bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE RATE AND INDICATION OF CAESAREAN SECTION IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
Authors: Kumawat Urvashi , Natu Neeta 
Published: March 2020

Method: The rate of caesarean section was only slightly higher than recommended by the WHO. Most of caesarean sections were emergency caesarean sections. Data on all live births were collected, including type of delivery, and indication was recorded if cesarean section was done. Total, primary, & repeat cesarean section rates were calculated for each year. The cesarean rate was calculated as the number of cesarean births divided by total live births. The rate for each indication was calculated annually as the number of cesarean births performed for each indication per 1,000 live births.
Result: These two groups constituted nearly 87.7% of total C-Sections. Only 3.4% of the cases belonged to the elderly age group of above 35 years. Maximum no. of caesarean sections was in multiparous females (54.3%). Out of 550 caesarean deliveries 76.7% were from urban area. Also, result showed that only 68.7% were booked for antenatal care.
Conclusion: The rate of cesarean section has increased with time with primary and repeat cesareans both showing an increase. In the primary CS rate, indications like labor arrest disorders & fetal distress show an increase more than the objective indications like malpresentation. In repeat CS, history of 02 or more previous sections & scar tenderness contributed more than the fetal distress.
Keywords: Indication, Caesarean
EFFICACY OF SOFOSBUVIR AND RIBAVIRIN BASED TREATMENT IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C GENOTYPE 3 PATIENTS
Authors: Laway Mushtaq , Shiekh Shabir , Sideeq Shafat , Wani Zafar , Shafi Peerzada Mohd 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represents a major healthcare challenge in both industrialized and developing countries. The standard treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been interferon-based over many years with less than satisfactory cure rate and many side-effects. Directly acting antivirals (DAAs) have promise for a treatment regimen free of interferons with much better cure rate and minimal side-effects.
Aims and Objectives: To evaluate efficacy and safety of an oral interferon-free regimen, sofosbuvir plus ribavirin in the treatment in genotype 3 chronic hepatitis C patients.
Materials and Methods: 200 treatment naïve chronic hepatitis C genotype 3 patients of either sex with age more than 18 years were enrolled in the study. Sofosbuvir 400 mg once daily plus Ribavarin weight-based was given to all the patients. Duration of treatment was 24 weeks and 12 weeks to cirrhotics and non-cirrhotics respectively.
Data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS version 22.
Results and Observations: In this prospective study the total number of patients was two hundred (n=200). The mean age (in years) of patients was 44.2 ± 14.7. The number of male patients was 112 (56 %) and 88 (44 %) were females. The number of cirrhotic patients was 70 while 130 were non-cirrhotic.
On comparison on the basis of sustained virological response at twelve weeks of the completion of treatment (SVR12) we observed that treatment naïve cirrhotic patients had SVR 12 of 92.8 % while in the non cirrhotic patients SVR 12= was 96.9 % . Adverse effects were insignificant and none of the patients dropped out because of side effects.
Conclusion: The sofosbuvir and ribavirin based therapy showed very good rates of sustained virological response in chronic hepatitis C genotype 3 patients irrespective of the state of fibrosis. In addition it was found to be cost effective, safe and very well-tolerated.
Keywords: Hepatitis C; Genotype 3; directly acting antivirals, Sofosbuvir, Sutained virologic response (SVR).
TO DETERMINE THE DIFFERENCE IN HAEMODYNAMIC PARAMETER OF ORAL 75MG, 150MG PREGABALIN PREMEDICATION AND CONTROL GROUP AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY.
Authors: Singh Naveen Kumar , Shakeet Jayesh 
Published: March 2020

Background: In preemptive analgesia, the analgesic treatment is started before and is operational during the surgical procedure so that the physiological consequences of nociceptive transmission are reduced.
Methods: This Hospital based, prospective, randomized, double blind, comparative study was conducted in Department of Anaesthesiology.
Results: The mean baseline variable i.e. pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure were comparable in both the groups. (P value>0.05). Thus we can say that the randomization was done adequately. Hemodynamic variables (pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure) were also comparable during intraoperative period.
Conclusion: Although preemptive use of both pregabalin 75mg and pregabalin 150 mg are effective for prolongation of postoperative analgesia but pregabalin 75mg is superior to pregabalin 150mg as it provides similar postoperative analgesia as compared to 150mg without causing significant change in haemodynamic variables and any adverse effect.
Keywords: Preemptive analgesia, Gabapentin, Rescue analgesic.
A STUDY OF HEPATIC DYSFUNCTION IN DENGUE EPIDEMIC
Authors: Goyal Kamlesh , Lakhawat Vivek , Chandra Subhash 
Published: March 2020

