bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Children's Temperament on How Parents Resolve Safety Disagreements During Preadolescence
Authors: Kane Alexa , Morrongiello Barbara A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Objectives
Parents play an important role in keeping their children safe. However, this becomes more difficult during preadolescence as children seek greater autonomy away from the direct supervision of adults. The current study focused on preadolescent youth (10–13 years) and examined parent–child disagreements about safety, with a focus on determining if child temperament attributes moderate the relation between how parents learn of these and resolve these disagreements.

Methods
A short-term longitudinal design was used. Parents and children retrospectively recalled safety disagreements together and then independently completed questionnaires about these. Parents then tracked disagreements over 1 month.

Results
The behavioral attributes of inhibitory control and risk-taking propensity both moderated the relationships between parental source of knowledge of safety disagreements and subsequent methods of resolution.

Conclusion
Safety-promotion messaging for parents of preadolescents may need to be tailored based on child attributes to maximize effectiveness.
BAT AGN spectroscopic survey - XV: the high frequency radio cores of ultra-hard X-ray selected AGN
Authors: Smith Krista Lynne , Mushotzky Richard F , Koss Michael , Trakhtenbrot Benny , Ricci Claudio , Wong O Ivy , Bauer Franz E , Ricci Federica , Vogel Stuart , Stern Daniel , Powell Meredith C , Urry C Meg , Harrison Fiona , Mejia-Restrepo Julian , Oh Kyuseok , Baek Junhyun , Chung Aeree 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We have conducted 22 GHz radio imaging at 1 arcsec resolution of 100 low-redshift AGN selected at 14–195 keV by the Swift-BAT. We find a radio core detection fraction of 96 per cent, much higher than lower frequency radio surveys. Of the 96 radio-detected AGN, 55 have compact morphologies, 30 have morphologies consistent with nuclear star formation, and 11 have sub-kpc to kpc-scale jets. We find that the total radio power does not distinguish between nuclear star formation and jets as the origin of the radio emission. For 87 objects, we use optical spectroscopy to test whether AGN physical parameters are distinct between radio morphological types. We find that X-ray luminosities tend to be higher if the 22 GHz morphology is jet-like, but find no significant difference in other physical parameters. We find that the relationship between the X-ray and core radio luminosities is consistent with the LR/LX ∼ 10−5 of coronally active stars. We further find that the canonical fundamental planes of black hole activity systematically overpredict our radio luminosities, particularly for objects with star formation morphologies.
A pixel space method for testing dipole modulation in the CMB polarization
Authors: Ghosh Shamik , Jain Pankaj 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
We introduce a pixel space method to detect dipole modulation or hemispherical power asymmetry in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization. The method relies on the use of squared total polarized flux whose ensemble average picks up a dipole due to the dipole modulation in the CMB polarization. The method is useful since it can be easily applied to partial sky. We define several statistics to characterize the amplitude of the detected signal. Through simulations, we show that the method can be used to reliably extract the signal at a 2.7σ level or higher in future CORE-like missions, assuming that the signal is present in the CMB polarization at the level detected by the Planck mission in the CMB temperature. An application of the method to the 2018 Planck data does not detect a significant effect, when taking into account the presence of correlated detector noise and residual systematics in the data. Using the Full Focal Plane 10, we find the presence of a very strong bias that might be masking any real effect.
Influence of porosity on high-velocity mass-asymmetric collisions
Authors: Planes María Belén , Millán Emmanuel N , Urbassek Herbert M , Bringa Eduardo M 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT
