bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LINFOMA NÃO-HODGKIN DUODENAL EM CRIANÇA DE SEIS ANOS: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Míssio Laís , Silva Alliny Beletini 
Published: December 2019

Linfoma não Hodgkin caracteriza-se como uma doença clonal originada do tecido linfoide (ou linfático) que eventualmente faz infiltração da medula óssea e outros tecidos. O tecido linfoide é o local que abriga as células imunológicas responsáveis pela resposta imune e é encontrado em maior quantidade nos linfonodos. Por ser ligada a linfócitos possui grande variação na apresentação clínica, biológica e histológica. O linfoma está entre os tipos de câncer mais comuns da infância. A doença possui um pico de incidência bimodal, na infância/adolescência e em adulto-idosos, sendo sua frequência aumentada em progressão geométrica com a idade. Além disso, ela possui uma ligeira preferência pelo sexo masculino e pela raça branca. A maioria dos casos não tem etiologia definida, porém cogita-se que fatores ambientais, genéticos e dietéticos possam estar envolvidos. O quadro clínico varia conforme a classificação, sendo que dois terços dos pacientes com a neoplasia apresentam como manifestação inicial linfonodomegalia periférica não dolorosa. Em relação ao prognóstico, há dependência do tipo histológico, da localização e da biologia do tumor, além do estágio que a doença se encontra ao diagnóstico.
Overseas Education: Dispelling Official Myths in Latin America
Authors: Petras James 
Published: December 2019

One of the most important contributions that the study abroad program makes is to allow students and professors to contrast official (government and mass media) versions of reality with their own observations and experiences. In many cases, there is a significant gap between what students were told before they left the U.S. and what they have learned upon their return. Not all students are able or willing to go beyond their preconceived notions, in part because of the limited access to different classes, ethnic and gender groups, or because the nature of the program limits the range of experiences to which students are exposed. Nevertheless, in my nearly forty years of travel to Latin America, I have found that most students do develop significantly different and critical views of the “official” versions of Latin America and U.S. foreign policy. The initial reactions to the contrast between preconceptions and reality vary from surprise to indignation, with many pursuing alternative and more critical paradigms. To illustrate this issue, I would like to cite several cases that I have witnessed in the field.
Status of global health fellowship training in the United States and Canada
Authors: Evensen Ann , Duffy Sean , Dawe Russell , Pike Andrea , Nelson Brett 
Published: December 2019

Background: Increasing numbers of residency graduates desire global health (GH) fellowship training. However, the full extent of training options is not clear. Objective: To identify clinical GH fellowships in all specialties in the U.S. and Canada and to describe their demographics, innovative features, and challenges. Methods: The authors surveyed program directors or designees from GH fellowships with a web-based tool in 2017. Program directors reported demographics and program characteristics. Results: The authors identified 85 potential programs. Fifty-four programs (63.5%) responded confirming 50 fellowships. The number of U.S. GH fellowship programs increased by 89.7% since 2010. One-third of fellowships accepted graduates from more than one specialty. The most common single-specialty programs were Emergency Medicine or Family Medicine. Fellowship duration was most commonly 24 months. Median size was one fellow per year. Funding and lack of qualified applicants were significant challenges. Most programs were funded through fellow billing for patient care or other means of self-support. Conclusions: The number of U.S. and Canadian GH fellowship programs has nearly doubled since 2010. Programs reported lack of funding and qualified applicants as their most significant challenges. Consensus amongst stakeholders regarding training requirements may improve outcomes for future fellows, their employers, and the patients they serve.
Factors perceived to influence rural career choice of urban background family physicians: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Szafran Olga , Myhre Douglas , Torti Jacqueline , Schipper Shirley 
Published: December 2019

