bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Static and semistatic hedging as contrarian or conformist bets
Authors: Boyarchenko Svetlana , Levendorskiĭ Sergei 
Published: March 2020

AbstractIn this paper, we argue that, once the costs of maintaining the hedging portfolio are properly taken into account, semistatic portfolios should more properly be thought of as separate classes of derivatives, with nontrivial, model‐dependent payoff structures. We derive new integral representations for payoffs of exotic European options in terms of payoffs of vanillas, different from the Carr–Madan representation, and suggest approximations of the idealized static hedging/replicating portfolio using vanillas available in the market. We study the dependence of the hedging error on a model used for pricing and show that the variance of the hedging errors of static hedging portfolios can be sizably larger than the errors of variance‐minimizing portfolios. We explain why the exact semistatic hedging of barrier options is impossible for processes with jumps, and derive general formulas for variance‐minimizing semistatic portfolios. We show that hedging using vanillas only leads to larger errors than hedging using vanillas and first touch digitals. In all cases, efficient calculations of the weights of the hedging portfolios are in the dual space using new efficient numerical methods for calculation of the Wiener–Hopf factors and Laplace–Fourier inversion.
Immigrant self‐employment and local unemployment in Sweden
Authors: Miao Chizheng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between the local unemployment rate and immigrant self‐employment entry decision. The study uses Swedish population register data at the individual level and the annual unemployment rate data at the local labour market level over the time period of 1996–2007. The paper finds that the local unemployment rate is negatively correlated with the probability of entering into self‐employment for natives and immigrants who are not from the Middle East. Compared with natives, Middle Eastern immigrants are more likely to enter into self‐employment when local unemployment rate increases. Furthermore, the magnitude of the impact of the local unemployment rate on women's self‐employment entry is quantitatively smaller than that of men, indicating the less important role of economic conditions in determining women's decision to enter self‐employment.
Today's doctors: What do men and women value in a training post?
Authors: Scanlan Gillian , Johnston Peter , Walker Kim , Skåtun Diane , Cleland Jennifer 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesRecent studies suggest that traditional male‐female differences may be changing in terms of what is valued in a medical career but there have been no studies directly quantifying the relationship between gender and stated career‐related preferences. To address this gap, we examined the differences between male and female doctors in terms of the strength of their work‐related preferences at the point of eligibility to enter residency or specialty training in the UK.MethodsThis was a quantitative study using a survey incorporating a discrete choice experiment (DCE). Respondents were asked a series of questions in which they had to choose between two or more scenarios, differing in terms of attributes. The attributes were: location; familiarity with specialty; culture of the working and learning environment; earnings; working conditions, and opportunities for professional development. The main outcome measure was willingness to accept compensation to forgo a desirable attribute within a training position. Conditional logistic regression models were run separately for males and females.ResultsA total of 5005 out of 6890 (73%) Foundation Year 2 doctors completed the DCE. The relative value of each attribute was similar for males and females, with location most valued and familiarity with the specialty least valued. There was a pattern of female respondents valuing the move between the best and worst levels of each training attribute more than men, and significantly more than men in respect of the importance of working culture.ConclusionsThis study adds to existing knowledge in terms of quantifying gendered values in respect of training or residency preferences. That men value a supportive working culture significantly less than women is well established. However, our findings that location, working conditions and working culture are increasingly important to both men and women, suggests that traditional gender norms may be changing. This intelligence can inform gender‐responsive workforce planning and innovation, and future research.
