bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factor for refractive error in rural Chinese adults in Kailu, Inner Mongolia
Authors: Cheng Fang , Shan Li , Song Wulian , Fan Pan , Zhang Lijuan , Wang Xinyu , Yuan Huiping 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the prevalence of refractive error in adults 40 years of age and older in Kailu, Inner Mongolia.MethodsA population‐based, cross‐sectional study was conducted in Chinese adults. Spherical equivalent (S.E.) refractive error was determined from the right eye. Myopia and hyperopia were defined as a spherical equivalent (S.E.) < −0.5 dioptres (D) and >0.5 D, respectively. Since the prevalence of high myopia will vary with the precise criterion chosen, the prevalence of this condition was calculated for thresholds of both <−5.0 D and <6.0 D. Astigmatism was defined as cylinder power >0.5 D. Anisometropia was defined as a difference in S.E. between the two eyes >1.0 D.ResultsThe prevalence of myopia, high myopia (<−5.0 D/<−6.0 D) and hyperopia in Kailu adults was 60.3% (95%CI: 58.95–61.71), 5.5% (95%CI: 4.82–6.10) /4.0% (95%CI: 3.47–4.57) and 12.2% (95%CI: 11.26–13.11), respectively. The age‐ and gender‐standardised prevalence of myopia, high myopia (−5.0 D/−6.0 D) and hyperopia were 62.5% (95%CI: 61.05–63.99), 5.0% (95%CI: 4.34–5.61) /3.5% (95%CI: 2.99–4.04) and 10.6% (95%CI: 9.71–11.49), respectively. 52.9% had refractive astigmatism >0.5 D and 18.8% of subjects had clinically significant anisometropia. Age was significantly associated with hyperopia, high myopia, astigmatism and anisometropia. Myopia was more prevalent in females. Individuals with a higher educational level had a greater and lesser likelihood of myopia and astigmatism, respectively.ConclusionsMyopia affects around two‐thirds of the rural Chinese population over 40 years of age in Kailu. This high prevalence highlights that rural populations should be included in epidemiological studies of refractive error. Further investigations are needed to clarify the role of environmental factors in myopia development.
Early school‐age cognitive performance post–pediatric heart transplantation
Authors: Gold Anna , Bondi Bianca C. , Ashkanase Jenna , Dipchand Anne I. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundAs survival in pediatric heart transplantation (HTx) has improved due to medical advances, the analysis of long‐term outcomes impacting quality of life such as cognition and development becomes increasingly important. Neuropsychological assessments provide a comprehensive understanding of individual needs, allowing for the development of tailored recommendations and interventions.MethodsRoutine neuropsychological assessment was completed between 5 and 7 years of age in this cohort of pediatric HTx recipients at our center (Jan 2014‐Oct 2018), including tests of general intellect (WPPSI‐IV, WISC‐V), academics (WIAT‐II/III), perceptual‐motor abilities (Beery VMI), and memory (CMS). Relevant medical variables were collected.ResultsAmong 25 children, the median age at testing was 6.7 (IQR:5.8‐7.4) years, with a median time since HTx of 5.2 (IQR:4.8‐6.8) years. Medical diagnoses included congenital heart disease (CHD; 56%) and cardiomyopathy (44%). Cognitive functioning across the intellectual, academic, and perceptual‐motor domains fell within the low‐average range, while memory abilities fell within the average range. DSM‐5 clinical diagnoses were provided for 14 (56%) children: Intellectual Disability‐Mild (20%), Learning Disability (20%), Language Disorder (8%), and Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (12%). The presence of neurological issues and/or CHD predicted poorer performance on various neuropsychological domains.ConclusionsOver 50% of this cohort of pediatric heart transplant recipients seen for routine post‐HTx neuropsychological assessment received a clinical psychological diagnosis, notably higher than rates in the general population. This population requires monitoring to ensure that high risk children are identified and successfully supported in school and their community.
