bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)
Authors: Cui Xiaojian , Zhao Zhihu , Zhang Tongqiang , Guo Wei , Guo Wenwei , Zheng Jiafeng , Zhang Jiayi , Dong Cuicui , Na Ren , Zheng Lisheng , Li Wenliang , Liu Zihui , Ma Jia , Wang Jinhu , He Sijia , Xu Yongsheng , Si Ping , Shen Yongming , Cai Chunquan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractTo provide a comprehensive and systematic analysis of demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in pediatric patients. A meta‐analysis was carried out to identify studies on COVID‐19 from 25 December 2019 to 30 April 2020. A total of 48 studies with 5829 pediatric patients were included. Children of all ages were at risk for COVID‐19. The main illness classification ranged as: 20% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14%‐26%; I2 = 91.4%) asymptomatic, 33% (95% CI: 23%‐43%; I2 = 95.6%) mild and 51% (95% CI: 42%‐61%; I2 = 93.4%) moderate. The typical clinical manifestations were fever 51% (95% CI: 45%‐57%; I2 = 78.9%) and cough 41% (95% CI: 35%‐47%, I2 = 81.0%). The common laboratory findings were normal white blood cell 69% (95% CI: 64%‐75%; I2 = 58.5%), lymphopenia 16% (95% CI: 11%‐21%; I2 = 76.9%) and elevated creatine‐kinase MB 37% (95% CI: 25%‐48%; I2 = 59.0%). The frequent imaging features were normal images 41% (95% CI: 30%‐52%; I2 = 93.4%) and ground‐glass opacity 36% (95% CI: 25%‐47%; I2 = 92.9%). Among children under 1 year old, critical cases account for 14% (95% CI: 13%‐34%; I2 = 37.3%) that should be of concern. In addition, vomiting occurred in 33% (95% CI: 18%‐67%; I2 = 0.0%) cases that may also need attention. Pediatric patients with COVID‐19 may experience milder illness with atypical clinical manifestations and rare lymphopenia. High incidence of critical illness and vomiting symptoms reward attention in children under 1 year old.
Adaptation and transcultural translation into Spanish of the Patient‐Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation Questionnaire
Authors: Gallego‐Izquierdo Tomás , Ruiz‐Vindel Juan , Ferragut‐Garcías Alejandro , Martínez‐Merinero Patricia , Montañez‐Aguilera Francisco J. , Noriega‐Matanza Concha , Achalandabaso‐Ochoa Alexander , Pecos‐Martín Daniel 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to perform the translation and cross‐cultural adaptation of the Patient‐Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation Questionnaire to Spanish language and evaluate its reliability and validity. The translation and cultural adaptation into Spanish was done in accordance with the published guidelines. One‐hundred fifty Spanish‐speaking patients with unilateral chronic lateral epicondylalgia competed the questionnaire. Test‐retest reliability was established by the intraclass correlation coefficient. Internal consistency was established with Cronbach's α. To establish convergent validity, we used the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire using the Spearman's correlation coefficient. Error estimation in the measurements was calculated with the standard error of measurement. Our results showed a high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .96) and high test‐retest reliability (intraclass coefficient = .9; .89‐.94; P < .001). The Spearman's correlation coefficient (r = .765; P < .001) showed a good relationship between the Spanish version of the Patient‐Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation Questionnaire and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire. The standard error of measurement (11.9%) showed little variability of measurements. In conclusion, the Spanish version of the Patient‐Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation Questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to assess lateral epicondylalgia in Spanish‐speaking individuals in order to implement the best treatment and reduce time with pain and disability.
Frog leg lateral view is a reliable predictor of the prognosis in osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Cheng Weike , Xian Hang , Wang Lei , Luo Deqing , Huang Zemao , Lian Kejian , Lin Dasheng 
Published: August 2020

