bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cachexia Disrupts Diurnal Regulation of Activity, Feeding, and Muscle Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 in Mice
Authors: COUNTS BRITTANY R. , HARDEE JUSTIN P. , FIX DENNIS K. , VANDERVEEN BRANDON N. , MONTALVO RYAN N. , CARSON JAMES A. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Cancer cachexia is characterized by severe skeletal muscle mass loss, which is driven by decreased muscle protein synthesis and increased protein degradation. Daily physical activity and feeding behaviors exhibit diurnal fluctuations in mice that can impact the systemic environment and skeletal muscle signaling.

Purpose
We investigated the effect of cancer cachexia on the diurnal regulation of feeding, physical activity, and skeletal muscle mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in tumor-bearing mice. We also examined the impact of increased physical activity on diurnal behaviors and skeletal muscle mTROC1 signaling in the cancer environment.

Methods
Physical activity and feeding behaviors were measured for four consecutive days before sacrifice in male C57BL/6 (B6; n = 24) and ApcMin/+
(MIN; n = 22) mice at 7:00 am and 7:00 pm under ad libitum condition. A subset of B6 (n = 16) and MIN (n = 19) mice were given wheel access for 2 wk before diurnal behavior measurements. Gastrocnemius muscle protein expression was examined.

Results
The MIN mice demonstrated altered diurnal fluctuations in feeding and activity compared with the B6. Interestingly, cachexia did not alter MIN total food intake, but dramatically reduced cage physical activity. As a measurement of mTORC1 activity, 4E-BP1 phosphorylation increased after the dark cycle in B6 and precachectic MIN mice, whereas rpS6 phosphorylation was only increased after the dark cycle in MIN mice. MIN 4E-BP1 phosphorylation at the end of the light cycle was significantly correlated with cachexia progression and reduced physical activity. Voluntary wheel running increased light cycle MIN 4E-BP1 phosphorylation and attenuated muscle mass loss.

Conclusions
The cancer environment can alter diurnal feeding and physical activity behaviors in tumor-bearing mice, which are linked to the progression of cachexia and muscle wasting. Furthermore, suppressed physical activity during cachexia is associated with decreased skeletal muscle mTORC1 signaling.
Comparison of the participation rate between CT colonography and colonoscopy in screening population: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhu He , Li Fudong , Tao Ke , Wang Jing , Scurlock Carissa , Zhang Xiaofei , Xu Hong 
Published: October 2019

Objective:
To compare the participation rate between CT colonography (CTC) and colonoscopy in screening population in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods:
A search was performed using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. RCTs that included screening populations and reported participation number were assessed. Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the bias and quality. Risk ratio (RR) was used to present the results. The non-participation rate was analyzed to verify the results of participation rate.

Results:
Five of 760 studies, with a total of 15,974 invitees, were included. The participation rate was higher at CTC (28.8%) than colonoscopy (20.8%), although the difference did not reach statistical significance (RR = 1.26; p = 0.070; I2 = 90.3%). The non-participation rate at CTC was significantly lower than colonoscopy (RR = 0.92; p = 0.012; I2 = 86.7%). Subgroup analysis suggested both the participation and non-participation rate were with significant difference between reduced/no cathartic preparation CTC and colonoscopy. Cumulative meta-analysis showed both the participation rate and non-participation rate exhibited a trend over time and sample size.

Conclusion:
The participation rate was higher at CTC than colonoscopy, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. But the non-participation rate was with statistical difference. Screening population seemed more likely to participate the reduced/no cathartic preparation CTC. Statistical evidence was provided for more large RCTs are needed in the future.

