bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaf and root bark extracts of Ziziphus abyssinica Hochst ex. A. Rich (Rhamnaceae) ameliorate hepatic, renal and splenic injuries induced by phenylhydrazine in rats
Authors: Henneh Isaac T. , Owusu Agyei Phyllis E. , Obese Ernest , Biney Robert P. , Antwi-Adjei Meshack , Yahaya Ewura S. , Asiamah Ernest , Acquah-Mills Joseph , Boateng Douglas O. , Ekor Martins 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives

Ziziphus abyssinica (ZA) is employed in managing several ailments in Traditional African Medicine. Scientific evaluations are necessary to ascertain the medicinal potential of ZA as a source of new drug molecules. This study investigated the possible therapeutic benefit of ZA leaf (ZAL) and root bark (ZARB) extracts in an experimental model of multi-organ injuries induced by phenylhydrazine (PHZ).

Methods
Hyperbilirubinaemia, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and splenic injuries were induced by pretreating albino rats with PHZ (40 mg/kg, p.o.) for two alternate days. Afterward, six out of the eight groups of rats (n = 5) used were treated with either ZAL or ZARB (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for seven days. Naïve control rats received saline without PHZ whereas negative control group received saline after PHZ. After one week of treatment, rats were sacrificed and blood collected for assessment of haematological and biochemical parameters. Liver, kidney and spleen sections were processed for histology and examined under light microscope.

Results
Data indicate that PHZ significantly (p < 0.05) increased total bilirubin, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and BUN/creatinine ratio whereas red blood cell count was significantly reduced. These anomalies were significantly reversed in rats treated with ZAL or ZARB. The therapeutic effect of the extracts was supported by photomicrographs of the liver, kidney, and spleen of rats which revealed recovery from PHZ-mediated pyknosis, glomerular degeneration and multiple splenic necrosis respectively.

Conclusions
Overall, data from this study suggest that ZA may be useful in multiple organ injuries associated with PHZ-like xenobiotic toxicity.
Social Rules in Libertarian Thought
Authors: Van Schoelandt Chad 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Libertarianism upholds individual liberty as of primary political importance. The concern for liberty leads to support for highly limited government, and sometimes even anarchism. Sometimes people come under the mistaken impression that libertarians have such a myopic concern for individual liberty that they must oppose social rules and social order. While that is too extreme, libertarianism does seem to have significant tensions with social rules, and the role of social rules within libertarianism is complex and contentious. This work aims to bring out some of this complexity and to clarify the important place of social rules in libertarian thought.
Invariable generation and wreath products
Authors: Cox Charles Garnet 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Invariable generation is a topic that has predominantly been studied for finite groups.
In 2014, Kantor, Lubotzky and Shalev produced extensive tools for investigating invariable generation for infinite groups.
Since their paper, various authors have investigated the property for particular infinite groups or families of infinite groups.
A group is invariably generated by a subset S if replacing each element of S with any of its conjugates still results in a generating set for G.
In this paper, we investigate how this property behaves with respect to wreath products.
Our main work is to deal with the case where the base of