AbstractThe location and size of necrotic lesions are primary factors that predict the prognosis in osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). The Japanese Investigation Committee (JIC) classification system, based on the location of the necrotic lesion, has been widely accepted and applied around the world. However, there is no report about whether the location of the necrotic area in lateral view may affect the prognosis predicted initially by the JIC classification. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the location of the necrotic area in the frog leg lateral (FL) view would affect the prediction of prognosis for patients with ONFH. We retrospectively studied 90 hips in 76 patients with ONFH (Ficat stage I to II) after a mean follow‐up of 35.3 months. All patients received standard radiographs including an anteroposterior (AP) and a FL view of the affected hip. The percentage of the necrotic area (necrotic area/whole femoral head area) was measured and compared between AP and FL view. Hips with ONFH were categorized using the JIC classification and the FL view type system, and inter‐ and intraobserver reliability was compared between them. All patients underwent personalized hip physiotherapy, and the cumulative survival rate with subsequent collapse and/or requirement for further hip surgery as the endpoints was evaluated for the two classification systems. The percentage of the necrotic area was found to be significantly greater in the FL views (47.0 ± 1.5%) than that in the AP views (37.7 ± 1.7%, P < .01). Intraobserver reliability in the JIC classification (mean: 0.91, range: 0.85‐0.98) was higher than that in the FL view type (mean: 0.77, range: 0.63‐0.89; P < .01), as well as the interobserver reliability in the JIC classification (mean: 0.74, range: 0.38‐0.87) was higher than that in the FL view type (mean: 0.58, range: 0.31‐0.76; P < .01). Comparisons of survival curves showed that type III in FL view type had the worst prognosis than other two divisions, following the type II. The type I was likely to gain optimal outcomes. These findings provide evidence that the location to which necrosis extended in the FL view is a reliable indicator in predicting the prognosis of ONFH.
Snow microbiome functional analyses reveal novel aspects of microbial metabolism of complex organic compounds
Authors: Zhu Chengsheng , Miller Maximilian , Lusskin Nicholas , Bergk Pinto Benoît , Maccario Lorrie , Häggblom Max , Vogel Timothy , Larose Catherine , Bromberg Yana 
Published: August 2020

AbstractMicrobes active in extreme cold are not as well explored as those of other extreme environments. Studies have revealed a substantial microbial diversity and identified cold‐specific microbiome molecular functions. We analyzed the metagenomes and metatranscriptomes of 20 snow samples collected in early and late spring in Svalbard, Norway using mi‐faser, our read‐based computational microbiome function annotation tool. Our results reveal a more diverse microbiome functional capacity and activity in the early‐ vs. late‐spring samples. We also find that functional dissimilarity between the same‐sample metagenomes and metatranscriptomes is significantly higher in early than late spring samples. These findings suggest that early spring samples may contain a larger fraction of DNA of dormant (or dead) organisms, while late spring samples reflect a new, metabolically active community. We further show that the abundance of sequencing reads mapping to the fatty acid synthesis‐related microbial pathways in late spring metagenomes and metatranscriptomes is significantly correlated with the organic acid levels measured in these samples. Similarly, the organic acid levels correlate with the pathway read abundances of geraniol degradation and inversely correlate with those of styrene degradation, suggesting a possible nutrient change. Our study thus highlights the activity of microbial degradation pathways of complex organic compounds previously unreported at low temperatures.
Penetrance of Glucocerebrosidase (GBA) Mutations in Parkinson's Disease: A Kin Cohort Study
Authors: Balestrino Roberta , Tunesi Sara , Tesei Silvana , Lopiano Leonardo , Zecchinelli Anna L. , Goldwurm Stefano 
Published: August 2020

