bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpregnancy weight change and recurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Sorbye LM , Cnattingius S , Skjaerven R , Klungsoyr K , Wikström A‐K , Kvalvik LG , Morken N‐H 
Published: June 2020

ObjectiveTo estimate recurrence risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by interpregnancy weight change.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.Setting and populationData from the Swedish (1992–2010) and the Norwegian (2006–2014) Medical Birth Registries on 2763 women with GDM in first pregnancy, registered with their first two singleton births and available information on height and weight.MethodsInterpregnancy weight change (BMI in second pregnancy minus BMI in first pregnancy) was categorised in six groups by BMI units. Relative risks (RRs) of GDM recurrence were obtained by general linear models for the binary family and adjusted for confounders. Analyses were stratified by BMI in first pregnancy (<25 and ≥25 kg/m2).Main outcome measureGDM in second pregnancy.ResultsAmong overweight/obese women (BMI ≥25), recurrence risk of GDM decreased in women who reduced their BMI by 1–2 units (relative risk [RR] 0.80, 95% CI 0.65–0.99) and >2 units (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.59–0.89) and increased if BMI increased by ≥4 units (RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05–1.51) compared wth women with stable BMI (−1 to 1 units). In normal weight women (BMI <25), risk of GDM recurrence increased if BMI increased by 2–4 units (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.08–1.60) and ≥4 units (RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.28–2.02) compared with women with stable BMI.ConclusionInterpregnancy weight loss reduced risk of GDM recurrence in overweight/obese women. Weight gain between pregnancies increased recurrence risk for GDM in both normal and overweight/obese women. Our findings highlight the importance of weight management in the interconception window in women with a history of GDM.Tweetable abstractInterpregnancy weight loss reduces recurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus in overweight/obese women.
Comparison of a web‐push survey research protocol with a mailed paper and pencil protocol in the Monitoring the Future panel survey
Authors: Patrick Megan E. , Couper Mick P. , Parks Michael J. , Laetz Virginia , Schulenberg John E. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsThe experiment tested the effects of a web‐push survey research protocol, compared with the standard mailed paper‐and‐pencil protocol, among young adults aged 19–30 years in the ‘Monitoring the Future’ (MTF) longitudinal study.Design, Setting and ParticipantsThe US‐based MTF study has measured substance use trends among young adults in panel samples followed biennially, using consistent mailed survey procedures from 1977 to 2017. In 2018, young adult participants in the MTF longitudinal component scheduled to be surveyed at ages 19–30 in 2018 (from high school senior cohorts of 2006–17, n = 14 709) were randomly assigned to receive the standard mail/paper survey procedures or new web‐push procedures.MeasurementsPrimary outcomes were responding to the survey and prevalence estimates for past 30‐day use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana and illicit drugs.FindingsThe web‐push response rate was 39.07% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 37.889, 40.258]; this was significantly better than the standard MTF response rate of 35.12% (95% CI = 33.964, 36.285). After adjusting for covariates, the web‐push condition was associated with a 19% increase in the odds of responding compared with standard MTF (adjusted odds ratio = 1.188; 95% CI = 1.096, 1.287). Substance use prevalence estimates were very similar and differences became negligible when using attrition weights and controlling for socio‐demographic characteristics.ConclusionsThe web‐push protocol produced a higher response rate than the mailed pencil and paper protocol in the Monitoring the Future panel study, without substantially affecting estimates of substance use once attrition weights and socio‐demographic variables were factored in.
