bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep phylogeographic structure may indicate cryptic species within the Sparid genus Spondyliosoma
Authors: McKeown Niall J. , Gwilliam Michael P. , Healey Amy J.E. , Skujina Ilze , Potts Warren M. , Sauer Warwick H.H. , Shaw Paul W. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractTwo geographically nonoverlapping species are currently described within the sparid genus Spondyliosoma: Spondyliosoma cantharus (Black Seabream) occurring across Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic waters from NW Europe to Angola and S. emarginatum (Steentjie) considered endemic to southern Africa. To address prominent knowledge gaps this study investigated range‐wide phylogeographic structure across both species. Mitochondrial DNA sequences revealed deep phylogeographic structuring with four regionally partitioned reciprocally monophyletic clades, a Mediterranean clade and three more closely related Atlantic clades [NE Atlantic, Angola and South Africa (corresponding to S. emarginatum)]. Divergence and distribution of the lineages reflects survival in, and expansion from, disjunct glacial refuge areas. Cytonuclear differentiation of S. emarginatum supports its validity as a distinct species endemic to South African waters. However, the results also indicate that S. cantharus may be a cryptic species complex wherein the various regional lineages represent established/incipient species. A robust multilocus genetic assessment combining morphological data and detailing interactions among lineages is needed to determine the full diversity within Spondyliosoma and the most adequate biological and taxonomic status.
Widespread occurrence of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) throughout Greenland coastal waters
Authors: Nielsen Julius , Rosing‐Asvid Aqqalu , Meire Lorenz , Nygaard Rasmus 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUsing social media, the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources collected data on the occurrence of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in 2019. Eighty‐four pink salmon were reported from 22 locations across Greenland. This comprised 76 specimens from 2019 and 8 specimens from 2013 to 2018. Of these, 12 were caught in fresh water, and a single pink salmon was from the bottom of the Nuuk Fjord near the Kapisillit River – the only known river in Greenland where the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) spawn. It is unknown if pink salmon have reproduced in Greenland waters.
Comparison of the on‐treatment risks for hepatocellular carcinoma between entecavir and tenofovir: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Ha Ingyoon , Chung Jung Wha , Jang Eun Sun , Jeong Sook‐Hyang , Kim Jin‐Wook 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackground and AimEntecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) may reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, it is not clear whether there is difference in the on‐treatment HCC risks between ETV and TDF.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we compared the on‐treatment HCC incidence of ETV and TDF in 1340 consecutive nucleos(t)ide analog‐naïve CHB patients by propensity score (PS) matching analysis. PS was calculated by using age, sex, drinking history, diabetes, liver cirrhosis, hepatitis B e antigen positivity, hepatitis B virus DNA, hepatitis B s antigen titer, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alpha‐fetoprotein, albumin, bilirubin, prothrombin time, platelet count, and calendar year of treatment initiation as covariates. The HCC risk was assessed by Cox regression with death and liver transplantation as competing risks in the 1:1 PS‐matched cohorts (n = 596).ResultsTDF had higher cumulative virologic response (P = 0.027) whereas ETV showed higher AST and ALT normalization rates (P = 0.005 and < 0.001, respectively) in PS‐matched cohorts. HCC risk was similar between ETV and TDF, either by PS‐matching analysis (hazard ratio [HR] for TDF over ETV = 2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98–4.33, P = 0.058) or inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis (HR = 1.30, 95% CI = 0.81–2.10; P = 0.276).ConclusionsETV and TDF treatment was associated with similar risk for HCC development in CHB patients.
Two multinational, observational surveys investigating perceptions of beauty and attitudes and experiences relating to aesthetic medical procedures
Authors: Redaelli Alessio , Siddiqui Syed Sana , Liu Xierong , Poliziani Michele , Erbil Hakan , Prygova Inna , Atamanov Vasiliy 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundData on opinions and experiences of aesthetic medical procedures outside the United States and Western Europe are scarce.AimsThis study aimed to survey users and non‐users of aesthetic procedures in countries where this information is less readily available, to understand attitudes and perceptions relating to beauty.Patients/MethodsTwo independent internet‐based observational surveys were conducted. Survey 1: individuals from Colombia, Lebanon, Malaysia, Russia and Turkey who were ‘users’ or ‘non‐users’ of aesthetic medical procedures. Survey 2: individuals from Colombia, Russia, Thailand, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates who were ‘users’ of non‐surgical aesthetic treatments.ResultsSurveys 1 and 2 were completed by 300 and 160 individuals, respectively, most of whom were female (94.0% and 99%). Overall, respondents rated the eyes and smile as the most pleasing male and female facial features. Most participants (mean 82.6%; range 75%‐100%) believed maintaining a healthy lifestyle was important for ageing gracefully, and over one‐third (36.0%; 28%‐47%) believed men age more gracefully than women. The emphasis respondents placed on the importance of physical attributes vs inner feelings, internal beauty and self‐confidence varied between countries. Users were often more positive about aesthetic medical procedure outcomes than non‐users. Adequate information, good physician communication (including managing treatment expectations), treatment recommendations based on patient need and good aftercare improved treatment satisfaction.ConclusionsThe eyes and smile were key features of attractiveness, but maintaining a healthy lifestyle was consistently considered an important factor for ageing gracefully. Ensuring patients are well informed was a major determinant of treatment satisfaction.
