bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mertk signaling and immune regulation in T cells
Authors: Varsanyi Christopher , Birge Raymond B 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
While widely viewed as inhibitory receptors that drive efferocytosis and immune resolution on myeloid cells, TAM family members, particularly Mertk, have emerged as promising targets in immune-oncology to help stimulate host antitumor immunity. A recent study shows that Mertk expressed on human T cells, including CD8+ T cells and differentiated central memory T cells, has a co-stimulatory function for the T Cell Receptor. These new findings reveal the complexity and diversification of Mertk in immune regulation and its implications to cancer therapeutics.
Molecular and niche modeling approaches to identify potential amplifying hosts for an emerging tick-borne pathogen, Rickettsia rickettsii subsp. californica, the causative agent of Pacific Coast tick fever
Authors: Mai Vincent , Boria Robert A , Padgett Kerry , Koo Michelle S , Saunders Megan E M , Billeter Sarah , Asin Javier , Shooter Savannah , Zambrano Maria , Karpathy Sandor , Paddock Christopher D , Swei Andrea 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Pacific Coast tick fever is a recently described zoonotic disease in California caused by a spotted fever group rickettsia, Rickettsia rickettsii subsp. californica (formerly Rickettsia 364D) and transmitted by the Pacific Coast tick, Dermacentor occidentalis. Like many emerging vector-borne diseases, knowledge regarding the transmission cycle, contribution from potential amplifying hosts, and geographic distribution of R. rickettsii californica is limited. We paired molecular analysis with comparative spatial niche modeling to identify vertebrate hosts potentially involved in the transmission cycle of this pathogen. We identified R. rickettsii californica DNA in three mammal species (Otospermophilus beecheyi, Lepus californicus, and Sylvilagus audubonii). This is the first record of R. rickettsii californica detected in mammals and may indicate potential amplifying hosts for this human pathogen. Species niche modeling of uninfected and infected D. occidentalis identified areas of high suitability along the coast and Sierra Nevada foothills of California. These findings support the hypothesis that amplifying host(s) may support higher infection prevalence in the infected tick regions compared to other parts of the tick’s range. Potential host species distribution models (SDMs) were constructed from museum records and niche overlap statistics were used to compare habitat suitability with R. rickettsii californica-infected tick SDMs. We found higher than null overlap of infected ticks with California ground squirrels (O. beecheyii) and trending, but nonsignificant, overlap with two lagomorph species. Pairing molecular and niche modeling may be a useful approach to identify species that are involved in the maintenance of emerging tick-borne zoonoses.
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among various occupational workers in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mishra SukhDev , Avinash G , Kundu Madan G , Verma Jyotsna , Sheth Ankit , Dutta Abhijit 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Objectives: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are among the most common occupational diseases, affecting various sectors such as agriculture, small-scale industries, handicrafts, construction, and banking. These disorders, caused by overexertion and repetitive motion, lead to work absenteeism, productivity loss, and economic impacts. The aim of the study was to determine the magnitude of musculoskeletal disorders among different occupational workers in India.
Methods: We identified studies reporting the prevalence of WMSDs using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire in different databases between 2005 and 2023 through searches on SCOPUS, PubMed Central, and Google Scholar. The required information was then extracted. A random effects model was used to pool estimates of prevalence with 95% CIs. Publication bias was assessed by applying funnel plots.
Results: The 12-month prevalence of WMSDs was reported across several occupational groups, and the meta or the pooled prevalence was estimated as 0.76 (95% CI, 0.70 to 0.82) along with substantial variability in the prevalence estimates between different industries and studies. The meta-prevalence for low back pain was estimated as 0.60 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.66). The meta-prevalence for neck pain was estimated as 0.40 (95% CI, 0.34 to 0.47) whereas for shoulder pain it was estimated as 0.36 (95% CI, 0.30 to 0.42), respectively. The risk of bias was statistically nonsignificant, and overall publication bias was low as per visual inspections from funnel plots.
