bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adoption of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Technology in Ebonyi State Nigeria: Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Availability of Technology
Authors: Onoh Amarachukwu L. , Onoh Charles C. , Onoh Peter A. , Ukpongson Matthew T. 
Published: July 2020

Background: In order to meet the soaring demand for food, there is need for increased food production in Nigeria. Integrated Rice-fish farming is a significant approach to increase food production that will provide social, economic and environmental benefits.
Aim: To describe the socio-economic characteristics of integrated rice-fish farmers and to ascertain the availability of rice-fish farming technologies in the study area.
Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study. 243 farmers were assessed for their socio-economic characteristics and the availability of rice-fish farming technologies in the study area.
Methodology: Primary data were obtained from the field using structured questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions that address the objectives of the study. Farmers were asked to indicate the rice-fish farming technologies available in the area. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools were used in achieving the objectives of the study in the form of Frequency score, Mean and Percentages.
Results: The result indicated that the majority (68.0%) of the farmers were male while 32.0% were female. The mean age of the farmers was 47 years. The result also showed that 79.8% of the farmers were, 9.5% of the farmers were single, while 10.7% were widowed. The result indicated that majority of the farmers 53.5% attained secondary school certificate, 21.8% had primary education. The result revealed that stocking of carp fish (78.60%), use of pests and disease resistant varieties (74.07%), use of organic fertilizer (61.73%), followed by transplanting of rice seedlings (69.96%) and skills in harvesting of rice before fish(53.50%) were the technologies perceived by the farmers as being the most available in the area.
Conclusion: The majority (68.0%) of the farmers were male while 32.0% were female and the technology that was most available to the farmers was stocking of carp fish.
Recommendations: There is need to encourage more females to engage in farming because female participation will have a positive multiplier effect not only on the family but on the entire community. Federal, State governments and Extension organizations must ensure that farmers are assisted in the use of available technology. The Extension agents should mount more aggressive awareness campaign in the area to enable more farmers embrace the practice of rice- fish farming.
Dosimetric benefits of gantry‐static couch‐motion (GsCM) technique for breast boost radiation therapy: Reduced dose to organs‐at‐risk and improved dosimetric indices
Authors: Gill Gurtej S. , Jakubovic Raphael Y. , Baker Jameson , Button Terry , Chang Jenghwa 
Published: July 2020

AbstractTo evaluate the clinical feasibility and dosimetric benefits of a novel gantry‐static couch‐motion (GsCM) technique for external beam photon boost treatment of lumpectomy cavity in patients with early‐stage breast cancer in comparison to three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D‐CRT), wedge pair in supine position (WPS), and wedge pair in decubitus position (WPD) techniques. A retrospective review was conducted on breast patients (right breast, n = 10 and left breast, n = 10) who received 10 Gy boost after 50 Gy to whole breast. The treatment plans were generated using an isocentric‐based GsCM technique (a VMAT type planning approach) integrating couch rotational motion at static gantry positions. Static fields for each tangential side were merged using a Matlab® script and delivered automatically within the Varian TruebeamTM STx in Developer Mode application as a VMAT arc (wide‐angular medial and short‐angular lateral arcs). The dosimetric accuracy of the plan delivery was evaluated by ion chamber array measurements in phantom. For both right and left breast boost GsCM, 3D‐CRT, WPS, and WPD all provided an adequate coverage to PTV. GsCM significantly reduced the ipsilateral lung V30% for right side (mean, 80%) and left side (mean, 70%). Heart V5% reduced by 90% (mean) for right and 80% (mean) for left side. Ipsilateral breast V50% and mean dose were comparable for all techniques but for GsCM, V100% reduced by 50% (mean) for right and left side. The automated delivery of both arcs was under 2 min as compared to delivering individual fields (30 ± 5 min). The gamma analysis using 2 mm distance to agreement (DTA) and 2% dose difference (DD) was 98 ± 1.5% for all 20 plans. The GsCM technique facilitates coronal plane dose delivery appropriate for deep‐seated breast boost cavities, with sufficient dose conformity of target volume paired with sparing of the OARs.
How expert witnesses' counterfactuals influence causal and responsibility attributions of mock jurors and expert judges
Authors: Catellani Patrizia , Bertolotti Mauro , Vagni Monia , Pajardi Daniela 
Published: July 2020

