bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microdosing psychedelics: Subjective benefits and challenges, substance testing behavior, and the relevance of intention
Authors: Petranker Rotem , Anderson Thomas , Maier Larissa J , Barratt Monica J , Ferris Jason A , Winstock Adam R 
Published: October 2020

Background: Microdosing psychedelics is the practice of taking small, sub-hallucinogenic doses of lysergic acid diethylamide or psilocybin-containing mushrooms. Despite its surging popularity, little is known about the specific intentions to start microdosing and the effects of this practice. Aims: First, we aimed to replicate previous findings regarding the subjective benefits and challenges reported for microdosing. Second, we assessed whether people who microdose test their substances before consumption. Third, we examined whether having an approach-intention to microdosing was predictive of more reported benefits. Methods: The Global Drug Survey runs the world’s largest online drug survey. Participants who reported last year use of lysergic acid diethylamide or psilocybin in the Global Drug Survey 2019 were offered the opportunity to answer a sub-section on microdosing. Results: Data from 6753 people who reported microdosing at least once in the last 12 months were used for analyses. Our results suggest a partial replication of previously reported benefits and challenges among the present sample often reporting enhanced mood, creativity, focus and sociability. Counter to our prediction, the most common challenge participants associated with microdosing was ‘None’. As predicted, most participants reported not testing their substances. Counter to our hypothesis, approach-intention – microdosing to approach a desired goal – predicted less rather than more benefits. We discuss alternate frameworks that may better capture the reasons people microdose. Conclusion: Our results suggest the perceived benefits associated with microdosing greatly outweigh the challenges. Microdosing may have utility for a variety of uses while having minimal side effects. Double-blind, placebo-controlled experiments are required to substantiate these reports.
Acute subjective effects in LSD- and MDMA-assisted psychotherapy
Authors: Schmid Yasmin , Gasser Peter , Oehen Peter , Liechti Matthias E 
Published: October 2020

Background: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) were used in psychotherapy in the 1960s–1980s, and are currently being re-investigated as treatments for several psychiatric disorders. In Switzerland, limited medical use of these substances is possible in patients not responding to other treatments (compassionate use). Methods: This study aimed to describe patient characteristics, treatment indications and acute alterations of mind in patients receiving LSD (100–200 µg) and/or MDMA (100–175 mg) within the Swiss compassionate use programme from 2014–2018. Acute effects were assessed using the 5 Dimensions of Altered States of Consciousness scale and the Mystical Experience Questionnaire, and compared with those in healthy volunteers administered with LSD or MDMA and patients treated alone with LSD in clinical trials. Results: Eighteen patients (including 12 women and six men, aged 29–77 years) were treated in group settings. Indications mostly included posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression. Generally, a drug-assisted session was conducted every 3.5 months after 3–10 psychotherapy sessions. LSD induced pronounced alterations of consciousness on the 5 Dimensions of Altered States of Consciousness scale, and mystical-type experiences with increases in all scales on the Mystical Experience Questionnaire. Effects were largely comparable between patients in the compassionate use programme and patients or healthy subjects treated alone in a research setting. Conclusion: LSD and MDMA are currently used medically in Switzerland mainly in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in group settings, producing similar acute responses as in research subjects. The data may serve as a basis for further controlled studies of substance-assisted psychotherapy.
Brain serotonin 2A receptor binding predicts subjective temporal and mystical effects of psilocybin in healthy humans
Authors: Stenbæk Dea Siggaard , Madsen Martin Korsbak , Ozenne Brice , Kristiansen Sara , Burmester Daniel , Erritzoe David , Knudsen Gitte Moos , Fisher Patrick MacDonald 
Published: October 2020

