bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A social cure in the community: A mixed‐method exploration of the role of social identity in the experiences and well‐being of community volunteers
Authors: Bowe Mhairi , Gray Debra , Stevenson Clifford , McNamara Niamh , Wakefield Juliet R. H. , Kellezi Blerina , Wilson Iain , Cleveland Michelle , Mair Elizabeth , Halder Moon , Costa Sebastiano 
Published: July 2020

AbstractCohesive, resilient communities are vital to the well‐being of residents. Uncovering the determinants of successful community identities is therefore essential to progressing the community health agenda. Engaging in community participation through volunteering may be one pathway to building local community identity and enhancing residents’ health and well‐being, but the group processes connecting them remain unexplored. We conducted two studies investigating these dynamics using the “Social Cure” perspective. First, we analysed 53 in‐depth interviews with volunteers, finding that community relationships shaped their experiences and that volunteering influenced their sense of community belonging, support, and well‐being. Second, a community survey (N = 619) revealed that volunteering predicts well‐being through the serial mediators of community identification and social support. Our article demonstrates the Social Cure processes involved in community‐based volunteering, their impact on community identity, support and well‐being, and their implications for community health, and the provision and sustainability of community voluntary action and interventions.
Experimental investigation on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of diesel doped with green synthesized nano cerium oxide
Authors: Ramalingam Magudieshwaran , Ramasamy Venkatachalam , Palanisamy Senthilkumar , Subramaniam Magibalan , Muthusamy Kathirselvam 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThis study reports the potential of Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles synthesized from Jatropha curcus leaves and Insulin plant extracts to use as a doping constituent with diesel fuel. Investigations were carried out to analyze the effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles on engine performance and smoke emission characteristics. X‐ray diffraction study witness the presence of Cerium oxide in the plant extracts and the average crystal size of CeO2 nanoparticles synthesized from J. curcus leaves and insulin plant extracts was 5 and 25 nm, respectively. Experimental runs were carried out on a 4 stroke direct injection VCR diesel engines at two different compression ratios. The result showed that the brake thermal efficiency is increased by a maximum of 5.5% for 25 ppm CeO2 extract blend from insulin plant with diesel fuel. CO and HC emissions of CeO2 doped diesel blends are lowered by up to 38 and 40% at full load conditions in line with neat diesel and also presents significant results in emission characteristics. Finally, it is worth stating that doping of 25 ppm CeO2 nanoparticles from insulin extracts with diesel at compression ratio of 16 can establish better results than diesel.
Experimental performance study of a hybrid compressed air‐electric vehicle prototype
Authors: Evrin Reza Alizade , Dincer Ibrahim 
Published: July 2020

