bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PM2.5 Induces the Instability of Atherosclerotic Plaques by Activating the Notch Signaling Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Zhao Tianyang , Zhang Yuezhu , Li Xu , Ge Zhili , Shi Jingjing , Wang Tianyou , Zhang Jiaxin , Zhang Xinyu , Jiang Huibin , Zhou Liting , Ye Lin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFine particulate matter (PM2.5) can exacerbate the instability of atherosclerotic plaques although the exact chemical process driving atherosclerosis remains unknown. In order to create atherosclerotic models, a high‐fat diet and vitamin D3 injections were given to 56 Wistar rats in this investigation. The atherosclerotic rats were split into four groups at random and given different doses of PM2.5 (0, 1.5, 7.5, and 37.5 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. To investigate the mechanism, foam cells were exposed to PM2.5 (0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL) for 24 h. The results showed that PM2.5 exposure caused collagen fibers thinner and muscle fibers were disorganized. PM2.5 exposure significantly affected the expression of MMP2, MMP9, TIMP2, and vimentin in aortas of atherosclerotic rats. Moreover, PM2.5 exposure increased the expression of the Notch signaling pathways which was correlated with the expression of atherosclerotic plaque stability‐related genes. PM2.5 exposure also increased the apoptosis rate of foam cells. The expression of MMP2, MMP9, and vimentin was increased and TIMP2 was decreased with the increasing PM2.5 dose in foam cells. The inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway can alleviate the alteration of atherosclerotic plaque stability‐related genes. The findings demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure can cause atherosclerotic plaques to become unstable, aggravating the progression of atherosclerosis, a process in which the Notch signaling pathway is crucial.
Synthesis and textural characterization of Mn‐doped GdFeO3 perovskite for enhancement photo‐Fenton degradation of dye
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thu Huyen , Phan Thi To Nga 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this study, GdFeO3 (GFO) and Mn‐doped GFO (Mn/GFO) photocatalysts were prepared via hydrothermal method for photo‐Fenton degradation of methyl orange. Different characterization techniques were employed to confirm Mn was successfully incorporated into the lattice of GdFeO3 perovskite. The influence of Mn doping on the photo‐Fenton catalytic activity of Mn/GFO was also studied. The experimental results showed that the Mn‐doped GdFeO3 photocatalyst exhibited greater photo‐Fenton catalytic performance under visible light irradiation than undoped GdFeO3 sample. Particularly, the methyl orange degradation rate of 10Mn‐doped GdFeO3 could reach up to 97.2%. And the first order kinetic constant of optimized conditions (0.0456 min−1) using 10Mn‐doped GdFeO3 was about 4.97 times than that of pure GdFeO3. Besides, the as‐prepared photocatalyst possessed favorable stability and reusability after four cycles of use. This work presents the potential application of Mn‐doped GdFeO3 in the degradation of dye in visible region.
Expert Consensus to Establish Scientific Truths
Authors: Jorm Anthony 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the most controversial area where consensus is involved—establishing scientific truths. It reviews the range of positions taken by philosophers, historians and sociologists of science, from those who take a strongly positive position through to those who are largely negative about the role of consensus in establishing truth. Despite the varying views, there is some agreement from these writers about the conditions under which consensus is more likely to indicate truth: (1) The consensus needs to be rational, empirical and critically examined. (2) The group coming to the consensus needs to be diverse. (3) The group needs to be open-minded, and there is no coercion of dissenters. (4) The group needs to be sufficiently large to get reliable results. It concludes that consensus can be a strong indicator of truth under certain conditions.
Expert Consensus on Research Methods
Authors: Jorm Anthony 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis chapter discusses how consensus processes are used by scientists to agree on what research methodologies in their field are sound. Many methodological innovations are accepted by a spontaneous consensus. This is more likely where there is no existing method or existing methods can be improved. With such methods, the level of innovation is high and can be provided by an individual scientist or a small team. Other methodological innovations achieve consensus through a deliberative process. This more commonly occurs where there are existing methods, but these need standardization or infrastructure for dissemination. It requires coordination of efforts across a larger number of scientists and may require creating a new organization to support the dissemination of the methodology.
