bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Residue of Tetracycline Antibiotics in Soil and Vegetable and Its Effect on the Diversity of Soil Bacterial Community
Authors: Xu Longshui , Wang Weizhong , Xu Weihong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
[Background]Tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) are a broad-spectrum antibiotic, widely used in livestock and poultry breeding. The residue of tetracycline antibiotics in animal manure may cause changes of soil microbial community.[Methods]On the basis of the investigation and analysis of TCs pollution in the soil of main vegetable bases and the livestock manure of major large-scale farms in Chongqing, China, the effects of tetracycline antibiotics on the structure and diversity of soil microbial community were investigated by high-throughput sequencing.[Results]The TCs content in soil was increased by applying livestock manure. The contents of TC, OTC and CTC in the soil under pig manure treatment were 171.07-660.20 μg·kg-1, 25.38-345.78 μg·kg-1 and 170.77-707.47 μg·kg-1, respectively. The contents of TC, OTC and CTC in the soil under the treatment of chicken manure were 166.62-353.61 μg·kg-1, 122.25-251.23 μg·kg-1 and 15.12-80.91 μg·kg-1 respectively. The content of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) in edible parts of Brassica juncea var. gemmifera was increased after livestock manure treatment, among which pig manure had the greatest influence on the increase of TCs content, and the larger the dosage of pig manure was, the more significant the increase of TCs content was. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chioroflexi and bacteroidetes under livestock manure treatment were the dominant phyla, accounting for 85.2%-92.4% of the total abundance of soil bacteria.[Conclusions]The soil OTUs under the treatment of pig manure was higher than that under the treatment of chicken manure. Biogas residue after fermentation treatment can effectively reduce the environmental and ecological risks caused by antibiotic residues.
Two distinct immunopathological profiles in lungs of lethal COVID-19
Authors: Nienhold Ronny , Ciani Yari , Koelzer Viktor , Tzankov Alexandar , Haslbauer Jasmin , Menter Thomas , Schwab Nathalie , Henkel Maurice , Frank Angela , Zsikla Veronika , Willi Niels , Kempf Werner , Hoyler Thomas , Barbareschi Mattia , Moch Holger , Tolnay Markus , Cathomas Gieri , Demichelis Francesca , Junt Tobias , Mertz Kirsten 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Immune responses in lungs of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are poorly characterized. We conducted transcriptomic, histologic and cellular profiling of post mortem COVID-19 and normal lung tissues. Two distinct immunopathological reaction patterns were identified. One pattern showed high expression of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) and cytokines, high viral loads and limited pulmonary damage, the other pattern showed severely damaged lungs, low ISGs, low viral loads and abundant immune infiltrates. Distinct patterns of pulmonary COVID-19 immune responses correlated to hospitalization time and may guide treatment and vaccination approaches.
Closing-Wedge Distal Femoral Osteotomy Combined with Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Recurrent Patellar Dislocation with Genu Valgum
Authors: Jing Lizhong , Wang Xiaole , Liu Kun , Wang Xiaotan , Jiang Lu , Wu Di , Zhang Zhiwei , Li Zhuang , Yu Le , Wang Shaoshan , Yang Jiushan 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) is a well-established procedure for addressing recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) in young patients. However, for RPD with genu valgum, simultaneous MPFLR and closing-wedge distal femoral osteotomy (CWDFO) may be a promising procedure yet rarely reported. This study’s purpose was to observe and analyse the clinical and imaging findings of CWDFO combined with MPFLR for RPD with genu valgum.Methods: From May 2015 to Apirl 2018, 25 patients with RPD and genu valgum were surgically treated in our department. Anteroposterior long-leg, weight-bearing, lower-extremity radiographs, lateral radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans of the patellofemoral joint were obtained, and the femorotibial angle (FTA), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), weight-bearing line rate (WBLR), patellar height, patellar lateral shift (PLS) and tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance were analysed. Validated knee scores, such as the Kujala, Lysholm, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores and Tegner socres, were evaluated preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively.Results: 25 patients, with an average age of 19.8 years (14–27), were evaluated. All patients had been able to achieve a better sports level without any problems during the 2-year follow-up period. There has been no recurrence of patellar instability. Compared with preoperation, the FTA, mLDFA, WBLR and PLS showed statistically significant improvement following the procedure (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, no significant differences in the Insall index and TT-TG distance was found. The mean Kujala score, average Lysholm score, VAS score and Tegner socres showed significant improvement postoperatively.Conclusions: CWDFO combined with MPFLR is a suitable treatment for RPD with genu valgum, as it leads to significant improvement in the clinical and imaging findings of the knee in the short term.
