bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteasome Regulation by Reversible Tyrosine Phosphorylation at the Membrane
Authors: Chen Lu , Shu Xin , Chen Qiong , Wei Tiantian , Wang Xiaorong , Wu Qirou , Wang Heman , Liu Xiaoyan , Zhang Xiaomei , Zhang Yanan , Zheng Suya , Huang Lan , Xiao Junyu , Jiang Chao , Wang Zhiping , Yang Bing , Guo Xing 
Published: September 2020

AbstractReversible phosphorylation has emerged as an important mechanism for regulating 26S proteasome function in health and disease. Over 100 phospho-tyrosine (pTyr) sites of the human proteasome have been detected, and yet their function and regulation remain poorly understood. Here we show that the 19S subunit Rpt2 is phosphorylated at Tyr439, a strictly conserved residue within the C-terminal HbYX motif of Rpt2 that is essential for 26S proteasome assembly. Unexpectedly, we found that Y439 phosphorylation depends on Rpt2 membrane localization mediated by its N-myristoylation. Multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) can trigger Rpt2-Y439 phosphorylation by activating Src, a N-myristoylated tyrosine kinase. Src directly phosphorylates Rpt2-Y439in vitroand negatively regulates 26S proteasome integrity and activity at cellular membranes, which can be reversed by the membrane-associated isoform of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2). In H1975 lung cancer cells with activated Src, blocking Rpt2-Y439 phosphorylation by the Y439F mutation conferred partial resistance to the Src inhibitor saracatinib bothin vitroand in a mouse xenograft tumor model, and caused significant changes of cellular responses to saracatinib at the proteome level. Our study has defined a novel mechanism involved in the spatial regulation of proteasome function and provided new insights into tyrosine kinase inhibitor-based anti-cancer therapies.
Engineering protein-specific proteases: targeting active RAS
Authors: Chen Yingwei , Toth Eric A. , Ruan Biao , Choi Eun Jung , Simmerman Richard , Chen Yihong , He Yanan , Wang Ruixue , Godoy-Ruiz Raquel , King Harlan , Custer Gregory , Gallagher D. Travis , Rozak David A. , Solomon Melani , Muro Silvia , Weber David J. , Orban John , Fuerst Thomas R. , Bryan Philip N. 
Published: September 2020

AbstractWe describe the design, kinetic properties, and structures of engineered subtilisin proteases that degrade the active form of RAS by cleaving a conserved sequence in switch 2. RAS is a signaling protein that, when mutated, drives a third of human cancers. To generate high specificity for the RAS target sequence, the active site was modified to be dependent on a cofactor (imidazole or nitrite) and protease sub-sites were engineered to create a linkage between substrate and cofactor binding. Selective proteolysis of active RAS arises from a 2-step process wherein sub-site interactions promote productive binding of the cofactor, enabling cleavage. Proteases engineered in this way specifically cleave active RASin vitro, deplete the level of RAS in a bacterial reporter system, and also degrade RAS in human cell culture. Although these proteases target active RAS, the underlying design principles are fundamental and will be adaptable to many target proteins.
Paternalism and alcohol policy
Authors: Poikolainen Kari 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what degree scientific evidence supports contemporary paternalistic alcohol policy practices targeting fully competent adults.

Design/methodology/approach
Paternalism may be acceptable if it is effective, fair and protects the safety of the citizen or a third party from the harms caused by the citizen’s autonomic actions. To be justifiable, paternalistic actions should bring about clearly more benefits than harms. Otherwise, autonomy should prevail. The evidence related to alcohol control policies is assessed against these principles.

Findings
In peaceful civilized societies, alcohol control policies (high prices, restrictions on supply and marketing) have no or only insignificant effectiveness. Some policies are unfair and may bring about more harms than benefits. There is strong evidence showing that brief interventions aiming to reduce alcohol intake are inefficient. Wide-scale screening for such interventions is likely to waste health service resources. There is sufficient evidence to refute the claim that the previously mentioned policies are effective measures to reduce alcohol-related harms. Heavy alcohol use during pregnancy and driving motor vehicles while intoxicated may bring about harm to others than the user. Behavioural interventions to reduce heavy use in pregnancy have been shown to be inefficient. Light alcohol use may have no harmful effect on the developing embryo, whereas heavy use is likely to cause harm. There is moderate evidence for enforcing legal blood alcohol concentration limits to reduce traffic accidents and fatalities.

