bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The incidence and etiology of sixth cranial nerve palsy in Koreans: A 10-year nationwide cohort study
Authors: Jung Eun Hye , Kim Seong-Joon , Lee Joo Yeon , Cho Bum-Joo 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the incidence, prevalence, and etiology of sixth cranial nerve (CN6) palsy in the general Korean population. The nationally representative dataset of the Korea National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort from 2006 through 2015 was analyzed. The incidence and prevalence of CN6 palsy were estimated in the cohort population, confirming that incident cases of CN6 palsy involved a preceding disease-free period of ≥4 years. The etiologies of CN6 palsy were presumed using comorbidity conditions. Among the 1,108,256 cohort subjects, CN6 palsy developed in 486 patients during the 10-year follow-up. The overall incidence of CN6 palsy was estimated to be 4.66 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.26–5.08) in the general population. This incidence increased with age, accelerating after 60 years of age and peaking at 70–74 years of age. The mean male-to-female incidence ratio was estimated as 1.41 in the whole population, and the incidence and prevalence of CN6 palsy showed an increasing trend over time in the study period. Surgical incidence for CN6 palsy was only 0.19 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI, 0.12–0.29). The etiologies were presumed to be vascular (56.6%), idiopathic (27.2%), neoplastic (5.6%), and traumatic (4.9%). In conclusion, the incidence of CN6 palsy increases with age, peaking at around 70 years, and shows a mild male predominance in Koreans.
Expression of apoptotic and proliferation factors in gastric mucosa of patients with systemic sclerosis correlates with form of the disease
Authors: Boric Katarina , Mardesic Snjezana , Martinovic Kaliterna Dusanka , Radic Mislav , Tadin Hadjina Ivana , Vukojevic Katarina , Kosovic Ivona , Solic Ivana , Zekic Tomas Sandra , Saraga-Babic Mirna 
Published: December 2019

AbstractDespite high prevalence of patients with gastric disease in systemic sclerosis (SSc), its pathogenesis is still poorly understood. We immunohistochemically analysed biopsies of gastric mucosa (GM) in 5 controls and 15 patients with different forms of SSc: limited cutaneous (lc), diffuse cutaneous moderate (sys1) and severe (sys2). The number of positive cells was analysed by a Kruskall-Wallis test,P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Percentage of proliferating (Ki-67 positive) cells was highest in sys1 (3% in superficial and 4,6% in deeper parts of GM), which dropped to 1% in sys2. Percentage of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) positive cells was 5% in controls, 9% in superficial GM, while in deeper GM rose from 7% to 19% in sys1 and sys2, thus indicating increased myofibroblast population. Caspase-3 positive apoptotic cells characterized 1,5–2% of controls, 8% of superficial and 6% of deeper GM cells in sys1. In sys2, apoptosis affected 50% of surface epithelial and gland cells and 30% of deeper glands, and correlated with increased fibrosis and decreased syndecan-1 expression. Our data demonstrate that sys1 is the most „active” proliferating form of SSc. Sys2 characterize collagen deposition, surface epithelium defects, extensive apoptosis and low proliferation, GM atrophy and loss of function.
The long term impact of Daylight Saving Time regulations in daily life at several circles of latitude
Authors: Martín-Olalla José María 
Published: December 2019

