bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Next-generation technologies applied to age-old challenges in Madagascar
Authors: Blanco Marina B. , Greene Lydia K. , Rasambainarivo Fidisoa , Toomey Elizabeth , Williams Rachel C. , Andrianandrasana Lanto , Larsen Peter A. , Yoder Anne D. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMadagascar is a biodiversity hotspot that is facing rapid rates of deforestation, habitat destruction, and poverty. Urgent action is required to document the status of biodiversity to facilitate efficacious conservation plans. With the recent advent of portable and affordable genetic technologies, it is now possible to take genomic approaches out of the lab and into the field. Mobile genetics labs can produce scientifically reproducible data under field conditions, dramatically minimizing the time between sample collection and data analysis. Here, we show “proof of concept” by deploying miniPCR bio’s miniaturized thermal cycler alongside Oxford Nanopore’s MinION DNA sequencer in Madagascar. Specifically, we deployed this technology at Anjajavy, northwestern Madagascar for rapid biodiversity assessment. We successfully extracted mouse lemur DNA, amplified and sequenced a phylogenetically informative mitochondrial gene (cytochrome-b; cytb), and thereby confirmed the presence of Danfoss’ mouse lemur (M. danfossi) within the Anjajavy Reserve. We show that a mobile genetics lab can provide expeditious results, and allow scientists to conduct genetic analyses, potentially allowing for rapid interventions under emergency conditions in situ. Additionally, mobile labs offer powerful training opportunities for in-country scientists for whom training opportunities were previously confined to ex-situ locations. By bringing genomic technologies to Madagascar and other economically challenged and biodiverse regions of the world, the next generation of scientists and conservationists can more fully implement their leadership roles. Local laboratory and training facilities are changing the polarity of research programs in Madagascar and empowering national researchers to take charge of environmental stewardship.
Harnessing Mental Imagery and Enhancing Memory Specificity: Developing a Brief Early Intervention for Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence
Authors: Pile Victoria , Smith Patrick , Leamy Mary , Oliver Abigail , Blackwell Simon E. , Meiser-Stedman Richard , Dunn Barnaby D. , Holmes Emily A. , Lau Jennifer Y. F. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Treatment innovation for depressive symptoms in adolescence is urgently needed. Adult research suggests interventions targeting underlying cognitive mechanisms, such as dysfunctional mental imagery and overgeneral memory, are promising. Here, we describe and evaluate in a case series a brief imagery-based intervention for depressive symptoms that targets these cognitive mechanisms.

Methods
Nine participants completed the four-session intervention, whose principle components were imagery rescripting and memory specificity training. Questionnaires and experimental tasks (assessing symptomatology and cognitive mechanisms) were administered at three time points: pre-intervention, post-intervention and 3-month follow-up.

Results
The intervention was feasible to deliver and acceptable to participants. There was a large reduction in depression symptom scores from pre to post intervention (d = 1.32; 67% showed reliable improvement, RI) and this was maintained at follow-up (d = 1.46; RI = 75%). There were also reductions in anxiety (post: d = 1.15, RI = 44%; follow-up: d = 1.67, RI = 63%), increases in self-esteem (post: d = − 0.70, RI = 44%; follow-up: d = − 1.20, RI = 50%) and noteworthy changes in memory specificity (post: d = − 1.80, RI = 67%; follow-up: d = − 0.94, RI = 63%).

Conclusions
This is the first study to use imagery rescripting and memory specificity training in adolescence. Initial evidence is provided that the intervention is acceptable and may have clinical utility. Future randomised controlled trials are needed to further assess the intervention.
Cats singing in the dark? Spawning aggregations of sound-producing fish in Amazonian floodplain forests
Authors: van der Sleen Peter , Lugo-Carvajal Arnold , Zuanon Jansen , Holmgren Milena 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Amazon basin has a freshwater fish diversity comparable to a tropical sea. Although many Amazonian fish species are popular ornamental fish across the world, the ecology of most species in their natural habitat remains poorly known (van der Sleen and Albert 2017). We report on shoaling behavior inPlatydoras hancockiiin a floodplain forest of the middle Rio Negro, Brazil. As the shoal consisted of only adult males, whereas gravid females were caught individually in nearby areas, we hypothesize that this aggregation may relate to spawning. Moreover, considering thatPlatydoras hancockiiis capable of producing sounds, it is possible that these aggregations entail the formation of a chorus-like call with the function of attracting females from a larger area.
