bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of maternal glycemia and prepregnancy BMI with early childhood growth: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Yaqi , Chen Zhong , Cao Zhongqiang , Zhang Yiming , Yao Cong , Qiu Lin , Li Yuanyuan , Xu Shunqing , Zhou Aifen , Xia Wei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe prevalence of maternal and child overweight/obesity and gestational hyperglycemia has increased greatly in China in recent years. However, studies examining the relationship between maternal hyperglycemia, maternal prepregnancy body mass index (ppBMI), and offspring obesity in China are limited. Here, we conducted a prospective study of 6684 mother−child pairs in Wuhan, China in 2012–2015. Maternal glucose concentrations were measured at approximately 24–28 weeks of gestation; children's weight and length were measured at birth and at 6, 12, and 24 months of age; and BMI‐for‐age Z‐scores (BMIZ) were calculated for different time points. We found that maternal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentrations were positively associated with offspring ponderal index and the risk of macrosomia at birth, but not with BMIZ or the risk of overweight/obesity at 6, 12, and 24 months of age. By contrast, maternal ppBMI was positively associated with both an increased risk of macrosomia at birth and overweight/obesity at 6, 12, and 24 months of age. Here, we observed an interaction effect of the association of FPG and ppBMI on offspring macrosomia and a mediating effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on the pathway between ppBMI and macrosomia. Our findings suggest that maternal ppBMI is a more pronounced predictor than gestational FPG concentrations in both the relation to BMIZ and the risk of overweight/obesity in early childhood.
Progress in regulatory peptide research
Authors: Zhang Limei , Eiden Lee E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe field of regulatory peptide research has developed significant momentum owing to several recent converging trends. Dozens of peptide‐based drugs have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the past decade, the majority for the treatment of metabolic disorders, including diabetes. These are the “tip of the spear” for peptide therapeutics, revealing that impediments of delivery, stability, and bioavailability inherent in peptide drugs have in many cases been overcome. While most are orally available, and directed at peripheral targets, pharmaceutical delivery of peptides to the central nervous system through nasal mucosal routes has also seen much progress. Cell‐based high‐throughput drug discovery methods, the X‐ray crystallographic structural definition of G protein–coupled receptors, and deorphanization of peptide‐liganded receptors have contributed to the emergence of new targets for pharmacological intervention and accelerated the development of peptide‐based as well as nonpeptide congeners for existing ones. Finally, the recognition that peptides act at their receptors, in a cellular context, in conjunction with other peptides and other first messengers, including neurotransmitters, hormones, and autocrine and paracrine factors, has led to an increased appreciation for the combinatorial possibilities of regulatory peptide action, now penetrating to drug design and discovery efforts. The fifteen reviews, reports, and perspectives collected in this special issue of Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences provide a snapshot of the frontiers of the field of regulatory peptide research as they expand physiologically, pharmacologically, and therapeutically.
Characterization 3333 of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) accessions for resistance to phylotype I and phylotype II strains of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex under high temperatures
Authors: Kunwar Sanju , Hsu Yun‐Che , Lu Shu‐Fen , Wang Jaw‐Fen , Jones Jeffrey B. , Hutton Samuel , Paret Mathews , Hanson Peter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) causes substantial yield losses in the tropics and subtropics. Disease management options by chemicals are limited, and host resistance is the cheapest and easiest means of control. However, sources of bacterial wilt resistance in tomato are limited. The disease often coincides with higher temperatures in the tropics, and resistance sources that are more heat stable are particularly valuable for breeding of tropically adapted tomato cultivars. The objectives of this study were to identify tomato accessions that demonstrate relatively high bacterial wilt resistance under high temperatures and to identify accessions that may possess QTLs other than Bwr‐6 and Bwr‐12 (two major disease resistance QTLs against bacterial wilt), which could be exploited in future breeding. Sixty‐seven tomato entries reported as bacterial wilt resistant were evaluated in a greenhouse against one strain each of phylotype I (Pss4) and phylotype IIB (Pss1632) of the RSSC (average temperature ≥29°C). Of those, five and 19 were homozygous for Bwr‐6 and Bwr‐12, respectively, and six were homozygous for both QTLs. Bwr‐12 contributed to resistance against phylotype I strain but not against the phylotype II strain. Bwr‐6 contributed to resistance against both phylotype strains. Entries with both QTLs as a group performed relatively better against the phylotype I strain. Entry “94T765‐24‐79”, which lacked Bwr‐6 and Bwr‐12, demonstrated relatively high resistance against the phylotype II strain and may carry new QTL/s. As new bacterial wilt resistance QTLs are mapped and markers designed, pyramiding multiple bacterial wilt resistance QTLs into new varieties should be straightforward, thereby increasing the chances of obtaining stable resistance.
Comparative accuracy and precision of two commercial laboratory analyzers for the quantification of ammonia in cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Devriendt Nausikaa , Or Matan , Meyer Evelyne , Paepe Dominique , Vallarino Nicolas , Bhatti Sofie F.M. , de Rooster Hilde 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundHyperammonemia is one of the contributing factors of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Although blood ammonia concentrations are frequently measured in patients suspected of HE, systemic levels do not necessarily reflect the amount of ammonia in the central nervous system. Measuring ammonia in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can help to understand HE better and potentially improve the diagnosis and follow‐up of patients with HE.ObjectivesThe objectives of this technical report were to evaluate the accuracy and precision of two commercial blood ammonia analyzers (Catalyst Dx, CatDX and Pocket Chem BA, PocBA) to measure CSF ammonia concentrations.MethodsA pool of normal equine CSF was spiked with concentrated ammonia, and a series of six spiked samples were measured in parallel with both CatDx and PocBA.ResultsCatDx and PocBA data correlated excellently with but differed significantly from the spiked ammonia concentrations. These differences were smaller when ammonia CSF concentrations were measured with the PocBA than with the CatDx. In addition, values obtained with the PocBA were more precise than those measured with the CatDx, especially for low ammonia concentrations.ConclusionThis in‐house comparative study shows that ammonia concentrations in spiked equine CSF correlate well with those measured by two commercial blood ammonia analyzers. Nevertheless, concentrations obtained with the PocBA are more accurate and more precise than those obtained with the CatDx, making the former device the preferred choice for clinical veterinary applications.
Magnitud del riesgo por accidentes con objetos cortopunzantes en la consulta odontológica
Authors: Cazares de León Francisco , Treviño Taméz Miriam Alveza , Soto Gámez David Ernesto , Sánchez Márquez María Del Carmen 
Published: October 2019

