bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triunfo y fracaso de ta alternativa revolucionaria en América Central: causas y consecuencias
Authors: Gruszczak Artur 
Published: December 2020

Abstract/short description:
The article relates the rise and fall of the revolutionary groups in Central America. Gruszczak states that behind the growth of revolutionary movements in the region, such as those in Guatemala, Salvador, Nicaragua and other Central American countries, were great abuses of civil and human rights. The author notes that the groups, which have been using revolutionary ways, or in other words armed struggle, to achieve their political goals, in 1990's changed their methods of action. Following democratization processes the left-wing militant groups have transformed themselves into political parties, working within the framework of democratic elections.
A Digitalisasi Dakwah
Authors: Fairozi Ahmad , Ayu Sulistya 
Published: December 2020

Abstrak
Artikel ini membahas tentang upaya meningkatkan daya saing Islam ramah pada masa pandemi. Adanya Covid-19 menuntut seluruh aktivitas dilakukan secara daring, termasuk dakwah. Tulisan ini hendak meneliti daya saing, kompetensi antara kedua dakwah “Islam ramah” dan “Islam marah” pada masa pandemi. Pendekatan deskriptif-analitis dalam teori competitive superiority dan efektivitas dakwah digunakan sebagai alat untuk menganalisis artikel ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis konten dakwah dalam situs (Nu.or.id, Panrita.id dan ppanwarulhuda.com) dan channel youtube (164 Chanel dan Tawaf TV), sebagai representasi Islam ramah. Sementara konten dakwah dalam situs (Hidayatullah.com, Eramuslim.com, dan Voa-islam.com) dan channel youtube (Hidayah.Indonesia dan SAP Chanel) sebagai representasi “Islam marah”. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa dakwah Islam ramah di era pandemi masih lemah sehingga perlu dilakukan optimalisasi. Tulisan ini merekomendasikan digitalisasi dakwah dengan lima langkah yang harus diupayakan; 1) sentralisasi media dakwah, 2) responsif untuk menjadi problem solving, 3) memberi penekanan (emphasize) pada isu penting, 4) framming and authoritative, 5) digital friendly.
Kata Kunci: Digitalisasi dakwah, Daya saing, Islam ramah, Covid-19

Abstract
This article discusses efforts to increase the competitiveness of cordial Islam during the pandemic. The existence of Covid-19 requires all activities to be carried by online, it is including da’wah. This paper intends to examine the competitiveness, the competence between two types of da’wah of “cordial Islam” and “Islamic harsh” during the pandemic. The descriptive-analytical approach in the theory of competitive superiority and the effectiveness of da'wah is used as a tool to analyze this article. This research was conducted by analyzing the da'wah content on websites (Nu.or.id, Panrita.id and ppanwarulhuda.com) and YouTube channels (164 Chanel and Tawaf TV), as representations of cordial Islam. Meanwhile, the da’wah content on the websites (Hidayatullah.com, Eramuslim.com, and Voa-islam.com) and the YouTube channel (Hidayah.Indonesia and SAP Chanel) as a representation of “Islamic harsh”. This paper concludes that cordial Islam da’wah in the pandemic era is still weak, so the optimization needs to be done. This paper recommends digitizing da'wah with five steps that must be pursued; 1) centralization of da’wah media, 2) responsive to be problem solving, 3) emphasizing on ​​crucial issues, 4) framing and authoritative, 5) digital friendly.
Keywords: Digitizing da'wah, Competitiveness, cordial Islam, Covid-19
Associação entre variáveis antropométricas e desempenho esportivo de atletas da seleção masculina de Pentatlo Militar do Exército Brasileiro: um estudo transversal
Authors: Santos Lúcio Luís dos , Mello Danielli Braga de , Sales Thiago Dias , Martins Daniel Tavares de Mattos , Mainenti Miriam Raquel Meira 
Published: December 2020