AbstractWe analyze large scale (N ~ 10000) time use surveys in United States, Spain, Italy, France and Great Britain to ascertain seasonal variations in the sleep/wake cycle and the labor cycle after daylight saving time regulations have stood up for at least forty years. That is, not the usual search for the impact of the biannual transitions, but a search for how industrialized societies have answered to DST regulations at different circles of latitude. Results show that the labor cycle is equally distributed through seasons if measured in local time. It is an everyday experience which is a major outcome of DST. The sleep/wake cycle displays disturbances punctuated by solar events: sunrise, sunset and noon. In week-ends, under free preferences, sleep onset delays in summer, opposing to the regulation and following the delay in sunset time, while sleep offset advances, despite clock time already advanced in the spring transition. This advance still follows the advance in sunrise times. The best explanation for these findings is that human cycles are not misaligned by the size and direction of DST regulations, which explains the success of that practice. The sleep/wake cycle in Great Britain and France exhibit fewer statistically significant excursions than the sleep/wake cycle in Spain, Italy and United States, despite light and dark seasonal deviations are larger. That could be indicating that the preference for a seasonal regulation of time decreases with increasing latitude above 47°. The preferences for a seasonal regulation of clocks and for the choice of permanent summer time or permanent winter time are sketched from a previous report on human activity.
Ventral Tegmental Area Projection Regulates Glutamatergic Transmission in Nucleus Accumbens
Authors: Yu Jun , Ishikawa Masago , Wang Junshi , Schlüter Oliver M. , Sesack Susan R. , Dong Yan 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe ventral tegmental area (VTA) projection to the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) regulates NAcSh-mediated motivated behaviors in part by modulating the glutamatergic inputs. This modulation is likely to be mediated by multiple substances released from VTA axons, whose phenotypic diversity is illustrated here by ultrastructural examination. Furthermore, we show in mouse brain slices that a brief optogenetic stimulation of VTA-to-NAc projection induced a transient inhibition of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in NAcSh principal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). This inhibition was not accompanied by detectable alterations in presynaptic release properties of electrically-evoked EPSCs, suggesting a postsynaptic mechanism. The VTA projection to the NAcSh releases dopamine, GABA and glutamate, and induces the release of other neuronal substrates that are capable of regulating synaptic transmission. However, pharmacological inhibition of dopamine D1 or D2 receptors, GABAA or GABAB receptors, NMDA receptors, P2Y1 ATP receptors, metabotropic glutamate receptor 5, and TRP channels did not prevent this short-term inhibition. These results suggest that an unknown mechanism mediates this form of short-term plasticity induced by the VTA-to-NAc projection.
A novel recombinant javanicin with dual antifungal and anti-proliferative activities
Authors: Orrapin Santhasiri , Intorasoot Amornrat , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Dechsupa Nathupakorn , Kantapan Jiraporn , Onphat Yanika , Srimek Chutima , Sitthidet Tharinjaroen Chayada , Anukool Usanee , Butr-Indr Bordin , Phunpae Ponrut , Intorasoot Sorasak 
Published: December 2019

AbstractResistance to common drugs by microorganisms and cancers has become a major issue in modern healthcare, increasing the number of deaths worldwide. Novel therapeutic agents with a higher efficiency and less side effects for the treatment of certain diseases are urgently needed. Plant defensins have an integral role in a hosts’ immune system and are attractive candidates for combatting drug-resistant microorganisms. Interestingly, some of these defensins also showed great potential due to their cytotoxic activity toward cancer cells. In this study, a defensin encoding gene was isolated from five legume seeds using 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (3′ RACE) with degenerate primers and cDNA cloning strategies. Bioinformatic tools were used forin silicoidentification and the characterization of new sequences. To study the functional characteristics of these unique defensins, the gene encoded forSesbania javanicadefensin, designated as javanicin, was cloned into pTXB-1 plasmid and expressed in theEscherichia coliOrigami 2 (DE3) strain. Under optimized conditions, a 34-kDa javanicin-intein fusion protein was expressed and approximately 2.5–3.5 mg/L of soluble recombinant javanicin was successfully extracted with over 90% purity. Recombinant javanicin displayed antifungal properties against human pathogenic fungi, including resistant strains, as well as cytotoxic activities toward the human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 & MDA-MB-231. Recombinant javanicin holds great promise as a novel therapeutic agent for further medical applications.
Multiple sclerosis drug FTY-720 toxicity is mediated by the heterotypic fusion of organelles in neuroendocrine cells
Authors: Gimenez-Molina Yolanda , García-Martínez Virginia , Villanueva José , Davletov Bazbek , Gutiérrez Luis M. 
Published: December 2019

