bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter III ‘The More Haste the Worse Speed’
Authors: Gaskell Elizabeth 
Published: December 2020

‘Learn to win a lady’s faith Nobly, as the thing is high; Bravely, as for life and death— With a loyal gravity.

Lead her from the festive boards, Point her to the starry skies, Guard her, by your truthful words, Pure from courtship’s flatteries.’
Identification of a Flavin Monooxygenase-Like Flavonoid 8-Hydroxylase with Gossypetin Synthase Activity from Lotus japonicus
Authors: Hiraga Yasuhide , Shimada Norimoto , Nagashima Yoshiki , Suda Kunihiro , Kanamori Tina , Ishiguro Kanako , Sato Yuka , Hirakawa Hideki , Sato Shusei , Akashi Tomoyoshi , Tanaka Yoshikazu , Ohta Daisaku , Aoki Koh , Shibata Daisuke , Suzuki Hideyuki , Kera Kota 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Lotus japonicus is a model legume that accumulates 8-hydroxyflavonol derivatives, such as gossypetin (8-hydroxyquercetin) 3-O-glycoside, which confer the yellow color to its petals. An enzyme, flavonoid 8-hydroxylase (F8H; LjF8H), is assumed to be involved in the biosynthesis, but the specific gene is yet to be identified. The LjF8H cDNA was isolated as a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding monooxygenase-like protein using flower buds and flower-specific EST data of L. japonicus. LjF8H is a single copy gene on chromosome III consisting of six exons. The conserved FAD- and NAD(P)H-dependent oxidase motifs were found in LjF8H. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that LjF8H is a member of the flavin monooxygenase group but distinctly different from other known flavonoid oxygenases. Analysis of recombinant yeast microsome expressing LjF8H revealed that the enzyme catalyzed the 8-hydroxylation of quercetin. Other flavonoids, such as naringenin, eriodictyol, apigenin, luteolin, taxifolin and kaempferol, also acted as substrates of LjF8H. This broad substrate acceptance was unlike known F8Hs in other plants. Interestingly, flavanone and flavanonol, which have saturated C–C bond at positions 2 and 3 of the flavonoid C-ring, produced 6-hyroxylflavonoids as a by-product of the enzymatic reaction. Furthermore, LjF8H only accepted the 2S-isomer of naringenin, suggesting that the conformational state of the substrates might affect product specificity. The overexpression of LjF8H in Arabidopsis thaliana and Petunia hybrida synthesized gossypetin and 8-hydroxykaempferol, respectively, indicating that LjF8H was functional in plant cells. In conclusion, this study represents the first instance of cloning and identification of F8Hs responsible for gossypetin biosynthesis.
Sources of Cervicogenic Headache Among the Upper Cervical Synovial Joints
Authors: Govind Jayantilal , Bogduk Nikolai 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The study sought to assess the utility of controlled diagnostic blocks in patients with probable cervicogenic headache by determining the prevalence of sources of pain among the upper and lower synovial joints of the cervical spine.

Methods
Controlled diagnostic blocks were performed in 166 consecutive patients who clinically exhibited features consistent with a diagnosis of probable cervicogenic headache. Data were collected on how often a particular source of pain could be pinpointed and how often particular diagnostic blocks provided a positive yield.

Results
In patients in whom headache was the dominant complaint, diagnostic blocks succeeded in establishing the source of pain in 75% of patients. The C2-3 joint was the source of pain in 62%, followed by the C1-2 (7%) and C3-4 (6%). In patients in whom headache was less severe than neck pain, blocks were successful in 67%. C2-3 was the source of pain in 42%, followed by lower cervical joints in 18% and the C3-4 joint in 7%.

