bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who knew? The misleading specificity of “double-blind” and what to do about it
Authors: Lang Thomas A. , Stroup Donna F. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
In randomized trials, the term “double-blind” (and its derivatives, single- and triple-blind, fully blind, and partially blind or masked) has no standard or widely accepted definition. Agreement about which groups are blinded is poor, and authors using these terms often do not identify which groups were blinded, despite specific reporting guidelines to the contrary. Nevertheless, many readers assume—incorrectly—that they know which groups are blinded. Thus, the term is ambiguous at best, misleading at worst, and, in either case, interferes with the accurate reporting, interpretation, and evaluation of randomized trials. The problems with the terms have been thoroughly documented in the literature, and many authors have recommended that they be abandoned.

Proposal
We and our co-signers suggest eliminating the use of adjectives that modify “blinding” in randomized trials; a trial would be described as either blinded or unblinded. We also propose that authors report in a standard table which groups or individuals were blinded, what they were blinded to, how blinding was implemented, and whether blinding was maintained. Individuals with dual responsibilities, such as caregiving and data collecting, would also be identified. If blinding was compromised, authors should describe the potential implications of the loss of blinding on interpreting the results.

Conclusion
“Double blind” and its derivatives are terms with little to recommend their continued use. Eliminating the use of adjectives that impart a false specificity to the term would reduce misinterpretations, and recommending that authors report who was blinded to what and how in a standard table would require them to be specific about which groups and individuals were blinded.
The effect of regular aerobic exercise on sleep quality and fatigue among female student dormitory residents
Authors: Ezati Maryam , Keshavarz Maryam , Barandouzi Zahra Amirkhanzadeh , Montazeri Ali 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundEmerging research shows a high prevalence of fatigue and sleep problems among university students. The present study evaluates the effects of regular aerobic exercise on sleep quality and fatigue level among female students (ages 18–26) who reside in dormitories.MethodsThis quasi-experimental study involving 67 participants consisted of one experimental group (i.e., assigned aerobic exercise) and one control group (i.e., not assigned aerobic exercise). Participants in the experimental group received three one-hour sessions aerobic exercise weekly ranging from mild to moderate intensity for eight-week. Sleep quality and fatigue level were evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and standard Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), respectively. These variables were assessed at baseline, week four, and week eight of the study.ResultsAfter four and 8 weeks of the intervention, participants in the aerobic group showed improvement in the score of sleep quality (p < 0.001 andp < 0.0001, respectively) and its components (except for sleep duration after 4 weeks intervention). Also, aerobic exercise resulted in a significant reduction of the total score of fatigue and its dimensions in weeks four and eight, compared to the control group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsFour-week aerobic exercise with mild intensity had no significant effect on sleep duration. Conversely, intensified aerobic exercise for 8 weeks influenced all components of sleep quality.Trial registrationThe study was registered on 6/2/2015 in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with numberIRCT201412282324N15.
Association of glial and neuronal degeneration markers with Alzheimer’s disease cerebrospinal fluid profile and cognitive functions
Authors: Teitsdottir Unnur D. , Jonsdottir Maria K. , Lund Sigrun H. , Darreh-Shori Taher , Snaedal Jon , Petersen Petur H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Neuroinflammation has gained increasing attention as a potential contributing factor in the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The objective of this study was to examine the association of selected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory and neuronal degeneration markers with signature CSF AD profile and cognitive functions among subjects at the symptomatic pre- and early dementia stages.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 52 subjects were selected from an Icelandic memory clinic cohort. Subjects were classified as having AD (n = 28, age = 70, 39% female, Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] = 27) or non-AD (n = 24, age = 67, 33% female, MMSE = 28) profile based on the ratio between CSF total-tau (T-tau) and amyloid-β1–42 (Aβ42) values (cut-off point chosen as 0.52). Novel CSF biomarkers included neurofilament light (NFL), YKL-40, S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Subjects underwent neuropsychological assessment for evaluation of different cognitive domains, including verbal episodic memory, non-verbal episodic memory, language, processing speed, and executive functions.