Antecedentes: El personal del área de la salud está constantemente expuesto a sangre y fluidos provenientes de los pacientes durante su jornada laboral. Por lo tanto, el personal de odontología corre el riesgo de contraer enfermedades infecciosas. Objetivo: Conocer la frecuencia del riesgo laboral por objetos punzocortantes en odontólogos de primer nivel de atención de los Centros de Salud urbano y rural de los Servicios de Salud de Nuevo León Monterrey Nuevo León, México. Métodos: diseño del estudio no experimental, descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo. Población de estudio: odontólogos aplicativos de los Servicios de Salud de Nuevo León con un muestreo probabilístico 108 odontólogos. Se utilizó un cuestionario diseñado con 12 preguntas relacionadas con los accidentes punzocortantes, con una confiabilidad de un alfa de Cronbach de .832. Resultados: el 38.8 % de los masculinos informó haber presentado accidente laboral y femeninas el 67.2 % señalaron haber sufrido un accidente con punzocortante. En relación al conocer si habían sufrido algún accidente por objetos punzocortantes, solo el 59.3 % lo reportó y un 40.7 % no había sufrido accidente; un 49 % si recibió capacitación en bioseguridad y un 51 % no ha recibido capacitación. Conclusión: Con base a estos resultados podemos concluir que aún falta por mejorar las capacitaciones y ampliar la cobertura de capacitación a los odontólogos en materia de normativas de bioseguridad y manejo de residuos peligrosos biológicos infecciosos, así como actualizar el conocimiento de infecciones transmitidas por objetos punzocortantes.
Empagliflozin reverses obesity and insulin resistance through fat browning and alternative macrophage activation in mice fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Xu Liang , Nagata Naoto , Chen Guanliang , Nagashimada Mayumi , Zhuge Fen , Ni Yinhua , Sakai Yuriko , Kaneko Shuichi , Ota Tsuguhito 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveWe reported previously that empagliflozin—a sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor—exhibited preventive effects against obesity. However, it was difficult to extrapolate these results to human subjects. Here, we performed a therapeutic study, which is more relevant to clinical situations in humans, to investigate antiobesity effects of empagliflozin and illustrate the mechanism underlying empagliflozin-mediated enhanced fat browning in obese mice.Research design and methodsAfter 8 weeks on a high-fat diet (HFD), C57BL/6J mice exhibited obesity, accompanied by insulin resistance and low-grade chronic inflammation. Cohorts of obese mice were continued on the HFD for an additional 8-week treatment period with or without empagliflozin.ResultsTreatment with empagliflozin for 8 weeks markedly increased glucose excretion in urine, and suppressed HFD-induced weight gain, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Notably, empagliflozin enhanced oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production, leading to increased energy expenditure. Consistently, the level of uncoupling protein 1 expression was increased in both brown and white (WAT) adipose tissues of empagliflozin-treated mice. Furthermore, empagliflozin decreased plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, but increased plasma levels of IL-33 and adiponectin in obese mice. Finally, we found that empagliflozin reduced M1-polarized macrophage accumulation, while inducing the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype of macrophages in the WAT and liver, thereby attenuating obesity-related chronic inflammation.ConclusionsTreatment with empagliflozin attenuated weight gain by increasing energy expenditure and adipose tissue browning, and alleviated obesity-associated inflammation and insulin resistance by alternative macrophage activation in the WAT and liver of obese mice.
Role of EGFR/ErbB2 and PI3K/AKT/e-NOS inLycium barbarum polysaccharidesAmeliorating Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Oxidative Stress
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Yang Huifang , Zhu Lingqin , Luo Yan , Nie Lihong , Li Guanghua 
Published: October 2019

Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) are the major ingredients of wolfberry. In this study, we investigated the role of LBP in endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress and the underlying mechanisms using thoracic aortic endothelial cells of rat (RAECs) as a model. We found that Ang II inhibits cell viability of RAECs with 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol/L of Ang II treatment for 24[Formula: see text]h most potential ([Formula: see text]), the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is increased by Ang II treatment ([Formula: see text]), and the expression of Occludin and Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) is decreased by Ang II treatment ([Formula: see text]). However, preincubation of cells with LBP could inhibit the changes caused by Ang II, LBP increased cell viability ([Formula: see text]), decreased the level of ROS ([Formula: see text]), and up-regulated the expression of Occludin ([Formula: see text]) and ZO-1. In addition, Ang II treatment increased the expression of EGFR and p-EGFR (Try1172) and which can be inhibited by LBP. On the contrary, expression of ErbB2, p-ErbB2 (Try1248), PI3K, p-e-NOS (Ser1177) ([Formula: see text]), and p-AKT (Ser473) ([Formula: see text]) was inhibited by Ang II treatment and which can be increased by LBP. Treatment of the cells with inhibitors showed that the regulation of p-e-NOS and p-AKT expression by Ang II and LBP can be blocked by PI3K inhibitor wortmannin but not EGFR and ErbB2 inhibitor AC480. Taken together, our results suggested that LBP plays a critical role in maintaining the integrality of blood vessel endothelium through reduced production of ROS via regulating the activity of EGFR, ErbB2, PI3K/AKT/e-NOS, and which may offer a novel therapeutic option in the management of endothelial dysfunction.
The Rate of Mesh Erosion after Modified Transobturator Tape (Canal Transobturator Tape) Surgery: Analysis of 5 years’ Outcome and Influencing Factors
Authors: Hong In Kyung , Kim Hwa Cheong , Kim Jeong Jin , Kim Ji Ye , Lee Kyo Won 
Published: October 2019

<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To evaluate the long-term cure and complication rates of the canal transobturator tape (TOT) procedure for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in females and assess how to reduce mesh erosion in TOT surgery. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> The canal TOT procedure was developed in 2009 and was effective in mitigating the complications of the original TOT procedure in the short-term follow-up. This study was designed for a long-term follow-up. Between October 2006 and December 2010, 232 consecutive women with stress and mixed urinary incontinence underwent the canal TOT procedure. All patients were followed up by urological examination and self-assessment questionnaires. We performed urodynamic studies in patients with pure SUI symptoms and pelvic examination for all patients 5 years post-surgery. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A minimum 5 years follow-up data were available for 144 patients. Complications were evaluated according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Vaginal mesh erosion was reported in 2 patients (1.4%), and the mesh was surgically removed. No bladder or urethral mesh erosion were observed. The subjective and objective cure rates at 5 years were 77.8 and 94.5% respectively. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Canal TOT procedure is an effective minimally invasive procedure with satisfactory results for female SUI in the long term. Compared to the rate of mesh erosion after the original TOT procedure, this technique might be useful in preventing mesh erosion because the mesh is always anatomically well positioned.
MYCORRHIZAE IN AGROFORESTRY: A CASE-STUDY
Authors: NUHAMARA S.T. 
Published: October 2019

