bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New insight into podocyte slit diaphragm, a therapeutic target of proteinuria
Authors: Kawachi Hiroshi , Fukusumi Yoshiyasu 
Published: February 2020

AbstractDysfunction of slit diaphragm, a cell–cell junction of glomerular podocytes, is involved in the development of proteinuria in several glomerular diseases. Slit diaphragm should be a target of a novel therapy for proteinuria. Nephrin, NEPH1, P-cadherin, FAT, and ephrin-B1 were reported to be extracellular components forming a molecular sieve of the slit diaphragm. Several cytoplasmic proteins such as ZO-1, podocin, CD2AP, MAGI proteins and Par-complex molecules were identified as scaffold proteins linking the slit diaphragm to the cytoskeleton. In this article, new insights into these molecules and the pathogenic roles of the dysfunction of these molecules were introduced. The slit diaphragm functions not only as a barrier but also as a signaling platform transfer the signal to the inside of the cell. For maintaining the slit diaphragm function properly, the phosphorylation level of nephrin is strictly regulated. The recent studies on the signaling pathway from nephrin, NEPH1, and ephrin-B1 were reviewed. Although the mechanism regulating the function of the slit diaphragm had remained unclear, recent studies revealed TRPC6 and angiotensin II-regulating mechanisms play a critical role in regulating the barrier function of the slit diaphragm. In this review, recent investigations on the regulation of the slit diaphragm function were reviewed, and a strategy for the establishment of a novel therapy for proteinuria was proposed.
Incompressible Limit for a Two-Species Tumour Model with Coupling Through Brinkman’s Law in One Dimension
Authors: Dębiec Tomasz , Schmidtchen Markus 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWe present a two-species model with applications in tumour modelling. The main novelty is the coupling of both species through the so-called Brinkman law which is typically used in the context of visco-elastic media, where the velocity field is linked to the total population pressure via an elliptic equation. The same model for only one species has been studied by Perthame and Vauchelet in the past. The first part of this paper is dedicated to establishing existence of solutions to the problem, while the second part deals with the incompressible limit as the stiffness of the pressure law tends to infinity. Here we present a novel approach in one spatial dimension that differs from the kinetic reformulation used in the aforementioned study and, instead, relies on uniform BV-estimates.
Rapid life-history evolution in a wild Daphnia pulex population in response to novel size-dependent predation
Authors: Wathne Ingrid , Enberg Katja , Jensen Knut Helge , Heino Mikko 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe effect of size-selective predation on prey communities and their traits is well documented, but the relative roles of genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity continue to be debated. We looked for evidence of genetic adaption in a population of the water fleaDaphnia pulexthat faced a novel, introduced predator, Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis), selectively preying upon large zooplankton. Theory predicts adaptive changes towards a faster life history. We compared growth, age and length at maturation, egg size, and fecundity of two groups of clones kept in common-garden conditions, 13 clones isolated at around the time of the perch introduction and 14 isolated 3 years after. All animals were photographed daily and observed every third hour to detect maturation and measure the clutch size. Post-introduction clones matured earlier, but this was an indirect response triggered by genetic change in growth: post-introduction clones had faster growth prior to maturation than pre-introduction ones, reaching earlier the size threshold for maturation, but the threshold itself remained unchanged. Post-introduction clones showed also higher clutch size for 2nd and 3rd clutch, and slower growth from maturation (first appearance of eggs) to the moult after the release of the first clutch. Egg size did not differ between the periods. The experiment shows how life-history responses to predation involve multiple interlinked traits and both direct and indirect genetic responses.
Using Medicare data to measure vertical integration of hospitals and physicians
Authors: Ho Vivian , Tapaneeyakul Sasathorn , Metcalfe Leanne , Vu Lan , Short Marah 
Published: February 2020