SummaryPast research has shown that counterfactual (“If…then…”) thoughts influence causal and responsibility attribution in the judicial context. However, little is known on whether and how the use of counterfactuals in communication affects lay jurors' and judges' evaluations. In two studies, we asked mock lay jurors (Study 1) and actual judges (Study 2) to read a medical malpractice case followed by an expert witness report, which included counterfactuals focused on either the physician, the patient, or external factors. Results showed that counterfactual focus had a strong effect on both lay jurors' and judges' causal and responsibility attributions. Counterfactual focus also moderated the effect of outcome foreseeability on responsibility attribution. Discussion focuses on how counterfactual communication can direct causal and responsibility attribution and reduce the importance of other factors known to influence judicial decision‐making. The potential implications of these findings in training programs and debiasing interventions are also discussed.
2D Colloidal Array of Glucose‐Conjugative Conductive Microparticles for a Pressure‐Mediated Chemiresistive Sensor Platform
Authors: Choi Song‐Ee , Park Daehwan , Hwang Hyejin , Seo Minjeong , Lee Duho , Jeong Unyong , Kim Jin Woong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractA platform is introduced for pressure‐mediated chemiresistive glucose sensing based on a 2D array of glucose‐conjugating silver nanowire (AgNW)‐deposited conductive microparticles (AgCMPs). Glucose‐conjugating AgCMPs, as transducers of the sensors, are fabricated by decorating the surface of monodisperse polyurethane elastomeric MPs with AgNWs by layer‐by‐layer deposition. Then, the AgNWs are covalently bonded to 4‐mercaptophenylboronic acid (4‐MPBA) to endow them with chemiresistive glucose sensing property against the applied pressure. The 4‐MPBA‐functionalized AgCMPs are positioned with high accuracy on a hole‐patterned stencil film placed between electrodes. Using this sensor system, it is shown that the current induced by the application of constant pressure to the sensor film at a given supply voltage varies linearly with the glucose concentration before and after critical glucose bridging concentration. Notably, the AgCMP‐based chemiresistive sensors could detect glucose over a wide concentration range from 0.56 × 10−6 m to 56 × 10−3 m with remarkable sensitivity and selectivity.
Programmed Wrapping and Assembly of Droplets with Mesoscale Polymers
Authors: Barber Dylan M. , Yang Zhefei , Prévost Lucas , du Roure Olivia , Lindner Anke , Emrick Todd , Crosby Alfred J. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractNature is remarkably adept at using interfaces to build structures, encapsulate reagents, and regulate biological processes. Inspired by nature, flexible polymer‐based ribbons, termed “mesoscale polymers” (MSPs), are described to modulate interfacial interactions with liquid droplets. This produces unprecedented hybrid assemblies in the forms of flagellum‐like structures and MSP‐wrapped droplets. Successful preparation of these hybrid structures hinges on interfacial interactions and tailored MSP compositions, such as MSPs with domains possessing distinctly different affinity for fluid–fluid interfaces as well as mechanical properties. In situ measurements of MSP–droplet interactions confirm that MSPs possess a negligible bending stiffness, allowing interfacial energy to drive mesoscale assembly. By exploiting these interfacial driving forces, mesoscale polymers are demonstrated as a powerful platform that underpins the preparation of sophisticated hybrid structures in fluids.
Sequencing and Welding of Molecular Single‐Crystal Optical Waveguides
Authors: Catalano Luca , Berthaud Julien , Dushaq Ghada , Karothu Durga Prasad , Rezgui Rachid , Rasras Mahmoud , Ferlay Sylvie , Hosseini Mir Wais , Naumov Panče 
Published: July 2020

AbstractMolecular crystals are promising anisotropic optical transducing media for next‐generation optoelectronic microdevices that will be capable of secure transduction of information and impervious to external electromagnetic interference. However, their full potential has not been explored yet due to their poor processability, low mechanical compliance, pronounced brittleness and high proneness to cracking that often result in irrecoverable damage. These issues are detrimental to their ability to transduce light. Here, a novel strategy is presented based on 3D epitaxial crystal growth of organic/inorganic crystals based on charge‐assisted hydrogen bonds that can be used to efficiently weld broken molecular single‐crystalline optical waveguides and restore their light‐transducing capability. This approach can also be applied to prepare asymmetric multidomain crystalline heterostructures starting from isostructural molecular tectons, resulting in novel opto/electro/mechanical functionalities in the hybrid materials. It also removes an important obstacle toward wider application of molecular crystals in the next‐generation optoelectronics.
Engineering MoS2 Nanosheets on Spindle‐Like α‐Fe2O3 as High‐Performance Core–Shell Pseudocapacitive Anodes for Fiber‐Shaped Aqueous Lithium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Man Ping , Zhang Qichong , Zhou Zhenyu , Chen Mengxiao , Yang Jiao , Wang Zhe , Wang Zhixun , He Bing , Li Qiulong , Gong Wenbin , Lu Weibang , Yao Yagang , Wei Lei 
Published: July 2020

