bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hišām's ʾIbrāhām: Evidence for a Canonical Quranic Reading Based on the Rasm
Authors: VAN PUTTEN MARIJN 
Published: January 2020

AbstractIn early quranic Manuscripts the name of the prophet ʾIbrāhīm occurs in two different spellings either ابرهم or ابرهيم . These two spellings are spread haphazardly throughout the Quran. Close examination of the patterns in the manuscript, however, show that the distribution of this spelling is not random or up to the whims of the scribe. The location where one spelling or the other occurs is highly correlated across the early manuscripts. Moreover, the location of one spelling or the other is highly correlated to where the quranic reader Hišām reads the name as ʾIbrāhām or ʾIbrāhīm. This paper argues that this is not because these manuscripts have been written in the reading of Hišām, but rather that Hišām based his reading on the rasm of the quranic text.
The Hungarian Twin Registry Update: Turning From a Voluntary to a Population-Based Registry
Authors: Tarnoki Adam D. , Tarnoki David L. , Forgo Bianka , Szabo Helga , Melicher Dora , Metneki Julia , Littvay Levente 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSince our last report on the voluntary Hungarian Twin Registry (HTR) in 2012, the number of pairs or multiplets included increased from 310 to 1044. Efforts to turn the registry into a population-based one are on the way. Nearly 128,000 twins living in Hungary (98,500 adults) will be mailed information on how to register on the new HTR website. Twins will be asked to invite their spouses and immediate family members. Meanwhile, strong cooperation through exchange programs has been developed with other foreign twin registries. Current research focuses on radiogenomics, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, gut microbiome as well as basic molecular research and yielded new awards and further publications.
Subseafloor Cross‐Hole Tracer Experiment Reveals Hydrologic Properties, Heterogeneities, and Reactions in Slow‐Spreading Oceanic Crust
Authors: Wheat C. Geoffrey , Becker Keir , Villinger Heinrich , Orcutt Beth N. , Fournier Trevor , Hartwell Anne , Paul Claudia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe permeability, connectivity, and reactivity of fluid reservoirs in oceanic crust are poorly constrained, yet these reservoirs are pathways for about a quarter of the Earth's heat loss, and seawater‐rock exchange within them impact ocean chemical cycles. We present results from the second ever cross‐hole tracer experiment within oceanic crust and the first conducted during a single expedition and in slow‐spreading crust west of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge at North Pond. Here we employed boreholes that were drilled by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (Sites U1382 and U1383) that were instrumented and sealed. A cesium salt solution and bottom seawater tracer experiment provided a measure of the minimum Darcy fluid velocity (2 to 41 m/day) within the upper volcanic crust, constraining the minimum permeability of 10−11 to 10−9 m2. We also document chemical heterogeneities in crustal fluid compositions, rebound from drilling disturbances, and nitrification within the basaltic crust, based on systematic differences in borehole fluid compositions over a 5‐year period. These results also show heterogeneous fluid compositions with depth in the borehole, indicating that hydrothermal circulation is not vigorous enough to homogenize the fluid composition in the upper permeable basaltic basement, at least not on the time scale of 5 years. Our work verifies the potential for future manipulative experiments to characterize hydrologic, biogeochemical, and microbial process within the upper basaltic crust.
Direct Evidence for Electron Acceleration Within Ion‐Scale Flux Rope
Authors: Zhong Z.H. , Zhou M. , Tang R.X. , Deng X.H. , Turner D.L. , Cohen I.J. , Pang Y. , Man H.Y. , Russell C.T. , Giles B.L. , Paterson W.R. , Khotyaintsev Y. , Burch J.L. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractEnergetic electrons have frequently been observed in small‐scale flux ropes. However, whether these energetic electrons were energized directly within the flux rope or not is unknown. In this paper, we present concrete evidence provided by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission that a secondary flux rope provided strong acceleration for electrons expelled by the reconnection X line. We find that the energetic electron fluxes inside the ion‐scale flux rope were larger than those outside the flux rope. Electrons were adiabatically accelerated by betatron and Fermi mechanisms inside the flux rope. The highest energy electrons (>100 keV) were produced by betatron acceleration, whereas Fermi acceleration was unable to accelerate the electrons to high energy probably due to the finite distance of the acceleration region along the field‐aligned direction. These results confirm the essential role of ion‐scale flux ropes in producing energetic electrons.
