bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a global 30 m impervious surface map using multisource and multitemporal remote sensing datasets with the Google Earth Engine platform
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Liu Liangyun , Wu Changshan , Chen Xidong , Gao Yuan , Xie Shuai , Zhang Bing 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The amount of impervious surface is an important
indicator in the monitoring of the intensity of human activity and
environmental change. The use of remote sensing techniques is the only means
of accurately carrying out global mapping of impervious surfaces covering
large areas. Optical imagery can capture surface reflectance
characteristics, while synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) images can be used to
provide information on the structure and dielectric properties of surface
materials. In addition, nighttime light (NTL) imagery can detect the
intensity of human activity and thus provide important a priori
probabilities of the occurrence of impervious surfaces. In this study, we
aimed to generate an accurate global impervious surface map at a resolution
of 30 m for 2015 by combining Landsat 8 Operational Land Image (OLI) optical images, Sentinel-1 SAR
images and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) NTL images based on
the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. First, the global impervious and
nonimpervious training samples were automatically derived by combining the
GlobeLand30 land-cover product with VIIRS NTL and MODIS enhanced vegetation
index (EVI) imagery. Then, the local adaptive random forest classifiers,
allowing for a regional adjustment of the classification parameters to take into
account the regional characteristics, were trained and used to generate
regional impervious surface maps for each 5∘×5∘ geographical grid using local training samples and multisource
and multitemporal imagery. Finally, a global impervious surface map,
produced by mosaicking numerous 5∘×5∘
regional maps, was validated by interpretation samples and then compared
with five existing impervious products (GlobeLand30, FROM-GLC, NUACI, HBASE and GHSL). The results indicated that the global
impervious surface map produced using the proposed multisource,
multitemporal random forest classification (MSMT_RF) method
was the most accurate of the maps, having an overall accuracy of 95.1 %
and kappa coefficient (one of the most commonly used statistics to test
interrater reliability; Olofsson et al., 2014) of 0.898 as
against 85.6 % and 0.695 for NUACI, 89.6 % and 0.780 for
FROM-GLC, 90.3 % and 0.794 for GHSL, 88.4 % and 0.753 for
GlobeLand30, and 88.0 % and 0.745 for HBASE using all 15 regional
validation data. Therefore, it is concluded that a global 30 m impervious
surface map can accurately and efficiently be generated by the proposed
MSMT_RF method based on the GEE platform. The global
impervious surface map generated in this paper is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3505079 (Zhang and Liu, 2019).
Understanding coastal wetland conditions and futures by closing their hydrologic balance: the case of the Gialova lagoon, Greece
Authors: Manzoni Stefano , Maneas Giorgos , Scaini Anna , Psiloglou Basil E. , Destouni Georgia , Lyon Steve W. 
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Coastal wetlands and lagoons are under pressure due to competing demands for freshwater resources and climatic changes, which may increase salinity and cause a loss of ecological functions. These pressures are particularly high in Mediterranean regions with high evaporative demand compared to precipitation. To manage such wetlands and maximize their provision of ecosystem services, their hydrologic balance must be quantified. However, multiple channels, diffuse surface water exchanges, and diverse groundwater pathways complicate the quantification of different water balance components. To overcome this difficulty, we developed a mass balance approach based on coupled water and salt balance equations to estimate currently unknown water exchange fluxes through the Gialova lagoon,
southwestern Peloponnese, Greece. Our approach facilitates quantification of both
saline and freshwater exchange fluxes, using measured precipitation, water
depth and salinity, and estimated evaporation rates over a study period of
2 years (2016–2017). While water exchanges were dominated by evaporation
and saline water inputs from the sea during the summer, precipitation and
freshwater inputs were more important during the winter. About 40 % and
60 % of the freshwater inputs were from precipitation and lateral freshwater flows, respectively. Approximately 70 % of the outputs was due
to evaporation, with the remaining 30 % being water flow from the lagoon
to the sea. Under future drier and warmer conditions, salinity in the lagoon is expected to increase, unless freshwater inputs are enhanced by restoring hydrologic connectivity between the lagoon and the surrounding freshwater bodies. This restoration strategy would be fundamental to stabilizing the current wide seasonal fluctuations in salinity and maintain ecosystem functionality but could be challenging to implement due to expected reductions in water availability in the freshwater bodies supporting the lagoon.
