bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convective Boundary Layer Control of the Sea Surface Temperature in the Tropics
Authors: Hourdin Frédéric , Rio Catherine , Jam Arnaud , Traore Abdoul‐Khadre , Musat Ionela 
Published: April 2020

AbstractUsing successive versions of a global climate model, we show how convective transport to the free troposphere of the humidity evaporated at the surface or, reciprocally, entrainment of dry air from the free troposphere into the mixed layer, controls surface evaporative cooling and then sea surface temperature. This control is as important as the radiative effect of boundary layer clouds on radiation. Those aspects are shown to be improved when activating a mass flux representation of the organized structures of the convective boundary layer coupled to eddy diffusion, the so‐called “thermal plume model,” leading to an increased near‐surface drying compared to the use of turbulent diffusion alone. Controlling detrainment by air properties from just above the boundary layer allows the thermal plume model to be valid for both cumulus and stratocumulus regimes, improving the contrast in near‐surface humidity between the trade winds region and East Tropical oceans. Using pairs of stand‐alone atmospheric simulations forced by sea surface temperature and of coupled atmosphere‐ocean simulations, we show how the improvement of the surface fluxes that arise from this improved physics projects into an improvement of the representation of sea surface temperature patterns in the coupled model, and in particular into a reduction of the East Tropical Ocean warm bias. The work presented here led to the bias reduction in sea surface temperature in the Institute Pierre Simon Laplace coupled model, IPSL‐CM6A, developed recently for the 6th phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, CMIP6.
Integrative analysis of lithium treatment associated effects on brain structure and peripheral gene expression reveals novel molecular insights into mechanism of action
Authors: Anand Amit , Nakamura Kunio , Spielberg Jeffrey M. , Cha Jungwon , Karne Harish , Hu Bo 
Published: April 2020

AbstractLithium is a highly effective medication for bipolar disorder, but its mechanism of action remains unknown. In this study, brain MRI scans and blood samples for gene expression (total of 110 scans and 109 blood samples) were collected from 21 bipolar subjects before and after 2 and 8 weeks of lithium monotherapy and at the same time-points from untreated 16 healthy controls. We used linear mixed-effects models to identify brain structural features and genes with expression changed after lithium treatment, with correction for multiple testing, and correlated their concurrent changes to identify molecular pathways associated with lithium effects. There are significant increases in gray matter fraction, global cortical thickness, and the frontal and parietal cortices after 8 weeks of lithium treatment (correctedp < 0.05). Volume increases were also seen for putamen, hippocampus, thalamic nuclei, and thalamic substructures. Several genes showed significant expression changes, and 14 gene pathways were identified for the present integration analysis. Of these, nine pathways had significant correlations with structural changes (FDR < 0.05). Three neurotrophy-related pathways (GDNF family of ligands, NFAT immune-response, and p53-signaling pathway) correlated with structural changes in multiple regions. Mediation analysis showed that the sphingomyelin metabolism pathway is associated with HAM-D change (p < 0.01), and this effect is mediated via the volume of mediodorsal thalamus (p < 0.03). In summary, the integration of lithium effects on brain structural and peripheral gene expression changes revealed effects on several neurotrophic molecular pathways, which provides further insights into the mechanism of lithium action.
Spectroscopic-network-assisted precision spectroscopy and its application to water
Authors: Tóbiás Roland , Furtenbacher Tibor , Simkó Irén , Császár Attila G. , Diouf Meissa L. , Cozijn Frank M. J. , Staa Joey M. A. , Salumbides Edcel J. , Ubachs Wim 
Published: April 2020

AbstractFrequency combs and cavity-enhanced optical techniques have revolutionized molecular spectroscopy: their combination allows recording saturated Doppler-free lines with ultrahigh precision. Network theory, based on the generalized Ritz principle, offers a powerful tool for the intelligent design and validation of such precision-spectroscopy experiments and the subsequent derivation of accurate energy differences. As a proof of concept, 156 carefully-selected near-infrared transitions are detected for H216O, a benchmark system of molecular spectroscopy, at kHz accuracy. These measurements, augmented with 28 extremely-accurate literature lines to ensure overall connectivity, allow the precise determination of the lowest ortho-H216O energy, now set at 23.794 361 22(25) cm−1, and 160 energy levels with similarly high accuracy. Based on the limited number of observed transitions, 1219 calibration-quality lines are obtained in a wide wavenumber interval, which can be used to improve spectroscopic databases and applied to frequency metrology, astrophysics, atmospheric sensing, and combustion chemistry.
