bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Father Involvement Among Nonresident Dads: Does Paternity Leave Matter?
Authors: Pilkauskas Natasha V. , Schneider William J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveThis article examines whether paternity leave influences father involvement among nonresident fathers, if associations differ by coresidential status, and whether leave is a stronger predictor of nonresident father involvement than other indicators of father identity or interest.BackgroundFathering promotes child development, yet many children are born to unmarried parents and do not live with their fathers. Paternity leave may increase fathering among nonresident fathers, but extant research has largely overlooked these fathers.MethodUsing the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N∼2,000), a longitudinal birth cohort of largely low‐income families, this study examines the link between paternity leave and parenting using regression analyses.ResultsLeave‐taking was associated with higher reports of engagement for both coresident and nonresident fathers, but for maternal reports of trust, coparenting, and responsibility, the positive associations with leave‐taking were concentrated among nonresident fathers. Nonresident fathers who took leave were more likely to provide in‐kind child support but not monetary support. Although leave, prenatal involvement, and being at the birth were all associated with greater involvement among nonresident fathers, mothers' reports of fathering were more strongly influenced by prenatal involvement and being at the hospital for the birth than leave.ConclusionLeave‐taking is associated with maternal reports of trust, coparenting, and responsibility for nonresident fathers but not coresident fathers. Leave and prenatal involvement predict nonresident father involvement.
Association between temporomandibular joint disc position evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging and mandibular condyle inclination evaluated by computed tomography
Authors: De Stefano Adriana A. , Guercio‐Monaco Elisabetta , Hernández‐Andara Adalsa , Galluccio Gabriella 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTemporomandibular joint disc displacement is common in the world's population and could be associated with bone and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. The aim of these study was to analyse the association between temporomandibular joint disc position evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the inclination of the mandibular condyle evaluated by computed tomography (CT). One hundred and seventy temporomandibular joints (TMJ) were retrospectively analysed. The temporomandibular disc position was evaluated by MRI and classified into three types: normal (N), disc displacement with reduction (DDWR) and disc displacement without reduction (DDWoR). The mandibular condyle measurements evaluated by CT included horizontal, sagittal and coronal inclination. ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's test was used to evaluate the interaction between condylar inclination and disc position. There was an association between disc position and the horizontal and sagittal condylar inclination (P < .05). There are statistically significant differences in the mean of horizontal and sagittal inclination of the mandibular condyle between the DDWoR and the other disc positions (P = .002 and P = .004). Disc position was not statistical associated with coronal inclination of condyle (P > .05). These results indicate that the inclination of the mandibular condyle may be different in TMJ with various disc position. A more medial horizontal inclination and a more posterior sagittal inclination of the mandibular condyle are associated with DDWoR.
Taxation of capital income in overlapping generations economies
Authors: Andersen Torben M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWhether capital income should be taxed in overlapping generations economies is vividly discussed. It is shown that intergenerational lump‐sum taxes cannot implement the Golden Rule allocation when agents have private information on their earnings potential. Hence, the seminal Atkinson–Stiglitz result that optimal income taxation pre‐empts any role for indirect taxation cannot be interpreted to imply that capital income taxation (affecting intertemporal relative prices) should not be taxed. Specifically, capital income should unambiguously be taxed in small open economies, and the optimal tax rate depends inversely on the elasticity of total savings to disposable income and the after‐tax rate of return.
