bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of nutrient management recommendations and soil health indicators in southern Idaho
Authors: Leytem April B. , Rogers Christopher W. , Tarkalson David , Dungan Robert S. , Haney Richard L. , Moore Amber D. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractAdvanced soil tests can improve the estimation of plant available nutrients to better match fertilizer additions with plant needs and, in some cases, provide a measure of soil health. In the present study, 334 samples from four separate studies were evaluated using the Soil Health Tool (SHT) vs. the standard regional (University of Idaho [UI] Guidelines) method for determining fertilizer application, assuming a crop of spring irrigated wheat. Recommended N applications using the SHT were ∼138 kg ha−1 greater than the UI recommendations. Nitrogen mineralization predicted using the SHT (47 kg ha−1) was similar to the N mineralization value used in the regional methodology (50 kg ha−1). The P fertilizer recommendations were similar between the two methodologies with the SHT recommending, on average 4.7 kg ha−1 less P than the regional method. The lower P recommendation are likely due to a lack of accounting for the effects of high calcium carbonate levels on the P availability from fertilizers in this region. The soil health score (SHS) was correlated with measures of soil C but was not positively correlated to crop yield. In some instances, increasing SHS were correlated with decreases in crop quality as the addition of manure increased soil C but also created issues such as high salt contents and release of late season N. With modification to more accurately represent irrigation conditions and including sampling to greater soil depths, the SHT may be tailored to better estimate soil nutrient status and provide better fertilizer recommendations for the region.
Effect of topdress nitrogen rates applied based on growing degree days on winter wheat grain yield
Authors: Dhillon J.S. , Raun W.R. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe majority of in‐season nutrient management decisions for numerous crops are based on subjective morphological scales. The objective of this study was to establish whether a numerical scale based on growing degree days (GDDs > 0) utilizing weather science, could be used for N management in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). An incomplete factorial within a randomized complete block design (RCBD) was replicated three times, over a period of three growing seasons (2017−2019). The locations were Efaw near Stillwater, OK; and Perkins, OK. A total of 15 treatments were included where three treatments received pre‐plant N rates of 0, 90, and 120 kg N ha−1; and remaining treatments received topdress N of 30, 60, and 90 kg N ha−1 at 65, 80, 95, and 110 GDDs. Data collection included grain yield, grain protein concentration, and N uptake. Topdress application of N at 80−95 GDDs resulted in improved grain yields at 3 out of 6 site‐years. Grain protein concentration increased when N was applied topdress (90 kg N ha−1) at 110 GDDs (3 out of 6 site‐years). This work shows that an easier‐to‐use‐numerical‐scale based on GDDs (80−115) could be utilized for efficient topdress N application in winter wheat.
Modeling local and global spatial correlation in field‐scale experiments
Authors: Griffin Terry W. , Fitzgerald Glenn J. , Lowenberg‐DeBoer James , Barnes Edward M. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPrecision agriculture has renewed the interest of farmers and researchers to conduct on‐farm planned comparisons and researchers with respect to field‐scale research. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) yield monitor data collected on‐the‐go from planned field‐scale on‐farm experiments can be used to make improved decisions if analyzed appropriately. When farmers and researchers compare treatments implemented at larger block designs, treatment edge effects and spatial externalities need to be considered so that results are not biased. Spatial analysis methods are compared for field‐scale research using site‐specific data, paying due attention to local and global patterns of spatial correlation. Local spatial spillovers are explicitly modeled by spatial statistical techniques that led to improved farm management decisions in combination with the limited replication strip trial data farmers currently collect.