Using granular mechanics, we study the influence of porosity on the collisions of spherical granular aggregates with a mass ratio of around 60. At high filling factors, the projectile produces a crater on the target, similar to impacts on a granular bed. However, at low filling factors, the small projectile passes through the large target, strongly fragmenting it. By a consideration of the lateral grain velocities during the collision, we attribute this behaviour to the ‘piston effect’, in which the projectile loses momentum mainly to the grains below it. Due to an increase in grain–grain interactions as porosity decreases, the piston effect loses its importance for higher filling factors, ϕ ≳ 0.2. These results may prove useful in modelling collisions occurring in debris discs.
Approximate Random Allocation Mechanisms
Authors: Akbarpour Mohammad , Nikzad Afshin 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We generalize the scope of random allocation mechanisms, in which the mechanism first identifies a feasible “expected allocation” and then implements it by randomizing over nearby feasible integer allocations. The previous literature has shown that the cases in which this is possible are sharply limited. We show that if some of the feasibility constraints can be treated as goals rather than hard constraints, then, subject to weak conditions that we identify, any expected allocation that satisfies all the constraints and goals can be implemented by randomizing among nearby integer allocations that satisfy all the hard constraints exactly and the goals approximately. By defining ex post utilities as goals, we are able to improve the ex post properties of several classic assignment mechanisms, such as the random serial dictatorship. We use the same approach to prove the existence of $\epsilon$-competitive equilibrium in large markets with indivisible items and feasibility constraints.
A new species of Bottosaurus (Alligatoroidea: Caimaninae) from the Black Peaks Formation (Palaeocene) of Texas indicates an early radiation of North American caimanines
Authors: Cossette Adam P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Morphological and molecular data suggest a close relationship for alligators and caimans. The first fossil appearances combined with phylogenetic hypotheses suggest a divergence of the groups near the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary, but the early fossil record of Caimaninae is incomplete, and large gaps exist between the earliest representatives of the group. A new caimanine from lower Palaeocene (Tiffanian) deposits in the Black Peaks Formation of Brewster County, Texas is established upon two specimens of different size that bear similarities to Bottosaurus harlani from the uppermost Cretaceous and lowermost Palaeogene of New Jersey. The larger individual consists of a partial skull and lower jaw in addition to postcranial material. The smaller individual preserves a snout and posterior portions of the skull. Both specimens suggest an animal with a comparatively short, flat, broad snout. Species of Bottosaurus share diagnostic morphological character states but are differentiated in meaningful ways. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the new species is sister to B. harlani, indicates an early radiation of North American caimanines and elucidates a more complicated biogeographical history than previously hypothesized. A growing body of evidence suggests that Caimaninae may be diagnosed by ancestral characters, potentially drawing basal alligatoroids crownwards in phylogenetic trees.
Do Professionalism Lapses in Medical School Predict Problems in Residency and Clinical Practice?
Authors: Krupat Edward , Dienstag Jules L. , Padrino Susan L. , Mayer John E. , Shore Miles F. , Young Aaron , Chaudhry Humayun J. , Pelletier Stephen R. , Reis Ben Y. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
Recognizing that physicians must exhibit high levels of professionalism, researchers have attempted to identify the precursors of clinicians’ professionalism difficulties, typically using retrospective designs that trace sanctioned physicians back to medical school. To better establish relative risk for professionalism lapses in practice, however, this relationship must also be studied prospectively. Therefore, this study investigated the sequelae of medical school professionalism lapses by following students with medical school professionalism problems into residency and practice.

