bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tesserae on Venus may preserve evidence of fluvial erosion
Authors: Khawja S. , Ernst R. E. , Samson C. , Byrne P. K. , Ghail R. C. , MacLellan L. M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractFluvial erosion is usually assumed to be absent on Venus, precluded by a high surface temperature of ~450 °C and supported by extensive uneroded volcanic flows. However, recent global circulation models suggest the possibility of Earth-like climatic conditions on Venus for much of its earlier history, prior to catastrophic runaway greenhouse warming. We observe that the stratigraphically oldest, geologically most complex units, tesserae, exhibit valley patterns morphologically similar to the patterns resulting from fluvial erosion on Earth. Given poor topographic resolution, we use an indirect technique to recognize valleys, based on the pattern of lava flooding of tesserae margins by adjacent plains volcanism. These observed valley patterns are attributed to primary geology, tectonic deformation, followed by fluvial erosion (and lesser wind erosion). This proposed fluvial erosion in tesserae provides support for climate models for a cool, wet climate on early Venus and could be an attractive research theme for future Venus missions.
Characterization of the pathoimmunology of necrotizing enterocolitis reveals novel therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Cho Steven X. , Rudloff Ina , Lao Jason C. , Pang Merrin A. , Goldberg Rimma , Bui Christine B. , McLean Catriona A. , Stock Magdalena , Klassert Tilman E. , Slevogt Hortense , Mangan Niamh E. , Cheng Wei , Fischer Doris , Gfroerer Stefan , Sandhu Manjeet K. , Ngo Devi , Bujotzek Alexander , Lariviere Laurent , Schumacher Felix , Tiefenthaler Georg , Beker Friederike , Collins Clare , Kamlin C. Omar F. , König Kai , Malhotra Atul , Tan Kenneth , Theda Christiane , Veldman Alex , Ellisdon Andrew M. , Whisstock James C. , Berger Philip J. , Nold-Petry Claudia A. , Nold Marcel F. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe, currently untreatable intestinal disease that predominantly affects preterm infants and is driven by poorly characterized inflammatory pathways. Here, human and murine NEC intestines exhibit an unexpected predominance of type 3/TH17 polarization. In murine NEC, pro-inflammatory type 3 NKp46−RORγt+Tbet+innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) are 5-fold increased, whereas ILC1 and protective NKp46+RORγt+ILC3 are obliterated. Both species exhibit dysregulation of intestinal TLR repertoires, with TLR4 and TLR8 increased, but TLR5-7 and TLR9-12 reduced. Transgenic IL-37 effectively protects mice from intestinal injury and mortality, whilst exogenous IL-37 is only modestly efficacious. Mechanistically, IL-37 favorably modulates immune homeostasis, TLR repertoires and microbial diversity. Moreover, IL-37 and its receptor IL-1R8 are reduced in human NEC epithelia, and IL-37 is lower in blood monocytes from infants with NEC and/or lower birthweight. Our results on NEC pathomechanisms thus implicate type 3 cytokines, TLRs and IL-37 as potential targets for novel NEC therapies.
Lithography-free IR polarization converters via orthogonal in-plane phonons in α-MoO3 flakes
Authors: Abedini Dereshgi Sina , Folland Thomas G. , Murthy Akshay A. , Song Xianglian , Tanriover Ibrahim , Dravid Vinayak P. , Caldwell Joshua D. , Aydin Koray 
Published: November 2020

AbstractExploiting polaritons in natural vdW materials has been successful in achieving extreme light confinement and low-loss optical devices and enabling simplified device integration. Recently, α-MoO3 has been reported as a semiconducting biaxial vdW material capable of sustaining naturally orthogonal in-plane phonon polariton modes in IR. In this study, we investigate the polarization-dependent optical characteristics of cavities formed using α-MoO3 to extend the degrees of freedom in the design of IR photonic components exploiting the in-plane anisotropy of this material. Polarization-dependent absorption over 80% in a multilayer Fabry-Perot structure with α-MoO3 is reported without the need for nanoscale fabrication on the α-MoO3. We observe coupling between the α-MoO3 optical phonons and the Fabry-Perot cavity resonances. Using cross-polarized reflectance spectroscopy we show that the strong birefringence results in 15% of the total power converted into the orthogonal polarization with respect to incident wave. These findings can open new avenues in the quest for polarization filters and low-loss, integrated planar IR photonics and in dictating polarization control.
CHD7 and 53BP1 regulate distinct pathways for the re-ligation of DNA double-strand breaks
Authors: Rother Magdalena B. , Pellegrino Stefania , Smith Rebecca , Gatti Marco , Meisenberg Cornelia , Wiegant Wouter W. , Luijsterburg Martijn S. , Imhof Ralph , Downs Jessica A. , Vertegaal Alfred C. O. , Huet Sébastien , Altmeyer Matthias , van Attikum Haico 
Published: November 2020