The axion is going dark
Authors: Dierigl Markus , Novičić Dušan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this work we explore the effect of a non-Abelian dark sector gauge group that couples to the axion field. In particular, we analyze effects that arise if the dark sector gauge group mixes topologically with the Standard Model. This is achieved by gauging a subgroup of the global center 1-form symmetries which embeds non-trivially in both the visible as well as the dark sector gauge groups. Leaving the local dynamics unchanged, this effect modifies the quantization conditions for the topological couplings of the axion, which enter the estimate of a lower bound on the axion-photon coupling. In the presence of a dark sector this lower bound can be reduced significantly, which might open up interesting new parameter regions for axion physics. We further determine the allowed exotic matter representations in the presence of topological mixing with a dark sector, explore the generalized categorical symmetries of such axion theories, and comment on other model-independent phenomenological consequences.
Master integrals for e+e− → 2γ process at large energies and angles
Authors: Lee Roman N. , Stotsky Vyacheslav A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We calculate master integrals for the two-loop QED corrections to e+e− → 2γ in terms of generalized power series with respect to electron mass. The coefficients of this series are expressed via Goncharov’s polylogarithms. Our approach exploits a number of modern multiloop methods: IBP reduction, differential equations for master integrals, Frobenius method, reduction to ϵ-form, and DRA method.
Self-supervised representation learning for robust fine-grained human hand action recognition in industrial assembly lines
Authors: Sturm Fabian , Trat Martin , Sathiyababu Rahul , Allipilli Harshitha , Menz Benjamin , Hergenroether Elke , Siegel Melanie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Humans are still indispensable on industrial assembly lines, but in the event of an error, they need support from intelligent systems. In addition to the objects to be observed, it is equally important to understand the fine-grained hand movements of a human to be able to track the entire process. However, these deep-learning-based hand action recognition methods are very label intensive, which cannot be offered by all industrial companies due to the associated costs. This work therefore presents a self-supervised learning approach for industrial assembly processes that allows a spatio-temporal transformer architecture to be pre-trained on a variety of information from real-world video footage of daily life. Subsequently, this deep learning model is adapted to the industrial assembly task at hand using only a few labels. Well-known real-world datasets best suited for representation learning of such hand actions in a regression tasks are outlined and to what extent they optimize the subsequent supervised trained classification task. This subsequent fine-tuning is supplemented by concept drift detection, which makes the resulting productively employed models more robust against concept drift and future changing assembly movements.
Echocardiographic Changes in Infants with Severe Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia After Fetoscopic Endoluminal Tracheal Occlusion (FETO)
Authors: Avitabile Catherine M. , Flohr Sabrina , Mathew Leny , Wang Yan , Ash Devon , Gebb Juliana S. , Rintoul Natalie E. , Hedrick Holly L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO) induces lung growth and may improve survival in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) but the effect on post-natal right (RV) and left (LV) ventricular size and cardiac function is unknown. Quantitative measures of heart size and function including tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion Z-score (TAPSEZ), RV fractional area change (RVFAC), RV global longitudinal and free wall strain (RVGLS, RVFWS), RV/LV ratio, LV eccentricity index (LVEI), and LV M-mode diastolic and systolic Z-scores (LVIDDZ, LVIDSZ) were compared between FETO and control patients on first post-natal echocardiogram, prior to and post CDH repair, and on last available echocardiogram using non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test in a single-center, retrospective cohort study. Linear regression models evaluated change over time, adjusting for clustering and interaction of echocardiogram parameters with time. Thirty-two patients (10 FETO, 22 control) met inclusion criteria. At first echocardiogram, FETO patients demonstrated lower RV/LV ratio and LVEI (p = 0.01 for both) indicating less RV dilation and less ventricular septal displacement, respectively. LV hypoplasia was less severe in FETO patients (p = 0.01 for both LVIDDZ and LVIDSZ) initially. After repair, FETO patients demonstrated better RV systolic function compared to control patients by FAC (p < 0.01), RVGLS (p = 0.02), and RVFWS (p = 0.05). Over time, FETO patients demonstrated greater improvements in RV/LV ratio and LVEI but smaller increases in LV dimensions compared to control patients. Improvements in RV function were similar between the groups. FETO patients demonstrate differences in cardiac size and function compared to control patients.
