bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Typification of Linnaean specific names in the genus Galium (Rubiaceae)
Authors: Ferrer‐Gallego P. Pablo 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe lectotypification of ten Linnaean names in the genus Galium: G. aristatum, G. hierosolymitanum, G. laevigatum, G. maritimum, G. palustre, G. purpureum (≡ Asperula purpurea), G. pusillum, G. rubrum, G. saxatile, and G. uliginosum, is discussed. The designation of the nomenclatural types is based on the consultation of Linnaeus's original material and the literature cited in the respective protologues. The names are lectotypified using specimens from BIF‐LAPP (Linnaean herbarium from the Iter Lapponicum), BM (Clifford Herbarium), LINN, and UPS (UPS‐BURSER and UPS‐LINN), and an illustration of Boccone (1697). An epitype is also designated for G. laevigatum due to ambiguity in the interpretation of the lectotype. Linnaeus's original material of G. minutum, G. rubioides, and G. sylvaticum could not be found.
Incidence of pre‐eclampsia and other perinatal complications among pregnant women with congenital heart disease: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Martinez‐Portilla R. J. , Poon L. C. , Benitez‐Quintanilla L. , Sotiriadis A. , Lopez M. , Lip‐Sosa D. L. , Figueras F. 
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACTObjectiveIt has been proposed recently that pre‐eclampsia (PE) may originate from maternal cardiac maladaptation rather than primary placental insult. As congenital heart disease (CHD) is associated with reduced adaptation to the hemodynamic needs of pregnancy, it is hypothesized that women with CHD have an increased risk of PE. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the risk of PE in pregnant women with CHD.MethodsA systematic search was performed to identify relevant studies published in English, Spanish, French, Italian, Chinese or German, with no time restrictions, using databases such as PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies (prospective or retrospective cohorts) of pregnant women with a history of CHD were sought. The main outcome was the incidence of PE (including eclampsia and HELLP syndrome). For quality assessment of the included studies, two reviewers assessed independently the risk of bias. For the meta‐analysis, the incidence of PE in pregnancies (those beyond 20 weeks' gestation) was calculated using single‐proportion analysis by random‐effects modeling (weighted by inverse variance). Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the χ2(Cochran's Q), tau2andI2statistics. Subgroup analysis was performed, and meta‐regression was used to assess the influence of several covariates on the pooled results.ResultsA total of 33 studies were included in the meta‐analysis, including 40 449 women with CHD and a total of 40 701 pregnancies. The weighted incidence of PE was 3.1% (95% CI, 2.2–4.0%), with true‐effect heterogeneity of 93% according toI2, and no publication bias found. No difference was found in the weighted incidence of PE between studies including cyanotic CHDvsthose excluding (or not reporting) cyanotic CHD (2.5% (95% CI, 1.6–3.4%)vs4.1% (95% CI, 2.4–5.7%);P = 0.0923). Meta‐regression analysis showed that the only cofactor that significantly influenced the incidence of PE in each study was the reported incidence of aortic stenosis; studies with a higher incidence of aortic stenosis had a higher incidence of PE (estimate: 0.0005;P = 0.038).ConclusionsWe failed to demonstrate an incidence of PE above the expected baseline risk in women with CHD. This observation contradicts the theory of the cardiac origin of PE. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Crop growth and soil water fluxes at erosion‐affected arable sites: Using weighing lysimeter data for model intercomparison