Introdução: O Pentatlo Militar (PMil) é uma modalidade ímpar por possuir características específicas da profissão militar. Identificar o perfil associado ao bom desempenho pode auxiliar na seleção de atletas e na identificação de variáveis importantes para acompanhar a eficácia do treinamento.
Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre variáveis antropométricas e desempenho esportivo em atletas de elite de PMil.
Métodos: Participaram da pesquisa cinco atletas da equipe de PMil masculina do Exército Brasileiro. Calculou-se os componentes da composição corporal: percentual de gordura (%G), massa gorda (MG) e massa livre de gordura (MLG). Foram considerados os melhores resultados de competições oficiais (2017) em análise de Clusters e teste de correlação de Spearman.
Resultados: Houve correlação muito forte positiva de MLG com o desempenho da prova de corrida através-campo (8km) (r=0,90,p=0,04). Não houve correlação significativa com as demais provas da modalidade (tiro, pista de natação utilitária, pista de pentatlo militar e lançamento de granada).
Conclusão: A correlação positiva e muito forte de MLG com o desempenho na prova de corrida indica a destacada relevância desse componente corporal para o desempenho dos pentatletas militares de alto rendimento.
Using Data Mining In Learning Management Systems Amidst Covid-19
Authors: Mobo Froilan D 
Published: December 2020

