bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Fundamental Cognitive Taxonomy for Cognition Aids
Authors: McLaughlin Anne Collins , Byrne Vicky E. 
Published: May 2020

Objective This study aimed to organize the literature on cognitive aids to allow comparison of findings across studies and link the applied work of aid development to psychological constructs and theories of cognition. Background Numerous taxonomies have been developed, all of which label cognitive aids via their surface characteristics. This complicates integration of the literature, as a type of aid, such as a checklist, can provide many different forms of support (cf. prospective memory for steps and decision support for alternative diagnoses). Method In this synthesis of the literature, we address the disparate findings and organize them at their most basic level: Which cognitive processes does the aid need to support? Which processes do they support? Such processes include attention, perception, decision making, memory, and declarative knowledge. Results Cognitive aids can be classified into the processes they support. Some studies focused on how an aid supports the cognitive processes demanded by the task (aid function). Other studies focused on supporting the processes needed to utilize the aid (aid usability). Conclusion Classifying cognitive aids according to the processes they support allows comparison across studies in the literature and a formalized way of planning the design of new cognitive aids. Once the literature is organized, theory-based guidelines and applied examples can be used by cognitive aid researchers and designers. Application Aids can be designed according to the cognitive processes they need to support. Designers can be clear about their focus, either examining how to support specific cognitive processes or improving the usability of the aid.
Differences between homeless and non-homeless people in a matched sample referred for mental health reasons in police custody
Authors: Hopkin Gareth , Chaplin Lucia , Slade Karen , Craster Laura , Valmaggia Lucia , Samele Chiara , Forrester Andrew 
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Homelessness has risen across high-income countries in the last decade, and in the United Kingdom, there has been a drastic increase in people living on the streets. Due to these increases, policy responses from public services are required to address the needs of this group. The risk factors for homelessness and conditions that this group live in mean they are at elevated risk of both mental health problems and contact with the criminal justice system. Despite this, there is little previous research on the homeless in police custody. Methods: Our study used a matched sample of homeless ( n = 77) and non-homeless (n = 77) individuals to examine whether there were different needs across this group and whether the responses of a criminal justice mental health service differ for this group. This study is a secondary data analysis of a more extensive study. Results: Homeless and non-homeless detainees referred to the mental health service were broadly similar. However, differences in some variables show that homeless detainees had higher rates and frequency of substance misuse as well as some suggestion of more acute immediate need. Onward referrals were lower for homeless people, and it is not clear why this is the case. In addition, for those referred contact with services over time was reduced compared to the non-homeless group. Discussion: Our findings indicate that mental health services in police custody may need adaptations to ensure homeless individuals’ higher level of need is addressed and that they receive appropriate care both during and after detention. Further quantitative and qualitative research is needed to confirm why responses differ and to assess what can be done to address this issue.
Management of the Temporal Bone Fibrous Dysplasia With External Auditory Canal Stenosis and Secondary Cholesteatoma in an Asian Population: A 11-Case Series
Authors: Zhang Kun , Qu Peng , Wang Bing , Zhang Endong , Chen Bing 
Published: May 2020

Objective: This article summarizes the experience of diagnosis and treatment of temporal bone fibrous dysplasia (FD) with external auditory canal (EAC) stenosis and secondary cholesteatoma in the Chinese population, in order to improve the quality of life of patients in the future. Methods: Eleven patients with FD of the temporal bone who underwent surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Results: All lesions originated from the temporal bone, and all involved of the EAC. There were 11 cases of cholesteatoma in the EAC, 4 cases of cholesteatoma in the middle ear. The most common symptoms were hearing loss (100%), tinnitus (36.4%), and otorrhea (36.4%). Two patients were severe-profound sensorineural hearing loss, and one patient was complicated with subperiosteal abscesses. All 11 patients underwent surgery. There were no perioperative complications in this series and median follow-up time was 4.2 years. Conclusion: Temporal bone FD remains a rare diagnosis, especially in the Asian population. The lesions mainly lead to stenosis of the EAC, especially at the osteochondral junction. Cholesteatoma is the main complication of this disease, which is secondary to occlusion of the EAC with the growth of the lesion. Canaloplasty of EAC combined with wide meatoplasty can provide excellent prognosis in most cases.
Participation in and outcomes from a 12-month tailored exercise programme for people with multiple sclerosis (MSTEP©): a randomized trial
Authors: Mayo Nancy E , Mate Kedar KV , Reid Ryan , Duquette Pierre , Lapierre Yves , Barclay Ruth , Bayley Mark , Bartlett Susan , Andersen Ross 
Published: May 2020