Generation and molecular characteristics of a highly attenuated GPV strain through adaptation in GEF cells
Authors: Shao Hongxia , Jiang Yuchen , Yuan Huisha , Ji Lifei , Jin Wenjie , Qian Kun , Ye Jianqiang , Qin Aijian 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Goose parvovirus (GPV) has spread globally and causes huge ecomonic loss to poultry industry. Although the attenuated GPV vaccines play vital roles in preventing the disease caused by GPV, the molecular basis for the attenuation of GPV is barely known. Results: A highly attenuated GPV strain GPV-CZM-142 was generated through blindly passaging of the highly pathogenic strain GPV-CZM in goose embryo fibroblasts (GEF) for 142 generations. The virulence of the GEF-adapted GPV strain was 10000 times less than that of the wild type GPV-CZM based on the ELD50. Genome sequencing revealed that a novel insertion in ITR and host adapted mutations in NS and VP1 were found in GPV-CZM-142 in comparison with the wild type strain.Conclusions: The generation of the highly attenuated GPV strain GPV-CZM-142 and the identified virulence-related insertion/mutation profile in the genome not only provided GPV attenuated vaccine candidate, but also gives novel insights into the molecular determinants for GPV attenuation.
Facile electron delivery from graphene template to ultrathin metal-organic layers for boosting CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Wang Jia-Wei , Qiao Li-Zhen , Nie Haodong , Huang Hai-Hua , Li Yi , Yao Shuang , Liu Meng , Zhang Zhi-Ming , Kang Zhenhui , Lu Tong-Bu 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Metal-organic layers (MOLs) with ordered structure and molecular tunability are of great potential as heterogeneous catalysts due to their readily accessible active sites. Herein, we demonstrate a facile template strategy to prepare MOLs with a uniform thickness of three metal coordination layers (ca. 1.5 nm) with graphene oxide (GO) as both template and electron mediator. The resulting MOL@GO exhibits an outstanding performance for CO2 photoreduction with a record-high total CO yield of 3133 mmol/gMOL among all the metal-organic framework and MOL catalysts (CO selectivity of 95%). This performance is ca. 34 times higher than that of bulky Co-MOF, [CoL(H2O)2]•0.5H2O (H2L = 5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)isophthalic acid). Systematic studies reveal that well exposed active sites in MOLs, and facile electron transfer between heterogeneous and homogeneous components mediated by GO, greatly contribute to its high activity. This work highlights a facile way for constructing ultrathin MOLs and demonstrate charge transfer pathway between conductive template and catalyst for boosting photocatalysis.
Rapid Divergence Of The Copulation Proteins In The Drosophila Dunni Group Is Associated With Hybrid Post-Mating-Prezygotic Incompatibilities
Authors: Hill Tom , Rosales-Stephens Hazel-Lynn , Unckless Robert L. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Proteins involved in post-copulatory interactions between males and females are among the fastest evolving genes in many species and this has been attributed to reproductive conflict. Likely as a result, these proteins are frequently involved in cases of post-mating-prezygotic isolation between species. The Drosophila dunni subgroup consists of a dozen recently diverged species found across the Caribbean islands with varying levels of hybrid incompatibility.Results: We performed experimental crosses between species in the dunni group and find evidence of hybrid inviability likely due to post-mating-prezygotic incompatibilities. We next assessed rates of evolution between these species genomes and find evidence of rapid evolution and divergence of some reproductive proteins, specifically the seminal fluid proteins.Conclusions: This work suggests the rapid evolution of seminal fluid proteins can lead to post-mating-prezygotic isolation, which acts as a barrier for gene flow between even the most closely related species.
