bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A call to action for expanded sleep research in pediatric oncology: A position paper on behalf of the International Psycho‐Oncology Society Pediatrics Special Interest Group
Authors: Daniel Lauren C. , van Litsenburg Raphaele R.L. , Rogers Valerie E. , Zhou Eric S. , Ellis Sarah J. , Wakefield Claire E. , Stremler Robyn , Walter Lisa , Crabtree Valerie McLaughlin ,   on behalf of the International Psycho‐Oncology Society Pediatrics Special Interest Group
Published: October 2019

AbstractSleep and circadian rhythms are closely related to physical and psychosocial well‐being. However, sleep and circadian rhythm disruptions are often overlooked in children with cancer, as they are frequently considered temporary side effects of therapy that resolve when treatment ends. Yet, evidence from adult oncology suggests a bidirectional relationship wherein cancer and its treatment disrupt sleep and circadian rhythms, which are associated with negative health outcomes such as poor immune functioning and lower survival rates. A growing body of research demonstrates that sleep problems are prevalent among children with cancer and can persist into survivorship. However, medical and psychosocial outcomes of poor sleep and circadian rhythmicity have not been explored in this context. It is essential to increase our understanding because sleep and circadian rhythms are vital components of health and quality of life. In children without cancer, sleep and circadian disturbances respond well to intervention, suggesting that they may also be modifiable in children with cancer. We present this paper as a call to (a) incorporate sleep or circadian rhythm assessment into pediatric cancer clinical trials, (b) address gaps in understanding the bidirectional relationship between sleep or circadian rhythms and health throughout the cancer trajectory, and (c) integrate sleep and circadian science into oncologic treatment.
Content comparison of unmet needs self‐report measures used in patients with head and neck cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Shunmugasundaram Chindhu , Rutherford Claudia , Butow Phyllis N. , Sundaresan Puma , Dhillon Haryana M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveMorbidity from head and neck cancers (HNCs) and their treatment are significant, given their proximity to anatomical sites impacting facial appearance and function. Assessing the needs of HNC patients throughout their cancer journey is critical to informing quality care and improving quality of life. We aimed to identify available unmet needs measures in the HNC setting and appraise their content and psychometric properties.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of five electronic databases (July 2007‐July 2019) to identify studies of unmet needs in patients with HNC. In addition, three web‐based patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) databases were searched for unmet needs measures. Citations were screened for eligibility and identified measures reviewed for content coverage and psychometric properties. From identified measures and literature, a conceptual framework with 12 clinically relevant aspects of unmet needs was developed and used to assess the conceptual coverage of available unmet needs measures.ResultsLiterature search identified 273 records of which 28 studies assessing unmet needs in HNC cancer met eligibility criteria. Seven unmet needs measures were identified from retrieved studies and seven additional measures from PROM databases. Thus, 14 measures in total were reviewed. Content mapping revealed that three measures demonstrated excellent content validity (greater than 80% conceptual coverage): Patient Concerns Inventory (PCI), Needs Assessment for Advanced Cancer Patients (NA‐ACP), and James Supportive Care Screening (JSCS).ConclusionWe recommend PCI be used to measure unmet needs in the HNC setting considering the importance of content validity over quantitative psychometric properties.
