bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionizing radiation for maternal medical indications
Authors: Lowe Sandra A. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIonizing radiation should be considered an avoidable exposure although all pregnant women receive some radiation from their environment. The potential effect of ionizing radiation on the fetus is determined by the dose and the timing of the exposure with growing interest in the potential risks of transgenerational effects of radiation as an epigenetic phenomenon. High dosage exposure is very unlikely in routine situations such as occupational, diagnostic, or therapeutic exposures. Individual diagnostic radiation procedures (fetal dosage <50 mGy), are not associated with any increase in lethality (miscarriage or stillbirth), genetic damage, teratogenicity, growth impairment, mental retardation, or sterility. More recent modeling has suggested that a 10 mGy fetal dose is associated with an excess risk of childhood cancer risk as low as 1 in 4545, well below historical estimates.When the mother's condition necessitates diagnostic radiation it is necessary to balance the risks of the procedure with the benefits to be gained. As almost all diagnostic imaging involves doses below the 50 mGy threshold, clinically indicated investigations should not be withheld because of concerns regarding fetal radiation exposure. Even radiotherapy directed away from the abdomen or pelvis may be considered during pregnancy, if the benefits outweigh the risks and no suitable alternative is available.
High risk for carriers of de novo balanced structural chromosomal aberrations in prenatal diagnosis: Latin America data
Authors: Méndez‐Rosado Luis A. , Lardoeyt‐Ferrer Roberto 
Published: November 2019

What's already known about this topic?

Warburton's classic work, on the carriers of de novo balanced structural chromosomal aberrations, reported risk values of an affected phenotype of 6.7% (for reciprocal translocations and inversions).
What does this study add?

Present study is the most extensive on this topic in Latin America. It reports risk values of an affected phenotype (for reciprocal translocations and inversions) that are twice what Warburton reported. It highlights the importance of long‐term follow‐up for patients with these rearrangements.
Timing of Initiation of Oral Anticoagulation after Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Smythe Maureen A. , Parker Dennis , Garwood Candice L. , Cuker Adam , Messé Steve R. 
Published: November 2019

Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who suffer an acute ischemic stroke are at risk for both hemorrhagic transformation and recurrent ischemic stroke in the acute post‐stroke period. Oral anticoagulants are recommended for secondary stroke prevention in patients with AF. The optimal time to initiate anticoagulant therapy after acute ischemic stroke in patients with AF is uncertain. There is concern that early initiation increases the risk of hemorrhagic transformation, whereas delayed initiation leaves the patient at risk for recurrent ischemic stroke. In this article, we provide a review of the risk of hemorrhagic transformation of acute ischemic stroke as well as review the literature and major guidelines addressing the timing of anticoagulation initiation after an acute ischemic stroke in patients with AF. Relevant articles published from 1990 to the present were identified using the PubMed and Embase databases. The majority of available literature is observational data. Large ischemic lesions, cerebral microbleeds, thrombolytic therapy, and other clinical factors may increase the risk of hemorrhagic transformation of an acute ischemic stroke. Parenteral anticoagulation within 48 hours is associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation and is not recommended. Insufficient data exist to support the safety of routine oral anticoagulant (direct oral anticoagulants or warfarin) initiation within 48 hours of an acute ischemic stroke. Direct oral anticoagulant initiation within 2 days of an acute ischemic stroke is associated with a 5% rate of hemorrhagic transformation. Infarct size and presence of hemorrhage are important factors in identifying the optimal time to initiation and should guide decisions when available. A recommended framework for patient decision making is provided. Randomized controlled trials in this area are needed to identify the optimal timing of anticoagulation initiation, and such trials are under way.
Surface macro‐fabric analysis of relict rock glaciers in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain)
Authors: González‐Gutiérrez R. Blanca , Santos‐González Javier , Gómez‐Villar Amelia , Redondo‐Vega José M. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractRelict rock glaciers are widespread in the Cantabrian Mountains, with more than 250 lobate, tongued‐shaped and complex landforms identified. Located mostly within glacial cirques, facing north and northeast, these landforms are indicative of the distribution of ancient permafrost. Macro‐fabric analysis allows us to reconstruct the past dynamics of these landforms. Surface macro‐fabric analysis of 34 rock glaciers including both ridge and furrows was performed. The orientation and dip of 50 clasts was determined in each case. All data were plotted in equal‐area stereograms and the eigenvalue method was used for statistical analysis of the data. The data show weak fabric shapes, with the transitional and the girdle shapes being the most representative, with 67.6% of the samples studied. The main fabric direction (eigenvalue S1) is found in 40–60% of the clasts, and only 11.7% present values ≥0.60. Clast concentration density in the stereograms gives concentrations <10% in more than 73.5% of the samples. Ridge samples have a more intense fabric than those of the furrows. The tongue‐shaped rock glaciers show more diverse values than those with lobate and complex forms.
Periglacial environments and frozen ground in the central Pyrenean high mountain area: Ground thermal regime and distribution of landforms and processes
Authors: Serrano Enrique , de Sanjosé‐Blasco José Juan , Gómez‐Lende Manuel , López‐Moreno Juan Ignacio , Pisabarro Alfonso , Martínez‐Fernández Adrián 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe periglacial belt is located in the highest parts of temperate mountains. The balance between mean air and ground temperatures and the presence of water determine the effectiveness of periglacial processes related to permafrost, the active layer or seasonally frozen ground (SFG). This study combines thermal and geomorphological data obtained in four Pyrenean massifs (Infierno‐Argualas, Posets, Maladeta and Monte Perdido) to improve knowledge on the occurrence and distribution of frozen ground. The methodology used is based on the study of landforms as frozen ground indicators, mapping processes, ground temperature analysis, basal temperature of snow, thermal mapping and geomatic surveys on rock glaciers and protalus lobes. In the Pyrenean high mountain areas the lower limit of frozen ground is at ~2,650m a.s.l., possible permafrost appears above 2,650m a.s.l. on north‐ and south‐facing slopes, and probable permafrost is dominant above 2,900m a.s.l. Unfrozen ground with cold‐associated geomorphological processes reach 2,900m a.s.l. and unfrozen and frozen ground distribution points to a patchy pattern throughout the periglacial belt. The most widespread frozen grounds are SFG. The thermal data, mean annual ground temperature, cold season temperatures, bottom temperature snow measurements, freeze/thaw cycles and distribution of landforms permit the establishment of a periglacial land system divided into three main belts: infraperiglacial, middle periglacial and supraperiglacial. The large number of processes and landforms that are involved and their altitudinal and spatial organization make up a complex environment that determines the geoecological dynamics of high mountain areas.
Identification of FAM181A and FAM181B as new interactors with the TEAD transcription factors
Authors: Bokhovchuk Fedir , Mesrouze Yannick , Delaunay Clara , Martin Typhaine , Villard Frédéric , Meyerhofer Marco , Fontana Patrizia , Zimmermann Catherine , Erdmann Dirk , Furet Pascal , Scheufler Clemens , Schmelzle Tobias , Chène Patrick 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe Hippo pathway is a key signaling pathway in the control of organ size and development. The most distal elements of this pathway, the TEAD transcription factors, are regulated by several proteins, such as YAP (Yes‐associated protein), TAZ (transcriptional co‐activator with PDZ‐binding motif) and VGLL1‐4 (Vestigial‐like members 1–4). In this article, combining structural data and motif searches in protein databases, we identify two new TEAD interactors: FAM181A and FAM181B. Our structural data show that they bind to TEAD via an Ω‐loop as YAP/TAZ do, but only FAM181B possesses the LxxLF motif (x any amino acid) found in YAP/TAZ. The affinity of different FAM181A/B fragments for TEAD is in the low micromolar range and full‐length FAM181A/B proteins interact with TEAD in cells. These findings, together with a recent report showing that FAM181A/B proteins have a role in nervous system development, suggest a potential new involvement of the TEAD transcription factors in the development of this tissue.
Oligomerization of RIG‐I and MDA5 2CARD domains
Authors: Zerbe Cassie M. , Mouser David J. , Cole James L. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe innate immune system is the first line of defense against invading pathogens. The retinoic acid‐inducible gene I (RIG‐I) like receptors (RLRs), RIG‐I and melanoma differentiation‐associated protein 5 (MDA5), are critical for host recognition of viral RNAs. These receptors contain a pair of N‐terminal tandem caspase activation and recruitment domains (2CARD), an SF2 helicase core domain, and a C‐terminal regulatory domain. Upon RLR activation, 2CARD associates with the CARD domain of MAVS, leading to the oligomerization of MAVS, downstream signaling and interferon induction. Unanchored K63‐linked polyubiquitin chains (polyUb) interacts with the 2CARD domain, and in the case of RIG‐I, induce tetramer formation. However, the nature of the MDA5 2CARD signaling complex is not known. We have used sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation to compare MDA5 2CARD and RIG‐I 2CARD binding to polyUb and to characterize the assembly of MDA5 2CARD oligomers in the absence of polyUb. Multi‐signal sedimentation velocity analysis indicates that Ub4 binds to RIG‐I 2CARD with a 3:4 stoichiometry and cooperatively induces formation of an RIG‐I 2CARD tetramer. In contrast, Ub4 and Ub7 interact with MDA5 2CARD weakly and form complexes with 1:1 and 2:1 stoichiometries but do not induce 2CARD oligomerization. In the absence of polyUb, MDA5 2CARD self‐associates to forms large oligomers in a concentration‐dependent manner. Thus, RIG‐I and MDA5 2CARD assembly processes are distinct. MDA5 2CARD concentration‐dependent self‐association, rather than polyUb binding, drives oligomerization and MDA5 2CARD forms oligomers larger than tetramer. We propose a mechanism where MDA5 2CARD oligomers, rather than a stable tetramer, function to nucleate MAVS polymerization.
Substrate binding to Src: A new perspective on tyrosine kinase substrate recognition from NMR and molecular dynamics
Authors: Joshi Mehul K. , Burton Robert A. , Wu Heng , Lipchik Andrew M. , Craddock Barbara P. , Mo Huaping , Parker Laurie L. , Miller W. Todd , Post Carol Beth 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMost signal transduction pathways in humans are regulated by protein kinases through phosphorylation of their protein substrates. Typical eukaryotic protein kinases are of two major types: those that phosphorylate‐specific sequences containing tyrosine (~90 kinases) and those that phosphorylate either serine or threonine (~395 kinases). The highly conserved catalytic domain of protein kinases comprises a smaller N lobe and a larger C lobe separated by a cleft region lined by the activation loop. Prior studies find that protein tyrosine kinases recognize peptide substrates by binding the polypeptide chain along the C‐lobe on one side of the activation loop, while serine/threonine kinases bind their substrates in the cleft and on the side of the activation loop opposite to that of the tyrosine kinases. Substrate binding structural studies have been limited to four families of the tyrosine kinase group, and did not include Src tyrosine kinases. We examined peptide‐substrate binding to Src using paramagnetic‐relaxation‐enhancement NMR combined with molecular dynamics simulations. The results suggest Src tyrosine kinase can bind substrate positioning residues C‐terminal to the phosphoacceptor residue in an orientation similar to serine/threonine kinases, and unlike other tyrosine kinases. Mutagenesis corroborates this new perspective on tyrosine kinase substrate recognition. Rather than an evolutionary split between tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases, a change in substrate recognition may have occurred within the TK group of the human kinome. Protein tyrosine kinases have long been therapeutic targets, but many marketed drugs have deleterious off‐target effects. More accurate knowledge of substrate interactions of tyrosine kinases has the potential for improving drug selectivity.
Resistance risk assessment for Fusarium graminearum to pydiflumetofen, a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor
Authors: Sun Hai‐Yan , Cui Jia‐he , Tian Bao‐hua , Cao Shu‐lin , Zhang Xiang‐xiang , Chen Huai‐Gu 
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundPydiflumetofen is a new generation succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor currently undergoing the process of registration in China for the control of Fusarium head blight in wheat. A resistance risk assessment of Fusarium graminearum to pydiflumetofen was undertaken in this study.ResultsA total of 75 pydiflumetofen‐resistant mutants were generated through spontaneous selection and displayed high resistance with an average resistance factor (RF) value of 78. Four mutants were generated through UV mutagenesis and displayed very high resistance with an RF value >1000. The sequence analysis results for Sdh genes and fitness studies revealed the existence of four types of mutations. In particular, 32 spontaneous selection mutants (SP mutants) had an arginine (R) to histidine (H) transition at position 86 in FGSdhC, resulting in seriously reduced fitness. Seven SP mutants had an R to cysteine (C) transition at position 86 in FGSdhC, resulting in reduced fitness. Thirty‐six SP mutants had an alanine (A) to valine (V) transition at position 83 in FGSdhC and had no fitness penalties. The efficacy of pydiflumetofen towards a mutant carrying A83V in FGSdhC in vivo was significantly decreased at 42.7%. Four UV mutants had no mutations on all Sdh genes and no fitness penalties. Cross‐resistance among boscalid, fluopyram and pydiflumetofen was observed.ConclusionSdhc mutations were found and other target site resistance may be present in laboratory PR mutants of F. graminearum. An overall moderate risk of resistance development in F. graminearum was recommended for pydiflumetofen. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Antimicrobial Activity of Composite Consisting of Cellulose Nanofibers and Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Limaye Mukta V. , Gupta Varun , Singh Shashi B. , Paik Gyan Ranjan , Singh Prabhat 
Published: November 2019

