bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delivering healthcare’s ‘triple aim’: electronic health records and the health research participant in the UK National Health Service
Authors: Wyatt David , Lampon Scott , McKevitt Christopher 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe UK National Health Service (NHS) is changing. Consecutive UK industrial strategies have supported the shift from an NHS that provides free‐at‐point‐of‐delivery healthcare to one that also facilitates research. Said to promote healthcare’s triple aim of ‘better health, better healthcare, and lower cost’ (Wachter, 2016, 3), the digitisation of patient records is a core part in opening routine aspects of the health system to potential research. In this paper, we thematically analyse 11 policy documents and ask, how does the NHS discuss its decision to digitise patient records and what are the implications of such practices on the citizen? We document how (1) digitisation is presented as a collective endeavour for patients and NHS professionals, offering new possibilities for patients to participate in their own health and that of the population through research and, (2) digitisation contributes to the building of an efficient health system. Through this analysis we reflect on how discussions of digitisation present uncritically the potential of Electronic Health Records and big data analytics to improve care and generate wealth through research, and reconfigure patienthood, by placing research participation as a routine part of accessing NHS healthcare.
Antifatigue effects of anshenyizhi compound in acute excise‐treated mouse via modulation of AMPK/PGC‐1α‐related energy metabolism and Nrf2/ARE‐mediated oxidative stress
Authors: Peng Xiaoming , Gao Li , Aibai Silafu 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThe anshenyizhi compound (AC), a mixture from Chinese medicine herbs, has numerous biological effects. In the present study, the acute exercise‐treated mice model was established to explore the antifatigue properties of AC and its underlying mechanisms. AC increased exercise endurance in the weight‐loaded forced swimming test and rota‐rod test. The antifatigue properties of AC were closely correlated with enhancing the body's exercise endurance by increasing the levels of cyanmethemoglobin, testosterone/corticosterone, and creatine kinase, while decreasing the levels of lactic acid, lactate dehydrogenase, and blood urea nitrogen in serum. Moreover, our results confirmed the antioxidant ability of AC by improving the activities of superoxide dismutase while reducing reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels in serum. The AC also improved the storage of glycogen by increasing the levels of succinate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase in liver and muscle. Additionally, AC displayed the antifatigue and antiapoptosis effects via regulating Nrf2‐mediated oxidative stress, AMPK‐related glucose metabolism, and p53 pathways. Our experimental results first provided a support that AC had effects on antifatigue through regulating AMPK/PGC‐1α‐related energy metabolism and Nrf2/ARE‐mediated oxidative stress. Consequently, AC could be developed into a new functional food supplement for the prevention and treatment of diseases related to fatigue in the future.
Characteristics and nutrient function of intestinal bacterial communities in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae in livestock manure conversion
Authors: Ao Yue , Yang Chongrui , Wang Shengchen , Hu Qingyi , Yi Li , Zhang Jibin , Yu Ziniu , Cai Minmin , Yu Chan 
Published: May 2020

SummaryThe potential utility of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) to convert animal waste into harvested protein or lipid sources for feeding animal or producing biodiesel provides a new strategy for agricultural waste management. In this study, the taxonomic structure and potential metabolic and nutrient functions of the intestinal bacterial communities of BSFL were investigated in chicken and swine manure conversion systems. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in the BSFL gut in both the swine and chicken manure systems. After the larvae were fed manure, the proportion of Proteobacteria in their gut significantly decreased, while that of Bacteroidetes remarkably increased. Compared with the original intestinal bacterial community, approximately 90 and 109 new genera were observed in the BSFL gut during chicken and swine manure conversion, and at least half of the initial intestinal genera found remained in the gut during manure conversion. This result may be due to the presence of specialized crypts or paunches that promote microbial persistence and bacteria–host interactions. Ten core genera were found in all 21 samples, and the top three phyla among all of the communities in terms of relative abundance were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The nutrient elements (OM, TN, TP, TK and CF) of manure may partly affect the succession of gut bacterial communities with one another, while TN and CF are strongly positively correlated with the relative abundance of Providencia. Some bacterial taxa with the reported ability to synthesize amino acids, Rhizobiales, Burkholderia, Bacteroidales, etc., were also observed in the BSFL gut. Functional analysis based on genes showed that intestinal microbes potentially contribute to the nutrition of BSFL and the high‐level amino acid metabolism may partly explain the biological mechanisms of protein accumulation in the BSFL body. These results are helpful in understanding the biological mechanisms of high‐efficiency nutrient conversion in BSFL associated with intestinal microbes.
TORC1 signaling regulates cytoplasmic pH through Sir2 in yeast
Authors: Devare Mayur Nimbadas , Kim Yeong Hyeock , Jung Joohye , Kang Woo Kyu , Kwon Ki‐Sun , Kim Jeong‐Yoon 
Published: May 2020

