bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migrating Transverse Escarpments in Strike Valleys on the Colorado Plateau
Authors: Sheehan C. E. , Ward D. J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractErosion in strike valleys separating parallel cuesta escarpments controls the evolution of staircase‐like landscapes developed in layered rocks. We explore an important erosional process in strike valleys developed in the Mancos Formation of central Utah, USA. These shale‐floored valleys are segmented by transverse (strike‐perpendicular) scarps, which we call migrating transverse escarpments (MTEs). The MTEs separate axial stream networks that join larger transverse rivers from gullies that drain across adjacent sandstone layers. The MTEs mark a state of transience within the strike valleys as the axial stream networks expand along strike and adjust the gullies to a new base level at the transverse rivers. Here, we describe MTE morphology, consider the geomorphic processes that control their evolution, discuss their impacts on regional landscape evolution using field relationships, and explore how variable geologic parameters may affect their behavior using numerical simulations. Our simulation results suggest that fluvial pour points through the adjacent hard layers serve as internal base levels that modulate MTE evolution. Once a stable axial stream network forms, new MTEs cannot form until the channel network reroutes through the hard layers. This likely occurs over glacial‐interglacial timescales as debris deposition reroutes channel networks and variable hydrologic conditions accelerate transverse river incision. However, our results also suggest that MTEs can form autogenically as downdip strike valley retreat causes the lower hard layer to migrate underneath the axial stream. Our findings highlight the influence of lithologically controlled base levels on landscape evolution, particularly in regions of variable layered rocks.
Enhanced 1.54-μm photo- and electroluminescence based on a perfluorinated Er(III) complex utilizing an iridium(III) complex as a sensitizer
Authors: Li Hong-Fei , Liu Xiao-Qi , Lyu Chen , Gorbaciova Jelena , Wen Li-Li , Shan Guo-Gang , Wyatt Peter. B. , Ye Huan-Qing , Gillin William P. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractAdvanced 1.5-µm emitting materials that can be used to fabricate electrically driven light-emitting devices have the potential for developing cost-effective light sources for integrated silicon photonics. Sensitized erbium (Er3+) in organic materials can give bright 1.5-µm luminescence and provide a route for realizing 1.5-µm organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the Er3+ electroluminescence (EL) intensity needs to be further improved for device applications. Herein, an efficient 1.5-µm OLED made from a sensitized organic Er3+ co-doped system is realized, where a “traditional” organic phosphorescent molecule with minimal triplet–triplet annihilation is used as a chromophore sensitizer. The chromophore provides efficient sensitization to a co-doped organic Er3+ complex with a perfluorinated-ligand shell. The large volume can protect the Er3+ 1.5-µm luminescence from vibrational quenching. The average lifetime of the sensitized Er3+ 1.5-µm luminescence reaches ~0.86 ms, with a lifetime component of 2.65 ms, which is by far the longest Er3+ lifetime in a hydrogen-abundant organic environment and can even compete with that obtained in the fully fluorinated organic Er3+ system. The optimal sensitization enhances the Er3+ luminescence by a factor of 1600 even with a high concentration of the phosphorescent molecule, and bright 1.5-µm OLEDs are obtained.
Novel CB1 receptor antagonist BAR-1 modifies pancreatic islet function and clinical parameters in prediabetic and diabetic mice
Authors: Nava-Molina Lesly , Uchida-Fuentes Toyokazu , Ramos-Tovar Héctor , Fregoso-Padilla Martha , Rodríguez-Monroy Marco Aurelio , Vega Ana V. , Navarrete-Vázquez Gabriel , Andrade-Jorge Erik , Villalobos-Molina Rafael , Ortiz-Ortega Ricardo , Vilches-Flores Alonso 
Published: March 2020

AbstractBackgroudsCannabinoid receptor antagonists have been suggested as a novel treatment for obesity and diabetes. We have developed a synthetic cannabinoid receptor antagonist denominated BAR-1. As the function and integrity of a β-cell cellular structure are important keys for diabetes onset, we evaluated the effects of pharmacological administration of BAR-1 on prediabetic and diabetic rodents.MethodsCD-1 mice fed a hypercaloric diet or treated with streptozotocin were treated with 10 mg/kg BAR-1 for 2, 4 or 8 weeks. Body weight, oral glucose tolerance test, HbA1c, triglycerides and insulin in serum were measured. In isolated islets, we evaluated stimulated secretion and mRNA expression, and relative area of islets in fixed pancreases. Docking analysis of BAR-1 was complemented.ResultsBAR-1 treatment slowed down weight gain in prediabetic mice. Fasting glucose–insulin relation also decreased in BAR-1-treated mice and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was increased in isolated islets, without effects in oral test. Diabetic mice treated with BAR-1 showed a reduced glucose and a partial recovery of islet integrity. Gene expression of insulin and glucagon showed biphasic behaviour, increasing after 4 weeks of BAR-1 administration; however, after 8 weeks, mRNA abundance decreased significantly. Administration of BAR-1 also prevents changes in endocannabinoid element expression observed in prediabetic mice. No changes were detected in other parameters studied, including the histological structure. A preliminary in-silico study suggests a close interaction with CB1 receptor.ConclusionsBAR-1 induces improvement of islet function, isolated from both prediabetic and diabetic mice. Effects of BAR-1 suggest a possible interaction with other cannabinoid receptors.