Developmental patterns of tobacco product and cannabis use initiation in high school
Authors: Cho Junhan , Goldenson Nicholas I. , Kirkpatrick Matthew G. , Barrington‐Trimis Jessica L. , Pang Raina D. , Leventhal Adam M. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTo identify prototypical developmental patterns of tobacco product and cannabis use and co‐use initiation during adolescence, and determine risk factors for and consequences of these initiation patterns.DesignProspective repeated‐measures cohort with eight semi‐annual assessments during high school. Multiple‐event process survival mixture modeling identified latent initiation classes with distinct patterns of variation in timing of use initiation of tobacco products and cannabis. We then estimated: (1) associations of baseline risk factors with membership in initiation classes and (2) differences between initiation classes in frequency of cannabis and tobacco product use at the final assessment.SettingTen high schools in the Los Angeles, CA, USA metropolitan area, 2013–17.ParticipantsStudents [1031 (45.4%) males; mean (standard deviation) age at baseline = 14.6 (0.39) years] who had never used any tobacco products or cannabis at baseline 9th grade assessment (n = 2272).MeasurementsSelf‐report measures of electronic cigarette (e‐cigarette), combustible cigarette, hookah, cigar/cigarillos and cannabis use were collected at each assessment.FindingsFour distinct tobacco and cannabis use initiation classes were identified: (1) early and high‐risk cannabis and polytobacco initiators (n = 116; 5.1%); (2) early cannabis and polytobacco initiators (n = 172; 7.6%); (3) late cannabis and e‐cigarette initiators (n = 431; 19.0%); and (4) abstainers (n = 1553; 68.4%). At baseline, older age for the early and high‐risk cannabis and polytobacco initiators [odds ratio (OR) = 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10, 1.35, P < 0.001], peer cannabis use (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.23, 2.08, P < 0.001) and delinquent behavior (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.55, P = 0.004) were associated with membership in the three initiation classes (versus abstainers). Membership in the early and high‐risk cannabis and polytobacco initiators class (versus three other classes) was significantly associated with increased past 30‐day frequency and daily intensity of use at the final assessment (P‐values < 0.001).ConclusionsOlder age, peer cannabis use and delinquent behavior appear to be risk factors for the initiation of tobacco/cannabis product use among high school students in the Los Angeles metropolitan region. Early and higher‐risk polyproduct use initiation appears to be associated with greater escalation of past 30‐day and daily tobacco and cannabis use at the end of the high school.
Changes from 2017 to 2018 in e‐cigarette use and in ever marijuana use with e‐cigarettes among US adolescents: analysis of the National Youth Tobacco Survey
Authors: Farsalinos Konstantinos , Barbouni Anastasia , Niaura Raymond 
Published: June 2020

AbstractAimsTo examine changes from 2017 to 2018 in e‐cigarette use and ever marijuana use with e‐cigarettes among US adolescents.DesignAnalysis of data from the 2017 and 2018 National Youth Tobacco Survey (NYTS), cross‐sectional surveys of US middle school (grades 6–8) and high school (grades 9–12) students.SettingUnited States.ParticipantsUS adolescent population from middle school, with mean age = 12.7 [standard deviation (SD) = 1.0] years, and high school, with mean age = 16.1 (SD = 1.3) years.MeasurementsAnalysis of e‐cigarette use and ever use of marijuana with e‐cigarettes according to frequency of use and smoking status, comparing 2017 with 2018. Frequent smoking and e‐cigarette use was defined as use for ≥ 20 of the past 30 days.FindingsPast 30 days e‐cigarette use was reported by 33.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 29.1–37.4%] of ever/no past 30 days smokers, 68.6% (95% CI = 64.1–72.7%) of past 30 days smokers and 7.2% (95% CI = 6.3–8.2%) of never smokers in 2018 and by 19.3% (95% CI = 16.1–23.1%), 53.0% (95% CI = 46.9–58.9%) and 3.3% (95% CI = 2.7–4.4%) in 2017, respectively (all P < 0.001). Prevalence of past 30 days e‐cigarette use was higher among frequent smokers (69.8%, 95% CI = 62.3–76.5% in 2018; 53.8%, 95% CI = 44.1–63.2% in 2017, P < 0.001) and lower among never smokers. Most of the latter were infrequent users, while frequent and daily e‐cigarette use was 18‐ and 24‐fold lower compared with ever smokers, respectively. Approximately half of past 30 days and 70% of frequent e‐cigarette users reported ever marijuana use with e‐cigarettes in both years. Past 30 days smokers were more likely to report past 30 days e‐cigarette use [odds ratio (OR) = 15.79, 95% CI = 12.58–19.83 in 2018; OR = 16.11, 95% CI = 12.44–20.86 in 2017) compared with adolescents reporting no past 30 days smoking.ConclusionsAmong US adolescents, e‐cigarette use increased in all smoking groups in 2018 compared with 2017. Frequent and daily e‐cigarette use was far lower in never‐smokers compared with ever‐smokers. High prevalence of ever marijuana use with e‐cigarettes was observed.
