bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in obesity and blood lipid abnormalities in school‐age children in Japan
Authors: Tanaka Hisako , Morisaki Naho , Piedvache Aurelie , Harada Shohei , Urayama Kevin Y. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundObesity in children is a public health concern in Japan. To evaluate the current state of the obesity problem and inform future directions, we aimed to provide an updated account of secular trends in the percentage of overweight (POW) children by gender and school grade, and evaluate changes in POW after participation in the obesity health screening.MethodsThe current study utilized aggregated data from the Setagaya Ward, Tokyo, public elementary and middle school populations from 2009 to 2018. Data on the percentage of overweight ≥ 30% (POW‐30) and percentage of abnormal blood test results were examined by year, gender, and school grade level. Individual‐level data from 2015 to 2017 in children who participated in a follow‐up obesity health screening were evaluated for changes in median POW.ResultsA decreasing trend in students with a POW‐30 was observed from 2009 to 2011, with rates stabilizing thereafter. The highest proportions of POW‐30 were observed in 2010 (4.8% in middle school boys; 2.8% in middle school girls). From third grade, the difference in percentage by gender appeared to get increasingly larger until the beginning of middle school. Among obesity health screening participants, abnormal blood tests for total cholesterol and triglycerides showed a slightly increasing trend over time, and changes in POW after screening were greatest for middle school students.ConclusionsIncreases in obesity were not observed in Setagaya Ward public school students since 2010, but disparities exist by gender and grade level, suggesting that tailored intervention strategies may be useful to optimize aspects of the obesity health screening program.
Fluorographic findings of diaphragmatic paralysis with spontaneous recovery
Authors: Hosokawa Takahiro , Shibuki Saki , Tanami Yutaka , Sato Yumiko , Ko Yoshihiro , Nomura Koji , Oguma Eiji 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative diaphragmatic paralysis is an unavoidable complication of cardiovascular surgery. Although diaphragmatic plication, as a surgical treatment, can be performed, spontaneous recovery is possible. We aimed to identify differences in fluorographic findings of diaphragmatic paralysis between pediatric patients with and without spontaneous recovery within 1 year of intrathoracic surgery.MethodsTen children, who had been followed‐up for at least 1 year post‐surgery and who had not received diaphragmatic plication were included and classified into those with or without spontaneous recovery. The presence or absence of the paradoxical movement of the diaphragm and mediastinum was evaluated based on fluorographic findings. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the presence or absence of paradoxical movement between the groups.ResultsEight patients experienced spontaneous recovery. The mean ± standard deviation time to spontaneous recovery was 150 ± 114 days (range, 18–338 days). In the spontaneous recovery group, no patient had paradoxical movement of the mediastinum, and a significant between‐group difference was observed in the presence of the paradoxical movement of the mediastinum (present/absent in patients with vs. without spontaneous recovery: 0/8 vs. 2/0, P = 0.02). There was no significant between‐group difference in paradoxical movement of the diaphragm (present/absent in patients with vs. without spontaneous recovery: 1/7 vs. 2/0, P = 0.07). Pediatric patients without paradoxical movement of the mediastinum spontaneously recovered within 1 year of intrathoracic surgery.ConclusionsPediatric patients without paradoxical movement of the mediastinum, based on fluorography findings, spontaneously recovered within 1 year of surgery. The timing of spontaneous recovery varied between cases.
Mutualistic and antagonistic interactions differ in wild and domesticated papaya (Carica papaya) in its centre of origin
Authors: Pacheco‐Huh J. , Carmona D. , Dzib G. , Chávez‐Pesqueira M. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Shifts in phenotypes derived from the domestication syndromes impact plant performance but may also affect interactions with other species in the community (e.g. mutualists and antagonists). Moreover, plantations often differ from the natural conditions experienced by the wild relatives of cultivated plants, potentially altering the nature of ecological interactions. However, apart from herbivory, little is known about how domestication and cultivation practices (e.g. insecticide application) can modify multiple ecological interactions simultaneously in wild and domesticated plants.

