bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Responsivity and the Effects of Negative Mood on Sexual Arousal in Hypersexual Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)
Authors: Janssen Erick , Prause Nicole , Swinburne Romine Rebecca , Raymond Nancy , MacDonald Angus , Coleman Eli , Miner Michael H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract

Background
A number of studies have found that hypersexuality is associated with a high propensity for sexual excitation. In comparison, less is known about the relationship between hypersexuality and sexual arousal at the state level. Also, previous research has revealed a relationship between hypersexuality and negative mood. However, the possibility that sexual response might not be as negatively impacted by negative mood in hypersexual individuals has, as yet, not been tested.

Aim
The purpose of this study was to investigate sexual responsivity and the effects of negative mood on sexual arousal in hypersexual men who have sex with men (MSM).

Methods
A total of 211 MSM were assigned to a hypersexuality (N = 81) or a control (N = 130) group using an interview patterned with a semi-structured Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders format. Participants filled out questionnaires and were shown neutral, sexual, and anxiety- and sadness-inducing films.

Outcomes
Changes in penile circumference and self-reported sexual arousal were the primary outcomes analyzed in this study.

Results
Controlling for age and HIV status, no differences were found in genital response between hypersexual and non-hypersexual men. Also, the 2 groups did not differ in subjective sexual arousal. Moreover, no effects of negative mood were found. Time series clustering analyses revealed 3 groups—low responders and slow and fast high responders. Sexual excitation, but not sexual compulsivity or pornography use, predicted cluster membership.

Clinical Translation
Hypersexual MSM may benefit more from an exploration of motivational and behavioral, as compared to psychophysiological, mechanisms underlying possible links between (negative) mood and sexual behavior.

Strengths & Limitations
Strengths of the study include its sample size, making it one of the larger psychophysiological sex studies; the use of clinical interviews for group assignment; the inclusion of genital response measures; and the application of time series clustering to examine differences among participants. Limitations include possible sample heterogeneity and the reliance on researcher-selected stimuli.