DIAGENETIC CONTROLS ON THE RESERVOIR QUALITY OF TIGHT OIL‐BEARING SANDSTONES IN THE UPPER TRIASSIC YANCHANG FORMATION, ORDOS BASIN, NORTH‐CENTRAL CHINA
Authors: Zhang Penghui , Lee Yong Il , Zhang Jinliang 
Published: March 2020

Tight oil‐bearing sandstones in the Chang 4+5, 6 and 7 Members of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, north‐central China, in general consist of fine‐grained, moderately‐ to poorly‐sorted lithic arkoses (average Q53F30R17) deposited in a fluvial‐dominated lacustrine‐deltaic environment. Diagenetic modifications to the sandstones include compaction and cementation by calcite, dolomite, ankerite, quartz, chlorite, kaolinite and illite, as well as partial dissolution of feldspars and minor rock fragments. Porosity ranges up to ~7% of the rock volume and was reduced more by cementation than by compaction. Fractures (tectonic macrofractures and diagenetic microfractures) provide important oil migration pathways and enhance the sandstones' storage potential. The pore network is heterogeneous due to processes related to deposition and diagenesis, and there are considerable spatial variations in porosity and pore connectivity. The pore system includes both macropores and micropores, and pore network variations depend on the type and distribution of authigenic cements.An analysis of the diagenetic and porosity characteristics of core samples of the Yanchang Formation sandstones from wells in the Youfangzhuang oilfield resulted in the recognition of six petrofacies (A‐F) whose characteristics allow reservoir quality to be predicted. Fluid performance analysis for selected sandstone samples using nuclear magnetic resonance combined with helium porosity and air permeability shows that high permeability and large pore throats together result in high movable fluid saturation potential, and that effective pore spaces and throats are beneficial for hydrocarbon storage and flow. Relatively higher porosity and permeability tend to occur in petrofacies B sandstones containing abundant pore‐lining chlorite with lesser kaolinite and minor carbonate cements, and in petrofacies C sandstones with abundant pore‐filling kaolinite cement but little chlorite and carbonate cements. These petrofacies represent the best reservoir‐quality intervals.A reservoir quality prediction model is proposed combined with the petrofacies classification framework. This model will assist future development of tight sandstone reservoirs both in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin and elsewhere.
‘Should I stay or should I go now?’: A qualitative study of why UK doctors retire
Authors: Cleland Jennifer , Porteous Terry , Ejebu Ourega‐Zoe , Skåtun Diane 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesHealth care delivery and education face critical potential shortages in the foreseeable future in terms of retaining doctors nearing the time of retirement ‐ doctors who have experience‐based knowledge to pass onto the next generation. Retirement decisions are driven by a combination of macro‐related, job and individual factors. This is a constantly shifting space; findings from earlier studies do not always help us understand the retirement decisions of contemporary cohorts of doctors. To address these issues, and identify new knowledge to inform approaches to retaining expertise, we aimed to identify and explore what may keep an older doctor in the workforce (‘stay’) factors and (‘go’) factors that might prompt retirement.MethodsWe invited doctors aged 50 years or over from diverse areas of Scotland to participate in qualitative, semi‐structured interviews. Initial analysis of interview transcripts was inductive. The embeddedness theory of Mitchell et al encompassing the dimensions of ‘link,’ ‘fit’ and ‘sacrifice,’ was used for subsequent theory‐driven analysis.ResultsA total of 40 respondents participated. In terms of ‘link,’ retiring could feel like a loss when work links were positive, whereas the opposite was true when relationships were poor, or peers were retiring. Considering ‘fit,’ intrinsic job satisfaction was high but respondents had less confidence in their own abilities as they grew older. However, the data foregrounded the inverse of the notion of Mitchell et al's ‘sacrifice’; for UK doctors, staying in work can involve sacrifice because of tax penalties, work intensity and arduous demands.ConclusionsRetirement stay and go factors seem enmeshed in the cultural, social and economic structures of health care organisations and countries. Systems‐level interventions that address ultimate causes, such as sufficient staffing, supportive systems, non‐punitive taxation regimes and good working conditions are likely to be most effective in encouraging doctors to continue to contribute their knowledge and skills to the benefit of patients and learners.
