bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aquinas, Sense Pleasure, and the State of Grace
Authors: Rispoli Maria Suso 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThis essay uses Aquinas’ Summa Theologiae to argue that a person living in what the Catholic tradition calls the “state of grace” has a greater capacity to appreciate sense pleasure than one who is not. Aquinas believes sense pleasures conduce to good if reason elevates them and integrates them into a Christian's life. However, heightened appreciation of sense pleasure requires three conditions. First, the Christian must seek licit, reasonable pleasures that both satisfy external criteria and leave the person internally well-ordered. Second, he must attempt continual purification through asceticism, since the sense appetite tends to rebel against the guidance of reason. However, asceticism is not an end in itself, but it rather assists the Christian in integration that ultimately allows for a full, rightly ordered appreciation of sense pleasures. Third, the Christian must not seek sense pleasure as an end in itself but receive it as a gift and pledge of higher joys. Ultimately, the Thomistic approach toward sense pleasure is one of appreciation and integration rather than distrust. While a Christian might experience quantitatively less sense pleasure, his more integrated, qualitative experience is better.
Epidural Steroid Injections for the Management of Spinal Malignancy‐Related Pain: A Pragmatic Review and Retrospective Study
Authors: Oh Daniel Chun‐suk , Rispoli Leia , Ghosh Priyanka , Gulati Amitabh 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundSpinal malignancy‐related pain results from tumor, fracture, instability, inflammation, and/or nerve root/spinal cord compression. Systemic corticosteroids are commonly used but have many undesirable adverse effects that impact quality of life and continuation of cancer treatments. Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) may be a viable alternative pain treatment.ObjectivesThis study starts with a pragmatic review on the efficacy of ESIs to treat spinal malignancy‐related pain. Given the limited evidence, we supplement the study with a single‐center, retrospective review.MethodsA pragmatic review using PRISMA guidelines was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Review. Then, a retrospective chart review was performed.ResultsA pragmatic review yielded 10 patients who underwent ESI for spinal malignancy‐related pain. Three patients had “excellent” relief (≥ 50% relief), who all received thoracic injections. This amounted to level IV evidence and an inconclusive recommendation (Grade C) as per Wright’s criteria. In our retrospective review, all thoracic cases achieved at least “moderate” pain improvement (30% to 49% relief). 55.6% had “excellent” relief. Lumbosacral injections resulted in 86.0% with at least “moderate” relief and 69.8% with “excellent” relief. Caudal injections were less likely to benefit than lumbosacral injections (P = 0.02). The transforaminal approach resulted in the best relief. There were no adverse events.ConclusionsThere is inconclusive evidence to use ESIs to treat spinal malignancy‐related pain in the current literature. Our retrospective review provides level III evidence for our conclusion that ESIs are safe and efficacious to treat spinal malignancy‐related pain. Thoracic/lumbosacral injections led to significantly better pain relief compared with caudal injections.
Proteomic analysis demonstrates that parthenogenetically activated swamp buffalo embryos have dysregulated energy metabolism
Authors: Pu Liping , Shahzad Qaisar , Chen Fumen , Yao Shun , Tang Yuyan , Chen Dongrong , Yu Kai , Xie Long , Xu Huiyan , Zhang Ming , Lu Yangqing 
Published: October 2020

