bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing laparoscopic and open pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients with pancreatic head cancer: oncologic outcomes and inflammatory scores
Authors: Choi Munseok , Hwang Ho Kyoung , Rho Seoung Yoon , Lee Woo Jung , Kang Chang Moo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundBoth the technical and oncological safety of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) remain controversial in treating pancreatic head cancer. We evaluated the oncologic benefit of LPD and compared the inflammatory score between LPD and open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD).MethodsFrom January 2014 to March 2019, 61 patients with standard PD not combined with other organ resection were finally enrolled in this study. Among these patients, 27 underwent LPD and 34 underwent OPD (registered on 16 July 2019, and registration number is 2019‐1411‐001).ResultsThe estimated blood loss (EBL) for the LPD group was less than that of the OPD group (P = 0.003). The operation time was similar, as was the incidence of complications such as postoperative fistula, delayed gastric emptying. Overall survival was not different between LPD and OPD (44.62 vs. 45.29 months, P = 0.223). However, a significant improvement in disease‐free survival (DFS) was seen in the LPD group (34.19 vs. 23.27 months, P = 0.027). No statistically significant differences were found in terms of the postoperative change in inflammatory scores and differentiated white blood cell counts.ConclusionsLPD is not only safe and feasible in pancreatic head cancer patients but is associated with a reduced amount of EBL, favorable DFS.
Embryonic ontogeny of three species of Horned Frogs, with a review of early development in Ceratophryidae
Authors: Grosso Jimena , Baldo Diego , Costa Carolina Salgado , Natale Guillermo S. , Candioti Florencia Vera 
Published: November 2019

AbstractHorned Frogs of the family Ceratophryidae are conspicuous anurans represented by three endemic South American genera. Most ceratophryids inhabit semiarid environments, but three species of Ceratophrys occupy tropical or temperate humid areas. Several morphological and behavioral characters of larvae and adults are conserved across the family. Based on examination of specimens and accounts in the literature, the embryonic development of C. ornata, C. cranwelli, and the monotypic genus Chacophrys are described and compared with that of species of Lepidobatrachus. Ceratophryid embryos share a suite of morphological features and heterochronic shifts during development. Most features, such as gill structure, ciliation, early hatching, and precocious differentiation of the gut and hind limbs, are shared by all the species regardless the differences in the habitats that occupy. This is consistent with previous observations of some adult characters, and likely supports the hypothesis of an early diversification of ceratophryids in semiarid environments. Other embryonic features, such as the morphology and ontogeny of the oral disc and digestive tract, are correlated with larval feeding habits and vary within the family. The evolutionary and ecological significance of some conserved characters (e.g., gastrulation pattern, Type‐A adhesive glands) and other taxon‐specific features (e.g., nasal appendix) remain to be explored in the group.
The emerging role of Hippo signaling in neurodegeneration
Authors: Sahu Manas Ranjan , Mondal Amal Chandra 
Published: November 2019

AbstractNeurodegeneration refers to the complex process of progressive degeneration or neuronal apoptosis leading to a set of incurable and debilitating conditions. Physiologically, apoptosis is important in proper growth and development. However, aberrant and unrestricted apoptosis can lead to a variety of degenerative conditions including neurodegenerative diseases. Although dysregulated apoptosis has been implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders, the triggers and molecular mechanisms underlying such untimely and faulty apoptosis are still unknown. Hippo signaling pathway is one such apoptosis‐regulating mechanism that has remained evolutionarily conserved fromDrosophilato mammals. This pathway has gained a lot of attention for its tumor‐suppressing task, but recent studies have emphasized the soaring role of this pathway in inflaming neurodegeneration. In addition, strategies promoting inactivation of this pathway have aided in the rescue of neurons from anomalous apoptosis. So, a thorough understanding of the relationship between the Hippo pathway and neurodegeneration may serve as a guide for the development of therapy for various degenerative diseases. The current review focuses on the mechanism of the Hippo signaling pathway, its upstream and downstream regulatory molecules, and its role in the genesis of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. The recent efforts employing the Hippo pathway components as targets for checking neurodegeneration have also been highlighted.