Conclusions: WMSDs are prevalent across various Indian industries in significant proportions, particularly in agriculture, health care, and mining, leading to significant productivity loss and economic impact. The variation in prevalence highlights the need for sector-specific interventions. Addressing WMSDs requires comprehensive ergonomic and policy measures. Effective strategies are essential to mitigate these disorders’ widespread impact.
A case of Lemmel’s syndrome: a rare cause of non-neoplastic obstruction of the biliary tract
Authors: Riaz Tahira , Riaz Saood Ahmed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We report the case of a 77-year-old woman with jaundice but no evidence of choledocholithiasis or other alterations of the biliary tree except for a duodenal diverticulum. Lemmel’s syndrome was diagnosed and an endoscopic sphincterotomy with stenting was performed. Lemmel’s syndrome is a rare disease that must be considered as a cause of obstructive jaundice.
Radiation safety
Authors: Buechel Ronny R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Potential adverse effects of ionizing radiation may be classified as stochastic and deterministic. Whereas deterministic effects are clearly defined with known cut-offs, the risk of stochastic effects is, by nature, difficult to assess. Several theories have been established to this end, with the so-called linear non-threshold (LNT) theory among the most commonly applied. Whereas the true risks of low-dose radiation exposure from medical imaging remain unknown, there is a consensus that imagers should adhere to the principle of ‘as low as reasonably achievable’ (ALARA). This chapter provides an overview of the most important concepts and terms used in the field of radiation safety, and provides some information on best practices to reduce radiation dose exposure.
Radionuclide imaging in heart failure
Authors: Giannopoulos Andreas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Molecular radionuclide imaging of heart failure patients can provide incremental information on diagnosis and long-term prognosis, in addition to individualizing treatment strategies. Although radionuclide assessment of left and right ventricular function is not a first-line examination, ventriculography and gated myocardial perfusion imaging can provide with relatively accurate, reproducible information on left and right ventricular function. Evaluation of left ventricular dyssynchrony and myocardial perfusion can identify patients who will likely benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy and guide optimal lead positioning. Myocardial perfusion and viability evaluation with radiotracers allow for identification of jeopardized myocardium and potentially enable individualized medical or interventional management. Finally, nuclear imaging of the cardiac autonomic nervous system assessing myocardial innervation can personalize risk stratification and guide device therapy.
Radionuclide imaging in myocardial and other disorders
Authors: Jellis Christine , Dweck Marc R. , Hutt Erika , Cremer Paul C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides information on the role of nuclear cardiology in the evaluation of primary and secondary disorders. A special subchapter is dedicated to the possible role of nuclear cardiology in oncology and myocardial toxicity. Moreover, imaging of infection and other forms of inflammations is explained.
Radionuclide imaging in heart and lung disease
Authors: Gimelli Alessia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although computed tomography angiography now has been widely adopted for evaluation of pulmonary embolism and pulmonary vasculature, nuclear-based techniques can still have significant utility in the evaluation of lung pulmonary perfusion and right ventricular size and function, as well as right and left ventricular denervation in pulmonary hypertension. This chapter reviews current professional societal guidelines for these indications, as well as case examples to highlight the utility of nuclear techniques in right-sided cardiac pathologies.