AbstractThe comprehensive understanding of early embryo development is essential to optimize in vitro culture conditions. Protein expression landscape of parthenogenetically produced embryo remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the protein expression dynamics with a particular focus on energy metabolism throughout the early developmental stages of parthenogenetic buffalo embryos. For this purpose, we performed iTRAQ‐based quantitative mass spectrometry and identified 280 proteins common in all stages. A total of 933 proteins were identified during the proteomics analysis. The data depicted that morula and blastocyst had distinct protein expression dynamics as compared to 2‐ to 16‐cell‐stage embryo. KEGG pathway analysis showed 23 proteins belonging to energy metabolism appeared in the data. Study of energy metabolism‐related protein's expression pattern demonstrated that there was asynchrony in proteins related to glycolysis throughout the examined developmental stages. The expression pattern of pyruvate kinase mutase (PKM), an essential protein of glycolysis, indicated a slightly decreasing trend from 2‐cell‐stage embryo to blastocyst, and it was supported by expression of proteins involved in lactate production (LDHA and LDHB) suggesting the decreasing rate of aerobic glycolysis (Warburg Effect) at morula and blastocyst stage. The increased Warburg Effect is considered as the hallmark of proliferating cells or embryo at the blastocyst stage. Furthermore, the proteins involved in the citric acid cycle also showed down‐regulation at the blastocyst stage, indicating a lesser role of oxidative phosphorylation at this stage. Therefore, it could be divulged from the study that there may be an irregular pattern of energy metabolism in early parthenogenetic embryos. Further studies are recommended to understand this phenomenon.
The calcium concentration of peritoneal dialysis solution modifies levels of key mediators of peritoneal fibrosis
Authors: Miao Chusheng , Xue Xiangliang , Dai Li , Zhao Ruiyu , Zhao Zhangjian , Song Hanlei , Jin Huanlin , Li Shanshan , Xue Zengqi 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the effects of different calcium concentrations of peritoneal dialysis solution (PDS) on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and expression of vimentin (VIM), fibroblast‐specific protein (FSP1), and E‐cadherin.Materials and MethodsThis was a pilot study (#ChiCTR1900021387) conducted from January 2017 to December 2019 at the Hospital. The patients were randomized to undergo CAPD using PDS with a calcium concentration of 1.25 mmol/L (low concentration group) or 1.75 mmol/L (high concentration group). Changes in biochemistry before dialysis and at 6 and 12 months were analyzed.ResultsThere were 50 and 52 participants in the low and high calcium groups. The blood biochemical indexes were all different between the two groups (all Ptime < .05, Pgroup < .05, Pinteraction < .05), but they remained within their normal ranges. VIM and FSP1 increased over 12 months (Ptime < .05); VIM and FSP1 levels in the high concentration group were higher than in the low concentration group (Pgroup < .05, Pinteraction < .05), while E‐cadherin showed the inverse association (Ptime < .001, Pgroup < .001, Pinteraction < .001). There was no difference in complications (P = .973).ConclusionThe calcium concentration in PDS might be an important factor affecting the progression of peritoneal fibrosis.
Achieving dialysis adequacy: A global perspective
Authors: Bharati Joyita , Jha Vivekanand 
Published: October 2020

AbstractDialysis adequacy is conventionally quantified as net urea clearance. Single pool (sp) Kt/Vurea remains the best studied measure of dialysis adequacy globally. Other measures such as fluid status control, anemia correction, and mineral metabolism are monitored variably. Increasing use of hemodiafiltration across Europe and many parts of Japan and Australia is predicated on studies showing better patient survival with middle molecule clearance. Apart from local clinical practice guidelines, the income level and public health policy of a country determine quality of dialysis services. Among developed nations, small solute clearance adequacy targets are achieved with high frequency. In the United States, dialysis adequacy target is met by focussing on high blood flow rates and large dialyzer size, sometimes at the cost of session time. In Japan, Australia, and Germany, session length is given importance. Dialysis adequacy reporting is restricted and inconsistent in developing nations. The Gulf Cooperation Council countries, Russia and Malaysia, respectively, are close to achieving dialysis adequacy target (spKt/Vurea ≥1.2) universally in their dialysis populations. Patient‐reported outcomes are typically measured only in developed countries. Patient survival on dialysis, partly linked to dialysis adequacy, varies greatly around the world, with Japan having the best survival rates. Until the development of better markers of dialysis adequacy, universal consistency in reporting of conventional parameters with a focus on patient‐reported measures should be endeavored.
Cenozoic coastal carbonate deposits of Qatar: Evidence for dolomite preservation bias in highly‐arid systems
Authors: Rivers John M. , Yousif Ruqaiya , Kaczmarek Stephen E. , Al‐Shaikh Ismail 
Published: October 2020