Method
Beginning in 2014, 108 graduates from Harvard Medical School and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine who appeared before their schools’ review boards between 1993 and 2007 for professionalism-related reasons were identified, as well as 216 controls matched by sex, minority status, and graduation year. Prematriculation information and medical school performance data were collected for both groups. Outcomes for the groups were studied at 2 points in time: ratings by residency directors, and state medical board sanctions and malpractice suits during clinical practice.

Results
Compared with controls, students who appeared before their schools’ review boards were over 5 times more likely to undergo disciplinary review during residency (16% vs 3%, respectively) and almost 4 times more likely to require remediation or counseling (35% vs 9%, respectively). During clinical practice, 10% of those who had made review board appearances were sued or sanctioned vs 5% of controls. Logistic regression for these outcomes indicated, however, that professional lapses in medical school were not the only, or even the most important, predictor of problems in practice.

Conclusions
Students with professionalism lapses in medical school are significantly more likely to experience professionalism-related problems during residency and practice, although other factors may also play an important predictive role.
A quantitative analysis of deltoid lengthening and deltoid-related complications after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: A retrospective case-control study
Authors: Acott Thomas R. , Brolin Tyler J. , Azar Frederick M. , Smith Richard A. , Throckmorton Thomas W. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Over-lengthening of the deltoid has been hypothesized to increase the risk of specific complications, including acromial fractures, deltoid dehiscence or rupture, and prolonged deltoid pain. We hypothesized that progressive deltoid lengthening would be associated with an increasing number of these complications and that there would be a threshold of deltoid length beyond which these complications would be more common.

Methods:
After database review, three patient cohorts were established for comparison: nine patients with deltoid-related complications (acromial fractures and deltoid dehiscence) and four with persistent deltoid pain and/or tightness that persisted at least 2 yr postoperatively; these were matched with a 1:2 control group drawn from the same database (26 patients without these complications).

Results:
The overall average deltoid lengthening was 20.6 mm. For patients with acromial fractures or deltoid dehiscence, the length averaged 28.5 mm; for patients with persistent deltoid pain, the average length was 26.3 mm; and for controls, the length was 17.0 mm.

Conclusions:
Sufficient deltoid tensioning is vital to the stability of a reverse prosthesis as well as patient range of motion and outcomes; however, increased deltoid lengthening during reverse total shoulder arthroplasty increases the risk of postoperative tension-related complications. These data suggest that lengthening more than 26 mm is a risk factor for deltoid-related complications after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Protective Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate on Endothelial Disorders in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Yamagata Kazuo 
Published: January 2020

Abstract:
Healthy vascular endothelial cells regulate vascular tone and permeability, prevent vessel wall inflammation, enhance thromboresistance, and contribute to general vascular health. Furthermore, they perform important functions including the production of vasoactive substances such as nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors, as well as the regulation of smooth muscle cell functions. Conversely, vascular endothelial dysfunction leads to atherosclerosis, thereby enhancing the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, and other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Observational studies and randomized trials showed that green tea intake was inversely related to CVD risk. Furthermore, evidence indicates that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) found in green tea might exert a preventive effect against CVDs. EGCG acts as an antioxidant, inducing NO release and reducing endothelin-1 production in endothelial cells. EGCG enhances the bioavailability of normal NO by reducing levels of the endogenous NO inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine. Furthermore, it inhibits the enhanced expression of adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and attenuates monocyte adhesion. In addition, EGCG prevents enhanced oxidative stress through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. These effects indicate that it might prevent the production of reactive oxygen species, inhibit inflammation, and reduce endothelial cell apoptosis during the initial stages of atherosclerosis. The current review summarizes recent research in this area and discusses novel findings regarding the protective effect of EGCG on endothelial dysfunction and CVDs in general.
A Phase 1 Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Observer-blinded Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of Inactivated Streptococcus pneumoniae Whole-cell Vaccine in Adults
Authors: Keech Cheryl A. , Morrison Royce , Anderson Porter , Tate Andrea , Flores Jorge , Goldblatt David , Briles David , Hural John , Malley Richard , Alderson Mark R. 
Published: January 2020

Background:
Broadly protective pneumococcal vaccines that are affordable for low-resource countries are needed. Streptococcus pneumoniae whole cell vaccine (wSp) is an investigational vaccine that contains killed cells from a nonencapsulated strain of S. pneumoniae (SPn) with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. Studies in mice demonstrated protection against nasopharyngeal carriage (T-cell-mediated) and invasive pneumococcal disease (antibody-mediated). The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 1 study was to assess safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of wSp in healthy adults.