AbstractIn this work influence of silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) on cellulose nanofibers (CNF) was investigated. Free standing composite films of CNF/ polyvinylalcohol (PVA) ‐ Ag NPs have been synthesized by ex‐situ method. Composite films with different Ag NPs content (1%, 10% and 20%) were obtained and characterized by various techniques such as UV‐visible absorption spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Infrared (IR) spectroscopy and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). A UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy study demonstrates that as Ag NPs content increases the optical transparency decreases. The FESEM studies of the composite films revealed the presence of Ag NPs with average size ∼ 20 nm. Infrared spectroscopy illustrates that the CNF/PVA and Ag NPs are bound through electrostatic interactions. Comparison of the thermal properties of the CNF/PVA and the CNF/PVA ‐ Ag composite films showed that the thermal stability is improved for the highest Ag content composite films. It is shown that the CNF/PVA ‐ Ag composites have potential antibacterial effects against Gram‐positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli).
Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation and DNA‐Binding Spectroscopic Insights of Quinoline‐Based 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole‐1,2,3‐triazole Conjugates
Authors: Shamsi Farheen , Aneja Babita , Hasan Phool , Zeya Bushra , Zafaryab M , Mehdi Syed Hassan , Rizvi M. Moshahid Alam , Patel Rajan , Rana Sandeep , Abid Mohammad 
Published: November 2019