AbstractBackgroundHomozygous glucocerebrosidase mutations cause Gaucher disease, whereas heterozygous mutations are the most important genetic risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD). The penetrance of heterozygous glucocerebrosidase mutations for PD is variable (10%–30%), depends on the population studied, and has only been assessed in Gaucher disease or familial PD. The aim of this study was to assess the penetrance of glucocerebrosidase mutations in PD in unselected PD patients.MethodsThe penetrance of glucocerebrosidase mutations was estimated using the kin‐cohort method.ResultsData on family history were available for 63 of 123 PD glucocerebrosidase mutation carriers, identified among 2843 unrelated consecutive PD patients. Three hundred eighty‐one first‐degree relatives were analyzed. The risk of developing PD was 10% at 60 years, 16% at 70 years, and 19% at 80 years.ConclusionsThe estimated penetrance of glucocerebrosidase mutations in unselected PD patients is higher than that estimated in Gaucher disease cohorts and lower than that estimated in familial PD cohorts. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Customer‐centric category selection for mobile and print promotions in loyalty reward programs
Authors: von Mutius Bernhard , Huchzermeier Arnd 
Published: August 2020

AbstractIn their loyalty reward programs, large retailers adopt category‐specific targeted promotions as an effective means to increase shoppers' basket values. However, neither the literature nor observed marketing practice provides category selection methods that maximize the promotion's profitability. Hence, we provide a predictive customer‐centric category selection approach based on the return on marketing investment measure that accommodates both fixed and variable promotion costs, captures cherry‐picking effects, and encompasses the retailer's entire category assortment. We use a real‐world promotional data set from a leading German retailer to show that our approach predicts customer responses to these promotions with high out‐of‐sample accuracy tested over time and also across promotion frequencies. We find that the most promising categories in mobile promotions maximize cross‐category profits to curtail cherry‐picking and boost the sales of nonpromoted items—that is, the profitability‐driving part of the profit uplift. In contrast, the different cost structure of print promotions requires that categories achieve a high (but not too high) redemption rate, as cross‐category profit declines, in order to recoup customer contacting costs. Our benchmark analysis reveals that current marketing practice fails to hit the profitability functions' “sweet spot” and can even work against the retailer by producing negative returns.
Food Insecurity, the Home Food Environment, and Parent Feeding Practices in the Era of COVID‐19
Authors: Adams Elizabeth L. , Caccavale Laura J. , Smith Danyel , Bean Melanie K. 
Published: August 2020

ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe changes in families’ home food environment and parent feeding practices, from before to during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, and examine whether changes differed by food security status.MethodsParents (N = 584) in the US completed a single online survey, reporting on food security, home food availability, and feeding practices both retrospectively (considering before COVID‐19) and currently (during COVID‐19). χ2 and univariate regressions examined associations by food security status.ResultsThe percent of families reporting very low food security increased by 20% from before to during COVID‐19 (P < 0.01). About one‐third of families increased the amount of high‐calorie snack foods, desserts/sweets, and fresh foods in their home; 47% increased nonperishable processed foods. Concern about child overweight increased during COVID‐19, with a greater increase for food‐insecure versus food‐secure parents (P < 0.01). Use of restriction, pressure to eat, and monitoring increased, with a greater increase in pressure to eat for parents with food insecurity compared with food‐secure parents (P < 0.05).ConclusionsDuring COVID‐19, increases in very low food security and changes in the home food environment and parent feeding practices were observed. Results highlight the need to address negative impacts of COVID‐19 on children’s obesity risk, particularly among those facing health disparities.
Comparative computational analysis of dispersive mixing in extension‐dominated mixers for single‐screw extruders
Authors: Pandey Vivek , Maia João M. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractEnhanced dispersive mixing can be achieved by harnessing extension‐dominated flows, because they are more efficient in agglomerate/droplet breakup than shear‐dominated flows. Herein, we compare computationally the performance of two single‐screw extrusion mixing sections with significant extensional flow components, the Chris Rauwendaal dispersive (CRD) mixer and the extensional mixing element (EME), recently proposed by the authors. Tapered slots in the CRD and hyperbolic contractions in the EME attempt to create extensional stresses through significant velocity gradients. Our studies confirm that EMEs are a better dispersive mixer than the CRD mixer, as they impose more intense and uniformly distributed extensional flow in a higher volume fraction of the material, and with less specific mechanical energy consumption. Overall, the EME design with a biaxial contraction was found to be the best dispersive mixer for single‐screw extruders (SSE). The manuscript also summarizes all the existing dispersive mixers for SSE and ranks them relatively for their dispersive mixing capability.
Poison ivy hairy root cultures enable a stable transformation system suitable for detailed investigation of urushiol metabolism
Authors: Lott Aneirin A. , Freed Catherine P. , Dickinson Christopher C. , Whitehead Susan R. , Collakova Eva , Jelesko John G. 
Published: August 2020