Advances in knowledge:
The screening populations seem more likely to participate in the CTC, especially the reduced/no cathartic preparation CTC. The statistical evidence was provided for more large RCTs are needed in the future.
Barriers and enablers to screening and diagnosing depression and diabetes distress in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus; protocol of a qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: McGrath Niamh , McHugh Sheena , Kearney Patricia M. , Toomey Elaine 
Published: October 2019

Background: Depression and diabetes distress are common in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). These conditions are independently associated with poorer T2DM outcomes and increased healthcare utilisation and costs. Questions remain regarding the most appropriate ways of initially detecting depression and diabetes distress in this group. Diabetes guidelines recommend depression screening in primary care for people with T2DM but their implementation in practice is suboptimal. As health care professionals influence detection practices, their perceptions and experiences of these guidelines can improve understanding of aspects of the guidelines that work, and those which are more difficult to implement in practice. This study describes the protocol for a qualitative evidence synthesis of primary care health professionals’ perceived barriers and enablers to screen for and diagnose depression and diabetes distress in people with T2DM. Methods and analysis: Primary qualitative and mixed method studies will be identified using a systematic search of electronic databases and the CLUSTER (Citations, Lead authors, Unpublished materials, Scholar searches, Theories, Early examples, Related projects) approach. We selected ‘best-fit framework synthesis’ as the approach to synthesise primary data using the RETREAT (Review question-Epistemology-Time/Timescale-Resources-Expertise-Audience and purpose-Type of Data) framework. Quality appraisal of primary studies and confidence in the overall review findings will be determined using the CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) and the GRADE-CERQual (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research), respectively. Discussion: The planned review will provide the first, single point of reference of the available synthesised qualitative evidence on this topic. It will apply recommended approaches to ensure rigor and robustness of study and contribute meaningfully to understanding of how depression and diabetes distress can be initially detected in people with T2DM. This protocol is awaiting processing by the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) [ID number 145483].
Intercambios estético-culturales entre España e Italia en el siglo XVIII: la relación entre José Nicolás de Azara y Giambattista Bodoni
Authors: López Souto Noelia 
Published: October 2019

La estancia del diplomático José Nicolás de Azara en Roma en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII resultó trascendental para las relaciones político-culturales entre España e Italia, en especial gracias a su amistad y colaboración estético-editorial con el célebre tipógrafo Giambattista Bodoni, afincado en Parma. En este trabajo se da cuenta de la relevante presencia de Azara en el catálogo de este maestro neoclásico de la imprenta, y trata de analizarse el trasvase de ideas estéticas del intelectual español al italiano. Esta influencia se conceptualiza en una serie de puntos que no solo afectan a la producción bodoniana, sino que explican su conseguida poética editorial de la sobriedad. Esta se consolidó, de hecho, entre 1791 y 1794 mediante la colección de clásicos latinos que ambos amigos, Azara y Bodoni, ofrecieron para el público bibliófilo de su siglo.
Small Opening, Big Problem: Esophageal Food Bolus Impaction and Microstomia
Authors: Madhu Mathew , Mbachi Chimezie , Aisien Efesomwan , Attar Bashar , Kotwal Vikram 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Patients presenting to the hospital with esophageal food bolus impaction often need urgent upper endoscopy. However, patients with trismus and microstomia can pose a real challenge because endoscopic access in these patients can be difficult. We present a unique transoral endoscopic approach for esophageal food bolus disimpaction in a patient with microstomia and trismus resulting from chronic graft-vs-host disease.
Colorectal Cancer Risks According to Sex Differences in Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus: A Korean Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Ji Min , Lee Kang-Moon , Kim Dae Bum , Ko Seung-Hyun , Park Yong Gyu 
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION:
Developing colorectal cancer (CRC) poses challenges for patients with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We investigated CRC risk factors in patients with T2DM.

METHODS:
We retrospectively collected data from the National Health Insurance Corporation database, comprising approximately 97% of the Korean population. T2DM and CRC were defined according to International Classification of Disease codes (10th Revision) and claims data. Obesity was defined using body mass index (BMI); abdominal obesity was defined according to waist circumference. Other variables were defined using demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory data.

RESULTS:
Overall, 2,591,149 patients with T2DM were analyzed. During the follow-up period (median, 5.4 years), 24,236 CRC cases were identified. Aging (≥70 years), male sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and insulin and/or sulfonylurea use were significant risk factors for CRC. In males, smoking and alcohol consumption were more likely to lead to CRC, whereas a BMI increase was a more significant risk factor in females. Females with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and abdominal obesity were associated with an 18% increased risk of CRC compared with patients with normal weight and normal waist circumference (hazard ratio = 1.184, 95% confidence interval 1.123–1.25), whereas male patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and abdominal obesity were associated with an 8% increased risk (hazard ratio = 1.087, 95% confidence interval 1.049–1.127).