Conclusions
Controlled diagnostic blocks can establish the source of pain in the majority of patients presenting with probable cervicogenic headache, with C2-3 being the most common source. On the basis of pretest probability, diagnostic algorithms should commence investigations at C2-3. Second and third steps in the algorithm should differ according to whether headache is the dominant or nondominant complaint.
Evaluation of adjunctive mycophenolate for large vessel giant cell arteritis
Authors: Karabayas Maira , Dospinescu Paula , Fluck Nick , Kidder Dana , Fordyce Gillian , Hollick Rosemary J , De Bari Cosimo , Basu Neil 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
GCA patients with large vessel involvement (LV-GCA) experience greater CS requirements and higher relapse rates compared with classical cranial GCA. Despite the distinct disease course, interventions in LV-GCA have yet to be investigated specifically. This study aimed to evaluate the CS-sparing effect and tolerability of first-line mycophenolate in LV-GCA.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients with LV-GCA identified from a regional clinical database between 2005 and 2019. All cases were prescribed mycophenolate derivatives (MYC; MMF or mycophenolic acid) at diagnosis and were followed up for ≥2 years. The primary outcome was the cumulative CS dose at 1 year. Secondary outcomes included MYC tolerance, relapse rates and CRP levels at 1 and 2 years.

Results
A total of 37 patients (65% female; mean age 69.4 years, SD 7.9 years) were identified. All cases demonstrated large vessel involvement via CT/PET (n = 34), CT angiography (n = 5) or magnetic resonance angiography (n = 2). After 2 years, 31 patients remained on MYC, whereas 6 had switched to MTX or tocilizumab owing to significant disease relapse. The mean (±SD) cumulative prednisolone dose at 1 year was 4960 (±1621) mg. Relapse rates at 1 and 2 years were 16.2 and 27%, respectively, and CRP levels at 1 and 2 years were 4 [interquartile range (IQR) 4–6] and 4 (IQR 4–4) mg/l, respectively.

Conclusion
To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to assess the effectiveness of any specific agent in LV-GCA. MYC might be both effective in reducing CS exposure and well tolerated in this subpopulation. A future randomized controlled trial is warranted.
Persistence of biologic treatments in psoriatic arthritis: a population-based study in Sweden
Authors: Geale Kirk , Lindberg Ingrid , Paulsson Emma C , Wennerström E Christina M , Tjärnlund Anna , Noel Wim , Enkusson Dana , Theander Elke 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
TNF inhibitors (TNFis) and IL inhibitors are effective treatments for PsA. Treatment non-persistence (drug survival, discontinuation) is a measure of effectiveness, tolerability and patient satisfaction or preferences in real-world clinical practice. Persistence on these treatments is not well understood in European PsA populations. The aim of this study was to compare time to non-persistence for either ustekinumab (IL-12/23 inhibitor) or secukinumab (IL-17 inhibitor) to a reference group of adalimumab (TNFi) treatment exposures in PsA patients and identify risk factors for non-persistence.

Methods
A total of 4649 exposures of adalimumab, ustekinumab, and secukinumab in 3918 PsA patients were identified in Swedish longitudinal population-based registry data. Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed to measure treatment-specific real-world risk of non-persistence and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were estimated to identify risk factors associated with non-persistence.

Results
Ustekinumab was associated with a lower risk of non-persistence relative to adalimumab in biologic-naïve [hazard ratio (HR) 0.48 (95% CI 0.33, 0.69)] and biologic-experienced patients [HR 0.65 (95% CI 0.56, 0.76)], while secukinumab was associated with a lower risk in biologic-naïve patients [HR 0.65 (95% CI 0.49, 0.86)] but a higher risk of non-persistence in biologic-experienced patients [HR 1.20 (95% CI 1.03, 1.40)]. Biologic non-persistence was also associated with female sex, axial involvement, recent disease onset, biologic treatment experience and no psoriasis.

Conclusion
Ustekinumab exhibits a favourable treatment persistency profile relative to adalimumab overall and across lines of treatment. The performance of secukinumab is dependent on biologic experience. Persistence and risk factors for non-persistence should be accounted for when determining an optimal treatment plan for patients.
The cost-effectiveness of different approaches to exercise and corticosteroid injection for subacromial pain (impingement) syndrome
Authors: Oppong Raymond , Jowett Sue , Lewis Martyn , Roddy Edward , Ogollah Reuben O , Zwierska Irena , Datta Praveen , Hall Alison , Hay Elaine , Shufflebotham Julie , Stevenson Kay , van der Windt Danielle A , Young Julie , Foster Nadine E 
Published: December 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To determine whether physiotherapist-led exercise intervention and US-guided subacromial CS injection is cost-effective when compared with standard advice and exercise leaflet and unguided injection in patients with subacromial pain (impingement) syndrome.

