bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation to determine the interface condition between graphene and aluminum oxide
Authors: Tateno Yasunori , Mitsuhashi Fuminori , Adachi Masahiro , Yonemura Takumi , Saito Yoshihiro , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Nakabayashi Takashi 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The interface condition between the graphene channel and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) gate insulator in a graphene field-effect transistor (FET) has been analyzed. The hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy technique was employed to analyze the interface. In the obtained C1s spectra, a small peak was found at 284.2 eV, which was considered to be derived from a covalent bond between the graphene and Al2O3. In the pulsed S-parameters measurements, it was found that the direction of the Dirac voltage shift matched the polarity of the applied voltage stress. The Dirac voltage shift demonstrated that there were electron traps at the interface, degrading the FET performance such as the cutoff frequency. It was concluded that the unexpected bond at the interface formed electron traps whose energy level located near the conduction band minimum and that the Dirac voltage shifted in accordance with carrier capturing or emitting by the traps.
Pengaruh Potongan Harga dan Bonus Terhadap Pembelian Konsumen Minimarket Indomaret Serbelawan
Authors: Nainggolan Novitasari , Taufik Parinduri  
Published: October 2020

Persaingan bisnis ritel di masa sekarang ini sangatlah ketat. Saat ini sebagian masyarakat indonesia menyukai aktivitas promosi yang memberikan bonus langsung kepada konsumen terlebih aktivitas promosi yang ada di dalam toko. Salah satu keunggulan dalam persaingan ini terutama adalah diskon harga yang dapat menciptakan minat konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh potongan harga dan bonus terhadap pembelian konsumen minimarket Indomaret Serbelawan. Penelitian ini dilakuka pada Minimarket Indomaret di Serbelawan, untuk data primer pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui Kusioner dan dokumentasi. Dan penyebaran kuesioner yang dilakukan kepada 65 konsumen yang berbelanja diminimarket Indomaret Serbelawan. Sedangkan uji validitas, Uji reabilitas, Uji normalitas, Uji Heterokkedastitas, Uji t, Uji Regresi Liniear berganda dan Uji Koefisien Determinasi, penguji menggunakan analisi data SPSS Ver.24. Hasil Analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan Variabel potongan harga (X1) t hitung lebih besar daripada nilai t tabel yaitu 2.286 > 1.997 dengan tingkat signifikan 0.000 < 0.05. Dan variabel bonus (X2) nilai t hitung lebih besar daripada nilai ttabel yaitu 3.275 > 1.997 dengan tingkat signifikan 0.000 < 0.05 . Secara simultan potongan harga dan bonus berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pembelian konsumen. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai F hitung sebesar 38,147 dengan tingkat signifikan sebesar 0,000 < 0,05. Apabila semakin tinggi potongan harga dan bonus yang diberikan kepada calon konsumen, maka semakin tinggi pula calon konsumen memutuskan untuk melakukan pembelian.
Budaya Organisiasi Profesional, Integritas, Kredibel, Kerjasama Tim, Inovatif, Kreatif (PIKKIR) dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kreatifitas Pegawai Pada Kantor Badan POM Kota Tanjung Balai
Authors: Indah Lestari  , Simatupang Pandapotan 
Published: October 2020

Budaya organisasi PIKKIR dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kreativitas Pegawai Pada Kantor Badan POM di Kota Tanjung Balai. bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh budaya organisasi PIKKIR terhadap kreatifitas pegawai di Kantor Badan POM Kota Tanjung Balai. Rumusan penelitian, bagaimana pengaruh budaya organisasi PIKKIR terhadap kreativitas pegawai di Kantor Badan POM di Kota Tanjung Balai”
Hipotesis pada penelitian ini adalah budaya Organisasi PIKKIR berpengaruh nyata terhadap kreativitas pegawai di Kantor Badan POM kota Tanjung Balai. Responden pada penelitian in adalah seluruh populasi yang berjumlah 30 orang, yaitu ASN yang bekerja di Kantor tersebut. Tehnik Analisa data yang digunakan adalah regressi berganda dengan persamaan Y = a + + + + + + , dan dari hasil analisa data diketahui Y= 9,052 + 1.875 + 0,236 + 0,494 + 1,095 + 1,825 + 0,407. Dari uji hipotesis secara parsial bahwa budaya pikkir berpengaruh nyata terhada kreativitas pegawai di Badan POM kota Tanjung Balai, demikian juga secara serempak budaya Pikir berpengaruh nyata terhadap terhadap kreatitifas.Dengan demikian hipotesis diterima
