bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting impacts of two types of El Niño on the yields of early rice in Southern China
Authors: Sun Runnan , Li Jianping , Feng Juan , Hou Zhaolu , Zhang Yazhou 
Published: January 2020

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) production in southern China (SC) is important to Chinese food security and sensitive to climate change. This study investigates the contrasting effects of eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño and central Pacific (CP) El Niño on early rice yields in SC during boreal early summer (May–June–July, or MJJ) for the first time. During EP El Niño events, early rice yields usually exhibit a moderate increase across the entire SC region, whereas during CP El Niño events the yields decrease in about two‐thirds of the region. The increase and decrease of yields correspond to .86 and 1.54% of the mean total yield during the study period, respectively. The effects of EP and CP El Niño events on early rice yields are significantly different over nearly half of the harvested areas in SC. Their difference mainly derives from the variability in rainfall associated with the two types. During MJJ, EP events are accompanied by reduced rainfall across SC, which increases early rice yields. In contrast, CP events are accompanied by increased rainfall in northeastern SC, resulting in unfavorable growing conditions. Although temperature affects early rice yields in SC, it is not the major contributor to the yield differences. Our findings highlight the importance of investigating the impacts of both types of El Niño on crop yields separately; and provide a possible climatological mechanism, linking the different locations of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) with SC early rice yields differences, through atmospheric teleconnection effects on local climatic factors.
Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Monoclonal LGI1 Autoantibodies Increase Neuronal Excitability
Authors: Kornau Hans‐Christian , Kreye Jakob , Stumpf Alexander , Fukata Yuko , Parthier Daniel , Sammons Rosanna P. , Imbrosci Barbara , Kurpjuweit Sarah , Kowski Alexander B. , Fukata Masaki , Prüss Harald , Schmitz Dietmar 
Published: January 2020

ObjectiveLeucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis is the second most common antibody‐mediated encephalopathy, but insight into the intrathecal B‐cell autoimmune response, including clonal relationships, isotype distribution, frequency, and pathogenic effects of single LGI1 antibodies, has remained limited.MethodsWe cloned, expressed, and tested antibodies from 90 antibody‐secreting cells (ASCs) and B cells from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of several patients with LGI1 encephalitis.ResultsEighty‐four percent of the ASCs and 21% of the memory B cells encoded LGI1‐reactive antibodies, whereas reactivities to other brain epitopes were rare. All LGI1 antibodies were of IgG1, IgG2, or IgG4 isotype and had undergone affinity maturation. Seven of the overall 26 LGI1 antibodies efficiently blocked the interaction of LGI1 with its receptor ADAM22 in vitro, and their mean LGI1 signal on mouse brain sections was weak compared to the remaining, non–ADAM22‐competing antibodies. Nevertheless, both types of LGI1 antibodies increased the intrinsic cellular excitability and glutamatergic synaptic transmission of hippocampal CA3 neurons in slice cultures.InterpretationOur data show that the patients’ intrathecal B‐cell autoimmune response is dominated by LGI1 antibodies and that LGI1 antibodies alone are sufficient to promote neuronal excitability, a basis of seizure generation. Fundamental differences in target specificity and antibody hypermutations compared to the CSF autoantibody repertoire in N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis underline the clinical concept that autoimmune encephalitides are very distinct entities. Ann Neurol 2020;87:405–418
Regioselective Hydroalkylation and Arylalkylation of Alkynes by Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalysis: Application and Mechanism
Authors: Yue Huifeng , Zhu Chen , Kancherla Rajesh , Liu Fangying , Rueping Magnus 
Published: January 2020

AbstractAlkynes are an important class of organic molecules due to their utility as versatile building blocks in synthesis. Although efforts have been devoted to the difunctionalization of alkynes, general and practical strategies for the direct hydroalkylation and alkylarylation of terminal alkynes under mild reaction conditions are less explored. Herein, we report a photoredox/nickel dual‐catalyzed anti‐Markovnikov‐type hydroalkylation of terminal alkynes as well as a one‐pot arylalkylation of alkynes with alkyl carboxylic acids and aryl bromides via a three‐component cross‐coupling. The results indicate that the transformations proceed via a new mechanism involving a single‐electron transfer with subsequent energy‐transfer activation pathways. Moreover, steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence‐spectroscopy measurements, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and wavefunction analysis have been performed to give an insight into the catalytic cycle.
Palladium‐Catalysed C(sp3)−H Glycosylation for the Synthesis of C‐Alkyl Glycoamino Acids
Authors: Liu Yichu , Wang Yibing , Dai Wenhao , Huang Wei , Li Yingxia , Liu Hong 
Published: January 2020

