bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ramgarh, Rajasthan, India: A 10 km diameter complex impact structure
Authors: Kenkmann Thomas , Wulf Gerwin , Agarwal Amar 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Ramgarh structure is a morphological landmark in southeastern Rajasthan, India. Its 200 m high and 3.5–4 km wide annular collar has provoked many hypotheses regarding its origin, including impact. Here, we document planar deformation features, planar fractures, and feather features in quartz grains of the central part of the Ramgarh structure, which confirm its impact origin. The annular collar does not mark the crater rim but represents the outer part of a central uplift of an approximately 10 km diameter complex impact structure. The apparent crater rim is exposed as a low‐angle normal fault and can be traced as lineaments in remote sensing imagery. The central uplift shows a stratigraphic uplift of ~1000 m and is rectangular in shape. It is dissected by numerous faults that are co‐genetic with the formation of the central uplift. The central uplift has a bilateral symmetry along an SW‐NE axis, where a large strike‐slip fault documents a strong horizontal shear component. This direction corresponds to the assumed impact trajectory from the SW toward the NE. The uprange sector is characterized by concentric reverse faults, whereas radial faults dominate downrange. Sandstones of the central uplift are infiltrated by Fe‐oxides and suggest an impact‐induced hydrothermal mineralization overprint. The impact may have occurred into a shallow water environment as indicated by soft‐sediment deformation features, observed near the apparent crater rim, and the deposition of a diamictite layer above them. Gastropods embedded in the diamictite have Middle Jurassic age and may indicate the time of the impact.
Paediatric intensive care follow‐up provision in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland
Authors: Manning Joseph C. , Scholefield Barnaby R. , Popejoy Emma , Dodds Elizabeth , Latour Jos M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine the characteristic, content, and role of Paediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) in the provision of follow‐up for children and their families' post‐intensive care discharge in the United Kingdom (UK) and Republic of Ireland (RoI). The study followed a descriptive self‐reported, web‐based survey design. “In‐hospital PICU follow‐up” was defined as follow‐up delivered by the PICU team following PICU discharge but before hospital discharge and “post‐discharge PICU follow‐up” was defined as follow‐up delivered by the PICU team following hospital discharge. The survey was administered to all 28 PICUs in the UK and RoI. Paediatric intensive care medical directors or delegated individuals participated. Data were collected between September 2017 and January 2018 with a response rate of 79% (n = 22/28). Twelve units provided either in‐hospital and/or post‐discharge PICU follow‐up. Ten (45%) PICUs reported providing in‐hospital follow‐up, with half (n = 5) using an eligibility criteria for in‐hospital follow‐up, which related to disease groups. The most frequently reported form of in‐hospital PICU follow‐up consisted of face‐to‐face patient consultation (n = 8) by a PICU doctor (n = 5) and/or nurse (n = 4). The time at which initial contact was made was usually not predetermined (n = 4) and the assessment of care needs included are tracheostomy care (n = 4), respiratory care (n = 4), and sedative medication weaning plan (n = 5). Four PICUs reported to provide post‐discharge follow‐up. This involved telephone (n = 2), follow‐up clinic consultations (n = 1) or home visits (n = 1), provided predominantly by PICU doctors (n = 2), with their activity directed by patient needs (n = 3). Despite increasing evidence to suggest PICU survivors and their families experience negative sequalae post‐PICU discharge, less than half of PICUs surveyed provide in‐hospital follow‐up and only a minority provide post‐discharge follow‐up. There is variation in the delivery, content, and format of in‐hospital and post‐discharge PICU follow‐up in the UK and RoI.
The root‐invading pathogen Fusarium oxysporum targets pattern‐triggered immunity using both cytoplasmic and apoplastic effectors
Authors: Tintor Nico , Paauw Misha , Rep Martijn , Takken Frank L. W. 
Published: April 2020

Summary

Plant pathogens use effector proteins to promote host colonisation. The mode of action of effectors from root‐invading pathogens, such as Fusarium oxysporum (Fo), is poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether Fo effectors suppress pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI), and whether they enter host cells during infection.

Eight candidate effectors of an Arabidopsis‐infecting Fo strain were expressed with and without signal peptide for secretion in Nicotiana benthamiana and their effect on flg22‐triggered and chitin‐triggered reactive oxidative species (ROS) burst was monitored. To detect uptake, effector biotinylation by an intracellular Arabidopsis‐produced biotin ligase was examined following root infection.

Four effectors suppressed PTI signalling; two acted intracellularly and two apoplastically. Heterologous expression of a PTI‐suppressing effector in Arabidopsis enhanced bacterial susceptibility. Consistent with an intracellular activity, host cell uptake of five effectors, but not of the apoplastically acting ones, was detected in Fo‐infected Arabidopsis roots.

