bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrino Transport with Monte Carlo Method. I. Toward Fully Consistent Implementation of Nucleon Recoils in Core-collapse Supernova Simulations
Authors: Kato Chinami , Nagakura Hiroki , Hori Yusuke , Yamada Shoichi 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
The small energy exchange via nucleon recoils in neutrino–nucleon scattering is now supposed to be one of the important factors for successful explosions of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), as they can change neutrino spectra through accumulation of a large number of scatterings. In deterministic methods employed for neutrino transport in CCSN simulations, we normally cannot afford to deploy a large enough number of energy bins needed to resolve this small energy exchange, and subgrid techniques are employed one way or another. In this paper, we study quantitatively with the Monte Carlo (MC) method how well such a treatment performs. We first investigate the effects of nucleon recoils on the neutrino spectra and confirm that the average energy is reduced by ∼15% for heavy-lepton neutrinos and much smaller amounts for other types of neutrinos in a typical postbounce situation. It is also observed that the nucleon scattering dominates the electron scattering in the thermalization of neutrino spectra in all flavors. We then study possible artifacts that the coarse energy grid may produce in the deterministic methods. In order to mimic the latter calculation, we redistribute MC particles in each energy bin after a certain interval in a couple of ways and study how the results are affected, depending on the energy resolution. We also discuss the possible implications of our results for the deterministic methods.
Pōniuā‘ena: A Luminous z = 7.5 Quasar Hosting a 1.5 Billion Solar Mass Black Hole
Authors: Yang Jinyi , Wang Feige , Fan Xiaohui , Hennawi Joseph F. , Davies Frederick B. , Yue Minghao , Banados Eduardo , Wu Xue-Bing , Venemans Bram , Barth Aaron J. , Bian Fuyan , Boutsia Konstantina , Decarli Roberto , Farina Emanuele Paolo , Green Richard , Jiang Linhua , Li Jiang-Tao , Mazzucchelli Chiara , Walter Fabian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
We report the discovery of a luminous quasar, J1007+2115 at z = 7.515 (“Pōniuā‘ena”), from our wide-field reionization-era quasar survey. J1007+2115 is the second quasar now known at z > 7.5, deep into the reionization epoch. The quasar is powered by a (1.5 ± 0.2) × 109
M
⊙ supermassive black hole (SMBH), based on its broad Mg ii emission-line profile from Gemini and Keck near-IR spectroscopy. The SMBH in J1007+2115 is twice as massive as that in quasar J1342+0928 at z = 7.54, the current quasar redshift record holder. The existence of such a massive SMBH just 700 million years after the Big Bang significantly challenges models of the earliest SMBH growth. Model assumptions of Eddington-limited accretion and a radiative efficiency of 0.1 require a seed black hole of ≳104
M
⊙ at z = 30. This requirement suggests either a massive black hole seed as a result of direct collapse or earlier periods of rapid black hole growth with hyper-Eddington accretion and/or a low radiative efficiency. We measure the damping wing signature imprinted by neutral hydrogen absorption in the intergalactic medium (IGM) on J1007+2115's Lyα line profile, and find that it is weaker than that of J1342+0928 and two other z ≳ 7 quasars. We estimate an IGM volume-averaged neutral fraction

