bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Within and Across Language Predictors of Word Learning Processes in Dual Language Learners
Authors: Pace Amy , Luo Rufan , Levine Dani , Iglesias Aquiles , de Villiers Jill , Golinkoff Roberta M. , Wilson Mary S. , Hirsh‐Pasek Kathy 
Published: August 2020

This study investigated the relation between Dual Language Learners’ (N = 90) vocabulary and grammar comprehension and word learning processes in preschool (aged 3‐through‐5 years). Of interest was whether: (a) performance in Spanish correlated with performance in English within each domain; and (b) comprehension predicted novel word learning within and across languages. Dual‐language experience was evaluated as a potential moderator. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed stronger predictive associations within each language than across languages. Across languages, results varied by experience and domain. Structural sensitivity theory suggests exposure to two languages heightens awareness of parameters along which languages vary and provides a framework for interpreting complex associations within and across languages. Knowledge from one language may influence learning in both.
Maternal caries experience influences offspring’s early childhood caries—a birth cohort study
Authors: Hariyani Ninuk , Do Loc G. , Spencer A. John , Thomson W. Murray , Scott Jane A. , Ha Diep H. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectiveTo describe early childhood caries (ECC) patterns and evaluate the associations with maternal caries experience and other factors.MethodsA secondary analysis was undertaken using data from the Study of Mothers' and Infants' Life Events Affecting Oral Health (SMILE), a population‐based birth cohort study. It used data from 1040 mother/child dyads. Standardized oral examinations of the mothers and the children were conducted when children were 2‐3 years old to determine the prevalence of ECC (main outcome) and maternal caries experience (main exposure variable). Maternal sociodemographic characteristics, time‐restricting conditions (relationship status, work status and number of children in the household) and dental health behaviours (brushing frequency and sugary beverage consumption) served as covariates. Data on child dental health behaviours were collected at two years of age. Multivariable models were generated for ECC to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) for the association between ECC and maternal caries experience, controlling for the covariates.ResultsThe prevalence of ECC among 2‐ to 3‐year‐old children was 10.6% (95%CI: 8.7%‐12.5%). It was higher in children whose mothers had greater caries experience. Children whose mothers had higher caries experience had 86% (PR = 1.86 [1.27‐2.72]) greater risk of having ECC than those whose mothers had low caries experience. Children whose teeth had not been brushed the night before had a higher risk of ECC (PR = 1.4 [1.01‐1.9]) than their counterparts. Women born in Australia, New Zealand or the UK had offspring with lower risk of ECC.ConclusionsMaternal caries experience was an independent risk factor for offspring ECC. However, good oral health behaviours practised by mothers for their children may alleviate such risk. Mothers need to be supported to adopt good oral health behaviours and a healthy diet for their child.
Metabolic syndrome prevalence in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Relationship with systemic inflammation
Authors: Zhou Wei , Li Cai‐li , Cao Jie , Feng Jing 
Published: August 2020

AbstractObjectivesMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is frequent in both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of MetS and the status of systemic inflammation in overlap syndrome.MethodsA total of 151 consecutive COPD patients were recruited in this cross‐sectional study. Spirometry and polysomnography were done in all patients. The MetS was defined according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Anthropometry, metabolic parameters and inflammatory biomarkers: IL‐6, TNF‐α, leptin, resistin and adiponectin were recorded.ResultsOSA was present in 19.2% COPD patients. Subjects with overlap syndrome had higher neck and waist circumference compared to those with COPD alone. Significant differences in levels of blood pressure, lipid metabolic and glucose metabolic were found between two groups with overlap and COPD, as well as inflammatory biomarkers. Prevalence of MetS was increased in overlap group. Multivariate logistic regression showed that BMI, systolic BP when fall asleep and recumbent angiotens levels as significant independent predictors of the presence of Mets in overlap syndrome.ConclusionThis study shows that MetS is frequent in patients with overlap. Overlap syndrome indicates a higher cardiometabolic risk and higher levels of systemic inflammatory.
BRAF fusion Spitz neoplasms; clinical morphological, and genomic findings in six cases
Authors: Kim Daniel , Khan Ayesha U. , Compres Elsy V. , Zhang Bin , Sunshine Joel C. , Quan Victor L. , Gerami Pedram 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundFusions involving the BRAF gene are responsible for 5% of Spitz neoplasms. To better characterize them, we report the clinical, morphological, and genomic findings of six BRAF fusion Spitz tumors.MethodsThe morphological, clinical, and molecular findings of six BRAF fusion Spitz neoplasms assessed by next generation sequencing (NGS) were compared to a control set of Spitz without BRAF fusions.ResultsBRAF fusion Spitz tumors had frequent predominance of epithelioid morphology (4/6 cases), frequent high‐grade nuclear atypia and pleomorphism (5/6 cases), and a frequent desmoplastic base (3/6 cases). Five of six cases were diagnosed as atypical Spitz tumor and one as Spitz nevus. All cases had uneventful clinical follow‐up. There were five different fusion partners, with CLIP2 being the most frequent. Secondary pathogenic mutations were frequent and chromosomal copy number changes were seen in three of six cases by an NGS platform.ConclusionsBRAF fusions Spitz usually have epithelioid morphology, high‐grade nuclear atypia, and desmoplasia. Chromosomal copy number changes are not infrequent. While our cases had uneventful follow‐up, a meta‐analysis of the literature suggests that among the fusion subtypes associated with Spitz tumors, they are among the subgroups more likely to develop distant metastasis.
