bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les liens entre clientélisme et corruption
Authors: Briquet Jean-Louis 
Published: December 2020

Le clientélisme et la corruption désignent des phénomènes distincts, relevant des transactions électorales pour le premier et des collusions politico-économiques pour le second. Ils sont cependant fréquemment associés dans les situations concrètes. L’article s’attache aux différentes formes que prennent leurs liens, en distinguant trois cas de figure principaux : les réseaux de collusions politico-affairistes ; les machines politico-électorales ; les situations de criminalisation de l’État.
Labraunda 2018 : étude d’un poids décoré et d’une couronne
Authors: Goussard Elisabeth , Chevallier Raphaëlle , Henry Olivier , Bost Christophe 
Published: December 2020

Une unité de conservation-restauration a été intégrée à l’étude du mobilier métallique du site de Labraunda (Carie). Cette association poursuit deux objectifs : constituer un socle documentaire permettant l’exploitation scientifique d’un mobilier en partie inédit et mettre en œuvre les mesures de conservation des artefacts métalliques. Une méthodologie spécifique a été mise en place afin de conjuguer les apports des différentes spécialités. Les résultats de cette implication commune sont présentés à travers l’étude de deux objets exceptionnels issus de contextes de fouille différents : un poids en plomb décoré d’un motif de double hache (découvert en 2017 lors de la fouille menée à l’extérieur des bains Est) et une couronne hellénistique en os et alliage cuivreux dorés à la feuille (découverte anciennement, provenant de la maison terrasse).Labraunda, mobilier métallique, conservation-restauration, méthodologie, poids antique, couronne hellénistique
Effect of General Endotracheal Anesthesia and Mechanical Ventilation on the Echocardiographic Measurements in Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Kanchi Muralidhar , Manjunath Rudresh , Natarajan Pooja , Belani Kumar 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
We measured the peak pressure gradient (pPG) and mean pressure gradient (mPG) obtained by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) after induction of anesthesia and compared it with the preoperative pPG and mPG by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in adults with aortic stenosis (AS). We also compared the aortic valve area (AVA) measurements as obtained preoperatively by TTE versus those by TEE following induction of general endotracheal anesthesia (GETA) during the inspiratory phase, expiratory phase of the ventilatory cycle and with incremental increases in tidal volume.

Materials and Methods:
All patients had preoperative TTE within 1 month of surgery and was reviewed 1 day before the surgery. After anesthetic induction, precardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) TEE evaluation was done to measure mPG and pPG across AV, under steady-state conditions. Three different controlled tidal volumes: 8 ml, 10 ml, and 12 ml per kg body weight were utilized during the TEE measurements.

Results:
A total of 90 adults underwent aortic valve replacement from 2017 to 2018. The preoperative pPG and mPG across the AV by TTE was 96.7 ± 23.27 mmHg and 60.7 ± 18.1 mmHg, respectively. Compared to preoperative TTE, pre-CPB TEE pressure gradient during both phases of ventilation under GETA was significantly lower. The pPG and mPG were higher during inspiration as compared to those in the expiratory cycle during mechanical ventilation under GETA (pPG during inspiration = 66.63 ± 22.15 mmHg; mPG during inspiration = 38.24 ± 13.65 mmHg; pPG during expiration = 52.49 ± 19.10 mmHg; mPG during expiration = 30.76 ± 12.66 mmHg). There were no significant changes in AVA between TTE/TEE and inspiration/expiration.

Conclusions:
The findings of this study demonstrate that the TEE pre-CPB PGs underestimated the severity of AS; hence, the severity of AS must be interpreted with caution during GETA and mechanical ventilation (MV). In addition, PGs must be done at similar points in the respiratory cycle.
Left Atrial Remodeling in Disease: Association with Clinical Markers
Authors: Piedade Joel Quadros , Adhyapak Srilakshmi M. , Muralidharan Pradyumna , Raj John Michel , Fantini Fabio , Varghese Kiron 
Published: December 2020

Background:
The role of left atrial (LA) enlargement has a significant and independent association with moderate and severe diastolic dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, and left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume. Clinical features of heart failure have shown a correlation with LV dilatation and LV ejection fraction (LV).

Aims:
Correlation of clinical features with substrates of cardiac remodeling, especially left atrial (LA) remodeling, has not been well-documented. We sought to determine the major clinical factors that are associated with LA enlargement in subjects with heart failure.

