bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐perceived dental treatment need among adolescents: A hierarchical analysis
Authors: da Cunha Inara Pereira , Mialhe Fábio Luiz , Pereira Antonio Carlos , Vedovello Sílvia Amélia Scudeler , Bulgareli Jaqueline Vilela , Frias Antônio Carlos , Ambrosano Gláucia Maria Bovi , de Castro Meneghim Marcelo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to analyse the factors associated with self‐perceived need for dental treatment among adolescents.MethodsA representative sample in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, comprising 5558 adolescents, was evaluated in 2015. The adolescents were selected by probabilistic sampling by conglomerates in two stages. The outcome evaluated was self‐perceived treatment need measured via a validated questionnaire. Independent variables included sociodemographic factors, type, frequency and reason for last dental visit, and examination of oral conditions. Statistical analysis was based on the multiple hierarchical logistic regression model.ResultsOf the total sample, 3340 (62.6%) adolescents reported needing dental treatment. After fitting the model, the self‐perceived need for treatment was associated with adolescents with family income of up to $1,500 BRL (OR 1.39; [95% CI = 1.20‐1.60]; P < .001), who sought dental services solely for curative treatment (OR 1.58; [95% CI = 1.46‐1.72]; P < .001), reported toothaches in the previous six months (OR 2.88; [95% CI = 2.53‐3.28]; P < .001), were dissatisfied with the appearance of their teeth and mouth (OR 5.94; [95% CI = 5.03‐7.01]; P < .001), had caries in the posterior teeth only (OR 3.04; [95% CI = 2.77‐3.33]; P < .001) or had caries in the anterior teeth (OR 4.75; [95% CI = 4.05‐5.56]; P < .001).ConclusionsThe self‐perceived need for dental treatment among Brazilian adolescents was associated with normative and subjective needs, and sociodemographic context factors. This finding provides important evidence for collective health planning.
Distributed autonomy and trade‐offs in online multiobject k‐coverage
Authors: Esterle Lukas , Lewis Peter R. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIn this article, we explore the online multiobject k‐coverage problem in visual sensor networks. This problem combines k‐coverage and the cooperative multirobot observation of multiple moving targets problem, and thereby captures key features of rapidly deployed camera networks, including redundancy and team‐based tracking of evasive or unpredictable targets. The benefits of using mobile cameras are demonstrated and we explore the balance of autonomy between cameras generating new subgoals, and those responders able to fulfill them. We show that higher performance against global goals is achieved when decisions are delegated to potential responders who treat subgoals as optional, rather than as obligations that override existing goals without question. This is because responders have up‐to‐date knowledge of their own state and progress toward goals where they are situated, which is typically old or incomplete at locations remote from them. Examining the extent to which approaches overprovision or underprovision coverage, we find that being well suited for achieving 1‐coverage does not imply good performance at k‐coverage. Depending on the structure of the environment, the problems of 1‐coverage and k‐coverage are not necessarily aligned and that there is often a trade‐off to be made between standard coverage maximization and achieving k‐coverage.
Use of alcohol swabs to clean injecting sites among people who regularly inject drugs in Australia
Authors: Gibbs Daisy , Peacock Amy , O'Keefe Daniel , Butler Kerryn , Bruno Raimondo , Lenton Simon , Burns Lucinda , Larney Sarah 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsCleaning drug injection sites with alcohol swabs prior to injecting reduces risk of abscesses and other skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI). Better understanding of swabbing behaviours can inform interventions to improve injecting hygiene. We aimed to determine the socio‐demographic, drug use and injecting risk exposure correlates of swabbing prior to injecting and reasons for not swabbing.Design and MethodsThe Illicit Drug Reporting System recruited participants who had injected drugs at least monthly in the past six months in June–July 2017 from all Australian capital cities via needle and syringe programs and word‐of‐mouth. A structured interview was used to collect information on drug use and related behaviour, as well as swabbing practices. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with not swabbing at last injection.ResultsOf 853 respondents, one‐quarter (26%) reported that they did not swab prior to their last injection. In adjusted analyses, crystal methamphetamine as the last drug injected, past month receptive or distributive syringe sharing, and past month re‐use of one's own needle were significantly associated with not swabbing at last injection. Among participants who did not swab at last injection, swabbing was frequently considered unnecessary and a small number disliked using alcohol swabs.Discussion and ConclusionsEfforts are needed to increase awareness of the importance of injecting hygiene in preventing SSTI. Interventions to increase swabbing should be included as part of a wider package of injecting hygiene education, particularly in light of associations with receptive and/or distributive syringe sharing.
Effects of choice on neuronal activity in anterior cingulate, prelimbic, and infralimbic cortices in the rat: Comparison of serial lever pressing with delayed nonmatching to position
Authors: Francoeur Miranda J. , Mair Robert G. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe ability to choose between response alternatives based on their likely consequences depends on distributed neural circuits that involve rodent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). To understand the effects of choice on mPFC function, we compared the activity of mPFC neurons in rats performing two tasks: dynamic delayed nonmatching to position (dDNMTP), a task with a prefrontal‐dependent conditional choice, and serial lever pressing (SLP), a task lacking a choice but trained in the same apparatus with sequences of actions and reinforcements matched to dDNMTP. More neurons exhibited event‐related responses during dDNMTP than SLP. Average firing rate during recording sessions was higher during dDNMTP for neurons with event‐related responses, but lower for neurons with activity unrelated to behavioural events. Thus, compared to SLP, dDNMTP appears to enhance the activity of neurons that represent behaviourally relevant information and to suppress the activity of neurons that do not. dDNMTP was associated with responses related to preparation and memory delay that were not observed during SLP as well as enhanced responses related to movement and reinforcement. These results provide evidence that choice in the dDNMTP task is associated with adaptive changes in background firing rates and coding properties of mPFC neurons.
Responses of soil biochemical properties and microbial community structure to short and long‐term no‐till systems
Authors: Sekaran Udayakumar , Sagar Kavya Laxmisagra , Denardin Luiz Gustavo De Oliveira , Singh Jasdeep , Singh Navdeep , Abagandura Gandura Omar , Kumar Sandeep , Farmaha Bhupinder Singh , Bly Anthony , Martins Amanda Posselt 
Published: December 2019