Results
Accuracy coefficient for distinguishing between the two CSF profiles was calculated for each CSF marker and test. Novel CSF markers performed poorly (area under curve [AUC] coefficients ranging from 0.61 to 0.64) compared to tests reflecting verbal episodic memory, which all performed fair (AUC > 70). LASSO regression with a stability approach was applied for the selection of CSF markers and demographic variables predicting performance on each cognitive domain, both among all subjects and only those with a CSF AD profile. Relationships between CSF markers and cognitive domains, where the CSF marker reached stability selection criteria of > 75%, were visualized with scatter plots. Before calculations of corresponding Pearson’s correlations coefficients, composite scores for cognitive domains were adjusted for age and education. GFAP correlated with executive functions (r = − 0.37, p = 0.01) overall, while GFAP correlated with processing speed (r = − 0.68, p < 0.001) and NFL with verbal episodic memory (r = − 0.43, p = 0.02) among subjects with a CSF AD profile.

Conclusions
The novel CSF markers NFL and GFAP show potential as markers for cognitive decline among individuals with core AD pathology at the symptomatic pre- and early stages of dementia.
Multimodality approach to the nipple-areolar complex: a pictorial review and diagnostic algorithm
Authors: del Riego Javier , Pitarch Mireia , Codina Clara , Nebot Laura , Andreu Francisco J. , Aparicio Oscar , Medina Alexandra , Martín Amaya 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe anatomic and histologic characteristics of the nipple-areolar complex make this breast region special. The nipple-areolar complex can be affected by abnormal development and a wide spectrum of pathological conditions, many of which have unspecific clinical and radiological presentations that can present a challenge for radiologists. The nipple-areolar complex requires a specific imaging workup in which a multimodal approach is essential. Radiologists need to know the different imaging modalities used to study the nipple-areolar complex, as well as their advantages and limitations. It is essential to get acquainted with the acquisition technique for each modality and the spectrum of findings for the different conditions. This review describes and illustrates a combined clinical and radiological approach to evaluate the nipple-areolar complex, emphasizing the findings for the normal morphology, developmental abnormalities, and the most common benign and malignant diseases that can affect this region. We also present a diagnostic algorithm that enables a rapid, practical approach to diagnosing condition involving the nipple-areolar complex.
Ciliary body suturing using intraocular irrigation for traumatic cyclodialysis: two case reports
Authors: Nagashima Taishi , Kohmoto Ryohsuke , Fukumoto Masanori , Oosuka Shou , Sato Takaki , Kobayashi Takatoshi , Kida Teruyo , Ikeda Tsunehiko 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
We report two cases (two eyes) of traumatic cyclodialysis with prolonged decrease of intraocular pressure that were successfully treated with surgery by ciliary body suturing using intraocular irrigation.

Case presentation
This study involved a 17-year-old Japanese boy (patient 1) and a 31-year-old Japanese man (patient 2) in whom cyclodialysis was sustained in one eye after blunt-force ocular trauma from a thrown ball. Because the hypotony maculopathy in both patients did not resolve after conservative treatment, ciliary body suturing was performed. Briefly, a 25-gauge trocar intraocular irrigation needle for vitrectomy was inserted into the vitreous cavity of the injured eye. A lamellar scleral flap was then made, and an incision was created on the sclera while maintaining intraocular pressure. Next, the detached ciliary body was sutured to the sclera under direct vision. The intraocular fluid at the site of cyclodialysis was then rapidly drained from the scleral wound because of elevated intraocular pressure in the vitreous cavity, and the ciliary body was visually recognized through the scleral wound under direct vision, thus allowing a stable suture fixation of the ciliary body to the sclera. Postoperatively, the treated eye in both cases showed improvement of intraocular pressure and visual function.

