bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF SELF-EVALUATED AND STUDENTS-REPORTED TEACHER’S EFFECTIVENESS OF MEDICAL TEACHERS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Gul Shaikh  , Seema Gul  , Manya Tahir  
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Opinions regarding student’s evaluation of faculty performance and use of formal feedback from students and/or lack of self-evaluation to improve their performance ranges widely. Keeping this under consideration, the present study was conducted to compare self-evaluated and students-reported teaching effectiveness of medical teachers.
METHODOLOGY: A cross sectional study was conducted in Islamic international Medical college Rawalpindi, of three months duration (10th September to 10th December, 2018), on a sample of one hundred medical students and twenty medical teachers. Teaching effectiveness was assessed using “Self-assessment Instrument for Teacher Evaluation (SITE)” and students rated “Evaluation of teaching performance (CEID)” questionnaires.
RESULTS: Teachers rated their teaching more effective with a mean score (M=111) than students (M= 109). The result was significant statistically.
CONCLUSION: Self-evaluated teaching effectiveness was rated higher than students reported teaching effectiveness.
ASSOCIATION OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX SYMPTOMS (FREQUENCY AND SEVERITY) WITH BODY MASS INDEX IN FEMALES WITH GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
Authors: Arshad Rabbani  , Benish Adil  , Ramsha Ghazal Arshad  
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Overweight individuals have a greater tendency to develop gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study aims at comparing gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (frequency and severity) in females with different body mass index (BMI) categories.
METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional comparative research study was conducted over duration of 8 months. Both indoor and outdoor patients of medical unit – II Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, fulfilling the inclusion criteria i.e. females 30-55 years of age with confirmed diagnosis of GERD and informed consent were included. Subjects with history of cigarette smoking, diabetes, use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT), anti-hypertensive or asthma medication were all excluded. Data were collected via proforma and analyzed on SPSS version 17.
RESULTS: Among 360 enrolled women, 08 (2.2%) subjects were underweight, 109 (30.3%) had normal BMI, 151 (41.9%) were overweight, 88 (24.4%) subjects were obese and 04 (1.1%) belonged to morbidly obese group. Among 109 subjects with normal BMI, 53 (48.6%) had mild, 40 (36.69%) moderate, 13 (11.9%) severe and 03 (2.75%) very severe GERD. Among 151 overweight subjects, 37 (24.50%) were with mild severity, 64 (42.38%) with moderate, 35 (23.17%) severe and 15 (9.93%) had very severe GERD. Among 04 morbidly obese subjects, 02 (50%) had severe while remaining 02 (50%) had very severe GERD (p=0.000).
CONCLUSION: Association of GERD symptoms and BMI were found in both normal and overweight women. Reflux symptoms may be exacerbated or even caused by moderate weight gain in people with normal weight.
DETERMINATION OF THE IMPACT OF BISOPROLOL AND СARVEDILOL ON REGULATORY-ADAPTIVE STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE AND PRESERVED LEFT VENTRICULAR FRACTION
Authors: Tregubov V. G. , Khilkevich P. V. , Shubitidze I. Z. , Pokrovsky V. M. 
Published: October 2020