In four sites on the Yucatan Peninsula, we compared the diversity of mutualists (e.g. moths) and antagonists (e.g. viruses) in wild and domesticated plants of papaya. For each individual, we recorded floral visitors and rates of visitation at three time periods during the day. We recorded type and percentage of damage by antagonists in three leaves of all individuals. Finally, we explored if plant sex had an effect on the interaction with floral visitors.

The main floral visitors were ants and Trigona species, whereas viruses caused the main type of foliar damage. Wild individuals had a higher diversity and visitation rate of floral visitors, and less foliar damage from antagonists. Wild male individuals were more visited, but we observed a similar amount and diversity of damage in both sexes. The time of day did not have an effect on diversity of floral visitors.

Together, cultivation practices and domestication appear to have an effect on the reduction in diversity of floral visitors in domesticated papaya, as well as an increase in foliar damage.
On Probability Distributions of the Time Deviation Law of Container Liner Ships Under Interference Uncertainty
Authors: Song Yunting , Wang Nuo 
Published: November 2020

AbstractContainer liner shipping is a kind of transportation mode that is operated according to a schedule. Although the goal is to operate container liner ships on time, the actual arrival time and handling time often deviate from the schedule due to uncertain factors. The identification of a proper probability distribution to describe time deviation law will have a significant impact on accurately recognizing the uncertainty of the operation of container liner ships. In view of this problem, this paper discusses the basic characteristics of container liner ships’ operation time, analyses the properties of relevant probability distributions, and selects representative container ports around the world to collect data on the container liner ships’ operation time for statistical verification. The results show that under schedule constraints and interference uncertainty, the time deviation presents a specific state between a fixed length and random distribution that conforms to the properties of an Erlang distribution. Given that container liner shipping follows the same operation rules worldwide, it is reasonable to deduce that the time deviation law could be generalized to other container ports. Finally, the practical value of this study is demonstrated through quantitative evaluation of port congestion degree under various probabilistic models.
Determinants of foreign direct investment from Europe to Asia
Authors: Nguyen Anh T. N. , Cieślik Andrzej 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThis study examines the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) from Europe to Asia based on the knowledge‐capital model. The data include 38 European countries and 24 host Asian countries over the period 1995–2013. Empirical evidence from Poisson‐pseudo maximum likelihood estimation method is in line with hypothesised predictions derived from the knowledge‐capital model. In particular, the total income and the similarity in market size between two countries encourage horizontal FDI. We also find empirical support to vertical FDI in Asia where the difference in skilled labour endowments between European source and Asia host countries has a positive impact on FDI from Europe to Asia. Meanwhile, investment costs in Asian countries, trade costs to both source and host countries, and exchange rate volatility are negatively correlated to FDI. By contrast, sharing a common language, a bilateral investment treaty and a historical colonial relationship encourage FDI from Europe to Asia. In addition, heterogeneities in host countries’ geographical regions, exchange rate regimes, and governance system, and source countries’ Eurozone membership lead to differences in empirical findings. The results also signal some future trends and the roles of governments in both source and host countries in facilitating FDI.
Effect of Mental Calculation and Number Comparison on a Manual-Pointing Movement
Authors: Khayat Joy , Champely Stéphane , Diab Ahmad , Rifai Sarraj Ahmad , Fargier Patrick 
Published: November 2020

