bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socialist Republicanism
Authors: Muldoon James 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter reconstructs a theory of socialist republicanism from the writings of Karl Kautsky. Comparing it with the theories of the Revolutionary Shop Stewards and the SPD leadership, I argue that during the revolution Kautsky proposed an innovative socialist programme that called for the radical transformation of the state and society. The dominance of the ‘National Assembly versus Council Republic’ ideological framework of the revolution has obscured Kautsky’s ‘centrist’ third option. Kautsky argued for the presence of workers’ councils alongside a parliamentary system and understood democracy and socialism as the twin goals of a socialist revolution. He sought to combine the benefits of political democracy and civil rights for minorities with the gradual socialization of the economy. Drawing from overlooked and untranslated (or newly translated) texts written during the early days of the German Revolution, this interpretation challenges the dominant view of Kautsky as a bourgeois reformist who advocated political quietism during the revolution. It theorizes an important socialist action programme that has been neglected within the scholarly literature.
Into the Archipelago
Authors: Allen Nicholas 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter reads the twelve issues of the journal Archipelago, which was first published in 2007. Launched from the unlikely port of the Bodleian Library, it carried a complement of writers and artists whose coastal work was not thought previously to be part of a collective enterprise. Under Andrew McNeillie, the writer, editor, and provocateur, the twelve issues of Archipelago created a tilted framework through which to interpret the cultural history of the formerly, and temporarily, British Isles. This much is evident from the journal’s cover, which features an illustration of Ireland, Scotland, England, Wales, and the very tip of France from the far north-west perspective of a gannet’s plunge. This is a composite vision, geographic, ecological, and prophetic, a manifesto sketched in the unfamiliar outlines of an archipelago whose borders the journal navigates in a journey that proceeds in sequences of association.
Conclusion
Authors: Ghosh William 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Starting from a reading of his late travel book A Turn in the South, this chapter describes how, late in life, Naipaul came to understand his own specific historical vantage point, as a writer with a colonial upbringing, who had lived to see independence. Meditating on the legacy of Booker T. Washington, Naipaul reflects on ‘the prisons of the spirit men create for themselves and for others – so overpowering, so much part of the way things appear to have to be, and then, abruptly, with a little shift, so insubstantial’. My reading of A Turn in the South leads to a discussion of Naipaul’s position within Caribbean history, and literary history. I outline the ways in which Naipaul’s work, on the one hand, now seems outdated, and how, on the other hand and in other ways, his work may still be important today.
Architecture Under Nationalism
Authors: Walker Nathaniel Robert 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The international smash Looking Backward 2000–1887, by Edward Bellamy, represents the peak of nineteenth-century utopian literature. As the troubles of American industrial cities reached a boiling point, this novel offered a seductive vision of universal prosperity under industrial socialism. Its urban design content was somewhat vague, but Bellamy quickly published an essay clarifying his commitment to the principles of urban decentralization, and a number of his fans wrote sequels driving this point home. As a major political movement called “Nationalism” rose to carry out Bellamy’s vision, William Morris roused his pen in London to rebut Looking Backward with an anti-industrial counter-utopia of pastoral peace: News from Nowhere. The suburban Morris had more in common with Bellamy, however, than he realized. At the same time, the architect John Pickering Putnam called for garden apartments to define the coming Nationalist utopia, testing his ideas with several prominent projects in Boston’s Back Bay.
Transgression and Redemption in American Fiction
Authors: Ferraro Thomas J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This book considers modern American fiction in its own Italianate coloration: the interplay of sex (the red of passion), violence (the black of violence), and sanctity (the gold of redemption). Its purpose is to involve readers in the mythopoetics of American narrative, long-lived and well overdue, in which Marian Catholicism is seen as integral to apprehending the nexus among eros, grace, and sacrifice in U.S. self-making—especially for Protestants! It starts with Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, the primary instigator, as well as with Frederic’s ingenious retelling, The Damnation of Theron Ware, a second persisting prism. Sustained revisionist accounts of five major novels and several stories follow, including Chopin’s The Awakening, James’ The Wings of the Dove, Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, Cather’s The Professor’s House, and Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises. Each novel is recalled as a melodrama of beset sexuality and revealed as a martyr tale of forbidden love—successive, self-aware courtings of devotional Catholicism that the critical and teaching establishment has found too mysterious and dangerous to recognize, never mind sanction. In counterpoint, the book illuminates each tale in its own terms, which are often surprising yet almost always common-sensical; it identifies the special senses—beauty, courage, and wisdom—that emerge, often in the face of social terror and moral darkness, under Marian-Catholic pedagogy; and it yields an overview of the mainline of the modern American novel in which sexual transgression (including betrayal) and graced redemption (the sanctification of passion, mediated confession, martyring sacrifice) go hand in hand, syncretically.