Exposure measurement error and the characterization of child exposure to fecal contamination in drinking water
Authors: Goddard Frederick G. B. , Chang Howard H. , Clasen Thomas F. , Sarnat Jeremy A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCharacterizing fecal contamination exposure from drinking water can introduce exposure measurement errors, i.e., differences between the observed and true exposure. These errors can mask the true relationship between fecal contamination exposure and waterborne diseases. We present a framework to quantify the impact of measurement errors on exposure–outcome health effect estimates introduced by variability in measured drinking water fecal contamination levels and household versus community sampling strategies. We matched fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) data for >37,000 drinking water samples to children aged 0–72 months from 19 studies in low- and middle-income countries and took two complementary analytical approaches. We found that household-level exposure assessments may attenuate effect estimates of FIB concentrations in drinking water on diarrhea, and single water samples may attenuate health effect estimates of FIB concentrations on linear growth. To understand the health effects of fecal contamination exposure, measurement error frameworks can be used to estimate more biologically relevant exposures.
From precision physics to the energy frontier with the Compact Linear Collider
Authors: Sicking Eva , Ström Rickard 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a proposed high-luminosity collider that would collide electrons with their antiparticles, positrons, at energies ranging from a few hundred giga-electronvolts to a few tera-electronvolts. By covering a large energy range and by ultimately reaching collision energies in the multi-tera-electronvolts range, scientists at CLIC aim to improve the understanding of nature’s fundamental building blocks and to discover new particles or other physics phenomena. CLIC is an international project hosted by CERN with 75 institutes worldwide participating in the accelerator, detector and physics studies. If commissioned, the first electron–positron collisions at CLIC are expected around 2035, following the high-luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Here we survey the principal merits of CLIC, and examine the opportunities that arise as a result of its design. We argue that CLIC represents an attractive proposition for the next-generation particle collider by combining an innovative accelerator technology, a realistic delivery timescale, and a physics programme that is highly complementary to existing accelerators, reaching uncharted territory.
Genetic tool development in marine protists: emerging model organisms for experimental cell biology
Authors: Faktorová Drahomíra , Nisbet R. Ellen R. , Fernández Robledo José A. , Casacuberta Elena , Sudek Lisa , Allen Andrew E. , Ares Manuel , Aresté Cristina , Balestreri Cecilia , Barbrook Adrian C. , Beardslee Patrick , Bender Sara , Booth David S. , Bouget François-Yves , Bowler Chris , Breglia Susana A. , Brownlee Colin , Burger Gertraud , Cerutti Heriberto , Cesaroni Rachele , Chiurillo Miguel A. , Clemente Thomas , Coles Duncan B. , Collier Jackie L. , Cooney Elizabeth C. , Coyne Kathryn , Docampo Roberto , Dupont Christopher L. , Edgcomb Virginia , Einarsson Elin , Elustondo Pía A. , Federici Fernan , Freire-Beneitez Veronica , Freyria Nastasia J. , Fukuda Kodai , García Paulo A. , Girguis Peter R. , Gomaa Fatma , Gornik Sebastian G. , Guo Jian , Hampl Vladimír , Hanawa Yutaka , Haro-Contreras Esteban R. , Hehenberger Elisabeth , Highfield Andrea , Hirakawa Yoshihisa , Hopes Amanda , Howe Christopher J. , Hu Ian , Ibañez Jorge , Irwin Nicholas A. T. , Ishii Yuu , Janowicz Natalia Ewa , Jones Adam C. , Kachale Ambar , Fujimura-Kamada Konomi , Kaur Binnypreet , Kaye Jonathan Z. , Kazana Eleanna , Keeling Patrick J. , King Nicole , Klobutcher Lawrence A. , Lander Noelia , Lassadi Imen , Li Zhuhong , Lin Senjie , Lozano Jean-Claude , Luan Fulei , Maruyama Shinichiro , Matute Tamara , Miceli Cristina , Minagawa Jun , Moosburner Mark , Najle Sebastián R. , Nanjappa Deepak , Nimmo Isabel C. , Noble Luke , Novák Vanclová Anna M. G. , Nowacki Mariusz , Nuñez Isaac , Pain Arnab , Piersanti Angela , Pucciarelli Sandra , Pyrih Jan , Rest Joshua S. , Rius Mariana , Robertson Deborah , Ruaud Albane , Ruiz-Trillo Iñaki , Sigg Monika A. , Silver Pamela A. , Slamovits Claudio H. , Jason Smith G. , Sprecher Brittany N. , Stern Rowena , Swart Estienne C. , Tsaousis Anastasios D. , Tsypin Lev , Turkewitz Aaron , Turnšek Jernej , Valach Matus , Vergé Valérie , von Dassow Peter , von der Haar Tobias , Waller Ross F. , Wang Lu , Wen Xiaoxue , Wheeler Glen , Woods April , Zhang Huan , Mock Thomas , Worden Alexandra Z. , Lukeš Julius 