DISCUSSION:
Patients had CRC risk factors that differed according to sex. Smoking and heavy alcohol consumption were risks of CRC in males. Female patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and abdominal obesity were at a higher risk of developing CRC than males.
Ajuste protección de sobreexcitación ANSI 24 de un generador sincrónico para un relé Siemens 7UM62
Authors: Caicedo Delgado Nayiver Gladys , Andrade Alegria Carlos Alberto 
Published: October 2019

Contexto: Las funciones de protección de un grupo generador-transformador deben garantizar su vida útil cuando se presenta una condición de operación anormal, de esta manera se mejora la confiabilidad del servicio de energía eléctrica en el sistema eléctrico de potencia. Cuando la relación V/Hz del grupo se incrementa puede presentarse saturación en el núcleo magnético, induciendo un flujo de dispersión en los componentes no laminados que no están diseñados para conducirlo y puede ocurrir un daño en segundos; razón por la cual, estas máquinas se protegen con la función de protección (FDP) ANSI 24.
Metodología: Este artículo presenta la teoría que justifica la implementación de la FDP ANSI 24 en un grupo generador-transformador y la metodología para calcular cada uno de sus parámetros de ajuste en un relé multifuncional Siemens 7UM62. La originalidad del artículo radica en que se explica su diagrama lógico de decisión de una manera clara y detallada, identificando las señales de entrada: ajustes, analógicas y binarias, y sus señales de salida. Este diagrama lógico se organizó en 3 subdiagramas para facilitar su comprensión e identificar las causas que originan sus salidas de alarmas, arranque, disparos o bloqueo.
Resultados: Se obtuvo el diagrama de decisión detallado de la FDP ANSI 24, se describieron los criterios de ajuste de entrada de cada uno de los parámetros de ajustes y un procedimiento detallado para calcular cada uno. También, se obtuvieron los resultados numéricos de todos los ajustes para el grupo generador-transformador de la Unidad 1 de la Central Hidroeléctrica de Salvajina.
Conclusiones: Se recomienda para una mayor precisión en los parámetros de ajuste obtener la característica de calentamiento V/Hz real o entregada por el fabricante de los equipos a proteger.
Desarrollo y fabricación de un microsensor de gas de baja potencia para la detección de amoniaco a bajas concentraciones
Authors: Rodríguez Daniel , Bonaparte Juan , Boggio Norberto , Fasciszewski Alejandro 
Published: October 2019

Contexto: En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo y microfabricación de un sensor de gas cuyo funcionamiento se basa en las variaciones de su conductividad eléctrica en presencia de determinados gases. Para utilizar estos sensores en equipos portátiles, como monitores de gases, se requiere que la potencia utilizada para mantener la película sensible a la temperatura de funcionamiento sea muy baja. Los resultados de este desarrollo permiten contar además con una plataforma para la microfabricación de sensores de gas, sobre la que se pueda incorporar diversos tipos de películas sensoras.
Metodología: El microsensor desarrollado está constituido por una película delgada de SnO2 depositada sobre un sustrato de silicio micromaquinado. El diseño propuesto se realizó mediante simulaciones de los comportamientos mecánico y térmico. El procedimiento incluyó operaciones de microfabricación. Posteriormente se realizó la caracterización eléctrica y se ensayó la sensibilidad frente a amoniaco gaseoso.
Resultados: La microfabricación se llevó a cabo de forma satisfactoria (no se detallan todos los pasos en el presente trabajo), y se logró una alta tasa de sensores bien conformados por oblea. La caracterización del sensor frente a diferentes concentraciones de amoniaco gaseoso en aire dio como resultado una respuesta lineal para concentraciones entre 6 ppm a 50 ppm , donde este último es el límite permisible de exposición .
Conclusiones: Se desarrolló un proceso para fabricar un microsensor de gas de SnO2 de bajo consumo (50 mW). Se llevó a cabo la fabricación de los microsensores de manera satisfactoria, partiendo de simulaciones previas. En relación a trabajos futuros, la plataforma micromaquinada desarrollada, con el calefactor incorporado, permitirá utilizar distintas películas sensoras.
Optimized Hierarchical Control for an AC Microgrid Under Attack
Authors: Toro Vladimir , Baron Eder David , Mojica-Nava Eduardo 
Published: October 2019