AbstractTillage activities play a crucial role in impacting soil physical and chemical properties, which in turn alter soil biochemical activities and microbial community structure. In this study, responses of soil biochemical activities and microbial community structure to short‐term (NTS, <5 years) and long‐term (NTL, >10 years) no‐till (NT) systems were studied in comparison with conventional till (CT) at four different locations (Garretson, Crooks, Beresford and Mitchell) in South Dakota, USA. Data showed that the NTLresulted in increased soil labile and microbial biomass carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) compared with the CT treatment at the Garretson, Crooks and Beresford sites. At the Crooks and Beresford sites, soils under NTLand NTShad significantly increased the β‐glucosidase, urease, arylamidase, acid and alkaline phosphatase and arylsulphatase enzyme activities compared with those under CT treatment. The β‐glucosidase, urease, acid phosphatase and arylsulphatase enzyme activities showed significant correlations with the microbial biomass content of the soils. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis showed increased PLFA content in NTLsoils compared with the CT. The content of total bacterial, actinobacterial, Gram‐positive bacterial, total fungal, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) and saprophyte PLFAs was consistently increased in the NTLand NTScompared with the CT soils at the Garretson site. These differences were more pronounced between NTLand CT systems than between NTSand CT systems in most of the studied sites. The findings suggest that usage of NT for a longer duration is highly beneficial to soil labile C and N pool retention and enzyme activities, and provides less disturbance to soil microbial activities and their functions, which in turn regulates nutrient transformation. Our results also suggest that converting CT soils into NT can improve some soil health indicators even over a short duration, and hence adopting NT can enhance soil microbial and plant growth.HighlightsNTSand NTLsystems increased soil labile C and N and microbial biomass as compared to CTTotal fungi biomass was significantly enhanced under NT compared with CTShort‐term NT significantly increased β‐glucosidase activity at Crooks and Beresford sites compared to CTCompared to the CT system, NT significantly increased soil biological health
Bond strength between dentine and a novel fast‐setting calcium silicate cement with fluoride
Authors: Ranjkesh Bahram , Kopperud Hilde M. , Kopperud Simen E. , Løvschall Henrik 
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dentine bond strength of a novel fast‐setting calcium silicate cement (Protooth) versus a calcium hydroxide‐based cement (Dycal), a calcium silicate cement (ProRoot MTA), and a glass ionomer cement (Ketac‐Molar). Mid‐root dentine slices of 1 mm thickness were obtained from human maxillary incisors. After enlarging the lumen of the canal to 1.3 mm, the cavities were randomly filled with test materials. Samples were immersed in physiological‐like solution. The push‐out bond strength was tested on days 1, 28, and 180 (n = 12). Failure types of bonding were determined using a stereomicroscope. We analysed the data using linear regression. Dycal and day 1 were considered as reference for cement type and assessment time, respectively. Protooth, Ketac‐Molar, and ProRoot MTA demonstrated higher push‐out bond strength than Dycal. The push‐out bond strength in the Protooth group increased on day 28 and 180. The bond strength of Ketac‐Molar was significantly reduced on day 28. Dycal showed a significant decrease in bond strength on day 180 compared with that on day 1 and 28. Mixed failure was the dominant failure type. Protooth bonding to dentine was increased with time, in contrast to that of ProRoot MTA, Dycal, and Ketac‐Molar, as a function of time.
Cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers of status epilepticus
Authors: Hanin Aurélie , Lambrecq Virginie , Denis Jérôme Alexandre , Imbert‐Bismut Françoise , Rucheton Benoît , Lamari Foudil , Bonnefont‐Rousselot Dominique , Demeret Sophie , Navarro Vincent 
Published: December 2019

