bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreasing the ash coal and sulfur contents of sawahlunto subbituminous coal by using “minyak jelantah”
Authors: Prabowo H , Prengki I 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Ash and sulfur caused low calorific value of coal and difficult to ignite the coal. The ash of the combustion product will pollute the environment. Through the conducted experiments the results of sulfur analysis on the coal tested were obtained. Five (5) experiments were conducted with different sample weights in the laboratory. In sample 1, the weight of the original coal sample of 0.2500 grams generated a level of sulfur content of 1.23%. In sample 2, the sample weight of 0.2500 grams of coal + 5ml of oil generated a level of sulfur content of 0.976%. In Sample 3, Coal + 10 ml of oil, where the sample weight was 0.2500 grams generated a level of sulfur content of 0.802%. In Sample 4, Coal + 15ml of oil, where sample weight was 0.2500 grams generated sulfur content of 0.609%. In Sample 5, Coal + 20 ml of “minyak jelantah” (used cooking oil), where the sample weight was 0.2500 grams generated a sulfur content of 0.428% and also a decrease in the value of the ash content. The coal was originally 62.80 and after the addition of refined” minyak jelatah” (used cooking oil) the lowest value generated was 35.78.
Riverine biota as environmental indicators of artisanal small-scale and large-scale gold mining impacts on riverine ecosystems in Brong Ahafo Region, Ghana
Authors: Macdonald KF , Lund M , vanEtten E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A study on two adjacent small ephemeral river systems in the upper Tano River Basin in Brong Ahafo, Ghana; one impacted by ASGM and the other by a modern large gold mining (LSM), showed that impacts of mining on river sediment and water quality and quantity were reflected in the macroinvertebrate and microbial communities. This study investigated the impacts of ASGM on the ecology of the Surow River and that of a large-scale mining (LSM, the Ahafo mine) on the Subri River between February 2013 and April 2014 Macroinvertebrate communities responded to the shift in river water and sediment qualities, whilst microbial communities tended to respond to water quality only. Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of mercury were evident in fishes in the river system impacted by ASGM, although mercury was barely detected in river water and sediment. The study confirmed that impact assessment of ASGM or the modern LSM on rivers should not be limited to the physical and chemical properties of water and sediment, but also include its riverine biota.
Carbon footprint comparison of three different mine tailings management using a life cycle assessment approach
Authors: Adiansyah J S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
One of the potential risks in the mining operation is tailings management. Some environmental incidents occurred were associated with tailings. This paper investigated the carbon footprint of three different mine tailings management using life cycle assessment (LCA) and The Australian indicator set method was applied to assess the carbon footprint. Those three different mine tailings management were tailings paste (OPT 1), thickened tailings (OPT 2) and OPT 1 improvement. The extended strategies for OPT 1 were also proposed by improving flotation technology and introducing renewable energy sources (OPT 1A-G). These strategies changed fine coal segregation technology from column flotation to stack cell (OPT 1A) and substituted fossil fuels to renewable energy with the various reduction percentage of 10%, 30%, 50% (OPT 1B-G). The results of the analyses show that OPT 1 generated the highest carbon footprint compared to the base case scenario (OPT 2). Replacing column flotation with stack cell contributed to the reduction of carbon footprint by 18%. The renewable energy (the wind and solar) utilization of 10%, 30%, and 50% affected vary on the carbon footprint reduction from 24% to 44%.
Kampoeng Reklamasi: a case study of the designation reclamation type of an ex-tin minein Bangka Island, Indonesia
Authors: Syauqi A , Sudrajat J , Anbiyak N , Hutahaean B , Adnis R 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Air Jangkang mine is one of tin mines operated by PT TimahTbk in Bangka Island. Decades of mining operation produced piles of tailing which mainly composed of silica sand. The soil samples taken from the area indicate acidic soil, poor organic content, and low values of cation changing capacity in addition to low levels of phosphor and potassium. The low pH value also plays pivotal roles regarding the leaching and mobilization of heavy metals that accumulated in the water and soil. This study explains how the planning and implementation of other designation reclamation type as specified in the regulation. The critical stage in this reclamation area is the recovery and enrichment of nutrient-deficient soil so that the nutrients are available for plant uptake. In terms of food safety from the reclamation area, PT TimahTbk gives serious attention through implementing series of toxicity tests on crops and fish. The result illustrates that the toxic metal concentration in the vegetables, fruit, and fish are vary with the highest concentration of Pb and As are found in the vegetables. Samples taken from radish and spinach show Pb concentration at 6.1 ppm and 2.01 ppm respectively, exceeding Indonesian national standard at 0,5. This result suggests that heavy metals are mainly accumulated in the roots of a plant.
