bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermoscopic Evaluation Improves Clinical Diagnosis of Oral Melanotic Macules: A Study in 50 Patients with Oral Pigmented Lesions
Authors: Mordoh Ana , Casas Gabriel , Horacio Cabo , Werner Laura , Aguas Silvia C. , Lanfranchi Hector , Krupitzki Hugo , Gandolfo Mariana 
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND: Dermoscopy is a non-invasive in vivo method rarely used for the diagnosis of oral pigmented lesions.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical, dermoscopic, and histologic features of Oral Melanotic Macules (OMMs), and to evaluate the usefulness of dermoscopy in the diagnosis of OMMs.
METHODS: Fifty patients presenting solitary or multiple circumscribed pigmented lesions in the oral mucosa were included.
RESULTS: OMMs were diagnosed in 19 patients (84% women and 16 % men); 52 % of patients had multiple lesions, 48% had one lesion. Lesion sites in decreasing order of frequency were the labial mucosa (63 %), gingiva (31.57 %), cheek mucosa (26.31%), labial semimucosa (21%), palate (10.52 %), alveolar ridge (5.26 %) and tongue (5.26 %). The dermoscopic pattern of OMMs was linear in 89 % of cases (47% parallel line, 35% fish scale-like, and 17% hyphal patterns). Histological analysis showed increased melanin in the basal cell layer in all cases with a linear dermoscopic pattern, slight acanthosis in 14 cases, and a slight increase in number of basal melanocytes in 13 cases. Globules were seen in 21% of cases corresponding histologically with increased melanin or melanophages in the lamina propria. The dermoscopic observation of symmetrical lines further enhances the diagnostic ability of dermoscopy in OMMs, with 73.68% sensitivity, 87.1% specificity, 77.78% positive predictive value, 84.38 % negative predictive value, 5.71 positive likelihood ratio, and 0.30 negative likelihood ratio.
CONCLUSIONS: Dermoscopy may play a role in improving noninvasive diagnosis of oral pigmented lesions occurring on several areas of non-keratinized mucosa.
Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: Fortuna Giulio , Aria Massimo , Whitmire Sarah , Cepeda-Valdes Rodrigo , Garcia-Garcia Sandra Cecilia , Moreno Treviño María Guadalupe , Salas-Alanis Julio Cesar 
Published: March 2020

Background: Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is a devastating mucocutaneous inherited disorder that can have a remarkable impact on the oral cavity.
Objective: To understand the relationships between oral health-related quality of life and general quality of life in DEB patients versus a control group.
Methods: Twenty-eight DEB patients and 26 healthy individuals completed the following battery of scales: Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49), RAND Short Form-36 (SF-36), Hamilton Rating Scale for anxiety (HAM-A) and depression (HAM-D).
Results: All 7 dimensions in OHIP-49 demonstrated significant difference in functional limitations (Median:13.0; IQR:10.3-20.0 vs Median:7.0; IQR:2.0-9.0; p<0.001) and physical disability (Median:11.5; IQR:4.0-15.0 vs Median:0.0; IQR:0.0-2.3; p<0.001) in DEB patients vs controls, respectively. In SF-36, physical functioning and general health were highly significant (p<0.001), whereas limitation due to physical health (p=0.043) and pain (p=0.010) were moderately significant. A positive correlation was found between oral health-related quality of life and anxiety (p=0.005 and p=0.03 in DEB patients and controls, respectively) and depression (p=0.045 and p=0.001 in DEB patients and controls, respectively). In DEB patients, no correlation was found between general quality of life and anxiety/depression, oral health-related quality of life and oral-pharyngeal severity score, number of oral-pharyngeal sites involved and general quality of life, as well as oral health-related quality of life between patients with dominant and recessive DEB forms (p>0.05).
Conclusions: The oral health-related quality of life is highly impaired in patients with DEB. General quality of life was affected only for some dimensions and was not correlated with oral health-related quality of life.
Rotational Desorption of Ice Mantles from Suprathermally Rotating Grains around Young Stellar Objects
Authors: Hoang Thiem , Tram Le Ngoc 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Ice mantles on dust grains play a central role in astrochemistry. Water and complex organic molecules (COMs) are thought to first form on the ice mantles and subsequently are released into the gas phase due to star-formation activity. However, the critical question is whether ice mantles can survive stellar radiation when grains are being heated from