AbstractPoison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) is best known for causing exasperating allergenic delayed‐contact dermatitis symptoms that last for weeks on persons who have contacted the plant. Urushiols are alkylcatechols produced by poison ivy responsible for causing this dermatitis. While urushiol chemical structures are well known, the metabolic intermediates and genes responsible for their biosynthesis have not been experimentally validated. A molecular genetic characterization of urushiol biosynthesis in poison ivy will require stable genetic transformation and subsequent regeneration of organs that retain the capacity synthesize urushiol. To this end, Agrobacterium rhizogenes was used to generate hormone‐independent poison ivy hairy root cultures. Optimal conditions for hairy root formation were skotomorphic poison ivy hypocotyls prick‐inoculated with A. rhizogenes, and preferential propagation of cultures with an atypical clumpy hairy root growth habit. The origin of the poison ivy accession used for A. rhizogenes prick‐inoculation did not affect the initial formation of calli/hairy root primordia, but rather significantly influenced the establishment of long‐term hormone‐independent hairy root growth. A. rhizogenes harboring a recombinant T‐DNA binary plasmid with an intron‐containing Firefly Luciferase gene produced stable transgenic hairy root lines expressing luciferase activity at high frequency. Poison ivy hairy root lines produced significantly lower steady‐state urushiol levels relative to wild‐type roots, but higher urushiol levels than a poison ivy undifferentiated callus line with undetectable urushiol levels, suggesting that urushiol biosynthesis requires intact poison ivy organs. The lower urushiol levels in poison ivy hairy root lines facilitated the first identification of anacardic acid metabolites initially in hairy roots, and subsequently in wild‐type roots as well. This study establishes a transformation hairy root regeneration protocol for poison ivy that can serve as a platform for future reverse‐genetic studies of urushiol biosynthesis in poison ivy hairy roots.
Sliding mode estimation and closed‐loop active flow control under actuator uncertainty
Authors: Bhavithavya Kidambi Krishna , MacKunis William , Drakunov Sergey V. , Golubev Vladimir 
Published: August 2020

SummaryThis article presents a nonlinear closed‐loop active flow control (AFC) method, which achieves asymptotic regulation of a fluid flow velocity field in the presence of actuator uncertainty and sensor measurement limitations. To achieve the result, a reduced‐order model of the flow dynamics is derived, which utilizes proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to express the Navier‐Stokes equations as a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The reduced‐order model formally incorporates the actuation effects of synthetic jet actuators (SJA). Challenges inherent in the resulting POD‐based reduced‐order model include (1) the states are not directly measurable, (2) the measurement equation is in a nonstandard mathematical form, and (3) the SJA model contains parametric uncertainty. To address these challenges, a sliding mode observer (SMO) is designed to estimate the unmeasurable states in the reduced‐order model of the actuated flow field dynamics. A salient feature of the proposed SMO is that it formally compensates for the parametric uncertainty inherent in the SJA model. The SMO is rigorously proven to achieve local finite‐time estimation of the unmeasurable state in the presence of the parametric uncertainty in the SJA. The state estimates are then utilized in a nonlinear control law, which regulates the flow field velocity to a desired state. A Lyapunov‐based stability analysis is provided to prove local asymptotic regulation of the flow field velocity. To illustrate the performance of the proposed estimation and AFC method, comparative numerical simulation results are provided, which demonstrate the improved performance that is achieved by incorporating the uncertainty compensator.
Coculture techniques for modeling retinal development and disease, and enabling regenerative medicine
Authors: Ghareeb Ali E. , Lako Majlinda , Steel David H. 
Published: August 2020