G

≀
X

H

{G\wr_{X}H}

is not invariably generated.
We see both positive and negative results here depending on H and its action on X.
The main decomposition of finite-dimensional protori
Authors: Lewis Wayne , Loth Peter , Mader Adolf 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A protorus is a compact connected abelian group of finite dimension.
We use a result on finite-rank torsion-free abelian groups and Pontryagin duality to considerably generalize a well-known factorization of a finite-dimensional protorus into a product of a torus and a torus free complementary factor.
We also classify direct products of protori of dimension 1 by means of canonical “type” subgroups.
In addition, we produce the duals of some fundamental theorems of discrete abelian groups.
Space-time finite element method for determination of a source in parabolic equations from boundary observations
Authors: Thanh Phan Xuan 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
A novel inverse source problem concerning the determination of a term in the right-hand side of parabolic equations from boundary observation is investigated.
The observation is given by an imprecise Dirichlet data on some part of the boundary.
The unknown heat source is sought as a function depending on both space and time variables with an a priori information.
The problem is reformulated as an optimal control problem with a Tikhonov regularization term.
The gradient of the functional is derived via an adjoint problem.
The space-time discretization approach is employed which allows the use of general space-time finite elements.
The convergence of the approach is proved.
Some numerical examples are presented for showing the efficiency of the approach.
Selection of suitable wavelengths for the dual-wavelength model of free space optics (FSO) systems for high-speed trains
Authors: kaur Abhijot , Sharma Neeraj , Singh Jatinder 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Free space optics (FSO) can be used as an alternative to the currently used wireless radio communication systems to meet the increasing demands for the uninterrupted internet connection in High-Speed Trains (HSTs). FSO is less prone to interference, license-free and more secure as compared to Radio Frequency (RF) technology. In this paper, we have compared three different wavelengths (850, 1330, and 1550 nm) for the dual-wavelength model at a bit rate of 10 Gb/s to see which two wavelengths provide better results. The system is studied for return to zero (RZ) and non-return to zero (NRZ) modulation formats this electronic document is a “live” template and already defines the components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] in its style sheet.
Four bits data sequence generators based ytterbium doped fiber amplifiers for upgrading maximum Q factor and minimum BER
Authors: Alatwi Aadel M. , Zaki Rashed Ahmed Nabih , Amiri IS 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We have simulated four bits data sequence generators based ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers for upgrading max. Q factor and min. BER. Optical power variations against time duration after fiber cable length of 250 km with the bits sequence generators of 0101, 1000, and 1010 respectively are simulated. As well as the electrical power/total received power variations against frequency after photodetector receiver with the bits sequence generators of 0101, 1000, and 1010 respectively are discussed in details. Moreover, the signal power amplitude level with the time period duration after photodetector receiver/3R regenerator with the bits sequence generators of 0101, 1000, and 1010 respectively are clarified to show the max. Q factor and min. BER values for each case.
Radio-over-fiber front-haul link design using optisystem
Authors: Qureshi Khurram Karim , Qureshi Abdul Rehman , Magam Musab G , Jamal Laiq 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Radio over Fiber (RoF) is a technology that inherits both from optical and wireless technologies in order to send radio frequency signals over a fiber architecture. RoF technologies are mainly utilized in the front-haul link of telecommunications architecture, where the base stations communicate with the central station. This is conventionally done either through microwave signals or copper cables. In this paper, we have designed and evaluated a full-duplex link between four base stations and a central station. The error performance of the system is evaluated in terms of eye-diagrams and Q-factor using Optisystem. The system is found to perform reasonably well up to a link length of 90 km for 5 Gbps data transmission with a Q factor of 30.8.
Analysis of hybrid integrated-alternate mark inversion (I-AMI) modulation and symmetrical-symmetrical-post (SSP) dispersion compensation technique in single-tone radio over fiber (RoF) system
Authors: Kathpal Namita , Garg Amit Kumar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This paper presents the high capacity single-tone Radio over Fiber (RoF) system utilizing advanced modulation technique in conjunction with optimized dispersion compensation scheme to support the high data rate transmission upto 120 Gbps. The proposed system incorporates the Integrated-Alternate Mark Inversion (I-AMI) modulation and Symmetrical-Symmetrical-Post (SSP) compensation technique to enhance the spectral efficiency as well as to reduce the chromatic dispersion effects in long-haul RoF link. The proposed system i.e., I-AMI with SSP has been examined at 60, 80, 100 and 120 Gbps bit rate for various transmission distance. The simulation results obtained in terms of Q-factor, Bit Error Rate (BER) and eye diagram reveal that the proposed system provides wider eye-opening, low BER and high Q-factor as compared to the existing system. The proposed I-AMI with SSP provides the Q-factor of 30.47 whereas the I-AMI with PSP and AMI with SSP provides the Q-factor of 18.77 and 18.40 respectively at 80 Gbps bit rate over a transmission distance of 800 km.
Total gain of InTlAsSb quantum dot structures
Authors: Al-Shatravi Ali Gehad , Al-Nashy Baqer Obeid , Al-Khursan Amin Habbeb 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
This work studies the total gain of the InTlAsSb quantum dot structure, which is not studied earlier. Adding thallium to structures makes it emit at larger wavelengths. The nonlinear effect of the injected signal power is examined for three quaternary thallium structures: In0.85Tl0.15AsSb, In0.93Tl0.07AsSb and In0.97Tl0.03AsSb. The gain peak was increased by four times and the wavelength was shifted to longer one for the In0.97Tl0.03AsSb quantum dot (QD) structure. This quaternary QD structure extends the emission wavelength to more than 12 μm which is important in long-wavelength infrared applications. The nonlinear behavior of these QD structures is also addressed. It is shown that the structure In0.97Tl0.03AsSb has a deeper spectral hole burning which is adequate for nonlinear signal processing applications.