Species distribution of the main aetiologic agents causing skin dermatophytosis in Colombian patients: A 23‐year experience at a Mycological Reference Center
Authors: Carrascal‐Correa Daniel Fernando , Zuluaga Alejandra , González Angel 
Published: March 2020

SummaryBackgroundDermatophytosis is one of the most frequent superficial mycoses in the world.Main aimTo describe the cases of skin dermatophytosis and its main aetiologic agents in patients referred to a Mycological Reference Laboratory in Medellín, Colombia.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out with records of patients referred between 1994 and 2016 to the Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Medellín‐Colombia, because of clinical suspicion of skin dermatophytosis.ResultsOf a total of 5628 clinical records of patients with suspicion of skin dermatophytosis analysed, 2780 (49.4%) had a proven or probable dermatophytosis diagnosis, 2774 cultures were performed, and aetiologic agents were isolated in 2576 samples (92.9%). The most frequently isolated aetiologic agents were Trichophyton rubrum (44.3%), followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex (33.3%), Epidermophyton floccosum (12.4%), Nannizzia gypseum complex (5.7%, formerly Microsporum gypseum), Microsporum canis (3.5%) and Trichophyton tonsurans (0.8%). The most frequent clinical forms were tinea pedis (72.7%) and tinea corporis (12.7%). In addition, a group of patients (0.9%) developed mixed infections by two dermatophyte agents and another (4.1%) developed infections in more than one anatomical site.ConclusionsThe results of the present study are coherent with previous reports where T rubrum and T mentagrophytes complex were the main causative agents of dermatophytosis. However, the increased incidence of N gypsea complex over M canis is worth highlighting.
Mediators of socioeconomic inequalities in dietary behaviours among youth: A systematic review
Authors: Mekonnen Teferi , Havdal Hanne Hennig , Lien Nanna , O'Halloran Siobhan Anne , Arah Onyebuchi A. , Papadopoulou Eleni , Gebremariam Mekdes Kebede 
Published: March 2020

SummaryChildren and adolescents with a lower socioeconomic position have poorer dietary behaviours compared to their counterparts with a higher socioeconomic position. A better understanding of the mechanisms behind such socioeconomic inequalities is vital to identify targets for interventions aimed at tackling these inequalities. This systematic review aimed to summarize existing evidence regarding the mediators of socioeconomic differences in dietary behaviours among youth. A systematic literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases yielded 20 eligible studies. The dietary behaviours included in the reviewed studies were the intake of fruit and vegetables, sugar‐sweetened beverages, unhealthy snacks/fast food and breakfast. The consistent mediators of the effects of socioeconomic position on dietary behaviours among youth were: self‐efficacy, food preferences and knowledge at the intrapersonal level; and availability and accessibility of food items at home, food rules and parental modelling at the interpersonal level. Few studies including mediators at the organisational, community or policy levels were found. Our review found several modifiable factors at the intrapersonal and interpersonal levels that could be targeted in interventions aimed at combating inequalities in dietary behaviours among youth. Rigorous studies exploring organisational, community and policy level mediators are warranted.
3D soft‐tissue evaluation of a Class III treatment with rapid maxillary expander and face mask in pre‐pubertal phase—A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Krneta Đokić Bojana , Zhurov Alexei , Richmond Stephen , Verdenik Ivan , Ovsenik Maja 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this prospective controlled study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the rapid maxillary expander (RME) and face mask treatment using three‐dimensional soft‐tissue facial characteristics of pre‐pubertal Class III children.Setting and Sample PopulationCLIII and non‐CLIII groups, both of 32 white children aged 6‐8 years participated.Material and MethodsFacial surface images were obtained using stereophotogrammetry at T0 and T1 and were superimposed. Landmark‐based and surface‐based facial parameters were measured, and group differences were quantified (ANOVA; P ≥ .05).ResultsCLIII children had less mid‐face prominence, shorter lower facial height and protruded mandible when compared to non‐CLIII children at T0. At T1, the differences between the groups were not statistically significant, indicating successful correction. After the RME/face mask treatment, the n‐sn and sn‐pg distances increased by 1.5 mm and 2.2 mm, respectively. The distance from sn to the n‐pg line increased by 1 mm, the n‐sn‐pg angle decreased by almost 2°. Pogonion moved downward by 2.5 mm and posteriorly by 3 mm. The surface‐based measurements between the groups after treatment showed anterior movement in the mid‐face region and the upper lip region. The lower lip and chin region moved posteriorly in the CLIII group and anteriorly in the non‐CLIII group.ConclusionsAfter RME/face mask treatment, the lower facial height increased, the maxilla moved anteriorly, and the mandible moved posteriorly. Consequently, CLIII children reached the respective values of the non‐CLIII children, indicating a harmonious facial appearance of CLIII children. The results have been obtained using non‐invasive technique.
