bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Taurine in Infant Formulas Using Ultrafiltration and Cation-Exchange Chromatography
Authors: Nicolas Edgar C , Pfender Kathleen A , Aoun Michael A , Hemmer Jane E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A fast and simple method for determination of taurine in Infant formulas has been developed. The sample preparation uses disposable ultrafiltration cartridges to remove protein and clarify the sample. Hydrolysis Is avoided, simplifying the procedure and increasing efficiency. One mL sample Is centrlfuged In a cartridge for 45 mln. The filtrate Is diluted with pH 2.2 citrate buffer and Injected into a high performance amino acid analyzer. A cation-exchange column (sodium phase) Is used with a single buffer eluant and an Isocratic chromatographic program. Colorimetrlc detection is performed following post-column nlnhydrln reaction. Chromatographic resolution from other nlnhydrln-posltive compounds is excellent. Average recoveries for 3 levels of spike for various products were 100-102%. Precision Is 1-3% RSD, depending on product. Linearity, specificity, and ruggedness are excellent. The method Is applicable to quality control testing of milk-based, soy-based, and prehydrolyzed proteinbased Infant formulas In the ready-to-use, concentrate, and powder forms. A variety of commercially available Infant formulas from different manufacturers were analyzed and all were found to contain taurine levels comparable to human milk. Some human milk and cow's milk samples were also analyzed and results compare well with literature values
Determination of Biphenyl Residues in Citrus Fruit by Derivative Infrared Spectrophotometry
Authors: Losada P Paseiro , Lozano J Simal , Gándara J Simal 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A method for determination of biphenyl residues In whole citrus fruit Is described. The mascerated fruit was distilled In an acid medium, the distillate was extracted with cyclohexane, and biphenyl was determined In the extract using various measures obtained by first and second derivative Infrared (IR) spectrophotometry. Calculations were performed by PE680 and SNGLE programs on data obtained using a Perkln- Elmer Model 3600 data station. The relative precision of the determinations at 70 ppm was 1.8 to 2.0%; the detection limit was 5 ppm In all measurements, and recovery of spiking concentrations of 20 to 80 ppm ranged from 90.2 ± 5.5 % (for the amplitude of the 739 cm-1 peak of the first derivative) to 97.5 db 2.0% (for the trough-to-peak difference from the 737 cm-1 minimum to the 743 cm-1 maximum of the second derivative).
Determination of Methyl Nonyl Ketone by Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Bushway Rodney J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic (LC) method has been developed to determine methyl nonyl ketone, a dog and cat repellent, In formulations. Corn cob formulations were extracted In acetonltrlle for 1 min using a Polytron mixer; liquid formulations were diluted with acetonitrile. A 10 juL aliquot was Injected Into a Vydac 218 TP54 column, monitored at 280 nm. The mobile phase was acetonitrlle-methanol-water-lsopropanol (225 + 200 + 50 + 25). Total analysis time was 5 min. Six different solid formulations and 5 different liquid formulations were analyzed 6 times with all percent coefficients of variation (% CV) below 4. Purity of each methyl nonyl ketone chromatographic peak was checked using a photodlode array detector In peak purity mode. No Interferences were observed at 280 nm.
Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Technical Deltamethrin and Deltamethrin in Pesticide Formulations: CIPAC Collaborative Study
Authors: Hanks Alan R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic method for determination of deltamethrin In 6 different technical and formulated products was collaboratively studied In 14 laboratories. Each sample Is dissolved In lsooctane-1,4-dloxane (80 + 20), separated by LC on a silica gel column (cyano column for ultra low volume formulation), and detected at 254 nm (230 nm for ≤0.5% powder formulations). Quantitation Is done by peak area measurements. Relative standard deviations for repeatability and reproducibility ranged from 0.56 to 1.00% and from 0.76 to 2.90%, respectively. The method has been approved Interim official first action by AOAC as a CIPAC-AOAC method.
