bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing retrospective gridded daily weather data for agro‐hydrological applications in Oklahoma
Authors: Dhakal Kundan , Kakani Vijaya Gopal , Ochsner Tyson E. , Sharma Sonisa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractRegional, automated meteorological networks, such as the Oklahoma Mesonet can potentially provide high quality forcing data for generating gridded surfaces, but proven methods of interpolating weather variables between the station locations are needed. We compared two interpolation methods, ordinary kriging (OK) and empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK), with and without using long‐term climate imprints (CI), for creating spatially continuous, daily weather datasets. Daily meteorological variables (maximum and minimum temperature, solar radiation, and precipitation) from the Oklahoma Mesonet for the period 1997–2014 were interpolated using geoprocessing tools in ArcGIS. Cross‐validation was used for evaluation of interpolation methods, with 90% of sites chosen randomly for the training set and the remaining 10% left for validation. For all interpolation approaches, cross‐validation showed coefficient of determination (R2) values of .99 and .98 for daily maximum and minimum air temperatures, with mean absolute error (MAE) ranging from ±0.45–0.50 °C for maximum temperature and ±0.77–0.80 °C for minimum temperature. Likewise, for daily solar radiation,R2values of .94 and .93 showed overall good prediction accuracy with MAE values 1.00 and 1.01 MJ m–2 d–1for EBK and OK, respectively. However, for rainfall, all methods yieldedR2values ≤.67, suggesting a need for more effective interpolation method. Based on its lower computational time and lower input data requirement, OK appears preferable to the other approaches tested here to provide the daily weather data for gridded models in Oklahoma and other regions with similar monitoring networks.
Interseeding cover crops in corn: Establishment, biomass, and competitiveness in on‐farm trials
Authors: Brooker Aaron P. , Renner Karen A. , Basso Bruno 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBroadcast interseeding cover crops in corn (Zea mays L.) from the V2–V7 corn growth stages provides farmers the opportunity to establish cover crops over large areas quickly compared with drill interseeders. The objectives of this research were to evaluate broadcast interseeded cover crop establishment and biomass production as well as cover crop effect on corn grain yield in farmer's fields in Michigan. In 2017 and 2018, annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) were broadcast interseeded at the V3 and V6 corn growth stages in nine farm fields. Cover crop density was measured 30 d after interseeding; cover crop density and biomass were measured in October prior to grain corn harvest. Cover crop density varied across site‐years; annual ryegrass usually had the highest density. Fall biomass production of oilseed radish was usually equal to or greater than annual ryegrass and crimson clover biomass. Rainfall during the interseeding period improved cover crop emergence. Cover crop density and biomass were higher in sites that were tilled prior to corn planting compared with no‐till, likely due to better seed to soil contact. Grain yield did not differ in the cover crop vs. no cover crop control treatments. Successfully establishing cover crops by broadcast interseeding in corn is dependent on specific location conditions; conventional tillage and rainfall improved establishment and biomass production.
Genetic diversity of sugar beet under heat stress and deficit irrigation
Authors: Abou‐Elwafa Salah F. , Amin Abu El‐Eyuoon A. , Eujayl Imad 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn the light of climate changes and global warming, as well as the rapid expansion in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivation in Egypt, the development of sugar beet varieties with improved tolerance to high temperature and deficit irrigation is of great importance. The objective of this study was to evaluate sugar beet genotypes under high temperatures and deficit irrigation conditions for further identification and selection of heat and drought tolerant genotypes. In the current study, a panel of 18 sugar beet breeding lines produced at the USDA–ARS–NWISRL, Kimberly, ID, and the commercial sugar beet cultivar Kawimera were evaluated for yield and quality under high temperature. Six promising lines in terms of yield and quality were further evaluated under both high temperature and deficit irrigation for two growing seasons.All lines performed differently under deficit irrigation, indicating a high degree of genetic variability in the evaluated lines. Additionally, yield traits showed negative effect due to deficit irrigation. A significant positive correlation was observed between stress tolerance index (STI), and average root and sugar yields under stressed and non‐stressed conditions. A linear relationship between STI and average root and sugar yields indicates that STI is a reliable stress index to select high yielding genotypes under both optimum‐ and deficit‐irrigation conditions. USKPS25 and USC944‐6‐68 breeding lines are most likely adapted to deficit irrigation and high temperature and suitable to be utilized in the proposed sugar beet breeding programs in Egypt.