AbstractThe present work involves a pharmacophore hybridization strategy to combine key biologically active scaffolds. The study led to the synthesis of quinoline based oxadiazole‐triazole conjugates with favorable physicochemical properties as anti‐cancer agents. Among the synthesized compounds 8(a–p), in vitro screening against a panel of four cancer cell lines identified compound 8k, with o‐chloro substitution on the phenyl ring, as potent against human lung carcinoma (A‐549) cells (IC50 =5.6 μM), while showing no significant cytotoxicity upto 200 μM concentration in normal cells. Compound 8 k with o‐chloro substitution induced nuclear morphological changes in A‐549 cells as visualized by DAPI (4,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole) and was shown to bind firmly with A−T rich region in DNA. Changes in DNA topology studied through gel electrophoresis and groove mode of binding to ct‐DNA through multi‐spectroscopic techniques were observed, further validated by molecular docking studies. Overall, the study illustrates successful hybridization strategy leading to compound 8 k as promising anticancer agent for further structural optimization and biological evaluation.
Monodispersed Zerovalent Iron Nanoparticles Decorated Carbon Submicrospheres for Enhanced Removal of DDT from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Kang Shenghong , Wang Guozhong , Wang Zhaoming , Cai Weiping 
Published: November 2019

AbstractA simple route is presented to fabricate the nano zero‐valent iron/carbon sphere (nZVI/CSs) composites via Fe2+ ion‐adsorption and then reduction reaction on the pre‐prepared CSs. The nZVI/CSs composites with monodispersed nZVI particles are successfully fabricated. The monodispersed nZVI particles with 30–50 nm in size are uniformly decorated on the sub‐microsized CSs with about 250 nm in diameter. These nZVI/CSs composites are of enough high specific surface area (about 55.8 m2⋅g−1) and good ferromagnetism. Importantly, such nZVI/CSs have exhibited significantly stronger and faster removal performances to the organic pollutants compared with the pure nZVI and pure CSs, in addition to the easy separation from solutions. Typically, in the DDT [or 1,1,1‐trichloro‐2, 2‐bis(4‐chlorophenyl)ethane] aqueous solution with 10 ppm, more than 95% of DDT content can be removed within 140 min after adding 1.0 g⋅L−1 nZVI/CSs. The capacity of removal is up to 15.6 mg⋅g−1, remarkably larger than the previously reported one (2.5 mg⋅g−1) by carbon nanotubes. This is attributed to the synergistic effects from the CSs’ high adsorptivity and nZVI's strong reducibility. This study not only provides a new candidate material for the treatment of the DDT‐polluted environments, but also deepens understanding the process of DDT removal.
Chiral Induction on the Ultrafast Event of Excited State Proton Transfer Can Probe Its Mechanism
Authors: Ghosh Pratyush , Das Aritra , Sen Pratik 
Published: November 2019