Inequality Analysis of Pharmacist Distribution in Iran
Authors: Gharasi Mahdi , Dehnavi Hamed , Emamgholipour Sara , Jaafaripooyan Ebrahim 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Introduction: Unequal distribution of resources has always been a concern for health systems in addressing access issues in relation to health services.It might have a devastating effect on health outcomes and in a way incur the direct and indirect costs. The purpose of this study thus is to investigate the trend of pharmacists’ distribution in Iran.Methods: In this retrospective longitudinal study, data were collected for a four-time period; 2007, 2012, 2016 and 2019,from the Statistical Center of Iran and Islamic Republic of Iran Medical Council. The sought indicator was the number of pharmacists per 10,000 population. Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve were used to measure and analyze the inequality using STATA software and ArcGIS software was used to map the pharmacists’ distribution.Results: The results showed that the number of pharmacists in 2007 was 12986 and increased by 69% (21919) in 2019, however the inequality in the distribution of pharmacists has not yet disappeared. Gini coefficient values for 2007, 2012, 2016 and 2019 were 0.26, 0.23, 0.21 and 0.19, respectively. The Gini coefficient decreased by 27% during the study period and from 2007 to 2019, pharmacy per capita increased in all provinces of Iran.Conclusion: The trend of pharmacist distribution in Iran indicates an overall decrease in the inequality level. However, the inter-provincial distribution of pharmacists is significantly unequal, demanding full attention of national and provincial authorities. The results might also inject plenty of insights into the evidence-based policy making at the ministerial level.
Impact of Robinia pseudoacacia stand conversion on soil bacterial communities and soil properties
Authors: Li Kun , Han Xu , Ni Ruiqiang , Shi Ge , de-Miguel Sergio , Li Chuanrong , Shen Weixing , Zhang Yikun , Zhang Xingzhong 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Robinia pseudoacacia is a widely planted pioneer tree species in reforestations on barren mountains in northern China. Because of its nitrogen-fixing ability, it can play a positive role in soil and forest restoration. After clear-cutting of planted stands, R. pseudoacacia stands become coppice plantations. The impacts of shifting from seedling to coppice plantations on soil bacterial community and soil properties have not been well described. This study aims to quantify how soil properties and bacterial community composition vary between planted seedling versus coppice stands.Methods: Three 20 × 20 m plots were randomly selected in each seedling and coppice stand. The bulk soil and rhizosphere soil were sampled in the nine above-mentioned sample plots in the summer of 2017. Bulk soil was sampled at 10 cm from the soil surface using a soil auger. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected by brush. The soil samples were transported to the laboratory for chemical analysis and bacterial community composition and diversity was obtanied through DNA extraction, 16S rRNA gene amplification and high throughput sequencing.Results: The results showed that, compared to seedling plantations, soil quality decreased significantly in coppice stands, but without affecting soil exchangeable Mg2+ and K2+. Total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) were lower in the rhizosphere than in bulk soil, whereas nutrient availability showed an opposite trend. The conversion from seedling to coppice plantations was also related to significant differences in soil bacterial community structure and to the reduction of soil bacterial α-diversity. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that, bacterial community composition was similar in both bulk and rhizosphere soils in second generation coppice plantations. Specially, the conversion from seedling to coppice increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Rhizobium, but reduced that of Actinobacteria, which may result in a decline of soil nutrient availability. Mantel tests revealed that C, N, Soil organic matter (SOM), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) and available phosphorus positively correlated with bacterial community composition, while a variation partition analysis (VPA) showed that NO3−-N explained a relatively greater proportion of bacterial distribution (15.12%), compared with C and SOM. Surprinsingly, N showed no relationship with bacterial community composition, which may be related to nitrogen transportation.Conclusions: The conversion from seedling to coppice stands reduced soil quality and led to spatial-temporal homogenization of the soil bacterial community structure in both the rhizosphere and bulk soils. Such imbalance in microbial structure can accelerate the decline of R. pseudoacacia. This may affect the role of R. pseudoacacia coppice stands in soil and forest restoration of barren lands in mountain areas.