Danau Seran, a pit lake in an ex-mining area as an opportunity for sustainable tourism
Authors: Caesarina H M , Hirsan F P 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The mining activities left so many environmental impacts on its ex-mining areas. Some of the abandoned open-cut mines often filled by groundwater or rainwater and turn into pit lakes. Despite its toxic water and other environmental problem, this pit lakesbecome a tourist attraction in some areas. This research aimed to analyse whether a pit lake in the ex-mining area is potential for sustainable tourism and how it impacts the environment and local community. This research took DanauSeran (Seran Lake), ex-diamond mining as a case study. Some field research and interviews with local communities were done during this research. The environmental condition of the area shows that the water of Danau Seran is acidic and harmful for long term daily use. No green plantation is seen in the area. Based on 3A tourism principle (Attractiveness, Amenity, Accessibilities), Danau Seran has fulfilled almost all principles of 3A. The result shows that Danau Seran as a pit lake needs to improve its environmental quality and community development through reclamation. Hence, this will create an opportunity for sustainable tourism.
Good mining practices toward a good mine management: a case of mining business permit issuance
Authors: Haris O K , Djamiati T S , Adiansyah J S 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Maladministration fundamentally starts from the misconduct of public officials. It then extends to providing bad service ranging from acceptance, process, and administration execution, which includes the issuance of permit in mining sector. Mining management plays an important role in meeting people’s needs. The management also serves an important function to provide added value to national economic growth and sustainable regional development. This study aims to examine the correct method to find the philosophy of Mining Business Permit (IUP) issuance, norm formulation of government authority to grant IUP, and government authority to issue IUP that carries implication for criminal offense. The methods combine two approaches, namely legal and problem approach. The application of such method can contribute to the formulation of an integrated holistic policy to issue IUP and optimize collective strategic resources for the greater good of human life. This study found that maladministration of mining business permit has engendered complexities and overlapping decisions in both vertical and horizontal levels. In vertical level, conflict of authority and overlapping decisions occuredin central and regional government.
Community understanding and attitude levels on the implementation of illegal sand mining on the Induk Beach, West Lombok
Authors: Rochayati N , Mahsup  , Ibrahim  , Herianto A , Johari H I 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Taman Ayu Village in Gerung, West Lombok District, has a prospect as an up-coming tourist area. It is unfortunate if the coastal sand mining activities damage the coastal regions. The research conducted aims to describe the level of understanding and attitude of the community towards the impact of mining illegally. This research method is descriptive, with a qualitative approach by using observation, in-depth interviews. The results of the study show that mining is carried out by the community, because of the need for beach sand for building materials, especially as the final content for making ornaments or home decorations. Coastal sand mining caused a decrease in the beach surface, potential disasters, and coastal abrasion. The positive impact of these activities is increasing the income of the mining community. The community has understood that sand mining activities cause damage to coastal areas, but due to economic demands, the community continues to carry out these activities. In tackling illegal mining on the central coast, the role and responsibility of the Government is integral. Banning and giving warnings in the form of installing warning boards around the mining site as well as providing specialized training for mining officials to provide an understanding to stop the mining activities.
A basic study on artificial aging in Mg-10Al12Si+1Pb alloy