Originality/value
This is the first review on the acceptability of paternalism in currently recommended alcohol policies. It shows that in only a few cases, paternalism is effective and compatible with freedom and fairness.
Identifying critical factors influencing the safety of Chinese subway construction projects
Authors: Zhang Shang , Sunindijo Riza Yosia , Loosemore Martin , Wang Shejiang , Gu Yajun , Li Hongfei 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThe image of the construction industry in China, as in many other countries, is tarnished by its poor safety record. With the rapid development of subway systems in Chinese urban areas, construction workers are being exposed to new risks which are poorly understood and managed. Subway construction projects are large scale and scattered over many construction sites, and involve numerous stakeholders and sophisticated technologies in challenging underground environments. Accident rates are high and have significant economic and social consequences for the firms and people involved. Addressing the gap in research about the safety risk in these projects, the purpose of this paper is to advance understanding of the factors influencing the safety of Chinese subway construction projects with the overall objective of reducing accident rates.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted with 399 subway construction professionals across five stakeholder groups. Follow-up interviews were also conducted with five experienced experts in safety management on subway projects to validate the results.FindingsIt was found that the eight most critical factors perceived by stakeholders to influence safety risks on Chinese subway projects are: project management team; contractor-related factors; site underground environment; safety protection during the use of machines; safety management investment; site construction monitoring and measurement; hazard identification and communication; and use of machines in all stages. This indicates that in allocating limited project resources to improve the safety of subway projects, managers should focus on: developing safety knowledge and positive attitudes in leadership teams; formulating effective risk management systems to identify, assess, mitigate, measure and monitor safety risks on site; improving communications with stakeholders about these risks and effectively managing plant, equipment and machinery.Originality/valueThis research contributes a new multi-stakeholder perspective to the lack of safety research in Chinese subway construction projects. The research findings provide important new insights for policymakers and managers in improving safety outcomes on these major projects, producing potentially significant social and economic benefits for society and the construction industry.
Organizational identification perceptions and millennials' creativity: testing the mediating role of work engagement and the moderating role of work values
Authors: Hui Li , Qun Wang , Nazir Sajjad , Mengyu Zhao , Asadullah Muhammad Ali , Khadim Sahar 
Published: September 2020

PurposeMillennial-generation employees need to stimulate their creativity to produce innovative ideas, services and products for organizations to flourish and succeed. The main purpose of this research was to discover the mechanism through which organization identification influences employees' creativity in the Chinese organizational context. Particularly, we proposed the mediating role of work engagement and the moderating role of work values in the relationship.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey was utilized to collect the data from 281 employees working in China. Hierarchical regression was utilized to analyze the data.FindingsThe findings reveal that organizational identification significantly influences the creativity of millennial employees; work engagement plays a positive mediating role between organizational identification and employee creativity. Moreover, work values of millennial generation employees, specifically utilitarian orientation, intrinsic preferences, interpersonal harmony and innovation orientation have a positive moderating effect between work engagement and employee creativity.Originality/valueThis study recognizes and analyzes the mechanism underlying the influence of organizational identification and recommends that work engagement is a crucial mediator of the complicated relationship between organizational identification and employee creativity. Consequently, this study is the key effort for millennial employees’ work values and engagement to explore employee creativity in Chinese cultural context and also suggests important theoretical and practical implications.
On bio-convection thermal radiation in Darcy – Forchheimer flow of nanofluid with gyrotactic motile microorganism under Wu’s slip over stretching cylinder/plate
Authors: Waqas H. , Imran M. , Muhammad Taseer , Sait Sadiq M. , Ellahi R. 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to discuss the Darcy–Forchheimer nanoliquid bio-convection flow by stretching cylinder/plate with modified heat and mass fluxes, activation energy and gyrotactic motile microorganism features.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed flow model is based on flow rate, temperature of nanomaterials, volume fraction of nanoparticles and gyrotactic motile microorganisms. Heat and mass transport of nanoliquid is captured by the usage of popular Buongiorno relation, which allows us to evaluate novel characteristics of thermophoresis diffusion and Brownian movement. Additionally, Wu’s slip (second-order slip) mechanisms with double stratification are incorporated. For numerical and graphical results, the built-in bvp4c technique in computational software MATLAB along with shooting technique is used.

Findings
The influence of key elements is illustrated pictorially. Velocity decays for higher magnitude of first- and second-order velocity slips and bioconvection Rayleigh number. The velocity of fluid has an inverse relation with mixed convection parameter and local inertia coefficient. Temperature field enhances with the increase in estimation of thermal stratification Biot number and radiation parameter. A similar situation for concentration field is observed for mixed convection parameter and concentration relaxation parameter. Microorganism concentration profile decreases for higher values of bioconvection Lewis number and Peclet number. A detail discussion is given to see how the graphical aspects justify the physical ones.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, original research work is not yet available in existing literature.
Describing the experiences of older persons with visual impairments during COVID-19 in rural Ghana
Authors: Kwegyir Tsiboe Ariel 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
This study aims to describe the lived experiences among older persons with disability during the coronavirus pandemic in rural Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on a qualitative methodology consistent with a phenomenological approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis.