Background: To study liver function test in dengue fever patients.
Methods: This study was hospital based prospective study, which included 100 cases of dengue fever.
Results: 28 patients had ALT >1-3 ×UNL (upper normal limit), 18 patients had ALT >3-10×UNL and 6 patients had >10×UNL. 24 patients had AST >1-3×UNL, 23 patients had AST >3-10×UNL and 11 patients had >10×UNL.
Conclusion: The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in dengue patients was higher than alanine aminotransferase(ALT) levels. This differs from the pattern in viral hepatitis but is similar to that seen in alcoholic hepatitis.
FUNCTIONAL PAIN ABDOMEN IN CHILDREN
Authors: Smith Abhilasha , Lata Sandhya 
Published: March 2020

Background: Chronic abdominal pain is one of the most common problem dealt in day to day practice by paediatricians. In most of these children, no cause can be identified. Although it is common but its definition, pathophysiological mechanisms and predisposing factors are not completely understood & there is need for large well performed clinical trials for evidence based treatment.
Methods: Hospital based prospective case control study conducted at Department of Paediatric. The study was commenced after obtaining clearance from institutional ethical committee. Written consent were taken from the parents for this study and those who were not willing excluded from study. Patients of age group 5 to 15 yrs of any gender presenting to paediatrics hospital (who fulfill inclusion and exclusion criteria) with >3 episodes of abdominal pain in preceding year were enrolled for study.
Results: Most common site of pain was upper abdomen present in 72% children, followed by lower abdomen in 22% children and generalized pain abdomen in 8% children. Prevalence of functional GI Disorders in children with RAP. 92% children had FGIDs while rest 8% children had organic or infectious aetiology.
Conclusion: This study reports higher prevalence of FGIDs in children with RAP and also identifies the variables associated with increased risk of this disorder in children with RAP. Female gender, school going children, psychological stress, traumatic life event and lower socioeconomic status increase the prevalence.
Keywords: Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP), Functional abdominal pain (FAP), Chronic abdominal pain.
TO ASSESS THE RESPONSE AND OUTCOME OF THE TB PATIENTS REGISTERED AT DTC REWA OF CENTRAL INDIA
Authors: Niranjan Anjana , Sharma Sanjeev , Trivedi Rohit , Adhikari Pahram , Jain Achala , Patel Seema 
Published: March 2020

Background-Tuberculosis is a highly infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease primarily affects lungs so it known as Pulmonary TB and other tissues of the body which is known as Extra-pulmonary TB. The vast majority of TB deaths are in the developing world left untreated, Tuberculosis is treatable with a course of antibiotics. The most successful strategy to treat TB patients is DOTS.
Material and Method: This is a Prospective Longitudinal study conducted among the patients attending DOTS center of DTC located at S.G.M.H. campus Rewa for the Treatment provided under of a definitive time period ( as per RNTCP, last quarter of 2014) from 1st Oct to 31st Dec 2014.
Aim & Objective: 1. To observe the sputum conversion rate of study population. 2. To find out the outcome of treatment. Result: 69.92%were pulmonary tuberculosis and 30.07% was Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and sputum conversion rate of Pulmonary TB cases at the end of IP in new sputum smear positive cases was 96.66% but at the end of 5 month it was 100%. In retreatment cases Sputum Conversion rate at the end of IP was 89.28% and at the end of 5 month 92.85%.and overall treatment success rate were 90.97%.
Conclusion: At the end of treatment as per DOTS schedules sputum smear examination is mandatory to know the exact treatment cure rate.
Key words: Pulmonary, Extra-Pulmonary, Sputum Conversion, cured, Treatment completed, Defaulter etc.
CLINICAL PROFILE OF CHILDREN PRESENTING WITH SEIZURE
Authors: Aiyaloo Diwakar , M Banumathi C. 
Published: March 2020

Seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain which causes changes in behavior, movements or feelings, and in the levels of consciousness. Suffering from more seizures or tendency to have recurrent seizures that may lead to epilepsy. This study is to describe the clinical profile of children presenting with seizure including common causes of seizure and classify the seizure types.
Methods: Hospital-based, analytic and descriptive study. This study includes all children in the age group 6 months to 12 years who presented in the department of paediatrics with seizure. Demographic analysis and analysis of different seizure types, analysis of patient based on the cause of seizure as well as outcome of patient presented with seizure in relation to demographic, fever diagnosis and status epilepticus.
Results: The total numbers of patients with seizure under study are 100 in which 61 were males and 39 were females. The most common clinical seizure type was generalized tonic- clonic (56.00%).
Conclusions: Seizures are one of the common causes of hospitalization. It can be inferred from this study that CNS infections are the most common cause of acute symptomatic seizure. The improvement in health care facilities like sanitation and immunization is warranted to prevent it.
Keywords: Generalized tonic-clonic seizures, Neurocysticercosis, Encephalitis, Tubercular meningitis
COMPLICATIONS IN DENGUE LIKE ILLNESSES
Authors: Anand Thakur Vikrant 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Background: Dengue is the most important arthropod-borne viral infection of humans.
Methods: The hospital based study was conducted on patients presenting to paediatric hospital, who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results: According to complications, in dengue positive cases, bleeding was the most common complication seen in 47.00% cases while shock, myocarditis, and convulsion were present in 33.00%, 4.00% and 1.00% of cases respectively. Among the dengue negative cases, 58.00% had no complication while shock and bleeding were present in 29% and 13.00% cases respectively.
Conclusion: It concluded that shock was most common complication.
Keywords: Hematocrit, Dengue, Dengue like Illness
COMPARISON OF TRAMADOL AND OXACEPROL IN PATIENTS WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors: R. Amarjeeth 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, degenerative disease of unknown origin which is characterised by gradual loss of articular cartilage. It is the most prevalent disease with a worldwide distribution. Earlier, osteoarthritis was seen as an inevitably progressive, degenerative disease process. Now it has been suggested that it is a dynamic process that may progress episodically. It is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterised by an adaptive response of synovial joints to a variety of genetic, environmental, aging and biomechanical stresses. NSAIDs intake increases the risk of gastritis and does not a have direct impact on the underlying pathogenesis of articular diseases. Tramadol augments serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission, although it’s main active metabolite, O-desmethyltramadol. Oxaceprol is an atypical inhibitor of inflammation, used as a drug for joint disease without less side-effects with better safety profile than non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Material and Methods: Participants were randomized in two study groups of 50 patients each sing computer generated random number list. Each group was given either oxaceprol 200 mg capsule or tramadol 50 mg capsule, thrice daily after food, for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy variable for this study was symptom relief stiffness, and physical function, measured on 100 mm Visual analogue scale (VAS) scale. Rescue medication used during the study period was also recorded. Complete blood count, blood glucose, liver function tests, and serum creatinine was recorded at the start of the study and. Vital signs were recorded at each visit and adverse events were reported.
Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study of which 50 each were placed in tramadol group and oxaceprol group. No statistically significant difference was noted in both the group about baseline parameters about sex, age and blood pressure. Blood sugar was higher in Oxaceprol group as compared to tramadol group (P =0.0042) which was statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was observed between groups for WOMAC scores. Significant reduction in pain, stiffness and physical function was observed between oxaceprol and tramadol group at baseline and after 6 months follow-up. None of the adverse events were severe in nature in both the group commonest were dizziness and nausea.
Conclusion: Oxaceprol efficacy and tolerability was comparable with tramadol and the drug can be considered as an alternative to low-potency opioids in the management of knee osteoarthritis. Further studies are required to confirm the clinical utility of oxaceprol in osteoarthritis.
Keywords: OA, tramadol, oxaceprol, NSAID, WOMAC
RELIABILITY OF WIDE CANAL SIGN N DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN DEGENERATIVE FROM ISTHAMIC SPONDYLOLYSTHESIS
Authors: Kalode Ravindra R , Nawasthale Swapnil 
Published: March 2020