Authors: Cicek Bunyamin , Aydogmus Tuna , Sun Yavuz 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this study, research has been made on the aging of metal matrix composite materials produced by the in situ casting system. Mg matrix composite material was produced by the in situ casting system. In this study, 90%Mg + 10% Al12Si (wt) ingot casting was performed for alloy formation and 1% Pb was added as an alloying element to the melted structure. This study aims to examine the effect of the artificial aging (AA) process on hardness and microstructure after alloying and composite of Mg metal. The in situ casting system was used in the casting of Mg alloy under the Ar gas atmosphere. The material after required casting homogenization process; for the AA process, they were embedded in a powder graphite filled vessel and kept at 350 °C for 1 h and then quenched (with 25 °C water). Later; after quenching, the materials were kept at 150 °C for 2, 4, 12, 16 and 24 h and aged samples were obtained. Microstructure images were obtained from the samples by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and light optical microscope (LOM) and then the hardness values of the micro hardness device were measured. Grain structure because of AA heat treatment; showed changes according to un-aging material. The hardness value is directly proportional to the increasing aging time of the materials applied to the AA process; it was found that the levels increased approximately to 45% (86HV to 125HV) compared to the un-aging material and passed to the fixing phase.
On flexural and pull out properties of 3D printed PLA based hybrid composite matrix
Authors: Kumar Sudhir , Singh Rupinder , Singh T P , Batish Ajay 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) has been widely explored for number of commercially available virgin thermoplastics (such as: poly lactic acid (PLA), nylon, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) etc), thermoplastic based composites and printing conditions. But hitherto little has been reported on flexural and pull-out properties of 3D printed PLA based hybrid composite matrix (having magnetostrictive properties) especially in structural engineering applications. In the present work an effort has been made for 3D printing of PLA hybrid composite matrix (having magnetic characteristics) to investigate the flexural and pull out properties. The photo micro-graphic analysis and Shore D hardness has been performed on the printed samples and multifactor optimization tool has been used for optimizing the printing conditions. From multifactor optimization viewpoint it has been ascertained that infill density 100%; infill angle 45°; and infill speed 90 mm s−1 are the best printing conditions. Further from morphological testing it has been observed that mechanical properties (flexural and pull out) are dependent upon the hardness, surface porosity and surface roughness (Ra). The creo structural analysis supported with photomicrographs have been performed on the samples prepared at best setting of input parameters and it has been found that strain increases downward along the thickness and is maximum at lowest layer due to which the failure starts from the base line in flexural testing.
PEGlatyon-SPION surface functionalization with folic acid for magnetic hyperthermia applications
Authors: Piazza Rodolfo Debone , Viali Wesley Renato , dos Santos Caio Carvalho , Nunes Eloiza S , Marques Rodrigo Fernando C , Morais Paulo C , da Silva Sebastião William , Coaquira José Antonio H , Jafelicci Miguel 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) are of great interest for application in magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) due to their heat generation capability in an external alternating magnetic field, besides biocompatibility, and surface properties. MFH has emerged as a promisor therapeutic approach for cancer treatment and is based in controlled heating tumor tissue through the accumulation of SPIONs within cancer cells. This work describes a new route for the preparation of folate-conjugated PEGylated SPIONs, which involves the attachment of such molecules at the surface through polycondensation reactions, without the need for coupling agents or prior modification on the species involved. The size of iron oxide cores obtained by transmission electron microscopy was about 12 nm. The conjugation of folate onto SPIONs was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The folate conjugated nanoparticles were colloidal stable in PBS, presenting a hydrodynamic diameter of 109 ± 1 nm and PDI 0.148. The obtained folate-targeted PEGylated SPIONs showed superparamagnetic behavior with a saturation magnetization of 73.1 emu·g−1 at 300 K. Their specific absorption rate (SAR) ranged from 32.8 to 15.0 W g−1 in an alternating magnetic field of 10–16 kA m−1 and frequency of 420–203 kHz. The heat generated was sufficient to raise the sample temperature to the therapeutic range used in MFH establishing this system as promising candidates for use in MFH treatment.
Variation in seed traits among Mediterranean oaks in Tunisia and their ecological significance
Authors: Amimi Nabil , Dussert Stéphane , Vaissayre Virginie , Ghouil Hana , Doulbeau Sylvie , Costantini Carlo , Ammari Youssef , Joët Thierry 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background and Aims
Oaks are the foundation and dominant tree species of most Mediterranean forests. As climate models predict dramatic changes in the Mediterranean basin, a better understanding of the ecophysiology of seed persistence and germination in oaks could help define their regeneration niches. Tunisian oaks occupy distinct geographical areas, which differ in their rainfall and temperature regimes, and are thus a valuable model to investigate relationships between seed traits and species ecological requirements.