AbstractStatus epilepticus is a condition resulting either from the failure of the mechanisms responsible for seizure termination or from the initiation of mechanisms that lead to abnormally prolonged seizures and require urgent administration of antiepileptic drugs. Refractory status epilepticus requires anesthetics drugs and may lead to brain injury with molecular and cellular alterations (eg, inflammation, and neuronal and astroglial injury) that could induce neurologic sequels and further development of epilepsy. Outcome scores based on demographic, clinical, and electroencephalography (EEG) condition are available, allowing prediction of the risk of mortality, but the severity of brain injury in survivors is poorly evaluated. New biomarkers are needed to predict with higher accuracy the outcome of patients admitted with status in an intensive care unit. Here, we summarize the findings of studies from patients and animal models of status epilepticus. Specific protein markers can be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and the blood. One of the first described markers of neuronal death is the neuron‐specific enolase. Gliosis resulting from inflammatory responses after status can be detected through the increase of S100‐beta, or some cytokines, like the High Mobility Group Box 1. Other proteins, like progranulin may reflect the neuroprotective mechanisms resulting from the brain adaptation to excitotoxicity. These new biomarkers aim to prospectively identify the severity and development of disability, and subsequent epilepsy of patients with status. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each biomarker, by evaluating their brain specificity, stability in the fluids, and sensitivity to external interferences, such as hemolysis. Finally, we emphasize the need for further development and validation of such biomarkers in order to better assess patients with severe status epilepticus.
Doing without valproate in women of childbearing potential with idiopathic generalized epilepsy: Implications on seizure outcome
Authors: Cerulli Irelli Emanuele , Morano Alessandra , Cocchi Enrico , Casciato Sara , Fanella Martina , Albini Mariarita , Avorio Federica , Basili Luca M. , Fisco Giacomo , Barone Francesca A. , Mascia Addolarata , D’Aniello Alfredo , Manfredi Mario , Fattouch Jinane , Quarato Pierpaolo , Giallonardo Anna Teresa , Di Gennaro Giancarlo , Di Bonaventura Carlo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectiveValproate (VPA) use in women with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) who are of reproductive age has been a matter of concern and debate, which eventually led to the recent restrictions by regulatory agencies. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between VPA avoidance/switch and seizure outcome in women of childbearing potential.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed data from female patients with IGE, 13‐50 years of age, followed since 1980. We evaluated the prescription habits, and the rate of VPA switch for other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and its prognostic implications. Seizure remission (SR) was defined as the absence of any seizure type more than 18 months before the last medical observation. The main aim of the study was to assess (a) possible changes in seizure outcome related to VPA switch for other AEDs, especially in patients planning a pregnancy; and (b) possible differences in SR based on the presence/absence of VPA at last observation.ResultsOne hundred ninety‐eight patients were included in the study. Overall SR at last medical observation was 62.7%. SR significantly differed between subjects taking and those not taking VPA (P < .001) at last visit. Multiple regression models showed that taking VPA at last medical observation was strongly associated with SR in both the general population (P < .001) and the juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) group (P < .001). Thirty‐six (70.6%) of 51 patients who switched from VPA during follow‐up experienced a clinical worsening. Switching back to VPA was more frequently associated with SR at last observation (P < .001). In those patients who substituted VPA in view of a pregnancy, SR and drug burden (monotherapy vs polytherapy) differed significantly before and after the switch.SignificanceOur study suggests that VPA avoidance/switch might be associated with unsatisfactory seizure control in women with IGE who are of childbearing potential. Our findings further highlight the complexity of the therapeutic management of female patients of reproductive age.
Long‐term variability and density dependence in Hudson River Dreissena populations
Authors: Strayer David L. , Fischer David T. , Hamilton Stephen K. , Malcom Heather M. , Pace Michael L. , Solomon Christopher T. 
Published: December 2019

