bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the complexities associated with full-scale wind plant wake mitigation control experiments
Authors: Duncan Jr. James B. , Hirth Brian D. , Schroeder John L. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Recent research promotes implementing next-generation wind plant control methods to mitigate turbine-to-turbine wake effects. Numerical simulation and wind tunnel experiments have previously demonstrated the potential benefit of wind plant control for wind plant optimization, but full-scale validation of the wake-mitigating control strategies remains limited. As part of this study, the yaw and blade pitch of a utility-scale wind turbine were strategically modified for a limited time period to examine wind turbine wake response to first-order turbine control changes. Wind turbine wake response was measured using Texas Tech University's Ka-band Doppler radars and dual-Doppler scanning strategies. Results highlight some of the complexities associated with executing and analyzing wind plant control at full scale using brief experimental control periods. Some difficulties include (1) the ability to accurately implement the desired control changes, (2) identifying reliable data sources and methods to allow these control changes to be accurately quantified, and (3) attributing variations in wake structure to turbine control changes rather than a response to the underlying atmospheric conditions (e.g., boundary layer streak orientation, atmospheric stability). To better understand wake sensitivity to the underlying atmospheric conditions, wake evolution within the early-evening transition was also examined using a single-Doppler data collection approach. Analysis of both wake length and meandering during this period of transitioning atmospheric stability indicates the potential benefit and feasibility of wind plant control should be enhanced when the atmosphere is stable.
Development of Tourism in Ukraine: Trends and Factors that Create the Negative Image
Authors: Karabaza Iryna , Kozhukhova Tetiana , Ivanova Natalia 
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the article is to substantiate trends in the tourism activities in Ukraine and factors that create the negative image. The research is based on the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, methods of scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis (while summarizing the factors that form the negative image of Ukraine and reduce its economic security); comparative analysis (while identifying the trends of tourism activity development in Ukraine during 2011-2017); statistical analysis (while studying the dynamics of the tourism industry in Ukraine during 2014-2017). As a result of the study, the trends of tourism activity development in Ukraine during 2011-2017 have been determined. The factors that form the negative image of Ukraine and reduce its economic security have been determined. The implementation of strategic measures for the development of the Ukrainian tourism industry will create a positive image of the country, stimulate the development of tourism in Ukraine, formation of attractive investment environment and strengthening of the country’s economic security.
Evaluation of Phytochemical, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Capacities of Pennisetum purpureum (Schumach) Extracts
Authors: Jack I. R. , Clark P. D. , Ndukwe G. I. 
Published: April 2020

Medicinal plants are valuable natural sources for the development of potentially safe drugs. The biological activities associated with these plants are due to the presence of certain phytochemicals that act individually or synergistically. Thus, this study examined the phytochemical components, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of n-hexane, ethylacetate and methanolic extracts of Pennisetum purpureum (Schumach). Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical assays of P. purpureum showed the presence of alkaloids (0.004%), saponins (0.002%), flavonoids (0.021%), steroids, terpenoids and glycosides (0.008%). Methanol, n-hexane and ethylacetate extracts of P. purpureum were examined for antimicrobial activity using the disc diffusion method. Six microbial strains were exposed to six different concentrations of each extracts; 200 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, 12.5 mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml. The three extracts demonstrated varied concentration-dependent antimicrobial activities against the test organisms. The methanolic extract showed antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, B. cereus and antifungal activity against T. mentagrophyte and A. niger. Among all extracts, the methanolic extract of P. purpureum exhibited relatively strong antifungal activity against A. niger (10.3±0.12 mm) when compared to the standard antifungal agent, fluconazole (13.9±0.12 mm). Furthermore, antioxidant activities were spectrophotometrically studied using vitamin C as standard; methanol and ethylacetate extracts of P. purpureum showed pronounced scavenging activity on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); and had a potent reductive ability on ferric ion and phosphomolybdate. However, only the non-polar extract of P. purpureum showed a non-significant correlation and significant differences when compared to vitamin C. Antioxidant activities of the plant extracts were observed in the order of methanol >ethylacetate> n-hexane extracts. The results showed that P. purpureum contains phytochemicals that significantly contributed to the observed antimicrobial and antioxidant abilities of the plant and could be used as a potential source for the development of novel therapeutic drugs.