. This range of values suggests a patchy reionization history toward different IGM sightlines. We detect the 158 μm [C ii] emission line in J1007+2115 with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array; this line centroid yields a systemic redshift of z = 7.5149 ± 0.0004 and indicates a star formation rate of ∼210 M
☉ yr−1 in its host galaxy.
Image-based Classification of Variable Stars: First Results from Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment Data
Authors: Szklenár T. , Bódi A. , Tarczay-Nehéz D. , Vida K. , Marton G. , Mező Gy. , Forró A. , Szabó R. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Recently, machine learning methods have presented a viable solution for the automated classification of image-based data in various research fields and business applications. Scientists require a fast and reliable solution in order to handle increasingly large amounts of astronomical data. However, so far astronomers have been mainly classifying variable starlight curves based on various pre-computed statistics and light curve parameters. In this work we use an image-based Convolutional Neural Network to classify the different types of variable stars. We use images of phase-folded light curves from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE)-III survey for training, validating, and testing, and use OGLE-IV survey as an independent data set for testing. After the training phase, our neural network was able to classify the different types between 80% and 99%, and 77%–98%, accuracy for OGLE-III and OGLE-IV, respectively.
Characteristics and Importance of “ICME-in-sheath” Phenomenon and Upper Limit for Geomagnetic Storm Activity
Authors: Liu Ying D. , Chen Chong , Zhao Xiaowei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
As an important source for large geomagnetic storms, an “ICME-in-sheath” is a completely shocked interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) stuck in the sheath between a shock and host ejecta. Typical characteristics are identified from coordinated multi-sets of observations: (1) it is usually short in duration and lasts a few hours at 1 au; (2) its solar wind parameters, in particular the magnetic field, seem to keep enhanced for a large range of distances; and (3) common ICME signatures are often lost. The host ejecta could be a single ICME or a complex ejecta, being fast enough to drive a shock. These results clarify previous misinterpretations of this phenomenon as a normal part of a sheath region. The “ICME-in-sheath” phenomenon, together with a preconditioning effect, produced an extreme set of the magnetic field, speed, and density near 1 au in the 2012 July 23 case, all around their upper limits at the same time. This is probably the most extreme solar wind driving at 1 au and enables us to estimate the plausible upper limit for geomagnetic storm activity. With an appropriate modification in the southward field, we suggest that a geomagnetic storm with a minimum D
st of about −2000 nT could occur in principle. The magnetopause would be compressed to about 3.3 Earth radii from the Earth’s center, well inside the geosynchronous orbit.
WhatsApp for the development of oral and written communication skills in Peruvian adolescents
Authors: Escobar-Mamani Fortunato , Gómez-Arteta Indira 
Published: June 2020

In Puno, a region of Peru, the development of oral and written communication skills in basic education students displays weaknesses which could be overcome with the application of technological tools. The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of WhatsApp as a mobile learning resource in the development of oral and written communication skills of secondary level students at the ‘José Carlos Mariátegui’ educational institution (Puno-Peru). The population was comprised of 343 students and a non-probabilistic, convenience sampling was applied to include two fourth-level sections of 36 and 34 students, respectively. The first was the experimental group and the second, the control group. The selection was made considering that fourth-level students are the most appropriate age to use WhatsApp in order to assess the evolution of their skills through rubrics, in a participatory way. Statistical analysis was based on the difference in means with a Z distribution, with a 95% confidence level. The results show that WhatsApp develops significant oral and written communication skills, as those skills rose by 3.5 points on average, on a twenty-point scale, after the experiment. Thus, WhatsApp is a mobile learning technology resource available to develop skills and strengthen knowledge in students.
En Puno, una de las regiones del Perú, las habilidades comunicativas orales y escritas de estudiantes de educación básica muestran debilidades en su desarrollo, que podrían ser superadas con la aplicación de herramientas tecnológicas. El objetivo del estudio fue explorar la eficacia del uso del WhatsApp, como recurso de aprendizaje móvil, en el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas orales y escritas en estudiantes del nivel secundario de la Institución Educativa ‘José Carlos Mariátegui’ (Puno-Perú). La población fue de 343 estudiantes y el muestreo no probabilístico, inducido por conveniencia, fue de dos secciones de cuarto grado, de 36 y 34 estudiantes, respectivamente. La selección se hizo considerando que los estudiantes de cuarto grado tienen la edad más adecuada para usar el WhatsApp y poder evaluar la evolución de sus habilidades a través de rúbricas, de manera participativa. El análisis estadístico se basó en la diferencia de medias con distribución Z, con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Los resultados muestran que el WhatsApp desarrolla habilidades comunicativas orales y escritas de modo significativo, en el caso estudiado, ya que esas habilidades se elevaron en 3,5 puntos, como promedio en una escala vigesimal, después del experimento. Por lo descrito, WhatsApp es un recurso tecnológico de aprendizaje móvil disponible para desarrollar habilidades y fortalecer saberes en los estudiantes.
Repérage des thèses intéressant les sciences de la formation des adultes : identification d’un noyau dur et d’un second cercle de thèses à consulter
Authors: Las Vergnas Olivier , Bury Patrick 
Published: July 2020