European confederation of medical mycology expert consult—An ECMM excellence center initiative
Authors: Koehler Philipp , Denis Blandine , Denning David W. , Gangneux Jean‐Pierre , Hoenigl Martin , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. , Krause Robert , Lagrou Katrien , Lass‐Flörl Cornelia , Maertens Johan , Mareković Ivana , Meis Jacques F. , Molina Jean‐Michel , Pleško Sanja , Prattes Juergen , Rath Peter‐Michael , Rautemaa‐Richardson Riina , Richardson Malcolm , Segal Esther , Seidel Danila , Spriet Isabel , Steinmann Joerg , Verweij Paul E. , Cornely Oliver A. ,   European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM)
Published: March 2020

SummaryObjectivesDifficult‐to‐treat invasive fungal infections require infectious diseases expert consultation to improve treatment outcome and increase survival rates.MethodsThe European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) intends to provide expert help free of charge by a newly founded ECMM Expert Consultation Service for medical centres around the globe seeking advice when there is no fungal infection consultant available. The expert consult will provide recommendations and broad expertise on difficult‐to‐treat invasive fungal infections (eg azole‐resistant Aspergillus species, Candida auris, mucormycosis) to improve diagnostic and therapeutic management and outcome.ResultsThe initiative plans global outreach through video conferencing between ECMM Excellence Centers and treating physicians. FungiScope® registries will be used to structure case information and to evaluate the impact of the collegial advice system at regular intervals. Advice will follow recent guidelines, and EQUAL Scores will be used to measure guideline adherence.ConclusionsInfectious diseases expert consultation should be an integral component of care for patients with difficult‐to‐treat invasive fungal infections. The ECMM Expert Consult will attend to this matter on a global scale.
Repeatability of high‐resolution laser Doppler images of the hands in patients with systemic sclerosis and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon
Authors: Britton Jason 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of the study was to establish the repeatability of baseline diagnostic images of the dorsum of the hands acquired using a high‐resolution laser Doppler imager in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis (SSc).MethodsThe dorsal side of the hands of 22 patients (8 male 14 female), age range 29‐73, median 62, with SSc and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon were imaged over two consecutive days at approximately the same time using a Moor Instruments' high‐resolution laser Doppler imaging unit. The images were analysed by taking regions of interest at discrete locations in the images to calculate dimensionless values of flux (PU). Repeatability of the diagnostic investigation was assessed using methods described by Bland and Altman and by also plotting the results from visit 1 against visit 2 and calculating the line of best fit.Results and ConclusionsBased on the criteria that 95% of all measurement differences should be within a factor of 1.96 of the standard deviations of the mean values, then high‐resolution laser Doppler imaging technique is probably repeatable when acquiring and analysing baseline images of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to SSc. However, a larger study with more patients is required to prove this conclusively—as only data from 19 patients were analysed (3 patients were not included due to technical issues)—and was therefore susceptible to marked clinical variations in patients presenting on different days for the investigations.
“They've Put Nothing in the Pot!”: Brexit and the Key Psychological Motivations Behind Voting 'Remain' and 'Leave'
Authors: Macdougall Alex I. , Feddes Allard R. , Doosje Bertjan 
Published: March 2020

In June 2016, the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union. Voting followed a general trend: disadvantaged areas of the United Kingdom tended to vote “leave,” and more affluent areas tended to vote “remain.” This project investigates the psychological variables underlying this overall trend by distinguishing four psychological motivations: the need for justice, threat reduction needs, need to belong, and the need for control. Participants were recruited from different areas across Greater Manchester (N = 158). A survey assessed voting preference, socioeconomic status, collective relative deprivation (CRD), perceptions of threat from immigration, European and British identification, sense of control in life, and relative gratification. Discriminant function analysis showed that leave voting was characterized by greater realistic threat, symbolic threat, CRD, and British identification. Remain voting was characterized by strong European identification. Findings highlight that a need for justice, threat‐reduction needs, and identity needs were key predictors of voting behavior.