Methods
An incremental cost–utility analysis using patient responses to the five-level EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire was undertaken from a healthcare perspective alongside a 2 × 2 factorial randomized trial with 256 participants over a 12-month follow-up period. Uncertainty was explored through the use of cost-effectiveness acceptability curves.

Results
The cost–utility analysis indicated that physiotherapist-led exercise was associated with an incremental cost of £155.99 (95% CI 69.02, 241.93) and 0.031 (95% CI −0.01, 0.07) additional quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of £5031 per QALY gained and an 85% chance of being cost-effective at a threshold of £20 000 per QALY gained compared with the advice and exercise leaflet. US-guided injection was associated with an incremental cost of £15.89 (95% CI −59.36, 109.86) and 0.024 (95% CI −0.02, 0.07) additional QALYs, an ICER of £662 per QALY gained and a 83% chance of being cost-effective at a threshold of £20 000 per QALY gained compared with unguided injection.

Conclusion
Physiotherapist-led exercise was cost-effective compared with the advice and exercise leaflet, and US-guided injection was cost-effective when compared with unguided injection.

Clinical trial registration
ISRCTN, http://www.isrctn.com, ISRCTN42399123
Diversification, Introgression, and Rampant Cytonuclear Discordance in Rocky Mountains Chipmunks (Sciuridae: Tamias)
Authors: Sarver Brice A J , Herrera Nathanael D , Sneddon David , Hunter Samuel S , Settles Matthew L , Kronenberg Zev , Demboski John R , Good Jeffrey M , Sullivan Jack 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Evidence from natural systems suggests that hybridization between animal species is more common than traditionally thought, but the overall contribution of introgression to standing genetic variation within species remains unclear for most animal systems. Here, we use targeted exon capture to sequence thousands of nuclear loci and complete mitochondrial genomes from closely related chipmunk species in the Tamias quadrivittatus group that are distributed across the Great Basin and the central and southern Rocky Mountains of North America. This recent radiation includes six overlapping, ecologically distinct species (Tamias canipes, Tamias cinereicollis, Tamias dorsalis, T. quadrivittatus, Tamias rufus, and Tamias umbrinus) that show evidence for widespread introgression across species boundaries. Such evidence has historically been derived from a handful of markers, typically focused on mitochondrial loci, to describe patterns of introgression; consequently, the extent of introgression of nuclear genes is less well characterized. We conducted a series of phylogenomic and species-tree analyses to resolve the phylogeny of six species in this group. In addition, we performed several population-genomic analyses to characterize nuclear genomes and infer coancestry among individuals. Furthermore, we used emerging quartets-based approaches to simultaneously infer the species tree (SVDquartets) and identify introgression (HyDe). We found that, in spite of rampant introgression of mitochondrial genomes between some species pairs (and sometimes involving up to three species), there appears to be little to no evidence for nuclear introgression. These findings mirror other genomic results where complete mitochondrial capture has occurred between chipmunk species in the absence of appreciable nuclear gene flow. The underlying causes of recurrent massive cytonuclear discordance remain unresolved in this group but mitochondrial DNA appears highly misleading of population histories as a whole. Collectively, it appears that chipmunk species boundaries are largely impermeable to nuclear gene flow and that hybridization, while pervasive with respect to mtDNA, has likely played a relatively minor role in the evolutionary history of this group. [Cytonuclear discordance; hyridization; introgression, phylogenomics; SVDquartets; Tamias.]
Effects of a Multi-Faceted Education Program on Enrollment, Learning and Gender Equity: Evidence from India
Authors: Delavallade Clara , Griffith Alan , Thornton Rebecca 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Sustainable Development Goals set a triple educational objective: improve access to, quality of, and gender equity in education. This paper documents the effectiveness of a multifaceted educational program, pursuing these three objectives simultaneously. Using an experiment in 229 schools in rural Rajasthan (India), the study measures the effects of the program on students’ school participation and academic performance over two years, while also examining heterogeneous impacts across gender and initial learning ability. It finds that the program increased student enrollment, with the largest effects among girls (7.2 percent in the first year, 12.8 percent in the second). There were large learning gains of 0.329 standard deviations (SDs) in the first year and 0.206 SDs at the end of the second year. The learning component of the intervention targeted both boys and girls – boys and girls benefited equally from the program in terms of test score gains.
Diet Quality of Workers and Retirees: A Cross-sectional Analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)
Authors: da Silva Vanderlei C , Gorgulho Bartira M , Marchioni Dirce M , Lotufo Paulo A , Benseñor Isabela M , Chiavegatto Filho Alexandre D P 
Published: December 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to cross-sectionally analyze the diet quality of active workers and retirees to identify possible differences by gender and subgroups of working and nonworking retirees using baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), a cohort study of employees of six higher education centers in Brazil. In the first phase of the study, which occurred between 2008 and 2010, the diets of 7,667 participants between 50 and 69 years of age (3,393 [44%] men and 4,274 [56%] women) were analyzed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Diets were evaluated using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised. We used logistic regression models stratified by sex and adjusted for demographic, social, and health conditions to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the association of diet quality with working and nonworking retirees. Using active workers as the reference group, the results showed better diet quality among male retirees who were no longer working (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.03–2.41), whereas no difference was detected in male retirees who returned to work (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 0.80–1.72) in the adjusted models. Among women, the association did not remain significant after multivariate adjustment for confounders. Our results showed gender differences in diet quality between workers and working and nonworking retirees possibly because of worse diet quality among men than among women. Work cessation after retirement is mandatory to improve diet quality among male retirees.
Morphological phylogenetics provide new insights into the classification and evolution of fossil soldier beetles from Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (Coleoptera: Cantharidae)
Authors: Hsiao Yun , Li Yun , Ren Dong , Pang Hong 
Published: December 2020