Objective. To determine the effect of bisoprolol or carvedilol therapy on the regulatory-adaptive status (RAS) of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and preserved ejection fraction (pEF) of the left ventricle (LV) the background of hypertensive disease (HD).Material and methods. The study involved 68 patients with CHF and pEF of the LV, who were randomized into two groups for treatment with bisoprolol (7,3±2,4 mg/day, n=34) and carvedilol (28,4±12,3 mg/day, n=34). As part of the combination therapy, quinapril was prescribed (13,5±2,5 mg/ day, n=34 and 12,6±2,9 mg/day, n=34), and if indicated – atorvastatin (16,3±5,0 mg/day, n=11 and 15,5±5,2 mg/day, n=11) and acetylsalicylic acid in the intestinal soluble shell (93,8±17,7 mg/day, n=8 and 94,4±15,8 mg/day, n=8), respectively. Initially and after 6 months of therapy were carried out: quantitative assessment of RAS (by means of a sample of cardiac-respiratory synchronism), treadmill test, six-minute walking test, subjective assessment of quality of life, determination of the level of N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide, echocardioscopy, daily monitoring of blood pressure.Results. Both regimens of combined drug therapy had comparable cardioprotective, hypotensive and neuromodulating effects, equally increased exercise tolerance. In comparison with bisoprolol, carvedilol differed positive impact on RAS, improved quality of life more.Conclusion. In patients with CHF and pEF LV in combination therapy, the use of carvedilol, in comparison with bisoprolol, may be preferable due to the positive effect on the RAS.
Horizontal Shear Instabilities at Low Prandtl Number
Authors: Garaud P. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Turbulent mixing in the radiative regions of stars is usually either ignored or crudely accounted for in most stellar evolution models. However, there is growing evidence that such mixing is present and can affect various aspects of a star’s life. Here, we present a first attempt at quantifying mixing by horizontal shear instabilities in stars using direct numerical simulations. The shear is driven by a body force, and rapidly becomes unstable. At saturation, we find that several distinct dynamical regimes exist, depending on the relative importance of stratification and thermal diffusion. In each of the regimes identified, we propose a certain number of theoretically motivated scaling laws for the turbulent vertical eddy scale, the turbulent diffusion coefficient, and the amplitude of temperature fluctuations (among other quantities). Based on our findings, we predict that the majority of stars should fall into one of two categories: high Péclet number stratified turbulence, and low Péclet number stratified turbulence. The latter is presented in a related paper by Cope et al., while the former is discussed here. Applying our results to the solar tachocline, we find that it should lie in the high Péclet number stratified turbulence regime, and predict a substantial amount of vertical mixing for temperature, momentum, and composition. Taken as is, the new turbulence model predictions are incompatible with the Spiegel & Zahn model of the solar tachocline. However, rotation and magnetic fields are likely to affect the turbulence, and need to be taken into account in future studies.
Asteroid Thermal Inertia Estimates from Remote Infrared Observations: The Effects of Surface Roughness and Rotation Rate
Authors: Harris Alan W. , Drube Line 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The thermal inertia of an asteroid’s surface can provide insight into regolith properties, such as the presence of a layer of fine dust, the density and thermal conductivity of a rocky surface, and, together with other observational data, mineralogy. Knowledge of the surface characteristics of asteroids is important for planetary defense initiatives and the extraction of resources (“asteroid mining”). A simple means of estimating asteroid thermal inertia has been proposed by Harris & Drube, which is suitable for application to large sets of thermal-infrared observational data, such as those obtained by infrared space telescopes. We compare results from the Harris–Drube estimator with recently published values of asteroid thermal inertia from detailed thermophysical modeling, and provide an explanation in terms of reduced surface roughness for some discrepant results. Smooth surfaces covered in fine dust may provide an explanation for the unexpectedly low values of thermal inertia derived from thermophysical modeling for some slowly rotating main-belt asteroids. In the case of near-Earth objects (NEOs) we show that results from the estimator are in good agreement with those from thermophysical modeling, with just a few exceptions. We discuss the special cases of the NEOs (101955) Bennu, (162173) Ryugu, and (29075) 1950 DA in the context of results from our estimator. Given the data requirements and complexity of thermophysical modeling, data-analysis tools based on relatively simple concepts can play an important role in allowing “quick-look” assessment of thermal-infrared data of asteroids, especially NEOs.
Deviations from the Infrared-radio Correlation in Massive, Ultracompact Starburst Galaxies
Authors: Petter Grayson C. , Kepley Amanda A. , Hickox Ryan C. , Rudnick Gregory H. , Tremonti Christy A. , Diamond-Stanic Aleksandar M. , Geach James E. , Coil Alison L. , Sell Paul H. , Moustakas John , Rupke David S. N. , Perrotta Serena , Whalen Kelly E. , Davis Julie D. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Feedback through energetic outflows has emerged as a key physical process responsible for transforming star-forming galaxies into the quiescent systems observed in the local universe. To explore this process, this paper focuses on a sample of massive and compact merger remnant galaxies hosting high-velocity gaseous outflows (