Egalitarian mixed-species bird groups enhance winter survival of subordinate group members but only in high-quality forests
Authors: Krams Indrikis A. , Luoto Severi , Krama Tatjana , Krams Ronalds , Sieving Kathryn , Trakimas Giedrius , Elferts Didzis , Rantala Markus J. , Goodale Eben 
Published: March 2020

AbstractOnly dominant individuals have unrestricted access to contested resources in group-living animals. In birds, subordinates with restricted access to resources may respond to intragroup contests by acquiring extra body reserves to avoid periods of food shortage. In turn, higher body mass reduces agility and increases predation and mortality risk to subordinates. Birds often live in hierarchically organized mixed-species groups, in which heterospecific individuals are considered to substitute for conspecifics as protection against predators at a significantly reduced competition cost. Crested tits (Lophophanes cristatus) and willow tits (Poecile montanus) form mixed-species groups during the non-reproductive season that typically exhibit a nearly linear dominance hierarchy (‘despotic’ social structure) in which the highest ranking male willow tit is fourth in the overall hierarchy after the dominant male, female and subordinate juvenile crested tit, respectively. Much less frequently, ‘egalitarian’ dominance structures occur in which the adult willow tits rank second and the hierarchy is less steep, or linear. We present a rare long-term data set in which egalitarian flocks are common enough to assess the consequences of this simple change in hierarchy structure as well as a potential driver of the pattern. A comparison of individuals in the despotic mixed-species groups revealed a strong negative correlation between subcutaneous fat stores and dominance rank in the interspecific dominance hierarchy, whereas in egalitarian groups, subordinate willow tits had significantly lower fat reserves and they foraged in safer parts of the canopy than willow tits in despotic groups. Moreover, egalitarian groups exhibited markedly less within-group aggression, higher group cohesion and improved winter survival in both tit species. However, winter survival of birds in egalitarian groups was impaired relative to despotic groups in forests recently affected by industrial forestry. This suggests that the more egalitarian bird societies may best be adapted to less-disturbed environments.
Basic Limonoid modulates Chaperone-mediated Proteostasis and dissolve Tau fibrils
Authors: Gorantla Nalini Vijay , Das Rashmi , Chidambaram Hariharakrishnan , Dubey Tushar , Mulani Fayaj A. , Thulasiram Hirekodathakallu V. , Chinnathambi Subashchandrabose 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe Alzheimer’s disease pathology is associated with accumulation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular senile plaques. The formation of initial nucleus triggers conformational changes in Tau and leads to its deposition. Hence, there is a need to eliminate these toxic proteins for proper functioning of neuronal cells. In this aspect, we screened the effect of basic limonoids such as gedunin, epoxyazadiradione, azadirone and azadiradione on inhibiting Tau aggregation as well as disintegration of induced Tau aggregates. It was observed that these basic limonoids effectively prevented aggregates formation by Tau and also exhibited the property of destabilizing matured Tau aggregates. The molecular docking analysis suggests that the basic limonoids interact with hexapeptide regions of aggregated Tau. Although these limonoids caused the conformational changes in Tau to β-sheet structure, the cytological studies indicate that basic limonoids rescued cell death. The dual role of limonoids in Tau aggregation inhibition and disintegration of matured aggregates suggests them to be potent molecules in overcoming Tau pathology. Further, their origin from a medicinally important plant neem, which known to possess remarkable biological activities was also found to play protective role in HEK293T cells. Basic limonoids were non-toxic to HEK293T cells and also aided in activation of HSF1 by inducing its accumulation in nucleus. Western blotting and immunofluorescence studies showed that HSF1 in downstream increased the transcription of Hsp70 thus, aggravating cytosolic Hsp70 levels that can channel clearance of aberrant Tau. All these results mark basic limonoids as potential therapeutic natural products.