Stress‐ and pathway‐specific impacts of impaired jasmonoyl‐isoleucine (JA‐Ile) catabolism on defense signalling and biotic stress resistance
Authors: Marquis Valentin , Smirnova Ekaterina , Poirier Laure , Zumsteg Julie , Schweizer Fabian , Reymond Philippe , Heitz Thierry 
Published: March 2020

AbstractJasmonate synthesis and signalling are essential for plant defense upregulation upon herbivore or microbial attacks. Stress‐induced accumulation of jasmonoyl‐isoleucine (JA‐Ile), the bioactive hormonal form triggering transcriptional changes, is dynamic and transient because of the existence of potent removal mechanisms. Two JA‐Ile turnover pathways operate in Arabidopsis, consisting in cytochrome P450 (CYP94)‐mediated oxidation and deconjugation by the amidohydrolases IAR3/ILL6. Understanding their impacts was previously blurred by gene redundancy and compensation mechanisms. Here we address the consequences of blocking these pathways on jasmonate homeostasis and defenses in double‐2ah, triple‐3cyp mutants, and a quintuple‐5ko line deficient in all known JA‐Ile‐degrading activities. These lines reacted differently to either mechanical wounding/insect attack or fungal infection. Both pathways contributed additively to JA‐Ile removal upon wounding, but their impairement had opposite impacts on insect larvae feeding. By contrast, only the ah pathway was essential for JA‐Ile turnover upon infection by Botrytis, yet only 3cyp was more fungus‐resistant. Despite building‐up extreme JA‐Ile levels, 5ko displayed near‐wild‐type resistance in both bioassays. Molecular analysis indicated that restrained JA‐Ile catabolism resulted in enhanced defense/resistance only when genes encoding negative regulators were not simultaneously overstimulated. This occurred in discrete stress‐ and pathway‐specific combinations, providing a framework for future defense‐enhancing strategies.
Risk factors and intraoral breast milk application for methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in surgical neonates
Authors: Inoue Mikihiro , Uchida Keiichi , Nagano Yuka , Matsushita Kohei , Koike Yuhki , Otake Kohei , Okita Yoshiki , Toiyama Yuji , Araki Toshimitsu , Kusunoki Masato 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundOur previous study identified methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization as an independent risk factor for neonatal surgical site infection. Here we introduce intraoral breast milk application (IBMA) during a fasting state to prevent MRSA colonization. We aimed to evaluate both the risk factors for MRSA colonization and the efficacy of IBMA in neonatal surgical patients.MethodsA retrospective review was performed using admission data from 2007 to 2016. Neonatal patients who underwent surgery and were tested periodically for MRSA colonization were evaluated for an association between MRSA colonization and perinatal or perioperative factors.ResultsThe overall incidence of MRSA colonization for the 159 patients enrolled in this study was 16.4%. Univariate analysis showed that MRSA colonization was significantly more frequent in the following patients: those with Down syndrome, those admitted on their day of birth, those in need of fasting immediately after birth, and those not receiving IBMA. Multivariate analysis showed that comorbid Down syndrome was an independent risk factor (hazard ratio: 4.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.2–19.5, P = 0.03) and implementation of IBMA was an independent preventive factor for MRSA colonization (hazard ratio: 0.4; 95% confidence interval: 0.1–0.9, P = 0.04). MRSA‐positive patients admitted significantly earlier and stayed longer preoperatively than MRSA‐negative patients.ConclusionsIn neonates undergoing surgery, and patients with Down syndrome, early diagnosis after birth and a long waiting period before operation may be associated with MRSA colonization. Intraoral breast milk application may be beneficial for preventing MRSA colonization.