Background: Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic with psychoactive effects mediated by serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) activation. It produces an acute psychedelic altered state of consciousness with a unique phenomenology that can be temporally characterized by three intensity phases: onset of psychoactive effect, a peak plateau and return to normal consciousness. Aims: We evaluated whether pre-drug brain 5-HT2AR binding predicted the three phases of psilocybin subjective drug intensity (SDI) and retrospective self-report of mystical type experiences in healthy individuals. Method: Sixteen participants completed a pre-drug [11C]Cimbi-36 positron emission tomography scan to assess 5-HT2AR binding. On a separate day, participants completed a single psilocybin session (oral dose range 0.2–0.3 mg/kg), during which SDI was assessed every 20 min. The Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ) was completed at the end of the session. The three SDI phases were modelled using segmented linear regressions. We evaluated the associations between neocortex 5-HT2AR binding and SDI/MEQ outcomes using linear regression models. Results: Neocortex 5-HT2AR was statistically significantly negatively associated with peak plateau duration and positively with time to return to normal waking consciousness. It was also statistically significantly negatively associated with MEQ total score. Conclusion: This is the first study to investigate how individual brain 5-HT2AR binding predicts subjective effects of a single dose of psilocybin. Our findings reinforce the role of cerebral 5-HT2AR in shaping the temporal and mystical features of the psychedelic experience. Future studies should examine whether individual brain levels of 5-HT2AR have an impact on therapeutic outcomes in clinical studies.
A peritoneal defect covered by intraperitoneal mesh prosthesis effects an increased and distinctive foreign body reaction in a minipig model
Authors: Eickhoff Roman Marius , Kroh Andreas , Eickhoff Simon , Heise Daniel , Helmedag Marius Julian , Tolba Rene H , Klinge Uwe , Neumann Ulf Peter , Klink Christian Daniel , Lambertz Andreas 
Published: October 2020

Background The incidence of incisional hernia is with up to 30% one of the frequent long-term complication after laparotomy. After establishing minimal invasive operations, the laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh technique (lap. IPOM) was first described in 1993. Little is known about the foreign body reaction of IPOM-meshes, which covered a defect of the parietal peritoneum. This is becoming more important, since IPOM procedure with peritoneal-sac resection and hernia port closing (IPOM plus) is more frequently used. Methods In 18 female minipigs, two out of three Polyvinylidene-fluoride (PVDF) -meshes (I: standard IPOM; II: IPOM with modified structure [bigger pores]; III: IPOM with the same structure as IPOM II + degradable hydrogel-coating) were placed in a laparoscopic IPOM procedure. Before mesh placement, a 2x2cm peritoneal defect was created. After 30 days, animals were euthanized, adhesions were evaluated by re-laparoscopy and mesh samples were explanted for histological and immunohistochemichal investigations. Results All animals recovered after implantation and had no complications during the follow-up period. Analysing foreign body reaction, the IPOM II mesh had a significant smaller inner granuloma, compared to the other meshes (IPOM II: 8.4 µm ± 1.3 vs. IPOM I 9.1 µm ± 1.3, p < 0.001). The degradable hydrogel coating does not prevent adhesions measured by Diamond score (p = 0.46). A peritoneal defect covered by a standard or modified IPOM mesh was a significant factor for increasing foreign body granuloma, the amount of CD3+ lymphocytes, CD68+ macrophages and decrease of pore size. Conclusion A peritoneal defect covered by IPOM prostheses leads to an increased foreign body reaction compared to intact peritoneum. Whenever feasible, a peritoneal defect should be closed accurately before placing an IPOM-mesh to avoid an excessive foreign body reaction and therefore inferior biomaterial properties of the prosthesis.
Associations Between Single-Family Room Care and Breastfeeding Rates in Preterm Infants
Authors: Grundt Hege , Tandberg Bente Silnes , Flacking Renée , Drageset Jorunn , Moen Atle 
Published: October 2020

Background Hospitalization in neonatal intensive care units with a single-family room design enables continuous maternal presence, but less is known regarding the association with milk production and breastfeeding. Research aim To compare maternal milk production, breastfeeding self-efficacy, the extent to which infants received mother’s milk, and rate of direct breastfeeding in a single-family room to an open bay neonatal intensive care unit. Methods A longitudinal, prospective observational study comparing 77 infants born at 28– 32° weeks gestational age and their 66 mothers ( n = 35 infants of n = 30 mothers in single family room and n = 42 infants of n = 36 mothers in open bay). Comparisons were made on milk volume produced, the extent to which infants were fed mother’s milk, and rate of direct breastfeeding from birth to 4 months’ corrected infant age. Breastfeeding self-efficacy was compared across mothers who directly breastfed at discharge ( n = 45). Results First expression (6 hr vs. 30 hr, p < .001) and first attempt at breastfeeding (48 hr vs. 109 hr, p < .001) occurred significantly earlier, infants were fed a greater amount of mother’s milk ( p < .04), and significantly more infants having single-family room care were exclusively directly breastfed from discharge until 4 months’ corrected age; OR 6.8 (95% CI [2.4, 19.1]). Volumes of milk produced and breastfeeding self-efficacy did not differ significantly between participants in either units. Conclusion To increase the extent to which infants are fed mother’s own milk and are exclusively directly breastfed, the design of neonatal intensive care units should facilitate continuous maternal presence and privacy for the mother–infant dyad.
Depot-Wise Efficiency of Haryana Roadways: A Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Aneja Ranjan , Sehrawat Nitisha 
Published: October 2020