Cet article est le sixième de la rubrique dédiée à la recherche francophone sur la formation des adultes. Il fournit d’abord la liste actualisée au 15 avril 2020 des 174 thèses repérées dans la base interuniversitaire Sudoc comme mentionnant explicitement ce champ et soutenues depuis le 1 er janvier 2010 (dont 39 postérieures au 1 er janvier 2018). Sachant que ce type de requête bibliométrique ne remonte automatiquement qu’environ 50 % des thèses jugées intéressantes par les chercheurs du domaine, l’article s’intéresse aussi à identifier un second cercle en rassemblant cette fois d’autres thèses : celles dont une partie significative est consacrée à des questions clefs de ce champ, sans pour autant que la thèse soit 100 % dédiée à une recherche en formation des adultes. Ainsi, autour du noyau dur, il décrit et caractérise un second cercle de 444 thèses sur la même période (dont 82 à partir du 1 er janvier 2018) dont la lecture peut également avoir un intérêt pour les chercheurs en formation des adultes. Celles-ci ont été identifiées par une méthode en deux temps : un réservoir a d’abord été constitué avec toutes les thèses dont les jurys comportaient des jurés repérés comme « garants formation des adultes » ; ensuite on en a extrait par machine learning celles de ces thèses dont les résumés s’approchaient de sept thématiques représentatives de la recherche en formation des adultes.
Normes et invariants en médecine. Une réflexion au temps du Covid
Authors: Reach Gérard 
Published: July 2020

Le but de cet article est de s’interroger sur l’impact de la crise Covid-19 sur la médecine et ses normes. Je tenterai de montrer que la véritable question est en fait de rechercher, à côté de ces valeurs et normes, ce que j’appellerai des « invariants » qu’il s’agit à tout prix de préserver, qui ont défini hier la médecine et qui lui permettront demain de continuer d’exister. Un de ces invariants est représenté par le droit des patients et des professionnels de santé d’être considérés, et donc respectés, comme des personnes. Cette réflexion conduit à proposer d’introduire dans la médecine dite des 4P (Prédictive, Préventive, Personnalisée et Participative) un 5 e P, celui de médecine de la Personne, et de rajouter un 5 e principe, dit de Responsabilité aux 4 principes cardinaux de l’éthique médicale (Bienfaisance, Non-malfaisance, Justice et Autonomie).
Hegel et la socialisation de la nature. Travail, langage et nature dans les « philosophies de l’esprit » d’Iéna
Authors: Monferrand Frédéric 
Published: July 2020

L’objectif de cet article est de clarifier les liens qu’entretiennent travail et langage dans la « Philosophie de l’esprit » professée par Hegel entre 1803 et 1806 à Iéna. La thèse défendue est que travail et langage représentent pour Hegel deux formes de socialisation de la nature, également nécessaires à la constitution des relations sociales. Il en résulte tout d’abord que le monde social n’est pas seulement en contact avec la nature au niveau de ses structures productives, mais aussi de ses structures symboliques et que c’est là ce qui lui confère son unité. Et il en résulte ensuite que c’est dans le rapport à la nature que s’originent les formes d’aliénation qui affectent la société, laquelle peut en conséquence être conçue et critiquée comme une « seconde nature ».
Métamorphoses du discours managérial : de la « culture » à l’esprit d’entreprise
Authors: Paltrinieri Luca , Nicoli Massimiliano 
Published: July 2020

