bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computationally Efficient Implicit ADI Theory and Its Open Region Problems for Anisotropic Gyrotropic Plasma Simulations
Authors: Wu Peiyu , Xie Yongjun , Jiang Haolin , Natsuki Toshiaki 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWith its unique anisotropic characteristic, gyrotropic plasma is extensively employed in a series of applications. As it is hard to obtain the electric behavior of anisotropic gyrotropic plasma directly, numerical simulation is regarded as one of the most important ways on the investigation. Based upon higher order formulation and an alternating‐direction‐implicit (ADI) procedure, the unconditionally stable ADI perfectly matched layer (PML) is proposed in finite‐difference time‐domain lattice to solving the open region problems for anisotropic gyrotropic plasma. To decouple the updated equations in the gyrotropic plasma regions, approximate decoupling theory is introduced during the implementations. The proposed implementation takes advantages of the higher order formulation, ADI procedure, approximate decoupling theory, and PML implementation in terms of considerable absorption, efficiency, and accuracy in open region problems. Numerical examples are carried out for the demonstration of effectiveness both in theory and experimentally. Through the results, it can be concluded that the proposed implementation is effective and accurate for terminating anisotropic gyrotropic plasma in open region problems when time step surpasses far beyond the Courant–Friedrich–Levy condition.
β‐CsCu5Se3: A Promising Thermoelectric Material going beyond Photovoltaic Application
Authors: Chen Yanyan , Shen Yupeng , Li Xiaoyin , Sun Jie , Wang Qian 
Published: October 2020