Multi‐century drought variability in the southern Min Mountains
Authors: Yan Xiaoya , Deng Yang , Fan Haowen , Su Jiajia , Gao Linlin , Gou Xiaohua 
Published: November 2019

AbstractInformation on moisture variability is important for climate adaptation and planning, which is urgently needed for the Jiuzhaigou County after it was hit by a magnitude 7.0 earthquake in August 2017, resulting in potential interactions between the earth surface processes and the hydroclimate. To study the regional hydroclimatic history beyond instrumental records, the first tree‐ring hydroclimate reconstruction, based on Pinus tabuliformis, was conducted in the southern Min Mountains, which is situated close to the areas affected by the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. The reconstruction, spanning from 1684 to 2017, explained 59% of the variance for May–August standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index at a 12‐month scale during 1962–2017. The recent drought, which occurred from 1992 to 2017 was the longest in duration, largest in magnitude, and had the second highest intensity. The most severe single year drought occurred in 1824, which was lower than the long‐term mean by 4σ and affected several regions in and around the Northeast Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. The drought reconstruction was consistent with other moisture reconstructions, but dissimilar were also exist during some periods. There was a significant correlation between drought reconstruction and sea surface temperature over many oceans. However, the correlations were unstable over time. This study suggests the importance of developing a density tree‐ring network to identify the spatial and temporal drought variability, as well as long‐term record for understanding regional climate dynamics.
Postoperative Feeding Guidelines Improve Outcomes in Surgical Infants
Authors: Shakeel Fauzia , Newkirk Melanie , Sellers Austin , Shores Darla R. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundEarly introduction of enteral nutrition (EN) in postoperative infants improves intestinal adaptation, reducing the risk of intestinal failure–associated liver disease (IFALD). Our objective was to determine whether guideline use reduces feeding variability and improves outcomes in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).MethodsIn a cohort study, surgical infants at risk for IFALD were evaluated pre and post implementation of feeding guidelines at 2 NICUs. A total of 167 guideline infants (2013–2018) were compared with 242 historical controls (2007–2013). Adherence was measured with timing and volume of initial postoperative feed. Primary outcomes were IFALD incidence and time to reach 50% and 100% of energy from EN. Secondary outcomes were parenteral nutrition (PN) days, postoperative necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), and length of stay (LOS).ResultsModerate IFALD decreased from 32% to 20% (P = .005) in the guideline group. Time to achieve 50% and 100% energy from EN was decreased from medians of 8 to 5 and 28 to 21 days, respectively (P < .001). There was an overall decrease in PN use from 41 to 29 days (P = .002), CLABSI incidence from 25% to 5% (P < .001), and LOS from 70 to 53 days (P = .030). Once stratified by diagnosis, infants with NEC showed greatest improvement and reduction in IFALD from 67% to 42% (P = .045). With no difference in postoperative NEC (P = .464).ConclusionEarly standardized postoperative EN guidelines in intestinal‐surgery infants was associated with improved outcomes, including faster achievement of feeding goals and reduced IFALD severity, especially in infants with NEC.
Assessment of patient experiences following total sacrectomy for primary malignant sacral tumors: A qualitative study
Authors: Wang Yifei , Liang Weiming , Qu Shan , Zhang Yidan , Du Zhiye , Ji Tao , Qu Huayi , Gorlick Richard , Guo Wei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesFew reports have investigated patient experiences following total en bloc sacrectomy. The aims of this study were to obtain a deeper understanding of patients’ personal experiences, needs, and satisfaction with the treatment to reveal areas in which perioperative and long‐term patient care can be improved.MethodsA qualitative design was applied to examine patient experiences and supportive care needs. Patients treated between 2007 and 2017 were identified from our institutional database.ResultsA total of 28 survivors were interviewed (13 females, age 13‐75 years). Eight themes were identified: the effect of surgery on patients’ (a) daily lives, (b) social activities, (c) work or school activities, (d) and family lives; (e) acceptance of ostomy surgery; (f) need for guidance regarding long‐term rehabilitation; (g) satisfaction with the medical services provided in the hospital; and (h) satisfaction with the treatment outcomes.ConclusionTotal en bloc sacrectomy can yield satisfactory oncological outcomes; however, the procedure is a life‐changing event for patients and their families. Physicians must provide long‐term support and guidance after surgery to enable patients to fully understand and cope with the changes in their lives.