AbstractIn the ancient rock record, early replacement of metastable marine calcium carbonate deposits by dolomite has long been associated with evidence of arid depositional environments. Such associations led to the development of the seepage reflux dolomitization model, whereby magnesium‐rich marine waters concentrated by evaporation descend into underlying sediments, replacing primary aragonite and calcite deposits with dolomite through rock–water interaction. In the modern arid coastal systems of Qatar, where marine waters concentrate to halite saturation, both aqueous geochemical measurements and mineralogical investigations show that replacement of calcium carbonate deposits by dolomite is not occurring to any consequential degree. At best dolomite formation is minor and localized. Instead, modern and mid‐Holocene coastal deposits retain their original mineralogy, showing little evidence of carbonate precipitation reactions with the notable exception of beachrock formation. Pleistocene coastal deposits are mostly absent in comparison with both Qatar Holocene coastal deposits, and Pleistocene coastal deposits from more humid settings. The lack of onshore Pleistocene‐aged carbonate outcrops in Qatar, as well as regionally, is interpreted to reflect coastal sediment denudation during emergence due to: (i) the absence of coastal marine lithification; and (ii) the absence of meteoric cementation and root stabilization in the highly‐arid realm. In contrast, marine Palaeogene and Miocene carbonate deposits are preserved in outcrop in Qatar, having suffered marine lithification by dolomite, thus promoting retention of carbonate strata through subsequent lowstands. These older deposits formed during times of ocean acidification, which, based on natural system and laboratory investigations, is interpreted to promote metastable carbonate dissolution and dolomite formation. The highly‐arid Holocene and Pleistocene coastal systems of Qatar represent limestone factories, but these deposits are not being retained to the rock record. Based on these observations, the association between the occurrence of dolomite and arid depositional settings may be to some degree a preservation bias.
Interprofessional Education on Complementary and Integrative Medicine
Authors: Homberg Angelika , Stock‐Schröer Beate 
Published: October 2020

AbstractBackgroundInterprofessional education and complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) strive for patient‐centred medical care. Combining both concepts in education seems promising to prepare students for future health care. This article explores the question of what should be considered in undergraduate interprofessional training on complementary and integrative medicine for students of medicine and other health care professions and what benefits can be expected.MethodsA three‐round Delphi study was conducted with experts from varied professional backgrounds who have experience in teaching and patient care to address CIM training in the above‐mentioned setting. Presented here are the results of the third round, in which 40 experts were asked open questions about what benefits/opportunities and what barriers/challenges they expect when such training programmes are offered. The statements were inductively evaluated by content analysis, to develop categories and subcategories.ResultsThe response rate was 90% (n = 36). The categories (and most frequently mentioned subcategories) were as follows: Regarding benefits: patient care (strengthening holistic and patient‐centred care); teaching and learning (learning together); faculty development (opening up new perspectives); and regarding barriers: teaching and learning (uncritical teaching); faculty development (lack of acceptance); implementation (difficult scheduling).ConclusionExperts expect interprofessional teaching on CIM to have positive effects not only on holistic and team‐oriented patient care but also on faculty development. It might be challenging to teach the topics in a critical manner and on a scientific basis to ensure high‐quality teaching. The results of this study can be used to promote an appropriate implementation of such training programmes.
A promiscuous coenzyme A ligase provides benzoyl‐coenzyme A for xanthone biosynthesis in Hypericum
Authors: Singh Poonam , Preu Lutz , Beuerle Till , Kaufholdt David , Hänsch Robert , Beerhues Ludger , Gaid Mariam 
Published: October 2020