AbstractCopper chalcogenides have attracted much attention in recent years because of their promising applications in thermoelectric conversion. However, many of them suffer from phase transformation at low temperature. Motivated by the synthesis of bulk β‐CsCu5Se3 with high phase transformation temperature of 923 K for photovoltaic applications, its thermoelectric properties using first‐principles calculations combined with Boltzmann transport theory are systematically studied. The results show that β‐CsCu5Se3 possesses ultralow lattice thermal conductivities of 0.24, 0.41, and 0.25 W mK−1 along the x, y, and z directions at room temperature, respectively, which are further reduced to 0.09, 0.15, and 0.09 W mK−1 at 800 K. A detailed analysis of its group velocity, three phonon scattering rate, Grüneisen parameter and three phonon phase space reveals that the weak harmonicity and strong phonon anharmonic scattering are responsible for the ultralow lattice thermal conductivity, leading to a high figure of merit (ZT) value of 1.81 along the y direction at 800 K, which is three times higher than that of known thermoelectric materials o‐CsCu5S3 (0.46 at 800 K) and t‐CsCu5S3 (0.56 at 875 K). This study suggests that β‐CsCu5Se3 is a multifunctional material promising for both photovoltaic and thermoelectric applications.
Lone males: Solitary and group‐living male howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) behavioral ecology in a Costa Rican rainforest
Authors: Bolt Laura M. , Cavanaugh Maeve N. , Schreier Amy L. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractObjectivesMany group‐living primate species have evolved the capacity for some individuals to live alone for part of their lives, but this solitary life stage has rarely been the subject of focused research. The mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) is a social primate species with bisexual dispersal that lives in mixed‐sex groups with low male‐to‐female sex ratios. Consequently, males often spend a long period of their lives as solitary individuals. This study compares the tree use, feeding, and long‐distance vocalization behavior of solitary and group‐living mantled howler monkey males living within a fragmented rainforest in Costa Rica, La Suerte Biological Research Station. Based on differences in competitive ability between solitary and group‐living males, we predicted that lone males would be found in significantly smaller feeding and resting trees, consume more low‐quality foods, and produce shorter howling bouts made at lower rates than group‐living males.Materials and methodsWe collected data on tree use and feeding during 30‐min focal samples on male focal animals, recording data at 2‐min intervals. We measured the trees in which the monkeys fed and rested for two or more intervals, and recorded the plant parts consumed. We recorded howling behavior using all‐occurrences sampling.ResultsLone males used significantly smaller feeding and resting trees, consumed more low‐quality foods, and howled at lower rates but had longer howling bouts triggered by anthropogenic noise more than group‐living males.DiscussionOur results demonstrate that lone males differ in their behavioral ecology compared to group‐living males, thus improving understanding of the solitary male life stage in primates.
Enhanced electrical conductivity and structural, mechanical characterization of standalone poly(vinyl alcohol)‐graphite nanoplatelets composite films
Authors: Janeesh G. M. , Meera V. , Shalom A. M. , Rajan Babu D. , Nambi Raj N. Arunai , Sreekanth M. S. , Siva V. Samba , Sumangala T. P. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractPolymer based nanocomposites are gaining attention in various fields of science and technology due to its tunable properties. In this work, we report for the first time, the preparation and study on electrical and mechanical properties of standalone poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) based graphite nanoplatelet (GnP) composite films using modified film casting technique. Our modified tape casting method can produce films with uniform thickness, and uniform dispersion of filler deprived of pinholes. This technique is scalable for the mass production of polymer composite films for device application. We have obtained a significant enhancement in the electrical conductivity of 9 orders of magnitude and a maximum value of 0.143 S/m using PVA–GnP composites. To the best of our knowledge, this increase is the highest among the reported values for PVA–GnP composite films. However, a reduction in crystallinity and tensile strength can be seen with the addition of GnP fillers. The maximum tensile strength obtained for PVA–GnP composite films was 15 MPa and is adequate for use in electronic applications and devices. The effect of filler addition in PVA is discussed in detail.
Fixed‐time outer synchronization under double‐layered multiplex networks with hybrid links and time‐varying delays via delayed feedback control
Authors: Tan Fei , Zhou Lili , Lu Junwei , Chu Yuming , Li Yongmin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe units of networks, composed of systems, may converge to the same behavior in a fixed settling time, known as fixed‐time synchronization. In this paper, the problem of fixed‐time outer synchronization of double‐layered multiplex networks is studied. To synchronize the networks, delayed feedback controllers are designed. To guarantee the fixed‐time synchronization, some sufficient criteria are derived. The controllers and sufficient criteria can be applied to undirected and directed networks. The fixed settling time is related to controllers, the number of nodes for networks, and the dimension of node. Some numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.
Reuse treatment with ozonation, biofiltration, and activated carbon adsorption for total organic carbon control and disinfection byproduct regulation compliance
Authors: Summers R. Scott , Shiokari Steven Takeo , Johnson Sierra , Peterson Eric , Yu Yun , Cook Sherri 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe widespread and successful use of coagulation, ozonation, biofiltration, and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption for the treatment of impaired drinking water sources makes them attractive as an economical approach for direct potable reuse. This study systematically evaluated these processes for the treatment of four secondary wastewater effluents with the objective of meeting U.S. drinking water disinfection byproduct (DBP) regulations and developing treatment objectives. Total trihalomethane (TTHM) and the sum of five haloacetic acids (HAA5) targets of 60 and 50 μg/L, respectively, were developed under uniform formation conditions and were related to a target total organic carbon (TOC) concentration of 2 mg/L. Ozonation, followed by biofiltration, was effective in decreasing HAA5 formation to below the target levels, but GAC treatment was needed to meet the target TTHM and TOC levels. Optimizing the TOC removal before GAC treatment extended the GAC run times similarily to those found in drinking water treatment. Drinking water–based DBP formation algorithms were very effective in predicting TTHM and HAA5 formation.
Recruitment and retention of participants in UK surgical trials: survey of key issues reported by trial staff
Authors: Crocker J C , Farrar N , Cook J A , Treweek S , Woolfall K , Chant A , Bostock J , Locock L , Rees S , Olszowski S , Bulbulia R 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Recruitment and retention of participants in surgical trials is challenging. Knowledge of the most common and problematic issues will aid future trial design. This study aimed to identify trial staff perspectives on the main issues affecting participant recruitment and retention in UK surgical trials.