MRI and flortaucipir relationships in Alzheimer's phenotypes are heterogeneous
Authors: Josephs Keith A. , Tosakulwong Nirubol , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Weigand Stephen D. , Buciuc Marina , Machulda Mary M. , Jones David T. , Schwarz Christopher G. , Senjem Matthew L. , Ertekin‐Taner Nilufer , Kantarci Kejal , Boeve Bradley F. , Knopman David S. , Jack Clifford R. , Petersen Ronald C. , Lowe Val J. , Whitwell Jennifer L. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relationships between MRI volumetry and [18F]flortaucipir PET of typical and atypical clinical phenotypes of Alzheimer’s disease, by genarian (age by decade).MethodsFive‐hundred and sixty‐four participants including those with typical (n = 86) or atypical (n = 80) Alzheimer’s dementia and normal controls (n = 398) underwent apolipoprotein E genotyping, MRI, flortaucipir, and 11C‐PiB; all 166 Alzheimer’s participants were beta‐amyloid positive and all controls were beta‐amyloid negative. Grey matter volume and flortaucipir standard uptake value ratios were calculated for hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and neocortex. Ratios of hippocampal‐to‐neocortical and entorhinal‐to‐neocortical volume and flortaucipir uptake were also calculated. Linear regression models assessed relationships among regional volume, flortaucipir uptake, and ratios and phenotypes, within three genarians (50–59, 60–69, and 70+). Voxel‐level analyses were also performed.ResultsFor 50–59 greater medial temporal atrophy and flortaucipir uptake was observed in the typical compared with atypical phenotype. The typical phenotype also showed greater frontal neocortex uptake with the voxel‐level analysis. For 60–69 and 70+ there was greater hippocampal volume loss in the typical compared with atypical phenotype while only the 60–69, but not the 70+ group, showed a difference in hippocampal flortaucipir uptake. We also observed a pattern for higher neocortical flortaucipir uptake to correlate with younger age decade for both phenotypes.InterpretationMRI volumetry versus flortaucipir PET relationships differ across Alzheimer’s clinical phenotypes, and also within phenotype across age decades. This suggests that there is potential risk of masked effects by not accounting for genarian in participants with beta‐amyloid and tau‐positive biomarker defined Alzheimer’s disease.
Wearable Energy Generating and Storing Textile Based on Carbon Nanotube Yarns
Authors: Mun Tae Jin , Kim Shi Hyeong , Park Jong Woo , Moon Ji Hwan , Jang Yongwoo , Huynh Chi , Baughman Ray H. , Kim Seon Jeong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe challenges of textiles that can generate and store energy simultaneously for wearable devices are to fabricate yarns that generate electrical energy when stretched, yarns that store this electrical energy, and textile geometries that facilitate these functions. To address these challenges, this research incorporates highly stretchable electrochemical yarn harvesters, where available mechanical strains are large and electrochemical energy storing yarns are achieved by weaving. The solid‐state yarn harvester provides a peak power of 5.3 W kg−1 for carbon nanotubes. The solid‐state yarn supercapacitor provides stable performance when dynamically deformed by bending and stretching, for example. A textile configuration that consists of harvesters, supercapacitors, and a Schottky diode is produced and stores as much electrical energy as is needed by a serial or parallel connection of the harvesters or supercapacitors. This textile can be applied as a power source for health care devices or other wearable devices and be self‐powered sensors for detecting human motion.