AbstractGlucose controls the phosphorylation of silent information regulator 2 (Sir2), a NAD+‐dependent protein deacetylase, which regulates the expression of the ATP‐dependent proton pump Pma1 and replicative lifespan (RLS) in yeast. TORC1 signaling, which is a central regulator of cell growth and lifespan, is regulated by glucose as well as nitrogen sources. In this study, we demonstrate that TORC1 signaling controls Sir2 phosphorylation through casein kinase 2 (CK2) to regulate PMA1 expression and cytoplasmic pH (pHc) in yeast. Inhibition of TORC1 signaling by either TOR1 deletion or rapamycin treatment decreased PMA1 expression, pHc, and vacuolar pH, whereas activation of TORC1 signaling by expressing constitutively active GTR1 (GTR1Q65L) resulted in the opposite phenotypes. Deletion of SIR2 or expression of a phospho‐mutant form of SIR2 increased PMA1 expression, pHc, and vacuolar pH in the tor1Δ mutant, suggesting a functional interaction between Sir2 and TORC1 signaling. Furthermore, deletion of TOR1 or KNS1 encoding a LAMMER kinase decreased the phosphorylation level of Sir2, suggesting that TORC1 signaling controls Sir2 phosphorylation. It was also found that Sit4, a protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)‐like phosphatase, and Kns1 are required for TORC1 signaling to regulate PMA1 expression and that TORC1 signaling and the cyclic AMP (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway converge on CK2 to regulate PMA1 expression through Sir2. Taken together, these findings suggest that TORC1 signaling regulates PMA1 expression and pHc through the CK2–Sir2 axis, which is also controlled by cAMP/PKA signaling in yeast.
The Effects of Low‐Risk Drinking on Neurocognition Among Older Persons Living With HIV as Compared to Those Without HIV
Authors: Kohli Maulika , Paolillo Emily W. , Saloner Rowan , Umlauf Anya , Ellis Ronald , Moore David J. 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundHeavy alcohol use negatively impacts neurocognition, but some studies report neurocognitive benefits associated with light drinking among HIV‐seronegative (HIV−) older persons, suggesting a nonlinear or an inverted “J‐shaped” association of alcohol consumption on neurocognition. Alcohol use is common among people with HIV (PWH); however, the association between recent “low‐risk” alcohol consumption and neurocognition among PWH is poorly understood.MethodsParticipants included 310 PWH and 89 HIV− older (≥50 years) adults who reported alcohol abstinence or “low‐risk” drinking, defined per the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism criteria (i.e., ≥15 drinks/wk or ≥5 drinks/d for men; ≥8 drinks/wk or ≥4 drinks/d for women). Neurocognition was measured using global and domain‐specific demographically correctedT‐scores. Multiple linear regressions examined the interaction between total drinks in the last 30 days (linear and quadratic terms) and HIV serostatus on neurocognition, covarying for age, sex, lifetime major depressive disorder, lifetime nonalcohol substance use disorders, and lifetime alcohol use disorder.ResultsTotal drinks consumed in the last 30 days did not differ by HIV serostatus (p = 0.202). Among HIV− older adults, quadratic effects of total drinks on neurocognition occurred such that optimal neurocognition (i.e., global function, executive function, learning, delayed recall, and motor skills) was detected at intermediate levels of “low‐risk” drinking (~20 to 40 drinks), with poorer performance at the lower and higher ranges of “low‐risk” consumption. In PWH, total drinks did not exhibit linear or quadratic associations with neurocognition.ConclusionsIn HIV− “low‐risk” drinkers, intermediate levels of recent alcohol use were associated with better neurocognition, consistent with the inverted J‐shaped association. The same nonlinear effect of recent alcohol consumption on neurocognition was absent in PWH, indicating there may be no beneficial or deleterious effects of low‐risk alcohol consumption on neurocognition among PWH. Future research is warranted to examine associations between alcohol consumption and HIV‐related biopsychosocial disadvantages that may supersede the neurocognitive benefits of alcohol.
Microvascular anatomy of ovary and oviduct in the adult African Clawed Toad (Xenopus laevis DAUDIN, 1802)–Histomorphology and scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts
Authors: Lametschwandtner Alois , Minnich Bernd 
Published: May 2020