A novel method for typing of cesarean scar pregnancy based on size of cesarean scar diverticulum and its significance in clinical decision‐making
Authors: Du Qinghua , Liu Guipeng , Zhao Wancheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimThere is currently no universally accepted method for typing of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) to guide the choice of treatment approach. We introduce a new method for typing CSP and investigate its clinical significance.MethodClinical data of 198 patients with CSP were collected and analyzed. The patients were divided into three types according to the size of their cesarean scar diverticula (CSD), measured by magnetic resonance imaging: type I (size of CSD ≤40 mm), type II (40 mm < size of CSD ≤70 mm) and type III (size of CSD >70 mm).ResultsWith increase in the type level, the risk of adverse events increased significantly (χ2 = 36.345, P = 0.000). There was a significant difference in the choice of the treatment approaches in various types of the patients (χ2 = 27.106, P = 0.000). With increase in the type level, the invasiveness level of the treatment approach increased significantly (R = 0.405, P = 0.000). Further analysis found two other factors that influenced treatment choice.ConclusionOur study, for the first time, demonstrates the value of size of CSD in typing of CSP and, thereby supplements the CSP typing system with a novel quantitative indicator. This typing method is of significance for evaluation of risk of CSP and guiding the choice of treatment approach. This typing method, combined with the two features of cesarean scar thickness and lesions protruding outside the uterine contour, will improve the risk assessment of CSP and the rationale of treatment plan formulation for this condition.
Effects of uterine artery occlusion during myomectomy on ovarian reserve: Serial follow‐up of sex hormone levels, ultrasound parameters and Doppler characteristics
Authors: Chen Wen‐Hsin , Huang Kuan‐Hui , Kung Fu‐Tsai 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of uterine artery occlusion at myomectomy (UAO + M) on ovarian reserve based on serum sex hormone levels, ultrasound and color Doppler examinations.MethodsIn this cohort study, nine women with symptomatic uterine myomas underwent UAO + M were recruited. Each woman was assessed preoperatively and 3, 6 months postoperatively, through a serial of hormonal, ultrasound parameters and Doppler examination for ovarian stromal blood flow. The data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations.ResultsThere was no significant difference in serum anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) or follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) levels before and 3, 6 months after UAO + M. The ovarian volume, antral follicle count (AFC) and ovarian stromal blood flow had significant changes in the right ovary. Ovarian volume and AFC significantly reduced at 3 months and recovered at 6 months postoperatively (P = 0.046, P = 0.019, respectively). Peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity significantly decreased at 3 months and leveled off at 6 months (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively). Resistance index significantly increased at 3 months and decreased at 6 months (P = 0.037). A similar trend in ultrasound and Doppler findings was observed in the left ovary, but no statistical significance was found.ConclusionUAO + M had no detrimental effect on ovarian reserve 6 months postoperatively based on AMH and FSH levels. AFC, ovarian volume and stromal blood flow were transiently decreased in 3 months and recovered in 6 months.
Paraoxonase‐1 activity evaluation as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in horses and foals
Authors: Ruggerone Beatrice , Paltrinieri Saverio , Giordano Alessia , Scavone Donatella , Nocera Irene , Rinnovati Riccardo , Spadari Alessandro , Scacco Licia , Pratelli Paola , Sgorbini Micaela 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundIn several species, paraoxonase‐1 (PON‐1) decreases during inflammation, because of the presence of oxidative stress; its measurement recently has been validated in horses, but its role as a clinical biomarker is unknown.ObjectivesTo evaluate sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratio of PON‐1 activity to identify systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)‐positive horses or horses with a poor prognosis.AnimalsOne hundred seventy‐two blood samples from 58 sick horses from 3 different veterinary hospitals.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, PON‐1 activity was measured upon admission and at 24‐hour intervals until discharge or death, and results were analyzed based on SIRS status and outcome.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was found in median PON‐1 activity between SIRS and non‐SIRS cases or between survivors and non‐survivors except for mares, in which PON‐1 activity was significantly lower in SIRS‐positive horses (P = .05). The sensitivity of PON‐1 activity in identifying horses with SIRS or negative outcome was low (0.0%‐46.2% depending on the examined group) but its specificity was high (87.0%‐100.0%). However, when PON‐1 is low, the likelihood of death is 2.40‐3.89 times higher than the likelihood of survival. Repeated measurement of PON‐1 after treatment does not predict outcome.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceEvaluation of PON‐1 activity in horses with inflammation might be advisable in the future, but only low activity at admission may be relevant in predicting SIRS or negative outcome.