Changes in hippocampal volume and affective functioning after a moderate intensity running intervention
Authors: Klepits Patrick , Koschutnig Karl , Zussner Thomas , Fink Andreas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study examined the effects of a moderately intense seven-week running intervention on the hippocampal volume and depressive symptoms of young men (20–31 years of age) from the general population (N = 21). A within-subjects-design involving a two-week baseline period before the running intervention, and two subsequent intervention cycles was applied. At four time points of assessment (t1: start of the study; t2: end of baseline period/start of the intervention; t3: end of the first intervention cycle; t4: end of the 2nd intervention cycle/study end) magnetic resonance imaging was performed and symptoms related to depression were assessed employing the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. The intervention resulted in a significant increase in the estimated maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), measured with a standardized walking test (average increase from 42.07 ml*kg− 1*min− 1 to 46.07 ml*kg− 1*min− 1). The CES-D scores decreased significantly over the course of the running intervention (average decrease from 12.76 to 10.48 on a 20-point scale). Significant volumetric increases in the hippocampus were found, most notably after the first intervention cycle in the left (average increase from 613.41 mm³ to 620.55 mm³) and right hippocampal tail (average increase from 629.77 mm³ to 638.17 mm³). These findings provide new evidence regarding the temporal dynamics of hippocampal changes following engagement in physical activity.
Risks and use of ERCP during the diagnostic workup in a national cohort of biliary cancer
Authors: Forslund Anna , Haraldsson Erik , Holmberg Erik , Naredi Peter , Rizell Magnus 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
In biliary cancer, the indication of endoscopic intervention might be diagnostic as well as therapeutic, in the latter situation with the aim to relieve biliary obstruction e.g. by stenting. Our aim was to investigate the use of endoscopic biliary interventions during the diagnostic workup of biliary cancers in a national cohort, and to evaluate their complications, especially cholangitis and pancreatitis.

Methods
This is a registry-based study of national cohort of patients with biliary cancers in Sweden 2010–2020. The use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) during the diagnostic work up period before treatment onset, and risk of complications were evaluated in patients with gallbladder cancer, intrahepatic-, perihilar- and distal cholangiocarcinoma. The risk of complications was compared depending on age, sex, comorbidity, in relation to stage and curative intent, endoscopy unit size, and with relation to survival.

Results
Forty percent of the patients with biliary cancer underwent ERCP during the diagnostic workup, with variations depending on diagnosis. There was a 20% overall risk of periprocedural complications, a 9% risk of post-ERCP-pancreatitis (PEP), and a 6% risk of cholangitis. Increasing tumor stage did not increase risk, nor did comorbidity. The complication rates were slightly higher for younger patients and those undergoing curative treatment. For perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) treated with curative intention, the risk of periprocedural complications was as high as 30.7%. No association between post-ERCP complications and survival was found.

Conclusion
Irrespective of type of biliary cancer, ERCP is frequently used during diagnostic workup. The complication risk indicates that primary biliary cancers are complication prone, regardless of stage. Notably the risk of complications was the highest for younger patients with low comorbidity scores, as well as for patients undergoing curatively aiming treatment.