Better cognitive efficiency is associated with increased experimental anxiety
Authors: Grillon Christian , Lago Tiffany , Stahl Sara , Beale Alexis , Balderston Nicholas , Ernst Monique 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThere is increased interest in the development of cognitive training targeting working memory (WM) to alleviate anxiety symptoms, but the effectiveness of such an approach is unclear. Improved understanding of the effect of cognitive training on anxiety may facilitate the development of more effective cognitive training treatment for anxiety disorders. This study uses an experimental approach to examine the interplay of WM and anxiety following WM training. Previous studies show that increased demand on WM reduces concurrent anxiety evoked by threat of shock (induced anxiety). However, improving WM pharmacologically or via exercise prevents this anxiolytic effect. Conceivably, improving WM frees up cognitive resources to process threat information, thereby increasing anxiety. The present study tested the hypothesis that practicing a high load WM (i.e., increased demand) task would improve WM, and thus, free cognitive resources to process threat of shock, resulting in more anxiety (i.e., greater startle) during a subsequent WM task. Participants were randomly assigned to two training groups. The active‐training group (N = 20) was trained on a 1‐ (low load) & 3‐back (high load) WM task, whereas the control‐training group (N = 20) performed a 0‐back WM task. The experimental phase, similar in both groups, consisted of a 1‐ & 3‐back WM task performed during both threat of shock and safety. As predicted, active training improved WM accuracy and increased anxiety during the experimental 3‐back WM task. Therefore, improving WM efficiency can increase anxiety, possibly by freeing WM resources to process threat information.
Expression, location and biological effects of four and a half LIM domain protein 2 (FHL2) on granulosa cells in ovine
Authors: Zhang Limeng , Li Runting , Chen Longxin , Xing Zhenzhen , Song Yue , Nie Xiaoning , Wang Linqing , Han Hongye , Liu Aiju , Ma Xiaofei , Ma Runlin Z. , Tian Shujun 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that four and a half LIM domain protein 2 (FHL2) plays an essential role in the regulation of follicular development in mammals. Although the FHL2 genes of human and mouse have been well characterized, the expression and location of FHL2 in ovary and the biological functions of FHL2 on granulosa cells (GCs) of ovine are still not clear. In this study, full‐length complementary DNA (cDNA) of FHL2 from ovine follicular GCs was amplified by real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR). The expression and location of FHL2 in ovary and GCs of ovine were studied by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, and the biological effects of FHL2 on the cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell cycles and expression level of related genes of ovine GCs were also explored by overexpression or knockdown of FHL2. The results indicated that FHL2 was expressed in ovine follicular GCs and the sequence of the FHL2 cDNA was consistent with that predicted in GenBank, which did not cause an amino acid change. According to the results, FHL2 was expressed in ovine ovary and mainly located in the cytoplasm and nucleus of GCs. In addition, overexpression of FHL2 significantly reduced the cell viability, promoted the cell apoptosis and decreased the percentage of G0/G1 and S phase cells. RT‐PCR showed that overexpression of FHL2 significantly increased the mRNA expression level of Bax and decreased the expression of Bcl‐2 and the Bcl‐2/Bax mRNA ratio compared with the control group. Besides, the knockdown of FHL2 gene in ovine GCs significantly improved the cell viability, suppressed the cell apoptosis, decreased the mRNA expression level of Caspase‐3 gene, increased the Bcl‐2/Bax mRNA ratio and increased the percentage of S and G2/M phase cells. Our results suggest that FHL2 may play an important role in the biological functions of GCs in ovine.
Health impacts of bushfire smoke exposure in Australia
Authors: Walter Clare M. , Schneider‐Futschik Elena K. , Knibbs Luke D. , Irving Louis B. 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTSmoke exposure from bushfires, such as those experienced in Australia during 2019–2020, can reach levels up to 10 times those deemed hazardous. Short‐term and extended exposure to high levels of air pollution can be associated with adverse health effects, although the most recent fires have brought into sharp focus that several important knowledge gaps remain. In this article, we briefly identify and discuss the existing Australian evidence base and make suggestions for future research.