Objective: To estimate, among people with multiple sclerosis, the extent to which a personally tailored exercise programme (MSTEP©) resulted in greater improvements in exercise capacity and related outcomes over 12 months in comparison with general exercise guidelines. Design: Two-group randomized trial. Subjects: Ambulatory and sedentary. Interventions: MSTEP©, a personally adapted exercise regimen done on most days including two days of high intensity exercise; guidelines recommending 30 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic and strength training two times per week. Main measures: Primary outcome was peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) at 12 months; secondary outcomes were composite measures of physical function, fatigue, and health-related quality of life. Results: In total, 137 people were randomized, 66 were lost over 12 months leaving 71 with outcome data, 34 in MSTEP© group, and 37 in the Guideline group. Exercise enjoyment and confidence and exercise-induced fatigue predicted retention. There were no differences between groups on the proportion making a 10% increase in VO2peak (27.1% MSTEP© vs 29.6% Guidelines; OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.23–3.08) by the 12 month assessment. The effect on fatigue was larger in the MSTEP© group than the Guideline groups (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 0.93–2.74), the effect on physical function was more modest (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 0.80–2.25), and null for health-related quality of life outcomes. Conclusions: The disappointing exercise retention suggests that people with multiple sclerosis may not consider exercise important to their brain health. Either type of exercise resulted in stable exercise capacity over 1 year in those sticking with the programme.
Temporal dissociation of phencyclidine: Induced locomotor and social alterations in rats using an automated homecage monitoring system – implications for the 3Rs and preclinical drug discovery
Authors: Mitchell Emma J , Brett Ros R , Armstrong J Douglas , Sillito Rowland R , Pratt Judith A 
Published: May 2020

Background: Rodent behavioural assays are widely used to delineate the mechanisms of psychiatric disorders and predict the efficacy of drug candidates. Conventional behavioural paradigms are restricted to short time windows and involve transferring animals from the homecage to unfamiliar apparatus which induces stress. Additionally, factors including environmental perturbations, handling and the presence of an experimenter can impact behaviour and confound data interpretation. To improve welfare and reproducibility these issues must be resolved. Automated homecage monitoring offers a more ethologically relevant approach with reduced experimenter bias. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of an automated homecage system at detecting locomotor and social alterations induced by phencyclidine (PCP) in group-housed rats. PCP is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist commonly utilised to model aspects of schizophrenia. Methods: Rats housed in groups of three were implanted with radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. Each homecage was placed over a RFID reader baseplate for the automated monitoring of the social and locomotor activity of each individual rat. For all rats, we acquired homecage data for 24 h following administration of both saline and PCP (2.5 mg/kg). Results: PCP resulted in significantly increased distance travelled from 15 to 60 min post injection. Furthermore, PCP significantly enhanced time spent isolated from cage mates and this asociality occured from 60 to 105 min post treatment. Conclusions: Unlike conventional assays, in-cage monitoring captures the temporal duration of drug effects on multiple behaviours in the same group of animals. This approach could benefit psychiatric preclinical drug discovery through improved welfare and increased between-laboratory replicability.
Surveillance of small, solid pulmonary nodules at digital chest tomosynthesis: data from a cohort of the pilot Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS)
Authors: Meltzer Carin , Fagman Erika , Vikgren Jenny , Molnar David , Borna Eivind , Beni Maral Mirzai , Brandberg John , Bergman Bengt , Båth Magnus , Johnsson Åse A 
Published: May 2020

Background Digital tomosynthesis (DTS) might be a low-dose/low-cost alternative to computed tomography (CT). Purpose To investigate DTS relative to CT for surveillance of incidental, solid pulmonary nodules. Material and Methods Recruited from a population study, 106 participants with indeterminate solid pulmonary nodules on CT underwent surveillance with concurrently performed CT and DTS. Nodule size on DTS was assessed by manual diameter measurements and semi-automatic nodule segmentations were independently performed on CT. Measurement agreement was analyzed according to Bland–Altman with 95% limits of agreement (LoA). Detection of nodule volume change > 25% by DTS in comparison to CT was evaluated with receiver operating characteristics (ROC). Results A total of 81 nodules (76%) were assessed as measurable on DTS by two independent observers. Inter- and intra-observer LoA regarding change in average diameter were ± 2 mm. Calculation of relative volume change on DTS resulted in wide inter- and intra-observer LoA in the order of ± 100% and ± 50%. Comparing relative volume change between DTS and CT resulted in LoA of –58% to 67%. The area under the ROC curve regarding the ability of DTS to detect volumetric changes > 25% on CT was 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.40–0.76) and 0.50 (95% CI = 0.35–0.66) for the two observers. Conclusion The results of the present study show that measurement variability limits the agreement between DTS and CT regarding nodule size change for small solid nodules.
Team adaptation and the changing nature of work: Lessons from practice, evidence from research, and challenges for the road ahead
Authors: Rico Ramon , Gibson Cristina , Sanchez-Manzanares Miriam , Clark Mark A. 
Published: May 2020