What lies beneath: Cutaneous involvement of mantle cell lymphoma underlying an insect‐bite‐like reaction
Authors: Shah Radhika A. , Powell Priscilla R. , Parekh Palak K. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an uncommon subtype of mature B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by specific morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic characteristics, namely the t(11;14)(q13;q32) chromosomal translocation with resultant cyclin D1 overexpression. MCL has a generally aggressive course and is often widely disseminated at the time of diagnosis. Skin involvement is exceedingly rare and is seldom the first manifestation of MCL. We present a case of MCL in an 84‐year‐old man with cutaneous involvement as the first manifestation, discovered incidentally after biopsy of a persistent nodule believed to be an insect bite. This case not only serves to raise awareness of the possibility of MCL presenting in the skin but also to point out that MCL can have lesions with both an insect‐bite‐like reaction and a deeper dermal MCL infiltrate.
Are the well‐off youth in Sweden more likely to use cannabis?
Authors: Gripe Isabella , Danielsson Anna‐Karin , Karlsson Patrik , Thor Siri , Ramstedt Mats 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIntroduction and AimsResults from previous research are inconsistent regarding the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and cannabis use among adolescents. Since there are risks associated with cannabis use, a social gradient in cannabis use may contribute to reproducing socioeconomic differences in life opportunities. The aim of this study was to assess the association between childhood SES and cannabis use among youth in Sweden.Design and MethodsWe used repeated cross‐sectional data from three waves (2014–2016) of the Swedish national school survey among 11th graders. The analysis encompassed 9497 individuals in 668 school classes. Childhood SES was measured through parents' highest education, as reported by the students. Cannabis use was measured in terms of lifetime use and frequency of use. Data were analysed using multi‐level mixed‐effects Poisson regression.ResultsAdolescents with at least 1 parent with university/college education had 17% (incidence rate ratio 1.17, confidence interval 1.05, 1.30) higher risk of lifetime use of cannabis compared with those whose parents had no university/college education, adjusting for sex, SES of the school environment, academic orientation, truancy, risk assessment and parental permissiveness. Among life‐time users of cannabis, risk for frequent cannabis use was 28% (incidence rate ratio 0.72, confidence interval 0.53, 0.97) lower for those with at least 1 parent with university or college education.Discussion and ConclusionsChildhood SES, in terms of parental education, was associated with cannabis use among Swedish adolescents. Adolescents from families with lower SES were less likely to ever try cannabis, but at higher risk for frequent use.
Stepwise manipulation of cardiac computed tomography multi‐planar reconstruction to mimic transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Lai Wei‐Tsung , Hsiung Ming‐Chon , Lin Lung‐Chun , Yin Wei‐Hsian , Hsu Ching‐Hsuan , Huang Kuan‐Chih 
Published: August 2020

AbstractCardiac computed tomography (CT) is increasingly used to plan transcatheter structural heart interventions. However, intraoperative guidance relies on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and fluoroscopy. This study sought to develop a stepwise CT multi‐planar reconstruction manipulation method to mimic TEE, bridging the gap between preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance tools. This CT manipulation reproduced similar configurations as TEE views in the mid‐esophageal left ventricle (LV) views, transgastric LV 2‐chamber views for mitral apparatus, and other miscellaneous views. Stepwise cardiac CT manipulation to mimic TEE is the final piece of the puzzle in the mental co‐registration of these three crucial imaging modalities. Now, we can predict the TEE images and fluoroscopy projections in a preoperative rehearsal, thus improving the intraoperative accuracy of interventions.
