bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multifunctional Pro‐Healing Zwitterionic Hydrogel for Simultaneous Optical Monitoring of pH and Glucose in Diabetic Wound Treatment
Authors: Zhu Yingnan , Zhang Jiamin , Song Jiayin , Yang Jing , Du Zheng , Zhao Weiqiang , Guo Hongshuang , Wen Chiyu , Li Qingsi , Sui Xiaojie , Zhang Lei 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDiabetic ulcer is the most common kind of chronic wound worldwide. Though great efforts have been devoted, diabetic ulcer still remains as a challenge that requires constant monitoring and management. In this work, a multifunctional zwitterionic hydrogel is developed to simultaneously detect two fluctuant wound parameters, pH and glucose level, to monitor the diabetic wound status. A pH indicator dye (phenol red) and two glucose sensing enzymes, glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), are encapsulated in the anti‐biofouling and biocompatible zwitterionic poly‐carboxybetaine (PCB) hydrogel matrix. The visible images are collected by a smartphone and transformed into RGB signals to quantify the wound parameters. Results show that the activity and stability of both two enzymes are improved within PCB hydrogel, and the Kcat/Km value of PCB‐HRP is ≈5.5 fold of free HRP in artificial wound exudate. This novel wound dressing can successfully monitor the pH range of 4–8 and glucose level of 0.1–10 × 10−3 m. Meanwhile, it also provides a moist healing environment that can promote diabetic wound healing. This multifunctional wound dressing may open vistas in chronic wound management and guide the diabetes treatment in clinical applications.
Trimetallic Mn‐Fe‐Ni Oxide Nanoparticles Supported on Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes as High‐Performance Bifunctional ORR/OER Electrocatalyst in Alkaline Media
Authors: Morales Dulce M. , Kazakova Mariya A. , Dieckhöfer Stefan , Selyutin Alexander G. , Golubtsov Georgiy V. , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Masa Justus 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDiscovering precious metal‐free electrocatalysts exhibiting high activity and stability toward both the oxygen reduction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution (OER) reactions remains one of the main challenges for the development of reversible oxygen electrodes in rechargeable metal–air batteries and reversible electrolyzer/fuel cell systems. Herein, a highly active OER catalyst, Fe0.3Ni0.7OX supported on oxygen‐functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes, is substantially activated into a bifunctional ORR/OER catalyst by means of additional incorporation of MnOX. The carbon nanotube‐supported trimetallic (Mn‐Ni‐Fe) oxide catalyst achieves remarkably low ORR and OER overpotentials with a low reversible ORR/OER overvoltage of only 0.73 V, as well as selective reduction of O2 predominantly to OH−. It is shown by means of rotating disk electrode and rotating ring disk electrode voltammetry that the combination of earth‐abundant transition metal oxides leads to strong synergistic interactions modulating catalytic activity. The applicability of the prepared catalyst for reversible ORR/OER electrocatalysis is evaluated by means of a four‐electrode configuration cell assembly comprising an integrated two‐layer bifunctional ORR/OER electrode system with the individual layers dedicated for the ORR and the OER to prevent deactivation of the ORR activity as commonly observed in single‐layer bifunctional ORR/OER electrodes after OER polarization.
A Flexible Dual‐Ion Battery Based on Sodium‐Ion Quasi‐Solid‐State Electrolyte with Long Cycling Life
Authors: Xie Donghao , Zhang Miao , Wu Yue , Xiang Lei , Tang Yongbing 
Published: November 2019

AbstractSodium‐based dual‐ion batteries (SDIBs) have attracted much attention for their advantages of high operating voltage, environmental friendliness, and especially low cost. However, the electrochemical performances of the reported SDIBs are still unsatisfied due to the decomposition problem of traditional liquid electrolyte under high working voltage. Development of quasi‐solid‐state electrolytes (QSSEs) with excellent electrochemical stability at high voltage is a possible means to improve their properties. In this work, a flexible SDIB based on a QSSE, consisting of poly(vinylidene ﬂuoride‐co‐hexaﬂuoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP) three‐dimensionally cross‐linked with Al2O3 nanoparticles, which exhibits a porous 3D structure with dramatically enhanced ionic conductivity up to ≈1.3 × 10−3 S cm−1, facilitating fast ionic migration of both anions and cations, is reported. This quasi‐state SDIB exhibits a high specific capacity of 96.8 mAh g−1 at a current rate of 5 C and excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 97.5% after 600 cycles at 5 C, which is the best performance of the SDIBs. Moreover, excellent flexibility and a wide working temperature range (−20 to 70 °C) have been realized for this battery, suggesting its potential for high‐performance flexible energy storage applications.