Conclusion
Given the lack of any effects of negative mood on sexual response in hypersexual MSM, future studies could explore in more depth possible motivational and behavioral effects, including, for example, the impact of negative mood on the tendency to seek out sex as a form of distraction or for validation or emotional support.
Higher level of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte is associated with severe COVID-19
Authors: Kong Man , Zhang Hongmei , Cao Xiaocui , Mao Xiaoli , Lu Zhongxin 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In December 2019, cases of severe coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection rapidly progressed to acute respiratory failure. This study aims to assess the association between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the incidence of severe COVID-19 infection. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 210 patients with COVID-19 infection who were admitted to the Central Hospital of Wuhan from 27 January 2020 to 9 March 2020. Peripheral blood samples were collected and examined for lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry. Associations between tertiles of NLR and the incidence of severe illness were analysed by logistic regression.
Of the 210 patients with COVID-19, 87 were diagnosed as severe cases. The mean NLR of the severe group was higher than that of the mild group (6.6 vs. 3.3, P < 0.001). The highest tertile of NLR (5.1–19.7) exhibited a 5.9-fold (95% CI 1.3–28.5) increased incidence of severity relative to that of the lowest tertile (0.6–2.5) after adjustments for age, diabetes, hypertension and other confounders. The number of T cells significantly decreased in the severe group (0.5 vs. 0.9, P < 0.001). COVID-19 might mainly act on lymphocytes, particularly T lymphocytes. NLR was identified as an early risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness. Patients with increased NLR should be admitted to an isolation ward with respiratory monitoring and supportive care.
Autistic traits in young adults who gamble
Authors: Grant Jon E. , Chamberlain Samuel R. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the relationship between autistic traits and addictive behaviors such as problem gambling. Thus, the present study examined clinical characteristics and multiple facets of cognition in young adults who gamble and have autistic traits.MethodsA total of 102 young adults who gamble were recruited from two Mid-Western university communities in the United States using media advertisements. Autistic traits were examined using the brief Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ-10). Clinician rating scales, questionnaires, and cognitive tests were completed. Relationships between AQ10 scores and demographic, gambling symptom, and neurocognitive measures were evaluated.ResultsAutistic traits were correlated with disordered gambling symptoms, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, trait impulsivity, and some types of obsessive–compulsive symptoms. In regression, ADHD no longer significantly related to autistic traits once disordered gambling symptoms were accounted for; whereas the link between autistic traits and disordered gambling symptoms was robust even controlling for ADHD.ConclusionsThese data suggest a particularly strong relationship between autistic traits and problem gambling symptoms, as well as certain aspects of impulsivity and compulsivity. The link between ADHD and autistic traits in some prior studies may have been attributable to disordered gambling symptoms, which was likely not screened for, and since individuals may endorse ADHD instruments due to other impulsive/compulsive symptom types (eg, gambling). The contribution of autistic traits to the emergence and chronicity of disordered gambling now requires further scrutiny, not only in community samples (such as this) but also in clinical settings.
The Conditional Effect of Scientific Knowledge and Gender on Support for COVID-19 Government Containment Policies in a Partisan America
Authors: Algara Carlos , Fuller Sam , Hare Christopher 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWith the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, many state and local governments were forced to implement necessary policies to contain transmission of the deadly virus. These policies ranged from closing most businesses to more controversial proposals, such as postponing primary elections. In this research note, we examine the role that scientific knowledge and gender played in citizen perceptions of these virus containment policies, both in the general population and among partisans. We find that while a gender gap persists in scientific knowledge, both in the general population and within the parties, women are generally more likely to use this knowledge to inform their policy views on necessary government action during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings shed light on how knowledge and gender intersect to drive support for government intervention during the time of a severe public health crisis in a partisan America.
Attachment Anxiety Mitigates the Well-Being Costs of Object Attachment