Materials and Methods:
We studied 200 patients who presented with breathlessness due to underlying cardiac disease. The association of clinical features of cardiac disease with LA remodeling was studied using three-dimensional echocardiography.

Results:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January 2016 and January 2017. We found that clinical features of heart failure such as breathlessness, elevated jugular venous pressure, dilated LV, diastolic dysfunction, severe mitral regurgitation, pulmonary hypertension, and abnormal tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion were significantly associated with LA enlargement. LA volume was significantly and independently associated with moderate and severe diastolic dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, lower hemoglobin levels, and LV diastolic size on echocardiography. The sensitivity and specificity of breathlessness with LA enlargement were not significant.

Conclusions:
Clinical features of heart failure, namely breathlessness, were significantly associated with LA enlargement. LA enlargement was not a sensitive or specific marker of breathlessness in heart failure.
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpression in gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma in patients seen at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Kasochi Chimwasu , Julius Peter , Mweemba Isaac , Kayamba Violet 
Published: December 2020

Background: There are scanty data on the occurrence of gastric tumours overexpressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in Africa.
Objective: To assess HER2 protein overexpression in gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GGEAC) samples from a single centre in Zambia.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks with GGEAC. Prepared slides were first stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin and then evaluated for HER2 protein overexpression by immunohistochem- istry.
Results: A total of 57 gastric tissues were stained and evaluated for HER2 overexpression. Thirteen (23%) showed overex- pression, 41/57 (72%) had negative and 3/57 (5%) had equivocal staining. The equivocal cases were excluded from the final analysis. Of the remaining 54 tissues, 28 (52%) were from females, and 26 (48%) were from males. The mean age was 59 years (SD 15 years). HER2 overexpression was highest in moderately differentiated tumours (p=0.0005). Intestinal type tu- mours had a higher occurrenc of HER2 overexpression than diffuse or mixed sub-types (p=0.0087). HER2 overexpression was not associated with age (p=0.27), sex (p=1.00) or anatomical location (p=1.00).
Conclusion: The occurrence of GGEAC HER2 overexpression in Zambian patients is similar to proportions reported elsewhere, and it is associated with moderately differentiated tumours of the intestinal type.
Keywords: Gastric and Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma; Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 over- expression; immunohistochemistry.
Knowledge and barriers on correct use of modified guidelines for active management of third stage of labour: a cross sectional survey of nurse-midwives at three referral hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: B Ramadhani Fatina , Liu Yilan , Menrad Lembuka Melania 
Published: December 2020

Background: Despite the fact that it is possibly preventable, postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the global most deadly form of obstetric bleeding, mainly sub-Saharan Africa with at least one-fourth of maternal deaths in East African regions. Active management of third stage of labour (AMTSL) is recommended to prevent PPH. However, AMTSL guidelines have been revised since 2006.
Objectives: To examine the current status of nurse-midwives’ knowledge on modified AMTSL guidelines and highlight barriers to AMTSL correct use.
Method: Descriptive cross sectional survey was conducted to 160 nurse-midwives at three referral hospitals in Dar es Sa- laam, Tanzania. One-way, interactive modes ANOVA and Chi square (χ2) test were run in SPSS 21 version to compare the association of independent and dependent variables.
Results: Virtually all nurse-midwives knew the first recommended uterotonic (99.4%) and delayed cord clamping (98.8%) protocols as modified. Knowledge was significantly contributed by multiple factors; p=0.001. Reported correct AMTSL use was 46.8% which was significantly affected by AMTSL training (χ2 = 6.732, p = 0.009) and prioritizing atteding an asphyx- iated baby (χ2 = 5.647, p = 0.017).
Conclusion: Regardless of high nurse-midwives’ AMTSL knowledge; it is imperative that responsible authorities plan ap- propriate strategies to solve reported barriers affecting correct AMTSL use.
Keywords: Nurse-midwives’ knowledge, maternal bleeding, maternal mortality, third stage of labour, AMTSL, atonic uterus
IDENTIFIKASI JENIS IKAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL HYBRID DEEP LEARNING DAN ALGORITMA KLASIFIKASI
Authors: Azis Anifuddin 
Published: December 2020