Introduction
Authors: Ferraro Thomas J. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
To make sense of the presence of Catholic devotionalism in America’s putatively Protestant mainstream fiction, the Introduction recovers the mythopoetic criticism of Leslie A. Fiedler’s Love and Death in the American Novel, long-remembered only in gender and racial terms, to marshal his distinction between Protestant sentimentalism, in which Pauline anti-sexuality yields sexless households and male bonding, and the sanctification of passion in the Catholic Mediterranean, which re-sexualizes Mary and compulsively seeks redemption in transgression. Whereas Fiedler assumed that Roman Catholicism lost the literary battle for the American psyche, Transgression & Redemption argues that “the Protestant temptation to Marian Catholicism” anticipated by Hawthorne’s Scarlet Letter really gets going by century’s end and culminates in the great American modern(ist) novels of the 1920s. It begins by identifying the core storytelling that dissents from Emersonian transcendentalism and that has dominated America’s novelistic canon since its inception: what a previous generation identifies as “melodramas of beset sexuality” that must now be seen, in a return to religious accountability, as martyr tales of forbidden love. Then the big reveal: it turns out that where there is sexual transgression in the American canon, there are almost always signs of redemption—and those signs are themselves almost always Catholic. The introduction proceeds from recent critical trends to outline further crucial changes in reading practices—leveraging female devotions against male delusion, thinking both/and instead of either/or, cultivating material immanence over transcendental symbolism—that prepare the way for comprehending the once-and-still-fearful religious Other central to the American literary imagination.
Pessoa’s Novel Invention
Authors: Ganeri Jonardon 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Fernando Pessoa’s invention of the heteronym represents a singular moment in the history of subjectivity. Heteronymy is, as the name implies, an othering of oneself, an awareness of oneself but as other. The contrast with the pseudonym is deliberate: a pseudonym is a mask, a disguise intended, even if only ironically, to hide the true identity of the author. A heteronym is something else entirely: it is the author writing ‘outside his own person’ and in doing so transforming himself into an other I. A heteronym possesses agency, if only in the capacity to compose verse, and has its own expressive and experiential style. If transforming oneself in simulation into an other I is the core of the idea of heteronymic subjectivity, an equally important theme in Pessoa is that of depersonalization. Living through a heteronym, which from one point of view must certainly constitute an enrichment of experiential life, is paradoxically described in terms of a loss of self. Two distinct kinds of self-awareness are co-present in any act of heteronymic simulation: a heteronymic self-awareness which consists in an awareness of oneself as another I, living through a distinctive set of experiences, emotions, and moods; and what I will call a forumnal self-awareness, an awareness of oneself as hosting the heteronym, which is at the same time a place from which one’s experiential life qua heteronym can be observed and analysed.
The Politics of Regime Complexity in International Derivatives Regulation
Authors: Quaglia Lucia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This book examines the post-crisis international derivatives regulation by bringing together the international relations literature on regime complexity and the international political economy literature on financial regulation. Specifically, it addresses three interconnected questions. What factors drove international standard-setting on derivatives post-crisis? Why did international regime complexity emerge? How was it managed and with what outcomes? Theoretically, this research innovatively combines a state-centric, a transgovernmental and a business-led explanations. Empirically, it examines all the main sets of standards (or elemental regimes) concerning derivatives, namely: trading, clearing, and reporting derivatives; resilience, recovery, and resolution of central counterparties; bank capital requirements for bank exposures to central counterparties and derivatives; margins for derivatives non-centrally cleared. Regime complexity in derivatives ensued from the multi-dimensionality and the interlinkages of the problems to tackle, especially because it was a new policy area without a focal international standard-setter. Overall, the international cooperation that took place in order to promote regulatory precision, stringency, and consistency in the regime complex on derivatives was remarkable, especially considering the large number of policy actors involved (states, private actors, regulators). The main jurisdictions played an important role in managing regime complexity, but their effectiveness was constrained by limited domestic coordination. Networks of regulators facilitated international standard-setting and contributed to managing regime complexity through formal and informal tools. The financial industry, at times, lobbied in favour of less precise and stringent rules, engaging in international ‘venue shopping’; other times, it promoted regulatory harmonization and consistency.
