bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncovering the cellular capacity for intensive and specific feedback self-control of the argonautes and MicroRNA targeting activity
Authors: Wang Degeng , Wang Tingzeng , Gill Audrey , Hilliard Terrell , Chen Fengqian , Karamyshev Andrey L , Zhang Fangyuan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The miRNA pathway has three segments—biogenesis, targeting and downstream regulatory effectors. We aimed to better understand their cellular control by exploring the miRNA-mRNA-targeting relationships. We first used human evolutionarily conserved sites. Strikingly, AGOs 1–3 are all among the top 14 mRNAs with the highest miRNA site counts, along with ANKRD52, the phosphatase regulatory subunit of the recently identified AGO phosphorylation cycle; and the AGO phosphorylation cycle mRNAs share much more than expected miRNA sites. The mRNAs for TNRC6, which acts with AGOs to channel miRNA-mediated regulatory actions onto specific mRNAs, are also heavily miRNA-targeted. In contrast, upstream miRNA biogenesis mRNAs are not, and neither are downstream regulatory effectors. In short, binding site enrichment in miRNA targeting machinery mRNAs, but neither upstream biogenesis nor downstream effector mRNAs, was observed, endowing a cellular capacity for intensive and specific feedback control of the targeting activity. The pattern was confirmed with experimentally determined miRNA-mRNA target relationships. Moreover, genetic experiments demonstrated cellular utilization of this capacity. Thus, we uncovered a capacity for intensive, and specific, feedback-regulation of miRNA targeting activity directly by miRNAs themselves, i.e. segment-specific feedback auto-regulation of miRNA pathway, complementing miRNAs pairing with transcription factors to form hybrid feedback-loop.
Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention Program as an Adjunct to the Standard Treatment for Smoking: A Pragmatic Design Pilot Study
Authors: Weiss de Souza Isabel Cristina , Kozasa Elisa Harumi , Bowen Sarah , Richter Kimber P , Sartes Laisa Marcorela Andreoli , Colugnati Fernando Antônio Basile , Noto Ana Regina 
Published: March 2020

Abstract

Introduction
Posttreatment relapse is a major roadblock to stemming the global epidemic of tobacco-related illness. This article presents results from a pilot trial evaluating the feasibility and initial efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) as an adjunct to standard relapse prevention treatment (ST) for smoking cessation.

Aims and Methods
Smokers (n = 86) in the maintenance phase of treatment were randomized to receive either ST plus MBRP (MBRP) (n = 44) or ST alone (ST) (n = 42). Data were collected at baseline and at 4-, 12-, and 24-week follow-up points. We evaluated the feasibility of the protocol with frequency analysis, and the efficacy with both intention to treat and complete case analyses of the effects of MBRP on abstinence. Secondary outcomes included mindfulness, craving, depression, anxiety, and positive/negative affect.

Results
High adherence suggested MBRP is acceptable and feasible. Participants in the MBRP group reported increases in mindfulness (M = −7.833, p = .016), and reductions in craving (M = 17.583, p = .01) compared with the ST group. Intention to treat analysis found that, compared with MBRP (36.4%), ST (57.1%) showed trend-level superiority in abstinence at Week 4 (Prevalence Ratio = 0.63, p = .06); however at Week 24, the ST group (14.3%) demonstrated a twofold greater decrease in abstinence, compared with the MBRP group (20.1%) (Prevalence Ratio = 2.25, p = .08). Therefore, the MBRP group maintained a higher abstinence rate for longer. Reported effects were greater in the complete case analysis.

Conclusions
MBRP holds promise for preventing relapse after aided tobacco quit attempts.

Implications
Findings suggest that MBRP is acceptable, feasible, and valued by participants. At 24-week follow-up, there was a large effect size and a statistical trend toward fewer MBRP patients relapsing compared with ST patients. MBRP conferred ancillary benefits including reductions in craving and increases in levels of mindfulness. MBRP for tobacco cessation is highly promising and merits further research.