Enhancing In Situ Observation with the SCI Design (Shadowing–Conversations–Interview to the Double) to Capture the Cognitive Underpinnings of Action
Authors: Théron Christelle 
Published: October 2020

In situ observation methods have essentially been mobilized to study actors’ doings, but they have also been mobilized (through studies in the stream of situated action) to study cognition in these same organizational actors. The existing methodological designs have helped to enhance our knowledge of certain cognitive underpinnings, but they carry two limits: (1) they are deployed following a stacking logic, that is, by triangulation, which is more about compensating for the weaknesses of the component methods than uniting their strengths, and which has the pitfall of capturing cognition and action separately; and (2) they cannot capture all the situated and structuring facets of the cognitive underpinnings of action. Here we propose to overcome these barriers with the SCI design: S for shadowing, C for conversions, and I for an interview borrowing on the ‘interview to the double’ technique. This design is built in a synergy-guided effort that hinges on tightly meshing these three techniques together at fieldwork deployment. This articulation makes it possible to capture action and cognition together and to surface both the situated and structuring facets of cognition underpinning action. The SCI design is easy enough to deploy in fieldwork across a whole range of research settings.
Observing to Coproduce a Collective Narrative: Emplotment of Multiple Parallel Stories
Authors: Arnoud Justine , Peton Hélène 
Published: October 2020

Observation captures complex organizational phenomena in situ. The literature on this method explains the possible data collection methods but says less about the use and organization of the data collected. As a result, the question of the meaning of observation data remains open. This article explores that question with the focus on a specific form of observation, dynamic observation, which can grasp indeterminate situations whose meaning is elusive for both practitioners and the researcher. Drawing on the work of Ricœur, we propose a conceptual tool kit founded on mimesis. We show that organizing observation data into a plot and narrative, through an inquiry conducted by researchers and practitioners together, can shed light both on the observation data and the situation observed. We embody our method by applying this tool kit to a dynamic observation conducted in a high-risk industry. We discuss the methodological issues of this co-construction of shared meaning and its role in restoring centrality to observation in the management sciences, and resituating the situations and the actors as core concerns.
Mapping the Galactic Disk with the LAMOST and Gaia Red Clump Sample. V. On the Origin of the “Young” [α/Fe]-enhanced Stars
Authors: Sun W.-X. , Huang Y. , Wang H.-F. , Wang C. , Zhang M. , Li X.-Y. , Chen B.-Q. , Zhang H.-W. , Wei D.-D. , Jiang D.-K. , Liu X.-W. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Using a sample of nearly 140,000 primary red-clump stars selected from the LAMOST and Gaia surveys, we have identified a large sample of “young” [α/Fe]-enhanced stars with stellar ages younger than 6.0 Gyr and [α/Fe] ratios greater than 0.15 dex. The stellar ages and [α/Fe] ratios are measured from LAMOST spectra, using a machine-learning method trained with common stars in the LAMOST–APOGEE fields (for [α/Fe]) and in the LAMOST–Kepler fields (for stellar age). The existence of these “young” [α/Fe]-enhanced stars is not expected from the classical Galactic chemical evolution models. To explore their possible origins, we have analyzed the spatial distribution, and the chemical and kinematic properties of those stars and compared the results with those of the chemically thin and thick disk populations. We find that those “young” [α/Fe]-enhanced stars have distributions in number density, metallicity, [C/N] abundance ratio, velocity dispersion, and orbital eccentricity that are essentially the same as those of the chemically thick disk population. Our results clearly show those so-called “young” [α/Fe]-enhanced stars are not really young but genuinely old. Although other alternative explanations can not be fully ruled out, our results suggest that the most possible origin of these old stars is the result of stellar mergers or mass transfer.