Census of mycorrhizae in Shorea javanica agroforests has been made periodically in the district of Krui, Lampung, Sumatra. Amanita hemibapha (Amanitaceae), Cantharellus cibarius (Cantharella-ceae), Lactarius spp., Russula spp. (Russulaceae) and Scleroderma sp. (Sclerodermataceae) were commonly encountered on the agroforest floor. These mycorrhizal fungi are naturally associated withÂ the planted trees. The significance of mycorrhizae for the maximization of growth and sustained productivity of resin is discussed as well as the need to design well defined agroforestry systems to facilitate growth and to improve production management techniques.
FRUIT PRODUCTION OF A SIX-YEAR OLD SHOREA STENOPTERA PLANTATION AT HAURBENTES, BOGOR, INDONESIA
Authors: SUZUKI EIZI 
Published: October 2019

AÂ six-yearÂ oldÂ plantationÂ ofÂ ShoreaÂ stenopteraÂ at Haurbentes,Â BogorÂ floweredÂ forÂ theÂ firstÂ timeÂ on October, 1987. In plots of 270 m2, 12 of the 32 trees had opened flowers. The average heights of flowering and non-flowering trees were 400 cm and 270 cm, respectively. The flowers and fruits were counted four times from October 28, 1987 until February 17, 1988. In October, a total of 24313 flowers existed and 1.9% of them became mature fruits on February, 1988. The fruit production was 308 kg/ha and 133 kg/ha in fresh and dry weights, respectively.
CRITICAL PERIOD OF MUNGBEAN (PHASEOLUS RADIATUS L.) TO WEED COMPETITION
Authors: UTOMO I.H. 
Published: October 2019

AÂ fieldÂ experiment wasÂ conductedÂ toÂ studyÂ theÂ criticalÂ periodÂ of weedÂ controlÂ onÂ theÂ cropÂ of mungbean (Phaseolus radiatus L.). The studies were done in the field of BIOTROP Experimental Station withÂ theÂ naturalÂ existing weedÂ population.Â It wasÂ foundÂ thatÂ theÂ criticalÂ periodÂ of mungbeanÂ to weed competition was from 3-6 weeks after planting.
INFLUENCE OF MEDIA GELLING AGENTS ON ROOT BIOMASS AND IN VITRO VA-MYCORRfflZAL SYMBIOSIS OF CARROT WITH GIGASPORA MARGARITA
Authors: PAL BHATIA NAVEEN , ADHOLEYA ALOK , VERMA ANJALI 
Published: October 2019

An in vitro study with Ri-TDNA transformed roots of carrotÂ (Daucus carota) was carried outÂ to evaluateÂ the role of macro-elements contributed as impurities inÂ the gelling agent (phytagel) over and aboveÂ those presentÂ in the minimal (M) medium. Production of root biomass was taken as a measure to quantify the influence of macro-elements added to the minimal medium. The levels of phosphorus when adjusted to 1.19 mg/1 and 1.09 mg/l, lead to dry root biomass production at par with the control. Attempts made to lower the amount of impurities in phytagel by de-ionization using different alkalies, proved NaOH to give the best results in terms of relatively high amount of root biomass. In an in vitro dual culture system with carrot as host and Gigaspora margarita as the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, phytagel impurities helped to produce maximum number of infection units and auxiliary cells when phytagel was added to the minimal medium.Key words:Â Â Â AgrobacteriumÂ Â Â rhiiogenesfDaucusÂ Â Â caro/a/GellingÂ Â Â agents/diasporaÂ Â Â margarita/Macro- elements/Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza/Transformed roots.
INFLUENCE OF INSECT AND SEED SAMPLE SIZE AND HEAT TREATMENT ON THE INFESTATION OF CALLOSOBRUCHVS CHINENS1S (L.) ON MUNGBEAN, VIGNA RADIATA (L) Wilczek *)
Authors: M. BucruANON1 ELISA 
Published: October 2019