Abstract
Stem cell-derived retinal organoids offer the opportunity to cure retinal degeneration of wide-ranging etiology either through the study of in vitro models or the generation of tissue for transplantation. However, despite much work in animals and several human pilot studies, satisfactory therapies have not been developed. Two major challenges for retinal regenerative medicine are (a) physical cell-cell interactions, which are critical to graft function, are not formed and (b) the host environment does not provide suitable queues for development. Several strategies offer to improve the delivery, integration, maturation, and functionality of cell transplantation. These include minimally invasive delivery, biocompatible material vehicles, retinal cell sheets, and optogenetics. Optimizing several variables in animal models is practically difficult, limited by anatomical and disease pathology which is often different to humans, and faces regulatory and ethical challenges. High-throughput methods are needed to experimentally optimize these variables. Retinal organoids will be important to the success of these models. In their current state, they do not incorporate a representative retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-photoreceptor interface nor vascular elements, which influence the neural retina phenotype directly and are known to be dysfunctional in common retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration. Advanced coculture techniques, which emulate the RPE-photoreceptor and RPE-Bruch’s-choriocapillaris interactions, can incorporate disease-specific, human retinal organoids and overcome these drawbacks. Herein, we review retinal coculture models of the neural retina, RPE, and choriocapillaris. We delineate the scientific need for such systems in the study of retinal organogenesis, disease modeling, and the optimization of regenerative cell therapies for retinal degeneration.

Significance statement The light-sensitive neural retina is nourished by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), while the choriocapillaris, a dense capillary network, supplies oxygen and metabolites. Coculture of these tissues is therefore required to understand normal retinal development and disease. Transplanted retinal precursors fail to fully integrate within host tissues and form the normal RPE-photoreceptor and RPE-choriocapillaris interactions which sustain vision. Coculture techniques will enable in vitro optimization of regenerative cell therapies for degenerative retinal diseases, forming a step to successful in vivo transplant experiments. Furthermore, coculture of neural retina, RPE, and choriocapillaris will facilitate the development of transplantable multitissue sheets.
Simultaneously Regulating the Ion Distribution and Electric Field to Achieve Dendrite‐Free Zn Anode
Authors: Zhang Qi , Luan Jingyi , Huang Xiaobing , Zhu Lin , Tang Yougen , Ji Xiaobo , Wang Haiyan 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRechargeable aqueous Zn‐ion batteries are promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage systems. However, there are many unresolved problems in commercial Zn foils such as dendrite growth and structural collapse. Herein, Cu mesh modified with CuO nanowires is constructed to simultaneously coordinate the ion distribution and electric field during Zn nucleation and growth. Owing to the improved uniformity of Zn plating and the confined Zn growth in the 3D framework, the prepared Zn anodes can be operated steadily in symmetrical cells for 340 h with a low voltage hysteresis (20 mV). This work can provide a new strategy to design the dendrite‐free Zn anodes for practical application.
Layered Oxide Cathode for Potassium‐Ion Battery: Recent Progress and Prospective
Authors: Zhang Xinyuan , Wei Zhixuan , Dinh Khang Ngoc , Chen Nan , Chen Gang , Du Fei , Yan Qingyu 
Published: August 2020

AbstractRechargeable potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) have demonstrated great potential as alternative technologies to the currently used lithium‐ion batteries on account of the competitive price and low redox potential of potassium which is advantageous to applications in the smart grid. As the critical component determining the energy density, appropriate cathode materials are of vital need for the realization of KIBs. Layered oxide cathodes are promising candidates for KIBs due to high reversible capacity, appropriate operating potential, and most importantly, facile and easily scalable synthesis. In light of this trend, the recent advancements and progress in layered oxides research for KIBs cathodes, covering material design, structural evolution, and electrochemical performance are comprehensively reviewed. The structure–performance correlation and some effective optimization strategies are also discussed. Furthermore, challenges and prospects of these layered cathodes are included, with the purpose of providing fresh impetus for future development of these materials for advanced energy storage systems.