bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The anatomical structures of the genus Iberis L. (Brassicaceae) in Turkey
Authors: Çitak Burcu Yilmaz , Dural Hüseyin 
Published: December 2020

The present study was designed to analyse the anatomy of the vegetative and reproductive parts of Turkish Iberis species from a systematic point of view. Samples of leaves, stems, roots, fruits, and seeds of each species were collected, fixed, and processed according to the paraffin method for light microscopy. The numerical analysis derived from 11 anatomical characteristics showed that the number and dimensions of vessels in the root, presence of aerenchyma in the leaf, number and dimensions of palisade parenchyma, and mesophyll type were useful for grouping the Iberis taxa. The testa was composed of four layers: the epidermis, subepidermis, compact tissue, and parenchyma. The testa thickness was a significant character to distinguish the investigated Iberis species. In this study, the traditional classification of Turkish Iberis species was mostly congruent with the dendrogram generated vegetative anatomical properties.
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 213-224, 2020 (December)
Auto-taxonomy of Brassica tournefortii Gouan. (Brassicaceae) in Egypt
Authors: Abdelhameed Asmaa , Amer Wafaa , Hassan Walaa , Aboellil Ayman 
Published: December 2020

Brassica tournefortii Gouan. (family Brassicaceae) is one of the five species in the Egyptian flora. Its populations showed notable morpho-plasticity with taxonomic debates, which were not yet resolved. The current study was carried out to assess the species morpho-plasticity and its molecular identity based on ISSR. The study was applied to 27 herbarium and fresh populations, representing all the species distribution ranges in Egypt. The taxonomic revision included 70 morphological characters, revealed five distinct Forms (1-5), radical leaf, and fruit provided the major distinguishable traits among the studied 70 morphological characters based on them the morphologic key is provided to delimit these forms. The pollen grain features using SEM are a pioneer at the infra-specific level, two shapes observed the subprolate (Forms 1& 3) and prolate (Forms 2, 4 & 5). Furthermore, the exine micro-features possess taxonomic value at the infraspecific level. The cluster analysis based on ISSR data revealed two clusters congruent to those developed by morphological and pollen traits. The ISSR results indicated that the species morpho-plasticity is genetically controlled. The study highlights the importance of the multidisciplinary approach to assess the taxonomic identity at the infra-specific level, for the auto-taxonomy of morpho-plastic species.
Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(2): 233-250, 2020 (December)
CSF Levels of Elongation Factor Tu Is Associated With Increased Mortality in Malawian Adults With Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis
Authors: Wall Emma C. , Brownridge Philip , Laing Gavin , Terra Vanessa S. , Mlozowa Veronica , Denis Brigitte , Nyirenda Mulinda , Allain Theresa , Ramos-Sevillano Elisa , Carrol Enitan , Collins Andrea , Gordon Stephen B. , Lalloo David G. , Wren Brendan , Beynon Robert , Heyderman Robert S. , Brown Jeremy S. 
Published: December 2020

BackgroundMortality from bacterial meningitis, predominately caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, exceeds 50% in sub-Saharan African countries with high HIV prevalence. Underlying causes of high mortality are poorly understood. We examined the host and pathogen proteome in the CSF of adults with proven pneumococcal meningitis (PM), testing if there was an association between differentially expressed proteins and outcome.Materials/MethodsCSF proteomes were analyzed by quantitative Mass-Spectrometry. Spectra were identified using the Swissprot human and TIGR4 pneumococcal protein libraries. Proteins were quantitated and analyzed against mortality. Unique proteins in PM were identified against published normal CSF proteome. Random-Forest models were used to test for protein signatures discriminating outcome. Proteins of interest were tested for their effects on growth and neutrophil opsonophagocytic killing of S. pneumoniae.ResultsCSF proteomes were available for 57 Adults with PM (median age 32 years, 60% male, 70% HIV-1 co-infected, mortality 63%). Three hundred sixty individual human and 23 pneumococcal proteins were identified. Of the human protein hits, 30% were not expressed in normal CSF, and these were strongly associated with inflammation and primarily related to neutrophil activity. No human protein signature predicted outcome. However, expression of the essential S. pneumoniae protein Elongation Factor Tu (EF-Tu) was significantly increased in CSF of non-survivors [False Discovery Rate (q) &lt;0.001]. Expression of EF-Tu was negatively co-correlated against expression of Neutrophil defensin (r 0.4 p p &lt; 0.002), but not against complement proteins C3 or Factor H. In vitro, addition of EF-Tu protein impaired S. pneumoniae neutrophil killing in CSF.ConclusionsExcessive S. pneumoniae EF-Tu protein in CSF was associated with reduced survival in meningitis in a high HIV prevalence population. We show EF-Tu may inhibit neutrophil mediated killing of S. pneumoniae in CSF. Further mechanistic work is required to better understand how S. pneumoniae avoids essential innate immune responses during PM through production of excess EF-Tu.
Pharmacokinetics and Immunological Effects of Romidepsin in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Kleinman Adam J. , Xu Cuiling , Cottrell Mackenzie L. , Sivanandham Ranjit , Brocca-Cofano Egidio , Dunsmore Tammy , Kashuba Angela , Pandrea Ivona , Apetrei Cristian 
Published: December 2020

