bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engaging traditional barbers to identify and refer newborns for routine immunization services in Sokoto, Nigeria: a mixed methods evaluation
Authors: Dougherty Leanne , Abdulkarim Masduk , Ahmed Aliyu , Cherima Yakubu , Ladan Aliyu , Abdu Sale , Kilgori Bello , Olayinka Folake , Garr Sani , Gilroy Kate E. 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Objectives
This study evaluates the effectiveness of an intervention that engaged traditional barbers to inform parents about the importance of vaccination and then refer newborns for vaccination services.

Methods
We conducted a pre-post quasi-experimental study (n = 2639) to evaluate changes in the coverage of three birth antigens among children aged 0–5 months in response to the intervention. We also conducted in-depth interviews and focus group discussions to assess the enabling factors and challenges associated with implementation.

Results
We found mothers who received a yellow referral card from a traditional barber were two to three times more likely to vaccinate their children with the three birth antigens. Qualitative findings indicated that the intervention influenced parent’s decision to vaccinate their newborn because the barbers were considered a trusted community advisor. Challenges stemmed from the low levels of literacy among community leaders and barbers that resulted in the need for continuous training, low-literacy training materials and supervision.

Conclusions
Efforts to increase vaccine coverage rates in northern Nigeria should consider expanding the role of traditional barbers to encourage parents to accept vaccines.
QTL associated with gummy stem blight resistance in watermelon
Authors: Gimode Winnie , Bao Kan , Fei Zhangjun , McGregor Cecilia 
Published: November 2020

AbstractKey messageWe identified QTLs associated with gummy stem blight resistance in an interspecific F2:3Citrulluspopulation and developed marker assays for selection of the loci in watermelon.AbstractGummy stem blight (GSB), caused by threeStagonosporopsisspp., is a devastating fungal disease of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and other cucurbits that can lead to severe yield losses. Currently, no commercial cultivars with genetic resistance to GSB in the field have been reported. Utilizing GSB-resistant cultivars would reduce yield losses, decrease the high cost of disease control, and diminish hazards resulting from frequent fungicide application. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with GSB resistance in an F2:3interspecificCitrullusmapping population (N = 178), derived from a cross between Crimson Sweet (C. lanatus) and GSB-resistant PI 482276 (C. amarus). The population was phenotyped by inoculating seedlings withStagonosporopsis citrulli12178A in the greenhouse in two separate experiments, each with three replications. We identified three QTLs (ClGSB3.1,ClGSB5.1andClGSB7.1) associated with GSB resistance, explaining between 6.4 and 21.1% of the phenotypic variation. The genes underlyingClGSB5.1includes an NBS-LRR gene (ClCG05G019540) previously identified as a candidate gene for GSB resistance in watermelon.LocusClGSB7.1accounted for the highest phenotypic variation and harbors twenty-two candidate genes associated with disease resistance. Among them isClCG07G013230, encoding an Avr9/Cf-9 rapidly elicited disease resistance protein, which contains a non-synonymous point mutation in the DUF761 domain that was significantly associated with GSB resistance. High throughput markers were developed for selection ofClGSB5.1andClGSB7.1.Our findings will facilitate the use of molecular markers for efficient introgression of the resistance loci and development of GSB-resistant watermelon cultivars.
Use of transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess relaxation rates in unfatigued and fatigued knee-extensor muscles
Authors: Vernillo Gianluca , Khassetarash Arash , Millet Guillaume Y. , Temesi John 
Published: November 2020