Presently, there are 24 depots and 13 sub-depots operating in various districts of Haryana and these play a pivotal role in providing short as well as medium distance passenger portability. The depots of Haryana roadways have relatively few incentives to perform efficiently. This study makes an effort to measure the efficiency of 20 major depots of Haryana roadways for the year of 2017–2018 and also find out the overall and depot level efficiency of Haryana roadways. For the purpose, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been applied and fleet size of Haryana roadways, total number of staff in this department and fuel consumption by buses are taken as inputs and bus utilisation taken as output. On the basis of technical efficiencies of the depots, it was found that the performance of depots is not at par with the optimum level. The overall mean technical efficiency is 91 per cent indicating that they can produce the same level of output by reducing 9 per cent inputs. JEL: R40, C67, L32, L91
Cervical Cancer Screening Utilization and Associated Factors Among Women Aged 30 to 49 Years in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Belay Yalelet , Dheresa Merga , Sema Alekaw , Desalew Assefa , Assefa Nega 
Published: October 2020

Background: Cervical cancer is a public health problem and one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide. In Ethiopia, the government expands cervical cancer screening centers and recommends services to age-eligible and high-risk groups of women. However, evidence indicates that the utilization of services among eligible and high-risk women in the country has remained very low, and data are scarce in Dire Dawa. Therefore, this study aimed to assess cervical cancer screening service utilization and associated factors among women aged 30 to 49 years in Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was undertaken in Dire Dawa from February 01 to March 01, 2017. Only two facilities provided the screening service in Dire Dawa Administration. Six- hundred and one women aged 30 to 49 years were selected using a systematic sampling method. Data were collected using a pretested face-to-face interview administered questionnaire. Data were entered using EpiData 3.1, and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science Version 21. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with cervical cancer screening utilization. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used, and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study, the magnitude of cervical cancer screening service utilization was 4.0% (95% CI: 2.5-5.7). The factors associated with cervical cancer screening service utilization were older age (AOR = 4.2; 95% CI:1.3-13.8), attending private health facilities (AOR = 8.9; 95% CI: 2.8-28.0), being employed (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.3-8.8), visiting the gynecology departments (AOR = 3.8; 95% CI: 1.5-9.8), being knowledgeable (AOR = 4.8; 95% CI: 1.5-15.5), being counseled by health professionals (AOR = 4.1; 95% CI: 1.5-11.3), and user’s of family planning (AOR = 4.9; 95% CI: 1.2-20.0). Conclusion: The magnitude of cervical cancer screening utilization was very low. Hence, to improve the screening service utilization of cervical cancer, a campaign on community awareness, strengthening service linkage among departments, expansion of the centers for cervical cancer screening, and promotion of family planning method utilization are recommended.
Safe administration of chemotherapy in mast cell activation syndrome
Authors: Lythgoe MP , Krell J , McNeish IA , Tookman L 
Published: October 2020