Systematic review of the emerging literature on the effectiveness of naloxone access laws in the United States
Authors: Smart Rosanna , Pardo Bryce , Davis Corey S. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackground and AimsNaloxone access laws (NALs) have been suggested to be an important strategy to reduce opioid‐related harm. We describe the evolution of NALs across states and over time and review existing evidence of their overall association with naloxone distribution and opioid overdose as well as the potential effects of specific NAL components.MethodsDescriptive analysis of temporal variation in US regional adoption of NAL components, accompanied by a systematic search of 13 databases for studies (published between 2005 and 20 December 2019) assessing the effects of NALs on naloxone distribution or opioid‐related health outcomes. Eleven studies, all published since 2018, met inclusion criteria. Study time‐frames spanned 1999–2017. Opioid‐related overdose mortality, emergency department episodes and naloxone distribution were correlated with the presence of a NAL and, where data were available, NAL components.ResultsExisting evidence suggests mixed, but generally beneficial, effects for NALs. Nearly all studies show that NALs, particularly those that permit naloxone distribution without patient‐specific prescriptions, are associated with increased naloxone access [incidence rate ratios (IRR) range from 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15–1.66 to 7.75, 95% CI = 1.22–49.35] and increased opioid‐related emergency department visits (IRR range from 1.14, 95% CI = 1.07–1.20 to 1.15, 95% CI = 1.02–1.29). Most studies show NALs are associated with reduced overdose mortality, although findings vary depending on the specific NAL components and time‐period analyzed (IRR range from 0.66, 95% CI = 0.42–0.90 to 1.27, 95% CI = 1.27–1.27). Few studies account for the variation in opioid environments (i.e. illicit versus prescription) or other policy dimensions that may be correlated with outcomes.ConclusionsThe existing literature on naloxone access laws in the United States supports beneficial effects for increased naloxone distribution, but provides inconclusive evidence for reduced fatal opioid overdose. Mixed findings may reflect variation in the laws’ design and implementation, confounding effects of concurrent policy adoption, or differential effectiveness in light of changing opioid environments.
SF‐6Dv2 preference value set for health utility in food allergy
Authors: Dufresne Élise , Poder Thomas G. , Samaan Kathryn , Lacombe‐Barrios Jonathan , Paradis Louis , Des Roches Anne , Bégin Philippe 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe lack of a value set allowing the calculation of QALY is an important limitation when establishing the value of emerging therapies to treat food allergy. The aim of this study was to develop a Short‐Form Six‐Dimension version 2 (SF‐6Dv2) preference value set for the calculation of health utility from the Canadian food‐allergic population.MethodsTwo hundred ninety‐five parents of patients aged 0‐17 years old and 154 patients aged 12 years old and above with food allergy were recruited in clinic and online. Participants were asked to complete a self‐administered online questionnaire including generic health‐related quality of life questionnaires. Various health states described by the SF‐6Dv2 were valued with time‐trade‐off and discrete choice experiments. Data from elicitation techniques were combined using the hybrid regression model.ResultsA total of 241 parents and 125 patients performed 3904 time‐trade‐off and 5112 discrete choice experiments. Utility decrements were estimated for each level of each SF‐6Dv2 dimension. Utility values calculated based on the validated preference set were in average 0.15 lower (95%CI: 0.12‐0.18) and were poorly correlated (R2 = 0.46) with those derived from the EQ‐5D‐5L generic questionnaire in the same cohort.ConclusionA representative preference value set for patients with food allergy was determined using the SF‐6Dv2 generic questionnaire. This adapted preference set will contribute to improve the validity of future utility estimates in this population for the appraisal of upcoming potentially impactful but sometimes costly therapies.
Uncertain Times: Linguistic Anthropology in 2019
Authors: Paz Alejandro I. 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTThis year, linguistic and semiotic anthropologists are responding in particular to multiple sources of uncertainty and discuss a growing sense of crisis and anxiety across several different settings and contexts. The politics of truth and the uncertainty about the future, as well as the shifts due to new communicative technologies, are well represented in this last year of publications. To consider this collective response, this article reviews published work in this field in three parts: (1) the semiotic interplay of certainty and uncertainty, especially in relation to evidence and agency; (2) the remediation of semiosis across media technologies and infrastructures; and (3) the semiosis of the state‐citizen divide. More generally, this review considers how linguistic/semiotic anthropologists are renewing foundational concepts and approaches at the same time as they express a strong desire to turn their expertise into a more public form of political agency. This process of renewal is leading to the emergence of new agendas. [language, semiotics, uncertainty, media, state]
SARS‐CoV‐2 in the semen: Where does it come from?