State of the Art and Research Design
Authors: Quaglia Lucia 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter begins by reviewing several bodies of scholarly works that are relevant to this research, notably, the international relations literature on regime complexity and the international political economy literature on financial regulation. It then discusses three mainstream theoretically informed explanations—a state-centric, a transgovernmental, and a business-led accounts—which can be useful to explain how regime complexity in derivatives was dealt with. Finally, it outlines the research design, the analytical framework, the methodology, the sources, the timeframe, and the empirical coverage. Empirically, this book examines all the main aspects concerning the regulation of derivatives markets, namely: trading, clearing and reporting derivatives; resilience, recovery and resolution of central counterparties; capital requirements for bank exposures to central counterparties and derivatives; margins for derivatives non-centrally cleared via central counterparties.
Activation of the Treaties
Authors: Van Harten Gus 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
In this chapter, it is shown how investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS) was activated in the 1990s through a series of pro-investor innovations, laying the foundation for hundreds of later claims. Enterprising lawyers saw the potential of the treaties, if interpreted liberally. Some lawyers became the arbitrators who quietly handed a string of victories to claimants, just as hundreds of new ISDS treaties were being signed by governments. Since the rush of treaties began to ebb around 1996, investors have brought nearly 1,000 claims, compared to four claims before that year. Thus, the 1990s were an incubation period for ISDS; one might also call it the product development phase of the ISDS industry.
Authority and Truth
Authors: Rea Michael C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chapter 3 is divided into three sections. The first attempts to clarify what might be meant in calling a text authoritative. The second draws distinctions between different things that might be meant by saying that a text is truthful. The goal in both of these parts is to arrive at some general conclusions about texts, rather than specific conclusions about the Bible. Consequently, the chapter refrains from making assumptions about (e.g.) biblical interpretation or about the truth of particular biblical texts. Indeed, for much of the discussion, the Bible is not even directly in view. The third section draws out some of the implications of the discussions in the first two sections for the question of how textual authority and textual truth are connected to one another. It also comments on the significance of these conclusions for discussions about the relation between biblical authority and biblical inerrancy.
Material Constitution and the Trinity [with Jeffrey Brower]
Authors: Rea Michael C. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
The Christian doctrine of the Trinity poses a serious philosophical problem. On the one hand, it seems to imply that there is exactly one divine being. On the other hand, it seems to imply that there are three divine beings. There is another well-known philosophical problem that presents us with a similar sort of tension: the problem of material constitution. This chapter argues that a relatively neglected solution to the problem of material constitution—an appeal to the Aristotelian doctrine of numerical sameness without identity—can be developed into a novel solution to the problem of the Trinity.
The New Landscape for Customer Engagement
Authors: Treadgold Alan , Reynolds Jonathan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the changed landscape for customer engagement. The challenges for retailers—be they long-established or new to the sector—in these very changed shopper engagement landscapes are considerable. They are especially around the risks of introducing into the enterprise more cost, more complexity, and simultaneously more risk of under-delivery to the shopper. But the opportunities are enormous for those that can create truly shopper-centric enterprises that are genuinely equipped to engage effectively and efficiently with shoppers in the ways in which they now wish to be engaged. Many leaders of retail businesses talk of having seen in the last five to ten years change in consumer landscapes on an unprecedented scale. But, even so, we are today still only in the early stages of a transformation which is rapidly and fundamentally reframing the shopper engagement landscape.
The New Needs of Retail Enterprise Leaders
Authors: Treadgold Alan , Reynolds Jonathan 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Chapter 10 is complementary to Chapter 9. The chapter focuses on the new needs of retail business leaders themselves. Certainly, some of what can be considered ‘conventional’ retail-specific skills—such as merchandising and product sourcing—continue to be highly relevant in the new retail landscape. Other skill areas have become more important whilst others are, relatively if not absolutely, de-emphasized. More personal attributes that enterprise leaders will need are also discussed. Prominent in this regard is the capacity of enterprise leaders to lead effectively in environments that are defined by uncertainty.
