bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Paying for Milk Solids on the Performance of the Dairy Supply Chain and Consumers
Authors: Pinha Lucas Campio , Braga Marcelo José , Carvalho Glauco Rodrigues 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
An important particularity of the dairy chain is that many times the main interest of the dairy industry relies on milk components, the so-called milk solids. Paying for milk solids content is a way of trying to create incentives for farms to invest in improving the solids content. However, little is known about the effects of this type of payment on the dairy supply chain. The paper proposes a microeconomic model to analyze the effects of paying for milk solids content on the performance of farms, dairy processors and consumer welfare. Based on the model, we find that this mechanism improves the yield of milk in producing dairy products and benefits farms, processor and consumers simultaneously. Extensions demonstrate the robustness of results and provide a generalized model and conditions for which these results are valid.
Problems and Challenges of the Modern Historiography of the Zwinglian Reformation
Authors: Opitz Peter 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Critical research into the Zwinglian Reformation arose in the period of historicism and liberalism in the 19th century. The pioneers of this research accomplished important achievements, especially by publishing critical editions of Zwingli’s works. At the same time, they interpreted Zwingli as a liberator and educator of the people rather than as a theologian. In the twentieth century, research perspectives multiplied. Zwingli has been taken more seriously as a theologian, and the tight alliance between the Reformation and politics has been emphasized. The intricate political structure and the Republican mentality of the Confederation deeply shaped the character of the Swiss Reformation. Zwingli was its central figure, but the Swiss Reformation should be called a Communal Reformation (Gemeindereformation). Having many similarities to the Wittenberg Reformation, it is nevertheless an independent variety within the pan-European Reformation movements. We must, therefore, study the Swiss Reformation with its own distinct development and dynamics, as well as within its interconnected European-wide network.
On null arguments and phi-features in second language acquisition
Authors: Miyamoto Yoichi , Yamada Kazumi 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSaito, Mamoru. 2007. Notes on East Asian argument ellipsis.Language Research43. 203–227 argues thatargument ellipsis(AE) is available only in languages that lack phi-feature agreement. Accordingly, Japanese, but not English, permits AE. Under Saito’s theoretical framework, this paper compares experimental data from L1 Japanese learners of L2 English (J-EFL) and L1 English learners of L2 Japanese (E-JFL). Given that sloppy and quantificational reading arises from an ellipsis operation (Hankamer, Jorge & Sag, Ivan. 1976. Deep and surface anaphora.Linguistic Inquiry7. 391–426, Takahashi, Daiko. 2008. Noun phrase ellipsis. In Miyagawa, Shigeru & Saito, Mamoru (eds.),The Oxford handbook of Japanese linguistics, 394–422. Oxford: Oxford University Press, among others), we hypothesize that J-EFL learners, but not E-JFL learners, allow the reading in point with null arguments: AE is available only in the grammar of J-EFL learners, forced by the lack of phi-features in their L2 English grammar, due to L1 transfer. The results from our main study adopting a truth value judgement task supported the hypothesis. Based on our finding, we suggest that correct L2 phi-feature specification can ultimately be obtained when no phi-features are present in L1 (Ishino, Nao. 2012.Feature transfer and feature learning in universal grammar: A comparative study of the syntactic mechanism for second language acquisition. Doctoral dissertation: Kwansei Gakuin University, Miyamoto, Yoichi. 2012.Dainigengo-ni okeru hikenzaiteki-na yōso-ni kansuru Ichikōsatsu[A study on null elements in second language acquisition]. Paper presented at the 84th ELSJ annual general meeting: Senshu University, 26 May).