An Extensional Mereology for Structured Entities
Authors: Canavotto Ilaria , Giordani Alessandro 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we present an extensional system of mereology suitable to account for the intuitive distinction between heaplike and non-heaplike entities. Since the need to capture this distinction has been a key motivation for non-extensional mereologies, we first assess the main non-extensional systems advanced in the last years and highlight some mereological and metaphysical difficulties they involve. We then advance a novel program, according to which the distinction between heaplike and non-heaplike entities can be accounted for by bringing together the parthood relation characterized by classical extensional mereology and an Aristotelian extensional notion of potential parthood. Thus, while rejecting the thesis of mereological monism, our proposal is consistent with the thesis of mereological extensionalism. We show that within this framework it is possible to characterize the above-mentioned distinction, to define the relation of material constitution, and to capture three fundamental standpoints in metaphysics.
Expanding the Romantic Circle
Authors: Thau Tena 
Published: August 2020

AbstractOur romantic lives are influenced, to a large extent, by our perceptions of physical attractiveness – and the societal beauty standards that shape them. But what if we could free our desires from this fixation on looks? Science fiction writer Ted Chiang has explored this possibility in a fascinating short story – and scientific developments might, in the future, move it beyond the realm of fiction. In this paper, I lay out the prudential case for using “attraction-expanding technology,” and then consider it from a moral point of view. Using the technology would, in one respect, be morally good: it would benefit those whom prevailing beauty standards marginalize. But attraction-expanding technology also raises a moral concern – one that can be cast in non-harm-based and harm-based terms. I argue that the non-harm-based objection should be rejected, because it is incompatible with a moral principle central to queer rights. And the harm-based objection, I argue, is outweighed by the benefits of attraction-expanding technology, and undermined by the prerogative you have over your personal romantic choices. I conclude by considering whether, from the perspective of society, the development of attraction-expanding technology would be desirable.
TSCMF: Temporal and social collective matrix factorization model for recommender systems
Authors: Tahmasbi Hamidreza , Jalali Mehrdad , Shakeri Hassan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn real-world recommender systems, user preferences are dynamic and typically change over time. Capturing the temporal dynamics of user preferences is essential to design an efficient personalized recommender system and has recently attracted significant attention. In this paper, we consider user preferences change individually over time. Moreover, based on the intuition that social influence can affect the users’ preferences in a recommender system, we propose a Temporal and Social Collective Matrix Factorization model called TSCMF for recommendation. We jointly factorize the users’ rating information and social trust information in a collective matrix factorization framework by introducing a joint objective function. We model user dynamics into this framework by learning a transition matrix of user preferences between two successive time periods for each individual user. We present an efficient optimization algorithm based on stochastic gradient descent for solving the objective function. The experiments on a real-world dataset illustrate that the proposed model outperforms the competitive methods. Moreover, the complexity analysis demonstrates that the proposed model can be scaled up to large datasets.
Correlation of Acoustic Emission with Fractography in Bending of Glass–Epoxy Composites
Authors: Panek Maciej , Blazewicz Stanislaw , Konsztowicz Krzysztof J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractDamage processes in glass fiber reinforced plastic composites have been examined extensively by many analytical and experimental methods, including acoustic emission. While damage phenomena in mezo- and macro-scale are well described, the subtle mechanisms in micro-scale are still under discussion. The goal of this work was to apply the acoustic emission to examine damage initiation in fiber reinforced epoxy resin composites with different continuous glass-fiber architectures. Basic lay-ups were used: unidirectional, cross-ply and angle-ply, each with varying fiber volume content in epoxy matrix. Detection of fine micro-cracks was possible owing to merging the mechanical monotonic and step-load tests in 4-point bending with acoustic emission monitoring and detailed scanning electron microscopy observations. Clear images of macroscopically undamaged samples after interruption of step-loading cycles revealed the initiation of micro-cracks by debonding of fiber-matrix interfaces, in agreement with acoustic emission signal analyses, featuring use of historic index and rise time/amplitude ratio.
The foundations of the “public organisation”: governance failure and the problem of external effects
Authors: Sacchetti Silvia , Borzaga Carlo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe article constructs a model of firm governance that considers the wider effects of economic activity, thus bridging the organisational level and the macro level. The theoretical framework builds on Hansmann’s ownership model and introduces an alternative. The “total cost model” advanced directs attention to concerns that are not entirely addressed by standard transaction cost theory and suggests that, when the external costs are high, a firm may need to extend the governance function to multiple patrons and absorb some external costs in pursuit of multiple public goals. Who should be included in the strategic control function will depend on the anticipated effects in terms of the external costs and the costs of organising. The article argues that this set-up helps to explain the “public organisation”, defined as a private organisation with public interest objectives, and further claims that this model helps to justify the recent emergence of multi-stakeholder social enterprises.
