bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High porosity and light weight graphene foam heat sink and phase change material container for thermal management
Authors: Zehri Abdelhafid , Samani Majid Kabiri , Latorre Martí Gutierrez , Nylander Andreas , Nilsson Torbjörn , Fu Yifeng , Wang Nan , Ye Lilei , Liu Johan 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
During the last decade, graphene foam emerged as a promising high porosity 3-dimensional (3D) structure for various applications. More specifically, it has attracted significant interest as a solution for thermal management in electronics. In this study, we investigate the possibility to use such porous materials as a heat sink and a container for a phase change material (PCM). Graphene foam (GF) was produced using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process and attached to a thermal test chip using sintered silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The thermal conductivity of the graphene foam reached 1.3 W m−1 K−1, while the addition of Ag as a graphene foam silver composite (GF/Ag) enhanced further its effective thermal conductivity by 54%. Comparatively to nickel foam, GF and GF/Ag showed lower junction temperatures thanks to higher effective thermal conductivity and a better contact. A finite element model was developed to simulate the fluid flow through the foam structure model and showed a positive and a non-negligible contributions of the secondary microchannel within the graphene foam. A ratio of 15 times was found between the convective heat flux within the primary and secondary microchannel. Our paper successfully demonstrates the possibility of using such 3D porous material as a PCM container and heat sink and highlight the advantage of using the carbon-based high porosity material to take advantage of its additional secondary porosity.
Near-zero contact force atomic force microscopy investigations using active electromagnetic cantilevers
Authors: Świadkowski B , Majstrzyk W , Kunicki P , Sierakowski A , Gotszalk T 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) belongs to the high resolution and high sensitivity surface imaging technologies. In this method force interactions between the tip and the surface are observed to characterize sample properties. In the so-called contact AFM (C AFM) mode the tip is brought into continuous contact with the sample. Significant progress in the AFM technology can be obtained, when the so-called active cantilever technology is implemented in the surface measurements. The built-in deflection actuator enables very precise excitation of the cantilever. Moreover, as the mass of the beam is very small the static beam displacement can be controlled in the wide frequency range. In the experiments, which we describe in this article, we applied the so called active electromagnetic cantilevers. They integrate a conductive loop which, when immersed in the magnetic field and biased with electric current, acts as an electromagnetic deflection actuator. The induced and precisely estimated Lorentz force, which is a function of bias current, cantilever geometry and magnetic field makes the cantilever deflect. Moreover, the probe stiffness can be calibrated with lower uncertainty as in the case of standard thermomechanical analysis. NZ AFM technology required application of a novel control algorithm, called PredPID, in which the cantilever bending caused by a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) block maintaining the constant load force was predicted.
Magnetic field induced symmetry breaking in nonequilibrium quantum networks
Authors: Thingna Juzar , Manzano Daniel , Cao Jianshu 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We study the effect of an applied magnetic field on the nonequilibrium transport properties of a general cubic quantum network described by a tight-binding Hamiltonian with specially designed couplings to the leads that preserve open-system symmetries. We demonstrate that the symmetry of open systems can be manipulated by the direction of the magnetic field. Starting with all the symmetries preserved in absence of a field, the anisotropic and isotropic fields systematically break the symmetries, influencing all nonequilibrium properties. For simple cubic systems, we are able to identify the steady states that comprise of pure states, bath-dependent states (nonequilibrium steady states), and also nonphysical states. As an application, we show numerically for large cubic networks that the symmetry breaking can control nonequilibrium currents and that different environmental interactions can lead to novel features which can be engineered in artificial super-lattices and cold atoms.
Quantum probing beyond pure dephasing
Authors: Tamascelli Dario , Benedetti Claudia , Breuer Heinz-Peter , Paris Matteo G A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Quantum probing is the art of exploiting simple quantum systems interacting with a complex environment to extract precise information about some environmental parameters, e.g. the temperature of the environment or its spectral density. Here we analyze the performance of a single-qubit probe in characterizing Ohmic bosonic environments at thermal equilibrium. In particular, we analyze the effects of tuning the interaction Hamiltonian between the probe and the environment, going beyond the traditional paradigm of pure dephasing. In the weak-coupling and short-time regime, we address the dynamics of the probe analytically, whereas numerical simulations are employed in the strong coupling and long-time regime. We then evaluate the quantum Fisher information for the estimation of the cutoff frequency and the temperature of the environment. Our results provide clear evidence that pure dephasing is not optimal, unless we focus attention to short times. In particular, we found several working regimes where the presence of a transverse interaction improves the maximum attainable precision, i.e. it increases the quantum Fisher information. We also explore the role of the initial state of the probe and of the probe characteristic frequency in determining the estimation precision, thus providing quantitative guidelines to design optimized detection to characterize bosonic environments at the quantum level.
Exchange-mediated magnetic blue-shift of the band-gap energy in the antiferromagnetic semiconductor MnTe
Authors: Bossini D , Terschanski M , Mertens F , Springholz G , Bonanni A , Uhrig G S , Cinchetti M 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
In magnetic semiconductors the optical spectrum and, in particular, the absorption edge representing the band-gap are strongly affected by the onset of the magnetic order. This contribution to the band-gap energy has hitherto been described theoretically in terms of a Heisenberg Hamiltonian, in which a delocalized conduction carrier is coupled to the localized magnetic moments by the exchange interaction. Such models, however, do not take into account the strong correlations displayed in a wide variety of magnetic semiconductors, which are responsible for the formation of the local moments. In particular, the itinerant carrier itself contributes to the spin moment. Here, we overcome this simplification in a combined experimental and theoretical study of the antiferromagnetic semiconductor α-MnTe. First, we present a spectroscopic optical investigation as a function of temperature, from which we extract the magnetic contribution to the blue-shift of the band-gap. Second, we formulate a minimal model based on a Hubbard–Kondo Hamiltonian. In this model, the itinerant charge is one of the electrons forming the localized magnetic moment, which properly captures correlation effects in the material. Our theory reproduces the experimental findings with excellent quantitative agreement, demonstrating that the magnetic contribution to the band-gap energy of α-MnTe is mediated solely by the exchange interaction. These results describe an intrinsic property of the material, independent of the thickness, substrate and capping layer of the specimen. One of the key findings of the model is that the basic effect, namely a blue-shift of the band-gap due to the establishment of the magnetic order, is a general phenomenon in charge-transfer insulators. The identification of the relevant magnetic interaction discloses the possibility to exploit the effect here discussed to induce a novel regime of coherent spin dynamics, in which spin oscillations on a characteristic time-scale of 100 fs are triggered and are intrinsically coupled to charges.
Formation region of emitted α and heavier particles inside radioactive nuclei
Authors: Seif W. M. , Abdelhady A. M. H. 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
We investigate the formation distance (R
0) from the center of the radioactive parent nucleus at which the emitted cluster is most probably formed. The calculations are performed microscopically starting with the solution to the time-independent Schrödinger wave equation for the cluster-core system, using nuclear potentials based on the Skyrme-SLy4 nucleon-nucleon interactions and folding Coulomb potential, to determine the incident and transmitted wave functions of the system. Our results show that the emitted cluster is mostly formed in the pre-surface region of the nucleus, under the effect of Pauli blocking from the saturated core density. The deeper α-formation distance inside the nucleus allows less preformation probability and indicates a more stable nucleus for a longer half-life. Furthermore, the α-particle tends to be formed at a slightly deeper region inside the nuclei, with larger isospin asymmetry, and in the closed shell nuclei. Regarding the heavy clusters, we observed that the formation distance of the emitted clusters heavier than α-particle increased via increasing the isospin asymmetry of the formed cluster rather than by increasing its mass number. The partial half-life of a certain cluster-decay mode increased with increase of either the mass number or the isospin asymmetry of the emitted cluster.
Nonlinear chiral molecular photonics using twisted light: hyper-Rayleigh and hyper-Raman optical activity
Authors: Forbes Kayn A 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
Chiroptical and optical activity effects involve differential interactions between matter and light. Generally this involves chiral molecules absorbing or scattering right- and left-handed circularly polarized photons at different rates due to the chiroptical interplay of molecular and optical chirality. Laser light which propagates with a helical phase and twisted wavefront possesses optical orbital angular momentum. These optical vortices can twist either clockwise or anticlockwise, and as such they exhibit an optical handedness or chirality completely distinct from that of circular polarization. It has recently been established that the linear optical effects of single-photon absorption and scattering can exhibit optical activity and chiroptical interactions with respect to the optical vortex handedness. Here a fundamental mechanism of optical activity for twisted light is exhibited in nonlinear processes, with specific emphasis on hyper-Rayleigh and hyper-Raman scattering. In comparison to unstructured or plane-wave light, it is shown that using twisted photons produces novel scattering mechanisms dependent on parameters unique to optical vortex beams. Specifically, the scattered intensity for both hyper-Rayleigh and hyper-Raman optical activity is dependent on the sign and magnitude of the OAM of the incident twisted photons, as well as the transverse position of the chiral scatterer. Moreover, symmetry analysis reveals that, unlike the recently discovered linear optical activity effects with optical vortices, nonlinear scattering of twisted light by chiral molecules leads to a modification of scattering through uniquely weighted individual hyperpolarizability contributions.
Ag nanoparticle decorated Sb2O3 thin film: synthesis, characterizations and application
Authors: Divya K V , Abraham K E 
Published: June 2020