Development of Milk Powder Reference Materials BCR-CRM 187,188. Part II. Certification
Authors: Griepink Bernard , Quirijns Jan K , Van Der Paauw Kees G , Mulders Ed J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Certification of the content of organochiorlne pesticides and their metabolites (OCPs) In 2 milk powders Is described. The OCPs are: hexachlorobenzene, HCH-lsomers (α-HCH, β- HCH, and γ-HCH), β-heptachlor epoxide, dleidrln, endrln, p,p'-DDE, and p.p'-DDT. CRM 187 Is a natural milk powder with low levels of OCPs (1.5 to 6.6 μg/kg); CRM 188 Is a spiked milk powder with levels up to 70 μg/kg on a dry weight basis. Particular emphasis is placed on the independence of the measurements done by 21 participants, the control of errors, and the statistical evaluation.
Survey of Total and Bioavailable Chromium in Grain and Cereal Products by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Authors: Plessi Maria , Monzani Agar 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The chromium content of samples of cereals, legumes, oil seeds, and alimentary pastes (In the latter, bioavailable chromium as well) was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The chromium content in whole cereals differs substantially and Is mostly concentrated In pericarps. Variations occur not only among different types of cereals, but also among cereals of the same type, depending on the areas of origin. Concentration varies substantially even In samples of legumes and oil seeds. The content of bioavailable chromium (ethanol-extractable) Is, In most cases, more than 50% of the total chromium amount. This makes these products particularly Interesting as dietary supplements
Reaction to a Paper by Whitaker and Dickens on Aflatoxin Testing Plans for Shelled Peanuts in the U.S. and the Export Market
Authors: De Koe Willem J , Defize Peter R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The present paper examines a technical paper of Whitaker and Dickens on aflatoxin testing plans that discusses (without a literature reference) a testing plan used In The Netherlands. However, this testing plan has never been in operation. We present the current situation In The Netherlands with respect to legislation and sampling plans on aflatoxin, which has fairly Important consequences for the results of the simulation study of Whitaker and Dickens. It Is shown that the percentage of rejected U.S.-exported lots In The Netherlands would Increase from 16% to 27% based on the actual testing plan In The Netherlands. The need for International harmonization of testing, and the role of Codex Allmentarlus is also emphasized
Rapid Determination of Cholesterol in Selected Frozen Foods
Authors: Al-Hasani Sami M , Shabany Hossein , Hlavac Jan 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid method for determination of cholesterol in frozen foods has been developed. Direct saponification of the sample with alchoholic KOH was found to be faster, more economical, and less of a health hazard than the official AOAC method. Using direct saponification, the average recovery of cholesterol from spiked samples was 100.2%. When correlated with the AOAC method, the correlation coefficient was 0.9996. In addition, this method allows for analysis of 20 samples/day Instead of 8 samples/day by the AOAC method
Enzyme Immunoassay For Screening Of Sulfathiazole In Honey
Authors: Sheth Hasmukh B , sporns Peter 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A simple enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) was developed to screen honey samples for sulfathiazole (ST) adulteration. Honey samples required only a 30-fold dilution before use In the procedure. Because 96 well microtlter plates were used and only 100 μL of diluted honey sample was required per well, numerous replicates or samples could be tested simultaneously. The EIA was able to detect at least 0.3 ppm levels of ST In honey and also provide a rough quantitation of ST amounts.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Clobetasone-17-Butyrate in Ointments
Authors: Patel Ajay G , Patel Ramanbhai B , Patel Mukeshbhai R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic (LC) method has been developed for determination of clobetasone-17-butyrate In ointment using clobetasone propionate as an internal standard. Separation was carried out on a C18 reverse-phase column using water-methanol as a mobile phase. Methylparaben and propylparaben (both sodium salt) used as preservatives did not Interfere with separation. Compounds are detected photometrically at 235 nm. Mean assay results for 0.05% commercial ointments were 100.36% (n = 5). Mean recovery of clobetasone-17-butyrate added to commercial ointment was 99.89%.