Indonesia merupakan negara dengan keanekaragaman hayati terbesar kedua di dunia setelah Brazil. Indonesia memiliki sekitar 25.000 spesies tumbuhan dan 400.000 jenis hewan dan ikan. Diperkirakan 8.500 spesies ikan hidup di perairan Indonesia atau merupakan 45% dari jumlah spesies yang ada di dunia, dengan sekitar 7.000an adalah spesies ikan laut. Untuk menentukan berapa jumlah spesies tersebut dibutuhkan suatu keahlian di bidang taksonomi. Dalam pelaksanaannya mengidentifikasi suatu jenis ikan bukanlah hal yang mudah karena memerlukan suatu metode dan peralatan tertentu, juga pustaka mengenai taksonomi. Pemrosesan video atau citra pada data ekosistem perairan yang dilakukan secara otomatis mulai dikembangkan. Dalam pengembangannya, proses deteksi dan identifikasi spesies ikan menjadi suatu tantangan dibandingkan dengan deteksi dan identifikasi pada objek yang lain. Metode deep learning yang berhasil dalam melakukan klasifikasi objek pada citra mampu untuk menganalisa data secara langsung tanpa adanya ekstraksi fitur pada data secara khusus. Sistem tersebut memiliki parameter atau bobot yang berfungsi sebagai ektraksi fitur maupun sebagai pengklasifikasi. Data yang diproses menghasilkan output yang diharapkan semirip mungkin dengan data output yang sesungguhnya. CNN merupakan arsitektur deep learning yang mampu mereduksi dimensi pada data tanpa menghilangkan ciri atau fitur pada data tersebut. Pada penelitian ini akan dikembangkan model hybrid CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks) untuk mengekstraksi fitur dan beberapa algoritma klasifikasi untuk mengidentifikasi spesies ikan. Algoritma klasifikasi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah : Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Random Forest, Backpropagation.
Ảnh hưởng của giá dầu thô và đại dịch Covid-19 đến hoạt động sản xuất kinh doanh của Tập đoàn Dầu khí Quốc gia Việt Nam
Authors: Nguyen Anh Duc  , Nguyen Thi Thuy Tien  , Nguyen Huong Chi  
Published: December 2020

Ngành công nghiệp dầu khí đang trải qua cuộc khủng hoảng giá dầu lần thứ 3 trong vòng 12 năm. Hoàn toàn khác so với các cuộc khủng hoảng giá dầu trước đây, cuộc khủng hoảng “kép” năm 2020 diễn ra khi nguồn cung vượt quá nhu cầu và đại dịch Covid-19 bùng phát. Mức độ ảnh hưởng và thời điểm kết thúc của cuộc khủng hoảng này khó dự báo, tuy nhiên có thể thấy rằng ngay cả khi có thay đổi cơ bản, ngành công nghiệp dầu khí sẽ khó có thể quay lại thời kỳ phát triển mạnh mẽ như trước đây. Mặc dù đang trải qua cuộc khủng hoảng lớn về giá, dầu thô vẫn đang là nhiên liệu hàng đầu thế giới. Ngành công nghiệp dầu khí cần phải có các bước chuyển đổi mạnh mẽ để điều hành hoạt động an toàn và có lợi nhuận trong điều kiện khó khăn nhất. Bài báo đánh giá lịch sử biến động giá dầu thô gần đây, phân tích ảnh hưởng của khủng hoảng giá dầu thô và đại dịch Covid-19 đến sản xuất kinh doanh năm 2020 của Tập đoàn Dầu khí Quốc gia Việt Nam, từ đó đề xuất các giải pháp để Tập đoàn phát triển bền vững.
Oral Health-related Quality of Life, Esthetic Perceptions, and Concerns about Dental Fluorosis among 8&ndash;12-year-old Schoolchildren in Faridabad District of Haryana
Authors: Sheoran Neha , Altaf Gazalla , Andley Yashi , Saraf Bhavna G , Mavi Sunny 
Published: December 2020

ABSTRACT

Background
Esthetics of fluorosis affected compromised maxillary incisors may influence the psychological well-being of an emotionally and physically developing child.

Aim and objective
To evaluate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), esthetic perceptions and concerns of children due to fluorosis affected permanent maxillary central incisors.

Design
A convenient sample of 65 children, 8–12 years were included in the study. The clinical records of the child's fluorosis perception were collected by Social Impact of Dental Disease Questionnaire and Dental Impact on Daily performance (DIDP) questionnaire that are OHRQoL indicators and examined for fluorosis using the WHO, 2013 Criteria and were scored. Overall OHRQoL scores were calculated by summing all the responses in the questionnaire.