Methods
An online survey of UK surgical trial staff was performed. Respondents were asked whether or not they had experienced a range of recruitment and retention issues, and, if yes, how relatively problematic these were (no, mild, moderate or serious problem).

Results
The survey was completed by 155 respondents including 60 trial managers, 53 research nurses, 20 trial methodologists and 19 chief investigators. The three most common recruitment issues were: patients preferring one treatment over another (81·5 per cent of respondents); clinicians' time constraints (78·1 per cent); and clinicians preferring one treatment over another (76·8 per cent). Seven recruitment issues were rated moderate or serious problems by a majority of respondents, the most problematic being a lack of eligible patients (60·3 per cent). The three most common retention issues were: participants forgetting to return questionnaires (81·4 per cent); participants found to be ineligible for the trial (74·3 per cent); and long follow-up period (70·7 per cent). The most problematic retention issues, rated moderate or serious by the majority of respondents, were participants forgetting to return questionnaires (56·4 per cent) and insufficient research nurse time/funding (53·6 per cent).

Conclusion
The survey identified a variety of common recruitment and retention issues, several of which were rated moderate or serious problems by the majority of participating UK surgical trial staff. Mitigation of these problems may help boost recruitment and retention in surgical trials.
Outcome selection, measurement and reporting for new surgical procedures and devices: a systematic review of IDEAL/IDEAL-D studies to inform development of a core outcome set
Authors: Macefield R C , Wilson N , Hoffmann C , Blazeby J M , McNair A G K , Avery K N L , Potter S 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Background
Outcome selection, measurement and reporting for the evaluation of new surgical procedures and devices is inconsistent and lacks standardization. A core outcome set may promote the safe and transparent evaluation of surgical innovations. This systematic review examined outcome selection, measurement and reporting in studies conducted within the IDEAL (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment and Long-term monitoring) framework to examine current practice and inform the development of a core outcome set for early-phase studies of surgical procedures/devices.

Methods
Web of Science and Scopus citation searches were performed to identify author-reported IDEAL/IDEAL-D studies for any surgical procedure/device. Outcomes were extracted verbatim, including contextual information regarding outcome selection and measurement. Outcomes were categorized to inform a conceptual framework of outcome domains relevant to evaluating innovation.

Results
Some 48 studies were identified. Outcome selection, measurement and reporting varied widely across studies in different IDEAL stages. From 1737 outcomes extracted, 22 domains specific to evaluating innovation were conceptualized under seven broad categories: procedure completion success/failure; modifications; unanticipated events; surgeons' experiences; patients' experiences; resource use specific to the innovative procedure/device; and other innovation-specific outcomes. Most innovation-specific outcomes were measured and reported in only a small number of studies.

Conclusion
This review highlighted the need for guidance and standardization in outcome selection and reporting in the evaluation of new surgical procedures/devices. Novel outcome domains specific to innovation have been identified to establish a core outcome set for future evaluations of surgical innovations.
Determination of mold contamination using ergosterol imprinted particles
Authors: Oktay Başeğmez Hatice İmge , Baydemir Peşint Gözde , Nergiz Mustafa , Zenger Okan 
Published: October 2020

AbstractErgosterol is a key biochemical marker for fungal mycelial growth. In this study, molecularly ergosterol imprinted particles (Erg‐MIPs) were newly synthesized for the selective detection of ergosterol in mold samples. Erg‐MIPs were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, swelling studies, and surface area measurements. Maximum selective ergosterol adsorption achieved as 28.50 mg/g Erg‐MIP. Selectivity studies showed that Erg‐MIPs adsorbed Erg 2.01 and 3.27 times higher than that of cholesterol and stigmasterol, respectively. Erg adsorption from Aspergillus niger was found as 23.87 mg/g. Reusability of Erg‐MIPs was studied and decrease in Erg adsorption capacity of the particles was negligible (3%). Erg‐MIPs are good affinity materials for the selective Erg detection from food samples, prior to use in food industry.
Genomic, transcriptomic, and viral integration profiles associated with recurrent/metastatic progression in high‐risk human papillomavirus cervical carcinomas
Authors: Liu Jing Jing , Ho Jung Yoon , Lee Jung Eum , Hur Soo Young , Yoo Jinseon , Kim Kyu Ryung , Ryu Daeun , Kim Tae Min , Choi Youn Jin 
Published: October 2020