As the fabric of modern organizations, teams provide capacity to handle the ongoing adaptation demanded by contexts that characterize the future of work. While scholars have studied how team composition and structural characteristics facilitate team adaptation, both research and practice will benefit from also explicating the process of adapting—how a team’s active coping determines team adaptation over time. To move in this direction, we integrate perspectives on team adaptation which emphasize how teams understand complex environments and combine coordination processes to reach adaptive outcomes. This clarifies when, why, and how teams adapt, yielding performance benefits for organizations. Our goal is to offer evidence-based insights and theoretical reasoning to foster future research explaining the team adaptation–performance connection in current complex and changing work environments. JEL classification: L2
Associations of Health Literacy and Menu-Labeling Usage With Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Among Adults in Mississippi, 2016
Authors: Lee Seung Hee , Zhang Lei , Rubin Donald L. , Park Sohyun 
Published: May 2020

Purpose: Examine association of health literacy (HL) and menu-labeling (ML) usage with sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake among adults in Mississippi. Design: Quantitative, cross-sectional study. Setting: 2016 Mississippi Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. Participants: Adults living in Mississippi (n = 4549). Measures: Outcome variable was SSB intake (regular soda, fruit drinks, sweet tea, and sports/energy drinks). Exposure variables were 3 HL questions (find information, understand oral information, and understand written information) and ML usage among adults who eat at fast-food/chain restaurants (user, nonuser, and do not notice ML). Analysis: Multinomial logistic regressions were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for SSB intake ≥1 time/d (reference: 0 times/d) associated with HL and ML. Results: In Mississippi, 46.8% of adults consumed SSB ≥1 time/d, and 26.9% consumed ≥2 times/d. The odds of consuming SSBs ≥1 time/d were higher among adults with lower HL (aOR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.3-2.2) than those with higher HL. Among adults who ate at fast-food/chain restaurants, the odds of consuming SSBs ≥1 time/d were higher among nonusers of ML (aOR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.7-3.1) and adults who did not notice ML (aOR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.3-2.6) than ML users. Conclusion: Adults with lower HL and adults who do not use or notice ML consumed more SSBs in Mississippi. Understanding why lower HL and no ML usage are linked to SSB intake could guide the design of interventions to reduce SSB intake in this population.
The Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia Phenocopy Syndrome: A Review
Authors: Power Clodagh , Lawlor Brian A. 
Published: May 2020

Objectives: The relatively recent identification of a subgroup of patients with apparent behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) that fails to progress with time has led to a reevaluation of our understanding of bvFTD, and a growing body of research that attempts to characterize the mimic or “phenocopy” syndrome. In this article, we review the literature relating to the phenocopy syndrome, focusing in particular on distinguishing characteristics and potential etiologies. Methods: Published articles were identified via a systematic search of PubMed and Embase. Observational and interventional studies, case reports, and case series were sought for inclusion. Results: While bvFTD and the phenocopy syndrome are clinically indistinguishable at initial presentation, the presence or absence of characteristic changes on neuroimaging predicts 2 very different illness trajectories. The etiology for the phenocopy presentation remains uncertain. It is likely that the syndrome represents a heterogenous assortment of clinical frontal syndromes encompassing atypical neurodegenerative, psychiatric, psychological, and as yet unknown neuropsychiatric causes. Conclusions: Although the prognosis of the phenocopy syndrome is generally held to be more favorable than that of bvFTD, patients and families are subject to major disruption in their relationships and social and occupational functioning. Early recognition is crucial to facilitate timely interventions aimed at maintaining relationships, roles, and quality of life of those affected.
Assessing Growth Impact of Public Debt in Sri Lanka
Authors: Mondal Suvra Prokash , Maitra Biswajit 
Published: May 2020

Whether public debt spurs economic growth is an unsettled issue in both theoretical and empirical grounds. The issue has attracted lots of attention to economists and policymakers in recent times. This article addresses the debt–growth issue in the case of a small emerging south Asian country—Sri Lanka. The impact of external, domestic debt, in association with a set of financial variables on income, is assessed for an extended period of 1965–2017, and also for the post-reform period of 1978–2017. The article finds some robust evidence that external debt is not beneficial; rather it depresses income. The impact of domestic debt and foreign aid on income is trivial. On the other hand, gross fixed capital formation and money supply spur income growth, whereas the impact of openness to trade is dismaying, and all these findings are invariant across the extended period and the post-reform periods. The results have policy implications for the long-term sustained economic growth of Sri Lanka. JEL: H63, F35, O40, C22
Rapid access clinics: Improving the efficiency of referral after discharge from the Emergency Department
Authors: Sinha Tanya , Hudson Christopher , Vukasovic Matthew , Coggins Andrew 
Published: May 2020