AbstractResearchers, healthcare providers, and policy makers have become increasingly interested in the cost and quality effects of vertical integration (VI) between hospitals and physicians. However, tracking VI is often financially costly. Because the Medicare Data on Provider Practice and Specialty (MD-PPAS) annual dataset may be more cost-effective for researchers to access than private data sources, we examine the accuracy of MD-PPAS in identifying VI by comparing it to physician and hospital affiliations reported in Blue Cross Blue Shield Texas (BCBSTX) PPO claims data for 2014–2016. The BCBSTX data serve as a gold standard, because physician–hospital affiliations are based on the insurer’s provider contract information. We merged the two datasets using the physician National Provider Identifier (NPI), then determined what percentage of physicians had the same Tax Identification Number (TIN) in both sources, and whether the TIN implied the physician belonged to a physician- or hospital-owned practice. We found that 71.3% of successfully matched NPIs reported the same TIN, and 95.1% of patient-level observations were attributed to organizations with the same ownership type in both datasets, regardless of TIN. We compared regression estimates of patient-level annual spending on an indicator variable for physician versus hospital ownership for the primary attributed physician and found that estimates were within one percentage point whether one determined VI based on the BCBSTX or the MD-PPAS data. The results suggest that MD-PPAS, which costs less to obtain than from a for-profit data source, can be used to reliably track VI between hospitals and physicians.
Multivariate Normal Approximation for Functionals of Random Polytopes
Authors: Grygierek Jens 
Published: February 2020

AbstractConsider the random polytope that is given by the convex hull of a Poisson point process on a smooth convex body in $$\mathbb {R}^d$$

R

d

. We prove central limit theorems for continuous motion invariant valuations including the Wills functional and the intrinsic volumes of this random polytope. Additionally we derive a central limit theorem for the oracle estimator that is an unbiased and minimal variance estimator for the volume of a convex set. Finally we obtain a multivariate limit theorem for the intrinsic volumes and the components of the $$\mathbf {f}$$
f
-vector of the random polytope.
Morin exerts anti-metastatic, anti-proliferative and anti-adhesive effect in ovarian cancer cells: an in vitro studies
Authors: Nowak Ewa , Sypniewski Daniel , Bednarek Ilona 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe influence of morin hydrate on changes of proliferative, metastatic, and adhesive potential of human ovarian cancer cells concerning the influence of decitabine, and decitabine with trichostatin A, and in comparison to untreated cells, were analyzed. The effect of morin hydrate, decitabine, and trichostatin A were examined in A2780 and SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cell lines using MTS assay, clonogenic assay, adhesion to endothelial HMEC-1 cells, transwell migration assay and cell cycle analysis. The expression level of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers was quantified using PCR Array in relation to the level of global methylation determined with Methylated DNA Quantification Kit. We observed statistically significant inhibition of adhesive and migratory potential of both cell lines and the accumulation of G0/G1 phase A2780 cells after treatment with morin hydrate. Our studies confirmed the influence of morin hydrate on down-regulation of genes considered as up-regulated during EMT, and up-regulation of some genes considered as down-regulated during EMT in A2780 and SKOV-3 cells. Phenotypic changes were associated with molecular changes in cells, eg. decrease of the expression level of genes associated with adhesion, and an increase of genes down-regulated during EMT, after morin hydrate treatment in comparison to untreated control cells in both cell lines, were observed.
Rapamycin and hydroxychloroquine combination alters macrophage polarization and sensitizes glioblastoma to immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Hsu Sanford P. C. , Chen Yi-Ching , Chiang Hsin-Chien , Huang Yi-Chun , Huang Cheng-Chung , Wang Hsin-Ell , Wang Yu-Shang , Chi Kwan-Hwa 
Published: February 2020

Abstract
Introduction
The failure of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPi) on glioblastoma (GBM) treatment underscores the need for improving therapeutic strategy. We aimed to change tumor associated macrophage (TAM) from M2 type (anti-inflammatory) to M1 (pro-inflammatory) type to increase the therapeutic response of ICPi. We proposed that combined rapamycin (R) and hydroxychloroquine (Q) preferentially induce M2 cells death, as fatty acid oxidation was their major source of energy.

Methods
Macrophage polarization was characterized on mice and human macrophage cell lines by specific cytokines stimulation with or without RQ treatment under single culture or co-culture with GBM cell lines. Tumor sizes were evaluated on subcutaneous and intracranial GL261 mice models with or without RQ, anti-PD1 mAb treatment. Tumor volumes assessed by MRI scan and proportions of tumor infiltrating immune cells analyzed by flow cytometry were compared.