Improvement of smallholder farming systems in Africa
Authors: Wortmann Charles , Amede Tilahun , Bekunda Mateete , Ndung'u‐Magiroi Keziah , Masikati Patricia , Snapp Sieglinde , Stewart Zachary P. , Westgate Mark , Zida Zacarie , Kome Charles E. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis forum paper provides a synthesis and discussion of 14 categories of lessons learned from experiences for achieving farm‐level impact with smallholder farmers in Africa. These lessons were reported in a symposium hosted by the Agronomy in Africa community of the American Society of Agronomy. The lessons, listed in order of frequency of reporting, were the need to: have adequate infrastructure and services; enable spontaneous adoption; have multi‐disciplinary and institutional collaboration; build on previous adoption of good agronomic practices (GAP); have farmer participation in research; encourage and learn from smallholder adaptations; make GAP promotion demand‐driven; allow GAP choices; address challenges and trade‐offs to GAP adoption; enable GAP‐by‐GAP adoption; reconcile conflicting messages; offer adequate profit potential with acceptable risk; reduce labor needs, especially for women; and build capacity for farming system improvement along the chain from farmer to research. The lessons are discussed and conclusions are reported.
Predicting chemical reaction equilibria in molten carbonate fuel cells via molecular simulations
Authors: Young Jeffrey M. , Mondal Anirban , Barckholtz Timothy A. , Kiss Gabor , Koziol Lucas , Panagiotopoulos Athanassios Z. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIt has been recently suggested that hydroxide ions can be formed in the electrolyte of molten carbonate fuel cells when water vapor is present. The hydroxide can replace carbonate in transporting electrons across the electrolyte, thereby reducing the CO2 separation efficiency of the fuel cell although still producing electricity. In this work, we obtain the equilibrium concentration of hydroxide in five molten alkali carbonate salts from molecular simulations. The results reveal that there can be a substantial amount of hydroxide in the electrolyte at low partial pressures of CO2. In addition, we find that the equilibrium concentration of molecular water dissolved in the electrolyte is over two orders of magnitude higher than that of CO2. Increasing the size and polarizability (or in other words reducing the “hardness”) of the cations present in the electrolyte can reduce the hydroxide fraction, but at the cost of lowering ionic conductivity.
Heart rate variability in older workers during work under the Threshold Limit Values for heat exposure
Authors: Kaltsatou Antonia , Flouris Andreas D. , Herry Christophe L. , Notley Sean R. , Macartney Michael J. , Seely Andrew J. E. , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe Threshold Limit Values (TLV) of the American Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygienists indicate the levels of heat stress that all workers may be repeatedly exposed to without adverse health effects. In this study, we evaluated heart rate variability (HRV) during moderate‐to‐heavy work performed continuously or according to different TLV work‐rest (WR) allocations in healthy physically active older workers.MethodsNine healthy older (58 ± 5 years) males performed three different 120‐minute conditions in accordance with TLV guidelines for moderate‐to‐heavy intensity work (360 W fixed rate of heat production) in different wet‐bulb globe temperatures (WBGT): continuous cycling at 28°C WBGT (CON), as well as intermitted work performed at WR of 3:1 in 29°C WBGT (WR3:1), and at WR of 1:1 at 30°C (WR1:1). Rectal temperature and HRV (3‐lead electrocardiogram [ECG]) were assessed throughout.ResultsCoefficient of Variation, Poincaré SD2, and Shannon Entropy were decreased during the CON compared with the WR3:1 when core temperature exceeded 38°C and after 1 hour of continuous work (P < .05). Also, 4 of the 12 HRV indices studied were reduced at CON compared with WR1:1 after 2 hours of accumulated work time (P < .05). Participants worked longer before core temperature reached 38°C during the WR1:1 and the WR3:1, compared with CON (P < .05).ConclusionsIncorporating breaks during moderate‐to‐heavy work in the heat for older adults can reduce autonomic stress and prolong the work performed at safe core temperature levels. The TLV WR1:1 provides increased cardiac protection for older workers, as compared with the CON and the WR3:1.