AbstractWhen protonic motion is explained as a purely quantum mechanical phenomenon, two extreme situations can be visualized as either the adiabatic or the nonadiabatic limit of proton transfer (PT). Strong orbital coupling between the donor and the acceptor pair in the proton transfer step drives PT mechanism in the adiabatic limit whereas in nonadiabatic limit PT predominantly occurs through tunneling. Here we proposed a unique way to experimentally observe the adiabaticity of PT by introducing chirality in the reaction coordinate of excited state proton transfer (ESPT). We successfully established the existence of prominent role of diastereomerism in the ESPT by both steady state and femtosecond time‐resolved transient absorption spectroscopic measurements in the adiabatic limit. The presented novel approach can overcome the limitations of only available experimental technique, i. e. kinetic isotope effect, to elucidate proton transfer mechanism.
Kranbahnen im Baubestand: Bewertung, Ertüchtigung, Weiternutzung
Authors: Seeßelberg Christoph 
Published: November 2019

AbstractMehr als 40 % der neuen Kranbrücken werden auf Bestandskranbahnen gestellt, die schon mehrere Jahrzehnte alt sein können. Nach der Feststellung des Zustands der Kranbahn kann der Tragwerksplaner dem Bauherrn einen Vorschlag machen, welche Lösung angeraten ist: Sanierung und Weiternutzung der alten Kranbahn oder deren Neubau. Im ersten Fall gilt es, die Kranbahnen für eine künftig gleiche oder veränderte Nutzung zu ertüchtigen. Die Probleme können dabei in einer für die geplante Nutzung zu geringen statischen Tragfähigkeit der Bestandskranbahn liegen und/oder in deren irreversibler ermüdungsmäßiger Vorschädigung. Zunächst werden Optionen vorgestellt, mit denen die Tragfähigkeit der Träger verbessert werden kann. Alternativ lassen sich durch Verzicht auf standardmäßig vorgesehene, möglicherweise aber entbehrliche Betriebsmanöver der Krane die Lasten aus Kranbetrieb so reduzieren, dass die vorhandene Tragfähigkeit der Kranbahnträger ausreicht. Anschließend steht die Ermüdungssicherheit im Fokus. Bei den stets ermüdungsmäßig beanspruchten Kranbahnträgern ist das Werkstoffgefüge durch die bisherige Nutzung bereits in einem zunächst noch unbekannten Maße vorgeschädigt. Dies gilt selbst dann, wenn noch keinerlei Risse erkennbar sind. Es werden Wege aufgezeigt, um die ermüdungsmäßig mögliche Restnutzungsdauer der Bestandskranbahn abzuschätzen. Schließlich wird diskutiert, wie mit Kranbahnen umgegangen werden kann, deren ermüdungsmäßig nachweisbare Nutzungsdauer abgelaufen ist.
Redox‐Mediated Transient Reconfiguration of a Supramolecular Assembly
Authors: Dhiman Shikha , Ghosh Rita , George Subi J. 
Published: November 2019

AbstractDissipative systems, that constantly consume energy for sustenance, are ubiquitous and essential to life. In synthetic systems, the phenomenon promises emergent properties and different structure from the ones existing at thermodynamic equilibrium. It can create reconfigurable and temporally programmable life‐like smart materials. In this study, we attempt to create reconfigurable, temporally programmable self‐assembly using the redox chemistry of a core‐substituted naphthalene diimide derivative. As a result, transient reconfiguration of supramolecular assembly from vesicle to sheet along with transient fluorescence switching with fuel‐dependent lifetime is attained. We believe that such a design strategy can advance the synthesis of active, adaptive and autonomous materials.