AbstractCantharidae is a diverse group of soft-bodied beetles and frequently occurs in the Mid-Cretaceous (c. 99 Mya) amber of Myanmar. In the present paper, three new soldier beetles, Cretocantharis veda gen. & sp. nov., Palaeocantharispanna gen. & sp. nov. and Hukawngichthyurus maha sp. nov. are reported. A phylogenetic reconstruction of Cantharidae, including all extant subfamilies and tribes, corroborates a distinct lineage comprising cantharine-like cantharids from Burmese amber as sister to Silini (Silinae), revealing that the current subfamilial placement is probably inadequate. Together with our results and recent molecular phylogenetic frameworks, it reveals that subfamilies of Cantharidae evolved during the Cretaceous period and highlights a probable Gondwanan ancestry of main cantharid groups. Our topology also proposes that the systematically controversial tribe Tytthonyxini of Silinae constitutes an independent clade sister to Malthininae, rather than the component of Silinae. Furthermore, Archaeomalthodes rosetta, previously placed in Malthininae, is recovered as a member of Dysmorphocerinae, representing the oldest fossil record for this subfamily and enhancing the Gondwanan origin hypothesis of Burmese amber biota. The previous interpretation of reticulated elytra as a lycid-mimicry for the Cretaceous cantharid fossils and pleisiomorphy of Cantharidae are challenged and discussed.
Single-Leg Stance Times in a Diverse Group of Survivors of Cancer and the Relationship to History of Recent Falls
Authors: Marker Ryan J. , Kakar Rumit Singh , Scorsone Jared J. , Peters John C. , Purcell W. Thomas 
Published: December 2020

Background:
Balance impairments are present in cancer survivors for many reasons and increase risk of falls, though specific investigation of these impairments, and assessments to identify them, is not widely reported.

Objective:
Describe the performance of a large diverse cancer survivor population on a single-leg stance (SLS) test and assess relationships between this test and clinical and patient characteristics, including recent falls.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Data were collected from baseline assessments of 412 cancer survivors joining a clinical exercise program.

Measurements:
The primary outcome was an SLS test, performed with eyes opened and closed. Clinical and patient characteristics included age, body mass index (BMI), gender, cancer diagnosis and treatment, quality of life (QOL), and a recent history of falls (within the past 6 weeks).