<p>The Second Semester of Academic Year 2019-2020 was temporarily suspended due to the widespread COVID-19 last March 16, 2020, forcing the President of the Republic of the Philippines, Hon. Rodrigo Roa Duterte imposed an Enhanced Community Quarantine in Luzon which is known as a lockdown closing all the border points of each town and provinces. One of the major problem encountered during the lockdown is the suspension of classes because as per IATF guidelines you need to stay home, the said Memorandum Order was posted in the official gazette, (Medialdea, 2020)</p><p>The dataset on the features of the Learning Management Systems using Moodle is that Professors will be the one who will set the topics, quizzes, and exercises for his class even the assessment methods on the system. To prevent from slowing down the network, the Team of Seaversity the developer of the learning management systems headed by C/E Ephrem Dela Cernan conducts a ZOOM Training to all Faculty to be familiarized more on the Learning Management Systems of the Philippine Merchant Marine Academy. </p><p>The Moodle Learning Management Systems is a user-friendly environment because of its features and users can easily adjust from the traditional face to face teaching going to e-Learning approach because of it’s all capabilities as a data mining methods such as statistics, association rule mining, pattern mining visualization, categorization, clustering, and text mining., (AlAjmi &amp; Shakir, 2013)</p>
The Blue Straggler Population of the Open Clusters Trumpler 5, Trumpler 20, and NGC 2477
Authors: Rain M. J. , Carraro G. , Ahumada J. A. , Villanova S. , Boffin H. , Monaco L. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
We present a study based on Gaia DR2 of the population of blue straggler stars in the open clusters Trumpler 5, Trumpler 20, and NGC 2477. All candidates were selected according to their position in the color–magnitude diagram, their proper motion components, and their parallax. We also looked for yellow stragglers, i.e., possible evolved blue stragglers. We found that Trumpler 5 hosts a large blue straggler star population, which allowed us to analyze their radial distribution as a probe of the cluster’s dynamical status. The blue straggler star distribution was compared with that of red giant branch stars to evaluate mass segregation. Our results indicate that blue straggler stars are not more centrally concentrated than red giant branch stars stars in any of the clusters. The radial distribution of blue straggler stars in Trumpler 5 is flat. Additionally, using a multi-epoch radial velocity survey conducted with the high-resolution spectrograph FLAMES/GIRAFFE at the Very Large Telescope, we measured the radial velocities of a sample of stragglers to compare with the mean radial velocity and velocity dispersion of the clusters. Based on the radial velocity variations for different epochs, we roughly classified these stars as possible close or long-period binaries.
ARMADA. I. Triple Companions Detected in B-type Binaries α Del and ν Gem
Authors: Gardner Tyler , Monnier John D. , Fekel Francis C. , Schaefer Gail , Johnson Keith J. C. , Le Bouquin Jean-Baptiste , Kraus Stefan , Anugu Narsireddy , Setterholm Benjamin R. , Labdon Aaron , Davies Claire L. , Lanthermann Cyprien , Ennis Jacob , Ireland Michael , Kratter Kaitlin M. , Ten Brummelaar Theo , Sturmann Judit , Sturmann Laszlo , Farrington Chris , Gies Douglas R. , Klement Robert , Adams Fred C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Ground-based optical long-baseline interferometry has the power to measure the orbits of close binary systems at ∼10 μas precision. This precision makes it possible to detect “wobbles” in the binary motion due to the gravitational pull from additional short-period companions. We started the ARrangement for Micro-Arcsecond Differential Astrometry (ARMADA) survey with the Michigan Infra-Red Combiner (MIRC)/MIRC-X instrument at the Center for High Angular Resoloution Astronomy (CHARA) array for the purpose of detecting giant planets and stellar companions orbiting individual stars in binary systems. We describe our observations for the survey, and introduce the wavelength calibration scheme that delivers precision at the tens of microarcseconds level for <02 binaries. We test our instrument performance on a known triple system, κ Peg, and show that our survey is delivering a factor of 10 better precision than previous similar surveys. We present astrometric detections of tertiary components to two B-type binaries: a 30 day companion to α Del, and a 50 day companion to ν Gem. We also collected radial velocity data for α Del with the Tennessee State University Automated Spectroscopic Telescope at Fairborn Observatory. We are able to measure the orbits and masses of all three components in these systems. We find that the previously published radial velocity orbit for the inner pair of ν Gem is not consistent with our visual orbit. The precision achieved for these orbits suggests that our ARMADA survey will be successful at discovering new compact triple systems to A/B-type binary systems, leading to better statistics of hierarchical system architectures and formation history.
Role of the Fan Beam Model in Population Synthesis of Isolated Radio Pulsars
Authors: Huang W. J. , Wang H. G. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
On the basis of the P
sr
P
op
P
y software package, we developed an evolution model of population synthesis for isolated radio pulsars by incorporating the fan beam model, an alternative radio emission beam model to the widely used conal beam model. With proper choice of related models and parameters, we successfully reproduced the observational distributions of Galactic longitude (l) and latitude (b), spin period, period derivative, dispersion measure and 1.4 GHz flux density for the 1214 isolated pulsars discovered by the Parkes multibeam and Swinburne pulsar surveys. The size of the underlying population of radio-loud pulsars is found to be 2.27 × 106, which is larger than the underlying population of radio-loud pulsars simulated with the conal beam model. The model is used to estimate the number of isolated radio pulsars detected by the Galactic-plane pulsar survey with Five hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST). Approximately 2700 and 240 new isolated pulsars are expected to be discovered in the inner galactic plane (20° < l < 90°, ∣b∣ < 10°) and the outer galactic plane (150° < l < 210°, ∣b∣ < 10°), respectively. These numbers are smaller than those estimated by the evolution models with conal beams and the snapshot models.
Coherent Events at Ion Scales in the Inner Heliosphere: Parker Solar Probe Observations during the First Encounter
Authors: Perrone Denise , Bruno Roberto , D’Amicis Raffaella , Telloni Daniele , Marco Rossana De , Stangalini Marco , Perri Silvia , Pezzi Oreste , Alexandrova Olga , Bale Stuart D. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Parker Solar Probe mission has shown the ubiquitous presence of strong magnetic field deflections, namely switchbacks, during its first perihelion where it was embedded in a highly Alfvénic slow stream. Here, we study the turbulent magnetic fluctuations around ion scales in three intervals characterized by a different switchback activity, identified by the behavior of the magnetic field radial component, B

r
. Quiet (B

r
does not show significant fluctuations), weakly disturbed (B

r
has strong fluctuations but no reversals), and highly disturbed (B

r
has full reversals) periods also show different behavior for ion quantities. However, the spectral analysis shows that each stream is characterized by the typical Kolmogorov/Kraichnan power law in the inertial range, followed by a break around the characteristic ion scales. This frequency range is characterized by strong intermittent activity, with the presence of noncompressive coherent events, such as current sheets, vortex-like structures, and wave packets identified as ion cyclotron modes. Although all these events have been detected in the three periods, they have different influences in each of them. Current sheets are dominant in the highly disturbed period, wave packets are the most common in the quiet interval; while, in the weakly disturbed period, a mixture of vortices and wave packets is observed. This work provides an insight into the heating problem in collisionless plasmas, fitting in the context of the new solar missions, and, especially for Solar Orbiter, which will allow an accurate magnetic connectivity analysis to link the presence of different intermittent events to the source region.
A Model for Coronal Inflows and In/Out Pairs
Authors: Lynch Benjamin J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This report presents a three-dimensional (3D) numerical magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model of the white-light coronagraph observational phenomena known as coronal inflows and in/out pairs. Coronal inflows in the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph/C2 field of view (approximately