On the (ir)regularity of Dunan verbal morphophonology
Authors: de Chene Brent 
Published: November 2020

AbstractAgainst claims of Yamada, Pellard, and Shimoji (Yamada, Masahiro, Thomas Pellard & Michinori Shimoji. 2015. Dunan grammar (Yonaguni Ryukyuan). In Patrick Heinrich, Shinshō Miyara & Michinori Shimoji (eds.),Handbook of the Ryukyuan languages, 449–478. Berlin: de Gruyter and Pellard, Thomas & Masahiro Yamada. 2017. Verb morphology and conjugation classes in Dunan (Yonaguni). In Ferenc Kiefer, James P. Blevins & Huba Bartos (eds.),Perspectives on morphological organization: Data and analyses, 31–49. Leiden: Brill), I argue that the verbal morphophonology of Dunan (Yonaguni) is in most respects systematic and rule-governed. I first identify the relatively low-level rules that govern the resolution of hiatus at stem boundary and then review stem and suffix alternations, showing that in each case there is only a limited amount of lexically listed allomorphy. After summarizing the proposed analysis and displaying representative derivations, I propose a set of principles on the basis of which the central elements of that analysis could be attained by language learners. Finally, I consider the reasons for the divergence between the conclusions reached here and those of Yamada, Pellard, and Shimoji, suggesting that an even more important factor than the unreceptiveness of those authors to the postulation of phonological rules is their skepticism about the concept of the morpheme.
Acceleration of nonlinear solvers for natural convection problems
Authors: Pollock Sara , Rebholz Leo G. , Xiao Mengying 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
This paper develops an efficient and robust solution technique for the steady Boussinesq model of non-isothermal flow using Anderson acceleration applied to a Picard iteration. After analyzing the fixed point operator associated with the nonlinear iteration to prove that certain stability and regularity properties hold, we apply the authors’ recently constructed theory for Anderson acceleration, which yields a convergence result for the Anderson accelerated Picard iteration for the Boussinesq system. The result shows that the leading term in the residual is improved by the gain in the optimization problem, but at the cost of additional higher order terms that can be significant when the residual is large. We perform numerical tests that illustrate the theory, and show that a 2-stage choice of Anderson depth can be advantageous. We also consider Anderson acceleration applied to the Newton iteration for the Boussinesq equations, and observe that the acceleration allows the Newton iteration to converge for significantly higher Rayleigh numbers that it could without acceleration, even with a standard line search.
Performance comparison of all-optical logic gates using electro-optic effect in MZI-based waveguide switch at 1.46 µm
Authors: Kaur Sehajpal , Singh Maninder Lal , Priyanka  , Singh Mandeep 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Nowadays to process information on high speed and to reduce the complexity of digital devices, optical digital computational techniques are required. Many complex signal processing functions such as multiplexing, optical switching, addressing, coding/decoding are implemented using optical digital computational techniques. Optical logic gates are one of the most essential computational elements to design combinational and sequential circuits in optical signal processing. In this paper, all optical logic gates are designed with optimized structure of 2 × 2 Mach–Zehnder interferometer optical switch using Ti:LiNbO3 based waveguide at 1.46 µm employing electro-optic effect. Different design structures to realize all-optical logic gates are presented and compared with the previously designed optical logic gates. The mathematical description of all optical logic gates using cascaded structure of Mach–Zehnder interferometer switch is also defined. The performance parameters of designed optical logic gates have been analyzed by beam propagation method and the obtained results are verified by MATLAB.
Combination of sleep duration, TV time and body mass index is associated with cardiometabolic risk moderated by age in youth
Authors: Sehn Ana P. , Gaya Anelise R. , Brand Caroline , Dias Arieli F. , Kelishadi Roya , Franke Silvia I. R. , Renner Jane D. P. , Reuter Cézane P. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The combination of sleep duration, television (TV) time and body mass index (BMI) may be related to the alteration of cardiometabolic risk. However, there are few studies that use these variables grouped, and showing the moderating role of age. This study aimed to verify if the combination of sleep duration, TV time and BMI is associated with cardiometabolic risk and the moderating role of age in this relationship in youth.

Methods
Cross-sectional study conducted with 1411 adolescents (611 male), aged 10–17 years. Sleep duration, TV time and BMI were assessed and grouped into eight categories. Cardiometabolic risk was assessed by a continuous metabolic risk score, including the following variables: low HDL-cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, dysglycemia, high systolic blood pressure, high waist circumference and low cardiorespiratory fitness. Generalized linear models were used to test moderation of age in the relationship between the eight categories of sleep duration/television time/BMI with cardiometabolic risk.