SUMMARYBenzoic acid‐derived compounds, such as polyprenylated benzophenones and xanthones, attract the interest of scientists due to challenging chemical structures and diverse biological activities. The genus Hypericum is of high medicinal value, as exemplified by H. perforatum. It is rich in benzophenone and xanthone derivatives, the biosynthesis of which requires the catalytic activity of benzoate‐coenzyme A (benzoate‐CoA) ligase (BZL), which activates benzoic acid to benzoyl‐CoA. Despite remarkable research so far done on benzoic acid biosynthesis in planta, all previous structural studies of BZL genes and proteins are exclusively related to benzoate‐degrading microorganisms. Here, a transcript for a plant acyl‐activating enzyme (AAE) was cloned from xanthone‐producing Hypericum calycinum cell cultures using transcriptomic resources. An increase in the HcAAE1 transcript level preceded xanthone accumulation after elicitor treatment, as previously observed with other pathway‐related genes. Subcellular localization of reporter fusions revealed the dual localization of HcAAE1 to cytosol and peroxisomes owing to a type 2 peroxisomal targeting signal. This result suggests the generation of benzoyl‐CoA in Hypericum by the CoA‐dependent non‐β‐oxidative route. A luciferase‐based substrate specificity assay and the kinetic characterization indicated that HcAAE1 exhibits promiscuous substrate preference, with benzoic acid being the sole aromatic substrate accepted. Unlike 4‐coumarate‐CoA ligase and cinnamate‐CoA ligase enzymes, HcAAE1 did not accept 4‐coumaric and cinnamic acids, respectively. The substrate preference was corroborated by in silico modeling, which indicated valid docking of both benzoic acid and its adenosine monophosphate intermediate in the HcAAE1/BZL active site cavity.
Effect of the Honeycomb Tip With Injection on the Aerodynamic Performance in a 1.5-Stage Turbine
Authors: Yu Jianyang , Wang Yabo , Song Yanping , Chen Fu 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Three kinds of rotor tip configurations have been investigated numerically in the LISA 1.5-stage turbine, including the flat tip, the honeycomb tip, and the honeycomb tip with injection. The effect of the cavity depth and the injection mass flowrate on the turbine performance is studied in detail, evaluated by the isentropic total-to-total efficiency and the tip leakage mass flowrate. The Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) method and the k–ω turbulence model are adopted in all the present computations. The numerical results show that the first-stage efficiency is increased by up to 0.66% and the tip leakage mass flowrate is reduced by about 1.87% of the main flow. The pressure field and the flow feature inside the gap are explored. The flow structures and the total pressure loss contours in the rotor passage are presented. Finally, the total pressure loss is newly defined by considering the injection effect. It is indicated that the injection mass flowrate should be carefully determined for excellent overall performance.
Cardiometabolic and Perceptual Responses to Body-Weight Resistance High-Intensity Interval Exercise in Boys
Authors: Ricci Jeanette M. , Astorino Todd A. , Currie Katharine D. , Pfeiffer Karin A. 
Published: October 2020

The majority of studies examining children’s responses to high-intensity interval exercise primarily utilized running; however, this modality does not require/include other important aspects of physical activity including muscular fitness. Purpose: To compare acute responses between a body weight resistance exercise circuit (CIRC) and treadmill-based (TM) high-intensity interval exercise. Method: A total of 17 boys (age = 9.7 [1.3] y) completed a graded exercise test to determine peak heart rate, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), and maximal aerobic speed. Sessions were randomized and counterbalanced. CIRC required 2 sets of 30-second maximal repetitions of 4 exercises. TM included eight 30-second bouts of running at 100% maximal aerobic speed. Both included 30-second active recovery between bouts. Blood lactate concentration was measured preexercise and postexercise. Rating of perceived exertion, affective valence, and enjoyment were recorded preexercise, after intervals 3 and 6, and postexercise. Results: Participants attained 88% (5%) peak heart rate and 74% (9%) VO2peak for CIRC and 89% (4%) peak heart rate and 81% (6%) VO2peak for TM, with a significant difference in percentage of VO2peak (P = .003) between protocols. Postexercise blood lactate concentration was higher following CIRC (5.0 [0.7] mM) versus TM (2.0 [0.3] mM) (P < .001). Rating of perceived exertion, affective valence, and enjoyment responses did not differ between protocols (P > .05). Conclusion: HR responses were near maximal during CIRC, supporting that this body-weight circuit is representative of high-intensity interval exercise.
First trimester cerebral appearance in the presence of closed spina bifida with myelomeningocele, part of the oeis complex
Authors: Ungureanu Delia Roxana , Zorila Lucian George , Capitanescu Razvan Grigoras , Iliescu Dominic Gabriel 
Published: October 2020