AbstractChromatin structure is dynamically reorganized at multiple levels in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Yet, how the different steps of chromatin reorganization are coordinated in space and time to differentially regulate DNA repair pathways is insufficiently understood. Here, we identify the Chromodomain Helicase DNA Binding Protein 7 (CHD7), which is frequently mutated in CHARGE syndrome, as an integral component of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DSB repair pathway. Upon recruitment via PARP1-triggered chromatin remodeling, CHD7 stimulates further chromatin relaxation around DNA break sites and brings in HDAC1/2 for localized chromatin de-acetylation. This counteracts the CHD7-induced chromatin expansion, thereby ensuring temporally and spatially controlled ‘chromatin breathing’ upon DNA damage, which we demonstrate fosters efficient and accurate DSB repair by controlling Ku and LIG4/XRCC4 activities. Loss of CHD7-HDAC1/2-dependent cNHEJ reinforces 53BP1 assembly at the damaged chromatin and shifts DSB repair to mutagenic NHEJ, revealing a backup function of 53BP1 when cNHEJ fails.
Characterization of neutralizing antibody with prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus monkeys
Authors: Wang Shuang , Peng Yun , Wang Rongjuan , Jiao Shasha , Wang Min , Huang Weijin , Shan Chao , Jiang Wen , Li Zepeng , Gu Chunying , Chen Ben , Hu Xue , Yao Yanfeng , Min Juan , Zhang Huajun , Chen Ying , Gao Ge , Tang Peipei , Li Gang , Wang An , Wang Lan , Zhang Jinchao , Chen Shuo , Gui Xun , Yuan Zhiming , Liu Datao 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEfficacious interventions are urgently needed for the treatment of COVID-19. Here, we report a monoclonal antibody (mAb), MW05, with SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity by disrupting the interaction of receptor binding domain (RBD) with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Crosslinking of Fc with FcγRIIB mediates antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) activity by MW05. This activity is eliminated by introducing the LALA mutation to the Fc region (MW05/LALA). Potent prophylactic and therapeutic effects against SARS-CoV-2 are observed in rhesus monkeys. A single dose of MW05/LALA blocks infection of SARS-CoV-2 in prophylactic treatment and clears SARS-CoV-2 in three days in a therapeutic treatment setting. These results pave the way for the development of MW05/LALA as an antiviral strategy for COVID-19.
Synergistic biodegradation of aromatic-aliphatic copolyester plastic by a marine microbial consortium
Authors: Meyer-Cifuentes Ingrid E. , Werner Johannes , Jehmlich Nico , Will Sabine E. , Neumann-Schaal Meina , Öztürk Başak 
Published: November 2020