AbstractWe examined whether transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) delivered to the motor cortex allows assessment of muscle relaxation rates in unfatigued and fatigued knee extensors (KE). We assessed the ability of this technique to measure time course of fatigue-induced changes in muscle relaxation rate and compared relaxation rate from resting twitches evoked by femoral nerve stimulation. Twelve healthy men performed maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) twice before (PRE) and once at the end of a 2-min KE MVC and five more times within 8 min during recovery. Relative (intraclass correlation coefficient; ICC2,1) and absolute (repeatability coefficient) reliability and variability (coefficient of variation) were assessed. Time course of fatigue-induced changes in muscle relaxation rate was tested with generalized estimating equations. In unfatigued KE, peak relaxation rate coefficient of variation and repeatability coefficient were similar for both techniques. Mean (95% CI) ICC2,1 for peak relaxation rates were 0.933 (0.724–0.982) and 0.889 (0.603–0.968) for TMS and femoral nerve stimulation, respectively. TMS-induced normalized muscle relaxation rate was − 11.5 ± 2.5 s−1 at PRE, decreased to − 6.9 ± 1.2 s−1 (− 37 ± 17%, P < 0.001), and recovered by 2 min post-exercise. Normalized peak relaxation rate for resting twitch did not show a fatigue-induced change. During fatiguing KE exercise, the change in muscle relaxation rate as determined by the two techniques was different. TMS provides reliable values of muscle relaxation rates. Furthermore, it is sufficiently sensitive and more appropriate than the resting twitch evoked by femoral nerve stimulation to reveal fatigue-induced changes in KE.
EANM procedural guidelines for PET/CT quantitative myocardial perfusion imaging
Authors:   Cardiovascular Committee of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM), Sciagrà Roberto , Lubberink Mark , Hyafil Fabien , Saraste Antti , Slart Riemer H. J. A. , Agostini Denis , Nappi Carmela , Georgoulias Panagiotis , Bucerius Jan , Rischpler Christoph , Verberne Hein J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe use of cardiac PET, and in particular of quantitative myocardial perfusion PET, has been growing during the last years, because scanners are becoming widely available and because several studies have convincingly demonstrated the advantages of this imaging approach. Therefore, there is a need of determining the procedural modalities for performing high-quality studies and obtaining from this demanding technique the most in terms of both measurement reliability and clinical data. Although the field is rapidly evolving, with progresses in hardware and software, and the near perspective of new tracers, the EANM Cardiovascular Committee found it reasonable and useful to expose in an updated text the state of the art of quantitative myocardial perfusion PET, in order to establish an effective use of this modality and to help implementing it on a wider basis. Together with the many steps necessary for the correct execution of quantitative measurements, the importance of a multiparametric approach and of a comprehensive and clinically useful report have been stressed.
Definition of the terms “acute” and “traumatic” in rotator cuff injuries: a systematic review and call for standardization in nomenclature
Authors: Pogorzelski Jonas , Erber Bernd , Themessl Alexander , Rupp Marco-Christopher , Feucht Matthias J. , Imhoff Andreas B. , Degenhardt Hannes , Irger Markus 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBackgroundAlthough of high relevance for clinical decision making, there exists no consensus throughout the literature of the terms “acute” and “traumatic” used in the classification of rotator cuff tears. With differing definitions, the comparability of outcome studies may be limited. The aim was to provide a detailed systematic review of the definitions used in the literature and present a suggestion for a standardization in nomenclature based on the findings.MethodsFour different internet databases were searched in February 2020 using the terms (“acute” OR “traumatic” OR “trauma” OR “athlete” OR “young”) AND (“rotator cuff tears” OR “rotator cuff tear” OR “rotator cuff” OR “rotator cuff rupture” OR “supraspinatus” OR “infraspinatus” OR “subscapularis” OR “teres minor”). Prospective, retrospective, cohort and case–control studies as well as case series were included. Systematic reviews, cadaveric or laboratory studies and studies on non-traumatic or non-acute rotator cuff tears were excluded.ResultsThe literature search conducted 10,349 articles of which 10,151 were excluded based on the title, 119 based on the abstract and 33 based on the manuscript. A total of 46 studies were finally included for review and subsequently analyzed. Overall, there exists no consensus neither on the term “acute” nor on “traumatic” in the context of rotator cuff tears in the literature. The time span for acute injuries ranged between 2 weeks and 6 months. For traumatic injuries, only 20% of the selected studies described a specific and adequate injury mechanism in combination with adequate imaging.ConclusionThe term “acute” should be reserved for RCT showing muscle edema, wavelike appearance of the central part of the torn tendon and joint effusion, which typically requires adequate imaging within 2 weeks from trauma. Repair of acute tears should occur within 8 weeks from trauma to benefit from possibly superior biological healing capacities. The term “traumatic” should be used for a sudden onset of symptoms in a previously asymptomatic patient, triggered by an adequate trauma, e.g., a fall on the retroverted arm with an axial cranioventral force or a traumatic shoulder dislocation.
Dynamical properties and path dependence in a gene-network model of cell differentiation
Authors: Braccini Michele , Roli Andrea , Villani Marco , Serra Roberto 
Published: November 2020