Our communication presents a prenatally detected case with severe spinal defect detected in the first trimester of pregnancy, accompanied by a large skin-covered myelomeningocele but normal cranio-cerebral structural appearance.These findings suggest that in the first trimester, the extent of the spinal defect, the cerebrospinal fluid leakage to a large, but skin-covered, meningocele and fixation of the spinal cord at the lesion are not sufficient to determine downward hindbrain displacement and the development of secondary signs for open spina bifida.Therefore, we suggest a careful evaluation of the fetal cerebral features if a meningocele is detected. The presence of the skin covering the lesion may not be evident in the first trimester, but the absence of intracranial open spina bifida markers may indicate a ‘closed’ spinal defect, which generally associates a good neurological outcome. Also, studies aimed to investigate the accuracy of the intracranial features for open spina bifida detection should consider the possibility of ‘closed’ myelomeningoceles to avoid incorrect correlations.
Effect of school closures on mortality from coronavirus disease 2019: old and new predictions
Authors: Rice Ken , Wynne Ben , Martin Victoria , Ackland Graeme J 
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Objective
To replicate and analyse the information available to UK policymakers when the lockdown decision was taken in March 2020 in the United Kingdom.

Design
Independent calculations using the CovidSim code, which implements Imperial College London’s individual based model, with data available in March 2020 applied to the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) epidemic.

Setting
Simulations considering the spread of covid-19 in Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Population
About 70 million simulated people matched as closely as possible to actual UK demographics, geography, and social behaviours.

Main outcome measures
Replication of summary data on the covid-19 epidemic reported to the UK government Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), and a detailed study of unpublished results, especially the effect of school closures.

Results
The CovidSim model would have produced a good forecast of the subsequent data if initialised with a reproduction number of about 3.5 for covid-19. The model predicted that school closures and isolation of younger people would increase the total number of deaths, albeit postponed to a second and subsequent waves. The findings of this study suggest that prompt interventions were shown to be highly effective at reducing peak demand for intensive care unit (ICU) beds but also prolong the epidemic, in some cases resulting in more deaths long term. This happens because covid-19 related mortality is highly skewed towards older age groups. In the absence of an effective vaccination programme, none of the proposed mitigation strategies in the UK would reduce the predicted total number of deaths below 200 000.

Conclusions
It was predicted in March 2020 that in response to covid-19 a broad lockdown, as opposed to a focus on shielding the most vulnerable members of society, would reduce immediate demand for ICU beds at the cost of more deaths long term. The optimal strategy for saving lives in a covid-19 epidemic is different from that anticipated for an influenza epidemic with a different mortality age profile.
Can extranodal tumour deposits be diagnosed on MRI? Protocol for a multicentre clinical trial (the COMET trial)
Authors: Lord Amy C , Moran Brendan , Abulafi Muti , Rasheed Shahnawaz , Nagtegaal Iris D , Terlizzo Monica , Brown Gina 
Published: October 2020

IntroductionTumour deposits (TDs) are a poor prognostic marker when seen on pathology, and are worse than lymph node metastases (LNMs). They are now being reported on MRI as discontinuous nodules of extramural venous invasion but this diagnosis has not been validated and it is unclear how it correlates with the diagnosis of TDs on pathology.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective interventional clinical trial which aims to directly map the location of TDs on MRI and correlate what is seen on MRI with the pathology findings at each location. All patients with rectal cancer undergoing resectional surgery are eligible (including those undergoing preoperative therapy). The primary outcome is the prevalence of TDs seen on pathology. Secondary outcomes are to assess radiological and pathological interobserver agreement, assess the effect of TDs on prognosis and carry out exploratory work looking at differences between TDs and LNMs. The estimated sample size is 100 to detect a twofold increase in the pathological diagnosis of TD when MRI mapping is used.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been granted from the South Central—Hampshire B Research and Ethics Committee (IRAS 217627). The study will be carried out under standard operative procedures within the Royal Marsden Hospital.Trial registration numberNCT03303547.