AbstractIn this paper, the prototype of a new hybrid compressed air‐electric vehicle is developed, analyzed, built and tested. The system consists of a novel hybrid electric‐compressed air system integrated with phase change materials for energy recovery in the heat exchanger. Three different phase change materials (PCMs) of polyethylene glycol, paraffin, and alkane mix are investigated for heat recovery purposes in the prototype where the paraffin option provides better results. The experimentally investigated system is a novel, hybrid‐type pneumatic vehicle (compressed air and electric in a hybridized manner) prototype which has been built and tested in the laboratory at the Ontario Tech. University in Oshawa. The experimental tests are performed for the hybrid air system integrated with a PCM heat exchanger and a supplementary battery power of 1.68 kW (with an actual turbine work rate of 1.43 kW). The total work output by four air and electric motors is 23.12 kW which is found to be sufficient for the powertrain of a small‐size city vehicle. The energy efficiency for the system is found to be 65.0% while the exergy efficiency is 57.0% for a common driving range of 131 km which is considered a kind of acceptable driving range for commercial pneumatic vehicles. Furthermore, this type of prototype is expected to offer a good marketing opportunity with a generated shaft work of 23.12 kW, respectively.
Key Opportunities to Replace, Reduce, and Refine Regulatory Fish Acute Toxicity Tests
Authors: Burden Natalie , Benstead Rachel , Benyon Kate , Clook Mark , Green Christopher , Handley John , Harper Neil , Maynard Samuel K. , Mead Chris , Pearson Audrey , Ryder Kathryn , Sheahan Dave , van Egmond Roger , Wheeler James R. , Hutchinson Thomas H. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Fish acute toxicity tests are conducted as part of regulatory hazard identification and risk-assessment packages for industrial chemicals and plant protection products. The aim of these tests is to determine the concentration which would be lethal to 50% of the animals treated. These tests are therefore associated with suffering in the test animals, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development test guideline 203 (fish, acute toxicity) studies are the most widely conducted regulatory vertebrate ecotoxicology tests for prospective chemical safety assessment. There is great scope to apply the 3Rs principles—the reduction, refinement, and replacement of animals—in this area of testing. An expert ecotoxicology working group, led by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research, including members from government, academia, and industry, reviewed global fish acute test data requirements for the major chemical sectors. The present study highlights ongoing initiatives and provides an overview of the key challenges and opportunities associated with replacing, reducing, and/or refining fish acute toxicity studies—without compromising environmental protection. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2076–2089. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Chemicals Weaken Shoal Preference in the Rare Minnow Gobiocypris rarus
Authors: Qiu Ning , Xu Chunsen , Wang Xuzhen , Hou Miaomiao , Xia Zhijun , Wang Jianwei 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Fish behavioral responses are sensitive to chemicals in the water. We tested rare minnow tested for their shoal preference, and the shoal (school) factors including nutritional status, body size, and shoal (school) size that can make their preference most stable were measured. Then shoal preference was measured again while fish and shoal were subjected to a concentration gradient of chemicals (cadmium ion [Cd2+], tricaine methanesulfonate [MS222], and p-chloroaniline). The results showed that single rare minnow preferred shoals over blank control tanks. In addition, this preference was most stable when the shoal was well fed and contained 20 individuals 2 cm long. Although there was no significant response after exposure to p-chloroaniline, the time spent from entering the tank to start moving decreased greatly at concentrations of Cd2+ &gt;3 mg/L and MS222 &gt;11 mg/L. The time the test fish spent close to the shoal significantly decreased at Cd2+ &gt;3 mg/L, MS222 &gt;11 mg/L, and p-chloroaniline &gt;10 mg/L, and the frequency of boundary line crossing increased at the same concentrations. The behavioral parameters changed by 20, 5, and 8 min once the lowest-observed-effect concentrations of Cd2+, MS222, and p-chloroaniline, respectively, were added. Our study provides useful information on rare minnow shoal preference that may be used for a biological early warning system. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2018–2027. © 2020 SETAC
Abstract
Rare minnow prefer being close to the shoal, and this preference can be impacted by chemicals.
Optimized planting time and co‐growth duration reduce the yield difference between intercropped and sole soybean by enhancing soybean resilience toward size‐asymmetric competition
Authors: Ahmed Shoaib , Raza Muhammad Ali , Yuan Xiaoqin , Du Yongli , Iqbal Nasir , Chachar Qamaruddin , Soomro Aijaz Ahmed , Ibrahim Faisal , Hussain Sajad , Wang Xingcai , Liu Weiguo , Yang Wenyu 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSelecting optimum planting time (PT) in maize–soybean relay intercropping system (MSRI) is important to obtain higher intercrop yields because planting time decides the co‐growth duration and competitive ability of intercrop species in MSRI. However, little is known on how planting time (co‐growth duration) changes the interspecific interaction resulting in a seed‐yield difference between intercropping and sole cropping system. Therefore, this field study was initiated to determine the effects of changing co‐growth duration on competitive interactions, growth, and yield of intercrop species under MSRI. The sole soybean and relay‐cropped soybean were planted on PT1 (15–20 May, 90 days of co‐growth duration in MSRI); PT2 (5–10 