Neural and behavioral measures suggest that cognitive and affective functioning interactions mediate risk for psychosis‐proneness symptoms in youth with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Linton Samantha R. , Popa Abbie M. , Luck Steven J. , Bolden Khalima , Carter Cameron S. , Niendam Tara A. , Simon Tony J. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractBehavioral components of chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q), caused by the most common human microdeletion, include cognitive and adaptive functioning impairments, heightened anxiety, and an elevated risk of schizophrenia. We investigated how interactions between executive function and the largely overlooked factor of emotion regulation might relate to the incidence of symptoms of psychotic thinking in youth with 22q. We measured neural activity with event‐related potentials (ERPs) in variants of an inhibitory function (Go/No‐Go) experimental paradigm that presented affective or non‐affective stimuli. The study replicated inhibition impairments in the 22q group that were amplified in the presence of stimuli with negative, more than positive affective salience. Importantly, the anterior N2 conflict monitoring ERP significantly increased when youth with 22q viewed angry and happy facial expressions, unlike the typically developing participants. This suggests that youth with 22q may require greater conflict monitoring resources when controlling their behavior in response to highly salient social signals. This evidence of both behavioral and neurophysiological differences in affectively influenced inhibitory function suggests that frequently anxious youth with 22q may struggle more with cognitive control in emotionally charged social settings, which could influence their risk of developing symptoms of psychosis.
Complementary approach for analysis of phospholipids by liquid chromatography hyphenated to elemental and molecular mass spectrometry
Authors: Vosse Christian , Thyssen Georgina M. , Sperling Michael , Karst Uwe , Hayen Heiko 
Published: April 2020

AbstractPhospholipids are one of the most important lipid categories with multiple functions in biological systems. Their analysis can contribute to a better understanding of metabolomic and kinetic processes in living cells. Comprehensive methods based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry are available for phospholipid identification and quantification. However, quantification of phospholipids using electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry with internal standards is still challenging due to several reasons. In particular, the detector response of phospholipid species differs with variation of the head group as well as the fatty acid chain length and double bond number. Inductively coupled plasma‐tandem mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS/MS) provides an alternative approach for their absolute quantification with universal detector response for phosphorus independent of its chemical form and proportional to its quantity. Therefore, a quantification method based on compound‐independent calibration using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled to ICP‐MS/MS was developed. An inverse gradient system was implemented for constant mobile phase composition after HILIC separation, which provides steady plasma ionization conditions. Isobaric phosphorus interferences were decreased by using the oxygen reaction mode of the triple quadrupole based ICP‐MS/MS instrument. Complementary molecular information was obtained by ESI‐high‐resolution MS and MS/MS. The applicability of this approach was demonstrated in a proof of concept by complementary analysis of a total lipid extract of baker's yeast.
From brittle‐to‐ductile fracture of polymer composites: The incorporation of energy dissipation mechanisms by carbon nanotubes‐based multilayered interface
Authors: Fioravante André , de Oliveira Paula Campos , Siqueira Eder José , Vitorino Luísa Sá , Brito Pedro Paiva , Oréfice Rodrigo Lambert , Isaac Augusta 
Published: April 2020

AbstractInterfaces can have a great influence on the behavior and properties of polymer composites. In this work, the versatile and low‐cost layer‐by‐layer technique was used for depositing layers of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and poly(sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate) (PSS) containing oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT‐COOH) on the surface of woven glass fibers (GFs); and polypropylene composites containing the modified GFs were prepared by compression molding. The effect of this novel hybrid multilayered interface on the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of the GF reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites was systematically investigated. For that, in situ tensile tests of the composites were monitored by using the high‐resolution phase‐contrast tomography. We found that the GFRP composites with multilayered interface (GFRP multilayered) exhibited exceptional increase in ductility and fracture toughness (about 25 and 130%, respectively), when compared to the composites without interfacial modification (GFRP untreated). Whereas the failure characteristics of the GFRP‐untreated composites were typical of fragile systems (mainly, delamination), the GFRP‐multilayered exhibited additional toughening mechanisms such as crazing and fibrillation as result of the enhanced interfacial adhesion. Our results clearly indicate that the multilayered interface of PDDA/PSS/MWCNT‐COOH led to a more efficient load transfer from the matrix to the GFs, culminating with the brittle‐to‐ductile transition in the failure mode.