AbstractAcquisition of recurrent/metastatic potential by a tumor cell defines a critical step in malignant progression. However, understanding of metastatic progression at the molecular level is scarce for cervical carcinomas (CES). In this study, we performed genomic, transcriptomic, and viral profiling of five pairs of primary (CES‐P) and matched recurrent/metastatic tumors (CES‐R/M) with high risk human papillomavirus. Whole exome sequencing revealed mutation features of CES‐R/M including elevated mutation burdens and prevalent copy number alterations compared to their matched CES‐P. A relative deficit of APOBEC‐related mutation signatures accompanying the transcriptional downregulation ofAPOBEC3Awas observed for CES‐R/M. Mutations in genes encoding epigenetic regulators were commonly observed as CES‐R/M‐specific alterations. Immunoprofiling and gene set analysis revealed CES‐Ps were enriched with transcripts representing activated anticancer immunity such as interferon‐gamma pathway, while CES‐R/M exhibited upregulation of genes involved in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis. Viral capture sequencing revealed that integration sites remained enriched in viral E1 protein domain during malignant progression. Moreover, we found transcriptional upregulation ofPOSTNand downregulation ofAPOBEC3Awere associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in CES. Comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic profiling of a rare cohort including CES‐R/M identified metastases‐specific features to advance the molecular understanding into CES metastatic progression with potential clinical implications.
Predictors and impact of psychotherapy side effects in young adults
Authors: Lorenz Tierney K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractWhat should we tell our younger clients—who may or may not have chosen to come to therapy—about possible risks of engaging in psychotherapy? To explore this question, we examined psychotherapy side effects in 366 young adults with a history of psychotherapy or counselling. Psychotherapy side effects were common, with 41% of participants reporting at least one. Perceived lack of control over the decision of when and how to engage in therapy was the strongest predictor of experiencing therapy side effects. Of the different kinds of side effects, feeling that therapy had gone on too long and experiencing worsening of existing symptoms were the most strongly predictive of poor therapy outcomes such as dissatisfaction with care and lower perceived improvements. Finally, there was a significant association between reporting side effects of psychiatric medications and side effects of psychotherapy, suggesting common factors that contribute to side effect experience across treatment modalities. These findings highlight the need to monitor possible side effects during psychotherapy and counselling, and to have an open dialogue with our youngest clients and their families about the likelihood for negative outcomes when they are compelled to engage in therapy.
Exploiting homophily to characterize communities in online social networks
Authors: De Salve Andrea , Guidi Barbara , Michienzi Andrea 
Published: October 2020