Seventy‐MHz Ultrasound Detection of Early Signs Linked to the Severity, Patterns of Keratin Fragmentation, and Mechanisms of Generation of Collections and Tunnels in Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Wortsman Ximena , Calderon Perla , Castro Ariel 
Published: November 2019

ObjectivesTo test the capability of 70‐MHz ultrasound for detecting initial ultrasound signs of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) linked to severity.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of the ultrasound images of patients with HS was conducted and compared with a healthy control group. Detection and identification of early subclinical ultrasound signs in the lesional and perilesional areas of the HS cases in comparison with the control group were performed. Statistical analyses included mean, dispersion measures, the Kruskal‐Wallis test, and bivariate and multivariate ordered logistic regression studies. Significance was assessed at P < .05.ResultsA total of 139 patients with HS met the criteria and showed abnormalities of the hair follicles such as a curved shape, ballooning, and protrusion into pseudocysts, collections, or tunnels (donor of keratin sign). Significant increases in the sizes of the hair follicles and hair shafts were found in HS cases. The following ultrasound signs were significantly linked to severity: a connecting band between the base of adjacent hair follicles (bridge sign), a fragment of the hair shaft extruding through a dilated hair follicle (sword sign), and retained cylindrical fragments of keratin in the dermis. Two patterns of fragmentation of the keratin were detected: multifragment and cylindrical.ConclusionsUltrasound can detect early HS signs that are significantly linked to severity and 2 types of fragmentation of the keratin, which could support the generation and perpetuation of the fluid collections and tunnels. These ultrasound signs can help prompt diagnosis and management, the development and testing of medications, and the measure of treatment outcomes in HS.
A model of viscoelastoplasticity in the cochleo‐saccular membranes
Authors: Pender Daniel J. 
Published: November 2019

IntroductionVariations in the distensile behavior of the cochleo‐saccular vestibular membranes may contribute to lesion evolution of endolymphatic hydrops in Meniere's disease. Such variation may be mediated through membrane viscoelastoplasticity. This feature may provide insight into the distensile process at work in these membranes.HypothesisA precipitated collagen matrix can provide a suitable in vitro model of viscoelastoplasticity in cochleo‐saccular vestibular membranes.MethodsAn in vitro extra‐cellular matrix of precipitated collagen was evaluated as a model of suspected viscoelastoplastic behavior in the cochleo‐saccular vestibular membranes. The structure of the precipitated collagen was assessed for its similarity to that of the basal lamina of the pars inferior vestibular membranes. The biomechanics of this matrix were scrutinized for evidence of viscoelastoplastic distensile properties.ResultsA matrix of precipitated collagen was found to exhibit a mesh‐like fibrous structure similar to that of collagen found in the basilar lamina of the cochleo‐saccular vestibular membranes. This matrix was also found to exhibit a sigmoid distensile response as well as strain rate sensitivity, both of which are characteristic properties of polymer viscoelastoplasticity.ConclusionsAn in vitro matrix of precipitated collagen appears to provide a suitable model that can account for variations in the distensile behavior of the cochleo‐saccular vestibular membranes. The model exhibits viscoelastoplasticity and may have heuristic value in the analysis of lesion evolution in Meniere's disease.Level of Evidence6
Nanodosimetric quantities and RBE of a clinically relevant carbon‐ion beam
Authors: Dai Tianyuan , Li Qiang , Liu Xinguo , Dai Zhongying , He Pengbo , Ma Yuanyuan , Shen Guosheng , Chen Weiqiang , Zhang Hui , Meng Qianqian , Zhang Xiaofang 
Published: November 2019