Synthesis, anti‐inflammatory activity, and molecular docking studies of some novel Mannich bases of the 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2(3H)‐thione scaffold
Authors: Ozyazici Tugce , Gurdal Enise E. , Orak Duygu , Sipahi Hande , Ercetin Tuba , Gulcan Hayrettin O. , Koksal Meric 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA series of novel ibuprofen and salicylic acid‐based 3,5‐disubstituted‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐2(3H)‐thione derivatives was synthesized, and they were evaluated as potential anti‐inflammatory agents. Following the structure identification studies employing IR, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C NMR, and elemental analysis, the title compounds were tested by cyclooxygenase (COX)‐1 and COX‐2 inhibition assays concomitant to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin production prevention experiments. The results indicated that the majority of the compounds displayed either a superior or comparable activity in preventing both LPS‐induced NO production and COX‐1 activity in comparison to the activities of the reference molecules. Furthermore, docking studies were also performed to reveal possible interactions with the COX enzymes.
Experience of Trauma and PTSD Symptoms in Autistic Adults: Risk of PTSD Development Following DSM‐5 and Non‐DSM‐5 Traumatic Life Events
Authors: Rumball Freya , Happé Francesca , Grey Nick 
Published: April 2020

Research to date suggests that individuals with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) may be at increased risk of developing post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following exposure to traumatic life events. It has been posited that characteristics of ASD may affect perceptions of trauma, with a wider range of life events acting as possible catalysts for PTSD development. This study set out to explore the nature of “trauma” for adults with ASD and the rates of self‐reported PTSD symptomatology following DSM‐5 and non‐DSM‐5 traumas—the latter being defined as those that would not meet the standard DSM‐5 PTSD trauma Criterion A. Fifty‐nine adults with ASD who reported exposure to traumatic events took part in the study, which involved completing a series of online questionnaires. Thirty‐three individuals reported experiencing a “DSM‐5” traumatic event (i.e., an event meeting DSM‐5 PTSD Criterion A) and 35 reported a “non‐DSM‐5” traumautic event. Trauma‐exposed ASD adults were found to be at increased risk of PTSD development, compared to previous general population statistics, with PTSD symptom scores crossing thresholds suggestive of probable PTSD diagnosis for more than 40% of ASD individuals following DSM‐5 or non‐DSM‐5 traumas. A broader range of life events appear to be experienced as traumatic and may act as a catalyst for PTSD development in adults with ASD. Assessment of trauma and PTSD symptomatology should consider possible non‐DSM‐5 traumas in this population, and PTSD diagnosis and treatment should not be withheld simply due to the atypicality of the experienced traumatic event.Lay SummaryThis study explored the experience of trauma and rates of probable post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). We asked 59 autistic adults to complete online questionnaires about their experiences of stressful or traumatic events and related mental health difficulties. Autistic adults experienced a wide range of life events as traumatic, with over 40% showing probable PTSD within the last month and over 60% reporting probable PTSD at some point in their lifetime. Many of the life events experienced as traumas would not be recognized in some current diagnostic systems, raising concerns that autistic people may not receive the help they need for likely PTSD.