Background: Urban background physicians are the main source of physician supply for rural areas across Canada. The purpose of this study was to describe factors that influence rural career choice and practice location of urban background family medicine graduates.
Methods: We conducted a qualitative, descriptive study employing telephone interviews with 9 urban background family medicine graduates. Those who completed residency training between 2006 and 2011 and were in rural practice, but who had an urban upbringing were asked about: when the decision for rural practice was made; factors that influenced rural career choice; and factors that influenced choice of a particular rural location. Emerging themes were identified through content analysis of interview data.
Results: We identified four themes as factors influencing rural career choice - variety/broad scope of rural practice, rural lifestyle, personal relationships, and positive rural experience/physician role models. We also identified factors in four theme areas as influencing the choice of a particular rural practice location - having lived in the rural community, spousal influence, personal lifestyle, and comfort with practice expectations.
Conclusion: Decisions for rural career choice and rural practice location by urban background family medicine graduates are based on clinical practice considerations, training experience, as well as personal and lifestyle factors.
Providing quality feedback to general internal medicine residents in a competency-based assessment environment
Authors: Marcotte Laura , Egan Rylan , Soleas Eleftherios , Dalgarno Nancy J , Norris Matthew , Smith Christopher A 
Published: December 2019

Construct: Competence Based Medical Education (CBME) is designed to use workplace-based assessment (WBA) tools to provide observed assessment and feedback on resident competence. Moreover, WBAs are expected to provide evidence beyond that of more traditional mid- or end-of-rotation assessments [e.g., In Training Evaluation Records (ITERs)]. In this study we investigate competence in General Internal Medicine (GIM), by contrasting WBA and ITER assessment tools.Background: WBAs are hypothesized to improve and differentiate written and numerical feedback to support the development and documentation of competence. In this study we investigate residents’ and faculty members’ perceptions of WBA validity, usability, and reliability and the extent to which WBAs differentiate residents’ performance when compared to ITERs. Approach: We used a mixed methods approach over a three-year period, including perspectives gathered from focus groups, interviews, along with numerical and narrative comparisons between WBA and ITERs in one GIM program.Results: Residents indicated that the narrative component of feedback was more constructive and effective than numerical scores. They perceived the focus on specific workplace-based feedback was more effective than ITERs. However, quantitative analysis showed that overall rates of actionable feedback, including both ITERs and WBAs, were low (26%), with only 9% providing an improvement strategy. The provision of quality feedback was not statistically significantly different between tools; although WBAs provided more actionable feedback, ITERs provided more strategies. Statistical analyses showed that more than half of all assessments came from 11 core faculty.Conclusions: Participants in this study viewed narrative, actionable and specific feedback as essential, and an overall preference was found for written feedback over numerical assessments. However, quantitative analyses showed that specific actionable feedback was rarely documented, despite qualitative emphasis from both groups of its importance for developing competency. Neither formative WBAs or summative ITERs clearly provided better feedback, and both may still have a role in overall resident evaluation. Participant views differed in roles and responsibilities, with residents stating that faculty should be responsible for initiating assessments and vice-versa. These results reveal a disconnect between resident and faculty perceptions and practice around giving feedback and emphasize opportunities for programs adopting and implementing CBME to address how best to support residents and frontline clinical teachers.
UJI AKTIVITAS PERTUMBUHAN RAMBUT KELINCI JANTAN DARI SEDIAAN HAIR TONIC YANG MENGANDUNG EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MANGKOKAN (Nothopanax scutellarium L.)
Authors: Aini Qurrota 
Published: December 2019

Preparation stimulating hair growth (hair tonic) is cosmetic preparations used for
volumizing hair growth or stimulate hair growth on balding or hair loss. This research
aims to formulate hair tonic preparation of extract Nothopanax scutellarium and
determine the effect of dosage formulation hair tonic N. scutellarium towards the
growth of male rabbit. This research makes five sample formula with active ingredients
extract N. scutellarium with concentration 0% (basic hair tonic), 25%, 35%, 45% and
positive control (hair tonic preparations containing minoxidil). The treatment is done
every day with the volume every time the basting of one mili liter each plot every day
for twenty one days. Hair Length measurements performed on days 8 th , 15 th and 22 nd
using calipers and the hair weight measurements performed on day 22 by way of
shaved hair grows and then weighed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA test. The data
length and weight of the negative control hair, formula-A (25%), formula-B (35%),
formula-C (45%) and positive control at day 22 in a row is 11.56, 16.19, 14.60, 14.10,
18.58 mm and 387.325, 390.85, 386.9, 387.275, 392.1 mg. Dosage formulations hair
tonic of N. scutellarium extract can increase hair growth male rabbits.
Keywords : hair grower, extract of Nothopanax scutellarium , anova.
UJI KADAR NITRIT PADA DAGING BURGER DI KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS
Authors: Susanti Laila , Setyowati Merinda , Widodo Subur , Setiawati Anita 
Published: December 2019