Prescription opioid use and associated factors among US construction workers
Authors: Dong Xiuwen S. , Brooks Raina D. , Cain Chris T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundConstruction workers are among the segments of the US population that were hit hardest by the opioid prescription and overdose deaths in the past decades. Factors that underlie opioid use in construction workers have been compartmentalized and isolated in existing studies of opioid use and opioid overdose, but they ignore the overall context of their use. This study examines prescription opioid use and its association with a variety of occupational and nonoccupational factors in construction workers in the United States.MethodsData from the 2011‐2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (n = 7994) were analyzed. The prevalence of prescribed opioid use and the association with occupational and nonoccupational characteristics among construction workers were examined in four multiple logistic regression models.ResultsThe odds of prescription opioid use for workers with occupational injuries was more than triple that of their noninjured counterparts when demographics and occupational factors were controlled (odds ratio = 3.38, 95% confidence interval: 2.38‐4.81). Odds of prescription opioid use were higher in older construction workers, workers who were white, non‐Hispanic, working part‐time, and in poorer health, while Hispanic workers and those without health insurance were much less likely to report prescription opioid use.ConclusionsPrescription opioid use among construction workers encompasses both occupational and nonoccupational factors. As an insight into opioid use among construction workers becomes clearer, effectively responding to the opioid crisis remains a challenge.
Ocular measurements in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Authors: Gomez Diego A. , May Philip A. , Tabachnick Barbara G. , Hasken Julie M. , Lyden Elizabeth R. , Kalberg Wendy O. , Hoyme H. Eugene , Manning Melanie A. , Adam Margaret P. , Robinson Luther K. , Jones Kenneth Lyons , Buckley David , Abdul‐Rahman Omar A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) describe a range of physical, behavioral, and neurologic deficits in individuals exposed to alcohol prenatally. Reduced palpebral fissure length is one of the cardinal facial features of FASD. However, other ocular measurements have not been studied extensively in FASD. Using the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Epidemiologic Research (FASER) database, we investigated how inner canthal distance (ICD), interpupillary distance (IPD), and outer canthal distance (OCD) centiles differed between FASD and non‐FASD individuals. We compared ocular measurement centiles in children with FASD to non‐FASD individuals and observed reductions in all three centiles for ICD, IPD, and OCD. However, when our non‐FASD children who had various forms of growth deficiency (microcephaly, short‐stature, or underweight) were compared to controls, we did not observe a similar reduction in ocular measurements. This suggests that reductions in ocular measurements are a direct effect of alcohol on ocular development independent of its effect on growth parameters, which is consistent with animal models showing a negative effect of alcohol on developing neural crest cells. Interpupillary distance centile appeared to be the most significantly reduced ocular measure we evaluated, suggesting it may be a useful measure to be considered in the diagnosis of FASD.
Freestanding Millimeter‐Scale Porphyrin‐Based Monoatomic Layers with 0.28 nm Thickness for CO2 Electrocatalysis
Authors: Yang Deren , Zuo Shouwei , Yang Haozhou , Zhou Yue , Wang Xun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDeveloping two‐dimensional (2D) and single atomic layered materials is a fascinating challenge. Here we successfully synthesize porphyrin‐based monoatomic layer (PML), a freestanding 2D porphyrin‐based material of monomer‐unit thickness (2.8 Å). The solvothermal method provides a bottom‐up approach for tailoring the monoatomic layer from the nanoscale to the milliscale. PMLs containing accurately tailorable M‐N4 units (M=Cu and Au) were synthesized, which present metal center‐dependent performance for CO2 electrocatalysis. PML with Cu‐N4 centers performs high faradaic efficiencies of HCOO− and CH4 (80.86 % and 11.51 % at −0.7 V, respectively) while PML with Au‐N4 centers generates HCOO− and CO as major products (40.90 % and 34.40 % at −0.8 V, respectively). Irreversible restructuring behavior of Cu sites is also observed. Based on the graphene‐like properties and metal center‐selectivity relationships, we believe that PML will play a distinct role in various applications.