HIV/SIV persistence in latent reservoirs requires lifelong antiretroviral treatment and calls for effective cure strategies. Romidepsin (RMD), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, was reported to reactivate HIV/SIV from reservoirs in virus-suppressed individuals. We characterized in detail the pharmacokinetics and safety profile of RMD in three SIV-naïve rhesus macaques which received two rounds of treatment. In plasma, RMD mean terminal half-life was 15.3 h. In comparison, RMD mean terminal half-life was much longer in tissues: 110 h in the lymph nodes (LNs) and 28 h in gastrointestinal tract. RMD administration was accompanied by transient liver and systemic toxicity. Isoflurane anesthesia induced near-immediate transient lymphopenia, which was further exacerbated and extended with the extensive immune modifications by RMD. The effect of RMD on circulating immune cells was complex: (i) slight increase in lymphocyte death rates; (ii) transient, robust increase in neutrophils; (iii) massive downregulation of lymphocyte surface markers; (iv) important migration of CD3+ T cells to the gut and LNs; and (v) hindrance to CD8+ T cell functionality, yet without reaching significance. Our results show that, in contrast to transient plasma concentrations, RMD has a long-term presence in tissues, with multiple immunomodulatory effects and minimal to moderate kidney, liver, and lymphocyte toxicities. As such, we concluded that RMD can be used for “shock and kill” approaches, preferentially in combination with other latency reversal agents or cytotoxic T lymphocyte boosting strategies with consideration taken for adverse effects.
Tolerance to Bone Marrow Transplantation: Do Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Still Have a Future for Acute or Chronic GvHD?
Authors: Introna Martino , Golay Josée 
Published: December 2020

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are fibroblast-like cells of mesodermal origin present in many tissues and which have the potential to differentiate to osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondroblasts. They also have a clear immunosuppressive and tissue regeneration potential. Indeed, the initial classification of MSCs as pluripotent stem cells, has turned into their identification as stromal progenitors. Due to the relatively simple procedures available to expand in vitro large numbers of GMP grade MSCs from a variety of different tissues, many clinical trials have tested their therapeutic potential in vivo. One pathological condition where MSCs have been quite extensively tested is steroid resistant (SR) graft versus host disease (GvHD), a devastating condition that may occur in acute or chronic form following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The clinical and experimental results obtained have outlined a possible efficacy of MSCs, but unfortunately statistical significance in clinical studies has only rarely been reached and effects have been relatively limited in most cases. Nonetheless, the extremely complex pathogenetic mechanisms at the basis of GvHD, the fact that studies have been conducted often in patients who had been previously treated with multiple lines of therapy, the variable MSC doses and schedules administered in different trials, the lack of validated potency assays and clear biomarkers, the difference in MSC sources and production methods may have been major factors for this lack of clear efficacy in vivo. The heterogeneity of MSCs and their different stromal differentiation potential and biological activity may be better understood through more refined single cell sequencing and proteomic studies, where either an “anti-inflammatory” or a more “immunosuppressive” profile can be identified. We summarize the pathogenic mechanisms of acute and chronic GvHD and the role for MSCs. We suggest that systematic controlled clinical trials still need to be conducted in the most promising clinical settings, using better characterized cells and measuring efficacy with specific biomarkers, before strong conclusions can be drawn about the therapeutic potential of these cells in this context. The same analysis should be applied to other inflammatory, immune or degenerative diseases where MSCs may have a therapeutic potential.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Analysis of Features Affecting Cataract Surgery Complications in a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Lanza Michele , Koprowski Robert , Boccia Rosa , Krysik Katarzyna , Sbordone Sandro , Tartaglione Antonio , Ruggiero Adriano , Simonelli Francesca 
Published: December 2020