AbstractFTY-720 (Fingolimod) was one of the first compounds authorized for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Among its other activities, this sphingosine analogue enhances exocytosis in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells, altering the quantal release of catecholamines. Surprisingly, the size of chromaffin granules is reduced within few minutes of treatment, a process that is paralleled by the homotypic fusion of granules and their heterotypic fusion with mitochondria, as witnessed by dynamic confocal and TIRF microscopy. Electron microscopy studies support these observations, revealing the fusion of several vesicles with individual mitochondria to form large, round mixed organelles. This cross-fusion is SNARE-dependent, being partially prevented by the expression of an inactive form of SNAP-25. Fused mitochondria exhibit an altered redox potential, which dramatically enhances cell death. Therefore, the cross-fusion of intracellular organelles appears to be a new mechanism to be borne in mind when considering the effect of FTY-720 on the survival of neuroendocrine cells.
Association betweenapurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1rs1760944 T&gt;G polymorphism and susceptibility of cancer: a meta-analysis involving 21764 subjects
Authors: Ding Guowen , Chen Yu , Pan Huiwen , Qiu Hao , Tang Weifeng , Chen Shuchen 
Published: December 2019

AbstractBackground: Previous case–control studies have suggested that apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) rs1760944 T&gt;G polymorphism may be associated with cancer risk. Here, we carried out an updated meta-analysis to focus on the correlation between APE1 rs1760944 T&gt;G locus and the risk of cancer.Methods: We used the crude odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the possible relationship between the APE1 rs1760944 T&gt;G polymorphism and cancer risk. Heterogeneity, publication bias and sensitivity analysis were also harnessed to check the potential bias of the present study.Results: Twenty-three independent studies involving 10166 cancer cases and 11598 controls were eligible for this pooled analysis. We found that APE1 rs1760944 T&gt;G polymorphism decreased the risk of cancer in four genetic models (G vs. T: OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.83–0.92; P&lt;0.001; GG vs. TT: OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.69–0.86; P&lt;0.001; GG/TG vs. TT: OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77–0.89, P&lt;0.001 and GG vs. TT/TG: OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.80–0.92, P&lt;0.001). Results of subgroup analyses also demonstrated that this single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) modified the risk among lung cancer, breast cancer, osteosarcoma, and Asians. Evidence of publication bias was found in the present study. When we treated the publication bias with ‘trim-and-fill’ method, the adjusted ORs and CIs were not significantly changed.Conclusion: In conclusion, current evidence highlights that the APE1 rs1760944 T&gt;G polymorphism is a protective factor for cancer susceptibility. In the future, case–control studies with detailed risk factors are needed to confirm or refute our findings.
Perceptions of Stuttering of Different Age Groups
Authors: Kondrashov Sergey M. , Tetnowski John A. 
Published: December 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the perceptions of stuttering of school-age children who stutter and those of adults who stutter through the use of the same tools that could be commonly used by clinicians.

Method

Twenty-three participants across various ages and stuttering severity were administered both the Stuttering Severity Instrument–Fourth Edition (SSI-4;
Riley, 2009
) and the Wright & Ayre Stuttering Self-Rating Profile (
Wright & Ayre, 2000
). Comparisons were made between severity of behavioral measures of stuttering made by the SSI-4 and by age (child/adult).

Results
Significant differences were obtained for the age comparison but not for the severity comparison. Results are explained in terms of the correlation between severity equivalents of the SSI-4 and the Wright & Ayre Stuttering Self-Rating Profile scores, with clinical implications justifying multi-aspect assessment.

Conclusions
Clinical implications indicate that self-perception and impact of stuttering must not be assumed and should be evaluated for individual participants. Research implications include further study with a larger subject pool and various levels of stuttering severity.
Differential piezoresistive wind speed sensor on flexible substrate
Authors: Yi Zhenxiang , Zhao Tian , Qin Ming , Huang Qing‐An 
Published: December 2019

In this Letter, a differential piezoresitive wind speed sensor on a flexible substrate is proposed. Two piezoresistors with the same size are fabricated on the front surface and back surface of the substrate, respectively. When the wind blows towards the device, the flexible substrate is bent, increasing the resistance on the front surface and reducing that on the back surface. The proposed sensor is fabricated on a polyethylene terephthalate substrate. Wind speed experiments are performed in the wind tunnel and the results demonstrate that the sensor can measure the wind speed up to about 20 m/s.
Identifying Prognostic Groups Using Machine Learning Tools in Patients Undergoing Chemoradiation for Inoperable Locally Advanced Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Pahuja Anjali K. , Chufal Kundan Singh , Ahmad Irfan , Bajpai Ram , Singh Rajpal , Chowdhary Rahul Lal , Sharma Maithili 
Published: December 2019