Methods:
Forty-two participants were randomized into 3 dose cohorts to receive 0.1, 0.3, or 0.6 mg of wSp or saline intramuscularly. Participants received a 3-dose vaccination schedule spaced by 4-week intervals. Postvaccination assessments included solicited reactogenicity events through day 7, blood chemistry and hematology assessments at day 7, and adverse events (AEs) through day 84. Participants were monitored for serum antibody and peripheral blood mononuclear cell cytokine responses to pneumococcal antigens. A 6-month telephone follow-up was completed to assess for any additional AEs.

Results:
wSp was safe and well tolerated. Reactogenicity was acceptable and no untoward safety signals were observed. wSp elicited potentially clinically significant rises (defined arbitrarily as at least a 2-fold rise) in immunoglobulin G responses to multiple pneumococcal antigens, including pneumococcal surface protein A and pneumolysin. Functional antibody responses were observed with the highest dose of wSp (0.6 mg). Increases in T-cell cytokine responses, including interleukin 17A, were also seen among wSp vaccines.

Conclusions:
wSp was safe and well tolerated in healthy US adults, eliciting pneumococcal antigen-specific antibody and T-cell cytokine responses.
Lacrimal Gland Botulinum Toxin Injection Versus Simple Glandular Needling: Histopathological and Electron Microscopic Evidence and Potential Clinical Implications
Authors: Trakos Nikolaos , Singh Swati , Mishra Dilip Kumar , Ali Mohammad Javed 
Published: January 2020

Purpose:
To investigate the histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the lacrimal glands (LGs) of rabbits following either botulinum toxin (BTX) injection or simple glandular needling.

Methods:
Twenty-four LGs of 24 eyes of 12 healthy New Zealand white rabbits were included in the study. Of these, 4 LGs of 4 eyes of 2 rabbits were used as controls. In the intervention group, all the right LG received 5 U in 0.1 ml of BTX-A (Botox, Allergan, Dublin, Ireland) and the left LG received simple glandular needling under general anesthesia. The BTX-A was injected directly into the LG via the transconjunctival route under direct visualization. For simple needling, 5 LG passes were made through a single-entry point using a 29-gauge needle mounted on an empty tuberculin syringe. The rabbits did not receive any postoperative medications other than lubricants. The rabbits were sacrificed at 8 weeks and the 20 treated and 4 control LG’s were retrieved for histopathological and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis as per standard protocols.

Results:
In comparison to the control LG samples, both the treated groups showed pathological changes, which were more pronounced in the simple needling group. The BTX-A-treated LGs showed mild to moderate acinar atrophy, few degenerating acini and patchy chronic inflammatory infiltrates with thick hyalinized collagen within the glandular stroma. TEM analysis showed the cytosol of few acinar cells to contain vacuoles and autophagosomes with marginal chromatin condensation of the nucleus and an eccentric nucleolus. The LGs treated with simple needling showed marked pathological changes which include moderate to severe, focal, and diffuse acinar atrophy, dense stromal fibrosis, inflammatory infiltrates, and peri-vasculitis. TEM analysis showed focal disorganized acinar morphology, loss of intra-acinar and ductal architecture, and needle track zones with surrounding fibrotic areas.

Conclusions:
Histopathological and ultrastructural changes were noted in the LGs treated with BTX-A and simple glandular needling. Simple needling of the LG has the prospect to be an effective and cheaper alternative to BTX-A.
Obesity Increases Costs With Productivity Loss Due to Disability Retirements, Independent of Physical Activity
Authors: Araujo Monique Yndawe Castanho , Norberto Maria Carolina Castanho Saes , Mantovani Alessandra Madia , Turi-Lynch Bruna Camilo , Santos Lionai Lima dos , Ricardo Suelen Jane , Morais Luana Carolina de , Codogno Jamile Sanches 
Published: January 2020

Objective:
Investigate whether obesity is responsible for costs due to productivity loss (PL) in adults, during 30 months of follow-up.

Methods:
Absenteeism and disability retirement were considered as PL. For classification of obesity, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) values were considered. The statistical software BioEstat (release 5.0) was used and the significance level was set at P value < 0.05.

