bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial stewardship program in China’s tertiary hospitals in 2018: a nationwide cross-sectional online survey
Authors: Zhou Yue , Wushouer Haishaerjiang , Zhang Xi , Feng Jiajia , Lin Likai , Zheng Bo , Guan Xiaodong , Shi Luwen 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

The study aimed to assess the development of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) program in China’s tertiary hospitals to identify the potential challenges for AMS program and provide references and benchmarks for strategic policymaking.
Methods

A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted online by sending questionnaires to tertiary hospitals under China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (CARSS) between November 1, 2018 and December 10, 2018. The questionnaire included 5 sections regarding structure, technical support, antimicrobial use management, antimicrobial use surveillance and education. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.
Results

Of 1044 tertiary hospitals under CARSS, 13.4% (140) hospitals participated in the study. Among them, 99.3% (139/140) set up AMS program. Hospital president (82.1%, 115/140) and medical service department (59.3%, 83/140) were responsible for AMS outcomes in most hospitals. Structured antimicrobial formulary restriction management was adopted by 99.3% (139/140) hospitals. Infection disease department, infection control department and microbiological laboratories were established in 87.1% (122/140), 99.3% (139/140), and 100% (140/140) hospitals, respectively. Up to 85.6% (124/140) hospitals applied clinical pathways and 33.6% (47/140) hospitals implemented hospital-specific guidelines for infectious diseases. Outpatient prescription audit, inpatient prescription audit and prophylactic antimicrobial prescription audit of aseptic operation were performed in 99.3% (139/140), 98.6% (138/140) and 95.7% (134/140) hospitals, respectively. Up to 97.1% (136/140) hospitals participated in antimicrobial use surveillance network and 99.3% (139/140) hospitals established the specialized management of carbapenem and tigecycline. Staff education and AMS-related popular science education were provided with different ways and frequency in 100% (140/140) and 88.6% (124/140) hospitals, respectively.
Conclusions

AMS in China’s tertiary hospitals were primarily headed by hospital presidents and involved collaboration among various disciplines and administrative departments. More efforts should be put into further promoting and strengthening the development of hospital-specific guidelines and the establishment of progress and outcome evaluation system.
Cariogenic and erosive potential of liquid oral pediatric medicines of long-term use for children: an in vitro analysis
Authors: Al-Batayneh Ola B. , Al-Bataina Ala'a B. , Khader Yousef S. , Owais Arwa I. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Background

Liquid oral pediatric medicines (LOPM) contain sucrose and glucose and can have a low pH; their chronic administration may increase the risk for dental caries and erosion in children. The aim of this study was to determine sucrose and glucose concentrations, and pH of LOPMs of long-term use by children.
Methods

A cross sectional survey was conducted among 95/381 pharmacies to assess the most commonly prescribed LOPM by pharmacists in North Jordan, yielding 42 medicines which were analyzed for sucrose and glucose concentrations (mg/g) using HPLC-RID, and pH measurement using pH-meter CP-505. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19.0. Differences were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05.
Results

The lowest and highest sucrose concentrations were for Ramlac® (0.9%) from the gastrointestinal medicines and Varolex® (79.5%) from the nutritional medicines, respectively. The lowest and highest glucose concentrations were for Adol® (0.0%) from the central nervous medicines and Pediavit-D® (81.1%) from the nutritional medicines, respectively. The pH ranged from 3.2 for Varolex® from the nutritional medicines to 10.0 for Zithromax® from the antibiotics medicines.
Conclusions

Some of the LOPMs studied had high sucrose or glucose concentrations (or both) and low pH which could increase their potential of causing dental caries and erosion when ingested frequently and chronically.
Prognostic factors associating with depression score in male patients; Inflammation, oxidative stress and serum copper and zinc: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid , Darroudi Susan , Tayefi Batool , Khalili Narjes , Darroudi Haniyeh , Esmaily Habibollah , Abolbashari Samaneh , Ferns Gordon A. , Mohammadpour Amir Hooshang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract

BackgroundThe prevalence of depression increased about 18% during a 10-year period between 2005 and 2015. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between serum zinc and copper, PAB, SOD and hsCRP in men with depression.MethodsIn this study, 3768 men, were recruited as part of MASHAD study. Demographic, anthropometric and metabolic data measured and recorded for all subjects. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used for assessing depression in all participants. Serum zinc and copper concentration, hs-CRP, PAB (Pro-oxidant- Antioxidant Balance), and SOD (Superoxide dismutase) were measured in all subjects.Results:The mean level of copper in males with depression is significantly lower than normal males (p < 0.05); despite the lower level of zinc in depressed subjects, this was not significant (p > 0.05). The median of hs-CRP and mean of PAB were significantly higher in depressed subjects (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the odds ratio (OR) for an association of serum zinc, copper, hs-CRP, SOD and PAB with depression in males. The subjects with a serum copper < 80 µg/dl (Q1) had a 1.337 (1.13–1.582) higher chance of depression and the chance of depression increased 1.021(1.013–1.029) with elevating 1 mg/l of serum hs-CRP. 1.021(1.013–1.029). These data remained the same after adjustment for each other’s. Furthermore, our results strongly suggested that hs-CRP and copper were the independent risk factors for depression in male patients.Conclusion:Inflammation and copper status, not zinc concentration, are two factors that may play a role in depression in male patients.
Genome sequencing survey and identification of SSR of Lycium ruthenicum
Authors: Zhang Defang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Lycium ruthenicum had high economic and ecological role in western China due to the high content of active substances and tolerance to drought and salinity stress. But its genomic information was lack, which seriously affected the next breeding and forestation. We surveyed the genomic size and developed SSRs of L. ruthenicum based on the next generation sequencing technology to lay a theoretical foundation for next genomic research in this study.
Results

Totally 451,721,828 bp raw data were generated, 4,596,439 scaffolds were obtained after assembly. The estimated genome size of L. ruthenicum was 3,249.33 Mb, the heterozygosity rate was 1.13%, and repeat rate was 73.13%. Totally 958,619 SSRs were identified. The average SSRs density were 163.95 SSRs/Mb, the dinucleotide repeat motif accounted for larger proportion in all motifs, the AT/AT, AC/GT and AG/CT are dominant repeat motifs in L. ruthenicum genome.
Conclusion

These results could lay a foundation for next genome sequencing. And SSR data could alarge the molecular resources for L. ruthenicum and relatives, such as genetic mapping, QTL and population genetic study.
Relationship between nutritional biomarkers and occlusal status in gastric cancer patients using the Eichner Index: A cross sectional study
Authors: Abe Atsushi , Ito Yu , Hayashi Hiroki , Ishihama Takanori , Umemura Eri , Tsunoda Akari 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

Systemic inflammatory responses and nutritional status are useful prognostic factors in patients with gastric cancer. Because oral hypofunction is a cause of undernutrition, we cross-sectionally investigated whether some nutritional biomarkers were affected by occlusal supporting zone status.
Methods

The study included 114 patients (85 men and 29 women) diagnosed with gastric cancer at Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital between September 2014 and March 2019. Gastric cancer stage, body mass index (BMI), albumin levels, total lymphocyte counts, cholesterol levels, and C-reactive protein levels were evaluated in preoperative blood tests. Four kinds of nutritional biomarkers were evaluated; they are the Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), prognostic nutrition index (PNI), and controlling nutritional status (CONUT). Oral conditions were assessed by determining the number of remaining teeth, occlusal supporting status based on the Eichner classification. Patients were assigned into three groups per their occlusal status, and mean values were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test.
Results

The mean age and BMI were 72.2 ± 8.5 (50–89) years and 22.0 ± 3.6 (14.8–33.4), respectively. There were here were 42, 39, 23, and 10 stages I, II, III, and IV patients, respectively. The mean number of remaining teeth was 18.1 ± 9.5 teeth. According to the Eichner classification, there were 45, 42, and 27 patients in groups A, B, and C, respectively. There were significant differences in the GPS and NLR values, and CONUT frequencies between groups A and C (P = 0.033, P = 0.00097, P = 0.04, respectively) (Mann-Whitney U test). PNI values were lower in Group C with poor occlusal support zones than in Group A with stable occlusal support zones.
Conclusions