AbstractOvaries and oviducts of the adult African Clawed Toad (Xenopus laevis DAUDIN, 1802) were studied by light microscopy (LM) of paraplast embedded tissue sections and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of vascular corrosion casts (VCCs). Histomorphology revealed that ovarian vessels located in the thecal layers. Ovarian and interlobar arteries displayed a horse‐shoe shaped longitudinally running bundle of vascular smooth muscle cells. Follicular blood vessels showed flattened profiles, which were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy in vascular corrosion casts. The flattened profiles obviously led to high intravasal pressures, which locally prevented filling of the follicular capillary bed. Oviduct arteries pierced the fibrous stroma surrounding the oviduct mucosa. In the pars convoluta, the mucosa consisted of a ciliated simple columnar epithelium and tubular oviduct glands that opened between ciliated epithelial cells into the oviduct lumen. Oviduct arteries branched at the basolateral surfaces of tubular glands. After a short tangential course, arterioles branched into capillaries which ran radially between oviduct glands towards the subepithelium. Anastomoses at different heights connected capillaries of neighbouring glands. Subepithelially, capillaries ran longitudinally and undulated. Postcapillary venules radiated centrifugally towards the stroma to finally drain into oviduct veins located in the stroma. Oviduct vascular densities clearly reflected non‐ovulatory and ovulatory states.
Inflation expectations of households in India: Role of oil prices, economic policy uncertainty, and spillover of global financial uncertainty
Authors: Ghosh Taniya , Sahu Sohini , Chattopadhyay Siddhartha 
Published: May 2020

AbstractInflation expectations are an important marker for the conduct of monetary policy. Using a Bayesian structural VAR‐X model we analyze the macroeconomic factors that determine inflation expectations of the general public in India. Besides the standard macroeconomic factors such as output, inflation rate, monetary policy, and exchange rate, we include economic policy uncertainty as an endogenous variable, while international factors such as oil prices and financial volatility that have spill‐over effects are included as exogenous variables. We find that oil prices and the exchange rate have considerable effects on expectations of inflation, and that in a longer horizon, international financial volatility also matters. Our model generates results free from the “price puzzle” and the “exchange rate puzzle” that otherwise exist in the literature on monetary transmission mechanisms for India.
Climatic sensitivity of species’ vegetative and reproductive phenology in a Hawaiian montane wet forest
Authors: Pau Stephanie , Cordell Susan , Ostertag Rebecca , Inman Faith , Sack Lawren 
Published: May 2020

AbstractUnderstanding how tropical tree phenology (i.e., the timing and amount of seed and leaf production) responds to climate is vital for predicting how climate change may alter ecological functioning of tropical forests. We examined the effects of temperature, rainfall, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) on seed phenology of four dominant species and community‐level leaf phenology in a montane wet forest on the island of Hawaiʻi using monthly data collected over ~ 6 years. We expected that species phenologies would be better explained by variation in temperature and PAR than rainfall because rainfall at this site is not limiting. The best‐fit model for all four species included temperature, rainfall, and PAR. For three species, including two foundational species of Hawaiian forests (Acacia koa and Metrosideros polymorpha), seed production declined with increasing maximum temperatures and increased with rainfall. Relationships with PAR were the most variable across all four species. Community‐level leaf litterfall decreased with minimum temperatures, increased with rainfall, and showed a peak at PAR of ~ 400 μmol/m2s−1. There was considerable variation in monthly seed and leaf production not explained by climatic factors, and there was some evidence for a mediating effect of daylength. Thus, the impact of future climate change on this forest will depend on how climate change interacts with other factors such as daylength, biotic, and/or evolutionary constraints. Our results nonetheless provide insight into how climate change may affect different species in unique ways with potential consequences for shifts in species distributions and community composition.
Tree seedling responses to leaf‐cutting ants herbivory in Atlantic Forest restoration sites
Authors: Garcia Jéssica Magon , Bordignon Alexandre de Mello , Gonzaga Géssi de Sousa , Torezan José Marcelo Domingues 
Published: May 2020