Context: An inverter-based microgrid working in islanded mode can suffer cyber- attacks, these can be done against either the local controller or the communication links among the inverters. Secondary control is able to reject those attacks, however, a tertiary control action is necessary in order to stabilize the power flow among the microgrid.
Method: Confidence factor technique allows to reject attacks in a microgrid acting directly over the secondary control, however, this technique omits other factor related to the power available. In this case, secondary control was complemented with a tertiary control that includes optimization criteria.
Results: An inverter-based microgrid is simulated in Matlab for different scenarios and under cyberattack, this allows checking the correct response of the controller under attacks and the effective powersharing among inverters.
Conclusions: The tertiary control allows stabilizing the active power of the system after the rejection of a cyber-attack by the secondary control. Each inverter supplies active power according to its máximum power rating without affecting the stability of the whole system.
Generación de Nubes de Puntos 3D con Escáner Laser Terrestre. Georreferenciación y Evaluación de la Calidad
Authors: Falip Sofia , Del Cogliano Daniel 
Published: October 2019

Contexto: La técnica LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) permite el modelado 3D de estructuras con un nivel de resolución inédito y precisión milimétrica. Esta tecnología está naturalmente relacionada con la Agrimensura, más aún cuando los modelos forman parte de espacios georreferenciados con respecto a sistemas de referencia geodésicos y verticales. Diferentes mediciones LiDAR deben ser vinculadas geométricamente con técnicas topográficas clásicas ó geodésicas como GNSS, lo que condiciona la calidad geométrica externa del modelo integrado. La comparación en el tiempo de modelos 3D de precisión milimétrica requiere de un conocimiento de los sistemas de referencia con por lo menos, el mismo nivel de confianza. En consecuencia, la exactitud de las determinaciones debe ser validada.
Método: Se relevaron dos edificios pertenecientes a la Universidad Nacional de la Plata mediante LiDAR terrestre estático. Estos escáneres miden la superficie directamente visible, y el relevamiento completo de un objeto requiere de varias estaciones de registro. El producto final resulta del empate de los diferentes escaneos. Para ello existen distintas técnicas, la utilizada en este trabajo es la de elementos comunes identificables desde estaciones aledañas. Los resultados son expresados en un marco de referencia terrestre a partir de una poligonal de apoyo que involucró mediciones con estación total, nivel automático y equipos GNSS. La calidad de los modelos 3D obtenidos fue evaluada internamente, a partir de los parámetros estadísticos del procesamiento y en forma externa, mediante las coordenadas de puntos de control obtenidas con métodos independientes.
Resultados: La calidad geométrica interna de los puntos de las nubes de puntos generadas por el LiDAR terrestre estático Trimble TX5, fue estimada en 1 a 3 milímetros (1RMS). Las técnicas topográficas clásicas utilizadas en la poligonal de apoyo arrojaron una coherencia de 3 mm en cada una de las componentes, mientras que para la georreferenciación obtenida mediante mediciones GNSS, fue de 1 cm.
Conclusiones: La calidad geométrica interna de los puntos de las nubes generadas muestran la capacidad de representación de estos modelos 3D y su potencial para el análisis de deformaciones internas (como ángulos y distancias). Las diferentes nubes LiDAR 3D inicialmente desvinculadas entre sí, pueden ser integradas a través de métodos geodésicos-topográficos y georreferenciadas en un marco de referencia geodésico de calidad adecuada.
Jordanian Nursing Student and Instructor Perceptions of the Clinical Learning Environment