SummaryOnline social networks (OSNs) have become one of the most popular platforms where people communicate by sharing contents and personal information. The interactions performed by the users allow to identify the homophily between users and reveal the presence of several communities that could depend on several factors: such as the type of relationships (eg, colleagues and school mates) or to users' preferences (eg, users' interests or hobbies). A very important issue in this scenario is the necessary to characterize such communities by using known real properties or attributes about their members. In this article, we propose an approach that identifies the communities of users by exploiting several community detection algorithms. Afterward, for each user, we exploit decision trees to find a model that describes and distinguishes community affiliations based on known attributes of the members. The evaluation of our approach is derived from a real dataset which consists of the profile information, relationships, and interactions of 95 716 Facebook users. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is able to correctly recognize which attributes of the members properly characterize their corresponding community while ensuring a high level of accuracy (about 85%).
CD319 (SLAMF7) an alternative marker for detecting plasma cells in the presence of daratumumab or elotuzumab
Authors: Soh Kah Teong , Tario Joseph D. , Hahn Theresa , Hillengass Jens , McCarthy Philip L. , Wallace Paul K. 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundDaratumumab is an anti‐CD38 immunotherapeutic drug that has increasingly been used to treat patients with heavily pre‐treated and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. In so doing, the detection of CD38 antigen on plasma cells by flow cytometry is impeded. We hypothesized that alternative markers can be used in place or in addition to CD38 when detecting plasma cells post‐treated with daratumumab.MethodsA total of 16 alternative markers were tested using 22 bone marrow aspirates from patients with plasma cell neoplasm. The ability of selected markers to discern plasma cells from other hematopoietic cells were evaluated. The stability of tested markers when stored at 4 or 25°C after T = 0, 24, 48, and 72 h was also established. Finally, selected markers were incorporated into a panel used for monitoring multiple myeloma measurable residual disease to test their utility to identify plasma cells in the presence of daratumumab and/or elotuzumab (anti‐CD319) drugs.ResultsOut of the 16 tested markers, CD319, CD54, CD229, CD317, and p63 were expressed by >90% of the plasma cells. Only CD319, CD54, and CD229 achieved 100% detection sensitivity. Further analysis showed that CD319 was better than CD229 and CD54 at resolving plasma cells from background hematopoietic cells, with CD54 being the worst (resolution metric, mean ± SD: CD319 [2.04 ± 0.86]; CD229 [1.47 ± 0.45]; and CD54 [1.22 ± 0.60]). CD229 was expressed by >90% of T lymphocytes, whereas CD319 was expressed preferentially by the CD8+ T cells and less frequently in CD4+ T cells. Additionally, CD229 was found on >60% of B and NK cells, as well as minor subsets of monocytes and granulocytes. CD319 was expressed on most NK cells and a minor subset of B cells, granulocytes, and monocytes. Even though CD229 and CD319 were expressed by different leukocyte subsets, their expression levels were highest on plasma cells. The expression of CD138 on plasma cells was significantly lower after storage at 4°C, while the expression levels of CD38, CD229, and CD319 remained stable at 4 or 25°C. Using limiting dilution experiments, the treatment of cells with daratumumab severely impeded the detection of CD38 antigen on plasma cells, whereas elotuzumab treatment did not block detection of CD319 on plasma cells.ConclusionsCD319 is a suitable alternative to CD38 for identifying plasma cells. Our results showed that a panel used for monitoring multiple myeloma measurable residual disease could be modified by using CD319 alone or in combination with CD38 to detect PCs in daratumumab or elotuzumab treated patients.
A retrospective chart review of subdermal neck coagulation using helium plasma technology
Authors: Doolabh Vaishali , Ruff Paul 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundA helium‐based plasma technology has recently been cleared by the Food and Drug Administration for cutting, coagulation, and ablation of soft tissue (Renuvion® System; Apyx™ Medical Corporation). As the safety of helium plasma for treating lax and sagging skin in the neck area has not been previously reported, the objectives of this study were to obtain safety results from helium plasma used for neck rejuvenation, to summarize subject and procedure variables, and to assess treatment outcomes for the development of future treatment protocols.MethodsTwo retrospective chart reviews were performed using data from patients who had undergone a helium plasma procedure in the neck area to assess safety (Study 1) and effect (Study 2). For Study 2, pre‐ and posttreatment images of treatment areas were assessed by blinded reviewers.ResultsIn Study 1 (N = 15), two adverse events felt to be treatment‐related were noted. In Study 2 (N = 13), mean improvements included a 37.29% reduction in submental angle and reduction in the submental area.ConclusionsHelium plasma technology appears to be a safe and well‐tolerated treatment. Consistent and reproducible tissue contraction in the submental and neck area was observed between the authors' sites.