Conclusions
The surgical method described in this report was found to be effective for draining intraocular fluid at the site of cyclodialysis and for performing a stable suture fixation of the ciliary body to the sclera through the scleral wound under direct vision, and it should be considered advantageous for avoiding intraoperative bleeding and suturing in a blinded manner.
A comprehensive DNA panel next generation sequencing approach supporting diagnostics and therapy prediction in neurooncology
Authors: Lorenz Julia , Rothhammer-Hampl Tanja , Zoubaa Saida , Bumes Elisabeth , Pukrop Tobias , Kölbl Oliver , Corbacioglu Selim , Schmidt Nils O. , Proescholdt Martin , Hau Peter , Riemenschneider Markus J. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRecent updates in the classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors have increased the need for molecular testing. Assessment of multiple alterations in parallel, complex combinations of gene sequence and chromosomal changes, as well as therapy prediction by identification of actionable mutations are the major challenges. We here report on a customized next generation sequencing (NGS)-based DNA panel assay that combines diagnostic and predictive testing and -as a comprehensive approach- allows for simultaneous single nucleotide variant (SNP) / small insertion/deletion (InDel), copy number variation (CNV) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) detection. We analyzed formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) DNA from a total of 104 patients with CNS tumors. After amplicon capture-based library preparation, sequencing was performed on the relatively cost-efficient Illiumina MiniSeq platform and evaluated with freely available bioinformatical tools. 57 genes for exonic SNP/InDel calling (19 of those in intronic regions for CNV analysis), 3 chromosomal arms and 4 entire chromosomes for CNV and LOH analysis were covered. Results were extensively validated. Our approach yielded high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. It led to refined diagnoses in a relevant number of analyzed cases, reliably enabled complex subclassifications (e.g. for medulloblastomas) and identified actionable targets for clinical use. Thus, our single-platform approach is an efficient and powerful tool to comprehensively support molecular testing in neurooncology. Future functionality is guaranteed as novel upcoming biomarkers can be easily incorporated in a modular panel design.
A realistic phantom of the human head for PET-MRI
Authors: Harries Johanna , Jochimsen Thies H. , Scholz Thomas , Schlender Tina , Barthel Henryk , Sabri Osama , Sattler Bernhard 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
The combination of positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (PET-MRI) is a unique hybrid imaging modality mainly used in oncology and neurology. The MRI-based attenuation correction (MRAC) is crucial for correct quantification of PET data. A suitable phantom to validate quantitative results in PET-MRI is currently missing. In particular, the correction of attenuation due to bone is usually not verified by commonly available phantoms. The aim of this work was, thus, the development of such a phantom and to explore whether such a phantom might be used to validate MRACs.

Method
Various materials were investigated for their attenuation and MR properties. For the substitution of bone, water-saturated gypsum plaster was used. The attenuation of 511 keV annihilation photons was regulated by addition of iodine. Adipose tissue was imitated by silicone and brain tissue by agarose gel, respectively. The practicability with respect to the comparison of MRACs was checked as follows: A small flask inserted into the phantom and a large spherical phantom (serving as a reference with negligible error in MRAC) were filled with the very same activity concentration. The activity concentration was measured and compared using clinical protocols on PET-MRI and different built-in and offline MRACs. The same measurements were carried out using PET-CT for comparison.

Results
The phantom imitates the human head in sufficient detail. All tissue types including bone were detected as such so that the phantom-based comparison of the quantification accuracy of PET-MRI was possible. Quantitatively, the activity concentration in the brain, which was determined using different MRACs, showed a deviation of about 5% on average and a maximum deviation of 11% compared to the spherical phantom. For PET-CT, the deviation was 5%.