June, 70 days of co‐growth duration in MSRI); and PT3 (25–30 June, 50 days of co‐growth duration in MSRI) to generate different size‐asymmetric competition between component crops in MSRI. Results showed that sole soybean produced the mean highest (2.93 t/ha) seed yield under PT2, and the mean lowest (2.51 t/ha) seed yield under PT1. However, in MSRI, PT3 increased the soybean yield by 29.1% and 13.3% compared to PT1 and PT2, respectively. The PT3 also increased the maize yield by 7.4% and 2.9% than PT1 and PT2, respectively, and it reduced the yield differences of maize and soybean between relay intercropping and sole cropping systems. In MSRI, decreased co‐growth duration promoted the soybean plants to achieve the higher crop growth rate, and biomass accumulation, which ultimately improved the soybean resilience toward size‐asymmetric competition created by maize plants. Furthermore, as compared to PT1 and PT2, planting time PT3 significantly increased the competitive ratio (by 10.1% and 17.3%, respectively) of soybean plants. Overall, the PT3 achieved the average highest land equivalent ratio of 1.63, which is significantly higher than PT1 (by 12.3%) and PT2 (by 10.6%). In conclusion, this study implied that in MSRI, the determination of proper soybean planting time (co‐growth duration) is one of the most critical factors to reduce the competition between the intercrops and to obtain higher crop yields.
Effect of processing on the contents of amino acids and fatty acids, and glucose release from the starch of quinoa
Authors: Wu Ligen , Wang Anna , Shen Ruilin , Qu Lingbo 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe effects of processing on the content of amino acids and fatty acids and the release of glucose from quinoa grains were evaluated in this paper. The processes included dehulling, boiling, extrusion, heating under pressure, and baking (infrared heating). The retention rate (AR) of essential amino acids and fatty acids of dehulled and boiled quinoa was 100%. The oil content of the extruded quinoa samples of two varieties was 47.71% and 39.75% lower than the corresponding raw quinoa samples. Baking and heating under pressure had different effects on the essential amino acid content, fatty acid content, and hydrolysis rate of quinoa starch. The results indicated the different cooking methods affect the essential amino acid content, fatty acid composition, release of glucose, and nutritional quality of quinoa, and moderate processing should be adopted to fully utilize the essential amino acids, fatty acids, and starch in quinoa.
Physicochemical characteristics and consumer acceptance of puddings fortified with Cudrania tricuspidata and Aronia melanocarpa extracts
Authors: Lee Jeong Ho , Choi Il Sook 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe objectives of the study were to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of puddings fortified with 0.01% mandarin melon berry (Cudrania tricuspidata) and 0%–1.0% aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) extracts and to assess the effects of the fortification on consumer acceptance. The soluble solid content of pudding significantly increased as aronia concentration increased, whereas pH levels significantly decreased in a similar concentration‐dependent manner. The texture profiles of hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness increased significantly in the pudding fortified with 0.01% mandarin melon berry extract compared to those of the control pudding, and these profiles decreased with increasing aronia concentration. One hundred consumers evaluated ten puddings, both with and without acid treatments, in two sessions. Overall acceptance, taste acceptance, and texture acceptance showed no significant differences until 0.1% aronia concentration was reached. However, these differences decreased significantly in the pudding fortified with 0.5% and 1.0% aronia extract. The results demonstrate that the potential application of mandarin melon berry and aronia extract fortification in pudding products should be limited to 0.01% mandarin melon berry and 0.1% aronia concentrations.
Methodology for Evaluation of Contributions of Ostwald Ripening and Particle Agglomeration to Growth of Catalyst Particles in PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Kregar A. , Kravos A. , Katrašnik T. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe degradation of the catalyst layer represents one of the main limiting factors in a wider adoption of fuel cells. The identification of the contributions of different mechanisms of catalyst degradation, namely the Ostwald ripening and particle agglomeration, is an important step in the development of mitigation strategies for increasing fuel cell reliability and prolonging its life time.In this paper, the degradation phenomena in high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT‐PEMFC) are analyzed using a physically‐based model of fuel cell operation and catalyst degradation, describing carbon corrosion, platinum dissolution and consequent growth of catalyst particles. The model results indicate significantly different time dependence of catalyst particle growth resulting from different mechanisms: linear growth in the case of particle agglomeration and root‐like time dependence for the Ostwald ripening.Based on these results, a new analytic method is proposed, performed by the fitting of a test root‐function to the time profile of the particle size growth and using best‐fit parameters to identify the prevailing growth mechanism. Using this method on a particle growth time trace deduced from in situ cyclic voltammetry measurement during HT‐PEMFC degradation, we are able to identify the agglomeration as the main mechanism of catalyst particle grow.
SNP‐HLA Reference Consortium (SHLARC): HLA and SNP data sharing for promoting MHC‐centric analyses in genomics
Authors: Vince Nicolas , Douillard Venceslas , Geffard Estelle , Meyer Diogo , Castelli Erick C. , Mack Steven J. , Limou Sophie , Gourraud Pierre‐Antoine 
Published: July 2020