Findings
During the pandemic, care rendered to older persons with disabilities by their caregivers easily declined because of the lockdown measure. This made the participants suffer in profound loneliness and hunger, and forced some to generate suicidal thoughts. On the other hand, the participants who lived with their family members were also kept indoors for several weeks to reduce their chances of contracting the virus. This was because participants’ family members loosed confidence in the Ghanaian health-care system in protecting their older relatives.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to explore the experiences of older persons with disabilities during coronavirus disease 2019 in rural Ghana. The Ghanaian Government should consider formalized care to ensure continued care of older persons with disabilities especially during pandemics and future related uncertainties.
Improving well-being in dementia care for clients and carers
Authors: Riachi Rhonda , Markwell Sally 
Published: September 2020

Purpose
This paper aims to highlight the results and emerging themes from a study concerning the effect of communication techniques that were tailored to each client in relation to the extent of their dementia. Dementia was viewed by the care workers primarily as a memory disability.

Design/methodology/approach
A short qualitative study of the communication techniques of care workers in England, who had received training in dementia care and some training in the SPECAL® method (Specialised Early Care for Alzheimer’s),was conducted through semi-structured interviews. Resulting data were analysed using a constructivist grounded theory approach.

Findings
Continued application of the SPECAL techniques appeared to reinforced clients’ sense of well-being and produced benefits for care workers’ own well-being.

Research limitations/implications
This small qualitative study suggests there can be beneficial effects for both clients and the care team when care workers tailor their communication behaviour to the needs of people with dementia. Further research on communication techniques in dementia care is needed and how these benefits might be translated into institutional settings.

Originality/value
Few research studies have been made of the SPECAL dementia care method, and this study was the first to look explicitly at the communication techniques that the care workers used with clients. Public health professionals are less likely to be aware of the SPECAL method.
CEO power and corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure: does stakeholder influence matter?
Authors: Rashid Afzalur , Shams Syed , Bose Sudipta , Khan Habib 
Published: September 2020

PurposeThis study examines the association between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) power and the level of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure, as well as the moderating role of stakeholder influence on this association.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of 986 Bangladeshi firm-year observations, this study uses a content analysis technique to develop a 24-item CSR disclosure index. The ordinary least squares regression method is used to estimate the research models, controlling for firm-specific factors that potentially affect the levels of CSR disclosure.FindingsThe study findings indicate that CEO power is negatively associated with the level of CSR disclosure, and that the negative effects of CEO power on the level of CSR disclosure are attenuated by stakeholder influence. CEO power is documented as reducing the positive impact of CSR disclosure on a firm’s financial performance, with this negative impact attenuated if stakeholders have greater influence on the firm.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that CEO power and stakeholder influence are important factors in determining firms’ incentives to disclose CSR information. Both CEO power and stakeholder influence need to be considered in the CSR – firm performance nexus, given the mixed findings documented in the literature.Originality/valueThis study makes a significant contribution to the literature on CSR practices by documenting that firms with a powerful CEO have lower levels of CSR disclosure, and that stakeholder influence affects CSR disclosure in the emerging economy context.
Effects of autologous micrografts on stable bilateral vitiligo: A focus on hand lesions
Authors: Menchini Giovanni , Astarita Carlo 
Published: September 2020

AbstractVitiligo is an autoimmune skin disorder characterized by depigmented patches of the skin associated with, among several factors, dysregulation and death of melanocytes. Currently, the treatment of vitiligo is based both on the arrest of the progression of active disease and on the stimulation of the skin repigmentation. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of autologous micrografts and narrowband ultraviolet B (NBUVB) phototherapy for skin repigmentation of patients with bilateral stable vitiligo. Autologous micrografts are derived from mechanical disaggregation of small pieces of the patient’s own skin, while phototherapy is a strategy treatment already used. Twenty patients with stable bilateral vitiligo were treated, showing a mean percentage rate of 59.1% at baseline. Combined treatment by autologous micrografts and NBUVB was performed only on the lesions of the hands, and the clinical follow up was performed after 3 and 6 months by photographs taken under Wood’s light. After 6 months, we classed 100% of patients as responders. We also reported a mean of repigmentation rate of 36.7% after 3 months and 64.6% after 6 months of treatment. In particular, six of the 20 patients reached a marked repigmentation rate (75–100%), four moderate (51–75%) and 10 mild (26–50%). No adverse effects were observed and no drugs were administrated as co‐adjuvant therapy. These results are suggestive of a potential wide use of autologous micrografts associated with NBUVB phototherapy for the treatment of stable vitiligo.
Wild guanacos as scapegoat for continued overgrazing by livestock across southern Patagonia
Authors: Marino Andrea , Rodríguez Victoria , Schroeder Natalia M. 
Published: September 2020

Abstract

In a recently published paper, Oliva et al. concluded that domestic grazing pressure across Patagonian rangelands approached carrying capacity due to decades of stock adjustment, but that guanaco overpopulation may have altered that balance. The authors argued that unless guanaco numbers are controlled, they will reduce forage available for domestic stock and will negatively affect rangelands. We consider that the herbivore‐stock analysis presented is inaccurate and deserves revision, and that the stated conclusions lack empirical support.