Results:
Approximately one-third of the population was unable to reach 30 seconds on at least one leg with eyes open. Age and BMI had a negative influence on SLS with eyes open, while only age had a negative influence with eyes closed, in participants impaired in these conditions (N = 137 and N = 254, respectively). QOL was not related to SLS. SLS identified participants with a recent history of falls (sensitivity = 0.83; specificity = 0.58).

Limitations:
This population was biased, determined by provider referral or participant choice to join. The population was diverse in cancer diagnoses and treatment, limiting subgroup observations.

Conclusions:
Cancer survivors demonstrate a wide range of performance on the SLS test, which may show promise as a screen for fall risk.
Roadmap: one anesthesiology department's strategic approach to COVID-19
Authors: Coombs Alice A. Tolbert , Lawson Tamara , Daniel Ronsard , Kim Christin , Rashid Megan M. 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
The COVID-19 pandemic has driven transformation in every aspect of the healthcare delivery system. The unpredictable onset and magnitude of COVID-19 infections resulted in wide gaps in preparedness for healthcare systems. The development of protocols to address both scarcity of resources and staff protection continues to be essential for risk mitigation.

Recent findings
The northeast region of the United States had a rapid early surge of COVID-19 infections leading to the exhaustion of critical care capacity. In addition, northeastern hospitals experienced decrease in elective surgical interventions, including organ transplantation. Limited availability of COVID-19 testing and personal protective equipment further fueled the pandemic. This commentary highlights a comprehensive innovative approach to addressing the operating room and hospital demands, as well as the shortages in resources and staffing during the pandemic.

Summary
The VCU Department of Anesthesiology operated at 40% of its regular operating room volume throughout the COVID-19 pandemic because of the increased demand from emergency cases. The delay in the peak surge allowed Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Anesthesiology to develop a comprehensive infrastructure resulting in resulting is maximal workforce risk mitigation.
Fast-spiking Interneurons Contribute to Propofol-induced Facilitation of Firing Synchrony in Pyramidal Neurons of the Rat Insular Cortex
Authors: Koyanagi Yuko , Oi Yoshiyuki , Kobayashi Masayuki 
Published: December 2020

Background
The general anesthetic propofol induces frontal alpha rhythm in the cerebral cortex at a dose sufficient to induce loss of consciousness. The authors hypothesized that propofol-induced facilitation of unitary inhibitory postsynaptic currents would result in firing synchrony among postsynaptic pyramidal neurons that receive inhibition from the same presynaptic inhibitory fast-spiking neurons.

Methods
Multiple whole cell patch clamp recordings were performed from one fast-spiking neuron and two or three pyramidal neurons with at least two inhibitory connections in rat insular cortical slices. The authors examined how inhibitory inputs from a presynaptic fast-spiking neuron modulate the timing of spontaneous repetitive spike firing among pyramidal neurons before and during 10 μM propofol application.

Results
Responding to activation of a fast-spiking neuron with 150-ms intervals, pyramidal cell pairs that received common inhibitory inputs from the presynaptic fast-spiking neuron showed propofol-dependent decreases in average distance from the line of identity, which evaluates the coefficient of variation in spike timing among pyramidal neurons: average distance from the line of identity just after the first activation of fast-spiking neuron was 29.2 ± 24.1 (mean ± SD, absolute value) in control and 19.7 ± 19.2 during propofol application (P < 0.001). Propofol did not change average distance from the line of identity without activating fast-spiking neurons and in pyramidal neuron pairs without common inhibitory inputs from presynaptic fast-spiking neurons. The synchronization index, which reflects the degree of spike synchronization among pyramidal neurons, was increased by propofol from 1.4 ± 0.5 to 2.3 ± 1.5 (absolute value, P = 0.004) and from 1.5 ± 0.5 to 2.2 ± 1.0 (P = 0.030) when a presynaptic fast-spiking neuron was activated at 6.7 and 10 Hz, respectively, but not at 1, 4, and 13.3 Hz.

Conclusions
These results suggest that propofol facilitates pyramidal neuron firing synchrony by enhancing inhibitory inputs from fast-spiking neurons. This synchrony of pyramidal neurons may contribute to the alpha rhythm associated with propofol-induced loss of consciousness.

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New