bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Overview on COVID-19: Clinical Features, Treatment and Prevention
Authors: Wani Shahid Ud Din , Gautam Surya Prakash , Qadrie Zulfkar Latief 
Published: August 2020

Background:
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a transmissible illness produced
by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has now quickly expanded since
its outbreak in Wuhan City of Hubei region of China to the other parts of the world. In accordance with
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the spread of COVID-19 emerges typically human-
to-humans through respiratory droplets within an area of 1-2 meters.

Aim and Objective:
In the present perspective, we have discussed some of the measures taken to prevent
and treat the patients suffering from COVID-19, and how to restrict further spread of COVID-19
due to SARS-CoV-2.

Results:
The general clinical properties are fever, cough, sore throat, headache, tiredness, myalgia and
difficulty in breathing. Presently no approved treatments for COVID-19, as of now, no pharmaceutical
products have been revealed to be harmless and efficient for the management of COVID-19. Various
anti-viral medicines e.g. ribavirin, lopinavir, and ritonavir have been utilized supported on the familiarity
with SARS and MERS. Many drugs and vaccines are currently being studied in clinical trials, jointly
(Solidarity trial) co-sponsored by the WHO.

Conclusion:
The use of a mask by fit people in community areas to guard against respiratory viral disease
is presently recommended by WHO. Patients must be kept in individual rooms, the rooms, surfaces
and equipment should go through standard sanitization, possibly with sodium hypochlorite. Consequently,
apart from restricting this epidemic, efforts should be made to plan wide-ranging procedures to
thwart potential outbreaks of the zoonotic sources.
Evaluation of the entrepreneurship education program through extracurricular activities of Student Company
Authors: Firmansyah Firmansyah , Rahayu Wardani , Nurjannah Nurjannah 
Published: August 2020

The study was to evaluate the entrepreneurship education program through extracurricular activities of Student Company at SMKN 26 Jakarta used a modified CIPP and Kirkpatrick evaluation model. The results are as follows; 1) The context of the program has been very good to provide facilities to students of SMKN 26 Jakarta who want to develop their entrepreneurial potential at school. The vision, mission, and objectives of the entrepreneurship education program at the vocational high school able to describe the future expectations for students, especially in the field of entrepreneurship. 2) Supporting program implementation factors in the “high” category and able to support program implementation following the objectives. 3) Implementing an entrepreneurship education program through Student Company extracurricular activities in the “middle” category. There found some discrepancies between the program plans and the implementation. 4) The level of satisfaction of students who take part in an entrepreneurial education program activities in the “middle” category. There found several complaints from students about the activities of Student Company that are not following the program plans. 5) The level of knowledge of students who take part in the Student Company extracurricular activities in the “high” category. 6) The application of entrepreneurial values in the daily activities of students who take part in the Student Company extracurricular activities in the “middle” category. 7) The level of self-efficacy of students towards entrepreneurship in the “low” category. The program of entrepreneurship education through extracurricular activities of Student Company not fully able to increase students' interest in entrepreneurship.
Modelo de producción de recursos educativos abiertos Soportados en lengua de señas colombiana
Authors: Alvarez Daniel Salas , Villarreal Rainer Paul , Aleman Romero Arnovis 
Published: August 2020

Este trabajo describe un modelo de producción de Recursos Educativos Digitales Abiertos, soportados en el lengua de señas colombiana, para apoyar procesos de aprendizaje en personas con limitaciones auditivas. El proceso de construcción de los Recursos Educativos Digitales Abiertos, se desarrolló desde la dimensión de los objetos de aprendizaje siguiendo un modelo de producción ajustado a la ingeniería de software, pero que distingue las características específicas de personas con discapacidad auditiva, permitiendo el desarrollo de recursos, los cuales fueron publicados en un repositorio web, con características de accesibilidad. El modelo define las principales fases y actividades fundamentado en un modelo pedagógico bilingüe y articulado con un proceso de producción de software iterativo e incremental, de tal forma que permite garantizar la trazabilidad de las acciones para la producción de los objetos virtuales de aprendizaje. La experiencia de los usuarios con los recursos en el aula evidencia el apoyo significativo del uso de este tipo de estrategias educativas en el proceso de enseñanza en personas con discapacidad auditiva.
Checklists for Complications During Systemic Cancer Treatment Shared by Patients, Friends, and Health Care Professionals: Prospective Interventional Cohort Study
Authors: Jones Helen V , Smith Harry , Cooksley Tim , Jones Philippa , Woolley Toby , Gwyn Murdoch Derick , Thomas Dafydd , Foster Betty , Wakefield Valerie , Innominato Pasquale , Mullard Anna , Ghosal Niladri , Subbe Christian 
Published: August 2020