Lattice strain model for rare earth element partitioning between apatite and silicate melt: effect of apatite/melt composition and temperature with implications for lunar basalts
Authors: Jirků Markéta , Špillar Václav , Fabbrizio Alessandro 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe present new parameterized lattice strain models to predict the apatite/silicate melt partition coefficients of the rare earth elements (REE) in natural magmatic systems as a function of temperature and melt composition with high accuracy and precision. We collected published experimental REE partition coefficients for apatite coexisting with melt ranging from picrobasaltic to rhyolitic and phonolitic composition. Resulting dataset was analysed using the lattice strain model to assess the data quality. The three lattice strain parameters (D0, r0, and E) were subjected to a multivariate nonlinear least-squares analysis as a function of intensive variables, and we attempted to develop two independent models, on the basis of melt and apatite composition. In melt composition-based model, it was found that the D0 parameter increases with increasing melt polymerization, which can be expressed by the newly proposed simplified melt polymerization index P.I. = ($$\:{X}_{{\text{S}\text{i}\text{O}}_{2}}$$+2$$\:{X}_{{\text{A}\text{l}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{3}}$$+$$\:{X}_{{\text{T}\text{i}\text{O}}_{2}}$$+2$$\:{X}_{{\text{P}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{5}}$$)/($$\:{X}_{\text{M}\text{g}\text{O}}$$+$$\:{X}_{\text{F}\text{e}\text{O}}$$+$$\:{X}_{\text{C}\text{a}\text{O}}$$+2$$\:{X}_{\text{a}\text{l}\text{k}}$$), where individual $$\:{X}_{i}$$ variables represent the molar fractions of the oxides in the melt. By disentangling the effect of each component of the P.I., it was found that the CaO content of the melt is the oxide that affects more the D0 parameter. Thus, the D0 parameter is expressed as a power law function of melt CaO content. Through extensive search of the parameter space, the E and r0 variables were found to correlate strongly with linear combination of melt CaO, P2O5 and of reciprocal temperature, 1/T. Based on the apatite composition, we could not find any dependence of the partitioning parameters on compositional variables that would outperform solely a reciprocal temperature-based fit. The new parameterization was applied to predict REE partition coefficients in lunar basalts and suggests that lunar apatite could only equilibrate with evolved melt at late stages of fractional crystallisation.
A survey of multimodal event detection based on data fusion
Authors: Mondal Manuel , Khayati Mourad , Sandlin Hông-Ân , Cudré-Mauroux Philippe 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
With the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the rise of shared multimedia content on social media networks, available datasets have become increasingly heterogeneous. Several multimodal techniques for detecting events in data of different types and formats have emerged. Those techniques implement various detection algorithms and present different trade-offs in terms of data fusion. Unfortunately, little is known about their underlying detection mechanisms, as existing comparisons are limited to either unimodal event detection techniques or specific types or representations for multimodal techniques. Understanding the behavior of multimodal event detection techniques remains an acute open research problem. In this work, we present a systematic literature review of multimodal event detection techniques. We describe how various techniques leverage information from different modalities through data fusion. We further propose a novel taxonomy of multimodal event detection techniques according to their temporal orientation and the inner workings of their detection mechanism. Finally, we analyze the datasets and metrics used in previous works as well as their reported results. Our survey allows to uncover the properties of each approach and discuss future research directions in this field.
Medizinische Herausforderungen in der Starkregenkatastrophe im Ahrtal 2021
Authors: Rohde Annika , Schmidbauer Willi , Didion Nicole , Ritter Dennis , Demare Tim , Jänig Christoph 
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Ausgehend von den Zuflüssen ergoss sich eine Flutwelle entlang der Ahr. Das Überflutungsgebiet erstreckte sich über eine Fläche von ca. 40 km2 links und rechts der Ahr. Das Ausmaß dieser Naturkatastrophe stellte die beteiligten Einsatzkräfte vor zahlreiche Herausforderungen.

Methodik
Durch Interviews mit Führungskräften verschiedener Führungsstufen wurden Erkenntnisse aus den ersten Tagen der Schadensbewältigung strukturiert erfasst. Die Ergebnisse wurden in der Gruppe der Autor:innen diskutiert, konsentiert und Rationale abgeleitet, welche bei künftigen Schadensereignissen helfen sollen, die identifizierten Probleme zu antizipieren bzw. zu vermeiden.