Inspira STEAM: breaking the confidence gap with female roles
Authors: Guenaga Gómez Mariluz , Fernández Álvarez Lorena 
Published: July 2020

Following women’s careers in STEAM can be compared to a leaking pipeline, which leaks in so many ways that, in the end, it is empty before it reaches leading professional positions. However, even before, girls do not opt for STEAM studies, and one of the main reasons is their lack of confidence: both self-confidence and trust in other people. Girls see the potential of women in many fields, but when asked directly, they do not see themselves as able to be good scientists or technologists. This lack of confidence is what we found in the Inspira STEAM project, aimed at increasing the interest in STEAM of girls in primary education and promoting scientific and technological careers. The project consisted of six one-hour sessions following group mentoring methodology at school-hours carried out by female professionals in STEAM as close reference models. Mentors were trained in the methodology, gender perspective and materials developed for the sessions. After completing the program girls, boys and mentors completed a questionnaire about their experience. Results show great satisfaction of participants with the program but less self-confidence in the performance of mentors. Also, girls show high confidence in what women are able to achieve, but not so much in what they, personally, can achieve related to science and technology. These results have great relevance to understanding the confidence gap and figuring out how to close it.
Soil Layers Properties of a Profile Developed on the Past Depositional Series on Merbabu Volcano Central Java Indonesia
Authors: Nurcholis Mohammad , Herlambang Susila , Suwartikaningsih Sri Aminah , Fiantis Dian , Yudiantoro Dwi Fitri 
Published: July 2020

A wide and deep soil profile (around 1200 cm) was observed at Ketep Park West Slope of Merbabu volcano Central Java, Indonesia to identify the soil morphology, physical and, chemical and mineralogical properties. Results showed that several soil development processes occurred in each volcanic deposits with different characteristics. Most soil layers met some of andic soil properties criteria such bulk density <0.9 g.cm-3, P retention of >85%, and (Alo + ½ Feo) >2.0%. A thin melanic material showing black color layer was found at the lower part of the soil profile, i.e. in depth from 726 to 798 cm. The dominant material in most soil layers is an allophane. Minerals in the sand fraction were dominated by labradorite and augite, with some layers were hypersthene and green hornblende.
The Potential of Potassium Fertilizers in Improving the Availability and Uptake of Potassium in Rice Grown on Entisol
Authors: Hartati Sri , Suryono . , Purnama Lia Sari 
Published: July 2020

Entisol is a marginal soil spreading over some areas in Indonesia. It has loose soil consistency, low aggregation rates, sensitive to erosion, and low nutrient content. Entisol has high K deficiency. Potassium plays an important role in rice growth (Oryza sativa). The aim of the research was to study the effects of type and dose of potassium fertilizers on available K in Entisol and its uptake by rice plants. The study was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with 2 factors, i.e. the types of potassium fertilizers (KCl, ZK and KNO3) and doses of potassium fertilizers (0 kg K2O ha-1, 50 kg K2O ha-1, 100 kg K2O ha-1, and 150 kg K2O ha-1), with three replications. The results showed that the type of potassium fertilizers applied resulted in similar effects on almost all soil and plant parameters. The dose of potassium fertilizers significantly affected all soil and plant parameters, the higher the doses, the higher the values of the parameters observed.
Phosphate Adsorption Capacity of Allophane from Two Volcanic Mountains in Indonesia
Authors: Airlangga Tandaditya Ariefandra , Matsue Naoto , Hanudin Eko , Johan Erni 
Published: July 2020

Allophane is known as clay mineral with high capacity of phosphate adsorption via ligand-exchange mechanism. This study aims to compare the phosphate adsorption characteristics by allophane from Mt. Merapi and Mt. Lawu in relation to its chemical and mineralogical properties. The results of X-Ray Flourescence analysis shows that both allophane samples from Merapi and Lawu have low Si/Al ratio, i.e. 1.18 and 1.16, respectively. Infrared spectral characteristics of the allophane materials indicated that the main adsorption bands appeared at the range of 2700-3700 cm-1 (due to stretching vibration of all hydroxyl (OH) groups), 1400 – 1800 cm-1 (vibration of HOH deformation), and 650 - 1200 cm-1 (vibration between the Si-O-Al). Adsorption experiment of phosphate on allophane samples were conducted at initial adsorbate concentration of up to 2.0 mM and at pH 4.0 and 8.0. Phosphate adsorption capacity of allophane shows that both allophane from Merapi and Lawu are categorized as very high in adsorbing phosphate and fit well with the Langmuir adsorption equation. Phosphate adsorption increases with decreasing pH due to the positive charge sites such as Al-OH2+ in the allophane structure increase. Another reason is the negative charge of phosphate gradually decreases from -2 to -1 with decreasing pH, and the repulsive force between the negatively charged Si-O- in the allophane structure and phosphate anions decreases.