Authors: Groh Jannis , Diamantopoulos Efstathios , Duan Xiaohong , Ewert Frank , Herbst Michael , Holbak Maja , Kamali Bahareh , Kersebaum Kurt‐Christian , Kuhnert Matthias , Lischeid Gunnar , Nendel Claas , Priesack Eckart , Steidl Jörg , Sommer Michael , Pütz Thomas , Vereecken Harry , Wallor Evelyn , Weber Tobias K.D. , Wegehenkel Martin , Weihermüller Lutz , Gerke Horst H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractAgroecosystem models need to reliably simulate all biophysical processes that control crop growth, particularly the soil water fluxes and nutrient dynamics. As a result of the erosion history, truncated and colluvial soil profiles coexist in arable fields. The erosion‐affected field‐scale soil spatial heterogeneity may limit agroecosystem model predictions. The objective was to identify the variation in the importance of soil properties and soil profile modifications in agroecosystem models for both agronomic and environmental performance. Four lysimeters with different soil types were used that cover the range of soil variability in an erosion‐affected hummocky agricultural landscape. Twelve models were calibrated on crop phenological stages, and model performance was tested against observed grain yield, aboveground biomass, leaf area index, actual evapotranspiration, drainage, and soil water content. Despite considering identical input data, the predictive capability among models was highly diverse. Neither a single crop model nor the multi‐model mean was able to capture the observed differences between the four soil profiles in agronomic and environmental variables. The model's sensitivity to soil‐related parameters was apparently limited and dependent on model structure and parameterization. Information on phenology alone seemed insufficient to calibrate crop models. The results demonstrated model‐specific differences in the impact of soil variability and suggested that soil matters in predictive agroecosystem models. Soil processes need to receive greater attention in field‐scale agroecosystem modeling; high‐precision weighable lysimeters can provide valuable data for improving the description of soil–vegetation–atmosphere process in the tested models.
Nothing really matters
Authors: Dibitetto Giuseppe , Petri Nicolò , Schillo Marjorie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
We study non-perturbative instabilities of AdS spacetime in General Relativity with a cosmological constant in arbitrary dimensions. In this simple setup we explicitly construct a class of gravitational instantons generalizing Witten’s bubble of nothing. We calculate the corresponding Euclidean action and show that its change is finite. The expansion of these bubbles is described by a lower-dimensional de Sitter geometry within a non- compact foliation of the background spacetime. Moreover we discuss the existence of covariantly constant spinors as a possible topological obstruction for such decays to occur. This mechanism is further connected to the stability of supersymmetric vacua in string theory.
Spirituelle Kompetenz in Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie – Hindernisse und Erfolgsfaktoren
Authors: Frick Eckhard , Ziemer Philip , Heres Stephan , Ableidinger Karl , Pfitzer Franz , Büssing Arndt 
Published: August 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Ebenso wie die World Psychiatric Association (WPA) und andere nationale psychiatrische Fachgesellschaften hat auch die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN) ein Positionspapier zu Religiosität und Spiritualität (R/Sp) in Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie veröffentlicht, in dem sie Patientenzentrierung und spirituelle Kompetenz (SpK) der psychiatrischen Berufe fordert. Es ist bekannt, dass Kompetenzmangel das wichtigste Hindernis für die Implementierung von Spiritual Care (SpC) in die klinische Praxis darstellt.