Results
In vitro RQ treatment decreased the macrophages polarization of M2, increased the phagocytic ability, and increased the lipid droplets accumulation. RQ treatment decreased the expression levels of CD47 and SIRPα on tumor cells and macrophage cells in co-culture experiments. The combination of RQ and anti-PD1 treatment was synergistic in action. Enhanced the intra-tumoral M1/M2 ratio, the CD8/CD4 ratio in the intracranial GL261 tumor model after RQ treatment were evident.

Conclusion
We provide a rationale for manipulating the macrophage phenotype and increased the therapeutic effect of ICPi. To re-educate and re-empower the TAM/microglia opens an interesting avenue for GBM treatment.

Graphic Abstract
Motivated ignorance, rationality, and democratic politics
Authors: Williams Daniel 
Published: February 2020

AbstractWhen the costs of acquiring knowledge outweigh the benefits of possessing it, ignorance is rational. In this paper I clarify and explore a related but more neglected phenomenon: cases in which ignorance is motivated by the anticipated costs of possessing knowledge, not acquiring it. The paper has four aims. First, I describe the psychological and social factors underlying this phenomenon of motivated ignorance. Second, I describe those conditions in which it is instrumentally rational. Third, I draw on evidence from the social sciences to argue that this phenomenon of rational motivated ignorance plays an important but often unappreciated role in one of the most socially harmful forms of ignorance today: voter ignorance of societal risks such as climate change. Finally, I consider how to address the high social costs associated with rational motivated ignorance.
Entwicklung, Einsatz und Evaluation eines Tools für digitales Ideenmanagement. Ein Fallbeispiel
Authors: Röltgen Anna T. , Bernardy Valeria , Müller Rebecca , Antoni Conny H. 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) analysiert die Entwicklung eines Tools für digitales Ideenmanagement (IdeaCheck), und dessen Implementierung anhand eines Fallbeispiels aus einem mittelständischen deutschen IT-Unternehmen. Ziel ist es, das inhaltliche Konzept von IdeaCheck aufbauend auf psychologischen Theorien zu erläutern und Erfahrungen mit dem Tool bei der ersten Implementierung zu berichten sowie Möglichkeiten für die Anwendung und Weiterentwicklung von dem IdeaCheck zu diskutieren. Dabei werden anhand eines Fallbeispiels zunächst die Herausforderungen beschrieben, die durch die zunehmende Digitalisierung der Zusammenarbeit für das Ideenmanagement entstehen. Anschließend wird der Aufbau des Tools beschrieben und dargestellt, welche Ziele mit dem IdeaCheck erreicht werden sollen. Der erste Einsatz des IdeaCheck in einem Unternehmen wurde formativ evaluiert. Die dabei gewonnenen Erkenntnisse werden reflektiert und Perspektiven für die weitere Anwendung und Weiterentwicklung des Tools aufgezeigt.
Prognostic Value of Circulating Microvesicle Subpopulations in Ischemic Stroke and TIA
Authors: Lundström Annika , Mobarrez Fariborz , Rooth Elisabeth , Thålin Charlotte , von Arbin Magnus , Henriksson Peter , Gigante Bruna , Laska Ann-Charlotte , Wallén Håkan 
Published: February 2020