Comprehensive analysis of all evolutionary paths between two divergent PDZ domain specificities
Authors: Teyra Joan , Ernst Andreas , Singer Alex , Sicheri Frank , Sidhu Sachdev S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo understand the molecular evolution of functional diversity in protein families, we comprehensively investigated the consequences of all possible mutation combinations separating two peptide‐binding domains with highly divergent specificities. We analyzed the Erbin PDZ domain (Erbin‐PDZ), which exhibits canonical type I specificity, and a synthetic Erbin‐PDZ variant (E‐14) that differs at six positions and exhibits an atypical specificity that closely resembles that of the natural Pdlim4 PDZ domain (Pdlim4‐PDZ). We constructed a panel of 64 PDZ domains covering all possible transitions between Erbin‐PDZ and E‐14 (i.e., the panel contained variants with all possible combinations of either the Erbin‐PDZ or E‐14 sequence at the six differing positions). We assessed the specificity profiles of the 64 PDZ domains using a C‐terminal phage‐displayed peptide library containing all possible genetically encoded heptapeptides. The specificity profiles clustered into six distinct groups, showing that intermediate domains can be nodes for the evolution of divergent functions. Remarkably, three substitutions were sufficient to convert the specificity of Erbin‐PDZ to that of Pdlim4‐PDZ, whereas Pdlim4‐PDZ contains 71 differences relative to Erbin‐PDZ. X‐ray crystallography revealed the structural basis for specificity transition: a single substitution in the center of the binding site, supported by contributions from auxiliary substitutions, altered the main chain conformation of the peptide ligand to resemble that of ligands bound to Pdlim4‐PDZ. Our results show that a very small set of mutations can dramatically alter protein specificity, and these findings support the hypothesis whereby complex protein functions evolve by gene duplication followed by cumulative mutations.
Methyltransferase CheR binds to its chemoreceptor substrates independent of their signaling conformation yet modifies them differentially
Authors: Li Mingshan , Hazelbauer Gerald L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMethylation of specific chemoreceptor glutamyl residues by methyltransferase CheR mediates sensory adaptation and gradient sensing in bacterial chemotaxis. Enzyme action is a function of chemoreceptor signaling conformation: kinase‐off receptors are more readily methylated than kinase‐on, a feature central to adaptational and gradient‐sensing mechanisms. Differential enzyme action could reflect differential binding, catalysis or both. We investigated by measuring CheR binding to kinase‐off and kinase‐on forms of Escherichia coli aspartate receptor Tar deleted of its CheR‐tethering, carboxyl terminus pentapeptide. This allowed characterization of the low‐affinity binding of enzyme to the substrate receptor body, otherwise masked by high‐affinity interaction with pentapeptide. We quantified the low‐affinity protein–protein interactions by determining kinetic rate constants of association and dissociation using bio‐layer interferometry and from those values calculating equilibrium constants. Whether Tar signaling conformations were shifted by ligand occupancy or adaptational modification, there was little or no difference between the two signaling conformations in kinetic or equilibrium parameters of enzyme‐receptor binding. Thus, differential methyltransferase action does not reflect differential binding. Instead, the predominant determinants of binding must be common to different signaling conformations. Characterization of the dependence of association rate constants on Deybe length, a measure of the influence of electrostatics, implicated electrostatic interactions as a common binding determinant. Taken together, our observations indicate that differential action of methyltransferase on kinase‐off and kinase‐on chemoreceptors is not the result of differential binding and suggest it reflects differential catalytic propensity. Differential catalysis rather than binding could well be central to other enzymes distinguishing alternative conformations of protein substrates.
The equatorial stratospheric semiannual oscillation and time‐mean winds in QBOi models
Authors: Smith A. K. , Holt L. A. , Garcia R. R. , Anstey J. A. , Serva F. , Butchart N. , Osprey S. , Bushell A. C. , Kawatani Y. , Kim Y.‐H. , Lott F. , Braesicke P. , Cagnazzo C. , Chen C.‐C. , Chun H.‐Y. , Gray L. , Kerzenmacher T. , Naoe H. , Richter J. , Versick S. , Schenzinger V. , Watanabe S. , Yoshida K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation initiative (QBOi) is a model intercomparison programme that specifically targets simulation of the QBO in current global climate models. Eleven of the models or model versions that participated in a QBOi intercomparison study have upper boundaries in or above the mesosphere and therefore simulate the region where the stratopause semiannual oscillation (SAO) is the dominant mode of variability of zonal winds in the tropical upper stratosphere. Comparisons of the SAO simulations in these models are presented here. These show that the model simulations of the amplitudes and phases of the SAO in zonal‐mean zonal wind near the stratopause agree well with the information derived from available observations. However, most of the models simulate time‐average zonal winds that are more westward than determined from observations, in some cases by several tens of m·s–1. Validation of wave activity in the models is hampered by the limited observations of tropical waves in the upper stratosphere but suggests a deficit of eastward forcing either by large‐scale waves, such as Kelvin waves, or by gravity waves.