) were thought to arise from the dynamic and intermittent release of solar wind plasma associated with the helmet streamer belt as the counterpart to outward-propagating streamer blobs, formed by magnetic reconnection. This interpretation was essentially confirmed with the subsequent identification of in/out pairs and the multispacecraft observations of their 3D structure. The MHD simulation results show relatively narrow lanes of density depletion form high in the corona and propagate inward with sinuous motion that has been characterized as “tadpole-like” in coronagraph imagery. The height–time evolution and velocity profiles of the simulation inflows and in/out pairs are compared to their corresponding observations and a detailed analysis of the underlying magnetic field structure associated with the synthetic white-light and mass density evolution is presented. Understanding the physical origin of this structured component of the slow solar wind’s intrinsic variability could make a significant contribution to solar wind modeling and the interpretation of remote and in situ observations from Parker Solar Probe and Solar Orbiter.
A Herschel Mapping of
, and
Lines from the Circumnuclear Region of M31
Authors: Li Zongnan , Li Zhiyuan , Smith Matthew W. L. , Gao Yu 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The circumnuclear region of M31, consisting of multiphase interstellar media, provides a close-up view of the interaction of the central supermassive black hole and surrounding materials. Far-infrared (FIR) fine-structure lines and their flux ratios can be used as diagnostics of physical properties of the neutral gas in this region. Here we present the first FIR spectroscopic mapping of the circumnuclear region of M31 in [C ii] 158 μm, [O i] 63 μm, and [O iii] 88 μm lines with the Herschel Space Observatory, covering an ∼500 × 500 pc (2′ × 2′) field. Significant emissions of all three lines are detected along the so-called nuclear spiral across the central kiloparsec of M31. The velocity field under a spatial resolution of ∼50 pc of the three lines are broadly consistent and also consistent with previous CO(3–2) line observations in the central region. Combined with existing [C ii] and CO(3–2) observations of five other fields targeting the disk, we derived the radial distribution of [C ii]/CO(3–2) flux ratio, and found that this ratio is higher in the center than in the disk, indicating a low gas density and strong radiation field in the central region. We also found that the [C ii]/FIR ratio in the central region is 5.4 (±0.8) × 10−3, which exhibits an increasing trend with the galactocentric radius, suggesting an increasing contribution from the old stellar population to dust heating toward the center.
Noninteracting Black Hole Binaries with Gaia and LAMOST
Authors: Wiktorowicz Grzegorz , Lu Youjun , Wyrzykowski Łukasz , Zhang Haotong , Liu Jifeng , Justham Stephen , Belczynski Krzysztof 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Until recently, black holes (BHs) could be discovered only through accretion from other stars in X-ray binaries, or in merging double compact objects. Improvements in astrometric and spectroscopic measurements have made it possible to detect BHs also in noninteracting BH binaries (nBHBs) through a precise analysis of the companion’s motion. In this study, using an updated version of the StarTrack binary-star population modeling code and a detailed model of the Milky Way (MW) galaxy, we calculate the expected number of detections for Gaia and LAMOST surveys. We develop a formalism to convolve the binary population synthesis output with a realistic stellar density distribution, star formation history (SFH), and chemical evolution for the MW, which produces a probability distribution function of the predicted compact-binary population over the MW. This avoids the additional statistical uncertainty that is introduced by methods that Monte Carlo sample from binary population synthesis output to produce one potential specific realization of the MW compact-binary distribution, and our method is also comparatively fast to such Monte Carlo realizations. Specifically, we predict ∼41–340 nBHBs to be observed by Gaia, although the numbers may drop to ∼10–70 if the recent (≲100 Myr) star formation is low (∼1 M
⊙ yr−1). For LAMOST we predict ≲14 detectable nBHBs, which is lower partially because its field of view covers just ∼6% of the Galaxy.
L’égalité dans l’enseignement supérieur entre utopie et solutions concrètes
Authors: Bucheton Dominique , Ketele Jean-Marie De , Meirieu Philippe , Étienne Richard 
Published: December 2020