Reductions in occlusal supporting zones were associated with undernutrition. Notably, patients in Eichner Class C with few occlusal supporting zones had poor GPS, PNI, and CONUT values, and were found to be undernourished. Thus, patients with markedly reduced occlusal contacts are often undernourished and have advanced systemic inflammation, which may affect prognosis. Patients in the Eichner Class C group need interventions to improve nutritional status such as dietary counseling due to potential nutritional deficits experienced by this group of patients.
Kinetics of the major coal seam in typical coal mining areas of Southern Junggar coalfield, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Shen Li , Zeng Qiang 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
In the present study, the authors collected coal samples from the Wudong (WD), Dahuangshan (DHS), and Sikeshu (SKS) coal mines in the Southern Junggar coalfield. The collected coal was ground into particle sizes of 0.25–0.38 mm, 0.15–0.18 mm, 0.109–0.12 mm, 0.08–0.096 mm, and <0.075 mm. The experimental data was acquired using diverse methods, such as in situ infrared spectroscopic analysis, temperature-programmed oxidation, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the number of oxygen-containing functional groups increased with the decline in particle size, indicating that a smaller particle size may facilitate oxidation reactions and spontaneous coal combustion. On the basis of the analysis of the elements of coal samples, it can be concluded that the proportion of oxygen elements of coal samples in three mining areas is: WD＞SKS＞SHS. The oxygen consumption rate of the DHS and WD coal samples increased exponentially when the temperature increased; the rate of SKS coal samples initially rose significantly and then decreased. The gas generation rates for the different gases indicated that temperatures of 90 ℃ or 130 ℃ could accelerate the oxidation reaction. The pollutants produced by the oxidation of the SKS coal samples were higher than those by DHS and WD. For all particle diameters, the T3 for the SKS samples is smaller than that for WD and DHS, indicating that the SKS coal sample will combust more readily. With the decrease in particle size, the activation energy showed an increase in low-temperature oxidation stage. While the activation energy of the WD and SKS samples decreased in high temperature stage, that of the DHS increased before decreasing. A lower of activation energy means that the coal will have a higher risk of spontaneous combustion. Based on the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve, SKS coal sample has the highest exothermic heat, the DHS has the second, and WD has the least. With a higher exothermic heat, the coal sample will more readily ignite.
Analysis of clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infected cases: a retrospective study of medical records
Authors: Zhang Han , Lu Lian , Hu Wei , Zhang Jian , Zhu Wei , He Qiqiang , Sun Chengcao , Li De-Jia 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Objectives In order to identify the clinical characteristics of patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and find out the characteristic effects of 2019 New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection on changes in clinical and laboratory data. Patients and methods From January 22 to February 13, 2020, we enrolled consecutive patients with acute respiratory tract symptoms admitted to a hospital (Ezhou, Hubei, China). For different data types t-test, the variables associated with the diagnosis of COVID-19 were compared by chi-square test and u-test, the statistically significant variables (P-value<0.05) were selected into the final logistic regression model. Results 62 (77.5%) confirmed cases and 18 (22.5%) negative cases were confirmed by SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test. Epidemiological investigation and statistical analysis were carried out on the clinical and laboratory data of all suspected cases of COVID-19, the specific indicators were found, and the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 were described. Compared with the patients with negative nucleic acid test, the patients with positive nucleic acid test showed shorter time of onset of symptoms, higher plasma CO2 level, lower eosinophil ratio, lower platelet count and hematocrit, lower serum sodium level, higher serum creatinine, higher blood urea and plasma albumin levels (all P<0.05). Conclusions we argue that the SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause multiple organ damage to the heart, liver, kidney and bone marrow other than lung injury.
IL-1α regulates osteogenic differentiation and osteoclastic activity of dental follicle cells via JNK and p38 MAPK pathways
Authors: meng mingmei , Chen Yandi , Chen Xinlei , Zhang Qiong , Guo Weihua , Zhou Xuedong , Zou Jing 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background

The expression of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) is increased in tooth with periapical lesion and the eruption of the permanent successor is accelerated in the presence of an infected deciduous tooth with abscess formation. Dental follicle (DF) plays a central role in tooth eruption through regulating alveolar bone resorption and formation. However, whether the increased IL-1α can disturb functions of DF and influence tooth eruption remains unknown. Herein, we studied the effect and possible mechanism of IL-1α on osteogenic differentiation, osteoclastic activity and matrix remodeling of the DF cells (DFCs).
Methods

Rat DFCs were treated with IL-1α. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were performed to analyze the expressions of osteogenesis, osteoclast formation and matrix remodeling related genes and proteins. DFC–bone marrow cell co-cultures, osteogenic differentiation and transwell matrigel invasion assay were used to determine the effect of IL-1α on DFCs further. Phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, p65 and p38 were evaluated in the IL-1α-treated group. Specific inhibitors of signal pathways were added to confirm their roles in this process.
Results

IL-1α decreased the expression of osteogenesis-related genes and proteins, and increased the expression of MMP9 and ratios of RANKL/OPG. DFCs cultured with IL-1α showed weaker osteogenic capacity, higher osteoclastogenic and invasive ability. Moreover, phosphorylation of JNK and p38 were up-regulated and pretreatment with specific inhibitors reversed the effect of IL-1α on DFCs.
Conclusions