Droplet size distributions in turbulent clouds: experimental evaluation of theoretical distributions
Authors: Chandrakar Kamal Kant , Saito Izumi , Yang Fan , Cantrell Will , Gotoh Toshiyuki , Shaw Raymond A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrecipitation efficiency and optical properties of clouds, both central to determining Earth's weather and climate, depend on the size distribution of cloud particles. In this work theoretical expressions for cloud droplet size distribution shape are evaluated using measurements from controlled experiments in a convective‐cloud chamber. The experiments are a unique opportunity to constrain theory because they are in steady‐state and because the initial and boundary conditions are well characterized compared to typical atmospheric measurements. Three theoretical distributions obtained from a Langevin drift‐diffusion approach to cloud formation via stochastic condensation are tested: (a) stochastic condensation with a constant removal time‐scale; (b) stochastic condensation with a size‐dependent removal time‐scale; (c) droplet growth in a fixed supersaturation condition and with size‐dependent removal. In addition, a similar Weibull distribution that can be obtained from the drift‐diffusion approach, as well as from mechanism‐independent probabilistic arguments (e.g., maximum entropy), is tested as a fourth hypothesis. Statistical techniques such as the χ2 test, sum of squared errors of prediction, and residual analysis are employed to judge relative success or failure of the theoretical distributions to describe the experimental data. An extensive set of cloud droplet size distributions are measured under different aerosol injection rates. Five different aerosol injection rates are run both for size‐selected aerosol particles, and six aerosol injection rates are run for broad‐distribution, polydisperse aerosol particles. In relative comparison, the most favourable comparison to the measurements is the expression for stochastic condensation with size‐dependent droplet removal rate. However, even this optimal distribution breaks down for broad aerosol size distributions, primarily due to deviations from the measured large‐droplet tail. A possible explanation for the deviation is the Ostwald ripening effect coupled with deactivation/activation in polluted cloud conditions.
Recent Advances of Porous Graphene: Synthesis, Functionalization, and Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Wan Qijin , Yang Nianjun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGraphene is a 2D sheet of sp2 bonded carbon atoms and tends to aggregate together, due to the strong π–π stacking and van der Waals attraction between different layers. Its unique properties such as a high specific surface area and a fast mass transport rate are severely blocked. To address these issues, various kinds of 2D holey graphene and 3D porous graphene are either self‐assembled from graphene layers or fabricated using graphene related materials such as graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Porous graphene not only possesses unique pore structures, but also introduces abundant exposed edges and accelerates mass transfer. The properties and applications of these porous graphenes and their composites/hybrids have been extensively studied in recent years. Herein, recent progress and achievements in synthesis and functionalization of various 2D holey graphene and 3D porous graphene are reviewed. Of special interest, electrochemical applications of porous graphene and its hybrids in the fields of electrochemical sensing, electrocatalysis, and electrochemical energy storage, are highlighted. As the closing remarks, the challenges and opportunities for the future research of porous graphene and its composites are discussed and outlined.
A numerical study of tilt‐based wake steering using a hybrid free‐wake method
Authors: Su Keye , Bliss Donald 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the potential of using tilt‐based wake steering to alleviate wake shielding problems experienced by downwind turbines. Numerical simulations of turbine wakes have been conducted using a hybrid free‐wake analysis combining vortex lattice method (VLM) and an innovative free‐wake model called constant circulation contour method (CCCM). Simulation results indicate tilting a horizontal axis wind turbine's shaft upward causes its wake to ascend, carrying energy‐depleted air upward and pumping more energetic replacement air into downstream turbines, thereby having the potential to recover downstream turbine power generation. Wake cross section vorticity and velocity distributions reveal that the wake upward transport is caused by the formation of near‐wake streamwise vorticity components, and furthermore, the wake velocity deficit is weakened because of the skewed wake structure. Beyond the single turbine wake simulation, an inline two‐turbine case is performed as an assessment of the wake steering influence on the two‐turbine system and as an exploratory work of simulating turbine‐wake interactions using the hybrid free‐wake model. Individual and total turbine powers are calculated. A comparison between different tilting angles suggests turbine power enhancement may be achieved by tilting the upstream turbine and steering its wakes away from the downstream turbine.