AbstractIn this work, we explore the properties of a control mechanism exerted on random Boolean networks that takes inspiration from the methylation mechanisms in cell differentiation and consists in progressively freezing (i.e. clamping to 0) some nodes of the network. We study the main dynamical properties of this mechanism both theoretically and in simulation. In particular, we show that when applied to random Boolean networks, it makes it possible to attain dynamics and path dependence typical of biological cells undergoing differentiation.
Deformed wing virus prevalence and load in honeybees in South Africa
Authors: de Souza Flaviane S. , Allsopp Michael H. , Martin Stephen J. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractDeformed wing virus (DWV) is an emerging honeybee pathogen that has appeared across the globe in the past 40 years. When transmitted by the parasitic varroa mite, it has been associated with the collapse of millions of colonies throughout the Northern Hemisphere. However, despite the presence of the mite in the Southern Hemisphere, infested colonies survive. This study investigated the prevalence of DWV genotypes A, B and C along with their viral loads in South Africa and compared the findings with recent data from Brazil, the UK and the USA. We found that DWV-B was the most prevalent genotype throughout South Africa, although the total DWV viral load was significantly lower (2.8E+07) than found in the Northern Hemisphere (2.8E+07 vs. 2.7E+10, p > 0.00001) and not significantly different to that found in Brazil (5E+06, p = 0.13). The differences in viral load can be explained by the mite resistance in Brazil and South Africa, since mite-infested cells containing high viral loads are removed by the bees, thus lowering the colony's viral burden. This behaviour is much less developed in the vast majority of honeybees in the Northern Hemisphere.
Disclosing the Molecular Mechanism of Iron Incorporation in Listeria innocua Dps by EPR Spectroscopy
Authors: Ilari Andrea , Bellapadrona Giuliano , Carbonera Donatella , Di Valentin Marilena 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBacteria overexpress, under condition of starvation or oxidative stress, Dps (DNA-binding proteins from starved cells), hollow sphere formed by 12 identical subunits endowed with ferritin-like activity. The iron oxidation and incorporation in Dps take place using H2O2 produced under starvation as preferred iron oxidant, thereby protecting bacteria from oxidative damage. Even if the role of Dps is well known, the mechanism of iron oxidation and incorporation remain to be elucidated. Here, we have used the EPR technique to shed light on the Fe(II) binding and oxidation mechanism at the ferroxidase center using both the wild-type (wt) protein and mutants of the iron ligands (H31G, H43G and H31G-H43G-D58A). The EPR titration of wt Dps and the H31G mutant with Fe(II) upon H2O2 addition shows that Fe(II) is oxidized with the increase of the signal at g = 4.3, reaching a maximum for 12 Fe(II)/subunit. The EPR signal becomes negligible when the titration is carried out on the triple mutant. These experiments indicate that the iron firstly occupied the A site at the ferroxidase center and confirm that the residues H31, H43 and D58 have a key role in the iron oxidation and incorporation process. Moreover, the data indicate that the ferroxidase center, upon mutation of H31 or H43 to Gly, changes the mode of iron binding. Finally, we demonstrate here that, when the iron micelle forms, the EPR signal at g = 4.3 disappears indicating that iron leaves the ferroxidase center to reach the inner cavity.
Health care consumption and psychiatric diagnoses among adolescent girls 1 and 2 years after a first-time registered child sexual abuse experience: a cohort study in the Stockholm Region