Introduction Mast Cell Activation Syndrome (MCAS) is an immunogenic disorder typically presenting with episodic multi-organ symptoms, caused by the inappropriate and aberrant release of mast cell mediators. Symptoms may be severe, including anaphylaxis and often occur in response to specific triggers which include many drugs and potentially chemotherapeutic agents. The administration of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy in endometrial cancer significantly reduces the risk of reoccurrence in patients with high risk disease. Currently there is no evidence or case reports to guide the safe administration of chemotherapy in MCAS patients. Case report We present the case of a 59-year-old lady with stage 3 A grade 2 endometroid endometrial cancer who underwent successful surgical management. She then received 4 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy in the form of carboplatin and paclitaxel. This case describes a staged approach to chemotherapy administration and the utilisation of a carboplatin desensitization regimen to reduce the risk of immediate and delayed hypersensitivity sequalae. Management & outcome: Utilising an enhanced pre-medication strategy and a staged approach to chemotherapy administration, she was able to complete adjuvant treatment without any serious complications. At the date of censoring (May 2020) she has not shown any evidence of disease re-occurrence. Discussion & conclusion: Administering chemotherapy to patients with any mast cell disorder remains challenging. We hope that this case may provide the framework for safer chemotherapy administration for any patients at high risk of serious hypersensitivity sequalae in endometrial cancer and beyond.
Abnormal Dynamic Community Structure of Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in the Resting State
Authors: Ding Congli , Xiang Jie , Cui Xiaohong , Wang Xiaoyue , Li Dandan , Cheng Chen , Wang Bin 
Published: October 2020

Objective: Some static network studies have suggested that the community structure in the brains of ADHD patients is altered. However, ADHD is now increasingly regarded as a disorder of neural dynamics, but the dynamic reconstruction of brain communities in ADHD patients is far from being understood. Method: Forty-two ADHD patients and fifty healthy controls participated in this study. We constructed a multilayer network model and calculated several metrics for quantifying community reconstruction at different levels. Results: Regardless of the level of research, the flexibility and cohesion of the ADHD patients were significantly higher than those of controls. In addition, the frontal lobe of ADHD patients presented a phenomenon of increasing peripheral areas and decreasing core areas. Conclusion: Our results indicate that ADHD patients do have abnormalities in dynamic community structure. These evidences provide a new perspective that advances the present understanding of the dynamic organizational principles of communities in ADHD.
Evaluation and comparison of serum procalcitonin and heparin-binding protein levels as biomarkers of bacterial infection in cats
Authors: Cho Jae-Geum , Oh Ye-In , Song Kun-Ho , Seo Kyoung-Won 
Published: October 2020

Objectives As bacterial infection can lead to sepsis and high mortality, early and easy diagnosis of sepsis can improve survival. In cats, the diagnosis of systemic bacterial infection is quite challenging, and, usually, non-specific markers for inflammation are employed. In humans, procalcitonin, heparin-binding protein and absolute neutrophil count are biomarkers that are studied in bacterial infections and sepsis owing to their high sensitivity and specificity. Methods A total of 56 cats were categorised into 16 healthy cats and 40 bacterially infected cats, diagnosed by various examinations. In all cats, serum procalcitonin and heparin-binding protein levels were measured using ELISA and an absolute neutrophil count was performed. Results The median values of procalcitonin levels and absolute neutrophil count were significantly higher in the infection group than in the normal group, but heparin-binding protein levels were not. A procalcitonin level >366 pg/ml was a better biomarker of bacterial infection than heparin-binding protein and absolute neutrophil count (sensitivity: 67.5%; specificity: 93.8%). Procalcitonin was not correlated with heparin-binding protein ( r = 0.213, P = 0.115) and absolute neutrophil count ( r = 0.393, P = 0.003). Conclusions and relevance High procalcitonin levels in cats were associated with bacterial infection. Hence, procalcitonin could be a valuable marker for diagnosing bacterial infections in cats.
Transient hyperammonaemia following epileptic seizures in cats
Authors: Nilsson Charlotta H , Svensson Mikael BT , Säve Susanne JM , Van Meervenne Sofie AE 
Published: October 2020