Relation between left atrial strain and exercise tolerance in patients with mild mitral stenosis: An insight from 2D speckle‐tracking echocardiography
Authors: Mahfouz Ragab A. , Gouda Mohammad , Abdelhamed Mohamed 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundMild mitral stenosis (MS) is a progressive disease but unfortunately, its clinical course is still unclearly studied. We aimed to study the left atrial (LA) deformation in such patients and how it is related to exercise intolerance.MethodsSeventy‐five patients with mitral valve area of 1.81 ± 0.13 cm2 and 40 healthy control subjects were enrolled. All participants had sinus rhythm, and they underwent conventional echocardiography and LA strain analysis with speckle‐tracking study. The following parameters were obtained: left atrial reservoir strain (LAS‐s), LA conduit strain (LAS‐e), and LA contraction strain (LAS‐a). All participants underwent symptoms limited stress ECG using modified Bruce protocol.ResultsComparing with control subjects, patients with mild MS had significant lower LAS‐s value (P < .01) and LAS‐e (<0.03). Patients with exercise intolerance (METs < 8) had lower LAS‐s (P < .001), LAS‐e (P < .01), and LAS‐a (P < .05) values compared to those with METs ≥ 8. We found that METs was significantly related to LAS‐s (P < .001), brain natriuretic peptide (P < .001), and Δ TAPSE (P < .03). Multivariate analysis showed that LAS‐s was an independent predictor of reduced exercise capacity. With ROC analysis, LAS‐s ≤ 26.5% was the optimal value for prediction of exercise intolerance in patients with mild MS.ConclusionA significant percentage of patients with mild mitral stenosis had exercise intolerance. We found that LAS‐s was significantly associated with exercise capacity in patients with mild MS. Hence, we thought that LA deformation could be of great value in the follow‐up of patients with mild MS.
Genetic population structure of pike (Esox luciusLinnaeus, 1758) in the brackish lagoons of the southern Baltic Sea
Authors: Möller Sören , Winkler Helmut M. , Richter Stefan , Bastrop Ralf 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe Baltic Sea is a unique ecosystem and the largest body of brackish water in the world. It is inhabited by several originally freshwater fish species, one of them being pike (Esox lucius), which is adapted to the mesohaline conditions of the southern Baltic Sea and colonises its south‐western bays and lagoons. Using twelve microsatellite markers, we analysed the genetic structure of 407 Baltic Sea pike collected from ten locations in the coastal zone of the southern Baltic region and adjacent rivers and nearby lakes. We used traditional F‐statistics and a Bayesian approach implemented in STRUCTURE to investigate spatial structuring. Our results show an overall isolation by distance pattern with two distinct coastal clusters. The border area between the two clusters is characterised by a sharp salinity leap, indicating that the dispersal barrier is not physical, but physiological in nature. A third cluster was formed by three lake populations, presumably as a result of past stocking measures. Additional otolith microchemical studies demonstrate the brackish origin and residency of the majority of the pike from the coastal lagoons, supporting previous studies which suggest that the anadromous pike “ecotype” is scarce in this area of the Baltic Sea. Our results contribute to current knowledge on the population genetics of Baltic Sea pike in a previously unsampled area.
Improving the quality of preclinical simulation training for dental students using a new digital real‐time evaluation system
Authors: Tang Lin , Cao Ye , Liu Zhongning , Qian Kun , Liu Yuhua , Liu Yunsong , Zhou Yongsheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundWith the rapid development of technology, traditional dental education has undergone a transition with the active incorporation of digital technology into curricula. DCARER is a recently developed digital real‐time evaluation system for the digital assessment of student preclinical simulation practice performance. The system provides supplementary feedback on process analysis in addition to an objective final result. This study evaluated the grading validity of the DCARER system and its effect on dental preclinical practice skills training.MethodsSeventy‐three residents of Grade 2018, all of whom had completed their 3‐year term residencies in standardised and systematic training, were recruited into this study to examine the system's grading validity. All performed crown preparations with the adoption of the DCARER system, which generated both process and final scores. Three experts gave their own grade anonymously according to the final work. The differences between the digital system and the expert scores were analysed. In addition, 60 dental students in Grade 4 and 10 dental faculty members were randomly divided into traditional and digital groups. The students in the traditional group prepared the tooth with the guidance of supervisors, whilst the digital group used the DCARER system. After the class, the students’ tooth preparations were scored by the same three experts in a blinded manner. The students and faculty members completed two different sets of questionnaires to evaluate the effects of teaching, acceptance, satisfaction, and evaluation accuracy of the digital system and the traditional method.ResultsThe grading validity assessment showed no significant difference between the tooth preparation scores given by the DCARER system and the experts (P> .05). The unique process scores given by the DCARER system were weakly correlated with the final scores given by both the digital system and the experts. The main characteristics of the 60 students and 10 faculty members were homogeneous at baseline (P> .05). The tooth preparations of the traditional group scored significantly lower than those of the digital group (P < .01).More students in the digital group (93.3%) believed the judgement to be objective than in the traditional group (73.3%). All students guided by the DCARER system (100%) and 80% of students taught in a traditional manner felt that the assessment reinforced the learning process. Faculty members reported that use of the digital system did not significantly increase their workload and reinforced the learning process for the internship.ConclusionThe results presented here indicate the validity of grading using the digital real‐time evaluation system. Students and faculty could benefit from application of the system in tooth preparation practice, which may provide effective clinical interaction training for dental education.