Combining thermodynamics with tensor completion techniques to enable multicomponent microstructure prediction
Authors: Coutinho Yuri Amorim , Vervliet Nico , De Lathauwer Lieven , Moelans Nele 
Published: January 2020

AbstractMulticomponent alloys show intricate microstructure evolution, providing materials engineers with a nearly inexhaustible variety of solutions to enhance material properties. Multicomponent microstructure evolution simulations are indispensable to exploit these opportunities. These simulations, however, require the handling of high-dimensional and prohibitively large data sets of thermodynamic quantities, of which the size grows exponentially with the number of elements in the alloy, making it virtually impossible to handle the effects of four or more elements. In this paper, we introduce the use of tensor completion for high-dimensional data sets in materials science as a general and elegant solution to this problem. We show that we can obtain an accurate representation of the composition dependence of high-dimensional thermodynamic quantities, and that the decomposed tensor representation can be evaluated very efficiently in microstructure simulations. This realization enables true multicomponent thermodynamic and microstructure modeling for alloy design.
Effects of centrifugation and whole-body vibrations on blood–brain barrier permeability in mice
Authors: Dubayle David , Vanden-Bossche Arnaud , Beraneck Mathieu , Vico Laurence , Morel Jean-Luc 
Published: January 2020

AbstractModifications of gravity levels induce generalized adaptation of mammalian physiology, including vascular, brain, muscle, bone and immunity functions. As a crucial interface between the vascular system and the brain, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) acts as a filter to protect neurons from pathogens and inflammation. Here we compare the effects of several protocols of hypergravity induced by centrifugation and whole-body vibrations (WBV) on BBB integrity. The immunohistochemistry revealed immunoglobulin G (IgG) extravasation from blood to hippocampal parenchyma of mice centrifuged at 2 × g during 1 or 50 days, whereas short exposures to higher hypergravity mimicking the profiles of spaceflight landing and take-off (short exposures to 5 × g) had no effects. These results suggest prolonged centrifugation (>1 days) at 2 × g induced a BBB leakage. Moreover, WBV were similarly tested. The short exposure to +2 × g vibrations (900 s/day at 90 Hz) repeated for 63 days induced IgG extravasation in hippocampal parenchyma, whereas the progressive increase of vibrations from +0.5 to +2 × g for 63 days was not able to affect the IgG crossing through the BBB. Overall, these results suggest that the BBB permeability is sensitive to prolonged external accelerations. In conclusion, we advise that the protocols of WBV and centrifugation, proposed as countermeasure to spaceflight, should be designed with progressively increasing exposure to reduce potential side effects on the BBB.
The potency of lncRNA MALAT1/miR-155/CTLA4 axis in altering Th1/Th2 balance of asthma
Authors: Liang Zhijun , Tang Fenglian 
Published: January 2020

AbstractObjectives: The present study examined if the metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1)/miR-155/CTLA-4 axis was involved in modifying Th1/Th2 balance, a critical indicator for asthma progression. Methods: Altogether 772 asthma patients and 441 healthy controls were recruited, and their blood samples were collected to determine expressional levels of MALAT1, miR-155, CTLA-4, T-bet, GATA3, Th1-type cytokines and Th2-type cytokines. The CD4+ T cells were administered with pcDNA3.1-MALAT1, si-MALAT1, miR-155 mimic and miR-155 inhibitor to assess their effects on cytokine release. The luciferase reporter gene assay was also adopted to evaluate the sponging relationships between MALAT1 and miR-155, as well as between miR-155 and CTLA-4. Results: Over-expressed MALAT1 and under-expressed miR-155 were more frequently detected among asthma patients who showed traits of reduced forced expiratory failure volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1% of predicted (P&lt;0.05). Moreover, MALAT1 expression was negatively expressed with the Th1/Th2 and T-bet/GATA3 ratios, yet miR-155 expression displayed a positively correlation with the ratios (P&lt;0.05). Additionally, the IFN-γ, IL-2 and T-bet levels were reduced under the influence of pcDNA3.1-MALAT1 and miR-155 inhibitor, while levels of IL-4, IL-10 and GATA3 were raised under identical settings (P&lt;0.05). Furthermore, MALAT1 constrained expression of miR-155 within CD4+ T cells by sponging it, and CTLA-4 could interfere with the effects of MALAT1 and miR-155 on Th1/Th2 balance and T-bet/Gata3 ratio (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: MALAT1 sponging miR-155 was involved with regulation of Th1/Th2 balance within CD4+ T cells, which might aid to develop therapies for amelioration of asthmatic inflammation.
