bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The matrix vesicle cargo miR-125b accumulates in the bone matrix, inhibiting bone resorption in mice
Authors: Minamizaki Tomoko , Nakao Yuko , Irie Yasumasa , Ahmed Faisal , Itoh Shota , Sarmin Nushrat , Yoshioka Hirotaka , Nobukiyo Asako , Fujimoto Chise , Niida Shumpei , Sotomaru Yusuke , Tanimoto Kotaro , Kozai Katsuyuki , Sugiyama Toshie , Bonnelye Edith , Takei Yuichiro , Yoshiko Yuji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCommunication between osteoblasts and osteoclasts plays a key role in bone metabolism. We describe here an unexpected role for matrix vesicles (MVs), which bud from bone-forming osteoblasts and have a well-established role in initiation of bone mineralization, in osteoclastogenesis. We show that the MV cargo miR-125b accumulates in the bone matrix, with increased accumulation in transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing miR-125b in osteoblasts. Bone formation and osteoblasts in Tg mice are normal, but the number of bone-resorbing osteoclasts is reduced, leading to higher trabecular bone mass. miR-125b in the bone matrix targets and degrades Prdm1, a transcriptional repressor of anti-osteoclastogenic factors, in osteoclast precursors. Overexpressing miR-125b in osteoblasts abrogates bone loss in different mouse models. Our results show that the MV cargo miR-125b is a regulatory element of osteoblast-osteoclast communication, and that bone matrix provides extracellular storage of miR-125b that is functionally active in bone resorption.
Children's Response Bias and Identification of Misarticulated Words
Authors: Krueger Breanna I. , Storkel Holly L. 
Published: January 2020

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine whether children's identification of misarticulated words as real objects was influenced by an inherent bias toward selecting real objects or whether a change in experimental conditions could impact children's selections.

Method
Forty preschool children aged 4 years 0 months to 6 years 11 months across 2 experiments heard accurate productions of real words (e.g., “leaf”), misarticulated words (e.g., “weaf” and “yeaf”), and unrelated nonwords (e.g., “geem”). Within the misarticulated words, the commonness of the substitute was controlled to be “common” or “uncommon.” Using the MouseTracker software, children were asked to select between a real object (e.g., a leaf) and a novel object (Experiment 1) or between a real object (e.g., a leaf) and a blank square, which represented a hidden object (Experiment 2).

Results
Consistent with previous findings, children chose real objects significantly more when they heard accurate productions (e.g., “leaf”) than misarticulated productions (e.g., “weaf” or “yeaf”) across both experiments. In misarticulation conditions, real object selections were lower than in the previous study; however, children chose real objects significantly more in the common misarticulation condition than in the uncommon misarticulation condition.

Conclusions
The results of this study are consistent with previous findings. Children's behavioral responses depended upon the task. Despite these differences in the task, children demonstrated ease in integrating variability into their word identification.
Zur Form und Struktur von Hypothesen im Rahmen der physiotherapeutischen Untersuchung am Beispiel der beobachtenden Ganganalyse – Qualitative Think-Aloud-Analyse
Authors: Gers Vivien , Probst Annette Irene , Schöttker-Königer Thomas 
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Obwohl Hypothesen als zentraler Bestandteil des Clinical Reasonings in der Physiotherapie eine Grundlage für therapeutisches Handeln darstellen, gibt es in der physiotherapeutischen Fachliteratur wenige Anhaltspunkte für deren Bildung und deren Merkmale.
Ziel Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Hypothesenbildung am Beispiel der beobachtenden Ganganalyse zu untersuchen. Dabei wird die Frage geklärt, inwieweit Hypothesen im wissenschaftlichen Sinn gebildet werden können. Dafür werden die Begriffe Hypothese und Heuristik differenziert erläutert.
Methode Zur Untersuchung der Hypothesenbildung wurde ein qualitativer Forschungszugang gewählt. Dabei wurden acht Experten aus dem Feld der Physiotherapie anhand der Think-Aloud-Methode bei der beobachtenden Ganganalyse untersucht.
Ergebnisse Es konnten drei unterschiedliche Hypothesentypen herausgearbeitet werden. Dabei handelt es sich um (1) zu bewertende, (2) zu interpretierende und (3) zu bewertende und konditionale Annahmen. Keine der von den Experten gebildeten Hypothesen entspricht den Kriterien, die an Hypothesen im wissenschaftlichen Sinn heranreichen. Die Hypothesentypen entsprechen eher der Form, die wissenschaftstheoretisch Heuristiken zugeordnet werden.