to ≳100 K. In this paper, we first study the effect of suprathermal grain rotation driven by the intense radiation of young stellar objects on the ice mantles. We find that the entire ice mantles can be disrupted into small fragments by centrifugal stress before the water ice and COMs desorb via thermal sublimation. We then study the consequence of resulting ice fragments and find that tiny fragments of radius a ≲ 10 Å exhibit a transient release of COMs due to thermal spikes, whereas larger fragments can facilitate thermal sublimation at much higher rates than from the original icy grain, or the same rate but with temperatures of ∼20–40 K lower. We find that rotational desorption is efficient for hot cores/corinos from the inner to outer regions where the temperature drops to

and

. We discuss the implications of this mechanism for desorption of COMs and water ice in various environments, including outflow cavity walls, photodissociation regions, and protoplanetary disks. Finally, we show that very large aggregate grains can be disrupted into individual icy grains via a rotational disruption mechanism, followed by rotational desorption of ice mantles.
Evolution of Entropy and Mediation of the Solar Wind by Turbulence
Authors: Adhikari L. , Zank G. P. , Zhao L.-L. , Webb G. M. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
We study the evolution of solar wind entropy based on a conservative formulation of solar wind and turbulence transport model equations, and compare the model results to Voyager 2 measurements. For a polytropic index of γ = 5/3 (>1), entropy increases with distance due to the dissipation of turbulence, being about 12.84% higher at 75 au than at 1 au. However, if the polytropic index satisfies γ < 1, entropy decreases. We show that not only the creation of pickup ions, but also stream-shear leads to a decrease of the solar wind speed. We show that the sum of the solar wind flow energy (kinetic plus enthalpy) and turbulent (magnetic) energy is constant, indicating that kinetic solar wind energy is transferred into turbulent energy via stream-shear and pickup ion isotropization, which then in turn heats the solar wind via the dissipation of turbulence. We compare the theoretical solutions of the solar wind entropy, the solar wind density, the thermal gas pressure, the solar wind proton temperature, and the fluctuating magnetic energy with those measured by Voyager 2. The results show that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the observed results.
Global Simulations of the Vertical Shear Instability with Nonideal Magnetohydrodynamic Effects
Authors: Cui Can , Bai Xue-Ning 
Published: March 2020

Abstract
The mechanisms of angular momentum transport and the level of turbulence in protoplanetary disks (PPDs) are crucial for understanding many aspects of planet formation. In recent years, it has been realized that the magneto-rotational instability tends to be suppressed in PPDs due to nonideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects, and the disk is primarily laminar with accretion driven by magnetized disk winds. In parallel, several hydrodynamic mechanisms have been identified that likely also generate vigorous turbulence and drive disk accretion. In this work, we study the interplay between MHD winds in PPDs with the vertical shear instability (VSI), one of the most promising hydrodynamic mechanisms, through 2D global nonideal MHD simulations with ambipolar diffusion (AD) and ohmic resistivity. For typical disk parameters, MHD winds can coexist with the VSI with accretion primarily wind-driven accompanied by vigorous VSI turbulence. The properties of the VSI remain similar to the unmagnetized case. The wind and overall field configuration are not strongly affected by the VSI turbulence, showing a modest level of variability and corrugation of the midplane current sheet. Weak AD strength or the enhanced coupling between gas and magnetic fields weakens the VSI. The VSI is also weakened with increasing magnetization, and characteristic VSI corrugation modes transition to low-amplitude breathing mode oscillations with strong magnetic fields.
Pretreatment HIV drug Resistance and Treatment Failure in Non-Italian HIV-1-Infected Patients Enrolled in ARCA
Authors: Bavaro Davide Fiore , Carlo Domenico Di , Rossetti Barbara , Bruzzone Bianca , Vicenti Ilaria , Pontali Emanuele , Zoncada Alessia , Lombardi Francesca , Di Giambenedetto Simona , Borghi Vanni , Pecorari Monica , Milini Paola , Meraviglia Paola , Monno Laura , Saracino Annalisa 
Published: March 2020