Bleeding from Small Intestine: No Man's Land
Authors: Sahakian Ara , Lee Sang W. , Shin Joongho 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBleedings from small intestine account for 5% of all gastrointestinal bleeding. With advanced endoscopic tools, such as video capsule endoscopy and deep enteroscopy, accurate diagnosis and treatment is possible in majority of cases with low mortality and morbidity. Nonoperative management includes endoscopic hemostasis and angiographic embolization. Recurrence after initial treatment is relatively common. Surgery is reserved for the cases that are refractory to endoscopic or angiographic treatment, bleeding from tumor or mass lesions, or hemodynamic instability. At the time of surgical exploration, unless the lesion has been marked by endoscopic tattoo or clip, intraoperative enteroscopy is often necessary to localize the lesion.
Syphilis Immunoassay Signal Strength Correlates with Active Infection in Pregnant Women
Authors: Zofkie Amanda C. , Seasely Angela R. , Gaffney Donna , Rogers Vanessa L. , Mcintire Donald D. , Roberts Scott W. , Adhikari Emily H. 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association of ARCHITECT chemiluminescent immunoassay (CIA) signal strength (signal-to-cutoff [S/CO] ratio), with maternal syphilis stage, rapid plasma reagin (RPR) reactivity, and congenital syphilis.
Study Design A prospective observational study of reverse syphilis screening was conducted. Pregnant women were screened with CIA. Reactive CIA was reflexed to RPR; particle agglutination test (Treponema pallidum particle agglutination [TPPA]) was performed for CIA+/RPR− results. Clinical staging with history and physical was performed, and disease stage was determined. Prior treatment was confirmed. We compared S/CO ratio and neonatal outcomes among the following groups:
Group 1: CIA+/RPR+/TPPA+ or CIA+/RPR−/TPPA+ with active syphilis;
Group 2: CIA+/RPR−/TPPA+ or CIA+/serofast RPR/TPPA+, previously treated;
Group 3: CIA+/RPR−/TPPA+, no history of treatment or active disease;
Group 4: CIA+/RPR−/TPPA−, false-positive CIA.
Results A total of 144 women delivered with reactive CIA: 38 (26%) in Group 1, 69 (48%) in Group 2, 20 (14%) in Group 3, and 17 (12%) in Group 4. Mean (±standard deviation) S/CO ratio was 18.3 ± 5.4, 12.1 ± 5.3, 9.1 ± 4.6, and 1.9 ± 0.8, respectively (p < 0.001). Neonates with overt congenital syphilis occurred exclusively in Group 1.
Conclusion Women with active syphilis based on treatment history, clinical staging, and laboratory indices have higher CIA S/CO ratio and are more likely to deliver neonates with overt evidence of congenital syphilis.
On revolutions
Authors: Leroi Armand M. , Lambert Ben , Mauch Matthias , Papadopoulou Marina , Ananiadou Sophia , Lindberg Staffan I. , Lindenfors Patrik 
Published: January 2020

AbstractSometimes the normal course of events is disrupted by a particularly swift and profound change. Historians have often referred to such changes as “revolutions”, and, though they have identified many of them, they have rarely supported their claims with statistical evidence. Here, we present a method to identify revolutions based on a measure of multivariate rate of change called Foote novelty. We define revolutions as those periods of time when the value of this measure is, by a non-parametric test, shown to significantly exceed the background rate. Our method also identifies conservative periods when the rate of change is unusually low. We apply it to several quantitative data sets that capture long-term political, social and cultural changes and, in some of them, identify revolutions — both well known and not. Our method is general and can be applied to any phenomenon captured by multivariate time series data of sufficient quality.