Authors: Massarotti Claudia , Garolla Andrea , Maccarini Elena , Scaruffi Paola , Stigliani Sara , Anserini Paola , Foresta Carlo 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe recent report of SARS‐CoV‐2 presence in semen samples of six patients, including two subjects who were recovering from the clinical disease, re‐opened the discussion on possible male genital tract infection, virus shedding in semen, sexual transmission and safety of fertility treatments during the pandemic period.ObjectivesTo explore current data and hypothesis on the possible sites of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the male reproduction system.Materials and methodsWe reviewed the current literature to describe: a) the evidences on angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (AC2E) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) expression in the testes, accessory glands (including prostate) and the urinary tract; b) other coronaviruses’ (SARS and MERS) ability to infect these sites.ResultsThe co‐expression of both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes was reported in spermatogonial stem cells, elongated spermatids, in at least a small percentage of prostate hillock cells and in renal tubular cells. Testicular damage was described in autopsies of SARS patients, without evidence of the virus in the specimens. Prostate is a known infection site for MERS‐CoV. SARS‐CoV‐2 was detected in urines.DiscussionThere are still al lot of open questions on the effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on the male reproductive tract. The presence of receptors is not a proof that the testis provides a site for viral infection and it is still unknown if SARS‐CoV‐2 is capable to pass the blood‐testis barrier. The possibility of a prostate involvement has not been investigated yet: we have no data, but theoretically it cannot be excluded. Moreover, the RNA detected in semen could have been just a residual of urinary shedding.ConclusionOpening our prospective beyond the testis could be the key to better understand the possibility of a semen‐related viral transmission as well as COVID19 short and long‐term effects on male reproductive function.
In utero exposure to low doses of genistein and di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) alters innate immune cells in neonatal and adult rat testes
Authors: Walker Casandra , Ghazisaeidi Shahrzad , Collet Berenice , Boisvert Annie , Culty Martine 
Published: June 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough humans are exposed to mixtures of endocrine disruptor chemicals, few studies have examined their toxicity on male reproduction. We previously found that fetal exposure to a mixture of the phytoestrogen genistein (GEN) and the plasticizer di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) altered gene expression in adult rat testes.ObjectivesOur goal was to investigate the effects of fetal exposure to GEN‐DEHP mixtures at two doses relevant to humans on testicular function and transcriptome in neonatal and adult rats.Materials and methodsPregnant SD rats were gavaged with vehicle, GEN or DEHP, alone or mixed at 0.1 and 10 mg/kg/day, from gestation day 14 to birth. Fertility, steroid levels, and testis morphology were examined in neonatal and adult rats. Testicular transcriptomes were examined by gene array and functional pathway analyses. Cell‐specific genes/proteins were determined by quantitative real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry.ResultsGEN‐DEHP mixtures increased the rates of infertility and abnormal testes in adult rats. Gene array analysis identified more genes exclusively altered by the mixtures than individual compounds. Altered top canonical pathways included urogenital/reproductive developmental and inflammatory processes. GEN‐DEHP mixtures increased innate immune cells and macrophages markers at both doses and ages, more strongly and consistently than DEHP or GEN alone. Genes exclusively increased by the mixture in adult testis related to innate immune cells and macrophages included Kitlg, Rps6ka3 (Rsk2), Nr3c1, Nqo1, Lif, Fyn, Ptprj (Dep‐1), Gpr116, Pfn2, and Ptgr1.Discussion and conclusionThese findings demonstrate that GEN‐DEHP mixtures at doses relevant to human induce adverse testicular phenotypes, concurrent with age‐dependent and non‐monotonic changes in testicular transcriptomes. The involvement of innate immune cells such as macrophages suggests immediate and delayed inflammatory responses which may contribute to testicular dysfunction. Moreover, these effects are complex and likely involve multiple interactions between immune and non‐immune testicular cell types that will entail further studies.