Ergebnisse
Anhand der Interviewergebnisse konnten folgende für das Gelingen kritische Punkte herausgearbeitet werden: 1. Die medizinische Versorgung in Großschadenslagen benötigt klare Aufgabenverteilungen und Verantwortlichkeiten bezüglich der Grund- und Notfallversorgung. 2. Eine sichere Kommunikation zwischen Einsatzleitung und Einsatzkräften ist entscheidend für die Führungsfähigkeit. 3. Die Führungsgrundgebiete der medizinischen und feuerwehrtechnischen Sachgebiete müssen gemeinsam besetzt werden.

Schlussfolgerungen
In der Chaosphase entsprechen die primären Aufgaben denen kleinerer Lagen (u. a. Lagefeststellung, Menschenrettung). Sobald die kritische Infrastruktur in großem Maße geschädigt ist, entstehen Herausforderungen, welche besondere Qualifikationen der eingesetzten Führungskräfte verlangen. Zentrale, überregional zuständige Führungseinheiten und regelmäßige gemeinsame Übungen (u. a. in Lagebewertung, Entscheidungsfähigkeit, Prognose, interprofessioneller Zusammenarbeit) von organisatorisch-taktischen Stäben und Verwaltungsstäben sowie der Fachberatung Gesundheit können einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur besseren Bewältigung großer Schadenslagen leisten.
The second wave
Authors: Rachel Lukasz 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhat determines whether an epidemic unfolds in multiple waves? In the absence of a vaccine, populations remain vulnerable to future outbreaks as long as susceptibility levels stay above the herd immunity threshold. The effectiveness of mitigation policies is therefore critical: a highly effective lockdown can paradoxically increase the likelihood of a second wave. This paper uses a calibrated model to study both the decentralized equilibrium and the optimal policy in a scenario where mitigation is only moderately effective. The findings show that equilibrium and optimal mitigation strategies are qualitatively similar in this case. Fiscal costs decrease the optimal length of the lockdown, narrowing the gap between equilibrium and optimal policies. We also use the model to evaluate the welfare costs of deviating from the optimal policy.
Semi-supervised Ensemble Learning for Automatic Interpretation of Lung Ultrasound Videos
Authors: Malainho Bárbara , Freitas João , Rodrigues Catarina , Tonelli Ana Claudia , Santanchè André , Carvalho-Filho Marco A. , Fonseca Jaime C. , Queirós Sandro 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPoint-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) stands as a safe, portable, and cost-effective imaging modality for swift bedside patient examinations. Specifically, lung ultrasonography (LUS) has proven useful in evaluating both acute and chronic pulmonary conditions. Despite its clinical value, automatic LUS interpretation remains relatively unexplored, particularly in multi-label contexts. This work proposes a novel deep learning (DL) framework tailored for interpreting lung POCUS videos, whose outputs are the finding(s) present in these videos (such as A-lines, B-lines, or consolidations). The pipeline, based on a residual (2+1)D architecture, initiates with a pre-processing routine for video masking and standardisation, and employs a semi-supervised approach to harness available unlabeled data. Additionally, we introduce an ensemble modeling strategy that aggregates outputs from models trained to predict distinct label sets, thereby leveraging the hierarchical nature of LUS findings. The proposed framework and its building blocks were evaluated through extensive experiments with both multi-class and multi-label models, highlighting its versatility. In a held-out test set, the categorical proposal, suited for expedite triage, achieved an average F1-score of 92.4%, while the multi-label proposal, helpful for patient management and referral, achieved an average F1-score of 70.5% across five relevant LUS findings. Overall, the semi-supervised methodology contributed significantly to improved performance, while the proposed hierarchy-aware ensemble provided moderate additional gains.