Long‐term psychosocial outcomes of adults transplanted in childhood: A social work perspective
Authors: Puma Lynn , Doyle Maya 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhile much research exists regarding medical outcomes for pediatric end stage renal disease (ESRD) populations and for adults receiving dialysis or kidney transplant, the understanding of long‐term psychosocial outcomes for individuals diagnosed with ESRD or transplanted in childhood remains limited. A literature review was undertaken by two social work researchers to identify relationship, education, employment, and quality of life (QOL) outcomes for this population utilizing PUBMED and PsycInfo databases. Inconsistencies in the MeSH terms and keywords used across the relevant articles were noted. The impact of transplantation in childhood is significant across multiple facets of social development including but not limited to peer/intimate relationships, education and employment and QOL, and overall well‐being. When compared to healthy peers, those with ESRD were delayed in all areas of social development. While improvements in psychosocial outcomes have occurred alongside improved graft and patient survival, more focused longitudinal and qualitative inquiry is needed. Partnerships are needed across disciplines and across those caring for different age cohorts in pediatric, adult nephrology, and transplant practices.
Distribution of gold and silver and its relation with hypogene ore minerals in the Esperanza porphyry deposit, Antofagasta Region, Chile
Authors: Kojima Shoji , San Martín María Constanza , Nagase Toshiro , Nakashima Daisuke , Bisso Claudio , Menzies Andrew 
Published: October 2020

AbstractModes of occurrence of Au‐ and Ag‐bearing phases and their relation with associated hypogene ore minerals were examined with the objective to elucidate Au‐Ag distribution at the Esperanza porphyry deposit in the Eocene Centinela copper belt, using ore‐microscope modal analysis, semi‐quantitative analyses by automated mineralogy, electron probe microanalysis, and secondary ion mass spectrometer. The Esperanza hypogene mineralization is characterized by early‐stage chalcopyrite‐rich veinlets in the potassic alteration zone and later polymetallic stage with tennantite and galena in the chlorite‐sericitic alteration zone. Only the early‐stage chalcopyrite contains fine‐grained electrum (Au68Ag32 ‐ Au81Ag19) and hessite (Ag2Te), and thus yields positive correlations in Cu vs. Au and Cu vs. Ag grades that are clearly recognized in the hypogene sulfide zone. The early‐stage chalcopyrite grains frequently exhibit polysynthetic twinning suggestive of inversion from intermediate solid solution. These features suggest that the fine‐grained electrum and hessite are products exsolved in the cooling process with the intermediate solid solution to chalcopyrite inversion. In contrast, tennantite and galena of the later‐stage mineralization contain no detectable Ag, and it is thus proposed that the early‐stage inverted chalcopyrite is the principal storage of economically important precious metals.
Evaluation of oral characteristics and oral health of individuals with fragile X syndrome and related guardians perceptions
Authors: Montez Ana Rita Henriques , Bizarra Maria de Fátima , Graça Sandra Ribeiro 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo relate the oral health of individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS) with their oral characteristics, habits, and difficulties in terms of oral hygiene and the perception of oral health of the guardians.Methods and resultsThis observational transversal study included 31 volunteers who belong to the Portuguese Fragile X Syndrome Association. A questionnaire was presented to guardians, and a head and neck and oral examination was performed to the individuals: decay, missing and filled teeth index (DMFT) = 4.65, gingival index (GI) = 1.01, and simplified oral hygiene index (OHI‐S) = 2.26 and Malocclusion Class Angle II (61.3%) with dental aesthetic index 34.90. A high‐arch narrow palate (71%), accentuated gagging reflex (45.2%), and bruxism (22.6%) were the most common oral characteristics. There was a negative correlation between the several behaviors, attitudes, and habits reported by the guardians and all the indexes of oral health, with significance to the DMFT (P = .032), missing teeth (P = .032), and GI (P = .04).ConclusionThere was a variability in oral characteristics, and these can represent a difficulty in performing oral hygiene. The collected data provide information for the health professionals and guardians to guide the monitoring of patients with FXS as well as to create strategies to improve oral hygiene.
