Overall, interstage mortality was 120/1111 (10.8%). Interstage mortality was significantly lower in era 4 relative to era 1 (4.6% versus 13.4%;
P
=0.02) during the time that age at the superior cavo‐pulmonary connection was the lowest (135 days;
P
<0.01) and the interstage monitoring program was introduced. In addition, use of the right ventricle to pulmonary artery shunt was associated with decreased interstage mortality (
P
=0.02) and was more routinely practiced in era 4.

Conclusions
During this 30‐year experience, the risk of interstage mortality decreased significantly in the most recent era. Factors that coincide with this finding include younger age at superior cavo‐pulmonary connection, introduction of an interstage monitoring program, and increased use of the right ventricle to pulmonary artery shunt.
Neuroplasticity in Post-Stroke Aphasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Functional Imaging Studies of Reorganization of Language Processing
Authors: Wilson Stephen M. , Schneck Sarah M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract
Recovery from aphasia is thought to depend on neural plasticity, that is, the functional reorganization of surviving brain regions such that they take on new or expanded roles in language processing. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of all articles published between 1995 and early 2020 that have described functional imaging studies of six or more individuals with post-stroke aphasia, and have reported analyses bearing on neuroplasticity of language processing. Each study was characterized and appraised in detail, with particular attention to three critically important methodological issues: task performance confounds, contrast validity, and correction for multiple comparisons. We identified 86 studies describing a total of 561 relevant analyses. We found that methodological limitations related to task performance confounds, contrast validity, and correction for multiple comparisons have been pervasive. Only a few claims about language processing in individuals with aphasia are strongly supported by the extant literature: First, left hemisphere language regions are less activated in individuals with aphasia than in neurologically normal controls; and second, in cohorts with aphasia, activity in left hemisphere language regions, and possibly a temporal lobe region in the right hemisphere, is positively correlated with language function. There is modest, equivocal evidence for the claim that individuals with aphasia differentially recruit right hemisphere homotopic regions, but no compelling evidence for differential recruitment of additional left hemisphere regions or domain-general networks. There is modest evidence that left hemisphere language regions return to function over time, but no compelling longitudinal evidence for dynamic reorganization of the language network.
Winter Extreme Mixed Layer Depth South of the Kuroshio Extension
Authors: Yu Jingjie , Gan Bolan , Jing Zhao , Wu Lixin 
Published: September 2020

AbstractChange in the extratropical wintertime-mean mixed layer has been widely studied, given its importance to both physical and biogeochemical processes. With a focus on the south of the Kuroshio Extension region where the mixed layer is deepest in March, this study shows that variation of the synoptic-scale extreme mixed layer depth (MLD) is a better precursor than the monthly mean (or nonextreme) MLD for change in the subtropical mode water formation in spring, based on the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (1979–2010). It is found that the extreme MLD events are attributable to the accumulation of excessive surface cooling driven by the synoptic storms that characterize cold-air outbreaks. Particularly, the difference between the extreme and nonextreme MLD is primarily related to differences in the cumulative synoptic heat flux anomalies, while a change in the preconditioning upper-ocean stratification contributes almost equally to both cases. Relative contributions of oceanic and atmospheric forcing to the interannual variation of the extreme MLD are quantified using a bulk mixed layer model. Results show comparable contributions: the preconditioning stratification change accounts for ~44% of total variance of the extreme MLD, whereas the convective mixing by surface heat flux and the mechanical stirring by wind stress account for ~35% and ~13%, respectively. In addition, both the reanalysis and observational data reveal that the extreme and nonextreme MLD has been shallowed significantly during 1979–2010, which is accounted for by the strengthened stratification due to the enhanced ocean surface warming by the Kuroshio heat transport.
The Impact of Meanders, Deepening and Broadening, and Seasonality on Agulhas Current Temperature Variability
Authors: McMonigal K. , Beal Lisa M. , Elipot Shane , Gunn Kathryn L. , Hermes Juliet , Morris Tamaryn , Houk Adam 
Published: September 2020