Published: April 2020

AbstractDiverse microbial ecosystems underpin life in the sea. Among these microbes are many unicellular eukaryotes that span the diversity of the eukaryotic tree of life. However, genetic tractability has been limited to a few species, which do not represent eukaryotic diversity or environmentally relevant taxa. Here, we report on the development of genetic tools in a range of protists primarily from marine environments. We present evidence for foreign DNA delivery and expression in 13 species never before transformed and for advancement of tools for eight other species, as well as potential reasons for why transformation of yet another 17 species tested was not achieved. Our resource in genetic manipulation will provide insights into the ancestral eukaryotic lifeforms, general eukaryote cell biology, protein diversification and the evolution of cellular pathways.
Universality Classes and Information-Theoretic Measures of Complexity via Group Entropies
Authors: Tempesta Piergiulio , Jensen Henrik Jeldtoft 
Published: April 2020

AbstractWe introduce a class of information measures based on group entropies, allowing us to describe the information-theoretical properties of complex systems. These entropic measures are nonadditive, and are mathematically deduced from a series of natural axioms. In addition, we require extensivity in order to ensure that our information measures are meaningful. The entropic measures proposed are suitably defined for describing universality classes of complex systems, each characterized by a specific state space growth rate function.
Attosecond Coherence Time Characterization in Hard X-Ray Free-Electron Laser
Authors: Zhou Guanqun , Decker Franz-Josef , Ding Yuantao , Jiao Yi , Lutman Alberto A. , Maxwell Timothy J. , Raubenheimer Tor O. , Wang Jiuqing , Holman Aaron J. , Tsai Cheng-Ying , Wu Jerome Y. , Wu Weiwei , Yang Chuan , Yoon Moohyun , Wu Juhao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOne of the key challenges in scientific researches based on free-electron lasers (FELs) is the characterization of the coherence time of the ultra-fast hard x-ray pulse, which fundamentally influences the interaction process between x-rays and materials. Conventional optical methods, based on autocorrelation, are very difficult to realize due to the lack of mirrors. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a novel method which yields a coherence time of 174.7 attoseconds for the 6.92 keV FEL pulses at the Linac Coherent Light Source. In our experiment, a phase shifter is adopted to control the cross-correlation between x-ray and microbunched electrons. This approach provides critical diagnostics for the temporal coherence of x-ray FELs and is universal for general machine parameters; applicable for wide range of photon energy, radiation brightness, repetition rate and FEL pulse duration.
The honeybee (Apis mellifera) developmental state shapes the genetic composition of the deformed wing virus-A quasispecies during serial transmission
Authors: Yañez Orlando , Chávez-Galarza Julio , Tellgren-Roth Christian , Pinto M. Alice , Neumann Peter , de Miranda Joachim R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe main biological threat to the western honeybee (Apis mellifera) is the parasitic miteVarroa destructor, largely because it vectors lethal epidemics of honeybee viruses that, in the absence of this mite, are relatively innocuous. The severe pathology is a direct consequence of excessive virus titres caused by this novel transmission route. However, little is known about how the virus adapts genetically during transmission and whether this influences the pathology. Here, we show that upon injection into honeybee pupae, the deformed wing virus type-A (DWV-A) quasispecies undergoes a rapid, extensive expansion of its sequence space, followed by strong negative selection towards a uniform, common shape by the time the pupae have completed their development, with no difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic adults in either DWV titre or genetic composition. This suggests that the physiological and molecular environment during pupal development has a strong, conservative influence on shaping the DWV-A quasispecies in emerging adults. There was furthermore no evidence of any progressive adaptation of the DWV-A quasispecies to serial intra-abdominal injection, simulating mite transmission, despite the generation of ample variation immediately following each transmission, suggesting that the virus either had already adapted to transmission by injection, or was unaffected by it.