Airway stenting: Technological advancements and its role in interventional pulmonology
Authors: Guibert Nicolas , Saka Hideo , Dutau Hervé 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTAS offers rapid and sustained relief of symptoms in most patients treated for malignant or benign CAO and can also be curative in itself in cases of benign tracheobronchial stenosis. In the past 30 years, this field has seen significant progress, from the misuse of vascular non‐covered metallic stents to the development of silicone airway stents with an increasingly large panel of shapes and of hybrid, partially or fully covered, SEMS customized to the airways. This study aims to offer an overview on: (i) the respective advantages and drawbacks of these two main categories of devices; (ii) the main indications for AS and the rationale behind the choice of stent in each situation; and (iii) the main promises borne from the progress made in the field in the past few years, including the development of drug‐eluting, biodegradable or patient‐specific customized AS.
A note on risk and value from an underutilized dataset: Consolidated disclosures
Authors: Scordis Nicos 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThis essay highlights an underutilized source of data in insurance research: The consolidated data insurance holding companies disclose in Form 10‐K to their investors. A reinsurance example demonstrates that using consolidated data, as a complement to individual company statutory data, has the potential to extend insights gleaned from statutory data alone. Consolidated data, however, is limited to publicly traded insurers.
Experimental studies on computed tomographic peritoneography. Peritoneal and residual renal function tolerance to iodinated contrast media injected into the peritoneal cavity
Authors: Bai Jiao , Dong Jing , Shu Jian , Xu Yang , Ding Wenfei , Chen Jing 
Published: March 2020

AbstractComputed tomographic (CT) peritoneography has been widely used as reference standard to evaluate continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis‐related complications. However, given the varying CT peritoneography approaches used across different institutions, there is no standard value for non‐ionic iodinated contrast media (ICM) concentration. Few studies have currently investigated whether non‐ionic iodinated contrast media (non‐ionic ICM) affects peritoneal function or residual renal function (RRF). This study aimed to determine whether different non‐ionic ICM concentrations affect peritoneum and RRF and attempted to evaluate CT peritoneography images to identify the optimal non‐ionic ICM concentrations in animals. To this end, 25 male Sprague‐Dawley rats were used to establish uraemic models, after which they were injected with a 40‐mL mixture of peritoneal dialysate and iohexol at varying concentrations prior to CT peritoneography. Thereafter, two experienced radiologists blinded to the rat groupings evaluated image quality, peritoneal morphology and thickness were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining, and RRF was evaluated using serum creatinine levels hematoxylin and eosin staining of pathological kidney sections. Briefly, non‐ionic ICM had negligible effects on the peritoneum and RRF. Our results suggest that a mixture containing 50 mL (350 mgI/mL) iohexol/2 L peritoneal dialysate can be used as reference in rats.
Ethnic hair: Thermoanalytical and spectroscopic differences
Authors: Oliver Marc A. , Coderch Luisa , Carrer Victor , Barba Clara , Marti Meritxell 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to characterize and detect the possible differences among the hair of three different ethnicities: African, Asiatic and Caucasian.Materials and MethodsThe differences in water adsorption/desorption behaviour of hairs were studied using a thermogravimetric balance and compared with the analysis of the lipid distribution and order using synchrotron‐based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Besides, the thermal thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses on human hair were executed.ResultsDifferences in the diffusion coefficients were evidenced. African hair exhibited increased permeability. Caucasian hair displayed a higher water absorption capability with increasing humidity but with a slow diffusion rate. The Asian fibre appeared to be more resistant to hydration changes. The spectroscopic analysis showed notable differences in the cuticle lipids. The African cuticle exhibited more lipids with a lower order bilayer. The outmost layer of Caucasian fibres contained more ordered lipids, and the Asian fibres show a very low level of lipids on the cuticle region. The DSC results indicate no difference in the thermal stability and TG showed higher water content in the Caucasian fibre and a possible lower cysteine disulphide bond content in the African hair matrix.ConclusionThe triple approach demonstrated the permeability differences among the ethnic fibres and their correlation with the properties of their cuticle lipids. These differences could have particular relevance to the hair care cosmetic market.