Humans Predict Action using Grammar-like Structures
Authors: Wörgötter F. , Ziaeetabar F. , Pfeiffer S. , Kaya O. , Kulvicius T. , Tamosiunaite M. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractEfficient action prediction is of central importance for the fluent workflow between humans and equally so for human-robot interaction. To achieve prediction, actions can be algorithmically encoded by a series of events, where every event corresponds to a change in a (static or dynamic) relation between some of the objects in the scene. These structures are similar to a context-free grammar and, importantly, within this framework the actual objects are irrelevant for prediction, only their relational changes matter. Manipulation actions and others can be uniquely encoded this way. Using a virtual reality setup and testing several different manipulation actions, here we show that humans predict actions in an event-based manner following the sequence of relational changes. Testing this with chained actions, we measure the percentage predictive temporal gain for humans and compare it to action-chains performed by robots showing that the gain is approximately equal. Event-based and, thus, object independent action recognition and prediction may be important for cognitively deducing properties of unknown objects seen in action, helping to address bootstrapping of object knowledge especially in infants.
Structural features of the interaction of MapZ with FtsZ and membranes in Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Hosek Tomas , Bougault Catherine M. , Lavergne Jean-Pierre , Martinez Denis , Ayala Isabel , Fenel Daphna , Restelli Marine , Morlot Cecile , Habenstein Birgit , Grangeasse Christophe , Simorre Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2020

AbstractMapZ localizes at midcell and acts as a molecular beacon for the positioning of the cell division machinery in the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae. MapZ contains a single transmembrane helix that separates the C-terminal extracellular domain from the N-terminal cytoplasmic domain. Only the structure and function of the extracellular domain is known. Here, we demonstrate that large parts of the cytoplasmic domain is intrinsically disordered and that there are two regions (from residues 45 to 68 and 79 to 95) with a tendency to fold into amphipathic helices. We further reveal that these regions interact with the surface of liposomes that mimic the Streptococcus pneumoniae cell membrane. The highly conserved and unfolded N-terminal region (from residues 17 to 43) specifically interacts with FtsZ independently of FtsZ polymerization state. Moreover, we show that MapZ phosphorylation at positions Thr67 and Thr68 does not impact the interaction with FtsZ or liposomes. Altogether, we propose a model in which the MapZ-mediated recruitment of FtsZ to mid-cell is modulated through competition of MapZ binding to the cell membrane. The molecular interplay between the components of this tripartite complex could represent a key step toward the complete assembly of the divisome.
Highly regional population structure of Spondyliosoma cantharus depicted by nuclear and mitochondrial DNA data
Authors: Neves Ana , Vieira Ana Rita , Sequeira Vera , Paiva Rafaela Barros , Gordo Leonel Serrano , Paulo Octávio S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractResolution of population structure represents an effective way to define biological stocks and inform efficient fisheries management. In the present study, the phylogeography of the protogynous sparidSpondyliosoma cantharus, in the East Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, was investigated with nuclear (S7) and mitochondrial (cytochromeb) DNA markers. Significant divergence of four regional genetic groups was observed: North Eastern Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, Western African Transition (Cape Verde) and Gulf of Guinea (Angola). The two southern populations (Cape Verde and Angola) each comprised reciprocally monophyletic mtDNA lineages, revealed low levels of diversity in Cape Verde and high diversity for Angola despite being represented by only 14 individuals. A complete divergence between North Atlantic and Mediterranean populations was depicted by the mitochondrial marker, but a highly shared nuclear haplotype revealed an incomplete lineage sorting between these regions. Bayesian skyline plots and associated statistics revealed different dynamics among the four regions. Cape Verde showed no expansion and the expansion time estimated for Angola was much older than for the other regions. Mediterranean region seems to have experienced an early population growth but has remained with a stable population size for the last 30000 years while the North Atlantic population has been steadily growing. The lack of genetic structuring within these regions should not be taken as evidence of demographic panmixia in light of potential resolution thresholds and previous evidence of intra-regional phenotypic heterogeneity.