Results:
For the men, BMI and WC accounted for ∼60% and ∼30% of retirement due to disability (P = 0.001). For the women, this percentage represented ∼19% for BMI and ∼8% for WC, both P < 0.05. Physical activity was not a significant confounder in any of the analyses (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Total and abdominal obesity were responsible for increased costs from PL due to early retirement among adults aged 50 years or older.
Yoga and Tai Chi: a mind–body approach in managing respiratory symptoms in obstructive lung diseases
Authors: Ratarasarn Kavita , Kundu Anjana 
Published: January 2020

Purpose of review
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation because of airway and/or alveolar abnormalities. Symptoms include dyspnea, cough, chronic sputum production. As the third-ranked cause of death as well as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), it poses a significant burden on patients, families, healthcare system and society. Regular physical activity is linked to decrease in morbidity and mortality associated with COPD, but implementation remains challenging. There is a need for community-based interventions that promote physical activity. Yoga and Tai Chi are widely available in the community and have been shown to be beneficial in patients with COPD as well as many of the co-morbid conditions associated with COPD.

Recent findings
Yoga and Tai Chi have been found to be more effective than usual care in COPD with clinically meaningful improvements in 6-min walk distance (6MWD), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). They have also been found to be comparable to pulmonary rehabilitation interventions.

Summary
Yoga and Tai Chi provide community-based options for patients with COPD to improve their physical activity, quality of life, and pulmonary function.
Fetal outcomes after intentional ingestion of paraquat
Authors: Chen Jianshi , Jian Xiangdong , Yu Guangcai , Si Min , Kan Baotian 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Rationale:
Despite the fact that treatment of paraquat poisoning in pregnant women and their fetuses is challenging and raises ethical issues, it is rarely reported in the literature. We report the case of a pregnant woman who took paraquat intentionally.

Patient concerns:
A 36-year-old woman at 38+ weeks gestational age, in an apparent suicide attempt, drank 1 mouthful (about 20 ml) of paraquat solution. Ten hours later, her urine dithionate test showed light blue color with a plasma paraquat concentration of 0.547 μg/ml. Six hours after admission, a male infant, whose plasma paraquat concentration was 0.761 μg/ml, together with 0.673 μg/ml in the amniotic fluid measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, was delivered but the woman's lung, liver, and kidney function declined rapidly.

Diagnosis:

Interventions:
Because of placenta previa and multiple organ failure, emergency cesarean section, and panhysterectomy were performed for the pregnant woman. Intravenous injection of antibiotic to prevent infection and dexamethasone 30 mg once a day were administered. Mechanical ventilation was performed for the infant and meropenem and penicillin injection was administered.

Outcomes:
The infant died 33 hours after birth while the mother died on the 3rd day after ingestion.

Lessons:
Paraquat can enter the fetus through the placenta and the amniotic fluid via fluid exchange. The pathological changes of fetal organs may relate to gestational age, and the prognosis was very poor in both the mother and the fetus.
Dietary meat intake and risk of asthma in children
Authors: Zhang Dan , Cao Lihua , Wang Zhenshan , Wang Zhenqiang 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background:
Many studies have been reported that dietary meat intake may be associated with the risk of asthma in children, but the results are inconsistent. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of meat on the risk of asthma in children.

Methods:
The databases PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated with random-effect model using Stata software.

Results:
A total of 9 articles were included in this meta-analysis. Results from our study suggest that dietary meat intake 3 or more times per week compared with never/occasionally intake has no significant association with asthma risk among children (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 0.80–2.01, P = .308). Similarly, daily intake of meat did not affect the risk of asthma in children when compared with never/occasionally intake (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.93–1.37, P = 0.234). In addition, no publication biases were detected in our meta-analysis.

Conclusion:
Dietary meat intake most probably is not a risk factor for asthma in children. Due to some limitations that exist in our study, more studies are needed to further assess the association between meat intake and asthma risk in children.