bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metal‐free Photocatalytic Aerobic Oxidative Cleavage of C−C Bonds in 1,2‐Diols
Authors: Zhu Rui , Zhou Gongyu , Teng Jia‐nan , Li Xinglong , Fu Yao 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe preparation of carbonyl compounds by the aerobic oxidative cleavage of C−C bonds in 1,2‐diols under mild reaction conditions is a very significant reaction and is widely employed in various scenarios. Avoiding the use of harmful stoichiometric oxidants and adopting a greener chemical process remain a challenge for this reaction to date. In this manuscript, a heterogeneous metal‐free photocatalytic strategy without any additive was developed for aerobic oxidative cleavage of C−C bonds in 1,2‐diols at ambient conditions with visible light. The reaction mechanism was further studied through a series of control experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, the catalytic system showed a broad substrates scope, including aliphatic (linear or cyclic) 1,2‐diols, benzylic, alkenyl 1,2‐diols, and α‐hydroxy acids (such as lactic acid). Thus, this strategy could serve as a method for the transformation of 1,2‐diols to corresponding carbonyl compounds by the aerobic oxidative cleavage of C−C bonds.
Body Trust, agitation, and suicidal ideation in a clinical eating disorder sample
Authors: Duffy Mary E. , Lieberman Amy , Siegfried Nicole , Henretty Jennifer R. , Bass Garrett , Cox Shelbi A. , Joiner Thomas E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectiveResearch has established pairwise relationships between suicidal ideation (SI), low Body Trust, elevated agitation, and eating disorders, but knowledge of how these aspects relate in a single model is lacking. This study tested an indirect pathway with low Body Trust relating to severity of SI via agitation in a clinical eating disorder sample.MethodParticipants (N = 319; 92.8% female; 93.4% Caucasian; mean age 21.8 years) were adults currently receiving specialized eating disorder treatment (44.3% intensive outpatient or higher level‐of‐care) who completed online self‐report measures of study variables. The PROCESS macro was utilized to test proposed pathways.ResultsLow Body Trust was significantly directly associated with increased severity of current SI, both before (B = −.89, p < .001) and after (B = −.51, p = .001) accounting for the indirect effect through agitation, also significant (B = −.37, SE = .06, CI −.52 to −.26).DiscussionPerception of the body as unsafe may be related to agitation, and this intolerable sensation of trapped arousal could contribute to a desire to die. Future work should investigate these relationships prospectively to determine the relevance of Body Trust for assessment and treatment of suicide‐related factors among individuals with eating disorders.
Factors influencing productivity of eastern wild turkeys in northeastern South Dakota
Authors: Tyl Reina M. , Rota Christopher T. , Lehman Chadwick P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPopulation growth is highly sensitive to changes in reproductive rates for many avian species. Understanding how reproductive rates are related to environmental conditions can give managers insight into factors contributing to population change. Harvest trends of eastern wild turkey in northeastern South Dakota suggest a decline in abundance. We investigated factors influencing reproductive success of this important game bird to identify potential factors contributing to the decline. We monitored nesting rate, nest survival, renesting rate, clutch size, hatchability, and poult survival of 116 eastern wild turkey hens using VHF radio transmitters during the springs and summers of 2017 and 2018. Heavier hens were more likely to attempt to nest than lighter hens, and adult hens were more likely to renest than yearling hens. Nest survival probability was lowest in agricultural fields relative to all other cover types and positively related to horizontal visual obstruction and distance to the nearest road. Daily nest survival probability demonstrated an interaction between temperature and precipitation, such that nest survival probability was lower on warm, wet days, but lowest on dry days. Egg predation was the leading cause of nest failure, followed by haying of the nest bowl and death of the incubating hen. Poults reared by adult hens had a greater probability of survival than poults reared by yearling hens. Our estimate of survival probability of poults raised by yearling hens was low relative to other studies, which may be contributing to the apparent regional population decline. However, there is little managers can do to influence poult survival in yearling hens. Alternatively, we found nest survival probability was lowest for nests initiated in agricultural fields. Wildlife‐friendly harvesting practices such as delayed haying or installation of flushing bars could help increase productivity of eastern wild turkey in northeastern South Dakota.