Stereoinduktion in der Metallaphotoredoxkatalyse
Authors: Lipp Alexander , Badir Shorouk O. , Molander Gary A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractDie Metallaphotoredoxkatalyse hat sich zu einer leistungsfähigen Plattform entwickelt, welche den Aufbau C(sp3)‐hybridisierter Zentren unter bemerkenswert milden Reaktionsbedingungen ermöglicht. Die Erschließung vielfältiger und einfach zugänglicher Radikalvorläufer hat die Anwendungsbreite übergangsmetallkatalysierter Kreuzkupplungen erheblich erweitert, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Knüpfung von C(sp2)‐C(sp3)‐Bindungen. In den letzten Jahren wurden erhebliche Anstrengungen unternommen, um den Ursprung der Stereoinduktion in der zugrunde liegenden dualen Katalyse zu verstehen. Besonders Ni‐ und Cu‐katalysierte Transformationen haben in diesem Zusammenhang eine bedeutende Rolle gespielt. Dieser Kurzaufsatz beschreibt aktuelle Entwicklungen im Bereich der photochemischen Ni‐ sowie Cu‐katalysierten enantioselektiven Bindungsbildungen. Darüber hinaus werden ausgewählte stereochemische Kontrollelemente zur Realisierung diastereoselektiver Transformationen diskutiert.
Stereoinduction in Metallaphotoredox Catalysis
Authors: Lipp Alexander , Badir Shorouk O. , Molander Gary A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMetallaphotoredox catalysis has evolved into an enabling platform to construct C(sp3)‐hybridized centers under remarkably mild reaction conditions. The cultivation of abundant radical precursor feedstocks has significantly increased the scope of transition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐couplings, especially with respect to C(sp2)–C(sp3) linkages. In recent years, considerable effort has been devoted to understanding the origin of stereoinduction in dual catalytic processes. In this context, Ni‐ and Cu‐catalyzed transformations have played a predominant role exploiting this mode of catalysis. Herein, we provide a critical overview on recent progress in enantioselective bond formations enabled by Ni‐ and Cu‐catalyzed manifolds. Furthermore, selected stereochemical control elements within the realm of diastereoselective transformations are discussed.
Nonparametric screening and feature selection for ultrahigh‐dimensional Case II interval‐censored failure time data
Authors: Hu Qiang , Zhu Liang , Liu Yanyan , Sun Jianguo , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Robison Leslie L. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFor the analysis of ultrahigh‐dimensional data, the first step is often to perform screening and feature selection to effectively reduce the dimensionality while retaining all the active or relevant variables with high probability. For this, many methods have been developed under various frameworks but most of them only apply to complete data. In this paper, we consider an incomplete data situation, case II interval‐censored failure time data, for which there seems to be no screening procedure. Basing on the idea of cumulative residual, a model‐free or nonparametric method is developed and shown to have the sure independent screening property. In particular, the approach is shown to tend to rank the active variables above the inactive ones in terms of their association with the failure time of interest. A simulation study is conducted to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method and, in particular, indicates that it works well with general survival models and is capable of capturing the nonlinear covariates with interactions. Also the approach is applied to a childhood cancer survivor study that motivated this investigation.
Study and Evaluation of the Potential of Lipid Nanocarriers for Transdermal Delivery of siRNA
Authors: Lee Kyungwoo , Min Daejin , Choi Yonghyun , Kim Jiwon , Yoon Semi , Jang Jaehee , Park Soomin , Tanaka Masayoshi , Cho Yong Woo , Koo Hyung‐Jun , Jeon Hojeong , Choi Jonghoon 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe topical delivery of siRNA‐based therapies has opened new avenues for the treatment of skin disorders. The use of siRNA as a therapeutic, however, is limited due to its rapid degradation and poor cellular uptake. Furthermore, the top layer of skin, the stratum corneum, is a major barrier to the delivery of topical agents. There is an unmet need for efficient topical formulations for delivering siRNA to the site of action. In this study, 1,2‐dioleoyl‐3‐trimethylammonium‐propane (DOTAP) or lipofectamine is used to prepare a nanocarrier for delivering siRNA against glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH); GAPDH expression is then evaluated at the cellular level. In addition, a dermal transport assay is designed and implemented to evaluate the penetration and delivery efficacy of siRNA in pig skin using lipid nanocarriers. The delivery of siRNA with the use of a lipid nanocarrier is significantly better than the delivery of siRNA without it. Thus, the findings identify lipid nanocarriers as excellent candidates for the transdermal delivery of siRNA for gene silencing in the skin and thus for applications in related preclinical models.