AbstractLeaf‐cutting ants (LCA) are generalist herbivores capable of causing severe plant damage. Negative impacts of ant herbivory vary according to the density of nests and availability of palatable plants; however, it is not yet clear how these herbivores affect tropical forest restoration sites. To investigate how LCA preference affects plant species performance, we evaluated the herbivory of Atta sexdens rubropilosa on native tree species seedlings in Atlantic Forest restoration sites. We expected pioneer species to suffer higher herbivory by LCA when compared with non‐pioneer species and that species with higher damage will have poorer growth and higher mortality. The experiment was conducted in three restoration sites in northern Paraná state, southern Brazil, with 1,500 seedlings of 5 pioneer and 5 non‐pioneer species. Sites share similar age, stand size, tree species composition, and LCA nest density. The number of attacks, degree of leaf damage, number of leaves, plant height, and survival were recorded. Specific leaf area, leaf polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, and nitrogen content were analyzed for each species. Plant damage was similar between pioneer and non‐pioneer plant species. This could be explained by trait variability among species in each group and by LCA generalist foraging. Preferred species suffered decreases in growth and survival. Less preferred species suffered fewer ant attacks and no change in performance. Results suggest that ant herbivory can influence plant species establishment and thus species composition in restoration sites by reducing performance and increasing mortality of some, but not all species, making LCA an important ecological filter.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Trends in the utilization of a peer‐supported youth hotline
Authors: Kerner Berit , Carlson Michelle , Eskin Cheryl Karp , Tseng Chi‐Hong , Ho Janika‐Marie Gia‐Yee , Zima Bonnie , Leader Elaine 
Published: May 2020

BackgroundPeer‐supported youth hotlines have been in operation for many years but studies on the acceptance of this hotline model or on the demographics of the callers are lacking. This study was performed to examine the utilization of a metropolitan peer‐supported youth hotline between 2010 and 2016.MethodThe change in demographics, contact channels, and the reasons for contact were analyzed with standard linear regression analysis in 67,478 contacts over 7 years.ResultsThe data revealed a significant increase in hotline utilization from 8008 annual contacts in 2010 to 12,409 contacts in 2016 (p = .03). The majority of contacts were made by 15‐year‐old and 16‐year‐old girls, but contacts by children aged 13 years old and younger have also increased significantly over the years (p = .003). In 2016, anxiety and stress were among the leading reasons for contact (20.14%), followed by sadness and depression (17.21%), suicidal ideation (14.18%), and self‐harm (8.15%). Recommendations for follow‐up with outside mental health resources were made in 56.22% of contacts. More than 60% of contacts had found information about the hotline on the Internet. More than 30% used text messaging to reach out to the hotline.ConclusionsOur data indicate that adolescents increasingly utilize a peer‐supported youth hotline to get help for mental health concerns. Therefore, it should be explored whether this hotline model could also be used for prevention and early intervention.Key Practitioner Message

Peer‐supported youth hotlines are well accepted and frequently utilized by adolescents to get help for mental health issues.

Our data indicate that peer‐supported youth hotlines could be utilized to identify youth at risk for depression and suicide.

Further research should evaluate whether peer‐supported youth hotlines could serve in the prevention and in early mental health intervention, and how they could be effectively linked to other mental health resources in the community.
Peptide vaccine as an adjuvant therapy for glypican‐3‐positive hepatocellular carcinoma induces peptide‐specific CTLs and improves long prognosis
Authors: Taniguchi Masatake , Mizuno Shoichi , Yoshikawa Toshiaki , Fujinami Norihiro , Sugimoto Motokazu , Kobayashi Shin , Takahashi Shinichiro , Konishi Masaru , Gotohda Naoto , Nakatsura Tetsuya 
Published: May 2020