Background An increase in pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) to first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low-income countries has been recently described. Herein we analyse the prevalence of PDR and risk of virological failure (VF) over time among migrants to Italy enrolled in ARCA. Methods HIV-1 sequences from ART-naive patients of non-Italian nationality were retrieved from ARCA database from 1998 to 2017. PDR was defined by at least one mutation from the reference 2009 WHO surveillance list. Results Protease/reverse transcriptase sequences from 1,155 patients, mainly migrants from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA; 42%), followed by Latin America (LA; 25%) and Western countries (WE; 21%), were included. PDR was detected in 8.6% of sequences (13.1% versus 5.8% for B and non-B strains, respectively; P<0.001), 2.1% of patients carried a PDR for protease inhibitors (PIs; 2.1% versus 2.3%; P=0.893), 3.9% for nucleoside/ nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs; 6.8% versus 2.1%; P<0.001) and 4.3% for non-nucleoside/ nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs; 6.3% versus 3.1%; P=0.013). Overall, prevalence of PDR over the years remained stable, while it decreased for PIs in LA ( P=0.021) and for NRTIs ( P=0.020) among migrants from WE. Having more than one class of PDR ( P=0.015 versus absence of PDR), higher viral load at diagnosis ( P=0.008) and being migrants from SSA ( P=0.001 versus WE) were predictive of VF, while a recent calendar year of diagnosis ( P<0.001) was protective for VF. Conclusions PDR appeared to be stable over the years in migrants to Italy enrolled in ARCA; however, it still remains an important cause of VF together with viral load at diagnosis.
S‐wave velocity structure of Chlef City, Algeria, by inversion of Rayleigh wave ellipticity
Authors: Layadi Khalissa , Semmane Fethi , Yelles‐Chaouche Abdelkarim 
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTChlef City, Algeria, which is located in the Lower Cheliff Basin, is vulnerable to seismic hazards. Since there is no constrained velocity model for the Lower Cheliff Basin, particularly at greater depths, we conducted an ambient vibration investigation to map the shear‐wave velocity structure beneath the city, with the primary goal of supplementing the existing microzonation studies. Here, we inverted the Rayleigh wave ellipticity measurement curve of ambient vibrations measurements from 120 sites in Chlef City to estimate the shear‐wave velocity structure. The study area was subdivided into six zones based on similarities between the observed horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio of the ambient vibrations curves. Our resultant shear‐wave velocity models show that the observed fundamental frequencies (0.3–1.6 Hz) are related to a thick layer (~800 m) of upper Miocene deposits, where on average. Generally, the Mesozoic basement shows . Moreover, the clear peaks observed at higher frequencies and only in the northwest part of the city are related to a thin layer of Quaternary deposits ().
Comparison of turbulence measurements by a CSAT3B sonic anemometer and a high-resolution bistatic Doppler lidar
Authors: Mauder Matthias , Eggert Michael , Gutsmuths Christian , Oertel Stefan , Wilhelm Paul , Voelksch Ingo , Wanner Luise , Tambke Jens , Bogoev Ivan 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Accurate measurements of turbulence statistics in the atmosphere are important for eddy-covariance measurements, wind energy research, and the
validation of atmospheric numerical models. Sonic anemometers are widely used for these applications. However, these instruments are prone to
probe-induced flow distortion effects, and the magnitude of the resulting errors has been debated due to the lack of an absolute reference
instrument under field conditions. Here, we present the results of an intercomparison experiment between a CSAT3B sonic anemometer and
a high-resolution bistatic Doppler lidar, which is inherently free of any flow distortion. This novel remote sensing instrument has otherwise very
similar spatial and temporal sampling characteristics to the sonic anemometer and hence served as a reference for this comparison. The presented
measurements were carried out over flat homogeneous terrain at a measurement height of 30 m. We provide a comparative statistical analysis
of the resulting mean wind velocities, the standard deviations of the vertical wind speed and the friction velocity and investigate the reasons for
the observed deviations based on the turbulence spectra and co-spectra. Our results show an agreement of the mean wind velocity measurements and the
standard deviations of the vertical wind speed with a comparability of 0.082 and 0.020 m s−1, respectively. Biases for these two
quantities were 0.003 and 0.012 m s−1, respectively. Slightly larger differences were observed for friction velocity. Analysis of the
corresponding co-spectra showed that the CSAT3B underestimates this quantity systematically by about 3 % on average as a result of co-spectral
losses in the frequency range between 0.1 and 5 s−1. We also found that an angle-of-attack-dependent transducer-shadowing correction does
not improve the agreement between the CSAT3B and the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) lidar effectively.
Development and testing scenarios for implementing land use and land cover changes during the Holocene in Earth system model experiments
Authors: Harrison Sandy P. , Gaillard Marie-José , Stocker Benjamin D. , Vander Linden Marc , Klein Goldewijk Kees , Boles Oliver , Braconnot Pascale , Dawson Andria , Fluet-Chouinard Etienne , Kaplan Jed O. , Kastner Thomas , Pausata Francesco S. R. , Robinson Erick , Whitehouse Nicki J. , Madella Marco , Morrison Kathleen D. 
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Anthropogenic changes in land use and land cover (LULC) during the
pre-industrial Holocene could have affected regional and global climate.
Existing scenarios of LULC changes during the Holocene are based on
relatively simple assumptions and highly uncertain estimates of population
changes through time. Archaeological and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions have the potential to refine these assumptions and estimates. The Past Global Changes (PAGES) LandCover6k initiative is working towards improved reconstructions of LULC globally. In this paper, we document the types of archaeological data that are being collated and how they will be used to improve LULC reconstructions. Given the large methodological uncertainties involved, both in reconstructing LULC from the archaeological data and in implementing these reconstructions into global scenarios of LULC, we propose a protocol to evaluate the revised scenarios using independent pollen-based reconstructions of land cover and climate. Further evaluation of the revised scenarios involves carbon cycle model simulations to determine whether the LULC reconstructions are consistent with constraints provided by ice core records of CO2 evolution and modern-day LULC. Finally, the protocol outlines how the improved LULC reconstructions will be used in palaeoclimate simulations in the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project to quantify the magnitude of anthropogenic impacts on climate through time and ultimately to improve the realism of Holocene climate simulations.
Why Gender Equality in Policing is Important for Achieving United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 5 and 16
Authors: Sebire Jacqueline 
Published: March 2020