AbstractFiber‐shaped aqueous lithium‐ion capacitors (FALICs) featured with high energy and power densities together with outstanding safety characteristics are emerging as promising electrochemical energy‐storage devices for future portable and wearable electronics. However, the lack of high‐capacitance fibrous anodes is a major bottleneck to achieve high performance FALICs. Here, hierarchical MoS2@α‐Fe2O3 core–shell heterostructures consisting of spindle‐shaped α‐Fe2O3 cores and MoS2 nanosheet shells on a carbon nanotube fiber (CNTF) are successfully fabricated. Originating from the unique core/shell architecture and prominent synergetic effects for multi‐components, the resulting MoS2@α‐Fe2O3/CNTF anode delivers a remarkable specific capacitance of 2077.5 mF cm−2 (554.0 F cm−3) at 2 mA cm−2, substantially outperforming most of the previously reported fibrous anode materials. Further density functional theory calculations reveal that the MoS2@α‐Fe2O3 nano‐heterostructure possesses better electrical conductivity and stronger adsorption energy of Li+ than those of the individual MoS2 and α‐Fe2O3. By paring with the self‐standing LiCoO2/CNTF battery‐type cathode, a prototype quasi‐solid‐state FALIC with a maximum operating voltage of 2.0 V is constructed, achieving impressive specific capacitance (253.1 mF cm−2) and admirable energy density (39.6 mWh cm−3). Additionally, the newly developed FALICs can be woven into the flexible textile to power wearable electronics. This work presents a novel effective strategy to design high‐performance anode materials for next‐generation wearable ALICs.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Computational Nanotoxicology: Unlocking and Empowering Nanomedicine
Authors: Singh Ajay Vikram , Ansari Mohammad Hasan Dad , Rosenkranz Daniel , Maharjan Romi Singh , Kriegel Fabian L. , Gandhi Kaustubh , Kanase Anurag , Singh Rishabh , Laux Peter , Luch Andreas 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAdvances in nanomedicine, coupled with novel methods of creating advanced materials at the nanoscale, have opened new perspectives for the development of healthcare and medical products. Special attention must be paid toward safe design approaches for nanomaterial‐based products. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) gifted the computational tool for enhancing and improving the simulation and modeling process for nanotoxicology and nanotherapeutics. In particular, the correlation of in vitro generated pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to in vivo application scenarios is an important step toward the development of safe nanomedicinal products. This review portrays how in vitro and in vivo datasets are used in in silico models to unlock and empower nanomedicine. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME)‐based in silico methods along with dosimetry models as a focus area for nanomedicine are mainly described. The computational OMICS, colloidal particle determination, and algorithms to establish dosimetry for inhalation toxicology, and quantitative structure–activity relationships at nanoscale (nano‐QSAR) are revisited. The challenges and opportunities facing the blind spots in nanotoxicology in this computationally dominated era are highlighted as the future to accelerate nanomedicine clinical translation.
Bidirectional Catalysts for Liquid–Solid Redox Conversion in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wang Ruochen , Luo Chong , Wang Tianshuai , Zhou Guangmin , Deng Yaqian , He Yanbing , Zhang Qianfan , Kang Feiyu , Lv Wei , Yang Quan‐Hong 
Published: July 2020