C(sp3)−C(sp3) Cross‐Coupling of Alkyl Bromides and Ethers Mediated by Metal and Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Santos Marilia S. , Corrêa Arlene G. , Paixão Márcio W. , König Burkhard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe report a C(sp3)−C(sp3) cross‐coupling of alkyl bromides and alkyl chlorides with ethers by dual photoredox‐nickel catalysis. The catalytic system comprises of the organic photocatalyst 1,2,3,5‐tetrakis(carbazol‐9‐yl)‐4,6‐dicyanobenzene (4‐CzIPN) and bench stable nickel (II) acetylacetonate in the presence of visible‐light, providing the coupling products in up to 92% yield. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest two catalytic cycles, as well as the photogeneration of bromine or chlorine radicals from halide atoms that are present in the structures of the coupling partners. The halide radical mediates the hydrogen atom transfer event, avoiding the need of an additional HAT catalyst.magnified image
DABCO‐Mediated [4+1] Cycloaddition of β,β‐Dihalo Peroxides with Sodium Azide toward Isoxazoles
Authors: Ma Yangyang , Chen Yuanjin , Lou Chenhao , Li Zhiping 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe isoxazole skeleton is one of key structural motifs, which displays widespread applications in drugs, agriculture, and synthetic intermediates. Herein, we disclose the DABCO‐mediated [4+1] cycloaddition of β,β‐dihalo peroxides and sodium azide for synthesis of multisubstituted isoxazoles. The cycloaddition proceeds through the formation of N−C and N−O bonds. This method shows excellent regioselectivity and good scalability.
A roadmap to advance delirium research: Recommendations from the NIDUS Scientific Think Tank
Authors: Oh Esther S. , Akeju Oluwaseun , Avidan Michael S. , Cunningham Colm , Hayden Kathleen M. , Jones Richard N. , Khachaturian Ara S. , Khan Babar A. , Marcantonio Edward R. , Needham Dale M. , Neufeld Karin J. , Rose Louise , Spence Jessica , Tieges Zoë , Vlisides Phillip , Inouye Sharon K. ,   NIDUS Writing Group
Published: April 2020

AbstractDelirium is an acute disorder of attention and cognition. It occurs across the life span, yet it is particularly common among older adults, and is closely linked with underlying neurocognitive disorders. Evidence is mounting that intervening on delirium may represent an important opportunity for delaying the onset or progression of dementia. To accelerate the current understanding of delirium, the Network for Investigation of Delirium: Unifying Scientists (NIDUS) held a conference “Advancing Delirium Research: A Scientific Think Tank” in June 2019. This White Paper encompasses the major knowledge and research gaps identified at the conference: advancing delirium definition and measurement, understanding delirium pathophysiology, and prevention and treatment of delirium. A roadmap of research priorities is proposed to advance the field in a systematic, interdisciplinary, and coordinated fashion. A call is made for an international consortium and biobank targeted to delirium, as well as a public health campaign to advance the field.
Guidelines for the ethical review of laboratory animal welfare People’s Republic of China National Standard GB/T 35892‐2018 [Issued 6 February 2018 Effective from 1 September 2018]
Authors: MacArthur Clark Judy A. , Sun Deming 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTThese Chinese National Guidelines (GB/T 35892‐20181) were issued February 06, 2018 and became effective September 01, 2018. The authors recognized the urgent need for an authentic English translation to inform the international community of the compliance requirements in China. It was appreciated that the final translation must reflect the specialist understanding of those working under the Guideline whilst remaining faithful to the meaning of the original Chinese text. A three‐step translation process was therefore determined.Step 1: A professional interpretation service (KL Communications, UK) was commissioned to prepare a literal translation of the Chinese text. Supportive documents were provided which explained specialist terminology. This translation was checked by two bilingual experts.Step 2: A workshop was held in Nanjing in May 2019 to which were invited experts in laboratory animal welfare and ethical use. These included international native English‐speaking and Chinese‐speaking delegates. The delegates worked in multi‐lingual teams to review sections of the literal translation ahead of the workshop, and to agree an authentic interpretation during the workshop.Step 3: Following the workshop, three bilingual experts (two native Chinese speakers and one native English speaker) reviewed the entire document to ensure consistency of terminology and general accuracy. This document is thus not a “literal translation” but an “accurate interpretation” of the original text. Any challenge of work being performed under these Guidelines should rely on the Chinese text in the first place. However, this translation may be used as mitigating evidence, especially where those performing the work are non‐Chinese speakers.