AbstractGenome‐wide associations studies have repeatedly identified the major histocompatibility complex genomic region (6p21.3) as key in immune pathologies. Researchers have also aimed to extend the biological interpretation of associations by focusing directly on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphisms and their combination as haplotypes. To circumvent the effort and high costs of HLA typing, statistical solutions have been developed to infer HLA alleles from single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping data. Though HLA imputation methods have been developed, no unified effort has yet been undertaken to share large and diverse imputation models, or to improve methods. By training the HIBAG software on SNP + HLA data generated by the Consortium on Asthma among African‐ancestry Populations in the Americas (CAAPA) to create reference panels, we highlighted the importance of (a) the number of individuals in reference panels, with a twofold increase in accuracy (from 10 to 100 individuals) and (b) the number of SNPs, with a 1.5‐fold increase in accuracy (from 500 to 24,504 SNPs). Results showed improved accuracy with CAAPA compared to the African American models available in HIBAG, highlighting the need for precise population‐matching. The SNP‐HLA Reference Consortium is an international endeavor to gather data, enhance HLA imputation and broaden access to highly accurate imputation models for the immunogenomics community.
Ex vivo mesoscopic diffusion MRI correlates with seizure frequency in patients with uncontrolled mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Ke Justin , Foley Lesley M. , Hitchens T. Kevin , Richardson R. Mark , Modo Michel 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe role of hippocampal connectivity in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) remains poorly understood. The use of ex vivo hippocampal samples excised from patients with mTLE affords mesoscale diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify individual cell layers, such as the pyramidal (PCL) and granule cell layers (GCL), which are thought to be impacted by seizure activity. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of control (n = 3) and mTLE (n = 7) hippocampi on an 11.7 T MRI scanner allowed us to reveal intra‐hippocampal connectivity and evaluate how epilepsy affected mean (MD), axial (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD), as well as fractional anisotropy (FA). Regional measurements indicated a volume loss in the PCL of the cornu ammonis (CA) 1 subfield in mTLE patients compared to controls, which provided anatomical context. Diffusion measurements, as well as streamline density, were generally higher in mTLE patients compared to controls, potentially reflecting differences due to tissue fixation. mTLE measurements were more variable than controls. This variability was associated with disease severity, as indicated by a strong correlation (r = 0.87) between FA in the stratum radiatum and the frequency of seizures in patients. MD and RD of the PCL in subfields CA3 and CA4 also correlated strongly with disease severity. No correlation of MR measures with disease duration was evident. These results reveal the potential of mesoscale diffusion MRI to examine layer‐specific diffusion changes and connectivity to determine how these relate to clinical measures. Improving the visualization of intra‐hippocampal connectivity will advance the development of novel hypotheses about seizure networks.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Acute Hepatic Porphyrias: Results from the Longitudinal Study of the U.S. Porphyrias Consortium
Authors: Saberi Behnam , Naik Hetanshi , Overbey Jessica R. , Erwin Angelika L. , Anderson Karl E. , Bissell D. Montgomery , Bonkovsky Herbert L. , Phillips John D. , Wang Bruce , K.Singal Ashwani , M.McGuire Brendan , Desnick Robert J. , Balwani Manisha 
Published: July 2020