The present study aimed at examining the effect of mental calculation and number comparison on motor performance measured as the movement time of a fast manual-pointing movement. Three experiments, involving a total number of 65 undergraduate subjects, examined the effect of mental subtraction (complex) and, respectively, of (a) mental addition (simple or complex), (b) mental multiplication (simple or complex), and (c) the comparison of dot sets and number comparison. Each number was written in Arabic. The movement times were analyzed by using a multilevel linear mixed-effect model. The results showed significant improvement of manual-pointing movement performance only after the complex calculations and after number comparison. Possible implication of attentional mechanisms specific to this arithmetical activity is further discussed.
Design of a brief psychological intervention for youth who self-harm: a formative study in India
Authors: Aggarwal Shilpa , Patton George , Berk Michael , Patel Vikram 
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThere is an urgent need for context-specific research leading to development of scalable interventions to address self-harm and suicide in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).ObjectiveThe current study was conducted to determine the contents of a psychological intervention to reduce recurrence of self-harm and improve functioning in youth who self-harm in India and finalise its delivery mechanisms.MethodsA systematic, sequential approach was used to integrate available scientific evidence, expert service providers’ knowledge and experience, and service users’ lived experiences in the codesigning and development of a psychological intervention. The steps included: identifying prioritised outcomes for youth who self-harm as well as a selection of feasible and acceptable elements from self-harm interventions that have been trialled in LMICs, intervention development workshops with mental health professionals and youth to finalise elements, a review of relevant treatment manuals to decide on the treatment framework, and finalising the treatment structure and schedule in the second round of intervention development workshops.FindingsWe developed ATMAN treatment with three key elements; problem solving, emotion regulation and social network strengthening skills. The delivery schedule emphasises on the engagement elements, and allows for involvement of other stakeholders such as family members when acceptable to the clients.Conclusion and clinical implicationsATMAN treatment could prove to be especially effective in reducing self-harm recurrence in youth in India due to its brief schedule, elements that have been selected in collaboration with the service users and its potential to be scaled up for delivery by non-specialist treatment providers.
Serum glucose excretion after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a potential target for diabetes treatment
Authors: Kwon In Gyu , Kang Chan Woo , Park Jong-Pil , Oh Ju Hun , Wang Eun Kyung , Kim Tae Young , Sung Jin Sol , Park Namhee , Lee Yang Jong , Sung Hak-Joon , Lee Eun Jig , Hyung Woo Jin , Shin Su-Jin , Noh Sung Hoon , Yun Mijin , Kang Won Jun , Cho Arthur , Ku Cheol Ryong 
Published: November 2020

ObjectiveThe mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes resolution after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are unclear. We suspected that glucose excretion may occur in the small bowel based on observations in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms underlying serum glucose excretion in the small intestine and its contribution to glucose homeostasis after bariatric surgery.Design2-Deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) was measured in RYGB-operated or sham-operated obese diabetic rats. Altered glucose metabolism was targeted and RNA sequencing was performed in areas of high or low FDG uptake in the ileum or common limb. Intestinal glucose metabolism and excretion were confirmed using 14C-glucose and FDG. Increased glucose metabolism was evaluated in IEC-18 cells and mouse intestinal organoids. Obese or ob/ob mice were treated with amphiregulin (AREG) to correlate intestinal glycolysis changes with changes in serum glucose homeostasis.ResultsThe AREG/EGFR/mTOR/AKT/GLUT1 signal transduction pathway was activated in areas of increased glycolysis and intestinal glucose excretion in RYGB-operated rats. Intraluminal GLUT1 inhibitor administration offset improved glucose homeostasis in RYGB-operated rats. AREG-induced signal transduction pathway was confirmed using IEC-18 cells and mouse organoids, resulting in a greater capacity for glucose uptake via GLUT1 overexpression and sequestration in apical and basolateral membranes. Systemic and local AREG administration increased GLUT1 expression and small intestinal membrane translocation and prevented hyperglycaemic exacerbation.ConclusionBariatric surgery or AREG administration induces apical and basolateral membrane GLUT1 expression in the small intestinal enterocytes, resulting in increased serum glucose excretion in the gut lumen. Our findings suggest a novel, potentially targetable glucose homeostatic mechanism in the small intestine.
Modelling the contribution that different sexual practices involving the oropharynx and saliva have on
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
infections at multiple anatomical sites in men who have sex with men
Authors: Xu Xianglong , Chow Eric P F , Ong Jason J , Hoebe Christian J P A , Williamson Deborah , Shen Mingwang , Kong Fabian Yuh Shiong , Hocking Jane S , Fairley Christopher K , Zhang Lei 
Published: November 2020

Background

The spectrum of sexual practices that transmit
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
in men who have sex with men (MSM) is controversial. No studies have modelled potential
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
transmission when one sexual practice follows another in the same sexual encounter (‘sequential sexual practices’). Our aim was to test what sequential practices were necessary to replicate the high proportion of MSM who have more than one anatomical site infected with gonorrhoea (‘multisite infection’).