Abstract
The property modifications in a thin film when its surface undergoes a nanoparticle decoration process in addition to its surface nanostructuring are investigated this paper. In specific, it describes the property modifications of antimony trioxide and its annealed variant, when their surface is decorated with Ag nanoparticles. Along with the modifications brought to the thin films, the morphology variations or agglomeration effects happening to Ag nanoparticles through/after this decoration process is also discussed here. We observe a mutual tuning of morphology as well as properties of thin film and nanoparticles. A fractal like cluster formation of Ag nanoparticle on the surface of nanostructured Sb2O3 thin film was witnessed. Whereas on the surfaces of Sb2O3 (annealed) thin film and glass plate, clustering of Ag nanoparticle is found to be different. On annealed Sb2O3 thin film surface, instead of forming fractal clusters most of the Ag nanoparticles fill in the voids between the thorns like structure of the film. The surface modification highly influences the optical absorption as well as the hydrophilicity of antimony trioxide samples. Due to the introduction of Ag nanoparticle, the absorption of Sb2O3 thin film in the visible region increased. All the synthesized films have roughness coefficient >1 and all are hydrophilic in nature. Nano structured Sb2O3 thin film is extremely hydrophilic and they become hydrophilic due to the introduction of Ag nanoparticle. The filling of Ag nanoparticles in the voids between the thorn structures might have prevented the water droplet penetration into these voids. Consequently, a partial wetting occurs on the film surface. High SERS efficiency factor (EF) and good reproducibility of Ag/Sb2O3/Glass make it a good candidate for SERS application.
Racial Capitalism Within Public Health—How Occupational Settings Drive COVID-19 Disparities
Authors: McClure Elizabeth S , Vasudevan Pavithra , Bailey Zinzi , Patel Snehal , Robinson Whitney R 
Published: June 2020