Aims: To evaluate the ocular and systemic factors involved in cataract surgery complications in a teaching hospital using artificial intelligence.Methods: One eye of 1,229 patients with a mean age of 70.2 ± 10.3 years old that underwent cataract surgery was selected for this study. Ocular and systemic details of the patients were recorded and then analyzed by means of artificial intelligence. A total of 1.25 billion simulations of artificial intelligence learning and testing were conducted on several variables and a customized model of analysis was developed.Results: A total of 73 complications were recorded in this study. According to the analysis performed, the main factors involved in cataract surgery complications were: a surgeon in training, axial length and intraocular lens power. The model predicted how long surgery would last with an error of &lt;6 min compared to the effective time needed.Conclusions: According to the data here obtained, artificial intelligence could be an interesting option to build customized models able to prevent complications and to predict actual surgery time. The customized algorithm option allows the development of better models adaptable to different units as well as the possibility to be calibrated for the same unit along time.
MR Imaging of Peripheral Nerves Using Targeted Application of Contrast Agents: An Experimental Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Tereshenko Vlad , Pashkunova-Martic Irena , Manzano-Szalai Krisztina , Friske Joachim , Bergmeister Konstantin D. , Festin Christopher , Aman Martin , Hruby Laura A. , Klepetko Johanna , Theiner Sarah , Klose Matthias H. M. , Keppler Bernhard , Helbich Thomas H. , Aszmann Oskar C. 
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Current imaging modalities for peripheral nerves display the nerve's structure but not its function. Based on a nerve's capacity for axonal transport, it may be visualized by targeted application of a contrast agent and assessing the distribution through radiological imaging, thus revealing a nerve's continuity. This concept has not been explored, however, may potentially guide the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. In this experimental proof-of-concept study, we tested imaging through MRI after administering gadolinium-based contrast agents which were then retrogradely transported.Methods: We synthesized MRI contrast agents consisting of paramagnetic agents and various axonal transport facilitators (HSA-DTPA-Gd, chitosan-DTPA-Gd or PLA/HSA-DTPA-Gd). First, we measured their relaxivity values in vitro to assess their radiological suitability. Subsequently, the sciatic nerve of 24 rats was cut and labeled with one of the contrast agents to achieve retrograde distribution along the nerve. One week after surgery, the spinal cords and sciatic nerves were harvested to visualize the distribution of the respective contrast agent using 7T MRI. In vivo MRI measurements were performed using 9.4 T MRI on the 1st, 3rd, and the 7th day after surgery. Following radiological imaging, the concentration of gadolinium in the harvested samples was analyzed using inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).Results: All contrast agents demonstrated high relaxivity values, varying between 12.1 and 116.0 mM−1s−1. HSA-DTPA-Gd and PLA/HSA-DTPA-Gd application resulted in signal enhancement in the vertebral canal and in the sciatic nerve in ex vivo MRI. In vivo measurements revealed significant signal enhancement in the sciatic nerve on the 3rd and 7th day after HSA-DTPA-Gd and chitosan-DTPA-Gd (p &lt; 0.05) application. Chemical evaluation showed high gadolinium concentration in the sciatic nerve for HSA-DTPA-Gd (5.218 ± 0.860 ng/mg) and chitosan-DTPA-Gd (4.291 ± 1.290 ng/mg).Discussion: In this study a novel imaging approach for the evaluation of a peripheral nerve's integrity was implemented. The findings provide radiological and chemical evidence of successful contrast agent uptake along the sciatic nerve and its distribution within the spinal canal in rats. This novel concept may assist in the diagnostic process of peripheral nerve injuries in the future.
Olfactory Dysfunction and Its Association With Neuropathologic Proteins in Cerebrospinal Fluid From Patients With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Guo Peng , Wang Rui-dan , Lian Teng-hong , Ding Du-yu , Zhang Ya-nan , Zhang Wei-Jiao , Li Dan-ning , Li Li-xia , Li Jing-hui , Guan Hui-ying , Yu Shu-yang , Liu Li , Hu Yang , Zuo Li-jun , Yu Qiu-jin , Wang Xiao-min , Zhang Wei 
Published: December 2020