Emergence of an evolutionary innovation: Gene expression differences associated with the transition between oviparity and viviparity
Authors: Foster Charles S. P. , Thompson Michael B. , Van Dyke James U. , Brandley Matthew C. , Whittington Camilla M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOur understanding of the evolution of complex biological traits is greatly advanced by examining taxa with intermediate phenotypes. The transition from oviparity (egg‐laying) to viviparity (live‐bearing) has occurred independently in many animal lineages, but there are few phenotypic intermediates. The lizard Saiphos equalis exhibits bimodal reproduction, with some viviparous populations, and other oviparous populations with long egg‐retention, a rare trait where most of embryonic development occurs inside the mother prior to late ovipositioning. We posit that oviparous S. equalis represent an intermediate form between “true” oviparity and viviparity. We used transcriptomics to compare uterine gene expression in these two phenotypes, and provide a molecular model for the genetic control and evolution of reproductive mode. Many genes are differentially expressed throughout the reproductive cycle of both phenotypes, which have clearly different gene expression profiles overall. The differentially expressed genes within oviparous and viviparous individuals have broadly similar biological functions putatively important for sustaining embryos, including uterine remodelling, respiratory gas and water exchange, and immune regulation. These functional similarities indicate either that long egg‐retention is an exaptation for viviparity, or might reflect parallel evolution of similar gravidity‐related changes in gene expression in long egg‐retention oviparity. In contrast, gene expression changes across the reproductive cycle of long egg‐retaining oviparous S. equalis are dramatically different from those of “true” oviparous skinks (such as Lampropholis guichenoti), supporting our assertion that oviparous S. equalis exhibit an intermediate phenotype between “true” oviparity and viviparity.
Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for Anopheles funestus group and Anopheles gambiae complex species
Authors: Kamber T. , Koekemoer L. L. , Mathis A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSpecies of the genus Anopheles vary with regard to their vector capacity for Plasmodium spp., the causative agent of malaria, and their accurate identification is often required. Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a rapid, simple and low‐cost method for specific DNA amplification. Primers for LAMP assays specific for the Anopheles funestus group and Anopheles gambiae complex species as well as for the species Anopheles arabiensis, An. funestus, An. gambiae s.s/Anopheles coluzzii (major vectors) and Anopheles rivulorum (minor vector) were designed targeting specific genome or rDNA internal transcribed spacer regions. Reaction conditions (buffer composition, primer concentrations, incubation time) were evaluated and the specificities of the assays confirmed with DNA from non‐target Anopheles species. DNA release from the mosquitoes is achieved simply by heating them for 5 min in water. An aliquot of the DNA solutions is transferred to the reaction tube using disposable inoculation loops. The outcome of the LAMP amplifications after 1 h incubation at 65 °C can easily be visualized by a colour change visible to the naked eye. The assays are operable under field conditions requiring only basic equipment (portable heat block programmable at 65 and 80 °C, cooler for master mixes).
Expert consensus on an open‐access United Nations International Multiple Micronutrient Antenatal Preparation–multiple micronutrient supplement product specification
Authors:   The Multiple Micronutrient Supplement Technical Advisory Group (MMS‐TAG),   The Micronutrient Forum (MNF)
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe multiple micronutrient supplement (MMS) based on the United Nations International Multiple Micronutrient Antenatal Preparation (UNIMMAP) formula provides women and their offspring with a healthy start to life in an efficacious, safe, and cost‐effective way. To date, however, no precise and transparent specifications exist to support the manufacturing and distribution of UNIMMAP–MMS globally. To palliate for this need, the MMS Technical Advisory Group at the New York Academy of Sciences and the Micronutrient Forum convened a technical consultation to develop an open access UNIMMAP–MMS Product Specification for the manufacturing of this product. The specifications offered in this paper cover: ingredients, excipients, and processing aids used in the manufacturing of UNIMMAP–MMS; stability studies recommended under different testing conditions and climatic zones; packaging considerations; manufacturing standards, including pharmacopeia standards, manufacturing practices, certificates of analysis, change control, and quality agreement; finished product specifications, including tablet characterization and purity, potency assay; analytical test methods; and storage and transportation requirements.