AbstractEpidemiology of the US coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak focuses on individuals’ biology and behaviors, despite centrality of occupational environments in the viral spread. This demonstrates collusion between epidemiology and racial capitalism because it obscures structural influences, absolving industries of responsibility for worker safety. In an empirical example, we analyzed economic implications of race-based metrics widely used in occupational epidemiology. In the United States, White adults have better average lung function and worse hearing than Black adults. Impaired lung function and impaired hearing are both criteria for workers’ compensation claims, which are ultimately paid by industry. Compensation for respiratory injury is determined using a race-specific algorithm. For hearing, there is no race adjustment. Selective use of race-specific algorithms for workers’ compensation reduces industries’ liability for worker health, illustrating racial capitalism operating within public health. Widespread and unexamined belief in inherent physiological inferiority of Black Americans perpetuates systems that limit industry payouts for workplace injuries. We see a parallel in the epidemiology of COVID-19 disparities. We tell stories of industries implicated in the outbreak and review how they exemplify racial capitalism. We call on public health professionals to critically evaluate who is served and neglected by data analysis and to center structural determinants of health in etiological evaluation.
Edge effects and mating patterns in a bumblebee-pollinated plant
Authors: Christopher Dorothy A , Mitchell Randall J , Trapnell Dorset W , Smallwood Patrick A , Semski Wendy R , Karron Jeffrey D 
Published: June 2020