Chemical Pollutants in Closed Spaces of Transportation and Storage of Non-Dangerous Goods: A Combined Qualitative Approach
Authors: Lovas Szabolcs , Varga Orsolya , Ádám Balázs 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: Several chemical pollutants can accumulate in closed spaces of transportation and storage of non-dangerous goods, leading to high concentrations. Pollutants are mainly residues of pesticides used to prevent the spread of harmful organisms in intercontinental transportation, volatile organic compounds and components of diesel engine exhaust. The objectives of this cross-sectional qualitative study were to identify and evaluate the regulations in connection with the occupational chemical exposures caused by chemical pollutants in closed environments of transportation and storage, and to survey the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of occupational health and safety professionals and logistics managers related to this global workplace issue. Methods: A comprehensive systematic search of legal instruments was carried out in international, European Union and Hungarian legislation databases. Legal documents relevant for occupational chemical exposure at workplaces were included in the study and the legal relationships between selected documents were mapped. The systematic search of legal instruments identified 4737 records, of which 16 were included in the in-depth content analysis. According to the second objective, semi-structured face-to-face interviews were carried out with occupational health and safety professionals and warehouse managers at logistics companies located in Hungary. Results: The analysis of the documents highlighted the lack of explicit regulation on prevention from exposures caused by chemical pollutants in closed environments of transportation and storage of non-hazardous materials. The 21 completed interviews revealed that the professionals had very limited knowledge about the potential presence of chemical residues in closed spaces of transportation and storage. They deemed such chemical exposure rare and the related health effects negligible. Although legislation requires the risk assessment of workplaces, the assessment is misleading if potential hazards are not identified. Conclusions: The increasing risk of rapid global spread of harmful organisms due to climate change and dense international traffic results in growing need for fumigation, which, together with increasing temperature and transportation time, generates an emerging occupational and public health challenge. The revealed limitations point out that the chemical safety of transportation and storage of non-dangerous goods should be more specifically regulated and responsible professionals should be better informed about such workplace hazards.
Extent Reflecting Overall Dietary Amino Acids Composition Adherence to the Human Requirement Amino Acids Pattern is Associated with the Development of type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Duan Wei , Han Tianshu , Zhao Yanhe , Wu Huanyu , Sun Hu , Tian Zhen , Wang Jiemei , Shan Ruiqi , Liu Liyan , Zhang Yuntao , Li Ying , Sun C 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to elucidate whether dietary amino acids (AAs) composition is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to investigate whether and how serum AAs profiles mediated this association.Methods: Two prospective cohorts of 1750 and 4024 adults aged 20-74 year-old were enrolled with mean values of 4.2 and 5.3 years follow-up. Dietary AAs compositions index (AACI) was developed to reflect the overall quality of dietary AAs composition with the lower the AACI value, the higher quality of dietary AAs compositions. Multivariate linear regression and logistic regression models were used to examine associations of AACI with serum AAs profiles and incidence of T2DM. Results: The AACI was associated with the incidence of T2DM with the relative risk and 95%CI from the bottom to the top tertiles being 1.00, 1.39 (0.85-2.26) and 1.68 (1.01-2.91), and 1.00, 1.30 (0.98-1.34) and 1.63 (1.19-2.23) in the two cohorts, respectively. The AACI was positively associated with serum valine, isoleucine, glutamic acid and phenylalanine, and it was negatively associated with serum glycine and histidine in both cohorts (P<0.01). Among these serum AAs, valine, glutamic acid and histidine consistently and partially mediated the association between the AACI and incidence of T2DM in the two cohorts, with total mediation effects of 33.4% and 54.6%, respectively. Conclusion: Dietary AAs composition was associated with the incidence of T2DM through influencing its serum profiles. Future dietary strategies for prevention and treatment of T2DM should focus on improvement of overall quality of dietary AAs compositions.