Methods
To test our aim, we developed eight compartmental models. We first used a baseline model (model 1) that included no sequential sexual practices. We then added three possible sequential transmission routes to model 1: (1) oral sex followed by anal sex (or vice versa) (model 2); (2) using saliva as a lubricant for penile–anal sex (model 3) and (3) oral sex followed by oral–anal sex (rimming) or vice versa (model 4). The next four models (models 5–8) used combinations of the three transmission routes.

Results
The baseline model could only replicate infection at the single anatomical site and underestimated multisite infection. When we added the three transmission routes to the baseline model, oral sex, followed by anal sex or vice versa, could replicate the prevalence of multisite infection. The other two transmission routes alone or together could not replicate multisite infection without the inclusion of oral sex followed by anal sex or vice versa.

Conclusions
Our gonorrhoea model suggests sexual practices that involve oral followed by anal sex (or vice versa) may be important for explaining the high proportion of multisite infection.
Sexually transmitted infections among women randomised to depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, a copper intrauterine device or a levonorgestrel implant
Authors: Deese Jennifer , Philip Neena , Lind Margaret , Ahmed Khatija , Batting Joanne , Beksinska Mags , Edward Vinodh A , Louw Cheryl E , Onono Maricianah , Palanee-Phillips Thesla , Smit Jennifer A , Baeten Jared M , Donnell Deborah , Mastro Timothy D , Mugo Nelly R , Nanda Kavita , Rees Helen , Morrison Charles 
Published: November 2020

ObjectivesReproductive aged women are at risk of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STI). Understanding drivers of STI acquisition, including any association with widely used contraceptives, could help us to reduce STI prevalence and comorbidities. We compared the risk of STI among women randomised to three contraceptive methods.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis to assess the risk of chlamydia and gonorrhoea in a clinical trial evaluating HIV risk among 7829 women aged 16–35 randomised to intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-IM), a copper intrauterine device (IUD) or a levonorgestrel (LNG) implant. We estimated chlamydia and gonorrhoea prevalences by contraceptive group and prevalence ratios (PR) using log-binomial regression.ResultsAt baseline, chlamydia and gonorrhoea prevalences were 18% and 5%, respectively. Final visit chlamydia prevalence did not differ significantly between DMPA-IM and copper IUD groups or between copper IUD and LNG implant groups. The DMPA-IM group had significantly lower risk of chlamydia compared with the LNG implant group (PR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.95). Final visit gonorrhoea prevalence differed significantly only between the DMPA-IM and the copper IUD groups (PR 0.67, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.87).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that chlamydia and gonorrhoea risk may vary with contraceptive method use. Further investigation is warranted to better understand the mechanisms of chlamydia and gonorrhoea susceptibility in the context of contraceptive use.
Consistent forest biomass stock and change estimation across stand, property, and landscape levels
Authors: Strîmbu Victor F. , Ørka Hans Ole , Næsset Erik 
Published: November 2020