Authors: Keefer Lucas A. , Rothschild Zachary K. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Clinical and personality research consistently demonstrates that people can form unhealthy and problematic attachments to material possessions. To better understand this tendency, the current paper extends past research demonstrating that anxieties about other people motivate these attachments. These findings suggest that although object attachment generally correlates with poorer well-being, it may attenuate well-being deficits associated with insecurity about close relationships. The current paper presents two studies using converging correlational ( N = 394) and diary methods ( N = 413) to test whether object attachments’ association with poorer well-being is moderated by relationship uncertainties. We find that both trait (Study 1) and state (Study 2) insecurities about others eliminated, and in some cases reversed, the negative psychological correlates of object attachment. These effects, however, were only observed when focusing on between-person variation in both studies; within-person analysis demonstrated that state variation in object attachment predicted better psychological well-being. These results highlight a need for more nuanced studies of object attachment and well-being.
Stress Chatter via Fluid Flow and Fault Slip in a Hydraulic Fracturing‐Induced Earthquake Sequence in the Montney Formation, British Columbia
Authors: Peña Castro A. F. , Roth M. P. , Verdecchia A. , Onwuemeka J. , Liu Y. , Harrington R. M. , Zhang Y. , Kao H. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSource processes of injection‐induced earthquakes involve complex fluid‐rock interaction often elusive to regional seismic monitoring. Here we combine observations from a local seismograph array in the Montney Formation, northeast British Columbia, and stress modeling to examine the spatiotemporal evolution of the 30 November 2018 Mw 4.2 (ML 4.5) hydraulic fracturing‐induced earthquake sequence. The isolated occurrence of the mainshock at a depth of ∼4.5 km in the crystalline basement 2 days following injection onset at ∼2.5 km depth suggests direct triggering by rapid fluid pressure increase via a high‐permeability conduit. Most aftershocks are in the top 2 km sedimentary layers, with focal mechanisms indicating discrete slip along subvertical surfaces in an ∼1 km wide deformation zone. Aftershock distribution is consistent with static stress triggering from the Mw 4.2 coseismic slip. Our analysis suggests that complex hydraulic and stress transfer between fracture networks needs to be considered in induced seismic hazard assessment.
Back to Einstein: Burial‐Induced Three‐Range Diffusion in Fluvial Sediment Transport
Authors: Pierce J. Kevin , Hassan Marwan A. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIndividual grains move through gravel bed rivers in cycles of motion and rest, so tracer grains diffuse as they transport downstream. Tracer experiments demonstrate at least three diffusion ranges as observation times increase, with different spreading rates in each range. Until now, the generating processes of these ranges have remained unclear. In this work, we develop a random walk model of individual bedload trajectories including motion, rest, and burial processes. The model describes three bedload diffusion ranges that terminate in a fourth nondiffusive range when all tracers become buried. Using the model, we attribute three‐range tracer diffusion to the interplay between motion, rest, and burial processes, and we relate the multirange diffusion characteristics to the timescales of these processes.
Major Volcanic Eruptions and Their Impacts on Southern Hemisphere Temperatures During the Late 19th and 20th Centuries, as Simulated by CMIP5 Models
Authors: Harvey P. J. , Grab S. W. , Malherbe J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWhile much is known about the impacts of volcanic forcing on Northern Hemisphere (NH) climates, knowledge about Southern Hemisphere (SH) responses is still in its infancy. We examine volcanic impacts on SH temperatures following eight major late 19th and 20th century eruptions (Agung, 1963; Colima, 1913; El Chichón, 1982; Pinatubo, 1991; Krakatau, 1883; Quizapu, 1932; Santa Maria, 1902; Tarawera, 1886). Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 5 (CMIP5) historical simulations are used to analyze near‐surface land temperatures. We demonstrate that four of the eight major eruptions (Krakatau, Santa Maria, Agung, and Pinatubo) significantly lowered mean SH temperatures; these tropical eruptions emitted at least 20 Tg of SO2 into the stratosphere. SH responses typically lagged NH temperature cooling responses by 1–2 months, excluding Pinatubo. Responses differ spatially and temporally with each eruption, highlighting the importance of investigating events individually. Overall, we observe relatively strong (between −0.19°C and −0.36°C) austral autumn/winter SH cooling.
Seismic Evidence for a Shallow Detachment Beneath Kīlauea's South Flank During the 2018 Activity
Authors: Lin Guoqing , Okubo Paul G. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe investigate earthquake distribution and focal mechanisms associated with the 2018 Kīlauea volcano eruption in Hawaii. Our high‐precision earthquake relocations delineate an aseismic zone bounded by two subhorizontal bands of seismicity at 3.5 and 7 km depths beneath the eastern south flank, both of which are dominated by the shallow‐dipping reverse faulting during the 2018 activity. We interpret the deeper seismicity as related to the basal décollement that separates the volcanic edifice from the oceanic crust. The shallower seismicity is a feature exhibited in the recent activity and, which we propose, reveals a detachment that either represents the contact between Mauna Loa and Kīlauea volcanoes or coincides with the onland extension of the base of the Hilina slump. We suggest that large earthquakes, such as the 1975 Mw 7.7 and the 2018 Mw 6.9 mainshocks, are capable of triggering failures of both the basal décollement and the shallower surface.
Strong Sequestration of Hydrogen Into the Earth's Core During Planetary Differentiation
Authors: Yuan Liang , Steinle‐Neumann Gerd 
Published: July 2020