The MeerKAT Pulsar Timing Array: the 4.5-yr data release and the noise and stochastic signals of the millisecond pulsar population
Authors: Miles Matthew T , Shannon Ryan M , Reardon Daniel J , Bailes Matthew , Champion David J , Geyer Marisa , Gitika Pratyasha , Grunthal Kathrin , Keith Michael J , Kramer Michael , Kulkarni Atharva D , Nathan Rowina S , Parthasarathy Aditya , Porayko Nataliya K , Singha Jaikhomba , Theureau Gilles , Abbate Federico , Buchner Sarah , Cameron Andrew D , Camilo Fernando , Moreschi Beatrice E , Shaifullah Golam , Shamohammadi Mohsen , Krishnan Vivek Venkatraman 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are ensembles of regularly observed millisecond pulsars timed to high precision. Each pulsar in an array could be affected by a suite of noise processes, most of which are astrophysically motivated. Analysing them carefully can be used to understand these physical processes. However, the primary purpose of these experiments is to detect signals that are common to all pulsars, in particular signals associated with a stochastic gravitational wave background. To detect this, it is paramount to appropriately characterize other signals that may otherwise impact array sensitivity or cause a spurious detection. Here, we describe the second data release and first detailed noise analysis of the pulsars in the MeerKAT Pulsar Timing Array, comprising high-cadence and high-precision observations of 83 millisecond pulsars over 4.5 yr. We use this analysis to search for a common signal in the data, finding a process with an amplitude of $\log _{10}{A_{\mathrm{ CURN}}} = -14.25^{+0.21}_{-0.36}$ and spectral index $\gamma _\mathrm{CURN} = 3.60^{+1.31}_{-0.89}$. Fixing the spectral index at the value predicted for a background produced by the inspiral of binary supermassive black holes, we measure the amplitude to be $\log _{10}{A_{\mathrm{ CURN}}} = -14.28^{+0.21}_{-0.21}$ at a significance expressed as a Bayes factor of $\ln (\mathcal {B}) = 4.46$. Under both assumptions, the amplitude that we recover is larger than those reported by other PTA experiments. We use the results of this analysis to forecast our sensitivity to a gravitational wave background possessing the spectral properties of the common signal we have measured.
A first measurement of galaxy merger rate increasing in dynamically colder protoclusters at cosmic noon
Authors: Liu Shuang , Zheng Xian Zhong , Gonzalez Valentino , Yang Xiaohu , Huang Jia-Sheng , Shi Dong Dong , Xu Haiguang , Yuan Qirong , Zhang Yuheng , Wen Run , Qiao Man , Yang Chao , Lyu Zongfei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
The process of galaxy cluster formation likely leaves an imprint on the properties of its individual member galaxies. Understanding this process is essential for uncovering the evolutionary connections between galaxies and cosmic structures. Here, we study a sample of 10 protoclusters at $z\sim 2$–3 in different dynamical states that we estimate based on spectroscopic data of their members. We combine the dynamical information with Hubble Space Telescope imaging to measure galaxy sizes and pair fractions. Our analysis reveals a clear anticorrelation between the velocity dispersion of the protocluster and its galaxy pair fractions (indicative of merger rates). The velocity dispersion also anticorrelates with the dispersion in size among the member galaxies. These correlations may be explained by protoclusters in colder dynamical states maintaining a velocity dispersion and galaxy number density that boosts galaxy mergers, which in turn contributes to the structural expansion and compaction of galaxies. Our findings offer constraints for cosmological models regarding the evolution of galaxy morphology across different stages in the assembly of protoclusters.
Plant response to intermittent heat stress involves modulation of mRNA translation efficiency
Authors: Dannfald Arnaud , Carpentier Marie-Christine , Merret Rémy , Favory Jean-Jacques , Deragon Jean-Marc 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Acquired thermotolerance (also known as priming) is the ability of cells or organisms to survive acute heat stress if preceded by a milder one. In plants, acquired thermotolerance has been studied mainly at the transcriptional level, including recent descriptions of sophisticated regulatory circuits that are essential for this learning capacity. Here, we tested the involvement of polysome-related processes [translation and cotranslational mRNA decay (CTRD)] in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) thermotolerance using two heat stress regimes with and without a priming event. We found that priming is essential to restore the general translational potential of plants shortly after acute heat stress. We observed that mRNAs not involved in heat stress suffered from reduced translation efficiency at high temperatures, whereas heat stress-related mRNAs were translated more efficiently under the same condition. We also showed that the induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway in acute heat stress is favored by a previous priming event and that, in the absence of priming, ER-translated mRNAs become preferential targets of CTRD. Finally, we present evidence that CTRD can specifically regulate more than a thousand genes during heat stress and should be considered as an independent gene regulatory mechanism.