Background and Purpose: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease (PD). However, the relationship between OD and neuropathologic proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from PD patients remains unclear.Methods: 166 PD patients were included in the study. Overall olfactory function was assessed by summing up the scores of olfactory threshold, discrimination, and identification by a Sniffin' Sticks test, based on which, patients were divided into PD with OD (PD-OD) and PD with no OD (PD-NOD) groups. CSF samples were obtained from 76 PD patients. The levels of neuropathologic proteins, including α-Synuclein, Aβ1-42, total tau (T-tau), and multiple forms of phosphorylated tau (P-tau) in CSF were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: out of the 166 PD patients, 103 cases (62.0%) had OD. The scores of overall olfactory functions, and olfactory threshold, discrimination, and identification in the PD-OD group were all significantly lower than that in the PD-NOD group (P &lt; 0.001). α-Synuclein level in CSF was significantly higher in the PD-OD group than the PD-NOD group (P &lt; 0.05), and was significantly and negatively correlated with the scores of overall olfactory function, and olfactory discrimination and identification (P &lt; 0.05). Aβ1-42 level in CSF was higher in the PD-OD group than the PD-NOD group, and was significantly and negatively correlated with the olfactory identification score (P &lt; 0.05). T-tau level in CSF was significantly lower in the PD-OD group than the PD-NOD group (P &lt; 0.05), and was significantly and positively correlated with the olfactory discrimination score (P &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in P-tau level in CSF between the PD-OD and PD-NOD groups and no correlation between OD score and P-tau level in CSF.Conclusions: PD-OD includes the impairments of olfactory threshold, discrimination, and identification, and is associated with the significant elevation of α-Synuclein and the decrease of the T-tau level in CSF.
Diagnostic Utility of Serial Microscopic Examination of the Urinary Sediment in Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Varghese Vipin , Rivera Maria Soledad , Alalwan Ali A. , Alghamdi Ayman M. , Gonzalez Manuel E. , Velez Juan Carlos Q. 
Published: December 2020

Background
Microscopic examination of the urinary sediment (MicrExUrSed) is an established diagnostic tool for AKI. However, single inspection of a urine specimen during AKI is a mere snapshot affected by timing. We hypothesized that longitudinal MicrExUrSed provides information otherwise not identified in a single inspection.

Methods
MicrExUrSed was undertaken in patients with AKI stage ≥2 and suspected intrinsic cause of AKI seen for nephrology consultation over a 2-year period. MicrExUrSed was performed on the day of consultation and repeated at a second (2–3 days later) and/or third (4–10 days later) interval. Cast scores were assigned to each specimen. Chawla scores (CS) 3–4 and Perazella scores (PS) 2–4 were categorized as consistent with acute tubular injury (ATI), whereas CS 1–2 and PS 0–1 were categorized as nondiagnostic for ATI (non-ATI). Nonrecovering AKI was defined as a rise in serum creatinine (sCr) ≥0.1 mg/dl between microscopy intervals.

Results
At least two consecutive MicrExUrSed were performed in 121 patients (46% women, mean age 61±14, mean sCr at consult of 3.3±1.9 mg/dl). On day 1, a CS and PS consistent with non-ATI was assigned to 64 (53%) and 70 (58%) patients, respectively. After a subsequent MicrExUrSed, CS and PS changed to ATI in 14 (22%) and 16 (23%) patients. Thus, 20%–24% of patients only revealed evidence of ATI after serial MicrExUrSed was performed. Patients with nonrecovering AKI were more likely to change their PS to the ATI category (odds ratio, 5.8; 95% CI, 1.7 to 19.3; P=0.005 and positive likelihood ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.9).