Bioinspired Triboelectric Nanogenerators as Self‐Powered Electronic Skin for Robotic Tactile Sensing
Authors: Yao Guo , Xu Liang , Cheng Xiaowen , Li Yangyang , Huang Xin , Guo Wei , Liu Shaoyu , Wang Zhong Lin , Wu Hao 
Published: November 2019

AbstractElectronic skin (e‐skin) has been under the spotlight due to great potential for applications in robotics, human–machine interfaces, and healthcare. Meanwhile, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have been emerging as an effective approach to realize self‐powered e‐skin sensors. In this work, bioinspired TENGs as self‐powered e‐skin sensors are developed and their applications for robotic tactile sensing are also demonstrated. Through the facile replication of the surface morphology of natural plants, the interlocking microstructures are generated on tribo‐layers to enhance triboelectric effects. Along with the adoption of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tinny burrs on the microstructured tribo‐surface, the sensitivity for pressure measurement is boosted with a 14‐fold increase. The tactile sensing capability of the TENG e‐skin sensors are demonstrated through the characterizations of handshaking pressure and bending angles of each finger of a bionic hand during handshaking with human. The TENG e‐skin sensors can also be utilized for tactile object recognition to measure surface roughness and discern hardness. The facile fabrication scheme of the self‐powered TENG e‐skin sensors enables their great potential for applications in robotic dexterous manipulation, prosthetics, human–machine interfaces, etc.
Ultrahigh Photocatalytic Rate at a Single‐Metal‐Atom‐Oxide
Authors: Wang Cong , Li Ang , Li Chong , Zhang Shengbai , Li Hui , Zhou Xiaoyuan , Hu Liming , Feng Yibo , Wang Kaiwen , Zhu Zhu , Shao Ruiwen , Chen Yanhui , Gao Peng , Mao Shengcheng , Huang Jun , Zhang Ze , Han Xiaodong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMetal oxides, as one of the mostly abundant and widely utilized materials, are extensively investigated and applied in environmental remediation and protection, and in energy conversion and storage. Most of these diverse applications are the result of a large diversity of the electronic states of metal oxides. Noticeably, however, many metal oxides present obstacles for applications in catalysis, mainly due to the lack of efficient active sites with desired electronic states. Here, the fabrication of single‐tungsten‐atom‐oxide (STAO) is demonstrated, in which the metal oxide's volume reaches its minimum as a unit cell. The catalytic mechanism in the STAO is determined by a new single‐site physics mechanism, named as quasi‐atom physics. The photogenerated electron transfer process is enabled by an electron in the spin‐up channel excited from the highest occupied molecular orbital to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital +1 state, which can only occur in STAO with W5+. STAO results in a record‐high and stable sunlight photocatalytic degradation rate of 0.24 s−1, which exceeds the rates of available photocatalysts by two orders of magnitude. The fabrication of STAO and its unique quasi‐atom photocatalytic mechanism lays new ground for achieving novel physical and chemical properties using single‐metal‐atom oxides (SMAO).
Side‐Viewing Endoscopic Raman Spectroscopy for Angle‐Resolved Analysis of Luminal Organs
Authors: Jayhooni Sayed Mohammad Hashem , Short Michael , Assadsangabi Babak , Hohert Geoffrey , Du Caigan , Zeng Haishan , Takahata Kenichi 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThere are many medical applications requiring angle‐resolved analysis of luminal organs. One example is lung cancer detection. Early diagnosis is the most effective way to tackle this disease. This, however, remains a challenge due to the lack of accurate detection technology. The problem is exacerbated in cases of peripheral lung cancer growing on narrow bronchi that are difficult to probe. Here, an endoscopic Raman spectroscopy device is demonstrated with a side‐viewing functionality that enables circumferential scanning spectral measurements inside thin conduits. A tubular micro rotary stepping actuator is custom‐designed and integrated with a Raman probe, for the first time, to scan a probing laser beam sideways for angle‐resolved local Raman analysis with no aid of tissue labeling, toward enabling detection of lesion‐induced biochemical changes in vivo and in real time. A microfabricated prototype is evaluated using test chemicals, harvested animal lung tissue ex vivo, as well as a murine colon model in situ and human skin in vivo. All the test results show excellent agreements with reported reference data while revealing >99% wavenumber accuracies. The study indicates that microactuator‐assisted endoscopic Raman spectroscopy is a promising technology for luminal tissue analysis and encourages further studies of its sensitivity in lesion detection.