Asociación entre las características antropométricas y la condición física en jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas
Authors: Romarate A. , Granados C. , Iturricastillo A. , Lizundia M. , Yanci Irigoyen J. 
Published: July 2020

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron, en primer lugar, describir las características antropométricas y de la condición física en jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas (BSR), en segundo lugar, analizar la asociación entre las características antropométricas y la condición física y, en tercer lugar, estudiar la asociación existente entre las distintas capacidades físicas. Once jugadores (33,82 ± 10,17 años, 74,50 ± 5,18 cm talla sentados) de la Primera División de la Liga española de BSR participaron en este estudio. Las características antropométricas (masa corporal, pliegues cutáneos, perímetros y diámetros corporales), y la condición física (capacidad de aceleración, cambio de dirección, fuerza muscular y capacidad aeróbica) fueron medidas. Los resultados mostraron una asociación significativa entre el sumatorio de pliegues y el tiempo en el test Pick-up (r = -0,64±0,35 CL, p < 0,05), el test maximal pass (Mpass) (r = 0,74;±0,28 CL, p < 0,01) y el test de lanzamiento de balón medicinal (Bmed) (0,73;±0,29 CL, p < 0,05). Los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio muestran que las características antropométricas podrían estar relacionadas con la capacidad de cambio de dirección y la fuerza muscular en jugadores de BSR de categoría nacional (primera división española).
The three main objectives of this paper were, in first place, to describe the anthropometric characteristics and the physical conditions and in wheelchair basketball (WB) players, in second place, to analyze the relation between the anthropometric characteristics and the physical conditions, and in third place, to study the association between the different physical conditions. Eleven players (33,82 ± 10,17 years, 74,50 ± 5,18 cm sitting size) from the First Division of the Spanish WB League took part in this study. The anthropometric characteristics (body mass, skin folds and body perimeters and diameters), and physical condition (acceleration, change of direction, muscular strength and aerobic capacity) were measured. The obtained results shown an significant association between the summation of the folds and the time in the Pick-up test (r = -0,64±0,35 CL, p < 0,05), in the maximal pass test (Mpass) (r = 0,74;±0,28 CL, p < 0,01) and the test of the medicine ball throw (0,73;±0,29 CL, p < 0,05). The results obtained in the present study show that the anthropometric characteristics could be related to the change direction ability and muscle strength in WB players of national category (Spanish First division).
Identificando los factores que afectan al desarrollo sostenible en instalaciones deportivas de la provincia de Jorasán Razaví
Authors: Rahmani H. , Hami M. , Dosti M. 
Published: July 2020

El objetivo fue identificar los factores que afectan al desarrollo sostenible en las instalaciones deportivas de la provincia de Jorasán Razaví y diseñar un modelo cualitativo de estos factores. La muestra de este estudio estuvo compuesta por 15 participantes (profesores de universidad de gestión deportiva, ejecutivos del Ministerio de Deportes y gestores deportivos expertos de la provincia de Jorasán Razaví). Las entrevistas fueron la principal herramienta de recopilación de datos. Para analizar los datos, las opiniones de los expertos (texto) fueron codificadas y categorizadas. Finalmente, las categorías identificadas se analizaron de acuerdo con el modelo conceptual de investigación (conceptos, componentes e indicadores) y se resumió la adición de nuevos componentes. Este proceso se realizó con el software MAXQDA versión 18. Según las opiniones de los expertos analizados, varios factores afectan al desarrollo sostenible de las instalaciones deportivas en la provincia de Jorasán Razaví. El factor más importante fue el referido a los usuarios y el factor menos importante fue el de privatización. La gestión, la seguridad y los recursos humanos también fueron cuestiones importantes.