AbstractWe have developed a highly efficient and practical approach for palladium‐catalyzed trifluoroacetate‐promoted N‐quinolylcarboxamide‐directed glycosylation of inert β‐C(sp3)−H bonds of N‐phthaloyl α‐amino acids with glycals under mild conditions. For the first time, C(sp3)−H activation for glycosylation was achieved to build C‐alkyl glycosides. This method facilitates the synthesis of various β‐substituted C‐alkyl glycoamino acids and offers a tool for glycopeptide synthesis.
Stimuli‐Responsive Circularly Polarized Organic Ultralong Room Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Li Hui , Li Huanhuan , Wang Wu , Tao Ye , Wang Shuang , Yang Qingqing , Jiang Yunbo , Zheng Chao , Huang Wei , Chen Runfeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPurely organic materials showing room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and ultralong RTP (OURTP) have recently attracted much attention. However, it is challenging to integrate circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) into RTP/OURTP. Here, we show a strategy to realize CPL‐active OURTP (CP‐OURTP) by binding an achiral phosphor group directly to the chiral center of an ester chain. Engineering of this flexible chiral chain enables efficient chirality transfer to carbazole aggregates, resulting in strong CP‐OURTP with a lifetime of over 0.6 s and dissymmetry factor of 2.3×10−3 after the conformation regulation upon photo‐activation. The realized CP‐OURTP is thus stable at room temperature but can be deactivated quickly at 50 °C to CP‐RTP with high CPL stability during the photo‐activation/thermal‐deactivation cycles. Based on this extraordinary photo/thermal‐responsive and highly reversible CP‐OURTP/RTP, a CPL‐featured lifetime‐encrypted combinational logic device has been successfully established.
“Panzerung” von Enzymen mit Metall‐organischen Gerüsten
Authors: Huang Siming , Kou Xiaoxue , Shen Jun , Chen Guosheng , Ouyang Gangfeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractZellfreie enzymatische Katalyse (CFEC) ist eine aufstrebende biotechnologische Methode, die es ermöglicht, biologische Umwandlungen in komplexen natürlichen Netzwerken zu imitieren. Dieser biomimetische Ansatz erlaubt es, Industrieprodukte wie Biokraftstoffe und biochemische Erzeugnisse auf umweltverträgliche Weise zu produzieren. Die größte Herausforderung bei der CFEC ist allerdings die Instabilität von Enzymen, die deren Effektivität und Lebensdauer in anspruchsvollen Anwendungen einschränkt. Die Immobilisierung von Enzymen in Festkörpern gilt als effiziente Strategie, um die zuvor beschriebenen Schwierigkeiten zu überwinden. Speziell die Entwicklung und Verwendung von rüstungsartigen, porösen Metall‐organischen Gerüsten (MOFs), welche die Enzyme exoskelettartig umschließen können, schützt die Enzyme nicht nur vor äußeren Einflüssen, sondern ermöglicht zusätzlich den Transport von Gastmolekülen über das poröse Netzwerk. Der vorliegende Kurzaufsatz stellt dieses biotechnologische Konzept, MOF‐umschlossene Enzyme und deren innovative Anwendungen vor.
“Armor‐Plating” Enzymes with Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
Authors: Huang Siming , Kou Xiaoxue , Shen Jun , Chen Guosheng , Ouyang Gangfeng 
Published: January 2020

AbstractCell‐free enzymatic catalysis (CFEC) is an emerging biotechnology that enable the biological transformations in complex natural networks to be imitated. This biomimetic approach allows industrial products such as biofuels and biochemical to be manufactured in a green manner. Nevertheless, the main challenge in CFEC is the poor stability, which restricts the effectiveness and lifetime of enzymes in sophisticated applications. Immobilization of the enzymes within solid carriers is considered an efficient strategy for addressing these obstacles. Specifically, putting an “armor‐like” porous metal–organic framework (MOF) exoskeleton tightly around the enzymes not only shields the enzymes against external stimulus, but also allows the selective transport of guests through the accessible porous network. Herein we present the concept of this biotechnology of MOF‐entrapped enzymes and its cutting‐edge applications.
Selective Synthesis of Z‐Cinnamyl Ethers and Cinnamyl Alcohols through Visible Light‐Promoted Photocatalytic E to Z Isomerization
Authors: Li Hengchao , Chen Hang , Zhou Yang , Huang Jin , Yi Jundan , Zhao Hongcai , Wang Wei , Jing Linhai 
Published: January 2020