Economical production of vitamin K2 using crude glycerol from the by-product of biodiesel
Authors: Zhang Chao , Wu Daoji , Ren Huixue 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIndustrial waste, such as crude glycerol, was used for vitamin K2 by B. subtilis Z-15. Crude glycerol could be used instead of pure glycerin for vitamin K2 production. The combination of soybean peptone and yeast extract was more conducive to the synthesis of vitamin K2. The optimal composition of medium was obtained by response surface methodology. The results indicated that the optimal medium was as follows: 6.3% crude glycerol, 3.0% soybean peptone concentration and 5.1 g/L yeast extract. Under the optimal culture medium, vitamin K2 production was increased to 45.11 ± 0.62 mg/L. The fermentor test further proved that the use of crude glycerol affected neither the synthesis of vitamin K2 nor the growth of B. subtilis. These investigations could lay a foundation for reducing the pollution of crude glycerol, exploring a late model for vitamin K2 cleaner production.
The DsbA-L gene is associated with respiratory function of the elderly via its adiponectin multimeric or antioxidant properties
Authors: Oniki Kentaro , Nohara Hirofumi , Nakashima Ryunosuke , Obata Yui , Muto Narumi , Sakamoto Yuki , Ueno-Shuto Keiko , Imafuku Tadashi , Ishima Yu , Watanabe Hiroshi , Maruyama Toru , Otake Koji , Ogata Yasuhiro , Suico Mary Ann , Kai Hirofumi , Shuto Tsuyoshi , Saruwatari Junji 
Published: April 2020

AbstractOxidative stress and inflammation play a key role in the age-related decline in the respiratory function. Adipokine in relation to the metabolic and inflammatory systems is attracting growing interest in the field of respiratory dysfunction. The present clinical and experimental studies investigated the role of the disulfide bond-forming oxidoreductase A-like protein (DsbA-L) gene, which has antioxidant and adiponectin multimeric (i.e. activation) properties, on the respiratory function of the elderly. We performed a retrospective longitudinal genotype-phenotype relationship analysis of 318 Japanese relatively elderly participants (mean age ± standard deviation: 67.0 ± 5.8 years) during a health screening program and an in vitro DsbA-L knock-down evaluation using 16HBE14o-cells, a commonly evaluated human airway epithelial cell line. The DsbA-L rs1917760 polymorphism was associated with a reduction in the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) and %FEV1 and with the elevation of the prevalence of FEV1/FVC < 70%. We also confirmed that the polymorphism was associated with a decreased respiratory function in relation to a decrease in the ratio of high-molecular-weight adiponectin/total adiponectin (as a marker of adiponectin multimerization) and an increase in the oxidized human serum albumin (as an oxidative stress marker). Furthermore, we clarified that DsbA-L knock-down induced oxidative stress and up-regulated the mucus production in human airway epithelial cells. These findings suggest that the DsbA-L gene may play a role in protecting the respiratory function of the elderly, possibly via increased systemic adiponectin functions secreted from adipocytes or through systemic and/or local pulmonary antioxidant properties.