Conclusions
The comparatively small error in quantification indicates that it is possible to construct a brain PET-MRI phantom that leads to MR-based attenuation-corrected images with reasonable accuracy.
β-Catenin: oncogenic role and therapeutic target in cervical cancer
Authors: Wang Bingqi , Li Xianping , Liu Lei , Wang Min 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCervical cancer is a common and fatal malignancy of the female reproductive system. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary causal agent for cervical cancer, but HPV infection alone is insufficient to cause the disease. Actually, most HPV infections are sub-clinical and cleared spontaneously by the host immune system; very few persist and eventually develop into cervical cancer. Therefore, other host or environmental alterations could also contribute to the malignant phenotype. One of the candidate co-factors is the β-catenin protein, a pivotal component of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. β-Catenin mainly implicates two major cellular activities: cell–cell adhesion and signal transduction. Recent studies have indicated that an imbalance in the structural and signaling properties of β-catenin leads to various cancers, such as cervical cancer. In this review, we will systematically summarize the role of β-catenin in cervical cancer and provide new insights into therapeutic strategies.
Clinical feasibility and benefits of a tapered, sand-blasted, and acid-etched surfaced tissue-level dental implant
Authors: Sodnom-Ish Buyanbileg , Eo Mi Young , Nguyen Truc Thi Hoang , Kim Myung-Joo , Kim Soung Min 
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Background
It has been 50 years since Brånemark first introduced the concept of osseointegration. Since then, numerous ongoing research, developments, and optimization of implant properties have been conducted. Despite the high survival and success rates of dental implants, failures still occur in a small number of patients that are being rehabilitated by implants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival and success rate of the Stella® implants that incorporate sand-blasted and acid-etched (S&E) surface treatment and tapered body design to confirm their clinical feasibility and benefits after placement.

Methods
We reviewed 61 partially and fully edentulous patients who underwent a tapered, S&E surfaced tissue-level implant placement between May 2013 and February 2016 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in the Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Patient characteristics and treatment results were collected, and records of dental implants were analyzed clinically and radiologically.

Results
A total of 105 implant fixtures were placed in these patients. The mean age at the time of the surgery was 63.7 years with a range of 31 to 88 years. In total, 4.0-mm and 4.5-mm diameter implants were the most frequently used dental implants (40%, 49%) in this study. Implants 8.5 mm in length were predominantly used (60%). Seventy dental implants were placed in the mandible (70%), and only one dental implant was placed in the maxillary anterior region. At the end of the 5-year observation period, the success rate of the Stella® implants was 98.1%. Among the 105 implants placed, 2 were considered to be failures. Summarizing the clinical and radiographic results, the remaining 103 implants were considered successfully integrated.

Conclusion
The overall success rate was 98.1%. The tapered, S&E surfaced tissue-level implant system exhibited great performance in a variety of clinical situations including failed implant sites that enabled predictable and successful treatment outcomes. The effectives of a tapered design of tissue level, not a parallel design, are shown in this clinical report.
Patients’ experiences of Parkinson’s disease: a qualitative study in glucocerebrosidase and idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Bonner N. , Bozzi S. , Morgan L. , Mason B. , Peterschmitt M. J. , Fischer T. Z. , Arbuckle R. , Reaney M. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Approximately 7–10% of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients carry a GBA (Glucocerebrosidase) mutation (GBA-PD patients), which may influence the disease’s clinical course.

Objectives
This study aimed to explore the patient experience of GBA-PD and identify the most important symptoms and impacts to inform clinical trial measurement strategies.

Methods
Twenty PD patients (n = 15 GBA-PD; n = 5 idiopathic-PD) participated in qualitative interviews which explored concepts spontaneously reported or identified through a literature review. Telephone interviews with five expert clinicians included discussion of a preliminary conceptual model derived from literature. Verbatim transcripts were thematically analysed.