km s−1), found at intermediate redshift (z ∼ 0.6). From their mid-infrared emission and compact morphologies, these galaxies are estimated to have exceptionally large star formation rate (SFR) surface densities (ΣSFR ∼ 103
M
⊙ yr−1 kpc−2), approaching the Eddington limit for radiation pressure on dust grains. This suggests that star formation feedback may be driving the observed outflows. However, these SFR estimates suffer from significant uncertainties. We therefore sought an independent tracer of star formation to probe the compact starburst activity in these systems. In this paper, we present SFR estimates calculated using 1.5 GHz continuum Jansky Very Large Array observations for 19 of these galaxies. We also present updated infrared (IR) SFRs calculated from WISE survey data. We estimate SFRs from the IR to be larger than those from the radio for 16 out of 19 galaxies by a median factor of 2.5. We find that this deviation is maximized for the most compact galaxies hosting the youngest stellar populations, suggesting that compact starbursts deviate from the IR-radio correlation. We suggest that this deviation stems either from free–free absorption of synchrotron emission, a difference in the timescale over which each indicator traces star formation, or exceptionally hot IR-emitting dust in these ultra-dense galaxies.
Constraining the Delay Time Distribution of Compact Binary Objects from the Stochastic Gravitational-wave Background Searches
Authors: Safarzadeh Mohammadtaher , Biscoveanu Sylvia , Loeb Abraham 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The initial separation of massive star binaries sets the timescale over which their compact remnants merge through the emission of gravitational waves. We show that the delay time distribution (DTD) of binary neutron stars or black holes can be inferred from the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). If the DTD of a population is long, most of the mergers take place at low redshifts and the background would be rather quiet compared to a scenario in which the DTD is short leading to few individual detections at low redshift but a rather loud background. We show that different DTDs predict a factor of 5 difference in the magnitude of the gravitational wave background energy density (

) and have the dominant effect on

over other factors such as the mass function of the primary BH mass,

, the maximum considered BH mass (

), and the effective spin of the black hole (

). A nondetection of such a background can rule out the short DTD scenario. We show that SGWB searches can rule out the short DTD scenario for the BBHs within about four years of observing time at advanced LIGO design sensitivity for a local merger rate of 30