Daging merupakan salah satu sumber makanan yang berasal dari hewani dan memiliki cita rasa yang khas serta kandungan gizi yang tinggi. Dari berbagai cara pengolahan daging, daging burger merupakan salah satu produk olahan yang banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat. Sebagai bahan pengawet pada daging burger digunakan nitrit, untuk memperpanjang waktu simpan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar nitrit pada daging burger dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometri Uv-Vis. Sebagai pelarut digunakan asam sulfanilat bereaksi dengan asam nitrit membentuk garam diazonium kemudian ditambah pelarut naftilamin membentuk senyawa azo yang berwarna ungu, lalu diukur absorbansinya pada panjang gelombang 531 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kadar rata-rata nitrit pada masing- masing sampel A ,B, C, D, E, F secara berurutan adalah 123,95 mg/kg, 30,14 mg/kg, 195,25 mg/kg, 105,74 mg/kg, 20,85 mg/kg dan 16,14 mg/kg. Dari ke enam sampel, ada 4 sampel yang memiliki kandungan nitrit melebihi ambang batas maksimum penggunaan bahan pengawet pada makanan menurut Peraturan Kepala BPOM RI Nomor 36 Tahun 2013 yaitu sebesar 30 mg/kg untuk produk daging olahan. Hanya sampel C yang memiliki kadar nitrit melebihi batas maksimum persyaratan berdasarkan Permenkes Nomor
1168/Menkes/Per/X/1999, yaitu 125 mg/kg.

Kata Kunci : Daging burger, Nitrit, Spektrofotometri UV-Vis
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN FRAKSI AKAR TABAR KEDAYAN (Aristolochia foveolata Merr.) DENGAN METODE DPPH (2,2 DIPHENYL-1-PICRILHYDRAZIL)
Authors: Supringrum Risa , Jubaidah Siti 
Published: December 2019

Antioxidants are substances that can neutralize free radicals, thus protecting the body from various diseases by binding to free radicals and highly reactive molecules that can damage cells. The use of high-dose synthetic antioxidants is reported to be toxic and carcinogenic. Tabar Kedayan root (Aristolochia foveolata Merr) is one of the native plants from North Kalimantan, which is empirically used as an anti-poison, containing secondary metabolites including alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids. Flavonoids are powerful antioxidants. Some studies report that the function of flavonoids can be to prevent and treat cancer. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract and n-hexane fraction, the ethyl acetate fraction of Tabar Kedayan root with 2.2 Diphenyl-
1-Picrilhydrazil (DPPH) method as a free radical compound. The results of the study obtained IC50 values for each sample, at ethyl acetate fraction 267.48 ppm, ethanol
extract at 603.80 ppm, ethanol-water fraction 705.43 ppm, n- hexane fraction
1500 ppm. The antioxidant activity tests indicate that ethyl acetate fraction is categorized as weak antioxidant, while the ethanol-water fraction and n-hexane fraction exhibit no antioxidant activity.

Keywords : Tabar Kedayan, Antioxidants, 2.2 Diphenyl-1-Picrilhydrazil
Analisis Pendapatan Usaha Kemitraan Ayam Broiler di PT. Ciomas Lampung Tahun 2016 (Studi Kasus di Samsul Arifin Farm, Kabupaten Tulang Bawang, Lampung)
Authors: Sidi Muhammad Arief Ibrahim Purnomo 
Published: December 2019