Stimulating climate change mitigation actions in the forest sector requires methods to quantify the biomass stocks and changes at different geographical levels. Often, differences in data and estimation methods that are available at each level cause inconsistencies in forest parameters estimated at different levels. We propose a method to align model-based and model-assisted estimators to ensure cross-sectional and time series consistency of stock and change estimates of aboveground biomass (AGB). The method adjusts estimates within their confidence intervals using heuristic optimization to minimize the estimation errors. The method is evaluated under simulated sampling in a case study representing a forested area of approximately 50 km2 in southeastern Norway. The area is divided into 93 forest properties encompassing 3324 forest stands. The artificial forest population is generated for two time points using wall-to-wall airborne laser scanning data acquired in 2001 and 2016, as well as field surveys conducted within a similar timeframe. The adjusted AGB stock and change estimators at different levels of aggregation are compared with the original unadjusted estimators in terms of bias and root mean squared error (RMSE). The results show that the adjusted estimators do not introduce bias, and the increase in RMSE is small for the forest stand-level estimators, and even decreasing for the forest property-level estimators. The method can easily be adapted to complex systems of estimators that need to be consistent.
Kaon and pion parton distributions
Authors: Cui Z.-F. , Ding M. , Gao F. , Raya K. , Binosi D. , Chang L. , Roberts C. D. , Rodríguez-Quintero J. , Schmidt S. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBeginning with results for the leading-twist two-particle distribution amplitudes of $$\pi $$
π
- and K-mesons, each of which exhibits dilation driven by the mechanism responsible for the emergence of hadronic mass, we develop parameter-free predictions for the pointwise behaviour of all $$\pi $$
π
and K distribution functions (DFs), including glue and sea. The large-x behaviour of each DF meets expectations based on quantum chromodynamics; the valence-quark distributions match extractions from available data, including the pion case when threshold resummation effects are included; and at $$\zeta _5=5.2\,$$

ζ
5

=
5.2

GeV, the scale of existing measurements, the light-front momentum of these hadrons is shared as follows: $$\langle x_{\mathrm{valence}} \rangle ^\pi = 0.41(4)$$

⟨

x
valence

⟩

π

=
0.41

(
4
)

, $$\langle x_{\mathrm{glue}} \rangle ^\pi = 0.45(2)$$

⟨

x
glue

⟩

π

=
0.45

(
2
)

, $$\langle x_{\mathrm{sea}} \rangle ^\pi = 0.14(2)$$

⟨

x
sea

⟩

π

=
0.14

(
2
)

; and $$\langle x_{\mathrm{valence}} \rangle ^K = 0.42(3)$$

⟨

x
valence

⟩

K

=
0.42

(
3
)

, $$\langle x_{\mathrm{glue}} \rangle ^K = 0.44(2)$$

⟨

x
glue

⟩

K

=
0.44

(
2
)

, $$\langle x_{\mathrm{sea}} \rangle ^K = 0.14(2)$$

⟨

x
sea

⟩

K

=
0.14

(
2
)

. The kaon’s glue and sea distributions are similar to those in the pion, although the inclusion of mass-dependent splitting functions introduces some differences on the valence-quark domain. This study should stimulate improved analyses of existing data and motivate new experiments sensitive to all $$\pi $$
π
and K DFs. With little known empirically about the structure of the Standard Model’s (pseudo-) Nambu-Goldstone modes and analyses of existing, limited data being controversial, it is likely that new generation experiments at upgraded and anticipated facilities will provide the information needed to resolve the puzzles and complete the picture of these complex bound states.
The light MSSM Higgs boson mass for large $$\tan \beta $$ and complex input parameters
Authors: Bahl Henning , Sobolev Ivan , Weiglein Georg 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe discuss various improvements of the prediction for the light MSSM Higgs boson mass in the hybrid framework of the public code $$\texttt {FeynHiggs}$$
FeynHiggs
, which combines fixed-order and effective field theory results. First, we discuss the resummation of logarithmic contributions proportional to the bottom-Yukawa coupling including two-loop $$\Delta _b$$

Δ
b

resummation. For large $$\tan \beta $$

tan
β

, these improvements can lead to large upward shifts of the Higgs mass compared to the existing fixed-order calculations. Second, we improve the implemented EFT calculation by fully taking into account the effect of $$\mathcal{CP}$$
CP
-violating phases. As a third improvement, we discuss the inclusion of partial $$\hbox {N}^3$$

N
3

LL resummation. The presented improvements will be implemented into $$\texttt {FeynHiggs}$$
FeynHiggs
.