Testing a Data-driven Active Region Evolution Model with Boundary Data at Different Heights from a Solar Magnetic Flux Emergence Simulation
Authors: Jiang Chaowei , Toriumi Shin 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
A data-driven active region evolution (DARE) model has been developed to study the complex structures and dynamics of solar coronal magnetic fields. The model is configured with a typical coronal environment of tenuous gas governed by strong magnetic field, and thus its lower boundary is set at the base of the corona, but driven by magnetic fields observed in the photosphere. A previous assessment of the model using data from a flux emergence simulation (FES) showed that the DARE failed to reproduce the coronal magnetic field in the FES, which is attributed to the fact that the photospheric data in the FES has a very strong Lorentz force and therefore spurious flows are generated in the DARE model. Here we further test the DARE by using three sets of data from the FES sliced at incremental heights, which correspond to the photosphere, the chromosphere, and the base of the corona. It is found that the key difference in the three sets of data is the extent of the Lorentz force, which makes the data-driven model perform very differently. At the two higher levels above the photosphere, the Lorentz force decreases substantially, and the DARE model attains results in much better agreement with the FES, confirming that the Lorentz force in the boundary data is a key issue affecting the results of the DARE model. However, unlike the FES data, the photospheric field from SDO/HMI observations has recently been found to be very close to force-free. Therefore, we suggest that it is still reasonable to use the photospheric magnetic field as an approximation of the field at the coronal base to drive the DARE model.
MAGICal GRB 190114C: Implications of Cutoff in the Spectrum at sub-GeV Energies
Authors: Chand Vikas , Pal Partha Sarathi , Banerjee Ankush , Sharma Vidushi , Tam P. H. T. , He Xinbo 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
GRB 190114C is an unusual gamma-ray burst (GRB) due to its detection at sub-TeV energies by MAGIC, seen at redshift z = 0.42. This burst is one of the brightest GRB detected by Fermi. A joint GBM-LAT analysis of the prompt emission reveals the presence of sub-GeV spectral cutoff when the LAT low-energy event (LLE) data is also examined. A similar high-energy cutoff was likewise reported in GRB 160509A and GRB 100724B earlier, as well as a handful of other sources. The cutoff can be explained by the intrinsic opacity due to pair production within the emitting region. GRB 190114C shows a transition from nonthermal to a quasi-thermal-like spectrum and a radiation component that can be attributed to afterglow. Based on spectral analysis, we constrain the site of the prompt emission and Lorentz factor. Knowing that sub-TeV photons are detected in MAGIC, we perceive that the observed spectrum is indeed an overlap from two emission sites, where the emission observed in Fermi is more consistent with prompt emission produced via photospheric dissipation along with a concurrent component from the external shock.
Dynamics of Colombo’s Top: Generating Exoplanet Obliquities from Planet–Disk Interactions
Authors: Su Yubo , Lai Dong 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Large planetary spin–orbit misalignments (obliquities) may strongly influence atmospheric circulation and tidal heating in a planet. A promising avenue to generate obliquities is via spin–orbit resonances, where the spin and orbital precession frequencies of a planet cross each other as the system evolves in time. One such mechanism involves a dissipating (mass-losing) protoplanetary disk that drives orbital precession of an interior planet. We study this scenario analytically in this paper, and obtain the mapping between the general initial spin orientation and the final obliquity. We show that (i) under adiabatic evolution (i.e., the disk dissipates at a sufficiently slow rate), the final planetary obliquity as a function of the initial spin orientation bifurcates into distinct tracks governed by interactions with the resonance; and (ii) under nonadiabatic evolution, a broad range of obliquities can be excited. We obtain analytical expressions for the final obliquities for various regimes of parameter space. The dynamical system studied in this paper is an example of “Colombo’s top,” and our analysis and results can be adapted to other applications.
Probing the Physics of Mechanical AGN Feedback with Radial Elongations of X-Ray Cavities
Authors: Guo Fulai 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Mechanical active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback plays a key role in massive galaxies, galaxy groups, and clusters. However, the energy content of AGN jets that mediate this feedback process is still far from clear. Here we present a preliminary study of radial elongations τ of a large sample of X-ray cavities, which are apparently produced by mechanical AGN feedback. All of the cavities in our sample are elongated along the angular (type I) or jet directions (type II), or nearly circular (type III). The observed value of τ roughly decreases as the cavities rise buoyantly, confirming the same trend found in hydrodynamic simulations. For young cavities, both type-I and type-II cavities exist, and the latter dominates. Assuming a spheroidal cavity shape, we derive an analytical relation between the intrinsic radial elongation

and the inclination-angle-dependent value of τ, showing that projection effect makes cavities appear more circular, but does not change type-I cavities into type-II ones, or vice versa. We summarize radial elongations of young cavities in simulations, finding that

increases with the kinetic fraction of AGN jets. While mild jets always produce type-II cavities, thermal-energy-dominated strong jets produce type-I cavities, and kinetic-energy-dominated strong jets produce type-II cavities. Our results suggest that some AGN jets are strong and dominated by thermal energy (or cosmic rays). However, these jets do not dominate in AGN feedback. If most jets are dominated by nonkinetic energies, they should be mainly mild jets. If most jets are strong, they must be mainly dominated by the kinetic energy.