AbstractThe degradation of synthetic polymers by marine microorganisms is not as well understood as the degradation of plastics in soil and compost. Here, we use metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics to study the biodegradation of an aromatic-aliphatic copolyester blend by a marine microbial enrichment culture. The culture can use the plastic film as the sole carbon source, reaching maximum conversion to CO2and biomass in around 15 days. The consortium degrades the polymer synergistically, with different degradation steps being performed by different community members. We identify six putative PETase-like enzymes and four putative MHETase-like enzymes, with the potential to degrade aliphatic-aromatic polymers and their degradation products, respectively. Our results show that, although there are multiple genes and organisms with the potential to perform each degradation step, only a few are active during biodegradation.
Machine learning with physicochemical relationships: solubility prediction in organic solvents and water
Authors: Boobier Samuel , Hose David R. J. , Blacker A. John , Nguyen Bao N. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractSolubility prediction remains a critical challenge in drug development, synthetic route and chemical process design, extraction and crystallisation. Here we report a successful approach to solubility prediction in organic solvents and water using a combination of machine learning (ANN, SVM, RF, ExtraTrees, Bagging and GP) and computational chemistry. Rational interpretation of dissolution process into a numerical problem led to a small set of selected descriptors and subsequent predictions which are independent of the applied machine learning method. These models gave significantly more accurate predictions compared to benchmarked open-access and commercial tools, achieving accuracy close to the expected level of noise in training data (LogS ± 0.7). Finally, they reproduced physicochemical relationship between solubility and molecular properties in different solvents, which led to rational approaches to improve the accuracy of each models.
Seasonal impact of grazing, viral mortality, resource availability and light on the group-specific growth rates of coastal Mediterranean bacterioplankton
Authors: Sánchez Olga , Ferrera Isabel , Mabrito Isabel , Gazulla Carlota R. , Sebastián Marta , Auladell Adrià , Marín-Vindas Carolina , Cardelús Clara , Sanz-Sáez Isabel , Pernice Massimo C. , Marrasé Cèlia , Sala M. Montserrat , Gasol Josep M. 
Published: November 2020

AbstractEstimation of prokaryotic growth rates is critical to understand the ecological role and contribution of different microbes to marine biogeochemical cycles. However, there is a general lack of knowledge on what factors control the growth rates of different prokaryotic groups and how these vary between sites and along seasons at a given site. We carried out several manipulation experiments during the four astronomical seasons in the coastal NW Mediterranean in order to evaluate the impact of grazing, viral mortality, resource competition and light on the growth and loss rates of prokaryotes. Gross and net growth rates of different bacterioplankton groups targeted by group-specific CARD-FISH probes and infrared microscopy (for aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs, AAP), were calculated from changes in cell abundances. Maximal group-specific growth rates were achieved when both predation pressure and nutrient limitation were experimentally minimized, while only a minimal effect of viral pressure on growth rates was observed; nevertheless, the response to predation removal was more remarkable in winter, when the bacterial community was not subjected to nutrient limitation. Although all groups showed increases in their growth rates when resource competition as well as grazers and viral pressure were reduced, Alteromonadaceae consistently presented the highest rates in all seasons. The response to light availability was generally weaker than that to the other factors, but it was variable between seasons. In summer and spring, the growth rates of AAP were stimulated by light whereas the growth of the SAR11 clade (likely containing proteorhodopsin) was enhanced by light in all seasons. Overall, our results set thresholds on bacterioplankton group-specific growth and mortality rates and contribute to estimate the seasonally changing contribution of various bacterioplankton groups to the function of microbial communities. Our results also indicate that the least abundant groups display the highest growth rates, contributing to the recycling of organic matter to a much greater extent than what their abundances alone would predict.
Integrated analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression profiles identified S100A9 as a potential biomarker in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Su Shasha , Kong Wenjie , Zhang Jing , Wang Xinguo , Guo Hongmei 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a prevalent relapsing-remitting inflammatory bowel disease whose pathogenetic mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, colonic biopsies samples from three UC patients treated in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and three healthy controls were obtained. The genome-wide mRNA and lncRNA expression of the samples were profiled through Agilent gene expression microarray. Moreover, the genome-wide DNA methylation dataset of normal and UC colon tissues was also downloaded from GEO for a collaborative analysis. Differential expression of lncRNA (DELs) and mRNAs (DEMs) in UC samples compared with healthy samples were identified by using limma Bioconductor package. Differentially methylated promoters (DMPs) in UC samples compared with controls were obtained through comparing the average methylation level of CpGs located at promoters by using t-test. Functional enrichment analysis was performed by the DAVID. STRING database was applied to the construction of gene functional interaction network. As a result, 2090 DEMs and 1242 DELs were screened out in UC samples that were closely associated with processes related to complement and coagulation cascades, osteoclast differentiation vaccinia, and hemorrhagic diseases. A total of 90 DEMs and 72 DELs were retained for the construction of functional network for the promoters of their corresponding genes were identified as DMPs. S100A9, HECW2, SOD3 and HIX0114733 showed high interaction degrees in the functional network, and expression of S100A9 was confirmed to be significantly elevated in colon tissues of UC patients compared with that of controls by qRT-PCR that was consistent with gene microarray analysis. These indicate that S100A9 could potentially be used as predictive biomarkers in UC.
MR1-restricted T cells: the new dawn of cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Zhiding , Wang Mengzhen , Chen Jinghong , Zhang Linlin , Zhang Li , Yu Li 
Published: November 2020

Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has recently undergone rapid development into a validated therapy for clinical use. The adoptive transfer of engineered autologous T cells, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, has been remarkably successful in patients with leukemia and lymphoma with cluster of differentiation (CD)19 expression. Because of the higher number of antigen choices and reduced incidence of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) than CAR-T cells, T cell receptor (TCR)-T cells are also considered a promising immunotherapy. More therapeutic targets for other cancers need to be explored due to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted recognition of TCR-T. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC), class I-related (MR1)-restricted T cells can recognize metabolites presented by MR1 in the context of host cells infected with pathogens. MR1 is expressed by all types of human cells. Recent studies have shown that one clone of a MR1-restricted T (MR1-T) cell can recognize many types of cancer cells without HLA-restriction. These studies provide additional information on MR1-T cells for cancer immunotherapy. This review describes the complexity of MR1-T cell TCR in diseases and the future of cancer immunotherapy.
Evaluation of Acoustic Analyses of Voice in Nonoptimized Conditions
Authors: van der Woerd Benjamin , Wu Min , Parsa Vijay , Doyle Philip C. , Fung Kevin 
Published: November 2020

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the fidelity and accuracy of a smartphone microphone and recording environment on acoustic measurements of voice.

Method

A prospective cohort proof-of-concept study. Two sets of prerecorded samples (a) sustained vowels (/a/) and (b) Rainbow Passage sentence were played for recording via the internal iPhone microphone and the Blue Yeti USB microphone in two recording environments: a sound-treated booth and quiet office setting. Recordings were presented using a calibrated mannequin speaker with a fixed signal intensity (69 dBA), at a fixed distance (15 in.). Each set of recordings (iPhone—audio booth, Blue Yeti—audio booth, iPhone—office, and Blue Yeti—office), was time-windowed to ensure the same signal was evaluated for each condition. Acoustic measures of voice including fundamental frequency (

f
o

), jitter, shimmer, harmonic-to-noise ratio (HNR), and cepstral peak prominence (CPP), were generated using a widely used analysis program (Praat Version 6.0.50). The data gathered were compared using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Two separate data sets were used. The set of vowel samples included both pathologic (
n
= 10) and normal (
n
= 10), male (
n
= 5) and female (
n
= 15) speakers. The set of sentence stimuli ranged in perceived voice quality from normal to severely disordered with an equal number of male (
n
= 12) and female (
n
= 12) speakers evaluated.

Results
The vowel analyses indicated that the jitter, shimmer, HNR, and CPP were significantly different based on microphone choice and shimmer, HNR, and CPP were significantly different based on the recording environment. Analysis of sentences revealed a statistically significant impact of recording environment and microphone type on HNR and CPP. While statistically significant, the differences across the experimental conditions for a subset of the acoustic measures (viz., jitter and CPP) have shown differences that fell within their respective normative ranges.

Conclusions
Both microphone and recording setting resulted in significant differences across several acoustic measurements. However, a subset of the acoustic measures that were statistically significant across the recording conditions showed small overall differences that are unlikely to have clinical significance in interpretation. For these acoustic measures, the present data suggest that, although a sound-treated setting is ideal for voice sample collection, a smartphone microphone can capture acceptable recordings for acoustic signal analysis.
The active lives of stars: A complete description of the rotation and XUV evolution of F, G, K, and M dwarfs
Authors: Johnstone C. P. , Bartel M. , Güdel M. 
Published: November 2020