A compartment size-dependent selective threshold limits mutation accumulation in hierarchical tissues
Authors: Grajzel Dániel , Derényi Imre , Szöllősi Gergely J. 
Published: January 2020

Significance
Renewed tissues of multicellular organism accumulate mutations that lead to aging and cancer. To mitigate these effects, self-renewing tissues produce cells along differentiation hierarchies, which have been shown to suppress somatic evolution both by limiting the number of cell divisions, and thus reducing mutational load, and by differentiation “washing out” mutations. Our analytical results reveal the existence of a third mechanism: a compartment size-dependent threshold in proliferative advantage, below which mutations cannot persist, but are rapidly expelled from the tissue by differentiation. In sufficiently small compartments, the resulting selective barrier can greatly slow down somatic evolution and reduce the risk of cancer by preventing the accumulation of mutations even if even they confer substantial proliferative advantage.
A new derivation of singularity theorems with weakened energy hypotheses
Authors: Fewster Christopher J , Kontou Eleni-Alexandra 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The original singularity theorems of Penrose and Hawking were proved for matter obeying the null energy condition or strong energy condition, respectively. Various authors have proved versions of these results under weakened hypotheses, by considering the Riccati inequality obtained from Raychaudhuri’s equation. Here, we give a different derivation that avoids the Raychaudhuri equation but instead makes use of index form methods. We show how our results improve over existing methods and how they can be applied to hypotheses inspired by quantum energy inequalities. In this last case, we make quantitative estimates of the initial conditions required for our singularity theorems to apply.
Foundations of optical diagnostics in low-temperature plasmas
Authors: Engeln Richard , Klarenaar Bart , Guaitella Olivier 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Over the past few decades many diagnostics have been developed to study the non-equilibrium nature of plasma. These developments have given experimentalists the possibility to measure in situ molecular and atomic densities, electron and ion densities, temperatures and velocities of species in the plasma, to just name a few. Many of the diagnostic techniques are based on the ‘photon-in, photon-out’ principle and were at first developed to perform spectroscopy on atoms and molecules. Much later they were introduced in the research of plasmas. In this foundation paper we will focus on optical-based diagnostics that are now for quite some time common use in the field of low-temperature plasma physics research. The basic principles of the diagnostics will be outlined and references will be given to papers where these techniques were successfully applied. For a more comprehensive understanding of the techniques the reader will be referred to textbooks.
Spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in harmonic generation driven by intense circularly polarized laser
Authors: Li Shasha , Zhang Xiaomei , Gong Weifeng , Bu Zhigang , Shen Baifei 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion (STOC) is a very important fundamental phenomenon governed by the conservation of total angular momentum (TAM). In optics, this conversion is usually associated with the vortex light carrying the orbital angular momentum (OAM). In this paper we demonstrate a new mechanism to achieve STOC via the interaction of an intense circularly polarized (CP) laser pulse with a solid density plasma target. We find that when a laser pulse with relativistic intensity is tightly focused, a longitudinal electric field is induced owing to the finite transverse size and profile of the laser field. Therefore, even for the normally incident CP laser, the induced longitudinal electric field can drive an oscillating vortex plasma surface to emit the vortex harmonics when the laser interacts with the plasma target. Based on simulations and theoretical analysis, we verify this harmonic generation mechanism and reveal the STOC process in the harmonic generation. It is shown that the spin angular momenta of multiple fundamental-frequency photons are converted to the OAM of a single harmonic photon because of the TAM conservation. We also discuss the dynamical symmetries in the harmonic generation process, which physically constrains the harmonic orders, as well as the angular momenta. In addition, if a vortex laser beam or a spiral phase plate is used, the OAM of the harmonic photon becomes more tunable and controllable. This study provides a deep insight into the nature of the spin–orbital interaction in optics.