Amide‐Directed Bay‐Region Two‐Step Annulative π‐Extension (APEX) of Biphenyls and Terphenyls with Diaryliodonium Salts: Efficient Access to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Peng Qiong , Zhang Wen , Zhao Ke , Du Yu , Feng Chun , Wang Bi‐Qin , Fang Dong‐Mei , Chen Xiao‐Zhen , Ni Hai‐Liang , Xiang Shi‐Kai 
Published: November 2019

AbstractAn amide‐directed bay‐region two‐step annulative π‐extension reaction of biphenyls and terphenyls with diaryliodonium salts has been developed. A variety of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be synthesized efficiently according to this approach, such as triphenylene, dibenzo[fg,op]tetracene, and tribenzo[fg,ij,rst]pentaphene derivatives.magnified image
Humidity Sensors Based on 3D Porous Polyelectrolytes via Breath Figure Method
Authors: Dai Jianxun , Zhao Hongran , Lin Xiuzhu , Liu Sen , Fei Teng , Zhang Tong 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA 3D porous P4VP film prepared via breath figure (BF) is used for quaternization to synthesize humidity‐sensitive polyelectrolytes. By combining the BF method, gaseous crosslinking, and screen‐printed electrodes, humidity sensors with good stability and a fast response to humidity change are obtained, thus making them possible for application in human breath monitoring. The water molecule adsorption of the porous polymer under different RHs is investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance. Cole–Cole plots and ionic conductivity change show that these devices function as humidity sensors under different humidity atmospheres.
Which Applicant Factors Predict Success in Emergency Medicine Training Programs? A Scoping Review
Authors: Yang Allen , Gilani Chris , Saadat Soheil , Murphy Linda , Toohey Shannon , Boysen‐Osborn Megan 
Published: November 2019

AbstractBackgroundProgram directors (PDs) in emergency medicine (EM) receive an abundance of applications for very few residency training spots. It is unclear which selection strategies will yield the most successful residents. Many authors have attempted to determine which items in an applicant’s file predict future performance in EM.ObjectivesThe purpose of this scoping review is to examine the breadth of evidence related to the predictive value of selection factors for performance in EM residency.MethodsThe authors systematically searched four databases and websites for peer‐reviewed and gray literature related to EM admissions published between 1992 and February 2019. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts for articles that met the inclusion criteria, according to the scoping review study protocol. The authors included studies if they specifically examined selection factors and whether those factors predicted performance in EM residency training in the United States.ResultsAfter screening 23,243 records, the authors selected 60 for full review. From these, the authors selected 15 published manuscripts, one unpublished manuscript, and 11 abstracts for inclusion in the review. These studies examined the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE), Standardized Letters of Evaluation, Medical Student Performance Evaluation, medical school attended, clerkship grades, membership in honor societies, and other less common factors and their association with future EM residency training performance.ConclusionsThe USMLE was the most common factor studied. It unreliably predicts clinical performance, but more reliably predicts performance on licensing examinations. All other factors were less commonly studied and, similar to the USMLE, yielded mixed results.