The Origin of Switchbacks in the Solar Corona: Linear Theory
Authors: Zank G. P. , Nakanotani M. , Zhao L.-L. , Adhikari L. , Kasper J. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The origin, structure, and propagation characteristics of a switchback are compelling questions posed by Parker Solar Probe (PSP) observations of velocity spikes and magnetic field reversals. By assuming interchange reconnection between coronal loop and open magnetic field, we show that this results in the generation of upward (into the heliosphere) and downward complex structures propagating at the fast magnetosonic speed (i.e., the Alfvén speed in the low plasma beta corona) that can have an arbitrary radial magnetic field deflection, including “S-shaped.” We derive the evolution equation for the switchback radial magnetic field as it propagates through the inhomogeneous supersonic solar corona. An analytic solution for arbitrary initial conditions is used to investigate the properties of a switchback propagating from launch ∼6 to ∼35 R
⊙ where PSP observed switchbacks during its first encounter. We provide a detailed comparison to an example event, showing that the magnetic field and plasma solutions are in accord with PSP observations. For a simple single switchback, the model predicts either a single or a double-humped structure; the former corresponding to PSP observing either the main body or the flanks of the switchback. The clustering of switchbacks and their sometimes complicated structure may be due to the formation of multiple closely spaced switchbacks created by interchange reconnection with numerous open and loop magnetic field lines over a short period. We show that their evolution yields a complex, aggregated group of switchbacks that includes “sheaths” with large-amplitude radial magnetic field and velocity fluctuations.
Spitzer Reveals Evidence of Molecular Absorption in the Atmosphere of the Hot Neptune LTT 9779b
Authors: Dragomir Diana , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Benneke Björn , Wong Ian , Daylan Tansu , Diaz Matias , Deming Drake , Molliere Paul , Kreidberg Laura , Jenkins James S. , Berardo David , Christiansen Jessie L. , Dressing Courtney D. , Gorjian Varoujan , Kane Stephen R. , Mikal-Evans Thomas , Morales Farisa Y. , Werner Michael , Ricker George R. , Vanderspek Roland , Seager S. , Winn Joshua N. , Jenkins Jon M. , Colón Knicole D. , Fong Willie , Guerrero Natalia , Hesse Katharine , Osborn Hugh P. , E. Rose Mark , Smith Jeffrey C. , Ting Eric B. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Non-rocky sub-Jovian exoplanets in high-irradiation environments are rare. LTT 9779b, also known as Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) object of interest (TOI) 193.01, is one of the few such planets discovered to date, and the first example of an ultrahot Neptune. The planet’s bulk density indicates that it has a substantial atmosphere, so to investigate its atmospheric composition and shed further light on its origin, we obtained Spitzer InfraRed Array Camera secondary eclipse observations of LTT 9779b at 3.6 and 4.5 μm. We combined the Spitzer observations with a measurement of the secondary eclipse in the TESS bandpass. The resulting secondary eclipse spectrum strongly prefers a model that includes CO absorption over a blackbody spectrum, incidentally making LTT 9779b the first TESS exoplanet (and the first ultrahot Neptune) with evidence of a spectral feature in its atmosphere. We did not find evidence of a thermal inversion, at odds with expectations based on the atmospheres of similarly irradiated hot Jupiters. We also report a nominal dayside brightness temperature of 2305 ± 141 K (based on the 3.6 μm secondary eclipse measurement), and we constrained the planet’s orbital eccentricity to e < 0.01 at the 99.7% confidence level. Together with our analysis of LTT 9779b’s thermal phase curves reported in a companion paper, our results set the stage for similar investigations of a larger sample of exoplanets discovered in the hot-Neptune desert, investigations that are key to uncovering the origin of this population.