Responding to Ecosystem Transformation: Resist, Accept, or Direct?
Authors: Thompson Laura M , Lynch Abigail J , Beever Erik A , Engman Augustin C , Falke Jeffrey A , Jackson Stephen T , Krabbenhoft Trevor J , Lawrence David J , Limpinsel Douglas , Magill Robert T , Melvin Tracy A , Morton John M , Newman Robert A , Peterson Jay O , Porath Mark T , Rahel Frank J , Sethi Suresh A , Wilkening Jennifer L 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Ecosystem transformation can be defined as the emergence of a self-organizing, self-sustaining, ecological or social–ecological system that deviates from prior ecosystem structure and function. These transformations are occurring across the globe; consequently, a static view of ecosystem processes is likely no longer sufficient for managing fish, wildlife, and other species. We present a framework that encompasses three strategies for fish and wildlife managers dealing with ecosystems vulnerable to transformation. Specifically, managers can resist change and strive to maintain existing ecosystem composition, structure, and function; accept transformation when it is not feasible to resist change or when changes are deemed socially acceptable; or direct change to a future ecosystem configuration that would yield desirable outcomes. Choice of a particular option likely hinges on anticipating future change, while also acknowledging that temporal and spatial scales, recent history and current state of the system, and magnitude of change can factor into the decision. This suite of management strategies can be implemented using a structured approach of learning and adapting as ecosystems change.
Penalized variance components for association of multiple genes with traits
Authors: Schaid Daniel J. , Sinnwell Jason P. , Larson Nicholas B. , Chen Jun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractVariance component models have gained popularity for genetic analyses, driven by their flexibility to simultaneously analyze multiple genetic variants in a gene by kernel statistics, and their ability to account for population stratification via genomic relationship matrices. For exploratory analyses with modest sample sizes and a potentially large number of variance components, it can be challenging to use standard maximum‐likelihood or restricted maximum‐likelihood methods to estimate variance components, because these iterative methods often fail to converge when likelihood surfaces are fairly flat, and standard‐likelihood ratio statistical tests are not adequate. To overcome these limitations, we developed a penalized‐likelihood model, whereby the penalty function follows the popular elastic‐net approach, applying both L1 and L2 penalties to the variance components. By simulations, we demonstrate the potential gain in power by using both L1 and L2 penalties, and results from our simulations suggest that assigning 80% of the penalty parameter to the L1 penalty and 20% to the L2 penalty provides a reasonable balance between false‐positive and false‐negative results. Larger sample size improves the properties of our methods, at the cost of longer computation time. Application of our methods to a study of the influence of DNA methylation on levels of cortisol in reaction to stress testing shows how our method can be used to prioritize findings for further functional studies.
Extrapolative expectations and macroeconomic dynamics: Evidence from an estimated DSGE model
Authors: Bask Mikael , Madeira João 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe outline a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with extrapolative expectations in asset pricing and fit the model to 50 years of quarterly U.S. macroeconomic time series data with Bayesian techniques. We conclude that extrapolative expectations in asset pricing are statistically significant, quantitatively relevant and result in a substantial improvement in the model's fit to the data. In particular, extrapolative expectations in asset pricing lead to more pronounced hump‐shaped responses in the asset price and investment to shocks, and the model matches the degree of persistence observed in the asset price data significantly better than the alternative DSGE models considered here, which are the Smets and Wouters (2007; American Economic Review, 97, 586–606) model, including a variant of the model with pre‐determined investment expenditures, and the Gilchrist, Ortiz, and Zakrajsek (2009; Credit risk and the macroeconomy: Evidence from an estimated DSGE model. Mimeo) financial frictions model. Our findings are confirmed by numerous robustness exercises, including different prior assumptions, different sample periods and different time series variables, both excluding asset price data and the use of different asset price measures.