The objective was to identify the factors affecting sustainable development in sports facilities of Razavi Khorasan Province and to design a qualitative model of these factors. The sample of this study consisted of 15 participants (faculty members of sport management, executives of the Ministry of Sport and expert managers of sporting places of Razavi Khorasan Province). In-depth interviews were used as the main data collection tool. In order to analyze the data, the opinions of the experts (text) were coded and categorized. Finally, the identified categories were analyzed according to the conceptual model of research (concepts, components and indicators) and the addition of new components was summarized. This process was carried out with MAXQDA version 18 software. According to the views of the experts analyzed, various factors affect the sustainable development of sports facilities in Razavi Khorasan province. The most important factor was users and the least important factor was privatization. Management, safety, and human resources were also important issues.
Craniofacial characteristics of Syrian adolescents with Class II division 1 malocclusion: a retrospective study
Authors: Al Ayoubi Alaa , Dalla Torre Daniel , Madléna Melinda 
Published: July 2020

BackgroundMalocclusion characteristics vary across different ethnic groups and populations. Limited data are available regarding the characteristics of Syrian adolescents with Class II division 1 (Class II-1) malocclusion, and the recent inflow of Syrian refugees and immigrants into Europe and many areas worldwide demonstrate the need for updated studies to discover the craniofacial characteristics of these new immigrants.ObjectivesThe present compound cephalometric and tooth-size study sought to assess the dentofacial morphology, upper-airway dimensions, and tooth-size characteristics of Syrian adolescents with Class II-1 malocclusion and compare the results with established Syrian population norms.Materials and MethodsThe study sample consisted of 43 Syrian patients including 24 females and 19 males with Class II-1 malocclusion (age: 14.3 (±1.5) years, mean (±SD)). Cephalometric radiographs and orthodontic casts were analyzed using special orthodontic software (OnyxCeph3™) and a universal digital caliper, respectively. Statistics were calculated using the SPSS software.ResultsIn Syrian adolescents with Class II-1 malocclusion, the position of the mandible relative to the nasion perpendicular (mean (95% confidence interval)) was −11.01 (−12.45, −9.57) mm. Facial axis angle showed a negative value: −6.25 (−7.65, −4.85) degrees. An obtuse nasolabial angle was observed: 104.05 (101.77, 106.33) degrees. The average width of the upper pharynx was 11.50 (10.53, 12.47) mm; however, there was no prevalence of an upper-pharyngeal width of 5 mm or less. The average value of the anterior tooth-size ratio was 80.69 (79.85, 81.53) percent. In total, 39.5% of the investigated subjects had anterior ratios outside two standard deviations from Bolton’s norm, while 25.6% of the investigated subjects had anterior ratios outside two standard deviations from Syrian population norm.ConclusionsIn this study, the inter-maxillary discrepancy of Class II-1 Syrian adolescents was a consequence of their hyperdivergent facial pattern. The observed small pharyngeal widths were not clinically significant, while the anterior tooth-size discrepancy might be clinically relevant.
Comparison for Kmean and Astigmatism for Orbscan IIz and Pentacam at Different Stages of Keratoconus - A Clinical Study
Authors: Pateras E. , Koufala Ch. 
Published: July 2020

Aims: To compare results of Orbscan IIz and Pentacam at different stages of keratoconus on Kmean and Astigmatism.
Sample and Study Design: 94 keratoconus patients were included in the study, of which 52 were men and 42 women. Keratoconus patients were screened with Orbscan IIz and Pentacam before undergoing corneal collagen cross-linking. The patients were distributed according to different keratoconus stages.
Place and Duration of Study: University of West Attica Dept Biomedical Sciensce Course Optics & Optometry in collaboration with Athens “Ophthalmiatrio” Clinic during the period between October 2017 to January 2019.
Methodology: Topographic maps correlation of two types of corneal topographers Orbscan IIz and Pentacam. The Kmean values and the Astigmatism presented at different stages of keratoconus were compared.