Biotin Functionalized Self‐Assembled Peptide Nanofiber as an Adjuvant for Immunomodulatory Response
Authors: Demircan Muhammed Burak , Tohumeken Sehmus , Gunduz Nuray , Khalily Mohammad Aref , Tekinay Turgay , Guler Mustafa O. , Tekinay Ayse B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBiotinylated peptide amphiphile (Biotin‐PA) nanofibers, are designed as a noncovalent binding location for antigens, which are adjuvants to enhance, accelerate, and prolong the immune response triggered by antigens. Presenting antigens on synthetic Biotin‐PA nanofibers generated a higher immune response than the free antigens delivered with a cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) (TLR9 agonist) adjuvant. Antigen attached Biotin‐PA nanofibers trigger splenocytes to produce high levels of cytokines (IFN‐γ, IL‐12, TNF‐α, and IL‐6) and to exhibit a superior cross‐presentation of the antigen. Both Biotin‐PA nanofibers and CpG ODN induce a Th‐1‐biased IgG subclass response; however, delivering the antigen with Biotin‐PA nanofibers induce significantly greater production of total IgG and subclasses of IgG compared to delivering the antigen with CpG ODN. Contrary to CpG ODN, Biotin‐PA nanofibers also enhance antigen‐specific splenocyte proliferation and increase the proportion of the antigen‐specific CD8(+) T cells. Given their biodegradability and biocompatibility, Biotin‐PA nanofibers have a significant potential in immunoengineering applications as a biomaterial for the delivery of a diverse set of antigens derived from intracellular pathogens, emerging viral diseases such as COVID‐19, or cancer cells to induce humoral and cellular immune responses against the antigens.
A robust soft sensor to monitor 1,3‐propanediol fermentation process by Clostridium butyricum based on artificial neural network
Authors: Zhang Ai‐Hui , Zhu Kai‐Yi , Zhuang Xiao‐Yan , Liao Lang‐Xing , Huang Shi‐Yang , Yao Chuan‐Yi , Fang Bai‐Shan 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith the aggravation of environmental pollution and energy crisis, the sustainable microbial fermentation process of converting glycerol to 1,3‐propanediol (1,3‐PDO) has become an attractive alternative. However, the difficulty in the online measurement of glycerol and 1,3‐PDO creates a barrier to the fermentation process and then leads to the residual glycerol and therefore, its wastage. Thus, in the present study, the four‐input artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed successfully to predict the concentration of glycerol, 1,3‐PDO, and biomass with high accuracy. Moreover, an ANN model combined with a kinetic model was also successfully developed to simulate the fed‐batch fermentation process accurately. Hence, a soft sensor from the ANN model based on NaOH‐related parameters has been successfully developed which cannot only be applied in software to solve the difficulty of glycerol and 1,3‐PDO online measurement during the industrialization process, but also offer insight and reference for similar fermentation processes.
High‐level β‐carotene production from xylose by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae without overexpression of a truncated HMG1 (tHMG1)
Authors: Sun Liang , Atkinson Christine A. , Lee Ye‐Gi , Jin Yong‐Su 
Published: July 2020

Abstractβ‐Carotene is a natural pigment and health‐promoting metabolite, and has been widely used in the nutraceutical, feed, and cosmetic industries. Here, we engineered a GRAS yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce β‐carotene from xylose, the second most abundant and inedible sugar component of lignocellulose biomass. Specifically, a β‐carotene biosynthetic pathway containing crtYB, crtI, and crtE from Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous was introduced into a xylose‐fermenting S. cerevisiae. The resulting strain produced β‐carotene from xylose at a titer threefold higher than from glucose. Interestingly, overexpression of tHMG1, which has been reported as a critical genetic perturbation to enhance metabolic fluxes in the mevalonate pathway and β‐carotene production in yeast when glucose is used, did not further improve the production of β‐carotene from xylose. Through fermentation profiling, metabolites analysis, and transcriptional studies, we found the advantages of using xylose as a carbon source, instead of glucose, for β‐carotene production to be a more respiratory feature of xylose consumption, a larger cytosolic acetyl‐CoA pool, and an upregulated expression level of rate‐limiting genes in the β‐carotene‐producing pathway, including ACS1 and HMG1. As a result, 772.8 mg/L of β‐carotene was obtained in a fed‐batch bioreactor culture with xylose feeding. Considering the inevitable large scale production of xylose when cellulosic biomass‐based bioeconomy is implemented, our results suggest xylose utilization is a promising strategy for overproduction of carotenoids and other isoprenoids in engineered S. cerevisiae.