Which measure of systematic risk should we use? An empirical study on systematical risk and Treynor measure using the economic index of riskiness and operational measure of riskiness
Authors: Lu Richard , Cheung Adrian (Wai Kong) , Hoang Vu T. , Islam Sardar M. N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis paper empirically studies the differences among the systematic risks of three asset pricing models, namely; the mean–variance capital asset pricing model (MV‐CAPM), AS‐CAPM and FH‐CAPM. The last two are derived by replacing variance with the Aumann‐Serrano (AS) index and the Foster‐Hart (FH) as the risk measure in MV‐CAPM. We use the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) index as a proxy for the market portfolio, and its component stocks to check if the systematic risks and the Treynor measures are different. The monthly return data from January 1997 to October 2017 are used for empirical estimations. The results show that the three systematic risks are highly correlated. Similarly, high correlation is also found for the three Treynor measures. It seems that even though they are derived under different risk measures, they produce almost the same systematic risk and performance measure for individual stocks. Therefore the findings of the present study suggest that any of the above measures can be used in empirical finance in the area of risk management. As this finding is different from those of other studies in the existing literature in this area, this study makes a contribution to the finance literature.
Therisk‐takingchannel in theUnited States: AGVARapproach
Authors: Alzuabi Raslan , Caglayan Mustafa , Mouratidis Kostas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractUsing a panel of large U.S. banks, we examine banks' risk‐taking behaviour in response to monetary policy shocks. Our investigation provides support for the presence of a risk‐taking channel: banks' non‐performing loans increase in the medium to long‐run following an expansionary monetary policy shock. We also find that banks' capital structure plays an important role in explaining bank's risk‐taking appetite. Impulse response analysis shows that shocks emanating from larger banks spill over to the rest of the sector but no such effect is observed for smaller banks. These findings are confirmed for banks' Z‐score.
The asymmetric effects of industry specific volatility in momentum returns
Authors: Badreddine Sina , Clark Ephraim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we look specifically at the effect of industry volatility on momentum returns, a phenomenon that has been overlooked in previous studies. We find that industry volatility has asymmetric effects on the winner and loser portfolios. The cross‐sectional variation in the returns of high and low‐volatility winners is driven primarily by industry volatility. It disappears after controlling for the effect of industry volatility on total firm volatility. However, for firms in the loser portfolios, the differential return between high and low volatile stocks remains even after adjusting for industry volatility. This implies that momentum returns are mainly induced by industry specific news at the winners' level and firm‐specific factors at the losers' level. The results are robust even after controlling for different levels of liquidity.
Use of interactive instructional tools in virtual 3D planning
Authors: Mitov Gergo , Alevizakos Vasilios , Bryk Christoph , Draenert Florian , Vassileva Zvetelina , von See Constantin 
Published: July 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of screencast training videos for users from different professional backgrounds on the basis of the quality and quantity of virtual 3D implant planning as evaluated using assessment software.MethodsParticipants in the study were dental students (n = 21), dental technicians (n = 16), or practicing dentists (n = 16) with no knowledge of the implant planning software CoDiagnostiX or any experience in virtual implant planning. They were randomly divided into 2 groups: The participants of the control group were presented training videos on CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) and implant planning, additional to the traditional software manual. The participants of the experimental group received, additionally, a training video on the planning software, produced in the form of a screencast. Then 3 implant planning procedures were performed by all participants. The quality of implant planning was assessed using the Treatment Evaluation Tool software, and time for planning was measured.ResultsPaired sample tests showed significantly shorter planning times for the experimental groups consisting of dentists and students (P < 0.001). A comparison of the results of the individual groups reveals that students and dental technicians who had not received prior screencast training were significantly less precise in their planning (P < 0.001).ConclusionThis study suggests a promising outcome for the future use of screencasts in the acquisition of software skills for dental software. There is a need for tools for objective self‐assessment of effectiveness in software training.