AbstractWe explore the partitioning behavior of hydrogen between coexisting metal and silicate melts at conditions of the magma ocean and the current core–mantle boundary with the help of density functional theory molecular dynamics. We perform simulations with the two‐phase and thermodynamic integration methods. We find that hydrogen is weakly siderophile at low pressure (20 GPa and 2,500 K), and becomes much more strongly so with pressure, suggesting that hydrogen is transported to the core in a significant amount during core segregation and is stable there. Based on our results, the core likely contains ~1 wt% H, assuming single‐stage formation and equilibration at 40 GPa. Our two‐phase simulations further suggest that silicon is entrained in the core‐forming metal, while magnesium remains in the silicate phase. This preferred incorporation of silicon hints at an explanation for the elevated Mg/Si ratio of the bulk silicate Earth relative to chondritic compositions.
Eddy Kinetic Energy in the Arctic Ocean From a Global Simulation With a 1‐km Arctic
Authors: Wang Qiang , Koldunov Nikolay V. , Danilov Sergey , Sidorenko Dmitry , Wekerle Claudia , Scholz Patrick , Bashmachnikov Igor L. , Jung Thomas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSimulating Arctic Ocean mesoscale eddies in ocean circulation models presents a great challenge because of their small size. This study employs an unstructured‐mesh ocean‐sea ice model to conduct a decadal‐scale global simulation with a 1‐km Arctic. It provides a basinwide overview of Arctic eddy energetics. Increasing model resolution from 4 to 1 km increases Arctic eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and total kinetic energy (TKE) by about 40% and 15%, respectively. EKE is the highest along main currents over topography slopes, where strong conversion from available potential energy to EKE takes place. It is high in halocline with a maximum typically centered in the depth range of 70–110 m, and in the Atlantic Water layer of the Eurasian Basin as well. The seasonal variability of EKE along the continental slopes of southern Canada and eastern Eurasian basins is similar, stronger in fall and weaker in spring.
A widely distributed hydrogenase oxidises atmospheric H2 during bacterial growth
Authors: Islam Zahra F , Welsh Caitlin , Bayly Katherine , Grinter Rhys , Southam Gordon , Gagen Emma J , Greening Chris 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Diverse aerobic bacteria persist by consuming atmospheric hydrogen (H2) using group 1h [NiFe]-hydrogenases. However, other hydrogenase classes are also distributed in aerobes, including the group 2a [NiFe]-hydrogenase. Based on studies focused on Cyanobacteria, the reported physiological role of the group 2a [NiFe]-hydrogenase is to recycle H2 produced by nitrogenase. However, given this hydrogenase is also present in various heterotrophs and lithoautotrophs lacking nitrogenases, it may play a wider role in bacterial metabolism. Here we investigated the role of this enzyme in three species from different phylogenetic lineages and ecological niches: Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (phylum Proteobacteria), Chloroflexus aggregans (phylum Chloroflexota), and Gemmatimonas aurantiaca (phylum Gemmatimonadota). qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the group 2a [NiFe]-hydrogenase of all three species is significantly upregulated during exponential growth compared to stationary phase, in contrast to the profile of the persistence-linked group 1h [NiFe]-hydrogenase. Whole-cell biochemical assays confirmed that all three strains aerobically respire H2 to sub-atmospheric levels, and oxidation rates were much higher during growth. Moreover, the oxidation of H2 supported mixotrophic growth of the carbon-fixing strains C. aggregans and A. ferrooxidans. Finally, we used phylogenomic analyses to show that this hydrogenase is widely distributed and is encoded by 13 bacterial phyla. These findings challenge the current persistence-centric model of the physiological role of atmospheric H2 oxidation and extend this process to two more phyla, Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadota. In turn, these findings have broader relevance for understanding how bacteria conserve energy in different environments and control the biogeochemical cycling of atmospheric trace gases.
A pan-specific antiserum produced by a novel immunization strategy shows a high spectrum of neutralization against neurotoxic snake venoms