This study aims to determine the income level of broiler plasma farmers in Samsul Arifin Farm, Tulang Bawang District, Lampung. This research is done by using case study method. The data was collected in November-September 2016. The selection of research sites was done purposively, considering that Samsul Arifin farm is one of the active farms to become PT Ciomas Adisatwa’s plasma. The data collected consists of primary and secondary. The analysis method used is descriptive analysis and income analysis. The results showed that broiler breeders with an average partner system earn a profit per period during the year 2016 amounting to Rp32.661.415,38. The R / C value of broiler farming with a partner system of 1.10, which means that livestock business is profitable.
Keywords: Partnerships, Income, RO ratio
ERROR ANALYSIS ON ENGLISH WRITING SKILL FOR THE FIRST SEMESTER STUDENTS
Authors: Sutrisno Bejo 
Published: December 2019

The objective of this research is to find out the most and the least of typical errors on the first semester students’ writing skill. Writing gives an important role to students in practicing their ability to express their ideas to readers. The students sometimes commit errors when they write and those errors can effect to the content of their writing, as the result, the readers will be confused or do not understand to the students’ writing. This research using content analysis method. The writer interprets the data based on the errors on the students’ writing. This research found that error analyzes of students’ writing on word form is in the first rank (14,6%) followed by word choice (11,5%), Article and add a word (9,5%), Omit a word, singular-plural, verb tense, and capitalization (8,3%), Word order and Incomplete sentence (6,2%) and the least error is on Meaning not clear, that is (0%). This research has the implication that the lecturers should treat errors made by students as a part of learning process and it should be solved through remedial activity.
THE EFFECT OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING TYPE TGT AND LEARNING MOTIVATION ON READING COMPREHENSION OF PRIVATE VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS (SMK) IN BEKASI
Authors: Abdulloh Abdulloh 
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study are to prove or determine the effect of cooperative learning model type TGT on reading comprehension , to prove or to determine the effect of learning motivation on reading comprehension and to know the interaction effect of cooperative learning and learning motivation together on reading comprehension, especially for Vocational High School (Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan /SMK) students. The study used survey and experiment with analysis model of treatment by level. Anova Two-Way is used to test the hypothesis. Experiment is carried out in two groups or samples, each of them was given different treatment. The first group called Experiment Class, a class that was taught by using cooperative learning type Team Game Tournament (TGT) with combination of reading race, while the second group called a Control class, a class that was taught by using expository method. Each group is then divided into two categories of level of learning motivation. The first group is a group of students with high learning motivation level, the second one with low learning motivation level. The research found that : (1) there is a significant effect of using cooperative learning on students reading comprehension achievement. It shows that sig = 0.000 < 0.05 and Fo=32,846 ; (2) there is a significant effect of the student’s learning motivation on students reading comprehension achievement , with sig = 0.000 < 0.05, and Fo = (52.566); and (3) there is a significant interaction effect together between cooperative learning and student’s learning motivation on students reading comprehension achievement with sig = 0.009 < 0.05 and Fo = 7.252
IMPROVING SPEAKING SKILL THROUGH PRESENTATION TASK AT THE FIRST YEAR STUDENTS OF PALM OIL POLYTECHNIC CITRA WIDYA EDUKASI - BEKASI
Authors: Abdulloh Abdulloh 
Published: December 2019

This paper aims at presenting the general outline of designing oral presentations task in speaking class for college students. The presentation task is as one of varied teaching techniques in teaching speaking skill in college environment especially for students of Palm Oil Polytechnic - Citra Widya Edukasi in Bekasi, in their English I and II subjects.There are two stages in this teaching design in one session of 3 X 50 minutes. The first half of the session used for speaking practice using the module provided and the second half used for presentation task. In presentation session they gather in group for preparing the topic of presentation related with their subjects or major (Management of Logistic and Palm Oil Processing of Harvest), still in group then they work together to finish the paper and power points. Guidance of presentation is given, let them rehearse or practice at home to be moderator, presenter, speaker or other roles. In class they rehearse their presentation in group consists of five to seven students three to four times in front of different goup before the real the whole class presentation begun. This study shows that the presentation task done in group by students genereates, accelerates and empowers studens to speak english confidently. This study also has many implication that lecturers may not neglect and underestimate students’ capability. Lecturers should empower and give much oportunity to give presentation as their task. And lecturers should motivate, monitor, and facilitate them to be independent and motivated learners in English subject and other subjects in general.
IMPROVING ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILL THROUGH "ROLE-PLAY"TECHNIQUE
Authors: Muslim Ikhwan 
Published: December 2019