Quantitative comparison of flowering phenology traits among trees, perennial herbs, and annuals in a temperate plant community
Authors: Nagahama Ai , Yahara Tetsukazu 
Published: November 2019

PremiseFlowering phenology may differ among life forms due to the costs and benefits to attract pollinators, dependence on outcross pollination, and resource availability in their habitats. However, few studies have compared flowering phenology among life forms within a community and described flowering phenology at the individual, species, and community levels.MethodsWe recorded flowering events for individuals of insect‐pollinated trees, perennial herbs, and annuals from spring to summer of 2016 and 2017 in a warm‐temperate forest in Japan. To compare phenological variables including mean and variance of flowering length, we standardized the number of observed individuals for each species and tested differences in variables, considering the phylogenetic relationships among species.ResultsTotal flowering length in trees (9–50 d) was significantly shorter than perennial herbs (27–113 d) or annuals (22–89 d), but mean flowering length was not significantly different among them. Flowering length variance was significantly smaller and intraspecies synchrony significantly higher in trees than in perennial herbs and annuals. At the community level, flowering times largely overlapped among successively flowering species, but interspecies synchrony was positive for all life forms.ConclusionsShorter total flowering length and higher intraspecific synchrony in trees are explained by a modified pollinator attraction hypothesis suggesting that selection favors higher intraspecific synchrony because it promotes between‐individual movement of pollinators. At the community level, positive interspecific synchrony for all life forms supports the hypothesis that flowering times tend to converge among species.
Comparison of the Response to Rituximab between Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein and Aquaporin‐4 Antibody Diseases
Authors: Durozard Pierre , Rico Audrey , Boutiere Clémence , Maarouf Adil , Lacroix Romaric , Cointe Sylvie , Fritz Shirley , Brunet Corinne , Pelletier Jean , Marignier Romain , Audoin Bertrand 
Published: November 2019

ObjectiveTo compare response to rituximab (RTX) between adult patients positive for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) antibodies.MethodsWe prospectively studied adult patients with MOG or AQP4 antibodies who received RTX under an individualized dosing schedule adapted to the biological effect of RTX monitored by memory B‐cell measurement. Memory B cells were counted monthly and when relapse occurred. The biological effect of RTX was considered significant with <0.05% memory B cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes.ResultsIn 16 patients with MOG antibodies and 29 with AQP4 antibodies, mean follow‐up was 19 (range = 9–38) and 38 (13–79) months. Under RTX, 10 relapses occurred in 6 of 16 (37.5%) patients with MOG antibodies, and 13 occurred in 7 of 29 (24%) with AQP4 antibodies. The median time of relapse after the most recent infusion was 2.6 (0.6–5.8) and 7 (0.8–13) months, respectively (p < 0.001). Memory B cells had reemerged in 2 of 10 (20%) relapses in patients with MOG antibodies and 12 of 13 (92.5%) with AQP4 antibodies (p < 0.001).InterpretationIn AQP4 antibody–associated disorder, relapse mostly occurs when the biological effect of RTX decreases, which argues for treatment efficacy. In MOG antibody–associated disorder, the efficacy of RTX is not constant, because one‐third of patients showed relapse despite an effective biological effect of RTX. In this subpopulation, memory B‐cell depletion was unable to prevent relapse, which was probably caused by different immunological mechanisms. These findings should be used to improve treatment strategies for MOG antibody–associated disorder. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:256–266
Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Honeycomb CuP2@C in Molten ZnCl2 Salt for High‐Performance Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Zhiliang , Yang Shaolei , Sun Bingxue , Yang Piaoping , Zheng Jie , Li Xingguo 
Published: November 2019

AbstractPhosphorus‐rich metal phosphides have very high lithium storage capacities, but they are difficult to prepare. A low‐temperature phosphorization method based on Mg reducing PCl3 in ZnCl2 molten salt at 300 °C is developed to synthesize phosphorus‐rich CuP2@C from a Cu‐MOF derived Cu@C composite. Abnormal oxidation of Cu by Zn2+ in the molten salt is observed, which leads to the porous honeycomb nanostructure and homogeneously distributed ultrafine CuP2 nanocrystals. The honeycomb CuP2@C exhibits excellent lithium storage performance with high reversible capacity (1146 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1) and superior cycling stability (720 mAh g−1 after 600 cycles at 1.0 A g−1), showing the promising application of P‐rich metal phosphides in lithium ion batteries.