Schlussfolgerungen Für die beobachtende Ganganalyse zeigt sich ein hypothesengeleitetes Vorgehen, welches an Heuristiken orientiert ist. Der Begriff der Hypothesenbildung wird derzeit in der Physiotherapie ungenau benutzt und sollte weiter untersucht werden, um den Wert von Annahmen, Heuristiken und echten Hypothesen für den Prozess der therapeutischen Entscheidungsfindung zu präzisieren und in Lehre und Forschung umsetzbar zu machen.
Safe method for release of severe post burn neck contracture under tumescent local anaesthesia and ketamine
Authors: Agarwal Pawan 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTSevere post burn neck contracture results in difficult intubation, which can be life threatening and can result in multiple serious complications and sequels. Thirty patients with age ranging from 12 to 50 years were operated under local tumescent anesthesia supplemented with intravenous ketamine for release of post burn neck contracture and split skin grafted. This technique obviates the need for endotracheal intubation. There were no complications attributed to this anesthesia technique. There was no graft loss and blood loss was minimal.
Mycobacterium fortuitum abdominal wall abscesses following liposuction
Authors: Al Soub Hussam , Al-Maslamani Eman , Al-Maslamani Mona 
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACTwe describe here a case of abdominal abscesses due to mycobacterium fortuitum following liposuction. the abscesses developed three months after the procedure and diagnosis was delayed for five months. the clues for diagnosis were persistent pus discharge in spite of broad spectrum antibiotics and failure to grow any organisms on routine culture. this condition has been rarely reported; however, the increasing number of liposuction procedures done and awareness among physicians will probably result in the identification of more cases. combination antibiotic therapy with surgical drainage in more extensive diseases is essential for cure.
The conceptual basis of ablativity
Authors: Hernández Arocha Héctor , Hernández Socas Elia 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe aim of the present paper is to define the notion of ablativity in terms of its event structure. To achieve this goal, the authors discuss the contribution of several semantic theories dealing with that conceptual class to finally propose their own definition, extensively based on the cognitive frame-based model by Wotjak (2006;2011a;2016). Even though the survey is mainly concerned with the theoretically relevant aspects of that semantic class, many of them are also illustrated with examples from different languages, especially from Latin, Spanish and German. Finally, the authors explain how ablativity conceptually relates to other semantic classes, such as concomitance or possession.
Methanol production by reversed methylotrophy constructed inEscherichia coli
Authors: Takeya Tomoyuki , Yamakita Miyabi , Hayashi Daisuke , Fujisawa Kento , Sakai Yasuyoshi , Yurimoto Hiroya 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe constructed a reversed methylotrophic pathway that produces methanol, a promising feedstock for production of useful compounds, from fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), which can be supplied by catabolism of biomass-derived sugars including glucose, by a synthetic biology approach. Using Escherichia coli as an expression host, we heterologously expressed genes encoding methanol utilization enzymes from methylotrophic bacteria, i.e. the NAD+-dependent methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) from Bacillus methanolicus S1 and an artificial fusion enzyme of 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase and 6-phospho-3-hexuloisomerase from Mycobacterium gastri MB19 (HPS-PHI). We confirmed that these enzymes can catalyze reverse reactions of methanol oxidation and formaldehyde fixation. The engineered E. coli strain co-expressing MDH and HPS-PHI genes produced methanol in resting cell reactions not only from F6P but also from glucose. We successfully conferred reversed methylotrophy to E. coli and our results provide a proof-of-concept for biological methanol production from biomass-derived sugar compounds.