Phase Curves of Hot Neptune LTT 9779b Suggest a High-metallicity Atmosphere
Authors: Crossfield Ian J. M. , Dragomir Diana , Cowan Nicolas B. , Daylan Tansu , Wong Ian , Kataria Tiffany , Deming Drake , Kreidberg Laura , Mikal-Evans Thomas , Gorjian Varoujan , Jenkins James S. , Benneke Björn , Collins Karen A. , Burke Christopher J. , Henze Christopher E. , McDermott Scott , Mireles Ismael , Watanabe David , Wohler Bill , Ricker George , Vanderspek Roland , Seager Sara , Jenkins Jon M. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Phase-curve measurements provide a global view of the composition, thermal structure, and dynamics of exoplanet atmospheres. Although most of the dozens of phase-curve measurements made to date are of large, massive hot Jupiters, there is considerable interest in probing the atmospheres of the smaller planets that are the more typical endproduct of the planet formation process. One such planet that is favorable for these studies is the ultrahot Neptune LTT 9779b, a rare denizen of the Neptune desert. A companion paper presents the planet’s secondary eclipses and dayside thermal emission spectrum; in this work we describe the planet’s optical and infrared phase curves, characterized using a combination of Spitzer and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry. We detect LTT 9779b’s thermal phase variations at 4.5 μm, finding a phase amplitude of 358 ± 106 ppm and no significant phase offset, with a longitude of peak emission occurring −10° ± 21° east of the substellar point. Combined with our secondary eclipse observations, these phase-curve measurements imply a 4.5 μm dayside brightness temperature of 1800 ± 120 K, a nightside brightness temperature of 700 ± 430 K (<1350 K at 2σ confidence), and a day–night brightness temperature contrast of 1110 ± 460 K. We compare our data to the predictions of 3D general circulation models calculated at multiple metallicity levels and to similar observations of hot Jupiters experiencing similar levels of stellar irradiation. Though not conclusive, our measurement of its small 4.5 μm phase offset, the relatively large amplitude of the phase variation, and the qualitative differences between our target’s dayside emission spectrum and those of hot Jupiters of similar temperatures all suggest a supersolar atmospheric metallicity for LTT 9779b, as might be expected given its size and mass. Finally, we measure the planet’s transits at both 3.6 μm and 4.5 μm, providing a refined ephemeris (P = 0.79207022 ± 0.00000069 days, T
0 = 2458783.51636 ± 0.00027, BJDTDB) that will enable efficient scheduling of future observations to further characterize the atmosphere of this intriguing planet.
Gryon ancinla Kozlov &amp; Lê (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae): host association, expanded distribution, redescription and a new synonymy
Authors: Chen Huayan , Talamas Elijah , Bon Marie-Claude , Moore Matthew 
Published: October 2020

Gryon Haliday (Platygastroidea: Scelionidae) is a cosmopolitan genus of egg-parasitoid wasps primarily associated with Heteroptera.
Gryon ancinla Kozlov &amp; Lê is reported for the first time outside of Vietnam, in China and Cambodia, and as an egg parasitoid of the pestiferous leaf-footed bug, Acanthocoris scaber (L.). Gryon ancinla is redescribed based on recently collected specimens and compared to closely related species of Gryon in the region. Gryon clavaerus Kozlov &amp; Lê is treated as a junior synonym and some characters found in the charon species group are discussed.
A database of weed plants in the European part of Russia
Authors: Tretyakova Alyona , Grudanov Nickolay , Kondratkov Pavel , Baranova Olga , Luneva Natalya , Mysnik Yevgenia , Khasanova Gulnaz , Yamalov Sergey , Lebedeva Maria 
Published: October 2020

Weeds are plants that, although not specially cultivated, grow and often adapt to growing in arable lands. They form an ecological variant of flora, as a historically-formed set of species growing on cultivated soils. For the rational use of the chemical and biological crop protection products and to produce safe and high-quality food, up-to-date data on the floristic diversity of weeds and the patterns of its geographical change are required. The need for a weeds' database arises that allows many specialists to work together independently. However, the great value of any database lies not in its existence, but in the accumulation of data that can be used to analyse the factors affecting the species diversity of weeds.
A dataset of weed species diversity and their distribution in the European part of Russia, based on the results of the authors' own research from 1999 to 2019, has been created.
The dataset includes 24,284 observations of occurrences of weed plants, which were obtained on the basis of 2,049 relevés of segetal plant communities in seven regions of the European part of Russia. In total, the dataset includes information about 329 species of vascular plants growing in 65 farmlands: cereals, spring and winter crops, industrial crops, row crops and perennial grasses (Tretyakova et al. 2020).