Deletion of metal transporter Zip14 (Slc39a14) produces skeletal muscle wasting, endotoxemia, Mef2c activation and induction of miR-675 and Hspb7
Authors: Kim Jinhee , Aydemir Tolunay Beker , Jimenez-Rondan Felix R. , Ruggiero Courtney H. , Kim Min-Hyun , Cousins Robert J. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractSkeletal muscle represents the largest pool of body zinc, however, little is known about muscle zinc homeostasis or muscle-specific zinc functions. Zip14 (Slc39a14) was the most highly expressed zinc transporter in skeletal muscle of mice in response to LPS-induced inflammation. We compared metabolic parameters of skeletal muscle from global Zip14 knockout (KO) and wild-type mice (WT). At basal steady state Zip14 KO mice exhibited a phenotype that included muscle wasting and metabolic endotoxemia. Microarray and qPCR analysis of gastrocnemius muscle RNA revealed that ablation of Zip14 produced increased muscle p-Mef2c, Hspb7 and miR-675-5p expression and increased p38 activation. ChIP assays showed enhanced binding of NF-$$\kappa \beta $$κβ to the Mef2c promoter. In contrast, LPS-induced systemic inflammation enhanced Zip14-dependent zinc uptake by muscle, increased expression of Atrogin1 and MuRF1 and markedly reduced MyoD. These signatures of muscle atrophy and cachexia were not influenced by Zip14 ablation, however. LPS-induced miR-675-3p and -5p expression was Zip14-dependent. Collectively, these results with an integrative model are consistent with a Zip14 function in skeletal muscle at steady state that supports myogenesis through suppression of metabolic endotoxemia and that Zip14 ablation coincides with sustained activity of phosphorylated components of signaling pathways including p-Mef2c, which causes Hspb7-dependent muscle wasting.
Fabrication of calcium phosphate 3D scaffolds for bone repair using magnetic levitational assembly
Authors: Parfenov Vladislav A. , Mironov Vladimir A. , Koudan Elizaveta V. , Nezhurina Elizaveta K. , Karalkin Pavel A. , Pereira Frederico DAS , Petrov Stanislav V. , Krokhmal Alisa A. , Aydemir Timur , Vakhrushev Igor V. , Zobkov Yury V. , Smirnov Igor V. , Fedotov Alexander Yu. , Demirci Utkan , Khesuani Yusef D. , Komlev Vladimir S. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractThe calcium phosphate particles can be used as building blocks for fabrication of 3D scaffolds intended for bone tissue engineering. This work presents for the first time a rapid creation of 3D scaffolds using magnetic levitation of calcium phosphate particles. Namely, tricalcium phosphate particles of equal size and certain porosity are used, which undergo the process of recrystallization after magnetic levitational assembly of the scaffold to ensure stitching of the scaffold. Label-free levitational assembly is achieved by using a custom-designed magnetic system in the presence of gadolinium salts, which allows the levitation of calcium phosphate particles. Chemical transformation of tricalcium- to octacalcium phosphate under the condition of magnetic levitation in non-homogeneous magnetic field is also demonstrated. This approach allows obtaining rapidly the octacalcium phosphate phase in the final 3D product, which is biocompatible.
Prediction of stress and drug craving ninety minutes in the future with passively collected GPS data
Authors: Epstein David H. , Tyburski Matthew , Kowalczyk William J. , Burgess-Hull Albert J. , Phillips Karran A. , Curtis Brenda L. , Preston Kenzie L. 
Published: March 2020

AbstractJust-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs), typically smartphone apps, learn to deliver therapeutic content when users need it. The challenge is to “push” content at algorithmically chosen moments without making users trigger it with effortful input. We trained a randomForest algorithm to predict heroin craving, cocaine craving, or stress (reported via smartphone app 3x/day) 90 min into the future, using 16 weeks of field data from 189 outpatients being treated for opioid-use disorder. We used only one form of continuous input (along with person-level demographic data), collected passively: an indicator of environmental exposures along the past 5 h of movement, as assessed by GPS. Our models achieved excellent overall accuracy—as high as 0.93 by the end of 16 weeks of tailoring—but this was driven mostly by correct predictions of absence. For predictions of presence, “believability” (positive predictive value, PPV) usually peaked in the high 0.70s toward the end of the 16 weeks. When the prediction target was more rare, PPV was lower. Our findings complement those of other investigators who use machine learning with more broadly based “digital phenotyping” inputs to predict or detect mental and behavioral events. When target events are comparatively subtle, like stress or drug craving, accurate detection or prediction probably needs effortful input from users, not passive monitoring alone. We discuss ways in which accuracy is difficult to achieve or even assess, and warn that high overall accuracy (including high specificity) can mask the abundance of false alarms that low PPV reveals.