Authors: Rajan Gita , Syding Sanna , Ljunggren Gunnar , Wändell Per , Wahlström Lars , Philips Björn , Svedin Carl Göran , Carlsson Axel C. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChild sexual abuse (CSA) is a crime against human rights with severe health consequences, and suicidal actions, stress, eating disorders, and borderline disorder are common among survivors of CSA. The objective of this study was to analyze how health care consumption patterns developed among adolescent girls in the Stockholm Region, Sweden, 1 and 2 years after the first registration of CSA experience appeared in their medical record, as compared to age-matched controls without such registration. In this cohort study, number of healthcare visits, comorbidities, and prescribed drugs were collected through the Stockholm Region administrative database (VAL), for girls age 12–17 with registration of CSA experience in their medical record (n = 519) and age-matched controls (n = 4920) between 2011 and 2018. Healthcare consumption patterns remained higher among the girls with a registered CSA experience compared to the controls, both 1 and 2 years after the first CSA experience registration. Highest odds ratios (ORs) were found for suicide attempts [OR 26.38 (12.65–55.02) and 6.93 (3.48–13.49)]; stress disorders [25.97 (17.42–38.69) and 15.63 (9.82–24.88)]; psychosis [OR 19.39 (1.75–214.13) and 9.70 (1.36–68.95)], and alcohol abuse [OR 10.32 (6.48–16.44) and 6.09 (1.98–18.67)], 1 and 2 years, respectively, after the first CSA experience registration. The drug prescriptions were also significantly higher among the girls with a CSA experience registration than for the controls. The results highlight the need to systematically evaluate and develop assessment, treatment planning, and interventions offered to adolescent girls after their first CSA experience registration.
Rates of bacterial co-infections and antimicrobial use in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study in light of antibiotic stewardship
Authors: Rothe Kathrin , Feihl Susanne , Schneider Jochen , Wallnöfer Fabian , Wurst Milena , Lukas Marina , Treiber Matthias , Lahmer Tobias , Heim Markus , Dommasch Michael , Waschulzik Birgit , Zink Alexander , Querbach Christiane , Busch Dirk H. , Schmid Roland M. , Schneider Gerhard , Spinner Christoph D. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide. Bacterial co-infections are associated with unfavourable outcomes in respiratory viral infections; however, microbiological and antibiotic data related to COVID-19 are sparse. Adequate use of antibiotics in line with antibiotic stewardship (ABS) principles is warranted during the pandemic. We performed a retrospective study of clinical and microbiological characteristics of 140 COVID-19 patients admitted between February and April 2020 to a German University hospital, with a focus on bacterial co-infections and antimicrobial therapy. The final date of follow-up was 6 May 2020. Clinical data of 140 COVID-19 patients were recorded: The median age was 63.5 (range 17–99) years; 64% were males. According to the implemented local ABS guidelines, the most commonly used antibiotic regimen was ampicillin/sulbactam (41.5%) with a median duration of 6 (range 1–13) days. Urinary antigen tests for Legionella pneumophila and Streptococcus peumoniae were negative in all cases. In critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units (n = 50), co-infections with Enterobacterales (34.0%) and Aspergillus fumigatus (18.0%) were detected. Blood cultures collected at admission showed a diagnostic yield of 4.2%. Bacterial and fungal co-infections are rare in COVID-19 patients and are mainly prevalent in critically ill patients. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of antimicrobial therapy on therapeutic outcome in COVID-19 patients to prevent antimicrobial overuse. ABS guidelines could help in optimising the management of COVID-19. Investigation of microbial patterns of infectious complications in critically ill COVID-19 patients is also required.
Effect of early tumor response on the health-related quality of life among patients on second-line chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer in the ABSOLUTE trial
Authors: Fujitani Kazumasa , Shitara Kohei , Takashima Atsuo , Koeda Keisuke , Hara Hiroki , Nakayama Norisuke , Hironaka Shuichi , Nishikawa Kazuhiro , Kimura Yutaka , Amagai Kenji , Hosaka Hisashi , Komatsu Yoshito , Shimada Ken , Kawabata Ryohei , Ohdan Hideki , Kodera Yasuhiro , Nakamura Masato , Nakajima Takako Eguchi , Miyata Yoshinori , Moriwaki Toshikazu , Kusumoto Tetsuya , Nishikawa Kazuo , Ogata Kazuhiro , Shimura Masashi , Morita Satoshi , Koizumi Wasaburo 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Background
This study evaluated the association between early tumor response at 8 weeks, previously reported as a positive outcome prognosticator, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients enrolled in the ABSOLUTE trial.