IL-1α suppresses osteogenic differentiation, promotes osteoclastogenic ability and matrix remodeling of DFCs by activating JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
Lived Experiences of Divorced Women: Psychosocial Effects in Robe Town Oromia, South Eastern, Ethiopia
Authors: Damota Mulugeta Deribe , Gebretsadik Ashebir Demeke , Nigatu Meseret Mulugeta 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Divorce is the legal dissolution of a socially and legally recognized marital relationship that alters the obligations and privileges of the two persons involved. Hence, the main objective of this study was to assess the lived experience of divorced women in Bale Robe town. Purposive sampling was used to select sampling Kebeles since all Kebeles are assuming to be having a similar attribute in the case of divorce experience. The target populations were selected purposively and snowballing sampling techniques. To get the relevant data for this study the data has employed a qualitative, in-depth interview method with the combination of focused group discussion. The researcher used 12 divorced women for an in-depth interview, six divorced women for focused group discussion and six key informants for an in-depth interview. Thematic qualitative analysis technique has been employed by applying a rigorous data analysis procedure. As the result indicated Divorced women experience different psychological problems like anger, grief, feeling of lonely, regret and husband denying biological child. Also, the study revealed that divorce exposed them to social, familial, financial and emotional challenges. Therefore, government, non-governmental organization and social workers should play an important role in family counseling services, increasing public awareness about the social environment and marriage stability.
Evaluation of Magnesium, Vitamin D, Calcium, and Metformin Supplements on Cardiometabolic Variables in Infertile Women Diagnosed with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial
Authors: Aliabad Roghayeh Anvari , Gharakhani Mohsen , Farimani Marzie 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is known as an important etiology of ovulation failure which probably is related to resistance to insulin and other possible related metabolic states. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of supplements such as calcium, vitamin D, and magnesium on cardiometabolic risk factors of infertile PCOS patients. Methods This randomized trial was registrered at Iranian Registry of Clinical Trial (reference code: IRCT2013110615307N1). First, bio-demographic data were gathered and complete physical examinations were performed, for all cases. After meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 106 individuals were randomized into the metformin and vitamin D/calcium (37 patients), metformin and magnesium (34 patients), and metformin (35 patients) groups. After 12 weeks, cardiometabolic parameters including blood pressure, fasting blood sugar (FBS), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) were compared among the mentioned groups. In order to compare treatment groups per protocol analysis was performed. All data were analyzed by SPSS and any p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The results showed no significant difference in age, infertility duration, frequency of metabolic syndrome, and the cause and duration of infertility among the groups. Also, no statistically significant difference was found between patients diagnosed with (N=12, 35%) and without metabolic syndrome. Many of the metabolic factors (body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), FBS, LDL, and cholesterol) were decreased significantly in all groups after the treatments (p<0.001). However, this difference was not statistically significant for HDL, DHEA-S, TG, and testosterone for either of the groups. The mean changes of HDL, testosterone, and LDL were statistically different among the groups (P-values= 0.005, 0.004, and 0.008 for group 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Also, in the metformin and magnesium group, the positive changes of some laboratory parameters were more than the other groups; however, this difference was not statistically significant in most cases. Also, BMI and BP in metformin and magnesium group were more reduced, however, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion It seems that treatment with metformin and magnesium may have benefits for patients with PCOS but further clinical trials are necessary.
Evaluating the Knowledge and Awareness of Women’s about the Nexus between Reproductive Health Problems and Gender Based Violence in North Western Ethiopia
Authors: Bayu EYAYU Kasseye , tegegne Solomon Anteneh , Mhretie Alemeneh Getaneh 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Background: Sexual and reproductive health is the base of peoples living. However, many reproductive health questions are left unanswered. Hence, this study intends to assess women’s awareness and knowledge of reproductive health problems as a result of violence in North Western Ethiopia.Methods: To attain the objective of this study, mixed research approach with cross sectional concurrent research design was employed. Survey questionnaires, interviewees, focus group discussion and document reviews were the data collection instruments used. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive statistics. The target of this study was ten (10) randomly selected districts with 415 women (women in reproductive age) being the unit of analysis.Results: The result demonstrated that, 40% of respondents have an awareness of GBV and its effects on reproductive health, while 60 % are unaware of the importance of the relationship. It also show (55.9 %) of the respondents reported they are aware RH problem can be due to violence, while 44.1 % of as they were unaware. Concerning this awareness, (40.5%) are aware of the problem of headaches, whereas (29.6%) are aware of functional limitation and disability. Considering, psychological/mental health problems, 39 % are aware of the problem of depression and anxiety, while 35.7 % of the respondents reported awareness about post-traumatic stress disorder. Regarding awareness and perception of the sexual and RH problems, (36.1 %) of the respondents reported they have awareness about STI and HIV/AIDS, while 19.8 % have no awareness. The study also showed that unwanted pregnancy, fetal injuries and cervical cancer problems reported by 31.3%, 25.5% and 25.3% respondents respectively. From the study findings, a significant number of respondents are aware of physical health problems rather than psychological and sexual RH problems. This implies even though women are aware of RH problems, they have little awareness that GBV causes RH problems.Conclusion: The findings inferred a majority of the respondents reported no awareness about the types of gender based violence which leads to reproductive health problems. Therefore, the health care sector needs to make significant impact by publicizing and addressing violence against women to reduce RH problems.