Multiple Fo effectors targeted PTI signalling, uncovering a surprising overlap in infection strategies between foliar and root pathogens. Extracellular targeting of flg22 signalling by a microbial effector provides a new mechanism on how plant pathogens manipulate their host. Effector translocation appears independent of protein size, charge, presence of conserved motifs or the promoter driving its expression.
Two cases of CARD14‐associated papulosquamous eruption from India
Authors: Chiramel Minu Jose , Sathishkumar Dharshini , Edison Eunice Sindhuvi , George Renu 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIdentification of CARD14‐associated papulosquamous eruption (CAPE) is important as it helps in determining prognosis and management of those affected. We report two siblings with genetically confirmed CAPE presenting with treatment‐resistant erythroderma in one patient and patterned psoriatic plaques with facial predominance in the other.
Lung cancer staging: State of the art in the era of ablative therapies and surgical segmentectomy
Authors: Gregor Alexander , Inage Terunaga , Hwangbo Bin , Yasufuku Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTImplementation of lung cancer screening and improvements in imaging are expected to increase the proportion of lung cancer diagnosed at an early stage. The standard of care has historically been anatomic lobectomy; however, there is now an array of surgical and non‐surgical approaches for management of local disease either in active use or under investigation. By their nature, these new modalities offer a theoretical trade‐off of reduced morbidity in exchange for reduced efficacy in the setting of advanced disease. It is therefore critical that patients being considered for these approaches (e.g. surgical segmentectomy and SABR) be accurately staged to maximize the potential for definitive treatment. In this article, we will review current approaches to the staging of patients being considered for segmentectomy or ablation. This will serve as a foundation to highlight important questions deserving further investigation.
Perceptions of the scope of practice of nurse practitioners caring for older adults: level of agreement among different healthcare providers
Authors: Henni Silje Havrevold , Kirkevold Marit , Antypas Konstantinos , Foss Christina 
Published: April 2020