Results
Mild fluorosis and a more acceptable appearance with satisfied OHRQoL were significant factors for children's perception of good oral health. The difference in child perception was significant in the group with fluorosis experience.

Conclusion
Esthetic consideration is vital in fluorosed maxillary incisors in early mixed dentition.

How to cite this article
Andley Y, Saraf BG, Sheoran N, et al. Oral Health-related Quality of Life, Esthetic Perceptions, and Concerns about Dental Fluorosis among 8–12-year-old Schoolchildren in Faridabad District of Haryana. J Oral Health Comm Dent 2020;14(2):48–53.
Nu daagt het in het Oosten
Authors: Noordegraaf Herman 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Russian Revolution of 1917 evoked a lot of enthusiasm within revolutionary groups in the Netherlands. Here they saw for the first time in history the building up of a real socialist society. One of these was the League of Christian-Socialists (Bond van Christen-Socialisten), that was founded in 1907. Though the League welcomed the Russian Revolution there was also discussion, especially about the use of violence by the Bolsheviks. Three different groups came into being: those who rejected the use of violence (main representatives Truus Kruyt-Hogerzeil and Bart de Ligt), those who judged the use of violence in this situation acceptable (Anke van der Vlies), and the group that considered itself as Christian Bolsheviks (John William Kruyt). Their views are described and also the close connection between Kruyt as Member of Parliament (1918-1922) and the Communist Party. The different views were a main factor in the disintegration of the League that was dissolved in 1921.
Evaluation of International Normalized Ratio Thresholds for Complications in Hip Fractures Treated With Intramedullary Nailing: Analysis of 15,323 Cases
Authors: Du Jerry Y. , Trivedi Nikunj N. , Joseph Noah M. , Sivasundaram Lakshmanan , Lapite Isaac , Vallier Heather A. , Ochenjele George 
Published: December 2020

Introduction:
In hip fracture patients with elevated international normalized ratios (INRs), the risks of delaying surgery for correction of INR are controversial. We examined the association of (1) preoperative INR values and (2) surgical delay with postoperative complications after intramedullary nailing of hip fractures.

Methods:
Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, we retrospectively identified patients that underwent intramedullary nailing for hip fractures from 2005 to 2016. Patients aged older than 55 years with preoperative INR recorded ≤1 day before surgery were included. Patients were stratified into five cohorts—(1) INR ≤ 1.0, (2) 1 < INR ≤ 1.25 (INR [1 to 1.25]), (3) 1.25 < INR ≤ 1.5 (INR [1.25 to 1.5]), (4) 1.5 < INR ≤ 2.0 (INR [1.5 to 2.0]), and (5) INR > 2.0. The primary outcomes of interest were postoperative bleeding requiring transfusion, surgical site infection, and 30-day mortality. Multivariate regression analysis was done to adjust for potential confounding variables.

Results:
In total, 15,323 patients were included in this analysis. Adjusting for potential confounders, INR [1 to 1.25], INR [1.25 to 1.5], and INR [1.5 to 2.0] were associated with increased mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.501, P < 0.001; aOR: 2.226, P < 0.001; aOR: 2.524, P < 0.001, respectively) and surgical delay >48 hours (aOR: 1.655, P < 0.001; aOR: 3.434, P < 0.001; aOR: 2.382, P < 0.001, respectively). The INR > 2.0 cohort was not associated with mortality (P = 0.181) or surgical delay (P = 0.529). Surgical delay was associated with mortality (aOR: 1.531, P = 0.004). The INR > 2.0 cohort was associated with increased rate of transfusions (aOR: 1.388, P = 0.039).

Conclusion:
Elevated preoperative INR value within 1 day of surgery between 1.0 and 2.0 was associated with increased risk of 30-day mortality and surgical delay >48 hour, which may represent attempts at INR correction. An INR greater than 2.0 was not associated with mortality or surgical delay but was associated with increased transfusions. Surgical delay was independently associated with increased risk of 30-day mortality. We therefore recommend that INR reversal be attempted but not delay surgical fixation of geriatric hip fractures over 48 hours and counsel patients and their families regarding the risks of surgery with elevated INR.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic-level III/retrospective cohort study
Body mass index and peer victimization: A transactional model
Authors: Thakkar Niharika , van Geel Mitch , Malda Maike , Rippe Ralph C. A. , Vedder Paul 
Published: December 2020