Concepts of Double Hit and Triple Hit Disease in Multiple Myeloma, Entity and Prognostic Significance
Authors: Baysal Mehmet , Demirci Ufuk , Umit Elif , Kirkizlar Hakki Onur , Atli Emine Ikbal , Gurkan Hakan , Gulsaran Sedanur Karaman , Bas Volkan , Mail Cisem , Demir Ahmet Muzaffer 
Published: April 2020

AbstractRisk assessment in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients (NDMM) is the first and the most crucial determinant of treatment. With the utilization of FISH analysis as a part of routine practice, high risk Multiple Myeloma (MM) is defined as having at least one of the mutations related with poor prognosis including; t(4;14) t(14;16), t(14;20), del 17p, p53 mutation, gain 1q and del 1p. M-Smart MM risk stratification guideline by Mayo Clinic has proposed a concept similar to high grade lymphomas. Having two of the high risk genetic abnormalities were defined as double hit MM and having any three as triple hit MM. Based on these definitions which may bring a much more clinically relatable understanding in MM prognosis, we aimed to assess our database regarding these two concepts and their probable significance in terms of outcome and prognosis. We retrospectively evaluated 159 newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients and their clinical course. Among these patients; twenty-four patients have one high risk determinant and also seven and two patients were classified as double hit MM and triple hit MM respectively. Overall survival (OS) of the patients with double hit MM was 6 months, 32.0 months for patients with single high risk abnormality and 57.0 months for patients with no high risk abnormality. Univariate analysis showed that Double Hit and Triple Hit MM is a predictive of low OS. Hazard Ratio of patients with one high risk abnormality was 1.42, double-hit MM patients was 5.55, and triple-hit MM patients was 7.3. Despite the development of novel drugs and their effects of prolonging survival, the treatment has not been individualized. Understanding the biology of each patient as a unique process will be the success of the treatment. As it is known that some MM patients harbor high risk genetic abnormalities according to FISH analysis, we can continue the argument that some patients bring an even higher risk and that can be defined as double or triple hit MM.
Individual differences predict endorsement of water resilience
Authors: Baird Julia , Dale Gillian , Farhad Sherman 
Published: April 2020

AbstractIn the epoch of the Anthropocene change, complexity, and uncertainty create a demand for new systems of water management and governance. One such management model that is rapidly gaining traction amongst both scholars and practitioners is the concept of water resilience. Although increasing attention has been paid to the overarching theoretical and applied issues surrounding water resilience, few have examined individual attitudes and perceptions towards this concept. In this paper, we examine to what extent individuals endorse – that is, agree with and see the importance of using - social-ecological resilience as a framework for management and governance of water resources. We approach the problem and promise of water governance in this way because individuals’ mindsets (and shifts in mindsets) offers one of the most effective leverage points for larger system change. To explore water resilience endorsement, we developed a scale (i.e., a water resilience scale) that was designed to capture individual endorsement of each of the seven principles of social-ecological water resilience. Three additional sets of questionnaires were also used to examine whether individual characteristics (i.e., demographics, psychological factors, and environmental attitudes) predict water resilience endorsement. Overall, there was considerable societal endorsement of water resilience. However, the degree to which individuals endorsed the concept of water resilience differed as a function of demographics, psychological characteristics, and attitudes toward the environment. Future research should examine the nuances of endorsement and consider targeted approaches to influence endorsement levels by using the predictor variables as a basis for engaging and shifting mindsets.
Metabolomic alternations of follicular fluid of obese women undergoing in-vitro fertilization treatment
Authors: Song Jingyan , Xiang Shan , Pang Conghui , Guo Jiayin , Sun Zhengao 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObesity exerts negative effects on the metabolic homeostasis of cells in various tissues, but how it influences ovum metabolism is not fully understood. Previous studies demonstrate that oocyte genes that regulate oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and inflammation are highly expressed in obese women. However, the metabolic effects of these genetic variations are not clear. To address this gap, we conducted an exploratory evaluation of follicular fluid (FF) metabolites in underweight, normal-weight, overweight, and obese women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. The FF samples from the underweight (Group A, n = 40), normal-weight (Group B, n = 40), overweight (Group C, n = 40), and obese women (Group D, n = 40) were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. A novel, high-coverage, semi-targeted metabolomics method (SWATH to MRM) and a targeted metabolomics method were employed to identify and verify the differential metabolites between the four groups. Sixteen differentially expressed FF metabolites were identified. Increase of BMI was associated with upregulation of 5 metabolites, ganoderiol H, LPI (18:3), sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate, austalide L and 2 - {[hydroxyl (3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenylmethylidene] amino} acetic acid, and downregulation of 5 metabolites, 1-phenyl-1,3-elcosanedione, retinol acetate, p-Cresol sulfate, setariol and arachidonyl carnitine. These metabolites were enriched in different metabolic pathways of retinol metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. These obesity-related differential metabolites provide a pathogenesis mechanism that explains the decline of oocyte development during obesity. These results suggest that obesity affects follicular environment prior to pregnancy, a time-window that may be important for lifestyle interventions to decrease obesity levels.