When the spatial distribution of herbivores is accounted for in the Oliva et al. analysis, domestic stock is far above carrying capacity, indicating that domestic overgrazing continues.

Theoretical and empirical evidence on bottom‐up regulation and competitive exclusion challenges the supposed guanaco overpopulation and the hypothetical reduction of forage available for livestock.

Even if guanaco numbers are reduced, grassland degradation and production losses will continue because their main drivers, domestic overstock and heterogeneous grazing, are still operating.

Synthesis and applications. Oversimplified models with poor ecological insight can lead to erroneous conclusions and misguide management decisions. The incorrect inference that Patagonian domestic stock is adjusted to carrying capacity could help to consolidate current domestic overgrazing by reducing incentives to improve livestock management practices. Regarding guanacos, a controversial species in an unfavourable context, control‐oriented harvest without a clear justification threatens populations’ viability and genuine attempts of productive diversification. Addressing relevant ecological processes, such as niche partitioning, competitive exclusion and population regulation, is essential to correctly assess joint carrying capacity in multi‐herbivore systems, as well as to identify the true factors driving degradation processes and to optimize rangeland use on a sustainable basis.
Spatial hierarchical partitioning of macrobenthic diversity of clam (Ruditapes) fishing grounds over a large geographical range of Japan
Authors: Takada Yoshitake , Uchida Motoharu , Tezuka Naoaki , Tsujino Mutsumi , Sawayama Shuhei , Kurogi Hiroaki , Ishihi Yuka , Watanabe Satoshi 
Published: September 2020

AbstractStudies on biodiversity management and conservation have often focused on tidal flats and estuaries. Macrobenthic assemblages in these habitats generally show local and geographical variations. Therefore, understanding about their spatial structure is important in assessing their biodiversity. This study aims to examine the spatial hierarchical composition of macrobenthic diversity inRuditapes philippinarumfishery grounds covering a large (1,700 km) geographic range of Japan. Four diversity measures according to the sensitivity parameterq= 0, 1, 2 and Inf were used to evaluate the contribution of four spatial levels (site, area, region and total). Observed assemblages had a few abundant and many rare taxonomic units. Although the abundant taxonomic units, includingRuditapes, occurred over larger spatial levels, the between‐region β diversity (diversity increment from the region to the total level) contributed most to the diversity of the total area. Comparisons of four diversity measures further revealed that the contributions of the between‐region β diversity were more pronounced in the rare taxonomic units than the abundant ones. Null model analysis confirmed these results although different null models generated some variations in the hierarchical composition of the diversities.
Natranaerofaba carboxydovora gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely haloalkaliphilic CO‐utilizing acetogen from a hypersaline soda lake representing a novel deep phylogenetic lineage in the class ‘Natranaerobiia’
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Diender Martijn , Merkel Alexander Y. , Koenen Michel , Bale Nicole J. , Pabst Martin , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. , Sousa Diana Z. 
Published: September 2020

SummaryAn anaerobic enrichment with CO from sediments of hypersaline soda lakes resulted in a methane‐forming binary culture, whereby CO was utilized by a bacterium and not the methanogenic partner. The bacterial isolate ANCO1 forms a deep‐branching phylogenetic lineage at the level of a new family within the class ‘Natranaerobiia’. It is an extreme haloalkaliphilic and moderate thermophilic acetogen utilizing CO, formate, pyruvate and lactate as electron donors and thiosulfate, nitrate (reduced to ammonia) and fumarate as electron acceptors. The genome of ANCO1 encodes a full Wood–Ljungdahl pathway allowing for CO oxidation and acetogenic conversion of pyruvate. A locus encoding Nap nitrate reductase/NrfA ammonifying nitrite reductase is also present. Thiosulfate respiration is encoded by a Phs/Psr‐like operon. The organism obviously relies on Na‐based bioenergetics, since the genome encodes for the Na+‐Rnf complex, Na+‐F1F0 ATPase and Na+‐translocating decarboxylase. Glycine betaine serves as a compatible solute. ANCO1 has an unusual membrane polar lipid composition dominated by diethers, more common among archaea, probably a result of adaptation to multiple extremophilic conditions. Overall, ANCO1 represents a unique example of a triple extremophilic CO‐oxidizing anaerobe and is classified as a novel genus and species Natranaerofaba carboxydovora in a novel family Natranaerofabacea.