United Nations (UN) sustainable development goal 5 calls for the elimination of violence, and goal 16 calls for strong and stable judicial institutions (United Nations 2016). The composition and culture of a nation’s police force play an essential role in its ability to achieve these goals. Employing a diverse workforce, particularly in terms of female representation in all ranks within the policing command structure, is a vital determinant for setting a police force’s culture. However, many police forces remain as traditional, male-dominant hierarchical institutions (Rabe-Hemp 2018). In England and Wales, although the proportion of female police officers has reached 30.4 per cent of the police force, the progression of women to the highest police ranks has declined (Home Office 2019).
This article considers the influence that female representation can have within police forces on the effective management of domestic and sexually violent crimes that disproportionately affect women. It will highlight the barriers to female recruitment and their progression, as well as suggest a series of recommendations to improve opportunities for women in policing. In doing so, the article will consequently suggest improvements to women’s access to justice, thereby providing a platform for achieving these UN goals.
Representaciones sociales en el discurso fílmico salvadoreño
Authors: Meyer Claudia Reneé 
Published: March 2020

Este artículo aporta una primera aproximación al estudio de las narrativas de largometrajes salvadoreños de ficción estrenados en salas de cine en el país; esto con el propósito de identificar, a través del análisis de discurso fílmico, las representaciones sociales de la salvadoreñidad que puedan mostrarse a través del mismo, escogiendo para ello la película salvadoreña Malacrianza. Persigue describir la manera como en el cine de El Salvador se cuenta el país y de qué formas se cuenta: el cómo desde una industria cultural inmersa en la economía creativa, se puede construir un imaginario de nación; y cómo se ve representado un país en su cine de ficción, ya que en la ficción se construyen historias, a diferencia de los documentales que reflejan una visión de la realidad. Esto se realizó a través de un estudio cualitativo, haciendo uso de matrices de análisis ad hoc para los discursos fílmicos, integrando valores y elementos de cultura e identidad para identificar los sentidos y significados en la narración.
Improvement in Outpatient Follow-up With a Postdischarge Phone Call Intervention
Authors: Hendrickson Sarah B. , Simske Natasha M. , DaSilva Katia A. , Vallier Heather A. 
Published: March 2020

Introduction:
Attending clinic appointments after injury is crucial for orthopaedic trauma patients to evaluate healing and to update recommendations. However, attendance at these appointments is inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a personalized phone call placed 3 to 5 days after hospital discharge on attendance at the first postdischarge outpatient clinic visit.