AbstractPlatelet microvesicles (PMV) have previously been found elevated in acute ischemic stroke (IS) and could be biomarkers for risk of recurrence. PMV surface antigens such as P-selectin and phosphatidylserine (PS) reflect platelet activation and procoagulance. Tissue factor-positive microvesicles (TF+MV) are considered procoagulant, in particular if co-expressing PS. We enumerated MV subpopulations with these surface antigens in a cohort of 211 patients with primarily non-cardioembolic IS or transient ischemic attack (TIA) and investigated their association with long-term outcome. MV concentrations were determined by flow cytometry in the acute and convalescent phase. Primary outcome was a composite of fatal and non-fatal recurrent IS or myocardial infarction. Secondary outcomes were recurrent IS and all-cause mortality. Outcome events were obtained from Swedish registers during a follow-up of 1100 patient years. Concentrations of PS-positive and PS-negative MV populations were elevated in patients compared with healthy controls in both the acute and convalescent phase. PS+TF+PMV displayed pronounced elevations, median fold change 77 in the acute phase (p < 0.0001) but were not associated with outcome, neither were PS+P-selectin+PMV. The only subpopulation positively associated with primary outcome was PS−TF+PMV, with adjusted hazard ratio of 1.86 (1.04–3.31, p = 0.036) by Cox regression. Unexpectedly, several MV subpopulations tended to be associated with reduced risk of poor long-term outcome. Our results suggest that PS+TF+PMV may be a promising marker for cerebral ischemia, and that the in vivo generation of PS−MV after IS/TIA warrants further study. Future MV studies should ideally enumerate PS+ and PS−MV subpopulations separately.
Regulating oceanic imaginaries: the legal construction of space, identities, relations and epistemological hierarchies within marine spatial planning
Authors: Ntona Mara , Schröder Mika 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA growing body of critical social-scientific scholarship addresses the implications of marine spatial planning for those who depend on the ocean for their livelihood, sustenance, well-being and cultural survival. Of particular concern are planning initiatives that construct marine space in ways that negate or contradict its particular materiality, the latter holding great significance for how different actors relate to the ocean. In response, scholars are turning towards relational conceptualisations of marine space, focusing on the relationships between human and non-human actors, as well as the factors that mediate them. Here, we argue that legal geography, a strand of interdisciplinary research that explores how space, law and society are co-constituted, can make a valuable contribution to this discussion. In taking seriously the connections between the themes law as discourse, law as representation and law as power, legal geography offers a deeper understanding of the subjectivities, narratives and sources of normativity made in/visible by the legal dimensions of planning frameworks. Using the legal-geographical concept of spatial justice as our frame of reference, we posit that the relational materiality of the ocean lends itself to the socio-legal construction of marine spaces as ‘commons’, i.e. as pluralist spaces where different knowledges and ways of being coexist and intermingle, and where well-being is perceived in composite, socio-natural terms. This allows us to problematise marine spatial planning, along with its normative, regulatory and institutional underpinnings, as a vehicle for the enclosure of not only marine spaces but also spaces of decision-making.
»L’esprit de conduite« – Höflichkeitsmaximen (vor und) nach Knigge
Authors: Florack Ruth 
Published: February 2020

ZusammenfassungDer Name ›Knigge‹ steht heute für Verhaltensregeln in Alltagssituationen, die Ansehen und Erfolg versprechen. Doch Knigges Buch Über den Umgang mit Menschen aus dem späten 18. Jahrhundert ist so viel mehr als das: Auf der Grundlage einer umfassenden Kenntnis des Menschen in der Gesellschaft vermittelt es die Kunst höflichen Umgangs, auch im geselligen Gespräch. Dabei stellt sich Knigge bewusst in die französische Tradition, die in der Frühen Neuzeit europaweit tonangebend war. Im Vergleich von Knigges Erfolgsbuch mit französischen Texten, die für die Rezeption im Deutschland des 18. Jahrhunderts maßgeblich gewesen sind, lässt sich zeigen, dass die Höflichkeitsregeln für das gesellige Gespräch eine erstaunliche Konstanz aufweisen. Allerdings werden sie je unterschiedlich begründet – und sind immer einer Ethik verpflichtet.
Recycling of tellurium via copper smelting processes
Authors: Klemettinen Lassi , Avarmaa Katri , Sukhomlinov Dmitry , O’Brien Hugh , Taskinen Pekka , Jokilaakso Ari 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe modern world continuously demands more raw materials for manufacturing all kinds of products. Nowadays, the lifetime of a single product can be very short, as is the case with electronic appliances. Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is one of the fastest growing waste categories, and one of the most promising recycling routes for WEEE is to use it as a feed material in pyrometallurgical copper smelting. This article presents new experimental observations regarding the behavior of tellurium in secondary copper smelting process, and compares the results to primary smelting experiments. In secondary smelting conditions, most of tellurium distributed into the copper phase, and the distribution coefficient between copper and slag decreased with increasing oxygen partial pressure. In the primary smelting experiments, most of tellurium was vaporized into flue dusts, and the distribution coefficient between copper matte and slag increased with increasing oxygen pressure, i.e. increasing matte grade.
Examining the Effect of Animal Resource Scarcity on Farm Labor and Farm Production in Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Hadush Muuz 
Published: February 2020