Reversible Luminescent Switching in an Organic Cocrystal: Multi‐Stimuli‐Induced Crystal‐to‐Crystal Phase Transformation
Authors: Liu Yingjie , Li Aisen , Xu Shuping , Xu Weiqing , Liu Yu , Tian Wenjing , Xu Bin 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA luminescent cocrystal system is reported to undergo crystal‐to‐crystal phase transformation from yellow‐emitting polymorph I to green‐emitting polymorph II, triggered by THF fuming or heating, and the green emission can recover to the initial yellow emission by grinding. The established spectroscopic and crystallographic analyses demonstrate that the phase transition occurred and benefits from the combined effect of similar molecular arrange sequence and unique alteration of intermolecular interactions from halogen/hydrogen bonds in I to π–π stacking in II. Furthermore, I and II exhibit red‐shift emission under hydrostatic pressure. The emission of I and II shows a red‐shift and recovers towards the initial emission upon acid–base fuming. This is a rare example of reversible luminescent switching of cocrystal based upon crystal‐to‐crystal phase transition, and provides an alternative strategy to develop multi‐stimuli responsive materials.
A Photoinduced Nonadiabatic Decay‐Guided Molecular Motor Triggers Effective Photothermal Conversion for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ni Jen‐Shyang , Zhang Xun , Yang Guang , Kang Tianyi , Lin Xiangwei , Zha Menglei , Li Yaxi , Wang Lidai , Li Kai 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIt remains highly challenging to identify small molecule‐based photothermal agents with a high photothermal conversion efficiency (PTCE). Herein, we adopt a double bond‐based molecular motor concept to develop a new class of small photothermal agents to break the current design bottleneck. As the double‐bond is twisted by strong twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) upon irradiation, the excited agents can deactivate non‐radiatively through the conical intersection (CI) of internal conversion, which is called photoinduced nonadiabatic decay. Such agents possess a high PTCE of 90.0 %, facilitating low‐temperature photothermal therapy in the presence of a heat shock protein 70 inhibitor. In addition, the behavior and mechanism of NIR laser‐triggered molecular motions for generating heat through the CI pathway have been further understood through theoretical and experimental evidence, providing a design principle for highly efficient photothermal and photoacoustic agents.
Three‐dimensional visualization of blood supply of the upper lip using micro‐CT and implications for plastic surgery
Authors: Jiang Liya , Yin Ningbei , Wang Yongqian , Song Tao , Wu Di , Li Haidong 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIntroductionThe anatomy of the arterial branches in the upper lip and their relationships to soft tissue are not well described in the literature. The purpose of this study was to explore a method for visualizing the microvessels and soft tissue three‐dimensionally to gain better understanding of the upper lip blood supply.Materials and MethodsSeventeen stillborn fetuses were injected with lead oxide–gelatin and stained with iodine. Thirty‐four half upper lip specimens were obtained and scanned by micro‐computed tomography. The images were then examined and Inveon analysis software was used for three‐dimensional reconstructions.ResultsThe main supplies to the upper lip were from the superior labial and inferior alar arteries. In some cases, the infraorbital and lateral nasal arteries also branched off to the upper lip. The anatomical variations were classified into six types on the basis of the observed vascular composition patterns. The skin was supplied by the subcutaneous vascular network, formed by the superficial ascending branches of the superior labial and inferior alar arteries. The mucosa was supplied by the submucosal vascular network, formed by the deep ascending branches of the superior labial artery and the labial branches of the infraorbital artery. The muscles were supplied by small vertical branches from the subcutaneous and submucosal vascular networks.ConclusionThis study provides new anatomical insight into the upper lip by describing the microvessels and the relationship between the arteries and the soft tissue involved. This is important information for clinical applications in upper lip plastic surgery.
Tetroxanes as New Agents against Leishmania amazonensis
Authors: Antolínez Isabel V. , Barbosa Luiz C. A. , Borgati Tatiane F. , Baldaia Almodvar , Ferreira Sebastião R. , Almeida Raquel M. , Fujiwara Ricardo T. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLeishmaniasis is a neglected disease, caused by a parasite of Leishmania genus and widespread in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Currents drugs are limited due to their toxicity and parasite resistance. Therefore, the discovery of new treatment, more effective and less toxic, is urgent. In this study, we report the synthesis of six gem‐dihydroperoxides (2a–2f), with yields ranging from 10 % to 90 %, utilizing a new methodology. The dihydroperoxides were converted into ten tetroxanes (3a–3j), among which six (3b, 3c, 3d, 3g, 3h and 3j) showed activity against intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. The cytotoxicity of all compounds was also evaluated against canine macrophages (DH82), human hepatoma (HepG2) and monkey renal cells (BGM). Most compounds were more active and less toxic than potassium antimonyl tartrate trihydrate, used as positive control. Amongst all tetroxanes, 3b (IC50=0.64 μm) was the most active, being more selective than positive control in relation to DH82, HepG2 and BGM cells. In summary, the results revealed a hit compound for the development of new drugs to treat leishmaniasis.