Trial Registration
clinicaltrials.gov.

Identifier
NCT02327104.
Variations of the physical parameters of the blazar Mrk 421 based on analysis of the spectral energy distributions
Authors: Yamada Yurika , Uemura Makoto , Itoh Ryosuke , Fukazawa Yasushi , Ohno Masanori , Imazato Fumiya 
Published: March 2020

AbstractWe report on the variations of the physical parameters of the jet observed in the blazar Mrk 421, and discuss the origin of X-ray flares in the jet, based on analysis of several spectral energy distributions (SEDs). The SEDs are modeled using the one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model, its parameters determined using a Markov chain Monte Carlo method. The lack of data at TeV energies means many of the parameters cannot be uniquely determined and are correlated. These are studied in detail. We find that the optimal solution can be uniquely determined only when we apply a constraint to one of four parameters: the magnetic field (B), the Doppler factor, the size of the emitting region, and the normalization factor of the electron energy distribution. We used 31 sets of SEDs from 2009 to 2014 with optical–UV data observed with UVOT/Swift and the Kanata telescope, X-ray data with XRT/Swift, and γ-ray data with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. The result of our SED analysis suggests that, in the X-ray faint state, the emission occurs in a relatively small area (∼1016 cm) with a relatively strong magnetic field (B ∼ 10−1 G). The X-ray bright state shows a tendency opposite to that of the faint state, that is, a large emitting area (∼1018 cm), probably downstream of the jet, and a weak magnetic field (B ∼ 10−3 G). The high X-ray flux was due to an increase in the maximum energy of electrons. On the other hand, the presence of two kinds of emitting areas implies that the one-zone model is unsuitable for reproducing at least part of the observed SEDs.
Rethinking the Order of the Learning Process: A New and Sustainable Path Designed for an RN-to-BSN Education Program
Authors: Jean-Baptiste Anne Marie , Asongwed Elmira 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The unpredictable and volatile economic context, ever-changing demography, explosion of technology, and rapid disruptive health delivery models are only a few of the factors characterizing the constant flux permeating the health care system. Current educational initiatives are corrective and reactive rather than reflective and proactive. Some renowned nurse educators and educational leaders pioneered the departure from a learning emphasis on what nurses do to what nurses become. To foster students’ creative initiatives, faculty of an RN-to-BSN three-semester program thread five stages of a creativity process of exposure, inquiry, discovery, reflection, and evaluation into three interrelated courses in the program of study.
Toward a Better Understanding of Electrocochleography: Analysis of Real-Time Recordings
Authors: Weder Stefan , Bester Christofer , Collins Aaron , Shaul Chanan , Briggs Robert J. , O’Leary Stephen 
Published: March 2020

Objectives:
Real-time electrocochleography (ECochG) has been used as a monitoring tool during cochlear implantation (CI), whereby, amplitude drops have been correlated with postoperative acoustic hearing results. However, no consensus has been reached as to how a single event of an amplitude drop should be characterized. The aim of this study was to identify ECochG events that predict loss of hearing 1 month after surgery.

Design:
Fifty-five patients were included in this prospective cohort study. Real-time ECochG measurements were performed during CI electrode insertion. Single ECochG events were characterized according to their amplitude loss and slope steepness.

Results:
Using receiver operating characteristic analyses, the most efficient cut-off criterion for a relative hearing loss of 25% was an amplitude loss of 61% at a fixed slope steepness of 0.2 µV/sec. Three-quarters of our population had at least one such event during implantation. Most events occurred shortly before full insertion. With increasing number of events, median residual hearing thresholds deteriorated for all frequencies. Larger amplitude drops trended toward worse hearing preservation. Signal recovery after an ECochG event could not be correlated to acoustic hearing outcomes.