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether transient postictal hyperammonaemia exists in cats. Methods The medical records of all feline patients that presented at a Swedish veterinary hospital between 2008 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed to find those that had a recent or ongoing epileptic seizure. To qualify for inclusion, the medical record had to include information on at least one ammonia value taken in close proximity to, or during, an active seizure, the cat must have exceeded the normal upper limit of blood ammonia concentration on initial testing (reference interval 0–95 μmol/l), and there needed to be a follow-up ammonia value available within a maximum of 3 days. Results Five cats were included in the study, and they had blood ammonia concentrations on initial testing ranging from 146 to 195 µmol/l. They were all retested within a period of 2 h to 3 days of the original reading. All five cats had a spontaneous decrease in ammonia levels without any specific treatment for hyperammonaemia. Conclusions and relevance Pursuant to the findings of this retrospective study, transient hyperammonaemia may be noted after epileptic seizure in cats. Consequently, a differential diagnostic list in feline patients with hyperammonaemia could, depending on the context, include non-hepatic-related pathologies, such as epileptic seizures.
Changes in Skin Perfusion Pressure After Endovascular Treatment for Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia
Authors: Ichihashi Shigeo , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Fujimura Naoki , Shibata Tsuyoshi , Fujii Miki , Kato Taku , Tsubakimoto Yoshinori , Iwakoshi Shinichi , Obayashi Kenji , Kichikawa Kimihiko 
Published: October 2020

Purpose To assess skin perfusion pressure (SPP) changes after endovascular treatment (EVT) of patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) and to explore preoperative factors that affect SPP changes. Materials and Methods This prospective, multicenter study recruited 147 patients (mean age 74 years; 99 men) with ischemic wounds at 6 vascular centers in Japan between July 2017 and December 2018. Over half of the patients (92, 63%) were diabetic, and 76 (52%) required dialysis. Sixty-four patients (43%) had WIfI (wound, ischemia, foot infection) wound grades of 2 or 3; 59 (40%) had foot infections. SPP was measured before and 1, 2, 7, and 30 days after EVT to establish inline flow to the ischemic foot based on the angiosome concept when feasible. The anterior and posterior tibial arteries and the peroneal artery were revascularized in 66 (45%), 50 (34%), and 30 (21%) patients, respectively. Results Both the dorsal and plantar SPPs at 1 or 2 days post-EVT were significantly higher than those at baseline (p<0.001), and both SPPs increased further at 1 month compared with those at 1 (p=0.001) or 2 days (p=0.006) post-EVT. SPP increases occurred on the dorsal and plantar surfaces of the foot regardless of the vessel revascularized. The SPP increase at 1 month after EVT was significantly lower in patients with foot infections than that in those without foot infections (p=0.003). Age, sex, diabetes, dialysis, wound severity, and direct revascularization did not affect the pattern of SPP change. Conclusion The SPP increased continuously up to 1 month after EVT, though the increase was smaller in patients with wound infections. The SPP on the dorsal and plantar surfaces increased, regardless of the vessel revascularized, which could justify indirect revascularization when direct revascularization is technically challenging.
Preliminary Simulation Study of Carotid Artery and Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle Sparing-Radiotherapy in Glottic Carcinoma
Authors: Ozdemir Yurday , Acibuci Ibrahim , Selek Ugur , Topkan Erkan 
Published: October 2020

Background: This preliminary simulation study aimed to compare the dosimetric outcomes of carotid arteries (CAs) and pharyngeal constrictor muscle (PCM) in patients with T1N0M0 glottic carcinoma undergoing helical tomotherapy-intensity modulated radiotherapy (HT-IMRT) and 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) plans. Methods: In addition to the clinical target volume (CTV) which was defined as the entire larynx, the CAs and PCM of 11 glottic carcinoma patients were delineated. The CTV was uniformly expanded 5 mm to create a planning target volume (PTV) relative to the PCM and at a distance of 2 mm from the CA. The dosimetric characteristics in HT-IMRT and lateral opposed fields-based 3D-CRT plans were analyzed. Results: Median D95%and V100% of PTV were significantly higher in HT-IMRT (p < 0.001) compared to 3D-CRT. The right/left CA dosimetric outcomes, including the mean doses (20.7/21.5 Gy versus 48.7/50.5 Gy), Dmax (53.6/52.0 Gy versus 67.4/67.7 Gy), V30 (25.0/27.1% versus 77.6/80.3%), V40 (8.0/7.9% versus 74.6/71.9%), and V50 (2.0/1.2% versus 70.0/71.6%) were also significantly lower in HT-IMRT (p < 0.05), similar to the mean PCM doses (49.6 Gy versus 62.6 Gy for 3D-CRT;p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: Our present results demonstrated the feasibility of simultaneous sparing of the CAs and PCM in HT-IMRT- compared to 3D-CRT plans in glottic carcinoma patients undergoing definitive radiotherapy.