“The More Difficult War Within”
Authors: Abzug Robert H. 
Published: December 2020

Abstract
Soon May was in transition from the ministry to becoming a psychotherapist. He enrolled in a counseling program at Teachers College, Columbia University, and did coursework at a new psychoanalytic institute. Tillich introduced him to many German émigrés: Kurt Goldstein, Erich Fromm, Frieda Fromm-Reichmann. His mentor also involved him in a private seminar on psychology and religion. May also wrote articles for various popular religious journals to bolster spirits during the war. He himself was disqualified from the draft because of a heart murmur.
Aflasafe SN01 is the First Biocontrol Product Approved for Aflatoxin Mitigation in Two Nations, Senegal and The Gambia
Authors: Senghor A. L. , Ortega-Beltran A. , Atehnkeng J. , Jarju P. , Cotty P. J. , Bandyopadhyay R. 
Published: December 2020

Aflatoxin contamination is caused by Aspergillus flavus and closely related fungi. In The Gambia, aflatoxin contamination of groundnut and maize, two staple and economically important crops, is common. Groundnut and maize consumers are chronically exposed to aflatoxins, sometimes at alarming levels, and this has severe consequences on their health and productivity. Aflatoxin contamination also impedes commercialization in local and international premium markets. In neighboring Senegal, an aflatoxin biocontrol product containing four atoxigenic isolates of A. flavus, Aflasafe SN01, has been registered and is approved for commercial use in groundnut and maize. We detected that the four genotypes composing Aflasafe SN01 are also native to The Gambia. The biocontrol product was tested during two years in 129 maize and groundnut fields and compared with corresponding untreated fields cropped by smallholder farmers in The Gambia. Treated crops contained up to 100% less aflatoxins than untreated crops. A large portion of the crops could have been commercialized in premium markets due to the low aflatoxin content (in many cases no detectable aflatoxins), both at harvest and after storage. Substantial aflatoxin reductions were also achieved when commercially produced groundnut received treatment. Here we report for the first time the use and effectiveness of an aflatoxin biocontrol product registered for use in two nations. With the current scale-out and -up efforts of Aflasafe SN01, a large number of farmers, consumers, and traders in The Gambia and Senegal will obtain health, income, and trade benefits.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Psychiatric Comorbidity Among Women With Endometriosis: Nationwide Cohort Study in Sweden
Authors: Gao Menghan , Koupil Ilona , Sjöqvist Hugo , Karlsson Håkan , Lalitkumar Sujata , Dalman Christina , Kosidou Kyriaki 
Published: December 2020

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020;223(3):415.e1–415.e16)
Endometriosis is a major cause of pelvic pain, subfertility, and infertility that affects an estimated 11% of women of reproductive age. It has been reported in literature as a potential risk factor for depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder in clinical populations, although the quality of evidence is lacking.
COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases
Authors: Liu Yu , Sawalha Amr H. , Lu Qianjin 
Published: December 2020

Purpose of review
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between infection with SARS-CoV-2 and autoimmunity.

Recent findings
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although most of the infected individuals are asymptomatic, a proportion of patients with COVID-19 develop severe disease with multiple organ injuries. Evidence suggests that some medications used to treat autoimmune rheumatologic diseases might have therapeutic effect in patients with severe COVID-19 infections, drawing attention to the relationship between COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases. COVID-19 shares similarities with autoimmune diseases in clinical manifestations, immune responses and pathogenic mechanisms. Robust immune reactions participate in the pathogenesis of both disease conditions. Autoantibodies as a hallmark of autoimmune diseases can also be detected in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, some patients have been reported to develop autoimmune diseases, such as Guillain--Barré syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus, after COVID-19 infection. It is speculated that SARS-CoV-2 can disturb self-tolerance and trigger autoimmune responses through cross-reactivity with host cells. The infection risk and prognosis of COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune diseases remains controversial, but patient adherence to medication regimens to prevent autoimmune disease flares is strongly recommended.

Summary
We present a review of the association between COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases, focusing on similarities in immune responses, cross-reactivity of SARS-CoV-2, the development of autoimmune diseases in COVID-19 patients and the risk of COVID-19 infection in patients with preexisting autoimmune conditions.