Global climatology of rainfall rates and lifetime accumulated rainfall in tropical cyclones: Influence of cyclone basin, cyclone intensity and cyclone size
Authors: Lavender Sally L. , McBride John L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSeventeen years of 3‐hr, 0.25° resolution, precipitation data from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) multi‐satellite precipitation analysis (TMPA) product are used to develop a global climatology of precipitation in tropical cyclones (TCs). Due to very large SDs for rainfall in each stratification by intensity class or cyclone basin, our methodology concentrates on frequency distributions and percentage representation in different rainfall rate categories. The stratifications reveal that the TC rainfall climatologies are dependent on three inter‐related factors: TC intensity, TC size and TC basin. The interdependence of the three is examined. The distributions of TC intensity classes in the different basins are not a significant contributor to the fact that certain basins (Northwest Pacific, North Atlantic) have higher TC rainfall rates than other basins (Northeast Pacific, South Indian). In contrast to this, the distributions of TC size classes between basins are a significant contributor to why some basins are wetter than others. A climatology is also presented of lifetime accumulated rainfall (LAR) in TCs. The record LAR belongs to hurricane Ivan in 2004, with 300 km3 of rain over the 0–350 km radius, and 432 km3 over 0–500 km. The largest LAR values occur almost exclusively in two cyclone basins: The Northwest Pacific and the North Atlantic. Not unexpectedly, LAR is determined primarily by TC duration, which accounts for around 70% of the variance. Examination of the full 17‐year dataset reveals a decreasing trend in both median and extreme TC rainfall rates in all basins except the Northeast Pacific. However, mechanisms responsible for this decrease are yet to be identified and may be primarily due to the sample size or data inhomogeneities. The difference between the trends and those expected from physical principles is a concern which we hope will be taken up by other investigators.
Ultrasonography and Other Nutrition Assessment Methods to Monitor the Nutrition Status of Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Rodrigues Camila Neves , Ribeiro Henrique Jessimara , Ferreira Álida Rosária SIlva , Correia Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to evaluate the use of ultrasonography (US) as an instrument to assess the quadriceps muscles in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), comparing the evolution of US‐assessed mass muscle to other nutrition methods.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study of adult patients aged ≥18 years admitted to an ICU of the Hospital das Clínicas in Brazil. Quadriceps muscle measurements were performed by US, and adductor pollicis muscle thickness and arm, calf, and thigh circumferences were measured at admission and every 2 days within the first week. Nutrition status was assessed at baseline by using the Subjective Global Assessment and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria. Mechanical ventilation time, length of hospital and ICU stay, and mortality were recorded.ResultsSixty patients were included. Reductions in quadriceps thickness and rectus femoris cross‐sectional area were observed at landmarks two‐thirds reduction of both measurements from days 1 and 3 to days 5 and 7 (P = .017 and P = .000, respectively). The mid arm circumference (MAC) was reduced. Malnourished patients had lower initial muscle mass. However, muscle mass loss was similar between nourished and malnourished individuals (P > .005). Clinical outcomes were not impacted by muscle loss.ConclusionsUS muscle mass assessment was able to detect short‐term changes in critically ill patients but must be used with caution. MAC was also identified as a useful follow‐up tool.
Synthesis, Surface Activity, and Biological Activities of Phosphonium and Metronidazole Salts
Authors: Lukáč Miloš , Pisárčik Martin , Garajová Mária , Mrva Martin , Dušeková Aneta , Vrták Andrej , Horáková Renáta , Horváth Branislav , Devínsky Ferdinand 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA series of phosphonium amphiphilic compounds was synthesized. Cationic parts of molecules contain triphenylphosphonium moieties. Lipophilic parts of compounds are represented by straight alkyl chain or the alkyl chains which are ornamented by benzyl or metronidazole. The physicochemical properties of phosphonium amphiphilic compounds were investigated by the measurements of surface tension and conductivity. The critical micelle concentration (cmc), the surface tension value at the cmc (γcmc), the surface area at the surface saturation per head group (Acmc) were determined. The lowest cmc value was determined for phosphonium salts with straight dodecyl alkyl chain. Its value was 1.5 × 10−3 mol dm−3. Surface tension at the cmc decreases with the addition of bulky moieties (benzyl, radical from metronidazol) at the end of alkyl chains. Biological activities of compounds were studied on human erythrocytes and strains of Acanthamoeba lugdunensis and Acanthamoeba quina. Dodecyltriphenylphosphonium bromide showed the highest activity against Acanthamoeba. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first compound of the group of phosphonium amphiphiles, which exhibited high activity against Acanthamoeba. The determined structure–activity relationship indicated nonspecific trophocidal and hemolytic activity that depends on physicochemical properties of the studied compounds.