AbstractA photocatalytic E to Z isomerization of alkenes using an iridium photosensitizer under mild reaction conditions is disclosed. This method provides scalable and efficient access to Z‐cinnamyl ether and allylic alcohol derivatives in high yields with excellent stereoselectivity. Importantly, this method also provides a powerful strategy for the selective synthesis of Z‐magnolol and honokiol derivatives possessing potential biological activity.
Committee Report: Key Performance Indicators for Nonrevenue Water—AWWA's 2020 Position
Authors:   AWWA Water Loss Control Committee
Published: January 2020

Key TakeawaysWater utilities use performance indicators in their efforts to control water loss.Citing flaws in traditional percentage indicators for nonrevenue water, AWWA favors other indicators—some in development, some already in use.AWWA outlines criteria for evaluating key performance indicators in its 2020 position statement.
Tucson Examines the Rate Impacts of Increased Water Efficiency and Finds Customer Savings
Authors: Rupprecht Candice , Allen Mary M. , Mayer Peter 
Published: January 2020

Key TakeawaysAvoided‐cost analysis, which shows financial savings accrued over time from demand management, is key to grasping the effects of conservation and water efficiency on customers’ utility bills in a time of rising water rates.Utility‐led conservation programs, community outreach, tiered rate structures, and steady technology advances have helped reduce water demands, positioning Tucson's water and wastewater services as more affordable and more resilient for the future.Intentional reductions in US per capita water use are attributable to various targeted and dispersed actions over many years at national, state, and local levels.
Growth Through Collaboration: Creating a Highly Effective Engineering Team
Authors: Groeneweg Ben , Wirtz Matthew 
Published: January 2020

Key TakeawaysRestructuring staff roles at a municipal utility fostered collaboration, improved staff performance, and prepared the agency for the changes ahead.In a time of funding constraints, meeting goals around needed capital investment projects meant developing professional staff to reduce reliance on consultants.Ongoing professional development of the utility's staff is building teams and individual talent to achieve greater productivity and cost savings.
Improving Meter Testing Procedures
Authors: Chadwick John R. , Weller Ryan P. , Barfuss Steven L. , Johnson Michael C. 
Published: January 2020

Key TakeawaysThrough sound meter‐testing methods, water utilities can better determine a meter's accuracy in measuring flow.In the interest of providing guidance to water utilities, a recent study was conducted to observe the ability of 12 utilities to accurately test meters, especially at low flow rates.A 2013 study was used as a model to continue investigation into how utilities test meters and how their procedures can improve.
Highly Concentrated KTFSI : Glyme Electrolytes for K/Bilayered‐V2O5 Batteries
Authors: Liu Xu , Elia Giuseppe Antonio , Gao Xinpei , Qin Bingsheng , Zhang Huang , Passerini Stefano 
Published: January 2020

AbstractHighly concentrated glyme‐based electrolytes are friendly to a series of negative electrodes for potassium‐based batteries, including potassium metal. However, their compatibility with positive electrodes has been rarely explored. In this work, the influence of the molar fraction of potassium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide dissolved in glyme on the cycling ability of K/bilayered‐V2O5 batteries has been investigated. At high salt concentration, the interaction between K+ ions with the glyme is strengthened, leading to a limited number of free glyme molecules. Therefore, the anodic decomposition of the electrolyte solvent, as well as the dissolution of the Al current collectors, is effectively suppressed, resulting in the improved cycling ability of the K/bilayered‐V2O5 cells. In these cells, the positive electrode active material exhibits reversible capacities of 93 and 57 mAh g−1 at specific current densities of 50 and 1000 mA g−1, respectively. After 200 charge‐discharge cycles at 500 mA g−1, the cell retains 94 % of the initial capacity. The promising rate performance and capacity retention demonstrate the importance of proper electrolyte engineering for the K/bilayered‐V2O5 batteries, and the good compatibility of highly concentrated glyme‐based electrolytes with positive electrode materials for potassium batteries.
Chemiluminescence of 3‐aminophthalic acid anion–hydrogen peroxide–cobalt (II)
Authors: Huang Kai , Sun Yonghua , Liu Lin , Hu Chaoyu 
Published: January 2020