A new impetus for endogenous growth: R&D offshoring via virtual labor mobility
Authors: Nakanishi Noritsugu , Long Ngo Van 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe develop a simple North–South model of quality ladders to show that the virtual mobility of labor across time zones, facilitated by the advance in communication technology, can raise the endogenous growth rate of the world economy. The unique balanced growth rate is increasing in the endowments of skilled labor in both countries and decreasing in the rate of impatience. Moreover, we find that partial R&D offshoring to the South has initially a negative effect on the level of skilled wages in the North, but this is compensated for by its positive effect on the growth rate in both North and South.
The Context of Responsiveness: Resident Preferences, Water Scarcity, and Municipal Conservation Policy
Authors: Switzer David 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe extent to which municipal policy is determined by the preferences of residents is a topic of growing importance. Recent work on the subject has challenged conventional wisdom and found that municipal policy is often, but not always, responsive to the ideology of residents. This paper takes up an important potential implication of these findings, exploring how resident ideology may interact with issue severity in the adoption of municipal policy. Hypotheses suggest that resident preferences will have the greatest effect in the presence of high issue severity and that issue severity will have the largest impact when residents have ideological preferences in line with policy solutions. I test hypotheses using municipal water rates, with models showing that the effects of resident ideology and water scarcity interact with each other to influence water conservation policy.
Who shows which kind of humor? Exploring sociodemographic differences in eight comic styles in a large Chilean sample
Authors: Mendiburo‐Seguel Andrés , Heintz Sonja 
Published: March 2020

The present study investigates mean‐level differences in eight comic styles (fun, benevolent humor, nonsense, wit, irony, satire, sarcasm, and cynicism) depending on the sociodemographic variables gender, age, education, political spectrum, and religious affiliation. A large and varied Chilean adult sample (N = 1,272, 60.1% women; age M = 39.94, SD = 17.33) was recruited in face‐to‐face interviews and online testing. They completed self‐reports of the comic styles (the Comic Style Markers) and sociodemographic variables. Overall, small, but meaningful, differences in comic styles were found for the different sociodemographic groups. Men scored higher than women in all comic styles except for benevolent humor, and six styles decreased with age. Having lower education was associated with more cynicism, while the reverse pattern was found for satire and wit. Religious people showed lower scores in four styles than non‐religious people, and cynicism was higher in those identifying with left wing rather than right‐wing attitudes. The present study thus provides insights into who is more likely to engage in different kinds of humor in their everyday lives.
Distinguishing rosacea from sensitive skin by reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Ma Yafeng , Li Lulu , Chen Jia , Chen Tian , Yuan Chao 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe updated standard classification and pathophysiology of rosacea have provided clear and meaningful evaluation parameters; however, differentiating rosacea from sensitive skin (SS) remained an obstacle for dermatologists around the world, especially in China. Herein, we aimed to find a better characteristic to distinguish rosacea from SS by using reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM).MethodForty rosacea patients and 143 healthy subjects were recruited in this study. Firstly, a SS questionnaire and a lactic acid sting test were conducted among healthy subjects. Next, two major groups were divided out, including a SS group (40 subjects) and a normal skin control group (NS, 60 subjects). The cutaneous structures of face and fossa cubitalia were imaged by RCM.ResultsWe found that more parakeratosis, honeycomb pattern, spongiform edema, and dermal papillae (P < .05) in rosacea patients than that of the NS group, whereas there were no significant differences, were found in rosacea patients and the SS group. Strikingly, we found that rosacea patients have a larger depth of honeycomb pattern than that of SS subjects (P < .05). But, the epidermal thickness of rosacea did not differ from that of SS groups. There was also no significant difference of epidermal thickness and honeycomb structure depth between rosacea patients and NS group.ConclusionFrom the RCM images of parakeratosis, honeycomb pattern, spongiform edema, and dermal papillae, we found that RCM might be a faithful tool to distinguish rosacea from NS group. The depth of honeycomb structure of SS was more superficial than rosacea patients, whereas no significant difference between rosacea patients and NS group. RCM may provide a new method for evaluating the development of rosacea although it failed to distinguish rosacea and SS effectively.