Fusion and secretory expression of an exo‐inulinase and a d‐allulose 3‐epimerase to produce d‐allulose syrup from inulin
Authors: Huang Yueyuan , Li Liangfei , Chi Yaowei , Sha Yuanyuan , Wang Rui , Xu Zheng , Xu Xiaoqi , Li Sha , Gao Zhen , Xu Hong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study developed a feasible catalytic method for d‐allulose syrup production using a fusion enzyme, either in free or immobilized form, through hydrolysis of inulin extracted from Jerusalem artichoke tubers.RESULTSd‐Allulose 3‐epimerase (DAE) was actively expressed in secretory form by fusing with the extracellular exo‐inulinase CSCA in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The best linker ligating the two enzymes was a flexible peptide containing 12 residues (GSAGSAAGSGEF). At 55 °C and pH 8.0, and as with the addition of 1 mmol L−1 Mn2+, the CSCA‐linkerE‐DAE fusion enzyme obtained through high cell‐density cultivation displayed a maximal exo‐inulinase activity of 21.8 U mg−1 and resulted in a yield of 6.3 g L−1 d‐allulose and 39.2 g L−1 d‐fructose using 60 g L−1 inulin as the raw material. Catechol‐modified alginate with titanium ions (Alg(Ti)PDA) was found to be a promising immobilization material for the fusion enzyme. After conversion for 8 days, the Alg(Ti)PDA‐immobilized CSCA‐linkerE‐DAE (8 U g−1) completed 24 reaction cycles and retained over 80% of its original activity. Each reaction obtained an average of 19.8 g L−1 d‐allulose and 32.7 g L−1 D‐fructose from 60 g L−1 inulin.CONCLUSIONThis study shed light on a feasible and cost‐effective approach for the production of syrup containing d‐allulose and D‐fructose with inulin as the raw material via the use of a CSCA and DAE fusion enzyme. This syrup is of added value as a functional sweetener. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Application of a chimeric ALT perforator flap with vastus lateralis muscle mass in the reconstruction of the defects after radical resection of a buccal carcinoma: A retrospective clinical study
Authors: Wu Xiaoshan , Yang Rong , Yuan Yongxiang , Xiong Yafei , Su Tong , Jiang Canhua , Jian Xinchun , Guo Feng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAggressive resection of buccal cancer simultaneously leaves both oral and lateral facial defects. It is unknown whether a perforator‐based chimeric anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap, with a muscular component, is suitable for the reconstruction of these complicated defects.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 48 patients with a buccal carcinoma (T2 N0‐1 M0), who underwent extensive surgical resection, were enrolled. Twenty‐seven cases underwent reconstruction using the classical ALT perforator flap (classical group), and 21 cases used the chimeric ALT perforator flap with vastus lateralis muscle mass (chimeric group). The incidence of wound infection, lower limb extremity function, facial appearance, survival curves, and quality of life were compared between groups.ResultsThe incidence of wound infection or effusion was lower in the chimeric group than in the classical group. The aesthetic result achieved in the chimeric group was better than in the classical group. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in the function of the donor site between groups.ConclusionsThe chimeric ALT perforator flap, with a muscular component, can reconstruct both the oral and lateral face defects accurately. It sustains the profile of the lateral face and decreases the incidence of wound infection.