Conclusions:
Our data suggest that amplitude drops exceeding 61% of the ongoing signal at a slope steepness of 0.2 µV/sec are correlated with worse acoustic hearing preservation. Clearly defined ECochG events have the potential to guide surgeons during CI in the future. This is essential if a fully automated data analysis is to be employed or benchmarking undertaken.
Antirheumatic medications in pregnancy and breastfeeding
Authors: Birru Talabi Mehret , Clowse Megan E.B. 
Published: March 2020

Purpose of reviewAs active rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease during pregnancy increases the risk for pregnancy loss, preterm birth, and maternal illness, ongoing management with pregnancy-compatible medications can improve these outcomes. Selecting and taking these medications can be challenging for rheumatologists and patients due to limited knowledge about potential risks and benefits.Recent findingsFortunately, the American College of Rheumatology, American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, British Rheumatology Society, and the European League Against Rheumatism have each published recommendations to guide the use of antirheumatic medications in pregnancy and lactation. Each of these groups endorsed the use of hydroxychloroquine, azathioprine, sulfasalazine, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in pregnancy. They also agreed that methotrexate, mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide, and leflunomide should be avoided in pregnancy. New medications, including small-molecules and biologics, have limited data to support safety in pregnancy and are not currently recommended during this period. Most antirheumatic medications are compatible with lactation.SummaryBecause many patients are hesitant to use antirheumatic medications during pregnancy, honest and accurate discussions about pregnancy planning and management are important to help women make decisions that are in their and their offspring's best interest.
Normalization of Forefoot Supination After Tibialis Anterior Tendon Transfer for Dynamic Clubfoot Recurrence
Authors: Mindler Gabriel T. , Kranzl Andreas , Radler Christof 
Published: March 2020

Background:
We aimed to evaluate the effect of tibialis anterior tendon transfer (TATT) on foot motion in children with clubfoot recurrence after initial Ponseti treatment.

Methods:
Children with dynamic clubfoot recurrence after initial Ponseti treatment who underwent TATT between 2014 and 2017 were considered for inclusion. Exclusion criteria were neurological disease, split transfer of the tendon, additional bone or joint invasive surgery, and initial treatment abroad. Of 94 children (143 TATT), 36 met the inclusion criteria. Seventeen (47%) of the 36 children with 25 clubfeet and a mean age at the time of surgery of 6.8 years participated in the study. Gait analysis, including the Oxford foot model, was conducted preoperatively and postoperatively. Furthermore, kinematic and kinetic data were compared with those of age-matched healthy children (n=18).

Results:
Forefoot supination in relation to the hindfoot and tibia was reduced during swing and at initial contact after TATT compared with preoperative values. Forefoot supination in relation to the tibia at initial contact decreased from 12.4 to 5.2 degrees after TATT (control group, 6.0 degrees). The heel showed less dynamic varus and adduction movement after TATT compared with preoperatively. Maximum ankle power was reduced preoperatively and postoperatively compared with controls. Maximum ankle dorsiflexion slightly increased after TATT.

Conclusions:
Gait analysis showed normalization of the main components of dynamic clubfoot recurrence after TATT. This joint-sparing surgery efficiently corrects recurrent dynamic deformity.

Level of Evidence:
Level II—therapeutic.
Prophylactic Decompression for Cervical Stenosis in Jeune Syndrome
Authors: Flanders Tracy M. , Franco Alier J. , Lott Carina , Anari Jason B. , Cahill Patrick J. , Storm Phillip B. , Heuer Gregory G. 
Published: March 2020

Study Design.
This is a level IV retrospective descriptive study at a single institution.

Objective.
The objective of the study was to determine the preoperative signs or symptoms prompting cervicomedullary imaging in Jeune syndrome.

Summary of Background Data.
Jeune syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that results in pulmonary compromise from abnormal development of the thorax. Multiple medical comorbidities complicate timely diagnosis of cervicomedullary stenosis, which neurologically jeopardizes this patient population with regards to improper cervical manipulation. Currently, explicit screening of the cervicomedullary junction is not advocated in national guidelines.