assuming

, and

.
On Neural Architectures for Astronomical Time-series Classification with Application to Variable Stars
Authors: Jamal Sara , Bloom Joshua S. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
Despite the utility of neural networks (NNs) for astronomical time-series classification, the proliferation of learning architectures applied to diverse data sets has thus far hampered a direct intercomparison of different approaches. Here we perform the first comprehensive study of variants of NN-based learning and inference for astronomical time series, aiming to provide the community with an overview on relative performance and, hopefully, a set of best-in-class choices for practical implementations. In both supervised and self-supervised contexts, we study the effects of different time-series-compatible layer choices, namely the dilated temporal convolutional neural network (dTCNs), long-short term memory NNs, gated recurrent units and temporal convolutional NNs (tCNNs). We also study the efficacy and performance of encoder-decoder (i.e., autoencoder) networks compared to direct classification networks, different pathways to include auxiliary (non-time-series) metadata, and different approaches to incorporate multi-passband data (i.e., multiple time series per source). Performance—applied to a sample of 17,604 variable stars (VSs) from the MAssive Compact Halo Objects (MACHO) survey across 10 imbalanced classes—is measured in training convergence time, classification accuracy, reconstruction error, and generated latent variables. We find that networks with recurrent NNs generally outperform dTCNs and, in many scenarios, yield to similar accuracy as tCNNs. In learning time and memory requirements, convolution-based layers perform better. We conclude by discussing the advantages and limitations of deep architectures for VS classification, with a particular eye toward next-generation surveys such as the Legacy Survey of Space and Time, the Roman Space Telescope, and Zwicky Transient Facility.
The Coronal Global Evolutionary Model: Using HMI Vector Magnetogram and Doppler Data to Determine Coronal Magnetic Field Evolution
Authors: Hoeksema J. Todd , Abbett William P. , Bercik David J. , Cheung Mark C. M. , DeRosa Marc L. , Fisher George H. , Hayashi Keiji , Kazachenko Maria D. , Liu Yang , Lumme Erkka , Lynch Benjamin J. , Sun 孙旭 Xudong 东 , Welsch Brian T. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The Coronal Global Evolutionary Model (CGEM) provides data-driven simulations of the magnetic field in the solar corona to better understand the build-up of magnetic energy that leads to eruptive events. The CGEM project has developed six capabilities. CGEM modules (1) prepare time series of full-disk vector magnetic field observations to (2) derive the changing electric field in the solar photosphere over active-region scales. This local electric field is (3) incorporated into a surface flux transport model that reconstructs a global electric field that evolves magnetic flux in a consistent way. These electric fields drive a (4) 3D spherical magnetofrictional (SMF) model, either at high resolution over a restricted range of solid angles or at lower resolution over a global domain to determine the magnetic field and current density in the low corona. An SMF-generated initial field above an active region and the evolving electric field at the photosphere are used to drive (5) detailed magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of active regions in the low corona. SMF or MHD solutions are then used to compute emissivity proxies that can be compared with coronal observations. Finally, a lower-resolution SMF magnetic field is used to initialize (6) a global MHD model that is driven by an SMF electric field time series to simulate the outer corona and heliosphere, ultimately connecting Sun to Earth. As a demonstration, this report features results of CGEM applied to observations of the evolution of NOAA Active Region 11158 in 2011 February.
The Phase-curve Signature of Condensible Water-rich Atmospheres on Slowly Rotating Tidally Locked Exoplanets
Authors: Ding Feng , Pierrehumbert Raymond T. 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
We use an idealized three-dimensional general circulation model to study condensible-rich atmospheres with an ineffective cold trap on slowly rotating tidally locked terrestrial planets. In particular, we show the climate dynamics in a thin and temperate atmosphere with condensible water vapor. The similarities between our thin and temperate atmosphere and the warm and thick atmosphere approaching the water vapor runaway greenhouse in previous works are discussed, including the reversal of the thermal emission between the day and night hemispheres. Different from the transit spectroscopy of water vapor that depends on the absolute amount of atmospheric water vapor, the contrast between the dayside and nightside thermal emission provides information regarding the relative ratio of water vapor to the background atmosphere as well as the atmospheric pressure near the substellar tropopause and the emission level on the nightside on potentially habitable worlds.
An Upper Limit on the Spin of SgrA* Based on Stellar Orbits in Its Vicinity
Authors: Fragione Giacomo , Loeb Abraham 
Published: October 2020

Abstract
The spin of the massive black hole (BH) at the center of the Milky Way, SgrA*, has been poorly constrained so far. We place an upper limit on the spin of SgrA* based on the spatial distribution of the S-stars, which are arranged in two almost edge-on disks that are located at a position angle of approximately ±45° with respect to the Galactic plane, on a milliparsec scale around the Galactic center. Requiring that the frame-dragging precession has not had enough time to make the S-star orbital angular momentum precess, the spin of the massive BH at the center of the Milky Way can be constrained to χ ≲ 0.1.
Marine algal flora of Formigas Islets, Azores
Authors: Neto Ana I. , Prestes Afonso C. L. , Azevedo José M. N. , Resendes Roberto , Álvaro Nuno , Neto Raul M. A. , Moreu Ignacio 
Published: October 2020