Fragestellung
Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist die praxisnahe Untersuchung der SpK in Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie. Wie schätzen psychiatrisch Tätige die SpK ihrer eigenen Berufsgruppe ein und welche Variablen beeinflussen dieses Urteil?

Material und Methoden
Insgesamt 391 psychiatrische Pflegekräfte, 75 Psychiater, 119 Therapeuten verschiedener Professionen und 62 andere (n = 647) aus Krankenhäusern in Deutschland und Österreich füllten den SpC Competency Questionnaire (SCCQ) aus.

Ergebnisse
Pflegekräfte, ältere und spirituell erfahrenere Personen schätzen die SpK der eigenen Berufsgruppe vergleichsweise höher ein und meinen seltener, diesbezüglich nicht zuständig zu sein. Pflegende nennen häufiger als andere Berufsgruppen das Fehlen geeigneter Räumlichkeiten als Hindernis für die Implementierung von SpC. Höhere Einschätzung der SpK der eigenen Berufsgruppe geht mit höheren Werten in den SCCQ-Faktoren „Selbsterfahrung und proaktive Öffnung“, „Team-Spirit“, „Wahrnehmungs‑/Dokumentationskompetenz“ einher.

Diskussion
Die Zuständigkeit der Gesundheitsberufe für SpC in Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie wird unter den deutschsprachigen psychiatrischen Berufsgruppen noch kontrovers diskutiert. Dies hängt mit mangelnder Kompetenz in diesem Feld zusammen.
An investigation of mass changes in the Bohai Sea observed by GRACE
Authors: Mu Dapeng , Xu Tianhe , Xu Guochang 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission has profoundly advanced our knowledge of contemporary sea level change. Owing to the coarse spatial resolution and leakage issue across the land–ocean boundary, it is challenging (even impossible) for GRACE to detect mass changes over a region smaller than its spatial resolution, especially a semi-enclosed basin (e.g., the Bohai Sea) that is adjacent to land with significant mass variation. In this contribution, the causes for the GRACE RL06 mass changes in the Bohai Sea are investigated using a reconstruction technique that is implemented with multisource data, including altimeter observations, steric estimates, and land mass changes from GRACE RL06 mascon solution. Our results by the reconstruction technique demonstrate that the GRACE annual cycles are primarily caused by water mass changes rather than sediment changes. On the other hand, the mass trends from both reconstructed signals and those observed by the GRACE RL06 spherical harmonic coefficients (SHCs) are small, ranging from − 0.38 mm/year to 0.51 mm/year (depending on different data sources). Given that our estimated accuracies are > 0.8 mm/year (the real accuracies should be larger), our reconstructed results cannot directly confirm the presence of sediment accumulation or water mass increase; however, analysis of only the altimetry data suggests the mass trends are due to water mass increase, which would amount to ~ 0.44 Gt/year. Further investigation suggests that the mass trends in the Bohai Sea suffer from a − 2.9 mm/year leakage-in effect from groundwater depletion in the North China and about 2.5 mm/year signal attenuation (resulting in a ~ 2.5 mm/year remaining trend that is roughly equivalent to the leakage-in trend, consequently leading to the small mass trend in the Bohai Sea). Our reconstruction results exemplify that elaborate data processing is necessary for specific cases. We also test whether the recently released RL06 mascon solutions that are resolved with constraints and require no further processing would improve the agreement with altimeter observations. We find that the seasonal cycles are improved relative to the RL06 SHCs; however, the rates derived from the mascon solutions cannot properly represent the altimeter-derived ocean mass estimates for the Bohai Sea, probably because the mascon solutions underestimate the rates or contain some processing artifacts. Nevertheless, the mascon solutions show enhanced signals, which offer new opportunities to investigate regional sea level change.
Automated 3D MRI rendering of the craniofacial skeleton: using ZTE to drive the segmentation of black bone and FIESTA-C images
Authors: Eley Karen A , Delso Gaspar 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Automated bone segmentation from MRI datasets would have a profound impact on clinical utility, particularly in the craniofacial skeleton where complex anatomy is coupled with radiosensitive organs. Techniques such as gradient echo black bone (GRE-BB) and short echo time (UTE, ZTE) have shown potential in this quest. The objectives of this study were to ascertain (1) whether the high-contrast of zero echo time (ZTE) could drive segmentation of high-resolution GRE-BB data to enhance 3D-output and (2) if these techniques could be extrapolated to ZTE driven segmentation of a routinely used non bone-specific sequence (FIESTA-C).

Methods
Eleven adult volunteers underwent 3T MRI examination with sequential acquisition of ZTE, GRE-BB and FIESTA-C imaging. Craniofacial bone segmentation was performed using a fully automated segmentation algorithm. Segmentation was completed individually for GRE-BB and a modified version of the algorithm was subsequently implemented, wherein the bone mask yielded by ZTE segmentation was used to initialise segmentation of GRE-BB. The techniques were subsequently applied to FIESTA-C datasets. The resulting 3D reconstructions were evaluated for areas of unexpected bony defects and discrepancies.

Results
The automated segmentation algorithm yielded acceptable 3D outputs for all GRE-BB datasets. These were enhanced with the modified algorithm using ZTE as a driver, with improvements in areas of air/bone interface and dense muscular attachments. Comparable results were obtained with ZTE+FIESTA-C.

Conclusion
Automated 3D segmentation of the craniofacial skeleton is enhanced through the incorporation of a modified segmentation algorithm utilising ZTE. These techniques are transferrable to FIESTA-C imaging which offers reduced acquisition time and therefore improved clinical utility.
Surgical management of the congenital dislocation of the knee and hip in children presented after six months of age
Authors: B.K. Amrath Raj , Singh Kumar Amerendra , Shah Hitesh 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Congenital dislocation of the knee and hip is a rare congenital disorder. The specific aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of the children with congenital dislocation of the knee and hip who presented after six months of age.