Results
Cardiometabolic risk factor showed association with all overweight or obesity independent of sleep time and TV time. Age moderated the relationship between sleep duration/television time/BMI with cardiometabolic risk. This association was stronger in younger adolescents (11 and 13 years), indicating that individuals with inadequate sleep, prolonged TV time and overweight/obesity present higher cardiometabolic risk values when compared to 15-year-old adolescents.

Conclusion
Overweight/obesity, independently of sleep duration and TV time, is the main risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders in adolescence. When moderated by age, younger adolescents that presented the combination of risk factors had higher cardiometabolic risk.
Kant’s Critical Objection to the Rationalists in the B-Deduction
Authors: Tai Terence Hua 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
According to a familiar reading of Kant, he denies the possibility alleged by the rationalists of our having non-sensible or intellectual intuition. I argue in this article that he simply holds the possibility to be groundless. To put the contrast in terms of a distinction Kant makes in the A-Paralogisms, he raises a “dogmatic” objection to the rationalists in the former case, and a “critical” one in the latter. By analyzing the two-step argument in the B-Deduction, I defend the “critical” reading, which may, I hope, shed light on how Kant can justify his claim – which may be regarded as a second-order, methodological one pivotal to his Critical project – that possible experience serves as the only guideline for proving that we can cognize objects a priori.
The Gestures ofproskynēsisin the Achaemenid Empire
Authors: Rung Eduard V. 
Published: November 2020

SummaryIn October of 2018 a new trilingual Achaemenid inscription from Naqsh-e Rostam was discovered and in March of 2019 a detailed investigation of it with linguistic and historical commentary was published online in ARTA. The inscription includes a previously unknown Old Persian verb, a-f-r-[?]-a-t-i-y, which the first publishers Soheil Delshad and Mojtaba Doroodi read as *ā-fra-yāti(perhaps “he comes forward to”) or *ā-fra-θāti(“he speaks forth to”). They conclude that “an Old Persian verb with the meaning ‘to greet, to bless’ (etc.) seems to be called for”. It is clear that as a result of this discovery we get an Old Persian verb which could refer to an act which the Greek verb προσκυνεῖν may have described relating to the Persians. This new evidence stimulates further discussion about the practice and meaning ofproskynēsisat the royal court in the Achaemenid Empire. My article shows that all literary and pictorial evidences onproskynēsismay be divided into two groups: 1) Greek authors’ information that representsproskynēsismainly as prostration before the King; 2) Persian bas-reliefs that depict the scenes withproskynēsisas a hand-kissing gesture. It is supposed that the previously unknown Old Persian verb (like προσκυνεῖν in Ancient Greek usage) refers not only to specific gestures, but relates to a model of behaviour (‘salutation’, ‘obeisance’, ‘greeting’, ‘worship’, ‘respect’ etc.). It is argued that Achaemenid officials performedproskynēsisbefore the King as hand-kissing, while the rest of the people bowed down, kneeled or prostrated. Exceptions were made only for members of the royal family who did not performproskynēsis, but kissed the King and got a kiss from him.
Why Octavian Married Scribonia
Authors: Berdowski Piotr 
Published: November 2020

SummaryThis article revises the existing explanations for the marriage between Octavian and Scribonia, which emphasised the young Caesar’s desire for an accommodation with Sextus Pompeius, including a mutual normalization of relations and even an alliance. In reality, such actions were never on the agenda of either politician. The marriage to Scribonia was primarily a message addressed by Octavian to Antonius during a period of tense relations in the year 40 BCE, but also to the Roman plebs and to the veterans.