Les interventions de trois spécialistes de la pédagogie, de la pédagogie universitaire et de la didactique ont établi que d’autres mécanismes que ceux d’une distillation fractionnée sont possibles et efficaces dans l’enseignement supérieur. Les origines sociales et scolaires des étudiantes et étudiants leur imposent de s’acculturer aux exigences ainsi qu’aux coutumes du monde universitaire. Le rôle de l’écrit dans la réussite est essentiel à ce niveau et l’organisation de travaux d’écriture avec des outils et une méthode progressive constitue une innovation relative sur laquelle peuvent échanger les enseignants-chercheurs. L’enseignement supérieur ne tient pas ses promesses de réussite parce qu’il transforme systématiquement ses objectifs en préalable. Or, le dispositif pédagogique et didactique est au moins aussi important que le contenu de la formation. Faire évoluer le supérieur dans ce sens relève d’un défi politique qui ne s’intéresse pas qu’à une élite, aux seuls « vainqueurs », pour reprendre l’image de François Dubet.
Modelo diagramático psicológico para compreensão das relações entre indivíduo, sociedade, natureza e cultura
Authors: Ilario Enidio , Pereira Junior Alfredo , Bresciani Filho Ettore 
Published: December 2020

Com base em diagrama geométrico plano e espacial da geometria analítica cartesiana, como modo de representação de fenômenos no campo da linguagem e da psicologia, procura-se apresentar um modelo lógico e diagramático das relações entre Indivíduo-Sociedade e Natureza-Cultura. Trata-se uma formalização abstrata relativamente simplificada dos fenômenos de elevada complexidade e deve ser considerado inicialmente de forma mais metafórico do que literal. Entendendo a linguagem como um sistema de significados logicamente articulados em torno de categorias semânticas, postulamos que certas categorias abstratas e muito gerais, tais como as estruturas axiológicas elementares podem constituir universais semânticos delineadores do pensamento natural. Com tais pressupostos, a modelagem buscou incorporar a dimensão relacional através do eixo indivíduo-sociedade, incorporar a dimensão evolutiva biológica por meio do eixo natureza-cultura e também incorporar a dimensão temporal no eixo biográfico e das gerações. Em tal configuração tridimensional, uma topologia dos conceitos tornou-se possível por meio da própria lógica interna do modelo designado hiperdiagrama, que permite dinamicamente a composição de novos conceitos a partir da síntese de conceitos precedentes, prefigurando aquilo que pode constituir a própria dinâmica do pensamento no processamento da linguagem. Podemos conjecturar que, desta forma, regiões específicas nos quadrantes apresentam homologia entre o desenvolvimento da linguagem e aquilo que denominamos paradigmas existenciais, que estariam a representar o indivíduo em sua alteridade, ou seja, o seu relacionamento com a própria organização econômica, política e social, incluindo a religiosa, da sociedade humana.
Determinants of Malaria Protective Immunity in Mice Immunized with Live Sporozoites during Trimethoprim–Sulfamethoxazole Prophylaxis
Authors: Hobbs Charlotte V. , Sahu Tejram , Neal Jillian , Conteh Solomon , Voza Tatiana , Borkowsky William , Langhorne Jean , Duffy Patrick E. 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACTHIV and malaria geographically overlap. Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is a drug widely used in HIV-exposed uninfected and infected children in malaria-endemic areas, and is known to have antimalarial effects. Further study in terms of antimalarial impact and effect on development of malaria-specific immunity is therefore essential. Using rodent malaria models, we previously showed that repeated Plasmodium exposure during TMP-SMX administration, or chemoprophylaxis vaccination (CVac), induces CD8 T-cell–dependent preerythrocytic immunity. However, humoral immune responses have been shown to be important in models of preerythrocytic immunity. Herein, we demonstrate that antibody-mediated responses contribute to protective immunity induced by CVac immune sera using TMP-SMX in models of homologous, but not heterologous, parasite species. Clinical studies must account for potential anti-Plasmodium antibody induced during TMP-SMX prophylaxis.