AbstractThere is no established postoperative adjuvant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and improvement of patient prognosis has been limited. We conducted long‐term monitoring of patients within a phase II trial that targeted a cancer antigen, glypican‐3 (GPC3), specifically expressed in HCC. We sought to determine if the GPC3 peptide vaccine was an effective adjuvant therapy by monitoring disease‐free survival and overall survival. We also tracked GPC3 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, CTL induction, and postoperative plasma GPC3 for a patient group that was administered the vaccine (n = 35) and an unvaccinated patient group that underwent surgery only (n = 33). The 1‐y recurrence rate after surgery was reduced by approximately 15%, and the 5‐y and 8‐y survival rates were improved by approximately 10% and 30%, respectively, in the vaccinated group compared with the unvaccinated group. Patients who were positive for GPC3 IHC staining were more likely to have induced CTLs, and 60% survived beyond 5 y. Vaccine efficacy had a positive relationship with plasma concentration of GPC3; high concentrations increased the 5‐y survival rate to 75%. We thus expect GPC3 vaccination in patients with HCC, who are positive for GPC3 IHC staining and/or plasma GPC3 to induce CTL and have significantly improved long‐term prognosis.
Aortic root dilatation in PFO‐related cryptogenic stroke: A propensity score–matched analysis
Authors: Beyls Christophe , Bohbot Yohann , Marion Bourgain , Canaple Sandrine , Guillaumont Marie‐Pierre , Jarry Geneviève , Fournier Alexandre , Malaquin Dorothée , Abou‐Arab Osama , Mahjoub Yazine , Tribouilloy Christophe , Leborgne Laurent 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackgroundDilatation of the ascending aorta has an important role in the anatomical conformation of interatrial septum (IAS) especially when a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is present. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between ascending aortic dilation and PFO‐related cryptogenic stroke in a cohort of cryptogenic strokes.MethodsIt is a retrospective, single‐center echocardiographic study assessing aortic root dilatation in 315 consecutive patients with cryptogenic stroke between January 2011 and January 2019. Aortic root dilatation was defined by a diameter of the Valsalva sinuses of the proximal aorta >40 mm. Predictive factors of PFO were assessed by a multivariate analysis. Propensity score matching was applied to account for clinical differences.ResultsOf the 315 patients, 68 (22%) had an aortic root dilatation and 167 (53%) had a PFO. In the aortic root dilation group, PFO was more often diagnosed (n = 47/68 [69%], vs n = 120/247 [49%], P = .004). In the PFO group with aortic dilatation, IAS was more mobile (n = 37/47[79%] vs n = 69/120[57%], P < .012) and smaller (2.3 ± 0.5 vs 2.5 ± 0.5 mm, P < .009). On multivariate analysis, aortic root dilatation (OR: 2.6; 95% CI [1.2–5.6]; P = .001) and IAS hypermobility (OR: 5.2 95% CI [2.7–10]; P = .001) were associated with PFO. After propensity matching, aortic root dilatation remained strongly associated with PFO (n = 34/107 [32%] vs 15/107[14%], P = .002).ConclusionAortic root dilation and IAS hypermobility were strongly associated with PFO‐related cryptogenic stroke.
Dental injuries at the Xi’an, China Stomatological Hospital: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Tan Yi‐zhou , Levin Liran , Guo Weiwei , Chen Yongjin 
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground/AimIn order to enrich epidemiological knowledge regarding traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in China, and to further improve the treatment, prevention and education of TDI, the aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the TDI that presented to the emergency dental department at the Stomatological Hospital in Xi'an, China.MethodsThis retrospective study included all first‐visit patients who presented with TDI at the Stomatological Hospital affiliated with the Fourth Military Medical University in Xi'an, China, between January 2013 and June 2019. Data were extracted using the terms of diagnosis of TDI from the hospital database.ResultsOverall, 965 (606 males and 359 females) files were reviewed. The average age was 22.8 ± 13.4 years. Among the 2059 teeth injured (average of 2.1 teeth per patient), the maxillary incisors (1751; 85.0%) were the most prevalent teeth to present with injuries, while the main types of injuries were concussions (14.8%) enamel‐dentin‐fractures (14.50%) and enamel‐dentin‐pulp fractures (14.0%). After initial examination and diagnosis, 4.2% patients refused treatment.ConclusionsThe epidemiological statistics of TDI in Xi'an, China show consistency with other studies from around the world, but they also vary in diagnosis proportion and the choice of treatments. This information may further instruct treatment, prevention and emergency resources distribution to target the high‐risk groups.