BackgroundAdvances in cancer management have been associated with an increased incidence of emergency presentations with disease- or treatment-related complications.ObjectiveThis study aimed to measure the ability of patients and members of their social network to complete checklists for complications of systemic treatment for cancer and examine the impact on patient-centered and health-economic outcomes.MethodsA prospective interventional cohort study was performed to assess the impact of a smartphone app used by patients undergoing systemic cancer therapy and members of their network to monitor for common complications. The app was used by patients, a nominated “safety buddy,” and acute oncology services. The control group was made up of patients from the same institution. Measures were based on process (completion of checklists over 60 days), patient experience outcomes (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the General version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy at baseline, 1 month, and 2 months) and health-economic outcomes (usage of appointments in primary care and elective and unscheduled hospital admissions).ResultsAt the conclusion of the study, 50 patients had completed 2882 checklists, and their 50 “safety buddies” had completed 318 checklists. Near daily usage was maintained over the 60-day study period. When compared to a cohort of 50 patients with matching disease profiles from the same institution, patients in the intervention group had comparable changes in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and General version of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy. Patients in the Intervention Group required a third (32 vs 97 nights) of the hospital days with overnight stay compared to patients in the Control Group, though the difference was not significant. The question, “I feel safer with the checklist,” received a mean score of 4.27 (SD 0.87) on a Likert scale (1-5) for patients and 4.55 (SD 0.65) for family and friends.ConclusionsPatients undergoing treatment for cancer and their close contacts can complete checklists for common complications of systemic treatments and take an active role in systems supporting their own safety. A larger sample size will be needed to assess the impact on clinical outcomes and health economics.
PNEUMONIA AND MORTALITY RISK: STUDY ON DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: MP NARMADHA , JAYAN NIKHNA , JOHNY RON 
Published: August 2020

Objective: Pneumonia, a frequent coexistent of diabetes, is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes. The diabetic population is not only prone to pulmonary infection but it is also prone to different comorbidity and complication. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess and compare mortality in diabetic pneumonia and non-diabetic pneumonia group.
Methods: This was a prospective case–control study conducted in two hospitals which included 76 patients with Group 1 (patients with diabetics) and 70 patients with Group 2 (patients who are non-diabetics).
Results: Among 146 patients, mortality in diabetics was 5.47% in comparison with non-diabetics 4.10%. Patients in the diabetic group were significantly (p=0.044) more among pneumonia severity index (PSI) Class IV–V (9.21%) than PSI Class I-III (1.31%). Most of the patients had predisposing condition or underlying disease, hypertension (87.50% vs. 50%), pulmonary (37.50% vs. 83.33%), neurological (37.50% vs. 83.33%), and renal disease (37.5% in diabetic). The common complication in both groups was pleural effusion (50%) and septic shock (25%). Gram-negative bacteria (62.5% vs. 33.33%) and drug-resistant pathogens score (87.5% vs. 66.66%) were more prevalent in both groups.
Conclusion: Our study reveals that poor long-term glycemic control among patients with diabetes clearly increases the risk of hospitalization and mortality. In non-diabetic pneumonia patients, antibiotic-resistant bacteria and preexisting pulmonary disease act as a predictor for mortality.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF SIMAROUBA GLAUCA BARK EXTRACT: AN IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: R ALEESHA , MISHRA BHARAT 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: The present study was envisaged to identify the effect of anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activity for methanolic bark extracts of Simarouba glauca.
Methods: The present study design was to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory and in vitro antidiabetic activity of S. glauca methanolic bark extract. To examine the antidiabetic activity, the samples were studied for their effect on inhibition of alpha-amylase and glucose transport across the dialysis membrane. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation assay and membrane stabilization method.
Results: Our current results indicate that the various bioactive constituents detected in S. glauca may be responsible for its in vitro antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. The ability of plant extract on anti-inflammatory activity showed that it was effective in inhibiting heat-induced albumin denaturation with an IC50 value of test and standard was found to be 46.42 μg/ml and 24.09 μg/ml. In addition to this, heat-induced hemolysis was also performed. The IC50 values of the test and standard were found to be 43.51 μg/ml and 21.41 μg/ml, respectively. The percentage inhibition of the test sample varied from the concentration range of 75 to 100 μg/ml. The IC50 value of the test and standard was found to be 19.08 μg/ml and 9.08 μg/ml, respectively.
Conclusion: The findings of the present study concluded that S. glauca bark has the potential to treat diabetes and a novel natural anti-inflammatory agent as a good source. Thus, S. glauca may be a potential candidate for the development of future antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory compounds. However, still further studies and standardization of the plant research may be required to develop them as medicine.
A REVIEW ON ROLE OF BERRIES AND ITS BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS IN TREATING HYPERTENSION
Authors: WAL ANKITA , WAL PRANAY , ROOHI TAMSHEEL FATIMA 
Published: August 2020