Background and Aims
The risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increased in acute hepatic porphyrias (AHP). The aim of this study was to explore the clinicopathologic characteristics, outcomes, and frequency of HCC in patients with AHP in the United States.

Approach and Results
This cross‐sectional analysis evaluated patients with HCC in a multicenter, longitudinal study of AHP. Among 327 patients with AHP, 5 (1.5%) were diagnosed with HCC. Of the 5 HCC cases, 4 had acute intermittent porphyria and 1 had variegate porphyria, confirmed by biochemical and/or genetic testing. All patients were white females, with a median age of 27 years (range 21‐75) at diagnosis. The median age at HCC diagnosis was 69 years (range 61‐74). AHP was asymptomatic in 2 patients; 2 reported sporadic attacks; and 1 reported recurrent attacks (>4 attacks/year). All patients had a single HCC lesion on liver imaging that was 1.8‐6.5 centimeters in diameter. Serum alpha fetoprotein levels were below 10 ng/mL in all 4 patients with available results. Four patients underwent liver resection, and 1 was treated with radioembolization. No significant inflammation or fibrosis was found in adjacent liver tissues of 3 patients who underwent liver resection. Two patients developed recurrence of HCC at 22 and 26 months following liver resection. All patients are alive with survival times from HCC diagnosis ranging from 26‐153 months.

Conclusion
In this U.S. study, 1.5% of patients with AHP had HCC. HCC in AHP occurred in the absence of cirrhosis, which contrasts with other chronic liver diseases. Patients with AHP, regardless of clinical attacks, should be screened for HCC, beginning at age 50. The pathogenesis of hepatocarcinogenesis in AHP is unknown and needs further investigation.
Elevated Liver Biochemistries in Hospitalized Chinese Patients With Severe COVID‐19: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Kovalic Alexander J. , Huang Glen , Thuluvath Paul J. , Satapathy Sanjaya K. 
Published: July 2020

Background and Aims
Several recent studies have reported an abnormal liver chemistry profile among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), although its clinical significance remains unknown.

Approach and Results
This systematic review and meta‐analysis identified six studies of 586 patients delineating liver chemistries among patients with severe/critical illness versus mild cases of COVID‐19 infection. Patients with severe/critical illness with COVID‐19 infection have increased prevalence of coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as compared with mild cases. A significant association between severe/critical COVID‐19 infections with elevations in aspartate aminotransferase (pooled mean difference [MD], 11.70 U/L; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.97, 20.43; P = 0.009), elevated total bilirubin (pooled MD, 0.14 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.06, 0.22; P = 0.0005), and decreased albumin (pooled MD, −0.68 g/L; 95% CI, −0.81, −0.55; P < 0.00001) was noted. There was also a trend toward elevated alanine aminotransferase levels among these severe cases (pooled MD, 8.84 U/L; 95% CI, −2.28, 19.97; P = 0.12); however, this did not reach statistical significance. More severe/critically ill cases were associated with leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, elevated creatinine kinase, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and elevated prothrombin time (PT).

Conclusions
Comorbidities, including coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, are more prevalent in hospitalized Chinese patients with severe/critical illness from COVID‐19, and these patients are more likely to manifest with abnormal liver chemistries. Further prospective studies are crucial to understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the hepatic manifestations of the novel COVID‐19 infection and its clinical significance.