Methods
Seed morphological traits, desiccation sensitivity level, lethal freezing temperature, embryonic axis and cotyledon sugar and lipid composition, and seed and acorn germination rates at various constant temperatures were measured in Quercus canariensis, Q. coccifera, Q. ilex and Q. suber, using seeds sampled in 22 Tunisian woodlands.

Key Results
Only faint differences were observed for desiccation sensitivity in the oak species studied. By contrast, the species differed significantly in sensitivity to freezing, germination rates at low temperature and base temperature. Quercus ilex and Q. canariensis, which occur at high elevations where frost events are frequent, showed the lowest freezing sensitivity. A significant correlation was found between hexose contents in the embryonic axis and freezing tolerance. Significant interspecific differences in the time for seeds to germinate and the time for the radicle to pierce the pericarp were observed. The ratio of pericarp mass to acorn mass differed significantly among the species and was negatively correlated with the acorn germination rate. Quercus coccifera, which is frequent in warm and arid environments, showed the highest acorn germination rate and synchrony.

Conclusions
Seed lethal temperature, seed germination time at low temperatures, the ratio of pericarp mass to acorn mass and the embryonic axis hexose content appeared to be key functional traits that may influence the geographical ranges and ecological requirements of Mediterranean oaks in Tunisia.
Socio-ecological factors shape the opportunity for polygyny in a migratory songbird
Authors: Canal David , Schlicht Lotte , Manzano Javier , Camacho Carlos , Potti Jaime 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWhy females pair with already mated males and the mechanisms behind variation in such polygynous events within and across populations and years remain open questions. Here, we used a 19-year data set from a pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) population to investigate, through local networks of breeding pairs, the socio-ecological factors related to the probability of being involved in a polygynous event in both sexes. Then, we examined how the breeding contexts experienced by individuals shaped the spatial and temporal separation between broods of polygamous males. The probability of polygyny decreased with the distance between nests. Indeed, secondary females were often close neighbors of primary females, although the distance between both nests increased slightly with increasing synchrony between them. The probability of polygyny was also related to the breeding time of individuals because early breeding males were more likely to become polygynous with late-breeding females. Throughout the season, there was substantial variation in the temporal separation between primary and secondary broods, and this separation was, in turn, related to the breeding asynchrony of the polygamous males (in the primary nest) relative to the neighbors. Polygynous males that bred late relative to their neighbors had a short time window to attract a second female and, thus, the breeding interval between their primary and secondary broods was reduced. Overall, the spatial proximity between polygynous males’ broods and, if the opportunity existed, their temporal staggering are compatible with a male strategy to maximize paternity and reduce the costs of caring for two broods, though the effect of female’s interest, either primary or secondary, cannot be fully ruled out. We highlight that a comprehensive assessment of the breeding contexts faced by individuals is essential to understand mating decisions and reconcile the discrepancies raised by previous work on social polygyny.
BiORSEO: a bi-objective method to predict RNA secondary structures with pseudoknots using RNA 3D modules
Authors: Becquey Louis , Angel Eric , Tahi Fariza 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Motivation
RNA loops have been modelled and clustered from solved 3D structures into ordered collections of recurrent non-canonical interactions called ‘RNA modules’, available in databases. This work explores what information from such modules can be used to improve secondary structure prediction. We propose a bi-objective method for predicting RNA secondary structures by minimizing both an energy-based and a knowledge-based potential. The tool, called BiORSEO, outputs secondary structures corresponding to the optimal solutions from the Pareto set.

Results
We compare several approaches to predict secondary structures using inserted RNA modules information: two module data sources, Rna3Dmotif and the RNA 3D Motif Atlas, and different ways to score the module insertions: module size, module complexity or module probability according to models like JAR3D and BayesPairing. We benchmark them against a large set of known secondary structures, including some state-of-the-art tools, and comment on the usefulness of the half physics-based, half data-based approach.

Availability and implementation
The software is available for download on the EvryRNA website, as well as the datasets.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Gapsplit: efficient random sampling for non-convex constraint-based models
Authors: Keaty Thomas C , Jensen Paul A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Summary
Gapsplit generates random samples from convex and non-convex constraint-based models by targeting under-sampled regions of the solution space. Gapsplit provides uniform coverage of linear, mixed-integer and general non-linear models.

Availability and implementation
Python and Matlab source code are freely available at http://jensenlab.net/tools.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Cell-Mediated Immunity and CMV Infection After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: The REACT Study
Authors: Chemaly Roy F , El Haddad Lynn , Winston Drew J , Rowley Scott D , Mulane Kathleen M , Chandrasekar Pranatharthi , Avery Robin K , Hari Parameswaran , Peggs Karl S , Kumar Deepali , Nath Rajneesh , Ljungman Per , Mossad Sherif B , Dadwal Sanjeet S , Blanchard Ted , Shah Dimpy P , Jiang Ying , Ariza-Heredia Ella 
Published: January 2020

Abstract

Background
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) recipients. CMV cell-mediated immunity (CMV-CMI) as determined by a peptide-based enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) CMV assay may identify patients at risk for clinically significant CMV infection (CS-CMVi).

Methods
The CS-CMVi was defined as CMV viremia and/or disease necessitating antiviral therapy. CMV-CMI was characterized as high when the intermediate-early 1 (IE-1) antigen spot counts (SPCs) were &gt;100 (cutoff 1) or when the IE-1 and phosphoprotein 65 antigen SPCs were both &gt;100 SPCs per 250 000 cells (cutoff 2), and a low CMV-CMI when SPCs were below these thresholds. In this prospective multicenter study, we evaluated CMV-CMI every 2 weeks from the pretransplant period until 6 months posttransplantation in 241 allo-HCT recipients with positive CMV serostatus. The primary endpoint was CS-CMVi occurring within 2 weeks of the last measurement of CMV-CMI.

Results
CS-CMVi occurred in 70 allo-HCT recipients (29%). CMV-CMI was low in patients who experienced CS-CMVi (94%), whereas those who had a high CMV-CMI were less likely to have CS-CMVi (P &lt; .0001). Patients with CS-CMVi had higher all-cause mortality (P = .007), especially those with low CMV-CMI (P = .035). On multivariable analysis, CMV-CMI, sex, race, antithymocyte globulin, and steroid use were independent predictors of CS-CMVi, and the time from transplant to engraftment was the only predictor of mortality.

Conclusions
Measurement of CMV-CMI using a novel ELISPOT assay would be useful clinically to monitor allo-HCT recipients and distinguish between those at risk of developing CS-CMVi and requiring antiviral prophylaxis or therapy and those who are protected.