Objective: Hypertension or raised blood pressure leads to the occurrence of morbidity and mortality rate among peoples and it was considered as the primary factor for the occurrence of various cardiac and vascular disorders include ischemic cardiac disease, myocardial necrosis, cardiac failure, renal disorder, atherosclerosis, and cerebrovascular accident. Called “silent killer” because hypertension is an asymptomatic disease in the early stages with no indications on suffered patients and leads to act as a significant factor for the occurrence of severe other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). As berries show considerable interest in improving cardiovascular diseases because they are rich in polyphenol contents and bioactive compounds. Besides their single usage, a polyherbal combination is much better for the treatment of hypertension.
Methods: The data were collected by reviewing a combination of research and review papers from different databases such as PubMed, Medline, ScienceDirect, and Web of science using search keywords such as “hypertension,” “cardiovascular disease,” “berries,” “cranberry,” and “red raspberry” with all their synonyms and related terms.
Result: Various studies shown better associations between higher berry flavonoids and other polyphenolic components and lower the risk of cardiovascular disorders. Based on various scientific evidence, the characteristic of various biochemical processes is treated by berries with its antioxidant, antihypertensive, and anti-sclerotic and other properties.
Conclusion: This paper concludes that in the present day, there is a global increase in berry consumption, which is used in the ailment of various cardiovascular diseases. The studies which are held are needed to define their optimal dose, process, or method of preparation (formulation) and the duration of berry intervention so that these showed better treatment options for hypertension.
IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE CONSTITUENTS OF VITEX DONIANA BY UHPLC/+ESI-QQTOF-MS/MS ANALYSIS
Authors: TO AYOKA , N NWACHUKWU , CO NNADI 
Published: August 2020

Objective: This study evaluated the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the dichloromethane (DCM-F) and n-butanol (BUT) fractions of Vitex doniana and identified the bioactive constituents using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis.
Methods: The methanol extract of the leaves was subjected to liquid-liquid fractionation and the BUT soluble separated by vacuum LC (VLC) using binary mixtures of DCM in methanol (1 L) sequentially in the ratios of 9:1 BF1–1:9 BF5. The antioxidant activity was investigated in vitro using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, phosphomolybdenum total antioxidant capacity, and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power assay methods. The in vivo antioxidant potential was performed by measuring the concentrations of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic parameters in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury.
Results: The extract, DCM-F, and the VLC sub-fractions showed good antioxidant activity which is comparable with ascorbic acid (53.6%). DCM-F showed the highest antioxidant activity (71.6%), while the least activity was shown by BF5 (15.0%). Peak dereplication of LC-MS chromatograms identified several putative compounds in the BUT soluble. DCM-F caused a significant increase (p<0.05) in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and Vitamins C and E in CCl4-induced rats compared to standard. The levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde that were elevated in CCl4-induced rats were also significantly reduced (p<0.05) by the DCM-F compared to standard.
Conclusion: The ability of V. doniana leaves to mop up free radicals and reverse the CCl4-induced hepatic injury in rats suggests antioxidant potentials. The bioactive compounds identified in BUT fraction could support its ethnomedicinal uses in the treatment of illnesses associated with radical scavenging activity.
VARIATIONS IN HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE DURING DIFFERENT TRIMESTERS OF PREGNANCY
Authors: BAGHEL MANISHA , SAINI MANPREET , KANDWAL MAMTA , MODALA SUDHIR 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: The present study was aimed to determine the hematological parameters in pregnant women during different trimesters.
Methods: This is the case–control study, conducted to assess and compare the hematological profile among 120 pregnant (each trimester n=40) and 40 non-pregnant women attending the obstetrics and gynecology department, Santosh Medical College and Hospital, National Capital Region Delhi. SPSS software 17.0 was used for data statistical analysis. Unpaired Student’s t-test used to compare various hematological parameters between different trimesters of pregnancy and non-pregnant females. It is considered that p<0.05 is statistically significant. Analysis of variance with a post hoc test was used.
Results: It has been observed in this study that significant differences found in parameters such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), pulse pressure (PP), heart rate, white blood cell (WBC), hematocrit (HCT), Hb%, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (Hb) (MCH), and MCH concentration (MCHC). Significant differences in mean hematological values in between the trimesters (p<0.05): 1st trimester (WBC, HB, and HCT), 2nd trimester (SBP, diastolic blood pressure [DBP], PP, WBC, HB, HCT, and MCHC), and 3rd trimester (SBP, DBP, PP, WBC, HB, HCT, MCV, MCH, and MCHC) were seen, but no significant difference in age and erythrocytes count.
Conclusion: A considerable change in some hematological values between different trimesters evaluated, also decreased Hb, HCT values, and increased leukocyte values observed in the present study. These changes suggesting that it is very important to follow up hematological parameters of pregnant females during all trimesters of pregnancy so that any late complications can be avoided.
HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE IN PATIENTS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE WITH ITS SEVERITY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, NORTH ODISHA
Authors: BEHERA BIBHU PRASAD 
Published: August 2020