Abstract

We used a 27‐year record of Dreissena populations in the freshwater tidal Hudson River to describe interannual variation in population density, body size, and body condition; estimate long‐term variation in recruitment, survivorship, and shell growth; and assess possible controls on the populations.

Dreissena populations in the Hudson have been highly variable, with interannual ranges of c. 100‐fold in abundance and biomass, and 7‐fold in mean body mass. This large interannual variation arises from both long‐term trends and 2–5‐year cycles.

Long‐term trends include the 2008 appearance of the quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis), which still forms a small part (<10%) of the dreissenid community, and a decline in zebra mussel body size. The decline in body size was caused by a long‐term decline in adult survivorship rather than a decline in rates of shell growth. We could detect no long‐term trends in adult abundance or spread of Dreissena onto soft sediments in the Hudson.

We observed persistent, strong cycles in adult abundance and body size. These were driven by the appearance and decay of eight dominant year classes over the 27 years of our study, and were a result of temporal variation in recruitment rather than temporal variation in survivorship. The observed strongly irregular recruitment appears to arise from strong adult–larval interactions, and is consistent with previous simulation model results showing that interactions between adults and larvae can drive persistent cycling.

We found evidence that negative density dependence affects recruitment, somatic growth, and body condition of Dreissena in the Hudson. Warm summers may also cause high adult mortality.