Subcutaneous in situ gel delivered leuprolide acetate's consistent and prolonged drug delivery maintains effective testosterone suppression independent of age and weight in men with prostate cancer
Authors: Renzulli Joseph F. , Tagawa Scott T. , Atkinson Stuart N. , Boldt‐Houle Deborah M. , Moul Judd W. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the impact of patient age and weight on the pharmacokinetics (PK), testosterone (T) suppression and safety from four fixed dosing regimens (7.5, 22.5, 30, or 45 mg for 1‐, 3‐, 4‐, or 6‐months, respectively) of subcutaneous in situ gel delivered leuprolide acetate (Gel‐LA) injected via the ATRIGEL Delivery System in patients with prostate cancer (PCa).Patients and methodsTwo patient populations were specified for analysis: a small cohort of surgically castrated PCa patients and a large, pooled population of PCa patients from four pivotal trials of Gel‐LA. Two separate analyses of the impact of age and weight on study endpoints were conducted: (1) PK and safety of a single monthly dose of Gel‐LA in a Phase 1 study with PCa patients who had undergone bilateral surgical orchiectomy (“Bilaterally orchiectomized male study”); (2) PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) effects and safety using pooled data from four pivotal trials assessing 1‐, 3‐, 4‐, and 6‐month dosing of Gel‐LA in patients with advanced PCa, stratified by age and body weight (pivotal trials).ResultsEight orchiectomized patients from the “Bilaterally orchiectomized male study” and 438 patients from the pivotal trials were included in the analyses. Age and body weight did not appear to affect the PK results in the orchiectomized patient population. Pooled pivotal trial data showed that serum T levels did not appear to be influenced by age or weight; ≥90% of patients across all age groups and ≥92% of patients across all weight groups achieved T ≤ 50 ng/dL by week 4. Median T levels for castration (T ≤ 50 ng/dL) were maintained from week 3 until the end of the study and all subgroups achieved median T ≤ 20 ng/dL by week 4. Patients from the orchiectomized patient study did not report any serious treatment‐related adverse events (AEs) and there were no AE‐related withdrawals from the study. The most common AEs were hot flashes and injection site events. The safety profiles from pivotal trials have been previously described and, as expected, were consistent with known effects of LHRH agonist therapy and suppression of T levels.ConclusionPK and PD of Gel‐LA appear to be unaffected by age and body weight, as demonstrated by persistence of effective drug levels through the dosing period and consistent T suppression across different ages and body weights.
Noteworthy idiosyncrasies of 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 kinetics for extrapolation from mouse to man: Commentary
Authors: Noh Keumhan , Yang Qi Joy , Sekhon Lavtej , Quach Holly P. , Chow Edwin C.Y. , Pang K. Sandy 
Published: April 2020

AbstractCalcitriol or 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] is the active ligand of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) that plays a vital role in health and disease. Vitamin D is converted to the relatively inactive metabolite, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], by CYP27A1 and CYP2R1 in the liver, then to 1,25(OH)2D3 by a specific, mitochondrial enzyme, CYP27B1 (1α‐hydroxylase) that is present primarily in the kidney. The degradation of both metabolites is mostly carried out by the more ubiquitous mitochondrial enzyme, CYP24A1. Despite the fact that calcitriol inhibits its formation and degradation, allometric scaling revealed strong interspecies correlation of the net calcitriol clearance (CL estimated from dose/AUC∞), production rate (PR), and basal, plasma calcitriol concentration with body weight (BW). PBPK‐PD (physiologically based pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic) modeling confirmed the dynamic interactions between calcitriol and Cyp27b1/Cyp24a1 on the decrease in the PR and increase in CL in mice. Close scrutiny of the literature revealed that basal levels of calcitriol had not been taken into consideration for estimating the correct AUC∞ and CL after exogenous calcitriol dosing in both animals and humans, leading to an overestimation of AUC∞ and underestimation of the plasma CL. In humans, CL was decreased in chronic kidney disease but increased in cancer. Collectively, careful pharmacokinetic data analysis and improved definition are achieved with PBPK‐PD modeling, which embellishes the complexity of dose, enzyme regulation, and disease conditions. Allometric scaling and PBPK‐PD modeling were applied successfully to extend the PBPK model to predict calcitriol kinetics in cancer patients.
A review of the uses of virtual reality in engineering education
Authors: di Lanzo Jaiden A. , Valentine Andrew , Sohel Ferdous , Yapp Angie Y. T. , Muparadzi Kudakwashe C. , Abdelmalek Merkorios 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe use of virtual environments as pedagogical tools within the domain of education has become an increasingly popular phenomenon over the last few decades especially. However, the uses and effects of virtual environments as pedagogical tools within the specific domain of engineering education have not been explored in extensive detail. The limited body of current research regarding the uses of virtual environments in engineering education affords a unique opportunity. This review provides an overview and synthesis of the uses of virtual reality within the domain of engineering education through the systematic analysis of journal articles and conference proceedings published across two databases (IEEE Xplore and Scopus) between 2015 and 2019. In summary, 17 studies were analysed utilising a systematic approach and using a coding scheme including four main categories and 12 binary items. The findings indicate an escalation in the use of virtual classroom environments as supplementary to traditional teaching environments, as well as reported substantial benefits to cognitive and skill‐based learning outcomes. The findings suggest that evaluation metrics and processes that lack clarity, together with unrealistic virtual scenarios and small evaluation sample sizes, may confound comparison and, hence, the reported substantive and beneficial use of virtual reality environments in engineering education. Scholars and educators within the domain of engineering education should continue investigating the uses and merits of virtual reality environments as pedagogical tools, taking these issues into consideration.