TheÂ influenceÂ ofÂ differentÂ insectÂ andÂ seedÂ sampleÂ sizeÂ andÂ heatÂ treatmentÂ onÂ theÂ infestationÂ ofÂ beanÂ weevil, Callosobruchus chinensis on mungbean,Vjg/m radiata (L.) Wilczek, was studied. Insect and seed sample size as well as varieties/genotype had significant influence in obtaining large responses in the number of eggs and progenies of the bean weevil. Use of at least 10 adult weevils to infest test samples containing at least 40 seeds for a 5-day oviposition period should produce reliable results when infesting mungbean seeds with unsexed weevils. Dry heat treatment was very effective in disinfesting mungbean seeds from the bean weevil in different developmental stages. It improved germination depending upon the condition of the seed before tr eatment and certain temperature limits. A suggestedÂ treatment for mungbean dismfestation using dry heat would be 60Â°C and 70Â°C forÂ two-and one-hour treatments, respectively at 12% moisture content. For seeds in bulk, 60Â°C is much preferred.Key words:Â Â Callosobruchus chinensis/ Insect and seed sample size/Mungbean infestation/Heat treatment
THE EFFECTS OF MILLING DEGREE AND TYPE OF BAG ON FUNGAL INFECTION AND SOME CHEMICAL CONTENTS OF STORED MILLED RICE
Authors: S.DHARMAPUTRA OKKY 
Published: October 2019

The effects of milling degree and type of bag on fungal infection of stored milled rice were investigated together with some chemical contents (glucose, amylose, protein and total lipid contents), and changes in moisture content. Rice var. IR 64 with different milling degrees (85, 90, 95 and 100%) packed inÂ jute and polypropylene bags (1 kg of milled rice/bag) were stored under laboratory conditions with temperature between 24.3-27.3 C and relative humidity 52.6-81.9% for 3 months. The initial moisture content (m.c.) of milled rice was Â± 14%. Three replications (3 bags) were used for each treatment. Each bag was put individually and was arranged randomly on a wooden pallet. The results showed that in general, the increase of milling degree and duration of storage decreased the m.c. Type of bag did not give significant differences on the m.c.Â Twenty eight fungal species were isolated from rice with different milling degree and bag type during storage. The predominant species was Aspergillus Candidas. Total fungal population decreased withÂ theÂ increase of milling degree and duration of storage. Bag type did not give significant differences on totalÂ fungal population. In general, the increase of milling degree increased glucose content. Glucose content in milled rice packed in jute bag was higher than that in polypropylene bag. Glucose content tended to decrease with theÂ increase of storage duration. The increase of milling degree increased amylose content in milled rice. Amylose content of milled rice packed in jute bag was lower than that in polypropylene bag. The increase of storage duration decreased amylose content in milled rice. In general, protein content decreased with the increase of milling degree and duration of storage. 1 type did not give significant differences on protein content. TotalÂ lipid content decreased withÂ theÂ increase of milling degree and duration of storage. TotalÂ lipid content of milled rice packed in jute bag was lower than that in polypropylene bag, but based on chemicalÂ analysis the difference was not significant. Based on statistical analyses, correlation between the m.c. and total lipid content with total fungalÂ population was positive. There was no correlation between glucose, amylose and protein contents with total fungal population. Rice with high milling degree can be stored safely for long period, but it has low chemical (nutritional) contents. Key words:Â Â Milling degree/Bag type/Fungal infection/Chemical content/Milled rice.
NUTRIENT STOCKS IN FOUR STAGES OF A LOWLAND RAIN FOREST AT PASIRMAYANG, JAMBI, CENTRAL SUMATRA,
Authors: LESTARI PAMUJI 
Published: October 2019

Studies of nutrient cycling of tropical forests should differentiate between dynamic stages of the forest. We studied the nutrient concentration (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and phytomass of aboveground (living and non living parts) and belowground compartments (soil) in four dynamic stages, namely Building (Bl and B2), and Mature (Ml and M2) stages, for a lowland rain forest. Nutrient concentrations in various compartments differed between the dynamic stages. Bark contains higher nutrient concentration than wood parts, both in stems and branches. Leaves contain higher nutrient concentration than wood parts, both in litterfall and litter. The concentration of K in throughfall is the highest, Ca and Mg perform similar value. Throughfall exhibits lower nutrient concentration than open area rain water. The nutrient concentration of 10-20 cm is higher than in the 0-10 cm soil depth. The phytomass values are highly variable among tree parts, diameter classes and dynamic stages. The phytomass is generally the highest in M2 and significantly different from Bl ,Â Ml and B2. The phytomass of leaves in litterfall and litter is higherÂ than wood parts. More litterfall and litter are accumulated in mature than building phases. Key words : nutrient / phytomass / dynamics / rain / forest