Reference limits of high-sensitive cardiac troponin T indirectly estimated by a new approach applying data mining. A special example for measurands with a relatively high percentage of values at or below the detection limit
Authors: Haeckel Rainer , Wosniok Werner , Torge Antje , Junker Ralf 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
A new model for the indirect estimation of reference limits (RLs) has been proposed recently and was coined TMC approach (truncated minimum chi-square estimation) which can be performed with R statistic. A spline function is applied to the RLs to get a continuous function if age is graphically presented vs. the RLs avoiding artificial “jumps” between different age groups. Most indirect models assume a power normal distribution and fail if this assumption is not fulfilled as e.g. if a relatively high percentage of measured values is below the detection limit and the data are distributed extremely skewed. This problem is handled by the TMC model. High-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs cTnT) was chosen as an example. The hs cTnT concentration in serum or plasma is well accepted as a valuable marker in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Currently, the 99th percentile derived from a “healthy” subpopulation is the decision limit recommended by consensus groups. However, this decision limit is questioned by several authors for many reasons. In the present report, the 97.5th and the 99th percentile limits were reinvestigated by the TMC model with different subpopulations stratified according to age and sex and were finally compared to presently recommended decision limits. In summary, the generally recommended 99th percentile as a fixed decision limit should be reconsidered. It is suggested to apply more specific reference limits stratified for age and sex instead of a fixed decision limit.
Wörterbücher mit Slowenisch. Historische, kulturelle und sprachpolitische Aspekte
Authors: Jesenšek Vida 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Lexicography is traditionally associated with its significant social and cultural role and consequently corresponding tasks and functions. Dictionaries have several, partially overlapping functions: they serve practical lexicography to satisfy various individual needs of the speakers, hence at the same time they also serve the language documentation which addresses national, language policy, administrative, economic as well as educational and scientific needs of a language community. This basic attitude to the social-cultural status of dictionaries, although simplified, is the starting point for considerations of historically significant milestones in the development of lexicography with Slovenian. Following Hausmann (1989) and his presentation of approaches to the social status of lexicography and its products, Slovenian lexicography is viewed from the perspective of the cultural-historical development of Slovenian-speaking society.
A window to the future: Proposal for a lexicography-assisted writing assistant
Authors: Fuertes-Olivera Pedro A. , Tarp Sven 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
The paper initially discusses some of the challenges posed to contemporary lexicography and stresses the need to move upstream in the value chain to guarantee future work. Today’s lexicographers must accept that their product par excellence is not dictionaries, but lexicographical data that can either be presented to the users in the form of dictionaries or be integrated into various types of tools, platforms, and services. From this perspective, the paper describes the functionalities of various digital writing assistants and focuses on one of them, namely the Spanish-English Write Assistant. It illustrates some decisions that have to be taken to prepare a database to feed both this tool and a series of online dictionaries. A proposal on how a big amount of lexicographical data can be presented in a small pop-up window without resorting to data overload will be discussed. In this connection, alternative ways of doing user testing in a digital environment are introduced. Finally, the paper stresses the importance of a human-centered design and terminology.
Lexikographische Konzeption und kulturgeschichtliche Erkenntnis im digitalen Zeitalter
Authors: Lobenstein-Reichmann Anja , Reichmann Oskar 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Digitization of dictionaries, which were founded in predigital times, face the challenge of modern technics. In the case of the Early New High German dictionary this challenge has proved to be more a chance than a curse. This article demonstrates how the textual structure of the (old) dictionary is transformed in the (new) digital language. It has shown that the new technics produce an added value. This is of course only possible under the condition, that the conception of the dictionary and the formulation by the lexicographer has prepared an elaborated base of semantic informations.
We’ve been Offering It for Years, But Why Do They Come? The Reasons Why Adults Bring Young Children to Public Library Storytimes
Authors: Cahill Maria , Joo Soohyung , Howard Mary , Walker Suzanne 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
While storytime programs for preschool children are offered in nearly all public libraries in the United States, little is known about why adults choose to bring children to participate. This survey study gathered information from 346 parents and caregivers who attended storytime programs at 35 public libraries in three states. Parents and caregivers indicated child enjoyment of hearing stories and participating in activities and the opportunity for children to interact as the primary reasons for attending; however, differences in motivation to attend were noted by community density, relationship to the child, educational level of the adult, and length of attendance. In addition to identifying those aspects of storytimes that resonate most for children and building upon them, librarians should integrate cooperative activities that facilitate interaction. Further, librarians should take stock of their own contexts and modify programs to best address the needs of their specific community.