The improvement of protection methods from the progressive collapse of one-storey industrial buildings
Authors: Trekin N N , Kodysh E N , Kelasiev N G , Shmakov S D , Chaganov A B , Terehov I A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The article deals with the main calculation methods of load-bearing systems for protection from the progressive collapse used both in Russia and in foreign countries. On the basis of the existing experience the recommended engineering decisions help to protect single-storey industrial buildings made of precast concrete structures from the progressive collapse. There are significant heights, rare step of columns and large spans of roof structures in this type of buildings. In the case of reinforced concrete buildings they also have significant loads from their own weight so it is a difficult to design the protection from the progressive collapse especially in the case of narrow conditions and in the reconstructed construction sites. The authors suppose that the use of the recommended engineering decisions help to perform effectively the protection from progressive collapse and to reduce time and financial costs.
Modeling of Damages of Steel Structures of Industrial Buildings
Authors: Buzalo N A , Alexeeva A S , Chernykhovsky B A 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
in this paper, the most common types of damage to metal structures were considered. Their mathematical models were specified in Ansys. In the framework of the problem under consideration, the stress-strain state of the samples in the elastic zone and beyond is studied, i.e. beyond proportionality, in this case it is necessary to perform non-linear analysis. Nonlinear mechanical properties of the material were set in the program. As a result of the calculation, the authors obtained curves of the dependence of the maximum strain in the middle of the rack on the magnitude of the applied force. the calculation results show satisfactory convergence with the experimental results. Thus, it is possible to perform a similar assessment of the decrease in the bearing capacity of the rack for damage not studied in the full-scale experiment.
Physical modeling of reinforced concrete structures exposed to emergency loads
Authors: Chemodurov V T , Korenkov P A , Leonenko Yu S , Korenkova O O 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The article examines the role of dynamic collapse modelling for reinforced concrete structures exposed to emergency dynamic loads. The authors reviewed methodological approaches to test simulation of emergency loads applied to reinforced concrete structures with the aim to consider the scale effects revealed in manufacturing of test models of reinforced concrete structures. The comparative analysis is based on the examples of the authors’ previous computational and experimental investigations of the reinforced concrete building frames made of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete. The article determines regularities in the impact of physical and geometric similarities applicable to models and full-scale specimens. The obtained results can become a base for a mathematical description of the impact produced by scale effects that shall be considered in simulation of emergency dynamic loads for the given structures.
The terms of soils removal from the defects of the underground structures’ lining
Authors: Kulikova E Yu , Ivannikov A L 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The lack of filtration reliability of bearing structures of urban underground facilities laid down at the design stage is associated with the unresolved issues of their filtration interaction with the adjacent soil or rock body. Water flows through the lining of the underground structure destroy the load-bearing structures, contribute to the removal of loose material into underground workings and create unacceptable microclimatic conditions for human stay. The question arises not only about the permissible degree of permeability of these structures, about the influence of filtration processes on the properties of the lining materials and their stability, but also about the relationship of water permeability of the bearing elements with the properties of the rock mass. Therefore, ensuring the filtration reliability of urban underground structures should be based on a set of protective measures aimed at involving in the work of the relevant properties of the underground object, and rock mass and technological methods of its construction, maintenance and operation. The problem of sealing the underground structure cannot be solved only by improving the concrete lining and raises the question of the need for measures to manage the characteristics of the state of the soil mass, which is the subject of this study.
On the reinforcement of thin-walled cold-drawn C-channel beams
Authors: Manuylov G A , Begichev M M 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The paper considers the problem of stability of a thin-walled channel. Options for increasing the stability of the channel by changing its cross-section are proposed. Stiffness increased by adding triangular folds, as well as by adding stiffeners. The influence of initial imperfections of geometry in the channel model on the critical load of stability loss and postcritical behavior of the model is investigated. Imperfections were defined as deviations of the geometry of the pseudo-random amplitude.