Third order intermodulation and third order intercept in a directly modulated Fabry–Perot laser diode
Authors: Pal Partha Pratim , Chakraborty Meenakshi , Chattopadhyay Taraprasad 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper presents measurement of third order intermodulation distortion and third order intercept (TOI) in a Fabry–Perot semiconductor laser lasing at 1550.3 nm when the laser is biharmonically bias-current modulated. Keeping the modulation current of one signal fixed, the third order intermodulation power at two different frequencies has been found to increase with the increase in second signal modulation power. There is an eventual crossover or tendency to crossover in the intermodulation characteristics when the modulation current amplitudes of the channels assume the same value. The TOI has been experimentally measured. The intermodulation power appearing at two different frequencies along with their signal power dependence and measurement of TOI constitute the outcome of this paper. The typical value of spurious-free dynamic range of the modulation scheme is 70 dB.
Radio over fiber (RoF) link modelling using cross term memory polynomial
Authors: Singh Manjit , Sappal Amandeep Singh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Due to increase in number of users and demand for higher data rates, the development of transmission systems which meets these requirements is of concern. Radio over Fiber (RoF) has emerged as such kind of technology which not only caters these requirements but also has the advantage of low system complexity, power consumption maintenance costs and low attenuation. But RoF systems suffer from nonlinear distortion caused by the presence of nonlinear system components. This nonlinear distortion results in intermodulation distortion and hence degrades system performance. For mitigating nonlinear distortion, a linearizer is required. A linearizer has inverse characteristics to that of RoF link. For design of the linearizer, accurate modelling of RoF link is required. So, in this paper, we have presented the modelling of a nonlinear RoF ink using cross term memory polynomial.
Design of optoelectronic oscillator based on multiple-length single mode fiber and chirped fiber Bragg grating
Authors: Sagar Shivam , Singh Ritesh Kumar , Lohia Pooja , Dwivedi Dilip Kumar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Wireless communication are becoming as a part of human life. If we want to achieve the efficient and affordable communication in wireless technology in optical domain, stable signal and ultra-low phase noise is required. Optoelectronic oscillator is based on converting continues light energy in stable and low phase noise, high-quality (Q) factor is used in wireless communication. If quality factor is low, then the oscillation dies out rapidly. Delay line is used provided higher-quality factor that is used. There are numerous techniques for the photonic generation of microwave signal with high time-bandwidth product and low phase noise. Optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) based generation techniques have been found one of the most interesting technique since last three decades. This approach provides very high frequency microwave signal with lowest possible phase noise. OEO has been designed with miscellaneous architecture by introducing different optical dispersive components such as optical fiber, chirped fiber Bragg grating, polarization modulator, and ring resonator. In this paper, numerous techniques for the design of OEO are reviewed and well demonstrated. There are interesting configurations with substantial improvement in phase noise and frequency of the microwave signals generated. MATLAB simulation has been used for the verification of result explained in this technique.
A Bayesian adjusted plus-minus analysis for the esport Dota 2
Authors: Clark Nicholas , Macdonald Brian , Kloo Ian 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Analytics and professional sports have become linked over the past several years, but little attention has been paid to the growing field of esports within the sports analytics community. We seek to apply an Adjusted Plus Minus (APM) model, an accepted analytic approach used in traditional sports like hockey and basketball, to one particular esports game: Defense of the Ancients 2 (Dota 2). As with traditional sports, we show how APM metrics developed with Bayesian hierarchical regression can be used to quantify individual player contributions to their teams and, ultimately, use this player-level information to predict game outcomes. In particular, we first provide evidence that gold can be used as a continuous proxy for wins to evaluate a team’s performance, and then use a Bayesian APM model to estimate how players contribute to their team’s gold differential. We demonstrate that this APM model outperforms models based on common team-level statistics (often referred to as “box score statistics”). Beyond the specifics of our modeling approach, this paper serves as an example of the potential utility of applying analytical methodologies from traditional sports analytics to esports.
A Flexible Mixed-Frequency Vector Autoregression with a Steady-State Prior
Authors: Ankargren Sebastian , Unosson Måns , Yang Yukai 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We propose a Bayesian vector autoregressive (VAR) model for mixed-frequency data. Our model is based on the mean-adjusted parametrization of the VAR and allows for an explicit prior on the “steady states” (unconditional means) of the included variables. Based on recent developments in the literature, we discuss extensions of the model that improve the flexibility of the modeling approach. These extensions include a hierarchical shrinkage prior for the steady-state parameters, and the use of stochastic volatility to model heteroskedasticity. We put the proposed model to use in a forecast evaluation using US data consisting of 10 monthly and three quarterly variables. The results show that the predictive ability typically benefits from using mixed-frequency data, and that improvement can be obtained for both monthly and quarterly variables. We also find that the steady-state prior generally enhances the accuracy of the forecasts, and that accounting for heteroskedasticity by means of stochastic volatility usually provides additional improvements, although not for all variables.
Investigation of the rapid immunochromatographic test performance in the diagnosis of syphilis; comparison of four serological methods
Authors: Terzi Huseyin Agah , Aydemir Ozlem , Karakece Engin , Hatipoglu Huseyin , Olmez Mehmet , Koroglu Mehmet , Altindis Mustafa 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
To test the performance of the newly available rapid test for syphilis, we compared it with Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA). Additionally, we investigated the performance of rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassays (CMIA) at our laboratory using TPHA as a gold standard.