Results
Thirty symptoms reported by patients were categorized as motor, non-motor, and cognitive/psychiatric. Tremor (n = 13), memory loss (n = 13), rigidity/stiffness (n = 11), and speech problems (n = 11) were considered the most important and impactful symptoms by GBA-PD patients, although other symptoms were also relevant to the majority of patients. Key impacts included: sleep disturbances (n = 13), handwriting changes (n = 13), reduced social interaction (n = 12), dyskinesia (n = 10), depressed mood (n = 9), and fear of falling (n = 8). Key symptoms and impacts reported by GBA-PD patients were consistent with those reported by idiopathic-PD patients. Clinician interview results supported the patient findings, although some clinicians indicated that cognitive/psychiatric symptoms may present earlier in GBA-PD patients. The concepts emerging from the research informed updates to a conceptual model of GBA-PD patients’ disease experience.

Conclusions
The findings provide in-depth understanding of the patient experience of GBA-PD. The findings confirm that the concepts relevant to assess in GBA-PD are consistent with those relevant to assess in idiopathic-PD; however, greater consideration of cognitive/psychiatric symptoms may be warranted in GBA-PD populations.
Use of rituximab in idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis
Authors: Boyeva Veronika , Alabsi Hatim , Seidman Michael A. , Paterson Ryan , Kur Jason , Chen Luke Y. C. , Chang Silvia D. , Carruthers Mollie 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Background
Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is characterized by the proliferation of fibrous tissue in the retroperitoneum. The majority of RPF cases are due to idiopathic or IgG4-related disease. Recent studies on IgG4-related disease have shown rituximab to be an effective treatment. The current first-line treatment for idiopathic RPF (iRPF) is glucocorticoid therapy. Relapse rates vary widely in the literature, and DMARDs remain poorly studied. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of rituximab in idiopathic RPF by quantifying changes in iRPF diameter on imaging pre- and post-rituximab therapy and response by lab parameters in 10 iRPF patients.

Methods
We selected 10 patients diagnosed with iRPF and previously treated with rituximab (1000 mg) in two doses approximately 2 weeks apart. Pre- and post-therapy contrast enhanced cross-sectional abdomen and pelvis imaging were compared. In all patients, the thickest portion of the peri-aortic disease was measured in the axial and coronal planes. The presence of acute or long standing back pressure related renal findings were documented. Details of clinical visits including patient demographics and laboratory evaluations were collected pre- and post-therapy. Statistical analysis was performed using a Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results
The RPF diameter around the aorta before and after therapy decreased from a mean of 15.9 ± 4.9 mm to 10.6 ± 6.1 mm, respectively (p < 0.01). The craniocaudal iRPF mean length decreased from 108.6 mm ± 40.4 mm to 90.6 mm ± 45.9 mm (p = 0.02).

Conclusion
A comparison of pre and post-rituximab imaging studies revealed a statistically significant decrease in iRPF diameter following treatment with rituximab.
Assessment of job satisfaction, work-related strain, and perceived stress in nurses working in different departments in the same hospital: a survey study
Authors: Erdoğan Cem , Doğan Sibel , Çakmak Rumeysa , Kizilaslan Deniz , Hizarci Burcu , Karaaslan Pelin , Öz Hüseyin 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate whether working at ICU, inpatient services, or the operating room creates differences in job satisfaction (JS), work-related strain (WRS), and perceived stress (PS) of nurses.Research methodologyThe study data were collected through face-to-face interviews. The data collection tools utilized in the study included a questionnaire form consisting of 19 questions.Work-Related Strain Inventory (WRSI), Short-Form Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (SF-MSQ), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) were used.ResultsAcross all groups, the mean scores of SF-MSQ were statistically significantly the lowest in the groups of nurses, who were not economically satisfied with their salaries at all, who reported that they did not do their dream jobs and that they were not fond of their jobs.The mean scores of WRSI were statistically significantly the lowest across all groups in the groups of nurses.The mean PSS scores were statistically significantly the lowest across all compared groups in the groups of nurses, who commute to work by their private cars.ConclusionHospital management and nursing services should address the overtime working conditions of nurses and provide satisfactory wage improvements.