The oldest reference to marine life in Formigas Islets (oriental group of the Azores archipelago) goes back to the 16th century. Nevertheless, their macroalgal flora is poorly known, the published information mainly resulting from occasional collections of sporadic visitors. To overcome this and contribute to the knowledge of Azorean macroalgal flora at both local and regional scales, a thorough investigation was conducted in 1990 and 1991 under two expeditions promoted by the Marine Biology Research Group of the Department of Biology, University of the Azores. Collections and presence data recordings were undertaken at the littoral and sublittoral levels down to approximately 40 m, in an area of approximately 0.04 km2. This paper lists the taxonomic records and provides information regarding each species’ ecology and occurrence on the Islets’ littoral.
A total of 320 specimens are registered (including taxa identified only at generic level) belonging to 90 taxa of macroalgae, from which 70 were diagnosed at species level. The confirmed species comprise 39 Rhodophyta, 12 Chlorophyta and 19 Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae), distributed in 22 orders (13 Rhodophyta, 3 Chlorophyta and 6 Ochrophyta) and 37 families (24 Rhodophyta, 6 Chlorophyta and 7 Ochrophyta). Sixty-one species represent new records for the Islets, from which Botryocladia macaronesica Afonso-Carrillo, Sobrino, Tittley &amp; Neto and Laurencia viridis Gil-Rodriguez &amp; Haroun are Macaronesian endemisms. Most species are native to the Azores, but six have an uncertain origin and four are introduced (the Rhodophyta Asparagopsis armata Harvey; Laurencia dendroidea J.Agardh; Neoizziella divaricata (C.K.Tseng) S.-M.Lin, S.-Y.Yang &amp; Huisman and the Ochrophyta Hydroclathrus tilesii (Endlicher) Santiañez &amp; M.J.Wynne).
Use of Course-Specific Open Educational Resources in a Graduate Nursing Course
Authors: Gazarian Priscilla K. , Cronin Julie , Jahng Iris , Tapalyan Sarin 
Published: October 2020

Background:
This article evaluates a single-institution educational innovation using course-specific open educational resources (OER).

Method:
This educational innovation uses a course-specific library resource guide of OERs and evaluates students' perspectives on the quality, integration, and experience with the resources. At the completion of a nursing graduate course, the OER Satisfaction Scale was administered to the course participants. The course-specific OERs were assessed compared to students' experiences with traditional course materials.

Results:
The overall score on the OER Satisfaction Scale was 4.01 on a 5-point Likert Scale. Students appreciated that the resources were free and found that the information was manageable and easy to navigate. However, they were challenged with shutting out other distractions and taking useful notes.

Conclusion:

Using OERs enhanced student engagement with the course content by requiring learners to assume a more active role as course participants. Further work is needed to understand the effectiveness of OERs, particularly in graduate nursing education.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(10):577–580.]
Quality Olympics: Experiential Interprofessional Learning to Improve Quality and Safety
Authors: Sigmon Lorie B. , Woodard Elizabeth K. , Woody Gina 
Published: October 2020

Background:
Effective communication and teamwork is essential to improve the safety, quality, and cost-effectiveness of patient care. Quality Olympics, a competitive, educational intervention, was designed to offer nursing and medical students the opportunity to apply new knowledge on safety quality and cost in an interprofessional environment.

Method:

Nursing (
N
= 220) and medical students (
N
= 163) participated in Quality Olympics. Student perceptions of teamwork were analyzed using the Student Perceptions of Interprofessional Clinical Education-Revised (SPICE-R).

Results:
In years one and two, significance was found for nursing students on all survey items. Medical student responses reached significance on four items in year two.

Conclusion:

The contrast in findings between these professions suggests that students would benefit from early, additional opportunities to link patient safety and outcomes to interprofessional collaboration. In doing so, educators may ensure that future providers have the attitudes, knowledge, and skills to impact individualized care and transform health care systems.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(10):589–593.]