The NanDeSyn database for Nannochloropsis systems and synthetic biology
Authors: Gong Yanhai , Kang Nam K. , Kim Young U. , Wang Zengbin , Wei Li , Xin Yi , Shen Chen , Wang Qintao , You Wuxin , Lim Jong‐Min , Jeong Suk‐Won , Park Youn‐Il , Oh Hee‐Mock , Pan Kehou , Poliner Eric , Yang Guanpin , Li‐Beisson Yonghua , Li Yantao , Hu Qiang , Poetsch Ansgar , Farre Eva M. , Chang Yong K. , Jeong Won‐Joong , Jeong Byeong‐ryool , Xu Jian 
Published: October 2020

SummaryNannochloropsis species, unicellular industrial oleaginous microalgae, are model organisms for microalgal systems and synthetic biology. To facilitate community‐based annotation and mining of the rapidly accumulating functional genomics resources, we have initiated an international consortium and present a comprehensive multi‐omics resource database named Nannochloropsis Design and Synthesis (NanDeSyn; http://nandesyn.single‐cell.cn). Via the Tripal toolkit, it features user‐friendly interfaces hosting genomic resources with gene annotations and transcriptomic and proteomic data for six Nannochloropsis species, including two updated genomes of Nannochloropsis oceanica IMET1 and Nannochloropsis salina CCMP1776. Toolboxes for search, Blast, synteny view, enrichment analysis, metabolic pathway analysis, a genome browser, etc. are also included. In addition, functional validation of genes is indicated based on phenotypes of mutants and relevant bibliography. Furthermore, epigenomic resources are also incorporated, especially for sequencing of small RNAs including microRNAs and circular RNAs. Such comprehensive and integrated landscapes of Nannochloropsis genomics and epigenomics will promote and accelerate community efforts in systems and synthetic biology of these industrially important microalgae.
Neutralizing and binding activities against SARS‐CoV‐1/2, MERS‐CoV, and human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 by normal human intravenous immunoglobulin derived from healthy donors in Japan
Authors: Kubota‐Koketsu Ritsuko , Terada Yutaka , Yunoki Mikihiro , Sasaki Tadahiro , Nakayama Emi E. , Kamitani Wataru , Shioda Tatsuo 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundThere are several types of coronaviruses that infect humans and cause disease. The latest is severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which is an emerging global threat with no current effective treatment. Normal intravenous immunoglobulin (N‐IVIG) has been administered to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients to control severe inflammation and the cellular immune response. However, the neutralizing activity of N‐IVIG against SARS‐CoV‐2 has not yet been fully evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine whether N‐IVIG manufactured before the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic contained IgG antibodies against the circulating human coronaviruses (HCoVs) that cross‐react with the highly pathogenic coronaviruses SARS‐CoV‐1, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV), and SARS‐CoV‐2. No cases of SARS‐CoV‐1 or MERS‐CoV have been reported in Japan.Study Design and MethodsThe neutralizing and binding activities of N‐IVIG against SARS‐CoV‐1, MERS‐CoV, SARS‐CoV‐2, HCoV 229E, and HCoV OC43 were evaluated. Nine N‐IVIG lots manufactured between 2000 and 2018, derived from donors in Japan, were tested. Binding activity was evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence assay.ResultsNone of the N‐IVIG lots tested displayed neutralizing or binding activity against SARS‐CoV‐1, MERS‐CoV, or SARS‐CoV‐2. However, they displayed substantial neutralizing and binding activity against HCoV OC43 and weak neutralizing and substantial binding activity against HCoV 229E.ConclusionN‐IVIG derived from healthy donors in Japan before the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic had no direct effect against SARS‐CoV‐2. Further studies are warranted to determine the effects of N‐IVIG manufactured after the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic against SARS‐CoV‐2.
Evaluation of a microvascular anastomotic coupler for end‐to‐side arterial and venous anastomosis for feline renal transplantation
Authors: Mickelson Megan A. , Hardie Robert J. , Hespel Adrien‐Maxence , Dreyfus Jennifer 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the technique and determine the feasibility of an end‐to‐side (ETS) anastomosis of the renal vein to vena cava and renal artery to aorta using a microvascular anastomotic coupler (MAC) for feline renal transplantation.Study designIn vivo experimental study.AnimalsSix purpose‐bred domestic shorthair cats.MethodsThe left kidney was autotransplanted using a MAC for ETS vascular anastomosis. Outcomes included intraoperative hemorrhage from the anastomosis sites, duration of anastomoses, surgical complications, postoperative renal perfusion (including resistive index (RI)) measured by Doppler ultrasonography and computed tomography angiography, and histopathological examination of the left kidney and anastomosis sites (30 days).ResultsAnastomosis was successful in all cats, and intraoperative hemorrhage was negligible. Intraoperative renal perfusion was considered excellent. Venous and arterial anastomoses were completed in 11 minutes 20 seconds (range, 6:38‐13:27) and 21 minutes 50 seconds (range, 11:05‐30:24), respectively. Vascular occlusion time was 32 minutes (17:43‐42:03). One cat was euthanized 5 hours postoperatively because of bleeding from a muscular arterial branch of the dorsal aorta causing hemoabdomen. Renal perfusion and RI of the remaining five cats were within normal range (<0.8) and similar to the contralateral kidney at all time points. Endothelialization of the anastomosis was complete with mild‐to‐moderate fibrosis surrounding the MAC in all cats.ConclusionEnd‐to‐side anastomosis of the renal vein and artery to the vena cava and aorta, respectively, was consistently achieved in all six cats with the MAC.Clinical significanceThe use of the MAC may be considered as an alternative to hand suturing for ETS anastomoses for feline renal transplantation.