Authors: Bawadi Hala A. , Al-Hamdan Zaid M. , Nabolsi Manar , Abu-Moghli Fathieh , Zumot Arwa , Walsh Andrew 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundTraining within clinical areas is a vital part of nursing education. In order to effectively modify and facilitate such training, it is important to understand the perceptions of nursing educators and students about what constitutes effective practices. Objective: This study explores perceptions of Jordanian nursing students and clinical instructors related to clinical training and the learning environment. Design: Interpretative phenomenological qualitative approach was used in this study. Method: semi-structured focus group interviews in two Jordanian Universities Results: The study identified four themes focused on the experiences of these participants. Themes were attributes of clinical training placement, attributes of clinical instructors, attributes of clinical nursing curriculum and student’s attributes. The first theme had two subthemes “Structure and nature of clinical placement” and “Nurses’ collaboration”. Conclusion: The study recommendations are: nursing schools should plan students’ clinical experience taking into consideration the challenges associated with these attributes
A pseudorotaxane formed from a cucurbit[7]uril wheel and a bioinspired molecular axle with pH, light and redox-responsive properties
Authors: Seco André , Diniz Ana Marta , Sarrato João , Mourão Henrique , Cruz Hugo , Parola A. Jorge , Basílio Nuno 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A pH-, light- and redox-responsive flavylium-bipyridinium molecular dyad (bioinspired in natural anthocyanins) was synthesized and employed to devise a pseudorotaxane with the macrocycle cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) in aqueous solution. The inclusion complex was characterized by UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence emission, NMR and electrochemical techniques which demonstrate formation of a stable binary complex between the dyad and CB7 both under acidic and neutral conditions. It is noteworthy that the flavylium-bipyridinium tricationic dyad is only stable in highly acidic media, undergoing a reversible hydration reaction at slightly acidic or neutral pH to give a trans-chalcone-bipyridinium dication. 1H NMR experiments showed that in this last species the CB7 binds to the bipyridinium unit while in the tricationic species the macrocycle is positioned between the flavylium and the bipyridinium moieties. The different location of the CB7 wheel in the two dyad states allows control of the shuttling movement using light and pH stimuli that trigger the interconversion between these two species.
Befestigte Siedlungen der Kupferzeit im Balkanraum – das Beispiel Sušina im Kreis Šumen, Nordostbulgarien
Authors: Čohadžiev Stefan , Krauß Raiko 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Bereits während des Spätneolithikums wurden im Balkanraum verschiedene Arten von Befestigungsanlagen entwickelt, deren Zahl während der Kupferzeit deutlich zunimmt. Der Zuwachs an befestigten Siedlungen verläuft zeitlich parallel zur Entwicklung der Metallwaffen und zeigt Konzentrationen in denjenigen Gebieten, in denen auch die meisten frühen Kupferwaffen auftreten. Die Herausbildung von befestigten Siedlungen kann somit höchstwahrscheinlich als Reaktion auf die sozialen und technologischen Entwicklungen während des 5. Jahrtausends v. Chr. in Südosteuropa angesehen werden. Bislang von der Forschung wenig beachtet sind einige Tellsiedungen mit Steinmauern und Toranlagen, von denen in diesem Beitrag exemplarisch die Befestigung von Sušina in Nordostbulgarien vorgestellt wird. Die befestigten Siedlungen der Kupferzeit im Balkanraum können neben der Entwicklung der Metallurgie und dem Auftreten eines stark differenzierten Bestattungsrituals als weiteres Anzeichen für die starke gesellschaftliche Stratifizierung angesehen werden. Darüber hinaus bieten Funde von Gewaltopfern, Kampfspuren an den Befestigungsanlagen und ein besonderer Umgang mit menschlichen Skelettelementen zusätzliche Hinweise auf das Gewaltpotenzial dieser Zeit.
True Stress Calculation for Tension Tests Prior to Necking
Authors: Dowling Norman E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In determining true stresses prior to necking, the relationship usually employed is σ=S(1+e). The derivation of this expression involves approximating the gage section volume as being constant. However, this approximation is not necessary. A more exact but implicit relationship for σ is developed and compared with the traditional expression.