BackgroundGlobally, new nurse practitioner roles have been introduced into interdisciplinary teams. Research indicates that agreement among the different healthcare providers regarding one another’s role and scope of practice is important for establishing interdisciplinary teamwork. Lack of agreement regarding a new nurse practitioner’s scope of practice may hinder collaboration.AimTo investigate the level of agreement among advanced geriatric nurses (AGNs), their colleagues and their leaders regarding which activities related to direct and indirect care, teaching/supervision, coordination and research and development work are perceived as appropriate for AGNs.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive survey.MethodsThe total population of AGNs in Norway (n = 26) and a sample of their colleagues, including leaders (n = 465), were invited to answer an online questionnaire. Twenty‐three (88.5%) AGNs and 195 (42%) colleagues answered the questionnaires. A series of cross‐tabulations were conducted to identify the respondents reporting on the appropriateness of different activities.ResultsThe respondents identified all of the activities related to coordination, teaching/supervision and research and development work as appropriate for AGNs. Although the respondents considered several of the direct and indirect care activities as appropriate, there were conflicting views on the activities that traditionally fall within the medical field vs. those that traditionally fall within the nursing field. The AGNs saw most of the nursing and medical activities as appropriate, but their colleagues and leaders saw only some of the nursing activities as appropriate. The results also showed that there was high disagreement among the leaders regarding appropriate activities.ConclusionThe results indicate that healthcare providers agree on which activities related to teaching/supervision, coordination, and research and development work are appropriate to include in AGNs’ scope of practice, but that there are conflicting views regarding activities related to direct and indirect care.
Pubic fractures secondary to extended transpelvic urethrostomy in a cat
Authors: Moores Alison L. , Agthe Petra , Anderson Davina M. , Grierson James M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo report the occurrence and describe the management of pubic fractures after the use of an extended transpelvic urethrostomy (TPU) to treat postprostatic intrapelvic urethral obstruction and laceration in a cat.AnimalOne 6‐year‐old domestic short‐haired cat.Study designCase report.MethodsA cat was presented with urethral obstruction and laceration confirmed by positive contrast retrograde urethrography. Temporary urinary diversion was performed. An attempt was made to perform perineal urethrostomy, but the cranial location of the laceration precluded this technique. An extended TPU was performed, which required removal of 30% to 60% greater length of pelvic bone than has been previously described.ResultsBilateral pubic ramus fractures occurred 1 week after surgery, from which the cat clinically improved with cage rest, and exhibited evidence of healing according to computed tomography after 8 weeks.ConclusionExtended TPU used to treat postprostatic intrapelvic urethral laceration may lead to pubic fractures postoperatively.Clinical significanceIt may be prudent to rest any cat that has had a TPU or extended TPU to reduce fracture risk.
Microelectromechanical Systems Cantilever Resonators: Pressure-Dependent Gas Film Damping
Authors: Kwang-Hua Chu Rainer 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Under near-vacuum conditions, the fluid frictional dissipation or approximately the inverse of the quality factor of a microcantilever once the intrinsic dissipation can be neglected is proportional to the low pressure. We shall investigate the dynamic behavior of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) devices via the calculation of the quality factor or frictional damping forces resulting from surrounding gases. Here, we illustrated some specific examples relevant to the computation of the quality factor or dynamical friction for an oscillating microcantilever in air via measurements of the paper of Okada et al. (Okada, H., Itoh, T., and Suga, T., 2008, Wafer Level Sealing Characterization Method Using Si Micro Cantilevers,Â&#x94; Sens. Actuators A, 147(2), pp. 359–364) considering the quality factors of the CM (a label for a microcantilever: 500 × 90 × 5 μm3 Si microcantilever (the measured resonance frequency: 23.7 kHz) and the paper of Kara et al. (Kara, V., Yakhot, V., and Ekinci, K. L., 2017, Generalized Knudsen Number for Unsteady Fluid Flow, Phys. Rev. Lett., 118(7), p. 074505) in rarefied gases regime. We present the corrected quality factor or dynamical friction over the whole range of the Knudsen number considering the CM part by Okada et al. Our new plot considering the quality factor which is proportional to the inverse of the dissipative friction parameter per unit length, pressure as well as the Knudsen number over the whole range should be useful to researchers in this field.
Assessment of Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Characterizing Techniques in Their Ability to Quantify Amount of Cold Work in 316L Alloy
Authors: Smith Helen , Linke Barbara S. , Muránsky Ondrej , Hamelin Cory , Hill Michael R. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior is a matter of concern for structural materials, namely, stainless steels and nickel alloys, in nuclear power plants. High levels of cold work (CW) have shown to both reduce crack initiation times and increase crack growth rates. Cold working has numerous effects on a material, including changes in microstructure, mechanical properties, and residual stress state, yet it is typically reported as a simple percent change in geometry. There is need to develop a strategy for quantitative assessment of cold-work level in order to better understand stress corrosion cracking test data. Five assessment techniques, commonly performed alongside stress corrosion cracking testing (optical microscopy (OM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), tensile testing, and hardness testing) are evaluated with respect to their ability to quantify the level of CW in a component. The test material is stainless steel 316L that has been cold-rolled to three conditions: 0%, 20%, and 30% CW. Measurement results for each assessment method include correlation with CW condition and repeatability data. Measured values showed significant spatial variation, illustrating that CW level is not uniform throughout a component. Mechanical properties (tensile testing, hardness) were found to correlate most linearly with the amount of imparted CW.
Model-Based Study of a Metamaterial Lens for Nondestructive Evaluation of Composites
Authors: Datta Srijan , Shi Xiaodong , Mukherjee Saptarshi , Deng Yiming , Udpa Lalita 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Composites are being increasingly used in various industries due to their lower cost and superior mechanical properties over traditional materials. They are nevertheless vulnerable to various defects during manufacturing or usage which can cause failure of critical engineering structures. Hence, there is a growing need for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of composites to detect such defective structures and avoid significant loss and damages. Microwave NDE has several advantages over other existing NDE techniques for detecting defects or faults in non-conducting composites or dielectrics. One of the primary benefits of microwaves is large probe-standoff distances which allow for rapid scan times. However, the resolution of such far-field microwave sensors is diffraction limited. Metamaterial-based lens, also known as “superlens,” can achieve resolution beyond the diffraction limits due to its unique electromagnetic (EM) properties. This contribution focuses on the physical design of a metamaterial lens. The theory underlying the design of a metamaterial lens is presented followed by simulation and experimental results. This paper also investigates the feasibility of using the metamaterial lens for improving the resolution of microwave imaging in NDE of composites.
Dry Sliding Wear Performance of Ni–SiC Composites Developed Through an In Situ Microwave Casting Process
Authors: Singh Satnam , Gupta Dheeraj , Kaushal Sarbjeet 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Metal matrix composites of nickel-based powder reinforced with silicon carbide are processed through a domestic microwave applicator. In situ melting and casting of composites were carried out using microwave energy with average processing time of 25 min. Phase analysis of processed composites revealed the formation of some hard-intermetallic compounds such as nickel silicides (NiSi, Ni2Si, and Ni3Si2) and carbides (Cr3C2 and Cr7C3). Microstructure analysis confirms the favorable growth of equiaxed grains with uniform dispersion of reinforcement and low porosity defects (1.5–1.8%). The formation of hard-intermetallic compounds and the presence of SiC reinforcement led to the increased microhardness of composites. Sliding wear tests under dry sliding conditions with varying load and velocity conditions revealed the formation of stable oxide tribolayers at 1.0 m/s of sliding velocity and 15 N load. Fractography of worn-out samples revealed abrasion of surfaces at the lower load (10 N) condition. However, on increasing the load, the shearing of surfaces due to adhesion, plastic deformations, and surface pullout was observed. At higher loads (20 N) and higher sliding velocities (1.5 m/s), particle pullout and three-body abrasive wear mechanisms were observed. The overall weight loss study revealed that the addition of 5% and 10% volume fraction of SiC reinforcement reduced the wear-rate by 58.9% and 80.6% in comparison to the pure nickel casting at the sliding velocity of 1 m/s and under 15 N load.
ATP Binding as a Key Target for Control of the Chemotaxis Kinase
Authors: Jun Se-Young , Pan Wenlin , Hazelbauer Gerald L. 
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT
In bacterial chemotaxis, chemoreceptors in signaling complexes modulate the activity of two-component histidine kinase CheA in response to chemical stimuli. CheA catalyzes phosphoryl transfer from ATP to a histidinyl residue of its P1 domain. That phosphoryl group is transferred to two response regulators. Receptor control is almost exclusively at autophosphorylation, but the aspect of enzyme action on which that control acts is unclear. We investigated this by a kinetic analysis of activated kinase in signaling complexes. We found that phosphoryl transfer from ATP to P1 is an ordered sequential reaction in which the binding of ATP to CheA is the necessary first step; the second substrate, the CheA P1 domain, binds only to an ATP-occupied enzyme; and phosphorylated P1 is released prior to the second product, namely, ADP. We confirmed the crucial features of this kinetically deduced ordered mechanism by assaying P1 binding to the enzyme. In the absence of a bound nucleotide, there was no physiologically significant binding, but the enzyme occupied with a nonhydrolyzable ATP analog bound P1. Previous structural and computational analyses indicated that ATP binding creates the P1-binding site by ordering the “ATP lid.” This process identifies the structural basis for the ordered kinetic mechanism. Recent mathematical modeling of kinetic data identified ATP binding as a focus of receptor-mediated kinase control. The ordered kinetic mechanism provides the biochemical logic of that control. We conclude that chemoreceptors modulate kinase by controlling ATP binding. Structural similarities among two-component kinases, particularly the ATP lid, suggest that ordered mechanisms and control of ATP binding are general features of two-component signaling.
IMPORTANCE Our work provides important new insights into the action of the chemotaxis signaling kinase CheA by identifying the kinetic mechanism of its autophosphorylation as an ordered sequential reaction, in which the required first step is binding of ATP. These insights provide a framework for integrating previous kinetic, mathematical modeling, structural, simulation, and docking observations to conclude that chemoreceptors control the activity of the chemotaxis kinase by regulating binding of the autophosphorylation substrate ATP. Previously observed conformational changes in the ATP lid of the enzyme active site provide a structural basis for the ordered mechanism. Such lids are characteristic of two-component histidine kinases in general, suggesting that ordered sequential mechanisms and regulation by controlling ATP binding are common features of these kinases.
The influence of wave power on bedrock sea-cliff erosion in the Hawaiian Islands
Authors: Huppert Kimberly L. , Perron J. Taylor , Ashton Andrew D. 
Published: April 2020