The Purpose of this study is to get the empirical knowledge of the Role-play technique to improve speaking ability, to know if the role-play effective in teaching speaking, to find the answer if the role is effective to improve English speaking ability. The technique of the research is qualitative. The data from field was done through observation in the classroom. Here the writer directly taught the students and observed students’ activities in speaking class. The writer explains the finding and gives some samples of role-play technique, activities in teaching and how to teach speaking through role-play technique
THE EFFECT OF LEARNING STYLE AND VOCABULARY MASTERY TOWARD THE READING COMPREHENSION SKILL IN BEKASI
Authors: Fasikh Mukhlasul 
Published: December 2019

This study aims to check out the effect of learning style and vocabulary mastery toward the reading comprehension skill in the State of Junior High School in Bekasi. The method used in this research is expose facto with the correlation and regression analysis that is connecting between data showing the level learning style and vocabulary mastery toward the reading comprehension skill of students in the State of Junior High School in Bekasi. Sampling was done by random sampling technique. The respondents are 80 students in this research. The research instruments were the test questions with multiple choice forms and questionnaires. The results showed that: 1) there is a significant influence of learning style and vocabulary mastery interactively together toward the reading comprehension skill. This is evidenced by the acquisition of Sig value. 0,000 <0,05 and Fh = 16,150. Learning style and vocabulary mastery interactively contributed 29.6% toward the variable of reading comprehension skill. 2) There is a significant influence of the learning style toward the reading comprehension skill. This is evidenced by the acquisition of Sig value. 0.001 <0.05 and th = 3.295. Learning style variable contributed 15.72% in improving the reading comprehension skill. 3) There is a significant influence of vocabulary mastery toward the reading comprehension skill. This is evidenced by the acquisition of Sig value. 0.003 <0.05 and th = 3.019. Variable vocabulary mastery contributed 13.86% in improving the reading comprehension skill.
THE ASSIMILATION CONSONANT SOUND PROCESS RESEMBLANCES BETWEEN ENGLISH AND BATAK LANGUAGE
Authors: Sitohang Mangantar 
Published: December 2019

This research attempts to describe Assimilation Consonant Sound Process Resemblances found in English and Batak Language, one of the local languages existing in Indonesia seen from Consonant Classifications Angles. Showing and describing the resemblance or similarity of assimilation process of the two languages can enrich our insight about this reality or process. Their resemblance discussed here is focused on utterance or oral communication/spoken language, precisely in accent level. As popularly known, in English, it is not always easy to know what sounds the letters stand for. The same letters often have some different sound symbols or patterns depending on their boundaries or environment. There are forty four (44) English sound symbols as the representation of 26 English letters, while in Batak language (especially Batak language variety/dialect in Samosir, from the 26 letters known, their sound symbols are also twenty six, more or less the same as the sound symbols found in Bahasa Indonesia. So in English, every written letter always reminds us of corresponding sound symbols when speaking, while in Batak Language those don’t exist. But what is unique and interesting the researcher always has in mind, although English and Batak Languages do have huge difference if seen from Linguistics, but at the same time they do have certain resemblances which can be shown/described from English assimilation process
CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF TENSE AND ASPECT IN ENGLISH AND INDONESIAN LANGUAGE
Authors: Sari Ana Ratna , Sutrisno Bejo 
Published: December 2019

This study aims to find out the comparison between English and Indonesian terms of finite verb form, tense and aspect. Language is the medium used by human to convey the contents of their minds. Language is also an object of study in educational institutions. Examples of interesting language to study and learn are English and Indonesian language, because each of them has distinct characteristics. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative study. The result of this study shows that there are four groups of verb forms in English: simple, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous forms. Each of the groups has present, past, and future forms. This scientific paper will contribute empirical data from English and Indonesian language that will support contrastive analysis theory.