Aims. We study the evolution of the rotation and the high energy X-ray, extreme ultraviolet (EUV), and Ly-α emission for F, G, K, and M dwarfs, with masses between 0.1 and 1.2 M⊙, and provide a freely available set of evolutionary tracks for use in planetary atmosphere studies.
Methods. We develop a physical rotational evolution model constrained by observed rotation distributions in young stellar clusters. Using rotation, X-ray, EUV, and Ly-α measurements, we derive empirical relations for the dependences of high energy emission on stellar parameters. Our description of X-ray evolution is validated using measurements of X-ray distributions in young clusters.
Results. A star’s X-ray, EUV, and Ly-α evolution is determined by its mass and initial rotation rate, with initial rotation being less important for lower mass stars. At all ages, solar mass stars are significantly more X-ray luminous than lower mass stars and stars that are born as rapid rotators remain highly active longer than those born as slow rotators. At all evolutionary stages, habitable zone planets receive higher X-ray and EUV fluxes when orbiting lower mass stars due to their longer evolutionary timescales. The rates of flares follow similar evolutionary trends with higher mass stars flaring more often than lower mass stars at all ages, though habitable zone planets are likely influenced by flares more when orbiting lower mass stars.
Conclusions. Our results show that single decay laws are insufficient to describe stellar activity evolution and highlight the need for a more comprehensive description based on the evolution of rotation that also includes the effects of short-term variability. Planets at similar orbital distances from their host stars receive significantly more X-ray and EUV energy over their lifetimes when orbiting higher mass stars. The common belief that M dwarfs are more X-ray and EUV active than G dwarfs is justified only when considering the fluxes received by planets with similar effective temperatures, such as those in the habitable zone.
Blutdruck bei Niereninsuffizienz
Authors: Zidek Walter 
Published: November 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Blutdruckbehandlung bei Niereninsuffizienz hat die beiden Ziele, unabhängig von der Nierenfunktion kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse zu verhindern und das Voranschreiten einer chronischen Niereninsuffizienz zu verlangsamen. Die Datenlage zur Festlegung eines Zielblutdruckwerts ist derzeit nicht befriedigend. Auch unter Berücksichtigung dieser Unsicherheit scheint es derzeit sinnvoll, bei Niereninsuffizienz einen Zielblutdruckwert von unter 130/80 mmHg anzustreben, sowohl bei nichtdiabetischen als auch bei diabetischen Patienten. Bei signifikanter Proteinurie ist möglicherweise auch ein niedrigerer Zielblutdruckwert sinnvoll.
Molecular Profiling of Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells in Comparison to Hepatocytes: Reflection on Which Cell Type Should Be the Target for Gene Therapy
Authors: El-Maarri Osman , Jamil Muhammad Ahmer , Oldenburg Johannes 
Published: November 2020

AbstractHuman factor VIII (FVIII), which deficiency leads to hemophilia A, is largely synthesized and secreted by the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). However, the characteristics of these cells that secrete FVIII are not well known. We have previously reported that based on genome-wide expression and CpG methylation profiling, LSECs have a distinct molecular profile that distinguishes them from other endothelial cells. Hepatocytes are targeted by gene therapy protocols to treat hemophilia A. However, the hepatocyte is not the natural site for FVIII synthesis and current gene therapy protocols are eliciting immune responses that require immune suppression with corticosteroid therapy in a fairly high proportion of patients over a significant period of time. Cellular stress because of ectopic FVIII expression and codon optimization are discussed as potential underlying mechanisms. Here, we highlight the molecular differences between LSECs and hepatocytes.
Die psychische Gesundheit von Pflegenden (Teil 1)
Authors: Wiederhold Dietmar 
Published: November 2020

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie individuelle psychische Gesundheit von Menschen wird v. a. durch das Vorhandensein von Stress beeinflusst. Stress gilt heutzutage als eine der größten Gefahren des 21. Jahrhunderts. Insbesondere Pflegeberufe erleben durch die zunehmende Arbeitsverdichtung und weitere Ursachen ein hohes Maß an Belastungen. Dennoch werden nicht alle Menschen, die Stress ausgesetzt sind, auch psychisch krank. Manche Menschen werden als resilient bezeichnet, das heißt, sie können erfolgreich mit belastenden Lebensumständen und negativen Stressfolgen umgehen. In dieser Artikelserie wird ausgehend von den Grundbegriffen (Teil 1) die psychische Gesundheit Pflegender (Teil 2) untersucht. Anhand von exemplarischen Methoden und einer gesundheitsförderlichen Perspektive werden anschließend in Teil 3 und Teil 4 der Serie effektive Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, wie Pflegende ihre individuellen Ressourcen und Kompetenzen im Bereich von Stressbewältigung und Resilienz stärken können.