Abstract
Waves erode sea cliffs by various mechanisms, but the influence of wave power on bedrock coastal erosion has not been well quantified, making it difficult to predict how rocky coasts evolve in different environments. Volcanic ocean islands offer a unique opportunity to examine the influence of waves on bedrock coastal erosion because many islands have relatively homogeneous bedrock, well-constrained initial topography, and considerable differences in wave power between shorelines that face different directions and wave regimes. We used lava-flow ages and the morphology of coastal profiles on Maui, Kaho‘olawe, and the Big Island of Hawai‘i (USA) to estimate sea-cliff retreat rates at 11 sites that experience nearly eightfold differences in incident wave power. Using a range of possible sea-level histories that incorporate different trends of subsidence due to volcanic loading, we modeled the evolution of each coastal profile since its formation (12 ka to 1.4 Ma) to find the regionally consistent relative sea-level history and the site-specific sea-cliff retreat rates that best reproduce observed coastal profiles. We found a best-fit relative sea-level history prescribed by an effective elastic lithosphere thickness of 30 km, consistent with estimates from observations of total deflection beneath the Hawaiian Ridge. This suggests that coastal profiles may retain a decipherable record of sea-level change. Comparing the best-fit sea-cliff retreat rates to mean annual wave power at each site, which we calculated from 30 yr hindcast wave data, we found a positive relationship between wave power and sea-cliff erosion, consistent with theoretical predictions and measurements on unlithified coastal bluffs. These comparisons provide field evidence that bedrock coastal erosion scales with wave power, offering a basis for modeling rocky coast evolution in different wave climates.