Methods.
The User Reporting Workbench and Center for Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome (CTIS) Safety Registry was queried for patients with Jeune syndrome under the age of 18 with cervicomedullary stenosis with or without suboccipital craniectomy/craniotomy evaluated at the authors’ institution from January 1, 2007 to August 21, 2018. The primary outcome was the clinical reason for cervicomedullary screening. Secondary outcomes were: age at time of surgery, preoperative myelopathy (spasticity, urinary retention), hydrocephalus, postoperative deficits (respiratory, motor, swallowing difficulty), and need for cervical fusion.

Results.
Of 32 patients with Jeune syndrome, four (12.5%) had cervicomedullary stenosis requiring decompression. The average age at surgery was 5.25 months (2–9 mo). Two patients underwent imaging due to desaturation events while the other two patients were diagnosed with cervical stenosis as an incidental finding. No patients exhibited clinical myelopathy. Two patients had baseline preoperative swallowing difficulties. None of the patients postoperatively required cervical fusions, nor did they exhibit respiratory deficits, motor deficits, or worsening swallowing difficulties.

Conclusion.
Jeune patients should be routinely screened for cervicomedullary stenosis and undergo subsequent prophylactic decompression to minimize or eliminate the development of irreversible neurologic compromise.

Level of Evidence: 4
The Relationship Between 3-dimensional Spinal Alignment, Thoracic Volume, and Pulmonary Function in Surgical Correction of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Buckland Aaron J. , Woo Dainn , Vasquez-Montes Dennis , Marks Michelle , Jain Amit , Samdani Amer , Betz Randal R. , Errico Thomas J. , Lonner Baron , Newton Peter O. 
Published: March 2020

Study Design.
Retrospective review of a prospective multicenter database.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to study the effects of thoracic kyphosis (TK) restoration in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) Type 1 and 2 curves on postoperative thoracic volume (TV) and pulmonary function.

Summary of Background Data.
Surgical correction of AIS is advocated to preserve or improve pulmonary function, prevent progressive deformity and pain, and improve self-appearance. Restoration of sagittal and 3D alignment, particularly TK, has become increasingly emphasized in efforts to improve pulmonary function, TVs, sagittal balance, and prevent adjacent-segment degeneration and deformity.

Methods.
AIS patients 10 to 21years undergoing surgical correction of Lenke Type 1 and 2 curves with baseline, 1st-erect-postoperative, and 5-year (5Y) postoperative visits including stereoradiographic assessment and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were included. 3D-radiographic analysis was performed to assess spinal-alignment, chest-wall, and rib-cage dimensions at each time point. Outcome variables were analyzed between time points with one-way analysis of variance and between variables with linear regression analysis.

Results.
Thirty-nine patients (37 females, 14.4 ± 2.2 years) were included. 3D-spinal-alignment analyses demonstrated significant reduction in preoperative to first-erect thoracic and lumbar Cobb-angles, an increase in TK:T2–12 (19.67°–39.69°) and TK:T5–12 (9.47°–28.05°), and reduction in apical vertebral rotation (AVR) (P < 0.001 for all). Spinal-alignment remained stable from 1st-erect to 5Y. 3D rib-cage analysis demonstrated small reductions in baseline to first-erect depth (145–139 mm), width (235–232 mm), and increase in height (219–230 mm, P < 0.01), but no significant change in volume (5161–5222 cm,
3

P = 0.184). From 1st-erect to 5Y, significant increases in depth, width, height, and volume (all P < 0.001) occurred. PFTs showed preoperative to 5Y improvement in first second of Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) (2.74–2.98 L, P = 0.005) and forced vital capacity (FVC) (3.23–3.47 L, P = 0.008); however, total lung capacity (TLC) did not change (P = 0.517). Percent-predicted TLC decreased (Pre: 101.3% to 5Y: 89.3%, P < 0.001); however, percent-predicted forced expiratory volume and FVC did not (P = 0.112 and P = 0.068).