Nouns and verbs in the speech signal: Are there phonetic correlates of grammatical category?
Authors: Lohmann Arne 
Published: November 2020

AbstractOver the past decades a considerable number of works have observed differences in the phonetic realization of nouns and verbs. The guiding question in most relevant research is whether such differences are caused by grammatical category per se, or are triggered by more general processes of phonetic implementation that impact nouns and verbs differently. Most studies argue for the latter and focus on one particular process or variable, which is advocated to be responsible for the acoustic differences observed. Among the processes mentioned are pre-boundary lengthening, accentuation, and frequency-induced reduction. Due to the focus on monofactorial explanations, an overview and contextualization of the different processes interacting with the noun-verb distinction is yet missing. The present paper aims to fill this gap. This goal is pursed by providing an in-depth discussion of how grammatical category interacts with a number of different processes that affect acoustic realization. To that end results from the literature on the topic are synthesized with new acoustic analyses of noun-verb homophones from spontaneous speech. The analysis shows that differences in acoustic realization between nouns and verbs are caused by the complex interplay of a number of different processes, defying simple, monofactorial explanations.
Diet of Culpeo fox (Lycalopex culpaeus, Molina 1782): the role of non-native prey in a strongly seasonal environment of south-central Chile
Authors: Boris Castillo-Ravanal  , Vallejos-Garrido Paulo , Rodríguez-Serrano Enrique 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
In this study, we establish the seasonal variation of the Culpeo fox’s diet in a seasonal ecosystem of south-central Chile. By scat analyses, 21 prey taxa were identified, 16 were animal and five were plant species. Mammals (88.47%) were the main biomass contribution with small seasonal fluctuations. Plants contributed the most to the differences observed in all seasons since they showed very marked changes. We determined that the Culpeo fox inhabiting the Andes of south-central Chile feeds mainly on small non-native mammals all year round, and supplements its diet opportunistically from items whose abundance oscillates seasonally.
Zweispurigkeit im polnischen Strafrecht: Regelungsentwicklung und aktuelle Kontroversen
Authors: Krajewski Krzysztof 
Published: November 2020

Zusammenfassung
Das Konzept der Zweispurigkeit wurde und wird im polnischen Strafrecht im Vergleich zu Deutschland oder Österreich in einem wesentlich engeren Umfang umgesetzt. Nur im Gesetzbuch aus dem Jahre 1932 war eine der Sicherungsverwahrung ähnliche Einrichtung vorgesehen. Nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg aber kamen diese Vorschriften wegen der strikt ablehnenden Haltung der »sozialistischen Strafrechtslehre« gegenüber den sichernden Maßregeln nicht mehr zur Anwendung, und auch das StGB von 1969 hat auf die Einführung von Maßregeln dieser Art verzichtet. Man hat jedoch quasi durch die Hintertür besondere Strafzumessungsmaßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der Rückfallkriminalität eingeführt, mit denen sichernde Maßnahmen durch drastisch verschärfte Repression ersetzt wurden. Im StGB von 1997 hat man im Rückblick auf die Erfahrungen aus der Zeit der autoritären Herrschaft von der Annahme jeglicher sichernden Maßnahmen gegenüber gefährlichen Straftätern abgesehen – das neue StGB blieb zunächst praktisch einspurig. Erst nach 2000 wurde es um neue Vorschriften zur Bekämpfung von Kindesmissbrauch und anderen Sexualstraftaten, inklusive besonderer sichernder Maßregeln ergänzt. 2013 entbrannte eine heftige Auseinandersetzung um die nachträgliche Anwendung solcher Maßnahmen. Das neue Gesetz, dem deutschen ThUG ähnlich, wurde zwar im Jahre 2016 für verfassungskonform befunden, in der Praxis aber ruft die Vollstreckung dieser außerhalb des Strafrechts liegenden Maßnahmen heftige Kontroversen und zahlreiche Bedenken hervor.