Reconciling different truths about isomorphic pressure and distinctive behavior at European cooperative banks: Back to the future with Raiffeisen's principles
Authors: Groeneveld Hans 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article employs a new approach to address a key question in an expanding literature on European cooperative banks: are they still distinctive and sources of social innovation or did they suffer from organizational isomorphism throughout their history? First, we go back to the time when Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen (1818–1888) formulated his principles for the forerunners of many contemporary cooperative banks. Subsequently, we identify areas where major adaptations to the archetypical model of cooperative banks have taken place or are still taking place today. We integrate a detailed explanation of the backgrounds and motivations of these steps with an analysis of isomorphic consequences and loss of distinctiveness that have allegedly emanated from these adjustments. Against the latter common opinion, we place an equally well‐founded dissenting view and formulate recommendations to stay on or return to the cooperative track. Thus, we reconcile conflicting assessments in scientific publications and present a balanced view on the current peculiarity of cooperative banks, substantiated by up‐to‐date figures. With the economic disruption caused by the coronavirus outbreak, we argue that, now more than ever, cooperative banks could demonstrate their solidarity, long‐term orientation and local anchoring—namely bringing Raiffeisen's principles back to the future.
Extinction Learning and Cognitive Reappraisal: Windows Into the Neurodevelopment of Emotion Regulation
Authors: Silvers Jennifer A. 
Published: June 2020

AbstractOver the past two decades, interest in the development of emotion regulation has surged. In this review, I argue for the utility of contrasting the neurodevelopment of two distinct and powerful forms of emotion regulation: extinction learning and cognitive reappraisal. Using extinction learning and cognitive reappraisal as illustrative examples of implicit and explicit emotion regulation, respectively, I propose that these two forms develop on different timelines and use partially overlapping and partially distinct neural circuits in the brain. I then use this extinction/reappraisal framework to consider how experiences like early life stress may differentially shape distinct aspects of the neurodevelopment of emotion regulation. I conclude by raising questions for the field and suggesting directions to advance neurodevelopmental accounts of emotion regulation.
Spontaneous pregnancies in female survivors of childhood allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplant for haematological malignancies
Authors: Lee Samantha Lai‐Ka , Tiedemann Karin , Zacharin Margaret 
Published: June 2020

AbstractObjectiveSpontaneous pregnancies and live births are rarely reported after haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). We report spontaneous pregnancy outcomes of sexually active female survivors of childhood allogeneic HSCT, to provide more data for future counselling.Design, Patients and MeasurementsRetrospective review of all female survivors of childhood haematological malignancies who had allogeneic HSCT at the Royal Children Hospital between 1985 and 2011. Data were retrieved from medical records, updated from treating haematologist or endocrinologist, and were cross‐referenced with self‐reported questionnaires. Female survivors who were sexually inactive were excluded from analysis.ResultsSix of 37 (16.2%) female survivors reported spontaneous pregnancies resulting in 8 live births. Amongst 22 women who received total body irradiation (n = 21) ± cranial irradiation or isolated cranial irradiation (n = 1), and high‐dose cyclophosphamide, three reported pregnancy resulting in live births (14%), whilst three of 15 women who received chemotherapy alone had pregnancy with live births (20%).ConclusionsOur current finding, albeit a small sample size, reinforces the importance of counselling female survivors of HSCT about the possibility of spontaneous pregnancy occurring despite documented ovarian failure and for need of contraception to avoid unplanned pregnancy.
Potentials of care: The uncertain politics of social and emotional ability and difference in American childhood
Authors: Davidson Elsa 
Published: June 2020

AbstractThis article examines middle class children's and parents' complex engagements with contemporary practices of cultivation, care and surveillance focused on children's social and emotional capacities and differences. Emblematic of a sociality and emotion‐focused biopolitics of childhood, such care provokes moments of spontaneous connection and self‐expression for children even as they engage dynamics of disciplining control and normalisation, an outcome that may work against and towards the objectives of care. Moreover, parental investments in social–emotional care reveal adults' conflicted implication in dynamics of child normalisation, and the potential of this form of caretaking to generate politically valuable empathic insight.