Land system diversity, scaling laws and polygons map analysis
Authors: Ibáñez Juan‐José , Ramírez‐Rosario Beatriz , Fernández‐Pozo Luis , Brevik Eric C. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractNumerous lines of evidence have been presented in the literature that show the patterns of pedodiversity and biodiversity are very similar. One of the most corroborated patterns lies in the fits of the relationships between biodiversity and soil diversity to power laws according to the increase in study area. Several authors have analysed the presence of fractal and multifractal features in pedodiversity and biodiversity analyses. Similarly, it has also been found that valuable information can be extracted from the polygons of soil and vegetation maps, which also have surprising similarities. These approaches concern information on the spatial distribution of natural resources. However, other more artificial but interesting maps and their comparison have been neglected by such studies. Land systems maps and their georeferenced databases fall into this latter category, and they include most of the soil‐forming factors. In this paper a georeferenced land system database and map were analysed and the results compared with those obtained in previous pedodiversity and biodiversity studies, primarily the spatial patterns of the polygons. The results showed that the analysed land system map units followed the same patterns that were previously found in pedodiversity and biodiversity studies; that is, the power law concerning richness–area relationships. The same patterns occur with the number of polygons. Some geographers claim there is a “law” that states that there are far more small things/objects than larger ones across several orders of magnitude in geographic space and thus this regularity conforms to scaling laws, independent of the resource involved. The results obtained corroborate this conjecture irrespective of whether natural resources or artificial cartographies were analysed. This paper represents a first test of land use maps; additional work in this area is needed.Highlights
Spatial patterns detected in natural and land system maps seem to be similar
Composite GIS maps have the same spatial patterns as their base maps.
Soil and land system units conform to long‐tail or heavy tail distributions.
Soil maps and land system maps conform to power laws, fingerprints of fractal structures
There are more small polygons than large ones across several magnitude orders on choropleth maps.
Is the technical quality of root fillings associated with socioeconomic status? A cross‐sectional study among Finnish adults
Authors: Raittio Eero , Huumonen Sisko , Suominen Anna L. 
Published: August 2020

We investigated differences in the technical quality of root fillings according to socioeconomic status. In the Finnish Health 2000 Survey, which comprised a sample of 8,028 adults aged over 29 yr, 6,115 underwent panoramic radiography. A total of 7,986 endodontically treated teeth were detected among 3,095 participants. The criterion for a technically inadequate root filling was a distance from the root filling to the root apex of over 3 mm or a filling extruding beyond the apex. Educational level, employment status, and income were the measures of socioeconomic status. Differences in the frequency of inadequate root fillings according to socioeconomic status were investigated using a multilevel logistic mixed‐effects model taking into account age, gender, number of teeth, and type of root filled tooth. Almost half (46%) of the root fillings were inadequate. Among the over 64‐yr‐olds, higher education and higher income were associated with a higher probability of having an inadequate root filling. Among the under 65‐yr‐olds, socioeconomic status was not associated with root filling quality. Contrary to expectation, lower socioeconomic status was not associated with poorer endodontic treatment quality; however, higher income and higher education was associated with higher odds for inadequate root fillings among the over 64‐yr‐olds.
The Orthodox Diaspora
Authors: Archbishop Demetrios Geron (Elder) of America  
Published: August 2020

AbstractThis paper discusses the decisions of the Holy and Great Council of the Orthodox Church in June 2016 that offered the Orthodox diaspora throughout the world the opportunity on many levels to act and develop activities to promote Orthodox witness, faith, and life. The issue of diaspora is very important for the church on account of the dynamic presence of the Orthodox faith and witness within large heterodox, non‐Christian, and diversified multicultural populations. The diaspora, after the Holy and Great Synod of the Orthodox Church, has in front of it an open door that no one can shut. Hence the diaspora is always in a movement of outreach for the sowing of the seed of truth to those who are far away and to those who are near: always with the mighty assistance of the merciful and philanthropic God.
A bi‐objective procedure to deliver actionable knowledge in sport services
Authors: Pinheiro Paulo , Cavique Luís 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe increase in retention of customers in gyms and health clubs is nowadays a challenge that requires concrete and personalized actions. Traditional data mining studies focused essentially on predictive analytics, neglecting the business domain. This work presents an actionable knowledge discovery system that uses the following pipeline (data collection, predictive model and retention interventions). In the first step, it extracts and transforms existing real data from databases of the sports facilities. In the second step, predictive models are applied to identify user profiles more susceptible to dropout, where actionable withdrawal rules are based on actionable attributes. Finally, in the third step, based on the previous actionable knowledge, some of the values of the actionable attributes should be changed in order to increase retention. Simulation of scenarios is carried out, with test and control groups, where business utility and associated cost are measured. This document presents a bi‐objective study in order to choose the more efficient scenarios.