Methods:
This prospective study was done at an urban level 1 trauma center. One hundred fifty-nine patients were exposed to a reminder phone call, with 33% of patients being reached for a conversation and 28% receiving a voicemail reminder. Phone calls were made by a trained trauma recovery coach, and the main outcome measure was attendance at the first postdischarge clinic visit.

Results:
Eighty-six patients (54%) attended their scheduled appointments. Appointment adherence was more common among the group reached for a conversation (70% versus 51% for voicemail cohort and 34% for no contact group). Patients exposed to the Trauma Recovery Services (TRS) during their hospital stay attended appointments more often (91% versus 61%, P = 0.026). Age, sex, mechanism of injury, and distance from the hospital were not associated with specific follow-up appointment adherence. Insured status was associated with higher attendance rates (71% versus 46%, P = 0.0036). Other economic factors such as employment were also indicative of attendance (64% versus 48%, P = 0.05). Current tobacco use was associated with poor appointment attendance (30%) versus 56% for nonsmokers (P = 0.001).

Discussion:
Patients reached by telephone after discharge had better rates of subsequent clinic attendance. Economic factors and substance use appear vital to postoperative clinic visit compliance. Patients with met psychosocial needs, as identified by individuals with satisfactory emotional support, and exposure to TRS had the highest rates of postdischarge appointment attendance.
Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of Benzalkonium Ibuprofenate
Authors: Parambil Safna Hussan Kodakkat , Shahin Thayyil Mohamed , Shameera Ahamed Thaikadan , Muraleedharan Karuvanthodi 
Published: March 2020

The third-generation ionic liquids (ILs), which are being used to produce double active pharmaceutical ingredients (d-APIs) with tunable biological activity along with novel performance, enhancement, and delivery options, have been revolutionizing the area of drug discovery since the past few decades. Herein we report the in vitro antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of benzalkonium ibuprofenate (BaIb) that are being used as in-house d-API, with a particular focus on its interaction with respective protein target through molecular docking study. The evaluation of the biological activity of BaIb with the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory target at the molecular level revealed that the synthesized BaIb could be designed as a potential double active drug since it retains the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of its parent drugs, benzalkonium chloride (BaCl) and sodium ibuprofenate (NaIb), respectively.
Vertical distribution of megafauna on the Bering Sea slope based on ROV survey
Authors: Rybakova Elena , Galkin Sergey , Gebruk Andrey , Sanamyan Nadezhda , Martynov Alexander 
Published: March 2020

Video surveys were carried out during the 75th cruise of the RVAkademik M.A. Lavrentyev(June 2016) along the northern slope of the Volcanologists Massif, in the south-western Bering Sea. The seafloor was explored using the ROVComanche 18. Seven dives were performed in the depth range from 4,278 m to 349 m. Overall, about 180 species of megafauna were recognised. Fifteen types of megafauna communities corresponding to certain depth ranges were distinguished based on the most abundant taxa. Dominance changed with depth in the following order: the holothurianKolga kamchaticaat the maximum depth (4,277–4,278 m); the holothurianScotoplanes kurilensisat 3,610–2,790 m; the ophiuroidOphiura bathybiaat 3,030–2,910 m; benthic shrimps of the family Crangonidae at 2,910–2,290 m; the holothurianPaelopatides soleaat 2,650–2,290 m; benthic jellyfish from the family Rhopalonematidae at 2,470–2,130 m; the enteropneust Torquaratoridae at 2,290–1,830 m; the holothurianSynallactes chuniand the ophiuroid of the generaOphiuraandOphiocanthaat 1,830–1,750 m. At depths 1,750–720 m most of the megafauna was associated with live or dead colonies of the spongeFarreaspp. Depths 720–390 m were dominated by the coralHeteropolypus ritteriand/orCorallimorphus pilatus.At 390–350 m depth, the shallowest depth range, the dominant taxon was the zoantharianEpizoanthussp. Soft sediment megafauna communities dominated by torquaratorid enteropneusts to our knowledge have not been observed before in the deep-sea, the same as communities with a dominance of benthopelagic rhopalonematid jellyfish. The depths of the largest community changes, or the largest turnover of dominant species, were revealed at ∼2,790 m between the bathyal and abyssal zones and ∼1,750 m and ∼720 m within the bathyal zone.