Nomogram Prediction of Severe Risk in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zheng Fang , Yao Run , Liu Jiyang , Chen Ruochan , Li Ning 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background

COVID-19 elicits a range of different responses in patients and can manifest into mild to very severe cases in different individuals, depending on many factors. We aimed to establish a prediction model of severe risk in COVID-19 patients, to help clinicians achieve early prevention, intervention, and aid them in choosing effective therapeutic strategy.
Methods

We selected confirmed COVID-19 patients who admitted to First Hospital of Changsha city between January 29 and February 15, 2020 and collected their clinical data. Multivariate logical regression was used to identify the risk factors associated with severe risk. These factors were incorporated into the nomogram to establish the model. The ROC curve, calibration plot and decision curve were used to assess the performance of model.
Results

239 patients were enrolled and 45 (18.83%) patients developed severe pneumonia. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that age, COPD, shortness of breath, fatigue, creatine kinase, D-dimer, lymphocytes and h CRP were independent risk factors for severe risk in COVID-19 patients. Incorporating these factors, the nomogram achieved good concordance indexes of 0.873 (95% CI: 0.819–0.927), and well-fitted calibration plot curves. The model provided superior net benefit when clinical decision thresholds were between 10–70% predicted risk.
Conclusions

Using the model, clinicians can intervene early, improve therapeutic effects and reduce the severity of COVID-19, thus ensuring more targeted and efficient use of medical resources.
Pooling for SARS-CoV-2 Control in Care Institutions
Authors: Alvargonzalez Jorge J. Cabrera , Cao Sonia Rey , Castro Sonia Pérez , Lamas Lucía Martínez , Calvo Olaia Cores , Piñon Julio Torres , Fresco Jacobo Porteiro , Comesaña Julio Garcia , Garcia Benito Regueiro 
Published: July 2020

Abstract
Background Workers and residents in Care Homes are considered at special risk for the acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 infection, due to the infectivity and high mortality rate in the case of residents, compared to other containment areas. The role of presymptomatic people in transmission has been shown to be important and the early detection these people is critical for the control of new outbreaks. Pooling strategies have proven to preserve SARS-CoV-2 testing resources.The aims of the present study, based in our local experience, were (a) to describe SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in institutionalized people in Galicia (Spain) during the Coronavirus pandemic and (b) to evaluate the expected performance of a pooling strategy using RT-PCR for the next rounds of screening of institutionalized people.Methods 25,386 Nasopharyngeal swab samples from the total of the residents and workers at Care Homes in Galicia (March to May 2020) were tested using RT-PCR. Prevalence and distribution of positive detection in Care Homes was calculated. Pools of 19 negative samples and one positive sample were tested using RT-PCR as well. Prevalence and distribution of positive detection in Care Homes was calculated. Results Distribution of SARS-CoV-2 infection at Care Houses was uneven. As the virus circulation global rate was low in our area, the number of people at risk of acquiring the infection continues to be very high. In this work, we have successfully demonstrated that pooling of different groups of samples at low prevalence clusters, can be done with a small average delay on quantification cycle (Cq) values. Conclusions A new surveillance system with guaranteed protection is required for small clusters, previously covered with individual testing. Our proposal for Care Houses, once prevalence zero is achieved, would include successive rounds of testing using a pooling solution for transmission control preserving testing resources. Scale-up of this method may be of utility to confront larger clusters to avoid the viral circulation and keeping them operative.