AbstractFor the first time, the temperature transport of the Agulhas Current is quantified in a time series. Over a 25-month mooring deployment at 34°S, seven tall moorings were instrumented to measure current velocity, temperature, and salinity. Current- and pressure-recording inverted echosounders were used to extend geostrophic velocity, temperature, and salinity records to 300 km offshore. In the mean, the current transports 3.8 PW of heat southward relative to 0°C: −76 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) at a transport-weighted temperature of 12.3°C. A 0.9-PW standard deviation in temperature transport is due to variability in both volume transport and the temperature field. Meandering of the current core dominates variability in the temperature field by warming temperatures offshore and cooling temperatures near the coast. However, meandering has a limited impact on the temperature transport, which varies more closely with a deepening and broadening of the current associated with an inshore isotherm shoaling and an offshore isotherm deepening. Stronger southward temperature transports correspond to a deeper current transporting more volume, yet at a cooler transport-weighted temperature. Seasonality is not observed in the temperature transport time series, possibly because of the offsetting effects of cooler temperatures during times of seasonally stronger volume transports. Although volume transport and temperature transport are highly correlated, the large variability in transport-weighted temperature means that using volume transport alone to infer temperature transport results in an error that could be as large as 24% of the southern Indian Ocean heat transport.
Scale Awareness, Resolved Circulations, and Practical Limits in the MYNN–EDMF Boundary Layer and Shallow Cumulus Scheme
Authors: Angevine Wayne M. , Olson Joseph , Gristey Jake J. , Glenn Ian , Feingold Graham , Turner David D. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractProper behavior of physics parameterizations in numerical models at grid sizes of order 1 km is a topic of current research. Modifications to parameterization schemes to accommodate varying grid sizes are termed “scale aware.” The general problem of grids on which a physical process is partially resolved is called the “gray zone” or “terra incognita.” Here we examine features of the Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino (MYNN) boundary layer scheme with eddy diffusivity and mass flux (EDMF) that were intended to provide scale awareness, as implemented in WRF, version 4.1. Scale awareness is provided by reducing the intensity of nonlocal components of the vertical mixing in the scheme as the grid size decreases. However, we find that the scale-aware features cause poorer performance in our tests on a 600-m grid. The resolved circulations on the 600-m grid have different temporal and spatial scales than are found in large-eddy simulations of the same cases, for reasons that are well understood theoretically and are described in the literature. The circulations [model convectively induced secondary circulations (M-CISCs)] depend on the grid size and on details of the model numerics. We conclude that scale awareness should be based on effective resolution, and not on grid size, and that the gray-zone problem for boundary layer turbulence and shallow cumulus cannot be solved simply by reducing the intensity of the parameterization. Parameterizations with different characteristics may lead to different conclusions.
Term Limits in Academic Public Health Administration
Authors: Smith Dean G. 
Published: September 2020

Objectives Term limits might be appropriate for leadership positions in academic public health. This study assessed the appointment processes and terms for deans, directors, and chairs of schools and programs of public health and their views on term limits. Methods A 10-question survey was developed for the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health and provided electronically to 127 deans and program directors in November and December 2019, of whom 58 (46%) responded. Results Of 54 respondents to the question on term limits, 45 deans and directors of schools and programs of public health served with no terms or limits and 9 served with terms of 3-5 years with no limits on the number of terms. Respondents largely agreed with most arguments for or against term limits. Of 51 respondents, most indicated completely or moderately valid support for 2 arguments for term limits: diversity (n = 40) and succession planning (n = 40). Of 51 respondents, most indicated completely or moderately valid support for 3 arguments against term limits: stable and continuous leadership (n = 40), time for leadership development (n = 37), and loss of institutional memory (n = 35). Twenty-seven of 53 responding deans and directors viewed the most appropriate terms and limits as being more restrictive than their current terms; the other 26 viewed the most appropriate terms as being the same as their current terms. No respondents preferred less restrictive limits than their current terms. Conclusion Although term limits for deans, directors, and chairs are rare in schools and programs of public health, many deans and directors view term limits as appropriate. Schools and programs may reconsider their current policies for term limits.
Redefining Pain and Addiction: Creation of a Statewide Curriculum
Authors: Villarroel Lisa , Mardian Aram S. , Christ Cara , Rehman Shakaib 
Published: September 2020