Vector space ramsey numbers and weakly Sidorenko affine configurations
Authors: Frederickson Bryce , Yepremyan Liana 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
For $B \subseteq \mathbb F_q^m$, the nth affine extremal number of B is the maximum cardinality of a set $A \subseteq \mathbb F_q^n$ with no subset, which is affinely isomorphic to B. Furstenberg and Katznelson proved that for any $B \subseteq \mathbb F_q^m$, the nth affine extremal number of B is $o(q^n)$ as $n \to \infty$. By counting affine homomorphisms between subsets of $\mathbb F_q^n$, we derive new bounds and give new proofs of some previously known bounds for certain affine extremal numbers. At the same time, we establish corresponding supersaturation results. We connect these bounds to certain Ramsey-type numbers in vector spaces over finite fields. For $s,t \geq 1$, let $R_q(s,t)$ denote the minimum n such that in every red–blue coloring of the one-dimensional subspaces of $\mathbb F_q^n$, there is either a red s-dimensional subspace or a blue t-dimensional subspace of $\mathbb F_q^n$. The existence of these numbers is a special case of a well-known theorem of Graham, Leeb and Rothschild. We improve the best-known upper bounds on $R_2(2,t)$, $R_3(2,t)$, $R_2(t,t)$ and $R_3(t,t)$.
Graded Hecke algebras and equivariant constructible sheaves on the nilpotent cone
Authors: Solleveld Maarten 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Graded Hecke algebras can be constructed geometrically, with constructible sheaves and equivariant cohomology. The input consists of a complex reductive group G (possibly disconnected) and a cuspidal local system on a nilpotent orbit for a Levi subgroup of G. We prove that every such “geometric” graded Hecke algebra is naturally isomorphic to the endomorphism algebra of a certain $G \times \mathbb{C}^\times$-equivariant semisimple complex of sheaves on the nilpotent cone $\mathfrak g_N$ in the Lie algebra of G.
From there we provide an algebraic description of the $G \times \mathbb{C}^\times$-equivariant bounded derived category of constructible sheaves on $\mathfrak g_N$. Namely, it is equivalent with the bounded derived category of finitely generated differential graded modules of a suitable direct sum of graded Hecke algebras. This can be regarded as a categorification of graded Hecke algebras.
This paper prepares for a study of representations of reductive p-adic groups with a fixed infinitesimal central character. In sequel papers [34, 35], that will lead to proofs of the generalized injectivity conjecture and of the Kazhdan–Lusztig conjecture for p-adic groups.
MRAnnotator: multi-anatomy and many-sequence MRI segmentation of 44 structures
Authors: Zhou Alexander , Liu Zelong , Tieu Andrew , Patel Nikhil , Sun Sean , Yang Anthony , Choi Peter , Lee Hao-Chih , Tordjman Mickael , Deyer Louisa , Mei Yunhao , Fauveau Valentin , Soultanidis Georgios , Taouli Bachir , Huang Mingqian , Doshi Amish , Fayad Zahi A , Deyer Timothy , Mei Xueyan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To develop a deep learning model for multi-anatomy segmentation of diverse anatomic structures on MRI.

Materials and Methods
In this retrospective study, 44 structures were annotated using a model-assisted workflow with manual human finalization in 2 curated datasets: an internal dataset of 1518 MRI sequences (843 patients) from various clinical sites within a health system, and an external dataset of 397 MRI sequences (263 patients) from an independent imaging center for benchmarking. The internal dataset was used to train an nnU-Net model (MRAnnotator), while the external dataset evaluated MRAnnotator’s generalizability across significant image acquisition distribution shifts. MRAnnotator was further benchmarked against an nnU-Net model trained on the AMOS dataset and 2 current multi-anatomy MRI segmentation models, TotalSegmentator MRI (TSM) and MRSegmentator (MRS). Performance throughout was quantified using the Dice score.

Results
MRAnnotator achieved an overall average Dice score of 0.878 (95% CI: 0.873, 0.884) on the internal dataset test set and 0.875 (95% CI: 0.869, 0.880) on the external dataset benchmark, demonstrating strong generalization (P = .899). On the AMOS test set, MRAnnotator achieved comparable performance for relevant classes (0.889 [0.866, 0.909]) to an AMOS-trained nnU-Net (0.895 [0.871, 0.915]) (P = .361) and outperformed TSM (0.822 [0.800, 0.842], P &lt; .001) and MRS (0.867 [0.844, 0.887], P &lt; .001). TSM and MRS were also evaluated on the relevant classes from the internal and external datasets and were unable to achieve comparable performance to MRAnnotator.