AbstractThe 3‐aminophthalic acid anion is a light emitter in luminol chemiluminescence. In the present study, the chemiluminescence of the 3‐aminophthalic acid anion itself in the presence of hydrogen peroxide–cobalt (II) was studied. The results indicated that 3‐aminophthalic acid anion is highly chemiluminescent in the typical hydrogen peroxide–cobalt (II) system. The peak wavelength of this chemiluminescence and the kinetic profile of the 3‐aminophthalic acid anion–hydrogen peroxide–cobalt (II) reaction showed similarity with that of luminol, but the chemiluminescence of 3‐aminophthalic acid anion had a much lower background signal. In addition, the chemiluminescence mechanism of 3‐aminophthalic acid anion–hydrogen peroxide–cobalt (II) was also discussed and speculated as the interaction between 3‐aminophthalic acid anion and singlet oxygen.
Resistance and outcome expectations in cognitive‐behavioural therapy for generalised anxiety disorder
Authors: Mamedova Khuraman , Westra Henny A. , Constantino Michael J. , Shekarak Ghashghaei Nazanin , Antony Martin M. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractGreater client resistance has been consistently found to be negatively associated with outcome in psychotherapy. However, the pathways through which resistance impacts such outcomes are underexplored. Given that client outcome expectation (OE) has been identified as an important common factor in psychotherapy, the goals of the present study were to examine: (a) the impact of resistance on subsequent client and therapist OE (COE & TOE, respectively); and (b) whether COE and/or TOE mediate the relationship between resistance and outcome. These relationships were tested among 44 clients with severe generalised anxiety disorder treated with cognitive‐behavioural therapy in the context of a randomised controlled trial (Westra, Constantino, & Antony, 2016). Resistance was measured at a mid‐treatment session, and COE and TOE were assessed at baseline and immediately after the resistance session. Treatment outcome was measured via client‐rated worry severity at post‐treatment. As predicted, higher resistance was associated with lower subsequent COE and TOE; B = −.73, p < .001 and B = −.46, p < .001, respectively. In turn, lower post‐resistance COE predicted higher post‐treatment worry (B = −.5, p < .001), indicating mediation. In contrast, TOE did not mediate the relationship between resistance and outcome (B = −.02, p = .876). These results suggest that resistance can be demoralising to both clients and therapists. However, only lower client morale may be detrimental to therapy outcome. This study contributes to understanding outcome pathways through two common therapy processes.
Investigation of Anti‐Fatigue Effect and Simultaneous Determination of Eight Nucleosides in Different Parts of Velvet Antler in Red Deer and Sika Deer
Authors: Zhang Ping , Guo Zhenghong , Ma Lu , Wang Guiyan , Zhao Yuqing 
Published: January 2020