Methods
All the consecutive children with congenital dislocation of the knee and hip joints were retrospectively reviewed. We included cases that were treated after six months of age and followed up for a minimum of two years. Twenty-four children with congenital dislocation of the knee and hip (thirteen with ligamentous laxity, eleven children with stiff joints) were included. The knee was dislocated in 45 limbs; the hip was dislocated in 40 instances. The knee joint dislocation was treated with quadricepsplasty in all twenty-four children (45 knees). The hip dislocation (n = 32) was addressed with either closed reduction (n = 8) or open reduction of the hip (n = 24). Eight hip dislocations were not addressed. The outcome of the hip and knee was evaluated.

Results
The clinical and radiological outcomes were better in children with ligamentous laxity than without laxity. Twenty-two children were community walkers. An orthosis was needed in eight children. The frequency of spontaneous reduction of unreduced dislocation of the hip was noted in three children (5/8 hips).

Conclusion
Outcome in combined dislocation of knee and hip is good in most cases with surgical interventions. The outcome is better in children with ligamentous laxity. Spontaneous reduction of the dislocated hips might be achieved after gaining knee flexion following knee surgery for congenital the knee in a few cases.
An updated systematic review and meta-analysis on adherence to mediterranean diet and risk of cancer
Authors: Morze Jakub , Danielewicz Anna , Przybyłowicz Katarzyna , Zeng Hongmei , Hoffmann Georg , Schwingshackl Lukas 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of current systematic review was to update the body of evidence on associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and risk of cancer mortality, site-specific cancer in the general population; all-cause, and cancer mortality as well as cancer reoccurrence among cancer survivors.

Methods
A literature search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), case–control and cohort studies published up to April 2020 was performed using PubMed and Scopus. Study-specific risk estimates for the highest versus lowest adherence to the MedDiet category were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. Certainty of evidence from cohort studies and RCTs was evaluated using the NutriGrade scoring system.

Results
The updated search revealed 44 studies not identified in the previous review. Altogether, 117 studies including 3,202,496 participants were enclosed for meta-analysis. The highest adherence to MedDiet was inversely associated with cancer mortality (RRcohort: 0.87, 95% CI 0.82, 0.92; N = 18 studies), all-cause mortality among cancer survivors (RRcohort: 0.75, 95% CI 0.66, 0.86; N = 8), breast (RRobservational: 0.94, 95% CI 0.90, 0.97; N = 23), colorectal (RRobservational: 0.83, 95% CI 0.76, 0.90; N = 17), head and neck (RRobservational: 0.56, 95% CI 0.44, 0.72; N = 9), respiratory (RRcohort: 0.84, 95% CI 0.76, 0.94; N = 5), gastric (RRobservational: 0.70, 95% CI 0.61, 0.80; N = 7), bladder (RRobservational: 0.87, 95% CI 0.76, 0.98; N = 4), and liver cancer (RRobservational: 0.64, 95% CI 0.54, 0.75; N = 4). Adhering to MedDiet did not modify risk of blood, esophageal, pancreatic and prostate cancer risk.

Conclusion
In conclusion, our results suggest that highest adherence to the MedDiet was related to lower risk of cancer mortality in the general population, and all-cause mortality among cancer survivors as well as colorectal, head and neck, respiratory, gastric, liver and bladder cancer risks. Moderate certainty of evidence from cohort studies suggest an inverse association for cancer mortality and colorectal cancer, but most of the comparisons were rated as low or very low certainty of evidence.
Cortical diffusivity investigation in posterior cortical atrophy and typical Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Torso Mario , Ahmed Samrah , Butler Christopher , Zamboni Giovanna , Jenkinson Mark , Chance Steven 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the global cortical and regional quantitative features of cortical neural architecture in the brains of patients with posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) and typical Alzheimer’s disease (tAD) compared with elderly healthy controls (HC).

Methods
A novel diffusion MRI method, that has been shown to correlate with minicolumnar organization changes in the cerebral cortex, was used as a surrogate of neuropathological changes in dementia. A cohort of 15 PCA patients, 23 tAD and 22 healthy elderly controls (HC) were enrolled to investigate the changes in cortical diffusivity among groups. For each subject, 3 T MRI T1-weighted images and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans were analysed to extract novel cortical DTI derived measures (AngleR, PerpPD and ParlPD). Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the group discrimination capability of the method.