Aqueous tear assessment in dogs: Impact of cephalic conformation, inter‐test correlations, and test‐retest repeatability
Authors: Bolzanni Hellen , Oriá Arianne P. , Raposo Ana Claudia S. , Sebbag Lionel 
Published: March 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize diagnostic findings, test‐retest repeatability, and correlations among lacrimal tests in dogs of diverse cephalic conformations.Animal studiedFifty healthy dogs (25 brachycephalic, 25 nonbrachycephalic).ProceduresA series of diagnostics were performed in each dog, allowing for a 10‐minute interval between tests and repeating each test 24 hours later under similar conditions: corneal tactile sensation (CTS), strip meniscometry test (SMT), phenol red thread test (PRTT), endodontic absorbent paper point tear test (EAPPTT), Schirmer tear test‐1 without (STT‐1) or with nasolacrimal stimulation (NL‐STT1), and Schirmer tear test‐2 (STT‐2).ResultsMean ± SD test values were lower in brachycephalic vs. nonbrachycephalic dogs (except for SMT; 7.4 ± 2.0 mm/5 seconds vs 7.3 ± 2.4 mm/5 seconds), with statistically significant differences noted for CTS (1.8 ± 0.5 cm vs 3.4 ± 0.8 cm), PRTT (37.2 ± 4.0 mm/15 seconds vs 41.1 ± 5.5 mm/15 seconds), STT‐1 (20.1 ± 3.4 mm/min vs 23.3 ± 5.7 mm/min), STT‐2 (13.0 ± 3.4 mm/min vs 16.9 ± 3.9 mm/min), and NL‐STT1 (23.2 ± 3.6 mm/min vs 27.1 ± 5.4 mm/min), and nonsignificant differences for EAPPTT (16.6 ± 2.7 mm/15 seconds vs 17.5 ± 2.9 mm/15 seconds). Nasolacrimal stimulation increased STT‐1 values by 18% on average. Correlations among tests were generally weak to moderate (r < .70) except for a strong correlation between STT‐1 and NL‐STT1 (r = .83, P < .001). Test reliability was good although test‐retest repeatability was generally poor to moderate, as depicted by low intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC ≤ 0.75) and wide 95% limits of agreement, except for CTS (ICC = 0.91).ConclusionsCorneal sensitivity and aqueous tear secretion are lower in brachycephalic dogs. A comprehensive assessment of the ocular surface requires the combination of several diagnostic tests. The nasolacrimal reflex may provide a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool in dogs.
Causative factors influencing epizoochorous dispersal of weed seeds by sheep and associated carcass contamination in southern Australia
Authors: Kelly Jane E. , Quinn Jane C. , Nielsen Sharon G. , Weston Paul , Broster John C. , Weston Leslie A. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractHordeum spp. (barley grass) and Bromus spp. (brome grass) are annual weed species that achieve long‐distance seed dispersal via attachment to sheep, but also lead to sheep carcass damage due to the penetration of seeds into animal tissues. Range expansion of invasive weed populations predicted as a consequence of climate change may be associated with an increase in seed contamination incidence globally. An examination of Australian abattoir data (2006–2012), along with recent weed distribution patterns, indicates carcass contamination was associated with rainfall and abundance of key annual grass weeds, primarily Bromus spp. and Hordeum spp., although other factors may play a contributing role. Significant differences in seed contamination in slaughtered sheep were noted between states and regions, with widespread contamination occurring throughout all agro‐ecological zones. Abattoir, sheep age and sex significantly influenced incidence, with contamination highest in adult males. Incidence increased with mean monthly rainfall, but declined with mean elevation, and significant interactions were noted between mean monthly temperature and state, and between mean elevation and year. Results show the need for vigilant recording of seed injuries in sheep to enhance weed surveillance efforts and effective integrated weed management of contributing annual grass weeds.