Analysis of Zearalenone and a-Zearalenol in Urine of Ruminants Using Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Plasencia Javier , Mirocha Chester J , Pawlosky Robert J , Smith John F 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
The present paper describes a sensitive procedure for quantitative analysis of the Fusarlum mycotoxins zearalenone and α-zearalenol in urine of ruminants. Extraction is done with an octadecyl (C18) column and cleanup with a silica column providing a preparation that Is analyzed by gas chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The trlmethylsllyl ether derivatives of zearalenone and a-zearalenol yield molecular ions with m/z 462 and 536, respectively. These Ions are selected In the first mass analyzer and then fragmented In a collision cell to give characteristic daughter Ions (m/z 151, 333, 318, and 446). The method is known as multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Elimination of chemical background noise by selecting proper fragment ions produces chromatograms in which Identification and quantitation in a biological matrix is possible. The method was tested with sheep urine from an experimental feeding trial and was used to confirm natural mycotoxlcosis of cows affected with zearalenone. Zearalenone (1 ppb) and a-zearalenol (14 ppb) were found In 2 different cow urine samples. The detection limit for both zearalenone and zearalenol Is 1 ppb (1 ng/mL) In urine and Is linear between 1 and 20 ppb for the former and 1 and 10 ppb for the latter.
Determination of Phytic Acid in Cereals Using ICP-AES to Determine Phosphorus
Authors: Plaami Sirkka , Kumpulainen Jorma 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A novel approach for determination of phytic acid in cereals has been applied In 2 traditional methods. In the first, phytic acid in a sample extract is first separated and concentrated by ion-exchange chromatography. The phytic acid concentrate is then quantitatively determined as phosphorus by Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). In the second method, extracted phytic acid Is first precipitated by FeCI3 solution. The complexed iron is converted to ferric hydroxide by adding NaOH, thus releasing phytic acid as soluble sodium phytate. Phytate is then quantitatively determined as phosphorus by ICP-AES. In these methods, both the difficult acid digestion and the spectrometry determination of phosphorus found In traditional methods are eliminated by using ICP-AES. This results In a method that Is simpler, faster, and more accurate than earlier procedures.
Levels of Pesticide Residues in Egyptian Human Milk Samples and Infant Dietary Intake
Authors: Dogheim Salwa M , EL-Shafeey Mohamed , Afifi Abla M H , Abdel-Aleem Fatma E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Contamination of human milk with residues of organochlorlne pesticides and polychlorlnated blphenyls was studied In a series of Investigations concerned with the monitoring of these chemicals In Egyptian food. The DDT complex was the most frequently found pesticide, followed by total hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers. Heptachlor and its epoxide, dleldrln, hexachlorobenzene, and oxychlordane were also found but less frequently. Estimated dietary Intakes (EDIs) of these contaminants by the breast-fed Infants were compared to acceptable dally Intakes (ADIs). EDIs of DDT complex, lindane (gamma-HCH), heptachlor + heptachlor epoxide, and oxychlordane were below ADIs. Dleldrln EDI exceeded the acceptable daily intake.
Food and Drug Administration Pesticide Residue Monitoring of Foods: 1978-1982
Authors: Yess Norma J , Houston Marcia G , Gunderson Ellis L 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Pesticide residues In foods are reported for the 5-year period 1978-1982 [fiscal years (FY) 78-82]. Results were compiled from the 2 complementary elements that comprise the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) program for monitoring pesticide residues In foods. Under regulatory monitoring, which focuses on residues in raw agricultural commodities, a total of 49 877 samples (30 361 domestic and 19 516 Import) that Included fresh fruits and vegetables, grains, milk and dairy products, seafoods, and a variety of processed foods were analyzed. No residues were found in about 55 and 44% of the domestic and Import samples, respectively. About 3% of the domestic and 7% of the import samples were classed as violative. Data from the Total Diet Study, which Is conducted to determine dietary Intakes of a variety of chemicals, showed that residues of 42 pesticides were found in 1044 composites of table-ready foods. Results of FDA's monitoring for FY78-82 demonstrate that pesticide residue levels in the U.S. food supply were generally well below regulatory limits, and dietary Intakes were manyfold lower than the Acceptable Dally Intakes established by International agencies.