Carbon Dots as a Promising Green Photocatalyst for Free Radical and ATRP‐Based Radical Photopolymerization with Blue LEDs
Authors: Kütahya Ceren , Wang Ping , Li Shujun , Liu Shouxin , Li Jian , Chen Zhijun , Strehmel Bernd 
Published: November 2019

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) have been used for the first time as a sensitizer to initiate and activate free radical and controlled radical polymerization, respectively, based on an ATRP protocol with blue LEDs. Consideration of diverse heteroatom‐doped CDs indicated that N‐doped CDs could serve as an effective photocatalyst and photosensitizer in combination with LEDs emitting either at 405 nm or 470 nm. Free radical polymerization was initiated by combining the CDs with an iodonium or sulfonium salt in tri(propylene glycol) diacrylate. Polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) by photo‐induced ATRP was achieved with CDs and ethyl α‐bromophenylacetate using CuII as catalyst in the ppm range. The polymers obtained showed temporal control, narrower dispersity ≲1.5, and chain‐end fidelity. The first‐order kinetics and ON/OFF experiments additionally gave evidence of the constant concentration of polymer radicals. No remarkable cytotoxic activity was observed for the CDs, underlining their biocompatibility.
Amine‐Responsive Disassembly of AuI–CuI Double Salts for Oxidative Carbonylation
Authors: Cao Yanwei , Yang Jian‐Gong , Deng Yi , Wang Shengchun , Liu Qi , Shen Chaoren , Lu Wei , Che Chi‐Ming , Chen Yong , He Lin 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA sensitive amine‐responsive disassembly of self‐assembled AuI‐CuI double salts was observed and its utilization for the synergistic catalysis was enlightened. Investigation of the disassembly of [Au(NHC)2][CuI2] revealed the contribution of Cu‐assisted ligand exchange of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) by amine in [Au(NHC)2]+ and the capacity of [CuI2]− on the oxidative step. By integrating the implicative information coded in the responsive behavior and inherent catalytic functions of d10 metal complexes, a catalyst for the oxidative carbonylation of amines was developed. The advantages of this method were clearly reflected on mild reaction conditions and the significantly expanded scope (51 examples); both primary and steric secondary amines can be employed as substrates. The cooperative reactivity from Au and Cu centers, as an indispensable prerequisite for the excellent catalytic performance, was validated in the synthesis of (un)symmetric ureas and carbamates.
Microlayer and nanolayer tubing and piping via layer multiplication coextrusion. II. Rheologically mismatched systems
Authors: Schneider Tyler , Colton Mark F. , McCauley Kevin M. , Maia João 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTAn advanced technology, presented in Part 1, was utilized with a custom annular die to produce structures having 9–129 layers. Two material systems were chosen to produce layer structures of viscosity and elasticity stratified type both with/without the application of a rotating boundary wall within the annular land. A maximum rotation window for nine‐layer structures was determined to maintain the layer structure while minimizing the appearance of the weld lines and achieving concentric layers. ANSYS Polyflow was utilized in conjunction to study trilayered systems of generic material properties in stratified forms, along with replication of the experimental systems. Combination of experimental and simulation approaches herein are allowing for the achievement of high layer number, low layer thickness, systems in annular form for the first time. The continued development of this technology can lead to application areas of tubes/pipes with advanced properties such as optical filtering, pressure resistance, and permeation reduction. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 137, 48684.
PEDOT solid‐state polymer supercapacitor assembled with a KI‐doped gel polymer electrolyte
Authors: Gan Fangji , Xu Yuyu , Yang Huimin , Ren Zhe , Du Haiyan 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTSolid‐state polymer supercapacitors (SSP‐SCs) have vast potential for future development due to their compact, safe, environment‐friendly, and facile designing. Thus, prevalent researches have been explored in this area. In this article, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) SSP‐SCs were assembled by using poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/carbon paper (PEDOT/CP) as electrodes and polyvinyl alcohol/sulfuric acid/potassium iodide (PVA/H2SO4/KI) as the gel polymer electrolyte. The effect of KI content on the electrochemical performance of the SC was studied by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicated that the PEDOT SSP‐SC has excellent electrochemical properties when KI doping amount was 60 wt %. The introduction of KI increased the specific capacitance due to the improved ionic conductivity and additional pseudocapacitance reaction at the electrode–electrolyte interface. The PEDOT SSP‐SC showed high energy and power densities of 451.32 Wh kg−1 and 13.29 kW kg−1, respectively, as well as a specific capacitance of 352.59 F g−1 for a discharge current of 1 mA cm−2. In addition, after 1000 GCD cycles, the PVA/H2SO4/KI‐based PEDOT SSP‐SC showed capacitance retention of 74.08%. Therefore, the SC exhibits outstanding energy and power density and good cycle stability and has great potential to be used in high‐energy density equipment. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48723.