To determine whether a visually apparent increase in the antero-posterior diameter of the spinal canal can be used reliably to differentiate degenerative from isthamic spondylolisthesis on midline sagittal MR images. It is hypothesized that the wide canal sign would be present only in isthmic spondylolisthesis, where the vertebral ring is disrupted by defects in the pars interarticularis and absent in degenerative spondylolysthesis where there is no such defect.
ELEVATED PLASMA LEVELS OF TNF-ALPHA, INF-GAMMA, IL-10 AND TGF-BETA IN MALARIA PATIENTS FROM TWO MALARIA NON-ENDEMIC REGIONS IN KARNATAKA, INDIA
Authors: G Mukthayakka , Sajjan Annapurna G , Kashid  Ragini Ananth , Shannawaz Mohd , HS Thejaswini  , S Vanitha 
Published: March 2020

Purpose: In India, Plasmodium vivax malaria is endemic and accounts for 50-55% of the total malaria burden in the country. There has been limited sero-epidemiological data available from malaria non-endemic regions in Karnataka state. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the plasma levels of Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interferon- γ (IFN-γ), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), and Transforming growth factor- β (TGF-β) and correlate with malaria parasitaemia and infection type in vivax and falciparum malaria cases reported from two study centres.
Methods: This hospital-based cross sectional observational study was conducted at BLDEU SHRI B.M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre Vijayapur, Karnataka and BGS Global Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka during 2016 to 2019. A total number of 45 microscopy positive and molecularly confirmed malaria cases were included in the study. Plasma samples were analyzed for the concentrations of four cytokines by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 20 uninfected healthy volunteers were used as controls. Correlation of cytokines and parasitemia was done using Pearson correlation analysis.
Results: The results show an overall significant elevation of plasma TNF-α (p<0.05), IFN-γ (p<0.005), IL-10 (p<0.001), and TGF-β (p<0.001) in malaria patients compared to healthy controls. Except TNF-α (p<0.001), there was no significant difference in infection type specific immune responses. No significant correlation was seen among all the four cytokines with parasite load. A Receiver operating curve (ROC) was generated and showed that TNF-α, IL-10, and IFN-γ were the best individual predictors of malaria.
Conclusions: We conclude that significantly elevated plasma concentrations of TNF-α-, IL-10, IFN-γ and TGF-β in both P. vivax and P. falciparum cases suggest their active involvement in mounting defensive immune response against malaria infection.
Keywords: Malaria, Plasmodium vivax malaria, TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-10, TGF-β, Karnataka
A STUDY ON ASSOCIATION 0F TOOTH LOSS & PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM DIABETES FROM BIHAR REGION
Authors: Manish Kumar , Raman Nikita , Gautam Abhishek , Jain Samir , Jha Prakash Chandra , Kumar Amar 
Published: March 2020