Methods
The serum samples of 595 patients with the pre-diagnosis of syphilis were studied by four serological methods. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of RPR, CMIA, and syphilis rapid test were assessed by utilizing TPHA as a gold standard for the diagnosis of syphilis.

Results
Of the patients, 6.2% (37/595) had positive RPR, 5.5% (33/595) had positive CMIA, 5.5% (33/595) had a positive rapid immunochromatographic method and 5% (30/595) had positive TPHA. When TPHA results were taken as the reference, the sensitivity of the rapid test for syphilis was 100%, the specificity was 99.5%, PPV was 90.9%, and NPV was 100.0%.

Conclusions
It was observed that the rapid test for syphilis used in the study was quite successful, its cost was appropriate, and the test was very fast and easy to apply. At the same time, the agreement between syphilis rapid test and TPHA was found to be excellent.
Evaluation of alpha-l-fucosidase for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma based on meta-analysis
Authors: Xi Lei , Yang Chunqing 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
The main aim of the present study was to assess the diagnostic value of alpha-l-fucosidase (AFU) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods
Studies that explored the diagnostic value of AFU in HCC were searched in EMBASE, SCI, and PUBMED. The sensitivity, specificity, and DOR about the accuracy of serum AFU in the diagnosis of HCC were pooled. The methodological quality of each article was evaluated with QUADAS-2 (quality assessment for studies of diagnostic accuracy 2). Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) analysis was performed. Statistical analysis was conducted by using Review Manager 5 and Open Meta-analyst.