AbstractResearchers have long assumed that plant spatial location influences plant reproductive success and pollinator foraging behaviour. For example, many flowering plant populations have small, linear or irregular shapes that increase the proportion of plants on the edge, which may reduce mating opportunities through both male and female function. Additionally, plants that rely on pollinators may be particularly vulnerable to edge effects if those pollinators exhibit restricted foraging and pollen carryover is limited. To explore the effects of spatial location (edge vs. interior) on siring success, seed production, pollinator foraging patterns and pollen-mediated gene dispersal, we established a square experimental array of 49 Mimulus ringens (monkeyflower) plants. We observed foraging patterns of pollinating bumblebees and used paternity analysis to quantify male and female reproductive success and mate diversity for plants on the edge versus interior. We found no significant differences between edge and interior plants in the number of seeds sired, mothered or the number of sires per fruit. However, we found strong differences in pollinator behaviour based on plant location, including 15 % lower per flower visitation rates and substantially longer interplant moves for edge plants. This translated into 40 % greater pollen-mediated gene dispersal for edge than for interior plants. Overall, our results suggest that edge effects are not as strong as is commonly assumed, and that different plant reproduction parameters respond to spatial location independently.
Evaluating Postoperative Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Elective Procedures in an Ambulatory Surgery Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Couto Rafael A , Wiener Thomas C , Adams William P 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Despite the rapid increase in the number of publications pertaining to COVID-19, there is a lack of data examining patient outcomes following elective procedures performed during this pandemic.

Objectives
The purpose of this investigation was to examine the postoperative outcomes of patients who underwent elective procedures in an ambulatory surgery center during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to share the preoperative screening and patient selection protocol implemented in our center.

Methods
Elective procedures performed in an ambulatory surgery center between March 1, 2020 and April 16, 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcomes were occurrence of COVID-19–related postoperative complications. These complications include pneumonia, stroke, myocardial infarction, and clotting disorders. The predictive variables analyzed in this study were age, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, specialty conducting the procedure, operating time, and the type of plastic and reconstructive surgery procedure being performed.

Results
A total of 300 consecutive electives cases were included in the study. The most common procedures were pain management (43.0%), gastrointestinal (26.0%), aesthetic (14.0%), orthopedic (10.3%), reconstructive (4.0%), otorhinolaryngology (2.0%), and gynecology (0.67%). The median age of the cohort was 54.6 years (range, 1-90 years) and the median procedure time was 47 minutes (range, 11-304 minutes). COVID-19–related symptoms or complications following the procedures were not observed in any of the patients or in the healthcare care personnel.

Conclusions
In this cohort of 300 elective cases, we found no patients with COVID-19–related symptoms postoperatively. This suggests that with proper preoperative screening and patient selection, elective procedures can be safely performed in an ambulatory surgery center during this pandemic.