Vision-based human activity recognition: a survey
Authors: Beddiar Djamila Romaissa , Nini Brahim , Sabokrou Mohammad , Hadid Abdenour 
Published: August 2020

AbstractHuman activity recognition (HAR) systems attempt to automatically identify and analyze human activities using acquired information from various types of sensors. Although several extensive review papers have already been published in the general HAR topics, the growing technologies in the field as well as the multi-disciplinary nature of HAR prompt the need for constant updates in the field. In this respect, this paper attempts to review and summarize the progress of HAR systems from the computer vision perspective. Indeed, most computer vision applications such as human computer interaction, virtual reality, security, video surveillance and home monitoring are highly correlated to HAR tasks. This establishes new trend and milestone in the development cycle of HAR systems. Therefore, the current survey aims to provide the reader with an up to date analysis of vision-based HAR related literature and recent progress in the field. At the same time, it will highlight the main challenges and future directions.
Emotional quantification of soundscapes by learning between samples
Authors: Ntalampiras Stavros 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPredicting the emotional responses of humans to soundscapes is a relatively recent field of research coming with a wide range of promising applications. This work presents the design of two convolutional neural networks, namely ArNet and ValNet, each one responsible for quantifying arousal and valence evoked by soundscapes. We build on the knowledge acquired from the application of traditional machine learning techniques on the specific domain, and design a suitable deep learning framework. Moreover, we propose the usage of artificially created mixed soundscapes, the distributions of which are located between the ones of the available samples, a process that increases the variance of the dataset leading to significantly better performance. The reported results outperform the state of the art on a soundscape dataset following Schafer’s standardized categorization considering both sound’s identity and the respective listening context.
Managing medicines in the time of COVID-19: implications for community-dwelling people with dementia
Authors: Barry Heather E. , Hughes Carmel M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCOVID-19 has changed life beyond recognition for millions of individuals, as countries implement social distancing measures to prevent disease transmission. For certain patient groups, such as community-dwelling older people with dementia (PwD), these restrictions may have far-reaching consequences. Medicines management may be adversely affected and deserves careful thought. PwD face unique challenges with medicines management compared to other older people, often relying upon support from family/carers and primary healthcare professionals. This article considers potential issues that PwD may face with each component of medicines management (prescribing, dispensing, administration, adherence, review), and based on previous research, highlights strategies to support PwD and their carers during this time. Primary healthcare professionals must be attentive to medicines-related needs of community-dwelling PwD, particularly those living alone, both during the pandemic and as restrictions are lifted. Carers of PwD continue to have a critical role to play in medicines management, and also require support.
Auraptene and umbelliprenin: a review on their latest literature acquisitions
Authors: Fiorito Serena , Preziuso Francesca , Sharifi-Rad Majid , Marchetti Lorenzo , Epifano Francesco , Genovese Salvatore 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAuraptene and umbelliprenin are among the most abundant naturally occurring prenyloxy umbelliferone derivatives. Both have been mainly isolated from plants belonging to numerous genera of the Rutaceae (in particular auraptene in Citrus spp.) and Apiaceae (in particular umbelliprenin in Ferula spp.) families, comprising different and widely used medicinal plants and in general plants having beneficial effects to human welfare as well as edible fruits and vegetables. Although known for quite a long time (nearly a century for auraptene and 50 years for umbelliprenin), only in the last two decades the two title natural compounds were revealed to possess valuable and promising pharmacological properties as dietary feeding active cancer chemopreventive, anti-bacterial, anti-protozoal, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-oxidant agents among the activities best detailed in the recent literature. The aim of this comprehensive review is to outline in detail the effects described in the very last years for auraptene and umbelliprenin and what has been reported about the mechanisms of action underlying the observed pharmacological activities of these oxyprenylated secondary metabolites. In view of the herein described data suggestions on how to address the future research about both natural products in the best ways according to Authors will be also provided.