Objective: Efforts can be made to normalize the hematological parameters and slow the progress of the disease so that the morbidity and mortality in these patients with chronic kidney disease could be effectively reduced.
Methods: The observational study was carried out in the Department of General Medicine, Pandit Raghunath Murmu Medical College Hospital, Baripada, between May 2018 and January 2019. Two hundred seventy patients of chronic kidney disease (CKD) above 15 years of age, satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were included in the study.
Results: In our study, 179 (66.30%) were male, and 91 (33.70%) were female with M:F of 1.97:1. The average age of the patients in the study was 55.72±12.77 years. About 42.59 % (115) of the patients were between 46 and 60 years of age. About 35.56% of CKD cases had determined etiology and, 64.44% of cases had unknown etiology. Hemoglobin, RBC, and packed cell volume were significantly lower in the patients with CKD compared to the controls (p=0.0001), and RDW was considerably higher in the patients with CKD compared to the controls (p=0.0001). Microcytic anemia was the most prevalent type of anemia. There was a hugely significant association between the prevalence of thrombocytopenia and the severity of CKD (p=0.006).
Conclusion: This study concluded that patients with CKD show abnormal hematological parameters. Evaluation of hematological parameters in these patients helps in classifying the type of anemia, aids in choosing the correct treatment modalities, and decreases mortality.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING OF MALLOTUS PHILIPPENSIS AGAINST CCL4- AND ATT-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS
Authors: T MUTHURAMU , RAHMAN MUJEEB UR , MENGESHA YESSU ABDUROHMAN 
Published: August 2020

Objective: Mallotus philippensis (Mp) is locally known as kamala and is a large woody multipurpose medicinal tree belonging to the family of Euphorbiaceae. Mp possess a wide variety of activities such as skin problem, bronchitis, antifungal, worm infestation (tapeworm) eye disease, cancer, diabetes, and diarrhea. Hence, the present study was intended to evaluate methanolic fruits extract of Mp for hepatoprotective activities.
Methods: The hepatoprotective activity was studied by CCl4 at the dose of 1 ml/kg of body weight in liquid olive oil in the ratio of 1:1 and ATT (isoniazid − 7.5 mg/kg, rifampicin − 10 mg/kg, and pyrazinamide − 35 mg/kg b.w.) induced models. Acute toxicity study and preliminary phytochemical screening were also studied to evaluate the toxicity.
Results: No toxicity profile was observed in rats after oral administration of the methanolic fruits extract at the dose of 2 g/kg body weight. The different dose of 300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg administered with the extract of Mp. There was a significant (p<0.001) reduction in biochemical parameters with respect to control. Phytochemical screening of the fruits extract revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins, and terpenoids.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the hepatoprotective activity elucidated by Mallotus philippensis could be mainly due to the presences of high-value class of compound like the phenolic group as the major content in the plant.
ROLE OF MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCAN IN THE ASSESSMENT OF MEDIASTINAL MASSES
Authors: RAI HIMAL , DEBNATH MANNA , P VERMA ANAND 
Published: August 2020

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine the sensitivity and specificity of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in the evaluation of masses present in the mediastinum and to determine the localization and the common age group exposed to mediastinal masses.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study included 33 males and 21 females’ samples in the age range between 20 to 70 years. The patients who are specifically suspected of mediastinal masses were included in this research study and accumulated the data. The research was conducted between August 2017 to March 2018. The analysis of the data was performed using Microsoft Excel 2010.
Results: Patients were referred for MDCT scan of the chest to the department of radiodiagnosis with a clinical suspicion of a mediastinal mass or who had an abnormal chest radiograph suggestive of mediastinal mass during the study period. The final result of the study clearly indicates that the majority of the patients that fall within the age group of 40–49 years and 50–59 years have the highest probability of occurring mediastinal masses.
Conclusion: The present study concluded that anterior mediastinum is the most usual compartment involving the formation of mediastinal mass, followed by the posterior and middle compartment. MDCT is the modality of choice, which can evaluate mediastinal mass with higher accuracy.