Sex‐dependent least toxic timing of irinotecan combined with chronomodulated chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: Randomized multicenter EORTC 05011 trial
Authors: Innominato Pasquale F. , Ballesta Annabelle , Huang Qi , Focan Christian , Chollet Philippe , Karaboué Abdoulaye , Giacchetti Sylvie , Bouchahda Mohamed , Adam René , Garufi Carlo , Lévi Francis A. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractThe least toxic time (LTT) of irinotecan varied by up to 8 hours according to sex and genetic background in mice. The translational relevance was investigated within a randomized trial dataset, where no LTT stood out significantly in the whole population.130 male and 63 female eligible patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were randomized to receive chronomodulated Irinotecan with peak delivery rate at 1 of 6 clock hours staggered by 4 hours on day 1, then fixed‐time chronomodulated Fluorouracil‐Leucovorin‐Oxaliplatin for 4 days, q3 weeks. The sex‐specific circadian characteristics of grade (G) 3‐4 toxicities were mapped with cosinor and time*sex interactions confirmed with Fisher's exact test.Baseline characteristics of male or female patients were similar in the six treatment groups. Main grade 3‐4 toxicities over six courses were diarrhea (males vs females, 39.2%; vs 46.0%), neutropenia (15.6% vs 15.0%), fatigue (11.5% vs 15.9%), and anorexia (10.0% vs 7.8%). They were reduced following irinotecan peak delivery in the morning for males, but in the afternoon for females, with statistically significant rhythms (P < .05 from cosinor) and sex*timing interactions (Fisher's exact test, diarrhea, P = .023; neutropenia, P = .015; fatigue, P = .062; anorexia, P = .032). Irinotecan timing was most critical for females, with grades 3‐4 ranging from 55.2% of the patients (morning) to 29.4% (afternoon) for diarrhea, and from 25.9% (morning) to 0% (afternoon) for neutropenia.The study results support irinotecan administration in the morning for males and in the afternoon for females, in order to minimize adverse events without impairing efficacy.
Lifestyle associated factors and risk of urinary bladder cancer: A prospective cohort study from Norway
Authors: Hektoen Helga H. , Robsahm Trude E. , Andreassen Bettina K. , Stenehjem Jo S. , Axcrona Karol , Mondul Alison , Gislefoss Randi E. 
Published: April 2020

AbstractA number of lifestyle associated factors, such as high body mass index (BMI), low physical activity, and related metabolic disorders, are associated with increased risk of cancer at several sites. For urinary bladder cancer (BC), such studies show inconsistent results, which could result from inadequate adjustment for smoking and occupational exposure. In the population‐based Janus Cohort (n = 292 851), we investigated the independent and combined impact of BMI, physical activity, blood pressure, and blood lipids on the risk of BC, by thorough adjustment for smoking and potential occupational exposure. We used cox proportional hazard regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between the lifestyle associated factors and BC risk. The associations observed were dependent on smoking status and gender. Among men, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02‐1.12) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01‐1.07) were positively associated with BC risk. Stratification by smoking status revealed a positive association between DBP and BC risk in never smokers (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.00‐1.30), while no association was seen for current and former smokers. A risk score, integrating information across the lifestyle factors was positively associated with BC risk in men (ptrend = 0.043). In women, physical activity was associated with a decreased BC risk, but only among never smokers (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45‐0.94). In conclusion, relations between lifestyle associated factors and BC risk were most evident in never smokers, suggesting that smoking dominates the relation in current smokers.