Authors: Ratanabanangkoon Kavi , Tan Kae Yi , Pruksaphon Kritsada , Klinpayom Chaiya , Gutiérrez José María , Quraishi Naeem H. , Tan Choo Hock 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSnakebite envenomation is a neglected tropical disease of high mortality and morbidity largely due to insufficient supply of effective and affordable antivenoms. Snake antivenoms are mostly effective against the venoms used in their production. It is thus crucial that effective and affordable antivenom(s) with wide para-specificity, capable of neutralizing the venoms of a large number of snakes, be produced. Here we studied the pan-specific antiserum prepared previously by a novel immunization strategy involving the exposure of horses to a ‘diverse toxin repertoire’ consisting of 12 neurotoxic Asian snake toxin fractions/ venoms from six species. This antiserum was previously shown to exhibit wide para-specificity by neutralizing 11 homologous and 16 heterologous venoms from Asia and Africa. We now show that the antiserum can neutralize 9 out of 10 additional neurotoxic venoms. Altogether, 36 snake venoms belonging to 10 genera from 4 continents were neutralized by the antiserum. Toxin profiles previously generated using proteomic techniques of these 36 venoms identified α-neurotoxins, β-neurotoxins, and cytotoxins as predominant toxins presumably neutralized by the antiserum. The bases for the wide para-specificity of the antiserum are discussed. These findings indicate that it is feasible to generate antivenoms of wide para-specificity against elapid neurotoxic venoms from different regions in the world and raises the possibility of a universal neurotoxic antivenom. This should reduce the mortality resulting from neurotoxic snakebite envenomation.
“A real-world evidence” in reduction of volatile anesthetics by BIS-guided anesthesia
Authors: Poon Yan-Yuen , Chang Han-Chen , Chiang Min-Hsien , Hung Kuo-Chuan , Lu Hsiao-Feng , Wang Chih-Hsien , Chin Jo-Chi , Wu Shao-Chun 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMany well-controlled clinical studies have shown that BIS-guided anesthesia could prevent intraoperative awareness and improve postoperative morbidity and mortality, by optimizing the amount of volatile anesthetics administered to patients. However, we questioned if the previously reported advantages of BIS-guided anesthesia in controlled studies would still apply in real-world settings. This retrospective study based on real-world settings clarified the role of BIS-guided anesthesia in reducing anesthetic consumption. We obtained anesthesia records from an electronic database of a medical center in southern Taiwan. A total of 6,713 cases were enrolled, where 1,324 cases receiving sevoflurane underwent BIS-guided anesthesia and 378 received desflurane; further, 3,819 receiving sevoflurane underwent standard anesthesia practice and 1,192 cases received desflurane. The median (25–75% interquartile values) of the average hourly consumption of sevoflurane or desflurane decreased significantly under BIS-guided anesthesia [10.5 (8.7–13.0) mL/h and 17.4 (13.7–21.1) mL/h, respectively] compared to that under standard anesthesia practice [11.4 (9.0–14.5) mL/h, and 20.2 (15.8–25.0), mL/h, respectively]. Furthermore, the average hourly consumption of these two volatile anesthetics varied inversely with age and anesthesia time in both groups. A significant reduction was found in the hourly consumption of volatile anesthetics in patients under BIS-guided anesthesia compared to standard anesthesia practice in different age groups or different anesthesia time. We concluded that BIS-guided anesthesia could reduce consumption of volatile anesthetics in real-world settings as well.
Inter- and intra-researcher reproducibility of heart rate variability parameters in three human cohorts
Authors: Plaza-Florido A. , Alcantara J. M. A. , Migueles J. H. , Amaro-Gahete F. J. , Acosta F. M. , Mora-Gonzalez J. , Sacha J. , Ortega F. B. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractHeart rate variability (HRV) is a valid and non-invasive indicator of cardiac autonomic nervous system functioning. Short-term HRV recordings (e.g., 10 min long) produce data that usually is manually processed. Researcher subjective decision-making on data processing could produce inter- or intra-researcher differences whose magnitude has not been previously quantified in three independent human cohorts. This study examines the inter- and intra-researcher reproducibility of HRV parameters (i.e., the influence of R–R interval selection by different researchers and by the same researcher in different moments on the quantification of HRV parameters, respectively) derived from short-term recordings in a cohort of children with overweight/obesity, young adults and middle-age adults. Participants were recruited from 3 different studies: 107 children (10.03 ± 1.13 years, 58% male), 132 young adults (22.22 ± 2.20 years, 33% males) and 73 middle-aged adults (53.62 ± 5.18 years, 48% males). HRV was measured using a Polar RS800CX heart rate monitor. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ranged from 0.703 to 0.989 and from 0.950 to 0.998 for inter-and intra-researcher reproducibility, respectively. Limits of agreement for HRV parameters were higher for the inter-researcher processing compared with the intra-researcher processing. On average, the intra-researcher differences were 31%, 62%, and 80% smaller than the inter-researchers differences based on Coefficient of Variation in children, young and middle-aged adults, respectively. Our study provides the quantification of the inter-researcher and intra-researcher differences in three independent human cohorts, which could elicit some clinical relevant differences for HRV parameters. Based on our findings, we recommend the HRV data signal processing to be performed always by the same trained researcher and we postulate a development of algorithms for an automatic ECG selection.