Results
The results showed that the global cortical DTI derived measures were able to detect differences, in both PCA and tAD patients compared to healthy controls. The AngleR was the best measure to discriminate HC from tAD (AUC = 0.922), while PerpPD was the best measure to discriminate HC from PCA (AUC = 0.961). Finally, the best global measure to differentiate the two patient groups was ParlPD (AUC = 0.771). The comparison between PCA and tAD patients revealed a different pattern of damage within the AD spectrum and the regional comparisons identified significant differences in key regions including parietal and temporal lobe cortical areas. The best AUCs were shown by PerpPD right lingual cortex (AUC = 0.856), PerpPD right superior parietal cortex (AUC = 0.842) and ParlPD right lateral occipital cortex (AUC = 0.826).

Conclusions
Diagnostic group differences were found, suggesting that the new cortical DTI analysis method may be useful to investigate cortical changes in dementia, providing better characterization of neurodegeneration, and potentially aiding differential diagnosis and prognostic accuracy.
Simultaneous activation of multiple vestibular pathways upon electrical stimulation of semicircular canal afferents
Authors: Boutabla Anissa , Cavuscens Samuel , Ranieri Maurizio , Crétallaz Céline , Kingma Herman , van de Berg Raymond , Guinand Nils , Pérez Fornos Angélica 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background and purpose
Vestibular implants seem to be a promising treatment for patients suffering from severe bilateral vestibulopathy. To optimize outcomes, we need to investigate how, and to which extent, the different vestibular pathways are activated. Here we characterized the simultaneous responses to electrical stimuli of three different vestibular pathways.

Methods
Three vestibular implant recipients were included. First, activation thresholds and amplitude growth functions of electrically evoked vestibulo-ocular reflexes (eVOR), cervical myogenic potentials (ecVEMPs) and vestibular percepts (vestibulo-thalamo-cortical, VTC) were recorded upon stimulation with single, biphasic current pulses (200 µs/phase) delivered through five different vestibular electrodes. Latencies of eVOR and ecVEMPs were also characterized. Then we compared the amplitude growth functions of the three pathways using different stimulation profiles (1-pulse, 200 µs/phase; 1-pulse, 50 µs/phase; 4-pulses, 50 µs/phase, 1600 pulses-per-second) in one patient (two electrodes).

Results
The median latencies of the eVOR and ecVEMPs were 8 ms (8–9 ms) and 10.2 ms (9.6–11.8 ms), respectively. While the amplitude of eVOR and ecVEMP responses increased with increasing stimulation current, the VTC pathway showed a different, step-like behavior. In this study, the 200 µs/phase paradigm appeared to give the best balance to enhance responses at lower stimulation currents.

Conclusions
This study is a first attempt to evaluate the simultaneous activation of different vestibular pathways. However, this issue deserves further and more detailed investigation to determine the actual possibility of selective stimulation of a given pathway, as well as the functional impact of the contribution of each pathway to the overall rehabilitation process.
DNA CpG methylation in sequential glioblastoma specimens
Authors: Kraboth Zoltan , Galik Bence , Tompa Marton , Kajtar Bela , Urban Peter , Gyenesei Attila , Miseta Attila , Kalman Bernadette 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Purpose
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain tumors. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to its evolution is essential for the development of treatments more effective than the available modalities. Here, we aim to identify molecular drivers of glioblastoma development and recurrence by analyzing DNA CpG methylation patterns in sequential samples.

Methods
DNA was isolated from 22 pairs of primary and recurrent formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded glioblastoma specimens, and subjected to reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Bioinformatic analyses were conducted to identify differentially methylated sites and pathways, and biostatistics was used to test correlations among clinical and pathological parameters.

Results
Differentially methylated pathways likely involved in primary tumor development included those of neuronal differentiation, myelination, metabolic processes, synapse organization and endothelial cell proliferation, while pathways differentially active during glioblastoma recurrence involved those associated with cell processes and differentiation, immune response, Wnt regulation and catecholamine secretion and transport.

Conclusion
DNA CpG methylation analyses in sequential clinical specimens revealed hypomethylation in certain pathways such as neuronal tissue development and angiogenesis likely involved in early tumor development and growth, while suggested altered regulation in catecholamine secretion and transport, Wnt expression and immune response contributing to glioblastoma recurrence. These pathways merit further investigations and may represent novel therapeutic targets.