Objectives In response to a declared statewide public health emergency due to opioid-related overdose deaths, the Arizona Department of Health Services guided the creation of a modern, statewide, evidence-based curriculum on pain and addiction that would be relevant for all health care provider types. Methods The Arizona Department of Health Services convened and facilitated 4 meetings during 4 months with a workgroup comprising the deans and curriculum representatives of all 18 medical, osteopathic, physician assistant, nurse practitioner, dental, podiatry, and naturopathic programs in Arizona. During this collaborative and iterative process, the workgroup reviewed existing curricula, established a philosophical framework, and developed a flexible and practical structure for a curriculum that would suit the needs of all program types. Results The Arizona Pain and Addiction Curriculum was finalized in June 2018. The curriculum aims to redefine pain and addiction as multidimensional public health issues and is structured as 10 core components, each supported by a detailed set of evidence-based objectives. The curriculum includes a set of annual metrics to collect from both programs (focused on implementation progress and barriers) and learners (focused on knowledge, attitudes, and practice plans). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first example of a statewide collaboration among diverse health professional education programs to create a single, standard curriculum. This collaborative process and the nonproprietary Arizona Pain and Addiction Curriculum may serve as a useful template for other states to enhance pain and addiction education.
Ranibizumab plus fufang xueshuantong capsule versus ranibizumab alone for exudative age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Pan Hai-Tao , Wang Jun-Jun , Huang Jun-Long , Shuai Yuan-Lu , Li Jia , Hu Zi-Zhong , Ding Yu-Zhi , Liu Qing-Huai 
Published: September 2020

Objective To compare the efficacy of ranibizumab plus fufang xueshuantong capsule (cFXST) with the efficacy of ranibizumab alone in treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration. Methods This prospective, randomized, controlled, pilot study included 38 eyes from 38 patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that were randomly allocated into two cohorts of 19 eyes each: ranibizumab (Cr) and ranibizumab plus cFXST (Cfr). All patients received three monthly injections of ranibizumab. Patients in Cfr also received daily oral supplementation of cFXST. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and thickness of the choroidal neovascularization-pigment epithelial detachment (CNV-PED) complex (measured by optical coherence tomography) were recorded at baseline and at 1 and 3 months after the first intravitreal injection of ranibizumab. Results In the Cfr, the CNV-PED complex thickness was reduced by 31.7% and 36.1% at 1 and 3 months, respectively; these reductions were significantly greater than the 19.7% and 24.2% reductions in the Cr. BCVA improvement was significantly greater in the Cfr than in the Cr after 3 months; the proportion of patients with functional response was also greater in the Cfr than in the Cr (16/16 vs. 8/17). Conclusion Oral cFXST increases the efficacy of short-term ranibizumab treatment for exudative AMD.
Saikosaponin D inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells by inhibiting the STAT3 pathway
Authors: Wu Shibo , Chen Weizhuang , Liu Kaitai , Ren Feng , Zheng Dawei , Xu Feng , Wu Hongcheng 
Published: September 2020

Objective To study the effects of saikosaponin D (SSD) on proliferation and apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, and to explore underlying mechanisms. Methods Following treatment with saikosaponin D, A549 and H1299 cells were assessed for anti-proliferation effects using cell cycle kit-8 assays, changes in nuclear morphology using 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, and cell apoptosis using annexin V/propidium iodide double staining. Proliferation- and apoptosis-related proteins were detected by immunoblotting. Results Saikosaponin D had dose-dependent inhibitory effects on A549 cells (IC50, 3.57 µM) and H1299 cells (IC50, 8.46 µM). DAPI staining revealed decreased cell numbers, and most H1299 cells became round after treatment with 20 µM saikosaponin D. As saikosaponin D concentration increased, the proportions of cells in G0/G1 phase, and cells undergoing apoptosis, increased. Levels of phosphorylated p44/42 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 were significantly downregulated in both cell lines, while total STAT3 levels were not significantly affected. The cleaved form of caspase 3 was significantly upregulated. Conclusions Saikosaponin D inhibits proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, in lung cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, possibly through inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation and activation of caspase 3.
Efficacy of Biocage in treating single-segment lumbar degenerative disease in patients with high risk of non-fusion: a prospective controlled study with at least 2 years’ follow-up
Authors: Li Yang , Yu Yang , Hou Tian-yong , Zhang Ze-hua , Xing Jun-chao , Lu Hong-wei , Zhou Rui , Cheng Peng , Xu Jian-Zhong , Wu Wen-jie , Luo Fei 
Published: September 2020