Tube algebras, excitations statistics and compactification in gauge models of topological phases
Authors: Bullivant Alex , Delcamp Clement 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe consider lattice Hamiltonian realizations of (d+1)-dimensional Dijkgraaf- Witten theory. In (2+1) d, it is well-known that the Hamiltonian yields point-like excita- tions classified by irreducible representations of the twisted quantum double. This can be confirmed using a tube algebra approach. In this paper, we propose a generalisation of this strategy that is valid in any dimensions. We then apply this generalisation to derive the algebraic structure of loop-like excitations in (3+1) d, namely the twisted quantum triple. The irreducible representations of the twisted quantum triple algebra correspond to the simple loop-like excitations of the model. Similarly to its (2+1) d counterpart, the twisted quantum triple comes equipped with a compatible comultiplication map and anR-matrix that encode the fusion and the braiding statistics of the loop-like excitations, respectively. Moreover, we explain using the language of loop-groupoids how a model defined on a man- ifold that isn-times compactified can be expressed in terms of another model inn-lower dimensions. This can in turn be used to recast higher-dimensional tube algebras in terms of lower dimensional analogues.
The RNA–RNA base pairing potential of human Dicer and Ago2 proteins
Authors: Pokornowska Maria , Milewski Marek C. , Ciechanowska Kinga , Szczepańska Agnieszka , Wojnicka Marta , Radogostowicz Ziemowit , Figlerowicz Marek , Kurzynska-Kokorniak Anna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe ribonuclease Dicer produces microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs that are handed over to Ago proteins to control gene expression by targeting complementary sequences within transcripts. Interestingly, a growing number of reports have demonstrated that the activity of Dicer may extend beyond the biogenesis of small regulatory RNAs. Among them, a report from our latest studies revealed that human Dicer facilitates base pairing of complementary sequences present in two nucleic acids, thus acting as a nucleic acid annealer. Accordingly, in this manuscript, we address how RNA structure influences the annealing activity of human Dicer. We show that Dicer supports hybridization between a small RNA and a complementary sequence of a longer RNA in vitro, even when both complementary sequences are trapped within secondary structures. Moreover, we show that under applied conditions, human Ago2, a core component of RNA-induced silencing complex, displays very limited annealing activity. Based on the available data from new-generation sequencing experiments regarding the RNA pool bound to Dicer in vivo, we show that multiple Dicer-binding sites within mRNAs also contain miRNA targets. Subsequently, we demonstrate in vitro that Dicer but not Ago2 can anneal miRNA to its target present within mRNA. We hypothesize that not all miRNA duplexes are handed over to Ago proteins. Instead, miRNA-Dicer complexes could target specific sequences within transcripts and either compete or cooperate for binding sites with miRNA-Ago complexes. Thus, not only Ago but also Dicer might be directly involved in the posttranscriptional control of gene expression.
Glycosylation of proteins of human skin fibroblasts is changed by rosmarinic acid
Authors: Iwona Radziejewska , Katarzyna Supruniuk 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGlycosylation is a common post-translational process of protein modification. Glycans participate in many crucial biological functions like cell differentiation, cell adhesion, cell-cell interactions, and regulation of signaling pathways. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural flavonoid with many pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, or anti-fibrotic. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of 25, 50, and 100 μM rosmarinic acid on specific carbohydrate antigens in human skin fibroblasts. ELISA-liked test with biotinylated lectins was used to assess the level of sugar structures in cell lysates and culture supernatant. RT-PCR was applied to determine mRNA of selected glycosyltransferases responsible for formation of sugar antigens. Rosmarinic acid inhibited the expression of Tn, T antigens and their sialylated forms, fucosylated antigens, di NAclactosamine, and mannose antigens. All used doses of RA significantly decreased core 1 β1-3galactosyltransferase mRNA and 25 and 50 μM acid significantly inhibited GalNAcα2-6-sialyltransferase mRNA. The results indicate that rosmarinic acid, due to decreasing effect on specific sugar antigens, can change some of crucial carbohydrate functions in skin fibroblasts, e.g., involved in cell adhesion and cell-cell interactions.