Level of Evidence: 4
Biomedical named entity recognition and linking datasets: survey and our recent development
Authors: Huang Ming-Siang , Lai Po-Ting , Lin Pei-Yen , You Yu-Ting , Tsai Richard Tzong-Han , Hsu Wen-Lian 
Published: June 2020

AbstractNatural language processing (NLP) is widely applied in biological domains to retrieve information from publications. Systems to address numerous applications exist, such as biomedical named entity recognition (BNER), named entity normalization (NEN) and protein–protein interaction extraction (PPIE). High-quality datasets can assist the development of robust and reliable systems; however, due to the endless applications and evolving techniques, the annotations of benchmark datasets may become outdated and inappropriate. In this study, we first review commonlyused BNER datasets and their potential annotation problems such as inconsistency and low portability. Then, we introduce a revised version of the JNLPBA dataset that solves potential problems in the original and use state-of-the-art named entity recognition systems to evaluate its portability to different kinds of biomedical literature, including protein–protein interaction and biology events. Lastly, we introduce an ensembled biomedical entity dataset (EBED) by extending the revised JNLPBA dataset with PubMed Central full-text paragraphs, figure captions and patent abstracts. This EBED is a multi-task dataset that covers annotations including gene, disease and chemical entities. In total, it contains 85000 entity mentions, 25000 entity mentions with database identifiers and 5000 attribute tags. To demonstrate the usage of the EBED, we review the BNER track from the AI CUP Biomedical Paper Analysis challenge. Availability: The revised JNLPBA dataset is available at https://iasl-btm.iis.sinica.edu.tw/BNER/Content/Re vised_JNLPBA.zip. The EBED dataset is available at https://iasl-btm.iis.sinica.edu.tw/BNER/Content/AICUP _EBED_dataset.rar. Contact: Email: thtsai@g.ncu.edu.tw, Tel. 886-3-4227151 ext. 35203, Fax: 886-3-422-2681 Email: hsu@iis.sinica.edu.tw, Tel. 886-2-2788-3799 ext. 2211, Fax: 886-2-2782-4814 Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Briefings in Bioinformatics online.
CD26 upregulates proliferation and invasion in keloid fibroblasts through an IGF-1-induced PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Xin Yu , Min Peiru , Xu Heng , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Yan , Zhang Yixin 
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Background
Keloid is a fibrotic dermal disease characterized by an abnormal increase in fibroblast proliferation and invasion. These pathological behaviours may be related to the heterogeneity of keloid fibroblasts (KFs); however, because of a lack of effective biomarkers for KFs it is difficult to study the underlying mechanism. Our previous studies revealed that the expansion of CD26+ KFs was responsible for increased keloid proliferation and invasion capabilities; the intrinsic relationship and mechanism between CD26 and keloid is therefore worthy of further investigation. The aim of this study was to explore molecular mechanisms in the process of CD26 upregulated KFs proliferation and invasion abilities, and provide more evidence for CD26 as an effective biomarker of keloid and a new clinical therapeutic target.

Methods
Flow cytometry was performed to isolate CD26+/CD26− fibroblasts from KFs and normal fibroblasts. To generate stably silenced KFs for CD26 and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), lentiviral particles encoding shRNA targeting CD26 and IGF-1R were used for transfection. Cell proliferations were analysed by cell counting kit-8 assay and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay. Scratching assay and transwell assay were used to assess cell migration and invasion abilities. To further quantify the regulatory role of CD26 expression in the relevant signalling pathway, RT-qPCR, western blot, ELISA, PI3K activity assay and immunofluorescence were used.

Results
Aberrant expression of CD26 in KFs was proven to be associated with increased proliferation and invasion of KFs. Furthermore, the role of the IGF-1/IGF-1 receptor axis was also studied in CD26 and was found to upregulate KF proliferation and invasion. The PI3K/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was shown to affect CD26-regulated KF proliferation and invasion by increasing phosphorylation levels of S6 kinase and 4E-binding protein.

Conclusions
CD26 can be the effective biomarker for KFs, and its expression is closely related to proliferation and invasion in keloids through the IGF-1-induced PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This work provides a novel perspective on the pathological mechanisms affecting KFs and therapeutic strategies against keloids.