General health status of a sample of patients with burning mouth syndrome: A case–control study
Authors: de Pedro Miguel , López‐Pintor Rosa María , Casañas Elisabeth , Hernández Gonzalo 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship of burning mouth syndrome (BMS) with possible alterations in patients’ general health has been subject of study and controversy during the last years.ObjectiveTo analyse the general health status of patients with BMS, comparing it with a control group.MethodsA case–control study was conducted to compare the diseases, medications, blood test alterations, disturbances in general health, oral quality of life, xerostomia, sleep quality and psychological status between a group of 20 patients with BMS and a group of 40 patients who did not suffer from this disease.ResultsBMS patients suffered more comorbidities and consumed more medications than controls. More mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders in BMS patients were found, consuming more drugs for nervous and cardiovascular systems, and alimentary tract and metabolism. Lower levels of iron and higher levels of folic acid were found in BMS patients compared to controls. General health status, oral health impact, sleepiness, psychological status and xerostomia levels were also significantly worsened in BMS patients than in controls.ConclusionsBMS patients presented a worsened health status over controls suffering more comorbidities, consuming more medications and showing adverse results in all the health variables analysed in this study.
How permissive consent works
Authors: Schaber Peter 
Published: March 2020

AbstractConsent that is voluntary, informed and given by a competent person sometimes transforms a wrong into a right act. How does consent that meets these requirements change the moral property of an act, namely that of being a wronging of a person? This is the question this paper will deal with. Some authors argue that valid consent changes the moral property of an act by changing the reasons which speak against the act. This account of the normative force of consent will be critically examined and rejected. An alternative model will then be put forward and defended according to which consent changes the moral property of an act if and only if the wrong‐making property of the act is that it is not consented to. The upshot will be that consent does not eliminate the wrong‐making property if the unconsented act is wrong for other reasons than not being consented to.
Women and Buddhism in East Asian history: The case of the Blood Bowl Sutra, Part II: Japan
Authors: Meeks Lori 
Published: March 2020

AbstractPart II turns to Japan, the other major East Asian region where beliefs and practices related to blood hells became commonplace, especially in the early modern period. This article traces Japanese reception of cults to the Blood Bowl Sutra, examining the particular ways in which blood hell cults developed there. As was the case in China, Japanese cults to the Blood Bowl Sutra often emphasized postmortem care for women and were disseminated largely through entertaining storytelling traditions. The cult also came to be associated, as it had been in China, with rites for safe childbirth. After examining the cults' historical development in Japan, this article will consider some of the larger insights made possible through a broadly conceived comparison of Chinese and Japanese cults to the blood hells.
A case series of inactivated Japanese encephalitis virus vaccination associated with positive West Nile virus blood donor screening nucleic acid tests
Authors: Drews Steven J. , Makowski Kai , Wood Heidi , Dimitrova Kristina , Yan Matthew T.S. , Young Dale , Skeate Robert , Ng Michiko , Hawes Gordon , Fearon Margaret , Bigham Mark 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWest Nile Virus (WNV) is a member of the Japanese Encephalitis (JE) serocomplex within the Flaviviridae family. We report four whole blood donors and one plasma donor with WNV nucleic acid test (NAT)‐reactive donations between September 2018 and November 2019, following recent Japanese Encephalitis virus (JEV) vaccination.CASE SERIESCases 1 and 4 had reactive WNV NAT donations 1 day after receiving the JEV vaccine. Case 2 had a reactive WNV donation 3 days after receiving the JEV vaccine. Case 3 had a reactive WNV NAT donation 3 days after returning from Arizona and 1 day after receiving the JEV vaccine. Case 5 had a reactive WNV donation the same day as receiving the JEV vaccine.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWNV screening used the Roche cobas WNV nucleic acid test (NAT) (Roche Molecular Systems). Reference testing on WNV‐reactive donations was carried out by the National Microbiology Laboratory (NML). JEV vaccine dilutions were also analyzed.RESULTSSupplemental NAT was negative for WNV and JEV for Cases 1, 3, and 5. Case 2 had a weak amplification curve for one of two JEV NAT targets. Case 4 was JEV NAT‐positive, WNV NAT‐negative. Serologic testing on donation specimens for Cases 2, 4, and 5 did not support recent or remote WNV infection. JEV vaccine dilutions were detected by both cobas and supplemental NAT.CONCLUSIONSWe recommend implementing a temporary blood donor deferral following a JEV vaccination, if screening utilizes a WNV assay with the capability of detecting other members of the JE serocomplex.
The use of coagulation factor concentrates for perioperative bleeding management – a global perspective
Authors: Grottke Oliver , Callum Jeannie , Cushing Melissa M. , Haas Thorsten 
Published: March 2020

KEY IDEAS
The use of purified, pathogen‐reduced coagulation factor concentrates instead of a ratio‐driven transfusion protocol using plasma, platelets, or cryoprecipitate may offer a faster, safer, and more specific approach to significantly increase the concentration of coagulation factors in bleeding patients.
Available products, on‐label indications, price, and approach to laboratory monitoring differ considerably worldwide.
Although evidence regarding optimal thresholds and dose of coagulation factor concentrates to treat massive perioperative bleeding is still limited, recently multiple high‐quality published trials with promising results have been published globally.