Evidence for modified Newtonian dynamics from Cavendish-type gravitational constant experiments
Authors: Klein Norbert 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Recent experimental results for the gravitational constant G from Cavendish-type experiments were analysed in the framework of modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND). MOND corrections were applied to the equation of motion of a pendulum, under the assumption that the magnitude of the horizontal time dependent gravitational acceleration determines the amount of MOND corrections. The large vertical component of the local gravitational field of the earth is fully compensated by the alignment of the torsion pendulum in accordance with Newton’s third law and therefore not considered for MOND corrections. From the analysis of the MOND corrected equation of motion of a realistic torsion pendulum with mixed gravitational and electromagnetic restoring torque simple rules for meaningful MOND corrections of measured G values determined by different operational modes of Cavendish type G experiments were derived. Based on this analysis the reported discrepancies for G determined by ‘static deflection’ and ‘electrostatic servo’ methods of the ‘BIPM’ experiment by Quinn et al and between time-of-swing and angular acceleration feedback (AAF) methods for the ‘HUST’ experiment by Li et al could be fully resolved by MOND corrections using one common MOND interpolation function, determined by a one parameter fit. The MOND corrected ‘BIPM’ and ‘HUST’ results, along with other ‘single method’ results from G experiments by Gundlach and Merkovitz, Schlamminger et al and Newman et al lead to an average G value of 6.67 422 · 10−11 m3 kg−1 s−2 with a standard deviation of 12.5 ppm only. The applied MOND correction procedure and the fitted interpolation function employed for the G experiments were found to be consistent with the most viable MOND fits to galaxy rotation curves.
Characteristics of electric quadrupole and magnetic quadrupole coupling in a symmetric silicon structure
Authors: Liu Chang , Chen Lei , Wu Tiesheng , Liu Yumin , Ma Rui , Li Jing , Yu Zhongyuan , Ye Han , Yu Li 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Multipole interferences have attracted a lot of interests in last decade due to extraordinary performance on beam control and scattering shaping. However, most of previous works focused on the dipole-based interferences while the quadrupole modes and other high-order multipole modes with unique properties were of less attention. In this work, we aim to expand the present dipole-based multipole-interference regime to the quadrupole-interference regime. We study the interference between an electric quadrupole (EQ) and a magnetic quadrupole (MQ) in both isolated and periodically arranged homogeneous cross dielectric structure. Through structural parametric control, the EQ and MQ can be precisely tuned to share the same resonant intensity at a specific wavelength, resulting in a generalized Kerker effect. Moreover, a dark MQ mode, which is orthogonal with the original MQ mode, arises when we increase the interaction between structure. We find that the spectral approaching between dark MQ and original bright EQ results in an EIT effect and Fano-shaped spectral reflection response. The induced Fano spectrum possesses tunable quality factors varying from ∼10 to >105 with the variation of EQ–MQ coupling efficiency. The numerically derived maximum quality factor (238, 618) of the dielectric EQ–MQ coupling system even exceeds the quality factors of many plasmonic resonant systems. We also prove that such spectrum can be adopted to refractive index sensing. Besides, we show that EQ–MQ coupling can bring about rapid 2π phase change, which can be applied in metasurface designs. These results and conclusions about the EQ–MQ interference systems can provide a promising avenue for advanced optical devices.
Halide perovskites: current issues and new strategies to push material and device stability
Authors: Schileo Giorgio , Grancini Giulia 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
This short review aims at summarizing the current challenges related to poor Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) stability which nowadays puts severe constrains on near future device commercialization. As a game changer in the field of photovoltaics (PVs), PSCs are highly efficient and cheap to fabricate. However, they suffer from poor long-term stability upon exposure to heat, moisture, oxygen and light, and combinations thereof. Poor device stability originates from intrinsic instability issues of the perovskite active layer itself, as well as extrinsic factors due to partial degradation of the layers composing the device stack. Here we briefly review the chemical and physical processes responsible for intrinsic material instability, and we highlight possible solutions to overcome it; we then consider the whole device, discussing properties and interactions of the stacked layers. Finally, particular emphasis is placed on the need of shared standards for stability tests, which should include detailed report on experimental conditions over a statistically significant number of samples, allowing for a direct comparison of results across different groups and fostering a rapid advance of our understanding of degradation mechanisms and of the solutions to overcome them.
Multicenter evaluation of assays for estradiol and progesterone in saliva.
Authors: Sufi S B , Donaldson A , Gandy S C , Jeffcoate S L , Chearskul S , Goh H , Hazra D , Romero C , Wang H Z 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Blood samples can be difficult to obtain in studies involving serial sampling, especially in developing countries where there may also be logistic, ethical, and cultural constraints that make frequent blood collection impractical. Assays for steroids in saliva may avoid some of these difficulties. A multicenter study involving laboratories in five countries was carried out to compare the results of assays for salivary estradiol and progesterone performed with centrally provided reagents and assay protocols. Concentrations of salivary steroid as obtained by all but one center were comparable with those reported in the literature. We conclude that assays of hormones in saliva are useful adjuncts to those performed on other body fluids.