Bingham Fluid Flow in the Entrance Region of a Pipe
Authors: Baioumy Basma , Chebbi Rachid , Abdel Jabbar Nabil 
Published: October 2020

AbstractLaminar Bingham fluid flow in the entrance region of a circular pipe is investigated using a momentum integral model. The fully developed flow is uniform in the core region, while the velocity changes in the annular part of the cross section of the pipe. The inlet-filled region concept is adopted. In the inlet region, the boundary layer thickness increases until the size of the plug flow area reaches the fully developed flow size. The model converges to the fully developed solution in the filled region. The model provides the velocity, pressure drop, and skin friction coefficient profiles. The pressure drop results are in good agreement with published experimental data. The flow results asymptotically converge to the fully developed values. In addition, the results are consistent with published Newtonian fluid flow experimental data and theoretical results for the boundary layer thickness, pressure drop, and centerline velocity for small values of the Bingham number.
New advances in the diagnosis and management of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Ju Dong , Heimbach Julie K 
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer related death in the world. Biannual surveillance for the disease in patients with cirrhosis and in high risk carriers of hepatitis B virus allows early stage cancer detection and treatment with good long term outcomes. Liver ultrasonography and serum α fetoprotein are the most commonly used surveillance tests. If suspicious results are found on the surveillance test, multiphasic computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging should be undertaken to confirm the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. If radiologic tests show inconclusive results, liver biopsy or repeat imaging could be considered for confirmation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Management of the disease is complex. Patients should be evaluated by a multidisciplinary team, and the selection of treatment should consider factors such as tumor burden, severity of liver dysfunction, medical comorbidities, local expertise, and preference of patients. Early stage hepatocellular carcinoma is best managed by curative treatment, which includes resection, ablation, or transplantation. Patients with intermediate stage disease often receive locoregional treatment. Systemic treatment is reserved for patients with advanced disease. Several positive, phase III, randomized controlled trials have expanded the systemic treatment options for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with promising long term outcomes, especially trials using combination treatments, which could also have eventual implications for the treatment of earlier stage disease.
Inpatient patient safety events in vulnerable populations: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Schulson Lucy B , Novack Victor , Folcarelli Patricia H , Stevens Jennifer P , Landon Bruce E 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundWidespread attention to structural racism has heightened interest in disparities in the quality of care delivered to racial/ethnic minorities and other vulnerable populations. These groups may also be at increased risk of patient safety events.ObjectiveTo examine differences in inpatient patient safety events for vulnerable populations defined by race/ethnicity, insurance status and limited English proficiency (LEP).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSingle tertiary care academic medical centre.ParticipantsInpatient admissions of those aged ≥18 years from 1 October 2014 to 31 December 2018.MeasurementsPrimary exposures of interest were self-identified race/ethnicity, Medicaid insurance/uninsured and LEP. The primary outcome of interest was the total number of patient safety events, defined as any event identified by a modified version of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement global trigger tool that automatically identifies patient safety events (‘automated’) from the electronic record or by the hospital-wide voluntary provider reporting system (‘voluntary’). Negative binomial models were used to adjust for demographic and clinical factors. We also stratified results by automated and voluntary.ResultsWe studied 141 877 hospitalisations, of which 13.6% had any patient safety event. In adjusted analyses, Asian race/ethnicity was associated with a lower event rate (incident rate ratio (IRR) 0.89, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.96); LEP patients had a lower risk of any patient safety event and voluntary events (IRR 0.91, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.96; IRR 0.89, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.94). Asian and Latino race/ethnicity were also associated with a lower rate of voluntary events but no difference in risk of automated events. Black race was associated with an increased risk of automated events (IRR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.20).LimitationsThis is a single centre study.ConclusionsA commonly used method for monitoring patient safety problems, namely voluntary incident reporting, may underdetect safety events in vulnerable populations.