Cet article propose de traiter le discours managérial qui insiste sur l’aspect « humain » et subjectif de la relation de travail en tant que « discours en trop », c’est-à-dire, à la suite de Michel Foucault, comme discours qui vise à accompagner le sujet dans la subjectivation d’un code de conduite correspondant aux transformations postfordistes de l’organisation du travail et de l’entreprise. Dans un premier temps, nous abordons ce discours en tant que matrice du dernier grand mythe managérial de l’entreprise comme institution, unité clôturée et espace séparé du marché : la « culture d’entreprise ». Ensuite, en reconsidérant sous l’angle critique la notion managériale de « contrat psychologique », nous resituons le discours managérial dans les pratiques de démultiplication sociale de l’« esprit d’entreprise », correspondant à l’explosion de l’entreprise-institution et l’avènement de l’entreprise nœud de contrats et de compétences : c’est le royaume de l’autoentrepreneuriat en tant que forme de la subjectivité. En conclusion, à partir du cas d’étude des « coopératives d’activité et d’emploi », nous approchons la question de la résistance au discours managérial sous la forme d’une appropriation de certains « éléments de langage » de ce même discours, en le combinant dans des ensembles significatifs différents, et capable peut-être de dessiner une stratégie de subversion de l’esprit d’entreprise et de ce « moi-investisseur » qui caractérise l’entrepreneur de soi néolibéral.
Paroles à tenir, paroles à prendre : remarques sur les corps et les langages dans En Guerre de Stéphane Brizé
Authors: Sibertin-Blanc Guillaume , Talbot Armelle 
Published: July 2020

Cet article propose une analyse du film de Stéphane Brizé, En guerre , du point de vue de sa mise en scène des discours, et singulièrement des actes de parole d’ouvriers et délégués syndicaux en lutte. Il vise à mettre en lumière la tension interne à laquelle s’attache sa dynamique filmique. D’un côté, cette dynamique est celle d’une illusion vouée à la désillusion : elle suspend la parole combattante des ouvriers à l’idéal – point de fuite, telos et mirage – d’un sujet en qui coïncideraient enfin la parole du pouvoir et le pouvoir de la décision économique, et qui se révèlera in fine inexistant. Mais à ce sujet inexistant font pendant, de l’autre côté, la parole intensément incarnée des ouvriers et, surtout, l’intransigeance d’un des délégués à tenir parole (et à réclamer que les autres la tiennent), comme s’il fallait qu’un au moins tienne inconditionnellement parole pour que reste ouvert un espace politique pour l’expression du conflit, espace en deçà duquel ne subsiste plus que violence destructrice et autodestructrice.
Role Incongruence and Psychological Stress Symptoms in Substitute Decision Makers of Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Smith Orla M. , Metcalfe Kelly , Puts Martine , McDonald Ellen , Sue-Chee Shivon , Friedrich Jan O. 
Published: July 2020

Background
Most intensive care patients require substitute decision makers (SDMs) to make decisions. The SDMs may prefer an active, shared, or passive decision-making role. Role incongruence is when preferred and actual roles differ.

Objective
To evaluate the impact of decision-making role preferences and role incongruence on psychological distress symptoms in SDMs.

Methods
A multicenter, interviewer-administered survey was conducted among SDMs of critically ill adults. The Control Preferences Scale was used to evaluate role preferences. Psychological distress was defined as anxiety, depression, or posttraumatic stress symptoms with predefined cut points on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (score &gt; 10 on the anxiety or the depression subscale) and Impact of Events Scale (score &gt; 30).