Predictors and outcomes of procedural failure of percutaneous coronary intervention of a chronic total occlusion—A subanalysis of the EXPLORE trial
Authors: Kolk Maarten Z. H. , van Veelen Anna , Agostoni Pierfrancesco , van Houwelingen Gert K. , Ouweneel Dagmar M. , Hoebers Loes P. , Råmunddal Truls , Laanmets Peep , Eriksen Erlend , Bax Matthijs , Suttorp Maarten J. , Claessen Bimmer E. P. M. , van der Schaaf René J. , Elias Joëlle , van Dongen Ivo M. , Henriques José P. S. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate predictors of procedural success of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of chronic total coronary occlusions (CTOs) in a non‐infarct‐related artery following ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and demonstrate the effect on left ventricular functionality (LVF), infarct size (IS), and pro‐arrhythmic electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters.BackgroundPredictors of unsuccessful revascularization of a CTO are numerous, although following STEMI, these are lacking. Besides, effects of failed CTO PCI (FPCI) on the myocardium are unknown.MethodsThis is a subanalysis of the EXPLORE trial, in which 302 STEMI patients with a concurrent CTO were randomized to CTO PCI (n = 147) or no‐CTO PCI (NPCI, n = 154). For the purpose of this subanalysis, we divided patients into successful CTO PCI (SPCI, n = 106), FPCI (n = 41), and NPCI (n = 154) groups. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and angiographic data were derived from the EXPLORE database, combined with ECG parameters. To gain more insight, all outcomes were compared with patients that did not undergo CTO PCI.ResultsIn multivariate regression, only CTO lesion length >20 mm was an independent predictor of procedural failure (OR 3.31 [1.49–7.39]). No significant differences in median left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end‐diastolic volume, IS, and the pro‐arrhythmic ECG parameters such as QT‐dispersion, QTc‐time, and TpTe‐intervals were seen between the SPCI and FPCI groups at 4 months follow‐up.ConclusionThis subanalysis of the EXPLORE trial has demonstrated that a CTO lesion length >20 mm is an independent predictor of CTO PCI failure, whereas procedural failure did not lead to any adverse effects on LVF nor pro‐arrhythmic ECG parameters.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, a clinically diverse and challenging disorder
Authors: Chruickshank Therese , Thoresen Hanne , Benjaminsen Espen , Odeh Francis 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe characterizing features of Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) are broad and diverse, making early recognition and diagnosis challenging tasks. To illustrate the heterogeneous nature of PRES, we present three cases and discuss their clinical and radiological presentation.
Impact of Alkali and Alkali‐Earth Cations on Ni‐Catalyzed Dimerization of Butene
Authors: Ehrmaier Andreas , Löbbert Laura , Sanchez‐Sanchez Maricruz , Bermejo‐Deval Ricardo , Lercher Johannes 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe presence of alkali (Na+ or Li+) or alkali‐earth (Ca2+ or Mg2+) cations adjusting the acid‐base properties on amorphous silica‐alumina influences markedly the catalytic properties of supported Ni for 1‐butene dimerization. The low concentration of Brønsted acid sites on these catalysts reduces the double bond isomerization of butene and inhibits the formation of dimethylhexene as primary product. While the alkali and alkali‐earth cations act as weak Lewis acid sites, only Ni2+ sites are catalytically active for dimerization of 1‐butene. n‐Octene and methylheptene are formed selectively as primary products; dimethylhexene is a secondary product. The open environment of the Ni2+ sites does not induce different reaction pathways compared to Ni2+ in the pores of zeolites.