Results: A Sample of 188 eyes were measured having, 20 eyes (10.6%) with subclinical keratoconus, the correlation coefficient r for Kmean values between Orbscan IIz and Pentacam was 0.9758 (P<0.0001), 44 eyes (23.3%) at stage 1 with the correlation coefficient r=0.8482 (P<0.0001), 33 eyes (17.6%) at stage 2 with the correlation coefficient r=0.8147 (P<0.0001), 67 eyes (35.6%) at stage 3 with the correlation coefficient r=0.797 (P<0.0001), 10 eyes (5.3%) at stage 4 with the correlation coefficient r=0.8455 (P=0.0021), 8 eyes (4.4%) with iatrogenic keratoectasia after refractive surgery having correlation coefficient r=0.928 (P=0.0009).
Conclusion: Statistical differences between Orbscan IIz and Pentacam were found for Kmean in all stages of keratoconus. The performance for Kmean measurement of the corneal topographers Orbscan IIz and Pentacam is satisfactory for both systems in various stages of keratoconus having a very strong correlation (Correlation coefficient r ranged from 0.9758 to 0.7970). Statistical differences between Orbscan IIz and Pentacam were evident also at the Astigmatism measurements at stage 3 and 4.
Direct Observation of Worm‐Like Nanochannels and Emergent Magnon Motifs in Artificial Ferromagnetic Quasicrystals
Authors: Watanabe Sho , Bhat Vinayak S. , Baumgaertl Korbinian , Grundler Dirk 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuasicrystalline structures and aperiodic metamaterials find applications ranging from established consumer gadgets to potential high‐tech photonic components owing to both complex arrangements of constituents and exotic rotational symmetries. Magnonics is an evolving branch of magnetism research where information is transported via magnetization oscillations (magnons). Their control and manipulation are so far best accomplished in periodic metamaterials which exhibit properties artificially modulated on the nanoscale. They give rise to functional components, such as band stop filters, magnonic transistors and nanograting couplers. Here, spin‐wave excitations in artificial ferromagnetic quasicrystals created via aperiodic arrangement of nanoholes are studied experimentally. Their ten‐fold rotational symmetry results in multiplexed magnonic nanochannels, suggesting a width down to 50 nm inside a so‐called Conway worm. Key elements of design are emergent magnon motifs and the worm‐like features which are scale‐invariant and not present in the periodic metamaterials. By imaging wavefronts in quasicrystals, insight is gained into how the discovered features materialize as a dense wavelength division multiplexer.
Microporous Biodegradable Films Promote Therapeutic Angiogenesis
Authors: Hendow Eseelle K. , Moazen Mehran , Iacoviello Francesco , Bozec Laurent , Pellet‐Many Caroline , Day Richard M. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractPeripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischemia are common symptoms of cardiovascular disease. Vascular surgery is used to create a bypass around occluded blood vessels to improve blood flow to ischemic muscle, thus avoiding the need for amputation. Attempts to vascularize tissues by therapeutic angiogenesis using delivery of exogenous angiogenic agents are underwhelming. A material‐based approach that provides an endogenous stimulus capable of promoting angiogenesis and increased tissue perfusion would provide a paradigm shift in treatment options available. It is reported here that microporous biodegradable films produced using thermally induced phase separation provide a localized biophysical stimulus of proangiogenic genes in vivo that is associated with increased blood vessel density and restoration of blood flow to ischemic tissue. These findings show, for the first time, that acellular, nonfunctionalized biodegradable biomaterials can provide an innovative, material‐based approach for therapeutic angiogenesis to enhance tissue reperfusion in vivo.
Reconfigurable and Recyclable Circuits Based on Liquid Passive Components
Authors: Gao Naiwei , Wu Xun , He Yonglin , Ma Qiang , Wang Yapei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLiquid conductors are an intriguing substitute for traditional solid‐state materials for fabricating reconfigurable and recyclable circuits in electronic devices. However, most liquid conductors are costly and suffer from low conductivity that immensely slows their development in liquid reactance elements. Here, a solvated ionic liquid (SIL) with low cost and high conductivity is formulated by employing hydrogen‐bonding complex between 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride and ethylene glycol. This SIL can be used for manufacturing liquid passive components such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors, which can be easily assembled into electronic devices with signal filtering functions. In addition, fluidic circuits have great potential for building a woven dynamic circuit that allows to handle various tasks under the same electronic module. This strategy opens an avenue for expanding the usage of liquid conductors to broader electronics designs.