Capillary Column Gas Chromatography with Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detection for Determination of Nitrogen- and Phosphorus-Containing Pesticides in Finished Drinking Waters: Collaborative Study
Authors: Edgell Kenneth W , Jenkins Elizabeth L , Lopez-Avila Viorica , Longbottom James E 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A joint U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/AOAC interlaboratory method validation study was conducted on EPA Method 507, Determination of Nitrogen- and Phosphorus- Containing Pesticides In Finished Drinking Water by Gas Chromatography with a Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detector, to determine the mean recovery and precision for analyses of 45 nitrogen- or phosphorus-containing pesticides in reagent water and finished drinking waters. The study design was based on Youden's nonreplicate plan for collaborative tests of analytical methods. The waters were spiked with 45 nitrogen- or phosphorus-containing pesticides at 6 concentration levels, prepared as 3 Youden pairs. Ten volunteer laboratories extracted the spiked test waters with methylene chloride, performed a solvent exchange with methyl ferf-butyl ether, and analyzed an aliquot of each extract by gas chromatography using a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. Results were analyzed using an EPA computer program, which measured recovery and precision for each of the 45 pesticides and compared the performance of the method between water types. Method 507 was judged acceptable for all analytes tested except merphos, which thermally decomposed in the Injection port of the gas chromatograph. Five compounds (carboxin, disulfoton, metolachlor, pronamlde, and slmazlne) exhibited statistically significant matrix effects for the finished drinking water. The method has been adopted official first action by AOAC.
Detection of Orange Juice Adulteration with Beet Medium Invert Sugar Using Anion-Exchange Liquid Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection
Authors: Swallow Kevin W , Low Nicholas H , Petrus Donald R 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Carbohydrate analysis of 5 beet medium Invert sugar (BMIS) samples and 10 pure orange Juices was carried out using anion-exchange chromatography with a pulsed amperometric detector. This analysis revealed the presence of several oligosaccharides In BMIS that were in either low concentration or nonexistent in the orange juice samples. These oligosaccharides may be naturally present In sugar beets or synthesized during the acid and/or enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis of sucrose during the production of BMIS. BMIS was intentionally added to pure orange juice at levels of 5,10,15, and 20%. Subsequent liquid chromatographic (LC) analysis of these Intentionally adulterated samples revealed that detection of 5% BMIS In orange juice was possible.
Development of a Rapid Equine Serological Test (REST) by Modified Agar-Gel Immunodiffusion
Authors: Cutrufelli Mark E , Mageau Richard P , Schwab Bernard , Johnston Ralph W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A rapid equine serological test (REST) has been developed for detection of horse meat In a wide variety of raw meat products. The test Is an adaptation of previously developed field screening Immunodiffusion tests for beef, poultry, pork, and sheep detection. Results show that the REST test was specific, sensitive, and accurate in the analysis of 101 samples.
State Findings on Pesticide Residues in Foods—1988 and 1989
Authors: Minyard James P , Roberts Edward W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Findings of pesticide and related chemical residues are presented for 27 065 samples of foods collected and analyzed in 10 state food laboratories over 1988 and 1989 (fiscal years (FY) 88 and 89). These laboratories conduct food regulatory programs compatible with national programs of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Of the findings, 6325 samples contained detectable levels of 1 or more pesticide analytes and 418 (or 1.5%) of the total number of samples were deemed to be of regulatory significance
Determination of Monocyclic and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Fish Tissue
Authors: Lebo Jon A , Zajicek Jim L , Schwartz Ted R , Smith Lawrence M , Beasley Mary P 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
An analytical method is presented in which fish tissue is analyzed for neutral monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) and aromatic sulfur heterocycles (ASHs) by capillary column gas chromatography (CGC) with photoionization detection. The sample enrichment procedure includes saponification with aqueous KOH, acidification of the digestates, and extraction of the aromatic compounds into cyclopentane-dichloromethane. Adsorption chromatography on tandem segments of potassium silicate and silica gel removes 99% of the coextracted lipid. Final enrichment by gel permeation chromatography eliminates residual biogenic material and potentially interfering alkanes. Relatively volatile monoaromatlcs are included among the analytes by virtue of the efficiency of the complementary enrichment steps, the use of small quantities of only low-boiling solvents, and the selectivity of the detector. Most targeted compounds (AHs ranging in size from C3-alkylbenzenes through benzo[ g,h,i]perylene and ASHs within the same size range) can be determined in 5 g (wet weight) samples of fish tissue at concentrations as low as 20 ng/g. Comparisons are made of recoveries of selected AHs under ordinary and gold fluorescent lighting conditions.