Direct ring-strain loading for visible-light accelerated bioorthogonal ligation via diarylsydnone-dibenzo[b,f ][1,4,5]thiadiazepine photo-click reactions
Authors: Gao Jingshuo , Xiong Qin , Wu Xueting , Deng Jiajie , Zhang Xiaocui , Zhao Xiaohu , Deng Pengchi , Yu Zhipeng 
Published: March 2020

AbstractUltra-fast and selective covalent-bond forming reactions with spatiotemporal controllability are foundational for developing a bioorthogonal approach with high manipulability. However, it is challenging to exploit a reporter functional group to achieve these requirements simultaneously. Here, 11H-Dibenzo[c,f][1,2]diazepine and a set of heterocyclic analogues are investigated for both their photo-switching natures and their ability to serve as dipolarophiles in photo-click reactions with diarylsydnone. Sulfur-containing dibenzothiadiazepine (DBTD) is discovered to be an excellent chemical reporter in cycloaddition with visible-light excitation for in-situ ring-strain loading via its (Z) → (E) photo-isomerization. The bioorthogonal utility of the DBTD tag in spatiotemporally controlled ligation for protein modifications on live cells is also demonstrated.
NGC 3894: a young radio galaxy seen by Fermi-LAT
Authors: Principe G. , Migliori G. , Johnson T. J. , D’Ammando F. , Giroletti M. , Orienti M. , Stanghellini C. , Taylor G. B. , Torresi E. , Cheung C. C. 
Published: March 2020

Context. According to radiative models, radio galaxies may produce γ-ray emission from the first stages of their evolution. However, very few such galaxies have been detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) so far.
Aims. NGC 3894 is a nearby (z = 0.0108) object that belongs to the class of compact symmetric objects (CSOs, i.e., the most compact and youngest radio galaxies), which is associated with a γ-ray counterpart in the Fourth Fermi-LAT source catalog. Here we present a study of the source in the γ-ray and radio bands aimed at investigating its high-energy emission and assess its young nature.
Methods. We analyzed 10.8 years of Fermi-LAT data between 100 MeV and 300 GeV and determined the spectral and variability characteristics of the source. Multi-epoch very long baseline array (VLBA) observations between 5 and 15 GHz over a period of 35years were used to study the radio morphology of NGC 3894 and its evolution.
Results. NGC 3894 is detected in γ-rays with a significance >9σ over the full period, and no significant variability has been observed in the γ-ray flux on a yearly time-scale. The spectrum is modeled with a flat power law (Γ = 2.0 ± 0.1) and a flux on the order of 2.2 × 10−9 ph cm−2 s−1. For the first time, the VLBA data allow us to constrain with high precision the apparent velocity of the jet and counter-jet side to be βapp, NW = 0.132 ± 0.004 and βapp, SE = 0.065 ± 0.003, respectively.
Conclusions. Fermi-LAT and VLBA results favor the youth scenario for the inner structure of this object, with an estimated dynamical age of 59 ± 5 years. The estimated range of viewing angle (10° < θ <  21°) does not exclude a possible jet-like origin of the γ-ray emission.
Neurophysiologen im Nationalsozialismus – Hans Berger, Paul
Hoffmann, Richard Jung und Alois E. Kornmüller
Authors: Baumann Timo , Sparing Frank , Martin Michael , Fangerau Heiner 
Published: March 2020

ZusammenfassungDies ist der zweite Teil der Studie „Beziehungen ausgewählter
Neurophysiologen zum Nationalsozialismus“. Hier werden die vier
wichtigen Neurophysiologen Hans Berger, Paul Hoffmann, Richard Jung und
Alois E. Kornmüller sowie ihr Wirken in der Zeit des
Nationalsozialismus näher vorgestellt.