AbstractAccelerated conversion by catalysis is a promising way to inhibit shuttling of soluble polysulfides in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, but most of the reported catalysts work only for one direction sulfur reaction (reduction or oxidation), which is still not a root solution since fast cycled use of sulfur species is not finally realized. A bidirectional catalyst design, oxide–sulfide heterostructure, is proposed to accelerate both reduction of soluble polysulfides and oxidation of insoluble discharge products (e.g., Li2S), indicating a fundamental way for improving both the cycling stability and sulfur utilization. Typically, a TiO2–Ni3S2 heterostructure is prepared by in situ growing TiO2 nanoparticles on Ni3S2 surface and the intimately bonded interfaces are the key for bidirectional catalysis. For reduction, TiO2 traps while Ni3S2 catalytically converts polysulfides. For oxidation, TiO2 and Ni3S2 both show catalytic activity for Li2S dissolution, refreshing the catalyst surface. The produced sulfur cathode with TiO2–Ni3S2 delivers a low capacity decay of 0.038% per cycle for 900 cycles at 0.5C and specially, with a sulfur loading of 3.9 mg cm−2, achieves a high capacity retention of 65% over 500 cycles at 0.3C. This work unlocks how a bidirectional catalyst works for boosting Li–S batteries approaching practical uses.
Organic‐Salt‐Assisted Crystal Growth and Orientation of Quasi‐2D Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskites for Solar Cells with Efficiency over 19%
Authors: Lai Hongtao , Lu Di , Xu Zhiyuan , Zheng Nan , Xie Zengqi , Liu Yongsheng 
Published: July 2020

AbstractQuasi‐2D Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn significant attention due to their appealing environmental stability compared to their 3D counterparts. However, the relatively low power conversion efficiency (PCE) greatly limits their applications. Here, high photovoltaic performance is demonstrated for quasi‐2D RP PSCs using 2‐thiophenemethylammonium as spacer with nominal n‐value of 5, which is based on the stoichiometry of the precursors. The incorporation of formamidinium (FA) in quasi‐2D RP perovskites reduces the bandgap and improves the light absorption ability, resulting in enlarged photocurrent and an increased PCE of 16.18%, which is higher than that of reported analogous methylammonium (MA)‐based quasi‐2D PSC (≈15%). A record high PCE of 19.06% is further demonstrated by using an organic salt, namely, 4‐(trifluoromethyl)benzylammonium iodide, assisted crystal growth (OACG) technique, which can induce the crystal growth and orientation, tune the surface energy levels, and suppress the charge recombination losses. More importantly, the devices based on OACG‐processed quasi‐2D RP perovskites show remarkable environmental stability and thermal stability, for example, the PCE retaining ≈96% of its initial value after storage at 80 °C for 576 h, while only ≈37% of the original efficiency left for FAPbI3‐based3D PSCs.
Charge Trapping‐Based Electricity Generator (CTEG): An Ultrarobust and High Efficiency Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting from Water Droplets
Authors: Wu Hao , Mendel Niels , van der Ham Stijn , Shui Lingling , Zhou Guofu , Mugele Frieder 
Published: July 2020

AbstractStrategies toward harvesting energy from water movements are proposed in recent years. Reverse electrowetting allows high efficiency energy generation, but requires external electric field. Triboelectric nanogenerators, as passive energy harvesting devices, are limited by the unstable and low density of tribo‐charges. Here, a charge trapping‐based electricity generator (CTEG) is proposed for passive energy harvesting from water droplets with high efficiency. The hydrophobic fluoropolymer films utilized in CTEG are pre‐charged by a homogeneous electrowetting‐assisted charge injection (h‐EWCI) method, allowing an ultrahigh negative charge density of 1.8 mC m−2. By utilizing a dedicated designed circuit to connect the bottom electrode and top electrode of a Pt wire, instantaneous currents beyond 2 mA, power density above 160 W m−2, and energy harvesting efficiency over 11% are achieved from continuously falling water droplets. CTEG devices show excellent robustness for energy harvesting from water drops, without appreciable degradation for intermittent testing during 100 days. These results exceed previously reported values by far. The approach is not only applicable for energy harvesting from water droplets or wave‐like oscillatory fluid motion, but also opens up avenues toward other applications requiring passive electric responses, such as diverse sensors and wearable devices.
Optical Pliers: Micrometer‐Scale, Light‐Driven Tools Grown on Optical Fibers
Authors: Zmyślony Michał , Dradrach Klaudia , Haberko Jakub , Nałęcz‐Jawecki Paweł , Rogóż Mikołaj , Wasylczyk Piotr 
Published: July 2020