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of an allogeneic bone cage (Biocage; Beijing Datsing Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) for treatment of single-segment lumbar degenerative disease in patients with a high risk of non-fusion. Methods From January 2013 to December 2016, 67 patients who underwent lumbar fusion were divided into the Biocage group (n = 33) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) group (n = 34). The patients were followed up for 24 to 48 months. The mean intervertebral height of the fusion level, fusion rate, height of the intervertebral foramen, visual analog scale score, and Oswestry disability index were compared. Results The PEEK group had a lower fusion rate than the Biocage group (88.24% vs. 90.91%), although the difference was not statistically significant. During follow-up, the height of the intervertebral space was similar between the Biocage and PEEK groups (12.88 ± 0.45 and 12.84 ± 1.01 mm, respectively). The height of the intervertebral foramen was larger in the Biocage than PEEK group (20.67 ± 1.34 vs. 20.00 ± 2.05 mm). Good clinical efficacy was achieved in both groups. Conclusion The Biocage is efficient and safe for treatment of single-segment lumbar degenerative disease in patients with a high risk of non-fusion.
Evaluation of the diagnostic value of platelet indices in pediatric acute appendicitis
Authors: Oktay M. Murat , Boğan Mustafa , Çolak Selcan Türker , Sabak Mustafa , Gümüşboğa Hasan , Eren Sevki Hakan 
Published: September 2020

Objective Abdominal examination findings in pediatric acute appendicitis (AA) significantly vary by age. Therefore, grading systems have been developed for diagnosing pediatric appendicitis, and laboratory and radiological findings have an important role in this diagnosis. However, there is a need to develop new parameters for diagnosing AA. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of platelet indices in AA. Methods This retrospective, observational study included 207 pediatric patients who were admitted to the Emergency Department and operated on for AA. The patients were divided into three groups on the basis of their surgical and histopathological findings (non-AA, uncomplicated AA, and complicated AA). Results There was no significant difference in the mean platelet volume/platelet count (MPV/PC) ratio among the groups. The white blood cell (WBC) count and the MPV/PC ratio showed a significant negative relationship (r = −0.239). The specificity for MPV was 61.8% and the sensitivity was 68.8%. Receiver operating curve analysis of WBC and MPV showed significance for diagnosing AA. Conclusion There is a negative, but weak, relationship between the WBC count and the MPV/PC ratio. However, the MPV/PC ratio could be a useful parameter for diagnosing pediatric AA according to receiver operating curve analysis.
Identification of a SCN4A mutation in a large Chinese family with atypical normokalemic periodic paralysis using whole-exome sequencing
Authors: Tan XinYu , Hu SongNian , Xie Zongyu , Mei Hailiang , Liu Yang , Yin Liang , Shi Peng , Chen Qiming , Sang Daoqian 
Published: September 2020

Objectives Normokalemic periodic paralysis (NormoKPP) of skeletal muscle is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding voltage-gated sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha ( SCN4A), which leads to ion channel dysfunction. Little is known about the relationship between genotype and the clinical symptoms of NormoKPP. The present study aimed to evaluate the genetic variation in a large Chinese family with NormoKPP. The patients in this pedigree did not respond to saline treatment, but calcium gluconate treatment was effective. Methods We performed a series of clinical examinations and genetic analyses, using whole-exome and Sanger sequencing, to examine the mutation status of SCN4A in a Chinese family segregating for NormoKPP. Results Whole-exome sequencing revealed a c.2111C>T substitution in SCN4A in most of the affected family members. This mutation results in the amino acid substitution p.T704M. Conclusions These results support a causative role of this mutation in SCN4A in NormoKPP, and provide information about the relationship between genotype and atypical clinical symptoms.