Results
One hundred eighty SDMs were recruited; 64% responded. Most were white (71%) and female (65%); 46% were spouses. Role preferences varied: active, 24%; shared, 44%; and passive, 31%. Almost half (49%) reported incongruence. Symptom prevalence was 50% for posttraumatic stress, 32% for anxiety, and 16% for depression. Most (56%) reported some psychological distress. In multivariable logistic regression, the composite outcome of psychological distress was independently associated with patient death (odds ratio, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.08-8.02; P = .03), female sex of SDM (odds ratio, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.49-5.89; P = .002), and incongruence (odds ratio, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.67-6.36; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
Adverse psychological symptoms are prevalent in SDMs of critically ill patients and are related to role incongruence.
Safety and Effectiveness of Early Oral Hydration in Patients After Cardiothoracic Surgery
Authors: Ford Catherine , McCormick Donna , Parkosewich Janet , Derycke-Chapman Katrien , Marshall Judith , Mancarella Jessica , Chepulis Anne 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundPatients fast after cardiothoracic surgery because of concerns for nausea, vomiting, dysphagia, and aspiration pneumonia; fasting, however, causes thirst, a distressing symptom. To our knowledge, no studies exist to guide hydration practices in this population.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of early oral hydration on adverse events and thirst in patients after cardiothoracic surgery.MethodsThis study applied a prospective 2-group design in which 149 patients from an 18-bed cardiothoracic intensive care unit were randomized to either usual care (a 6-hour fast) or early oral hydration after extubation. The research protocol involved nurses evaluating patients’ readiness for oral hydration and then offering them ice chips. If patients tolerated the ice chips, they were allowed to drink water 1 hour later.ResultsMost patients (91.3%) had undergone coronary artery or valve surgery, or both. Demographic and clinical variables were similar in both groups. No significant between-group differences were found for the incidence of nausea, vomiting, or dysphagia, and no aspiration pneumonia occurred. Significantly more patients with a high thirst level were in the usual care group (81.2%) than in the early oral hydration group (56.5%; P = .002, r2 test). After adjustment for demographic and clinical variables by using logistic regression, early oral hydration was independently and negatively associated with a high thirst level (odds ratio, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.13-0.69]; P = .004).ConclusionThis research provides new evidence that oral hydration (ice chips and water) soon after extubation is safe and significantly reduces thirst in particular patients.
Lower Limb Asymmetry After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Adolescent Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hughes Gerwyn , Musco Perry , Caine Samuel , Howe Lauren 
Published: July 2020

Objectives
To identify reported (1) common biomechanical asymmetries in the literature after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in adolescents during landing and (2) timescales for asymmetry to persist postsurgery.

Data Sources
We identified sources by searching the CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus electronic databases using the following search terms: asymmetry OR symmetry AND landing AND biomechanics OR kinematics OR kinetics.

Study Selection
We screened the titles and abstracts of 85 articles using our inclusion criteria. A total of 13 articles were selected for further analysis.

Data Extraction
Three reviewers independently assessed the methodologic quality of each study. We extracted the effect sizes directly from studies or calculated them for biomechanical variables assessing asymmetry between limbs of participants with ACL reconstruction. We conducted meta-analyses on variables that were assessed in multiple studies for both double- and single-limb landings.

Data Synthesis
Asymmetry was more commonly identified in kinetic than kinematic variables. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction appeared to have a large effect on asymmetry between limbs for peak vertical ground reaction force, peak knee-extension moment, and loading rate during double-limb landings, as well as mean knee-extension moment and knee energy absorption during both double- and single-limb landings.

Conclusions
Our findings suggested that return-to-sport criteria after ACL reconstruction should incorporate analysis of the asymmetry in loading experienced by each limb rather than movement patterns alone.
Explicit symmetric DGLA models of 3-cells
Authors: Griniasty Itay , Lawrence Ruth 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe give explicit formulae for differential graded Lie algebra (DGLA) models of$3$-cells. In particular, for a cube and an$n$-faceted banana-shaped$3$-cell with two vertices,$n$edges each joining those two vertices, and$n$bi-gon$2$-cells, we construct a model symmetric under the geometric symmetries of the cell fixing two antipodal vertices. The cube model is to be used in forthcoming work for discrete analogues of differential geometry on cubulated manifolds.
Exploring Individual and Social Factors that Influence Human Belief: An Analysis in the Light of Quran and Sunnah
Authors: Zulqarnain Muhammad , Abdul Rafey Ashraf 
Published: June 2020

استقصاء العوامل المؤثرة في الاعتقاد الإنساني من الناحية الفردية والاجتماعية: دراسة تحليلية في ضوء القرآن والسنة
This research work was primarily designed to explore the factors that affect and change the human beliefs. The paper particularly addresses the issue from individual and social perspectives in relation to Holy Quran and authentic traditions of Holy Prophet PBUH. Qualitative research approach was employed for the collection and demonstration of data. The review of relevant literature concluded that there are many factors which seriously affected and changed the human beliefs. However, the most important and common factors are four: individual, social, religious, and economic. These factors play a significant role in changing Islamic beliefs of an individual. In this context, it was recommended that Islamic states in general, and Islamic scholars in particular should play their role to preserve Islamic beliefs in its original form. Furthermore, Muslim scholars should also design the strategy of purging beliefs from impurities and presenting them in systematic, logical and rational way along with their impact on the society