Background:Rapid access clinics are an increasingly common model of care in tertiary hospitals. Early streaming of suitable patients to appropriate clinic services could reduce Emergency Department overcrowding. This study set out to investigate the current utilisation of rapid access clinic dispositions in a tertiary centre. The findings have led to useful mapping of local services and early nurse led identification of patients suitable for streaming to clinic locations.Methods:A cross‐sectional observational study in a tertiary centre. Complete lists of consecutive discharged Emergency Department patients were generated by a trained data manger. Individual electronic medical records were reviewed for evidence of clinic disposition, patient demographics and compared with concurrent Emergency Department patients who were not referred.Results:1367 patients included from 144 h of consecutive weekday presentations. Referral to clinic locations occurred in 179/1357 (13.2%) with rapid access clinics utilised in 129/179 (70.4%). No difference in median length of stay was observed for patients referred to clinics (3.9 h) versus patients not referred (3.8 h) (p = 0.29).Conclusion:In a tertiary Emergency Department setting, discharged patients were frequently referred to rapid access clinics. Early streaming to suitable outpatient locations may be an additional strategy to consider for mitigating Emergency Department overcrowding.
Thyroid cancer risk factors and Pakistani University students’ awareness towards its preventive practice
Authors: Iqbal Ayesha , Azhar Saira , Ibrahim Nihal A , Kharaba Zelal J , Iqbal Mohammad M , Khan Shujaat A , Arfat Yameen Muhammad , Murtaza Ghulam 
Published: May 2020

Objectives Thyroid Cancer is one of the rarest cancers but its prevalence has been increasing worldwide for the last couple of decades. Methods The data collection tool was designed to assess knowledge, awareness, perception, and attitude towards preventive practices of thyroid cancer in Pakistani university students. The data were collected over a duration of six months and a total number of 3722 students participated. Results The knowledge of risk factors of thyroid cancer was an important parameter of this study. The students who knew all the early signs of thyroid cancer were 28.7%. In this study, the independent variables such as age, gender, demographic location, and financial status were found to be highly significant with knowledge, attitude towards warning signs of cancer, and the perception of students about developing thyroid cancer. Conclusions The participants were found to have poor knowledge about early signs of thyroid cancer. The study participants perception, behavior, and attitude towards preventive practices of thyroid cancer were found inadequate and appropriate measures on a National level should be taken to enhance the knowledge about preventive practices of thyroid cancer. Increasing knowledge and awareness shall help decrease the overall morbidity and mortality linked with thyroid carcinomas and thyroid diseases.
Post-mortem CT vs necropsy in feline medicine
Authors: Ribas Laila M , Massad Mara RR , Pinto Ana CBCF , Heng Hock Gan , Tremori Tália M , Reis Sérvio TJ , Baroni Carina O , Massad Eduardo , Rocha Noeme S 
Published: May 2020

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare post-mortem CT findings with necropsy findings in domestic cats. Methods Post-mortem CT and necropsies were performed in 20 cadavers of domestic cats. The sensitivity, specificity and agreement between the post-mortem CT and necropsy findings were determined. Results There were a total of 315 post-mortem findings; 183 were identified by post-mortem CT and 132 were identified by necropsy. Post-mortem CT demonstrated a higher sensitivity to identify the findings mainly in bones. The higher indices of agreement between post-mortem CT and necropsy were related to abnormalities of pleural space, bones and joints. Conclusions and relevance This study demonstrated that post-mortem CT and necropsy provided different information. Thus, their use in conjunction with each other might improve the understanding of the cause of death and the identification of post-mortem lesions.
Managing Ahmed Glaucoma Valve tube exposure: Surgical technique
Authors: Nardi Marco , Maglionico Maria Novella , Posarelli Chiara , Figus Michele 
Published: May 2020

Purpose: To describe a new surgical technique for managing Ahmed Glaucoma Valve tube exposure. The technique is simple, safe, easy to perform and may be an interesting alternative to conventional covering of the tube. This technique allows unlike the classical ones to act on the cause and not only on the complication of extrusion. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective case series that included four eyes of four patients who presented with an Ahmed Glaucoma Valve tube exposure. Results: Surgery was uneventful in all cases and we did not observe any intraoperative or postoperative complications. After at least 1-year follow-up, no case of tube re-exposure was detected. Conclusions: Many techniques have been proposed in order to cover the extruded tubes, and different materials may be used to reinforce the coverage, but re-exposure of the tube is a possible scenario. Indeed, our technique attempts not only to cover the exposed tube but also to solve the cause of the extrusion.