Results
Eighteen studies were selected in this study. The pooled estimates for AFU vs. α-fetoprotein (AFP) in the diagnosis of HCC in 18 studies were as follows: sensitivity of 0.7352 (0.6827, 0.7818) vs. 0.7501 (0.6725, 0.8144), and specificity of 0.7681 (0.6946, 0.8283) vs. 0.8208 (0.7586, 0.8697), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 7.974(5.302, 11.993) vs. 13.401 (8.359, 21.483), area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7968 vs. 0.8451, respectively.

Conclusions
AFU is comparable to AFP for the diagnosis of HCC.
Diagnostic work up of anemic patients: role of iron deficiency
Authors: Meiser Daniela , Kayikci Lale , Orth Matthias 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Diagnosing disturbances in iron metabolism can be challenging when accompanied by inflammation. New diagnostic tools such as the “Thomas-plot” (TP) (relation of soluble transferrin receptor [sTfR]/log ferritin to reticulocyte hemoglobin content [RET-He]) were established to improve classification of anemias. Aim of this retrospective study was to assess the added diagnostic value of the TP in anemia work up.

Methods
Patients from December 2016 to September 2018 with a complete blood count, iron status, RET-He and sTfR were manually classified into the four quadrants of the TP on basis of conventional iron markers. Manual and algorithm-based classifications were compared using cross tabulations, Box–Whisker-Plots as well as Receiver-Operating-Characteristics (ROC) to calculate the diagnostic accuracy using Area under the Curve (AUC) analysis.

Results
A total of 3,745 patients with a conventional iron status, including 1,721 TPs, could be evaluated. In 70% of the cases the manual classification was identical to the TP, in 10% it was deviant. 20% could not clearly be classified, mostly due to inflammatory conditions. In the absence of an inflammatory condition, ferritin was a reliable parameter to define iron deficiency (ID) (AUC 0.958). In the presence of inflammation, the significance of the ferritin index (AUC 0.917) and of the RET-He (AUC 0.957) increased.

Conclusions
The TP can be useful for narrowing down the causes of anemia in complex cases. Further studies with focus on special patient groups, e.g., oncological or rheumatic patients, are desirable.
Preposition-drop in Greek: EPP-driven pseudo-incorporation
Authors: Sifaki Evi 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe paper investigates preposition (and determiner) drop in Greek. A close look at the properties of preposition-drop reveals that despite the lack of a definite determiner, the place nominal that participates in preposition-drop is interpreted as familiar. This familiarity presupposition of the place nominal is achieved via movement of NP-to-SpecDP for the satisfaction of a D-feature bundle on D. Further, the lack of strict adjacency between the verb and the NP provides evidence that Greek preposition-drop aligns more closely with pseudo-incorporation. Here, pseudo-incorporation is triggered for the satisfaction of an EPP/LOC feature available on the verb and satisfied via PP-preposing.
Species richness and ethnozoological annotations on mammals at the Boanamo indigenous community, Waorani territory, Orellana and Pastaza provinces, Ecuador
Authors: Tirira Diego G. , Greeney Harold F. , Omaca Conan , Baihua Otobo , Killackey Ryan P. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We present the results of a rapid ecological assessment conducted in 2012 in the community of Boanamo, in the Waorani Ethnic Reserve and Yasuní National Park, Orellana and Pastaza provinces, Ecuadorian Amazon. The study included surveys and observations of mammals by different methodologies over a 16-day sampling period. The results show the presence of 89 species of mammals, but there are several other mammal species expected in the area, increasing the projected diversity to 119 species, a high diverse community when compared with similar locations. Statistical analyses show that Boanamo is an area of high species richness and heterogeneity, consistent with comparable surveys in other areas of primary lowland rainforest in Amazonia. In addition, we documented nine distinct ways and 130 different usages in which 43 species are utilized in Boanamo. To estimate the importance of mammal diversity, we used a Cultural Importance Index, which shows that the species with the highest value are Panthera onca and Nasua nasua. However, the most frequently hunted species were Tayassu pecari and Lagothrix lagothricha. Our final conclusion is the community of Boanamo is entirely dependent on the surrounding forest, and mammals are an important part of their culture and subsistence.