AbstractPast research has shown concurrent associations between adolescent's body mass index (BMI) and classroom bullying victimization experiences. The goal of this three‐wave longitudinal study is to examine a transactional model of associations between BMI and bullying victimization among adolescents in India. We investigate concurrent unidirectional and bidirectional relations between BMI and victimization. In a sample of 1238 students from nine schools (Grades 7–9; M‐ageT1 = 13.15, SD = 1.16) in Indore, India, we used self‐ and peer‐reports to measure bullying victimization in the classroom, and objective measurement of students' height and weight to collect data on adolescents' BMI, across three waves in one school year. Structural equational modeling was used to test transactional relations between BMI and bullying victimization. For self‐reported victimization, there was no concurrent or over time association between BMI and victimization for boys or girls in the present study. For peer‐reported victimization, we observed concurrent associations between BMI and victimization for boys and girls and a prospective relation where higher BMI corresponded to less victimization over time for boys. The study yielded mainly concurrent relations between BMI and victimization among adolescents in India. Results from western countries may not generalize to India.
Short‐Term Effects of Occupational Therapy on Hand Function and Pain in Patients With Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis: Secondary Analyses From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tveter Anne Therese , Østerås Nina , Nossum Randi , Eide Ruth Else Mehl , Klokkeide Åse , Matre Karin Hoegh , Olsen Monika , Kjeken Ingvild 
Published: December 2020

ObjectiveTo assess the short‐term effects of multimodal occupational therapy on pain and hand function in patients referred for surgical consultation due to first carpometacarpal (CMC1) joint osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsIn this randomized controlled trial, patients with CMC1 joint OA referred for surgical consultation at 3 rheumatology departments were randomized to 3 months multimodal occupational therapy (including patient education, hand exercises, orthoses, and assistive devices) or usual treatment (OA information). Pain was measured on a numeric rating scale from 0 to 10 (0 = no pain). Function included grip and pinch strength (Newtons), range‐of‐motion (palmar and CMC1 joint abduction [°]; flexion deficit in digits 2–5 [mm]), and self‐reported Measure of Activity Performance of the Hand (MAP‐Hand; range 1–4, 1 = no activity limitation) and short version of the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH; range 0–100, 0 = no disability). Between‐group difference was assessed with follow‐up values as dependent variables and group as an independent variable, adjusted for baseline values and time to follow‐up.ResultsAmong 180 patients (mean ± SD age 63 ± 8 years; 81% women), 170 completed the short‐term follow‐up assessment (3–4 months after baseline). Compared to usual treatment, occupational therapy yielded significantly improved pain at rest (−1.4 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) −0.7, −2.0]; P < 0.001), pain following grip strength (−1.1 [−0.5, −1.7]; P = 0.001), grip strength (23.4 [95% CI 7.5, 39.3]; P = 0.004), MAP‐Hand score (−0.18 [95% CI −0.09, −0.28]; P = 0.001), and QuickDASH score (−8.1 [95% CI −4.6, −11.5]; P < 0.001).ConclusionThe multimodal occupational therapy intervention had significant short‐term effects on pain, grip strength, and hand function in patients with CMC1 joint OA.
Hydrogel Microcapsules with a Thin Oil Layer: Smart Triggered Release via Diverse Stimuli
Authors: Jeong Hye‐Seon , Kim Eunseo , Nam Changwoo , Choi Yoon , Lee You‐Jeong , Weitz David A. , Lee Hyomin , Choi Chang‐Hyung 
Published: December 2020

AbstractA hydrogel microcapsule with an intermediate thin oil layer is presented to achieve smart release of a broad range of cargoes triggered via diverse stimuli. A microfluidic technique is used to produce triple emulsion droplets with a thin oil layer that separates the innermost aqueous phase from the hydrogel prepolymer phase, which transforms into a hydrogel shell via photopolymerization. The intermediate oil layer within the hydrogel microcapsule acts as an effective diffusion barrier, allowing encapsulation of various small cargoes within a porous hydrogel shell until a stimulus is applied to destabilize the oil layer. It is demonstrated that diverse stimuli including chemical dissolution, mechanical stress, and osmotic pressure can be utilized to release the encapsulated cargo on‐demand. In addition, osmotic pressure and the hydrogel shell thickness can be independently tuned to control the onset time of release as well as the release behavior of multi‐cargo encapsulated hydrogel microcapsule. The release can be either simultaneous or selective.