Diabetes is one of the common diseases of modern times and one of the most common systemic disorder that is connected to periodontal disease. Periodontal diseases are bacterially induced chronic inflammatory diseases affecting the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. The lesion begins as gingivitis, an inflammation of the gingival tissues only, and may progress to periodontitis, where destruction of connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone can eventually lead to tooth loss. Hence based on above reported findings the present study was planned for study of prevalence of tooth Loss in Patients Suffering from Diabetes from Bihar Region.
The present study was planned in Department of Dentistry, Anugrah Narayan Magadh Medical College and Hospital, Gaya, Bihar. Total 100 cases were enrolled in the present study. In the enrolled patients 50 cases were Diabetic and 50 were non-diabetic cases.
The data generated from the present study concludes that periodontal disease increases in diabetes group than in control group. Thus, a diabetic patient should always see that he/she maintains his/her oral hygiene by following proper tooth brushing habits. Diabetics should take care to see that they get their teeth restored as early as possible, if decayed. They should follow the instructions given by the physician or the dietician for the intake of non-cariogenic diet. The prevention of periodontal breakdown in diabetic patients is mostly based on the education of the individual. Thus, patients should be informed about the importance of oral health for diabetics, and they should be taught that the main symptom of periodontal disease is gingival bleeding.
Keywords: Tooth Loss, Diabetes, periodontal disease, bihar, etc
HYPERTENSION CONTROL AND DEPRESSION A STUDY IN SSPM MEDICAL COLLEGE & LIFETIME HOSPITAL PADAVE SINDHUDURG
Authors: Gatagat Sheetal Ratankumar 
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Hypertension is a major public health issue worldwide, affecting millions of patients. Although control rates have improved during the past few years, the actual rate is still unacceptably low, and control rates in more vulnerable populations, like people living with diabetes mellitus, are even lower. Optimal BP control could prevent a high percentage of coronary heart disease events, and early BP control significantly reduces the risk of stroke and cardiovascular events Depression is usually not detected at primary levels, and patients do not typically receive adequate treatment, which may not only affect their quality of life, but may also interfere with the treatment and prognosis of other chronic diseases such as ischemic heart disease and stroke.
Material and Methods: 46 hypertensive patients undergoing antihypertensive therapy for longer than six months were included in the study. After a 5 min of rest period, measurement of BP was recorded in triplicate at 3 min intervals between measurements. Adherence to antihypertensive therapy was monitored. All patients completed the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale survey; depression was diagnosed if the patient scored >50 points (the maximum possible score using this scale was 80). The Zung Self-rating Depression Scale is said to be a sensitive measure of clinical severity in depressed patients.
Results: Out of 46 patients there were 22 (47.8%) female and 24(52.2%) male. Patients who were depressed were 20 (43.5%) of which 8(40%) were male and 12 (60%) were female. Of the total 20 depressed patients 1 male having controlled hypertension while 19 (80%) were in the group of uncontrolled diabetes. In controlled hypertension group only 1 mild depression patient was observed while in uncontrolled group of the 19 patients 10 (50%) were having mild, 8 (40%) were having moderate and 1 (20%) were having severe depression according the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale. Mean blood pressure in depressed controlled BP group was 128/73 mmHg while in depressed uncontrolled group was 149/90 mmHg. Mean blood pressure in normal controlled BP group was 121/75mmHg while in depressed uncontrolled group was 146/95 mmHg. There was a significant correlation observed between depression and systolic and diastolic blood pressure value (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Depression is common in patients having uncontrolled hypertension and screening of depression in hypertensive patients is simple and effective tool to control the hypertension.
Keywords: Hypertension, Depression, controlled, uncontrolled.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CLONIDINE VERSUS NALBUPHINE AS INTRATHECAL ADJUVANTS TO 0.5% HYPERBARIC BUPIVACAINE DURING LOWER ABDOMINAL SURGERIES – A RANDOMIZED DOUBLE BLIND INTERVENTIONAL STUDY.
Authors: Jain Trishala , . Jaipal 
Published: March 2020

Background: Regional anesthesia techniques for gynecological procedures are on increasing trends due to their advantage of postoperative analgesia owing to intrathecal adjuvants. The present study was aimed to comparatively evaluate the clinical efficacy of clonidine with nalbuphine when co-administered intrathecally with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine for Lower abdominal surgeries in Gynecology.
Methods: With institutional ethics committee clearance No. 193MC/EC/2018, randomized, double blind study was conducted. After obtaining informed written consent total of 84 patients scheduled for lower abdominal surgeries were randomly allocated into two groups:
Group A (n=42) - Inj. 3.5 ml Bupivacaine 0.5% + 0.2 ml Clonidine(30µg) intrathecally.
Group B (n=42) - Inj.3.5 ml Bupivacaine 0.5%+0.2 ml Nalbuphine(2mg) intrathecally.
The characteristics of sensory and motor block, hemodynamic data, side effects were recorded.
Results: The onset of sensory block was earlier in Group B than Group A (3.08±0.52 min vs 4.00±0.54 min, p<0.001 ). The onset of motor block was also earlier in Group B than Group A (7.78±0.80 min vs 8.80±0.95min, p<0.001). The time to first rescue analgesia in patients receiving intrathecal clonidine was significantly delayed than patients receiving intrathecal nalbuphine (284.95 ± 12.93 min vs 211.52 ± 15.92 min, p<0.001). Introperative hemodynamic changes were comparable and none of the patient suffered from respiratory depression except very little cases of shivering which are not significant.
Conclusions: Intrathecal clonidine as adjuvant to bupivacaine provided was clinically more effective than nalbuphine for prolonging the duration of analgesia for gynecological procedures.
Keywords: Bupivacaine, Clonidine, Lower abdominal surgeries in gynecology, Nalbuphine, Subarachnoid block.