Jumping Joints: The Complex Relationship Between Osteoarthritis and Jumping Mechanography
Authors: Shere C. , Fuggle N. R. , Edward M. H. , Parsons C. M. , Jameson K. A. , Cooper C. , Dennison E. M. , Ward K. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We investigated the relationship between lower limb osteoarthritis (OA) and muscle strength and power (assessed by jumping mechanography) in UK community-dwelling older adults. We recruited 249 older adults (144 males, 105 females). OA was assessed clinically at the knee according to ACR criteria and radiographically, at the knee and hip, using Kellgren and Lawrence grading. Two-footed jumping tests were performed using a Leonardo Mechanography Ground Reaction Force Platform to assess maximum muscle force, power and Esslinger Fitness Index. Linear regression was used to assess the relationship between OA and jumping outcomes. Results are presented as β (95% confidence interval). The mean age of participants was 75.2 years (SD 2.6). Males had a significantly higher maximum relative power during lift off (mean 25.7 W/kg vs. 19.9 W/kg) and maximum total force during lift off (mean 21.0 N/kg vs. 19.1 N/kg) than females. In adjusted models, we found significant associations in males between clinical knee OA and maximum relative power [− 6.00 (CI − 9.10, − 2.94)] and Esslinger Fitness Index [− 19.3 (− 29.0, − 9.7)]. In females, radiographic knee OA was associated with total maximum power [− 2.0 (− 3.9, − 0.1)] and Esslinger Fitness Index [− 8.2 (− 15.9, − 0.4)]. No significant associations were observed for maximum total force. We observed significant negative associations between maximum relative power and Esslinger Fitness Index and clinical knee OA in males and radiographic knee OA in females. We have used novel methodology to demonstrate relationships between muscle function and OA in older adults.
Waiting Too Long: The Contribution of Delayed Surgical Access to Pediatric Disease Burden in Somaliland
Authors: Smith Emily R. , Concepcion Tessa L. , Shrime Mark , Niemeier Kelli , Mohamed Mubarak , Dahir Shugri , Ismail Edna Adan , Poenaru Dan , Rice Henry E. ,   the Global Initiative for Children's Surgery
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundDelayed access to surgical care for congenital conditions in low‐ and middle‐income countries is associated with increased risk of death and life‐long disabilities, although the actual burden of delayed access to care is unknown. Our goal was to quantify the burden of disease related to delays to surgical care for children with congenital surgical conditions in Somaliland.MethodsWe collected data from medical records on all children (n = 280) receiving surgery for a proxy set of congenital conditions over a 12‐month time period across all 15 surgically equipped hospitals in Somaliland. We defined delay to surgical care for each condition as the difference between the ideal and the actual ages at the time of surgery. Disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to these delays were calculated and compared by the type of condition, travel distance to care, and demographic characteristics.ResultsWe found long delays in surgical care for these 280 children with congenital conditions, translating to a total of 2970 attributable delayed DALYs, or 8.4 avertable delayed DALYs per child, with the greatest burden among children with neurosurgical and anorectal conditions. Over half of the families seeking surgical care had to travel over 2 h to a surgically equipped hospital in the capital city of Hargeisa.ConclusionsChildren with congenital conditions in Somaliland experience substantial delays to surgical care and travel long distances to obtain care. Estimating the burden of delayed surgical care with avertable delayed DALYs offers a powerful tool for estimating the costs and benefits of interventions to improve the quality of surgical care.