Conclusions
Serial MicrExUrSed revealed diagnostic findings of ATI otherwise not identified in a single examination. A repeat MicrExUrSed may be warranted in patients AKI of unclear etiology that are not recovering.
Proyectos y concreciones. Políticas de Estado y obra pública en Mendoza durante el primer peronismo (1946-1955)
Authors: Parera Cecilia 
Published: December 2020

Reseña del libro Proyectos y concreciones. Políticas de Estado y obra pública en Mendoza durante el primer peronismo (1946-1955), dirigido por Cecilia Raffa e Ivana Hirschegger
RELATIONSHIP OF LABOR TYPES WITH STATUS
Authors: Fitri Nina , Sari Vitria Komala 
Published: December 2020

Background: Every woman wants her labor to run smoothly and can give birth to a baby perfectly. Labor can proceed normally, but it is not uncommon for the labor process to experience obstacles and must be done through surgery.
Objective: to find out the relationship between the type of labor and the health status of newborns in the city of Bukittinggi.
Methods: analytical survey research with crossectional design. With a sample of 120 respondents. Time of study in June-August. The test used is the Chi-Square test with a 95% confidence level.
Results: Statistical test results showed that there was a relationship between apgar score (p = 0.003 and OR = 3.237), respiratory conditions (p = 0.010 and OR = 2,800), meconium aspiration (p = 0,0005 and OR = 10,846), trauma to infants (p = 0,0005 and OR = 9,942), admission to care (p = 0,002 and OR = 3,667) and IMD (p = 0,0005 and OR = 24,750) to the type of labor. While infectious diseases did not have a relationship to the type of labor (p = 0.583).
Conclusion: there is a correlation between apgar score, respiratory condition, meconium aspiration, admission to care and IMD with the type of labor. And there is no relationship between infection in newborns to the health status of newborns.

Keywords: Types of Labor, Health Status, Newborns.
PROUST EM ROMENO – A LA RECHERCHE DU TEMPS PERDU
Authors: Constantinescu Muguras 
Published: December 2020

Partimos, na presente comunicação, da ideia da necessidade de uma história de traduções em língua romena, com o objetivo principal de reconhecer a tradução como parte integrante do patrimônio da língua e da cultura romena, pressupondo também o reconhecimento de sua dimensão dialógica, a abertura a outras línguas e culturas. Reconstruiremos, dentro dos limites de um artigo, o perfil e a posição de cadatradutor, suas motivações, tal como elas estão presentes (quando for o caso) no aparelho paratextual. Este último, elaborado pelo tradutor, por críticos literários e/ou historiadores, será também o objeto de nossa análise. Em conclusão, propomos ver como uma tradução como a de Proust pode ajudar a desenvolver as possibilidades de expressão da língua e literatura anfitriã. Analisaremos, antes de tudo, o intervalo de tempo entre a publicação do original e a publicação das primeiras traduções fragmentadas e em volume, comparando esta situação com a da tradução de outras obras importantes da herança literária francesa. Reconstruiremos, dentro dos limites de um artigo, o perfil e a posição de cada tradutor, suas motivações, tal como elas estão presentes (quando for o caso) no aparato paratextual. Este último, elaborado pelo tradutor, por críticos literários e/ou historiadores, será também o objeto de nossa análise. Em conclusão, propomos ver como uma tradução como a de Proust pode ajudar a desenvolver as possibilidades de expressão da língua e literatura anfitriã.
Palavras-Chave: História das traduções, tradutores, paratextos.
Hormonal conditions of postpartum depression
Authors: Jankowska Katarzyna , Woźniak Piotr A. 
Published: December 2020

The sudden drop in the level of postpartum certain hormones, especially estrogens and progesterone, promotes mood disorders. Some women may have severe symptoms of postpartum depression, that need timely diagnosis and proper treatment. Women with premenstrual syndrome symptoms are particularly at risk of depression.
To prevent the dangerous consequences of unrecognized postpartum depression, a requirement was introduced in 2019 in Poland for gynecologists to interview pregnant women and to exclude the occurrence of depression in the postpartum period.
The aim of the study is to present the hormonal determinants of postpartum depression with particular attention to risk factors.