AbstractRural households in Ethiopia suffer from the scarcity of grazing land and water. This article examines the economic impact of time spent looking for water and grazing lands for livestock on crop farming labor and crop output based on a nonseparable farm household model. We estimated a general Cobb-Douglas production function using 518 farmers in Ethiopia. Our results confirm a negative relationship between labor input to crop farming and resource scarcity. On average, a 1% reduction in the time spent looking for water, grazing, and straw led to an increase in food production by 0.16%, 0.28% and 0.33%, respectively.
Micro-CT study of Middle Ordovician Spumellaria (radiolarians) from western Newfoundland, Canada
Authors: Kachovich Sarah , Aitchison Jonathan C. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractA new, previously undescribed Middle Ordovician (middle Darriwilian: Dw2) radiolarian assemblage has been recovered from the Table Cove Formation at Piccadilly Quarry, western Newfoundland. Constituents of the fauna described herein are both distinctive and exceptionally well preserved. Three-dimensional X-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) is used to make a detailed examination of four key spumellarian specimens. This technology enables visualization of hitherto ambiguous details of the internal morphologies of key lower Paleozoic taxonomic groups, among which a lack of knowledge has impeded resolution of higher taxonomic rankings.
A high gain wideband circularly polarized microstrip antenna
Authors: Kumar Arun , Dwari Santanu , Pandey Ganga Prasad , Kanaujia Binod Kumar , Singh Dinesh Kumar 
Published: February 2020

AbstractIn this paper, a high gain wideband circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna is presented for broadband operation. The proposed structure comprised of a partially grounded printed monopole antenna loaded with a split ring resonator and a metallic reflector. By using the metallic reflector surface underneath the patch radiator results in the reflected waves in the same phase with main lobe radiation, thereby improving the gain and it also acts like a secondary radiator to generate wideband CP behavior in the proposed design. A gain enhancement of 4.3 dBi is achieved in the operating frequency band as compared with the design without a metallic reflector. The maximum gain achieved in the presented method is 8.6 dBic over the entire operating range. The proposed design shows a wideband behavior ranging from 4.30 to 9.10 GHz with the 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 71.64%. In addition, the proposed design yielded a broadside right hand CP radiation with a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 33.88% from 4.98 to 7.01 GHz. The proposed antenna is fabricated and experimental results on reflection coefficient, gain, axial ratio, and radiation patterns concede well with simulation results.
Equipotential Figure of Phobos Suggests Its Late Accretion Near 3.3 Mars Radii
Authors: Hu Xuanyu , Oberst Jürgen , Willner Konrad 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe ellipsoidal figure of Phobos has been tentatively interpreted as resulting from accretion in a tidal environment close to its parent planet Mars. The issue is compounded by the rapid tidal decay of the moon's orbit. Consequently, when and where the moon actually formed remains elusive. We determined the gravity equipotential ellipsoid of Phobos during its orbital decay and studied the evolution of surface ellipsoidal heights. We found that the equipotential ellipsoid closely fits the body shape near 3.6 Mars radii. Meanwhile, the height distribution resembles Gaussian at 3.3 Mars radii, suggesting equilibrium of topography. The ellipsoidal shape may have accreted here under appreciable tidal influence of roughly half the magnitude at Phobos' current position (at 2.76 Mars radii). This lends evidential support to the hypothesis that Phobos is not a primordial object but has reaccreted from a debris ring after a previous disruption event.
Jupiter's Gravity Field Halfway Through the Juno Mission
Authors: Durante D. , Parisi M. , Serra D. , Zannoni M. , Notaro V. , Racioppa P. , Buccino D. R. , Lari G. , Gomez Casajus L. , Iess L. , Folkner W. M. , Tommei G. , Tortora P. , Bolton S. J. 
Published: February 2020

AbstractThe Juno spacecraft reached the mid‐point of its nominal mission in December 2018, after completing 17 perijove passes. Ten of these were dedicated to the determination of the gravity field of the planet, with the aim of constraining its interior structure. We provide an update on Jupiter's gravity field, its tidal response and spin axis motion over time. The analysis of the Doppler data collected during the perijove passes hints to a non‐static and/or non‐axially symmetric field, possibly related to several different physical mechanisms, such as normal modes or localized atmospheric or deeply‐rooted dynamics.