Conclusion
MRAnnotator achieves robust and generalizable MRI segmentation across 44 anatomic structures. Future direction will incorporate additional anatomic structures into the datasets and model. Model weights are publicly available on GitHub. The external test set with annotations is available upon request.
Insights into the 2023 ACR/EULAR antiphospholipid syndrome classification criteria: findings from a cohort of 205 patients with primary APS
Authors: Zen Margherita , Tonello Marta , Carta Francesco , Calligaro Antonia , Favaro Maria , Del Ross Teresa , Hulej Greta , Rahmé Zahrà , Ruffatti Amelia , Doria Andrea 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The 2023 American College of Rheumatology / European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (ACR/EULAR) antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) classification criteria distinguish between anticardiolipin (aCL) or anti-β2-glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI) IgG vs IgM isotypes, having isolate IgM positivity a low weight, insufficient for APS classification, and define aCL and aβ2GPI thresholds based on fixed cut-off values. We aimed to assess the performance of the 2023 ACR/EULAR criteria in a cohort of primary vascular APS patients (PAPS), previously classified according to the Sydney criteria. Additionally, we evaluated the risk of thrombotic recurrence in patients re-classified or not according to the new criteria.

Methods
PAPS patients meeting the Sydney criteria with previous vascular manifestations followed between 1992 and 2023 were re-evaluated to identify cases that would not be classified as PAPS based on the 2023 ACR/EULAR criteria.

Results
Our cohort included 205 PAPS patients: 171 met the ACR/EULAR classification criteria, 34 (16.6%) did not due to insufficient score in the laboratory domain caused by isolate IgM positivity (23 patients) or aPL positivity at a titer &gt;99th percentile but &lt;40 units (11 patients). Notably, 9/34 (26%) patients not confirmed as PAPS had a thrombotic relapse during follow-up. The rate of thrombotic recurrence was similar between patients who fulfilled or not the new criteria.

Conclusion
Among PAPS patients classified by Sydney criteria, 16.6% did not meet 2023 ACR/EULAR criteria. One quarter of them had a thrombotic relapse, confirming a pro-thrombotic profile. Inappropriately using these criteria as diagnostic in clinical practice could result in the lack of adequate antithrombotic therapy, exposing these patients to the risk of a new thrombotic event.
Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates ferroptosis in lung epithelial cells induced by cigarette smoke extract through miR-3,619-5p/GPX4 axis
Authors: Xu Anhui , Xu Yanmei , Chen Hongbo , Xiang Linhua , Zhao Xiao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), a therapeutic drug, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that protect cells from harmful substances. Although GBE has been extensively studied in the prevention and treatment of lung diseases, its mechanism of action in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unclear. In the present study, cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and cigarette smoke (CS) were used to induce COPD in cell and animal models. The expression of related genes and proteins was detected, and cell damage and lung tissue damage were evaluated via CCK-8 assays, flow cytometry analyses, ELISA, and HE staining. In HBE cells, the expression of miR-3,619-5p was upregulated after CSE induction. However, GBE treatment alleviated the impact of CSE on HBE cell damage and alleviated COPD in vivo. In addition, GBE treatment increased the expression of GPX4 by inhibiting the expression of miR-3,619-5p, and it reduced the release of the IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α inflammatory factors. Moreover, GBE treatment decreased the production of ROS and MDA, as well as decreased the expression of the ferroptosis-related protein ACSL4, and it promoted the production of GSH and the expression of FTH1. Further, GBE treatment improved cell viability, inhibited ferroptosis, and ultimately alleviated COPD. The present findings suggest that GBE alleviates the progression of COPD through the inhibitory effect of the miR-3,619-5p/GPX4 axis on the ferroptosis process and that GBE may be an effective treatment option for COPD.