Determination of Oxyfluorfen Herbicide and Oxyfluorfen Amine Residues in Garbanzo Beans by Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Zhou Min , Miles Carl J 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Oxyfluorfen and oxyfluorfen amine were determined by liquid chromatography (LC) with ultraviolet (UV) and photoconductivity detection (PCD). A simple extraction procedure acceptably recovered both analytes from garbanzo beans over a wide range of fortifications (0.05 to 20 ppm) (83 ± 4 for oxyfluorfen; 85 ± 4 for oxyfluorfen amine). Percent recoveries decreased slightly as the fortification level decreased. Both analytes could be determined simultaneously at a concentration &gt;0.2 ppm In garbanzo beans. Detection limits were 3 ng for oxyfluorfen and 100 ng for oxyfluorfen amine using LC/UV, and 12 ng for both oxyfluorfen and oxyfluorfen amine with LC/PCD. Different knitted reaction coils and photoreactors were evaluated. Photoproduct yields and Identification were determined by ion chromatography. The LC/PCD method measures oxyfluorfen and oxyfluorfen amine separately and has a shorter analysis time, while the standard method using gas chromatography measures total residues and is more sensitive.
Comparison of the TRAACS 800 with AOAC Methods for Calcium and Phosphorus in Feeds
Authors: Orcutt Anne , Kane Peter , Imboden Sandra 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Existing automated methods for calcium and phosphorus In animal feeds have been upgraded to permit determination of protein, calcium, and phosphorus simultaneously from a single sample solution running on a new generation of automated instruments. Minor changes and improvements in chemistry are described, and results using the new method are compared to results using AOAC official atomic absorption (calcium) and gravimetric (phosphorus) methods. For calcium, Mests showed no significant difference at the P ≤ 0.01 level over a range of concentration levels from 0-25%. For phosphorus, Mests showed no significant difference at the P ≤ 0.01 level over concentration ranges of 0 - 2% and 2 - 6%. Significant differences did exist at a concentration range of 6-18%. The small existing bias In these ranges was shown to be due to irregularities In the phosphorus standard curve fit, caused by protein and/or calcium components in the combined standard solutions.
Enhanced Supercritical Fluid Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Pesticides from Foods using Pelletized Diatomaceous Earth
Authors: Hopper Marvin L , King Jerry W 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SC-C02), when used with an extraction enhancer, comprises a supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) system for extraction of pesticides and matrix components from fatty and nonfatty foods. After being mixed with the enhancer, samples ranging from 95 % water to pure lipophilic oils can be extracted efficiently with SC-C02. This extraction technique yields analyte recoveries in excess of 85 % for over 30 types of pesticides at incurred levels ranging from 0.005 to 2 ppm in such diverse matrixes as carrots, lettuce, peanut butter, hamburger, and fortified butter fat and fortified potatoes. SC-C02 provides a solvent medium that is nontoxic, nonflammable, and inexpensive while also eliminating the use and disposal of potentially carcinogenic organic solvents.
Quantitative Determination of Amines in Wine by Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Ibe Akihiro , Saito Kazuo , Nakazato Mitsuo , Kikuchi Yoko , Fujinuma Kenji , Nishima Taichiro 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
A liquid chromatographic (LC) procedure is described for the determination by dansylation of the following 16 kinds of biogenic amines found In wine: monomethylamine (MM), ethylamine (EM), iso- and n-propylamlne (Pr), iso- and n-butylamine (Bu), iso- and n-amylamlne (Am), pyrrolidine (PY), 2- phenethylamine (PH), tryptamine (TR), putresclne (PU), cadaverine (CA), histamine (HI), tyramine (TY), and spermidine (SP). The amines In white and red wine were applied to a column of Amberllte CG-50 type I resin (Na-form) after the column had been washed with water and eluted with 1N hydrochloric acid. This eluate was evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure and derivatized with dansyl chloride (DNS). LC separations were performed on Finepak SIL C18S and LiChrosorb RP-8 columns with an acetonitrile-water elution gradient. In the survey of commercial wines by this method, most of the samples were found to contain 12 amines, including iso-Am, CA, PU, TY, and others. The highest levels of these amines were 4.84 μg PU/mL in red wine, and 5.11 μg Iso-Am/mL in white wine. The total levels of amines in red wine were comparatively higher than in white wine.