PurposeAlthough carbon‐ion therapy is becoming increasingly attractive to the treatment of tumors, details about the ionization pattern formed by therapeutic carbon‐ion beam in tissue have not been fully investigated. In this work, systematic calculations for the nanodosimetric quantities and relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of a clinically relevant carbon‐ion beam were studied for the first time.MethodsThe method combining both track structure and condensed history Monte Carlo (MC) simulations was adopted to calculate the nanodosimetric quantities. Fragments and energy spectra at different positions of the radiation field of a clinically relevant carbon‐ion pencil beam were generated by means of MC simulations in water. Nanodosimetric quantities such as mean ionization cluster size (), the first moment of conditional cluster size (), cumulative probability (), and conditional cumulative probability () at these positions were then acquired based on the spectra and the pre‐calculated nanodosimetric database created by track structure MC simulations. What’s more, a novel approach to calculate RBE based on the said nanodosimetric quantities was introduced. The RBE calculations were then conducted for the carbon‐ion beam at different water‐equivalent depths.ResultsLateral distributions at various water‐equivalent depths of both the nanodosimetric quantities and RBE values were obtained. The values of , , , and were 1.49, 2.67, 0.30, and 0.38 at the plateau at the beam central axis and maximized at 2.79, 5.69, 0.47, and 0.68 at the depths around the Bragg peak, respectively. At a given depth, and decreased laterally with increasing the distance to the beam central axis while and remained nearly unchanged at first and then decreased except for at the rising edge of the Bragg peak. The calculated RBE values were 1.07 at the plateau and 3.13 around the Bragg peak. Good agreement between the calculated RBE values and experimental data was obtained.ConclusionsDifferent nanodosimetric quantities feature the track structure of therapeutic carbon‐ion beam in different manners. Detailed ionization patterns generated by carbon‐ion beam could be characterized by nanodosimetric quantities. Moreover the combined method adopted in this work to calculate nanodosimetric quantities is not only valid but also convenient. Nanodosimetric quantities are significantly helpful for the RBE calculations in carbon‐ion therapy.
Strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds and steric effects involving C═S groups: An NMR and computational study
Authors: Elias Rita S. , Saeed Bahjat A. , Kamounah Fadhil S. , Duus Fritz , Hansen Poul Erik 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA number of 5‐acyl rhodanines and thiorhodanines with bulky acyl groups (pivaloyl and adamantoyl), not previously available, have been synthesized. The compounds are shown to exist in the enol form. Structures have been calculated using both the MP2 approach and the B3LYP‐GD3BJ functional and the 6‐311++G(d,p) basis set. Hydrogen bond energies are estimated by subtracting energies of a structure with the OH group turned 180° from those of the intramolecularly hydrogen‐bonded one. Properties such as OH chemical shifts, two‐bond isotope effects on13C chemical shifts, electron densities at the bond critical point from atoms in molecules analysis, and the hydrogen bond energies show that the sterically hindered compounds have stronger hydrogen bonds than methyl or isopropyl derivatives. The combination of oxygen and sulfur derivatives enables a detailed analysis of hydrogen bond energies.
An FFT‐based method for computing weighted minimal surfaces in microstructures with applications to the computational homogenization of brittle fracture
Authors: Schneider Matti 
Published: November 2019

SummaryCell formulae for the effective crack resistance of a heterogeneous medium obeying Francfort‐Marigo's formulation of linear elastic fracture mechanics have been proved recently, both in the context of periodic and stochastic homogenization. This work proposes a numerical strategy for computing the effective, possibly anisotropic, crack resistance of voxelized microstructures using the fast Fourier transform (FFT). Based on Strang's continuous minimum cut—maximum flow duality, we explore a primal‐dual hybrid gradient method for computing the effective crack resistance, which may be readily integrated into an existing FFT‐based code for homogenizing thermal conductivity. We close with demonstrative numerical experiments.