Assessing the impacts of having a child with achondroplasia on parent well-being
Authors: Pfeiffer Kathryn M. , Brod Meryl , Smith Alden , Gianettoni Jill , Viuff Dorthe , Ota Sho , Charlton R. Will 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPurposeThis study’s purpose was to develop a better understanding of the experiences of parents of children with achondroplasia and to provide qualitative evidence to support the development of a patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure of parent impacts.MethodsConcept elicitation (CE) individual/focus group interviews were conducted with parents of children aged 2 to < 12 years with achondroplasia in the United States and Spain. The qualitative analysis informed the PRO measure development. Cognitive debriefing (CD) interviews were conducted to ensure parent understanding and item relevance.ResultsThirty-six parents participated in individual/focus group CE interviews. The analysis identified parent impacts in four domains, including caretaking responsibilities, emotional well-being, family, and work, and results informed the development of the Achondroplasia Parent Experience Measure (APEM). Caretaking responsibilities included managing child’s medical care (92%), helping child with self-care (67%), advocating for child (64%), assisting child (56%), and observing/monitoring child (e.g., to ensure safety; 47%). Impacts on parents’ emotional well-being included worry about the future (75%), worry about child’s physical health (67%), safety concerns (50%), feeling stressed/overwhelmed (44%), and worry about child’s social relationships (42%). Impacts on family and work included family strain (56%), limiting/adapting family activities (42%), and missed work time (50%). CD interviews with an additional 16 parents of children with achondroplasia confirmed understanding and item relevance.ConclusionThe results improve our understanding of the experiences of parents of children with achondroplasia and provide qualitative evidence to support the content validity of the APEM. A psychometric study is needed to validate the measure.
Droplet-vitrification cryopreservation of Tulipa tarda Stapf. apical meristems
Authors: Maślanka¹ Małgorzata , Szewczyk² Agnieszka 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe present study provides an efficient cryopreservation protocol for Tulipa tarda cultured in vitro. Apices were excised from bulblets cultivated on MS medium, supplemented with 60 or 90 g l− 1 sucrose. Half of the bulblets were subjected to a cold treatment at 5 °C for 10 weeks, before exposure of the apices to loading solution (LS) and plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2). Ten weeks after rewarming and culture on recovery medium, 100% regrowth rates were obtained for cold treated explants cultured on 60 g l− 1 sucrose after 30 and 60 min exposure to PVS2. Cold treatment significantly improved the recovery rates of most of the cryopreserved apical meristems while an enrichment of the culture medium with higher sucrose concentration (90 g l− 1) did not improve regrowth of the apices.
Juvenile primary Sjögren’s syndrome with ranula: is ranula a clinical sign that leads to early detection of Sjögren’s syndrome?
Authors: Takagi Yukinori , Hashimoto Kunio , Katayama Ikuo , Eida Sato , Sumi Misa 
Published: August 2020

AbstractJuvenile primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is rare. Although recurrent parotitis is reported to be the most common symptom of juvenile pSS, the clinical symptoms and features of the syndrome are not well understood and are poorly defined. Here we report a rare case of juvenile pSS in a patient with plunging ranula. The patient had no symptoms other than swelling of the oral floor and had no symptoms of parotitis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the diagnosis of plunging ranula. In addition, the findings of the bilateral parotid glands on MRI and subsequent ultrasonography (US) strongly suggested SS. On the basis of these imaging findings and laboratory data, a pediatric rheumatologist confirmed the diagnosis of juvenile pSS. The ranula may be one clinical sign of SS. However, this association remains generally unknown. Hypothesizing that SS might cause ranula development, we retrospectively investigated cases of patients with ranula who underwent MRI at our hospital. We found that many of these patients (> 20%) had characteristic findings strongly suggestive of SS. This result suggests that SS-induced changes in the sublingual glands are one cause of ranula formation. We think that ranula is a sign of early-stage SS. Therefore, patients with ranulae, whether adults or children, should undergo careful assessment of not only the sublingual glands but also the parotid and submandibular glands with MRI and/or US to investigate possible SS. This assessment may lead to early detection of SS.
Rational Behavior of Dictators - Evidence on Gender and Religiosity
Authors: Staniszewska Aleksandra , Czerwonka Monika , Kompa Krzysztof 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe dictator game (DG) is one of the simplest and most commonly used experimental games for examining economic and altruistic behaviors. Altruism became crucial in research on decisions in experimental and behavioral economy. This study extends existing research on the relationship between cognitive performance, measured by the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) and the DG, taking into account such factors as gender and declared religiosity. The research assesses whether gender and declared religiosity affect altruistic behavior measured in the DG’s payoffs. 511 participants (master’s students in economics) were asked to respond to six types of DGs and the CRT7 test. Correlation analysis, descriptive statistics, student t-tests, the Mann-Whitney test and Tobit regression analysis were conducted. Cognitive reflection was positively correlated with rational (selfish) behavior in the DG. Those dictators who scored high on the CRT (reflective dictators) kept more money for themselves than those who achieved lower scores on the CRT (altruistic, impulsive dictators). The results confirmed a distinct, inequity aversion attitude among altruistic, impulsive dictators and a selfish attitude among reflective dictators. The dictator’s payoff was significantly related to the gender and declared religiosity of the participants. Women were more concerned about equal distribution of income than men (on average they shared 30% more than men) and religious agents shared 20%–30% more than non-believers.