Conclusion.
Although TK increases, coronal-Cobb and AVR decrease postoperatively; these do not directly influence TV, which increases from 1st-erect to 5Y due to growth, corresponding with increases in FEV1 and FVC at 5Y; however, surgical restoration of kyphosis does not directly improve pulmonary function.

Level of Evidence: 3
Cervical Spine Balance of Multilevel Total Disc Replacement, Hybrid Surgery, and Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion With A Long-term Follow-up
Authors: Xu Shuai , Liang Yan , Wang Jinyu , Yu Guanjie , Zhu Zhenqi , Liu Haiying 
Published: March 2020

Study Design.
Comparative study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to compare cervical alignment among three-level total disc replacement (TDR), two prosthesis with one cage (2D1C), one prosthesis with two cages (1D2C), and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), then identify the importance of cervical balance of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).

Summary of Background Data.
There were few long-term comparisons on cervical alignment and cervical balance among three-level TDR, 2D1C, 1D2C, and ACDF for CSM.

Methods.
Twenty-eight patients with TDR, 15 with 2D1C, 36 with 1D2C, and 32 cases with ACDF were included with a mean follow-up of 90.9 ± 8.9 months. C2-C7 cervical lordosis (CL), C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), T1 slope (T1S) were measured on x-ray at preoperation, immediate postoperation, and final follow-up, as well as range of motion (ROM), upper/lower adjacent ROM (UROM/LROM), and adjacent segment degeneration (ASD); cervical balance was assessed by T1S minus CL (T1SCL; 20°). Clinical outcomes included neck disability index (NDI) and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score.

Results.
NDI and JOA improved (P < 0.01)at postoperation and final-visit with no difference among four groups. ROM decreased mostly in ACDF group, although with a comparable inter-group UROM/LROM and ASD. All groups gained equal CL-improvement at final-visit. SVA and T1S together with their change were of no differences among groups (P > 0.05). There was a correlation among alignment parameters and between CL and ROM. The inter-group capacity of balance maintaining and imbalance correction was comparable (P > 0.05). The change of T1SCL was not correlated to NDI and JOA (P > 0.05).

Conclusion.
Adjacent segments were seldom affected. Cervical alignment was equivalently rebuilt among TDR, 2D1C, 1D2C, and ACDF. It was not essential to pay excessive attention to balance.

Level of Evidence: 3
Microstructural Changes in Compressed Cervical Spinal Cord Are Consistent With Clinical Symptoms and Symptom Duration
Authors: Wu Weifei , Yang Zong , Zhang Tingting , Ru Neng , Zhang Fan , Wu Bin , Liang Jie 
Published: March 2020

Study Design.
A prospective study.

Objective.
To investigate the association between microstructural changes measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and clinical symptoms and their duration in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) affected by single level.

Summary of Background Data.
No report was reported regarding the association between the microstructural changes and the symptoms and their duration at single-level spinal cord compression.

Methods.
Twenty-nine consecutive patients with CSM and 29 normal subjects were enrolled in this study. DTI with tractography was performed on the cervical spinal cord. Clinical symptoms were evaluated using modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scores for each patient, and the duration of clinical symptoms was noted based on the earliest instance of limb pain or numbness or weakness or bladder dysfunction. Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated from tractography images.

Results.
The mean FA value of the cervical compressed spinal cord was significantly lower than the FA of the normal population (P < 0.001). The mean ADC value in the cervical compressed spinal cord was obviously higher than those of normal cervical spinal cord (P < 0.001). In the CSM patients, a significant positive association was observed between FA values and mJOA scores (P < 0.001). However, there were a notable negative association between mJOA scores and ADC values (P < 0.001), and between mJOA scores and symptom duration (P < 0.001).

Conclusion.
These results illustrate DTI can measure the micostructural changes of cervical spinal cord and DTI parameters are potential biomarkers for spinal cord dysfunction in patients with CSM.

Level of Evidence: 3