Simple, rapid determination of serum guanase activity with the Hitachi 736 automated discrete analyzer.
Authors: Nishikawa Y , Fukumoto K , Watanabe F 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
In this new method for determining serum guanase activity by use of the Hitachi 736-40 automated analyzer, serum is incubated with a mixture of xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase; a reagent containing KCN, guanine, nitrotetrazolium blue, and Triton X-100 is added; and the increase in absorbance at 570 and 660 nm is measured for 2.4 min. Only 20 microL of sample is required, and results are linearly related to the activity concentration of guanase up to 30 U/L. Within-run and day-to-day precision (CV) was respectively 2.6 to 4.2% and 3.5 to 5.5% over 0-30 U of guanase activity per liter. The normal reference interval, as calculated from data on 40 healthy persons, is 0.1 to 2.2 U/L. Results correlate well (r = 0.997) with those by a kinetic method (Clin Chem 27: 560, 1981). The guanase activity of 150 samples can be measured within 1 h by this method.
Continuous-flow analysis for glucose with use of glucose dehydrogenase immobilized in glass tubes.
Authors: Bissé E , Scholer A , Vonderschmitt D J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We describe a method for determining glucose in serum with glucose dehydrogenase immobilized on the inner walls of glass tubes. The reactor was incorporated into a channel of a continuous-flow analyzer (the Technicon SMAC) and used daily for four weeks in routine analysis for serum glucose. During this period we tested the linearity, precision, accuracy, and durability of the reactor. Results correlated well (r = 0.9949) with those obtained by routine methods with free (nonimmobilized) glucose dehydrogenase. The method is shown to be practicable for use in the routine laboratory.
Optimized conditions for determining activity concentration of alpha-amylase in serum, with 1,4-alpha-D-4-nitrophenylmaltoheptaoside as substrate.
Authors: Rauscher E , Neumann U , Schaich E , von Bülow S , Wahlefeld A W 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We describe a method for measuring the catalytic activity of alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) in serum and urine, by use of a defined substrate: 1,4-alpha, D-4-nitrophenyl maltoheptaoside. We use a phosphate buffer of pH 7.10, containing chloride as activator and alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) as the auxiliary enzyme. After a lag phase of 4 min at 25 degrees C or 30 degrees C, or 3 min at 37 degrees C, the increase of absorption of 4-nitrophenol is measured at 410 nm or 405 nm. The pH value of the assay mixture is a compromise between optimum pH for the alpha-amylase reaction, shortest possible lag phase, and an acceptable absorptivity of 4-nitrophenol. Because the dissociation of 4-nitrophenol depends strongly on pH and temperature, we determined its absorptivity with various combinations of these variables in the assay. Heparin-treated plasma can be used, but not EDTA, fluoride, or citrate. Lipemia, hemoglobin less than or equal to mumol/L, bilirubin less than or equal to 170 mumol/L, glucose less than or equal to 100 mmol/L, and ascorbic acid less than or equal to 1 mmol/L of sample do not interfere in the assay.
Direct measurement of antigens in serum by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay.
Authors: Kuo J E , Milby K H , Hinsberg W D , Poole P R , McGuffin V L , Zare R N 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
A long-lived fluorescence label (Tb3+) has been attached to the antigen of interest by using a bifunctional chelating agent 1-(p-benzenediazonium)-EDTA. A nonequilibrium competitive-binding immunoassay protocol, in conjunction with time-resolved detection of the long-lived fluorescence label, allows the antigen to be analyzed directly in samples containing diluted human serum. Results obtained for immunoglobulin G with this simple and rapid procedure correlated well (r = 0.93) with those by a commercially available fluorescence immunoassay method.
Efficiency in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis increased by improved electrophoresis of amylase isoenzyme P3 on cellulose acetate.