AbstractThe ability to grip and handle small objects, from sub‐millimeter electronic components to single‐micrometer living cells, is vital for numerous ever‐shrinking technologies. Mechanical grippers, powered by electric, pneumatic, hydraulic or piezoelectric servos, are well suited for the job at larger scales, but their complexity and need for force transmission prevent their miniaturization and remote control in tight spaces. Using liquid crystal elastomer microstructures that can change shape quickly and reversibly in response to light, a light‐powered gripping tool—optical pliers—is built by growing two bending jaws on the tips of optical fibers. By delivering UV light to trigger polymerization via a micrometer‐size fiber core, structures of similar size can be made without resorting to any microfabrication technology, such as laser photolithography. The tool is operated using visible light energy supplied through the fibers, with no force transmission. The elastomer growth technique readily offers micrometer‐scale, remotely controlled functional structures with different modes of actuation as building blocks for the microtoolbox.
Tailoring Artificial Mode to Enable Cofired Integration of Shear‐type Piezoelectric Devices
Authors: Yang Jikun , Huan Qiang , Yu Yang , Wu Jingen , Chu Zhaoqiang , PourhosseiniAsl MohammadJavad , Li Faxin , Dong Shuxiang 
Published: July 2020

AbstractLow‐temperature cofired ceramic technology is the prerequisite for producing advanced integrated piezoelectric devices that enable modern micro‐electromechanical systems because of merits such as high level of compactness and ultralow drive voltage. However, piezoceramic structure with shear‐type outputs, as a most fundamental functional electronic element, has never been successfully fabricated into multilayer form by the cofired method for decades. Technical manufacture requirements of parallel applied electric fields and polarization are theoretically incompatible with intrinsically orthogonal orientations in naturally occurring shear modes. Herein, inspired by the philosophy of building metamaterial from identical unit cells, an artificial prototype device with distinctive patterned electrodes and arrayed piezoceramic subunits is designed and fabricated, which is proved to perfectly generate synthetic face shear deformation. At the same drive voltage, an enhanced shear‐type displacement output by over an order of magnitude is observed beyond previous d15‐mode bulk elements. Further results of guided wave‐based structural health monitoring and force sensing confirm that the methodology wipes out a tough piezoelectric technique barrier, and promises to fundamentally enlighten advances of integrated shear‐mode piezoelectric devices for augmented actuation, sensing, and transduction applications.
Analysis of the local well‐posedness of optimization‐constrained differential equations by local optimality conditions
Authors: Zhao Xiao , Ploch Tobias , Noack Stephan , Wiechert Wolfgang , Mitsos Alexander , von Lieres Eric 
Published: July 2020

AbstractOptimization‐constrained differential equations (OCDE) are a class of mathematical problems where differential equations are constrained by an embedded algebraic optimization problem. We analyze the well‐posedness of the local solutions of OCDE based on local optimality. By assuming linear independence constraint qualification and applying the Karush‐Kuhn‐Tucker optimality conditions, an OCDE is transformed into a complementarity system (CS). Under second‐order sufficient condition we show that (a) if strict complementary condition (SCC) holds, the local solution of OCDE is well‐posed, which corresponds to a mode of the derived CS; (b) at points where SCC is violated, a local solution of OCDE exists by sequentially connecting the local solutions of two selected modes of the derived CS. We propose an event‐based algorithm to numerically solve OCDE. We illustrate the approach and algorithm for microbial cultivation, single flash unit and contrived numerical examples.
A data‐driven optimization algorithm for differential algebraic equations with numerical infeasibilities
Authors: Beykal Burcu , Onel Melis , Onel Onur , Pistikopoulos Efstratios N. 
Published: July 2020

AbstractSupport vector machines (SVMs) based optimization framework is presented for the data‐driven optimization of numerically infeasible differential algebraic equations (DAEs) without the full discretization of the underlying first‐principles model. By formulating the stability constraint of the numerical integration of a DAE system as a supervised classification problem, we are able to demonstrate that SVMs can accurately map the boundary of numerical infeasibility. The necessity of this data‐driven approach is demonstrated on a two‐dimensional motivating example, where highly accurate SVM models are trained, validated, and tested using the data collected from the numerical integration of DAEs. Furthermore, this methodology is extended and tested for a multidimensional case study from reaction engineering (i.e., thermal cracking of natural gas liquids). The data‐driven optimization of this complex case study is explored through integrating the SVM models with a constrained global grey‐box optimization algorithm, namely the ARGONAUT framework.