Improving outcomes for older people in the emergency department: a review of reviews
Authors: Preston Louise , van Oppen James David , Conroy Simon Paul , Ablard Suzanne , Buckley Woods Helen , Mason Suzanne M 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundThere has been a recognised trend of increasing use of emergency and urgent care and emergency departments (EDs) by older people, which is marked by a substantial evidence base reporting interventions for this population and guidance from key organisations. Despite this, outcomes for this population remain suboptimal. A plethora of reviews in this area provides challenges for clinicians and commissioners in determining which interventions and models of care best meet people’s needs. The aim of this review was to identify effective ED interventions which have been reported for older people, and to provide a clear summary of the myriad reviews and numerous intervention types in this area.MethodsA review of reviews, reporting interventions for older people, either initiated or wholly delivered within the ED.ResultsA total of 15 review articles describing 83 primary studies met our content and reporting standards criteria. The majority (n=13) were systematic reviews (four using meta-analysis.) Across the reviews, 26 different outcomes were reported with inconsistency. Follow-up duration varied within and across the reviews. Based on how authors had reported results, evidence clusters were developed: (1) staff-focused reviews, (2) discharge intervention reviews, (3) population-focused reviews and (4) intervention component reviews.ConclusionsThe evidence base describing interventions is weak due to inconsistent reporting, differing emphasis placed on the key characteristics of primary studies (staff, location and outcome) by review authors and varying quality of reviews. No individual interventions have been found to be more promising, but interventions initiated in the ED and continued into other settings have tended to result in more favourable patient and health service outcomes. Despite many interventions reported within the reviews being holistic and patient focused, outcomes measured were largely service focused.PROSPERO registration numberPROSPERO CRD42018111461.
Dilated cardiomyopathy caused by truncating titin variants: long-term outcomes, arrhythmias, response to treatment and sex differences
Authors: Vissing Christoffer Rasmus , Rasmussen Torsten Bloch , Dybro Anne Mette , Olesen Morten Salling , Pedersen Lisbeth Nørum , Jensen Morten , Bundgaard Henning , Christensen Alex Hørby 
Published: October 2020

BackgroundTruncating variants in titin (TTNtv) are the most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We evaluated the genotype-phenotype correlation in TTNtv-DCM, with a special focus on long-term outcomes, arrhythmias, response to treatment and sex-related presentation.MethodsData on patient characteristics and outcomes were collected retrospectively from electronic health records of patients genotyped at two Danish heart transplantation centres.ResultsWe included 115 patients (66% men). At diagnosis of DCM, mean age was 46±13 years and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 28%±13%. During a median follow-up of 7.9 years, 26% reached a composite outcome of left ventricular assist device implantation, heart transplantation or death. In 20% an arrhythmia preceded the DCM diagnosis. In total, 43% had atrial fibrillation (AF) and 23% had ventricular arrhythmias. Long-term left ventricular reverse remodelling (LVRR; LVEF increase ≥10% points or normalisation) was achieved in 58% and occurred more frequently in women (72% vs 51%, p=0.042).In multivariable proportional hazards analyses, occurrence of LVRR was a strong independent negative predictor of the composite outcome (HR: 0.05 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.14); p<0.001). Female sex independently predicted lower rates of ventricular arrhythmias (HR: 0.33 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.99); p=0.05), while the location of the TTNtv was not associated with cardiovascular outcomes.ConclusionDCM caused by TTNtv presented in midlife and was associated with a high burden of AF and ventricular arrhythmias, which often preceded DCM diagnosis. Furthermore, LVRR occurred in a high proportion of patients and was a strong negative predictor of the composite outcome. Female sex was positively associated with occurrence of LVRR and longer event-free survival.