Authors: Massey T H 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Serum from patients who have suffered acute pancreatitis contains P3, an isoenzyme of pancreatic-derived amylase (EC 3.2.1.1). Heretofore, complete resolution of P3 from the major salivary isoenzyme in serum, S1, has not been possible, thus compromising the diagnostic potential of P3 for pancreatitis. I describe an electrophoretic method for the essentially complete resolution of P3 from S1 by including CaCl2, 1 mmol/L, in the Tris barbiturate electrophoresis buffer (25 mmol/L, pH 8.8). I evaluated the clinical utility of the method for 129 consecutive patients suspected of having pancreatitis, by using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for results for total amylase, P2, and P3 activity. For a true-positive rate of 90% with a prevalence of pancreatitis of 7.8%, the diagnostic efficiency was increased from 82% (total amylase) to 91% (P2) to 98% (P3). Thus, including P3 activity in the diagnostic criteria will eliminate most false-positive results for pancreatitis based on total amylase activity alone, and should decrease the need for expensive radiologic procedures currently required to confirm the presence of pancreatitis. I conclude that P3 can be of significant value in the differential diagnosis of pancreatitis from other syndromes with hyperamylasemia.
New test for urinary glucose (BM33071) evaluated.
Authors: Smalley D L , Bradley M E 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
Results for urinary glucose by the Boehringer Mannheim BM33071 test pad and a hexokinase-based method agree well. The new test, which involves the glucose oxidase/peroxidase reaction, measures as little as 260 mg of glucose per liter. Acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and human hemoglobin do not interfere.
Four methods for determining total protein compared by using purified protein fractions from human serum.
Authors: Nishi H H , Kestner J , Elin R J 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
The proportional bias of four methods frequently used for determining low concentrations of protein was evaluated with human serum protein fractions (Cohn Fractions II, III, IV, and V). Each fraction was assigned a protein concentration value as determined by the biuret method, calibrated with purified human serum albumin monomer. All four methods (Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye-binding, the method of Lowry et al., ultraviolet absorption, and immunonephelometry gave acceptable results for Fraction V (albumin). The ultraviolet absorption and the Lowry methods overestimated the three globulin fractions (II, III, and IV), whereas the other two methods underestimated these fractions. The method of Lowry et al. gave the least proportional bias for the globulin fractions.
Determination of thyrotropin in serum by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay evaluated.
Authors: Kaihola H L , Irjala K , Viikari J , Näntö V 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We evaluated a new, highly sensitive time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for thyrotropin (TSH) in serum. This direct immunometric "sandwich"-type assay involves two monoclonal antibodies against TSH, one immobilized, the other labeled with europium. Extremely high specific activity of the label and the use of labeled antibody in large excess make the method sensitive enough to measure TSH values falling below the normal reference interval. The standard curve is nearly linear over a wide range of TSH concentrations (standard concentrations range from 0.25 to 324 milli-int. units/L). The lowest concentration detectable was 25 micro-int. units/L. The CV for the assay was less than 6% at 0.5 milli-int. unit/L or higher, 11.3% at 0.1 milli-int. unit/L. For a CV of 10% the lower limit of the working range would be around 0.1 milli-int. unit/L. The interassay CV was 6.7 to 11.8% for TSH concentrations of 0.31 to 19.6 milli-int. units/L. The 95% confidence interval for sera from 111 healthy persons was 0.6-3.8 (range 0.3-3.8) milli-int. units/L. For hyperthyroid patients and thyroid cancer patients treated with thyroxin after thyroidectomy, serum TSH values were all below the reference interval (most were less than 25 micro-int. units/L).
Oligoclonal banding in cerebrospinal fluid assessed by electrophoresis on agarose after centrifugal sample concentration through a microconcentrator membrane.
Authors: Christenson R H , Russell M E , Gubar K T , Silverman L M , Ebers G C 
Published: January 2020

Abstract
We describe use of a microconcentrator membrane with a 30 000-Da cutoff for treatment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens before detection of oligoclonal bands by electrophoresis on agarose. After centrifugation at 2000 X g for 25 min, 0.5-, 1.0-, and 2.0-mL aliquots of CSF were concentrated 15-, 25-, and 40-fold. Analytical recovery of immunoglobulins G and A from the microconcentrators was about 90% (CV 5-8%). We found good correlation between results by this method and by a silver-stain procedure in a study comparing oligoclonal banding in CSF from multiple sclerosis and control patients. After 40-fold concentration of 2 mL of CSF, 2 mg of immunoglobulin G per liter can be detected, because the analytical sensitivity of the electrophoresis is 80 mg/L.