AbstractVelvet antler (VA) is crucial and precious nourishment in China and some countries in Southeast Asia and has excellent anti‐fatigue effect. The incidence of fatigue syndrome has increased gradually. VA can be a potential source of anti‐fatigue products. Therefore, we investigated the anti‐fatigue activity of different sections (upper, middle, and basal section) of VA from different species (red deer and sika deer) via loading swimming test in mice. Furthermore, nucleosides are one kind of active components in VA which could considerably reduce fatigue in mice. In order to explore whether the nucleosides are correlated with anti‐fatigue effect, the contents of eight nucleosides (uracil, cytidine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, thymine, inosine, guanosine, and adenosine) were determined simultaneously using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The results indicated that the swimming time in mice was increased from basal to upper section, which was consistent with the change trend of the total contents of eight nucleosides of VA. Therefore, we speculated that the contents of nucleosides in VA may affect its anti‐fatigue effect. Furthermore, the contents of nucleosides were also used as a reference for evaluating the quality of different parts of VA obtained from red and sika deer.
BciC‐Catalyzed C132‐Demethoxycarbonylation of Metal Pheophorbide a Alkyl Esters
Authors: Hirose Mitsuaki , Teramura Misato , Harada Jiro , Tamiaki Hitoshi 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBacteriochlorophyll c molecules self‐aggregate to form large oligomers in the core part of chlorosomes, which are the main light‐harvesting antenna systems of green photosynthetic bacteria. In the biosynthetic pathway of bacteriochlorophyll c, a BciC enzyme catalyzes the removal of the C132‐methoxycarbonyl group of chlorophyllide a, which possesses a free propionate residue at the C17‐position and a magnesium ion as the central metal. The in vitro C132‐demethoxycarbonylations of chlorophyll a derivatives with various alkyl propionate residues and central metals were examined by using the BciC enzyme derived from one green sulfur bacteria species, Chlorobaculum tepidum. The BciC enzymatic reactions of zinc pheophorbide a alkyl esters were gradually suppressed with an increase of the alkyl chain length in the C17‐propionate residue (from methyl to pentyl esters) and finally the hexyl ester became inactive for the BciC reaction. Although not only the zinc but also nickel and copper complexes were demethoxycarbonylated by the BciC enzyme, the reactions were largely dependent on the coordination ability of the central metals: Zn>Ni>Cu. The above substrate specificity indicates that the BciC enzyme would not bind directly to the carboxy group of chlorophyllide a, but would bind to its central magnesium to form the stereospecific complex of BciC with chlorophyllide a, giving pyrochlorophyllide a, which lacks the (132R)‐methoxycarbonyl group.
Physicochemical and morphological changes in corn grains and starch during the malting for Palomero and Puma varieties
Authors: Hernández‐Becerra Ezequiel , Contreras‐Jiménez Brenda , Vuelvas‐Solorzano Alma , Millan‐Malo Beatriz , Muñoz‐Torres Carolina , Oseguera‐Toledo Miguel E. , Rodriguez‐Garcia Mario E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and objectiveAlthough corn is the most consumed and studied cereal in Mexico as food, its potential in fermented beverage production is less considered. The objective was to study the morphological and physiochemical changes during malting for Palomero and Puma corns, and to compare them with malted barley to determine the potentials of this cereal in the beer industry.FindingsThe SEM images of the malted starches showed a selective enzymatic attack and germination rate and reducing sugars behaved as S‐shape (logistic curve). The X‐ray diffraction patterns showed that the process did not modify the crystalline structure of these starches. The pasting profile showed changes in the peak viscosity and final viscosity, associated with amylose degradation, debranching of amylopectin, and the increase in reducing sugars. The IR analysis showed that during the malting time, the lipids had a drastic change.ConclusionsSignificant changes were found in the nutrimental composition after malting such as loss in fat and carbohydrates, while no significant differences were found in protein and ashes. The SEM images of the malting showed a selective enzymatic attack, and X‐ray diffraction patterns showed that process does not modify the crystalline structure of this starch. Changes in the pasting profile indicate that the malting decreases the peak and final viscosity.Significance and noveltyThe X‐ray results clearly showed that the enzymatic attack takes place on the amorphous component of the starch, while in the case of corn the crystalline A‐type orthorhombic structure does not suffer any change. These results indicate that corn malt can be suitable for brewing purposes.
Effect of fermentation time on the physicochemical and functional properties of pea protein‐enriched flour fermented by Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger
Authors: Kumitch Hayley M. , Stone Andrea K. , Nickerson Michael T. , Korber Darren R. , Tanaka Takuji 
Published: January 2020

AbstractBackground and objectivesPea protein‐enriched flour (PPEF) was inoculated with Aspergillus oryzae NRRL 5,590 or Aspergillus niger NRRL 334 to obtain limited protein hydrolysis (0%–10%). Fermented PPEF was analyzed for surface properties, water hydration capacity (WHC), oil‐holding capacity (OHC), and nitrogen solubility and emulsification and foaming properties at pH values of 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0.FindingsThe surface charge of fermented PPEF increased over fermentation time for both fungi, whereas surface hydrophobicity decreased. In all samples, functionality (based on solubility, emulsification, and foaming) was greatest at pH 3.0 and 7.0 and lowest at pH 5.0. Fermented PPEF significantly decreased in solubility over fermentation time for both fungi, and in turn, the foaming properties were negatively impacted, whereas the emulsifying properties remained relatively unchanged. However, fermentation improved the water and oil binding properties of fermented PPEF; WHC increased from 1.46 to 2.03 g/g with A. oryzae, and OHC increased from 1.18 to 2.27 g/g with A. niger.ConclusionsFermentation of PPEF with A. oryzae or A. niger may be considered for applications requiring high WHC and OHC, respectively.Significance and noveltyFermented PPEF represents a novel protein material that should be further explored for specific food applications.
Primary biliary cholangitis presenting as acute ischemic stroke: A rare association
Authors: Park Bumsoo , Islam Sumaiya , Vemulapalli Raghavendra C. , Shreve Maria E. 
Published: January 2020

AbstractPrimary biliary cholangitis is associated with hyperlipidemia, but studies show that the condition does not increase cardiovascular risks. The case presents acute ischemic stroke with no underlying risk factors and subsequent new diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis, which can suggest possible association between primary biliary cholangitis and acute stroke.