Symptom prevalence differences of depression as measured by BDI and PHQ scales in the Look AHEAD study
Authors: Vaughan Elizabeth M. , Johnston Craig A. , Moreno Jennette P. , Cheskin Lawrence J. , Dutton Gareth R. , Gee Molly , Gaussoin Sarah A. , Knowler William C. , Rejeski W. Jack , Wadden Thomas A. , Yanovski Susan Z. , Foreyt John P. ,   The Look AHEAD Research Group
Published: November 2019

SummaryObjectiveTo compare depressive symptomatology as assessed by two frequently used measures, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐1A) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9).MethodsInvestigators conducted a cross‐sectional secondary analysis of data collected as part of the follow‐up observational phase of the Look AHEAD study. Rates of agreement between the BDI‐1A and PHQ‐9 were calculated, and multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between differing depression category classifications and demographic factors (ie, age, sex, race/ethnicity) or comorbidities (ie, diabetes control, cardiovascular disease).ResultsA high level of agreement (κ = 0.47, 95% CI (0.43 to 0.50)) was found in the level of depressive symptomatology between the BDI‐1A and PHQ‐9. Differing classifications (minimal, mild, moderate, and severe) occurred in 16.8% of the sample. Higher scores on the somatic subscale of the BDI‐1A were significantly associated with disagreement as were having a history of cardiovascular disease, lower health‐related quality of life, and minority racial/ethnic classification.ConclusionsEither the BDI‐1A or PHQ‐9 can be used to assess depressive symptomatology in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, further assessment should be considered in those with related somatic symptoms, decreased quality of life, and in racial/ethnic minority populations.
Numerical analysis of residual stresses on microscale and mesoscale in hot bulk forming parts under specific cooling
Authors: Uebing Sonja , Brands Dominik , Scheunemann Lisa , Sarhil Mohammad , Niekamp Rainer , Kock Christoph , Chugreev Alexander , Behrens Bernd-Arno , Schröder Jörg 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe adjustment of targeted residual stress states is important in order to improve the properties of a component. Here, especially hot forming processes offer a meaningful potential since a number of parameters such as deformation state, temperature profile or cooling media can be adapted independently. This publication presents first simulation steps for the calculation of residual stresses on microscale and mesoscale. As a first application, the microscopic phase transformation from austenite to martensite due to a cooling process is considered. The arising mesoscopic eigenstrain distributions are used in the solution of an elasto‐plastic two‐scale boundary value problem to gain resulting residual stress states.
Risk of adverse birth outcomes after maternal varenicline use: A population‐based observational study in Denmark and Sweden
Authors: Pedersen Lars , Petronis Kenneth R. , Nørgaard Mette , Mo Jingping , Frøslev Trine , Stephansson Olof , Granath Fredrik , Kieler Helle , Sørensen Henrik Toft 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPurposeTo examine risks of adverse birth outcomes in women exposed to varenicline during pregnancy.MethodsPopulation‐based cohort study including live‐born and stillborn infants from 1 May 2007 to 31 December 2012. Data from health and administrative registries in Denmark and Sweden, two Nordic countries with universal health care and routine registration of major life and health events. Infants were allocated to three cohorts on the basis of their in utero exposure: the exposed cohort consisting of infants whose mothers were dispensed varenicline during pregnancy; the unexposed cohort comprised infants unexposed to varenicline, but exposed to maternal smoking in utero; and the reference cohort of infants unexposed to varenicline and maternal smoking in utero.The primary outcome was major congenital malformations diagnosed from birth to the first year of life. Secondary outcomes included stillbirth, fetal growth restriction (measured as small for gestational age), preterm delivery, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and sudden infant death syndrome. We estimated the prevalence of the primary outcome and secondary outcomes in the exposed, unexposed, and reference cohorts. Prevalence odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using logistic regression with propensity score adjustment to control for potential confounders.ResultsThe combined cohort included 885 185 infants. Of these, 335 infants were exposed, 78 412 were unexposed, and the remaining 806 438 comprised the reference cohort. Major congenital malformations were detected among 3.6% of exposed infants, 4.3% of unexposed infants, and 4.2% of infants in the reference cohort. The propensity score–adjusted prevalence odds ratio for major congenital malformations was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.45‐1.42) for exposed vs unexposed infants. All analyses of primary and secondary outcomes comparing exposed with unexposed infants yielded odds ratio estimates below or close to unity.Use of varenicline during pregnancy does not appear to increase the risk of major congenital malformations or other adverse birth outcomes.