Introduction Unresectable stage III nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to have dismal 5-year overall survival (OS) rate. However, a subset of the patients treated with chemoradiation show significantly better outcome. Prediction of treatment outcome can be improved by utilizing machine learning tools, such as cluster analysis (CA), and is capable of identifying complex interactions among many variables. We have utilized CA to identify a cluster with good prognosis within stage III NSCLC.
Materials and Methods Retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes was done for 92 patients who underwent chemoradiation for inoperable locally advanced NSCLC from 2012 to 2018. Using various patient- and treatment-related variables, an exploratory factor analysis was performed to extract factors with eigenvalue > 1. An appropriate number of homogeneous groups were identified using agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis. Further K-mean cluster analysis was applied to classify each patient into their homogeneous clusters. The newly formed cluster variable was used as an independent variable to estimate survival over time using Kaplan–Meier method.
Results With a median follow-up of 18 months, median OS was 14 months. Using CA, three prognostic clusters were obtained. Cluster 2 with 36 patients had a median OS of 36 months, whereas Cluster 1 with 34 patients had a median OS of 20 months (p = 0.004).
Conclusion A cluster could thus be identified with a relatively good prognosis within stage III NSCLC. Using CA, we have attempted to create a model which may provide more specific prognostic information in addition to that provided by tumor node metastasis-based models.
Characterization flour of two seaweeds (Gracilaria spp. and Kappaphycus alvarezii) for reducing consumption of wheat flour in Indonesia
Authors: Munandar A , Surilayani D , Haryati S , Sumantri M H , Aditia R P , Pratama G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Dependence on wheat flour in Indonesia can be reduced by looking for substitute ingredients which had high nutritional value, one of which was seaweeds. The objective of this research was to determine the characteristics of flour of two seaweeds (Gracilaria spp. and Kappaphycus alvarezii). Seaweed flours have produced using a hammer mill. The comparative of characteristics on two seaweed flours with proximate composition, crude fiber, and L* parameter. The proximate content of seaweed flours from Gracilaria spp. and K. alvarezii were moisture 11,83% and 17,56%, ash 15,08% and 16,90%, fat 0,32% and 0,13%, and protein 8,77% and 4,07%, respectively. The value of crude fiber and L* parameter in seaweed flour K. alvarezii (5,43% and 80,50%) were higher than Gracilaria spp. (4,77% and 49,90%). The best of seaweed flour was Gracilaria spp. flour, because of the content almost similar to wheat flour.
Effects of L-threonine and L-tryptophan supplementation on the body weight and internal organs weight of native chickens aged 14 weeks
Authors: Lisnahan C V , Nahak O R 
Published: December 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of L-threonine and L-tryptophan supplementation on the body weight and internal organs weight of native chickens aged 14 weeks. The experiment used 112 six-week old native chickens. They were allocated to four treatments and four replicates. The four dietary treatments were: (1) T0(control); (2) T1(supplementation of 0.25% L-threonine and 0.07% L-tryptophan); (3) T2(supplementation of 0.58% L-threonine and 0.14% L-tryptophan); and (4) T3(supplementation of 0.85% L-threonine and 0.20% L-tryptophan). The result showed that the body weight of T0, T1, T2and T3were 1044.28, 1081.91, 1115.95 and 1151.34 g/bird, respectively. The liver, pancreas, and gizzard weights and the intestinal length were 2.56, 2.66, 2.81 and 2.91 g/bird; 3.90, 4.17, 4.43 and 4.46 g/bird; 26.00, 28.63, 30.26 and 31.28 g/bird; 124.80, 131.90, 137.88 and 139.73 cm/bird, respectively. The result indicated that the body weight, liver, gizzard, and intestinal length affected by level of L-threonine and L-tryptophan (P<0.01). It was concluded that supplementation with 0.85% L-threonine and 0.20% L-tryptophan to the diet of native chickens resulted in optimal body weight and internal organs weight at 14 weeks.
Growth and production of 2 cultivars (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) on regrowth phase