Methods
HRQOL was assessed using the EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) utility index score in patients with complete response (CR) + partial response (PR) and progressive disease (PD) at 8 weeks, and time-to-deterioration (TtD) of the EQ-5D score, with the preset minimally important difference (MID) of 0.05, was compared between these populations. Among the enrolled patients, 143 and 160 patients were assessable in weekly solvent-based paclitaxel (Sb-PTX) arm and weekly nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) arm, respectively.

Results
Changes of the EQ-5D score from baseline to 8 weeks in the nab-PTX arm were 0.0009 and − 0.1229 in CR + PR and PD patients, respectively; the corresponding values for the Sb-PTX arm were − 0.0019 and − 0.1549. For both treatments, changes of the EQ-5D score from baseline at 8 weeks were significantly larger in patients with PD than in those with CR + PR. The median TtD was 3.9 and 2.2 months in patients with CR + PR and PD, respectively, for nab-PTX [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.595, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.358–0.989]. For Sb-PTX, the corresponding values were 4.7 and 2.0 months (HR = 0.494, 95% CI 0.291–0.841).

Conclusions
Early tumor shrinkage was associated with maintained HRQOL in AGC patients on the second-line chemotherapy with taxanes.
A protocol for monitoring plant responses to changing nitrogen deposition regimes in Alberta bogs
Authors: Vitt Dale H. , House Melissa , Kitchen Samantha , Wieder R. Kelman 
Published: November 2020

AbstractBogs are nutrient poor, acidic ecosystems that receive their water and nutrients entirely from precipitation (= ombrogenous) and as a result are sensitive to nutrient loading from atmospheric sources. Bogs occur frequently on the northern Alberta landscape, estimated to cover 6% of the Athabasca Oil Sands Area. As a result of oil sand extraction and processing, emissions of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) to the atmosphere have led to increasing N and S deposition that have the potential to alter the structure and function of these traditionally nutrient-poor ecosystems. At present, no detailed protocol is available for monitoring potential change of these sensitive ecosystems. We propose a user-friendly protocol that will monitor potential plant and lichen responses to future environmental inputs of nutrients and provide a structured means for collecting annual data. The protocol centers on measurement of five key plant/lichen attributes, including changes in (1) plant abundances, (2) dominant shrub annual growth and primary production, (3) lichen health estimated through chlorophyll/phaeophytin concentrations, (4) Sphagnum annual growth and production, and (5) annual growth of the dominant tree species (Picea mariana). We placed five permanent plots in each of six bogs located at different distances from the center of oil sand extraction and sampled these for 2 years (2018 and 2019). We compared line intercept with point intercept plant assessments using NMDS ordination, concluding that both methods provide comparable data. These data indicated that each of our six bog sites differ in key species abundances. Structural differences were apparent for the six sites between years. These differences were mostly driven by changes in Vaccinium oxycoccos, not the dominant shrubs. We developed allometric growth equations for the dominant two shrubs (Rhododendron groenlandicum and Chamaedaphne calyculata). Equations developed for each of the six sites produced growth values that were not different from one another nor from one developed using data from all sites. Annual growth of R. groenlandicum differed between sites, but not years, whereas growth of C. calyculata differed between the 2 years with more growth in 2018 compared with 2019. In comparison, Sphagnum plant density and stem bulk density both had strong site differences, with stem mass density higher in 2019. When combined, annual production of S. fuscum was greater in 2019 at three sites and not different at three of the sites. Chlorophyll and phaeophytin concentrations from the epiphytic lichen Evernia mesomorpha also differed between sites and years. This protocol for field assessments of five key plant/lichen response variables indicated that both site and year are factors that must be accounted for in future assessments. A portion of the site variation was related to patterns of N and S deposition.