We put our results into the context of a conceptual model of Dreissena population dynamics, and argue that neither the dynamics nor the controls of populations of these important invaders is known satisfactorily.
Association of hospital transfusion use and infection‐related rehospitalizations among patients receiving hemodialysis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Li Suying , Liu Jiannong , Dluzniewski Paul J. , Wetmore James B. , Gilbertson David T. , Bradbury Brian D. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroduction: Red blood cell transfusions have been associated with infection risk. We investigated whether hospital transfusions are associated with infections in maintenance hemodialysis patients requiring transfusions for chronic anemia.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, hemodialysis patients who experienced an incident hospitalization during 2012–2013 were identified from the Medicare end‐stage renal disease database. Hospital transfusions were first categorized into one of five groups based on adjusted likelihood of administering red blood cell transfusions during inpatient hospital stays that occurred over the previous year (2011) among the general Medicare cohort. Next, in a patient‐level analysis, patients were categorized according to transfusion use at the incident hospitalization hospital. Outcomes were infection‐related rehospitalization and a composite of infection‐related hospitalization and all‐cause mortality during the 60 days following hospital discharge. We estimated adjusted rate ratios for the association between hospital transfusion use and risk of rehospitalization or the composite endpoint using Poisson regression models.Findings: The study included 1578 hospitals and 61,455 hemodialysis patients. Patient characteristics were balanced across hospital transfusion use groups. The overall transfusion rate was 16.0%. The overall 30‐day infection‐related hospitalization rate (95% confidence interval) per 100 patient‐months was 8.8 (8.6–9.1); rates did not differ by transfusion use group. Rate ratios for infection‐related rehospitalization were 1.00 (0.91–1.10) over 30 days and 0.98 (0.91–1.05) over 60 days comparing the lowest and highest transfusion use groups.Discussion: We found no differences in risk of infection‐related rehospitalization for patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis across the varying blood transfusion rates of US hospitals.
Evaluation of the predictive value of the hematopoietic progenitor cell count using an automated hematology analyzer for CD34+ stem cell mobilization and apheresis product yield
Authors: Furundarena José Ramón , Uranga Alasne , Alkorta Aitziber , González Carmen , Javier Ferreiro José , Rey Mercedes , Aragón Larraitz , Urreta Iratxe , Emparanza José Ignacio , Redín Helena , Garrido Adolfo , Araiz María 
Published: December 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe evaluated the value of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) counted in Sysmex XN analyzers to predict the mobilization and collection of CD34+ cells in apheresis for stem cell transplantation.MethodsEighty patients who underwent stem cell transplantation were enrolled (50 autologous and 30 allogeneic). In the autologous group, patients were considered poor mobilizers when the CD34+ count was <10 × 106/L or <20 × 106/L in patients with multiple myeloma who were going to undergo two transplants. ROC curves were generated, and HPC cutoffs were calculated.ResultsThe correlation between the HPC and CD34+ cell counts was good. Two algorithms were proposed. In the first algorithm, samples collected the day before apheresis, negative and positive HPC cutoffs were selected to detect poor and good mobilization and, therefore, the need or not to administer plerixafor. In the second algorithm, samples collected pre‐apheresis, the negative HPC cutoff was an indication to delay apheresis; an HPC higher than the optimal cutoff was an indication to start apheresis. When the HPC values were between these cutoffs, there was an indication to count CD34+ cells for a better decision‐making. Finally, in samples collected pre‐apheresis, HPC counts could be used to predict patients who would have poor CD34+ cell collections. In the allogeneic group, all the donors mobilized well, and very few needed two apheresis procedures.ConclusionsThe HPC count is useful for decision‐making in the management of patients subjected to apheresis procedures to collect peripheral blood stem cells.
Using the big five inventory to evaluate the personality traits of Australian pharmacists
Authors: Waddell Jason J , Nissen Lisa M , Hale Andrew R , Kyle Gregory 
Published: December 2019

AbstractObjectivesPharmacist personality traits may explain the incomplete uptake of extended scope pharmacy practice roles. The objective of this study was to explore the personality traits of Australian pharmacists using the Big Five Inventory (BFI).MethodsA cross-sectional survey of Australian pharmacists was undertaken. Pharmacists were asked to complete a short demographic survey and the BFI, a 44-item survey that measures the Big Five personality traits: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness. Each trait can be scored out of a maximum of 5. The BFI and multivariate linear regression were used to assess associations between personality traits and demographic variables.Key findingsA total of 122 responses were available for analysis. The majority of study participants were female (79.5%), were aged between 30 and 39 years (32.0%) and worked in hospital pharmacy (46.7%). Pharmacists scored (mean (standard deviation)) 3.4 (0.7) for extraversion, 3.9 (0.5) for agreeableness, 4.2 (0.5) for conscientiousness, 2.5 (0.8) for neuroticism and 3.5 (0.6) for openness. Associations were found between agreeableness and qualifications and location of pharmacy practice, neuroticism and working in a practice location (rural versus metropolitan) and age, and openness and practice location (rural versus metropolitan) and principle role in pharmacy.ConclusionsPharmacists displayed high scores on the traits of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness and scored moderately on the trait of openness. Confirmation with a larger sample size and evaluation in the context of pharmacy practice change may assist in overcoming barriers to change in the pharmacy profession.