Authors: Ananta D , Bachruddin Z , Umami N 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to determine growth and production of two Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. Cultivars: GU-1 (Accession 1 from Gama Ray) and local on regrowth phase. The defoliation treatment was conducted for 120 days from regrowth phase 1 and 2 of both cultivars, with three replicates for each dose. Grasses were planted with space 1×1 m and then divided into three plots. Variables observed in the study included vegetative growth (plant height, plant length, segments length, leaves length, stem diameter, and number of tiller) and biomass production (fresh, dry matter, and organic matter production). The study used split-plot design with main-plot was regrowth phase, sub-plot was cultivars (GU-1 and local). Statistically significant results with ANOVA (α=0.05) were followed by Duncan’s new multiple range test. The results showed that GU-1 produced higher (P<0.05) biomass production on fresh (141.79 t/ha), dry matter (25.85 t/ha), and organic matter production (22.96 t/ha) than local Napiergrass. Regrowth phase 2 showed higher plant length, number of tiller and biomass production than those in phase 1. It can be concluded that napiergrass of GU-1 cultivar had higher biomass production than local. Defoliation can increase vegetative growth and biomass production of napiergrass.
Impact of the number of blades of the geokhod cutting body on the energy intensity of the rock destruction
Authors: Aksenov V V , Efremenkov A B , Sadovets V Yu , Pashkov D A , Efremenkov V A 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The article presents the sequence of calculating the energy intensity of the rock destruction with the blade of the geokhod cutting body. The influence of the number of cutting elements of the geokhod body on the energy intensity of rock destruction is determined. To substantiate the relevance of the study, features of the new class of mining machines – geokhods and the main provisions of geokhod technology are presented.
The main research stages are formulated, based on the method for determining the energy intensity of the destruction of the rock face with the blade of the geokhod body. Geometrical features and power parameters of the geokhod blade cutting body that affect the energy intensity of rock destruction are identified.
To determine the influence of the number of blades of the geokhod body on the energy intensity of the destruction of the rock face, the geometrical parameters of the blade body and the parameters of the mining and technical conditions of the mine working are substantiated. For carrying out mathematical calculations, an algorithm has been developed for calculating the energy intensity of the destruction of a rock face with a blade body a geokhod. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the energy intensity of the destruction of rock with the blade cutting body increases unevenly with increasing number of blades.
The concept of creating perspective technological paradigm of formation (development) of the underground space on the basis of the leading development of new approaches in construction geotechnology and geotechnics. Premises and basic provisions (part 2)
Authors: Aksenov V V , Khoreshok A A , Beglyakov V U , Efremenkov A B 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
The article presents some reasons for the lagging of domestic mining engineering from foreign competitors, substantiates the need to form a new promising technological paradigm in the field of formation and development of underground space. A new systematic approach to the development of geotechnics and geotechnologies is proposed, which allows for creation of prerequisites for formation of a new technological structure and Russia’s breakthrough into leading positions in the field of geotechnology and mining engineering.
Reserves for increasing electricity production on operating nuclear power plants
Authors: Belyakov V N , Kondurov P , Kruglikov P A , Nikulenkov O V 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Ways to increase electricity production on operation nuclear power plants by means of improving circuit equipment performance are considered. The paper gives specific quantitative examples of underproduction of electric power by individual nodes of the thermal circuit of a nuclear power unit. The authors emphasize the importance of the development of a thermal-hydraulic model of an NPP unit at the stage of data processing of thermal tests with a view to agreeing the energy and material balances of the thermal scheme. This approach allows to increase the accuracy of the analysis of thermal efficiency of energy equipment.
Study of the thermal stability of process lubricants for heavy-duty modes of contact friction
Authors: Berdichevsky E G 
Published: December 2019

Abstract
Results of research of thermal stability of the lubricants used in industrial technologies related to heavy-duty modes of contact friction are given. Certain mathematical models of thermal destruction of lubricants process allow to give approximate quality assessment. Considering complexity of process of thermal destruction experimental studies are necessary and orientation for them is offered. The two-stage process of thermal destruction of lubricants is shown; the rate of pyrolysis is studied. The conclusion is drawn on the influence of flying products of thermal decomposition of lubricants on a tribological situation in the zone of contact friction.